title: Oneonta High School

abstract: Oneonta Senior High School is a public high school in Oneonta, New York. It serves grades 9–12 and is the only high school in the Oneonta City School District. The first high school in Oneonta was incorporated in 1874; the present school building, at 130 Upper East Street, opened in 1964.

text:
# Oneonta High School

**Oneonta Senior High School** (commonly known as Oneonta High School) is a public high school in Oneonta, New York. It serves grades 9–12 and is the only high school in the Oneonta City School District. The first high school in Oneonta was incorporated in 1874; the present school building, at 130 Upper East Street, opened in 1964.

## School

As of 2022, Oneonta Senior High School had 477 students, of whom 20.4% were minority and 35% were economically disadvantaged. The principal is Kevin Stevens. The school's sports teams are the Yellowjackets.

## History

Oneonta's first high school was incorporated on November 6, 1874. Its library was noted in 1915. In 1913 at the school's 42nd commencement 53 students graduated, its largest class up to that point.

The first modern high school opened in 1908, on the site of the former Union School on Academy Street. It was a three-story building in classical style, with statuary throughout the interior. Almost 600 people attended the school's first college night in 1938. School activities included a Key Club, founded in 1948.

The high school continued to include elementary grades until 1927, when a junior high school was opened on an adjacent site. In 1964, the high school moved to its present building on East Street, which unlike the former building, had on-site sports facilities. The Academy Street building became part of the junior high school, and was demolished in 1977 after the middle school moved to a new building next to the high school. In the 1990s, the high school was renovated and a science wing added.

Oneonta Senior High School was the subject of a 1954 master's thesis examining high school dropouts.

## Athletics

Oneonta Senior High School is a member of the Southern Tier Athletic Conference (STAC). They are also part of the New York Public High School Athletic Association (NYPSAA) under Section IV, Class C.

Oneonta's mascot is a Yellowjacket, taking inspiration from the Georgia Tech Yellowjackets.

## Alumni

* Irving Ives, state senator and U.S. senator who was a leader in anti-discrimination legislation
* Mark May, football player and broadcaster
* Wendell Brown, computer scientist and businessman
* Lance Ratchford, baseball player and former coach

## Further reading

* *Your Schools, Today and Tomorrow; A Report of the Oneonta, New York Community-school Survey* (October 1, 1944 – June 30, 1945). Oneonta Board of Education. 1945. OCLC 1340029860.

## InfoBox

| Oneonta Senior High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 130 Upper East Street
Oneonta, New York 13820
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°28′10″N 75°03′06″W / 42.46944°N 75.05167°W / 42.46944; -75.05167 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| School district | Oneonta City School District |
| Principal | Kevin Stevens |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Enrollment | 477 |
| Color(s) | Blue and Yellow |
| Athletics conference | Southern Tier Athletic Conference, NYSPHAA Section IV, Class C |
| Mascot | Yellowjacket |
| Website | www.oneontacsd.org/oneontahighschool\_home.aspx |
|  | |


title: O-aminophenol oxidase

abstract:
o-Aminophenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.4, isophenoxazine synthase, o-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase, 2-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase, GriF) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-aminophenol:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - 2 o-aminophenol + O2 + acceptor ⇌ 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one + reduced acceptor + 2 H2O (overall reaction)
  - (1a) 2 2-aminophenol + O2 ⇌ 2 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone + 2 H2O
  - (1b) 2 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone + acceptor ⇌ 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one + reduced acceptor (spontaneous) o-Aminophenol oxidase is a flavoprotein.

text:
# O-aminophenol oxidase

***o*-Aminophenol oxidase** (EC 1.10.3.4, *isophenoxazine synthase*, *o-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase*, *2-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase*, *GriF*) is an enzyme with systematic name *2-aminophenol:oxygen oxidoreductase*. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

2 *o*-aminophenol \+ O2 \+ acceptor  2-aminophenoxazin-3-one + reduced acceptor + 2 H2O (overall reaction) (1a) 2 2-aminophenol + O2  2 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone + 2 H2O (1b) 2 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone + acceptor  2-aminophenoxazin-3-one + reduced acceptor (spontaneous)

*o*-Aminophenol oxidase is a flavoprotein.

## InfoBox

| *o*-Aminophenol oxidase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.10.3.4 |
| CAS no. | 9013-85-8 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Indika Senaratne

abstract: Indika Senaratne is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He played domestic cricket for Burgher Recreation Club and Ragama Cricket Club from 2006 to 2010, before playing for Central Districts in New Zealand in 2015/16.

text:
# Indika Senaratne

**Indika Senaratne** (born 5 February 1986) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He played domestic cricket for Burgher Recreation Club and Ragama Cricket Club from 2006 to 2010, before playing for Central Districts in New Zealand in 2015/16.

## InfoBox

Indika Senaratne
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Makulpagodagedara Indika Gihan Senaratne |
| Born | (1986-02-05) 5 February 1986<br>Gampola, Sri Lanka |
| Source: Cricinfo, 29 October 2020 | |


title: Van Dievoet family

abstract: The Van Dievoet family is a Belgian family originating from the Duchy of Brabant. It descends from the Seven Lineages of Brussels and its members have been bourgeois (freemen) of that city since the 1600s. It formed, at the end of the 17th century, a now extinct Parisian branch which used the name Vandive.

text:
# Van Dievoet family

The **Van Dievoet** **family** (/ˈdvʊt/) is a Belgian family originating from the Duchy of Brabant. It descends from the Seven Lineages of Brussels and its members have been *bourgeois* (freemen) of that city since the 1600s. It formed, at the end of the 17th century, a now extinct Parisian branch which used the name **Vandive**.

## Origins

This family descends from **Gillis van Dievoet** (d. before 1672), bourgeois of Brussels, who wed, in a first marriage on 13 November 1650, in the Chapel Church, Catharina Slachmeulder. And, in a second marriage on 31 July 1660, in Saint Gudula, Gertrudis Zeevaert.

## Brussels branch

The Brussels branch is the only extant branch of the Van Dievoet family. It has produced notable merchants, artists, architects, athletes, and executives, as well as prominent judges, lawyers and law historians.

### Notable members

## Parisian branch

The Parisian branch of the family, which used the name Vandive, descends from Philippe and produced notable goldsmiths and councillors to the Kings of France as well as a notable printer. It became extinct in 1802.

### Notable members

## Heraldry

Coat of arms of the Van Dievoet family
|  | NotesThese canting arms were first documented in the confirmation of familial arms that, on 14 October 1698, was delivered to Jean-Baptiste van Dievoet, husband of Anne van der Borcht, by Joseph van den Leene (1654–1742), First King of Arms of the Spanish Netherlands and the Duchy of Burgundy. Granted1698 by the King of Arms Joseph van den Leene
2021 by the Council of Heraldry and Vexillology Cresta demi wyvern Sable armed and langued Gules EscutcheonPer pale Argent and Sable, on a tower embattled of four merlons counterchanged and gated of the field between in chief two mullets of six-points Gules and Or and in base a crescent counterchanged, an escutcheon per pale Or and Gules charged with a dexter human foot sole counterchanged. Motto*Pes meus in directo.* Other versions Coat of arms of Peter van Dievoet, brother of Jean-Baptiste, recorded in 1713 in the roll of arms of the Drapery Court of Brussels |
| --- | --- |

## Genealogy

Simplified family treeGillis van Dievoet († before 1672) x Catharina Slachmeulder

## Notes and references

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Van Dievoet family
van Dievoet, Vandivout, Vandive, Divutius | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of arms | |
| Current region | Belgium |
| Etymology | Sacred ford (See: Dievoort) |
| Place of origin | Duchy of Brabant |
| Founded | 17th century |
| Founder | Gillis van Dievoet |
| Traditions | Christianity |
| Motto | *Pes meus in directo.* |
| Estate(s) | Château du Moisnil |
| Branches | Vandive |


title: SMS Pommern

abstract: SMS Pommern was one of five Deutschland-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Kaiserliche Marine between 1904 and 1906. Named after the Prussian province of Pomerania, she was built at the AG Vulcan yard at Stettin, Germany, where she was laid down on 22 March 1904 and launched on 2 December 1905. She was commissioned into the navy on 6 August 1907. The ship was armed with a battery of four 28 cm (11 in) guns and had a top speed of 18 knots. The ships of her class were already outdated by the time they entered the service, being inferior in size, armor, firepower, and speed to the revolutionary new battleship HMS Dreadnought. After commissioning, Pommern was assigned to II Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet, where she served throughout her peacetime career and the first two years of World War I. Before the war, the fleet was primarily occupied with cruises and extensive training exercises, developing strategic concepts for use in a future conflict. At the start of the war, Pommern and the rest of II Battle Squadron were tasked with supporting the defenses of the German Bight, and were stationed at the mouth of the Elbe. They also participated in several fruitless sorties into the North Sea in attempts to lure out and destroy a portion of the British Grand Fleet. These offensive operations culminated in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916. She and her sisters briefly engaged the British battlecruisers commanded by David Beatty late on the first day, and Pommern was hit once by a 12 in (30.5 cm) shell from the battlecruiser HMS Indomitable. During the confused night actions in the early hours of 1 June, she was hit by one, or possibly two, torpedoes from the British destroyer HMS Onslaught, which detonated one of Pommern's 17-centimeter (6.7 in) gun magazines. The resulting explosion broke the ship in half and killed the entire crew. Pommern was the only battleship of either side sunk during the battle.

text:
# SMS Pommern

**SMS *Pommern*** was one of five *Deutschland*-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Kaiserliche Marine between 1904 and 1906. Named after the Prussian province of Pomerania, she was built at the AG Vulcan yard at Stettin, Germany (now Szczecin, Poland), where she was laid down on 22 March 1904 and launched on 2 December 1905. She was commissioned into the navy on 6 August 1907. The ship was armed with a battery of four 28 cm (11 in) guns and had a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). The ships of her class were already outdated by the time they entered the service, being inferior in size, armor, firepower, and speed to the revolutionary new battleship HMS *Dreadnought*.

After commissioning, *Pommern* was assigned to II Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet, where she served throughout her peacetime career and the first two years of World War I. Before the war, the fleet was primarily occupied with cruises and extensive training exercises, developing strategic concepts for use in a future conflict. At the start of the war, *Pommern* and the rest of II Battle Squadron were tasked with supporting the defenses of the German Bight, and were stationed at the mouth of the Elbe. They also participated in several fruitless sorties into the North Sea in attempts to lure out and destroy a portion of the British Grand Fleet.

These offensive operations culminated in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916. She and her sisters briefly engaged the British battlecruisers commanded by David Beatty late on the first day, and *Pommern* was hit once by a 12 in (30.5 cm) shell from the battlecruiser HMS *Indomitable*. During the confused night actions in the early hours of 1 June, she was hit by one, or possibly two, torpedoes from the British destroyer HMS *Onslaught*, which detonated one of *Pommern*'s 17-centimeter (6.7 in) gun magazines. The resulting explosion broke the ship in half and killed the entire crew. *Pommern* was the only battleship of either side sunk during the battle.

## Design

The passage of the Second Naval Law in 1900 under the direction of *Vizeadmiral* (*VAdm*—Vice Admiral) Alfred von Tirpitz secured funding for the construction of twenty new battleships over the next seventeen years. The first group, the five *Braunschweig*-class battleships, were laid down in the early 1900s, and shortly thereafter design work began on a follow-on design, which became the *Deutschland* class. The *Deutschland*-class ships were broadly similar to the *Braunschweig*s, featuring incremental improvements in armor protection. They also abandoned the gun turrets for the secondary battery guns, moving them back to traditional casemates to save weight. The British battleship HMS *Dreadnought*—armed with ten 12-inch (30.5 cm) guns—was commissioned in December 1906. *Dreadnought*'s revolutionary design rendered every capital ship of the German navy obsolete, including the *Deutschland* class.

*Pommern* was 127.6 m (418 ft 8 in) long overall, with a beam of 22.2 m (72 ft 10 in), and a draft of 8.21 m (26 ft 11 in). She displaced 14,218 metric tons (13,993 long tons) at full loading. The ship was equipped with two heavy military masts and triple expansion engines that were rated at 17,453 indicated horsepower (13,015 kW). She had a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph), though she significantly exceeded that speed on trials, being the fastest member of the class. Steam was provided by twelve Schulz-Thornycroft boilers; three funnels vented smoke from burning coal in the boilers. The ship had a fuel capacity of up to 1,540 metric tons (1,520 long tons; 1,700 short tons) of coal. In addition to being the fastest ship of her class, *Pommern* was the most fuel efficient. At a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), she could steam for 5,830 nautical miles (10,800 km; 6,710 mi). Her crew numbered 35 officers and 708 enlisted men.

*Pommern*'s primary armament consisted of four 28 cm (11 in) SK L/40 guns in two twin turrets. Her offensive armament was rounded out with a secondary battery of fourteen 17 cm (6.7 in) SK L/40 guns mounted individually in casemates. A battery of twenty-two 8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45 guns in single mounts provided defense against torpedo boats. The ship was also armed with six 45 cm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, all submerged in the hull. One was in the bow, one in the stern, and four on the broadside. Krupp cemented armor protected the ship. Her armored belt was 240 millimeters (9.4 in) thick in the central portion, where it protected her magazines and machinery spaces, while thinner plating covered the ends of the hull. Her main-deck armor was 40 mm (1.6 in) thick. The main battery turrets had 280 mm (11 in) of armor plating.

## Service history

*Pommern* was ordered under the contract name "O", as a new addition to the fleet's numerical strength. She was laid down on 22 March 1904 at the AG Vulcan dockyard in Stettin. She was originally scheduled to be launched on 19 November 1905, but the water level in the harbor was too low. As a result, the ship could not be launched until 2 December. The *Oberpräsident* (High Commissioner) of Pommern, Helmuth von Maltzahn, gave the launching speech. In July 1907 *Pommern* was transferred to Kiel where she had her main battery of four 28 cm (11 in) guns installed. She was commissioned for trials on 6 August; during her speed run, she reached 19.26 knots (35.67 km/h; 22.16 mph), which made her the fastest pre-dreadnought battleship in the world.

*Pommern* was assigned to II Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet alongside her sisters, replacing the battleship *Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm*, though she was not fully ready for active duty until 11 November. *Pommern* participated in fleet maneuvers in February 1908 in the Baltic Sea and more fleet training off Helgoland in May–June. In July, *Pommern* and the rest of the fleet sailed into the Atlantic Ocean to conduct a major training cruise. Prince Heinrich had pressed for such a cruise the previous year, arguing that it would prepare the fleet for overseas operations and would break up the monotony of training in German waters, though tensions with Britain over the developing Anglo-German naval arms race were high. The fleet departed Kiel on 17 July, passed through the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal to the North Sea, and continued on to the Atlantic. The fleet returned to Germany on 13 August, and the annual autumn maneuvers followed from 27 August to 12 September.Later that year, the fleet toured coastal German cities as part of an effort to increase public support for naval expenditures.

The next year—1909—followed much the same pattern. Another cruise into the Atlantic was conducted from 7 July to 1 August, and while on the way back to Germany, the High Seas Fleet was received by the British Royal Navy in Spithead. Late in the year, *VAdm* Henning von Holtzendorff became the commander of the High Seas Fleet. His tenure as fleet commander was marked by strategic experimentation, owing to the increased threat the latest underwater weapons posed, and because the new *Nassau*-class battleships were too wide to pass through the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. Accordingly, the fleet was transferred from Kiel to Wilhelmshaven on 1 April 1910. In May 1910, the fleet conducted training maneuvers in the Kattegat, between Norway and Denmark. These were in accordance with Holtzendorff's strategy, which envisioned drawing the Royal Navy into the narrow waters in the Kattegat. The annual summer cruise went to Norway, and was followed by fleet training, during which another fleet review was held in Danzig on 29 August. A training cruise into the Baltic followed at the end of the year.

In March 1911, the fleet conducted exercises in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. *Pommern* and the rest of the fleet received British and American naval squadrons in Kiel in June and July. The year's autumn maneuvers were confined to the Baltic and the Kattegat. Another fleet review was held during the exercises for a visiting Austro-Hungarian delegation that included Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Admiral Rudolf Montecuccoli. In mid-1912, due to the Agadir Crisis, the summer cruise only went into the Baltic to avoid exposing the fleet during the period of heightened tension with Britain and France. *Pommern* took part in several celebrations commemorating the fiftieth anniversaries of events from the Second Schleswig War. The first, on 17 March, took place at Swinemünde, on the anniversary of the Battle of Jasmund participated in ceremonies at Sonderburg on 2 May 1914 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Dybbøl.

### World War I

In July 1914, about two weeks after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, *Pommern* was with the High Seas Fleet during its annual summer cruise to Norway. As a result of rising international tensions, the cruise was cut short and the German fleet was back in Wilhelmshaven by 29 July. At midnight on 4 August, the United Kingdom declared war on Germany for violating Belgium's neutrality. *Pommern* remained with the High Seas Fleet throughout the first two years of the naval war. At the outbreak of war, the German command deployed II Squadron in the German Bight to defend Germany's coast from a major attack from the Royal Navy that the Germans presumed was imminent. *Pommern* and her squadron mates were stationed in the mouth of the Elbe to support the vessels on patrol duty in the Bight.

Once it became clear that the British would not attack the High Seas Fleet, the Germans began a series of operations designed to lure out part of the numerically superior British Grand Fleet and destroy it. The German navy was aiming to force a decisive battle in the southern portion of the North Sea after achieving a rough equality of forces. *Pommern* and the rest of II Battle Squadron then rejoined the High Seas Fleet as part of the battleship support for the battlecruisers in I Scouting Group that bombarded Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby on 15–16 December 1914. The main fleet acted as distant support for *Konteradmiral* (*KAdm*—Rear Admiral) Franz von Hipper's battlecruiser squadron while it raided the coastal towns. On the evening of 15 December, the fleet came to within 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) of an isolated squadron of six British battleships. However, skirmishes between the rival destroyer screens in the darkness convinced the German fleet commander, *VAdm* Friedrich von Ingenohl, that the entire Grand Fleet was deployed before him. Under orders from Wilhelm II to avoid battle if victory was not certain, Ingenohl broke off the engagement and turned the battlefleet back towards Germany.

Two fruitless fleet advances followed on 17–18 and 21–23 April 1915. A third took place on 17–18 May, and a fourth occurred on 23–24 October. On 24–25 April 1916, *Pommern* and her sisters joined the dreadnoughts of the High Seas Fleet to support the battlecruisers, which were again tasked with conducting a raid of the English coast. While en route to the target, a mine damaged the battlecruiser *Seydlitz*. She was detached to return home, and the rest of the ships continued with the mission. Due to poor visibility, the battlecruisers conducted a brief bombardment of the ports of Yarmouth and Lowestoft. The operation was quickly called off, preventing the British fleet from being able to intervene.

#### Battle of Jutland

*VAdm* Reinhard Scheer, the new commander of the High Seas Fleet, immediately planned another foray into the North Sea, but the damage to *Seydlitz* delayed the operation until the end of May. On 31 May, at 02:00 CET, Hipper's battlecruisers steamed out towards the Skagerrak, followed by the rest of the High Seas Fleet an hour and a half later. *Pommern* remained assigned to II Battle Squadron, which was positioned at the rear of the German line and under the command of *KAdm* Franz Mauve. During the "Run to the North," Scheer ordered the fleet to pursue the British V Battle Squadron at top speed. The slower *Deutschland*-class ships could not keep up with the faster dreadnoughts and quickly fell behind. By 19:30, the Grand Fleet had arrived on the scene and confronted Scheer with significant numerical superiority. The German fleet was severely hampered by the presence of the slower *Deutschland*-class ships; if Scheer ordered an immediate turn towards Germany, he would have to sacrifice the slower ships to make good his escape.

Scheer decided to reverse the course of the fleet with the *Gefechtskehrtwendung* (battle about turn), a maneuver that required every unit in the German line to turn 180° simultaneously. As a result of their having fallen behind, the ships of II Battle Squadron could not conform to the new course following the turn, so *Pommern* and the other five ships of the squadron were located on the disengaged side of the German line. Mauve considered moving his ships to the rear of the line, astern of III Battle Squadron dreadnoughts, but decided against it when he realized the movement would interfere with the maneuvering of Hipper's battlecruisers. Instead, he attempted to place his ships at the head of the line.

Later in the evening of the first day of the battle, the hard-pressed battlecruisers of I Scouting Group were being pursued by their British opponents. *Pommern* and the other so-called "five-minute ships" came to their aid by steaming in between the opposing battlecruiser squadrons. *Pommern* could not make out a target in the darkness, but several of her sisters could, though their shooting was ineffective. The British battlecruisers scored several hits on the German ships, including one on *Pommern* by a 12-inch (30.5 cm) shell fired by *Indomitable*, forcing her to haul out of line. Mauve ordered an 8-point turn to the south to disengage from the British, and they did not follow.

At 3:10 on the morning of 1 June, *Pommern* was torpedoed by the British destroyer *Onslaught*. At least one torpedo, and possibly a second, struck the ship, detonating one of the 17 cm ammunition magazines. A tremendous explosion broke the ship in half. The stern capsized and remained afloat for at least 20 minutes with her propellers jutting into the air. *Hannover*, the ship directly astern of *Pommern*, was forced to haul out of line to avoid the wreck. *Pommern*'s entire crew of 839 officers and enlisted men were killed when the ship sank. She was the only battleship, pre-dreadnought or dreadnought, in either fleet to be sunk at Jutland; her loss, coupled with the vulnerabilities of the surviving pre-dreadnoughts, prompted Scheer to leave them behind during the sortie of 18–19 August 1916. The ship's bow ornament, which had been removed at the outbreak of war in July 1914, is preserved at the Laboe Naval Memorial.

## Footnotes

### Notes

### Citations

1. Staff, p. 5.
2. Hore, p. 69.
3. Campbell & Sieche, pp. 21–22.
4. Herwig, p. 57.
5. Gröner, p. 21.
6. Gröner, p. 20.
7. Grießmer, p. 177.
8. Gröner, pp. 20–21.
9. Staff, p. 6.
10. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 6, p. 237.
11. Staff, p. 12.
12. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 6, pp. 237–238.
13. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 6, p. 238.
14. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 2, p. 238.
15. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 2, pp. 235, 238.
16. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 2, pp. 240–241.
17. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 2, pp. 241–242.
18. Staff, p. 11.
19. Herwig, p. 144.
20. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 6, p. 249.
21. Tarrant, p. 27.
22. Campbell & Sieche, p. 136.
23. Staff, p. 14.
24. Tarrant, pp. 31–33.
25. Staff, p. 10.
26. Tarrant, pp. 52–54.
27. Tarrant, p. 58.
28. Tarrant, p. 62.
29. Tarrant, p. 286.
30. London, p. 73.
31. Tarrant, p. 150.
32. Tarrant, pp. 150–152.
33. Tarrant, pp. 152–153.
34. Tarrant, p. 154.
35. Tarrant, p. 155.
36. Tarrant, p. 195.
37. London, pp. 70–71.
38. Campbell, p. 254.
39. Staff, pp. 12–13.
40. Campbell, p. 305.
41. Staff, p. 13.
42. Campbell, p. 338.
43. Halpern, p. 330.
* Campbell, John (1998). *Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting*. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-1-55821-759-1.
* Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921*. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
* Grießmer, Axel (1999). *Die Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz* \[*The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws*\] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7637-5985-9.
* Gröner, Erich (1990). *German Warships: 1815–1945*. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
* Halpern, Paul G. (1995). *A Naval History of World War I*. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-352-7.
* Herwig, Holger (1998) \[1980\]. *"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918*. Amherst: Humanity Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-286-9.
* Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). *Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart* \[*The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present*\] (in German). Vol. 2. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7822-0287-9.
* Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). *Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart* \[*The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present*\] (in German). Vol. 6. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7822-0237-4.
* Hore, Peter (2006). *The Ironclads*. London: Southwater Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84476-299-6.
* London, Charles (2000). *Jutland 1916: Clash of the Dreadnoughts*. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-992-8.
* Staff, Gary (2010). *German Battleships: 1914–1918*. Vol. 1: Deutschland, Nassau and Helgoland Classes. Oxford: Osprey Books. ISBN 978-1-84603-467-1.
* Tarrant, V. E. (2001) \[1995\]. *Jutland: The German Perspective*. London: Cassell Military Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-304-35848-9.

## Further reading

* Dodson, Aidan (2014). "Last of the Line: The German Battleships of the Braunschweig and Deutschland Classes". In Jordan, John; Dent, Stephen (eds.). *Warship 2014*. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 49–69. ISBN 978-1-59114-923-1.
* Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2001). *Die Panzer- und Linienschiffe der Brandenburg-, Kaiser Friedrich III-, Wittlesbach-, Braunschweig- und Deutschland-Klasse* \[*The Armored and Battleships of the Brandenburg, Kaiser Friedrich III, Wittelsbach, Braunschweig, and Deutschland Classes*\] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7637-6211-8.

## InfoBox

| SMS *Pommern* in 1907 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| German Empire | |
| Name | *Pommern* |
| Namesake | Pomerania |
| Builder | AG Vulcan, Stettin |
| Laid down | 22 March 1904 |
| Launched | 2 December 1905 |
| Commissioned | 6 August 1907 |
| Fate | Sunk by British destroyers at the Battle of Jutland, 1 June 1916 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Deutschland*-class battleship |
| Displacement |  |
| Length | 127.6 m (418 ft 8 in) |
| Beam | 22.2 m (72 ft 10 in) |
| Draft | 7.7 m (25 ft 3 in) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) |
| Range | 5,830 nmi (10,800 km; 6,710 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | * 35 officers * 708 enlisted men |
| Armament |  |
| Armor |  |


title: Anoplus plantaris

abstract: Anoplus plantaris is a species of weevil native to Europe.

text:
# Anoplus plantaris

***Anoplus plantaris*** is a species of weevil native to Europe.

## InfoBox

| *Anoplus plantaris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Anoplus plantaris* leaf mark on *Betula verrucosa* Museum Wiesbaden | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | *Anoplus* |
| Species: | ***A. plantaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anoplus plantaris***<br>(Naezen, 1794) | |
|


title: Heber Elementary School District

abstract: Heber Elementary School District is a public school district based in Imperial County, California, United States.

text:
# Heber Elementary School District

**Heber Elementary School District** is a public school district based in Imperial County, California, United States.

## InfoBox

| Heber Elementary School District | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| 1051 Heber Ave.<br>Heber, California 92249 United States | |
| District information | |
| Established | 1908 |
| Superintendent | Juan Cruz |
| Schools | Heber Elementary School Dogwood Elementary School |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.hesdk8.org |


title: Pinus bhutanica

abstract: Pinus bhutanica, which may be called the Bhutan white pine, is a tree restricted to Bhutan and adjacent parts of northeast India and southwest China. Along with the related Pinus wallichiana it is a constituent of lower altitude blue pine forests. This pine reaches a height of 25 meters. Note that P. wallichiana is sometimes called by the common name 'Bhutan pine'. The needles are in bundles of five, up to 25 cm long. The cones are 12–20 cm in length, with thin scales; the seeds are 5–6 mm long, with a 20–25 mm wing. It differs from P. wallichiana in the much longer, strongly drooping needles, and the cones being slightly smaller and red-brown, rather than yellow-buff, when mature. It is also adapted to generally warmer, wetter climates at lower altitudes, with an intense summer monsoon. Despite the two being closely related and at least occasionally growing together, no hybrids or intermediates have ever been reported.

text:
# Pinus bhutanica

***Pinus bhutanica***, which may be called the **Bhutan white pine**, is a tree restricted to Bhutan and adjacent parts of northeast India (Arunachal Pradesh) and southwest China (Yunnan and Tibet). Along with the related *Pinus wallichiana* it is a constituent of lower altitude blue pine forests. This pine reaches a height of 25 meters. Note that *P. wallichiana* is sometimes called by the common name 'Bhutan pine'.

The needles are in bundles of five, up to 25 cm long. The cones are 12–20 cm in length, with thin scales; the seeds are 5–6 mm long, with a 20–25 mm wing. It differs from *P. wallichiana* in the much longer, strongly drooping needles, and the cones being slightly smaller and red-brown, rather than yellow-buff, when mature. It is also adapted to generally warmer, wetter climates at lower altitudes, with an intense summer monsoon. Despite the two being closely related and at least occasionally growing together, no hybrids or intermediates have ever been reported.

## Further reading

* Grierson, A. J. C., D. G. Long, and C. N. Page. "Notes relating to the flora of Bhutan:(III). Pinus bhutanica: a new 5-needle pine from Bhutan and India." Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 38.2 (1980): 297-310.

## InfoBox

| Bhutan white pine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Himalayan buzzard (*Buteo burmanicus*) on *Pinus bhutanica* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | *Pinus* |
| Subgenus: | *P.* subg. *Strobus* |
| Section: | *P. sect. Quinquefoliae* |
| Subsection: | *P. subsect. Strobus* |
| Species: | ***P. bhutanica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pinus bhutanica***
Grierson, Long & Page | |
|


title: USS Washington (1776 row galley)

abstract: USS Washington was a large row galley, with a rowing crew of 60, that was placed into service under the control of the Continental Congress in 1776. During this age of sail, row galleys were highly maneuverable compared to sailing ships whose movements were dependent on the wind. Washington's war record consisted of an attack on several British warships, and, after finding itself on the losing side of the battle, the row galley rowed away, out of danger. There is no further report of her efforts for the Continental Navy.

text:
# USS Washington (1776 row galley)

**USS *Washington*** was a large row galley, with a rowing crew of 60, that was placed into service under the control of the Continental Congress in 1776. During this age of sail, row galleys were highly maneuverable compared to sailing ships whose movements were dependent on the wind. *Washington*'s war record consisted of an attack on several British warships, and, after finding itself on the losing side of the battle, the row galley rowed away, out of danger. There is no further report of her efforts for the Continental Navy.

## Authorized by Rhode Island

In the autumn of 1775, the Rhode Island General Assembly ordered the construction of two row galleys, *Washington* and *Spitfire*, and in January 1776 appointed John Grimes commodore of galleys. During the winter and spring of 1776, these galleys operated in Narragansett Bay, protecting the colony's shipping, carrying troops, and covering foraging parties seeking supplies.

The General Assembly voted and resolved that;

> two row-gallies be forthwith built and equipped at the expense of the colony, for its protection and defense; that they be of suitable bigness to carry sixty men, each; to row with fifteen oars on a side, and to mount one eighteen, pounder in the bow, and a number of swivel guns; and that they be built in such further and particular form, model and construction as shall be judged most fitting, by the committee hereafter named, for answering the design and purpose of their building. And that Ambrose Page, Esq. be the person for the above purpose, and that he be empowered to draw out of the general treasury, a sum not exceeding £-300, to enable him to prosecute the building. In October following, Ambrose Page, Esq., was requested to procure the two row-gallies belonging to the colony, to be immediately completed fit for service; and that he draw out of the general treasury the sum of £100, lawful money, for the purpose aforesaid.

## Seeking battle with the British

In July, the galleys were sent to New York City to join the tiny flotilla George Washington was fitting out on the Hudson River and apparently came under Continental control.

On the afternoon of 3 August, *Washington* served as *flagship* for Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Tupper as that officer led an attack on the Royal Navy's warships *Phoenix* and *Rose*. As the galleys approached, *Phoenix* opened fire on the American boats to begin an action at grapeshot range which lasted some two hours before the Americans retired to Dobb's Ferry. During the engagement, four Americans were killed, and 14 others were wounded. On the British side, *Phoenix* was hulled twice and suffered substantial damage.

## Fate

There is no record of *Washington* and her sister galleys after the British captured Manhattan Island late in the summer.

## Sources

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Washington* |
| Namesake | George Washington |
| Ordered | in 1775 by the Rhode Island General Assembly |
| In service | January 1776 |
| Out of service | August 1776 |
| Fate | Unknown |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Row galley |
| Propulsion | Oars |
| Complement | 60 |
| Armament | One 18-pounder gun |


title: HD 48099

abstract: HD 48099 is a spectroscopic binary in the constellation Monoceros where both components are massive and luminous O stars. Binary stars offer the opportunity to directly measure the mass of each component, but in the case the orbital inclination is very low and the masses cannot be accurately determined. The stars are orbiting extremely close together, separated only by about the diameters of the stars themselves. They complete one orbit in just over three days. Although HD 48099 only has a moderate space velocity of 37.7 km/s, it has produced a bow shock 2.26 parsecs from the star itself.

text:
# HD 48099

**HD 48099** is a spectroscopic binary in the constellation Monoceros where both components are massive and luminous  stars.

Binary stars offer the opportunity to directly measure the mass of each component, but in the case the orbital inclination is very low and the masses cannot be accurately determined. The stars are orbiting extremely close together, separated only by about the diameters of the stars themselves. They complete one orbit in just over three days.

Although HD 48099 only has a moderate space velocity of 37.7 km/s, it has produced a bow shock 2.26 parsecs from the star itself.

## InfoBox

HD 48099
| Location of JD 48099 (circled) | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| Constellation | Monoceros |
|
| Right ascension | 06h 41m 59.2309s |
| Declination | +06° 20 43.531 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.37 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | O5.5V((f)) + O9V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| U−B color index | 0.94 |
| B−V color index | 0.05 |
|
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +1.30 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: 0.84 mas/yr
Dec.: 2.55 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 1.17 ± 0.41 mas |
| **Distance** | 1829 pc |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 5.6 |
|  | |
| Orbit | |
| **Period (P)** | 3.0786 days |
| **Semi-major axis (a)** | ~33 R |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.0 |
| **Inclination (i)** | 16° |
| **Semi-amplitude** (K1)
(primary) | 54.4 km/s |
| **Semi-amplitude** (K2)
(secondary) | 96.2 km/s |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 55 |
| **Radius** | 11.6 |
| **Luminosity** | 450,000 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.5 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 44,000 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 330 km/s |
| secondary | |
| **Mass** | 19 |
| **Radius** | 6.5 |
| **Luminosity** | 40,000 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.5 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 32,000 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 185 km/s |
| Other designations | |
| HR 2467, HD 48099, HIP 32067, SAO 114293, BD+06°1351 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Inbred strain

abstract: Inbred strains are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature. Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible. Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory.

text:
# Inbred strain

**Inbred strains** (also called **inbred lines**, or rarely for animals **linear animals**) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature. Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible.

Certain plants including the genetic model organism *Arabidopsis thaliana* naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another).

## In the lab

Inbred strains have been extensively used in research. Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work that probably could not have been done without inbred strains. This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

Isogenic organisms have identical, or near identical genotypes. which is true of inbred strains, since they normally have at least 98.6% similarity by generation 20. This exceedingly high uniformity means that fewer individuals are required to produce results with the same level of statistical significance when an inbred line is used in comparison to an outbred line in the same experiment.

Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. The embryos of lines that are of little interest currently can be frozen and preserved until there is an interest in their unique genotypical or phenotypical traits.

### Recombinant inbred lines

For the analysis of the linkage of quantitative traits, recombinant lines are useful because of their isogenic nature, because the genetic similarity of individuals allows for the replication of a quantitative trait locus analysis. The replication increases the precision of the results from the mapping experiment, and is required for traits such as aging where minor changes in the environment can influence the longevity of an organism, leading to variation in results.

### Coisogenic strain

One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain.

### Gal4 lines

One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. Gal4/UAS is a driver system, where Gal4 can be expressed in specific tissues under specific conditions based on its location in the Drosophila genome. Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. Unknown expression patterns can also be determined by using Green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the protein expressed by UAS. Drosophila in particular has thousands of Gal4 lines with unique and specific expression patterns, making it possible to test most expression patterns within the organism.

## Effects

Inbreeding animals will sometimes lead to genetic drift. The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. A hybrid between two inbred strains can be used to cancel out deleterious recessive genes resulting in an increase in the mentioned areas. This is known as heterosis.

Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. Jackson Laboratory, in an information session on the genetic drift in mice, calculated a quick estimate of the rate of mutation based on observed traits to be 1 phenotypic mutation every 1.8 generations, though they caution that this is likely an under-representation because the data they used was for visible phenotypic changes and not phenotype changes inside of mice strains. They further add that statistically every 6-9 generations, a mutation in the coding sequence is fixed, leading to the creation of a new substrain. Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically.

## Notable species

### Rats and mice

"The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C. Little in 1909. The latter project led to the development of the DBA strain of mice, now widely distributed as the two major sub-strains DBA/1 and DBA/2, which were separated in 1929-1930. DBA mice were nearly lost in 1918, when the main stocks were wiped out by murine paratyphoid, and only three un-pedigreed mice remained alive. Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). Many of the most popular strains of mice were developed during the next decade, and some are closely related. Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150–200 years ago."

"Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI, ACH, A7322 and COP. Tryon's classic work on selection for maze-bright and dull rats led to the development of the TMB and TMD inbred strains, and later to the common use of inbred rats by experimental psychologists."

#### Rats

* Wistar as a generic name for inbred strains such as Wistar-Kyoto, developed from the Wistar outbred strains.
* The Rat Genome Database maintains the current list of inbred rat lines and their characteristics.

#### Mice

The numerous inbred strains of mice have been mapped extensively. A genealogical chart building on those relationships is actively maintained by the Jackson Laboratory, and can be found on their website.

### Guinea pigs

G. M. Rommel first started conducting inbreeding experiments on guinea pigs in 1906. Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. Sewall Wright took over the experiment in 1915. He was faced with the task of analyzing all of the accumulated data produced by Rommel. Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding. By 1920 Wright had developed his method of path coefficients, which he then used to develop his mathematical theory of inbreeding. Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient *F* as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright.

### Medaka

The Japanese Medaka fish has a high tolerance for inbreeding, one line having been bred brother-sister for as many as 100 generations without evidence of inbreeding depression, providing a ready tool for laboratory research and genetic manipulations. Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. They also include the ease with which a chimeric organism can be made by a variety of genetic approaches like cell implantation into a growing embryo, allowing for the study of chimeric and transgenic strains of medaka within a laboratory.

### Zebrafish

Though there are many traits about zebrafish that are worthwhile to study including their regeneration, there are relatively few inbred strains of zebrafish possibly because they experience greater effects from inbreeding depression than mice or Medaka fish, but it is unclear if the effects of inbreeding can be overcome so an isogenic strain can be created for laboratory use.


title: IK Östria Lambohov

abstract: IK Östria Lambohov was a Swedish football club located in Linköping in Östergötland County.

text:
# IK Östria Lambohov

**IK Östria Lambohov** was a Swedish football club located in Linköping in Östergötland County.

## Background

Idrottsklubben Östria Lambohov was founded on 24 January 1937 as Klints IK and in September of the same year changed their name to Bjärka Säby Östra IK.

Since their foundation IK Östria Lambohov participated mainly in the middle and lower divisions of the Swedish football league system. The club's last season was in Division 3 Nordöstra Götaland which is the fifth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Lambohovsvallen in Linköping.

IK Östria Lambohov were affiliated to Östergötlands Fotbollförbund. The club currently has around 1,500 members of which about 700 are active players. The club runs teams throughout the age groups from the youngest (Soccer for fun) through to the men's and ladies senior sides. The catchment area for the youth section is essentially Lambohov, Slaka and Skeda.

In 2013 the team merged with BK Kenty to form AFK Linköping. In 2018 the team was re-founded.

## Recent history

In recent seasons IK Östria Lambohov have competed in the following divisions:

## Season to season

| **Season** **Level** **Division** **Section** **Position** **Movements**  2007 Tier 5 **Division 3** Nordöstra Götaland **7th**   2008 Tier 5 **Division 3** Nordöstra Götaland **8th** Relegation Playoffs \- Not Relegated  2009 Tier 5 **Division 3** Nordöstra Götaland **3rd**   2010 Tier 5 **Division 3** Nordöstra Götaland **5th**   2011 Tier 5 **Division 3** Nordöstra Götaland **4th**   2012 Tier 5 **Division 3** Nordöstra Götaland **3rd**   2018 Tier 8 **Division 6** Östergötland Mellersta **1st** Promoted  2019 Tier 7 **Division 5** Östergötland Västra **1st** Promoted  2020 Tier 6 **Division 4** Östergötland Västra     ** League restructuring in 2006 resulted in a new division being created at Tier 3 and subsequent divisions dropping a level.* |
| --- |

## Attendances

In recent seasons IK Östria Lambohov have had the following average attendances:

| **Season** **Average Attendance** **Division / Section** **Level**  2006 *Not available* Div 4 Östergötland Västra Tier 6  2007 117 Div 3 Nordöstra Götaland Tier 5  2008 121 Div 3 Nordöstra Götaland Tier 5  2009 120 Div 3 Nordöstra Götaland Tier 5  2010 169 Div 3 Nordöstra Götaland Tier 5  2011 186 Div 3 Nordöstra Götaland Tier 5  2012 203 Div 3 Nordöstra Götaland Tier 5  2013  Did not compete   2014  Did not compete   2015  Did not compete   2016  Did not compete   2017  Did not compete   2018 46 Div 6 Mellersta Östergötland Tier 8   ** Attendances are provided in the Publikliga sections of the Svenska Fotbollförbundet website.* |
| --- |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

IK Östria Lambohov
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Idrottsklubben Östria Lambohov |
| Nickname(s) | Svartgula, Lambo, IKÖL |
| Founded | 24 January 1937 |
| Ground | Lambohovsvallen
Linköping
Sweden |
| Capacity | 1,000 |
| Chairman | Robin Hals |
| Head Coach | Greger Johansson |
| League | Division 4 Östergötland Västra |
| 2019 | Division 5 Östergötland Västra, 1st |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Onslow St Audrey's School

abstract: Onslow St Audrey's School is a co-educational secondary school and sixth form situated in Hatfield, Hertfordshire in England. It specialises in business and enterprise, and is one of only two schools nationally to be awarded British Red Cross School status. Around 550 students attend Onslow St Audrey's. It caters for pupils aged 11 to 18.

text:
# Onslow St Audrey's School

**Onslow St Audrey's School** is a co-educational secondary school and sixth form situated in Hatfield, Hertfordshire in England. It specialises in business and enterprise, and is one of only two schools nationally to be awarded British Red Cross School status. Around 550 students attend Onslow St Audrey's. It caters for pupils aged 11 to 18.

## Sixth Form

The sixth form is made up of approximately 100 students, spread across two-year groups. Although the Sixth Form block, which contains a Study Room and a Common Room, is based away from the central school building, all lessons take place in the main school buildings.

The Sixth Form is part of the 16 to 19 Welwyn & Hatfield Consortium and as such offers a wide range of A-Level subjects. Within the school and in the consortium with other Welwyn and Hatfield schools. A-Levels in Mathematics, English, History, Catering and Hospitality, Art, Music, Business, ICT, Science applied, Biology, Psychology, Childcare, Photography, Public Services and Sport are offered, as well as a range of other BTECs.

## School performance

Its most recent Ofsted inspection report deeming it to be "good with a number of outstanding features."

The 2009 Ofsted inspection report judged care, guidance and support to be outstanding, wrote of "students' pride in and enjoyment of their school", and deemed attainment and achievement to be good. Ofsted judged overall leadership and management to be good and leadership to be outstanding.

## InfoBox

| Onslow St Audrey's School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Old Rectory Drive
Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 8AB
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°45′37″N 0°13′14″W / 51.76019°N 0.22053°W / 51.76019; -0.22053 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Department for Education URN | 147535 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Headteacher | J. Jones |
| Gender | Co-educational |
| Age | 11 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 550 |
| Website | www.onslow.herts.sch.uk |


title: SK Gas Cup

abstract: The SK Gas Cup is a Go competition.

text:
# SK Gas Cup

The **SK Gas Cup** is a Go competition.

## Outline

The SK Gas Cup is sponsored by SK Gas. The participants must be under the age of 25 and under the rank of 5 dan. The komi is 6.5 points. Thinking time is 3 hours. The winner's prize is 10,000,000 Won ($8,500).

## Past winners

| Player | Years Held |
| --- | --- |
| An Choyoung | 1997 |
| Lee Seong-Jae | 1998 |
| Mok Jin-seok | 1999 |
| Lee Sang-Hoon | 2000 |
| Kang Jisung | 2001 |
| Lee Sedol | 2002 |
| Cho Hanseung | 2003 |
| Park Jungsang | 2004 |
| Kang Dongyun | 2005 |
| Paek Hongsuk | 2006 |

**Previous winners (and defeated finalists)**:

```
12nd 2008 Kim Kiyoung      (d. Park Jung Hwan    2-1)
11st 2007 Yun Junsang      (d. Heo Yeongho       2-1)
10th 2006 Baek Hongsuk     (d. Lee Yeongkyu      2-0)
9th 2005 Kang Dongyun      (d. Ko Geuntae        2-0)
8th 2004 Park Jungsang       (d. An Younggil       2-1)
7th 2003 Cho Hanseung      (d. Paek Tae-hyeon    2-0)
6th 2002 Yi Se-tol         (d. Paek Tae-hyeon    2-0)
5th 2001 Kang Chi-seong    (d. Paek Tae-hyeon    2-0)
4th 2000 Yi Sang-hun       (d. Yi Se-tol         2-1)
3rd 1999 Mok Chin-seok     (d. Weon Seong-chin   2-0)
2nd 1998 Yi Seong-chae     (d. Mok Chin-seok     1-0)
1st 1997 An Cho-yeong      (d. Kim Yeong-sam     1-0)
```

"It is very important for junior players like me to study harder and harder. I am replaying and analyzing pro games daily. I think, it’s more important than playing Go a lot." - said Park Jungsang


title: John Schneider (stage actor)

abstract: John Schneider is an American actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University.

text:
# John Schneider (stage actor)

**John Schneider** is an American actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University.

## Career

He was one of the founding members of Theatre X, has appeared in hundreds of the group's productions since 1969, and was its artistic director and resident playwright until the group disbanded in 2004. His plays, produced by Theatre X and other companies around the world, include *Acts of Kindness*, *An Interest in Strangers*, and numerous literary adaptations.

Since 1988, Schneider has also performed as a cabaret singer, tap dancer, and leader of the John Schneider Orchestra, a touring jazz/swing group. He has also appeared on film, as a narrator in Wisconsin Death Trip.


title: Gillellus chathamensis

abstract: Gillellus chathamensis, the Cocos stargazer, is a species of sand stargazer endemic to Cocos Island, Costa Rica where it can be found in areas with sandy bottoms at depths of from 5 to 12 metres. It can reach a maximum length of 3.8 centimetres (1.5 in) TL.

text:
# Gillellus chathamensis

***Gillellus chathamensis***, the **Cocos stargazer**, is a species of sand stargazer endemic to Cocos Island, Costa Rica where it can be found in areas with sandy bottoms at depths of from 5 to 12 metres (16 to 39 ft). It can reach a maximum length of 3.8 centimetres (1.5 in) TL.

## InfoBox

| *Gillellus chathamensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Dactyloscopidae |
| Genus: | *Gillellus* |
| Species: | ***G. chathamensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gillellus chathamensis***
C. E. Dawson, 1977 | |
|


abstract: India–United States Defense Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X) is a strategic alliance in technology and defense industry collaboration between India and the United States.

text:
# India–United States Defense Acceleration Ecosystem

**India–United States Defense Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X)** is a strategic alliance in technology and defense industry collaboration between India and the United States.

## Background

The alliance was launched on 21 June 2023 in Washington, D.C. by the United States Department of Defense and the Ministry of Defence at an event hosted by the U.S.-India Business Council. During the event a factsheet was disseminated that detailed the collaboration plan for INDUS-X participants. This plan is centered around two main themes: 'Bilateral Cooperation Mechanism,' and 'Public–Private Partnerships.'

The inauguration of INDUS-X occurred concurrently with a three-day state visit to the United States by Indian prime minister Narendra Modi hosted by president Joe Biden, shortly after the activation of the United States-India Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET).


title: IK Waxholm

abstract: IK Waxholm is a Swedish ice hockey club based in the city of Vaxholm

text:
# IK Waxholm

**IK Waxholm** is a Swedish ice hockey club based in the city of Vaxholm

## History

Founded in 1993, Waxholm initially played in Hockeytrean, which was then the 4th-level of professional hockey in Sweden. In its 5th season, the team was able to earn a promotion to Hockeytvåan. Two years later, Swedish hockey had a league realignment and Waxholm was moved to Division 1, though they still remained a 3rd-tier club. In 2002, after posting a deplorable 1–13 record, the team was dropped back to Hockeytrean which had become a 5th-tier league in the interim. Waxholm sunk even further when they were relegated to Division 4 (6th-tier) in 2006 and, though they briefly recovered, the club remained there for over a decade. In 2018, Waxholm earned a promotion back to Hockeytrean and nearly earned another promotion in 2023.

## Season records

*Last 5 seasons*
*Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, OTW = Overtime Wins, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against*

| Season | League | Tier | GP | W | L | OTW | OTL | Pts | PCT | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018–19 | Hockeytrean | 5th | 12 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 18 | .500 | 45 | 49 |
| 2019–20 | Hockeytrean | 5th | 14 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 11 | .286 | 34 | 61 |
| 2020–21 | Hockeytrean | 5th | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | .250 | 17 | 23 |
| 2021–22 | Hockeytrean | 5th | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 24 | .571 | 48 | 24 |
| 2022–23 | Hockeytrean | 5th | 20 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 56 | .950 | 120 | 43 |

## InfoBox

| IK Waxholm | |
| --- | --- |
| City | Vaxholm, Sweden |
| Operated | 1993–Present |
| Colors | red, blue<br> |
| Website | https://www.svenskalag.se/ikwaxholm |


title: Oonopoides

abstract: Oonopoides is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 1940 by Bryant. As of 2017, it contains 22 North American species.

text:
# Oonopoides

***Oonopoides*** is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 1940 by Bryant. As of 2017, it contains 22 North American species.

## Species

*Oonopoides* comprises the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Oonopoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oonopidae |
| Genus: | *Oonopoides*
Bryant |
|
| Type species | |
| *Oonopoides maxillaris*
 | |
| Species | |
| 22, see text | |


title: Vasile Dolghieru

abstract: Vasile Dolghieru is a former Moldovan politician. He served as Minister of Justice from 12 February 2003 to 8 July 2004. He was appointed via a presidential decree after Ion Morei was ousted earlier that day. In July 2004, Victoria Iftodi was appointed as his successor.

text:
# Vasile Dolghieru

**Vasile Dolghieru** (born 15 October 1966) is a former Moldovan politician. He served as Minister of Justice from 12 February 2003 to 8 July 2004. He was appointed via a presidential decree after Ion Morei was ousted earlier that day. In July 2004, Victoria Iftodi was appointed as his successor.

## InfoBox

| Vasile Dolghieru | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Justice | |
| **In office**<br>12 February 2003  8 July 2004 | |
| President | Vladimir Voronin |
| Prime Minister | Vasile Tarlev |
| Preceded by | Ion Morei |
| Succeeded by | Victoria Iftodi |
|  | |
|  | |


title: SCL Group

abstract: SCL Group was a private British behavioural research and strategic communication company that came to prominence through the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal involving its subsidiaries Cambridge Analytica and Crow Business Solutions MENA. It was founded in 1990 by Nigel Oakes, who served as its CEO. The company described itself as a "global election management agency". The company's leaders and owners had close ties to the Conservative Party, the British royal family, British military, United States Department of Defense and NATO and its investors included some of the largest donors to the Conservative Party.

text:
# SCL Group

**SCL Group** (formerly **Strategic Communication Laboratories**) was a private British behavioural research and strategic communication company that came to prominence through the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal involving its subsidiaries Cambridge Analytica and Crow Business Solutions MENA. It was founded in 1990 by Nigel Oakes, who served as its CEO. The company described itself as a "global election management agency". The company's leaders and owners had close ties to the Conservative Party, the British royal family, British military, United States Department of Defense and NATO and its investors included some of the largest donors to the Conservative Party.

## History

In 1990, Nigel Oakes, who had a background in TV production and advertising, founded the **Behavioural Dynamics Institute (BDI)** as a research facility for strategic communication. The study of mass behaviour and how to change it led him to establish **Strategic Communication Laboratories** in 1993. Oakes thought that to shift mass opinion, academic insights as gained through psychologists and anthropologists at BDI should be applied, and would be more successful than traditional advertising methods. BDI became a non-profit affiliate of SCL. Among the investors in SCL were banker Paul David Ashburner Nix, whose son Alexander Nix was to become a close associate of Oakes. One of the former directors is Lord Ivar Mountbatten. Among the investors in the company were Jonathan Marland, Baron Marland and Roger Gabb, a major Conservative Party donor who was registered as having significant control over the company as of 2018.

## Activities

After an initial commercial success, SCL expanded into military and political arenas. It became known for alleged involvement "in military disinformation campaigns to social media branding and voter targeting". SCL began targeting elections in developing countries in the early 1990s, and has engaged in psychological warfare in military contexts as a contractor for the American and British militaries during the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War. It performed data mining and data analysis on its audience. Based on results, communications would then be specifically targeted to key audience groups to modify behaviour in accordance with the goal of SCL's client.

In 2005, "with a glitzy exhibit" at Defence and Security Equipment International (DSEI), "the United Kingdom's largest showcase for military technology", SCL demonstrated its capacity in "influence operations": "to help orchestrate a sophisticated campaign of mass deception" on the public of a big city like London. According to its website, SCL has participated in over 25 international political and electoral campaigns since 1994.

SCL's involvement in the political world has been primarily in the developing world where it has been used by the military and politicians to study and manipulate public opinion and political will. It uses what have been called "psy ops" to provide insight into the thinking of the target audience. SCL claimed to be able to help foment coups. According to its website, SCL has influenced elections in Italy, Latvia, Ukraine, Albania, Romania, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Mauritius, India, Indonesia, The Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Colombia, Antigua, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, St. Kitts & Nevis, and Trinidad & Tobago. While the company initially got involved in elections in the United Kingdom, after 1997 it only engaged non-election campaigns because staff members did not exhibit the same "aloof sensibility" as with projects abroad.

In 2013 it established the subsidiary Cambridge Analytica that worked on the Ted Cruz and Donald Trump campaigns during the 2016 US presidential election and even now the proclaimed associated office in Cairo that opened during the global pandemic of COVID-19. In 2020 it was linked to the Bahraini company named Crow Trading ltd. that was founded by Dr. Mohamed Y. Abdelrahman, an Egyptian scientist in behavioral psychology.

SCL claims that its methodology has been approved or endorsed by agencies of the Government of the United Kingdom and the United States federal government, among others.

### Cambridge Analytica

SCL formed Cambridge Analytica to participate in the election process in the United States. It entered the U.S. market in 2012, and was involved in 44 U.S. congressional, US Senate and state-level elections in the 2014 midterm elections. In 2015 it was disclosed that the company had entered the Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2016 election, primarily in support of Ted Cruz. Cambridge Analytica is heavily funded by hedge-fund billionaire Robert Mercer, a major supporter of Cruz and then Donald Trump, and is now under investigation by both the UK and the US governments. The company has since been disbanded and was bought by Emerdata Limited.

### Emerdata Limited

Emerdata Limited was established in August 2017, by many of the people involved in Cambridge Analytica. Emerdata was established in 2017 by the chief data officer and chairman of Cambridge Analytica's parent company SCL Group, which closed operations on 1 May 2018. Its headquarters in London is in the same building as Cambridge Analytica. The company was noted as appearing to offer similar services as SCL Group and Cambridge Analytica.

Emerdata's board of directors included Frontier Services Group officer Johnson Chun Shun Ko, a Hong Kong businessman linked to Erik Prince (founder of Blackwater), Cambridge Analytica investor Rebekah Mercer, and Cambridge Analytica CEO Alexander Nix. In January 2018, Emerdata reportedly raised $19 million from international investors. Emerdata was widely discussed in the news media. It was portrayed as a potential successor to Cambridge Analytica. In May 2018, Nigel Oakes, founder of the SCL Group, Cambridge Analytica's British affiliate, acknowledged that Emerdata's intent had been to acquire Cambridge Analytica and SCL, but said that these plans had been abandoned and that Emerdata and its partly-owned subsidiary Firecrest Technologies Ltd., which had been set up by former Cambridge Analytica CEO Alexander Nix, would be wound down. In July 2019, it was revealed that Emerdata "fully acquired" those companies, "has been footing the SCL companies' legal bills amid bankruptcy proceedings, investigations, and lawsuits on both sides of the Atlantic", and "also paid millions to acquire what remained of the companies while they \[were\] being liquidated".

### Board of directors

As of March 2018, the company had four directors: Roger Michael Gabb, Alexander Nix, Nigel John Oakes and Julian David Wheatland. The company was first incorporated at Companies House on 20 July 2005 as Strategic Communication Laboratories Limited, using the shell company registrar SDG Registrars Limited which has acted on behalf of nearly 4,500 companies. The latest director is Jacquelyn James-Varga who has previously worked at the Mercer Family Foundation.

## Closure announcement

On 1 May 2018, SCL Group stated that it would be closing operations because of the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal. However, its website and staff continued to operate but have subsequently shut down. SCL group is owned by its parent company SCL Elections.

### FTC investigation

In 2019 the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed an administrative complaint against Cambridge Analytica for misuse of data, while filing settlements with its former CEO Alexander Nix and app developer Aleksandr Kogan in which they agreed to delete illegally obtained data; the case against the company itself is still ongoing.

### Disqualification of Alexander Nix

In 2020 Alexander Nix signed a disqualification undertaking, accepted by Alok Sharma, the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 September 2020. The Insolvency Service commented that "Within the undertaking, Alexander Nix did not dispute that he caused or permitted SCL Elections Ltd or associated companies to market themselves as offering potentially unethical services to prospective clients; demonstrating a lack of commercial probity." Effective from 5 October 2020, Alexander Nix is disqualified for seven years from acting as a director or directly or indirectly becoming involved, without the permission of the court, in the promotion, formation or management of a UK company.

## InfoBox

SCL Group
|
|  |
| Formerly | Strategic Communication Laboratories |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry |  |
| Founded | 1990 (1990) as Behavioural Dynamics Institute |
| Founder | Nigel John Oakes |
| Defunct | 1 May 2018 (2018-05-01) |
| Headquarters | Chelmsford, United Kingdom |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people |  |
| Subsidiaries | Cambridge Analytica |
| Website | sclgroup.cc/home <br>Archived January 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine |


title: RSGU Post Graduate College Pukhrayan

abstract: RSGU Post Graduate College is situated in the city of Pukhrayan, Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh state, India. It is a Government Aides college and is affiliated to Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University of Kanpur.

text:
# RSGU Post Graduate College Pukhrayan

**RSGU Post Graduate College** is situated in the city of Pukhrayan, Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh state, India. It is a Government Aides college and is affiliated to Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University (CJSM University) of Kanpur.

## History

The college was founded in July 1968 by Vishwambhar Nath Dwivedi, President of college management committee, in memory of freedom fighter Ram Swarup Gupta.

## Location

It is located on old Kalpi Road near cattle market in Pukhrayan 1 kilometer from Pukhrayan railway station.

## Faculties

* Arts
* Commerce

## Facilities

* NCC
* Library
* Playground
* Sports

## Courses

* Govt. Aided: B.A. (Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Sociology, Political Science, History, Economics and Geography), M.A. (Hindi)
* Self financed: B.Com., M.A. (Economics)

## List of Principals

1. Rameshwar Prasad Dwivedi ( 1 August 1970---13 March 1987)
2. Gajodhar Lal Mishra (14 March 1987----15 January 1988)
3. Chandrika Prasad Dwivedi (16 Jan. 1988---30 June 1990)
4. Ashok Kumar Gupta (9 Aug. 1990---13 April 1992)
5. Chaturbhuj Dwivedi (14 Aug. 1992---30 June 1993)
6. Surendra Prasad Tiwari (10 July 1993---10 Sep. 1996)
7. Ashok Kumar Gupta (Sep.03, 1996---26 April 2002)
8. Chandra Prakash Singh (27 April 2002---16 June 2005)
9. Surendra Kumar Tiwari (16 June 2005---

## InfoBox

RSGU Post Graduate College Pukhrayan
| Established | 1969 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Vishwambhar Nath Dwivedi |
| Affiliation | Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University |
| President | Pratap Narayan Agrawal |
| Principal | Dr.M.C.Dwivedi |
| Academic staff | * Art:16 * Commerce:02 * non teaching:17 |
| Students | 1,650 |
| Location | Old Kalpi Road, Pukhrayan, Kanpur Dehat, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Website | npp-maujhs.com/rsgupgcollege/index.html |


title: Helcystogramma verberata

abstract: Helcystogramma verberata is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya and South Africa. The wingspan is 12–13 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous suffused with brownish and sprinkled with dark fuscous, sometimes with a few whitish scales. There is an undefined basal patch of dark fuscous suffusion, the outer edge running from two-fifths of the costa to one-fifth of the dorsum. There are three undefined fasciae of dark fuscous suffusion, the first from beyond the middle of the costa to before the middle of the dorsum, the second at four-fifths, parallel to the termen, the third terminal. The stigmata are small, blackish, with the plical slightly before the first discal. The hindwings are grey.

text:
# Helcystogramma verberata

***Helcystogramma verberata*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (North Kivu), Kenya and South Africa.

The wingspan is 12–13 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous suffused with brownish and sprinkled with dark fuscous, sometimes with a few whitish scales. There is an undefined basal patch of dark fuscous suffusion, the outer edge running from two-fifths of the costa to one-fifth of the dorsum. There are three undefined fasciae of dark fuscous suffusion, the first from beyond the middle of the costa to before the middle of the dorsum, the second at four-fifths, parallel to the termen, the third terminal. The stigmata are small, blackish, with the plical slightly before the first discal. The hindwings are grey.

## InfoBox

| *Helcystogramma verberata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Helcystogramma* |
| Species: | ***H. verberata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Helcystogramma verberata***<br>(Meyrick, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Brachmia verberata* Meyrick, 1911 | |


title: Misako Yasuda

abstract: Misako Yasuda is a Japanese actress and former gravure idol who is represented by the talent agency, Artist-house Pyramid.

text:
# Misako Yasuda

**Misako Yasuda** (安田 美沙子, *Yasuda Misako*, born April 21, 1982 in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan) is a Japanese actress and former gravure idol who is represented by the talent agency, Artist-house Pyramid.

## Filmography

### Variety

**Regular**

| Year | Title | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Shokunin no Men Kōbō* | BS Asahi |  |
| 2012 | *Tokyo Brandnew Girls* | TV Tokyo |  |
| | *Yasuda no Arukkata* | CBC |  |

**Quasi-regular**

| Year | Title | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Akko ni Omakase!* | TBS |  |
| 2010 | *Noro* | NHK General |  |
|  | *Ametōku!* | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Chi-chin Puipui* | MBS |  |

**One-shot guest appearance**

| Year | Title | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | *Otona no Yamaaruki: Jibun ni Deaeru Hyakumeizan* | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Himano-yu* | STV |  |

**Former regular and quasi-regular**

| Year | Title | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *Uchimura Produce* | TV Asahi |  |
| 2002 | *Shinasho* | CBC | Quasi-regular |
| 2003 | *Deji Yatai* | TBS |  |
| | *Ohayō Asahi-desu* | ABC | Trend reporter |
| 2004 | *Shibusuta S.B.S.T* | TV Tokyo | Tuesday regular |
| | *Gekisō! GT* | TV Tokyo | Regular |
| 2005 | *Hana Taka Tengu* | TBS | Quasi-regular |
| | *Buchi Nuki* | TV Tokyo | Friday regular |
| | *Gekkō Ongaku-dan* | TBS |  |
| | *Quiz! Hexagon II* | Fuji TV | Occasional appearances |
| 2007 | *Uma Nade: Uma to Nadeshiko* | Fuji TV | Regular |
| | *Super Keiba* | Fuji TV | Regular |
| | *Shin 3-kagetsu Topic Eikaiwa* | NHK Educational | Moderator |
| 2010 | *Impact* | CBC |  |
| 2011 | *Uma Doki* | KBS |  |
| | *Micha Eru!* | CBC |  |

### Drama

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Shio Calvi* | Beautiful woman | Kanagawa |  |
| 2004 | *Ā Rikon-shiki* |  | Fuji TV |  |
| 2005 | *Ichiban Kurai no wa Yoake Mae* | Naoko | TV Tokyo |  |
| | *Jukunen Rikon* | Yuki Tsuchida | TV Asahi |  |
| 2006 | *Isshūkan no Koi* | Ai Saito | TBS |  |
| | *Rocket Boys* | Ayako Tachibana | TV Tokyo |  |
| | *Seichō Matsumoto ke Mono-michi* | Ai Ogasawara | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Toritsu Mizusho!* | Mayuko Maruyama | NTV |  |
| | *The Cottage* | Shiho Takamura | WOWOW | Lead role |
| | *Hyōten* | Yumi Kano | TV Asahi |  |
| 2007 | *Joshi-ana Itchokusen!* | Yui Nakatake | TV Tokyo |  |
| 2008 | *Kyō wa Shibuya de 6-ji* | Kana Mizuuchi | Fuji TV |  |
| | *Loss: Time: Life* | Midori Ryomiya | Fuji TV |  |
| | *81diver* | Rika Muguruma | Fuji TV |  |
| 2009 | *Ninkyō Helper* | Satsuki Horii | Fuji TV |  |
| 2011 | *Honboshi: Shinri Tokusō Jiken-bo* | Mai Mujo | TV Asahi |  |
| 2012 | *Carnation* | Satoko Ohara | NHK |  |
| | *Dr. Kenji Morohashi* | Kyoko Nishina | Fuji TV |  |
| 2013 | *Taberu Dake* | Miwa Aida | TV Tokyo |  |
| 2014 | *Watashi no Kiraina Tantei* | Keiji Miki | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Tetsuko no Sodate-kata* | Sakura Igawa | Menu-tele |  |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | *Luna-Heights* | Madori Otsuki | Lead role |
| 2006 | *The Cottage* | Shiho Takamura | Lead role |
| | *Luna-Heights 2* | Madori Otsuki | Lead role |
| 2007 | *Arakure Knight* | Hinako Mitsui |  |
| 2009 | *April Bride* | Hanako |  |
| 2014 | *Bay Blues: 25-sai to 364-nichi* | Mikiko Takayama |  |

## InfoBox

| Misako Yasuda | |
| --- | --- |
| 安田 美沙子 | |
| Born | (1982-04-21) April 21, 1982<br>Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 2001 - present |
| Agent | * Artist-house Pyramid |
| Height | 1.61 m (5 ft 3 in) (2012) |
| Spouse | Naoyuki Shimotori (m. 2014) |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | Official profile |


title: HMAS Uki

abstract: HMAS Uki (FY.80) was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. Laid down at Lithgows, Port Glasgow, Scotland in 1923, Uki was owned and operated by the Sydney-based North Coast Steam Navigation Company. On 3 November 1939, Uki was requisitioned by the RAN for use as an auxiliary. During the war, Uki, Narani, and Bermagui made up Group 77 Minesweeper, based at HMAS Maitland, in Newcastle, New South Wales. In March 1943, Uki was requisitioned into the United States Navy. After being returned to her owners, she was sold to M. Bern & Co in 1954. She was hulked in Brisbane in 1960. She was later stripped and scuttled off Tangalooma, Queensland in June 1976.

text:
# HMAS Uki

**HMAS *Uki*** (FY.80) was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. Laid down at Lithgows, Port Glasgow, Scotland in 1923, *Uki* was owned and operated by the Sydney-based North Coast Steam Navigation Company. On 3 November 1939, *Uki* was requisitioned by the RAN for use as an auxiliary.

During the war, *Uki*, *Narani*, and *Bermagui* made up Group 77 Minesweeper, based at HMAS *Maitland*, in Newcastle, New South Wales. In March 1943, *Uki* was requisitioned into the United States Navy.

After being returned to her owners, she was sold to M. Bern & Co in 1954. She was hulked in Brisbane in 1960. She was later stripped and scuttled off Tangalooma, Queensland in June 1976.

## Citations

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name | *Uki* |
| Owner | North Coast Steam Navigation Company |
| Australia | |
| Name | *Uki* |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 545 gross register tonnage |
| Length | 152.9 ft (47 m) |
| Beam | 34.6 ft (11 m) |
| Depth | 8.5 ft (3 m) |


title: Onthatile Zulu

abstract: Onthatile 'Thati' Owethu Zulu is a field hockey player from South Africa. In 2020, she was an athlete at the Summer Olympics.

text:
# Onthatile Zulu

**Onthatile 'Thati' Owethu Zulu** (born 14 March 2000) is a field hockey player from South Africa. In 2020, she was an athlete at the Summer Olympics.

## Personal life

Onthatile Zulu was born and raised in Pretoria.

## Career

### National team

Zulu made her senior international debut for South Africa in 2019, during a qualifying event for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Stellenbosch.

Following a string of good performances in the lead up to selection, Zulu was named in the squad for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She will make her Olympic debut on 24 July 2021, in the Pool A match against Ireland.

Christa Ramasimong and her are the co-captains of the South Africa U21 team to compete in the FIH Women's Junior World Cup.

## Honours

### Club

**University of Pretoria**

## InfoBox

Onthatile Zulu
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Onthatile Owethu Zulu | | |
| Born | (2000-03-14) 14 March 2000<br>Pretoria, South Africa | | |
| Playing position | Midfield | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | WPCC | | |
| Senior career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2019-2022 | Tuks | | |
| 2018-2022 | Northern Blues | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2019– | South Africa | 14 | (0) |
| 2022 | South Africa U21 | 5 | (0) |


title: Oberea depressa

abstract: Oberea depressa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1825. It is known from China, Russia and Mongolia.

text:
# Oberea depressa

***Oberea depressa*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1825. It is known from China, Russia and Mongolia.

## InfoBox

| *Oberea depressa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Oberea* |
| Species: | ***O. depressa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oberea depressa***<br>Gebler, 1825 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oberea transbaicalica* Suvorov, 1913 * *Oberea inclusa var. amurica* (Suvorov) Breuning, 1962 * *Oberea amurica* Suvorov, 1913 * *Oberea vittata var. amurica* (Suvorov) Plavilstshikov, 1926 | |


title: Oonopidae

abstract: Oonopidae, also known as goblin spiders, is a family of spiders consisting of over 1,600 described species in about 113 genera worldwide, with total species diversity estimated at 2000 to 2500 species. The type genus of the family is Oonops Keyserling, 1835. Goblin spiders are generally tiny, measuring about 1 to 3 millimeters. Some have scuta, hardened plates on their abdomens. Oonopids usually have six eyes, the anterior median eyes having been lost. However, four-eyed, two-eyed and even completely eyeless species are also known. The family is permeated with unusual morphological traits, many of which are limited to males. Examples include heavily modified mouthparts, sternal pouches and extensions of the carapace. The male pedipalps are also often highly modified. The genus Opopaea, for example, exhibits an expanded palpal patella while male Ischnothyreus are characterized by completely sclerotized, pitch-black pedipalps. Members of the genus Orchestina are believed to be able to jump, as both sexes have greatly enlarged femora on the fourth leg pair. Oonopidae are seldom seen by people as they are too small to be easily noticed. They are generally found in the leaf litter layer and under rocks, but they also constitute a significant component of the spider fauna living in the canopy of tropical rainforest. Three blind Afrotropical genera are exclusively found in termite nests. A few species, such as the pantropical Heteroonops spinimanus and Triaeris stenaspis, are thought to be parthenogenetic as no males have yet been collected.

text:
# Oonopidae

**Oonopidae**, also known as **goblin spiders**, is a family of spiders consisting of over 1,600 described species in about 113 genera worldwide, with total species diversity estimated at 2000 to 2500 species. The type genus of the family is *Oonops* Keyserling, 1835.

Goblin spiders are generally tiny, measuring about 1 to 3 millimeters. Some have scuta, hardened plates on their abdomens. Oonopids usually have six eyes, the anterior median eyes having been lost. However, four-eyed (*Opopaea viamao*), two-eyed (e.g. *Coxapopha*, *Diblemma*) and even completely eyeless species (e.g. *Cousinea*, the cave-dwelling *Blanioonops*) are also known. The family is permeated with unusual morphological traits, many of which are limited to males. Examples include heavily modified mouthparts (e.g. *Coxapopha*, *Xyccarph*), sternal pouches (sometimes alternatively called holsters; e.g. *Grymeus*) and extensions of the carapace (e.g. *Ferchestina*, *Unicorn*). The male pedipalps are also often highly modified. The genus *Opopaea*, for example, exhibits an expanded palpal patella while male *Ischnothyreus* are characterized by completely sclerotized, pitch-black pedipalps. Members of the genus *Orchestina* are believed to be able to jump, as both sexes have greatly enlarged femora on the fourth leg pair.

Oonopidae are seldom seen by people as they are too small to be easily noticed. They are generally found in the leaf litter layer and under rocks, but they also constitute a significant component of the spider fauna living in the canopy of tropical rainforest. Three blind Afrotropical genera (*Anophthalmoonops*, *Caecoonops*, *Termitoonops*) are exclusively found in termite nests. A few species, such as the pantropical *Heteroonops spinimanus* and *Triaeris stenaspis*, are thought to be parthenogenetic as no males have yet been collected.

## Fossil record

Oonopidae are frequently encountered as subfossils preserved in copals and as fossils preserved in amber. Oonopids even occur in more amber deposits than any other spider family, which may be accounted for by their widespread distribution, small size, and wandering behaviour, as amber appears to be biased towards trapping such spiders. In contrast, sedimentary fossils of Oonopidae are unknown.

Most fossil oonopids described from amber are assigned to the extant genus *Orchestina*. This genus was already widespread by the end of the Cretaceous, as indicated by specimens found in amber dating back over 100 million years.

## Genera

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:

* *Amazoonops* Ott, Ruiz, Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2017
* *Anophthalmoonops* Benoit, 1976 — Angola
* *Antoonops* Fannes & Jocqué, 2008 — Africa
* *Aposphragisma* Thoma, 2014 — Asia
* *Aprusia* Simon, 1893 — Sri Lanka, India
* *Aschnaoonops* Makhan & Ezzatpanah, 2011 — Suriname, Colombia, Trinidad
* *Australoonops* Hewitt, 1915 — South Africa, Mozambique
* *Bannana* Tong & Li, 2015 — China
* *Bidysderina* Platnick, Dupérré, Berniker & Bonaldo, 2013
* *Bipoonops* Bolzern, 2014 — Ecuador
* *Birabenella* Grismado, 2010 — Argentina, Chile
* *Blanioonops* Simon & Fage, 1922 — East Africa
* *Brignolia* Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1983 — Asia, Africa, Australia
* *Caecoonops* Benoit, 1964 — Congo
* *Camptoscaphiella* Caporiacco, 1934 — Asia
* *Cavisternum* Baehr, Harvey & Smith, 2010 — Australia, Sri Lanka
* *Cortestina* Knoflach, 2009 — Austria, Italy
* *Costarina* Platnick & Dupérré, 2011 — Central America, Colombia, Mexico
* *Cousinea* Saaristo, 2001 — Seychelles
* *Coxapopha* Platnick, 2000 — South America, Panama
* *Dalmasula* Platnick, Szüts & Ubick, 2012 — South Africa, Namibia
* *Diblemma* O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1908 — Seychelles
* *Dysderina* Simon, 1892 — Asia, Africa, South America
* *Dysderoides* Fage, 1946 — Thailand, India
* *Emboonops* Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015 — Mexico
* *Escaphiella* Platnick & Dupérré, 2009 — North America, South America, Central America, Jamaica
* *Farqua* Saaristo, 2001 — Seychelles
* *Gamasomorpha* Karsch, 1881 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, North America, Panama, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* *Gradunguloonops* Grismado, Izquierdo, González M. & Ramírez, 2015
* *Grymeus* Harvey, 1987 — Australia, Sri Lanka
* *Guaraguaoonops* Brescovit, Rheims & Bonaldo, 2012
* *Guatemoonops* Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015
* *Heteroonops* Dalmas, 1916 — Caribbean, Costa Rica, Mexico, Germany, Africa, Australia
* *Hexapopha* Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014 — Costa Rica
* *Himalayana* Grismado, 2014 — India, Nepal
* *Hortoonops* Platnick & Dupérré, 2012
* *Hypnoonops* Benoit, 1977 — Congo
* *Hytanis* Simon, 1893 — Venezuela
* *Ischnothyreus* Simon, 1893 — Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe
* *Kachinia* Tong & Li, 2018 — Myanmar
* *Kapitia* Forster, 1956 — New Zealand
* *Khamiscar* Platnick & Berniker, 2015 — Madagascar
* *Khamisia* Saaristo & van Harten, 2006 — Israel, Yemen, Kenya
* *Khamisina* Platnick & Berniker, 2015 — Nigeria, Kenya, Congo
* *Khamisoides* Platnick & Berniker, 2015 — Virgin Is.
* *Kijabe* Berland, 1914 — Kenya
* *Lionneta* Benoit, 1979 — Seychelles
* *Longoonops* Platnick & Dupérré, 2010 — Central America, Jamaica
* *Lucetia* Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1983 — Cuba, Venezuela
* *Malagiella* Ubick & Griswold, 2011 — Madagascar
* *Megabulbus* Saaristo, 2007 — Israel
* *Megaoonops* Saaristo, 2007 — Israel
* *Melchisedec* Fannes, 2010 — Niger
* *Molotra* Ubick & Griswold, 2011 — Madagascar
* *Neotrops* Grismado & Ramírez, 2013 — South America, Panama, Trinidad
* *Neoxyphinus* Birabén, 1953 — South America, Caribbean
* *Nephrochirus* Simon, 1910 — Namibia
* *Niarchos* Platnick & Dupérré, 2010 — Ecuador, Colombia, Peru
* *Noideattella* Álvarez-Padilla, Ubick & Griswold, 2012 — Madagascar, Seychelles
* *Noonops* Platnick & Berniker, 2013 — Mexico, United States
* *Oonopinus* Simon, 1893 — Europe, Africa, Venezuela, China, Samoa, United States
* *Oonopoides* Bryant, 1940 — Central America, Venezuela, North America, Cuba
* *Oonops* Templeton, 1835 — South America, Caribbean, Europe, Africa, North America, Georgia, Oceania, Central America
* *Opopaea* Simon, 1892 — Oceania, Africa, Asia, North America, Panama, South America, Europe
* *Orchestina* Simon, 1882 — Africa, Asia, South America, North America, Central America, Europe, Caribbean, Oceania
* *Ovobulbus* Saaristo, 2007 — Israel, Egypt
* *Paradysderina* Platnick & Dupérré, 2011 — South America
* *Patri* Saaristo, 2001 — Seychelles
* *Pelicinus* Simon, 1892 — Asia, Brazil, Africa, Australia
* *Pescennina* Simon, 1903 — Central America, South America, Mexico
* *Plectoptilus* Simon, 1905 — Indonesia
* *Ponsoonops* Bolzern, 2014 — Central America, Mexico, South America, Cuba
* *Predatoroonops* Brescovit, Rheims & Ott, 2012
* *Prethopalpus* Baehr, Harvey, Burger & Thoma, 2012 — Oceania, Asia
* *Prida* Saaristo, 2001 — Seychelles
* *Prodysderina* Platnick, Dupérré, Berniker & Bonaldo, 2013 — Venezuela
* *Pseudodysderina* Platnick, Berniker & Bonaldo, 2013 — South America
* *Pseudoscaphiella* Simon, 1907 — South Africa
* *Puan* Izquierdo, 2012 — Argentina
* *Reductoonops* Platnick & Berniker, 2014 — Central America, Mexico, South America, Jamaica
* *Scaphidysderina* Platnick & Dupérré, 2011 — Ecuador, Peru, Colombia
* *Scaphiella* Simon, 1892 — Central America, Caribbean, South America, North America
* *Scaphioides* Bryant, 1942 — Caribbean, North America, Costa Rica
* *Scaphios* Platnick & Dupérré, 2010 — Ecuador, Colombia
* *Semibulbus* Saaristo, 2007 — Israel
* *Semidysderina* Platnick & Dupérré, 2011 — Colombia
* *Setayeshoonops* Makhan & Ezzatpanah, 2011 — Suriname
* *Sicariomorpha* Ott & Harvey, 2015 — Malaysia
* *Silhouettella* Benoit, 1979 — Asia, Africa
* *Simlops* Bonaldo, Ott & Ruiz, 2014 — South America, Trinidad
* *Simonoonops* Harvey, 2002 — South America, Caribbean
* *Socotroonops* Saaristo & van Harten, 2002 — Yemen
* *Spinestis* Saaristo & Marusik, 2009 — Ukraine
* *Stenoonops* Simon, 1892 — North America, Central America, Caribbean, South America, Seychelles
* *Sulsula* Simon, 1882 — Algeria, Egypt, Sudan
* *Tapinesthis* Simon, 1914 — Europe
* *Telchius* Simon, 1893 — Algeria, Morocco, South Africa
* *Termitoonops* Benoit, 1964 — Congo
* *Tinadysderina* Platnick, Berniker & Bonaldo, 2013
* *Tolegnaro* Álvarez-Padilla, Ubick & Griswold, 2012
* *Toloonops* Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker, 2015 — Mexico
* *Triaeris* Simon, 1892 — Asia, Africa, Australia
* *Tridysderina* Platnick, Berniker & Bonaldo, 2013
* *Trilacuna* Tong & Li, 2007 — Asia
* *Unicorn* Platnick & Brescovit, 1995 — Argentina, Chile, Bolivia
* *Varioonops* Bolzern & Platnick, 2013 — Central America, South America
* *Vientianea* Tong & Li, 2013 — Laos
* *Volborattella* Saucedo & Ubick, 2015
* *Wanops* Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938 — Mexico
* *Xestaspis* Simon, 1884 — Asia, Oceania, Africa
* *Xiombarg* Brignoli, 1979 — Brazil, Argentina
* *Xyccarph* Brignoli, 1978 — Brazil
* *Xyphinus* Simon, 1893 — Asia, Australia
* *Yumates* Chamberlin, 1924 — Mexico
* *Zyngoonops* Benoit, 1977 — Congo

### Extinct genera

## Further reading

* Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2006). *Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa*. 336 pp. ISBN 90-75894-85-6.
* Penney, D. (2006). Fossil oonopid spiders in Cretaceous ambers from Canada and Myanmar. Palaeontology 49(1): 229–235.
* Penney, D. (2004). New spiders in upper Cretaceous amber from New Jersey in the American Museum of Natural History (Arthropoda: Araneae). Palaeontology 47(2): 367–375.

## InfoBox

| Goblin spiders
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Tapinesthis inermis*, female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oonopidae
Simon, 1890 |
|
| Diversity | |
| 115 genera, 1874 species | |
|  | |