title: Nygård International

abstract: Nygård International was a Canadian clothing brand, based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, that was founded and named after Peter Nygård. It was the largest producer of women's apparel in Canada. The company produced clothing under brand names such as Nygård Fashions, Nygard Slims, Bianca Nygard, ADX, TanJay, Alia, and Allison Daley. In March 2020, a few months before Peter Nygård's arrest on charges of sex trafficking, Nygård International filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy in New York, and its subsidiaries were ordered into receivership. The next month, a Canadian judge approved the liquidation of the company.

text:
# Nygård International

**Nygård International** was a Canadian clothing brand, based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, that was founded and named after Peter Nygård. It was the largest producer of women's apparel in Canada.

The company produced clothing under brand names such as **Nygård Fashions**, **Nygard Slims**, **Bianca Nygard**, **ADX**, **TanJay**, **Alia**, and **Allison Daley**.

In March 2020, a few months before Peter Nygård's arrest on charges of sex trafficking, Nygård International filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy in New York, and its subsidiaries were ordered into receivership. The next month, a Canadian judge approved the liquidation of the company.

## History

In 1967, Peter Nygård founded Nygård International, simply called **Nygård** at the time, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, initially as a sportswear manufacturer.

In 1978, the company expanded into the United States, and in 1987 Peter Nygård opened the company's international sales and marketing team in Toronto.

On 6 November 2009, Nygård opened its flagship fashion concept store in Times Square. Guests at the opening party included Finland's UN ambassador and Ramona Singer of *The Real Housewives of New York City*.

On 25 February 2020, the company's New York headquarters were raided by the FBI and NYPD, in connection with sex trafficking claims against Peter Nygård. This led to Nygård stepping down from the company. In March, following Peter's arrest, Nygård International filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy in New York City, and its brands were ordered into receivership. The subsequent month, a Canadian judge approved for the company to be sold and liquidated.

### Liquidation and closure

Nygård International filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy in New York City on 18 March 2020, and the company's brands have since been put up for sale.

In May 2020, Nygard companies owed almost $50 million to approximately 350 creditors around the world, including 40 Manitobans.

On June 30, it was reported that Dillard's would buy parts of Nygard's inventory and Allison Daley's trademark and inventory. The company was put into court-ordered receivership of Richter Advisory Group. On October 20, a judge approved the sale of Nygard's Winnipeg warehouse, which sold in late January 2021 and was the last Canadian property of Nygard International's to be liquidated.

## Operations

Though headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Nygård International sold its product in the United States for decades, including in many Dillard's stores. Nygård's big Canadian partners included Sears and The Bay.

The company had corporate facilities in:

1. New York, New York, United States — world headquarters, research and design
2. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada — IT/Retail/Services/Design & Merchandising, production & distribution
3. Toronto, Ontario, Canada — International sales & marketing team

Nygård also had a flagship fashion concept store in New York City's Times Square, which opened in 2009. The corporation also had manufacturing facilities in Shanghai, Tianjin, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Mexico.

Nygård International's board consisted of Peter Nygård himself and two division presidents.

### Brands and retail outlets

Nygård International had multiple product lines, including **ALIA** and **TanJay**. The Nygård Fashions brands included Peter Nygård Collections, Bianca Nygård, and Nygård SLIMS. Nygård Moderate also had three national brands that were exclusively available at Dillard's in the United States.

Retail stores carrying Nygård brands included Walmart, Costco, Winners, and Belks, as well as a number of small independent stores across North America.

In February 2020, Dillard's dropped Nygård products due to allegations of Peter Nygård being involved with rape and sex trafficking.

### Fashion and technology

Throughout the 2000s, Nygård International used the slogan "Where Fashion Meets Technology." The company developed an electronic purchase-order system that automated and streamlined the processing of vendor transactions. Using Microsoft .NET Framework and Internet Information Services in conjunction with Nygård's enterprise software solution from Epicor, the system linked manufacturing with a network of Nygård's retail accounts to keep them fully stocked at all times, allowing reorders to be shipped the same day. Another system input information and put out a use of pattern and material that reduced fabric-cutting time substantially. Microsoft would go on to use Nygård International as the subject of a case study highlighting the early adoption of their software.

Moreover, the company has won numerous technology-related awards, including the 2007 Most Innovative VICS CPFR Implementation, and 2009 BeyeNETWORK Vision Award for Business Impact.

### Alleged sweatshop

In late April 2010, the National Labor Committee (NLC) issued a report claiming that Nygård pants from its Alia line were being sewn in a sweatshop in Al-Zarqa, Jordan, called International British Garments (IBG). According to the investigation, the factory employed 1,200 guest workers (mostly young women) from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and India who had "been trafficked to Jordan, stripped of their passports and held under conditions of indentured servitude." The report said that women were forced to work 15-hour shifts, 7 days a week, and were paid only half of what they were owed.

The IBG sweatshop in Jordan is owned by G4S, the largest security service company in the world.

## InfoBox

Nygård International
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Clothing |
| Founded | 1967 (1967) |
| Founder | Peter Nygård |
| Defunct | 2020 |
| Fate | liquidated |
| Headquarters | 1771 Inkster Blvd Winnipeg, Manitoba R2X 1R3, Canada |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Apparel |
| Brands | * ALIA * TanJay * Nygård Slims |
| Number of employees | formerly 1450 |


title: Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement

abstract: The Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry describing a rearrangement reaction of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol diacetate with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid. In this reaction one equivalent of water is lost, a double bond is formed at C10–C11 and importantly the methyl group at the C10 position migrates to the C5 position. The reaction is first-order in steroid in the presence of an excess of sulfuric acid and the first reaction step in the reaction mechanism is likely the formation of a sulfate ester followed by that of a carbocation at C5 after which the actual re-arrangement takes place.

text:
# Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement

The **Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement** is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry describing a rearrangement reaction of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol diacetate with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid. In this reaction one equivalent of water is lost, a double bond is formed at C10–C11 and importantly the methyl group at the C10 position migrates to the C5 position.

The reaction is first-order in steroid in the presence of an excess of sulfuric acid and the first reaction step in the reaction mechanism is likely the formation of a sulfate ester followed by that of a carbocation at C5 after which the actual re-arrangement takes place.


title: Yunoura Station

abstract: Yunoura Station is a passenger railway station in the town of Agukita, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the third-sector railway company Hisatsu Orange Railway

text:
# Yunoura Station

**Yunoura Station** (湯浦駅, *Yunoura-eki*) is a passenger railway station in the town of Agukita, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is served by the third-sector railway company Hisatsu Orange Railway

## Lines

The station is served by the Hisatsu Orange Railway Line that follows the former coastal route of the JR Kyushu Kagoshima Main Line connecting Yatsushiro and Sendai. It is located 33.7 km from the starting point of the line at Yatsushiro.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms at street level, connected by a footbridgeand two tracks. There is no station building, but a simple concrete waiting room. It is unattended.

### Platforms

| **1** | Hisatsu Orange Railway | for Minamata and Izumi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Hisatsu Orange Railway | for Yatsushiro and Shin-Yatsushiro |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hisatsu Orange Railway Line | | | | |
| Sashiki | |  | Tsunagi | |
| Rapid Express *Super Orange*: Does not stop at this station | | | | |

## History

Yunoura Station was opened on 12 September 1926 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways Kagoshima Main Line. With the privatization of the Japan National Railways on 1 April 1987, the station was transferred to JR Kyushu. On 13 March 2004, with the opening of the Kyushu Shinkansen, the station was transferred to the Hisatsu Orange Railway.

## Passenger statistics

The average daily passenger traffic in fiscal 2019 was 156 passengers.

## Surrounding area

* Yunoura onsen
* Ashikita Town Office Yuura Branch
* Ashikita Town Yuura Junior High School
* Ashikita Town Yuura Elementary School

\`Ashikita Town Tomihiro Hoshino Art Museum

## InfoBox

| Yunoura Station
湯浦駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Small station building in 2010 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Miyazaki, Ashikita-machi, Ashikita-gun, Kumamoto-ken 869-5562
Japan |
| Coordinates | 32°16′17″N 130°30′16″E / 32.27135°N 130.50454°E / 32.27135; 130.50454 |
| Operated by | Hisatsu Orange Railway Co., Ltd. |
| Line(s) | Hisatsu Orange Railway |
| Distance |  |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-grade |
| Other information | |
| Website | Official (in Japanese) |
| History | |
| Opened | 12 September 1926 (1926-09-12) |
| Original company | Japanese Government Railways |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 156 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Yunoura StationLocation within Kumamoto PrefectureYunoura StationYunoura Station (Japan) | |


title: Yunoyama Line

abstract: Yunoyama Line The Yunoyama Line is a railway line of the Japanese private railway company Kintetsu Railway, connecting Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station and Yunoyama-Onsen Station in Japan. The line connects with the Nagoya Line and Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway Utsube Line at Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station.

text:
# Yunoyama Line

The **Yunoyama Line** (湯の山線, *Yunoyama-sen*) is a railway line of the Japanese private railway company Kintetsu Railway, connecting Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station (Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture) and Yunoyama-Onsen Station (Komono, Mie Prefecture) in Japan.

The line connects with the Nagoya Line and Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway Utsube Line at Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station.

## History

### Yokkaichi Railway

The Yunoyama Line was originally conceived and built by **Yokkaichi Railway** (四日市鉄道, *Yokkaichi Tetsudō*)) in the 1910s. It was constructed with the purposes of providing access in the city of Yokkaichi and providing tourists access to the Yunoyama area. The line was completed in 1913 and in 1916 an extension from the line's origin, Kintetsu-Yokkaichi (at that time called Suwa Station and located slightly to the east), to JR Yokkaichi was added. However, this extension had a relatively short life as part of the Yunoyama Line as it was sold to Ise Electric Railway (*Iseden*) in 1927, who used it for the extension of their main line from Yokkaichi to Kuwana. This made Suwa Station, a hub between three private railways and the biggest station in Yokkaichi, the origin again. Steam engines originally ran on the tracks; in the 1920s the line was electrified, following a trend of many railways in the area.

Ownership of the line has shifted. Yokkaichi Railway created the line. It was absorbed by Mie Railway (*Santetsu*) in 1931, who built and operated the nearby Utsube Line which also originated from Suwa Station at that time. Then in 1944, Santetsu, with six other companies, merged to form Mie Transport (*Sanco*). Twenty years later, the railway department of Sanco split off to become a separate company called Mie Electric Railway (*Sanden*). This organization was short-lived as it was bought up by railway giant Kinki Nippon Railway (*Kintetsu*) the following year, and thus in 1965 the line came under its current name and ownership.

### Renovation

In 1954 the beginning of the route received a significant re-routing at the hands of Sanco, the owner. The Nagoya Line suffered from many sharp curves on its way through Yokkaichi to Suwa Station. Kintetsu developed a plan to straighten the line as well as enlarge Suwa Station, which would be moved about a kilometer to the west. Construction began in 1952 and took a few years to be completed. In accordance with this plan, Sanco altered its own Yokkaichi-area railways in 1956 to use the new location of Suwa Station, which was renamed to Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station. From Nakagawara Station, the track that ran to the old Suwa Station was closed and a new track was built to Kintetsu-Yokkaichi. After this new section was completed, the Yunoyama Line originated from the part of Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station where the Utsube Line still originates today; the two lines had the same track gauge at that time and connected directly with each other.

About 10 years later, in 1964, when Sanden took over the railway, more improvements were carried out even though Sanden only owned the line for about one year. Yokkaichi Railway constructed the line with an especially narrow gauge of 762 mm (2 ft 6 in). In the interest of direct connection with the Kintetsu Nagoya Line, the technical specs of the line were altered to match those of the Nagoya Line; the Yunoyama Line gauge was widened to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge and the voltage was increased to 1500 V. These changes severed the direct connection with the Utsube Line, however, direct connection with the Nagoya Line, a major railway trunk line, was seen as more beneficial.

When Kintetsu acquired the line the following year, it was relatively painless to tie the two lines together and it soon began offering limited express service directly from Uehommachi in Osaka and Nagoya to Yunoyama, aimed at attracting tourists to the onsen and nearby Mount Gozaisho. This service was offered for over 30 years but was ceased in 1998 due to insufficient ridership. Limited express trains that originated at Kintetsu-Yokkaichi continued to run the length of the Yunoyama Line for a few more years, but this service was ended in 2004. The Yunoyama Line is notable because it is the only one of Kintetsu's many small branch lines to have offered limited express service.

### Timeline

* June 1, 1913 – Kawashimamura (now Ise-Kawashima) ~ Yunoyama (now Yunoyama-Onsen) section opened by Yokkaichi Railway.
* September 24, 1913 – Suwa (now Kintetsu-Yokkaichi) ~ Kawashimamura section opens.
* March 3, 1916 – Yokkaichi (Kokutetsu) ~ Suwa section opens.
* November 1, 1921 – Entire line electrified.
* November 29, 1927 – Yokkaichi – Suwa section closes. Suwa becomes the origin of the line.
* March 1, 1931 – Yokkaichi Railway is absorbed by Mie Railway (*Santetsu*).
* February 1, 1944 – Matsumotomura Station officially renamed Ise-Matsumoto Station.
* February 11, 1944 – Santetsu and six other companies merge to form Mie Transport (*Sanco*). Connection with Utsube Line opens. Officially renamed Sanco Mie Line.
* July 1, 1954 – Kawashimamura Station officially renamed Ise-Kawashima Station. Sakuramura Station officially renamed Sakura Station.
* September 23, 1956 – Suwa Station closed, moved, and re-opened as Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station. Suwa ~ Nakagawara section closes. Kintetsu-Yokkaichi ~ Nakagawara section opens.
* February 1, 1964 – Sanco railway division splits off and forms a new company Mie Electric Railway (*Sanden*).
* March 23, 1964 – Ōbane-en Station opens. Voltage along line increased to 1500 V. Entire line re-gauged from 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge. Direct connection with Utsube Line closes. Direct connection with Nagoya Line opens.
* April 1, 1965 – Sanden, and all of its lines, are acquired by Kinki Nippon Railway (*Kintetsu*). Line officially renamed Kintetsu Yunoyama Line.
* July 15, 1965 – Direct limited express service from Osaka and Nagoya begins.
* October 17, 1968 – ATS system activated on entire line.
* August 1, 1970 – Yunoyama Station officially renamed to Yunoyama-Onsen Station.
* March 11, 1973 – Elevated portion of the Kintetsu-Yokkaichi ~ Nakagawara section is completed and opens.
* March 17, 1998 – Direct limited express service from Osaka and Nagoya ends.
* March 18, 2004 – Limited express service along the line ends.

## Service

**Local** (普通 *futsū*)

For Yokkaichi  For Yunoyama-Onsen Locals stop at every station. All trains offer conductor-less (*one man*) service. Trains run twice per hour during the day, three or four times per hour in the mornings and evenings.

Limited express service on the Yunoyama Line ended in 2004.

### 2008 limited express service

Direct limited express service to and from Nagoya will be temporarily resumed on weekends and holidays in late July and early August 2008 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Gozaisho Ropeway as well as the 40th anniversary of Suzuka National Park. These trains will run once a day in each direction. Limited express trains on the Yunoyama Line will go from Kintetsu-Yokkaichi to Yunoyama-Onsen without stopping.

## Stations

| No. | Station | | Distance
(km) | Connections | Location | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| K21 | Kintetsu-Yokkaichi | 近鉄四日市 | 0.0 | Nagoya Line
Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway Utsube Line | Yokkaichi | Mie
Prefecture |
| K22 | Nakagawara | 中川原 | 1.7 |  | | |
| K23 | Ise-Matsumoto | 伊勢松本 | 2.8 |  | | |
| K24 | Ise-Kawashima | 伊勢川島 | 5.3 |  | | |
| K25 | Takatsuno | 高角 | 6.7 |  | | |
| K26 | Sakura |  | 8.7 |  | | |
| K27 | Komono | 菰野 | 11.3 |  | Komono | |
| K28 | Naka-Komono | 中菰野 | 12.6 |  | | |
| K29 | Ōbane-en | 大羽根園 | 13.5 |  | | |
| K30 | Yunoyama-Onsen | 湯の山温泉 | 15.4 |  | | |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Yunoyama Line | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Local bound for Yunoyama | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | Kintetsu Railway |
| Line number |  |
| Locale | Mie Prefecture
YokkaichiKomono |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 10 |
| Color on map | (#1B3DB0) |
| Service | |
| Type | Regional rail
Commuter rail |
| System | Kintetsu Railway |
| Operator(s) | Kintetsu Railway |
| History | |
| Opened | 24 September 1913 (1913-09-24) |
| Last extension | 5 March 1916 (1916-03-05) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 15.4 km (9.6 mi) |
| Number of tracks | 1 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | 1,500 V DC (Overhead line) |
| Operating speed | 80 km/h (50 mph) |
| Signalling | Automatic closed block |
| Train protection system | Kintetsu ATS |
| Route map | |


title: ORG-26576

abstract: ORG-26576 is an ampakine originally developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals and then licensed to Organon International for development. In animal studies it has been shown to effectively potentiate AMPA receptor function, leading to increased BDNF release and enhanced neuronal differentiation and survival, as well as producing nootropic effects in standardised assays. Development as an antidepressant has been halted due to a failed Phase II trial for major depressive disorder.

text:
# ORG-26576

**ORG-26576** is an ampakine originally developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals and then licensed to Organon International for development. In animal studies it has been shown to effectively potentiate AMPA receptor function, leading to increased BDNF release and enhanced neuronal differentiation and survival, as well as producing nootropic effects in standardised assays. Development as an antidepressant has been halted due to a failed Phase II trial for major depressive disorder.

## InfoBox

ORG-26576
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (9aS)-8,9,9a,10-Tetrahydro-5H,7H-pyrido\[3,2-f\]pyrrolo\[2,1-c\]\[1,4\]oxazepin-5-one | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H12N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 204.229 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * C1C\[C@H\]2COC3=C(C=CC=N3)C(=O)N2C1 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C11H12N2O2/c14-11-9-4-1-5-12-10(9)15-7-8-3-2-6-13(8)11/h1,4-5,8H,2-3,6-7H2/t8-/m0/s1 * Key:FIKUEZUFASUKAH-QMMMGPOBSA-N | |


title: ORG-37684

abstract: ORG-37684 is a drug developed by Organon, which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the 5-HT2 receptor family, with highest affinity at 5-HT2C and lowest at 5-HT2B subtypes. It has anorectic effects in animal studies and has been researched as a potential weight loss drug for use in humans.

text:
# ORG-37684

**ORG-37684** is a drug developed by Organon, which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the 5-HT2 receptor family, with highest affinity at 5-HT2C and lowest at 5-HT2B subtypes. It has anorectic effects in animal studies and has been researched as a potential weight loss drug for use in humans.

## InfoBox

ORG-37684
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * In general: uncontrolled |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (3S)-3-\[(2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy\]pyrrolidine | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| IUPHAR/BPS |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C14H19NO2 |
| Molar mass | 233.311 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O(c1c(OC)ccc2c1CCC2)\[C@H\]3CCNC3 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-16-13-6-5-10-3-2-4-12(10)14(13)17-11-7-8-15-9-11/h5-6,11,15H,2-4,7-9H2,1H3/t11-/m0/s1 * Key:QDJAYXYEXHVXJV-NSHDSACASA-N | |
| (verify) | |


title: Stormsong

abstract: Stormsong is a 2020 gaslamp fantasy novel by Canadian author C. L. Polk. It is the second book in The Kingston Cycle series, which takes place in a fictional world in a country called Aeland. Stormsong continues the overarching political fantasy plot begun in Witchmark, the first book in the series, while also featuring a self-contained murder mystery and romance unique to this volume. It was first published by Tor Books.

text:
# Stormsong

***Stormsong*** is a 2020 gaslamp fantasy novel by Canadian author C. L. Polk. It is the second book in The Kingston Cycle series, which takes place in a fictional world in a country called Aeland. *Stormsong* continues the overarching political fantasy plot begun in *Witchmark*, the first book in the series, while also featuring a self-contained murder mystery and romance unique to this volume. It was first published by Tor Books.

## Synopsis

Having helped her brother Miles end the horrific practice of draining the strength of witches to power the realm, Dame Grace Hensley now finds herself entangled in the intrigues of a nation in both internal and external crisis. There's no easy replacement for the witches' power, the war is still raging with no end in sight, and court politics are potentially deadly. To make matters worse, the fae-like and powerful Amaranthines have arrived to hold the human realms accountable for their actions. And with the prospect of revolution in the air, Grace must also contend with the tenacious reporter, Avia Jessup, who is capturing her heart but whose interests sometimes conflict with her own.

## Reception

*Stormsong* was ranked 11th in the Locus Award vote for Best Fantasy Novel.

In a starred review, *Publishers Weekly* calls *Stormsong* a "superb sequel" that blends "political intrigue, witchcraft, and queer romance". The review further adds that "Polk’s ambitious worldbuilding never encumbers her assured, action-packed pacing, deep characters, and genuine emotion. This delectable treat is a worthy follow-up to her debut." Catherine Rockwood, in a review for *Strange Horizons*, also calls *Stormsong* "a rewarding follow-up to a terrific debut novel" and praises the pacing of the action, though she unfavorably compares the romance of Grace and Avia to that of Miles and Tristan in *Witchmark*. The *Library Journal* review asserts that "familiar and favorite characters support the young woman who takes center stage, while Polk's charming prose frames an original and witty story filled with action and romantic tension."

The *Kirkus* review describes *Stormsong* as "A thoughtful and passionate depiction of one woman’s struggle to discover her truest self." *Locus* notes that while "not a perfect book", *Stormsong* includes "delightful fantasy elements", a compelling inner journey of the main character, Grace, and a compelling political context. According to the review, these elements, along with fast-paced action and a narrative "unique enough to be entertaining and familiar enough not to be mystifying", result in a "cracking read" and a worthy addition to fantasy literature.

## Characters

* **Dame Grace Hensley:** Having helped bring down the horrific and oppressive system that exploited Aelanders with magic powers, Grace must now navigate a complex maze, striving to appease her queen, meet the Amaranthines' demands for justice for Laneer, and find a way to liberate the imprisoned and oppressed witches of Aeland, all while attempting to save her country from a calamity for which she bears partial responsibility. Forced to take over as chancellor, Grace uses the political skills and machinations she learned from her father, Sir Christopher. Unlike her father, Grace is developing a moral compass and wants to achieve a just solution to the kingdom's problems.
* **Avia Jessup:** An intrepid investigative journalist, Avia is looking for an explosive political exposé to make her career, but finds herself falling for the young new chancellor, whose interest is to hide some of the more appalling atrocities of the regime from the public.
* **Sir Christopher Hensley:** The amoral chancellor of Aeland and head of the circle of mages that both exploited magic users from the underclasses and protected Aeland from destructive weather patterns. Sir Christopher is involved in conspiracies to maintain the elite's power in Aeland.
* **Miles Singer:** Grace's brother and Tristan's fiancé. He's a doctor at a veteran's hospital, and estranged from his aristocratic family. Miles was the protagonist of *Witchmark*, and in *Stormsong* is a secondary character.
* **Tristan:** An Amaranthine. The Amaranthines are a fae-like race that showed up at the end of *Witchmark* to investigate both Aeland's internal crimes against its citizens and possible war crimes in the conflict with neighboring Laneer. Tristan bridges the gap between the races, and helps Grace in her attempt to thwart an assassination threat against Queen Constantina.
* **Robin Thorpe:** A hospital colleague of Miles'. A Black woman from working-class Riverside, Robin is asked to help leverage a secret group of magic wielders to help save Aeland. These witches evaded persecution by hiding their powers and living underground, and Robin does not trust Grace to protect their interests. Robin's objectives prove to be key to Grace's decisions to embark upon a more difficult, but more ethical, path.
* **Queen Constantina:** Queen of Aeland, Constantina is hostile to the changes taking place in her realm and the interference of the Amaranthines.
* **Prince Severin:** The heir to the crown, Severin is not above conspiring against his own mother or romantically pursuing Grace to further his own purposes.
* **Grand Duchess Aife:** Leader of the Amaranthines, Aife agreed to suspend judgment against Aeland at the end of *Witchmark* due to the protagonists bringing down the deadly incarceral system and convincing her that only a limited number of the elite class was involved. Now, she and her court are residing in Aeland's capital, Kingston as guests of the royal family—waiting to see how all the plot strands come together, to determine whether punishment should be applied in the interest of justice.

## InfoBox

Stormsong
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | C. L. Polk |
| Language | English |
| Series | *The Kingston Cycle* #2 |
| Genre | Fantasy literature; Gaslamp fantasy |
| Publisher | Tor Books |
| Publication date | February 11, 2020 |
| Media type | Print, ebook, audiobook |
| ISBN | 9780765398994 |
| Preceded by | *Witchmark* |
| Followed by | *Soulstar* |


title: Stinesville, Indiana

abstract: Stinesville is a town in Bean Blossom Township, Monroe County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 203 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# Stinesville, Indiana

**Stinesville** is a town in Bean Blossom Township, Monroe County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 203 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Stinesville was platted in 1855 when the New Albany and Salem Railroad was extended to that point. The town was named for Eusebius Stine, the original owner of the town site. A post office has been in operation at Stinesville since 1860.

Stinesville Commercial Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

## Geography

Stinesville is located in northwestern Monroe County approximately 5 miles (8 km) north of Ellettsville and 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Bloomington, the county seat.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Stinesville has a total area of 0.11 square miles (0.28 km2), all land. The town sits on the east side of Jacks Defeat Creek and its valley, which flows northeast 1 mile (1.6 km) to Beanblossom Creek, a northwest-flowing tributary of the White River.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1870 | 140 |  |  |
| 1900 | 288 |  |  |
| 1910 | 497 |  | 72.6% |
| 1920 | 299 |  | −39.8% |
| 1930 | 310 |  | 3.7% |
| 1940 | 337 |  | 8.7% |
| 1950 | 355 |  | 5.3% |
| 1960 | 288 |  | −18.9% |
| 1970 | 291 |  | 1.0% |
| 1980 | 227 |  | −22.0% |
| 1990 | 204 |  | −10.1% |
| 2000 | 194 |  | −4.9% |
| 2010 | 198 |  | 2.1% |
| 2020 | 203 |  | 2.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the 2000 census, there were 194 people, 67 households, and 48 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,783.8 inhabitants per square mile (688.7/km2). There were 94 housing units at an average density of 864.3 per square mile (333.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.88% White, 2.58% Asian, and 1.55% from two or more races.

There were 67 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.35.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $26,667 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,411. None of the families and 1.0% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 7.4% of those over 64.

1. "2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Stinesville, Indiana
3. "P1. Race – Stinesville town, Indiana: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
5. *History of Lawrence and Monroe Counties, Indiana: Their People, Industries, and Institutions*. B.F. Bowen. 1914. p. 102.
6. Blanchard, Charles (1884). *Counties of Morgan, Monroe and Brown, Indiana: Historical and Biographical*. F.A. Battey & Company. p. 492.
7. "Monroe County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
8. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
9. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Stinesville, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Downtown Stinesville | |
| Location in Monroe County, Indiana | |
| Coordinates: 39°18′00″N 86°39′00″W / 39.30000°N 86.65000°W / 39.30000; -86.65000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Monroe |
| Township | Bean Blossom |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.11 sq mi (0.29 km2) |
| Land | 0.11 sq mi (0.29 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 630 ft (190 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 203 |
| Density | 1,828.83/sq mi (707.04/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 47464 |
| Area code(s) | 812, 930 |
| FIPS code | 18-73232 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2397683 |


title: Ocmulgee Regional Library System

abstract: The Ocmulgee Regional Library System (ORLS) is a public library system in the U.S. state of Georgia serving Dodge, Bleckley, Pulaski, Telfair, Wheeler, Wilcox counties. The headquarters of the system is the Murrell Memorial Library, which is located in Eastman, Georgia|Eastman. ORLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to the system's collection of 10.6 million books. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

text:
# Ocmulgee Regional Library System

The **Ocmulgee Regional Library System** (**ORLS**) is a public library system in the U.S. state of Georgia serving Dodge, Bleckley, Pulaski, Telfair, Wheeler, Wilcox counties. The headquarters of the system is the Murrell Memorial Library, which is located in Eastman, Georgia|Eastman.

ORLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to the system's collection of 10.6 million books. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

## History

The oldest branch created in the current Ocmulgee Regional Library System area was the M. E. Roden Library in Pulaski County. This library began in 1878 when "a petition for the charter for the incorporation of our Public Library and Literacy Society was signed by prominent citizens" and was run until 1897 closing due to inactivity. By 1910 the Uplift Club in Pulaski organized a new library and the Works Progress Administration aided in its growth in the 1930s.

In 1936 the WPA also helped begin libraries in Bleckley and Wilcox County. The Wilcox Library was operated out of several different county buildings before moving to the county courthouse in 1983 after renovations made a library space possible. In 1986 the Bleckley County Library moved to downtown Cochran into a new dedicated building and was named the Tessie W. Norris Library.

In 1940 with sponsorship from the local P.T.A. the Telfair County Library was established with 200 books borrowed from the Georgia Library Commission. By 1943 a library board was created to relieve the P.T.A. of their sponsorship. The first home for the library was the McRae-Helena School, which was later moved to a log cabin near the courthouse. On May 15, 1955 Telfair and Dodge counties decided to combine their resources and formed the Dodge-Telfair Regional Library. When Bleckley County joined in the 1960s the name was changed to the Ocmulgee Regional Library System. The Telfair library moved to the Civic Memorial Center in 1976 and shortly thereafter was granted full ownership of the property for library use.

The most recent library to join the system is the Wheeler County Library in July 2000. By 2004 the county constructed a new facility for the collection, opening a new history and genealogy room for residents of the library system.

## Branches

| Name | Address |
| --- | --- |
| M. E. Roden Memorial Library | 400 Commerce Street, Hawkinsville, GA 31036 |
| Murrell Memorial Library | 531 Second Avenue, Eastman, GA 31023 |
| Telfair County Library | 101 West College Street, McRae, GA 31055 |
| Tessie W. Norris/Cochran-Bleckley County Library | 315 Third Street, Cochran, GA 31014 |
| Wheeler County Library | 61 West Main Street, Alamo, GA 30411 |
| Wilcox County Library | 104 North Broad, Abbeville, GA 31004 |
|

## Library systems in neighboring counties

## InfoBox

| Ocmulgee Regional Library System | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The Wilcox County Library | |
|  | |
| Location | South-Central Georgia |
| Branches | 6 |
| Collection | |
| Size | 132,278 (2016) |
| Access and use | |
| Circulation | 90,627 (2016) |
| Population served | 79,032 (2016) |
| Members | 16,786 (2016) |
| Other information | |
| Director | Anne Bowen |
| Website | http://orls.org/ |


title: Néstor Benítez

abstract: Cándido Néstor Benítez Caballero is a former football defender and coach.

text:
# Néstor Benítez

**Cándido Néstor Benítez Caballero** (born 4 September 1943 in Tacumbú, Paraguay) is a former football defender and coach.

## Career

He started his career at Presidente Hayes from his hometown, Tacumbú. From there, he was transferred to Olimpia Asunción which was coached then by the great Aurelio González. While in Olimpia, Benitez won a number of national championships and was called up to the Paraguay national football team in a few occasions. In 1972, he went to Sportivo Luqueño but was only able to play seven games due to an injury that kept him off the field for a few years until 1976 where he came back to play for C.A. Tembetary and retire in the same year.

Benítez holds a record of playing 72 consecutive and uninterrupted games for Olimpia.

As a coach, he managed teams like Independiente de Yaguarón, Olimpia de Itá, 6 de Enero de Lambaré and also worked in the youth divisions of Olimpia and Sol de América.

## Titles

| Season | Team | Title |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1965 | Olimpia | Paraguayan 1st division |
| 1968 | Olimpia | Paraguayan 1st division |
| 1971 | Olimpia | Paraguayan 1st division |
| 1976 | C.A. Tembetary | Paraguayan 2nd division |

## Awards

| Season | Team | Award |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | Olimpia | Diario ABC award: 1967 best left back in Paraguay |

## InfoBox

Néstor Benítez
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Cándido Néstor Benítez Caballero | | |
| Date of birth | (1943-09-04) 4 September 1943 | | |
| Place of birth | Tacumbú, Asunción, Paraguay | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1957–1962 | Presidente Hayes | ? | (?) |
| 1964–1972 | Olimpia | ? | (?) |
| 1972 | Sportivo Luqueño | 7 | (0) |
| 1976 | Tembetary | ? | (?) |
| International career | | | |
|  | Paraguay | ? | (?) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Ocenotrophon painei

abstract: Ocenotrophon painei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Ocenotrophon painei

***Ocenotrophon painei*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Ocenotrophon painei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Muricoidea |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Ocenebrinae |
| Genus: | *Ocenotrophon* |
| Species: | ***O. painei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ocenotrophon painei***
(Dall, 1904) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Murex painei* Dall, 1904 | |


title: Oakford, Devon

abstract: Oakford is a village and civil parish in the Mid Devon district of Devon, England. It is located three miles (5 km) south west of Bampton and eight miles (13 km) north north west of Tiverton. Oakford is near the river Exe. In 1870, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Oakford thus: OAKFORD, a village and a parish in Tiverton district, Devon. The village stands on a bold acclivity, adjacent to a tributary of the river Exe, 2 miles S of the boundary with Somerset, 3 W S W of Bampton, and 6½ N N W of Tiverton r. station; is large and straggling. The parish comprises 5, 464acres."

text:
# Oakford, Devon

**Oakford** is a village and civil parish in the Mid Devon district of Devon, England. It is located three miles (5 km) south west of Bampton and eight miles (13 km) north north west of Tiverton. Oakford is near the river Exe.

In 1870, John Marius Wilson's *Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales* described Oakford thus:

> OAKFORD, a village and a parish in Tiverton district, Devon. The village stands on a bold acclivity, adjacent to a tributary of the river Exe, 2 miles S of the boundary with Somerset, 3 W S W of Bampton, and 6½ N N W of Tiverton r. station; is large and straggling. The parish comprises 5, 464acres."

## Population

It had a population of 358 according to the 2011 census with 185 being Males and 173 being Female.

The 1831 census provides information, down to parish-level, on the occupations of males aged over 20 using nine categories. Here we reorganise this information to provide a crude measure of social status, based more on contemporary ideas than on modern definitions of social class: "middling sorts" combines small farmers not employing labourers with both masters and skilled workers in urban manufacturing and handicrafts.

According to the 2011 census, 32% of those who are economically active in Oakford are self-employed; this is nearly twice the district statistics and over 3 times higher than the country's average.

## History

Oakford church (St. Peter) dominates the village from an eminence. The porch, nave, cancel and vestry were rebuilt in 1838-9, except for the 15th century tower, with a spacious nave and short chancel. The tower houses eight bells, said to have exceptional tone, cast by Mears of London in 1825 and given to the church by the then rector, the Rev James Parkin. He also presented the organ, built by J. R. Mortimore of Tiverton, in 1841.

Oakford is located within Mid Devon local authority area. Historically it formed part of Witheridge Hundred. It falls within Tiverton Deanery for ecclesiastical purposes. The Deaneries are used to arrange the typescript Church Notes of B. F. Cresswell, which are held in the Devon Heritage Centre. The population was 480 in 1801 484 in 1901.

### Historic estates

Various historic estates are situated within the parish of Oakford including:

* Spurway; Spurway Barton lies remote above a wooded combe and was a Domesday manor. The Spurways were already settled here in 1244 and continued to own it until the mid-20th century.
* Other estates listed in Domesday are Bickham Barton, Mildon, Woodburn and East and West Tapps.

## Education

There is no school in Oakford. The nearest primary school is the Church of England School in Bampton, for ages 3–11. There are 8 primary schools within 6 miles (10 km) of Oakford.

Oakford has 3 types of secondary school within 7 miles (11 km). The closest is a special school, Acorn, at Knowstone near South Molton. Tiverton High School is the second nearest (Maintained school) and Blundell's school is the nearest Independent School. These secondary schools all cater for ages 11–16. Blundell's caters up to age 18.

The Pyncombe Educational Foundation helps pupils to advance their education and otherwise promotes education of boys and girls in the beneficial area. It was set up in 1998 through the amalgamation of several Oakford Village Charities. The Foundation awards grants of £150 to help with purchase of books and equipment to any young person who lives in Oakford, or who has lived here within the last year, and is continuing with further education. The award is made in September and is given directly to the person concerned.

## Housing

According to the 2011 census, 49.1% of accommodations in Oakford are owned outright with 32.9% of accommodation being owned with a mortgage or loan; these figure are higher than both regional and country statistics. There are 161 households.

Media related to Oakford, Devon at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Oakford | |
| --- | --- |
| Oakford 19th century map | |
| OakfordLocation within Devon | |
| OS grid reference | SS9102521393 |
| Civil parish | * Oakford |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | TIVERTON |
| Postcode district | EX16 |
| Dialling code | 01398 |
|  | |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Devon and Somerset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Stirling Square (Guildford)

abstract: Stirling Square is a public park in Guildford, Western Australia. It was established early in the development of Guildford and has as part of its western side, the historic St Matthew's Church, Guildford and at its south eastern corner, the Talbot Hobbs' Memorial Gates. It has been assessed as a historic site, and has been evaluated for a range of conservation measures.

text:
# Stirling Square (Guildford)

**Stirling Square** is a public park in Guildford, Western Australia.

It was established early in the development of Guildford and has as part of its western side, the historic St Matthew's Church, Guildford and at its south eastern corner, the Talbot Hobbs' Memorial Gates.

It has been assessed as a historic site, and has been evaluated for a range of conservation measures.

31°53′53″S 115°58′13″E / 31.8980°S 115.9702°E / -31.8980; 115.9702


title: Ocotea staminoides

abstract: Ocotea staminoides is a species of evergreen tree in the plant genus Ocotea of the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.

text:
# Ocotea staminoides

***Ocotea staminoides*** is a species of evergreen tree in the plant genus *Ocotea* of the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.

## InfoBox

| *Ocotea staminoides* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | *Ocotea* |
| Species: | ***O. staminoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ocotea staminoides***
Proctor | |
|


title: Steven Holcomb

abstract: Steven Paul Holcomb was an American bobsledder who competed from 1998 until his death in 2017. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he won the four-man bobsled event for the United States, its first gold medal in that event since 1948. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, he finished second in both the four-man and two-man event.

text:
# Steven Holcomb

**Steven Paul Holcomb** (April 14, 1980 – May 6, 2017) was an American bobsledder who competed from 1998 until his death in 2017. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he won the four-man bobsled event for the United States, its first gold medal in that event since 1948. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, he finished second in both the four-man and two-man event.

## Early career

Holcomb learned to ski when he was 2 years old. He was born in Park City, Utah, where his mother would take him skiing at every opportunity. He began ski racing when he was six at the main resort of Park City, and began ski racing for the Park City Ski Team for the following twelve years. During this time he was also an athlete in local sports, playing soccer, football, basketball, baseball, and running track. In 1998 he participated in a local USA bobsled team try-out and scored enough points to be invited to the National Team Camp, which included the National Push Championships. He finished in eighth place and was invited to stay for an additional week to train with the National Team. Despite his eighth-place finish, which qualified him for the national team, he was not selected because of his small stature and young age.

After placing 5th at the National Team Trials in early October 1998 at the Utah Olympic Park, he chose to attend the University of Utah. Shortly following the naming of the American 1998 IBSF Bobsleigh World Cup team, an injury caused the withdrawal of one member. On November 3, 1998, he was asked to join the World Cup team in Calgary, Alberta, for the first World Cup race, where he pushed for driver Brian Shimer. He then went on to have an above average career as a pusher for drivers Jim Herberich, Mike Dionne, Todd Hays, and Brian Shimer. Shortly before the 2002 Winter Olympics, Holcomb was cut from Brian Shimer's team, and replaced with Dan Steele, a veteran from the 1998 Winter Olympics. At the Utah Olympic Park for the 2002 Winter Olympics, he served as a bobsled forerunner, who tests the bobsled course prior to competition.

Starting with the 2004–2005 season, he achieved second and third ranked American driver. Holcomb left the military with an honorable discharge in June 2006, and focused on competition on the World Cup circuit. This led to immediate results in the 2006–07 season, where Holcomb (with team members Jovanovic and Kreitzburg) won the two-man World Cup Championship, while he finished second in the four-man competition (with Jovanovic, Kreitzburg, and Mesler), which earned Holcomb the overall Combined Championship.

As Holcomb rose through the ranks of American bobsledders, the degenerative eye disease Keratoconus, initially diagnosed in 2002, began to affect his daily life and competitive skills, which led to depression. In 2007, a non-invasive surgical procedure, corneal collagen cross-linking (C3-R), was performed to stabilize the disease, and in 2008 implantable corrective lenses were inserted, providing a measure of correction during the 2007–08 Bobsleigh World Cup season; he led his teams to three gold, three silver, and one bronze medals over that season. After Holcomb won gold at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Brian Boxer Wachler renamed the procedure C3-R to Holcomb C3-R, marking the first time a medical procedure was named after an Olympic athlete.

## Career

Over the course of his career, Holcomb piloted his two-man ("Night Hawk") and four-man ("Night Train") US teams to a total of 12 gold medals, 6 silver medals and 9 bronze medals across Bobsleigh at the Winter Olympics, IBSF World Championships and season-long IBSF Bobsleigh World Cup final standings. His results in individual Bobsleigh World Cup races, contributing to each season's final standings, include 29 gold, 23 silver and 9 bronze medals. As of the completion of his final (2016–17) season of all international competitions  and still true as of the completion of the 2021–22 sliding season  Steven Holcomb is the winningest American bobsled athlete in history.

Included in his success was the first US Four-man Olympic Championship title in 62 years, and the first US Four-man World Championship title in 50 years.

### Olympics

It was announced on 17 January 2010 that Holcomb made the United States team in both the two-man and four-man events for the 2010 Winter Olympics. On February 17, Holcomb led the four-man US bobsled team to a gold-medal victory, ending a 62-year gold medal drought in United States Olympic four-man bobsled competition.

Holcomb qualified for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in both the two-man and four-man bobsled. On February 16, Holcomb and brakeman Steve Langton won the bronze medal in the two-man competition, ending yet another 62-year medal drought in US Olympic two-man competition. These medals were upgraded to Silver Medals on March 27, 2019, when the IOC vacated the golds that Russian pilot Alexander Zubkov won in both the two- and four-man events due to doping. That means Holcomb, who crossed the line third in both of those races, now is a two-time silver winner in addition to the four-man gold he won at Vancouver in 2010.

### World Championships, World Cup

At season-ending IBSF World Championships, Holcomb won four medals: a gold (2009 Four-man) and three bronzes (2008 Mixed team, 2009 Two-man, 2009 Mixed team).

Holcomb's successes at races during season-long IBSF Bobsleigh World Cup tournaments have resulted in numerous World Cup season titles. For the 2006–07 Bobsleigh World Cup, Holcomb won the overall 2006–07 Two-man, and 2006–07 Combined World Cup titles; the Combined title combines the results from both two-man and four-man competition, with Holcomb's second place in the 2006–07 Four-man standings contributing to his title win in the Combined standings. The 2006–07 result also made him the first American man to win the Two-man World Cup title. With strong performances throughout the 2009–10 Bobsleigh World Cup and 2013–14 Bobsleigh World Cup seasons, Holcomb won the 2009–10 Combined (his second), 2009–10 Four-man (his first), 2013–14 Combined (his third) and 2013–14 Two-man (his second) World Cup season titles.

After his success on the 2013–14 World Cup circuit and at the 2014 Olympics, Holcomb fell back in the results for the World Cup and World Championship competitions of the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons. He roared back in the 2016–17 Bobsleigh World Cup season, which ended on 19 March 2017, just seven weeks before Holcomb's death. During that season, Holcomb piloted his sleds to second place in the year-end 2016–17 Two-man, and third place in the year-end 2016–17 Four-man and 2016–17 Overall Combined World Cup standings.

## Military service

Holcomb served as a soldier in the Utah Army National Guard for seven years, from March 1999 until July 2006. During his Army National Guard service, he served as a combat engineer in the 1457th Engineering Battalion. He took part in the U.S. Army World Class Athlete Program (WCAP) for seven years. At the end of 2006, he received an Honorable Discharge from service. While in the National Guard, he earned an Army Achievement Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Good Conduct Medal, Army Presidential Unit Citation, Army Superior Unit Award and Army Service Ribbon.

## Education

Holcomb attended The Winter Sports School in Park City, graduating in 1997.

## Boy Scouts

As a youth, Holcomb attained the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America.

## Death

Holcomb was found dead in room 202 at the US Olympic Training Center in Lake Placid, New York, on May 6, 2017. He was 37. The initial autopsy cited fluid in Holcomb's lungs as a significant factor, while a subsequent toxicology report indicated that Holcomb had a blood-alcohol level of 0.188, along with a level of the sleeping aid Lunesta.

Holcomb had been found in his room by Katie Uhlaender, his close friend and US Olympic skeleton athlete. Holcomb and Uhlaender were featured in *The Weight of Gold* (2020), an HBO Sports Documentary which "explor(es) the mental health challenges that Olympic athletes often face."

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Steven Holcomb
| Holcomb at the 2014 Winter Olympics
(note: the bronze in image was later upgraded to silver) | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Steven Paul Holcomb |
| Nickname(s) | Holky, Holcomb, Steve |
| Born | (1980-04-14)April 14, 1980
Park City, Utah, U.S. |
| Died | May 6, 2017(2017-05-06) (aged 37)
Lake Placid, New York, U.S. |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Website | Team Holcomb |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Sport | Bobsleigh |
| Team | U.S. National Team |
| Turned pro | 1998 |
| Coached by | Brian Shimer |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Olympic finals | 2006 – 6th place 4-man
2006 – 14th 2-man
2010 – Gold Medal 4-man
2010 – 6th place 2-man
2014 – Silver Medal 4-man
2014 – Silver Medal 2-man |
| World finals | 2009 FIBT World Champion 4-Man
2012 FIBT World Champion 4-Man
2012 FIBT World Champion 2-Man
2012 FIBT World Champion Team Event |
| Medal record      Men's bobsleigh  Representing the  United States  Olympic Games  2010 Vancouver Four-man  2014 Sochi Two-man  2014 Sochi Four-man  World Championships   2009 Lake Placid Four-man  2012 Lake Placid Four-man  2012 Lake Placid Two-man  2012 Lake Placid Mixed team  2013 St. Moritz Mixed team  2008 Altenberg Mixed team  2009 Lake Placid Two-man  2009 Lake Placid Mixed team  2011 Königssee Four-man  2013 St. Moritz Four-man  World Cup Championships   2006–2007  Combined  2006–2007  Two-man  2009–2010  Combined  2009–2010  Four-man  2013–2014  Combined  2013–2014  Two-man  2006–2007  Four-man  2010–2011  Four-man  2013–2014  Four-man  2016–2017  Two-man  2007–2008  Combined  2010–2011  Combined  2016–2017  Combined  2016–2017  Four-man  World Cup Single Events  2006–07 Cesana Pariol  USA 1 Four Man  2006–07 Cesana Pariol  USA 1 Two Man  2006–07 Igls  USA 1 Four Man  2006–07 Cortina USA 1 Two Man  2006–07 Cortina  USA 1 Four Man  2007–08 Park City USA 1 Four Man  2007–08 Park City USA 1 Two Man  2007–08 Calgary USA 1 Four Man  2008–09 Park City  USA 1 Four Man  2008–09 Park City
(make-up race)  USA 1 Four Man  2009–10 Lake Placid USA 1 Four Man  2009–10 Winterberg USA 1 Four Man  2009–10 Cesana USA 1 Four Man  2010–11 Lake Placid USA 1 Four Man  2010–11 Whistler USA 1 Four Man  2012–13 Lake Placid USA 1 Two Man  2012–13 Park City USA 1 Two Man  2012–13 Whistler USA 1 Two Man  2013–14 Calgary USA 1 Four Man  2013–14 Calgary USA 1 Two Man  2013–14 Park City USA 1 Four Man  2013–14 Park City USA 1 Two Man  2013–14 Lake Placid USA 1 Four Man  2013–14 Lake Placid 1 USA 1 Two Man  2013–14 Lake Placid 2 USA 1 Two Man  2013–14 Igls USA 1 Two Man  2013–14 Königssee USA 1 Four Man  2015–16 Lake Placid USA 1 Two Man  2016–17 Lake Placid USA 1 Two Man  2006–07 Lake Placid USA 1 Two Man  2006–07 Park City USA 1 Two Man  2006–07 Calgary USA 1 Two Man  2006–07 Königssee  USA 1 Four Man  2006–07 Winterberg  USA 1 Four Man  2007–08 Calgary USA 1 Two Man  2007–08 Konigssee  USA 1 Four Man  2007–08 Lake Placid USA 1 Four Man  2008–09 Altenberg  USA 1 Two Man  2008–09 Vancouver  USA 1 Four Man  2008–09 Igls  USA 1 Four Man  2009–10 Lake Placid USA 1 Two Man  2009–10 Königssee USA 1 Team Event  2009–10 Königssee USA 1 Four Man  2009–10 Altenberg USA 1 Four Man  2011–12 La Plagne USA 1 Two Man  2011–12 Igls USA 1 Four Man  2012–13 Park City USA 1 Four Man  2012–13 Lake Placid USA 1 Four Man  2013–14 Igls USA 1 Four Man  2015–16 St. Moritz USA 1 Two Man  2016–17 Lake Placid USA 1 Four Man  2016–17 Konigssee USA 1 Two Man  2007–08 Lake Placid USA 1 Two Man  2008–09 Igls  USA 1 Two Man  2008–09 Winterberg  USA 1 Four Man  2009–10 Cesana USA 1 Two Man  2010–11 Igls USA 1 Four Man  2011–12 Igls USA 1 Two Man  2012–13 La Plagne USA 1 Two Man  2016–17 St. Moritz USA 1 Two Man  2016–17 Innsbruck USA 1 Four Man | |


title: Steven Holmes

abstract: Steven Holmes is a Canadian curator based in Hartford, Connecticut.

text:
# Steven Holmes

**Steven Holmes** (born 1965) is a Canadian curator based in Hartford, Connecticut.

## Biography

He was born in Cobourg, Ontario, Canada and educated at The University of Toronto (Bachelor of Arts, Religion and History), Harvard University (Master of Theological Studies, Religion and Culture) and the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (Master of Fine Arts, Studio).

As an artist, Holmes worked as a photographer and briefly exhibited work in several Canadian venues, including Gallery 44 in Toronto, and Anna Leonowens Gallery in Halifax.

## Curatorial work

Steven Holmes is curator of The Cartin Collection in Hartford, Connecticut (2005–present) where he oversees a collection of 2,000 objects. The collection includes post war and contemporary art, as well as early printed books and incunabula, Medieval illuminated manuscripts, and early Flemish masterpieces.

From 2009 to 2012, Holmes was adjunct curator at The Bass Museum of Art in Miami. There, he oversaw the development of the museum's collection policy and collection planning process, and conceived of and curated numerous exhibitions, including:

Holmes was the director of visual arts and public programming at Real Art Ways in Hartford from 2000 – 2005. There, he served as managing director of all visual arts and public programming, co-wrote grants, represented the organization in external affairs, curated exhibitions, and directed education and outreach staff.

Additionally, Holmes has curated exhibitions for The Palais de Tokyo in Paris, the KW Institute for Contemporary Art in Berlin, The Wadsworth Athenaeum Museum of Art in Hartford and the Boston Center for the Arts, working with more than 200 artists including Charles Ledray, Kehinde Wiley, The Atlas Group / Walid Ra’ad, Kate Gilmore, Harrell Fletcher, Paul Chan, Joe Amrhein, Chris Doyle and Sol LeWitt.

Holmes conceived of and worked with Creative Time to mount the multi-city performance of *Fairytale – 1001 Chairs* for Ai Weiwei. Simultaneous performances took place in Hong Kong, Berlin, Paris, Athens, Helsinki, Toronto, New York, Chicago, LA, Madrid, Brussels, Stockholm and twenty other cities around the world. Holmes was a founding member of The Khyber Arts Society in Halifax, now a Canadian National Exhibition Center. Holmes has published in the areas of critical theory and art criticism.

In 2008, Holmes edited FESTSCHRIFT, with essays by Carlos Basualdo, Nicholas Baume, and James Rondeau.

Holmes has been a visiting critic for Skowhegan, Yale School of Art, Art Omi, University of Connecticut, Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, University of Lethbridge and Hartford Art School. Projects have been reviewed in The New York Times, Art in America, Art Forum, The New Yorker Magazine, artnet, artUS, Art News, Tema Celeste, Flash Art International and Art New England. He has appeared on TV and Radio in the United States and Europe to speak about contemporary art, and art and social change, including NBC Miami, BBC5 London, CBC Halifax and Toronto, and Connecticut Public Radio.

## Selected publications

* "Charles Ledray", Bass Museum of Art, 2013.
* "I Didn't Know They Were Canadian", in Oh Canada, MIT Press, 2012.
* "Hartford Arts Hurt By Loss Of Curators" in Hartford Courant, Op Ed, September 26, 2010
* "Quote, Endquote, Repeat: All Art is Contemporary", exhibition catalogue for The Endless Renaissance, Bass Museum of Art, 2009.
* Festschrift: Selections from a Collection. Leo Press, Hartford, 2008.
* "Joe Coleman Moderne Frõmmigkeit" Checkpoint. May–August 2007.
* "Joe Coleman's Modern Devotion". Palais de Tokyo Magazine. March 2007.
* None of the Above, Real Art Ways, 2005 ISBN 0-9717859-1-0
* "Charged Image vs. a University in Retreat". The Hartford Courant. 3 October 2004.
* Acquiring Taste: Work from the Collections of Janice and Mickey Cartin, Robinson and Nancy Grover, Peter Hirschl and Lisa Silvestri, and the LeWitt Collection, Real Art Ways, 2002. ISBN 0-9717859-0-2
* "Documentary Sculpture", Exhibition Catalogue, Real Art Ways, 2002
* "BOXWORKS: Sculpture by Thierry Delva", Dalhousie University Art Gallery, 1996.
* "The Word is Made Flesh, The Flesh is Made Word: Michel Foucault and His Gaze" in *Rewire*, Spring 1993.
* 'Photography as Theological Discourse" in the *Harvard Divinity Bulletin*, Vol. 21, No. 4, (1992).


title: Stockbridge Capital Group

abstract: Stockbridge Capital Group is a private-equity real estate investment company based in San Francisco, led by Terry Fancher and Sol Raso. Currently, the company has over $33 billion in assets under management. The company owns the Hollywood Park Casino in Inglewood, California and is partners with Kroenke Sports & Entertainment on SoFi Stadium and its surrounding development dubbed as Hollywood Park. Stockbridge purchased the property in July 2005 from Churchill Downs Incorporated for $260 million in cash and operated Hollywood Park Racetrack until 2013. Stockbridge also owns more than 200 manufactured home communities through Yes! Communities. They have received $1.3 billion in financing from Fannie Mae, which they used to acquire more manufactured homes. In 2016, Stockbridge sold part of Yes! to GIC Private Limited and the Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System (PSERS). Stockbridge in addition owns Bay Meadows, a master planned community in San Mateo, California that was formerly the site of Bay Meadows Racetrack. The company owns The Burbank Studios in Burbank, California, formerly NBC's NBC Studios in a joint venture with M. David Paul & Associates. The firm formerly owned 140 New Montgomery known as the Pac Bell Building in San Francisco from 2007 until April 2016. It also formerly owned the SLS Las Vegas from October 2015 until April 2018. In October 2019, Stockbridge Capital Group planned to raise up to $500 m for a new US real estate fund with value added. In November 2019, Stockbridge Capital Group purchased a US commercial estate of 8.7 million sqft from Hillwood Development Company for $800 million. In June 2020, David Egan joined as senior vice president of Stockbridge Capital Group.

text:
# Stockbridge Capital Group

**Stockbridge Capital Group** is a private-equity real estate investment company based in San Francisco, led by Terry Fancher and Sol Raso. Currently, the company has over $33 billion in assets under management.

The company owns the Hollywood Park Casino in Inglewood, California and is partners with Kroenke Sports & Entertainment on SoFi Stadium and its surrounding development dubbed as *Hollywood Park*. Stockbridge purchased the property in July 2005 from Churchill Downs Incorporated for $260 million in cash and operated Hollywood Park Racetrack until 2013. Stockbridge also owns more than 200 manufactured home communities through Yes! Communities. They have received $1.3 billion in financing from Fannie Mae, which they used to acquire more manufactured homes. In 2016, Stockbridge sold part of Yes! to GIC Private Limited and the Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System (PSERS). Stockbridge in addition owns Bay Meadows, a master planned community in San Mateo, California that was formerly the site of Bay Meadows Racetrack. The company owns The Burbank Studios in Burbank, California, formerly NBC's NBC Studios in a joint venture with M. David Paul & Associates.

The firm formerly owned 140 New Montgomery known as the Pac Bell Building in San Francisco from 2007 until April 2016. It also formerly owned the SLS Las Vegas from October 2015 until April 2018.

In October 2019, Stockbridge Capital Group planned to raise up to $500 m (€453.5 m) for a new US real estate fund with value added.

In November 2019, Stockbridge Capital Group purchased a US commercial estate of 8.7 million sqft from Hillwood Development Company for $800 million (€725.1 m).

In June 2020, David Egan joined as senior vice president of Stockbridge Capital Group.

## InfoBox

Stockbridge Capital Group, LLC
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Land development, Private Equity Real Estate |
| Founder | Terry Fancher and Sol Raso |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, California |
| Total assets | $33.1 US billion |
| Website | Official website |


title: Stockbridge Four Corners Bridge

abstract: The Stockbridge Four Corners Bridge is a steel girder bridge carrying Vermont Route 100 across the White River near the village of Stockbridge Four Corners in Stockbridge, Vermont. The bridge is a 2009 replacement for 1929 Pratt through truss bridge, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. The historic bridge replaced an older covered bridge destroyed by Vermont's devastating 1927 floods.

text:
# Stockbridge Four Corners Bridge

The **Stockbridge Four Corners Bridge** is a steel girder bridge carrying Vermont Route 100 across the White River near the village of Stockbridge Four Corners in Stockbridge, Vermont. The bridge is a 2009 replacement for 1929 Pratt through truss bridge, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. The historic bridge replaced an older covered bridge destroyed by Vermont's devastating 1927 floods.

## Site and modern bridge

The bridge site is locate just southwest of the village of Stockbridge Four Corners, which is formed by a right-angle turn of Vermont Route 100 and its junction with Stockbridge Common Road and Blackmer Boulevard. Vermont 100 runs west from the junction, and then crosses the river before bending to parallel the river running further southwest. The present bridge, constructed in 2008-2009, is a steel girder bridge whose deck is integrated into its abutments. The bridge is curved to accommodate the transition from the crossing to the southwest continuation of the roadway.

## Historic bridges

Early bridges were built on the site by the town. A covered bridge was washed away from the site by Vermont's devastating floods of 1927, which caused particularly severe damage in the White River valley. In 1929, the state retained the Berlin Construction Company to build a Pratt through truss at the site; it was built out of steel I-beams and placed on rubblestone abutments that were later reinforced with concrete footings. It was of a standardized design developed by the state in the wake of the floods to more effectively produce the many bridges requiring replacement.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Stockbridge Four Corners Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The modern deck girder bridge at the site | |
|  | |
| Location | VT 100 over the White R., Stockbridge, Vermont |
| Coordinates | 43°46′56″N 72°45′30″W / 43.78222°N 72.75833°W / 43.78222; -72.75833 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1929 (1929) |
| Built by | Berlin Construction Co. |
| Architectural style | Pratt through truss |
| MPS | Metal Truss, Masonry, and Concrete Bridges in Vermont MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001611 |
| Added to NRHP | November 14, 1991 |


title: Oakland, Union Parish, Louisiana

abstract: Oakland, Union Parish, Louisiana is a former community in northern Union Parish, Louisiana, United States. About one mile south of the Arkansas state line, it is 18 miles (29 km) north of Farmerville and 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Marion. It was also known as Union Cross Roads and Springhill or Spring Hill. Its location is where Oakland Highway comes to its end at north-south Louisiana Highway 549. There are signs indicating "Oakland" on all three approaches, but there are no buildings remaining anywhere in sight; the area is mostly used for tree farming. Also converging into what was Oakland are Phillips Road and Spring Hill Road. The Springhill Baptist Church is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away, at intersection with Spring Hill Church Road. Harold & Lynda Phillips wrote in 2000: "Originally there were two Springhill Baptist Churches at this location, one for African Americans and one for White[s] and the cemeteries were together but separated by a cross fence. The African American Church can be seen from the cemetery, but the white church moved closer to Oakland in the late 1800 or early 1900 and is on Hwy 551." As of 2000, both churches were active. Oakland rests at a relatively high elevation in Union Parish, at elevation of 256 feet (78 m), close to the parish's highest point of 285 feet (87 m) "in the uplands west of Oakland".

text:
# Oakland, Union Parish, Louisiana

**Oakland, Union Parish, Louisiana** is a former community in northern Union Parish, Louisiana, United States. About one mile south of the Arkansas state line, it is 18 miles (29 km) north of Farmerville and 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Marion. It was also known as **Union Cross Roads** and **Springhill** or **Spring Hill**.

Its location is where Oakland Highway (Louisiana Highway 551) comes to its end at north-south Louisiana Highway 549. There are signs indicating "Oakland" on all three approaches, but there are no buildings remaining anywhere in sight; the area is mostly used for tree farming. Also converging into what was Oakland are Phillips Road (Union Parish Road 6686) and Spring Hill Road. The Springhill Baptist Church is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away, at intersection with Spring Hill Church Road. Harold & Lynda Phillips wrote in 2000: "Originally there were two Springhill Baptist Churches at this location, one for African Americans and one for White\[s\] and the cemeteries were together but separated by a cross fence. The African American Church can be seen from the cemetery, but the white church moved closer to Oakland in the late 1800 or early 1900 and is on Hwy 551." As of 2000, both churches were active.

Oakland rests at a relatively high elevation in Union Parish, at elevation of 256 feet (78 m), close to the parish's highest point of 285 feet (87 m) "in the uplands west of Oakland".

## History

There were no wagon roads into the area before 1839, when the Blacks (a family name) party of six white families bound for Arkansas arrived at Farmville and were stopped by dense forest. They set their numerous slaves to work creating one, which ran from Farmville through Oakland into Union County, Arkansas.

What became Oakland acquired a church in 1848 or 1849 when Rev. George Everett (1798-1855) arrived from Alabama and founded the Springhill Baptist Church. He sought to use the name "Springhill" for the community when he applied to the U.S. postmaster to open a post office, in 1852. However a different Spring Hill (south of Marion) had just been approved, and the "government assigned Everett's post office the name of *Union Cross Roads*". The name was officially changed to *Oakland* on April 5, 1874.

It was indeed listed as "Union Cross Roads" in *Lippincott's Gazetteer or Geographical Dictionary'*s 1855 edition.

The Springhill or Spring Hill name apparently was still promoted and used (and is reflected in road names to this day). The 1860 census enumerator A.C. Wade, Ass't Marshall (mistakenly) filled in the Post Office field by handwritten "Spring Hill" on seven official census pages, each having 40 rows for name, age, sex, occupation, and birthplace. For example, see this first page, number 93. As can be seen from those pages typed up, the population was 279 (presumably in Oakland plus its area).

T.A. McFaden was postmaster in 1886; 64 persons signed petition to the US Post-Office Department supporting an increase of contract for W.J. Pickel to transport mail to & from Farmersville, Louisiana by way of Conway three times a week (up from some lower level of service), due to the weekly volume of 50 letters and 20 papers serving a population of 250 at Oakland and additional volume serving a farming population of 100 at Conway. This was approved by approved by A. Leo Knott, Second Assistant Postmaster-General. \</ref\>

A Masonic lodge, Spring Hill Lodge No. 27, was chartered in 1855 and was active in 1877, with location listed as Spring Hill Church P.O., Oakland, Union Parish". It was scheduled to meet monthly on the second Saturday. W.J. Pickels was the "Worshipful Master", T.M. Everett \[presumably related to the deceased Rev. George Everett\] was secretary, there were 19 members in total.

In 1906, *Lippincott's Gazetteer* named it as "Oakland, a post-village", and reported population of 75.

Early in the 1900s, during a statewide lumber boom, Oakhill was the location of two lumber mills of the Industrial Lumber Company. These were operational up to at least 1909 when the company built a new lumber mill and a company town at Elizabeth, Louisiana and moved its headquarters to there. Together the two mills had production capacity of 150,000 board-feet per day.

Given how the lumber industry worked in Louisiana in that era, the mills likely operated for only a few years, producing vast amounts of lumber, until all available forest in the area was clearcut. This occurred at Industrial Lumber Company's mill at Elizabeth, which processed 160,000 bf/day.

## Other

## InfoBox

| Oakland, Union Parish, Louisiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Former community | |
| Oakland, Union Parish, LouisianaOakland, Union Parish, Louisiana | |
| Coordinates: 32°59′45″N 92°21′02″W / 32.99573°N 92.35068°W / 32.99573; -92.35068 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Louisiana |
| Parish | Union |
| Elevation | 92 ft (28 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |


title: When We Break

abstract: When We Break is the second release by indie-rock band Criteria. It was released August 23, 2005 on Saddle Creek Records. The CD-release party was held in Omaha, Nebraska on August 20, 2005 at the Sokol Underground. Facing New York and local band, The Stay Awake opened the show. This album is the 81st release of Saddle Creek Records.

text:
# When We Break

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| IGN | 5.8/10 30 Aug 05 |
| Pitchfork Media | 4.8/10 17 Aug 05 |
| PopMatters | 3/10 19 Aug 05 |

***When We Break*** is the second release by indie-rock band Criteria. It was released August 23, 2005 on Saddle Creek Records.

The CD-release party was held in Omaha, Nebraska on August 20, 2005 at the Sokol Underground. Facing New York and local band, The Stay Awake opened the show.

This album is the 81st release of Saddle Creek Records.

## Track listing

1. "Prevent the World" – 2:43
2. "Draped in the Blood" – 2:33
3. "Good Luck" – 2:46
4. "Kiss the Wake" – 3:47
5. "Grey Matter" – 3:10
6. "Salt in Game" – 3:41
7. "Self Help" – 3:11
8. "Run Together" – 3:08
9. "Ride the Snake" – 3:07
10. "On Time" – 2:49
11. "Connections" – 5:00

## Musicians/Help

## InfoBox

| When We Break | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Criteria | |
| Released | August 23, 2005 |
| Recorded | C Plus Studio - Omaha, Nebraska
Presto! Recording Studios - Lincoln, Nebraska |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 36:02 |
| Label | Saddle Creek LBJ-81 |
| Producer | AJ Mogis |
| Criteria chronology | |
| *En Garde*
(2003) ***When We Break***
(2005) | |


title: What's New Pussycat?

abstract: What's New Pussycat? is a 1965 screwball comedy film directed by Clive Donner, written by Woody Allen in his first produced screenplay, and starring Allen in his acting debut, along with Peter Sellers, Peter O'Toole, Romy Schneider, Capucine, Paula Prentiss, and Ursula Andress. The Academy Award-nominated title song by Burt Bacharach (music) and Hal David (lyrics) is sung by Tom Jones. The film poster was painted by Frank Frazetta, and the animated title sequence was directed by Richard Williams. The expression "what's new pussycat?" arose from Charles K. Feldman, the producer, overhearing Warren Beatty, who was original choice for the lead role, answering the phone to a girlfriend and saying "what's up pussycat". In the film, Michael (O'Toole) calls all women "Pussycat" to avoid having to remember their names.

text:
# What's New Pussycat?

***What's New Pussycat?*** is a 1965 screwball comedy film directed by Clive Donner, written by Woody Allen in his first produced screenplay, and starring Allen in his acting debut, along with Peter Sellers, Peter O'Toole, Romy Schneider, Capucine, Paula Prentiss, and Ursula Andress.

The Academy Award-nominated title song by Burt Bacharach (music) and Hal David (lyrics) is sung by Tom Jones. The film poster was painted by Frank Frazetta, and the animated title sequence was directed by Richard Williams.

The expression "what's new pussycat?" arose from Charles K. Feldman, the producer, overhearing Warren Beatty, who was original choice for the lead role, answering the phone to a girlfriend and saying "what's up pussycat". In the film, Michael (O'Toole) calls all women "Pussycat" to avoid having to remember their names.

## Plot

Notorious womanizer Michael James wants to be faithful to his fiancée Carole Werner, but most women he meets become attracted to him, including neurotic exotic dancer Liz Bien and parachutist Rita, who accidentally lands in his car. His psychoanalyst, Dr. Fritz Fassbender, is unable to help, since he is pursuing patient Renée Lefebvre, who in turn longs for Michael. Carole, meanwhile, decides to make Michael jealous by flirting with his nervous wreck of a friend, Victor Shakapopulis. Victor struggles to be romantic, but Carole nevertheless feigns interest.

Fassbender continues to have group meetings with his neurotics and obsessives and cannot understand why everyone falls for Michael. The group sessions become stranger—including an indoor cricket match. Michael dreams that all his sexual conquests simultaneously bombard him for attention, listing the places where they had sex.

One night, Fassbender goes to the Seine, fills a rowing boat with kerosene and wraps himself in the Norwegian flag, preparing to commit suicide in the style of a Viking funeral. Victor, who has set up a small dining table nearby, asks what he is doing. Distracted, Fassbender forgets his idea of suicide and starts giving Victor advice. Despite his attempts to womanize, Fassbender is revealed to be married with three children.

Meanwhile, Carole's plan seems to work and Michael asks to marry her. She agrees and they settle on marrying within the week. She moves in with Michael, but he finds fidelity impossible. When Liz introduces herself as Michael's fiancée, Carole becomes indignant. Simultaneously, Rita parachutes into Michael's open-top sports car and the two check into a small country hotel, though he resists her attempts to seduce him.

Soon, all parties gradually arrive at the hotel; some are checked in, but most simply appear. This includes Carole's parents who wander the corridors, causing Michael to jump from room to room. A rumor also circulates locally that an orgy is taking place at the hotel, so side characters such as the petrol station attendant also surface. Carole arrives and wishes to see Michael's room. As they speak, all the other participants chase each other around in the background. Fassbender's overbearing wife, Anna, tracks him down.

Everyone ends up in Michael's room with most of the women half-naked. As the police arrive outside and form a line, Anna, dressed as a valkyrie and wielding a spear, leads the group through the police. They all escape to a go-kart circuit. They leave the circuit and go first to a farmyard, then through narrow village streets still on the go-karts, then back to the circuit.

After a mayor marries Michael and Carole in a civil marriage ceremony, the couple are signing the marriage certificate when Michael calls the young female registrar "Pussycat", infuriating Carole. They leave and Fassbender attempts to court her instead.

## Cast

## Production

Warren Beatty wanted to make a comedy film about male sex addiction and hoped Charles K. Feldman would produce it. The title *What's New Pussycat?* was taken from Beatty's phone salutation when speaking to his female friends. Beatty desired a role for his then-girlfriend, actress Leslie Caron, but Feldman wanted a different actress.

Beatty and Feldman sought a joke writer and, after seeing him perform in a New York club, Feldman offered Woody Allen $30,000. Allen accepted provided he could also appear in the film. As Allen worked on the script, his first screenplay, Beatty noticed that Allen's role was continually growing at the expense of his own.

Eventually, Beatty threatened to quit the production to stop this erosion, but the actor's status in Hollywood at that time had declined so severely that Feldman decided to let him leave and gave the part to Peter O'Toole. Beatty later said, "I diva'ed my way out of the movie. I walked off of *What's New, Pussycat?* thinking they couldn't do it without me. I was wrong." According to Beatty, a new screenwriter was brought in and Allen's role was pared back to a minor character.

Groucho Marx was to have played Dr. Fassbender, but at O'Toole's insistence, he was replaced by Peter Sellers. O'Toole, Sellers, and director Clive Donner all made changes to the script, straining their relationship with Allen. Tension was also generated by Sellers' demanding top billing, but O'Toole described the atmosphere as stimulating.

Second unit director Richard Talmadge is credited with creating the karting sequence. Principal photography began on October 13, 1964, and concluded on January 25, 1965, with locations including Paris, Luzarches, Castel Henriette in Sèvres, Château de Chaumontel in Chaumontel, and Billancourt Studios in Boulogne-Billancourt. The film was released in New York City on June 22, 1965, and opened in Paris in January 1966 as *Quoi de neuf, Pussycat?* It grossed $18,820,000 at the domestic box office.

In addition to the title theme, songs featured were "Here I Am" by Dionne Warwick and "My Little Red Book" performed by Manfred Mann.

## Reception

### Critical response

The film received mixed reviews. Bosley Crowther in *The New York Times* gave the film a negative review. He criticized the script, the directing and the acting and described the film as "the most outrageously cluttered and campy, noisy and neurotic display of what is evidently intended as way-out slapstick". He praised the scenery and title song. On the other hand, Andrew Sarris in *The Village Voice* wrote: "I have now seen *What's New Pussycat?* four times, and each time I find new nuances in the direction, the writing, the playing, and, above all, the music. This is one movie that is not what it seems at first glance. It has been attacked for tastelessness, and yet I have never seen a more tasteful sex comedy."

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 32% based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10.

### Accolades

| Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Academy Awards | Best Song | "What's New Pussycat?"
Music by Burt Bacharach;
lyrics by Hal David | Nominated |
| Laurel Awards | Top Male Comedy Performance | Peter Sellers | 4th place |
| | Top Song | "What's New Pussycat?"
Music by Burt Bacharach;
lyrics by Hal David | 4th place |
| Writers Guild of America Awards | Best Written American Comedy | Woody Allen | Nominated |

## Home media

*What's New Pussycat?* was released on DVD by MGM Home Video on June 7, 2005, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD, on May 22, 2007, as part of *The Peter Sellers Collection* (film number two in a four-disc set) and on Blu-ray by Kino Lorber on August 26, 2014, as a Region 1 widescreen Blu-ray. It was previously released in VHS.

## Novelization

Slightly in advance of the film's release, as was the custom of the era, a paperback novelization of the film was published by Dell Books by crime and western novelist Marvin H. Albert.

## Sequel

The 1970 film *Pussycat, Pussycat, I Love You* was intended as a sequel to this film, and includes much of the same premise of a young man (played by Ian McShane) visiting his psychiatrist to discuss his love life.

## InfoBox

| What's New Pussycat? | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster by Frank Frazetta | |
| Directed by | Clive Donner |
| Screenplay by | Woody Allen |
| Produced by | Charles K. Feldman |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Jean Badal |
| Edited by | Fergus McDonell |
| Music by | Burt Bacharach |
| Production
companies | * Famous Artists Productions * Famartists Productions S.A. |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release dates | * June 22, 1965 (1965-06-22) (United States) * January 28, 1966 (1966-01-28) (France) |
| Running time | 108 minutes |
| Countries | * United States * France |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $18.8 million |


title: What's New with Phil & Dixie

abstract: What's New with Phil & Dixie is a gaming parody comic by Phil Foglio. What's New was Foglio's first comic, and was published in the magazines Dragon and The Duelist, as well as in print collections and online.

text:
# What's New with Phil & Dixie

***What's New with Phil & Dixie*** is a gaming parody comic by Phil Foglio. *What's New* was Foglio's first comic, and was published in the magazines *Dragon* and *The Duelist*, as well as in print collections and online.

## Premise

The comic stars Phil Foglio, along with Dixie Null, as they explore the world of gaming, particularly tabletop RPGs, with a mixture of reportage and advice to the reader. Strips created for *The Duelist* magazine focused on *Magic: The Gathering*.

A long-running joke revolved around the often promised and often delayed "Sex in D&D" segment. This segment never appeared in magazine printings, but was finally written and included as additional material in one of the strip's book printings.

## Original magazine publications

In an interview, Foglio said that *What's New* was his start in comics, and was first published in *Dragon* magazine in 1980. In another interview, he said that he had done some covers for *Dragon*, and noted he could earn much more for similar effort if he added jokes.

The comic first appeared in *Dragon* shortly before issue #50 and ran until issue #84, when Foglio stopped the comic to work on other projects. According to Wizards, characters from *What's New* appeared in issue #5 of another Foglio work, a comic book adaptation of *Another Fine Myth*.

*What's New* was revived for a run in *The Duelist* magazine, also published by Wizards of the Coast. It ran in *The Duelist* from 1993 to 1999, ending when publication of *The Duelist* ceased.

After the end of *The Duelist*, the comic returned to *Dragon* and ran there from 1999 to 2003 (issues 265–311), plus a final "farewell" installment *Dragon* #359, the last issue of *Dragon* in print.

## Book printings and online publication

The entire run in *Dragon*, plus additional material, was published in two print collections by Palliard Press.

In 2001 a third volume was published by Studio Foglio collecting all the *Duelist* magazine strips, along with some bonus content.

From 2007 to 2010, *What's New* was republished on Foglio's website as a weekly webcomic. This has been offline since February 2016, along with webcomic republications of *Buck Godot* and *MythAdventures*, when Airship Entertainment's old website broke down.

## Reception

The author and blogger Cory Doctorow has said he loved *What's New* when he was a kid.

### Citations

### Comic references

Source dates in these references refer to the original printing date. These comics were reprinted on Foglio's website between 2007 and 2010.

1. Foglio, Phil (1981). "What's New with Phil & Dixie". *Airship Entertainment*. Archived from the original on 2015-04-28.
2. Foglio, Phil (1982). "What's New with Phil & Dixie". *Airship Entertainment*. Archived from the original on 2015-04-28.
3. Foglio, Phil (1984). "What's New with Phil & Dixie". *Airship Entertainment*. Archived from the original on 2015-04-28.
4. Foglio, Phil. "What's New with Phil & Dixie". *Airship Entertainment*. Archived from the original on 2015-04-28.
5. Foglio, Phil. "What's New with Phil & Dixie". *Airship Entertainment*. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2020-11-17.

## InfoBox

| What's New with Phil & Dixie | |
| --- | --- |
| The characters of *What's New*, Phil Foglio (left, an author self-insert) and Dixie Null | |
| Author(s) | Phil Foglio |
| Website | airshipentertainment.com/growf.html \- dead link, archived here |
| Launch date | 1980 |
| End date | 2003 |
| Publisher(s) | *Dragon* Magazine (1980-1984, 1999-2003)<br>*The Duelist* (1993-1999) |
| Genre(s) | Parody |


title: What's New (Linda Ronstadt album)

abstract: What's New is an album of traditional pop standards released by American singer Linda Ronstadt in 1983. It represents the first in a trilogy of 1980s albums Ronstadt recorded with arranger Nelson Riddle. John Kosh designed the album covers for all three albums.

text:
# What's New (Linda Ronstadt album)

***What's New*** is an album of traditional pop standards released by American singer Linda Ronstadt in 1983. It represents the first in a trilogy of 1980s albums Ronstadt recorded with arranger Nelson Riddle. John Kosh designed the album covers for all three albums.

## Production

The album was a major change in direction because Ronstadt was then considered the leading female vocalist in rock. Both her record company and manager, Peter Asher, were very reluctant to produce this album with Ronstadt, but eventually her determination won them over and the albums exposed a whole new generation to the sounds of the pre-swing and swing eras. The one-time popular music sung by Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Rosemary Clooney, Peggy Lee, and their contemporaries was relegated in the 1960s and 1970s to Las Vegas club acts and elevator music. Ronstadt later remarked that she did her part in rescuing these songs which she called "little jewels of artistic expression" from "spending the rest of their lives riding up and down on the elevators." The album's second single, "I've Got a Crush on You" had already been part of Ronstadt's repertoire for several years, as she'd performed it during a 1980 appearance on *The Muppet Show*.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Robert Christgau | C− |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *Time* |  |

*What's New* was released in September 1983 and spent 81 weeks on the main *Billboard* album chart. Its release came as the radio programming format known as Adult Standards was taking off via programming concepts such as Music of Your Life, which specialized in returning pre-rock popular music and the songs of the Great American Songbook to the American airwaves. The album held the number 3 position for five consecutive weeks while Michael Jackson's *Thriller* and Lionel Richie's *Can't Slow Down* locked in the number 1 and number 2 album positions. The album also reached number 2 on the jazz albums chart. It was RIAA certified Triple Platinum for sales of over 3 million copies in the United States alone. Global sales surpassed five million. The album also earned Ronstadt another Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female alongside Donna Summer, Bonnie Tyler, Irene Cara and Sheena Easton, all of whom performed live on the 1984 Grammy telecast. Two singles, the title song and "I've Got a Crush on You," became hits on Adult Contemporary radio stations, with the title song also reaching the Top 50 on the Billboard Hot 100.

All tracks are also included in the compilation "'Round Midnight", released on Asylum Records in 1986.

Stephen Holden of *The New York Times* noted the significance of the album to popular culture when he wrote that *What's New* "isn't the first album by a rock singer to pay tribute to the golden age of pop, but is ... the best and most serious attempt to rehabilitate an idea of pop that Beatlemania and the mass marketing of rock LPs for teen-agers undid in the mid-60s. In the decade prior to Beatlemania, most of the great band singers and crooners of the 40s and 50s codified a half-century of American pop standards on dozens of albums, many of them now long out-of-print."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "What's New?" | Johnny Burke, Bob Haggart | 3:55 |
| 2. | "I've Got a Crush on You" | George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin | 3:28 |
| 3. | "Guess I'll Hang My Tears Out to Dry" | Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne | 4:13 |
| 4. | "Crazy He Calls Me" | Carl Sigman, Sidney Keith Russell | 3:33 |
| 5. | "Someone to Watch Over Me" | George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin | 4:09 |
| 6. | "I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You" | Bing Crosby, Ned Washington, Victor Young | 4:06 |
| 7. | "What'll I Do" | Irving Berlin | 4:06 |
| 8. | "Lover Man (Oh Where Can You Be?)" | Jimmy Davis, Jimmy Sherman, Roger "Ram" Ramirez | 4:18 |
| 9. | "Goodbye" | Gordon Jenkins | 4:47 |
| Total length: | | | 36:35 |

## Personnel

## Production

* Peter Asher – producer
* George Massenburg – engineer, mixing
* Barbara Rooney – recording assistant, mix assistant
* Robert Spano – recording assistant, mix assistant
* Doug Sax – mastering at The Mastering Lab (Hollywood, California).
* Gloria Boyce – album coordinator
* John Kosh – art direction, design
* Ron Larson – art direction, design
* Brian Aris – photography
* Genny Schorr – wardrobe stylist

## Charts

| Chart (1983–84) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 26 |
| Canadian *RPM* Top Albums | 18 |
| United Kingdom (Official Charts Company) | 31 |
| United States (Billboard 200) | 3 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release history and formats for *What's New*
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North America | September 12, 1983 | * LP * cassette | Asylum Records |  |
|

## InfoBox

| What's New | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Linda Ronstadt | |
| Released | September 12, 1983 |
| Recorded | June 30, 1982 – March 4, 1983 |
| Studio | The Complex, Los Angeles |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 36:35 |
| Label | Asylum |
| Producer | Peter Asher |
| Linda Ronstadt chronology | |
| *Get Closer*
(1982) ***What's New***
(1983) *Lush Life*
(1984) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *What's New* | |
| 1. "What's New"
Released: October 1983 2. "I've Got a Crush on You"
Released: January 1984 3. "Someone to Watch Over Me"
Released: April 1984 | |
|  | |


title: Ochrodota affinis

abstract: Ochrodota affinis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Ochrodota affinis

***Ochrodota affinis*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Ochrodota affinis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Ochrodota* |
| Species: | ***O. affinis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ochrodota affinis***<br>Rothschild, 1909 | |
|