title: Weidner Communications

abstract: Weidner Communications Inc. was founded by Stephen Weidner in 1977 and marketed the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing System.

text:
# Weidner Communications

**Weidner Communications Inc.** was founded by Stephen Weidner in 1977 and marketed the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing System.

## History

In conjunction with its introduction to the market, the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing System was first reported on in 1978 in the *Wall Street Journal* as “Quadrupling Translation Volume” and the *Deseret News* as “halving translation costs and of increasing output by at least 400 percent.”

This new technology was demonstrated to translation experts on September 12, 1978, at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. Thomas Bauman and Leland Wright of the American Translators Association who had arrived on September 11, 1978, in Provo, Utah to view a demonstration of the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing System. After attending the demonstration Thomas Bauman said, “I’ve never been so converted to anything so fast in my life.” He subsequently extended an invitation for Wydner to attend the annual meeting of the American Translators Association that following October where the Weidner Machine Translation System hailed a hoped-for breakthrough in machine translation. (Geoffrey Kingscott, 1992)

The Weidner "Multi-Lingual Word Processing System" is based on the research and work of Bruce Wydner, as demonstrated in his copyrighted text books. The Fastest Way To Learn Spanish Is To See IT! (Learn to read Spanish in 24 hours) ©1971 and 1975. This technology is the basis of the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing System, and was programmed for processing human languages on the low-cost computers of the late 1970s and as part of machine translation and word processing software today.

The Weidner Engine works by mapping the approximately 460,000 words in the English Dictionary (as in other target languages) to 10,000 "Root" words/thoughts (an Interlingual Lexicon). Additionally, inflected, conjugated word changes and endings are automatically parsed from the root words by a parsing engine, then associated to a specific word type by language rules based on the sense of sight. Each word (or expression) is parsed, compared to the spell-check lexicon and mapped to the interlingual lexicon for subsequent translation to the target language. If the target language is the same as the inputted language the language rules result is a word processed document in the original language. Tools included an aid for spelling and alternate word look-up.

Translated experts at the Commission of the European Union, said that this (to them) "new translation system" of Bruce Wydner "renewed" their "hope" for Machine Translation that would lead them to "Better Translation for Better Communication." (G. Van Slype, 1983)

## Translation Associates and Eyring Research Institute

The company responsible for the production of the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing System included Bruce Wydner and his friends (Warren Davidson, Dale Miller, and Lowell Randall) who formed, the Inns of the Temple, Inc., a 501(c)3 Corporation, dba Translation Associates.

Bruce Wydner (who legally had his last name changed to be pronounced properly), representing his company, made an exclusive marketing contract with his brother Stephen Weidner, the contract restricted the transfer of any development rights to his brother's company, and Bruce Wydner made a 15-year non-compete non-circumvent contract with Eyring Research Institute in Provo, Utah to engage their computing services in the creation of the Weidner Multi-lingual Word Processor, and for the programming skills of Eyring's bi-lingual programmer employee Bruce Bastian, Bruce Wydner paid Eyring Research Institute $25.00/hr for programming time of which $5.00/hr went to pay Bastian.

## Machine translation

In 1982 Stephen Weidner began to have financial problems over a Research and Development Tax Shelter he had created, as a result Weidner Communications Inc. suffered, disputes over Weidner's assets were taken to court. In 1984 Stephen Weidner's original Company was purchased by Bravis International, one of Japan's largest translation companies, as part of a settlement of the court ordered liquidation of Weidner Communication's assets, but Weidner Communications Inc. still maintained offices in Chicago and in Paris. During the mid-1980s Weidner Communications, Inc., (WCC), was the largest translation company by sales volume in the United States. (Margaret M. Perscheid, 1985) Later the Japanese sold Wydner's technology to Intergraph Corporation of Alabama who later sold it to Transparent Language, Inc. of New Hampshire.

Bruce Wydner, the principal agent for the Inns of the Temple Inc., that retained the research and development rights to the Weidner Multi-lingual Word Processor, separated himself from his brother in early 1979 and no longer supplied any updated software developments. Weidner had offended his brother over a matter of having Eyring Research Institute send their bi-lingual employee to remove Wydners intellectual property from his home, of which Wydner claims was stolen from him. (Wydner vs Novell, WordPerfect, Ashton, Bastan, et al., 2003)

### SDL International, Enterprise Translation Server

The Weidner Engine is the basis of the website freetranslation.com.

The original Weidner Engine was recently (2001) bought by SDL International of London, England.

### Lionbridge, iTranslator

A copy of the Weidner Multi-Lingual Word Processing software was requested by the German Government for the Siemens Corporation of Germany in September 1980 and was nicknamed the Siemens-Weidner Engine (originally English-German). This revolutionary multi-lingual word processing engine became foundational in the development of the Metal MT project according to John White of the Siemens Corporation. (The Deseret News, Friday, Aug. 22, 1980.)

After the Metal MT development Rights to the Siemens-Weidner Engine were sold to a Belgium company, Lernout & Hauspie.

The Siemens copy of the Weidner Multi-lingual Word Processing software has since been acquired through the purchase of assets of Lernout & Hauspie by Bowne Global Solutions, Inc., which was later acquired by Lionbridge Technologies, Inc. and is demonstrated in their itranslator software.

## Word Processing

### Microsoft Word

Lernout & Hauspie sold a copy of Wydner's language technology (The Siemens/Weidner Engine) aka Lernout and Hauspie Speech Products N.V. to the Microsoft Corporation to be used in Microsoft Word.

### WordPerfect

Eyring Research Institute was a development bed to Bruce Bastian (co-founder of WordPerfect) who was one of the original programmer helpers for Bruce Wydner in the production of the original Weidner Spanish-English Multi-lingual Word Processor, a foundation to the Wordperfect Mono-lingual Word Processor, produced first for English then for Spanish. (Utah Weekly, 2003)

Ronald G. Hansen, the President of the Eyring Research Institute, reportedly asked Bruce Wydner the following in 1978: "Bruce Bastian says that this Multilingual Wordprocessor of yours has a lot more uses than just translating languages. He says that it could be used to produce monolingual word processors and wants to know if you will let him do that." (Utah Weekly, 2003)

Alan Ashton said that, “Bruce Bastian did all of the formatting of the Word Processor Program, the main part of the Program that makes it work so well." That Format was expressed in that 1989 WordPerfect Users Manual as, "If you want to compose the Rules to process all of the words in a language, you must start with the Rules to process the most-used words."

### Intelligent Systems Technology (ARPA) and (SISTO)

Eyring Research Institute was instrumental to the U.S. Air Force Missile Directorate at Hill Air Force Base near Ogden, Utah to produce in top military secrecy, the Intelligent Systems Technology Software that was foundational to the later named Reagan Star Wars program.

After the ALPAC Report in 1966, President David O. McKay of the LDS Church, apparently, approached one US Government operation that continued seeking the technological advances in Human Language Technology, the Missile Directorate of the US Air Force, at Hill Air Force Base, to fund the transfer, in Top Military Secrecy, of any such technological advances, from the BYU Linguistics Department's Project to ERI facilities, in order for it to try to take any Human Language Technology from there to make it, through collaboration with the US Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and its Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office (SISTO), into Missile Guidance Software that would be superior to any producible by the Soviet Union. (Cleo Harmon, 1999)

## Sources

* Natural Language Computing: The commercial applications, Tim Johnson, Published by Ovum Ltd, London, 1985 ISBN 0-903969-22-X
* A survey of the translation market, present and future, prepared for the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation by Bureau Marcel van Dijk, Brussels PA Conseiller de Direction, Paris, Authors G. Van Slype (Bureau Marcel van Dijk) J. F. Guinet (PA) F. Seitz (PA) E. Benegam (PACTEL) 1983 ECSC, EEC EAEC Luxembourg, ISBN 978-0-08-030534-9, EUR 7720EN,
* A lunch with Bruce Wydner, Geoffrey Kingscott, Language International, John Benjamins Publishing Co., Amsterdam - The Netherlands, 4/4, April, 1992 http://www.mt-archive.info/jnl/LangInt-1992-Wydner.pdf
* The Life of Frank Carlyle Harmon (1905–1997), Compiled by his wife, Cleo Harman Edited by Bliss J. Hansen, Published by Family Footprints, 1999, p. 150 ASIN: B000I8VR9C
* California Firm to Unveil a Computer That Processes Words for Translators, Richard A. Shaffer, Wall Street Journal, October 24, 1978
* Provo researchers help perfect a computer-translator, Arnold Irving, The Deseret News, Oct. 31, 1978
* Germans visit Utah to see language translation unit, Richard Nash, The Deseret News, Aug. 21, 1980
* Machine Translation: its History, Current Status, and Future Prospects, Jonathan Slocum, Siemens Communications Systems, Inc., Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 1984, http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P84/P84-1116.pdf
* The Fastest Way to Learn Spanish is to See IT!, by Spanish New Learning Center, Hawkes Publishing Inc., 1975, ISBN 0-89036-083-9
* Wydner vs Novell, WordPerfect, Ashton, Bastan, et al., 2003
* Twenty years of Translating and the Computer, John Hutchins, 1998 http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/Aslib-1998.pdf
* Practical Experience of Machine Translation, Veronica Lawson, North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1982
* Machine Translation Today; The State of the Art, Margaret King, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland 1984
* Machine Translation; Past, Present, Future, W. J. Hutchins, Ellis Norwood Limited, Chichester, England, 1986
* Machine Translation, Ian Pigott, Commission of the European Communities, Luxemburg, XIII-84 IP, November 1991.
* Language Software and Technology, Report by Michael Quinlan, President of Transparent Language to LDS Church, New Hampshire, www.transparent.com, March 8, 2000
* COMPUTER-AIDED TRANSLATION AT WCC, Margaret M. Perscheid, CALICO Journal, Volume 3 Number 1, https://calico.org/a-273-ComputerAided%20Translation%20At%20WCC.html
* Analyse des Systems zur computergestützten Übersetzung Weidner – Version Französisch-Englisch 2.5, http://www.dialog-translations.com/bilder/Diplomarbeit%20Hans%20Christian%20von%20Steuber.pdf
* Michael G. Hundt: Working with the Weidner machine-aided translation system, in: Veronica Lawson (Hg): Translating and the computer 4 - Practical experience with machine translation, London, 1982
* Trial of the Weidner computer-assisted translation system, Translation Bureau Canada, Project No. 5-5462, 1985
* Wydner Invention Fulfills "Prophecy" of LDS "Mormon" Church Presidents, by US-Oregon Observer staff Special to the Utah Weekly, The Utah Weekly, Thursday, March 27, 2003, Vol. 2, Num. 4
* WCC's translation bureau, Henrietta Pons, Veronica Lawson 1982
* Ulla Magnusson-Murray: Operational experience of a machine translation service, in Veronica Lawson (Hg): Translating and the computer 5 - Tools for the trade, London 1983, S.171-180; Tim Johnson ebd:283-286
* Machine Translation: its History, Current Status, and Future Prospects, Jonathan Slocum, Siemens Communications Systems, Inc., Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas


title: Usaramo

abstract: The Usaramo was the first German passenger ship built after World War I and named after a location in the central highlands of German East Africa. She had a crew of 107, could carry 264 passengers and was powered by steam turbine. Her building number was 389 and her home port was Hamburg. Her sister ships were the Ussukuma of the Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie and the Wangoni of the Woermann-Linie. She was launched in 1920 at the Hamburg shipyard of Blohm + Voss and entered service with the Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie the following year. On 6 August 1936, 18 days after the start of the Spanish Civil War, the Usaramo arrived at Cadiz on a secret mission, with a load of 16 aircraft, including a single Ju 87 A-0 with allocated serial number 29-1 that was assigned to the VJ/88, the experimental Staffel of the Condor Legion's fighter wing; along with 30 antiaircraft guns, ammunition and supplies that were hurriedly carried by train to Seville. In 1938, Austrian author Franziska Tausig acquired two tickets for the Usaramo, a ship that was supposed to be scrapped in Japan, which transported Jews to Shanghai on the way. In October 1940, she was requisitioned by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine and apparently used as an accommodation ship. On 10 December 1940 the ship was bombed and sunk at Bordeaux, was refloated but sunk again on 25 August 1944 during an airstrike in the Gironde estuary. The ship was lifted and scrapped after the end of the war.

text:
# Usaramo

The ***Usaramo*** was the first German passenger ship built after World War I and named after a location in the central highlands of German East Africa (now Tanzania). She had a crew of 107, could carry 264 passengers and was powered by steam turbine. Her building number was 389 and her home port was Hamburg. Her sister ships were the *Ussukuma* of the *Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie* and the *Wangoni* of the Woermann-Linie.

She was launched in 1920 at the Hamburg shipyard of Blohm + Voss and entered service with the Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie the following year. On 6 August 1936, 18 days after the start of the Spanish Civil War, the *Usaramo* arrived at Cadiz on a secret mission, with a load of 16 aircraft, including a single Ju 87 A-0 (the V4 prototype) with allocated serial number 29-1 that was assigned to the VJ/88, the experimental Staffel of the Condor Legion's fighter wing; along with 30 antiaircraft guns, ammunition and supplies that were hurriedly carried by train to Seville.

In 1938, Austrian author Franziska Tausig acquired two tickets for the *Usaramo*, a ship that was supposed to be scrapped in Japan, which transported Jews to Shanghai on the way.

In October 1940, she was requisitioned by Nazi Germany's *Kriegsmarine* and apparently used as an accommodation ship. On 10 December 1940 the ship was bombed and sunk at Bordeaux, was refloated but sunk again on 25 August 1944 during an airstrike in the Gironde estuary. The ship was lifted and scrapped after the end of the war.

## Bibliography

* Arnold Kludas: *Die Schiffe der deutschen Afrika-Linien 1880 bis 1945*. Verlag Gerhard Stalling, 1975, ISBN 3-7979-1867-4
* Claus Rothe: *Deutsche Ozean-Passagierschiffe 1919 bis 1985*. Steiger Verlag, 1987, ISBN 3-921564-97-2

1. Arnold Kludas, p. 11
2. Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon 1920, Vol III, page 595
3. *USUKUMA* \- map of the location after which the ship was named.
4. "FAQs – Softonic Corporate".
5. Claus Rothe, p. 47

## InfoBox

| SS *Usaramo* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name | ***Usaramo*** |
| Owner | Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie |
| Route | Europe-Africa |
| Builder | Blohm + Voss |
| Launched | 2 October 1920 |
| Completed | 1921 |
| Fate | Sunk 1944 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Steamship |
| Tonnage | 7,758 GRT |
| Installed power | Steam |
| Propulsion | Single screw |
| Capacity | 264 passengers |
| Crew | 107 |


title: Indiagama

abstract: Indiagama is an extinct genus of agamid lizard known from the type species Indiagama gujarata from the early Eocene of India. Indiagama was named in 2013 on the basis of a single lower jaw from the Cambay Shale in Gujarat. The rectangular shape of its teeth distinguish it from all other agamids, living and extinct.

text:
# Indiagama

***Indiagama*** is an extinct genus of agamid lizard known from the type species ***Indiagama gujarata*** from the early Eocene of India. *Indiagama* was named in 2013 on the basis of a single lower jaw from the Cambay Shale in Gujarat. The rectangular shape of its teeth distinguish it from all other agamids, living and extinct.

## InfoBox

| *Indiagama*
Temporal range: Ypresian
~ | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Agamidae |
| Genus: | *Indiagama*
Rana *et al.*, 2013 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Indiagama gujarata***
Rana *et al.*, 2013 | |


title: Mill Creek (Whitethorn Creek tributary)

abstract: Mill Creek is a 9.74 mi (15.68 km) long 3rd order tributary to Whitethorn Creek in Pittsylvania County, Virginia.

text:
# Mill Creek (Whitethorn Creek tributary)

**Mill Creek** is a 9.74 mi (15.68 km) long 3rd order tributary to Whitethorn Creek in Pittsylvania County, Virginia.

## Course

Mill Creek rises about 2 miles south of Whittles, Virginia and then flows generally east to join Whitethorn Creek about 1 mile east of Coles Hill.

## Watershed

Mill Creek drains 11.02 square miles (28.5 km2) of area, receives about 45.6 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 426.60, and is about 50% forested.

## InfoBox

| Mill Creek
Tributary to Whitethorn Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Mill Creek mouthMill Creek (Whitethorn Creek tributary) (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Pittsylvania |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Little Cherrystone Creek divide |
| location | about 2 miles south of Whittles, Virginia |
| coordinates | 36°51′35″N 079°23′42″W / 36.85972°N 79.39500°W / 36.85972; -79.39500 |
| elevation | 760 ft (230 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | about 1 mile east of Coles Hill, Virginia |
| coordinates | 36°52′34″N 079°16′27″W / 36.87611°N 79.27417°W / 36.87611; -79.27417 |
| elevation | 515 ft (157 m) |
| Length | 9.74 mi (15.68 km) |
| Basin size | 11.02 square miles (28.5 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Whitethorn Creek |
| average | 14.50 cu ft/s (0.411 m3/s) at mouth with Whitethorn Creek |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Whitethorn CreekBanister RiverDan RiverRoanoke RiverAlbemarle SoundPamlico SoundAtlantic Ocean |
| River system | Roanoke River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Poplar Branch |
| right | unnamed tributaries |
| Bridges | Strader Road, Payneton Road, Chalk Level Road, Coles Road |


title: Lake Xau

abstract: Lake Xau is a lake that is sometimes a dry lakebed in Botswana. It is fed by the Boteti River and the Okavango Delta. The lake has been described as "when it holds water,... one of the most important wetlands for waterfowl in Southern Africa".

text:
# Lake Xau

**Lake Xau** is a lake that is sometimes a dry lakebed in Botswana. It is fed by the Boteti River and the Okavango Delta. The lake has been described as "when it holds water, ... one of the most important wetlands for waterfowl in Southern Africa".

## InfoBox

| Lake Xau | |
| --- | --- |
| Lake XauLake Xau | |
| Location | Botswana |
| Coordinates | 21°18′S 24°46′E / 21.300°S 24.767°E / -21.300; 24.767 |
| Primary inflows | Boteti River and the Okavango Delta |


title: Karen Stintz

abstract: Karen Stintz is a Canadian politician who represented Ward 16 Eglinton—Lawrence on Toronto City Council from 2003 to 2014 and was the chair of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) from 2010 to 2014. She is the Conservative candidate in Eglinton—Lawrence in the next Canadian federal election.

text:
# Karen Stintz

**Karen Stintz** (born November 2, 1971) is a Canadian politician who represented Ward 16 Eglinton—Lawrence on Toronto City Council from 2003 to 2014 and was the chair of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) from 2010 to 2014. She is the Conservative candidate in Eglinton—Lawrence in the next Canadian federal election.

## Background

Karen Stintz is the only child of Henry Stintz, a NASA engineer, and Barbara Stintz. She was brought up in Toronto, and studied for her BA at the University of Western Ontario. She subsequently obtained a Master of Science in journalism from Boston University, and a Master of Public Administration from Queen's University. Before she became a councillor, she worked in the healthcare sector.

Stintz is married to software executive Darryl Parisien. She and her husband live in the Lawrence Park neighbourhood with their two children.

## Political career

In March 2009, Stintz came under some scrutiny when it was revealed that she spent $4,500 of her councillor's office budget on voice lessons. She did so after being told "she speaks too fast and that her message is being lost as a result." She said that the lessons improved her speaking during council meetings.

In 2009, Stintz was one of the leaders of the Responsible Government Group centre-right caucus on City Council which opposed the policies of Mayor David Miller. The group opposed Mayor Miller's handling of the 2009 city workers’ strike.

As the City Councillor for Ward 16, Stintz initiated and supported a wide array of initiatives to improve the community of Eglinton-Lawrence. To deter graffiti, Ward 16's youth were recruited to create murals in the Anne Rawson Laneway, Duplex Parkette and Eglinton Park field house. When a development was proposed at 1717 Avenue Road, urban design guidelines were created. This established the framework needed for constructive dialogue for development in the community. By supporting Orchard View Pedestrian Square, Stintz not only assisted in bringing increased pedestrian safety to a dangerous intersection, but found a new home for the local farmers market. This Square has received "overwhelming positive support". With the "Can the Trash Contest", students from schools across the ward were asked to create posters that illustrated the various reasons for why we should all "can the trash." When disagreements arose from the use of public spaces, Stintz played an active role in resolving the issues. This included finding equitable ice time for those who use the ice rinks in North Toronto, finding space for dog owners to walk their dogs off-leash in a way that did not interfere with other residents and being part of the revitalization of the parks in Ward 16.

In April 2009, Stintz accused Mayor David Miller of lying during a debate about payroll costs. Miller said "I know a group of you went up to see the minister and... asked for a $25,000 grant in order to study political parties in the city of Toronto,". Stintz retorted, "I'm actually shocked that you would... so blatantly lie,". Stintz later produced a document addressed to Municipal Affairs Minister Jim Watson and titled, *Next Steps for the Strong Mayor Model in the Toronto Context*. A spokesman for the minister said the request was for a "study of city hall governance that would have included a look at political parties."

### Chair of the Toronto Transit Commission

In 2010, Stintz was appointed to the position as chair of the Toronto Transit Commission with the support of Mayor Rob Ford.

During her time as chair, the TTC introduced a "Customer Charter" which included: posting performance reports on TTC surface routes, an annual TTC Town Hall, 6 Twitter Town Halls per year and 5 "Meet the Manager" events where customers can engage with senior TTC staff. As Chair, 153 articulated buses were added to the fleet and new subway cars were placed on the Yonge-University-Spadina line. Customer service operating hours were extended to make assistance available 7 days a week from 7am-10pm. A new position of "TTC Station Manager" was created to improve accountability to customers while more next vehicle arrival screens and debit and credit card payment systems were made available. In addition, a suicide prevention program was launched with the help of Toronto Distress Centres and Bell Canada and she oversaw the approval of Presto's introduction to the TTC. The TTC also began the introduction of WiFi services in its stations.

During her time as chair, the TTC also approved a number of measures to improve the commission's fiscal imbalance. The TTC made decisions to balance its budget while also reducing the government subsidy received by 10%. This included a process to realign services to match revenue and negotiating new fuel contracts to save the TTC $23.5 million between 2010-2012 and an estimated $30 million from 2013–2014. By agreeing to a new benefits package, and reducing administrative staff, an additional $18.5 million was saved while Stintz served as Chair. By successfully contracting out bus and washroom cleaning services and leasing the Toronto Coach Terminal, a further $4.9 million was saved.

### Restructuring TTC board

Stintz successfully moved a motion in March 2012 at City Council to remove 5 City councillors from the TTC Board, who were all Rob Ford supporters,( Vincent Crisanti, Frank Di Giorgio, Norm Kelly, Cesar Palacio and Denzil Minnan-Wong ). The 5 councillors, who constituted a majority of the TTC Board, had voted to terminate the services of the TTC General Manager Gary Webster.

Toronto City Council expanded the TTC Board in 2012, on Stintz' recommendation, from nine councillors to an 11-member body with seven councillors plus four citizen members.

### *Undercover Boss*

Concerned about budget cuts and negative public perception of the TTC, Stintz revealed on an episode of the show *Undercover Boss* that aired February 16, 2012 on W Network that she had gone undercover at the TTC for a week in 2011. Changing her appearance and posing as "Ruth Bear", a newly hired TTC trainee, she shadowed a subway train operator, an upholsterer, a station caretaker, and a night shift bus serviceperson, trying each of their respective jobs (for the subway operator, she used a simulator instead). Afterward, she revealed her true identity to those employees, that she understood and valued their work, and their ideas on how TTC riders could help them. She had hoped to gain an idea what could be cut and what should not be, and saw the front-line employees as the best source.

### 2014 mayoral race

On October 27, 2013, Stintz announced that she would run for mayor in 2014. She said, "I believe in the fiscal agenda of Rob Ford, but I worry that another four years of Rob Ford may not move the city forward. And I want to continue to build our city." After stepping down as TTC chair in February, registered as a candidate on February 24, 2014. Her campaign focused on fighting congestion, creating safe neighbourhoods and building strong communities. Some of her proposals are a "downtown relief subway line, reform the land transfer tax, \[and\] a joint Toronto-U.S. bid for the 2026 World Cup and explore a 'hybrid' solution for the eastern part of the Gardiner Expressway." On August 21, 2014 Stintz announced she was dropping out of the race and would not seek re-election as city councillor.

## Later career

In late August 2014, after withdrawing from the mayoral election, Stintz expressed interest in becoming commissioner of the Canadian Football League. In 2015, she was appointed as executive director of the nonprofit arts service organization ArtsBuild Ontario. In November 2015, Stintz was named president and CEO of the Ontario chapter of the Variety Village children's charity. She remains in that capacity as of July 2023. In 2024, Stintz sought the Conservative Party of Canada nomination in her home riding of Eglinton-Lawrence. She was nominated despite allegations from members of the riding association that the party interfered in her favour.

## InfoBox

| Karen Stintz | |
| --- | --- |
| Councillor Karen Stintz, 2012 | |
|  | |
| Toronto City Councillor
for Ward 16 Eglinton—Lawrence | |
| **In office**
December 1, 2003  December 1, 2014 | |
| Preceded by | Anne Johnston |
| Succeeded by | Christin Carmichael Greb |
| Chair of the Toronto Transit Commission | |
| **In office**
December 1, 2010  February 19, 2014 | |
| Preceded by | Adam Giambrone |
| Succeeded by | Maria Augimeri |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Karen Ruth Stintz
(1971-11-02) November 2, 1971
North York, Ontario, Canada |
| Spouse | Darryl Parisien |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent(s) | Henry Stintz, Barbara Bear |
| Residence(s) | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Alma mater | University of Western Ontario (BA)
Boston University (MSc)
Queen's University (MPA) |
| Occupation |  |
|  | |


title: Fred Hembeck

abstract: Fred Hembeck is an American cartoonist best known for his parodies of characters from major American comic book publishers. His work has frequently been published by the firms whose characters he spoofs. His characters are always drawn with curlicues at the elbows and knees. He often portrays himself as a character in his own work, in the role of "interviewer" of various comic book characters. Interviewer Daniel Best has said of his work, "If you take your comic books seriously, and think that those characters are real, then you're probably not a fan of Hembeck."

text:
# Fred Hembeck

**Fred Hembeck** (born January 30, 1953) is an American cartoonist best known for his parodies of characters from major American comic book publishers. His work has frequently been published by the firms whose characters he spoofs. His characters are always drawn with curlicues at the elbows and knees. He often portrays himself as a character in his own work, in the role of "interviewer" of various comic book characters. Interviewer Daniel Best has said of his work, "If you take your comic books seriously, and think that those characters are real, then you're probably not a fan of Hembeck."

## Early life

Hembeck was born January 30, 1953. He grew up in Yaphank, Long Island.

## Career

Fresh out of college, and failing to get work as a traditional comic book artist, Hembeck developed a unique artistic style based on the version of himself he used to write illustrated letters to his college friends. Hembeck used this character to conduct comedic "interviews" with Spider-Man and the Flash, which he sent to the leading fan publication of the day, *The Buyer's Guide for Comic Fandom* (later known as the *Comics Buyer's Guide*). Much to his surprise, the submissions were published, and Hembeck's strip, called "Dateline: @!!?#", became a popular feature. The "best" of these strips were published in *Hembeck: The Best of Dateline: @!!?#*, put out by Eclipse Comics in 1979 and reprinted by FantaCo Enterprises in 1980.

From 1979 to 1981, Hembeck wrote and drew a 3-panel comic strip that appeared in the *Daily Planet* page of DC comic books. (The *Daily Planet* featured news on current and upcoming DC comics and answers to reader questions.)

From 1980 to 1983, FantaCo produced a series of black-and-white magazine-format books featuring Hembeck's stories and strips. Hembeck also contributed humor pieces to other FantaCo titles, including *Smilin’ Ed*, the *Chronicles* series, *Gates of Eden*, and *Alien Encounters*. Hembeck wrote and laid out the artwork for *Fantastic Four Roast* #1 (May 1982), a one-shot which commemorated the 20th anniversary of the *Fantastic Four* series.

### Marvel Age and Brother Voodoo

Hembeck was especially visible in the 1980s when his strips appeared regularly in *Marvel Age*, a Marvel Comics promotional magazine. Because Hembeck has a particular fascination with the minor Marvel Comics character Brother Voodoo, he regularly featured the character in the cartoons he drew each month in *Marvel Age*, generally depicting him as a lame character constantly trying (and failing) to get his own series. He introduced Brother Voodoo's sister and nephew: Sister Voodoo and Voodoo Chile.

When Brother Voodoo finally got his own solo story in *Marvel Super-Heroes* vol. 3 #1, Hembeck drew it, in a serious art style very different from his normal cartooning look.

In his cartoon in the final issue of *Marvel Age* Hembeck claimed he had only begun mocking Brother Voodoo because he had the character confused with an "even lamer" Silver Age character, DC's Brother Power the Geek.

### Other publications

Hembeck has also been published by First Comics, Krause Publications, Comic Shop News, Fantagraphics Books, Topps Comics, TwoMorrows Publishing, and Archie Comics.

Many of Hembeck's past strips are available through his website.

## Parody

Although most of Hembeck's work is itself parody, Hembeck and his drawing style have also been the subject of parody:

* In issue #3 of the first *Omega Men* series (drawn by Keith Giffen), a team member named "Humbek" appears, drawn in a style approximating that of Hembeck (as opposed to the more representational art of the rest of the issue). His thoughts reveal him to be an underground cartoonist exiled from his homeworld. Seconds later, he is killed by Lobo.
* Later in issue #307 of the second volume of the *Legion of Super-Heroes* (also drawn by Giffen), the words "I killed Fred Humbeck" appear in the filigree of a panel border.

## Bibliography

### FantaCo Hembeck series

* #1: *Hembeck: The Best of Dateline: @!!?#* (first published by Eclipse in 1979, reprinted with 8 new pages by FantaCo in 1980)
* #2: *Hembeck 1980* (1980)
* #3: *Abbott and Costello Meet the Bride of Hembeck* (1980)
* #4: *Bah, Hembeck!* (1980)
* #5: *The Hembeck File* (1981)
* #6: *Jimmy Olsen's Pal, Fred Hembeck* (1981)
* #7: *Dial H for Hembeck* (1983)

### DC

* *'Mazing Man* #7–10 (1986)

### Marvel

* *Fantastic Four Roast* (1982)
* *Spectacular Spider-Man* #86 (1984)
* *Fred Hembeck Destroys the Marvel Universe* (1989)
* *Fred Hembeck Sells the Marvel Universe* (1990)
* *Marvel Super-Heroes* vol. 3 #1 (1990)
* *Marvel Universe According to Hembeck* (2016) (collects *Fantastic Four Roast*, *Fred Hembeck Destroys the Marvel Universe*, *Fred Hembeck Sells the Marvel Universe*, *Spectacular Spider-Man* #86 and more)

### Image Comics

* *The Nearly Complete Essential Hembeck Archives Omnibus* (2008)—900-plus-page compilation of previously published strips and comics not owned by other companies, including all of the books published by FantaCo. Introduction by Stan Lee. ISBN 978-1-58240-872-9.

## Citations

## General and cited references

## InfoBox

| Fred Hembeck | |
| --- | --- |
| Fred Hembeck at the November 2008
Big Apple Con in Manhattan | |
| Born | Frederick George Hembeck
(1953-01-30) January 30, 1953
Yaphank, New York, US |
| Area(s) | Cartoonist, Writer, Penciller |
| Notable works | "Dateline:@#$%", *Dial H for Hembeck*, *Fantastic Four Roast*, *Fred Hembeck Destroys the Marvel Universe* |
| Awards | Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards "Favorite Fan Artist," 1982–1984 |


title: Hawker P.V.3

abstract: The Hawker P.V.3 was a British single-engined biplane fighter prototype of the 1930s. Only a single example was built, the Gloster Gladiator being selected instead to fulfill the requirement to which it was designed.

text:
# Hawker P.V.3

The **Hawker P.V.3** was a British single-engined biplane fighter prototype of the 1930s. Only a single example was built, the Gloster Gladiator being selected instead to fulfill the requirement to which it was designed.

## Design and development

In 1930 the British Air Ministry circulated a draft version of Specification F.7/30 for a heavily armed day and night fighter around likely manufacturers. The new fighter was to have a speed of at least 250 mph (400 km/h) and a good climb rate. As it was expected that the high speeds of both the fighter and its prospective targets would only allow short bursts of fire to hit the target, an armament of four Vickers machine guns was required, double that of earlier fighters. Although not a requirement of the specification, the Air Ministry encouraged the use of the new steam-cooled Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine.

To meet this requirement, Hawker Aircraft submitted two designs, one a monoplane and the other a biplane, but both were rejected by the Air Ministry when contracts were awarded for prototypes in 1932, orders going to Blackburn Aircraft (for its F.3) and Westland Aircraft (the Westland F.7/30). Despite this rejection, Hawker decided to construct a single example of its biplane design, the Hawker P.V.3 as a Private Venture without an Air Ministry order. The P.V.3, design of which was led by Hawker's Chief Designer Sidney Camm, was an enlarged development of Hawker's Fury fighter, powered by the preferred Goshawk. Like the Fury, it had an all-metal structure with fabric covered wings (which unlike the Fury were swept back), tail and aft fuselage, with a metal skinned forward fuselage. Steam condensers for the Goshawk engine were fitted in the upper wing, supplemented by a smaller retractable condenser under the fuselage. It had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with spats covering the mainwheels to reduce drag. Two machine guns were mounted at the top of the nose cowling, with two more machine guns mounted one on each side of the nose.

The P.V.3 made its maiden flight on 15 June 1934, piloted by George Bulman and powered by a 695 hp (518 kW) Goshawk II engine. Official trials of the F7/30 types were delayed until 1935 owing to problems with some of the other competitors, and Hawker used the delay to fit a slightly more powerful version of the Goshawk. While the P.V.3 was praised for its handling and performance during testing at RAF Martlesham Heath, no order resulted, as in the meantime Gloster's Gladiator, another Private Venture design, had been ordered into production. The Gladiator was powered by an air-cooled Bristol Mercury radial engine, and so avoided any need for a heavy and vulnerable steam condensor system.

## Specifications

*Data from* *Hawker Aircraft since 1920.*

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Length:** 28 ft 2 in (8.59 m)
* **Wingspan:** 34 ft 0 in (10.36 m)
* **Height:** 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m)
* **Wing area:** 290.5 sq ft (26.99 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 3,530 lb (1,601 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 4,670 lb (2,118 kg)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 4,850 lb (2,200 kg)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Rolls-Royce Goshawk B.43 steam-cooled V12 engine, 700 hp (520 kW)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 224 mph (360 km/h, 195 kn) at 14,000 ft (4,270 m)
* **Service ceiling:** 29,600 ft (9,000 m)
* **Time to altitude:** 4 min 20 s to 10,000 ft (3,050 m), 12 min 5 s to 20,000 ft (6,100 m)

**Armament**

Notes Bibliography * Bowyer, Michael J.F. *Interceptor Fighters for the Royal Air Force 1935–45*. Wellingborough, UK: Patrick Stephens Limited, 1984. ISBN 0-85059-726-9.
* Goulding, James. *Interceptor*. London: Ian Allan, 1986. ISBN 0-7110-1583-X.
* Lewis, Peter. *The British Fighter since 1912*. London:Putnam. Fourth edition, 1979. ISBN 0-370-10049-2.
* Mason, Francis K. *Hawker Aircraft since 1920*. London: Putnam, Third edition, 1991. ISBN 0-85177-839-9.
* Mason, Francis K. *The British Fighter since 1912*. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.

## InfoBox

| Hawker P.V.3 | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Type | Day and night fighter |
| Manufacturer | Hawker |
| Designer | Sydney Camm |
| Number built | 1 |
| History | |
| First flight | 15 June 1934 |


title: Gordon Hockley

abstract: Gordon Stanley Hockley was an Australian politician. He was born in Albury to motor mechanic Stanley Bertram Hockley and nurse Frances McIntosh. He attended local state schools and became a clerk with Victorian Railways in Melbourne from 1942 to 1945, before serving with the Royal Australian Navy from 1945 to 1972. He was a cook attached to an admiral's staff with the Commonwealth Occupation Forces in Japan, and then a lieutenant in charge of catering training. On 17 October 1947 he married Joyce Eileen Carne; they had four sons. On his return he was a lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy Emergency Reserve, and a catering manager at Royal Southern Memorial Hospital in Caulfield from 1972 to 1979. In 1979 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Bentleigh. He served until his retirement in 1988. Hockley died in 2002.

text:
# Gordon Hockley

**Gordon Stanley Hockley** (24 July 1926  11 May 2002) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Albury to motor mechanic Stanley Bertram Hockley and nurse Frances McIntosh. He attended local state schools and became a clerk with Victorian Railways in Melbourne from 1942 to 1945, before serving with the Royal Australian Navy from 1945 to 1972. He was a cook attached to an admiral's staff with the Commonwealth Occupation Forces in Japan, and then a lieutenant in charge of catering training. On 17 October 1947 he married Joyce Eileen Carne; they had four sons. On his return he was a lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy Emergency Reserve, and a catering manager at Royal Southern Memorial Hospital in Caulfield from 1972 to 1979. In 1979 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Bentleigh. He served until his retirement in 1988. Hockley died in 2002.

## InfoBox

| Gordon Hockley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
for Bentleigh | |
| **In office**
5 May 1979  1 October 1988 | |
| Preceded by | Bob Suggett |
| Succeeded by | Ann Barker |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Victoria |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Children | 4 |
|  | |


title: German submarine U-420

abstract: German submarine U-420 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for the Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down in the Danziger Werft as yard number 121, launched on 18 August 1942 and commissioned on 16 December the same year under Oberleutnant zur See Peter Högqvist. She then joined the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training before transferring to the 11th flotilla for operations.

text:
# German submarine U-420

**German submarine *U-420*** was a Type VIIC U-boat built for the Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down in the Danziger Werft as yard number 121, launched on 18 August 1942 and commissioned on 16 December the same year under *Oberleutnant zur See* Peter Högqvist. She then joined the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training before transferring to the 11th flotilla for operations.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. *U-420* had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). *U-420* was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

### First patrol

*U-420*'s first patrol involved her leaving Kiel on 12 June 1943 and arriving at Lorient in occupied France on 16 June 1943, having hugged the Norwegian coast and sailed around the north of Scotland. She then crossed the Atlantic, but was attacked on 3 July by a Canadian B-24 Liberator. The boat was hit by a Fido homing torpedo which killed two men and wounded a third. The boat sustained enough damage to force the patrol to be cut short.

### Second patrol and loss

Following a short transit voyage from Lorient to Brest, *U-420* set off on her second patrol on 9 October 1943. After 20 October, she was never heard from again and her fate remains an unsolved mystery.

### Previously recorded fate

A postwar assessment stated that *U-420* was sunk on October 26, 1943 in the North Atlantic at position 50°49′N 41°01′W / 50.817°N 41.017°W / 50.817; -41.017 by depth charges from a Canadian B-24 Liberator of RCAF Squadron 10/A. This attack was actually against *U-91*, inflicting no damage.

## Bibliography

* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary*. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945* \[*German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945*\]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
* Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). *U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels*. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

48°00′N 21°00′W / 48.000°N 21.000°W / 48.000; -21.000

## InfoBox

| *U-995*, a Type VIIC U-boat at the German naval memorial at Laboe which was almost identical to *U-420* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Nazi Germany | |
| Name | *U-420* |
| Ordered | 20 January 1941 |
| Builder | Danziger Werft AG, Danzig |
| Yard number | 121 |
| Laid down | 3 December 1941 |
| Launched | 18 August 1942 |
| Commissioned | 16 December 1942 |
| Fate | Missing in the North Atlantic since 20 October 1943 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type VIIC submarine |
| Displacement |  |
| Length |  |
| Beam | * 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a * 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull |
| Height | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
| Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power | * 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) * 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced * 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged |
| Range | * 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced * 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | * 230 m (750 ft) * Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft) |
| Complement | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |  |
| Identification codes: | M 49 312 |
| Commanders: | * *Oblt.z.S.* Hans-Jürgen Reese * 16 December 1942 – 20 October 1943 |
| Operations: | * 2 patrols: * 1st patrol: * a. 12 June – 16 July 1943 * b. 7 – 8 October 1943 * 2nd patrol: * 9 – 20 October 1943 |
| Victories: | None |


title: Rolf Blomberg

abstract: Rolf Blomberg was a Swedish explorer, non-fiction writer, photographer and producer of documentary films.

text:
# Rolf Blomberg

**Rolf Blomberg** (11 November 1912 – 8 December 1996) was a Swedish explorer, non-fiction writer, photographer and producer of documentary films.

## Biography

Blomberg was born in Stocksund, a district of the Danderyd Municipality, in Sweden. In 1934 he made his first travel to South America, where he visited Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands. During World War II he worked as a neutral war correspondent in Indonesia. He joined the resistance movement and helped people who were trapped in Japanese Internment camps.

After the war Blomberg returned to Ecuador where he visited the tribe of the Huaorani. In six expeditions he failed in his efforts to find the lost Treasure of the Llanganatis. In 1950 he discovered *Bufo blombergi* which is considered as one of the largest toad in the world.

In 1955 Blomberg became a member of The Explorers Club in New York followed by memberships in the Travellers Clubs of Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö in Sweden. Blomberg was married three times. The first time was in 1940 to the Swedish Karin Abdon. During the second world war, they travelled to Java, where on 19 May 1943 their son Rolf Staffan Blomberg was born. They separated after the war. Rolf Blomberg was twice married to Ecuadorian women. The first time to Emma Robinson who deceased in 1952 and the second time to artist Araceli Gilbert. In 1968 he moved to Ecuador, where he died in Quito on 8 December 1996.

Blomberg took about 35,000 photographes around the world. His Hasselblad camera was provided to him by Victor Hasselblad himself.

Blomberg produced 33 documentary features for the Swedish Television. He made films in Ecuador (including Galápagos), Indonesia, Australia, Colombia, Brazil, and Peru.

Rolf Blomberg wrote about 20 books and hundreds of articles which were published in magazines such as Life, Sea Frontiers, and the National Geographic Magazine. Many of his books were translated into several languages, including Spanish, English, Danish, Norwegian, Russian, Czech, Polish, and German. Three fourths of his publications dealt with the culture, nature and history of Ecuador.

Many social scientists around the world were influenced by Blomberg's work. His reports on human rights violations of ethnic groups served as inspiration for the establishing of organizations such as Cultural Survival in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs in Oslo.

## Bibliography (selected)

* 1939: *Underliga människor och underliga djur: strövtåg på Galapagos och i Amazonas*
* 1947: *Sydvart*
* 1949: *Vildar: en berättelse om aucaindianerna i Ecuador.*
* 1951: *Såna djur finns*
* 1952: *Ecuador: Andean Mosaic*
* 1956: *Guld att hämta*
* 1958: *Xavante: från sköna Rio till de dödas flod*
* 1964: *Människor i djungeln*
* 1966: *Rio Amazonas*
* 1968: *América del Sur y Central* with Jean Dorst
* 2005: *Blomberg Ecuador: Fotografías de Rolf Blomberg, 1934 a 1979*

## Filmography (selected)

* 1954: Anaconda
* 1957: Jangada


title: Karam Elahi Bandial

abstract: Karam Elahi Bandial is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2008 to May 2018.

text:
# Karam Elahi Bandial

**Karam Elahi Bandial** is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2008 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 1 May 1961 in Khushab.

He graduated in 1981 from Government College, Lahore and has a degree of Bachelor of Arts.

## Political career

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-40 (Khushab-II) in 2002 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful. He received 24,307 votes and lost the seat to Malik Saleh Muhammad Ganjial, a candidate of National Alliance.

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-40 (Khushab-II) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 26,494 votes and defeated Malik Hassan Nawaz Gunjial, an independent candidate.

He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency PP-40 (Khushab-II) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 45,854 votes and defeated Muhammad Saleh Muhammad Ganjial, an independent candidate.

## InfoBox

| Karam Elahi Bandial | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab | |
| **In office**
2008  31 May 2018 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-05-01) 1 May 1961
Khushab |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |
|  | |


title: Fred Heintz

abstract: Frederick John Heintz was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was killed at Ambon in World War II.

text:
# Fred Heintz

**Frederick John Heintz** (22 July 1913 – 20 February 1942) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was killed at Ambon in World War II.

## Career

### Fitzroy

Strictly speaking, he made his VFL debut for Fitzroy, against Collingwood, on 18 July 1931, when he was selected as 19th man; however, in those days, the 19th man in a VFL team only took the field to replace an injured player — and, because there were no Fitzroy injuries, Heintz, although selected, never took the field. He was selected, for a second time, in the Fitzroy team, on the half-forward flank, against Footscray, on 22 August 1931; he did play that day, and that's why some records show it as his debut, and others show it as his second game.

### Oakleigh

In 1934, he was cleared, by Fitzroy, to the VFA club Oakleigh, on the understanding that Oakleigh would release him back to Fitzroy if ever he was required there.

Fitzroy requested his return in 1937, just after the second VFA round of the season; yet, notwithstanding Fitzroy's request, Heintz did not play for Fitzroy again and, although missing seven VFA matches, he resumed playing for Oakleigh in round 9 (12 June) of the 1937 season.

In all, he played 57 games for Oakleigh, over five seasons (1934 to 1938), scoring 116 goals.

## Military service

He joined the Second AIF in June 1940. He died in active service.

Heintz … was part of the 2/21 Battalion Gull Force sent to the island of Ambon in the Banda Sea to defend key airfields and deep water harbours. A huge Japanese force invaded the island in January, 1942, with heavy Australian casualties, including 229 Diggers who were executed at the Laha airfield and others taken prisoner of war. Precise details of Heintz's death are not known and he was reported as "presumed" dead, the date of death recorded as February 20, 1942. Private Frederick John Heintz has no known grave and is commemorate at the Ambon Memorial, which takes the form of a shelter …

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Fred Heintz | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Frederick John Heintz | | |
| Nickname(s) | "Fatty" | | |
| Date of birth | (1913-07-22)22 July 1913 | | |
| Place of birth | Carlton, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 20 February 1942(1942-02-20) (aged 28) | | |
| Place of death | Ambon, Dutch East Indies | | |
| Original team(s) | Fitzroy Methodists / Oakleigh | | |
| Position(s) | Half forward flank | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1931–33 | Fitzroy | 14 (18) |
| 1934–38 | Oakleigh (VFA) | 57 (116) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1938. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: WREA-LP

abstract: WREA-LP is a radio station licensed to serve Holyoke, Massachusetts. The station is owned by Radio Redentor. It airs Spanish-language religious programming. The station was assigned the WREA-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on November 29, 2005. Another Spanish-language religious station, WLHZ-LP in Springfield, had also been assigned the 104.9 MHz frequency but in March 2008 received a construction permit from the FCC to relocate to 107.9 MHz to avoid interference with WREA-LP.

text:
# WREA-LP

**WREA-LP** (104.9 FM, "Radio Redentor") is a radio station licensed to serve Holyoke, Massachusetts. The station is owned by Radio Redentor. It airs Spanish-language religious programming.

The station was assigned the WREA-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on November 29, 2005.

Another Spanish-language religious station, WLHZ-LP in Springfield, had also been assigned the 104.9 MHz frequency but in March 2008 received a construction permit from the FCC to relocate to 107.9 MHz to avoid interference with WREA-LP.

## InfoBox

WREA-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 104.9 MHz |
| Branding | *Radio Redentor* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Spanish Religious |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Radio Redentor |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 134302 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 48 watts |
| HAAT | 43.1 meters (142 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 42°11′15″N 72°38′30″W / 42.18750°N 72.64167°W / 42.18750; -72.64167 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Webcast | radioredentor.net |


title: Philadelphus purpurascens

abstract:
Philadelphus purpurascens is a deciduous shrub native to Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China, growing in mixed forests, thickets and on mountain slopes. It is a shrub growing 1.5–4 metres tall. The leaves are ovate to elliptic, glabrous or sparsely villous along the veins. The flowers are produced in racemes of 5-7 (-9) together; the individual flowers are white, with a purple or dark brown calyx. Flowering is in spring or early summer. Three varieties are recognized by the Flora of China:
  - Philadelphus purpurascens var. szechuanensis
  - Philadelphus purpurascens var. purpurascens
  - Philadelphus purpurascens var. venustus

text:
# Philadelphus purpurascens

***Philadelphus purpurascens*** is a deciduous shrub native to Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China, growing in mixed forests, thickets and on mountain slopes.

It is a shrub growing 1.5–4 metres (4 ft 11 in – 13 ft 1 in) tall. The leaves are ovate to elliptic, glabrous or sparsely villous along the veins. The flowers are produced in racemes of 5-7 (-9) together; the individual flowers are white, with a purple or dark brown calyx. Flowering is in spring or early summer.

Three varieties are recognized by the *Flora of China*:

* *Philadelphus purpurascens* var. *szechuanensis*
* *Philadelphus purpurascens* var. *purpurascens*
* *Philadelphus purpurascens* var. *venustus*

## Cultivation

It is easy to grow in ordinary garden soil. It tolerates dry conditions and prefers full sun. Plants are tolerant of pruning and could be cut back every year after flowering to promote next years flowers. It is hardy to USDA zone 6. It is best propagated by winter cuttings or seeds.

* Phillips. R. & Rix. M. *Shrubs*. Pan Books 1989 ISBN 978-0-330-30258-6

## InfoBox

| *Philadelphus purpurascens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Hydrangeaceae |
| Genus: | *Philadelphus* |
| Species: | ***P. purpurascens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Philadelphus purpurascens***<br>(Koehne) Rehder | |
|


title: Waring's prime number conjecture

abstract: In number theory, Waring's prime number conjecture is a conjecture related to Vinogradov's theorem, named after the English mathematician Edward Waring. It states that every odd number exceeding 3 is either a prime number or the sum of three prime numbers. It follows from the generalized Riemann hypothesis, and (trivially) from Goldbach's weak conjecture.

text:
# Waring's prime number conjecture

In number theory, **Waring's prime number conjecture** is a conjecture related to Vinogradov's theorem, named after the English mathematician Edward Waring. It states that every odd number exceeding 3 is either a prime number or the sum of three prime numbers. It follows from the generalized Riemann hypothesis, and (trivially) from Goldbach's weak conjecture.

1. Deshouillers, J.-M.; Effinger, G.; te Riele, H.; Zinoviev, D. (1997). "A complete Vinogradov 3-primes theorem under the Riemann Hypothesis". *Electr. Res. Ann. of AMS*. **3**: 99–104.


title: Nataraj XT

abstract: Nataraj XT is a French music band specialized in electronic music with a twist of traditional live Indian music. It was created in Marseille, France, in 1998. The band is famous for having developed from the start their own version of North Indian electronic music incorporating traditional instruments such as the sarod, the esraj and the sitar. The band Nataraj XT has since then broadened its tones with rock and jazz.

text:
# Nataraj XT

**Nataraj XT** is a French music band specialized in electronic music with a twist of traditional live Indian music. It was created in Marseille, France, in 1998.

The band is famous for having developed from the start their own version of North Indian electronic music incorporating traditional instruments such as the sarod, the esraj and the sitar. The band Nataraj XT has since then broadened its tones with rock and jazz.

## History

Nataraj XT started in a music festival in Marseille, France, and was signed soon after by a French record label after being discovered in French press like *Libération*. They won the "Electronic Talent" prize in 2000 at the Midem with Elegia Laurent Garnier. Their first album Tandava was recorded in a short time and with a low budget. Following an extensive tour across India and Europe, the band recorded their second album (Ocean Bird) with a higher budget, a Canadian label Nutone/Nettwerk, and a contract signed with EMI.

In 2007, the Sitar player Pierre Grimoud died. The band released what should have been their last album Opposition.

In 2008, Philippe Capitani and Richard Bernet decided to produce a new album with no sitar playing, *Without Sitar*, in order to keep the band alive. Despite the fact that the band is not well known among the French public, they do have a significant number of fans abroad. They were played in a large number of U.S.A Campuses and on the web.

In 2012, the band was contacted by Artonik Dance Company from Marseille and was asked to compose the music of a show *The Colour of Time* based on a traditional Indian festival, Holi. A documentary about the show was filmed by France 3 French TV. In order to complete their reconstruction, the band added an electric bass player, Laurent Pernice, and some guitar sounds played by Philippe Capitani. Several shows have been performed in France since 2013. A lot of TV Shows, documentaries and youtubers use their music.

## Discography

## Further reading

## Personnel

### Current band members

* Kapi (Philippe Capitani) : Drum, Bass, Guitar, Computers
* Rishi (Richard Bernet son of Ralph Bernet) French author of L'Idole des jeunes (album) : Esraj, Sarod, Flûte, Dotara
* Laurent Pernice : Basse, gopichandi

### Past band members

* Pierre Moïtram (Pierre Grimoud) : Sitar (died in 2007)
* Nathalie Arini : Sitar

## InfoBox

| Nataraj XT | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | France |
| Genres | Electronic |
| Years active | 1998 (1998)-present |
| Labels | Nutone, EMI |
|  | |
| Members | Philippe Capitani
Richard Bernet
Laurent Pernice |
|  | |
| Website | Natarajxt.com |


title: Goodwill (accounting)

abstract: In accounting, goodwill is an intangible asset recognized when a firm is purchased as a going concern. It reflects the premium that the buyer pays in addition to the net value of its other assets. Goodwill is often understood to represent the firm's intrinsic ability to acquire and retain customer business, where that ability is not otherwise attributable to brand name recognition, contractual arrangements or other specific factors. It is recognized only through an acquisition; it cannot be self-created. It is classified as an intangible asset on the balance sheet, since it can neither be seen nor touched. Under U.S. GAAP and IFRS, goodwill is never amortized, because it is considered to have an indefinite useful life. Instead, management is responsible for valuing goodwill every year and to determine if an impairment is required. If the fair market value goes below historical cost, an impairment must be recorded to bring it down to its fair market value. However, an increase in the fair market value would not be accounted for in the financial statements.

text:
# Goodwill (accounting)

In accounting, **goodwill** is an intangible asset recognized when a firm is purchased as a going concern. It reflects the premium that the buyer pays in addition to the net value of its other assets. Goodwill is often understood to represent the firm's intrinsic ability to acquire and retain customer business, where that ability is not otherwise attributable to brand name recognition, contractual arrangements or other specific factors. It is recognized only through an acquisition; it cannot be self-created. It is classified as an intangible asset on the balance sheet, since it can neither be seen nor touched.

Under U.S. GAAP and IFRS, goodwill is never amortized, because it is considered to have an indefinite useful life. (Private companies in the United States may elect to amortize goodwill over a period of ten years or less under an accounting alternative from the Private Company Council of the FASB.) Instead, management is responsible for valuing goodwill every year and to determine if an impairment is required. If the fair market value goes below historical cost (what goodwill was purchased for), an impairment must be recorded to bring it down to its fair market value. However, an increase in the fair market value would not be accounted for in the financial statements.

## Origins

The concept of commercial goodwill developed together with the capitalist economy. In England, contracts from the 15th century onward refer to the purchase and conveyance of goodwill, roughly meaning the transfer of continuing business, as distinguished from the transfer of business property. Such agreements were initially unenforceable under the restraint of trade doctrine, which held that one could not claim property in business activity, until *Broad v. Jolyffe* (1620) established that restraints could be legal in exceptional cases. John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon defined the concept succinctly in 1810 as "the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place."

## Calculating goodwill

In order to calculate goodwill, the fair market value of identifiable assets and liabilities of the company acquired is deducted from the purchase price. For instance, if company A acquired 100% of company B, but paid more than the net market value of company B, a goodwill occurs. In order to calculate goodwill, it is necessary to have a list of all of company B's assets and liabilities at fair market value.

```
                        Fair market value
  Accounts Receivable   $10
  Inventory              $5
  Accounts payable       $6
  -------------------------
  Total Net assets    = $10 + $5 - $6
                      =  $9
```

In order to acquire company B, company A paid $20. Hence, goodwill would be $11 ($20  $9). The journal entry in the books of company A to record the acquisition of company B would be:

```
  DR Goodwill             $11
  DR Accounts Receivable  $10
  DR Inventory             $5
  CR Accounts Payable      $6
  CR Cash                 $20
```

## Modern meaning

Goodwill is a special type of intangible asset that represents that portion of the entire business value that cannot be attributed to other income producing business assets, tangible or intangible.

For example, a privately held software company may have net assets (consisting primarily of miscellaneous equipment and/or property, and assuming no debt) valued at $1 million, but the company's overall value (including customers and intellectual capital) is valued at $10 million. Anybody buying that company would book $10 million in total assets acquired, comprising $1 million physical assets and $9 million in other intangible assets. And any consideration paid in excess of $10 million shall be considered as goodwill. In a private company, goodwill has no predetermined value prior to the acquisition; its magnitude depends on the two other variables *by definition*. A publicly traded company, by contrast, is subject to a constant process of market valuation, so goodwill will always be apparent.

While a business can invest to increase its reputation, by advertising or assuring that its products are of high quality, such expenses cannot be capitalized and added to goodwill, which is technically an intangible asset. Goodwill and intangible assets are usually listed as separate items on a company's balance sheet. In the b2b sense, goodwill may account for the criticality that exists between partners engaged in a supply chain relationship, or other forms of business relationships, where unpredictable events may cause volatilities across entire markets.

## Types of goodwill

There are two types of goodwill: institutional (enterprise) and professional (personal). Institutional goodwill may be described as the intangible value that would continue to inure to the business without the presence of specific owner. Professional goodwill may be described as the intangible value attributable solely to the efforts of or reputation of an owner of the business. The key difference between the two types of goodwill is whether the goodwill is transferable upon a sale to a third party without a non-competition agreement.

## United States practice

### History and purchase vs. pooling-of-interests

Previously, companies could structure many acquisition transactions to determine the choice between two accounting methods to record a business combination: purchase accounting or pooling-of-interests accounting. Pooling-of-interests method combined the book value of assets and liabilities of the two companies to create the new balance sheet of the combined companies. It therefore did not distinguish between who is buying whom. It also did not record the price the acquiring company had to pay for the acquisition. Since 2001, U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (FAS 141) no longer allows the pooling-of-interests method.

### Amortization and adjustments to carrying value

Goodwill is no longer amortized under U.S. GAAP (FAS 142). FAS 142 was issued in June 2001. Companies objected to the removal of the option to use pooling-of-interests, so amortization was removed by Financial Accounting Standards Board as a concession. As of 2005-01-01, it is also forbidden under International Financial Reporting Standards. Goodwill can now only be impaired under these GAAP standards.

Instead of deducting the value of goodwill annually over a period of maximal 40 years, companies are now required to determine the fair value of the reporting units, using present value of future cash flow, and compare it to their carrying value (book value of assets plus goodwill minus liabilities.) If the fair value is less than carrying value (impaired), the goodwill value needs to be reduced so the carrying value is equal to the fair value. The impairment loss is reported as a separate line item on the income statement, and new adjusted value of goodwill is reported in the balance sheet.

### Controversy

When the business is threatened with insolvency, investors will deduct the goodwill from any calculation of residual equity because it has no resale value.

The accounting treatment for goodwill remains controversial within both the accounting and financial industries because it is fundamentally a workaround employed by accountants to compensate for the fact that businesses when purchased are valued based on estimates of future cash flows and prices negotiated by the buyer and seller, and not on the fair value of assets and liabilities to be transferred by the seller. This creates a mismatch between the reported assets and net incomes of companies that have grown without purchasing other companies, and those that have.

While companies will follow the rules prescribed by the Accounting Standards Boards, there is not a fundamentally correct way to deal with this mismatch under the current financial reporting framework. Therefore, the accounting for goodwill will be rules based, and those rules have changed, and can be expected to continue to change, periodically along with the changes in the members of the Accounting Standards Boards. The current rules governing the accounting treatment of goodwill are highly subjective and can result in very high costs, but have limited value to investors.


title: Ming campaign against the Uriankhai

abstract: The Ming campaign against the Uriankhai was a 1387 offensive military expedition by Ming China's army led by General Feng Sheng against the Uriankhai Mongol horde led by the chieftain Naghachu in Manchuria, which concluded with the surrender of the Uriankhai to the Ming and the capture of Manchuria by the Ming.

text:
# Ming campaign against the Uriankhai

The **Ming campaign against the Uriankhai** was a 1387 offensive military expedition by Ming China's army led by General Feng Sheng against the Uriankhai Mongol horde led by the chieftain Naghachu in Manchuria, which concluded with the surrender of the Uriankhai to the Ming and the capture of Manchuria by the Ming.

## Background

During the 1380s, the Mongol commander Naghachu had organized the many Mongol tribes of Manchuria into the Uriankhai. They frequently clashed with the Chinese along Ming China's northeastern frontier regions.

## Course

In December 1386, the Hongwu Emperor ordered General Feng Sheng to lead an army of 200,000 soldiers against the Mongols. In early 1387, Feng Sheng was commissioned as the Grand General, assigned Fu Youde and Lan Yu to assist him, and raised a large army. The Hongwu Emperor drew up the plans with the ultimate objective to conquer Jinshan.

The Ming army, comprising 200,000 soldiers, included the 50,000 soldiers that garrisoned four fortresses. General Feng Sheng and General Fu Youde commanded the front army, while General Lan Yu commanded the rear army. Zhu Di, Prince of Yan, commanded the princely guard, but saw relatively limited action.

In January 1388, General Feng Sheng led the Ming army to Tongzhou (通州), where he sent General Lan Yu with a cavalry unit to attack a Mongol force at Qingzhou (慶州). Lan Yu defeated the Mongol force, capturing many Mongols, including the Mongol governor, and their horses. On 20 March 1387, General Feng Sheng led the Ming army northward through the Great Wall.

Fortresses were constructed at Daning (大寧), Fuyu (富峪), Huizhou (會州), and Kuanhe (寛河) near the Great Wall of China and completed at the end of the summer of 1387. In Daning, a regional military commission was established to command the four fortresses. Beiping, Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan provinces dispatched the peasantry to transport grain to the north. Millions of piculs of foodstuff were stored at the four fortresses, which served as advance bases.

General Feng Shen led his main army further eastward. He left about 50,000 troops at Daning. On 7 July 1387, Zhen Yong (陣鏞; Marquis of Linjiang) and his division became separated from the main army and was ambushed, which resulted in the killing of Zhen.

In July 1387, the Ming army advanced further and crossed the Liao River. Within a few days after crossing the river, they surrounded the Mongol stronghold of Jinshan. Within that month, the Ming army established their encampment west of Jinshan.

General Feng Sheng returned Nayira'u (Naghachu's former lieutenant, captured in 1376) to Naghachu with a letter that stated that he should surrender and accept the suzerainty of Ming China. Meanwhile, General Lan Yu and his army inflicted much destruction to portions of the Mongol horde in the northern vicinity of the Great Wall. All whilst rice, weapons, and other supplies were transported across the Great Wall into Manchuria for the Ming army.

Naghachu and his Mongol horde surrendered to the Ming army. Dreyer (1982) stated that this was on 14 July 1387, while Langlois (1998) stated that this was in October 1387. The lesser Mongol chieftains regarded Naghachu's surrender as a defection and continued resisting. While the Ming army was returning to the Great Wall, the rear guard was ambushed and suffered losses, including Chief Commissioner Pu Ying (濮英), who was the commander of the rear guard.

## Aftermath

The campaign concluded with the capture of Naghachu and his horde, their families, and their domesticated animals. Naghachu, his 6,500 officers, and their families were sent to Nanjing. In the period after his surrender to the Ming, Naghachu was given a marquisate with a stipend of 2,000 piculs of grain, an estate of public fields in Jiangxi, and a mansion in Nanjing. He ultimately died (probably due to his excessive alcohol consumption) near Wu-ch'ang on 31 August 1388 and was buried outside Nanjing.

Bolstered by this successful campaign, the Hongwu Emperor ordered General Lan Yu to lead 150,000 men on a military campaign against Toghus Temur, the Mongol Khan, culminating in the Ming victory over the Mongol horde at the Battle of Buir Lake in 1388.

Zhu Quan, Prince of Ning, would be stationed at Daning and take command of the four fortresses.

## InfoBox

| Ming campaign against the Uriankhai | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the military conquests of the Ming dynasty | |
| Date 1387  Location Manchuria  Result  Ming victory  Territorial
changes Ming conquest of Manchuria | |
| Belligerents | |
| Ming China | Uriankhai Mongol horde |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| General Feng Sheng
General Fu Youde
General Lan Yu
Zhu Di, Prince of Yan | Naghachu |
| Units involved | |
| 150,000 soldiers in the field
50,000 soldiers at the fortresses | unknown |
| Strength | |
| 200,000 soldiers | unknown |


title: Rolf Blättler

abstract: Rolf Blättler was a Swiss footballer who played as midfielder or forward. At club level, he had stints at Grasshoppers, Lugano, St. Gallen, Luzern and Locarno. At international level, he made 28 appearances for the Switzerland national team scoring 12 goals. Blättler died in Minusio on 12 March 2024, at the age of 81.

text:
# Rolf Blättler

**Rolf Blättler** (24 October 1942 – 12 March 2024) was a Swiss footballer who played as midfielder or forward. At club level, he had stints at Grasshoppers, Lugano, St. Gallen, Luzern and Locarno. At international level, he made 28 appearances for the Switzerland national team scoring 12 goals. Blättler died in Minusio on 12 March 2024, at the age of 81.

## Club career

From 1963 to 1969 Blättler played for Grasshoppers. During the 1964–65 Nationalliga A season he scored 19 goals in 26 league games, becoming top scorer together with Pierre Kerkhoffs. He managed the title again during the following season with 28 goals and in the 1966–67 Nationalliga A season he won the title for the third time, this time jointly with Fritz Künzli.

Blättler then transferred for two years to Lugano. After which he spent the 1971—72 season with Basel and won the championship. During this season he played a total of 39 matches for Basel scoring 13 goals, of which 25 were league games in which he scored 9 goals. In 1972 Blättler transferred to St. Gallen where he stayed four seasons before he moved to Luzern.

## International career

Blättler played his debut for the Switzerland national team on 22 October 1966 in a test match against Belgium, in the Olympiastadion in Sint-Andries, Bruges. Switzerland lost 1–0. He scored his first two goals for his country on 24 May 1967 in the 7—1 win against Romania.

## Coaching career

In 1979 Blättler transferred to Locarno and became player-manager. He stayed trainer until 1984. Blättler was also coach of the Swiss U23 and the Swiss U21 teams.

## Honours

**Basel'**

## InfoBox

Rolf Blättler
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1942-10-24)24 October 1942 | | |
| Place of birth | Uster, Switzerland | | |
| Date of death | 12 March 2024(2024-03-12) (aged 81) | | |
| Place of death | Minusio, Switzerland | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder, forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1963–1969 | Grasshoppers | 143 | (101) |
| 1969–1971 | Lugano | 54 | (26) |
| 1971–1972 | Basel | 25 | (9) |
| 1972–1977 | St. Gallen | 110 | (38) |
| 1977–1979 | Luzern |  |  |
| 1979–? | Locarno |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1966–1973 | Switzerland | 28 | (12) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1979–1984 | Locarno | | |
| 1984 | Switzerland U23 | | |
| 1984–1986 | Switzerland U21 | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Philip Chevron

abstract: Philip Ryan, professionally known as Philip Chevron, was an Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist and record producer. He was best known as the lead guitarist for the celtic punk band the Pogues and as the frontman for the 1970s punk rock band The Radiators from Space. Upon his death in 2013, Chevron was regarded as one of the most influential figures in Irish punk music.

text:
# Philip Chevron

**Philip Ryan** (17 June 1957 – 8 October 2013), professionally known as **Philip Chevron**, was an Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist and record producer. He was best known as the lead guitarist for the celtic punk band the Pogues and as the frontman for the 1970s punk rock band The Radiators from Space. Upon his death in 2013, Chevron was regarded as one of the most influential figures in Irish punk music.

## Career

Chevron grew up in Santry, a suburb of Dublin. Beginning in the late 1970s, he was lead singer and co-founder of the punk rock group The Radiators from Space, receiving some critical acclaim but little widespread popularity or financial success. Following a temporary breakup of the band in 1981, he lived in London for a while, meeting and befriending Shane MacGowan through time spent working together at a record shop. Following the release of the Pogues' 1984 debut album *Red Roses For Me*, he was invited to join the band on a short-term basis as cover for banjo player Jem Finer's paternity leave. He took over as guitarist following MacGowan's decision to concentrate on singing—thereby becoming a full-time member of the band in time for the recording of its second album, *Rum, Sodomy and the Lash*.

Chevron wrote the songs "Thousands Are Sailing" and "Lorelei" among others. He left The Pogues in 1994 following problems with drugs and alcohol. In 2003, he reformed The Radiators (Plan 9) with ex-Pogues bassist Cait O'Riordan. They released the album *Trouble Pilgrim* in 2006.

In later years, he became The Pogues' unofficial spokesperson and frequently visited online forums, answering questions from fans. In 2004, he oversaw the remastering and re-release of The Pogues' entire back catalogue on CD. He toured regularly with The Pogues, who reunited after a reunion tour in 2001.

## Personal life

Chevron was openly gay and penned the anti-homophobia song "Under Clery's Clock", which was first performed in 1987 when The Radiators reformed for one gig, an AIDS benefit in Dublin, and released as a single in 1989.

## Illness and death

In June 2007, The Pogues' website announced that Chevron had been diagnosed with oesophageal cancer. In early 2008, the website announced that Chevron had recovered, and that his hearing had returned to almost pre-treatment levels. He embarked on the March 2008 tour of the United States and sang "Thousands Are Sailing" at each performance. By 2009, Chevron was free of cancer.

However, in May 2013, it was announced that the cancer had returned and Chevron was terminally ill. His last public appearance was at the Olympia Theatre for a fundraiser in August of the same year. Chevron died on 8 October 2013 in Dublin at age 56.

## Discography

See also The Pogues and The Radiators From Space

### Solo

* *Songs From Bills Dance Hall* (1981, Mosa Records, UK); 12" 45 rpm EP
* *The Captains and The Kings* (b/w *Faithful Departed*) (1983, Chapel/Demon Records, UK); 7" 45 rpm
* *Songs From Bills Dance Hall* (2006, CD re-release, Seaisland Sound Project, Japan)
* *The Tuner: The Life Of Jack Rooney* (2024, CD & Digital release)

### Compilations and anthologies

* *For The Children* (1990, Alias Records); Includes Philip Chevron on lead vocals on title song.
* *Life in the Folk Lane* (1992, Demon Records); Includes 1983 recording of "The Captains and The Kings"
* *Life in the Folk Lane Vol. 2* (1995, Demon Records); Includes 1983 recording of "Faithful Departed"
* *Bringing It All Back Home Vol. 3* (2000, Valley Entertainment); Includes a new recording of "Thousands Are Sailing"

## InfoBox

| Philip Chevron | |
| --- | --- |
| Philip Chevron, Milk club, Moscow, August 2010 with the Pogues | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Philip Ryan |
| Born | (1957-06-17)17 June 1957
Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 8 October 2013(2013-10-08) (aged 56)
Dublin, Ireland |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, singer-songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, banjo, mandolin |
| Years active | 1976–2013 |
| Formerly of | The Pogues, The Radiators |


title: Waring's Pennsylvanians

abstract: Waring's Pennsylvanians was a dance band founded at Penn State University by Fred Waring. First named the Collegians, the group was formed in 1918 at Penn State by the brothers Fred and Tom Waring and their friends Freddy Buck and Poley McClintock. They had a hit in 1925 with the song "Collegiate". Other popular novelty songs were "I've Never Seen a Straight Banana" and "I Wonder How I Look When I'm Asleep". In 1929 they appeared in the movie Syncopation and on stage in The New Yorkers the following year. Their popularity increased in the 1930s with their presence in radio and movies. During the 1940s, they performed on Broadway and at the World's Fair and became the first band to broadcast its own TV show. From 1950 to 1970, they became a corporation that branched into workshops, real estate, and a magazine.

text:
# Waring's Pennsylvanians

**Waring's Pennsylvanians** was a dance band founded at Penn State University by Fred Waring.

First named the Collegians, the group was formed in 1918 at Penn State by the brothers Fred and Tom Waring and their friends Freddy Buck and Poley McClintock. They had a hit in 1925 with the song "Collegiate". Other popular novelty songs were "I've Never Seen a Straight Banana" and "I Wonder How I Look When I'm Asleep".

In 1929 they appeared in the movie *Syncopation* and on stage in *The New Yorkers* the following year. Their popularity increased in the 1930s with their presence in radio and movies. During the 1940s, they performed on Broadway and at the World's Fair and became the first band to broadcast its own TV show. From 1950 to 1970, they became a corporation that branched into workshops, real estate, and a magazine.


abstract: Natarajan Higher Secondary School is situated in Kattunaickenpatti village, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India.

text:
# Natarajan Higher Secondary School, Kattunaickenpatti

**Natarajan Higher Secondary School** is situated in Kattunaickenpatti village, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Education System

It comes under the Tamil Nadu Government Aided Schools category which follows the common Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education from Grade 6 to Grade 12. The co-education mode of the education system is followed.

## Address

Natarajan Hr. Sec. School, Kattunaickenpatti, Eppodumvendran Post - 628 712. Thoothukudi Dt.

## InfoBox

| Natarajan Higher Secondary School, Kattunaickenpatti 9°0′49″N 78°3′42″E / 9.01361°N 78.06167°E / 9.01361; 78.06167 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Kattunaickenpatti, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu<br>India | |
| Information | |
| Type | Co-educational, Govt. aided school |
| Established | 1960 |
| School district | Thoothukudi District |
| Head of school | (Mrs.) K.Santhi (Head Mistress) |
| Grades | Grade 6 to Grade 12 |
| Number of students | 500+ |
| Language | Tamil |
| Campus size | Large |
| Campus type | Rural |
| Affiliation | Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education |


title: Montflovin

abstract: Montflovin is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Montflovin

**Montflovin** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃flɔvɛ̃\]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Geography

Montflovin lies 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of Montbenoît.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 30 |  |
| 1968 | 40 | +33.3% |
| 1975 | 39 | −2.5% |
| 1982 | 37 | −5.1% |
| 1990 | 44 | +18.9% |
| 1999 | 75 | +70.5% |
| 2008 | 93 | +24.0% |
| 2012 | 100 | +7.5% |

## InfoBox

| Montflovin | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Montflovin | |
| Location of Montflovin | |
| MontflovinMontflovin | |
| Coordinates: 46°59′14″N 6°26′45″E / 46.9872°N 6.4458°E / 46.9872; 6.4458 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Doubs |
| Arrondissement | Pontarlier |
| Canton | Ornans |
| Intercommunality | Montbenoît |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Emeric Guinchard |
| Area**1** | 3.35 km2 (1.29 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 118 |
| Density | 35/km2 (91/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 25398 /25650 |
| Elevation | 783–1,060 m (2,569–3,478 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Indian Lake (New Jersey)

abstract: Indian Lake is a reservoir and unincorporated community situated 505 feet (154 m) above sea level in Denville Township, New Jersey. Snake Hill rises 780 feet (238 m) to its west and Chestnut Hill rises 640 feet (195 m) to its east.

text:
# Indian Lake (New Jersey)

**Indian Lake** is a reservoir and unincorporated community situated 505 feet (154 m) above sea level in Denville Township, New Jersey. Snake Hill rises 780 feet (238 m) to its west and Chestnut Hill rises 640 feet (195 m) to its east.

## History

Originally the area of Indian Lake was quite rural with active farms. Besides the Hinchman farm, there was the Thomas Green farm on Chestnut Hill, the Hussa Farm on Franklin Road near U.S. Route 46, and the Ed Beam Farm in the North Shore Road area of Indian Lake.

The idea of Indian Lake was originally conceived by Joseph B. Righter in hopes of creating a development similar to nearby Mountain Lakes. He was a native of Denville and visualized that the waters of Den Brook could provide an excellent lake because of the surrounding terrain. He accumulated numerous parcels of land until he had accumulated approximately 300 acres (1.2 km2) of land. Around 1920 he proceeded to clear the property. The trees were hauled by a yoke of oxen to a sawmill that was set up on site.

A dam was required to hold back the waters of the Den Brook. Which has since been replaced due to its age.

The Den Brook started flooding the cleared land. The resulting lake, Lenape Lake, was named after the earliest inhabitants of the area, the Leni Lenape Native Americans of the Delaware tribe.

Roads were laid out and the land divided into plots for year-round homes. The first house was sold right next to the dam. J.B. Righter took ill and died in November 1922. His dream for Lenape Lake was realized but he never saw it developed.

The first house built on Lenape Lake was built by his wife Susan A. Righter, and stands at the corner of Southwynde Drive and Indian Road.

After a short time the A.D. Crane Company bought the property from the estate. They completely changed the entire original plans, including road plans, divided it into smaller lots, and instead of developing high-priced year-round homes, it was developed into a summer community. Subsequently they changed the name from Lenape Lake to Indian Lake but named the island Lenape Island.

Many of the new residents came from Hudson, Bergen, and Essex counties. Originally non-lakefront lots could be bought for $300–$400, while lake front lots sold for about $1000.

Indian lake continued as a summer community for many years. In 1924 there were about 500 summer residents in Indian lake. The Great Depression years saw a few families move from New York City to the cottages they owned. The following generation's need for homes of their own and the post World War II housing shortage further accelerated the development of the community as a year-round residential area.

## Native American history

The earliest known inhabitants of the area were the Leni Lenape of the Delaware tribe. What is now known as Lenape Island was once the site of a Native American settlement. The Rev. C.R. Snyder, pastor of the Denville M.E. Church, 1890–1895, was a student of archeology and spent his time exploring the hills and fields of this area. He found on Lenape Island a great number of implements used by the local Native Americans, such as arrowheads, knives, fletchers, pestles, and pieces of pottery.

## Transportation

Indian Lake is situated in the heart of Denville Township, which itself is nicknamed the "Hub of Morris County". It is almost adjacent to eight-laned Interstate 80 and quite close in proximity to US Route 46 and New Jersey State Route 53, all three of these roads used heavily by motorists. At peak rush hour times it is common for commuters, often not Indian Lake or even Denville residents, to use the narrow roads of Indian Lake designed in the 1920s as a shortcut in their routes, such as Franklin Road, North Shore Road, and Indian Road.

Indian Lake is also within walking distance of Downtown Denville, and it is common to see community residents walk or ride bicycles to the center of town, despite the heavy automobile traffic surrounding them.

## Community Club

In 1923, the property owners of Indian Lake saw the need for an organization to control the use of the lake. A meeting was held in the Denville School, and the Indian Lake Community Club was formed in order to promote and protect the interests of the residents of the community. It is a private association and use of the lake and its facilities require membership in the lake association. An elected board of officers and trustees administrate the lake association.

The Indian lake Community Club was formed under the first president of Indian Lake, Dr. W. Moore Gould. In 1923-1924, there were about 130 families in the community club. The dues at that time were $10 per family plus a charge for extra beach tags. During the depression years, many men and women were out of work, and the membership dues were paid by working for the club. Today the Indian Lake Community Club is an organization of approximately 500 households.

A large lakeside clubhouse is the focal point of the association. During the summer season Indian Lake's three beaches are staffed by lifeguards and are centers of activity. Boating, fishing, basketball, horseshoes, and other sporting activities are available. In addition, Indian Lake is available for water skiing and tubing, two popular activities.

Indian Lake is a member of the Hub Lakes association that includes a group of lakes in Morris County. Hub Lakes provides a multi-sport competition league in which Indian Lake members of all ages can participate. Sports include volleyball, swimming, diving, softball, horseshoes, golf, track and other sports. In recent years the track and dive team have been quite dominant in competition. The association also offers year-round structured programs and activities including swimming lessons, aerobics classes, dances, dinners, and other group events. Some fun events include a pig roast, a lip sync contest, a visit from Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny for children, a bass fishing contest, New Year's Eve party, casino night, clam bake, and Monday Night Football at the full-service bar. Many events are sponsored by sub-clubs, including a Woman's Club, Men's Club, Senior Club, Junior Club and the Aquatic Club. Lake membership also entitles members to rent the clubhouse for private events.

Information about lake activities can be found in the *Indian Lake Crier*, a monthly newsletter mailed to local residents.

## Indian Lake's King and Queen tradition

In 1927 the tradition of choosing, by popular vote, a king and queen, from teenagers living in the lake began. Except for a few years, a royal couple reigned each summer. During World War II the titles were changed to Mr. Victory and Miss Liberty. In 1944 a bathing beauty contest was held instead of a king and queen election since there were not many young men available. In 1947 the members were eager to pick up where they left off and another royal couple was elected.

The royal couple have been typically high school seniors and are selected by a vote, of all the lake members, conducted on Fun Weekend. Several weeks later a royal celebration is held which lasts all weekend. It starts with the official coronation, and party, on Friday night. Then on Saturday there is a semi-formal themed royal ball. This is followed on Sunday afternoon by a car parade around the lake typically followed by a picnic. It is a weekend full of tradition that all lake members are invited to enjoy. Since 1965 a Mr. & Mrs. Indian Lake represented by one of the adult couples has also been elected.

## InfoBox

| Indian Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| The "Big Beach" or the Main Beach (summer 2006) | |
| Indian LakeIndian Lake | |
| Location | Denville Township, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°53′19″N 74°29′19″W / 40.888640°N 74.488600°W / 40.888640; -74.488600 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface elevation | 509 ft (155 m) |
|  | |
| References |  |