title: Land terrier

abstract: A land terrier is a record system for an institution's land and property holdings. It differs from a land register in that it is maintained for the organisation's own needs and may not be publicly accessible. Typically, it consists of written records related to a map. Modern practice involves the use of Geographic Information Systems. In France the term "terrier" refers to feudal records associated with the Ancien Régime.

text:
# Land terrier

A **land terrier** is a record system for an institution's land and property holdings. It differs from a land register in that it is maintained for the organisation's own needs and may not be publicly accessible.

Typically, it consists of written records related to a map. Modern practice involves the use of Geographic Information Systems.

In France the term "terrier" refers to feudal records associated with the Ancien Régime.

* R P Croom-Johnson and G F L Bridgman. Taylor on Evidence. Twelfth Edition. 1931. Section 622 at page 1772.
* "Ancient terriers, maps, etc". Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice, 1999 Edition, paragraph 9–44 at pages 1095 to 1096.
* Thomas Starkie. "Terrier". A Practical Treatise of the Law of Evidence, and Digest of Proofs, in Civil and Criminal Proceedings. Third Edition. V and R Stevens and G S Norton. London. A Milliken. Dublin. 1842. Volume 1. Pages 238 to 241 and 251. Volume 2. Pages 1090 and 1091.
* Robert Joseph Pothier. Translated by William David Evans. A Treatise on the Law of Obligations, or Contracts. Second American Edition. Robert H Small. Minor Street, Philadelphia. 1839. Volume 2. Page 125.
* Samuel March Phillipps and Thomas James Arnold. "Terriers". A Treatise on the Law of Evidence. Tenth English Edition. Fourth American Edition. With notes by Cowen and Hill. By Isaac Edwards. Banks and Brothers. New York. 1859. Volume 2. Page 292 et seq.
* Mark Bailey. The English Manor c 1200 to c 1500. Manchester University Press. Manchester and New York. 2002. Pages 18, 21, 42, 75, 76, 79.


title: Karacaören, Daday

abstract: Karacaören is a village in the Daday District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 97 (2021).

text:
# Karacaören, Daday

**Karacaören** is a village in the Daday District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 97 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Karacaören | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| KaracaörenLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°28′41″N 33°12′43″E / 41.478°N 33.212°E / 41.478; 33.212 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kastamonu |
| District | Daday |
| Population (2021) | 97 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Franz Joseph von Stein

abstract: Franz Joseph von Stein was Archbishop of München und Freising from 1897 until 1909.

text:
# Franz Joseph von Stein

**Franz Joseph von Stein** (4 April 1832 – 4 May 1909) was Archbishop of München und Freising from 1897 until 1909.

## Biography

Born 4 April 1832, Amorbach, on 10 August 1855, aged 23, he was ordained a priest of Würzburg, Germany and consecrated by archbishop Friedrich von Schreiber and Bishops Joseph Georg von Ehrler and Joseph Franz von Weckert.

On 19 October 1878, aged 46, he was appointed Bishop of Würzburg, and confirmed and ordained early the following year. On 24 December 1897, aged 65, he was appointed Archbishop of München und Freising and installed on 18 April 1898.

In 1900 he acted the religious wedding of Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria, and was given the Grand Cordon of Leopold, by king Leopold II.

He died on 4 May 1909, aged 77. He had been a priest for 53 years and a bishop for 30 years.

## Honours

1. Albert I;Museum Dynasticum N° .21: 2009/ n° 2.

## InfoBox

| Franz Joseph von Stein | |
| --- | --- |
| Archbishop of Munich und Freising | |
|  | |
| Archdiocese | Munich und Freising |
| See | Munich und Freising |
| Appointed | 24 December 1897 |
| Installed | 18 April 1898 |
| Term ended | 4 May 1909 |
| Predecessor | Antonius von Thoma |
| Successor | Franziskus A. von Bettinger |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Würzburg (1879-1897) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 10 August 1855 |
| Consecration | 18 May 1879
by Friedrich Josef von Schreiber |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1832-04-04)4 April 1832
Amorbach, Untermainkreis, Bavaria, German Confederation |
| Died | 4 May 1909(1909-05-04) (aged 77)
Munich, Bavaria, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: NZH Public Transport Museum

abstract: The NZH Public Transport Museum is a museum in Haarlem, Netherlands, dedicated to promoting interest and conserving the bus and tram cultural heritage of Kennemerland. It is located behind the former bus depot of the "Noord-Zuid-Hollandsche Stoomtramweg-Maatschappij" (NZH), a bus and tram company.

text:
# NZH Public Transport Museum

The **NZH Public Transport Museum** (Dutch: NZH Vervoer Museum) is a museum in Haarlem, Netherlands, dedicated to promoting interest and conserving the bus and tram cultural heritage of Kennemerland. It is located behind the former bus depot of the "Noord-Zuid-Hollandsche Stoomtramweg-Maatschappij" (NZH), a bus and tram company.

## History

The museum was opened in 1996 and aims to conserve the cultural heritage of the old tramway lines in the region, located on the historic tram depot of the Eerste Nederlandsche Electrische Tram-Maatschappij, built in 1899, which later in 1904 became the tram depot of the Electrische Spoorweg-Maatschappij (ESM), and still later the bus depot of the NZH. The tram line Amsterdam – Haarlem – Zandvoort ran until August 31, 1957, when trams were replaced by buses. The bus depot closed in 2006, but the museum is located on a small piece of land still owned by the NZH at the back.

### A327

The most famous "Blue Tram" is the A327, owned by the Tramweg-Stichting. The tram was built in 1913 by the Haarlem carriage factory Beijnes in Haarlem. It was in use until 1948 in Haarlem and after that until 1960 in Leiden. Together with the tram B26, in 1961 it was almost scrapped like many others before them, but was saved by the historical society NVBS. In 1965 it was handed over to the newly formed Tramweg-Stichting, who restored it. Since 1981 it is a working museum tram.

The museum is kept open by a large group of volunteers who actively work on the collection. Contact information is available on the website.

The museum is open Mondays and Thursdays from 9-12, and Saturdays from 11:00 to 16:00. Admission is free. There are restrooms and parking is available in front of the museum at the former bus depot parking lot.

52°22′10″N 4°36′58″E / 52.36944°N 4.61611°E / 52.36944; 4.61611


title: Philippe Caillard

abstract: Philippe Caillard is a French choral conductor, professor of music education, technical and pedagogical advisor to the Ministry of Youth and publisher of choral music. He made about thirty recordings exclusively for Erato Records, fifteen of which received a grand prix du disque. He specialized in teaching choir direction and pedagogy, and founded a vocal ensemble that bears his name, originally specialized in works of Renaissance music, but whose repertory has grown over the years. He transcribed and edited ancient vocal music. He has directed various professional choirs of European radio stations and given many concerts in international festivals at the head of his choir.

text:
# Philippe Caillard

**Philippe Caillard** (born 1924 in Paris) is a French choral conductor, professor of music education, technical and pedagogical advisor to the Ministry of Youth and publisher of choral music.

He made about thirty recordings exclusively for Erato Records, fifteen of which received a grand prix du disque.

He specialized in teaching choir direction and pedagogy, and founded a vocal ensemble that bears his name, originally specialized in works of Renaissance music, but whose repertory has grown over the years. He transcribed and edited ancient vocal music.

He has directed various professional choirs of European radio stations and given many concerts in international festivals at the head of his choir.


title: Waring & Gillow

abstract: Waring & Gillow was a noted firm of English furniture manufacturers and antique dealers formed in 1897 by the merger of Gillows of Lancaster and London and Waring of Liverpool.

text:
# Waring & Gillow

**Waring & Gillow** (also written as **Waring and Gillow**) was a noted firm of English furniture manufacturers and antique dealers formed in 1897 by the merger of Gillows of Lancaster and London and Waring of Liverpool.

## Background

### Gillow & Co.

The firm of Gillow's of Lancaster can be traced back to the luxury furniture and furnishings firm founded by Robert Gillow (1704–72) in about 1730. Robert Gillow served an apprenticeship as a joiner. During the 1730s he began to exploit the lucrative West Indies trade exporting mahogany furniture and importing rum and sugar. Following his death in 1772, the business was continued by his two sons, Richard (1734–1811) and Robert (1745–93). In 1764 a London branch of Gillow's was established at 176 Oxford Road, now Oxford Street, by Thomas Gillow and William Taylor. The firm rapidly established a reputation for supplying high-quality furniture to the richest families in the country. Gillow & Co. introduced both the Davenport desk and patented a telescopic dining table yet contemporary critics still called the company's furniture "solid, well made, but unadventurous".

### S. J. Waring & Sons

Waring's of Liverpool was founded by John Waring, who arrived in the city from Belfast in 1835 and established a wholesale cabinet making business. He was succeeded by his son Samuel James Waring who rapidly expanded the business during the 1880s, furnishing hotels and public buildings throughout Europe. In 1904, he founded the Waring-White Building Company which built the Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building, Selfridges department store and the Ritz Hotel. Samuel James's son and namesake Samuel James Waring (1860–1940) continued the family business and was elevated to the peerage as Baron Waring in 1922.

## History

### Waring & Gillow

During the final years of the 19th century Gillow & Co. ran into financial difficulty and from 1897 began a loose financial arrangement with Waring of Liverpool, an arrangement legally ratified by the establishment of Waring & Gillow in 1903. The merger was complex and involved the purchase of cabinetmakers Collinson and Lock and carpet dealers T.J Bonter and Company. The firms combined with a capital of £1 million.

On 10 July 1897 *The Times* published news of the acquisition stating that,

> "the Directors believe that the union of two such well-established and powerful concerns, both of which enjoy an exceptionally large degree of public patronage and favour, will result in a great accession of business and largely increased profits to the joint undertaking".

The companies continued to use their own labels and stamps on their furniture even after they had merged. The Lancaster factory continued to use the historic name Gillows & Co and stamped work with the 'Gillows' stamp. Some pieces were affixed with a 'S.J Waring & Sons' label and others 'Waring & Gillow'.

A new Waring & Gillow building was opened in 1906 on Oxford Street and signalled a true integration of both companies. The inauguration event took place from 11 to 16 June 1906. The Brotherton Library Special Collections archive at Leeds University houses the John Evan Bedford Library of Furniture History. This collection, collected by antiques dealer John Bedford, contains a ticket from the inaugural Waring & Gillow event (below right). The ticket shows that there had been music and entertainment during the evening as well as demonstrating the general grandeur of the affair, with separate entrances for guests using carriages.

A contemporary newspaper stated that the impressive new premises covered 40,000 ft. and included a domed Georgian Rotunda (also mentioned on the reverse of the ticket) which measured 85 ft. by 54 ft. This building would remain the company's headquarters for the next 65 years.

Throughout their history Waring & Gillow secured contracts for a number of luxury yachts and liners. These included the interior fittings of *HM Alberta* (1901) after Queen Victoria's death, the royal steam yacht *Victoria and Albert III,* the interior of the *Princesse Alice* (1895) for Prince Albert of Monaco, the *Lysistrata* (1901) for James Gordon Bennett, the P&O liner, the *Viceroy of India* (1929), and the *Queen Mary* (1936).

Like other prestigious furniture retailers of the Victorian era, Waring & Gillow also secured furnishing contracts for a number of new luxury hotels that were being constructed in the capital. These included the Carlton Hotel, the Waldorf and the Ritz.

### 1900 Great Exhibition

In 1900 Waring & Gillow were tasked with the decoration of the British pavilion of the Paris Exhibition which was being overseen by British architect Edwin Lutyens. The success of their presentation cemented professional relationships with makers and clients around the world in addition to new workshops in Paris.

### First World War

During the First World War the Lancaster factory was turned over to war production, making ammunition chests for the Navy and propellers for De Havilland DH9 aircraft. They also established a large tent-manufacturing facility of 8,000 workers on the now closed former exhibition site at White City (the former Machinery Hall), London.

From a manufacturing base in Cambridge Row workers made tents, gas masks for horses and aircraft wings. The company also manufactured ammunition belts for use with machine guns, nosebags for horses and protective clothing for use during gas attacks.

### 1920s

Towards the end of the 1920s Waring & Gillow opened a new, experimental modern art department and enlisted Russian designer Serge Chermayeff as director. Chermayeff partnered with French designer Paul Follot who was working as the head of Waring & Gillow in Paris. Together they attempted to bring a progressive Art Deco edge to the company and in 1928 they opened the large exhibition *Modern Art in Decoration and Furnishing* in London. It consisted of 68 decorated and furnished rooms situated on the 4th and 5th floors of the Oxford Street building. The exhibition ran from November 1928 to January 1929.

### Decline and administration

In the 1930s the Great Depression combined with Lord Waring spending outside his means during the previous decade caused financial problems for the company and Waring was forced to resign as chairman in September 1930, though he remained as President. The first liquidation meeting occurred in 1932 and the company was restructured as Waring & Gillow (1932) Ltd.

### Second World War

During the Second World War the factory in Cambridge Grove, Hammersmith, produced parts for gliders and the Mosquito aircraft, while kit-bags, tents and camouflage nets were made by the upholstery department.

Waring died in 1940, in the early months of the war.

### Post-War

The business was bought by retail conglomerate Great Universal Stores in 1953, however a large share of the business was sold to rival furniture chain "John Peters", run by Manny Cussins for cash and shares in 1960, with John Peters company renamed Waring and Gillow (Holdings) Ltd. After the war the business of the firm began to decline and the Lancaster workshops closed on 31 March 1962 to provide, two years later, the first home of the newly founded University of Lancaster. In 1980 Waring & Gillow approached rival furniture company Maple & Co. for discussions about a takeover. Initial offers were rejected by Maple directors but Waring & Gillow continued to buy shares of the company until eventually they had purchased 50.4% of ordinary shares which gave them control and in the process the company became Maple, Waring and Gillow. In 1988 Allied Carpets purchased 48 out of the 87 Gillows stores and the company subsequently became part of Allied Maples Group Ltd, which includes Allied Carpets.

## InfoBox

Waring & Gillow
| Trade name | * Waring and Gillow * Waring and Gillow Ltd |
| --- | --- |
| Formerly | * Gillows of Lancaster * S.J Waring & Sons |
| Industry | Furniture manufacturing |
| Founded | 1897 |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |


abstract: The National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA) is a private, professional educational membership association of over 150,000 educators in Catholic schools, universities, and religious education programs in the United States. It is the largest organization in the world.

text:
# National Catholic Educational Association

The **National Catholic Educational Association** (**NCEA**) is a private, professional educational membership association of over 150,000 educators in Catholic schools, universities, and religious education programs in the United States. It is the largest organization in the world.

## Description

The NCEA focuses on: leadership development for superintendents, presidents, principals, pastors, and governing bodies; professional development for teachers; and serving as the voice for Catholic school education.

NCEA is the largest private professional education organization in the world, representing 150,000 Catholic educators serving 1.9 million students in Catholic education.

NCEA is a voluntary association of educators and institutions. While the USCCB remains the authority for the Catholic Church in the US, NCEA develops and articulates a national point of view that is consistent with the USCCB.

## History

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were three professional organizations in the United States for Catholic educators;

* The Education Conference of Catholic Seminary Faculties (1898)
* The Association of Catholic Colleges (1899)
* The Parish School Conference (1902)

In a meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 12–14, 1904, the three organizations decided to unite as the Catholic Educational Association (CEA).

In 1919, during World War I, the American hierarchy established the National Catholic War Council (NCWC). It was designed to coordinate the Catholic war effort in all areas, including education. The CEA immediately established a working relationship with the NCWC. After the end of the war, the NCWC continued to exist as the National Catholic Welfare Council (NCWC). The CEA continued to work with the NCWC and its successor organization, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB).

In 1927, the word ‘national’ was added to the official CEA title and, in 1929, the association headquarters moved to Washington, DC to be in proximity to other national secular agencies of education. The Association began a policy of friendly cooperation with other private and public educational associations and federal government agencies in the service of all aspects of American education.

In 1931 the Library Section which had existed from 1922 chaired by Reverend Paul J. Foik, C.S.C. became an independent association, the Catholic Library Association.

In 2016, the NCEA discontinued its departments for seminaries and parish religious education departments, instead focusing on K-12 Catholic organizations in the United States.

The Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities, founded independently in 1899, has a long relationship with the various components that later became the National Catholic Educational Association, of which it has for some time been a constitutive member. As of July 1, 2000, ACCU is an independently incorporated 501(c3) organization and an Affiliate of the NCEA.

The Association's organizational structure changed from a departmental arrangement to a functional arrangement. Previously, member institutions held association membership through one of the constitutive departments. In 2016, the NCEA eliminated the seminary and religious education departments

## Governance

NCEA has a board of directors which has from 15 to 18 members, including three ex-officio members. The chair is a bishop in the American church. The current and past chairs include:

## Membership

### Meetings

The NCEA annual convention features educators in breakout sessions and a major exposition. It also provides vendor displays on technology, publications and services. The NCEA hosts other conferences, seminars, workshops and symposiums throughout the year.

### Services

* In-service programs
* Religious education assessments: ACRE for children and IFG for adults
* Development field services
* National conference
* Award programs recognizing educators and students

### Conventions

* 2020 - Baltimore (April 13–15), Cancelled due to the COVID19 pandemic
* 2019 - Chicago (April 23–25)
* 2018 - Cincinnati
* 2017 - St. Louis
* 2016 - San Diego
* 2015 - Orlando
* 2014 - Pittsburgh
* 2013 - Houston
* 2012 - Boston
* 2011 - New Orleans
* 2010 - Minneapolis
* 2009 - Los Angeles

## *Momentum Magazine*

*Momentum Magazine* is the official NCEA publication. Each issue has a special section of particular interest to Catholic educators. *Momentum* also includes editorials, book reviews, short essays and opinion columns.

## NCEA awards

### President's Awards

#### C. Albert Koob Merit Award

This award goes to an individual or organization that has made a significant contribution to Catholic education at any level in one or more of these areas:

* teaching
* administration
* parish religious education
* research
* publication
* educational leadership

#### Msgr. John F. Meyers Award

This award goes to anyone who has contributed significant support to Catholic education through:

* development
* public relations
* scholarship programs
* financial management
* government relations

#### Catherine T. McNamee, CSJ Award

This award goes to an individual or school that welcomes and serves cultural and economic diversity or serving students with diverse needs.

#### Leonard F. DeFiore Parental Choice Advocate Award

This award goes to an individual who has demonstrated outstanding leadership in promoting parental choice in education.

#### Dr. Karen M. Ristau Innovations Award

This award goes to an individual, school or program that has furthered Catholic education through an innovative program or approach.

### Youth Virtues, Valor and Vision Awards

These awards goes to students in Catholic elementary and secondary schools who meet high standards of personal conduct and public service.

### Lead. Learn. Proclaim. Awards

These awards go to Catholic schools that honor the efforts and contributions of their teachers, principals, pastors, administrators and school boards.

## InfoBox

National Catholic Educational Association
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | NCEA |
| Formation | July 1904 |
| Type | Non-governmental organization |
| Purpose | In service of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, NCEA strengthens Catholic school communities by providing professional development, formation, leadership and advocacy. |
| Headquarters | 407 Bicksler Sq SE, Leesburg, VA 20175-3773 |
| Region served | United States |
| Membership | Catholic educators of the U.S.; primarily elementary and secondary school teachers and staff |
| President/CEO | Lincoln Snyder |
| Website | ncea.org |


title: Onycodes

abstract: Onycodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Achille Guenée in 1857. Both species are known from Australia.

text:
# Onycodes

***Onycodes*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Achille Guenée in 1857. Both species are known from Australia.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Onycodes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Onycodes traumataria* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Oenochrominae |
| Genus: | *Onycodes*<br>Guenée, 1857 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chilma* Walker, 1862 | |


title: Lambda1 Sculptoris

abstract: Lambdaⁱ Sculptoris, Latinised from λⁱ Sculptoris, is a double star system in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It is close to the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye, with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +6.05. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.89 mas as measured from Earth, it is located roughly 470 light-years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.026 due to interstellar dust. The brighter star, component A, has a visual magnitude of 6.6, while the secondary, component B, is magnitude 7.0. As of 2000, the pair had an angular separation of 0.737 arcsecond along a position angle of 14.0°. Component A is a blue-white-hued B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9.5 V. It has 2.8 times the mass of the Sun and radiates 94 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 10,351 K. The mass ratio is 0.609, meaning the secondary is only 60.9% as massive as the primary.

text:
# Lambda1 Sculptoris

**Lambda1 Sculptoris**, Latinised from λ1 Sculptoris, is a double star system in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It is close to the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye, with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +6.05. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.89 mas as measured from Earth, it is located roughly 470 light-years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.026 due to interstellar dust.

The brighter star, component A, has a visual magnitude of 6.6, while the secondary, component B, is magnitude 7.0. As of 2000, the pair had an angular separation of 0.737 arcsecond along a position angle of 14.0°. Component A is a blue-white-hued B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9.5 V. It has 2.8 times the mass of the Sun and radiates 94 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 10,351 . The mass ratio is 0.609, meaning the secondary is only 60.9% as massive as the primary.

## InfoBox

Lambda1 Sculptoris
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Sculptor |
|
| Right ascension | 00h 42m 42.89190s |
| Declination | −38° 27 48.5416 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | +6.05 (6.612 + 7.041) |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | B9.5 V + A9(V) |
|
|
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|
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|
| U−B color index | −0.13 |
| B−V color index | −0.03 |
|
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | 11.1±0.6 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +2.56 mas/yr
Dec.: −6.72 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 6.89 ± 0.71 mas |
| **Distance** | approx. 470 ly
(approx. 150 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | +0.27 |
|  | |
| Details | |
| λ1 Scl A | |
| **Mass** | 2.83±0.13 |
| **Luminosity** | 94 |
| **Temperature** | 10,351 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 35 km/s |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| λ1 Scl, CD−39° 175, HD 4065, HIP 3356, HR 185, SAO 192690, WDS J00427-3828AB | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: RN Camogli

abstract: Rari Nantes Camogli is an Italian water polo club based in Camogli, Liguria.

text:
# RN Camogli

**Rari Nantes Camogli** is an Italian water polo club based in Camogli, Liguria.

## History

The club was founded in 1914 by Enrico Corzetto and Tiziano De Nardi.

## Titles

## Current team

* Lorenzo Gardella
* Jacopo Celli
* Matteo Antonucci
* Jacopo Guenna
* Matteo Pino
* Nicolo' Gatti

## InfoBox

RN Camogli
| Founded | 1914 |
| --- | --- |
| League | Serie A1 |
| Based in | Camogli,  Italy |
| Colors |  |
| Website | http://www.rncamogli.it |


title: Thorius

abstract: Thorius, also known as minute salamanders, pigmy salamanders, or Mexican pigmy salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico and found in southern Veracruz and Puebla to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Thorius is the most species-rich tropical salamander genus relative to its distribution area. It is not uncommon for two or even three species to occur in the same place. In such cases, species have diverged in terms of body size and dentition, apparently facilitating niche differentiation. The members of this genus are characterized by a small body — some species are less than 2 cm (0.79 in) in snout–vent length. Their extreme miniaturization is accompanied by determinate growth and skeletal reduction. Their skeleton also shows unique features, such as ossifications of many elements that remain cartilaginous in other salamanders. Consequently, they are easy to distinguish from other salamanders. In contrast, they tend to be similar in appearance, making it difficult to distinguish species. However, molecular genetic methods have greatly facilitated identification of new species.

text:
# Thorius

***Thorius***, also known as **minute salamanders**, **pigmy salamanders**, or **Mexican pigmy salamanders**, is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico and found in southern Veracruz and Puebla to Guerrero and Oaxaca.

*Thorius* is the most species-rich tropical salamander genus relative to its distribution area (*Bolitoglossa* and *Pseudoeurycea* have many more species but also much wider distribution areas). It is not uncommon for two or even three species to occur in the same place. In such cases, species have diverged in terms of body size and dentition, apparently facilitating niche differentiation.

The members of this genus are characterized by a small body — some species are less than 2 cm (0.79 in) in snout–vent length (tail roughly doubles the total body length). Their extreme miniaturization is accompanied by determinate growth and skeletal reduction. Their skeleton also shows unique features, such as ossifications of many elements that remain cartilaginous in other salamanders. Consequently, they are easy to distinguish from other salamanders. In contrast, they tend to be similar in appearance, making it difficult to distinguish species. However, molecular genetic methods have greatly facilitated identification of new species.

## Species

As of November 15, 2016, this genus is composed of the following 29 species:

| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
| --- | --- |
|
| *Thorius adelos*
(Papenfuss and Wake, 1987) | Sierra Juarez salamander |
| *Thorius arboreus*
Hanken & Wake, 1994 | Arboreal minute salamander |
| *Thorius aureus*
Hanken & Wake, 1994 | Golden minute salamander |
| *Thorius boreas*
Hanken & Wake, 1994 | Northern minute salamander |
| *Thorius dubitus*
Taylor, 1941 | Acultzingo minute salamander |
| *Thorius grandis*
Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999 | Grand minute salamander |
| *Thorius hankeni*
Campbell, Brodie, Flores-Villela, and Smith, 2014 | Hanken's minute salamander |
| *Thorius infernalis*
Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999 | Atoyac minute salamander |
| *Thorius insperatus*
Hanken & Wake, 1994 | Vista Hermosa minute salamander |
| *Thorius lunaris*
Hanken & Wake, 1998 | Orizaba minute salamander |
| *Thorius macdougalli*
Taylor, 1949 | MacDougall's minute salamanders |
| *Thorius magnipes*
Hanken & Wake, 1998 | Big-footed minute salamander |
| *Thorius maxillabrochus*
Gehlbach, 1959 | Zoquitlan pigmy salamander |
| *Thorius minutissimus*
Taylor, 1949 | Oaxacan minute salamander |
| *Thorius minydemus*
Hanken & Wake, 1998 | La Hoya minute salamander |
| *Thorius munificus*
Hanken & Wake, 1998 | McDiarmid minute salamander |
| *Thorius narismagnus*
Shannon & Werler, 1955 | San Martin minute salamander |
| *Thorius narisovalis*
Taylor, 1940 | Upper Cerro minute salamander |
| *Thorius omiltemi*
Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999 | Omiltemi minute salamander |
| *Thorius papaloae*
Hanken & Wake, 2001 | Papalo minute salamander |
| *Thorius pennatulus*
Cope, 1869 | Veracruz minute salamander |
| *Thorius pulmonaris*
Taylor, 1940 | Lower Cerro minute salamander |
| *Thorius schmidti*
Gehlbach, 1959 | Schmidt's minute salamander |
| *Thorius smithi*
Hanken & Wake, 1994 | Smith's minute salamander |
| *Thorius spilogaster*
Hanken & Wake, 1998 | Spotted minute salamander |
| *Thorius troglodytes*
Taylor, 1941 | Taylor's minute salamander |
| *Thorius pinicola*
Parra-Olea et al., 2016 | Pine-dwelling minute salamander |
| *Thorius longicaudus*
Parra-Olea et al., 2016 | Long-tailed minute salamander |
| *Thorius tlaxiacus*
Parra-Olea et al., 2016 | Heroic minute salamander |
|

## InfoBox

| *Thorius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Subfamily: | Hemidactyliinae |
| Genus: | *Thorius*
Cope, 1869 |
|
| Species | |
| See table. | |


title: WRBQ-FM

abstract: WRBQ-FM is a commercial radio station licensed to Tampa, Florida, airing a classic hits radio format. Owned by the Beasley Broadcast Group, its studios are on Executive Center Drive North, near Gandy Boulevard in St. Petersburg. WRBQ is a Class C1 FM station with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter is on South 50th Street off South Tamiami Trail in Palm River-Clair Mel. WRBQ broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its HD2 subchannel airs an all-podcast format, simulcasting sister station WJBR 1010 AM.

text:
# WRBQ-FM

**WRBQ-FM** (104.7 MHz, "Q105") is a commercial radio station licensed to Tampa, Florida, airing a classic hits radio format. Owned by the Beasley Broadcast Group, its studios are on Executive Center Drive North, near Gandy Boulevard in St. Petersburg.

WRBQ is a Class C1 FM station with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter is on South 50th Street off South Tamiami Trail in Palm River-Clair Mel. WRBQ broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its HD2 subchannel airs an all-podcast format, simulcasting sister station WJBR 1010 AM.

## History

### WPKM and WEZX (1954–1973)

The station signed on the air in June 1954. Its original call sign was WPKM. It was a rare stand-alone FM station, not associated with an AM or TV station. It was owned by Frank Knorr, Jr. The studios were in the Bayshore Royal Hotel. Its power was only 10,500 watts, a fraction of its current output.

By the 1960s, it was airing a beautiful music format, playing quarter-hour sweeps of soft instrumental cover songs of popular adult music, along with Broadway and Hollywood show tunes. It switched its call letters in 1972 to WEZX to reflect its easy listening sounds.

### Top 40 (1973–1993)

104.7 switched to a Top 40 format as WRBQ ("Q105") on December 13, 1973. The first song on "Q105" was "If You're Ready (Come Go with Me)" by The Staple Singers. Beginning in 1977, popular disc jockey Cleveland Wheeler served as the morning host.

The station hired Scott Shannon as program director in 1981. Shannon and Wheeler soon developed the first morning zoo radio show in the U.S. The two decided to work up a wilder show together, with plenty of comedy and characters. It was founded on their own playful, irreverent, and provocative interaction, with spontaneous bits of parody leavened with straight news. They called the show the *Q Morning Zoo*, and it quickly became a hit. At its height, it had 85 people working to produce it. Dave Saint, Jack Harris, Bill Garcia, Uncle Johnny, Alan O’Brien, Tedd Webb, Pat McKay, Steve Kelly, and Mason Dixon were all involved with the station as on-air personalities. Q105 quickly overtook WLCY-FM, which had signed on three years earlier with an automated contemporary hits format.

According to engineer Ralph Beaver, the station's call sign was created when they were looking for a set of unique call letters and tossing out ideas, he suggested ‘RB’ (which happened to be his initials). Southern Broadcasting, which then owned the station, had just signed on WRVQ in Richmond, Virginia, and ‘RB’ was available, creating a call sign that sounded similar to its sister station.

When it began its Top 40 format, WRBQ-FM was owned by Southern Broadcasting. In 1978, the station was purchased by Harte-Hanks, then in 1983, by Edens Broadcasting, headed by former Southern Broadcasting and Harte-Hanks executive Gary Edens. WRBQ added an AM simulcast on 1380 AM that same year.

For 20 years, Q105 was a Mainstream Top 40/CHR station and dominated the ratings in Tampa. The station maintained its popularity until September 1989, when crosstown Oldies station WFLZ-FM changed to an aggressive Top 40/CHR format called *Power 93, The Power Pig*. Part of WFLZ's plan was to mock and belittle Q105. WFLZ had billboards all over Tampa saying "Screw The Q" with the letter "Q" and a large red screw through it. Q105 had faced competition beforehand against crosstown WZNE (*Z98*) for a short period of time during the mid-1980s, but it prevailed.

Q105 continued on against The Power Pig for a few more years, but was unable to regain the ratings the station once enjoyed. WRBQ tried moving slightly in a rhythmic direction (much like WFLZ) in April 1990, and then moved towards an adult lean in February 1993. In addition, Edens was also running into financial trouble, partially related due to the fallout from WFLZ's competition. In January 1992, WRBQ (AM) split from the simulcast and flipped to the satellite-fed urban AC service "The Touch". Also in 1992, Edens decided to sell all of its stations. WRBQ-AM-FM were purchased by Clear Channel Communications in July of that year.

### Country (1993–2002)

At 1:05 p.m. on April 2, 1993, after playing "Real Love" by Jody Watley and "Happy Trails" by Roy Rogers, WRBQ-FM flipped to a country format, which began with a weekend of all-Garth Brooks music. The country station kept the "Q105" name and logo (albeit colored in a red, white and blue motif). The switch to country was an immediate ratings success, climbing from 13th place to 2nd, beating every station except then-rival (now sister station) country competitor WQYK-FM. WRBQ was briefly renamed "105 The Bee" in the late 1990s. It continued as a successful country radio station until the early 2000s.

In February 1999, as a result of the merger of Clear Channel and Jacor, WRBQ was sold to Infinity Broadcasting, later CBS Radio, and became WQYK's sister station. (Its AM counterpart was sold to ABC and flipped to "Radio Disney".)

### Oldies (2002–2005)

Former WRBQ Program Director Mason Dixon was Program Director of sister station WYUU, an oldies station, with a weaker signal than WRBQ and most other Tampa FM stations. Dixon lobbied Infinity management to move the oldies format to WRBQ. On April 18, 2002, WRBQ and WYUU swapped formats. WYUU became "Country 92.5", while WRBQ became an oldies station as “Oldies 104.7”, playing many of the 1970s and 80s hits it once played when they were current. (WYUU has since flipped to Spanish-language contemporary hits.)

### Classic Hits (2005–present)

The station returned to the "Q105" branding in July 2005. By 2010, the station removed songs from the 1960s and added more 1980s titles, making the transition to classic hits ("The Greatest Hits of All Time").

In 2008, Scott Walker was hired to be WRBQ's on-air Program Director and midday host. This was done to allow Mason Dixon to focus entirely on his morning show duties. In 2013, Brian Thomas programmed WRBQ and sister station WQYK for a short period of time. Tee Gentry later took over programming duties on an interim basis. Ted Cannarozzi became the official PD in January 2016.

In recent years, WRBQ-FM has brought back jingles from its Top 40 days. These include cuts from the "Positron", "Outstanding", "The Rock", "FM", "The Flame Thrower", "Warp Factor", "Red Hot", "Power Station", "Skywave," "Turbo Z," and "Z World" packages, all from JAM Creative Productions. The Q105 jingle melody, in its present incarnation, was modeled after that of "Z100," WHTZ in New York. (The jingles have since been discontinued.)

On October 2, 2014, CBS Radio announced that it would trade all of the company's radio stations in Charlotte and Tampa (including WRBQ), as well as WIP in Philadelphia, to the Beasley Broadcast Group. This was in exchange for five stations in Miami and Philadelphia. The swap was completed on December 1, 2014.

On October 5, 2020, the station announced the return of the *MJ Morning Show*, which originally aired on WFLZ from 1994 until 2012. The MJ in the show's title is MJ Kelli, who is also known as conservative talk radio host Todd Schnitt, his real name. The addition of the MJ Morning Show resulted in Mason Dixon moving back to the afternoon drive time slot. In October 2022, Dixon departed the station as part of nation-wide layoffs by Beasley Media Group.\<ref\>"More Names from the Beasley Media Layoffs as Additional Markets Affected". 12 October 2022.\</ref. In 2024 the Q105 management team found themselves embroiled in controversy for letting go of radio personality Froggy, Mike Cusimano. The lay offs were speculated to occur largely because Froggy had information about inappropriate conduct amongst the Beasley Media group/ Q105 Management.

### Buccaneers broadcasts

At one time, WRBQ was the flagship radio station for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League. That may have made it the first Top 40 station in the U.S. to carry live play-by-play sporting events. Jesse Ventura, the former professional wrestler and actor who later became governor of Minnesota, was one of the team's color analysts.

Buccaneers broadcasts are now heard on WXTB, an active rock station owned by iHeartMedia.

## InfoBox

WRBQ-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Tampa Bay Area |
| Frequency | 104.7 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | *Tampa Bay's Q105* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic hits |
| Subchannels | **HD2:** WJBR simulcast |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WPBB, WJBR, WLLD, WQYK-FM, WYUU |
| History | |
| First air date | June 1954 (1954-06) (as WPKM) |
| Former call signs | * WPKM (1954–1972) * WEZX (1972–1973) |
| Call sign meaning | Ralph Beaver (station engineer) Quality |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 11943 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 174 meters (571 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | myq105.com |


title: Phoenix (Pedro the Lion album)

abstract: Phoenix is the fifth studio album by American indie rock band Pedro the Lion. It was released on January 18, 2019, through Polyvinyl Record Co. It is the first album in fifteen years for the band, with their last album Achilles Heel being released in 2004.

text:
# Phoenix (Pedro the Lion album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.6/10 |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *The 405* | 7.5/10 |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Drowned in Sound* | 8/10 |
| *Paste* | 8/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.6/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 8/10 |
| *Sputnikmusic* |  |

***Phoenix*** is the fifth studio album by American indie rock band Pedro the Lion. It was released on January 18, 2019, through Polyvinyl Record Co.

It is the first album in fifteen years for the band, with their last album *Achilles Heel* being released in 2004.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sunrise" | 1:01 |
| 2. | "Yellow Bike" | 3:53 |
| 3. | "Clean Up" | 2:49 |
| 4. | "Powerful Taboo" | 3:29 |
| 5. | "Model Homes" | 3:21 |
| 6. | "Piano Bench" | 1:38 |
| 7. | "Circle K" | 3:36 |
| 8. | "Quietest Friend" | 4:23 |
| 9. | "Tracing the Grid" | 3:16 |
| 10. | "Black Canyon" | 5:23 |
| 11. | "My Phoenix" | 3:24 |
| 12. | "All Seeing Eye" | 2:42 |
| 13. | "Leaving the Valley" | 6:09 |

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 10 |

## InfoBox

| Phoenix | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pedro the Lion | |
| Released | January 18, 2019 (2019-01-18) |
| Length | 45:05 |
| Label | Polyvinyl |
| Producer | Andy D. Park |
| Pedro the Lion chronology | |
| *Achilles Heel*
(2004) ***Phoenix***
(2019) *Havasu*
(2022) | |


title: Montpon-Ménestérol station

abstract: Montpon-Ménestérol is a railway station in Montpon-Ménestérol, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Coutras - Tulle railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.

text:
# Montpon-Ménestérol station

**Montpon-Ménestérol** is a railway station in Montpon-Ménestérol, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Coutras - Tulle railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.

## Train services

The station is served by regional trains to Bordeaux, Périgueux, Limoges and Brive-la-Gaillarde.

| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saint-Seurin-sur-l'Isletowards Bordeaux |  | 31 |  | Mussidantowards Limoges |
| |  | 32 |  | Mussidantowards Ussel |

45°00′23″N 0°09′33″E / 45.00639°N 0.15917°E / 45.00639; 0.15917


title: Onycodes traumataria

abstract: Onycodes traumataria is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1857. It is found in the Australia, including New South Wales and Tasmania.

text:
# Onycodes traumataria

***Onycodes traumataria*** is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1857. It is found in the Australia, including New South Wales and Tasmania.

## InfoBox

| *Onycodes traumataria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Onycodes* |
| Species: | ***O. traumataria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Onycodes traumataria***<br>Guenée, 1857 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chilma flagrantaria* Walker, 1863 | |


title: Twitter and Tear Gas

abstract: Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest is a 2017 non-fiction book written by Zeynep Tufekci about protest in the age of the internet, social networks, and social media. Tufekci describes the internet as a new type of digital public sphere and compares protest movements throughout history to modern movements that used the internet. The book is freely available under a Creative Commons license.

text:
# Twitter and Tear Gas

***Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest*** is a 2017 non-fiction book written by Zeynep Tufekci about protest in the age of the internet, social networks, and social media. Tufekci describes the internet as a new type of digital public sphere and compares protest movements throughout history to modern movements that used the internet. The book is freely available under a Creative Commons license.

## Overview

Tufekci stresses throughout that online spaces and social media are an important public sphere and not simply virtual extensions of people's lives. She asserts that pre- and post-internet movements cannot be judged by the same criteria. The internet has given protesters the power to gather and scale quickly: the 1963 March on Washington drew hundreds of thousands and was the result of many months of planning in a multi-year effort, while massive crowds during the Egyptian revolution of 2011 gathered in Tahrir Square in a few days. She describes a movement's "capacity" and its "signal". The capacity is its ability to (for example) command a narrative, to disrupt the status quo, or to effect legislative or structural change. Protests are a "signal" of such capacities. The Civil rights movement built such capacities and achieved significant change, while protests such as Occupy Wall Street gathered large crowds but fizzled. She describes "tactical freeze", in which movements are unable to respond to inevitable government countermeasures. Governments may also employ methods of censorship like manipulating attention by flooding social media with irrelevant or misleading information, as with China's 50 Cent Army, or pushing activists towards self-censorship through online harassment.

## Reception

*Twitter and Tear Gas* was named as one of 50 notable works of nonfiction by *The Washington Post*. A review from the newspaper praised the book for its transformative view of the role of digital technology in activist causes. Another review described the book as essential documentation of how social media plays a role in protests.

## InfoBox

Twitter and Tear Gas
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Zeynep Tufekci |
| Cover artist | Mstyslav Chernov |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Protest, social media |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | Yale University Press |
| Publication date | 2017 |
| Pages | 360 |
| ISBN | 978-0-300-21512-0 |
| Website | https://www.twitterandteargas.org/ |


title: Lambda2 Fornacis

abstract: λ⁲ Fornacis, Latinized as Lambda⁲ Fornacis, is the primary of a binary star system in the southern constellation of Fornax. It is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.78. It is located 83 light years distant from the Sun, based on stellar parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +12 km/s. This object is a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G1V. It is considered a solar analog, being photometrically-similar to the Sun. The star is an estimated 4.3 billion years old with 1.2 times the mass of the Sun and 1.5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating three times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,936 K. The abundance of elements with more mass than helium is 55% higher than in the Sun. There is a faint co-moving companion star located to the east of the main star at an angular separation of 45″. This is most likely an M5–M6 class red dwarf with 0.11 times the Sun's mass. The projected separation between the pair is about 1,000 AU.

text:
# Lambda2 Fornacis

**λ2 Fornacis**, Latinized as **Lambda2 Fornacis**, is the primary of a binary star system in the southern constellation of Fornax. It is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.78. It is located 83 light years distant from the Sun, based on stellar parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +12 km/s.

This object is a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G1V. It is considered a solar analog, being photometrically-similar to the Sun. The star is an estimated 4.3 billion years old with 1.2 times the mass of the Sun and 1.5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating three times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,936 K. The abundance of elements with more mass than helium is 55% higher than in the Sun.

There is a faint co-moving companion star located to the east of the main star at an angular separation of 45. This is most likely an M5–M6 class red dwarf with 0.11 times the Sun's mass. The projected separation between the pair is about 1,000 AU.

## Planetary system

Precision Doppler spectroscopy from an intensive 48 night observing campaign on the Anglo-Australian Telescope has revealed the presence of a low-mass extrasolar planet orbiting the star. This object has an orbital period of 17.24 days and an eccentricity of 0.2. It has a minimum (baseline) mass of 21.9 *M*🜨.

The Lambda2 Fornacis planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 0.069±0.007 MJ | 0.14±0.01 | 17.24±0.01 | 0.2±0.09 |  |  |

## InfoBox

Lambda2 Fornacis
|
λ2 Fornacis on the right of the Fornax Dwarf Galaxy
**Credit**: *ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2* | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| Constellation | Fornax |
|
| Right ascension | 02h 36m 58.6079s |
| Declination | −34° 34 40.714 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.78 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | G1V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| B−V color index | +0.653±0.005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +11.80±0.65 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −18.507±0.065 mas/yr
Dec.: −258.869±0.089 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 39.3512 ± 0.0543 mas |
| **Distance** | 82.9 ± 0.1 ly
(25.41 ± 0.04 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 3.74±0.04 |
|  | |
| Details | |
| A | |
| **Mass** | 1.18±0.04 |
| **Radius** | 1.50±0.05 |
| **Luminosity** | 3.03 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.12±0.03 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,936 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | +0.19 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 1.4 or 3.2 km/s |
| **Age** | 4.34±0.82 Gyr |
| B | |
| **Mass** | 0.11 |
| Other designations | |
| λ2 For, CD–35°903, Gaia DR2 5062172841616745856, GC 3153, GJ 105.1, HD 16417, HIP 12186, HR 772, SAO 193811, PPM 278138, LTT 1280, NLTT 8516, GCRV 1481, 2MASS J02365859-3434404 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |
| **Exoplanet Archive** | data |
| **ARICNS** | data |


title: Thorium heptaphosphide

abstract: Thorium heptaphosphide is a binary inorganic compound of thorium metal and phosphorus with the chemical formula ThP7. This is the most phosphorus-rich binary compound of a tetravalent thorium.

text:
# Thorium heptaphosphide

**Thorium heptaphosphide** is a binary inorganic compound of thorium metal and phosphorus with the chemical formula ThP7. This is the most phosphorus-rich binary compound of a tetravalent thorium.

## Synthesis

Thorium heptaphosphide can be synthesized from the elements with addition of iodine at 830 K.

## Properties

Thorium heptaphosphide forms black rod-shaped crystals of orthorhombic crystal system. It decomposes to Th2P11 at 650 K in vacuo.

## InfoBox

Thorium heptaphosphide
| Identifiers | |
| --- | --- |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/7P.Th/q;;;4\*-1;+4Key: LNJLDCGWEAURNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * \[Th+4\].\[P-\].\[P-\].\[P-\].\[P-\].\[P\].\[P\].\[P\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | P7Th |
| Molar mass | 448.8540 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | black rod-shaped crystals |
| Density | 4.93 g/cm3 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: WRBR-FM

abstract: WRBR-FM is a radio station in South Bend, Indiana, United States, broadcasting an active rock format. The station is owned by Federated Media. WRBR-FM hosts several concerts and activities in the South Bend area. WRBR-FM was formerly an oldies station before switching to an active rock format.

text:
# WRBR-FM

**WRBR-FM** (103.9 MHz) is a radio station in South Bend, Indiana, United States, broadcasting an active rock format. The station is owned by Federated Media. WRBR-FM hosts several concerts and activities in the South Bend area. WRBR-FM was formerly an oldies station before switching to an active rock format.

## History

The station was first licensed as WJVA-FM on August 5, 1964; it became WRBR in 1968. Its Top 40 format lasted until 1981 when its call letters changed to WXMG and flipped to adult contemporary. In 1984, the call letters were changed to WZZP; four years later, the station returned to a Top 40/CHR format, competing against WNDU-FM. A few years later, in 1991, the station returned to the WRBR-FM call letters. WRBR dropped CHR in 1993 for an oldies format which lasted until flipping to rock in 1998.

41°41′53″N 86°09′25″W / 41.698°N 86.157°W / 41.698; -86.157

## InfoBox

WRBR-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | South Bend, Indiana |
| Frequency | 103.9 MHz |
| Branding | *103.9 The Bear* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Active rock |
| Affiliations | United Stations Radio Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WAOR, WBYT, WTRC, WTRC-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | 1964 (1964) |
| Former call signs | * WJVA-FM (1964–1968) * WRBR (1969–1981) * WXMG (1981–1984) * WZZP (1984–1991) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 27145 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,000 watts |
| HAAT | 100 meters (330 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.1039thebear.com |


title: Phoradendron pomasquianum

abstract: Phoradendron pomasquianum is a species of plant in the Santalaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Phoradendron pomasquianum

***Phoradendron pomasquianum*** is a species of plant in the Santalaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## InfoBox

| *Phoradendron pomasquianum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Santalales |
| Family: | Santalaceae |
| Genus: | *Phoradendron* |
| Species: | ***P. pomasquianum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phoradendron pomasquianum***
Trel. | |
|


title: Weave (consultancy)

abstract: weave is a French company which provides operational strategy consulting services. In 2011, weave became the first French consulting firm to obtain European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) recognition. Weave is also a member of the French Association for Management Progress (APM) as well as the Syntec Federation.

text:
# Weave (consultancy)

**weave** is a French company which provides operational strategy consulting services. In 2011, weave became the first French consulting firm to obtain European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) recognition. Weave is also a member of the French Association for Management Progress (APM) as well as the Syntec Federation.

## History

Didier Rousseau founded weave in 2001 to provide consulting services in operational strategy, focusing on the manufacturing industry and the food sector. The same year, weave launched its first subsidiary, Airmis, offering management and IT consultancy. In the year of its launch in 2001, weave experienced rapid growth. That year, the firm also launched its dedicated Energy Industry Services department. In 2002 weave developed a Business Technology offering.

The arrival of Eric Delannoy and Alexandre Meyer in 2005 led to the launch of a portfolio of solutions for the banking & insurance sector.

In 2006 weave created a subsidiary, WHumanRessources, offering recruiting services. Company acquire O2 France, a French sustainable development and eco-design consultancy, and also to set up AIR, in conjunction with Catherine Ronge, one of the firm's original founders.

In 2011, weave became the first French consulting firm to obtain EFQM (European Foundation For Quality Management) recognition, achieving the highest level: Recognized for Excellence 5 star. This award was renewed in 2015.

In 2014, the independent private equity firm NiXEN Partners acquired a 60% stake in weave, making it the majority shareholder. The second largest stake is owned by weaver Chairman & CEO Didier Rousseau, and the remaining 16% equity is held by 32 associates.

In 2018, OnePoint acquired 100% of the company shares from weave's partners and NIXEN for €120 million. The new organization now counts 2,300 employees in Europe, North Africa, North America and Singapore for an expected turnover of €300 million.

## InfoBox

weave
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Consulting in augmented strategy |
| Founded | 2001 |
| Founder | Didier Rousseau |
| Headquarters | Incorporated Headquarters in Paris, France |
| Key people | Didier Rousseau, President & CEO |
| Number of employees | 420 |
| Website | weave.eu |


title: National Airlines Open Invitational

abstract: The National Airlines Open Invitational was a professional golf tournament in south Florida on the PGA Tour. It was held in late March in Hialeah at the West Course of the Country Club of Miami in 1969, 1970, and 1971 At the time, it was among the richest events on tour, with a $200,000 purse and a $40,000 winner's share. Gary Player was the final champion in 1971, two strokes ahead of defending champion Lee Trevino, who won the previous year in a playoff over Bob Menne. Player's win was his 75th worldwide. In 1972, it was replaced on the schedule by the Jackie Gleason Inverrary Classic in Lauderhill, initially a month earlier in late February. Miami-based National Airlines co-sponsored its second edition in 1973, also won by Trevino, but not after. That tournament ended its affiliation with Gleason after 1980 and continues today as The Honda Classic in Palm Beach Gardens. The other PGA Tour event in the Miami area was the Doral Open, which began in 1962 and was usually played in early March. It was sponsored by competing carrier Eastern Air Lines, also Miami-based, from 1970 through 1986.

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# National Airlines Open Invitational

The **National Airlines Open Invitational** was a professional golf tournament in south Florida on the PGA Tour. It was held in late March in Hialeah at the West Course of the Country Club of Miami in 1969, 1970, and 1971 At the time, it was among the richest events on tour, with a 200,000 purse and a $40,000 winner's share.

Gary Player was the final champion in 1971, two strokes ahead of defending champion Lee Trevino, who won the previous year in a playoff over Bob Menne. Player's win was his 75th worldwide.

In 1972, it was replaced on the schedule by the Jackie Gleason Inverrary Classic in Lauderhill, initially a month earlier in late February. Miami-based National Airlines co-sponsored its second edition in 1973, also won by Trevino, but not after. That tournament ended its affiliation with Gleason after 1980 and continues today as The Honda Classic in Palm Beach Gardens.

The other PGA Tour event in the Miami area was the Doral Open, which began in 1962 and was usually played in early March. It was sponsored by competing carrier Eastern Air Lines, also Miami-based, from 1970 through 1986.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of
victory | Runner(s)-up | Winner's
share () | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1971 | Gary Player | 274 | −14 | 2 strokes | Lee Trevino | 40,000 |  |
| 1970 | Lee Trevino | 274 | −14 | Playoff | Bob Menne | 40,000 |  |
| 1969 | Bunky Henry | 278 | −10 | 1 stroke | Bruce Crampton
Bob Murphy
Dan Sikes
Dave Stockton | 40,000 |  |

25°56′38″N 80°18′50″W / 25.944°N 80.314°W / 25.944; -80.314

## InfoBox

National Airlines Open Invitational
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Hialeah, Florida |
| Established | 1969 |
| Course(s) | Country Club of Miami
(West Course) |
| Par | 72 |
| Length | 6,970 yards (6,370 m) |
| Tour(s) | PGA Tour |
| Format | Stroke play |
| Prize fund | US$200,000 |
| Month played | March |
| Final year | 1971 |
| Tournament record score | |
| Aggregate | 274 Bob Menne (1970)
274 Lee Trevino (1970)
274 Gary Player (1971) |
| To par | −14 *as above* |
| Final champion | |
| Gary Player | |
| Location map | |
| CC of MiamiLocation in the United StatesCC of MiamiLocation in Florida | |


title: In the Heart of the Sea (soundtrack)

abstract: In the Heart of the Sea is the soundtrack to the 2015 film of the same name directed by Ron Howard. Featuring original score composed by Roque Baños, the soundtrack featuring 16 tracks was released by WaterTower Music on December 4, 2015, with a deluxe edition containing six bonus tracks was released on December 11.

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# In the Heart of the Sea (soundtrack)

***In the Heart of the Sea (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)*** is the soundtrack to the 2015 film of the same name directed by Ron Howard. Featuring original score composed by Roque Baños, the soundtrack featuring 16 tracks was released by WaterTower Music on December 4, 2015, with a deluxe edition containing six bonus tracks was released on December 11.

## Development

Howard wanted his regular collaborator Hans Zimmer to score music for the film. Zimmer instead recommend Roque Baños to score for the film. During a discussion with Howard, Baños recalled that the music will be another actor in the film, covering over 50 percent of the film and insisted a dramatic but modern sound, and should not rely on old classical themes. He further suggested him that the music should also convey the peril and passion of the story. Baños used an array of instruments, ranging from ethnic to electrical and orchestral to traditional.

The ethnic flutes were used to convey the force of nature, while the traditional instrument didgeridoo was used to represent the whale. He further used electric cellos and orchestral guitars, but Baños found the percussion as the unusual one saying that he did not want to use percussion on the action sequences, but instead something special, thereby asking Howard to use the objects in the ship for the shooting, including the sails, ropes, hull and various others. He further spent two days recording a pallette of sounds from the ship, which he described it "recording the sounds from the nature" mostly water and air. Furthermore, putting all the sounds used a lot of mixing, which was a "huge experiment". Banos felt that, "there is always a way to combine extremely different instruments. I also created a big library of sounds so then I convert them into notes so then it could be used as music".

## Track listing

*In the Heart of the Sea* (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Arriving Nickerson's Lair" | 2:51 |
| 2. | "Chase Walking Nantucket" | 2:05 |
| 3. | "Farewell" | 2:47 |
| 4. | "Young Nickerson" | 2:16 |
| 5. | "Essex Leaving Harbor" | 3:06 |
| 6. | "The Knockdown" | 6:15 |
| 7. | "Blows" | 7:07 |
| 8. | "A Thousand Leagues Out" | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Lower Away" | 3:54 |
| 10. | "The Attack" | 5:48 |
| 11. | "Abandon Ship" | 6:09 |
| 12. | "Separations" | 4:29 |
| 13. | "Stand Off" | 3:10 |
| 14. | "Homecoming" | 7:32 |
| 15. | "The Story Is Told" | 6:41 |
| 16. | "The White Whale Chant" | 4:38 |
| Total length: | | 67:33 |

Bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17. | "Meeting Old Nickerson" | 2:26 |
| 18. | "The Second Attack" | 4:19 |
| 19. | "Lost at Sea" | 2:50 |
| 20. | "Desert Island" | 3:44 |
| 21. | "Finding The Dead" | 2:04 |
| 22. | "End Credits (Alternate Version)" | 1:17 |
| Total length: | | 88:51 |

## Reception

James Southall of *Movie Wave* wrote "With entirely generic modern action music, the orchestra buried behind the standard ubiquitous synth percussion, rather overcooked dramatic swells that occur so often they lose impact, the score is largely without nuance or seemingly any particular regard to the specifics of the film." Pete Simons of *Synchrotones* called the score as "magnificent" and "one of the best scores of the year". Justin Chang of *Variety* commented it as "strenuous plucking of every heartstring". Matt Edwards of *Den of Geek* wrote "The score picks it up some, too. Created by Roque Baños, it’s at times grand and majestic, at others spooky and haunting, selling the isolation of being at sea." Tasha Robinson of *The Verge* called the score as "frantic" and "insistent".

The score was longlisted among 112 other contenders for the Best Original Score at the 88th Academy Awards.

## InfoBox

| In the Heart of the Sea (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Film score by Roque Baños | |
| Released | December 4, 2015 |
| Recorded | 2015 |
| Genre | Film score |
| Length | 88:51 |
| Label | WaterTower Music |
| Producer | Roque Baños |
|  | |
| Roque Baños chronology | |
| *Regression*
(2015) ***In the Heart of the Sea***
(2015) *Risen*
(2016) | |
|  | |


title: Mimic (Dungeons & Dragons)

abstract: In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, the mimic is a type of fictional monster. It is portrayed as being able to change its shape to disguise its body as an inanimate object, commonly a chest. The mimic uses a powerful adhesive that holds fast to creatures that touch it, allowing the mimic to beat its victims with its powerful pseudopods. The mimic was introduced in the first edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game's original Monster Manual. The mimic has appeared in subsequent editions. Several variants of the creature have been introduced, with a variety of abilities and sizes.

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# Mimic (Dungeons & Dragons)

In the *Dungeons & Dragons* fantasy role-playing game, the **mimic** is a type of fictional monster. It is portrayed as being able to change its shape to disguise its body as an inanimate object, commonly a chest. The mimic uses a powerful adhesive that holds fast to creatures that touch it, allowing the mimic to beat its victims with its powerful pseudopods. The mimic was introduced in the first edition *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* game's original *Monster Manual*. The mimic has appeared in subsequent editions. Several variants of the creature have been introduced, with a variety of abilities and sizes.

## Publication history

An original creation for the game's artificial underground environment, this "iconic monster" looks like a treasure chest and is designed as a trap for unwary player characters.

### *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* 1st edition

The mimic made its first appearance in the original *Monster Manual* (1977), by Gary Gygax. This book described mimics as "subterranean creatures which cannot stand the light of the sun. They are able to perfectly mimic stone or wood." According to the book, mimics thus pose as items such as stonework, doors, or chests; when a character or creature touches the disguised mimic, the mimic can lash out with a bludgeoning pseudopod. A mimic excretes an adhesive glue to hold fast whatever touches it. The book states that all mimics move about constantly in search of prey. Mimics are described as neutral in alignment.

The *Monster Manual* mentions that there are two types of mimic encountered in the game. The slightly smaller version is more intelligent, and is generally friendly if offered food, usually telling a player character about what it has seen nearby. These creatures have their own language and can usually speak several other tongues. The book described the larger variety of mimic as a carnivorous creature called a "killer mimic". This creature does not speak, and will attack anything which is nearby. The *Monster Manual* was reviewed by Don Turnbull in the British magazine *White Dwarf* No. 8 (August/September 1978). As part of his review, Turnbull comments on several new monsters introduced in the book, referring to the mimic as a thing which adventurers from his Greenlands dungeon "are not going to be best placed to meet".

The July 1983 issue of *Dragon* magazine (No. 75) featured the article "The Ecology of the Mimic", by Ed Greenwood. This article provides additional in-game descriptions of the mimic, with the information purported as having come from "the Journals of Maerlun the Scholar". The article states that a mimic's hide is naturally gray in hue, with a smooth very hard outer skin that appears stone-like; a mimic is able to change the color and texture of its outer surface to resemble wood-grain by shifting a brown pigmented liquid between its interior and exterior body cells to fill the many capillaries lying just beneath the skin surface, while the creature can empty these capillaries to revert to its normal stone-like appearance. A mimic is amorphous, able to alter the external configuration of its form at will, and the more intelligent ones can even assume the shape of a partition wall, overhanging arch, or rough rock wall; this feat is accomplished by the creature's mode of travel, which involves extending its strong pseudopods, which exude a sticky "glue", and pulling itself along ("unsticking" its own glue at will), traveling on walls and ceilings as easily as it can on floors. The article also describes how a mimic observes its surroundings through its very sensitive "eyespots" (patches of pigment that are sensitive to heat, light, and vibration) all over its skin; bright sunlight effectively blinds a mimic by overwhelming these sensory spots, which is why mimics are almost always found in areas where the sun never reaches. Austin Wood of PC Gamer described Greenwood's article as "probably the closest thing to science to ever come out of D&D".

The monster collection "Creature Catalog III" in *Dragon* No. 101 (September 1985) featured a creature by contributor Gregory Detwiler known as the **metal mimic**. The entry states that a metal mimic is a more powerful relative of the "ordinary" mimic, with all of the mimic's basic abilities and characteristics, but being able to imitate metal, in addition to being able to imitate wood and stone. The metal mimic can take on the shape and appearance of items of any raw or finished metal, which includes the color, luster, and texture of any pure metal (such as iron, gold, silver, or platinum) except for adamantite, but cannot form into any alloy. A metal mimic can also create a magical illumination from itself or from any nearby object. A metal mimic can exude a pseudopod in the form of a sword or dagger; such extremities will appear to be a valuable enchanted blade, to lure prey. According to this entry, metal mimics come in two types: the larger, non-belligerent type which may be willing to negotiate for food, and the smaller "killer mimic" which is instinctively aggressive.

*Dungeon* magazine No. 19 (October 1989) includes the adventure scenario "The Vanishing Village", by Marcus Rowland, which features the *house hunters*; these creatures are described in the adventure synopsis as "gigantic relatives of mimics, able to imitate cottages and other buildings up to the size of a small inn or temple."

### *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* 2nd edition

The mimic first appeared for second edition *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* in the second volume of the *Monstrous Compendium* series (1989). In this set, the creature is described as magically-created, and usually appears in the form of a treasure chest, although its natural color is a speckled grey that resembles granite. The entry notes that a mimic can alter its pigmentation to resemble varieties of stone (including marble), and various metals (including gold, silver, and copper); a mimic cannot lose mass in this transformation, but may radically alter its dimensions. This entry reveals the in-game origin of the mimic: "Mimics were originally created by wizards to protect themselves from treasure hunters"; the language spoken by the smaller variety of mimic, also known as the **common mimic**, is a corruption of the original language spoken by their wizard creators. Mimics have no moral code and are sometimes difficult to employ as guardians; the killer mimic is neutral in alignment like the common mimic, but has a tendency towards evil. The entry also notes that alcohol will weaken a mimic's glue, and that the mimic may neutralize the glue at any time; a mimic is also immune to acid attacks and is unaffected by molds, green slime, and various pudding monsters. The mimic's entry is reprinted in the *Monstrous Manual* (1993).

The **space mimic** appeared in the Spelljammer appendix for the *Monstrous Compendium* series (1990); the introduction credits Bruce Heard with the creature's design. These creatures inhabit the setting's "wildspace" between planetary bodies, and were created by wizards for use in long journeys, but proved unreliable servants and were discarded. A space mimic's natural skin is described as "pitch black, with small specks of twinkling light, imitating a space background," and the creature is about the same size as a common mimic. A space mimic may pass as ship debris floating in wildspace, or as an elaborate desk with books and scrolls on an abandoned ship, and can resemble a piece of furniture of any variety of wood, stone, or metal. A space mimic has two eyes, which are normally hidden under thick eyelids. A space mimic also has the innate ability to cast spells as if it were an illusionist, and the creature has an interest in magic as well as food. The entry states that a space mimic will use its magic to become invisible and hypnotize a wizard, levitating itself to lure him somewhere alone, then steal his books, scrolls, and magic items before eating the victim.

Another mimic variant appears in the Forgotten Realms setting boxed set, *The Ruins of Undermountain II: The Deep Levels* (1994), in the set's 16-page Monstrous Compendium booklet. Stated to be found only in the setting's Undermountain thus far, the **greater mimic** is vastly larger than a common mimic and can cover a whole room or a small building such as a tomb; the largest known specimen can cover a 30-foot (9.1 m) cubic area. A greater mimic has a higher intelligence than a common mimic, and a limited resistance to magic, and "can alter its coloring and shape to imitate a vast number of textures, colors, and shapes at once... \[creating\] entire rooms of furniture, treasure and tapestries." A greater mimic can block a corridor and alter its shape to become a room with entrance doors on either side, so that its prey walks directly into it; a greater mimic will always use enticements such as simulated treasure or furniture to lure prey, and will wait until an entire group enters before attacking. A greater mimic will then release its natural adhesive across all its surfaces and attack by slamming the walls of its structure together. A minority of greater mimics can develop an ability to display illusory creatures inside itself, pretending to speak through these creatures' mouths. This mutation of the common mimic, according to its entry in this boxed set, is presumed to be the result of either a mimic having lived for a century and grown to great size, or perhaps a mimic altered by the strange magic of Undermountain and the wizards that reside there. A greater mimic is unlikely to obey a wizard, although Halaster is able to use these creatures as guards and barriers against adventurers. A greater mimic has limited mobility to due its size, and will usually settle in one place. A greater mimic makes pacts with other local creatures for food, but can sustain itself on little or no food for long periods of time if need be; a greater mimic has a prodigious appetite, however, and does not practice conservation if a steady supply of food is available. A greater mimic appears in this boxed set's *Campaign Guide* booklet, as part of the "Muiral's Gauntlet" scenario, living in an abandoned drow complex. When encountered by player characters, this greater mimic covers most of the floor in an apparent storeroom filled with boxes of coins and valuables; if it appears to be losing a fight against the characters, it will negotiate, trading information for its life. The greater mimic's entry is reprinted in the *Monstrous Compendium Annual Two* (1995), although no mention is made there of Undermountain.

All three varieties of the **house hunter mimic** appear for the game's second edition in the *Monstrous Compendium Annual One* (1994).

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 3rd edition

The mimic appears in the *Monster Manual* (2000) for the game's third edition. In this edition, the mimic is given the aberration creature type. This book describes mimics as "strange and deadly creatures that can change their pigmentation and shape. They use this ability to lure hapless victims close enough to slay." This book notes that a weapon striking a mimic becomes stuck to the creature's thick, slimy adhesive, though the weapon can be pried off. In this edition, a mimic can assume the general shape of any object that fills roughly 150 cubic feet (4.2 m3). The mimic also appears in the revised *Monster Manual* (2003) for v 3.5. This book notes that a mimic begins to crush any creature which becomes stuck to one of the mimic's pseudopods.

In the third edition, the two former varieties, common and killer, simply became known as the "mimic". The creature lost its own language, now speaking in the Common tongue to negotiate with adventurers.

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 4th edition

The mimic appeared in the 4th edition *Monster Manual 3* (2010).

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 5th edition

The mimic appears in the 5th edition *Monster Manual* (2014).

## Reception

Rob Bricken, for io9, named the mimic as the 3rd most memorable D&D monster, and as one of "The 12 Most Obnoxious Dungeons & Dragons Monsters".

Jennifer Melzer, for *CBR*, wrote, "The mimic first appeared in Gary Gygax's original *Monster Manual* in 1977 and was described as a creature that could not stand sunlight and was perfectly able to mimic the appearance of stone or wood. Across the decades and the numerous editions of the game, mimics remain one of the most recognizable and obnoxious monsters because players never know when they might run into one. They aren't exactly the most dangerous enemies for an experienced adventuring party to encounter, but they have been known to nearly take out less worldly adventurers who happen upon them unexpectedly in the wild — or in someone's basement. \[...\] Unfortunately, they don't have any weaknesses that make up for their immunities, but that shouldn't stop anyone from trying to set one on fire if given the chance".

## In other media

The Mimic has been added into hundreds of video games, including *Baldur's Gate*, *Dragon Quest*, *ToeJam & Earl*, *Final Fantasy*, *Borderlands*, *Magicka*, *Terraria*, *Torchlight*, and *Enter the Gungeon*, as well as the *Dark Souls* franchise. Mods also exist which add the creature into other games.

The mimic appears in the first *Bestiary* for the *Pathfinder Roleplaying Game*, and is also detailed in Paizo Publishing's book *Dungeon Denizens Revisited* (2009), on pages 22–27,

In the manga and anime series *Frieren: Beyond Journey's End*, a recurring gag has the titular character, determined to find rare magical items, taking her chances with treasure chests that are almost certainly mimics.

## InfoBox

| Mimic | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| First appearance | *Monster Manual* (1977) |
| In-universe information | |
| Type | Aberration (3rd edition) |


title: Landia station

abstract: Landia station is a closed railroad station on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Jefferson Branch in the Locust Grove section of Syosset, in Nassau County, New York.

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# Landia station

**Landia station** is a closed railroad station on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Jefferson Branch in the Locust Grove section of Syosset, in Nassau County, New York.

## History

The station was opened on December 15, 1952 for the Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corporation, which had recently moved from Queens to Syosset. Its purpose was to provide transportation to work for Fairchild employees who still lived in Queens and did not own automobiles.

Service to the station was halted on June 26, 1972, as the station did not have high-level platforms to accommodate the LIRR's new M1 railcars, which did not have stairs to allow for passengers to board from grade-level. In 1970, ridership at the station consisted of two daily passengers. On October 3, 1973, the station closed permanently.

### Future

Reopening the station has been proposed as a solution to the gap problem at Syosset, as Landia is on a straight portion of track instead of the curved section at Syosset.

## InfoBox

| Landia | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | South side of Robbins Lane<br>Syosset, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°47′51.3″N 73°30′54.1″W / 40.797583°N 73.515028°W / 40.797583; -73.515028 |
| Owned by | Long Island Rail Road |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1952 |
| Closed | 1973 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Long Island Rail Road Following station  Former services  Hicksvilletoward Penn Station, Grand Central or Long Island City  Port Jefferson Branch  Syossettoward Huntington or Port Jefferson | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Qullqini

abstract: Qullqini is a 5,025-metre-high (16,486 ft) mountain in the La Raya mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Marangani District. Qullqini lies near the La Raya pass southwest of Qillqa and Kuntur Quta and northwest of Huch'uy K'uchu. It is situated at the Qillqa valley whose stream flows to the Willkanuta River.

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# Qullqini

**Qullqini** (Aymara *qullqi* silver, *-ni* a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with silver", Hispanicized spelling *Colquene*) is a 5,025-metre-high (16,486 ft) mountain in the La Raya mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Marangani District. Qullqini lies near the La Raya pass southwest of Qillqa and Kuntur Quta and northwest of Huch'uy K'uchu. It is situated at the Qillqa valley whose stream flows to the Willkanuta River.

## InfoBox

| Qullqini | |
| --- | --- |
| QullqiniPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,025 m (16,486 ft) |
| Coordinates | 14°23′42″S 71°03′42″W / 14.39500°S 71.06167°W / -14.39500; -71.06167 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Cusco Region, Canchis Province |
| Parent range | Andes, La Raya |


title: Thomson River (Queensland)

abstract: The Thomson River is a perennial river that forms part of the Lake Eyre Basin, situated in the central west and western regions of Queensland, Australia. Much of the course of the river comprises a series of narrow channels synonymous with the Channel Country and the Galilee subregion. The river was named in 1847 by the explorer, Edmund Kennedy, in honour of The Hon. Sir Edward Deas Thomson, the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales at the time of discovery.

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# Thomson River (Queensland)

The **Thomson River** is a perennial river that forms part of the Lake Eyre Basin, situated in the central west and western regions of Queensland, Australia. Much of the course of the river comprises a series of narrow channels synonymous with the Channel Country and the Galilee subregion.

The river was named in 1847 by the explorer, Edmund Kennedy, in honour of The Hon. Sir Edward Deas Thomson KCMG, CMG, the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales at the time of discovery.

## History

Kuungkari (also known as Kungkari and Koonkerri) is a language of Western Queensland. The Kuungkari language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Longreach Shire Council and Blackall-Tambo Shire Council.

## Course and features

Draining the Alma Range, part of the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the northernmost headwaters of the river begin as Torrens Creek, inland from Charters Towers. The watercourse becomes the Thomson just north of the town of Muttaburra, where the channels of Landsborough River, Towerhill Creek and Cornish Creek meet. Aramac Creek joins the river from the east, at Camoola south of Muttaburra and Maneroo Creek flows from the west, joining the Thomson south of Longreach. Just to the west of Longreach the river is crossed by the Landsborough Highway.

The river continues in a south westerly direction, passing the towns of Longreach, Stonehenge and Jundah, before reaching its confluence with the Barcoo River, 40 km north of Windorah, to form Cooper Creek. This is the only place in the world where the confluence of two rivers form a creek. From source to mouth, the Thomson is joined by 41 named tributaries over its 350 km (210 miles) course.

As with all of the rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin, the waters of the Thomson never reach the sea, and instead either evaporate, or, in exceptional flood, empty into Lake Eyre. Floods are relatively common within the catchment because of the summer monsoon rains. Due to the flat nature of the country traversed, the river can then become many kilometres wide. For much of the time, however, the river does not flow, and becomes a line of billabongs, of which fifteen are named.

The area through which the river flows is semi-arid blacksoil plains. The main industries of the area are sheep and beef cattle.

## InfoBox

| Thomson | |
| --- | --- |
| Longreach, 1938 | |
| Map of the Lake Eyre Basin showing Thomson River | |
| Etymology | Sir Edward Deas Thomson KCMG, CMG |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland |
| Region | Central West Queensland, Western Queensland |
| City | Longreach |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Alma Range, Great Dividing Range |
| location | north of Muttaburra |
| elevation | 215 m (705 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | confluence with the Barcoo River to form Cooper Creek |
| coordinates | 25°10′2″S 142°53′24″E / 25.16722°S 142.89000°E / -25.16722; 142.89000 |
| elevation | 130 m (430 ft) |
| Length | 350 km (220 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Lake Eyre Basin |
| Tributaries |  |
| right | Landsborough Creek, Darr River |
|  | |


title: Philippe Rousselet

abstract: Philippe Rousselet is a French film producer. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2021 American film CODA, a remake of the 2014 French film La Famille Bélier, which he had also produced.

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# Philippe Rousselet

**Philippe Rousselet** (born 7 July 1968) is a French film producer. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2021 American film *CODA*, a remake of the 2014 French film *La Famille Bélier*, which he had also produced.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Philippe Rousselet | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1968-07-07) 7 July 1968<br>Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
| Occupation | Film producer |
| Parent | André Rousselet (father) |


title: Weave Bridge

abstract:
The Weave Bridge is a 145 ft (44 m) bridge at the University of Pennsylvania, USA, which was conceptualized by Cecil Balmond and engineered by Ammann & Whitney. It was commissioned by the university in 2007, and opened in June 2009. The bridge creates a pedestrian passage over the Amtrak train tracks that currently separate the main campus from athletic fields along the Schuylkill River. The design features a "braided rope" structure consisting of stainless steel strands. It marks the first milestone in the university's plan to transform a former postal depot into a 24-acre (97,000 m⁲) complex, called Penn Park. The design uses a "never before used bridge structure" It is in keeping with Balmond's perusal of a "non-linear world, and his principle that "structure as conceptual rigour is architecture." His dynamic and organizational approach to structure is informed by the sciences of complexity, non-linear organization and emergence. The design obviates the use of conventional longitudinal supporting beams. According to Esquire magazine:"The span is a poetic solution to a pedestrian problem." Balmond founded and runs the University of Pennsylvania's Non-Linear Systems Organization, a research group he set up to explore ways in which architecture can demonstrate, test and apply insights from mathematics and sciences. He currently holds the Paul Philippe Cret chair as Professor of Architecture at PennDesign.
Cecil Balmond realized the design through Arup's AGU, an experimental research and design unit he founded in 2000. Balmond joined Arup in 1968 and is Deputy Chairman.

text:
# Weave Bridge

The **Weave Bridge** is a 145 ft (44 m) bridge at the University of Pennsylvania, USA, which was conceptualized by Cecil Balmond and engineered by Ammann & Whitney. It was commissioned by the university in 2007, and opened in June 2009.

The bridge creates a pedestrian passage over the Amtrak train tracks that currently separate the main campus from athletic fields along the Schuylkill River. The design features a "braided rope" structure consisting of stainless steel strands. It marks the first milestone in the university's plan to transform a former postal depot into a 24-acre (97,000 m2) complex, called Penn Park. The design uses a "never before used bridge structure" It is in keeping with Balmond's perusal of a "non-linear world, and his principle that "structure as conceptual rigour is architecture." His dynamic and organizational approach to structure is informed by the sciences of complexity, non-linear organization and emergence.

The design obviates the use of conventional longitudinal supporting beams. According to *Esquire* magazine:"The span is a poetic solution to a pedestrian problem." Balmond founded and runs the University of Pennsylvania's Non-Linear Systems Organization, a research group he set up to explore ways in which architecture can demonstrate, test and apply insights from mathematics and sciences. He currently holds the Paul Philippe Cret chair as Professor of Architecture at PennDesign. Cecil Balmond realized the design through Arup's AGU, an experimental research and design unit he founded in 2000. Balmond joined Arup in 1968 and is Deputy Chairman.

39°56′55″N 75°11′13″W / 39.94864°N 75.18702°W / 39.94864; -75.18702


title: National Airspace System Voice Switch

abstract: The United States National Airspace System Voice Switch (NVS) project, a part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), aims to establish a single set of scalable voice switches that can support a dynamic flow of air traffic. Voice communications network flexibility is essential for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to increase air traffic control network flexibility.

text:
# National Airspace System Voice Switch

The United States **National Airspace System Voice Switch** (**NVS**) project, a part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), aims to establish a single set of scalable voice switches that can support a dynamic flow of air traffic. Voice communications network flexibility is essential for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to increase air traffic control network flexibility.

## Description

Voice communications is a fundamental part of providing air traffic control services. Both air-to-ground and ground-to-ground voice communications are essential for the en route, flight service and terminal domains of aircraft flights to provide safe, orderly and efficient flow of air traffic.

In the early years of the twenty-first century, air traffic control air-ground and ground-ground voice communications are managed on a geographical basis. The equipment used is a mixture of seventeen different types, some already 20 years old.

Current voice communications switches are very static, and the ability to adjust the airspace for varying loads very limited. An air traffic controller in Miami in winter time may be over-loaded, whilst in the remainder of the year under-loaded. During the same periods, an air traffic controller in Minneapolis may be under-loaded in winter, and over-loaded at other times. With an inflexible system, the solution has to be to physically move controllers to cope with the higher workloads.

NVS aims to enable voice switch flexibility by allowing the airspace to be dynamically reconfigured according to workload, without the physical movement of staff. So, an air traffic controller in Minneapolis could be logically reassigned to Miami without a physical movement being necessary. A migration from analog communications to Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is also being considered.

## Benefits

NVS will enable FAA air traffic control to establish a network-based communications system, to evolve towards flexible communications routing that provides dynamic re-sectorisation, resource reallocation, airspace redesign, and improved aircraft flow capacity.

NVS will:

* use open systems standards and/or commercial off-the-shelf equipment
* reduce equipment inventories of out-of-date switch types
* reduce acquisition, training and maintenance costs by reducing the number of voice switch designs
* improve equipment availability
* enable flexible allocation of access to communications resources to meet both strategic and tactical demands
* enable flexible user access profile definitions to assure secure access to the system and to enable defined roles to be performed
* provide scalability
* provide a fault-tolerant system.

## Development

Northrop Grumman Corporation announced the demonstration of the company's Next Generation Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Voice Switch to officials of the FAA in preparation for the upcoming National Airspace System Voice Switch program competition. The demonstration was the second phase of Northrop Grumman's response to a Request for Information issued by the FAA for the NVS program.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Federal Aviation Administration.


title: Uskoplje, Ravno

abstract: Uskoplje is a village in the municipality of Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Uskoplje, Ravno

**Uskoplje** is a village in the municipality of Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 169.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Croats | 88 | 52.1% |
| Serbs | 74 | 43.8% |
| Bosniaks | 7 | 4.1% |
| **Total** | **169** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Uskoplje | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Uskoplje | |
| Coordinates: 42°40′23″N 18°09′25″E / 42.6731908°N 18.1570546°E / 42.6731908; 18.1570546 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Herzegovina-Neretva |
| Municipality | Ravno |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.00 sq mi (7.78 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 169 |
| Density | 56/sq mi (22/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Onslunda

abstract: Onslunda is a locality situated in Tomelilla Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 490 inhabitants in 2010. It lies around 10 km north-east of Tomelilla.

text:
# Onslunda

**Onslunda** is a locality situated in Tomelilla Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 490 inhabitants in 2010. It lies around 10 km north-east of Tomelilla.

## Population

Population of Onslunda 1950 - 2015
| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1950 | 541 |
| 1955 | 522 |
| 1960 | 483 |
| 1965 | 453 |
| 1970 | 435 |
| 1975 | 388 |
| 1980 | 379 |
| 1985 | 377 |
| 1990 | 375 |
| 1995 | 398 |
| 2000 | 418 |
| 2015 | 453 |

## InfoBox

| Onslunda | |
| --- | --- |
| Onslunda Church | |
| OnslundaOnslunda | |
| Coordinates: 55°36′N 14°03′E / 55.600°N 14.050°E / 55.600; 14.050 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Skåne |
| County | Skåne County |
| Municipality | Tomelilla Municipality |
| Area | |
| Land | 19.7 km2 (7.6 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 107 m (351 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 490 |
| Density | 983/km2 (2,550/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| GeoName | GeoName |