abstract: The Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Poetry Album is a category in the annual Grammy Awards, that was first presented at the 2023 show on February 5, 2023.

text:
# Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Poetry Album

The **Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Poetry Album** is a category in the annual Grammy Awards, that was first presented at the 2023 show on February 5, 2023.

## Criteria

According to the Recording Academy, this new category "recognizes excellence in spoken word albums specific to the performance of poetry with or without music."

## History

Up to and including the 64th Grammy Awards, all spoken word recordings fell under one category, the Best Spoken Word Album. As of 2023, the Spoken Word category has been renamed **Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording**. This category recognizes excellence in spoken word albums, but no longer includes spoken word poetry.

## Recipients

| Year<sup>\[I\]</sup> | Recipient(s) | Work | Nominees | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | J. Ivy | *The Poet Who Sat By the Door* |  |  |
| 2024 | J. Ivy | *The Light Inside* |  |  |
|

<sup>**^\[I\]** </sup> Each year is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year.

1. "New Categories For The 2023 GRAMMYs Announced: Songwriter Of The Year, Best Video Game Soundtrack, Best Song For Social Change & More Changes". *www.grammy.com*. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
2. "2023 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Complete Nominees List". *www.grammy.com*. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
3. "Chicago poet J. Ivy wins Grammy in category he helped create". *www.chicago.suntimes.com*. Retrieved Feb 5, 2023.
4. Minsker, Evan (November 10, 2023). "Grammy Nominations 2024: See the Full List Here". *Pitchfork*. Retrieved November 10, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Poetry Album | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Quality spoken word poetry recordings |
| Presented by | National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |
| First awarded | 2023 |
| Currently held by | J. Ivy \- *The Light Inside* |
| Website | grammy.com |


title: Valmontone

abstract: Valmontone is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 45 kilometres southeast of Rome.

text:
# Valmontone

**Valmontone** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 45 kilometres (28 miles) southeast of Rome.

## Geography

The historic part of the town is situated on a tuffaceous hill, 303 metres (994 feet) above sea level, part of a morphological system of valleys and low relieves, known as Alta Valle del Sacco (High Valley of Sacco River). There are many natural springs due to the high water levels underground. Because of this, the landscape is covered by forest and farmland. To preserve this water system, in Valmontone exists the C.E.R.I., a center for the prevention and control of hydro-geological risks.

## History

The origins of Valmontone are uncertain: it seems that a village was founded before the rise of Rome on a hill in the modern municipality of the town, and its ruins were visible until the 18th century. Perhaps these are the remains of the ancient Labicum, which, according to the myth, was founded by Glaucus, Minos’ son: the name of the village derives from a kind of Greek shield. Labicum was in war against Rome, but at last it was defeated and became a Roman castrum, a fortified castle: other testimonies of the Roman period are the post-station Ad Bivium, situated along the road called Via Latina, a village of coal-makers, some furnaces for tiles and vases, a villa and some other remains (two sarcophagus, memorial plates).

Later on, the castle was rebuilt on the actual site in the Late Roman Empire. The presence of a Castrum Lateranense goes back to the 1052, while the name of Vallis Montonis (Valmontone means “a valley overhung by a little hill”) appears the first time in a document dated 1139. Valmontone became a fief under the Conti family until the 16th century, when, in 1548, the fief passed under the Sforza then, in 1632 and for a few years, under the Barberini, until Camillo Pamphili bought Valmontone (1634). The Pamphili family became Doria-Pamphili-Landi in the 18th century. In 1843 Valmontone assumed the rank of “city” by decision of Pope Gregory XVI.

On 22 January 1944, during the Italian Campaign of the Second World War, the Allies commenced Operation Shingle, an amphibious landing at Anzio in an attempt to outflank the formidable German defensive positions known as the Winter Line (also Gustave Line) and push toward Rome: Valmontone was an important objective on the way to Rome, in according to Operation Buffalo, May–June 1944. The Allies thought the German forces were garrisoning the city, so they bombed Valmontone with their air forces, nearly destroying it completely: Valmontone lost 80 percent of its ancient buildings, like the fortified gates, the monastery on Colle Sant’Angelo, fountains, churches. With the post-war reconstruction, the town lost its medieval and baroque appeal, of which only a few sights survive.

## Main sights

* *Palazzo Doria-Pamphilj* was originally a fortified castle, until the Barberini decided to replace it with a bigger fortress. When Camillo Pamphilj bought the fief, he wanted to create a sort of “ideal city”, a *Città Panfilia* (Pamphiljan Town), including the palace, the nearby church and the other buildings (stables, warehouses, house, etc.): for this reason he called in Valmontone many important artists. On the Piano Nobile (the second floor) are frescoes divided by themes: the four rooms of Elements, the four dedicated to the Continents (Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia), the Sala del Principe and two chapels. The ceiling frescoes were made between 1657 and the 1661 by Pier Francesco Mola, Gaspard Dughet, Guglielmo Cortese, Francesco Cozza and Mattia Preti.
* Valmontone Archeological Museum, situated in the Palazzo Doria-Pamphilj. The ground floor houses a section which introduces the municipal area, the upper floor offers an introduction to the archeological sites and to related topics, through several media. Such topics include the coal miners' village in Colle Carbone, the "Colle dei Lepri" settlement, the "Mansio", the Thermal Baths and the "Colle Pelliccione" furnace.
* Collegiate Church of Santa Maria dell'Assunta, built on an ancient Gothic church (12th century) with the same name, under Camillo Pamphilj, in the 17th century. The architect was Mattia de Rossi, who rose to prominence under the mentorship of Gian Lorenzo Bernini: however, de Rossi was for this structure inspired by Borromini's design for the Roman church of Sant'Agnese in Agone. The church has a façade composed by two bell towers and a curved colonnade with four Ionic columns. The plan is elliptic, with four chapels along each side, including numerous Baroque pictures; in front of the main entrance, between two other chapels, is the apse with the altar.
* *Fontana del Colle*, in Baroque style, is part of the original Prince Pamphilj project. It is composed by a pedestal with four round-shaped basins, one at each angle, decorated with lions heads. On the pedestal is a column surmounted by the bronze statue of the Labicanus, a Roman warrior, symbol of Valmontone. This fountain was completely destroyed under the World War II bombings, except one of the basins and the pedestal: the structure was rebuilt in 1968.
* The Church of *Sant'Antonio* was not bombed during World War II, and is the last medieval building of Valmontone. The real name of the church is Santa Maria delle Grazie and was erected in the 9th century: the construction is made with blocks of tuff, with two closed windows, one of them decorated with a little arch. The interior is decorated with Baroque stuccoes, a Madonna with the Son and a Sant'Antonio Abate, both painted by anonymous.
* Colle Sant'Angelo hill houses the cemetery of Valmontone and the convent of Sant’Angelo: built on the ruins of a Roman sanctuary, it was also nearly destroyed during the last war, and rebuilt immediately. It was erected in the 8th century by the Benedictine Order, and includes some remains of the old monastery in the cloister and in the refectory: two bells, one of them of 1523, the other of 1744, are visible in the cloister.
* Sanctuary of *Madonna del Gonfalone*: this church was built in 1508, with a Gothic plan, out of the old town's walls. In origin, the sanctuary had 15 altars. Destroyed during World War II, it was rebuilt in the 1950s and the only original part is the renaissance’s portal with the pediment. The interior maintains as original the apsidal zone, with the main altar, and a fresco (1514) of the Virgin who nurses Jesus.
* Fortified wall's gates: before World War II Valmontone was home to three gates, though one of them, Porta Romana, in Renaissance style, was completely destroyed. The other two are Porta Napoletana and Porta Nuova: the first one was a medieval fortified gate, with two massive towers on sides, partially visible nowadays. The other one was erected on the Via Nuova by Camillo Pamphilj, in baroque style, as a gate on the road to the central town square on the hilltop.

Not far from Valmontone is the large Valmontone Outlet, a shopping center built like an American town, with squares, buildings, streets, a fake train-station, etc. Near this complex is Rainbow Magic Land, opened on 26 May 2011.

## Transportation

The town is crossed by via Casilina, a modern road following the ancient road with the same name built by the Romans, now the town's main street: moreover it is connected with the Autostrada A1 (Autostrada del Sole), on the Roma-Napoli branch (exit to Valmontone).

Valmontone has a railway station, served by the line Rome-Cassino-Naples.

## International relations

### Twin towns – Sister cities

Valmontone is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Valmontone | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Valmontone | |
| Valmontone by night | |
|  | |
| Location of Valmontone | |
| ValmontoneLocation of Valmontone in ItalyValmontoneValmontone (Lazio) | |
| Coordinates: 41°47′N 12°55′E / 41.783°N 12.917°E / 41.783; 12.917 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Metropolitan city | Rome (RM) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Alberto Latini (Democratic Party) |
| Area | |
| Total | 40.91 km2 (15.80 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 303 m (994 ft) |
| Population (31 August 2021) | |
| Total | 15,219 |
| Density | 370/km2 (960/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Valmontonesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 00038 |
| Dialing code | 06 |
| Patron saint | St. Luigi Gonzaga |
| Saint day | June 21 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Valmora, New Mexico

abstract: Valmora is a former unincorporated community located in Mora County, New Mexico, United States, located along New Mexico State Road 97, 3.75 miles (6.04 km) east-northeast of Watrous. State Road 446, the shortest state road in New Mexico at.25 miles (0.40 km), links the community to State Road 97. Since 2017, it has been the site of a privately owned holistic retreat center.

text:
# Valmora, New Mexico

**Valmora** is a former unincorporated community located in Mora County, New Mexico, United States, located along New Mexico State Road 97, 3.75 miles (6.04 km) east-northeast of Watrous. State Road 446, the shortest state road in New Mexico at .25 miles (0.40 km), links the community to State Road 97.

Since 2017, it has been the site of a privately owned holistic retreat center.

## History

The name "Valmora" is a manufactured word, meaning "in the valley of the Mora river." It was founded in 1916 as a community serving a tuberculosis sanitarium, long since closed. Because of this, however, in 1995 Valmora was added to the registry of National Historic Places.

## InfoBox

| Valmora | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| ValmoraLocation within the state of New MexicoValmoraValmora (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 35°48′59″N 104°55′23″W / 35.81639°N 104.92306°W / 35.81639; -104.92306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Mexico |
| County | Mora |
| Elevation | 6,358 ft (1,938 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| ZIP codes | 87750 |
| Area code | 575 |
| GNIS feature ID | 899980 |


title: Granulifusus rufinodis

abstract: Granulifusus rufinodis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

text:
# Granulifusus rufinodis

***Granulifusus rufinodis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

## Distribution

* Hadorn R. & Fraussen K. 2005. *Revision of the genus Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe 1954 with description of some new species (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Fasciolariidae).* Archiv für Molluskenkunde 134 (2): 129–171.

## InfoBox

| *Granulifusus rufinodis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Fasciolariidae |
| Genus: | *Granulifusus* |
| Species: | ***G. rufinodis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Granulifusus rufinodis***<br>(von Martens, 1901) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Fusus rufinodis* von Martens, 1901 | |


title: Granulifusus vermeiji

abstract: Granulifusus vermeiji is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae.

text:
# Granulifusus vermeiji

***Granulifusus vermeiji*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae (common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails" and their allies).

## Description

The shell size is 52 mm

## Distribution

This species has been found at a depth of 100 m at Balut Island, Mindanao, Philippines

* Snyder M.A. 2003. *The genera Simplicifusus and Granulifusus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) with the description of two new species in Granulifusus*. Journal of Conchology 38(1): 87-93
* Hadorn R. & Fraussen K. 2005. *Revision of the genus Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe 1954 with description of some new species (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Fasciolariidae).* Archiv für Molluskenkunde 134 (2): 129-171

* "*Granulifusus vermeiji*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 19 November 2010.

## InfoBox

| *Granulifusus vermeiji* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Fasciolariidae |
| Genus: | *Granulifusus* |
| Species: | ***G. vermeiji*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Granulifusus vermeiji***<br>M.A. Snyder, 2003 | |
|


title: Graves into Gardens (song)

abstract: "Graves into Gardens" is a song performed by American contemporary worship band Elevation Worship and American contemporary Christian singer-songwriter Brandon Lake which was released as the second single from their eighth live album of the same name, Graves into Gardens (2020), on August 7, 2020. The song was written by Brandon Lake, Chris Brown, Steven Furtick and Tiffany Hudson. Chris Brown and Aaron Robertson handled the production of the single. "Graves into Gardens" became Elevation Worship's and Brandon Lake's first No. 1 single on the US Hot Christian Songs chart. The song also went on to peak at No. 2 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart, thus becoming the highest-charting single for both acts. It has been certified platinum by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song won the 2021 Billboard Music Award for Top Christian Song. "Graves into Gardens" won the GMA Dove Award for Worship Recorded Song of the Year, and was nominated for the Song of the Year award, and the Spanish rendition of the song titled "Tumbas A Jardines" for the Spanish Language Recorded Song of the Year award, at the 2021 GMA Dove Awards.

text:
# Graves into Gardens (song)

"**Graves into Gardens**" is a song performed by American contemporary worship band Elevation Worship and American contemporary Christian singer-songwriter Brandon Lake which was released as the second single from their eighth live album of the same name, *Graves into Gardens* (2020), on August 7, 2020. The song was written by Brandon Lake, Chris Brown, Steven Furtick and Tiffany Hudson. Chris Brown and Aaron Robertson handled the production of the single.

"Graves into Gardens" became Elevation Worship's and Brandon Lake's first No. 1 single on the US Hot Christian Songs chart. The song also went on to peak at No. 2 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart, thus becoming the highest-charting single for both acts. It has been certified platinum by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song won the 2021 *Billboard* Music Award for Top Christian Song. "Graves into Gardens" won the GMA Dove Award for Worship Recorded Song of the Year, and was nominated for the Song of the Year award, and the Spanish rendition of the song titled "Tumbas A Jardines" for the Spanish Language Recorded Song of the Year award, at the 2021 GMA Dove Awards.

## Background

"Graves into Gardens" was initially released by Elevation Worship as the first promotional single from the album *Graves into Gardens* (2020), on March 13, 2020. On August 7, 2020, Elevation Worship released an EP bundle containing multiple renditions of the song. The song impacted Christian radio stations on August 21, 2020, as the second official single from the album.

On January 8, 2021, Elevation Worship released the album, *Graves into Gardens: Morning & Evening* which included a new rendition of the song, "Graves into Gardens (Morning & Evening)".

## Writing and development

The song was written in 2019, and recorded live at Elevation Church's Ballantyne campus on January 15, 2020, with Brandon Lake featuring on the track as a guest.

In an interview with The Christian Beat, Chris Brown of Elevation Worship shared the story behind the song and why it became the title of the album, saying:

> Many of our songs come from sermons that Pastor Steven preaches. The title track, in particular, launched from a message of his called 'The Mystery of Potential.' He was in that 2 Kings passage which details that after the prophet Elisha died, his story didn't end there. Two Israelites were near his gravesite about to bury another man. When they saw a band of enemy raiders coming, they threw the man's body into Elisha's tomb. As soon as the body touched Elisha’s bones, the man came to life and stood up on his feet (2 Kings 13:20-21). Elisha still had a resurrection miracle left in his bones, and God is still in the business of bringing dead things back to life. If we'll trust God even with the seemingly dead areas of our lives, if we'll believe in the power of God, if we'll declare resurrection power over everything we sow, nothing will be wasted. Nothing is over. God can turn any situation around.

## Composition

"Graves into Gardens" is composed in the key of  with a tempo of 70 beats per minute, and a musical time signature of **6**
**8**.

## Accolades

Awards
| Year | Organization | Award | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | Billboard Music Awards | Top Christian Song | Won |  |
| | GMA Dove Awards | Song of the Year | Nominated |
 |
| | Worship Recorded Song of the Year | Won | |
| | Spanish Language Recorded Song of the Year
(for "Tumbas A Jardines") | Nominated | |
|

## Commercial performance

"Graves into Gardens" debuted at No. 12 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart dated March 28, 2020, concurrently charting at No. 1 on the Christian Digital Song Sales chart. After 28 weeks, the song broke through to the top ten of the Hot Christian Songs chart, peaking at No. 10 due to a gain in digital sales. "Graves into Gardens" leaked photos at No. 2 on the Hot Christian Songs chart after spending 43 weeks on the chart, and concurrently debuted on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart dated January 16, 2021, at No. 5.

The song debuted on the Christian Airplay chart dated August 8, 2020, at No. 44.

"Graves into Gardens" rose to No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs and Christian Airplay charts dated February 6, 2021. It is the first chart topping single for both acts on the tallies, and the first single to simultaneously reach No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs and Christian Airplay charts since "Overcomer" by Mandisa last achieved the feat in September 2013. The song also set the record for the longest climb to No. 1 on Hot Christian Songs with 46 weeks, a record previously held by Jeremy Camp's "Let It Fade".

## Music videos

On March 13, 2020, Elevation Worship released the live music video of "Graves into Gardens" recorded at Elevation Church's Ballantyne campus on their YouTube channel, The acoustic performance video of the song was published on YouTube by Elevation Worship on March 23, 2020. Elevation Worship availed a Spanish rendition of the song, titled "Tumbas A Jardines" on their YouTube channel on July 10, 2020. The studio version lyric video of "Graves into Gardens" was released by Elevation Worship on August 6, 2020.

Elevation Worship released the music video for "Graves into Gardens (Morning & Evening)" on YouTube on January 8, 2021.

## Track listing

Digital format — EP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Graves into Gardens" (Studio) | 4:20 |
| 2. | "Graves into Gardens" (Live; featuring Brandon Lake) | 7:34 |
| 3. | "Graves into Gardens" | 5:01 |
| 4. | "Tumbas A Jardines (Graves into Gardens)" (featuring Brandon Lake) | 5:53 |
| 5. | "Graves into Gardens" (Remix; featuring Elevation Rhythm) | 3:37 |
| Total length: | | 26:26 |

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | March 13, 2020 |  | Elevation Worship Records |  |
| | August 7, 2020 | * Digital download (EP) * streaming (EP) | |  |
| United States | August 21, 2020 | Christian radio | |  |

## Other versions

* American CCM duo Shane & Shane covered the song for its extended play titled *The Worship Initiative Vol. 21* (2020).
* Brandon Lake released his own rendition of "Graves into Gardens" on his second studio album, *House of Miracles* (2020).
* Koryn Hawthorne released a live performance version of the song as part of the Essential Worship Song Sessions series on YouTube.
* Bethel Music released their rendition of the song with Brandon Lake on their studio album, *Peace, Vol. II* (2021).

## InfoBox

| "Graves into Gardens" | |
| --- | --- |
| EP cover | |
| Single by Elevation Worship featuring Brandon Lake | |
| from the album  *Graves into Gardens* | |
| Released | August 7, 2020 (2020-08-07) |
| Recorded | January 15, 2020 |
| Venue | Elevation Ballantyne, Charlotte, North Carolina, US |
| Genre |  |
| Length | * 7:34 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Chris Brown * Aaron Robertson |
| Elevation Worship singles chronology | |
| "The Blessing"
(2020) "**Graves into Gardens**"
(2020) "Nobody"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Brandon Lake singles chronology | |
| "I Need a Ghost"
(2020) "**Graves into Gardens**"
(2020) "Just Like Heaven"
(2020) | |
| Music videos | |
| "Graves into Gardens" (Acoustic) on YouTube | |
| "Graves into Gardens" (Live) on YouTube | |
| "Graves into Gardens" (Lyrics) on YouTube | |
| "Graves into Gardens" (Morning & Evening) on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Mount Queequeg

abstract: Mount Queequeg is a conspicuous, partly snow-covered mountain with three conical summits, the highest 900 m, situated in eastern Aristotle Mountains between the mouths of Starbuck and Stubb Glaciers on the east coast of Graham Land in Antarctica. Surveyed and photographed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1956 after Starbuck's harpooner Queequeg on the Pequod in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.

text:
# Mount Queequeg

**Mount Queequeg** (65°39′S 62°8′W / 65.650°S 62.133°W / -65.650; -62.133) is a conspicuous, partly snow-covered mountain with three conical summits, the highest 900 m, situated in eastern Aristotle Mountains between the mouths of Starbuck and Stubb Glaciers on the east coast of Graham Land in Antarctica.

Surveyed and photographed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1956 after Starbuck's harpooner Queequeg on the *Pequod* in Herman Melville's *Moby-Dick*.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Queequeg". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Mount Hallen, Queensland

abstract: Mount Hallen is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Mount Hallen had a population of 457 people.

text:
# Mount Hallen, Queensland

**Mount Hallen** is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Mount Hallen had a population of 457 people.

## Geography

The locality is bounded to the south by Running Creek.

The mountain Mount Hallen is in the east of the locality (27°19′54″S 152°24′46″E / 27.3318°S 152.4129°E / -27.3318; 152.4129 (Mount Hallen (mountain))) and rises to 390 metres (1,280 ft).

The Gatton Esk Road enters the locality from the south (Buaraba) and exits to the north (Esk).

There are a variety of land uses within the locality. There is rural residential housing in the south-west of the locality. Other land uses include grazing on native vegetation, production forestry, and some crop growing.

## History

The mountain Mount Hallen was named in 1829 by explorer Allan Cunningham, probably after Ambrose Hallen, who was the Assistant Surveyor-General in New South Wales from 1827 to 1829.

The section of the Brisbane Valley railway line from Lowood to Esk opened on Monday 9 August 1886. It included the Mount Hallen railway station (27°18′59″S 152°24′33″E / 27.3164°S 152.4091°E / -27.3164; 152.4091 (Mount Hallen railway station (former))) at Mount Hallen. The station was originally to be called Buaraba (the name of the parish) but was renamed Mount Hallen after the mountain. The locality takes its name from the railway station name. The locality to the south of Mount Hallen is now named Buaraba.

The railway line and Mount Hallen railway station closed in 1993.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Mount Hallen had a population of 458 people.

In the 2021 census, Mount Hallen had a population of 457 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Mount Hallen. The nearest government primary schools are Esk State School in neighbouring Esk to the north and Coominya State School in neighbouring Coominya to the south-east. The nearest government secondary schools are Toogoolawah State High School in Toogoolawah to the north, Lowood State High School in Lowood to the south-east, and Lockyer District State High School in Gatton to the south-west.

## Attractions

The Brisbane Valley Rail Trail now uses the former Brisbane Valley railway corridor.

## InfoBox

| Mount Hallen
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Hallen | |
| Coordinates | 27°19′55″S 152°23′04″E / 27.3319°S 152.3844°E / -27.3319; 152.3844 (Mount Hallen (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 457 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 8.705/km2 (22.55/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4312 |
| Elevation | 80–390 m (262–1,280 ft) |
| Area | 52.5 km2 (20.3 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Somerset Region |
| State electorate(s) | Nanango |
| Federal division(s) | Blair |
| **Suburbs around Mount Hallen:**  Redbank Creek Esk Esk  Redbank Creek Mount Hallen Moombra  Buaraba Buaraba Coominya | |


title: Great Academy of Paris

abstract: The Great Academy of Paris was a 13th-century Talmudic academy in Acre, established by Rabbi Jehiel of Paris.

text:
# Great Academy of Paris

The **Great Academy of Paris** (*Midrash HaGadol d'Paris*) was a 13th-century Talmudic academy in Acre, established by Rabbi Jehiel of Paris.

## History

In around 1258, Rabbi Jehiel of Paris immigrated to the Kingdom of Jerusalem from Northern France with several hundred students, his son Joseph following soon later. The group settled in the Crusader stronghold of Acre, where Rabbi Jehiel founded a Talmudic academy which he named the Great Academy of Paris, after the original institution he had headed in Paris. The academy intended to continue the learning traditions of the Tosafists of Northern France.

One report suggests that there were 300 students learning at the academy, although this may have included members of the local community, who devoted time for daily study. The renown of the new academy of the "Sages of Acre" was so great that Rabbi Shlomo ben Adret wrote in 1280: 'It is a custom among the sages of the Holy Land and of Babylon that if a question should be asked, nobody answers but they say: "Let us be guided by the Sages of Acre."' Acre subsequently became a centre of religious authority for Middle Eastern Jews and the rulings of its rabbinical court were accepted by the communities of Palestine, Syria and Egypt. Its scholars were instrumental in preserving the communication network between the Jewish diaspora and Palestinian Jewry.

It is probable that the Jews of Acre could not sustain the institution alone and that emissaries were sent to Europe to solicit funding. One such envoy, "Rabbi Jacob, the Messenger of the Yeshiva of Acre" (Yaakov haShaliach; c. 1258–1270), carried an "exhortatory treatise" which included an itinerary of the Holy Land listing the tombs and gravesites of biblical figures and talmudic sages – possibly to be used as a fundraising aid.


abstract: Green Crystal Ties, Volume 6: Rarities from the Psychedelic Vaults is a compilation album featuring obscure psychedelic rock bands that recorded in the 1960s. It is the sixth installment of the Green Crystal Ties series and was released on Collectables Records on April 7, 1998. Though Volume 6 focuses specifically on psychedelia, the album is commended for featuring a wide-diversity of musical styles intertwined in the genre. The album opens with the Human Expression, a group who missed a breakthrough nationally, but left behind highly regarded material. Those included on Volume 6 are demos of "Optical Sound", a ethereal recollection of a LSD-induced trip, and "Calm Me Down". It shifts to Mamas and the Papas-influenced tracks by the Sunset Love, who receive one of their earliest retrospective mentions with "Run to the Sun" and "Reach Out" on the album. More musical shifts are evident with the ambitious instrumentals by the Frantics, and the hard rock songs by Buzzsaw, which dwarf in comparison to their offshoot group, Watermelon. The most generic examples of psychedelia are "Peace and Love" and "Nirvana" by the Love Flowers, though the liner notes half-mockingly praise the band as rivals to the Monkees. Perhaps the most sophisticated compositions on the album are those of the Morning Dew, which exemplify the progression from basic garage rock to full-blown psychedelia. Like other albums in the series, Volume 6 is commended for its informative liner notes, especially when considering most of the groups featured never had an opportunity to record a full-length LP.

text:
# Green Crystal Ties, Volume 6: Rarities from the Psychedelic Vaults

***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 6: Rarities from the Psychedelic Vaults*** is a compilation album featuring obscure psychedelic rock bands that recorded in the 1960s. It is the sixth installment of the *Green Crystal Ties* series and was released on Collectables Records on April 7, 1998. Though *Volume 6* focuses specifically on psychedelia, the album is commended for featuring a wide-diversity of musical styles intertwined in the genre.

The album opens with the Human Expression, a group who missed a breakthrough nationally, but left behind highly regarded material. Those included on *Volume 6* are demos of "Optical Sound", a ethereal recollection of a LSD-induced trip, and "Calm Me Down". It shifts to Mamas and the Papas-influenced tracks by the Sunset Love, who receive one of their earliest retrospective mentions with "Run to the Sun" and "Reach Out" on the album. More musical shifts are evident with the ambitious instrumentals by the Frantics, and the hard rock songs by Buzzsaw, which dwarf in comparison to their offshoot group, Watermelon. The most generic examples of psychedelia are "Peace and Love" and "Nirvana" by the Love Flowers, though the liner notes half-mockingly praise the band as rivals to the Monkees. Perhaps the most sophisticated compositions on the album are those of the Morning Dew, which exemplify the progression from basic garage rock to full-blown psychedelia.

Like other albums in the series, *Volume 6* is commended for its informative liner notes, especially when considering most of the groups featured never had an opportunity to record a full-length LP.

## Track listing

1. The Human Expression \- "Optical Sound" (demo)
2. The Human Expression - "Calm Me Down" (demo)
3. Sunset Love: "Run to the Sun"
4. Sunset Love - "Reach Out"
5. The Frantics - "Relax Your Mind"
6. The Frantics - "Just for a While"
7. Seompi - "Summer's Coming on Heavy"
8. Seompi - "Slide Slide"
9. Buzzsaw - "Saturn Is Just a Few Days Away"
10. Buzzsaw - "Death Calls"
11. Watermelon - "Popsicle Girl"
12. Watermelon - "You Got It"
13. The Love Flowers - "Peace and Love"
14. The Love Flowers - "Nirvana"
15. The Arkay IV - "Demotion"
16. The Arkay IV - "Valley of Conneaut" Creek
17. The Morning Dew \- "Someday"
18. The Morning Dew - "Flying Above Myself"

## InfoBox

| Green Crystal Ties, Volume 6: Rarities from the Psychedelic Vault | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album | |
| Released | April 7, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1960s |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 1:01:49 |
| Label | Collectables |
| chronology | |
| *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults*
(1998) ***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 6: Rarities from the Psychedelic Vault***
(1998) *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 7: Mind-Expanding Punk of the 60s*
(1998) | |


title: Mount Magazine State Park

abstract: Mount Magazine State Park is a 2,234-acre park located in Logan County, Arkansas. Inhabited since the 1850s, Mount Magazine first became part of the Ouachita National Forest in 1938, was re-designated as part of the Ozark National Forest in 1941, and became a state park after a 22-year conversion process from the U.S. Forest Service to the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism. Mount Magazine State Park is the highest in Arkansas. The park contains Mossback Ridge, including the peak of Mount Magazine which contains The Lodge at Mount Magazine, cabins, trails, and a hang gliding area.

text:
# Mount Magazine State Park

**Mount Magazine State Park** is a 2,234-acre park located in Logan County, Arkansas. Inhabited since the 1850s, Mount Magazine first became part of the Ouachita National Forest in 1938, was re-designated as part of the Ozark National Forest in 1941, and became a state park after a 22-year conversion process from the U.S. Forest Service to the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism. Mount Magazine State Park is the highest in Arkansas. The park contains Mossback Ridge, including the peak of Mount Magazine (called Signal Hill) which contains The Lodge at Mount Magazine, cabins, trails, and a hang gliding area.

## History

Native Americans inhabited the mountain seasonally, often opting to permanently settle in the Arkansas River Valley surrounding the ridge. The Homestead Act of 1862 opened the mountain to settlers who began to populate the area, and the Summer Home School was opened in the late 1800s. The nearby town of Magazine was platted in 1900. The Great Depression forced many settlers off the mountain, with the Resettlement Administration eventually purchasing all private property on the mountain in 1934.

In 1938, Franklin Roosevelt reallocated the land to the U.S. Forest Service and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) began construction on a 27-room lodge the following year. In 1941, the area became a part of the Ozark National Forest, changing from the Ouachita National Forest designation received in 1938. The WPA and Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) also constructed a road to the mountain (which would become the Mount Magazine Scenic Byway), trails, two dams which created Cove Lake and Spring Lake, and an amphitheater. In 1971, the Mount Magazine Lodge burned and was a total loss.

After the lodge burned, tourism declined until new plans for a state park atop Mount Magazine came in the 1980s. The Arkansas Act 884 of 1983 allowed Arkansas State Parks to begin the process of a state park on Arkansas's highest point, and a partnership with the USDA Forest Service allowed the park to open in 1998 as Mount Magazine State Park.

## Recreation

The park offers a visitors center with interactive exhibits and a gift shop shortly after entering the park. Campers can choose from two class AAA campsites and 16 class AA tent-only campsites at Cameron Bluff Campground. Groups can rent the Greenfield Picnic Area, which is a large pavilion, or utilize the grills and tables at the Benefield, Brown Springs, or Cameron Bluff picnic areas for free. Hiking and horseback riding trails meander throughout the wooded areas of the park. Cycling is allowed throughout the park, and all paved routes feature bike lanes. Bike trails include the Huckleberry Mountain Horse Trail and the Will Apple's Road Trail. Blue Mountain Lake, Cove Lake, and Spring Lake all offer bream, catfish and largemouth bass in addition to free swimming. Cedar Piney Lake is also available for fishing but not swimming.

There also exist many opportunities for ATV riding, backpacking, hang gliding, mountain biking, rappelling, and rock climbing within the park. The park hosts the annual Mount Magazine International Butterfly Festival, and is a haven for many rare species of butterflies in Arkansas due to the special blend of altitude and temperature available. The state butterfly, the Diana fritillary, is found almost exclusively in the Arkansas River Valley and the Petit Jean River Valley.

The mountain is also home to black bear, whitetail deer, bobcat, and coyote as well as other species.

## The Lodge at Mount Magazine

In 2006, the multimillion-dollar Lodge at Mount Magazine and 13 cliffside cabins were opened. The 66,617-square-foot (6,189 m2) rustic-style lodge offers 60 guest rooms, a grand lobby, a conference center, a business center, an indoor swimming pool, a fitness center, a gift shop, and panoramic views from every guest room. The Skycrest Restaurant offers traditional Southern cuisine, a two-story fireplace, and a view of the Petit Jean River Valley and distant Blue Mountain Lake.

United States portal

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Protected areas of the United State

## InfoBox

| Mount Magazine State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking west from Mount Magazine's Cameron Bluff (spring 2013) | |
| Location of Mount Magazine State Park in ArkansasMount Magazine State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Logan County, Arkansas River Valley, Arkansas, United States |
| Coordinates | 35°10′01.25833″N 093°38′41.01331″W / 35.1670162028°N 93.6447259194°W / 35.1670162028; -93.6447259194 |
| Area | 2,234 acres (9.04 km2) |
| Established | 1998 |
| Named for | Mount Magazine |
| Website | Mount Magazine State Park |


title: Vasile Soare

abstract: Vasile Soare is a Romanian diplomat. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to Azerbaijan since October 28, 2021.

text:
# Vasile Soare

**Vasile Soare** is a Romanian diplomat. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to Azerbaijan since October 28, 2021.

## Biography

On 7 February 2002, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary ambassador of Romania to Kazakhstan Vasile Soare presented credentials to President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Vasile Soare has studied about the Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

Also, on 9 September 2003, a memorial monument was unveiled in the Spassk village in the memory of the Romanian World War II prisoners who had been buried in the Karlag memorial cemetery. With the help of the local authorities Vasile Soare discovered that 6,740 Romanian captives were kept in the Karaganda region prisons between 1941 and 1946. 827 of them were buried in the Spassk cemetery.

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (2003 — January 2008)

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to Russia (2014 — 2020)

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to Azerbaijan (since October 28, 2021).

## InfoBox

| Vasile Soare | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Romanian Ambassador to Azerbaijan | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2021 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | October 5, 1957
Buciumeni, Romania |
| Alma mater | Diplomatic Institute of Romania |
| Profession | Diplomat |
|  | |


title: Mount Glenn

abstract: Mount Glenn, is in the Coronado National Forest, about 75 miles (121 km) east of Tucson, Arizona. The summit, in Cochise County, is the highest point in the Dragoon Mountains and is a popular local hiking destination. Mount Glenn was named around 1888 after Calvin Glenn, who was a manager for the Chiricahua Cattle Co. at the time.

text:
# Mount Glenn

**Mount Glenn**, is in the Coronado National Forest, about 75 miles (121 km) east of Tucson, Arizona. The summit, in Cochise County, is the highest point in the Dragoon Mountains and is a popular local hiking destination.

Mount Glenn was named around 1888 after Calvin Glenn, who was a manager for the Chiricahua Cattle Co. at the time.

## InfoBox

| Mount Glenn | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount GlennLocation in ArizonaMount GlennMount Glenn (the United States) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 7,523 ft (2,293 m)NAVD 88 |
| Prominence | 2,840 ft (866 m) |
| Coordinates | 31°57′08″N 109°59′13″W / 31.952229103°N 109.986957319°W / 31.952229103; -109.986957319 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Cochise County, Arizona, U.S. |
| Parent range | Dragoon Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Cochise Stronghold |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hike |


title: Greg Cox (politician)

abstract: Greg Cox is an American politician and businessman who served as a member of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors from 1995 to 2020, representing District 1. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the mayor of Chula Vista, California, from 1981 to 1990.

text:
# Greg Cox (politician)

**Greg Cox** is an American politician and businessman who served as a member of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors from 1995 to 2020, representing District 1. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the mayor of Chula Vista, California, from 1981 to 1990.

## Career

### Mayoralty

Cox served as mayor of Chula Vista, California from 1981 until 1990. He was investigated in 1997 by the state Fair Political Practices Commission for failing to include a $2.2 million commercial Home Federal Savings loan in his interest disclosure; he admitted making an "oversight", but was eventually cleared by the Commission of any wrongdoing. After his resignation in 1990, he worked as Director for Local Government in the state Office of Planning and Research.

### County Supervisor

As County Supervisor, he has voted to fund a number of regional construction projects and programs intended to address homelessness in the county. He was the sole dissenter in a 2018 Board of Supervisors vote siding with the administration of President Donald Trump against California's sanctuary state law, Senate Bill 54; Cox called the vote a waste of money, and expressed the concern that it could increase distrust of law enforcement. In 2016, he reported himself to a watchdog group and paid a $3,000 fine after realizing he had failed to disclose a conflict of interest relating to a vote on a permit for SeaWorld San Diego, in which his wife, Cheryl Cox—also a former mayor of Chula Vista—held stock. In campaigns, he has stressed his support for the development project in the Chula Vista Bayfront, for law enforcement, and for environmental protection regulations.

Cox's constituency, District 1, includes the cities of Coronado, Imperial Beach, Chula Vista, National City and communities within San Diego including Barrio Logan, Chollas View, Grant Hill, La Playa, Lincoln Park, Logan Heights, Memorial, Mount Hope, Mountain View, Nestor, Otay Mesa, Palm City, Point Loma, San Ysidro, Shelltown, Sherman Heights, Southcrest, Stockton, Sunset Cliffs and parts of downtown San Diego. The district also includes the unincorporated communities of Bonita, Sunnyside, Lincoln Acres, and East Otay Mesa.

### Other ventures

Cox is the incumbent president of the National Association of Counties, a nonprofit organization that represents county governments in federal affairs. In this role, he has focused on helping counties improving services for constituents. As president of the NACo, he is advised by consultant and former San Diego County administrator Walt Ekard, at the expense of San Diego County. Cox is also a former president of the California State Association of Counties and League of California Cities.

1. Mendoza, Alexandra (2020-11-28). "San Diego Supervisor-elect Nora Vargas sets stage for more Latinas, and a focus on health, equity". *San Diego Union-Tribune*. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
2. "Mayor Will T. Hyde". *Calisphere*. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
3. "FINAL CALIFORNIA ELECTION RETURNS : SAN DIEGO COUNTY". *Los Angeles Times*. 8 November 1990. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
4. "Supervisor Greg Cox Kicks Off Campaign for Sixth Term - Times of San Diego". *Times of San Diego*. 12 May 2015.
5. "SAN DIEGO COUNTY PERSPECTIVE : Greg Cox for 77th Assembly". *Los Angeles Times*. 1992-05-12. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
6. Reza, H.G. (1991-06-02). "Chula Vista Voters Have Big Field to Pick From in Mayoral Race : Election: January death of Gayle McCandliss necessitated Tuesday's special balloting". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
7. Kraul, Chris (1987-06-20). "Chula Vista Mayor Admits 'Oversight' on Loan". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
8. "Chula Vista Mayor Cox Cleared of Conflict of Interest by FPPC". *Los Angeles Times*. 1987-12-15. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
9. Sampite-Montecalvo, Allison (2017-08-07). "County Supervisor Greg Cox delivers annual address". *sandiegouniontribune.com*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
10. Jennewein, Chris (2018-04-17). "Supervisors Vote 3-1 to Back 'Sanctuary' Challenge, But Deadline Has Passed". *Times of San Diego*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
11. "Cox is lone vote against Trump lawsuit support". *The Star News*. 2018-04-19. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
12. Stewart, Joshua (2016-04-05). "Greg Cox facing $3K penalty". *sandiegouniontribune.com*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
13. Jennewein, Chris (2015-05-12). "Supervisor Greg Cox Kicks Off Campaign for Sixth Term". *Times of San Diego*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
14. Stewart, Joshua (2015-11-25). "Cox's big profile keeps competition at bay". *sandiegouniontribune.com*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
15. "Board of Supervisors". *www.sandiegocounty.gov*.
16. Sklar, Debbie (2018-07-16). "SD Supervisor Greg Cox to Head National Association of Counties". *Times of San Diego*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
17. "Greg Cox named incoming President of National Association of Counties". *McKinnon*. 2018-01-08. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
18. McDonald, Jeff (2018-07-17). "San Diego County pays former administrator to advise Supervisor Greg Cox in national role". *sandiegouniontribune.com*. Retrieved 2018-09-15.

## InfoBox

| Greg Cox | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chair of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors | |
| **In office**
January 5, 2020  January 5, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Dianne Jacob |
| Succeeded by | Nathan Fletcher |
| Vice Chair of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors | |
| **In office**
January 5, 2019  January 5, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Dianne Jacob |
| Succeeded by | Jim Desmond |
| Member of the
San Diego County Board of Supervisors
from the 1st district | |
| **In office**
January 1995  December 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Brian Bilbray |
| Succeeded by | Nora Vargas |
| Mayor of Chula Vista, California | |
| **In office**
1981–1990 | |
| Preceded by | Will T. Hyde |
| Succeeded by | Gayle McCandliss |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Cheryl Cox |
| Alma mater | San Diego State University (BA, MA) |
|  | |


title: Greg Cornelsen

abstract: Greg Cornelsen is a former Australian rugby union footballer who was capped 25 times for the national team, the Wallabies, from 1974 to 1982. His usual position was flanker. His son Jack Cornelsen is an international for Japan.

text:
# Greg Cornelsen

**Greg Cornelsen** (born 29 August 1952 in Sydney) is a former Australian rugby union footballer who was capped 25 times for the national team, the Wallabies, from 1974 to 1982. His usual position was flanker. His son Jack Cornelsen is an international for Japan.

## Career

Greg played Australian schoolboys rugby in 1969. The team toured South Africa at the invitation of Danie Craven. Greg was one of two boys selected in this team from The Armidale School - the other was Brian Hayward.

Cornelsen made his international debut for Australia at 21 years of age, when the Wallabies took on the All Blacks in 1974 in Brisbane, which resulted in a 16-all draw. He was subsequently capped in the following match in Sydney, in which the All Blacks won 16 to 6. He next played for Australia against Japan in Brisbane, which the Wallabies won 50 to 25. Over the following two seasons, he played in matches against Scotland, Wales, England and France; all were in Europe and the Wallabies had a tougher time winning.

In 1978, Cornelsen played two matches against the Welsh in Australia, both of which the Wallabies won. They then faced the All Blacks in a three test series. After Australia lost the opening two matches in Wellington and Christchurch, they faced a 3-0 whitewash if they lost the final game at Eden Park in Auckland. In one of Cornelsen's greatest moments, he scored four tries in the third test, seeing Australia through to a 30-16 victory, as well as ending a long string of losses against the Kiwis. He was also the first forward from any country to score four tries in a major Test (i.e., involving two traditional top-tier nations) since 1881, and to this day remains the only Wallabies forward with four tries in a Test.

The following year he played another five tests for Australia, the first of which were two losses against Ireland at home, though the Wallabies then went on to defeat the All Blacks again, at home in Sydney. Cornelsen also played in the two tests against Argentina in Buenos Aires. The series was tied 1 game each. In 1980 the Wallabies hosted the All Blacks for a three tests series. Australia entered the third game with the series at 1 each, winning the final game 26-10 in Sydney. Cornelsen was then capped on the 1981-82 Wallaby tour to Europe against Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England and his long test career came to a close in defeat 11-15 at the home of English rugby, Twickenham.

## Honours

Cornelsen was inducted into the Rugby Australia Hall of Fame in 2017, alongside his former Wallaby coach David Brockhoff.

## InfoBox

| Date of birth | (1952-08-29) 29 August 1952 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Sydney, Australia |
| Notable relative(s) | Jack Cornelsen (son) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Flanker  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1974-1982 Wallabies  25  (16) | |


title: Vaterstetten

abstract: Vaterstetten is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg. It lies east of Munich and is the district's biggest community. Vaterstetten is on the outskirts of Munich, roughly twenty minutes by S-Bahn from Marienplatz.

text:
# Vaterstetten

**Vaterstetten** is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg. It lies east of Munich and is the district's biggest community. Vaterstetten is on the outskirts of Munich, roughly twenty minutes by S-Bahn from Marienplatz.

## Geography

### Location

Vaterstetten borders in the north on the community of Poing, in the northeast on the community of Anzing, in the east on the unincorporated area of the Ebersberg Forest (*Ebersberger Forst*), in the southeast on the community of Zorneding (all in Ebersberg district), in the southwest on the community of Grasbrunn, and in the west on the communities of Haar and Feldkirchen (all three in Munich district).

### Constituent communities

The community consists of the constituent centres of Baldham, Hergolding, Neufarn, Parsdorf, Purfing, Vaterstetten and Weißenfeld.

## History

Because of being on the border of the sandur of Munich, an early settlement in the southern part of today's community area is unlikely, because the tillage was disadvantaged here compared to the northern part. Consequently, the oldest town of the community is Purfing, where a settlement from the period between 750 and 600 BC was found.

Vaterstetten was founded by the Old Bavarii Fater family.

Until 1056 the district of Weißenfeld (Wizzinvelt) was in the possession of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry III as a *Reichsgut*. The fact he instructed his wife about negotiations over his ownership on these lands on his deathbed in the year 1056, shows how significant they must have been for him.

It was here in the summer of 1800 that the Parsdorf Ceasefire was signed by Major General Franz Joseph of Dietrichstein and General Jean Victor Moreau, which later came to an end with the Battle of Hohenlinden. In 1818, when there was the Royal Bavarian territorial reform, the community of Parsdorf was founded and it replaced the former "Steuerdistricts". The administrative seat of the community was transferred to Parsdorf probably because of its important coaching inn.

An increase of the population of the community began with the connection to the rail network in 1871.

In 1913 physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach settled in Vaterstetten, where he died 1916.

The district of Baldham was selected as a location for the studio of Hitler's sculptor Josef Thorak before the beginning of World War II. The building, which was created by Albert Speer, is now a branch of the Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Munich. On 5 May 1945, the delegations of the German Army Group G and the 7th U.S. Army met here to discuss the surrender of the 200,000 German soldiers in southern Germany, which was finally signed in the neighbour community of Haar.

On 19 July 1944, a US Consolidated B-24 bomber crashed into the forest between Vaterstetten and the neighbouring town of Ottendichl (part of Haar). In 2009, the place has been marked by a memorial plaque.

The current community of Vaterstetten came into being with the municipal reform of 1978. The old community included all the same current centres as are now found in Vaterstetten, but it was named Parsdorf. On 1 May 1978, the community's name was changed to Vaterstetten, by which time the community's main centre had long been of that same name, along with Baldham. Before that reform, a part of Baldham (named Baldham-Kolonie) belonged to Zorneding.

## Economy

### Transport

Vaterstetten is part of the Munich Transport and Tariff Association (*Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund*, or MVV). The Munich S-Bahn’s lines S4 and S6 run over the Munich–Rosenheim line through the community serving the Vaterstetten and Baldham stations.

Four buslines of the *Vaterstettener Innerörtlicher Personennahverkehr* (Vaterstetten Local Passenger Transport, or VIP) run regularly in the local area.

The name Vaterstetten is well known to many motorists for its Autobahn roadhouse lying on the A99. The Autobahn itself runs by the community about one kilometre away. Through the community’s south end runs the *Wasserburger Landstraße* (officially named B304), one of Munich’s main arterial roads.

### Educational institutions

Within the community stand four elementary schools, a Hauptschule, a Realschule and the Humboldt-Gymnasium Vaterstetten, as well as a folk high school and a music school.

## Town partnerships

## Regular events

* Street Festival in June
* *Töpfermarkt* (potter market) in the Freizeitpark, always in mid-October
* Volksfest (folk festival)
* Sonnwendfeuer (solstice festival)

## Community development

### Population development

| Year | \- Inhabitants |
| --- | --- |
| 1867 | 175 |
| 1910 | 1,407 |
| 1925 | 1,565 |
| 1939 | 1,837 |
| 1945 | 1,300 |
| 1961 | 5,420 |
| 1987 | 17,843 |
| 2002 | 21,113 |
| 2006 | 21,401 |
| 2008 | 21,697 |
| 2011 | 21,286 |
| 2013 | 22,087 |
| 2015 | 22,768 |
| 2016 | 22,936 |
| 2017 | 23,229 |
| 2018 | 23,422 |

(1910, 1925, 1939, 1961, 1987: census results)

## InfoBox

| Vaterstetten | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Town hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Vaterstetten within Ebersberg district | |
| Vaterstetten Vaterstetten | |
| Coordinates: 48°06′18″N 11°46′14″E / 48.10500°N 11.77056°E / 48.10500; 11.77056 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Oberbayern |
| District | Ebersberg |
| Subdivisions | 7 officially named centres |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Leonhard Spitzauer (CSU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.18 km2 (13.20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 528 m (1,732 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 25,596 |
| Density | 750/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 85591 |
| Dialling codes | 08106 |
| Vehicle registration | EBE |
| Website | www.vaterstetten.de |


title: Vanassaare

abstract: Vanassaare is a village in Mustvee Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia. As of 2011, the population of the village was 44.

text:
# Vanassaare

**Vanassaare** is a village in Mustvee Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia. As of 2011, the population of the village was 44.

## InfoBox

| Vanassaare | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Vanassaare | |
| Coordinates: 58°39′59″N 26°47′30″E / 58.66639°N 26.79167°E / 58.66639; 26.79167 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Jõgeva County |
| Parish | Mustvee Parish |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 44 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Great Barrier Reef (2012 TV series)

abstract: Great Barrier Reef is a nature documentary series exploring the wildlife of the eponymous coral reef off Australia's coast. It was presented by Monty Halls and co-produced by the BBC Natural History Unit, Discovery Channel and Digital Dimensions. The series was broadcast in three parts in the United Kingdom, where it premiered in January 2012 on BBC Two and the BBC HD channel. In the US it aired as a two-hour special on Animal Planet on 9 September 2012. Great Barrier Reef documents the ecosystem and marine life of the coral reef itself, along with the plants and animals on islands and the Australian mainland which owe their existence to the presence of the reef.

text:
# Great Barrier Reef (2012 TV series)

***Great Barrier Reef*** is a nature documentary series exploring the wildlife of the eponymous coral reef off Australia's coast. It was presented by Monty Halls and co-produced by the BBC Natural History Unit, Discovery Channel and Digital Dimensions. The series was broadcast in three parts in the United Kingdom, where it premiered in January 2012 on BBC Two and the BBC HD channel. In the US it aired as a two-hour special on Animal Planet on 9 September 2012.

*Great Barrier Reef* documents the ecosystem and marine life of the coral reef itself, along with the plants and animals on islands and the Australian mainland which owe their existence to the presence of the reef.

## Episodes

### 1. "Nature's Miracle"

The first episode examines the structure of the coral reef and the wildlife which lives in it, as they compete and cooperate. The reef is also affected by numerous factors including the moon, sun, and weather.

### 2. "Reef to Rainforest"

With a landmass larger than Great Britain, only 7% is coral reef. The rest is made of islands, mangrove swamps, and sand flats – all of which feature an array of animals. Even the 100 year old shipwreck of SS Yongala plays a part.

### 3. "Reef and Beyond"

Alien creatures which are rarely seen rise out of the deep ocean waters to visit the warmer waters of the reef. Weather systems also play a part with cyclones posing a great danger to animals and the reef alike.

## InfoBox

| *Great Barrier Reef* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Nature documentary |
| Written by | * James Brickell * Richard Fitzpatrick |
| Directed by | * James Brickell * Richard Fitzpatrick |
| Presented by | Monty Halls |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| No. of episodes | 3 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Neil Nightingale |
| Running time | 59 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network |  |
| Release | 1 January (2012-01-01) <br>15 January 2012 (2012-01-15) |


title: Varpu Lindström

abstract: Varpu Lindström (1948–2012) was a Canadian historian and educator. She was the leading expert on the social history of Finnish women in Canada.

text:
# Varpu Lindström

**Varpu Lindström** (1948–2012) was a Canadian historian and educator. She was the leading expert on the social history of Finnish women in Canada.

## Personal life and career

Born in Helsinki, she emigrated to Canada as a teen in 1963 with her family. She was a respected historian and professor of History and Women's Studies at York University. She founded the Canadian Friends of Finland friendship society in 1982, which encouraged cultural exchanges between the two countries. Her research contributed to the creation of Kelly Saxberg's 2004 historical documentary *Letters from Karelia* about the fate of Finnish Canadians lured back to Soviet Karelia only to be killed in Stalinist purges of the 1930s.

Lindström died in 2012.

## Selected publications

* Lindström, Varpu (1979). *The Finnish immigrant community of Toronto, 1887-1913*. Toronto, Ont.: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. ISBN 0969091656. OCLC 9282945.
* Lindström-, Varpu (1988). *Defiant sisters : a social history of the Finnish immigrant women in Canada, 1890-1930*. Ottawa: National Library of Canada. ISBN 0315358041. OCLC 18873954.
* *Melting into great waters : papers from Finnforum V*. Lindström, Varpu, 1948-, Saarinen, Oiva., Vähämäki, K. Börje., Finn Forum (5th : 1996 : Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.). Toronto: Finnish Studies Program, University of Toronto. 1997. ISBN 0772780528. OCLC 42145492.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* Lindström, Varpu (2010). *"I won't be a slave!" : selected articles on Finnish Canadian women's history*. Beaverton, Ont.: Aspasia Books. ISBN 9780978348885. OCLC 645753246.
* Lindström, Varpu (2010). *From heroes to enemies : Finns in Canada, 1937-1947*. Beaverton, Ont.: Aspasia Books. ISBN 9780986716416. OCLC 689503970.
* Lindström, Varpu (2012). *Letters from an immigrant teenager : Varpu's letters to Kaisa, 1963-1965*. Vähämäki, K. Börje. Beaverton, Ont.: Aspasia Books. ISBN 9780986716423. OCLC 773473749.
* Lindstrom-Best, Varpu (2018). *The Finns in Canada*. Ottawa, ON, CA. OCLC 1027687850.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## Awards and honours

* She was one of the first to receive York University's Atkinson Teaching Award in 1989.
* In 1992, she was awarded the Knight of the Order of the White Rose of Finland, First Class, in recognition of outstanding service to Finland and Finnish Canadians.
* She received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal 2012.
* The University of Toronto hosts an annual memorial lecture in her honour.

## InfoBox

| Varpu Lindström | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1948 (1948)<br>Helsinki |
| Died | 2012 (aged 6364) |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | History, women's studies |
| Main interests | Social history of Finnish women in Canada |
| Notable works | *Letters from Karelia* |
|  | |


title: Varpolje

abstract: Varpolje is a settlement on the left bank of the Savinja River in the Municipality of Rečica ob Savinji in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

text:
# Varpolje

**Varpolje** (pronounced \[ˈʋaːɾpɔljɛ\]) is a settlement on the left bank of the Savinja River in the Municipality of Rečica ob Savinji in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## InfoBox

| Varpolje | |
| --- | --- |
| VarpoljeLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°18′57.75″N 14°54′28.59″E / 46.3160417°N 14.9079417°E / 46.3160417; 14.9079417 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Savinja |
| Municipality | Rečica ob Savinji |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.05 km2 (0.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 365.8 m (1,200.1 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 316 |
|  | |


title: Moutonnée Lake

abstract: Moutonnée Lake is a sub-glacial lake that lies within Moutonnee Valley, marginal to the George VI Ice Shelf, 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Ablation Point indenting the east coast of Alexander Island, facing the west coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica. Following limnological and tidal studies by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) from 1971, it was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) from the presence of roche moutonnées on its shores. As with nearby Ablation and Hodgson Lakes, Moutonnée receives large masses of ice from the adjacent George VI Ice Shelf in George VI Sound, making life in the lake unsustainable. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.147.

text:
# Moutonnée Lake

**Moutonnée Lake** is a sub-glacial lake that lies within Moutonnee Valley, marginal to the George VI Ice Shelf, 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Ablation Point indenting the east coast of Alexander Island, facing the west coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica. Following limnological and tidal studies by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) from 1971, it was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) from the presence of roche moutonnées on its shores. As with nearby Ablation and Hodgson Lakes, Moutonnée receives large masses of ice from the adjacent George VI Ice Shelf in George VI Sound, making life in the lake unsustainable. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.147.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Moutonnée Lake". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Moutonnée Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Moutonnée Lake | |
| Location | Moutonnee Valley, Antarctica |
| Coordinates | 70°52′S 68°20′W / 70.867°S 68.333°W / -70.867; -68.333 |
| Type | sub-glacial lake |


title: Yuri Kimimasa

abstract: Yuri Kimimasa Viscount Yuri Kimimasa was a statesman in Meiji period Japan. During the Meiji Restoration he used the alias Mitsuoka Hachirō

text:
# Yuri Kimimasa

Viscount **Yuri Kimimasa** (由利 公正, November 11, 1829 – April 28, 1912) was a statesman in Meiji period Japan. During the Meiji Restoration he used the alias **Mitsuoka Hachirō** (三岡 八郎)

## Life and career

Yuri was a *samurai* born in Fukui, Echizen Province (present-day Fukui Prefecture). He studied under the Confucian scholar Yokoi Shōnan. He worked towards the financial reform and modernizing of the Fukui domain and received preferential treatment from *daimyō* Matsudaira Yoshinaga due to his great ability.

Yuri joined the new Meiji government as a *san'yo* (senior councillor), and took charge of the financial and monetary policy of the new government. Together with Fukuoka Takachika, he was the principal author of the Charter Oath. Yuri was involved in the issuance of Japan's first national paper banknotes in 1868.

In 1871, he became the fourth governor of Tokyo. Yuri left the role the following year, but was selected as one of the members of the Iwakura Mission on its around-the-world voyage to the United States and Europe. After his return to Japan, he joined Itagaki Taisuke in petitioning for a representative national assembly.

In 1875, he was appointed to the Genrōin. In 1887 he was elevated to the rank of *shishaku* (viscount) in the *kazoku* peerage system. He was nominated to serve in the House of Peers of the Diet of Japan in 1890.

In 1891, Yuri quit government service, moved to Kyoto, and founded the *Yurin Seimeihoken K.K*., one of Japan's first life insurance companies. The company later merged with *Meiji Seimei*, the predecessor to Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company.

## InfoBox

| Yuri Kimimasa | |
| --- | --- |
| Viscount Yuri Kimimasa | |
| Born | (1829-11-11)November 11, 1829<br>Fukui, Japan |
| Died | April 28, 1912(1912-04-28) (aged 82) |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Other names | Yuri Kōsei |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, Entrepreneur |


title: The Adverts

abstract: The Adverts were an English punk rock band formed in 1976 that existed until late 1979. They were one of the first punk bands to achieve mainstream success in the UK; their 1977 single "Gary Gilmore's Eyes" reached No. 18 on the UK Singles Chart. The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music described bassist and founding member Gaye Advert as the "first female punk star".

text:
# The Adverts

**The Adverts** were an English punk rock band formed in 1976 that existed until late 1979. They were one of the first punk bands to achieve mainstream success in the UK; their 1977 single "Gary Gilmore's Eyes" reached No. 18 on the UK Singles Chart. *The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music* described bassist and founding member Gaye Advert as the "first female punk star".

## History

The band was formed in 1976 by T. V. Smith (Tim Smith) and Gaye Advert (Gaye Black). Smith was from the town of Okehampton in mid-Devon, and Advert was from Bideford, a small coastal town in North Devon. After relocating to London, the two young punks recruited guitarist Howard Pickup (Boak) and drummer Laurie Driver (Muscat), and the Adverts were born.

The Roxy, London's first live punk venue, played a crucial role in the Adverts’ early career. They were one of the pioneering bands who played at the club during its first 100 days. The Adverts played at the club no fewer than nine times between January and April 1977. In January 1977, after their first gig supporting Generation X, the band impressed Michael Dempsey so much that he became their manager. Their second gig supporting Slaughter & the Dogs was recorded, and their anthem "Bored Teenagers" was included on the 1977 UK Top 30 album *The Roxy London WC2*. In February, shortly after the band's third gig supporting the Damned, they signed a recording contract with Stiff Records. In March, the band supported the Jam at the Roxy.

In April, the Adverts recorded the first of four sessions for John Peel at BBC Radio 1. Days later, on 29 April 1977, their debut single "One Chord Wonders" was released by Stiff. The single, "a headlong rush of energy", was recommended by both *Melody Maker* and *Sounds*. Understanding the band's limitations, the song's lyrics, composed by TV Smith, were likeably self-deprecating:

> I wonder what we’ll play for you tonight
> Something heavy or something light
> Something to set your soul alight
> I wonder how we’ll answer when you say
> ‘We don’t like you – go away
> Come back when you’ve learnt to play

The Adverts were a prolific live act. Their first nationwide tour was with Stiff labelmates the Damned. The tour poster read: "The Damned can now play three chords, The Adverts can play one. Hear all four of them at..." Later they would support Iggy Pop on tour, as well as conducting their own headlining tours in Britain, Ireland and continental Europe.

On 19 August 1977, the band released the first of their two UK Top 40 hit singles on Anchor Records. Lyrically, "Gary Gilmore's Eyes" was a controversial song based on the wishes of Gary Gilmore, an American murderer, that his eyes be donated to medical science after his execution. *Sounds* described it as "the sickest and cleverest record to come out of the new wave". It was later included in *Mojo* magazine's list of the best punk rock singles of all time.

After the tabloid-fueled controversy surrounding the single, and an appearance on *Top of the Pops*, the Adverts became big news. Observers focused on frontman Smith and bassist Gaye Advert. Reviewers noted Smith's songwriting ability. He was said to have "captured the spirit of the times few contemporaries could match". Another reviewer described Smith as the band's "raging heart, spitting out the failsafe succession of songs which still delineate punk’s hopes, aspirations and, ultimately, regrets". In contrast, Gaye Advert's reputation was more fleeting. She was "one of punk’s first female icons". Her "photogenic" looks, "panda-eye make-up and omnipresent leather jacket defined the face of female punkdom until well into the next decade".

The band's follow-up single, "Safety in Numbers", was released on 28 October but did not chart. A fourth single, "No Time to Be 21", issued on CBS subsidiary Bright Records on 20 January 1978, scraped into the UK Top 40.

The band's debut album, *Crossing the Red Sea* was released by Bright on 17 February 1978. It has since become one of the most highly regarded albums of the punk era, with Dave Thompson calling it "a devastating debut, one of the finest albums not only of the punk era, but of the 1970s as a whole", *Trouser Press* calling it "the equal of the first Sex Pistols or Clash LP, a hasty statement that captures an exciting time", and several other writers including it in lists of all-time greatest albums.

Switching to RCA Records, the Adverts released three additional well-regarded singles, "Television's Over" on 10 November 1978, "My Place" on 1 June 1979 and "Cast of Thousands" on 19 October 1979, but were unable to maintain their momentum. Their career stalled after the release of their second album *Cast of Thousands*, issued by RCA on 12 October 1979. For that album, the lineup was augmented by drummer Rod Latter (replacing Driver) and keyboardist Tim Cross. Pickup and Latter were then replaced by Paul Martinez (guitar) and Rick Martinez (drums).

Shortly after the album's release, the band were threatened with lawsuits by former members Pickup and Latter, who objected to the band continuing to use the Adverts name without them. They split up shortly after the accidental death by electrocution of manager Dempsey. Their last gig was at Slough College on 27 October 1979. After the band ended, T.V. Smith continued with Cross as T.V. Smith's Explorers, then Cheap, and finally as a solo artist from the 1990s onward.

In regards to their legacy, critic and author Dave Thompson argued that "nobody would make music like the Adverts and nobody ever has. In terms of lyric, delivery, commitment and courage, they were, and they remain, the finest British group of the late 1970s".

Former members who have died include Cross (died 9 July 2012) and Pickup (died 11 July 1997).

## Discography

### Studio albums

### Singles

* "One Chord Wonders" / "Quickstep" (1977, Stiff Records)
* "Gary Gilmore's Eyes" / "Bored Teenagers" (1977, Anchor Records) UK No. 18
* "Safety in Numbers" / "We Who Wait" (1977, Anchor Records) UK No. 52
* "No Time to Be 21" / "New Day Dawning" (1978, Bright Records) UK No. 34
* "Television's Over" / "Back from the Dead" (1978, RCA Records)
* "My Place" / "New Church" (1979, RCA Records)
* "Cast of Thousands" / "I Will Walk You Home" (1979, RCA Records)

### EPs

### Live albums

* *Live at the Roxy Club* (1990, Receiver Records)
* *Live and Loud !!* (1992, Link Records)

### Compilation albums

* *The Wonders Don’t Care: The Complete Radio Recordings* (1997, Burning Airlines)
* *The Punk Singles Collection* (1997, Anagram Records)
* *The Best of The Adverts* (1998, Anagram Records)
* *Anthology* (2003, The Devils Own Jukebox)

### Selected compilation appearances

* "Gary Gilmore's Eyes" on

* "One Chord Wonders" on

* "Bored Teenagers" on

* *The Roxy London WC2* (1977, Harvest Records) UK No. 24
* *The Roxy London WC2 - A Live Punk Box Set* box set (2005, Castle Music)
* *If the Kids Are United: The Punk Box Set* box set (2008, Castle Music)
* "No Time to be 21" on *The Great British Punk Rock Explosion* (1991, Link Records)

1. Larkin 2002, p. 9.
2. Strong 2003, p. 4.
3. Joynson 2001, p. 27.
4. Joynson 2001, p. 11.
5. Thompson (Punk) 2000, p. 61-62.
6. Thompson (Alt) 2000, p. 146.
7. The Adverts’ John Peel Sessions on BBC Radio 1;
8. Thompson (Punk) 2000, p. 64.
9. Ellingham 1996, p. 8.
10. Thompson (Punk) 2000, p. 65.
11. Mojo (October 2001) - *100 Punk Scorchers* , Issue 95, London;
12. Larkin 1994, p. 237.
13. Thompson, Dave. "Review of *Crossing the Read Sea* on Allmusic".
14. Young, Jon & Robbins, Ira "Adverts", *Trouser Press*, retrieved 2 January 2010
15. Thompson (Alt) 2000, p. 817.
16. Dimery 2005, p. 404.
17. The Guardian (November 2007). 1,000 Albums To Hear Before You Die. London. Although lacking the impact of the Clash or Sex Pistols, the Adverts defined punk's sound with 1977's self-mythologising single, 'One Chord Wonders'. Also containing the chart hit 'No Time to Be 21', their debut packs enough snotty-nosed indignation to make anybody long to spit at a policeman.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
18. "Adverts Closedown", *Smash Hits*, EMAP National Publications Ltd, 15–28 November 1979, p.9
19. Thompson (Punk) 2000, p. 63.
20. Doc Rock. "The Dead Rock Stars Club 2012 July To December". Thedeadrockstarsclub.com. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
21. Doc Rock. "The Dead Rock Stars Club 1996–1997". Thedeadrockstarsclub.com. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
22. Roberts 1996, p. 366.
23. Roberts 2006, p. 15.
24. Roberts 1996, p. 354.

## Sources

* Dimery, Robert (2005). *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die*. London: Cassell. p. 404. Smith did not deal in simple sensationalism, and his songs suggest a rebel with a cause: 'No Time to Be 21', 'One Chord Wonders', and 'Bored Teenagers' all served as anthems for the blank generation.
* Ellingham, Mark; Buckley, Jonathan (1996). *Rock: The Rough Guide*. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-201-2.
* Larkin, Colin (1994). *All Time Top 1000 Albums*. Enfield: Guinness Publishing. ISBN 0-85112-786-X.
* Larkin, Colin (2002). *The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music*. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 1-85227-947-8.
* Joynson, Vernon (2001). *Up Yours! A Guide to UK Punk, New Wave & Early Post Punk*. Wolverhampton: Borderline Publications. ISBN 1-899855-13-0.
* Roberts, David (1996). *British Hit Albums* (7th ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-619-7.
* Roberts, David (2006). *British Hit Singles & Albums* (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
* Strong, M.C. (2003). *The Great Indie Discography*. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 1-84195-335-0.
* Thompson, Dave (2000). *Alternative Rock*. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 0-87930-607-6.
* Thompson, Dave (2000). *Punk*. Ontario: Collector’s Guide Publication. ISBN 1-896522-27-0.

## Further reading

* *The Life & Times of T.V. Smith* by Dave Thompson (1988, Private)

## InfoBox

| The Adverts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Punk rock |
| Years active | 1976 (1976)–1979 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Past members | * Tim Smith (T. V. Smith) * Gaye Black (Gaye Advert) * Howard Boak (Howard Pickup) * Laurie Muscat (Laurie Driver) * John Towe * Rod Latter * Tim Cross * Paul Martinez * Rick Martinez |


title: Foundation Franklin

abstract: SS Foundation Franklin was a seagoing salvage tug built for the Royal Navy as HMS Frisky in 1918. In 1924, the tugboat was sold and renamed Gustavo Ipland before being acquired in 1930 by Foundation Maritime and renamed Foundation Franklin. The tugboat became famous for many daring salvage operations and rescues between 1930 and 1949. Her many rescues and salvage triumphs were celebrated in Farley Mowat's book The Grey Seas Under. In 1948, the ship was damaged in a hurricane and not considered repairable. The tug was broken up for scrap in 1949 at Halifax, Nova Scotia.

text:
# Foundation Franklin

**SS *Foundation Franklin*** was a seagoing salvage tug built for the Royal Navy as **HMS *Frisky*** in 1918. In 1924, the tugboat was sold and renamed ***Gustavo Ipland*** before being acquired in 1930 by Foundation Maritime and renamed *Foundation Franklin*. The tugboat became famous for many daring salvage operations and rescues between 1930 and 1949. Her many rescues and salvage triumphs were celebrated in Farley Mowat's book *The Grey Seas Under*. In 1948, the ship was damaged in a hurricane and not considered repairable. The tug was broken up for scrap in 1949 at Halifax, Nova Scotia.

## Description

As built, the tugboat measured 613 gross register tons (GRT), was 47.3 m (155 ft 2 in) long between perpendiculars with a beam of 9.5 m (31 ft 2 in). The vessel had a draught of 4.3 m (14 ft). *Foundation Franklin* was powered by a triple expansion steam engine driving one propeller, rated at 1,200 horsepower (890 kW). The tugboat had a maximum speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).

## History

*Foundation Franklin* was built as HMS *Frisky* by John Lewis and Sons Shipbuilding at their yard in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1918. Given the yard number 67, *Frisky* was launched and completed in August 1918. She was designed to move capital ships, and operate in rough weather. The ship was commissioned in early 1919, but the end of World War I removed the need for *Frisky* by the Royal Navy. She was used to tow warships to Scapa Flow until being laid up. In 1924, the ship was sold and retaining her named, performed towing work on the Rhine River and in the Baltic Sea. *Frisky* was later purchased by a German project in 1927 intending to tow barges across the Atlantic Ocean to Argentina and renamed SS *Gustavo Ipland*, but the project fell through. *Gustavo Ipland* then was laid up until 1930.

The ship was purchased in January 1930 at Hamburg, Germany by Foundation Maritime representative Captain James Sutherland. Brought to Southampton for further refit and inspection, she was registered under the Canadian Red Ensign and given the name *Foundation Franklin*. Brought to Foundation Maritime headquarters in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1931, the tug was further refitted by Halifax Shipyards for Atlantic salvage service.

After a few salvage jobs based along the Saint Lawrence River, *Foundation Franklin* established a homeport at Halifax, Nova Scotia for the rest of her career. One of the most successful and hard-working vessels of her type, *Foundation Franklin* carried out many remarkable rescue and salvage exploits. She continued to operate in the salvage role until 1948, when, during the tow of the vessel *Arosa* a hurricane damaged the ship beyond economical repair. The ship was broken up for scrap at Halifax which was completed on 4 April 1949.

Her bell, bearing her original Royal Navy name *Frisky*, was saved from the scrapyard and used at the Foundation Wharf to summon crews to successor rescue tugs when vessels were in distress. The bell has continued to reside at offices beside the company's wharf through successive ownership changes. Today it is owned by Svitzer Canada Limited which continues to operate tugs from *Foundation Franklin*'s old wharf. A plaque beside the wharf on the Halifax Waterfront Boardwalk commemorates her many rescues. The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic preserved *Foundation Franklin*'s bridge and engine room clocks as well as several models and the tug's heavy salvage tackle. *Foundation Franklin* was the centrepiece of a special tug exhibit which opened at the museum in 2009 displaying many pieces of her original equipment and her original bell on loan from Svitzer Canada.

## Citations

## InfoBox

*Foundation Franklin*
| *Foundation Franklin* before World War II. Two "F"s are clearly visible on the twin funnels. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Frisky* |
| Builder | John Lewis and Sons Shipbuilding, Aberdeen |
| Yard number | 67 |
| Laid down | 1918 |
| Launched | August 1918 |
| Completed | August 1918 |
| Commissioned | 1919 |
| Fate | Sold for commercial service 1924 |
| History | |
| Name | * *Frisky* (1924–1927) * *Gustavo Ipland* (1927–1930) * *Foundation Franklin* (1930–1949) |
| Owner |  |
| Port of registry |  |
| Acquired | 1924 |
| In service | 1924 |
| Out of service | 1948 |
| Fate | Broken up for scrap 14 April 1949 |
| General characteristics as built | |
| Type | Tugboat |
| Tonnage | 613 GRT |
| Length | 47.3 m (155 ft 2 in) pp |
| Beam | 9.5 m (31 ft 2 in) |
| Draught | 4.3 m (14 ft) |
| Propulsion | Triple expansion steam engine, 1,200 hp (890 kW) |
| Speed | 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) max |


title: Taylor Barras

abstract: Taylor Francis Barras is an American accountant and banker who served as a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the 48th district, based in Iberia Parish. On January 11, 2016, as he began his third term in the chamber, Barras was elected House speaker by his colleagues, who in what was considered a political upset on the second ballot rejected Representative Walt Leger, III, of New Orleans, the choice of incoming Democratic governor John Bel Edwards.

text:
# Taylor Barras

**Taylor Francis Barras** (born January 1957) is an American accountant and banker who served as a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the 48th district, based in Iberia Parish. On January 11, 2016, as he began his third term in the chamber, Barras was elected House speaker by his colleagues, who in what was considered a political upset on the second ballot rejected Representative Walt Leger, III, of New Orleans, the choice of incoming Democratic governor John Bel Edwards.

## Early life and education

A New Iberia native, Barras is the third of four children of Mazel Borel Barras (1924-deceased) and Elton Joseph Barras (1923–2007), a decorated United States Army first lieutenant in World War II, who operated a country grocery store from 1951 until 1969 and was then from 1969 to 1983 the chief deputy under Iberia Parish Tax Assessor Clegg J. LaBauve, Sr. (1906–1987). The senior Barras was elected to succeed LaBauve as tax assessor in 1983; he handily defeated Erland "Ticky" LaBauve (born May 1947) and held the position from 1984 until his retirement in December 2000.

Taylor Barras graduated in 1975 from New Iberia Senior High School. In 1979, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.

## Career

Barras is market president of Iberia Bank. He is married to the former Cheryl Lopez. In 2011, Barras became one of several members to switch to Republican Party affiliation.

In his first term, Barras served on the House and Governmental Affairs Committee Municipal, Parochial and Cultural Affairs Committee, Ways and Means Committee, and Joint Legislative Committee on Capital Outlay.

### Role as speaker

Barras predicted no shortcuts to the reconciliation of the state budget, the first agenda item in the special legislative session set for mid-February. "None of the choices are easy or ideal, but we have to face them," Barras said.

When Governor John Bel Edwards' proposed increase in the state gasoline tax failed in the House in 2017, key supporters of the governor questioned the effectiveness of Barras' leadership. The Louisiana Republican Party and conservatives in the state House, however, rallied to Barras' defense on the premise that without Barras' leadership, the tax increase may have succeeded. It required a supermajority of seventy votes in the chamber. In a June 1 editorial, the *Lafayette Daily Advertiser* even called upon Barras to resign: "It may be no one could lead these 105 elected representatives, but Barras has proven he cannot. Barras is a good man but a bad speaker." Ken Naquin, the chief executive officer of Louisiana Associated General Contractors, referred to "the toxic mix that is the House of Representatives as it exists today \[with\] the total lack of leadership in the House." Naquin said that "in reality" there are three House Speakers, including Barras, Lance Harris of Alexandria, the chairman of the House Republican Caucus, and Cameron Henry of Metairie, the chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. Harris disputed Naquin's observation and said that Barras is "doing an awesome job."

In July 2017, Governor Edwards sent Barras a letter asking the speaker to formulate his own plan for closing an estimated $1.3 billion budget shortfall for 2018. "If you remain unwilling to undertake comprehensive budget and tax reform, please identify your plan to solve the looming fiscal cliff," Edwards wrote. The governor said that he will not call a second special session to address fiscal matters unless bipartisan solutions are advanced: "At a cost of roughly $60,000 per day, it would be irresponsible to make Louisiana's taxpayers foot the bill for another special session without a firm commitment to act from the House," Edwards wrote.

Lanny Keller, a journalist for *The Advocate**,* wrote in reference to Barras's retirement as speaker that the lawmaker, a compromise choice for the top position, is "a nice guy. But unfortunately, he's been a failure in many ways as speaker, and one who left the House as an institution in far worse shape than he found it. The budget process is a mess, and Barras bears a large share of the responsibility. Some of that is direct and personal, because as a member of the numbers-crunching Revenue Estimating Conference, he blocked ordinary and reasonable budget forecasts in recent months."

## InfoBox

| Taylor Barras | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
January 11, 2016  January 13, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Chuck Kleckley |
| Succeeded by | Clay Schexnayder |
| Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 48th district | |
| **In office**
January 14, 2008  January 13, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Romo Romero |
| Succeeded by | Beau Beaullieu |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Taylor Francis Barras
January 1957 (age 67)
New Iberia, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic (Before 2011)
Republican (2011–present) |
| Spouse | Cheryl Lopez |
| Education | Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (BS) |
|  | |


title: Mastax albonotata

abstract: Mastax albonotata is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae found in South Africa.

text:
# Mastax albonotata

**Mastax albonotata** is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae found in South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Mastax albonotata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Mastax* |
| Species: | ***M. albonotata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mastax albonotata***<br>Péringuey, 1885 | |
|


title: Humfrid

abstract: Humfrid was the count of Barcelona, Girona, Empúries, Roussillon, and Narbonne from 858 to 864. He also bore the title margrave of Gothia, as he held several frontier counties. He was a Hunfriding by birth, with no connection to Gothia. He was probably Hunfrid III, the second son of Hunfrid II, dux super Redicam. He rebelled against Louis the German, the king of East Francia, and was forced to flee to Charles the Bald, the king of West Francia, to whom he was one of the few to remain loyal during the vicissitudes of the 850s. He was appointed count and margrave of several counties in the Marca Hispanica by Charles, possibly as early as 854 and no later than 858. In 858, Humfrid negotiated a treaty of peace with Abd al-Rahman, the Moorish governor of Zaragoza, and marched into Gaul to the assistance of Charles. He arrived at Beaune in February and he did homage to the king on 21 March. He then joined Charles in making war on the Norsemen. Louis took this as an opportunity to invade the country and Humfrid assisted Charles in fending him off. In September, Humfrid regrouped with his forces at Beaune before joining in the defeat of Louis at Saint-Quentin on 15 January 859. During the campaigning of 858, Humfrid had been enfeoffed with the County of Autun and Margraviate of Burgundy. In 856, the Moors captured the castle of Terrassa near Barcelona. In 861, they besieged Barcelona itself, but Humfrid bought them off and renewed the treaty with the consent of Charles. It was to last for three decades. In 862, Charles named his son Charles the Child as king of Aquitaine. This was opposed by the nobles, who, with the exception of Humfrid, did not support the young Charles in his subsequent rebellion. The elder Charles accused Humfrid of disloyalty. On 19 August, Humfrid was deposed. He was not to give up, though. He took Toulouse and killed Count Raymond I in the fighting. Charles responded by confiscating Humfrid's Burgundian lands. Even the pretender Pepin II of Aquitaine led a band of Norsemen in an attack on Toulouse, but was repulsed. Humfrid then fled to Italy, and from there to Swabia, where, in 872, he was a count in Zürich. He was alive as late as 876.

text:
# Humfrid

**Humfrid** was the count of Barcelona, Girona, Empúries, Roussillon, and Narbonne from 858 to 864. He also bore the title margrave of Gothia (*Gothiæ marchio*), as he held several frontier counties.

He was a Hunfriding by birth, with no connection to Gothia. He was probably Hunfrid III, the second son of Hunfrid II, *dux super Redicam* (duke over Rhaetia). He rebelled against Louis the German, the king of East Francia, and was forced to flee to Charles the Bald, the king of West Francia, to whom he was one of the few to remain loyal during the vicissitudes of the 850s. He was appointed count and margrave of several counties in the *Marca Hispanica* by Charles, possibly as early as 854 and no later than 858.

In 858, Humfrid negotiated a treaty of peace with Abd al-Rahman, the Moorish governor of Zaragoza, and marched into Gaul to the assistance of Charles. He arrived at Beaune in February and he did homage to the king on 21 March. He then joined Charles in making war on the Norsemen. Louis took this as an opportunity to invade the country and Humfrid assisted Charles in fending him off. In September, Humfrid regrouped with his forces at Beaune before joining in the defeat of Louis at Saint-Quentin on 15 January 859.

During the campaigning of 858, Humfrid had been enfeoffed with the County of Autun and Margraviate of Burgundy.

In 856, the Moors captured the castle of Terrassa near Barcelona. In 861, they besieged Barcelona itself, but Humfrid bought them off and renewed the treaty with the consent of Charles. It was to last for three decades.

In 862, Charles named his son Charles the Child as king of Aquitaine. This was opposed by the nobles, who, with the exception of Humfrid, did not support the young Charles in his subsequent rebellion. The elder Charles accused Humfrid of disloyalty. On 19 August, Humfrid was deposed. He was not to give up, though. He took Toulouse and killed Count Raymond I in the fighting. Charles responded by confiscating Humfrid's Burgundian lands. Even the pretender Pepin II of Aquitaine led a band of Norsemen in an attack on Toulouse, but was repulsed. Humfrid then fled to Italy, and from there to Swabia, where, in 872, he was a count in Zürich. He was alive as late as 876.

## Sources


title: The Nightly Disease

abstract: The Nightly Disease is the second album by the Norwegian alternative rock band Madrugada. Much darker than their debut Industrial Silence, the album has been described as 'depression caught on tape'. In 2011 the album was remastered and re-issued with a bonus disc featuring much unreleased and unheard material.

text:
# The Nightly Disease

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Panorama.no | link |

***The Nightly Disease*** is the second album by the Norwegian alternative rock band Madrugada. Much darker than their debut *Industrial Silence*, the album has been described as 'depression caught on tape'. In 2011 the album was remastered and re-issued with a bonus disc featuring much unreleased and unheard material.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Black Mambo" | 5:56 |
| 2. | "Step into This Room and Dance for Me" | 5:13 |
| 3. | "Nightly Disease, Pt. 2" | 3:29 |
| 4. | "Lucy One" | 4:49 |
| 5. | "Hands Up – I Love You" | 5:36 |
| 6. | "A Deadend Mind" | 4:52 |
| 7. | "The Frontman" | 4:43 |
| 8. | "We Are Go" | 4:47 |
| 9. | "Into Heartbeats" | 4:32 |
| 10. | "Sister" | 9:01 |
| 11. | "Two Black Bones" | 5:31 |
| 12. | "Only When You're Gone" | 6:31 |

Limited edition (disc 2) 'The Nightly Disease Vol II
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Nightly Disease, Part I" | 6:41 |
| 2. | "Big Sleep" | 3:49 |
| 3. | "I'm Sorry" | 4:39 |

Deluxe edition 2011 (Disc 2)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "City Blues" | 3:33 |
| 2. | "Lost Gospel" | 3:54 |
| 3. | "California (Athletic Sound Demo)" | 2:44 |
| 4. | "Ice-9" | 2:57 |
| 5. | "Ready to Carry You" | 3:03 |
| 6. | "View from a Hilltop (Copenhagen Demo)" | 3:01 |
| 7. | "Fast Blues for Little V." | 3:26 |
| 8. | "4-Track Country Songs Part I" | 3:06 |
| 9. | "4-Track Country Songs Part II" | 5:10 |
| 10. | "I'm Sorry" | 4:41 |
| 11. | "Thrasher (Neil Young)" | 8:52 |
| 12. | "Come on Home to Me (Lee Hazlewood) Featuring Neil McNasty" | 5:23 |
| 13. | "Local Norma Jean (Stockholm Demo)" | 3:30 |
| 14. | "Stop the Beats (Stockholm Demo)" | 3:37 |
| 15. | "Nightclub (Hands Up - I Love You) (Stockholm Demo)" | 5:53 |
| 16. | "If I Only Had My Guitar" | 4:18 |
| 17. | "Lord, Why Have You Left Me?" | 5:03 |
| 18. | "Departure #6" | 4:00 |
| 19. | "Lift Me (Demo)" | 3:12 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | Gold | 25,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| The Nightly Disease | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Madrugada | |
| Released | 20 December 2001 |
| Recorded | 2000 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 64:55 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Producer | John Agnello |
| Madrugada chronology | |
| *Industrial Silence*
(1999) ***The Nightly Disease***
(2001) *Grit*
(2002) | |