title: The Beast (book)

abstract: The Beast: Riding the Rails and Dodging Narcos on the Migrant Trail is the first book by Salvadoran journalist Óscar Martínez. The book was originally published in Spanish in 2010 as Los migrantes que no importan. It was translated into English in 2013 by Daniela Maria Ugaz and John B. Washington. The book follows the harsh journey of Central American immigrants on the El tren de la muerte to the United States.

text:
# The Beast (book)

***The Beast: Riding the Rails and Dodging Narcos on the Migrant Trail*** is the first book by Salvadoran journalist Óscar Martínez. The book was originally published in Spanish in 2010 as *Los migrantes que no importan* (The Migrants that Don't Matter). It was translated into English in 2013 by Daniela Maria Ugaz and John B. Washington. The book follows the harsh journey of Central American immigrants on the El tren de la muerte to the United States.

## Background

Martinez works as a journalist for *El Faro*. He spent a year travelling with the migrants across Mexico along with a crew of photographers and filmmakers and made eight trips aboard the freight trains on the El tren de la muerte. The book is a compilation of a series of stories published in the newspaper. The book was first published in 2010 by Icaria and El Faro and a second edition was released by Mexican publishers sur+ Ediciones in 2012. The English translation was published by Verso Books and has an introduction by Francisco Goldman.

## Reception

The book was met with largely positive reviews. *The Guardian* called it a 'gale-force book' and appreciated the 'raw authenticity' of the prose. *The New York Times* felt that the title change from the Spanish version was to 'subtly shift the emphasis to the train and away from its reluctant passengers' and felt that the translation takes away some of the 'sizzle of the original'. They however lauded the 'graceful, incisive writing' and called it an honorable successor to *The Road to Wigan Pier* by George Orwell and *How the Other Half Lives* by Jacob Riis. *The Economist* drew parallels with Joan Didion's book *Salvador* while also appreciating the translation work. *Financial Times* lauded the 'precise, empathetic and often poetic language' of the writer which 'summons rage and pity but also admiration in the reader'.

Martinez won the WOLA-Duke book award for *The Beast* in 2014. He also won the CPJ International Press Freedom Awards in 2016.

## InfoBox

The Beast: Riding the Rails and Dodging Narcos on the Migrant Trail
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Óscar Martínez |
| Original title | *Los migrantes que no importan* |
| Translators | Daniela Maria Ugaz <br>John B. Washington |
| Language | English |
| Subject | El tren de la muerte |
| Publisher | Verso Books |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 267 |
| ISBN | 9781781682975 |


title: Tassilo Wallentin

abstract: Tassilo Wallentin is an Austrian author, columnist, and lawyer. He was an independent candidate for President of Austria in the 2022 election.

text:
# Tassilo Wallentin

**Tassilo Wallentin** (born 25 December 1973 in Vienna) is an Austrian author, columnist, and lawyer. He was an independent candidate for President of Austria in the 2022 election.

## Life and profession

Wallentin graduated from Catholic school in Floridsdorf in Vienna. He then completed compulsory military service as a one-year volunteer with the alpine troops and began studying jurisprudence at the University of Salzburg in 1994. He completed his doctoral studies in 1998 and worked as a university assistant at the Institute for Austrian and International Commercial and Economic Law. He then studied in the United States, obtaining a Master of Laws degree and worked for a law firm in San Francisco. After returning to Austria, practicing law in Vienna, and passing the bar exam, Wallentin founded his own law firm in 2004.

Wallentin rose to prominence in 2004 after securing the acquittal of two construction industry directors who had operated hundreds of shell companies. In his defence, he cited a decision by the Supreme Court of Justice which ruled that intentional withdrawal of share capital from a company was not illegal since the funds were transferred, if only for a "legal second", to the founding account. Wallentin successfully argued that the defendants had not technically filed false reports to the commercial court, since the state of the accounts during that "legal second" was legally valid. Combined with a 1999 European Court of Justice ruling on the freedom to establish companies across borders, the case set an EU-wide legal precedent that companies are only liable for damages up to the basic founding fee of 100 euro, necessitating amendment to regulations to re-criminalise corporate fraud.

Shortly after, Wallentin began representing Hans Dichand, the founder, publisher, and editor-in-chief of the *Neue Kronen Zeitung*, in a number of legal cases, particularly against the WAZ Media Group. This included media arbitration proceedings as well as pressing damages claims after the discontinuation of the newspaper *U-Express*. During the foundation of Dichand's new newspaper *Heute*, Wallentin filed a trademark for the brand; it was later suspected that Dichand was covertly funneling funds for this new venture via a shell company owned by his wife.

In 2012, Wallentin gained notoriety as a lawyer and defence counsel for Helmut Elsner, former director of the bank BAWAG P.S.K., in a case which resulted in the Austrian Trade Union Federation owing two billion euro in damages. Wallentin made various television appearances during the course of proceedings, including on ZIB 2 with Armin Wolf, where he made headlines for his blunt attempts to dodge questions.

Wallentin began working as a journalist in 2004, writing reviews for the *Neue Zürcher Zeitung* under a pseudonym. Between 2013 and 2022, he wrote the full-page weekly column "Frankly said" in the *Krone bunt*, the Sunday edition of the *Kronen Zeitung*.

During the 2017 coalition formation between the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), the two parties signed a confidential supplementary paper detailing planned division of personnel in the government. Wallentin was proposed as a member of the Constitutional Court. However, Michael Rami was appointed instead. Reports of the paper only surfaced in January 2022, after the government had left office.

## Politics

On 11 August 2022, Wallentin announced his candidacy for the 2022 Austrian presidential election. He was endorsed by billionaire and former politician Frank Stronach. On 21 August, Wallentin placed a full-page advertisement for his candidacy in the *Krone bunt*, the Sunday edition of the *Kronen Zeitung*. On the reverse side of the page was a signature form which could be cut out and filled in; the advertisement was composed to ensure the back of the form would be blank. Wallentin had researched and concluded that there was no regulation of paper thickness for signature forms, meaning that the newspaper cutout was legally valid for the signature-collecting process. On 24 August, he announced that he had received the 6,000 signatures needed to qualify for the election. By 29 August, he had received 18,000 signatures.

Wallentin portrayed himself as an anti-establishment candidate. Commentators suggested he drew from the FPÖ's electorate, as well as older voters and ÖVP supporters. Prior to the campaign, there was media speculation that he could be nominated as the FPÖ's presidential candidate.

Shortly after announcing his candidacy, *Falter* published screenshots of sexist content from Wallentin's Instagram account, which he had deactivated shortly before. One featured a nude photo of John Lennon and Yoko Ono with the caption "If you ever feel useless, remember that Yoko Ono destroyed the Beatles with an ass like this", and another image was captioned "It might be International Women's Day, but dinner won't be ready by itself." Another was a photo of an overweight woman wearing a shirt with the phrase "Don't grab me by the pussy", captioned "Leftists worry about things that will never happen." Wallentin responded that the account was satirical in nature, and that it would be "absurd" to accuse him of misogyny since the content targeted both men and women. He said that some of the content was posted by others, and argued that a few posts had been cherrypicked out of dozens as part of a mud-slinging campaign against him.

Wallentin was a guest in ZIB 2 on 19 September, where host Armin Wolf confronted him over numerous false claims made in his columns in the *Kronen Zeitung*. For example, he had incorrectly claimed that asylum seekers received social security. Wolf also challenged Wallentin's assertion that, due to immigration, Muslims would make up "30 to 40 percent" of Austria's population in twenty years. Previously, in 2017, *Vice* published an article debunking false claims in Wallentin's articles.

Wallentin won 327,214 votes in the election, a total of 8.07%, placing fourth.


title: Housing Market Renewal Initiative

abstract: The Housing Market Renewal Initiative (HMRI) or Housing Market Renewal (HMR) Pathfinders programme was a controversial scheme of demolition, refurbishment and new-building which ran in the UK between 2002 and 2011 and aimed "to renew failing housing markets in nine designated areas of the North and Midlands of England."

text:
# Housing Market Renewal Initiative

The **Housing Market Renewal Initiative** (**HMRI**) or **Housing Market Renewal (HMR) Pathfinders** programme was a controversial scheme of demolition, refurbishment and new-building which ran in the UK between 2002 and 2011 and aimed "to renew failing housing markets in nine designated areas of the North and Midlands of England."

## Housing Market Renewal Pathfinders

The programme was launched in 2002 by deputy prime minister John Prescott, with the coalition government led by David Cameron ending funding in March 2011.

Supporters of the scheme claimed that it would " renew failing housing markets and reconnect them to regional markets", "improve neighbourhoods and" "encourage people to live and work in these areas."

Opponents claimed that "Britain's heritage is being 'rapidly lost' by botched renovation and unnecessary demolition - in particular the bulldozing of Victorian terraced housing across the north west of England." and that it was "a programme of class cleansing".

The nine Pathfinder partnerships announced in April 2002 were Birmingham/Sandwell, East Lancashire, Hull and East Riding, Manchester/Salford, Merseyside, Newcastle/Gateshead, North Staffordshire, Oldham/Rochdale, and South Yorkshire.

In 2005, three further areas of low demand were also identified; West Yorkshire, West Cumbria, and Tees Valley.

## History

HMRI was started in 2002, from the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), at the time responsible for the Department for Communities and Local Government. The Labour Government had adopted as one of its policies the improvement of urban areas that had suffered numerous social problems, originating from decline of traditional industries in the North of England, like the closure of coal mines, ship yards, textile industry. Rapidly rising house prices throughout the United Kingdom between 1995 and 2007 creating a wealth effect had not been replicated in such areas. Instead, such areas experienced, according to an early independent study of Pathfinder, "high vacancy rates, increasing population turnover, low sales values and, in some cases, neighbourhood abandonment and market failure".

The basis was a report by the Centre for Urban and Regional Studies (CURS) at the University of Birmingham, which informed lobbying by the National Housing Federation of the Government's 2002 Comprehensive Spending Review.

From the beginning on there was criticism of HMRI, from residents of the affected areas, politicians as well as experts in the field of historic buildings. Save Britain's Heritage have published an analysis of the pathfinder scheme that is highly critical of the proposals. Some local resident organisations opposed the plans for their areas, such as:

while other residents groups have supported the policy and participated in its delivery.

*Property Scandal*, a Channel 4 TV series and campaign, has been highly critical of Pathfinder schemes, broadcasting interviews with a central government housing minister - who appointed the presenter an independent advisor - and attempted interviews with Sefton Council and the Mayor of Liverpool, who both responded with written statements or brush-offs. Part of the film shows an 82-year-old being forcefully evicted from her freehold house after a compulsory purchase order.

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation, a poverty charity, reported at an early stage that (while remaining generally supportive of the scheme), it was necessary for its success that financial, legal and moral commitments made up to a decade in advance should be supported by UK Central Government long-term funding commitments to 2019. As of June 2008, however, Central Government funding had been committed only to March 2011, and Parliamentary concerns were expressed "that demolition sites, rather than newly built houses, will be the Programme’s legacy".

## Merseyside (Liverpool, Sefton, Wirral)

The Merseyside Pathfinder area is also known as **NewHeartlands**. The area was broken up into geographical parts: Dingle, Granby, Arundel, Picton, Abercromby, Smithdown, Kensington, Tuebrook, Everton, Breckfield, Anfield, Vauxhall, Melrose and County.

### Granby

The area of Toxteth is located close to the historic Princes Park. The streets include Beaconsfield Street, Cairns Street, Ducie Street, Jermyn Street and Granby Street. These streets are bound to the west by Princes Avenue with large, representative Victorian Houses, to the east by Kingsley Road and to the north by Eversley Street. Other streets in the area have been demolished and rebuilt and are not included in the renewal area. The local authority also refers to their plans as the '4 streets project', reflecting the fact that 4 streets are covered: Beaconsfield Street, Cairns Street, Jermyn Street and Ducie Street. All these streets cross or lead off Granby Street.


title: Nährenbach

abstract: Nährenbach is a small river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It flows into the Weser near Fischbeck.

text:
# Nährenbach

**Nährenbach** is a small river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It flows into the Weser near Fischbeck.

## InfoBox

| Nährenbach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| States | Lower Saxony |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Weser |
| coordinates | 52°08′10″N 9°17′10″E / 52.13611°N 9.28611°E / 52.13611; 9.28611 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | WeserNorth Sea |


title: Saint Peter, Barbados

abstract: The Parish of Saint Peter is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados. It is named after the Christian Apostle and patron saint, Saint Peter. It is located in the north of Barbados, and is the only parish besides Saint Lucy that extends from the east coast to the west. The Barbados "Platinum Coast," which extends through Saint Peter from the parish of Saint James just to the south, has helped to make Saint Peter a tourist hot spot. The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. Its topography includes rolling hills and terraces, some of which are still covered by sugar cane, which was the island's chief cash crop during its colonial period. Within Saint Peter are also large tourist sites such as the Port St. Charles and Port Ferdinand marinas. Other lavish resorts include Schooner Bay, St. Peter's Bay and The Palazzate.

text:
# Saint Peter, Barbados

The Parish of **Saint Peter** ("St. Peter") is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados. It is named after the Christian Apostle and patron saint, Saint Peter. It is located in the north of Barbados, and is the only parish besides Saint Lucy that extends from the east coast to the west.

The Barbados "Platinum Coast," which extends through Saint Peter from the parish of Saint James just to the south, has helped to make Saint Peter a tourist hot spot. The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. Its topography includes rolling hills and terraces, some of which are still covered by sugar cane, which was the island's chief cash crop during its colonial period. Within Saint Peter are also large tourist sites such as the Port St. Charles and Port Ferdinand marinas. Other lavish resorts include Schooner Bay, St. Peter's Bay and The Palazzate.

## Geography

### Populated places

The parish contains the following towns, villages, localities, settlements, communities and hamlets:

#### Speightstown

The area of Speightstown was the first major port and commercial centre of Barbados. The city is named after William Speight, a member of Barbados' first Assembly during the colonial years, and the former owner of the land on which the city arose. It has a long and colorful history reaching back to the 17th century when it served as one of the main ports connecting the island with the “mother country,” England. Back then Speightstown was sometimes called “Little Bristol” because of these trading connections with Bristol in England. This little village was the port that Admiral Ayscue could not take when he was dispatched by Cromwell to quell the insurrection in Barbados in 1649. The Barbadians were loyal to Charles I, and would not accept Oliver Cromwell as their protector. For six months Ayscue was unable to land in Barbados, and concentrated attacks on Speightstown were repelled by the small forts along the shore. The tiny island was landed only with the help of a defector who led Ayscue and his men to land at Oistins where they met with representatives of the island and signed what has become known as the Charter of Barbados. Signed in 1652, the agreement gave Barbados rights and privileges unheard of on any other island. In particular it guaranteed that Barbados could not be taxed without the consent of a Barbados General Assembly. Many historic buildings dating from colonial times, including Arlington House, still remain standing in the town and can be seen mostly along Queen Street, Church Street and Orange Street. Speightstown saw a lot of activity during the reign of the sugar industry and the day of the slave trade. Many slaves would have passed through this town, even if they were to be shipped on further to other islands or America.

Today Speightstown is busiest on weekends when locals and visitors come out to do their shopping and banking. Many stalls can be found along the streets hawking local and imported fruits and ground provisions. Although it had fallen into disrepair and neglect over the years, the area is now the focus of new initiatives for development. Speightstown Esplanade at Fort Denmark and the Fisheries Complex have been refurbished. Drainage in the area has been improved to prevent flooding. The jetty has been rebuilt and a modern ferry line may be established.

Port St. Charles is open for those who wish to enter the island by yacht. Speightstown hosts The Gallery of Caribbean Art, which showcases local and Caribbean artists.

### Parishes bordering Saint Peter

### Defined boundaries

* **With St. Andrew:**  Starting from the meeting point of the parishes of St. Peter, St. James and St. Andrew and continuing in an easterly direction to its junction with the public road leading from Rock Hall Plantation to Rock Hall Village: then in a north-westerly direction along this public road to its junction at Rock Hall Tenantry with a track leading to Roebuck Village; then along this track in a generally northerly direction to its junction at Roebuck Village with the unclassified public road leading from Four Hills Plantation to Indian Ground; then continuing in a generally northerly direction along this road to its junction with the public road leading from Orange Hill Plantation to Welchtown Plantation; then continuing in a northerly direction along this road to its junction at Welchtown Plantation with the public road leading from Farley Hill to Portland; then in a north-westerly direction along this road to its junction at Portland with the public road called Highway 1; then in an easterly and northerly direction along Highway 1 to the junction at Diamond Comer with the public road called Highway B; then in a generally easterly direction along Highway B passing through Nicholas and Cherry Tree Hill to the junction of this road with the public road leading to Boscobelle; then in a north-easterly direction along this road to the junction with the private road leading to Fosters Funland; then in a generally easterly direction along this road and along the southern section of the loop at the end; and then continuing in an easterly direction to the sea.

* **With St. James:**  Starting from the meeting point of the parishes of St. Peter, St. James and St. Andrew and continuing in an easterly direction to its junction with the public road leading from Rock Hall Plantation to Rock Hall Village: then in a north- westerly direction along this public road to its junction at Rock Hall Tenantry with a track leading to Roebuck Village; then along this track in a generally northerly direction to its junction at Roebuck Village with the unclassified public road leading from Four Hills Plantation to Indian Ground; then continuing in a generally northerly direction along this road to its junction with the public road leading from Orange Hill Plantation to Welchtown Plantation; then continuing in a northerly direction along this road to its junction at Welchtown Plantation with the public road leading from Farley Hill to Portland; then in a north-westerly direction along this road to its junction at Portland with the public road called Highway 1; then in an easterly and northerly direction along Highway 1 to the junction at Diamond Comer with the public road called Highway B; then in a generally easterly direction along Highway B passing through Nicholas and Cherry Tree Hill to the junction of this road with the public road leading to Boscobelle; then in a north-easterly direction along this road to the junction with the private road leading to Fosters Funland; then in a generally easterly direction along this road and along the southern section of the loop at the end; and then continuing in an easterly direction to the sea.

* **With St. Lucy:**  Starting from a point on the seashore directly west of the junction of Highway 1C and the public road leading from Shermans to Half Moon Fort, the line travels eastwards to the centre-line of the said road junction; then in a north-easterly direction along Highway 1C to its junction with the private (estate) road leading to Alleynedale Hall; then along this private road and diverting along the northern branch of this road so as to leave the plantation buildings in St. Peter to meet the public road called Highway A leading from Rose Hill to St. Lucy’s Church; then northwards along Highway A to its junction with the public road called Luke Hill; then along this public road in a north-easterly and northerly direction to the junction with the unclassified road leading to Castle Plantation; then along this road in an easterly and south- easterly direction to a point opposite the monument (B.l) placed on the eastern side; then in a north-easterly direction along the line joining this point and another monument (13.2) situate on the western side of an unclassified road at Lamberts and to the centre line of the road; then along this road in a north- westerly and north-easterly direction to its junction with the public road leading from Lamberts to Graveyard; then along this public road in an easterly, north- easterly and northerly direction to its junction with the unclassified road leading to Boscobelle; then along this road in a north-easterly, south-easterly and north- easterly direction to the centre of the bridge situate at the point just before the road turns to a south-easterly direction; then in a north-easterly direction (30“ 16') to the sea.

## Attractions of St. Peter

### Farley Hill National Park

Farley Hill is a ruin of a Georgian mansion which was built by Sir Graham Briggs. Work started in 1818 and rooms were constantly being added over the next fifty years. Farley Hill was eventually regarded as the most impressive mansion in Barbados and in 1957 was used as Belfontaine Mansion in the famous film *Island in the Sun*. After the mansion was destroyed by fire in 1965, the property was acquired by the Barbados Government. On February 15, 1966, Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the grounds as the Farley Hill National Park. Situated high up on a hill overlooking Barbados' rugged Atlantic coast, Farley Hill is a picnic area, wedding venue, and vista point, featuring views of the east coast of Barbados. The forest of mahogany trees is transformed into the stage for musical and theatrical events several times a year, including the Barbados Jazz Festival and Gospelfest, among others.

### Barbados Wildlife Reserve

The reserve is situated in a lush mahogany wood, across the road from Farley Hill National Park, and is primarily a monkey sanctuary for the Barbados Green Monkey. The monkeys and most of the other animals are free to roam.

### St. Nicholas Abbey

St Nicholas Abbey is one of the more famous landmarks on Barbados. It is one of only three genuine Jacobean mansions in the Western Hemisphere. It is similar to the English Jacobean manor houses of the first half of the seventeenth century, the period between the Tudor and Georgian styles, beginning in the reign of James I.

## Religion

Barbados was a British colony and retains many British traditions. Many of the churches are Anglican, Episcopal, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, and others.

## Notable People

* Dennis Bovell MBE (born 22 May 1953) is a Barbados-born reggae guitarist, bass player and record producer, based in England. Bovell was born in Saint Peter, Barbados, in 1953,

## InfoBox

| Saint Peter | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
| A scenic shot of St. Peter | |
| Map of Barbados showing the Saint Peter parish | |
| Coordinates: 13°15′N 59°37′W / 13.250°N 59.617°W / 13.250; -59.617 | |
| Country | Barbados |
| Largest city | Speightstown |
| Government | |
| Type | Parliamentary democracy |
| Parliamentary seats | 1 |
| Area | |
| Total | 34 km2 (13 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| Total | 11,300 |
| Density | 330/km2 (860/sq mi) |
| ISO 3166 code | BB-09 |


title: Laguna Loire

abstract: Laguna Loire is a fictional character from Square's role-playing game Final Fantasy VIII. He is a man whose past and relation to the main characters are revealed throughout the game. Most sequences involving Laguna appear in the form of "dreams" experienced by the primary protagonists. Squall Leonhart always experiences these dreams from Laguna's point of view which shows his life as a Galbadian soldier teaming up with his two best friends, Kiros and Ward. He also appears in the crossover fighting game Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy as playable character as a soldier chosen by Cosmos alongside other Final Fantasy characters. Kazushige Nojima created his character based on negative feedback from Final Fantasy VII involving several dark flashbacks. The concept of two main characters, Squall and Laguna, was planned since the beginning of the game's development. Artist Tetsuya Nomura tried to create a contrast between Laguna's and Squall's occupations; thus, Laguna became a soldier with light-hearted charisma, and Squall became a reserved mercenary student. The designers intended Laguna to be more similar to the previous protagonists in the series to complement Squall, who is different from the previous main characters. Critical response to Laguna's character has been positive with several writers praising his upbeat and cheerful personality which contrasts the moody Squall. The connection these two characters have has also been the subject of discussion in regards to theories involving how the two appear to be father and son but the narrative never confirms it leading it to lack of potential in developing Squall while seeing his father's days.

text:
# Laguna Loire

**Laguna Loire** (Japanese: ラグナ・レウァール, Hepburn: *Raguna Rewāru*) is a fictional character from Square's role-playing game *Final Fantasy VIII*. He is a man whose past and relation to the main characters are revealed throughout the game. Most sequences involving Laguna appear in the form of "dreams" experienced by the primary protagonists. Squall Leonhart always experiences these dreams from Laguna's point of view which shows his life as a Galbadian soldier teaming up with his two best friends, Kiros and Ward. He also appears in the crossover fighting game *Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy* as playable character as a soldier chosen by Cosmos alongside other *Final Fantasy* characters.

Kazushige Nojima created his character based on negative feedback from *Final Fantasy VII* involving several dark flashbacks. The concept of two main characters, Squall and Laguna, was planned since the beginning of the game's development. Artist Tetsuya Nomura tried to create a contrast between Laguna's and Squall's occupations; thus, Laguna became a soldier with light-hearted charisma, and Squall became a reserved mercenary student. The designers intended Laguna to be more similar to the previous protagonists in the series to complement Squall, who is different from the previous main characters.

Critical response to Laguna's character has been positive with several writers praising his upbeat and cheerful personality which contrasts the moody Squall. The connection these two characters have has also been the subject of discussion in regards to theories involving how the two appear to be father and son but the narrative never confirms it leading it to lack of potential in developing Squall while seeing his father's days.

## Creation

While previous games in the *Final Fantasy* franchise involved an ensemble cast, for *Final Fantasy VIII* the Square staff decided to create a story centered around a hero and the heroine according to director Yoshinori Kitase. The rest of the characters were created to support the relationship between the duo. Kazushige Nojima created Laguna and his scenario in response to negative feedback about *Final Fantasy VII* being too sad and having too many flashbacks. Laguna's scenes first appear to the audience as taking place in the same time frame as protagonist Squall Leonhart's story, before revealing that Laguna's stories happened in the past when the pair meet. Kitase later regretted this setup, as it meant that Laguna's scenes could not be set in a different setting than Squall's. In contrast to the characters in Squall's group who have problems understanding his personality, the characters of Kairos and Wald were written to understand Laguna and be friendly throughout all their interactions, even before Laguna could speak. This was based on the "love" theme Square wanted *Final Fantasy VIII* to explore. During the development of *Final Fantasy VIII*, character designer Tetsuya Nomura conceptualized several stories that would connect Laguna and Squall's paths, but they were dropped from the overall story.

Laguna's characterization was designed for him to do things that Squall was unable to, resulting in their opposite personalities with Laguna being friendly and Squall unsociable, though the developers made Squall's personality change over course the game as they feared player reactions if he remained cold. It is implied in the game that Laguna is Squall's father, but Square Enix has never confirmed this idea.

Nomura drew Laguna and Squall at the same time, intending the former to be written in the same fashion as previous *Final Fantasy* leads to contrast Squall. While the Nomura had no problems with his face, the artist had problems deciding what kind of outfit should he wear. He eventually proposed Laguna to stay by default as a soldier to contrast the protagonist who wore a high school uniform, setting different tones for their role in the series. The Laguna party members were designed to be very different individuals, so that they woudn't be overpowered by the main characters. Laguna and their friends' dynamic weas inspired by how developers from Squaresoft spoke. The difference also affected the groups that Laguna and Squall belong to; As Laguna and their friends are in their 20s, they remain as friendly fire forged soldiers and already start their stories as experienced. In contrast, Squall was a rookie who did not want to form friendships. Several scenes of Laguna's story were cut by Square. As a result, Kazushige Nojima expressed desire to make a new *Final Fantasy VIII* that would explore Laguna's life more.

Laguna Loire appears in *Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy*, where he is voiced by Hiroaki Hirata in Japanese and Armando Valdes-Kennedy in English. He is featured in his youthful *Final Fantasy VIII* appearance, as well as his older and Galbadian soldier forms. His knight costume is also available as downloadable content. Director Mitsunori Takahashi asked the developers to make the strongest weapon in "EX mode" a weapon that fires a wave motion gun. Hirata was chosen by Nomura to give him a "light" feel as he is older than Squall's even in his regular persona after working with him in *The 3rd Birthday*. He was also planned to appear in *Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep* as the head of Mirage Arena.

## Appearances

In the 1999 role-playing game *Final Fantasy VIII*, Laguna is a Galbadian soldier who wields machine gun, to perform attacks a alongside a swinging rope, a grenade, and a barrage of bullets. In the "dream segments" the protagonists suffer, he is shown to be a twenty-seven-year-old soldier in the Galbadian army who travels with his companions, Kiros Seagill and Ward Zabac. He is also an aspiring journalist. During the first two dream segments, Laguna and his team are shown getting lost and visiting the hotel where Julia Heartilly, Laguna's romantic interest, performs. Julia appears to respond to Laguna's feelings but war makes the two split.

After a scouting mission at Centra, Laguna and his friends are separated and Laguna is injured. A young woman named Raine nurses him back to health after he is brought to Winhill. During his time in Winhill, Laguna starts working as a monster hunter while taking after the young girl Ellone. It is eventually revealed Julia got married with another man but Laguna is interested into Raine. He falls in love with and marries her, but is drawn away from his new home when Ellone is kidnapped. Laguna tracks her down in Esthar, where he helps liberate the nation from the despotic rule of Sorceress Adel. The people of Esthar elect Laguna as their president and Ellone is sent back to Winhill without him. After Raine dies, her child, whom Ward and Kiros imply to be Squall in a conversation aboard the *Ragnarok* ship, and Ellone are sent to an orphanage. Laguna is unable to leave his post to visit her and remains president of Esthar to the present day. Ellone and Laguna are later reunited in space, and Laguna helps the Squall's part which Ellone took after prepare for their fight against Ultimecia. Following Ultimecia's defeat, Laguna visits his wife's grave, and reunites with his friends and Ellone again.

Outside *Final Fantasy VIII*, Laguna appears in fighting game *Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy*. In the story, Laguna is involved in the twelfth cycle of the eternal conflict between the gods Cosmos and Chaos, who have both summoned several warriors from different worlds Laguna and other *Final Fantasy* characters fight creatures known as Manikins. Though they succeed, Cosmos is reduced to a weakened state after using much of her power to diminish the Manikin army when they attempt to kill her and the Warrior of Light, They are successful, but the group disappears from Cosmos' side in the process.

## Reception

Laguna has been well-received by gamers and journalists from video game publications. He is ranked seventh in *Electronic Gaming Monthly*'s list of the top ten video game politicians. Ryan Clements and Colin Moriarty of *IGN* regarded Laguna as one of the best *Final Fantasy* characters as well as a standout character in *Final Fantasy VIII* due to his parallels to Squall's group, while in another article, writer Phil Pirello praised how his personality contrasts with that of the more stoic Squall. The same site also noticed that while Squall has more screentime than other characters for being protagonist, Laguna stands out thanks to "lovable goofball" persona as well as his career in politics. GameRant found him as a "charming" character who does not get the recognition he gets by players as across *Final Fantasy VIII*, he accomplishes several things and obtains peace thanks to becoming Esthar's president and noting how Julia's romance with him was never fully explored. *Dengeki Online* noted that Julia's romance scene can be improved by making Laguna more tolerant to alcohol which makes the original scene more enjoyable to watch. In another article, the website enjoyed Laguna's flashback for how he contrasts his nervousness over Julia with the cooler Squall and praised his own theme song that plays during his fight scenes.

There was also analysis about Laguna's role in the story and his hidden connection with Squall. In retrospect, *Polygon* said "Everything about Laguna is wildly endearing" citing one of his scenes where he attempts to flirt with his crush only to suffer from leg cramp and return to his friends ashamed. They came to regard him as Squall's opposite which comes across as hilarious since the protagonist thinks poorly of him before ever learning they are related. The fact that the game never reveals Laguna and Squall's connection confused the writer even though Laguna's adoptive daughter aims to connect these two. The game's ending reveals that Laguna marries another woman whom appears to further connects lineage between Laguna and Squall but the game does not confirm it. Kotaku had a deeper appreciation for Laguna's flashback as first time he wanted a deeper connection that expands the narrative. However, as he realized the Square staff wanted a subtle emotional impact, Laguna's healing days give a sense of nostalgia when is recovering from the war and reunites with Kiros. The writer went on to how it juxtaposes with Squall's side, showing how fates change. The fact that Laguna could be Squall's father give meaning for the protagonist to experience his father's days throughout his flashback and learn more about him. The writer from Kotaku further lamented how Laguna's flashbacks could have had a bigger emotional impact had the relationship between him and Squall was revealed in the story as the former appreciates his friends far more than Squall and was the original user of the Gunblade weapon for a play which Squall and his rival Seifer wield. Laguna's time as an actor was praised by *Dengeki Online* for how hilarious it was that he ends up accidentally facing a dragon while wielding a Gunblade in the same fashion as Seifer would be inspired by him. VentureBeat Laguna said highly overeshadowed Squall due to coming across as more likable character despite the tragedy he faces in *Final Fantasy VIII* such as the death of his wife and thus feels like a more fitting main character.

After designing serious, moody main characters for *Final Fantasy VII* and *VIII*, Tetsuya Nomura wanted to give *Final Fantasy X* lead Tidus a cheerful persona and appearance. Nojima called Tidus's personality "lively", and compared him to *Final Fantasy VIII*'s other cheerful characters including Laguna and Zell Dincht. In "The Monomyth Of A Seed: A Literary Analysis Of A Jrpg Character’s Hero Journey", Laguna Loire comes across of the protagonist's opposite based on their personalities and his flashbacks help to further help Squall's growth. Novelist Ben Hourigan mentioned in "You Need Love and Friendship For This Mission!" that while the *Final Fantasy* series struggles to deal with romantic plots to the audience appeal to concerned teenagers and especially *hikikomori*, Laguna's speech he gives to Squall's group about how to survive to Ultimecia's power that is directly addressed towards the consumers too which is further referenced by Director Yoshinori Kitase.

## InfoBox

| Laguna Loire | |
| --- | --- |
| *Final Fantasy* character | |
| Laguna Loire as drawn by Tetsuya Nomura | |
| First game | *Final Fantasy VIII* (1999) |
| Created by | Kazushige Nojima |
| Designed by | Tetsuya Nomura |
| Voiced by | **EN:**Armando Valdes-Kennedy<br>**JA:** Hiroaki Hirata |
| In-universe information | |
| Weapon | Machine gun |
| Home | Galbadia |


title: Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools

abstract: The Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools, called the RFK Community Schools, is a complex of public schools in Los Angeles, California. This was formerly the site of the Ambassador Hotel, the site of the June 1968 assassination of presidential candidate United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy. The school was designed for 4,200 students, which can be filled by students within a nine-block radius. The schools cost $578 million to build, making it the most expensive public school in the United States.

text:
# Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools

The **Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools**, called the RFK Community Schools, is a complex of public schools in Los Angeles, California. This was formerly the site of the Ambassador Hotel, the site of the June 1968 assassination of presidential candidate United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

The school was designed for 4,200 students, which can be filled by students within a nine-block radius. The schools cost 578 million to build, making it the most expensive public school in the United States.

## History and construction

The site was home to the Ambassador Hotel, the site of the June 1968 assassination of presidential candidate, United States senator from New York, and former U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.

Los Angeles Unified School District (known as LAUSD) had wanted to build a school on the site since the 1980s, but was met with resistance: real estate developer Donald Trump wanted to build the world's tallest building on the site, and Mayor Tom Bradley, Nate Holden, and LA's business community were strongly opposed to using the location as a school.

The hotel was razed in 2006. The new school, designed by the architects of Gonzalez Goodale, built a modern interpretation of the original hotel.

Along Wilshire Boulevard is a memorial pocket park to Robert F. Kennedy. The school itself is six stories, with a replica of the Cocoanut Grove nightclub.

The Los Angeles Conservancy fought the construction of RFK Community Schools for a long time. They had proposed a plan for a “small learning community” that would still preserve the Ambassador Hotel. On October 25, 2007, the Los Angeles Conservancy filed a lawsuit against LAUSD. The school board was not following the guidelines for construction that the LA Conservancy had expected. After the decision was voted on by the Board of Education, the president of the LA Conservancy stated that while the Ambassador Hotel was not saved, an agreement had been reached with LAUSD to preserve many other historical sites.

The complex features fine art murals and a marble memorial depicting the complex's namesake, a public park, a swimming pool and preservation of pieces of the original hotel. The site of the ballroom where Kennedy gave his last speech is now occupied by a school library, while the location of the pantry where he was fatally wounded is now a storage room.

Originally designed as a large comprehensive K-12 school that would have over 2,400 students, in 2008 LAUSD Local District 4 determined the facility would host wall-to-wall pilot schools – innovative small schools that have charter-like autonomy over their budget, curriculum and assessment, governance, schedule and staffing, but are part of the public school system.

Each pilot school has a social justice mission.

The commission's major recommendation called for a social justice theme to permeate the curriculum, extending from kindergarten through high school, that would reflect Senator Kennedy's commitment throughout his public life.

In 2010, two lawsuits were filed, alleging molestation of two children at New Open World Academy, one of the small schools at RFK that opened in 2009.

The five pilot high schools share the same athletic program and compete in high school sports as the RFK Bobcats.

## Reception

The project was originally conceived in 1991 by a group of ten grassroots community leaders, under the acronym of the L.A. CRUSADERS, including Lisa Sarno, Ronald Lazar and other respected neighborhood improvement organizers. Ronald Lazar met with two representatives of Donald Trump's organization. Ronald Lazar articulated the plan for the school and suggested Donald Trump seek a better location for the world's tallest building. The Trump Organization responded by changing their plans. Assemblyman Mike Roos and his chief aide, Michael Caccioti, arranged for the group to meet in a local church, where ideas were born, rallies were organized, and eventually resulted in an architectural model depicting the combination of schools, community green space, centralized social services, commercial space, low-cost housing and a solution to the expense of $200,000 annually spent on the daily bussing of thousands of students to schools as far away as North Hollywood. The L.A. CRUSADERS organized for busloads of community members to travel to the State Assembly in Sacramento, where they lobbied successfully for $53 million to purchase the site for the project in 1991. No one then could have anticipated the final cost of $565 million.

The school features a marble memorial depicting Robert F. Kennedy, a manicured public park, and a state-of-the-art swimming pool. Of these amenities, Ben Austin, executive director of Parent Revolution who sits on the California Board of Education, stated, "New buildings are nice, but when they're run by the same people who've given us a 50 percent dropout rate, they're a big waste of taxpayer money... Parents aren't fooled."

An Associated Press article called it a "Taj Mahal" school and reflected, "nearly 3,000 teachers have been laid off over the past two years, the academic year and programs have been slashed. The district also faces a $640 million shortfall and some schools persistently rank among the nation's lowest performing."

Sam Lubell of *The Architect's Newspaper* commented, "the overall design is not really rooted in anything except maybe the city’s obsession with loosely recreating the past," and "If anything it's a painful reminder of what was there before; an authentic piece of LA history that's been replaced by a loose nod to it. Much of its neighborhood, which was once one of Hollywood's most electric areas, has the same feeling."

This state-of-the-art facility consists of six different schools ranging from kindergarten to twelfth grade and enrolls 4,260 students. The construction cost per seat was $135,000. This is 40 percent higher than the other schools that were constructed in the central Los Angeles area over the past two years. While the school is the most expensive in LAUSD and the nation, the most expensive school per seat in LAUSD is the High School for the Visual and Performing Arts.

## Schools

## InfoBox

| Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 701 S. Catalina St.
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90005
United States | |
| Coordinates | 34°03′34″N 118°17′48″W / 34.059466°N 118.296586°W / 34.059466; -118.296586 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | September 2010 |
| School district | Los Angeles Unified School District |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | rfkschools-lausd-ca.schoolloop.com |


title: Robert S. Barton

abstract: Robert Stanley "Bob" Barton was the chief architect of the Burroughs B5000 and other computers such as the B1700, a co-inventor of dataflow architecture, and an influential professor at the University of Utah. His students at Utah have had a large role in the development of computer science. Barton designed machines at a more abstract level, not tied to the technology constraints of the time. He employed high-level languages and a stack machine in his design of the B5000 computer. Its design survives in the modern Unisys ClearPath MCP systems. His work with stack machine architectures was the first implementation in a mainframe computer. Barton died on January 28, 2009, in Portland, Oregon, aged 83.

text:
# Robert S. Barton

**Robert Stanley "Bob" Barton** (February 13, 1925 – January 28, 2009) was the chief architect of the Burroughs B5000 and other computers such as the B1700, a co-inventor of dataflow architecture, and an influential professor at the University of Utah.

His students at Utah have had a large role in the development of computer science.

Barton designed machines at a more abstract level, not tied to the technology constraints of the time. He employed high-level languages and a stack machine in his design of the B5000 computer. Its design survives in the modern Unisys ClearPath MCP systems. His work with stack machine architectures was the first implementation in a mainframe computer.

Barton died on January 28, 2009, in Portland, Oregon, aged 83.

## Career

Barton was born in New Britain, Connecticut in 1925 and received his BA in 1948, and his MS in 1949 in Mathematics, from the University of Iowa. His early experience with computers was when he worked in the IBM Applied Science Department in 1951.

In 1954, he joined the Shell Oil Company Technical Services, working on programming applications. He worked at Shell Development, a research group in Texas where he worked with a Burroughs/Datatron 205 computer. In 1958, he studied Irving Copi and Jan Łukasiewicz's work on symbolic logic and Polish notation, and considered its application to arithmetic expression processing on a computer.

Barton joined Burroughs Corporation, ElectroData Division, in Pasadena, California in the late 1950s. He managed a system programming group in 1959 which developed a compiler named BALGOL for the language ALGOL 58 on the Burroughs 220 computer.

In 1960, he became a consultant for Beckman Instruments working on data collection from satellite systems, for Lockheed Corporation working on satellite systems and organizing of data processing services, and for Burroughs continuing to work on the design concepts of the B5000.

After an assignment in Australia in 1963 for Control Data Corporation, he returned in 1965 to join the Computer Science staff of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Utah where, from 1968 to 1973, his colleagues included David C. Evans, Ivan Sutherland, and Thomas Stockham. His Ph.D. students at the University of Utah were Duane Call, cofounder of Computer System Architects; Alan Ashton, cofounder of WordPerfect; and Al Davis, University of Utah professor of computer science. Other Utah students that he influenced included: Alan Kay, James H. Clark cofounder of Silicon Graphics, John Warnock, cofounder of Adobe Systems, Ed Catmull of Pixar, Henri Gouraud (Gouraud shading) and Bui Tuong Phong (Phong shading).

After 1973, he devoted his full-time to Burroughs Systems Research in La Jolla, San Diego, California, working on new computer architectures and systems programming.

## Awards

* IEEE 1977 W. Wallace McDowell Award Recipient. *“For his innovative architectural computer concepts, such as stack processing, data stored with self-describing tags, and the direct execution of higher level languages, as embodied in the B-5000 and successor machines”*
* Barton was the first recipient of the ACM/IEEE Computer Society Eckert–Mauchly Award in 1979: *For his outstanding contributions in basing the design of computing systems on the hierarchical nature of programs and their data.*
* *Charter Computer Pioneer* by the IEEE Computer Society for his work in *Language Directed Architecture.*

## Selected papers

* Barton, Robert S. (January 1961). "Another (Nameless) Compiler for the Burroughs 220". *Communications of the ACM*. **4** (1): 0.11. doi:10.1145/366062.366070.
* Barton, Robert S. (May 1961). "A New Approach to the Functional Design of a Digital Computer". *NJCC Conference Proceedings*. 19th Joint Computer Conference, Los Angeles, California, May 9–11, 1961. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 393–396. doi:10.1145/1460690.1460736. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
* Barton, Robert S. (September 1961). "System Description for an Improved Information Processing Machine". *ACM Conference Proceedings*. 16th Association for Computing Machinery National Conference, Los Angeles, California, September 5–8, 1961. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 103.101–103.104. doi:10.1145/800029.808539.
* Barton, Robert S. (September 1961). "Functional Design of Computers". *Communications of the ACM*. **4** (9): 405. doi:10.1145/366696.366774. S2CID 47077103.
* Barton, Robert S. (May 1963). "A Critical Review of the State of the Programming Art". *AFIPS Conference Proceedings*. 23rd Joint Computer Conference, Detroit, Michigan, May 21–23, 1963. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 169–177. doi:10.1145/1461551.1461574. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
* Barton, Robert S. (December 1969). "Ideas for Computer Systems Organization: A Personal Survey". *Software Engineering*. 3rd Computer and Information Sciences Conference, Miami Beach, Florida, December 18–20, 1969. Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press. pp. 7–16. ISBN 9780323157445. Retrieved 2020-12-07.

## Quotes

"Systems programmers are the high priests of a low cult." (1967)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Robert S. Barton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1925-02-13)February 13, 1925
New Britain, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | January 28, 2009(2009-01-28) (aged 83)
Portland, Oregon, U.S. |
| Alma mater | State University of Iowa |
| Known for | Burroughs B5000
Stack machine |
| Awards | IEEE W. Wallace McDowell Award
IEEE-ACM Eckert–Mauchly Award (first recipient)
IEEE Computer Pioneer Award (charter recipient) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer science
Mathematics |
| Institutions | University of Utah
Burroughs
Innovations & Inventions |
| Doctoral students | Alan Ashton
Alan Davis |
|  | |


title: Government of Stability (Albania)

abstract: The Bufi Government better known as the Government of Stability was an interim government formed after the resignation of the previous Nano government due to the aggravated situation in the country after the events of 2 April 1991 where 4 opposition supporters were killed in Shkodër during a anti-communist protest that led to the burning of the Shkodra Labor Party Committee. The Nano government resigned on 4 June 1991, and the next day the then-President Ramiz Alia, began negotiations to form a comprehensive government whose main objective would be to restore stability to the country, from which it took the name "Stability Government". Ylli Bufi was accepted also by the opposition to be appointed as Prime Minister, while one of the most prominent figures of the Democratic Party, such as Gramoz Pashko, was appointed Deputy Prime Minister.

text:
# Government of Stability (Albania)

The **Bufi Government** better known as the **Government of Stability** (Albanian: *Qeveria e Stabilitetit*) was an interim government formed after the resignation of the previous Nano government due to the aggravated situation in the country after the events of 2 April 1991 where 4 opposition supporters were killed in Shkodër during a anti-communist protest that led to the burning of the Shkodra Labor Party Committee. The Nano government resigned on 4 June 1991, and the next day the then-President Ramiz Alia, began negotiations to form a comprehensive government whose main objective would be to restore stability to the country, from which it took the name "Stability Government". Ylli Bufi was accepted also by the opposition to be appointed as Prime Minister, while one of the most prominent figures of the Democratic Party, such as Gramoz Pashko, was appointed Deputy Prime Minister.

## Background

The Labor Party had won the 31 March 1991 parliamentary elections, which were also supposed to bring about a change in the system of government from dictatorship to democracy. But it was the party that had ruled for 45 years that won over 2/3 of Parliament. However, the Democratic Party and its allies had won in the main cities of the country by providing greater support to the most educated people. During the two Nano governments in Albania, strikes began that culminated in a hunger strike by Valias miners in Tirana. The country was embroiled in unrest and then-President Ramiz Alia agreed to form a joint PPSH-PD government with a prime minister from the main political force, on the condition that a year later there would be early elections.

Meanwhile, the Labour Party organizes its congress on 12 June 1991 and announces the establishment of the Socialist Party. Fatos Nano was elected chairman of the party.

Berisha, dissatisfied with the work of the government, was afraid of the fact that the Democrats could lose the support of the people and be considered responsible for the difficult situation in the country. On 26 November 1991, the National Council of the Democratic Party submitted 4 demands as conditions for its stay in government:

* Arrest of the so-called *Bllokmens* (including Nexhmije Hoxha)
* Dismissal of the general director of RTSH
* Finding the culprits for the April 2 murders in Shkodër
* Bring the election date closer

On 4 December, Berisha ousted Democratic ministers from the government and the Stability Government resigned. Neritan Ceka, at the time deputy chairman of the Democratic Party, left the party accusing Sali Berisha of using undemocratic means to overthrow the government. He called the removal of Democratic ministers from the government "a resignation from a historic responsibility."

## Cabinet

The government held office from 11 June 1991 until 6 December 1991 and there were no cabinet changes. Despite the fact that the negotiations started with the agreement between the Democratic Party and the Labor Party, the day after the formation of the government was held the Labor Party Congress, in which was decided the establishment of the Socialist Party and practically the dissolution of its predecessor. The members of the government proposed by the Labor Party were all included in the new party. Ylli Bufi's government had a total of 19 cabinet members and 4 secretaries of state, while Gramoz Pashko simultaneously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy.

| Portfolio | Minister | Tookoffice | Leftoffice | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Prime Minister | Ylli Bufi | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Gramoz Pashko | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Zyhdi Pepa | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Finances | Genc Ruli | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Ministry of Public Order | Bajram Yzeri | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Defence | Perikli Teta | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Muhamet Kapllani | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Justice | Shefqet Muçi | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PSD |
| Ministry of Economy | Gramoz Pashko | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Ministry of Education | Maqo Lakrori | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Agriculture | Nexhmedin Dumani | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Construction | Emin Musliu | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Ministry of Health | Sabit Brokaj | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports | Preç Zogaj | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Ministry of Transport | Fatos Bitincka | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PR |
| Ministry of Mining Resources and Energy | Drini Mezini | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Industry | Jordan Misja | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Minister of Food | Vilson Ahmeti | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |
| Ministry of Domestic Trade and Tourism | Agim Mero | 12 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PD |
| Minister of Foreign Economic Relations | Fatos Nano | 12 June 1991 | 17 June 1991 |  | PS |
| | Ylli Çabiri | 17 June 1991 | 6 December 1991 |  | PS |

## Sources

* Bufi, Ylli (2016), *Në fillimet e tranzicionit: Qeveria e stabilitetit, një marrëveshje politike apo një kompromis i përkohshëm?* (in Albanian), Uet Press, ISBN 978-9928-190-75-8
* Dervishi, Kastriot (2005), *Historia e shtetit shqiptar 1912–2005: organizimi shtetëror, jeta politike, ngjarjet kryesore, të gjithë ligjvënësit, ministrat dhe kryetarët e shtetit shqiptar në historinë 93-vjeçare të tij* (in Albanian), Shtëpia Botuese 55, OCLC 123286739
* "Official Gazette of the Republic of Albania". *Center of Official Publications* (in Albanian).

1. Binder, David; Times, Special To the New York (1991-04-03). "Albanian Troops Kill 3 Protesters and Wound 30". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
2. "Basha Remembers 30thAnniversary of 'Shkodra Massacre'". *Albania Daily News*. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
3. "Kabineti Bufi dhe Fino, ja dy qeveritë teknike që ka pasur Shqipëria". *Shekulli*. 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
4. Çela, Blerim (2010). *Deformimi i Partisë Demokratike* (in Albanian). Tirana: Toena. ISBN 9789994315123.
5. Dawisha, Karen; Parrott, Bruce (1997-06-13). *Politics, Power and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe*. Cambridge University Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-521-59733-3.
6. Zogaj, Preç (2014). *Fillimet* (in Albanian) (2nd ed.). UET Press. p. 349. ISBN 9789928190185.
7. Sudetic, Chuck (1991-06-13). "Albania Appoints a Non-Communist Cabinet". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-14.

## InfoBox

| Government of Stability
Qeveria e Stabilitetit | |
| --- | --- |
|
52nd Government of Albania | |
| June–December 1991 | |
| Date formed | 12 June 1991 (1991-06-12) |
| Date dissolved | 6 December 1991 (1991-12-06) (178 days) |
| People and organisations | |
| President | Ramiz Alia |
| Prime Minister | Ylli Bufi |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Gramoz Pashko
Zydi Pepa |
| No. of ministers | 19 |
| Total no. of members | 25 |
| Member parties | PS,   PD,   PR,   PSD,   PA |
| Status in legislature | Interim government |
| History | |
| Outgoing election | 1991 election |
| Legislature term | Constitutional Assembly |
| Incoming formation | 5 June 1991 Agreement |
| Predecessor | Nano II Government |
| Successor | Technical Government |


abstract: The office of the Minister of State for Standards and Services is a department of the Albanian Government that in cooperation with other responsible institutions, drafts, coordinates and implements state policies aimed at high standards of public services, which improve the lives of Albanian citizens. These policies facilitate the provision of public services by ensuring their quality, affordability and increase effectiveness which guarantee access to all citizens who receive public services. The current minister is Milva Ekonomi.

text:
# Ministry of State for Standards and Services (Albania)

The office of the **Minister of State for Standards and Services** (Albanian: *Ministër i Shtetit për Standartet dhe Shërbimet*) is a department of the Albanian Government that in cooperation with other responsible institutions, drafts, coordinates and implements state policies aimed at high standards of public services, which improve the lives of Albanian citizens. These policies facilitate the provision of public services by ensuring their quality, affordability and increase effectiveness which guarantee access to all citizens who receive public services. The current minister is Milva Ekonomi.

## InfoBox

Minister of State for Standards and Services
| Ministër i Shtetit për Standartert dhe Shërbimet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Department overview | |
| Formed | 18 September 2021 |
| Jurisdiction | Council of Ministers |
| Headquarters | Tirana, Albania |
| Minister responsible |  |


title: Cheng Yu-hsuan

abstract: Cheng Yu-hsuan, also sometimes known as Kevin Cheng is a Taiwanese professional pool player, representing Chinese Taipei. Yu-Hsuan reached world number 1 in 9-Ball in 2016, following winning U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships in 2015. He also reached the semi-finals of the 2016 WPA World Nine-ball Championship; where he would lose to Shane Van Boening 11–9.

text:
# Cheng Yu-hsuan

**Cheng Yu-hsuan**, also sometimes known as **Kevin Cheng** (Born 2 May 1988) is a Taiwanese professional pool player, representing Chinese Taipei. Yu-Hsuan reached world number 1 in 9-Ball in 2016, following winning U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships in 2015. He also reached the semi-finals of the 2016 WPA World Nine-ball Championship; where he would lose to Shane Van Boening 11–9.

## Achievements

## InfoBox

Cheng Yu-Hsung
| Born | (1988-05-02) 2 May 1988 |
| --- | --- |
| Sport country | Chinese Taipei |
| Pool games | 9-Ball |
| Best finish | Semi finals 2016 WPA World Nine-ball Championship |
| Tournament wins | |
| Major | U.S. Open 9-Ball Championship (2015) |


title: The Green Fog

abstract: The Green Fog is an experimental film directed by Guy Maddin, Evan Johnson and Galen Johnson, that loosely revisits the plot of Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film Vertigo through a collage of found footage repurposed from old movies and television shows set in San Francisco. The film was commissioned by the San Francisco Film Society for the 60th San Francisco International Film Festival’s and premiered at the festival's close on April 16, 2017. It then entered limited release on January 5, 2018 and began to tour international festivals.The film features an original score by composer Jacob Garchik and Kronos Quartet.

text:
# The Green Fog

***The Green Fog*** is an experimental film directed by Guy Maddin, Evan Johnson and Galen Johnson, that loosely revisits the plot of Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film *Vertigo* through a collage of found footage repurposed from old movies and television shows set in San Francisco. The film was commissioned by the San Francisco Film Society for the 60th San Francisco International Film Festival’s and premiered at the festival's close on April 16, 2017. It then entered limited release on January 5, 2018 and began to tour international festivals.The film features an original score by composer Jacob Garchik and Kronos Quartet.

## Festivals

*The Green Fog* was selected to screen at the following film festivals:

## Awards

*The Green Fog* was nominated for the C.I.C.A.E. Award at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2018, and has won the following awards:

* 2018 Golden Lady Harimaguada (Best Film), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Festival Internacional De Cine
* 2018—Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, The Douglas Edwards Experimental Film Award

## Critical reception

The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews, with review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reporting a 95% approval score from critics based on 22 reviews. Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from film critics, posts a rating score of 78 based on 10 reviews.

While the film has not received any negative reviews, *New York Times* critic Ben Kenigsberg, noted Maddin's "slight arrogance in presuming that one of the greatest films of all time \[Hitchcock's *Vertigo* ...\] could be approximated, even a little, using clips from lesser directors" but also notes that "if trying to recreate a lost object of obsession from the materials at hand was Hitchcock’s subject, then he couldn’t ask for a more fitting tribute" and calls the movie " a marvel of film scholarship."

Ty Burr, writing for the *Boston Globe*, called the film "eerie, witty, and unexpectedly moving" and compared it to Christian Marclay's installation film *The Clock*. Critics also noted that, in addition to serving as a tribute to Hitchcock's *Vertigo* and a method of deconstructing its own self-critical aspects (which Maddin has discussed in interviews), the film pays homage to the city of San Francisco and its stature in film history, serving as "a scrambled history of San Francisco told through moving pictures."

## InfoBox

| The Green Fog | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Guy Maddin
Evan Johnson
Galen Johnson |
| Edited by | Evan Johnson
Galen Johnson |
| Production
company | Development Ltd. |
| Distributed by | Balcony Booking (USA) |
| Release date | * April 16, 2017 (2017-04-16) (San Francisco International Film Festival) |
| Running time | 63 min |
| Country | Canada/USA |
| Language | English |


title: The House of the Dead (1978 film)

abstract: The House of the Dead is a 1978 American anthology horror film directed by Sharron Miller, and the only feature film Miller has directed. The film's ensemble cast includes John Ericson, Ivor Francis, Judith Novgrod, Burr DeBenning, Charles Aidman, Bernard Fox, and Richard Gates, along with Elizabeth MacRae, Linda Gibboney, Leslie Paxton, and John King. It consists of four short stories built into a frame narrative about a man who takes refuge from a rainstorm in the residence of a mortician, with the four stories relating the fates of four corpses in the mortician's care.

text:
# The House of the Dead (1978 film)

***The House of the Dead*** (also known as ***Alien Zone***) is a 1978 American anthology horror film directed by Sharron Miller, and the only feature film Miller has directed. The film's ensemble cast includes John Ericson, Ivor Francis, Judith Novgrod, Burr DeBenning, Charles Aidman, Bernard Fox, and Richard Gates, along with Elizabeth MacRae, Linda Gibboney, Leslie Paxton, and John King. It consists of four short stories built into a frame narrative about a man who takes refuge from a rainstorm in the residence of a mortician, with the four stories relating the fates of four corpses in the mortician's care.

## Plot

An adulterous man named Talmudge finds himself lost in a rainstorm on his way back to his hotel. He is invited indoors from the rain by a mortician, who tells Talmudge that he acquires and embalms the bodies of people who experienced interesting and unique deaths. The mortician shows Talmudge several caskets, and details the fates of each of their occupants.

The first casket contains the body of Miss Sibiler, a school teacher who had a disdain for children. She is shown seemingly alone at home in her kitchen, where she turns on a radio and hears a mysterious noise coming from elsewhere. She investigates the sound to no avail, and upon returning to the kitchen, notices that the radio has been turned off. She goes upstairs to shower, and sees a silhouette through the shower curtain. Panicked, she closes and locks the doors and windows in her house. She is then confronted by three masked children, and initially believes that they have been playing a prank on her. However, more children enter her home, and remove their masks to reveal sharp teeth. They surround Miss Sibiler and maul her to death.

The second coffin holds the body of Growski, a man who had an affinity for cameras and photography. He is shown filming himself in his home, having invited a woman named Julie over for dinner. He convinces Julie, who is unaware that a camera is recording them, to remove her stockings so that he may perform a magic trick with them. He instead uses them to fatally choke her. He is then seen with a woman named Carol, who notices that the camera is running. He subdues her with a chokehold before strangling her with a cable. Finally, he is seen with Mrs. Lumquist, whom he stabs when she attempts to call a taxi to take her home. The mortician says that Growski was executed for the murders a year later, and that the state did not allow photographs to be taken at his execution.

The third story concerns Detective Malcolm Toliver, said to be the best criminal investigator in the United States, and Inspector McDowal, the greatest in England. The two egotistical sleuths are competing for the title of the world's leading criminologist. While having dinner together, Toliver receives a unsigned note telling him that someone he knows will die in three days, and that he is the only person who can prevent it. McDowal asks to follow Toliver along on this new case so that he may observe his methods, and Toliver agrees. Eventually, Toliver invites McDowal to his home to reveal his conclusion—that he, himself, is the intended victim, and that McDowal is the killer. McDowal shoots him, but Toliver, wearing a bulletproof vest, remarks that he solved the case two days prior, and activates a blade that impales McDowal. Toliver then opens McDowal's briefcase, which contains a timed explosive. The mortician possesses McDowal's body, and discloses that Toliver's body was too fragmented to be buried.

The fourth story follows an insensitive office worker named Cantwell. After dismissing the plight of a homeless man, Cantwell enters an empty store, and is unable to open the doors that lead back outside. He explores the place and is almost crushed in an elevator shaft. He becomes trapped in the building, and is subjected to mental and physical anguish, with only alcohol to drink. Eventually, an exit appears, and Cantwell wanders back into the outside world. Dirty and bloodied, Cantwell approaches a businessman who disregards him before entering the building himself. The mortician explains that Cantwell ultimately died in a gutter from a rotten liver.

Talmudge notices a fifth casket, which is empty. The mortician says that it belongs to someone who practiced infidelity. He then reveals that he knows Talmudge's name, and refers to him as a client of his. Frightened, Talmudge runs away, and is cornered in an alley and shot by the husband of a woman whom Talmudge was intimate with. Talmudge is loaded into an ambulance, and the mortician is shown sitting in the passenger's seat.

## Cast

* John Ericson as Talmudge
* Ivor Francis as The Mortician / A Good Feller
* Judith Novgrod as Miss Sibiler
* Burr DeBenning as Growski
* Charles Aidman as Detective Malcolm Toliver
* Bernard Fox as Inspector McDowal
* Richard Gates as Cantwell
* Elizabeth MacRae as Mrs. Lumquist
* Linda Gibboney as Julie
* Leslie Paxton as Marie
* John King as Marie's Husband
* Stefanie Auerbach as Carol
* Bo Byers as Growski Detective #1
* David O'Malley as Growski Detective #2
* Robert Telford as Maitre'd
* Michael Colley as Stan
* Gary Willis as Magazine Store Owner
* Robert J. Mildfelt as Cantwell Businessman
* Ben Smalley as Hanging Man
* Evan Tonsing as Newsstand Attendant

## Production

*The House of the Dead* was filmed under the working title *Five Faces of Terror*, with the help of non-unionized broadcasting students from Oklahoma State University. It was shot entirely on location in Oklahoma, in the cities of Ponca City, Yale, and Stillwater. It was financed by businessmen Leroy and Marvin Boehs, and had a budget of $685,000. The film's special effects were handled by Harry Woolman.

## Critical reception

Jim Hemphill of *Filmmaker* called the film "obscure but quite interesting", and wrote that it has "an impressive consistency of tone thanks to Miller's superb direction of her actors and her deft manipulation of the audience through sophisticated blocking and camera movement." He recommended it as "a great title to check out for Halloween if you want something a little off the established path." Brian Orndorf of Blu-ray.com referred to the film as "a strange assortment of half-realized chapters", writing that it "doesn't value character detail, only giving viewers the basics in temperament before moving on to the next piece of business." However, he noted that "it's not a total loss, especially for cult movie fans \[...\] who don't mind some sizable leaps in logic and limited connective tissue."

## Home media

In July 2018, the film was restored in 2K and released on DVD and Blu-ray by Vinegar Syndrome.

## InfoBox

| The House of the Dead | |
| --- | --- |
| Dutch-language release poster | |
| Directed by | Sharron Miller |
| Screenplay by | David O'Malley |
| Produced by | William Jackson |
| Starring | John Ericson
Ivor Francis
Judith Novgrod
Burr DeBenning
Charles Aidman
Bernard Fox
Richard Gates |
| Cinematography | Ken Gibb |
| Edited by | Steve Michael
Sharron Miller |
| Music by | Stan V. Worth |
| Production
company | Myriad Cinema International |
| Release date | * 1978 (1978) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $685,000 |


title: The Greatness and Perfection of Love

abstract: "The Greatness and Perfection of Love" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Julian Cope. It is the second single released in support of his first album World Shut Your Mouth. The album version of the song is simply titled "Greatness and Perfection".

text:
# The Greatness and Perfection of Love

"**The Greatness and Perfection of Love**" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Julian Cope. It is the second single released in support of his first album *World Shut Your Mouth*. The album version of the song is simply titled "Greatness and Perfection".

## Formats and track listing

All songs written by Julian Cope.

UK 7" single (MER 155) 1. "The Greatness and Perfection of Love" \[remix\]
2. "24a Velocity Crescent"

UK 12" single (MERX 155) 1. "The Greatness and Perfection of Love" \[remix\]
2. "24a Velocity Crescent"
3. "Pussyface"

## Chart positions

| Chart (1984) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles Chart | 52 |
|

## InfoBox

| "The Greatness and Perfection of Love" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Julian Cope | |
| from the album  *World Shut Your Mouth* | |
| B-side | "24a Velocity Crescent" |
| Released | 1984 (1984) |
| Genre | Neo-psychedelia |
| Length | 3:16 |
| Label | Mercury |
| Songwriter(s) | Julian Cope |
| Producer(s) | Stephen Lipson, Steve Lovell, Phil Thornalley |
| Julian Cope singles chronology | |
| "Sunshine Playroom"
(1983) "**The Greatness and Perfection of Love**"
(1984) "Sunspots"
(1985) | |


title: The Holcroft Covenant

abstract: The Holcroft Covenant is a 1978 thriller novel by Robert Ludlum. In 1985 it was made into a film of the same name.

text:
# The Holcroft Covenant

***The Holcroft Covenant*** is a 1978 thriller novel by Robert Ludlum. In 1985 it was made into a film of the same name.

## Plot

The novel concerns Noel Holcroft, New York City architect and secretly (and unknown to Noel prior to the events of the novel) the son of Heinrich Clausen, chief economic adviser to the Third Reich. At some point in the 1970s, Holcroft is contacted by the Grande Banque de Geneve, concerning his father's will and testament. The testament says that in the last half of the war, Clausen found out about the Holocaust. Horrified and desperate to make amends, he and his two friends stole vast amounts of money from thousands of individual sources throughout the Reich and funneled them into a secure account in Zurich, Switzerland. Now, if Holcroft will contact the children of the two friends, they can form a group to distribute the funds and alleviate some of the pain of the Holocaust.

Ranged against him in this noble endeavor is the last trace of the Third Reich: the children of *Projekt Sonnenkinder*. In the dying days of the war, a vast search went out throughout Germany. The children of Germany's finest, those without physical and psychological frailties, were sent to isolated hamlets all over the world by airplane and U-boat. They were raised, provided for, and indoctrinated. Those who showed promise were inducted into the conspiracy by their elders; those that weren't were "removed." They have waited thirty years for the funds so as to finally take over the world. Their leader, the Tinamou, is the world's deadliest assassin.

As Holcroft attempts to carry out what he believes to be the noble, secret mission of his biological father, he is continuously blindsided as good guys turn out to be bad guys, bad guys turn out to be good guys, and Holcroft, who has no training whatsoever in intelligence and espionage, is forced to learn on the job.

## Background

Ludlum says the novel was inspired by a "what if" question. "What if Nazi children at the end of World War Two were being saved so that in the next generation they could revive the Third Reich? British intelligence had traced down the rumour and found it false. But that didn't stop me spinning it out into a story. You can call me a paranoiac if you like. But what I basically am is a skeptic."

## Reception

The *Los Angeles Times* called it a "rivetting, suspense-filled read." The novel was a best seller.

## Publication history

## InfoBox

The Holcroft Covenant
| First edition (UK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert Ludlum |
| Cover artist | John Knights |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Espionage |
| Publisher | Granada (UK)<br>Richard Marek (US) |
| Publication date | July 27, 1978 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 494 pp *(first edition)* |
| ISBN | 0-246-11048-1 |
| OCLC | 59182171 |


title: The Hand of Franklin

abstract: The Hand of Franklin is a 2015 Canadian documentary film by Frank Wolf that follows a four-person team attempting to row the Northwest Passage in order to shed light on climate change in the Arctic. The film won the award for 'Best Documentary Feature' at the 2016 Ramunas Atelier International Film Awards, won for 'Best Canadian Film' at the 2015 Vancouver International Mountain Film Festival (VIMFF) and won the 'Adventure Award' at the 2016 San Francisco International Ocean Film Festival. It features music by Peirson Ross, The Cyrillic Typewriter, Sylvia Cloutier and Madeleine Allakariallak and airs in Canada on CBC's documentary channel.

text:
# The Hand of Franklin

***The Hand of Franklin*** is a 2015 Canadian documentary film by Frank Wolf that follows a four-person team attempting to row the Northwest Passage in order to shed light on climate change in the Arctic. The film won the award for 'Best Documentary Feature' at the 2016 Ramunas Atelier International Film Awards, won for 'Best Canadian Film' at the 2015 Vancouver International Mountain Film Festival (VIMFF) and won the 'Adventure Award' at the 2016 San Francisco International Ocean Film Festival. It features music by Peirson Ross, The Cyrillic Typewriter, Sylvia Cloutier and Madeleine Allakariallak and airs in Canada on CBC's *documentary* channel.


title: The Haunted Manor (film)

abstract: The Haunted Manor is a silent drama film released in 1916. It was produced by Gaumont Film Company and released through the Mutual Film Company. Filming took place in Jacksonville and St. Augustine, Florida. It was directed by Edwin Middleton. Part of the movie plot is set in India. It is the first film known to include Earl Schenck.

text:
# The Haunted Manor (film)

***The Haunted Manor*** is a silent drama film released in 1916. It was produced by Gaumont Film Company and released through the Mutual Film Company. Filming took place in Jacksonville and St. Augustine, Florida. It was directed by Edwin Middleton. Part of the movie plot is set in India.

It is the first film known to include Earl Schenck.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Haunted Manor | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Edwin Middleton |
| Written by | C. A. Nelson |
| Starring | Buck Jones
Shirley Grey
Robert Ellis |
| Production
company | Gaumont Film Company |
| Distributed by | Mutual Film Corporation |
| Release date | * April 3, 1916 (1916-04-03) |
| Running time | 5 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Journals of Susanna Moodie

abstract:
The Journals of Susanna Moodie is a book of poetry by Margaret Atwood, first published in 1970. In the book, Atwood adopts the voice of Susanna Moodie, a noted early Canadian writer, and attempts to imagine and convey Moodie's feelings about life in the Canada of her era. The book separates into three separate journals, which cover her arrival in 1832 to a post-death narration ending in 1969.
Journal One is from 1832–1840, Journal Two encompasses 1841–1870, and Journal Three continues on until 1969, wherein a dead Susanna Moodie comments on twentieth century Canada. The book was later republished in 1997 with a new series of illustrations by artist Charles Pachter.

text:
# The Journals of Susanna Moodie

***The Journals of Susanna Moodie*** is a book of poetry by Margaret Atwood, first published in 1970.

In the book, Atwood adopts the voice of Susanna Moodie, a noted early Canadian writer, and attempts to imagine and convey Moodie's feelings about life in the Canada of her era. The book separates into three separate journals, which cover her arrival in 1832 to a post-death narration ending in 1969. Journal One is from 1832–1840, Journal Two encompasses 1841–1870, and Journal Three continues on until 1969, wherein a dead Susanna Moodie comments on twentieth century Canada.

The book was later republished in 1997 with a new series of illustrations by artist Charles Pachter.

Atwood, Margaret (1970). *The Journals of Susanna Moodie*. Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-540169-1.


title: The Headleys at Home

abstract: The Headleys at Home is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Chris Beute and starring Evelyn Venable, Grant Mitchell and Vince Barnett.

text:
# The Headleys at Home

***The Headleys at Home*** is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Chris Beute and starring Evelyn Venable, Grant Mitchell and Vince Barnett.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999

## InfoBox

| The Headleys at Home | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Chris Beute |
| Written by | Carrington North (play)
William Miles (play)
Nicholas Bella |
| Produced by | Harvey C. Leavitt
B.W. Richards |
| Starring | Evelyn Venable
Grant Mitchell
Vince Barnett |
| Cinematography | Harry Forbes |
| Edited by | Holbrook N. Todd |
| Production
company | Standard Pictures |
| Distributed by | Standard Pictures |
| Release date | * November 1, 1938 (1938-11-01) |
| Running time | 69 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Herald (Plymouth)

abstract: The Herald is a Reach plc newspaper serving Plymouth. Its website and social media were rebranded as Plymouth Live in 2018.

text:
# The Herald (Plymouth)

***The Herald*** is a Reach plc newspaper serving Plymouth. Its website and social media were rebranded as *Plymouth Live* in 2018.

The newspaper's average circulation was 3,872 in the second half of 2023, made up of 2,978 paid-for single issues and 894 paid subscriptions.

*The Herald* is published six days a week, Monday to Saturday, and has a single edition. It is owned by Reach plc, formerly known as Trinity Mirror.

Its sister titles include the *Express & Echo* in Exeter, the *Herald Express* in Torquay and the *Western Morning News*.

Over 80% of the local adult population in the Plymouth region were said to use *The Herald's* website in 2013.

In 2018, *The Herald's* website was rebranded as *Plymouth Live* by Reach plc.

Its sister websites are *Devon Live* and *Cornwall Live*.

*Plymouth Live* is active on social media, regularly posting breaking news, pictures and videos on its Facebook, Twitter. and Instagram pages

It has 217,000 followers on Facebook, 81,200 followers on X, and 28,000 followers on Instagram.

*The Herald's* print team is run by editor Claire Ainsworth.

## History

The history of the *Herald* stretches back to 2 pm on Monday 22 April 1895 when the *Western Evening Herald* was launched as Plymouth's first evening newspaper. Various other newspapers had come and gone in Plymouth in the preceding 100 years. The *WEH* was published by the owners of the *Western Daily Mercury*. It was then bought by Sir Leicester Harmsworth in 1921 — a year after he bought the *Western Morning News* company — and was renamed *The Evening Herald and Western Evening News* on 17 September 1923. On 24 May 1924, the name was changed again to the *Western Evening Herald and Western Evening News*.

After changing format to tabloid in 1987, the title changed again to the *Evening Herald*, becoming simply *The Herald* in October 2006 when its print deadline shifted from midmorning (between 9 am and 11 am) to 1 am to accommodate the 120-mile distribution journey to Plymouth after printing was transferred to Weymouth in Dorset.

Alan Clark, the Conservative MP for Plymouth Sutton from 1974 to 1992, dismissed the people of Plymouth as "believing everything they read in the *Herald*".

In 2012, Local World acquired owner Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust.

## InfoBox

The Herald
| Front page of the 3 July 2007 edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Reach plc |
| Editor | Clare Ainsworth |
| Founded | 1895 |
| Headquarters | Plymouth |
| Circulation | 3,872 (as of 2023) |
| Sister newspapers | *Western Morning News*
*Express & Echo*
*Herald Express* |
| Website | plymouthherald.co.uk |


title: The Herald (Nigeria)

abstract: The Herald is a Nigerian digital newspaper and magazine established by the Kwara State Government in 1973, ranked among the best-selling newspapers in the 1970s and 1980s.

text:
# The Herald (Nigeria)

***The Herald*** is a Nigerian digital newspaper and magazine established by the Kwara State Government in 1973, ranked among the best-selling newspapers in the 1970s and 1980s.

## History

Established in 1973, *The Herald* has correspondents in Kaduna, Kano, Kogi and Abuja. Falilat Adetoun Olaoye and Clement Adeboye was appointed the general manager of The Herald and Yomi Adeboye as editor in 2020. The newspaper is state-owned. *The Herald* is published by Kwara State Printing and Publishing Corporation.

## Editors

* Adedoyin (former)
* Mahmoud (former)
* Falilat Adetoun Olaoye
* Yomi Adeboye
* John Ogunsemore (Senior Editor)

## Controversies

In 2019, the three state-owned media bodies including *The Herald* newspaper, Radio Kwara and Kwara Television Service faced operational difficulties due to financial challenges. *The Herald* staff conducted a peaceful protest over "poor working conditions".

In 2020, the Kwara state governor, AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq fired general managers of the three state-owned media bodies including *The Herald* newspaper, Radio Kwara and Kwara Television Service.

## InfoBox

The Herald
| Type of site | News, Entertainment, Politics |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English |
| Founded | 1973 (1973) |
| Headquarters | Kwara State, Nigeria |
| Area served | Nigeria |
| URL | www.herald.ng |
| Launched | 1973 |
| Current status | Active |
| Written in | HTML, CSS, JavaScript |


title: The Hour Before My Brother Dies

abstract: The Hour Before My Brother Dies is a 1986 Australian telemovie.

text:
# The Hour Before My Brother Dies

***The Hour Before My Brother Dies*** is a 1986 Australian telemovie.

## Plot

Sally visits her brother Martin in prison where he awaits execution for murder. During the visit, the two are quickly drawn back to a hot summer's New Year's Eve night of many years ago.

## Cast

## Production

The film was based on Daniel Keene's 1986 play of the same name.

## Reception

The Age's Barbara Hooks wrote "I was often intrigued, but also often fidgety. It is all so intense, passionate and drawn out that when Rhonda Wilson put on her coat to leave, the response was relief, as if she was a visitor who had begun to outstay her welcome. I could, however, only admire the strength of the performances." Anna Murdoch of the Age gave it a positive review writing "There are a lot of fine things about The Hour Before My Brother Dies, the most important being its atmosphere, and an undeniable sexual chemistry between Hehir and Wilson. The language is powerful and well delivered." Garrie Hutchinson, also in the Age, calls it "one of the most absorbing pieces of television made in this country." The Sydney Morning Herald's Yvette Steinhauer says "Emotions frequently reach snapping point and both Wilson and Hehir excel in their demanding roles wherein each word is laden with pent-up aggression and recriminations."

## InfoBox

| *The Hour Before My Brother Dies* | |
| --- | --- |
| Based on | play by Daniel Keene |
| Written by | Daniel Keene |
| Directed by | James Clayden |
| Starring | Peter Hehir
Rhonda Wilson
Reg Evans |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Producer | Noel Price |
| Production company | ABC |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | 3 October 1986 (1986-10-03) |


title: The Law and the McLaughlins

abstract: The Law and the McLaughlins is a 1936 novel by Margaret Wilson first published by Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. It was a sequel to her earlier Pulitzer-prize winning The Able McLaughlins. Wilson has modified the names of two of the characters from the first McLaughlin novel, from Wully to Willy and from Christie to Kirstie. The story begins 6 months after the end of the first novel in December 1868. Two men have been found lynched. The story follows the attempts of the community to bring their murderers to justice, intertwined with the stories of Willy and his sister Jean and their reactions to the community's thirst for justice. Wilson had authored a critique of the American justice system in 1931 called The Crime of Punishment and its concerns inform her second McLaughlin novel. As the settlers contend with punishing vigilantes and establishing a traditional system of justice, the character of Jean represents a feminist and reformer's voice in contrast to "the severity of men's justice." A lengthy review in The New York Times called it "this almost heroically simple story." It recognized Jean McLaughlin's "beautiful individual portrait" as the crux of the story, with "her peculiar rebellious and romantic way," and called the novel "as fine a study in characterization as one is likely to meet again this season," "a remarkably successful study of a pioneer community and a charming companion piece" to Wilson's first McLaughlin novel. One survey of frontier novels judged it an "inferior" sequel that "does not hold our interest."

text:
# The Law and the McLaughlins

***The Law and the McLaughlins*** is a 1936 novel by Margaret Wilson first published by Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. It was a sequel to her earlier Pulitzer-prize winning *The Able McLaughlins*.

Wilson has modified the names of two of the characters from the first McLaughlin novel, from Wully to Willy and from Christie to Kirstie. The story begins 6 months after the end of the first novel in December 1868. Two men have been found lynched. The story follows the attempts of the community to bring their murderers to justice, intertwined with the stories of Willy and his sister Jean and their reactions to the community's thirst for justice.

Wilson had authored a critique of the American justice system in 1931 called *The Crime of Punishment* and its concerns inform her second McLaughlin novel. As the settlers contend with punishing vigilantes and establishing a traditional system of justice, the character of Jean represents a feminist and reformer's voice in contrast to "the severity of men's justice."

A lengthy review in *The New York Times* called it "this almost heroically simple story." It recognized Jean McLaughlin's "beautiful individual portrait" as the crux of the story, with "her peculiar rebellious and romantic way," and called the novel "as fine a study in characterization as one is likely to meet again this season," "a remarkably successful study of a pioneer community and a charming companion piece" to Wilson's first McLaughlin novel. One survey of frontier novels judged it an "inferior" sequel that "does not hold our interest."

1. Andrews, 38
2. Serafin and Bendixen, 1251
3. *New York Times*: Margaret Wallace, "More About Those Able McLaughlins," October 25, 1936, accessed August 25, 2010

## Sources

* Clarence A. Andrews, *A Literary History of Iowa* (University of Iowa Press, 1972)
* Steven R. Serafin and Alfred Bendixen, eds., *The Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature* (NY: Continuum Publishing, 1999)

## InfoBox

The Law and the McLaughlins
| First UK edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Margaret Wilson |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Doubleday, Doran & Co. (US)<br>Cassell (UK) |
| Publication date | 1936 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover) |
| Pages | 308 |