title: Megascolia azurea

abstract: Megacolia azurea is a species of scoliid wasp found in parts of tropical Asia. These are among the largest wasps and several subspecies have been described. Their larvae are parasitoids mainly of Scarabeoid larvae. It is a member of the subgenus Megascolia (Regiscolia).

text:
# Megascolia azurea

***Megacolia azurea*** is a species of scoliid wasp found in parts of tropical Asia. These are among the largest wasps and several subspecies have been described. Their larvae are parasitoids mainly of Scarabeoid larvae. It is a member of the subgenus *Megascolia (Regiscolia)*.

## Subspecies

There are 6 subspecies of *Megascolia azurea*:

* *Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea azurea* (Christ, 1791)
* *Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea christiana* (Betrem & Guiglia, 1958)
* *Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea cochinensis* (Betrem, 1928)
* *Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea hindostana* (Micha, 1927)
* *Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea michaae* (Betrem, 1928)
* *Megascolia (Regiscolia) azurea siamensis* (Betrem, 1928)

## InfoBox

| *Megascolia azurea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Megacolia azurea hindostana* from Kerala, India | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Scoliidae |
| Genus: | *Megascolia* |
| Species: | ***M. azurea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megascolia azurea***<br>(Christ, 1791) | |
|


title: Fyé

abstract: Fyé is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France.

text:
# Fyé

**Fyé** (French pronunciation: \[fje\]) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 776 |  |
| 1975 | 831 | +0.98% |
| 1982 | 836 | +0.09% |
| 1990 | 802 | −0.52% |
| 1999 | 863 | +0.82% |
| 2007 | 1,007 | +1.95% |
| 2012 | 1,010 | +0.06% |
| 2017 | 992 | −0.36% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Fyé | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A view of the village from the north | |
|  | |
| Location of Fyé | |
| FyéFyé | |
| Coordinates: 48°19′36″N 0°04′44″E / 48.3267°N 0.0789°E / 48.3267; 0.0789 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Sarthe |
| Arrondissement | Mamers |
| Canton | Sillé-le-Guillaume |
| Intercommunality | Haute Sarthe Alpes Mancelles |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-Pierre Frimont |
| Area**1** | 16.40 km2 (6.33 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 982 |
| Density | 60/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Flacuméens ou Fiétuméens |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 72139 /72610 |
| Elevation | 73–152 m (240–499 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Fábio (footballer, born 1978)

abstract: Fábio Gonçalves dos Santos, commonly known as Fábio is a Brazilian football goalkeeper, who last played for Botafogo-SP.

text:
# Fábio (footballer, born 1978)

**Fábio Gonçalves dos Santos**, commonly known as ***Fábio*** (born 19 September 1978 in São José dos Campos, Brazil) is a Brazilian football goalkeeper, who last played for Botafogo-SP.

## Career

He was second choice behind fellow Brazilian Marcos after signing for Marítimo in 2006 from ADAP. Goiás officially signed the former Portuguesa's goalkeeper on 12 May 2010.

## InfoBox

Fábio
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Fábio Gonçalves dos Santos | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-09-19) 19 September 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | São José dos Campos, Brazil | | |
| Height | 2.00 m (6 ft 6+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2003 | Osasco | | |
| 2003 | Inter Limeira | | |
| 2004 | Mogi Mirim | | |
| 2005 | ADAP | | |
| 2005 | Mogi Mirim | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006 | ADAP | 29 | (0) |
| 2006–2008 | Marítimo | 2 | (0) |
| 2008–2010 | Americana Futebol | 7 | (0) |
| 2008 | Ponte Preta (loan) |  |  |
| 2009–2010 | Portuguesa (loan) | 18 | (0) |
| 2010 | Goiás (loan) | 3 | (0) |
| 2011 | Oeste | 0 | (0) |
| 2011 | Criciúma | 0 | (0) |
| 2011– | São Caetano | 3 | (0) |
| 2013 | Botafogo-SP (loan) |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Megastomia zijpi

abstract: Megastomia zijpi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Megastomia zijpi

***Megastomia zijpi*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 1.8 mm and 2.1 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Mauritania.

## InfoBox

| *Megastomia zijpi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Megastomia* |
| Species: | ***M. zijpi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megastomia zijpi***<br>(van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 1998) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Odostomia (Megastomia) zijpi* van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 1998 | |


title: Todd Butler

abstract: Todd Butler is an American college baseball coach and former player. He played college baseball at McNeese State University from 1985 to 1986 before transferring to the University of Oklahoma in 1987 and 1988. He spent three years as the head coach at McNeese State from 2001 to 2003 and was the head coach of the Wichita State University from 2014 to 2019. Butler spent 16 seasons as an assistant coach in the Southeastern Conference under legendary Alabama coach Jim Wells and Arkansas coach Dave Van Horn. He is known around the country for his ability to attract the best talent and develop strong hitters. During Butler's 23-year career as an NCAA Division I assistant or head coach, he has helped his teams to five College World Series appearances, 17 NCAA regionals, four NCAA super regionals, six conference tournament championships and his teams have been ranked No. 1 five times in his career. In addition, Butler has coached 32 All-Americans and Freshman All-Americans, 150 players drafted in the MLB Draft and 27 Major League players.

text:
# Todd Butler

**Todd Butler** is an American college baseball coach and former player. He played college baseball at McNeese State University from 1985 to 1986 before transferring to the University of Oklahoma in 1987 and 1988. He spent three years as the head coach at McNeese State from 2001 to 2003 and was the head coach of the Wichita State University from 2014 to 2019. Butler spent 16 seasons as an assistant coach in the Southeastern Conference under legendary Alabama coach Jim Wells and Arkansas coach Dave Van Horn.

He is known around the country for his ability to attract the best talent and develop strong hitters. During Butler's 23-year career as an NCAA Division I assistant or head coach, he has helped his teams to five College World Series appearances, 17 NCAA regionals, four NCAA super regionals, six conference tournament championships and his teams have been ranked No. 1 five times in his career. In addition, Butler has coached 32 All-Americans and Freshman All-Americans, 150 players drafted in the MLB Draft and 27 Major League players.

## Playing career

Butler played for McNeese State and Oklahoma. In 1986, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was a captain with the Sooners in his senior year of 1988, and was named a third-team All-American and earned All-Big 8 honors. He signed with the Cleveland Indians as an undrafted free agent, and played the remainder of the 1988 season with Indians affiliates in Burlington, N.C. and Waterloo, Iowa.

## Coaching career

Butler returned to McNeese State to complete his degree, and served as a student assistant in 1991. He then worked one season at Blinn before returning as a full-time assistant at McNeese State for two years. Butler then served six seasons at Alabama. Butler served as the hitting instructor and outfielders coach during his first stint with the Crimson Tide from 1995 to 2000. He helped guide Alabama to six NCAA Regional appearances as well as three trips to the College World Series in 1996, 1997 (national runner-up) and 1999 (Final Four). The 1997 team was the national runner-up. The Tide advanced to the SEC Tournament in all six of those seasons, claiming the SEC Tournament title in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1999.

Butler served as the hitting instructor and outfielders coach during those first six years, as well as being one of the chief recruiters. Butler earned his reputation as one of the country's top recruiters during those first six years at Alabama. He helped the Crimson Tide land some of the nation's top talent as Alabama recorded three-consecutive top-10 recruiting classes. The Tide's 1999 freshman class was ranked as the fourth-best in the country and still ranks as the highest ranked class in school history.

In 2001, Butler took over as head coach at McNeese State in his hometown of Lake Charles, La., where he compiled a 90–83 (.520) overall record in three seasons. In his last season at McNeese, he guided the Cowboys to the 2003 Southland Conference Tournament championship, their first in 10 years.

The win at the conference tournament secured just the fourth NCAA Regional bid in McNeese State's history and the Cowboys were sent to the Houston Regional at Rice's Reckling Park. Butler's team gave eventual national champion Rice all they could handle before falling to the Owls, 3–2, in 10 innings. Ole Miss eliminated the Cowboys from the 64-team field the following day.

While at McNeese State, Butler signed Clay Buccholz (Boston Red Sox) and coached Wade LeBlanc (Miami Marlins) and Jacob Marceaux (first rounder for the Miami Marlins). After three seasons, he returned to Alabama as recruiting coordinator, where he remained for two seasons before accepting the same position at Arkansas.

During his eight seasons at Arkansas, Butler led the Razorbacks to two College World Series appearances (2009 Final Four, 2012 Final Four), eight NCAA regional berths, three NCAA super regional appearances, and two SEC Western Division titles. He also built five top-10 recruiting classes and saw 51 players selected in the MLB Draft, including 12 in the first two rounds. Under Butler, six players earned All-American honors—Nick Schmidt, Jess Todd, Zack Cox, Brett Eibner, Matt Reynolds, and Ryne Stanek. Additionally, 51 of his players were drafted, with nine reaching the Major Leagues: Craig Gentry, Blake Parker, Duke Welker, Jess Todd, Logan Forsythe, Dallas Keuchel, Drew Smyly, James McCann, and Andy Wilkins.

On June 16, 2013, Butler was introduced as head coach at Wichita State, succeeding the legendary Gene Stephenson.

On May 26, 2019, Butler was fired from Wichita State.

After a single season as the recruiting coordinator at Missouri, Butler was relieved of his duties.

## Head coaching record

The following table depicts Butler's record as a head coach at the Division I level.

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **McNeese State Cowboys**  *(Southland Conference)* (2001–2003) | | | | | | | | |
| 2001 | McNeese State | 29–25 | 12–15 | 7th |  |
| 2002 | McNeese State | 30–28 | 15–12 | 5th |  |
| 2003 | McNeese State | 31–30 | 12–15 | 6th | NCAA Regional |
| **McNeese State:** | | 90–83 (.520) | 39–42 (.481) |  | | | | |
| **Wichita State Shockers**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (2014–2017) | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | Wichita State | 31–28 | 13–8 | 4th | MVC tournament |
| 2015 | Wichita State | 26–33 | 10–11 | T–3rd | MVC tournament |
| 2016 | Wichita State | 21–37 | 9–12 | T–5th | MVC tournament |
| 2017 | Wichita State | 28–30 | 10–11 | 5th | MVC tournament |
| **Wichita State Shockers**  *(American Athletic Conference)* (2018–2019) | | | | | | | | |
| 2018 | Wichita State | 35–21–1 | 9–14–1 | 7th | The American tournament |
| 2019 | Wichita State | 28–31 | 9–15 | 8th | The American tournament |
| **Wichita State:** | | 169–180–1 (.484) | 60–71–1 (.458) |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 259–263 (.496) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## Admin career

In June, 2020, Butler returned to McNeese State as the Senior Associate Athletic Director.

## InfoBox

Todd Butler
| Current position | |
| --- | --- |
| Title | Senior Associate Athletics Director |
| Team | McNeese State |
| Conference | Southland |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1966-07-23) July 23, 1966
Alexandria, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1985–1986 | McNeese State |
| 1987–1988 | Oklahoma |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1991 | McNeese State (asst.) |
| 1992 | Blinn (asst.) |
| 1993–1994 | McNeese State (Asst.) |
| 1995–2000 | Alabama (H/OF) |
| 2001–2003 | McNeese State |
| 2004–2005 | Alabama (RC/H/INF) |
| 2006–2013 | Arkansas (asst.) |
| 2014–2019 | Wichita State |
| 2020 | Missouri (RC) |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 2021 | McNeese State (SAAD) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 259–263 |
| Tournaments | NCAA: 0–2 |
|  | |


title: Timothy Trainor

abstract: Timothy Edgar Trainor was the President of Mount St. Mary's University from 2016 to 2024. Previously, Trainor was a United States Army brigadier general where he served as the 13th Dean of the United States Military Academy.

text:
# Timothy Trainor

**Timothy Edgar Trainor** (born January 25, 1961) was the President of Mount St. Mary's University from 2016 to 2024. Previously, Trainor was a United States Army brigadier general where he served as the 13th Dean of the United States Military Academy.

## Early life and education

Born in the state of New York, Trainor graduated from West Point with a B.S. degree in 1983. He later earned an M.B.A. degree from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. Trainor completed a Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering at North Carolina State University in 2001. His doctoral thesis was entitled *Scheduling military deployments* and his advisors were Thom J. Hodgson and Russell E. King.

## Military career

Upon graduation from West Point, Trainor was commissioned as an engineering officer. While on active duty Trainor served in a variety positions including in Germany, Honduras, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Fort Riley, Kansas and Sarajevo, Bosnia.

## US Military Academy

Trainor's prior duties at the U.S. Military Academy included the director of the Engineering Management program and head of the Department of Systems Engineering. In the summer of 2010, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced that President Barack Obama had nominated Trainor to become the next Dean. As Dean, Trainor oversaw over 800 faculty and staff across 13 departments and 23 research centers.

## Mount St. Mary's University

In the summer of 2016 Trainor was selected as Mount St. Mary's University's 26th interim president for a year and then permanently retained the position. During Trainor's leadership thus far, he has increased enrollment, championed three new academic programs, a variety of new academic leadership moves, an agreement with the local Frederick Community College, and secured a $1 million donation to create the Palmieri Center for Entrepreneurship.

## Personal life

Trainor is married to his West Point classmate, Colonel (retired) Donna Marie Brazil and they have three children.

## InfoBox

| Timothy E. Trainor | |
| --- | --- |
| Timothy Trainor as an Army brigadier general | |
|  | |
| 26th President of Mount St. Mary's University | |
| **In office**
August 15, 2016  June 30, 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Simon Newman |
| Succeeded by | Gerard J. Joyce |
| 13th Dean of United States Military Academy | |
| **In office**
July 1, 2010  June 23, 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Patrick Finnegan |
| Succeeded by | Cindy Jebb |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-01-25) January 25, 1961
New York, U.S. |
| Education | U.S. Military Academy (BS)
Duke University (MBA)
North Carolina State University (PhD) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1983–2016 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Commands | Dean of the United States Military Academy (2010–2016) |
|  | |


title: Meginhard I, Count of Sponheim

abstract: Meginhard I was a member of the House of Sponheim, succeeding his father, Stephan II, Count of Sponheim. His mother was probably Sophia of Formbach. His son was Gottfried I, Count of Sponheim.

text:
# Meginhard I, Count of Sponheim

**Meginhard I** (c. 1085-c. 1135) was a member of the House of Sponheim, succeeding his father, Stephan II, Count of Sponheim. His mother was probably Sophia of Formbach. His son was Gottfried I, Count of Sponheim.

* E. Hlawitschka, 'Die 'Verwandtenehe' des Gegenkönigs Hermann von Salm und seiner Frau Sophie. Ein Beitrag zu den Familienbeziehungen der rheinischen Ezzonen/Hezeliniden und des Grafenhauses von Formbach/Vormbach,' in *Festschrift für Andreas Kraus zum 80. Geburtstag. Schriftenreihe zur bayerischen Landesgeschichte, Band 140*, (Verlag C.H. Beck München 2002).
* J. Mötsch, ‘Genealogie der Grafen von Sponheim,’ *Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte* 13 (1987), 63-179.


title: Megingoz of Guelders

abstract:
Megingoz was of unknown origin. At the end of the 10th century, he played a part in the history of what later came to be known as the county of Guelders. He is also named as Count of Avalgau. He married Gerberga of Lorraine. She was a daughter of Godfrey, Count Palatine of Lotharingia from the family of Matfrieden, and Ermentrude, possibly the oldest daughter of King Charles the Simple. They had the following children:
  - Godfrey, killed at a young age in a campaign against Bohemia
  - Irmtrud of Avalgau, who married Herbert of Wetterau
  - Adelaide, Abbess of Vilich
  - Alberada
  - Bertada, abbess in Cologne.

text:
# Megingoz of Guelders

**Megingoz** (c. 920  998/1001) (nicknamed the Brown) was of unknown origin. At the end of the 10th century, he played a part in the history of what later came to be known as the county of Guelders. He is also named as Count of Avalgau.

He married Gerberga of Lorraine. She was a daughter of Godfrey, Count Palatine of Lotharingia from the family of Matfrieden, and Ermentrude, possibly the oldest daughter of King Charles the Simple. They had the following children:


title: Meginnis and Schaumberg

abstract: Meginnis and Schaumberg was an architectural firm in Lincoln, Nebraska. The firm lasted from 1925 until 1943 when partner Harry Meginnis died. The firm designed several buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places and three buildings on University of Nebraska's East Campus as well as the Mueller Tower on its City Campus.

text:
# Meginnis and Schaumberg

**Meginnis and Schaumberg** was an architectural firm in Lincoln, Nebraska. The firm lasted from 1925 until 1943 when partner **Harry Meginnis** died. The firm designed several buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places and three buildings on University of Nebraska's East Campus as well as the Mueller Tower on its City Campus.

## History

Meginnis trained in his father's construction business and then worked for Dieman & Fiske with Ferdinand C. Fiske in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Fiske hired Meginnis as a draftsman in his Lincoln office from 1901 until 1907. In 1907 Meginnis moved to Indianapolis and worked at various firms over several years including DuPont & Hunter (1907-1909); H.L. Bass Co. (1909-1914); and Broakie & Meginnis (1914-1915).

The partnership of Fiske and Meginnis was established in 1915 and designed several buildings in Lincoln including several schools including: Prescott, Irving, Whittier, Clinton, and Elliot.

Edward G. Schaumberg joined the firm as a partner in 1924 and it became Fiske, Meginnis, & Schaumberg in 1925. By 1926 the firm became Meginnis and Schaumberg.

## Work


title: Medium access control

abstract: In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the medium access control (MAC), also called media access control, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired or wireless transmission medium. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the data link layer. The LLC provides flow control and multiplexing for the logical link, while the MAC provides flow control and multiplexing for the transmission medium. These two sublayers together correspond to layer 2 of the OSI model. For compatibility reasons, LLC is optional for implementations of IEEE 802.3, but compulsory for implementations of other IEEE 802 physical layer standards. Within the hierarchy of the OSI model and IEEE 802 standards, the MAC sublayer provides a control abstraction of the physical layer such that the complexities of physical link control are invisible to the LLC and upper layers of the network stack. Thus any LLC sublayer may be used with any MAC. In turn, the medium access control block is formally connected to the PHY via a media-independent interface. Although the MAC block is today typically integrated with the PHY within the same device package, historically any MAC could be used with any PHY, independent of the transmission medium. When sending data to another device on the network, the MAC sublayer encapsulates higher-level frames into frames appropriate for the transmission medium, adds a frame check sequence to identify transmission errors, and then forwards the data to the physical layer as soon as the appropriate channel access method permits it. For topologies with a collision domain, controlling when data is sent and when to wait is necessary to avoid collisions. Additionally, the MAC is also responsible for compensating for collisions by initiating retransmission if a jam signal is detected. When receiving data from the physical layer, the MAC block ensures data integrity by verifying the sender's frame check sequences, and strips off the sender's preamble and padding before passing the data up to the higher layers.

text:
# Medium access control

In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the **medium access control** (**MAC**), also called **media access control**, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired (electrical or optical) or wireless transmission medium. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the data link layer. The LLC provides flow control and multiplexing for the logical link (i.e. EtherType, 802.1Q VLAN tag etc), while the MAC provides flow control and multiplexing for the transmission medium.

These two sublayers together correspond to layer 2 of the OSI model. For compatibility reasons, LLC is optional for implementations of IEEE 802.3 (the frames are then "raw"), but compulsory for implementations of other IEEE 802 physical layer standards. Within the hierarchy of the OSI model and IEEE 802 standards, the MAC sublayer provides a control abstraction of the physical layer such that the complexities of physical link control are invisible to the LLC and upper layers of the network stack. Thus any LLC sublayer (and higher layers) may be used with any MAC. In turn, the medium access control block is formally connected to the PHY via a media-independent interface. Although the MAC block is today typically integrated with the PHY within the same device package, historically any MAC could be used with any PHY, independent of the transmission medium.

When sending data to another device on the network, the MAC sublayer encapsulates higher-level frames into frames appropriate for the transmission medium (i.e. the MAC adds a syncword preamble and also padding if necessary), adds a frame check sequence to identify transmission errors, and then forwards the data to the physical layer as soon as the appropriate channel access method permits it. For topologies with a collision domain (bus, ring, mesh, point-to-multipoint topologies), controlling when data is sent and when to wait is necessary to avoid collisions. Additionally, the MAC is also responsible for compensating for collisions by initiating retransmission if a jam signal is detected. When receiving data from the physical layer, the MAC block ensures data integrity by verifying the sender's frame check sequences, and strips off the sender's preamble and padding before passing the data up to the higher layers.

## Functions performed in the MAC sublayer

According to IEEE Std 802-2001 section 6.2.3 "MAC sublayer", the primary functions performed by the MAC layer are:

* Frame delimiting and recognition
* Addressing of destination stations (both as individual stations and as groups of stations)
* Conveyance of source-station addressing information
* Transparent data transfer of LLC PDUs, or of equivalent information in the Ethernet sublayer
* Protection against errors, generally by means of generating and checking frame check sequences
* Control of access to the physical transmission medium

In the case of Ethernet, the functions required of a MAC are:

* receive/transmit normal frames
* half-duplex retransmission and backoff functions
* append/check FCS (frame check sequence)
* interframe gap enforcement
* discard malformed frames
* prepend(tx)/remove(rx) preamble, SFD (start frame delimiter), and padding
* half-duplex compatibility: append(tx)/remove(rx) MAC address

## Addressing mechanism

The local network addresses used in IEEE 802 networks and FDDI networks are called *MAC addresses*; they are based on the addressing scheme that was used in early Ethernet implementations. A MAC address is intended as a unique serial number. MAC addresses are typically assigned to network interface hardware at the time of manufacture. The most significant part of the address identifies the manufacturer, who assigns the remainder of the address, thus providing a potentially unique address. This makes it possible for frames to be delivered on a network link that interconnects hosts by some combination of repeaters, hubs, bridges and switches, but not by network layer routers. Thus, for example, when an IP packet reaches its destination (sub)network, the destination IP address (a layer 3 or network layer concept) is resolved with the Address Resolution Protocol for IPv4, or by Neighbor Discovery Protocol (IPv6) into the MAC address (a layer 2 concept) of the destination host.

Examples of physical networks are Ethernet networks and Wi-Fi networks, both of which are IEEE 802 networks and use IEEE 802 48-bit MAC addresses.

A MAC layer is not required in full-duplex point-to-point communication, but address fields are included in some point-to-point protocols for compatibility reasons.

## Channel access control mechanism

The channel access control mechanisms provided by the MAC layer are also known as a multiple access method. This makes it possible for several stations connected to the same physical medium to share it. Examples of shared physical media are bus networks, ring networks, hub networks, wireless networks and half-duplex point-to-point links. The multiple access method may detect or avoid data packet collisions if a packet mode contention based channel access method is used, or reserve resources to establish a logical channel if a circuit-switched or channelization-based channel access method is used. The channel access control mechanism relies on a physical layer multiplex scheme.

The most widespread multiple access method is the contention-based CSMA/CD used in Ethernet networks. This mechanism is only utilized within a network collision domain, for example, an Ethernet bus network or a hub-based star topology network. An Ethernet network may be divided into several collision domains, interconnected by bridges and switches.

A multiple access method is not required in a switched full-duplex network, such as today's switched Ethernet networks, but is often available in the equipment for compatibility reasons.

### Channel access control mechanism for concurrent transmission

Use of directional antennas and millimeter-wave communication in a wireless personal area network increases the probability of concurrent scheduling of non‐interfering transmissions in a localized area, which results in an immense increase in network throughput. However, the optimum scheduling of concurrent transmission is an NP-hard problem.

## Cellular networks

Cellular networks, such as GSM, UMTS or LTE networks, also use a MAC layer. The MAC protocol in cellular networks is designed to maximize the utilization of the expensive licensed spectrum. The air interface of a cellular network is at layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model; at layer 2, it is divided into multiple protocol layers. In UMTS and LTE, those protocols are the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), the Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol, and the MAC protocol. The base station has absolute control over the air interface and schedules the downlink access as well as the uplink access of all devices. The MAC protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.321 for UMTS, TS 36.321 for LTE and TS 38.321 for 5G.


title: Melanomyza manuleata

abstract: Melanomyza manuleata is a species of fly in the family Lauxaniidae.

text:
# Melanomyza manuleata

***Melanomyza manuleata*** is a species of fly in the family Lauxaniidae.

## InfoBox

| *Melanomyza manuleata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Lauxaniidae |
| Genus: | *Melanomyza* |
| Species: | ***M. manuleata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanomyza manuleata***<br>(Loew, 1861) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lauxania manuleata*  Loew, 1861 | |


title: Megachile esakii

abstract: Megachile esakii is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Yasumatsu in 1935.

text:
# Megachile esakii

***Megachile esakii*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Yasumatsu in 1935.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile esakii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. esakii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile esakii***<br>Yasumatsu, 1935 | |
|


title: Megachile eulaliae

abstract: Megachile eulaliae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1917.

text:
# Megachile eulaliae

***Megachile eulaliae*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1917.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile eulaliae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. eulaliae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile eulaliae***<br>Cockerell, 1917 | |
|


title: Melbourne International Film Festival

abstract: The Melbourne International Film Festival (MIFF) is an annual film festival held over three weeks in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was founded in 1952 and is one of the oldest film festivals in the world following the founding of the Venice Film Festival in 1932, Cannes Film Festival in 1939 and Berlin Film Festival in 1951. Currently held in the month of August from 8th to 25th in 2024 and spanning events in the Melbourne CBD as well as inner-suburban and regional Victoria, MIFF screens films from both Australia and across the world to an audience of approximately 150,000. It is the largest film festival in both Australia and the Southern Hemisphere, and is the world’s largest showcase of new Australian cinema. The 2022 festival contributed A$9.7 million to the City of Melbourne’s economy. Alongside its expansive and well-received film program, MIFF realizes its vision, “An enlightened, inclusive, engaged society through film”, via its renowned industry programs, its skill-building initiatives for youth, and the MIFF Awards that recognize both short- and longform filmmaking talent.

text:
# Melbourne International Film Festival

The **Melbourne International Film Festival** (**MIFF**) is an annual film festival held over three weeks in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was founded in 1952 and is one of the oldest film festivals in the world following the founding of the Venice Film Festival in 1932, Cannes Film Festival in 1939 and Berlin Film Festival in 1951.

Currently held in the month of August from 8th to 25th in 2024 and spanning events in the Melbourne CBD as well as inner-suburban and regional Victoria, MIFF screens films from both Australia and across the world to an audience of approximately 150,000. It is the largest film festival in both Australia and the Southern Hemisphere, and is the world’s largest showcase of new Australian cinema. The 2022 festival contributed A$9.7 million to the City of Melbourne’s economy.

Alongside its expansive and well-received film program, MIFF realizes its vision, “An enlightened, inclusive, engaged society through film”, via its renowned industry programs (the co-financing fund Premiere Fund, the talent incubator program Accelerator Lab and the film-financing market 37°South), its skill-building initiatives for youth (MIFF Schools and Critics Campus), and the MIFF Awards that recognize both short- and longform filmmaking talent.

## History

MIFF was originally launched as the Olinda Film Festival in 1952 after a group of delegates to the 1951 Australian Council of Film Societies suggested that a film event be established in the eponymous tourist town. It was renamed the Melbourne Film Festival in 1953 and held this title over many decades before transforming into the Melbourne International Film Festival. Appointed in 1956, Erwin Rado was the festival’s first director, holding the role until 1979 and returning for a single-year stint in 1983; the *Australian Dictionary of Biography* notes that he shaped the film event’s character with his “uncompromising drive for excellence”.

Following Rado, the festival was headed up by Geoffrey Gardner (1980–1982), Paul Seto (1984), Paul Coulter (1985), Santina Musumeci (1986–1987), Tait Brady (1988–1996), Sandra Sdraulig (1997–2000), James Hewison (2001–2006), Richard Moore (2007–2010), Michelle Carey (2011–2018) and current artistic director Al Cossar (2019–present).

## Film program

MIFF’s annual program boasts around 300 titles spanning feature films, short films and XR (virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality), alongside a suite of galas, special events, activations and talks. In 2022, the festival screened 260 features, 111 shorts, 12 XR works, and 10 galas and special events, representing 82 countries of origin and 75 languages.

## Film competitions

MIFF’s short film competition, established in 1962, is accredited by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts. Its inaugural award was ‘Best Short Film’, but the title was changed to ‘Grand Prix for Best Short Film’ in 1965. Since 1985, the Grand Prix has been presented by the City of Melbourne.

In 2022, this was complemented by a feature-length competition for first- and second-time directors, the Bright Horizons Award (presented by VicScreen), whose winner receives a A$140,000 prize; as well as the Blackmagic Design Australian Innovation Award, which recognizes an outstanding Australian creative with a A$70,000 cash prize. As of 2023, the MIFF Awards slate has been expanded to also include the First Nations Film Creative Award, which recognizes an outstanding Indigenous Australian creative with a prize worth $45,000; the Audience Award, as decided by public voting; and the MIFF Schools Youth Jury Award, crowning the best title from the student-focused MIFF Schools program.

### Feature film awards

* Bright Horizons Award
* Blackmagic Design Australian Innovation Award
* First Nations Film Creative Award
* Audience Award
* MIFF Schools Youth Jury Award

### Short film awards

In 2023 Campari was the Shorts Awards Presenting Partner, and the Venue Partner ACMI. The Shorts Awards are all accredited by Academy Awards, and the 2023 winners of the Best Short Film, Best Australian Short Film, Best Documentary Short Film, and Best Animation Short Film awards were eligible to submit their films for the 96th Academy Awards in 2024. The MIFF Shorts program is also BAFTA-Qualifying; any British film screened in the 2023 festival was eligible for entry in the British Short Film and British Short Animation categories of the 2024 BAFTA Film Awards. The 2023 awards were as follows:

* City of Melbourne Grand Prix for Best Short Film
* VicScreen Erwin Rado Award for Best Australian Short Film
* Award for Emerging Australian Filmmaker
* Award for Best Fiction Short Film
* Award for Best Documentary Short Film
* Award for Best Animation Short Film
* Award for Best Experimental Short Film

As of 2019 awards for short films were:

* City of Melbourne Grand Prix for Best Short Film – $7,000 cash prize (Academy-accredited Award)
* Melbourne Airport Award for Emerging Australian Filmmaker – $5,000 cash prize + airfare to Berlinale
* Film Victoria Erwin Rado Award for Best Australian Short Film – $5,000 cash prize
* Cinema Nova Award for Best Fiction Short Film – $3,000 cash prize (Academy-accredited Award)
* RMIT University Award for Best Animation Short Film – $3,000 cash prize (Academy-accredited Award)
* RMIT University Award for Best Documentary Short Film – $3,000 cash prize
* MIFF Award for Best Experimental Short Film – $3,000 cash prize (Academy-accredited Award)

### Winners of Grand Prix for Best Short Film

| Year | Film | Director | Country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1965 | *La gazza ladra* | Giulio Giannini, Emanuele Luzzati | Italy |
| 1966 | *The Inheritance* | Harold Mayer | United States |
| 1967 | *Petrol-Carburant-Kraftstoff* | Hugo Niebeling | West Germany |
| 1968 | *You're Human Like the Rest of Them* | B. S. Johnson | UK |
| 1969 | *Pas de deux* | Norman McLaren | Canada |
| 1970 | *Calcutta* | Louis Malle | France |
| 1971 | *Blake* | Bill Mason | Canada |
| 1972 | *Scarabus* | Gérald Frydman | Belgium |
| 1973 | *Street Musique* | Ryan Larkin | Canada |
| 1974 | *Edward Burra* | Peter K. Smith | UK |
| 1975 | *Last Grave at Dimbaza* | Nana Mahamo | South Africa |
| 1976 | *Leisure* | Bruce Petty | Australia |
| 1977 | *Corralejas de Sincelejo* | Mario Mitrotti | Colombia |
| 1978 | *Manimals* | Robin Lehman | United States |
| 1979 | *Malj* | Aleksandar Ilic | Yugoslavia |
| 1980 | *Interview* | Caroline Leaf | Canada |
| 1981 | *New York Story* | Jackie Raynal | United States |
| 1982 | *Shadows* | Royden Irvine | Australia |
| 1983 | *Douglas Mawson: The Survivor* | David Parer | Australia |
| 1984 | *Aquí se lo halla* | Lee Sokol | United States |
| 1985 | *In Heaven There Is No Beer?* | Les Blank | United States |
| 1986 | *My Life Without Steve* | Gillian Leahy | Australia |
| 1987 | *Panya shugeki* | Naoto Yamakawa | Japan |
| 1988 | *The Critical Years* | Gerald L'Ecuyer | Canada/United States |
| 1989 | *Twilight City* | Reece Auguiste | UK |
| 1990 | *Swimming* | Belinda Chayko | Australia |
| 1991 | *Sink or Swim* | Su Friedrich | United States |
| 1992 | *The Writing in the Sand* | Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen | UK |
| 1993 | *Lektionen in Finsternis* | Werner Herzog | Germany |
| 1994 | *Only the Brave* | Ana Kokkinos | Australia |
| 1995 | *Twilight* | Tengai Amano | Japan |
| 1996 | *Baka* | Thierry Knauff | Belgium |
| 1997 | *At Sea* | Penny Fowler-Smith | Australia |
| 1998 | *The Storekeeper* | Gavin Hood | South Africa |
| 1999 | *So-poong* | Song Il-gon | South Korea |
| 2000 | *Wildlife* | Kate de Pury | UK |
| 2001 | *Muakah* | Hadar Friedlich | Israel |
| 2002 | *Palace II* | Kátia Lund, Fernando Meirelles | Brazil |
| 2003 | *Destino* | Dominique Monfery | France |
| 2004 | *Talking with Angels* | Yousaf Ali Khan | UK |
| 2005 | *Silent Companion* | Elham Hosseinzadeh | Iran |
| 2006 | *Avatar* | Lluis Quilez | Spain |
| 2007 | *Blood Sisters* | Louise N.D. Friedberg | Denmark |
| 2008 | *Dennis* | Mads Matthiesen | Denmark |
| 2009 | *Next Floor* | Denis Villeneuve, Phoebe Greenberg | Canada |
| 2010 | *The Lost Thing* | Shaun Tan, Andrew Ruhemann | Australia |
| 2011 | *A Fine Young Man* | Kevan Funk | Canada |
| 2012 | *It’s Not A Cowboy Movie* | Benjamin Parent | France |
| 2013 | *Pandas* | Matúš Vizár | Czech Republic |
| 2014 | *The Queen* | Benjamin Parent | Argentina |
| 2015 | *Everything Will Be OK* | Patrick Vollrath | Germany |
| 2016 | *Mrs Metro* | Aggelos Papantoniou | Australia |
|

## Controversies

### Breakaway film festival (2000)

In 2000, MIFF's rejection of a feature film written and directed by Richard Wolstencroft led him to form the Melbourne Underground Film Festival (MUFF). In subsequent years, MUFF has attracted controversy by criticising the content of MIFF, as well as its management, specifically the leadership of former directors. MUFF sees itself as a space for exciting and edgy Australian cinema that may not be played at MIFF.

### *Looking for Eric* (2009)

In June 2009, Ken Loach, Paul Laverty (writer) and Rebecca O'Brien (producer) pulled their film *Looking for Eric* from the festival because the Israeli Embassy was a sponsor and the festival declined to withdraw their sponsorship. Moore compared Loach's tactics to blackmail, stating that "we will not participate in a boycott against the State of Israel, just as we would not contemplate boycotting films from China or other nations involved in difficult long-standing historical disputes".

### Uyghur film (2009)

During the 58th festival in 2009, the film *The 10 Conditions of Love* (2009), which documents the life of the exiled Uyghur leader Rebiya Kadeer, was screened despite many attempts by the Government of China to have the film withdrawn from the festival. Chinese filmmakers withdrew their films from the festival two days before it opened on 24 July 2009. Former MIFF director Richard Moore refused to remove the film from the festival program, despite the hacking of the festival website and attempts to hack its online ticketing system from IP addresses of Chinese origin. Later, both pro-Chinese and pro-Uyghur activists attempted to disrupt ticketing due to the media coverage. The Chinese Government contacted Robert Doyle, the Lord Mayor of Melbourne asking him to intervene, but he refused. Australia's Ambassador to China Geoff Raby was summoned by China's Deputy Foreign Minister Zhang Zhijun to express displeasure about Kadeer's attendance at MIFF.

Victoria Police was placed on alert during the screening of the film and Pro-Uighur demonstrators also gathered outside the Melbourne Town Hall, and the Dalai Lama sent a message of support via Michael Danby, the MP for Melbourne Ports:

## InfoBox

Melbourne International Film Festival
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Founded | 1952 |
| Artistic director | Al Cossar |
| No. of films | 300 (approx.) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Megachile rubricata

abstract: Megachile rubricata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853.

text:
# Megachile rubricata

***Megachile rubricata*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile rubricata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. rubricata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile rubricata***<br>Smith, 1853 | |
|


title: Melendiz River

abstract: The Melendiz River, is a stream forming the Ihlara Valley in the territory of the Aksaray Province, Turkey. In ancient times, its name was Potamus Kapadukus. It arises from Melendiz Mountain, passes through Ihlara Valley and Aksaray city center and empties into Tuz Lake. It is formed by the merging of springs and streams from the skirts of Melendiz Mountain. The catchment area (basin) is 565.2 km². The annual average flow in Selime Village is 72.99 hm³. The flow decreases in summer and increases with spring rains. Since it is fed from sources, it does not dry completely in summer. Its length is 60 km. The flow coefficient is 0.141. In the permeable terrain with Tuff, the majority of precipitation does not appear to run off.

text:
# Melendiz River

The **Melendiz River** (Turkish: *Uluırmak* ), is a stream forming the Ihlara Valley in the territory of the Aksaray Province, Turkey. In ancient times, its name was **Potamus Kapadukus** (Cappadocia River). It arises from Melendiz Mountain (Mt. Melendós in antiquity), passes through Ihlara Valley and Aksaray city center and empties into Tuz Lake.

It is formed by the merging of springs and streams from the skirts of Melendiz Mountain. The catchment area (basin) is 565.2 km². The annual average flow in Selime Village is 72.99 hm³. The flow decreases in summer and increases with spring rains. Since it is fed from sources, it does not dry completely in summer. Its length is 60 km. The flow coefficient is 0.141. In the permeable terrain with Tuff, the majority of precipitation does not appear to run off.

## Geography

The Melendiz River stream originates from Melendiz Mountain, nearby Mount Hasan in Sultan Pinari, Çiftlik, Niğde. It then flows into the Ihlara Valley, passing by villages such as Ihlara, Ilısu, Selime, the archaeological site of Aşıklı Höyük, and cuts through the heart of Aksaray city, splitting Aksaray into North-West and South-East. On the way, it creates the Mamasun Reservoir.

## InfoBox

| Melendiz River | |
| --- | --- |
| the Melendiz river East of Ihlara valley | |
| Location | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Cities | Aksaray |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Length | 14 km (8.7 mi) |


# Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022

This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2022. The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

## Case statistics

## Pandemic chronology

### 1 February

WHO Weekly Report:

* Canada has reported 11,076 new cases, bringing the total to 3,066,483.
* Malaysia has reported 5,566 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,876,324. There are 3,187 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,787,187. Seven deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 31,985.
* New Zealand has reported 205 new cases, bringing the total number to 16,620. There are 55 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 14,865. The death toll remains 53. There are 1,702 active cases (826 at the border and 876 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 6,264 new cases, the most cases in a single day since the start of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 359,075. Three new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 858.
* Tonga has reported two positive cases at the wharf in Nuku'alofa.
* Ukraine has reported 30,768 new daily cases and 192 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,095,263 and 100,395 respectively; a total of 3,631,580 patients have recovered.

### 2 February

* Canada has reported 15,088 new cases, bringing the total to 3,081,580.
* Germany has reported 208,498 new daily cases, surpassing 10 million COVID-19 cases and bringing the total number to 10,186,644.
* Malaysia has reported 5,736 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,882,060. There are 3,196 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,790,383. There are seven deaths, bringing the death toll to 31,992.
* New Zealand has reported 196 new cases, bringing the total number to 16,816. 64 have recovered, bringing the total number of recoveries to 14,929. The death toll remains 53. There are 1,835 active cases (841 at the border and 994 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 3,101 new cases, bringing the total number to 362,176. One new death was reported, bringing the death toll to 859.
* Spain surpasses 10 million cases.
* Ukraine has reported 35,104 new daily cases and 204 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,130,277 and 100,599 respectively; a total of 3,641,474 patients have recovered.
* The United Kingdom surpasses 17 million cases.

### 3 February

* Canada has reported 14,208 new cases, bringing the total to 3,095,797.
* Greece surpasses 2 million COVID-19 cases.
* Israel surpasses 3 million COVID-19 cases.
* Japan has reported 96,845 new daily cases, surpassing 3 millions COVID-19 cases and bringing the total number to 3,007,476.
* Malaysia has reported 5,720 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,887,780. There are 3,968 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,794,354. There are eight deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,000.
* Mexico surpasses 5 million COVID-19 cases.
* New Zealand has reported 191 new cases, bringing the total number to 17,005. There are 49 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 14,978. The death toll remains at 53. There are 1,974 active cases (853 at the border and 1,121 in the community).
* Poland has reported 54,477 new daily cases, surpassing 5 million COVID-19 cases and bringing the total number to 5,035,796.
* Singapore has reported 4,297 new cases, bringing the total number to 366,473. One new death was reported, bringing the death toll to 860.
* Ukraine has reported a record 39,620 new daily cases and 210 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,169,897 and 100,809 respectively; a total of 3,650,854 patients have recovered.
* The United States of America surpasses 76 million cases and 900,000 deaths respectively.

### 4 February

* Austria surpassed 2 million COVID-19 cases.
* Brazil has reported 298,408 new daily cases, the most cases in a single day since the start of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 26,399,242.
* Canada has reported 14,426 new cases, bringing the total to 3,110,639.
* France surpasses 20 million COVID-19 cases.
* Malaysia has reported 7,234 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,895,014. There are 5,254 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,799,608. 11 deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 32,011.
* New Zealand has reported 273 new cases bringing the total to 17,278. There are 67 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,045. The death toll remains 53. There are 2,179 active cases (881 at the border and 1,298 in the community)
* Singapore has reported 13,208 new cases, the most cases in a single day since the start of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 379,681. Six new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 866.
* Turkey has reported 111,157 new daily cases, the second most cases in a single day since the start of the pandemic, surpassing 12 million cases and bringing the total number to 12,051,852.
* Ukraine has reported a record 43,778 new daily cases and 174 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,213,675 and 100,983, respectively; a total of 3,660,351 patients have recovered.

### 5 February

* Canada has reported 7,815 new cases, bringing the total to 3,118,485.
* India surpasses 42 million COVID-19 cases while the death toll crosses over 500,000.
* Malaysia has reported 9,117 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,904,131. There are 6,546 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,806,154. There are 14 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,025.
* New Zealand has reported 269 new cases, bringing the total number to 17,546. There are 60 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,105. The death toll remains 53. There are 2,388 active cases (876 at the border and 1,512 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 10,390 new cases, bringing the total number to 390,071. Two new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 868.
* Ukraine has reported 42,533 new daily cases and 185 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,256,208 and 101,168 respectively; a total of 3,669,979 patients have recovered.

### 6 February

* Canada has reported 6,841 new cases, bringing the total to 3,125,330.
* Malaysia has reported 10,089 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,914,220. There are 6,460 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,812,614. There are 9 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,034.
* New Zealand has reported 227 new cases, bringing the total number to 17,773. There are 96 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,201. The death toll remains 53. There are 2,519 active cases (833 at the border and 1,686 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 7,752 new cases, bringing the total number to 397,823. Three new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 871.
* South Korea has reported 38,670 new daily cases, surpassing 1 million cases and bringing the total number to 1,009,688.
* Ukraine has reported 27,851 new daily cases and 109 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,284,059 and 101,277 respectively; a total of 3,676,068 patients have recovered.

### 7 February

* Canada has reported 7,823 new cases, bringing the total to 3,140,273.
* Malaysia has reported 11,034 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,925,254. There are 6,036 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,818,650. There are nine deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,043.
* New Zealand has reported 215 new cases, bringing the total number to 17,988. There are 27 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,228. The death toll remains 53. There are 2,707 active cases (842 at the border and 1,865 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 7,806 new cases, bringing the total number to 405,629. Three new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 874.
* Ukraine has reported 23,378 new daily cases and 115 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,307,437 and 101,392 respectively; a total of 3,681,092 patients have recovered.

### 8 February

WHO Weekly Report:

* Canada has reported 6,886 new cases, bringing the total to 3,148,876.
* Malaysia has reported 13,944 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,939,198. There are 5,421 recoveries,bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,824,071. 13 deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 32,056.
* The Netherlands have reported 394,575 new daily cases, the most cases in a single day since the start of pandemic, surpassing 5 million positive infection relative COVID-19 and bringing the total number to 5,349,929.
* New Zealand has reported 265 new cases, bringing the total number to 18,253. 92 have recovered, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,320. The death toll remains 53. There are 2,880 active cases (832 at the border and 2,048 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 13,011 new cases, bringing the total number to 418,640. Three new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 877.
* Ukraine has reported 34,353 new daily cases and 255 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,341,790 and 101,647 respectively; a total of 3,696,285 patients have recovered.
* The first case of Omicron variant in white-tailed deer was detected in New York.

### 9 February

* Canada has reported 11,144 new cases, bringing the total to 3,160,015.
* Malaysia has reported 17,134 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,956,332. There are 5,681 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,829,752. There are nine deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,065.
* New Zealand has reported 250 new cases, bringing the total number to 18,503. There are 95 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,415. The death toll remains 53. There are 3,035 active cases (826 at the border and 2,209 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 10,314 new cases, bringing the total number to 428,954. Four new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 881.
* Ukraine has reported 38,257 new daily cases and 240 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,380,047 and 101,887 respectively; a total of 3,713,348 patients have recovered.
* The United Kingdom surpassed 18 million cases.
* According to Johns Hopkins University, the total number of COVID-19 cases in the world have surpassed 400 million.

### 10 February

* Brazil surpassed 27 million COVID-19 cases.
* Canada has reported 10,637 new cases, bringing the total to 3,170,647.
* Malaysia has reported 19,090, bringing the total number to 2,975,422. There are 5,712 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,835,464. There are ten deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,075.
* New Zealand has reported 336 new cases, bringing the total number to 18,837. There are 84 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,499. The death toll remains 53. There are 3,295 active cases (815 at the border and 2,470 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 10,686 new cases, bringing the total number to 439,640. One new death was reported, bringing the death toll to 882.
* Ukraine has reported 41,694 new daily cases and 280 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,421,741 and 102,167 respectively; a total of 3,729,976 patients have recovered.
* Prince of Wales Charles has tested positive for COVID-19 for the second time and has gone into isolation.

### 11 February

* Canada has reported 10,406 new cases bringing the total to 3,181,044.
* Germany has reported 240,172 new daily cases, surpassing 12 million COVID-19 cases, bringing the total number to 12,010,712.
* Japan has reported 98,370 new daily cases, the third most relative infection cases from the first of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 3,764,458.
* Malaysia has reported 20,939 new cases, bringing the total number to 2,996,361. There are 5,807 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,841,271. There are 24 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,099.
* New Zealand has reported 478 new cases, bringing the total number to 19,313. There are 101 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,600. The death toll remains 53. There are 3,660 active cases (786 at the border and 2,874 in the community).
* Portugal surpasses 3 million COVID-19 cases.
* Singapore has reported 9,930 new cases, bringing the total number to 449,570. Three new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 885.
* Ukraine has reported 41,229 new daily cases and 236 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,462,970 and 102,403, respectively; a total of 3,750,826 patients have recovered.

### 12 February

* Canada has reported 6,142 new cases, bringing the total to 3,187,186.
* New Zealand has reported 466 new cases, bringing the total number to 19,777. There are 65 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,665. The death toll remains 53. There are 4,059 active cases (756 at the border and 3,303 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 10,505 new cases, bringing the total number to 460,075. Eight new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 893.
* Ukraine has reported 38,212 new daily cases and 265 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,501,182 and 102,668 respectively; a total of 3,770,769 patients have recovered.

### 13 February

* Canada has reported 4,401 new cases, bringing the total to 3,191,587.
* The Canadian Province Of Ontario has reported 2,265 new cases the lowest daily case count since February 8, 2022.
* The Canadian Province Of Quebec has reported 1,870 new cases.
* Malaysia has reported 21,072 cases, bringing the total number to 3,040,235. There are 5,274 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,852,437. There are 11 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,125.
* New Zealand has reported 835 new cases (810 in the community and 25 at the border), bringing the total number to 20,228.
* Russia has reported 197,949 new daily cases, surpassing 14 millions cases for COVID-19, bringing the total number to 14,133,509.
* Singapore has reported 9,420 new cases, bringing the total number to 469,495. Four new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 897.
* Ukraine has reported 24,518 new daily cases and 140 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,525,700 and 102,808, respectively; a total of 3,779,057 patients have recovered.

### 14 February

* Canada has reported 5,911 new cases, bringing the total to 3,204,250.
* Malaysia has reported 21,315 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,061,550. There are 8,517 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,860,954. There are 24 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,149.
* New Zealand has reported 1,796 new cases, bringing the total number to 21,573. 199 have recovered, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,864. The death toll remains 53. There are 5,696 active cases (696 at the border and 4,690 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 9,082 new cases, bringing the total number to 478,577. Nine new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 906.
* Ukraine has reported 16,993 new daily cases and 142 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,542,693 and 102,950, respectively; a total of 3,788,395 patients have recovered.

### 15 February

WHO Weekly Report:

* Canada has reported 6,262 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,210,715.
* Japan has reported 84,220 new daily cases, surpassing 4 million infection cases COVID-19, bringing the total number to 4,055,675.
* Malaysia has reported 22,133 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,063,203. There are 7,584 new recoveries, bringing the total number to 2,868,538. There are 31 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,180.
* New Zealand has reported 763 new cases, bringing the total number to 22,328. 102 recoveries were reported, bringing the total number of recoveries to 15,966. The death toll remains 53. There are 6,309 active cases (673 at the border and 5,636 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 19,420 new cases, the most cases in a single day since the start of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 497,997. Seven new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 913.
* Turkey has reported 94,730 new daily cases, surpassing 13 million infection cases relative COVID-19, bringing the total number to 13,079,683.
* Ukraine has reported 29,724 new daily cases and 305 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,572,417 and 103,255, respectively; a total of 3,811,630 patients have recovered.

### 16 February

* Canada has reported 8,030 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,218,731.
* Malaysia has reported 27,831 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,111,514. There are 7,912 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,876,450. There are 21 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,180.
* New Zealand has reported 1,203 new cases, bringing the total number to 23,509. There are 125 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 16,091. The death toll remains 53. There are 7,365 active cases (644 at the border and 6,721 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 16,883 new cases, bringing the total number to 514,880. 13 new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 926.
* Ukraine has reported 31,513 new daily cases and 310 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,603,930 and 103,565, respectively; a total of 3,839,314 patients have recovered.

### 17 February

* Canada has reported 9,357 new cases, bringing the total to 3,227,412.
* Germany has reported 235,626 new daily cases, surpassing 13 million cases affective COVID-19, bringing the total number to 13,035,941.
* Indonesia has reported 63,956 new daily cases, surpassing 5 million cases affective COVID-19, bringing the total number to 5,030,002.
* Malaysia has reported 26,701 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,138,215. There are 11,744 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,888,194. There are 39 new deaths, bringing the total numbers of deaths to 32,239.
* New Zealand has reported 1,588 new cases, bringing the total number to 25,050. There are 172 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 16,263. The death toll remains 53. There are 8,734 active cases (587 at the border and 8,147 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 18,545 new cases, bringing the total number to 533,425. Four new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 930.
* Ukraine has reported 33,330 new daily cases and 259 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,637,260 and 103,824 respectively; a total of 3,866,755 patients have recovered.

### 18 February

* Canada has reported 7,027 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,234,310.
* Malaysia has reported 27,808 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,166,023. There are 12,488 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,900,682. There are 36 deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,726.
* New Zealand has reported 1,947 new cases, bringing the total number to 26,935. There are 207 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 16,470. The death toll remains 53. There are 10,412 active cases (538 at the border and 9,874 in the community).
* Russia has reported 180,071 new daily cases, surpassing 15 million cases and bringing the total number to 15,020,573.
* Singapore has reported 18,094 new cases, bringing the total number to 551,519. Seven new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 937.
* Ukraine has reported 34,938 new daily cases and 282 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,672,198 and 104,106 respectively; a total of 3,896,009 patients have recovered.

### 19 February

* Canada has reported 4,180 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,238,490.
* Malaysia has reported 28,825 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,194,848. There are 18,514 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,919,196. There are 34 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,310.
* New Zealand has reported 1,915 cases, bringing the total number to 28,751. There are 136 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 16,606. The death toll remains 53. There are 12,092 cases at the border (491 at the border and 11,601 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 15,836 new cases, bringing the total number to 567,355. Four new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 941.
* Ukraine has reported 31,125 new daily cases and 260 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,703,323 and 104,366 respectively; a total of 3,926,496 patients have recovered.
* The United States of America surpasses 80 million cases.

### 20 February

* Canada has reported 3,377 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,241,867.
* Malaysia has reported 26,832 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,221,680. There are 18,459 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,937,655. There are 37 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,347.
* New Zealand has reported 2,539 new cases, bringing the total number to 31,087. There are 169 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 16,775. The death toll remains 53. There are 14,259 active cases (474 at the border and 13,785 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 15,283 new cases, bringing the total number to 582,638. Four new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 945.
* Ukraine has reported 17,448 new daily cases and 152 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,720,771 and 104,518 respectively; a total of 3,938,459 patients have recovered.

### 21 February

* Canada has reported 1,654 new cases, bringing the total number 3,243,951.
* Malaysia has reported 25,099 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,246,779. There are 17,749 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 2,955,404. There are 43 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,390.
* New Zealand has reported 2,377 new cases, bringing the total number to 33,317. There are 118 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 16,893. The death toll remains 53. There are 16,371 active cases (443 at the border and 15,928 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 13,623 new cases, bringing the total number to 596,261. Seven new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 952.
* South Korea has reported 95,362 new daily cases, surpassing 2 million cases relative COVID-19, bringing the total number to 2,058,184.
* Ukraine has reported 13,562 new daily cases and 127 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,734,333 and 104,645, respectively; a total of 3,952,363 patients have recovered.

### 22 February

WHO Weekly Report:

* Canada has reported 5,364 new cases bringing the total number 3,254,597.
* Malaysia has reported 27,179 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,273,958. There are 19,037 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries 2,974,441. There are 43 new deaths, bringing the death toll 32,433.
* New Zealand has reported 2,860 new cases, bringing the total number to 36,162. There are 187 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 17,080. Three deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 56. There are 19,026 active cases (401 at the border and 18,625 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 26,032 new cases, the most cases in a single day since the start of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 622,293. Four new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 956.
* Ukraine has reported 24,440 new daily cases and 287 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,758,773 and 104,932 respectively; a total of 3,985,601 patients have recovered.

### 23 February

* Australia exceeded 5,000 COVID-19 related deaths.
* Canada has reported 6,354 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,262,061.
* Malaysia has reported 31,199 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,305,157. There are 20,399 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries 2,994,840. There are 55 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,488.
* New Zealand has reported 3,305 new cases, bringing the total number to 39,345 cases. There are 187 recoveries, bringing the total number to 17,267. The death toll remains 53. There are 22,022 active cases (374 at the border and 21,648 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 20,312 new cases, bringing the total number to 642,605. Seven new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 963.
* Ukraine has reported 25,062 new daily cases and 297 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,783,835 and 105,229, respectively; a total of 4,023,033 patients have recovered.

### 24 February

* Canada has reported 7,639 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,269,696.
* Malaysia has reported 32,070 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,337,227. There are 23,332 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 3,018,172. There are 46 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,534.
* New Zealand has reported 6,145, bringing the total number of cases to 45,473. There are 201 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 17,648. The death toll remains 56. There are 27,949 active cases (338 at the border and 27,611 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 18,593 new cases, bringing the total number to 661,198. 12 new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 975.
* Ukraine has reported 25,789 new daily cases and 276 new daily deaths, bringing the total number to 4,809,624 and 105,505 respectively; a total of 4,058,020 patients have recovered. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine begins, the Ukrainian government stops reporting new cases.
* Vietnam has reported 69,128 new daily cases, surpasses 3 million COVID-19 cases, bringing the total number to 3,034,190.

### 25 February

* Canada has reported 6,536 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,277,182.
* Malaysia has reported 30,644 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,367,871. There are 22,678 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 3,040,850. There are 57 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,591.
* New Zealand has reported 12,030 new cases, bringing the total number to 57,497. There are 253 recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 17,721. The death toll remains 56. There are 39,720 active cases (325 at the border and 39,395 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 18,597 new cases, bringing the total number to 679,795. 11 new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 986.

### 26 February

* Canada has reported 3,513 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,280,695.
* Malaysia has reported 27,299 new cases, bringing the total number 3,395,170. There are 22,710 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 3,063,560. There are 43 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,634.
* New Zealand has reported 13,612 new cases, bringing the total number to 71,122. 226 have recovered, bringing the total number of recoveries to 17,947. The death toll remains 56. There are 53,119 active cases (311 at the border and 52,808 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 16,857 new cases, bringing the total number to 696,652. 13 new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 999.

### 27 February

* Canada has reported 3,037 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,283,732.
* Malaysia has reported 24,466 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,419,636. There are 22,710 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 3,086,270. There are 40 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,674.
* New Zealand has reported 14,892 new cases, bringing the total number to 86,138. 167 recoveries were reported, bringing the total number of recoveries to 18,114. The death toll remains 56. There are 67,968 active cases (336 at the border and 67,631 in the community).
* Singapore has reported 14,228 new cases, bringing the total number to 710,880. Eight new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 1,007.
* Turkey has reported 49,792 new daily cases, surpassing 14 million relative cases, since the first of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 14,025,181.

### 28 February

* Canada has reported 5,925 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,292,980.
* Malaysia has reported 23,100 new cases, bringing the total number to 3,442,736. There are 30,624 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries to 3,116,564. There are 75 new deaths, bringing the death toll to 32,749.
* New Zealand has reported 14,657 new cases, bringing the total number to 100,821. 218 have recovered, bringing the total number of recoveries to 18,332. The death toll remains 56. There are 82,433 active cases (327 at the border and 82,105) in the community.
* Singapore has reported 13,544 new cases, bringing the total number to 724,424. 12 new deaths were reported, bringing the death toll to 1,019.
* South Korea has reported 139,626 new daily cases, surpassing 3 million relative cases since the first of the pandemic, bringing the total number to 3,134,456.

## Summary

By the end of February, only the following countries and territories have not reported any cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections:

**Asia**

**Oceania**


title: Melanchra assimilis

abstract: Melanchra assimilis, commonly known as the black arches or similar black noctuid, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Melanchra assimilis is 10295.

text:
# Melanchra assimilis

***Melanchra assimilis***, commonly known as the **black arches** or **similar black noctuid**, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Melanchra assimilis* is 10295.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Melanchra assimilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Adult (top) and larva (bottom) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Tribe: | Hadenini |
| Genus: | *Melanchra* |
| Species: | ***M. assimilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanchra assimilis***<br>(Morrison, 1874) | |
|


title: Gabi Rosendoren

abstract: Gabi Rosendoren was an Israeli footballer who played for the national team of Israel and also played in the local top division for 12 seasons with Hapoel Petah Tikva, Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Yehud.

text:
# Gabi Rosendoren

**Gabi Rosendoren** (30 October 1947 – 27 April 1980) was an Israeli footballer who played for the national team of Israel and also played in the local top division for 12 seasons with Hapoel Petah Tikva, Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Yehud.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Gabi Rosendoren
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Gabriel Rosendoren | | |
| Date of birth | (1947-10-30)30 October 1947 | | |
| Place of birth | Israel | | |
| Date of death | 27 April 1980(1980-04-27) (aged 32) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1965–1968 | Hapoel Herzliya |  |  |
| 1968–1976 | Hapoel Petah Tikva | 198 | (17) |
| 1976–1979 | Maccabi Netanya |  |  |
| 1979–1980 | Hapoel Yehud |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1971–1975 | Israel | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |