title: Great Falls (Potomac River)

abstract: Great Falls is a series of rapids and waterfalls on the Potomac River, 14 miles (23 km) upstream from Washington, D.C., on the border of Montgomery County, Maryland and Fairfax County, Virginia. The Potomac and the falls themselves are legally entirely within Maryland, since the state's border follows the south bank of the river. Great Falls Park, managed as part of George Washington Memorial Parkway, is on the southern banks in Virginia, and Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park parkland is along the northern banks of the river in Maryland. Both are operated by the National Park Service. The Great Falls area is popular for outdoor activities such as kayaking, whitewater rafting, rock climbing, and hiking. The Billy Goat Trail on Bear Island, and Olmsted Island, both accessible from Maryland, offer scenic views of the Great Falls. There also are overlook points on the Virginia side. Great Falls and Little Falls are named in contradistinction to one another.

text:
# Great Falls (Potomac River)

**Great Falls** is a series of rapids and waterfalls on the Potomac River, 14 miles (23 km) upstream from Washington, D.C., on the border of Montgomery County, Maryland and Fairfax County, Virginia. The Potomac and the falls themselves are legally entirely within Maryland, since the state's border follows the south bank of the river.

Great Falls Park, managed as part of George Washington Memorial Parkway, is on the southern banks in Virginia, and Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park parkland is along the northern banks of the river in Maryland. Both are operated by the National Park Service.

The Great Falls area is popular for outdoor activities such as kayaking, whitewater rafting, rock climbing, and hiking. The Billy Goat Trail on Bear Island, and Olmsted Island, both accessible from Maryland, offer scenic views of the Great Falls. There also are overlook points on the Virginia side.

Great Falls and Little Falls (about 5 miles downstream) are named in contradistinction to one another.

## History

The rocks of the falls are about 750 million years old, dating to the late Precambrian era. The rocks are a resistant metamorphized schist, gneisses, metagraywackes, and metaconglomerates. The Falls themselves formed during the Last Glacial Period, about 35,000 years ago, when sea level most recently dropped, causing the Potomac to downcut its valley.

The river cascades over a series of 20-foot (6.1 m) falls, dropping a total of 76 feet (23 m) in elevation over a distance of less than 1 mile (1.6 km).

As sea level rises again, the power of the falls will be reduced due to a shorter vertical drop and likewise downcutting will slow down. Should the ocean level exceed the height of the falls, downcutting would reverse entirely and silt would fill in the now-underwater falls.

The Potomac narrows as it passes over the falls and through Mather Gorge. Heavy rain or snow in the watershed upstream causes white-water floods which entirely submerge the rocks and even threaten the adjacent park visitor center (built on stilts for this reason). A pillar at the Virginia overlook, well above the river, marks the level reached during the 1936 Northeastern United States Floods.

## Canals

Multiple canal systems were built around Great Falls. The remains of the Patowmack Canal, built in the 18th century, can be found on the Virginia side. The canal was commissioned by George Washington and consisted of a system of five locks to allow barges to avoid the falls. Later on, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was built in the early 19th century on the Maryland side of the falls. It ultimately connected the Potomac tidewater with Cumberland, Maryland. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal also used the Great Falls as a feeder (now abandoned) to supply water for its own use.

## InfoBox

| Great Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| The Great Falls as seen from Northern Virginia | |
|  | |
| Location | Montgomery County, Maryland and Fairfax County, Virginia, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 38°59′51″N 77°15′09″W / 38.99750°N 77.25250°W / 38.99750; -77.25250 |
| Type | Steep Tiered Cascades |
| Elevation | 129 ft (39 m) |
| Total height | 47 ft (14 m) |
| Average width | 350 ft (110 m) |
| Run | 550 ft (170 m) |
| Watercourse | Potomac River |
| Average
flow rate | 16,750 cu ft/s (474 m3/s) (est.) |


title: Forged in Blood

abstract: Forged in Blood is a science-fiction anthology edited by Michael Z. Williamson and published in September 2017 by Baen Books. The book consists of 16 short stories tracing the story of a single sword. The first story takes place in feudal Japan and the book continues in chronological order into the future of Williamson's Freehold universe. Five of the stories are wholly or partly by Williamson and the rest by other authors, including Larry Correia, Tony Daniel and Tom Kratman.

text:
# Forged in Blood

***Forged in Blood*** is a science-fiction anthology edited by Michael Z. Williamson and published in September 2017 by Baen Books. The book consists of 16 short stories tracing the story of a single sword. The first story takes place in feudal Japan and the book continues in chronological order into the future of Williamson's *Freehold* universe. Five of the stories are wholly or partly by Williamson and the rest by other authors, including Larry Correia, Tony Daniel and Tom Kratman.

## Reception

Voters in the *Preditors and Editors Readers’ Poll* named the book the year's best anthology.

Mark Lardas of the *Galveston Daily News* praised the authors for creating a coherent anthology while attempting "something original \[by\] telling a story through an object." He described the result as an "engaging book" that "\[f\]ans of combat science fiction will find ... irresistible.

The science fiction review magazine *Tangent* described the work as a celebration of "soldiers and their tools" that is satisfying to those for whom that premise appeals. The review also noted that the "entire anthology consists of stories in which individuals solve problems with violence (or its threat) in a world in which sweet-talking is inadequate to the present threat".

The story "Thicker than Blood" by Kacey Ezell was selected for inclusion in the anthology *The Year's Best Military and Adventure SF, Volume 4*, published in June 2018. The story went on to win the *Year’s Best Military and Adventure SF Readers’ Choice Award* announced at Dragoncon on September 1, 2018.

## Contents

The stories are linked as they trace the history of a single sword, from its forging in Japan in the third century BC through to Williamson's Freehold of Grainne in the 24th century, with each episode related from the sword's perspective and with it as the main character.

The first two stories are set in feudal Japan while the third is set in 1904 at the Battle of Port Arthur. The last nine stories are set in the future.

* "The Tachi" by Zachary Hill
* "Musings of a Hermit" by Larry Correia
* "Stronger than Steel" by Michael Massa
* "He Who Lives Wins" by John F. Holmes
* "Souvenirs" by Rob Reed
* "Broken Spirit" by Michael Z. Williamson and Dale C. Flowers
* "Okoyyūki" by Tom Kratman
* "The Day the Tide Rolled In" by Michael Z. Williamson and Leo Champion
* "Ripper" by Peter Grant
* "Case Hardened" by Christopher L. Smith
* "Magnum Opus" by Jason Cordova
* "Lovers" by Tony Daniel
* "The Reluctant Heroine" by Michael Z. Williamson
* "The Thin Green Line" by Michael Z. Williamson
* "Family Over Blood" by Kacey Ezell
* "Choices and Consequences by Michael Z. Williamson


title: Explorer 39

abstract: Explorer 39, also known as AD-C, was a NASA scientific satellite belonging to series Air Density. It was launched on 8 August 1968, join with Explorer 40, from Launch Complex 5 of the Vandenberg Air Force Base, through a Scout launch vehicle.

text:
# Explorer 39

**Explorer 39**, also known as **AD-C** (Air Density experiment-C), was a NASA scientific satellite belonging to series **Air Density**. It was launched on 8 August 1968, join with Explorer 40, from Launch Complex 5 of the Vandenberg Air Force Base, through a Scout launch vehicle.

## Spacecraft

Explorer 39 was an inflatable sphere, 3.6 m (12 ft) in diameter. It was orbited to make atmospheric density determinations. The satellite was successfully launched into a nearly polar, highly elliptical orbit. It was folded and carried into orbit, together with ejection and inflation equipment, as part of the payload of Explorer 40. Two density experiments were performed.

## Launch

Explorer 39 orbited the Earth once every 118.20 minutes, at an inclination of 80.60°. Its perigee was 670 km (420 mi) and apogee was 2,538 km (1,577 mi).

## Mission

One involved the study of systematic density variation, and the other was concerned with nonsystematic density changes. The upper atmospheric densities were derived from sequential observations of the sphere by use of an attached 136.620-MHz radio tracking beacon and by optical tracking. The radio beacon ceased transmitting in June 1971. Since that time it has been necessary to rely solely on the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) Baker-Nunn camera network for tracking.

## Experiments

### Nonsystematic Changes of Air Density

This experiment was designed to determine nonsystematic upper atmospheric density changes. The data are derived from studies of the drag on a 3.6 m (12 ft) in diameter low-density sphere caused by short-term differences in solar activity. Density values near perigee were deduced from sequential observations of the spacecraft position using optical (Baker-Nunn camera network) and radio and/or radar tracking techniques. This experiment has determined reasonable density values, and it is capable of yielding long-term atmospheric density values, as Explorer 39 has an expected orbital lifetime of 50 years.

### Systematic Changes of Air Density

This experiment was designed to determine systematic changes of air density as a function of altitude, latitude, and time of day, by measuring the drag on a 3.6 m (12 ft) in diameter low-density sphere with ground tracking.

## Decay

Explorer 39 reentered the atmosphere on 22 June 1981.

## InfoBox

Explorer 39
| Explorer 39 satellite | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | AD-C
Air Density experiment-C |
|  | |
| Mission type | Air density |
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1968-066A |
| SATCAT no. | 03337 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Explorer XXXIX |
| Spacecraft type | Explorer |
| Bus | AD |
| Manufacturer | Langley Research Center |
| Launch mass | 9.4 kg (21 lb) |
| Dimensions | 3.6 m (12 ft) diameter |
| Power | Solar cells and
rechargeable batteries |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 8 August 1968, 20:12:00 GMT |
| Rocket | Scout B (S-165C) |
| Launch site | Vandenberg, SLC-5 |
| Contractor | Vought |
| Entered service | 8 August 1968 |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | June 1971 |
| Decay date | 22 June 1981 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 670 km (420 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 2,538 km (1,577 mi) |
| Inclination | 80.60° |
| Period | 118.20 minutes |
|  | |
| Instruments | |
| Nonsystematic Changes of Air Density
Systematic Changes of Air Density | |
| **Explorer program** | |


title: Taxation in Luxembourg

abstract: Tax revenue in Luxembourg was 38.65% of GDP in 2017, which is just above the average OECD in 2017.

text:
# Taxation in Luxembourg

Tax revenue in Luxembourg (officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) was 38.65% of GDP in 2017, which is just above the average OECD in 2017 (34.19% of GDP).

## Most important revenue sources for the government

The most important revenue sources for the government are:

* Corporate income tax
* Local business tax
* Net wealth tax
* Personal income tax
* Value added tax

Taxes are administrated by government agencies. The Minister of Finance levies the taxes through the director of Taxation, the revenue offices, and the tax collection offices.

## Corporate Income Tax (CIT)

There are two possibilities: either the company is a resident or non-resident.

Resident companies: Luxembourg considers a company to be resident if its management headquarter is in the Grand Duchy. Luxembourg resident companies have to pay taxes on their worldwide income once foreign taxes (where the company is present and earns an income) are deducted.

Non-resident companies: Luxembourg considers a company to be non-resident if its principle place of management is located outside the country.

The only companies that are tax-free are:

* Companies with charitable purposes or which work for the general interest
* Private-wealth management companies
* Undertakings for collective investment

| Taxable Income | Corporate income tax rate |
| --- | --- |
| \< € 25,000 | 15% |
| € 25,001 - € 30,000 | € 3,750 + 33% of the tax base above € 25,000 |
| \> € 30,000 | 18% |

In addition to this, there is a solidarity surtax and a municipality business tax on income.

### Solidarity surtax

There is a 7% solidarity surtax amount that is imposed on the corporate income tax. For instance, for companies with a taxable income that exceeds € 30,000, the aggregate corporate income tax rate is 19.26% (18% + 7% × 18%).

### Municipal business tax on income

This tax is levied by the municipality and varies within each municipality. For the companies that have their management headquartered in Luxembourg City, the municipal business tax is about 6.75%.

For instance, for the companies that have a taxable income that exceeds € 30,000, the effective combined corporate income tax rate is 26.01% (19.26% + 6.75%).

### Other taxes on business

There are additional taxes on business than the corporate income taxes. For example, there is value added tax (VAT), implemented under the framework provided by the VAT Directive (2006/112/EC), with a general rate of 17% (with reduced rates of 14%, 8%, or 3%).

There is also the net wealth tax (IF) which depends on the assets held:

| Assets (EUR) | Net wealth tax |
| --- | --- |
| \< 350,001 | €500 |
| 350,001 – 2,000,000 | €1,500 |
| 2,000,001 – 10,000,000 | €5,000 |
| 10,000,001 – 15,000,000 | €10,000 |
| 15,000,001 – 20,000,000 | €15,000 |
| 20,000,001 – 30,000,000 | €20,000 |
| \> 30,000,000 | €30,000 |

## Personal Income Tax

Resident individuals:

Luxembourg considers individuals as tax resident if they have their permanent residence (where they are physically present for an uninterrupted period of more than six months) in Luxembourg. Therefore, owning a residence in Luxembourg is not the only condition for tax residence.

People that are resident in Luxembourg are taxed on their worldwide income as though it were earned in Luxembourg. Non-resident individuals are only taxed on their Luxembourg-source income, while part-year residents are taxed at a percentage equivalent to what they would be taxed at if all of their income is earned in Luxembourg. It is possible for non-residents to elect to be treated as though their income is fully from Luxembourg if at least 90% of all income is derived from Luxembourg sources (50% for Belgian-resident individuals).

### Structure of income tax

In Luxembourg, income tax is divided into eight categories:

* Trade and business income
* Income from agriculture and forestry
* Income from self-employment
* Income from employment
* Income from pensions and annuities
* Income from movable property
* Rental income
* Miscellaneous income

Taxpayers are classified into three main classes that depends on their personal situation:

* Class 1: Single individuals without children
* Class 1a: Individuals aged \> 65, individuals with children, and widow(er)s not covered under class 2
* Class 2: Married couples and for individuals having a partnership contract (joint taxation), for widow(er)s during the first three years of widowhood, and for people who were separated during the first three years of separation (if such a benefit was not accorded in the preceding five years)

Tax is calculated with a progressive rate table, ranging from 0% to 42% depending on income. A solidarity surcharge of 7% of income tax is added to income tax, which increases to 9% for tax class 1 and tax class 1a on incomes greater than € 150,000 and for tax class 2 taxpayers on incomes greater than € 300,000.

As of 2024, the income tax applicable on class 1 taxpayers is according to the following table:

| From (€) | To (€) | Tax rate on income in bracket |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 12,400 | 0% |
| 12,401 | 14,500 | 8% |
| 14,501 | 16,550 | 9% |
| 16,551 | 18,600 | 10% |
| 18,601 | 20,700 | 11% |
| 20,701 | 22,750 | 12% |
| 22,751 | 24,900 | 14% |
| 24,901 | 27,050 | 16% |
| 27,051 | 29,200 | 18% |
| 29,201 | 31,350 | 20% |
| 31,351 | 33,500 | 22% |
| 33,501 | 35,650 | 24% |
| 35,651 | 37,800 | 26% |
| 37,801 | 39,950 | 28% |
| 39,951 | 42,100 | 30% |
| 42,101 | 44,250 | 32% |
| 44,251 | 46,400 | 34% |
| 46,401 | 48,600 | 36% |
| 48,601 | 50,750 | 38% |
| 50,751 | 110,400 | 39% |
| 110,401 | 165,600 | 40% |
| 165,601 | 220,750 | 41% |
| 220,751 | ----- | 42% |

Deductions are possible for, for example, job-related expenses, commuting allowances, insurance premiums, and loan interest. An income-based tax credit for salaried employment of up to €696 applies to incomes of up to €80,000 (in class 1).

## Social Security Contributions

In Luxembourg, social security contributions are payable by employers and employees. They are divided into five types of fund:

* Health insurance
* Old-age pension insurance
* Long-term care insurance
* Accident insurance
* Employers’ mutual insurance fund

There are different rates that are applicable depending on the type of fund and the employment status. In 2024, the rates are as follows:

| Type of fund | Employee rate (%) | Employer rate (%) | Self-employed rate (%) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Health insurance | 3.05 | 3.05 | 6.10 |
| Old-age pension | 8.00 | 8.00 | 16.00 |
| Long-term care insurance | 1.40 | 0.00 | 1.40 |
| Accident insurance | 0.00 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| Occupation health insurance | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
| Employers' mutual insurance fund | 0 | 0.72 – 2.84 | 0.72 – 2.84 |
| **Total** | **12.45** | **12.66 – 14.78** | **24.97 - 27.09** |


title: MasterChef India – Telugu

abstract: MasterChef India – Telugu is an Indian Telugu-language competitive cooking reality show based on MasterChef Australia and is part of MasterChef India. Produced by Endemol Shine India and co-produced by Innovative film Academy, it started broadcasting on Gemini TV and Sun NXT on 27 August 2021.

text:
# MasterChef India – Telugu

***MasterChef India – Telugu*** (or colloquially ***MasterChef Telugu***) is an Indian Telugu-language competitive cooking reality show based on *MasterChef Australia* and is part of *MasterChef India*. Produced by Endemol Shine India and co-produced by Innovative film Academy, it started broadcasting on Gemini TV and Sun NXT on 27 August 2021.

## Format

The show features 14 contestants, a host, and three chefs as judges. The winner will receive the *MasterChef* title and a cash prize of ₹25 lakh.

## Series

| Season | Host | Judges | | | First Aired | Last Aired | No. of episodes | No. of contestants | Winner | Runner-up | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | |
|  | Tamannaah Bhatia
(Episode 1–16)
Anasuya Bharadwaj
(Episode 17–24) | Chef Chalapathi Rao | Chef Sanjay Thumma | Chef Mahesh Padala | 27 August 2021 | 27 November 2021 | 28 | 14 | K. Krishna Tejasvi | G. D. Anusha |  |
|

## Season 1

***MasterChef India – Telugu season 1*** aired from 27 August 2021 to 27 November 2021 on Gemini TV and also available on Sun NXT platform. Tamannaah Bhatia hosted the first 16 episodes, while Anasuya Bharadwaj hosted episodes 17–24. The remaining episodes had no host. Professional chefs Chalapathi Rao, Sanjay Thumma and Mahesh Padala served as judges. K. Krishna Tejasvi, a home baker from Hyderabad, won the competition, with G. D. Anusha as the runner-up and Kamal Jakkilinki from Vizag as the 2nd runner-up.

## Production

### Development

In early 2021, Sun TV Network secured the production rights for MasterChef in Telugu. In late June 2021, Tamannaah confirmed her role as the show's host by sharing a behind-the-scenes picture. The show is set to have 28 episodes. An entire set designed by Omung Kumar, consists of 20 countertops, a pantry and a balcony, was created at the Innovative Film Academy for shooting. The makers chose a multiple-camera setup for the series.

### Filming

The show is directed by Sanjeev K. Kumar and filming began in late June 2021.

## Other versions

*MasterChef* was initially adapted in Hindi under the name of *MasterChef India – Hindi*. Later it was adapted into Tamil as *MasterChef India – Tamil*. In addition, Kannada and Malayalam adaptations are planned.

## InfoBox

| *MasterChef India – Telugu* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Also known as | MasterChef Telugu |
|  | |
| Telugu | *మాస్టర్ చెఫ్ ఇండియా – తెలుగు* |
|  | |
| Genre | * Reality * Cookery |
| Based on | *MasterChef Australia* |
| Directed by | * Sanjeev K. Kumar * (Season 1) |
| Presented by |  |
| Judges |  |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Telugu |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| Production | |
| Production locations |  |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 48 minutes |
| Production companies | * Endemol Shine India * (Season 1–present) * Innovative Film Academy * (Season 1) * Alankar Pandian's Invenio Origin * (Season 1) |
| Original release | |
| Network |  |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Office 1 Superstore

abstract: Office 1 International, Inc. is an International franchise company established in Florida, USA and currently present in 27 countries – Bulgaria, France and Greece and more and with over 600 Locations. Office 1 was founded in 1989 by Mark Baccash, On February 20, 2018. Panda Cooperation officially acquired all the trademark rights of the Office 1 Superstore portfolio. From a major franchisee in Bulgaria, Panda Cooperation becomes the sole owner and representative of Office 1, Office 1 Superstore, Office 1 Superstore International and Office 1 e-shop brands worldwide.

text:
# Office 1 Superstore

**Office 1 International, Inc.** (**Office 1**) is an International franchise company established in Florida, USA and currently present in 27 countries – Bulgaria, France and Greece and more and with over 600 Locations. Office 1 was founded in 1989 by Mark Baccash, On February 20, 2018. **Panda Cooperation** officially acquired all the trademark rights of the Office 1 Superstore portfolio. From a major franchisee in Bulgaria, Panda Cooperation becomes the sole owner and representative of **Office 1**, **Office 1 Superstore**, **Office 1 Superstore International** and  **Office 1 e-shop** brands worldwide.

## Office 1 Bulgaria

In 1998 the chain entered the Bulgarian market, when **Panda Cooperation** received a master franchise for the territory of Bulgaria. The first Bulgarian Office 1 Superstore has been opened in June 1998 in Sofia.

**Office 1 Superstore** is the largest chain of stores for office supplies in Bulgaria with an extensive network of sub-franchisees and own stores.

## InfoBox

Office 1 International, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Retail, Wholesale, Franchise |
| Founded | 1989 (1989) |
| Headquarters | Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Products | Office supplies, Furniture, Electronics, Stationery |
| Website | www.office1.bg |


title: Hyper Void

abstract: Hyper Void is a 3D shooter video game, developed and published by InFramez Technology. It was released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows.

text:
# Hyper Void

***Hyper Void*** is a 3D shooter video game, developed and published by InFramez Technology. It was released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows.

## Gameplay

*Hyper Void* is a 3D tube shooter. the RM-24, a combat space ship armed with 3 different weapons that can be fired simultaneously and are assigned to three different buttons. The weapons vary in damage, rate of fire and bullet speed and all of them consume energy from a shared power source that recharges over time, requiring the player to think and aim rather than just hold the fire button indefinitely.

Movement is restricted to sideways only. Combat occurs in a variety of different environments, most notably inside cross-dimensional wormholes depicted as dynamic twisted tubes with kaleidoscopic visuals, but also in deep outer space at different galaxies. The challenge of wormholes comes from the unconventional (often flipped) path ways, which in many cases loop in closed circles or other shapes, sometimes forcing the player to fly flipped upside-down. Certain wormholes are so distorted that even the player's bullets will ultimately reach the reverse of where they would normally go.

Enemy encounters vary in type and size. Common enemies are usually destroyed with a few well-timed shots and come in numbers and a wide variety of movement patterns. Such enemies exhibit different types and behaviors (e.g. explosive tracking mines, mobile missile pods, magnetically charged bombs and teleporters).

Another class of enemies is bosses, which appear in more than half of the levels, and pose a longer and more strategic challenge. Bosses often follow certain patterns of attack and require the player to discover their weakness point before taking them down.

The final class of enemies is the IPA virus. A formless cloud of matter that infects the player's ship causing different negative effects like graphical corruption, flipped controls, loss of weapon charge, and movement overriding. The virus is automatically cleaned away after a certain time of infection. In three levels, the virus manifests itself in boss encounters.

The game contains 29 levels organized in 3 different galaxies. At the end of each galaxy is a major encounter with the game's main enemy: the IPA virus.

Levels are generally split between two main setups: outer space and wormholes. Outer space is recognized by straightforward movement and outer space scenery such as planets and nebulae. Wormholes are tube-like with a wide variety of dynamic cross-sections. They also feature wildly changing colors and patterns often in sync with the background playing music.

Some levels offer a different experience than straight enemy shooting. Including following a branching network of gates to sync back to the time dimension, and racing fast through a set of blockades. In certain encounters the player is advised to not shoot at all and stick to maneuvering and dodging hazards without engaging.

The level names were all chosen from x86 assembly instructions where each instruction's workings and purpose roughly describe the main challenge of the level.

### Hyper Mode

Destroying enemies accumulates points towards Hyper Score, which is a set number of points that is different for each level. Upon finishing a level while reaching or exceeding its Hyper Score, a special Hyper Mode is unlocked for that level.

In Hyper Mode, the player controls a different space ship that has a considerably stronger weapon charge as well as faster maneuverability. However, it also starts with a single level of armor rather than three under normal mode. Armor regeneration power-ups only restore one level of armor instead of full restoration.

Because of these changes, levels in Hyper Mode are more challenging and intense than normal mode levels.

## Plot

It is the year 2960, roughly 300 years after the events of Wing Commander Prophecy. Humans expanded their territory in space to vast areas across many galaxies. The United Observatory Network (UON) being tasked with monitoring and recording incidents and effects of Super Nova explosions within or near human territories, one day records a Super Nova explosion in Alpha Centauri that exhibited certain unrecognizable patterns. Regardless, the explosion was filed as SN-2960rda and was left open for investigation.

Not short after, defense grids (outposts on the borders of human territories) began reporting increased concentrations of attacks from many races even that from those whom were not in conflict with humans. Puzzled by this sudden increase of aggressive (even suicidal) behavior, the United Defense Agency (UDA) put together a special fleet of 26 space ships of different specialties and capabilities, labeled between RM-1 and RM-26. The goal is to investigate the cause of the sudden universal hostility.

The player commands the RM-24 (combat and defense specialist), and takes off from one of the defense grids in the first level. As the RM-24 makes its first jump to a wormhole, it is immediately engaged by hostile attacks from other races space crafts.

As the fleet progresses in their recon mission, they gradually discover that the hostile behavior is instigated by a virus of organic matter somehow capable of infecting computer systems, driving them in hostile ways even if the space craft itself was not designed for combat. The virus is code-named IPA (short for Infinite Parallel Agents) and usually appears as a formless cloud of matter moving together.

RM-24 makes its first virus encounter in level 5 which causes the ship's systems to misbehave for a certain time before it gets cleaned out.

In level 9, RM-24 runs through the remnants of the Lexington (a carrier vessel from Wing Commander 4) which has been haunted by the virus, leading to the first major virus encounter in which it overtakes a disabled satellite orbital station and reactivates it to destroy the player.

Following the encounter, the fleet begins to trace the origins of the virus as well as ways to neutralize it. RM-24 finds itself in a second encounter with the IPA virus, only this time the virus is determined to take vengeance against RM-24 since the last encounter. The battle leads to the RM-24 losing connection to the time dimension.

After going through a time resync challenge, RM-24 re-establishes communication with what remained of the fleet to learn about the demise of most members. However, the fleet managed to trace the virus origins to Alpha Centauri where the SN-2960rda explosion occurred.

RM-24 makes its way to Alpha Centauri for one final confrontation with the IPA virus on the surface of a large battleship. The battle quickly unfolds to an impossible situation with IPA continually spreading and surrounding RM-24. RM-24 takes a last-hope move and jumps into a highly volatile wormhole that is about to collapse. The IPA virus, determined to bring down RM-24, follows it into the wormhole. As it takes the grip on RM-24, the space ship redirects all weapon energy to its thrusters and blasts out of the wormhole just in time before the wormhole collapses on itself, crushing the IPA virus along in the collapse.

RM-24 traces back its path to make contact with the remaining RM fleet before reporting back the success of the mission.

## Development

As the developers were employees at EA Montreal, development on the game started in April 2013 after the studio's closure date and made its first release on PlayStation 3 initially, then it followed on PlayStation 4 then on Xbox One. The game was done on the company's internal engine, which supported Windows PC only at the beginning of the project. Support for other platforms was added gradually which led to the individual consecutive releases. The project took one year and 10 months from start until the first release. It was entirely financed from the savings of the developers preferred this over going to a publisher and sacrificing on creative control. There were some government-funded programs, but the major ones had a cost of their own both in terms of time and money. So we settled with smaller local incentives which did not impose a lot of pressure or restrictions, but they did not cover more than the price of the PlayStation 3 devkit and a couple software licenses.

The game ran with all of its graphical features on PlayStation 3 at 60 FPS with 2x MSAA at HD resolution. The development team attributed this result to the use of their internally-developed engine.

Influences for the game came from a number of existing space-shooters, including *Tempest*, *Salamander*, *Xenon 2*, and *Wing Commander* which is referenced in the game's story.

## Reception

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the game has received an average score of 70, based on 5 reviews indicating "Mixed or average reviews".

In general, the game was well identified as a good return to arcade gaming, as well as its high quality and smooth graphics.

The story was often criticized as being too obscure. However, the developers of the game mentioned that the intention of the story was to make it more of a trivia to players who do research rather than being an essential part to win the game.

## InfoBox

| Hyper Void | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | InFramez Technology |
| Publisher(s) | InFramez Technology |
| Designer(s) | Homam Bahnassi
Wessam Bahnassi |
| Programmer(s) | Wessam Bahnassi |
| Artist(s) | Homam Bahnassi |
| Composer(s) | Kamel Bushnaq |
| Engine | DSK |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 3
PlayStation 4
Xbox One
Microsoft Windows |
| Release | **PlayStation 3**
February 10, 2015
**PlayStation 4**
September 8, 2015
**Xbox One**
January 6, 2016
**Microsoft Windows**
October 9, 2017 |
| Genre(s) | Shooter |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Western Avenue station (Metro Transit)

abstract: Western Avenue station is a light rail station on the Metro Green Line in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is located along University Avenue on both sides of the intersection with Western Avenue. The station has split side platforms, with the westbound platform on the north side of the tracks west of Western and the eastbound platform on the south side of the tracks east of Western. Along with Hamline Avenue Station and Victoria Street Station, this station was originally planned to be an infill station that would be built after the main line was constructed and if there was sufficient demand. However, significant political pressure and changes in the Federal Transit Administration's rules led to an early 2010 announcement that it would be built at the same time as the rest of the line. Construction in this area began in 2012. The station opened along with the rest of the line in 2014.

text:
# Western Avenue station (Metro Transit)

**Western Avenue station** is a light rail station on the Metro Green Line in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is located along University Avenue on both sides of the intersection with Western Avenue. The station has split side platforms, with the westbound platform on the north side of the tracks west of Western and the eastbound platform on the south side of the tracks east of Western.

Along with Hamline Avenue Station and Victoria Street Station, this station was originally planned to be an infill station that would be built after the main line was constructed and if there was sufficient demand. However, significant political pressure and changes in the Federal Transit Administration's rules led to an early 2010 announcement that it would be built at the same time as the rest of the line.

Construction in this area began in 2012. The station opened along with the rest of the line in 2014.

## InfoBox

| Western Avenue | |
| --- | --- |
| Western Avenue station eastbound platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | 358 University Avenue West (Eastbound)
401 University Avenue West (Westbound)
Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 44°57′21″N 93°6′58″W / 44.95583°N 93.11611°W / 44.95583; -93.11611 |
| Owned by | Metro Transit |
| Platforms | 2 split side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-grade |
| Bicycle facilities | Nice Ride station |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | June 14, 2014 (2014-06-14) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2023 | 633 daily 21.5% |
| Rank | 29 out of 37 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Metro Following station  Dale Streettoward Target Field  Green Line  Capitol/Rice Streettoward Saint Paul Union Depot | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: The Three Chimneys

abstract: The Three Chimneys is a restaurant in Colbost, Isle of Skye, Scotland. While in operation beforehand, the restaurant came to prominence after being taken over around 1985 by Eddie and Shirley Spear. It has won over 30 major awards and in July 2010, was named as one of the New York food critic Frank Bruni's top five favourite restaurants. It was included in the Restaurant magazine list of the world's 50 best restaurants in 2002 and 2003. The restaurant was sold by the Spears to Gordon Campbell Gray in April 2019.

text:
# The Three Chimneys

**The Three Chimneys** is a restaurant in Colbost, Isle of Skye, Scotland. While in operation beforehand, the restaurant came to prominence after being taken over around 1985 by Eddie and Shirley Spear. It has won over 30 major awards and in July 2010, was named as one of the New York food critic Frank Bruni's top five favourite restaurants. It was included in the *Restaurant* magazine list of the world's 50 best restaurants in 2002 (28th position) and 2003 (32nd position).

The restaurant was sold by the Spears to Gordon Campbell Gray in April 2019.

57°26′36″N 6°38′31″W / 57.4434°N 6.6420°W / 57.4434; -6.6420


title: Vehendi

abstract: Vehendi is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.

text:
# Vehendi

**Vehendi** is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.

## InfoBox

| Vehendi | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Võrtsjärv Limnology Center, part of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, located in Vehendi | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 58°13′30″N 26°07′53″E / 58.225°N 26.131388888889°E / 58.225; 26.131388888889 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Tartu County |
| Parish | Elva Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: The Yes

abstract: THE YES is a retail app and platform that focuses on women's fashion and clothing. Its algorithms analyze user data in order to optimize product personalization. THE YES has headquarters in New York City and Silicon Valley, California. On June 10, 2022, THE YES was acquired by Pinterest, Inc.

text:
# The Yes

**THE YES** is a retail app and platform that focuses on women's fashion and clothing. Its algorithms analyze user data in order to optimize product personalization. THE YES has headquarters in New York City and Silicon Valley, California.

On June 10, 2022, THE YES was acquired by Pinterest, Inc.

## History

THE YES was founded in 2018 by former Stitch Fix COO Julie Bornstein and Amit Aggarwal, formerly of Bloomreach. The app began development in 2018 and was released in May 2020.

At launch, THE YES was the first app to use Apple's App Clips in iOS 14.

Although THE YES originally started out as an app, in 2021 the company also launched the same functionality on their website.

## Description

The Yes uses AI technology to curate a feed of fashion product recommendations based on a user's individual preferences. Upon downloading the app, users will be asked a series of questions to determine their aesthetic preferences. These include questions about preferred brands, colors, styles, and sizes. Users can also vote "yes" or "no" to signify whether they like a product being shown. The platform's algorithms tailor recommendations based on this information.

In 2021, The Yes started allowing users to invite friends to view their liked items and provide feedback via emojis.

The Yes has more than 250 brands, 40 of which are plus-size. The Yes has brands such as Prada, Ralph Lauren, Levi's, Bottega Veneta, and Zara.

The Yes offers price matching and price filtering, but does not use traditional shopping filters.

## InfoBox

THE YES
|
|  |
| Industry | Fashion, retail |
| Founded | 2018 (2018) |
| Founders | * Julie Bornstein * Amit Aggarwal |
| Headquarters | San Francisco; New York City, United States |
| Owner |  |
| Website | https://www.theyes.com |


title: Majdan Średni

abstract: Majdan Średni is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudnik, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Rudnik, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Krasnystaw, and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Majdan Średni

**Majdan Średni** (Polish pronunciation: \[ˈmajdan ˈɕrɛdɲi\]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudnik, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Rudnik, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Krasnystaw, and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Majdan Średni | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Majdan Średni | |
| Coordinates: 50°53′46″N 23°0′34″E / 50.89611°N 23.00944°E / 50.89611; 23.00944 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Krasnystaw |
| Gmina | Rudnik |


title: Tara Deshpande

abstract: Tara Deshpande is an Indian actress, writer, former model and MTV VJ. Tara hosted a show called Kab Kyon Kahaan on Zee TV, along with Parth and then with Vinay Jain in the early 1990s. She appeared in several acclaimed films such as Sudhir Mishra's Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin and Kaizad Gustad's Bombay Boys. Since her marriage to an American citizen and moving to Boston in 2001, she lives in the Boston area. Her husband is a graduate of Harvard Business School and is in finance. Tara published her first book at the age of 23, Fifty and Done (HarperCollins). Before entering the world of movies she was a model and MTV VJ and a regular on the Mumbai stage. She played Begum Sumroo in Alyque Padamsee's play of the same name. Her book, A Sense for Spice: Recipes and Stories from a Konkan Kitchen was published in 2012 and Indian Sense of Salad in 2018. She travels between NYC and Mumbai.

text:
# Tara Deshpande

**Tara Deshpande** is an Indian actress, writer, former model and MTV VJ. Tara hosted a show called *Kab Kyon Kahaan* on Zee TV, along with Parth and then with Vinay Jain in the early 1990s. She appeared in several acclaimed films such as Sudhir Mishra's *Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin* and Kaizad Gustad's *Bombay Boys*. Since her marriage to an American citizen and moving to Boston in 2001, she lives in the Boston area. Her husband is a graduate of Harvard Business School and is in finance. Tara published her first book at the age of 23, *Fifty and Done* (HarperCollins). Before entering the world of movies she was a model and MTV VJ and a regular on the Mumbai stage. She played Begum Sumroo in Alyque Padamsee's play of the same name. Her book, *A Sense for Spice: Recipes and Stories from a Konkan Kitchen* (Westland Publishers) was published in 2012 and *Indian Sense of Salad* in 2018. She travels between NYC and Mumbai.

## Filmography

### Feature film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | *Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin* | Pooja |  |
| 1998 | *Bada Din* | Nandini Shom |  |
| 1998 | *Bombay Boys* | Dolly |  |
| 2000 | *Tapish* | Namrata |  |
| 2001 | *Style* | Nikki Malhotra |  |
| 2002 | *Encounter: The Killing* | Kiran Jaywant |  |
| 2002 | *Danger* | Unnati |  |
| 2003 | *Encounter: The Killing* | Kiran Jaywant | Nominated Best Film 2003 |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | *Kab Kyon Kahan* | Host | 52 Episodes |
| 1996 | *Superhit Muqabla* | Anchor | Guest Anchor |
| 1996 | *MTV Roadshow* | Co-Host | Video Jockey |
| 1996 | *MTV Get A Voice* | Host | MTV Talk Show |

## Appearances as herself

Apart from her work in television and films, Tara Deshpande has also appeared in many other shows as herself. She had appeared on the Movers and Shakers show with Shekhar Suman as a Guest star in episode 55. She has even co-hosted many award shows like the Filmfare awards in 1998, 2000 and 2001. Tara even appeared in the Bhoomi episodes on the DD Metro channel produced by Siddharth Kak. She was also featured on the WGHB World of Chocolate show produced by PBS and was seen on the Amul hoarding as the Amul girl in her eponymous role as Dolly in Bombay Boys.

Ms Deshpande even appeared on the MasterMind quiz show hosted by Siddharth Basu as well as Zee Tv quiz show with Sonu Nigam and Gul Panag, Naseeruddin Shah hosted by Derek O’Brien.

## Theatre

Tara Deshpande began her career on the professional stage at the age of 14. She was formally launched by Alyque Padamsee in the eponymous role of the historical figure Begum Sumroo in 1995. Among her other performances are BBC Council Productions of She Stoops To Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith Toprani productions The Yours, Mine and Ours Show and Peter Schaffer’s Black Comedy. She trained under Marathi theatre legend Atmaram Bhende, Pearl Padamsee and Shiraz Jefferies.

## Politics, Charities & social work

Tara Deshpande is actively involved in many charities and is a supporter of various social issues. Some of the charities she is involved in include the Rotary Club of Bombay, ASPCA, PAL, Society for the Education of the Crippled, and Montana Horse Ranch Rescue. The Culinary Culture community had declared Tara Deshpande as a COVID warrior for her free meals program for those who didn’t have access to food during COVID-19.

## Writer

Tara Deshpande is the published author of several books. Fifty and Done a collection of short stories (1999 HarperCollins India), A Sense of Spice: Recipes and Stories from a Konkan Kitchen ( Westland) An Indian Sense of Salad (Penguin 2018) and Chillies and Porridge (Harper Collins 2014). Her recipes and articles have appeared in Vogue, NYTimes, Boston Globe, Indian Express, and The Print.

Besides her charity work, Tara Deshpande has been a longtime supporter of LGBTQ rights and has been a jury member for Kashish 2018 which is a famous International Queer Film Festival in Mumbai. She is also a registered Democrat and served as co-chair of the South Asian Fundraising committee for Robert Reich, former Secretary of Labor, during his campaign for Governor in 2001 and was briefly part of the South Asian fundraising committee for John Kerry gubernatorial race in Massachusetts.

## InfoBox

| Tara Deshpande | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1996–2002 |


title: Tara Devi of Kapurthala

abstract: Tara Devi, born Eugenie Grosup, was a Czech actress and dancer who became the sixth wife of Maharajah Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala, India, in 1942. They had met several years earlier in Vienna, where she played Anitra in Henrik Ibsen's drama Peer Gynt at the Burgtheater. The couple separated in 1945, and subsequent plans to allow her passage to the United States were unsuccessful. On 8 December 1946, she fell to her death from the Qutb Minar, Delhi.

text:
# Tara Devi of Kapurthala

**Tara Devi** (22 January 1911 – 8 December 1946), born **Eugenie Grosup**, was a Czech actress and dancer who became the sixth wife of Maharajah Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala, India, in 1942. They had met several years earlier in Vienna, where she played Anitra in Henrik Ibsen's drama *Peer Gynt* at the Burgtheater.

The couple separated in 1945, and subsequent plans to allow her passage to the United States were unsuccessful. On 8 December 1946, she fell to her death from the Qutb Minar, Delhi.

## Early life

Tara Devi, also known as Nina, was born Eugenie Grosup to actress Maria Eleanora Grosup (1889–1945) in Munzwardeingasse, Vienna. The Viennese Catholic Church registry baptism records of 1918 document her date of birth as 22 January 1911 and describe her as an illegitimate female. The National Archives of India hold a registration document with her name misspelled as 'Engenie' and records her year of birth as 1914. The Embassy of the Czech Republic in New Delhi names her father as the Hungarian Count Karatsonyi. Her guardian was Leon Pistol.

In 1935, she was selected to play Anitra in Henrik Ibsen's drama *Peer Gynt* at the Burgtheater in Vienna. According to Pistol, it was at one of her performances that Maharaja Jagatjit Singh first saw her.

## Later life

Grosup and her family, including her grandmother, left Prague in 1937. In May 1939, the 28-year-old Eugenie Grosup, her mother Maria Grosup, and the 66-year-old Maharajah are named in the passenger list of the *Tatsuta Maru* going from Yokohama, Japan, to San Francisco, US.

In India, the Grosups resided in the women's quarters at the palace in Kapurthala. The maharajah's grandson Brigadier Sukkhjit Singh notes in his biography of his grandfather, *Prince, Patron and Patriarch* (2019), that he asked Grosup to marry him after she received a deportation notice to leave India and return to Nazi-occupied Europe. Her mother persuaded her to agree to the marriage and in 1942, Eugenie Grosup married the maharajah at Mussoorie. She was subsequently known as Tara Devi of Kapurthala. According to Sambuy, she was far from being in favour with the British in India or with the maharajah's household; they saw her as a commoner. Both her grandmother and mother died suddenly during a trip to Mussoorie in 1945. There, Devi became convinced that they were poisoned and she suffered a nervous breakdown. According to Sukkhjit Singh, she had already been experiencing recurrent bouts of depression, made worse by news from Europe of family and friends in concentration camps. Subsequently, the couple separated and she moved into a hotel in Delhi. Plans to allow her passage to her Austrian friends in the United States failed as British authorities denied her a passport.

## Death

On 8 December 1946, she left the Maidens Hotel, where she was residing, and was driven to the Qutb Minar, from which she fell to her death with her two Pomeranian dogs. Newspapers of the time reported her death as occurring on 9 December, that state schools, colleges and offices in Kapurthala closed as a mark of respect to her memory, and that an inquest into her death was to take place. Pistol, then living in New York, had suspected "foul play" and told the press that Devi's letters to him "told of a constant fear of death, and that she planned to come to the United States". She is buried at the Nicholson Cemetery, New Delhi.

1. Vienna, Austria, Catholic Church Registers, 1600–1960. Baptism records for 1918. Eugenie Grosup, p. 109.
2. Sambuy, Livia Manera (2023). "A most Parisian Maharajah". *In Search of Amrit Kaur: An Indian Princess in Wartime Paris*. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4735-4629-5.
3. "75 let od úmrtí české manželky indického mahárádži Eugenie Grosupové". *www.mzv.cz* (in Czech). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
4. Dass, Diwan Jarmani (2020). "7. Maharani Țara Devi's tragic romance". *Maharani*. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. pp. 33–35. ISBN 978-93-5349-784-2.
5. Gaur, Abhilash (2 December 2021). *Nina Grosup-Karatsonyi a.k.a. Rani Tara Devi of Kapurthala*.
6. "Foul play suspected by former guardian: letters tell of constant fear". *Civil & Military Gazette*. 13 December 1946. p. 10.
7.
8. Singh, Surender (1995). *Princely Life in Indian English Writings*. Reliance Publishing House. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-81-85972-77-0.
9. Singh, H. H. Sukhjit; Frederick, Cynthia Meera (2019). "The Elysee Palace: consorts from different lands". *Prince, Patron and Patriarch; Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala*. New Delhi: Roli Books. pp. 174–177. ISBN 978-81-938608-5-4.
10. ""Not due to foul play". Death of Kapurthala Ruler's Wife". *Civil & Military Gazette*. 17 December 1946. p. 8.
11. Butler, John Anthony (2017). "7. His Highness goes shopping: Jagatjit in Asia". *Essays on Unfamiliar Travel-Writing: Off the Beaten Track*. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4438-6088-8.
12. "Maharani Tara Devi dead: Fall from Qutb Minor in Delhi". *Civil & Military Gazette*. 11 December 1946. p. 8.

## InfoBox

| Maharani Tara Devi | |
| --- | --- |
| *Queen consort of Kapurthala* | |
|  | |
| Born | Eugenie Grosup
(1911-01-22)22 January 1911
Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 8 December 1946(1946-12-08) (aged 35)
Qutb Minar, Delhi, India |
| Burial | New Delhi, India |
| Husband | Jagatjit Singh  (m. 1942; sep. 1945) |


title: Ephraim Kimberly Grant

abstract: The Ephraim Kimberly Grant was a land tract in eastern Ohio that was granted to an American Revolutionary War veteran by Congress late in the 18th century. It was located in the Seven Ranges along the Ohio River.

text:
# Ephraim Kimberly Grant

The **Ephraim Kimberly Grant** was a land tract in eastern Ohio that was granted to an American Revolutionary War veteran by Congress late in the 18th century. It was located in the Seven Ranges along the Ohio River.

## Background

The Congress had little money to pay the soldiers who fought for independence. They made promises of land to induce army enlistment. By resolutions of September 16 and 18, 1776, and August 12, September 22, and October 3, 1780, they proposed to give each officer or private continuously to serve in the United States army until the close of the war, or until discharged, or to the representatives of those slain by the enemy, tract sizes dependent on rank.

Capt. Ephraim Kimberly, (October 22, 1738, September 8, 1795) (Company of the 2nd Connecticut) is recognized as a patriot by the Daughters of the American Revolution Society. After the war, Kimberly squatted at the mouth of **Indian Short Creek**, now **Short Creek**, along the Ohio River. On April 8, 1794, Congress granted Kimberly 300 acres (1.2 km2) in an act entitled “AN ACT to authorize Ephraim Kimberly to locate the land warrant issued to him for services in the late American Army”

The Tract was surveyed by Absalom Martin, and was the first deed recorded in Jefferson County, Ohio, located in Warren Township. The tract was in Township 4 of range 2 of the Old Seven Ranges. In modern times, Rayland, Ohio lies at the mouth of Short Creek.

40°11′12″N 80°41′36″W / 40.18667°N 80.69333°W / 40.18667; -80.69333


abstract: Equestrian events were held at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan, from 3 to 9 October 1994. There were two equestrian disciplines: dressage and jumping. Both disciplines were further divided into individual and team contests for a total of four events.

text:
# Equestrian events at the 1994 Asian Games

**Equestrian** events were held at the **1994 Asian Games** in Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan, from 3 to 9 October 1994. There were two equestrian disciplines: dressage and jumping. Both disciplines were further divided into individual and team contests for a total of four events.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual dressage
 | Mieko Yagi
Japan | Yoshitaka Serimachi
Japan | Shin Chang-moo
South Korea |
| Team dressage
 | Japan
Mieko Yagi
Masumi Shimoda
Yoshitaka Serimachi | South Korea
Shin Chang-moo
Suh Jung-kyun
Choi Myung-jin | Chinese Taipei
Lan Chung-hsiung
Chen Hsiang-fu
Kang Yu |
| Individual jumping
 | Konoshin Kuwahara
Japan | Ryuzo Okuno
Japan | Natya Chantrasmi
Thailand |
| Team jumping
 | Japan
Yoshihiro Nakano
Ryuzo Okuno
Konoshin Kuwahara
Naoki Otani | Chinese Taipei
Chen Hui-ming
Huang Han-wen
Chou Min-kun
Su Cheng-hung | Iran
Shahrokh Moghaddam
Kazem Vojdani
Ezzatollah Vojdani
Davoud Bahrami |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Iran (IRI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Thailand (THA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## InfoBox

| Equestrian events
at the 1994 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Hiroshima Institute of Technology |
| Dates | 3–9 October 1994 |
|


abstract: Equestrian events were contested at the 1998 Asian Games in Fort Adison Riding Club, Saraburi, Thailand, from 8 to 19 December 1998. There were three equestrian disciplines: dressage, eventing and jumping. All three disciplines are further divided into individual and team contests for a total of six events.

text:
# Equestrian events at the 1998 Asian Games

**Equestrian** events were contested at the **1998 Asian Games** in Fort Adison Riding Club, Saraburi, Thailand, from 8 to 19 December 1998. There were three equestrian disciplines: dressage, eventing and jumping. All three disciplines are further divided into individual and team contests for a total of six events.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual dressage
 | Suh Jung-kyun
South Korea | Shin Chang-moo
South Korea | Toshihide Takechi
Japan |
| Team dressage
 | South Korea
Choi Myung-jin
Suh Jung-kyun
Shin Chang-moo
Shin Soo-jin | Malaysia
Wan Zaleha Radzi
Syed Omar Al-Mohdzar
Qabil Ambak
Quzandria Nur | Thailand
Nitipat Ngao-osa
Suwat Bunlue
Chuenchom Chutima
Chalermcharn Chamswad |
| Individual eventing
 | Ikko Murakami
Japan | Nagone Kamolsiri
Thailand | Kiatnarong Klongkarn
Thailand |
| Team eventing
 | Thailand
Fuangvich Aniruth-deva
Vithai Laithomya
Nagone Kamolsiri
Mana Sonkratok | Japan
Keizo Eto
Sachiko Kodera
Shigeyuki Hosono
Ikko Murakami | India
Imtiaz Anees
Amlokjit Singh
Rajesh Pattu
Palwinder Singh |
| Individual jumping
 | Jin Kanno
Japan | Sohn Bong-gak
South Korea | Quzier Ambak
Malaysia |
| Team jumping
 | Japan
Toshiki Masui
Tadayoshi Kani
Jin Kanno
Chieko Yamaguchi | South Korea
Sohn Bong-gak
Woo Jung-ho
Kim Sung-whan
Heo Jung-sung | Kuwait
Rakad Al-Dhafiri
Jamila Al-Mutawa
Hamad Al-Dabbous
Hamad Shehab |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | South Korea (KOR) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| 3 | Thailand (THA) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Malaysia (MAS) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | India (IND) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Kuwait (KUW) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |

## InfoBox

| Equestrian events
at the 1998 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Fort Adison Riding Club |
| Dates | 8–19 December 1998 |
|


abstract: Equestrian events at the 2000 Summer Paralympics consisted of mixed individual and team dressage events.

text:
# Equestrian events at the 2000 Summer Paralympics

**Equestrian** events at the **2000 Summer Paralympics** consisted of mixed individual and team dressage events.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Great Britain (GBR) | 5 | 0 | 2 | 7 |
| 2 | Australia (AUS) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 4 | New Zealand (NZL) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Norway (NOR) | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 6 | Denmark (DEN) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 7 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | | 9 | 9 | 10 | 28 |

### Participating nations

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mixed dressage
Championship grade I
 | Lee Pearson
Great Britain | Brita Andersen
Denmark | Rosalie Fahey
Australia |
| | | | Jens Lasse Dokkan
Norway |
| Mixed dressage
Championship grade II
 | Joop Stokkel
Netherlands | Francis de Baerdemaeker
Belgium | Nicola Tustain
Great Britain |
| Mixed dressage
Championship grade III
 | Julie Higgins
Australia | Anne Cecilie Ore
Norway | Hanne Nesheim
Norway |
| Mixed dressage
Championship grade IV
 | Jayne Craike
New Zealand | Ann Cathrin Evenrud
Norway | Kay Gebbie
Great Britain |
| Mixed dressage
Freestyle grade I
 | Lee Pearson
Great Britain | Brita Andersen
Denmark | Jens Lasse Dokkan
Norway |
| Mixed dressage
Freestyle grade II
 | Nicola Tustain
Great Britain | Joop Stokkel
Netherlands | Gert Bolmer
Netherlands |
| Mixed dressage
Freestyle grade III
 | Julie Higgins
Australia | Anne Cecilie Ore
Norway | Marita Hird
Australia |
| Mixed dressage
Freestyle grade IV
 | Kay Gebbie
Great Britain | Jayne Craike
New Zealand | Marita Tevali
Finland |
| Mixed dressage
team open
 | Great Britain (GBR)
Lee Pearson
Anne Dunham
Nicola Tustain
Kay Gebbie | Netherlands (NED)
Sjerstin Vermeulen
Ineke de Groot
Joop Stokkel
Gert Bolmer | Norway (NOR)
Silje Gillund
Anne Cecilie Ore
Jens Lasse Dokkan
Ann Cathrin Evenrud |

## InfoBox

| Equestrian
at the XI Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Paralympic Equestrian | |
| Venue | Sydney International Equestrian Centre |
| Competitors | 72 from 24 nations |
|


# Equestrian events at the 1996 Summer Olympics

The Equestrian events were held at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers, United States, 30 miles or 50 km east of Atlanta. For the first time in Olympic history, the three-day event individual and team events were held as two separate competitions. A rider could compete in both events. This format would continue on to the 2000 Olympics.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual dressage
 | Isabell Werth
and Gigolo (GER) | Anky van Grunsven
and Bonfire (NED) | Sven Rothenberger
and Weyden (NED) |
| Team dressage
 | Germany (GER)
Klaus Balkenhol
and Goldstern
Martin Schaudt
and Durgo
Monica Theodorescu
and Grunox
Isabell Werth
and Gigolo | Netherlands (NED)
Tineke Bartels
and Barbria
Anky van Grunsven
and Bonfire
Sven Rothenberger
and Weyden
Gonnelien Rothenberger
and Gonnelien | United States (USA)
Robert Dover
and Metallic
Michelle Gibson
and Peron
Steffen Peters
and Udon
Guenter Seidel
and Graf George |
| Individual eventing
 | Blyth Tait
and Ready Teddy (NZL) | Sally Clark
and Squirrel Hill (NZL) | Kerry Millikin
and Out and About (USA) |
| Team eventing
 | Australia (AUS)
Wendy Schaeffer
and Sunburst
Gillian Rolton
and Peppermint Grove
Andrew Hoy
and Darien Powers
Phillip Dutton
and True Blue Girdwood | United States (USA)
Karen O'Connor
and Biko
David O'Connor
and Giltedge
Bruce Davidson
and Heyday
Jill Henneberg
and Nirvana | New Zealand (NZL)
Blyth Tait
and Chesterfield
Andrew Nicholson
and Jaggermeister II
Vaughn Jefferis
and Bounce
Victoria Latta
and Broadcast News |
| Individual jumping
 | Ulrich Kirchhoff
and Jus De Pommes (GER) | Wilhelm Melliger
and Calvaro V (SUI) | Alexandra Ledermann
and Rochet M (FRA) |
| Team jumping
 | Germany (GER)
Franke Sloothaak
and Joly Coeur
Lars Nieberg
and For Pleasure
Ulrich Kirchhoff
and Jus De Pommes
Ludger Beerbaum
and Ratina Z | United States (USA)
Peter Leone
and Legato
Leslie Burr-Howard
and Extreme
Anne Kursinski
and Eros
Michael R. Matz
and Rhum | Brazil (BRA)
Luiz Felipe de Azevedo
and Cassiana
Álvaro de Miranda Neto
and Aspen
André Johannpeter
and Calei
Rodrigo Pessoa
and Tomboy |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | New Zealand (NZL) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | United States (USA) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 5 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 6 | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |

## Officials

Appointment of officials was as follows:

Dressage * Linda Zang (Ground Jury President)
* Uwe Mechlem (Ground Jury Member)
* Jan Peeters (Ground Jury Member)
* Bernard Maurel (Ground Jury Member)
* Eric Lette (Ground Jury Member)

Jumping * John Ammermann (Ground Jury President)
* José Alvarez de Bohorques (Ground Jury Member)
* Franz Pranter (Ground Jury Member)
* Francis Michielsen (Ground Jury Member)
* Linda Allen (Course Designer)
* Olaf Petersen (Technical Delegate)

Eventing * Giovanni Grignolo (Ground Jury President)
* Jack Le Goff (Ground Jury Member)
* Patrick Carew (Ground Jury Member)
* Bernd Springorum (Ground Jury Member)
* Roger Haller (Course Designer)
* Hugh Thomas (Technical Delegate)

## InfoBox

| Equestrian
at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Georgia International Horse Park |
| Dates | 23 July – 4 August 1996 |
| No. of events | 6 |
| Competitors | 219 from 30 nations |
|


title: Tao (album)

abstract: Tao is the tenth studio album by Australian musician Rick Springfield. It was released on 27 March 1985, by RCA Records.

text:
# Tao (album)

***Tao*** is the tenth studio album by Australian musician Rick Springfield. It was released on 27 March 1985, by RCA Records.

## Production

In the liner notes for the collector's edition CD of *Tao*, Springfield comments, "I was going through a major depression back then, and had been for a few years. I was spiritually lost, and finding it hard to cope with everything that was going on. Even my success was causing me pain. I couldn't come to terms with earning so much money while others were struggling to find small change even to eat. It seemed so wrong, but what could I do about it? On top of that, I had real problems dealing with my father's death. It all meant that I was in such a mess, which is why the lyrics on the "Tao" album are definitely the darkest of my career."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

*Cash Box* described the lead single "Celebrate Youth" as a "slamming rocker" and an "impassioned anthem."

## Track listing

All songs written by Rick Springfield, except where noted.

1. "Dance This World Away"  (Tim Pierce, Springfield)  \- 4:36
2. "Celebrate Youth" - 4:24 (the song is 3:53 followed by a 30-second outro featuring a child's voice repeating the words "who's there")
3. "State of the Heart"  (Eric McCusker, Tim Pierce, Springfield) \- 4:02
4. "Written in Rock" - 4:34
5. "The Power of Love (The Tao of Love)" - 5:00
6. "Walking on the Edge" - 5:09
7. "Walk Like a Man" - 4:14
8. "The Tao of Heaven" - 1:28
9. "Stranger in the House" - 4:03
10. "My Father's Chair" - 3:27

**Total length: 41:02**

## Personnel

* Rick Springfield - vocals, guitar, Emulator II, DMX programs, bass, DX7, percussion, JX-3P, backing vocals
* Mitchell Froom \- Emulator II, Optigan, DX7
* Tim Pierce \- guitar, GR707
* John Philip Shenale \- ppg, OB8, DX7
* Jeff Silverman - GR707
* Mike Baird \- drums
* Mike Fischer - acoustic percussion
* Pino Palladino \- fretless bass
* Nicky Hopkins \- DX7, JX-3P
* Richard Page, Edie Lehmann - backing vocals and lines on "Dance This World Away"
* Tommy Funderburk, Tom Kelly, Mike Selfrit - backing vocals
* Nigel Lundemo Pierce - "talking boy"
* Produced by Rick Springfield and Bill Drescher
* Engineered by Bill Drescher
* Mastered by Greg Fulginiti at Artisan Sound, Hollywood

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications for *Tao*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Tao | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rick Springfield | |
| Released | 27 March 1985 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 41:00 |
| Label | RCA |
| Producer | Rick Springfield, Bill Drescher |
| Rick Springfield chronology | |
| *Beautiful Feelings*
(1984) ***Tao***
(1985) *Rock of Life*
(1988) | |


abstract: The Equestrian Individual Freestyle Test Grade Ib event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held in the Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian Centre on 11 September. The competition was assessed by a ground jury composed of five judges placed at locations designated E, H, C, M, and B. Each judge rated the competitors' performances with scores out of 10 for technical difficulty and artistic merit. The ten scores from the jury were then summed to determine a rider's total percentage score. The event was won by Lee Pearson, representing  Great Britain.

text:
# Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Individual freestyle test grade Ib

The **Equestrian Individual Freestyle Test Grade Ib** event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held in the Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian Centre on 11 September.

The competition was assessed by a ground jury composed of five judges placed at locations designated E, H, C, M, and B. Each judge rated the competitors' performances with scores out of 10 for technical difficulty and artistic merit. The ten scores from the jury were then summed to determine a rider's total percentage score.

The event was won by Lee Pearson, representing  Great Britain.

## Ground jury

| Judge at E | Liliana Iannone ( Argentina) |
| --- | --- |
| Judge at H | Janet Geary ( Australia) |
| Judge at C | Gudrun Hofinga ( Germany), jury president |
| Judge at M | Tarja Huttunen ( Finland) |
| Judge at B | Hanneke Gerritsen ( Netherlands) |

## Results

| Rank | Rider | Horse |  | Score (and rank) | | | | | Tech/Art
Score (Rk) | Total % score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | E | H | C | M | B | | |
|  | Lee Pearson (GBR) | Gentlemen | Tech: | 7.222   (1) | 7.889   (1) | 7.556   (1) | 7.556   (1) | 7.556   (1) | 37.779   (1) | 77.057 |
| | | | Art: | 7.722   (1) | 8.000   (1) | 8.056   (1) | 7.778   (1) | 7.722   (1) | 39.278   (1) | |
|  | Ricky Balshaw (GBR) | Deacons Giorgi | Tech: | 7.111   (2) | 7.000   (2) | 6.778   (2) | 7.000   (2) | 7.000   (2) | 34.889   (2) | 70.444 |
| | | | Art: | 6.944   (3) | 7.000   (2) | 6.944   (2) | 7.389   (2) | 7.278   (2) | 35.555   (2) | |
|  | Marcos Alves (BRA) | Luthenay De Vernay | Tech: | 6.778   (3) | 6.222   (8) | 6.444   (4) | 6.889   (3) | 6.667   (5) | 33.000   (3) | 67.333 |
| | | | Art: | 7.000   (2) | 6.500   (9) | 6.833   (3) | 7.222   (3) | 6.778   (6) | 34.333   (3) | |
| 4 | Nicole Kullen (AUS) | Nomination | Tech: | 6.111   (7) | 6.333   (7) | 6.333   (7) | 6.444   (4) | 6.778   (4) | 31.999   (4) | 66.110 |
| | | | Art: | 6.722   (5) | 6.611   (7) | 6.667   (7) | 7.111   (4) | 7.000   (3) | 34.111   (4) | |
| 5 | Jens Dokkan (NOR) | Lacour | Tech: | 6.444   (4) | 6.667   (4) | 6.333   (7) | 6.111 (10) | 6.000 (10) | 31.555   (6) | 65.555 |
| | | | Art: | 6.889   (4) | 6.889   (3) | 6.611   (8) | 6.778   (7) | 6.833   (5) | 34.000   (5) | |
| 6 | Jose Lorquet (BEL) | Junior Du Pre | Tech: | 6.222   (6) | 6.556   (5) | 6.222 (10) | 6.222   (8) | 6.222   (7) | 31.444   (7) | 65.333 |
| | | | Art: | 6.667   (6) | 6.833   (4) | 6.778   (5) | 6.722   (8) | 6.889   (4) | 33.889   (6) | |
| 7 | Katja Karjalainen (FIN) | Callan | Tech: | 6.333   (5) | 6.111   (9) | 6.667   (3) | 6.333   (5) | 6.222   (7) | 31.666   (5) | 64.999 |
| | | | Art: | 6.444 (10) | 6.667   (6) | 6.500   (9) | 7.111   (4) | 6.611   (9) | 33.333   (7) | |
| 8 | Ashley Gowanlock (CAN) | Donnymaskell | Tech: | 5.889 (10) | 6.111   (9) | 6.444   (4) | 6.333   (5) | 6.333   (6) | 31.110   (9) | 64.221 |
| | | | Art: | 6.556   (9) | 6.500   (9) | 6.833   (3) | 7.000   (6) | 6.222 (12) | 33.111   (8) | |
| 9 | Lynn Seidemann (USA) | Rhett | Tech: | 6.000   (8) | 7.000   (2) | 6.444   (4) | 5.889 (13) | 5.889 (13) | 31.222   (8) | 64.221 |
| | | | Art: | 6.611   (8) | 6.833   (4) | 6.722   (6) | 6.500 (11) | 6.333 (11) | 32.999   (9) | |
| 10 | Marion Milne (RSA) | Waldfee 697 | Tech: | 5.778 (12) | 6.111   (9) | 6.333   (7) | 6.222   (8) | 6.222   (7) | 30.666 (11) | 62.333 |
| | | | Art: | 5.889 (12) | 6.333 (11) | 6.111 (14) | 6.556 (10) | 6.778   (6) | 31.667 (11) | |
| 11 | Celine Gerny (FRA) | Jeudi D'Avril | Tech: | 5.667 (13) | 6.111   (9) | 6.111 (11) | 6.000 (11) | 6.889   (3) | 30.778 (10) | 61.666 |
| | | | Art: | 5.611 (14) | 6.167 (13) | 6.444 (11) | 5.944 (13) | 6.722   (8) | 30.888 (14) | |
| 12 | Grace Bowman (AUS) | Yv Mt Batton | Tech: | 6.000   (8) | 6.556   (5) | 6.111 (11) | 5.778 (14) | 6.000 (10) | 30.445 (12) | 61.611 |
| | | | Art: | 5.889 (12) | 6.611   (7) | 6.444 (11) | 5.833 (14) | 6.389 (10) | 31.166 (12) | |
| 13 | Omer Ben Dor (ISR) | Lennox | Tech: | 5.889 (10) | 5.556 (14) | 5.889 (14) | 6.333   (5) | 5.889 (13) | 29.556 (14) | 61.501 |
| | | | Art: | 6.667   (6) | 6.000 (15) | 6.500   (9) | 6.722   (8) | 6.056 (14) | 31.945 (10) | |
| 14 | Keith Newerla (USA) | Walk On The Moon | Tech: | 5.556 (14) | 5.889 (13) | 6.111 (11) | 6.000 (11) | 6.000 (10) | 29.556 (13) | 60.500 |
| | | | Art: | 6.056 (11) | 6.111 (14) | 6.333 (13) | 6.222 (12) | 6.222 (12) | 30.944 (13) | |
| 15 | Davi Mesquita (BRA) | Neho De La Jonchere | Tech: | 5.000 (15) | 5.222 (15) | 5.111 (15) | 5.222 (15) | 5.000 (15) | 25.555 (15) | 54.444 |
| | | | Art: | 5.222 (15) | 6.278 (12) | 5.722 (15) | 5.667 (15) | 6.000 (15) | 28.889 (15) | |

## InfoBox

| Individual Freestyle Test Grade Ib
at the XIII Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Paralympic Equestrian | |
| Venue | Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian Centre |
| Dates | 11 September |
| Competitors | 15 from 11 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Lee Pearson  Great Britain  Ricky Balshaw  Great Britain  Marcos Alves  Brazil | |
|


title: Lugar Boswell Thistle F.C.

abstract: Lugar Boswell Thistle Football Club are a Scottish football club, based in the village of Lugar, near Cumnock, Ayrshire. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the West of Scotland League Third Division. Their home ground since 1882 is Rosebank Park, and they wear maroon home strips and light blue away strips.

text:
# Lugar Boswell Thistle F.C.

**Lugar Boswell Thistle Football Club** are a Scottish football club, based in the village of Lugar, near Cumnock, Ayrshire. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the West of Scotland League Third Division. Their home ground since 1882 is Rosebank Park, and they wear maroon home strips and light blue away strips.

## History

Formed in 1878 as Lugar Boswell, the club were originally a Senior side playing such currently distinguished names as Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. The club made nine consecutive Scottish Cup appearances in the 1880s and reached the fifth round of the competition in 1882–83, losing to eventual finalists Vale of Leven. In March 1883, they recorded a 10–2 victory over Hearts which remains the Edinburgh club's record defeat. The following season, forward Sam Thomson was capped twice for Scotland. As success faded, the club then flitted between various Senior, Junior and even Juvenile leagues up to the Second World War. On reforming after hostilities, the club added the suffix Thistle and settled in Ayrshire Junior football.

The *Jaggy Bunnets* as they are nicknamed enjoyed a successful period in the 1950s. The club reached the semi-final of the Scottish Junior Cup in 1952, losing to Kilbirnie Ladeside after a replay with one tie attracting a then record attendance of over 30,000 to Rugby Park, Kilmarnock. In 1956, the club made it all the way to the final, with Thistle losing 4–1 to Petershill at Hampden Park in front of a crowd of 64,702. The current population of Lugar is 221.

With the club in danger of folding in 2015, Lugar entered a partnership with the Ayr United Football Academy where the SPFL club provided coaching staff and gave Ayr's pro-youth players game time in an adult footballing environment. In March 2016, Lugar announced that this arrangement would not continue beyond the end of the 2015–16 season and the club appointed Derek McMurdo as their new manager in the summer of 2016.

## Notable former players

## Honours

### Scottish Junior Cup

* Runners-up: 1955–56

### Other Honours

* Western League champions: 1953–54, 1955–56
* Ayrshire Second Division winners: 1995–96, 1999–2000
* Ayrshire (Ardrossan & Saltcoats Herald) Cup winners: 1927–28, 1928–29
* Ayrshire District (Irvine Times) Cup winners: 1929–30, 1948–49
* Ayrshire District League winners: 2002–03

## InfoBox

Lugar Boswell Thistle
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Lugar Boswell Thistle Football Club |
| Nickname(s) | *The Jaggy Bunnets* |
| Founded | 1878 (as Lugar Boswell) |
| Ground | Rosebank Park, Lugar |
| Capacity | 2,000 |
| Manager | George Wallace |
| League | West of Scotland League Third Division |
| 2023–24 | West of Scotland League Fourth Division, 3rd of 16 (promoted) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Lucedale, Mississippi

abstract: Lucedale is a city in George County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,923 at the 2010 census, up from 2,458 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of George County.

text:
# Lucedale, Mississippi

**Lucedale** (/ˈlsdl/) is a city in George County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,923 at the 2010 census, up from 2,458 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of George County.

## History

Lucedale was one of several settlements created after the Mobile, Jackson and Kansas City Railroad penetrated northern Jackson County (now George County) in the late 1890s.

Lucedale was founded in 1901, and was named after Gregory Marston Luce, who operated a lumber business there.

In 1906, a black man was hanged from a telegraph pole near the Lucedale railroad depot by a crowd of 300, after allegedly assaulting a white woman.

Mississippi's first execution by electrocution was administered to a convicted wife-killer in Lucedale in 1940, using the only portable electric chair ever employed in the United States. The "death wagon" and chair had been on display outside the Mississippi capitol prior to arriving in Lucedale, and photos of the execution were published in state newspapers, the executioner commenting: "he died with tears in his eyes for the efficient care I took to give him a good clean burning".

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Lucedale has a total area of 6.4 square miles (16.6 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 797 |  |  |
| 1920 | 629 |  | −21.1% |
| 1930 | 834 |  | 32.6% |
| 1940 | 1,204 |  | 44.4% |
| 1950 | 1,631 |  | 35.5% |
| 1960 | 1,977 |  | 21.2% |
| 1970 | 2,083 |  | 5.4% |
| 1980 | 2,429 |  | 16.6% |
| 1990 | 2,592 |  | 6.7% |
| 2000 | 2,458 |  | −5.2% |
| 2010 | 2,923 |  | 18.9% |
| 2020 | 2,869 |  | −1.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Lucedale racial composition as of 2020
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 1,858 | 64.76% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 753 | 26.25% |
| Native American | 12 | 0.42% |
| Asian | 30 | 1.05% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.03% |
| Other/Mixed | 119 | 4.15% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 96 | 3.35% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,869 people, 975 households, and 504 families residing in the city.

## Arts and culture

Lucedale Public Library is part of the Jackson-George Regional Library System.

## Education

Lucedale is served by the George County School District. As of 2010, the district spends US$6,732 per pupil—63% on instruction, 30% on support services, and 7% on other elementary and secondary expenditures—and 15 students existed for every full-time equivalent teacher.

## Infrastructure

### Highways

### Public safety

Lucedale Police Department consists of a police chief, 11 patrolmen, and one investigator. Lucedale Fire Department was established in 1901, and consists of a fire chief, three firemen, and four volunteer firemen.

### Healthcare

George Regional Hospital in Lucedale is a 50-bed, non-profit, community owned hospital serving George County, Greene County, Stone County, and northern Jackson County.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Lucedale, Mississippi | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| George County Courthouse in Lucedale | |
|  | |
| Motto: "Where People & Progress Meet" | |
| Location of Lucedale, Mississippi | |
| Lucedale, MississippiLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 30°55′29″N 88°35′26″W / 30.92472°N 88.59056°W / 30.92472; -88.59056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | George |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Doug Lee |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.39 sq mi (16.55 km2) |
| Land | 6.39 sq mi (16.55 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 281 ft (86 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,869 |
| Density | 448.91/sq mi (173.33/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 39452 |
| Area code(s) | 601, 769 |
| FIPS code | 28-42440 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0672944 |
| Website | cityoflucedale.com |


title: Tarkianite

abstract: Tarkianite is a rhenium sulfide mineral. Its type locality is the Hitura Nickel Mine in Nivala, Finland. It was approved as the first rhenium mineral in 2003 and formally described in 2004.

text:
# Tarkianite

**Tarkianite** is a rhenium sulfide mineral. Its type locality is the Hitura Nickel Mine in Nivala, Finland. It was approved as the first rhenium mineral in 2003 and formally described in 2004.

## InfoBox

| Tarkianite | |
| --- | --- |
| General | |
| Category | Sulfide mineral |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | (Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8 |
| Strunz classification | 2.DB.30 |
| Crystal system | Isometric |
| Identification | |
| Color | Black |
| Luster | Metallic |
| Streak | Black |
| Diaphaneity | Opaque |
| References |  |


title: Tati (film)

abstract: Tati is a 1973 Brazilian drama film directed by Bruno Barreto. It was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.

text:
# Tati (film)

***Tati*** is a 1973 Brazilian drama film directed by Bruno Barreto. It was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Tati | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Bruno Barreto |
| Written by | Bruno Barreto
Miguel Borges |
| Story by | Anibal Machado |
| Produced by | Luiz Carlos Barreto
Lucy Barreto |
| Starring | Daniela Vasconcelos |
| Cinematography | Murilo Salles |
| Edited by | Raimundo Higino |
| Music by | Dori Caymmi
Paulo César Pinheiro |
| Release date | * July 1973 (1973-07) |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | Brazil |
| Language | Portuguese |


title: Tavelån

abstract: Tavelån is a river in southern Västerbotten, Sweden. It is about 50 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 409.9 km⁲. The river rises in Tavelsjön and flows into Tavelfjärden in the Gulf of Bothnia. It passes through the villages of Kvarnfors, Hissjö, Håkmark, Ersmark, Anumark and Innertavle. Tavelån are sometimes incorrectly called "Tavleån".

text:
# Tavelån

**Tavelån** is a river in southern Västerbotten, Sweden. It is about 50 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 409.9 km2. The river rises in Tavelsjön and flows into Tavelfjärden in the Gulf of Bothnia. It passes through the villages of Kvarnfors, Hissjö, Håkmark, Ersmark, Anumark and Innertavle. Tavelån are sometimes incorrectly called "Tavleån".

## InfoBox

| Tavelån | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Sweden |
| County | Västerbotten |
| Municipality | Umeå |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Tavelsjön |
|  | |
| Mouth | Gulf of Bothnia |
| coordinates | 63°46′45″N 20°24′55″E / 63.77917°N 20.41528°E / 63.77917; 20.41528 |
| elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 50 km (31 mi) |
| Basin size | 409.9 km2 (158.3 sq mi) |


title: Luis Almonte

abstract: Luis Almonte is a Dominican record producer, audio engineer, mixing engineer, multi-instrumentalist, and songwriter. His production, songwriting, and mixing credits include Miguelito, single, which won the 2008 Grammy Award for Grammy Award for Best Latin Urban Album.

text:
# Luis Almonte

**Luis Almonte** (born January 19, 1963) is a Dominican record producer, audio engineer, mixing engineer, multi-instrumentalist, and songwriter. His production, songwriting, and mixing credits include Miguelito, single, which won the 2008 Grammy Award for Grammy Award for Best Latin Urban Album.

## Early life

Almonte was born and raised in En Villa Fundacion, Bani Provincia Peravia in Dominican Republic.

## Discography

### Producer and writer discography

| Release year | Artist | Album | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Voltio | Frente a Frente |  |
| 2010 | Miguelito | "Todo el Mundo" |  |
| 2007 | Vico C | "Babilla" |  |
| 2004 | Zion & Lennox | *Motivando a la Yal* |  |

Official website

## InfoBox

| Luis Almonte | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1963-01-19) January 19, 1963<br>Baní, Dominican Republic. |
| Occupation(s) | Record producer, songwriter, audio engineer, mixing engineer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar, keyboards, bass, drums, percussion |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.luisalmonte.com |


title: Luigi Hugues

abstract:
Luigi Hugues was an Italian academic geographer and accomplished amateur musician. He is best known today as a composer and arranger of virtuoso works for the flute, and for his contributions to the teaching and history of geography. Hughes was born in Casale Monferrato, today in the Province of Alessandria, Piedmont. He trained originally as an engineer, and taught in various technical institutes before becoming a professor of geography within the Faculty of Letters at the University of Turin in 1897. Luigi Hugues died in Casale Monferrato at the age of 76. Viale Luigi Hugues, a street in Turin, is named in his honour. Although Hugues’ musical works are recognized for their instrumental virtuosity, they are not always taken entirely seriously. Flautist and teacher Fenwick Smith refers to their “brilliance and vacuity” and writes of the Grand Concert Fantasy on Verdi’s Ballo in Maschera:
“With a flutist’s knowledge of the instrument, which permits him to conjure more notes per square inch than Verdi ever dreamed of, and with the Italians’ sure sense of drama, Hugues has concocted a paragon among potboilers.”

text:
# Luigi Hugues

**Luigi Hugues** (27 October 1836 – 5 March 1913) was an Italian academic geographer and accomplished amateur musician. He is best known today as a composer and arranger of virtuoso works for the flute, and for his contributions to the teaching and history of geography.

Hughes was born in Casale Monferrato, today in the Province of Alessandria, Piedmont. He trained originally as an engineer, and taught in various technical institutes before becoming a professor of geography within the Faculty of Letters at the University of Turin in 1897.

Luigi Hugues died in Casale Monferrato at the age of 76. *Viale Luigi Hugues*, a street in Turin, is named in his honour.

Although Hugues’ musical works are recognized for their instrumental virtuosity, they are not always taken entirely seriously. Flautist and teacher Fenwick Smith refers to their “brilliance and vacuity” and writes of the *Grand Concert Fantasy on Verdi’s Ballo in Maschera*:

> “With a flutist’s knowledge of the instrument, which permits him to conjure more notes per square inch than Verdi ever dreamed of, and with the Italians’ sure sense of drama, Hugues has concocted a paragon among potboilers.”

* Paola Sereno (2005-07-15). "Luigi Hugues". Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Archived from the original on 2007-06-27.
* *"Contributo alla prima biografia di Pietro Eugenio Luigi Hugues*  (Casale Monferrato, 27 ottobre 1836-ivi, 5 marzo 1913)." ed. Comune di Casale Monferrato - A cura di Claudio Paradiso. Casale Monferrato (Alessandria), 2001; pp. 366, 12 ill., cm 16x23


title: Luigi Infantino

abstract: Luigi Infantino was an Italian operatic tenor, particularly associated with the lyric Italian and French repertories. Luigi Infantino was born in Racalmuto, and studied at the Parma Conservatory with Italo Brancucci. He made his debut in 1943, at the Teatro Regio in Parma, as Rodolfo in La bohème, which was also his debut role at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples, in 1945. With that company, he appeared in London as the Duke in Rigoletto, and Rodolfo. In 1948, he made his debut at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, as Nadir in Les pêcheurs de perles, later singing Ramiro in La cenerentola, which he also sang that same year at the Verona Arena. The tenor sang regularly in Naples and Bologna, and made guest appearances at the New York City Opera in 1947: La traviata, Rigoletto, Madama Butterfly, La bohème, Il barbiere di Siviglia and Don Giovanni. In 1949, the tenor went on a concert-tour of England and Australia. In 1954, at the Teatro Fenice in Venice, Infantino sang Edgardo to the Lucia of Maria Callas, in Lucia di Lammermoor. Infantino toured England again in 1957 giving a concert at Cheltenham among others. At the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, he created Amleto, by Mario Zefred, in 1961, and La stirpe di Davide by Franco Mannino, in 1962. In 1964 Infantino reprised his role of Edgardo at the Bombay Opera in India, with soprano Celia Baptista as his Lucia. He was also active throughout his career singing on Italian Radio (RAI), where he gave his last performance in 1973, in Mannino's Il diavolo in giardino. A stylish lyric tenor with an attractive voice, Infantino can be heard in complete recordings of La traviata and Il barbiere di Siviglia. There is also a live recording of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, sung in Italian. Infantino died in Rome, aged 70.

text:
# Luigi Infantino

**Luigi Infantino** (Italian: \[luˈiːdʒi iɱfanˈtiːno\]; 24 April 1921 – 22 June 1991) was an Italian operatic tenor, particularly associated with the lyric Italian and French repertories.

Luigi Infantino was born in Racalmuto, and studied at the Parma Conservatory with Italo Brancucci. He made his debut in 1943, at the Teatro Regio in Parma, as Rodolfo in *La bohème*, which was also his debut role at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples, in 1945. With that company, he appeared in London as the Duke in *Rigoletto*, and Rodolfo. In 1948, he made his debut at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, as Nadir in *Les pêcheurs de perles*, later singing Ramiro in *La cenerentola*, which he also sang that same year at the Verona Arena.

The tenor sang regularly in Naples and Bologna, and made guest appearances at the New York City Opera in 1947: *La traviata* (with Enzo Mascherini as Giorgio), *Rigoletto* (opposite Giuseppe Valdengo and Virginia MacWatters), *Madama Butterfly*, *La bohème*, *Il barbiere di Siviglia* (conducted by Julius Rudel) and *Don Giovanni* (in Theodore Komisarjevsky's production). In 1949, the tenor went on a concert-tour of England and Australia. In 1954, at the Teatro Fenice in Venice, Infantino sang Edgardo to the Lucia of Maria Callas, in *Lucia di Lammermoor*. Infantino toured England again in 1957 giving a concert at Cheltenham among others. At the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, he created *Amleto*, by Mario Zefred, in 1961, and *La stirpe di Davide* by Franco Mannino, in 1962. In 1964 Infantino reprised his role of Edgardo at the Bombay Opera in India, with soprano Celia Baptista as his Lucia. He was also active throughout his career singing on Italian Radio (RAI), where he gave his last performance in 1973, in Mannino's *Il diavolo in giardino*.

A stylish lyric tenor with an attractive voice, Infantino can be heard in complete recordings of *La traviata* (EMI, 1946) and *Il barbiere di Siviglia* (Cetra, 1950, opposite Giuseppe Taddei and Giulietta Simionato). There is also a live recording of *Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg*, sung in Italian (Melodram, 1962).

Infantino died in Rome, aged 70.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | *Lucky Luciano* |  |  |
| 1979 | *Christ Stopped at Eboli* |  |  |
| 1981 | *Three Brothers* | 2nd Friend at Bar |  |

## Sources


title: Lunascape (band)

abstract: Lunascape was a Belgian trip hop band founded in the mid-1990s by Kyoko Baertsoen and Walter Hilhorst. The group was initially formed under the name Calyx, but changed it to avoid confusion with a London drum and bass group by the same name. Baertsoen and Hilhorst originally met at the television and film academy in Brussels in 1993, and began working on small-scale musical projects at that time, but their collaboration was interrupted in 1997 when Baertsoen joined the group Hooverphonic and toured Europe with them. On her return she resumed working with Hilhorst on the project that would become Lunascape. Their first two albums, Reflecting Seyelence and Mindstalking, were released only in Europe, but in 2005, their first North American release, Reminiscence, from Dancing Ferret Discs's Noir label, combined tracks from both the previous albums, bringing their music to a new audience. Tracks from Reflecting Seyelence were used in the IMAX 3D movie Haunted Castle. Citing influences ranging from goth pioneers The Sisters of Mercy and Bauhaus to psychedelic acts like Pink Floyd to the ethereal pop of the Cocteau Twins, Lunascape create lush, moody soundscapes, dominated by Baertsoen's distinctive ethereal vocals. Many listeners first encountered them when Rhys Fulber's electronic music project Conjure One recorded a cover of Lunascape's "Tears from the Moon" in 2003, with Sinéad O'Connor on vocals. The Lunascape track "Surrender" received recognition thanks to being the title score for the popular police series Flikken in Belgium and the Netherlands. Dancing Ferret released Lunascape's last album Innerside in April 2008. The band split in December 2008.

text:
# Lunascape (band)

**Lunascape** was a Belgian trip hop band founded in the mid-1990s by Kyoko Baertsoen and Walter Hilhorst. The group was initially formed under the name *Calyx*, but changed it to avoid confusion with a London drum and bass group by the same name.

Baertsoen and Hilhorst originally met at the television and film academy in Brussels in 1993, and began working on small-scale musical projects at that time, but their collaboration was interrupted in 1997 when Baertsoen joined the group Hooverphonic and toured Europe with them. On her return she resumed working with Hilhorst on the project that would become Lunascape. Their first two albums, *Reflecting Seyelence* and *Mindstalking*, were released only in Europe, but in 2005, their first North American release, *Reminiscence*, from Dancing Ferret Discs's Noir label, combined tracks from both the previous albums, bringing their music to a new audience. Tracks from *Reflecting Seyelence* were used in the IMAX 3D movie *Haunted Castle*.

Citing influences ranging from goth pioneers The Sisters of Mercy and Bauhaus to psychedelic acts like Pink Floyd to the ethereal pop of the Cocteau Twins, Lunascape create lush, moody soundscapes, dominated by Baertsoen's distinctive ethereal vocals. Many listeners first encountered them when Rhys Fulber's electronic music project Conjure One recorded a cover of Lunascape's "Tears from the Moon" in 2003, with Sinéad O'Connor on vocals.

The Lunascape track "Surrender" received recognition thanks to being the title score for the popular police series *Flikken* in Belgium and the Netherlands. Dancing Ferret released Lunascape's last album *Innerside* in April 2008. The band split in December 2008.

## Discography

* *Reflecting Seyelence* (2002)
* *Mindstalking* (2004)
* *Reminiscence* (2005)
* *Innerside* (2008)

1. "Lunascape | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links". *AllMusic*.
2. "Lunascape lands 'Innerside' album".


title: Luigi Persenico

abstract: Luigi Persenico was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel in the early 1900s as midfielder. Persenco played for the first time in Basel's first team on 19 May 1907. It was a friendly match against a combined team from the medical recruit school. To make things fairer, the football team played in a completely different line-up as usual, all defenders played as forwards and vice versa. The Football team won 3–0 against the medical recruits. Actually Persenco played for the Basel reserve team and after this friendly he returned to them. He joined Basel's first team during their 1909–10 season. After playing in two test games Persenco played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the Landhof on 17 October 1909 as Basel won 7–0 against Luzern. During his time in Basel's first team Persenco played a total of 17 games without scoring a goal. Five of these games were in the Swiss Serie A, two in the Anglo-Cup and ten were friendly games.

text:
# Luigi Persenico

**Luigi Persenico** (born 28 July 1889) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel in the early 1900s as midfielder.

Persenco played for the first time in Basel's first team on 19 May 1907. It was a friendly match against a combined team from the medical recruit school. To make things fairer, the football team played in a completely different line-up as usual, all defenders played as forwards and vice versa. The Football team won 3–0 against the medical recruits.

Actually Persenco played for the Basel reserve team and after this friendly he returned to them. He joined Basel's first team during their 1909–10 season. After playing in two test games Persenco played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the Landhof on 17 October 1909 as Basel won 7–0 against Luzern.

During his time in Basel's first team Persenco played a total of 17 games without scoring a goal. Five of these games were in the Swiss Serie A, two in the Anglo-Cup and ten were friendly games.

## Sources

*(NB: Despite all efforts, the editors of these books and the authors in "Basler Fussballarchiv" have failed to be able to identify all the players, their date and place of birth or date and place of death, who played in the games during the early years of FC Basel)*

## InfoBox

Luigi Persenico
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Luigi Persenico | | |
| Date of birth | (1889-07-28)28 July 1889 | | |
| Place of birth | Switzerland | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1906–1910 | FC Basel | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |