title: Verbio

abstract: Verbio SE, based in Zörbig, Germany, is a company that produces biofuels and chemical products from rapeseed oil, rye, wheat, triticale, maize and straw. Administration and management are located in Leipzig, Germany. The company employs 1,180 people and has sites in Germany, India, the United States, Canada, Poland and Hungary.

text:
# Verbio

**Verbio SE**, based in Zörbig, Germany, is a company that produces biofuels and chemical products from rapeseed oil, rye, wheat, triticale, maize and straw. Administration and management are located in Leipzig, Germany. The company employs 1,180 people and has sites in Germany, India, the United States, Canada, Poland and Hungary.

## History

Claus Sauter took over the management of the agricultural trading company *Alois Sauter Landesprodukten-Großhandlung* in Obenhausen, Bavaria from his father in 1990. In 1991, after the German reunification, expansion into the eastern German states (former GDR) began with the acquisition and development of agricultural and commodities trading companies. In 1995, Sauter produced biodiesel for his own use for the first time. In 2000, he built a transesterification plant in Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt with his business partner Georg Pollert. This was followed by a bioethanol plant in Zörbig, which went into operation in 2004, and two production plants for biodiesel and bioethanol in Schwedt, Brandenburg. Together with the St. Gallen-based trading and plant construction company Swiss Bioenergie, the four production companies and sites of the Sauter Group were merged under the new umbrella company *Verbio Vereinigte Bioenergie AG* in May 2006. Sauter became its Chairman of the Board, and shareholders included himself, Pollert, two siblings and Claus Sauter's wife. The group employed around 300 people.

In the fall of 2006, Verbio announced its IPO for October. The proceeds were to be used to repay state subsidies and expand production.

The company's shares were listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange with effect from October 16, 2006. In the same year, the Sauter family acquired significant shares in the agricultural trading company Märka GmbH in Eberswalde, Brandenburg through its family holding Sauter Verpachtungsgesellschaft GmbH. In 2009, construction began on biogas plants in Zörbig and Schwedt, which were put into operation the following year. 2010 saw the formal takeover of Märka GmbH by Verbio with a transaction volume of EUR 24.57 million. In 2011, Verbio launched a pilot project for straw processing for biogas production and further expanded into Eastern Europe.

On November 30, 2023, *Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie AG* (Aktiengesellschaft) was transformed into Verbio SE (Societas Europaea).

## Subsidiaries

Verbio SE acts as the management holding company within the group. The operating business is conducted by the subsidiaries.

## InfoBox

Verbio SE
|
|  |
| Formerly | Verbio Vereinigte Bioenergie AG |
| Company type | Societas Europaea |
| Traded as | FWB: VBK |
| ISIN | DE000A0JL9W6 |
| Industry | Biofuel |
| Founded | 2006 |
| Founder | Claus Sauter |
| Headquarters | Zörbig, Germany |
| Key people | Claus Sauter, CEO |
| Revenue | EUR 1.986 million (2022) |
| Number of employees | 1,180 (2022) |
| Website | verbio.de/en |


title: Palasi

abstract:
Palasi is a block and a notified area in Araria district in the Indian state of Bihar.
This block is 28 km away from Araria and lies north-east direction. Most of the people are poor and educationally weak. There are 21 panchayat and 104 villages. This block is higher educational person. Their source of income are mainly agriculture. The population residing here is mainly Hindu and Muslim. The cause of the poverty is illiteracy and the recurrent floods in this area by Koshi and Bakra rivers. Palasi is now developing, and all the minimum needs of the people are fulfilled at Palasi block. Sukhsaina panchayat is the border of jokihat block balwa village are divided in three panchayat he is the clean village There is also a Primary Health Center that provides health services to a limited extent. As such, for serious ailments, people have to go to places like Purnia, Araria and Kishanganj.

text:
# Palasi

**Palasi** is a block and a notified area in Araria district in the Indian state of Bihar. This block is 28 km away from Araria (the district headquarters) and lies north-east direction. Most of the people are poor and educationally weak. There are 21 panchayat and 104 villages. This block is higher educational person. Their source of income are mainly agriculture. The population residing here is mainly Hindu and Muslim. The cause of the poverty is illiteracy and the recurrent floods in this area by Koshi and Bakra rivers. Palasi is now developing, and all the minimum needs of the people are fulfilled at Palasi block. Sukhsaina panchayat is the border of jokihat block balwa village are divided in three panchayat he is the clean village There is also a Primary Health Center that provides health services to a limited extent. As such, for serious ailments, people have to go to places like Purnia, Araria and Kishanganj.

26°14′N 87°34′E / 26.233°N 87.567°E / 26.233; 87.567


title: Gorteria

abstract: Gorteria is a genus of small annual herbaceous plants or shrubs that is assigned to the daisy family. It includes 12 species native to eastern and southern Africa, ranging from Ethiopia to South Africa. Like in almost all Asteraceae, the individual flowers are 5-merous, small and clustered in typical heads, and are surrounded by an involucre, consisting of in this case several whorls of bracts, which are merged at their base. In Gorteria, the centre of the head is taken by relatively few bisexual and sometimes also male, yellow to orange disc florets, and is surrounded by one complete whorl of 5–14 infertile cream to dark orange ray florets, sometimes with a few ray florets nearer to the centre. None, some or all of them may have darker spots at their base. The fruits remain attached to their common base when ripe, and it is the entire head that breaks free from the plant. One or few seeds germinate inside the flower head which can be found at the foot of plants during their first year. The species flower between August and October, except for G. warmbadica that blooms mostly in May and June. The species of the genus Gorteria can be found in Namibia and South Africa.

text:
# Gorteria

***Gorteria*** is a genus of small annual herbaceous plants or shrubs that is assigned to the daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae). It includes 12 species native to eastern and southern Africa, ranging from Ethiopia to South Africa. Like in almost all Asteraceae, the individual flowers are 5-merous, small and clustered in typical heads, and are surrounded by an involucre, consisting of in this case several whorls of bracts, which are merged at their base. In *Gorteria*, the centre of the head is taken by relatively few bisexual and sometimes also male, yellow to orange disc florets, and is surrounded by one complete whorl of 5–14 infertile cream to dark orange ray florets, sometimes with a few ray florets nearer to the centre. None, some or all of them may have darker spots at their base. The fruits remain attached to their common base when ripe, and it is the entire head that breaks free from the plant. One or few seeds germinate inside the flower head which can be found at the foot of plants during their first year. The species flower between August and October, except for *G. warmbadica* that blooms mostly in May and June. The species of the genus *Gorteria* can be found in Namibia and South Africa.

## Description

Five of the species assigned to *Gorteria* are always annuals, two always shrublets (*G. alienata* and *G. integrifolia*), and one species (*G. diffusa*) is mostly annual, but populations near the coast in Namaqualand tend to survive and become woody in their second year. The stems are cylindrical (or terete) with 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long, stiff white hairs, rarely reddish or blackish at their foot, striped along their lengths, and sometimes with short soft hair as well. The alternately set leaves lack a stalk, have margins rolled downward and inward. The upper surface is sparsely to densely set with ½–2 mm (0.02-0.08 in) long stiff white hairs, while the lower surface is whitish felty hairy except on the midvein. The flower heads can be found on their own at the end of the branches, and are enveloped in an involucre, whose bracts are merged at their base only, with short, soft, silky white hairs and long, stiff white hairs with striping along their lengths. These involucres become woody with age, and the entire flower heads detach from the mother plant with the fruits (or cypselas) inside them. Later one new plant emerges (or sometimes up to five) from it. The common base of the florets (called the receptacle) does not have receptacular bracts (or paleas) at the foot of each floret. There are between five and fourteen infertile ray florets that have a base color that ranges between cream and dark orange. At the base there may be darker spots, sometimes jointly creating a ring, but sometimes only present on two or three of the ray florets. The underside has mostly a darker, less clear color and there are some short, striped hairs. The fertile yellow to orange disc florets are somewhat bilateral symmetrical (or zygomorph), deeply incised to form five lobes and have some hairs and glandular hairs. Some set seed, but most of them are functionally male. The anthers do not have tail extensions.

A very particular character for *Gorteria* is that plants in their first year have an old flower head at their foot, because the cypselas do not part from the flower head when ripe, but germinate remaining in the flower head. Furthermore, the species of *Gorteria* share spine-like hairs on the corollas of both ray- and disc florets, the bracts of the involucre merged only at their foot, and crystals below the skin of the outer seed coat. All these characters are absent in its near relatives.

## Species

12 species are accepted.

## Taxonomy

Carl Linnaeus, famous for his introduction of the binominal nomenclature, erected the genus *Gorteria*, in part II of the 10th edition of his *Systema Naturae* published in 1759, with the description of the type species *Gorteria personata*. The genus was named in honour of the Dutch physicians and botanists Johannes de Gorter and his son David de Gorter. Linnaeus' circumscription of the genus was much wider than today, since he included species that now are in several other genera of the Gorteriinae, such as *G. squarrosa* (= *Cullumia squarrosa*) in 1760, *Gorteria rigens* (= *Gazania rigens*) and *G. fruticosa* (= *Berkheya barbata*), both in 1763. Carl Peter Thunberg in 1798 reviewed *Gorteria* and considered the interlocked margins (or connation) of the involucral bracts diagnostic for the genus, but this is in fact common to the entire subtribe Gorteriinae. He distinguished ten herbaceous species and two woody, seven including *G. diffusa* and *G. integrifolia* new to science. In 1818, French botanist Henri Cassini described the new genus *Ictinus* with type species *piloselloides*, but in 1824 reassigned it to *Gorteria*, making the new combination *G. piloselloides*. In 1820, Cassini erected the genus *Hirpicium* with type species *H. echinulatum*. This however is an illegitimate name, since the type specimen is identical to that used by Thunberg to base *Oedera alienata* on in 1792, and the correct name would be *Hirpicium alienatum* (= *G. alienata*). In 1797, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck erected the genus *Personaria*, and in 1816, Jean Louis Marie Poiret reassigned *Personaria personata* to *Gorteria*. In 1832, German botanist Christian Friedrich Lessing restricted *Gorteria*. In 1838, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle described three further species: *G. affinis*, *G. calendulacea* and *G. corymbosa*. In 1959 and 1973, Helmuth Roessler distinguished two subspecies in *G. personata*, subsp. *personata* and subsp. *gracilis*, and three subspecies in *G. diffusa*, subsp. *diffusa*, subsp. *calendulacea* and subsp. *parviligulosa*. Only in 2014, Frida Stångberg and Arne Anderberg reassigned *Hirpicium alienatum* and *H. integrifolium* to *Gorteria*, and clarified the relationship between the taxa within *Gorteria*. In 2018 Stångberg, Karis, and Anderberg concluded that *Hirpicium* was polyphyletic, and that a number of *Hirpicium* species, including the type species *H. alienatum*, were nested within *Gorteria*. Those species were included within *Gorteria*, and the *Hirpicium* species in separate clades were placed in the genera *Berkheyopsis* and *Roessleria*.

### Phylogeny

The tribe Arctotideae consists of the subtribes Arctotidinae and Gorteriinae. The Gorteriinae contain two groups, one comprising *Berkheya*, *Cullumia*, *Cuspidia*, *Didelta* and *Heterorhachis*, the other one *Gorteria* and its close relatives of the genera *Gazania*, *Berkheyopsis*, and *Roessleria*. Recent comparison of homologous genes has seriously upset the delineation of the species within *Gorteria* and prompted the reassignment of *Hirpicium alienatum* and *H. integrifolium* to *Gorteria*. According to this study, the species and their relationships are as expressed in the following tree.

### Reassigned species

The species that were originally described as, or moved to *Gorteria*, which since have been reassigned include the following:

## Distribution

Representatives of the genus *Gorteria* can be found in the !Karas Region of Namibia, the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, and a few observations in the west of the Eastern Cape of South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Gorteria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Gorteria diffusa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Vernonioideae |
| Tribe: | Arctotideae |
| Subtribe: | Gorteriinae |
| Genus: | *Gorteria*
L. (1759) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Gorteria personata*
L. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hirpicium* Cass. (1820) * *Ictinus* Cass. (1818) * *Personaria* Lam. (1797) | |


title: Jens Aars

abstract: Jens Aars was a Norwegian priest and Member of Parliament. Jens Aars was born in Christiania. He was the son of district stipendiary magistrate Jacob Aars, who had migrated to Norway from Aars, Denmark, in 1757. He was a student at Christiania Latin School and earning his theological degree with honors in 1801. In 1804 he became assistant pastorat Rødøy Church, in 1806 substitute priest at Enebakk Church in Akershus and in 1817 vicar to Hadsel Church in Nordland. He was transferred to Lier in Buskerud in August 1821. Aars was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1821, representing the constituency of Nordland. He was a member of the Parliamentary deputation to Stockholm in 1823. In 1832 he became a member of the Swedish Order of Vasa cleric (Vasaordenen). In 1803, he was married to Nicoline Elisabeth Mielsen. Their children included priest and politician Nils Fredrik Julius Aars. They were also the grandparents of writer Sophus Christian Munk Aars as well as banker and politician Jens Ludvig Andersen Aars. Also, through his brother, Jens Aars was an uncle of educator Jacob Jonathan Aars and granduncle of philosopher Kristian Birch-Reichenwald Aars and architect Harald Aars. He was also a maternal great-grandfather of Harald Gram.

text:
# Jens Aars

**Jens Aars** (1 October 1779 – 27 March 1834) was a Norwegian priest and Member of Parliament.

Jens Aars was born in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of district stipendiary magistrate Jacob Aars, who had migrated to Norway from Aars, Denmark, in 1757. He was a student at Christiania Latin School and earning his theological degree with honors in 1801. In 1804 he became assistant pastorat Rødøy Church, in 1806 substitute priest at Enebakk Church in Akershus and in 1817 vicar to Hadsel Church in Nordland. He was transferred to Lier in Buskerud in August 1821.

Aars was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1821, representing the constituency of Nordland. He was a member of the Parliamentary deputation to Stockholm in 1823. In 1832 he became a member of the Swedish Order of Vasa cleric (*Vasaordenen*).

In 1803, he was married to Nicoline Elisabeth Mielsen. Their children included priest and politician Nils Fredrik Julius Aars. They were also the grandparents of writer Sophus Christian Munk Aars as well as banker and politician Jens Ludvig Andersen Aars. Also, through his brother, Jens Aars was an uncle of educator Jacob Jonathan Aars and granduncle of philosopher Kristian Birch-Reichenwald Aars and architect Harald Aars. He was also a maternal great-grandfather of Harald Gram.

## InfoBox

| Jens Aars | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| member of the Norwegian Parliament | |
| **In office**
1821–1829 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 October 1779
Christiania |
| Died | 27 March 1834 |
| Occupation | priest |
|  | |


title: Fairmont San Francisco

abstract: The Fairmont San Francisco is a luxury hotel at 950 Mason Street, atop Nob Hill in San Francisco, California. The hotel was named after mining magnate and U.S. Senator James Graham Fair (1831–94), by his daughters, Theresa Fair Oelrichs and Virginia Fair Vanderbilt, who built the hotel in his honor. The hotel was the vanguard of the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain. The group is now owned by Fairmont Raffles Hotels International, but all the original Fairmont hotels still keep their names. It has been featured in many films, including The Rock. Exterior and interior shots of the hotel were used as stand-ins for the fictional St. Gregory Hotel in the television series Hotel. It is also notable for its presidential suite, often used by U.S. Presidents when visiting the Bay Area. The Fairmont San Francisco was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 2002. It is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

text:
# Fairmont San Francisco

The **Fairmont San Francisco** is a luxury hotel at 950 Mason Street, atop Nob Hill in San Francisco, California. The hotel was named after mining magnate and U.S. Senator James Graham Fair (1831–94), by his daughters, Theresa Fair Oelrichs and Virginia Fair Vanderbilt, who built the hotel in his honor. The hotel was the vanguard of the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain. The group is now owned by Fairmont Raffles Hotels International, but all the original Fairmont hotels still keep their names.

It has been featured in many films, including *The Rock*. Exterior and interior shots of the hotel were used as stand-ins for the fictional St. Gregory Hotel in the television series *Hotel*. It is also notable for its presidential suite, often used by U.S. Presidents when visiting the Bay Area.

The Fairmont San Francisco was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 2002. It is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

## 1906 earthquake

The hotel was nearly completed before the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Although the structure survived, the interior was heavily damaged by fire, and opening was delayed until 1907. Architect and engineer Julia Morgan was hired to repair the building because of her then innovative use of reinforced concrete, which could produce buildings capable of withstanding earthquakes and other disasters.

## United Nations

In 1945, the Fairmont hosted international statesmen for meetings which culminated in the creation of the United Nations. Finessing of the United Nations Charter was conducted in the hotel's Garden Room and a plaque at the hotel memorializes the event.

## First concierge in the United States

The Fairmont was the first American hotel to offer concierge services. Tom Wolfe, who had trained in Europe, served as the Fairmont's first concierge from 1974 to 1981. He returned to the Fairmont in 1995.

## Tonga Room

Among the hotel's attractions is the Tonga Room & Hurricane Bar, a historic tiki bar, which opened in 1945 and was remodeled in 1952, and 1967. Elements of the bar were also "updated" in 2009. It features a bandstand on a barge that floats in a former swimming pool, a dining area built from parts of an old sailing ship, and artificial thunderstorms. In January 2009, the owners announced plans to close the Tonga Room in connection with a renovation and condo conversion of the hotel. In response, a group planned to file an application to make the Tonga Room an official San Francisco landmark. The plans were delayed and Tonga Room is still open today (despite many rumors of its temporary closure).

## Ownership change

On May 9, 2012, funds managed by Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. and Woodridge Capital Partners LLC, a Los Angeles–based real estate developer and investor, bought the property for $200 million. They also acquired the Mark Hopkins Hotel across the street in 2014.

The hotel was sold again on November 30, 2015, to the South Korean Mirae Asset Global Investments group for $450 million.

The Venetian Room at the Fairmont Hotel was where Tony Bennett first sang "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" in December 1961. A statue of Tony Bennett was unveiled outside the Fairmont on 19 August 2016, in honor of his 90th birthday, the performance and the song's history with San Francisco.

The Fairmont Hotel was used in the establishing shots for the fictional St. Gregory Hotel in the 1983 television series *Hotel*. The hotel on which the original novel was based is now The Roosevelt New Orleans.

The Fairmont is also seen in the movie *The Intern*.

Ernie Gehr's avant-garde film *Side/Walk/Shuttle* was filmed entirely from the Fairmont's elevator.

In the song "Real Good for Free" on the album *Miles of Aisles* Joni Mitchell changes the line "I slept last night in a good hotel" to "I slept last night in the Fairmont Hotel"

The Fairmont makes a brief appearance in the film *Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings*, where characters Shang-Chi and his best friend Katy previously worked as valet parkers at the beginning of the film.

## InfoBox

| Fairmont San Francisco | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| FairmontLocation within San Francisco CountyFairmontFairmont (California)FairmontFairmont (the United States) | |
| Hotel chain | Fairmont Hotels and Resorts |
| General information | |
| Location | United States |
| Address | 950 Mason Street
San Francisco, California |
| Coordinates | 37°47′33″N 122°24′37″W / 37.7924°N 122.4102°W / 37.7924; -122.4102 |
| Opening | Main: 18 April 1907 (18 April 1907)
Tower: 1962 |
| Owner | Mirae Asset Global Investments |
| Management | Fairmont Hotels & Resorts |
| Height | Tower: 99.06 m (325.0 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | Main: 9
Tower: 29 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | James W. and Merritt J. Reid
Ira Wilson Hoover
Julia Morgan |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 591 |
| Number of suites | \>11 |
| Number of restaurants | *Laurel Court Restaurant and Bar*
*Tonga Room & Hurricane Bar* |
| Website | |
| www.fairmont.com/sanfrancisco | |
|  | |
| Fairmont Hotel | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| San Francisco Designated Landmark No. 185 | |
|  | |
| Architectural style | Beaux-Arts |
| NRHP reference No. | 02000373 |
| SFDL No. | 185 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 17, 2002 |
| Designated SFDL | 1987 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Gnathacmaeops

abstract: Gnathacmaeops is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. It has only two species.

text:
# Gnathacmaeops

***Gnathacmaeops*** is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. It has only two species.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Gnathacmaeops* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Gnathacmaeops pratensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lepturinae |
| Tribe: | Rhagiini |
| Genus: | *Gnathacmaeops*<br>Linsley & Chemsak, 1972 |
|


title: Matthew 8:19

abstract: Matthew 8:19 is the 19th verse in the eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

text:
# Matthew 8:19

**Matthew 8:19** is the 19th verse in the eighth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

## Content

In the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort this verse is:

Καὶ προσελθὼν εἷς γραμματεὺς εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Διδάσκαλε, ἀκολουθήσω σοι ὅπου ἐὰν ἀπέρχῃ.

In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:

And a certain scribe came, and said unto him, Master, I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest.

The New International Version translates the passage as:

Then a teacher of the law came to him and said, "Teacher, I will follow you wherever you go."

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 8:19.

## Analysis

When Jesus was on His way to the lake, this scribe or doctor of the law, offered to become a disciple. He was likely moved to do so by Jesus' preaching and miracles.

## Commentary from the Church Fathers

Jerome: "This Scribe of the Law who knew but the perishing letter, would not have been turned away had his address been, ‘Lord, I will follow Thee.’ But because he esteemed the Saviour only as one of many masters, and was a 1man of the letter (which is better expressed in Greek, γραμματεὺς) not a spiritual hearer, therefore he had no place where Jesus might lay His head. It is suggested to us that he sought to follow the Lord, because of His great miracles, for the sake of the gain to be derived from them; and was therefore rejected; seeking the same thing as did Simon Magus when he would have given Peter money."

Chrysostom: "Observe also how great his pride; approaching and speaking as though he disdained to be considered as one of the multitude; desiring to show that he was above the rest."

Hilary of Poitiers: "Otherwise; This Scribe being one of the doctors of the Law, asks if he shall follow Him, as though it were not contained in the Law that this is He whom it were gain to follow. Therefore He discovers the feeling of unbelief under the diffidence of his enquiry. For the taking up of the faith is not by question but by following."

| Preceded by
**Matthew 8:18** | **Gospel of Matthew
Chapter 8** | Succeeded by
**Matthew 8:20** |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Matthew 8:19 | |
| --- | --- |
| 8:188:20 | |
| Jesus with the scribes and the Pharisee. l'église Saint-Germain de Rennes | |
| Book | Gospel of Matthew |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |


title: Frankie A. Rodriguez

abstract: Frankie A. Rodriguez is an American actor known for starring as Carlos Rodriguez on the Disney+ series High School Musical: The Musical: The Series.

text:
# Frankie A. Rodriguez

**Frankie A. Rodriguez** is an American actor known for starring as Carlos Rodriguez on the Disney+ series *High School Musical: The Musical: The Series*.

## Early life

Rodriguez is from Selma, California and is of Mexican descent. Rodriguez is the youngest of three siblings. Rodriguez attended grade schools in Selma and later transferred to a private school earning his high school diploma in Sanger, California.

## Personal life

Rodriguez is part of the LGBTQ community. Since late 2019, Rodriguez has been in a relationship with fellow *High School Musical: The Musical: The Series* actor Joe Serafini, who plays his character Carlos' love interest Seb (Sebastian) on the show.

## Career

Rodriguez played the role of Mick in the Dekkoo series *I'm Fine*. He was promoted to series regular for the third and final season. He has had recurring and guest roles in the television series *Modern Family* and *This Close* as well as in the web series *Raymond & Lane*, *That's the Gag*, *Only Children*, and *Going Up*.

In February 2019, it was announced Rodriguez would star in the Disney+ series *High School Musical: The Musical: The Series* as Carlos Rodriguez, the color guard captain and student choreographer. The series premiered that November. Carlos is the first openly gay character in the *High School Musical* franchise.

## Filmography

Television and film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017–2019 | *I'm Fine* | Mick | Recurring role (seasons 1–2)
Main role (season 3) |
| 2018 | *Call Me Daddy* | Pedro | Short film |
| 2019 | *Modern Family* | Eduardo | 2 episodes |
| 2019 | *This Close* | Set assistant | Episode: "Three's Company" |
| 2019–2023 | *High School Musical: The Musical: The Series* | Carlos Rodriguez | Main role |
| 2020 | *Will & Grace* | Christopher | Episode: "Filthy Phil, Part II” |

## InfoBox

| Frankie A. Rodriguez | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Francisco A. Rodriguez
Selma, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2016–present |


title: Matthew Creese

abstract:
Matthew Leonard Creese was an English cricketer. Born in Enfield, Middlesex, he played for Middlesex County Cricket Club. Creese represented the Second XI at Middlesex between 1997 and 2002, and was the youngest player in the club's history to debut for the second team at the time. Despite being a promising left arm spinner and effective lower order batsman he only played in one first-class match for Middlesex against Cambridge UCCE in 1999 and one first-class match representing Durham UCCE against Lancashire County Cricket Club in 2002. Creese also played for the MCC Young Cricketers for a number of years. Creese played club cricket for Southgate Cricket Club competing in the Middlesex League until 2012.
On Saturday 30 July 2011 against Harrow Town CC Creese took 9 wickets for 65 runs and then scored 111 not out to win the game, registering the best combined bowling and batting figures in league history.

text:
# Matthew Creese

**Matthew Leonard Creese** (born 13 February 1982) was an English cricketer. Born in Enfield, Middlesex, he played for Middlesex County Cricket Club.

Creese represented the Second XI at Middlesex between 1997 and 2002, and was the youngest player in the club's history to debut for the second team at the time.

Despite being a promising left arm spinner and effective lower order batsman he only played in one first-class match for Middlesex against Cambridge UCCE in 1999 and one first-class match representing Durham UCCE against Lancashire County Cricket Club in 2002.

Creese also played for the MCC Young Cricketers for a number of years.

Creese played club cricket for Southgate Cricket Club competing in the Middlesex League until 2012. On Saturday 30 July 2011 against Harrow Town CC Creese took 9 wickets for 65 runs and then scored 111 not out to win the game, registering the best combined bowling and batting figures in league history.


title: Franz Pfemfert

abstract: Franz Pfemfert was a German journalist, editor of Die Aktion, literary critic, politician and portrait photographer. Pfemfert occasionally wrote under the pseudonym U. Gaday. In 1911 he married Alexandra Ramm, who had moved to Berlin from Russia and who was involved in Russian translations. Pfemfert was involved in founding the Antinationale Sozialisten-Partei, originally a clandestine organisation founded in 1915. Die Aktion became its official organ following the German Revolution in November 1918. He subsequently became close friends with Leon Trotsky, even though he maintained quite distinct political views. After the Nazi seizure of power, Pfemfert fled to Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia. Here the Czech stalinists called for his deportation.

text:
# Franz Pfemfert

**Franz Pfemfert** (20 November 1879, Lötzen, East Prussia (now Giżycko, Poland) – 26 May 1954, Mexico City) was a German journalist, editor of *Die Aktion*, literary critic, politician and portrait photographer. Pfemfert occasionally wrote under the pseudonym U. Gaday (derived from Russian "ugadaj", dt: "guess").

In 1911 he married Alexandra Ramm, who had moved to Berlin from Russia and who was involved in Russian translations.

Pfemfert was involved in founding the Antinationale Sozialisten-Partei (Antinational Socialist Party), originally a clandestine organisation founded in 1915. *Die Aktion* became its official organ following the German Revolution in November 1918.

He subsequently became close friends with Leon Trotsky, even though he maintained quite distinct political views.

After the Nazi seizure of power, Pfemfert fled to Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia. Here the Czech stalinists called for his deportation.

## Publishing

Alongside publishing *Die Aktion*, Pfemfert published a variety of authors:

## InfoBox

| Franz Pfemfert | |
| --- | --- |
| Memorial plaque to Pfemfert, Nassauische Straße 17, Berlin-Wilmersdorf | |
| Born | (1879-11-20)November 20, 1879
Lötzen, German Empire |
| Died | May 26, 1954(1954-05-26) (aged 74)
Mexico City, Mexico |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Spouse | Alexandra Ramm-Pfemfert |


abstract: Franklin Township is one of twelve townships in Harrison County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,161 and it contained 1,728 housing units.

text:
# Franklin Township, Harrison County, Indiana

**Franklin Township** is one of twelve townships in Harrison County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,161 and it contained 1,728 housing units.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 1,602 |  |  |
| 1900 | 1,599 |  | −0.2% |
| 1910 | 1,467 |  | −8.3% |
| 1920 | 1,458 |  | −0.6% |
| 1930 | 1,347 |  | −7.6% |
| 1940 | 1,309 |  | −2.8% |
| 1950 | 1,439 |  | 9.9% |
| 1960 | 1,736 |  | 20.6% |
| 1970 | 1,952 |  | 12.4% |
| 1980 | 2,872 |  | 47.1% |
| 1990 | 3,087 |  | 7.5% |
| 2000 | 3,642 |  | 18.0% |
| 2010 | 4,104 |  | 12.7% |
| 2020 | 4,161 |  | 1.4% |
| Source: US Decennial Census | | | |

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 34.91 square miles (90.4 km2), of which 34.89 square miles (90.4 km2) (or 99.94%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km2) (or 0.06%) is water. The streams of Lazy Creek, Little Indian Creek, Smith Creek and Woertz Creek run through this township.

### Cities and towns

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Lanesville.

### Major highways

### Airports and landing strips

* Greenridge KLA Airport
* Lanesville Skyways Airport

* "Franklin Township, Harrison County, Indiana". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved September 24, 2009.
* United States Census Bureau cartographic boundary files

## InfoBox

| Franklin Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Harrison County | |
| Coordinates: 38°14′23″N 86°00′20″W / 38.23972°N 86.00556°W / 38.23972; -86.00556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Harrison |
| Government | |
| Type | Indiana township |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.91 sq mi (90.4 km2) |
| Land | 34.89 sq mi (90.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2)  0.06% |
| Elevation | 830 ft (253 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,161 |
| Density | 120/sq mi (46/km2) |
| GNIS feature ID | 0453303 |


title: Frank Parker Archeological Site

abstract: The Frank Parker Archeological Site, in Douglas and Washington counties, Nebraska, near Florence, Nebraska, is an archeological site which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It is associated with Frank Parker and has designations 25WN1 and 25DO169. It is a prehistoric village site and a processing site and was listed for its potential to yield information in the future. Frank Parker (1888-1957) was a person who owned property in Florence that he inherited from eccentric William Frederick Parker (1854-1902). William Frederick Parker, a Gatsby-like character, was known as "the Hermit of Florence". The Parker Manson was located at what is now 3021 Vane St., on the edge of the Florence Field neighborhood. It had been built on the site "of the Mormon campground from the 1840s Winter Quarters settlement". The Parker farm property eventually was split up: 80 acres (32 ha) became the city of Omaha's Miller Park; the Minne Lusa and Florence Field subdivisions were split out and developed in the 1910s and 1920s.

text:
# Frank Parker Archeological Site

The **Frank Parker Archeological Site**, in Douglas and Washington counties, Nebraska, near Florence, Nebraska, is an archeological site which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It is associated with Frank Parker and has designations 25WN1 and 25DO169.

It is a prehistoric village site and a processing site and was listed for its potential to yield information in the future.

Frank Parker (1888-1957) was a person who owned property in Florence that he inherited from eccentric William Frederick Parker (1854-1902). William Frederick Parker, a Gatsby-like character, was known as "the Hermit of Florence".

The Parker Manson was located at what is now 3021 Vane St., on the edge of the Florence Field neighborhood. It had been built on the site "of the Mormon campground from the 1840s Winter Quarters settlement". The Parker farm property eventually was split up: 80 acres (32 ha) became the city of Omaha's Miller Park; the Minne Lusa and Florence Field subdivisions were split out and developed in the 1910s and 1920s.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frank Parker Archeological Site | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Florence, Nebraska |
| Area | 12 acres (4.9 ha) |
| MPS | Archeological Resources of the Metro Omaha Management Unit MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 09000069 |
| Added to NRHP | March 4, 2009 |


title: Matthias Ward

abstract: Matthias Ward was a lawyer and United States Senator from Texas.

text:
# Matthias Ward

**Matthias Ward** (October 13, 1805 – October 5, 1861) was a lawyer and United States Senator from Texas.

## Early life

Matthias Ward was born on October 13, 1805, in Elbert County, Georgia. Ward was raised in Madison County, Alabama. He attended an academy in Huntsville, Alabama, taught school and studied law. In 1836 he settled in Bowie, Texas, moving to Clarksville, Texas in 1845 and later to Jefferson, Texas.

## Career

Ward served in the seventh and eighth congresses of the Republic of Texas and later in the state senate as a Democrat from 1849 to 1850. This was followed by unsuccessful campaigns for lieutenant governor in 1851 and United States Congress in 1855. In 1855, he ran with a proslavery and states-right campaign against Lemuel D. Evans.

Upon J. Pinckney Henderson’s death in 1858, Ward was appointed to replace him in the United States Senate. He served from September 27, 1858, to December 5, 1859. He failed to secure the nomination to run for the seat in election the next year.

## Personal life

Ward died on October 5, 1861, in Warm Springs, North Carolina. He was buried Old Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee.

## InfoBox

| Matthias Ward | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Senator
from Texas | |
| **In office**
September 27, 1858  December 5, 1859 | |
| Appointed by | Hardin Richard Runnels |
| Preceded by | James P. Henderson |
| Succeeded by | Louis Wigfall |
| Member of the Texas Senate
from the 1st district | |
| **In office**
November 13, 1849  November 3, 1850 | |
| Preceded by | William M. "Buckskin" Williams |
| Succeeded by | Joseph H. Burks |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1805-10-13)October 13, 1805
Elbert County, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | October 5, 1861(1861-10-05) (aged 55)
Warm Springs, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Resting place | Old Cemetery
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Matthew Teed

abstract: Matthew Teed was a member of the Los Angeles Common Council, the governing body of that city, in various time periods between 1870 and 1888. Teed was born in Budleigh, Devonshire, England, on April 17, 1828, and came to San Francisco when he was about seventeen. He learned the carpentry trade there, then set up shop in Stockton. There he was burned out, in 1857, losing everything he had but the clothes he wore.... He then came to Los Angeles, at that time a town of about 3000 inhabitants, and from here went to the Denver mining districts, just then prominent in the public mind. He had many wild experiences in his travels across the plains, and much of the time was a companion of Louis Simmons, a son-in-law of the famous Kit Carson. Teed "struck out for the Northwest, visiting various points in Oregon and Washington Territory", then mined in the El Paso Mountains, ending up in Southern California. He worked for the U.S. government in Wilmington, then moved to Los Angeles, where he built a "substantial residence" on Fort Hill, the address being 513 California Street. In 1868 he and Anna Toner married. She died in 1878, and in 1899 he married Helen G. Wyatt of Lamanda Park. Teed was a Mason and a charter member of the Los Angeles Pioneers Association. Besides being on the Common Council, Teed was a member of the city's first Park Commission, beginning in 1895; he served six years. He died March 31, 1904, at the age of seventy-six. Cremation was at Evergreen Cemetery.

text:
# Matthew Teed

**Matthew Teed** (April 17, 1828 – March 31, 1904) was a member of the Los Angeles Common Council, the governing body of that city, in various time periods between 1870 and 1888.

Teed was born in Budleigh, Devonshire, England, on April 17, 1828, and came to San Francisco when he was about seventeen. He learned the carpentry trade there, then set up shop in Stockton.

> There he was burned out, in 1857, losing everything he had but the clothes he wore. . . . He then came to Los Angeles, at that time a town of about 3000 inhabitants, and from here went to the Denver mining districts, just then prominent in the public mind. He had many wild experiences in his travels across the plains, and much of the time was a companion of Louis Simmons, a son-in-law of the famous Kit Carson.

Teed "struck out for the Northwest, visiting various points in Oregon and Washington Territory", then mined in the El Paso Mountains, ending up in Southern California. He worked for the U.S. government in Wilmington, then moved to Los Angeles, where he built a "substantial residence" on Fort Hill (later Buena Vista Street, now North Broadway), the address being 513 California Street.

In 1868 he and Anna Toner married. She died in 1878, and in 1899 he married Helen G. Wyatt of Lamanda Park.

Teed was a Mason and a charter member of the Los Angeles Pioneers Association. Besides being on the Common Council, Teed was a member of the city's first Park Commission, beginning in 1895; he served six years.

He died March 31, 1904, at the age of seventy-six. Cremation was at Evergreen Cemetery.

Access to the *Los Angeles Times* links may require the use of a library card.

## InfoBox

| Matthew Teed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Los Angeles City Council for the 2nd ward | |
| **In office**
December 9, 1870  December 4, 1873 | |
| **In office**
December 18, 1874  December 8, 1876 | |
| **In office**
December 11, 1880  December 10, 1888 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1828-04-17)April 17, 1828
Budleigh, Devonshire |
| Died | March 31, 1904(1904-03-31) (aged 75)
Fort Moore, California |
| Political party | Democratic (until 1898)
Republican (after 1898) |
|  | |


title: Matthew Teefy

abstract: Matthew Teefy was postmaster, a general merchant, village clerk and a justice of the peace in Richmond Hill, Ontario.

text:
# Matthew Teefy

**Matthew Teefy** (April 18, 1822 – December 19, 1911) was postmaster, a general merchant, village clerk and a justice of the peace in Richmond Hill, Ontario.

## Biography

Born in Tipperary, Ireland, Teefy came to York, Upper Canada with his family at the age of two. He began his career by apprenticing as a printer.

In 1846 he married Betsy Clarkson, with whom he would go on to father nine children, six of whom survived to adulthood. The couple's first child was born March 2, 1847. Their second child, John Read Teefy, was born August 21, 1848. J.R. Teefy would be the namesake of Teefy House at the University of Toronto. Another son, Robert Baldwin Teefy, emigrated to California and became one of the founders of Bank of Italy, predecessor to the Bank of America.

Teefy was appointed postmaster of Richmond Hill on December 3, 1850, and the village's treasurer in 1873. He resigned his position as village treasurer in 1904, but remained the village postmaster until his death in 1911. At the time of his death he was the longest-serving postmaster in Canada. He was buried in St. Luke's Catholic church cemetery in Thornhill, Ontario.

Teefy Avenue in Richmond Hill is named in his honour.


title: Matthew Patten

abstract: Matthew Patten was an eighteenth-century judge and a resident of Bedford, New Hampshire. The diary he kept from 1744 to 1788 has been an important source for historians of New Hampshire.

text:
# Matthew Patten

**Matthew Patten** (May 19, 1719 – August 27, 1795) was an eighteenth-century judge and a resident of Bedford, New Hampshire. The diary he kept from 1744 to 1788 has been an important source for historians of New Hampshire.

## Biography

Patten was born in Ireland but moved to America in 1728 at the age of 9. He was appointed justice of the peace in 1751 and held that post until his death. In 1776 and 1777 he represented Bedford and Merrimack in the general courts.

## Published works

* *The Diary Of Matthew Patten Of Bedford, N.H. 1754-1788* (Rumford Printing Co., 1903; reprinted by Picton Press, 1993)


title: Thomas Osbert Mordaunt

abstract:
Thomas Osbert Mordaunt (1730–1809) was a British officer and poet, known for "The Call". Mordaunt was the son of Charles Mordaunt, also a soldier. His grandfather, Brigadier-General Lewis Mordaunt, was the younger brother of Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, sometime First Lord of the Treasury. He was commissioned ensign and lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards on 27 January 1753, and promoted captain-lieutenant in the 10th Regiment of Dragoons on 25 December 1755. He is recorded as having ultimately achieved the rank of major general. Mordaunt is best remembered for his oft-quoted poem "The Call", written during the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763:
  - "Sound, sound the clarion, fill the fife!
  - Throughout the sensual world proclaim,
  - One crowded hour of glorious life
  - Is worth an age without a name." For many years, the poem was incorrectly attributed to Mordaunt's contemporary, Sir Walter Scott. Scott had merely quoted a stanza of the poem at the beginning of Chapter 34 of his novel Old Mortality. One Crowded Hour, Tim Bowden's biography of Australian combat cameraman Neil Davis, takes its title from a phrase used in "The Call". Arthur Conan Doyle's short story, One Crowded Hour, makes ironic use of the same phrase.

text:
# Thomas Osbert Mordaunt

**Thomas Osbert Mordaunt** (1730–1809) was a British officer and poet, known for "The Call".

Mordaunt was the son of Charles Mordaunt, also a soldier. His grandfather, Brigadier-General Lewis Mordaunt, was the younger brother of Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, sometime First Lord of the Treasury. He was commissioned ensign and lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards on 27 January 1753, and promoted captain-lieutenant in the 10th Regiment of Dragoons on 25 December 1755. He is recorded as having ultimately achieved the rank of major general.

Mordaunt is best remembered for his oft-quoted poem "The Call", written during the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763:

"Sound, sound the clarion, fill the fife! Throughout the sensual world proclaim, One crowded hour of glorious life Is worth an age without a name."

For many years, the poem was incorrectly attributed to Mordaunt's contemporary, Sir Walter Scott. Scott had merely quoted a stanza of the poem at the beginning of Chapter 34 (Chapter XIII of Volume II) of his novel *Old Mortality*.

*One Crowded Hour*, Tim Bowden's biography of Australian combat cameraman Neil Davis, takes its title from a phrase used in "The Call". Arthur Conan Doyle's short story, *One Crowded Hour*, makes ironic use of the same phrase.

1. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Moels to Nuneham, G. E. Cokayne, The St Catherine Press, 1936, pg 203
2. "Mordaunt Family History and Genealogy Resource". Retrieved 1 December 2017.
3. Mackinnon, Daniel (1833). *Origin and Services of the Coldstream Guards*. Vol. II. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 486–487.
4. "The Project Gutenberg eBook of Old Mortality, by Sir Walter Scott". *www.gutenberg.org*. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
5. "One Crowded Hour, by Arthur Conan Doyle". Retrieved 17 October 2021.


title: Frank Richardson (police officer)

abstract: Frank Richardson (1851–1938) was an English policeman. He joined the Birmingham City Police in 1873 as a constable third class. Within one year he was promoted to constable second class and one year later to constable first class. In 1878 he was promoted to sergeant within the same force, and in 1882 he applied to be chief constable of Hereford, Herefordshire and was successful. He remained in this post, receiving the King's Police Coronation Medal in 1912 and being decorated at Buckingham Palace in 1917. He was at that time the "Most Senior Chief Constable of England" He had married in 1870 and had nine children of which seven were sons with only one not joining the police service. In total he and his family provided 176 years service to the constabularies of England and South Africa. Between 1903 and 1920 there were three Chief Constable Richardsons in office. He was also the chief fire brigade officer of Hereford, adding many innovations to the fire service.

text:
# Frank Richardson (police officer)

**Frank Richardson** KPM (1851–1938) was an English policeman. He joined the Birmingham City Police in 1873 as a constable third class. Within one year he was promoted to constable second class and one year later to constable first class. In 1878 he was promoted to sergeant within the same force, and in 1882 he applied to be chief constable of Hereford, Herefordshire and was successful. He remained in this post, receiving the King's Police Coronation Medal in 1912 and being decorated at Buckingham Palace in 1917. He was at that time the "Most Senior Chief Constable of England" He had married in 1870 and had nine children of which seven were sons with only one not joining the police service. In total he and his family provided 176 years service to the constabularies of England and South Africa. Between 1903 and 1920 there were three Chief Constable Richardsons in office. He was also the chief fire brigade officer of Hereford, adding many innovations to the fire service.

## Early life

Frank Richardson was baptised Frank Richardson Green. He was the fifth child of James (1823–1885) and Alvina (1828–1886) Green, of Upton St Leonards, near Gloucester, Gloucestershire. His father was a builder, stonemason and bricklayer, who usually employed about five or six men. He was also a deputy overseer.

At the age of five he went to the village school. From the age of eleven until seventeen he attended a prestigious school in central Gloucester. Like his brothers and sisters, he also had to work on the family smallholding. His father and grandfather had a strong work ethic which was passed on to all the children and in Richardson Green's case it led to him using his home knowledge to set up his own business in Gloucester at the early age of seventeen. At twenty he married Mary Taylor (1851–1894) and they immediately moved to Birmingham where he started another business. Later in the year Frank Richardson Green and his wife returned to Gloucester, where their first child was born. For a while he ran a successful business in central Gloucester but in August 1872 they returned to Birmingham where he joined the Birmingham Police Force.

## Birmingham

At this point Frank Richardson Green dropped his surname and became Frank Richardson. He joined the City of Birmingham Police Force on 21 August 1873. He was stationed as a uniformed police officer at Moor Street Police Station, a central station in the heart of the city. The family lived in a *court*, a collection of houses forming a square and overlooking a courtyard, very characteristic of Birmingham city centre at this time. Birmingham in this period was controlled by gangs and was a violent city. During his time in Birmingham, he worked closely with Detective (later Chief Superintendent) Gerard Van Helden who was to become very well known later. Richardson was promoted to constable second class, in August 1874 which coincided with the birth of his second son Alfred Herbert Richardson (who was to become chief constable of Halifax). In March 1875 he was again promoted, to constable first class and in 1878 to sergeant. Promotion brought a move in accommodation to an improved location but still within the city centre. This was considered to be a very rapid rate of promotion. In 1882, the City of Hereford advertised for the office of superintendent of police and chief fire brigade officer. It was very unusual to have a post within the Constabulary which combined both police and fire chief. Richardson applied and went for his first interview in November of that year. One week later after further selections Richardson was offered the post.

## Hereford

The Chief Constable's accommodation was a large one-storey house on its own grounds, known as Security Villa, DeLacey Street within the City of Hereford Police Complex. This complex of buildings, built in the late 1880s, was very austere without the usual Victorian design extras. The complex also housed the fire station, the firemen's married accommodation, the single constables' accommodation, the police station, the magistrates' court and administration offices. The Hereford Police Station was a former gaol in Gaol Street, Hereford. It was built in 1841 and occupied the whole of the first floor of the building, the magistrates' court (which has a wide glass roof) and the court administration offices occupied the ground floor. The basement housed six cells, a restraining cell and police offices which were used when the court was sitting. A short staircase led from here to the witness box in the courtroom. Chief Constable Richardson in his new position had a large range of duties ranging from the licensing of hackney carriages to being inspector of contagious diseases and a requirement to always appear in uniform.

City fire departments were in their infancy in 1883 and for an individual to lead both the police and fire departments was an innovation in Hereford. Soon after his arrival, he wrote to the Mayor of Hereford referring to the possible appointment of seven men as firemen. Up until this time policemen carried out fire-fighting, and he wanted a new situation whereby if policemen arrived first at a fire, they would fight the fire but give way to the firemen when they arrived. The letter also suggests that both the police officers and the seven new firemen men should receive training as fire-fighters. This was agreed by the Watch Committee of Hereford City Council. After further discussion, the seven fire fighters were integrated into the police force, using them as constables when there were no fires to be fought. Richardson also introduced a new grey uniform for the fire fighters. A post boy was employed as a runner; one of his duties was to run to the Merton Meadows or the Green Dragon Public House in Broad Street, Hereford, to collect two horses to pull a steam driven fire engine named the *Nell Gwynne*. A charge of five pounds five shillings was made for attendance of the steam fire engine. The fire station had a bell which was tolled to call the fireman out. The seven firemen each had houses in DeLacey Street and electric alarm bells were installed. The Chief Constable also had an electric bell installed at Security Villa which alerted him of a fire. Also a horse and gig cart from the Security Villa's own small stable was made ready by a policeman. In later years, a taxi would automatically arrive at the front door, again, summoned by the duty police officer. Richardson took great pride in his creation. Apart from the grey uniform, red piping was later added, plus three sets of fire headgear, boots and axes and a motto "Always Ready". In 1885 300 yards of canvas hose, couplings and stand pipes and a "telescopic fire escape" were added to the equipment. This made the use of the old leather buckets obsolete. He distributed hand-held "fire extinguishers", patented in 1868, to public and larger buildings. These contained about a gallon of water in a sealed glass container within a smaller metal canister. There was a weak point created at the top of the glass and the idea was to throw it on the fire where it would spray water. In 1907 a severe fire broke out at Rotherwas House, a country gentleman's mansion with an historic chapel, just outside the city limits. Richardson broke the councils rules by rushing to the scene and prevented the blaze from spreading. Horses pulled fire engines in Hereford until 1908 when a motorized unit was purchased. As a further refinement the 1912 "list of beats" for the city police showed that certain city centre night beats were designated "fire escape beats". These were the areas with a higher risk of fire and ensured a rapid response for the heart of the city. This arrangement continued until the 1930s. The officers on the special beat list occupied a row of houses in DeLacy Street, adjacent to the police and fire stations.

It does underline the city police's role as a dual law and order and fire-fighting organization, with Frank Richardson being in charge of both organizations. Like many Chief Constables, Richardson often acted a prosecutor at the magistrates' court, so he could be out fighting fires during the night and prosecuting in court the following day. A Report by the Chief Constable was published by the Magistrates Clerk from the Hereford Watch Committee on 2 September 1898 which went into great detail concerning the Licensing of premises in Hereford. The Annual Police Return for 1899 was presented by the Magistrates Clerk from the Hereford Watch Committee who read the contents as supplied by the Head Constable, Frank Richardson, at a Session following a speech by the Bishop of Hereford who was concerned about the number of licensed premises in the city and the serving of children. A further report from the Hereford Watch Committee was published in 1899 concerning the Hereford Police Force from statistics supplied by the Chief Constable. This showed the force had thirty three officers at a cost of £1,744 from the local rates. At this time he asked for an increase in salary, which was granted. From 15 November 1899 until 10 May 1900 Frank Richardson was the Charging Officer in six cases which came to court. He was also head of the Hereford St. John Ambulance brigade and chairman of the Belmonty Football Club in Hereford. During his time in office Frank Richardson made use of the *Police Gazette*, a police magazine sent weekly to senior police officers. to publicize local cases in particular. An early example concerned a large amount of stolen goods. Another, the search for a male. Like two of his sons, Ernest Frank Richardson, Chief Constable of Salisbury, Wiltshire and Alfred Herbert Richardson, Chief Constable of Halifax, Yorkshire, Frank Richardson liked horses and wanted to use them for policing and crowd control. After the success of a 1906 trial and usage with the Royal Family in Salisbury, a mounted section was created in 1911.

An official photograph was taken of the whole of the Hereford Police Force in the police complex grounds in 1912 and printed in *The Hereford Times* under the heading "The gallant men who protect our lives and property". Also in 1912 Richardson was awarded the King's Police Coronation Medal at a ceremony in the Hereford Guildhall and presented by the Mayor of Hereford and a full bench of magistrates. A photograph taken in 1914 showing the Special Constable Unit set up in preparation for the expected war with Germany. Richardson was in charge of them as well as his other duties. During the War years these men proved invaluable in policing Hereford. In February 1917 The King awarded Police Medals and Frank Richardson was a recipient. The citation stated "Exceptional detective ability in serious cases of crime and admirable service as Chief of City Fire Brigade". He went to Buckingham Palace on Wednesday 24 March 1917 to receive the award from the King. A special police operation took place in February 1918 when an ambulance train arrived at Hereford carrying many war wounded bound for hospitals in Shrewsbury, a town north of Hereford. The policing arrangements came under the personal direction of the Chief Constable.

An official photograph of Richardson on a white horse in full dress uniform was taken outside the Hereford Police Station, Gaol Street, in 1919. This photograph was used in the local press and various publications which mentioned his career when he would retire at the end of the year. He retired from his post on 30 December 1919. His last official appearance in his position as Chief Constable of Hereford was appropriately enough in the court where he had presented many cases over the years on Friday 16 January 1920 when the mayor and city officials publicly thanked him for all his years of service. After a final bow to the court he, accompanied by his successor, Mr. Rawson, "addressed an unusually good muster of the city Police Force, who had formed up at the Parade Office at the Police Station." A week earlier he had been presented with an illuminated address by the council and magistrates. The city Fire Brigade held a separate presentation to their chief in the following week when he was reported to have made a long speech detailing the fires he had attended since 1883. He had also received a solid silver tea set from members of the Hereford City Police. During his time in office he had served three monarchs and over twenty mayors.

## Family life

Richardson, born in the village of Upton St Leonards, Gloucestershire, progressed from the village school education to Greyfriars School in central Gloucester. Afterwards he became a businessman before entering the police force, firstly at Birmingham and later Hereford. He married Mary Taylor from Cheltenham in 1871. Their first son, Ernest Frank, was born in 1872 and he joined the Gloucester City Police in 1892 and in 1903 became the chief constable of Salisbury Wiltshire. Their second son, Alfred Herbert, joined the Birmingham City Police in 1891 and became the chief constable of Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1901 and later of Halifax, West Yorkshire. Their third child, James William, was born in 1886, and he became a businessman in Worcestershire, a police lieutenant in the South African Police Force, then a soldier and was killed in 1907 at Germiston, Johannesburg saving some Chinese mine workers. Their third son, Harry Lionel, was the only son not to join a police force, he became the planning officer for a council in West Sussex. Their fourth son, Major Hubert, born in 1885, joined the City of Birmingham Police Force in 1904. He was stationed in the chief constable's office and rose to the rank of sergeant and stayed at that rank and in that location until he retired in 1938. Ralph Nelson was their fifth son, born in 1886, and he joined the South African Police Force and was killed in a skirmish in Florida, South Africa in 1907. He has a large monument dedicated to his bravery in the Braamfontein Cemetery. Of their daughters, Alice was born in 1881 and became an assistant matron at Worcester Hospital, Worcestershire. Kate was born in 1891 and dedicated her life to looking after her father both at work and in his retirement. Gladys, born in 1894, became a businesswoman owning two milliners shops in central Wales. Richardson's wife Mary died in childbirth in 1894. He remarried in 1896 Mary Fanny Farr, a widow of a local hotel owner and businessman Charles Farr. She died in 1912.

On 20 January 1885, Frank Richardson Green had officially changed his name by Deed Poll. This is confirmed in all instances outside of the police force by an insertion into *Kellys Trade and Residents Directory* of 1885. They had re-affirmed their marriage a few days earlier.

In 1900 Chief Constable Frank Richardson had become eligible for a police pension but was persuaded by the Hereford Watch Committee to stay in his post - which he did until 1920. He did however rent a house in the village of his birth, Upton St Leonards, Gloucestershire in February 1899, later purchasing it in 1912. A few years later he purchased the cottage in the village where he was born. After his retirement it is thought he never returned to Hereford. In 1926 he visited Salisbury, Wiltshire, for the wedding of one of his granddaughters (daughter of his son Ernest Frank) Doris Richardson (1905–1990) to William Walker (1900–1969) but not the wedding of another granddaughter Nora Trixie Richardson in 1933. In 1931 he marked the occasion by having every member of the family at his (retirement)house and which the local press noted by writing : A long and honourable career in the Police Force is recalled by the celebrations of his 80th birthday on Oct 3rd by Mr. Frank Richardson, formerly Chief Constable of Hereford who since he left the city has been enjoying a well earned repose in the town of his birth Upton St Leonards in the neighbouring county of Gloucestershire. Mr. Richardson had been Chief Constable of Hereford for 37 years when he resigned towards the end of 1919. He served the city faithfully during that long period. Altogether Mr. Richardson served the Force nearly 50 years and at the time of his retirement was senior Chief Constable of England. Normally in good health, he died unexpectedly in February 1938 at his home in Upton St Leonards. His funeral and burial took place at the family grave site in Hereford cemetery with many family and relatives attending plus police and fire service representatives. The local newspapers printed an article about the funeral: Largely Attended Funeral of Former Hereford Police Chief. There was a large attendance of police representatives and former associates at the funeral at Hereford on Friday afternoon of the late Mr. Frank Richardson, from 1862 to 1912 Chief Constable of Hereford, whose death at Upton St Leonards, Gloucestershire, was reported in last week's Hereford Times. Prior to the interment at the Hereford cemetery, a service was conducted in St Peters church by the Vicar (the Rev. G. Foster Carter.) The article then included a long list of mourners and wreaths. He was buried with his first wife and youngest daughter who pre-deceased him.


title: Franklin Nutting Parker

abstract: Franklin Nutting Parker was the second dean of Candler School of Theology, serving from 1919 to 1937.

text:
# Franklin Nutting Parker

**Franklin Nutting Parker** (May 20, 1867 – March 1, 1954) was the second dean of Candler School of Theology, serving from 1919 to 1937.

## General Biography

Franklin Nutting Parker was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on May 20, 1867. He was the son of Bishop Linus Parker and Ellen Katherine Burruss Parker. He attended Centenary College of Louisiana and then Tulane University. Parker served in churches throughout Louisiana until 1911 when he left to become the professor of Biblical literature at Trinity College in Durham, North Carolina (now known as Duke University). He taught there for three years until he was sought by Bishop Warren A. Candler to come to the newly founded Candler School of Theology at Emory University, where Parker would spend the rest of his life. He occupied the chair of systematic theology from 1915 to 1918, and then became dean of the school in 1919. Parker served as dean until 1938 when he became dean emeritus. He continued teaching, however, until 1942.

Parker was married to Minnie Greeves Jones, and they had two daughters. Franklin N. Parker died on March 1, 1954, in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Emory University Candler School of Theology

When Dean Durham resigned in November 1918, the chair was held for a month by Dean Howard. Dr. Parker became Dean on January 1, 1919, and served in that position until June 1937 (he was 71 years old). Like Dean Durham before him, he remained an active member of the faculty until his retirement in 1942 at 81 years of age.

In 1918, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South elected Dr. Parker a bishop. He declined. In 1922 he would not allow his name to be put into nomination for bishop, as he preferred to remain working as Dean.

In 1920, Dr. Parker served as Acting Chancellor after Warren A. Candler asked to resign and then as Acting President when Bishop Candler reluctantly resumed the chancellorship for a period of time. In the fall of 1920, Dr. Harvey Warner Cox assumed the office of president for the University.

### Controversies

Tensions had existed in the Durham administration of Candler School of Theology, but they became a crucial problem for Dean Parker. The liberal leanings of the school and faculty were well known in the institutional church. The church's suspicions of Candler were based primarily on the theological liberalism of Professors Sledd, Smart and Shelton. These professors were committed to a historical critical approach to the Bible (commonly known as higher criticism).

### Franklin N. Parker Chair

Methodist ministers in the Southeastern Jurisdiction of the church created an endowment fund for a named professorship in 1940. The title of Franklin N. Parker Chair was first given in 1953. The following faculty have held the Parker Chair:

Mack B. Stokes, Systematic Theology: 1953-1972

Charles Gerkin, Pastoral Theology: 1970-1992

Don E. Saliers, Theology and Worship: 1997-2000

John H. Hayes, Hebrew Bible: 2006-2007

David L. Peterson, Hebrew Bible: 2009-2010

John R. Snarey, Human Development and Ethics: 2014–present.

1. Boone M. Bowen, *The Candler School of Theology: Sixty Years of Service*, Emory University Press: Atlanta, GA, 1974. p. 35.


title: Thomas Starkey

abstract: Thomas Starkey was an English political theorist, humanist, and royal servant.

text:
# Thomas Starkey

**Thomas Starkey** (c. 1498–1538) was an English political theorist, humanist, and royal servant.

## Life

Starkey was born in Cheshire, probably at Wrenbury, to Thomas Starkey and Maud Mainwaring. His father likely held office in Wales and was wealthy enough to pay for his son's education. His mother, Maud, was a daughter of Sir John Mainwaring, one of the wealthiest men in the palatinate.

He attended the University of Oxford and gained an MA at Magdalen College in 1521. He went to Padua with Thomas Lupset in 1523. Here he studied the works of Aristotle and admired the government of Venice. By 1529 he had entered the service of Reginald Pole as secretary. Together with Pole, Starkey went to Avignon in 1532 where he studied civil law, before returning to Padua.

Starkey returned to England in late 1534 and caught the eye of Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to Henry VIII, in early 1535. Cromwell used Starkey to handle intelligence from Italy and as a royal propagandist.

His deep ties to Reginald Pole proved somewhat detrimental to his career, especially after a manuscript of Pole's *De unitate*, a savage attack on Henry VIII, arrived in England in 1536. These same ties to Pole and his family made him a subject of investigation in the 1538 Exeter Conspiracy. He died on 25 August 1538, perhaps of plague.

## Works

Between 1529 and 1532 Starkey wrote his *A Dialogue between Pole and Lupset*, later known as *Starkey's England*. Cast as a dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset, the *Dialogue* is one of the most significant works of political thought written in English in the first half of the sixteenth century. In 1536 he published *An Exhortation to the People instructing them to Unity and Obedience*, a defence of Royal Supremacy and commissioned by Thomas Cromwell.

* Kathleen M. Burton (editor) (1948), *A Dialogue Between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset*
* Arthur Kinney, *Tudor England: An Encyclopedia* (Garland Science, 2000)
* Thomas F. Mayer, *Faction and Ideology: Thomas Starkey's Dialogue* Historical Journal, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 1–25
* "Starkey, Thomas". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26318. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)


title: Maud Nelson

abstract: Maud Nelson was an early Italian-born American professional woman baseball pitcher, scout, manager, and team owner.

text:
# Maud Nelson

**Maud Nelson** (born **Clementina Brida**, November 17, 1881 - February 15, 1944) was an early Italian-born American professional woman baseball pitcher, scout, manager, and team owner.

## Life

Nelson began pitching professionally at the age of 16, as a starting pitcher for the Boston Bloomer Girls. She played for several professional baseball teams, including the American Athletic Girls. She was a leading player of the Chicago Stars who were billed as "Champions of the World". She was their star pitcher during 1902 and 1903 when the team would tour by Pullman coach. In addition to her starting pitching duties, she often played third base in the later innings of a game. Other skilful players in the Chicago team was Julie St Clair and Maggie Burke.

In 1905 John B (Joe) Olsen and Nelson moved to Watervliet, Michigan where they established a new women's baseball team. The "Cherokee Indian Base Ball Team" set out in their Pullman car in the same year complete with an electric light facility, a grand stand and a 12 foot by 1200 foot fence. Nelson despite being born in Italy was on the team. She was billed by her husband, Olsen, as the undisputed women's champion pitcher of the world.

In 1911, Maud Nelson became owner-manager of the Western Bloomer Girls, along with her first husband, Olsen. The "Bloomer Girl" style was well known with an easier game and the bloomer style of dress was strongly associated with women's baseball. She also became a baseball scout in 1911, recruiting both male and female players for a number of professional teams. After John died in 1917, Maud again played for Boston, and managed a women's team for the Chicago Athletic Club.

In the early 1920s, Maud married Costante Dellacqua, with whom she later started the All Star Ranger Girls team. The team wore cowboys hats, skirts, shirts and cardigans with the initials A and R on the sleeve. In 1934 she signed future star Rose Gacioch to her team. This was towards the end of the Bloomer Girls teams as softball became the more popular game. Nelson retired to a house in the neighborhood of Wrigley Field, living there until her death in 1944. In 2001, Nelson became part of the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame as a posthumous inductee.

## Sources

* Gregorich, Barbara (1993). *Women at Play: The Story of Women in Baseball*. Harcourt Brace and Company. pp. 6–11.
* "The Girls of Summer". Retrieved January 18, 2007.

## InfoBox

| Maud Nelson | |
| --- | --- |
| in "Olsen's Cherokee Indian Base Ball Club" | |
| Born | Clementina Brida
November 17, 1881 (1881-11-17)
Italy |
| Died | February 15, 1944 (1944-02-16) (aged 62)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Baseball player, coach, team owner |
| Spouse | Joe Olsen |


title: Fred W. Draper

abstract: Fredrick William Draper was an American politician and educator. Born in Dundee, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, in the town of Osceola, Draper moved with his parents to Loyal, Clark County, Wisconsin. Draper went to the Loyal Public Schools and then to Oshkosh Normal School. Clark taught school in Clark County. From 1901 to 1911, Draper was Clark County Circuit Court Clerk and was a Republican. He also served on the school board and was justice of the peace. In 1911, Draper served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Draper moved to Greensboro, North Carolina to live with his daughter. He died in Greensboro and was buried in his hometown of Loyal.

text:
# Fred W. Draper

**Fredrick William Draper** (July 22, 1868  September 2, 1962) was an American politician and educator.

Born in Dundee, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, in the town of Osceola, Draper moved with his parents to Loyal, Clark County, Wisconsin. Draper went to the Loyal Public Schools and then to Oshkosh Normal School (now University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh). Clark taught school in Clark County. From 1901 to 1911, Draper was Clark County Circuit Court Clerk and was a Republican. He also served on the school board and was justice of the peace. In 1911, Draper served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Draper moved to Greensboro, North Carolina to live with his daughter. He died in Greensboro and was buried in his hometown of Loyal.


title: Maureen Gaynor

abstract: Maureen Gaynor is a paralympic athlete from the United States competing mainly in category C1 events. Gaynor competed in two events in the 1984 Summer Paralympics in athletics. She won gold medals in both.

text:
# Maureen Gaynor

**Maureen Gaynor** is a paralympic athlete from the United States competing mainly in category C1 events.

Gaynor competed in two events in the 1984 Summer Paralympics in athletics. She won gold medals in both.

## InfoBox

Maureen Gaynor
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  United States | | |
| Paralympic Games | | |
| Athletics | | |
|  | 1984 New York / Stoke Mandeville | Women's Distance Throw C1 |
|  | 1984 New York / Stoke Mandeville | Women's Slalom C1 |


title: Fred A. Vaughn

abstract: Fred A. Vaughn was an American educator, attorney, and politician who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1920 to 1924. He also served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1904 to 1906 and Judge/Executive of Johnson County, Kentucky from 1913 to 1920. He was a member of the Republican Party.

text:
# Fred A. Vaughn

**Fred A. Vaughn** (December 8, 1876 – January 21, 1927) was an American educator, attorney, and politician who served as Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1920 to 1924. He also served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1904 to 1906 and Judge/Executive of Johnson County, Kentucky from 1913 to 1920. He was a member of the Republican Party.

## Early life and education

Fred A. Vaughn was born on December 8, 1876, in Paintsville, Johnson County, Kentucky, as the fifth child of H.S. Vaughn, a local politician, and Mary E. Burgess. He received a common education from Paintsville public schools. He attended the University of Kentucky and learned law at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He then taught as a teacher at the Big Sandy Valley Seminary for 10 years. He married Mary Muir Halstead in 1914, they had no children.

## Career

In 1904, Vaughn was elected a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Johnson and Martin counties. He served for one term from 1904 to 1906, when he was appointed chairman of the Republican campaign committee in Kentucky's 10th congressional district, which elected John W. Langley to serve as representative that year. He also served as Langley's assistant in Washington D.C. until 1909. For the next 10 years, he worked for the United States Census Bureau.

In 1913, Vaughn was elected Judge/Executive of Johnson County, Kentucky, and was re-elected in 1917. In 1919, he ran for secretary of state of Kentucky against Matt S. Cohen. Vaughn defeated Cohen taking 5,302 votes to Cohen's 5,136 votes. After being elected secretary of state, Vaughn resigned from his position as judge of Johnson County, in order to take on full duties as secretary of state. He served as secretary of state for four years from 1920 to 1924 under governors Edwin P. Morrow and William J. Fields. He also served in a variety of positions on several different school boards. He served on the Board of Regents of Eastern Kentucky University for 10 years.

After leaving office, Vaughn worked as a receiver for the Ohio Valley Fire and Marine Insurance Company. He also practiced law in Frankfort, Kentucky for several years, and in 1926, he moved back to Paintsville to practice law there. He also planned to run for judge of the 24th Judicial District.

## Death

Vaughn died on the morning of January 21, 1927, in Paintsville, Kentucky, at the age of 50. He died of a stroke caused by high blood pressure. He was buried at the Mayo Cemetery in Paintsville, Kentucky.

## InfoBox

| Fred A. Vaughn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 61st Secretary of State of Kentucky | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1920  January 1, 1924 | |
| Governor | Edwin P. Morrow
William J. Fields |
| Preceded by | James P. Lewis |
| Succeeded by | Emma Guy Cromwell |
| Judge of Johnson County, Kentucky | |
| **In office**
1913–1919 | |
| Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Johnson and Martin counties | |
| **In office**
1904–1906 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1876-12-08)December 8, 1876
Paintsville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | January 21, 1927(1927-01-21) (aged 50)
Paintsville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Resting place | Mayo Cemetery, Paintsville, Kentucky |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Mary Muir Halstead (m. 1914) |
| Parent(s) | H.S. Vaughn
Mary E. Burgess |
| Education | University of Kentucky
George Washington University |
|  | |


title: Thomasina Scarlet

abstract: Thomasina Scarlet practiced medicine in Elizabethan London from 1578 to 1610. Scarlet was an empiric who treated patients in her private practice. During the span of roughly 32 years in which she practiced, she was prosecuted at least five times by the College of Physicians for unlicensed practice.

text:
# Thomasina Scarlet

**Thomasina Scarlet** practiced medicine in Elizabethan London from 1578 to 1610. Scarlet was an empiric who treated patients in her private practice. During the span of roughly 32 years in which she practiced, she was prosecuted at least five times by the College of Physicians for unlicensed practice.

## Female practitioners in Elizabethan London

In Elizabethan London, women had a variety of medical roles, including midwives, searchers, nurses, hospital matrons, surgeons, and empirics. Some women married male surgeons or apothecaries and established joint medical practices. Another important role women during this time had in medicine was as caregivers and nurses. It was common at this time for doctors and surgeons to treat patients who has chronic illnesses, this created a large demand for skilled, caring medical professionals to see to it that these patients in pain would be properly taken care of, a role filled almost exclusively by women. Searchers, were mostly women hired by a low tier of government known as a parish. They functioned similarly to what a coroner does today, trying to find the cause of death in a body. Hospital matrons reformed nursing departments throughout Elizabethan London, transforming being a nurse from a job of mainly widows, to a respected position desired by middle and upper-class women.

## Career and court cases

Throughout her years working as a medical professional, Scarlet helped many people. She worked as an empiric, a medical professional who observed patients and made a diagnosis based on the symptoms they showed. Working as an empiric, she was able to develop a few medical remedies, her most well known was a chemical ointment she produced. Her ointment was the reason she was brought to court both her second and third times, both of which resulted in guilty sentences. Scarlet clearly was not able to practice medicine in peace, although her practice had very similar procedures and functioned very similarly to men's practices at the time, she was targeted and brought into court many times due to unlicensed medical practice. Thomasina Scarlet was brought to court approximately five times that we know of, all of them resulted in a guilty sentence, many involving heavy fines, imprisonment, and even vowing to abstain from practicing medicine in the future. The majority of her court cases involved her treatment with purgatives, her clients would often make complaints to the College of Physicians claiming her treatments were ineffective, resulting in her many court cases. She was first brought before the court in 1588 due to her husband informing against her. She was accused of two crimes, giving purgatives to patients, and giving emetics and medical advice to over 100 people, she was found guilty and imprisoned. She was brought in again in 1595 accused of two more crimes, giving a purge and ointment to a man and giving antimony in white wine. She was again found guilty and sentenced to time in prison. She appeared before the court again in 1598, accused of treating an ulcerated knee with an ointment made of mercury, she was found guilty again, fined £10 and sentenced to prison again. In 1603 she was brought before the court again, she confessed to treating a patient and was fined £5 and imprisoned again. In 1610 she appeared before the court one last time and promised to abstain from practicing medicine.

1. "SCARLET, Thomasina | British History Online". *www.british-history.ac.uk*. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
2. Harkness, Deborah (2008). "A View from the Streets: Women and Medical Work in Elizabethan London" (PDF). *Bulletin of the History of Medicine*. **82** (1): 53–85. doi:10.1353/bhm.2008.0001. JSTOR 44448506. PMID 18344585. S2CID 5695475  via JSTOR.
3. Maury Robin, Diana (2007). *Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance*. ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-1-85109-777-7.
4. Harkness, Deborah (2007). *The Jewel House: Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution*. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11196-5.


title: Thomas Whittaker (rugby league)

abstract: Thomas "Tom" Whittaker was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played at club level for Wigan, as a forward.

text:
# Thomas Whittaker (rugby league)

**Thomas "Tom" Whittaker** (birth unknown – death unknown) was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played at club level for Wigan, as a forward.

## Playing career

### Championship final appearances

Tom Whittaker played as a forward in Wigan's 7-3 victory over Oldham in the Championship Final during 1908–09 season at The Willows, Salford on Saturday 1 May 1909.

### County League appearances

Tom Whittaker played in Wigan's victories in the Lancashire League during the 1908–09 season, 1910–11 season, 1911–12 season, 1912–13 season, 1913–14 season, and 1914–15 season.

### County Cup Final appearances

Tom Whittaker played as a forward in Wigan's 0-0 draw with Leigh in the 1905 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1905–06 season at Wheater's Field, Broughton, on Saturday 2 December 1905, played as a forward in the 8-0 victory over Leigh in the 1905 Lancashire Cup Final replay during the 1905–06 season at Wheater's Field, Broughton, on Monday 11 December 1905, played as a forward in the 10-9 victory over Oldham in the 1908 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1908–09 season at Wheater's Field, Broughton, on Saturday 19 December 1908, played as a forward in the 22-5 victory over Leigh in the 1909 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1909–10 season at Wheater's Field, Broughton, on Saturday 27 November 1909. and played as a forward in the 21-5 victory over Rochdale Hornets in the 1912 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1912–13 season at Weaste, Salford, on Wednesday 11 December 1912.

### Notable tour matches

Tom Whittaker played as a forward in Wigan's 10-7 victory over Australia in the 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain match at Central Park, Wigan, on Saturday 9 January 1909, and played as a forward in the 16-8 victory over Australia in the 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain match at Central Park, Wigan, on Wednesday 20 January 1909.

### Club career

He made his début for Wigan in the 0-14 defeat by Hunslet F.C. at Parkside, Hunslet on Saturday 5 September 1903, he scored his first try for Wigan in the 15-3 victory over St. Helens at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 7 January 1905, he scored his last try for Wigan in the 18-3 victory over Huddersfield in the 1911 Challenge Cup round-1 match at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Saturday 18 February 1911, and he played his last match for Wigan in the 4-15 defeat by Leeds in the Championship play-off semi-final match at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 17 April 1915. During Tom Whittaker's time at Wigan, they also won the South West Lancashire League during the 1904–05 season, and 1905–06 season.

## InfoBox

Thomas Whittaker
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Whittaker |
| Born | unknown |
| Died | unknown |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Forward |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1903–15 Wigan 291 22 0 0 66 | |


title: Fred Beavis

abstract: Frederick J. Beavis was a longtime city councillor in Toronto, Ontario, who briefly served as interim mayor of the city in 1978. Beavis operated the Beavis Bros. Roofing Co. with his brothers before becoming a full-time politician. Beavis became an alderman in 1961 in the city's Ward 1 for Riverdale, Toronto. Except for a brief period between 1975 and 1977, he served on the council until 1988. He served on several committees and sat on Metro Council as well. He was also a member of Metro's executive committee. After mayor David Crombie had resigned in August 1978 to enter federal politics, city council became deadlocked with regards to voting in a new interim mayor. Beavis and fellow councillor Anne Johnston each had an equal number of votes. With the consent of both candidates, the decision was made to put both names into a hat, and the name picked out of the hat would officially be pronounced interim mayor. Beavis won and became Toronto's mayor until John Sewell was elected by the public two months later. Beavis lost his council seat to NDP candidate Marilyn Churley in the 1988 municipal election. Beavis died of pneumonia on July 11, 1997, at St Michael's hospital. His wife Frances died in 1980. Their grandson, Michael Hainsworth, is a broadcast journalist.

text:
# Fred Beavis

**Frederick J. Beavis** (October 8, 1914 – July 11, 1997) was a longtime city councillor in Toronto, Ontario, who briefly served as interim mayor of the city in 1978.

Beavis operated the *Beavis Bros. Roofing Co.* with his brothers before becoming a full-time politician.

Beavis became an alderman in 1961 in the city's Ward 1 (Ward 8 1974–1985, Metro Ward 8 1985–1988) for Riverdale, Toronto. Except for a brief period between 1975 and 1977, he served on the council until 1988. He served on several committees and sat on Metro Council as well. He was also a member of Metro's executive committee.

After mayor David Crombie had resigned in August 1978 to enter federal politics, city council became deadlocked with regards to voting in a new interim mayor. Beavis and fellow councillor Anne Johnston each had an equal number of votes. With the consent of both candidates, the decision was made to put both names into a hat, and the name picked out of the hat would officially be pronounced interim mayor. Beavis won and became Toronto's mayor until John Sewell was elected by the public two months later.

Beavis lost his council seat to NDP candidate Marilyn Churley in the 1988 municipal election.

Beavis died of pneumonia on July 11, 1997, at St Michael's hospital. His wife Frances died in 1980. Their grandson, Michael Hainsworth, is a broadcast journalist.

## InfoBox

| Frederick J. Beavis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 57th Mayor of Toronto, acting | |
| **In office**
September 1, 1978  November 30, 1978 | |
| Preceded by | David Crombie |
| Succeeded by | John Sewell |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1914-10-08)October 8, 1914
Toronto, Ontario |
| Died | July 11, 1997(1997-07-11) (aged 82)
Toronto, Ontario |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Spouse | Frances Beavis |
| Occupation | business owner (Beavis Bros. Roofing) |
|  | |


title: Matthias Berninger

abstract: Matthias Berninger is a former German politician and member of The Greens from 1993 until 2007. From 2001 to 2005, Berninger served as Parliamentary Secretary of State at the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection under minister Renate Künast in the second cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. After leaving the government, he was his parliamentary group's spokesperson on economic policy from 2005 until 2007. Since 2019, Berninger has been serving as Executive Vice President of Public and Government Affairs and Head of Sustainability at Bayer. Berninger lives with his wife and children in Washington, D.C.

text:
# Matthias Berninger

**Matthias Berninger** (born 1971) is a former German politician and member of The Greens from 1993 until 2007.

From 2001 to 2005, Berninger served as Parliamentary Secretary of State at the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection under minister Renate Künast in the second cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. After leaving the government, he was his parliamentary group's spokesperson on economic policy from 2005 until 2007.

Since 2019, Berninger has been serving as Executive Vice President of Public and Government Affairs and Head of Sustainability at Bayer. Berninger lives with his wife and children in Washington, D.C.

## School and studies

After graduating from the Goethe-Gymnasium Kassel in 1990, Berninger began studying chemistry and political science at the Gesamthochschule Kassel, which he completed in 1994 with the first state examination for the teaching profession at secondary schools.

## Political career

Since 1990, Berninger has been a member of Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. From 1993 to 1997 he was a member of the municipal council of Ahnatal and from 1993 to 1994 also in the Kreistag of the Landkreis Kassel. From 2003 to 2007, Berninger was parliamentary representative for the Green Party for the State of Hesse in the Bundestag.

In the 1994 Bundestag election, at the age of 23, Berninger became the youngest ever Member of the German Bundestag. Here, from 1997 to 2001, he was the higher education policy spokesman for the parliamentary group Alliance 90/The Greens. On 23 January 2001, Berninger was appointed Parliamentary Secretary of State to the Federal Minister of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture led by Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. At the age of 29, he became the youngest parliamentary Secretary of State ever appointed.

Berninger left his post of Parliamentary Secretary of State on 22 November 2005. He ran for the post of parliamentary secretary, but was defeated by Volker Beck on the first ballot by 17 votes to 34. From 2005 to 2007, he served as the economic policy spokesman for the Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. Berninger ended his political career in February 2007.

Berninger was considered a realo and a pupil of Joschka Fischer. He was a member of the Pizza Connection, a group of young deputies of the CDU and Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, which was considered a forerunner of the Black-Green Coalition. Berninger was considered an Economic Liberal and representative of the New Economy.

## Private sector

In 2007, Berninger moved to Brussels as a lobbyist to the U.S. food and confectionery corporation Mars Incorporated as Director of Corporate Health and Nutrition, to improve the companies public image in Europe. In August 2008, he was promoted to Global Head of Public Policy, with responsibility for global health, nutrition and sustainability.

On 1 January 2019, Berninger moved to Bayer AG as head of the newly created Public Relations and Sustainability division, after the group acquired U.S. seed and pesticide manufacturer Monsanto for 59 billion euros. As a result, Berninger, as chief lobbyist, must deal with questions about the pesticide glyphosate, the use of which is highly criticized by his former Bündnis 90/Die Grünen colleagues in Germany. He commented on this in an interview with the news magazine *Der Spiegel*.

## Film

* *Rot-Grün macht Kasse.* Documentary about the activities of former politicians as lobbyists, 30 min, Germany, 2011, Production: NDR/Panorama

## Cabinets


title: Thongvin Phomvihane

abstract: Thongvin Phomvihane is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). She is the widow LPRP General Secretary Kaysone Phomvihane and mother to Xaysomphone Phomvihane. From 1988 to 1993 she served as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Youth Union. She was elected to the LPRP Central Committee at the 3rd National Congress and retained her seat until the 5th National Congress.

text:
# Thongvin Phomvihane

**Thongvin Phomvihane** (born 7 January 1938 in Viang Chan) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). She is the widow LPRP General Secretary Kaysone Phomvihane and mother to Xaysomphone Phomvihane. From 1988 to 1993 she served as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Youth Union.

She was elected to the LPRP Central Committee at the 3rd National Congress and retained her seat until the 5th National Congress.

### Specific

### Bibliography

*Books:*

* Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008). *Historical Dictionary of Laos*. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-81086-411-5.


title: Mauden

abstract: Mauden is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

text:
# Mauden

**Mauden** is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

## InfoBox

| Mauden | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Mauden within Altenkirchen district | |
| Mauden Mauden | |
| Coordinates: 50°43′04″N 8°0′11″E / 50.71778°N 8.00306°E / 50.71778; 8.00306 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Altenkirchen |
| Municipal assoc. | Daaden-Herdorf |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Achim Reeh |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.74 km2 (0.67 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 113 |
| Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 57520 |
| Dialling codes | 02743 |
| Vehicle registration | AK |
| Website | www.mauden.org |