title: Guten Morgen Freiheit

abstract: Guten Morgen Freiheit is the seventh studio album by German recording artist Yvonne Catterfeld. Released on 10 March 2017, it marked Catterfeld's debut release with her independent record company Veritable Records following her departure from Columbia Records. Her highest-charting album since Unterwegs (2005), it debuted at number four on the Austrian and German Albums Chart, respectively, and peaked at number seven in Switzerland.

text:
# Guten Morgen Freiheit

***Guten Morgen Freiheit*** (*Good Morning Freedom*) is the seventh studio album by German recording artist Yvonne Catterfeld. Released on 10 March 2017, it marked Catterfeld's debut release with her independent record company Veritable Records following her departure from Columbia Records. Her highest-charting album since *Unterwegs* (2005), it debuted at number four on the Austrian and German Albums Chart, respectively, and peaked at number seven in Switzerland.

## Track listing

*Guten Morgen Freiheit* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Guten Morgen Freiheit" | * Alexander Freund * Sera Finale | 3:24 |
| 2. | "Irgendwas" (featuring Bengio) | * Ben-Giacomo Wortmann * Matteo Capreoli | 3:33 |
| 3. | "Was bleibt" | * Catterfeld * Michael Kurth * Tom Olbrich | 2:42 |
| 4. | "Besser werden" | * Catterfeld * Freund * Finale | 2:57 |
| 5. | "Tür und Angel" (featuring Chima) |  | 3:30 |
| 6. | "Freisprengen" | * Beatgees * Onyele * Römer | 2:57 |
| 7. | "Schwarz auf weiß" | * Catterfeld * Freund | 2:35 |
| 8. | "5 vor 12" (featuring Teesy) |  | 3:36 |
| 9. | "Mehr als ihr seht (Pt. 1)" | * Catterfeld * Onyele * Peter Jordan * Konrad Sommermeyer | 3:09 |
| 10. | "Scheinriesen" | * Ali Zuckowski * David Jürgens * Peter Schanowski | 2:46 |
| 11. | "Straßen aus Salz" | * Alina Wichmann * Jen Bender * Michael Schlücker * Raphael Schalz | 3:28 |
| 12. | "Mehr als ihr seht (Pt. 2)" (featuring MoTrip) | * Catterfeld * Beatgees * Onyele * Jordan * Motrip * Sommermeyer | 4:01 |
| 13. | "Naftali" | * Catterfeld | 1:26 |
| 14. | "Pass gut auf dich auf" | * Freund * Finale | 3:13 |
| Total length: | | | 43:17 |

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for *Guten Morgen Freiheit*
| Chart (2017) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 4 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 4 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 7 |

## Release history

*Guten Morgen Freiheit* release history
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | 10 March 2017 | * Digital download * CD | Veritable |

## InfoBox

| Guten Morgen Freiheit | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Yvonne Catterfeld | |
| Released | 10 March 2017 (2017-03-10) |
| Length | 43:17 |
| Label | Veritable |
| Producer | * Beatgees * Greatest Kidz |
| Yvonne Catterfeld chronology | |
| *Lieber so*
(2013) ***Guten Morgen Freiheit***
(2017) *Change*
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Guten Morgen Freiheit* | |
| 1. "Irgendwas"
Released: 9 December 2016 2. "Was bleibt"
Released: 3 February 2017 3. "Besser werden"
Released: 10 February 2017 4. "Freisprengen"
Released: 17 February 2017 5. "Tür und Angel"
Released: 24 February 2017 6. "Guten Morgen Freiheit"
Released: 3 March 2017 | |
|  | |


title: Gute Nacht

abstract:
Gute Nacht may refer to:
  - Gute Nacht, the first scene in Winterreise, a song cycle for voice and piano written by Franz Schubert and published in 1828
  - Gute Nacht, also known as Warum bist du so ferne, a serenade written by Adolf Eduard Marschner
  - Gute Nacht, a song by German punk band Die Ärzte, originally released on the 1983 EP Zu schön, um wahr zu sein! then in as the B-side of the 1989 single Teenager Liebe
  - Gute Nacht (album)

text:
# Gute Nacht

**Gute Nacht** may refer to:

* *Gute Nacht*, the first scene in *Winterreise*, a song cycle for voice and piano written by Franz Schubert and published in 1828
* *Gute Nacht*, also known as *Warum bist du so ferne*, a serenade written by Adolf Eduard Marschner
* *Gute Nacht*, a song by German punk band Die Ärzte, originally released on the 1983 EP *Zu schön, um wahr zu sein!* then in as the B-side of the 1989 single *Teenager Liebe*
* *Gute Nacht* (album)


title: Gymnosoma fuscohalteratum

abstract: Gymnosoma fuscohalteratum is an African species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Gymnosoma fuscohalteratum

***Gymnosoma fuscohalteratum*** is an African species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Malawi, Nigeria.

## InfoBox

| *Gymnosoma fuscohalteratum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Phasiinae |
| Tribe: | Gymnosomatini |
| Genus: | *Gymnosoma* |
| Species: | ***G. fuscohalteratum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gymnosoma fuscohalteratum***<br>Emden, 1945 | |
|


title: Gymnoscelis yurikae

abstract: Gymnoscelis yurikae is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue in 2002. It is endemic to Japan.

text:
# Gymnoscelis yurikae

***Gymnoscelis yurikae*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue in 2002. It is endemic to Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Gymnoscelis yurikae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Gymnoscelis* |
| Species: | ***G. yurikae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gymnoscelis yurikae***<br>Inoue, 2002 | |
|


title: Gymnoscopelus piabilis

abstract: Gymnoscopelus piabilis, the Southern blacktip lanternfish is a species of lanternfish found circumglobally in the Southern Hemisphere between about 46° and 52°S, at depths below 100 metres (330 ft) at night. This species grows to a length of 14.6 centimetres (5.7 in) SL. It is a mesopelagic-benthopelagic species.

text:
# Gymnoscopelus piabilis

***Gymnoscopelus piabilis***, the **Southern blacktip lanternfish** is a species of lanternfish found circumglobally in the Southern Hemisphere between about 46° and 52°S, at depths below 100 metres (330 ft) at night. This species grows to a length of 14.6 centimetres (5.7 in) SL. It is a mesopelagic-benthopelagic species.

## Bibliography

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Gymnoscopelus piabilis*". *FishBase*. April 2012 version.

## InfoBox

| *Gymnoscopelus piabilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Drawing by Dr Tony Ayling | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Myctophiformes |
| Family: | Myctophidae |
| Genus: | *Gymnoscopelus* |
| Species: | ***G. piabilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gymnoscopelus piabilis***<br>(Whitley, 1931) | |
|


title: NIFL Premiership Development League

abstract: The NIFL Development League is an intermediate Association football league in Northern Ireland consisting of the reserve teams of the twelve NIFL Premiership clubs.

text:
# NIFL Premiership Development League

The **NIFL Development League** (prior to 2016, the **NIFL Reserve League**) is an intermediate Association football league in Northern Ireland consisting of the reserve teams of the twelve NIFL Premiership clubs.

## Current members (2022–23)

## History

The NIFL Development League is the successor to the **NIFL Reserve League**, which in turn was the successor to the **Irish League B Division Section 2** which was formed in 1977, when the B Division split into two sections: Section 1 for intermediate clubs and the other for the reserve teams of senior clubs. Since the foundation of the B Division in 1951, these two categories of teams had competed together. In 1999, Section 1 of the B Division was renamed the Irish League Second Division and Section 2 became the Irish League Reserve League. In 2003, on the formation of the Irish Premier League, the IFA took direct control and the league was renamed the IFA Reserve League. In 2013, the Northern Ireland Football League took over, and the league was again renamed, to the NIFL Reserve League. In 2016, it became the NIFL Development League, with an age restriction imposed on players.

## List of champions

### Irish League B Division Section 2

| Season | Champions |
| --- | --- |
| 1977–78 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1978–79 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1979–80 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1980–81 | Cliftonville Olympic |
| 1981–82 | Larne Olympic |
| 1982–83 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1983–84 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1984–85 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1985–86 | Glentoran II |
| 1986–87 | Glentoran II |
| 1987–88 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1988–89 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1989–90 | Glentoran II |
| 1990–91 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1991–92 | Linfield Swifts |
| 1992–93 | Glentoran II |
| 1993–94 | Bangor Reserves |
| 1994–95 | Bangor Reserves |
| 1995–96 | Glentoran II |
| 1996–97 | Crusaders Reserves |
| 1997–98 | Glentoran II |
| 1998–99 | Linfield Swifts |

### Irish League Reserve League

| Season | Champions |
| --- | --- |
| 1999–00 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2000–01 | Cliftonville Olympic |
| 2001–02 | Glentoran II |
| 2002–03 | Glentoran II |

### IFA Reserve League

| Season | Champions |
| --- | --- |
| 2003–04 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2004–05 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2005–06 | Dungannon Swifts Reserves |
| 2006–07 | Ballymena United Reserves |
| 2007–08 | Donegal Celtic Reserves |
| 2008–09 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2009–10 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2010–11 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2011–12 | Cliftonville Olympic |
| 2012–13 | Ballinamallard United II |

### NIFL Reserve League

| Season | Champions |
| --- | --- |
| 2013–14 | Cliftonville Olympic |
| 2014–15 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2015–16 | Cliftonville Olympic |

### NIFL Premiership Development League

| Season | Champions |
| --- | --- |
| 2016–17 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2017–18 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2018–19 | Linfield Swifts |
| 2019–20 | Cliftonville Olympic |
| 2020–21 | *cancelled* |
| 2021–22 | Crusaders Reserves |
| 2022–23 | Crusaders Reserves |
| 2023–24 | Coleraine Reserves |

## Summary of champions

| Team | Wins | Winning years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Linfield Swifts | 21 | 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2014–15, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19 |
| Glentoran II | 8 | 1985–86, 1986–87, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03 |
| Cliftonville Olympic | 6 | 1980–81, 2000–01, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2019-20 |
| Crusaders Reserves | 3 | 1996–97, 2021–22, 2022–23 |
| Bangor Reserves | 2 | 1993–94, 1994–95 |
| Ballinamallard United II | 1 | 2012–13 |
| Ballymena United Reserves | 1 | 2006–07 |
| Coleraine Reserves | 1 | 2023–24 |
| Donegal Celtic Reserves | 1 | 2007–08 |
| Dungannon Swifts Reserves | 1 | 2005–06 |
| Larne Olympic | 1 | 1981–82 |

## InfoBox

NIFL Premiership Development League
| Founded | 2016
2013–2016 *(as NIFL Reserve League)*
2003–2013 *(as IFA Reserve League)*
1999–2003 *(as Irish League Reserve League)*
1977–1999 *(as Irish League B Division Section 2)* |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Divisions | 1 |
| Number of teams | 12 |
| Domestic cup(s) | IFA Intermediate Cup
George Wilson Cup |
| Current champions | Crusaders Reserves (2022–23) |
| Most championships | Linfield Swifts (17) |


title: WHMI-FM

abstract: WHMI-FM is a radio station broadcasting from the Howell, Michigan area. The station broadcasts a Classic Hits format with local news, sports, traffic and weather and bills itself as Livingston County's Own. It also airs hourly news updates from ABC News Radio. WHMI is owned by Rodney Krol through licensee Krol Communications Inc.

text:
# WHMI-FM

**WHMI-FM** (93.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting from the Howell, Michigan area. The station broadcasts a Classic Hits format with local news, sports, traffic and weather and bills itself as **Livingston County's Own**. It also airs hourly news updates from ABC News Radio. WHMI is owned by Rodney Krol through licensee Krol Communications Inc.

## History

WHMI began as an AM radio station at 1350 kHz in 1957. The call letters could be said to stand for both "Howell, Michigan" and "Heart of Michigan", a reference to an ad campaign of the late 1950s which promoted Livingston County as a good place to live. An FM signal at 93.5 was added in 1977, simulcasting the AM. Originally, WHMI was a small-town station typical of its era, with adult contemporary/MOR music and a strong news commitment.

The AM signal, which was inferior to the FM signal, was silenced in 1995. Since then WHMI has been solely on FM. During the late 1990s, WHMI's music programming gradually evolved from hot AC into the current "classic hits" format.

In 2001, WHMI moved out of its longtime studios on Grand River Avenue in Howell into a state-of-the-art facility at 1277 Parkway Drive in Genoa Township, Michigan.

## InfoBox

WHMI-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Brighton, Michigan |
| Frequency | 93.5 MHz |
| Branding | *FM 93.5* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic hits |
| Affiliations | ABC News Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Rodney Krol * (Krol Communications Inc.) |
| History | |
| First air date | September 1, 1977 |
| Call sign meaning | **H**owell **MI**chigan |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 65917 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 5,200 watts |
| HAAT | 108 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 42°39′37″N 83°56′23″W / 42.66028°N 83.93972°W / 42.66028; -83.93972 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | whmi.com |


title: WHMZ-LP

abstract: WHMZ-LP was a licensed low-power radio station in Madison, Alabama. The station was owned by Madison County Citizens for Better Government. The station was granted a construction permit on February 20, 2014; the WHMZ-LP call sign was issued on March 20, 2014. WHMZ-LP filed for a license to cover the permit on July 6, 2015, and was granted it on July 13. WHMZ-LP's license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on April 2, 2020, due to the station failing to file an application for license renewal by April 1.

text:
# WHMZ-LP

**WHMZ-LP** (95.5 FM) was a licensed low-power radio station in Madison, Alabama. The station was owned by Madison County Citizens for Better Government.

The station was granted a construction permit on February 20, 2014; the WHMZ-LP call sign was issued on March 20, 2014. WHMZ-LP filed for a license to cover the permit on July 6, 2015, and was granted it on July 13.

WHMZ-LP's license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on April 2, 2020, due to the station failing to file an application for license renewal by April 1.

34°44′2″N 86°43′44″W / 34.73389°N 86.72889°W / 34.73389; -86.72889 (WHMZ-LP)

## InfoBox

WHMZ-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 95.5 MHz |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Madison County Citizens for Better Government |
| History | |
| First air date | July 6, 2015 (2015-07-06) |
| Last air date | April 2, 2020 (2020-04-02) (license cancelled) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 193471 |
| ERP | 3 watts |
| HAAT | 160.135 m (525.38 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°44′2″N 86°43′44″W / 34.73389°N 86.72889°W / 34.73389; -86.72889 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |


title: WRC 4: FIA World Rally Championship

abstract: WRC 4: FIA World Rally Championship is the official racing video game of the 2013 World Rally Championship season. It was developed by Milestone srl being the last WRC Videogame to be developed by Milestone. WRC 4 was released in Europe on 25 October 2013. Per the calendar, Rally New Zealand was removed from the previous game, while Rallye Deutschland and Rally Mexico both had revised routes.

text:
# WRC 4: FIA World Rally Championship

***WRC 4: FIA World Rally Championship*** is the official racing video game of the 2013 World Rally Championship season. It was developed by Milestone srl being the last WRC Videogame to be developed by Milestone. *WRC 4* was released in Europe on 25 October 2013.

Per the calendar, Rally New Zealand was removed from the previous game, while Rallye Deutschland and Rally Mexico both had revised routes.

## Reception

The game had mixed reviews. The general consensus is that "the career mode is a lot of fun and the tracks are varied. On the other hand, the game lacks challenge, has an overabundance of loading times and disappoints audiovisually." It got to number 21 in the UK sales charts.

## InfoBox

| WRC 4: FIA World Rally Championship | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Milestone srl |
| Publisher(s) |  |
| Designer(s) | Alex Zucca |
| Series | *World Rally Championship* |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita |
| Release | * EU: October 25, 2013 * JP: July 24, 2014 (PS3, Vita) * NA: July 29, 2014 (PS3, Vita) |
| Genre(s) | Racing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, Multiplayer |


title: Gynnidomorpha curviphalla

abstract: Gynnidomorpha curviphalla is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China. The wingspan is 12−13 mm.

text:
# Gynnidomorpha curviphalla

***Gynnidomorpha curviphalla*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Beijing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Tianjin).

The wingspan is 12−13 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Gynnidomorpha curviphalla* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Gynnidomorpha* |
| Species: | ***G. curviphalla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gynnidomorpha curviphalla***<br>Y.H. Sun & H.H. Li, 2013 | |
|


title: Gynnidomorpha alismana

abstract: Gynnidomorpha alismana, the water plantain conch, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Ragonot in 1883. It is found in most of Europe, except Spain, Switzerland, most of the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine. Further east it is found across the Palearctic to China and Korea. It is found in riverine and other watery habitats. The wingspan is 11–14 mm. The head is pale ochreous. Forewings with a gently arched costa.They are pale ochreous, submetallic, the margins more or less strigulated with dark fuscous > There is an ochreous-brownish basal patch, often represented by an angulated edge only.Then a slightly curved ochreous-brown median fascia, suffused with blackish below middle. There are some ochreous brownish clouds towards the tornus. An ochreous-brown fascia from costa posteriorly is obsolete before termen. The hindwings are grey, almost black. The larva is dull yellowish -pink or pinkish-brown ; head and plate of 2 black-brown : Adults are on wing from June to August.

text:
# Gynnidomorpha alismana

***Gynnidomorpha alismana***, the **water plantain conch**, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Ragonot in 1883. It is found in most of Europe, except Spain, Switzerland, most of the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine. Further east it is found across the Palearctic to China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Yunnan) and Korea. It is found in riverine and other watery habitats.

The wingspan is 11–14 mm. The head is pale ochreous. Forewings with a gently arched costa .They are pale ochreous, submetallic, the margins more or less strigulated with dark fuscous \> There is an ochreous-brownish basal patch, often represented by an angulated edge only.Then a slightly curved ochreous-brown median fascia, suffused with blackish below middle. There are some ochreous brownish clouds towards the tornus. An ochreous-brown fascia from costa posteriorly is obsolete before termen. The hindwings are grey, almost black. The larva is dull yellowish -pink or pinkish-brown ; head and plate of 2 black-brown :

Adults are on wing from June to August.

## InfoBox

| Water plantain conch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Gynnidomorpha* |
| Species: | ***G. alismana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gynnidomorpha alismana***<br>(Ragonot, 1883) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Gynnidomorpha

abstract: Gynnidomorpha is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

text:
# Gynnidomorpha

***Gynnidomorpha*** is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Razowski, J., 2011: Diagnoses and remarks on genera of Tortricidae, 2: Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). *Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia* **39** (156): 397–414.
* Sun, Y.-H. & H.H. Li, 2013: Review of the Chinese species of *Gynnidomorpha* Turner, 1916 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini). *Zootaxa* **3646** (5): 545–560. Abstract: doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3646.5.4
* Turner, 1916, *Trans. Proc. R. Soc. S. Austral.* **40**: 518
* Brown, J.W., 2005 *World Catalogue of Insects*, **5** Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)

## InfoBox

| *Gynnidomorpha* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gynnidomorpha vectisana | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Tribe: | Cochylini |
| Genus: | *Gynnidomorpha*<br>Turner, 1916 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pierca* Razowski, 1977 * *Piercea* Filipjev, 1940 | |


title: NTV (India)

abstract: NTV is an Indian Telugu-language news channel established by Tummala Narendra Choudary on 30 August 2007. The channel is named after the founder Narendra Choudary who also serves as its Chairman while his wife Tummala Rama Devi is the Managing Director. NTV's parent company is Rachana Television Pvt. Ltd (RTPL). RTPL also owns the devotional channel Bhakthi TV and women-focused channel Vanitha TV. As per Media Ownership Monitor 2018, Narendra Choudary and family own 66.2% of RTPL, while P. P. Reddy, the founder and chairman of Megha Engineering Infrastructure Limited (MEIL) owns 22.8% of the company, and Jupally Rameswar Rao, chairman of My Home Group owns 11%.

text:
# NTV (India)

**NTV** is an Indian Telugu-language news channel established by Tummala Narendra Choudary on 30 August 2007. The channel is named after the founder Narendra Choudary who also serves as its Chairman while his wife Tummala Rama Devi is the Managing Director. NTV's parent company is Rachana Television Pvt. Ltd (RTPL). RTPL also owns the devotional channel Bhakthi TV and women-focused channel Vanitha TV.

As per Media Ownership Monitor 2018, Narendra Choudary and family own 66.2% of RTPL, while P. P. Reddy, the founder and chairman of Megha Engineering Infrastructure Limited (MEIL) owns 22.8% of the company, and Jupally Rameswar Rao, chairman of My Home Group owns 11%.

## History

NTV was launched by Tummala Narendra Choudary as a 24x7 Telugu-language news channel on 30 August 2007. The tagline of the channel is *Prathi Kshaṇam Praja Hitham.* The channel became popular for the accurate estimation of election results.

## Ownership

NTV's parent company is Rachana Television Pvt. Ltd (RTPL). Rachana also owns devotional channel Bhakthi TV and women-focused channel Vanitha TV. RTPL was incorporated in 2006. The company management (Narendra Choudary and family) also has interests in publishing (Rachana Publishers Private Limited), Infrastructure Development (Sri Rachana Infra Developers, and Sunshine Infraholdings), etc.

Megha Engineering & Infrastructure Ltd (MEIL) held 26% of the shareholding in RTPL in 2012-13 and 24% in 2013-14. The promoter, Narendra Choudary, held 69% in 2012-13 and 68% in 2013-14.

As per Media Ownership Monitor 2018, Narendra Choudary and family own 66.2% of RTPL, while P. P. Reddy, the founder and chairman of Megha Engineering Infrastructure Limited (MEIL) owns 22.8% of the company, and Jupally Rameswar Rao, chairman of My Home Group owns 11%.

## Availability

The channel's live video feed is also streamed on its website NTVTelugu.com and YouTube.

## InfoBox

NTV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | India |
| Headquarters | Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Telugu |
| Picture format | 4:3 (576i, SDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Parent | Rachana Television Pvt. Ltd (RTPL) |
| Key people | Tummala Narendra Choudary (Chairman)
Tummala Rama Devi (Managing Director) |
| Sister channels | Bhakti TV
Vanitha TV |
| History | |
| Launched | 30 August 2007 |
| Founder | Tummala Narendra Choudary |
| Links | |
| Website | NTVTelugu.com |


title: NTV (Turkish TV channel)

abstract: NTV is a Turkish nationwide television news channel owned by Doğuş Media Group. It was partnered with MSNBC between May 2000 and 2014. Besides domestic and international news, the channel's programming includes documentaries, as well as programs on finance, arts and culture, lifestyle, and sports.

text:
# NTV (Turkish TV channel)

**NTV** is a Turkish nationwide television news channel owned by Doğuş Media Group.

It was partnered with MSNBC between May 2000 and 2014. Besides domestic and international news, the channel's programming includes documentaries, as well as programs on finance, arts and culture, lifestyle, and sports.

## History

NTV was founded in 1996 as a subsidiary of Cavit Çağlar's Nergis Group (hence the original full name of Nergis TV) and as the first news channel of Turkey. In January 1999, the channel became part of Doğuş Media Group. The success of NTV changed the Turkish media industry and started the era of thematic TV channels.

In June 2013, NTV's lack of coverage on the Gezi Park protests saw protests in front of its head office in Istanbul, and the resignation of some NTV staff in protest. The CEO of Doğuş Group in Ferit Şahenk, conceded that the criticisms were "fair to a large extent", and that "our audience feels like they were betrayed". Shortly after his comments, Aydın left Doğuş Media. Soon after that, NTV refused to air a BBC World News package on press freedom in Turkey, breaking its partnership agreement with the BBC. The BBC suspended the agreement in response.

## NTV HD

On 17 January 2016 the channel launched **NTV HD**, a high-definition simulcast of NTV.

## NTV Radio

**NTV Radyo** radio station that started broadcasting on 13 November 2000.

## InfoBox

NTV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Turkey |
| Broadcast area | Turkey |
| Affiliates | NTV Radio |
| Headquarters | Büyükdere Avenue, Maslak, Büyükdere, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Turkish |
| Picture format | 576i (16:9 SDTV)
1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Cavit Çağlar (1996-1999)
Doğuş Media Group (1999-present) |
| Sister channels | Star TV
Kral TV
DMAX
TLC
TV8
TV8,5 |
| History | |
| Launched | 10 November 1996 (1996-11-10) |
| Links | |
| Website | ntv.com.tr |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Streaming media | |
| ntv.com.tr | ntv.com.tr/canli-yayin |
|  | |


title: WDR33

abstract: WD repeat-containing protein 33 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR33 gene. This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene is highly expressed in testis and the protein is localized to the nucleus. This gene may play important roles in the mechanisms of cytodifferentiation and/or DNA recombination. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

text:
# WDR33

**WD repeat-containing protein 33** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *WDR33* gene.

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene is highly expressed in testis and the protein is localized to the nucleus. This gene may play important roles in the mechanisms of cytodifferentiation and/or DNA recombination. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| WDR33 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | WDR33, NET14, WDC146, WD repeat domain 33 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 618082; MGI: 1921570; HomoloGene: 56807; GeneCards: WDR33; OMA:WDR33 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001006622
NM\_001006623
NM\_018383   NM\_001170966
NM\_001170967
NM\_001170970
NM\_028866   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001006623
NP\_001006624
NP\_060853   NP\_001164437
NP\_001164438
NP\_001164441
NP\_083142   Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 127.7 – 127.81 Mb Chr 18: 31.94 – 32.04 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: WDR36

abstract: WD repeat-containing protein 36 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR36 gene. This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

text:
# WDR36

**WD repeat-containing protein 36** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *WDR36* gene.

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| WDR36 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | WDR36, GLC1G, TA-WDRP, TAWDRP, UTP21, WD repeat domain 36 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 609669; MGI: 1917819; HomoloGene: 6536; GeneCards: WDR36; OMA:WDR36 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_139281   NM\_001110015
NM\_001110016
NM\_144863   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_644810   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 111.09 – 111.13 Mb Chr 18: 32.97 – 33 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: WDR45

abstract: WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 (WIPI-4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR45 gene. Mutations in this gene cause a distinct form of Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) called Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN).

text:
# WDR45

**WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4** (WIPI-4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *WDR45* gene. Mutations in this gene cause a distinct form of *Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation* (NBIA) called **Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration** (BPAN).

## Function

WIPI-4 is a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation.

This gene *WDR45* has a pseudogene at chromosome 4q31.3. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity and full-length nature of some variants have not been determined.

## Role in disease

*De novo* loss of function mutations in *WDR45* were identified by exome sequencing in 20 patients with progressive neurodegeneration and evidence of iron on brain MRI scans. The mutations cause an X-linked dominant form of brain iron accumulation disorder now called Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). A name for the disease before the gene was identified was called static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA), though this term is no longer used.

BPAN typically causes developmental delay and epilepsy from early childhood. An unusual feature experienced by many is a tendency to overeat without feeling full. Diagnosis might be suggested by the combination of developmental delay, epilepsy, and no satiety response. A pattern of abnormality on MRI brain scans shows early swelling of the basal ganglia (globus pallidus and substantia nigra) and dentate nucleus, with later accumulation of iron in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Diagnosis is usually established by genetic testing.

There are no current treatments for BPAN, though medications and therapies can be used to treat symptoms.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| WDR45 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | WDR45, NBIA4, NBIA5, WDRX1, WIPI-4, WIPI4, JM5, WD repeat domain 45 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 300526; MGI: 1859606; HomoloGene: 48498; GeneCards: WDR45; OMA:WDR45 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_007075
NM\_001029896   NM\_001290792
NM\_001290794
NM\_001290795
NM\_172372   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001025067
NP\_009006
NP\_001025067.1   NP\_001277721
NP\_001277723
NP\_001277724
NP\_758960   Location (UCSC) Chr X: 49.07 – 49.1 Mb Chr X: 7.71 – 7.73 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: NGC 7720

abstract: NGC 7720 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus. It is located at a distance of about 380 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7720 is about 180,000 light years across. NGC 7720 is the main galaxy of Abell 2634 galaxy cluster and is a radio galaxy. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 10, 1784.

text:
# NGC 7720

**NGC 7720** is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus. It is located at a distance of about 380 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7720 is about 180,000 light years across. NGC 7720 is the main galaxy of Abell 2634 galaxy cluster and is a radio galaxy. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 10, 1784.

## Characteristics

NGC 7720 is made of a galaxy pair that is separated by 12 arcseconds. The south galaxy is the one associated with the radio source. In the centre of the galaxy lies a dust disk is visible nearly face on. The dust mass of NGC 7720 is estimated to be between 106 to 107 *M*. There is also ionized Hα+\[N II\] gas emission from the disk. NGC 7720A features too a dusty disk.

### Radio jet

NGC 7720 is a Fanaroff-Riley type I radio galaxy, and is also categorised as a wide angle tail (WAT) radio galaxy. It has two asymmetrical radio jets that emerge from the bright radio core. The core didn't exhibit variability when observed by the Very Large Array (VLA). In parsec scales, the jet is one sided features relativistic motion, about 0.6 times the speed of light, and has a northwest direction.

The northwest jet is the main one and forms a distorted plume about 5 arcminutes long, with a hotspot about 30 arcseconds from the core. The southeastern jet has a bright spot about 30 arcseconds from the core and then fans to a distorted plume that extends for 5 arcminutes. In large scales the jets appear bend, maybe due to ram pressure as the galaxy moves through the intracluster medium.

X-ray emission has been detected by the radio jet, indicating the contribution of synchroton mechanism to the creation of the jet. The radio plumes are regions with decreased X-ray emission.

The most accepted theory for the energy source of active galactic nuclei is the presence of an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The mass of the black hole in the centre of NGC 7720 is estimated to be 109.28 (1.9 billion) M based on stellar velocity dispersion or 109.26 (1.81 billion) M based on mass of the bulge.

## Nearby galaxies

NGC 7720 is the dominant galaxy in Abell 2634 galaxy cluster. It is classified as a poor galaxy cluster and has a total X-ray luminosity of (1.4±0.3)×1044 erg/s, which is considered low in relation to other similar clusters. X-ray bolometric luminosity has a central peak which corresponds to NGC 7720, while excess emission is to the southwest, perpendicularly to the radio jets.

About 118 galaxies lie within half degree from the centre of the cluster and are considered to be members of the cluster. Abell 2634 forms a pair with galaxy cluster Abell 2666, which is located 3 degrees to the east, but has lower redshift. Both clusters lie behind the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster. Abell 2622 lies behind Abell 2634, at about double the redshift.

## InfoBox

| NGC 7720 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 7720 by PanSTARRS | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Pegasus |
| Right ascension | 23h 38m 29.4s |
| Declination | +27° 01 53 |
| Redshift | 0.030221 ± 0.000047 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 9,060 ± 14 km/ |
| Distance | 385 ± 63 Mly (118 ± 19.3 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.6 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | cD;E+ pec |
| Apparent size (V) | 1.6 × 1.3 |
| Notable features | Radio galaxy |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 12716, CGCG 476-091, MCG +04-55-036, 3C 465, 4C +26.64, PGC 71985 | |


title: Naas Courthouse

abstract: Naas Courthouse is a judicial facility in Main Street, Naas, County Kildare, Ireland.

text:
# Naas Courthouse

**Naas Courthouse** is a judicial facility in Main Street, Naas, County Kildare, Ireland.

## History

The courthouse, which was designed by Sir Richard Morrison in the neoclassical style and built in ashlar stone, was completed in 1807. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with seven bays facing Main Street; the central section featured a tetrastyle portico with Doric order columns supporting an entablature and a pediment.

The building was primarily used as a facility for dispensing justice but, following the implementation of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which established county councils in every county, the Grand Jury Room also became the meeting place for Kildare County Council. After a major fire in the courthouse, the county council moved to the former St Mary's Fever Hospital in the late 1950s. The courthouse was reconstructed after the fire; it was refurbished again in the 1990s and the building continues to be used as a judicial facility.

## InfoBox

| Naas Courthouse | |
| --- | --- |
| Teach Cúirte An Nás | |
| Doorway | |
| Naas CourthouseLocation within Ireland | |
| General information | |
| Type | Courthouse |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Address | Naas, County Kildare |
| Country | Ireland |
| Coordinates | 53°13′00″N 6°39′53″W / 53.2168°N 6.6648°W / 53.2168; -6.6648 |
| Completed | 1807 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Sir Richard Morrison |
| Other information | |
| Parking | On-site |
| Public transit access | Naas Post Office bus stop (Bus Éireann routes 125, 126, 130, 139, 717, 726, 736, 817, 826, 846) |


title: Naas (valley)

abstract: Naas Valley is an area south of Canberra, Australia in the Brindabella Ranges which was first settled by Europeans in 1834. The watershed of Naas Creek forms the southern and south-eastern boundary of the Australian Capital Territory, as specified in the Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909. The first European settler of the Naas Valley was William Herbert who was a squatter. However, by 1848 Herbert was granted 2428 hectares of land on a leasehold basis. The area is now mostly part of Namadgi National Park.

text:
# Naas (valley)

35°37′59″S 149°04′01″E / 35.633°S 149.067°E / -35.633; 149.067

**Naas Valley** is an area south of Canberra, Australia in the Brindabella Ranges which was first settled by Europeans in 1834. The watershed of **Naas Creek** forms the southern and south-eastern boundary of the Australian Capital Territory, as specified in the Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909.

The first European settler of the Naas Valley was William Herbert who was a squatter. However, by 1848 Herbert was granted 2428 hectares of land on a leasehold basis.

The area is now mostly part of Namadgi National Park.

1. Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909, austlii
2. *Exploring the ACT and Southeast New South Wales*, J. Kay McDonald, Kangaroo Press, Sydney, 1985 ISBN 0-86417-049-1


title: Gyula Gózon

abstract: Gyula Gózon was a Hungarian actor and comedian.

text:
# Gyula Gózon

**Gyula Gózon** (19 April 1885  8 October 1972) was a Hungarian actor and comedian.

## Life

Gyula Gózon was born on 19 April 1885, in Érsekújvár, but grew up in Esztergom. With the mentoring of his brother, he could fulfill his dream of learning to be a singer actor at the actor school of Szidi Rákosi in Budapest. After graduating, he joins a group touring the southern part of the country, often working under harsh conditions, changing location and repertory often. During this period he has the chance to polish his prosaic capabilities, one that was omitted in Rákosi's school. After playing in Târgu Mureş and Miercurea Ciuc, he gains the attention of Miklós Erdélyi, the director of Oradea's theater, who offers him contract in 1904. He plays here for six years, and befriends Gyula Kabos, forming a lifelong comradeship, and comedic duo. In 1912 Endre Nagy offers him to join his newly forming Cabaret (Apolló theatre) in Budapest, followed by years working in the Népopera and Király Theatre. Gózon accepted his first movie role in 1914 (the silent film *A becsapott újságíró*), appearing nearly a hundred during his lifetime. In 1917 he marries Lili Berky, with whom he starts the Muskátli Cabaret, often appearing on stage together. After the venture failed in 1920, he joins the Belvárosi Theatre in 1927, followed by the Új Theatre two years later.

With Gyula Kabos he gets a role in *Kék Bálvány*, Hungary's first major motion picture, and like his mate, Gózon quickly becomes a much used actor of the emerging movie industry, appearing in the first hits of Budapest's theatres, like *Hyppolit a lakáj* or *Meseautó*. In 1935, along with his wife, he is contracted to the National Theatre). On the account of Jew-laws, he is banned from work in 1941, followed by years of hiding in his Rákosliget home during World War II. In 1945 Gózon re-joins the National Theatre, enjoying a second flowering of his career for a decade. After his wife's death in 1958, the health of the now 73-year-old actor began to fail, and seven years after his last appearance in the National Theatre, he died on 8 October 1972.

## Legacy

Gyula Gózon is one of the few entertainers who could be successful and active all along the years of the Monarchy, the Horthy regime, and the Communist rule. Throughout his long career, he appeared in over 90 movies (including silent ones), and was both a pioneer and master of the Hungarian Cabaret. He received the Kossuth Prize in 1954. His former home in Rákosliget is now home to the Gózon Gyula Repertory Theater, opened in 2005.

## Filmography

## Sources

* Bálint, Lajos. *Mind csak Színház*. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1975. ISBN 978-963-15-0258-9
* Gyula Gózon in the Hungarian Theatrical Lexicon (György, Székely. *Magyar Színházművészeti Lexikon*. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994. ISBN 978-963-05-6635-3), freely available on mek.oszk.hu

## InfoBox

| Gyula Gózon | |
| --- | --- |
| Gózon c.1917 | |
| Born | 19 April 1885 (1885-04-19)
Érsekújvár, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 8 October 1972(1972-10-08) (aged 87)
Budapest, Hungary |


title: WINV

abstract: WINV was a radio station broadcasting a classic hits music format, simulcasting WXOF 96.3 FM Yankeetown, Florida. Formerly licensed to Beverly Hills, Florida, United States, and originally licensed to Inverness, the station was owned by WGUL-FM, Inc. and featured programming from Citadel Media and Dial Global. WINV went silent on October 9, 2011. On September 4, 2012, the station's owners submitted the license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for cancellation, saying they had no plans to return the station to the air. The FCC cancelled the station's license and deleted the WINV call sign from the FCC database.

text:
# WINV

**WINV** (1560 AM, "Classic Hits the Fox") was a radio station broadcasting a classic hits music format, simulcasting WXOF 96.3 FM Yankeetown, Florida. Formerly licensed to Beverly Hills, Florida, United States, and originally licensed to Inverness, the station was owned by WGUL-FM, Inc. and featured programming from Citadel Media and Dial Global.

WINV went silent on October 9, 2011. On September 4, 2012, the station's owners submitted the license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for cancellation, saying they had no plans to return the station to the air. The FCC cancelled the station's license and deleted the WINV call sign from the FCC database.

## InfoBox

DWINV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1560 kHz |
| Branding | *Classic Hits the Fox* |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Defunct (formerly Classic Hits, WXOF simulcast) |
| Affiliations | Citadel Media, Dial Global |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | WGUL-FM, Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | 1966 |
| Last air date | October 9, 2011 |
| Former call signs | WYSE (1966–1984)
WKIQ (1984–1987)
WINV (1987–2012) |
| Call sign meaning | **INV**erness, Florida |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 34560 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 5,000 watts day
4,100 watts critical hours |
| Transmitter coordinates | 28°50′30.00″N 82°22′16.00″W / 28.8416667°N 82.3711111°W / 28.8416667; -82.3711111 |


title: WRPN-FM

abstract: WRPN-FM, was a student-run College radio station at Ripon College. Licensed to Ripon, Wisconsin, the station was owned by Ripon College. WRPN-FM was the result of efforts spearheaded by speech instructor Howard Hanson. According to a profile of the radio station in Ripon Magazine, Hanson presented a prospectus for a student-run radio station to college administrators in 1955. He wanted an organization that would serve "as a public voice of the College and as a student-training laboratory." He wanted a "truly educational station," one that did not compete program-wise with the commercial radio stations serving the Ripon area. By the fall of 1956, a group of students had secured equipment and expertise in AM closed carrier circuit system broadcasting to begin to offer programming on 570 on the AM dial. The service was offered through phone lines. It was only available in the dorms. The studio was located in what was known as Tracey House on the corner of Thorne and Ransom Streets in Ripon. The experiment had its up and downs, with a letter authored by station management in the fall of 1960 and distributed to students, faculty, and administrators declaring the station dead due to technical difficulties and staffing issues. Months later, a group of students had revived the organization and the station was back on the air. The FCC granted the College's request for a low-powered educational FM radio station in November 1960. WRPN-FM signed on in February 1961, thanks to donated equipment. By this time, the station's studios had moved to Middle Hall. A 110-foot tower was constructed behind the building. The station operated at 10-watt power. The FM signal allowed the entire campus and Ripon community to hear the station's programming. In the years that followed, there were many noteworthy ebbs and flows. The highs included 24-hour music and entertainment programming, the expansion of live coverage of sports and campus events, and several awards for broadcast excellence. The lows included unreliable technology, less student interest, and battles with administrators over control and programming. In its final years, the station's studios were located on the top level of the Harwood Memorial Union. The station's tower was located outside that building. A 2004 article in the Ripon College Days stated the FCC had granted approval for the station to increase its operating to power to 550 watts, but that power increase never happened. In September 2014, the broadcast license for WRPN-FM was returned by the College and deleted by the FCC. Despite losing its FCC license, WRPN now operates as an online streaming radio station.

text:
# WRPN-FM

**WRPN-FM** (90.1 FM), was a student-run College radio station at Ripon College. Licensed to Ripon, Wisconsin, the station was owned by Ripon College.

WRPN-FM was the result of efforts spearheaded by speech instructor Howard Hanson. According to a profile of the radio station in Ripon Magazine, Hanson presented a prospectus for a student-run radio station to college administrators in 1955. He wanted an organization that would serve "as a public voice of the College and as a student-training laboratory." He wanted a "truly educational station," one that did not compete program-wise with the commercial radio stations serving the Ripon area.

By the fall of 1956, a group of students had secured equipment and expertise in AM closed carrier circuit system broadcasting to begin to offer programming on 570 on the AM dial. The service was offered through phone lines. It was only available in the dorms. The studio was located in what was known as Tracey House on the corner of Thorne and Ransom Streets in Ripon.

The experiment had its up and downs, with a letter authored by station management in the fall of 1960 and distributed to students, faculty, and administrators declaring the station dead due to technical difficulties and staffing issues. Months later, a group of students had revived the organization and the station was back on the air.

The FCC granted the College's request for a low-powered educational FM radio station in November 1960. WRPN-FM signed on in February 1961, thanks to donated equipment.

By this time, the station's studios had moved to Middle Hall (now known as Smith Hall). A 110-foot tower was constructed behind the building. The station operated at 10-watt power. The FM signal allowed the entire campus and Ripon community to hear the station's programming.

In the years that followed, there were many noteworthy ebbs and flows. The highs included 24-hour music and entertainment programming, the expansion of live coverage of sports and campus events, and several awards for broadcast excellence. The lows included unreliable technology, less student interest, and battles with administrators over control and programming.

In its final years, the station's studios were located on the top level of the Harwood Memorial Union. The station's tower was located outside that building.

A 2004 article in the Ripon College Days stated the FCC had granted approval for the station to increase its operating to power to 550 watts, but that power increase never happened.

In September 2014, the broadcast license for WRPN-FM was returned by the College and deleted by the FCC. Despite losing its FCC license, WRPN now operates as an online streaming radio station.

## InfoBox

WRPN-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 90.1 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Student radio |
| Affiliations | None |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | None |
| History | |
| First air date | 1961 |
| Last air date | 2014 |
| Former call signs | None |
| Call sign meaning | RiPoN |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 65450 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 230 watts |
| HAAT | 44 meters (144 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°50′37″N 88°50′31″W / 43.84361°N 88.84194°W / 43.84361; -88.84194 |
| Links | |
| Website | riponmedia.com/wrpn-radio/ |


title: WRPP

abstract: WRPP is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Manistique, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 2004. WRPP's transmitter is located off of County Road 442 just north of the town of Cooks, Michigan in the southwestern corner of Schoolcraft County. The station transmits its signal from an antenna 772 feet high with an effective radiated power of 24,500 watts and can be heard from St. Ignace all the way to Escanaba and Marquette in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. WPIQ first began broadcasting in 2004 under the frequency of 99.9 FM. In November 2007, the frequency was changed to 92.7 FM. In 2010 the station raised its power, enabling it to be heard over much more of the Upper Peninsula and across the lake in northern Lower Michigan. In June 2013, after changing its call sign from WPIQ to WRPP, the station changed format from talk to classic rock, simulcasting WRUP 98.3 FM Palmer, Michigan. Programming is derived from Cumulus Media's The Classic Rock Experience format. WRUP serves the Marquette area while WRPP provides a strong signal to the Escanaba area.

text:
# WRPP

**WRPP** (92.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Manistique, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 2004. WRPP's transmitter is located off of County Road 442 just north of the town of Cooks, Michigan in the southwestern corner of Schoolcraft County. The station transmits its signal from an antenna 772 feet high with an effective radiated power of 24,500 watts and can be heard from St. Ignace all the way to Escanaba and Marquette in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

WPIQ first began broadcasting in 2004 under the frequency of 99.9 FM. In November 2007, the frequency was changed to 92.7 FM. In 2010 the station raised its power, enabling it to be heard over much more of the Upper Peninsula and across the lake in northern Lower Michigan.

In June 2013, after changing its call sign from WPIQ to WRPP, the station changed format from talk to classic rock, simulcasting WRUP 98.3 FM Palmer, Michigan. Programming is derived from Cumulus Media's The Classic Rock Experience format. WRUP serves the Marquette area while WRPP provides a strong signal to the Escanaba area.

45°58′01″N 86°29′17″W / 45.967°N 86.488°W / 45.967; -86.488

## InfoBox

WRPP
| Simulcasting WRUP Palmer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Escanaba, Michigan and Manistique, Michigan |
| Frequency | 92.7 MHz |
| Branding | *Real Classic Rock, Coast to Coast* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic rock |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Todd Mohr * (Aurora Media, LLC) |
| Sister stations | WYKX WDBC |
| History | |
| First air date | 2004 (as WPIQ at 99.9) |
| Former call signs | WPIQ (2001–2013) |
| Former frequencies | 99.9 MHz (2004–2007) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 88444 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 51,000 watts |
| HAAT | 243 meters (797 ft) |
| Translator(s) | W254AG (98.7 MHz, Escanaba) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | escanabaradiogroup.com |


title: Guy Pedroncini

abstract: Guy Pedroncini (1924–2006) was a French academic and military historian specialising in the First World War, and notable as the biographer of Philippe Pétain and for his work on the French army mutinies of 1917. He was born in Paris on 17 May 1924 and died on 11 July 2006, at the age of 82. An alumnus of the prestigious École Normale Supérieure at Saint-Cloud, Pedroncini worked as a high school teacher in lycées in Tours and in Courbevoie while working on his doctoral thesis. This thesis, on the French army mutinies of 1917, was published in 1967 and was the first to provide detailed statistical analysis of more than 600 courts martial, based on his then unprecedented access to the French military justice archives. Between 1969 and his retirement in 1992, Pedroncini held professorial and decanal posts at the universities of the Sorbonne, Panthéon-Sorbonne in Paris and the University of Maine, Le Mans. He was director of the Institut d'Histoire des conflits contemporains, from 1983 to 1995, and publisher of the Revue des guerres mondiales et des conflits contemporains from 1985 to 1997.

text:
# Guy Pedroncini

**Guy Pedroncini** (1924–2006) was a French academic and military historian specialising in the First World War, and notable as the biographer of Philippe Pétain and for his work on the French army mutinies of 1917. He was born in Paris on 17 May 1924 and died on 11 July 2006, at the age of 82.

An alumnus of the prestigious École Normale Supérieure at Saint-Cloud, Pedroncini worked as a high school teacher in lycées in Tours and in Courbevoie while working on his doctoral thesis. This thesis, on the French army mutinies of 1917, was published in 1967 and was the first to provide detailed statistical analysis of more than 600 courts martial, based on his then unprecedented access to the French military justice archives. Between 1969 and his retirement in 1992, Pedroncini held professorial and decanal posts at the universities of the Sorbonne, Panthéon-Sorbonne in Paris and the University of Maine, Le Mans. He was director of the *Institut d'Histoire des conflits contemporains*, from 1983 to 1995, and publisher of the *Revue des guerres mondiales et des conflits contemporains* from 1985 to 1997.

## Bibliography

* *Les Mutineries de 1917* \[1967\] Presses Universitaires de France (Series: *Publications de la Sorbonne*) (Reprinted 1999). ISBN 978-2-13-047375-6
* *1917, les mutineries de l'armée française*. Julliard (1968).
* *Les Négociations secrètes pendant la Grande Guerre*. Paris: Flammarion (1969).
* *Le Haut Commandement français et la conduite de la guerre 1917-1918*. Paris: Flammarion (1971).
* *Pétain, général en chef 1917-1918* \[1974\]. Presses Universitaires de France (1997). ISBN 978-2-13-048429-5
* *Pétain, le soldat et la gloire*. Paris: Perrin (1989). ISBN 2-262-00628-8
* *Journal du Maréchal Joffre*. Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre (1990). ISBN 978-2-86323-065-7
* *Pétain, la victoire perdue 1918-1940*. Paris: Perrin (1995). ISBN 978-2-262-01083-6
* *Histoire militaire de la France. Tome 3*. Quadrige (1995). ISBN 978-2-13-048908-5
* *Des étoiles et des croix*. Economica (1995). ISBN 978-2-7178-2810-8
* *L'émergence des armes nouvelles 1914-1918* (with Claude Carlier). Economica (1997) (Series: *Hautes études militaires*) ISBN 978-2-7178-3309-6
* *La bataille de Verdun* (with Claude Carlier). Economica (1997). ISBN 978-2-7178-3254-9
* *Pétain, le soldat 1914-1940*. Perrin (1998). ISBN 978-2-262-01386-8
* *Les poilus ont la parole* (with Jean Nicot and André Bach). Éditions Complexe (1998). ISBN 978-2-87027-728-7
* *La Grande Guerre d'un lieutenant d'artillerie. Carnets de guerre de 1914 à 1919* (with Pierre Grison). L'Harmattan (2000). ISBN 978-2-7384-7810-8
* *La défense sous la troisième république, 1 : Vaincre la défaite, 1872-1881. 1. Armée de terre* (2000). Pub: Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre. ISBN 978-2-86323-051-0


title: Gôh

abstract: Gôh Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Gôh-Djiboua District. The region's seat is Gagnoa and its area is 7327 km². At the 2021 census, the region had a population of 985,282.

text:
# Gôh

**Gôh Region** is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Gôh-Djiboua District. The region's seat is Gagnoa and its area is 7327 km². At the 2021 census, the region had a population of 985,282.

## History

From 2000 until the 2011 administrative reorganisation of the subdivisions of Ivory Coast, the territory that is now Gôh constituted the first-level division Fromager Region. At the reorganisation, the territory was renamed Gôh and combined with Lôh-Djiboua to form the new first-level division Gôh-Djiboua District.

## Departments

Gôh Region is currently divided into two departments: Gagnoa and Oumé.

6°8′N 5°56′W / 6.133°N 5.933°W / 6.133; -5.933

## InfoBox

| Gôh Region *Région du Gôh* | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | |
| Location of Gôh Region in Ivory Coast | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Gôh-Djiboua |
| Established | 2011 |
| Regional seat | Gagnoa |
| Government | |
| Prefect | Rémi N'Zi Kanga |
| Council President | Joachim Djédjé Bagnon |
| Area | |
| Total | 6,890 km2 (2,660 sq mi) |
| Population (2021 census) | |
| Total | 985,282 |
| Density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: NIEM conformance

text:
# NIEM conformance

The National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) is the result of a collaborative effort by the United States Department of Justice and Department of Homeland Security to produce a set of common, well-defined data elements to be used for data exchange development and harmonization.

## Introduction

NIEM is a *reference model*. This means it is not a rigid standard that must be used exactly as it is in its entirety. NIEM was designed as a core set of building blocks that are used as a consistent baseline for creating exchange documents and transactions across government. While an XML Schema rendering of the entire model exists, it is not a requirement for **NIEM conformance** that this entire schema be used for validation. Nonetheless, there are several conformance requirements.

The goal of NIEM conformance is for the sender and receiver of information to share a common, unambiguous understanding of the meaning of that information. Conformance to NIEM ensures that a basic core set of information (the NIEM components) is well understood and carries the same consistent meaning across various communities. The result enables a level of interoperability to occur that would be unachievable with the proliferation of custom schemas and dictionaries.

These conformance rules serve as guidelines for any agency utilizing the NIEM to implement their information sharing exchanges. Grantees that are developing inter-agency XML-based exchanges must comply with the special condition language contained in the grant, and follow the associated NIEM implementation guidelines outlined below.

## Conformance rules

The rules for NIEM conformance are as follows:

1. Instances must validate against the set of NIEM reference schemas. Schemas conformant to the NIEM must import and reference the NIEM Schema namespace they need to use (NIEM Core, Justice, etc.) or a correct NIEM Schema subset. Note that importing the NIEM Justice Domain namespace will cascade to importing NIEM Core. Also, note that if an instance validates against a correct subset of the NIEM reference schemas, then it will validate against the NIEM reference schemas.
2. If the appropriate component (type, element, attribute, etc.) required for an IEPD exists in the NIEM, use that component. Do not create a duplicate component of one that already exists.
3. Be semantically consistent. Use NIEM components in accordance with their definitions. Do not use a NIEM element to encapsulate data other than what its definition describes.
4. Follow the *Information Exchange Package Documentation* (IEPD) Development Lifecycle as described in the IEPD Requirements and define all required artifacts at each step.
5. Adhere to the NIEM Naming and Design Rules (NDR) to ensure correct, consistent schema development.

## Assistance in developing NIEM-conformant schemas

Further guidance on the proper development of conformant exchange schemas is provided in part by the NIEM Concept of Operations (ConOps) and NIEM Naming and Design Rules. These concepts are still being developed as NIEM continues to grow and mature. For an example of how the Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative has developed a user guide for the Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM), and for links to all other information related to the justice-specific model, visit the Global Justice XML Data Model website.

In addition to document support, tools are also provided to help simplify conformance when developing exchanges. The NIEM Schema Subset Generation Tool (SSGT), along with others, is built to ensure conformant subsets and development without requiring implementers to have detailed knowledge of the formal Naming and Design Rules. Additionally tools such as the CAM toolkit can check schema for NDR conformance, compare to NIEM dictionary and report potential interoperability issues. The NIEM IEPD Lifecycle and other best practice models for developing exchanges take full advantage of these tools to help ensure consistent design and development.

## Additional remarks about conformance

*Information Exchange Packages* (IEPs) and the IEPDs that define them conform to the NIEM; systems do not. The way data is labeled or used in one system does not impact NIEM conformance. Conformance depends upon how data is packaged as XML for an information exchange to be shared between two or more systems.

Use of some components of the NIEM to exchange information with other agencies does not guarantee conformance to NIEM. Users should be careful to avoid violating conformance Rule 2, listed above. An information exchange either conforms to NIEM or it does not.

## Grant recipients

To support government-wide information sharing, all recipients of grants for projects implementing information exchange capabilities using XML technology are required to use the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) in accordance with these Implementation Guidelines. Grantees are further required to assemble, register and make available without restriction all IEPDs and related artifacts generated as a result of the grant to the component registry. Assembly of NIEM IEPDs within the NIEM IEPD Tool is optional. However, NIEM IEPDs must be assembled in accordance with the (MPD) Specification as specified by the NIEM Program Management Office, and must be registered in the IEPD Clearinghouse.

Organizations not receiving federal funding to use NIEM are also encouraged to register their IEPDs in the IEPD Clearinghouse. This will facilitate interoperability of information systems and will enhance effective sharing of critical information.


title: NIE (resistance)

abstract: NIE was a Polish anticommunist resistance organisation formed in 1943. Its main goal was the struggle against the Soviet Union after 1944. NIE was one of the best hidden structures of Armia Krajowa, active until 7 May 1945. Its commanders were Generals Leopold Okulicki and Emil August Fieldorf. One of the first members of the organisation was Witold Pilecki. Origins of the organization date back to the second half of 1943, when on September 27, the Polish government-in-exile stated that conspirational activities should be maintained during the possible Soviet occupation of the country. Organization, statutes and structure of NIE was created by high-ranking officers of the Home Army, and among those involved were General Tadeusz Komorowski, and Polish Commander in Chief, General Kazimierz Sosnkowski. Members of NIE were carefully selected, and ordered to break their ties with soldiers of the Home Army. In May 1944, General Leopold Okulicki was named commander of NIE. The organization however failed to achieve its objectives, due to the Warsaw Uprising and Operation Tempest, which took place in the summer of 1944. Its structures were disorganized, and there was no communication with branches located east of the German-Soviet frontline. Most officers of NIE took part in the Warsaw Uprising, and after its capitulation were captured by the Wehrmacht. On November 22, 1944, General Okulicki was ordered to create a conspirational network in Eastern Borderlands, but his efforts failed. On January 16, 1945, a meeting of General Okulicki, General Fieldorf, Jan Stanislaw Jankowski and Stanislaw Jasiukowicz took place in Kraków. On March 7, however, Fieldorf was arrested by the NKVD, and sent to Siberia. On March 27, the Soviets arrested Okulicki. After these arrests, NIE was briefly commanded by Colonel Antoni Sanojca, who, with permission of General Wladyslaw Anders, dissolved it on May 7, 1945. According to its statutes, NIE was an organization aimed at long-term anti-Communist activities. It concentrated on self-defense, propaganda, and gathering information, also about the morale of soldiers of both the Red Army, and the Armia Ludowa. NIE did not plan any guerilla activity.

text:
# NIE (resistance)

**NIE** (Polish: \[ˈɲɛ\]; short for *niepodległość* 'independence', and also meaning 'no') was a Polish anticommunist resistance organisation formed in 1943. Its main goal was the struggle against the Soviet Union after 1944 (see Soviet occupation of Poland). NIE was one of the best hidden structures of Armia Krajowa, active until 7 May 1945. Its commanders were Generals Leopold Okulicki and Emil August Fieldorf. One of the first members of the organisation was Witold Pilecki.

Origins of the organization date back to the second half of 1943, when on September 27, the Polish government-in-exile stated that conspirational activities should be maintained during the possible Soviet occupation of the country. Organization, statutes and structure of NIE was created by high-ranking officers of the Home Army, and among those involved were General Tadeusz Komorowski, and Polish Commander in Chief, General Kazimierz Sosnkowski. Members of NIE were carefully selected, and ordered to break their ties with soldiers of the Home Army.

In May 1944, General Leopold Okulicki was named commander of NIE. The organization however failed to achieve its objectives, due to the Warsaw Uprising and Operation Tempest, which took place in the summer of 1944. Its structures were disorganized, and there was no communication with branches located east of the German-Soviet frontline. Most officers of NIE took part in the Warsaw Uprising, and after its capitulation were captured by the Wehrmacht. On November 22, 1944, General Okulicki was ordered to create a conspirational network in Eastern Borderlands, but his efforts failed. On January 16, 1945, a meeting of General Okulicki, General Fieldorf, Jan Stanislaw Jankowski and Stanislaw Jasiukowicz took place in Kraków. On March 7, however, Fieldorf was arrested by the NKVD, and sent to Siberia. On March 27, the Soviets arrested Okulicki (see Trial of the Sixteen). After these arrests, NIE was briefly commanded by Colonel Antoni Sanojca, who, with permission of General Wladyslaw Anders, dissolved it on May 7, 1945.

According to its statutes, NIE was an organization aimed at long-term anti-Communist activities. It concentrated on self-defense, propaganda, and gathering information, also about the morale of soldiers of both the Red Army, and the Armia Ludowa. NIE did not plan any guerilla activity.


title: Kentucky Route 3155

abstract: Kentucky Route 3155 (KY 3155), also known as the William Thomason Byway, or known locally as the Leitchfield Bypass, is a 4.697-mile-long (7.559 km) state route located entirely in central Grayson County in north-central Kentucky. Both of this road's termini are intersections with KY 259 on the north and south sides of Leitchfield as it is a partial beltway around the city.

text:
# Kentucky Route 3155

**Kentucky Route 3155** (**KY 3155**), also known as the **William Thomason Byway**, or known locally as the **Leitchfield Bypass**, is a 4.697-mile-long (7.559 km) state route located entirely in central Grayson County in north-central Kentucky. Both of this road's termini are intersections with KY 259 on the north and south sides of Leitchfield as it is a partial beltway around the city.

## Route description

KY 3155 starts on the south side of Leitchfield near the Twin Lakes Regional Medical Center. It intersects KY 1214, U.S. Route 62 (US 62), and then KY 920 on the northeast side of town. It ends on the north side of Leitchfield at the second junction with KY 259.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Leitchfield, Grayson County.

| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0.000 | 0.000 |
KY 259 (South Main Street) to Western Kentucky Parkway / West Lake Drive | Southern terminus; continues as West Lake Drive beyond KY 259 |
| 1.869 | 3.008 | KY 1214 (Grayson Springs Road) |  |
| 2.627 | 4.228 | US 62 (Elizabethtown Road) |  |
| 3.487 | 5.612 | KY 920 (Salt River Road) |  |
| 4.697 | 7.559 | KY 259 (Brandenburg Road) | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Kentucky Route 3155KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Kentucky Route 3155 | |
| --- | --- |
| William Thomason Byway | |
| KY 3155 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by KYTC | |
| Length | 4.697 mi (7.559 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | KY 259 / West Lake Drive in Leitchfield |
| Major intersections | KY 1214 in Leitchfield
US 62 in Leitchfield

KY 920 in Leitchfield |
| North end | KY 259 in Leitchfield |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| Counties | Grayson |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Kentucky State Highway System** | |
| KY 3154   KY 3156 | |


title: The Shepheardes Calender

abstract:
The Shepheardes Calender was Edmund Spenser's first major poetic work, published in 1579. In emulation of Virgil's first work, the Eclogues, Spenser wrote this series of pastorals at the commencement of his career. However, Spenser's models were rather the Renaissance eclogues of Mantuanus. The title, like the entire work, is written using deliberately archaic spellings, in order to suggest a connection to medieval literature, and to Geoffrey Chaucer in particular. Spenser dedicated the poem to Philip Sidney.
The poem introduces Colin Clout, a folk character originated by John Skelton, and depicts his life as a shepherd through the twelve months of the year. The Calender encompasses considerable formal innovations, anticipating the even more virtuosic Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, the classic pastoral romance by Sir Philip Sidney, with whom Spenser was acquainted. It is also remarkable for the extensive commentary or gloss included with the work in its first publication, ascribed to an "E.K." E.K. is an intelligent, very subtle, sometimes wrong, and often deeply ironic commentator, who is sometimes assumed to be an alias of Spenser himself. The term sarcasm (Sarcasmus) is first recorded in English in Spenser's poem (October).

text:
# The Shepheardes Calender

***The Shepheardes Calender*** (originally titled *The Shepheardes Calendar, Conteyning twelve Aeglogues proportionable to the Twelve monthes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertuous Gentleman most worthy of all titles both of learning and chevalrie M. Philip Sidney)* was Edmund Spenser's first major poetic work, published in 1579. In emulation of Virgil's first work, the *Eclogues*, Spenser wrote this series of pastorals at the commencement of his career. However, Spenser's models were rather the Renaissance eclogues of Mantuanus. The title, like the entire work, is written using deliberately archaic spellings, in order to suggest a connection to medieval literature, and to Geoffrey Chaucer in particular. Spenser dedicated the poem to Philip Sidney. The poem introduces Colin Clout, a folk character originated by John Skelton, and depicts his life as a shepherd through the twelve months of the year. The *Calender* encompasses considerable formal innovations, anticipating the even more virtuosic *Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia* (The "Old" *Arcadia,* 1580), the classic pastoral romance by Sir Philip Sidney, with whom Spenser was acquainted. It is also remarkable for the extensive commentary or gloss included with the work in its first publication, ascribed to an "E.K." E.K. is an intelligent, very subtle, sometimes wrong, and often deeply ironic commentator, who is sometimes assumed to be an alias of Spenser himself. The term sarcasm (Sarcasmus) is first recorded in English in Spenser's poem (October).

## Interpretation

The twelve eclogues of *The Shepheardes Calender,* dealing with such themes as the abuses of the church, Colin's shattered love for Rosalind, praise for Queen Elizabeth, and encomia to the rustic Shepherd's life, are titled for the months of the year. Each eclogue is preceded by a woodcut and followed by a motto describing the speaker. The opening line of each eclogue expresses characteristics of the month, and the poem as a whole charts common accuracy of the seasons, the toil and celebrations of the village year. The precision of the description of birds, flowers, and harvests is balanced by an underlying theme of the hardships and rituals that each season entails. Each pastoral in the poem can be classified into one of three categories, identified as moral, plaintive, or re-creative.

The plaintive and re-creative poems are each devoted to presenting Colin Clout in his double character of lover and poet, whereas the moral poems are mixed with mocking bitterness, which moves Colin from a dramatic personae to a more homely style. While the January pastoral tells of the unhappy love of Colin for Rosalind, the springtime of April calls for a song in praise of Elizabeth. In May, the shepherds, who are rival pastors of the Reformation, end their sermons with an animal fable. In summer, they discourse on Puritan theology. October brings them to contemplate the trials and disappointments of a poet, and the series ends with a parable comparing life to the four seasons of the year.

## Form and style

*The Shepheardes Calender* is a poem that consists of twelve eclogues. Each eclogue is named after a different month, which represents the turning of seasons. An eclogue is a short pastoral poem that is in the form of a dialogue or soliloquy. This is why, while the months come together to form a whole year, each month can also stand alone as a separate poem. The months are all written in a different form. For example, April has a lyrical "laye" which honors the Queen. May gives off characterization and greater description. As the reader passes through each month and gets closer to the end of the year, the wording becomes less beautifully lyrical and more straightforward; closing together the poem the way the month of December closes up the year. Spenser uses rhyme differently in each month. There is a very cyclical pattern that shows off the kind of style that Spenser was going for, making the reader feel as though they are going through the cycle of each year just as the narrator does. The months all have repetition of elements and arguments. The style of the poem is also influenced by writers such as Chaucer and Skelton.

## Influence

Edmund Spenser's involvement with the Earl of Leicester set the groundwork for the influential effect that *The Shepheardes Calender* would have. A year after working together, the two of them, joined by Sir Philip Sidney, Edward Dyer, and Fulke Greville, created the literary group called "Areopagus". The group they formed supported Leicester's views on religion and politics (Bear). When *The Shepheardes Calender*, which was Spenser's first ever published piece, was published it was around the same time that Leicester proposed marriage between the Queen and the Duc d'Alençon.

The poem served as a type of propaganda to the proposal. Spenser recognized that the poem was for his own financial and political gains, but it also sets the idea of standing behind one's work. The work was a success; between 1579 and 1597 five editions were published. One thing that separates the poem from others of its time is Spenser's use of allegory and his dependence on the idea of antiquity. The poem also set the groundwork for Spenser's best known work *The Faerie Queene*. *The Shepheardes Calender* was also crucial to the naturalization of the English language and the introduction of vocabulary along with literary techniques.

The Irish composer Ina Boyle first drafted her *Colin Clout*, "a pastoral for orchestra for orchestra after the first aeglogue of Spenser's *Shepheard's Calender*", in 1921 and revised it in 1923.

1. Daiches, David (1960). *A critical history of English literature*. Internet Archive (3rd ed.). New York, Ronald Press Co. p. 166.
2. Hughes, Merritt Yerkes (1929). *Virgil and Spenser*. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
3. Johnson, Lynn Staley (2010). *The Shepheardes Calender: An Introduction*. University Park: Penn State Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0271041001.
4. Edmund Spenser (May 1996). Risa Stephanie Bearm (ed.). "Shepheardes Calender". *Renascence Editions*. University of Oregon  via luminarium.org.
5. R. S. Bear, Introduction to *The Shepheardes Calender*
6. Edmund Spenser (1890). Heinrich Oskar Sommer (ed.). *The Shepheardes Calender*. London: John C. Nimmo. pp. 11–13.
7. Trinity College, Dublin

## Further reading

## Translations

* D. N. Zhatkin (ed.). *Пастуший календарь* \[*Astushi calendar*\]. Translation by Sergei Alexandrovsky. Moscow: Nauka. Eclogues I-X : no. IV, 2015; eclogues XI—XII: no. V,. 2016 `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)

## InfoBox

The Shepheardes Calender
| Title page of The Shepheardes Calendar, circa 1571. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Edmund Spenser |
| Language | Early Modern English |
| Genre | Eclogue |
| Publication date | 1579 |
| Publication place | Kingdom of England |


title: Obesity Reviews

abstract: Obesity Reviews is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal, established in 2000, which publishes reviews on all obesity-related disciplines. It is the official journal of the World Obesity Federation and published on their behalf by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is David A. York.

text:
# Obesity Reviews

***Obesity Reviews*** is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal, established in 2000, which publishes reviews on all obesity-related disciplines. It is the official journal of the World Obesity Federation and published on their behalf by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is David A. York (Utah State University).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 8.483.

## InfoBox

*Obesity Reviews*
| Discipline | Obesity, nutrition science |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | David York |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2000-present |
| Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the World Obesity Federation |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Impact factor | 10.867 (2021) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Obes. Rev.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | ORBEBL |
| ISSN | 1467-7881 (print)
1467-789X (web)
 |
| LCCN | 00243319 |
| OCLC no. | 299336066 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Tottington High School

abstract: Tottington High School is a coeducational secondary school located in Tottington, Bury, England. The school opened in 1955. Previously a community school administered by Bury Metropolitan Borough Council, in November 2018 Tottington High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Shaw Education Trust.

text:
# Tottington High School

**Tottington High School** is a coeducational secondary school located in Tottington, Bury, England.

The school opened in 1955. Previously a community school administered by Bury Metropolitan Borough Council, in November 2018 Tottington High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Shaw Education Trust.

## InfoBox

| Tottington High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Laurel Street
Bury, Greater Manchester, BL8 3LY
England | |
| Coordinates | 53°36′44″N 2°20′12″W / 53.612319°N 2.336676°W / 53.612319; -2.336676 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Established | 1955 |
| Local authority | Bury |
| Trust | Shaw Education Trust |
| Department for Education URN | 146529 Tables |
| Chair of local governing body | Chris Trees |
| Head teacher | David Yates |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Enrolment | 933 |
| Website | http://www.tottington.bury.sch.uk/ |


title: Gramella portivictoriae

abstract: Gramella portivictoriae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Gramella which has been isolated from marine sediments.

text:
# Gramella portivictoriae

***Gramella portivictoriae*** is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of *Gramella* which has been isolated from marine sediments.

## InfoBox

| *Gramella portivictoriae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacteroidota |
| Class: | Flavobacteriia |
| Order: | Flavobacteriales |
| Family: | Flavobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Gramella* |
| Species: | ***G. portivictoriae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| *****Gramella portivictoriae*****<br>Lau et al. 2005 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| UST040801-001 | |


title: Gus McLaren

abstract:
Gus McLaren was an Australian artist, animator and potter. Active duty in the Australian army during World War 2 saw Gus serving in the pacific. Here he painted panels for a recreation tent for wounded Australian and allied soldiers- the work now resides at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. As part of the Occupation forces in 1946, Gus travelled to Japan to teach art to the Japanese and there he met and was interviewed by a young cartoonist, named Les Tanner who worked for BECON. The friendship endured for the next fifty years, until Les Tanner's death in 2001. After the war, Gus returned to Sydney where he worked as a cartoonist and illustrator for the Daily Telegraph and Women's Weekly before moving home to Melbourne where he worked on The Argus newspaper, as the cartoonist "Just Gus".
He began potting with Reg Preston in 1955 and was one of the founding members in 1958 of the Potters Cottage in Warrandyte, Victoria. He and his wife Betty McLaren, set up Yarraridge pottery and together and separately, the two produced an extensive body of work. This included wheel-thrown and hand-built pieces, as well as a range of slip-cast figures designed by Gus and decorated by Betty. These designs are still being used by Betty to make figures for sale from her McLaren Pottery on the New South Wales south coast. Gus McLaren has ceramic works in both public and private collections. When the Potters Cottage held its 45th anniversary in 2003, he participated in the exhibition. He also has a considerable body of work in animated films. In 1962 he directed the first animation series made for Australian television, Freddo the Frog and he was one of the animators who worked on Grendel, Grendel, Grendel, a full-length animated film retelling the Beowulf epic released in 1981. Gus McLaren died in Merimbula on 29 August 2008.

text:
# Gus McLaren

**Gus McLaren** (1923 – 29 August 2008) was an Australian artist, animator and potter.

Active duty in the Australian army during World War 2 saw Gus serving in the pacific. Here he painted panels for a recreation tent for wounded Australian and allied soldiers- the work now resides at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. As part of the Occupation forces in 1946, Gus travelled to Japan to teach art to the Japanese and there he met and was interviewed by a young cartoonist, named Les Tanner who worked for BECON ( British and Allied Forces Newspaper). The friendship endured for the next fifty years, until Les Tanner's death in 2001. After the war, Gus returned to Sydney where he worked as a cartoonist and illustrator for the Daily Telegraph and Women's Weekly before moving home to Melbourne where he worked on The Argus newspaper, as the cartoonist "Just Gus". He began potting with Reg Preston in 1955 and was one of the founding members in 1958 of the Potters Cottage in Warrandyte, Victoria. He and his wife Betty McLaren, set up Yarraridge pottery and together and separately, the two produced an extensive body of work. This included wheel-thrown and hand-built pieces, as well as a range of slip-cast figures designed by Gus and decorated by Betty. These designs are still being used by Betty to make figures for sale from her McLaren Pottery on the New South Wales south coast.

Gus McLaren has ceramic works in both public and private collections. When the Potters Cottage held its 45th anniversary in 2003, he participated in the exhibition.

He also has a considerable body of work in animated films. In 1962 he directed the first animation series made for Australian television, *Freddo the Frog* and he was one of the animators who worked on *Grendel, Grendel, Grendel*, a full-length animated film retelling the Beowulf epic released in 1981.

Gus McLaren died in Merimbula on 29 August 2008.

* *Freddo the Frog*, Fanfare films, Pty, Ltd, 1962 (National Film and Sound Archive, Title No. 138534).
* Geoff Ford, *Encyclopedia of Australian Potter's Marks*, 2nd edition, Wodonga (Victoria): Salt Glaze Press, 2002, p. 159.
* Karen Hodge, "Potters' pioneers fire up again," *Diamond valley News*, 8 October 2003, 10.
* Kenneth Hood (November 1964), "Canberra Exhibition", *Pottery in Australia*, vol. 1, no. 2, Nov 1964, p. 4. and cover illustration.
* Gus McLaren, "Bowl (1974) Ceramic, stoneware", National Gallery of Australia Collection Search (viewed 22 June 2007).
* Gus McLaren, "87/357 Bull, modelled stoneware, Gus McLaren, Australia, 1970-1972", Powerhouse Museum Collection Search 2.2 (viewed 22 June 2007).
* Michael Winkler, "Hopping back in time", *The Age (theage.com.au)*, 13 June 2002.
* Official McLaren Pottery Website, mclaren-pottery.com (viewed 30 July 2008.


title: Jon Franklin

abstract: Jon Daniel Franklin was an American writer. He was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He won the inaugural Pulitzer Prizes in two journalism categories both for his work as a science writer with the Baltimore Evening Sun. Franklin held a B.S. in journalism from the University of Maryland. He was professor emeritus of journalism at his alma mater; previously, Franklin taught creative writing at the University of Oregon and was the head of the technical journalism department at Oregon State University. He received honorary degrees from the University of Maryland in 1981 and Notre Dame de Namur University in 1982. The Canadian television film Shocktrauma is based on the book Franklin co-wrote with Alan Doelp. Working for The Baltimore Sun, Franklin won the first Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing in 1979, for covering a brain surgery, and won the first Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1985, for a series about molecular psychiatry, "The Mind Fixers". Franklin died from esophageal cancer in Annapolis, Maryland, on January 21, 2024. He was 82.

text:
# Jon Franklin

**Jon Daniel Franklin** (January 13, 1942 – January 21, 2024) was an American writer. He was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He won the inaugural Pulitzer Prizes in two journalism categories both for his work as a science writer with the *Baltimore Evening Sun*. Franklin held a B.S. in journalism from the University of Maryland. He was professor emeritus of journalism at his alma mater; previously, Franklin taught creative writing at the University of Oregon and was the head of the technical journalism department at Oregon State University. He received honorary degrees from the University of Maryland in 1981 and Notre Dame de Namur University in 1982.

The Canadian television film *Shocktrauma* is based on the book Franklin co-wrote with Alan Doelp.

Working for *The Baltimore Sun*, Franklin won the first Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing in 1979, for covering a brain surgery, and won the first Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1985, for a series about molecular psychiatry, "The Mind Fixers".

Franklin died from esophageal cancer in Annapolis, Maryland, on January 21, 2024. He was 82.

## Books

* *Shocktrauma* (1980) with Alan Doelp
* *Not Quite A Miracle* (1983) with Alan Doelp
* *Guinea Pig Doctors* (1984) with Dr. John T. Sutherland; republished in 2003 as *If I Die In The Service Of Science: The Dramatic Stories Of Medical Scientists Who Experimented On Themselves*
* *Writing for Story: Craft Secrets of a Two-Time Pulitzer Prize Winner* (1986)
* Franklin, Jon (1987). *Molecules of the mind : the brave new science of molecular psychology*. New York: Dell Pub. ISBN 0-440-50005-2. OCLC 17958586.
* *The Wolf In The Parlor: The Eternal Connection between Humans and Dogs* (2009)