title: Kaboga family

abstract: The House of Kaboga were a patrician family from the city of Dubrovnik and its Republic of Ragusa. Their numbers, economic power and social and political status marked them as wealthy, influential and noble. Originating in the eighth century, they are one of the oldest and best-known families in Dubrovnik. Many of its members were rector (knez) of the republic, and the Austrian Empire recognized its members in 1818 and 1833 as counts.

text:
# Kaboga family

The **House of Kaboga** (**Kabužić** in Croatian, **Caboga** in Italian) were a patrician family from the city of Dubrovnik and its Republic of Ragusa. Their numbers, economic power and social and political status marked them as wealthy, influential and noble. Originating in the eighth century, they are one of the oldest and best-known families in Dubrovnik. Many of its members were rector (*knez*) of the republic, and the Austrian Empire recognized its members in 1818 and 1833 as counts.

## History

The Kaboga family first appears during the late 13th century. Džore Dišić, who died before 1282, appears to be the patriarch although he is not specifically mentioned in sources. Džore Dišić's wife Draga and their sons, Mihajlo (Miho), the cleric Dživo, Marin and Vlaho, are frequently mentioned in records of the Dubrovnik chancellery for 1281 and 1282; Draga is described as "*Uxor quondam Georgii de Disica*", and her sons primarily as "*filii qu. Džore Dišić*". Mihajlo, Dživo and Marin have the name "Kaboga", and Mihajlo is described as the son of Džore Kaboga.

Vlaho is mentioned in the Dubrovnik chancellery books later, after the name of Kaboga replaced Dišić. In 1297, he is called Vlaho Džore Kaboga. Tomasina *filia qu Džore Dišić,* who married Palma Bisti Getaldić in 1283, appears again in 1325 in the will of Džono Kaboga; the Kaboga and Dišić families of 1281 and 1282 are seemingly identical, with Miho Džore Kaboga (1280–1286) apparently the oldest brother. In 1281, he received a portion of his father's estate. Marin, Dživo and Vlaho continued to live with their mother, and Marin cared for the family's business affairs. Miho described his brother Dživo as his procurator.

Three branches of the Kaboga family are descended from Miho, Marin and Vlaho, with all three cited in the second half of the 15th century. Marin's descendants, including his son Jure (1310–1368) and his grandson Nikola Jurov Kaboga (1348–1373), were involved in public life. Vlaho (1282–1333) had two sons, Dživo (1330–1340) and Mihael (1332–1366); he, Jure, Niko and Miše were members of the *Vijeće Umoljenih*. Nikola carried out diplomatic assignments; he visited the King of Hungary in 1360 and 1363, and participated in peace talks in Kotor in 1362. Before his death in 1373 he was a judge and four-term rector, and was influential during Dubrovnik's break with Venice.

Vlaho and his descendants were primarily grain traders; in 1292 he appears as a witness in Ancona, and in 1313 in Durrës. In 1329 oats were taken from him in Ulcinj and the following year, he and his son Dživo accepted a quantity of wheat from a Florentine company. Three months later, he received a credit of 450 perperas from the Florentines. His sons continued in the grain trade; Dživo and M. Cerva were sent to Constantinople in 1330 to purchase wheat. In September 1335, Dživo sold 670 *stara ječma* from the harvest to a merchant from Bar. At the end of October, he agreed to supply Dubrovnik with at least 500 *stara* of wheat by January or February. On January 28, 1336, Dživo delivered 673 *stara* of wheat. He was apparently not wealthy at first, investing small sums.

In 1335, Dživo and Orsat Cerva worked with Džono Giorgi, receiving half the profits and risking 20 percent each of the potential loss. Dživo Bona's brother, Petar (1318–1346), also bought wheat in 1326, 1339, 1340 and 1345.

Miho's third brother, Vlaho Kaboga (1322–1366), was sent by the government in June 1361 to Apulia to purchase wheat for his own use ("*pro usu domus tue*"); he was obligated to remain until March 1362. While he was there, the government sent him several purchase orders. In 1382, after his death, there was a quantity of salt in his basement.

During the military operations of the 1380s, Mihail's son Marin (1363–1409) supplied hardtack to the galleys and apparently dealt in oil, cheese and tallow candles (*lojanica*). In 1394, Marin lived in Venice; his second marriage was to Margarita Nikole Kaboga (1383–1423), daughter of his second cousin (*drugi bratić*, grandfather of Džore Marinov Kaboga). She and Marin had a son, Danijel. Beginning in 1397, Marin was chosen as rector several times. Mihael (Miho) Marin Kaboga (1397–1428) was Marin's son from his first marriage.

In 1350 Jure Kaboga received oil valued at 322 perpera from Romaldus de Bari, and in 1356 his son Nikola (1348–1373) delivered Albanian wheat to Džore Jače Giorgi. Several times he had to sue his debtors for large payments. Nikola Jure Kaboga was married for a second time to Dechussa, daughter of the Venetian Andrea Dulfina. Her mother, Rade, was a citizen of Dubrovnik; through her, she was related to the Menče, Giorgi and Gundula families. Rade may have been the daughter of Džono Damjan Gondola and Deje Medozi Drago from Kotor; if so, she had been married to Džono Sorgo. Many of Mihael's descendants died young. Džono Dživo Kaboga (1341–1363) and his wife, dealers in cloth and leather, died in 1363 during a plague and left a young son, Dživo Džono Kaboga.

Records of two sons of Dživo Džono Kaboga, Nikola and Luka (1396–1437), survive; Luka was born outside of marriage, and the brothers worked together. Their accounting records are the oldest documents of their time preserved in Dubrovnik.

## Austrian Kabogas

* Dživo Kaboga (17391814) had three children.
    + Frano Vlaho Marijan Martin Kaboga, born in 1781.
    + Brno Frano Marijan Kaboga (6 February 1785–19 November 1855) was married in 1833 to Countess Julianne Wanda Potocka (1788–18 September 1876, Lemberg), they had no children. Julianne's first husband was Count Cajetan Uruski.
    + Vlaho Filip Antun Dživo Frano Kaboga (25 May 1774–13 May 1854) married Marija Katarina de Saracca (died in Dubrovnik, 11 May 1864) in Dubrovnik on 26 October 1806. They had three children:
        - Henrik Nikola Bernard Kaboga (1 August 1818, Dubrovnik  1 March 1881) was the Austrian consul in Jerusalem until his death. In 1867 he bought what was known as the Tower of Jacob and Ephrata at Tantur in Bethlehem, where the Hospice of the Order of Malta was opened in 1876. Henrik married Helena Ghetaldi on 10 June 1837 in Zadar. They had three children:
            * Marija Bernardina Ana Kaboga (20 November 1856–19 November 1938) married Albert Ritter Conti von Cedassamare (died 6 April 1900 in Trieste) on 4 June 1853. They had five children:
                + Marta Maria Conti von Cedassamare (born in Trieste on 1 February 1883)
                + Petar Marian Ritter Conti von Cedassamare (29 June 1884–6 April 1886)
                + Justus Marian Ritter Conti von Cedassamare (22 November 1885–26 March 1886)
                + Albert Ritter Conti von Cedassamare, also known as Albert Conti (Albert Maroje Vlaho Frano Marian), was born on 29 January 1887 in Görz and died on 18 January 1967 in Hollywood. A film actor, he studied law and natural science in Austria and was married to Patricia Cross.
                + Maria Concetta Conti von Cedassamare was born in Pula on December 5, 1892.
            * Ana Marija Enriketa Lujza Kaboga (20 June 1858 – 1944, Szombathely, Hungary) married Lucijan von Ziegler-Pucić (19 March 1852, Kotor – 8 September 1930, Dubrovnik) in Dubrovnik on 10 April 1882. They had three children:
                + Helena von Ziegler-Pučić (3 March 1889, Pula – 2 February 1968, Baden bei Wien) married Hugo Theobald Alfons Karl Maria Freiherr von Seyffertitz (23 September 1885, Brixen – 10 June 1966, Baden bei Wien).
                + Teo von Ziegler-Pucić, married Marica von Kiepach-Haselburg (born c. 1897 in Križevci, Croatia). After her husband's death, Marica moved to Los Angeles and died in 1985.
                + Marica von Ziegler-Pozza (10 January 1885, Pula – 2 February 1964, Acsád, Hungary) married Charley Masjon (19 November 1871, Graz – 1950, Táplánszentkereszt, Hungary). They had one daughter:
                    - Winifred Masjon (8 June 1911, Pula – 14 December 1998, Keszthely) married László Harkay.
            * Bernard Vlaho Maroje Dživo Marijan Kaboga (21 April 1863, Dubrovnik – 10 May 1922, Waltendorf) married Marie Valerie Freiin von Locatelli (born 4 June 1870).
        - Dživo Bernard Frano Kaboga (4 April 1808 – 25 February 1871) married Wilhelmine von Privitzer, daughter of Alois von Privitzer, in October 1838 in Vienna. They had one daughter:
            * Maria Bernardina Cecilia Vilhemina Kaboga (born on 27 August 1839)

## Members

## Bibliography

* *Heyer von Rosenfeld, Carl Georg –* Der Adel des Königreichs Dalmatien*, in Siebmacher Bd. IV, 3. Abteilung, Nürnberg 1873. Kaboga – Seite 6, 101, XXII, Tafel 3*
* *Stratowa –* Wiener Genealogisches Taschenbuch*, Kaboga, Band 2, Seite 96 (Namenserwähnung)*


title: Goethe Link Observatory

abstract: The Goethe Link Observatory, observatory code 760, is an astronomical observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It is owned by Indiana University and operated by the Indiana Astronomical Society https://iasindy.org/about.html, which efforts are dedicated to the pursuit of amateur astronomy. Observatory Address: 8403 Observatory Ln, Martinsville, IN 46151. Hours: During and after General Meetings of the Indiana Astronomical Society (IAS). See https://iasindy.org/events.html, for dates and times. It is named in honor of amateur astronomer Dr. Goethe Link, an Indianapolis surgeon, who built it with his private funds. Construction of the observatory started in 1937, and the telescope was first operated in 1939. In 1948, he donated the observatory to Indiana University. From 1949 until 1966, the Indiana Asteroid Program was conducted at Goethe Link, using a 10-inch Cooke triplet astrograph (f/6.5). The program resulted in the discovery of 119 asteroids, which were credited by the Minor Planet Center to "Indiana University". When light pollution began to degrade the Goethe Link Observatory's capabilities in the 1960s, Indiana University built a new facility in the Morgan–Monroe State Forest officially designated as the Morgan–Monroe Station (MMS) of the Goethe Link Observatories. IU operated that facility through about 2014. Today, Indiana University primarily uses the WIYN 3.5-m and 0.9-m telescopes located at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, AZ for ongoing research. The naming of the two main-belt asteroids, 1602 Indiana and 1728 Goethe Link – both discovered at Goethe Link Observatory in 1950 and 1964, respectively – is related to the Observatory and its parent institution.

text:
# Goethe Link Observatory

The **Goethe Link Observatory**, observatory code 760, is an astronomical observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It is owned by Indiana University and operated by the Indiana Astronomical Society https://iasindy.org/about.html, which efforts are dedicated to the pursuit of amateur astronomy.

Observatory Address: 8403 Observatory Ln, Martinsville, IN 46151.

Hours: During and after General Meetings of the Indiana Astronomical Society (IAS). See https://iasindy.org/events.html, for dates and times.

It is named in honor of amateur astronomer Dr. Goethe Link, an Indianapolis surgeon, who built it with his private funds. Construction of the observatory started in 1937, and the telescope was first operated in 1939. In 1948, he donated the observatory to Indiana University.

From 1949 until 1966, the Indiana Asteroid Program was conducted at Goethe Link, using a 10-inch Cooke triplet astrograph (*f/*6.5). The program resulted in the discovery of 119 asteroids, which were credited by the Minor Planet Center to "Indiana University".

When light pollution began to degrade the Goethe Link Observatory's capabilities in the 1960s, Indiana University built a new facility in the Morgan–Monroe State Forest officially designated as the Morgan–Monroe Station (MMS) of the Goethe Link Observatories. IU operated that facility through about 2014. Today, Indiana University primarily uses the WIYN 3.5-m and 0.9-m telescopes located at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, AZ for ongoing research.

The naming of the two main-belt asteroids, 1602 Indiana and 1728 Goethe Link – both discovered at Goethe Link Observatory in 1950 and 1964, respectively – is related to the Observatory and its parent institution.

## Further reading

39°33′00″N 86°23′42″W / 39.55000°N 86.39500°W / 39.55000; -86.39500

## InfoBox

Goethe Link Observatory
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Organization | Indiana University
(Indiana Astronomical Society) |
| Observatory code | 760 |
| Location | Brooklyn, Indiana, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 39°33′00″N 86°23′42″W / 39.55000°N 86.39500°W / 39.55000; -86.39500 |
| Altitude | 293 metres (962 ft) |
| Weather | Clear Sky Clock |
| Established | 1939 |
| Website | iasindy.org/link.html |
| Telescopes | |
| Nasmyth–Cassegrain 0.91 m (36-inch)
f/10.0  Astrograph Decommissioned 255 mm (10-inch)
f/6.5 Cooke triplet  Schmidt-Cassegrain 355.6 mm (14-inch)
f/11.0 Celestron SCT | |
| Location of Goethe Link Observatory | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Max TV

abstract: Max TV was a New Zealand music channel available free to air on UHF channel 49 in Auckland from 28 October 1993 to 3 December 1997.

text:
# Max TV

**Max TV** was a New Zealand music channel available free to air on UHF channel 49 in Auckland from 28 October 1993 to 3 December 1997.

## History

Reforms in the New Zealand television landscape started in 1989, enabling the private sector to control television channels. Radio DJ Kevin Black, and Stereo FM director Allan Rutledge set a tender for a UHF music channel. The channel, named Much Music, collapsed in 1991, with the receiver selling the frequency to use. Auckland businessman Geoff Thorpe gained the rights to the frequency at a bargain price, after discussions with Kevin Black.

When Max TV began transmission it was known as **Max: The Music Channel**. The channel was jointly owned and operated by Aztel Holdings (consisting of radio personality Kevin Black who owned the frequency licence, and his partner Jeff Thorpe) and On-Line Productions, a video production house. Broadcasts started at 4:00pm on 28 October 1993 from the facilities of production company Vidcom.

The channel initially broadcast from 4:00pm until midnight Monday to Thursday; 4:00pm until 1:00am on Friday; 7:00am until 1:00am on Saturday; and 7:00am until midnight on Sunday. By April 1996 its transmission hours were extended to 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Since the channel only had UHF coverage, Max TV actively promoted the installation of UHF aerials, at a time when penetration of such aerials was limited primarily to subscribers of Sky's UHF service.

On 20 May 1997, the channel broadcast the music video to Iggy Pop's song "Pussy Walk". Local feminist group Women Against Pornography considered the music video 'offensive and insulting to women'.

On 2 December 1997, Television New Zealand announced that the channel would close down on the following day.


title: Moose Jaw City

abstract: Moose Jaw City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. This constituency existed from 1905 to 1967 when it was divided into Moose Jaw North and Moose Jaw South (Wakamow). It was the riding of Opposition leader Wellington Willoughby. From 1921 to 1967 Moose Jaw City was one of three districts in the province that elected more than one representative to the Legislature.

text:
# Moose Jaw City

**Moose Jaw City** was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. This constituency existed from 1905 to 1967 when it was divided into Moose Jaw North and Moose Jaw South (Wakamow). It was the riding of Opposition leader Wellington Willoughby.

From 1921 to 1967 Moose Jaw City was one of three districts in the province that elected more than one representative to the Legislature.

## Election results

For years with multiple winners, names of successful candidates are in bold.

1905 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City electoral district
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Provincial Rights | John Henry Wellington | 464 | 53.15% |  |
|  | Liberal | Oswald Baynes Fysh | 409 | 46.85% |  |
| Total | | | 873 | 100.00% |  |

1908 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City electoral district
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Provincial Rights | John Henry Wellington | 763 | 50.49% | -2.66 |
|  | Liberal | John Robert Green | 682 | 45.14% | -1.71 |
|  | Independent | Oswald Baynes Fysh | 66 | 4.37% |  |
| Total | | | 1,511 | 100.00% |  |

1912 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City electoral district
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Wellington Willoughby | 951 | 52.83% | +2.34 |
|  | Liberal | Edward Charles Matthews | 791 | 43.95% | -1.19 |
|  | Independent | Harry Peters | 58 | 3.22% | -1.15 |
| Total | | | 1,800 | 100.00% |  |

1917 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City electoral district
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Wellington Willoughby | 1,621 | 41.07% | -11.76 |
|  | Liberal | William Gladstone Ross | 1,328 | 33.65% | -10.30 |
|  | Labour | William George Baker | 998 | 25.28% |  |
| Total | | | 3,947 | 100.00% |  |

June 10, 1918 By-Election: Moose Jaw City electoral district
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | William Erskine Knowles | 1,958 | 56.12% | +22.47 |
|  | Labour | William George Baker | 1,531 | 43.88% | +18.60 |
| Total | | | 3,489 | 100.00% |  |

1921 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | **William George Baker** | 3,132 | 26.43% |
|  | Independent Conservative | **James Pascoe** | 2,924 | 24.67% |
|  | Liberal | Edward Murray Thompson | 2,921 | 24.65% |
|  | Liberal | Harold Fletcher | 2,141 | 18.07% |
|  | Independent | Hugh McKellar | 733 | 6.18% |
| Total | | | 11,851 | 100.00% |

| 1925 Saskatchewan general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
|  | Labour–Liberal | William George Baker | 4,704 | 32.83% | Y |
|  | Liberal | William Erskine Knowles | 4,095 | 28.58% | Y |
|  | Conservative | James Pascoe | 2,809 | 19.60% |
|  | Conservative | Netson Ross Craig | 2,722 | 18.99% |
| Total | | | 14,330 | 100.00% |

May 17, 1927 By-Election: Moose Jaw City - Seat #2
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | **William Gladstone Ross** | 3,922 | 62.96% | - |
|  | Conservative | Robert Henry Smith | 2,307 | 37.04% | - |
| Total | | | 6,229 | 100.00% |  |

1929 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | **John Alexander Merkley** | 4,372 | 26.12% |
|  | Conservative | **Robert Henry Smith** | 4,209 | 25.14% |
|  | Liberal-Labour | William George Baker | 4,181 | 24.97% |  |
|  | Liberal | William Gladstone Ross | 3,980 | 23.77% |
| Total | | | 16,742 | 100.00% |

September 30, 1929 By-Election: Moose Jaw City - Seat #1
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | John Alexander Merkley | Acclaimed | 100.00% |
| Total | | | Acclamation |  |

| 1934 Saskatchewan general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
|  | Liberal | William Gladstone Ross | 4,928 | 25.55% | Y |
|  | Liberal | John Houston Laird | 4,403 | 22.83% | Y |
|  | Conservative | John Alexander Merkley | 2,440 | 12.65% |
|  | Conservative | James W. Hawthorne | 2,319 | 12.02% |
|  | Farmer–Labour | Waldo D. Summers | 2,013 | 10.44% |
|  | Farmer–Labour | Hugh Gordon | 1,765 | 9.15% |
|  | Labour | William George Baker | 1,420 | 7.36% |
| Total | | | 19,288 | 100.00% |

1938 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | **William Gladstone Ross** | 4,830 | 25.62% | - |
|  | Liberal | **William George Baker** | 4,728 | 25.08% | - |
|  | Social Credit | John W. Corman | 2,689 | 14.26% |  |
|  | Social Credit | William J. Passmore | 2,465 | 13.07% |  |
|  | Conservative | John Alexander Merkley | 2,137 | 11.34% | - |
|  | Conservative | Arthur W. E. Fawkes | 2,005 | 10.63% | - |
| Total | | | 18,854 | 100.00% |  |

1944 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CCF | **John W. Corman** | 6,296 | 30.69% | - |
|  | CCF | **D. Henry R. Heming** | 5,894 | 28.73% | - |
|  | Liberal | Harold W. Pope | 2,887 | 14.07% | - |
|  | Liberal | William George Baker | 2,881 | 14.05% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | Russell L. Brownridge | 1,271 | 6.20% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | Hugh A. Tiers | 1,036 | 5.05% | - |
|  | Social Credit | Frank E. Talbot | 249 | 1.21% | - |
| Total | | | 20,514 | 100.00% |  |

1948 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CCF | **John W. Corman** | 7,534 | 30.06% | - |
|  | CCF | **D. Henry R. Heming** | 7,331 | 29.26% | - |
|  | Independent | H. Gordon Young | 5,240 | 20.91% | - |
|  | Independent | J. Fraser McClellan | 4,955 | 19.77% | - |
| Total | | | 25,060 | 100.00% |  |

1952 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CCF | **John W. Corman** | 7,555 | 33.67% | - |
|  | CCF | **D. Henry R. Heming** | 7,527 | 33.54% | - |
|  | Liberal | Alfred J. Wickens | 3,718 | 16.57% | - |
|  | Liberal | Boris Dubinsky | 3,640 | 16.22% | - |
| Total | | | 22,440 | 100.00% |  |

1956 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CCF | **D. Henry R. Heming** | 6,936 | 24.99% | - |
|  | CCF | **William Davies** | 6,756 | 24.34% | - |
|  | Independent | Richard N. Lillico | 4,522 | 16.29% | - |
|  | Liberal | Kay E. Moffat | 3,742 | 13.48% | - |
|  | Social Credit | Sydney Smith | 2,404 | 8.66% | - |
|  | Social Credit | John W. Vail | 2,188 | 7.88% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | C. T. McConnell | 1,017 | 3.67% | - |
|  | Independent | W. E. Rogers | 192 | 0.69% | - |
| Total | | | 27,757 | 100.00% |  |

1960 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CCF | **William Davies** | 6,794 | 22.44% | - |
|  | CCF | **Gordon Snyder** | 6,610 | 21.83% | - |
|  | Liberal | Louis J. Genesove | 4,001 | 13.21% | - |
|  | Liberal | Patrick H. McCormick | 3,491 | 11.53% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | Ralph Bamford | 3,253 | 10.74% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | Daniel J. Patterson | 2,804 | 9.26% | - |
|  | Social Credit | Ralph Forge | 1,664 | 5.50% | - |
|  | Social Credit | Ralph Parr | 1,661 | 5.49% | - |
| Total | | | 30,278 | 100.00% |  |

1964 Saskatchewan general election: Moose Jaw City - 2 members elected
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CCF | **William Davies** | 7,749 | 24.55% | - |
|  | CCF | **Gordon Snyder** | 7,550 | 23.92% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | Daniel J. Patterson | 7,115 | 22.54% | - |
|  | Liberal | E. A. Astell | 5,455 | 17.28% | - |
|  | Prog. Conservative | Gordon A. Hume | 3,697 | 11.71% | - |
| Total | | | 31,566 | 100.00% |  |

Moose Jaw – Northwest Territories territorial electoral district (1870–1905).

50°23′45″N 105°32′05″W / 50.39583°N 105.53472°W / 50.39583; -105.53472


title: VTV2

abstract: VTV2 is a Vietnamese television channel owned and operated by state-run VTV Network. Launched on 1 January 1990, VTV2 is dedicated to the broadcast of education and cultural programs. Since 1 May 2020, the channel has broadcast for 24/7. In 1993, Vietnam Television signed an accord with Canal France Television of France Télévisions to broadcast selected programs of the latter channel. This channel has broadcasting HDTV version from 19 May 2015. After VTV6 stopped broadcasting, VTV2 broadcast some V-League matches live. Starting from 2023 season, VTV2 will take the VTV6's role to broadcast V-league matches live.

text:
# VTV2

**VTV2** is a Vietnamese television channel owned and operated by state-run VTV Network.

Launched on 1 January 1990, VTV2 is dedicated to the broadcast of education and cultural programs. Since 1 May 2020, the channel has broadcast for 24/7. In 1993, Vietnam Television signed an accord with Canal France Television of France Télévisions to broadcast selected programs of the latter channel. This channel has broadcasting HDTV version from 19 May 2015.

After VTV6 stopped broadcasting, VTV2 broadcast some V-League matches live. Starting from 2023 season, VTV2 will take the VTV6's role to broadcast V-league matches live (along with VTV5 and VTV Cần Thơ).

## Broadcast hours

* 1990-1992: 14:00 to 24:00 (Monday-Friday); 08:00 to 24:00 (Saturday-Sunday)
* February 1992: 12:00 to 24:00 (Monday-Friday); 08:00 to 24:00 (Saturday-Sunday)
* July 1992: 11:00 to 24:00 (Monday-Friday); 06:00 to 24:00 (Saturday-Sunday)
* October 1992 – 1993: 09:00 to 24:00 (Monday-Friday); 06:00 to 24:00 (Saturday-Sunday)
* 1993-1994: 06:00 to 12:00
* 1994-2005: 05:30 to 24:00
* 2005-2011 and 19 March 2020 – 30 April 2020: 05:00 to 24:00
* 1 January 2012 – 18 March 2020 and 1 May 2020 – present: 24 hours per day.

## Programming on VTV2

**(Notice: This channel broadcast time is UTC+07:00)**

***Current programming:***

* *2022 FIFA World Cup*
* *2022 AFF Championship*
* *Miss Universe 2022*
* *2023 V.League 1*
* UEFA Euro 2024
* 2024 Summer Olympics
* Miss Cosmo 2024
* *Motion News 24h (Chuyển động 24h)* (18:30, since 10 October 2014)
* *World Discovery (Khám phá thế giới)*
* *Sports* (every day):
    + VTV Sports News (11:15)
    + 360 degree Sports (*360 độ thể thao*) (22:40)
* *Films* (every day):
    + Vietnamese LAB reruns (11:30)
    + Foreign LAB (19:00 and 19:50)
* *Change Life - Thay đổi cuộc sống*
* *Family Time (Giờ gia đình)*
* *Discover Journey (Hành trình khám phá)*
* *Happiness for Everyhome (Hạnh phúc đến mọi nhà)*
* *Go! VTV (Đi VTV)*
* *4 Season Love (Bốn mùa yêu thương)*
* *Beauty 24/7* (Đẹp 24/7)
* *Healthy for Everybody (Sức khỏe cho mọi người)*
* *Vietnam Discovery (Khám phá Việt Nam)*
* *Transport Light (Đèn giao thông)*
* *News For Hearing Disabilities* (22:00, rerun of VTV1's 19:00 news bulletin, aimed at deaf people with sign language)
* *Technology Life (Nhịp sống công nghệ)*
* *The Amazing Bus (Chuyến xe buýt kỳ thú)*

***Former programming:***

1. As a safety precaution due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam.

## InfoBox

VTV2
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Broadcast area | Vietnam
Asia (via satellite)
Worldwide (via Internet) |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Vietnamese |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Vietnam Television |
| Sister channels | VTV1
VTV3
VTV4
VTV5
VTV5 Tây Nam Bộ
VTV5 Tây Nguyên
VTV7
VTV8
VTV9
VTV Cần Thơ |
| History | |
| Launched | 1 January 1990 (1990-01-01) |
| Links | |
| Website | http://www.vtv.vn/ |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| VHF In Hanoi, Vietnam | VHF 11 (closed from 15 August 2016) |
| Digital (DVB-T2) | UHF 25, 26, 27 |
|  | |


title: Gorenje Karteljevo

abstract: Gorenje Karteljevo is a settlement in the hills north of the town of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The entire City Municipality of Novo Mesto is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The local church is dedicated to the Primus and Felician and belongs to the Parish of Mirna Peč. It is a medieval building that was restyled in the Baroque in the 17th century.

text:
# Gorenje Karteljevo

**Gorenje Karteljevo** (pronounced \[ɡɔˈɾeːnjɛ kaɾtɛˈljeːʋɔ\]) is a settlement in the hills north of the town of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The entire City Municipality of Novo Mesto is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to the Primus and Felician and belongs to the Parish of Mirna Peč. It is a medieval building that was restyled in the Baroque in the 17th century.

## InfoBox

| Gorenje Karteljevo | |
| --- | --- |
| Gorenje KarteljevoLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 45°52′6.08″N 15°8′36.05″E / 45.8683556°N 15.1433472°E / 45.8683556; 15.1433472 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Lower Carniola |
| Statistical region | Southeast Slovenia |
| Municipality | Novo Mesto |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.48 km2 (0.96 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 332.7 m (1,091.5 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 146 |
|  | |


title: Moritz von Bethmann

abstract: Philipp Heinrich Moritz Alexander von Bethmann, born 8 October 1811 in Frankfurt am Main, died 2 December 1877 in Frankfurt am Main, was a German banker.

text:
# Moritz von Bethmann

Philipp Heinrich **Moritz** Alexander **von Bethmann** (from 1854: Freiherr von Bethmann), born 8 October 1811 in Frankfurt am Main, died 2 December 1877 in Frankfurt am Main, was a German banker.

## Life

The oldest son of Simon Moritz von Bethmann (1768–1826) and *Louise Friederike née Boode* was only 15 years old when his father died. In 1833 he became the head of the *Gebrüder Bethmann* bank. Von Bethmann focused especially on railway construction. Together with the House of Rothschild, he established three railroad companies in succession: Taunus-Eisenbahn AG in 1836, Frankfurt-Hanauer Eisenbahn in 1844, and the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Nordbahn. In the 1850s he also invested in (among others) the Italian central railroad company, the Austrian state-controlled railroad company, and the Rhein-Nahe-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft.

From 1854 until the loss of Frankfurt's status as a Free City in 1866, von Bethmann was the Prussian consul general in Frankfurt. In 1854 he was elevated to the status of a Freiherr in the Grand Duchy of Baden.

In 1863 he hosted the assembly of German princes in his garden house. Like his father before him, he generously contributed to philanthropic causes and to the arts in Frankfurt.

Von Bethmann, who had to cope with a lifelong handicap due to a hip impediment, was married to *Maria née Freiin von Bose* (1819–1882), with whom he had two sons and three daughters, among them *Ludwig Simon Moritz Freiherr von Bethmann*, who was named after his grandfather *Simon Moritz* and who would later take the reins as the head of the House of Bethmann.

## Bibliography

* Wolfgang Klötzer (ed.): *Frankfurter Biographie*. Vol. 1 A-L, Frankfurt am Main, Verlag Waldemar Kramer, 1994, ISBN 3-7829-0444-3


title: Morrish Medal

abstract: The Morrish Medal is an award presented to the best and fairest player in the premier Victorian underage Australian rules football competition during the home-and-away season. Boasting an uninterrupted lineage from 1947 onwards, the medal is currently awarded to the highest vote-getter in the Talent League Boys competition.

text:
# Morrish Medal

The **Morrish Medal** is an award presented to the best and fairest player in the premier Victorian underage Australian rules football competition during the home-and-away season. Boasting an uninterrupted lineage from 1947 onwards, the medal is currently awarded to the highest vote-getter in the Talent League Boys competition.

## History

The Morrish Medal was first inaugurated in 1947, the year after the formation of the Victorian Football League's thirds competition. Named in honour of reserve grade treasurer Tom Morrish, who had held the position since 1922, the medal was to be awarded to the best-performing player across the season as adjudged by the field umpires. This continued throughout the history of the League's thirds, which was renamed to the under-19s in 1960. When the under-19s competition was wound up at the conclusion of the 1991 Australian Football League season, to be replaced by the new Victorian State Football League under-18s competition, the decision was made to continue awarding the Morrish Medal.

## Voting format

In the style of the Brownlow Medal and Gardiner Medal medals already awarded in the seniors and seconds competitions respectively, the presiding field umpire would cast a 3–2–1 vote at the conclusion of each match. The player with the most votes tallied following the end of the home-and-away season would then be presented with the medal. The initial voting method continues to this day, albeit with multiple field umpires now conferring to present a single set of votes for each match.

Until 1981, a count back rule identical to that of the Brownlow was used to split winners based on the amount of three-vote games they were awarded, followed by two-vote games, etc. until a solitary winner could be found. In 1992, the League recognised three players who initially lost by count back – Jim McGowan (1961), Phillip Friedman (1974) and Jack Dinatale (1976) – and awarded them retrospective medals.

## Winners by season

| Year | Player | Club | Votes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1947 | Alan Dale | Essendon | \[\] |  |
| 1948 | Ray Harvey | Melbourne | 22 |  |
| 1949 | Arthur Harbrow | St Kilda | \[\] |  |
| 1950 | Noel Alford | North Melbourne | 23 |  |
| 1951 | Frank Williams | Hawthorn | 15 |  |
| 1952 | Peter McPhee | Footscray | 17 |  |
| 1953 | Dick Pratt | Carlton | 23 |  |
| 1954 | Alf Clarke | Carlton | 20 |  |
| 1955 | Dick Job | Carlton | 18 |  |
| 1956 | Garry Rasmussen | Hawthorn | 17 |  |
| 1957 | Peter O'Reilly | South Melbourne | 30 |  |
| 1958 | Norman Bowler | North Melbourne | 17 |  |
| 1959 | Don Glassenbury | Fitzroy | 16 |  |
| 1960 | Gerard Ryan | Footscray | \[\] |  |
| 1961 | Terry Johnston | Melbourne | 15 |  |
| | Jim McGowan | South Melbourne | |  |
| 1962 | Kevin Egan | Essendon | \[\] |  |
| 1963 | John Schram | Geelong | \[\] |  |
| 1964 | Peter Gowans | North Melbourne | 18 |  |
| 1965 | Russell Petherbridge | St Kilda | \[\] |  |
| 1966 | Bruce Wright | Fitzroy | 16 |  |
| 1967 | Maurie Gale | Carlton | 17 |  |
| 1968 | Paul Callery | Melbourne | 25 |  |
| 1969 | Bill Gehling | Richmond | 17 |  |
| 1970 | Ken Marks | Fitzroy | 25 |  |
| 1971 | Tim O'Malley | Carlton | 21 |  |
| 1972 | Vin Catoggio | Carlton | 23 |  |
| | Ian Kilmartin | North Melbourne | | |
| 1973 | Russell Bruerton | South Melbourne | 20 |  |
| 1974 | Russell Bruerton | South Melbourne | 22 |  |
| | Jack Dinatale | Footscray | | |
| | Phillip Friedman | Melbourne | | |
| 1975 | Brian Jones | South Melbourne | \[\] |  |
| 1976 | Jack Dinatale | Footscray | 20 |  |
| | Craig Jamieson | Richmond | | |
| 1977 | Darren Williams | Essendon | 20 |  |
| 1978 | Andrew McPhie | Fitzroy | 19 |  |
| | Stephen Simpson | North Melbourne | | |
| 1979 | Peter Banks | Collingwood | 30 |  |
| 1980 | Peter Lane | Essendon | \[\] |  |
| 1981 | Adrian Battiston | Melbourne | 37 |  |
| 1982 | Les Bamblett | Melbourne | 17 |  |
| 1983 | Greg Healy | Melbourne | 17 |  |
| 1984 | Tony Liberatore | North Melbourne | 22 |  |
| 1985 | Frank Zoccali | Essendon | 25 |  |
| 1986 | David Ross | North Melbourne | 21 |  |
| 1987 | Wayne Schwass | North Melbourne | 17 |  |
| 1988 | Tim McGrath | North Melbourne | 21 |  |
| 1989 | Brad Davies | Essendon | 18 |  |
| 1990 | Brendan Roberson | Carlton | 14 |  |
| | Clinton Watson | North Melbourne | |  |
| 1991 | Gary Stevens | Sydney | \[\] |  |
| 1992 | Brad Smith | Northern Knights | 11 |  |
| 1993 | Dean Watson | Southern Stingrays | 25 |  |
| 1994 | Gary Moorcroft | Northern Knights | 17 |  |
| 1995 | Paul Hood | Geelong Falcons | 26 |  |
| 1996 | Nathan Brown | Bendigo Pioneers | 21 |  |
| 1997 | Derek Murray | Murray Bushrangers | 20 |  |
| 1998 | Lenny Hayes | NSW/ACT Rams | 21 |  |
| 1999 | Matthew Stolarczyk | Gippsland Power | 21 |  |
| 2000 | David Rodan | Calder Cannons | 25 |  |
| 2001 | David Rodan | Calder Cannons | 29 |  |
| 2002 | Luke Shackleton | Tassie Mariners | 22 |  |
| 2003 | Mungara Brown | Northern Knights | 25 |  |
| 2004 | Matthew Bate | Eastern Ranges | 21 |  |
| 2005 | Fortunato Caruso | Calder Cannons | 22 |  |
| 2006 | Fortunato Caruso | Calder Cannons | 22 |  |
| 2007 | Matthew Kreuzer | Northern Knights | 19 |  |
| 2008 | Jarryd Blair | Gippsland Power | 18 |  |
| | Farran Priest | Murray Bushrangers | | |
| 2009 | Anton Woods | Northern Knights | 24 |  |
| 2010 | Dyson Heppell | Gippsland Power | 21 |  |
| | Jackson Sketcher | Sandringham Dragons | | |
| 2011 | Alex Benbow | Dandenong Stingrays | 22 |  |
| 2012 | Nick Graham | Gippsland Power | 17 |  |
| 2013 | George Cameron | Geelong Falcons | 17 |  |
| | Ben Cavarra | Eastern Ranges | | |
| | Jacob Chisari | Bendigo Pioneers | | |
| | Josh Scott | Gippsland Power | | |
| 2014 | Alex Carr | Gippsland Power | 17 |  |
| 2015 | Clayton Oliver | Murray Bushrangers | 15 |  |
| 2016 | Hugh McCluggage | North Ballarat Rebels | 16 |  |
| 2017 | Jack Higgins | Oakleigh Chargers | 22 |  |
| 2018 | Liam Stocker | Sandringham Dragons | 19 |  |
| 2019 | Lucas Rocci | Western Jets | 17 |  |
| 2020 | *not awarded due to COVID-19 pandemic* | | |  |
| 2021 | Flynn Lakey | Calder Cannons | 12 |  |
| | Josh Rentsch | Greater Western Victoria Rebels | | |
| 2022 | Taj Campbell-Farrell | Dandenong Stingrays | 18 |  |
| | Lachlan Cowan | Tasmania Devils | | |
| 2023 | Patrick Hughes | Geelong Falcons | 18 |  |
| | Colby McKercher | Tasmania Devils | | |
| 2024 | Xavier Lindsay | Gippsland Power | 21 |  |

## Ineligible players who polled more votes than winner

A player guilty of an offence deemed worthy of a suspension is ineligible to win the Morrish Medal.

| Player | Club | Year | Votes | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Daryl Vernon | Richmond | 1978 | 19 | Suspended; would have been joint winner with McPhie and Simpson, as the trio could not be separated by the countback rule. |
| Brad Chapman | Fitzroy | 1990 | 20 | Suspended; would have won outright, beating Robertson and Watson by six votes. |
| Domenic Berry | Hawthorn | | 15 | Polled second-highest number of votes and would have won had he not been suspended. |

1. "AFL Annual Report 2007" (PDF). *Australian Football League*. 2008. p. 121. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2021.
2. "Morrish Medal". *AFL.com.au*. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
3. Grant, Trevor (10 September 1981). "Joint medal". *The Age*. p. 32.
4. Crisp, Penny (14 April 1992). "League cool towards coaches' plea on team changes". *The Age*. p. 36.
5. "Answers To Correspondents". *Football Record*. 28 August 1948. p. 18. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
6. "Alford Wins Seconds' Award". *The Age*. 30 August 1950. p. 24. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
7. "Hawthorn's medal win". *The Herald*. 22 August 1951. p. 12. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
8. Brown, Alf (20 August 1952). "Best In Thirds". *The Herald*. p. 18. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
9. "'Best' medal goes to Dick Pratt". *The Argus*. 19 August 1953. p. 21. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
10. Brown, Alf (18 August 1954). "Medal won by Blues' rover". *The Herald*. p. 28. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
11. "Morrish Medal to Rasmussen". *The Age*. 8 August 1956. p. 18.
12. "North Player Takes Award". *The Age*. 13 August 1958. p. 20.
13. "Fitzroy Player Best in Thirds". *The Age*. 19 August 1959. p. 22.
14. "Morrish Medal to Johnston". *The Age*. 23 August 1961. p. 18.
15. "Arnold Best in Reserves". *The Age*. 26 August 1964. p. 24.
16. "Whiskers come before football". *Sydney Morning Herald*. 21 April 1969. p. 112.
17. "Fitzroy rover tops poll". *The Age*. 31 August 1966. p. 18.
18. "Demon wins U.19 award". *The Age*. 3 September 1968. p. 24.
19. "Morrish Medal to Gehling". *The Age*. 3 September 1969. p. 26.
20. Carter, Ron (1 September 1970). "Peter Bedford's Brownlow". *The Age*. p. 32.
21. Fiddian, Marc (23 June 1979). "Boldness wins the Jones boy". *The Age*. p. 29.
22. "Two medals". *The Age*. 4 September 1980. p. 32.
23. "Gardiner to Tiger". *The Age*. 1 September 1981. p. 38.
24. Carman, Gerry (2 September 1982). "Gardiner to Bomber". *The Age*. p. 28.
25. Linnell, Garry (26 September 1983). "Demons top Under 19s". *The Age*. p. 25.
26. "Bulldog wins Gardiner". *The Age*. 4 September 1984. p. 44.
27. "Hawks share medal". *The Age*. 3 September 1985. p. 55.
28. "Bulldog rover Liberatore wins Gardiner Medal". *The Age*. 2 September 1986. p. 46.
29. "Morrish to Kangaroo". *Football Record*. 5 September 1987. p. 5.
30. Linnell, Garry; Connolly, Rohan (31 August 1988). "Friday is D-day for injured Magpies". *The Age*. p. 41.
31. "Morrish". *Football Record*. 9 September 1989. p. 5.
32. Johnston, Nicholas (6 September 1990). "Stretch setback worries Demons". *The Age*. p. 28.
33. Kogoy, Peter (29 September 1991). "Roos triumph in swansong". *Sydney Morning Herald*. p. 61.
34. Browne, Ashley (2 September 1992). "Northern back takes Morrish Medal". *The Age*. p. 28.
35. Linnell, Garry; Linnell, Stephen (1 September 1993). "Brewery courts second club". *The Age*. p. 30.
36. "Gary wins Morrish Medal". *Football Record*. 10 September 1994. p. 60.
37. "Falcon runaway Morrish winner". *Football Record*. 8 September 1995. p. 60.
38. Dunn, Adrian (4 September 1996). "Another golden star". *Herald Sun*. p. 69.
39. Bresnehan, James (4 September 1997). "Perfect player: Mariner centreman simply has all the answers". *The Mercury*. p. 42.
40. Ryan, Melissa (6 September 1998). "Medal win surprises young Ram". *The Age*. p. 32.
41. Ryan, Melissa (1 September 1999). "Gippsland rover wins Morrish". *The Age*. p. 54.
42. Warner, Michael (9 August 2000). "Fijian snares Morrish prize". *Herald Sun*. p. 81.
43. Barry, Evonne (22 September 2001). "Morrish medallist repeats feat". *Herald Sun*. p. 86.
44. Stockdale, David (16 September 2002). "Mariner claims Morrish Medal". *The Mercury*. p. 37.
45. West, Luke (9 September 2003). "Sylvia lining to medal". *Bendigo Advertiser*.
46. Power, Emily (7 September 2004). "Medal win just the draft Bate". *Herald Sun*. p. 103.
47. Williams, Rebecca (6 September 2005). "Tiny gun's medal". *Herald Sun*. p. 91.
48. Quayle, Emma (12 September 2006). "Un-Fortunato Caruso, the short bloke ignored by AFL". *The Age*. p. 4.
49. Quayle, Emma; Walker, Chris (11 September 2007). "Kreuzer stands tall to win Morrish Medal". *The Age*. p. 5.
50. Harris, Amelia (15 September 2008). "Heavenly Sunday for young Priest". *Herald Sun*. p. 53.
51. Jolly, Laura (23 September 2009). "Woods claims 2009 medal". *Whittlesea Leader*. p. 46.
52. Jolly, Laura (13 September 2010). "Umps unable to split this year's Morrish Medal winners". *Melbourne Yarra Leader*. p. 28.
53. McGrath, Brad (14 September 2011). "Stingrays' Benbow wins TAC Cup prize". *Peninsula Weekly*. Metro Media Publishing. p. 44.
54. Diamond, Brent (10 September 2012). "Gippsland's Graham takes medal: Football". *The Age*. p. 13.
55. Wade, Nick (10 September 2013). "By George I've won it". *Geelong Advertiser*. p. 36.
56. Twomey, Callum (8 September 2014). "Carr powers home to win Morrish Medal in TAC Cup". *afl.com.au*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
57. Twomey, Callum (13 September 2015). "Draft bolter Clayton Oliver clinches Morrish Medal". *afl.com.au*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
58. Twomey, Callum (5 September 2016). "Draft prospect McCluggage wins Morrish Medal". *afl.com.au*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
59. Olle, Sarah (4 September 2017). "Oakleigh Chargers Jack Higgins firms 2017 draft credentials with Morrish Medal". *Fox Sports (Australia)*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
60. Balmer, Matt (2 September 2018). "AFL Draft 2018: Sandringham Dragons' Liam Stocker boosts first round credentials with TAC Cup Morrish Medal". *Fox Sports (Australia)*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
61. Balmer, Matt (25 August 2019). "AFL Draft 2019: Western Jets' Lucas Rocci becomes club's first ever Morrish Medal winner". *Fox Sports (Australia)*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
62. Twomey, Callum (4 August 2020). "AFL cancels NAB League for 2020". *afl.com.au*. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
63. Rhodes, Brendan (30 September 2021). "It's a tie: Morrish Medal drama as future stars light up NAB League awards". *afl.com.au*. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
64. "Cowan, Campbell-Farrell tie for Morrish Medal; Ashcroft named NAB League Boys Team of the Year captain". *AFL.com.au*. 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
65. "McKercher and Hughes share Morrish Medal, Howley claims Girls B&F". *AFL.com.au*. 20 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
66. "Gippsland duo power to best and fairest awards". *afl.com.au*. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
67. "Morrish Medal honours caps up and down year for Xavier Lindsay". *South Gippsland Sentinal-Times*. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.

## InfoBox

| Morrish Medal | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | The best and fairest player in the Talent League Boys |
| Country | Australia |
| Presented by | Australian Football League |
| First awarded | 1947 |
| Currently held by | Xavier Lindsay |
| Website | Morrish Medal |


title: Vaccinium moupinense

abstract: Vaccinium moupinense, also known as the Himalayan blueberry, is a species of perennial shrub in the genus Vaccinium. The shrub is native to the Chinese Himalayas, particularly to Western Sichuan Province. It flowers in late spring and early summer.

text:
# Vaccinium moupinense

***Vaccinium moupinense***, also known as the **Himalayan blueberry**, is a species of perennial shrub in the genus *Vaccinium*. The shrub is native to the Chinese Himalayas, particularly to Western Sichuan Province. It flowers in late spring and early summer.

## InfoBox

| *Vaccinium moupinense* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Vaccinium* |
| Species: | ***V. moupinense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vaccinium moupinense***<br>Franch. | |
|


title: Uvaria macrophylla

abstract: Uvaria macrophylla, also known by its common name large-leaved uvaria, is a species of flowering plant in the family Annonaceae. The species was originally described by William Roxburgh in 1832. The name is a synonym of Uvaria littoralis (Blume) Blume.

text:
# Uvaria macrophylla

***Uvaria macrophylla***, also known by its common name **large-leaved uvaria**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Annonaceae. The species was originally described by William Roxburgh in 1832. The name is a synonym of *Uvaria littoralis* (Blume) Blume.

Media related to Uvaria macrophylla at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Uvaria macrophylla* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Magnoliales |
| Family: | Annonaceae |
| Genus: | *Uvaria* |
| Species: | ***U. macrophylla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Uvaria macrophylla***<br>Roxb. | |
|


title: Mordellistena hattorii

abstract: Mordellistena hattorii is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1953 by Tokeji.

text:
# Mordellistena hattorii

***Mordellistena hattorii*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1953 by Tokeji.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena hattorii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. hattorii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena hattorii***<br>Tokeji, 1953 | |
|


title: Gota Miura

abstract: Gota Miura Gota Miura is a Japanese freestyle skier. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics. His father, Yūichirō Miura, attempted to be the first person to ski down Mt. Everest, and three times set the record for thee oldest person to climb the mountain. Gota joined his father on at least one occasion.

text:
# Gota Miura

**Gota Miura** (三浦 豪太, *Miura Gōta*, born 10 August 1969) is a Japanese freestyle skier. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics. His father, Yūichirō Miura, attempted to be the first person to ski down Mt. Everest, and three times set the record for thee oldest person to climb the mountain. Gota joined his father on at least one occasion.

## InfoBox

Gota Miura
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Born | (1969-08-10) 10 August 1969<br>Kamakura, Japan |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Freestyle skiing |


title: Gota de Leche

abstract: Gota de Leche is a foundation started by Trinidad Rizal and Concepción Felix in 1906 that primarily aims to provide nutritional and medical needs of indigent Filipino mothers and their children. Founded by La Protección de la Infancia Inc., the foundation continues to deliver daily milk rations to Filipino infants Its headquarters, the Gota de Leche building located at 859 S. Loyota St., Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines, designed by architects Juan Arellano and Arcadio Arellano, was awarded Honourable Mention by the UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2003. This opened further support from the National Commission on Culture and the Arts. The Gota de Leche Building was declared by the National Museum of the Philippines as an Important Cultural Property in August 2014.

text:
# Gota de Leche

**Gota de Leche** (lit. A Drop of Milk) is a foundation started by Trinidad Rizal (sister of Philippine National Hero, Dr. José Rizal) and Concepción Felix in 1906 that primarily aims to provide nutritional and medical needs of indigent Filipino mothers and their children. Founded by La Protección de la Infancia Inc., the foundation continues to deliver daily milk rations to Filipino infants

Its headquarters, the Gota de Leche building located at 859 S. Loyota St., Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines, designed by architects Juan Arellano and Arcadio Arellano (founding father of Philippine architecture), was awarded Honourable Mention by the UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2003. This opened further support from the National Commission on Culture and the Arts.

The Gota de Leche Building was declared by the National Museum of the Philippines as an Important Cultural Property in August 2014.

## History

*Beriberi*, a sickness caused by a nutritional deficit in Vitamin B1 or Thiamine, was discovered among Filipino women after the Philippine–American War in 1902. Hundreds of infants died before ever reaching 3 months old and it was found that the milk coming from affected mothers were causing these deaths. This distressing condition moved a group of women to address the situation. And so in 1905, Asosación Feminista Filipina was born. It was led by Trinidad Rizal and Concepcion Felix, together with other educated women of the time.

Gota de Leche was established the year after, in 1906, as station that manages the daily distribution of pasteurized cow’s milk to Filipino infants. They also provide nutrition education programs to Filipino mothers.

This project was recognized as heroic and in order for it to further succeed, the founders needed to collaborate with other professionals who were willing to lend a helping hand to the cause. The collaboration subsequently led to the formation of La Protección de la Infacia Inc., the Philippines’ first independent charity organization constituted by doctors and business leaders among others.

La Protección de la Infancia Inc. opened Gota de Leche, the brainchild of Dr. Calderon, who was inspired after witnessing the noble act of the organization.

Initially headquartered on *Calle San Pedro* (now Evangelista Street) in Santa Cruz near Plaza Miranda, the society moved to its present location in Sampaloc upon the completion of the Gota de Leche Building in 1917.

Gota de Leche continues its charitable activities. It still provides nutritional and medical assistance to qualified Filipino mothers and children while closely monitoring their improvement. This landmark building also houses the first national center for women’s rights that provides counselling services. Other services include dental assistance, educating families on common illnesses, and playing educational games with the children.

Gota de Leche has also started their Brown Rice program, for impoverished families ensuring access to complementary food rations for both mother and child. Volunteers come and provide information on diet and keeping healthy to their parents.

In the wake of the recent disaster caused by Typhoon Yolanda, the institution has also opened its doors, literally, to those displaced by the typhoon.

The careful restoration of Gota de Leche established the importance of heritage structures and the value of historical buildings as an alternative to demolition.

14°36′10″N 120°59′18″E / 14.60290°N 120.98842°E / 14.60290; 120.98842

## InfoBox

Gota de Leche
| Founded | 1906 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Trinidad Rizal, Concepcion Felix |
| Type | Non-governmental organization |
| Location |  |
| Area served | Philippines |
| Owner | La Protección de la Infancia Inc. |


title: Valentin Držkovic

abstract: Valentin Držkovic was a Czech painter. He was strongly influenced by Art Nouveau and Impressionism.

text:
# Valentin Držkovic

**Valentin Držkovic** (10 February 1888 in Velká Polom – 27 October 1969 in Opava) was a Czech painter. He was strongly influenced by Art Nouveau and Impressionism.

## Biography

Držkovic graduated in theology and was ordained as a priest in 1911, he found his sense of life in the studies of painting and graphics at the Vienna Academy. After graduating, he took a number of study trips across Europe attending, France, Italy, Germany and the Carpathian Ruthenia.

He was greatly influenced by Art Nouveau and Impressionism. He devoted himself primarily to portrait painting at this time. In his work, he emphasized the psychology of portrayed characters. The model was the workers, the rogue, the maids, but also the family members and friends. In 1929, he painted the image of the "Haldy" with a strong social accent, which was also welcomed by the Paris critic at the Salon des Indépendants.

Držkovic's graphics captured the social problems with scenes from the native region. It also often captured rural life. His theological education represented the religious characters in some of his works.

He died in Opava in 1969 and is buried in a local cemetery in Velká Polom.

## Further reading

* Pelikánová, Gabriela; Kahánková, Taťána (2006). *Rodáci a významné osobnosti Moravskoslezského kraje*. Moravskoslezský kraj. p. 10.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Vošahlíková, Pavla (2011). *Biografický slovník českých zemí*. Praha. pp. 339–466, 394–395. ISBN 978-80-7277-451-7.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


title: Valentin Dragnev

abstract: Valentin Dragnev has been an Austrian grandmaster since 2018, an international master since 2016 and a FIDE master since 2014. He is currently the 2nd best player in Austria and 431st in the world. His highest rating was 2593. He was the Austrian chess champion in 2020 and got 2nd place in the Austrian championship in 2018. He participated in the 42nd and 43rd chess olympiads.

text:
# Valentin Dragnev

**Valentin Dragnev** (born 5 March 1999) has been an Austrian grandmaster since 2018, an international master since 2016 and a FIDE master since 2014. He is currently the 2nd best player in Austria and 431st in the world. His highest rating was 2593 (in May 2023). He was the Austrian chess champion in 2020 and got 2nd place in the Austrian championship in 2018. He participated in the 42nd and 43rd chess olympiads.

1. "Dragnev, Valentin FIDE Chess Profile - Players Arbiters Trainers". *ratings.fide.com*. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
2. "Valentin Dragnev chess games and profile". *ChessDB*.
3. "Valentin Dragnev". *tools.wmflabs.org*. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

## InfoBox

| Valentin Dragnev | |
| --- | --- |
| Dragnev in 2016 | |
| Country | Austria |
| Born | (1999-03-05) 5 March 1999<br>Vienna, Austria |
| Title | Grandmaster (2018) |
| FIDE rating | 2562 (October 2024) |
| Peak rating | 2593 (May 2023) |


title: V. K. Pavithran

abstract: Vattamparambil Krishnan Pavithran, known mononymously as Pavithran (1950–2006) was an Indian cinema director. He primarily concentrated on Malayalam films.

text:
# V. K. Pavithran

**Vattamparambil Krishnan Pavithran**, known mononymously as **Pavithran** (1950–2006) was an Indian cinema director. He primarily concentrated on Malayalam films.

## Career

After completing his graduation Pavithran made two unsuccessful attempts to get admission at the Pune Film Institute. This failure made him join a Law College nearby the film institute at Pune. Instead of studying law, he spent his time in the Film Institute seeing world classics and how films were made. He used this opportunity to befriend the institute students and understand cinema closely.

His friendship with director P. A. Backer led to the making of the film *Kabani Nadi Chuvannappol* (*When the River Kabani Turned Red*, 1975), which he produced. He made his directorial debut with *Yaro Oral* (*Someone*, 1978) for which G. Aravindan composed the music. The film was about the travails of urban life and identity crisis in the city. It introduced to Malayalam a genre of personal cinema, which is deliberately anti-realist. This won state awards for Best Direction, Best Editing and Best Cinematography. In 1981, he composed the music for T. V. Chandran's directorial debut *Krishnankutty*.

Later he made a shift in his form of filmmaking with *Uppu* (*Salt*, 1986), where he adopted the middle-stream cinema model. In *Uppu*, he told the story of the atavistic Muslim practice of male polygamy. It became controversial upon release. In an interview, Pavithran commented, "Salt is a trifle better - the truth always is. The religious laws are almost unknowingly misused by people, leading to the exploitation of those who succumb or resign themselves to religious and social pressures. Our intention was not to victimise or ridicule a minority." *Uppu* won the National Film Award for Best Regional Film.

In 1989, he directed *Utharam* which was written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair and featured Mammootty in the lead role. The film is about the investigative journey that the protagonist embarks on in order to find the reasons behind a poet's suicide, a bizarre step she took despite her picture-perfect life. The film became a major commercial and critical success. It has earned cult status and is now regarded as one of the best investigative thriller films in Malayalam cinema.

His last film *Kuttappan Sakshi* (*Kuttappan, the Witness*, 2002) begins in the pre-independence era when the communist movement was coming up in Kerala and inspiring poor peasants and other workers to raise their voice against the feudalism and the exploitation of the Nampoothiris.

## Death

Pavithran died on 26 February 2006. He was married to Kalamandalam Kshemavathy, with whom he had two daughters, Eva, an actress in South Indian films, and Lakshmi.

## Filmography

* Yaro Oral (1978) \[Malayalam\]
* Uppu (1986) \[Malayalam\]
* Utharam (1989) \[Malayalam\]
* Bali (1991) \[Malayalam\]
* Kuttappan Sakshi (2002) \[Malayalam\]

## InfoBox

| V. K. Pavithran | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names | Pavi |
| Occupation(s) | Director, Producer |
| Years active | 1975-2002 |
| Spouse | Kalamandalam Kshemavathy |
| Children | Eva Pavithran, Lakshmi |


title: Moses Hull

abstract: Moses Hull (1836–1907) was a minister for the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the 19th century, who later became a Spiritualist lecturer and author.

text:
# Moses Hull

**Moses Hull** (1836–1907) was a minister for the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the 19th century, who later became a Spiritualist lecturer and author.

## Biography

Born in Waldo, Ohio, Hull was a member of the United Brethren Church in his teens. He joined the Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1857, and became a prominent minister and debater for that denomination. In September 1863, Hull preached his last sermon as an Adventist minister.

Around this time, he turned most of energies towards the promotion of Spiritualism, specifically Christian Spiritualism, which saw spirit communication as the culmination of Christianity. He gained prominence in the movement for a series of debates with ministers, the outcome of which was evident in that the spiritualists rather than the ministers had the transcripts published. Hull became identified largely with Victoria Woodhull and the women's rights wing of the movement, which launched the Equal Rights Party campaign in 1872. Later, he became a national leader of the Greenback-Labor Party and various attempts to secure more rights for the farmers, the workers and women.

Soon after, he divorced his wife, Elvira, and married fellow spiritualist Mattie Brown Sawyer. He ran for Congress in 1906 on the ticket of the Socialist Party, and died in January 1907.

* Mark Lause, *The Civil War’s Last Campaign: James B. Weaver, the National Greenback-Labor Party & the Politics of Race and Section*. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2001.
* *Light Bearers: A History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church*, revised and updated edition, ed. Richard W. Schwarz and Floyd Greenleaf. (Nampa, Idaho: Pacific Press, 2000), p613–614
* *The Cure for the Last Daze* by Karl Haffner (Pacific Press, 2003), p66–67
* "The tragic story of Moses Hull" by James R. Nix. *Adventist Review* 164:35 (August 27, 1987), p16
* "Moses Hull's tragic story" by Jim Robertson. *Cornerstone Connections* 25 (July–September 1994), p78–83. Reprinted in 2002 and 2006 in the same magazine
* "A few words about greatness" by Bobbie Jane Van Dolson. *Insight* 7 (March 9, 1976), p18–19
* "My Uncle Moses" by Lewis R. Ogden. *Advent Review and Sabbath Herald* 150 (July 5, 1973), p11


title: Moses Hutzler

abstract: Moses Hutzler was a German-born American businessman and co-founder of the first Reform Jewish congregation in the United States, Har Sinai.

text:
# Moses Hutzler

**Moses Hutzler** (November 28, 1800 – January 13, 1889) was a German-born American businessman and co-founder of the first Reform Jewish congregation in the United States, Har Sinai.

## Biography

Moses Hutzler was born in Hagenbach, Bavaria, the son of and Beuleh (née Baer) and Gabriel Hutzler. After attending school in Hagenbach, he learned the tailoring and dry-goods business. In 1838, he emigrated to the United States and opened a tailoring shop for women in Baltimore, Maryland which was unsuccessful. He then moved to Frederick, Maryland where he opened a haberdashery business. In 1840, he returned to Baltimore. In 1858, his son Abram G. (1836-1927) opened the company *M. Hutzler & Son* as Moses signed the note backing the company. After two of his other sons, Charles G. (1840-1907) and David (1843-1915), joined the business, it was redenominated *Hutzler Brothers*. *Hutzler's* became the premier department store in Baltimore.

In May 1842, Hutzler founded the Har Sinai Association, an association of reform-minded Jews in Baltimore that formed a community modeled on the Hamburg Temple. The meetings were initially held in Hutzler's house and it was not until 1855 that David Einhorn became the first permanent rabbi.

## Personal life

Hutzler married twice. His first wife was Sophie Hutzler; they had two children that lived to adulthood:

1. Babette Hutzler (born 1824), married Abraham Gold, 4 children
2. Caroline Hutzler (1828–1907), married Edward Goldsmith, 9 children

In 1829, he married Caroline Neuberger (born 1804), the daughter of Eli B. Neuberger, a merchant. They had five children that lived to adulthood:

1. Theresa Hutzler (1830–1896), married Elkan Bamberger, 7 children including Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld (married to Felix Fuld)
2. Rosa Hutzler (1834–1910), married Levi Spandaeur, 9 children
3. Abram G. Hutzler (1836–1927)
4. Charles Gabriel Hutzler (1840–1907), married Henrietta Sonneborn, 7 children
5. David Hutzler, married Alla Joline Gutman, 6 children

He died in Baltimore, Maryland on January 13, 1889.

## InfoBox

| Moses Hutzler | |
| --- | --- |
| Moses Hutzler, 1888, Portrait by Louis Dieterich (1842–1922) | |
| Born | November 28, 1800
Hagenbach, Bavaria, Germany |
| Died | January 13, 1889 (age 88)
Baltimore, Maryland |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Spouse | Caroline Neuberger |
| Children | 7 including Abram G. Hutzler |
| Family | Louis Bamberger (grandson)
Caroline Bamberger Fuld (granddaughter) |


title: V Force

abstract: V Force was a reconnaissance, intelligence-gathering and guerrilla organisation established by the British against Japanese forces during the Burma Campaign in World War II.

text:
# V Force

**V Force** was a reconnaissance, intelligence-gathering and guerrilla organisation established by the British against Japanese forces during the Burma Campaign in World War II.

## Establishment and organisation

In April 1942, when the Japanese drove the British Army from Burma and seemed likely to invade India, General Sir Archibald Wavell ordered the creation of a guerrilla organisation which was to operate along the frontier between India and Burma. This frontier ran for 800 miles (1,300 kilometres), from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal.

V Force was envisaged as a "stay-behind" force. If the Japanese had invaded India after the monsoon season ended late in 1942, V Force was to harass their lines of communications with ambushes and sabotage, and to provide intelligence from behind enemy lines. The first commander of the force was Brigadier A. Felix Williams, formerly the commander of the Tochi Scouts, a paramilitary unit on the North-west Frontier. When the Army failed to provide the 6,000 rifles it had promised to V Force, Williams arranged for weapons manufactured by gunsmiths in Darra Adam Khel to be delivered.

The force was organised into six area commands, corresponding to the Indian Civil Service administrative areas, which in turn corresponded to the ethnicity of the inhabitants of the various parts of the frontier. Each area command had a Commander, Second-in-Command, Adjutant, Quartermaster and Medical Officer, four platoons (about 100 men) of the paramilitary Assam Rifles and up to 1,000 locally enlisted guerillas or auxiliaries.

The area commanders and other officers were rarely Regular Army officers; the qualification for appointment was more often expert knowledge of the local language and peoples. Some commanders were police officers, former civil administrators, or tea planters. Even one woman, the anthropologist Ursula Graham Bower, was appointed an officer in V Force.

The Japanese did not invade India in 1942 as had been feared. V Force was able to consolidate itself in the wide area between the Allied and Japanese main forces. Bases and outposts were set up, standing patrols instituted and intelligence gathered and collated. By the end of 1943, the force had been reorganised into two main zones: **Assam Zone**, including Imphal and all the frontier north of it, and **Arakan Zone** to the south. Detachments in Tripura were disbanded as they were deep inside India and unlikely to be threatened. An American organisation (OSS Detachment 101) later took over the northernmost areas around Ledo.

When the Indian Eastern Army carried out a small-scale invasion of Japanese-occupied Arakan in early 1943, V Force provided a degree of warning about the movements of Japanese reserves to the threatened area.

## Later operations

The threatened invasion of India finally happened in 1944. The V Force detachments forward of Imphal were engulfed. They could provide some intelligence of Japanese moves during the invasion, but they lacked supplies (the local dumps had been drawn down over 1943) and there were too many demands on Allied transport aircraft to allow supply drops to them. As a result, they were unable to harass the Japanese lines of communication as had been planned, and had to disband or make their way back into Allied lines.

The Lushai Brigade was formed from Indian infantry battalions and several thousand of V Force's former levies in the Lushai Hills, west of Imphal. Under Brigadier P. C. Marindin, they achieved great success against the lines of communication of the Japanese 33rd Division, and later spearheaded the Fourteenth Army's advance to the Irrawaddy River west of the Chindwin River.

When the Japanese retreated late in 1944 and the Allies advanced, V Force changed its character. Small detachments of native-speaking personnel operated immediately ahead of the advancing regular formations, to gather short-range intelligence. Ambushes were also conducted against the retreating Japanese forces when possible. A very similar unit, Z Force, established by Fourteenth Army, operated further ahead, its parties being deployed by parachute between 80 and 100 miles (130 and 160 km) ahead of the main forces.

Once Burma was largely reoccupied in 1945, V Force began deploying parties in Siam and Malaya in readiness for future operations. The war ended before they could be used in their intended role.

## Results

### Inter-community relations

In the Arakan, V Force became involved in a local conflict between the mainly Muslim Rohingya, Maugh and Buddhist Arakanese peoples. The Maughs provided most recruits for V Force, the Arakanese supported the Japanese, leading to the Arakan Massacres in 1942, and displacement of communities. Over the three years during which the Allies and Japanese fought over the Mayu peninsula, the Maughs engaged in a campaign against Arakanese communities, in many cases using weapons provided by V Force. In defence of the force, it can only be said that the conflict was no part of official policy, and possibly unavoidable in the situation.

### Effectiveness

Overall, V Force provided a useful screen for the Allied armies in India during the stalemate of 1942 and 1943. It proved unable to carry out its intended role of sabotage against enemy lines of communication, although the Lushai Brigade showed what was possible with assistance from regular units.

Regular formation commanders were occasionally scathing about the intelligence provided by V Force. One such was Lieutenant-General Geoffry Scoones, Commander of IV Corps. Concerning the arrival of Japanese reinforcements at the height of the Battle of Imphal, he wrote:

> Incidentally, the arrival of this Division or elements of it unheralded on this front is a pretty poor chit for our higher intelligence organisation. I sent in a long letter the other day setting out my views on the amount of money and manpower we are wasting on these hush-hush organizations and which, so far as I am concerned, produce nothing useful.

Scoones was not referring to V Force alone. However, one of his subordinates at Imphal (Major-General Douglas Gracey, commanding Indian 20th Infantry Division) broke up his best battalion (9/12th Frontier Force Regiment) to provide his own forward screen, rather than relying on V Force.

For most of the Burma campaign, Allied formation commanders treated reports from organisations such as V Force as reliable only when a British officer personally gained the information. V Force was also hampered by lack of Japanese translators or interpreters to deal with captured documents.

### Lessons

V Force established certain principles in Britain's handling of guerilla or irregular operations, which were to be important in later conflicts such as the Malayan Emergency. It was accepted that "civilians" with local expertise were entitled to command regular officers. Above all, V Force depended on the goodwill and loyalty of the local populations among which they operated, and made great efforts to gain this.

1. Keane 2010, p. 47.
2. Keane 2010, pp. 51–54.
3. Bayly & Harper 2005, pp. 383–384.
4. Allen 1984, p. 395.
* Allen, Louis (1984). *Burma: The longest War*. Dent Publishing. ISBN 0-460-02474-4.
* Bayly, Christopher; Harper, Tim (2005). *Forgotten Armies*. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-029331-0.
* Bowen, John (1978). *Undercover In The Jungle*. London: William Kimber. ISBN 0-7183-0226-5.
* Irwin, Anthony (1945). *Burmese Outpost*. London: Collins.
* Keane, Fergal (2010). *Road of Bones: The Siege of Kohima 1944*. London: HarperPress. ISBN 978-0-00-713240-9.
* Latimer, Jon (2004). *Burma: The Forgotten War*. London: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-6576-6.


title: V Film

abstract: V Film is a group of premium movie channels broadcasting in the Nordic countries owned by Viaplay Group.

text:
# V Film

**V Film** is a group of premium movie channels broadcasting in the Nordic countries owned by Viaplay Group.

## History

Viasat Film was started by Kinnevik on 27 August 1989 as TV1000, using one of the sixteen transponders on Astra 1A, the very first Astra satellite.

In June 1991 TV1000 announced that they channel would merge with another pay movie channel called SF Succé. This gave the channel a content boost with several Swedish films. It also made TV1000 more able to compete with FilmNet which was the leading premium channel at the time.

The merger took place on 1 September 1991. The name of the merged channel was initially announced to be "TV1000 Succékanalen", although this was not used on air.

As TV1000 was much larger than SF Succé, Kinnevik would own 75 percent of the new channel, while SF Succé's owners only owned 25 percent. When Kinnevik spun off their media division into the Modern Times Group in 1997, TV1000 wasn't included. Kinnevik were eventually able to buy out the rest of the owners, and TV1000 became a part of MTG in 2000.

In February 1995 a sister channel called TV1000 Cinema, or just "Cinema", launched. Cable distributors were initially hesitant to offer the new channel, which led MTG to close down another channel called FilmMax in November 1995 and trying to replace it with Cinema.

On 15 April 2000, when Viasat launched its digital platform, TV1000 and Cinema got two time-shift channels, each broadcasting the content with one- and two-hour delays.

On 1 September 2004 TV1000 had a major overhaul. Cinema and three of the time-shift channels closed down and were replaced by four themed movie channels. The line-up would then be TV1000, TV1000 Plus One (one hour time-shift of TV1000), TV1000 Family, TV1000 Action, TV1000 Nordic and TV1000 Classic.

In early 2008 TV1000 launched its first high-definition channel. It was called TV1000 HD and is a simulcast of the main TV1000 channel for the Nordic countries.

On 16 February 2009 an eighth TV1000 channel, TV1000 Drama, is launched in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. At the same time, the other TV1000 channels had their logos replaced by a new design.

The one-hour timeshift of the main TV1000 channel TV1000 Plus One was closed down on 1 August 2010.

On 2 January 2012 it was announced that the TV1000 channels will be rebranded as Viasat Film starting from 3 March 2012 in the Nordic region. TV1000 is still available in Central Europe as TV1000 East.

On April 23, 2014, changed Viasat in their lineup of movie channels, Viasat Film Nordic closed and was replaced by Viasat Film Comedy. The Nordic film will in future be included in the program on the other channels and Viasat Film Action and Viasat Film Classic was reduced transmission time and put forward only in the evening hours while closed to Viasat Film Drama HD. and Viasat Film Action HD began to simulcast with Nat Geo Wild HD in daytime on the Viasat satellite platform.

10 November 2015 changed Viasat back in their lineup of movie channels, Viasat Film Classic and Viasat Film Drama was closed down and replaced by Viasat Film Hits (Which will send new and classic film favorites) and Viasat Series (a pure serial channel with both new and classic series), also was changed during the program on other channels, it returned to again show series and children's programs as they did in the 90s under the brand TV1000, Viasat Film Family withdrawn children's programs from Disney Jr. daytime and Viasat Film Comedy began broadcasting classic comedy series in the daytime, also changed Viasat Film name to Viasat Film Premiere.

In 2018 the TV department of MTG was split off into Nordic Entertainment Group.

The Viasat Film channels were renamed V Film on 1 June 2020 as part of a major corporate rebranding.

### Transmission

TV1000 was previously transmitted using D2-MAC and encrypted with the EuroCrypt encryption system. It was available originally via the Astra 1A satellite, and later via the Intelsat 707 satellite (where TV1000 Cinema was also available via the co-located TV-Sat2 satellite). Today, the Scandinavian version of Viasat Film is transmitted digitally and encrypted in the VideoGuard system (after previously using the Viaccess system that was widely hacked) within the Viasat package on the Astra 4A satellite.

## TV1000 CEE

### TV1000 East

In March 2003, TV1000 East began broadcasting in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. A channel broadcasting only Russian movies called TV1000 Russkoe Kino (*ТВ1000 Русское Кино*) was launched in October 2005. In April 2008 was launched TV1000 Premium.

### TV1000 Balkan

TV1000 Balkan was launched on 18 November 2005 in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro. The channel aired Swedish erotic films at night until 2015.

### TV1000 Poland

TV1000 Poland was launched on March 5, 2007. The channel closed on January 15, 2013.

## InfoBox

V Film
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Sweden |
| Broadcast area | Nordic countries |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 4:3 (576i, SDTV)
16:9 (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Viaplay Group |
| Sister channels | V Series
V Sport |
| History | |
| Launched | 27 August 1989 (as TV1000)
3 March 2012 (as Viasat Film)
1 June 2020 (as V Film) |
| Replaced | SF Succé (from 1991) |
| Closed | 3 March 2012 (as TV1000) |
| Former names | * TV1000 (1989–2012) * Viasat Film (2012–2020) |


abstract: The First Secretary of the Mordovian regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Mordovian AO (1930–1934) and the Mordovian ASSR (1934–1991) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in September 1928, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

text:
# Mordovian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The **First Secretary of the Mordovian regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union** was the position of highest authority in the Mordovian AO (1930–1934) and the Mordovian ASSR (1934–1991) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created in September 1928, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

## List of First Secretaries of the Communist Party of Mordovia

| Name | Term of Office | | Life years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Start | End | |
| First Secretaries of the Communist Party | | | |
| Grigory Polumordvinov | September 1928 | November 1929 | 1897–1937 |
| Pavel Pellinen | November 1929 | September 1932 | 1897–1937 |
| Veniamin Gantman | September 1932 | January 1934 | 1891–1937 |
| Mikhail Prusakov | January 1934 | June 7, 1937 | 1896–1938 |
| Vladimir Putnin | June 14, 1937 | July 19, 1937 | 1896–1938 |
| Aleksandr Polyakov | July 19, 1937 | September 9, 1937 | 1902–1938 |
| Ivan Kuznetsov | September 9, 1937 | January 1940 | 1897–1983 |
| Vasily Petushkov | January 1940 | 1945 | 1894–1974 |
| Sergey Kochergin | 1945 | December 1948 | 1899–1959 |
| Ivan Piksin | December 1948 | September 1951 | 1905–1974 |
| Vasily Zakhurdayev | September 1951 | January 1958 | 1903–1974 |
| Georgy Osipov | January 1958 | March 3, 1968 | 1906–1980 |
| Pyotr Elistratov | March 3, 1968 | April 1971 | 1917–1987 |
| Anatoly Beryzin | April 1971 | August 24, 1990 | 1931–1998 |
| Vladimir Sanayev | August 24, 1990 | October 27, 1990 | 1932– |
| Viktor Skoptsov | October 27, 1990 | August 1991 | 1939–2009 |

## Sources


title: Moses Kunkuyu

abstract: Moses Kunkuyu is a Malawi politician who currently serves as the Minister of Information and Civic Education. He is also a Member of Parliament in the National Assembly of Malawi.

text:
# Moses Kunkuyu

**Moses Kunkuyu** is a Malawi politician who currently serves as the Minister of Information and Civic Education. He is also a Member of Parliament in the National Assembly of Malawi.

## Political career

Kunkuyu is one of the youngest politicians in the country. In 2009, he was elected Member of Parliament for the Blantyre south constituency on a Democratic Progressive Party ticket. Following the unpopularity of the Bingu wa Mutharika administration, Kunkuyu alleged in an interview for Zodiak Radio, Malawi that the advisors to the Party leadership were "too timid" to face him to Mutharika, and that the Party was living a lie. He subsequently formed the Hope Alliance, a pressure group within the Party seeking to influence change from within to the Mutharika government. This led to a hostile response from the government. Following the succession of Joyce Banda to the Malawi Presidency, Kunkuyu was appointed Minister of Information and Civic Education.

## InfoBox

| Moses Kunkuyu MP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Advisor to The President on Traditional Affairs | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
23 September 2020 | |
| President | Lazarus Chakwera |
| Preceded by | Patricia Kaliati |
| Minister of Information and Civic Education | |
| **In office**
10 April 2012  24 May 2014 | |
| President | Joyce Banda |
| Member of Parliament Blantyre South | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
19 May 2009 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Malawian |
| Political party | People's Party (Malawi) (2012-present) Democratic Progressive Party (2009–2012) |
| Profession | Politician |
| Cabinet | Member, Cabinet of Malawi 2012- |
|  | |


title: Vaazhga Jananayagam

abstract: Vaazhga Jananayagam is a 1996 Tamil-language political satire film directed by E. Ramdoss. The film stars Mansoor Ali Khan and Pragathi, with John Amirtharaj, S. S. Chandran, T. S. Raghavendra, Pandu, Raveendra Babu and Mahanadi Shankar playing supporting roles. It was released on 7 March 1996, and failed at the box office.

text:
# Vaazhga Jananayagam

***Vaazhga Jananayagam*** (transl.Long Live Democracy) is a 1996 Tamil-language political satire film directed by E. Ramdoss. The film stars Mansoor Ali Khan and Pragathi, with John Amirtharaj, S. S. Chandran, T. S. Raghavendra, Pandu, Raveendra Babu and Mahanadi Shankar playing supporting roles. It was released on 7 March 1996, and failed at the box office.

## Plot

Bhagat Singh (Mansoor Ali Khan) is an angry young man who cannot tolerate injustice. He buys and sells old stuff: he owns a small junk shop. Next to his shop, there is a fruit shop owned by the bubbly girl Anjala (Pragathi) and she likes to tease the short-tempered Bhagat Singh. Meanwhile, the corrupt police officer Sivashankar (Mahanadi Shankar) is transferred to a new city, where he forces the tradespeople to give him bribes. One day, he clashes with the talkative Anjala. Bhagat Singh stops their fight and humiliates the corrupt police officer. Later, Sivashankar tries to rape Anjala but Bhagat Singh comes in time and saves her. Worried about Anjala, Bhagat Singh immediately marries her.

One day, Bhagat Singh witnesses the murder of a journalist in front of his shop. The goons then beat up Bhagat Singh for no reason, he then hits back and Bhagat Singh wounds severely the local don Zinda (Raveendra Babu). This news reaches the Minister Sisubalan (John Amirtharaj) who considered the don Zinda as his right hand. Sisubalan asks Bhagat Singh to join him but he refuses. Later that night, Bhagat Singh is arrested and beaten by the police.

In a police lockup, Bhagat Singh remembers his tragic past. In the past, Bhagat Singh was a graduate and lived with his mother but he could not find a job. Bhagat Singh and his mother sold their house to bribe Sisubalan's accountant Ramanujam (T. S. Raghavendra). Sisubalan and Ramanujam ripped him off and Bhagat Singh's mother died due to the shock. Heartbroken, Bhagat Singh decided to become a junk dealer.

The rest of the story is how Bhagat Singh takes revenge on his enemies.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Mansoor Ali Khan, who also wrote the lyrics.

| Song | Singer(s) | Duration |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Amma Vanga" | Mano | 3:38 |
| "Kodambakkam" | Suresh Peters | 3:29 |
| "Saidapetta Singari" | Antony | 4:54 |
| "Aadu Machi Gopalu" | Malaysia Vasudevan | 3:33 |
| "Adi Painkiliyai" | T. S. Raghavendra | 2:57 |
| "Mazhai Penji" | T. S. Raghavendra | 3:44 |
| "ABCD Ungoppan" | Malgudi Subha | 4:22 |
| "Vaango Vaango" | Pazhani | 3:56 |

## InfoBox

| Vaazhga Jananayagam | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | E. Ramdoss |
| Written by | John Amirtharaj
E. Ramadoss (dialogues) |
| Produced by | J. A. Mohamed Ali |
| Starring | Mansoor Ali Khan
Pragathi |
| Cinematography | Thangar Bachan |
| Edited by | K. M. P. Kumar |
| Music by | **Original Songs**
Mansoor Ali Khan
**Background Score**
S. P. Venkatesh |
| Production
company | Raj Kennedy Films |
| Release date | * 7 March 1996 (1996-03-07) |
| Running time | 145 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Gordoncillo

abstract: Gordoncillo, is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. At the time of the 2010 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 499 inhabitants. It is well known for its Tierra de León (D.O) wines.

text:
# Gordoncillo

**Gordoncillo** (Spanish pronunciation: \[ɡoɾðonˈθiʎo\]), is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. At the time of the 2010 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 499 inhabitants.

It is well known for its Tierra de León (D.O) wines.

42°08′N 5°24′W / 42.133°N 5.400°W / 42.133; -5.400

## InfoBox

| Gordoncillo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gordoncillo | |
| Coordinates: 42°8′3″N 5°24′10″W / 42.13417°N 5.40278°W / 42.13417; -5.40278 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | León |
| Municipality | Gordoncillo |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Urbano Seco Vallinas (PSOE) |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.36 km2 (9.02 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 747 m (2,451 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 406 |
| Density | 17/km2 (45/sq mi) |
| Demonym | gordoncillense |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal Code | 24294 |
| Telephone prefix | 987 |
| Climate | Csb |
| Website | Ayto. de Gordoncillo |


title: Government Polytechnic College Anantnag

abstract: Government Polytechnic College Larkipora Anantnag is a college located in Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, and affiliated with the Jammu and Kashmir Department of Technical Education. The college was established in 2012 under the centrally sponsored scheme “Setting up new Polytechnics” by the Ministry of Human Resources Development within the government of India. It has a campus of around 9.5 acres at Larkipora and is an AICTE-approved college for polytechnic and government institution. The J&K State Board of Technical Education is situated at Larkipora, Dooru, Anantnag, Jammu And Kashmir. This college offers polytechnic diploma courses in India, offering ITI courses for technical education. Eligibility for admission may depend on state entrance exams.

text:
# Government Polytechnic College Anantnag

**Government Polytechnic College Larkipora Anantnag** is a college located in Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, and affiliated with the Jammu and Kashmir Department of Technical Education.

The college was established in 2012 under the centrally sponsored scheme “Setting up new Polytechnics” by the Ministry of Human Resources Development within the government of India. It has a campus of around 9.5 acres at Larkipora and is an AICTE-approved college for polytechnic and government institution. The J&K State Board of Technical Education is situated at Larkipora, Dooru, Anantnag, Jammu And Kashmir. This college offers polytechnic diploma courses in India, offering ITI courses for technical education. Eligibility for admission may depend on state entrance exams.

## History

The college was established in 2012 by the Jammu and Kashmir Government "to impart technical skills and expertise in the state's bright and young aspiring minds." The college admits approximately 120 students per year.

## InfoBox

Govt. Polytechnic College Anantnag
| Established | 2012 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Larkipora, Anantnag |
| Academic Affiliation | http://www.govtpolyanantnag.org/ |
| Number of Students | 360 |


title: Government Johnson College

abstract: Government Johnson College is an educational institution located near police headquarters, Shivaji Tillah, Khatla, Aizawl, Mizoram. It is currently affiliated with Mizoram University.

text:
# Government Johnson College

**Government Johnson College** is an educational institution located near police headquarters, Shivaji Tillah, Khatla, Aizawl, Mizoram. It is currently affiliated with Mizoram University.

## History

**Bungkawn College:** Bungkawn college traces its beginning when the community leaders of Bungkawn had the objective of beginning academic pursuits closer to students in the neighborhood. On 20 May 1992, Bungkawn College was established and the private college solely depends on the financial contribution made by the local community. Following the policy of Government of Mizoram, it was amalgamated with Johnson College, Khatla on 24 October 2002.

**Johnson College:** Previously named Khatla Arts and Commerce College, it was established on 27 July 1993 by community leaders of Khatla, Aizawl. The college is named after Mr P.P. John, an education-minded and a prominent resident of Khatla, who generously donated a sum of ₹12 lakhs. Consequently, the commerce stream was dropped and the Institution renamed Johnson college.

## Departments

The college has the following departments:

* Department of English
* Department of Mizo
* Department of History
* Department of Education
* Department of Political Science
* Department of Economics

## InfoBox

Government Johnson College
| Govt. Johnson College Official Logo | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | Primus inter pares |
| Motto in English | First among equals |
| Type | Co-ed undergraduate college |
| Established | 27 July 1993 |
| Affiliation | Mizoram University |
| Principal | Prof. K. Vanlalmawia |
| Location | Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India<br>23°43′13″N 92°42′37″E / 23.7203498°N 92.710145°E / 23.7203498; 92.710145 |
| Colors | blue |
| Website | http://johnsoncollege.mizoram.gov.in |