title: Myripristis leiognathus

abstract: Myripristis leiognathus is a species of fish in the family Holocentridae found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Their range spans from the Gulf of California to the coast of Ecuador, and outwards to the Galapagos, the Revillagigedo Islands, and Cocos Island. They are reef fish, often found hiding out at caves and rock ledges during the day and feeding on crustaceans at night. They are occasionally fished for, and sold by fishmongers.

text:
# Myripristis leiognathus

***Myripristis leiognathus*** is a species of fish in the family Holocentridae found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Their range spans from the Gulf of California to the coast of Ecuador, and outwards to the Galapagos, the Revillagigedo Islands, and Cocos Island. They are reef fish, often found hiding out at caves and rock ledges during the day and feeding on crustaceans at night. They are occasionally fished for, and sold by fishmongers.

## InfoBox

| *Myripristis leiognathus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Holocentriformes |
| Family: | Holocentridae |
| Genus: | *Myripristis* |
| Species: | ***M. leiognathus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myripristis leiognathus***
Valenciennes, 1846 | |
|


title: Gregory Fossedal

abstract: Gregory Fossedal is an American writer and political/economic theorist. He served as chairman of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI). Fossedal, Gordon Haff, Benjamin Hart, and Keeney Jones founded the Dartmouth Review in 1980. Fossedal graduated from Dartmouth College in 1981 magna cum laude with an A.B. in English Literature.

text:
# Gregory Fossedal

**Gregory Fossedal** (born 1959) is an American writer and political/economic theorist. He served as chairman of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI).

Fossedal, Gordon Haff, Benjamin Hart, and Keeney Jones founded the *Dartmouth Review* in 1980. Fossedal graduated from Dartmouth College in 1981 magna cum laude with an A.B. in English Literature.

## Past positions

## Current positions

* Chief Investment Officer, Democratic Century Fund, managed by the Emerging Markets Group
* Member of the board of directors of the Democracy Foundation
* Senior associate of SRS Investments (Zurich, Switzerland) - advises investors on national and global ideopolitical trends, and develops investment products for the securities industry.
* UPI columnist
* Executive committee chairman of the Ernest Martin Hopkins Institution, an independent association of Dartmouth alumni which encourages conservative social and political activists at the College
* Associate Editor of EducationNews.org

## Selected publications

* *Direct Democracy in Switzerland*, (Transaction Publishers, 2002)  <sup>\[usurped\]</sup>. Fossedal makes a strong case for the introduction of the Swiss style of government in other Western European countries, the United States and many of the globe's nascent democracies. Fossedal discusses the benefits and viability of direct democracy and how and why it should be implemented elsewhere in the world.
* *The Democratic Imperative: Exporting the American Revolution* (New Republic Books, 1989), economic and political history
* *Marshall Plan Commemorative Section: Miles to Go: From American Plan to European Union Helmut Schmidt*. A look back at perhaps the most important foreign policy success of the postwar period. Edited by Peter Grose, with contributions by historians Diane B. Kunz and David Reynolds, a memoir by Charles P. Kindleberger, a profile of Marshall and Acheson by James Chace and one of Will Clayton by Gregory Fossedal and Bill Mikhail; reflections from Roy Jenkins, Walt Rostow, and Helmut Schmidt.
* Fossedal, Gregory A. (1993). *Our Finest Hour: Will Clayton, the Marshall Plan, and the Triumph of Democracy*. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-9202-6. A biography of William L. Clayton.

## InfoBox

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| *Booknotes* interview with Fossedal on *The Democratic Imperative*, May 21, 1989, C-SPAN | |


title: Myrmarachne melanocephala

abstract: Myrmarachne melanocephala, is a species of spider of the genus Myrmarachne, a genus of ant-mimicking jumping spiders. It is found throughout the countries ranging from Pakistan to Indonesia. Type locality has been recorded as Bengal of British India.

text:
# Myrmarachne melanocephala

***Myrmarachne melanocephala***, is a species of spider of the genus *Myrmarachne*, a genus of ant-mimicking jumping spiders. It is found throughout the countries ranging from Pakistan to Indonesia. Type locality has been recorded as Bengal of British India (present day West Bengal, India).

## InfoBox

| *Myrmarachne melanocephala* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| female *M. melanocephala* from Thailand | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Myrmarachne* |
| Species: | ***M. melanocephala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myrmarachne melanocephala***<br>MacLeay, 1839 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Salticus contractus* Karsch, 1880 * *Salticus providens* Peckham & Peckham, 1892 * *Myrmarachne providens* Simon, 1901 | |


title: Muzkent, Gazipaşa

abstract: Muzkent is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Gazipaşa, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 872 (2022).

text:
# Muzkent, Gazipaşa

**Muzkent** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Gazipaşa, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 872 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Muzkent | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| MuzkentLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°11′N 32°24′E / 36.183°N 32.400°E / 36.183; 32.400 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Antalya |
| District | Gazipaşa |
| Population (2022) | 872 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Guaynabo Gol SC

abstract: Guaynabo Gol SC is a Puerto Rican association football club from Guaynabo that currently plays in the Liga Puerto Rico.

text:
# Guaynabo Gol SC

**Guaynabo Gol SC** is a Puerto Rican association football club from Guaynabo that currently plays in the Liga Puerto Rico.

## History

Guaynabo Gol SC joined the nascent Liga Puerto Rico for its inaugural season in 2018/19. It went on to finish in fourth place of eight teams. The club began the 2019/20 campaign which was eventually abandoned because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Domestic history

Key

Champion   Runners-up   3rd Place

| Season | League | | | | | | | Domestic Cup | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | P | | |
| 2018/19 | 1st | 4 | 21 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 35 | Semifinals |  |
| 2019/20 | | N/A | 16 | 10 | 0 | 6 | 30 |  | Season abandoned because of COVID-19 pandemic |

## InfoBox

Guaynabo Gol SC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Guaynabo Gol Soccer Club |
| Founded | 2007 (2007) |
| Ground | Estadio Charlie Fuentes <br>Guaynabo, Puerto Rico |
| Capacity | 1,000 |
| Manager | Jose Lubary |
| League | Liga Puerto Rico |
| 2019/20 | *Abandoned* |
| Website | Club website |


title: Guayo, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico

abstract: Guayo is a rural barrio in the municipality of Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.

text:
# Guayo, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico

**Guayo** is a rural barrio in the municipality of Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.

## History

Guayo was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the combined population of Guayo barrio and Vega Abajo barrio was 1,275.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 639 |  |  |
| 1920 | 485 |  | −24.1% |
| 1930 | 504 |  | 3.9% |
| 1940 | 872 |  | 73.0% |
| 1950 | 1,272 |  | 45.9% |
| 1960 | 918 |  | −27.8% |
| 1970 | 992 |  | 8.1% |
| 1980 | 979 |  | −1.3% |
| 1990 | 890 |  | −9.1% |
| 2000 | 886 |  | −0.4% |
| 2010 | 853 |  | −3.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1900 (N/A) 1910-1930
1930-1950 1960 1980-2000 2010 | | | |

## Special Community

Since 2001 when law 1-2001 was passed, measures have been taken to identify and address the high levels of poverty and the lack of resources and opportunities affecting specific communities in Puerto Rico. Initially there were 686 places that made the list. By 2008, there were 742 places on the list of *Comunidades especiales de Puerto Rico*. The places on the list are barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods and Guayo was one of the seven areas in Adjuntas which made the list.

## InfoBox

| Guayo | |
| --- | --- |
| Barrio | |
| Location of Guayo barrio within the municipality of Adjuntas shown in red | |
| GuayoLocation of Puerto Rico | |
| Coordinates: 18°10′43″N 66°49′18″W / 18.178565°N 66.82168°W / 18.178565; -66.82168 | |
| Commonwealth | Puerto Rico |
| Municipality | Adjuntas |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.97 sq mi (7.7 km2) |
| Land | 2.87 sq mi (7.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,709 ft (521 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 853 |
| Density | 297.2/sq mi (114.7/km2) |
|  | Source: 2010 Census |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (AST) |
| ZIP Codes | 00601, 00631 |
| Area code | 787/939 |
| Website | adjuntaspr.com |


title: Francisco Alves, Paraná

abstract: Francisco Alves is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. It lies along the roads BR-272 and PR-182.

text:
# Francisco Alves, Paraná

**Francisco Alves** is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. It lies along the roads BR-272 and PR-182.

24°04′S 53°50′W / 24.067°S 53.833°W / -24.067; -53.833

## InfoBox

| Francisco Alves | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Municipal location | |
| Francisco AlvesLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 24°04′S 53°50′W / 24.067°S 53.833°W / -24.067; -53.833 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southern |
| State | Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Noroeste Paranaense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 5,993 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Milesia cinnamomea

abstract: Milesia cinnamomea is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

text:
# Milesia cinnamomea

***Milesia cinnamomea*** is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

India.

## InfoBox

| *Milesia cinnamomea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Milesiina |
| Genus: | *Milesia* |
| Species: | ***M. cinnamomea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Milesia cinnamomea***<br>Hippa, 1990 | |
|


title: Justo Sahuaraura Inca

abstract: Justo Apu Sahuaraura Inca was an Incan noble and a leader of Peruvian independence. He was the son of Pedro Sahuaraura Tito Atauchi, chief of the Quispicanchi, a descendant of Paullu Inca and, through him, a descendant of Huayna Cápac. He began his studies at the College of San Francisco de Borja and continued them at the College of San Bernardo. He went to the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco, where he studied theology and canon law. After joining the clergy, he was the interim priest of Coaza (Carabaya), and for five years he was the head of doctrine in the district of Pachaconas (Antabamba). He graduated with a doctorate in 1808, was named the synodal examiner of the bishopric and general visitor of six provinces, and was assigned to the parish of Soraya (Aymaraes), in 1810. At the beginning of the Cuzco Rebellion of 1814 led by Brigadier Mateo Pumacahua, he gave his assets to the cause, although when the royal authority was restored, they were set on fire by order of Colonel Vicente González. Under pressure and subjected to multiple humiliations, he was finally released and returned to his curate. Back home he met Simon Bolívar, who recognized his merits and awarded him a civic medal. Named canon treasurer of the diocesan council of Cuzco (1825), he would be elected deputy by Aymaraes (1826). In January 1825 he was part of the Qualification Board established in Cusco by Simón Bolívar to distribute jobs among citizens qualified by their integrity, ability and service. This effort was led by Benito Laso and included Agustín Cosío, Toribio Salas, Juan de Mata Chacón y Becerra, Justo Sahuaraura, José Feijoó, Juan Béjar, Bartolomé Arregui and Martín Gavino Concha. Embittered by the treatment he received, he retired to the town of Canas. In his last years he wrote his memoirs and documented his family archives, ultimately publishing "Memories of the Peruvian Monarchy or outline of the history of the Incas". He left manuscripts in an Anthology of Inca Literature, among which was the codex of the Ollantay drama, copied around 1838 from a manuscript owned by the priest Antonio Valdes. His manuscript of "Memories of the Peruvian Monarchy" was stolen from Peru's National Library during the Chilean occupation of Lima from 1881–83. It was returned to Peru in November 2019 and unveiled in February 2020.

text:
# Justo Sahuaraura Inca

**Justo Apu Sahuaraura Inca** (Cusco, c. 1770 – Canas, ?) was an Incan noble and a leader of Peruvian independence. He was the son of Pedro Sahuaraura Tito Atauchi, chief of the Quispicanchi, a descendant of Paullu Inca and, through him, a descendant of Huayna Cápac.

He began his studies at the College of San Francisco de Borja and continued them at the College of San Bernardo. He went to the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco, where he studied theology and canon law. After joining the clergy, he was the interim priest of Coaza (Carabaya), and for five years he was the head of doctrine in the district of Pachaconas (Antabamba). He graduated with a doctorate in 1808, was named the synodal examiner of the bishopric and general visitor of six provinces, and was assigned to the parish of Soraya (Aymaraes), in 1810.

At the beginning of the Cuzco Rebellion of 1814 led by Brigadier Mateo Pumacahua, he gave his assets to the cause, although when the royal authority was restored, they were set on fire by order of Colonel Vicente González. Under pressure and subjected to multiple humiliations, he was finally released and returned to his curate.

Back home he met Simon Bolívar, who recognized his merits and awarded him a civic medal. Named canon treasurer of the diocesan council of Cuzco (1825), he would be elected deputy by Aymaraes (1826). In January 1825 he was part of the Qualification Board established in Cusco by Simón Bolívar to distribute jobs among citizens qualified by their integrity, ability and service. This effort was led by Benito Laso and included Agustín Cosío, Toribio Salas, Juan de Mata Chacón y Becerra, Justo Sahuaraura, José Feijoó, Juan Béjar, Bartolomé Arregui and Martín Gavino Concha.

Embittered by the treatment he received, he retired to the town of Canas. In his last years he wrote his memoirs and documented his family archives, ultimately publishing "Memories of the Peruvian Monarchy or outline of the history of the Incas" (Paris, 1850). He left manuscripts in an Anthology of Inca Literature, among which was the codex of the Ollantay drama, copied around 1838 from a manuscript owned by the priest Antonio Valdes.

His manuscript of "Memories of the Peruvian Monarchy" was stolen from Peru's National Library during the Chilean occupation of Lima from 1881–83. It was returned to Peru in November 2019 and unveiled in February 2020.

* *Alberto Tauro del Pino*. *Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú*. Lima: PEISA, 2001.

## InfoBox

| Justo Apu Sahuaraura Inca | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | c. 1770 |
| Nationality | Peruvian |
| Education | National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco |


title: Rock Out with Your Socks Out Tour

abstract: The Rock Out with Your Socks Out Tour was the first headlining concert tour by Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer, promoting the band's self-titled debut album. The pre-tour began on 13 November 2014 in Phoenix, Arizona, continuing in Los Angeles, and on 25 February 2015 in Tokyo, Japan. The remainder of the tour commenced on 4 May 2015 in Lisbon, Portugal, at Altice Arena and ended on 13 September 2015 in West Palm Beach, Florida.

text:
# Rock Out with Your Socks Out Tour

The **Rock Out with Your Socks Out Tour** was the first headlining concert tour by Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer, promoting the band's self-titled debut album. The pre-tour began on 13 November 2014 in Phoenix, Arizona, continuing in Los Angeles, and on 25 February 2015 in Tokyo, Japan. The remainder of the tour commenced on 4 May 2015 in Lisbon, Portugal, at Altice Arena and ended on 13 September 2015 in West Palm Beach, Florida.

## Background

In July 2014 the band, consisting of Luke Hemmings, Michael Clifford, Ashton Irwin, and Calum Hood, announced the European headlining dates, and later followed this up with announcements for both Australia and the US.

## Opening acts

## Setlist

**Europe / Oceania setlist**

4 May — 29 June 2015

1. "End Up Here"
2. "Out of My Limit"
3. "Heartbreak Girl"
4. "Voodoo Doll"
5. "Permanent Vacation"
6. "Don't Stop"
7. "Disconnected"
8. "Long Way Home"
9. "Rejects"
10. "Heartache On The Big Screen"
11. "Wrapped Around Your Finger"
12. "Amnesia"
13. "Beside You"
14. "Everything I Didn't Say"
15. "American Idiot" (Green Day cover)
16. "Kiss Me Kiss Me"
17. "She Looks So Perfect"

Encore 1. "Good Girls"
2. "What I Like About You" (The Romantics cover)

Notes  * They performed their song "Pizza" during the show in Madrid, Spain; Turin, Italy; Zürich, Switzerland; Munich, Germany; Oslo, Norway; during their second night in Birmingham, England and also during their shows in London, England.
* They performed a song named "Berlin sausage" during the show in Berlin, Germany.
* They performed a song named "Toblerone" in Zürich, Switzerland.
* They performed a song named "Oslo Song" in Oslo, Norway.
* They performed a song named "Swedish meatballs" on ROWYSO in Stockholm, Sweden.
* They performed a song named "S'il Vous Plaît" in Paris, France.
* They performed a song called "Birmingham Smells Like Ham" during the first night in Birmingham, England.
* They performed a song called "Fiery Dragon" about Michael's encounter with pyrotechnics during the show in Auckland, New Zealand.
* They performed a song called "English Love Affair" from their debut self-titled album while at their Belfast, Northern Ireland show on 30 May 2015.
* They performed "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" by The Proclaimers during their show in Glasgow on 1 June
* They performed a song about various Belgian kinds of food during the Belgian show on 21 May 2015
* They performed a song called "Amsterdam" about them not wanting to leave Amsterdam during the show in Amsterdam on 20 May 2015.
**North America setlist**

17 July — 13 September 2015

1. "End Up Here"
2. "Out of My Limit"
3. "Voodoo Doll"
4. "Permanent Vacation"
5. "Don't Stop"
6. "Disconnected"
7. "Long Way Home"
8. "Rejects"
9. "Heartache On The Big Screen"
10. "Wrapped Around Your Finger"
11. "Amnesia"
12. "Beside You"
13. "Everything I Didn't Say"
14. "American Idiot" (Green Day cover)
15. "Kiss Me Kiss Me"
16. "She's Kinda Hot"
17. "She Looks So Perfect"

Encore 1. "Good Girls"
2. "What I Like About You" (The Romantics cover)

Notes  * They performed "Heartbreak Girl and Pizza" at selected shows.
* They performed a song called "San Diego" in Chula Vista, California
* They performed a cover of Girls and Boys by Good Charlotte with Joel and Benji Madden in Irvine, California .
* They performed a song called "Hot Dog" in Irvine, California
* They performed a song called "Winnipeg Rhymes with Guinea Pig" during a show in Winnipeg, Canada
* They performed a song called "Sleepless in Seattle" during the show in Seattle
* They performed a song called "Kentucky Fried Chicken" during the show in Louisville, Kentucky
* They performed a song called "Howdy Y'all" during the show in Dallas
* They performed "Jet Black Heart" for the first time live on 2 September in Wantagh, New York.
* They performed their new single "She's Kinda Hot" for the first time after coming back from a short break before the North American leg of the tour at the Las Vegas, Nevada show, adding it into the set list.
* They played a song about "eating your phone" at the Chula Vista concert when Calum Hood asked the audience to put their phones away.
* They performed a song called "Boston, We're Playing Some Jazz" at the show in Mansfield, Massachusetts.

## Tour dates

Concerts
| Date | City | Country | Venue | Opening acts | Attendance | Revenue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Europe | | | | | | |
| 4 May 2015 | Lisbon | Portugal | Altice Arena | Hey Violet | 8,535 / 8,535 | $353,500 |
| 6 May 2015 | Madrid | Spain | Barclaycard Center | | 8,407 / 8,407 | $338,399 |
| 8 May 2015 | Turin | Italy | Torino Palasport Olimpico | | 8,838 / 8,838 | $350,913 |
| 9 May 2015 | Milan | | Mediolanum Forum | | 9,163 / 9,163 | $341,328 |
| 10 May 2015 | Zürich | Switzerland | Hallenstadion | | 7,182 / 7,182 | $538,466 |
| 12 May 2015 | Copenhagen | Denmark | Forum Copenhagen | | 6,945 / 6,945 | $402,202 |
| 13 May 2015 | Stockholm | Sweden | Ericsson Globe | | 10,751 / 10,751 | $518,774 |
| 14 May 2015 | Oslo | Norway | Oslo Spektrum | | 6,779 / 6,779 | $359,240 |
| 16 May 2015 | Berlin | Germany | O2 World | | 10,781 / 11,702 | $412,154 |
| 17 May 2015 | Munich | | Olympiahalle | | 8,219 / 8,219 | $365,183 |
| 18 May 2015 | Oberhausen | | König Pilsener Arena | | 9,672 / 9,672 | $443,242 |
| 20 May 2015 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | Ziggo Dome | | 11,861 / 11,861 | $495,137 |
| 21 May 2015 | Brussels | Belgium | Palais 12 | | 8,384 / 8,384 | $383,957 |
| 22 May 2015 | Paris | France | Zénith de Paris | | 5,436 / 5,436 | $231,016 |
| 23 May 2015 | Norwich | England | Earlham Park |  |  |  |
| 28 May 2015 | Dublin | Ireland | 3Arena | Hey Violet | 18,560 / 18,560 | $805,739 |
| 29 May 2015 | | | | | | |
| 30 May 2015 | Belfast | Northern Ireland | Odyssey Arena | | 8,183 / 8,183 | $396,985 |
| 1 June 2015 | Glasgow | Scotland | The SSE Hydro | | 11,108 / 11,108 | $571,889 |
| 2 June 2015 | Newcastle | England | Metro Radio Arena | | 9,153 / 9,153 | $478,250 |
| 3 June 2015 | Leeds | | First Direct Arena | | 11,053 / 11,053 | $572,733 |
| 5 June 2015 | Birmingham | | Barclaycard Arena | | 24,565 / 24,565 | $1,272,940 |
| 6 June 2015 | | | | |
| 7 June 2015 | Cardiff | Wales | Motorpoint Arena Cardiff | | 7,500 / 7,500 | $239,189 |
| 9 June 2015 | Manchester | England | Manchester Arena | | 13,239 / 13,239 | $683,245 |
| 10 June 2015 | Liverpool | | Echo Arena Liverpool | | 9,152 / 9,152 | $481,660 |
| 12 June 2015 | London | | The SSE Arena | | 31,211 / 31,211 | $1,662,460 |
| 13 June 2015\[d\] | | | | |
| 14 June 2015 | | | | |
| Oceania | | | | | | |
| 18 June 2015 | Auckland | New Zealand | Vector Arena | State Champs | 8,675 / 8,675 | $488,584 |
| 20 June 2015 | Sydney | Australia | Allphones Arena | | 13,128 / 13,128 | $806,856 |
| 23 June 2015 | Brisbane | | Brisbane Entertainment Centre | | 9,340 / 9,340 | $573,459 |
| 25 June 2015 | Melbourne | | Rod Laver Arena | | 11,259 / 11,259 | $714,987 |
| 27 June 2015 | Adelaide | | Adelaide Entertainment Centre | | 7,508 / 7,508 | $469,699 |
| 29 June 2015 | Perth | | Perth Arena | | 9,842 / 9,842 | $600,988 |
| North America | | | | | | |
| 17 July 2015 | Las Vegas | United States | Mandalay Bay Events Center | Hey Violet | 8,359 / 8,452 | $660,082 |
| 18 July 2015 | Chula Vista | | Sleep Train Amphitheatre | | 11,068 / 19,406 | $520,569 |
| 20 July 2015 | Irvine | | Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre | | 14,737 / 14,823 | $744,594 |
| 21 July 2015 | Concord | | Concord Pavilion | | 10,378 / 12,331 | $435,178 |
| 22 July 2015 | Mountain View | | Shoreline Amphitheater | | 15,642 / 22,000 | $475,024 |
| 24 July 2015 | Seattle | | KeyArena | | 11,395 / 11,813 | $638,574 |
| 25 July 2015 | Vancouver | Canada | Rogers Arena | | 9,933 / 13,326 | $531,734 |
| 27 July 2015 | Edmonton | | Rexall Place | | 11,407 / 12,418 | $604,177 |
| 29 July 2015 | Winnipeg | | MTS Centre | | 7,740 / 11,186 | $391,835 |
| 31 July 2015 | St. Paul | United States | Xcel Energy Center | | 13,626 / 14,205 | $798,934 |
| 1 August 2015 | Tinley Park | | First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre | | 30,609 / 57,092 | $1,252,026 |
| 2 August 2015 | | | | |
| 4 August 2015 | Louisville | | KFC Yum! Center | | 13,120 / 15,284 | $743,678 |
| 5 August 2015 | Atlanta | | Aaron's Amphitheatre | | 17,214 / 18,644 | $642,400 |
| 7 August 2015 | Dallas | | Gexa Energy Pavilion | | 20,340 / 20,382 | $802,041 |
| 8 August 2015 | The Woodlands | | Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion | | 16,416 / 16,416 | $677,821 |
| 19 August 2015 | Auburn Hills | | The Palace of Auburn Hills | | 13,206 / 13,361 | $769,481 |
| 21 August 2015 | Cleveland | | Quicken Loans Arena | | 12,349 / 14,075 | $732,114 |
| 22 August 2015 | Noblesville | | Klipsch Music Center | | 14,810 / 23,348 | $438,488 |
| 23 August 2015 | Burgettstown | | First Niagara Pavilion | | 10,879 / 22,945 | $404,540 |
| 25 August 2015 | Toronto | Canada | Molson Canadian Amphitheatre | | 15,686 / 15,741 | $587,361 |
| 26 August 2015 | Saratoga Springs | United States | Saratoga Performing Arts Center | | 8,907 / 24,993 | $402,873 |
| 28 August 2015 | Mansfield | | Xfinity Center | | 19,183 / 19,647 | $766,110 |
| 29 August 2015 | Hershey | | Hersheypark Stadium | | 22,151 / 24,077 | $1,124,163 |
| 30 August 2015 | Holmdel | | PNC Bank Arts Center | | 16,808 / 16,808 | $656,630 |
| 1 September 2015 | Wantagh | | Nikon at Jones Beach Theater | | 22,750 / 27,405 | $1,446,727 |
| 2 September 2015 | | | | |
| 4 September 2015 | Camden | | BB&T Pavilion | | 13,180 / 24,581 | $522,884 |
| 5 September 2015 | Hartford | | Xfinity Theatre | | 11,917 / 23,922 | $458,585 |
| 6 September 2015 | Bristow | | Jiffy Lube Live | | 13,141 / 22,368 | $666,552 |
| 7 September 2015 | Virginia Beach | | Farm Bureau Live | | 7,127 / 19,943 | $309,204 |
| 9 September 2015 | Charlotte | | PNC Music Pavilion | | 11,739 / 18,441 | $513,631 |
| 10 September 2015 | Raleigh | | Walnut Creek Amphitheatre | | 8,806 / 19,836 | $296,743 |
| 12 September 2015\[b\] | Tampa | | MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre | | 16,027 / 19,147 | $618,493 |
| 13 September 2015 | West Palm Beach | | Perfect Vodka Amphitheatre | | 11,911 / 19,288 | $440,374 |
| Total | | | | | **782,735 / 959,820** | **$37,427,794** |

a Extra date added on 15 June 2015 due to demand.

b Extra date added on 10 September 2015 due to demand.

c The 23 May 2015 concert in Norwich, England was a part of Radio 1's Big Weekend.

d Guitarist Michael Clifford incurred burns to his head and left side of his face during "She Looks So Perfect". As a result of his injuries, the band didn't complete the encore.

e During the BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend, lead singer and guitarist Luke Hemmings had a case of laryngitis, but proceeded to perform.

f During the band's show in Holmdel, New Jersey on 30 August 2015, the band found out onstage that they had won the Video Music Award for "She's Kinda Hot" being Song of the Summer.

## InfoBox

Rock Out with Your Socks Out Tour
| Tour by 5 Seconds of Summer | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster for the tour | |
| Associated album | *5 Seconds of Summer* |
| Start date | 13 November 2014 (2014-11-13) |
| End date | 13 September 2015 (2015-09-13) |
| Legs | 3 |
| No. of shows | 69 |
| Supporting act(s) | Hey Violet |
| 5 Seconds of Summer concert chronology | |


title: Nagasaki Saints

abstract: Nagasaki Saints The Nagasaki Saints (長崎セインツ) were a semi-professional baseball team in the Shikoku-Kyūshū Island League of Japan that played in Nagasaki Prefecture. The team was established as part of the league's expansion in 2008, along with the Fukuoka Red Warblers. In 2009, the team won a half-season championship. Following the 2010 season, the team announced that it would not participate in the league's 2011 season; the Saints were officially dissolved in September 2010.

text:
# Nagasaki Saints

The **Nagasaki Saints** (長崎セインツ) were a semi-professional baseball team in the Shikoku-Kyūshū Island League of Japan that played in Nagasaki Prefecture. The team was established as part of the league's expansion in 2008, along with the Fukuoka Red Warblers.

In 2009, the team won a half-season championship. Following the 2010 season, the team announced that it would not participate in the league's 2011 season; the Saints were officially dissolved in September 2010.

## InfoBox

| Nagasaki Saints | |
| --- | --- |
| Information | |
| League | Shikoku Island League (2009–2010) |
| Ballpark | Nagasaki Baseball Stadium |
| Established | 2008 |
| Colors | Dark Blue, Gold<br> |
| Manager | Hiroshi Nagadomi |


title: Ikkitousen Strong Climb

abstract: Ikkitousen Strong Climb is a professional wrestling round-robin hardcore tournament held by Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) every two years to determine the best wrestler of BJW's Strong BJ division. The tournament was first held in 2014. The tournament differs from the Ikkitousen Deathmatch Survivor as it features matches of strong style format while the former tournament features deathmatch variations.

text:
# Ikkitousen Strong Climb

**Ikkitousen Strong Climb** is a professional wrestling round-robin hardcore tournament held by Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) every two years to determine the best wrestler of BJW's Strong BJ division. The tournament was first held in 2014. The tournament differs from the Ikkitousen Deathmatch Survivor as it features matches of strong style format while the former tournament features deathmatch variations.

## List of winners

| Year | Winner | Total won | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | Yoshihito Sasaki | 1 |  |
| 2014 | Shuji Ishikawa | 1 |  |
| 2016 | | 2 |  |
| 2018 | Hideki Suzuki | 1 |  |
| 2020 | Daichi Hashimoto | 1 |  |
| 2022 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 1 |  |

## 2012

The 2012 Ikkitousen Strong Climb was held between February 26 and March 26, 2012.

Final standings
| Block A | | Block B | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Daisuke Sekimoto | 10 | Yoshihito Sasaki | 10 |
| Sami Callihan | 8 | Bad Bones | 8 |
| Yuji Okabayashi | 6 | Brahman Shu | 6 |
| Masashi Otani | 2 | Shinobu | 4 |
| Ryuichi Kawakami | 2 | Shinya Ishikawa | 2 |
| Takumi Tsukamoto | 2 | Kazuki Hashimoto | 0 |

|  | Final | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  | A1 | Daisuke Sekimoto | Pin |  |
|  | | | | |
|  | B1 | **Yoshihito Sasaki** | 15:29 |  |

## 2014

The 2014 Ikkitousen Strong Climb was held between May 17 and July 26, 2014.

Final standings
| Block A | | Block B | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shuji Ishikawa | 10 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 8 |
| Yuko Miyamoto | 6 | Manabu Soya | 6 |
| Shinya Ishikawa | 6 | Shinobu | 6 |
| Atsushi Maruyama | 4 | Kazuki Hashimoto | 4 |
| Shiori Asahi | 4 | Ryuichi Kawakami | 4 |
| Hideyoshi Kamitani | 0 | Masato Inaba | 2 |

|  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | B1 | **Daisuke Sekimoto** | Pin |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | A2 | Yuko Miyamoto | 13:36 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | B1 | Daisuke Sekimoto | Pin |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | A1 | **Shuji Ishikawa** | 13:11 |  |
|  | A1 | | | | | | **Shuji Ishikawa** | Pin |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | B2 | Manabu Soya | 11:21 |  |

## 2016

The 2016 Ikkitousen Strong Climb was held between March 6 and April 10, 2016.

Final standings
| Block A | | Block B | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Daichi Hashimoto | 6 | Hideki Suzuki | 8 |
| Hideyoshi Kamitani | 6 | Shuji Ishikawa | 8 |
| Daisuke Sekimoto | 6 | Ryota Hama | 6 |
| Kohei Sato | 4 | Yuji Okabayashi | 4 |
| Seiya Sanada | 4 | Shinobu | 2 |
| Atsushi Maruyama | 4 | Yoshihisa Uto | 2 |

|  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | A1 | Daichi Hashimoto | Pin |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | B2 | **Shuji Ishikawa** | 8:09 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | B2 | **Shuji Ishikawa** | Pin |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | A2 | Hideyoshi Kamitani | 22:54 |  |
|  | A2 | | | | | | **Hideyoshi Kamitani** | Count-out |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | B1 | Hideki Suzuki | 7:12 |  |

## 2018

The 2018 Ikkitousen Strong Climb was held between March 8 and April 15, 2018. The Block A winner Daichi Hashimoto defended his BJW World Strong Heavyweight Championship against Block B winner Hideki Suzuki in the final round of the tournament on April 15, in which Suzuki defeated Hashimoto to win the title and the tournament.

Final standings
| Block A | | Block B | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Daichi Hashimoto | 8 | Hideki Suzuki | 8 |
| Yasufumi Nakanoue | 7 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 7 |
| Ryota Hama | 6 | Ryuichi Kawakami | 6 |
| Hideyoshi Kamitani | 5 | Yoshihisa Uto | 5 |
| Takuya Nomura | 2 | Kazuki Hashimoto | 2 |
| Yuya Aoki | 2 | Kazumi Kikuta | 2 |

|  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | B1 | **Hideki Suzuki** | Pin |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | A2 | Yasufumi Nakanoue | 14:05 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | B1 | **Hideki Suzuki** | Pin |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | A1 | Daichi Hashimoto | 16:02 |  |
|  | A1 | | | | | | **Daichi Hashimoto** | Pin |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | B2 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 15:13 |  |

## 2020

The 2020 Ikkitousen Strong Climb was held between March 3 and April 26, 2020. The Block A winner Daichi Hashimoto, also the BJW World Strong Heavyweight Champion, defeated Block C winner Quiet Storm in the final round of the tournament. Several events that were scheduled to showcase the tournament were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The matches that were to take place on those events were scored as draws with each wrestler earning one point.

Final standings
| Block A | | Block B | | Block C | | Block D | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Daichi Hashimoto | 5 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 7 | Quiet Storm | 5 | Jake Lee | 6 |
| Yoshiki Inamura | 4 | Kohei Sato | 5 | Yuji Hino | 5 | Kazumi Kikuta | 5 |
| Ryuichi Kawakami | 4 | Isami Kodaka | 3 | Ryota Hama | 4 | Yuya Aoki | 3 |
| T-Hawk | 4 | Taishi Takizawa | 2 | Yuji Okabayashi | 4 | Yasufumi Nakanoue | 3 |
| Akira Hyodo | 3 | Kazuki Hashimoto | 2 | Hideyoshi Kamitani | 2 | Takuya Nomura | 3 |

|  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | A1 | **Daichi Hashimoto** | Pin |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | B1 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 12:20 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | A1 | **Daichi Hashimoto** | Pin |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | C1 | Quiet Storm | 17:24 |  |
|  | C1 | | | | | | **Quiet Storm** | CO |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | D1 | Jake Lee | 4:53 |  |

## 2022

The 2022 Ikkitousen Strong Climb was held between January 5 and February 20, 2022.

Final standings
| Block A | | Block B | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yasufumi Nakanoue | 6 | Daisuke Sekimoto | 10 |
| Hideyoshi Kamitani | 6 | Kazumi Kikuta | 8 |
| Yuji Okabayashi | 6 | Daichi Hashimoto | 6 |
| Takuya Nomura | 6 | Yuya Aoki | 4 |
| Kota Sekifuda | 4 | Kazuki Hashimoto | 2 |
| Takuho Kato | 2 | Kosuke Sato | 0 |

|  | Final | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  | A1 | Yasufumi Nakanoue | Pin |  |
|  | | | | |
|  | B1 | **Daisuke Sekimoto** | 17:24 |  |

## InfoBox

| Ikkitousen Strong Climb | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotions | Big Japan Pro Wrestling |
| First event | 2012 |
| Event gimmick | Round-robin tournament to determine the best wrestler of BJW's Strong BJ division |


title: Halgerda dalanghita

abstract: Halgerda dalanghita is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

text:
# Halgerda dalanghita

***Halgerda dalanghita*** is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

The holotype of *Halgerda dalanghita* was collected at Maricaban Island, Luzon, Philippines. Additional specimens from the same locality, Papua New Guinea, and Natal, South Africa were included in the original description. Subsequent records extend the distribution to Japan and the Solomon Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Halgerda dalanghita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Family: | Discodorididae |
| Genus: | *Halgerda* |
| Species: | ***H. dalanghita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Halgerda dalanghita***<br>Fahey & Gosliner, 1999 | |
|


title: Haidinger fringe

abstract: Haidinger fringes are interference fringes formed by the interference of monochromatic and coherent light to form visible dark and bright fringes. Fringe localization is the region of space where fringes with reasonably good contrast are observed. Haidinger fringes are fringes localized at infinity. Also known as fringes of equal inclination, these fringes result when light from an extended source falls on a thin film made of an optically denser medium. These fringes indicate the positions where light interferes, emerging from the medium at an equal angle. They are also observed in Fabry-Pérot and Michelson interferometers. They can be observed by introducing a converging lens between the film and observation plane with focus of the lens lying in observation plane.

text:
# Haidinger fringe

**Haidinger fringes** are interference fringes formed by the interference of monochromatic and coherent light to form visible dark and bright fringes. Fringe localization is the region of space where fringes with reasonably good contrast are observed.

Haidinger fringes are fringes localized at infinity. Also known as fringes of equal inclination, these fringes result when light from an extended source falls on a thin film made of an optically denser medium. These fringes indicate the positions where light interferes, emerging from the medium at an equal angle. They are also observed in Fabry-Pérot and Michelson interferometers. They can be observed by introducing a converging lens between the film and observation plane with focus of the lens lying in observation plane.

* Ghatak, Ajoy (2005). *Optics* (3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. pp. 13.12–13.13.
* Hecht, Eugene (2014). *Optics* (4th ed.). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education. pp. 404–405.

Specific 1. Hecht


title: Undisputed (DMX album)

abstract: Undisputed is the seventh studio album by American rapper DMX, his first studio album in six years since Year of the Dog... Again (2006) and the last to be released during his lifetime. It was released on September 11, 2012, on Seven Arts Music.

text:
# Undisputed (DMX album)

***Undisputed*** is the seventh studio album by American rapper DMX, his first studio album in six years since *Year of the Dog... Again* (2006) and the last to be released during his lifetime. It was released on September 11, 2012, on Seven Arts Music.

## Background

On October 11, 2011, DMX performed at the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards. He stated that he has been working "nonstop, every day" on the new album, and plans to release it before December 2012. During a performance at New York City's Santos Party House on December 25, 2011, DMX stated that the new album will be entitled *Undisputed* and would be released on March 26, 2012. This was later confirmed by DMX via his official Twitter account, where he also confirmed that its first single is scheduled for release in January 2012. A video for a new track entitled "Last Hope" was released via the Internet on September 24, 2011. This was later released on his The Weigh In EP and omitted from the final release of Undisputed.

Seven Arts Entertainment Inc. recently purchased by David Michery music assets, which included some of DMX's music. DMX's had announced that *Undisputed* will be released on March 27, 2012. However it was later revealed that DMX did not plan to release the album on that date, and that date was one forced upon him by the record label. The release date for the album was set for June 26, 2012. However, DMX announced in Detroit, Michigan on June 9, 2012, that due to the record label, the date will be pushed back again. It was then scheduled for release on August 28, 2012. Later, an official press release from the label pushed the back date to September 11, 2012. He donated the album's first week sales to the victims of the September 11 attacks. The album features only one male guest appearance by rapper Machine Gun Kelly. The album was also supposed to feature Sean Kingston, Tyrese Gibson and Busta Rhymes, but none of these artists were featured in the final cut.

## Release and promotion

On May 15, 2012, DMX and Dame Grease released a pre-album EP which would be free for download, called *The Weigh-In* featuring artists such as Snoop Dogg, Big Stan, and Tyrese. It also featured production from West Coast rapper and producer Dr. Dre. Promoting his album, DMX announced the Undisputed Tour, with 15 concerts, across the United States throughout June and early July 2012.

### Singles

On January 6, 2012, DMX performed live the first single of the album, "I Don't Dance" featuring MGK in Long Beach. It was released on iTunes on April 7, 2012. DMX shot a video for the song, also featuring MGK. He also released a behind-the-scenes video. The official video premiered on MTV Jams on June 23, 2012, and was later uploaded to his YouTube account. Xzibit made a cameo appearance. DMX released the second single, "Head Up", on September 4, 2012.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *RapReviews* | 6/10 |
| *The Versed* |  |
| *XXL* |  |

Upon its release, *Undisputed* received generally mixed reviews from music critics. Christopher Minaya of *XXL* said, "X provides more bark than bite this go-around, as he often leaves listeners yearning for more lyrically while the selection of beats is open to discussion as many are up to snuff at best. Peaking so early in his career was a gift to his legacy but a curse to his longevity. As a result, fans understandably expect another "Party Up (Up In Here)," yet "I Don't Dance" is simply not that. *Undisputed* exhibits little of X's impressive illustration but renews the high level of passion and energy he excels at relaying to listeners. X has been staying out of trouble, making it to shows and has improved his raps since The Weigh In, a trend one can only wish continues." In a mixed review Ken Capobianco writing for the *Boston Globe* stated, "on his comeback after years of career self-destruction, he doesn’t come close to recapturing the intensity and glorious contradictions of his best work. Despite some excellent beats from some of his Ruff Ryder heyday producers including Swizz Beatz, the MC struggles to tap into the menacing, confrontational bark that made him a star."

Pete T of RapReviews said, "the at-times triumphant return *Undisputed* wears many hats and dons most of them admirably. Here you'll find his trademark street anthems replete with horns and barking, desolate monologues toward a silent God, and endless exploration of a chronically conflicted character. He doesn't break much new ground, nor does he lend the sense that he's forcibly trying to reclaim past glory. Upon hearing the opener "What They Don't Know," an archetypal Swizz Beatz jam that stands among the best the duo ever concocted, it's almost impossible not to proclaim the return of the dog." *Huffington Post* labeled DMX as past his prime, but also said "The production on *Undisputed* is respectable with Swizz Beatz, J.R. Rotem, Dame Grease and Tronzilla laying down the tracks, but their efforts don't help the overall quality. Surprisingly, the most enjoyable songs aren't the hardcore ones. Instead, it's the R&B-flavored "Cold World" and "No Love"."

Rap Radar named it the fifth most disappointing album of 2012. Colton S. of TheVersed stated, "Overall, *Undisputed*, is an admirable effort from one of hip hop’s most esteemed, important, and interesting artists. As strange as it sounds, DMX is at his best here when he holds himself back a little and opens up about his personal struggles. Unfortunately, he only does that on a small handful tracks. Throughout the rest of the project we get some interesting, yet technically deficient religious songs, and some misguided attempts at some of the high-energy party anthems he became famous for."

## Commercial performance

*Undisputed* debuted at number 19 on the US *Billboard* 200, selling 17,000 copies, while making it to number two in Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

## Track listing

*Undisputed* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Lookin' Without Seein'" (Intro) |  | Elite | 0:50 |
| 2. | "What They Don't Know" |  | Swizz Beatz | 3:42 |
| 3. | "Cold World" (featuring Andreena Mill) | * Simmons * Damon Blackman * Nick Zesses * Dino Fekaris |  | 4:04 |
| 4. | "I Don't Dance" (featuring MGK) |  | Rotem | 3:27 |
| 5. | "Sucka for Love" (featuring Dani Stevenson) | * Simmons * Darius Harrison | Deezle | 4:10 |
| 6. | "I Get Scared" (featuring Rachel Taylor) | * Simmons * Blackman | Dame Grease | 3:54 |
| 7. | "Slippin' Again" | * Simmons * Gertis Lamont McDowell | Bird | 3:47 |
| 8. | "Prayer" (Skit) | Simmons | X | 1:42 |
| 9. | "I'm Back" |  | Bird | 2:33 |
| 10. | "Have You Eva" |  | Dame Grease | 3:44 |
| 11. | "Get Your Money Up" | Simmons | Snaggs | 2:21 |
| 12. | "Head Up" |  | Tronzilla | 4:31 |
| 13. | "Frankenstein" | * Simmons * Kannon Cross * Gregory Ford, Jr. | * Caviar * G'Sparkz | 2:34 |
| 14. | "Ya'll Don't Really Know" | * Simmons * Dean | Swizz Beatz | 2:38 |
| 15. | "I Got Your Back" (featuring Kashmir) | * Simmons * Cross * Ford | * Caviar * G'Sparkz | 3:15 |
| 16. | "No Love" (featuring Andreena Mill) |  | * Dame Grease * Snaz | 3:20 |
| 17. | "Already" | * Simmons * Pat Gallo | Divine Bars | 3:59 |
| Total length: | | | | 54:41 |

Deluxe edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18. | "Fire" (featuring Kashmir) | * Simmons * Blackman | Dame Grease | 3:13 |
| 19. | "Fuck U Bitch" | Simmons | Elite | 2:59 |
| 20. | "Love That Bitch" | * Simmons * Pat Gallo | Divine Bars | 3:20 |

**Notes**

* "Get Your Money Up" is not available on any of the digital music services.
* "Already and "Love That B\*tch" feature uncredited vocals by Jannyce.

**Sample credits**

## Personnel

Credits for Undisputed adapted from Allmusic.

* Robert Cardenas – Graphic Direction, Layout
* Marz Castro – Images
* Caviar – Mixing
* R. Colson – Composer
* Kannon "Caviar" Cross – Producer
* Dame Grease – Producer
* Snaz – Producer
* DMX – Primary Artist
* Charles Dorman – Instrumentation, Keyboards, Strings
* Barry Eastmond – Composer
* Gregory Ford Jr. – Composer
* Jason Fowler – Management
* Pat Gallo – Producer
* Patrick Gallo – Composer
* Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – Mastering
* Bob Gotti – A&R
* John Gray – Editing, Engineer, Mixing
* Darius Deezle Harrison – Producer
* Ronnie Jones – Marketing, Promoter
* Peter Karroll – Executive Producer
* Kashmere – Featured Artist
* Kannon Kross – Composer
* Jason Levine – Editing, Engineer, Mixing
* Machine Gun Kelly – Featured Artist
* Gertis Lamont McDowell – Composer
* David Michery – Executive Producer
* Greg Miller – Marketing, Promoter
* Adreena Mills – Featured Artist
* Cale Moss – Concept
* Jordon Nuttall – Photography
* Jonathan Rivera – Composer
* J.R. Rotem – Producer
* Colin Rothwell – Assistant Engineer
* Don Salter – Quotation Author
* Phil Schlemmer – Engineer, Sound Effects
* Earl Simmons – Composer
* Jolyon Skinner – Composer
* Dani Stevenson – Featured Artist
* Swizz Beatz – Producer
* Morris J. Tancredi – Composer
* Rachel Taylor – Featured Artist
* Joe Warlick – Editing, Engineer, Mixing
* Barry White – Composer
* Maurice White – Composer
* Jason Whittington – Marketing, Promoter
* Ashley Williams – Vocals

## Charts

Chart performance for *Undisputed*
| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 19 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 2 |

## InfoBox

| Undisputed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by DMX | |
| Released | September 11, 2012 |
| Recorded | November 2009–January 2012 |
| Studio |  |
| Length | 54:41 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| DMX chronology | |
| *The Weigh In*
(2012) ***Undisputed***
(2012) *Exodus*
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Undisputed* | |
| 1. "I Don't Dance"
Released: April 7, 2012 2. "Head Up"
Released: September 4, 2012 | |
|  | |


title: Justo Sierra O'Reilly

abstract: Justo Sierra O'Reilly was a Mexican novelist and historian, the father of Mexican author and political figure Justo Sierra Méndez. Sierra O'Reilly was born in the southeastern Mexican state of Yucatán, his father-in-law Santiago Méndez Ibarra was the governor there in 1847, in the middle of the Mexican–American War and at the outbreak of the Caste War of Yucatán. In September of that year, he went to the United States as a negotiator on behalf of his father-in-law's government, to request U.S. military aid against the Maya rebels, and to offer the possibility of U.S. annexation of Yucatán in exchange. His attempts at diplomacy on behalf of the quasi-independent peninsula went nowhere, and by the time he returned home in 1848, Mexico had lost the northern half of its territory to the U.S. but had also solved its differences with Yucatán, and Sierra O'Reilly found himself with an unemployed father-in-law and no government position for himself. It was then, at the age of 34, that he turned to literature. The chapters of his popular melodramatic novel, La Hija del Judío, a historical novel in the style of Sir Walter Scott about the star-crossed love of the daughter of a Jewish merchant in colonial Mexico, were published in installments in El Fénix, a newspaper that he founded in Campeche. Published years later in book form, the novel sold well all over Latin America. His other works include the pirate novel El Filibustero, the travel journal Impresiones de un viaje a los Estados Unidos de América y al Canadá (1851), and numerous writings on the regional history of Yucatán such as Teogonía de los antiguos indios and Importancia de un Museo de Antigüedades, as well as Spanish translations of John Lloyd Stephens's works on Yucatán. He died in 1861 in Mérida.

text:
# Justo Sierra O'Reilly

**Justo Sierra O'Reilly** (Tixcacal-Tuyú; 1814–1861) was a Mexican novelist and historian, the father of Mexican author and political figure Justo Sierra Méndez. Sierra O'Reilly was born in the southeastern Mexican state of Yucatán, his father-in-law Santiago Méndez Ibarra was the governor there in 1847, in the middle of the Mexican–American War (in which the state of Yucatán declared its neutrality) and at the outbreak of the Caste War of Yucatán. In September of that year, he went to the United States as a negotiator on behalf of his father-in-law's government, to request U.S. military aid against the Maya rebels (who seemed, at that moment, poised to take over the peninsula), and to offer the possibility of U.S. annexation of Yucatán in exchange. His attempts at diplomacy on behalf of the quasi-independent peninsula went nowhere, and by the time he returned home in 1848, Mexico had lost the northern half of its territory to the U.S. but had also solved its differences with Yucatán, and Sierra O'Reilly found himself with an unemployed father-in-law and no government position for himself. It was then, at the age of 34, that he turned to literature. The chapters of his popular melodramatic novel, *La Hija del Judío,* a historical novel in the style of Sir Walter Scott about the star-crossed love of the daughter of a Jewish merchant in colonial Mexico, were published in installments in *El Fénix,* a newspaper that he founded in Campeche. Published years later in book form, the novel sold well all over Latin America. His other works include the pirate novel *El Filibustero*, the travel journal *Impresiones de un viaje a los Estados Unidos de América y al Canadá* (1851), and numerous writings on the regional history of Yucatán such as *Teogonía de los antiguos indios* and *Importancia de un Museo de Antigüedades*, as well as Spanish translations of John Lloyd Stephens's works on Yucatán. He died in 1861 in Mérida.

## Sources

* Breve historia de Campeche by Carlos Justo Sierra
* "Un James Bond Novohispano" from *Revista Conciencia Online*, Año 2, Número 7, noviembre de 2001


title: Vittorio Cuniberti

abstract: Vittorio Emilio Cuniberti (1854–1913) was an Italian military officer and naval engineer who envisioned the concept of the all big gun battleship, best exemplified by HMS Dreadnought.

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# Vittorio Cuniberti

**Vittorio Emilio Cuniberti** (1854–1913) was an Italian military officer and naval engineer who envisioned the concept of the all big gun battleship, best exemplified by HMS *Dreadnought*.

## Life and career

Born in Turin, he joined the Genio Navale (the corps of the Regia Marina dedicated to shipbuilding) in 1878, and rose through the ranks until he became Major general in 1910. A collaborator of Italian admiral, naval engineer and politician Benedetto Brin, in 1899 he designed the *Regina Elena*-class battleships. He died in Rome.

## Cuniberti's article

Cuniberti is best known for an article he wrote for *Jane's Fighting Ships* in 1903, advocating a concept known as the "all-big-gun" fighting ship.

Up till then, the navies of the world built ships with a mixture of large and medium calibre guns. There was constant experimentation with calibres and layout.

The ship Cuniberti envisaged would be a "colossus" of the seas. His main idea was that this ship would carry only one calibre of gun, the biggest available, at the time 12 inch.

This heavily armoured colossus would be impervious to all but the 12-inch (305 mm) guns of the enemy. Cuniberti saw the enemy's small calibre guns as having no effect on his design. Cuniberti's "ideal ship" had twelve large calibre guns, and would have a significant advantage over the (usual) four of the enemy ship.

His ship would be fast, so that she could choose her point of attack.

Cuniberti saw this ship able to discharge such a heavy broadside, all of one large calibre, that she would engulf first one enemy ship, then move on to the next, and the next, disdainfully destroying an entire enemy fleet. He conjectured that the effect of a squadron of, say, six "colossi" would give a fleet such overwhelming power as to deter all possible opponents.

Naturally, there was a cost for such a ship. Part of Cuniberti's contention was that this colossus was available only to a "navy at the same time most potent and very rich".

Cuniberti proposed a design based on his ideas to the Italian government. The Italian government declined for budgetary reasons, but gave Cuniberti permission to write the article for *Jane's Fighting Ships*.

Cuniberti's article was published before the Battle of Tsushima, which vindicated his ideas. There, the real damage was inflicted by the large calibre guns of the Japanese fleet.

## Dreadnoughts

The political atmosphere in Britain at the time was explosive. For the first time since Trafalgar, there was a serious challenge to the Royal Navy. A short distance across the North Sea, the German Navy was building a powerful fleet, behind which lay the overwhelming power of the German Army. In comparison, Britain's sea shield was manned by the numerically outnumbered British Army.

The challenge to was serious. Admiral Sir John Fisher, Royal Navy, followed Cuniberti's theories which resulted in the revolutionary HMS *Dreadnought*. The ship was completed in a year and day and was launched in 1906. *Dreadnought*'s speed was ensured by using the revolutionary Parsons' turbines.

Immediately this ship defined the era. It rendered all previous battleships obsolete, because ship to ship *Dreadnought* would sink them. Thereafter all battleships following its design would be referred to, generically, as "dreadnoughts".

### Convergence

Jacky Fisher never gave any credit to Cuniberti, or to any foreigner, although he surely knew Cuniberti's theories. Most navies were converging towards the "all big guns battleship": the Americans were publishing articles about potential designs and the General Board was reviewing several options, but USS *South Carolina* and USS *Michigan* were not authorized until March 1905 (and then as repeat Connecticuts), and neither were laid down until December 1906. Neither were the Japanese building the *Satsuma* class, which wasn't ordered until 1904 and laid down in 1905 and 1906.

### Cuniberti's influence on Russian dreadnoughts

After the launch of the Royal Navy's *Dreadnought*, Russia, along with all other major naval nations, saw its fleet of battleships rendered obsolete overnight. In Russia's case this was exacerbated by the losses suffered in the Russo-Japanese War. The Imperial Russian Navy was short of battleships.

The *Gangut*-class battleships were ordered. After a convoluted bidding process they were eventually built in Russia, with "technical assistance and supervision" by John Brown and Co., "but the influence of Cuniberti was evident".


abstract: The Military ranks of the Bulgarian People's Army were the military insignia used by the Bulgarian People's Army. Being a Marxist–Leninist one–party socialist republic, and a country that was traditionally close to the Soviet Union, the Bulgaria People's Army shared a similar design of insignia to those of the Soviet Union.

text:
# Military ranks of the Bulgarian People's Army

The **Military ranks of the Bulgarian People's Army** were the military insignia used by the Bulgarian People's Army. Being a Marxist–Leninist one–party socialist republic, and a country that was traditionally close to the Soviet Union, the Bulgaria People's Army shared a similar design of insignia to those of the Soviet Union.

## Commissioned officer ranks

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

| Rank group | General / flag officers | | | | | | | | | | Senior officers | | | | | | Junior officers | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| **Bulgarian Land Forces** |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| | | Армейски генерал
*Armeĭski general* | | Генерал-лейтенант
*General-leytenant* | | Генерал-майор
*General-mayor* | | Бригаден генерал
*Brigaden general* | | Полковник
*Polkovnik* | | Подполковник
*Podpolkovnik* | | Майор
*Mayor* | | Капитан
*Kapitan* | | Старши лейтенант
*Starshi leĭtenant* | | Лейтенант
*Leĭtenant* | | Младши лейтенант
*Mladshi leĭtenant* | |
| **Bulgarian Navy** |  | | | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| | | Адмирал
*Admiral* | | Вицеадмирал
*Vitseadmiral* | | Контраадмирал
*Kontraadmiral* | | Капитан I ранг
*Kapitan I rang* | | Капитан II ранг
*Kapitan II rang* | | Капитан III ранг
*Kapitan III rang* | | Капитан-лейтенант
*Kapitan-leytenant* | | Старши лейтенант
*Starshi leĭtenant* | | Лейтенант
*Leytenant* | | Младши лейтенант
*Mladshi leĭtenant* | |
| **Bulgarian Air Force** |  | | | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| | | Генерал-лейтенант
*General-leytenant* | | Генерал-майор
*General-mayor* | | Бригаден генерал
*Brigaden general* | | Полковник
*Polkovnik* | | Подполковник
*Podpolkovnik* | | Майор
*Mayor* | | Капитан
*Kapitan* | | Старши лейтенант
*Starshi leĭtenant* | | Лейтенант
*Leĭtenant* | | Младши лейтенант
*Mladshi leĭtenant* | |
| Rank group | General / flag officers | | | | | | | | | | Senior officers | | | | | | Junior officers | | | | | | | |
|

## Other ranks

The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

| Rank group | Senior NCOs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Junior NCOs | | | | | | Enlisted | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| **Bulgarian Land Forces** |  | | | | | |  | |  | |  | | | | | |  | | | | | |  | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Старшина
*Starshyna* | | Старши сержант
*Starshi serzhant* | | Сержант
*Serzhant* | | | | | | Младши сержант
*Mladshi serzhant* | | | | | | Ефрейтор
*Efreytor* | | | | Редник
*Rednik* | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **Bulgarian Air Force** |  | | | | | |  | |  | |  | | | | | |  | | | | | |  | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Старшина
*Starshyna* | | Старши сержант
*Starshi serzhant* | | Сержант
*Serzhant* | | | | | | Младши сержант
*Mladshi serzhant* | | | | | | Ефрейтор
*Efreytor* | | | | Редник
*Rednik* | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Junior NCOs | | | | | | Enlisted | | | | | | | |

Citations Bibliography * Holmes, Richard (1979). "Bulgaria". In Keegan, John (ed.). *World armies*. Sandhurst: Royal Military Academy. p. 100. ISBN 9780871964076. LCCN 79-9217. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
* Soper, Karl Wheeler (1993). "National Security". In Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.). *Bulgaria: a country study*. Area Handbook (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. LCCN 93010955. Retrieved 21 April 2022.


title: Hajdúhadház

abstract: Hajdúhadház is a town in Hajdú-Bihar county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.

text:
# Hajdúhadház

**Hajdúhadház** is a town in Hajdú-Bihar county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 87.81 km2 (34 sq mi) and has a population of 12,724 people (2015).

## Twin towns – sister cities

Hajdúhadház is twinned with:

47°41′N 21°40′E / 47.683°N 21.667°E / 47.683; 21.667

## InfoBox

| Hajdúhadház | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| Hajdúhadház | |
| Coordinates: 47°41′N 21°40′E / 47.683°N 21.667°E / 47.683; 21.667 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| County | Hajdú-Bihar |
| District | Hajdúhadház |
| Area | |
| Total | 87.81 km2 (33.90 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 151 m (495 ft) |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 12,724 |
| Density | 144.9/km2 (375/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4242 |
| Area code | (+36) 52 |
| Website | www.hajduhadhaz.hu |


title: Hajdú-Bihar County Assembly

abstract: The Hajdú-Bihar County Assembly is the local legislative body of Hajdú-Bihar County in Hungary. After the elections in 2019, it consists 24 councillors, and is controlled by the Fidesz which has 16 councillors, versus 3 Jobbik, 2 Democratic Coalition, 2 Momentum Movement and 1 Hungarian Socialist Party councillors.

text:
# Hajdú-Bihar County Assembly

The **Hajdú-Bihar County Assembly** is the local legislative body of Hajdú-Bihar County in Hungary. After the elections in 2019, it consists 24 councillors, and is controlled by the Fidesz which has 16 councillors, versus 3 Jobbik, 2 Democratic Coalition, 2 Momentum Movement and 1 Hungarian Socialist Party councillors.

## InfoBox

| Hajdú-Bihar County Council | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | |
| Type | County Council |
| Leadership | |
| President of the Council | Zoltán Pajna, Fidesz
since 13 October 2019 |
| Vice-presidents of the Council | László Bulcsu, Sándor Tasi
since 13 October 2019 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 24 councillors |
|  | |
| Political groups | Administration   Fidesz (16) Other parties   Jobbik (3)   Democratic Coalition (2)   Momentum (2)   MSZP (1) |
| Length of term | 5 years |
| Elections | |
| Last election | 2019 Hungarian local elections |
| Website | |
| www.hbmo.hu/KepviseloTablo.aspx | |


title: Ladd's bands

abstract: Ladd's bands, sometimes called bands of Ladd, are fibrous stalks of peritoneal tissue that attach the cecum to the retroperitoneum in the right lower quadrant (RLQ). Obstructing Ladd's Bands are associated with malrotation of the intestine, a developmental disorder in which the cecum is found in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), instead of its normal anatomical position in the RLQ. Ladd's bands then pass over the second part of the duodenum, causing extrinsic compression and obstruction. This clinically manifests as poor feeding and bilious vomiting in neonates. Screening can be performed with an upper GI series. The most severe complication of malrotation is midgut volvulus, in which the mesenteric base twists around the superior mesenteric artery, compromising intestinal perfusion, leading to bowel necrosis. A surgical operation called a "Ladd procedure" is performed to alleviate intestinal malrotation. The procedure involves counterclockwise detorsion of the bowel, surgical division of Ladd's bands, widening of the small intestine's mesentery, performing an appendectomy, and reorientation of the small bowel on the right and the cecum and colon on the left. Most Ladd surgical repairs take place in infancy or childhood. Ladd's bands and the Ladd procedure are named after American pediatric surgeon William Edwards Ladd (1880–1967).

text:
# Ladd's bands

**Ladd's bands**, sometimes called **bands of Ladd,** are fibrous stalks of peritoneal tissue that attach the cecum to the retroperitoneum in the right lower quadrant (RLQ). Obstructing Ladd's Bands are associated with malrotation of the intestine, a developmental disorder in which the cecum is found in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), instead of its normal anatomical position in the RLQ. Ladd's bands then pass over the second part of the duodenum, causing extrinsic compression and obstruction. This clinically manifests as poor feeding and bilious vomiting in neonates. Screening can be performed with an upper GI series. The most severe complication of malrotation is midgut volvulus, in which the mesenteric base twists around the superior mesenteric artery, compromising intestinal perfusion, leading to bowel necrosis.

A surgical operation called a "Ladd procedure" is performed to alleviate intestinal malrotation. The procedure involves counterclockwise detorsion of the bowel, surgical division of Ladd's bands (shown in image), widening of the small intestine's mesentery, performing an appendectomy, and reorientation of the small bowel on the right and the cecum and colon on the left (the appendectomy is performed so as not to be confused by atypical presentation of appendicitis at a later date). Most Ladd surgical repairs take place in infancy or childhood.

Ladd's bands and the Ladd procedure are named after American pediatric surgeon William Edwards Ladd (1880–1967).