title: William H. Yale

abstract: William Hall Yale was a Minnesota lawyer and Republican politician who served as Senator and sixth Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. He was made regent of the University of Minnesota in 1894 by Governor Nelson, and was a member of the Episcopal Church.

text:
# William H. Yale

**William Hall Yale** (November 12, 1831  January 25, 1917) was a Minnesota lawyer and Republican politician who served as Senator and sixth Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. He was made regent of the University of Minnesota in 1894 by Governor Nelson, and was a member of the Episcopal Church.

## Biography

### Early life

Yale was born on November 12, 1831, in New Haven, Connecticut, to Wooster Yale and Lucy Yale (née Hall), members of the Yale family. His father was the great-great-grandson of Capt. Theophilus Yale, and a descendant of Capt. Thomas Yale, uncle of Elihu Yale of Yale University. He was an extensive shoe manufacturer, and later Sheriff's deputy of New Haven County, and lived on the ancestral estate of Capt. Thomas Yale who settled in that place in 1670.

After attending school in Wallingford, Connecticut, and at Suffield Academy he worked as a teacher in Norwalk, Connecticut, for 5 years. One of his school mates was Gen. Joseph Roswell Hawley, later United States Senator and Governor of Connecticut. In 1854 he changed careers and worked as a bookkeeper for the Sharps Rifle Manufacturing Company. In 1857, he decided to move west to Minnesota.

### Career

Yale settled in Winona, Minnesota. Shortly after arriving Yale was admitted to the bar (he had been studying law in his spare time for several years) and began practicing. He initially was a partner of Judge William B. Mitchell, then formed a law practice under Yale & Webber. His early associates were Senator Daniel Sheldon Norton, Secretary of the Treasury and Senator William Windom, Congressman Thomas Wilson, and attorney general Charles H. Berry.

He was quickly elected to local office in Winona as city justice, probate judge, and prosecutor. In 1867 he was elected to the Minnesota State Senate. In 1869 he was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Horace Austin, serving from January 7, 1870, to January 9, 1874, succeeding banker Thomas H. Armstrong. Yale became the 5th President of the Minnesota Senate from 1870 to 1874, and was elected to the Minnesota State Senate again in 1875.

An active member of the Republican party, Yale was a delegate to 2 different national conventions: the 1876 Republican National Convention (which he was unable to attend due to illness) and the 1892 Republican National Convention in Minneapolis. He also led the Minnesota Republican conventions in 1872, 1873 and 1880.

In 1894 Governor Knute Nelson named Yale as a regent of the University of Minnesota. After he was once again elected to the Minnesota State Senate in 1895 the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled he could not serve as a regent until his term expired. In 1899 he was elected to his final term as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives.

In his legal career Yale worked with many other legal and political figures in the state including Daniel Sheldon Norton, William Windom and Thomas Wilson.

### Personal life

Yale was a member of the Episcopal Church. In 1851 he married Sarah E. Banks of Norwalk, Connecticut. They had one son (Charles B. Yale). Sarah died in 1871. In 1872 he remarried to Mary Louisa Hoyt. They had one son (William Hoyt Yale).

Charles was general claim agent of the Great Northern Railway, owned by Canadians Lord Stephen and Lord Smith, and American John Kennedy. His son William was a member and stockholder of the American Philatelic Society, with members including President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his Secretary Harold L. Ickes.

### Death

Yale died in 1917 and is buried in Oakland Cemetery in St. Paul, Minnesota.

## InfoBox

| William Hall Yale | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from the 2nd district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1899  January 7, 1901 | |
| Member of the Minnesota State Senate from the 15th district | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1895  January 2, 1899 | |
| Member of the Minnesota State Senate from the 8th district | |
| **In office**
January 4, 1876  January 7, 1878 | |
| 6th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota | |
| **In office**
January 7, 1870  January 9, 1874 | |
| Governor | Horace Austin |
| Preceded by | Thomas H. Armstrong |
| Succeeded by | Alphonso Barto |
| 5th President of the Minnesota Senate | |
| **In office**
1870–1874 | |
| Governor | Horace Austin |
| Preceded by | Thomas H. Armstrong |
| Succeeded by | Alphonso Barto |
| Member of the Minnesota State Senate from the 11th district | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1867  January 6, 1868 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1831-11-12)November 12, 1831
New Haven, Connecticut |
| Died | January 25, 1917(1917-01-25) (aged 85)
Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Sarah E. Banks (1851), Mary L. Hoyt (1872) |
| Profession | lawyer |
|  | |


title: William H. Wood (American football)

abstract: William Holmes Wood was an American football, basketball, and baseball player, coach of football, and United States Army officer. He served as the head football coach at the United States Military Academy from 1938 to 1940, compiling a record of 12–13–3.

text:
# William H. Wood (American football)

**William Holmes Wood** (September 6, 1900 – June 7, 1988) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player, coach of football, and United States Army officer. He served as the head football coach at the United States Military Academy from 1938 to 1940, compiling a record of 12–13–3.

## Biography

Wood was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, on September 6, 1900, and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. After graduating from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, he attended Johns Hopkins University, before transferring to the United States Military Academy at West Point. There he lettered in three sports, and graduated in 1925.

He married Elizabeth Tuttle in Chicago on April 30, 1927.

Serving in China and Europe during World War II, Wood was chief of staff of the 13th Armored Division. His decorations included the Legion of Merit and the Bronze Star Medal. He retired from the Army in 1956 after rising to the rank of brigadier general.

Wood died at the age of 87 on June 7, 1988, at the William Hill Health Care Center in Easton, Maryland. He had been stricken with Alzheimer's disease. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Army Cadets** *(Independent)* (1938–1940) | | | | | | | | |
| 1938 | Army | 8–2 |  |  |  |
| 1939 | Army | 3–4–2 |  |  |  |
| 1940 | Army | 1–7–1 |  |  |  |
| **Army:** | | 12–13–3 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 12–13–3 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

William H. Wood
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1900-09-06)September 6, 1900
Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | June 7, 1988(1988-06-07) (aged 87)
Easton, Maryland, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1921–1924 | Army |
| Basketball | |
| 1921–1925 | Army |
| Baseball | |
| 1922–1925 | Army |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Fullback (football) |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1925–1928 | Army (assistant) |
| 1932–1938 | Army (assistant) |
| 1938–1940 | Army |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 12–13–3 |
|  | |


title: William E. Kilcrease

abstract: William Edward Kilcrease was a state legislator in Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1850 and the Florida Senate in 1852, 1854, and 1855. He had a cotton plantations in Gadsden County. He owned slaves. He purchased the Edward Curry Love House in Quincy, Florida. Its previous owners died in a Yellow Fever epidemic. His son Albert Gilchrist became governor of Florida. Kirk Kirkland wrote a book about his wife becoming a widow after his death in 1860, remarrying, and serving as First Lady of Florida for her bachelor son.

text:
# William E. Kilcrease

**William Edward Kilcrease** (died 1860) was a state legislator in Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1850 and the Florida Senate in 1852, 1854, and 1855. He had a cotton plantations in Gadsden County. He owned slaves.

He purchased the Edward Curry Love House in Quincy, Florida. Its previous owners died in a Yellow Fever epidemic. His son Albert Gilchrist became governor of Florida.

Kirk Kirkland wrote a book about his wife becoming a widow after his death in 1860, remarrying, and serving as First Lady of Florida for her bachelor son.


title: William E. Klunk

abstract: William E. Klunk is an American psychiatrist and neurologist currently the Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology and Levidow-Pittsburgh Foundation Chair in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Disorders at University of Pittsburgh. He is one of the leading pioneers for in vivo amyloid imaging, which helps detect and quantify pathological protein aggregations in the brain of Alzheimer's patients.

text:
# William E. Klunk

**William E. Klunk** is an American psychiatrist and neurologist currently the Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology and Levidow-Pittsburgh Foundation Chair in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Disorders at University of Pittsburgh.

He is one of the leading pioneers for in vivo amyloid imaging, which helps detect and quantify pathological protein aggregations in the brain of Alzheimer's patients.

## InfoBox

| William E. Klunk | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | Shippensburg University B.S. Washington University in St. Louis M.D. Ph.D. |
| Awards | Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease (2004)
Potamkin Prize (2008)
Reagan Institute Award (2009) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | University of Pittsburgh |
|  | |


title: William H. Baker

abstract: William Henry Baker was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New York.

text:
# William H. Baker

**William Henry Baker** (January 17, 1827 – November 25, 1911) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New York.

## Biography

Born in Lenox, New York, Baker moved with his parents to Oswego County in 1829 and attended the common schools, then Red Creek and Mexico Academies. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in Syracuse, New York, in November 1851 and commenced practice in Cleveland, New York.

## Career

Baker moved to Constantia, New York, in 1853, and served as district attorney for Oswego County from January 1863 to January 1870.

Elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses, Baker served as U.S. Representative for the twenty-fourth district of New York from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1879.

Declining to be a candidate for renomination in 1878, Baker resumed his practice and was a delegate to the State constitutional conventions in 1884 and 1894. He also engaged in agricultural pursuits.

## Death

Baker died in Constantia, New York, on November 25, 1911 (age 84 years, 312 days). He is interred at Trinity Church Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| William Henry Baker | |
| --- | --- |
| Baker as a delegate to the 1894 New York Constitutional Convention | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 24th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1875  March 3, 1879 | |
| Preceded by | R. Holland Duell |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Mason |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 17, 1827 (1827-01-17)
Lenox, New York, United States |
| Died | November 25, 1911 (1911-11-26) (aged 84)
Constantia, New York |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | * Red Creek Academy * Mexico Academy |
| Profession | * lawyer * politician * farmer |
|  | |


title: William H. Bailey (artist)

abstract: William H. Bailey was an American artist and university professor. He was the Kingman Brewster Professor Emeritus of Art at Yale University. He is best known as a contemporary realist painter.

text:
# William H. Bailey (artist)

**William H. Bailey** (November 17, 1930 – April 13, 2020) was an American artist and university professor. He was the Kingman Brewster Professor Emeritus of Art at Yale University. He is best known as a contemporary realist painter.

## Early life

Bailey was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa.

He studied from 1948 to 1951 at the School of Fine Arts at the University of Kansas.

His student days were interrupted from 1951 to 1953. Bailey was a sergeant in the United States Army from 1951 to 1953. He served in Japan and Korea.

After his army days were over, he earned a B.F.A. (1955) and an M.F.A. (1957) at Yale. He studied with Josef Albers.

## Career

Bailey's career as a working artist developed over time. He was best known as a figurative painter whose work is in major collections, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and the National Museum of American Art in Washington, D.C.

He was a professor of art at Yale from 1969 to 1995. Bailey died in 2020, at the age of 89.

## Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Bailey, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 40+ works in 60+ publications in 5 languages and 2,100 library holdings.

* *William Bailey: studio fictions* (1999)
* *William Bailey: peintures et dessins* (2001)
    + *William Bailey on paper* (2006)


title: William Helffrich House

abstract: The William Helffrich House is a historic house located at 1200 Plainfield Avenue in Orange Park, Florida. It is locally significant as a frame vernacular house with Gothic Revival influences, and for being one of Orange Park's largest 19th century houses.

text:
# William Helffrich House

The **William Helffrich House** is a historic house located at 1200 Plainfield Avenue in Orange Park, Florida. It is locally significant as a frame vernacular house with Gothic Revival influences, and for being one of Orange Park's largest 19th century houses.

## Description and history

Built in 1878

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 15, 1998.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| William Helffrich House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Orange Park, Florida |
| Coordinates | 30°10′32″N 81°42′21″W / 30.17556°N 81.70583°W / 30.17556; -81.70583 |
| Built | 1878 |
| MPS | Orange Park, Florida MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 98000857 |
| Added to NRHP | July 15, 1998 |


title: William Heiskell

abstract: William Heiskell was an American politician, active primarily in Tennessee, in the mid-19th century. He served a tumultuous term as Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives in the months following the Civil War, where he opposed the radical agenda of Governor William G. Brownlow, most notably refusing to sign the state house's ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866. A Whig, he had previously served a single term in the Tennessee House, from 1849 to 1851. Heiskell opposed secession and supported the Union during the Civil War. He represented Monroe County at the East Tennessee Convention in 1861.

text:
# William Heiskell

**William Heiskell** (1788  September 9, 1871) was an American politician, active primarily in Tennessee, in the mid-19th century. He served a tumultuous term as Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives in the months following the Civil War, where he opposed the radical agenda of Governor William G. Brownlow, most notably refusing to sign the state house's ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866. A Whig, he had previously served a single term in the Tennessee House, from 1849 to 1851.

Heiskell opposed secession and supported the Union during the Civil War. He represented Monroe County at the East Tennessee Convention in 1861.

## Early life

Heiskell was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, one of nine children of Frederic and Catherine (Steidinger) Heiskell. While he was still young, his family moved to the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Later biographies, including one written by his son, Samuel G. Heiskell, state he served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a delegate to Virginia's 18291830 constitutional convention, though he doesn't appear in the list of delegates in the latter's official proceedings.

In 1833, Heiskell moved to Monroe County, Tennessee, where he established a plantation in the Little Tennessee Valley. Aligning himself with the new Whig Party, he presided over the 1844 East Tennessee Whig Convention, which met at Knoxville to nominate candidates for that year's elections. He also championed railroad construction, helping to organize the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad in the late 1840s.

In 1846, Heiskell ran on the Whig ticket for Monroe County's seat in the state legislature. His Democratic opponent, John Ramsey, successfully portrayed him as a flashy aristocrat who was fond of toddy and store-bought clothes, and Heiskell was defeated. He won the seat in the subsequent election, however, serving from 1849 to 1851.

## Civil War

Like many former East Tennessee Whigs, Heiskell opposed secession on the eve of the Civil War, and remained loyal to the Union during the course of the war. He described the nation as an "indestructible union of indestructible States." In 1861, he represented Monroe County at both the Knoxville and Greeneville sessions of the East Tennessee Convention, which would petition the Confederate-aligned state legislature to allow East Tennessee to break away and form a Union-aligned state. At the Knoxville session, he was appointed one of the convention's assistant vice presidents.

The Heiskell family was divided during the Civil War. William Heiskell and his brother, Frederick Heiskell, remained loyal to the Union. William's wife, Julia, however, supported the Confederacy, and Frederick's son, Joseph, served in the Confederate Congress. During the course of the war, Heiskell moved to Knoxville. After General Ambrose Burnside occupied the city in September 1863, William "Parson" Brownlow, a staunch pro-Unionist, was appointed special agent to the Treasury Department, and in turn hired Heiskell as an assistant.

In March 1864, Jim Heiskell, a former slave of Heiskell who had fled when Burnside occupied the city, alleged that Heiskell and an overseer had kidnapped and beaten him for running away. He further alleged that his brother, Robert, had been arrested for helping him escape. Heiskell denied the charge, and Brownlow defended him in a letter to the Treasury Department. No action was taken, though Jim Heiskell was given documents by General John Schofield asserting that he was a free citizen.

Toward the end of the war, Heiskell helped several former Confederates who were seeking pardons. Like many of the more conservative Unionists, he began to turn against Brownlow, who was seeking retribution against ex-Confederates. In a private letter, Heiskell's brother, Frederick, referred to Brownlow as an "unmitigated humbug."

## Speakership

In 1865, Heiskell was again elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives, this time representing Knox County. When the House convened on April 3, Heiskell was elected Speaker, defeating James R. Hood of Hamilton County by a vote of 37 to 29. Among the first orders of business was the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which easily passed the House and was certified on April 7. The legislature also passed the "franchise law," which barred ex-Confederates from voting. Heiskell voted against the latter, prompting calls for his resignation from the allies of Brownlow, who was now governor.

Throughout the summer of 1865, the rift between Brownlow's allies, who had aligned themselves nationally with the Radical Republicans, and the "Conservative Unionists," who had aligned themselves with President Andrew Johnson, continued to grow. Conservative Unionists, led by Heiskell, were outraged when Brownlow threw out thousands of votes in the August 1865 congressional elections, allowing Radical candidate Samuel Arnell to win in the 6th district. The Conservatives also endorsed Johnson's veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill in early 1866, which Radicals in Congress and Tennessee had championed.

In February 1866, Brownlow's allies in the legislature introduced a second franchise law, creating stricter voter registration requirements, and giving the governor the power to throw out entire counties' voter registrations. Conservatives vehemently opposed this bill, as they felt Brownlow had already abused the powers given to him by the first franchise law. Realizing they lacked the votes to stop the bill, several Conservatives withdrew from the House to prevent a quorum. When Representative James Mullins, a Brownlow ally, accused Heiskell of organizing the quorum-bust, Heiskell called Mullins a "God damned old liar and a damned thief" and threw his gavel at Mullins, nearly igniting a brawl. The law finally passed in May, after several more weeks of infighting.

The struggle between Radicals and Conservatives touched off an editorial war in newspapers across the state. The *Pulaski Citizen* endorsed Heiskell's stance, stating he had used his "best efforts" to maintain harmony and order in the legislature, and the *Cleveland Banner* stated that Mullins was "In the Legislature of Tennessee making an ass of himself." Frederick Heiskell, William's brother, published a "scathing" denunciation of Brownlow in the *Knoxville Commercial*. Brownlow's *Whig* derided Frederick Heiskell as a "superannuated, shallow-brained, malignant, personally corrupt man."

In July 1866, Brownlow called a special session of the legislature to consider the Fourteenth Amendment, which Radicals supported, but Conservatives, including Heiskell, opposed. After the amendment cleared the state senate, its opponents in the state house, lacking the votes to stop its passage, once again fled the Capitol to prevent a quorum. In response, the house sergeant-at-arms rounded up two and confined them to the committee room. Heiskell ruled that this did not constitute a quorum, but the house overrode his decision, and the amendment was passed. Heiskell refused to sign it, and resigned the speakership in disgust. The Speaker *pro tempore*, John Norman, signed the amendment, however, and Brownlow quickly certified its ratification.

## Later life, family and legacy

Heiskell died on September 9, 1871. He is interred with his wife, Julia, at Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville.

Heiskell's brother, Frederick (17861882), was the cofounder of the *Knoxville Register*, and served one term in the Tennessee Senate (18471849). His son, Samuel Gordon Heiskell (18581923), served several terms as Mayor of Knoxville in the 1890s and early 1900s. A nephew, Joseph Brown Heiskell (18231913), served in the Tennessee Senate in the late 1850s, and represented the 1st district in the Confederate Congress during the Civil War. Another nephew, Carrick, was a prominent Memphis-area judge. John Netherland Heiskell, a great-nephew, briefly served as a U.S. Senator from Arkansas.

Heiskell was appointed to the Board of Trustees for East Tennessee University (the modern University of Tennessee) in 1865. He also served on the inaugural Board of Trustees of Hiwassee College. Two stained glass windows in the St. John's Episcopal Cathedral in downtown Knoxville are dedicated to Heiskell and his wife, Julia. Heiskell, Tennessee, a small community in northern Knox County, is named for the Heiskells.

## InfoBox

| William Heiskell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1865–1867 | |
| Preceded by | Edwin A. Keeble |
| Succeeded by | F. S. Richardson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1788
Hagerstown, Maryland, United States |
| Died | September 9, 1871
Knoxville, Tennessee |
| Resting place | Old Gray Cemetery
Knoxville, Tennessee |
| Political party | Whig Party
Know Nothing |
| Spouse | Julia Gahagan |
| Relations | Frederick Heiskell (brother)
Joseph B. Heiskell (nephew) |
| Occupation | Planter |
|  | |


title: William Canning

abstract: William Canning was a Canon of Windsor from 1828 to 1860.

text:
# William Canning

**William Canning** (1778 – 24 February 1860) was a Canon of Windsor from 1828 to 1860.

## Biography

He was the third son of Stratford Canning (1744–1787) and Mehitabel Patrick. He was the brother of Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe.

He was educated at Eton College and then Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge where he graduated BA in 1801, MA in 1804.

He was rector of East and West Hesterton, Yorkshire (1817–1847).

He was appointed to the seventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1828, and held the stall until 1860. His funeral was delayed since the appearances usually following death have not appeared.


title: William James Arthurs

abstract: William James Arthurs was a railway conductor and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Melville from 1944 to 1948 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member. He was born in Janetville, Ontario, and came to Balcarres, Saskatchewan, in 1905. ran unsuccessfully for the Melville seat in the Canadian House of Commons in 1949, losing to James Garfield Gardiner. Arthurs worked for the Canadian National Railway for 40 years, first as a brakeman and then as a conductor; he retired in 1953. Arthurs moved to Vancouver after retiring from his railway job, where he lived the rest of his life before passing away shortly after in 1971.

text:
# William James Arthurs

**William James Arthurs** (1888  July 14, 1971) was a railway conductor and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Melville from 1944 to 1948 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Janetville, Ontario, and came to Balcarres, Saskatchewan, in 1905. ran unsuccessfully for the Melville seat in the Canadian House of Commons in 1949, losing to James Garfield Gardiner. Arthurs worked for the Canadian National Railway for 40 years, first as a brakeman and then as a conductor; he retired in 1953.

Arthurs moved to Vancouver after retiring from his railway job, where he lived the rest of his life before passing away shortly after in 1971.

## InfoBox

| William James Arthurs | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1888<br>Janetville, Ontario |
| Died | July 14, 1971 |


title: William Dudgeon (philosopher)

abstract: William Dudgeon (1705/6–1743) was a Scottish freethinker and philosopher. A tenant farmer who resided at Lennel Hill Farm, near Coldstream, Berwickshire, he was one of several philosophers active in the borders area of Scotland during this period. Other figures in this group include Andrew Baxter, Henry Home, and most importantly David Hume. Dudgeon's first work was 'The Necessity of some of the Positive Institutes of Ch__ty Considered' (1731). This work was a defence of Matthew Tindal's doctrines in 'Christianity as Old as Creation' (1730), which had been criticized by Robert Wallace (minister). Dudgeon's next and most controversial work was 'The State of the Moral World Considered' (1732). In this work he defended a metaphysical optimism that is similar to that of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, as well as a necessitarian doctrine not unlike that of Anthony Collins. This work drew a hostile reply from Andrew Baxter, who was Scotland's most prominent defender of the philosophy of Samuel Clarke. Baxter accused Dudgeon of both ‘atheism’ and ‘scepticism’. These charges encouraged the local clergy in the presbytery of Chirnside to prosecute Dudgeon on the ground that he was the author of a work that ‘contains many gross errors subversive of Christianity’. One of the clerics involved was an uncle of David Hume. Among Dudgeon's other major works is 'Philosophical Letters' (1737), written to John Jackson (controversialist), another prominent defender of Clarke's philosophy. In this work Dudgeon criticized Clarke's Newtonian metaphysics and morals. By way of alternative he defended a form of pantheistic immaterialism that blended the views of George Berkeley and Spinoza, along with a moral sense ethics in line with Shaftesbury. This work was favourably reviewed in the journal 'History of the Works of the Learned' (1737/8), where Dudgeon's ‘Spinozism’ was noted. In another controversy Dudgeon tangled with William Warburton on the subject of Pope's 'Essay on Man'. Warburton, a friend of Baxter's, referred to Dudgeon as belonging to ‘the tribe of Free-thinkers’ and placed him in the same company as John Toland, Matthew Tindal, and Anthony Collins. Some years later John Witherspoon, in his satirical work 'Ecclesiastical Characteristics', mentioned Dudgeon along with a number of thinkers, including Shaftesbury, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Collins, and Kames, whose ideas had been influential on the ‘moderate’ party in the Church of Scotland. These controversies and references suggest that Dudgeon's philosophy enjoyed some influence on both sides of the border. There is no evidence that Dudgeon and Hume had any direct contact. Nevertheless, given their close proximity when Hume was young and philosophically active, and the role of Hume's uncle in Dudgeon's prosecution, it is reasonable to assume that Hume knew of Dudgeon's philosophical work and the associated controversies involving Baxter and Warburton. Suffice it to note that Dudgeon and Hume shared philosophical interests and that on a number of significant issues they took up similar positions. Dudgeon, a resolute defender of the thesis that all is for the best, died of consumption, aged thirty-seven, on 28 January 1743 at Upsettlington, Berwickshire. His most important works were gathered into a single volume, which was published without a printer's name attached in 1765.

text:
# William Dudgeon (philosopher)

**William Dudgeon** (1705/6–1743) was a Scottish freethinker and philosopher. A tenant farmer who resided at Lennel Hill Farm, near Coldstream, Berwickshire, he was one of several philosophers active in the borders area of Scotland during this period. Other figures in this group include Andrew Baxter, Henry Home (Lord Kames), and most importantly David Hume.

Dudgeon's first work was 'The Necessity of some of the Positive Institutes of Ch\__ty Considered' (1731). This work was a defence of Matthew Tindal's doctrines in 'Christianity as Old as Creation' (1730), which had been criticized by Robert Wallace (minister). Dudgeon's next and most controversial work was 'The State of the Moral World Considered' (1732). In this work he defended a metaphysical optimism that is similar to that of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, as well as a necessitarian doctrine not unlike that of Anthony Collins. This work drew a hostile reply from Andrew Baxter, who was Scotland's most prominent defender of the philosophy of Samuel Clarke. Baxter accused Dudgeon of both ‘atheism’ and ‘scepticism’. These charges encouraged the local clergy in the presbytery of Chirnside to prosecute Dudgeon on the ground that he was the author of a work that ‘contains many gross errors subversive of Christianity’. One of the clerics involved was an uncle of David Hume (who was also living in Chirnside at this time with his family).

Among Dudgeon's other major works is 'Philosophical Letters' (1737), written to John Jackson (controversialist), another prominent defender of Clarke's philosophy. In this work Dudgeon criticized Clarke's Newtonian metaphysics and morals. By way of alternative he defended a form of pantheistic immaterialism that blended the views of George Berkeley and Spinoza, along with a moral sense ethics in line with Shaftesbury. This work was favourably reviewed in the journal 'History of the Works of the Learned' (1737/8), where Dudgeon's ‘Spinozism’ was noted.

In another controversy Dudgeon tangled with William Warburton on the subject of Pope's 'Essay on Man'. Warburton, a friend of Baxter's (and later a celebrated enemy of Hume's), referred to Dudgeon as belonging to ‘the tribe of Free-thinkers’ and placed him in the same company as John Toland, Matthew Tindal, and Anthony Collins (Warburton, preface to 'A Commentary on Mr. Pope's Essay on Man'). Some years later John Witherspoon, in his satirical work 'Ecclesiastical Characteristics' (maxim 4), mentioned Dudgeon along with a number of thinkers, including Shaftesbury, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Collins, and Kames, whose ideas had been influential on the ‘moderate’ party in the Church of Scotland. These controversies and references suggest that Dudgeon's philosophy enjoyed some influence on both sides of the border.

There is no evidence that Dudgeon and Hume had any direct contact. Nevertheless, given their close proximity when Hume was young and philosophically active, and the role of Hume's uncle in Dudgeon's prosecution, it is reasonable to assume that Hume knew of Dudgeon's philosophical work and the associated controversies involving Baxter and Warburton. Suffice it to note that Dudgeon and Hume shared philosophical interests and that on a number of significant issues they took up similar positions.

Dudgeon, a resolute defender of the thesis that all is for the best, died of consumption, aged thirty-seven, on 28 January 1743 at Upsettlington, Berwickshire. His most important works were gathered into a single volume, which was published without a printer's name attached in 1765.

## Works

* *The Necessity of some of the Positive Institutions of Ch\__ty Considered*, 1731.
* *The State of the Moral World considered; or a Vindication of Providence in the Government of the Moral World*, 1732. An attempt to solve the problem of the existence of evil.
* *Philosophical Letters concerning the Being and Attributes of God*, 1737. These were addressed to John Jackson, a follower of Samuel Clarke. Dudgeon argued that Clarke's principles involve the conclusion that God is the only substance.
* *A Catechism founded upon Experience and Reason. Collected by a Father for the use of his Children*, with an *Introductory Letter to a Friend concerning Natural Religion*, 1744. Natural religion is treated as the common element in all religious systems, which alone is true.

A collected edition appeared, under the title of *The Philosophical Works of Mr. William Dudgeon*, in 1765. \[Reprinted by Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1994.\]

* Andrew Baxter, 'Some reflections on a late pamphlet called, ‘The state of the moral world considered’' (1732).
* 'History of the Works of the Learned', April 1737, art. 26 \[a review of Dudgeon-Jackson Correspondence\].
* 'Bibliothèque Raisonnée' (April/May/June 1737) \[a review of Dudgeon-Jackson Correspondence\].

## References and Secondary Sources

* James McCosh, The Scottish philosophy, biographical, expository, critical, from Hutcheson to Hamilton (New York, 1875) ·
* Paul Russell, ‘Dudgeon, William’, The dictionary of eighteenth-century British philosophers, ed. J. W. Yolton, J. V. Price, and J. Stephens (1999).
* Paul Russell, 'The Riddle of Hume's Treatise: Skepticism, Naturalism and Irreligion' (Oxford University Press: 2008).
* \[Paul Russell\], "William Dudgeon”, 'New Dictionary of National Biography'. (Oxford University Press: 2004): https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/8140

Attribution


title: William John Arabin

abstract: General William John Arabin (1750–1827) was an 18th/19th century British Army commander of Irish/French descent who was a flamboyant figure during the Napoleonic Wars. In the terminology of the day, he was a "macaroni".

text:
# William John Arabin

General **William John Arabin** (1750–1827) was an 18th/19th century British Army commander of Irish/French descent who was a flamboyant figure during the Napoleonic Wars. In the terminology of the day, he was a "macaroni".

## Life

He was born in Dublin on 27 December 1750, the son of Colonel John Arabin (1703–1757) famed for raising the 57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot at the onset of the Seven Years' War, and his French wife Jeanne Marie Bertin.

In 1789 he was a colonel in the British Army. He was promoted to major general in 1798.

In 1812 he was living in West Drayton and was involved in a court case at the Old Bailey when he prosecuted a local man, William Little, for stealing a fowl worth 18 old pence (£0.08). Little was found Not Guilty.

In 1819 he purchased the Lind estate which sat on the shoreline near Ryde on the Isle of Wight.

On 4 June 1814 he was promoted to full general.

He died on 13 September 1827 in West Drayton and was buried at West Drayton Parish Church. His tomb was sculpted by Thomas Denman. His will was settled in February 1829 and is held at the National Archive at Kew.

## Artistic recognition

General Arabin was portrayed in foppish stance by James Gillray in 1802 at the height of the Napoleonic Wars.

## Family

He married twice:

Firstly to Henrietta Molyneux, daughter of Sir Capel Molyneux, 3rd Baronet, secondly to Catherine Louisa Le Marchant. Rarely for the times, he divorced his wife Henrietta for adultery with Thomas Sutton of Moulsey in 1786. His second wife Catherine (1771-1834) was from Guernsey and was twenty years his junior.

He had at least six children:

He had at least one illegitimate son: Thomas born in 1820, the son of Jane Kemp, a servant at his mansion at Ryde.

## InfoBox

| William John Arabin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1750
Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 1827 (aged 7677)
West Drayton, London, England |
| Buried | West Drayton Parish Church |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Rank | General |
| Children | William St Julien Arabin |


title: William Dupree (bobsleigh)

abstract: William Francis Dupree, from Saranac Lake, New York, was an American bobsledder who competed from the late 1930s to the late 1940s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. Dupree also won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1937 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz.

text:
# William Dupree (bobsleigh)

**William Francis Dupree** (June 7, 1909 – February 25, 1955), from Saranac Lake, New York, was an American bobsledder who competed from the late 1930s to the late 1940s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

Dupree also won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1937 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz.

## InfoBox

William Dupree
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bobsleigh | | |
| Representing the  United States | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1948 St. Moritz | Four-man |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1937 St. Moritz | Four-man |


title: William Durden

abstract: William G. Durden is a former president of Dickinson College. He was a Fulbright scholar and a recipient of the Klingenstein Fellowship from Teacher's College, Columbia University.

text:
# William Durden

**William G. Durden** is a former president of Dickinson College. He was a Fulbright scholar and a recipient of the Klingenstein Fellowship from Teacher's College, Columbia University.

## Education

Durden completed high school at The Albany Academy in Albany, New York. He was one of the first generation in his family to attend college, receiving a B.A. degree from Dickinson in 1971 and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in German languages and literature from Johns Hopkins University. While a student at Dickinson, he was a member of the Theta Chi fraternity.

## Career

Durden was the executive director of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth for 16 years and a member of the university's German Department. For 11 of his years at Hopkins, he was a senior education consultant for the U.S. Department of State and chair of its Advisory Committee on Exceptional Children and Youth. Durden has also served as president of the Sylvan Academy of Sylvan Learning Systems, Inc. and as vice-president for academic affairs of the Caliber Learning Network, a joint distance-learning venture of Sylvan and MCI.

## Dickinson College president

He assumed the presidency of Dickinson College on July 1, 1999 and was inaugurated on 30 October 1999.

During his presidency Durden led several sweeping changes at Dickinson to re-establish a leading role in Liberal Arts education. Durden oversaw the combination of former Library and Information Technology departments into Library and Information Services while also updating the college's antiquated student record systems. Academics were improved and the focus on international education strengthened. Durden was also a strong proponent of the role of Liberal Arts education in business training. Dickinson grew to renown for sustainable and green education initiatives during Durden's presidency.

In 2008, President Durden was a signatory to the Amethyst Initiative, an organization urging a public debate about reconsidering the legal drinking age of 21.

Durden left office with the inauguration of Nancy Roseman on 28 September 2013.

## Appointments

Durden was a mentor for the American Council on Education Fellows Program, the premier higher education leadership development program in the US. He was the mentor for 2004-2005 ACE Fellow Michael B. Brown (now associate dean of the Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences at East Carolina University). In 2007-08, Durden served as chairman of the Annapolis Group subcommittee working on proposing an alternative to the *U.S. News & World Report* rankings of colleges. Recently, he was appointed chair of the advisory board of the Center for the International Exchange of Scholars, Fulbright Scholar Program. He is also a board member of Walden University, a for-profit higher education institute.

## Legacy

Durden was well known for wearing colorful bow ties on campus and provided graduating students with a video of how to wear a bow tie.

The Durden Athletics Training Centre was announced in 2012 after a gift of $6 million from Samuel G. Rose '58 and Julie Walters. The center features a new two-story, 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) athletics-training center replacing the 1960s-era locker rooms at Dickinson’s Biddle Field. The new facility was named the Durden Athletic Training Center to honor the tenure of President William G. Durden ’71 and his wife, Dr. Elke Durden.

## InfoBox

| William G. Durden | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 27th President of
Dickinson College | |
| **In office**
1999–2013 | |
| Preceded by | A. Lee Fritschler |
| Succeeded by | Nancy A. Roseman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Spouse | Elke Durden |
| Alma mater | Dickinson College, Johns Hopkins University |
|  | |


title: William McWhirter

abstract: William McWhirter was a Scottish electrical engineer, grandfather of Norris McWhirter, who invented the combined voltmeter and ammeter, from which such (analogue) subsequent meters were developed.

text:
# William McWhirter

**William McWhirter** (c. 1851–1933) was a Scottish electrical engineer, grandfather of Norris McWhirter, who invented the combined voltmeter and ammeter, from which such (analogue) subsequent meters were developed.

## Early life

He was born in Ayr. He went to school at Ayr Academy.

## Career

He was apprenticed to his uncle who was a baker. He joined the telegraphic department of the Glasgow and South Western Railway, becoming a divisional inspector.

In 1882 he worked for Messrs Norman & Sons, setting up the first electrical lighting at Glasgow Central station. There were no power stations in Glasgow at the time, and under the arches of the railway viaduct on Argyle Street, a makeshift generator was built from a Robey boiler and engine, with dynamos with copper wire brushes. A nearby shop was also lit with electricity, by an arc lamp, and this new contraption drew large crowds.

In 1884 he formed McWhirter & Co, which opened a works in Govan. This site made big improvements to the efficiency and commutation of the dynamo. In 1897 he formed William McWhirter and Sons Ltd. He went to India in 1899 to improve the country's railway signalling.

### Inventions

In 1883 he patented a combined voltmeter and ammeter, a prototype multimeter. It was later manufactured by the General Electric Company.

### Institutions

In 1880 he joined the Institution of Electrical Engineers (now the Institution of Engineering and Technology). He was one of the founders of the Scottish Electrical Contractors' Association (now known as SELECT).

### Research

In research he cooperated with Prof Silvanus P. Thompson, Prof William Edward Ayrton, Prof John Perry, Prof Andrew Jamieson, and the American Frank J. Sprague. He also worked with Hugo Hirst, 1st Baron Hirst.

## Personal life

He married Marian, from Ayr.

One of his sons would be William Allan McWhirter, born in 1889, who became the editor of the *Sunday Pictorial* (later to become the Sunday Mirror), and managing director from 1944-50 of Associated Newspapers. His grandsons were Norris McWhirter CBE and Ross McWhirter.

* *Times* obituary, 9 March 1933

## InfoBox

| William McWhirter | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1851
Ayr |
| Died | 6 March 1933 (aged 82)
Clarkston, East Renfrewshire |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Newton on Ayr Academy |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Spouse | Marian |
| **Engineering career** | |
| Discipline | Electrical engineering |
| Institutions | Institution of Electrical Engineers |
| Significant advance | Voltmeter and ammeter |
|  | |


title: William Reed (politician)

abstract: William Reed was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Marblehead in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Reed received a limited education. He worked as a merchant. Reed was elected as a Federalist to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses. He served as a member of the board of the Andover Theological Seminary. He was a Trustee of Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. He resumed work as a merchant. He died in Marblehead, Massachusetts, February 18, 1837, and bequest of funds to Dartmouth allowed the erection of Reed Hall, the school's first building attributable to a single donor. He was buried in a private burial ground on Harris Street in Marblehead.

text:
# William Reed (politician)

**William Reed** (June 6, 1776  February 18, 1837) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.

Born in Marblehead in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Reed received a limited education. He worked as a merchant.

Reed was elected as a Federalist to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses (March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1815). He served as a member of the board of the Andover Theological Seminary. He was a Trustee of Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.

He resumed work as a merchant. He died in Marblehead, Massachusetts, February 18, 1837, and bequest of funds to Dartmouth allowed the erection of Reed Hall, the school's first building attributable to a single donor. He was buried in a private burial ground on Harris Street in Marblehead.

* United States Congress. "William Reed (id: R000130)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| William Reed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 2nd district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1811  March 3, 1815 | |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Pickman Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Timothy Pickering |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1776-06-06)June 6, 1776
Marblehead, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America |
| Died | February 18, 1837(1837-02-18) (aged 60)
Marblehead, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Political party | Federalist |
|  | |


title: William Moore Johnson

abstract: Sir William Moore Johnson, 1st Baronet, KC, PC was an Irish politician, barrister and judge. He was held in great affection by the Bar, despite a reputation for obtuseness which led to his nickname "Wooden-headed Billy". He was described as "a monument of kindness and stupidity". He was the son of Rev. William Johnson, chancellor of the Diocese of Cloyne, and his wife Elizabeth Hamilton, daughter of the Rev. William Hamilton, Fellow of Trinity College Dublin. He was educated at Trinity College Dublin, entered Lincoln's Inn in 1849, and was called to the Irish Bar four years later. In 1872, he became a Queen's Counsel. He was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Mallow in County Cork in 1880, and held the seat until 1883. He also served as Solicitor General for Ireland from 1880 to 1881. In 1881, he was sworn a member of the Privy Council of Ireland and made Attorney General for Ireland. He remained Attorney General until 1883, when he was appointed a Justice of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice in Ireland. He married Susan, daughter of Richard Bayly of Green Park, Kilmallock, the following year. According to Maurice Healy, Johnson did not wish to become a judge. However, as Attorney General, he caused a furore when, on arriving in Court to prosecute Maurice's uncle Timothy Michael Healy, he publicly shook his hand, and the Crown felt that it would be better if he ceased to be a Law Officer. As a judge he was notorious for his inability to get the facts of a case right, leading to the nickname "Wooden-headed Billy". Maurice Healy however adds that he was a fairly good lawyer and the kindest-hearted of men. In an era when many Irish judges, such as Hugh Holmes, Walter Boyd and William Drennan Andrews were noted for the severity of their sentences in criminal cases, Johnson was noted for his clemency. At the Wexford assize in 1897, he expressed his horror at the brutal murder of James Kelly, a prosperous farmer from Kilcavan, the previous month. He told the grand jury that he would not comment on the case in detail since there had been no arrest. In fact, no arrest was ever made and the murder remains unsolved to this day. He was created a Baronet in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 24 November 1909 after his retirement from the court that year. He died at his home in Dublin on 9 December 1918, and the title became extinct on his death.

text:
# William Moore Johnson

**Sir William Moore Johnson, 1st Baronet**, KC, PC (1828 – 9 December 1918) was an Irish politician, barrister and judge. He was held in great affection by the Bar, despite a reputation for obtuseness which led to his nickname "Wooden-headed Billy". He was described as "a monument of kindness and stupidity".

He was the son of Rev. William Johnson, chancellor of the Diocese of Cloyne, and his wife Elizabeth Hamilton, daughter of the Rev. William Hamilton, Fellow of Trinity College Dublin. He was educated at Trinity College Dublin, entered Lincoln's Inn in 1849, and was called to the Irish Bar four years later. In 1872, he became a Queen's Counsel.

He was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Mallow in County Cork in 1880, and held the seat until 1883. He also served as Solicitor General for Ireland from 1880 to 1881. In 1881, he was sworn a member of the Privy Council of Ireland and made Attorney General for Ireland. He remained Attorney General until 1883, when he was appointed a Justice of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice in Ireland. He married Susan, daughter of Richard Bayly of Green Park, Kilmallock, the following year.

According to Maurice Healy, Johnson did not wish to become a judge (largely because Irish judges were rather poorly paid). However, as Attorney General, he caused a furore when, on arriving in Court to prosecute Maurice's uncle Timothy Michael Healy, he publicly shook his hand, and the Crown felt that it would be better if he ceased to be a Law Officer.

As a judge he was notorious for his inability to get the facts of a case right, leading to the nickname "Wooden-headed Billy". Maurice Healy however adds that he was a fairly good lawyer and the kindest-hearted of men. In an era when many Irish judges, such as Hugh Holmes, Walter Boyd and William Drennan Andrews were noted for the severity of their sentences in criminal cases, Johnson was noted for his clemency.

At the Wexford assize in 1897, he expressed his horror at the brutal murder of James Kelly, a prosperous farmer from Kilcavan, the previous month. He told the grand jury that he would not comment on the case in detail since there had been no arrest. In fact, no arrest was ever made and the murder remains unsolved to this day.

He was created a Baronet (of Dublin) in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 24 November 1909 after his retirement from the court that year. He died at his home in Dublin on 9 December 1918, and the title became extinct on his death.

## Arms

Coat of arms of William Moore Johnson
|  | NotesConfirmed by Nevile Wilkinson, Ulster King of Arms, 15 November 1909. CrestA spur Or leathered Gules between two wings erect Pean. TorseArgent and Sable. EscutcheonArgent a saltire Pean on a chief embattled Gules a portcullis Or between two cushions Ermine tasselled Gold. MottoNunquam Non Paratus |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| William Moore Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| In *The Sketch*, 4 November 1896 | |
| Born | 1828 (1828) |
| Died | 9 December 1918(1918-12-09) (aged 94–95)<br>Dublin, Ireland |
| Education | Trinity College Dublin |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, barrister, judge |
| Spouse | Susan Bayly (m. 1884) |


title: Finch station

abstract: Finch is the northern terminus subway station of the eastern section of Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located under Yonge Street, north of Finch Avenue. Finch is the busiest TTC bus terminal and the sixth-busiest subway station, serving approximately 59,364 people per day. The station connects with other transit agencies at the adjoining Finch Bus Terminal.

text:
# Finch station

**Finch** is the northern terminus subway station of the eastern section of Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located under Yonge Street, north of Finch Avenue.

Finch is the busiest TTC bus terminal and the sixth-busiest subway station, serving approximately 59,364 people per day. The station connects with other transit agencies at the adjoining Finch Bus Terminal.

## History

The station was opened on March 29, 1974, in what was then the Borough of North York, by provincial premier Bill Davis and borough mayor Mel Lastman. It replaced York Mills as the northern terminus of the line. Houses which once fronted the station along Yonge Street were demolished. Finch was created using the cut-and-cover technique as a way to save money.

In 1999, this station became accessible with elevators.

In April 2006, work began on creating a new exit from the bus station on the western stub of Pemberton Avenue. This new exit was created because of the passenger and vehicular congestion that was created during the rush hour periods. In the morning rush hour, buses took an average of 1 minute and 58 seconds to travel the 40 metres from the station to Yonge Street, with some waiting up to 4 minutes. The new exit was completed in January 2007.

## Station description

### Station layout and features

Stairs, escalators, and elevators lead from the bus platform down three levels to the train platform. The upper concourse, one floor below the bus platform, is a corridor running the length of the bus platform. It collects the landings of all of the terminal's stairs and escalators and leads to another bank of stairs and escalators down to the lower concourse.

The lower concourse level is the main concourse of the subway station. It is divided into the fare-paid and unpaid areas. The unpaid area is a long corridor, part of which runs alongside the fare-paid area lined with several automated Presto card fare gates and staffed entrances. It contains connections to office towers (North American Life, Place Nouveau, and condominiums on Pemberton Avenue), the regional bus terminal, and the "kiss-and-ride" passenger drop-off facility; it also contains Presto card fare vending machines. The fare-paid area houses a few shops, including Gateway Newstands and Tim Hortons, florist, lottery booth, clothing shop, and stairs and escalators down to the subway platform.

### Entrances

Passengers can enter the station from eight different entrances located in the Finch Avenue and Yonge Street area. Accessible entrances can be found on Yonge Street at Hendon Avenue, by the Finch Bus Terminal, and at the North American Centre. Other non-accessible entrances can be found at 5775 and 5765 Yonge Street, Pemberton Avenue, and at the northeast corner of the Yonge Street and Finch Avenue intersection.

There is an emergency exit between Finch and North York Centre stations at the northeast corner of Church Avenue and Yonge Street. The site was once the Willowdale United Church, demolished to make way for subway construction. Stairs from the subway tunnel surface into a brick building in the old cemetery.

### Parking lots and passenger drop-off facility

There are two major TTC parking lots (referred to as the car park in directional signage) at Finch Station for use by commuters. They are named the East Lot and the West Lot, and are located north of Bishop/Hendon, east and west of Yonge Street respectively. The lots have a combined capacity of 3,227 parking spaces, the most of any TTC facility.

In addition to the parking lots, Finch station also features a relatively elaborate "kiss-and-ride" passenger drop-off/pick-up facility, which is connected to the lower concourse level of the station (outside the fare-paid area) by pedestrian tunnels. The area has a round, indoor waiting area for passengers, with about 20 temporary parking spaces circularly surrounding the structure. It is adjacent to the west parking lot.

On the north side of Bishop Avenue, slightly east of the station (along the southern edge of the GO bus terminal) is a parking lane for taxicabs. This is best accessed by exiting the subway station at the stairs/escalator to the north-east corner of Yonge and Bishop (the GO bus terminal).

## Ridership

Finch station ridership
| Year | Riders | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | 92,610 |  |
| 2008 | 94,920 | +2.49% |
| 2009 | 94,400 | −0.55% |
| 2010 | 96,240 | +1.95% |
| 2011 | 101,940 | +5.92% |
| 2012 | 97,460 | −4.39% |
| 2013 | 97,460 | +0.00% |
| 2014 | 90,910 | −6.72% |
| 2015 | 100,820 | +10.90% |
| 2016 | 85,720 | −14.98% |
| 2018 | 99,350 | +7.66% |
|  | | |

The ridership at Finch station has been relatively stable since 2007, with a peak ridership of 101,940 in 2011 and the lowest ridership in 2016 with 85,720 riders.

## Architecture and art

Krystyna Sadowska's sculpture *Rhythm of Exotic Plants* (1965) is displayed on the lower concourse level, outside the fare-paid area; A stainless-steel plaque celebrating the station's opening is also located on the lower concourse. A smaller plaque is located at the south subway platform.

## Subway infrastructure in the vicinity

North of the station, there are two tail tracks extending beyond the end of the platform, plus a third in between them, to store subway trains. South of the station, there is a diamond crossover for arriving trains to cross over to the southbound track, and for departing trains on the northbound track to depart via the southbound track.

## Surface connections

When the subway is closed, buses do not enter the station, and an on-street transfer is required. TTC routes serving the station include:

| Route | Name | Additional information |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| 36A | Finch West | Westbound to Finch West station |
| | 36B | Westbound to Humberwood Boulevard via Finch West station |
| 39A | Finch East | Eastbound to Neilson Road |
| | 39B | Eastbound to Old Finch Avenue and Morningview Trail |
| | 39C | Eastbound to Victoria Park Avenue and Gordon Baker Road
(Rush hour service) |
| 42A | Cummer | Eastbound to Middlefield Road and Dynamic Drive |
| | 42C | Eastbound to Victoria Park Avenue
(Rush hour service) |
| 53A | Steeles East | Eastbound to Staines Road |
| | 53B | Eastbound to Morningside Avenue |
| 60A | Steeles West | Westbound to Pioneer Village station |
| | 60B | Westbound to Martin Grove Road via Pioneer Village station |
| | 60D | Westbound to Highway 27 via Pioneer Village station |
| 97A | Yonge | Northbound to Steeles Avenue and southbound to St. Clair station
(On-street stop outside station) |
| | 97B | Northbound to Steeles Avenue via Yonge Boulevard and southbound to St. Clair station via Yonge Boulevard
(On-street stop outside station) |
| 125 | Drewry | Westbound to Bathurst Street (Torresdale) |
| 939A | Finch Express | Eastbound to Kennedy station |
| | 939B | Westbound to Finch West station |
| | 939C | Eastbound to Morningside Heights
(Rush hour service) |
| 953A | Steeles East Express | Eastbound to Staines Road |
| | 953B | Eastbound to Morningside Avenue
(Rush hour service) |
| 960B | Steeles West Express | Westbound to Martin Grove Road via Pioneer Village station |
| | 960D | Westbound to Highway 27 via Pioneer Village station |
| 320 | Yonge | Blue Night service; northbound to Steeles Avenue and southbound to Queens Quay
(On-street stop outside station) |
| 336 | Finch West | Blue Night service; westbound to Woodbine Racetrack via Humber College
(On-street stop outside station) |
| 339 | Finch East | Blue Night service; eastbound to Markham Road
(On-street stop outside station) |

## Nearby landmarks

* Plaque on the North American Life building commemorating the birthplace of former Canadian Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson
* Newtonbrook Plaza
* Finch's Hotel (historic landmark that no longer exists)

## Future

A planned extension of Line 1 Yonge–University from Finch to Richmond Hill in York Region would add at least new 5 stations. First proposed in 2007 as part of MoveOntario 2020, the current plan was announced in April 2019 by Premier Doug Ford. In September 2022, Metrolinx awarded a contract to Black & McDonald Limited to upgrade Finch station before the start of construction on the extension. Work was to include improvements to the electrical system that powered trains and extending the waterless sprinkler system over the tail tracks that were to become the new mainline north of the station.

In 2007, the Transit City proposal called for a new LRT line, then known as the Etobicoke–Finch West LRT line, to run along Finch Avenue West from Humber College station to Finch station. While the portion from Humber College to Finch West station was under construction by 2022 as Line 6 Finch West, the Province of Ontario had no plans to construct the portion between Finch West and Finch stations as of 2019.

## InfoBox

| Finch | |
| --- | --- |
| Platform level | |
| General information | |
| Location | 5600 Yonge Street
Toronto, Ontario
Canada |
| Coordinates | 43°46′50″N 79°24′53″W / 43.78056°N 79.41472°W / 43.78056; -79.41472 |
| Platforms | Centre platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | TTC buses * 36  Finch West * 39  Finch East * 42  Cummer * 53  Steeles East * 60  Steeles West * 97  Yonge * 125  Drewry * **320**   Yonge * **336**   Finch West * **339**   Finch East * 939  Finch Express * 953  Steeles East Express * 960  Steeles West Express  Finch Bus Terminal |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Parking | 3,227 |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Website | Official station page |
| History | |
| Opened | March 29, 1974 (1974-03-29) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2022 | 59,364 |
| Rank | 8 of 70 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Toronto Transit Commission Following station  North York Centretowards Vaughan  Line 1 Yonge–University  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: George Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds

abstract: George Godolphin Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds, JP, styled Earl of Danby from birth until 1872 and subsequently Marquess of Carmarthen until 1895, was a British peer and Conservative politician.

text:
# George Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds

**George Godolphin Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds**, JP (18 September 1862 – 10 May 1927), styled **Earl of Danby** from birth until 1872 and subsequently **Marquess of Carmarthen** until 1895, was a British peer and Conservative politician.

## Early life

Osborne was born at 13 Hertford Street in Mayfair, the second and oldest surviving son of The 9th Duke of Leeds and his wife, The Hon. Frances Georgiana Pitt-Rivers, daughter of The 4th Baron Rivers. Leeds was educated at Eton College and then at Trinity College, Cambridge.

## Career

He entered the British House of Commons, as Marquess of Carmarthen, in 1887, representing Brixton until December 1895, when he succeeded his father in his titles. In his first three years as Member of Parliament (MP), Lord Carmarthen was assistant secretary to The 1st Baron Knutsford.

He served as Treasurer of the Household in 1895 and 1896, and sat in the London County Council. Leeds was a Justice of the Peace for the North Riding of the County of York. He was a lieutenant in the Yorkshire Hussars and an honorary captain in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. Leeds commanded the Royal Yacht Squadron and was a naval aide-de-camp to the King.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Duke of Leeds was initiated into the fraternal society of the Ancient Order of Druids and was present in Stonehenge in August 1905 for the first massive ceremony organized by the A.O.D.

The Duke was noted for his racing greyhounds. His gambling debts played a part in the sale of the family seat Hornby Castle by his heir.

## Personal life

On 13 February 1884 he married Lady Katherine Frances Lambton, second daughter of The 2nd Earl of Durham and Lady Beatrix Frances Hamilton, at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, and had by her, four daughters and one son.

Leeds died in London on 10 May 1927, aged sixty-four, and was buried on 14 May. He was succeeded in the peerage by his only son, John.

## InfoBox

| His GraceThe Duke of LeedsJP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Treasurer of the Household | |
| **In office**
1895–1896 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur George Brand |
| Succeeded by | The Viscount Curzon |
| Member of Parliament for Brixton | |
| **In office**
1887–1895 | |
| Preceded by | Ernest Baggallay |
| Succeeded by | Evelyn Hubbard |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Godolphin Osborne
(1862-09-18)18 September 1862
Mayfair, London, England |
| Died | 10 May 1927(1927-05-10) (aged 64) |
| Spouse | Lady Katherine Frances Lambton   (after 1884) |
| Parent(s) | George Osborne, 9th Duke of Leeds
Hon. Frances Georgiana Pitt-Rivers |
| Residence | Hornby Castle |
| Education | Eton College |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
|  | |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Boise County, Idaho. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Boise County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 4 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Boise County, Idaho

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Boise County, Idaho**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Boise County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 4 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Arrowrock Dam |  | November 9, 1972
(#72000437) | About 10 miles east of Boise on United States Forest Service roads
43°35′44″N 115°55′19″W / 43.595556°N 115.921944°W / 43.595556; -115.921944 (Arrowrock Dam) | Boise |  |
| 2 | Idaho City |  | June 27, 1975
(#75000626) | Bounded by the city limits
43°49′47″N 115°49′58″W / 43.829722°N 115.832778°W / 43.829722; -115.832778 (Idaho City) | Idaho City |  |
| 3 | Placerville Historic District |  | September 7, 1984
(#84001029) | Roughly bounded by the city limits
43°56′35″N 115°56′49″W / 43.943056°N 115.946944°W / 43.943056; -115.946944 (Placerville Historic District) | Placerville |  |
| 4 | Upper Brownlee School |  | March 31, 1998
(#98000264) | Dry Buck Rd., 0.1 miles northeast of its junction with Timber Butte Rd.
44°02′07″N 116°14′14″W / 44.035252°N 116.237096°W / 44.035252; -116.237096 (Upper Brownlee School) | Sweet |  |


title: United States women's national 3x3 team

abstract: The USA Women's 3x3 Teams are two of the 3x3 basketball teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. In 2007, FIBA decided to start championships for the 3x3 event, starting in 2010. Two events are held, one for athletes under 18 years of age and one open event. The under 18 event (U18) is held every year, although in every fourth year, starting with 2010, the event is part of the Youth Olympic Games. The open events are held every other year, in even-numbered years, starting in 2012.

text:
# United States women's national 3x3 team

The **USA Women's 3x3 Teams** are two of the 3x3 basketball teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. In 2007, FIBA decided to start championships for the 3x3 event (also called three-on-three), starting in 2010. Two events are held, one for athletes under 18 years of age and one open event. The under 18 event (U18) is held every year, although in every fourth year, starting with 2010, the event is part of the Youth Olympic Games. The open events are held every other year, in even-numbered years, starting in 2012.

## Tournament record

### Olympic Games

| Year | Result | Position | Pld | W | L | Players |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 Tokyo | **Gold medalists** | **1st** | 9 | 8 | 1 | Dolson, Gray, Plum, Young |
| 2024 Paris | **Bronze medalists** | **3rd** | 10 | 6 | 4 | Burdick, Hamby, Howard, Van Lith |
| Total | 1 Title | 2/2 | 19 | 14 | 5 |  |

### World Cup

| Year | Result | Position | Pld | W | L | Players |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 Athens | **Champions** | **1st** | 9 | 9 | 0 |  |
| 2014 Moscow | **Champions** | **1st** | 9 | 9 | 0 |  |
| 2016 Guangzhou | **Third place** | **3rd** | 7 | 5 | 2 |  |
| 2017 Nantes | *Did not qualify* | | | | | |
| 2018 Bocaue | Fifth place | 5th | 5 | 4 | 1 | Boley, Gildon, Hebard, Ionescu |
| 2019 Amsterdam | *Did not qualify* | | | | | |
| 2022 Antwerp | Seventh place | 7th | 5 | 4 | 1 | Burdick, Cox, Joens, Van Lith |
| 2023 Vienna | **Champions** | **1st** | 8 | 7 | 1 | Brink, Burdick, Harper, Van Lith |
| 2025 | *To be determined* | | | | | |
| Total | 3 Titles | 6/9 | 43 | 38 | 5 |  |

### Pan American Games

| Year | Result | Position | Pld | W | L | Players |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 Lima | **Gold medalists** | **1st** | 7 | 7 | 0 | Hebard, Ionescu, Nelson-Ododa, Williams |
| 2023 Santiago | **Gold medalists** | **1st** | 5 | 5 | 0 | Burdick, Dietrick, Hull, Stevens |
| Total | 2 Titles | 2/2 | 12 | 12 | 0 |  |

### AmeriCup

| Year | Result | Position | Pld | W | L | Players |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 Miami | **Champions** | **1st** | 5 | 5 | 0 |  |
| 2022 Miami | **Third place** | **3rd** | 5 | 4 | 1 |  |
| 2023 San Juan | **Champions** | **1st** | 5 | 5 | 0 |  |
| 2024 San Juan | *To be determined* | | | | | |
| Total | 2 Titles | 3/4 | 15 | 14 | 1 |  |

## 2020 Olympics

The Olympic event in 2021 was held as part of the 2020 Olympic Games held in Tokyo, Japan, July 24–28, 2021.

The players for the USA team were:

Young was a late replacement to the team after Katie Lou Samuelson contracted COVID-19 just prior to the start of the games. The team won all but one game in pool play to take a 6–1 record into the knock-out round. They beat France in the semi-final 18–16, which set up the gold medal match against ROC. The USA team won that match 18–15 to win the first ever gold medal at an Olympic Games 3x3 basketball tournament.

## U18 record

* 2010 6–1 3rd
* 2011 7–2 4th (honorary bronze)
* 2012 7–1 1st
* 2013 8–1 1st
* 2014 9–0 1st
* 2015 7–1 2nd
* 2016 5–2 2nd
* 2017 7–0 1st
* 2018 7–0 1st

## Open record

* 2012 9–0 1st
* 2014 9–0 1st
* 2016 5–2 3rd
* 2018 4–1 5th

## 2010 U18

Kathy Richey-Walton was named to coach the U18 team selected to compete in the first ever Youth Olympic Games which was held in Singapore from August 14 to 26 2010. The players selected for the team were:

Stokes led the team in scoring in the first game against Angola. She scored 12 points, to help the team win 20–8. She went on to score 19 points in the game against the host country Singapore, helping the team to win 34–11. Henson took over the scoring leadership ant he third game, with 14 points in a 33–6 win over Germany. The USA team then went on to beat Belarus and Korea, but was challenged in the next game against Australia. The USA had a 15–7 lead, but Australia tied the game in regulation and went on to win in overtime. The final game was against Canada for the bronze medal. Canty was the scoring leader with 15 points, and the USA won 34–16 to secure the bronze medal finish.

## 2011 U18

Following the inaugural 3x3 event at the Youth Olympics, in 2011, FIBA held the first 3x3 U18 (Youth) World Championship For Women. The event was held in Rimini, Italy, September 9–11, 2011. The teams no longer had coaches, but did have USA Basketball representative as a team leader. Jamie Carey served as the team leader in 2011. The players selected for the team were:

The USA team won their first three games easily, reaching 21 points before the opposition reached double-digits. However, in the third game, against Guam, Reimer injured her right ankle and was unable to play in any further contests. With only four players, this meant the remaining three players had to play all minutes without a substitution. The next game was against Italy, and the USA team won, but by a much closer score than in previous contests, 16–13. The three-player team then took on and defeated Sweden and India. This qualified them for the medal rounds. In the quarterfinals against the Czech Republic, the game went to double-overtime, but the USA team emerged victorious with a 25–23 win.

The win sent the team to the semi-finals against Italy, a team the USA had defeated in a close match earlier. However, less than two minutes into the game, Greenwell suffered a knee injury. The game was delayed for 90 minutes, but Greenwell was unable to continue. The game was restarted, with the USA team fielding only two players against Italy's three players. Despite the handicap, the USA team took the game to overtime, but lost in the sudden death period. The team was scheduled to play against Japan for the bronze medal, but forfeited due to the injuries and finished in fourth place. A team can finish with two players, but must have three players to start a game. FIBA decided to award the team honorary bronze medals to recognize the effort.

## 2012 Open

The first FIBA 3x3 World Championship For Women was held in Athens, Greece, August 23–26, 2012. The original team chosen to represent the USA included:

However, Thomas was unable to compete, so she was replaced by Ann Strother Strother was in nursing school. but had participated in the 3x3 tournament on a different team. She had planned a vacation for the time period of the world tournament, so was able to accept the request to play as a replacement player.

The USA won their first five games easily to advance to the knockout round. They then defeated Estonia to move into the quarterfinals with Hungary. They defeated Hungary easily and faced Australia in the semi-final. The Aussies gave them their toughest challenge to date, but the USA team held on to win 19–18. They faced France in the goal medal game and fell behind, but came back to win a close game 17–16 to win the first ever gold medal in the 3x3 open event.

## 2012 U18

After the first event, FIBA decided that the U18 event would be held on an annual basis. The second FIBA 3x3 U18 (Youth) World Championship For Women was held in Alcobendas, Spain, September 28–30, 2012. The team which qualified for the event had the following players:

Davis was the only player with prior experience in international competition. The games are intended to be played outdoors, but rain forced the games indoors for the first two days. The USA team won their first four games easily. In the second match of the second day, the USA faced China. Both DeShields and Davis fouled out, leaving McCall and Turner to play two on three. They took the game to overtime, but fell to China 13–12. Despite the loss, the team was still the number one seed for the medal rounds.

The USA faced Estonia in the quarterfinals, and won 21–15. This set up a semi-final game against Australia, which the USA team won 21–13. The gold medal game was against the host team, Spain. Although Spain scored first, the USA team took a lead and never relinquished it, winning the game 21–13 to win the first ever gold medal for the US in U18 3x3 event.

## 2013 U18

The third FIBA 3x3 U18 (Youth) World Championship For Women was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, September 26–29, 2013. The team which qualified for the event had the following players:

Turner was a repeat team member from the 2012 team. The USA team started strong, giving up only two points each to Guam and Puerto Rico, winning each game 21–2. The third game was against China, who proved a stronger opponent. China was hitting outside shots, worth two points, and late in the game the score was tied at 15 points each. Then Ogunbowale scored three points on a basket a foul shot and a basket to give the USA team the lead. She then passed to Turner inside to push the score to the final score 19–16. In their next game the USA team lost to Lithuania 11–9. The team bounced back with a win over Spain. In the first knock-out round, the USA team beat Thailand 21–14 to reach the quarterfinals. France was the opponent in the quarterfinals, and proved a tough competitor. The USA won by only two points, 17–15. That set up a semi-final match against Spain, which the USA team won 15–10. The gold medal game was against Estonia, who came into the game with the same record as the USA 7–1. The USA won 21–12 to win the gold medal.

## 2014 Open

The second FIBA 3x3 World Championship For Women was held in Moscow, Russia, June 5–8, 2015. The players for the USA team were:

The USA team started pool play strong, winning each of the first five games by at least a 10-point margin. Only Argentina and Spain were within ten points. The USA then defeated Uruguay 19–6 to earn a place in the medal rounds. France proved to be a tough opponent, but the USA team prevailed 12–9. In the semi-final game, USA faced Belgium and came away with the win, 18–14. The gold medal game was against the host team, Russia, and the USA won 15–8 to finish undefeated and take home the gold medal.

## 2014 U18

The U18 event in 2014 was held as part of the Youth Olympic Games held in Nanjing, China, August 16–28, 2014.

The players for the USA team were:

Samuelson turned an ankle prior to the event, so was unable to play in some games, and had limited minutes in others. This mean the remaining three player had to play without substitution in some matches. Despite that, the team started out well. The USA team started with a 21–3 win over Romania, followed by victories over Indonesia, Egypt, and Thailand. Samuelson was able to play in the game against Belgium hitting five of six field goal attempts.

On Thursday, August 21, a shoot-out contest was held. Samuelson placed third out of 158 contestants, winning a bronze medal.

After the individual events, the USA team continued to win. Samuelson was able to play, though with limited court time in some of the remaining games. The USA team beat Estonia in the quarterfinal 21–12, then Hungary in the semi-final 21–14. This set up the gold medal match against the undefeated Netherlands team, which the USA team won 19–10, to end the event with a perfect 9–0 record.

## 2015 U18

The U18 event in 2015 was held in Debrecen, Hungary, June 4–7, 2015.

The players for the USA team were:

Asia Durr played on the Defend team, which won 2015 USA Basketball 3×3 U18 National Tournament along with the right to represent the US at the World Championships, but she suffered a muscle injury, and had to withdraw. She was replaced by Erin Boley, a player on the Southern Starz team, and the winner of the qualifying tournament MVP award.

After winning their opening game against Switzerland in overtime, the USA team went on to win their next six games. They were undefeated entering the gold medal game against France. The USA team had a 12–9 lead halfway through the game, but France responded with a 9–3. The USA team tied the game twice, but France hit a free throw with 17 seconds left in the game to win 20–19, and earn the gold medal. The USA finished second, earning the silver medal.

## 2016 Open

The third FIBA 3x3 World Championship For Women was held in Guanzhou, China, June 5–8, 2015. Team USA won Group C and their quarterfinal game. They would lose in the semi-finals to the Czech Republic, but rebound to win the bronze medal. The roster for 2016 was:

## 2016 U18

The U18 event in 2016 was held in Astana, Kazakhstan, June 5–8, 2016.

The players for the USA team were:

In the opening game against the Netherlands, the USA team led early and held an 8–5 lead after four minutes. The Netherlands then began to hit baskets and outscored the USA 8–1 to take a four-point lead with under four minutes to go and continued on to the 21–13 win. The USA played later in the day against Poland and won 21–15. The USA then won their next four games which qualified them for the championship game against France, who led most of the way, with as much as a nine-point lead at one time. The USA cut the lead to six but France scored three more points to win the game 21–12. France won the gold medal while the USA earned a silver medal for the second year in a row.

## 2017 U18

The U18 event in 2017 was held in Chengdu, China from June 28 to July 2, 2017.

The players for the USA team were:

* Aquira DeCosta
* Destiny Littleton
* Christyn Williams
* Janelle Bailey

Team USA defeated the Czech Republic to win the gold medal.

## 2018 Open

The 2018 World Cup was held in Bocaue, Philippines from June 8–12, 2018. Team USA won Group C, but lost their quarterfinal game to Italy. They would finish in 5th place.

For this event, Team USA consists of four University of Oregon players who had won the 2018 US open women's championship that April:

## 2018 U18

The U18 event in 2018 was held as part of the Youth Olympic Games held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 7–17, 2018.

The players for the USA team were:

The team won every game in pool play to take a 4–0 record into the knock-out round. They beat the Netherlands in the quarterfinal game 18–14, then China in the semi-final 21–9. This set up the gold medal match against France, which the USA team won 18–4, to end the event with a perfect 9–0 record.

## InfoBox

United States
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FIBA ranking | 7 |
| FIBA zone | FIBA Americas |
| National federation | USA Basketball |
| Olympic Games | |
| Appearances | 2 |
| Medals | *Gold:* (2020)
*Bronze:* (2024) |
| World Cup | |
| Appearances | 6 |
| Medals | *Gold:* (2012, 2014, 2023)
*Bronze:* (2016) |
| Pan American Games | |
| Appearances | 2 |
| Medals | *Gold:* (2019, 2023) |
| AmeriCup | |
| Appearances | 3 |
| Medals | *Gold:* (2021, 2023)
*Bronze:* (2022) |
| Youth Olympic Games | |
| Appearances | 3 |
| Medals | *Gold:* (2014, 2018)
*Bronze:* (2010) |
| Medal record      Olympic Games  2020 Tokyo Team  2024 Paris Team  World Cup  2012 Greece Team  2014 Russia Team  2023 Vienna Team  2016 China Team  Pan American Games  2019 Lima  Team  2023 Santiago  Team  AmeriCup  2021 Miami  Team  2023 San Juan  Team  2022 Miami  Team | |


title: Franz Six

abstract: Franz Alfred Six was a Nazi official, promoter of the Holocaust and convicted war criminal. He was appointed by Reinhard Heydrich to head department Amt VII, Written Records of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). In 1940, he was appointed to direct state police operations in an occupied United Kingdom following invasion. In the post-war period, he worked as a public relations executive and a management consultant.

text:
# Franz Six

**Franz Alfred Six** (12 August 1909  9 July 1975) was a Nazi official, promoter of the Holocaust and convicted war criminal. He was appointed by Reinhard Heydrich to head department Amt VII, Written Records of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). In 1940, he was appointed to direct state police operations in an occupied United Kingdom following invasion. In the post-war period, he worked as a public relations executive and a management consultant.

## Academic career

Franz Six completed his classical high school in 1930, and proceeded to the University of Heidelberg to study journalism, sociology and politics. His late graduation was due to the fact he had to drop out of school from time to time to earn the money needed to graduate. He graduated with a degree of doctor in philosophy in 1934. In 1936, Six earned the high degree of doctor, and became a professor of journalism at the University of Königsberg where he also took up the position of press director for the German Student's Association. By 1939, he had become chair for Foreign Political Science at the University of Berlin and was its first dean of the faculty for foreign countries.

## Nazi official

In 1930, Six joined the Nazi Party as member number 245,670. In 1932 he became a member and student organizer for the *Sturmabteilung* — or SA (Storm Troopers). In 1935 Six joined the SS (membership number 107,480) as an officer of the *Sicherheitsdienst*— the SD, the intelligence agency of both the SS and Nazi Party. Impressed by his academic achievements and curriculum vitae, Reinhard Heydrich appointed Six head of Amt VII, Written Records of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), which dealt mainly with ideological issues and publications. Six's responsibilities included the creation of antisemitic, anti-Masonic propaganda, the sounding of public opinion, and the monitoring of Nazi indoctrination of the public. He held this post until 1943 when he was succeeded by Paul Dittel.

On 17 September 1940, the same day on which Hitler indefinitely postponed the idea of an invasion of Great Britain, Heydrich charged Six to form death squads to eliminate anti-Nazi elements in Britain following a successful invasion by the Wehrmacht. Six was slated to become the SD-Commander in the country, with his headquarters to be located in London, and with regional task forces in Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, and Edinburgh. His immediate mission would have been to hunt down and arrest some 2,820 people listed in the *Sonderfahndungsliste G.B.* ("Special Search List Great Britain"). This document, which post-war became known as "The Black Book", was a secret list previously compiled by Walter Schellenberg, Chief of RSHA Amt VI, *Ausland-SD*, that made up the foreign intelligence branch of the SD. The list contained the names of prominent British residents to be arrested immediately after a successful invasion. The list included British politicians and celebrities, such as Winston Churchill and other members of the Cabinet, Noel Coward, Sigmund Freud (even though he had died in September 1939), the philosopher Bertrand Russell, members of exiled governments, financiers such as Bernard Baruch, and many others deemed anti-Nazi. A separate list named organizations which would have to be dismantled as well, namely the Freemasons, the Jehovah's Witnesses and even the Boy Scouts. Six would also have been responsible for handling the population of 300,000 British Jews.

## Einsatzgruppen

After Hitler gave up on his attempts to invade Great Britain and Six's planned role never being realized, Six was on 20 June 1941 assigned as chief of *Vorkommando Moskau*, a unit of *Einsatzgruppe B* in the Soviet Union. During this command, Six's Kommando reported "liquidating" 144 persons. The report claimed "The Vorkommando Moscow was forced to execute another 46 persons, amongst them 38 intellectual Jews who had tried to create unrest and discontent in the newly established Ghetto of Smolensk." He was promoted by Heinrich Himmler on 9 November 1941 to SS-*Oberführer* for exceptional service in the *Einsatz*. On 31 January 1945, he was again promoted to SS-*Brigadeführer*.

After the war, Six was tried as a war criminal in the *Einsatzgruppen Trial* at Nuremberg in 1948. During his trial, he admitted that the executions of women and children was wrong, but the killing of male Jews was justified, since they could bear arms.

Unable to link him directly to any atrocities committed by Vorkommando Moskau, the court instead found Six guilty on all counts for forming the organization, then sentenced him to 20 years' imprisonment. A clemency court commuted this sentence to 10 years, and he was released in October 1952. He served about 7.5 years from his arrest to his release. CIA files suggest Six joined the Gehlen Organization, the forerunner to the *Bundesnachrichtendienst*, in the 1950s. Six was also a member of the Naumann Circle, which aimed to infiltrate the Free Democratic Party and eventually restore Nazism in Germany.

## Later years

Franz Six retired to Friedrichshafen in southern Germany. He worked as a publicity/advertising executive for Porsche.

Six was called as one of four witnesses by defense attorney Robert Servatius in the 1961 trial in Israel of Adolf Eichmann, and gave his testimony by deposition in West Germany. Servatius had wanted to have Six appear in person, but Prosecutor Gideon Hausner stated that the former Nazi general would be subject to arrest as a war criminal. Six's testimony was introduced in Eichmann's defense, but proved to be of more help to the prosecution.

Franz Six died in 1975.

## InfoBox

| Franz Six | |
| --- | --- |
| 1940/1941 | |
| Born | (1909-08-12)12 August 1909
Mannheim, German Empire |
| Died | 9 July 1975(1975-07-09) (aged 65)
Bolzano, Italy |
| Criminal status | Deceased |
|  | |
| Motive | Nazism |
| Conviction(s) | Crimes against humanity
War crimes
Membership in a criminal organization |
| Trial | Einsatzgruppen trial |
| Criminal penalty | 20 years imprisonment; commuted to 10 years imprisonment |
| Details | |
| Victims | 144+ (as an accomplice) |
| Span of crimes | 20 June 1941  20 August 1941 |
| Country | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
|  | |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | *Allgemeine SS* |
| Years of service | 1930–1945 |
| Rank | SS-*Brigadeführer* |
| Unit | *Einsatzgruppe B* |
| Commands | SS Division Das Reich
*Vorkommando Moskau* |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
|  | |


title: Isaryō Station

abstract: Isaryō Station is a railway station in the town of Oguni, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Isaryō Station

**Isaryō Station** (伊佐領駅, *Isaryō-eki*) is a railway station in the town of Oguni, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Isaryō Station is served by the Yonesaka Line, and is located 50.0 kilometers (31.1 mi) (rail) from the terminus of the line at Yonezawa Station.

## Station layout

The station has one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## History

Isaryō Station opened on October 30, 1935. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987. The current station building dates from December 1993.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Isaryō Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Isaryō Station
伊佐領駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Isaryō Station in August 2004 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Isaryō, Oguni-machi, Nishiokitama-gun, Yamagata-ken 999-1322
Japan |
| Coordinates | 38°3′3.77″N 139°49′22.02″E / 38.0510472°N 139.8227833°E / 38.0510472; 139.8227833 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Yonesaka Line |
| Distance | 50.0 km from Yonezawa |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | October 30, 1935 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  Uzen-Matsuokatowards Sakamachi  Yonesaka Line  Uzen-Numazawatowards Yonezawa | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Isaryō StationLocation within Yamagata PrefectureIsaryō StationIsaryō Station (Japan) | |


title: Toorongo, Victoria

abstract: Toorongo is a locality in Victoria, Australia, located within the Shires of Baw Baw and Yarra Ranges local government areas. Toorongo recorded no population at the 2021 census.

text:
# Toorongo, Victoria

**Toorongo** is a locality in Victoria, Australia, located within the Shires of Baw Baw and Yarra Ranges local government areas. Toorongo recorded no population at the 2021 census.

## History

Toorongo Valley Post Office opened on 14 September 1914 and closed the next year. A Toorongo Falls Telegraph Office remained open until 1942.

## InfoBox

| Toorongo<br>Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| Toorongo | |
| Coordinates | 37°47′S 146°07′E / 37.783°S 146.117°E / -37.783; 146.117 |
| Population | 0 (2021 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 3833 |
| LGA(s) |  |
| County | Buln Buln |
| State electorate(s) |  |
| Federal division(s) | Monash |


title: Game Preservation Society

abstract: The Game Preservation Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of Japanese video games on PC and other devices. In 2021, the Game Preservation Society launched a fundraising effort to purchase as many i-mode mobile games as possible. They were successfully able to download games from publishers such as Sega and G-mode before store fronts closed on November 30th.

text:
# Game Preservation Society

The **Game Preservation Society** is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of Japanese video games on PC and other devices.

In 2021, the Game Preservation Society launched a fundraising effort to purchase as many i-mode mobile games as possible. They were successfully able to download games from publishers such as Sega and G-mode before store fronts closed on November 30th.

* Datiche, Nicolas (July 17, 2014). "Au Japon, avec les conservateurs de jeux vidéo". *Le Monde* (in French).
* Fenlon, Wes (October 29, 2019). "The race to save Japan's incredible '80s PC gaming history before it's gone". *PC Gamer*.
* Fenlon, Wes (November 8, 2019). "In Japan's '80s PC magazines, games were included as sound on cheap vinyl 'albums'". *PC Gamer*.
* Kohler, Chris (December 28, 2017). "Saving Japan's Games". *Kotaku*. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
* Kracker, David (September 16, 2015). "Play it again: One fan's quest to save old video games". *The Japan Times*. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
* Davison, Pete (November 24, 2021). "Game Preservation Society races to save the i-mode library of mobile games". *Rice Digital*. Retrieved October 8, 2024.


title: Mercer's tusked silverside

abstract: Mercer's tusked silverside is a species of fish. This species is the only member of the family Dentatherinidae. Mercer's tusked silverside originates from the west-central Pacific. It is found from the Philippines to north-eastern Australia and from Moluccas to the Trobriand Islands. It is found close in shore around islands and over coral reefs. Except for larval biology, little is known about this species. It may be taken as food by some commercially important species. Dentatherina was originally classified in the Atherinidae. In 1984, L. R. Parenti considered it and the other phallostethids to be sister taxa. However, ranking these two groups as two families within the same superfamily or two subfamilies within Phallostethidae is a subjective decision. The distinctiveness of Dentatherina could be used in favor of separate family recognition. Fish Base considers this species to belong to its own family.

text:
# Mercer's tusked silverside

**Mercer's tusked silverside** (*Dentatherina merceri*) is a species of fish. This species is the only member of the family **Dentatherinidae**.

Mercer's tusked silverside originates from the west-central Pacific. It is found from the Philippines to north-eastern Australia and from Moluccas to the Trobriand Islands. It is found close in shore around islands and over coral reefs. Except for larval biology, little is known about this species. It may be taken as food by some commercially important species.

*Dentatherina* was originally classified in the Atherinidae. In 1984, L. R. Parenti considered it and the other phallostethids to be sister taxa. However, ranking these two groups (Phallostethidae and Dentatherinidae) as two families within the same superfamily or two subfamilies (Dentatherininae and Phallostethinae) within Phallostethidae is a subjective decision. The distinctiveness of *Dentatherina* could be used in favor of separate family recognition. Fish Base considers this species to belong to its own family.

1. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Dentatherina merceri*". *FishBase*. April 2011 version.
2. Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). *Fishes of the World*. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.

## InfoBox

| Mercer's tusked silverside | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Atheriniformes |
| Suborder: | Atherinoidei |
| Family: | Dentatherinidae
Patten & Ivantsoff, 1983 |
| Genus: | *Dentatherina*
Patten & Ivantsoff, 1983 |
| Species: | ***D. merceri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dentatherina merceri***
Patten & Ivantsoff, 1983 | |
|