title: Jason Kothari

abstract: Jason Kothari is an entrepreneur and business leader, known as a turnaround expert. He is the former CEO of Housing.com and FreeCharge. Previously, Kothari was the Chief Strategy and Investment Officer at Snapdeal. He started his career as the co-founder and CEO of Valiant Entertainment, a superhero entertainment company in the US. He acquired the bankrupt superhero entertainment company while a college student at Wharton and later sold it for $100 million to Hollywood and China-based DMG Entertainment.

text:
# Jason Kothari

**Jason Kothari** is an entrepreneur and business leader, known as a turnaround expert. He is the former CEO of Housing.com and FreeCharge. Previously, Kothari was the Chief Strategy and Investment Officer at Snapdeal. He started his career as the co-founder and CEO of Valiant Entertainment, a superhero entertainment company in the US. He acquired the bankrupt superhero entertainment company while a college student at Wharton and later sold it for $100 million to Hollywood and China-based DMG Entertainment.

## Career

Born in Hong Kong, Kothari spent his early childhood and teenage years there. At 15 years old, he had his first job at Media Asia Films in Hong Kong where he was an assistant to actor Jackie Chan.

Kothari moved to the U.S. to pursue further education. While a college student at The Wharton School, Kothari acquired the bankrupt superhero entertainment company – Valiant Entertainment. The company became the third largest superhero entertainment company after Marvel and DC Comics, was named Publisher of the Year and went on to sign a five-movie partnership with Sony Pictures. Valiant Entertainment was later sold for $100 million to Hollywood and China-based DMG Entertainment.

Kothari moved to India in 2015, becoming the CEO of Housing.com, a Softbank-backed online real estate company. At Housing.com, he led the turnaround of the company by enabling 400% growth in revenue and 70% reduction in costs. Kothari led the merger of Housing.com with News Corp's PropTiger to create the US$350 million industry leader.

Subsequently, he joined another Softbank–backed company Snapdeal as the Chief Strategy & Investment Officer. He was instrumental in transforming the company from a monthly loss of over US$20 million to a profit with his “Snapdeal 2.0” strategy and plan.

During his time at Snapdeal, Kothari was also the CEO of distressed digital payments company, FreeCharge. Kothari led the sale of FreeCharge for $60 million to Axis Bank.

Currently, Kothari is on the Board of Directors of Emaar India, a subsidiary of Dubai-based Emaar Properties, known for developing the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world. Additionally, he has also been a senior advisor to many companies including Softbank, and Noon.com, a Middle East e-commerce company.

In 2019, there were media reports that stated Jason was among the candidates shortlisted by SoftBank for the global CEO position of WeWork, the American office-sharing company.

Sony Pictures released the movie ‘Bloodshot’ starring Vin Diesel, where Kothari is an Executive Producer, worldwide on March 13, 2020. Kothari imagined the story of the Valiant comic book ‘Bloodshot’ as a movie at the age of 12 and years later worked on bringing it to the big screen, including landing the movie deal with Sony Pictures.

In 2020, HarperCollins published ‘Irrationally Passionate: My Turnaround from Rebel to Entrepreneur’ authored by Kothari. Irrationally Passionate is an entrepreneurial memoir that shares his turnaround story and learnings across geographies, industries and companies. The book has garnered 4.42/5 star rating on GoodReads, 4.4/5 on Amazon India and was a critically acclaimed memoir that debuted in the top five books in India.

## InfoBox

| Jason Kothari | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Hong Kong |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania |
| Occupation(s) | Entrepreneur, film producer, author |
| Known for | CEO - Housing.com, FreeCharge & Valiant Entertainment and CSIO- Snapdeal |
| Title | Board Member, Emaar India |


title: Pembroke Dockyard

abstract: Pembroke Dockyard, originally called Pater Yard, is a former Royal Navy Dockyard in Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire, Wales.

text:
# Pembroke Dockyard

**Pembroke Dockyard**, originally called **Pater Yard**, is a former Royal Navy Dockyard in Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire, Wales.

## History

It was founded in 1814, although not formally authorized until the Prince Regent signed the necessary Order in Council on 31 October 1815, and was known as *Pater Yard* until 1817. The Mayor of Pembroke had requested the change "in deference to the town of Pembroke some two miles (3.2 km) distant".

The site selected for the dockyard was greenfield land and the closest accommodations were in Pembroke. Office space was provided by the old frigate *Lapwing* after she was beached. The Royal Marine garrison was housed in the hulked 74-gun ship, HMS *Dragon*, after she was run aground in 1832. Many of the workmen commuted by boat from nearby communities until Pembroke Dock town was built up. In 1860 the dockyard's policing was transferred to the new No. 4 Division of the Metropolitan Police, which remained in that role until the 1920s.

After the end of the First World War, the dockyard was closed by the cash-strapped Admiralty as redundant in 1926. The Royal Air Force, however, built RAF Pembroke Dock on the site during the 1930s to house its flying boats, demolishing many of the existing buildings to make room for the necessary hangars and other facilities.

## Administration of the dockyard

The admiral-superintendent was the Royal Navy officer in command of a larger Naval Dockyard. Portsmouth, Devonport and Chatham all had admiral-superintendents, as did some other dockyards in the United Kingdom and abroad at certain times. The admiral-superintendent usually held the rank of rear-admiral. His deputy was the captain of the dockyard (or captain of the port from 1969).

Some smaller dockyards, such as Sheerness and Pembroke, had a captain-superintendent instead, whose deputy was styled commander of the dockyard. The appointment of a commodore-superintendent was also made from time to time in certain yards.

The appointment of admiral-superintendents (or their junior equivalents) dates from 1832 when the Admiralty took charge of the Royal Dockyards. Prior to this larger dockyards were overseen by a commissioner who represented the Navy Board.

### Resident Commissioner of the Navy, Pater Yard (1830–1832)

Included:

### Captain-Superintendent, Pembroke Dockyard (1857–1906)

Included:

* Captain George Ramsay: July 1857-September 1862
* Captain William Loring: September 1862-March 1866
* Captain Robert Hall: March 1866-March 1871
* Captain William Armytage: February 1871-January 1872
* Captain Richard W. Courtenay: January 1872-March 1875
* Captain Richard Vesey Hamilton: March 1875-October 1877
* Captain George H. Parkin: October 1877-October 1882
* Captain Alfred J. Chatfield: October 1882-January 1886
* Captain Edward Kelly: January 1886-June 1887
* Commodore George Digby Morant: June 1887-January 1889
* Captain Samuel Long: January 1889-August 1891
* Captain Walter Stewart: August 1891-January 1893
* Captain Charles C.Penrose Fitzgerald: January 1893-March 1895
* Captain William H. Hall: March 1895
* Captain Charles J. Balfour: March 1895-October 1896
* Captain Burges Watson: October 1896-October 1899
* Captain Charles J. Barlow: October 1899-October 1902
* Captain Gerald Walter Russell: October 1902-October 1904
* Captain John Denison: October 1904-October 1906

### Rear-Admiral Superintendent, Pembroke Dockyard (1906–1915)

### Captain-Superintendent, Pembroke Dockyard (1915–1926)

* Captain Frederick D. Gilpin Brown: September 1915-April 1918
* Captain John G. Armstrong: April 1918-February 1920
* Captain David Murray Anderson: February 1920-April 1922
* Captain the Hon. Arthur B. S. Dutton: April 1922-July 1924
* Captain Leonard A. B. Donaldson: July 1924 – 1926

## Listed buildings and Scheduled monuments

The site contains 107 listed buildings. One, the Paterchurch Tower is listed at Grade I and eighteen are listed at Grade II\*, including the Defensible Barracks and the Garrison Chapel. The remainder are Grade II. There are three scheduled monuments, two, the Defensible Barracks and the South West Dockyard Tower which are also listed buildings, and the Bomb stores at West end of Fort Road. The list below details those structures graded I or II\*, and the bomb store, the only scheduled monument that is not also listed.

1. Sometimes known as OSGB36, the grid reference is based on the British national grid reference system used by the Ordnance Survey.
* Phillips, Lawrie; Lieutenant Commander (2014). *Pembroke Dockyard and the Old Navy: A Bicentennial History*. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5214-9.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

## InfoBox

| Pembroke Dockyard | |
| --- | --- |
| Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire, Wales | |
| The former Dockyard viewed from the Defensible Barracks | |
| Coordinates | 51°41′43″N 4°57′17″W / 51.6952°N 4.9548°W / 51.6952; -4.9548 |
| Type | Dockyard |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1814 (1814) |
| Fate | Closed 1926 |


title: Pennsylvania Navy

abstract: The Pennsylvania Navy served as the naval force of Pennsylvania during the American Revolution and afterward, until the formation of the United States Navy. The navy's vessels served almost exclusively on the Delaware River, and were active in first defending the approaches to the city of Philadelphia during the British campaign that successfully occupied the city in 1777, and then preventing the Royal Navy from resupplying the occupying army. The Naval Militia would also be reactivated in the late 19th to early 20th century. As under 10 U.S. Code §7851 naval militias form part of the United States organized militia and therefore are considered as such, the Pennsylvania Navy may be in any point in the future reactivated through either the office of the Governor of Pennsylvania and/or by legislative action committed by the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly.

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# Pennsylvania Navy

The **Pennsylvania Navy** (more formally known as the **Pennsylvania State Navy** or in modern terms the **Pennsylvania Naval Militia**) served as the naval force of Pennsylvania during the American Revolution and afterward, until the formation of the United States Navy. The navy's vessels served almost exclusively on the Delaware River, and were active (in conjunction with ships of the Continental Navy) in first defending the approaches to the city of Philadelphia during the British campaign that successfully occupied the city in 1777, and then preventing (at least for a time) the Royal Navy from resupplying the occupying army.

The Naval Militia would also be reactivated in the late 19th to early 20th century.

As under 10 U.S. Code §7851 naval militias form part of the United States organized militia and therefore are considered as such, the Pennsylvania Navy may be in any point in the future reactivated through either the office of the Governor of Pennsylvania and/or by legislative action committed by the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly.

## History

When the American Revolutionary War broke out in early 1775, the colony of Pennsylvania's Committee of Safety decided that the colony's capital and seat of the Second Continental Congress, Philadelphia, would need to be protected against the incursions of British naval vessels on the Delaware River. On July 6, 1775, it authorized the purchase and outfitting of ships for that purpose. Two days later it placed its first order for an armed galley. By October thirteen such boats had been built at a cost of £550 each, and outfitted with a single cannon in the bow. Thomas Read was appointed commodore of the fleet.

The first six were launched by July 19, and another six had been launched by the end of August. Their names were: *Bulldog*, *Burke*, *Camden*, *Congress*, *Dickinson*, *Effingham I*, *Experiment*, *Franklin*, *Hancock*, *Ranger*, and *Warren*.

Additionally, 10 fire rafts were built in late 1775 and early 1776 and placed under the command of Captain John Hazelwood; the *Arnold* and the *Putnam* were built as floating batteries and were manned by Pennsylvania State Marines. In April 1776 the state acquired the *Montgomery*, which Read served as captain of until he received a Continental Navy commission in October 1776.

By the end of August 1776, the Pennsylvania State Navy consisted of 768 men manning 27 vessels, with 21 more smaller vessels on order. These were armed with a four-pounder gun in the bow and were classed as guard boats.

## Administration and command

The navy fell under the broad control of the Committee of Safety, which established subcommittees to manage the navy's operations and acquisitions. When the state established a new constitution, with a Supreme Executive Council as its executive, the navy's administration was assigned to the Council of Safety. In March 1777 the council established a naval board, which had full responsibility for the fleet, with the exception of the issuance of officer commissions, which authority the council retained.

Overall naval command of the fleet was at times contentious. Thomas Read served as its first commodore, but he was replaced on January 13, 1776, by Thomas Caldwell, who only served briefly, resigning due to poor health in March. His replacement, Samuel Davidson, was promoted by the committee ahead of other captains, and almost caused a mutiny. As a result, Davidson was first removed from fleet command, and then eventually dismissed from the navy. Fleet command was then given to Thomas Seymour, but Captain Hazelwood objected to serving under the elderly Seymour. When British operations began to threaten Philadelphia in September 1777, the council dismissed Seymour and gave overall fleet command to Hazelwood.

In September 1778, the state established an admiralty court to adjudicate maritime cases and deal with the distribution of prizes. While no explicit legislation authorizing privateering appears to have been passed, the state did issue more than 400 letters of marque between 1776 and 1782.

## Operations

The navy saw action on May 6, 1776, when they engaged the British ships *Roebuck* and *Liverpool*, forcing them to withdraw to Newcastle, Delaware. The fleet was also active in keeping British troops away from the river's eastern shore when General George Washington retreated across New Jersey following the loss of New York City. Hazelwood was instrumental in preventing Hessian troops from quartering in Burlington, New Jersey, a town sympathetic to the Loyalist cause, by bombarding it when Hessians were spotted there. This forced their commander, Carl von Donop, to quarter his troops much more widely, and may have contributed to Washington's victory at the battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776.

The Pennsylvania State Navy was responsible for defense of the Delaware river when Philadelphia was occupied by British troops led by General Sir William Howe in 1777, as the Royal Navy wanted to control the river to resupply Howe's army. At first the combined Pennsylvania and Continental fleet was successful, repulsing one attempt by the Royal Navy to pass the defenses of Fort Mercer and Fort Mifflin on October 22 and 23, which resulted the destruction of two British warships, HMS *Augusta* and HMS *Merlin*, which were under the command of Admiral Francis Reynolds. The fleet also bombarded von Donop's forces as they attacked Fort Mercer in the Battle of Red Bank, in which the Hessians suffered one of their worst defeats of the war.

In November, the two forts were captured by British troops, and Commodore John Hazelwood's fleet was then forced to withdraw upriver. Unfavorable winds slowed their progress, and four ships (*Montgomery*, *Delaware*, *Arnold*, and *Putnam*) were burned to prevent their capture. In April 1778 most of the fleet was destroyed in advance of expected British operations against it. However, news that the British were going to withdraw from Philadelphia led to its resurrection, and in July Captain Hazelwood reported that the brig *Convention* was ready for action. Its existence as a significant force was limited by the arrival of a French fleet on the North American coast, and in August 1778 the state's assembly voted to sell off most of its remaining ships, keeping only the *Convention* and a few smaller ships.

The smaller ships proved inadequate protection for the trade ships of Pennsylvania's merchants. In response to their petitions, the state authorized the construction of the *General Greene* in March 1779. Under her captain, James Montgomery, she cruised between New York and the Chesapeake Bay, often in conjunction with Continental Navy ships or privateers, and sent a number of prizes to Philadelphia. According to Montgomery, her crew was virtually unmanageable, and she was sold at the end of the 1779 sailing season. Her unusually low sales price aroused suspicions of collusion in the process.

By 1782 the activities of the Royal Navy and Loyalist privateers again spurred Philadelphia's merchants to petition for better naval defenses. This resulted in the commissioning of the *Hyder Ally*, which was outfitted by the merchants, and placed under the command of the Continental Navy's Joshua Barney. After the successful capture of HMS *General Monk*, Barney took over her command, renaming her *Washington*. After a trip to the West Indies, she was sold to the Continental Navy. The *Hyder Ally* continued to patrol without significant success. By February 1783, with peace appearing to near, most of the state's ships had been sold and its sailors dismissed. On April 10, 1783, the Supreme Executive Council ordered the remaining armed vessels to be disposed of.

## Flags

The flags of the Pennsylvania navy were overseen by the Pennsylvania Navy Board. The board reported to the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly's Committee of Safety. In July 1775, the President of the Committee of Safety was Benjamin Franklin. At that time, the committee ordered the construction of gunboats that would eventually need flags as part of their equipment. As late as October 1776, Captain William Richards was still writing to the Committee of Safety to request the design that he could use to order flags for the fleet.

Betsy Ross was one of those hired to make flags for the Pennsylvanian fleet. An entry dated May 29, 1777, in the records of the Pennsylvania Navy Board, includes an order to pay her for her work. It is worded as follows:

> An order on William Webb to Elizabeth
> Ross for fourteen pounds twelve shillings and two
> pence for Making Ships Colours \[etc.\] put into William
> Richards store……………………………………….£14.12.2

The Pennsylvania navy's ship color included (1) an ensign; (2) a long, narrow pennant; and (3) a short, narrow pennant. The ensign was a blue flag with 13 stripes—seven red stripes and six white stripes in the flag's canton (upper-left-hand corner). It was flown from a pole at the rear of the ship. The long pennant had 13 vertical, red-and-white stripes near the mast; the rest was solid red. It flew from the top of the ship's mainmast, the center pole holding the sails. The short pennant was solid red, and flew from the top of the ship's mizzenmast—the pole holding the ship's sails nearest the stern (rear of the ship).

## Later naval militia

In April 1889, the Pennsylvania Naval Militia was reconstituted as the Naval Force of Pennsylvania - one of many organized state naval militias which were the predecessors to the modern day Naval Reserve.

## Citations

*This article includes information collected from the public domain sources* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships *and* Naval Vessel Register*.*


abstract: The Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art (PMSIA), also referred to as the School of Applied Art, was a museum and teaching institution which later split into the Philadelphia Museum of Art and University of the Arts. It was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on February 26, 1876 in response to the Centennial International Exhibition held in Philadelphia that year.

text:
# Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art

**The Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art** (PMSIA), also referred to as the School of Applied Art, was a museum and teaching institution which later split into the Philadelphia Museum of Art and University of the Arts. It was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on February 26, 1876 in response to the Centennial International Exhibition held in Philadelphia that year.

## History and notable features

Classes began during the fall of 1877, and were held in a building at 312 North Broad Street. Shortly thereafter, classes were moved into the old Franklin Institute (now the Philadelphia History Museum) at 15 South 7th Street.

In 1893, PMSIA acquired a complex of buildings at Broad & Pine, vacated by the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb when they moved to Germantown.

In 1964, following a series of name changes, the two institutions split: the museum became the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and the school became the Philadelphia College of Art. After further name changes the school has become the University of the Arts. University of the Arts has retained the property at 320 S. Broad Street.

## Notable people

The first president of PMSIA was Coleman Sellers II (1827–1907). The first principal of the school was Leslie W. Miller (1848–1931), who remained there for forty years, 1880 through 1920.

Notable alumni include Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, Charles Sheeler, Katherine Levin Farrell, Allan Randall Freelon, Samuel Yellin, Irving Penn, the Brothers Quay, Henry Clarence Pitz, Jerry Pinkney, Jayson Musson, Paul F. Keene Jr., Harold Knerr, Norman Carton, Wharton Esherick, Frederick Meyer, Julian Abele, Aliki Brandenberg and Charles Barton Keen.

39°56′46″N 75°09′58″W / 39.946°N 75.166°W / 39.946; -75.166


title: Jaquelin H. Hume

abstract: Jaquelin Holliday "Jack" Hume (1905–1991) was an American businessman and conservative philanthropist. He co-founded Basic American Foods, the world's largest producer of dried onion and garlic, and later dried potatoes, for instant mashed potatoes and boxed potato casseroles. He was a major donor to President Ronald Reagan, and a patron of the arts.

text:
# Jaquelin H. Hume

**Jaquelin Holliday "Jack" Hume** (19051991) was an American businessman and conservative philanthropist. He co-founded Basic American Foods, the world's largest producer of dried onion and garlic, and later dried potatoes, for instant mashed potatoes and boxed potato casseroles. He was a major donor to President Ronald Reagan, and a patron of the arts.

## Biography

### Early life

Jaquelin Holliday Hume was born in 1905 in Harbor Point, Michigan. He had an older brother, William Mansur Hume (1900-1976), with whom he would later pioneer the family dehydration business. Hume grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana and graduated from Princeton University in 1928, where he had been a member of the Charter Club, subsequently receiving an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1930.

### Business career

With his brother, he co-founded the Basic Vegetable Products Company in 1933. The company sold dried onion and garlic as well as dried beans. After it successfully merged with its competitors, it became the world's largest producer of dried onion and garlic. In the 1950s, he founded the American Potato Company. It became the world's largest producer of dried potato products, including instant mashed potatoes. Both companies later became known as Basic American Foods.

On December 8, 1966, he filed the patent named "Process of producing large dehydrated onion pieces": 'US 3607316 A'.

### Philanthropy

He served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center. He also served as Chairman of the San Francisco Museum of Art and Vice Chairman of the Asian Art Foundation.

In 1962, he established the Jaquelin Hume Foundation. Seventeen years later, in 1975, he established the Foundation for Teaching Economics, a non-profit organization which promotes the teaching of economics in elementary and high schools in the United States. He received the George Washington Honor Medal from the Freedoms Foundation near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, a conservative organization, for his philanthropic work to promote free market economics.

He was a staunch supporter of and donor to Ronald Reagan, both in his gubernatorial and presidential campaigns. Indeed, he had known President Reagan as earlier as 1965. He was also "a close friend" of Edwin Meese, who went on to serve as the 75th Attorney General of the United States from 1985 to 1988. Hume established Citizens for America and the served on the Board of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation, two organizations which promoted Reagan's ideas. He also advised President Reagan and helped him choose top advisors in his first Cabinet. A letter from President Reagan to Hume and his wife dated April 27, 1981 has been published in *Reagan: A Life in Letters*. He also raised funds for other conservative Republicans.

He served on the Alumni Council of his alma mater, Princeton University. He received the Alumni Achievement Award from his other alma mater, the Harvard Business School, in 1981. He was a member of the Pacific-Union Club, a gentlemen's club in San Francisco, California.

### Personal life

He was married to Caroline Howard Hume, a philanthropist. They had four children: Patricia Highberg, Carol Tolan, William J. Hume, and George H. Hume. They resided in San Francisco, California.

### Death

He died of a cancer-related stroke in San Francisco on Tuesday, October 1, 1991.

## Legacy

## InfoBox

| Jaquelin H. Hume | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1905
Harbor Point, Michigan, US |
| Died | October 1, 1991
San Francisco, California, US |
| Education | Princeton University
Harvard Business School |
| Occupation(s) | Businessman, philanthropist |
| Political party | Republican Party |
| Spouse | Caroline Howard Hume |
| Children | 4, including William J. Hume and George H. Hume |
| Relatives | Leslie P. Hume (daughter-in-law) |


title: Pem Dorji

abstract: Pem Dorji was an Indian former footballer from Sikkim who played as a defender and represented the India national football team in international tournaments including the 1984 Asian Cup. He also played for the major Calcutta clubs Mohun Bagan, East Bengal, Mohammedan Sporting.

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# Pem Dorji

**Pem Dorji** was an Indian former footballer from Sikkim who played as a defender and represented the India national football team in international tournaments including the 1984 Asian Cup. He also played for the major Calcutta clubs Mohun Bagan, East Bengal, Mohammedan Sporting.

## Early life and career

Born in 1959 in a small hamlet of Ben in South Sikkim to parents Ganesh Kumari Gurung and Gyampu T Chingapa, Pem Dorji completed his education from Scottish University Mission Institute (SUMI) in Kalimpong and later from Pelling Senior Secondary School in West Sikkim. From his early childhood days, Dorji started playing football.

His passion for the game made him the part of the first Sikkimese football team which played at the National Championship at Coimbatore in 1976. The game passaged his entry towards the world of football as a professional player. Dorji played predominantly as a defender and midfielder and scripted many memorable performances during a career which stretched almost for a decade.

## Club career

Dorji started to play for the renowned football club of India, Mohammedan Sporting Kolkata from 1980 and in 1982 in Calcutta Football League and won the league in 1981.

Dorji dawn with colours for various clubs including Mahendra Police Club of Nepal, Kolkata-giants East Bengal Club and Mohun Bagan AC alongside Food Corporation of India.

He was also an important part of the Sikkim football team during their Santosh Trophy campaigns.

## Personal life

Dorji was married to Pushpa Yonzon and the couple have two children Zennyla Bhutia and Marco Bhutia.

Dorji died at a age of 42. He was battling with cancer for long. An incurable disease took his last breath in a nursing home in Calcutta, on 18 October 2001.

## International career

He became the first Sikkimese to captain the India national football team in the Pre-Olympic tournament held in Malaysia. Gradually, Dorji represented India in various International matches. He played at the Chinese Great Wall Cup in 1984, and won the prestigious medal for the country.

He later represented India at the South Asian Football Federation Games and further played the famous AFC Asian Cup at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates in 1988. Dorji represented India in the Jawaharlal Nehru Gold Cup in 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988 alongside Bangladesh President's Gold Cup at Dhaka in 1983, 1984 and 1987.

## Honours

**Mohammedan Sporting**

**Individual**

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

Pem Dorji
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1959-01-01)January 1, 1959 | | |
| Place of birth | Ben, South Sikkim, Kingdom of Sikkim | | |
| Date of death | 18 October 2001(2001-10-18) (aged 42) | | |
| Place of death | Kolkata, West Bengal, India | | |
| Position(s) | Defender / Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1978–1979 | Mahendra Police Club |  |  |
| 1980–1982 | Mohammedan Sporting |  |  |
|  | East Bengal |  |  |
|  | Mohammedan Sporting |  |  |
|  | Mohun Bagan AC |  |  |
|  | Food Corporation of India |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | India |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Penzance Bay

abstract: Penzance Bay is a popular bay located in Tennyson Inlet, New Zealand, within the Marlborough Sounds. Tennyson Inlet is an arm of Pelorus Sound / Te Hoiere. The bay is immediately north of Tuna Bay, which is accessed by the same road.

text:
# Penzance Bay

41°05′14.73″S 173°45′59.26″E / 41.0874250°S 173.7664611°E / -41.0874250; 173.7664611

**Penzance Bay** is a popular bay located in Tennyson Inlet, New Zealand, within the Marlborough Sounds. Tennyson Inlet is an arm of Pelorus Sound / Te Hoiere. The bay is immediately north of Tuna Bay, which is accessed by the same road.

## Attractions

Penzance's beach is of gravel, which is unusual for this area of the Marlborough Sounds. This gives the beach a good reputation for safe and pleasant swimming. The bay contains a boat ramp, a large wharf, and a swimming island. These facilities coupled with ease of access gives the bay a great reputation for boating activities and fishing. There are walking tracks which link many of the adjacent bays together, such as Duncan Bay and Elaine Bay. Penzance is surrounded with native forest, much of it is untouched. The native forest contains large southern beech trees, *Nothofagus* species; along with conifers, as well as perching plants and epiphytes. In early summer, large numbers of the New Zealand ground orchid *Pterostylis banksii* are present along the walking tracks. The Maori name for the orchard is *tutukiwi*, or beak of a kiwi.

## Access

Access to Penzance is gained through Archers Road which is off Tennyson Inlet Road. The turn off is slightly north of Rai Valley. Penzance is located about 1 hour and 15 minutes away from Nelson.

## Settlement

The Penzance settlement is small with very few permanent residents. The settlement is mostly composed of baches or New Zealand holiday homes.


title: Jarratt report

abstract: The Jarratt report was an inquiry into British higher education published in 1985. While delivered during the Thatcher era, it was commissioned by the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals. The report viewed Universities as enterprises not unlike a factory, and in which students were the customer. Concomitantly, academics were viewed less as a self-governing group seeking to expand knowledge and more as shop-floor deliverers of education, subject to performance indicators. Organizational-functions, similarly, were viewed as need dedicated managers, with transfer of these roles from academics to these managers. The adoption of the report led to the abolition of academic tenure. It has been argued that the report thus laid the ground for the increase of managerialism in the academy. In a personal view, Geoffrey Sampson argued that since the report it has become explicit State policy that university staff are paid to help their employers compete against sister institutions, rather than to serve wider ends.

text:
# Jarratt report

The **Jarratt report** was an inquiry into British higher education published in 1985. While delivered during the Thatcher era, it was commissioned by the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals. The report viewed Universities as enterprises not unlike a factory, and in which students were the customer. Concomitantly, academics were viewed less as a self-governing group seeking to expand knowledge and more as shop-floor deliverers of education, subject to performance indicators. Organizational-functions, similarly, were viewed as need dedicated managers, with transfer of these roles from academics to these managers. The adoption of the report led to the abolition of academic tenure. It has been argued that the report thus laid the ground for the increase of managerialism in the academy. In a personal view, Geoffrey Sampson argued that since the report it has become explicit State policy that university staff are paid to help their employers compete against sister institutions, rather than to serve wider ends.


title: People's Movement for Democratic Change

abstract: The People's Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC) is a liberal party in Sierra Leone. It is a breakaway faction of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). It was officially registered on 19 January 2006. The party is led by Charles Margai, the son of Sierra Leone's second prime minister Sir Albert Margai and the nephew of Sir Milton Margai. The PMDC is based in the country's second largest city of Bo.

text:
# People's Movement for Democratic Change

The **People's Movement for Democratic Change** (**PMDC**) is a liberal party in Sierra Leone. It is a breakaway faction of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). It was officially registered on 19 January 2006. The party is led by Charles Margai, the son of Sierra Leone's second prime minister Sir Albert Margai and the nephew of Sir Milton Margai. The PMDC is based in the country's second largest city of Bo.

## 2007 Presidential Election

Margai, as the PMDC's candidate in August 2007 presidential election, received third place, behind Ernest Bai Koroma of the opposition All Peoples Congress (APC) and Solomon Berewa of the SLPP. On August 19, Margai stated his support for Koroma in the second round of the election. On August 20, the PMDC's Karamoh Kabba explained what he said was the reasoning behind the decision: the PMDC sought to "ensure a more representative government, the survival of the PMDC as a political party and the creation of a third formidable political force for smooth running of democracy in Sierra Leone". Furthermore, backing the APC would help to bridge the regional political divide marking Sierra Leone's politics (the SLPP and PMDC draw their main support from the south, while the APC draws its main support from the north), while backing the SLPP would deepen it. He added that the APC had a natural reason to want the PMDC to survive, while the SLPP had a natural reason to want to destroy it.

Margai's support for the APC provoked controversy in the PMDC, with some feeling that his decision was made without properly consulting the party. Margai said on August 24 that the PMDC would campaign together with the APC for the second round.

At the parliamentary election that was held on the same day as the first round of the 2007 presidential elections, the PMDC became the third largest party in Parliament with 10 seats (out of 112). In the 2008 Local Government elections, the PMDC did less well, winning only one Council Chairperson seat (out of 19), and 4% of the council seats. All seats won by the party were in the Southern region, specifically in the Bo, Bonthe, Moyamba and Pujehun districts.

In the 2012 elections the party lost all of its remaining seats.

## 2018 Presidential Election

Margai was a presidential candidate in Sierra Leone's 2018 General Election. He selected veteran educator Isata Dora Bangura to be his running mate.

The campaign struggled to gain traction as many Sierra Leonean's weren't willing to support Margai after he formed a political alliance with Ernest Bai Koroma and the All People's Congress in the 2012 General Election.

The PMDC won 0.4% of the vote and did not get any seats in parliament.

## Electoral history

### Presidential elections

| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First round | | Second round | | |
| 2007 | Charles Margai | 255,499 | 13.89% |  | | **Lost** |
| | 2012 | 28,944 | 1.29% |  | | **Lost** |
| | 2018 | 9,864 | 0.39% |  | | **Lost** |
| | 2023 | 16,012 | 0.57% |  | | **Lost** |

### Parliamentary elections

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | **Position** | Government |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | Charles Margai | 275,435 | 15.39% | 10 / 124 | New | 3rd | Opposition |
| | 2012 | 69,202 | 3.23% | 0 / 124 | 10 | 3rd | Extra-parliamentary |
| | 2018 | 19,053 | 0.77% | 0 / 146 | 0 | 7th | Extra-parliamentary |
| | 2023 | 17,390 | 0.62% | 0 / 149 | 0 | 4th | Extra-parliamentary |

## InfoBox

| People's Movement for Democratic Change | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Charles Margai |
| Founder | Charles Margai |
| Founded | January 19, 2006 |
| Headquarters | 44 Mahei Boima Rd
Bo |
| Ideology | Liberalism |
| Political position | Centre to centre-right |
| Continental affiliation | Africa Liberal Network
Democrat Union of Africa (observer) |
| Colors | Green, Orange |
| Seats in Parliament | 0 / 149 |
| District Council Chairs | 0 / 14 |
|  | |


abstract:
The People's Democratic Movement is a political party in the Turks and Caicos Islands founded by James Alexander George Smith McCartney and Lewis Edwin Astwood III. The party is led by the current opposition leader, Edwin Astwood. According to the PDM's website, the People's Democratic Movement (PDM) is the oldest established political organization in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Founded in October 1975, the PDM was the first party to be elected to head the Government. At the 2003 legislative elections, the party won 7 out of 13 seats. It lost two of these seats at a by-election on 7 August 2003. In the 9 February 2007 elections the party won only 2 out of 15 seats. In July 2012, Oswald Skippings was elected as the leader of the PDM, while Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson defeated Sean Astwood to become the party's first-ever female deputy leader. The party fielded 15 candidates in the 2012 election.
On November 9, 2012 the PDM was defeated by the PNP and Oswald Skippings stepped down as leader.

text:
# People's Democratic Movement (Turks and Caicos Islands)

The **People's Democratic Movement** is a political party in the Turks and Caicos Islands founded by James Alexander George Smith McCartney and Lewis Edwin Astwood III. The party is led by the current opposition leader, Edwin Astwood.

According to the PDM's website, the People's Democratic Movement (PDM) is the oldest established political organization in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Founded in October 1975, the PDM was the first party to be elected to head the Government.

At the 2003 legislative elections, the party won 7 out of 13 seats. It lost two of these seats at a by-election on 7 August 2003. In the 9 February 2007 elections the party won only 2 out of 15 seats.

In July 2012, Oswald Skippings was elected as the leader of the PDM, while Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson defeated Sean Astwood to become the party's first-ever female deputy leader. The party fielded 15 candidates in the 2012 election. On November 9, 2012 the PDM was defeated by the PNP and Oswald Skippings stepped down as leader.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Leader | No. of votes | Share of votes | Seats | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1976 | JAGS McCartney | **956** | **39.8%** | 5 / 11 | Government
(with independents) |
| 1980 | Oswald Skippings | 1,134 | 39.6% | 3 / 11 | Opposition |
| 1984 | Clement Howell | 1,246 | 38.8% | 3 / 11 | Opposition |
| 1988 | Oswald Skippings | **5,495** | **59.7%** | 11 / 13 | Government |
| 1991 | Oswald Skippings | 4,542 | 48.4% | 8 / 13 | Opposition |
| 1995 | Derek Taylor | **2,058** | **49.9%** | 8 / 13 | Government |
| 1999 | Derek Taylor | **2,362** | **52.2%** | 9 / 13 | Government |
| 2003 | Derek Taylor | 2,747 | 50.2% | 6 / 13 | Opposition |
| 2007 | Floyd Seymour | 2,320 | 39.1% | 2 / 15 | Opposition |
| 2012 | Oswald Skippings | 3,164 | 44.8% | 7 / 15 | Opposition |
| 2016 | Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson | **3,169** | **51.2%** | 10 / 15 | Government |
| 2021 | Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson | 2,888 | 44.7% | 1 / 15 | Opposition |

## InfoBox

| People's Democratic Movement | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | PDM |
| Leader | Edwin Astwood |
| Chairperson | Patricia Saunders-Missick |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Ideology | Conservatism
Christian democracy |
| Political position | Centre-right |
| International affiliation | International Democracy Union
Caribbean Democrat Union |
| Colours | Blue
Gold |
| UK affiliation | *none* |
| House of Assembly | 1 / 15 |
| Website | |
| pdm.tc | |
|  | |


title: Jarvis T. Wright

abstract: Jarvis Thomas Wright was an American businessman and hotel keeper. Wright was born in Villenova, Chautauqua County, New York. In 1855, Wright moved to North Bay, Wisconsin and then in 1872 settled in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. He owned a hotel in Sturgeon Bay. He served in the Wisconsin Assembly in 1877 as a Democrat. Wright died in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin.

text:
# Jarvis T. Wright

**Jarvis Thomas Wright** (March 27, 1830  March 22, 1886) was an American businessman and hotel keeper.

Wright was born in Villenova, Chautauqua County, New York. In 1855, Wright moved to North Bay, Wisconsin and then in 1872 settled in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. He owned a hotel in Sturgeon Bay. He served in the Wisconsin Assembly in 1877 as a Democrat. Wright died in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin.


title: Pen Argyl Area High School

abstract: Pen Argyl Area High School is a four-year public high school located in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. It is the only high school in the Pen Argyl Area School District. As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 502 students, according to National Center for Education Statistics data. The school's colors are green and white and its mascot is the Green Knight.

text:
# Pen Argyl Area High School

**Pen Argyl Area High School** is a four-year public high school located in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. It is the only high school in the Pen Argyl Area School District. As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 502 students, according to National Center for Education Statistics data.

The school's colors are green and white and its mascot is the Green Knight.

## Athletics

The school's athletic teams belong to the PIAA's District XI and are a member of the Colonial League.

### PIAA District XI championships

**Football:**
1984, 1986 (Class A)
2001, 2011, 2012 (Class AA)

### Teams

**Boys Sports**

**Girls Sports**

* Basketball - AAA
* Cheer - AAAAAA
* Cross Country - AA
* Field hockey \- A
* Soccer - AA
* Softball \- AAA
* Tennis - AA
* Track and Field - AA

## Rivalry

Pen Argyl has been involved in a long-standing rivalry with Bangor Area High School. The football rivalry between these two teams is arguably the most well-known aspect of this rivalry. The game was initially played on Thanksgiving Day, but this tradition ended in the mid-1970s. It is now the regular season finale for both teams. The two teams first met on the football field in 1920, with 2016 marking the 97th meeting between the Green Knights and the Slaters. Despite a decent size difference between the two schools, Pen Argyl leads the overall series 50-44-4. They have won 16 of the last 18 meetings.

## Athletic facilities

The Green Knights football team has their home games at Alumni Stadium, located on the high school campus. The stadium has a cement-based home section, stretching from goal line to goal line and rising 20 rows above the field. A smaller visitors section was installed on the other side of the field in the early to mid-2000s. The stadium is also known as "The Hill" because it is located on top of a short but steep hill. Alumni Stadium is one of only two football fields in the Colonial League that does not have stadium lights; the other is Wilson Area High School). As a result, home games are played on Saturday afternoons.

Recently, the school refinished and updated their gymnasium floor with a new Green Knight design donated by the class of 2010.

40°52′16″N 75°15′38″W / 40.8710°N 75.2606°W / 40.8710; -75.2606

## InfoBox

| Pen Argyl Area High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 501 West Laurel Avenue
Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Established | 1899 |
| NCES School ID | 421857006439 |
| Principal | Nolan Gerencser |
| Staff | 40.19 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | 9th12th |
| Enrollment | 502 (2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 12.49 |
| Campus type | Suburb: Large |
| Color(s) | Green and White |
| Athletics conference | Colonial League |
| Mascot | Green Knight |
| Rival | Bangor Area High School |
| Publication | The Green Echo |
| Website | www.penargylschooldistrict.org/penargyl/HS/ |


title: Jean-Jacques Cassiman

abstract: Jean-Jacques Cassiman was a Belgian geneticist and professor of human genetics.

text:
# Jean-Jacques Cassiman

**Jean-Jacques Cassiman** (25 April 1943 – 5 August 2022) was a Belgian geneticist and professor of human genetics.

## Education and career

He graduated in 1967 from the Department of Medical Sciences of the Catholic University of Leuven and then did five years research on human genetics at Stanford University in the United States.

From 1976 to 1981 he was associate professor in the Department of Human Genetics in Leuven. In 1981 he became a full professor in the same department and he was head of the laboratory for human mutations and polymorphisms in the Centre for Human Genetics affiliated with the Catholic University of Leuven. In 1998 he became head of the centre.

Jean-Jacques Cassiman has done work in the field of human genetics and DNA research. In 1998 he received the Francqui chair at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) and in 2002 he earned a PhD to Doctor Honoris Causa at the Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

In 1998 Professor Cassiman proved through DNA testing that Karl Wilhelm Naundorff was not a descendant of the Bourbons and certainly not Louis XVII. In 2004 he proved that the heart that had been kept in Paris belonged to Louis XVII.

He was commissioned in 2004 by the French authorities to use DNA testing to detect if the mortal remains of Napoleon Bonaparte in Paris buried there is indeed that of Napoleon.

## Musical avocation

In the first half of the 1960s, he was a singer in the Trio Cassiman that he together with his brother Guido and his sister Emmy formed. The trio played folk music and negro spirituals, and was regularly seen on the Flemish podiums. When Jean-Jacques came to America after his studies, he ended his singing career, and kept his day job.

## Death

He died on 5 August at the age of 79.

## InfoBox

| Jean-Jacques Cassiman | |
| --- | --- |
| Cassiman in 2014 | |
| Born | (1943-04-25)25 April 1943<br>Belgium |
| Died | 5 August 2022(2022-08-05) (aged 79) |
| Occupation(s) | Geneticist and professor |


title: Percival Petrel

abstract: The Percival Q.6 was a 1930s British communications aircraft built by Percival Aircraft Limited at Luton. Originally, the Percival Q.6 was a civil transport but It was used during the Second World War by the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy as a communications and liaison aircraft. It was a twin-engine, low-wing monoplane with a tailwheel undercarriage.

text:
# Percival Petrel

The **Percival Q.6** was a 1930s British communications aircraft built by Percival Aircraft Limited at Luton. Originally, the Percival Q.6 was a civil transport but It was used during the Second World War by the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy as a communications and liaison aircraft. It was a twin-engine, low-wing monoplane with a tailwheel undercarriage.

## Design and development

The Percival Type-Q was Percival's first twin-engine aircraft. It was constructed of wood, with plywood and fabric covering. It had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage, with faired mainwheels, although four of the production machines would be equipped with retractable undercarriage.

Two versions were designed: the **Q.4**, a four-seat executive transport, and the **Q.6**, a six-seat feederliner. The Q.4 was not built. The prototype Q.6, registration *G-AEYE*, first flew on 14 September 1937 at Luton Airport. Production started in 1938, and the first production aircraft, registered *G-AFFD*, was delivered to Sir Philip Sassoon on 2 March 1938.

## Operational history

A small number were exported, including one to the King Ghazi I of Iraq, two to the Lithuanian Ministry of Communications, one to the Australian Civil Aviation Board and two to the Egyptian government in military camouflage. A total of 27 aircraft were built (one prototype and 26 production aircraft).

The Royal Air Force bought seven aircraft for communications duties under Air Ministry Specification 25/38; these were unofficially named **Petrel**. The Egyptian government bought two Q.6s.

In the early months of the Second World War, most of the civil Q.6s were requisitioned for service with the RAF and RN. Two Q.6s of the Lithuanian Air Lines were impressed by the Soviet Air Forces in 1940 and used with Soviet airline Aeroflot on Riga-Velikye Luki or Riga-Moscow lines.

With one exception, all the civilian Q.6s served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. Between 1946 and 1947, four requisitioned Q.6s and three Petrels were sold to civilian buyers. These were operated by small UK airlines, as executive transports and flown by private pilot owners.

## Variants

Q.4 Four-seat civil executive transport, none built. Q.6 Six-seat civil feederliner. Q.6 Mk I Prototype fitted with wings intended for the Q.4 variant, one built. Q.6 Mk II Production variant with fixed landing gear, 12 built. Q.6 Mk III Variant with retractable landing gear. four built and one conversion from Mk II. Q.6 Mk IV Proposed air survey variant, not built. Q.6 Mk V Variant for military communications with a toilet, four passenger seats, nine-built. Petrel Name given to Q.6 Mk V military communications aircraft.

## Operators

### Civilian operators

Australia  France  British India  Iraq * King Ghazi I
* Iraqi State Railways

Lithuania  United Kingdom

The aircraft was also operated by flying clubs, companies and private individuals.

Soviet Union

### Military operators

Egypt  Iraq   United Kingdom

## Survivors

One **Q.6**, the first production registered *G-AFFD*, is still current on the United Kingdom Civil Aircraft Register but with an expired certificate of airworthiness. Currently being stored at Seething Airfield, Norwich, Norfolk. Under restoration to flight condition. This aircraft is believed to be the only remaining example of the aircraft type.

## Specifications (Percival Q.6 Petrel)

*Data from* Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938, The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 2
* **Capacity:** 4-6 passengers
* **Length:** 32 ft 3 in (9.83 m)
* **Wingspan:** 46 ft 8 in (14.22 m)
* **Height:** 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m)
* **Wing area:** 278 sq ft (25.8 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 3,500 lb (1,588 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 5,500 lb (2,495 kg)
* **Powerplant:** 2 × de Havilland Gipsy Six II 6-cylinder air-cooled inverted in-line piston engines, 205 hp (153 kW) each
* **Propellers:** de Havilland Propellers controllable-pitch propellers

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 195 mph (314 km/h, 169 kn) at sea level
* **Cruise speed:** 181 mph (291 km/h, 157 kn) at 7,000 ft (2,134 m) with retractable undercarriage

172 mph (149 kn; 277 km/h) at 7,000 ft (2,134 m) with fixed undercarriage * **Landing speed:** 58 mph (50 kn; 93 km/h) with flaps extended
* **Range:** 700–750 mi (1,130–1,210 km, 610–650 nmi)
* **Endurance:** 4 hours at cruise
* **Service ceiling:** 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
* **Rate of climb:** 1,150 ft/min (5.8 m/s)
* **Absolute ceiling on one engine:** 6,500 ft (1,981 m)
* **Wing loading:** 19.8 lb/sq ft (97 kg/m2)
* **Power/mass:** 0.0746 hp/lb (0.1226 kW/kg)

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

**Related lists**

## Further reading

* Ellis, Ken (2006). *Wrecks & relics* (20th ed.). Hinckley, UK: Midland. ISBN 1-85780-235-7.
* *The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Aircraft*. London: Orbis Publications. 1985.
* Jackson, A. J. (1974). *British civil aircraft 1919-1972 Volume III* (2nd ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 104–106, 515–516. ISBN 978-0-370-10014-2.

## InfoBox

| Q.6 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Six-seat military communications aircraft, four- or six-seat civil feederliner |
| Manufacturer | Percival Aircraft Ltd |
| Designer | Edgar Percival |
| Status | Retired |
| Primary users | Royal Air Force Fleet Air Arm
Lithuania
Egypt |
| Number built | 27 |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1938 |
| First flight | 14 September 1937 |


title: Percival Potter

abstract: Percival George Charles Potter was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1956 to 1959, representing the seat of Subiaco. Potter was born in Hailsham, Sussex, England, to Martha Charlotte and Percival Potter. His family moved to Western Australia when he was a child. Potter left school at the age of 15, and subsequently worked as a clerk and book-keeper. He enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in 1940, and during the war served in the Middle Eastern theatre with the 2/32nd Battalion, including in the Siege of Tobruk. Potter was invalided home in 1942, and returned to his old profession, working for various government departments. He also served as president of the local branch of the Returned Services League (RSL). Potter first ran for parliament at the 1947 state election, but lost to Florence Cardell-Oliver by a large margin. Following Cardell-Oliver's retirement, he recontested Subiaco at the 1956 election, and was narrowly elected. However, Potter's time in parliament was short, as Hugh Guthrie reclaimed the seat for the Liberal Party at the 1959 election. He attempted to regain Subiaco at the 1962 election, but was again defeated by Guthrie. Potter died in Perth in August 1975, aged 69. He had married twice, but had no children by either marriage.

text:
# Percival Potter

**Percival George Charles Potter** (4 September 1906 – 17 August 1975) was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1956 to 1959, representing the seat of Subiaco.

Potter was born in Hailsham, Sussex, England, to Martha Charlotte (née Mayes) and Percival Potter. His family moved to Western Australia when he was a child. Potter left school at the age of 15, and subsequently worked as a clerk and book-keeper. He enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in 1940, and during the war served in the Middle Eastern theatre with the 2/32nd Battalion, including in the Siege of Tobruk. Potter was invalided home in 1942, and returned to his old profession, working for various government departments. He also served as president of the local branch of the Returned Services League (RSL). Potter first ran for parliament at the 1947 state election, but lost to Florence Cardell-Oliver (the incumbent Liberal member) by a large margin. Following Cardell-Oliver's retirement, he recontested Subiaco at the 1956 election, and was narrowly elected. However, Potter's time in parliament was short, as Hugh Guthrie reclaimed the seat for the Liberal Party at the 1959 election. He attempted to regain Subiaco at the 1962 election, but was again defeated by Guthrie. Potter died in Perth in August 1975, aged 69. He had married twice, but had no children by either marriage.

## InfoBox

| Percival Potter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly
of Western Australia | |
| **In office**
7 April 1956  21 March 1959 | |
| Preceded by | Florence Cardell-Oliver |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Guthrie |
| Constituency | Subiaco |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1906-09-04)4 September 1906
Hailsham, Sussex, England |
| Died | 17 August 1975(1975-08-17) (aged 68)
Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia |
| Political party | Labor |
|  | |


title: Jason Loftus

abstract: Jason Loftus is a Canadian documentary filmmaker. He is most noted as the director of the documentary film Eternal Spring, which was selected as Canada's submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards. The CEO of Lofty Sky Entertainment was executive producer of the 2014 documentary film Human Harvest, a Peabody Award recipient for Documentary Programming in 2015 and a Donald Brittain Award nominee at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016. Ask No Questions, his debut film as a director, premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in 2020. With film distribution in 2020 impeded primarily by the COVID-19 pandemic, the film subsequently partnered with the San Francisco DocFest to screen the film in a virtual reality environment. Eternal Spring, an animated documentary created in collaboration with Chinese animator and activist Daxiong, was released in 2022. When it screened at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, it was named the overall winner of the Hot Docs Audience Award for most popular film in the festival, and the first-place winner of the Rogers Audience Award for the most popular Canadian film.

text:
# Jason Loftus

**Jason Loftus** is a Canadian documentary filmmaker. He is most noted as the director of the documentary film *Eternal Spring*, which was selected as Canada's submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards.

The CEO of Lofty Sky Entertainment was executive producer of the 2014 documentary film *Human Harvest*, a Peabody Award recipient for Documentary Programming in 2015 and a Donald Brittain Award nominee at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016.

*Ask No Questions*, his debut film as a director, premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in 2020. With film distribution in 2020 impeded primarily by the COVID-19 pandemic, the film subsequently partnered with the San Francisco DocFest to screen the film in a virtual reality environment.

*Eternal Spring*, an animated documentary created in collaboration with Chinese animator and activist Daxiong, was released in 2022. When it screened at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, it was named the overall winner of the Hot Docs Audience Award for most popular film in the festival, and the first-place winner of the Rogers Audience Award for the most popular Canadian film.


title: Peperomia vana

abstract: Peperomia vana is a species of epiphyte from the genus 'Peperomia'.

text:
# Peperomia vana

***Peperomia vana*** is a species of epiphyte from the genus 'Peperomia'.

## Etymology

The word "*vana*" came from the Latin word "**vānus**", which means empty, pointless, boastful, and deceptive.

## Distribution

Peperomia vana is native to one country, which is Peru. Specimens can be found at a Verbatim elevation of 4593-5577 ft.

## InfoBox

| *Peperomia vana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Piperales |
| Family: | Piperaceae |
| Genus: | *Peperomia* |
| Species: | ***P. vana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Peperomia vana***<br>Trel. | |
|


title: Josip Movčan

abstract:
Josip Movčan was a Croatian forester best known for his long-time involvement with the Plitvice Lakes National Park. Movčan was born in Čakovec. He studied forestry at the University of Sopron in Hungary, Department of Forestry. Later he graduated at the Zagreb University, Department of Forestry. He specialised in exterior design, landscape planning and completed the course with honors. During 33 years he spent working in the Plitvice Lakes National Park he was creating his attitudes towards the key problems in National Park; He carried out the project "modern system of organized visiting". He was constantly putting effort on behalf of creative and active protection. He was intensively involved in international events; twice organised European Conference of National Parks on Plitvice Lakes; three times a member of the Board of European National Parks Federation, a member of the National Parks World Committee. He held a report at the World Congress in Bali which was later issued by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. In 1983 Movčan was elected vice-chairman of the EUROPARC Federation. He stayed at the Plitvice Lakes National Park as the Protection and Planning Manager until 1991 when he was sent into exile and later retired. From 1992 to 1994 he was at NP "Hohe Tauern" in Austria where he was working on the Management Plan. Movčan has received the following international awards:
  - Van-Tienhoven European Award, Bonn 1983
  - Fred M. Packard Award, IUCN / Switzerland 1987
  - Global 500, Rio de Janeiro 1992
  - Primula d'oro /Uomo e Natura/ Napoli, Italia 1995

text:
# Josip Movčan

**Josip Movčan** (February 9, 1924 – June 30, 2016) was a Croatian forester best known for his long-time involvement with the Plitvice Lakes National Park.

Movčan was born in Čakovec. He studied forestry at the University of Sopron in Hungary, Department of Forestry. Later he graduated at the Zagreb University, Department of Forestry. He specialised in exterior design, landscape planning and completed the course with honors.

During 33 years he spent working in the Plitvice Lakes National Park he was creating his attitudes towards the key problems in National Park; He carried out the project "modern system of organized visiting".

He was constantly putting effort on behalf of creative and active protection. He was intensively involved in international events; twice organised European Conference of National Parks on Plitvice Lakes; three times a member of the Board of European National Parks Federation, a member of the National Parks World Committee (CNPPA - IUCN). He held a report at the World Congress in Bali which was later issued by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science.

In 1983 Movčan was elected vice-chairman of the EUROPARC Federation.

He stayed at the Plitvice Lakes National Park as the Protection and Planning Manager until 1991 when he was sent into exile and later retired. From 1992 to 1994 he was at NP "Hohe Tauern" in Austria where he was working on the Management Plan.

Movčan has received the following international awards:


title: Tour of Duty – Concert for the Troops

abstract:
Tour of Duty – Concert for the Troops was a benefit concert held on 21 December 1999 in Dili, East Timor, for the Australian troops serving with the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET). The concert was a special Christmas present to show appreciation and support for the troops stationed in East Timor, away from their families for Christmas. It was held at Dili Stadium in front of 4000 troops from INTERFET countries, and also broadcast in Australia. Some of the troops in the audience held up signs with well wishes for their families back home. Singer-songwriter and musician Doc Neeson initiated the concert, and it was organised by music promoter Glenn Wheatley. Comedy duo Roy and HG were the comperes. Featured acts included John Farnham, Kylie Minogue, Doc Neeson, Gina Jeffreys, James Blundell, The Living End, Dili Allstars and the RMC Band. Neeson participated in the concert despite having been involved earlier in the month in a serious traffic accident in Australia, in which he had suffered severe whiplash and serious nerve damage to his neck and spine. During the concert, he performed a number of The Angels tracks and duets with Farnham, Minogue and The Living End. The concert was supported by the Australian entertainment industry and sponsors, some of which supplied products for inclusion in 'Dili Bags' to be given to attending troops. Donations were also sought from the Australian public, on the basis that money raised from public sponsorship would be donated to CARE Australia to assist with its activities in East Timor. From the concert, an album with the following tracks was produced:
  - "She's So Fine" / "Sorry" - John Farnham and Doc Neeson
  - "Mambo No.5" - R.M.C. Band
  - "Way Out West" - James Blundell
  - "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas" - Gina Jeffreys
  - "Santa Baby" - Kylie Minogue
  - "You'll Never Walk Alone" - John Farnham
  - "Shadow Boxer" - Doc Neeson
  - "No Secrets" - Doc Neeson and Living End
  - "All Torn Down" - The Living End
  - "Jingle Bell Rock" - Kylie Minogue and The Living End
  - "Shout" - John Farnham and Kylie Minogue
  - "Have a Little Faith" - John Farnham
  - "Chain Reaction" - John Farnham
  - "Silent Night" - Rachael Starkey
  - "I Still Call Australia Home" - Everyone
  - "You're the Voice" - Everyone
  - "It's a Long Way to the Top" - Everyone
  - "Take a Long Line" - Everyone The album was released for the first time on 25 April 2024.

text:
# Tour of Duty – Concert for the Troops

**Tour of Duty – Concert for the Troops** was a benefit concert held on 21 December 1999 in Dili, East Timor, for the Australian troops serving with the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET).

The concert was a special Christmas present to show appreciation and support for the troops stationed in East Timor, away from their families for Christmas. It was held at Dili Stadium in front of 4000 troops from INTERFET countries, and also broadcast in Australia. Some of the troops in the audience held up signs with well wishes for their families back home.

Singer-songwriter and musician Doc Neeson initiated the concert, and it was organised by music promoter Glenn Wheatley. Comedy duo Roy and HG were the comperes. Featured acts included John Farnham, Kylie Minogue, Doc Neeson, Gina Jeffreys, James Blundell, The Living End, Dili Allstars and the RMC Band.

Neeson participated in the concert despite having been involved earlier in the month in a serious traffic accident in Australia, in which he had suffered severe whiplash and serious nerve damage to his neck and spine. During the concert, he performed a number of The Angels tracks and duets with Farnham, Minogue and The Living End.

The concert was supported by the Australian entertainment industry and sponsors, some of which supplied products for inclusion in 'Dili Bags' to be given to attending troops. Donations were also sought from the Australian public, on the basis that money raised from public sponsorship would be donated to CARE Australia to assist with its activities in East Timor.

From the concert, an album with the following tracks was produced:

1. "She's So Fine" / "Sorry" - John Farnham and Doc Neeson
2. "Mambo No.5" - R.M.C. Band
3. "Way Out West" - James Blundell
4. "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas" - Gina Jeffreys
5. "Santa Baby" - Kylie Minogue
6. "You'll Never Walk Alone" - John Farnham
7. "Shadow Boxer" - Doc Neeson
8. "No Secrets" - Doc Neeson and Living End
9. "All Torn Down" - The Living End
10. "Jingle Bell Rock" - Kylie Minogue and The Living End
11. "Shout" - John Farnham and Kylie Minogue
12. "Have a Little Faith (In Me)" - John Farnham
13. "Chain Reaction" - John Farnham
14. "Silent Night" - Rachael Starkey (RMC Band)
15. "I Still Call Australia Home" - Everyone
16. "You're the Voice" - Everyone
17. "It's a Long Way to the Top" - Everyone
18. "Take a Long Line" - Everyone

The album was released for the first time on 25 April 2024.

## InfoBox

| Tour of Duty<br>Concert for the Troops | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Pop / Rock / Country |
| Dates | 21 December 1999 |
| Location(s) | National Stadium, Dili, East Timor |
| Coordinates | 8°33′29″S 125°34′50″E / 8.55806°S 125.58056°E / -8.55806; 125.58056 |
| Founders | Doc Neeson |
| Attendance | 4,000 |
| Organised by | Glenn Wheatley |


title: Giorgi Mamaladze

abstract: Giorgi Mamaladze is an Archpriest of the Georgian Orthodox Church, currently serving a nine-year prison sentence for attempted murder. Prior to his arrest in February 2017, he served as deputy head of the Patriarchate’s Property Management Service and director general of the Patriarchate’s medical center.

text:
# Giorgi Mamaladze

**Giorgi Mamaladze** is an Archpriest of the Georgian Orthodox Church, currently serving a nine-year prison sentence for attempted murder.

Prior to his arrest in February 2017, he served as deputy head of the Patriarchate’s Property Management Service and director general of the Patriarchate’s medical center.

## Arrest and conviction

Mamaladze was arrested at Tbilisi International Airport on February 10, 2017, before his departure to Germany. At that time, the Catholicos-Patriarch Illia II was in a Berlin hospital for gallbladder surgery. According to the prosecution, police acted on an anonymous tip and found cyanide on his person and an "unregistered handmade firearm" at his residence. The prosecution did not name the intended victim, the Patriarch's secretary, until March 8.

Mamaladze's trial occurred behind closed doors, and recordings of the plot provided by the prosecution were not released to the public. On September 5, 2017, Mamaladze was found guilty of premeditated attempted murder and sentenced to nine years in prison.

Mamaladze's case has become the topic of infighting among the Patriarchate's hierarchy, with one archbishop (Chkondidi Metropolitan Petre) claiming that Mamaladze was innocent and prosecuted for exposing another archbishop's (Iakobi's) financial mismanagement. A letter obtained by Rustavi 2, purportedly from Mamaladze to the Patriarch, describes extensive corruption, fraud, and illegal alcohol production within the Church. A meeting of the Patriarchate's Holy Synod announced a request to President Salome Zurabishvili for his release in October 2019. Zurabishvili declined, saying there were no grounds for a pardon.

The Spectator cites the case as one of several Georgian judicial decisions "rife with controversy", noting, "A number of Church figures have claimed he was framed, and Mamaladze has maintained his innocence." The Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center published an assessment of the case which "points to serious procedural and substantive violations of law in the case, which, as a whole, constitutes violation of the right to fair trial and reveals the problem of manifestly weak substantiation of the charges in the court judgement."

## InfoBox

| Giorgi Mamaladze | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Georgia |
| Occupation | Archpriest (Georgian Orthodox Church) |


title: Mizunami, Gifu

abstract: Mizunami is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 January 2019, the city had an estimated population of 37,705, and a population density of 220 persons per km⁲. The total area of the city was 174.86 square kilometres (67.51 sq mi). Mizunami's biggest claim to fame came in 1995, when the largest ceramic plate in the world, as recognised by the Guinness Book of Records, was created by the Inatsu Town Planning Association in the city. It measures 2.8 metres in diameter.

text:
# Mizunami, Gifu

**Mizunami** (瑞浪市, *Mizunami-shi*) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 January 2019, the city had an estimated population of 37,705, and a population density of 220 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 174.86 square kilometres (67.51 sq mi). Mizunami's biggest claim to fame came in 1995, when the largest ceramic plate in the world, as recognised by the Guinness Book of Records, was created by the Inatsu Town Planning Association in the city. It measures 2.8 metres in diameter.

## Geography

Mizunami is located in south-eastern Gifu Prefecture. The Kiso River and the Toki River flow through the city.

### Climate

The city has a climate characterized by characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild winters (Köppen climate classification *Cfa*). The average annual temperature in Mizunami is 14.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1928 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.0 °C.

### Neighbouring municipalities

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Mizunami peaked at around the year 2000 and has declined since.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | 38,387 |  |
| 1980 | 40,066 | +4.4% |
| 1990 | 41,006 | +2.3% |
| 2000 | 42,298 | +3.2% |
| 2010 | 40,387 | −4.5% |
| 2020 | 37,150 | −8.0% |

## History

The area around Mizunami was part of traditional Mino Province. During the Edo period, the area was *tenryō* territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate. The Nakasendō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto passed through the area, and Ōkute-juku and Hosokute-juku were located within what are now the city limits. In the post-Meiji restoration cadastral reforms, Toki District in Gifu prefecture was created. The modern city was founded on April 1, 1954 by the merger of Mizunami-Toki Town with the villages of Kamado, Okute, and Hiyoshi.

## Government

Mizunami has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 16 members.

## Education

Mizunami has seven public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and one private combined middle/high school. The city has one public high school operated by the Gifu Prefectural Board of Education and one private high school. Chukyo Gakuin University has a campus in Mizunami.

## Transportation

### Railway

### Highway

## Sister cities

## InfoBox

| Mizunami 瑞浪市 | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Mizunami City Hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Mizunami in Gifu Prefecture | |
| Mizunami | |
| Coordinates: 35°21′42.5″N 137°15′16.2″E / 35.361806°N 137.254500°E / 35.361806; 137.254500 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Chūbu |
| Prefecture | Gifu |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Kōji Mizuno |
| Area | |
| Total | 174.86 km2 (67.51 sq mi) |
| Population (January 1, 2019) | |
| Total | 37,705 |
| Density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| City symbols |  |
| \- Tree | Pine |
| \- Flower | Balloon flower |
| \- Bird | Japanese bush-warbler |
| Phone number | 0572-68-2111 |
| Address | Uedaira-chō 1-1, Mizunami-shi, Gifu-ken 509-6195 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Mojave Road (Los Angeles)

abstract:
The Mojave Road Los Angeles was designated a California Historic Landmark on March 19, 1985. It runs from Drum Barracks in Los Angeles County to the Colorado River in San Bernardino County, California. The Drum Barracks, also known as Camp Drum and the Drum Barracks Civil War Museum, is the last remaining original American Civil War era military facility in the Los Angeles area. Located in the Wilmington section of Los Angeles, near the Port of Los Angeles, it has been designated as a California Historical Landmark, a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1987, it has been operated as a Civil War museum that is open to the public. With the outbreak of the American Civil War in April 1861, there were concerns on the Union side about the loyalty and security of the Los Angeles area. Many of the area's residents were recent arrivals from the Southern states, and southerner John C. Breckinridge received twice as many local votes as Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 Presidential election. A company of secessionists was also holding public drills in El Monte, California, displaying California's Bear flag instead of the Stars and Stripes. The Mojave Road also known as Old Government Road, is a historic route and present day dirt road across what is now the Mojave National Preserve in the Mojave Desert in the United States. This rough road stretched 147 miles (237 km) from Beale's Crossing, to Fork of the Road location along the north bank of the Mojave River where the old Mojave Road split off from the route of the Old Spanish Trail/Mormon Road. A traditional thoroughfare of desert-dwelling Native Americans, the Mohave Trail much later served Spanish missionaries, explorers, and foreign colonizers and settlers from the 18th to 19th centuries who called it the Mojave Trail, and ran between watering holes across the Mojave Desert between the Colorado River and Mojave River then following it to the Cajon Pass, the gap between the San Bernardino Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains, into Southern California ending at Drum Barracks. The watering holes recur at intervals of about 60 miles (97 km) to 70 miles (110 km). Francisco Garcés, the Spanish Franciscan missionary, traveled the trail with Mohave guides, after leaving the expedition of Juan Bautista de Anza in 1776. José María de Zalvidea, the zealous Franciscan administrator of Mission San Gabriel also crossed the trail in 1806, reportedly converting five indigenous Mohaves near present-day Hesperia. Today a four-wheel drive vehicle is required for all but a few short stretches of this desert road, which is unmaintained. The old road from Fork of the Road eastward along the Mojave River is interrupted after 10.9 acres (4.4 ha) by private property, below the site of the old Camp Cady. The road is resumed at an access point from the north in Manix Wash. Under optimal conditions, its full length of 133 miles (214 km) from Beale's Crossing to Manix Wash can be travelled in 2 to 3 days.
In early 1858 the Mohave Trail became the Mojave Road, a wagon road connected to the newly pioneered Beale's Wagon Road across northern New Mexico Territory from Fort Defiance to Beale's Crossing on the Colorado River where it linked up with the Mojave Road. Wagon trains of settlers coming west on the Santa Fe Trail soon followed Beale's Wagon Road and the Mojave Road into Southern California. Beale's road was shorter than the route via the more southern Southern Emigrant Trail and it was cooler in summer, snow-free in winter, had better forage, and was better watered. Soon hostilities began between the Mohave's and the settlers, triggering the Mohave War. From the time of the Mohave War the Mohave Road came under the purview of the U.S. government. Army posts were established at Fort Mojave, at Beale's Crossing in 1859, and, after the Bitter Spring Expedition at Camp Cady, 10.9 miles (17.5 km) east of Fork of the Road at its junction with the Mormon Road, in 1860. Smaller outposts were established later in the 1860s east of Camp Cady along the trail and regular patrols instituted. The army protected the settlers and travelers from the attacks of the resident Paiute, Mojave, and Chemehuevi Native Americans until 1871. This also opened the way for large mining development in the Mojave Desert region of San Bernardino County and agricultural development in the Victor Valley area. In 1826, American trapper Jedediah Smith used the Mojave Road to come to California. In doing so became the first non-Indian to come to California's Pacific Ocean by land from mid-America. Smith and his party of 15 other men left the Bear River on August 7, 1826, and after retrieving the cache he had left earlier headed south through present-day Utah and Nevada to the Colorado River, finding increasingly harsh conditions and difficult travel. Finding shelter in a friendly Mojave village near present-day Needles, California, the men and horses recuperated and Smith hired two runaways from the Spanish missions in California to guide them west. After leaving the river and heading into the Mojave Desert, the guides led them through the desert via the Mohave Trail that would become the western portion of the Old Spanish Trail. Upon reaching the San Bernardino Valley of California, Smith and Abraham LaPlant borrowed horses from a rancher and rode to the San Gabriel Mission on November 27, 1826, to present themselves to its director, Father José Bernardo Sánchez, who received them warmly. Camp Cady was a U.S. Army Camp, on the Mojave River, located about 20 miles east of modern-day Barstow, California in San Bernardino County, at an elevation of 1690 feet. Camp Cady was named after Major Albemarle Cady, 6th Infantry Regiment, who was a friend of Carleton and commander at Fort Yuma in 1860. Camp Cady is on the Mojave Road. Camp Cady is California Historical Landmark 963-1 designated on March 19, 1985.
  - To note this Historic road, the State of California placed a Historic Marker at the end of the road, at Drum Barracks. The marker is at 1053 Cary Street, Wilmington, California, this is at the corner of Cary Ave and Opp street. The Drum Barracks parking lot entrance is at 1052 N. Banning Boulevard, Wilmington, California.

text:
# Mojave Road (Los Angeles)

The **Mojave Road Los Angeles** was designated a California Historic Landmark (No. 963) on March 19, 1985. It runs from Drum Barracks in Los Angeles County to the Colorado River in San Bernardino County, California.

The Drum Barracks, also known as Camp Drum and the Drum Barracks Civil War Museum, is the last remaining original American Civil War era military facility in the Los Angeles area. Located in the Wilmington section of Los Angeles, near the Port of Los Angeles, it has been designated as a California Historical Landmark, a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1987, it has been operated as a Civil War museum that is open to the public. With the outbreak of the American Civil War in April 1861, there were concerns on the Union side about the loyalty and security of the Los Angeles area. Many of the area's residents were recent arrivals from the Southern states, and southerner John C. Breckinridge received twice as many local votes as Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 Presidential election. A company of secessionists was also holding public drills in El Monte, California, displaying California's Bear flag instead of the Stars and Stripes.

The Mojave Road also known as Old Government Road (formerly the Mohave Trail), is a historic route and present day dirt road across what is now the Mojave National Preserve in the Mojave Desert in the United States. This rough road stretched 147 miles (237 km) from Beale's Crossing (the river crossing site on the west bank of the Colorado River, opposite old Fort Mohave, roughly 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Bullhead City, Arizona), to Fork of the Road location along the north bank of the Mojave River where the old Mojave Road split off from the route of the Old Spanish Trail/Mormon Road.

A traditional thoroughfare of desert-dwelling Native Americans, the Mohave Trail much later served Spanish missionaries, explorers, and foreign colonizers and settlers from the 18th to 19th centuries who called it the Mojave Trail, and ran between watering holes across the Mojave Desert between the Colorado River and Mojave River then following it to the Cajon Pass, the gap between the San Bernardino Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains, into Southern California ending at Drum Barracks. The watering holes recur at intervals of about 60 miles (97 km) to 70 miles (110 km).

Francisco Garcés, the Spanish Franciscan missionary, traveled the trail with Mohave guides, after leaving the expedition of Juan Bautista de Anza in 1776. José María de Zalvidea, the zealous Franciscan administrator of Mission San Gabriel also crossed the trail in 1806, reportedly converting five indigenous Mohaves near present-day Hesperia.

Today a four-wheel drive vehicle is required for all but a few short stretches of this desert road, which is unmaintained. The old road from Fork of the Road eastward along the Mojave River is interrupted after 10.9 acres (4.4 ha) by private property, below the site of the old Camp Cady (on the north bank of the Mojave River, roughly 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Newberry Springs, California). The road is resumed at an access point from the north in Manix Wash. Under optimal conditions, its full length of 133 miles (214 km) from Beale's Crossing to Manix Wash can be travelled in 2 to 3 days. In early 1858 the Mohave Trail became the Mojave Road, a wagon road connected to the newly pioneered Beale's Wagon Road across northern New Mexico Territory from Fort Defiance to Beale's Crossing on the Colorado River where it linked up with the Mojave Road. Wagon trains of settlers coming west on the Santa Fe Trail soon followed Beale's Wagon Road and the Mojave Road into Southern California. Beale's road was shorter than the route via the more southern Southern Emigrant Trail and it was cooler in summer, snow-free in winter, had better forage, and was better watered. Soon hostilities began between the Mohave's and the settlers, triggering the Mohave War.

From the time of the Mohave War the Mohave Road came under the purview of the U.S. government. Army posts were established at Fort Mojave, at Beale's Crossing in 1859, and, after the Bitter Spring Expedition at Camp Cady, 10.9 miles (17.5 km) east of Fork of the Road at its junction with the Mormon Road, in 1860. Smaller outposts were established later in the 1860s east of Camp Cady along the trail and regular patrols instituted. The army protected the settlers and travelers from the attacks of the resident Paiute, Mojave, and Chemehuevi Native Americans until 1871. This also opened the way for large mining development in the Mojave Desert region of San Bernardino County and agricultural development in the Victor Valley area.

In 1826, American trapper Jedediah Smith used the Mojave Road to come to California. In doing so became the first non-Indian to come to California's Pacific Ocean by land from mid-America. Smith and his party of 15 other men left the Bear River on August 7, 1826, and after retrieving the cache he had left earlier headed south through present-day Utah and Nevada to the Colorado River, finding increasingly harsh conditions and difficult travel. Finding shelter in a friendly Mojave village near present-day Needles, California, the men and horses recuperated and Smith hired two runaways from the Spanish missions in California to guide them west. After leaving the river and heading into the Mojave Desert, the guides led them through the desert via the Mohave Trail that would become the western portion of the Old Spanish Trail. Upon reaching the San Bernardino Valley of California, Smith and Abraham LaPlant (who spoke some Spanish) borrowed horses from a rancher and rode to the San Gabriel Mission on November 27, 1826, to present themselves to its director, Father José Bernardo Sánchez, who received them warmly.

Camp Cady (1860–1861, 1866–1871) was a U.S. Army Camp, on the Mojave River, located about 20 miles east of modern-day Barstow, California in San Bernardino County, at an elevation of 1690 feet. Camp Cady was named after Major Albemarle Cady, 6th Infantry Regiment, who was a friend of Carleton and commander at Fort Yuma in 1860. Camp Cady is on the Mojave Road. Camp Cady is California Historical Landmark 963-1 designated on March 19, 1985.

* To note this Historic road, the State of California placed a Historic Marker at the end of the road, at Drum Barracks. The marker is at 1053 Cary Street, Wilmington, California, this is at the corner of Cary Ave and Opp street. The Drum Barracks parking lot entrance is at 1052 N. Banning Boulevard, Wilmington, California.

## California Historical Landmark Marker

California Historical Landmark Marker NO. 963 near the Drum Barracks site reads:

* *NO. 963 THE MOJAVE ROAD – Long ago, Mohave Indians used a network of pathways to cross the Mojave Desert. In 1826, American trapper Jedediah Smith used their paths and became the first non-Indian to reach the California coast overland from mid-America. The paths were worked into a military wagon road in 1859. This "Mojave Road" remained a major link between Los Angeles and points east until a railway crossed the desert in 1885.*

California Historical Landmark Marker for Camp Cady #963-1 at the Camp Cady Mojave Desert site reads:

* *NO. 963-1 Camp Cady was located on the Mojave Road which connected Los Angeles to Albuquerque. Non-Indian travel on this and the nearby Salt Lake Road was beset by Paiutes, Mohaves, and Chemehuevis defending their homeland. To protect both roads, Camp Cady was established by U.S. Dragoons in 1860. The main building was a stout mud redoubt. Improved camp structures were built 1/2 mile west in 1868. After peace was achieved, the military withdrew in 1871. This protection provided by Camp Cady enabled travelers, merchandise, and mail using both roads to boost California's economy and growth.*

1. Harrison Rogers remembered Sánchez fondly in his journal.

## InfoBox

| Mojave Road Los Angeles | |
| --- | --- |
| Officers' quarters of Drum Barracks, the west end of the Mojave Road Los Angeles | |
| Location | Wilmington, California to the Colorado River. |
| Coordinates | 33°47′05″N 118°15′29″W / 33.784666°N 118.258163°W / 33.784666; -118.258163 |
| Built | Prehistory |
|  | |
| California Historical Landmark | |
| Designated | March 19, 1985 |
| Reference no. | 963 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Mojave Road Los Angeles in the Los Angeles metropolitan area | |


title: Francis Eyre

abstract: Francis Eyre (1722–1797) was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1784.

text:
# Francis Eyre

**Francis Eyre** (1722–1797) was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1784.

## Early years

Eyre was the only surviving son of Francis Eyre, a shoemaker of Truro, and his wife Elizabeth Pascoe.and was baptized on. 28 June 1722. He was articled to an attorney at Truro in 1737 and qualified in 1744. He moved to London where he dealt with cases relating to trade and plantations and included Benjamin Franklin among his clients. He became part owner of several ships and ran privateers during the Seven Years' War. With the profits, he invested in estates in Gloucester and Dorset at home and overseas in Jamaica. He married Sarah Prescott,

## Political career

Eyre was seeking a seat in parliament and in the mid 1760s became involved in a complicated and costly situation at Morpeth. The Carlisle interest was restricting the creation of freemen to protect their control of the borough. The corporation of Morpeth invited Eyre to oppose the Carlisle interest and he instituted legal proceedings at his own expense to address this. At the 1768 general election a compromise was reached, which allowed Eyre to be returned with the Carlisle candidate Peter Beckford. However at the last minute Sir Matthew White Ridley put himself forward and with Beckford was declared elected. After petitioning unsuccessfully, Eyre started to prepare for the next election. At the 1774 general election Carlisle's candidates were declared elected but the returning officer was intimidated by Eyre's supporters and agreed to return Eyre as Member of Parliament instead of Hon. William Byron. On 27 January 1775 Eyre was unseated. Although Byron died in June 1776 Eyre received little encouragement from the corporation and was getting into financial difficulties so he withdrew from the contest. He was involved in litigation regarding his West Indian estates and was forced to sell his Gloucestershire estate at Colesbourne. From 1777 Eyre was a frequent defendant in pleas of debts, and was imprisoned in the Marshalsea prison for debt in 1777 and 1778.

Prior to the general election of 1780 Eyre heard that Charles Anderson Pelham, patron of Great Grimsby was undecided on his candidate, so he rode to Grimsby and obtained Pelham's support. He was returned unopposed as MP for Great Grimsby at the 1780 general election. He did not stand again in 1784.

## Last years

Eyre eventually sold all his estates as his fortunes declined. He died on 13 March 1797.