title: Michelle Lopez

abstract: Michelle Lopez is an American sculptor and installation artist, whose work incorporates divergent industrial materials to critique present day cultural phenomena. She lives and works in Philadelphia, PA.

text:
# Michelle Lopez

**Michelle Lopez** (born 1970 in Bridgeport, CT, of Filipino descent) is an American sculptor and installation artist, whose work incorporates divergent industrial materials to critique present day cultural phenomena. She lives and works in Philadelphia, PA.

## Biography

Michelle Lopez received her B.A. in literature and art history in 1992 at Barnard College, and received her M.F.A in 1994 at The School of Visual Arts. Lopez is an Associate Professor of Sculpture in the Fine Arts Program at University of Pennsylvania School of Design and leads the Sculpture Division.

## Work

### *Boy* (1999)

Lopez first gained critical attention with her sculpture Boy; a leather covered Honda that made its debut in 2000 as part of MoMA / PS1's Greater New York exhibition. Her work examines cultural phenomena related to fanaticism, violence, and questions of identity. Lopez' artistic process looks at post 9/11 experience and its abject residue on the sculptural object. Such forlorn themes can be found in "Blue Angels", "The Year We Made Contact", "Strange Fruit", "Banner Year".

In a Frieze review, Morgan Falconer describes Lopez's sculpture as "marvelously poised between being one strange thing and something stranger still."

### *Blue Angels* (2011)

Michael Wilson of Artforum reviewed Blue Angels: "Three roughly folded and heavily crumpled sheets of aluminum lean against the wall and tower above head height, their interiors painted blue or black, their exteriors white or colorlessly reflective. The suggestion that attempts at formal perfection are necessarily doomed to failure is clear, but in their fun-house-mirror distortions, these works direct that argument at not only artistic folly but also the viewer’s own vanities and imperfections. Still, the news isn’t all bad; there’s an insinuation in the aluminum’s shiny. paper- like surfaces of gift wrap, a hint of celebration and renewal.... \[T\]here is a hint of nose-thumbing at the consistent anality of the Guys, but Lopez's remake is more understated, more extensive, more radical-and a lot more appealing-than that might imply."

### *Smoke Clouds* (2014)

In her Smoke Clouds work, Lopez explores themes of disappearance through the shifting image within the material of silver nitrate (mirroring solution) poured onto large-scale architectural glass. Lopez' mirrored smoke clouds reflect the room and the viewer through the original photographic process of silver tintype prints. The cloud image appears and disappears as a "puff of smoke" depending on the environment and the viewers position in the room. Lopez questions the status of the object and the artistic desire to make iconography, while also questioning the viewer's desire to claim it. Her sound and kinetic installation, Halyard, is a further iteration of examining invisible structures of power.

### *House of Cards* and *Barricade* (2018)

House of Cards, an installation of an abject collapsing scaffolding system, employs steel rope and street rubble to lift spare minimal lines, as if forms of resistance could actually overcome the well-grooved forms of oppression. Reflecting the current social and political climate, a recent work shown in Ballast & Barricades suspends a thousand-pound building fragment by using remnants of cultural signifiers such as scaffolding for falling and climbing ladders as counter weight, creating a state on the verge of collapse.

### *Rope Prop Reversal* (2023)

Writing on Lopez's 2023 solo exhibition 'Lasso Reprieve' with Commonwealth and Council LA, critic Vanessa Holyoak writes for Artforum: "Five pieces from the series “ROPE PROP REVERSAL,” 2023, build on Lopez’s long-term engagement with feminist subversions of Minimalism and abstraction, deconstructing the movements’ pretensions of monumentality and universality by restoring an unwieldy humility to the industrial materials that she manipulates. The artist’s series responds to Richard Serra’s canonical Minimalist work, *One Ton Prop (House of Cards)*, 1969, reducing Serra’s cubic sheets of antimonial lead to a sinewy silhouette of their form, and in turn translating the sculpture’s heavy-metal grandiosity into a seemingly weightless geometrical skeleton \[...\] reframing Serra’s balancing act as one necessarily mediated by the supportive collaboration of material bodies."

## Exhibitions

### Solo and Group Exhibitions

Lopez has had solo exhibitions at Feature Inc.; Deitch Projects; Fondazione Trussardi; LA \>\< Art; Simon Preston Gallery; the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum; Galerie Cristophe Gaillard, Paris; Institute of Contemporary Art Philadelphia; and Commonwealth and Council, Los Angeles, among others.

Lopez has shown in group exhibitions at the Brooklyn Museum, MoMA/PS 1, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, Harvard Carpenter Center for the Arts, Museum of Contemporary Art & Design (Manilla, Philippines), and Artist Space. Recent group exhibitions include 'Process LAB,' The Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, PA (2023); 'Scratching at the Moon,' Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (2024); and 'STEADY: Michelle Lopez & Ester Partegàs,' Ballroom Marfa, Marfa, TX (2024).

### Public Art

Public Sculptures include projects with the Public Art Fund and Miami Basel Art Public (Bass Museum, Miami, 2013); 'Chandelier,' Podium, Manila, Philippines (2021); and 'The Forum,' with Sharon Hayes at One Percent for Art, Penn's Landing Park, Philadelphia, PA (2025).

## Awards

In 2007, Lopez participated in a curatorial project with Grimm/Rosenfeld and wrote an essay on sculpture titled Exit Music (for a Film). She was awarded the NYFA Fiscal Sponsorship Grant in 2009 and was a recipient of the New York Foundation for the Arts Sculpture Fellowship in 2010. In 2019, she earned a Guggenheim fellowship in the category of Fine Arts. In 2023, she earned a Pew Center for Arts & Heritage Exhibition Fellowship for her forthcoming project 'Pandemonium,' opening in 2025 at the Franklin Institute and The Galleries at Moore College of Art.

## Teaching

Formerly a faculty member at Yale School of Art in the Department of Sculpture, Columbia, NYU, the School of Visual Arts, and Bard in their graduate and undergraduate programs. She has also taught at UC Berkeley, where she headed the sculpture division and conducted sculptural research on large-scale 3D rapid-prototyping. Lopez now heads the Sculpture Division at the Stuart Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania.


title: Michelle Loos

abstract: Michelle Loos is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Loos made her Football Ferns as a substitute in a 3–3 draw with Australia on 18 May 1980, and finished her international career with 17 caps to her credit.

text:
# Michelle Loos

**Michelle Loos** is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Loos made her Football Ferns as a substitute in a 3–3 draw with Australia on 18 May 1980, and finished her international career with 17 caps to her credit.

## InfoBox

Michelle Loos
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Michelle Loos | | |
| Place of birth | New Zealand | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1980–1983 | New Zealand | 17 | (0) |


title: Michel Corneille the Younger

abstract: Michel Corneille the Younger was a French painter, etcher and engraver.

text:
# Michel Corneille the Younger

**Michel Corneille the Younger** (1642, Paris – 16 August 1708, Gobelins manufactory at Paris) was a French painter, etcher and engraver.

## Life

Corneille was born in Paris, the son of an artist, Michel Corneille the Elder of Orléans, and on this account is sometimes called the "younger Michel". He is also and more commonly known as the "elder Corneille" (Corneille l'Aîné), to distinguish him from a younger brother, Jean-Baptiste Corneille, also a painter. His father was the first and the most indefatigable of his teachers; his other masters were Pierre Mignard and the celebrated Charles Le Brun. Devoting himself wholly to historical painting, Michel won the Academy Prize and went to Rome on the king's pension; but feeling his genius hampered by the restrictions of the prize, he gave up the money so that he might study the antique in his own way. Coming under the then powerful influence of the Eclectics, he studied with the Carracci and modelled his style on theirs. In 1663 he returned to Paris and was elected a member of the Royal Academy, his picture on entering being "Our Lord's Appearance to St. Peter after His Resurrection". In 1673 he became an adjunct, and, in 1690, a full, professor in the Academy.

Corneille painted for the king at Versailles, Meudon, and Fontainebleau, and decorated in fresco many of the great Paris churches, notably Notre-Dame, the church of the Capuchins, and the chapel of Saint-Grégoire in the Invalides. His style, reminiscent of the old masters, is the conventional style of the Eclectics; his drawing is remarkably careful and exact, the expression on the faces of his religious subjects is dignified and noble, the management of chiaroscuro excellent, and the composition harmonious, but suggestive of the Venetian School. From his insufficient knowledge of the composition of pigments, the colour in many of his pictures has suffered such a change that it is today disagreeable; but the artist possessed a good colour-sense, and contemporary records go to prove that his colour was refined and pleasing. He etched and engraved over a hundred plates in a bold and free style, for he was a master of the line; but he subsequently spoiled the effect by too much and too precise work with the engraver. A dishonest dealer put Raphael's name on some of Michel Corneille's plates, and for a long time no one disputed their attribution to the great master. For many years Corneille resided at the Gobelins Manufactory, and was sometimes called "Corneille des Gobelins". He died in the manufactory in 1708.

## Works

Among his paintings are a "Repose in Egypt", now in the Louvre, and a "Baptism of Constantine", in the museum at Bordeaux. Among his more important etched and engraved works are: "The Nativity"; "Flight into Egypt"; "Abraham journeying with Lot" (wrongly ascribed to Raphael), and "Jacob wrestling with the Angel", a plate after Annibale Carracci.

## Bibliography

* Bender, Ewald \[in German\] (1912). "Corneille, Michel oder Michel Ange". In Thieme, Ulrich (ed.). *Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler* (in German). Vol. 7. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann. p. 424. OCLC 1039490042  via the Internet Archive.
* Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006) \[first published in French in 1911–1923\]. *Benezit Dictionary of Artists*. Vol. 3. Paris: Gründ. pp. 1403–1404. ISBN 2-7000-3073-7  via the Internet Archive.
* Blumer, Marie-Louise (1961). "Corneille (Michel)". In Roman d'Amat, Jean-Charles; et al. (eds.). *Dictionnaire de biographie française* (in French). Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. cols. 676–678.
* Parmantier-Lallement, Nicole (1996). "Corneille". In Turner, Jane (ed.). *The Dictionary of Art*. Vol. 7. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 863–864. ISBN 1-884446-00-0  via the Internet Archive.
* Raimbault, Christine (1999). "Corneille, Michel (gen. Michel II bzw. l'aîne; Michel-Ange)". In Kasten, Eberhard; et al. (eds.). *Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon* (in German). Vol. 21. München, Leipzig: Saur. pp. 228–229. ISBN 3-598-22761-2  via the Internet Archive.
* Mémoires inédits sur la vie et les ouvrages de l'Académie royale de peinture (Paris, 1884)
* Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (Berlin, 1870)
* DURRIEN, La peinture à l'exposition de primitifs français (Paris, 1904).

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Michel Corneille (the Younger)". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company. *That entry was written by Leigh Hunt.*


title: Michael Smith (aviator)

abstract: Michael Smith is an aviator who became the first person to solo navigate the world in a single-engine flying boat. Smith was named Australian Geographic Adventurer of the Year in 2016. Smith took off from Melbourne, Australia in his SeaRey aircraft named Southern Sun in April 2015, intending to retrace the historic 1938 Sydney to London route of the Qantas Empire Flying Boat service. He reached London 8 weeks later, but did not receive much media attention. Smith decided to just "keep going". He crossed the Atlantic Ocean via Greenland, and arrived in New York, landing on the Hudson river. He then flew the entire length of the Mississippi river - a distance of 3,766km/2,350 miles. Then, starting from Alaska, he then began a challenging flight across the north Pacific ocean, crossing via the Aleutian Islands. This section of the journey involved flying for 25 hours straight, without the use of autopilot. He arrived in Japan, and from there flew on to Australia, landing at Longreach, Queensland on 11 November 2015. He thus became the first person to navigate solo around the world in a single-engine flying boat. The 210-day journey required 480 hours flying, 9,700 litres of fuel and stops at 80 cities along the way.

text:
# Michael Smith (aviator)

**Michael Smith** is an aviator who became the first person to solo navigate the world in a single-engine flying boat. Smith was named Australian Geographic *Adventurer of the Year* in 2016.

Smith took off from Melbourne, Australia in his SeaRey aircraft named *Southern Sun* in April 2015, intending to retrace the historic 1938 Sydney to London route of the Qantas *Empire* Flying Boat service. He reached London 8 weeks later, but did not receive much media attention. Smith decided to just "keep going". He crossed the Atlantic Ocean via Greenland, and arrived in New York, landing on the Hudson river. He then flew the entire length of the Mississippi river - a distance of 3,766km/2,350 miles. Then, starting from Alaska, he then began a challenging flight across the north Pacific ocean, crossing via the Aleutian Islands. This section of the journey involved flying for 25 hours straight, without the use of autopilot. He arrived in Japan, and from there flew on to Australia, landing at Longreach, Queensland on 11 November 2015. He thus became the first person to navigate solo around the world in a single-engine flying boat. The 210-day journey required 480 hours flying, 9,700 litres of fuel and stops at 80 cities along the way.

## InfoBox

| Michael Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1968 |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation | Aviator |


title: Michiko Hamamura

abstract: Michiko Hamamura Michiko Hamamura is a Japanese singer and actress. She was known as the "Banana Boat Girl" after she recorded a bi-lingual cover of the "Banana Boat Song"

text:
# Michiko Hamamura

**Michiko Hamamura** (浜村 美智子, *Hamamura Michiko*, born October 3, 1938 in Osaka, Japan) is a Japanese singer and actress. She was known as the "Banana Boat Girl" after she recorded a bi-lingual cover of the "Banana Boat Song"

## Career

Her *Waray Waray* LP was issued on Diamond LP-1002 in 1960 / 1961. It was credited to Michiko Hamamura & The Bright Rhythm Boys of Tokyo. The instrumental backing was by Cesar Velasco and his Society Orchestra.


title: Tricarbonylchloroglycinatoruthenium(II)

abstract: Tricarbonylchloroglycinatoruthenium(II) is an organoruthenium complex with the formula RuCl(H2NCH2CO2)(CO)3. A yellow solid, it is an amino acid complex consisting of an octahedral complex with three carbonyls, chloride, and bidentate glycinate ligands. The CO ligands are arranged in a facial geometry. The complex is prepared by treating dichlororuthenium tricarbonyl dimer with sodium glycinate. The complex has attracted attention as a CO-releasing molecule ("CORM").

text:
# Tricarbonylchloroglycinatoruthenium(II)

**Tricarbonylchloroglycinatoruthenium(II)** is an organoruthenium complex with the formula RuCl(H2NCH2CO2)(CO)3. A yellow solid, it is an amino acid complex consisting of an octahedral complex with three carbonyls, chloride, and bidentate glycinate ligands. The CO ligands are arranged in a facial geometry. The complex is prepared by treating dichlororuthenium tricarbonyl dimer with sodium glycinate. The complex has attracted attention as a CO-releasing molecule ("CORM").

1. Clark, James E.; Naughton, Patrick; Shurey, Sandra; Green, Colin J.; Johnson, Tony R.; Mann, Brian E.; Foresti, Roberta; Motterlini, Roberto (2003). "Cardioprotective Actions by a Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide–Releasing Molecule". *Circulation Research*. **93** (2): e2-8. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000084381.86567.08. PMID 12842916. S2CID 784328.
2. Santos-Silva, Teresa; Mukhopadhyay, Abhik; Seixas, João D.; Bernardes, Gonçalo J. L.; Romão, Carlos C.; Romão, Maria J. (2011). "CORM-3 Reactivity toward Proteins: The Crystal Structure of a Ru(II) Dicarbonyl−Lysozyme Complex". *Journal of the American Chemical Society*. **133** (5): 1192–1195. doi:10.1021/ja108820s. PMID 21204537.
3. Urban, Reinhold; Krämer, Roland; Mihan, Shahram; Polborn, Kurt; Wagner, Barbara; Beck, Wolfgang (1996). "Metal complexes of biologically important ligands, LXXXVII α-amino carboxylate complexes of palladium(II), iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) from chloro-bridged ortho-metallated metal compounds and \[(OC)3Ru(Cl)(μ-Cl)\]2". *Journal of Organometallic Chemistry*. **517** (1–2): 191–200. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(96)06166-9.

## InfoBox

Tricarbonylchloroglycinatoruthenium(II)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Other names CORM-3 | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C2H5NO2.3CO.ClH.Ru/c3-1-2(4)5;3\*1-2;;/h1,3H2,(H,4,5);;;;1H;/q;;;;;+1/p-1Key: ZOINYBNDJAUNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M | |
| SMILES * \[C-\]#\[O+\].\[C-\]#\[O+\].\[C-\]#\[O+\].C(C(=O)O)N.Cl\[Ru\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H4ClNO5Ru |
| Molar mass | 294.61 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | yellow solid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Genevieve Townsend

abstract: Genevieve Schmich, known professionally as Genevieve Smeek and Genevieve Townsend, was an American stage and film actress. She was born in Freeport, Illinois and attended Mount Holyoke College, where she majored in English and English Literature. After graduating in 1920, she moved to Britain, where she joined Frank Benson's theatre company. During the mid-1920s she had several lead roles in British silent films. She died in Switzerland, of tuberculosis, at the age of 29 in 1927. In 1928, Mount Holyoke College established the Genevieve Schmich Award in her honor.

text:
# Genevieve Townsend

**Genevieve Schmich** (December 4, 1897 – May 1, 1927), known professionally as **Genevieve Smeek** and **Genevieve Townsend,** was an American stage and film actress. She was born in Freeport, Illinois and attended Mount Holyoke College, where she majored in English and English Literature. After graduating in 1920, she moved to Britain, where she joined Frank Benson's theatre company. During the mid-1920s she had several lead roles in British silent films. She died in Switzerland, of tuberculosis, at the age of 29 in 1927.

In 1928, Mount Holyoke College established the Genevieve Schmich Award in her honor.

## Selected filmography

1. BFI.org
2. *Llamarada*, 1920
3. Ancestry.com, "Reports of Deaths of American Citizens Abroad, 1835-1974"
4. Mount Holyoke and Hampshire College Archives, Genevieve Schmich Award records

## Sources

Trewin, J. C. (1960). *Benson and the Bensonians*. London: Barrie and Rockliff.

## InfoBox

| Genevieve Townsend | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | December 4, 1897
Freeport, Illinois
United States |
| Died | May 1, 1927(1927-05-01) (aged 29)
Switzerland |
| Other names | Genevieve Schmich, Genevieve Smeek |
| Occupation(s) | Film actor
stage actor |
| Years active | 1925 \- 1927 |


title: Genevieve Stearns

abstract: Genevieve Stearns (1892–1997) was a biochemist, most recognized for her accomplishments in research and advocacy for nutrition, especially for women and children.

text:
# Genevieve Stearns

**Genevieve Stearns** (1892–1997) was a biochemist, most recognized for her accomplishments in research and advocacy for nutrition, especially for women and children.

## Early life and education

Stearns was born in Zumbrota, Minnesota, to parents Clayton H. Stearns and Clara (née Beierwalter) Stearns.

She received her bachelor's degree in science from Carleton College in 1912. She taught high school for six years, and then attended graduate school at the University of Illinois and worked as a chemistry assistant while earning her master's degree. Her master's degree, completed in 1920, examined creatinuria, specifically focusing on the impact of diet and sex. In 1920, she worked as research associate in nutrition at the child welfare research station at the University of Iowa.

After five years as a research associate, she returned to school to earn her doctorate from University of Michigan in 1928. Her research focused on metabolism, and her dissertation was on the intermediary metabolism of cystine.

## Career

She spent the majority of her career at the University of Iowa, and reached full professor in 1943. She studied the metabolism of Vitamins A and D and minerals, growth chemistry, bone and cartilage metabolic disturbance, and rickets. During a 1957 interview with Stearns, she described how she studied cohorts of children, over extended periods of time, to gain a better understanding of how to best feed children.

After spending a few years as a professor of pediatrics, in 1950 she was selected by the World Health Organization to go to Europe for seminars about metabolism.

After her retirement, she received the Fulbright Scholarship to work at the Women’s College of Ein Shams University in Cairo, Egypt from 1960 until 1961. She was selected as a fellow for the American Institute of Nutrition in 1965, and was a member of the Society of Biological Chemists and the American Chemical Society. She has garnered many awards for her accomplishments, including the Alumni Achievement Award from Carleton College, the Borden Award of the American Home Economics Association (1942) and the Borden Award of the American Institute of Nutrition (1946).

## Selected publications

* Stearns, Genevieve; Lewis, Howard B. (1930). "The Metabolism of Sulfur". *Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **86** (1): 93–105. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)76907-x. ISSN 0021-9258.
* Stearns, Genevieve (1939-07-01). "The Mineral Metabolism of Normal Infants". *Physiological Reviews*. **19** (3): 415–438. doi:10.1152/physrev.1939.19.3.415. ISSN 0031-9333.
* Jeans, P. C.; Stearns, Genevieve (1938-11-01). "The effect of vitamin D on linear growth in infancy: II. The effect of intakes above 1,800 U.S.P. units daily". *The Journal of Pediatrics*. **13** (5): 730–740. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(38)80162-1. ISSN 0022-3476.
* Stearns, Genevieve (1968-11-01). "Fifty Years of Experience in Nutrition and a Look to the Future". *American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health*. **58** (11): 2027–2035. doi:10.2105/AJPH.58.11.2027. ISSN 0002-9572. PMC 1229035. PMID 18018236.
* Stearns, Genevieve (1959). "Infants and Toddlers": 283–295. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)

## InfoBox

| Genevieve Stearns | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Thesis | *Studies on the intermediary metabolism of cystine* (1930) |
|  | |


title: Trinity Likins

abstract:
Trinity Rose Likins is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Forsythia "Jellybean" Jones in The CW series Riverdale, as Emma Landry in the TV mini-series Unspeakable, and as Amelia in the Hallmark Movie Channel original TV movie Christmas in the Air/12 Days.
Her mother, Carey, is indigenous and her father Scott, is British.

text:
# Trinity Likins

**Trinity Rose Likins** (born May 12, 2006) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Forsythia "Jellybean" Jones in The CW series *Riverdale*, as Emma Landry in the TV mini-series *Unspeakable*, and as Amelia in the Hallmark Movie Channel original TV movie *Christmas in the Air/12 Days*. Her mother, Carey, is indigenous and her father Scott, is British.

## Early life and career

Likins was born in Squamish, British Columbia, Canada. She attended Valleycliffe Elementary School, and is currently in secondary school. Likins has an younger brother. She has claimed that she wanted to become an actress throughout her childhood, and begged her mother to hire a talent agent for her for years, saying, "I used to perform plays around the house for my family, I also would do the school play every year". In 2017, after topping her age group in the Premiere talent program, Likins won representation by Nigel Mikoski.

In 2018, Likins was cast in Season 3 of The CW's *Riverdale*, a series based on the characters and plotlines of Archie Comics. Likins was cast in the role of Forsythia "Jellybean" Jones, the younger sister of main character Jughead Jones (Cole Sprouse). Her casting was announced at New York Comic Con alongside that of Gina Gershon as the siblings' mother and Season 3 supporting antagonist Gladys Jones. Likins has said she was first informed of her casting by her father while she was in lunch period at school. There are unconfirmed rumors Likins beat out Stranger Things star Millie Bobby Brown for the role.

## Filmography

Television and film roles
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *Christmas in the Air/12 Days* | Amelia | Television film (Hallmark Movie Channel) |
| 2018-2021 | *Riverdale* | Forsythia "Jellybean" Jones | 23 episodes |
| 2019 | *Unspeakable* | Emma Landry | 4 episodes |
|

## InfoBox

| Trinity Likins | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Trinity Rose Elizabeth Likins
(2006-05-12) May 12, 2006
Squamish, British Columbia |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2017–present |


title: Trinity Leeds

abstract: Trinity Leeds is a shopping and leisure centre in the city centre of Leeds, England, named after the adjacent 18th-century Holy Trinity Church. Developed by Land Securities and designed by Chapman Taylor, it opened on 21 March 2013, with over 130,000 recorded visitors on opening day. The development is in two parts: Trinity East, a new build development on the site of the former Trinity and Burton Arcades, and Trinity West, the redeveloped Leeds Shopping Plaza. The development has a catchment of 5.5 million people offering a spend of £1.93 billion annually. It has lifted Leeds from seventh to fourth in the CACI UK retail rankings and has created over 3000 jobs. The combined scheme has 93,000 m⁲ (1,000,000 sq ft) of retail floor space for 120 stores anchored by the flagship Marks & Spencer and Topshop/Topman stores. These units existed as standalone stores and have been expanded and remodelled into Trinity Leeds. The shopping centre has a concept food area in named Trinity Kitchen, hosting both permanent tenants and rotating "pop-up" vendors. Everyman Cinemas opened a 3,700 m⁲ (40,000 sq ft) four screen art-house cinema in the centre, its first premises in the north of England.

text:
# Trinity Leeds

53°47′49″N 1°32′42″W / 53.797°N 1.545°W / 53.797; -1.545

**Trinity Leeds** is a shopping and leisure centre in the city centre of Leeds, England, named after the adjacent 18th-century Holy Trinity Church. Developed by Land Securities and designed by Chapman Taylor, it opened on 21 March 2013, with over 130,000 recorded visitors on opening day.

The development is in two parts: Trinity East, a new build development on the site of the former Trinity and Burton Arcades, and Trinity West, the redeveloped Leeds Shopping Plaza. The development has a catchment of 5.5 million people offering a spend of £1.93 billion annually. It has lifted Leeds from seventh to fourth in the CACI UK retail rankings and has created over 3000 jobs. The combined scheme has 93,000 m2 (1,000,000 sq ft) of retail floor space for 120 stores anchored by the flagship Marks & Spencer and Topshop/Topman stores. These units existed as standalone stores and have been expanded and remodelled into Trinity Leeds.

The shopping centre has a concept food area in named **Trinity Kitchen**, hosting both permanent tenants and rotating "pop-up" vendors. Everyman Cinemas opened a 3,700 m2 (40,000 sq ft) four screen art-house cinema in the centre, its first premises in the north of England.

## History

### Background

Since around 2000 plans were made to redevelop the adjacent **Trinity and Burton Arcades**, a largely run down shopping precinct which opened in 1973, into a modern shopping centre using designs by the late Enric Miralles under the name **Trinity Quarter**. However this had been long delayed because of arguments regarding planning between the then owners of both centres Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS), owner of the Trinity and Burton arcades, and Topps Estates, owner of the Leeds Shopping Plaza.

However, following the sale of Topps Estates to Land Securities in 2003, and the change in ownership of the Trinity and Burton Arcades to Caddick Group, and the granting of a compulsory purchase order by Leeds City Council, the process of constructing the centre could commence.

The development was a combination of several older developments including **Leeds Shopping Plaza**, which has been rebranded and remodelled as Trinity West. It was built as an independent shopping centre surrounded by the streets of Bond Street, Albion Street, Boar Lane and Lower Basinghall Street. It opened in 1977 as the **Bond Street Centre** on a site formerly occupied by Victorian-era buildings and was refurbished in 1996 which included giving the centre its present name, expanding the trading area to 25,000 m2 (270,000 sq ft).

The new-build part of Trinity, Trinity East, was formerly occupied by the Trinity & Burton Arcades, a 1970s development which included both open air and covered parts.

### Construction

Extensive preparation works were required, including the demolition of the previous development and frontages on Briggate, Albion Street and Boar Lane. Site clearance was complete by 2008. Development was delayed due to the Great Recession, but recommenced in 2010. Contractor Laing O'Rourke estimates that over 1000 construction workers worked on Trinity Leeds.

Initial construction started at Trinity East, where four tower cranes were used in its construction. Redevelopment of the Topshop/Topman store commenced in February 2012 after Topman and Topshop moved to temporary stores elsewhere in the city and was completed in October 2012. A 3,716 m2 (40,000 sq ft) glass dome is the centrepiece of Trinity East. Designed by SKM Anthony Hunts, its 1902 glass panels rise 30.5 m (100 ft) above street level. The dome is built on a steel framework, and during construction was supported on an immense scaffold structure, which when removed in early 2012 resulted in the dome sinking 20mm. The dome is large enough to fit the Leeds Corn Exchange under it.

Major works started at Trinity West in 2011 to remodel the centre's interior. Boar Lane Bus Point closed to create a new pavement and external remodelling involved removing cladding. A tower crane facilitated upward extensions to accommodate the flagship Primark store. Proposals were revealed for a media screen on the exterior of Trinity West.

## Arts

*Equus Altus* \- a packhorse carrying cloth; The Owl; *The Briggate Minerva*, goddess of weaving and commerce

*Equus Altus*, a sculpture of a packhorse carrying a roll of cloth, dominates the central court, and *The Briggate Minerva*, stands outside the centre's entrance on Briggate. Both are by Scottish sculptor Andy Scott. Packhorses were used to transport goods, in particular cloth, to and from Leeds: the artist said "My thoughts behind it were about the history of Leeds and the wool and textile industries and how horses were used as the HGV at the time". Minerva was the Roman goddess of both commerce and weaving, making her appropriate to this site in a city with a strong heritage of textiles, and wears an owl mask, one of the symbols of the city. *Equus Altus* is 5 metres (16 ft) tall, weighs 2 tonnes, and stands on a 10 metres (33 ft) steel column. The two statues were installed in March 2013, having taken 10 months to create.

Perched near the roof (above Carluccio's) is a gilded bronze statue of an owl by Antonia Stowe.

Trinity plans to have a programme of permanent and public art in the centre. Projects undertaken, include the *2.8 Days Later* film project in November 2011 run in conjunction with local production companies and Everyman Cinemas.

## Parking

The former NCP Boar Lane car park was refurbished and re-branded as the Trinity car park.

## InfoBox

Trinity Leeds
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Leeds city centre, Leeds, United Kingdom |
| Address | LS1 5ER |
| Opening date | 21 March 2013 (2013-03-21) |
| Developer | Land Securities |
| Owner | Land Securities |
| Architect | Chapman Taylor |
| No. of stores and services | 120+ |
| No. of anchor tenants | 7 |
| Total retail floor area | 92,903 m2 (1,000,000 sq ft) |
| No. of floors | 3 |
| Parking | Trinity Leeds (opposite the centre LS1 4AG) |
| Website | www.trinityleeds.com |


title: Michael Warton (died 1645)

abstract: Michael Warton was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and 1644. He fought and died on the Royalist side in the English Civil War. Warton was the son of Sir Michael Warton and his wife Elizabeth Hansby, daughter of Sir Ralph Hansby. In April 1640, Warton was elected Member of Parliament for Beverley in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected in November 1640 for the Long Parliament and sat until he was disabled from sitting in parliament in 1644 for supporting the King. Warton was killed in 1645 by a cannon shot at the Great Siege of Scarborough Castle which was a garrison for the King. Warton married to Catherine Maltby daughter of Christopher Maltby at Cottingham on 1 October 1620.

text:
# Michael Warton (died 1645)

**Michael Warton** (23 October 1593 – 1645) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and 1644. He fought and died on the Royalist side in the English Civil War.

Warton was the son of Sir Michael Warton and his wife Elizabeth Hansby, daughter of Sir Ralph Hansby.

In April 1640, Warton was elected Member of Parliament for Beverley in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected in November 1640 for the Long Parliament and sat until he was disabled from sitting in parliament in 1644 for supporting the King. Warton was killed in 1645 by a cannon shot at the Great Siege of Scarborough Castle which was a garrison for the King.

Warton married to Catherine Maltby daughter of Christopher Maltby at Cottingham on 1 October 1620.


title: Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis

abstract: Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis is a gecko of the genus Trigonodactylus that is endemic to Oman.

text:
# Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis

***Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis*** is a gecko of the genus *Trigonodactylus* that is endemic to Oman.

## InfoBox

| *Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Trigonodactylus* |
| Species: | ***T. sharqiyahensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trigonodactylus sharqiyahensis***<br>Metallinou & Carranza, 2013 | |
|


title: Geogepa stenochorda

abstract: Geogepa stenochorda is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan on the islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu and in China in the province of Anhui. The length of the forewings is 5.5–7.5 mm in males and 7–8.5 mm in females. There is one generation per year.

text:
# Geogepa stenochorda

***Geogepa stenochorda*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan on the islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu and in China in the province of Anhui.

The length of the forewings is 5.5–7.5 mm in males and 7–8.5 mm in females. There is one generation per year.

## InfoBox

| *Geogepa stenochorda* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Geogepa* |
| Species: | ***G. stenochorda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Geogepa stenochorda***<br>(Diakonoff, 1948) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Epagoge stenochorda* Diakonoff, 1948 * *Batodes stenochorda* * *Heterochorista stenochorda* | |


title: Geogepa striatula

abstract: Geogepa striatula is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Vietnam. The wingspan is 23 mm.

text:
# Geogepa striatula

***Geogepa striatula*** is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Vietnam.

The wingspan is 23 mm.

## Etymology

The name is derived from Latin *stria* (meaning strigula) and refers to the fine brown streaks of the forewing.

## InfoBox

| *Geogepa striatula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Geogepa* |
| Species: | ***G. striatula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Geogepa striatula***<br>Razowski, 2008 | |
|


title: Trema orientale

abstract: Trema orientale is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae. It is known by many common names, including charcoal-tree, Indian charcoal-tree, pigeon wood, Oriental trema, and in Hawaii, where it has become naturalized, gunpowder tree, or nalita. It has a near universal distribution in tropical and warm temperate parts of the Old World, with a range extending from South Africa, through the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and southern China to Southeast Asia and Australia.

text:
# Trema orientale

***Trema orientale*** (sometimes *Trema orientalis*) is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae. It is known by many common names, including **charcoal-tree**, **Indian charcoal-tree**, **pigeon wood**, **Oriental trema**, and in Hawaii, where it has become naturalized, **gunpowder tree**, or **nalita**. It has a near universal distribution in tropical and warm temperate parts of the Old World, with a range extending from South Africa, through the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and southern China to Southeast Asia and Australia.

## Distribution

*Trema orientale* is native to tropical and southern Africa (including Madagascar), Asia (the Arabian Peninsula, China, eastern Asia, tropical Asia) and Australia.

## Uses

The wood is relatively soft, and burns easily and quickly when dry. The wood is suitable for paper and pulp production, producing paper with good tensile strength and folding endurance. The bark can be used for making string or rope, and used as waterproofing fishing-lines. In India and Tanzania, the wood is used to make charcoal and is a good fire starter.

### Medicinal use

The tree has various uses as an herbal medicine in a wide range of cultures. The leaves and the bark are used to treat coughs, sore throats, asthma, bronchitis, gonorrhea, yellow fever, toothache, and as an antidote to general poisoning. A bark infusion is reportedly drunk to control dysentery and a leaf decoction is used to deworm dogs. In recent pharmacological studies, an aqueous extract from the bark has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels in an experimental animal model of diabetes mellitus, and may be useful for treating this disease. Extracts from leaves of related species (*Trema guineense* and *Trema micrantha*) showed anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activity in rodents, suggesting that *T. orientale* could produce similar results.

### Phytochemicals

Trema orientalis has been reported to contain cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (30mg/kg-90mg/kg avg), cannabinol (130mg/kg-357mg/kg avg) and cannabidiol (2mg/kg-5mg/kg avg). Identification was performed by comparing the retention time of HPLC and GC analysis. However these results have not yet been independently replicated, and have been disputed.

## Ecology

This species has a high ecological impact with at least 14 species of butterfly using it as a larval food plant. Several species of birds eat the fruit or feed on the abundant insects which live in these trees. Pigeons and doves are often found in these trees where they eat the fruits or make their nests; giving the origin of the name 'Pigeon Wood'. The leaves, pods and seeds are used as fodder for cattle, buffaloes and goats in the Philippines. The leaves are also browsed by game animals and can be used as spinach. This tree is a fast-growing species found in previously disturbed areas and on forest margins. It is a pioneer species that can grow on poor soil and can be used to regenerate forest areas by providing shade and protection to saplings of forest hardwoods. *T. orientale* is nitrogen fixing and can thereby improve soil fertility for other plant species.

## Bibliography

* Pooley, E. (1993). *The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei*. ISBN 0-620-17697-0.

## InfoBox

| *Trema orientale* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Cannabaceae |
| Genus: | *Trema* |
| Species: | ***T. orientale*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trema orientale***
(L.) Blume | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Celtis commersonii* Brongn.     + *Celtis glomerata* Hochst.     + *Celtis guineensis* Schumach. & Thonn.     + *Celtis laeta* Salisb.     + *Celtis madagascariensis* Bojer     + *Celtis orientalis* L.     + *Celtis rigida* Blume     + *Sponia affinis* Planch.     + *Sponia africana* Planch.     + *Sponia andaresa* Comm. ex Lam.     + *Sponia argentea* Planch.     + *Sponia bracteolata* Hochst.     + *Sponia commersonii* Decne. ex Planch.     + *Sponia glomerata* Hochst.     + *Sponia guineensis* (Schumach. & Thonn.) Planch.     + *Sponia hochstetteri* Planch.     + *Sponia lucida* Hassk.     + *Sponia nitens* Hook.f. ex Planch.     + *Sponia orientalis* (L.) Decne. ex Planch.     + *Sponia rigida* (Blume) Decne. ex Planch.     + *Sponia scaberrima* Miq.     + *Sponia strigosa* Planch.     + *Sponia wightii* Planch.     + *Trema affine* (Planch.) Blume     + *Trema africanum* (Planch.) Blume     + *Trema argenteum* (Planch.) Blume     + *Trema bracteolatum* (Hochst.) Blume     + *Trema burmanni* Blume     + *Trema commersonii* (Decne. ex Planch.) Blume     + *Trema glomeratum* (Hochst.) Blume     + *Trema grevei* Baill.     + *Trema griseum* Baker     + *Trema guineense* (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho     + *Trema hochstetteri* (Planch.) Engl.     + *Trema nitens* (Hook.f. ex Planch.) Blume     + *Trema rigidum* (Blume) Blume     + *Trema scaberrimum* (Miq.) Blume     + *Trema sieberi* Blume | |


title: Trema tomentosum var. viride

abstract: Trema tomentosum var. viride is a forest plant. In Australia it occurs from Twofold Bay in New South Wales to far northern Queensland, New Guinea and Western New Guinea. It had been recorded near Mallacoota, but is now presumed extinct in the state of Victoria. Common names include poison peach, native peach and peach-leaved poison bush. The poison peach is well regarded by rainforest regenerators for quick growth, shelter and shade and as a nursery species, and as a bird-attracting plant. The habitat is rainforest regrowth, in disturbed open areas of rainforest, by forest roads, and in open forest country.

text:
# Trema tomentosum var. viride

***Trema tomentosum* var. *viride*** (or *Trema tomentosa* var. *viridis*) is a forest plant. In Australia it occurs from Twofold Bay (37° S) in New South Wales to far northern Queensland, New Guinea and Western New Guinea. It had been recorded near Mallacoota, but is now presumed extinct in the state of Victoria.

Common names include **poison peach**, **native peach** and **peach-leaved poison bush**. The poison peach is well regarded by rainforest regenerators for quick growth, shelter and shade and as a nursery species, and as a bird-attracting plant. The habitat is rainforest regrowth, in disturbed open areas of rainforest, by forest roads, and in open forest country.

## Description

A shrub or small tree reaching a height of 8 metres and a stem diameter of 15 cm. The bark is smooth and grey, dotted with small lenticels, arranged in vertical and horizontal patterns. The grey or fawn coloured branchlets also feature lenticels.

Leaves alternate with a finely toothed edge. 4 to 9 cm long, ovate shaped with a long pointed tip. Leaf stalk 6 to 12 mm long. Leaf veins prominent on both sides, more evident underneath, particularly the lateral veins in threes. Leaves resemble the invasive weed *Lantana camara*.

Small greenish flowers in short cymes, appear year round, though most often between December and March. The fruit is a tiny black drupe, 2 to 6 mm in diameter, with a single black seed. The fruit matures between February and August and is eaten by a variety of birds, including brown cuckoo-dove, Australasian figbird, Lewin's honeyeater, and olive-backed oriole. Germination is not difficult from fresh seed or cuttings.

## InfoBox

| *Trema tomentosum var. viride* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Poison peach at Elvina Bay, Australia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Cannabaceae |
| Genus: | *Trema* |
| Species: | *T. tomentosum* |
| Variety: | ***T. t.* var. *viride*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Trema tomentosum* var. *viride***<br>Planch. & Hewson | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Trivirostra hordacea

abstract: Trivirostra hordacea is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

text:
# Trivirostra hordacea

***Trivirostra hordacea*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 6 mm. They are white in colour and are characterised by their prominent ribs.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines, Hawaii, Fiji, Okinawa, Japan, Nerw South Wales (Australia), Zanzibar.

* Fehse D. (2002) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Triviidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) V. Kritische Beurteilung der Genera und Beschreibung einer neuen Art der Gattung Semitrivia Cossmann, 1903. Acta Conchyliorum 6: 3-48.
* Liu, J.Y. \[Ruiyu\] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Trivirostra hordacea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of Trivirostra hordacea | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Triviidae |
| Genus: | *Trivirostra* |
| Species: | ***T. hordacea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trivirostra hordacea***<br>Kiener, 1843 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cypraea hordacea* Kiener, 1844 (original combination) * *Cypraea insecta* Mighels, 1845 · unaccepted * *Trivia hordacea* (Kiener, 1844) * *Trivia insecta* (Mighels, 1845) · | |


title: Michigan Government Television

abstract: Michigan Government Television (MGTV) was a public affairs Government-access television (GATV) cable TV channel. Modeled on C-SPAN, its programming covered events and proceedings within the state government, including sessions of the Michigan House of Representatives and the Michigan Senate. MGTV was operated by a non-profit corporation funded by cable subscription fees. The channel was on the air five days a week from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in 2008. Because of the limited schedule and limited channel pre-digital TV era, MGTV usually shared time with PEG, Leased access or infomercial channels.

text:
# Michigan Government Television

**Michigan Government Television** (MGTV) was a public affairs Government-access television (GATV) cable TV channel. Modeled on C-SPAN, its programming covered events and proceedings within the state government, including sessions of the Michigan House of Representatives and the Michigan Senate.

MGTV was operated by a non-profit corporation funded by cable subscription fees. The channel was on the air five days a week from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in 2008. Because of the limited schedule and limited channel pre-digital TV era, MGTV usually shared time with PEG, Leased access or infomercial channels.

## History

The Michigan Cable Telecommunications Association commissioned from Public Sector Consultants a study on the feasibility of a state C-SPAN styled cable channel in 1993. The Michigan Public Service Commission and Ameritech settled an overcharging lawsuit. Governor John Engler already had his plan for such a network in motion by earmarking the overcharged settlement funds for the project. A master control room was designed and placed in the Romney office building with additional control rooms and cameras for the two capitol chambers. The cable association assisted with professional advice.

By March 1994, the Michigan House Oversight and Ethics Committee was holding meetings over the Michigan Public Service Commission plans to use $2 million in overcharged fees for the Michigan Government Television project and on February 28, 1994, Lark Samouelian started work as the appointed MGTV project manager. Engler had original plan to run the channel as a part of the executive branch, but was getting resistance.

With Engler just wishing to get the channel off the ground, the Michigan Cable Telecommunications Association offered to place the channel under non-profit 501(c)3 corporation controlled by the cable companies' executives. In December 1995, the cable companies' non-profit took over the channel. Bill Trevarthen was hired as executive director in February 1996 with his start date of April 1, 1996.

MGTV was launched on July 15, 1996. Programming included House and Senate committees, board meetings from within the executive branch, press conferences, speeches by policy makers and events made available by the state’s universities. In October 1996, MGTV made Michigan only the second state to air oral arguments from the state's Supreme Court. For the first year, the channel was only available three Lansing area cable providers, TCI, Media One and Horizon. Satellite uplink was provisioned from Videocom after considering Michigan Information Technology Network's Ku band uplink, which had rain fade. The uplink allowed the channel to go statewide. Live coverage of the Senate began in late 1997 followed soon by the House of Representatives.

For the 1998 election, the channel taped Lansing State Journal editorial board interviews with all statewide candidates and ballot issue advocates. This began a long term relationship with the newspaper. MGTV broadcast additional hours for the Senate expulsion hearing for Senator David Jaye in 2001.

In mid-January 2013 MGTV discontinued operations claiming lack of interest and clearance issues with providers. The non-profit turned over equipment to the Michigan Department of Technology, Management and Budget, which would use the equipment to launch on the internet as MiTV January 1, 2013, and had no cable system restrictions on availability.

## Production

While coverage of the public bodies were gavel-to-gavel and unedited, similar to C-SPAN, MGTV did produce some educational documentary programs. Two notable documentaries were about the Civil War flags at the Capitol and their human stories and the other on the World War II Japanese-Americans internment lawsuit focusing on the part of Michigan native and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Frank Murphy. The network also broadcast the oral histories and programs of the Michigan Political History Society.

The channel also recorded the *Lansing State Journal*'s editorial board interviews with all statewide candidates and ballot issue advocates starting in 1998. The channel also held live call-in Q&A sessions with statewide candidates.

## InfoBox

Michigan Government Television
| Country | United States |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Michigan |
| Headquarters | Lansing, Michigan |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | 480i |
| History | |
| Launched | July 15, 1996 (1996-07-15) |
| Closed | January 2013 (2013-01) |
| Replaced by | MiTV |


title: Rhipicera mystacina

abstract: Rhipicera mystacina is a species of beetle in the genus Rhipicera.

text:
# Rhipicera mystacina

***Rhipicera mystacina*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Rhipicera*.

## Description

*Rhipicera mystacina* is diagnosed from related species by the reddish brown colour and the dense and white adpressed setae covering most of the pronotum.

## Distribution

*Rhipicera mystacina* can be found in the northern and central parts of Queensland.

## InfoBox

| *Rhipicera mystacina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Rhipiceridae |
| Genus: | *Rhipicera* |
| Species: | ***R. mystacina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhipicera mystacina***<br>Fabricius, 1775 | |
|


title: Rhipidarctia

abstract: Rhipidarctia is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae.

text:
# Rhipidarctia

***Rhipidarctia*** is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae.

## Species

## Former species

## InfoBox

| *Rhipidarctia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Tribe: | Syntomini |
| Genus: | *Rhipidarctia*<br>Kiriakoff, 1953 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Elsa* Kiriakoff, 1953 * *Elsita* Kiriakoff, 1954 * *Takwa* Kiriakoff, 1957 | |


title: Rhipidarctia aurora

abstract: Rhipidarctia aurora is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1957. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

text:
# Rhipidarctia aurora

***Rhipidarctia aurora*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1957. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## InfoBox

| *Rhipidarctia aurora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Rhipidarctia* |
| Species: | ***R. aurora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhipidarctia aurora***<br>Kiriakoff, 1957 | |
|


title: Ribatejo Province

abstract: The Ribatejo is the most central of the traditional provinces of Portugal, with no coastline or border with Spain. The region is crossed by the Tagus river. The region contains some of the nation's richest agricultural land, and it produces most of the animals used in the Portuguese style of bullfighting. Ribatejo Province was formally created in 1936. It contained the municipalities of Abrantes, Alcanena, Almeirim, Alpiarça, Azambuja, Benavente, Cartaxo, Chamusca, Constância, Coruche, Entroncamento, Ferreira do Zêzere, Golegã, Rio Maior, Salvaterra de Magos, Santarém, Sardoal, Tomar, Torres Novas, Vila Franca de Xira and Vila Nova da Barquinha. The largest towns were Santarém and Tomar. In 1976 the Ribatejo Province was dissolved. Most of the area belongs to the Santarém District. For EU statistical purposes, it was divided between the Lezíria do Tejo, Médio Tejo, Lisbon metropolitan area and Alto Alentejo subregions, belonging to the Centro, Lisbon and Alentejo EU statistical regions.

text:
# Ribatejo Province

The **Ribatejo** (Portuguese pronunciation: \[ʁiβɐˈtɛʒu\]) is the most central of the traditional provinces of Portugal, with no coastline or border with Spain. The region is crossed by the Tagus river (*Ribatejo* translates to "upper Tagus", or more precisely, "up the Tagus" relative to Lisbon at its mouth). The region contains some of the nation's richest agricultural land, and it produces most of the animals used in the Portuguese style of bullfighting.

Ribatejo Province was formally created in 1936. It contained the municipalities of Abrantes, Alcanena, Almeirim, Alpiarça, Azambuja, Benavente, Cartaxo, Chamusca, Constância, Coruche, Entroncamento, Ferreira do Zêzere, Golegã, Rio Maior, Salvaterra de Magos, Santarém, Sardoal, Tomar, Torres Novas, Vila Franca de Xira and Vila Nova da Barquinha. The largest towns were Santarém and Tomar.

In 1976 the Ribatejo Province was dissolved. Most of the area belongs to the Santarém District.

For EU statistical purposes, it was divided between the Lezíria do Tejo, Médio Tejo, Lisbon metropolitan area and Alto Alentejo subregions (NUTS III), belonging to the Centro, Lisbon and Alentejo EU statistical regions (NUTS II).

## Municipalities

39°14′N 8°41′W / 39.233°N 8.683°W / 39.233; -8.683


abstract:
Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring (KADS) is a structured way of developing knowledge-based systems. It was developed at the University of Amsterdam as an alternative to an evolutionary approach and is now accepted as the European standard for knowledge based systems. Its components are:
  - A methodology for managing knowledge engineering projects.
  - A knowledge engineering workbench.
  - A methodology for performing knowledge elicitation. KADS was further developed into CommonKADS.

text:
# Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring

**Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring** (**KADS**) is a structured way of developing knowledge-based systems (expert systems). It was developed at the University of Amsterdam as an alternative to an evolutionary approach and is now accepted as the European standard for knowledge based systems.

Its components are:

* A methodology for managing knowledge engineering projects.
* A knowledge engineering workbench.
* A methodology for performing knowledge elicitation.

KADS was further developed into CommonKADS.

## KADS methodology and the industrial development of expert systems

A study carried out in 1989 showed that the main reason why expert systems were not being used was an insufficiency of methods for development, especially in the construction of knowledge bases, e.g. the transfer of expertise.

Knowledge Based Systems Analysis and Design Support (KADS) originating in the European ESPRIT project P1098 and representing 75 person-years of work, was one of the most highly developed KBs (Knowledge Based Systems) in the early 90s. This pioneering method provides two types of support for the production of KBs in an industrial approach: firstly, a lifecycle enabling a response to be made to technical and economic constraints (control of the production process, quality assurance of the system,...), and secondly a set of models which structure the production of the system, especially the tasks of analysis and the transformation of expert knowledge into a form exploitable by the machine.


title: Rex Corbett

abstract: Reginald "Rex" Corbett was an English international footballer, who played as an outside left.

text:
# Rex Corbett

**Reginald** "**Rex**" **Corbett** (13 June 1879 – 2 September 1967) was an English international footballer, who played as an outside left.

## Career

Born in Thame, Corbett played for Old Malvernians, and earned one cap for England in 1903.

## InfoBox

Rex Corbett
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Reginald Corbett | | |
| Date of birth | (1879-06-13)13 June 1879 | | |
| Place of birth | Thame, Oxfordshire, England | | |
| Date of death | 2 September 1967(1967-09-02) (aged 88) | | |
| Place of death | Shaftesbury, Dorset, England | | |
| Position(s) | Outside left | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Old Malvernians |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1903 | England | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Rex Cinemas Mackenzie

abstract: Rex Cinemas Mackenzie, formerly Rex Cinemas and Rex Theatre, is an Art Deco style cinema building in Singapore. the cinema was adjacent to Ellison building along Mackenzie Road. The cinema was bounded by major road, Bukit Timah Road and secondary roads Mackenzie and Selegie Road.

text:
# Rex Cinemas Mackenzie

**Rex Cinemas Mackenzie**, formerly **Rex Cinemas** and **Rex Theatre**, is an Art Deco style cinema building in Singapore. the cinema was adjacent to Ellison building along Mackenzie Road. The cinema was bounded by major road, Bukit Timah Road and secondary roads Mackenzie and Selegie Road.

## History

Built on the former site of the Singapore Boxing Stadium which was closed and demolished in 1946, the theatre opened in 1964. It started out as a cinema, a concert venue, then an ice skating rink, into a church, a disco and back to being a cinema again.

The theatre hall was different from the other cinemas in Singapore in terms of its layout organisation. The front and back stalls seats of the cinema hall sloped downwards to meet each other. This gives movie watchers seated in the front to have a better view of the screen without straining their necks.

The first film screened in Rex Theatre was an English film, *The Jungle Book*.

In 1967, Shaw Organisation took over the cinema.

As its peak popularity in 1976, Rex Theatre attracted the largest crowd when they screened *Earthquake* which came with new sensurround sound effects that sent simulated vibrations around the cinema seats, depicting a real earthquake.

Due to the rise of home video and videotape piracy, the cinema closed in 1983 with *Jaws 3-D* being the last film shown at Rex.

In 1985, Rex Theatre was converted into a performance house with famous singers from Taiwan and Hong Kong. They held their concert there and attracted a lot of people.

In 1989, the theatre was converted into an ice rink, Fuji Ice Palace. It ceased operations in 1993.

Foo Chow Methodist Church step in and took over Rex Theatre in 1999 for a year to hold worship services. It functioned as a temporary church as the original church along 90 Race Course Road was undergoing reconstruction and upgrading when it was discovered to be unsafe for operation due to tunnelling works for an MRT line. A year later, the church then moved back to its own premises.

In 2000, it was reopened as a disco known as *TJ Live House @ The Rex*.

In 2007, Rex Theatre was left abandoned after its previous tenant, Indian nightclub Amaran, closed down.

In 2009, Narayanasamy Muthu, with his son, Senthil Kumar, who managed jewellery chain, Kamala Jewellers, and his Malaysian business partner, Murugan Soppurayan invested more than $3 million to renovate Rex cinemas. It has three cinema halls with the main hall having 700 seats with the capacity reduced to 570 seats over the years and two smaller halls with 82 seats each.

The cinemas mostly shows Tamil and Hindi movies while also showing Malay films.

In August 2017, the premises was acquired by Carnival Cinemas and renamed as Rex Cinemas Mackenzie. The cinema ceased operation in July 2018.

## InfoBox

Rex Cinemas Mackenzie
| Rex Cinemas MackenzieLocation in Singapore | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Rex Cinemas Mackenzie RD |
| Former names | Rex Theatre
TJ Live House @ The Rex
Rex Cinemas |
| Address | 2 Mackenzie Road, Singapore 228673 |
| Location | Singapore |
| Coordinates | 1°18′17.3″N 103°51′00.0″E / 1.304806°N 103.850000°E / 1.304806; 103.850000 |
| Public transit | **NE7**  **DT12**  Little India |
| Owner | Malayan Theatre Ltd (former)
Shaw Organisation (former)
Rex Cinemas (former)
Carnival Cinemas |
| Operator | Malayan Theatre Ltd (former)
Shaw Organisation (former)
Rex Cinemas (former)
Carnival Cinemas |
| Type | Movie theatre |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1946 (1946) |
| Renovated | 2009 |
| Closed | 1983 (as Rex Theatre).
2018 (as Carnival Cinemas Mackenzie) |
| Reopened | 2009 |
| Tenants | |
| Fuji Ice Palace (former)
Foo Chow Methodist Church (former)
TJ Live House (former) | |
| Website | |
| www.carnivalcinemas.sg | |


abstract: The Kleophrades Panathenaic prize amphora is an Archaic period amphora by the Kleophrades Painter from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Dating to c. 500 BCE, the amphora, filled with olive oil, was the prize for a victor in the Panathenaia games in Athens. This particular amphora is a neck amphora that stands at 63.5 centimetres (25.0 in) tall.

text:
# Kleophrades Painter Panathenaic prize amphora

The **Kleophrades Panathenaic prize amphora** is an Archaic period amphora by the Kleophrades Painter from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Dating to c.500 BCE, the amphora, filled with olive oil, was the prize for a victor in the Panathenaia games in Athens. This particular amphora is a neck amphora that stands at 63.5 centimetres (25.0 in) tall.

## Artistic technique

All of the imagery on the Kleophrades terracotta Panathenaic prize amphora is in black-figure style, a painting technique popularized during the Archaic period. The background of the images acquires a red hue through the firing process of the clay; no paint or pigment is added to achieve this color. To achieve the black images seen on the faces, handles, neck, and base of the amphora, Kleophrades painted the pre-fired clay with a watered down clay solution. Red details, such as the boxers' muscles, hair, and eyes, could be added in by carving into the added clay with a fine tool.

Once the black figure details were added, Kleophrades fired the clay in the kiln in a multi-temperature process. First, the kiln would be heated to 800°C (1472°F) with a ventilating chamber kept open, thus allowing the clay to be fired in an oxygen-rich environment. This process causes the entire vase to glow red, including the added paint-like clay. Next, the kiln's vents would be closed and alternative tinder materials would be added to make the environment oxygen-poor and even hotter. Doing so allowed the added clay to turn black and glossy. Lastly, the potter would re-open the ventilation to re-oxygenate the kiln and allow the temperature to drop, thus causing the non-decorated regions to revert to their natural red color. While the majority of the black-figure painting on this amphora is the figurative depictions of Athena Promachos and the Pankration, the painter also added small, geometric decorative elements to the neck and base of the vessel.

## Imagery

Like all Panathenaic prize amphorae, this vase features a portrait of Athena Promachos on one of its faces. This particular iteration of Athena leads soldiers into battle and always holds a spear in one hand, protects her body with a shield in the other hand, and has a helmet on her head. On the left side of the Athena Promachos face is the inscription "ton Athenethen athlon," meaning "a prize from Athens;" like the image of Athena herself, this phrase appeared on all Panathenaic prize amphorae. The other face of the amphora portrays the Pankration, an event that incorporated elements of combat sports like kickboxing and wrestling. The Pankration face is particularly unique for its inclusion of both the athletes competing in the event and an onlooking judge; art historians suggest that the appearance of the judge emphasizes how dangerous the event was, as it lacked true rules and regulations. Both faces of the amphora have a single zone or register portraying the figurative scene. The majority of the remainder of the body is painted black, with red detailing around the neck and base.

## Canon of Kleophrades works

While Kleophrades created more red-figure works than black-figure, he did paint several Panathenaic prize amphorae, all of which were in black-figure. As such, the technique was not out of the ordinary for him, but rather not used as frequently as red-figure. Kleophrades was especially renowned for his ability to incorporate pathos in his figural design and illicit emotion from the viewers. The dynamic Pankration scene is no exception, as it showcases the dynamic and dangerous nature of the sport. Many of his works featured figures from throughout Greek mythology and sporting events. The inclusion of both Athena Promachos and the Panathenaic Pankration in this prize amphora combines his two most popular subjects into one cohesive work.

## InfoBox

| Kleophrades terracotta Panathenaic prize amphora | |
| --- | --- |
| The Kleophrades Panathenaic prize amphora | |
| Material | Terracotta |
| Size | 63.5 centimetres (25.0 in) high |


title: Rhagium canadense

abstract: Rhagium canadense is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Podany in 1964.

text:
# Rhagium canadense

***Rhagium canadense*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Podany in 1964.

## InfoBox

| *Rhagium canadense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Rhagium* |
| Species: | ***R. canadense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhagium canadense***<br>Podany, 1964 | |
|


title: Rhagio tringarius

abstract: Rhagio tringarius, common name marsh snipefly, is a species of fly from the family Rhagionidae.

text:
# Rhagio tringarius

***Rhagio tringarius***, common name **marsh snipefly**, is a species of fly from the family Rhagionidae.

## Description

*Rhagio tringarius* can reach a length of 8–14 millimetres (0.31–0.55 in). The abdomen and the long slender legs are yellow-orange. The patterning on the abdomen is quite variable, but usually it shows black well spaced dorsal triangles. Also the last abdomen tergites are black. Wings are clear, as this fly lacks the dark wing stigma common in the genus *Rhagio*.

## Ecology

The larvae of this snipefly dwell in the ground, on litter and detritus. They are predatory hunters, feeding on small beetles and earthworms. Adults occur from May to September, usually resting on leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is present in most of European countries. It can be found in wet meadows, hedgerows woods and areas with a rich vegetation.

Media related to Rhagio tringarius at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Rhagio tringarius* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male of *Rhagio tringarius* | |
|  | |
| Female of *Rhagio tringarius* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Rhagionidae |
| Genus: | *Rhagio* |
| Species: | ***R. tringarius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhagio tringarius***
(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Erax rufus* Scopoli, 1763
*Sylvicola solivagus* Harris, 1780
*Musca vermileo* Schrank, 1781
*Rhagio vanellus* Fabricius, 1794
*Leptis simplex* Meigen, 1838
*Leptis punctatus* Loew, 1840
*Leptis cinerea* Zetterstedt, 1842
*Leptis ephippium* Zetterstedt, 1842
*Leptis nigriventris* Loew, 1869
*Leptis cartereaui* Gobert, 1877
*Leptis pandellei* Gobert, 1877
*Leptis perrisii* Gobert, 1877
*Leptis goebelii* Strobl, 1893
*Leptis perezii* Gobert, 1877
*Rhagio tripustulatus* Szilady, 1934
 | |


title: Rhagionidae

abstract:
Rhagionidae or snipe flies are a small family of flies.
They get their name from the similarity of their often prominent proboscis that looks like the beak of a snipe.

text:
# Rhagionidae

**Rhagionidae** or **snipe flies** are a small family of flies. They get their name from the similarity of their often prominent proboscis that looks like the beak of a snipe.

## Description

Rhagionidae are medium-sized to large flies with slender bodies and stilt-like legs. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and many species are haematophagous as adults, while others are predatory on other insects. They are typically brown and yellow flies, and lack bristles. The larvae are also predatory and are mostly terrestrial, although some are aquatic.

Snipe flies in the genus *Rhagio* are sometimes called "down-looker" flies after their habit of perching head-downward on tree trunks.

## Classification

The family is contained in Brachycera infraorder Tabanomorpha, and several of its constituent groups have been recently elevated to family rank. *Atherix* (and related genera) now comprise the Athericidae, *Vermileo* (and related genera) now comprise the Vermileonidae, and the genera *Austroleptis* and *Bolbomyia* are each now the sole members of their own families (Austroleptidae and Bolbomyiidae).

## List of subfamilies and genera

Arthrocerinae Williston, 1886

Chrysopilinae Bezzi, 1903

Rhagioninae Latreille, 1802

Spaniinae Frey, 1954

*Incertae sedis*

## Further reading

* Bezzi, M. 1928. *Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History).* British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
* Lindner, E 1924–1925. Rhagionidae in Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region 4 (20) 1–49. ISBN 3-510-43016-6 Keys to genera and species.
* Stuckenberg, B., 1960. Diptera (Brachycera): Rhagionidae. *S.Afr. anim. Life* 7: 216–308 Keys to genera and species.
* Stuckenberg, B., 1965. The Rhagionidae of Madagascar (Diptera). *Ann.Natal Mus.* 18:89–170. Keys to genera and species.
* Leonard, M. D., 1930. A revision of the Dipterous family Rhagionidae (Leptidae) in the United States and Canada, *Memoirs of the American Entomological Society* 7:1–181.
* Malloch, J. R., 1932. Rhagionidae, Therevidae. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Entomology \[eds\] Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Fascicle 3. - Rhagionidae (Leptidae), Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae, Lonchopteridae. pp. 199–293.
* Nagatomi, A. & Soroida, K., 1985. The structure of the mouthparts of the orthorrhaphous Brachycera (Diptera) with special reference to blood-sucking. *Beitr. Ent.* 35 (2): 263–368, 480.

## InfoBox

| Rhagionidae
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Rhagio scolopaceus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Brachycera |
| Infraorder: | Tabanomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Rhagionoidea |
| Family: | Rhagionidae
Latreille, 1802 |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Knox County, Missouri

abstract: Knox County is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,744, making it the third-least populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Edina. The county was organized February 14, 1845, and named for U.S. Secretary of War General Henry Knox.

text:
# Knox County, Missouri

**Knox County** is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,744, making it the third-least populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Edina. The county was organized February 14, 1845, and named for U.S. Secretary of War General Henry Knox.

## Civil War

A battle was fought during the American Civil War at Newark, involving Joseph C. Porter on August 1, 1862.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 507 square miles (1,310 km2), of which 504 square miles (1,310 km2) is land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) (0.6%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

### Major highways

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1850 | 2,894 |  |  |
| 1860 | 8,727 |  | 201.6% |
| 1870 | 10,974 |  | 25.7% |
| 1880 | 13,047 |  | 18.9% |
| 1890 | 13,501 |  | 3.5% |
| 1900 | 13,479 |  | −0.2% |
| 1910 | 12,403 |  | −8.0% |
| 1920 | 10,783 |  | −13.1% |
| 1930 | 9,658 |  | −10.4% |
| 1940 | 8,878 |  | −8.1% |
| 1950 | 7,617 |  | −14.2% |
| 1960 | 6,558 |  | −13.9% |
| 1970 | 5,692 |  | −13.2% |
| 1980 | 5,508 |  | −3.2% |
| 1990 | 4,482 |  | −18.6% |
| 2000 | 4,361 |  | −2.7% |
| 2010 | 4,131 |  | −5.3% |
| 2020 | 3,744 |  | −9.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1790-1960 1900-1990
1990-2000 2010-2015 | | | |

As of the census of 2010, there were 4,131 people in the county, organized into 1,791 households and 1,217 families. The population density was 9 people per square mile (3.5 people/km2). There were 2,317 housing units at an average density of 5 units per square mile (1.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.51% White, 0.09% Black or African American, 0.09% Asian, 0.02% Native American, 0.16% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Approximately 0.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,791 households, out of which 27.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.50% were married couples living together, 6.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.00% were non-families. 29.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.93.

24.90% of the county's population was under the age of 18, 6.20% from 18 to 24, 23.70% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 21.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,124, and the median income for a family was $31,741. Males had a median income of $22,636 versus $18,902 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,075. 18.00% of the population and 12.90% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.10% of those under the age of 18 and 16.50% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

The TFR for Knox County in 2004 was relatively high at 2.64, despite the population being 98% white.

### 2020 Census

Knox County Racial Composition
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (NH) | 3,573 | 95.43% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 20 | 0.53% |
| Native American (NH) | 5 | 0.13% |
| Asian (NH) | 18 | 0.48% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 0 | 0% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 105 | 2.8% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 23 | 0.61% |

## Education

### Public schools

### Public libraries

* Northeast Missouri Library Service

## Politics

### Local

The Democratic Party mostly controls politics at the local level in Knox County. Democrats hold all but five of the elected positions in the county.

| Knox County, Missouri | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Elected countywide officials | | | |
| Assessor | Anita James | Republican |
| Circuit Clerk | James Gibbons | Democratic |
| County Clerk | Marlene Spory | Republican |
| Collector | Brent Karhoff | Republican |
| Commissioner
(Presiding) | Evan Glasgow | Republican |
| Commissioner
(District 1) | Terry (“Red”) Callahan | Democratic |
| Commissioner
(District 2) | Roger Parton | Democratic |
| Coroner | Jeffrey Doss | Democratic |
| Prosecuting Attorney | David M. Brown | Republican |
| Public Administrator | Theresa Allen-Hamlin | Republican |
| Recorder | Sandy Woods | Democratic |
| Sheriff | Allen Gudehus | Democratic |
| Surveyor | Dilbert Sullivan | Democratic |
| Treasurer | Donnie Davis | Democratic |

### State

Past Gubernatorial Elections Results
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third Parties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | **82.66%** *1,516* | 16.03% *294* | 1.31% *24* |
| 2016 | **61.61%** *1,125* | 36.80% *672* | 1.59% *29* |
| 2012 | 47.35% *912* | **50.16%** *966* | 2.49% *49* |
| 2008 | **58.88%** *1,180* | 39.57% *793* | 1.55% *31* |
| 2004 | **67.41%** *1,328* | 31.62% *623* | 0.96% *19* |
| 2000 | **55.48%** *1,124* | 43.34% *878* | 1.19% *24* |
| 1996 | 30.52% *623* | **67.71%** *1,382* | 1.76% *36* |

All of Knox County is included in Missouri's 4th District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is represented by Craig Redmon (R-Canton).

Missouri House of Representatives — District 4 — Knox County (2016)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Craig Redmon** | **1,612** | **100.00%** |  |

Missouri House of Representatives — District 4 — Knox County (2014)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Craig Redmon** | **1,144** | **100.00%** |  |

Missouri House of Representatives — District 4 — Knox County (2012)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Craig Redmon** | **1,587** | **100.00%** |  |

All of Knox County is a part of Missouri's 18th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Brian Munzlinger (R-Williamstown).

Missouri Senate — District 18 — Knox County (2014)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Brian Munzlinger** | **1,174** | **100.00%** |  |

### Federal

U.S. Senate — Missouri — Knox County (2016)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Roy Blunt** | **1,208** | **66.19%** | **+19.59** |
|  | Democratic | Jason Kander | 558 | 30.58% | −19.11 |
|  | Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 29 | 1.59% | −2.12 |
|  | Green | Johnathan McFarland | 16 | 0.88% | +0.88 |
|  | Constitution | Fred Ryman | 14 | 0.77% | +0.77 |

U.S. Senate — Missouri — Knox County (2012)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | Todd Akin | 905 | 46.60% |  |
|  | Democratic | **Claire McCaskill** | **965** | **49.69%** |  |
|  | Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 72 | 3.71% |  |

All of Knox County is included in Missouri's 6th Congressional District and is currently represented by Sam Graves (R-Tarkio) in the U.S. House of Representatives.

U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 6th Congressional District — Knox County (2016)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Sam Graves** | **1,425** | **80.19%** | **+4.74** |
|  | Democratic | David M. Blackwell | 317 | 17.84% | −4.07 |
|  | Libertarian | Russ Lee Monchil | 24 | 1.35% | −1.29 |
|  | Green | Mike Diel | 11 | 0.62% |  |

U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri’s 6th Congressional District — Knox County (2014)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Sam Graves** | **971** | **75.45%** | **+7.72** |
|  | Democratic | Bill Hedge | 282 | 21.91% | −8.55 |
|  | Libertarian | Russ Lee Monchil | 34 | 2.64% | +0.83 |

U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 6th Congressional District — Knox County (2012)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Sam Graves** | **1,232** | **67.73%** |  |
|  | Democratic | Kyle Yarber | 554 | 30.46% |  |
|  | Libertarian | Russ Lee Monchil | 33 | 1.81% |  |

United States presidential election results for Knox County, Missouri
| Year | Republican | | Democratic | | Third party(ies) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| **2020** | 1,486 | **80.06%** | 340 | 18.32% | 30 | 1.62% |
| **2016** | 1,416 | **75.72%** | 379 | 20.27% | 75 | 4.01% |
| **2012** | 1,205 | **61.57%** | 698 | 35.67% | 54 | 2.76% |
| **2008** | 1,212 | **59.73%** | 759 | 37.41% | 58 | 2.86% |
| **2004** | 1,207 | **61.02%** | 761 | 38.47% | 10 | 0.51% |
| **2000** | 1,226 | **59.66%** | 787 | 38.30% | 42 | 2.04% |
| **1996** | 862 | 42.65% | 891 | **44.09%** | 268 | 13.26% |
| **1992** | 724 | 32.01% | 1,010 | **44.65%** | 528 | 23.34% |
| **1988** | 1,212 | 49.03% | 1,255 | **50.77%** | 5 | 0.20% |
| **1984** | 1,513 | **57.97%** | 1,097 | 42.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1980** | 1,475 | **54.43%** | 1,187 | 43.80% | 48 | 1.77% |
| **1976** | 1,216 | 47.57% | 1,319 | **51.60%** | 21 | 0.82% |
| **1972** | 1,896 | **64.78%** | 1,031 | 35.22% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1968** | 1,562 | **49.29%** | 1,257 | 39.67% | 350 | 11.04% |
| **1964** | 1,305 | 38.50% | 2,085 | **61.50%** | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1960** | 1,874 | **51.06%** | 1,796 | 48.94% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1956** | 1,934 | **51.11%** | 1,850 | 48.89% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1952** | 2,229 | **52.77%** | 1,988 | 47.06% | 7 | 0.17% |
| **1948** | 1,620 | 41.66% | 2,268 | **58.32%** | 1 | 0.03% |
| **1944** | 2,057 | **51.32%** | 1,943 | 48.48% | 8 | 0.20% |
| **1940** | 2,370 | 47.56% | 2,594 | **52.06%** | 19 | 0.38% |
| **1936** | 2,134 | 41.09% | 3,030 | **58.35%** | 29 | 0.56% |
| **1932** | 1,465 | 32.11% | 3,045 | **66.75%** | 52 | 1.14% |
| **1928** | 2,628 | **54.21%** | 2,213 | 45.65% | 7 | 0.14% |
| **1924** | 2,288 | 43.83% | 2,722 | **52.15%** | 210 | 4.02% |
| **1920** | 2,749 | **54.32%** | 2,250 | 44.46% | 62 | 1.23% |
| **1916** | 1,460 | 45.91% | 1,657 | **52.11%** | 63 | 1.98% |
| **1912** | 1,092 | 34.73% | 1,666 | **52.99%** | 386 | 12.28% |
| **1908** | 1,339 | 43.72% | 1,652 | **53.93%** | 72 | 2.35% |
| **1904** | 1,321 | 45.15% | 1,527 | **52.19%** | 78 | 2.67% |
| **1900** | 1,344 | 40.36% | 1,908 | **57.30%** | 78 | 2.34% |
| **1896** | 1,246 | 35.95% | 2,185 | **63.04%** | 35 | 1.01% |
| **1892** | 968 | 31.70% | 1,472 | **48.20%** | 614 | 20.10% |
| **1888** | 1,371 | 44.10% | 1,661 | **53.43%** | 77 | 2.48% |

## Communities

### Cities

### Villages

### Census-designated place

### Other unincorporated place

### Townships

Knox County is divided into 13 townships:

## Notable people

40°07′N 92°09′W / 40.12°N 92.15°W / 40.12; -92.15

## InfoBox

| Knox County | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Knox County Courthouse in Edina | |
| Location within the U.S. state of Missouri | |
| Missouri's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 40°07′N 92°09′W / 40.12°N 92.15°W / 40.12; -92.15 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| Founded | February 14, 1845 |
| Named for | Henry Knox |
| Seat | Edina |
| Largest city | Edina |
| Area | |
| Total | 507 sq mi (1,310 km2) |
| Land | 504 sq mi (1,310 km2) |
| Water | 2.8 sq mi (7 km2)  0.6% |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 3,744 |
| Density | 7.4/sq mi (2.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 6th |
| Website | www.knoxcountymo.org |


title: Koeleria

abstract:
Koeleria is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family, found on all continents except Antarctica and on various oceanic islands. It includes species known generally as Junegrasses. The genus was named after German botanist Georg Ludwig Koeler (1765–1807).
  - Species
  - Formerly included hundreds of species once included in Koeleria but now considered better suited to other genera including Aeluropus, Agrostis, Colpodium, Dactylis, Erioneuron, Festuca, Graphephorum, Rostraria, Schismus, Sesleria, Trisetaria and Trisetum.

text:
# Koeleria

***Koeleria*** is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family, found on all continents except Antarctica and on various oceanic islands. It includes species known generally as **Junegrasses**.

The genus was named after German botanist Georg Ludwig Koeler (1765–1807).

Species   Formerly included

hundreds of species once included in *Koeleria* but now considered better suited to other genera including *Aeluropus*, *Agrostis*, *Colpodium*, *Dactylis*, *Erioneuron*, *Festuca*, *Graphephorum*, *Rostraria*, *Schismus*, *Sesleria*, *Trisetaria* and *Trisetum*.

## InfoBox

| Junegrasses | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Koeleria pyramidata*
(figure B at right) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Supertribe: | Poodae |
| Tribe: | Poeae |
| Subtribe: | Aveninae |
| Genus: | *Koeleria*
Pers. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Poa nitida*
(syn of *Koeleria macrantha*)
Lam. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Achaeta* E.Fourn. * *Airochloa* Link * *Brachystylus* Dulac * *Collinaria* Ehrh. * *Leptophyllochloa* Calderón ex Nicora | |


title: Kochunny Thampuran

abstract: Kochunny Thampuran was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm off-break bowler who played for Travancore-Cochin. He was born in Thrippunithura. Thampuran made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1956–57 Ranji Trophy season, against Andhra. From the lower order, he scored 11 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a single run in the second, as Travancore-Cochin lost the match by a heavy margin.

text:
# Kochunny Thampuran

**Kochunny Thampuran** (born 5 June 1937) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm off-break bowler who played for Travancore-Cochin. He was born in Thrippunithura.

Thampuran made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1956–57 Ranji Trophy season, against Andhra. From the lower order, he scored 11 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a single run in the second, as Travancore-Cochin lost the match by a heavy margin.


title: Rhododendron floribundum

abstract: Rhododendron floribundum (繁花杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to northwestern Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, and northeastern Yunnan in China, where it grows at altitudes of 1,400–2,700 m (4,600–8,900 ft). It is an evergreen shrub that grows to 2–10 m (6.6–32.8 ft) in height, with leathery leaves that are elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, and 8–13 × 1.8–3.8 cm in size. The flowers are magenta-rose with crimson flecks and blotch at base.

text:
# Rhododendron floribundum

***Rhododendron floribundum*** (繁花杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to northwestern Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, and northeastern Yunnan in China, where it grows at altitudes of 1,400–2,700 m (4,600–8,900 ft). It is an evergreen shrub that grows to 2–10 m (6.6–32.8 ft) in height, with leathery leaves that are elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, and 8–13 × 1.8–3.8 cm in size. The flowers are magenta-rose with crimson flecks and blotch at base.

* Franchet, *Bull. Soc. Bot. France*. 33: 232. 1886.

## InfoBox

| *Rhododendron floribundum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Rhododendron* |
| Species: | ***R. floribundum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhododendron floribundum***<br>Franch. | |
|