title: Third Energy Onshore

abstract: Third Energy Onshore Ltd is a UK company involved in oil and gas exploration, including proposals for fracking operations in Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire. The company was incorporated as Viking Petroleum UK Ltd in October 2003. In December 2003, it acquired a 40% holding in the Ryedale gas fields in North Yorkshire from Edinburgh Oil and Gas plc. In October 2013, Viking acquired Tullow Oil's 60% share in onshore oil interests relating to the North Yorkshire gas fields and operation of the gas-fired Knapton Power Station in October 2013. Viking changed its name to Third Energy Onshore in October 2013. Third Energy Onshore was 97% owned by Barclays' private equity division, Barclays Natural Resource Investments; its ultimate parent company, Third Energy Holdings, is based in the Cayman Islands. Sister company Third Energy Offshore was acquired from Third Energy Holdings by Hague and London Oil plc in September 2018, with the deal formally approved in December 2018. In October 2018, owner Barclays was reported to be considering selling Third Energy Onshore rather than invest a further £5m to make the Kirby Misperton fracking site fully functional in the next 12 months. In March 2019, financial adviser Lazard was reported to be talking to rival energy companies about investing in or acquiring Third Energy Onshore's business. In July 2019, Third Energy Onshore and two sister companies were sold to York Energy, a subsidiary of US-owned Alpha Energy.

text:
# Third Energy Onshore

**Third Energy Onshore Ltd** is a UK company involved in oil and gas exploration, including proposals for fracking operations in Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire.

The company was incorporated as Viking Petroleum UK Ltd in October 2003. In December 2003, it acquired a 40% holding in the Ryedale gas fields in North Yorkshire from Edinburgh Oil and Gas plc. In October 2013, Viking acquired Tullow Oil's 60% share in onshore oil interests relating to the North Yorkshire gas fields and operation of the gas-fired Knapton Power Station in October 2013 (Knapton is supplied by gas wells in the Kirby Misperton area). Viking changed its name to Third Energy Onshore in October 2013.

Third Energy Onshore was 97% owned by Barclays' private equity division, Barclays Natural Resource Investments; its ultimate parent company, Third Energy Holdings, is based in the Cayman Islands. Sister company Third Energy Offshore was acquired from Third Energy Holdings by Hague and London Oil plc in September 2018, with the deal formally approved in December 2018.

In October 2018, owner Barclays was reported to be considering selling Third Energy Onshore rather than invest a further £5m to make the Kirby Misperton fracking site fully functional in the next 12 months. In March 2019, financial adviser Lazard was reported to be talking to rival energy companies about investing in or acquiring Third Energy Onshore's business. In July 2019, Third Energy Onshore and two sister companies were sold to York Energy, a subsidiary of US-owned Alpha Energy.

## Kirby Misperton fracking

In November 2014, Third Energy Onshore announced its intention to apply for permission to frack near Kirby Misperton. In July 2015 Third Energy Onshore applied to North Yorkshire County Council for planning permission to frack a well drilled in 2013 and to produce gas from it. Permission was granted in May 2016; Friends of the Earth and a local pressure group, Frack Free Ryedale, applied for judicial review of the decision, but this application was rejected in December 2016. In October 2017, Third Energy Onshore announced its intention to begin fracking within weeks.

In November 2017, opponents to the fracking operation called upon the company to confirm its financial standing before commencing work; the company was over a month late in filing its accounts (which were eventually filed on 1 February 2018). In January 2018, Business Secretary Greg Clark said permission for Third Energy Onshore to frack would not be granted until financial checks had been completed by the Infrastructure and Projects Authority, amid concerns about its resilience and ability to fund clean-up costs. The 2016 accounts of Third Energy UK Gas Ltd showed it made a £3.4m loss (down from a £3.85m loss in 2015), but owed £44.7m to its ultimate parent company, Third Energy Holdings, based in the Cayman Islands.

Third Energy Onshore began removing equipment from the site in early February 2018, as questions about the company's finances and management continued, including about the September 2017 appointments of former Carillion interim CEO Keith Cochrane as non-executive chairman, and of Jitesh Gadhia, a Conservative party peer and donor and a non-executive director at HM Treasury body UK Financial Investments (which advises government on dealing with financially distressed businesses) as a non-executive director. Cochrane and Gadhia resigned as directors in September 2018.

In April 2019, the Kirby Misperton site remained dormant over a year after Third Energy Onshire vacated it; the company had earlier said it would drill at the site before the end of 2019. The July 2019 completion of Third Energy Onshore's sale raised fears that fracking might be restarted at Kirby Misperton.


title: Tupadły, Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie

abstract: Tupadły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Złotniki Kujawskie, 16 km (10 mi) north of Inowrocław, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Bydgoszcz, and 33 km (21 mi) south-west of Toruń.

text:
# Tupadły, Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie

**Tupadły** \[tuˈpadwɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Złotniki Kujawskie, 16 km (10 mi) north of Inowrocław, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Bydgoszcz, and 33 km (21 mi) south-west of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Tupadły | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Tupadły | |
| Coordinates: 52°55′14″N 18°10′32″E / 52.92056°N 18.17556°E / 52.92056; 18.17556 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Inowrocław |
| Gmina | Złotniki Kujawskie |


title: Global Gladiators

abstract: Global Gladiators is a 1992 platform game developed by Virgin Games, originally programmed by David Perry for the Sega Genesis and eventually ported by other Virgin Games teams in Europe to the Master System, Game Gear, and Amiga. The game is based on the McDonald's fast food chain and has a strong environmentalist message. The game is a spiritual successor to the NES game M.C. Kids, another McDonald's-themed game that also featured Mick and Mack as its playable characters.

text:
# Global Gladiators

***Global Gladiators*** is a 1992 platform game developed by Virgin Games, originally programmed by David Perry for the Sega Genesis and eventually ported by other Virgin Games teams in Europe to the Master System, Game Gear, and Amiga. The game is based on the McDonald's fast food chain and has a strong environmentalist message.

The game is a spiritual successor to the NES game *M.C. Kids*, another McDonald's-themed game that also featured Mick and Mack as its playable characters.

## Gameplay

In the single-player game, the player controls Mick or Mack through four worlds; Slime World, Mystical Forest, Toxi-town and Arctic World. Each world has several sub-stages where the character must collect a certain number of Golden Arches to advance. They are guided in their quest by Ronald McDonald, who appears at the beginning and the end of the game. The characters are armed with a Super Soaker-type gun that shoots gooey projectiles.

## Development and release

In 1992, Virgin Mastertronic, while expanding into the United States, entered a deal with McDonald's to publish a video game themed around its restaurants within six months. Virgin contacted Probe Software programmer David Perry and made a generous offer to hire him into their American development branch in Irvine, California; Virgin was convinced by Perry's work on *The Terminator* that he could quickly make a satisfactory game for the Sega Genesis. Virgin granted Perry an apartment overlooking Laguna Beach, which he remarked was "like living in *Baywatch*".

For *Global Gladiators*, the development team combined tools that they had developed for previous titles. The animation, background art, and music were respectively created by Mike Dietz, Christian Laursen, and Tommy Tallarico. David Bishop served as the game's designer, while the levels were designed by Bill Anderson. Aside from some branding, the game had little to do with the McDonald's franchise. This displeased visiting McDonald's executives, who questioned the lack of restaurants and Ronald McDonald. To this, Perry bluntly replied that no one liked Ronald McDonald and no one wanted restaurants in the game. Perry had planned to return to the United Kingdom upon the game's completion, but its unexpected critical success convinced him to stay in California; as he recalled, "it suddenly made people appreciate me". *Global Gladiators* impressed Walt Disney Computer Software producer Patrick Gilmore, which led to a relationship between Virgin and Disney that would produce such titles as *Disney's Aladdin* and *The Jungle Book*.

## Reception

*Sega Pro* magazine gave an overall score of 93/100, noting the game's challenging difficulty, praising the game's graphics—stating "brilliantly animated sprites and characters give this game a very polished feel"—and the game's sound as "very much geared to the rave style with a few rocky tunes for good measure" and concluding "\[A\] great game that will keep up till the wee hours, a definite purchase for all of you seeking a big challenge." Mega Action gave an overall score of 93%, describing the game as "a brilliant game with some really nice sprites".

1. Anderson, Magnus; Levene, Rebecca (2012). *Grand Thieves & Tomb Raiders: How British Video Games Conquered the World*. Aurum Entertainment. pp. 213–214. ISBN 978-1845137045.
2. Virgin Games (1992). *Global Gladiators* (Sega Genesis). Virgin Games. Level/area: Credits.
3. Horowitz, Ken (March 11, 2014). "Behind the Design: *Disney's Aladdin*". *Sega-16*. Archived from the original on March 15, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
4. "Global Gladiators (Genesis) - GameRankings". Archived from the original on 2015-11-19. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
5. Harris, Steve; Semrad, Ed; Alessi, Martin; Sushi-X (September 1992). "Review Crew: *Global Gladiators*". *Electronic Gaming Monthly*. Sendai Publishing. p. 24.
6. "Sega Master Force Issue 2" (2). September 1993: 10. Retrieved November 19, 2015. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
7. *Global Gladiators Review*. Paragon Publishing. March 1993. p. 27.
8. "Mega Library". *Mega Action* (1): 65. June 1993. Retrieved March 21, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Global Gladiators | |
| --- | --- |
| North American cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Virgin Games |
| Publisher(s) | Virgin Games |
| Producer(s) | David Luehmann |
| Designer(s) | David Bishop |
| Programmer(s) | David Perry |
| Artist(s) | * Mike Dietz * Christian Laursen |
| Composer(s) | Tommy Tallarico |
| Platform(s) | Genesis, Master System, Game Gear, Amiga |
| Release | * NA: 1992 * EU: March 1993 |
| Genre(s) | Platform |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Just Zoot

abstract: Just Zoot is the debut and only studio album by Australian rock/pop band Zoot. The album was released in July 1970 and peaked at number 12 on the Kent Music Report. The title is a correction to the reference of people often calling the band "The Zoot".

text:
# Just Zoot

***Just Zoot*** is the debut and only studio album by Australian rock/pop band Zoot. The album was released in July 1970 and peaked at number 12 on the Kent Music Report.

The title is a correction to the reference of people often calling the band "The Zoot".

## Track listing

LP/Cassette

Side A
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "One Times, Two Times, Three Times Four" |  |  |
| 2. | "Hey Mr. Songwriter" |  |  |
| 3. | "Flying" | * Springfield |  |
| 4. | "Yes I'm Glad" | * Britten |  |
| 5. | "Who's Afraid of You" | * Springfield |  |
| 6. | "About Time" |  |  |

Side B
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Monty and Me" |  |  |
| 2. | "Sailing" | * Britten |  |
| 3. | "Feelings" | * Cadd * Mudie |  |
| 4. | "Sha La La" | * Springfield |  |
| 5. | "She's Alright" | * Britten |  |
| 6. | "Shake Your Feathers" | * Springfield |  |

## Personnel

Zoot

## Charts

| Chart (1970) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart | 12 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Edition(s) | Label | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | July 1970 |  | Standard | Columbia Records | SCXO7916 |
| | | 12 April 2019 | Limited Edition Baby Pink | EMI Music | 7728576 |
|

## InfoBox

| Just Zoot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Zoot | |
| Released | July 1970 |
| Recorded | 1969–1970 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Columbia |
| Producer | Howard Gable; Ian Meldrum on "Monty and Me" |
| Zoot chronology | |
| ***Just Zoot***
(1970) *Zoot Out*
(1971) | |


title: Gərməxana

abstract: Gərməxana is a former village in what is now the Ismailli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It suffered from a devastating fire in 1902.

text:
# Gərməxana

40°43′N 48°09′E / 40.717°N 48.150°E / 40.717; 48.150

**Gərməxana** is a former village in what is now the Ismailli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It suffered from a devastating fire in 1902.

## InfoBox

| Gərməxana | |
| --- | --- |
| Gərməxana | |
| Coordinates: 40°43′N 48°09′E / 40.717°N 48.150°E / 40.717; 48.150 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Ismailli |
| Population | |
| Total | 0 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: La Belle, Texas

abstract: La Belle, also known as LaBelle, is an unincorporated community on Taylor Bayou and FM 365, approximately twelve miles south of Beaumont, in central Jefferson County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# La Belle, Texas

**La Belle**, also known as **LaBelle**, is an unincorporated community on Taylor Bayou and FM 365, approximately twelve miles south of Beaumont, in central Jefferson County, Texas, United States. It is part of the BeaumontPort Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Although officially recognized settlers had lived in the Taylor Bayou area since the 1830s, a post office was not established at the community known as Lower Taylor's Bayou until 1888. In that year new postmaster J. E. Broussard named the post office La Belle in honor of his fiancée, Mary Bell Bordages. The area's first school was probably started by Leo (Peg Leg) Craigen, near what later became the Port Arthur Country Club.

Located in the fertile but flood-prone prairies of the upper Texas Gulf Coast, La Belle was the site of one of several pumping stations designed to control flooding and drainage along Taylor Bayou.

Because of its somewhat isolated location, the LaBelle post office was discontinued in 1914. Local schools were consolidated with those of the town of Fannett in 1923. Fourteen years later, however, the discovery of large quantities of oil and natural gas at the La Belle oilfield, five miles south of the community, sparked new interest in the area. Scattered residences, the pumping station, and oilfields and gas lines to the south marked the La Belle community on maps during the mid-1970s.

In 1961, the Fannett Independent School District was combined with that of neighboring Hamshire, forming the Hamshire-Fannett Independent School District which currently serves area students.

29°52′47″N 94°9′40″W / 29.87972°N 94.16111°W / 29.87972; -94.16111


title: Ijegun

abstract: The village of Ijegun is a northern suburban community in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria.The area is home to oil tank farms.

text:
# Ijegun

The village of **Ijegun** is a northern suburban community in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria.The area is home to oil tank farms.

## History

On May 15, 2008, Ijegun was devastated by a massive explosion, killing over 100 people, after a bulldozer struck and ignited an oil pipeline. Another pipeline explosion occurred in 2019.

## Education Close-by

* Ijegun Comprehensive High School

6°31′01″N 3°15′25″E / 6.517°N 3.257°E / 6.517; 3.257

## InfoBox

| Ijegun | |
| --- | --- |
| Metropolitan city | |
| State | Lagos State |
| Local Government Area | Alimosho |
| Government | |
| Governor | Babajide Sanwo-Olu APC |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (CEST) |
| Postal Code | 100266 |


title: Pete Dominick

abstract: Peter J. Dominick is an American political comedian and talk radio personality.

text:
# Pete Dominick

**Peter J. Dominick** (born October 31, 1975) is an American political comedian and talk radio personality.

## Stand-up career

### Early life

Dominick was born in Syracuse, New York, and started performing in public during high school, where he would emcee talent shows and read morning announcements over the public-address system. His career took off in the late 1990s when he performed in various clubs around Manhattan, first as an amateur and later as a professional.

### Headlining

Dominick's comedy career expanded around the turn of the century when he began performing at colleges all over the country. He has performed at hundreds of campuses and started headlining clubs and theaters in 2005.

### Audience warm-up

One of Dominick's highest profile mediums as a stand-up comic was as the warm-up act for *The Colbert Report* with Stephen Colbert on Comedy Central. He has also filled in as the warm-up act for *The Daily Show* with Jon Stewart on over 100 episodes. In 2013, he left *The Colbert Report* in order to focus on his Sirius XM show and spend more time with his family.

Dominick has warmed up audiences for CNBC's *Mad Money* and is frequently the opening act for comedian Artie Lange.

## Radio career

### *Comedy By Request*

In 2006, Dominick was approached by Sirius Satellite Radio and signed up to host the *Comedy by Request* program on their uncensored comedy channel Raw Dog (Sirius 104, XM 150) after his performance on the *New Faces Of Comedy* show at the Montréal *Just for Laughs* festival, "one of the highest honors a young comedian can achieve." He remained with *Comedy by Request* on Raw Dog until November 2008, when he left to concentrate his efforts on his program at P.O.T.U.S., *Stand Up! With Pete Dominick*.

### *Getting Late with Pete Dominick*

About a month after being on air with *Comedy by Request* in 2006, Dominick was approached by Sirius to host an additional show, *Getting Late with Pete Dominick*, also on Raw Dog, which featured pre-taped interviews with notable celebrities and comedians such as Dave Attell, Robert Schimmel, Steven Wright and Louis CK.

### *Stand Up! with Pete Dominick*

On February 21, 2008, Dominick began hosting the political talk show *Pete's Big Mouth* on the now-defunct Sirius channel Indie Talk, which had launched two weeks earlier, along with Sean Bertollo (executive producer), Aaron Hodges (co-producer), and Alexandra Di Trolio (co-producer). The show continued until November 12, 2008, at which point it was renamed *Stand Up! with Pete Dominick* during the new channel lineup that resulted from the merger of Sirius and XM, which also saw Indie Talk on Sirius and P.O.T.U.S. '08 on XM being combined to form P.O.T.U.S. on Sirius 110 and XM 130.

The three-hour program was broadcast live weekdays from 3:00 to 6:00 PM Eastern and explored political and current events relevant to the United States, consistent with the motto of the P.O.T.U.S. channel: "Politics of the United States, for the people of the United States."

In February 2013, Dominick and *Stand Up! with Pete Dominick* left P.O.T.U.S. and moved to Indie, in the morning time slot of 6:00 to 9:00 AM Eastern, with a repeat immediately following at 9:00 AM. On this new channel and slot, the show has continued to spend a lot of time on politics but has also had more freedom to branch out into other topics, including religion, race, energy, education policy, veterans' issues, and parenting, among others.

Guests that have been interviewed on *Stand Up! with Pete Dominick* include Michael Scheuer, former CIA analyst; Tim Wise, prominent anti-racist activist and writer; David Kilcullen, former senior counterinsurgency advisor to General David Petraeus; Evan Wolfson, civil rights attorney and advocate; Ann Coulter, social and political commentator, columnist, and author; Jesse Ventura, former governor of Minnesota; Kashif Hasnie, RAND fellow and expert on issues pertaining to Afghanistan and Pakistan, and many others.

On October 11, 2019, following two days of an unexpected absence from live broadcasting, Dominick announced through a recorded message at the start of his normal time slot that Sirius XM failed to renew his contract with the satellite radio platform, and Dominick had decided to "end the show early". It was unclear how long the show could have continued had it lasted through the final days of what was contractually suggested.

### Rick Sánchez firing

On September 30, 2010, Rick Sánchez was interviewed on Sirius XM's radio show *Stand Up With Pete Dominick.* Sánchez's interview occurred on the final day of his show in the 8 p.m. time slot and he was reportedly angry about being replaced by CNN's new *Parker Spitzer* talk show. The day following his remarks, CNN announced that Sanchez was no longer employed with the company.

## CNN

In March 2010, Dominick began appearing as a correspondent on CNN's *John King, USA*, in a man on the street segment called "Pete on the Street". Dominick's weekend show *What the Week* premiered on CNN in October 2010.

## Personal views

Dominick is routinely open about his political and philosophical views on the program *Stand Up! With Pete Dominick*, freely admitting that he brings personal bias to the show, and a strong opinion on certain issues (e.g., gay marriage). During his CNN broadcasts in particular, he routinely has left-leaning bias, but his SiriusXM show *Stand Up! With Pete Dominick* usually consists of an open debate.

He describes himself as an agnostic atheist whenever relevant subjects arise, a view point he described arriving at "around 1996 or 1997", leaving behind the Catholic beliefs he had grown up with. More recently, Dominick has stated that while he doesn't necessarily believe in a God, he has a strong spiritual side and believes in the interconnectedness of life. He practices transcendental meditation.

He can also be heard admitting regularly to being fallible—that he can be wrong and has been wrong—and encouraging listeners to challenge him "through conversation on important issues." He can also be heard telling his listening audience on practically every episode to "think for yourself", to "check your sources", and to "always question what you hear" and so forth, a message he typically closes every episode with.

He consistently tries to avoid political labels, insisting that callers speak to the issues without pigeon-holing themselves with labels that do not contribute anything meaningful other than partisan divisions.

## Personal life

Dominick lives in Rockland County, New York, with his wife and two daughters.

Dominick attended and graduated from SUNY Cobleskill, where he spent his time playing lacrosse, announcing basketball games, and working as a resident assistant.

## InfoBox

| Pete Dominick | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1975-10-31) October 31, 1975
Syracuse, New York |
| Medium | Stand-up, television, radio |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Genres | Situational comedy, progressive, liberal |
| Notable works and roles | Host of *Stand Up!* on Sirius XM Radio
Guest on FOX's *Red Eye* |
| Website | http://standupwithpetedominick.com |


title: Music Centre of Christchurch

abstract: The Music Centre of Christchurch was a facility for music organisations in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand. It was established in 1994 and provided office, rehearsal, tuition and performance space for a wide range of music groups. The centre was adjacent to the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament and consisted of a group of four heritage buildings formerly the convent of the Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions and Sacred Heart College, a Catholic secondary school for girls founded in 1881 which was amalgamated with Xavier College, a neighbouring Catholic boys' school to form Catholic Cathedral College in 1987. The chapel, built in 1907, was designed by Joseph Munnings while he was in partnership with Samuel Hurst Seager and Cecil Wood. It is one of the only examples of Byzantine revival architecture in the Southern Hemisphere. The three-storey main convent building, designed in 1882 by Francis Petre is the oldest building in the complex. It was opened in 1894. The Portery was added in 1902 to extend the convent. It was restored with the girls’ boarding hostel for Sacred Heart College, constructed in 1930. Both buildings became part of the music centre in 2004. The chapel was the primary performance space. The buildings were badly damaged in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Two of the centre's four buildings sustained significant earthquake damage. The three-storey main building has been demolished. It was hoped that the music centre would reopen on the existing site but it moved to Antigua Street to a purpose-built building called The Piano. The Christchurch School of Music, one of the tenants of the Music Centre, had about 800 students attending weekly classes taught by 80 teachers at the Music Centre and the adjacent Catholic Cathedral College. Those classes were now being held at Christchurch Boys' High School and Rangi Ruru Girls' School.

text:
# Music Centre of Christchurch

The **Music Centre of Christchurch** was a facility for music organisations in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand. It was established in 1994 and provided office, rehearsal, tuition and performance space for a wide range of music groups. The centre was adjacent to the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament and consisted of a group of four heritage buildings formerly the convent of the Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions and Sacred Heart College, a Catholic secondary school for girls founded in 1881 which was amalgamated with Xavier College, a neighbouring Catholic boys' school to form Catholic Cathedral College in 1987.

The chapel, built in 1907, was designed by Joseph Munnings while he was in partnership with Samuel Hurst Seager and Cecil Wood. It is one of the only examples of Byzantine revival architecture in the Southern Hemisphere. The three-storey main convent building, designed in 1882 by Francis Petre is the oldest building in the complex. It was opened in 1894. The Portery was added in 1902 to extend the convent. It was restored with the girls’ boarding hostel for Sacred Heart College, constructed in 1930. Both buildings became part of the music centre in 2004. The chapel was the primary performance space.

The buildings were badly damaged in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Two of the centre's four buildings sustained significant earthquake damage. The three-storey main building has been demolished. It was hoped that the music centre would reopen on the existing site but it moved to Antigua Street to a purpose-built building called The Piano.

The Christchurch School of Music, one of the tenants of the Music Centre, had about 800 students attending weekly classes taught by 80 teachers at the Music Centre and the adjacent Catholic Cathedral College. Those classes were now being held at Christchurch Boys' High School and Rangi Ruru Girls' School.

43°32′16″S 172°38′46″E / 43.5377°S 172.6461°E / -43.5377; 172.6461


title: Maszovlet

abstract: Maszovlet was a Hungarian airline founded on March 29, 1946. It was a predecessor of Malév.

text:
# Maszovlet

**Maszovlet** (short for *Magyar–Szovjet Polgári Légiforgalmi Részvénytársaság,* "Hungarian-Soviet Civil Air Transport Joint Stock Company") was a Hungarian airline founded on March 29, 1946. It was a predecessor of Malév.

## History

The first Hungarian airline companies, *Aeroexpress Rt.,* *Magyar Aeroforgalmi Rt.* (Maefort) and *Magyar Légiforgalmi Rt.* (Malert) had to suspend operations during World War II. Maszovlet was founded after the war as the national airline of the newly Communist state, with technical assistance from the Soviet Union. The airline was jointly owned by Hungary and the USSR.

In the beginning its fleet consisted of five 21-seat Lisunov Li-2 passenger aircraft (a licensed Soviet version of Douglas DC-3) and five 3-seat Po-2 plane which carried air mail. Its base was Budaörs Airport, the pre-war international airport of the country (Ferihegy airport had already been under construction but suffered severe damages during the war). Domestic flights started on October 15, 1946 from Budapest to Szombathely and Debrecen; flights to Szeged and Győr started the same year. The airline had 1864 passengers in the short period between October 15 and the end of the year. In 1947 the airline received another four Li-2 aircraft, followed by two in 1948, finally in 1952 another Li-2, originally bought for the Army, was added to the airline fleet to replace a plane lost to an accident earlier during the year.

From 1947 the capital was connected by regular flights to Miskolc and Pécs, and during the next years Békéscsaba, Kaposvár, Nagykanizsa, Nyíregyháza and Zalaegerszeg also joined the list of destinations. Seasonal summer flights connected the capital to Siófok, a popular holiday destination next to Lake Balaton. Not all flights originated from Budapest; for example, from 1952 there were flights between Szeged and Pécs, and from 1954 between Pécs and Kaposvár. The extensive domestic flight network consisting of relatively short routes (the distance to most of these cities is between 120 km and 230 km) was necessitated by the fact that motorways and railways suffered great damage during the war. Flights cost around the same as a first-class train ticket.

International flights started already in 1947, with the Budapest-Prague route. By the summer of 1954 the airline served 12 domestic airports and started services on the Warsaw, East Berlin and Bucharest routes.

In 1950 operations moved to the newly finished Ferihegy International Airport which has been Hungary's main airport ever since then. Budaörs airport is now used for general aviation only.

On November 25, 1954 Hungary bought the Soviet Union's shares in the company. This meant the end of Maszovlet and the birth of the new national airline Malév, which existed until its dissolution in 2012.

## Incidents and accidents

* On January 4, 1949 an Li-2 (HA-LIE) en route from Pécs to Budapest was hijacked by reserve flight lieutenant János Majoros and pilot Miklós Kun. The plane landed in Munich, West Germany. This was the first plane hijacking in Hungary after World War II. Both hijackers and some passengers stayed abroad; others returned to Hungary. After this incident planes carried ÁVH agents in civilian clothing, disguised as passengers.
* On November 14, 1949 an Li-2 (HA-LIK), en route from Budapest to Pécs, crashed into the Mecsek mountains due to poor visibility. All crew and one passenger, six persons in total, died, a security officer survived.
* On March 2, 1951 two aircraft mechanics took off in a Po-2 from Ferihegy and fled to the West.
* On October 2, 1952 an Li-2 (HA-LIL) was flying the Budapest–Miskolc–Nyíregyháza–Budapest route. Due to poor weather conditions the landing in Miskolc succeeded only at the third attempt, yet the crew decided to continue the flight towards Nyíregyháza, where after several landing attempts the plane landed on slippery grass and crashed into a building. Three crew members, including the pilot and the co-pilot, died, two other crew members and the three passengers suffered severe injuries.

## Destinations

Domestic International

## Sources

## InfoBox

Maszovlet
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| IATA ICAO Call sign  - MSU - | |
| Founded | March 29, 1946 (1946-03-29) |
| Commenced operations | October 15, 1946 (1946-10-15) |
| Ceased operations | November 25, 1954 (1954-11-25) |
| Operating bases | Budaörs Airport (1946–1950) Ferihegy International Airport (1950–1954)<br> |
| Fleet size | 10 |
| Destinations | 17 |
| Headquarters | Budapest |


title: Turridrupa akhaiderensis

abstract: Turridrupa akhaiderensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

text:
# Turridrupa akhaiderensis

***Turridrupa akhaiderensis*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 14 mm.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species was found in Helvetian strata in the Cairo-Suez district, Egypt.

## InfoBox

| *Turridrupa akhaiderensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Turridae |
| Genus: | *Turridrupa* |
| Species: | ***T. akhaiderensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turridrupa akhaiderensis***<br>(E.A. Smith, 1877) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Gemmula (Turridrupa) akhaiderensis* Houssein L.Abbas, 1977 | |


title: Give It a Lash Jack

abstract: "Give It a Lash Jack" is a song by Liam Harrison and the GOAL Celebrities. The song was released to mark Ireland's 1990 FIFA World Cup campaign. It reached number one in the Irish Singles Chart in May 1990 and stayed there for 2 non-consecutive weeks. It was followed up in 1994 by "Give It A Lash Again". In a 2011 interview on RTÉ Television, film director Jim Sheridan said that he and Bono had agreed that "Give It A Lash Jack" was the "greatest Irish song ever written". The song is sung in the Sky TV series Moone Boy, series 2 episode 1, which takes place during the 1990 World Cup.

text:
# Give It a Lash Jack

"**Give It a Lash Jack**" is a song by Liam Harrison and the GOAL Celebrities. The song was released to mark Ireland's 1990 FIFA World Cup campaign.

It reached number one in the Irish Singles Chart in May 1990 and stayed there for 2 non-consecutive weeks. It was followed up in 1994 by "Give It A Lash Again".

In a 2011 interview on RTÉ Television, film director Jim Sheridan said that he and Bono had agreed that "Give It A Lash Jack" was the "greatest Irish song ever written".

The song is sung in the Sky TV series *Moone Boy*, series 2 episode 1, which takes place during the 1990 World Cup.

## InfoBox

| "Give It a Lash Jack" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Liam Harrison and the GOAL Celebrities | |
| B-side | "The Boys in Green" (Dublin City Ramblers) |
| Released | 1990 |
| Recorded | 1990 |
| Genre | Novelty |
| Length | 3:22 |
| Label | Dolphin Records |
| Producer(s) | John Drummond |


title: Propachyrucos

abstract: Propachyrucos is an extinct genus of late Oligocene hegetotheriid notoungulate. It is known from a few mandibular fragments from the Sarmiento Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina.

text:
# Propachyrucos

***Propachyrucos*** is an extinct genus of late Oligocene hegetotheriid notoungulate. It is known from a few mandibular fragments from the Sarmiento Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina.

## Description

Possibly similar to *Prosotherium*, but almost 20% smaller, more similar in size to *Pachyrukhos* and *Paedotherium*, and almost 30% larger than *Tremacyllus*.

The molars had two internal folds separated by a further deep fold, like the Interatheriidae ; dental cementum was present, but to a lesser extent than in *Interatherium*. The lower teeth were flat on the outside and bilobed on the inside.

## Classification

*Propachyrucos* was first described in 1897 by Florentino Ameghino, based on a right mandible fragment found in Oligocene terrains of the Sarmiento Formation in Argentina, initially believed by Ameghino to have been Cretaceous. The type species is *Propachyrucos smithwoodwardi*, but other species have been attributed to the genus, such as *P. aequilatus*, *P. robustus*, and *P. ameghinorum*, the latter species, described in 1945 by George Gaylord Simpson from fossils found in the Chubut Province, is known from a remarkably complete skeleton, permitting to reconstruct the animal appearance with high precision. However, recent researches tend to indicate that all the other species of *Propachyrucos* are in fact synonymous with the type species.

*Propachyrucos* was a hegetothere, a group of notoungulates that evolved in isolation on the South American continent, giving rise to forms resembling hares and rabbits. *Propachyrucos* was a member of Pachyrukhinae, a subfamily of hegetotheres particularly similar to modern lagomorphs.

In a 1999 unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, the *Propachyrucos* species *P. ameghinorum* and *P. simpsoni* were synonymized with *Prosotherium garzoni.* This was supported by a 2019 reassessment as well as a number of other studies. As the most well preserved specimen of *Propachyrucos* was previously the nearly complete holotype of *P. ameghinorum*, *Propachyrucos smithwoodwardi* is now only known from a few mandibular fragments. The 2019 study recovers the features of *P. ameghinorum* as consistent with those of juvenile *Prosotherium garzoni* (although the holotype of *P. ameghinorum* was not directly examined*).* Despite this, until 2019, phylogenetic analyses regularly scored *Propachyrucos* for cranial and post-cranial characters, which are known only from the synonymized *P. ameghinorum* and *P. simpson*i.

## Paleoecology

*Propachyrucos* and its relatives were animals well suited to running and jumping. Body proportions similar to those of *Propachyrucos*'s relatives can also be found in the Cainotheriidae, a group of artiodactyls from the Oligocene-Miocene of Europe.

## References and bibliography

* F. Ameghino. 1897. Mamiferos Cretaceos de la Argentina. Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna mastologica de las capas con restos de Pyrotherium. Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18:406-521
* S. Roth. 1898. Reconocimiento de la Region Andina de la República Argentina. Apuntes sobre la Geología y la Paleontología de los Territorios del Río Negro y Neuquén (Diciembre de 1895 á Junio de 1896) \[Reconnaissance of the Andean Region of the Argentine Republic. Notes on the Geology and Paleontology of the Territories of the Río Negro and Neuquén (December 1895 to June 1896)\] 1-56
* F. Ameghino. 1901. Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés nouveaux des terrains crétacés de Patagonie \[Preliminary notes on new ungulates from the Cretaceous terrains of Patagonia\]. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 16:349-429
* G. G. Simpson. 1945. A Deseado Hegetothere from Patagonia. American Journal of Science 243(10):550-564
* E. Cerdeño and M. Reguero. 2015. The Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) assemblage from the late Oligocene of Mendoza, central-western Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(2):e907173:1-14

## InfoBox

| *Propachyrucos*
Temporal range: Late Oligocene-Early Miocene
~ | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Notoungulata |
| Family: | Hegetotheriidae |
| Genus: | *Propachyrucos*
Ameghino, 1897 |
| Species: | ***P. smithwoodwardi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Propachyrucos smithwoodwardi***
Ameghino, 1897 | |
|


title: Gərməçataq

abstract: Gərməçataq is a village and municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 41 km in the north from the district center, on the average mountainous area. Its population is busy with gardening, beekeeping and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 507.

text:
# Gərməçataq

**Gərməçataq** (also, **Kərməçatax**, **Germachatakh**, **Girmechatakh**, and **Kyarmachatakh**) is a village and municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 41 km in the north from the district center, on the average mountainous area. Its population is busy with gardening, beekeeping and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 507.

## Etymology

The name of the village is associated with **Gərməçatax** (Garmachatakh) River which is flowing from this area. The original version is *Girməcatax*. It is the left tributary of the Jahrychay River. Hydronym was made with components of *Girmə* (the crossing location of the river) and *catax* (two-headed, double, adjacent to each other) and means "the river adjacent in the crossing place".

## InfoBox

| Gərməçataq | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Gərməçataq | |
| Coordinates: 39°29′29″N 45°25′59″E / 39.49139°N 45.43306°E / 39.49139; 45.43306 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Autonomous republic | Nakhchivan |
| District | Babek |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 507 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |


title: Rocky Marshall

abstract: Rocky Marshall is an English television and film actor, living near Battersea Park.

text:
# Rocky Marshall

**Rocky Marshall** (born c.1967) is an English television and film actor, living near Battersea Park.

## Biography

Rocky Marshall trained at Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts and was taught by Sam Kogan for the first 2 years there. He has starred in movies such as *Hart's War*, *Re-Kill*, *Mean Machine*, Remainder and *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* as Colonel Datoo. He has also appeared on several television programmes in both guest roles and starring roles, including *Family Affairs*, *Casualty*, *Band of Brothers*, *Rome*, *Holby City* (as registrar Ed Keating), *Dalziel and Pascoe* (BBC TV series), *Law & Order: UK*, *Waking the Dead* (BBC TV series), *Silk* (BBC TV series), *Bostock's Cup* and *The Bill.*

He has also appeared in many plays,varying from fringe productions to the West End. These include: Piaf, Faustus, Macbeth, Rabbit, Realism, The Love Girl and the Innocent.

In 2014, Marshall appeared in *Emmerdale* as the recurring character DI Bails, a police officer intent on jailing Charity Dingle for her various crimes. He reappeared in 2018.

In 2015, Marshall appeared in series 3 of popular ITV period drama *Mr Selfridge* as DI Perkiss. From 2016 Marshall appeared in The Royals for 3 seasons as head of security James Hill. He also appeared in A Confession for ITV in 2019.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Clancy's Kitchen* | Jamie |  |
| 2001 | *Band of Brothers* | Earl McClung |  |
| 2001 | *Mean Machine* | Cigs |  |
| 2002 | *Hart's War* | Capt. Robert M. Swann |  |
| 2009 | *Mr. Right* | William |  |
| 2014 | *Montana* | DC Liam West |  |
| 2014-2015, 2018 | *Emmerdale* | DI Mark Bails |  |
| 2015 | *Remainder* | Dom |  |
| 2015 | *Re-Kill* | Langford |  |
| 2015 | *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* | Colonel Datoo |  |

## InfoBox

| Rocky Marshall | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1967 (age 5657)<br>Sudbury, Suffolk, England |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Olive View–UCLA Medical Center

abstract: Olive View–UCLA Medical Center is a hospital, funded by Los Angeles County, located in the Sylmar neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is one of the primary healthcare delivery systems in the north San Fernando Valley, serving the area's large working-class population. Olive View is also the closest county hospital serving the Antelope Valley after High Desert Hospital was converted to an urgent care clinic in 2003.

text:
# Olive View–UCLA Medical Center

**Olive View–UCLA Medical Center** is a hospital, funded by Los Angeles County, located in the Sylmar neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is one of the primary healthcare delivery systems in the north San Fernando Valley, serving the area's large working-class population. Olive View is also the closest county hospital serving the Antelope Valley after High Desert Hospital was converted to an urgent care clinic in 2003.

## Overview

The 355-bed replacement facility built on the old Sylmar site was opened on May 8, 1987. Olive View incorporated UCLA in its name, becoming Olive View–UCLA Medical Center in 1992. In May 1997, Olive View–UCLA Medical Center became a part of ValleyCare, which maintains responsibility for the care of the medically indigent, low income, uninsured residents of the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys.

Olive View–UCLA Medical Center has an affiliation with the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, offering residency programs in major specialty areas as well as providing an on-campus School of Nursing. It is also a rotation site for medical students at UCLA.

## History

The hospital was founded on October 27, 1920, as a tuberculosis (TB) sanatorium to relieve overcrowding at County General Hospital, and when it was no longer needed for TB treatment, the facilities became an acute care hospital in 1970. In 1962, Olive View Hospital performed the first open heart surgery successfully in the San Fernando Valley, and one of the first in Southern California.

The hospital was known as Olive View Hospital before it became affiliated with the University of California, Los Angeles's School of Medicine in 1970. Olive View Hospital became Olive View Medical Center, a teaching hospital and a new 888-bed hospital was dedicated in December, 1970.

The hospital was severely damaged six weeks after it opened during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake on February 9, 1971, which caused the collapse of the four stairwell wings, as well as the parking structure. The first floor columns of the five-story main structure nearly failed as well, shifting the entire building 18 inches off center to the north, which nearly brought down the entire structure. The building was damaged beyond repair, and subsequently vacated, abandoned, and demolished by implosion on May 31, 1973. For the next sixteen years, Olive View served its patients through an interim facility at MidValley in Van Nuys.

On March 9, 1975, Department of Health Services Security Officer Murray F. Olsen was killed in the line of duty on the grounds of Olive View Medical Center. Olsen observed a suspect crash his truck through the gates of the medical center parking lot, and race onto the vacant hospital grounds. Pursuing the suspect in his county patrol car, he made a vehicle stop and confronted the suspect, Steven Vyeda of Watsonville, CA. Responding LAPD officers found Officer Olson deceased on the ground next to his vehicle; he had been stabbed and then shot with his own weapon. His official cause of death was "contusion of spinal cord, gunshot wound to face, multiple stab wounds" per the Coroner's report. The suspect was shot and killed by police later that day.

The rebuilt Olive View–UCLA Medical Center was opened in 1987. In June 1992, Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved postgraduate physicians from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center to work at Olive View–UCLA Medical Center. Physicians can now receive training not available at Cedars-Sinai. Olive View–UCLA Medical Center in Sylmar is provided with three additional doctors at a cost to the county of $9,000 a month.

The 2008 Sayre Fire caused damage to several outbuildings, and led to an evacuation of the intensive care patients from the hospital.

Before the 1973 demolition, the hospital served as a filming location, where it played itself in a 1973 episode of the *Emergency!* television show. It also served as the set for a nuclear war-damaged then-futuristic jail facility in the TV series *Mission Impossible* in the seventh-season episode "Two Thousand".

The current facility was used in scenes for the 1987 film *Over the Top* starring Sylvester Stallone.

## Notable staff

* Selma Calmes, co-founder of the Anesthesia History Association, former chair of the department of anesthesiology.

## InfoBox

| Olive View–UCLA Medical Center | |
| --- | --- |
| Los Angeles County Department of Health Services | |
|  | |
| Olive View Medical Center in 2023 | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | 14445 Olive View Dr., Sylmar, California, United States |
| Coordinates | 34°19′33″N 118°26′45″W / 34.32585°N 118.44576°W / 34.32585; -118.44576 |
| Organization | |
| Care system | Public |
| Funding | Government hospital |
| Type | Teaching |
| Affiliated university | University of California, Los Angeles |
| Services | |
| Beds | 355 |
| History | |
| Opened | October 27, 1920 (1920-10-27) |
| Links | |
| Website | dhs.lacounty.gov/wps/portal/dhs/oliveview |
| Lists | Hospitals in California |


title: Pete Dominguez

abstract: Pete Dominguez is an American professional basketball coach who is an assistant coach for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

text:
# Pete Dominguez

**Pete Dominguez** is an American professional basketball coach who is an assistant coach for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

## Coaching career

Dominguez began his NBA coaching career in 2018 as a video coordinator for the Los Angeles Clippers under head coach Doc Rivers.

In 2020, Dominguez joined the Philadelphia 76ers as a coaching associate, reuniting with head coach Doc Rivers.

In 2023, Dominguez was briefly the head coach of Obras Sanitarias of the Argentine National Basketball League, before leaving to join the Bucks of the NBA.

In 2024, the Milwaukee Bucks named Dominguez as an assistant coach under head coach Doc Rivers.

Dominguez also serves as a lead assistant coach for the Armenia men's national basketball team under head coach Rex Kalamian.

## Personal life

Dominguez is a graduate of San Francisco State University.

## InfoBox

Pete Dominguez
| Milwaukee Bucks | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Assistant coach |
| League | NBA |
| Career information | |
| College | San Francisco State University |
| Coaching career | 2018–present |
| Career history | |
| As coach: | |
| 2018-2022 | Los Angeles Clippers (head video coordinator) |
| 2020–2023 | Philadelphia 76ers (coaching associate) |
| 2024-present | Milwaukee Bucks (assistant) |
|  | |


title: Hailwell, Kentucky

abstract: Hailwell is an unincorporated community located in Hickman County, Kentucky, United States.

text:
# Hailwell, Kentucky

**Hailwell** is an unincorporated community located in Hickman County, Kentucky, United States.

## InfoBox

| Hailwell, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| HailwellHailwell | |
| Coordinates: 36°40′35″N 89°6′21″W / 36.67639°N 89.10583°W / 36.67639; -89.10583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Hickman |
| Elevation | 312 ft (95 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CST) |
| GNIS feature ID | 508156 |


title: Greenbrier, Arkansas

abstract: Greenbrier is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Central Arkansas region. The population was 5,707 at the 2020 census, up from 4,706 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Greenbrier, Arkansas

**Greenbrier** is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Central Arkansas region. The population was 5,707 at the 2020 census, up from 4,706 at the 2010 census.

## History

Prior to European settlement, Native American tribes, including the Quapaw and later the Cherokee, lived in the area. Several historical figures of the Wild West such as Jim Bowie and Jesse James passed through the Greenbrier region toward Oklahoma and Texas. The Wiley brothers settled near East Fork Cadron around 1818, about 8 miles (13 km) east of today's Greenbrier. In 1837, Jonathan Hardin settled near the Wiley settlement. Also in the early 19th century, the Casharagos settled north of Greenbrier in the present community of Republican.

Greenbrier is a town that developed from a minor brothel on the Butterfield Stagecoach route into a bustling city. The town was named for the greenbriar vines which grew along the creek through the town. Greenbrier is located 12 miles (19 km) north of Conway on Highway 65. Recent years have seen continued growth as Greenbrier becomes a bedroom community for Conway. As early as 1818 settlers were in the vicinity of what is now Greenbrier. Mooresville was given as the name for this fast growing community. It was later changed to Greenbrier when the first post office was established on September 15, 1857. Henderson Moore was the first postmaster.

Greenbrier was incorporated as a town on April 5, 1880, with an estimated population of 300 people. Hardin Township at this time had 886 people and Cadron Township had 2,916 people. In 1905 Greenbrier could boast of eight general stores, three grist mills, four cotton gins, a steam sawmill and a shingle mill, three churches, a six-room school building, and 350 people.

There was a period of uncertainty from 1920 to 1940. Floods, droughts, and the Great Depression of 1930-1935 plagued Greenbrier and the social and cultural atmosphere displayed the feelings of uncertainty and dismay. As adjustments were made to the natural physical setbacks, there emerged a conservative type of culture. Some businesses closed permanently, others changed hands several times. Only a few stayed in business the entire period from 1920 to 1940. After 1935 the New Deal ushered in activities that provided employment which gave a new spurt of life.

The next two decades saw a reprieve from the earlier stagnation and people were again motivated to make Greenbrier into a thriving village. The relocation of U.S. Highway 65 through Greenbrier in 1942 gave a real boost to the town. Following the drought of 1950, a rapid movement from cotton to dairy and livestock farming was observed. The income from the average farm tripled.

On September 9, 1949, the townspeople elected Hugh Henry as mayor; P.B. Matthews, recorder; Joe Castleberry, treasurer; and these five aldermen: Div Williams, W.A. Dillaha, Marvin Cantrell, S.C. Case and C.R. Denton. J.A. Dickens was elected marshal. Mayors since 1949 have been: Royce Williams, Howard Lawrence, Percy Matthews (acting due to the resignation of Howard Lawrence), Cecil Garrett, Eddie Garrett (no relation), and D.P. (Press) Kelso.

The population in the incorporated area in 1980 was 1,423.

## Geography

Greenbrier is located in northwestern Faulkner County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.9 square miles (20.5 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | 375 |  |  |
| 1960 | 401 |  | 6.9% |
| 1970 | 582 |  | 45.1% |
| 1980 | 1,423 |  | 144.5% |
| 1990 | 2,130 |  | 49.7% |
| 2000 | 3,042 |  | 42.8% |
| 2010 | 4,706 |  | 54.7% |
| 2020 | 5,707 |  | 21.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2020 census

Greenbrier racial composition
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 5,030 | 88.14% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 86 | 1.51% |
| Native American | 31 | 0.54% |
| Asian | 23 | 0.4% |
| Pacific Islander | 2 | 0.04% |
| Other/Mixed | 334 | 5.85% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 201 | 3.52% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,707 people, 2,014 households, and 1,365 families residing in the city.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,042 people, 1,137 households, and 892 families residing in the city. The population density was 392.6 inhabitants per square mile (151.6/km2). There were 1,247 housing units at an average density of 160.9 per square mile (62.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.37% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. 0.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,137 households, out of which 42.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.7% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,351, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $28,699 versus $24,630 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,950. About 7.2% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Public education for elementary and secondary school students is primarily provided by the Greenbrier School District, which leads to graduation from Greenbrier High School. Greenbrier was ranked #1 School District in the State.

## Earthquake swarm

On February 27, 2011, a magnitude 4.7 earthquake hit just outside Greenbrier. The quake was felt in several adjacent states, and as far away as Iowa. A swarm of almost 800 earthquakes have hit Arkansas since September 2010.

## Politics

Greenbrier is represented in the Arkansas House of Representatives by the Republican Stephen Meeks.

## Transportation

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Greenbrier, Arkansas
3. "QuickFacts: Greenbrier city, Arkansas". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
4. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Greenbrier city, Arkansas". *American Factfinder*. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
6. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
7. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
8. Sarah Eddington, "Largest Earthquake in 35 Years Hits Arkansas", Associated Press via *Kansas City Star* (February 28, 2011)
9. "Arkansas Bus Stops". Retrieved July 20, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Greenbrier, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Location of Greenbrier in Faulkner County, Arkansas. | |
| Coordinates: 35°13′46″N 92°23′21″W / 35.22944°N 92.38917°W / 35.22944; -92.38917 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Faulkner |
| Area | |
| City | 7.93 sq mi (20.55 km2) |
| Land | 7.93 sq mi (20.55 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 358 ft (109 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| City | 5,707 |
| Density | 719.22/sq mi (277.67/km2) |
| Metro | 748,031 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 72058 |
| Area code | 501 |
| FIPS code | 05-28510 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2403740 |
| Website | www.gogreenbrier.com |


title: Glyphodes pradolalis

abstract: Glyphodes pradolalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1897. It is found in Loja Province, Ecuador.

text:
# Glyphodes pradolalis

***Glyphodes pradolalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1897. It is found in Loja Province, Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Glyphodes pradolalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Glyphodes* |
| Species: | ***G. pradolalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glyphodes pradolalis***<br>(Dognin, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Margarodes pradolalis* Dognin, 1897 | |


title: Proper length

abstract: Proper length or rest length is the length of an object in the object's rest frame. The measurement of lengths is more complicated in the theory of relativity than in classical mechanics. In classical mechanics, lengths are measured based on the assumption that the locations of all points involved are measured simultaneously. But in the theory of relativity, the notion of simultaneity is dependent on the observer. A different term, proper distance, provides an invariant measure whose value is the same for all observers. Proper distance is analogous to proper time. The difference is that the proper distance is defined between two spacelike-separated events, while the proper time is defined between two timelike-separated events.

text:
# Proper length

**Proper length** or **rest length** is the length of an object in the object's rest frame.

The measurement of lengths is more complicated in the theory of relativity than in classical mechanics. In classical mechanics, lengths are measured based on the assumption that the locations of all points involved are measured simultaneously. But in the theory of relativity, the notion of simultaneity is dependent on the observer.

A different term, **proper distance**, provides an invariant measure whose value is the same for all observers.

*Proper distance* is analogous to proper time. The difference is that the proper distance is defined between two spacelike-separated events (or along a spacelike path), while the proper time is defined between two timelike-separated events (or along a timelike path).

## Proper length or rest length

The *proper length* or *rest length* of an object is the length of the object measured by an observer which is at rest relative to it, by applying standard measuring rods on the object. The measurement of the object's endpoints doesn't have to be simultaneous, since the endpoints are constantly at rest at the same positions in the object's rest frame, so it is independent of Δ*t*. This length is thus given by:

$$L\_{0}=\Delta x.$$

However, in relatively moving frames the object's endpoints have to be measured simultaneously, since they are constantly changing their position. The resulting length is shorter than the rest length, and is given by the formula for length contraction (with *γ* being the Lorentz factor):

$$L={\frac {L\_{0}{\gamma }.}}$$

In comparison, the invariant proper distance between two arbitrary events happening at the endpoints of the same object is given by:

$$\Delta \sigma ={\sqrt {\Delta x^{2}-c^{2}\Delta t^{2}.}}$$

So Δ*σ* depends on Δ*t*, whereas (as explained above) the object's rest length *L*0 can be measured independently of Δ*t*. It follows that Δ*σ* and *L*0, measured at the endpoints of the same object, only agree with each other when the measurement events were simultaneous in the object's rest frame so that Δ*t* is zero. As explained by Fayngold:

p. 407: "Note that the *proper distance* between two events is generally *not* the same as the *proper length* of an object whose end points happen to be respectively coincident with these events. Consider a solid rod of constant proper length *l*0. If you are in the rest frame *K*0 of the rod, and you want to measure its length, you can do it by first marking its endpoints. And it is not necessary that you mark them simultaneously in *K*0. You can mark one end now (at a moment *t*1) and the other end later (at a moment *t*2) in *K*0, and then quietly measure the distance between the marks. We can even consider such measurement as a possible operational definition of proper length. From the viewpoint of the experimental physics, the requirement that the marks be made simultaneously is redundant for a stationary object with constant shape and size, and can in this case be dropped from such definition. Since the rod is stationary in *K*0, the distance between the marks is the *proper length* of the rod regardless of the time lapse between the two markings. On the other hand, it is not the *proper distance* between the marking events if the marks are not made simultaneously in *K*0."

## Proper distance between two events in flat space

In special relativity, the proper distance between two spacelike-separated events is the distance between the two events, as measured in an inertial frame of reference in which the events are simultaneous. In such a specific frame, the distance is given by

$\Delta \sigma ={\sqrt {\Delta x^{2}+\Delta y^{2}+\Delta z^{2},}}$

where

The definition can be given equivalently with respect to any inertial frame of reference (without requiring the events to be simultaneous in that frame) by

$\Delta \sigma ={\sqrt {\Delta x^{2}+\Delta y^{2}+\Delta z^{2}-c^{2}\Delta t^{2},}}$

where

The two formulae are equivalent because of the invariance of spacetime intervals, and since Δ*t* = 0 exactly when the events are simultaneous in the given frame.

Two events are spacelike-separated if and only if the above formula gives a real, non-zero value for Δ*σ*.

## Proper distance along a path

The above formula for the proper distance between two events assumes that the spacetime in which the two events occur is flat. Hence, the above formula cannot in general be used in general relativity, in which curved spacetimes are considered. It is, however, possible to define the proper distance along a path in any spacetime, curved or flat. In a flat spacetime, the proper distance between two events is the proper distance along a straight path between the two events. In a curved spacetime, there may be more than one straight path (geodesic) between two events, so the proper distance along a straight path between two events would not uniquely define the proper distance between the two events.

Along an arbitrary spacelike path *P*, the proper distance is given in tensor syntax by the line integral

$L=c\int \_{P}{\sqrt {-g\_{\mu \nu }dx^{\mu }dx^{\nu },}}$

where

In the equation above, the metric tensor is assumed to use the **`+−−−`** metric signature, and is assumed to be normalized to return a time instead of a distance. The − sign in the equation should be dropped with a metric tensor that instead uses the **`−+++`** metric signature. Also, the $c$ should be dropped with a metric tensor that is normalized to use a distance, or that uses geometrized units.


title: Wake the Town

abstract: "Wake the Town" is a reggae song recorded by Jamaican toaster U-Roy in 1970. It was U-Roy's first big hit and one of the songs that established U-Roy as the grandfather of the modern deejay phenomenon. It also helped create dancehall style in Jamaica. The recording that led to the single was initiated when John Holt attended a sound system party, and heard U-Roy deejay. Holt convinced U-Roy and producer Duke Reid to hook up, and have U-Roy talk-over some of Reid's Treasure Island rocksteady classics. U-Roy recorded "Wake the Town", using his talk-over style, from start to finish without any restarts. "Wake the Town" quickly went to number one on Jamaica's pop music charts, along with "Rule the Nation" at number two, and many other deejays began to adopt his style. These two songs, along with "Wear You to the Ball", established U-Roy as a dancehall star and helped create the deejay sound. Dennis Alcapone said of the song, "When U-Roy come with 'Wake the Town' it's like a new Jamaica was born".

text:
# Wake the Town

"**Wake the Town**" is a reggae song recorded by Jamaican toaster U-Roy in 1970. It was U-Roy's first big hit and one of the songs that established U-Roy as the grandfather of the modern deejay phenomenon. It also helped create dancehall style in Jamaica.

The recording that led to the single was initiated when John Holt attended a sound system party, and heard U-Roy deejay. Holt convinced U-Roy and producer Duke Reid to hook up, and have U-Roy talk-over some of Reid's Treasure Island rocksteady classics. U-Roy recorded "Wake the Town" (and another hit, "Rule the Nation"), using his talk-over style, from start to finish without any restarts.

"Wake the Town" quickly went to number one on Jamaica's pop music charts, along with "Rule the Nation" at number two, and many other deejays began to adopt his style. These two songs, along with "Wear You to the Ball", established U-Roy as a dancehall star and helped create the deejay sound. Dennis Alcapone said of the song, "When U-Roy come with 'Wake the Town' it's like a new Jamaica was born".

## Book

*Wake the Town and Tell the People: Dancehall Culture in Jamaica* is a book discussing the history of dancehall music in Jamaica by cultural anthropologist Norman Stolzoff.

## Sampling

"Wake the Town" was sampled in the 1994 songs "Omaha Stylee" by 311 and "You Don't Love Me (No, No, No)" by Dawn Penn. It was also sampled in the song "Good Night" by Kanye West on his album *Graduation*.

## InfoBox

| "Wake the Town" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by U-Roy | |
| Released | 1970 (1970) |
| Genre | Reggae |
| Songwriter(s) | U-Roy, Reid |


title: Rodolfo González (racing driver)

abstract: Rodolfo González is a Venezuelan racing driver.

text:
# Rodolfo González (racing driver)

**Rodolfo González** (born 14 May 1986 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan racing driver.

## Career

### Formula Renault

After previously competing in karting, González raced in the 2003 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Winter Series, before racing in the main series in 2004 and 2005 while attending City College Norwich.

### Formula Three

He won the British F3 International Series National Class in 2006 for T-Sport. In 2007 he continued to show promise by finishing 11th in the 2007 British Formula 3 season with T-Sport.

In 2008, he moved to Carlin Motorsport and the Formula Three Euroseries and endured a miserable season, amassing just half a point in the rain-shortened sprint race at Le Mans.

### GP2 Series

He replaced Andreas Zuber for the third round of the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season at Sakhir, and finished 16th in his first race. He eventually wound up 23rd in the championship, with a best finish of eighth in the sprint race at Sepang.

González entered the main GP2 Series for the first time as a replacement for Davide Rigon at Trident Racing for the German rounds.

He also competed in Euroseries 3000 in 2009, finishing in fifth position.

González raced for Arden International in the first round of the 2009–10 GP2 Asia Series season before being replaced by Javier Villa. He returned at the final round in Bahrain, replacing Sergio Pérez at Barwa Addax.

González returned to Arden for the 2010 GP2 Series season alongside Charles Pic. He scored four points and finished 21st in the drivers' championship. For 2011, he moved to Trident Racing, where he competed alongside Stefano Coletti. He finished seventeenth in the Asia series and 26th in the main series. He was then signed by Caterham Racing alongside Giedo van der Garde for the 2012 season, in which he finished 22nd in the championship.

### Formula One

In 2010 González was given a drive in the Lotus T127 at the end-of-season young driver test in Abu Dhabi, alongside Bulgarian Vladimir Arabadzhiev.

On 14 March 2013 Marussia F1 announced that González would be the team's reserve driver for the 2013 Formula One season. He drove in the practice sessions at the Hungarian, Italian and Korean Grands Prix for Marussia, notably crashing in the latter.

### Endurance racing

González competed in the 2014 ELMS Championship with the Murphy Prototypes Endurance Racing Team in the LMP2 category, and the 2014 Le Mans Classic.

### IndyCar

González tested IndyCar Series cars in the 2014–2015 off-season with Schmidt Peterson Motorsports and Dale Coyne Racing. He was a surprise addition to the IndyCar Series entry list in the fourth round of the 2015 IndyCar Series season at Barber Motorsports Park in the Dale Coyne No. 18 entry.

### Return to racing

González was announced to drive for Idola Motorsport in the Britcar Prototype Cup in a Praga R1 with Ruben Stanislau. He won the opening race of the season at Silverstone.

## Racing record

### Career summary

| Season | Series | Team Name | Races | Wins | Poles | F/Laps | Podiums | Points | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | British Formula Ford Winter Series |  | 4 | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | 0 | NC |
| | Formula Renault UK Winter Series | Manor Motorsport | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 19th |
| 2004 | Formula Renault UK | Paston Racing | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 21st |
| | Mark Burdett Motorsport | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
| | Formula Renault UK Winter Series | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 10th |
| 2005 | Formula Renault UK | Manor Motorsport | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 235 | 9th |
| | | Formula Renault 2.0 Netherlands | 4 | 0 | 0 | ? | 0 | 18 | 23rd |
| | Formula Renault UK Winter Series | Mark Burdett Motorsport | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 13th |
| 2006 | British Formula 3 Championship – National Class | T-Sport | 22 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 355 | **1st** |
| 2007 | British Formula 3 Championship | T-Sport | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 77 | 11th |
| 2008 | Formula 3 Euro Series | Carlin Motorsport | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 24th |
| | | Masters of Formula 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 9th |
| | Euroseries 3000 | Sighinolfi Autoracing | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 20th |
| 2008–09 | GP2 Asia Series | Fisichella Motor Sport | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23rd |
| 2009 | GP2 Series | Trident Racing | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29th |
| | Euroseries 3000 | Fisichella Motor Sport | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 44 | 5th |
| 2009–10 | GP2 Asia Series | Arden International | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29th |
| | Barwa Addax Team | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
| 2010 | GP2 Series | Arden International | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 21st |
| | Formula One | Lotus F1 Racing | Test driver | | | | | | |
| 2011 | GP2 Series | Trident Racing | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26th |
| | | GP2 Asia Series | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17th |
| 2012 | GP2 Series | Caterham Racing | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 22nd |
| 2013 | Formula One | Marussia F1 Team | Test driver | | | | | | |
| 2014 | Formula Acceleration 1 | Acceleration Team Venezuela | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 17th |
| | European Le Mans Series | Murphy Prototypes | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 14th |
| | | 24 Hours of Le Mans – LMP2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | DNF |
| 2015 | IndyCar Series | Dale Coyne Racing | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 26th |
| 2017 | NASCAR Whelen Euro Series | Alex Caffi Motorsport | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 187 | 22nd |
| 2023 | Britcar Prototype Cup - Praga | Idola Motorsport | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 5th |
| | | Sports Prototype Cup - Open Class | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | N/A | **3rd** |
| | | Prototype Challenge - CN | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 59 | **3rd** |

* Season still in progress.

### Complete Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Paston Racing | THR
1
19 | THR
2
Ret | BRH1
1
16 | BRH1
2
DNS | SIL
1
25 | SIL
2
15 | OUL
1 | OUL
2 | THR
1
20 | THR
2
19 |  | | | | | | | | | | 21st | 72 |
| | | | Mark Burdett Motorsport |  | | | | | | | | | | CRO
1
16 | CRO
2
16 | KNO
1
12 | KNO
2
14 | BRH2
1
DNS | BRH2
2
10 | SNE
1
9 | SNE
2
14 | DON
1
Ret | DON
2
DNS |
| 2005 | Manor Motorsport | DON
1
13 | DON
2
9 | THR
1
5 | THR
2
7 | BRH1
1
6 | BRH1
2
7 | OUL
1
3 | OUL
2
18 | CRO
1
5 | CRO
2
8 | SNE
1
10 | SNE
2
9 | KNO
1
9 | KNO
2
10 | DON
1
DSQ | DON
2
18 | SIL
1
10 | SIL
2
10 | BRH2
1
8 | BRH2
2
Ret | 9th | 334 |
|

### Complete British Formula Three Championship results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | T-Sport | Dallara F304 | Mugen-Honda | National | ***OUL
1***
11 | ***OUL
2***
8 | *DON
1*
13 | **DON
2**
7 | ***PAU
1***
12 | PAU
2
Ret | ***MON
1***
14 | ***MON
2***
13 | **SNE
1**
11 | SNE
2
14 | ***SPA
1***
14 | ***SPA
2***
13 | *SIL
1*
19 | ***SIL
2***
14 | *BRH
1*
13 | BRH
2
16 | ***MUG
1***
9 | *MUG
2*
13 | *SIL
1*
18 | **SIL
2**
Ret | ***THR
1***
10 | *THR
2*
Ret | 1st | 355 |
| 2007 | T-Sport | Dallara F307 | Mugen-Honda | Championship | OUL
1
7 | OUL
2
9 | DON
1
12 | DON
2
6 | BUC
1
10 | BUC
2
10 | SNE
1
5 | SNE
2
Ret | MNZ
1
18 | MNZ
2
Ret | BRH
1
4 | BRH
2
18 | SPA
1
5 | SPA
2
10 | SIL
1
Ret | SIL
2
7 | THR
1
7 | *THR
2*
3 | CRO
1
8 | CRO
2
9 | ROC
1
4 | ROC
2
11 | 11th | 77 |
|

### Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Carlin Motorsport | Dallara F308/074 | Mercedes | HOC
1
15 | HOC
2
12 | MUG
1
18 | MUG
2
13 | PAU
1
Ret | *PAU
2*
21 | NOR
1
12 | NOR
2
Ret | ZAN
1
24 | ZAN
2
20 | NÜR
1
21 | NÜR
2
25 | BRH
1
17 | BRH
2
15 | CAT
1
20 | CAT
2
19 | LMS
1
17 | LMS
2
6 | HOC
1 | HOC
2 | 24th | 0.5 |

### Complete Euroseries 3000 results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Sighinolfi Autoracing | VLL
1 | VLL
2 | SPA
1 | SPA
2 | VAL
1 | VAL
2 | MUG
1 | MUG
2 | MIS
1 | MIS
2 | JER
1 | JER
2 | CAT
1 | CAT
2 | MAG
1
Ret | MAG
2
4 | 19th | 3 |
| 2009 | FMS International | ALG
1
Ret | ALG
2
11 | MAG
1
10 | MAG
2
6 | DON
1
C | DON
2
C | *ZOL
1*
1 | ZOL
2
6 | VAL
1
5 | VAL
2
4 | VAL
3
4 | VLL
1
8 | VLL
2
2 | **MNZ
1**
2 | MNZ
2
3 |  | 5th | 44 |
|

### Complete GP2 Series results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Trident Racing | CAT
FEA | CAT
SPR | MON
FEA | MON
SPR | IST
FEA | IST
SPR | SIL
FEA | SIL
SPR | NÜR
FEA
15 | NÜR
SPR
19 | HUN
FEA | HUN
SPR | VAL
FEA | VAL
SPR | SPA
FEA | SPA
SPR | MNZ
FEA | MNZ
SPR | ALG
FEA | ALG
SPR |  |  |  |  | 29th | 0 |
| 2010 | Arden International | CAT
FEA
15 | CAT
SPR
14 | MON
FEA
10 | MON
SPR
Ret | IST
FEA
16 | IST
SPR
16 | VAL
FEA
Ret | VAL
SPR
Ret | SIL
FEA
16 | SIL
SPR
20 | HOC
FEA
18 | HOC
SPR
Ret | HUN
FEA
Ret | HUN
SPR
15 | SPA
FEA
8 | SPA
SPR
4 | MNZ
FEA
Ret | MNZ
SPR
Ret | YMC
FEA
10 | YMC
SPR
16 |  |  |  |  | 21st | 4 |
| 2011 | Trident Racing | IST
FEA
Ret | IST
SPR
22 | CAT
FEA
20 | CAT
SPR
10 | MON
FEA
Ret | MON
SPR
14 | VAL
FEA
15 | VAL
SPR
Ret | SIL
FEA
18 | SIL
SPR
13 | NÜR
FEA
9 | NÜR
SPR
15 | HUN
FEA
Ret | HUN
SPR
9 | SPA
FEA
Ret | SPA
SPR
17 | MNZ
FEA
19 | MNZ
SPR
16 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26th | 0 |
| 2012 | Caterham Racing | SEP
FEA
Ret | SEP
SPR
18 | BHR1
FEA
15 | BHR1
SPR
20 | BHR2
FEA
18 | BHR2
SPR
15 | CAT
FEA
15 | CAT
SPR
14 | MON
FEA
13 | MON
SPR
5 | VAL
FEA
15 | VAL
SPR
15 | SIL
FEA
23 | SIL
SPR
Ret | HOC
FEA
23 | HOC
SPR
20 | HUN
FEA
23 | HUN
SPR
16 | SPA
FEA
Ret | SPA
SPR
14 | MNZ
FEA
22 | MNZ
SPR
20 | MRN
FEA
Ret | MRN
SPR
18 | 22nd | 6 |

#### Complete GP2 Asia Series results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008–09 | FMS International | SHI
FEA | SHI
SPR | DUB
FEA | DUB
SPR | BHR1
FEA
16 | BHR1
SPR
Ret | LSL
FEA
Ret | LSL
SPR
19 | SEP
FEA
10 | SEP
SPR
8 | BHR2
FEA
Ret | BHR2
SPR
Ret | 23rd | 0 |
| 2009–10 | Arden International | YMC1
FEA
14 | YMC1
SPR
16 | YMC2
FEA | YMC2
SPR | BHR1
FEA | BHR1
SPR |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29th | 0 |
| Barwa Addax Team | | |  |  |  |  |  |  | BHR2
FEA
Ret | BHR2
SPR
Ret |  |  |  |  |
| 2011 | Trident Racing | YMC
FEA
11 | YMC
SPR
9 | IMO
FEA
10 | IMO
SPR
Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17th | 0 |

### Complete Formula One participations

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicates fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | WDC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Marussia F1 Team | Marussia MR02 | Cosworth CA2013 2.4 V8 | AUS | MAL | CHN | BHR
TD | ESP
TD | MON | CAN | GBR | GER
TD | HUN
TD | BEL | ITA
TD | SIN | KOR
TD | JPN | IND | ABU
TD | USA
TD | BRA
TD |  |  |

### 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class
Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Murphy Prototypes | Nathanaël Berthon
Karun Chandhok | Oreca 03R-Nissan | LMP2 | 73 | DNF | DNF |

### Complete Formula Acceleration 1 results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Pos | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Venezuela | ALG
1
11 | ALG
2
11 | NAV
1
5 | NAV
2
9 | NÜR
1 | NÜR
2 | MNZ
1 | MNZ
2 | ASS
1 | ASS
2 | 17th | 10 |

### Complete European Le Mans Series results

| Year | Entrant | Class | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Murphy Prototypes | LMP2 | Oreca 03 | Nissan VK45DE 4.5 L V8 | SIL
8 | IMO
Ret | RBR | **LEC**
3 | EST | 14th | 20 |

### Complete IndyCar Series results

(key)

| Year | Team | Chassis | # | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Rank | Points | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Dale Coyne Racing | Dallara DW12 | 18 | Honda | STP | NLA | LBH | ALA
20 | IMS | INDY | DET
21 | DET
22 | TXS | TOR
18 | FON | MIL | IOW | MDO
20 | POC | SNM
9 | 26th | 94 |  |

### Complete NASCAR results

#### Whelen Euro Series – Elite 1

(key) (**Bold** – Pole position. *Italics* – Fastest lap. * – Most laps led. ^ – Most positions gained)

| NASCAR Whelen Euro Series – Elite 1 results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | NWES | Pts |
| 2017 | Alex Caffi Motorsport | 2 | Toyota | VAL
11 | VAL
8 | BRH
15 | BRH
11 | VEN | VEN | HOC | HOC | FRA | FRA | ZOL | ZOL | 22nd | 187 |

## InfoBox

| Rodolfo González | |
| --- | --- |
| González at the 2015 GoPro Grand Prix of Sonoma | |
| Nationality | Venezuelan |
| Born | (1986-05-14) 14 May 1986
Caracas, Venezuela |
| European Le Mans Series career | |
| Debut season | 2014 |
| Current team | Murphy Prototypes |
| Racing licence | FIA Silver |
| Car number | 48 |
| Starts | 3 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Poles | 1 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
| Best finish | 14th in 2014 |
| Previous series | |
| 20092012
2008–092011
200809
2008
200607
2005
2004–05
2003–05
2002 | GP2 Series
GP2 Asia Series
Euroseries 3000
Formula 3 Euro Series
British Formula 3
FR2.0 Netherlands
Formula Renault UK
FRUK Winter Series
Formula Ford UK Winter Series |
| Championship titles | |
| 2006 | British F3 National Class |


title: Ole Schwalbe

abstract: Ole Albert Christian Schwalbe was a Danish painter. He was one of the painters in the Linien artists association who in 1956 initiated the second generation of Danish Constructivism which they called concrete realism.

text:
# Ole Schwalbe

**Ole Albert Christian Schwalbe** (23 July 1929 – 15 October 1990) was a Danish painter. He was one of the painters in the Linien artists association who in 1956 initiated the second generation of Danish Constructivism which they called concrete realism.

## Biography

Born in the Brønshøj district of Copenhagen, Schwalbe was self-taught as a painter but was trained as a printmaker from 1945 to 1950. He first exhibited at the Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling (Artists Autumn Exhibition) in 1945 when he was only 16. Schwalbe was one of the Linien painters who in 1956 initiated the second generation of Danish Constructivism which they called concrete realism. After experimenting with colour, in 1953 he decided to limit himself to black and white, forming positive and negative segments of circles like the marks made by a paperclip. In the late 1950s, he added red to the black and white in order to represent the three most important aspects of existence: life and death, body, and soul. Around 1960, his black and white developed into shades of grey as in *Signet 1* (1960) but then he began to reintroduce colour with a deep blue in *Entre chien et loup* (1965).

He believed in total interaction between art and architecture, as in his decoration of Brandbjerg School (1970) when he introduced artistic features which were integrated during the building's construction. Other building decorations included Sukkertoppen Forsamlinghus (1972), the Danish Embassy in London (1977) and Holstebro's library (1981) and town hall (1986). One of his few sculptures is *Kuglen* in the entrance hall of Holsterbro Town Hall.

## Awards

In 1966, Schwalbe received the academy's gold medal and, in 1978, the Thorvaldsen Medal.

## Literature


title: Hailun Road station

abstract: Hailun Road is an interchange station between Lines 4 and 10 of the Shanghai Metro, and is located in the city's Hongkou District. Service began on Line 4 on 31 December 2005, while the interchange with Line 10 opened on 10 April 2010 as part of that line's initial section between Xinjiangwancheng and Hangzhong Road. Towards anti-clockwise on Line 4, this is the last station before sharing with Line 3.

text:
# Hailun Road station

**Hailun Road** (simplified Chinese: 海伦路; traditional Chinese: 海倫路; pinyin: *Hǎilún Lù*) is an interchange station between Lines  and 10 of the Shanghai Metro, and is located in the city's Hongkou District. Service began on Line 4 on 31 December 2005, while the interchange with Line 10 opened on 10 April 2010 as part of that line's initial section between Xinjiangwancheng and Hangzhong Road. Towards anti-clockwise on Line 4, this is the last station before sharing with Line 3.

## Places and tourist attractions nearby

## Station Layout

## InfoBox

| Hailun Road
海伦路 | |
| --- | --- |
| Line 4 platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | Hailun Road and Siping Road
Hongkou District, Shanghai
China |
| Coordinates | 31°15′34″N 121°29′23″E / 31.259368°N 121.489755°E / 31.259368; 121.489755 |
| Operated by | Shanghai No. 1/3 Metro Operation Co. Ltd. |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 4 (2 island platforms) |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | L10/19 (Line 10) |
| History | |
| Opened | * 31 December 2005 (2005-12-31) (Line 4) * 10 April 2010 (2010-04-10) (Line 10) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Shanghai Metro Following station  Linping RoadClockwise  Line 4  Baoshan RoadCounter-clockwise  North Sichuan Roadtowards Hongqiao Railway Station or Hangzhong Road  Line 10  Youdian Xincuntowards Jilong Road | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Hailun RoadLocation in Shanghai | |


title: Visioo-Writer

abstract: Visioo-writer - The OpenDocument file viewer is a computer program designed to run on multiple operating systems with the explicit ability to view OpenDocument and OpenOffice.org/StarOffice documents. It is currently in a stable state but updates continue. The goal is to create a small application to open popular and free document formats. The software is open-source, and written in Python. Downloads are available for Microsoft Windows and Linux.

text:
# Visioo-Writer

**Visioo-writer - The OpenDocument file viewer** is a computer program designed to run on multiple operating systems with the explicit ability to view OpenDocument and OpenOffice.org/StarOffice documents. It is currently in a stable state (version 0.6) but updates continue. The goal is to create a small application to open popular and free document formats (e.g., AbiWord, KWord). The software is open-source, and written in Python. Downloads are available for Microsoft Windows and Linux.


title: Francis Bindon

abstract: Francis Bindon was a popular architect and painter in 18th century Ireland. Bindon was highly regarded by his contemporaries and was commissioned to design buildings and paint portraits for some of Ireland's most prominent figures. Today, relatively little is known about the man, despite the number of paintings and buildings he has left as his legacy.

text:
# Francis Bindon

**Francis Bindon** (c. 1690 – 1765) was a popular architect and painter in 18th century Ireland. Bindon was highly regarded by his contemporaries and was commissioned to design buildings and paint portraits for some of Ireland's most prominent figures. Today, relatively little is known about the man, despite the number of paintings and buildings he has left as his legacy.

## Notable works

Bindon spent much of his life in Dublin where he established himself as a popular portrait painter. Perhaps his most famous portrait is that of Turlough Carolan, the blind harpist. The painting, only recently attributed to Bindon, hangs in the National Gallery of Ireland and is the only known portrait of Carolan to have survived. Other portraits include those of Archbishop Hugh Boulter, Thomas Sheridan, Archbishop Charles Cobbe, Dean Patrick Delaney, and several of Jonathan Swift.

Bindon went on to design mostly classically derived country houses such as Woodstock, County Kilkenny, Drewstown, County Meath and Newhall, County Clare. He also designed Johns Square in Limerick, the Market House, Mountrath and worked in collaboration with Richard Cassels on the design of Russborough House, County Wicklow (completing it after Cassels died in 1751). Russborough is arguably the most beautiful house in Ireland.

Deane Swift, cousin of Jonathan Swift, described him as "the greatest painter and architect of his time in these kingdoms", a territory which would have included Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. Admittedly, Swift was a close friend of Bindon's and may have been guilty of "amiable overstatement". Be that as it may, the simple elegance of Bindon's art and architecture speaks eloquently enough for itself. Several of his portraits of leading members of 18th century society hang in the National Gallery, while a number of his elegant Palladian mansions are dotted throughout the Irish countryside.

## Life

The most thorough piece of research on Bindon to date was written by the Knight of Glin in 1967. However, this is more of a succinct artistic critique than a biography and contains tantalisingly few details of his private life. What we do know is that Bindon was born in Clooney, County Clare c. 1690 and died unmarried in 1765. Like many of his contemporaries, Bindon was a 'gentleman amateur' whose privileged background allowed him to pursue a wide variety of interests.

Born in Clooney House to a wealthy land-owning family, Bindon was well positioned to establish contacts that would ultimately benefit his career. Both sides of the family had political clout; his father, David Bindon, was M.P. for Ennis. His mother, Dorothy Burton of Buncraggy House, Clarecastle, came from a family that controlled the Ennis Parliamentary Borough for much of the 18th century.

Francis had four brothers and three sisters. His brothers Henry and Thomas studied at Trinity College Dublin. Henry was a barrister-at-law and Thomas became Dean of Limerick. Two of his brothers, David (who was a writer on economic affairs) and Samuel, were members of Parliament for Ennis in 1731, a position Francis himself would hold in later life.

Embarking on a 'Grand Tour' of Europe some time in his twenties, Bindon is recorded as being at Padua University on 28 October 1716 where he studied art and architecture. He also studied at Godfrey Kneller's Academy in London. Bindon seems to have lived most of his life in Dublin, although he derived much of his income from his estates in Clare and Limerick. In 1723 his father had assigned the family estate at Clooney to him and Bindon retained these lands and house for the remainder of his life. Bindon died on 2 June 1765 leaving his house in Abbey Street, Dublin, and much of his possessions to his lifelong friend Francis Ryan. An obituary notice in Faulkner's Journal described him as "one of the best painters and architects this nation has ever produced".

Clooney House was remodelled in the Italianate style in the mid 19th century. Today it comprises a large ruinous shell, having lain vacant since the 1920s. The former estate, now a private farm, also includes the ruins of two gate-lodges, late medieval towerhouse, numerous outbuildings and an overgrown walled garden.

## Other sources

* Craig, M, 1982, The Architecture of Ireland, Batsford Press.
* Craig, M, 1976, Classic Irish Houses of the Middle Size, Ashfield Press, Dublin.
* Duggan, M, auctioneer, 1768, A Catalogue of the Libraries of Richard Terry, Francis Bindon (esquires), National Library Ireland.
* Griffin, D, *et al.*, 1988, Vanishing Country Houses of Ireland, The Irish Architectural Archive and The Irish Georgian Society.
* McMinn, J, 2005, Images of devotion: Swift and portraits, in Irish Architectural and Decorative Studies, volume VIII, Irish Georgian Society.
* O’Connell, G, Francis Bindon: Portrait Painter and Architect.

## InfoBox

| Francis Bindon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | c. 1690
Ireland |
| Died | 1765 (aged c. 75) |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation | Architect |
|  | |
| Buildings | Newhall House and Estate
Woodstock Estate
Russborough House
Bessborough House |
|  | |


title: Georgia–Holy See relations

abstract: Georgia – Holy See relations are bilateral relations between Georgia and the Holy See. The diplomatic relations between the two were established on May 5, 1992. The Georgian Embassy to the Holy See is located in 25 Via Toscana, Rome. The Apostolic Nunciature is located in 40 Zghenti Street, Tbilisi.

text:
# Georgia–Holy See relations

**Georgia – Holy See relations** are bilateral relations between Georgia and the Holy See. The diplomatic relations between the two were established on May 5, 1992. The Georgian Embassy to the Holy See is located in 25 Via Toscana, Rome. The Apostolic Nunciature is located in 40 Zghenti Street, Tbilisi.

## History

The diplomatic relations between Georgia and the Holy See span centuries. Georgian kings and princes frequently exchanged letters and embassies with the Holy See and there was a significant upsurge in Roman Catholic missionary efforts in Georgia in the 17th and 18th centuries. Georgia became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991 and established diplomatic relations with the Holy See on May 5, 1992. The Apostolic Nunciature in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi also represents the Holy See in Georgia's South Caucasian neighbors—Armenia and Azerbaijan. Through the charity Caritas the Holy See has been involved in humanitarian activities in Georgia.

Pope John Paul II visited Tbilisi in November 1999. Shortly after this visit Georgia and the Holy See started working on a draft treaty, which became a subject of controversy in largely Orthodox Christian Georgia. The treaty, envisaging granting a Catholic church a legal status in Georgia, was to be ratified on September 20, 2003, and Archbishop Jean-Louis Tauran, then-Secretary for Relations with States, arrived in Tbilisi for this occasion. Conservative Orthodox elements responded with a mass protest rally and Ilia II, an influential Catholicos Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, himself expressed skepticism regarding the treaty. The then-President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze, being absent at the CIS summit in Yalta, Ukraine, yielded to the pressure and made a last-minute decision not to sign the treaty, drawing criticism from the Holy See representatives, human rights activists, and liberal Orthodox clerics. Shevardnadze expressed regret over the failure of the agreement and added that work over the treaty would continue.

In May 2010, President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili became the first Georgian leader to visit Vatican City on a state visit. He met Pope Benedict XVI and later, attending a Catholic Christmas service in Tbilisi, thanked the Holy See for "steadfast support" to Georgia's sovereignty and territorial integrity. On January 9, 2012, Benedict XVI hailed Georgia's amended legislature on religious minorities adopted in July 2011. On 30 September–1 October 2016, Pope Francis paid a two-day visit to Georgia, meeting President Giorgi Margvelashvili and Georgian Orthodox Patriarch Ilia II.

## Ambassadors of Georgia to the Holy See

## Nuncios to Georgia

## Further reading

* Grdzelidze, Tamara (2018). *Roma e i georgiani. Le relazioni diplomatiche tra la Georgia e la Santa Sede (1992–2017)* (in Italian). Studium. ISBN 883824619X.

## InfoBox

Georgia–Holy See relations
|  | |
| --- | --- |
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|  |  |
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Holy See |
Georgia |
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