title: R. S. Khare

abstract: R. S. Khare is a socio-cultural anthropologist and a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Virginia, U.S. He is known for studying “from within/without” India's changing society, religions, food systems, and political cultures, and for following the trajectories of contemporary Indian traditional and modern cultural discourses. His anthropology has endeavored to widen reasoned bridges across the India-West cultural, religious-philosophical, and literary distinctions and differences.

text:
# R. S. Khare

**R. S. Khare** (born 1936 in Lakhimpur Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India) is a socio-cultural anthropologist and a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Virginia, U.S. He is known for studying “from within/without” India's changing society, religions, food systems, and political cultures, and for following the trajectories of contemporary Indian traditional and modern cultural discourses. His anthropology has endeavored to widen reasoned bridges across the India-West cultural, religious-philosophical, and literary distinctions and differences.

## Career

He obtained his M.A. (1957) and Ph.D. (1962) in socio-cultural anthropology from Lucknow University, India. His doctoral field research (1958–61) concerned the relationships domestic ritual purity-pollution practices had with the health and sanitation issues in a low-caste village near Lucknow. He simultaneously field studied how Lucknow's orthodox Kanyakubja Brahmins modernized. During his postdoctoral fellowship (1963–64) at the University of Chicago, while analyzing his researches, he was exposed to the studies of McKim Marriott and Milton Singer at Chicago, while already familiar with Louis Dumont’s writings on the Indian caste system and civilization. Khare spent 1972 doing additional fieldwork in Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh), explicating the value-practice structures of Indian food, kinship, and ritual systems. The results were written up during a visiting fellowship (1974-75) at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, at Clifford Geertz’s initiative. Khare’s second research phase (1978-1995) included a series of field research trips for studying, first, urban Indian Dalit (the erstwhile Untouchable) communities and their local leaders and intellectuals; second, issues in anthropology of Indian food systems and food ideologies; and, third, aspects in the intellectual history of anthropology in—and on—India (including the contributions of M. N. Srinivas). Khare’s third research phase (1996-2006) involved collaboration with a few prominent north Indian Dalit writers, thinkers, and political leaders in Lucknow, Kanpur and New Delhi, while also developing cultural critiques of the sharpening Indian caste, class, and gender inequalities, religious nationalism, and subaltern identity politics in India. The latest phase (2006-present) has concerned the studies of and issues in Indian modernity amid social diversity; anthropology of globalizing South Asian foods; and the post Cold War reshaping of India-Europe/West cultural dialectics.

Khare established and then chaired anthropology (1957-63) at the Kanya-Kubja College (now Jai Narayan College) in Lucknow. After Chicago, he spent a year (1964-65) in the Anthropology Department at Lucknow University, and moved on to the University of Wisconsin, Green Bay (1966-71) in the U.S. He chaired its newly created multidisciplinary “Modernization Concentration.” In 1971, he joined University of Virginia as professor of anthropology just as anthropology separated as a department from the joint sociology-anthropology unit. At Virginia, he founded and led (1976-1992) an interdisciplinary faculty scholarly activities committee, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Studies and its director, Dean W. Dexter Whitehead, a physicist scholar-administrator. Concurrently, he chaired an International Commission on the Anthropology of Food. During 1990–91, Khare was a fellow of the university's Commonwealth Center for Literary and Cultural Change. He later became Interim Chair (2000–01) of the Department of Anthropology. In May 2004, he gave the XI D.N. Majumdar Memorial Lecture at his alma mater, Lucknow University (see principal publications). He has chaired the Center on Critical Human Survival Issues from Fall 1998 to December, 2018.

The major universities and research institutions where Khare has visited as a visiting faculty or fellow include: University of Chicago (1970); Indian Institute of Advanced Studies in Shimla, India (1971); École des Hautes Études en sciences sociales, Paris (Fall 1972); the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (fellow, 1974–75); Wolfson College and the Institute of Socio-Cultural Anthropology, Oxford University, U.K. (elected visiting fellow, winter and spring 1979–80, and again in May–June 1990); and Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Germany (visiting fellow, 1996–97).

## Contributions

Khare intensively studied for two decades contemporary India's social “top” (i.e., Kanyakubja Brahmins and Upper Castes) and the “bottom” (Dalits). His early studies explicated how the changing caste/class hierarchies impacted orthodox Hindu hearth and family, and kinship and community. These led to showing how ideologically deeply rooted and distinct were the conceptions of Indic personhood, agency, social relations, food thoughts, social-ritual practices, and the associated cosmological semiotics. But politically to Dalits, this privileged upper-caste Indian worldview had long festered with glairing moral blindness and socioeconomic inequalities and injustices, instigating twentieth century Dalits to demand their rightful moral-social, material and political rights. To do so was also to re-forge assertively their new identity, ideology, and pragmatic modern political activism. For Khare, studying Dalits also meant, inter alia, critically reevaluating approaches of Louis Dumont and McKim Marriott to Indian caste society and civilization. Khare's comparative critique employed the multi-stringed approach inherent in Indian traditional modern thought ways, agencies and actions. Dumont's mutually exclusive and “opposed” India-West ideological structures, by contrast, had precluded, for example, any and all the different Indic constructions of individual self, personhood and agency. Dumont had hence long attracted criticisms. Similarly, Marriott's rigorous attempts to create a comprehensive parsimonious transactional model for “the Hindu world” also excluded the crucial moral-spiritual self-locations (e.g. of reformist devotional saints) and their attendant intentional practical-political messages and agencies. For Marriott, all that was crucially Hindu had to be foundationally transactional.

Khare's 1984 study outlined an alternative Indic model of the individual based on his work on Dalits and their thinkers. It showed how Dalit ascetics (among other saints) had long identified an activist spiritual-moral self to launch potent moral-social-political critiques of the upper-caste world and its biased and truncated worldview. Arjun Appadurai had soon offered, reviewing similar newer research initiatives, a critical historical-cultural evaluation of Dumont's views on India. Khare turned to explicate different reasoning platforms that the Indic/Hindu/Indian “cultural logic” followed in life, tracing the roles of intentions in Hindu reasoning patterns, and of social inequalities and conflicts in Indian traditional modern life quandaries. As thus both esoteric and exoteric India struggled, if mostly messily and imperfectly, amid the challenged ideals, norms and social privileges, then a suitably readapted sociology-anthropology was also sought (e.g., as Srinivas's studies showed). Both strands had critically magnified during the nineties India. The Islamic moral-social-legal issues in Muslim life were no less affected, requiring, as Khare's anthology underscored, closer studies of the Islamic sectarian and inter-sectarian positions, and of vexing societal and moral-legal-medical issues, whether it was in India or elsewhere. Latest, globalizing India is flooded with newer historical-cultural, literary and multi-media representations, all clamoring to frame this new century India vis-à-vis, mainly, Western Europe and America. Posing this change, D. Shyam Babu, a Dalit researcher-journalist, in collaboration with Khare, assembled a cluster of autobiographic narratives to show how, in actual life, one still encountered caste inequalities in India.

Among Khare's professional contributions, two broad areas stand out, one relating to the interdisciplinary initiatives and organizations developed mostly at or from University of Virginia, and the other in starting and establishing the International Commission on Anthropology of Food.

## Interdisciplinary studies at University of Virginia

From 1976 to 1992, Khare led a wide-ranging interdisciplinary faculty committee for scholarly collaboration at the University of Virginia. The Committee on the Comparative Study of Society and Culture was sponsored by the then Center for Advanced Studies. Composed of distinguished university faculty members, the committee engaged wide-ranging topics by inviting scholars, holding conferences, lecture series, symposia, or single-day colloquia. Some scholars joined onto specific writing projects. The committee's work led to a series of publications (lasting until 1994), including a series of Working Papers

The “Center on Critical Human Survival Issues”, a multidisciplinary faculty-student collaborative, was started in 1998 at University of Virginia and continues to the present. It sought to discuss through multidisciplinary collaboration crucial human survival issues that arose during the late twentieth- and early twenty-first century, consciously fostering active faculty-student collaboration to identify issues for exploration and to execute programming on such issues. Among the publications have been the research and conference proceedings, sponsored books, and selected program video/DVD recordings.

## International Commission on Anthropology of Food

In 1977, Khare initiated the International Commission on Anthropology of Food and Food Problems (or ICAF), sponsored by the International Union of Anthropologists and Ethnologists. The international commission promoted global anthropological studies of regional and national food systems, nutritional issues, and hunger problems. Beginning in 1978, he invited Mary Douglas, then at the Russell Sage Foundation, to be the co-chair of the commission. The initial planning meetings were held at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research in New York and in Philadelphia to organize internationally and to participate in the 10th International Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists in New Delhi, India, in December 1978. The Commission formed several regional transnational Working Groups in North America, Europe, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Igor de Garine led the European Regional Group. The first international brochure and newsletter for the commission was put out in 1980. The first ICAF Occasional Report was published in April 1981 to collect a) different national, transnational, and global food and nutrition research and b) teaching and policy-related initiatives relevant to the anthropology of food and food problems. Douglas and Khare (1979) statement on the Commission outlined the anthropological background of the commission and ambitiously looked ahead to collaboration with social sciences, and international policy and research organizations. Both Khare and Douglas published their studies of food/culinary structures, rituals and food sharing were published. Douglas left the Commission in 1984.

In 1985, Professor G. Ainsworth Harrison, a biological anthropologist at University of Oxford (U.K.), joined the commission as its vice-chair, to help focus the commission's work on bio-cultural issues and to relate food issues to fragile ecological and environmental conditions in different world regions. The ICAF Occasional Reports (issued between 1986 -1992) recorded the resulting activities, including several collaborative international research activities, visiting lectures, conferences, and research publications.

The ICAF continues today. Reconfigured and with a major focus on the European and American countries and western cultures, the commission now operates in Barcelona, Spain, under Prof. Dr. F. Xavier Medina's leadership.

## Principal publications

* "The Changing Brahmans: Associations and Elites among the Kanya-Kubjas of North India." Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1970.
* "The Hindu Hearth and Home," Delhi: Vikas Publications, 1976a.
* "Culture and Reality: Essays on the Hindu System of Managing Foods," Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Studies Shimla, 1976b.
* "The Untouchable as himself: Ideology, Identity and Pragmatism among the Lucknow Chamars." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
* "Culture and Democracy: Anthropological Reflections on Modern India." Lanham (MD): University Press of America. 1985.
* "Food, Society and Culture," Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1986 (with M. S. A. Rao)
* "The Eternal Food: Gastronomic ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists," New York: SUNY Press, 1992.
* "Cultural Diversity and Social Discontent: Anthropological Studies on Contemporary India," Delhi: Sage, 1998.
* "Perspectives on Islamic Law, Justice and Society." Lanham, MD, New York: Rowmen and Littlefield, 1999.
* "Strands in Cultural Imagination: Interpreting Scholarly Itineraries in Indian Anthropology," *Eastern Anthropologist*, Vol. 58, no. 1, 2005.
* "Caste, Hierarchy, and Individualism: Indian Critiques of Louis Dumont’s Contributions"*Oxford in India Readings in Sociology and Social Anthropology* New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006.
* “India and the West”(Special journal volume on Globalizing History and Culture), *New Literary History* Vol. 40, No. 2, 2009 (with Ralph Cohen).
* "Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities." Delhi: Pearson, 2011 (with D. Shyam Babu).

## Selected recent articles

* “Looking Back to Look Ahead” in *Curried Cultures: Globalization, Indian Food and the Urban Middle Class*. Eds.: Krishnendu Ray and Tulasi Srinivas. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press. 2012.
* “The *Unch-nich* Challenge in Life: Changing Locations, Forces and Meanings” in *Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities,* Eds. D. Shyam Babu and R. S. Khare, Delhi: Pearson, 2011.
* “Changing India-West Cultural Dialectics,” *New Literary History* (Symposium Issue: India and the West). Vol. 40, No. 2, Spring 2009.
* “Anthropology, India and the Academic Self: A Disciplinary Journey between Two Cultures over Four Decades,” *India Review*, Vol. 7, no. 4, 2008.
* “Afterword,” in *Caste, Hierarchy and Individualism: Indian Critiques of Louis Dumont’s Contributions*. Ed. R. S. Khare, (Second Paperback Edition). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2009.
* “Value Oppositions and Hierarchy: Indian Discussions of Louis Dumont’s Works,” in *Caste, Hierarchy and Individualism: Indian Critiques of Louis Dumont’s Contributions*. Ed. R. S. Khare, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2006.
* “Strands in Cultural Imagination: Interpreting Scholarly Itineraries in Indian Anthropology,” XI D. N. Majumdar Memorial Lecture—2004. *Eastern Anthropologist,* Volume 58, No.1, 2005.
* “ANNA (Food)” in *The Hindu World*. Eds. Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby. New York: Routledge. 2004.
* “Dalits and the Indian Constitution at Fifty: Issues in Changing Cultural Identity and Public Debates,” in *Rights and Privileges: Fifty Years of the Indian Constitution. Eds. Ajit Jain, Jesse S. Palsetia, and N. K. Wagle, (South Asian Studies Papers, No. 15). Toronto: University of Toronto. 2003.*

## InfoBox

| R. S. Khare | |
| --- | --- |
| R.S. Khare in 1970 | |
| Born | Ravindra S. Khare
(1936-09-23)September 23, 1936
Lakimpur-Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Education | M.A., Lucknow University (1957)
Ph.D., Lucknow University (1962) |
| Occupation | Anthropologist |
| Website | anthropology.as.dev.artscid9.virginia.edu/people/ravindra-khare |


title: Gålå

abstract: Gålå is a village in Sør-Fron Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Gudbrandsdal valley, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the southwest of the village of Hundorp. Gålå is located on the eastern shore of the lake Gålåvatnet. Gålå is located on a mountain plateau that sits about 930 metres (3,050 ft) above sea level. There are two main roads that connect Gålå to the rest of Sør-Fron. The main road is a fully maintained road that heads north to Harpefoss. The other road is the Peer Gynt Road. That mountain road is only open in the summer months. The village also has a small airport, Wadahl flyplass. Gålå is the site of the hotels Wadahl Høgfjellshotel and Gålå Høgfjellshotell. It is also the location of Gålå Fjellgrend, a ski resort catering for both winter and summer leisure activities. Gålå is the location of a ten-day summer cultural festival known as the Peer Gynt Festival set against the background of Lake Gålå (Gålåvatnet). The festival includes performances of Peer Gynt, a five-act play by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen.

text:
# Gålå

**Gålå** is a village in Sør-Fron Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Gudbrandsdal valley, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the southwest of the village of Hundorp. Gålå is located on the eastern shore of the lake Gålåvatnet.

Gålå is located on a mountain plateau that sits about 930 metres (3,050 ft) above sea level. There are two main roads that connect Gålå to the rest of Sør-Fron. The main road is a fully maintained road that heads north to Harpefoss. The other road is the Peer Gynt Road (*Peer Gyntveien*). That mountain road is only open in the summer months. The village also has a small airport, Wadahl flyplass.

Gålå is the site of the hotels *Wadahl Høgfjellshotel* and *Gålå Høgfjellshotell*. It is also the location of *Gålå Fjellgrend*, a ski resort catering for both winter and summer leisure activities.

Gålå is the location of a ten-day summer cultural festival known as the Peer Gynt Festival (*Peer Gynt Stemnet*) set against the background of Lake Gålå (*Gålåvatnet*). The festival includes performances of *Peer Gynt*, a five-act play by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen.

## Etymology

The village is named after the old *Gålå* mountain farm. The mountain farm is named after the nearby lake Gålåvatnet. The lake is named after the river *Golo*. The Old Norse form of the river name was probably *Gola* and is then derived from the verb *gola* meaning "howl", "yell", or "scream". The river has a steep fall, and makes a lot of noise.

## InfoBox

| Gålå | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| View of the village (June 2005) | |
| GålåLocation of the villageGålåGålå (Norway) | |
| Coordinates: 61°30′21″N 9°47′05″E / 61.50571°N 9.78481°E / 61.50571; 9.78481 | |
| Country | Norway |
| Region | Eastern Norway |
| County | Innlandet |
| District | Gudbrandsdalen |
| Municipality | Sør-Fron Municipality |
| Elevation | 910 m (2,990 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Post Code | 2646 Gålå |


title: Lawrence Wnuk

abstract:
Lawrence (Wawrzyniec) Anthony Wnuk, was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and Protonotary Apostolic. He grew up in a Catholic and patriotic Polish family. In 1928, after completing gymnasium in Nakło nad Notecią, Poland he entered Seminary in Gniezno, where he studied under professors Rev. Kazimierz Rolewski, Rev. Aleksander Żychliński, Father Michał Kozal. He was ordained in 1933 by Cardinal August Hlond and began work as an assistant in parishes in Inowrocław and from 1938 in Gniezno. When the Second World War erupted in 1939, he was arrested by the Gestapo and sent to Piotrków Trybunalski. On August 15, 1943 he was arrested again and taken to Oświęcim (Auschwitz) concentration camp. There he caught the Typhus and fought for weeks with death. In June 1944, the Soviet offensive prompted the Germans to evacuate the camp to cover up their atrocities. Together with a couple of thousand of other Poles and Russians he was moved to Buchenwald, then Dachau. After the evacuation of Dachau, with a group of 380 other surviving prisoners he found himself in Kleinmuhlingen, where he was finally freed by the American Seventh Army on April 29, 1945. After a period of convalescence he began his pastoral work in the camps for displaced persons in Westphalia, Germany. In 1947 he was appointed chaplain in Allied prison in Werl near Soest. In 1949 Archbishop Józef Gawlina appointed him a chief coordinator for pastoral work in the British zone of occupied Germany. In 1951 the Church authorities requested that he move to the United States. He worked in the St. Władysław Parish in Hamtramck in the Archdiocese of Detroit. There he also led the Polish Veterans’ Association. In 1957 he was transferred to build a church and to establish new Polish Parish in Chatham, in the Archdiocese of London, Ontario, Canada. Four years later, in 1961, he took over the pastoral duties in the Holy Trinity Polish Parish in Windsor, Ontario. He worked there for 22 years until his retirement in 1983. Through his efforts in 1965, first Convent of Polish Ursuline Sisters, Congregatio Sororum Ursulinarum a Sacro Corde Iesu Agonizantis, was established in Windsor. He contributed to numerous initiatives and supported various foundations, stipends at universities, helped religious charities, and helped many persons privately. In 1977, he founded the Polish Canadian Centre Association of Windsor. A year later, he helped found the Polonia Centre of Windsor, a non-profit charitable organization that conducts cultural activities in the Polish community. In 1979, he was instrumental in creating the Polonia Park Housing Project that built 342 townhouses and apartments for low-income families in Windsor. In 1986, he once again influenced the construction of 69 apartments for low-income families at the Villa Polonia Housing Project in Windsor. He was a Prelate Monsignor and in 1985 he received the title of Protonotary Apostolic for Pope John Paul II. In recognition of his achievements, Msgr. Wnuk received numerous citations and awards. These include:
  - 1992 the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal;
  - 1994 Order of Polonia Restituta, from the Polish Government;
  - Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Polish Republic
  - MEDA Charitable Trust — the Exemplary Citizenship Award for religion, from Assumption University;
  - 1999 Medal from the University of Nicholas Copernicus, Poland for special care over stipends and financial support of the Dept. of Astronomy;
  - 2001 the International Year of Volunteer Certificate of Appreciation;
  - 2002 the Golden Jubilee Medal, from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II;
  - 2005 the Order of the Province of Ontario
  - Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg... the list is incomplete 24 August 2006 was buried in sanctuary of Saint Urszula Ledóchowska in Pniewy, Poland.

text:
# Lawrence Wnuk

**Lawrence (Wawrzyniec) Anthony Wnuk**, OOnt (August 6, 1908 in Witrogoszcz, German Empire (now Poland) – August 6, 2006 in Windsor, Ontario, Canada) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest and Protonotary Apostolic.

He grew up in a Catholic and patriotic Polish family. In 1928, after completing gymnasium in Nakło nad Notecią, Poland he entered Seminary in Gniezno, where he studied under professors Rev. Kazimierz Rolewski, Rev. Aleksander Żychliński, Father Michał Kozal (beatified martyr from Dachau). He was ordained in 1933 by Cardinal August Hlond and began work as an assistant in parishes in Inowrocław and from 1938 in Gniezno.

When the Second World War erupted in 1939, he was arrested by the Gestapo and sent to Piotrków Trybunalski. On August 15, 1943 he was arrested again and taken to Oświęcim (Auschwitz) concentration camp. There he caught the Typhus and fought for weeks with death.

In June 1944, the Soviet offensive prompted the Germans to evacuate the camp to cover up their atrocities. Together with a couple of thousand of other Poles and Russians he was moved to Buchenwald, then Dachau. After the evacuation of Dachau, with a group of 380 other surviving prisoners he found himself in Kleinmuhlingen, where he was finally freed (a friend of his, stated in a eulogy that he was found barely clinging to life after being tossed for dead by the escaping Germans onto a pile of corpses) by the American Seventh Army on April 29, 1945.

After a period of convalescence he began his pastoral work in the camps for displaced persons in Westphalia, Germany. In 1947 he was appointed chaplain in Allied prison in Werl near Soest. In 1949 Archbishop Józef Gawlina appointed him a chief coordinator for pastoral work in the British zone of occupied Germany.

In 1951 the Church authorities requested that he move to the United States. He worked in the St. Władysław (St. Ladislaus) Parish in Hamtramck in the Archdiocese of Detroit. There he also led the Polish Veterans’ Association.

In 1957 he was transferred to build a church and to establish new Polish Parish (Our Lady of Victory) in Chatham, in the Archdiocese of London, Ontario, Canada. Four years later, in 1961, he took over the pastoral duties in the Holy Trinity Polish Parish in Windsor, Ontario. He worked there for 22 years until his retirement in 1983. Through his efforts in 1965, first Convent of Polish Ursuline Sisters, Congregatio Sororum Ursulinarum a Sacro Corde Iesu Agonizantis, was established in Windsor.

He contributed to numerous initiatives and supported various foundations, stipends at universities, helped religious charities, and helped many persons privately.

In 1977, he founded the Polish Canadian Centre Association of Windsor. A year later, he helped found the Polonia Centre of Windsor, a non-profit charitable organization that conducts cultural activities in the Polish community.

In 1979, he was instrumental in creating the Polonia Park Housing Project that built 342 townhouses and apartments for low-income families in Windsor. In 1986, he once again influenced the construction of 69 apartments for low-income families at the Villa Polonia Housing Project in Windsor.

He was a Prelate Monsignor and in 1985 he received the title of Protonotary Apostolic for Pope John Paul II. In recognition of his achievements, Msgr. Wnuk received numerous citations and awards. These include:

... the list is incomplete

24 August 2006 was buried in sanctuary of Saint Urszula Ledóchowska in Pniewy, Poland.

"I am one of 51 Polish Catholic priests who walked out of the concentration camp at Auschwitz alive. I stand before you, perhaps, as the last witness."


title: Ilovača

abstract: Ilovača is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Ilovača

**Ilovača**  is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 171.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 167 | 97.7% |
| Serbs | 1 | 0.6% |
| other/undeclared | 3 | 1.8% |
| **Total** | **171** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Ilovača | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ilovača | |
| Coordinates: 43°38′N 18°49′E / 43.633°N 18.817°E / 43.633; 18.817 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Bosnian-Podrinje Goražde |
| Municipality | Goražde |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.88 sq mi (2.29 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 171 |
| Density | 190/sq mi (75/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Oklahoma State Highway 32

abstract: State Highway 32 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The highway runs from west to east across the southern part of the state, just north of the Red River. The route begins at US-81 in Ryan and ends at US-70 in Kingston, a length of 77.3 miles (124.4 km). SH-32 was first added to the state highway system at the end of 1934; none of the highway as created is part of the present-day SH-32. SH-32 is also linked with SH-199—part of SH-32 was spun off to create SH-199 in 1938.

text:
# Oklahoma State Highway 32

**State Highway 32** (**SH-32** or **OK-32**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The highway runs from west to east across the southern part of the state, just north of the Red River. The route begins at US-81 in Ryan and ends at US-70 in Kingston, a length of 77.3 miles (124.4 km).

SH-32 was first added to the state highway system at the end of 1934; none of the highway as created is part of the present-day SH-32 (having been encroached upon by US-70). SH-32 is also linked with SH-199—part of SH-32 was spun off to create SH-199 in 1938.

## Route description

SH-32 begins at US-81 in Ryan, where it follows the street grid, heading in a northeast direction. As the route leaves Ryan, it turns onto a due east course. It is 17 miles (27 km) until the next town, Grady. SH-32 turns to the southeast to serve this town. Six more miles (10 km) from Grady, SH-32 meets another highway for the first time, SH-89. At the junction, SH-32 turns south, overlapping SH-89 for six miles (10 km). While concurrent, the two highways pass through the unincorporated community of Petersburg, then turn to the west. The two routes divide at Courtney, where SH-89 heads south towards the Red River and Texas.

SH-32 continues east from Courtney, crossing over Mud Creek, then passing through unincorporated Rubottom. East of Rubottom, the highway comes to the intersection with SH-76. The next unincorporated community SH-32 passes through is Turner. Eight miles (13 km) east of the SH-76 junction, at Dunbar, SH-32 serves as the northern terminus of SH-96, which serves Burneyville.

Nine miles (14 km) east of Burneyville, SH-32 has an interchange with I-35 outside Marietta, the seat of Love County. Soon after passing I-35, SH-32 forms a brief concurrency with US-77, and passes through Marietta. East of town, the route comes to a junction with SH-77S (one of SH-77S's four termini). SH-32 continues east, following the curve of Lake Texoma's shoreline, passing through Lebanon. The highway then intersects with SH-99C.

Five miles (8 km) east of SH-99C, SH-32 crosses US-377/SH-99. Two miles (3 km) further east, SH-32 acts as the southern endpoint of SH-70F. Two miles (3 km) after that, SH-32 ends at US-70 in Kingston.

## History

State Highway 32 was commissioned on December 12, 1934. As originally created, the route ran from SH-14 (present-day US-183) in Davidson to Waurika, passing through the towns of Grandfield, Devol, and Randlett and the counties of Tillman, Cotton, and Jefferson. SH-32 was extended to cover approximately the west half of its present-day route on June 16, 1936; the route's new eastern terminus was US-77 in Marietta. On March 29, 1937, the highway was expanded even further east to end at US-70 in Madill. This extension was split off to form SH-199 on October 13, 1938.

Meanwhile, changes were occurring in the eastern part of Jefferson County. The portion of highway from Ryan east to the Love County line was removed from the highway system on December 31, 1937. As a result, SH-32 was discontiguous; one section stretched from Davidson to Ryan, while another began at a spur ending at the Jefferson–Love county line and continued east from there. The portion of SH-32 concurrent with US-81 between Waurika and Ryan, once necessary to connect to the now-decommissioned road, was removed on February 24, 1938. Both of these sections of road were reinstated as part of SH-32 on February 29, 1944.

Changes in the routing of US-70 in the 1930s and 1940s resulted in the western part of SH-32 becoming concurrent with the U.S. highway through southwest Oklahoma during the late-1930s. US-70 as first designated in Oklahoma crossed into the state north of Burkburnett, Texas and intersected SH-32 in Randlett; continuing north of SH-32, the U.S. highway turned east, running through Walters. In Comanche, US-70 turned south along US-81 and followed it until reaching the present-day US-70 routing in Waurika. Between Randlett and Waurika, SH-32 provided a much more direct route. On May 6, 1936, US-70 was realigned to follow SH-32 between these two cities. On March 3, 1945, US-70 was realigned again. This brought the highway into Oklahoma much earlier, crossing the Red River much further west, in effect bypassing Wichita Falls, Texas. As a result of the realignment, US-70 intersected SH-32 at its western terminus in Davidson and followed it all the way to Waurika. The westernmost 64 miles (103 km) of SH-32 (as measured along the present-day US-70 alignment) were concurrent with US-70.

SH-32 was resumed its expansion to the east on September 16, 1946. On that date, the highway's eastern terminus was set at its present location at US-70 in Kingston. Much of this extension reclaimed for SH-32 the stretch of road lost by the creation of SH-199. At this time, SH-32 was at its zenith; stretching from Davidson to Kingston, the route covered a total of 152 miles (245 km) along present-day roads. However, the westernmost 64 miles (103 km) of SH-32 still overlapped US-70.

On September 6, 1966, after over twenty years of cosignage, SH-32 was truncated to its current western terminus in Ryan. Everything west of Waurika was now solely US-70. After the truncation of 1966, SH-32 had the same route that it does today.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jefferson | Ryan | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 81 | Western terminus |
| |  | 23.3 | 37.5 | SH-89 | Western end of SH-89 concurrency |
| Love | Courtney | 29.5 | 47.5 | SH-89 | Eastern end of SH-89 concurrency |
| |  | 34.5 | 55.5 | SH-76 |  |
| | Dunbar | 42.5 | 68.4 | SH-96 | Northern terminus of SH-96 |
| | Marietta | 51.0 | 82.1 | I-35 | I-35 exit 15 |
| | 51.5 | 82.9 | US 77 | Northern end of US-77 concurrency |
| | 51.7 | 83.2 | US 77 | Southern end of US-77 concurrency |
| | 53.8 | 86.6 | SH-77S | 2nd terminus of SH-77S going clockwise (southernmost terminus) |
| Marshall |  | 68.2 | 109.8 | SH-99C | Southern terminus of SH-99C |
| |  | 73.1 | 117.6 | US 377 / SH-99 |  |
| | Kingston | 77.3 | 124.4 | US 70 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Oklahoma State Highway 32KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Highway 32 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by ODOT | |
| Length | 77.3 mi (124.4 km) |
| Existed | December 12, 1934–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | US 81 in Ryan |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | US 70 in Kingston |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Oklahoma State Highway System** | |
| SH-31   SH-33 | |


title: Humilladero

abstract: Humilladero is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located in the comarca of Antequera. The municipality is situated on the border with the province of Seville and 78 kilometers from the city of Málaga and 528 km from Madrid. It has a population of approximately 3,300 residents.

text:
# Humilladero

**Humilladero** is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located in the comarca of Antequera. The municipality is situated on the border with the province of Seville and 78 kilometers from the city of Málaga and 528 km from Madrid. It has a population of approximately 3,300 residents.

## InfoBox

| Humilladero | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish church of Humilladero | |
|  | |
| HumilladeroHumilladeroHumilladero | |
| Coordinates: 37°06′53″N 4°42′10″W / 37.11472°N 4.70278°W / 37.11472; -4.70278 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Province | Málaga |
| Comarca | Antequera |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Félix Doblas Sanzo |
| Area | |
| Total | 35 km2 (14 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 454 m (1,490 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 3,310 |
| Density | 95/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Humilladerenses |
| Website | www.humilladero.org |


abstract: The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was a state sector organisation of New Zealand which dealt with matters relating to agriculture, forestry and biosecurity. It was commonly known by its acronym, "MAF". In April 2012, it became part of the newly formed Ministry for Primary Industries.

text:
# Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (New Zealand)

The **Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry** (in Māori, *Te Manatu Ahuwhenua, Ngāherehere*) was a state sector organisation of New Zealand which dealt with matters relating to agriculture, forestry and biosecurity. It was commonly known by its acronym, "**MAF**".

In April 2012, it became part of the newly formed Ministry for Primary Industries.

## History

The New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was formerly known as the *Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries*, but in 1995 responsibilities for fisheries were passed to the newly formed Ministry of Fisheries. However, the government of New Zealand decided that, despite the loss of Fisheries, the newly created *Ministry of Agriculture* should continue to be known by the acronym "MAF", and should still use the same logo, because of the high recognition and regard for the name and logo amongst the country's overseas trading partners. In 1998, this Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Forestry merged to become the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

On 1 July 2010, the Food Safety Authority and MAF were amalgamated, and on 1 July 2011 the Ministry of Fisheries was also merged into MAF. MAF in turn merged with the New Zealand Food Safety Authority in April 2012 to form the Ministry for Primary Industries. The name change proved problematic however, with New Zealand shipments of meat prevented from entering the lucrative Chinese market due to incorrect documentation.

The Sixth Labour government announced it would break up MPI and re-established the separate portfolios of Minister of Agriculture, Minister for Biosecurity and Minister of Forestry. However, MPI was not disestablished; instead, it was restructured with Biosecurity New Zealand and Forestry New Zealand established as new business groups within the larger agency, alongside an agriculture and investment services unit.

## Responsibilities

The ministry was responsible for biosecurity, managing New Zealand's state forests, supporting rural communities, ensuring the humane and responsible use of animals, and helping win access to overseas markets for New Zealand products. It also worked to promote sustainability in the New Zealand rural sector, and managed land, water and irrigation in rural New Zealand.

New Biosecurity Document Management Software for MPI Approved Transitional Facilities

## InfoBox

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
| Te Manatu Ahuwhenua, Ngāherehere | |
| --- | --- |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry logo | |
| Agency overview | |
| Jurisdiction | New Zealand |


title: John Gooders

abstract: John Gooders was a British writer who first came to prominence with his first book Where to Watch Birds. At the time he was a teacher, and a lecturer at Avery Hill College.

text:
# John Gooders

**John Gooders** (10 January 1937 – 18 May 2010) was a British writer who first came to prominence with his first book *Where to Watch Birds*. At the time he was a teacher, and a lecturer at Avery Hill College.

## Career in television

In 1970, after taking two months off on the Churchill Fellowship in which he studied bird migration through North Africa, he launched his own magazine called *The World of Birds*. He then finished up working for Anglia Television's *Survival* series, and edited the company's house magazine *The World of Survival*.

He appeared in the 1975 BBC programme *In Deepest Britain*, with Richard Mabey and other naturalists, giving an unscripted narration of the wildlife observed during a country walk.

## Later life

John then devoted himself to full-time writing about birds and natural history, also forming a successful nature tour company. He chaired the Friends of Rye Harbour Nature Reserve for a decade and served on the management committee of the Reserve. He also became the mayor of Winchelsea. He died in May 2010. The John Gooders memorial Hide at Rye Harbour was opened on 21 October 2013 in the presence of Robbie, his wife, and other members of the family.

## Bibliography

* (1967). *Where to Watch Birds*.
* (1970). *Where to watch birds in Britain and Europe*.
* (1970). *Birds of the world*.
* (1972). *The How and Why Wonder Book of The Spoilt Earth*.
* (1973). *The How and Why Wonder Book of Birds*.
* (1974). *The Bird Watcher's Book*.
* (1975). *Birds. An Illustrated Survey of the Bird Families of The World*.
* (1975). *The Great Book Of Birds*.
* (1975). *How to Watch Birds*.
* (1975). *Wildlife Paradises. A Worldwide Guide*.
* (1975). *The Second Bird-watcher's Book*.
* (1976). *The Third Bird-watcher's Book*.
* (1977). *Where to Watch Birds (p/b)*.
* (1977). *The Great Book of Birds*.
* (1978). *Birds of Mountain and Moorland*.
* (1978). *Birds of Ocean and Estuary*.
* (1979). *The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds*.
* (1979). *Birds of Heath and Woodland*.
* (1979). *Birds of Hedgerow and Garden*.
* (1979). *Birds of Marsh and Shore*.
* (1979). *A Day in the Country*.
* (1980). *Bird Seeker's Guide*.
* (1981). *The Encyclopedia of Birds (London: Orbis Publishing, 91 parts)*.
* (1981). *Finding Birds Around the World*.
* (1982). *Collins British Birds*.
* (1983). *Birds That Came Back*.
* (1984). *Birds of Canada*.
* (1986). *Ducks of North America and the Northern Hemisphere*.
* (1986). *Ducks of Canada and the Northern Hemisphere*.
* (1986). *Ducks of Britain & the Northern Hemisphere*.
* (1986). *The New Where to Watch Birds*.
* (1987). *Birds of North America*.
* (1988). *Where to watch birds in Britain and Europe*.
* (1989). *The Outdoor Guide to Britain*.
* (1989). *Complete Birdwatcher's Guide*.
* (1990). *The Practical Ornithologist*.
* (1992). *The Birdwatchers Site Guide to Britain & Ireland*.
* (1993). *The Survival World of Birds*.
* (1998). *Collins Guide to Birds*.
* (1998). *Birds of Britain & Europe*.
* (2000). *Birds of the British Isles & Europe*.
* (2001). *Birds of Britain & Europe*.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| John Gooders | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1937-01-10)10 January 1937 |
| Died | 18 May 2010(2010-05-18) (aged 73) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupations |  |


title: Unknown Song

abstract: "Unknown Song" is an instrumental track written and recorded by the British progressive rock group Pink Floyd. It has been released only on a bonus disc included in the 1997 re-release of the soundtrack to Michelangelo Antonioni's movie Zabriskie Point.

text:
# Unknown Song

"**Unknown Song**" is an instrumental track written and recorded by the British progressive rock group Pink Floyd. It has been released only on a bonus disc included in the 1997 re-release of the soundtrack to Michelangelo Antonioni's movie *Zabriskie Point*.

## Music

The track is simple and consists of melodies that were used later; the riff that starts to play at 1:54 is a faster tempo version of the "Funky Dung" section of "Atom Heart Mother Suite". The main melody played by acoustic 12-string guitar throughout the song is somewhat typical to the band's later style – "A Pillow of Winds" or even "Brain Damage" can be heard as followers of the song's melodies.

## Other names

"Unknown Song" is sometimes called "Rain in the Country" or "Country Rain" on bootleg recordings. A similar piece entitled "Baby Blue Shuffle in D Major" appeared in a 2 December 1968 BBC radio broadcast and shared melodies with part one of "The Narrow Way" from *Ummagumma*, but it may have been rather a different – or even the same – take of "Unknown Song". Rain in the country Take 2 ends in Crumbling Land which has similar music. The music of Country Song/The Red Queen Theme Take 1 is also similar.

## InfoBox

| "Unknown Song" | |
| --- | --- |
| Instrumental by Pink Floyd | |
| from the album  *Zabriskie Point* | |
| Released | 1997 |
| Recorded | 1969 |
| Genre | Instrumental rock, progressive rock |
| Length | 6:01 |
| Label | MCA |
| Songwriter(s) | David Gilmour
Rick Wright
Nick Mason
Roger Waters |


title: Harry Byrd of Virginia

abstract: Harry Byrd of Virginia is a non-fiction book, published in 1996 by University Press of Virginia by Ronald L. Heinemann, concerning Harry F. Byrd. James R. Sweeney of Old Dominion University wrote that the author "portrays Byrd as an unrelenting negativist whose convictions remained fixed as the world around him changed", and that overall the work is an "unflattering portrait of an essentially humorless and defensive" individual, although Heinemann also viewed Byrd as having, in Sweeney's words, "integrity".

text:
# Harry Byrd of Virginia

***Harry Byrd of Virginia*** is a non-fiction book, published in 1996 by University Press of Virginia by Ronald L. Heinemann, concerning Harry F. Byrd.

James R. Sweeney of Old Dominion University wrote that the author "portrays Byrd as an unrelenting negativist whose convictions remained fixed as the world around him changed", and that overall the work is an "unflattering portrait of an essentially humorless and defensive" individual, although Heinemann also viewed Byrd as having, in Sweeney's words, "integrity".

## Reception

William A. Link of University of North Carolina, Greensboro wrote that the book "is a carefully written, fully documented study" that has "terse, well-considered, and balanced judgments."

Sweeney wrote that the book is "a major contribution to the literature on American politics."

* Sweeney, James (Fall 1997). "Byrd of Virginia". *The Historian*. **60** (1): 132–133. JSTOR 24451573.
* Link, William A. (December 1, 1999). "Jack Irby Hayes, Jr. Dan Daniel and the Persistence of Conservatism in Virginia. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press. 1997. Pp. xi, 258. $35.00 and Ronald L. Heinemann. Harry Byrd of Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 1996. Pp. x, 511". *The American Historical Review*: 1714–1715. doi:10.2307/2649452. JSTOR 2649452.

### Notes


title: R. S. Blackburn Smith

abstract: Richard Scott Blackburn Smith was an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate, representing the state's 12th district.

text:
# R. S. Blackburn Smith

**Richard Scott Blackburn Smith** (December 9, 1871 – July 11, 1928) was an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate, representing the state's 12th district.

## InfoBox

| R. S. Blackburn Smith | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Virginia Senate
from the 12th district | |
| **In office**
January 10, 1912  January 12, 1916 | |
| Preceded by | Richard S. Parks |
| Succeeded by | Henry H. Downing |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates for Clarke and Warren | |
| **In office**
December 4, 1901  January 10, 1906 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur L. Warthen |
| Succeeded by | M. M. Johnson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1871-12-09)December 9, 1871
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Died | July 11, 1928(1928-07-11) (aged 56)
Berryville, Virginia, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Helen McGill Leavenworth |
| Alma mater | University of Virginia (LL.B.) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1898 |
| Rank | First sergeant |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War |
|  | |


title: Nain Airport

abstract: Nain Airport is located on the shore of Unity Bay near Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

text:
# Nain Airport

**Nain Airport** (IATA: **YDP**, ICAO: **CYDP**) is located on the shore of Unity Bay near Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

## Replacement

A study was completed in 2007 to identify alternate sites for the Nain Airstrip. Two potential sites met the attributes for a more detailed analysis.

In October 2018, the Nunatsiavut Government commissioned OCTANT Aviation Inc. to update an earlier study for this airstrip. The study concluded that the current airstrip’s location prohibits required upgrades to enable 24 hour operations and permit larger aircraft. A new airstrip would have to be located outside the community and would require the construction of a new airstrip access road.

In 2020, the Nunatsiavut government partnering with the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA) funded a pre-feasibility study which determined the current airstrip was unsuitable for upgrades, but identified a potential site to develop about seven kilometres southwest of Nain.

Currently, the Nunatsiavut government is attempting to secure funding for a full feasibility study.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| PAL Airlines | Goose Bay, Hopedale, Makkovik, Natuashish, Postville, Rigolet |

Flights are operated by PAL Airlines subsidiary, Air Borealis.

Direct flights to Goose Bay and Natuashish. Flights to other destinations are flown via Natuashish - Onwards to Hopedale, Postville, Makkovik and Rigolet and Goose Bay.

1. *Canada Flight Supplement*. Effective 0901 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
2. Synoptic/Metstat Station Information
3. Churchill Duke, Laura (20 Sep 2019). "Hopedale woman circulating petition calling for the province to subsidize flights to northern Labrador". Saltwire. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
4. "Response to Applicant – Partial Access Granted". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
5. "Nain airport will be replaced | SaltWire".
6. "Nain's airstrip is failing, and pressure is mounting for the province to help".
7. "Labrador politicians want Nain airport study to proceed | SaltWire".
8. "Nain's airport is sinking into the ocean; Nunatsiavut frustrated by lack of provincial government support for". *The Toronto Star*. 10 November 2020.
9. "Where We Fly | PAL Airlines". *PAL Airlines*. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
10. "Where We Fly | Air Borealis". *Air Borealis*. Retrieved January 20, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Nain Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Operator | Government of Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Location | Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Time zone | AST (UTC−04:00) |
| Summer (DST) | ADT (UTC−03:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 21 ft / 6 m |
| Coordinates | 56°33′02″N 061°40′56″W / 56.55056°N 61.68222°W / 56.55056; -61.68222 |
| Map | |
| CYDPLocation in Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  04/22 1,986 605 Gravel | |
| Sources: Canada Flight Supplement<br>Environment Canada | |


title: Lawrence Wolfe

abstract: Lawrence Wolfe was an American college football and college basketball coach. He served as the head coach in both sports at Linfield College and Oregon Normal School—known as Western Oregon University. Wolfe was the head football coach at Linfield from 1926 to 1927, compiling a record of 8–7–2. He was head football coach Oregon Norma from 1928 to 1934, tallying a mark of 41–13–4. Wolfe is credited with inspiring the Oregon Normal's "Wolf" mascot.

text:
# Lawrence Wolfe

**Lawrence Wolfe** was an American college football and college basketball coach. He served as the head coach in both sports at Linfield College and Oregon Normal School—known as Western Oregon University. Wolfe was the head football coach at Linfield from 1926 to 1927, compiling a record of 8–7–2. He was head football coach Oregon Norma from 1928 to 1934, tallying a mark of 41–13–4.

Wolfe is credited with inspiring the Oregon Normal's "Wolf" mascot.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Linfield Wildcats** *(Independent)* (1926–1927) | | | | | | | | |
| 1926 | Linfield | 5–2–1 |  |  |  |
| 1927 | Linfield | 3–5–1 |  |  |  |
| **Linfield:** | | 8–7–2 |  |  | | | | |
| **Oregon Normal Wolves** *(Independent)* (1928–1934) | | | | | | | | |
| 1928 | Oregon Normal | 5–3 |  |  |  |
| 1929 | Oregon Normal | 5–2–2 |  |  |  |
| 1930 | Oregon Normal | 6–1 |  |  |  |
| 1931 | Oregon Normal | 6–2–1 |  |  |  |
| 1932 | Oregon Normal | 7–1 |  |  |  |
| 1933 | Oregon Normal | 5–2 |  |  |  |
| 1934 | Oregon Normal | 7–2–1 |  |  |  |
| **Oregon Normal:** | | 41–13–4 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 49–20–6 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Lawrence Wolfe
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| --- | --- |
| Football | |
| 1926–1927 | Linfield |
| 1928–1934 | Oregon Normal |
| Basketball | |
| 1926–1928 | Linfield |
| 1928–1935 | Oregon Normal |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 49–20–6 (football) |
|  | |


title: Olszówka, Turek County

abstract: Olszówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przykona, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Przykona, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Turek, and 123 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Olszówka, Turek County

**Olszówka** \[ɔlˈʂufka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przykona, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Przykona, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Turek, and 123 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Olszówka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Olszówka | |
| Coordinates: 51°59′N 18°35′E / 51.983°N 18.583°E / 51.983; 18.583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Turek |
| Gmina | Przykona |


title: Ida Mae Thompson

abstract: Ida Mae Thompson was an American suffragist. She was active in the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia and later worked for the Works Progress Administration's Historical Records to obtain and archive records from the suffrage movement in Virginia.

text:
# Ida Mae Thompson

**Ida Mae Thompson**  (1866 – 1947) was an American suffragist. She was active in the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia and later worked for the Works Progress Administration's Historical Records to obtain and archive records from the suffrage movement in Virginia.

## Biography

Thompson was born on November 7, 1866, in Drakes Branch, Virginia. In 1886 the family moved to Richmond. Thompson supported herself as a typist and stenographer.

In 1913 Thompson began working at the Richmond headquarters of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. She served as headquarters secretary and took care of the day-to-day responsibilities of the office manager; ordering supplies, arranging rent payments, speaker schedules, event planning, and organization mailings. Thompson took on more planning duties, along with Edith Clark Cowles, in the running of the Richmond office when the president, Lila Meade Valentine, was ill.

After the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 Thompson became active in the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia's successor organization, the Virginia League of Women Voters. She first served as executive secretary of the Richmond LWV and then executive secretary of the Virginia LWV. Thompson assisted Cowles with her contributions to the chapter on Virginia to *History of Woman Suffrage*, published in 1922.

In the 1930s, during the Great Depression Thompson continued working for the LWV, but took another job as a clerk for the U.S. Department of Labor National Re-Employment Service. In the mid-1930s Thompson added another job as a clerk and researcher for Works Progress Administration's Historical Records project to assemble historical documents pertaining to suffrage in Virginia. In 1936 Thompson contacted former members of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia requesting any records, papers, stories and ephemera documenting the woman suffrage movement in Virginia. She had mixed results, with some members having disposed of their records and others being able to locate the historical items requested. Thompson herself had the records she kept from the Richmond headquarters, which she donated. The collected material became the *Equal Suffrage League of Virginia Records* housed at the Library of Virginia. The collection consists of 31 boxes of primary documents from the suffrage movement in Virginia on the local and state level including materials from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and the LWV along with the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.

In 1938 Thompson, who never married, moved into the Home for Needy Confederate Women (now the *Stan and Dorothy Pauley Center* on the grounds of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond). She died on July 24, 1947, in Richmond.

## InfoBox

| Ida Mae Thompson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1866-11-07)November 7, 1866
Drakes Branch, Virginia |
| Died | July 24, 1947(1947-07-24) (aged 72)
Richmond, Virginia |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Suffragist, archivist |


title: Nova Gold

abstract: Nova Gold is a Czech free-to-air commercial TV station belonging to the Nova Group, whose program includes series and programs from the Nova station archive and foreign crime series. The station began broadcasting on February 22, 2013, to mark Nova's nineteenth birthday.[1] Like other Nova Group channels, they belong to the CET 21 company, which falls under the CME. Nova Gold bears its current name since 4 February 2017, 2017 when the Telka channel was renamed Nova Gold in order to unify the channel names of the Nova group.

text:
# Nova Gold

**Nova Gold** (originally **Telka**) is a Czech free-to-air commercial TV station belonging to the Nova Group, whose program includes series and programs from the Nova station archive and foreign crime series. The station began broadcasting on February 22, 2013, to mark Nova's nineteenth birthday.\[1\] Like other Nova Group channels, they belong to the CET 21 company, which falls under the CME. Nova Gold bears its current name since 4 February 2017, 2017 when the Telka channel was renamed Nova Gold in order to unify the channel names of the Nova group.

## History

The original plan was to launch the station on Nova's 19th birthday celebration, but CET 21 applied for a broadcasting license for the new channel in December 2012. The Broadcasting Council granted the necessary license on 5 February 2013. For this reason, the original plan for the new channel to begin broadcasting on TV Nova's 19th birthday, which on 4 February 2013, fell through. So the station was launched on 22 February 2013 at 2:00 p.m. and started broadcasting with the edited program Nova sebe. On 21 February 2013, it was announced that the station would also appear on satellite.

In the past, the program called Telka was run by Radim Pařízka's Digital Broadcasting company.

In 2014, Nova was granted a request to reduce the broadcast of European works from 10% to 3% on the Telka station.

On the occasion of its 23rd birthday, Nova decided to rename the Telka channel to Nova Gold as of February 4, 2017. The Fanda channels were also renamed to Nova Action and Smíchov to Nova 2

## Programming

### TV Series

### TV News

* Televizní noviny, Sportovní noviny, Počasí

### TV Documents

* Koření
* Nová cestománie

### TV Show

## InfoBox

Nova Gold
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Headquarters | Prague |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Czech |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | CME |
| Sister channels | TV Nova
Nova Cinema
Nova Action
Nova Fun
Nova Lady
Nova Sport 1
Nova Sport 2
Nova Sport 3
Nova Sport 4
Nova Sport 5
Nova Sport 6
Nova International |
| History | |
| Launched | 22 February 2013 |
| Former names | TV Telka (2012-2017) |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| DVB-T/T2 | MUX 24 (FTA) |
| Streaming media | |
| Nova.cz | Watch live
(Czech only) |
| VOYO | Watch live
(Czech only) |
|  | |