title: Kissin U

abstract: "Kissin U" is a song by American recording artist Miranda Cosgrove, released as the sole single from her debut studio album, Sparks Fly. Cosgrove co-wrote the song with Claude Kelly and Dr. Luke; the latter also co-produced it with Ammo. It was released on digital download format on March 22, 2010, and to mainstream radio on May 11, 2010. The song was well received critically and was a moderate chart success. The song is her first to enter the U.S. Mainstream Top 40 chart, where it peaked at number 19. The single peaked at number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also charted in several international music charts, including Germany and Austria. The song appeared on the 2010 compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 35.

text:
# Kissin U

"**Kissin U**" is a song by American recording artist Miranda Cosgrove, released as the sole single from her debut studio album, *Sparks Fly*. Cosgrove co-wrote the song with Claude Kelly and Dr. Luke; the latter also co-produced it with Ammo. It was released on digital download format on March 22, 2010, and to mainstream radio on May 11, 2010.

The song was well received critically and was a moderate chart success. The song is her first to enter the U.S. Mainstream Top 40 chart, where it peaked at number 19. The single peaked at number 54 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. It also charted in several international music charts, including Germany and Austria. The song appeared on the 2010 compilation album *Now That's What I Call Music! 35*.

## Background

"Kissin U" was first announced in late February 2010. The single was previewed on Ryan Seacrest's radio show, *On Air with Ryan Seacrest* on March 12, 2010, and was released on digital download format on March 22, 2010. During an interview with MTV about the song, Cosgrove stated that

> \[...\] "The song's about your first love or thinking you're falling in love, so it's just kind of a really happy, sweet song. I did write it about a guy, and I'm afraid he might have heard it and he's going to figure it out!"

During the same interview, Cosgrove stated the song provided her with the inspiration to title her debut album *Sparks Fly*, saying that "The reason I ended up naming it *Sparks Fly* \[is because\] those are the first two words you hear when you pop my album in." The single was released for radio airplay on May 11, 2010. On June 29, 2010 a remix EP containing three remixes of the song was released for digital download.

## Critical reception

Idolator.com praised the song and compared it to releases by Kesha, and noted that the song "is a zippy if cookie-cutter pop song—not terribly exciting or risky, but with enough listens you'll find yourself singing along with the chorus." Commonsensemedia praised the song's "purely poppy sounds and Cosgrove's limitless enthusiasm" but was also critical of the song's lyrics.

The song ranked number eighty-eight on Bill Lamb's List of Top 100 Songs of 2010.

## Commercial performance

"Kissin U" peaked at number 54 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. The song was also a top twenty hit on the US Mainstream Top 40 chart. On January 14, 2011, it was announced that "Kissin U" had been certified gold by RIAA for sales of over 500,000 units. The song peaked at number 67 in Germany and at number 51 in Austria.

## Promotion and performances

Cosgrove performed "Kissin U" live at the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards pre-show. On September 6, 2010, she performed "Kissin U" on *Today*.

## Music video

The music video was shot in Santa Monica, California and debuted on March 19, 2010. It was directed by Alan Ferguson. The video shows Cosgrove on the beach singing and walking, to meet her love interest who is a sidewalk artist. They go to his house and she sees all the paintings he has painted, as well as trying to teach her how to draw, and later washing his car in front of her house, she splashes him with the hose and he chases her around the car. Later they are seen at a party where it seems they kiss. When she wakes up that morning she looks out the window to see a drawing of a butterfly with images of her and him in the wings on the sidewalk.

## Track listing

* **Digital download**

1. "Kissin U" – 3:18

* **CD and digital download (2-track)**

1. "Kissin U" – 3:19
2. "Kissin U" (Mike Rizzo extended club remix) – 5:56

* **Digital download (remix EP)**

1. "Kissin U" (Jason Nevins radio remix) – 3:11
2. "Kissin U" (Mike Rizzo radio remix) – 3:08
3. "Kissin U" (Smash Mode radio remix) – 3:22

## Charts

Chart performance for "Kissin U"
| Chart (2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 51 |
| Canada CHR/Top 40 (*Billboard*) | 37 |
| Canada Hot AC (*Billboard*) | 48 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 67 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 54 |
| US Adult Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 36 |
| US Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 19 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Kissin U"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Kissin U"
| Region | Date | Format | Version(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | March 22, 2010 | Digital download | Original | Sony |  |
| | | | | Austria |  |
| | | | | Canada |  |
| | | | | New Zealand |  |
| | | | | Switzerland |  |
| | | | | United States |  |
| | May 11, 2010 | | Contemporary hit radio | Columbia |  |
| Austria | May 28, 2010 | Digital download | * Original * Mike Rizzo extended club remix | Sony |  |
| | | | | Germany |  |
| | | | | Switzerland |  |
| United States | | June 29, 2010 | | Remix EP |  |
| Germany | July 9, 2010 | CD | | * Original * Mike Rizzo extended club remix |  |

## InfoBox

| "Kissin U" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Miranda Cosgrove | |
| from the album  *Sparks Fly* | |
| Released | March 22, 2010 |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:18 |
| Label | Sony |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Miranda Cosgrove singles chronology | |
| "About You Now"
(2009) "**Kissin U**"
(2010) "Dancing Crazy"
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Kissin U" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Judicial Consent

abstract: Judicial Consent is a 1994 American thriller film written and directed by William Bindley and starring Bonnie Bedelia, Billy Wirth, Lisa Blount, Will Patton and Dabney Coleman. The plot is

text:
# Judicial Consent

***Judicial Consent*** is a 1994 American thriller film written and directed by William Bindley and starring Bonnie Bedelia, Billy Wirth, Lisa Blount, Will Patton and Dabney Coleman.

The plot is

## Cast

## Release

The film was released on October 21, 1994 at the Hamptons International Film Festival.

## Reception

Caren Weiner Campbell of *Entertainment Weekly* graded the film a B.

## InfoBox

| Judicial Consent | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | William Bindley |
| Written by | William Bindley |
| Produced by | * Douglas Curtis * Mark W. Koch |
| Starring | Bonnie Bedelia
Billy Wirth
Lisa Blount
Will Patton
Dabney Coleman |
| Cinematography | James Glennon |
| Edited by | William Hoy |
| Music by | Christopher Young |
| Production
company | Prelude Pictures |
| Distributed by | Rysher Entertainment |
| Release date | * October 21, 1994 (1994-10-21) (Hamptons) |
| Running time | 101 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Premio Nacional de Música de Cuba

abstract: The Premio Nacional de Música is a Cuban cultural award, inaugurated in 1997 and presented annually by the Instituto Cubano de la Música. The prize honours Cuban musicians who live in Cuba for their contributions to the national music scene. It forms part of a range of awards under the rubric of Premios Nacionales de Cuba.

text:
# Premio Nacional de Música de Cuba

The **Premio Nacional de Música** is a Cuban cultural award, inaugurated in 1997 and presented annually by the Instituto Cubano de la Música. The prize honours Cuban musicians who live in Cuba for their contributions to the national music scene. It forms part of a range of awards under the rubric of Premios Nacionales de Cuba.

## List of winners

| Year | Winner |
| --- | --- |
| 2017 | José Luis Cortés |
| 2016 | Enrique Alberto Bonne Castillo |
| 2015 | Beatriz Márquez Castro |
| 2015 | Guido López-Gavilán |
| 2014 | Leonardo Acosta Sánchez |
| 2014 | Sergio Vitier García Marruz |
| 2013 | César Pedroso Fernández |
| 2013 | Ángel Adriano Rodríguez Bolaños |
| 2012 | Roberto Arturo Carcassés Cuza |
| 2011 | Wilfredo Salvador Naranjo Verdecia |
| 2010 | Francisco Leonel Amat Rodríguez |
| 2009 | Teresa Fernández García |
| 2008 | Juan Adalberto Cecilio Álvarez Zayas |
| 2007 | Martha Emilia Valdés González |
| 2006 | Omara Portuondo Peláez |
| 2006 | Digna Guerra Ramírez |
| 2006 | María Teresa Linares Savio |
| 2006 | Federico Arístides Soto Alejo |
| 2006 | Roberto Valera Chamizo |
| 2006 | Juana Rivero Casteleiro |
| 2005 | Pablo Milanés Arias |
| 2005 | María Antonieta Henríquez González |
| 2005 | Rosalía Palet Bonavia |
| 2005 | Francisco Fernández Tamayo |
| 2004 | Narciso César Portillo de la Luz |
| 2004 | Adolfo A. Fernández González |
| 2004 | Jorge Luis Prats Soca |
| 2004 | Alfredo Diez Nieto |
| 2004 | Silvio Rodríguez Domínguez |
| 2003 | Juan Climaco Formell Cortina |
| 2003 | Luis Mariano Carbonell Pullés |
| 2003 | Celina González Zamora |
| 2003 | Manuel Duchesne Cuzán |
| 2003 | Domingo Faustino Aragú Rodríguez |
| 2003 | Lázaro Ross |
| 2002 | Juan Pedro Blanco Rodríguez |
| 2002 | Harold Gramatges Leyte-Vidal |
| 2001 | Eduardo Ricardo Egües Martínez |
| 2001 | Esther María de la Caridad Borja Lima |
| 2001 | Electo Silva Gaínza |
| 1998 | Dionisio Jesús Valdés Rodríguez |
| 1998 | Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida |
| 1997 | Isaac Noel Nicola Romero |


title: Kissing Coppers

abstract: Kissing Coppers is a Banksy stencil that pictures two British policemen kissing. It was originally unveiled on the wall of The Prince Albert pub in Brighton in 2004. It gained significant attention due to Banksy's notoriety as a provocative street artist and activist. Kissing Coppers has frequently been regarded as one of Banksy’s most notable works, so much so that it was selected as the most iconic British piece of art at The Other Art Fair in London.

text:
# Kissing Coppers

***Kissing Coppers*** is a Banksy stencil that pictures two British policemen kissing. It was originally unveiled on the wall of The Prince Albert pub in Brighton in 2004. It gained significant attention due to Banksy's notoriety as a provocative street artist and activist. *Kissing Coppers* has frequently been regarded as one of Banksy’s most notable works, so much so that it was selected as the most iconic British piece of art at The Other Art Fair in London.

## Description

The two police officers are painted in black and white. Both individuals are shown in full uniform with evident handcuffs and a baton around their respective belts. This portrayal of same-sex intimacy is a common feature of art dating as far back as the 16th century in Michelangelo’s Sistine Ceiling.

Another significant element of *Kissing Coppers* is its strategic placement. Location is a crucial component of Banksy’s work as it oftentimes adds additional information concerning the message. This particular image resides in Brighton, England. Brighton is a lively city which has been referred to as the LGBTQ+ Capital of the UK. Approximately 11-15% of the seaside city are gay or bisexual. In addition, the city is home to the UK's largest pride celebration each year. Brighton’s rich history with the LGBTQ community dating as far back as the Napoleonic Wars in 1803, has allowed *Kissing Coppers* to become a cultural staple of the city and its unique population.

## Materials

*Kissing Coppers* is an example of stencil graffiti, which is a quick method for erecting images onto large surfaces, which for Banksy is necessary to keep his anonymity. Due to the speed and ease of stencil graffiti, it is typically the message rather than the critical artistic design components that are most significant to the work. Artists who practice stencil graffiti typically utilize easily recognizable figures placed in deliberate locations in a ploy to orient public attention and conversation to their intended political or social message. In this way, Guido Indij has remarked that stencil graffiti is not an art form in and of itself, but rather a political technique.

In *Kissing Coppers*, as well as many other Banksy pieces, iconic figures and images are not simply displayed, but rather deconstructed and juxtaposed into an atypical context oftentimes delivering a critique of an aspect of our society. In this way, graffiti has evolved tremendously from its origins of profane messages and slurs scribbled on buildings. Concerning the evolution and variation in street art, Banksy himself has remarked “Some of it will be pretty elaborate and some will just be a scrawl on a toilet wall.”

## Removal and sale

The evocative piece received considerable damage due to repeated vandalism. These attacks were indicative of the country's attitude toward homosexuality at the time with London police reporting a 28% increase in homophobic hate crimes over the previous four years as of 2011.

Due to the consistent damaging assaults to *Kissing Coppers*, Prince Albert Pub decided to have the piece removed and transferred to canvas, replacing it with a replica in 2008. The owner of the pub, Chris Steward, ultimately made the decision to sell the original. The sale occurred in February 2014 at an auction in Miami. It was sold for $575,000, which was considered relatively low based on previous estimates of it selling for closer to $700,000. The pub utilized the money from the sale to continue functioning in a competitive bar market.

There was considerable backlash resulting from the sale. Many argued against the Pub’s decision advocating that the removal of *Kissing Coppers* was not only a devastating loss for the vibrant community of Brighton, but also a hypocrisy to the purpose of street art. Banksy, as a widely known and admired artist, could easily just create and sell his work privately for considerable sums of money, but instead he continues to pursue public street art. Therefore, some scholars see it as a wrongdoing to privatize what is deliberately meant for the masses.

## Interpretations

Given the identity of Banksy is unknown, there is oftentimes significant speculation around the message behind his conceptions with *Kissing Coppers* being no exception. Primarily, scholars seem to disagree on whether the principal message of the work is one of advocation for the public acceptance of homosexuality or rather a simple mockery of authority and law enforcement officers. Those who believe the latter to be the case point to the way in which Banksy’s portrays other authority figures in his art. For example, similarly to Kissing Coppers, Banksy has created stencils depicting Queen Victoria as lesbian. According to this interpretation, Banksy simply uses homosexuality as an example of a common identity for which people are discriminated against to call into question the moral and societal authority of individuals such as policemen and the Queen. In contrast, other scholars view *Kissing Coppers* as a revolutionary piece of art that aims to normalize and cultivate an increased societal acceptance of homosexuality.

## InfoBox

| Kissing Coppers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Banksy |
| Year | 2005 (2005) |
| Medium | Brick |
| Location | Brighton |
| Preceded by | Space Girl and Bird |
| Followed by | Untitled |
| Website | Banksy website |


title: Reticulated velvet gecko

abstract: The reticulated velvet gecko is a species of geckos endemic to Australia.

text:
# Reticulated velvet gecko

The **reticulated velvet gecko** (***Hesperoedura reticulata***) is a species of geckos endemic to Australia.

## InfoBox

| Reticulated velvet gecko | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Diplodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Hesperoedura*
Oliver, Bauer, Greenbaum, Jackman & Hobbie, 2012 |
| Species: | ***H. reticulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hesperoedura reticulata***
Bustard, 1969 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oedura reticulata* * *Amalosia reticulata* | |


title: Kirameki Project

abstract: Kirameki Project is an anime/original animated video (OAV) that was produced by Studio Fantasia and directed by Katsuhiko Nishijima.

text:
# Kirameki Project

***Kirameki Project*** (きらめき☆プロジェクト, *Kirameki Purojekuto*) is an anime/original animated video (OAV) that was produced by Studio Fantasia and directed by Katsuhiko Nishijima.

## Plot

Gene, a small European island country, is under constant threat of invasion from its neighboring countries using giant robots. Gene is ruled by three princesses, Kana, Nene and Krone. Krone, the eldest princess, has a team of men who are happy to fight for her but they do not. Nene, the youngest daughter, wears a special outfit that allows her to fight. Kana, the middle child, has designed a secret weapon; the fighter robot Junerin, a 60-meter (200 ft) tall robot that resembles a petite French doll. When a robot from Japan appears and wants to battle Junerin, Kana did not want Junerin to fight but it must do so to save the country. Several days after continuing invasions from the Japanese robot, Kana befriends Ooya, and engineer who also previously had fears of robots fighting. After Ooya's failed attempt to defeat Junerin, his boss, Shimada decides to fight her for real. Kana stops worrying about being a coward and fights back by manually controlling Junerin, which was autonomous throughout her fights. Kana defeats Shimada and his "perfect" robot and peace is returned to the kingdom.

## Characters

* Princess Krone:
* Princess Kana Else Gene: The middle child.
* Princess Nene:
* Rincle: A robotic creation of Kana.
* Junerin: The 60-meter (200 ft) tall robot creation of Kana, the "little sister" of Rincle.

## Reception

In his first of two reviews of *Kirameki Project*, Theron Martin of Anime News Network called *Kirameki Project* a "a cutesy, quirky, fan service-laden giant robot series, one clearly made by hard-core otaku for hard-core otaku". In his review of the last two episodes he commented favorably on the dramatic elements. In his Newtype USA review, Sean Sikes commented favourably on the animation techniques, stating, "the effect is stunning and adds a great visual punch to all the action–packed fight sequences". Chris Beveridge and Mark Thomas gave *Kirameki Project* a "C" in their lukewarm reviews at Mania.com. Jeremy Mullin of IGN describes *Kirameki Project* as "one very weird show" and stated the giant robot Junerin "literally looks like a giant doll \[...\] complete with hair, a dress ... it even has an umbrella and a purse! \[...\] She even provides us with fan service, throwing in some panty shots."

## InfoBox

| Kirameki Project | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art of the DVD. | |
| きらめき☆プロジェクト
(*Kirameki Purojekuto*) | |
| Genre | Comedy, drama, mecha |
| Original video animation | |
| Directed by | Katsuhiko Nishijima |
| Produced by | Midori Isshiki
Kiyoshi Sugiyama |
| Written by | Hiroshi Yamaguchi |
| Music by | Koichiro Kameyama |
| Studio | Studio Fantasia |
| Licensed by | AnimeWorks |
| Released | June 24, 2005  February 24, 2006 |
| Episodes | 5 |


title: Prerogative

abstract: In law, a prerogative is an exclusive right bestowed by a government or state and invested in an individual or group, the content of which is separate from the body of rights enjoyed under the general law. It was a common facet of feudal law. The word is derived from Old French prerogative (14c.), M.L. prerogativa "special right", from Latin praerogativa "prerogative, previous choice or election", originally "100 voters who by lot voted first in the Roman comitia", from praerogativus (adj.) "chosen to vote first".

text:
# Prerogative

In law, a **prerogative** is an exclusive right bestowed by a government or state and invested in an individual or group, the content of which is separate from the body of rights enjoyed under the general law. It was a common facet of feudal law. The word is derived from Old French *prerogative* (14c.), M.L. *prerogativa* "special right", from Latin *praerogativa* "prerogative, previous choice or election", originally (with tribus, centuria) "100 voters who by lot voted first in the Roman comitia", from *praerogativus* (adj.) "chosen to vote first".

## Topics


title: Kita-Nakagomi Station

abstract: Kita-Nakagomi Station is a train station in the city of Saku, Nagano, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Kita-Nakagomi Station

**Kita-Nakagomi Station** (北中込駅, *Kita-Nakagomi-eki*) is a train station in the city of Saku, Nagano, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Kita-Nakagomi Station is served by the Koumi Line and is 68.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kobuchizawa Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. There is no station building, but only a shelter on the platform. The station is unattended.

## History

Kita-Nakagomi Station opened on 8 August 1915 as the 久保停留所 (***Kubo Stop***). It was elevated to a full station on 1 September 1934, and renamed to its present name on 1 March 1944. With the dissolution and privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Surrounding area

* Saku City Hall

## InfoBox

| Kita-Nakagomi Station
北中込駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Namezu Station, October 2009 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3230 Namezu, Saku-shi, Nagano-ken 385-0051
Japan |
| Coordinates | 36°15′17″N 138°28′35″E / 36.2548°N 138.4764°E / 36.2548; 138.4764 |
| Elevation | 692.4 meters |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Koumi Line |
| Distance | 68.4 km from Kobuchizawa |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 8 August 1915 |
| Previous names | Kubo Station (to 1944) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2011 | 282 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  Iwamuradatowards Komoro  Koumi Line  Namezutowards Kobuchizawa | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Kita-Nakagomi StationLocation within Nagano PrefectureKita-Nakagomi StationKita-Nakagomi Station (Japan) | |


title: Prerow

abstract: Prerow is a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. This Baltic seaside resort on the Darß peninsula is located about halfway between the historic Hanseatic towns of Rostock and Stralsund. It is one of three main settlements on the Darß, the others being the villages of Born and Wieck. Prerow has fine, sandy beaches and a picturesque landscape. It is hard to say where the forest ends and the village begins. The primeval Darß Forest has over 50 km of footpaths and cycle ways, a bridleway and tracks for horse-drawn carriages. West of the forest is West Beach with rugged terrain formed by wind and waves. South of Prerow is the bodden countryside. Visitors can take trips on a steam paddle boat and experience wildlife first-hand, nesting areas and various birds as the seasons change. The seaside resort of Prerow is located within the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park which stretches from Ahrenshoop along the southern coast to the island of Hiddensee. Prerow itself was a fishing village, but has now been a seaside resort for over 130 years. Thanks to its varied climatic environment with the sea, meadows, forest and reeds, combined with good water quality, it was always recognised as a health spa. In 1998, the Minister of Social and Economic Affairs officially recognized the village as a seaside and health resort.

text:
# Prerow

**Prerow** is a municipality in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. This Baltic seaside resort on the Darß peninsula is located about halfway between the historic Hanseatic towns of Rostock and Stralsund. It is one of three main settlements on the Darß, the others being the villages of Born and Wieck. Prerow has fine, sandy beaches and a picturesque landscape. It is hard to say where the forest ends and the village begins. The primeval Darß Forest has over 50 km of footpaths and cycle ways, a bridleway and tracks for horse-drawn carriages. West of the forest is West Beach with rugged terrain formed by wind and waves. South of Prerow is the *bodden* countryside. Visitors can take trips on a steam paddle boat and experience wildlife first-hand, nesting areas and various birds as the seasons change.

The seaside resort of Prerow is located within the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park which stretches from Ahrenshoop along the southern coast to the island of Hiddensee.

Prerow itself was a fishing village, but has now been a seaside resort for over 130 years. Thanks to its varied climatic environment with the sea, meadows, forest and reeds, combined with good water quality, it was always recognised as a health spa. In 1998, the Minister of Social and Economic Affairs officially recognized the village as a seaside and health resort.

## Sights

The village of Prerow, with over 1,600 inhabitants, has become the largest village on the Darß. Its typical thatched roof cottages are well-preserved and have long given the village a serene charm. Prerow boasts the oldest lighthouse in Germany; it celebrated its 160th anniversary in 2008. The other famous landmark, the "Seafarers' Church", is over 280 years old. It is the oldest building on the Darß peninsula, and was built in 1726/28. It is also the oldest Lutheran church in the region. It hosts Evangelical-Lutheran and Roman Catholic services as well as art exhibitions, guided tours, classical concerts and other special events.

The Darß Museum was founded in 1953 and various events are held here during the summer months. The museum displays the culture of the region, dominated by its countryside by the sea. Its exhibition contains information about geological history, traditional sailing boats, typical architectural style, flora and fauna. On Fridays, members of staff speak to all guests in the traditional local language, Low German.

## History of tourism

After the great storm surge of 1872, an intense development of tourism began. Within a few years the number of visitors had risen enormously. The publican, Herrmann Scharmberg, first organized simple swimming facilities. On 12 November 1878 he asked the royal government of Stralsund to establish a Baltic seaside spa. His request was granted. Two years later, in 1880, eighty visitors made their way to the village, which at the time had a population of approximately 1,550. The date is celebrated as the admission of Prerow into the circle of the Baltic resorts. In 2010, Prerow, as the second biggest resort in this region, celebrated 130 years as a seaside resort.

## InfoBox

| Prerow | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Aerial view of Prerow, peninsula of Darß | |
| Location of Prerow within Vorpommern-Rügen district | |
| Prerow Prerow | |
| Coordinates: 54°26′49″N 12°34′04″E / 54.44694°N 12.56778°E / 54.44694; 12.56778 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Vorpommern-Rügen |
| Municipal assoc. | Darß/Fischland |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Renè Roloff |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.17 km2 (4.31 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,492 |
| Density | 130/km2 (350/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 18375 |
| Dialling codes | 038233 |
| Vehicle registration | NVP |
| Website | www.ostseebad-prerow.de |


title: Kite (U2 song)

abstract: "Kite" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the fifth track on their 2000 album All That You Can't Leave Behind.

text:
# Kite (U2 song)

"**Kite**" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the fifth track on their 2000 album *All That You Can't Leave Behind*.

## Writing and recording

For three weeks in late 1998, U2 worked at Hanover Quay Studios with producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois in hopes of quickly developing new material for a studio album. With Eno on keyboards and Lanois on rhythm guitar and percussion, the six of them composed songs during jam sessions. Guitarist the Edge said that these group sessions did not produce many great ideas, resulting in him bringing in his own individual musical ideas for them to work on. One of these was a loop of a string section that inspired "Kite". After hearing the loop, the others quickly improvised the entirety of the song. During this process, lead singer Bono said his "voice returned" after several years of him suffering vocal difficulties. After hitting a high note when singing the line "I'm a man, I'm not a child", the others in the studio were taken aback. Bassist Adam Clayton called it a "memorable moment", saying, "I don't think we had heard that voice for a long time." With the song near completion, the band was not entirely satisfied and decided it "needed a twist". As a result, they edited in an additional section of the song and the Edge played a guitar solo on his 1964 Gretsch Country Gentleman, which he plugged into an Ampeg Scrambler distortion pedal and a Vox AC30 amplifier. According to him, the addition of the solo "really made that part of the song come alive".

The lyrics were inspired by a kite-flying outing on Killiney Hill overlooking Dublin Bay that Bono attempted with his daughters Jordan and Eve. The outing went quickly awry when the kite crashed and Eve asked if they could go home and play with their Tamagotchis. The Edge assisted Bono in writing the lyrics and felt they were actually about Bono's emotionally-reserved father, Bob Hewson, who was dying of cancer at the time. The Edge said, "\[Bono\] couldn't see it, but I could." Bono recalled a similarly ill-fated kite-flying outing in his own childhood with his father in the County Dublin seaside towns of Skerries or Rush.

## Composition and theme

The song was at first written with Bono's daughters in mind, or more generally, about a kite as a metaphor for someone or something escaping one's realm of control; the song is, more or less, about Bono realizing a day will come when his daughters will "no longer need him". During early promotional appearances Bono emphasized the song could be about letting go of any kind of relationship.

The music to "Kite" was equally evocative. The song begins with a string loop that the Edge had arranged. The verses feature the Edge playing a simple repeating slide guitar piece, while the chorus featuring an emphatic wail from Bono set against the Edge's churning guitar lines. The song concludes with an odd coda in reference to the new media. In concert the coda is sometimes repeated, with almost all instrumentation dropped out; Bono later said the coda was intended to pinpoint the narrative by "just setting it in time, saying that's the moment, and then leaving it behind you."

As is often the case with U2 songs, listeners heard various things from "Kite". *Rolling Stone* magazine saw it describing "the plight of a fraying couple; when Bono glimpses 'the shadow behind your eyes,' his lyric evokes the music's slanted conversations of melody and rhythm and guitar figures." *The New York Times* entitled their review of an Elevation Tour concert "Like a Kite, Grounded But Soaring to the Skies", and said the song was "music made after the fall," merging idealism with experience. A United Methodist Pastor in McGregor, Texas took the song's lines "I'm not afraid to die / I'm not afraid to live" and related it to his belief that Christians should not think of God as a stern judge and should not be afraid to live to the fullest, while a London memorial service honoring *The Door* magazine founder and religious figure Mike Yaconelli used it as the spiritual pivot of the service. Author Višnja Cogan partially echoed Edge's interpretation, seeing the duality of Bono's role as both father and son embodied in the song's interior climax "I'm a man, I'm not a child...."

## Live performances

During the band's Elevation Tour, "Kite" was played to a set of swirling images projected against a scrim above the stage, furthering the song's central theme. "Kite" took on an additional meaning later in 2001 on the tour, when Bono's father, Bob Hewson, died after a long bout with cancer. Bono would alter the line "The last of the rock stars" to "The last of the opera stars", a reference to Bob's past as an amateur opera singer. Bono paid tribute to him with a tearful rendition of this song on the live release, *U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle*, which depicts the band's memorable performance at Slane Castle, one day after Bob Hewson's funeral. Prior to the song, Bono fondly recalls his father and the Edge's father, Garvin Evans, walking down Madison Avenue late-night in New York City drunk together and singing "the duet from *The Silver Fish*".

"Kite" was played for the first time on the Vertigo Tour on 7 November 2006 in Brisbane, Australia, when the tour resumed after a long hiatus. It was also the first time that "Kite" has closed a concert, and was the regular closer on the Australian leg of the tour, while it also closed the first show in Auckland, New Zealand. A live version of the song from the Vertigo Tour, recorded in Sydney's Telstra Stadium on 11 November 2006, was released as a B-side to "Window in the Skies" on 1 January 2007. The live Australian version featured the use of didgeridoo (especially audible toward the end). The song has not been played since the Vertigo Tour but was rehearsed during the U2 360° Tour before the South African shows.

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| "Kite" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by U2 | |
| from the album  *All That You Can't Leave Behind* | |
| Released | 30 October 2000 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 4:23 |
| Label | Island, Interscope |
| Composer(s) | U2 |
| Lyricist(s) | Bono and the Edge |
| Producer(s) | Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno |
|  | |
| Audio sample | |
| "Kite" | |
|  | |


title: Press kit

abstract: A press kit, often referred to as a media kit in business environments, is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials that provide information about a person, company, organization or cause and which is distributed to members of the media for promotional use. Press kits are often distributed to announce a release or for a news conference.

text:
# Press kit

A **press kit**, often referred to as a **media kit** in business environments, is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials that provide information about a person, company, organization or cause and which is distributed to members of the media for promotional use. Press kits are often distributed to announce a release or for a news conference.

## Terminology

Traditionally, the term "press kit" referred to a set of documents, photographs (such as publicity stills) and other relevant materials packaged together, and such a kit was designed to be sent to a newspaper or magazine as part of an organisation's public relations or promotional program. Recently, as print media circulation and readership levels have been declining, marketing and PR people have begun using the broader term, "media kit", so that it now refers to any promotional material distributed to any media outlet.

A PR media kit should not be confused with an advertising media kit developed by a newspaper or magazine for distribution to prospective advertisers. Advertising media kits typically consist of documents outlining the print media's editorial philosophy, detailed profiles of the medium's audience, a rate card and information about forthcoming special features.

## Uses

The press kit or media kit is a public relations staple, and an integral part of a company's media relations activities.

Press kits are typically used for:

* Product launches
* New company launch
* Mergers and acquisitions
* News conferences
* Announcements of special events, industry trade shows or exhibitions
* Accompany a press release or media release
* Notify the media of any newsworthy event within a company's sphere of activities

## Common components

There is no universal guide to the elements that should be included in a press kit or media kit, but the following are common components:

* Backgrounder with historical information on the company or individual.
* Fact sheet listing specific features, statistics, or benefits.
* Biographies of key executives, individuals, artists, etc.
* Past press coverage
* Photos or other images (high resolution) of key executives, logos, products, etc.
* A press release detailing the current news the media kit is sent in reference to
* Media contact information (usually of a public relations department or spokesperson)
* A CD, DVD, software title, video, etc. as appropriate for the sender of the release
* Collateral advertising material, such as: postcard, flier, newspaper ad, etc.

### Band press kits

Musicians, including orchestras, bands and choral groups use media kits when launching a new album or when performing at a special event. Band press kits often have their own unique set of components, including:

* Band biography / History of the band
* CD or DVD
* Video
* Photos – colour or monotone (monotone (black and white) for newspapers; colour for other media)
* Press articles/ reviews
* Notable achievements
* Contact information for the band's label, manager, publicist, other representative and links to social media pages
* Discography (all previous albums and/or singles released by the band)
* \[Optional\] Equipment list (included when the kit is to be sent to a music venue)

### Sports media guides

## Electronic press kit (EPK)

An electronic press kit (EPK) is a press kit in electronic form. An EPK usually takes the form of a website or e-mail, though they can also be on CD or DVD. The press kit for the film *Sneakers* was accompanied by a floppy disk containing a custom program explaining the movie and was one of the first electronic press kits by a film studio. The first known EPK, as we know it today, premiered live on the web on January 8, 1995, and was invented and given the exact name electronic press kit or EPK by Andre Gray, the inventor of online music sales certifications and winner of The Johannes Gutenberg Inventor Prize. Gray's EPK featured a bio, audio clips, videos, photos, press, set list, basic technical requirements, and a calendar and featured R&B singer and songwriter Aaron Hall as the first artist ever to have an EPK created on their behalf.

### Distribution formats

Many companies make their electronic press kits available via the corporate website, where kits are typically offered in PDF format. An electronic press kit can be provided via a wide range of digital media and download options.

### Contents

The contents of an EPK media kit are similar to other types of media kit, but are likely to include a range of audio-visual material. Decisions about what to include in the EPK media kit will depend on the industry and target audience. As a general guide, an EPK in the music industry might contain the following:

* Biography
* Music clips (audio files, CD or DVD)
* High resolution press photos
* Forthcoming tour dates
* Promotional videos
* Offline website or website links, especially links to relevant social media and music websites
* Media reviews and interviews
* "RIYL" or "recommended if you like" list (list of artists in similar styles or genres)
* Contact information
* High resolution, colour photos or images of key executives, the company logo, products, etc.


title: Juliane von Schwellenberg

abstract: Juliane Elisabeth von Schwellenberg (1728–1797), also known as Madame Schwellenberg, was a bedchamber woman of the British queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was a well known and prominent profile within the British royal court, where she took a dominant position; von Schwellenberg was a favourite and confidant of Queen Charlotte, and handled access between the Queen and various supplicants, which gave her an important influence. She is frequently mentioned in contemporary satires, songs, memoirs, diaries and other writings, such as those of her colleague Fanny Burney.

text:
# Juliane von Schwellenberg

**Juliane Elisabeth von Schwellenberg** (1728–1797), also known as *Madame Schwellenberg*, was a bedchamber woman of the British queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was a well known and prominent profile within the British royal court, where she took a dominant position; von Schwellenberg was a favourite and confidant of Queen Charlotte, and handled access between the Queen and various supplicants, which gave her an important influence. She is frequently mentioned in contemporary satires, songs, memoirs, diaries and other writings, such as those of her colleague Fanny Burney.

## Life

Juliane von Schwellenberg, alongside Johanna Hagedorn, was selected to accompany Charlotte from Mecklenburg-Strelitz to her wedding in Great Britain in 1761. In the British royal household, she was given the shared office (with Hagedorn) as "keeper of the robes" with responsibility for the queen's wardrobe and dressing.

She was the intimate confidante of the queen and as such wielded immense influence within the royal court. She initially demanded that any supplicant of the queen seek her permission before being admitted. This caused a conflict at court, and the queen was eventually forced to promise the king and her mother-in-law that Schwellenberg would be given no special privileges, in order to prevent Schwellenberg from being sent home to Germany. Despite this, in practice Schwellenberg promoted or refused supplicants access to the queen and as such had great influence over who would be given the queen's patronage, and it was noted that she received supplicants for tea in her rooms. One of those to whom she gave her – and the queen's – patronage was the artist Carl von Imhoff, whom she introduced to the queen.

In 1785, Johanna Hagedorn, whom she shared her office with, was replaced by Fanny Burney. Schwellenberg mistreated and looked down upon Burney due to her work as a novelist, and when Burney's failing health forced her to retire in 1790, Schwellenberg joined the queen's efforts to prevent her retirement.

## Footnotes


title: President of Hunan University

abstract: The president of Hunan University is the highest academic official of Hunan University. The president is the chief executive, appointed by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE). The university's current president is Zhao Yueyu, formerly Dean of the Graduate School of Hunan University.

text:
# President of Hunan University

The **president of Hunan University** is the highest academic official of Hunan University. The president is the chief executive, appointed by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE).

The university's current president is Zhao Yueyu, formerly Dean of the Graduate School of Hunan University.

## Presidents of Hunan University

| Period | Year | President (English name) | President (Chinese name) | Alma mater | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hunan Higher Normal School | 1912–1914 | Feng Gaozhu | 凤高翥 |  |  |
| | 1914–1915 | Fu Dingyi | 符定一 | Peking University |  |
| | 1915–1916 | Wu Jiarui | 吴嘉瑞 |  |  |
| | 1916–1917 | Liu Zongxiang | 刘宗向 | Peking University |  |
| Hunan Public Polytechnic School | 1913–1923 | Bin Bucheng | 宾步程 | Technische Universität Berlin |  |
| | 1923–1926 | Yang Maojie | 杨茂杰 |  |  |
| Hunan Provincial University | February 2016–July 1926 | Li Daichen | 李待琛 | University of Tokyo
Harvard University |  |
| | August 1926–June 1927 | Lei Zhuhuan | 雷铸寰 |  |  |
| | June 1927–July 1929 | Ren Kainan | 任凯南 | University of London
Waseda University |  |
| | July 1929–August 1930 | Hu Yuantan | 胡元倓 | Hongwen Academy |  |
| | August 1930–March 1931 | Yang Zhuoxin | 杨卓新 | Harvard University
University of Wisconsin
University of Illinois
Syracuse University |  |
| | March 1931–October 1932 | Cao Dianqiu | 曹典球 |  |  |
| | October 1932–December 1935 | Hu Shuhua | 胡庶华 | Peking University |  |
| | December 1935–July 1937 | Huang Shiheng | 黄士衡 | Aiawa University
Columbia University |  |
| National Hunan University | July 1937–September 1940 | Pi Zongshi | 皮宗石 | University of Tokyo |  |
| | September 1940–August 1943 | Hu Shuhua | 胡庶华 | Peking University |  |
| | August 1943–February 1945 | Li Yuyao | 李毓尧 |  |  |
| | February 1945–June 1949 | Hu Shuhua | 胡庶华 | Peking University |  |
| Hunan University | July 1949–December 1949 | Yi Dingxin | 易鼎新 | University of Maine
Lehigh University |
| | December 1949–January 1953 | Li Da | 李达 | Beijing Normal University
University of Tokyo |  |
| | February 1953–July 1953 | Zhu Fan | 朱凡 | Shanghai University of Arts |  |
| Hunan Institute of Technology | May 1953–June 1958 | Liu Shiying | 柳士英 | Tokyo Institute of Technology |  |
| Hunan University | July 1959–September 1968 | Zhu Fan | 朱凡 | Shanghai University of Arts |  |
| | July 1978–March 1981 | Zhang Jian | 张健 |  |  |
| | March 1981–June 1982 | Zhu Fan | 朱凡 | Shanghai University of Arts |  |
| | June 1982–December 1987 | Cheng Wenshan | 成文山 | Wuhan University |  |
| | December 1987–July 1993 | Weng Zuze | 翁祖泽 | Harbin Institute of Technology |  |
| | July 1993–May 1999 | Yu Ruqin | 俞汝勤 | Saint Petersburg State University |  |
| | May 1999–April 2003 | Wang Kemin | 王柯敏 | Hunan University
ETH Zurich |  |
| | April 2003–July 2005 | Gu Shiwen | 谷士文 | Beijing Jiaotong University |  |
| | July 2005–September 2011 | Zhong Zhihua | 钟志华 | Hunan University |  |
| | September 2011–January 2016 | Zhao Yueyu | 赵跃宇 | Xiangtan University
Beijing Institute of Technology |  |
| | January 2016–present | Duan Xianzhong | 段献忠 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology |  |

## Communist Party secretaries of Hunan University

| Period | Year | Communist Party Secretary (English name) | Communist Party Secretary (Chinese name) | Alma mater | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hunan Institute of Technology | March 1956–March 1958 | Gao Shezi | 高舍梓 |  |  |
| | March 1958–August 1960 | Xu Qianli | 徐千里 |  |  |
| Hunan University | August 1960–September 1966 | Dai Yan | 戴彦 |  |  |
| | May 1970–June 1982 | Zhang Jian | 张健 |  |  |
| | June 1982–December 1985 | Yang Shijie | 杨世杰 |  |  |
| | December 1985–August 1993 |  | 赵里生 |  |  |
| | August 1993–April 2000 | Liu Guangdong | 刘光栋 | Tianjin University |  |
| | April 2000–January 2016 | Liu Keli | 刘克利 | Hunan University |  |
| | January 2016–June 2018 | Jiang Changzhong | 蒋昌忠 |  |  |
| | June 2018–present | Deng Wei | 邓卫 |  |  |


title: Kite (sailboat)

abstract: The Kite is an American sailboat that was designed by Carter Pyle as a one design racer and first built in 1965.

text:
# Kite (sailboat)

The **Kite** is an American sailboat that was designed by Carter Pyle as a one design racer and first built in 1965.

## Production

The design was built by Newport Boats in Newport Beach, California and Mobjack Manufacturing Corp. in Gloucester, Virginia starting in 1965, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Kite is a recreational sailing dinghy, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a single sail catboat rig, a slightly raked stem, an angled transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a daggerboard. It displaces 165 lb (75 kg).

The boat has a draft of 3.00 ft (0.91 m) with the centerboard extended and 5 in (13 cm) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

For sailing the design is equipped with boom vang and a center-boom-mounted mainsheet.

The design has a hull speed of 4.43 kn (8.20 km/h).

## Operational history

The boat was at one time supported by a class club that organized racing events, the *Kite Class*, but it is now inactive.

## InfoBox

Kite
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Development | |
| Designer | Carter Pyle |
| Location | United States |
| Year | 1965 |
| Builder(s) | Newport Boats
Mobjack Manufacturing Corp. |
| Role | One-design racer |
| Name | Kite |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 165 lb (75 kg) |
| Draft | 3.00 ft (0.91 m) with daggerboard down |
| Hull | |
| Type | monohull |
| Construction | fiberglass |
| LOA | 11.58 ft (3.53 m) |
| LWL | 10.92 ft (3.33 m) |
| Beam | 5.00 ft (1.52 m) |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | daggerboard |
| Rudder(s) | transom-mounted rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | cat rig |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | catboat |
| Mainsail area | 78.00 sq ft (7.246 m2) |
| Total sail area | 78.00 sq ft (7.246 m2) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Julien Belin

abstract: Julien Belin was a French composer and lutenist active in the second half of the 16th century; he died after 1584.

text:
# Julien Belin

**Julien Belin** was a French composer and lutenist active in the second half of the 16th century; he died after 1584.

## Biography

The only information about his life comes from the *Bibliothèque de La Croix Du Maine*, in which he is said to be a *Manceau*, therefore a native of Le Mans or surroundings in 1584 in the Maine.

His collection, published in 1556, gives René de Saint-François, archdeacon of Le Mans, as a probable protector, and shows him as a capable lutenist, developing his own style, notwithstanding the influence of lutenists Francesco Canova da Milano and Albert de Rippe.

## Works

In 1556, he published his *Premier livre contenant plusieurs motetz, chansons & fantasies reduictz en tabulature de leut* by Nicolas Du Chemin in Paris with a dedication to René de Saint-François. (read online here). Modern edition by Michel Renault: Éditions du CNRS, 1976 (series *Le Chœur des Muses : Corpus des luthistes français*).

The collection contains:

* Six very ornamented songs transcribed for the lute, by Jacques Arcadelt, Pierre Certon, Roger Pathie called Rogier (2) and Pierre Sandrin (2).
* A transcript of the motet *Cantate Domino* (Anonymous, not ornamented and probably attributable to Belin himself);
* A transcription of the song *Les Bourguignons* (same remarks);
* Seven fantasies, fairly short, two of which are described as "trio" and written in three parts. They are less ornamented than the transcriptions of the songs and written in a rigorous polyphony. Five of the fantasies have been taken up, grouped and in the same order, in the *Thesaurus musicus continens selectissima Alberti Ripae, Valentini Bacfari et aliorum praestantissimorum carmina ad usum chelys...* published in Louvain by Petrus Phalesius the Elder, publisher, in 1574.

The analysis of the pieces reveals that Belin was influenced by the style of Albert de Rippe (of whom he was perhaps a pupil).

## Discography

* Four pièces are recorded in *Julien Belin & Robert Meigret : compositeurs du Maine au XVIe siècle*, by the Ensemble vocal du Maine; Jean-Dominique Abrell, choir leader; Michel Amoric, lute. A CD in addition to the article Amoric 2002, quoted in reference.
* The *Second trio* is recorded in *La Magdalena: lute music of Renaissance France*, performed by Christopher Wilson. A CD Virgin Veritas, réf. B000005GGS, EAN 0724354514029 (2000).
* *Mille ans de musique*. Mastership of the Cathedral of Le Mans, dir. Philippe Lenoble. Pieces by Jehan Daniel, Jacques Peltier, Julien Belin, André Pechon, Innocent Boutry, Pierre Bouteiller and others. 1 CD Editions Art et Musique, 2006, réf. B00139P31G.

## Bibliography

* François Grudé de La Croix du Maine. *La Bibliothèque...* (1584). Reissue of Paris, 1772, ed. Rigoley de Juvigny.
* Michel Renault. "Julien Belin" in *Grove Dictionary of Music*, online edition.
* Michel Amoric, *Robert Meigret, Julien Belin : deux compositeurs manceaux de musique profane de la Renaissance*, *Revue historique et archéologique du Maine*, série 4, volume 2 (2002), (pp. 243–260).
* François Lesure and Geneviève Thibault de Chambure. *Bibliographie des éditions musicales publiées par Nicolas Du Chemin (1549-1576)*, *Annales musicologiques* 1 (1953) (pp. 269–273) + suppl.


title: Klaus-Günter Stade

abstract: Klaus-Günter Stade is a German former professional footballer. Stade made a total of 3 appearances in the Fußball-Bundesliga for Tennis Borussia Berlin during his playing career.

text:
# Klaus-Günter Stade

**Klaus-Günter Stade** (born 24 May 1953) is a German former professional footballer.

Stade made a total of 3 appearances in the Fußball-Bundesliga for Tennis Borussia Berlin during his playing career.

## InfoBox

Klaus-Günter Stade
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Klaus-Günter Stade | | |
| Date of birth | (1953-05-24) 24 May 1953 | | |
| Place of birth | Germany | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1976–1977 | Tennis Borussia Berlin | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Klaus-Jürgen Deuser

abstract: Klaus-Jürgen "Knacki" Deuser is a German presenter and comedian. He is known for his comedy show NightWash.

text:
# Klaus-Jürgen Deuser

**Klaus-Jürgen** "**Knacki**" **Deuser** (born 28 May 1962) is a German presenter and comedian. He is known for his comedy show *NightWash*.

## Biography

Deuser was born in 1962 in Kaiserslautern and grew up in Koblenz. After being involved in competitive sports (athletics 800–1500 m, 1981), he moved to Cologne, where he completed his business degree. In 1983, with Ralf Günther and Wolfgang Lüchtrath, he founded the comedy theatre group, The Niegelungen; they recorded more than 1,500 performances in the next eleven years.

Between 1987 and 2001, Deuser studied acting with Susan Batson and directing with Phil Bach. In 1992, Deuser made his directorial debut with *A Midsummer Night's Dream* in Koblenz. The following year, Deuser participated in the RTL show as MC and in 1995 won first prize in the Koblenz Children's Theatre Festival. After the foundation of the music project Saint Pank, Deuser took his first television and movie roles (*Assizes*, *Slim until Death*, *Ballermann*) in 1996 and was musical director for *Blood Brother*. In 1999, he was a regular member of the TV show *Zimmer frei!*. Deuser lived in New York for several months. He became known for the comedy project *NightWash*, which he founded in 2000. Since 2001, the comedy program has been shown on German TV (WDR, ARD, Comedy Central and at a festival); it is presented and produced by Deuser. In the show's original version, Deuser stood on a platform next to tumble dryers. Since November 2009, new episodes of *NightWash* have been televised as a festival.

Deuser and his company have produced CD and radio projects for comedians such as Mario Barth and Holger Müller, known for the role *Instructor Schmidt*. There were also productions at the German Stand Up Festival in Düsseldorf, as well as the production and presentation of the TV show *Comedy-Rotation* (WDR 2005). In 2003 and 2005, he was Head Coach of the TV show *Star Search*. In 2005/06, he designed and moderated the show *Ab in die Bütt* (WDR).

In November 2009, Deuser published his first book, *How to be funny ... and can you live better?*. In 2012, he made his debut as Büttenredner in the Cologne and Düsseldorf carnival. He appeared in ARD's nationally broadcast television show *Düsseldorf Helau!* and the WDR and carnival show *Blötschkopp Rampensäue*.


title: Judith Potashkin

abstract: Judith Ann Potashkin is an American professor at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. She is best known for her research on diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

text:
# Judith Potashkin

**Judith Ann Potashkin** is an American professor at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. She is best known for her research on diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

## Education and career

Potashkin has an undergraduate degree from Lehigh University (1977), and an M.S. in from Pennsylvania State University where she worked on the connection between ribosomal RNA synthesis and viruses. In 1985, Potashkin earned her Ph.D. from the State University of New York at Buffalo working on residual nuclei in yeast. Following her Ph.D. she was a postdoctoral scientist at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. She moved to Chicago Medical School in 1990 where she is a tenured professor.

## Research

Potashkin is known for her research on the role of RNA in neurodegenerative diseases. Her early research examined residual nuclei in *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*. She went on to examine the genes involved in RNA splicing and identified defects in RNA processing. Her research on Parkinson's disease includes defining biomarkers, characterizing dysregulated pathways, and assessing the role of nutrition. Her research also extends into investigations of Alzheimer's disease.

## Selected publications

## Awards and honors

Potashkin was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2020.

## InfoBox

| Judith Potashkin | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | State University of New York at Buffalo |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science |
| Thesis | *Isolation and characterization of residual nuclei from S̲a̲c̲c̲h̲a̲r̲o̲m̲y̲c̲e̲s̲ c̲e̲r̲e̲v̲i̲s̲i̲a̲e̲* (1985) |
|  | |


title: Kiyoto Furuta

abstract: Kiyoto Furuta was a dive bomber pilot in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. He flew Aichi D3A dive bomber from carrier Akagi during the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the Indian Ocean Raid, and later from carrier Shōkaku in both carrier battles during Solomon Islands Campaign, where he scored bomb hits on United States Navy (USN) carrier Enterprise on two separate occasions.

text:
# Kiyoto Furuta

**Kiyoto Furuta** (古田 清人, *Furuta Kiyoto*) was a dive bomber pilot in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. He flew Aichi D3A dive bomber from carrier *Akagi* during the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the Indian Ocean Raid, and later from carrier *Shōkaku* in both carrier battles during Solomon Islands Campaign, where he scored bomb hits on United States Navy (USN) carrier *Enterprise* on two separate occasions.

## Early career

Kiyoto Furuta was born in 1914 in Yamaguchi Prefecture to a poor farmer family with five children. In his youth, he often worked hard in the field to help his father. In order to escape the hard farming life, he volunteered for the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1931. He went through the training at Kure naval base and eventually became a mechanic. He aspired to become a pilot and passed a pre-test for naval pilot training. However, he was initially rejected during the physical exam due to a problem with his eardrum. The problem was eventually resolved after six months and he was then accepted for the naval pilot training program at Kasumigaura Air Group near Tokyo. He graduated from the 32nd class in 1936 and specialized in dive bombing.

In 1937, Furuta was first assigned to the 12th Air Group to fight in Central China before he was transferred to the newest carrier *Sōryū*. He was eventually promoted to Petty Officer. He wanted to leave the navy in order to pursue civil aviation career, however, Japan was about to enter the war with the United States and needed all available pilots. In October 1941, he was transferred to *Akagi* in preparation for the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

## Pacific War

During the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Petty Officer Furuta flew as pilot *Akagi's* dive bomber squadron leader (Hikōtaichō), Lieutenant Takehiko Chihaya. Since the US carriers, which were their intended targets, were not present at the time of the attack, they hit the battleships instead. The element of surprise was long gone by the time the second wave arrived, leading them to face an intense anti-aircraft fire. After releasing the bomb, Furuta's aircraft was hit in the left fuel tank and started leaking. He barely managed to return to *Akagi* before his fuel ran out.

In February 1942, Furuta took part in the Bombing of Darwin. In April, he participated in the Indian Ocean Raid, where he was part of the strike against the British carrier *Hermes*. By the time the *Akagi* pilots' turn arrived, the leading strike formation, under Lieutenant Commander Kakuichi Takahashi, had already effectively sunk *Hermes* with numerous bomb hits. Therefore, they attacked the Australian destroyer *Vampire* instead, sinking her within ten minutes.

During the Battle of Midway on 4 June 1942, Furuta was part of the strike force against the USN airfield and installations on Midway Atoll. On the way to the atoll, they were intercepted by a large group of Midway-based Marine fighters (six Grumman F4F Wildcats and 20 Brewster F2A Buffalos) led by Major Floyd B. Parks. In the ensuing air battle, four Nakajima B5N bombers and one Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter were shot down by the Americans. In return, two F4Fs and 13 F2As were shot down, while most of the remaining were damaged beyond airworthiness. Furuta and his group of dive bombers hit the Midway airfield and headed back to the IJN fleet. Upon returning, he witnessed the unsuccessful attack on IJN carriers by the Midway-based Marine Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers. After the attack was over, he landed on *Akagi*, which was preparing to launch a strike against the USN carrier detected in the North-East. However, before the preparation could be finished, *Akagi* was hit and set ablaze by a bomb dropped by Lieutenant Dick Best during the USN dive bomber attack. Furuta and the rest of the crew were given an order to abandon the ship and were evacuated.

In July 1942, Petty Officer Furuta was transferred to *Shōkaku*. He served as a pilot of dive bomber division leader (Buntaichō) Lieutenant Keiichi Arima. In late August 1942, *Shōkaku* participated in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. During the attack on USN carriers, Furuta was part of the first strike wave that consisted of 27 D3A dive bombers and 10 A6M Zero fighters, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Mamoru Seki (Hikōtaichō). Arima led one of the three divisions (chūtai), with nine dive bombers under his command. A USN Combat Air Patrol (CAP) of Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters intercepted the formation of dive bombers, but Furuta and Arima's division managed to escape into cumulonimbus clouds and approached the US carrier *Enterprise* unharmed. Furuta made a dive-bombing attack on *Enterprise* and released his 250-kilogram semi-AP bomb around an altitude of 500 meters. The bomb, the first ever to hit *Enterprise*, penetrated the starboard forward corner of her number 3 elevator aft and sliced through to the third deck before detonating inside the ship. After the attack, Lieutenant Arima instructed Furuta to remain north-west of the burning *Enterprise* to wait for the friendly Zero fighters in order to lead them back to the Japanese carriers. However, several USN fighters spotted their aircraft and started to pursue them. Furuta evaded the attackers by flying very close to the sea surface and eventually made it back to the IJN fleet after sunset. In the dark, he barely found *Shōkaku* before his fuel ran out.

In late October 1942, *Shōkaku* was again dispatched to the Solomon Islands to support the Imperial Japanese Army ground assault on Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. During the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, Furuta was again the pilot of Lieutenant Arima, whose division was part of Lieutenant Commander Seki's second strike wave that consisted of 27 D3A dive bombers and 5 A6M Zero fighters. Arima's division again attacked *Enterprise*. Furuta approached the carrier from astern and released the bomb at an altitude of between 450 and 500 meters and scored a hit. The 250-kilogram semi-AP bomb penetrated the center of the flight deck, around six meters from the forward edge, and detonated inside the carrier causing fires. They did not encounter any CAP on the way out and Arima instructed Furuta to climb to 6000 meters, where he could estimate the damage they had caused on *Enterprise*. Since a simultaneous USN strike damaged the flight deck of *Shōkaku*, Furuta was forced to land on *Zuikaku* upon return to the IJN fleet.

## Later career

After the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, Petty Officer Furuta was transferred to Usa Air Group in Ōita Prefecture on Kyushu and served as an instructor (together with his observer Lieutenant Arima). He was eventually promoted to Lieutenant (jg) and was considered for promotion to full Lieutenant. However, he refused the promotion as he wanted to retire from the navy to pursue his initial goal to become a civil aviation pilot. He survived the war but like many other former officers had trouble finding a job, since former officers were not allowed to hold public jobs in the post-war period according to the policy dictated by the Allies. He eventually settled on farming.

Notes Sources * "NHK戦争証言: 古田清人" (Interview) (in Japanese). Interviewed by NHK. 2009.
* 江間, 保 (1991). *急降下爆撃隊―日本海軍のヘルダイバー* (in Japanese). 今日の話題社. ISBN 4875651384.
* Lundstrom, John B. (2005a). *The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway* (New ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-471-X.
* Lundstrom, John B. (2005b). *First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942* (New ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-472-8.
* "Accounts - Keiichi Arima" (Interview). Interviewed by Joel Shepherd and Kan Sugahara.
* Tagaya, Osamu (2011). *Aichi 99 Kanbaku 'Val' Units*. Combat Aircraft #63. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1841769127.

Combat reports * 海軍大臣官房. 赤城飛行機隊戦闘行動調書 (Report). Japan Center for Asian Historical Records.
* 海軍大臣官房. 翔鶴飛行機隊戦闘行動調書 (Report). Japan Center for Asian Historical Records.

## InfoBox

| Kiyoto Furuta | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1914 (1914)
Yamaguchi Prefecture, Empire of Japan |
| Allegiance | Empire of Japan |
| Service/branch | Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJN) |
| Rank | Lieutenant (jg) |
| Unit | 12th Air Group
*Sōryū*
*Akagi*
*Shōkaku* |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Julian Charter School

abstract: Julian Charter School (JCS) is a publicly funded independent study charter school sponsored by the Julian Union Elementary District. Although the main office is in Julian, California, JCS serves over 2,000 students across San Diego, Riverside, Orange, and Imperial counties. Established in 2000, the school serves approximately 2,100 students in kindergarten through grade 12 via homeschooling or small academy locations.

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# Julian Charter School

**Julian Charter School** (JCS) is a publicly funded independent study charter school sponsored by the Julian Union Elementary District. Although the main office is in Julian, California, JCS serves over 2,000 students across San Diego, Riverside, Orange, and Imperial counties. Established in 2000, the school serves approximately 2,100 students in kindergarten through grade 12 via homeschooling or small academy locations.

## History

Julian Charter School was first established in November 1999 as a Kindergarten through 12th grade non-classroom based charter. In 2000, the school began gradually taking ownership of curriculum. By the 2002-2003 school year, it became a fully incorporated charter school. The school is currently accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

In the 2018-2019 school year, Julian Charter School possessed an 84% graduation rate.

## Campus

Though sponsored by Julian Union Elementary District, JCS has academy programs throughout the Southern California region. The programs are located in Temecula (previously Murrieta), Encinitas, Pine Valley, Alpine, and San Diego. The charter school system is limited to remain within the counties bordering the home county of San Diego.

## Curriculum

High school curriculum includes math, science, social studies and English. Online support is available in the form of asynchronous tutoring classes, discussion boards, and an online learning management system. High school students may choose either college prep (more rigorous classes preparing them for entrance into the UC and CSU system) or non-college prep course of study. For those students who have fallen behind their peers, Julian Charter School offers an onsite intensive program (INSITE) to help students succeed. In order to graduate, students must have 220 Carnegie Units, and must pass the CAHSEE (California High School Exit Exam). This school is publicly funded and fully credentialed to confer high school diplomas by the State of California and the Julian School District.

### Extracurricular activities

JCS has intramural sports programs for academy and home study students. Teams compete in flag football, soccer, and basketball.

### Ranking

In 2019, Julian Charter School in Julian, California was ranked 669th in a ranking of California's 3,523 public schools.

33°4′44″N 116°35′41″W / 33.07889°N 116.59472°W / 33.07889; -116.59472

## InfoBox

| Julian Charter School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1704 Cape Horn
Julian, California 92036
United States | |
| Information | |
| School type | Charter school |
| Established | 1999 |
| School district | Julian Union School District |
| CEEB code | 052929 |
| Director | Jennifer Cauzza |
| Teaching staff | 130 (as of 2009-10) |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Enrollment | 1,833 (as of 2007-08) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.3 (as of 2007-08) |
| Slogan | "The right choice for personalized learning" |
| Website | www.juliancharterschool.org |


title: Julius A. Wayland House

abstract: The Julius A. Wayland House is a historic house in Girard, Kansas. It was built in 1886, and it belonged to socialist publisher Julius Wayland, who committed suicide in the house in 1912. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

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# Julius A. Wayland House

The **Julius A. Wayland House** is a historic house in Girard, Kansas. It was built in 1886, and it belonged to socialist publisher Julius Wayland, who committed suicide in the house in 1912. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The house was built by Allen Bros. for John F. Moore in 1886, and it belonged to Sarah Flint from 1893 to 1896.

It was acquired by Etta Bevan Wayland in 1896. Her husband, Julius Wayland, was the publisher of *Appeal to Reason*, a socialist newspaper. He committed suicide in the house on November 11, 1912.

## Architectural significance

The house was designed in the Stick/Eastlake architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 21, 1976.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Julius A. Wayland House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The house in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Location | 721 North Summit, Girard, Kansas |
| Coordinates | 37°31′14″N 94°50′36″W / 37.52056°N 94.84333°W / 37.52056; -94.84333 (Julius A. Wayland House) |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| Built | 1886 (1886) |
| Built by | Allen Bros. |
| Architectural style | Stick/eastlake |
| NRHP reference No. | 76000819 |
| Added to NRHP | November 21, 1976 |


title: Kirouac

abstract:
Kirouac is a toponymic surname, and may refer to; Kirouac is a corruption of Kerouac that come from a lieu-dit found in Brittany like in Rosporden as Kerouac and in Lanmeur as Kervoac. It derives from the Breton ker which means village or area and gwak which means soft, ultimately meaning wet soil hamlet. It could also come from a corruption of kergoat. It is also found spelled as Kiroack, Kirouack, Kyrouac, Kéroac, Kérouac, Kerouac, Kervoac, Kerouack or Karouac. It is a common surname in Quebec.
  - Marie-Victorin Kirouac, Canadian member of Brothers of the Christian Schools and a noted botanist
  - Jean Louis Kirouac a.k.a. Jack Kerouac, American novelist and poet
  - Anne Renée a.k.a. Manon Kirouac - Québécois singer

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# Kirouac

**Kirouac** is a toponymic surname, and may refer to;

Kirouac is a corruption of Kerouac that come from a lieu-dit found in Brittany like in Rosporden as *Kerouac* and in Lanmeur as *Kervoac*. It derives from the Breton *ker* which means village or area and *gwak* which means soft, ultimately meaning *wet soil hamlet*. It could also come from a corruption of *kergoat*. It is also found spelled as Kiroack, Kirouack, Kyrouac, Kéroac, Kérouac, Kerouac, Kervoac, Kerouack or Karouac. It is a common surname in Quebec.

## Bibliography

* Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et prénoms de France (Albert Dauzat, Larousse Sélection, Librairie Larousse, 1969)

*


title: Julius A. Schmahl

abstract: Julius August Schmahl was a Minnesota politician, and a member of the Republican Party. He served nearly four decades in statewide elective office, as Minnesota's Secretary of State and Treasurer. He was a newspaper reporter and was the editor of the Redwood Falls Gazette newspaper.

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# Julius A. Schmahl

**Julius August Schmahl** (August 1, 1867  April 10, 1955) was a Minnesota politician, and a member of the Republican Party. He served nearly four decades in statewide elective office, as Minnesota's Secretary of State and Treasurer. He was a newspaper reporter and was the editor of the *Redwood Falls Gazette* newspaper.

## Biography

Julius A. Schmahl was born in Traverse de Sioux, Nicollet County, Minnesota on August 1, 1867.

A newspaper editor and publisher, Schmahl was first elected to statewide office in 1906, winning election as Secretary of State. He would serve twelve years, stepping down in 1921. Schmahl later ran for State Treasurer in 1926. He would hold the position for all but two years between 1927 and 1951.

He married Elizabeth T. Dunnington in February 1895. His daughter Julie was married to Arizona businessman and political candidate Fred Trump.

Schmahl retired from politics in 1951. He died in Saint Paul, Minnesota on April 10, 1955, at the age of 87.

## InfoBox

| Julius A. Schmahl | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 13th Minnesota Secretary of State | |
| **In office**
January 7, 1907  January 4, 1921 | |
| Governor | John A. Johnson
Adolph O. Eberhart
Winfield S. Hammond
J. A. A. Burnquist |
| Preceded by | Peter E. Hanson |
| Succeeded by | Mike Holm |
| 17th Minnesota State Treasurer | |
| **In office**
January 1927  January 1937 | |
| Governor | Theodore Christianson
Floyd B. Olson
Hjalmar Petersen |
| Preceded by | Edward W. Stark |
| Succeeded by | C. A. Halverson |
| 19th Minnesota State Treasurer | |
| **In office**
January 1939  January 1951 | |
| Governor | Harold E. Stassen
Edward J. Thye
Luther W. Youngdahl |
| Preceded by | C. A. Halverson |
| Succeeded by | Kristjan Valdimar Bjornson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1867-08-01)August 1, 1867
Traverse des Sioux, Minnesota |
| Died | April 10, 1955(1955-04-10) (aged 87)
Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Elizabeth T. Dunnington  (m. 1895) |
| Relations | Fred Trump (son-in-law) |
| Profession | Editor and publisher |
|  | |


title: Pretty Persuasion

abstract: Pretty Persuasion is a 2005 American black comedy film directed by Marcos Siega, written by Skander Halim, and starring Evan Rachel Wood, James Woods, Ron Livingston, Elisabeth Harnois, and Jane Krakowski. Its plot follows a manipulative, sociopathic 15-year-old student at an elite Beverly Hills academy who accuses her drama teacher of sexual harassment.

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# Pretty Persuasion

***Pretty Persuasion*** is a 2005 American black comedy film directed by Marcos Siega, written by Skander Halim, and starring Evan Rachel Wood, James Woods, Ron Livingston, Elisabeth Harnois, and Jane Krakowski. Its plot follows a manipulative, sociopathic 15-year-old student at an elite Beverly Hills academy who accuses her drama teacher of sexual harassment.

## Plot

Kimberly Joyce is a precocious, narcissistic, sociopathic high school student at Roxbury Academy, an elite preparatory school in Beverly Hills. She and her best friend Brittany take Randa, a new Muslim student who recently emigrated from the Middle East, under their wing. Kimberly's home life is troubled; her bigoted and disaffected father Hank, an electronics executive, shows little interest in her life, while her vapid stepmother, Kathy, constantly attempts to reprimand her for her coarse language and attitude. Kimberly dreams of becoming an actress, and obtains a coveted role as Anne Frank in the school play.

The school drama teacher, Percy Anderson, orders Kimberly and Randa to after-school detention one day for disrupting class, and forces Kimberly to write an essay reflecting on her transgression. Percy takes the essay home that evening and has his wife, Grace, read it aloud provocatively as a role play before the two engage in sex. After Brittany is publicly humiliated by Percy during an acting exercise, Kimberly devises a plan to accuse him of sexually harassing each of them. Unable to afford an attorney, Percy agrees to his friend Roger—a clueless high school law teacher who passed the bar —acting as his attorney. In court, Roger proposes that the accusations are in retaliation to Kimberly having been replaced in the school play after referring to her Jewish classmate Josh's lawyer father as a "money-grubbing shyster."

The case becomes a media sensation covered extensively by Emily Klein, a local lesbian reporter. Shortly after the trial begins, Kimberly has a sexual encounter with Emily. Kimberly then manipulates Josh with oral sex into convincing his father Larry, a renowned defense attorney, to defend Percy *pro bono*. When Larry cross examines Brittany, she confesses on the stand that she, Kimberly, and Randa fabricated the accusations. When Emily confronts her outside the courthouse, Kimberly reveals she filmed their sexual encounter, and uses it as blackmail to receive favorable press coverage.

Overwhelmed with the shame brought on her family by the false accusations, Randa shoots herself dead at school. Grace, now aware the essay Percy had her read was written by Kimberly, leaves him. In the storm of media coverage, Emily extolls Kimberly as a mere "victim" of society, and the ensuing press incites Hollywood producers to give Kimberly a bit part on a daytime soap opera.

When Brittany visits Kimberly at her house, Kimberly reveals she manipulated Josh into having his father defend Percy as she knew it would cause Brittany to buckle under pressure in court. When Brittany asks why, Kimberly explains that she devised the calculated plot to garner publicity for herself, as well as exact revenge against Brittany for having stolen her ex-boyfriend, Troy. Brittany lambasts her and leaves, vowing never to speak to her again. Kimberly turns on the television and sees herself on the episode of the soap opera. Switching through channels, she watches snippets of an interview with a school shooter and news footage of Randa's suicide before returning to the soap opera. As she watches herself onscreen, tears begin streaming down her face.

## Cast

## Themes

The plot primarily focuses on sexual harassment accusations within a school system, as well as the repercussions of one 15-year-old girl's actions. But the film also makes commentary on many other social issues in contemporary American culture as well, many of them being controversial. Some of the topics that are commented on include racism, ignorance, discrimination, gender identity, homosexuality, intolerance, immigration, teenage behavior, suicide, parenting, deceit, narcissism and fascination with celebrity status and the entertainment industry.

Director Marcos Siega, commenting on the film's thematic message, said: "At the end of the film there isn’t one overriding message I am trying to convey. I want the audience to walk away with their own opinions of what they have seen and their own feelings intact. The reality is that there are a lot of things wrong with our society and this film deals with some of those frustrations. I expect people’s reactions to be varied, and my only hope is that they walk away talking about it."

## Production

### Development

Screenwriter Skander Halim developed the story based on a news article he read about an eighth-grade girl in his hometown of Ottawa, Ontario who accused her teacher of molesting her. After moving to Los Angeles and reading scripts for production companies several years later, Halim wrote the screenplay for the film, setting it in Beverly Hills. "It struck me that this was the perfect setting for that story," he said. "I wrote it as *The Script That Could Never Get Made*, and I was shocked when it did."

### Casting

Evan Rachel Wood was the first to be cast in the film as the lead character of Kimberly Joyce. After Wood's casting, James Woods signed on to play her character's father, followed by Ron Livingston as the teacher that her character accuses of sexual harassment.

### Music

The musical score was composed by Gilad Benamram. The film deliberately does not feature any popular music songs. Similarly, the wardrobe and props do not feature contemporary branding.

## Release

*Pretty Persuasion* premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2005. The film was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on August 12, 2005.

### Critical response

Roger Ebert called *Pretty Persuasion* "daring, and well-acted", but also said that it "exists uneasily somewhere between comedy and satire." Phil Villarreal of the *Arizona Daily Star* called the film a "scathing and hilarious social satire." While Stephen Holden of *The New York Times* praised the film: "An obscene, misanthropic go-for-broke satire, "Pretty Persuasion" is so gleefully nasty that the fact that it was even made and released is astonishing. Much of it is also extremely funny. Any satire worth its salt should not be afraid to offend, and "Pretty Persuasion" flings mud in all directions with a fearless audacity." James Mottram of Channel 4 opined, "Hovering uncomfortably between comedy and satire, *Pretty Persuasion* never quite gets the balance right." Carlo Cavagna thought it a "dark teen comedy that tries way too hard to be a dark teen comedy."

The *Seattle Post-Intelligencer* accused the film of being an "ugly, cheap attempt at satire", and *Slant* magazine called it "a pretty unpersuasive lecture". Adam Vary of *The Advocate* called the film "rife with political incorrectness." Critic Armond White deemed the film "ingenious."

The film has a "rotten" 33% approval rating on internet review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 79 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's consensus reads: "*Pretty Persuasion* aims for high satire but falls short of poignancy by depending on too much black humor, with too little redeeming humanity to provide balance".

### Accolades

### Home media

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released *Pretty Persuasion* on DVD on December 13, 2005.

## InfoBox

| Pretty Persuasion | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Marcos Siega |
| Written by | Skander Halim |
| Produced by | * Marcos Siega * Matt Weaver * Todd Dagres * Carl Levin |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Ramsey Nickell |
| Edited by | Nicholas Erasmus |
| Music by | Gilad Benamram |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release dates |  |
| Running time | 109 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $2.5 million |
| Box office | $537,100 |


title: Kivu long-haired shrew

abstract: The Kivu long-haired shrew is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps.

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# Kivu long-haired shrew

The **Kivu long-haired shrew** (***Crocidura lanosa***) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Kivu long-haired shrew | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Eulipotyphla |
| Family: | Soricidae |
| Genus: | *Crocidura* |
| Species: | ***C. lanosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crocidura lanosa***
Balsac, 1968 | |
|
|  | |
| Kivu long-haired shrew range | |


title: Klaus Schmidt (mathematician)

abstract:
Klaus D. Schmidt is an Austrian mathematician and retired professor at the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna. After studying mathematics at the University of Vienna he received his doctorate in 1968 under Edmund Hlawka. He held visiting professorships in Technical University of Vienna, University of Manchester in 1969, Bedford College (1969–1974) and the University of Warwick from 1974 to 1994 after which he came back to the University of Vienna. He retired in 2009. In 1975/76
K. R. Parthasarathy invited Klaus Schmidt to spend 7 months at the new Delhi Centre of Indian Statistical Institute. In 1994 he was awarded the Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize for the monograph Dynamical systems of algebraic origin. He is member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. He has researched among other things, ergodic theory and its connections with arithmetic, commutative algebra, harmonic analysis, operator algebras and probability theory.

text:
# Klaus Schmidt (mathematician)

**Klaus D. Schmidt** (born 25 September 1943) is an Austrian mathematician and retired professor at the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna.

After studying mathematics at the University of Vienna he received his doctorate in 1968 under Edmund Hlawka. He held visiting professorships in Technical University of Vienna, University of Manchester in 1969, Bedford College (1969–1974) and the University of Warwick from 1974 to 1994 after which he came back to the University of Vienna. He retired in 2009. In 1975/76 K. R. Parthasarathy invited Klaus Schmidt to spend 7 months at the new Delhi Centre of Indian Statistical Institute (Parthasarathy was then working at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi).

In 1994 he was awarded the Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize for the monograph *Dynamical systems of algebraic origin*. He is member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

He has researched among other things, ergodic theory and its connections with arithmetic, commutative algebra, harmonic analysis, operator algebras and probability theory.

## Publications

* Positive definite kernels, continuous tensor products, and central limit theorems in probability theory (with KR Parthasarathy). Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol 272, Springer Verlag 1972.
* Cocycles of ergodic transformation groups. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol 1, MacMillan (India) 1977.
* Algebraic Ideas in Ergodic Theory. CBMS Lecture Notes, Vol 76, Amer. Math Soc. 1990.
* Dynamical systems of algebraic origin. Progress in Mathematics, Vol 128, Birkhauser Verlag 1995. Schmidt, Klaus (5 January 2012). *2012 reprint*. ISBN 9783034802765.

## InfoBox

| Klaus Schmidt | |
| --- | --- |
| Klaus Schmidt | |
| Born | 25 September 1943 (1943-09-25) (age 81)
Vienna |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Awards | Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions | Bedford College
University of Warwick
University of Vienna |
| Doctoral advisor | Edmund Hlawka |
| Doctoral students | Giles Atkinson
Roger Butler
Zaqueu Coelho
Manfred Einsiedler
Ulrich Haboeck
Andrew Harding
Jane M. Hawkins
David Pask
Geoffrey Riley
Thomas Ward |
|  | |


title: Nagamangalam, Tiruchirappalli district

abstract: Nagamangalam is a Neighborhood of Tiruchirapalli in the Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located at 14 km from Central Bus stand and equally distant from Tiruchirapalli Railway junction. Nagamangalam is situated in Trichy - Madurai road and is a rapidly developing residential area. Being located next to Panjapur and Manikandam it has ample greenary and pollution free atmosphere. The nearby residential locality is Dheeran Mahanagar approximately at a distance of 2 k Also, at walkable distance to New Central Vegetables and Fruit market.m. Nagamangalam was primarily an agricultural area before but has come to lime light due to nearby Trichy infrastructure projects. Trichy integrated bus stand announced in 2021 at Panjapur is at a distance of 8 km from Nagamangalam making it a convenient place for next sought after residential locality. Also, recently Trichy corporation has announced Nagamanglam village to be converted from panchayat to corporation under its Trichy Corporation expansion project. Two colleges located in Nagamangalam are Don Bosco Animation college and Servite Nursing college. Jayam Garden a gated community residential colony is located in Nagamangalam.

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# Nagamangalam, Tiruchirappalli district

**Nagamangalam** is a Neighborhood of Tiruchirapalli in the Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located at 14 km from Central Bus stand and equally distant from Tiruchirapalli Railway junction. Nagamangalam is situated in Trichy - Madurai road and is a rapidly developing residential area. Being located next to Panjapur and Manikandam it has ample greenary and pollution free atmosphere.

The nearby residential locality is Dheeran Mahanagar approximately at a distance of 2 k Also, at walkable distance to New Central Vegetables and Fruit market.m.

Nagamangalam was primarily an agricultural area before but has come to lime light due to nearby Trichy infrastructure projects. Trichy integrated bus stand announced in 2021 at Panjapur is at a distance of 8 km from Nagamangalam making it a convenient place for next sought after residential locality. Also, recently Trichy corporation has announced Nagamanglam village to be converted from panchayat to corporation under its Trichy Corporation expansion project.

Two colleges located in Nagamangalam are Don Bosco Animation college and Servite Nursing college. Jayam Garden a gated community residential colony is located in Nagamangalam.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Nagamangalam had a population of 4,322 with 2,135 males and 2,187 females. The sex ratio was 1024 and the literacy rate, 64.22.

## InfoBox

| Nagamangalam | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| NagamangalamLocation in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 10°54′28″N 78°42′08″E / 10.90778°N 78.70222°E / 10.90778; 78.70222 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Tiruchirappalli |
| Division | Lalgudi |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 4.332 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | TN45 |


title: OR4F16

abstract: Olfactory receptor 4F3/4F16/4F29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR4F16 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

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# OR4F16

**Olfactory receptor 4F3/4F16/4F29** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *OR4F16* gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| OR4F16 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | OR4F16, OR1-1, OR7-21, olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily F member 16 | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 3031137; HomoloGene: 88429; GeneCards: OR4F16; OMA:OR4F16 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
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| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001005277   NM\_146402   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001005224
NP\_001005221
NP\_001005277   NP\_666514   Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 0.69 – 0.69 Mb Chr 2: 111.64 – 111.65 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |