title: The Queen's Palaces

abstract: The Queen's Palaces is a 2011 documentary in three parts written and presented by Fiona Bruce that tells the story of the Queen's three official residences, Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, and the Palace of Holyroodhouse which are amongst the few working royal palaces in the world today.

text:
# The Queen's Palaces

***The Queen's Palaces*** is a 2011 documentary in three parts written and presented by Fiona Bruce that tells the story of the Queen's three official residences, Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, and the Palace of Holyroodhouse which are amongst the few working royal palaces in the world today.

## Episode one: Buckingham Palace

Bruce charts the history of the palace from its days as a hunting forest for Henry VII and a mulberry garden of James I. Buckingham House was built in 1703 for the Duke of Buckingham, and it was later purchased in 1761 by George III for his wife Charlotte and 14 of their 15 children were born there. George removed many of the ornate features but invested heavily in art from Europe. George IV wanted a grander building and with architect John Nash transformed the house into a palace, full of art and sculpture. By the time of his death, the project had overspent its budget by four times, and it was proposed to use it instead as a replacement parliament building. In 1837 Queen Victoria moved in and when she married Prince Albert they commissioned Edward Blore to move the Marble Arch and build a new wing across the front, which included the now-famous balcony, as well as a new ballroom. On Albert's death in 1861 Victoria retired and rarely used the palace. On her death Edward VII remodeled many rooms and installed toilets. In 1913 the last major work was when George V had the front refaced in white Portland stone, and during World War II it received minor bomb damage.

## Episode two: Windsor Castle

Bruce charts Windsor Castle, the oldest and the largest inhabited castle in the world dating back to the 11th century. Originally built in the Norman period, the castle was the inspiration behind the formation of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III of England much like the glory of the court of the Round Table of King Arthur. The first tournament of the Order was held at Windsor Castle on Saint George's Day 1349. The castle also houses the grand medieval Saint George's Chapel which is the spiritual home of the Order of the Garter. The castle was neglected until the Glorious Restoration of the monarchy by King Charles II who returned the castle to its former splendour by sumptuously redecorating it. The castle was again neglected for many years until the reign of King George IV who completely reinvented it. He doubled the height of the Round Tower by adding 30 ft in height. His greatest monument was the Waterloo Chamber, decorated with portraits of the key players who helped defeat Napoleon. During World War I King George V changed the family name from the Germanic Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the more English House of Windsor as a symbol of strength and sovereignty. The castle suffered damage during World War II, and also the fire of 20 November 1992. Many of the castle's state rooms were destroyed but were all later restored after a £37 million programme was launched.

## Episode three: Palace of Holyroodhouse

Bruce charts the history of the Palace from its early days as an Augustinian abbey. Around 1501 James IV decided to convert the buildings into a palace. His daughter Mary, Queen of Scots returned from France to the palace at the age of eighteen after the death of her husband, the King of France, who had died after three years of marriage. Her disastrous second marriage to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, the 1566 murder of her private secretary David Rizzio and the mysterious death of Darnley. The Palace also holds the last picture of Mary at the time of her execution. Later, the Civil War in England led to the neglect of the house until 1660 when Charles II of England was restored, and he updated the palace into a building never seen before in Scotland with classically themed French tapestries favoured at the time. He ordered a grand staircase and the Great Gallery, containing contemporary portraits of every Scottish monarch then known. In 1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie used the house as a campaign headquarters during his attempt to reclaim the throne for the Stuarts. George IV of the United Kingdom, born a German, was the first king to visit in over 150 years and, as his portrait in the palace testifies, the first one to wear tartan. The final stage covered is that of Queen Victoria, and the bequeathing in 1868 of an elaborate Flemish cabinet.

## InfoBox

| *The Queen's Palaces* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Written by | Fiona Bruce |
| Directed by | Ian Leese (1,2)
Deborah Lees (3) |
| Presented by | Fiona Bruce |
| Composers | Chris Nicolaides
John Chilton
Peter Linlor |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 3 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Basil Comely |
| Producers | Ian Leese (1,2)
Deborah Lees (3) |
| Running time | 55-60 mins |
| Production company | BBC Production |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC |
| Release | 12 September (2011-09-12)
26 September 2011 (2011-09-26) |


title: Fintan of Clonenagh

abstract: Fintan of Clonenagh was an Irish hermit and monk. He was an abbot and disciple of Columba of Terryglass.

text:
# Fintan of Clonenagh

**Fintan of Clonenagh** (c. 526 – 603) was an Irish hermit and monk. He was an abbot and disciple of Columba of Terryglass.

## Life

Fintan was born in about 526, the son of Christians Gabhren and Findlath.

The monastery at Clonenagh was founded in the 6th century by Fintan of Clonenagh who entrusted it to his disciple Columba when Colum moved on to Terryglass around 548. Fintan received his religious formation under the Abbot Colum, and was deeply influenced by his penitential practices and the severity of his Rule. Under his direction Fintan developed a reputation for austerity.

Fintan gave his monks very strict rules not to consume any animal products. The community did not have even one cow and so they had neither milk nor butter. The monks complained they couldn’t do hard work on so meagre a diet. A deputation of local clergy headed by Canice of Aghaboe came to urge him to improve it. He agreed for his monks, but he elected to keep to the strict diet himself. Fintan was reported to have lived on only "bread of woody barley and clayey water of clay".

His disciples included Colmán of Oughaval, and Comgall of Bangor. He has been compared by the Irish annalists to St. Benedict, and is styled "Father of the Irish Monks".

Fintan of Clonenagh is regarded as one of three patron saints of county Laois which include Colman Mac ua Laoise and Mochua of Timahoe. He died in 603. His feast day is 17 February.

Though he is sometimes confused with Fintán or Munnu, abbot of Taghmon, they are distinct.

## St. Fintan's Tree, Clonenagh

This tree, an *acer pseudoplatanus*, was planted in the late 18th or early 19th century at the site of the Early Christian monastic site of Clonenagh. The tree is dedicated to Saint Fintan and it became custom to insert coins into the tree from which the tree suffered and was believed to be dead until the tree started to recover with some new shoots. It was blown down in a storm in 1994.

## Further reading

* Millar, Seamus. "St Fintan of Clonenagh." *Carloviana: Journal of the Old Carlow Society* 1:22 (1973): 10-12. RHS record
* Sperber, Ingrid. "'Late and not of special distinction'? The misunderstood Life of St Fintan of Clonenagh". In *Ossory, Laois and Leinster* 1 (2004): pp. 2849. ISSN 1649-4938. RHS record

## InfoBox

| Saint<br>Fintan of Clonenagh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 526 |
| Canonized | pre-congregation |
| Feast | 17 February |


title: The Oath (Battlestar Galactica)

abstract: "The Oath" is the thirteenth episode in the fourth season of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica. It aired on television in the United States and Canada on January 30, 2009 and in the UK on Sky One on February 3, 2009. In the previous episode, the fleet's leadership announced its plan to upgrade the fleet's faster-than-light drives using Cylon technology to triple its reach in searching for a final home. Felix Gaeta, betrayed by Cylons on several occasions, vehemently opposes the plan. Finally, he makes a pact with Tom Zarek, as of then not fully disclosed, to, in his words, rectify things that have gone wrong. The episode has a survivor count of 39,643.

text:
# The Oath (Battlestar Galactica)

"**The Oath**" is the thirteenth episode in the fourth season of the reimagined *Battlestar Galactica*. It aired on television in the United States and Canada on January 30, 2009 and in the UK on Sky One on February 3, 2009.

In the previous episode, the fleet's leadership announced its plan to upgrade the fleet's faster-than-light drives using Cylon technology to triple its reach in searching for a final home. Felix Gaeta, betrayed by Cylons on several occasions, vehemently opposes the plan. Finally, he makes a pact with Tom Zarek, as of then not fully disclosed, to, in his words, rectify things that have gone wrong. The episode has a survivor count of 39,643.

## Plot

Gaeta helps Zarek to jailbreak from the *Galactica* onto *Colonial One*. There, Zarek talks Lee Adama into leaving *Colonial One* and returning to *Galactica*, to request from Admiral Adama the reason for letting Zarek go. In the meantime, Gaeta organizes a full scale mutiny on-board *Galactica*, with the civilians arming themselves using weapons from *Galactica*'s weapons lockers. Kara Thrace notices the uprising, and tries to get confirmation on what is happening, but is denied the information, being repelled on the grounds of her status being unknown after the events of "Sometimes a Great Notion". Officers of the fleet who have mutinied, among them prominent people like Racetrack, Narcho and Skulls, take Lee Adama hostage upon arrival on the *Galactica*. He is promptly rescued by Thrace. They flee together, and decide to try to remedy the situation to whatever extent is in their reach.

Rebel crew members imprison Samuel Anders, as well as Karl Agathon and his wife Sharon Agathon, and their child, Hera Agathon, together with Caprica Six in a brig cell. In the CIC, Admiral Adama and Saul Tigh are taken hostage and sent to the brig as well. Adama and Tigh manage to overwhelm their captors and break free. Lee Adama and Capt. Thrace help President Laura Roslin (who has decided to take an active role in government again) meet with Gaius Baltar in order for her to use Baltar's wireless transmitter to address the fleet and bring the people back into order; afterwards they join up by coincidence with Admiral Adama and Tigh. Together they make their way to Storage Bay Two, from where Galen Tyrol has promised to take the Admiral and the President into safety on the rebel Cylon basestar.

Zarek keeps control of the situation from *Colonial One*. He is displeased to learn that one of his intentions—Adama's death—has not been fulfilled.

Alone in the storage bay, Baltar and Roslin come back closer together. They finally realize that they have more in common than it seemed all along. Roslin makes it off the *Galactica* with Tyrol's help; Gaeta, however, orders their Raptor destroyed. Saul Tigh and Admiral Adama defend the storage bay from where the Raptor took off, only to be attacked by rebel marines. Both Tigh and Adama's fates, as well as that of the Raptor, remain uncertain at the end of the episode.

## Ratings

Total viewership dropped significantly again for this episode. Total viewership dropped to just 1.560 million same-day viewers, down from 1.717 million total viewers the week before and 2.1 million same-day viewers for the Season 4.5 premiere two weeks earlier.

## Critical reception

Alan Sepinwall of *The Star-Ledger* praised how the episode "showed, again and again, characters using the mutiny as an excuse to settle old scores, or, even worse, to let off all of the steam that's built up over this awful four-year journey" and appreciated that the writers acknowledged through Lee "one of the few characters who still has a relatively clean conscience" and that Gaeta and Zarek have a point about the Cylon alliance. Maureen Ryan of the *Chicago Tribune* felt that the episode "worked on a number of levels: There was the slow-building mystery of what the rebels were actually up to – the tension slowly ratcheted up as various facets of their plan were revealed. Despite all the slam-bang action – which was expertly directed by John Dahl – the episode threaded through a critique of Adama and Roslin's methods and actions."

## InfoBox

| "**The Oath**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Battlestar Galactica* episode | |
| Lee Adama is being taken hostage by mutineers | |
| Episode no. | Season 4<br>Episode 13 |
| Directed by | John Dahl |
| Written by | Mark Verheiden |
| Original air date | January 30, 2009 (2009-01-30) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


abstract: The First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies was held from 16 June to 7 July 1917 N.S. in Petrograd in the building of the First Cadet Corps on Vasilyevsky Island. The First All-Russian Congress of Soviets, at which the majority belonged to the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, rejected the resolutions proposed by the Bolsheviks to end the war and transfer all power to the Soviets and adopted Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik resolutions proclaiming the full support of the Socialist Ministers and the continuation of the "revolutionary war" on the basis of the rejection of annexations and indemnities. The Congress elected its permanent body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, whose chairman was elected Menshevik Nikolay Chkheidze, who was also Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet until 19 September 1917.

text:
# First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies

The **First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies** was held from 16 June to 7 July 1917 N.S. in Petrograd in the building of the First Cadet Corps on Vasilyevsky Island. The First All-Russian Congress of Soviets, at which the majority belonged to the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, rejected the resolutions proposed by the Bolsheviks to end the war and transfer all power to the Soviets and adopted Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik resolutions proclaiming the full support of the Socialist Ministers and the continuation of the "revolutionary war" on the basis of the rejection of annexations and indemnities.

The Congress elected its permanent body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, whose chairman was elected Menshevik Nikolay Chkheidze, who was also Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet until 19 September 1917.

## Background

Shortly after the February Revolution, the Petrograd Soviet began preparations for the convening of the All-Russian Conference of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which took place from 11 to 16 April 1917. In their resolution, delegates endorsed a policy of continuing Russia's participation in a world war ("defencism"), supporting the policy of the Provisional Government on this issue, subject to "refusal to seize aspirations".

The meeting was a major step in the design of the Soviet system; the next step in the formation of "Soviet legality" was the convocation of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. The decision to hold the Congress as the highest organ of the Soviets was taken at the Meeting, organizational work was entrusted to the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, which included 16 representatives of provincial Soviets and front-line army units, which expanded its authority throughout the country until the convocation of the congress.

The norms of representation were as follows: Councils of districts with a population of 25,000 to 50,000 voters sent two delegates, from 50,000 to 75,000 – three, from 75,000 to 100,000 – four, from 100,000 to 150,000 – five, from 150 000 to 200 000 – six, over 200 000 – eight.

## Composition

| Party membership
of the First All-Russian Congress
of Workers' and
Soldiers' Deputies' Soviets | |
| --- | --- |
| Party | Seats |
| Socialist Revolutionaries | 285 |
| Mensheviks | 248 |
| Bolsheviks | 105 |
| Mensheviks-Internationalists | 32 |
| Non-fractional socialists | 73 |
| Mensheviks-Combiners
(United Social Democrats) | 10 |
| Bund | 10 |
| Plekhanov's Unity Faction | 3 |
| People's Socialists | 3 |
| Trudoviks | 5 |
| Communist Anarchists | 1 |
| Socialist revolutionaries
and social democrats
standing on the platform | 2 |

The Congress was attended by 1090 delegates representing 305 united Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, 53 regional, provincial and district associations of Soviets, 21 organizations of the active army, 5 fleet Soviets and 8 rear military organizations.

About 777 delegates state their political leanings, among them 285 Socialist Revolutionaries, 248 Mensheviks, 105 Bolsheviks, 32 Mensheviks-Internationalists, 10 Mensheviks-Combiners and 24 more delegates who were in other factions and groups.

## Agenda

The following questions were brought up for discussion at the congress:

1. Revolutionary democracy and government power;
2. Attitude towards war: issues of defense and struggle for peace;
3. Preparation for the Constituent Assembly;
4. National question;
5. The land question and questions of peasants', workers' and soldiers' life;
6. Organization of production, distribution, transport and control over it;
7. Food issue;
8. Financial policy issues;
9. Local government;
10. Organizational issues and elections.

## Bolsheviks' demarche

At the congress, the Bolsheviks were in the minority, making up only 13.5% of the delegates who declared their party affiliation. However, despite this, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Vladimir Lenin, went to a loud demarche, responding to the statement by the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet Menshevik Irakli Tsereteli: "At the moment in Russia there is no political party that would say: give power to our hands, leave, we will take your place. There is no such party in Russia" with a cry from the spot: "There is such a party!". The Socialist Revolutionary-Menshevik majority met Lenin's demarche with a laugh, to which he replied: "You can laugh as much as you want... Trust us, and we will give you our program. Our conference on April 29 gave this program. Unfortunately, it is not considered and is not guided by it. Apparently, it is required to find out her popularly". In his speech, Lenin proposed "arrest the 50-100 largest millionaires", introduce workers' control in the industry and make peace.

## Congress Decisions

The delegates to the congress rejected the resolutions proposed by the Bolsheviks on ending the war and transferring all power to the Soviets, for which they called Lenin "compromisers". The congress adopted the Socialist Revolutionary and Menshevik resolutions proclaiming the full support of the socialist ministers and the continuation of the "revolutionary war" on the principles of refusal of annexations and indemnities.

The congress elected its permanent body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies' Soviets, consisting of 320 deputies. The composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was also Socialist Revolutionary-Menshevik: 123 Mensheviks, 119 Social Revolutionaries, 58 Bolsheviks, 13 United Social Democrats, 7 others. Menshevik Nikolay Chkheidze became the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

## Situation around the Congress

On 21 June 1917, the Central Committee and the Petrograd Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) announced their intention to hold a peaceful demonstration on 23 June 1917 in support of the demands of the striking workers of Petrograd (see Conflict over Dacha Durnovo). The next day, however, under the pressure of the Socialist Revolutionary-Menshevik majority of the Congress of Soviets, which accused the Bolsheviks of organizing a "military plot", the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks), not wanting to oppose itself to the Congress, canceled its demonstration.

On 1 July 1917 a mass demonstration organized by the Congress of Soviets was held in Petrograd on the Field of Mars. However, contrary to the expectations of the organizers who planned to hold a general political demonstration of confidence in the Provisional Government, the action, which was attended by about 500 thousand people, was held under the Bolshevik slogans "Down with ten capitalist ministers!", "It's time to end the war!", "All power to the Soviets!" that testified to the gap between the mood of the masses of the capital and the policies of the Provisional Government and the leadership of the Soviets.

A group of armed anarchists joined the manifestation during the rally raided the Kresty Prison, freeing six of their supporters and a member of the Military Organization of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) Flavian Khaustov.

Numerous demonstrations of workers and soldiers under the slogans of the Bolsheviks took place on this day also in Moscow, Kiev, Kharkov, Minsk, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and other cities.

On 2 July 1917, a separate resolution of the congress supported the offensive of the Russian army that began at the front.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference of the Soviets Second Congress | |
| Session of the Congress | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | All-Russian Congress of Soviets |
| Meeting place | First Cadet Corps |
| Term | 16 June 1917 – 7 July 1917 |
| Party control | Socialist Revolutionary Party |


title: The Recruit (Australian TV series)

abstract: The Recruit is an Australian rules football reality television series that aired on Fox8 from 16 July 2014 to 21 September 2016. The winner of the show was drafted to an Australian Football League (AFL) club's rookie list via a special draft in September at the end of each series. They were listed as a Category B rookie. The first series was hosted by Ryan Fitzgerald and featured Michael Voss as the head coach. Mick Malthouse replaced Voss as head coach for the second series. Other key members of the program are former Hawthorn player Ben Dixon as Assistant Coach, Leigh Russell as the Elite Performance Manager, and Port Adelaide fitness coach Darren Burgess as the High Performance Coach. Contestants must not have been previously selected to an AFL club list, be over 20 years of age, and have not played in a senior state league in the past two years. On 18 September 2014, the series was renewed for a second season. Originally scheduled to air in 2015, it was later announced it would air in 2016 due to multiple factors, one of which was the departure of Voss as coach. On 3 August 2015, it was announced Gary Buckenara would be a scout in the second season, and that Fitzgerald will not return as host. The second and final season began on 20 July 2016.

text:
# The Recruit (Australian TV series)

***The Recruit*** is an Australian rules football reality television series that aired on Fox8 from 16 July 2014 to 21 September 2016.

The winner of the show was drafted to an Australian Football League (AFL) club's rookie list via a special draft in September at the end of each series. They were listed as a Category B rookie (i.e. the same as an international player or someone who had not played for more than three years).

The first series was hosted by Ryan Fitzgerald and featured Michael Voss as the head coach. Mick Malthouse replaced Voss as head coach for the second series. Other key members of the program are former Hawthorn player Ben Dixon as Assistant Coach, Leigh Russell as the Elite Performance Manager, and Port Adelaide fitness coach Darren Burgess as the High Performance Coach.

Contestants must not have been previously selected to an AFL club list, be over 20 years of age, and have not played in a senior state league in the past two years.

On 18 September 2014, the series was renewed for a second season. Originally scheduled to air in 2015, it was later announced it would air in 2016 due to multiple factors, one of which was the departure of Voss as coach.

On 3 August 2015, it was announced Gary Buckenara would be a scout in the second season, and that Fitzgerald will not return as host (although he did return as host for the live finale). The second and final season began on 20 July 2016.

## Series overview

| Season | | Episodes | Originally aired | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Season premiere | | Season finale |
|  |  | 10 | 16 July 2014 | 17 September 2014 |
|  |  | 10 | 20 July 2016 | 21 September 2016 |

## Season 1

### Contestants

The final squad of 13 players was selected from 50 contestants.

| Name | Club | State/Country | Position | Comments | Status | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Johann Wagner | Tasman FC | SA | Forward | Had signed with Central District | Winner, signed with Port Adelaide | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Bradie Foster | Aspley AFC | Qld | Ruck/forward | Former captain of the AIS volleyball team | Runner-Up | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Chris Moreland | Geelong West St Peters FC | Victoria | Midfield |  | Delisted in Episode 10 | The Recruit, Geelong Advertiser |
| Reece Maxwell |  | WA | Utility | Played basketball for Gillette College | Delisted in episode 9 | The Recruit |
| Padraig Lucey |  | Ireland | Ruck |  | Introduced in episode 3, Delisted in episode 9. However he was signed by Geelong. | The Recruit |
| Ryan Semmel | Rye Football Club | Victoria | Midfield/forward | 2013 Cheatley Medalist | Delisted in episode 9 | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Brendan Goss | Old Xaverians | Victoria | Forward |  | Delisted in episode 8 | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Nathan Jackel | Darley FC | Victoria | Midfield |  | Delisted in episode 7 | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Mark Cisco |  | USA | Forward/ruck |  | Introduced in episode 3
Delisted in episode 6 | The Recruit, US combine |
| Waylon Manson | Billiluna Community | WA | Ruck/forward | Highly rated 2011 AFL Draft prospect | Delisted in episode 6 | The Recruit, WAFL |
| Ryan Smith | Lancelin Ledge Point FC | WA | Centre half-forward/Centre half-back | Previously played for East Perth FC Son and brother of golfers Wayne and Kristie Smith | Delisted in episode 5 | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Daniel Johncock | South Launceston FC | Tasmania | Midfield |  | Delisted in episode 4 | The Recruit, |
| Michael Hutchinson | Aspley AFC | Queensland | Backline |  | Delisted in episode 4 | The Recruit, AFL draft profile |
| James Brackin | Macquarie University AFC | NSW | Centre half-forward |  | Delisted in episode 3 | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |
| Tyrone Armitage | Manly Warringah FC | NSW | Half-forward/midfield | 2013 Phelan Medalist | Delisted in episode 2 | The Recruit, Fox Sports Pulse |

### Season 1 episodes (2014)

| No. | Title | Original air Date | Overnight Australian viewers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Cut" | 16 July 2014 (2014-07-16) | 119,000 |
| 2 | "Drop Zone" | 23 July 2014 (2014-07-23) | 94,000 |
| 3 | "Leap of Faith" | 30 July 2014 (2014-07-30) | 88,000 |
| 4 | "Child's Play" | 6 August 2014 (2014-08-06) | 105,000 |
| 5 | "Survival of the Fittest" | 13 August 2014 (2014-08-13) | 123,000 |
| 6 | "Stranded at Sea" | 20 August 2014 (2014-08-20) | 130,000 |
| 7 | "Follow the Leader" | 27 August 2014 (2014-08-27) | 88,000 |
| 8 | "Recruits at War" | 3 September 2014 (2014-09-03) | 119,000 |
| 9 | "Swimming with the Sharks" | 10 September 2014 (2014-09-10) | 133,000 |
| 10 | "The Draft" | 17 September 2014 (2014-09-17) | 162,000 |

## Season 2

### Contestants

The final squad of 15 players was selected from 50 contestants.

| Name | Age | Club | League | Hometown | Position | Status | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Matt Eagles | 26 | Yeronga South Brisbane FC | Queensland FA | Morningside, Queensland | Full forward / ruck | Winner, signed with Brisbane Lions | The Recruit |
| Daniel Cox | 21 | Cable Beach FC | West Kimberley FA | Broome, WA | Midfield / half-forward | Runner-Up | The Recruit |
| Jordan Treloar | 23 | Heidelberg FC | Northern FL | Macleod, Victoria | Centre half-forward | Delisted in Episode 10 | The Recruit |
| Jayden Kelly | 27 | North Broken Hill FC | Broken Hill FL | Broken Hill, NSW | Midfield | Delisted in Episode 9 | The Recruit |
| Jackson Sketcher | 24 | Noble Park FC | Eastern FL | Melbourne, Victoria | Half-back | Delisted in Episode 9 | The Recruit |
| Jack Dimery | 23 | East Coast Eagles | Sydney AFL | Quakers Hill, NSW | Midfield / half-back | Delisted in Episode 8 | The Recruit |
| Darren Allen | 21 | Lindenow FC | East Gippsland FL | Lindenow, Victoria | Midfield / half-forward | Relinquished his position in the competition in Episode 7 | The Recruit |
| Justin Van Unen | 26 | Mt Eliza FC | Mornington Peninsula Nepean FL | Nunawading, Victoria | Full forward | Delisted in Episode 6 | The Recruit |
| Brady Egan | 21 | Rye FC | Mornington Peninsula Nepean FL | Rye, Victoria | Wing / half-forward | Delisted in Episode 5 | The Recruit |
| Dillan Jones | 23 | Saints FC | Newman FL | Newman, WA | Forward | Delisted in Episode 5 | The Recruit |
| Rhett Coots | 21 | Rupertswood FC | Riddell District FL | Melbourne, Victoria | Half-back | Delisted in Episode 5 | The Recruit |
| Jeconiah "Jay Jay" Peni | 20 | Balwyn FC | Eastern FL | Balwyn, Victoria | Wing | Delisted in Episode 4 | The Recruit |
| Shylo Smith | 25 | Essendon Doutta Stars | Essendon District FL | Point Cook, Victoria | Midfield | Delisted in Episode 3 | The Recruit |
| Jason Williams | 22 | Diggers Rest FC | Riddell District FL | Sunbury, Victoria | Half-forward / half-back | Delisted in Episode 2 due to injury | The Recruit |
| Fabian Brancatisano | 22 | Pyramid Hill FC | Loddon Valley FL | Kealba, Victoria | Wing / half-forward | Delisted in Episode 1 | The Recruit |

### Season 2 episodes (2016)

| No. | Title | Captain's challenge | Captain's challenge winner | Original air date | Australian viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Episode 1" | Run around The Tan and kayak the Yarra River | Rhett Coots | 20 July 2016 (2016-07-20) | 118,000 |
| 2 | "Episode 2" | Abseil down the wall of the Gordon Dam in Tasmania | Jay Jay Peni | 27 July 2016 (2016-07-27) | 106,000 |
| 3 | "Episode 3" | Run a football clinic for children in Darwin, Northern Territory | Darren Allen | 3 August 2016 (2016-08-03) | 102,000 |
| 4 | "Episode 4" | Walking a tightrope across Etihad Stadium with a football to drop on a target | Jack Dimery | 10 August 2016 (2016-08-10) | 97,000 |
| 5 | "Episode 5" | Discus, long jump and relay race with Little Athletics children | Matt Eagles | 17 August 2016 (2016-08-17) | 75,000 |
| 6 | "Episode 6" | Race through a tough obstacle course | Jayden Kelly | 24 August 2016 (2016-08-24) | 95,000 |
| 7 | "Episode 7" | V8 Supercar tyre change | Matt Eagles | 31 August 2016 (2016-08-31) | 76,000 |
| 8 | "Episode 8" | Helicopter water escape | Jackson Sketcher | 7 September 2016 (2016-09-07) | 78,000 |
| 9 | "Episode 9" | Holding a 10 kg football above head | Matt Eagles | 14 September 2016 (2016-09-14) | 86,000 |
| 10 | "Final - Live draft" | N/A | N/A | 21 September 2016 (2016-09-21) | 150,000 |

### Guests

| Guest | Episode |
| --- | --- |
| Anthony Koutoufides | 1 |
| Brent Harvey | 1 |
| Corey Enright | 1 |
| Dermott Brereton | 1 |
| Dustin Fletcher | 1 |
| Jason Akermanis | 1 |
| Ian Thorpe | 4 |
| Jonathan Brown | 4, 9 |
| Stephanie Rice | 4 |
| Cathy Freeman | 5 |
| Barry Hall | 6, 9 |
| Ryan Fitzgerald | 6 |
| Paul Licuria | 7 |
| David Reynolds | 7 |
| Lauryn Eagle | 8 |
| Shane Warne | 8 |
| Brendan Fevola | 9 |
| Kevin Sheedy | 9 |

## InfoBox

| *The Recruit* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Sports
Reality |
| Presented by | Ryan Fitzgerald (S1), (S2 - Finale) |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 20 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production companies | McGuire Media
The Media Tribe |
| Original release | |
| Network | Fox8 |
| Release | 16 July 2014 (2014-07-16)
21 September 2016 (2016-09-21) |
| Related | |
| Cricket Superstar | |


title: The Recruit (film)

abstract: The Recruit is a 2003 American spy thriller film, directed by Roger Donaldson, and starring Al Pacino, Colin Farrell and Bridget Moynahan. It was produced by Spyglass Entertainment in association with Epsilon Motion Pictures and Place Productions, and released by Touchstone Pictures through Buena Vista Pictures Distribution on January 31, 2003, receiving mixed reviews from critics and grossing $101 million worldwide.

text:
# The Recruit (film)

***The Recruit*** is a 2003 American spy thriller film, directed by Roger Donaldson, and starring Al Pacino, Colin Farrell and Bridget Moynahan. It was produced by Spyglass Entertainment in association with Epsilon Motion Pictures and Place Productions, and released by Touchstone Pictures through Buena Vista Pictures Distribution on January 31, 2003, receiving mixed reviews from critics and grossing $101 million worldwide.

## Plot

James Clayton is a prodigious programmer studying nonlinear cryptography at MIT, collaborating with a group of students to create Spartacus, a surveillance program that can enslave any computer's audiovisual hardware to the master computer via the internet. His group showcases the software to Dell at a campus fair, drawing substantial interest in its uses.

While working at his bartender job, James is approached by Walter Burke, a man who works for the Central Intelligence Agency and claims to have known James’ deceased father. After a pitch from Burke to recruit him into the agency, James initially declines until he reconsiders it as an opportunity to get answers to his father's mysterious plane crash in Peru several years earlier.

James passes the initial security screenings and is bussed with the rest of his class to The Farm in rural Virginia, where they undergo training as potential operatives. While there, James develops an attraction to Layla Moore and a rivalry with Zack, who is James’ competition for top of the class.

One night during a training exercise in which James and Layla are paired together to tail a mark, they are abducted by masked assailants, imprisoned, and tortured psychologically and physically for several days. Their interrogators wish to know what happens at The Farm and the names of those who teach there. After resisting for days, James breaks when he's told about Layla's brutal treatment. He reveals Burke's name, at which point it's revealed that the whole experience was part of an exercise that the class was observing, including Layla, and that James failed by breaking. He is then removed from The Farm.

Later, Burke seeks out a despondent James and informs him that his discharge was part of a cover story because he's been selected as a non-official cover operative, or “NOC”. He gives James a low-level data entry position at the Agency (on the basis that his progress at The Farm was sufficient for this work) so he can get close to Layla, who has graduated from The Farm and now holds a higher position than James. Burke explains that Layla is suspected of working with foreign agents to steal CIA secrets, specifically a highly sensitive computer virus, called "ICE-9" because it transmits via the electrical grid rather than telecommunications and is easily capable of disabling all electrical devices on the planet instantly, thus behaving similarly to the particle from the Kurt Vonnegut novel *Cat's Cradle*.

James reunites with Layla and the two begin a romantic relationship. While staying overnight at her home, he checks her laptop for evidence of her crimes and she plants a bug on the lapel of his winter coat. Later, he witnesses her making a live drop at Union Station and follows the mysterious agent who retrieves what Layla left behind. The two end up in a shootout on the train tracks and the agent, who is revealed to be Zack, is killed.

Believing both of them to be traitors, James confronts Layla, who tells him that Zack was the NOC, not him, and that she was tasked with assessing the security protocols of the CIA headquarters because it was feared that someone else was stealing CIA material.

James then goes to a meet with Burke, where he confronts Burke about what's really happening. Burke claims that Zack's death was faked, that the gun Burke gave James is loaded with non-lethal ammunition, and that everyone is intending to rendezvous soon for debriefing. However, Burke catches James off guard and shoots at him, narrowly missing him but blowing out the rear window of his vehicle in the process, proving that the gun was in fact loaded with live ammunition and therefore Zack is indeed dead.

Burke pursues James through the abandoned warehouse they were parked outside of, taunting James along the way with an explanation of why he set up the elaborate lie to implicate them and cover up his own crimes of selling Agency secrets to foreign governments. James meanwhile has set up a laptop running Spartacus; though it failed to connect, he leads Burke to believe it successfully transmitted his confession back to the Agency and he's now incriminated for everything. Burke angrily destroys the laptop and pursues James out of the warehouse, where a CIA strike team led by Dennis Slayne, another Farm instructor, is waiting. Burke launches into a tirade, airing his grievances against the Agency, believing that he was never appreciated for all the sacrifices he made in his career. Slayne realizes that Burke is the one they're looking for and directs the strike team to target Burke to take into custody, revealing they were originally there to arrest James.

Realizing now that he truly is incriminated, Burke refuses to be taken into custody and instead raises his empty gun at the strike team, who shoot and kill him. Slayne then drives James back to headquarters for a debrief, cryptically mentioning along the way that James was meant to be in that line of work because “it’s in \[his\] blood”, suggesting that his father did in fact work for the agency, despite Burke's earlier denial of such.

## Cast

## Production

Development on the film was first announced in August 1998. The film was produced by Gary Barber's and Roger Birnbaum's production company Spyglass Entertainment, with financial support from Disney's Touchstone Pictures and German film financing company Epsilon Motion Pictures (which was owned by the Kirch Group at the time). Filming began on December 3, 2001. It was filmed mainly in Toronto and Niagara-on-the-Lake in Canada, with some landmark scenes, such as that from the Iwo Jima Memorial by the Arlington National Cemetery, shot in and around Washington, D.C. The film's working title was *The Farm*. James Foley was considered to direct, but was replaced by Donaldson before filming began.

A video game adaptation was proposed by Torus Games for BAM! Entertainment, but the game was retooled into *Ice Nine* before release.

## Reception

### Box office

The film was released on January 31, 2003, and earned $16.3 million in its first weekend. Its final gross was $52.8 million in the United States and $48.4 million internationally, for a total of $101.2 million.

### Critical response

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 43% based on 167 reviews, with an average rating of 5.55/10. The website's critics consensus states: "This polished thriller is engaging until it takes one twist too many into the predictable." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of B+ on a scale of A+ to F.

Owen Gleiberman of *Entertainment Weekly* gave the film a positive review, with a B+ score. He wrote, "From the get-go, *The Recruit* is one of those thrillers that delights in pulling the rug out from under you, only to find another rug below that." Carla Meyer of *San Francisco Chronicle* also gave a positive review to the film, stating, "Pacino and Farrell bring a wary curiosity to their early scenes, with Farrell displaying a palpable hunger for praise and Pacino a corresponding mastery of how to hook somebody by parceling out compliments. They're a swarthier version of Robert Redford and Brad Pitt in *Spy Game*–only *The Recruit* is more about mind games."

Todd McCarthy of *Variety* stated, "The whole picture may be hokey, but the first part is agreeably so, the second part not. At the very least, one comes away with a new appreciation of the difficulty of interoffice romance at the CIA." Mike Clark of *USA Today* gave a mixed review to the film, stating, "Nothing is ever what it seems, but still, nothing's very compelling in *The Recruit*, a less-than-middling melodrama whose subject matter and talent never click as much as its credits portend."

### CIA reaction

In 2009, the movie was reviewed by new CIA employees, who wrote that although "everyone in the Agency believes the movie is ridiculous", the movie is "entertaining" and that "all of the covert service trainees watched the film on the bus going into training" for "comic relief".

According to T.J. Waters (a former Farm student), *The Recruit* is "a mediocre movie" in which he "recognize\[s\] a lot of similarities with the real Farm".

## InfoBox

| The Recruit | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Roger Donaldson |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Stuart Dryburgh |
| Edited by | David Rosenbloom |
| Music by | Klaus Badelt |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution |
| Release dates | * January 25, 2003 (2003-01-25) (Febio Film Festival) * January 31, 2003 (2003-01-31) (United States) |
| Running time | 115 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $46 million |
| Box office | $101.2 million |


title: Five Hand Reel

abstract: Five Hand Reel was a Scottish/English/Irish Celtic rock band of the late 1970s, that combined experiences of traditional Scottish and Irish folk music with electric rock arrangements. The members of the band were Dick Gaughan, Bobby Eaglesham (1942–2004), Tom Hickland (1948–2020), Barry Lyons, Dave Tulloch and later Sam Bracken.

text:
# Five Hand Reel

**Five Hand Reel** was a Scottish/English/Irish Celtic rock band of the late 1970s, that combined experiences of traditional Scottish and Irish folk music with electric rock arrangements. The members of the band were Dick Gaughan (born 17 May 1948), Bobby Eaglesham (1942–2004), Tom Hickland (1948–2020), Barry Lyons (born 1950), Dave Tulloch and later Sam Bracken.

## History

Five Hand Reel was formed originally in 1975 from the remnants of UK electric folk band Spencer's Feat: bassist Barry Lyons (ex Mr. Fox & Trees), Tom Hickland on fiddle and keyboards, and drummer Dave Tulloch. Enlisting two Scottish musicians, fiddler Chuck Fleming and singer/guitarist Bobby Eaglesham, they decided to call themselves Five Hand Reel. They started gigging in late 1975, playing their first London show at King's Cross Cinema. However, in early 1976, Chuck Fleming, returned to his previous band, the JSD Band. His replacement was the Scottish singer and guitarist Dick Gaughan, an ex member of The Boys of the Lough. The live debut of the renewed band was at the Half Moon in Putney in mid 1975.

Five Hand Reel signed with Rubber Records in 1976 and recorded their first album, *Five Hand Reel*, at Impulse Studios in Newcastle on Tyne. It was voted as "Folk Album of the Year" for 1976 by *Melody Maker*.

The second album, *For A' That*, was recorded, now from RCA Records, in July 1977, at the height of the punk summer of discontent. The opening "Bratach Bana" was one of the first Gaelic songs to be recorded using rock elements. The Irish band Horslips had recorded the same song in Gaelic on their album *Happy To Meet - Sorry to Part*, also in a rock arrangement. As Dick Gaughan says in his notes to the album: "It seems odd in these days when it is now perfectly normal to sing Gaelic songs in a contemporary fashion that this was regarded as extremely daring and adventurous in 1977. We've come a long, long way since those days."

Much of Five Hand Reel's live work was on club, college, and folk festivals of England and Northern Europe. They were very popular in Scandinavia and recorded an album of traditional Danish songs *Ebbe, Dagmar, Svend og Alan* with Danish folk singer and radio presenter Alan Klitgaard. In England they were slightly less popular, though highly appreciated in the North East folk clubs, punk clubs and at The Half Moon, Putney, as a live act.

In 1978, Five Hand Reel's third RCA album, *Earl O'Moray*, was recorded in Rockfield Studios in Monmouth, Wales and produced by Simon Nicol of Fairport Convention. It was rather different from the two previous LPs: a darker sounding, more seriously minded album with a rich passionate undercurrent.

In late 1978, Dick Gaughan decided to leave the band, after his young daughter was involved in a road accident, and he realised he needed to be at home at this time to support his family. He later resumed his solo career. His replacement for a short time was Sam Bracken, a guitarist and singer from Belfast. Bracken's Irish accent sounded fresh but the rejuvenated band recorded only one more album, 1979's *A Bunch Of Fives* for Topic Records before finally splitting in 1980. RCA also issued a compilation, *Nothing But The Best*, that year.

After the break-up, the members of Five Hand Reel pursued various solo projects. Bobby Eaglesham released his second (after 1973's *Bobby Eaglesham*) album, *Weather The Storm* in 1982. He contributed backing vocals on Dick Gaughan's 1988 solo album, *Call It Freedom*, started Festival Folk at the Royal Oak Pub in Edinburgh, toured with Chuck Fleming, and contributed to the compilation CDs of The Songs of Robert Burns. Later he graduated as an artist from Edinburgh College of Art, with residencies in the US and UK. Bobby Eaglesham died from a heart attack in 2004. In late 2016, Gaughan withdrew from public performances, to recover from the effects of a stroke. He returned to limited performances in late 2018. On 15 April 2020, Tom Hickland died after a battle with cancer and complications brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Drummer Dave Tulloch rejoined forces with Dick Gaughan on *A Different Kind Of Love Song*. Tom Hickland played in a trio called The Pub Band, doing The Beatles/Buddy Holly/folk rock material. Sam Bracken recorded with his wife Elaine Bracken, a singer/flautist, a duet CD *Once More Around The Block* in 2003. Barry Lyons played both in a duo and band with Paul King from Mungo Jerry and later with Jamie Marshall & Grahame White until his departure to Canada in 1996. He worked for a Canadian company, Long & McQuade Musical Instruments in Toronto until 2012, he now runs his own business.

## Discography

### Albums

* *5 Hand Reel* (1976)
* *For A' That* (1977)
* *Earl O'Moray* (1978)
* *A Bunch of Fives* (1979)

### With Alan Klitgaard

* *Ebbe, Dagmar, Svend og Alan* (1977)

### Compilation albums

* *Nothing but the Best* (1980)


title: First Baptist Church of Boca Grande

abstract: First Baptist Church of Boca Grande is a historic Southern Baptist church located at 421 4th Street West, Boca Grande, Florida in Lee County. It was established in 1909 on Gasparilla Island. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. At the beginning, the congregation met outdoors twice a month; services were conducted by circuit riding preachers. A building committee organized between 1911 and 1912. Construction was funded by a loan from Florida Southern Baptist ministries and donations from congregates. In 1915 the church styled by Carpenter Gothic architecture was completed. In 1918 expansion of the building added classrooms for Sunday school, and a rectory was built in 1934. First Baptist Church celebrated its 100th birthday in 2009.

text:
# First Baptist Church of Boca Grande

**First Baptist Church of Boca Grande** is a historic Southern Baptist church located at 421 4th Street West, Boca Grande, Florida in Lee County. It was established in 1909 on Gasparilla Island.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

At the beginning, the congregation met outdoors twice a month; services were conducted by circuit riding preachers. A building committee organized between 1911 and 1912. Construction was funded by a loan from Florida Southern Baptist ministries and donations from congregates. In 1915 the church styled by Carpenter Gothic architecture was completed. In 1918 expansion of the building added classrooms for Sunday school, and a rectory was built in 1934. First Baptist Church celebrated its 100th birthday in 2009.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| First Baptist Church of Boca Grande | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| First Baptist Church of Boca Grande | |
|  | |
| Location | Boca Grande, Florida |
| Coordinates | 26°45′03″N 82°15′46″W / 26.75083°N 82.26278°W / 26.75083; -82.26278 |
| NRHP reference No. | 09000962 |
| Added to NRHP | December 2, 2009 |


title: First Baptist Church of Camillus

abstract: The First Baptist Church of Camillus is a historic Baptist church located at 23 Genesee Street in the Village of Camillus, Onondaga County, New York. It is credited to architect Archimedes Russell and built in 1879–1880. It is a brick church building consisting of a rectangular nave with a steeply pitched gable roof, corner bell tower and steeple, and a hip roofed church hall at the rear. The Camillus Baptist Church was organized in 1804. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

text:
# First Baptist Church of Camillus

The **First Baptist Church of Camillus** is a historic Baptist church located at 23 Genesee Street in the Village of Camillus, Onondaga County, New York. It is credited to architect Archimedes Russell and built in 1879–1880. It is a brick church building consisting of a rectangular nave with a steeply pitched gable roof, corner bell tower and steeple, and a hip roofed church hall at the rear. The Camillus Baptist Church was organized in 1804.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Media related to First Baptist Church of Camillus at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| First Baptist Church of Camillus | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 23 Genesee St., Camillus, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°2′19.43″N 76°18′28.73″W / 43.0387306°N 76.3079806°W / 43.0387306; -76.3079806 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1879 (1879) |
| Architect | Archimedes Russell |
| Architectural style | Gothic |
| NRHP reference No. | 01000573 |
| Added to NRHP | June 8, 2001 |


abstract: The First Baptist Church in the City of New York is a Baptist church in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. Its current structure was built in 1890–93 at the intersection of Broadway and West 79th Street. The church is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention.

text:
# First Baptist Church in the City of New York

40°47′3″N 73°58′49″W / 40.78417°N 73.98028°W / 40.78417; -73.98028

**The First Baptist Church in the City of New York** is a Baptist church in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. Its current structure was built in 1890–93 at the intersection of Broadway and West 79th Street. The church is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention.

## History

Early attempts to form a Baptist church in Flushing, Queens were organized by William Wickenden and others in the 1650s.

In 1745, Jeremiah Dodge settled in New York City, and began holding prayer meetings in his home. He was a member of the Fishkill Baptist Church. When he learned of Benjamin Miller at nearby Scotch Plains Baptist Church in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, he asked him to come and hold preaching services at the prayer meetings, which he did. Other ministers preached to this group from time to time, and in 1753, all thirteen of them joined the Scotch Plains Baptist Church after Miller had baptized some of them. They were organized as an independent Baptist church on June 19, 1762 by Benjamin Miller and John Gano  the latter being called as Pastor  and took the name "First Baptist Church in the City of New York". Gano served as pastor until 1776 when he became Chaplain in General Washington's American Army. The congregation's first sanctuary was at 35 Gold Street in Lower Manhattan, built in 1759–60.

## Early 19th century

From 1801–02, the First Baptist Church built a new stone structure at its site on Gold Street. During the period they were located there, the congregation's "inhospitality" to African-Americans provoked the founding of the Abyssinian Baptist Church.

Under the leadership of Dr. Spencer Cone, the congregation relocated in 1842 to a Gothic revival structure at 354 Broome Street at the intersection of Elizabeth Street. This was also the headquarters of the Baptist Home and Foreign Mission Board. This sanctuary is still in use today by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Matthew.

## Sanctuary at Broadway and 79th Street

The First Baptist Church relocated to the present facility in 1890. It occupies a site that, because of a bend in the direction of Broadway, is prominent from a distance down the avenue. The building is set at an angle of 45 degrees to the street grid.

In the sanctuary, the Hebrew text is the essence of Genesis 1:1, "In the beginning, God..." The Greek text is the essence of John 1:1, "In the beginning was the Word (Jesus Christ)." In the upper right are the Greek symbols of Alpha and Omega, the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Jesus refers to Himself as the Alpha and Omega in Revelation 1:8 and 22:13. In the upper left are the Greek characters pi and chi. This may stand for Pater and Christos, Father and Christ.

**Notes**

**Bibliography**


title: First Church in Albany (Reformed)

abstract: The First Reformed Church, also known as First Church in Albany or North Dutch Church, is located at North Pearl and Orange streets in Albany, New York, United States. It is a member congregation of the Reformed Church in America. The building was designed by Philip Hooker and built in the period of 1797–1799. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was established in 1642 to serve the Dutch inhabitants of Fort Orange, the adjacent village of Beverwyck, and the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck in general. It is the second oldest congregation in the state of New York, and the oldest upstate. The current church, designed by Philip Hooker, is the fourth building and the oldest church in Albany. The pulpit was imported from the Netherlands in 1656 and is the oldest pulpit in the United States. Shortly after construction, a memorial service was held for Alexander Hamilton. Theodore Roosevelt attended services here while Governor, and Queen Wilhelmina visited the church during its 300th anniversary year. The church has been through many renovations since it was built.

text:
# First Church in Albany (Reformed)

The **First Reformed Church**, also known as **First Church in Albany** or **North Dutch Church**, is located at North Pearl (New York State Route 32) and Orange streets in Albany, New York, United States. It is a member congregation of the Reformed Church in America. The building was designed by Philip Hooker and built in the period of 1797–1799. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

It was established in 1642 to serve the Dutch inhabitants of Fort Orange, the adjacent village of Beverwyck, and the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck in general. It is the second oldest congregation in the state of New York, and the oldest upstate. The current church, designed by Philip Hooker, is the fourth building and the oldest church in Albany. The pulpit was imported from the Netherlands in 1656 and is the oldest pulpit in the United States.

Shortly after construction, a memorial service was held for Alexander Hamilton. Theodore Roosevelt attended services here while Governor, and Queen Wilhelmina visited the church during its 300th anniversary year. The church has been through many renovations since it was built.

## Building

The church is located at the southwest corner of the intersection a few blocks north of downtown Albany. The terrain slopes very gently towards the Hudson River 1,000 ft (300 m) to the east, and more sharply upwards to the southwest and northwest, reflecting the ravine that gave the nearby Sheridan Hollow neighborhood its name. Open space begins to break up the urban fabric here, in contrast to the denser development of downtown.

On its north is Clinton Square, the southern and eastern end of the Clinton Avenue Historic District, also listed on the National Register. The only contributing property to that district also listed individually on the Register, the Palace Theatre, is a block to the north, across Clinton (U.S. Route 9). To the northeast is Wallenburg Park, filling the block between North Pearl, Clinton, Broadway and Orange. Across North Pearl is a small grassy traffic island separating Orange and the onramps to Interstate 787, which runs along the river. Some high-rises, including the headquarters of the state's Department of Environmental Conservation, are located next to the freeway. On the south is the church's parking lot.

The building itself is constructed of brick laid in Flemish bond, except for the portion on the front of the main block, laid in stretcher bond. In some places the bricks are three and a half rows deep. The church is six bays wide and two stories high. The east (front) facade is topped on either side by identical three-stage towers.

All windows on that facade, on the two stories of the towers and the larger one in the center of the main block, are stained glass, trimmed with stone. The tripartite main entrance has a stone face and arcade of three round arches supported by smooth columns with Corinthian capitals. Behind them the actual entryways are recessed. At the top of the stone there is a decorative cornice with "Reformed Dutch Church 1642" carved into it.

Above the central window is another decorative cornice along the gabled roofline, corbeled by a miniature version of the arcade. At the apex of the gable is a weathervane. The roof itself is clad in copper.

The two windows in the lower section of each tower are themselves slightly recessed in a round arch laid in splayed brick. Atop the arch is a single string course of projecting brick. A simpler molded cornice sets off the beginning of the towers.

The first stage of the towers has a slightly projecting central section, topped by a pediment, on each of its two outward faces, with a large clock in the center. Above it is a metal section with two smooth Ionic columns in the corners and a round-arched louvered vent with a keystone. Broad overhanging eaves set off the next section, the base of the cupola, with a shingled face and oculus. Above another set of eaves is a small domed top with an acorn-shaped finial.

Inside the arcade motif continues. Corinthian columns support the ribbed vaulted ceilings, and a smaller arcade of five round arches with gilded tracery sets off the west wall of the chancel. To the west there is no apse, just a wing with offices, vestry and lecture rooms.

## History

After Henry Hudson explored the river that would be named after him in 1609, his employer, the Dutch government, began colonizing the valley as New Netherland. The capital, Fort Orange, its boundaries roughly corresponding to Albany's present downtown, was established as far upriver as possible in order to strengthen the Dutch claim to the area. In 1624 the Dutch East India Company appointed someone to perform informal religious services for the settlers in the vicinity of the fort.

The church itself was formally organized in 1642. A minister was called, elders and deacons were elected. Services were first held in the manor house of the local *patroon*, the Van Rensselaer family, then a converted warehouse and a log cabin. In 1656 the first dedicated church building, was built on the property of Jan Coster Van Auken adjoining his shop at what is now the steam boat landing, a stone structure was erected. It was referred to as "the blockhouse" because it doubled as a defensive structure in case of attack. The weathervane from that building graced the church's roof for many years; today it is in the church's archives, with a copy in its place.

In 1664, following the First Anglo-Dutch War, King Charles II of Great Britain had New Netherland seized. The settlement around the fort was renamed Albany. Worship continued unimpeded at the church, even as the Dutch briefly assumed control of the colony again during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. In 1686, the city was incorporated under British sovereignty as the capital of the Province of New York. Its founding document, the Dongan Charter, gave the church title to the pastures then south of the city as partial payment for a loan; the church rented the lots out to local farmers.

Three years later the church began its mission to the Mohawks, the Native American tribe in the area. It continued for almost 50 years and baptized over 300 converts. In 1715 the church built a larger, hip-roofed stone church around the blockhouse church, then dismantled the older building.

Five years later the church was formally incorporated itself, as the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the City of Albany. A half-century later, as the Revolution loomed, the church was among the founding members of the independent synod that later became today's Reformed Church in America (RCA). As the American colonies followed the church's lead and fought for their independence from Britain, the church held prayer meetings and opened its doors to serve as a hospital for troops of the Continental Army injured at the Battle of Saratoga.

In 1782, as the war was ending with American independence a certain outcome, General George Washington visited the church's consistory to personally thank them for their support. Around the same time, the church began holding its first services in English, which would totally overtake Dutch as its liturgical language within eight years. It would be part of the Classis of Albany established in 1785.

Two years later, the church began to divest itself of the pasturelands south of the city, opening them up to development. In 1789, the process of building the current church began. Philip Hooker, a local carpenter's son who had been establishing himself as an architect in the Albany area, was commissioned to design it. It took several years to get construction going on Hooker's first major work, delayed by punch list items like changing the roof cladding from shingles to copper and altering the cupola design. In 1798, a few months before the $25,000 ($449,000 in modern dollars) project was completed and opened for services, one of Albany's newspapers called it "a superb and elegant building."

Hooker's Georgian design featured graceful pediments and grouped columns. He may have based it on Charles Bulfinch's Hollis Street Church in Boston. When built it was just the main block, and a simpler front entrance. The windows were set with plain leaded glass.

The 1715 church was sold to the city and demolished in 1806. Its handcarved pulpit was preserved and reused in the new church. Five years later a second church building was completed and opened on Beaver Street, known as the South Dutch Church. In 1815 it incorporated separately as the Second Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

In 1830, the church was expanded with a new wing on the rear. Hooker, in his sixties, was consulted by John Boardman, the architect of the expansion. Included with the plans is a memorandum from him with a sketch. The expanded wing housed lecture rooms and a consistory.

The 1850s were an important decade for the church. In 1854 the last vestiges of its colonial past ended with the sale of the remaining pasturelands. Two years later a board of trustees was established to manage the church. Finally, in 1858, another renovation and expansion took place.

This renovation was more extensive and visibly changed the church. The Romanesque front was added and the windows changed to stained glass. Inside the vaulted ceiling was added, as well an enlarged organ. Central heating and new lecture rooms were also added.

At the beginning of the 20th century, in 1903, the church sent a missionary to India. She began programs there that continued for almost 50 years. A decade later the interior was redecorated following plans by Tiffany Studios. Green stained glass windows were added, along with green stenciling on the walls, new chancel woodwork and a wood-glass screen in the rear.

In 1918, the church began some changes in its governance. The elders, deacons and trustees all jointly approved its first annual budget. This paved the way for the church to merge with the Second Dutch Church 20 years later, making them a single organization again after over a century apart, now known as the First Church in Albany. To accommodate the combined congregations, the old lecture hall was replaced with a new parish house the next year.

The work did not stop there. In 1940 the interior was again redecorated. The sanctuary was repainted, a dark red oak reredos installed in the chancel, and the choir loft widened. On the outside the walls were sandblasted, the towers widened and the roof redone. Thus renewed, the church welcomed then-exiled Queen Wilhelmina for its 300th anniversary celebration in 1942. After World War II, the interior improvements continued with a new organ, a large four-manual built by Austin Organs Inc.

In the ensuing decades changes in the city, and society, led to more changes in the church. Throughout the 1960s and '70s it bought the neighboring lots to use as parking for congregants who now lived outside the city. Some was set aside for use as a small urban park. In 1973, after changes in the RCA's Book of Church Order permitted it, the first female elder and deacon were elected. The next year Clee Park was dedicated as the church marked its National Register listing, and summer drive-in worship, in which attendees remain in their cars while the minister conducts services from an outdoor pulpit, began.

Renovations have taken place since then. In 1988 the parish house would be expanded with new offices, a lobby and an elevator. With these completed, the church was able to celebrate its 350th anniversary in 1992 by hosting the RCA's General Synod.

## Programs and services

The church holds an hour-long service every Sunday morning, followed by an hour of coffee and conversation. In the summertime a drive-in service is held, and afterwards there is a "lemonade lull."

Every Monday and Wednesday the church operates a food pantry. Food and other grocery items made available to those in need are donated at services by members of the congregation. It is supplemented by special programs for children around the end-of-year holidays. Congregants also take part in the annual CROP walk for world hunger.

For our children ages 9 - 12, the church offers the 9Up Ministry. Children come together while their families are in worship 3 out of 4 Sundays to work on liturgical art projects. They learn the seasons of the church, the importance of art in worship, and their responsibilities as members of a church congregation.

Some support organizations use church facilities. Alcoholics Anonymous meets in the church parlor once a week.

The church supports some international efforts with special collections at Christmas and Easter. Along with other RCA churches, First Church supports Global Mission (RCA) who have partners world-wide providing ministry to people in need, relief in disaster areas, and community partnership with indigenous peoples.

## Notable members

## InfoBox

| First Church in Albany | |
| --- | --- |
| First Church in Albany in 2010 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Reformed Church in America |
| Leadership | Rev. Dr. Mashona Walston |
| Location | |
| Location | Albany, New York, U.S. |
| Geographic coordinates | 42°39′13″N 73°45′2″W / 42.65361°N 73.75056°W / 42.65361; -73.75056 |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Philip Hooker |
| Groundbreaking | 1789 |
| Completed | 1797-1799 |
| Specifications | |
| Direction of façade | East |
| Length | 116 feet (35 m) |
| Width | 70 feet (21 m) |
| Spire(s) | 2 |
| Materials | Brick, stone |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Added to NRHP | January 21, 1974 |
| NRHP Reference no. | 74001214 |
| Website | |
| The First Church in Albany | |


title: First Church, Sandwich Massachusetts

abstract: First Church UCC is a Congregational church in Sandwich, Massachusetts founded in 1638 under Plymouth Colony Charter and the Mayflower Compact. It is either the oldest church on Cape Cod or the second oldest depending on the interpretation. First Church boasts Mayflower Pilgrims and their first-generation descendants as charter members. By Plymouth Colony Charter, a church was required as an official part of the governance of any newly founded township, and First Church was founded as the official church within the town of Sandwich. First Church is now a congregation of the United Church of Christ, a large theologically and socially liberal denomination. The church is open and affirming – an appellation signifying both openness to and active affirmation of all persons regardless of status. First Church is well known to tourists because of the inclusion of its current steeple on the cover of Elvis Presley's How Great Thou Art gospel album.

text:
# First Church, Sandwich Massachusetts

**First Church UCC** (or "First Church," or "First Church Sandwich," or "First Church of Christ") is a Congregational church in Sandwich, Massachusetts founded in 1638 under Plymouth Colony Charter and the Mayflower Compact. It is either the oldest church on Cape Cod or the second oldest depending on the interpretation. First Church boasts Mayflower Pilgrims and their first-generation descendants as charter members. By Plymouth Colony Charter, a church was required as an official part of the governance of any newly founded township, and First Church was founded as the official church within the town of Sandwich. First Church is now a congregation of the United Church of Christ, a large theologically and socially liberal denomination. The church is open and affirming – an appellation signifying both openness to and active affirmation of all persons regardless of status (and including LGBTQI persons). First Church is well known to tourists because of the inclusion of its current steeple on the cover of Elvis Presley's *How Great Thou Art* gospel album.

## Age controversy

Because it was established in England and then moved as an existing congregation to the colonies, West Parish UCC in West Barnstable, MA is twenty-three years older than First Church. By oral tradition, this move was a few months after the founding of First Church. Therefore West Parish, unlike First Church, was not originally established under a Plymouth Colony charter and may not have been an "American" church until after the founding of First Church.

## Theological distinctness

### Anteoriginalism

First Church believes that it has had unbroken democratic Congregational polity since its founding, and is, therefore, one of the very few oldest surviving Western democratic institutions in the world. An influential minority of the church membership believes that the United States model of democracy, particularly the roles, structures, and substructures of the Legislative branch of government, and its interaction with the Executive branch, are derived directly from the democratic Congregational church polity of the early Puritans rather than the Ancient Greek and Roman sources cited later by the Founding Fathers. This motivates an *Anteoriginalist* theological justification for liberal social action since First Church can claim to be an American democratic institution unstained by the sins of Native American Genocide and American Black Slavery. The historical validity of this belief is difficult to verify, but First Church does predate the Declaration of Independence by 137 years, and Jeffersonian Democracy by at least 150 years.

### Liberal Christian theology

First Church is a theologically liberal and inclusive Christian Church that bases its teachings primarily on the Christian Bible, but the congregation considers all faiths that validate social justice, love, kindness, and interpersonal and intercommunity reconciliation to be valid expressions of an eternal, soteriologically potent, and pure spirituality.

The existence of an ungendered Godhead is mostly agreed upon by the church membership. Although many of the church members do not refer to God using feminine or neuter pronouns, this may be based on a desire to use familiar and traditional forms of address for the Divine, rather than a commitment to a gendered Godhead. Optional gendered and ungendered texts for responsive readings and sung liturgical components are often included in the church service bulletins.

In defense of the church's feminist activism and Open and Affirming stance on LGBTQI issues, narrowly heterosexual, cisgendered, and androcentric readings of the bible are generally dealt with in one of three main ways:

1. They are considered biased readings and therefore aberrant.
2. The relevant passages are artifacts of their *sitzimleben*, or social milieu.
3. The teachings are present in the scriptures, but are considered relatively unimportant in regards to the message of the scripture as a whole.

Because of the extreme diversity of views held by members of First Church, there is no consensus on any of these three interpretive approaches, but there is consensus that at least one of the three must be correct, and the church, therefore, acts upon that consensus.

### Theological diversity

First Church has historically espoused a number of doctrines, and the membership currently maintains a flexibility with doctrines that have been historically divisive within and among Christian churches, Members with opposing views typically coexist without argument. Some examples of this diversity currently exhibited by First Church membership include:

## Church polity

First Church was founded as the seat of government for the town of Sandwich, MA.

> In the colonies of Massachusetts only "freemen" who also owned land were allowed to vote. But the word "freeman" had a special meaning. It meant a man in good standing with the membership of the local Puritan (Congregational) Church. A young man or a new settler had to prove his interest and support of the town and the church first. Only then was he accepted by the others as a "freeman." So the church controlled the government, as well as the religion, in the early days of Sandwich.

The church is governed by the laity through a Church Council and committee system analogous to the legislative branch of the US Government, with staff acting as the executive branch... but ideally without the rancor associated with national politics. There is often rancor in practice. Lack of rancor, mutual prayerful support, and unity of vision between staff and committees are all repeatedly affirmed in the church by-laws.

## Facility

The Church's current facility was initially constructed in 1848 and was designed by Isaac Melvin of Cambridgeport. It is known locally as the "Christopher Wren" church due to the fact that its architecture is inspired by the work of Christopher Wren such as St. James Piccadilly. The spire atop the bell tower was included in the cover art for Elvis Presley's 1967 *How Great Thou Art* gospel album, and the church has been a pilgrimage site for devoted Elvis fans since. The spire is also known throughout the area as a daylight navigation aid to shipping and recreational boating in Cape Cod Bay, as well as to surface traffic throughout town since the spire has line-of-sight to the surface for many miles.

Due to the church spire's large line-of-sight area, Verizon Wireless has contracted with First Church to install a cellular antenna within the spire without altering the historical appearance of the building. Construction on the new antenna is set to begin in late 2016 or early 2017.

## 1847 E. & G.G. Hook Organ

First Church's 1847 G compass parlor-type organ was installed in 1861. It sits in the choir loft at the rear of the sanctuary, with the organist's position facing away from the sanctuary.

An electric blower in the basement of the church replaced the *calcant* powered foot bellows in the 1960s. Originally, a child, or "urchin" acted as the *calcant* and powered the organ from within the case. Several current church members remember serving in this capacity as children.

The organ has two manuals, 15 stops, and a "toothpick" style pedal-board.

## Artifacts

### Captain Peter Adolph Bell

Cast in 1675, the Captain Peter Adolph Bell is believed by some authorities to be the oldest Church Bell in the United States.

> On the 16th day of March 1702/3 a vessel was shipwrecked off the Sandwich coast. Captain Peter Adolph of New York and all his crew were drowned. Their bodies were taken from the shore and a funeral service was held in the First Parish Church of Sandwich. Burial was made in the Old Burial Ground on Grove Street. Out of gratitude to the men of Sandwich who found her husband's body cast ashore from the wreck and gave it a burial in this cemetery, Captain Adolph's widow gave this bell to the church, where it hung for sixty years and rang out its summons on appointed occasions.

The bell, given in gratitude for the services of the men of Sandwich, First Church, and Pastor Roland Cotton, bears the Latin inscription from Romans 8:31 "*SI DEVS PRONOBVS QVIS CONTRA NOS* \- 1675," meaning, "If God is for us, who can be against us?"

First Church began using a larger bell in 1763, and the Captain Peter Adolph bell was sold to the County Courthouse. The bell survived the complete destruction of the Courthouse by fire on August 22, 1826, and was then reinstalled at the new Court House in 1833. The bell was taken out of service after drunken celebrants damaged its bottom edge with a blacksmith's hammer on July 4, 1872.

The bell is now on display in First Church's narthex.

### Moody Russell Communion Service

This pair of silver beakers is currently in the Sylmaris Collection of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

> Small-sized beakers with flared lips and applied moldings feature frequently in the communion vessels owned by early New England churches. In the absence of a priest to administer the sacrament, congregants could easily pass these small cylindrical cups among themselves during the communion service...\[These beakers\] remained the property of the First Parish Church of Sandwich, Massachusetts, for nearly two hundred years, and the name of their donor and date of his gift are clearly inscribed. Shearjashub Bourne (1643–1718/19), whose cash bequest to the church is commemorated in the engraved inscription, was the son of English immigrant Richard Bourne and his wife, Bathsheba Nee Hallett. Shearjashub, a missionary, purchased land for the Marshpee Indians and lived with them in the territory that he procured...

## InfoBox

| First Church, Sandwich Massachusetts | |
| --- | --- |
| First Church of Christ, Sandwich MA | |
| First Church's Current Facility, est. 1848 | |
|  | |
| 41°45′28″N 70°29′58″W / 41.75777°N 70.49954°W / 41.75777; -70.49954 | |
| Location | Sandwich, Massachusetts |
| Country | USA |
| Denomination | United Church of Christ |
| Membership | 411 (2015) |
| Website | firstchurchsandwich.org |
| History | |
| Status | Active |
| Founded | 1638 |
| Relics held | Captain Peter Adolph bell (1675)<br>1847 E. & G.G. Hook Organ (1847) |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Part of Town Hall Square Historic District |
| Designated | 1975 |
| Architect(s) | Isaac Melvin |
| Specifications | |
| Bells | 1 |
| Clergy | |
| Pastor(s) | Rev. Tina Walker-Morin |
| Laity | |
| Organist(s) | Kathy Gernhardt |


title: Lily Mithen

abstract: Lily Mithen is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the AFL Women's competition. She was drafted by Melbourne with their tenth selection and seventy-third overall in the 2016 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut in the fifteen point loss to Brisbane at Casey Fields in the opening round of the 2017 season. After the nineteen point win against Collingwood at Ikon Park in round two—in which she recorded fourteen disposals, three marks and two tackles—she was the round nominee for the AFLW Rising Star. She played every match in her debut season to finish with seven games. She also won Geelong's 2017 best and fairest award in the club's VFL Women's team. Melbourne signed Mithen for the 2018 season during the trade period in May 2017. Mithen's grandfather's cousin is Laurie Mithen – a Melbourne great, who played in five premierships and was named in the club's team of the century. Her father is former Nine Network journalist Anthony Mithen.

text:
# Lily Mithen

**Lily Mithen** (born 2 March 1998) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the AFL Women's competition. She was drafted by Melbourne with their tenth selection and seventy-third overall in the 2016 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut in the fifteen point loss to Brisbane at Casey Fields in the opening round of the 2017 season. After the nineteen point win against Collingwood at Ikon Park in round two—in which she recorded fourteen disposals, three marks and two tackles—she was the round nominee for the AFLW Rising Star. She played every match in her debut season to finish with seven games. She also won Geelong's 2017 best and fairest award in the club's VFL Women's team.

Melbourne signed Mithen for the 2018 season during the trade period in May 2017.

Mithen's grandfather's cousin is Laurie Mithen – a Melbourne great, who played in five premierships and was named in the club's team of the century. Her father is former Nine Network journalist Anthony Mithen.

## Honours

* **Geelong Junior Football**

**Best & Fairest (Youth Girls)**: 2014 (tied) **Premiers (Youth Girls)**: Newtown & Chilwell 2014, 2015 * **Geelong (VFL Women's)**

**Best & Fairest** : 2017 * **Melbourne (AFL Women's)**

**Premiers**: S7 (2022)

## InfoBox

| Lily Mithen | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mithen playing for Casey Demons in July 2019 | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1998-03-02) 2 March 1998 | | |
| Original team(s) | North Geelong Football Club (GDFL) | | |
| Draft | No. 73, 2016 AFL Women's draft | | |
| Debut | Round 1, 2017, Melbourne vs. Brisbane, at Casey Fields | | |
| Height | 159 cm (5 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Melbourne | | |
| Number | 14 | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2017– | Melbourne | 71 (8) |
| Representative team honours | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2017 | Victoria | 1 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of the 2023 season.2 State and international statistics correct as of the 2018 season. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Source: AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Maxwell Finland Award

abstract: The Maxwell Finland Award for Scientific Achievement is an award given annually by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases to a scientist who has made "outstanding contributions to the understanding of infectious diseases or public health," based on criteria that include "excellence in clinical and/or research activities; participation in the training of future leaders in the field; and positive impact on the health of humankind." The award is named after epidemiologist Maxwell Finland, who investigated antimicrobial resistance. The first award was given in 1988.

text:
# Maxwell Finland Award

The **Maxwell Finland Award for Scientific Achievement** is an award given annually by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases to a scientist who has made "outstanding contributions to the understanding of infectious diseases or public health," based on criteria that include "excellence in clinical and/or research activities; participation in the training of future leaders in the field; and positive impact on the health of humankind." The award is named after epidemiologist Maxwell Finland, who investigated antimicrobial resistance. The first award was given in 1988.

## Past winners

## InfoBox

| Maxwell Finland Award for Scientific Achievement | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | "outstanding contributions to the understanding of infectious diseases and public health" |
| Sponsored by | National Foundation for Infectious Diseases |
| First awarded | 1988 |
| Last awarded | 2021 |
| Currently held by | William A. Petri |
| Website | awards.nfid.org/maxwell-finland-award-for-scientific-achievement/ |


title: Triepeolus remigatus

abstract: Triepeolus remigatus is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.

text:
# Triepeolus remigatus

***Triepeolus remigatus*** is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Triepeolus remigatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Genus: | *Triepeolus* |
| Species: | ***T. remigatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triepeolus remigatus***<br>(Fabricius, 1804) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Triepeolus superbus*  (Provancher, 1895) * *Triepeolus texanus nigripes*  (Cockerell, 1898) | |


title: Joannes Burmeister

abstract: Joannes Burmeister (1576–1638) was a Neo-Latin poet laureate of the German Baroque period, famed for his Christian adaptations of the classical Roman poets Martial and Plautus.

text:
# Joannes Burmeister

**Joannes Burmeister** (1576–1638) was a Neo-Latin poet laureate of the German Baroque period, famed for his Christian adaptations of the classical Roman poets Martial and Plautus.

## Life

He was born in Lüneburg and was related to the musical theorist Joachim Burmeister. After studying theology at Rostock University, in July 1600 he was crowned an Imperial Poet Laureate of the Holy Roman Empire. He spent the next 25 years as pastor of the village of Gülzow. During that time he composed nearly all his works, some of which enjoyed the patronage of the Estorff family. In 1635 he became Provost of Uelzen, where three years later he died and was buried.

## Major works

1. *Martialis Renati. Parodiarum Sacrarum M. Val. Martialis Epigrammata* (Goslar and Lueneburg: Hans Stern and Johann Vogt, 1612). 3 volumes.
2. *Saturnaliorum Christianorum Libri septem* (Goslar, Johann Vogt, 1619).
3. *M. A. Plauti Renati sive Sacri Mater-Virgo, comoedia prima ex Amphitruone ad Admirandum Conceptionis et Incarnationis Filii Dei Misterium inversa* (Lüneburg, Andreas Michaelis, 1621).
4. *M. A. Plauti renati sive sacri Aulularia, comoedia tertia ex fabula ethnica ad biblicam de Achanis furto historiam inversa* (Hamburg, Joannes Mose, 1629).


title: Mongolia at the 2004 Summer Paralympics

abstract: Mongolia competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens. The country was represented by three athletes competing in two sports, and did not win any medals.

text:
# Mongolia at the 2004 Summer Paralympics

**Mongolia** competed at the **2004 Summer Paralympics** in Athens. The country was represented by three athletes competing in two sports, and did not win any medals.

## Competitors

### Archery

#### Men

| Athlete | Event | Ranking round | | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Finals | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Seed | Opposition
score | Opposition
score | Opposition
score | Opposition
score | Opposition
score | Rank |
| Dambadondogiin Baatarjav | Men's individual standing | 604 | 9 | Bye | R Olejnik (POL)
**W** 153-143 | Zhu W (CHN)
**L** 93-97 | did not advance | | |

### Athletics

#### Men's track

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | | Semifinal | | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Jambal Lkhagvajav | T11 | Marathon |  | | | | 3:03:03 | 6 |

#### Women's track

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Dashzevg Sanduidemchig | T11 | 200m | 34.82 | 10 | did not advance | | | |
| | T12 | 400m | 1:17.20 | 8 | did not advance | | | |

## InfoBox

| Mongolia at the
2004 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IPC code | MGL |
| NPC | Mongolian Paralympic Committee |
| in Athens | |
| Competitors | 3 in 2 sports |
| Flag bearer | Jambal Lkhagvajav |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Turbonilla verecunda

abstract: Turbonilla verecunda is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Turbonilla verecunda

***Turbonilla verecunda*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## InfoBox

| *Turbonilla verecunda* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Turbonilla* |
| Species: | ***T. verecunda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbonilla verecunda***<br>(Laws, 1937) | |
|


title: Hard Rock Treasures

abstract: Hard Rock Treasures is a documentary film about Don "The Indiana Jones of Rock 'n' Roll" Bernstine from Hard Rock Cafe, when he visits musicians to try to get memorabilia from them. Some of the memorabilia he gets includes Freddie Mercury's stage pants, the Gibson guitar Tony Iommi used on the first four Black Sabbath albums, the car James Hetfield drives in the video for Metallica's song "I Disappear", Slipknot's stage masks, the bass guitar Michael Anthony used on the recording of Van Halen's 1984 album and a drum Ian Paice used on the recording for Deep Purple's Perfect Strangers album. The scenes with Dimebag Darrell at his home was shot just months before he was murdered on stage, playing with Damageplan.

text:
# Hard Rock Treasures

***Hard Rock Treasures*** is a documentary film about Don "The Indiana Jones of Rock 'n' Roll" Bernstine from Hard Rock Cafe, when he visits musicians to try to get memorabilia from them.

Some of the memorabilia he gets includes Freddie Mercury's stage pants, the Gibson guitar Tony Iommi used on the first four Black Sabbath albums, the car James Hetfield drives in the video for Metallica's song "I Disappear", Slipknot's stage masks, the bass guitar Michael Anthony used on the recording of Van Halen's *1984* album and a drum Ian Paice used on the recording for Deep Purple's *Perfect Strangers* album.

The scenes with Dimebag Darrell at his home was shot just months before he was murdered on stage, playing with Damageplan.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

## Reception

P. Hall of *Video Librarian* praised the film, giving it 3.5 stars out of four and writing, "While music lovers will enjoy the surplus of star power, the most fascinating aspect of this film is the rare glimpse afforded viewers into the guts of the Hard Rock operations, from the storage center for all of the memorabilia to the planning of which items are displayed in the company's various cafes, hotels, and casinos. Highly recommended." In a positive review, Andy Cooper gave the film 4.5 stars out of five and wrote in *Regina Leader-Post*, "I don't care if this is 90 minutes of free advertising for the Hard Rock Cafe -- it's still a great little documentary about rock- and-roll royalty. From Elvis and the Beatles to Slayer and Madonna, this is the inside scoop on how Hard Rock gets the treasures that adorn the walls of its 138 restaurants."

In *News From Indian Country*, Sandra Hale Schulman called the documentary "an entertaining and informative account about the music artifacts acquisition process" and said it was "an intimate, behind-the-scenes look at rock 'n' roll royalty and their most prized possessions". Giving the film three stars out of four, *Winston-Salem Journal*'s Ed Bumgardner, praised the film, stating, "the disc is an extended, undeniable advertisement for the international Hard Rock chain – but it's also a good one that wields appeal for casual fans and panting rock gearheads and geeks interested in rock's ephemera".

## InfoBox

| Hard Rock Treasures | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Martin Melhuish |
| Starring | Don Bernstine
Jeff Beck
Dimebag Darrell
James Hetfield
and Tony Iommi |
| Music by | Alan Silvestri |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date | * August 8, 2005 (2005-08-08) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: JB Magsaysay

abstract: Joseph Benedict Aquino Magsaysay, also known as JB Magsaysay, is a Filipino actor, a politician, a businessman and was one of the 13 housemates of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother, Season 1. He was the second evicted housemate on his 35th day in Pinoy Big Brother's house. Magsaysay was born in San Juan, La Union; he is a grand nephew of former Philippine president Ramon Magsaysay, and also the first cousin of the late Ram Revilla. He graduated with a college degree at the Philippine School of Business Administration in Quezon City. He entered politics for his hometown on May 14, 2007 local elections but he lost.

text:
# JB Magsaysay

**Joseph Benedict Aquino Magsaysay**, also known as **JB Magsaysay** (born July 6, 1980), is a Filipino actor, a politician, a businessman and was one of the 13 housemates of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother, Season 1. He was the second evicted housemate on his 35th day in Pinoy Big Brother's house.

Magsaysay was born in San Juan, La Union; he is a grand nephew of former Philippine president Ramon Magsaysay, and also the first cousin of the late Ram Revilla. He graduated with a college degree at the Philippine School of Business Administration in Quezon City. He entered politics for his hometown on May 14, 2007 local elections but he lost.

## Career

After his second eviction from Big Brother house. JB was first TV guesting on ABS-CBN programs *Nginiig*, *Ok Fine Whatever*, *Private Conversation with Boy Abunda*, *Y Speak*, *Star Magic Presents* and others.

His cameo role as an antagonist in an action-packed TV series *Palos* with Cesar Montano and Jake Cuenca.

Then his first movie co-starrer with Bong Revilla Jr. in an action-adventure movie of the Metro Manila Film Festival 2009 *Ang Panday*.

## Filmography

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Ang Darling Aswang* | Pinoy Dracula | TV5 |
| 2009 | *Lipgloss* | Joel | |
| | *Maynila* | Mark | GMA-7 |
| 2008 | *Palos* | Dr. Samuel Chan | ABS-CBN |
| 2006 | *Star Magic Presents: Miss... Mistress* | Governor | |
| | *Your Song Presents: Can't Let You Go* | Jason | |
| | *Komiks: Inday bote* | Various | |
| 2005 | | *Nginiig* | |
| | *Pinoy Big Brother* | Himself / Housemate | |
| 2001 | *Subic Bay* | Houseboy | IBC |

### Movies

| Year | Title | Role | Movie Studios |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Ang Panday* | Benito | GMA Films and Imus Productions Inc. |

## InfoBox

| JB Magsaysay | |
| --- | --- |
| JB Magsaysay in 2020 | |
| Born | Joseph Benedict Aquino-Magsaysay
(1980-07-06) July 6, 1980
San Juan, La Union, Philippines |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, politician, and businessman |
| Years active | 2001; 2005–2010 |
| Spouse | Maria Paz "Maripaz" Ortega |
| Relatives | Coleen Garcia (stepdaughter) |


title: Lowdown Popcorn

abstract: "Lowdown Popcorn" is a funk instrumental recorded by James Brown. It was the third hit single Brown recorded in 1969 that was inspired by the popular dance the Popcorn, preceded by the instrumental "The Popcorn" and the song "Mother Popcorn". It charted #16 R&B and #41 Pop. The original studio recording of "Lowdown Popcorn" was included on Brown's 1970 album Sex Machine with added reverb and overdubbed crowd noise to simulate a live performance.

text:
# Lowdown Popcorn

"**Lowdown Popcorn**" is a funk instrumental recorded by James Brown. It was the third hit single Brown recorded in 1969 that was inspired by the popular dance the Popcorn, preceded by the instrumental "The Popcorn" and the song "Mother Popcorn". It charted #16 R&B and #41 Pop.

The original studio recording of "Lowdown Popcorn" was included on Brown's 1970 album *Sex Machine* with added reverb and overdubbed crowd noise to simulate a live performance.

## InfoBox

| "Lowdown Popcorn" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by James Brown | |
| from the album  *Sex Machine* | |
| B-side | "Top of the Stack" |
| Released | 1969 (1969) |
| Recorded | 1969, Miami, FL |
| Genre | Funk |
| Length | 2:47 |
| Label | King
6250 |
| Songwriter(s) | James Brown |
| Producer(s) | James Brown |
| James Brown charting singles chronology | |
| "Mother Popcorn (You Got to Have a Mother for Me) Part 1"
(1969) "**Lowdown Popcorn**"
(1969) "World (Part 1)"
(1969) | |
|  | |
| Audio video | |
| "Lowdown Popcorn" on YouTube | |
|  | |