title: Hôtel Byblos

abstract: Hôtel Byblos, or Le Byblos, is a luxury hotel in Saint-Tropez, in the Var region in France, built by Lebanese hotelier Jean-Prosper Gay-Para. The hotel is open from April to October and is closed for winter. It has 91 rooms, of which 50 are suites. The hotel looks like a hamlet, a set of small buildings attached to each other over an area of 5,500 m2.

text:
# Hôtel Byblos

**Hôtel Byblos**, or **Le Byblos**, is a luxury hotel in Saint-Tropez, in the Var region in France, built by Lebanese hotelier Jean-Prosper Gay-Para. The hotel is open from April to October and is closed for winter. It has 91 rooms, of which 50 are suites. The hotel looks like a hamlet, a set of small buildings attached to each other over an area of 5,500 m2.

## History

According to legend, Jean-Prosper Gay-Para, a billionaire Lebanese hotelier dreamed of building a palace for Brigitte Bardot, with whom he was infatuated. Building on this "Phoenician" and "Tropezian" style hotel began in 1965, with an architecture very different from that of the large luxury hotels of Cannes or Monte-Carlo, it was named after the Lebanese port city of Byblos that was frequented by Lebanese and international jet setters.

The hotel was inaugurated on May 27, 1967, in the presence of French models and actresses Mireille Darc and Brigitte Bardot. There were more than 700 guests, many of whom were celebrities, such as Françoise Sagan, René Clair, Maurice Escande, Bernard and Annabel Buffet, Eddie Barclay, Jean Lescudier (mayor of Saint-Tropez), Jean-Paul Roy (governor of the Var Region), Alexandre de Paris, Paco Rabanne, Jean Bousquet, Gérard Khoury (Director of Tourism in Lebanon), Lucien Barrière, Jacques Chazot, Juliette Greco, Michel Piccoli, Gilbert Trigano, Eddy Mitchell and Michel Polnareff. Subsequently, many media personalities continue to pass through this hotel or its nightclub.

The team surrounded Jean-Prosper Gay-Para, his wife, Médéa, and Francis Ducluzeau, the director, who welcomed the guests from Saint-Tropez, Paris and Lebanese. In July 1967, "Les Caves du roy", a temple of Tropezian nights, opened its doors.

But when the Six-Day War broke out in June 1967, Jean-Prosper Gay-Para decided to return to Beirut to manage his hotels. The hotel was sold on September 19 to businessman Sylvain Floirat.

In 1971, Mick Jagger married Bianca Pérez Mora-Macias at the hotel, and it quickly became a popular destination for celebrities which has continued with contemporary stars like Lady Gaga staying the establishment.

On 28 June 2012, the hotel received the prestigious, French designation of *palace*.

The Byblos called on the Italian architect and designer Antonio Citterio to design the restaurant called Rivea at Byblos.

In May 2017, le Byblos et les Caves du Roy celebrated their 50th anniversary. Several partnerships took place for this event, with Audemars Piguet, Rolls-Royce, Dom Pérignon, Goyard, Sisley and Missoni Home, which is redecorating the largest suite of the hotel (180 m2) and Les Caves du Roy was also remodeled for the occasion.

Byblos achieved a turnover of €21,950,200 in 2017. The average annual workforce is 140 employees.

## Films set at Le Byblos

1. "Thousand and One Nights". Port Magazine. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
2. Fraysse, Bertrand (21 December 2018). "Le Palais des 1001 Fêtes". No. 524. Challenges. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
3. "6 raisons de séjourner au Byblos, l'hôtel emblématique de Saint-Tropez !". *Forbes France* (in French). 2021-09-05. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
4. "Byblos, la légende d'un palace". *Le Temps* (in French). 2017-07-07. ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
5. Bertrand Fraysse (1 June 2017). "Le palais des 1001 fêtes". *Challenges* (524): 84 à 86. ISSN 0751-4417. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
6. Fraysse, Bertrand (21 December 2018). "Le Palais des 1001 Fêtes". No. 524. Challenges. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
7. Murray, Tom (1 March 2019). "Meet the manager of Saint-Tropez's most star-studded, Champagne-fueled hotel, where Lady Gaga once arrived hiding behind a handbag". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
8. Fraysse, Bertrand (21 December 2018). "Le Palais des 1001 Fêtes". No. 524. Challenges. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
9. Fraysse, Bertrand (21 December 2018). "Le Palais des 1001 Fêtes". No. 524. Challenges. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
10. "fiche d'identité et bilans de l'entreprise Byblos". *www.societe.com*. Retrieved 2019-08-23.


title: Omassery

abstract: Omassery is a town in Kozhikode district, Kerala, India and it is a junction between Thiruvambady, Thamarassery, Mukkam, Koduvally, Kodenchery and Kattangal. Omassery is located 29 kilometers southeast of Kozhikode in the eastern part of Kerala; better known as Malabar. Omassery is a fast developing place and is well connected to the other parts of the state. Besides that, it is known as the gateway to the hill ranges of Western Ghats in Malabar.

text:
# Omassery

**Omassery** is a town in Kozhikode district, Kerala, India and it is a junction between Thiruvambady, Thamarassery, Mukkam, Koduvally, Kodenchery and Kattangal. Omassery is located 29 kilometers southeast of Kozhikode in the eastern part of Kerala; better known as Malabar (Northern Kerala). Omassery is a fast developing place and is well connected to the other parts of the state. Besides that, it is known as the gateway to the hill ranges of Western Ghats in Malabar.

## Geography

Omassery is located at 11°18′0″N 75°58′30″E / 11.30000°N 75.97500°E / 11.30000; 75.97500. The total area of the Panchayat is 25.46 square kilometres (9.83 sq mi)

## Demographics

As of 2001 census the total population of the panchayat is 25,420, which constitute 12511 Males and 12909 females. The population density is 998 per km2 which is more than the state average. The sex ratio is 1000:1032. The people are highly literate. The literacy rate is 88.05 (Male: 93.62 and female 82.76).

## Towns and suburbs of Omassery

Koduvally, Kunnamangalam, Thamarassery, Mukkam, Thiruvambady, Kodenchery, NIT(REC)

Koodathai, Venappara, Neeleswaram, Ambalakkandy, Vennakode, Malayamma, Velimanna, Kallurutty, Puthur, north puthur Nadammal Poyil and Manipuram.

## Panchayath Wards and present members

Omassery Panchayath consists of 19 wards. In ward number order, with ward, member name and party indicated:

1. Koodathai Shyni (Koodahai)
2. Kakkadakunnu Shyni Babu (CPIM)
3. Chemmaruthai Manu E J (INC)
4. Peruvilly Gracy (INC)
5. Korothiri Girija Sumod Kumar (CPIM)
6. Omassery EAST CA Ayisha Teacher (Independent)
7. Omassery WEST P.V. Abdu Rahiman Master (IUML)
8. Ambalakkandy yoonus ambalakkandy (IUML)
9. Allumthara ashokan (IUML)
10. Vennakkode C.K. Kkadeeja Muhammed (IUML)
11. NadammalPoyil M.C. Rafeenathulukhan (IUML)
12. Kaniyarkandam Paranghottil Ibrahim (INDEPENDENT)
13. Kulathakkara Sainudheen Bappu (IUML)
14. Velimanna Thatha (IUML)
15. Puthur. Abdul Nasar Pulikkal (IUML)
16. Mangad WEST Chandramathi Puthanpurayil (CPIM)
17. Mangad EAST Sre Eba Areekkal (CPIM)
18. Chakkikave T.T. Mandjkumar (CPIM)
19. Meppally K.K. Radakrishnan (CPIM)

## Major institutions

1. Al irshad Arts And Science, College Thechyad Omassery
2. G U P S Puthur
3. Wadihuda Higher Secondary School (Unaided), Omassery
4. Al Irshad Technical Higher Secondary School, Techyad Omassery
5. Vidya Poshini ALP School, Omassery
6. Vadihuda English School (CBSE), Omassery
7. Al Irshad Central School (English Medium), Techyad Omassery
8. Al Irshad High School (Malayalam Medium), Techyad Omassery
9. Al Irshad Industrial School, Techyad Omassery
10. Santhi School of Nursing, Omassery
11. Santhi Paramedical Training Centre, Omassery
12. Wadihuda Arabic College, Omassery
13. Pleasant English School Omassery
14. Pleasant Arts College., Omassery
15. Al Irshad Women's College, Techyad Omassery
16. Vadihuda Orphanage & Destitute Home, Omassery
17. Izzathul Islam Madrassa, Omassery
18. Winpoint Guidance Academy, Omassery
19. Santhi College of Nursing, Omassery
20. G.M.U.P. School Velimanna Omassery
21. Sunanul Huda Madrasa, Omassery
22. Badrul Huda Madrasa, Thazhe Omassery
23. Al Madrasathul Islamiya, Omassery
24. G.M.L.P. School Kedayathur
25. Holy Family Venappara
26. St. Mary's Higher Secondary School Koodathai
27. Almanar Arabic College Omassery
28. Track College Omassery
29. DELTA PLUS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

## Nonprofit organisations

* Karma Disaster Management Team, Omassery, a group of young energetic members who are ready to serve all peoples in need in any emergency situations.
* Sevana Charitable Society, Omassery
* Shihab Thangal Memorial Charitable Trust (SMCT), Omassery
* CMCO GCC, Cholakkal Mahall Charity Omassery, an initiation by 200+ peoples from Omassery Cholakkal Mahall who works in GCC countries
* Karunyam, a charity initiative by youths in Omassery.
* Karuna Charitable Society
* Youth Wing Puthoor
* Sukrutham, a charity initiative by Santi Hospital Omassery for the Kidney patients of the underprivileged sections of the society whose numbers are increasing day by day. Since its inception in May 2008 m ore than 2000 dialysis have been conducted out of which 68% received concession.
* Pain and Palliative Care Clinic, a clinic guided by the Pain and Palliative Society of Calicut, Government Medical College which has a team of highly qualified and trained doctors accompanied by nurses and volunteers. The clinic was incepted in the year 2003, until now more than 250 patients have been registered in the clinic and among them about 55% were cancer patients.

## Hospitals

* Santhi Hospital Omassery, a 300 bedded hospital multi-specialty hospital. The hospital facilities reach an approximate population of over 10 lakh spread over 375 km2 (145 sq mi).
* Govt. Community Health Centre, Omassery
* Govt. Ayurveda Dispensary, Omassery (Koodathai Bazar)
* Govt. Homeo Dispensary, Omassery
* Govt. Veterinary Hospital Thazhe Omassery

## Other clinics

* Taj Yunani Clinic, Omassery
* Similiya Homeo Clinic, Omassery
* Dr Sudhir's Clinic, Thazhe Omasseri
* Calicut Center for Advanced Mental Health Care and Psychotherapy, Venappara
* Nagarjuna Ayurveda Oushadhasala, Omassery
* Good Life Ayurveda clinic Thazhe Omassery
* Darussyifa Ayurveda clinic Omassery
* Mother's Clinic Koduvally road Omassery
* Dr Mohandas evening clinic
* Areekyal Vaidhyar

## Banks

## Non-banking financial companies

## Religious places

* Anwarul Islam Masjid Omassery
* Chokur Sree Rama Temple
* Cholakkal Juma Masjid, Omassery
* Holy Family Church, Venappara
* Kaniyar Kandam Juma Masjid
* Koovvchalil Masjid
* Nadukil Shiva temple
* Pazhedath Shiva Temple
* Puthur Subrahmanya temple, Mangad
* Rayarukandy Sunni Masjid, Omassery
* Thechyad Juma Masjid
* Velimanna Juma Masjid

## Transport

By Air Calicut International Airport (Karipur), the nearest airport is just 36 kilometres away from this area. By Train The nearest Railway station is at Kozhikode.

### How to reach by road

* Thiruvananthapuram - Kochi - Guruvayoor/Thrissur - Pattambi - Perinthalmanna - Manjeri - Areekode - Mukkam - Omassery
* Kozhikode - Kunnamangalam - REC (NIT) / Koduvally - Omassery
* Koyilandy - Thamarassery - Omassery
* Wayanad - Adivaram - Thamarassery - Omassery
* Nilambur - Areekode - Mukkam - Omassery
* Thusharagiri - Kodenchery - Omassery
* Kakkadampoyil \- Koombarakoodaranji - Thiruvambady - Omassery

Omassery is the crossing of State Highways Koyilandy - Edavanna and Kappad-Thusharagiri-Adivaram. The location is well connected by roads from various corners and is a main junction for surrounding various panchayaths and villages. Moreover, it gives more geographical importance to this place as this is an important gateway to the hill ranges of western Ghat of Malabar. Thiruvambady, Thamarassery, Koduvally, Mukkam and Kodencheri are near by places of Omassery.

There is one bus stand and bus services available to places such as Kozhikode, Mukkam, Koduvally, Thamarassery, Thiruvambady, Kodenchery, Anakkampoyil.

The Kilometer chart from Kozhikode to Omassery is given below.

The Kilometer chart through road from Omassery is given below.

| Kozhikode \- 29 km | Thamarassery \- 9 km | Manjeri \- 36 km |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mukkam \- 7 km | Malappuram \- 48 km | Ernakulam \- 190 km | Guruvayur \- 115 km |
| Perinthalmanna \- 60 km | Areekode \- 20 km | Palakkad \- 122 km |
| Thiruvambady \- 6 km | Thrissur \- 133 km | Anakkampoyil \- 19 km |
| Koduvally \- 6 km | Koyilandy \- 37 km | Thiruvananthapuram \- 414 km |
| Kodencheri \- 10 km | Kalpetta \- 58 km | Nilambur \- 50 km |

Media related to Omassery at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Omassery | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Omassery | |
| Coordinates: 11°18′0″N 75°58′30″E / 11.30000°N 75.97500°E / 11.30000; 75.97500 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kozhikode |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Kozhikode |
| Government | |
| Body | Omassery |
| Member of Parliament | M. K. Raghavan |
| M.L.A | M. K. Muneer |
| Panchayath President | Abdul Nasar Pulikkal |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.46 km2 (9.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 25,420 |
| Density | 998/km2 (2,580/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 673582 |
| Telephone code | 91495228 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-57 |
| Nearest city | Kozhikode, koduvally |
| Sex ratio | 1000:1032 / |
| Literacy rate | 88.05% |


title: SCR-54

abstract: The SCR-54 was a tunable, portable crystal radio receiver used by the U. S. Army during World War I for fire control in conjunction with airplanes.

text:
# SCR-54

The **SCR-54** was a tunable, portable crystal radio receiver used by the U. S. Army during World War I for fire control in conjunction with airplanes.

## History

French radio equipment was more advanced than that of the U. S. Army when the United States entered World War I. The U. S. Army therefore adopted French sets early on, and developed improved sets of their own, some based on French design. Several of the French A-1 artillery receiving set were sent to the American radio laboratory in the summer of 1917 and copied with minor modifications. It was first released as the AR-4 in limited numbers for field tests, supervised by Captain Edwin Armstrong. Several changes were made based on his suggestions. The receiver was redesigned and reissued as the SCR-54 (Set, Complete, Radio). Since there was high demand, several companies produced these sets or components, including DeForest Radio Telephone and Telegraph, Liberty Electric, Wireless Specialty Apparatus, Marconi, and General Radio.

## Specifications

Its primary (antenna) and secondary circuits were both tunable by variable capacitance and inductance. A crystal detector (Type DC-1) and telephone circuit were connected to the secondary circuit. It could receive wavelengths from 250–550 meters (545 to 1200 kHz). The receiver included two crystal (galena) detectors, one sealed in glass, and the other not, which were attached on the surface of the receiver. A buzzer circuit, powered by a BA-4 battery, was mounted in the box cover and used to adjust the crystal.

The set was compact and mounted in a wooden box, type BC-14. The lid of the box held the buzzer circuit, detectors, a screwdriver, two P-11 telephone headsets, spare parts, extra crystals, and an operating manual, “Radio Pamphlet No. 3”.

The receiver was intended to be used with antenna type A-2 or A-2-B.

## Vacuum Tube Detector

There was an optional vacuum tube detector, type DT-3-A, available for the SCR-54. It used a VT-1 vacuum tube powered by a BA-2 battery. The type number was originally SCR-55, later changed to DT-3, then DT-3-A. The crystal proved more popular in field use.

## SCR-54-A

The SCR-54-A featured electrical and mechanical improvements over the SCR-54. Most notably, the buzzer circuit was removed from the lid and incorporated into the chassis of the receiver proper.

## Use

The SCR-54 was intended to be used at artillery stations to receive messages from fire control aircraft. Many were produced but relatively few reached the field before the war ended. Some were retained by the Signal Corps, but the bulk, most never used, were sold as surplus to the public, becoming a favorite of amateurs.


title: Helen Mason (journalist)

abstract: Helen Mason Young was a journalist and children's author. She gave up a journalistic career with the Daily Express after she married the political journalist Hugo Young and decided care for her four children. As they grew older, she began to return to paid work. She completed a number of successful children's books under her married name, Helen Young, including Wide Awake Jake, A Throne for Sesame and What Difference Does it Make, Danny? whose target age-groups grew along with her own children. Eventually she resumed her journalism as a freelance columnist on a number of newspapers, such as The Observer and The Sunday Times. As a journalist she was usually credited under her maiden name Helen Mason, and occasionally other pseudonyms to protect her children from the embarrassment of being identified by their friends with some of her more personal observations about them.

text:
# Helen Mason (journalist)

**Helen Mason Young** (1938 in Glasgow, Scotland – 1989 in London, UK) was a journalist and children's author.

She gave up a journalistic career with the *Daily Express* after she married the political journalist Hugo Young and decided care for her four children. As they grew older, she began to return to paid work. She completed a number of successful children's books under her married name, Helen Young, including *Wide Awake Jake*, *A Throne for Sesame* and *What Difference Does it Make, Danny?* whose target age-groups grew along with her own children.

Eventually she resumed her journalism as a freelance columnist on a number of newspapers, such as *The Observer* and *The Sunday Times*. As a journalist she was usually credited under her maiden name Helen Mason, and occasionally other pseudonyms to protect her children from the embarrassment of being identified by their friends with some of her more personal observations about them.


title: John I, Duke of Lorraine

abstract: John I was the Duke of Lorraine from 1346 to his death. As an infant of six months, he succeeded his father, Rudolph, who was killed in the Battle of Crécy. His mother was Marie of Blois.

text:
# John I, Duke of Lorraine

**John I** (February 1346  23 September 1390) was the Duke of Lorraine from 1346 to his death. As an infant of six months, he succeeded his father, Rudolph, who was killed in the Battle of Crécy. His mother was Marie of Blois.

## Life

During John's long minority, the regency was in the hands of his mother and Eberhard III of Württemberg. In December 1353, he did homage for the duchy to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, who made him lieutenant-general of the Empire in the Moselle country. In 1354, John II of France granted John a dispensation which allowed him to govern the duchy despite not yet being of age.

John participated in the Lithuanian Crusade at the sides of the Teutonic Knights against Lithuania in 1356 and again in 1365.

On 19 September 1356, John fought in the Battle of Poitiers, where thousands of French soldiers were mowed down by English longbowmen. He survived, however, unlike his father, to fight again, although he was taken prisoner by the English. John later fought on the side of the Dauphin Charles in putting down the Parisian rebellion of Étienne Marcel. He attended Charles' coronation on 19 May 1364 in Rheims, strengthening the ties to France which had steadily been building in Lorraine for the past century.

John entered the War of the Breton Succession to aid his uncle Charles of Blois against John of Montfort. At the Battle of Auray on 29 September 1364 with Montfort as undisputed duke and Charles dead on the field, he was taken prisoner.

John continued to aid Charles V and Charles VI to reconquer the provinces lost by the Treaty of Brétigny, but in his latter years, he distanced himself from the French court. This was due, in part, to the free companies ravaging his lands and the royal officials who tried to litigate the relationship between John (an Imperial vassal) and his vassals. In the end, he entered into *rapprochement* with Philip II, Duke of Burgundy. Nonetheless, John died in Paris on 22 September 1390, defending himself against a charge of abuse of power by the people of Neufchâteau.

## Family

John married Sophie of Württemberg (1343–1369), daughter of Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg and Elizabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen, in 1361.They had issue:

John later married Marguerite de Chini (d. 1372), who is interred at Orval Abbey.

## Sources

* Bogdan, Henry (2007). *La Lorraine des Ducs* (in French). Perrin.
* Chattaway, Carol (2006). *The Order of the Golden Tree: The Gift-Giving Objectives of Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy*. Brepols.

## InfoBox

| John I | |
| --- | --- |
| Effigy of John I (*Iean I*) in Nancy | |
| Duke of Lorraine | |
| Reign | 26 August 1346 - 27 September 1390 |
| Predecessor | Rudolph |
| Successor | Charles II |
|  | |
| Born | February 1346 (1346-02) |
| Died | 23 September 1390(1390-09-23) (aged 44)
Paris |
| Spouse | Sophie of Württemberg |
| Issue | Charles II
Frederick, Count of Vaudémont
Isabelle |
| House | House of Metz |
| Father | Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine |
| Mother | Marie of Blois |


title: USS Owera

abstract: USS Owera (SP-167), was an armed yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919. The vessel, under the name O-We-Ra, was built as a steam yacht in Leith, Scotland in 1907 for Frederick H. Stevens of Buffalo, New York. In 1915 the yacht was sold to United States Senator Peter G. Gerry of Rhode Island and registered in Providence, Rhode Island as Owera. Owera remained under Gerry's ownership through the Navy's free lease and after until sold to George W. C. Drexel of Philadelphia between publication of the United States register of 30 June 1926 and that of 30 June 1927 to become one of his series of yachts named Alcedo. By publication of the 30 June 1928 register the vessel had been sold to British interests as Josephine and left U.S. registry. By 30 June 1930 the vessel was again registered in the U.S. as O-We-Ra under ownership of Edmund S. Burke of New York until sometime before 30 June 1934 when it appears as South Wind owned by the South Wind Corporation, New York until the 1936 register when South Wind is sold into British ownership. Traces of the vessel, again O-We-Ra, show location in Canada and then becoming an armed yacht with Royal Navy service during World War II with final naval service in Trinidad. After the war the vessel appears to have had a commercial role until it disappears from registries in 1966.

text:
# USS Owera

**USS *Owera* (SP-167)**, was an armed yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919. The vessel, under the name ***O-We-Ra***, was built as a steam yacht in Leith, Scotland in 1907 for Frederick H. Stevens of Buffalo, New York. In 1915 the yacht was sold to United States Senator Peter G. Gerry of Rhode Island and registered in Providence, Rhode Island as ***Owera***.

*Owera* remained under Gerry's ownership through the Navy's free lease and after until sold to George W. C. Drexel of Philadelphia between publication of the United States register of 30 June 1926 and that of 30 June 1927 to become one of his series of yachts named ***Alcedo***. By publication of the 30 June 1928 register the vessel had been sold to British interests as ***Josephine*** and left U.S. registry. By 30 June 1930 the vessel was again registered in the U.S. as *O-We-Ra* under ownership of Edmund S. Burke of New York until sometime before 30 June 1934 when it appears as ***South Wind*** owned by the South Wind Corporation, New York until the 1936 register when *South Wind* is sold into British ownership.

Traces of the vessel, again *O-We-Ra*, show location in Canada and then becoming an armed yacht with Royal Navy service during World War II with final naval service in Trinidad. After the war the vessel appears to have had a commercial role until it disappears from registries in 1966.

## Construction

The steam yacht, designed by Cox & King, London, was launched as hull number 207 by Ramage & Ferguson, Leith, Scotland on 2 November 1906 as *O-We-Ra*, and completed in 1907 for Frederick H. Stevens of Buffalo and New York City.

The yacht's characteristics, from later United States official documents, were for a steel-hulled steam yacht of 426 GRT with a length of 194 ft 8 in (59.3 m) length overall, 173 ft 8 in (52.9 m) length between perpendiculars, 25 ft 1 in (7.6 m) breadth, depth of 14 ft (4.3 m) and mean draft of 12 ft 11.5 in (3.9 m). The 1918 Navy ship's data information lists a top speed of 12 kn (14 mph; 22 km/h), cruising speed of 11 kn (13 mph; 20 km/h) and a cruising range of 2,000 nmi (2,300 mi; 3,700 km). One single ended boiler provided steam to drive a triple expansion engine rated at 600 horsepower. The registration indicated a crew of twenty-six as a yacht.

The Gas Engine & Power Company & Charles L. Seabury Company of New York was contracted to build 20 ft (6.1 m) and 25 ft (7.6 m) launches, a pair of 22 ft (6.7 m) lifeboats, all of mahogany, and 14 ft (4.3 m) and 16 ft (4.9 m) dinghies to be shipped to Southampton, England for *O-We-Ra*.

## Stevens Yacht

*O-We-Ra* was initially registered at Leith on 19 February 1907 as a British vessel, with Official Number 123023, though this only lasted until 1908. She appears to be registered outside U.S.A., not showing in the American register until 1915. The yacht possibly operated on both sides of the Atlantic in earliest operation.*O-We-Ra* was subject of paintings in the Bay of Naples, but shows in notes operating in North American waters in 1907 and 1911. A mention is made of "Frederick H. Stevens's new *Owera*" being present among observers at a racing event in Long Island Sound in July 1907. The yacht was in the Hudson–Fulton Celebration naval parade on the opening day, 25 September 1909. The yacht, listed as *Owera*, F. H. Stevens, was in the Second Squadron — Steam Yachts, Second Division of the all day parade of vessels and small craft.

She does officially appear in 1911 with regard to foreign built yachts, owned by U.S. citizens on 1 September 1909 when a tax of $7.00 per gross ton was levied and owners were challenging the law's validity to the United States Supreme Court. An early mention also has a possible connection with the yacht's next owner. In 1911 Stevens chartered the yacht to Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island for use between his summer home in New York and "an extended cruise east."

## Gerry Yacht

In 1915 Stevens sold the yacht to Senator Peter G. Gerry of Rhode Island at which time the yacht first appeared in the United States Registry covering 1 July 1915 to 30 June 1916 as *Owera*, official number 212974 with signal letters LFGP, port of registry Providence, Rhode Island. The Social Register for summer of 1915, under "Yachts in Commission," lists *O-We-Ra* for Stevens and *Owera* for Gerry indicating the transition took place in mid 1915.

*O-We-Ra* departed on 6 March 1915 for Washington, D.C. to join her new owner with plans to proceed on to the Pacific coast. It appears instead that Gerry joined the yacht later at Charleston, South Carolina, 19 March, where Senator Aldrich had also just arrived in *Nirvana* which was on the way north from the West Indies. *O-We-Ra*, with new owner Gerry, was bound for the West Indies then through the Panama Canal to San Francisco. On 8 June 1916 *Owera* was reported departing the previous day for the north after awaiting at anchor several days in Washington's harbor for the Senator.

## World War I service

With the United States entry into World War I Senator Gerry offered the yacht to the Navy but found that required a contract that would be illegal under current law and an action resulting in heavy fines. The transaction required passage of an act exempting the Senator, Secretary of the Navy and all other officials involved from the law prohibiting contracting between legislators and government agencies. That act was approved 12 May 1917.

The U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner Senator Gerry under free lease for service as a patrol vessel commissioned on 15 June 1917 as USS *Owera* (SP-167). The Navy formally leased her from Senator Gerry on 18 June 1917. The converted yacht's Naval crew was thirty-four, two of them officers. Armament is shown in Navy documents of the time as being two 3 inch, 50 caliber guns, a heavier and more capable gun than those in later descriptions of the guns as 6-pounders. All references show two machine guns.

Operating in the 2nd Naval District out of Newport, Rhode Island, during World War I, *Owera* patrolled in the experimental submarine zone in Long Island Sound off New London, Connecticut, through most of her U.S. Navy career. Her duties included towing torpedo targets for submarine target practice.

In October 1918 *Owera* steamed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, thence, after a run to Boston, Massachusetts, operated in the Delaware Bay area in the 4th Naval District. Proceeding to the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, in November 1918, *Owera* was decommissioned on 6 January 1919.

## Return to private operation

On 8 January 1919 the yacht was returned to Senator Gerry at New York City. The yacht remained under the ownership of Gerry into the registry published 30 June 1926 but is shown in the next issue, 1 July 1926 to 30 June 1927 as being owned by George W. C. Drexel of Philadelphia and renamed *Alcedo*. Drexel had been owner of an earlier and larger yacht of that name, sunk during the war, as USS *Alcedo* (SP-166).

Drexel's ownership was not prolonged as *Alcedo* was sold during the first half of 1928 to Canadian businessman James Playfair of Midland, Ontario, placed under the management of Frank M Ross, Montreal and renamed *Josephine*; the choice of Newcastle for her port of registry is unexplained This ownership was even shorter as the following year the yacht again reappears in the U.S. registry for 1 July 1929 to 30 June 1930, again documented as *O-We-Ra*, owned by Edmund S. Burke of New York. *O-We-Ra* owned by Burke is shown in the register through 30 June 1933 but in the next register, through 30 June 1934, appears as *South Wind* with new signal letters KLKJ, owned by the South Wind Corporation, New York, and noting former names as "British steam yacht *O-We-Ra*, *Owera*, *Alcedo*, *Josephine* and *Owera*". That status continues until the 1935—1936 register when *South Wind* is shown as sold onto the British register.

## Commercial service and World War II

As before, the British-flag owners were Canadian. In early 1936 the yacht reverted to the earlier British name *O-We-Ra*, in the ownership of the Straits Shipping & Contracting Co Ltd of Sydney, Nova Scotia, under the management of Wentworth N Macdonald though, again, registered in the UK, this time in London. She was converted for local passenger and freight services between Cape Breton Island and the Nova Scotia mainland, serving Sydney, Mulgrave and Canso. A postcard photo mailed on 6 August 1940, titled "SS *O-We-Ra* leaving Mulgrave", showing a vessel almost unchanged externally from her appearance as USS *Owera*.

On 10 May 1940, *O-We-Ra* was requisitioned by the Admiralty for Royal Navy service during World War II as an auxiliary patrol yacht. Deployment included a period as an examination vessel at Trinidad. After the war, in 1946, *O-We-Ra* was released from naval service and returned to her owners in Nova Scotia.

Resuming her Nova Scotia coastal services, *O-Re-Wa* was, in 1950, transferred to ownership of the Canso Shipping, Fishing & Industries Ltd of Sydney NS, and continued operating until she failed a safety examination in 1952 and was laid up. Later, she sank at her berth. In 1967, during the clearing of wrecks from Sydney harbour, the remains of *O-We-Ra* were raised, and then scrapped.

## Footnotes

1. Construction & Repair Bureau (Navy) (1 November 1918). *Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels*. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 302–307. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
2. *Forty-Eighth Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1916*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1916. p. 154. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
3. Naval History And Heritage Command (10 February 2016). "Owera (S. P. 167)". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Naval History And Heritage Command. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
4. "Trade News — Supply the World". *Fore'n'aft*. Vol. 2, no. 8. January 1907. p. 78. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
5. "Launch at Leith". *The Scotsman*. No. 19, 777. Edinburgh: British Newspaper Archive (subscription). 3 November 1906. p. 8. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
6. "O-We-Ra". *Scottish Built Ships*. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
7. *Summer Social Register 1915*. Vol. 29. New York: Social Register Association. June 1915. p. 655. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
8. "The American steam yacht *O-we-ra* in the bay of Naples — Antonio de Simone (Italian, 1851–1907)". Artnet Worldwide Corporation. 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
9. "American Motor Boats Among the Fastest Craft". *The New York Times*: 23. 7 July 1907. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
10. "Brilliant Naval Pageant in New York Waters". *The Nautical Gazette*. Vol. 77, no. 14. 30 September 1909. pp. 240–246. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
11. "Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation to the Secretary of Commerce, June 30, 1911". Government Printing Office. 1911: 173. Retrieved 26 October 2018. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
12. "Yachts Change Hands". *Forest and Stream*. Vol. 76, no. 22. 3 June 1911. p. 864. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
13. "Yachting Notes". *The Master, Mate and Pilot*. Vol. 7, no. 9. February 1915. p. 282. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
14. *Summer Social Register 1915 — Yachts in Commission*. Vol. 29. New York: Social Register Association. June 1915. p. 685. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
15. "Yachting Notes". *The Master, Mate and Pilot*. Vol. 7, no. 11. April 1915. p. 318. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
16. "News From the Harbors". *The Master, Mate and Pilot*. Vol. 7, no. 11. April 1915. p. 333. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
17. "*Utowana* Leaves Port — Pleasure Craft Arrive and Depart on Cruises — Others Making Ready" (PDF). *The Evening Star*. Washington, D.C.: W.D. Wallach & Hope: 20. 8 June 1916. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
18. "Spokes From the Rudder Wheel". *The Rudder*. Vol. 33, no. 5. May 1917. p. 376. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
19. "Private Laws of the Sixty-Fifth Congress". *The Statutes at Large of the United States of America from April, 1917 to March, 1919*. Government Printing Office: 1355. 1917. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
20. *Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1926*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1926. pp. 114–115. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
21. *Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1927*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1927. pp. 110–111. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
22. *Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1928 (Vessels Sold to Aliens)*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1928. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
23. *Mercantile Navy List*. London: HM Stationery Office. 1929. p. 282. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
24. *Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1930*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1930. pp. 106–107. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
25. *Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1934*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1934. pp. 820–821. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
26. *Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1936*. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Navigation. 1936. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
27. *Mercantile Navy List*. London: HM Stationery Office. 1937. p. 324. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
28. "SS *O-We-Ra* Leaving Mulgrave". CardCow.com. 1940. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
29. Colledge, J J (1970). *Ships of the Royal Navy: An Historical Index* (1st ed.). Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 269.
30. Silverstone, Paul H. (2006). *The New Navy, 1883–1922*. New York: Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 9780415978712. LCCN 2006002088. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
31. *The Navy List, Vol. 3*. London: Royal Navy (The Admiralty?). January 1945. p. 2873. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
32. Kindell, Don (4 August 2012). "America and West Indies Command". Retrieved 26 October 2018.
33. Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "Trinidad Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (TRNVR) Officers 1939–1945". Retrieved 26 October 2018.

## InfoBox

| USS *Owera* in a United States East Coast port ca. 1918. Destroyer tender USS *Prairie* is across the pier. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | * *O-We-Ra* (1907-c.1908) * *Owera* (c.1908-1926) * *Alcedo* (1926-1928) * *Josephine* (1928-1929) * *Owera* (1929-c.1933) * *South Wind* (c.1933-1936) * *O-We-Ra* (1936-1967) |
| Builder | Ramage & Ferguson, Leith, Scotland |
| Yard number | 207 |
| Launched | 2 November 1906 |
| Completed | 1907 |
| Acquired | USN: Formally leased 18 June 1917 |
| Commissioned | USN: 15 June 1917 |
| Decommissioned | USN: 6 January 1919 |
| In service | 1907—1967 inclusive yacht, USN, RN, commercial |
| Identification | * UK Official number 123023 * US Official number 212974 * US signal letters: LFGP (1915—1934), KLKJ (1934—1936) |
| Fate | Sank at berth 1950s, broken up 1967 |
| Notes | Built as civilian yacht *O-We-Ra* 1907, sold and renamed multiple times, service in USN and RN in two wars, until removed from registers about 1966. |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | * Steel steam yacht * Patrol vessel, USN and RN * Passenger/freight vessel |
| Tonnage | 426 Gross register tons |
| Length | * 194 ft 8 in (59.3 m) length overall * 173 ft 8 in (52.9 m) LBP |
| Beam | 25 ft 1 in (7.6 m) |
| Draft | 12 ft 11.5 in (3.9 m) (mean) |
| Depth of hold | 14 ft (4.3 m) |
| Speed | * 12 kn (14 mph; 22 km/h) (maximum) * 11 kn (13 mph; 20 km/h) (cruising) |
| Range | 2,000 nmi (2,300 mi; 3,700 km) |
| Crew | * Yacht: 26 * U.S. Navy: 2 officers, 32 men |
| Armament |  |
| Notes | Years of name, ownership and registry changes indicated by annual registers covering U.S. fiscal years, 1 July—30 June. |


title: HMS Fulminante (1798)

abstract: HMS Fulminante was a cutter belonging to the French Navy that the British captured in 1798, the French recaptured in 1800, and the British re-recaptured three months later. She was wrecked early in 1801.

text:
# HMS Fulminante (1798)

**HMS *Fulminante*** was a cutter belonging to the French Navy that the British captured in 1798, the French recaptured in 1800, and the British re-recaptured three months later. She was wrecked early in 1801.

## Capture

On 13 September 1798, *Fulminante*, under the command of Captain Monier captured the American brig *Fame* and brought her into Algeciras.

On 29 October 1798, between Tarifa and Tangiers, *Espoir*, under the command of Captain Loftus Otway Bland, captured *Fulminante*, which had had the "impudence" (in Bland's words) to attack *Espoir*. Admiral Jervis, Earl of St Vincent, needing an advice boat, took her into service the next day as HMS *Fulminante*.

On 7 November *Fulminante* was with Commodore John Thomas Duckworth at the capture of the island of Minorca. As a result, she shared in the prize money for the capture. Lieutenant William Robinson commanded her in January 1800, and perhaps earlier. Later that year Lieutenant Edward Morris replaced Robinson.

## Recapture and re-recapture

The French privateer *Deux Frères* captured *Fulminante* on 2 June 1800. She had been sailing off Cadiz when she encountered the French privateer. After a 40-minute fight the French were able to board *Fulminante*, forcing her to strike.

In September the British recaptured *Fulminante*. By January 1801 she was under the command of Lieutenant Robert Corbet.

## Loss

*Fulminante* accompanied Lord Keith’s invasion of Egypt. Here she supported General Sir Ralph Abercromby as he moved his troops from Abukir to Alexandria. She was stationed close to the shore to fire on French shore positions but her carronades did not have the range and so her shots fell short. On 23 March Corbet therefore brought her to within a cable’s length — 240 yards (219 m) — of the shore and anchored her there. During the night the wind rose, causing one of her cables to rub against the rocks, parting it. The second cable did not hold and within minutes *Fulmiante* had drifted on shore and was wrecked. There was no loss of life. The location of the wreck was reportedly "La Cruelle", near Damietta, which is to the east of Abu Qir. The court martial for the loss occurred on 1 April and apparently absolved Corbet. On 15 May Corbet delivered dispatches from Keith to the Admiralty.

Although *Fulminante* was present for less than a month during the campaign, when the Admiralty in 1847 authorized the awarding of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Egypt" to all surviving claimants from the crews of all vessels present between 8 March and 2 September, *Fulminante* was among the vessels listed as qualifying.

## Citations

* Gosset, William Patrick (1986). *The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900*. Mansell. ISBN 0-7201-1816-6.
* Hepper, David J. (1994). *British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650–1859*. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
* Williams, Greg H. (2009). *The French assault on American shipping, 1793-1813: a history and comprehensive record of merchant marine losses*. McFarland. ISBN 9780786438372.
* Winfield, Rif (2008). *British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
* Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). *French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| France | |
| Name | *Fulminante* |
| Acquired | In service 1798 |
| Captured | 29 October 1798 |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Fulminante* |
| Acquired | 29 October 1798 (by capture) |
| Captured | 2 June 1800 |
| France | |
| Name | *Fulminante* |
| Acquired | 2 June 1800 (by capture) |
| Captured | September 1800 |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Fulminante* |
| Acquired | September 1800 (by capture) |
| Honours and<br>awards | Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Egypt" |
| Fate | Wrecked 24 March 1801 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | cutter |
| Tons burthen | 40 4094 (bm) |
| Length | * 44 ft 0 in (13.4 m) (overall) * 33 ft 012 in (10.1 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 29 ft 6+11 in (9.0 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Cutter |
| Armament | * French service: 8 × 4-pounder guns * British service: carronades |


title: Oonops hasselti

abstract: Oonops hasselti is a spider species found in Scandinavia.

text:
# Oonops hasselti

***Oonops hasselti*** is a spider species found in Scandinavia.

## InfoBox

| *Oonops hasselti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oonopidae |
| Genus: | *Oonops* |
| Species: | ***O. hasselti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oonops hasselti***<br>Strand, 1906 | |
|


title: Nyctoporis carinata

abstract: Nyctoporis carinata, also known as the flightless darkling beetle because both sexes lack wings, is a species of beetle native to central and Southern California. They are found in leaf litter and rocky debris. Preliminary genetic analysis suggests that Nyctoporis carinata and Nyctoporis vandykei may in fact be synonymous species.

text:
# Nyctoporis carinata

***Nyctoporis carinata***, also known as the **flightless darkling beetle** because both sexes lack wings, is a species of beetle native to central and Southern California. They are found in leaf litter and rocky debris. Preliminary genetic analysis suggests that *Nyctoporis carinata* and *Nyctoporis vandykei* may in fact be synonymous species.

## InfoBox

| *Nyctoporis carinata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Tenebrionidae |
| Genus: | *Nyctoporis* |
| Species: | ***N. carinata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyctoporis carinata***<br>LeConte, 1851 | |
|


title: One of the Missing (film)

abstract: One of the Missing is a 1968 short film written and directed by Tony Scott. The film is set during the American Civil War and is based on Ambrose Bierce's short story of the same name.

text:
# One of the Missing (film)

***One of the Missing*** is a 1968 short film written and directed by Tony Scott. The film is set during the American Civil War and is based on Ambrose Bierce's short story of the same name.

## InfoBox

| One of the Missing | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Tony Scott |
| Written by | Ambrose Bierce (idea)<br>Tony Scott |
| Starring | Stephen Edwards |
| Cinematography | Tony Scott |
| Edited by | Tony Scott |
| Release date | * 1968 (1968) |
| Running time | 25 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £2000 |


title: Ryuto Kazuhara

abstract: Ryuto Kazuhara Ryuto Kazuhara is a Japanese singer and dancer. He is a vocalist of the Japanese all-male dance and music group Generations from Exile Tribe. Ryuto is represented with LDH.

text:
# Ryuto Kazuhara

**Ryuto Kazuhara** (数原 龍友, *Kazuhara Ryuto*, born December 28, 1992) is a Japanese singer and dancer. He is a vocalist of the Japanese all-male dance and music group Generations from Exile Tribe. Ryuto is represented with LDH.

## Biography

To achieve his dream of becoming a singer, Ryuto dropped out of high school and attended Osaka's EXPG while doing part-time jobs.

In February 2010, he participated in *VOCAL BATTLE AUDITION 2 ~Yume wo Motta Wakamono-tachi e~* arranged by Exile to become a member of Sandaime J Soul Brothers but lost in the final round (alongside groupmate Ryota Katayose).

On July 19, 2011, Ryuto was selected as a candidate for GENERATIONS, and on April 17, 2012, he was announced as an official member. Generations from Exile Tribe made their major debut on November 21, 2012, with the single "Brave It Out".

In 2013, he participated in Fuji TV's Kendama competition "*Geinoukai Tokugiou Ketteisen Teppen*" and managed to win the first place.

In 2016, Ryuto made his debut as a voice actor for the Japanese dubbing of the American superhero TV show *Legends of Tomorrow*. He would be in charge of voicing Grant Wilson / Second Generation Death Stroke.

In November 2018, he was chosen as one of the ambassadors for LDH Martial Arts' "ENERGY PROJECT" which advertises different fitness supplies from LDH's original brand alongside fellow Generations member Alan Shirahama and E-girls members Karen Fujii and Anna Suda.

On September 21, 2019, he collaborated with fashion brand 24karats for the second time to release a collection of sportswear titled *NO PAIN NO GAIN*. On October 3 in the same year, Ryuto made his solo debut with the digital single "Nostalgie", which was used in the movie *HiGH&LOW: THE WORST.* On the same day, he opened a personal Instagram account, being the last member of Generations to do so.

On March 4, 2020, he will release his second solo song "Mou ichido kimi to odoritai" (*もう一度君と踊りたい; I want to dance with you again*) which will be used in the play of the same name from LDH's *BOOK ACT*.

## Discography

### Digital singles

| Year | Title | Release Date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | Nostalgie | October 3 |  |
| 2020 | *Mou ichido kimi to odoritai* (もう一度君と踊りたい) | March 4 |  |

### Lyrics

| Year | Title | Artist | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | I Remember | Generations from Exile Tribe | *Generation Ex* |
| 2016 | ...For You | | Speedster |
| 2017 | NEXT | | Namida wo Nagasenai Pierrot wa Taiyou mo Tsuki mo nai Sora wo Miageta |
| 2019 | Shinsei | | Shonen Chronicle |

## Filmography

### Live

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | *Vocal Battle Audition Presents: Vocal Battle Stage 2014* |  |

### TV series

| Year | Title | Network |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Geinoukai Tokugiou Ketteisen TEPPEN 2013 | Fuji TV |
| 2014 | Geinoukai Tokugiou Ketteisen TEPPEN 2014 SUMMER | |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | *Sana* | Himself | Lead role |  |
|

### Radio

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2016–2018 | TOKYO VAGABOND | As a Thursday navigator |

### Advertisements

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Moist Diane "Extra Shine" |  |

### Voice dubbing

* Legend of Tomorrow (2016) – Grant Wilson / Second Generation Death Stroke (Jamie Andrew Cutler)

## InfoBox

| Ryuto Kazuhara | |
| --- | --- |
| 数原 龍友 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1992-12-28) December 28, 1992<br>Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan |
| Education | Amagasaki Hamada Elementary School, Amagasaki Ōshōkita Junior High School |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Height | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres | J-pop, dance |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, piano, drums |
| Labels | LDH, Rhythm Zone |
|  | |
| Website | www.ldh.co.jp/eng/management/kazuhara// |


title: Heavyweights (album)

abstract: Heavyweights is the debut album led by saxophonist Sal Nistico which was recorded in 1961 and released on the Jazzland label.

text:
# Heavyweights (album)

***Heavyweights*** is the debut album led by saxophonist Sal Nistico which was recorded in 1961 and released on the Jazzland label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated, "the recorded debut of tenor saxophonist Sal Nistico as a leader is quite impressive" noting that Nistico "really romps through most of the seven tunes" and "Adderley is also heard in prime form on the superior bop date".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mamblue" | Barry Harris | 5:41 |
| 2. | "Seconds, Anyone" | Sal Nistico | 3:59 |
| 3. | "My Old Flame" | Arthur Johnston, Sam Coslow | 6:43 |
| 4. | "Shoutin'" | Tommy Turrentine | 5:16 |
| 5. | "Just Friends" | John Klenner, Sam M. Lewis | 6:35 |
| 6. | "Au Privave" | Charlie Parker | 6:11 |
| 7. | "Heavyweights" | Frank Pullara | 5:40 |
| Total length: | | | 40:00 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Heavyweights | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sal Nistico | |
| Released | 1962 |
| Recorded | December 20, 1961 |
| Studio | Plaza Sound Studios, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 40:00 |
| Label | Jazzland JLP 66 |
| Producer | Orrin Keepnews |
| Sal Nistico chronology | |
| ***Heavyweights***
(1962) *Comin' On Up*
(1962) | |


title: Pinelands, Northern Territory

abstract: Pinelands is an outer northern suburb of Palmerston, Northern Territory, Australia. It is 21 km southeast of the Darwin CBD and 2.1 km from Palmerston City. Its local government area is the City of Palmerston. It is on the traditional Country and waterways of the Larrakia people. The area is one of Palmerston's industrial suburbs, along with Yarrawonga.

text:
# Pinelands, Northern Territory

**Pinelands** is an outer northern suburb of Palmerston, Northern Territory, Australia. It is 21 km southeast of the Darwin CBD and 2.1 km from Palmerston City. Its local government area is the City of Palmerston. It is on the traditional Country and waterways of the Larrakia people.

The area is one of Palmerston's industrial suburbs, along with Yarrawonga.

## InfoBox

| Pinelands
Palmerston, Northern Territory | |
| --- | --- |
| McKinnon Road, Pinelands | |
| Pinelands | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 12°27′22″S 130°57′33″E / 12.456239°S 130.959199°E / -12.456239; 130.959199 |
| Population | 25 (2016 census) |
| Established | 5 December 2001 |
| Postcode(s) | 0829 |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | City of Palmerston |
| Territory electorate(s) | Nelson |
| Federal division(s) | Solomon |
| **Suburbs around Pinelands:**  Knuckey Lagoon Knuckey Lagoon
Holtze Holtze  Berrimah Pinelands Holtze  Wishart Tivendale
Durack Yarrawonga | |
| Footnotes | Adjoining suburbs |


title: Girardinichthys ireneae

abstract: Girardinichthys ireneae is a species of fish from the family Goodeidae which is endemic to Laguna de Zacapu in Michoacán state of Mexico. Some authorities consider that this taxon is synonymous with Hubbsina turneri.

text:
# Girardinichthys ireneae

***Girardinichthys ireneae*** is a species of fish from the family Goodeidae which is endemic to Laguna de Zacapu in Michoacán state of Mexico. Some authorities consider that this taxon is synonymous with *Hubbsina turneri*.

## Etymology

The specific name honours Mrs Irene Radda of Vienna.

## InfoBox

| *Girardinichthys ireneae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cyprinodontiformes |
| Family: | Goodeidae |
| Genus: | *Girardinichthys* |
| Species: | ***G. ireneae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Girardinichthys ireneae***<br>Radda & M. K. Meyer, 2003 | |
|


title: Walter Montgomerie Neilson

abstract: Walter Montgomerie Neilson was a Scottish locomotive and marine engineer and manufacturer. He was born in Glasgow, the son of James Beaumont Neilson, inventor of the hot blast furnace. Walter was trained as an engineer in the Oakbank Foundry run by his uncle John Neilson. He also worked in the St Rollox Engine Works in Glasgow. He was a President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland and a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Outside his professional career, he was involved in local politics, the military, and Freemasonry.

text:
# Walter Montgomerie Neilson

**Walter Montgomerie Neilson** (28 November 1819 – 8 July 1889) was a Scottish locomotive and marine engineer and manufacturer. He was born in Glasgow, the son of James Beaumont Neilson, inventor of the hot blast furnace. Walter was trained as an engineer in the Oakbank Foundry run by his uncle John Neilson. He also worked in the St Rollox Engine Works in Glasgow. He was a President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland and a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Outside his professional career, he was involved in local politics, the military, and Freemasonry.

## Neilson and Company

In 1843, he took over the running of a family business originally called Neilson & Mitchell, then Neilson & Co. The company was based in Hydepark Street in central Glasgow before expanding to include nearby Finnieston Street. The company started by building ship engines but quickly expanded to building locomotives, at the time a fledgling industry, but with the British empire still expanding, a very lucrative one. Neilson locomotives were exported all over the world and examples still exist in far off places like India, South Africa and New Zealand.

On the death of his father in 1865, Walter inherited the Queenshill property in Kirkcudbright, the property was named after the resting spot of Mary, Queen of Scots, fleeing to safety after the defeat of her army at Langside in 1568.

Neilson had partnered with Burns, Baumgarten & Co. in Glasgow; he retired from this partnership as of 1 January 1873.

The locomotive business flourished and when Walter finally retired in the late 1870s, the name changed again, this time to Neilson, Reid & Co. James Reid had been associated with the company for a long period and even though Reid and Neilson had a falling out, the company went on to merge with others into North British Locomotive Co. Ltd. Walter also supplied expertise and advice to the French builders of the Suez Canal.

## Other interests

Walter was involved in local politics in Scotland and was also the Freemasons Grandmaster of Glasgow. He served as the second President of The Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland from 1859 to 1861. He served as a director of the Consolidated Copper Company of Canada in the 1870s. He was also elected chairman of the Technical College of Glasgow in 1872.

## Family

Walter married Janet Ellen Henderson on 14 March 1867, at the British Consulate in Livorno, Italy; Janet came from a Scottish family long associated with trading from the Tuscany region. They had two children, Elena Marion Montgomerie Neilson born in 1876 and Walter Montgomerie Neilson in 1877.

## Retirement and death

Walter retired to Queenshill and spent the harsh British winters at his property called Monte Picini near Florence, Italy. Neilson died in Florence on 8 July 1889, aged 69.

## InfoBox

| Walter Montgomerie Neilson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1819-11-28)28 November 1819
Glasgow, Scotland |
| Died | 8 July 1889(1889-07-08) (aged 69)
Florence, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | locomotive and mechanical engineer |
| Known for | owner and manager of Neilson & Co |


title: Onițcani

abstract: Onițcani is a village in Criuleni District, Moldova. Onițcani village is located in a picturesque location on the banks of the Dniester. The first mention in the annals found in 1604. The village is famous for its large number of springs. Some of them are very specific in their chemical composition. They are also the national heritage, as their age is several centuries, so they are under state protection. The village has a church, unique in its architecture, the only similar analogue of which can be seen only in Romania.

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# Onițcani

**Onițcani** is a village in Criuleni District, Moldova.

Onițcani village is located in a picturesque location on the banks of the Dniester. The first mention in the annals found in 1604. The village is famous for its large number of springs. Some of them are very specific in their chemical composition. They are also the national heritage, as their age is several centuries, so they are under state protection. The village has a church, unique in its architecture, the only similar analogue of which can be seen only in Romania.

## Population

According to the 2004 Moldovan Census, the population of the Onițcani village is 2089 people (1011 men, 1078 women).

The ethnic composition of the village:

| Nationality | Population | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Moldovans | 2004 | 95.93 |
| Russians | 26 | 1.24 |
| Ukrainians | 19 | 0.91 |
| Gypsies | 14 | 0.67 |
| Romanians | 10 | 0.48 |
| Bulgarians | 3 | 0.14 |
| Gagauz | 1 | 0.05 |
| Other | 12 | 0.57 |
| **Total** | 2089 | 100% |

## InfoBox

| Onițcani | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
|  | |
| OnițcaniLocation in Moldova | |
| Coordinates: 47°09′N 29°04′E / 47.150°N 29.067°E / 47.150; 29.067 | |
| Country | Moldova |
| District | Criuleni District |
| Founded | 1604 |
| Elevation | 115 ft (35 m) |
| Population (2014 census) | |
| Total | 2,192 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | MD-4833 |
| Area code | +373 248 79 |


title: Nyctosia

abstract: - "Nyctosia" is also a misspelling of the geometer moth genus Nycterosea, presently included in Orthonama. Nyctosia is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1899.

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# Nyctosia

"Nyctosia" *is also a misspelling of the geometer moth genus* Nycterosea*, presently included in* Orthonama.

***Nyctosia*** is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1899.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Nyctosia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | ***Nyctosia***<br>Schaus, 1899 |
|


title: Indian Beach, Delaware

abstract: Indian Beach is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. Indian Beach is located on the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Route 1, south of Dewey Beach.

text:
# Indian Beach, Delaware

**Indian Beach** is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. Indian Beach is located on the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Route 1, south of Dewey Beach.

## InfoBox

| Indian Beach, Delaware | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Indian BeachIndian Beach | |
| Coordinates: 38°41′08″N 75°4′24″W / 38.68556°N 75.07333°W / 38.68556; -75.07333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Delaware |
| County | Sussex |
| Elevation | 3 ft (0.9 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 302 |
| GNIS feature ID | 216121 |


title: Ryutsu Keizai University FC

abstract: Ryutsu Keizai University FC are a Japanese football (soccer) club of the Ryutsu Keizai University, based in Ryugasaki, Ibaraki Prefecture. They currently play in Ibaraki Prefectural League from 2023 after relegation from Division 2 of Kantō Soccer League in 2022. Their team colours are grey and navy.

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# Ryutsu Keizai University FC

**Ryutsu Keizai University FC** (流通経済大学FC, *Ryūtū Keizai Daigaku Efu Shī*) are a Japanese football (soccer) club of the Ryutsu Keizai University, based in Ryugasaki, Ibaraki Prefecture. They currently play in Ibaraki Prefectural League from 2023 after relegation from Division 2 of Kantō Soccer League in 2022. Their team colours are grey and navy.

## History

Founded in 1965, they played in the Ibaraki Prefecture University League until 1998. They were promoted to the Kantō University League Division 2 in 1999 but relegated after one season. They were promoted again in 2002.

In November 2004, with the recommendation from the Japan University Football Association, the club participated in the Regional League promotion series. They finished runners-up and were accepted by the Japan Football League. The club became the third university club that were allowed to play in the JFL following Kokushikan University SC and Shizuoka Sangyo University SC (the former withdrew and the latter was relegated).

As of 2010, the JFA has barred all university clubs from competing in the Regional Promotion Series, which means that no further university clubs can compete in the JFL. RKU, however, was still allowed to compete in the JFL until their relegation in the same season.

On the 2022 season, they were relegated to the Ibaraki Prefectural League from 2023 after finishing as the bottom-placed team of the Kantō Soccer League Division 2.

## Structure

The club has 2 top teams. One play in the university competitions, and the other participate in the JFL. They also have a reserve team called Ryutsu Keizai Dragons who play in the Kantō Soccer League Division 1, as well as 4 satellite teams categorized by age. All the players are students of the university.

## Results in JFL

2005: 13th
2006: 16th
2007: 10th
2008: 6th
2009: 15th
2010: 18th, relegated

## Honours

* Prime Minister Cup University football tournament

*Champions (1):* 2007 *Champions (3):* 2006, 2008, 2009

## InfoBox

Ryutsu Keizai University FC
流通経済大学FC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Ryutsu Keizai University Football Club |
| Nickname(s) | Ryu Kei Dai |
| Founded | 1965 (1965) |
| Ground | Hitachinaka Athletic Stadium<br>Hitachinaka, Ibaraki |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| Manager | Shinya Tanaka |
| League | Ibaraki Prefectural League |
| 2022 | KSL Div. 2, 10th of 10 (relegated) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo

abstract: The Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo is a concept car developed by Hyundai. The car was unveiled at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show. It was built under the Vision Gran Turismo project and to commemorate Hyundai's 50th anniversary in 2017. It also served as a launch platform for Hyundai's N performance division, as well as a glimpse into the future of fuel cell technology in motorsports.

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# Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo

The **Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo** is a concept car developed by Hyundai. The car was unveiled at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show. It was built under the Vision Gran Turismo project and to commemorate Hyundai's 50th anniversary in 2017. It also served as a launch platform for Hyundai's  performance division, as well as a glimpse into the future of fuel cell technology in motorsports.

## Media

The N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo is featured in the Polyphony Digital games *Gran Turismo Sport* and *Gran Turismo 7* as a Group X car (category made for Vision Gran Turismo cars and cars that do not fit into any other of the game's categories) and as a Group 1 car (category made for prototype race cars).

## InfoBox

| Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Hyundai |
| Model years | 2015 |
| Designer | Albert Biermann |
| Body and chassis | |
| Layout | Mid-engine, all-wheel-drive |
| Powertrain | |
| Electric motor | 4 electric motors powered by hydrogen fuel cells |
| Power output | 650 kW (872 hp) |
| Transmission | 1-speed |
| Dimensions | |
| Curb weight | 971 kg (2,140 lb) |


title: Heawood graph

abstract: In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Heawood graph is an undirected graph with 14 vertices and 21 edges, named after Percy John Heawood.

text:
# Heawood graph

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the **Heawood graph** is an undirected graph with 14 vertices and 21 edges, named after Percy John Heawood.

## Combinatorial properties

The graph is cubic, and all cycles in the graph have six or more edges. Every smaller cubic graph has shorter cycles, so this graph is the 6-cage, the smallest cubic graph of girth 6. It is a distance-transitive graph (see the Foster census) and therefore distance regular.

There are 24 perfect matchings in the Heawood graph; for each matching, the set of edges not in the matching forms a Hamiltonian cycle. For instance, the figure shows the vertices of the graph placed on a cycle, with the internal diagonals of the cycle forming a matching. By subdividing the cycle edges into two matchings, we can partition the Heawood graph into three perfect matchings (that is, 3-color its edges) in eight different ways. Every two perfect matchings, and every two Hamiltonian cycles, can be transformed into each other by a symmetry of the graph.

There are 28 six-vertex cycles in the Heawood graph. Each 6-cycle is disjoint from exactly three other 6-cycles; among these three 6-cycles, each one is the symmetric difference of the other two. The graph with one node per 6-cycle, and one edge for each disjoint pair of 6-cycles, is the Coxeter graph.

## Geometric and topological properties

The Heawood graph is a toroidal graph; that is, it can be embedded without crossings onto a torus. The result is the regular map {6,3}2,1, with 7 hexagonal faces. Each face of the map is adjacent to every other face, thus as a result coloring the map requires 7 colors. The map and graph were discovered by Percy John Heawood in 1890, who proved that no map on the torus could require more than seven colors and thus this map is maximal.

The map can be faithfully realized as the Szilassi polyhedron, the only known polyhedron apart from the tetrahedron such that every pair of faces is adjacent.

Fano plane and two representations of its Levi graph (below as a bipartite graph)

The Heawood graph is the Levi graph of the Fano plane, the graph representing incidences between points and lines in that geometry. With this interpretation, the 6-cycles in the Heawood graph correspond to triangles in the Fano plane. Also, the Heawood graph is the Tits building of the group SL3(F2).

The Heawood graph has crossing number 3, and is the smallest cubic graph with that crossing number (sequence A110507 in the OEIS). Including the Heawood graph, there are 8 distinct graphs of order 14 with crossing number 3.

The Heawood graph is the smallest cubic graph with Colin de Verdière graph invariant μ = 6.

The Heawood graph is a unit distance graph: it can be embedded in the plane such that adjacent vertices are exactly at distance one apart, with no two vertices embedded to the same point and no vertex embedded into a point within an edge.

## Algebraic properties

The automorphism group of the Heawood graph is isomorphic to the projective linear group PGL2(7), a group of order 336. It acts transitively on the vertices, on the edges and on the arcs of the graph. Therefore, the Heawood graph is a symmetric graph. It has automorphisms that take any vertex to any other vertex and any edge to any other edge. More strongly, the Heawood graph is 4-arc-transitive. According to the Foster census, the Heawood graph, referenced as F014A, is the only cubic symmetric graph on 14 vertices.

It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

The characteristic polynomial of the Heawood graph is $(x-3)(x+3)(x^{2}-2)^{6}$. It is the only graph with this characteristic polynomial, making it a graph determined by its spectrum.

## InfoBox

| Heawood graph | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Named after | Percy John Heawood |
| Vertices | 14 |
| Edges | 21 |
| Radius | 3 |
| Diameter | 3 |
| Girth | 6 |
| Automorphisms | 336 (PGL2(7)) |
| Chromatic number | 2 |
| Chromatic index | 3 |
| Genus | 1 |
| Book thickness | 3 |
| Queue number | 2 |
| Properties | Bipartite
Cubic
Cage
Distance-transitive
Distance-regular
Toroidal
Hamiltonian
Symmetric
Orientably simple |
| Table of graphs and parameters | |


title: John McAdam (businessman)

abstract:
John McAdam is a technology executive. McAdam holds a B.Sc. in computer science from the University of Glasgow, Scotland.
From January 1995 until August 1999, he served as the president and chief operating officer of Sequent Computer Systems, a manufacturer of high-end open systems, which was sold to IBM in September 1999. McAdam then served as general manager of the web server sales business at IBM. He served as president, chief executive officer and a director of F5 Networks from July 2000 until June 30, 2015. McAdam was re-appointed to the position on December 14, 2015, following the resignation of Manuel Rivelo. In January 2017 F5 announced François Locoh-Donou would replace McAdam in April.

text:
# John McAdam (businessman)

**John McAdam** is a technology executive.

McAdam holds a B.Sc. in computer science from the University of Glasgow, Scotland. From January 1995 until August 1999, he served as the president and chief operating officer of Sequent Computer Systems, a manufacturer of high-end open systems, which was sold to IBM in September 1999. McAdam then served as general manager of the web server sales business at IBM. He served as president, chief executive officer and a director of F5 Networks from July 2000 until June 30, 2015. McAdam was re-appointed to the position on December 14, 2015, following the resignation of Manuel Rivelo. In January 2017 F5 announced François Locoh-Donou would replace McAdam in April.


title: Girardin Minibus

abstract: Girardin Minibus Inc. is a Canadian bus manufacturer. Based in Drummondville, Quebec, Canada, Girardin forms part of the Micro Bird joint venture with Blue Bird Corporation. As part of Micro Bird, Girardin is a manufacturer of bus bodies for minibuses for cutaway van chassis. While many Micro Bird buses are produced as school buses and related student transport vehicles, Girardin also produces commercial-use buses using cutaway van chassis. In Canada, the company serves as the nationwide distributor of the Blue Bird school bus and commercial bus product line. Following the 2008 closure of Corbeil, Girardin was the lone Canadian-based manufacturer of school buses until the 2011 opening of Autobus Lion.

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# Girardin Minibus

**Girardin Minibus Inc.** is a Canadian bus manufacturer. Based in Drummondville, Quebec, Canada, Girardin forms part of the **Micro Bird** joint venture with Blue Bird Corporation. As part of Micro Bird, Girardin is a manufacturer of bus bodies for minibuses for cutaway van chassis.

While many Micro Bird buses are produced as school buses and related student transport vehicles, Girardin also produces commercial-use buses using cutaway van chassis. In Canada, the company serves as the nationwide distributor of the Blue Bird school bus and commercial bus product line.

Following the 2008 closure of Corbeil, Girardin was the lone Canadian-based manufacturer of school buses until the 2011 opening of Autobus Lion (now Compagnie Électrique Lion).

## History

Girardin traces its roots to 1935, when company founder Lionel Girardin opened a used-car dealership and repair shop in St-Félix-de-Kingsey, Quebec. He expanded into new-car sales in 1953 by opening a Chrysler dealership. In 1958, Girardin entered the school bus market by becoming a school bus dealership.

In 1965, Girardin opened a bus dealership in Drummondville, Quebec; along with bus sales, Girardin converted vans into minibuses (some of the first Type A school buses). In 1981, a dedicated factory was built to keep up with demand; the factory was expanded in 1991 and again in 2000.

In 1991, Girardin Minibus introduced the MB-II and MB-IV school buses; from 1992 to 1999, these were distributed throughout North America using the **Blue Bird by Girardin** name. In 1999, a tornado hit the 1991 factory. In 2005, the MB-IV was replaced with the G5, a redesigned dual rear-wheel Type A school bus.

In 2009, Blue Bird Corporation entered into a joint venture with Girardin to produce Type A school buses. Under the terms of the joint venture, Blue Bird's Micro Bird (in production since 1975) was phased out and replaced by Girardin-designed products built in Drummondville.

## Joint Ventures

Girardin Minibus has twice entered into partnerships with a larger bus manufacturer; both have been with American manufacturer Blue Bird Corporation.

### Blue Bird MB-II/MB-IV by Girardin (1992–1999)

From 1992 to 1999, Girardin and Blue Bird were in a partnership to sell the MB-II and MB-IV Type A school buses in North America. At the time, Girardin was little known outside of Quebec and Blue Bird's own Micro Bird was not available in the single rear-wheel configuration that the MB-II offered. After 1999, Girardin chose to market the MB school buses under its own brand name.

### Micro Bird, Inc. (2009–present)

In October 2009, Girardin re-entered into a joint venture with Blue Bird. This partnership, named **Micro Bird, Inc**, resulted in the Micro Bird model being discontinued, as Type A school bus construction was transferred from Blue Bird's Georgia facility to Girardin's Drummondville facility. Type A school buses built by Girardin are now branded as **Blue Bird Micro Bird by Girardin**.

The first bus manufacturer in North America to develop a body for the Ford Transit cutaway cab chassis, Micro Bird introduced the **T-Series** model line in 2015, slotted between the MB-II and G5. While the Transit replaced the E-series as a passenger van, the T-Series marked the introduction of a third model line, produced with a choice of axle configurations on a single body for the first time.

## Models

| Girardin/Micro Bird Product lineup | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Model Name | G5 (Micro Bird DRW) | MB-II (Micro Bird SRW) | T-Series (Micro Bird Transit) | MB-IV |
| Image |  |  |  |  |
| Body Configuration | Dual rear wheels | Single rear wheels | * Single rear wheels * Dual rear wheels | Dual rear wheels |
| Production | 2005–present | 1991–present (see notes) | 2015–present | 1991-2004 |
| Versions | * School Bus * Commercial Bus * Multi-Function School Activity Bus (MFSAB) | | | * School Bus * Commercial Bus |
| Chassis Supplier |  |  |  |  |
| Maximum Seating Capacity | * 30 (school bus) * 25 (commercial bus) | * 20 (school bus) * 12 (commercial bus) * 14 (MFSAB) | 25 (school bus/MFSAB) |  |
| Notes | * Introduced in 2005, replacing MB-IV as DRW product line * Replaced Blue Bird Micro Bird under Micro Bird joint venture * An Electric version of Micro Bird G5 Built on ford E450 chassis set to commerce production for 2019. | * Introduced in 1991 as first single rear-wheel bus to use a cutaway body; produced with aluminum body panels * Distributed in United States by Blue Bird from 1992 to 1999 (Girardin from 1999 to 2009) | * Produced since 2015, first bus produced on Ford Transit chassis in North America * Derived from MB-II body (rebodied to fit Ford Transit chassis) | * Introduced in 1991 as dual rear-wheel version of MB-II * Sold by Blue Bird alongside Blue Bird Micro Bird from 1992 to 1999 * Replaced by Girardin G5 for 2005 |

## InfoBox

Girardin Minibus
|
|  |
| Industry | Bus manufacturing |
| Founded | 1935 |
| Founder | Lionel Girardin |
| Headquarters | 3000 Girardin
Drummondville, Quebec J2E 0A1, Canada |
| Area served | North America |
| Products | School buses
Commercial buses |
| Brands | Micro Bird |
| Services | Bus sales *(Blue Bird)* |
| Divisions | Micro Bird, Inc (joint venture with Blue Bird) |
| Website | www.girardinbluebird.com
www.microbird.com |


title: Naja ashei

abstract: Naja ashei, commonly known as Ashe's spitting cobra or the giant spitting cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Africa. It is the world's largest species of spitting cobra.

text:
# Naja ashei

***Naja ashei***, commonly known as **Ashe's spitting cobra** or the **giant spitting cobra**, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Africa. It is the world's largest species of spitting cobra.

## Etymology and taxonomy

The generic name, *Naja*, is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word **nāgá** (नाग), meaning "serpent". The specific epithet, *ashei*, honors the late James Ashe, who founded the Bio-Ken Snake Farm and was one of the first experts to suggest *N. ashei* was a new species. Differences from other spitting cobras were realized in the 1960s, but *N. ashei* was initially regarded by most as merely a brown-coloured form of the black-necked spitting cobra (*N. nigricollis*). Thus, *N. ashei* was only classified as a distinct species in 2007, by Wolfgang Wüster (Bangor University, Wales) and Donald Broadley (Biodiversity Foundation for Africa). Royjan Taylor (Director of the Bio-Ken Snake Farm in Watamu, Kenya) was instrumental in providing specimens, among them the holotype.

The giant spitting cobra is most closely related to the Mozambique spitting cobra (*N. mossambica*), which with this species forms a sister taxon to *N. nigricollis*.

## Description

*Naja ashei*, the largest spitting cobra, averages around 1.3–2.0 m (4.3–6.6 ft) in total length (including tail). The largest specimen of this species to date, caught in Kenya, was 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in total length. Some *N. nigricollis* may also reach such sizes, but this is very exceptional, whereas on the Kenyan coast, specimens of *N. ashei* of more than 2 m (6.6 ft) are not uncommon.

This *Naja* species is very heavily built with a big head. It's a very aggressive spitting cobra that doesn't hesitate to spit when it feels cornered. It may also spit in copious amounts for hours without running out of venom immediately to spit. Its colour varies in different shades of brown from light grey through pale mustard to dark brown. It is pale in colour along the belly, sometimes with slight speckling or blotches, with a dark brown throat band. It has 17 to 25 midbody dorsal scale rows, 176 to 219 ventrals, and 51 to 69 subcaudals, with an entire anal scale across the vent.

## Distribution and habitat

The giant spitting cobra is found in eastern and northeastern Africa, in the dry lowlands of northern and eastern Kenya and similar habitats in northeastern Uganda, southern Ethiopia and southern Somalia.

## Venom

The venom of *N. ashei* is very similar in composition to that of other spitting cobras, including the black-necked spitting cobra (*N. nigricollis*) and the red spitting cobra (*N. pallida*), which are both found in the same areas. It consists of postsynaptic neurotoxins and cytotoxins. However, *N. ashei* is capable of injecting a much larger volume of venom in a single bite compared to the others. A single specimen milked at Bio-Ken Snake Farm in 2004 produced a wet venom yield of 6.2 ml, weighed 7.1 g and contained nearly 3 g of toxins.

In absence of dedicated research, recommended treatment of bites is, as for all true cobras, with the appropriate antivenom (SAVP polyvalent from South African Vaccine Producers). The dosage may need to be higher than for the average *N. nigricollis* bite. First aid treatment for venom in the eyes is immediate irrigation with water or any bland liquid - failure to do so may result in permanent blindness. Whether bitten or spat at, the patient should be seen as soon as possible by a physician. No available data suggest this species' toxins differ clinically from those of other spitting cobras, except perhaps by the effects of greater dosages, on average. Spitting cobra venom has rather low systemic toxicity, meaning with appropriate treatment, survival of bitten persons is very likely. A strong necrotizing effect (kills tissue around the wound) means survivors may be disfigured. If a jet of venom gets into the eyes and is not treated immediately, blindness (due to destruction of the cornea) is likely; even in patients treated with antivenom, amputation may become necessary if a full dose of a large spitting cobra's venom is received.

## InfoBox

| *Naja ashei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Genus: | *Naja* |
| Subgenus: | *Afronaja* |
| Species: | ***N. ashei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Naja ashei***
Wüster & Broadley, 2007 | |
|


abstract: The Onizuka Center for International Astronomy, also known as Hale Pōhaku, is a complex of support facilities for the telescopes and other instruments that comprise the Mauna Kea Observatory atop Mauna Kea, on Hawaiʻi island.

text:
# Onizuka Center for International Astronomy

The **Onizuka Center for International Astronomy**, also known as **Hale Pōhaku**, is a complex of support facilities for the telescopes and other instruments that comprise the Mauna Kea Observatory atop Mauna Kea, on Hawaiʻi island.

## History

A few rustic cabins named Hale Pōhaku (which means "stone house" in the Hawaiian language) were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps on the southern slope of Mauna Kea in the 1930s for hunters and other explorers. A rough jeep trail was built in 1964 under Governor John A. Burns, and a small telescope determined that Mauna Kea would be an ideal place for an astronomical observatory. The Hale Pōhaku area was used as a construction camp for the building of the observatories through the 1970s, and the road realigned in 1975. A permanent complex of buildings was constructed in 1983 known as the Mid-Level Facility.

The Mid-Level Facility was renamed for the Hawaiʻi-born astronaut Ellison Onizuka, who died in the Space Shuttle *Challenger* disaster in 1986. It is located at the 9,300-foot (2,800 m) elevation, south of the summit at 19°45′41″N 155°27′22″W / 19.76139°N 155.45611°W / 19.76139; -155.45611, up Mauna Kea Access Road from the Saddle Road (Route 200).

The center consists of dormitories with sleeping accommodation for 72, as well as a main building which houses the shared facilities such as cafeteria, laundry, and common room. Astronomers or technicians normally spend up to 24 hours at Hale Pōhaku to acclimatize to the altitude, before proceeding to the summit at almost 14,000 feet (4,300 m). There is no admission to these support facilities for the general public. The center is operated by the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaii.

The harsh conditions of the observatories require ongoing maintenance, with technicians and construction workers being common residents. Originally any astronomer wishing to use the observatory needed to stay at these facilities to physically be present during the nights they were assigned to use the telescopes. Although first-time users of the observatories are still encouraged to actually travel to the summit to familiarize themselves with the instruments, most observations can now be done over the Internet. Often the work is done in teams, with a staff of two at the summit, and others connected by teleconference at Hale Pōhaku, the University of Hawaii at Hilo, University of Hawaii at Manoa, or the researcher's office. W. M. Keck Observatory reported 90% of observations were remote by 2002, many from their facility in Waimea, on the plateau north of the mountain, and automation allowed control from California.

## Visitors

Just below the support complex, a Visitor Information Station at 19°45′33″N 155°27′22″W / 19.75917°N 155.45611°W / 19.75917; -155.45611 (Onizuka Visitor Information Station), has its own parking lot for visitors. The VIS houses informational displays, and shows videos depicting the history and work of the observatories, as well as the geology, ecology and cultural significance of Mauna Kea. A VIS staff member or volunteer usually presents a star and constellation tour, using a small laser to point out features in the sky. Amateur astronomers also come here to set up their own telescopes, since the altitude is already high enough for the seeing to be much better than at lower elevations.

The Onizuka Center is at the end of the paved road, and the farthest a typical car should go towards the summit. As of 2010, visitors wishing to continue on the steep and twisting gravel road to the summit are strongly recommended to bring four wheel drive vehicles with well-maintained brakes. Since conditions can change quickly, visitors are advised to get up-to-date information before going beyond the Visitor Information Station.

Those who do intend to visit the summit are also strongly advised to spend at least half an hour, or better three or four hours, at the mid-level in order to acclimatize to the higher elevation, and so reduce the possibility of suffering potentially dangerous altitude sickness. Further below the visitor station is a camp for construction workers. The three facilities are kept separate because scientists generally work at the summit during night hours and need to sleep during the day, while construction and tours are restricted to daylight hours.

The Keck Observatory on the summit has a visitor gallery which is usually open between 10am and 4pm on weekdays, and free tours of the Subaru Telescope can be reserved on its web site, but otherwise only observatory staff and visiting scientists are allowed inside observatory facilities. Some commercial tours continue from the center to the summit daily, from morning twilight before sunrise until it is closed to the public after sunset. Other Mauna Kea recreation opportunities include Mauna Kea State Recreation Area, and the Mauna Kea Trail which leads from the VIS through the Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve to the summit. A small museum dedicated to Onizuka, scheduled to close in March 2016, is located at the Kona International Airport. The ʻImiloa Astronomy Center in Hilo on the University of Hawaii at Hilo campus includes a larger museum and planetarium that is more easily accessible to visitors.


title: Nyctosia coccinea

abstract: Nyctosia coccinea is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1899. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Nyctosia coccinea

***Nyctosia coccinea*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1899. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Nyctosia coccinea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Nyctosia* |
| Species: | ***N. coccinea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyctosia coccinea***<br>Schaus, 1899 | |
|


title: India Arie discography

text:
# India Arie discography

American singer India Arie has released six studio albums, one extended plays, and eighteen singles.

## Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions, details and certifications
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | | | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US
R&B
/HH
 | US
R&B
 | AUS
 | GER
 | NL
 | NZ
 | SWE
 | SWI
 | UK
 | |
| *Acoustic Soul* |  | 10 | 3 |  | 36 | 50 | 21 | 19 | 43 | 85 | 55 |  |
| *Voyage to India* | * Released: September 24, 2002 * Label: Motown Records * Formats: CD, LP, DL, streaming | 6 | 1 |  | 67 | 90 | 47 |  | 37 | 53 | 82 |  |
| *Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship* | * Released: June 27, 2006 * Label: Motown Records * Formats: CD, LP, DL, streaming | 1 | 1 |  | 80 | 58 | 24 |  |  | 25 | 103 |  |
| *Testimony: Vol. 2, Love & Politics* | * Released: February 10, 2009 * Label: Soulbird Music, Universal Republic * Formats: CD, LP, DL, streaming | 3 | 2 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  | 44 |  |  |
| *Songversation* | * Released: June 25, 2013 * Label: Soulbird Music, Motown * Formats: CD, LP, DL, streaming | 7 | 4 | 1 |  |  | 88 |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Christmas with Friends*
(with Joe Sample) | * Released: October 16, 2015 * Label: Soulbird Music, Motown * Formats: CD, DL, streaming | 107 |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Worthy* | * Released: February 15, 2019 * Label: Soulbird Music, BMG * Formats: CD, DL, streaming | 152 |  | 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or not released to that country. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Extended plays

* *SongVersation: Medicine* (June 30, 2017)

## Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US
R&B
/HH
 | US
Adult
R&B
 | US
R&B/HH
Airplay
 | US AC
 | AUS
 | CAN
 | SWE
 | UK
 | |
| 2001 | "Video" | 47 | 14 | 6 | 9 |  |  |  |  | 32 | *Acoustic Soul* |
| | "Brown Skin" |  | 39 | 9 | 30 |  | 95 |  |  | 29 | |
| | "Strength, Courage & Wisdom" |  | 76 | 16 | 71 |  |  |  |  |  | |
| | "Ready for Love" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| 2002 | "Little Things" | 89 | 33 | 3 | 30 |  |  |  |  | 62 | *Voyage to India* |
| 2003 | "Can I Walk with You" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| | "The Truth" |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| | "Get It Together" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| 2005 | "Purify Me" |  | 53 | 5 | 48 |  |  |  |  |  | *Diary of a Mad Black Woman* (soundtrack) |
| 2006 | "I Am Not My Hair" | 97 | 47 | 13 | 57 |  |  |  |  | 65 | *Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship* |
| | "The Heart of the Matter" |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 | 46 | 79 | |
| | "There's Hope" |  | 33 | 5 | 32 |  |  |  |  |  | |
| 2007 | "Beautiful Flower" | 56 |  |  |  |  |  | 90 |  |  | *Testimony: Vol. 2, Love & Politics* |
| 2008 | "Chocolate High"
(featuring Musiq Soulchild) |  | 19 | 3 | 19 |  |  |  |  |  | |
| 2009 | "Therapy"
(featuring Gramps Morgan) |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  | |
| 2012 | "6th Avenue" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Songversation* |
| 2013 | "Cocoa Butter" |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| | "Just Do You" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| 2016 | "Breathe" |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *SongVersation: Medicine - EP* |
| 2018 | "That Magic" |  |  | 6 | 30 |  |  |  |  |  | *Worthy* |
| 2019 | "Steady Love" |  |  | 1 | 19 |  |  |  |  |  | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or not released to that country | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Notes

| Year | Single | Artist | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | US | US R&B | US Main | US AC | CAN | NOR | IRE | NZ | SWE | SPA | |
| 2001 | "Peaceful World" | John Mellencamp | 104 |  | 38 | 27 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Cuttin' Heads* |
| 2002 | "Just Another Parade" | Cassandra Wilson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Belly of the Sun* |
| 2008 | "Words" | Anthony David |  | 53 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Acey Duecy* |
| 2010 | "We Are the World 25 for Haiti" | Artists for Haiti | 2 |  |  |  | 7 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 15 | Non-album song |
| | "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" | Santana |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Guitar Heaven* |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

1. "India.Arie Chart History — Billboard 200". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
2. "India.Arie Album Chart History — Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
3. "India.Arie Album Chart History — Top R&B Albums". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
4. Ryan, Gavin (2011). *Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010* (PDF ed.). Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 18.
5. "Suche - Offiziele Deutsch Charts". *Musicline* (in German). Germany: GfK Entertainment. Retrieved November 4, 2019. Enter India Arie on Suchen, then select Single or Album
6. "Discografie India.Arie". *dutchcharts.nl*. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
7. "charts.nz – New Zealand charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
8. "swedishcharts.com – Swedish charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
9. "Die Offizielle Schweizer Hitparade und Music Community". Hung Medien. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
10. "Chart Log UK: I Am Kloot – I Wayne". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
11. "Gold & Platinum – India.Arie". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
12. "BRIT Certified - bpi". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
13. "Gold & Platinum – India.Arie". Music Canada. October 15, 2002. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
14. "Christmas With Friends — India.Arie and Joe Sample" at Amazon.
15. "India.Arie — Chart History (Hot 100)". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
16. "India.Arie Album — Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
17. "India.Arie Album – Chart History (Adult R&B Songs)". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
18. "India.Arie — Chart History (R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay)". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
19. "India.Arie Chart History – Adult Contemporary". *Billboard*. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
20. "India.Arie Album & Song Chart History – Canadian Hot 100". *Billboard*. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
21. "swedishcharts.com – Swedish charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
22. "The Official Charts Company - India.Arie". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
23. "India.Arie — Chart History (Bubbling Under Hot 100)". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
24. "India.Arie Album — Chart History (Bubbling Under Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.

## InfoBox

| India Arie discography | |
| --- | --- |
| Arie performing in 2010 | |
| Studio albums | 6 |
| EPs | 1 |
| Singles | 18 |


title: Vanessa Arauz

abstract: Vanessa Arauz León is an Ecuadorian football manager. She is currently the manager of the Chile women's national under-17 team.

text:
# Vanessa Arauz

**Vanessa Arauz León** (born 5 February 1989) is an Ecuadorian football manager. She is currently the manager of the Chile women's national under-17 team.

## Career

Arauz was the head coach of the Chilean club Colo-Colo women's team until 2020. She was the head coach of Ecuador at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup at 26 years old, hired at age 24, setting a world record for youngest coach at a Men's or Women's FIFA World Cup. In the 2015 FIFA World Cup, Ecuador finished last, only scoring one goal. Although most federations might have fired the coach after a score that low, especially a female coach. Surprisingly the federation retained Arauz for the women's national program at all levels. By 2017, she was coaching all women's teams for the federation and was named an official instructor by CONMEBOL. In that position, Arauz travelled to provide assistance and training to women's programs throughout South America. Through the efforts of the federation, Arauz proved to be the face of change within Latin America and women's rights, specifically within football.

On 28 June 2024, she was announced as the manager of the Chile women's national under-17 team.

## InfoBox

Vanessa Arauz
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Vanessa Arauz León | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-02-05) 5 February 1989 | | |
| Place of birth | Ecuador | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Chile U17 (women) (manager) | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2014–2017 | Ecuador (women) | | |
| 2020 | Colo-Colo (women) | | |
| 2021 | Independiente del Valle (women) | | |
| 2022–2024 | Universidad Católica (youth) (women) | | |
| 2024– | Chile U17 (women) | | |