title: European Team Chess Championship

abstract: The European Team Championship is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of European nations whose chess federations are located in zones 1.1 to 1.9. This more or less accords with the wider definition of Europe used in other events such as the Eurovision Song Contest and includes Israel, Russia and the former Soviet States. The competition is run under the auspices of the European Chess Union (ECU).

text:
# European Team Chess Championship

The **European Team Championship** (often abbreviated in texts and games databases as ***ETC***) is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of European nations whose chess federations are located in zones 1.1 to 1.9. This more or less accords with the wider definition of Europe used in other events such as the Eurovision Song Contest and includes Israel, Russia and the former Soviet States. The competition is run under the auspices of the European Chess Union (ECU).

## Championship history

The idea was conceived in the early 1950s, when chess organisers became aware of the need for another international team event. Consequently, a men-only Championship was devised and held every four years, with the intention of filling in the gaps between Olympiads. More recently, the Championship has grown in importance and popularity and is regarded as a prestigious tournament in its own right, providing for male and female participants.

The first Championship Final was held in Vienna and Baden bei Wien in 1957 (August 22–28). It was a double round robin and notable for the surprise victory of the Yugoslav team over the mighty Soviet team in their second encounter.

For the next twenty years, Championships occurred at four-year intervals, although the Kapfenberg event was delayed by a year. Since 1977, successive tournaments have mainly been held on a three and then a two-year cycle. A Women's Championship, following the same cycle and venues as the men's, was established at Debrecen in 1992.

## Championship format

Over the early years, the formula altered incrementally, to allow the participation of a growing number of teams. At the inaugural event, only four places were made available for the Finals and some teams expected to do well, simply failed to qualify from the preliminary rounds. By 1973, the competition had expanded to roughly double the size and there were twenty-four nations in the preliminaries, competing for eight places in the Finals, held in Bath. Conversely, over the same period, the number of boards played in a match was reduced from ten to eight, presumably to reduce costs for organisers and participatory federations.

Into the new millennium, the format has changed radically and is now based on a Swiss system in nine rounds, on the model of the Olympiad, with one section for the men's teams and one section for the women's teams, considered as separate competitions. At Gothenburg in 2005, the men's competition comprised 40 teams (including Sweden B and Sweden C) and the women's competition, 26 teams (including Sweden B). Each round was contested over four boards and squads included a reserve.

Historically, teams played for the pleasure of winning the Europa Cup, but nowadays this has been overshadowed by the popular medal-winning format of the 'Olympics' and Chess Olympiad. Gold, silver and bronze medals are awarded to the top three teams and also as board prizes for outstanding individual performances.

Plovdiv 2003 heralded a major change in the scoring methodology. Both the men's and women's events were, for the first time, scored by total of match points, rather than game points as had previously been the case. Game points are still recorded for purposes of tie-breaking.

## Summary of results

### Open section

| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1957** | **Vienna** | **Soviet Union**
Paul Keres
David Bronstein
Mikhail Tal
Boris Spassky
Tigran Petrosian
Vasily Smyslov
Mark Taimanov
Viktor Korchnoi
Alexander Tolush
Isaac Boleslavsky
Yuri Averbakh
Lev Aronin | **Yugoslavia**
Svetozar Gligorić
Aleksandar Matanović
Borislav Ivkov
Petar Trifunović
Andrija Fuderer
Nikola Karaklajić
Srećko Nedeljković
Borislav Milić
Mario Bertok
Braslav Rabar
Božidar Đurašević
Tomislav Rakić | **Czechoslovakia**
Miroslav Filip
Luděk Pachman
Ladislav Alster
František Zíta
Július Kozma
Ján Šefc
Jiří Fichtl
František Pithart
Josef Rejfíř
Jaroslav Ježek
František Blatný
Maximilian Ujtelky |
| **1961** | **Oberhausen** | **Soviet Union**
Mikhail Botvinnik
Mikhail Tal
Paul Keres
Tigran Petrosian
Vasily Smyslov
Viktor Korchnoi
Efim Geller
Mark Taimanov
Lev Polugaevsky
Semyon Furman
Alexander Tolush
Vladimir Bagirov | **Yugoslavia**
Svetozar Gligorić
Petar Trifunović
Aleksandar Matanović
Mario Bertok
Milan Matulović
Mijo Udovčić
Dragoljub Čirić
Borislav Milić
Srećko Nedeljković
Dragoljub Minić
Dražen Marović
Božidar Đurašević | **Hungary**
László Szabó
Lajos Portisch
Gedeon Barcza
István Bilek
Tibor Florian
Karoly Honfi
Ervin Haág
József Pogáts
Győző Forintos
Levente Lengyel
József Szily
László Navarovszky |
| **1965** | **Hamburg** | **Soviet Union**
Tigran Petrosian
Mikhail Botvinnik
Viktor Korchnoi
Vasily Smyslov
David Bronstein
Leonid Stein
Mark Taimanov
Yuri Averbakh
Nikolai Krogius
Isaac Boleslavsky
Anatoly Lein
Anatoly Lutikov | **Yugoslavia**
Borislav Ivkov
Svetozar Gligorić
Aleksandar Matanović
Milan Matulović
Bruno Parma
Petar Trifunović
Mato Damjanović
Mijo Udovčić
Dragoljub Čirić
Dragoljub Minić
Dražen Marović
Ivan Buljovčić | **Hungary**
Lajos Portisch
László Szabó
István Bilek
Levente Lengyel
Gedeon Barcza
Győző Forintos
Karoly Honfi
Péter Dely
János Flesch
Gyula Kluger
József Pogáts
László Navarovszky |
| **1970** | **Kapfenberg** | **Soviet Union**
Tigran Petrosian
Viktor Korchnoi
Lev Polugaevsky
Efim Geller
Vasily Smyslov
Mark Taimanov
Mikhail Tal
Paul Keres
Leonid Stein
Ratmir Kholmov
Yuri Balashov
Aivars Gipslis | **Hungary**
Lajos Portisch
Levente Lengyel
László Szabó
Gedeon Barcza
László Bárczay
István Bilek
Péter Dely
István Csom
Győző Forintos
Karoly Honfi
András Adorján
Ervin Haág | **East Germany**
Wolfgang Uhlmann
Burkhard Malich
Reinhart Fuchs
Artur Hennings
Heinz Liebert
Lothar Zinn
Friedrich Baumbach
Lutz Espig
Werner Golz
Lothar Vogt
Manfred Schöneberg
Detlef Neukirch |
| **1973** | **Bath** | **Soviet Union**
Boris Spassky
Tigran Petrosian
Viktor Korchnoi
Anatoly Karpov
Mikhail Tal
Vasily Smyslov
Efim Geller
Gennady Kuzmin
Vladimir Tukmakov
Yuri Balashov | **Yugoslavia**
Svetozar Gligorić
Borislav Ivkov
Ljubomir Ljubojević
Aleksandar Matanović
Bruno Parma
Albin Planinc
Dragoljub Velimirović
Milan Matulović
Enver Bukić
Dragoljub Minić | **Hungary**
Lajos Portisch
László Szabó
István Bilek
Zoltán Ribli
István Csom
Győző Forintos
András Adorján
Gyula Sax
Karoly Honfi
János Tompa |
| **1977** | **Moscow** | **Soviet Union**
Anatoly Karpov
Tigran Petrosian
Lev Polugaevsky
Mikhail Tal
Yuri Balashov
Efim Geller
Oleg Romanishin
Vitaly Tseshkovsky
Iosif Dorfman
Evgeny Sveshnikov | **Hungary**
Lajos Portisch
Zoltán Ribli
Gyula Sax
István Csom
András Adorján
Iván Faragó
László Vadász
László Bárczay
Péter Lukács
László Hazai | **Yugoslavia**
Ljubomir Ljubojević
Svetozar Gligorić
Aleksandar Matanović
Dragoljub Velimirović
Bruno Parma
Borislav Ivkov
Enver Bukić
Krunoslav Hulak
Milorad Knežević
Srđan Marangunić |
| **1980** | **Skara** | **Soviet Union**
Anatoly Karpov
Mikhail Tal
Tigran Petrosian
Lev Polugaevsky
Efim Geller
Yuri Balashov
Oleg Romanishin
Rafael Vaganian
Artur Yusupov
Garry Kasparov | **Hungary**
Lajos Portisch
Zoltán Ribli
András Adorján
Gyula Sax
István Csom
Iván Faragó
László Vadász
József Pintér
Péter Lukács
László Hazai | **England**
Tony Miles
Michael Stean
John Nunn
Jonathan Speelman
Raymond Keene
William Hartston
Jonathan Mestel
Robert Bellin
John Littlewood
Simon Webb |
| **1983** | **Plovdiv** | **Soviet Union**
Anatoly Karpov
Lev Polugaevsky
Tigran Petrosian
Rafael Vaganian
Alexander Beliavsky
Vladimir Tukmakov
Lev Psakhis
Oleg Romanishin
Artur Yusupov
Efim Geller | **Yugoslavia**
Ljubomir Ljubojević
Svetozar Gligorić
Predrag Nikolić
Vlatko Kovačević
Bojan Kurajica
Krunoslav Hulak
Dušan Rajković
Božidar Ivanović
Stefan Đurić
Mišo Cebalo | **Hungary**
Lajos Portisch
Zoltán Ribli
Gyula Sax
József Pintér
András Adorján
István Csom
Iván Faragó
Attila Grószpéter
Attila Schneider
Tamás Horváth |
| **1989** | **Haifa** | **Soviet Union**
Valery Salov
Alexander Beliavsky
Rafael Vaganian
Mikhail Gurevich
Boris Gelfand
Lev Polugaevsky
Viacheslav Eingorn
Vladimir Tukmakov | **Yugoslavia**
Ivan Sokolov
Krunoslav Hulak
Bogdan Lalić
Miodrag Todorcevic
Vlatko Kovačević
Dragan Barlov
Ognjen Cvitan
Stefan Đurić | **West Germany**
Robert Hübner
Vlastimil Hort
Eric Lobron
Stefan Kindermann
Matthias Wahls
Jörg Hickl
Klaus Bischoff
Stefan Mohr |
| **1992** | **Debrecen** | **Russia**
Garry Kasparov
Evgeny Bareev
Vladimir Kramnik
Alexey Dreev
Alexey Vyzmanavin | **Ukraine**
Vassily Ivanchuk
Alexander Beliavsky
Oleg Romanishin
Viacheslav Eingorn
Igor Novikov | **England**
Nigel Short
Jonathan Speelman
Michael Adams
John Nunn
Tony Miles |
| **1997** | **Pula** | **England**
Nigel Short
Michael Adams
Jonathan Speelman
Matthew Sadler
Julian Hodgson | **Russia**
Evgeny Bareev
Peter Svidler
Vadim Zvjaginsev
Igor Glek
Yuri Yakovich | **Armenia**
Vladimir Akopian
Rafael Vaganian
Smbat Lputian
Artashes Minasian
Ashot Anastasian |
| **1999** | **Batumi** | **Armenia**
Smbat Lputian
Artashes Minasian
Ashot Anastasian
Levon Aronian
Arshak Petrosian | **Hungary**
Peter Leko
Judit Polgár
Zoltán Almási
Alexander Chernin
József Pintér | **Germany**
Artur Yusupov
Robert Hübner
Rustem Dautov
Christopher Lutz
Christian Gabriel |
| **2001** | **León** | **Netherlands**
Loek van Wely
Jeroen Piket
Sergei Tiviakov
Erik van den Doel
Friso Nijboer | **France**
Étienne Bacrot
Joël Lautier
Christian Bauer
Jean-Marc Degraeve
Laurent Fressinet | **Germany**
Christopher Lutz
Robert Hübner
Gerald Hertneck
Klaus Bischoff
Rainer Buhmann |
| **2003** | **Plovdiv** | **Russia**
Peter Svidler
Evgeny Bareev
Alexander Grischuk
Alexander Morozevich
Alexander Khalifman | **Israel**
Boris Gelfand
Ilya Smirin
Emil Sutovsky
Boris Avrukh
Michael Roiz | **Georgia**
Zurab Azmaiparashvili
Baadur Jobava
Mikheil Mchedlishvili
Giorgi Kacheishvili
Merab Gagunashvili |
| **2005** | **Gothenburg** | **Netherlands**
Loek van Wely
Ivan Sokolov
Sergei Tiviakov
Jan Timman
Erik van den Doel | **Israel**
Boris Gelfand
Emil Sutovsky
Ilya Smirin
Boris Avrukh
Sergey Erenburg | **France**
Étienne Bacrot
Joël Lautier
Iosif Dorfman
Laurent Fressinet
Christian Bauer |
| **2007** | **Crete** | **Russia**
Peter Svidler
Alexander Morozevich
Alexander Grischuk
Evgeny Alekseev
Dmitry Jakovenko | **Armenia**
Levon Aronian
Vladimir Akopian
Gabriel Sargissian
Karen Asrian
Smbat Lputian | **Azerbaijan**
Teimour Radjabov
Vugar Gashimov
Qadir Huseynov
Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
Rauf Mamedov |
| **2009** | **Novi Sad** | **Azerbaijan**
Teimour Radjabov
Vugar Gashimov
Qadir Huseynov
Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
Rauf Mamedov | **Russia**
Peter Svidler
Alexander Morozevich
Dmitry Jakovenko
Evgeny Alekseev
Evgeny Tomashevsky | **Ukraine**
Pavel Eljanov
Andrei Volokitin
Zahar Efimenko
Yuri Drozdovskij
Yuriy Kryvoruchko |
| **2011** | **Porto Carras** | **Germany**
Arkadij Naiditsch
Georg Meier
Daniel Fridman
Jan Gustafsson
Rainer Buhmann | **Azerbaijan**
Teimour Radjabov
Vugar Gashimov
Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
Qadir Huseynov
Eltaj Safarli | **Hungary**
Peter Leko
Zoltán Almási
Ferenc Berkes
Csaba Balogh
Zoltan Gyimesi
 |
| **2013** | **Warsaw** | **Azerbaijan**
Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
Teimour Radjabov
Eltaj Safarli
Rauf Mamedov
Qadir Huseynov | **France**
Étienne Bacrot
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave
Romain Édouard
Vladislav Tkachiev
Hichem Hamdouchi | **Russia**
Alexander Grischuk
Peter Svidler
Dmitry Andreikin
Alexander Morozevich
Evgeny Tomashevsky |
| **2015** | **Reykjavík** | **Russia**
Peter Svidler
Alexander Grischuk
Evgeny Tomashevsky
Ian Nepomniachtchi
Dmitry Jakovenko | **Armenia**
Levon Aronian
Gabriel Sargissian
Sergei Movsesian
Hrant Melkumyan
Karen H. Grigoryan | **Hungary**
Peter Leko
Richárd Rapport
Zoltán Almási
Ferenc Berkes
Csaba Balogh |
| **2017** | **Crete** | **Azerbaijan**
Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
Teimour Radjabov
Arkadij Naiditsch
Rauf Mamedov
Gadir Guseinov | **Russia**
Alexander Grischuk
Ian Nepomniachtchi
Nikita Vitiugov
Maxim Matlakov
Daniil Dubov | **Ukraine**
Pavel Eljanov
Yuriy Kryvoruchko
Ruslan Ponomariov
Yuriy Kuzubov
Martyn Kravtsiv |
| **2019** | **Batumi** | **Russia**
Dmitry Andreikin
Nikita Vitiugov
Kirill Alekseenko
Maxim Matlakov
Daniil Dubov | **Ukraine**
Vassily Ivanchuk
Yuriy Kuzubov
Andrei Volokitin
Alexander Moiseenko
Vladimir Onischuk | **England**
Michael Adams
Luke McShane
David Howell
Gawain Jones
Nicholas Pert |
| **2021** | **Čatež ob Savi** | **Ukraine**
Anton Korobov
Andrei Volokitin
Yuriy Kuzubov
Kirill Shevchenko
Volodymyr Onyshchuk | **France**
Alireza Firouzja
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave
Étienne Bacrot
Maxime Lagarde
Jules Moussard | **Poland**
Jan-Krzysztof Duda
Radosław Wojtaszek
Kacper Piorun
Wojciech Moranda
Paweł Teclaf |
| **2023** | **Budva** | **Serbia**
Alexandr Predke
Alexey Sarana
Aleksandar Inđić
Robert Markuš
Velimir Ivić | **Germany**
Vincent Keymer
Rasmus Svane
Matthias Blübaum
Alexander Donchenko
Dmitrij Kollars | **Armenia**
Haik M. Martirosyan
Gabriel Sargissian
Hrant Melkumyan
Shant Sargsyan
Samvel Ter-Sahakyan |

### Women section

| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1992** | **Debrecen**
 | **Ukraine**
Alisa Galliamova
Marta Litinskaya
Irina Chelushkina
 | **Georgia**
Ketevan Arakhamia
Nino Gurieli
Ketino Kachiani | **Azerbaijan**
Firuza Velikhanli
Ilaha Kadimova
 |
| **1997** | **Pula**
 | **Georgia**
Maia Chiburdanidze
Nana Ioseliani
Ketevan Arakhamia | **Romania**
Corina Peptan
Cristina Foișor
Elena Cosma | **England**
Susan Lalic
Harriet Hunt
Ruth Sheldon |
| **1999** | **Batumi**
 | **Slovakia**
Zuzana Hagarova
Regina Pokorná
Alena Bekiarisova | **FR Yugoslavia**
Alisa Marić
Nataša Bojković
Maria Manakova | **Romania**
Corina Peptan
Szidonia Vajda
Elena Cosma |
| **2001** | **León**
 | **France**
Maria Nepeina-Leconte
Marie Sebag
Roza Lallemand | **Moldova**
Almira Skripchenko
Svetlana Petrenko | **England**
Harriet Hunt
Jovanka Houska
Susan Lalic |
| **2003** | **Plovdiv**
 | **Armenia**
Elina Danielian
Lilit Mkrtchian
Nelly Aginian | **Hungary**
Yelena Dembo
Szidonia Vajda
Anita Gara | **Russia**
Alisa Galliamova
Svetlana Matveeva
Alexandra Kosteniuk |
| **2005** | **Gothenburg**
 | **Poland**
Iweta Rajlich
Monika Soćko
Jolanta Zawadzka
Joanna Dworakowska
Marta Zielinska | **Georgia**
Maia Chiburdanidze
Nino Khurtsidze
Maia Lomineishvili
Nana Dzagnidze
Ketevan Arakhamia | **Russia**
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Nadezhda Kosintseva
Ekaterina Kovalevskaya
Tatiana Kosintseva
Alisa Galliamova |
| **2007** | **Crete**
 | **Russia**
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Tatiana Kosintseva
Nadezhda Kosintseva
Ekaterina Kovalevskaya
Ekaterina Korbut | **Poland**
Monika Soćko
Iweta Rajlich
Jolanta Zawadzka
Joanna Dworakowska
Marta Przezdziecka | **Armenia**
Elina Danielian
Lilit Mkrtchian
Nelly Aginian
Siranush Andriasian
Liana Aghabekian |
| **2009** | **Novi Sad**
 | **Russia**
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Tatiana Kosintseva
Nadezhda Kosintseva
Marina Romanko
Valentina Gunina | **Georgia**
Nana Dzagnidze
Lela Javakhishvili
Sopiko Khukhashvili
Nino Khurtsidze
Bela Khotenashvili | **Ukraine**
Kateryna Lahno
Natalia Zhukova
Anna Ushenina
Inna Gaponenko
Natalia Zdebskaya |
| **2011** | **Porto Carras**
 | **Russia**
Nadezhda Kosintseva
Tatiana Kosintseva
Valentina Gunina
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Natalia Pogonina
 | **Poland**
Monika Soćko
Jolanta Zawadzka
Joanna Majdan-Gajewska
Karina Szczepkowska-Horowska
Katarzyna Toma
 | **Georgia**
Nana Dzagnidze
Lela Javakhishvili
Nazí Paikidze
Nino Khurtsidze
Salome Melia
 |
| **2013** | **Warsaw**
 | **Ukraine**
Kateryna Lahno
Anna Ushenina
Mariya Muzychuk
Natalia Zhukova
Inna Gaponenko
 | **Russia**
Valentina Gunina
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Natalia Pogonina
Olga Girya
Aleksandra Goryachkina
 | **Poland**
Monika Soćko
Jolanta Zawadzka
Joanna Majdan-Gajewska
Iweta Rajlich
Karina Szczepkowska-Horowska
 |
| **2015** | **Reykjavík** | **Russia**
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Kateryna Lagno
Valentina Gunina
Aleksandra Goryachkina
Anastasia Bodnaruk
 | **Ukraine**
Mariya Muzychuk
Anna Muzychuk
Natalia Zhukova
Anna Ushenina
Inna Gaponenko
 | **Georgia**
Nana Dzagnidze
Bela Khotenashvili
Lela Javakhishvili
Nino Batsiashvili
Meri Arabidze
 |
| **2017** | **Crete** | **Russia**
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Kateryna Lagno
Valentina Gunina
Olga Girya
Aleksandra Goryachkina
 | **Georgia**
Nana Dzagnidze
Nino Batsiashvili
Bela Khotenashvili
Lela Javakhishvili
Salome Melia
 | **Ukraine**
Anna Muzychuk
Natalia Zhukova
Anna Ushenina
Inna Gaponenko
Iulija Osmak
 |
| **2019** | **Batumi** | **Russia**
Aleksandra Goryachkina
Kateryna Lagno
Olga Girya
Valentina Gunina
Alina Kashlinskaya
 | **Georgia**
Nana Dzagnidze
Lela Javakhishvili
Bela Khotenashvili
Meri Arabidze
Salome Melia
 | **Azerbaijan**
Gunay Mammadzada
Khanim Balajayeva
Ulviyya Fataliyeva
Gulnar Mammadova
Turkan Mamedyarova
 |
| **2021** | **Čatež ob Savi** | **Russia**
Aleksandra Goryachkina
Kateryna Lagno
Valentina Gunina
Polina Shuvalova
Alina Kashlinskaya
 | **Georgia**
Nana Dzagnidze
Lela Javakhishvili
Meri Arabidze
Salome Melia
Sopio Gvetadze
 | **Azerbaijan**
Gunay Mammadzada
Gulnar Mammadova
Khanim Balajayeva
Ulviyya Fataliyeva
Govhar Beydullayeva
 |
| **2023** | **Budva** | **Bulgaria**
Antoaneta Stefanova
Nurgyul Salimova
Viktoria Radeva
Gergana Peycheva
Beloslava Krasteva
 | **Azerbaijan**
Gunay Mammadzada
Ulviyya Fataliyeva
Govhar Beydullayeva
Khanim Balajayeva
Gulnar Mammadova
 | **France**
Deimantė Daulyte-Cornette
Sophie Milliet
Mitra Hejazipour
Pauline Guichard
Anastasia Savina
 |
|

## Total team ranking

### Open section

The table contains the men's teams ranked by the medals won at the European Team Championship.

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | *Soviet Union* | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| 2 | Russia | 5 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
| 3 | Azerbaijan | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | Netherlands | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Armenia | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| | Ukraine | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 7 | Germany | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 8 | England | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 9 | Serbia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | *Yugoslavia* | 0 | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 11 | Hungary | 0 | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 12 | France | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 13 | Israel | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 14 | *Czechoslovakia* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | *East Germany* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Georgia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Poland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (17 entries) | | 24 | 24 | 24 | 72 |

### Women section

The table contains the women's teams ranked by the medals won at the European Team Championship.

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Russia | 7 | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| 2 | Ukraine | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Georgia | 1 | 6 | 2 | 9 |
| 4 | Poland | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Armenia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| | France | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Bulgaria | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Slovakia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | Azerbaijan | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | Romania | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 11 | Hungary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Moldova | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | *Serbia and Montenegro* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14 | England | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (14 entries) | | 15 | 15 | 15 | 45 |


title: That Way with Women

abstract: That Way with Women is a 1947 American comedy film directed by Frederick de Cordova, written by Leo Townsend and Francis Swann, and starring Dane Clark, Martha Vickers, Sydney Greenstreet, Alan Hale, Sr., Craig Stevens and Barbara Brown. It was released by Warner Bros. on March 29, 1947. The screenplay was adapted from the Saturday Evening Post story "Idle Hands", which was previously the basis for the films The Ruling Passion (1922) and The Millionaire (1931), both of which starred George Arliss in the role assumed by Greenstreet.

text:
# That Way with Women

***That Way with Women*** is a 1947 American comedy film directed by Frederick de Cordova, written by Leo Townsend and Francis Swann, and starring Dane Clark, Martha Vickers, Sydney Greenstreet, Alan Hale, Sr., Craig Stevens and Barbara Brown. It was released by Warner Bros. on March 29, 1947.

The screenplay was adapted from the *Saturday Evening Post* story "Idle Hands", which was previously the basis for the films *The Ruling Passion* (1922) and *The Millionaire* (1931), both of which starred George Arliss in the role assumed by Greenstreet.

## Plot

James P. Alden, an automobile tycoon who's being pushed to retire, assumes the identity of family gardener Herman Brinker and, hoping to prove he's still vital, buys a corner gas station with Greg Wilson, who doesn't know his true identity. This complicates matter when he falls for Alden's daughter Marcia. Along the way, the two men also grapple with shakedown artists and numerous false arrests due to mistaken identity.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| That Way with Women | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Frederick de Cordova |
| Screenplay by | Leo Townsend
Francis Swann |
| Based on | *Idle Hands*
1921 story in *The Saturday Evening Post*
by Earl Derr Biggers |
| Produced by | Charles Hoffman |
| Starring | Dane Clark
Martha Vickers
Sydney Greenstreet
Alan Hale, Sr.
Craig Stevens
Barbara Brown |
| Cinematography | Ted D. McCord |
| Edited by | Folmar Blangsted |
| Music by | Friedrich Hollaender |
| Production
company | Warner Bros. |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
| Release date | * March 29, 1947 (1947-03-29) |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium

abstract: Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium, formerly Northern Suburbs General Cemetery, is a cemetery and crematorium in the Northern Suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The park caters for all religious, ethnic and cultural requirements.

text:
# Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium

**Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium**, formerly **Northern Suburbs General Cemetery**, is a cemetery and crematorium in the Northern Suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The park caters for all religious, ethnic and cultural requirements.

## History

Macquarie Park is owned by the Government of New South Wales, administered by the NSW Department of Primary Industries through a Board of Trustees currently chaired by John Hewson. The cemetery and crematorium are managed by Northern Cemeteries, a not for profit organisation on Crown Land.

The Board of Trustees were the plaintiffs in the landmark *Northern Suburbs General Cemetery Reserve Trust v Commonwealth* High Court of Australia case in 1993.

With the introduction of the chapels and crematorium, the name of the park was changed in 2004 from Northern Suburbs General Cemetery to its current name.

## List of interments

Macquarie Park and Crematorium caters for both burials and the interment of ashes. The most notable interments are Sir John Kerr, Governor General of Australia whom dismissed the Whitlam government causing the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis; two former Prime Ministers of Australia, Billy Hughes and Bob Hawke as well as entertainers Johnny O'Keefe and Don Lane.

## InfoBox

| Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium | |
| --- | --- |
| Grave of Prime Minister Billy Hughes | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1922 |
| Location | Corner Delhi and Plassey Roads, Macquarie Park, New South Wales |
| Country | Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°47′26″S 151°08′22″E / 33.7904258°S 151.1395276°E / -33.7904258; 151.1395276 |
| Type | Public |
| Owned by | Government of New South Wales, NSW Department of Primary Industries |
| Size | 59 acres (24 ha) |
| Website | Macquarie Park Cemetery |


title: Texas Country Music Hall of Fame

abstract: The Texas Country Music Hall of Fame, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to country music and were born in the state of Texas. This includes singers, songwriters, disc jockeys, and others. In the center of the exhibit area, a replica of a 1930s theater marquee reminds visitors of the role of country music in film. A juke box nearby allows visitors to select the country songs that they wish to hear played while touring the museum. The marquee serves as the entrance to the Tex Ritter Museum. A native of Panola County, Ritter was one of the first singers inducted into the hall of fame when it was established in 1998. It also has an exhibit on Ritter's son, John Ritter.

text:
# Texas Country Music Hall of Fame

The **Texas Country Music Hall of Fame**, located in Carthage in Panola County in East Texas, honors those who have made outstanding contributions to country music and were born in the state of Texas. This includes singers, songwriters, disc jockeys, and others.

In the center of the exhibit area, a replica of a 1930s theater marquee reminds visitors of the role of country music in film. A juke box nearby allows visitors to select the country songs that they wish to hear played while touring the museum.

The marquee serves as the entrance to the Tex Ritter Museum. A native of Panola County, Ritter was one of the first singers inducted into the hall of fame when it was established in 1998. It also has an exhibit on Ritter's son, John Ritter.

## Inductees

32°09′27″N 94°20′30″W / 32.1574°N 94.3417°W / 32.1574; -94.3417


title: Macnivil

abstract: Akaba Martin Longkümer, known professionally as Macnivil, is an Indian rapper, songwriter and music video director from Nagaland. He is considered as one of the pioneers of the Nagamese Hip hop scene in Nagaland. He further gained success after the release of his album Ura Uvie.

text:
# Macnivil

**Akaba Martin Longkümer** (born 7 July 1992), known professionally as **Macnivil**, is an Indian rapper, songwriter and music video director from Nagaland. He is considered as one of the pioneers of the Nagamese Hip hop scene in Nagaland. He further gained success after the release of his album *Ura Uvie*.

## Early life and career

Macnivil was born on 7 July 1992 in Kohima, Nagaland to a Naga family. He has Ao Naga ancestry on his father's side and Konyak Naga ancestry on his mother's side. He did his schooling from Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School in Kohima, Nagaland.

In 2019, Macnivil gained success for releasing *Ura Uvie*, the first ever rap album in the Nagamese language.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Ura Uvie* (2019)

### Other songs

* "The Warm Up (Freestyle)" (2019)
* "Tomorrow's Not The Same" (2021)

## Filmography

### Music video directions

| Title | Year | Artist(s) | Director of Photography | Production Company | Notes | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Live Your Life" | 2020 | Macnivil |  | Nestvibe | Self direction |  |
| "Last Goodbye" | 2021 | Arshilu Ozüküm | |  |  |  |
| | "Criminal" | KryZtal | |  |  |  |
| | "Tomorrow's Not the Same" | Macnivil feat. Ket Meth & TS Geneses | | Rüprüvizo Koso | Self direction |  |
| | "Perfect Stranger" | Arshilu Ozüküm & KidDrinja | |  |  |  |
| "Trauma" | 2022 | Ket Meth | | Rüprüvizo Koso |  |  |
|

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Song | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | *Music Awards of Nagaland* | Song of the Year | "Wait For Me" | Won |  |
| 2020 | *Music Awards of Nagaland* | Best song – Rap/Hip hop | "Ura Uvie" | Won |  |

## InfoBox

| Macnivil | |
| --- | --- |
| Macnivil in 2019 | |
| Born | Akaba Martin Longkümer
(1992-07-07) 7 July 1992
Kohima, Nagaland, India |
| Occupations | * Rapper * singer-songwriter * composer * recording artist * music video director |
| Years active | 2012–present |
| **Musical career** | |
| Origin | Kohima, Nagaland |
| Genres |  |
| Labels | Nestvibe Ent. |
|  | |


title: MV Jupiter

abstract:
A number of motor vessels have been named Jupiter, including
  - MV Jupiter, cargo ship
  - MV Jupiter (1961), a passenger ship which sank in 1988 after a collision
  - MV Jupiter (1966), a cruise ship in service during 1966 and from 1986–90
  - MV Jupiter (1969), a ferry in service 1969–92
  - MV Jupiter (1973), a ferry in service 1990–94
  - MV Jupiter (1974), a Ro-ro ferry in service 1974–2011
  - MV Jupiter, cargo ship (Georgia)
  - MV Jupiter (1975), a ferry in service 1975–81
  - MV Jupiter I, cargo ship
  - MV Jupiter, trawler
  - MV Jupiter, container ship
  - MV Jupiter (2006), Panamax bulk carrier
  - MV Jupiter (2007)
  - MV Jupiter II, bulk carrier
  - MS Jupiter, a cruiseferry owned and operated by Vietnamese Jupiter Cruises
  - MS Bulk Jupiter, a Bahamas-registered Norwegian-operated cargo ship that sank in 2015

text:
# MV Jupiter

A number of motor vessels have been named ***Jupiter***, including

* MV *Jupiter* (1952; IMO 5177456), cargo ship
* MV *Jupiter* (1961), a passenger ship which sank in 1988 after a collision
* MV *Jupiter* (1966), a cruise ship in service during 1966 and from 1986–90
* MV *Jupiter* (1969), a ferry in service 1969–92
* MV *Jupiter* (1973), a ferry in service 1990–94
* MV *Jupiter* (1974) (IMO 7341051), a Ro-ro ferry in service 1974–2011
* MV *Jupiter* (1974; IMO 7336575), cargo ship (Georgia)
* MV *Jupiter* (1975), a ferry in service 1975–81
* MV *Jupiter I* (1985; IMO 8416724), cargo ship
* MV *Jupiter* (1998; IMO 9187203), trawler
* MV *Jupiter* (2001; IMO 9226504), container ship
* MV *Jupiter* (2006), Panamax bulk carrier
* MV *Jupiter* (2007)
* MV *Jupiter II* (2009; IMO 9467897), bulk carrier

* MS *Jupiter*, a cruiseferry owned and operated by Vietnamese Jupiter Cruises
* MS *Bulk Jupiter*, a Bahamas-registered Norwegian-operated cargo ship that sank in 2015


title: European Tunisians

abstract: European Tunisians are Tunisians whose ancestry lies within the ethnic groups of Europe, notably the French and Italian. Other communities include those from Southern Europe and Northwestern Europe. Prior to independence, there were 255,000 Europeans in Tunisia in 1956. In 1926, there were 90,000 Italians in Tunisia, compared to 70,000 Frenchmen, despite the fact that Tunisia was a French protectorate, as well as 8,396 Maltese. Our Lady of Trapani procession is a traditional festival that the Tunisian Christian community celebrates on the 15th of August of each year at Saint-Augustin and Saint-Fidèle's church in the city of La Goulette in Tunis.

text:
# European Tunisians

**European Tunisians** are Tunisians whose ancestry lies within the ethnic groups of Europe, notably the French and Italian. Other communities include those from Southern Europe and Northwestern Europe.

Prior to independence, there were 255,000 Europeans in Tunisia in 1956 (mostly Catholics). In 1926, there were 90,000 Italians in Tunisia, compared to 70,000 Frenchmen, despite the fact that Tunisia was a French protectorate, as well as 8,396 Maltese.

Our Lady of Trapani procession is a traditional festival that the Tunisian Christian community celebrates on the 15th of August of each year at Saint-Augustin and Saint-Fidèle's church in the city of La Goulette in Tunis.

## History

## Notable people

## References and footnotes

## InfoBox

European Tunisians
| Cathedral of Saint Vincent de Paul, Tunis | |
| --- | --- |
| Languages | |
| Tunisian Derja, French, Italian, Maltese | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity (predominantly), Judaism, Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Pied-Noir | |


title: Tetraquark

abstract: In particle physics, a tetraquark is an exotic meson composed of four valence quarks. A tetraquark state has long been suspected to be allowed by quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of strong interactions. A tetraquark state is an example of an exotic hadron which lies outside the conventional quark model classification. A number of different types of tetraquark have been observed.

text:
# Tetraquark

In particle physics, a **tetraquark** is an exotic meson composed of four valence quarks. A tetraquark state has long been suspected to be allowed by quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of strong interactions. A tetraquark state is an example of an exotic hadron which lies outside the conventional quark model classification. A number of different types of tetraquark have been observed.

## History and discoveries

Several tetraquark candidates have been reported by particle physics experiments in the 21st century. The quark contents of these states are almost all qqQQ, where q represents a light (up, down or strange) quark, Q represents a heavy (charm or bottom) quark, and antiquarks are denoted with an overline. The existence and stability of tetraquark states with the qqQQ (or qqQQ) have been discussed by theoretical physicists for a long time, however these are yet to be reported by experiments.

Timeline

In 2003, a particle temporarily called X(3872), by the Belle experiment in Japan, was proposed to be a tetraquark candidate, as originally theorized. The name X is a temporary name, indicating that there are still some questions about its properties to be tested. The number following is the mass of the particle in MeV/*c*2.

In 2004, the DsJ(2632) state seen in Fermilab's SELEX was suggested as a possible tetraquark candidate.

In 2007, Belle announced the observation of the Z(4430) state, a  tetraquark candidate. There are also indications that the Y(4660), also discovered by Belle in 2007, could be a tetraquark state.

In 2009, Fermilab announced that they have discovered a particle temporarily called Y(4140), which may also be a tetraquark.

In 2010, two physicists from DESY and a physicist from Quaid-i-Azam University re-analyzed former experimental data and announced that, in connection with the ϒ
(5S) meson (a form of bottomonium), a well-defined tetraquark resonance exists.

In June 2013, the BES III experiment in China and the Belle experiment in Japan independently reported on Zc(3900), the first confirmed four-quark state.

In 2014, the Large Hadron Collider experiment LHCb confirmed the existence of the Z(4430) state with a significance of over 13.9 σ.

In February 2016, the DØ experiment reported evidence of a narrow tetraquark candidate, named X(5568), decaying to B0
s
π±
. In December 2017, DØ also reported observing the X(5568) using a different
B0
s final state. However, it was not observed in searches by the LHCb, CMS, CDF, or ATLAS experiments.

In June 2016, LHCb announced the discovery of three additional tetraquark candidates, called X(4274), X(4500) and X(4700).

In 2020, LHCb announced the discovery of a  tetraquark: X(6900). In 2022, ATLAS also observed X(6900), and in 2023, CMS reported an observation of three such states, X(6600), X(6900), and X(7300).

In 2021, LHCb announced the discovery of four additional tetraquarks, including ccus.

In 2022, LHCb announced the discovery of csud and csud.


title: Eternity Rites

abstract: Eternity Rites is the debut studio album by the Austrian neoclassical dark wave band Dargaard, released in 1998 by Napalm Records under the Draenor Productions banner. The album was recorded and mixed at Hoernix Studios by Georg Hranda and Tharen during 1998. It instills a dark rhythm and develops "a climactic fairytale full of medieval/folk themes beautifully composed and perfectly performed". The album includes eleven tracks, two of which are different parts of the song Eternity Rites. All the tracks are composed in mixture of neo-classical, folk and dark ambient music. The vocals of Elisabeth Toriser, the soprano with an operatic voice is also highly appreciated through most of reviews, which is "both clear and powerful, yet strangely delicate."

text:
# Eternity Rites

***Eternity Rites*** is the debut studio album by the Austrian neoclassical dark wave band *Dargaard*, released in 1998 by *Napalm Records* under the *Draenor Productions* banner. The album was recorded and mixed at *Hoernix Studios* by Georg Hranda and Tharen during 1998. It instills a dark rhythm and develops "a climactic fairytale full of medieval/folk themes beautifully composed and perfectly performed".

The album includes eleven tracks, two of which are different parts of the song *Eternity Rites*. All the tracks are composed in mixture of neo-classical, folk and dark ambient music.

The vocals of Elisabeth Toriser, the soprano with an operatic voice is also highly appreciated through most of reviews, which is "both clear and powerful, yet strangely delicate."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Eternity Rite (Pt. 1: Sight from the Abyss/The Confession and Prophecy)" | 5:49 |
| 2. | "Demon Eyes" | 5:08 |
| 3. | "Fuer grissa est drauka" (*"The Bringer of Death"*) | 4:10 |
| 4. | "Down to the Halls of the Blind" | 3:24 |
| 5. | "Nightvision" | 3:06 |
| 6. | "Arcanum Mortis" (*"The Mystery of Death"*) | 3:32 |
| 7. | "Eternity Rite (Pt. 2: Invocation and Bounding)" | 6:43 |
| 8. | "Temple of the Moon" | 3:43 |
| 9. | "...Of Broken Stones" | 5:45 |
| 10. | "Seelenlos" (*"Soulless"*) | 4:09 |
| 11. | "Transfer Complete" | 2:07 |
| Total length: | | 47:36 |

## Credits

* Tharen - all instruments, vocals
* Elisabeth Toriser - vocals

## InfoBox

| Eternity Rites | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dargaard | |
| Released | 23 October 1998 |
| Recorded | 1998 at Hoernix Studios |
| Genre | Neoclassical dark wave, dark ambient |
| Length | 47:36 |
| Language | English, Latin |
| Label | Draenor |
| Producer | Tharen |
| Dargaard chronology | |
| ***Eternity Rites***
(1998) *In Nomine Aeternitatis*
(2000) | |


title: Eupithecia infensa

abstract: Eupithecia infensa is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in China (Shensi).

text:
# Eupithecia infensa

***Eupithecia infensa*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in China (Shensi).

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia infensa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. infensa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia infensa***<br>Vojnits, 1979 | |
|


title: Oil megaprojects (2018)

abstract: This page summarizes projects that propose to bring more than 20,000 barrels per day (3,200 m⁳/d) of new liquid fuel capacity to market with the first production of fuel beginning in 2018. This is part of the Wikipedia summary of Oil Megaprojects.

text:
# Oil megaprojects (2018)

This page summarizes projects that propose to bring more than 20,000 barrels per day (3,200 m3/d) of new liquid fuel capacity to market with the first production of fuel beginning in 2018. This is part of the Wikipedia summary of Oil Megaprojects.

| Overview | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## Detailed list of projects for 2018

| Country | Project Name | Year startup | Operator | Area | Type | Grade | 2P resvs | GOR | Peak Year | Peak | Discovery | Capital Inv. | Notes | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **OPEC** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Iran | South Pars Ph 19 | 2018 | PetroPars, IOEC | Offshore | Condensate |  |  |  |  | 77 |  |  |  |  |
| **Non-OPEC** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Canada | Kearl Mine Ph 2 | 2018 | Imperial/ExxonMobil | LAND | Bitumen | Oil Sands |  |  |  | 100 |  |  | Application |  |
| Canada | Long Lake Upgrader Ph 4 | 2018 | OPTI /Nexen | LAND | Bitumen | Oil Sands |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | Mining, Upgrading, No FID, 60 kbd |  |
| Canada | Sunrise Ph 4 | 2018 | Husky Energy |  | Oil Sands | Bitumen | 1.0-2.2 |  |  | 0 |  | suspended 50 kbd | SAGD |  |
| Canada | Gregoire Lake (Phase 2) | 2018 | CNRL | LAND | Bitumen | Oil Sands |  |  |  | 30 |  |  | In-Situ, Announced |  |


title: Georgina Burnett

abstract: Georgina Burnett is an Australian-born British television presenter.

text:
# Georgina Burnett

**Georgina Burnett** (born 7 December 1978) is an Australian-born British television presenter.

## Early life

Burnett was born on 7 December 1978 in Sydney, Australia. When she was three years old, her family moved to the United Kingdom, settling in Dorset. She is of European and Polynesian descent and has three brothers.

## Career

Burnett is a DIY and interior design enthusiast and has been investing in and developing properties since 2009. One of her properties was featured in *Metro* and *25 Beautiful Homes*. She shares her knowledge and ideas through her blog and online channel *The Home Genie*.

Burnett is a regular presenter for ITV's *This Morning* where she has showed how to upcycle household items and general home improvement, decluttering and styling. She is also a regular presenter for Ideal Home Show and *Grand Designs Live*.

Burnett's book *The Street-wise Guide to Buying, Improving and Selling Your Home* was published in March 2019. She has also written expert advice for *The Sunday Times*, *The Sunday Telegraph*, *The Guardian*, *The Independent*, *25 Beautiful Homes* and a number of other interiors magazines.

Burnett was formerly a weather presenter and news reporter for all the UK nations and regions, most commonly BBC London News, BBC Scotland, BBC Cymru Wales, BBC Northern Ireland, BBC South East Today, BBC Look East, and BBC South Today, and also presents the weather for a number of BBC regional radio stations.

## Personal life

In February 2023, Burnett announced on Twitter that she had split from her husband Andy Flawn; the couple share a daughter.

## InfoBox

| Georgina Burnett | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1978-12-07) 7 December 1978<br>Sydney, Australia |
| Occupation | * Television presenter |
| Children | 1 |
| Website | www.georginaburnett.com |


title: Suck My Kiss

abstract: "Suck My Kiss" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released as the third single from their fifth studio album, Blood Sugar Sex Magik. "Suck My Kiss" was released as an airplay single in the United States in 1991 and as a physical single in Australia and New Zealand the following year, reaching the top 10 in the two latter countries and peaking at number 15 on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. A music video, released on May 1, 1992, was made for the song using footage from the Funky Monks documentary directed by Gavin Bowden. It also featured shots in shades of red of the American army returning from the Gulf War, revealed by Anthony Kiedis on the audio commentary in the band Greatest Videos compilation. The song was included on the band's Greatest Hits compilation.

text:
# Suck My Kiss

"**Suck My Kiss**" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. It was released as the third single from their fifth studio album, *Blood Sugar Sex Magik*. "Suck My Kiss" was released as an airplay single in the United States in 1991 and as a physical single in Australia and New Zealand the following year, reaching the top 10 in the two latter countries and peaking at number 15 on the US *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks chart.

A music video, released on May 1, 1992, was made for the song using footage from the *Funky Monks* documentary directed by Gavin Bowden. It also featured shots in shades of red of the American army returning from the Gulf War, revealed by Anthony Kiedis on the audio commentary in the band *Greatest Videos* compilation. The song was included on the band's *Greatest Hits* compilation.

## Reception

In 2021, *Kerrang* ranked the song number seven on their list of the 20 greatest Red Hot Chili Peppers songs, and in 2022, *Rolling Stone* ranked the song number 11 on their list of the 40 greatest Red Hot Chili Peppers songs.

## Track listings

**US promo CD**

1. "Suck My Kiss" (radio version) – 3:35
2. "Suck My Kiss" (album version) – 3:35

**Australian limited-edition CD and cassette single**

1. "Suck My Kiss"
2. "Search and Destroy"
3. "Fela's Cock"

## Personnel

**Red Hot Chili Peppers**

**Additional musicians**

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

The song was voted number five in a *Rolling Stone* readers' poll on Red Hot Chili Peppers songs.

The song appears in episodes of *Beavis and Butt-head* and *Hindsight*, as well as the video games *Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock* and 2014 video game *NBA 2K15* "Yakkem Trailer" and the latter's soundtrack album. Along with the rest of the *Blood Sugar Sex Magik* album, the song was formerly a downloadable track in the *Rock Band* series. A remixed instrumental based on the song is often used as royalty free production music.

A line was used in the Japanese TV show *Tamori Club*, in a segment called "Soramimi Hour", in which non-Japanese songs are interpreted into Japanese, according to phonetics. The line "Should have been, could have been, would have been..." from the first verse was interpreted as 白便 黒便 和田勉 (Shiro ben, kuro ben, Wada Ben'), which translates to: "White excrement, black excrement, Ben Wada").

The song was covered by Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine on his 2000 album, *Lounge Against the Machine*.

## InfoBox

| "Suck My Kiss" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Red Hot Chili Peppers | |
| from the album  *Blood Sugar Sex Magik* | |
| B-side |  |
| Released | May 1992 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:36 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) | Flea, John Frusciante, Anthony Kiedis, Chad Smith |
| Producer(s) | Rick Rubin |
| Red Hot Chili Peppers singles chronology | |
| "Under the Bridge"
(1992) "**Suck My Kiss**"
(1992) "Breaking the Girl"
(1992) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Suck My Kiss" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Matija Ban

abstract: Matija Ban was a Serbo-Croatian poet, dramatist, and playwright. He is known as one of the earliest proponents of the Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik. Ban was born in Petrovo Selo near Dubrovnik, then in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in the Austrian Empire, now in Croatia. After working as a language teacher in Greek schools in Constantinople and Bursa, Matija Ban settled in Serbia in 1844. He is commonly regarded as being the first to use the term "Yugoslav", in a poem in 1835. In 1848 he came from Serbia to Dalmatia to study the state of national sentiment there. He returned to Belgrade in 1850 to teach at the Lyceum. His best known literary works include 14 dramas and tragedies related to Slavic history. Matija Ban was a member of the Society of Serbian Letters (1858), Serbian Learned Society (1864), and Serbian Royal Academy (1892).

text:
# Matija Ban

**Matija Ban** (Serbian Cyrillic: Матија Бан; 6 December 1818 – 14 March 1903) was a Serbo-Croatian poet, dramatist, and playwright. He is known as one of the earliest proponents of the Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik.

Ban was born in Petrovo Selo near Dubrovnik, then in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in the Austrian Empire, now in Croatia. After working as a language teacher in Greek schools in Constantinople and Bursa, Matija Ban settled in Serbia in 1844. He is commonly regarded as being the first to use the term "Yugoslav", in a poem in 1835. In 1848 he came from Serbia to Dalmatia to study the state of national sentiment there. He returned to Belgrade in 1850 to teach at the Lyceum.

His best known literary works include 14 dramas and tragedies related to Slavic history (*Miljenko i Dobrila,* 1850; *Mejrima ili Bošnjaci,* 1851; *Car Lazar,* 1858; *Marta Posadnica,* 1871; 1880; *Jan Hus,* 1884, etc).

Matija Ban was a member of the Society of Serbian Letters (1858), Serbian Learned Society (1864), and Serbian Royal Academy (1892).

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Matija Ban | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | Матија Бан |
| Born | (1818-12-16)16 December 1818
Dubrovnik, Austrian Empire
(now Dubrovnik, Croatia) |
| Died | 14 March 1903(1903-03-14) (aged 84)
Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia
(now Belgrade, Serbia) |
| Occupation | writer, diplomat |
| Notable works | *Cvijeti Srbske* (1865); *Vanja* (1868) |


title: Fresnedillas de la Oliva

abstract: Fresnedillas de la Oliva is a municipality of the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain. It has a population of 1,581 inhabitants.

text:
# Fresnedillas de la Oliva

**Fresnedillas de la Oliva** is a municipality of the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain. It has a population of 1,581 inhabitants (INE, 2011).

## InfoBox

| Fresnedillas de la Oliva | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Municipal location within the Community of Madrid. | |
| Coordinates: 40°29′N 4°10′W / 40.483°N 4.167°W / 40.483; -4.167 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Community of Madrid |
| Area | |
| Total | 28.20 km2 (10.89 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 899 m (2,949 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 1,554 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: The Irish Descendants

abstract: The Irish Descendants are a folk group from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. All the members, born of Irish emigrants, were workers in the Newfoundland fishing industry before forming the band in 1990 out of the remnants of two former Newfoundland bands – The Descendants and Irish Coffee. The group helped to popularise traditional Newfoundland music to a wider Canadian audience in the early 1990s, along with other bands such as Great Big Sea. Their popularity within the province itself led to their selection as the official band of the province's 500th anniversary celebrations, during which they performed for the Queen. Tension within the group caused co-frontman D'Arcy Broderick to leave soon after this period, and their lineup has frequently changed since then, with frontman Con O'Brien being the only constant member. Regular touring and occasional album releases, most recently Is your Rhubarb Up in 2018, have kept the group in the public eye.

text:
# The Irish Descendants

**The Irish Descendants** are a folk group from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. All the members, born of Irish emigrants, were workers in the Newfoundland fishing industry before forming the band in 1990 out of the remnants of two former Newfoundland bands – The Descendants and Irish Coffee. The group helped to popularise traditional Newfoundland music to a wider Canadian audience in the early 1990s, along with other bands such as Great Big Sea. Their popularity within the province itself led to their selection as the official band of the province's 500th anniversary celebrations, during which they performed for the Queen. Tension within the group caused co-frontman D'Arcy Broderick to leave soon after this period, and their lineup has frequently changed since then, with frontman Con O'Brien being the only constant member. Regular touring and occasional album releases, most recently *Is your Rhubarb Up* in 2018, have kept the group in the public eye.

## History

In the summer of 1986, Con O’Brien and Ronnie Power of Bay Bulls teamed up with Thomas Battcock of Brigus South to form The Descendants. After Battcock's departure due to other commitments, Power and O'Brien teamed up with multi-instrumentalist and vocalist D'Arcy Broderick of Bay De Verde and Bassist Larry Martin of Grates Cove to form the new band The Irish Descendants.

In 1991, the Descendants recorded their first album, *Misty Morning Shore*, on independent label Duckworth Records. It caught the attention of Warner Music and they signed the band following up with their major label debut *Look To The Sea* in 1993. The record was successful, and was followed by 1994's *Gypsies and Lovers*, which saw the band expanded to include drummer Gerard Broderick and keyboardist Kathy Phippard. The album won the band the Roots & Traditional Album of the Year award at the Juno Awards, as well as the Entertainer of the Year award at the East Coast Music Awards.

Their 1996 album, *Livin' On The Edge*, featured a contemporary country sound which caused a rift in the band. At a New Year's Eve show in the group's hometown of St. John's, Broderick and O'Brien engaged in a fight backstage, which culminated in Broderick leaving the group. The official reason cited was "irreconcilable musical differences." His departure occurred just before a tour with Anne Murray, and the band's rush to fill his shoes led them to Eamonn O'Rourke, an Irish fiddler living in New York City, who joined the band for a short time. He played with them on 1998's *Rollin' Home*; this proved the group's last album with Ronnie Power and Larry Martin, who departed in 2000, and their last original album for Warner. The label released a final, compilation album entitled *So Far So Good* in 1999.

In 2001, the group resurfaced with a new lineup: O'Brien joined forces with St. John's musician Mike Hanrahan, as well as veteran players Byron Pardy, Kelly Russell and Paul 'Boomer' Stamp (all of whom had played, as guests, on *Rollin' Home*). This new lineup released *Blooming Bright Star* on Koch Records, produced once again by Derek Harrington. The disc featured Great Big Sea guesting on vocals on the track 'Step It Out Mary', as well as covers of songs by Gerry Rafferty and Paul Brady. The group also released a Christmas album, *The Gift*, the following year. (The disc was re-released in 2006 on Newfoundland label Avondale Music.) However, Kelly Russell left the band in 2003 due to their extensive touring schedule; Graham Wells, a St. John's musician known for his multi-instrumental capabilities (although especially proficient on the accordion) joined in the same year. Pardy was to follow suit soon; at this time, brothers Glenn and Paul Hiscock (performing fiddle and bass, respectively) of the St. John's band Connemara came into the fold. Guest musician Bob Pike of Shanneyganock played bass on 2004's *Across the Water*, released on the Kells Music label; the change in distribution enabled the band's new music to be released in America. The album hit the top of the North American Irish music sales charts. A second compilation followed, entitled *We Are the Irish Descendants*. Stamp left the band in 2004.

2007 saw the release of *Southern Shore*, produced by Alan Doyle of Great Big Sea, who also co-wrote the track 'Not for the Money Alone' with O'Brien and played on several songs; Great Big Sea also guested on the song 'Downtown Girl.' The album also featured the group's first song recorded without O'Brien, 'No Con Test.' In 2009, the Hiscock brothers took a temporary break from touring, replaced in the lineup by various musicians (and for one tour, Kelly Russell). Later in the year, the pair were replaced permanently by Toronto native Duncan Cameron and Newfoundland musician Robert Kelly. A third compilation, titled *Encore: The Best of the Irish Descendants Volume 2* was also released, this time by Avondale. 2010 marked the group's 20th anniversary, celebrated with a series of shows in western and central Canada, as well as a closing performance at the 34th Newfoundland and Labrador Folk Festival, in St. John's. In addition, another lineup change was evident: Wells departed, and veteran Dave Panting (formerly of Rawlins Cross) joined the band.

The band is noted for its heavy touring schedule. They have played overseas, notably at the International Festival of the Sea in England, although the majority of their work has been in North America, particularly Canada. Upon the celebration of Newfoundland's quincentennial in 1996, the group was selected as one of the official entertainers, and as such performed for the representatives of the monarchy, including Queen Elizabeth II. They continue to play regularly.

On 19 September 2021, the band reunited with all of the original members for a sold out, one night only, performance at the Iceberg Alley Performance Tent. However, in the wake of Hurricane Larry, the Iceberg Alley Performance had been destroyed by the winds. The after the cancelation of the April Wine show on September 13, the rest of the festival was moved to the Mile One Centre. The Irish Descendants then played their sold-out show along with The Masterless Men and The Navigators.

## Member history

The members of the Irish Descendants have changed repeatedly over the years, both in number and in name. Founding member Con O'Brien has been the only original member of the group since 1990. The group has occasionally recorded and toured with guest musicians and alumni; most recently, Larry Foley, Patrick Moran, Billy Sutton, Sandy Morris, Ron Hynes, Jamie Snider, Alan Doyle, Rowan Sherlock, Aaron Collis, and Kelly Russell joined the group at various times in 2009.

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | CAN | CAN Country | |
| 1991 | *Misty Morning Shore* |  |  |  |
| 1993 | *Look to the Sea* |  |  | Gold |
| 1994 | *Gypsies and Lovers* | 45 | 22 | Gold |
| 1996 | *Livin' on the Edge* | 66 |  |  |
| 1998 | *Rollin' Home* |  |  |  |
| 2001 | *Night at the Pub* |  |  |  |
| | *Blooming Bright Star* |  |  |  |
| | *The Gift* |  |  |  |
| 2004 | *We Are the Irish Descendants* |  |  |  |
| | *Across the Water* |  |  |  |
| 2007 | *Southern Shore* |  |  |  |
| 2018 | *Is Your Rhubarb Up* |  |  |  |
| 2023 | *An Irish Descendants Christmas* |  |  |  |

### Compilations

| Year | Album |
| --- | --- |
| 1999 | *So Far, So Good - The Best Of The Irish Descendants* |
| 2009 | *Encore - Best Of The Irish Descendants Volume 2* |
| 2011 | *Rise Again - Volume 1* (Includes new recordings) |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart Positions | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | CAN AC | CAN Country | |
| 1993 | "Last of the Great Whales" | 31 |  | *Look to the Sea* |
| 1995 | "Catch the Wind" | 19 |  | *Gypsies and Lovers* |
| 1996 | "The Rock and a Hard Place" |  | 64 | *Livin' on the Edge* |
| 1999 | "Catch the Wind" (re-release) | 67 |  | *So Far So Good* |

1. "CANOE -- JAM! Music - Artists - Irish Descendants : Fables ready to t…". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
2. "Con's Column". *irishdescendants.com*. October 28, 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04.
3. "The Irish Descendants - 2010 performers". *nlfolk.com*. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10.

## InfoBox

| The Irish Descendants | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Genres | Celtic, folk, celtic rock, |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Labels | Warner, Koch, Kells, Fontana Distribution, Avondale |
|  | |
| Members | Con O'Brien
Rowan Sherlock
Madeline Carter
Jeff Kinsman |
|  | |
| Past members | *See Member history* |
|  | |
| Website | https://theirishdescendants.com/ |


title: Indian Botanical Society

abstract: The Indian Botanical Society (IBS) is the national learned society for botanists of India. It was founded in 1920. The Society's activities include lectures, symposia, field excursions, field projects and an annual society meeting for exchange of information between botanists working in different areas.

text:
# Indian Botanical Society

The **Indian Botanical Society** (IBS) is the national learned society for botanists of India. It was founded in 1920.

The Society's activities include lectures, symposia, field excursions, field projects and an annual society meeting for exchange of information between botanists working in different areas.

## Origin

The Indian Botanical Society had its inception in a resolution passed by the Botany Section of the Indian Science Congress at the Nagpur meeting in January, 1920. A Committee of organisation was consequently formed to carry this resolution into effect. This Committee consisted of the late Dr. P. Bruhl of the University College of Science, Calcutta, the late Rai Bahadur K. Rangachariar of the Agricultural College, Coimbatore, the late Rai Bahadur Prof. Shiv Ram Kashyap of the Government College, Lahore, the late Prof. Birbal Sahni, then of the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Dr. W. Burns, then of the College of Agriculture, Poona and the late Dr. Winfild Dudgeon of the Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, with Dr. Dudgeon as Chairman.

In October 1920, the Committee sent out a letter to as many botanists as could be located in India, inviting them to become Charter Member of the new Society. It was agreed that 25 members would be considered sufficient for founding the Society and that office bearers should be elected when this number was reached. The response to this invitation was so immediate and hearty that it was possible to hold elections for office bearers of the Society by about the middle of November. Upon completion of the election on December 6, 1920 the Society was declared duly organised, and the Committee of organization ceased to exist.

Indian botanical Society holds its Annual session in any University of the country where scientists/ Botanists/ present their views on resent advances in the subject. Thirty fifth session of IBS is scheduled at Vadodara during 8–10 December. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda is hosting this conference. Young Botanists and Women scientist will be awarded in the conference.

## Publications

The Journal of Indian Botany (later The Journal of the Indian Botanical Society), was launched under Professor Fyson's initiative.


title: Eupithecia infimbriata

abstract: Eupithecia infimbriata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Peru.

text:
# Eupithecia infimbriata

***Eupithecia infimbriata*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia infimbriata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. infimbriata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia infimbriata***<br>(Dognin, 1907) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Perizoma infimbriata* Dognin, 1907 | |


title: Eupithecia inquinata

abstract: Eupithecia inquinata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by David Stephen Fletcher in 1950 and it is found in Ethiopia.

text:
# Eupithecia inquinata

***Eupithecia inquinata*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by David Stephen Fletcher in 1950 and it is found in Ethiopia.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia inquinata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. inquinata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia inquinata***<br>D. S. Fletcher, 1950 | |
|


title: The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies

abstract: The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies: A Critic's Ranking of the Very Best was a 1998 book published by Kathryn Bernheimer. Bernheimer ranked the "top 50" films dealing with Jewish topics.

text:
# The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies

***The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies: A Critic's Ranking of the Very Best*** was a 1998 book published by Kathryn Bernheimer. Bernheimer ranked the "top 50" films dealing with Jewish topics.

## Selections

The top three films were, in descending order, *The Chosen*, *Fiddler on the Roof* and *Schindler's List*.

## Bibliography

* Bernheimer, Kathryn. *The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies: A Critic's Ranking of the Very Best*. Secaucus, NJ: Carol, 1998.

## Further reading


title: MV Liberty Star

abstract: MV Liberty Star is a formerly NASA-owned and United Space Alliance-operated vessel which primarily served as an SRB recovery ship following the launch of Space Shuttle missions. It also performed tugboat duties and acted as a research platform. In 2012, it was transferred to the U.S. Department of Transportation for use as a training vessel at the United States Merchant Marine Academy as the TV Kings Pointer. Her sister ship is the MV Freedom Star.

text:
# MV Liberty Star

**MV *Liberty Star*** is a formerly NASA-owned and United Space Alliance-operated vessel which primarily served as an SRB recovery ship following the launch of Space Shuttle missions. It also performed tugboat duties and acted as a research platform. In 2012, it was transferred to the U.S. Department of Transportation for use as a training vessel at the United States Merchant Marine Academy as the **TV *Kings Pointer***. Her sister ship is the MV *Freedom Star*.

## History

The recovery ships were built at Atlantic Marine Shipyard on Fort George Island, Florida, and delivered in January 1981 to their original owner, United Technologies Corporation. As well as recovering the Space Shuttle, SRB's *Liberty Star* has since 1998 been used to tow the Space Shuttle external fuel tanks from their assembly plant at Michoud Assembly Facility near New Orleans, Louisiana, to the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. She served a similar role in recovering the first test flight of the Ares I and was anticipated to continue recovering boosters for the Constellation program before it was canceled in 2010.

The *Liberty Star* underwent special strengthening enhancements to withstand the greater burden of towing the external fuel tanks. The stern was strengthened at critical points, new bulwark fairings were added, and an H-bitt was installed through which cabling is threaded to keep it centered during towing operations. Also installed was a hydraulic towing winch, referred to as a double-drum waterfall winch, holding 2,000 feet (610 m) or more of wire rope on each drum. One drum supports booster retrievals while the other is devoted to external tank towing.

*Liberty Star* has also occasionally been used to support scientific research operations including research for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and several universities. She is usually docked alongside her sister at the Solid Rocket Booster processing facility at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

Each ship is propelled by two main engines providing a total of 2,900 horsepower. The main engines turn two seven-foot (2.1-meter) propellers with controllable pitch, which provides greater response time and maneuverability. The ships also are equipped with two thrusters. The stern thruster is a water jet system that allows the ship to move in any direction without the use of propellers. This system was installed to protect the endangered manatee population that inhabits regions of the Banana River where the ships are based. The system also allows divers to work near the ship during operations at a greatly reduced risk.

### Transfer

On August 21, 2012, NASA agreed to transfer the *Liberty Star* to the U.S. Department of Transportation for use as a training vessel at the United States Merchant Marine Academy. The ship arrived at Kings Point, New York, on September 13, 2012, with formal turnover occurring on September 14. After being refit for training duty, which included additional berthing, she was renamed TV *Kings Pointer*, the fifth vessel of the Academy to carry that name. The transfer agreement stipulated that NASA could again use the vessel on future missions if she was available.

Media related to *Liberty Star* (tugboat, 1981) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

MV *Liberty Star*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | MV *Liberty Star* |
| Owner | NASA |
| Operator | United Space Alliance |
| Builder | Atlantic Marine Shipyard, Fort George Island, Florida, U.S. |
| Christened | September 27, 1980 |
| Acquired | October 1980 |
| In service | January 1981 |
| Out of service | September 14, 2012 |
| Homeport | Port Canaveral, Florida, U.S. |
| Identification |  |
| Status | Transferred to Maritime Administration |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | TV *Kings Pointer* |
| Owner | U.S. Dept of Transportation |
| Operator | U.S. Maritime Administration |
| Acquired | September 14, 2012 |
| Homeport | Kings Point, New York, U.S. |
| Status | In service |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 484 GT, 743 GRT; 239 NT, 222 NRT |
| Displacement | 1,052 short tons (954 ) |
| Length | 176 ft (53.6 m) |
| Beam | 37 ft (11.3 m) |
| Height | 72 ft (21.9 m) |
| Draft | 12 ft (3.7 m) |
| Depth | 15 ft (4.6 m) |
| Installed power | 2 × 223 hp (166 kW) Kato generators |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Range | 6,900 mi (11,100 km) |
| Endurance | 30 days |
| Capacity | 24 maximum |
| Complement | * 10 × crew * 9 × retrieval specialists * 1 × retrieval supervisor |
| Notes | Towing capacity: 60,000 lb (27,200 kg) |


abstract: Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience is the sixth live album by Madonna, released by Warner Records on October 8, 2021 through all digital platforms. It accompanied the release of the concert film of the same name, which documented her Madame X Tour. The live album contains the audio of all performances from the film. It is Madonna's first release with Warner since Sticky & Sweet Tour (2010). On August 11, 2023, media outlets started to announce the release for the first time of the live album in vinyl format. It was formally announced on Madonna's birthday on August 16. The physical format includes one version in black vinyl and the second in limited edition picture disc. The album also includes two unreleased songs from the original digital album: "Crave" and the Cesária Évora cover "Sodade" with Dino D'Santiago.

text:
# Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience

***Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience*** is the sixth live album by Madonna, released by Warner Records on October 8, 2021 through all digital platforms. It accompanied the release of the concert film of the same name, which documented her Madame X Tour. The live album contains the audio of all performances from the film. It is Madonna's first release with Warner since *Sticky & Sweet Tour* (2010).

On August 11, 2023, media outlets started to announce the release for the first time of the live album in vinyl format. It was formally announced on Madonna's birthday on August 16. The physical format includes one version in black vinyl and the second in limited edition picture disc. The album also includes two unreleased songs from the original digital album: "Crave" and the Cesária Évora cover "Sodade" with Dino D'Santiago.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Jenesaispop |  |
| *PopMatters* | 7/10 |
| *Retro Pop* |  |

Peter Piatkowski from *PopMatters* commented the album "captures Madonna at her most Madonna-est", further saying "It's ridiculous, wonderful, and fantastic. It's Madonna".

Commercially, the album charted in component record charts of the United Kingdom and the United States, and Spain's main album charts. In France, the album debuted outside the top 200 at number 212 with only 516 equivalent units. Following its physical release in 2023, the album peaked at ninety on the chart, almost two years later.

## Track listing

*Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" |  | 1:38 |
| 2. | "God Control" |  | 5:59 |
| 3. | "Dark Ballet" | * Madonna * Ahmadzaï | 4:33 |
| 4. | "Human Nature" | * Madonna * Hall * S. McKenzie * K. McKenzie * Deering | 7:03 |
| 5. | "Vogue" |  | 4:11 |
| 6. | "I Don't Search, I Find" | * Madonna * Ahmadzaï | 4:45 |
| 7. | "American Life" | * Madonna * Ahmadzaï | 4:18 |
| 8. | "Batuka" | * Madonna * Ahmadzaï * David Banda | 6:17 |
| 9. | "Fado Pechincha" (featuring Gaspar Varela) | * João Linhares Barbosa * D. João Barnabé de Noronha | 1:41 |
| 10. | "Killers Who Are Partying" | * Madonna * Ahmadzaï | 4:34 |
| 11. | "Crazy" |  | 4:48 |
| 12. | "Welcome to My Fado Club" |  | 1:52 |
| 13. | "Medellín" |  | 6:32 |
| 14. | "Extreme Occident" | * Madonna * Ahmadzaï | 3:45 |
| 15. | "Breathwork" | * Madonna * Pettibone | 3:21 |
| 16. | "Frozen" | * Madonna * Leonard | 6:17 |
| 17. | "Come Alive" |  | 5:34 |
| 18. | "Future" |  | 4:00 |
| 19. | "Like a Prayer" | * Madonna * Leonard | 5:09 |
| 20. | "I Rise" | * Madonna * Evigan * Hazzard | 6:19 |
| Total length: | | | 92:37 |

*Madame X* – LP edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21. | "Sodade" |  |  |
| 22. | "Crave" |  |  |

**Notes**

* "Intro" consists of "Madame X Manifesto" played over "I Don't Search I Find" (Honey Dijon Remix). There is also a segment of Madonna's Woman of the Year Award speech from the 2016 *Billboard* Women in Music awards.
* "Human Nature" contains an a cappella version of "Express Yourself", as well as a speech featuring her daughters Estere, Stella and Mercy James.
* "Welcome to My Fado Club" contains elements of "La Isla Bonita", "Medellin" and "Sodade".
* "Breathwork" is a dance interlude which includes spoken words from "Rescue Me".
* "Future" contains a new solo second verse.
* "Sodade" is a duet with Dino D'Santiago.

## Charts

Chart performance for *Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience*
| Chart (2021–2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Vinyl Albums (ARIA) | 14 |
| Croatian International Albums (HDU) | 1 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 90 |
| German Album Downloads (GfK Entertainment) | 8 |
| Italian Vinyl Albums (FIMI) | 5 |
| Polish Vinyl Albums (ZPAV) | 50 |
| Portuguese Albums (AFP) | 24 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 14 |
| Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE) | 67 |
| UK Albums Sales (OCC) | 48 |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 5 |
| US Top Current Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 58 |
|

## Release history

Release dates and formats for *Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience*
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | October 8, 2021 |  |  |  |
| Various | September 22, 2023 |  |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Madame X:
Music from the Theater Xperience | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Madonna | |
| Released | October 8, 2021 |
| Recorded | January 12–23, 2020 |
| Venue | Coliseu dos Recreios
(Lisbon, Portugal) |
| Length | 92:37 |
| Label | Warner |
| Madonna chronology | |
| *Madame X*
(2019) ***Madame X:
Music from the Theater Xperience***
(2021) *Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones*
(2022) | |


title: Evans Gwekwerere

abstract: Evans Gwekwerere is a retired Zimbabwean football striker. A Zimbabwe international, he played at the 2009 COSAFA Cup.

text:
# Evans Gwekwerere

**Evans Gwekwerere** (born 27 April 1985) is a retired Zimbabwean football striker. A Zimbabwe international, he played at the 2009 COSAFA Cup.

## InfoBox

Evans Gwekwerere
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1985-04-27) 27 April 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Makonde, Zimbabwe | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004 | Douglas Warriors F.C. |  |  |
| 2005–2006 | Dynamos F.C. |  |  |
| 2006–2008 | Moroka Swallows F.C. |  |  |
| 2008 | F.C. AK |  |  |
| 2009 | Jomo Cosmos F.C. |  |  |
| 2009–2010 | Dynamos F.C. |  |  |
| 2011–2012 | CAPS United F.C. |  |  |
| 2013 | Dynamos F.C. |  |  |
| 2013 | Township Rollers F.C. |  |  |
| 2013 | Black Mambas F.C. |  |  |
| 2014 | Buffaloes F.C. |  |  |
| 2014 | Textáfrica do Chimoio |  |  |
| 2015 | Ferroviário de Maputo |  |  |
| 2016 | Dynamos F.C. |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2006–2009 | Zimbabwe | 11 | (4) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: That's Enough for Me

abstract: "That's Enough For Me" is a song by Fleetwood Mac from the 1979 double LP Tusk, on which it is the shortest track. It was one of nine songs from the album composed and sung by Lindsey Buckingham, who also supplied all of the instrumentation. The song was released a B-side to "Sara" in December 1979.

text:
# That's Enough for Me

"**That's Enough For Me**" is a song by Fleetwood Mac from the 1979 double LP *Tusk*, on which it is the shortest track. It was one of nine songs from the album composed and sung by Lindsey Buckingham, who also supplied all of the instrumentation. The song was released a B-side to "Sara" in December 1979.

## Background

The working title for "That's Enough For Me" was "Out on the Road", which Buckingham recorded at his home on a MCI 16-track in 1978. The song carried the working title of "Out on the Road" through the month of December.

Buckingham described That's Enough For Me as "rockabilly on acid" and sought to pull from several reference points when developing the song. He drew some influence from New wave music, but did not actively seek to emulate any particular artist when writing "That"s Enough For Me".

Musically, the song is built around a fast finger-picking technique that Buckingham originally learned in his youth while playing along to Kingston Trio records. It follows a I-IV-V chord progression and possesses a tempo of around 254 BPM. When performed live on the Tusk Tour, it was played at an even faster tempo. Buckingham originally considered giving the song a more relaxed feel by recording the song at a tape speed of 15 ips rather than 30 ips, but he instead settled on a faster tempo.

The song's lyrics consist of one short verse and a wordless chorus. In an interview with Paul Zollo, Buckingham posited that the song could have been about his relationship with Nicks, adding that the lyrics were both "raucous" and "sad".

## Recording

When Buckingham brought the demo to Studio D of The Village Recorder, he requested that producer Ken Caillat leave the studio so he could work on the song with Richard Dashut and engineer Hernan Rojas. He originally utilized other members of Fleetwood Mac during the song's early tracking, including Christine McVie, who played honky-tonk piano fills and glissandos. However, the final recording only features instrumental contributions from Buckingham. Part of the song was recorded in Buckingham's bathroom. McVie and Stevie Nicks both contributed backing vocals to the song, although their additions were made barely audible in the final mix.

Buckingham recorded several tracks of electric guitars and normal speed through a Fuzz Face effects box. He also recorded an electric bass guitar, a kick drum, snare drum, and a lead vocal, which were all completed in the absence of Caillat. Overdub sessions continued for a few more weeks until Caillat returned to the studio. After recording a few more new takes of "That's Enough For Me", Buckingham reinforced the rhythms tracks by layering additional snare and kick drums through a M160 microphone situated in close proximity to the instruments and a ribbon M360 microphone placed at a distance. Some acoustic, electric, and resonator guitars were recorded at low speed and later sped up to achieve a high-pitched "fingerpicked frenzy of sound".

## Critical reception

AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described That's Enough For Me as a "rampaging" song that contrasted with the mellower compositions on *Tusk*. Rob Brunner of Entertainment Weekly identified "That's Enough For Me" as one of *Tusk's* many good songs, which in his opinion helped make up for the album's "lack of cohesion and consistency". Kris Needs of *Record Collector* thought that the song reflected Buckingham desire to faithfully evoke the rawness of early rock and roll records, further adding that it along with Not That Funny and I Know I'm Not Wrong "reveal a coke-provoked creative psyche teetering towards the unhinged." Tyler Golsen of *Far Out* thought that the song "toe\[d\] the line between country and punk".

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| "That’s Enough For Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Fleetwood Mac | |
| from the album  *Tusk* | |
| A-side | "Sara" |
| Released | 1979 |
| Recorded | 1978–1979 |
| Studio | The Village Recorder |
| Genre | Psychobilly, bluegrass |
| Length | 1:51 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) | Lindsey Buckingham |
| Producer(s) | Fleetwood Mac, Richard Dashut, Ken Caillat |


title: Madhya Pradesh Global Investors' Summit

abstract:
Global Investors Summit, officially the Invest Madhya Pradesh Global Investors Summit or GIS is a biennial business summit organized by Government of Madhya Pradesh in Indore, the commercial capital of central India to attract domestic and foreign investment for development of the state. Based on the theme– India's Growth Centre and aimed at bringing together business leaders, investors, corporations, thought leaders, policy and opinion makers; the summit serves as a perfect platform to understand and explore business opportunities in the State of Madhya Pradesh. In 2019, the summit was held with the title 'Magnificent MP Summit' by then Chief Minister Kamal Nath in Indore.
  - GIS 2007 - Signed 102 MOUs worth Rs 1.20 Trillion
  - GIS 2010 - Signed 107 MOUs for setting up projects worth Rs 2.35 Trillion
  - GIS 2012 - Signed 259 MOUs for setting up projects worth Rs 4.31 Trillion
  - GIS 2016 - 2630 Investments proposed worth ₹5.63 Trillion.

text:
# Madhya Pradesh Global Investors' Summit

**Global Investors Summit**, officially the **Invest Madhya Pradesh Global Investors Summit** or **GIS** is a biennial business summit organized by Government of Madhya Pradesh in Indore, the commercial capital of central India to attract domestic and foreign investment for development of the state. Based on the theme– India's Growth Centre and aimed at bringing together business leaders, investors, corporations, thought leaders, policy and opinion makers; the summit serves as a perfect platform to understand and explore business opportunities in the State of Madhya Pradesh.

In 2019, the summit was held with the title 'Magnificent MP Summit' by then Chief Minister Kamal Nath in Indore.

* GIS 2007 - Signed 102 MOUs worth Rs 1.20 Trillion
* GIS 2010 - Signed 107 MOUs for setting up projects worth Rs 2.35 Trillion
* GIS 2012 - Signed 259 MOUs for setting up projects worth Rs 4.31 Trillion
* GIS 2016 - 2630 Investments proposed worth ₹5.63 Trillion.

## Focus Sectors

The primary focus sectors of the summit are

## GIS 2012-2014 Highlights

GIS 2014 was organized from 8–10 October 2014 in Brilliant Convention Centre, Indore and was inaugurated by the prime minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi. Top names in Indian business who participated in the event were Mukesh Ambani, Anil Ambani, Cyrus Mistry, YC Deveshwar and Gautam Adani etc. Six countries including Canada, Australia, and South Africa were partner-nations at the event. Ambassadors from 21 countries attended the summit. GIS 2012 was held in Indore from 28 to 30 October 2012 and many projects and MoUs were signed in the three days of the summit. Of these investment plans, major investment are:

* Setting up an air cargo hub at Indore, for which 500 hectares of land would be acquired near existing Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport.
* Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group will enhance its integrated power plants in Madhya Pradesh at an investment of Rs 25000 crores.
* HUDCO to invest Rs 2,000 crore to strengthen urban water supply and urban infrastructure development schemes.
* MTech Metals & Mining has inked MoU to invest Rs 9,000 crore in an integrated steel plant and an auto park to be set up in Jabalpur division.
* Future Group plans to invest Rs 2,500 crore for an integrated food park and to create jobs for 21,400 people.
* Vellore Institute of Technology plans to invest Rs 500 crore to set up a university in the state.
* Bharat Forge will invest Rs 1,880 crore to set up a steel plant at Shahdol and auto-component plants near Indore.
* Tata Consultancy Services will invest Rs 410 crore in Indore to create 12,000 jobs.
* Steel Authority of India Limited plans to invest Rs 5000 crore in an iron plant at Chhatarpur.
* Stem Learning Ltd plans to invest Rs 80 crore to train 20,000 students
* Rockland Hospital will invest Rs 300 crore in a super-speciality hospital.
* NTPC has inked an MoU to invest Rs 9000 crore to set up a 1,200 MW thermal power station at Khargon.
* American Copper Limited plans to invest Rs 1856 crore in a 500 metric tonnes per annum copper plant in Balaghat.

## GIS 2016 Highlights

The Global Investors Summit 2016 was organised on 22 and 23 October at Brilliant Convention Centre, Indore. On 21 October 2016, the Global CEO conclave was held where 150 Ambassadors of partner countries, CEOs of industrial groups and representatives from abroad shared dinner with the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and discussed investment opportunities in the state. GIS 2016 was partnered by six countries the United Kingdom, UAE, Singapore, Japan and South Korea. The foundation stone for state's **Make in Madhya Pradesh** initiative was laid by chief minister at the event. GIS 2016 was inaugurated by Finance Minister of India, Shri Arun Jaitley. Baba Ramdev and Gopichand Hinduja attended the event for the first time. Top names in Indian business who participated in the event were Anil Ambani, Kumar Mangalam Birla. The valedictory session was presided over by Minister for external affairs, Sushma Swaraj. Total number of MOUs signed and total investment figures are yet to be confirmed by the government.

## InfoBox

| Invest Madhya Pradesh: Global Investors Summit | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 2 years |
| Location(s) | Indore |
| Inaugurated | 2007 |
| Most recent | 2019 |
| Previous event | 2019 (as Magnificent MP Summit) |
| Next event | 2021 |
| Participants | 6,000 |
| Patron(s) | Government of Madhya Pradesh |
| Organised by | MPAKVN Indore, Confederation of Indian Industry |
| Website | www.mpindustry.gov.in |


title: Madhya Pradesh I

abstract: The Madhya Pradesh I solar park near Surajpur Village in the Shajapur district of Madhya Pradesh is a 200 megawatt (MWDC) photovoltaic power station, which is under construction. It was formerly known as solar park Northwest India I. It covers an area of 640 acres and supplies about 256.000 people with energy. It is under construction as a fixed tilt mounting structure, using mono PERC solar PV technology. The power plant will be connected to a 400 kV PGCIL Pachora substation. The produced electricity will be taken by 1. M.P. Power Management Company Limited (MPPMCL) and Indian Railways (IR). India has a target of developing 22,000 MW (75 billion Btu/h) of solar power plants and an additional 8,000 MW (27 billion Btu/h) is expected in local generation, bringing the total to 30,000 MW (100 billion Btu/h) by 2022, which was later increased to 100,000 megawatts.

text:
# Madhya Pradesh I

The **Madhya Pradesh I** solar park near Surajpur Village in the Shajapur district of Madhya Pradesh is a 200 megawatt (MWDC) photovoltaic power station, which is under construction. It was formerly known as solar park Northwest India I.

Madhya Pradesh Iclass=notpageimage|Location of Power Plant Madhya Pradesh I in the State of Madhya Pradesh

It covers an area of 640 acres (260 hectares) and supplies about 256.000 people with energy. It is under construction as a fixed tilt mounting structure, using mono PERC solar PV technology. The power plant will be connected to a 400 kV PGCIL Pachora substation. The produced electricity will be taken by 1. M.P. Power Management Company Limited (MPPMCL) and Indian Railways (IR).

India has a target of developing 22,000 MW (75 billion Btu/) of solar power plants and an additional 8,000 MW (27 billion Btu/h) is expected in local generation, bringing the total to 30,000 MW (100 billion Btu/h) by 2022, which was later increased to 100,000 megawatts.

## InfoBox

| Madhya Pradesh I | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | India |
| Location | Surajpur Village, Shajapur District, Madhya Pradesh |
| Coordinates | 23°13′38″N 76°12′55″E / 23.22722°N 76.21528°E / 23.22722; 76.21528 |
| Status | under construction |
| Commission date | expteced for Q3, 2023 |
| Owners | Talettutayi Solar Projects Nine Private Limited |
| Solar farm | |
| Type |  |
| Total collector area | 640 acres |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | 200 MWDC |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Euxesta nigricans

abstract: Euxesta nigricans is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Euxesta of the family Ulidiidae. It was described by Frederik Maurits van der Wulp in 1899. It can be found in Guerrero, Mexico.

text:
# Euxesta nigricans

***Euxesta nigricans*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Euxesta* of the family Ulidiidae. It was described by Frederik Maurits van der Wulp in 1899. It can be found in Guerrero, Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Euxesta nigricans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Euxesta* |
| Species: | ***E. nigricans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euxesta nigricans***<br>Wulp, 1899 | |
|


title: Macroconstrictolumina

abstract: Macroconstrictolumina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has four species.

text:
# Macroconstrictolumina

***Macroconstrictolumina*** is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has four species.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2020 by lichenologists Robert Lücking, Ricardo Miranda-González, and André Aptroot. The genus name refers to its large ascospores. Three of the four species were previously in the genus *Constrictolumina*. *Macroconstrictolumina* is a sister taxon to *Bogoriella*, and all three genera are in the family Trypetheliaceae.

## Description

The thallus, which is the vegetative body of the lichen, is typically whitish and lacks a cortex. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the green algae *Trentepohlia*, which serves as its photobiont.

The ascomata, or spore-producing structures, of these fungi are usually singular but can sometimes be found in clusters. They are slightly raised or prominently emerging from the thallus, featuring a carbonised, hard outer layer. The opening of the ascomata, known as the ostiole, is typically at the top but occasionally found on the side. The involucrellum, a protective layer surrounding the ascomata, is also carbonised.

The excipulum, which is the outer tissue layer of the ascomata, is made up of tightly interwoven cells, appearing brownish to colourless beneath the surface. The hamathecium, which is the tissue filling the cavity of the ascomata, consists of very thin, hyaline (transparent), branched, and interconnecting filaments called pseudoparaphyses, all set in a gel-like substance.

The asci, or spore-bearing cells, are club-shaped, short-stalked, and open via a fissitunicate mechanism, meaning they have a double wall that splits to release spores. Each ascus typically contains two to eight spores and features a non-staining ocular chamber at its tip.

The ascospores are spindle-shaped to ellipsoid, colourless, and have one to three cross-walls (septa) with occasional secondary constrictions in each cell. They often have a granular surface texture, are slightly pinched at the septa, and surrounded by a gel-like sheath. The spores are medium-sized, generally measuring 30–50 μm in length and 10–16 (sometimes up to 24) μm in width. However, in one species, *M. lyrata*, the spores are somewhat smaller. The reproductive structures known as pycnidia have not been observed in this genus. Chemical analysis using thin-layer chromatography has not detected any lichen products in these species.

## Habitat and distribution

*Macroconstrictolumina* consists of lichen-forming fungi that predominantly inhabit terrestrial, lowland to lower montane tropical regions, often growing on bark.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Macroconstrictolumina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Trypetheliales |
| Family: | Trypetheliaceae |
| Genus: | *Macroconstrictolumina*
Lücking, R.Miranda & Aptroot (2020) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Macroconstrictolumina malaccitula*
(Nyl.) Lücking, R.Miranda & Aptroot (2020) | |
| Species | |
| *M. lyrata*
*M. majuscula*
*M. malaccitula*
*M. megalateralis* | |


title: Eva O'Flaherty

abstract: Eva O'Flaherty was an Irish nationalist, Parisienne model, patron of the arts and London milliner who founded a successful knitting industry on Achill Island.

text:
# Eva O'Flaherty

**Eva O'Flaherty** (31 March 1874 – 17 April 1963) was an Irish nationalist, Parisienne model, patron of the arts and London milliner who founded a successful knitting industry on Achill Island.

## Early life

O'Flaherty was born to Martin O'Flaherty and Mary Frances Barbara O'Gorman Lalor O'Gorman, strongly nationalist Catholics, in Caherlistrane's Lisdonagh House, County Galway.

Her father was involved in the John Mitchel Treason Felony trial in 1848, for the defence. Her mother was the daughter of Daniel O'Connell's colleague, Richard O'Gorman. Her uncle Richard was a Young Irelander and her granduncle was Purcell O'Gorman, O'Connell's 'second' for the 1815 duel with John D'Esterre, in which the latter was killed.

In her youth, O'Flaherty lived in Limerick but her secondary schooling was in Mount Anville Secondary School and Alexandra College. When she had finished school O'Flaherty went to Paris to study millinery. It was there she met and made friends with Constance Markievicz. She then opened a millinery shop in London.

## Nationalism and Achill

In 1910 O'Flaherty moved to Achill where she opened St Colman’s Knitting Industries. These were based in Dooagh and provided local employment for women of the area for fifty years. She also was part of the founding of Scoil Acla, with Darrell Figgis, Colm O’Loughlainn, and Anita McMahon. Unlike other founders of Scoil Acla, O'Flaherty stayed living on the island the rest of her life. Figgis was leader of the Irish Volunteers in Achill in April 1916. She was connected to other well-known members of Ireland's nationalist movement. By 1914, O'Flaherty was a member of Cumann na mBan with Louise Gavan Duffy. During the Easter Rising she was part of the group known as "basket women" carrying messages through the city by bicycle. She remained friends with many of her nationalist acquaintances for the rest of her life.

After the rising O'Flaherty returned to Achill. Her life in Paris and London, where for a time she had had a millinery shop, meant she had made a significant number of connections in artistic circles. As a result, people like the artists Paul Henry and Marie Howet and the writers Heinrich Böll and Graham Greene would visit her often.

O'Flaherty died on 17 April 1963 aged 89.  President Éamon de Valera sent Senator Mark Killilea to give the oration. She was buried in Donaghpatrick graveyard, her coffin draped with a tricolour and given military honours. Her biography was written in 2012 by Mary J. Murphy. A portrait of O'Flaherty created in 1947 Derek Hill is part of the Hugh Lane collection.

## InfoBox

| Eva O'Flaherty | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Eva O’Flaherty
31 March 1874
County Galway, Ireland |
| Died | 17 April 1963 (aged 89) |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Known for | Activist, arts patron, milliner |


title: Ma Xinyi

abstract: Ma Xinyi, courtesy name Gushan (穀山), art names Yanmen (燕門) and Tiefang (鐵舫), posthumous name Duanmin (端敏), was an ethnic Hui official and military general of the Qing dynasty of China. Along with other prominent figures, including Hu Linyi and Guanwen, Ma raised the Green Standard Army to fight against the Taiping Rebellion and restore the stability of Qing dynasty. This set the scene for the era later known as the Tongzhi Restoration. His assassination symbolized the serious conflict between the Xiang Army and the Green Standard Army, both of which fought for the Qing dynasty.

text:
# Ma Xinyi

**Ma Xinyi** (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ سٍ ىِ, traditional Chinese: 馬新貽; simplified Chinese: 马新贻; pinyin: *Mǎ Xīnyí*; Wade–Giles: *Ma Hsin-I*; November 3, 1821August 23, 1870), courtesy name **Gushan** (穀山), art names **Yanmen** (燕門) and **Tiefang** (鐵舫), posthumous name **Duanmin** (端敏), was an ethnic Hui official and military general of the Qing dynasty of China.

Along with other prominent figures, including Hu Linyi and Guanwen, Ma raised the Green Standard Army to fight against the Taiping Rebellion and restore the stability of Qing dynasty. This set the scene for the era later known as the Tongzhi Restoration. His assassination symbolized the serious conflict between the Xiang Army and the Green Standard Army, both of which fought for the Qing dynasty.

## Early life

Born as a native of Heze, Shandong (荷澤) in 1821, he had successfully passed the imperial examinations at the age of 26 (1847), a prestigious achievement in China. He earned the *Jinshi* degree, the highest level in the civil service examinations, which led to his appointment to the Hanlin Academy, a body of outstanding Chinese literary scholars who performed literary tasks for the imperial court.

## Assassination

Ma Xinyi was later appointed as the governor-general of Liangjiang, a region comprising the provinces of Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu in 1868. He proved to be an able administrator, distinguishing himself with his capability to manage tensions with foreigners. This was demonstrated when Ma Xinyi addressed the problem of kidnapping in his area, which effectively averted anti-foreign riots, particularly in the area of the Yangzi delta.

Two years later, in 1870, Ma Xinyi was assassinated and his killer was immediately caught. The assassin was identified as Wan Qingxuan (Zhang Wenxiang), who was executed in the marketplace after a trial presided by Wan Qingxuan of Nanchang. Some sources state that he was the governor's former companion. Many historical rumours implicated the Empress Dowager Cixi in Ma Xinyi's death. This is aligned with the speculation that Ma Xinyi's assassination was due to the conflict between the imperial army and the Xiang militia, the group that played an important role in the suppression of the Taiping Rebellion.

## InfoBox

| Ma Xinyi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Viceroy of Liangjiang | |
| **In office**
6 September 1868  23 August 1870 | |
| Preceded by | Zeng Guofan |
| Succeeded by | Zeng Guofan |
| Viceroy of Min-Zhe | |
| **In office**
12 January 1868  6 September 1868 | |
| Preceded by | Wu Tang |
| Succeeded by | Yin Gui |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1821-11-03)November 3, 1821
Heze, Shandong, Qing China |
| Died | August 23, 1870(1870-08-23) (aged 48)
Jiangning, Jiangsu, Qing China |
| Education | *Jinshi* degree in the Imperial Examination |
|  | |