title: ITV Border

abstract: ITV Border, previously Border Television and commonly referred to as simply Border, is the Channel 3 service provided by ITV Broadcasting Limited for the England/Scotland border region, covering most of Cumbria and Dumfries and Galloway, the Scottish Borders and parts of Northumberland. The TV service previously covered the Isle of Man from 26 March 1965 until 15 July 2009. Border Television was taken over by Granada plc in 2001 and a year later, as part of a network-wide re-launch, the name Border Television was dropped from on-air presentation, continuity and idents before networked programming in favour of the national ITV1 brand. The licence for the region was transferred from Border Television to ITV Broadcasting Limited in November 2008. The legal name of the company was changed on 29 December 2006 from Border Television Ltd to ITV Border Ltd. The company was dissolved on 7 February 2023. As of 25 February 2009, the regional news programme Lookaround was broadcast from the studios of ITV Tyne Tees in Gateshead with news and advertising staff based at offices in Carlisle and Edinburgh. However, on 16 September 2013, a full regional news service for the Border region was restored as part of an extensive relaunch of the station's local programming. A sub-regional service for the south of Scotland was reintroduced in January 2014.

text:
# ITV Border

**ITV Border**, previously **Border Television** and commonly referred to as simply **Border**, is the Channel 3 service provided by ITV Broadcasting Limited for the England/Scotland border region, covering most of Cumbria and Dumfries and Galloway, the Scottish Borders and parts of Northumberland. The TV service previously covered the Isle of Man from 26 March 1965 until 15 July 2009.

Border Television was taken over by Granada plc in 2001 and a year later, as part of a network-wide re-launch, the name Border Television was dropped from on-air presentation, continuity and idents before networked programming in favour of the national ITV1 brand (ITV1 Border was used before regional programming). The licence for the region was transferred from Border Television to ITV Broadcasting Limited in November 2008. The legal name of the company was changed on 29 December 2006 from Border Television Ltd to ITV Border Ltd. The company was dissolved on 7 February 2023.

As of 25 February 2009, the regional news programme *Lookaround* was broadcast from the studios of ITV Tyne Tees in Gateshead with news and advertising staff based at offices in Carlisle and Edinburgh. However, on 16 September 2013, a full regional news service for the Border region was restored as part of an extensive relaunch of the station's local programming. A sub-regional service for the south of Scotland was reintroduced in January 2014. (The third channel in the rest of Scotland is STV.)

## History

### Launch

In May 1960, the Independent Television Authority (ITA) invited applicants to provide the ITV service for the *Borders* region – an area that covered the English counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, the south of Scotland and later, the Isle of Man.

Prior to this, the ITA had moved away from the idea of *satellite stations* (companies owned by distant management as seen with Southern Television in the south of England) towards companies that had strong local ownership. The contract covered two new transmitters at Caldbeck, near Carlisle and Selkirk, near Saint Boswells in the Scottish Borders. Granada Television and ABC Weekend Television had laid a claim to providing service via Caldbeck whilst Scottish Television expressed a strong interest in Selkirk. The ITA rejected both these in favour of a new contract area and a new company to serve it – although they stipulated the area to be "marginal" in their plans and that applicants had to present a very strong business case for the area as well as the contract.

Two applications were received, one from Solway Television and another from Border Television. Border were chosen on the basis of their plans and management which was considered local but still featured names from large business (the then chairman of Reuters for example) and from the world of education.

Launch was scheduled for February 1961 but construction problems with both transmitters resulted in delays until May of that year. As this led into the summer holiday period, Border asked for a launch delay as the break would affect advertising revenue. Accordingly, Border launched on Friday 1 September 1961, the 14th ITV station to go to air.

During its first year of operation, Border made a profit unlike other regional companies in their initial year, and by its second year, it had covered its launch costs, due mainly to a 60% audience penetration in an area that, at the time, was largely ignored by the BBC. From Friday 26 March 1965, the Isle of Man was added to Border's coverage area.

### 1970s and 1980s

Initially, Border produced little for the network and concentrated on local programming, most notably its flagship local news programme *Lookaround*. Later, when ITV and the BBC were given permission to extend broadcasting hours to daytime, Border carved a niche for providing the ITV network with afternoon quizzes and light entertainment. Derek Batey, Border TV's Assistant Controller of Programmes, became the frontman for one of ITV's most popular daytime quiz shows of the 1970s and early 1980s, *Mr. and Mrs.*. (A separate version of *Mr. and Mrs.* was also produced by HTV at the same time.) Batey also presented and produced the long-running chat show *Look Who's Talking*. Meanwhile, a 15-minute music show, *The Sound of ...*, was seen across several ITV regions and featured The Spinners, British folk music band The Settlers and other similar artists.

Financial and industrial problems began to hit the company during the 1970s – a fall in net profits to just £13,587, led to job losses and a cut in programme production in September 1975. In November 1978, a dispute with the ACTT (Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians) led to 40 staff at the Durranhill studios being locked out for three weeks by management – several members of staff resorted to a sit in until the strike ended in stalemate and compromise.

By 1980, Border was again in severe financial trouble owing to a national economic downturn which affected advertising revenue on the whole ITV network, with the station losing £70,000 before tax in October 1981. The situation was deemed so serious that at one point the company considered not re-applying for its licence when it expired in December 1981 – though it would prove successful, as it did in July 1967 and October 1991. From January 1982, Border began broadcasting to south Cumbria from the Kendal transmitter which previously carried Granada. Border had lobbied the IBA for over a decade to serve the southern Lake District – a move backed by Cumbria County Council – while on the Isle of Man, officials voiced a preference to switch signals to Granada, citing inclusion in regional news coverage would benefit the tourism industry, with direct ferry links from Liverpool and Heysham.

More industrial problems were to follow in November 1982 when Border closed for a month in a dispute over new technology, which ended only after letters asking for an improvement in industrial relations were withdrawn. The dispute led to several members of management resigning – with Jim Graham moving from the BBC to become managing director and Paul Corley joining as director of programming. Graham and Corley began to transform Border by targeting a greater presence on the ITV network, despite the company's weak financial position. Graham hired Melvyn Bragg to present new programming. The launch of Channel 4 in 1982 also bolstered Border's network portfolio – providing extra finance for many of the new programmes being produced from the Carlisle studios (themselves being expanded) and commissioning to make a number of programmes, most notably *Land of the Lakes* (presented by Melvyn Bragg), a music show entitled *Bliss* (hosted by Muriel Gray) and Border's very first sitcom, *The Groovy Fellers* with Jools Holland and Rowland Rivron.

Border also expanded into children's programming during the 1980s with *The Joke Machine*, *Crush A Grape*, *Pick A Number*, *Krankies Television, BMX Beat* and contributions to Saturday morning series *Get Fresh* and *Ghost Train* (produced in conjunction with Tyne Tees Television, and others). Melvyn Bragg went on to become deputy chairman of Border Television in 1985 and its chairman in 1990. In 1996, he left the post but remained on the board.

### Opt-out services

In 1989, Border began providing a sub-regional service for Scottish Borders viewers served by the Selkirk transmitter, consisting of a short opt-out during *Lookaround* each weeknight. In April 1999, the opt-out was extended to cover Dumfries and Galloway and a dedicated Scottish news bulletin was introduced on weekday lunchtimes.

The following August, Border began to use the opt-out service to provide split coverage of sports and occasional political programming. The station also opened an Edinburgh bureau to provide coverage of the Scottish Parliament.

### Acquisition and takeover

Border was unopposed in retaining its ITV franchise in 1991, with a bid of £52,000 per year (or £1,000 per week).

In 1993, Border began its first venture into commercial radio when it was awarded the licence for a new regional radio station serving Central Scotland – Scot FM – in partnership with Grampian Television. By May 1995, Grampian had bought out Border's stake in the company.

Border's second venture was Century Radio, conceived as the second regional station for North East England, on 1 September 1994, with John Myers (a former continuity announcer) as managing director and John Simons as programming director. During the rest of the 1990s, Border launched an additional Century radio station in Manchester while holding interests in a number of other stations including Sun FM in Sunderland and Cumbria's CFM Radio, and in 1997 formed a subsidiary, Border Radio Holdings, for its radio business.

In March 2000, a takeover battle broke out between Capital Radio and Scottish Radio Holdings for Border – the latter went on to state that Border's ongoing status as a truly independent media business was no longer *a realistic option* in a consolidating industry. By April, Capital Radio had purchased the company and the following year sold Border's television assets to Granada Media Group for £50.5 million. Rumours over its future persistently dogged Border and it trod a difficult path to balance the interests of three different nations. As with many of the other ITV regional stations, a steady reduction in the range and quantity of its output continued its decline.

In July 2006, it was announced that the Berwick-upon-Tweed transmitter was to transfer to Tyne Tees as part of the preparations for the digital switchover of the Border region in 2008, and to bring Berwick into line with the rest of the North East which was scheduled to switch over to digital in 2012. The transfer took effect from 13 December 2006, although Border news programmes still carry stories about Berwick-upon-Tweed due to its proximity to the eastern Scottish Borders.

### Merger

In 2008, the United Kingdom began its five-year programme to cease analogue television broadcasts as part of the switchover to Digital television starting with Border.

Towards the end of his tenure as ITV plc executive chairman, Michael Grade began dismantling the ITV regional layout, arguing the existence of ITV Border "no longer makes sense" relative to the regional audience it serves. On 12 September 2007, Grade announced plans to close ITV Border and merge the region with ITV Tyne Tees.

On 25 September 2008, Ofcom gave ITV the go ahead to merge the Border and Tyne Tees operations from early in 2009. Following a survey of Isle of Man viewers in autumn 2008, coverage of the Isle of Man was transferred from ITV Border to ITV Granada on Thursday 16 July 2009.

ITV Border's own regional news service ceased production on Tuesday 24 February 2009, replaced by a dual-regional service the next day. The sub-regional service for southern Scotland was also closed. The main ITV Border newsroom is now based in the Kingstown area of Carlisle with reporters living and working in Carlisle, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Kendal, Selkirk and Whitehaven.

ITV Border won the RTS awards for *Best News Programme: Nations and Regions* for *Lookaround*, whilst ITV Tyne Tees & Border was nominated in three categories in February 2011.

#### Restoring a full regional service

On 23 July 2013, proposals to reintroduce a full service of news and regional programmes for the ITV Border region were approved by OFCOM. In September 2013, *Lookaround* was restored as a full half-hour programme on weekdays with shorter daytime and weekend bulletins reintroduced during the month. The programme continues to be broadcast from Gateshead with extra journalists recruited for newsgathering in the Border region, including a Scottish political editor in Edinburgh, a sports correspondent and district reporters.

ITV Border was also required to reopen its former opt-out service for southern Scotland, previously used to broadcast split news bulletins and select STV programming. A minimum of 90 minutes a week of bespoke local programming is broadcast on ITV Border Scotland while viewers in Cumbria continue to receive network output. The opt-out service was launched on Monday 6 January 2014 and initially broadcast over Freeview only, with programmes also available on the ITV Border website. From mid-March 2015, the split Border Scotland service became available to satellite viewers, replacing Border (England) in the relevant area.

## Studios

Unlike some of the new ITV stations at the time, Border constructed a purpose-built studio centre, located in Brunel Way, Carlisle. The complex contained two production studios, a small continuity studio and a film interview studio. These were converted to colour with the station and were expanded and upgraded when demand increased following the launch of Channel 4.

Following the merger of ITV Border's service with that of ITV Tyne Tees, the Border studios were closed and demolished in 2010. A new office was opened in the Kingstown area of Carlisle with a newsroom and sales offices. In 2015 a newsroom and edit suites were opened in Selkirk, where some of the southern Scotland opt-out programmes are produced. Both sites have fibre video and data links to ITV Tyne Tees in Gateshead.

ITV Border also maintains a bureau for Scottish Parliament coverage in Edinburgh with district news reporters and camera crews based locally in Dumfries, Galloway, Kendal and Whitehaven. The Edinburgh and Selkirk offices produces the southern Scotland political programme, *Representing Border*.

## Identity

Throughout its history until its rebranding as "ITV Border", Border Television used the same logo, an abstract symbol known affectionately by locals as "the chopsticks". It features a thick shape with a forker line crossing it and running either side of the shape, which divides the area into three parts, representing Scotland above the line, England below it, and the Solway Firth in the small area to the left.

The launch identity was a black caption with the white logo and "Border Television" beneath, over an announcement. The start-up routine was symbolic because of its distinctive and unchanging music and the announcement stating: "This is Border Television, coming to you from the Caldbeck, Selkirk and Richmond Hill transmitters of the Independent Television Authority." and then, "This is Border Television broadcasting to Cumbria, South Scotland, the Isle of Man and North and West Northumberland, from the Caldbeck, Selkirk and associated transmitters of the Independent Broadcasting Authority." This was replaced when colour came to the region by the same contents, contained within a rectangle on a blue background with a *Colour* caption outside the box. The colour caption was removed in the 1980s and the announcement said: "This is Border Television providing a full colour service to Cumbria, South Scotland, the Isle of Man and North and West Northumberland including Berwick-upon-Tweed, from the Caldbeck, Selkirk and associated transmitters of the Independent Broadcasting Authority."

Border finally adopted an animated ident on 1 September 1989 when they adopted the ITV Generic look. Their version was mildly well suited, as the contents of the traditional Border logo were recognisable in the "V" segment of the logo. This look was extensively used, even in the news department. Border also began to use in-vision continuity more heavily.

On 5 September 1994, the logo was updated into a 3D version, this ident features a 3D Border logo falling into place against an icy-cold cyan backdrop, which was set to the same as 1989 ITV Generic theme, and it remained for nearly 12 months until 31 August 1995. Border also to use the same in-vision continuity again.

On 1 September 1995, the logo was changed again with two different idents, a same 3D Border logo falling into place against a water-effect blue backdrop, which was set to the same tune as used previously but later played on instruments to match the water theme. In another one, with the same sequence against a backdrop of spinning discs and blue and purple colours. New music was also composed featuring deep basses. The whole effect was to make Border have an authoritative and broadcaster tone. This package remained for four years until 7 November 1999.

On 8 November 1999, Border adopted the second generic look along with the rest of the regions, but did not use their logo in this look. From then on, Border only used network designs for idents; as from 28 October 2002, Border idents featuring a celebrity with the ITV1 logo with the word Border underneath were used for local programming only. All other programming used network idents and from 1 November 2004 no regional idents existed. Local productions are now attributed on-screen to 'ITV News and Current Affairs Border' and ITV Border.

## Programmes

**Children's programmes**

**Current programmes**

**Past programmes**

* *The Andy Stewart Show*
* *APB*
* *Basil's Joke Machine*
* *Bliss* (1985)
* *BMX Beat*
* *Border Folk*
* *Border Forum* (1970–77)
* *Border Greats*
* *Border Month* (1972–79)
* *Border Parliamentary Report* (1972–78)
* *Border Stories* (1999–2004)
* *Cock of the Border* (1960s)
* *Coconuts* (1990)
* *Crush a Grape*
* *Galloway Ceilidh* (1979
* *Hindsight* (1981–87)
* *Homegrown*
* *Krankies Television/K.T.V.*
* *Krazy Kitchen*
* *Law of the Lakes*
* *Look Who's Talking*
* *Mr. and Mrs.*
* *Nature Trail*
* *Pick a Number* (1984–86)
* *Revelations* (1984–88)
* *Scene Shed* (1980s)
* *Studio One* (1976-80s)
* *The Joke Machine* (1989)
* *The Sound of ....* (1970–81)
* *The Union and the League*
* *Take the Mick*
* *Trailblazing*
* *Try For Ten* (1968–84)
* *Vegetable Village* (1965)
* *Way of the Lakes*

## Further reading

* Mary Scott Parker (1999), *Border Television: A History*. Carlisle: Bookcase

## InfoBox

ITV Border
|
|  |
|
| Type | Region of television network |
| Branding | ITV1 |
| Country | UK |
| First air date | 1 September 1961 (1961-09-01) |
| TV transmitters | Caldbeck, Selkirk
*(formerly Richmond Hill, Whitehaven)* |
| Headquarters | Carlisle |
| Broadcast area | Cumbria (majority)
Dumfries and Galloway (majority)
Scottish Borders
*(formerly Isle of Man)* |
| Owner | ITV plc |
| Dissolved | lost on-air identity on 27 October 2002 (2002-10-27) (now known as ITV1 at all times) |
| Former names | Border Television |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV, downscaled to 576i for SDTV |
| Affiliation(s) | ITV |
| Official website | itv.com/border |


title: One Time 4 Your Mind

abstract: "One Time 4 Your Mind" is the eighth song on Nas' debut album Illmatic. It is produced by Large Professor who provides the song with a mellow beat and a deep bassline. Nas raps two verses on the song and contributes to the call and response chorus with Grand Wizard. The song's lyrics deal with what Nas does in his leisure. Nas sampled a lyric from "One Time 4 Your Mind" on his song "Fetus". Termanology references a lyric from this song on "Stop, Look, Listen" by Statik Selektah. Steve Juon of RapReviews.com describes it as a "somber and slow-rolling banger." Marc Hill of PopMatters boasts the song's lyrics saying: "the laid back 'One Time 4 Your Mind' demonstrated a level of technical precision and rhetorical dexterity that [is] now requisite for inclusion among hip-hop's elite."

text:
# One Time 4 Your Mind

"**One Time 4 Your Mind**" is the eighth song on Nas' debut album *Illmatic*. It is produced by Large Professor who provides the song with a mellow beat and a deep bassline. Nas raps two verses on the song and contributes to the call and response chorus with Grand Wizard (of Bravehearts). The song's lyrics deal with what Nas does in his leisure. Nas sampled a lyric from "One Time 4 Your Mind" on his song "Fetus". Termanology references a lyric from this song on "Stop, Look, Listen" by Statik Selektah. Steve Juon of RapReviews.com describes it as a "somber and slow-rolling banger." Marc Hill of PopMatters boasts the song's lyrics saying: "the laid back 'One Time 4 Your Mind' demonstrated a level of technical precision and rhetorical dexterity that \[is\] now requisite for inclusion among hip-hop's elite."

## InfoBox

| "One Time 4 Your Mind" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Nas | |
| from the album  *Illmatic* | |
| Released | April 19, 1994 |
| Recorded | 1992 |
| Length | 3:18 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Large Professor |


title: Josephine Gabler

abstract: Dr. Josephine Gabler was a physician best known for performing illegal abortions in Chicago, serving the entire Midwest, during the 1930s.

text:
# Josephine Gabler

**Dr. Josephine Gabler** (January 16, 1879  June 13, 1961) was a physician best known for performing illegal abortions in Chicago, serving the entire Midwest, during the 1930s.

## Career

Gabler graduated from medical school in 1905 and was licensed to practice that year; by the late 1920s, she had begun to specialize in abortion. Gabler and the other doctors at her clinic performed more than 18,000 abortions between 1932 and 1941, or approximately five a day. Patients were referred by their physicians, or sometimes heard about the clinic from friends or relatives. Information about the clinic comes from seventy patient records preserved in legal documents. In 1941, police raided Gabler's clinic, and confiscated her patient records. These records indicated that over 200 Chicago physicians had been sending patients to her clinic for abortion procedures.

## Influence

In the 1920s and 30s, on State Street in downtown Chicago, Gabler specialized in abortions in a time of great repression. She recognized that more women were moving into the working world, and she provided a service to them that allowed women reproductive independence. On another note, she broke the law, and was arrested. Gabler was a significant player in women's health by providing abortions in accordance with standard medical procedures during a time where the number of abortions occurring in the United States ranged from 250,000 to 2 million per year.

## Sources

* Leslie J. Reagan, *When Abortion Was A Crime*, University of California Press 1997
* Langum, David J. "A Personal Voyage of Exploration through the Literature of Abortion History." Law and Social Inquiry 25, no. 2 (2000): 693–703.


title: Weiherhammer

abstract: Weiherhammer is a municipality in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria, Germany.

text:
# Weiherhammer

**Weiherhammer** is a municipality in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria, Germany.

## History

Weiherhammer, originally Beckendorf, belonged to the Wittelsbach duchy Neuburg-Sulzbach. Since 1777 it was the a part of the Bavaria electorate. In 1934 Beckendorf was renamed Weiherhammer and received communal autonomy in 1952. In 1972 Dürnast and Trippach were incorporated into Weiherhammer.

## Population

In 1970 the population was 3,406; in 1987, 3,655; and in 2000, 4,199.

## Industry

* Located on the edges of town, Pilkington Float Glass Factory, which is also a local landmark as it has two 140 m (460 ft) tall chimneys, and BHS Corrugated, a producer of corrugating rolls.

## InfoBox

| Weiherhammer | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Weiherhammer within Neustadt a.d.Waldnaab district | |
| Weiherhammer Weiherhammer | |
| Coordinates: 49°38′N 12°4′E / 49.633°N 12.067°E / 49.633; 12.067 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Oberpfalz |
| District | Neustadt a.d.Waldnaab |
| Municipal assoc. | Weiherhammer |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Ludwig Biller (CSU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 39.89 km2 (15.40 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 394 m (1,293 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 3,869 |
| Density | 97/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 92729 |
| Dialling codes | 09605 |
| Vehicle registration | NEW |
| Website | www.weiherhammer.de |


title: Israel Yuval

abstract: Israel Jacob Yuval is an Israeli academic who is Professor of Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is also the founder of Scholion - Interdisciplinary research center in the Humanities and Jewish Studies. Yuval is the academic director of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Advanced Studies in the Humanities, and the Teddy Kollek Chair for the Study of Cultural Aspects of Vienna and Jerusalem.

text:
# Israel Yuval

**Israel Jacob Yuval** (born October 1, 1949, in Sde Eliyahu, a religious Kibbutz south of Beit She'an) is an Israeli academic who is Professor of Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is also the founder of Scholion - Interdisciplinary research center in the Humanities and Jewish Studies.

Yuval is the academic director of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Advanced Studies in the Humanities, and the Teddy Kollek Chair for the Study of Cultural Aspects of Vienna and Jerusalem.

## Career

From 1998 to 2008, Yuval was responsible for the research project Germania-Judaica. In 2002 he founded Scholion and was its director until 2010. Between 2011 and 2012 he was a co-editor of the *Tarbiẕ* journal.

Yuval's works have argued that the confrontation with Christianity is the driving force behind Judaism in the time of Midrash and Talmud.

## Works

* *Scholars in Their Time: The Religious Leadership of German Jewry in the Late Middle Ages* (Magnes 1988); won the Zalman Shazar Award for Jewish History
* *Two Nations in Your Womb: Perceptions of Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages* (Am Oved 2000); won the Bialik Award and the Pierre A. Bernheim Award of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres


title: The Twelfth Card

abstract: The Twelfth Card is a crime novel by American writer Jeffery Deaver, the sixth in the series featureing Lincoln Rhyme. It was published in 2005.

text:
# The Twelfth Card

***The Twelfth Card*** is a crime novel by American writer Jeffery Deaver, the sixth in the series featureing Lincoln Rhyme. It was published in 2005.

## Plot summary

The story starts out in a museum where Geneva Settle, a high-school student in Harlem, is researching information for a paper about her ancestor, Charles Singleton. While she is looking at an old newspaper, Thompson Boyd, an unfeeling, professional killer, attempts to murder her. As his attempts continue, each time he leaves behind a clue which either helps or misleads Lincoln Rhyme. Amelia Sachs, Fred Dellray, Mel Cooper, and Lon Sellitto help Lincoln to solve why Boyd is after Settle. Rhyme believes initially that Geneva was the witness to a planned terrorist attack. It is eventually revealed that Boyd was hired to kill her because of her ancestor's secret. Singleton's secret was that he owned fifteen acres of prime land in Manhattan in the 1800s. Rhyme had discovered through the investigation of the crime that Geneva's ancestor was falsely accused of murder and had his land stolen. The person who bought the land ended up creating a huge company in the modern time. As the land was not legally sold, all of Singleton's relatives were legally entitled to compensation over the course of 200 years. The chase to catch Boyd and all of his accomplices continue throughout a two-day period. Throughout the story, there are also some other smaller story lines and this crime eventually leads to the solutions of other crimes. Some of the people in the novel are not who they appear to be. One of Boyd's accomplices pretends to be the guidance counselor at Settle's high school. Also, a common vandal and criminal turns out to be Settle's dad.

## Explanation of title

One of the clues that are left behind is the twelfth card, The Hanged Man, in the tarot card deck which signifies spiritual exploration.

## Receptions

The book overall got a good review. The book sold 300,000 books in the first printing and was ranked 24,467 in sales ranking. On the New York Times' best seller list it made it to number 6 on June 26, 2005.

From the website curledup.com, Wayne Adam says the novel is one of the best Lincoln Rhyme novels yet, describing it as a thriller with a rapid-pace, because of the characters Rhyme and Boyd being distinctive and the novel having a lot of plot twists and the ending has several shocking endings.

Gilbert Cruz, from Entertainment Weekly, related the CBS hit, *CSI*, to the novel in his review by saying that the procedures used to dissect a crime scene are the same, even though it is denied in the book. The use of out-of-date black slang was the only major flaw that Cruz found. Overall *The Twelfth Card* received a 'B' grade.

## InfoBox

The Twelfth Card
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jeffery Deaver |
| Cover artist | Design by Rod Hernandez; Illustration by Marc Gerber |
| Language | English |
| Series | Lincoln Rhyme series |
| Genre | Mystery, crime, thriller |
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster |
| Publication date | June 7, 2005 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 416 (paperback edition) |
| ISBN | 0-7434-3781-0 (paperback edition) |
| OCLC | 55981159 |
| Preceded by | *The Vanished Man* |
| Followed by | *The Cold Moon* |


title: WWBG

abstract: WWBG is an American radio station licensed to serve Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. The station, launched in 1999 as a replacement for WBIG, is owned by Richard Miller's Twin City Broadcasting Company, LLC. WWBG broadcasts a classic hits music format to the Greensboro–High Point area, simulcast from co-owned WTOB in Winston-Salem.

text:
# WWBG

**WWBG** (1470 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. The station, launched in 1999 as a replacement for WBIG, is owned by Richard Miller's Twin City Broadcasting Company, LLC.

WWBG broadcasts a classic hits music format to the GreensboroHigh Point area, simulcast from co-owned WTOB in Winston-Salem.

## History of WBIG

The call sign of WWBG is a tribute to the prior occupant of this frequency in Greensboro, WBIG, which broadcast from the city for 60 years. Established in 1925 in Charlotte and moved to Greensboro the next year by founder Wayne M. Nelson, the station became the first broadcasting property of Jefferson-Pilot in 1934 and affiliated with CBS. It continued as the most popular station in Greensboro in decades, though in later years the move of music audiences to FM and the growth of the radio market outside of Greensboro proper put it at a severe disadvantage. Jefferson-Pilot shut the station down on November 20, 1986; the land was sold five years later for the construction of a Lowe's home improvement store.

## History of WWBG

On December 9, 1994, Walt Cockerham announced that the former WBIG would return to the air with its old frequency, but the call sign was no longer available. (A station in Aurora, Illinois, would adopt the WBIG call sign in 1991.) During the year after WKEW changed from news/talk, Truth Broadcasting bought several stations in the Greensboro area, including the one that would be called WWBG, the call sign that the new station was assigned by the Federal Communications Commission on August 21, 1992. Truth Broadcasting planned to do what WKEW had done. This meant news, talk, sports and community affairs relating to Greensboro. On November 1, 1999, Dunn and Bray returned to 1470 AM. Dunn said, "It's like being home. We've got the old morning crew back together."

The news/talk format only lasted until January 1, 2002, because, program director David Albright said, it was not profitable and a number of Spanish-speaking people wanted a radio station of their own. "La Movidita" was already airing on WTOB (1380 AM) in Winston-Salem.

In 2003, Truth Broadcasting stopped selling time to La Movidita, which moved to its former home WSGH. Que Pasa moved from WSGH to WWBG and WTOB.

WTOB began airing separate programming in 2013.

In December 2020, WTOB 980 AM/96.7 FM began simulcasting on the 1470 AM frequency. During simulcast, the station call sign WWBG has been retained, and the transmitter power has been maintained at 10,000 watts daytime and 5,000 watts at night. WTOB currently has an oldies music format and is being simulcast on WWBG.

## InfoBox

WWBG
| Simulcast of WTOB Winston-Salem | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Piedmont Triad |
| Frequency | 1470 kHz |
| Branding | *Classic Hits WTOB* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic hits |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Richard Miller * (Twin City Broadcasting Company, LLC) |
| Sister stations | WTOB, WCOG |
| History | |
| First air date | 1999 (1999) |
| Call sign meaning | homage to WBIG |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 67831 |
| Class | B |
| Power | * 10,000 watts (day) * 5,000 watts (night) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 36°9′1.49″N 79°54′47.13″W / 36.1504139°N 79.9130917°W / 36.1504139; -79.9130917 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.wtob980.com |


title: Nicholas Mirzoeff

abstract: Nicholas Mirzoeff is a visual culture theorist and professor in the Department of Media, Culture and Communication at New York University. He is best known for his work developing the field of visual culture and for his many books and his widely used textbook on the subject. He was also Deputy Director of the International Association for Visual Culture from 2012 to 2016 and organized its first conference in 2012. Mirzoeff holds a BA degree from Oxford University and studied for his PhD at the University of Warwick.

text:
# Nicholas Mirzoeff

**Nicholas Mirzoeff** is a visual culture theorist and professor in the Department of Media, Culture and Communication at New York University. He is best known for his work developing the field of visual culture and for his many books and his widely used textbook on the subject. He was also Deputy Director of the International Association for Visual Culture from 2012 to 2016 and organized its first conference in 2012. Mirzoeff holds a BA degree from Oxford University and studied for his PhD at the University of Warwick.

## Affiliations

* 2007–present: Journal of Photography and Culture, Editorial Board Member
* 2005: Visiting Canterbury Fellow, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
* 2004–2007: British Film Institute Television Classics, Editorial Board Member
* 2002–present: Situation Analysis, Editorial Board Member
* 2002: Visiting Fellow, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown MA
* 2002: Leverhulme Visiting Professor, University of Nottingham, UK
* 2001–present: The Journal of Visual Culture, Editorial Board Member
* 2001: Visiting Fellow, Humanities Research Center, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
* 2001: William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, UCLA, Visiting Fellow
* 2000–2005: Visual Culture Caucus, Founder and Co-President
* 2000–2005: College Art Association, Board of Directors
* 1996: Postdoctoral Fellow, Humanities Institute, Stony Brook University
* 1994: Huntington Library, Pasadena, CA, Visiting Fellow
* 1993: Yale Center for British Art, Visiting Fellow
* 1992: J. Paul Getty Center, Postdoctoral Fellow in the History of Art and the Humanities
* 1991: NEH Postdoctoral Fellow, UCLA Center for 17th and 18th Century Studies

## Awards

* 2006: Steinhardt Challenge Grant

## Publications and bibliography

* "The Appearance of Black Lives Matter" (Miami: NAME Publications, 2017)
* How to See the World (London: Pelican, 2015)
* The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality (Duke University Press, 2011)
* Seinfeld: A Critical Study of the Series (British Film Institute, 2007)
* Watching Babylon: the War in Iraq and Global Visual Culture (Routledge, 2005) translated into Italian as Guardare la Guerra (Rome: Meltemi, 2005)
* (as editor) Diaspora and Visual Culture: Representing Africans and Jews (London and New York: Routledge, 2001)
* An Introduction to Visual Culture (London and New York: Routledge, 1999) translations into Italian, Spanish, Korean and Chinese. Second fully revised edition, 2008. ISBN 978-0415327596
* (as editor) The Visual Culture Reader (London and New York: Routledge, 1998) Second fully revised edition, 2002. ISBN 978-0415252225
* Bodyscape: Art, Modernity and the Ideal Figure (London and New York: 1995) translated into Korean
* Silent Poetry: deafness, sign and visual culture in modern France (Princeton and London: Princeton University Press, 1995)


title: Gonna Make You Mine

abstract: "Gonna Make You Mine" is a song from New Zealand singer Margaret Urlich. The song was released in April 1995 as the lead single from her third studio album, The Deepest Blue. The song peaked at number 29 in Australia in June 1995.

text:
# Gonna Make You Mine

"**Gonna Make You Mine**" is a song from New Zealand singer Margaret Urlich. The song was released in April 1995 as the lead single from her third studio album, *The Deepest Blue*. The song peaked at number 29 in Australia in June 1995.

## Track listing

**CD single/7" (Columbia 661362.2)**

1. "Gonna Make You Mine" – 4:10
2. "Just Before You Go" – 5:19

## Charts

Chart performance for "Gonna Make You Mine"
| Chart (1995) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 29 |

## InfoBox

| "Gonna Make You Mine" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Margaret Urlich | |
| from the album  *The Deepest Blue* | |
| B-side | "Just Before You Go" |
| Released | 17 April 1995 |
| Genre | Pop, synth pop |
| Length | 4:10 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Robyn Smith, Willis, Margaret Urlich |
| Producer(s) | Robyn Smith |
| Margaret Urlich singles chronology | |
| "All By Myself"
(1994) "**Gonna Make You Mine**"
(1995) "Every Little Thing"
(1995) | |


title: ITV Day

abstract: ITV Day was a programming block that broadcast on ITV1 from 9.25 am until 6.00 pm on weekdays and launched on 11 April 2005. The presentation was created by Bruce Dunlop Associates and said "ITV Day effectively creates a new brand, with along with [sic] a change in programming and schedule will alter viewer perception". The "ITV Day" brand disappeared from screens on 13 January 2006, as ITV1 presentation was relaunched, along with the entire ITV family of channels.

text:
# ITV Day

**ITV Day** was a programming block that broadcast on ITV1 from 9.25 am until 6.00 pm on weekdays and launched on 11 April 2005. The presentation was created by Bruce Dunlop Associates and said "ITV Day effectively creates a new brand, with along with \[*sic*\] a change in programming and schedule will alter viewer perception".

The "ITV Day" brand disappeared from screens on 13 January 2006, as ITV1 presentation was relaunched, along with the entire ITV family of channels.

## Branding

The package was based around a logo and colour scheme that delineated the ITV Day branding from the rest of ITV1. The scheme of yellow, orange and red represented the colour of and warmth of the sun. The ITV logo remained blue as a link to the rest of the ITV family of logos (except ITV2's which was yellow at the time).

The package was produced using an innovative combination of live action and animation. The people featured in the idents were shot in the blue screen studio, while the backgrounds and some foreground elements were created in 3D.

### Versions

UTV also used the same presentation during the day, albeit replacing the "ITV" logo with their own.

Scottish TV and Grampian TV (both owned by SMG plc) decided not to use the presentation package - and continued to use their normal idents and promotions during the day.

ITV1 Wales used the ITV Day logo but with “Wales” superimposed to the bottom.

## Programmes

## InfoBox

ITV Day
| Logo used from 2005 to 2006 | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | **ITV Day**: England, Wales, Scottish Borders, Isle of Man, Channel Islands;<br>**UTV Day**: Northern Ireland |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | ITV plc |
| History | |
| Launched | 11 April 2005 |
| Closed | 13 January 2006 |
| Replaced by | ITV1/UTV |


title: In Real Life (band)

abstract: In Real Life (IRL) was an American boy band composed of Brady Tutton, Chance Perez, Drew Ramos, Sergio Calderon, and Conor Smith, the final five vocalists from the American reality television music competition series Boy Band. The show premiered June 22, 2017, on ABC. Due to lack of success, the band was dropped from their Hollywood Records label in 2019. In 2020, the band announced their split.

text:
# In Real Life (band)

**In Real Life** (**IRL**) was an American boy band composed of Brady Tutton, Chance Perez, Drew Ramos, Sergio Calderon, and Conor Smith, the final five vocalists from the American reality television music competition series *Boy Band.* The show premiered June 22, 2017, on ABC.

Due to lack of success, the band was dropped from their Hollywood Records label in 2019. In 2020, the band announced their split.

## History

### 2017: Formation

The ten-episode season of the American television music competition series *Boy Band* began with thirty young male vocalists competing to become a member of the new five-member boy band. Each week, the boys would rotate into different groups and perform, at the end, the "architects" would put either two or three boys up for elimination and through live voting, a boy would be chosen by America to be saved. At the end of the season, the five remaining boys would form the boy band and receive a recording contract with Hollywood Records. After a 24-hour voting period the week before, it was announced at the final live show on August 24, 2017, that Tutton, Perez, Ramos, Calderon and Smith were the winning members, thus forming the boy band In Real Life and performing their debut single, "Eyes Closed".

Following their formation, In Real Life performed live on various television programs including *Total Request Live* in November 2017, *Good Morning America* in December 2017, and on *Live with Kelly and Ryan* in February 2018. That same year, they released an acoustic version of "Eyes Closed", along with two holiday songs—"Feel This Christmas" and "I'll Be Home Christmas".

### 2018–2020: *She Do* and split

In February 2018, they appeared on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!*, and performed on **¡Despierta América!** that April. In 2018, the band released several singles, starting with "Tattoo (How 'Bout You)", which peaked at number 29 on *Billboard*'s Mainstream Top 40 chart for radio play. Other released singles included "How Badly", "Tonight Belongs to You", and "Got Me Good".

In May 2018, it was announced that In Real Life would open in a supporting slot in July and August on the 2018 *American Idol* summer tour. In September 2018, they headlined the Tonight Belongs To You tour, performing in small venues across the U.S. and Asia. The tour concluded in November. In 2019, they released the singles "Crazy AF", "Somebody Like You", and "Hurt For Long". Their debut album *She Do*, which features all of their singles from the past two years along with three new songs, was released on August 23, 2019. Their third Christmas single, "California Christmas", was announced to be released on November 29, 2019. The band created their own label, Broke Hero Records, after being dropped from Hollywood Records.

On January 20, 2020, In Real Life announced their separation on Instagram.

## Artistry

In Real Life was a pop boy band that experimented with other sounds such as pop rap, dance-pop, teen pop and Latin pop.

They cite One Direction as their main influence and are compared to them for both starting off on reality television. They also cite Backstreet Boys, Boyz II Men and The Jackson 5. Individual members of the group also cite influences including Charlie Puth, Bruno Mars, Frank Ocean, Logic, Machine Gun Kelly, Future, Shawn Mendes, Ed Sheeran, Justin Timberlake, Sam Smith, Jon Bellion, Jay-Z, Kendrick Lamar, Rita Ora, Eminem, NF and Nas.

## Members

### Brady Tutton

Brady Patrick Tutton was born on December 7, 2001 and is from Shorewood, Wisconsin. For his *Boy Band* audition, Tutton sang "On Bended Knee" by Boyz II Men. He went through the ten-week competition without being placed in the bottom two or three. Brady Tutton is a trained classical vocalist and an actor. He played Brock on the ABC sitcom *Fresh Off the Boat* (2015), and played the lead role in the 2018 film, *The Rocket*.

### Chance Perez

Chance Nickolas Perez was born on November 10, 1997 and comes from Seal Beach, California. In 2016, Perez auditioned for *America's Got Talent* with bandmates Jordan Perez and Tyler Reardon as "The WVKE". The group was buzzed by Howie Mandel and Heidi Klum, but criticized by Simon Cowell, leading to their elimination during the audition phase; however, Perez's vocals were individually praised by Cowell. In 2017, Perez auditioned for *Boy Band*, singing "Somebody to Love" by Queen. From 2021 to 2023, Perez portrayed Javi Garcia, the Black Dino Fury & Cosmic Fury Ranger in *Power Rangers Dino Fury* and *Power Rangers Cosmic Fury*.

### Drew Ramos

Andrew Luís Ramos (known professionally as Drew) was born on October 23, 1997 and comes from the Bronx, New York. In 2017, Ramos auditioned for the first season of ABC's *Boy Band*, singing Sam Smith's "Stay with Me". Along with Tutton and Perez, Ramos went through the competition without being placed in the bottom two or three. His breakout performance (during the competition) was MAXED's performance of Lauryn Hill's rendition of "Can't Take My Eyes Off You".

### Sergio Calderon

Sergio Aguilar Calderon, Jr. (known professionally as Sergio JR.) was born on October 6, 2000 and is from Redwood City, California. He was a student at Woodside Priory School before auditioning for *Boy Band*, where he performed an English-Spanish bilingual rendition of Prince Royce's "Stand by Me". On August 10, 2017, Calderon was placed in the bottom two, along with former contestant Devin Hayes, but he was saved by the fans and viewers who voted for him to stay. On May 22, 2020, he released his first single "No es Fácil".

### Conor Michael Smith

Conor Michael Smith (formerly known as Michael Conor until June 2019) was born on June 7, 1999. He is from Shaker Heights, Ohio, and auditioned for *Boy Band* as a rapping violinist with "A Little More" by Machine Gun Kelly. Like Tutton, Perez, and Ramos, he was never in danger of elimination.

In January 2019, Smith made a remix to "Lucky You" by Eminem (featuring Joyner Lucas). After the success of this initial remix, Smith released "Do or Die" in March of 2019; the track contains a sample of "Morph" by Twenty One Pilots. Thomas Crane filmed and directed both videos, which were uploaded to YouTube. The audio version of the songs are available on Smith's SoundCloud. On October 27, 2020, he released his debut single "With You in Mind", where he talks about the Black Lives Matter movement.

## Discography

| In Real Life discography | |
| --- | --- |
| Studio albums | 1 |
| Music videos | 7 |
| Singles | 11 |

The discography of In Real Life consists of one studio album, 11 singles, and 7 music videos.

### Albums

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Pop | |
| "Eyes Closed" | 2017 |  | *She Do* |
| "Feel This Christmas / I'll Be Home for Christmas" | | 34 | Non-album single |
| "Tattoo (How 'Bout You)" | 2018 | 13 | *She Do* |
| "How Badly" | | 35 | |
| "Tonight Belongs to You" | | 10 | |
| "Got Me Good" | | 16 | |
| "Crazy AF" | 2019 | 40 | |
| "Somebody Like You" | | 25 | |
| "Hurt for Long" | | 39 | |
| "California Christmas" | | 38 | Non-album single |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released. | | | |

### Music videos

* 2017: "Eyes Closed"
* 2017: "I'll Be Home For Christmas"
* 2018: "Tattoo (How 'Bout You)"
* 2018: "Tonight Belongs to You"
* 2019: "Crazy AF"
* 2019: "She Do"
* 2019: "Don't Go"
* 2019: "California Christmas"

## Filmography

Television

## Tours

Headlining Co Headlining

## InfoBox

| In Real Life | |
| --- | --- |
| In Real Life at the 2019 iHeartRadio Music Awards in Los Angeles, California | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | IRL |
| Origin | Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Genres | Pop |
| Years active | 2017–2020 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Past members | * Brady Tutton * Chance Perez * Drew Ramos * Sergio Calderon Jr. * Conor Smith |


title: Otto Erdmannsdörffer

abstract: Otto Heinrich Erdmannsdörffer was a German mineralogist and petrographer, known for his analysis of rocks and minerals found in the Odenwald, the Black Forest and the Harz Mountains. He was the son of historian Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer. He studied natural sciences at the universities of Heidelberg and Strasbourg, receiving his doctorate in 1900. For the next twelve years he worked as a research assistant at the Prussian Geological Survey, and in the meantime, obtained his habilitation in mineralogy and petrology from the University of Berlin (1908). In 1912 he was appointed chair of mineralogy and petrology at the Technical University of Hannover, and in 1926 returned to Heidelberg, where he succeeded Ernst Anton Wülfing as director of the mineralogical-petrographic institute. In 1932 he was named academic rector at Heidelberg. In 1953 he was awarded the Hans-Stille-Medaille by the Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft. He was an editor of the journal Heidelberger Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie.

text:
# Otto Erdmannsdörffer

**Otto Heinrich Erdmannsdörffer** (11 March 1876, Heidelberg  19 April 1955, Heidelberg) was a German mineralogist and petrographer, known for his analysis of rocks and minerals found in the Odenwald, the Black Forest and the Harz Mountains. He was the son of historian Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer.

He studied natural sciences at the universities of Heidelberg and Strasbourg, receiving his doctorate in 1900. For the next twelve years he worked as a research assistant at the Prussian Geological Survey, and in the meantime, obtained his habilitation in mineralogy and petrology from the University of Berlin (1908). In 1912 he was appointed chair of mineralogy and petrology at the Technical University of Hannover, and in 1926 returned to Heidelberg, where he succeeded Ernst Anton Wülfing as director of the mineralogical-petrographic institute. In 1932 he was named academic rector at Heidelberg.

In 1953 he was awarded the Hans-Stille-Medaille by the *Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft*. He was an editor of the journal *Heidelberger Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie*.

## Selected works

* *Grundlagen der Petrographiem* 1924  Fundamentals of petrography.
* *Südostmazedonien und Kleinasien*, 1925  Southeastern Macedonia and Asia Minor.
* *Über Disthen-Andalusitparagenesen*, 1928  On kyanite-andalusite paragenesis.
* *Über Alkalihornblenden aus dem Radautal*, 1929  On alkali hornblende from the Radau valley.
* *Die Syenite des Radautales im Harz als palingene Eruptiva*, 1930  The syenite of the Radau valley in the Harz as palingenetic-eruptive.
* *Über den Buchonit von Poppenhausen in der Rhön*, 1933  On the buchonite of Poppenhausen in the Rhön Mountains.
* *Beiträge zur Petrographie des Odenwaldes*, 1941  Contribution to the petrography of the Odenwald.
* *Über Flasergranite und Böllsteiner Gneis*, 1949  On flaser granite and Böllstein gneiss.


title: Josip Murn

abstract: Josip Murn, also known under the pseudonym Aleksandrov was a Slovene symbolist poet. Together with Ivan Cankar, Oton Župančič, and Dragotin Kette, he was regarded as one of the beginners of modernism in Slovene literature. After France Prešeren and Edvard Kocbek, Murn was probably the most influential Slovene poet of the last two centuries.

text:
# Josip Murn

**Josip Murn**, also known under the pseudonym **Aleksandrov** (4 March 1879  18 June 1901) was a Slovene symbolist poet. Together with Ivan Cankar, Oton Župančič, and Dragotin Kette, he was regarded as one of the beginners of modernism in Slovene literature. After France Prešeren and Edvard Kocbek, Murn was probably the most influential Slovene poet of the last two centuries.

## Life

Murn was born in a condominium in the very center of Ljubljana as an illegitimate son to a poor woman, Maria Murn, and baptized *Josef*. His mother moved to Trieste soon after his birth, leaving him in foster care to some relatives from the suburbs of Ljubljana.

As a teenager, he enrolled in the local high school, where he came in contact with other young Slovene literates, such as Ivan Cankar, Dragotin Kette, and Oton Župančič, who experimented in new trends of European poetry, in particular Slovene *Moderna*, a national literary trend that combined Naturalism, Impressionism, Decadence and Symbolist ideas. He was a gifted student, shy, but also very self-confident. He started writing poetry at a very young age and soon achieved a very high level of quality. His talent was spotted by a high-class society woman Franja Tavčar, the influential wife of the national-liberal politician and author Ivan Tavčar, who arranged for him a scholarship to study at the University of Vienna.

In 1898 he moved to Vienna, spending there a year mostly visiting literary cafés and art exhibitions. Strongly influenced by the Viennese Secession, he wrote a series of poems with the common title *Fin de siècle*, in which he delivered his impressions on the life in the metropolis.

In 1899, he moved back home and started traveling around the Slovene Lands. He spent several months in Upper Carniola, when he observed the peasant life style. He began to incorporate peasant motifs in his symbolist poetry. He took elements not only from Slovene, but also from Irish, Scottish, Slovak, and Latvian folk motifs.

He later traveled to the Austrian Littoral, visiting his mother in Trieste and living briefly in Grado before settling in the Vipava Valley for some time. There, he decided to adopt the pseudonym Aleksandrov, reminiscent of Slavic peasant archaism, and moved to an even more simple and impressionist poetic expression.

He settled in Ljubljana in 1901, renting a small room in a slum building on the banks of the river Ljubljanica (an abandoned sugar factory, known as *Cukrarna*). He died there at the age of 22 from tuberculosis, on the same bed as his friend Dragotin Kette just two years before.

He is buried in the Žale cemetery, next to the tombs of Dragotin Kette, Ivan Cankar and Oton Župančič, in what is known as the "monument of Slovene modernism" (*Spomenik slovenske moderne*).

## Reception

Murn remained mostly unacknowledged by contemporary critics. The doyen of 19th-century Slovene poetry, Anton Aškerc rejected him as a decadent. Even some of his closest colleagues, namely Cankar and Župančič, did not look favorably on his poetic endeavor, regarding it as too symbolist, abstract, "anemic," and "non-lively." He did gain some recognition during his Vienna period, when his poems were published in established literary magazines such as *Ljubljanski zvon*, but the later developments in his poetry did not receive a positive response by the public.

His fame came soon after his death. The literary critic, Ivan Prijatelj, edited a volume of his collected poems in 1903, jointly with a brilliant essay which gained recognition both to Murn and to Prijatelj himself as a literary critic. Prijatelj's essay also influenced Oton Župančič to change his opinion on Murn's poetry; as an homage to his late friend, Župančič wrote the poem "Manom Josipa Murna Aleksandra" (To the Manes of Josip Murn, a.k.a. Aleksandrov). By the end of the decade, Murn was already firmly established in the Slovene literary canon, and considered a great influence on Intimism and successive generations of poets, particularly Alojz Gradnik, Srečko Kosovel, Miran Jarc, France Balantič, Edvard Kocbek, Dane Zajc, Niko Grafenauer, and Jože Snoj. Snoj dedicated extensive studies to Murn's poetry.

## Further reading

* Niko Grafenauer, *Josip Murn-Aleksandrov* (Ljubljana: Prosvetni servis, 1965).
* Vladimir Osolnik, *Obrazi: Josip Murn-Aleksandrov* (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1980).
* Jože Snoj, *Znameniti Slovenci: Josip Murn* (Ljubljana: Založba Jaroslav Skrušny, 1978).

## InfoBox

| Josip Murn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1879-03-04)4 March 1879
Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 18 June 1901(1901-06-18) (aged 22)
Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Literary movement | Fin de siecle, Symbolism |


title: PFL 3 (2018)

abstract: The PFL 3 mixed martial arts event for the 2018 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on July 5, 2018, at the Charles E. Smith Center in Washington, D.C. It was the third regular season event of 2018 and included only fights in the welterweight and middleweight divisions.

text:
# PFL 3 (2018)

The ***PFL 3*** mixed martial arts event for the 2018 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on July 5, 2018, at the Charles E. Smith Center in Washington, D.C. It was the third regular season event of 2018 and included only fights in the welterweight and middleweight divisions.

## Results

| Main Card (NBCSN) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Welterweight | Ray Cooper III | def. | Jake Shields | TKO (punches) | 2 | 2:09 |  |
| Welterweight | Pavlo Kusch | def. | Abubakar Nurmagomedov | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 2 | 1:23 |  |
| Welterweight | Rick Story | def. | Yuri Villefort | Decision (unanimous) (30-27, 30-27, 30-27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Middleweight | Shamil Gamzatov | def. | Eddie Gordon | Decision (unanimous) (30-27, 29-28, 29-28) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Middleweight | John Howard | def. | Gasan Umalatov | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 2 | 2:59 |  |
| Preliminary card (Facebook Watch) | | | | | | | |
| Welterweight | Magomed Magomedkerimov | def. | Herman Terrado | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 1 | 4:54 |  |
| Welterweight | João Zeferino | def. | Paul Bradley | TKO (punches) | 1 | 1:58 |  |
| Middleweight | Bruno Santos | def. | Sadibou Sy | Decision (unanimous) (29-28, 29-28, 29-28) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Middleweight | Louis Taylor | def. | Anderson Gonçalves | TKO (punches) | 3 | 0:58 |  |
| Middleweight | Rex Harris | def. | Andre Lobato | Decision (split) (29-28, 28-29, 29-28) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Middleweight | Abuspiyan Magomedov | def. | Danillo Villefort | TKO (body kick and punches) | 1 | 3:37 |  |
| Welterweight | Bojan Veličković | def. | Jonatan Westin | TKO (punches) | 2 | 2:50 |  |

## Standings after event

The point system consists of outcome based scoring and bonuses for an early win. Under the outcome based scoring system, the winner of a fight receives 3 points and the loser receives 0 points. If the fight ends in a draw, both fighters will receive 1 point. The bonus for winning a fight in the first, second, or third round is 3 points, 2 points, and 1 point respectively. For example, if a fighter wins a fight in the first round, then the fighter will receive 6 total points. If a fighter misses weight, then the fighter that missed weight will receive 0 points and his opponent will receive 3 points due to a walkover victory.

### Welterweight

| Fighter | Wins | Draws | Losses | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Total
Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| JoãoZeferino | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| Magomed Magomedkerimov | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| Pavlo Kusch | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** |
| Ray Cooper III | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** |
| Bojan Veličković | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** |
| Rick Story | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Yuri Villefort | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Jonatan Westin | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Jake Shields | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Abubakar Nurmagomedov | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Herman Terrado | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Paul Bradley | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| **Sources:** | | | | | | | |

### Middleweight

| Fighter | Wins | Draws | Losses | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Total
Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abuspiyan Magomedov | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| John Howard | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** |
| Louis Taylor | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | **4** |
| Shamil Gamzatov | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Bruno Santos | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Rex Harris | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Andre Lobato | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Sadibou Sy | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
|
| Eddie Gordon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Anderson Gonçalves | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Gasan Umalatov | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Danillo Villefort | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| **Sources:** | | | | | | | |

1. "PFL 6 draws 138,000 viewers on NBC Sports Network : MMAPayout.com: The Business of MMA". *mmapayout.com*. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
2. "Fight Card - PFL 3". PFL.
3. "Rules and Regulations". PFL. Archived from the original on 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
4. The eight fighters with most points (green background) advance to the playoffs
5. "2018 PFL Welterweight Standings". Professional Fighters League. 5 July 2018.
6. The eight fighters with most points (green background) advance to the playoffs
7. "2018 PFL Middleweight Standings". Professional Fighters League. 5 July 2018.

## InfoBox

| PFL 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Professional Fighters League |
| Date | July 5, 2018 (2018-07-05) |
| Venue | Charles E. Smith Center |
| City | Washington, D.C. |
| Estimated viewers | 46,000 |
| Event chronology | |
| PFL 2 PFL 3 PFL 4 | |


title: The Unexpected Father

abstract: The Unexpected Father is a 1932 American comedy film directed by Thornton Freeland and starring Slim Summerville, Zasu Pitts, and Cora Sue Collins. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film's sets were designed by the art director Thomas F. O'Neill.

text:
# The Unexpected Father

***The Unexpected Father*** is a 1932 American comedy film directed by Thornton Freeland and starring Slim Summerville, Zasu Pitts, and Cora Sue Collins. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film's sets were designed by the art director Thomas F. O'Neill.

## Synopsis

A wealthy bachelor hires an attractive nanny to look after his adopted daughter, leading to jealousy from his gold-digging fiancée who suspects a romance between the two.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Stumpf, Charles. *ZaSu Pitts: The Life and Career*. McFarland, 2010.

## InfoBox

| The Unexpected Father | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Thornton Freeland |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Jerome Ash |
| Edited by | Arthur Hilton |
| Production<br>company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * January 3, 1932 (1932-01-03) |
| Running time | 72 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: W. Earle McLaughlin

abstract: William Earle McLaughlin was a Canadian banker who was the Chairman of the Royal Bank of Canada from 1960 to 1979. Born in Oshawa, Ontario, to parents Frank McLaughlin and Frankie L. Houlden. Earle McLaughlin graduated with a gold medal in commerce from Queen's University and joined the Royal Bank of Canada in 1936. In 1960, at an age considered very young at the time, 45-year-old McLaughlin was appointed the bank's general manager and then shortly thereafter, president. He would retire as chairman in 1979. In addition to the Royal Bank, McLaughlin served on the board of directors of a number of corporations including Canadian Pacific Railway, Algoma Steel, Metropolitan Life and General Motors. He was a member of the board of governors of the Royal Victoria Hospital and the Council of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Following his retirement from banking, he served as chancellor of Concordia University (1982–1986) and was a trustee of Queen's University who awarded him their alumni John B. Stirling Montreal Medal in 1967. Earle McLaughlin was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1981. McLaughlin died in Montreal in 1991 and was buried at Mount Royal Cemetery. His grandson, Kevin McLaughlin, now continues the family automotive tradition with AutoShare.

text:
# W. Earle McLaughlin

**William Earle McLaughlin** OC (16 September 1915 – 30 October 1991) was a Canadian banker who was the Chairman of the Royal Bank of Canada from 1960 to 1979.

Born in Oshawa, Ontario, to parents Frank McLaughlin and Frankie L. Houlden. Earle McLaughlin graduated with a gold medal in commerce from Queen's University and joined the Royal Bank of Canada in 1936. In 1960, at an age considered very young at the time, 45-year-old McLaughlin was appointed the bank's general manager and then shortly thereafter, president. He would retire as chairman in 1979.

In addition to the Royal Bank, McLaughlin served on the board of directors of a number of corporations including Canadian Pacific Railway, Algoma Steel, Metropolitan Life and General Motors (a board which he was appointed to after the retirement of Sam McLaughlin, his first cousin once removed). He was a member of the board of governors of the Royal Victoria Hospital and the Council of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

Following his retirement from banking, he served as chancellor of Concordia University (1982–1986) and was a trustee of Queen's University who awarded him their alumni John B. Stirling Montreal Medal in 1967. Earle McLaughlin was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1981. McLaughlin died in Montreal in 1991 and was buried at Mount Royal Cemetery.

His grandson, Kevin McLaughlin, now continues the family automotive tradition with AutoShare.

## Works

McLaughlin, W. Earle. *Collected Speeches 1961–1979*. Royal Bank of Canada, 1980.

## InfoBox

| W. Earle McLaughlin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1915-09-16)16 September 1915
Oshawa, Ontario |
| Died | 30 October 1991(1991-10-30) (aged 76)
Montreal, Quebec |
| Education | Queen's University (BA 1936) |
| Spouse | Ethel Wattie (m. 1940) |


abstract: The United Kingdom parliamentary second jobs controversy of 2021 began with Owen Paterson and his lobbying and breach of Commons advocacy rules, which led to his resignation on 5 November. It was in turn followed by extensive press coverage and debate about the second jobs of other MPs, particularly Geoffrey Cox. Cox, a former Attorney General, registered a total income of £970,000 in 2020, for 705 hours of legal services. An opinion piece in The Telegraph describes how Cox has always disclosed his earnings and that his constituents re-elect him with "ever increasing majorities every time his name appears on the ballot paper". According to The Guardian, the register of MPs' interests shows that more than 90 Conservative MPs undertake paid work in addition to their job in parliament, along with three Labour MPs. According to the BBC, "more than 200 MPs received earnings in the last year on top of their £81,932 annual salary. The extra earnings range from £50 a year to almost £1m."

text:
# United Kingdom parliamentary second jobs controversy

The **United Kingdom parliamentary second jobs controversy** of 2021 began with Owen Paterson and his lobbying and breach of Commons advocacy rules, which led to his resignation on 5 November. It was in turn followed by extensive press coverage and debate about the second jobs of other MPs, particularly Geoffrey Cox. Cox, a former Attorney General, registered a total income of £970,000 in 2020, for 705 hours of legal services. An opinion piece in *The Telegraph* describes how Cox has always disclosed his earnings and that his constituents re-elect him with "ever increasing majorities every time his name appears on the ballot paper". According to *The Guardian*, the register of MPs' interests shows that more than 90 Conservative MPs undertake paid work in addition to their job in parliament, along with three Labour MPs. According to the BBC, "more than 200 MPs received earnings in the last year on top of their £81,932 annual salary. The extra earnings range from £50 a year to almost £1m."

## Further reading

* Weschle, Simon (4 September 2022). "Politicians' Private Sector Jobs and Parliamentary Behavior". *American Journal of Political Science*. **68** (2): 390–407. doi:10.1111/ajps.12721.


title: Archdeacon of Sarum

abstract: The Archdeacon of Sarum is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Salisbury, England. He or she is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the five area deaneries of the Sarum archdeaconry, which cover the geographical areas of Alderbury, Chalke, Salisbury, Heytesbury and Stonehenge. The post is currently held by the Ven Alan Jeans.

text:
# Archdeacon of Sarum

The **Archdeacon of Sarum** is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Salisbury, England. He or she is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the five area deaneries of the Sarum archdeaconry, which cover the geographical areas of Alderbury, Chalke (west of Salisbury), Salisbury, Heytesbury and Stonehenge (north of Salisbury).

The post is currently held by the Ven Alan Jeans.

## History

The first recorded archdeacons in Salisbury diocese occur soon after the Norman Conquest (as they do across England) and there were apparently four archdeacons from the outset. However, no territorial titles are recorded until after c.1139. The archdeacons at that time were (in order of seniority) the Archdeacons of Dorset, Berkshire, Sarum and Wiltshire.

The position was redefined in 1843, having been previously generally known as the Archdeaconry of Salisbury; the role is now generally called Archdeacon of Sarum, but both names have been used commonly throughout history.

### Allocation of parishes to deaneries

Many changes were made to the allocation of parishes to deaneries in 1951. The parishes of Charlton, Wilsford and North Newnton were transferred from Sarum to the archdeaconry of Wilts in 1955.

## List of archdeacons

1. Gunter, Robert, Everard, Hubald, Joel, Alexander and Nigel occur as archdeacons in Salisbury diocese without territorial titles, so it is not possible to identify which areas they served.
2. Ernald, Henry, Jordan and Savaric occur as archdeacons in Salisbury diocese without territorial titles, but their roles as archdeacons over the Salisbury area can be deduced.

## Sources


title: Indian, Ontario

abstract: Indian is an unincorporated place and former railway point in the incorporated township of Laurentian Valley in Renfrew County, eastern Ontario, Canada. Indian is located on the Indian River just southeast of the southeast corner of Algonquin Provincial Park. The railway point lies on the now abandoned Canadian National Railway Beachburg Subdivision, a section of track that was originally constructed as the Canadian Northern Railway main line, between Dahlia to the west and Alice to the east.

text:
# Indian, Ontario

**Indian** is an unincorporated place and former railway point in the incorporated township of Laurentian Valley in Renfrew County, eastern Ontario, Canada. Indian is located on the Indian River just southeast of the southeast corner of Algonquin Provincial Park.

The railway point lies on the now abandoned Canadian National Railway Beachburg Subdivision, a section of track that was originally constructed as the Canadian Northern Railway main line, between Dahlia to the west and Alice to the east.

Other map sources:

## InfoBox

| Indian | |
| --- | --- |
| IndianLocation of Indian in Ontario | |
| Coordinates: 45°45′21″N 77°27′08″W / 45.75583°N 77.45222°W / 45.75583; -77.45222 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Region | Eastern Ontario |
| County | Renfrew |
| Municipality | Laurentian Valley |
| Elevation | 203 m (666 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Postal code FSA | K0J |
| Area codes | 613, 343 |


title: Ovid Technologies

abstract: Ovid Technologies, Inc., part of the Wolters Kluwer group of companies, provides access to online bibliographic databases, academic journals, and other products, chiefly in the area of health sciences. The National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database was once its chief product but, as this is now freely available through PubMed, Ovid has diversified into a wide range of other databases and other products. Ovid has its global headquarters in New York City.

text:
# Ovid Technologies

**Ovid Technologies, Inc.** (or just **Ovid** for short), part of the Wolters Kluwer group of companies, provides access to online bibliographic databases, academic journals, and other products, chiefly in the area of health sciences. The National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database was once its chief product but, as this is now freely available through PubMed, Ovid has diversified into a wide range of other databases and other products. Ovid has its global headquarters in New York City.

## History

Ovid was founded in 1984 by Mark Nelson, who had developed an interface to MEDLINE, the world's largest and oldest medical database, produced by the US National Library of Medicine. The company at that time was known as Online Research Systems, a name Nelson chose to disguise the fact that he was the only employee of the company, operating out of an apartment in Spanish Harlem, New York City. The interface was designed to connect over the phone lines to mainframe computers of vendors, primarily BRS Online, which were running in-house search engines designed for Medline. However, fearing potential competition, these vendors shut off access for the interface. Nelson then decided to write his own Medline search engine, one of the first that was based on PCs.

Nelson had attempted, unsuccessfully, to obtain funding for the company. In order to fund operations, Nelson began building computers in his apartment, selling them along with the software. When the first product was released in 1988, the company changed its name to CD Plus. The product quickly became successful, fueled by innovations in search engine technology. Most importantly, Nelson had devised algorithms that encapsulated much of the complexity of Medline's lexicon, enabling end-users to achieve a high level of search precision without the need to master Medline's intricate taxonomy. The company's first Microsoft Windows interface to MEDLINE was named Ovid and released in 1992. Nelson, who had majored in English Literature and minored in classical languages, chose the name Ovid as a homage to the ancient Roman poet's most famous work, Metamorphoses. Several years later, Nelson started the Alpheios Project, non-profit software to facilitate the reading of ancient Greek and Latin.

The company's primary competitor continued to be BRS Online. CD-Plus gained significant market share from its competitor, and in 1994 acquired the company. Shortly after, CD-Plus went public at $6/share, and listed on NASDAQ. It then changed to its present name in 1995, reflecting the importance of its Ovid product.

In 1998, Nelson, who still retained the majority of Ovid shares, was wary of the market bubble that had been building for several years. He engaged Goldman Sachs to sell the company. Wolters Kluwer acquired the company in October, 1998, for $24.59/share.

Ovid continued to make inroads against its competitors. In 2001, Wolters Kluwer purchased the rival SilverPlatter company and merged it into Ovid during 2001 and early 2002.

Ovid introduced a new database search interface called OvidSP in 2007. This has replaced the Ovid Gateway interface, which was retired in February 2008, and the SilverPlatter interface, which was retired in January 2009.

## InfoBox

Ovid Technologies, Inc.
|
|  |
| Industry | bioinformatics |
| Founded | 1984 |
| Founder | Mark Nelson |
| Headquarters | New York City |


title: Prehistoric Caucasus

abstract:
The Caucasus region, on the gateway between Southwest Asia, Europe and Central Asia, plays a pivotal role in the peopling of Eurasia,
possibly as early as during the Homo erectus expansion to Eurasia, in the Upper Paleolithic peopling of Europe, and again in the re-peopling Mesolithic Europe following the Last Glacial Maximum, and in the expansion associated with the Neolithic Revolution.

text:
# Prehistoric Caucasus

The **Caucasus** region, on the gateway between Southwest Asia, Europe and Central Asia, plays a pivotal role in the peopling of Eurasia, possibly as early as during the *Homo erectus* expansion to Eurasia, in the Upper Paleolithic peopling of Europe, and again in the re-peopling Mesolithic Europe following the Last Glacial Maximum, and in the expansion associated with the Neolithic Revolution.

## Lower to Middle Paleolithic

Dmanisi skull 5, found in Dmanisi, Georgia, is among the earliest *Homo erectus* fossils, dated to 1.8 Ma.

## Upper Paleolithic to Epipaleolithic

## Neolithic to Iron Age

Neolithic:

Bronze Age:

The South Caucasus gradually enters the historical period following the Bronze Age collapse, see history of the Caucasus#Early\_history

## Genetic history

Language groups in the Caucasus have been found to have a close correlation to genetic ancestry.

A genetic study in 2015 by Jones et al. identified a previously unidentified lineage, which was dubbed *Caucasian Hunter-Gatherer* (CHG). The study detected a split between CHG and so-called "Western European Hunter-Gatherer" (WHG) lineages, about 45,000 years ago, the presumed time of the original peopling of Europe. CHG separated from the "early Anatolian farmers" (EAF) lineage later, at 25,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Maximum. (CHG was extrapolated from, among other sources, the genomes of two fossils from western Georgia – one about 13,300 years old (Late Upper Paleolithic) and the other 9,700 years (Mesolithic), which were compared to the 13,700 year-old Bichon man genome (found in Switzerland).

A genetic study in 2020 analyzing samples from Klin-Yar communities, including the Koban culture, found that the ancient population had a high frequency of paternal Haplogroup D-Z27276. Other haplogroups were Haplogroup J1 and Haplogroup G-M285.


title: Weeting-with-Broomhill

abstract:
Weeting-with-Broomhill is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk.
It covers an area of 25.16 km⁲ (9.71 sq mi) and had a population of 1,751 in 786 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 1,839 in 814 households at the 2011 Census. The area of the parish includes the village of Weeting. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Breckland. The parish covers the area to the north of Brandon. The parish contains a neolithic site known as Grimes Graves. This is an extensive system of stone-age flint mines. Now a scheduled monument looked after by English Heritage.

text:
# Weeting-with-Broomhill

**Weeting-with-Broomhill** is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of 25.16 km2 (9.71 sq mi) and had a population of 1,751 in 786 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 1,839 in 814 households at the 2011 Census. The area of the parish includes the village of Weeting. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Breckland. The parish covers the area to the north of Brandon.

The parish contains a neolithic site known as Grimes Graves. This is an extensive system of stone-age flint mines. Now a scheduled monument looked after by English Heritage.

Council website: http://blofieldpc.norfolkparishes.gov.uk/weetingwithbroomhill/

Media related to Weeting-with-Broomhill at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Weeting-with-Broomhill | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| Grimes Graves | |
| Weeting-with-BroomhillLocation within Norfolk | |
| Area | 25.16 km2 (9.71 sq mi) |
| Population | 1,839 (2011 census) |
| Density | 73/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | TL798908 |
| Civil parish | * Weeting-with-Broomhill |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BRANDON |
| Postcode district | IP27 |
|  | |
| Police | Norfolk |
| Fire | Norfolk |
| Ambulance | East of England |
|  | |
| Website | Council website |
|


title: PASCAL (database)

abstract: PASCAL is a scientific bibliographic database, which is maintained by INIST (CNRS). PASCAL covers the core scientific literature in science, technology and medicine with a special emphasis on European literature. As of 2012, PASCAL maintains a database of more than 17 million records, 90% of which are author abstracts. Its coverage is from 1973 to present. Its source documents are composed of journal articles at 88%, proceedings at 9%, and dissertations, books, patents, and reports account combined for 3%.

text:
# PASCAL (database)

**PASCAL** is a scientific bibliographic database, which is maintained by INIST (CNRS). PASCAL covers the core scientific literature in science, technology and medicine with a special emphasis on European literature.

As of 2012, PASCAL maintains a database of more than 17 million records, 90% of which are author abstracts. Its coverage is from 1973 to present. Its source documents are composed of journal articles at 88% (3,085 international titles), proceedings at 9%, and dissertations, books, patents, and reports account combined for 3%.

## InfoBox

PASCAL
| Producer | INIST (France) |
| --- | --- |
| Languages | French, English, Spanish |
| Access | |
| Providers | Datastar, Dialog, Ovid Technologies, Questel.Orbit, QWAM System, STN International |
| Cost | Subscription |
| Coverage | |
| Disciplines | Science, technology, medicine |
| Record depth | Index & abstract |
| Format coverage | Journal articles (88%); conference proceedings (9%); dissertations, books, patents, reports (3%) |
| Temporal coverage | 1973-present |
| Geospatial coverage | Worldwide, with emphasis on France and Europe |
| No. of records | \> 17,000,000 |
| Update frequency | Weekly |
| Links | |
| Website | www.inist.fr?PASCAL-73&lang=en |


title: The Stick Up Kids

abstract: The Stick Up Kids is a 2008 film directed by Hawthorne James and starring Bryce Wilson, Mel Jackson, Tariq Alexander, and Hawthorne James.

text:
# The Stick Up Kids

***The Stick Up Kids*** is a 2008 film directed by Hawthorne James and starring Bryce Wilson, Mel Jackson, Tariq Alexander, and Hawthorne James.

## Premise

Four friends from Harlem resort to con games and armed robbery in order to make ends meet, but they find their friendship put to the test when an influential slumlord plots to gentrify their neighborhood. Now, in order to prove that they can't be bought out or pushed around by a man who thinks everyone has their price, these four young hustlers are about to carry out their most ambitious and treacherous scam to date.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Stick Up Kids | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Hawthorne James |
| Written by | Debora Heflin
Tariq Alexander |
| Produced by | Tariq Alexander |
| Starring | Mel Jackson
Bryce Wilson
Tariq Alexander
Hawthorne James |
| Music by | David Harris
Tariq Alexander
John Fitzgerald McGill |
| Production
company | The System Within Film Production |
| Distributed by | Imagine Entertainment |
| Release date | * February 15, 2008 (2008-02-15) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: WNBA elite draft

abstract: In 1997, the Women's National Basketball Association was created. In order to give new teams reasonable talent, the league decided to have two drafts. There was the normal collegiate draft that most professional sports leagues hold. There was also the WNBA elite draft. The elite draft allowed teams to pick players that have already graduated from college and have gone on to play professionally on other American teams or overseas. The following is the list of how players were picked in the 1997 WNBA elite draft. After this draft, the normal collegiate draft took place.

text:
# WNBA elite draft

In 1997, the Women's National Basketball Association was created. In order to give new teams reasonable talent, the league decided to have two drafts. There was the normal collegiate draft that most professional sports leagues hold. There was also the **WNBA elite draft**. The elite draft allowed teams to pick players that have already graduated from college and have gone on to play professionally on other American teams or overseas.

The following is the list of how players were picked in the 1997 WNBA elite draft. After this draft, the normal collegiate draft took place.

## Round 1

| Pick | Player | Nationality | WNBA Team | School/Club Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Dena Head (G) | United States | Utah Starzz | Tennessee |
| 2 | Isabelle Fijalkowski (C/F) | France | Cleveland Rockers | Colorado |
| 3 | Rhonda Mapp (C/F) | United States | Charlotte Sting | North Carolina State |
| 4 | Kym Hampton (C/F) | United States | New York Liberty | Arizona State |
| 5 | Wanda Guyton (F) | United States | Houston Comets | South Florida |
| 6 | Judy Mosley-McAfee (F) | United States | Sacramento Monarchs | Hawaii |
| 7 | Bridget Pettis (F) | United States | Phoenix Mercury | Florida |
| 8 | Daedra Charles (C) | United States | Los Angeles Sparks | Tennessee |

## Round 2

| Pick | Player | Nationality | WNBA Team | School/Club Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | Wendy Palmer (F) | United States | Utah Starzz | Virginia |
| 10 | Lynette Woodard (G) | United States | Cleveland Rockers | Kansas |
| 11 | Michi Atkins (F) | United States | Charlotte Sting | Texas Tech |
| 12 | Vickie Johnson (F) | United States | New York Liberty | Louisiana Tech |
| 13 | Janeth Arcain (F) | Brazil | Houston Comets | Brazil |
| 14 | Mikiko Hagiwara (G) | Japan | Sacramento Monarchs | Japan |
| 15 | Nancy Lieberman-Cline (G) | United States | Phoenix Mercury | Old Dominion |
| 16 | Zheng Haixia (C) | China | Los Angeles Sparks | China |


title: Ngaralda

abstract: The Ngaralda (Ngaralta), also known as Meru or Brabirawilung, were an indigenous Australian people of South Australia.

text:
# Ngaralda

The **Ngaralda** (Ngaralta), also known as Meru or Brabirawilung (though this last may be confusion with Brabralung), were an indigenous Australian people of South Australia.

## Country

In Norman Tindale's estimation the Ngaralta possessed some 300 square miles (780 km2) of tribal lands, from Wood Hill on the Murray River to Port Mannum. Their western confines were at Bremer Creek, Palmer, and as far as the eastern scarp of the Mount Lofty Ranges. Their boundary with the Jarildekald was at *Pitjaringgarang* (Mason Rock) on the eastern bank of the Murray.

## Alternative names

* *Ngaraltu*
* *Wanaulun*
* *Wanjakalde* (Jarildekald exonyms)
* *Wanyakalde*
* *Wunyakalde*
* *Wanakald*

### Citations

1. S4 Ngaralda at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2. Tindale 1974, p. 215.
3. Edwards & Stewart 1980, p. 48.

## Sources

* Brown, A. R. (July–December 1918). "Notes on the Social Organization of Australian Tribes". *The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland*. **48**: 222–253. doi:10.2307/2843422. JSTOR 2843422.
* Edwards, Robert; Stewart, Jenny, eds. (1980). *Preserving Indigenous Cultures: A New Role for Museums*. Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 9780642049803.
* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Ngaralta (SA)". *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.


title: Monsieur et Madame jokes

abstract: A Monsieur et Madame joke is originally a French type of joke, which takes the form of a riddle. It involves providing the surname of a husband and wife and asking for their child's given name, with the answer forming a pun. For example, Monsier and Madame Mauve are said to have a son called Guy, where his name is a homophone for guimauve ("marshmallow").

text:
# Monsieur et Madame jokes

A ***Monsieur et Madame* joke** is originally a French type of joke, which takes the form of a riddle. It involves providing the surname of a husband and wife and asking for their child's given name, with the answer forming a pun. For example, Monsier and Madame Mauve are said to have a son called Guy, where his name is a homophone for *guimauve* ("marshmallow").

## History

The inventor of this type of joke has never been clearly determined. Several historic examples have been recorded.

### Origins

Wordplay that links an actual surname (or a title) to an imaginary family name has been around since the 18th century:

* In 1770, Marquis de Bièvre invented *comtesse Tation* and *l'abbé Quille*.
    + *comtesse Tation*   same pronunciation in French as *contestation* ("dispute")
    + *l'abbé Quille*  same pronunciation as *la béquille* ("the crutch")
* In 1882, Alphonse Allais invented *Jean Rougy de Ontt*, *Tony Truand*, *Tom Hatt*, *Sarah Vigott*, *Azutat Laure*.
    + *Jean Rougy de Ontt*  *j'en rougis de honte* ("I blush from shame")
    + *Tom Hatt*  *tomate* ("tomato")
* In 1893, Christophe from the comic strip La Famille Fenouillard invented *Guy Mauve* and *Max Hillaire*.

### The game of in-memoriam

"M. et Mme Hocquard de Tours (I. & V.) have the joy of announcing the birth of their son Adhémar.". — (a \[= elle\] démarre au quart de tour), referring to a car that "starts within a quarter turn" (from the time cars were cranked manually).

### The first *Monsieur et Madame* jokes

They found:

* + Judas ... Nana (jus d'ananas → pineapple juice)
    + Elvira ... Sacuti (elle vira sa cuti → she dramatically changed her mind)
    + Ferdinand ... Saint-Malo à la nage c'est pas d'la tarte (faire Dinan - Saint-Malo à la nage, c'est pas d'la tarte → swimming from Dinan to Saint-Malo is not a piece of cake)

> Mr. and Mrs. Gre have a daughter, what's her name?
> \- Nadine! (Gre, Nadine → grenadine)

## In French culture

### Music

The song *Le Papa du papa* (1966) by Boby Lapointe is based partially on this idea, mixing births, marriages, genealogy, first names and extended surnames in a complicated manner, in order to end up in the last line with a son with the contrived name of:

* *Yvan-Sévère-Aimé Bossac de Noyau Dépêche*
    + same pronunciation as: *il vend ses verres et mes beaux sacs de noyaux de pêche*, meaning "he sells his glasses and my beautiful bags of peach stones"

### Comic strip

Example of a dialogue :

> Monsieur et Madame Naiempalépourmoinsqueça ont un fils...
>
> \- Jean?
>
> Goscinny / Tabary, *La Tête de turc d'Iznogoud*

### Theatre

In the 1972 play *Le noir te va si bien*, Maria Pacôme and Jean le Poulain play a « surname game » (with « Mr. and Mrs. have... »), with the loser having to throw him or herself off a cliff. Following the example (the daughter of Micoton (Mylène)), they successively came up with: the son of Danleta (Alphonse), the son of Teuzemani (Gédéon), the daughter of Enfaillite (Mélusine) and the son of Dalor (Homère).

### Other media

### Television series

This type of word play was also used by Bart and Lisa in their telephone gags, in the series *The Simpsons*.

## In English

"Mr & Mrs jokes" have been commonly featured in the "late arrivals" round of the radio panel show "I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue", broadcast on BBC Radio 4 since 1972, where the contestants announce the arrival of fictional guests. For example, "And will you welcome Mr and Mrs O'Reef, and their wonderful son Great Barry O'Reef!"

## Use in speech therapy

The joke has been employed by some speech therapists as an activity while interacting with adolescents. It may be done in the usual form, or in reverse: the therapist gives the first name, and the adolescent needs to find the surname.

## Further reading

* A. Nonyme (pseudonyme),  *Monsieur et Madame ont un fils*, tome 1, Michel Lafon, 1994; rééd. J'ai Lu, 1995
* A. Nonyme (pseudonyme),  *Monsieur et Madame ont un fils*, tome 2, Michel Lafon, 1995; rééd. J'ai Lu, 1996
* Michaël Dupont, *Monsieur et madame ont un fils*, Grancher, 2003 ISBN 2-7339-0824-3
* Quentin Le Goff, illustrations de Bérangère Delaporte, *Monsieur et madame ont un fils*, Tourbillon, 2009 ISBN 9782848014654
* Laurent Gaulet, *Monsieur et madame ont un fils ! ou une fille : comment l'appellent-ils ?* , First éd., 2010 ISBN 9782754015752
* Collectif, *Monsieur et madame ont un fils*, collection « Les blagues culte », Marabout, 2012 ISBN 9782501080125
* Arnaud Demanche et Stéphane Rose, *Monsieur et madame Timètre ont un fils, comment s'appelle-t-il ? : spécial sexe*, coll. « Le sexe qui rit », éd. La Musardine, 2014 ISBN 9782842719807
* Éric Mathivet, *400 monsieur & madame ont un fils : & autres blagues*, Hachette loisirs, 2016


title: Ramchandrapur, Purba Bardhaman

abstract: Ramchandrapur is a village in Bhatar CD block in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.

text:
# Ramchandrapur, Purba Bardhaman

**Ramchandrapur** is a village in Bhatar CD block in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## History

Census 2011 Ramchandrapur Village Location Code or Village Code 319764. The village of Ramchandrapur is located in the Bhatar tehsil of Burdwan district in West Bengal, India.

## Demographics

The total geographic area of village is 451.89 hectares. Ramchandrapur features a total population of 3,221 peoples. There are about 762 houses in Ramchandrapur village. Ratanpur is nearest Village to Kumarun which is approximately 2 km away.

## Caste

In Ramchandrapur village, most of the villagers are from Schedule Caste (SC). Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 49.95% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 1.27% of total population in Ramchandrapur village.

## Population and house data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Total no. of houses | **762** | - | - |
| Population | **3,221** | 1,604 | 1,617 |
| Child (0–6) | **304** | 161 | 143 |
| Schedule Caste | **1,609** | 797 | 812 |
| Schedule Tribe | 41 | 19 | 22 |

## Work

In Ramchandrapur village, out of total population, 1495 were engaged in work activities. 77.99% of workers describe their work as main work (employment or earning more than 6 Months) while 22.01% were involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1495 workers engaged in main work, 195 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 632 were agricultural labourer.

## Transport

At around 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Purba Bardhaman, the journey to Santoshpur from the town can be made by bus and nearest rail station Bhatar.

## Healthcare

Nearest Rural Hospital at Bhatar (with 60 beds) is the main medical facility in Bhatar CD block. There are primary health centres

## InfoBox

| Ramchandrapur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| RamchandrapurLocation in West Bengal, IndiaRamchandrapurRamchandrapur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°15′10.4″N 88°00′07.0″E / 23.252889°N 88.001944°E / 23.252889; 88.001944 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Purba Bardhaman |
| Rank | 3,221 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Bengali, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 713125 |
| Telephone/STD code | 0342 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Bardhaman-Durgapur |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Bhatar |
| Website | purbabardhaman.gov.in |


title: One drop

abstract:
One drop may refer to:
  - One Drop Foundation, a non-profit organization that advocates for equal access to water
  - Big One for One Drop, a poker tournament featuring the largest buy-in events
  - One drop rhythm, a rhythmic pattern used in reggae music and related styles
  - One-drop rule, a law in the south of the USA before the USA Civil War that stated that a person with any African ancestry was considered black

text:
# One drop

**One drop** may refer to:

* One Drop Foundation, a non-profit organization that advocates for equal access to water
* Big One for One Drop, a poker tournament featuring the largest buy-in events
* One drop rhythm, a rhythmic pattern used in reggae music and related styles
* One-drop rule, a law in the south of the USA before the USA Civil War that stated that a person with any African ancestry was considered black

## Songs