title: Meatmaster

abstract: The Meatmaster is a breed of domestic sheep native to South Africa. Bred in the early 1990s from various hair sheep breeds, the Meatmaster was created with the goal of improving the meat characteristics of African fat-tailed sheep breeds. The fat-tailed sheep had various advantageous characteristics such as hardiness and suitability for desert life, but was slow to mature, had a poor distribution of fat and lacked the muscling of the hind quarters of European breeds. The composite breed increased the amount of muscle and had a better distribution of fat but retained the hair coat and other desirable traits such as resistance to tick-borne diseases and a good flocking instinct. The new breed was tested, and demand was established, before the breed register was set up around the year 2000. The breed was registered in 2007 and a breed society was set up the following year. Today, Meatmaster bloodlines may be a composite of any number of breeds, such as Van Rooy or South African Meat Merino, but must contain Damara breeding. Meatmasters are fat-tailed hair sheep, come in a diverse array of colors, and may be either horned or polled. The focus in breeding is mostly on meat production, but they are also very hardy and with good mothering instincts. Rams weigh from 85 to 105 kilograms and ewes 60-70 kg. They are now found in all nine provinces of South Africa and are especially valued in the northern bush veld areas. Meatmasters have been exported to Namibia, Australia, and Canada.

text:
# Meatmaster

The **Meatmaster** is a breed of domestic sheep native to South Africa. Bred in the early 1990s from various hair sheep breeds, the Meatmaster was created with the goal of improving the meat characteristics of African fat-tailed sheep breeds. The fat-tailed sheep had various advantageous characteristics such as hardiness and suitability for desert life, but was slow to mature, had a poor distribution of fat and lacked the muscling of the hind quarters of European breeds. The composite breed increased the amount of muscle and had a better distribution of fat but retained the hair (rather than wool) coat and other desirable traits such as resistance to tick-borne diseases and a good flocking instinct.

The new breed was tested, and demand was established, before the breed register was set up around the year 2000. The breed was registered in 2007 and a breed society was set up the following year. Today, Meatmaster bloodlines may be a composite of any number of breeds, such as Van Rooy or South African Meat Merino, but must contain Damara breeding.

Meatmasters are fat-tailed hair sheep (meaning they lack wool which requires shearing), come in a diverse array of colors, and may be either horned or polled. The focus in breeding is mostly on meat production, but they are also very hardy and with good mothering instincts (inherited from their Damara breeding). Rams weigh from 85 to 105 kilograms and ewes 60-70 kg. They are now found in all nine provinces of South Africa and are especially valued in the northern bush veld areas. Meatmasters have been exported to Namibia, Australia, and Canada.

## InfoBox

Meatmaster
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | South Africa |
| Use | meat |
| Traits | |
| Weight | * Male: 85–105 kg * Female: 60–70 kg |
| Wool color | various |
| Horn status | horned or hornless |
| Notes | |
| hair sheep | |
|  | |


title: Timewalk

abstract: The Timewalk was an exhibition and visitor attraction located in Brewers Quay, Weymouth, Dorset. It opened in 1990 and closed in 2010. One of Weymouth's most popular attractions, Timewalk took visitors on a journey covering the town's history and maritime connections from the 14th century onwards. It was told by the brewery cat, Miss Paws, and her eight feline ancestors. The attraction aimed to "recreate the sights, sounds and smells, of six hundred years of maritime history". After being introduced to Miss Paws, visitors were taken around a series of nineteen dioramas depicting various historic scenes, including the Black Death pandemic, the Spanish Armada's attempted invasion, the English Civil War, the use of Portland stone by Sir Christopher Wren for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666, Weymouth's Royal Patronage by King George III, local smuggling and Weymouth's important tourism trade following its railway link opened in 1857. The final part of the attraction was Brewery Days, which covered the history of brewing in Hope Square from 1821. It featured the characters Mr Malt, Mr Hops and Mr Yeast which were known as the Brewery Bunch. Adults were able to taste some real ale in the Drum and Dancer Tasting Bar.

text:
# Timewalk

The **Timewalk** was an exhibition and visitor attraction located in Brewers Quay, Weymouth, Dorset. It opened in 1990 and closed in 2010. One of Weymouth's most popular attractions, Timewalk took visitors on a journey covering the town's history and maritime connections from the 14th century onwards. It was told by the brewery cat, Miss Paws, and her eight feline ancestors. The attraction aimed to "recreate the sights, sounds and smells, of six hundred years of maritime history".

After being introduced to Miss Paws, visitors were taken around a series of nineteen dioramas depicting various historic scenes, including the Black Death pandemic, the Spanish Armada's attempted invasion, the English Civil War, the use of Portland stone by Sir Christopher Wren for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666, Weymouth's Royal Patronage by King George III, local smuggling and Weymouth's important tourism trade following its railway link opened in 1857. The final part of the attraction was Brewery Days, which covered the history of brewing in Hope Square from 1821. It featured the characters Mr Malt, Mr Hops and Mr Yeast which were known as the Brewery Bunch. Adults were able to taste some real ale in the Drum and Dancer Tasting Bar.

## History

Following the closure of Devenish Brewery, Devenish and Weymouth & Portland Borough Council launched a major plan to transform the building into Brewers Quay, a shopping complex with a pub, restaurant and indoor visitor attractions. Opened in June 1990, the new £4.5 million complex included Timewalk and Weymouth Museum, both of which covered the history of Weymouth. The project designer was John Sunderland, and that year, Timewalk won the British Tourist Authority's "Come to Britain Trophy".

Timewalk was one of the area's most popular attractions and was praised as part of the Rough Guide to Britain's entry for Weymouth in 2004. In a borough report by the council, Timewalk's annual visitor numbers for 2004 was 41,000. In the summer of 2007, VisitBritain announced that Weymouth was the most searched location on their websites, which was said to have been boosted by both Timewalk and the Sea Life Park.

In 2010, Timewalk closed when Brewers Quay shut for redevelopment by Brewers Quay Investment LLP. As part of their plans, it was announced that Timewalk would not be included in the redevelopment, with the attraction being described as "no longer justifiable" due to dwindling visitor numbers. Instead, a new wet weather attraction was announced as its replacement. However, the plans stalled and in 2013, Brewers Quay re-opened as an antiques emporium. Following its closure, the Timewalk figures were placed in storage within the building. In 2016, Weymouth Museum gave 18 figures to the emporium, who retained some while others were sold.

50°36′20″N 2°27′09″W / 50.6055°N 2.4525°W / 50.6055; -2.4525


title: Timetree

abstract: A timetree is a phylogenetic tree scaled to time. It shows the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms in a temporal framework. Therefore, if living organisms are represented, the branch length between the base of the tree and all leafs is identical because the same time has elapsed, although extinct organisms can be shown in a timetree. As with a phylogenetic tree, timetrees can be drawn in different shapes: rectangular, circular, or even spiral. The only figure in Darwin's On the Origin of Species, one of the earliest printed evolutionary trees, is a hypothetical timetree. Because the fossil record has always been tightly linked to the geologic record, evolutionary trees of extinct organisms are typically illustrated as timetrees.

text:
# Timetree

A **timetree** is a phylogenetic tree scaled to time. It shows the evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms in a temporal framework.

Therefore, if living organisms are represented, the branch length between the base of the tree and all leafs (e.g., species) is identical because the same time has elapsed, although extinct organisms can be shown in a timetree.

As with a phylogenetic tree, timetrees can be drawn in different shapes: rectangular, circular, or even spiral. The only figure in Darwin's *On the Origin of Species*, one of the earliest printed evolutionary trees, is a hypothetical timetree. Because the fossil record has always been tightly linked to the geologic record, evolutionary trees of extinct organisms are typically illustrated as timetrees.

## History

In the past, timetrees were sometimes called "chronograms," but that term has been criticized because it is imprecise, referring to any graph that shows time, and not indicating that evolutionary relationships are involved. The first use of the single word "timetree," in the context of an evolutionary tree scaled to time, was in 2001.


title: Mecyclothorax kubor

abstract: Mecyclothorax kubor is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Baehr in 2008.

text:
# Mecyclothorax kubor

***Mecyclothorax kubor*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Baehr in 2008.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyclothorax kubor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyclothorax* |
| Species: | ***M. kubor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyclothorax kubor***<br>Baehr, 2008 | |
|


title: Mecyclothorax lackneri

abstract: Mecyclothorax lackneri is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Baehr in 2008.

text:
# Mecyclothorax lackneri

***Mecyclothorax lackneri*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Baehr in 2008.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyclothorax lackneri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyclothorax* |
| Species: | ***M. lackneri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyclothorax lackneri***<br>Baehr, 2008 | |
|


title: Frogcircus

abstract: Frogcircus is a rock band from Berlin, Germany, originally formed in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain in 1996.

text:
# Frogcircus

**Frogcircus** is a rock band from Berlin, Germany, originally formed in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain in 1996.

## History

Frogcircus was founded in 1996 by singer/guitarist *Stone* (born Antonio Alonso) in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. After the split of previous bands like Luger and Vicious Soul, Stone recruited bassist Mariano Gracia and drummer Juan Manuel Cuadrado and recorded the first band demos "Drunken Sailors' Ritual" (1996) and "The Chinese Sideburns" (1997).

In 1998, guitarist Jorge Casañas and drummer José Llobet entered the band, and 1999 saw the release of the first album *Acid Jokes* on Ajo Records under the production of Jorge Casañas and Frogcircus. That year, the band appeared at a special feature show on United States-Television channel HBO to premiere the record, and also headlined the Campus Rock Festival together with Spanish rockers Dover, as well as appearances with Nada Surf, The Godfathers and Mick Taylor.

Right after the incorporation of drummer Miguel Arencibia and bassist Miguel Ballesteros, the band moved to Berlin, where they signed with indie label Thorshammer and released the *Zeitgeist EP* (2002). The EP, produced by Thomas Neumann, brought the band to its first German tour together with singer-songwriter Bobo (who had previously worked with Rammstein on their hit single "Engel"). After the recording of the *Zeitgeist EP*, the band again changed the Spanish musicians for local ones, and drummer Tyronne Silva and bassist Timo Günzel joined Stone, by now the only original founding member in the band.

The band worked as a trio on what would become their next album, recorded in Berlin and Gran Canaria, with Stone acting as producer this time under his real name. Shortly after, Tyronne Silva had to quit drumming for a longer period for health reasons, and after some provisional drummers filling the spot, Tobi Fröhlich (previously in Limbic) joined the band in 2004.

The second LP *Allergic* was released on 1 March 2005 under Soja Music, together with the single "Titanium" and the video. The band wrote two new songs for the film "Ludgers Fall" by director Wolf Wolff and the theme song for Sebastian Pannek's "The Assessment". During August 2006, the band recorded what would be the third full album *Not Completely Clean*, produced by Jürgen Block, released in July 2008 under BlackRock Records.

The fourth album, titled *Ink*, was recorded between December 2009 and March 2010 in Berlin and was released in December 2010 under BlackRock Records again. Production duties were taken by Antonio Alonso and Gonzalo Ramos.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Acid Jokes* (1999)
* *Allergic* (2005)
* *Not Completely Clean* (2008)
* *Ink* (2010)

### EPs

* *Zeitgeist EP* (2002)

### Singles

* "An Ocean Apart" / "Minutes on the Wall" (1999)
* "The World's in B&W" / "Why Cow?" (2002)
* "Titanium" (2005)
* "Off the Tide" / "Sometimes" (Ludgers Fall soundtrack) (2006)

## InfoBox

| Frogcircus | |
| --- | --- |
| Frogcircus 2006 (l. to. r.: Stone, Tobi Fröhlich, Timo Günzel) | |
| Background information | |
| Genres | Rock |
| Years active | 1995– |
| Labels | BlackRock Records
Soja Music
Thorshammer
Ajo Records |
|  | |
| Members | Stone, vocals, guitar (1995– )
Timo Günzel, bass (2002– )
Tobi Fröhlich, drums (2004– )
Jorge Casañas, guitar (1997–2001, 2007– ) |
|  | |
| Past members | Juan Manuel Cuadrado, drums (1995–1997)
Mariano Gracia, bass, guitar (1995–2000)
José Llobet, drums (1997–1999)
Miguel Arencibia, drums (1999–2001)
Miguel Ballesteros, bass (2000–2001)
Tyronne Silva, drums (2001–2003)
Wolfgang Kuhn, bass (2002)
Jens Gathemann, drums (2004) |
|  | |
| Website | www.frogcircus.com |


title: Froges

abstract: Froges is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It is part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration).

text:
# Froges

**Froges** (French pronunciation: \[fʁɔʒ\]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It is part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration).

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  477       1800  450 −0.83%  1806  532 +2.83%  1821  517 −0.19%  1831  581 +1.17%  1836  571 −0.35%  1841  527 −1.59%  1846  546 +0.71%  1851  537 −0.33%  1856  538 +0.04%  1861  503 −1.34%  1866  466 −1.52%  1872  503 +1.28%  1876  521 +0.88%  1881  553 +1.20%  1886  577 +0.85%  1891  569 −0.28%  1896  515 −1.97% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1901  506 −0.35%  1906  502 −0.16%  1911  526 +0.94%  1921  907 +5.60%  1926  1,753 +14.09%  1931  2,376 +6.27%  1936  1,508 −8.69%  1946  1,481 −0.18%  1954  1,721 +1.90%  1962  2,279 +3.57%  1968  2,631 +2.42%  1975  2,303 −1.88%  1982  2,191 −0.71%  1990  2,330 +0.77%  1999  3,092 +3.19%  2007  3,486 +1.51%  2012  3,393 −0.54%  2017  3,331 −0.37% |
| --- | --- |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) | |

## International relations

Froges is twinned with:

* Media related to Froges at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Froges | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The road into Froges | |
|  | |
| Location of Froges | |
| FrogesFroges | |
| Coordinates: 45°16′27″N 5°55′33″E / 45.2742°N 5.9258°E / 45.2742; 5.9258 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Isère |
| Arrondissement | Grenoble |
| Canton | Le Haut-Grésivaudan |
| Intercommunality | CC Le Grésivaudan |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Olivier Salvetti |
| Area**1** | 6.43 km2 (2.48 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 3,345 |
| Density | 520/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 38175 /38190 |
| Elevation | 219–965 m (719–3,166 ft)
(avg. 234 m or 768 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show

abstract: The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show is a syndicated morning talk radio show broadcast primarily from the Townsquare Media radio station WGRD-FM in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The show is hosted by Gregg "Free Beer" Daniels, Chris "Hot Wings" Michels, executive producer Steve McKiernan, producer Kelly Cheesborough and Maitlynn Mossolle. Phone-screener, Tommy McNeil joined the team in January 2024. The show is syndicated throughout America, and is distributed by Compass Media Networks. The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show has also guest hosted The Dan Patrick Show on multiple occasions.

text:
# The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show

***The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show*** is a syndicated morning talk radio show broadcast primarily from the Townsquare Media radio station WGRD-FM in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The show is hosted by Gregg "Free Beer" Daniels, Chris "Hot Wings" Michels, executive producer Steve McKiernan, producer Kelly Cheesborough and Maitlynn Mossolle. Phone-screener, Tommy McNeil joined the team in January 2024. The show is syndicated throughout America, and is distributed by Compass Media Networks.

*The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show* has also guest hosted *The Dan Patrick Show* on multiple occasions.

| Former Members | Role | Start | End |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eric Zane | Host |  | 2/17/2016 |
| Producer Justin | Producer |  | 11/16/2018 |
| Joe Gasmann | Host |  | 11/16/2022 |

## Holiday Break-in

Every December, the show solicits the nomination by their listeners of needy families to be the recipients of the Holiday Break-in for those unable to buy holiday gifts. Once the recipients are selected, participating radio affiliates break into the houses of these families (with the assistance of the nominator, a locksmith, and local police) and bring the holidays where there would be none.

## Awards

The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show won the Michigan Association of Broadcasters award in 2005 2006, and 2007.

Free Beer and Hot Wings won the RadioContraband Rock Radio Award for "Syndicated Morning Show of the Year" in 2013 and 2014

The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show is a nominee for the 2024 induction class of the Radio Hall of Fame.

## Controversies

In early 2018, producer Joseph "Joe" Gassmann was arrested in Naperville, Illinois, in DuPage county, for two counts of domestic battery, which are Class A misdemeanors in Illinois. Townsquare Media released a statement:

"As you may be aware, Joe Gassmann of The Free Beer and Hot Wings show was arrested after a domestic altercation this past Saturday night. Joe has been suspended and will not be appearing on the show, pending resolution of the police investigation of the matter." The charges were eventually dropped and Joe returned to the show near the end of May 2018.

## InfoBox

The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Home station | WGRD-FM (Grand Rapids) |
| Syndicates | Compass Media Networks |
| Hosted by | * Gregg "Free Beer" Daniels * Chris "Hot Wings" Michels |
| Produced by | * Steve McKiernan * Kelly Cheesborough |
| Website | www.freebeerandhotwings.com |


title: The Free

abstract: The Free were a German eurodance group from the 1990s. They were produced by Felix J. Gauder and Olaf Roberto Bossi.

text:
# The Free

**The Free** were a German eurodance group from the 1990s. They were produced by Felix J. Gauder and Olaf Roberto Bossi.

## Members

* 1994–1995: Iris Trevisan
* 1995–1996: Ayla J.
* 1994–1999: Charles Simmons

## Discography

| The Free discography | |
| --- | --- |
| Studio albums | 1 |
| Music videos | 4 |
| Singles | 6 |

### Studio albums

* 1996: *Crazy Worlds*

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | GER<br> |
| "Born Crazy" | 1994 | 44 |
| | "Lover on the Line" | 48 |
| "Dance The Night Away" | 1995 | 45 |
| "Shout" | 1996 | 47 |
| | "Loveletter From Space" | 58 |
| "Fly" | 1999 |  |
| "—" denotes singles which were not released in that country or failed to chart. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| The Free | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Germany |
| Genres | Eurodance, Pop |
| Years active | 1994–1999 |
| Labels | Dance Pool, Elixir |


title: Marca Futsal

abstract: Marca Futsal is a futsal club based in Castelfranco Veneto, Treviso Italy. The club was founded in 2005 as "Marca Trevigiana C5" and changed name in 2009; its stadium is Palasport PalaMazzalovo of Montebelluna with 1,100 seats.

text:
# Marca Futsal

**Marca Futsal** is a futsal club based in Castelfranco Veneto, Treviso Italy. The club was founded in 2005 as "Marca Trevigiana C5" and changed name in 2009; its stadium is Palasport PalaMazzalovo of Montebelluna with 1,100 seats.

## Honours

## Roster 2012/2013

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  ITA Gabriel Miraglia  2   ITA Marco Ercolessi  3   ESP Borja Blanco Gil  4   ITA Marco Caverzan  5   ITA Luiz Filipe Follador  6   ARG Fernando Wilhelm *(captain)*  7   BRA Chimanguinho  8   ITA Vinicius Omori Duarte | No. Pos. Nation Player  11   BRA Bebetinho  12 GK  BRA Guilherme Kuromoto  14   ITA Patrick Nora  15   ITA Edgar Bertoni Rocha  18   ITA Leonardo Calmonte  20   ITA Jonas  - GK  ITA Giobatta Bianchini  - FW  ROU Andrei Dan |
| --- | --- |

## UEFA club competitions record

### UEFA Futsal Cup

| Season | Competition | Round | Country | Opponent | Result | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011/12 | UEFA Futsal Cup | Main Round |  | Ilves | 60 | Târgu Mureș |
| | | |  | MNK Split | 41 | Târgu Mureș |
| | | |  | City'US | 52 | Târgu Mureș |
| | | Elite Round |  | Slov-Matic | 31 | Padova |
| | |  | Uragan | 42 | Padova |
| | |  | Montesilvano | 22 | Padova |
| | | Final Four |  | MFK Dinamo Moskva | 03 | Lleida |
| | |  | Sporting CP | 3 (4) 3 (3) | Lleida |

## InfoBox

A.S.D. Marca Futsal
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | *Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Marca Futsal* |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Dissolved | 2014 |
| Ground | PalaMazzalovo, <br>Montebelluna, Italy |
| Capacity | 1,100 |
| Chairman | Massimo Bello |
| Manager | Julio Fernández Correa |
| 2013-14 | Serie A1 (Futsal), **Champion** |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Manish S. Shah

abstract: Manish Suresh Shah is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and former assistant United States attorney for the same court.

text:
# Manish S. Shah

**Manish Suresh Shah** (born November 3, 1972) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and former assistant United States attorney for the same court.

## Biography

Born in New York City, Shah received a Bachelor of Arts degree, *cum laude*, in 1994 from Stanford University. He received a Juris Doctor, *cum laude*, in 1998 from the University of Chicago Law School. He worked as an associate at the law firm of Heller, Ehrman, White & McAuliffe in San Francisco, California, from 1998 to 1999. He served as a law clerk to Judge James Zagel of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois from 1999 to 2001. He served as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Northern District of Illinois from 2001–2014. He served as Deputy Chief of the General Crimes Section from 2007 to 2008, Deputy Chief of the Financial Crimes & Special Prosecutions Section from 2008 to 2011, Chief of Criminal Appeals from 2011 to 2012 and previously served as Chief of the Criminal Division.

### Federal judicial service

Shah was recommended to fill a judicial vacancy on the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois by Republican Senator Mark Kirk. On September 19, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Shah to the seat vacated by Judge Joan Lefkow, who assumed senior status on September 1, 2012. On January 16, 2014 his nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On April 11, 2014 Senate Majority Leader Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on his nomination. On April 29, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 57–40 vote. On April 30, 2014, his nomination was confirmed by a 95–0 vote. He received his commission on May 1, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Manish S. Shah | |
| --- | --- |
| Shah in 2013 | |
|  | |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
May 1, 2014 | |
| Appointed by | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Joan Lefkow |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Manish Suresh Shah
(1972-11-03) November 3, 1972
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Education | Stanford University (BA)
University of Chicago (JD) |
|  | |


title: Fatalism (album)

abstract: Fatalism is the third studio album by Australian metalcore band Polaris. The band produced and recorded the album in Melbourne in 2022 with Lance Prenc engineering and Alpha Wolf guitarist Scottie Simpson on vocal recording duties. The album was released on 1 September 2023 under Resist Records and SharpTone Records. It is the band's final album with lead guitarist Ryan Siew, after his death on 19 June 2023, with his recordings completed beforehand and released posthumously. At the 2023 J Awards, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year. The album was nominated for the 2023 Australian Music Prize. At the AIR Awards of 2024, the album was nominated for Best Independent Heavy Album or EP. At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best Hard Rock/Heavy Metal Album.

text:
# Fatalism (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Distorted Sound* | 9/10 |
| *Kerrang!* | 4/5 |
| *The Music* |  |
| *Wall of Sound* | 9/10 |

***Fatalism*** is the third studio album by Australian metalcore band Polaris. The band produced and recorded the album in Melbourne in 2022 with Lance Prenc engineering and Alpha Wolf guitarist Scottie Simpson on vocal recording duties. The album was released on 1 September 2023 under Resist Records and SharpTone Records. It is the band's final album with lead guitarist Ryan Siew, after his death on 19 June 2023, with his recordings completed beforehand and released posthumously.

At the 2023 J Awards, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year.

The album was nominated for the 2023 Australian Music Prize.

At the AIR Awards of 2024, the album was nominated for Best Independent Heavy Album or EP.

At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best Hard Rock/Heavy Metal Album.

## Background

The first single from Polaris' then-upcoming album was "Inhumane", released on 26 May 2023. The band was performing the European leg of their ten-year anniversary tour until 20 June when Polaris announced the cancellation of the tour due to a personal crisis, which was announced on 27 June to be Ryan Siew's death at the age of 26 on 19 June. No cause of death was revealed. The following month, on July 24, the band announced that they would be going forward with the release of *Fatalism* and its accompanying tour in honour of Siew, after lengthy discussions between the band and Siew's family. "This is the last set of complete songs that we wrote together with Ryan," the band said in a statement, "and though the circumstances of their release are now framed by this tragedy, the meaning of the songs and the love we have for them has not changed." The album's second single, "Nightmare", was released later that week on 26 July.

On 24 August, the band released the album's third single, and last before the album's release, "Overflow".

On 27th January 2024, "Nightmare", the album's second single, placed at 90th in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2023.

On 10 May 2024, the band announced the album's fourth single, "Dissipate", which was accompanied by a live music video filmed at Margaret Court Arena on September 9, 2023, during the Australian leg of the Fatalism tour.

## Tour

On 31 May 2023, the band announced a tour for September 2023 in support of the album, featuring bands August Burns Red, Kublai Khan and Currents.

## Track listing

*Fatalism* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Harbinger" | 3:24 |
| 2. | "Nightmare" | 4:28 |
| 3. | "Parasites" | 3:16 |
| 4. | "Overflow" | 4:11 |
| 5. | "With Regards" | 4:11 |
| 6. | "Inhumane" | 3:59 |
| 7. | "The Crossfire" | 4:06 |
| 8. | "Dissipate" | 4:23 |
| 9. | "Aftertouch" | 4:19 |
| 10. | "Fault Line" | 5:05 |
| 11. | "All in Vain" | 4:43 |
| Total length: | | 46:11 |

## Personnel

**Polaris**

* Daniel Furnari – drums
* Jamie Hails – vocals
* Rick Schneider – rhythm guitar
* Jake Steinhauser – bass, vocals
* Ryan Siew – lead guitar

**Additional personnel**

* Lance Prenc – engineering, mixing, mastering
* Scottie Simpson – vocal recording

## Charts

Chart performance for *Fatalism*
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 1 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 25 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 77 |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 17 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 8 |

## InfoBox

| Fatalism | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Polaris | |
| Released | 1 September 2023 (2023-09-01) |
| Recorded | 2022 |
| Genre | Metalcore |
| Length | 46:11 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | * Polaris * Lance Prenc * Scottie Simpson |
| Polaris chronology | |
| *The Death of Me*
(2020) ***Fatalism***
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Fatalism* | |
| 1. "Inhumane"
Released: 26 May 2023 2. "Nightmare"
Released: 27 July 2023 3. "Overflow"
Released: 24 August 2023 4. "Dissipate"
Released: 10 May 2024 | |
|  | |


title: The Fields of November

abstract: The Fields of November is an album of American guitarist Norman Blake, released in 1974. It was reissued in 1992 by Flying Fish along with Old and New as a double CD. Blake later married Nancy Short, who plays cello on this release. They would release a number of duet albums throughout the years.

text:
# The Fields of November

***The Fields of November*** is an album of American guitarist Norman Blake, released in 1974. It was reissued in 1992 by Flying Fish along with *Old and New* as a double CD.

Blake later married Nancy Short, who plays cello on this release. They would release a number of duet albums throughout the years.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

In his Allmusic review, critic Jim Smith called the album " a thoroughly relaxed affair that did much to establish the sound he would follow throughout the rest of his career, mixing wistful ballads with controlled instrumental material. He demonstrates his musical prowess by playing fiddle, mandolin, and dobro, as well as composing all of the album's songs."

## Track listing

All songs by Norman Blake.

### Side one

1. "Green Leaf Fancy"
2. "Last Train from Poor Valley"
3. "White Oak Swamp"
4. "Ruins of Richmond"
5. "Graycoat Soldiers"
6. "Caperton Ferry"
7. "Southern Railroad Blues"

### Side two

1. "Lord Won't You Help Me"
2. "Krazy Kurtis"
3. "Coming Down from Rising Fawn"
4. "Uncle"
5. "The Old Brown Case"
6. "The Fields of November"

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Fields of November | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Norman Blake | |
| Released | 1974 |
| Genre | Americana, folk |
| Label | Flying Fish |
| Norman Blake chronology | |
| *Home in Sulphur Springs*
(1972) ***The Fields of November***
(1974) *Old and New*
(1975) | |
|  | |
| Alternative Cover | |
|  | |
| Cover of the reissue with *Old and New* | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: February 1905

abstract: The following events occurred in February 1905:

text:
# February 1905

| \<\< | February 1905 | | | | | \>\> |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
|  |  |  | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 |
| 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 |
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| 26 | 27 | 28 |  |  |  |  |
|
|

The following events occurred in **February 1905**:

## February 1, 1905 (Wednesday)

* U.S. Senator John H. Mitchell of Oregon was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges arising from a scandal involving land grants in the state and illegally using his influence for private clients. On July 3, he would be found guilty of receiving compensation illegally for representation against the federal government but would die before an appeal of his conviction could be decided.
* Pyotr Sviatopolk-Mirsky, referred to in the press as "Prince Mirsky", resigned as the Russian Interior Minister.
* Russia and Germany signed a treaty, with the Russians accepting the 1902 Brussels Sugar Convention and promising that no restrictions would be place on Jewish salesmen.
* **Born:** Emilio Segrè, Italian physicist, 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics laureate (with Owen Chamberlain) for his discovery of the subatomic antiproton, as well as the elements technetium and astatine; in Tivoli (d. 1989)

## February 2, 1905 (Thursday)

* Russia's cabinet of ministers recommended to Tsar Nicholas II that an elected legislature should be created to allow a public voice in the nation's government.

## February 3, 1905 (Friday)

## February 4, 1905 (Saturday)

## February 5, 1905 (Sunday)

* The French ship *Anjou* was wrecked off of the coast of the uninhabited Auckland Island, located 290 miles (470 km) from the nearest inhabited land in New Zealand, the South Island. While Captain Raphaël Le Tallec and the crew of 22 men was able to reach shore, the castaways lived on the isle for more than three months until being rescued on May 7 by the government steamer NZGSS *Hinemoa*.

## February 6, 1905 (Monday)

## February 7, 1905 (Tuesday)

* The U.S. Senate passed a bill providing for the admission for statehood of the Indian Territory (as Oklahoma) and for what are now New Mexico and Arizona as a single "State of New Mexico".
* **Born:**

## February 8, 1905 (Wednesday)

Roosevelt and Fairbanks

## February 9, 1905 (Thursday)

## February 10, 1905 (Friday)

## February 11, 1905 (Saturday)

* J. N. Williamson, one of the two U.S. representatives for Oregon, was indicted on charges arising from the Oregon land fraud scandal. He would be convicted of political corruption and the illegal acquisition of public lands, but the conviction would be overturned in 1908 by the United States Supreme Court in *Williamson v. United States*.

## February 12, 1905 (Sunday)

## February 13, 1905 (Monday)

## February 14, 1905 (Tuesday)

* King Edward VII opened Parliament in the United Kingdom.

## February 15, 1905 (Wednesday)

* **Died:** U.S. Army General Lew Wallace, 77, American officer, civil servant, diplomat and writer known for the bestselling novel *Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ* (b. 1827). He also served as Governor of the New Mexico Territory (1878-1881) and the U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire (1881-1885), and is the only novelist whose statue is displayed in the U.S. Capitol.

## February 16, 1905 (Thursday)

## February 17, 1905 (Friday)

* Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, the Governor-General of Moscow and uncle of Tsar Nicholas II, was assassinated when a nitroglycerin bomb was thrown into the carriage in which he was riding. As the carriage was being driven by Andrei Rudinkin through the gate of Nikolskaya Tower of the Kremlin, anarchist Ivan Kalyayev stepped forward and threw the bomb directly into Sergei's lap. The explosion blast disintegrated the carriage and the Grand Duke. Driver Rudinkin and assassin Kalyayev were both injured, with Rudinkin dying three days later.
* The first public demonstration of judo in the United States was given at Princeton University as Japanese judokas Tsunejiro Tomita and Mitsuyo Maeda threw two challengers, Princeton Tigers football player N. B. Tooker, and Princeton instructor Samuel Feagles. *Baltimore Sun*, February 18, 1905. A second demonstration took place four days later at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
* At Fremantle, Australia, the RMS *Orizaba* was wrecked, but all 160 passengers and the mail were saved.
* **Born:** Frans Piët, Dutch comic strip artist known for *Sjors en Sjimmie*; in Haarlem (d. 1997)

## February 18, 1905 (Saturday)

* The UK, France, Italy and Russia all declined to support a proposal by Prince George of Greece to allow for the annexation of Crete.

## February 19, 1905 (Sunday)

## February 20, 1905 (Monday)

## February 21, 1905 (Tuesday)

* Sir Wilfrid Laurier introduced a resolution in the Canadian parliament proposing that two new provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan, be created out of the Northwest Territories.
* The United Kingdom House of Commons voted against passing the proposed resolution by MP John Redmond of Ireland to declare that he British government was opposed to the will of the Irish people. The with the amendment failing, 236 to 286.

## February 22, 1905 (Wednesday)

## February 23, 1905 (Thursday)

## February 24, 1905 (Friday)

## February 25, 1905 (Saturday)

* Alcide Laurin became the first known ice hockey player to be killed during a game. Laurine, a 24-year-old player for the playing for the Alexandria Crescents was beaten to death with a hockey stick by during a game at Maxville, Ontario by Maxville's Allan Loney. Loney became the first ice hockey player to be charged with murdering another player during a game, but was tried for manslaughter and was acquitted.

## February 26, 1905 (Sunday)

* The Panama Canal Commission of the U.S. unanimously recommended construction of a sea-level canal across the Isthmus of Panama, and estimated that it could be completed within 12 years at a cost of $230,500,000.
* In the Russo-Japanese War, the Russians sustained a severe defeat in Manchuria at Tsen-ho-Cheng.
* More than 20 miners were killed in a coal mine explosion at Wilcoe, West Virginia.

## February 27, 1905 (Monday)

## February 28, 1905 (Tuesday)

* Jane Stanford, the co-founder with her husband Leland of Stanford University, was fatally poisoned while visiting the Moana Hotel in Hawaii. Although a coroner's jury determined that she had been murdered after having strychnine introduced to her in a bicarbonate of soda, but no charges were brought. A historian would conclude later that Mrs. Stanford had been poisoned by her personal secretary, Bertha Berner, who had been present at an earlier incident of poisoning on January 14.


title: March of the Soviet Militia

abstract: The "March of the Soviet Militia", Op. 139 is a march for military band composed in 1970 by Dmitri Shostakovich.

text:
# March of the Soviet Militia

The "**March of the Soviet Militia**" (Russian: Марш советской милиции, romanized: *Marsh sovietskoy militsii*), Op. 139 is a march for military band composed in 1970 by Dmitri Shostakovich.

## History

Shostakovich composed the "March of the Soviet Militia" in October 1970 at the request of Nikolai Shchelokov, then Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Sources disagree about whether the work bears a dedication. According to Maxim Shostakovich, Pauline Fairclough, and Derek C. Hulme, Shostakovich dedicated the work to his deceased friend, writer and satirist Mikhail Zoshchenko. The editor for the new collected works edition of the score, however, states that the score has no dedication.

The work was published by Sovietsky kompozitor, Muzika, and DSCH Publishers in 1972, 1978, and 2006 respectively. It is Shostakovich's final ceremonial work for the Soviet government.

## Music

The tempo for "March of the Soviet Militia" is marked "Allegretto." The band consists of the following instruments:

A typical performance takes approximately 1 1/2–2 minutes.

## Premiere and reception

The "March of the Soviet Militia" was premiered at the House of the Unions in Moscow on November 10, 1970. It was the featured work at an evening ceremony celebrating Soviet Militia Day. The work was premiered by the Exemplary Orchestra of the Office of the Kremlin Commandant conducted by Nikolai Zolotaryov; they also made its first recording in 1971 for Melodiya. It won first prize at the All-Union Competition for the Best Literary, Artistic, and Musical Work About Internal Affairs Staff.

Shostakovich biographer and researcher Levon Akopyan listed "March of the Soviet Militia" as one of the composer's "manifestations of conformity" about which it was "better not to remember."

## Sources

* Akopyan, Levon (2018). *Феномен Дмитрия Шостаковича* (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Издательство Русской христианской гуманитарной академии. ISBN 978-5-88812-851-0.
* Fairclough, Pauline (2008). "Slava! The 'official compositions'". In Fairclough, Pauline; Fanning, David (eds.). *The Cambridge Companion to Shostakovich*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-60315-7.
* Fay, Laurel (2000). *Shostakovich: A Life*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513438-9.
* Hulme, Derek C. (2010). *Dmitri Shostakovich: The First Hundred Years and Beyond*. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810872646.
* Khentova, Sofia (1985). *Шостакович. Жизнь и творчество, Т. 2* (in Russian). Moscow: Советский композитор.

## InfoBox

| "March of the Soviet Militia" | |
| --- | --- |
| by Dmitri Shostakovich | |
| Shostakovich *(center)* in 1974 (photograph by Yuri Shcherbinin) | |
| Opus | 139 |
| Composed | October 1970 |
| Dedication | Mikhail Zoshchenko (disputed) |
| Published | 1972 |
| Publisher | Sovietsky kompozitor
Muzika
DSCH Publishers |
| Duration | 1 1/2–2 minutes |
| Scoring | Military band |
| Premiere | |
| Date | November 10, 1970 (1970-11-10) |
| Location | House of the Unions
Moscow, Russian SFSR |
| Conductor | Nikolai Zolotaryov |
| Performers | Exemplary Orchestra of the Office of the Kremlin Commandant |


title: The Grand Madison

abstract: The Grand Madison, originally the Brunswick Building, is an office building located at 225 Fifth Avenue between East 26th and 27th Streets in Manhattan, New York City, on the north side of Madison Square Park. The building is part of the Madison Square North Historic District, a New York City designated landmark district, and is located in the neighborhood known as NoMad.

text:
# The Grand Madison

The **Grand Madison**, originally the **Brunswick Building**, is an office building located at 225 Fifth Avenue between East 26th and 27th Streets in Manhattan, New York City, on the north side of Madison Square Park. The building is part of the Madison Square North Historic District, a New York City designated landmark district, and is located in the neighborhood known as NoMad ("NOrth of MADison Square Park").

## History

The Renaissance Revival building "is constructed of multi-colored brick laid in a faint striped pattern, exquisitely ornamented in contrasting limestone. Its palazzo composition is articulated by a rusticated, trabeated base and arcaded loggia under an impressive cornice." Designed by architects Francis H. Kimball and Harry E. Donnell, the Brunswick Building was completed in 1907.

The 1907 structure replaced some brownstone residences and the once-fashionable Hotel Brunswick, a series of three connected buildings remodeled by Henry Hobson Richardson in 1870-71. Reflecting the stark commercial turn of the neighborhood, the new Brunswick Building served as an office and loft building after briefly being considered by the developers as the site for a new hotel. The architectural press sniffed at its “commonplace” commercial function, savaging the building upon its completion as “a monument of vulgarity and turpitude.” Time has considerably improved the building’s critical fortunes. A 1999 Columbia University academic study that presaged its landmark status praised the structure’s “multi-colored brick laid in a faint striped pattern, exquisitely ornamented in contrasting limestone. Its palazzo composition is articulated by a rusticated, trabeated base and arcaded loggia under an impressive cornice."

For the latter quarter of the twentieth century, 225 Fifth Avenue was known as the **New York Gift Building**, for many years the city's premier showcase for glass, ceramic and silver giftware. In 2008, ElAd Properties converted the building into 195 luxury apartments and renamed it The Grand Madison. Its common spaces were renovated by Rawlins Design beginning in 2012.

**Notes**

## InfoBox

| The Grand Madison | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Renaissance Revival |
| Location | Manhattan, New York City |
| Coordinates | 40°44′36.5″N 73°59′16″W / 40.743472°N 73.98778°W / 40.743472; -73.98778 |
| Opened | 1906 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Francis H. Kimball and Harry E. Donnell |


title: The Great American Bash (1996)

abstract: The 1996 Great American Bash was the sixth Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and 10th Great American Bash event overall. It took place on June 16, 1996, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. This was the fifth Great American Bash held at this venue after the 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 events.

text:
# The Great American Bash (1996)

The 1996 **Great American Bash** was the sixth Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and 10th Great American Bash event overall. It took place on June 16, 1996, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. This was the fifth Great American Bash held at this venue after the 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 events.

## Production

### Background

The Great American Bash is a professional wrestling event established in 1985. It was first produced by the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) and aired on closed-circuit television before becoming a pay-per-view event in 1988; JCP was rebranded as World Championship Wrestling (WCW) later that same year. WCW then seceded from the NWA in 1991. The 1996 event was the sixth Great American Bash event promoted by WCW and 10th overall. It took place on June 16, 1996, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. This was the fifth Great American Bash held at this venue after the 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 events.

### Storylines

The event featured professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Professional wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Event

Other on-screen personnel
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| Commentators | Tony Schiavone |
| | Dusty Rhodes |
| | Mike Tenay |
| Interviewer | Gene Okerlund |
| Ring announcers | David Penzer |
| | Michael Buffer |
| Referees | Randy Anderson |
| | Randy Eller |
| | Nick Patrick |

Prior to the start of the pay-per-view, there were three matches held on *Main Event*. The first match saw Rocco Rock make quick work of Jerry Sags. The second match saw V.K. Wallstreet defeat Jim Powers after a Samoan Drop. The final match saw Jim Duggan pin Disco Inferno following a running clothesline.

The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) defeated Fire and Ice (Scott Norton and Ice Train) in the first match of the pay-per-view. The Steiner Brothers hit a Frankensteiner followed by a bulldog, which enable Scott to pick up the pinfall victory on Norton.

The second match was for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship. This match saw Konnan retain the title by defeating El Gato, after hitting him with a spinebuster.

The next match saw Diamond Dallas Page defeat Marcus Alexander Bagwell. Bagwell went for a fisherman’s suplex that Page countered into a Diamond Cutter.

During the next match for the WCW Cruiserweight Championship, Dean Malenko retained his title in a match against a debuting Rey Misterio Jr. When Misterio went for a hurricanrana, Malenko countered into a powerbomb and used the middle rope for leverage to pick up the pinfall victory.

The next match saw John Tenta defeated Big Bubba Rogers. After Rogers attempted to hit Tenta off the top rope, Tenta powerbombed Bubba and covered him for the win. After the match Tenta cut Rogers' goatee off with a pair of scissors.

The next match was a Falls Count Anywhere match between Chris Benoit and Kevin Sullivan. The match ended when Benoit superplexed Sullivan from a table that head been set up on the ropes in the corner. After the match Arn Anderson came to the ring and helped Benoit attack Sullivan.

Sting next took on Lord Steven Regal, and picked up the victory via submission to the Scorpion Deathlock. After this match an announcement was made that Randy Savage was reinstated into WCW and would return the next night on *Monday Nitro*.

The second to last match was a tag team match between Ric Flair and Arn Anderson, against Kevin Greene and Steve McMichael. While Flair had the figure-4 leglock on Greene, his partner McMichael turned his back on him, and hit him with a briefcase full of money, which enables Flair to pin Green. Debra McMichael had chased Woman and Elizabeth to the back, only to return with the briefcase containing money and a Four Horsemen T-shirt. After the match, McMichael put on a The Four Horsemen shirt, officially joining the group, giving him Brian Pillman's spot in the Horsemen. Chris Benoit then came out and the Horsemen attacked Greene and Savage.

Eric Bischoff interviewed Kevin Nash and Scott Hall and after the interview, Nash and Hall powerbombed Bischoff through a table.

The main event was for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship saw the champion The Giant retain his title against Lex Luger. During the match, Jimmy Hart used his megaphone as a weapon on Luger, which brought Sting out who chased Hart to the back. The match ended when Luger attempted to use the Torture Rack, however he was unable to support him and collapsed. Giant used this opening to choke slam Luger and pick up the victory.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1ME | Rocco Rock defeated Jerry Sags | Singles match | 01:46 |
| 2ME | V.K. Wallstreet defeated Jim Powers | Singles match | 03:07 |
| 3ME | Jim Duggan defeated Disco Inferno | Singles match | 02:09 |
| 4 | The Steiner Brothers (Rick and Scott) defeated Fire and Ice (Scott Norton and Ice Train) | Tag team match | 10:29 |
| 5 | Konnan (c) defeated El Gato | Singles match for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship | 06:03 |
| 6 | Diamond Dallas Page defeated Marcus Alexander Bagwell | Singles match | 09:39 |
| 7 | Dean Malenko (c) defeated Rey Misterio Jr. | Singles match for the WCW Cruiserweight Championship | 17:50 |
| 8 | John Tenta defeated Big Bubba Rogers (with Jimmy Hart) | Singles match | 05:24 |
| 9 | Chris Benoit defeated Kevin Sullivan (with Jimmy Hart) | Falls Count Anywhere match | 09:58 |
| 10 | Sting defeated Lord Steven Regal (with Jeeves) by submission | Singles match | 16:30 |
| 11 | Ric Flair and Arn Anderson (with Woman, Miss Elizabeth and Bobby Heenan) defeated Kevin Greene and Steve McMichael (with Randy Savage, Debra and Tara Greene) | Tag team match | 20:51 |
| 12 | The Giant (c) (with Jimmy Hart) defeated Lex Luger | Singles match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship | 09:21 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  ME  – the match was broadcast prior to the pay-per-view on *Main Event* | | | |

## InfoBox

| The Great American Bash | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring Mean Gene Okerlund and Bobby "The Brain" Heenan | |
| Promotion | World Championship Wrestling |
| Date | June 16, 1996 |
| City | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Venue | Baltimore Arena |
| Attendance | 9,000 |
| Tagline(s) | *World Championship Wrestling Turns Up The Heat!* |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Slamboree **Next**
Bash at the Beach | |
| The Great American Bash chronology | |
| **Previous**
1995 **Next**
1997 | |


title: The Great American Bash (1999)

abstract: The 1999 Great American Bash was the ninth Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and 13th Great American Bash event overall. It took place on June 13, 1999, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. This was the seventh Great American Bash held at this venue after the 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1996, and 1998 events. This was also the first PPV event to incorporate WCW's new logo, which had debuted two months prior.

text:
# The Great American Bash (1999)

The 1999 **Great American Bash** was the ninth Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and 13th Great American Bash event overall. It took place on June 13, 1999, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. This was the seventh Great American Bash held at this venue after the 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1996, and 1998 events. This was also the first PPV event to incorporate WCW's new logo, which had debuted two months prior.

## Production

### Background

The Great American Bash is a professional wrestling event established in 1985. It was first produced by the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) and aired on closed-circuit television before becoming a pay-per-view (PPV) event in 1988; JCP was rebranded as World Championship Wrestling (WCW) later that same year. WCW then seceded from the NWA in 1991. The 1999 event was the ninth Great American Bash event promoted by WCW and 13th overall. It took place on June 13, 1999, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. This was the seventh Great American Bash held at this venue after the 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1996, and 1998 events. This was also the first PPV event to incorporate WCW's new logo that debuted three months prior.

### Storylines

The event featured professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Professional wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Event

Other on-screen personnel
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| Commentators | Tony Schiavone |
| | Bobby Heenan |
| | Mike Tenay |
| Interviewer | Gene Okerlund |
| Ring announcers | Michael Buffer |
| | David Penzer |
| Referees | Randy Anderson |
| | Johnny Boone |
| | Mickie Jay |
| | Nick Patrick |
| | Billy Silverman |

Hak pinned Brian Knobs after Jimmy Hart accidentally hit Knobs with a steel chair. Knobs was then hit with a kendo stick by Hak. After the match, Hugh Morrus came out and attacked Hak. Roddy Piper was disqualified when Buff Bagwell came out and attacked Ric Flair; as per a prematch stipulation Flair regained the presidency of WCW that he had lost to Piper at *Slamboree* the previous month. After the match, Piper helped Flair and Arn Anderson to attack Bagwell. Rick Steiner won the match after Sting was attacked backstage by dogs, and Rick forced the referee to declare him the winner. Randy Savage was disqualified after Sid Vicious, making his surprise return to WCW, interfered and attacked Kevin Nash with a powerbomb.

## Reception

In 2013, Dylan Diot of 411Mania gave the event a rating of 3.0 \[Bad\], stating, "WCW was in a bad place at the time. They were becoming a cheap rip-off of both WWF and even ECW, and they were going nowhere fast. The booking of the show was horrendous; seven \[of\] the matches involved interference and there were some mind-boggling stupid finishes throughout the show. Avoid this show at all costs; it's not worth it."

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hak (with Chastity) defeated Brian Knobbs (with Jimmy Hart) by pinfall | Hardcore match | 05:41 |
| 2 | Van Hammer defeated Mikey Whipwreck by pinfall | Singles match | 08:35 |
| 3 | Buff Bagwell defeated Disco Inferno by pinfall | Singles match | 10:33 |
| 4 | The No Limit Soldiers (Konnan and Rey Misterio Jr.) defeated The West Texas Rednecks (Curt Hennig and Bobby Duncum Jr.) by pinfall | Tag team match | 10:44 |
| 5 | Ernest Miller (with Sonny Onoo) defeated Horace Hogan by pinfall | Singles match | 05:10 |
| 6 | Ric Flair (with Arn Anderson and Asya) defeated Roddy Piper by disqualification | Singles match | 08:16 |
| 7 | Rick Steiner defeated Sting by pinfall | Falls Count Anywhere match | 10:35 |
| 8 | Jersey Triad (Diamond Dallas Page and Chris Kanyon) (with Bam Bam Bigelow) defeated Chris Benoit and Perry Saturn (c) by pinfall | Tag team match for the WCW World Tag Team Championship | 19:13 |
| 9 | Kevin Nash (c) defeated Randy Savage (with Team Madness) by disqualification | Singles match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship | 07:29 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| The Great American Bash | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Promotion | World Championship Wrestling |
| Date | June 13, 1999 |
| City | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Venue | Baltimore Arena |
| Attendance | 11,672 |
| Tagline(s) | *The Real Fireworks Start June 13th!* |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Slamboree **Next**
Bash at the Beach | |
| The Great American Bash chronology | |
| **Previous**
1998 **Next**
2000 | |


title: The Great American Bash (1997)

abstract: The 1997 Great American Bash was the seventh Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and 11th Great American Bash event overall. It took place on June 15, 1997, at The MARK of the Quad Cities in Moline, Illinois.

text:
# The Great American Bash (1997)

The 1997 **Great American Bash** was the seventh Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and 11th Great American Bash event overall. It took place on June 15, 1997, at The MARK of the Quad Cities in Moline, Illinois.

## Production

### Background

The Great American Bash is a professional wrestling event established in 1985. It was first produced by the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP) and aired on closed-circuit television before becoming a pay-per-view event in 1988; JCP was rebranded as World Championship Wrestling (WCW) later that same year. WCW then seceded from the NWA in 1991. The 1997 event was the seventh Great American Bash event promoted by WCW and 11th overall. It took place on June 15, 1997, at The MARK of the Quad Cities in Moline, Illinois.

### Storylines

The event featured professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Professional wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Event

Other on-screen personnel
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| Commentators | Tony Schiavone |
| | Bobby Heenan |
| | Dusty Rhodes |
| Interviewer | Gene Okerlund |
| Ring announcers | David Penzer |
| | Michael Buffer |
| Referee | Randy Anderson |
| | Mark Curtis |
| | Scott Dickinson |
| | Mickie Jay |
| | Nick Patrick |

The opening match of the pay-per-view saw Ultimate Dragon defeat Psychosis. Sonny Onoo who came out with Psychosis accidentally kicked him in the head, which enabled Dragon to apply the Dragon Sleeper and pick up victory via submission.

The second match saw Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) take on The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner), with the winner becoming the number one contender for the WCW World Tag Team Championship. After Scott hit a Frankensteiner off the top rope on Booker T, Vincent came out and dropped an elbow onto Booker T. This caused the Steiners to be disqualified and enabled Harlem Heat to become #1 contenders.

The next match saw Konnan defeat Hugh Morrus. As Morrus went for the moonsault off the top, he hit his face on the top turnbuckle. This gave Konnan the opening to hit the Tequila Sunrise and pick up the victory.

During the following match, Glacier took on Wrath. During the match, Mortis was handcuffed outside the ring, however toward the end of the match threw a chain into the ring for Wrath. Glacier however got the chain, hit Wrath with it and followed it up with a superkick to pick up the win. Following the match, after Mortis’ handcuffs were removed, he used them to handcuff Glacier to the rope, as the two double teamed Glacier.

In a Title vs. Career match, Akira Hokuto put her WCW Women's Championship, against Madusa’s career. After Madusa hurt her knee during the match, Akira hit a brainbuster to pick up the victory, and forcing Madusa to retire. After the match, Gene Okerlund attempted to talk with Madusa and the trainer evaluating her knee, however neither was willing to talk with him.

The next match was fought under hardcore rules, referred to as a death match. During the match, Chris Benoit picked up the submission victory over Meng, who submitted to the Crippler Crossface. After the match, both wrestlers were put on a stretcher back stage.

Kevin Greene next defeated Steve McMichael after Jeff Jarrett came out to interfere, however he accidentally hit the wrong man with a steel briefcase. This match was followed by the WCW World Tag Team Championship match, which saw The Outsiders (Scott Hall and Kevin Nash) retain the titles against Ric Flair and Roddy Piper, and Hall hit the Outsiders Edger on Piper.

The final match was a Falls Count Anywhere match between Randy Savage and Diamond Dallas Page. Scott Hall came out and hit the Outsider’s Edge on Page, followed by Savage hitting the flying elbowsmash, to pick up the win.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ultimate Dragon defeated Psychosis (with Sonny Onoo) by submission | Singles match | 14:20 |
| 2 | Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) (with Sister Sherri) defeated The Steiner Brothers (Rick and Scott) by disqualification | Tag team match | 12:02 |
| 3 | Konnan defeated Hugh Morrus by submission | Singles match | 10:34 |
| 4 | Glacier defeated Wrath (with James Vandenberg and Mortis) | Singles match | 12:02 |
| 5 | Akira Hokuto (c) (with Sonny Onoo) defeated Madusa | Title vs. Career match for the WCW Women's Championship | 11:41 |
| 6 | Chris Benoit defeated Meng by submission | Death match | 14:59 |
| 7 | Kevin Greene defeated Steve McMichael (with Debra McMichael) | Singles match | 09:21 |
| 8 | The Outsiders (Kevin Nash and Scott Hall) (c) (with Syxx) defeated Ric Flair and Roddy Piper | Tag team match for the WCW World Tag Team Championship | 10:02 |
| 9 | Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) defeated Diamond Dallas Page (with Kimberly Page) | Falls Count Anywhere match | 16:56 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| The Great American Bash | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Promotion | World Championship Wrestling |
| Date | June 15, 1997 |
| City | Moline, Illinois |
| Venue | The MARK of the Quad Cities |
| Attendance | 9,613 |
| Tagline(s) | *Give Him A Nice Warm Hug On Father's Day* |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Slamboree **Next**
Bash at the Beach | |
| The Great American Bash chronology | |
| **Previous**
1996 **Next**
1998 | |


title: Marek Strzaliński

abstract: Marek Strzaliński is a Polish Politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 11,045 votes in Białystok electoral district as a candidate from the Democratic Left Alliance list.

text:
# Marek Strzaliński

**Marek Strzaliński** (born 7 October 1947 in Siedlce) is a Polish Politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 11,045 votes in Białystok electoral district as a candidate from the Democratic Left Alliance list.

## InfoBox

| Marek Strzaliński | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Sejm 2005-2007 | |
| **In office**
25 September 2005  2007 | |
| Voivode of Podlaskie Voivodeship | |
| **In office**
October 2001  October 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Krystyna Łukaszuk |
| Succeeded by | Jan Dobrzyński |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-10-07) 7 October 1947
Siedlce |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | Democratic Left Alliance |
| Alma mater | Agricultural Academy in Lublin |
|  | |


title: Ja jesam odavde

abstract: Ja jesam odavde is the first and the only album performed live by former Yugoslav and Serbian rock band Galija. The album was recorded on Galija concert held on March 8, 1998 in Čair Sports Center, Niš. Ja jesam odavde is one of two Galija albums recorded without their vocalist, Predrag Milosavljević.

text:
# Ja jesam odavde

***Ja jesam odavde*** (trans. *I Am from Here*) is the first and the only album performed live by former Yugoslav and Serbian rock band Galija. The album was recorded on Galija concert held on March 8, 1998 in Čair Sports Center, Niš.

*Ja jesam odavde* is one of two Galija albums (the other one being the 1999 studio album *Južnjačka uteha*) recorded without their vocalist, Predrag Milosavljević.

## Track listing

1. "Da me nisi" – 3:49
2. "Žena koje nema" – 4:25
3. "Skadarska" – 3:37
4. "Milica" – 5:49
5. "Pismo" – 4:40
6. "Decimen" – 11:32
7. "Gospa" – 5:08
8. "Ja nisam odavde" – 6:05
9. "Noć" – 5:06
10. "Stare trube" – 5:43
11. "Dodirni me" – 6:47
12. "Kotor" – 6:07
13. "Još uvek sanjam" – 6:58

## Personnel

* Nenad Milosavljević \- vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica
* Saša Ranđelović - guitar
* Saša Lokner \- keyboard
* Slaviša Pavlović - bass guitar
* Boban Pavlović - drums
* Dragutin Jakovljević - guitar

### Guest musicians

* Gordana Svilarević - backing vocals
* Ivana Ćosić - backing vocals

* *EX YU ROCK enciklopedija 1960-2006*, Janjatović Petar; ISBN 978-86-905317-1-4

## InfoBox

| Ja jesam odavde | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Galija | |
| Released | March 8, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1998 |
| Venue | Čair Sports Center, Niš |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 87:26 |
| Label | PGP-RTS |
| Galija chronology | |
| *Voleti voleti*
(1997) ***Ja jesam odavde***
(1998) *Južnjačka uteha*
(1999) | |


title: Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder

abstract: Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel was a German satirical and humorous writer. Hippel was born at Gerdauen in the Kingdom of Prussia, where his father was rector of a school. He enjoyed an excellent education at home, and in his sixteenth year he entered the University of Königsberg as a student of theology. Among his instructors was the philosopher Immanuel Kant, and the two became close friends. Interrupting his studies, he went, on the invitation of a friend, to St Petersburg, where he was introduced at the court of the empress Catherine II. Returning to Königsberg he became a tutor in a private family; but, falling in love with a young lady of high position, his ambition was aroused, and giving up his tutorship he devoted himself with enthusiasm to legal studies. He was successful in his profession, and in 1780 was appointed chief burgomaster in Königsberg, and in 1786 privy councillor of war and president of the town. As he rose in the world, however, his inclination for matrimony vanished, and the lady who had stimulated his ambition was forgotten. He died at Königsberg on 23 April 1796, leaving a considerable fortune. Hippel had extraordinary talents, rich in wit and fancy, but his was a character full of contrasts and contradictions. Cautiousness and ardent passion, dry pedantry and piety, morality and sensuality; simplicity and ostentation composed his nature and, hence, his literary productions never attained artistic finish. In his Lebenslaufe nach aufsteigender Linie (1778–81) he intended to describe the lives of his father and grandfather, but he eventually confined himself to his own. It is an autobiography, in which persons well known to him are introduced, together with a mass of heterogeneous reflections on life and philosophy. Kreuz- and Querzüge des Ritters A bis Z (1793–94) is a satire levelled against the follies of the age: ancestral pride and the thirst for orders, decoration and the like. Among others of his better known works were Über die Ehe (1774) and Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Weiber (1792). In the latter essay, Hippel argued that the natural traits of women make them superior for many tasks, especially education. According to Jane Kneller, Hippel's "central claim" in this essay is that "excluding women from the public square is a travesty of justice that prevents the advancement of humanity toward genuine civilization." Timothy F. Sellner has produced an English translation of this work under the title On Improving the Status of Women. Hippel was once called the fore-runner of Jean Paul, and had some resemblance to this author, in his constant digressions and in the interweaving of scientific matter in his narrative. Like Richter he was strongly influenced by Laurence Sterne. He never married. In 1827–38 a collected edition of Hippel's works in 14 volumes was issued at Berlin. Über die Ehe was edited by Emil Brenning and Gustav Moldenhauer, and the Lebenslaufe nach aufsteigender Linie, in a modernized edition by Alexander von Oettingen (1878), went through several editions. See J Czerny, Sterne, Hippel and Jean Paul.

text:
# Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder

**Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel** (31 January 1741  23 April 1796) was a German satirical and humorous writer.

Hippel was born at Gerdauen in the Kingdom of Prussia, where his father was rector of a school. He enjoyed an excellent education at home, and in his sixteenth year he entered the University of Königsberg as a student of theology. Among his instructors was the philosopher Immanuel Kant, and the two became close friends. Interrupting his studies, he went, on the invitation of a friend, to St Petersburg, where he was introduced at the court of the empress Catherine II. Returning to Königsberg he became a tutor in a private family; but, falling in love with a young lady of high position, his ambition was aroused, and giving up his tutorship he devoted himself with enthusiasm to legal studies. He was successful in his profession, and in 1780 was appointed chief burgomaster in Königsberg, and in 1786 privy councillor of war and president of the town. As he rose in the world, however, his inclination for matrimony vanished, and the lady who had stimulated his ambition was forgotten. He died at Königsberg on 23 April 1796, leaving a considerable fortune.

Hippel had extraordinary talents, rich in wit and fancy, but his was a character full of contrasts and contradictions. Cautiousness and ardent passion, dry pedantry and piety, morality and sensuality; simplicity and ostentation composed his nature and, hence, his literary productions never attained artistic finish. In his *Lebenslaufe nach aufsteigender Linie* (1778–81) he intended to describe the lives of his father and grandfather, but he eventually confined himself to his own. It is an autobiography, in which persons well known to him are introduced, together with a mass of heterogeneous reflections on life and philosophy. *Kreuz-* and *Querzüge des Ritters A bis Z* (1793–94) is a satire levelled against the follies of the age: ancestral pride and the thirst for orders, decoration and the like.

Among others of his better known works were *Über die Ehe* (1774) and *Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Weiber* (1792). In the latter essay, Hippel argued that the natural traits of women make them superior for many tasks, especially education. According to Jane Kneller, Hippel's "central claim" in this essay is that "excluding women from the public square is a travesty of justice that prevents the advancement of humanity toward genuine civilization." Timothy F. Sellner has produced an English translation of this work under the title *On Improving the Status of Women*. Hippel was once called the fore-runner of Jean Paul, and had some resemblance to this author, in his constant digressions and in the interweaving of scientific matter in his narrative. Like Richter he was strongly influenced by Laurence Sterne. He never married.

In 1827–38 a collected edition of Hippel's works in 14 volumes was issued at Berlin. *Über die Ehe* was edited by Emil Brenning (Leipzig, 1872) and Gustav Moldenhauer (Leipzig, n.d. \[c. 1905\]), and the *Lebenslaufe nach aufsteigender Linie*, in a modernized edition by Alexander von Oettingen (1878), went through several editions. See J Czerny, *Sterne, Hippel and Jean Paul* (Berlin, 1904).

## Further reading

* Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel: On Marriage. Ed. and trans. by Timothy F. Sellner (Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Pr., 1994).
* Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel: The Status of Women. Collected Writings. Ed. and trans. by Timothy F. Sellner (Xlibris, 2009); this supersedes his earlier version of *On Improving the Status of Women*.


title: Garapan, Saipan

abstract: Garapan is the largest village and the center of the tourism industry on the island of Saipan, which is a part of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Garapan, as a census-designated place, has an area of 1.2 km⁲ (0.46 sq mi) and a population of 3,588.

text:
# Garapan, Saipan

**Garapan** (Old Japanese name: 柄帆町, *Garapan-chō*) is the largest village and the center of the tourism industry on the island of Saipan, which is a part of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Garapan, as a census-designated place, has an area of 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi) and a population of 3,588 (census of population, 2000).

## Description

Garapan is located on Saipan's west coast and is home to the majority of the island's major hotels and the American Memorial Park, which honors American soldiers who died during the Battle of Saipan. Micro Beach, one of Saipan's more famous beaches, sits adjacent to the American Memorial Park and has turquoise waters with a fine white, sandy shore.

Numerous shops, restaurants, and one of the CNMI's largest elementary schools, Garapan Elementary School, is located here. A popular tourist attraction, Paseo De Marianas (historically known as "Hotel Street"), is also located in Garapan.

One of the several churches on the island, Kristo Rai Church, is located in Garapan, just north of the Horiguchi Building.

## History

Garapan was a minor settlement during the Spanish colonial period of Saipan, and a location to which the Chamorros forcibly relocated from other islands in the Northern Marianas were housed before being transferred to Guam. The forced transfer of the Chamorros to Guam was completed by 1749 and Saipan was recorded as uninhabited. The village name of Garapan derived from the Refaluwasch (Carolinian) name of Arabwal (Gharabwan), so named for the vine with heart-shaped leaves found along the beach there by a group from Satawal who arrived here to settle around the year 1815. Between the years 1865 and 1869, the Hispanicized descendants of the Chamorros that were forcibly relocated to Guam started a settlement in this area, although apart from the Refaluwasch (Carolinian) community. During the German colonial period (1898-1914) a road was built connecting Garapan with Tanapag. The village was selected by the Empire of Japan when Japan acquired the South Seas Mandate from the League of Nations in 1920 to be the capital of their holdings in the Mariana Islands. Under the Nan’yō Kōhatsu Kabushiki Kaisha development company the town grew rapidly with a school, hospital, courthouse, bank, newspaper offices, cinema, and numerous public buildings constructed. By the mid-1930s, Garapan had a population of approximately 14,000, mostly Japanese and ethnic Koreans, Taiwanese and Okinawans, and was nicknamed "Tokyo of the South Seas".

This prosperity came to an abrupt end in World War II. During the Battle of Saipan in 1944, Garapan was destroyed, and thousands of its civilian inhabitants were killed. The survivors were forcibly repatriated to the Japanese home islands after the surrender of Japan and the ruins of Garapan remained unpopulated until the late 1960s and 1970s, when the area was redeveloped into large resort hotels and condominiums for the tourist industry. Some of the few remaining structures from the Japanese period, such as the Nan'yo-cho Saipan Hospital, are preserved on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Education

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Public School System

* Garapan Elementary School

Private schools:

15°12′22″N 145°43′05″E / 15.20611°N 145.71806°E / 15.20611; 145.71806


title: Indiana University Mathematics Journal

abstract: The Indiana University Mathematics Journal is a journal of mathematics published by Indiana University. Its first volume was published in 1952, under the name Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis and edited by Zachery D. Paden and Clifford Truesdell. In 1957, Eberhard Hopf became editor, the journal name changed to the Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics, and Truesdell founded a separate successor journal, the Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, now published by Springer-Verlag. The Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics later changed its name again to the present name. The full text of all articles published under the various incarnations of this journal is available online from the journal's web site. The web site lists all such papers under the Indiana University Mathematics Journal name, but other bibliographies generally use the name of the journal as of the date each paper was published.

text:
# Indiana University Mathematics Journal

The ***Indiana University Mathematics Journal*** is a journal of mathematics published by Indiana University. Its first volume was published in 1952, under the name ***Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis*** and edited by Zachery D. Paden and Clifford Truesdell. In 1957, Eberhard Hopf became editor, the journal name changed to the ***Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics***, and Truesdell founded a separate successor journal, the *Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis*, now published by Springer-Verlag. The *Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics* later changed its name again to the present name.

The full text of all articles published under the various incarnations of this journal is available online from the journal's web site. The web site lists all such papers under the *Indiana University Mathematics Journal* name, but other bibliographies generally use the name of the journal as of the date each paper was published.

## InfoBox

*Indiana University Mathematics Journal*
| Discipline | Mathematics |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis; Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics |
| History | 1952–present |
| Publisher | Indiana University (USA) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Indiana Univ. Math. J.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | IUMJAB |
| ISSN | 0022-2518 (print)
1943-5258 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Germans (band)

abstract: The Germans were a Canadian indie rock band whose members included Julian Kado, Roman Harrison, Livingston Fagan, Aidan Koper, Steven Lappano, Jesse Foster, Michael Rozenberg, and Leon Taheny. They are signed to Portland, Oregon-based label Arena Rock Recording Co. The band members are from various nearby Ontario cities: Mississauga, Richmond Hill, and Guelph. Critics have noted that the music is reminiscent of 1990s indie rock, and, in their "Artist of the Day" feature, Spin magazine compared the band's music to 1990s indie rock band Archers of Loaf. Taheny has cited the band Pavement as a significant influence. Most of the band members contributed to the 2006 Polaris Music Prize-winning album He Poos Clouds by Final Fantasy, which Taheny produced. Their track "I Am the Teacher" has been in rotation at CBC Radio 3, and played on the CBC Radio 3 podcast. The band toured the U.S. and Canada in early 2007. Band member Aidan Koper appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman, performing a "Stupid Human Trick" in which he contorted his body through a tennis racquet while juggling. No one from the band is German, and, despite their debut album being named Cape Fear, no band member has been to Cape Fear or has seen the Robert De Niro film – except for Livingston Fagan, but he had nothing to do with the naming or concept of the album.

text:
# Germans (band)

**The Germans** were a Canadian indie rock band whose members included Julian Kado, Roman Harrison, Livingston Fagan, Aidan Koper, Steven Lappano, Jesse Foster, Michael Rozenberg, and Leon Taheny. They are signed to Portland, Oregon-based label Arena Rock Recording Co. The band members are from various nearby Ontario cities: Mississauga, Richmond Hill, and Guelph.

Critics have noted that the music is reminiscent of 1990s indie rock, and, in their "Artist of the Day" feature, *Spin* magazine compared the band's music to 1990s indie rock band Archers of Loaf. Taheny has cited the band Pavement as a significant influence. Most of the band members contributed to the 2006 Polaris Music Prize-winning album *He Poos Clouds* by Final Fantasy, which Taheny produced.

Their track "I Am the Teacher" has been in rotation at CBC Radio 3, and played on the CBC Radio 3 podcast. The band toured the U.S. and Canada in early 2007.

Band member Aidan Koper appeared on the *Late Show with David Letterman*, performing a "Stupid Human Trick" in which he contorted his body through a tennis racquet while juggling.

No one from the band is German, and, despite their debut album being named *Cape Fear*, no band member has been to Cape Fear or has seen the Robert De Niro film – except for Livingston Fagan, but he had nothing to do with the naming or concept of the album.

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Germans | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Indie rock |
| Years active | 1999-2010 (1999-2010), 2013 |
| Labels | Arena Rock Recording Co. |
|  | |
| Members | Leon Taheny
Aidan Koper |
|  | |
| Past members | Steve Kado
Steven Lappano
Jesse Foster
Moshe Rozenberg
Livingston Fagan
Neil Harrison
Andrew Scott
Mike LeRiche
Adam Hindle
Tom MacCammon |
|  | |
| Website | 2tru4u.com |


title: Sunni Revival

abstract: The Sunni Revival was a period in Islamic history marked by the revival of the political fortunes of Sunni Islam, a renewed interest in Sunni law and theology and the spread of new styles in art and architecture. Conventionally, the revival lasted from 1055 until 1258. Richard Bulliet has proposed that the term "recentering" better describes the period than "revival" or "renaissance". The period is characterized as much by developments within Sunnism as by Sunni relations with Shia Islam. In particular, it was a period of homogenization of Sunnism as scholars and leaders strove for ijmāʿ (consensus). Eric Chaney has argued that the Sunni Revival led to the decline of scientific output in the Islamic world.

text:
# Sunni Revival

The **Sunni Revival** was a period in Islamic history marked by the revival of the political fortunes of Sunni Islam, a renewed interest in Sunni law and theology and the spread of new styles in art and architecture. Conventionally, the revival lasted from 1055 until 1258.

Richard Bulliet has proposed that the term "recentering" better describes the period than "revival" or "renaissance". The period is characterized as much by developments within Sunnism as by Sunni relations with Shia Islam. In particular, it was a period of homogenization of Sunnism as scholars and leaders strove for *ijmāʿ* (consensus). Eric Chaney has argued that the Sunni Revival led to the decline of scientific output in the Islamic world.

## Timing

The Sunni Revival followed a period of Shia ascendancy, sometimes called the "Shia Century", under the Fatimid dynasty in Africa, Palestine and parts of Arabia; the Hamdanid dynasty in Syria; and the Buyid dynasty in Iraq and Iran. During this period, Shia polities controlled most of the Islamic world, including its core areas. The Abbasid Caliph, the supreme Sunni leader, was under the control of the Buyids, who governed Baghdad, while the Sharif of Mecca was under the authority of the Fatimids.

The religious revival began under the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir (r.991–1031). Although subject to the Buyids and politically powerless, he managed to steer an increasingly independent course in religious issues. Backed by the Hanbali traditionalists, al-Qadir transformed the caliphate into the champion of Sunnism, condemning Shia and rationalist (Mu'tazilite) beliefs with which previous Abbasid caliphs had partially sympathized. The so-called "Qadiri Creed", formulated in 1018, was the first articulation of Sunni beliefs in their own right, rather than defined in opposition to the Shia.

The Sunni Revival became a political movement when the Sunni Seljuk Turks conquered Baghdad from the Buyids in 1055, saving Caliph al-Qa'im from being overthrown by the Shia. The period of Seljuk domination lasted roughly a century, until about 1150. They were definitively ousted from Baghdad in 1157. Thereafter a period of Abbasid resurgence and ecumenism followed until the Mongols sacked Baghdad in 1258.

## Spread

The chief architect of the political and legal Sunni revival was Nizam al-Mulk (d. 1092), vizier of the Seljuk Empire. He founded the school which took his name, the Nizamiyya of Baghdad. The chief architect of the theological revival, al-Ghazali (d. 1111), taught at Nizam's school in Baghdad. This was not the first *madrasa*, but it was by far the most influential and *nizamiyya* fashioned after that in Baghdad were founded wherever the Sunni revival spread. They were a major factor in the homogenization of Sunnism during the revival.

The figure most associated with the Sunni Revival in Syria is Nur ad-Din (d. 1174), who built twenty *madrasas* in Damascus. In 1171, Saladin, originally a general of Nur ad-Din, abolished the Fatimid Caliphate and brought Egypt into the Sunni fold. His Ayyubid dynasty vigorously strengthened Sunnism in Syria, Palestine and Egypt.

### Works cited

* Azzam, Abdel Rahman (2016). "Sources of the Sunni Revival: Nizam u-Mulk and the Nizamiyya: An 11th-Century Response to Sectarianism". *The Muslim World*. **106** (1): 97–108. doi:10.1111/muwo.12126.
* Berkey, Jonathan P. (2003). *The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600–1800*. Cambridge University Press.
* Chaney, Eric (2016). *Religion and the Rise and Fall of Islamic Science* (PDF) (Dissertation chapter). Harvard University.
* Griffel, Frank (2006). "Sunni Revival". In Meri, Josef W. (ed.). *Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia*. New York and London: Routledge. pp. 782–783. ISBN 978-0-415-96690-0.
* Kennedy, Hugh (2004). *The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century* (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-40525-7.
* Marks, Laura U. (2010). *Enfoldment and Infinity: An Islamic Genealogy of New Media Art*. MIT Press.
* Tabbaa, Yasser (2011). *The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival*. University of Washington Press.
* Tabbaa, Yasser (2017). "The Resurgence of the Baghdad Caliphate". In Finbarr Barry Flood; Gülru Necipoğlu (eds.). *A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture, Vol. 1: From the Prophet to the Mongols*. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 307–326.

## Further reading

* Azzam, Abdel Rahman (2014). *Saladin: The Triumph of the Sunni Revival*. Islamic Texts Society.
* Makdisi, George (1977). "The Sunni Revival". In Donald Sidney Richards (ed.). *Islamic Civilization, 950–1150*. Bruno Cassirer. pp. 155–168.
* Tabbaa, Yasser (2001). *The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival*. University of Washington Press.


title: From a Boy to a Man

abstract: From a Boy to a Man is the seventh solo studio album by American rapper San Quinn. It was released on September 16, 2008 through Done Deal Entertainment and SMC Recordings. Production was handled by Automatic, Big D The Impossible, Chops, Cozmo, Davey D, Dex Beats, Gene Boggs, Iconz, Left, Mike The Producer, Sean T, Traxamillion and Uncle Steve. It features guest appearances from 18, Bailey, Boo Banger, Chops, Cozmo, Homewrecka, Lil' Quinn, Mistah F.A.B., PSD Tha Drivah, Too $hort and Willy Hen. The album did not make it to the US Billboard 200, however, it peaked at number 47 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 20 on the Top Rap Albums and number 24 on the Heatseekers Albums.

text:
# From a Boy to a Man

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *HipHopDX* | 3.5/5 |

***From a Boy to a Man*** is the seventh solo studio album by American rapper San Quinn. It was released on September 16, 2008 through Done Deal Entertainment and SMC Recordings. Production was handled by Automatic, Big D The Impossible, Chops, Cozmo, Davey D, Dex Beats, Gene Boggs, Iconz, Left, Mike The Producer, Sean T, Traxamillion and Uncle Steve. It features guest appearances from 18, Bailey, Boo Banger, Chops, Cozmo, Homewrecka, Lil' Quinn, Mistah F.A.B., PSD Tha Drivah, Too $hort and Willy Hen.

The album did not make it to the US *Billboard* 200, however, it peaked at number 47 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 20 on the Top Rap Albums and number 24 on the Heatseekers Albums.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Boy to a Man (Intro)" | Dex Beats | 3:30 |
| 2. | "They're All Waitin' on Me" | Cozmo | 5:02 |
| 3. | "Wind It Up" | Iconz | 4:25 |
| 4. | "Double Dose of Gangsta" (featuring CHOPS) | CHOPS | 3:46 |
| 5. | "Rockin' Up Work" | Dex Beats | 3:31 |
| 6. | "Reinforced Steel" (featuring P.S.D. Tha Drivah and Cozmo) | Davey D | 4:27 |
| 7. | "We All Gone Eat" | Davey D | 4:04 |
| 8. | "My Brother" (featuring Bailey) | Automatic | 4:17 |
| 9. | "Upside Down" | * Gene Boggs * Uncle Steve | 3:34 |
| 10. | "Dreamin' of Riches" (featuring Homewrecka) | Big D The Impossible | 4:08 |
| 11. | "3rd Eye" | Dex Beats | 3:40 |
| 12. | "Catch a Body" (featuring Boo Banga) | Automatic | 4:31 |
| 13. | "Billionaire (What We Call Livin')" (featuring Lil' Quinn) | * Big D The Impossible * Davey D * Mike The Producer | 2:40 |
| 14. | "Ready to Go" (featuring Willy Hen) | * Davey D * Mike The Producer | 3:00 |
| 15. | "One of Them Gangstas" (featuring 18) | Sean T | 4:22 |
| 16. | "My Zone" | Dex Beats | 3:37 |
| 17. | "Devotion" (featuring Too Short, Mistah F.A.B. and CHOPS) | CHOPS | 4:03 |
| 18. | "Do Ya' Thizzle" | Traxamillion | 3:17 |
| 19. | "Kill the Connect" | Left | 4:15 |

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 47 |
| US Top Rap Albums (*Billboard*) | 20 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 24 |

## InfoBox

| From a Boy to a Man | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by San Quinn | |
| Released | September 16, 2008 (2008-09-16) |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Label |  |
| Producer | * Automatic * Big D The Impossible * CHOPS * Cozmo * Davey D * Dex Beats * Gene Boggs * Iconz * Left * Mike The Producer * Sean T * Traxamillion * Uncle Steve |
| San Quinn chronology | |
| *Extreme Danger*
(2007) ***From a Boy to a Man***
(2008) *Welcome to Scokland*
(2008) | |


title: Timia protuberans

abstract: Timia protuberans is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Timia of the family Ulidiidae.

text:
# Timia protuberans

***Timia protuberans*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Timia* of the family Ulidiidae.

## InfoBox

| *Timia protuberans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Timia* |
| Species: | ***T. protuberans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timia protuberans***<br>Becker, 1906 | |
|


title: Fruela (usurper)

abstract: Fruela was briefly the king of Asturias in 866 after usurping the throne from Alfonso III.

text:
# Fruela (usurper)

**Fruela** (or **Froila**) was briefly the king of Asturias in 866 after usurping the throne from Alfonso III.

## Events

Prior to seizing the throne, Fruela was a count in or of Galicia. There he presided over a legal hearing in Lugo on 5 June 861. The hearing took place "in the presence of the lord count Fruela \[and he\] adjudicated it". He later got into a legal dispute over the villa of Carcacía with the diocese of Iria Flavia. After assuming power, he confiscated the land in question.

When Ordoño I died on 27 May 866, his son Alfonso, either fourteen or eighteen years old, succeeded him. A charter issued by Alfonso on 18 June 866 attests to his succession. Sometime after that date, Fruela seized the throne and forced Alfonso into exile in Castile or Álava. Within a few months, the usurper had been assassinated in Oviedo. Alfonso's restoration had taken place by 20 January 867, when he restored to Iria Flavia the land that Fruela had confiscated. This charter was confirmed by Count Rodrigo of Castile, who had evidently returned with Alfonso to Oviedo. He may have had a role in defeating Fruela.

## Sources

The usurpation of Fruela is not recorded in the *Chronicle of Alfonso III*, a historical compilation ordered by Alfonso III towards the end of his reign, although Alfonso's charter of January 867 makes oblique reference to it: "the villa of Carcacía, which \[belonged\] by reason to the church in Iria and that of Saint Eulalia, that the unfortunate Fruela seized for himself." It is mentioned in the work of Sampiro, writing in the early 11th century, and from Sampiro it was incorporated into the 12th-century *Historia Silense*. The fullest and earliest account, however, is found in the *Chronicle of Albelda*. This was written around 881:

> Alfonso, the son of Ordoño, assumed the kingship in his eighteenth year. In the first flower of his adolescence—in the first year of his kingship and the eighteenth since his birth—he was deprived of his rule as the result of a rebellion by the apostate count of Galicia, Fruela. The king left for Castile. After a short time, this same rebel and unfortunate king, Fruela, was killed by those faithful to our prince in Oviedo, and the glorious young man was brought back from Castile.

Sampiro (and the *Historia Silense*) gives Fruela the patronymic surname "Jemúndez", implying that he had a father named Jemundo. "Jemúndez" may, however, be an error for Vermúdez, meaning son of Vermudo. The given name Fruela was used by the ruling dynasty of Asturias, suggesting that Fruela may have been a distant royal relative. Sampiro also refers to Fruela as a "son of perdition", a reference to Judas Iscariot:

> Alfonso, son of the lord Ordoño, succeeded in the kingdom. He was warlike, and in all skills well trained. Upon his entry into the kingship, being fourteen years of age, a son of perdition, a certain Fruela Jemúndez, from the Galician regions came to claim the kingdom, which did not belong to him. But the king Alfonso, upon hearing this, retreated to the region of Álava. But the nefarious Fruela himself was killed by the noblemen \[or senate\] of Oviedo. Hearing this, the king returned to his own and was joyously received.

The *Chronicon Lusitanum* repeats the *Chronicle of Albelda* almost word for word, but agrees with Sampiro about Alfonso's age in 866:

> In the first year of his reign and fourteenth since his birth, the apostate Fruela, count of Galicia, deprived him of the kingdom by usurpation.

Notes Bibliography  * Carriedo Tejedo, Manuel (1993–94). "Nacimiento, matrimonio y muerte de Alfonso III el Magno" (PDF). *Asturiensia Medievalia*. **7**: 129–45.
* Collins, Roger (2012). *Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796–1031*. London: Wiley Blackwell.
* Gómez-Moreno, Manuel (1921). *Introducción a la Historia silense, con versión castellana de la misma y de la Crónica de Sampiro*. Madrid.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Martin, Georges (2011). "Linaje y legitimidad en la historiografía regia hispana de los siglos IX al XIII". *E-Spania*. **11**. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
* Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (1993). "Los condados altomedievales: Castilla, Monzón y Carrión". *Repoblación y reconquista: Actas del III Curso de Cultura Medieval, Aguilar de Campoo, septiembre de 1991*. Fundación Santa María la Real Centro de Estudios del Románico. pp. 115–26. ISBN 84-600-8664-X.
* Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005). *El Condado de Castilla (711–1038): La historia frente a la leyenda*. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León. ISBN 84-9718-275-8.
* Portela, Ermelindo (2015). "The Making of Galicia in Feudal Spain (1065–1157)". In James D'Emilio (ed.). *Culture and Society in Medieval Galicia: A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe*. Leiden: Brill. pp. 367–99.
* Wolf, Kenneth Baxter (2012). "The Kings of Asturias: *Chronicle of Albelda*". In Constable, Olivia Remie; Zurro, Damian (eds.). *Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources* (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 67–74.


title: Frufällan

abstract: Frufällan is a locality situated in Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 917 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Frufällan

**Frufällan** is a locality situated in Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 917 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Frufällan | |
| --- | --- |
| FrufällanFrufällan | |
| Coordinates: 57°47′N 12°58′E / 57.783°N 12.967°E / 57.783; 12.967 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Västergötland |
| County | Västra Götaland County |
| Municipality | Borås Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.03 km2 (0.40 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 917 |
| Density | 893/km2 (2,310/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |