title: Phalanx CIWS

abstract: The Phalanx CIWS is an automated gun-based close-in weapon system to defend military watercraft automatically against incoming threats such as aircraft, missiles, and small boats. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division, later a part of Raytheon. Consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm (0.8 in) Vulcan cannon mounted on a swiveling base, the Phalanx has been used by the United States Navy and the naval forces of 15 other countries. The U.S. Navy deploys it on every class of surface combat ship, except the Zumwalt-class destroyer and San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock. Other users include the British Royal Navy, the Royal Australian Navy, the Royal New Zealand Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy, and the U.S. Coast Guard. A land variant, the LPWS, part of the Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (C-RAM) system, was developed. It was deployed to counter rocket, artillery and mortar attacks during the 2021 US withdrawal from Afghanistan. The U.S. Navy also fields the SeaRAM system, which pairs the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile with sensors based on the Phalanx.

text:
# Phalanx CIWS

The **Phalanx CIWS** (*SEE-wiz*) is an automated gun-based close-in weapon system to defend military watercraft automatically against incoming threats such as aircraft, missiles, and small boats. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division, later a part of Raytheon. Consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm (0.8 in) Vulcan cannon mounted on a swiveling base, the Phalanx has been used by the United States Navy and the naval forces of 15 other countries. The U.S. Navy deploys it on every class of surface combat ship, except the *Zumwalt*-class destroyer and *San Antonio*-class amphibious transport dock. Other users include the British Royal Navy, the Royal Australian Navy, the Royal New Zealand Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy, and the U.S. Coast Guard.

A land variant, the LPWS (Land Phalanx Weapon System), part of the Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (C-RAM) system, was developed. It was deployed to counter rocket, artillery and mortar attacks during the 2021 US withdrawal from Afghanistan. The U.S. Navy also fields the SeaRAM system, which pairs the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile with sensors based on the Phalanx.

## History

The Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) was developed as the last line of automated weapons defense (terminal defense or point defense) against all incoming threats, including antiship missiles (AShMs or ASMs), aircraft including high-g and maneuvering sea-skimmers, and small boats.

The first prototype system was offered to the U.S. Navy for evaluation on the destroyer leader USS *King* in 1973 and it was determined that further work was required to improve performance and reliability. Subsequently, the Phalanx Operational Suitability Model successfully completed its Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E) on board the destroyer USS *Bigelow* in 1977. The model exceeded operational maintenance, reliability, and availability specifications. Another evaluation successfully followed, and the weapon system was approved for production in 1978. Phalanx production started with orders for 23 USN and 14 foreign military systems. The first ship fully fitted out was the aircraft carrier USS *Coral Sea* in 1980. The Navy began placing CIWS systems on non-combatant vessels in 1984.

## Design

The basis of the system is the 20 mm M61 Vulcan rotary cannon, used by the United States military on various tactical aircraft since 1959, linked to a Ku band fire control radar system for acquiring and tracking targets. This proven system was combined with a purpose-made mounting, capable of fast elevation and traverse speeds, to track incoming targets. An entirely self-contained unit, the mounting houses the gun, an automated fire-control system and all other major components, enabling it to automatically search for, detect, track, engage, and confirm kills using its computer-controlled radar system. Owing to this self-contained nature, Phalanx is ideal for support ships, which lack integrated targeting systems and generally have limited sensors. The entire unit has a mass between 12,400 to 13,500 lb (5,600 to 6,100 kg).

Because of their distinctive barrel-shaped radome and their automated operation, Phalanx CIWS units are sometimes nicknamed "R2-D2" after the droid from the *Star Wars* films.

### Upgrades

The Phalanx system has been developed through several configurations. The basic (original) is the Block 0, equipped with first-generation, solid-state electronics and with marginal capability against surface targets. The Block 1 (1988) upgrade improved radar, ammunition, computing power, rate of fire, and an increase in maximum engagement elevation to +70 degrees. These improvements were intended to increase the system's capability against emerging Russian supersonic anti-ship missiles. Block 1A introduced a new computer system to counter more maneuverable targets. The Block 1B PSuM (Phalanx Surface Mode, 1999) adds a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor to make the weapon effective against surface targets. This addition was developed to provide ship defense against small vessel threats and other "floaters" in littoral waters and to improve the weapon's performance against slower low-flying aircraft. The FLIR's capability is also of use against low-observability missiles and can be linked with the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) system to increase RAM engagement range and accuracy. The Block 1B also allows for an operator to visually identify and target threats.

Since the end of FY 2015, the US Navy has upgraded all Phalanx systems to the Block 1B variant. In addition to the FLIR sensor, the Block 1B incorporates an automatic acquisition video tracker, optimized gun barrels (OGB), and Enhanced Lethality Cartridges (ELC) for additional capabilities against asymmetric threats such as small maneuvering surface craft, slow-flying fixed and rotary-winged aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The FLIR sensor improves performance against anti-ship cruise missiles, while the OGB and ELC provide tighter dispersion and increased "first-hit" range; the Mk 244 ELC is specifically designed to penetrate anti-ship missiles with a 48 percent heavier tungsten penetrator round and an aluminum nose piece. Another system upgrade is the Phalanx 1B Baseline 2 radar to improve detection performance, increase reliability, and reduce maintenance. It also has a surface mode to track, detect, and destroy threats closer to the water's surface, increasing the ability to defend against fast-attack boats and low-flying missiles. As of 2019, the Baseline 2 radar upgrade has been installed on all U.S. Navy Phalanx system-equipped vessels. The Block 1B is also used by other navies, such as Canada, Portugal, Japan, Egypt, Bahrain, and the UK.

In April 2017, Raytheon tested a new electric gun for the Phalanx allowing the system to fire at varying rates to conserve ammunition. The new design replaces the pneumatic motor, compressor, and storage tanks, reducing system weight by 180 lb (82 kg) while increasing reliability and reducing operating costs.

## Operation

The CIWS is designed to be the last line of defense against anti-ship missiles. Due to its design criteria, its effective range is very short relative to the range of modern ASMs, from 1 to 5 nautical miles (2 to 9 km). The gun mount moves at a very high speed and with great precision. The system takes minimal inputs from the ship, making it capable of functioning despite potential damage to the ship.

The only inputs required for operation are 440  AC three-phase electric power at 60 Hz and water (for electronics cooling). For full operation, including some nonessential functions, it also has inputs for ship's true compass heading and 115 V AC for the WinPASS subsystem. WinPASS (Windows-based Parameter Analysis and Storage Subsystem) is a secondary computer built into the local control station that allows technicians to perform various tests on system hardware and software for maintenance and troubleshooting purposes. It also stores data from any engagements the system conducts so that it can later be analyzed.

### Radar subsystems

The CIWS has two antennas that work together to engage targets. The first antenna, for searching, is located inside the radome on the weapon control group (top of the white-painted portion). The search subsystem provides bearing, range, velocity, heading, and altitude information of potential targets to the CIWS computer. This information is analyzed to determine whether the detected object should be engaged by the CIWS system. Once the computer identifies a valid target (see details below), the mount moves to face the target and then hands the target over to the tracking antenna at around 4.5 nautical miles (8 km). The track antenna is extremely precise, but views a much smaller area. The tracking subsystem observes the target until the computer determines that the probability of a successful hit is maximized and then, depending on the operator conditions, the system either fires automatically at around 1 nautical mile (2 km) or recommends fire to the operator. While firing 75 rounds per second, the system tracks outgoing rounds and 'walks' them onto the target.

### Gun and ammunition handling system

The Block 0 CIWS mounts (hydraulic driven) fired at a rate of 3,000 rounds per minute and held 989 rounds in the magazine drum. The Block 1 CIWS mounts (hydraulic) also fired at 3,000 rounds per minute with an extended magazine drum holding 1,550 rounds. The Block 1A and newer (pneumatic driven) CIWS mounts fire at a rate of 4,500 rounds per minute with a 1,550-round magazine. The velocity of the rounds fired is about 3,600 feet per second (1,100 m/s). The rounds are armor-piercing tungsten penetrator rounds or depleted uranium with discardable plastic sabots. The Phalanx CIWS 20–mm rounds are designed to destroy a missile's airframe and make it non-aerodynamic, thus keeping shrapnel from the exploding projectile to a minimum, effectively keeping secondary damage to a minimum. The ammunition handling system has two conveyor belt systems. The first takes the rounds out of the magazine drum to the gun; the second takes empty shells or unfired rounds to the opposite end of the drum.

The 20–mm APDS rounds consist of a 15 mm (0.59 in) penetrator encased in a plastic sabot and a lightweight metal pusher. Rounds fired by the Phalanx cost around $30 each and the gun typically fires 100 or more when engaging a target.

### CIWS contact target identification

The CIWS does not recognize identification friend or foe, also known as IFF. The CIWS has only the data it collects in real time from the radars to decide if the target is a threat and to engage it. A contact must meet multiple criteria for the CIWS to consider it a target.  These criteria include:

1. Is the range of the target increasing or decreasing in relation to the ship? The CIWS search radar sees contacts that are out-bound and discards them. The CIWS engages a target only if it is approaching the ship.
2. Is the contact capable of maneuvering to hit the ship? If a contact is not heading directly at the ship, the CIWS looks at its heading in relation to the ship and its velocity. It then decides if the contact can still perform a maneuver to hit the ship.
3. Is the contact traveling between the minimum and maximum velocities? The CIWS has the ability to engage targets that travel in a wide range of speeds; however, it is not an infinitely wide range. The system has a target maximum-velocity limit. If a target exceeds this velocity, the CIWS does not engage it. It also has a target minimum-velocity limit, and does not engage any contact below that velocity. The operator can adjust the minimum and maximum limits within the limits of the system.

There are many other subsystems that together ensure proper operation, such as environmental control, transmitter, mount movement control, power control and distribution, and so on. It takes six to eight months to train a technician to maintain, operate, and repair the CIWS.

## Incidents

### Drone exercise accidents

On 10 February 1983, USS *Antrim* was conducting a live-fire exercise off the East Coast of the United States using the Phalanx against a target drone. Although the drone was successfully engaged at close range, the debris of the destroyed target bounced off the sea surface and struck the ship, causing significant damage and fire from the drone's residual fuel and killing a civilian instructor aboard the ship.

On 13 October 1989, USS *El Paso* was conducting a live-fire exercise off the East Coast of the United States using the Phalanx against a target drone. The drone was successfully engaged, but as the drone fell to the sea, the CIWS re-engaged it as a continued threat to *El Paso*. Rounds from the Phalanx struck the bridge of USS *Iwo Jima*, killing one officer and injuring a petty officer.

### Iran–Iraq War

On 17 May 1987, during the Iran–Iraq War, which the US was observing as a non-combatant, an Iraqi Dassault Mirage F1 fighter fired two Exocet missiles at what was deemed to be a suitable target, but was the American frigate USS *Stark*.

The Phalanx CIWS remained in standby mode and the Mark 36 SRBOC countermeasures were not armed, as no attack had been expected. Both missiles struck the port side of the ship near the bridge. 37 United States Navy personnel were killed and 21 wounded. Iraq apologized and paid compensation for this unintentional attack.

### Iraqi missile attack in 1991 Gulf War

On 25 February 1991, during the first Gulf War, the Phalanx-equipped frigate USS *Jarrett* was a few miles from the U.S. Navy battleship USS *Missouri* and the Royal Navy destroyer HMS *Gloucester*. An Iraqi missile battery fired two Silkworm anti-ship missiles (often referred to as the *Seersucker*); *Missouri* responded by firing its SRBOC chaff countermeasures. The Phalanx system on *Jarrett*, operating in automatic target-acquisition mode, fixed on *Missouri*'s chaff and fired a burst of rounds, of which four hit *Missouri*, 2 to 3 nautical miles (4 to 6 km) from *Jarrett* at the time. There were no injuries on *Missouri*, and the Iraqi missiles were destroyed by Sea Dart missiles fired by *Gloucester*.

### Pearl Harbor Accidental Discharge

On May 5, 1994, the port side Phalanx on board the USS *Lake Erie* accidentally fired two depleted uranium rounds while the ship was at its berth at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Sailors were conducting a firing circuit test as part of routine maintenance on the CIWS system at the time. A Judge Advocate General investigation concluded that required CIWS pre and post-firing inspections had not been properly conducted and the rounds had gone undetected in the ammunition drive. It is believed by the Navy that the rounds fell in an undeveloped mountainous area near Aiea, HI. There were no reports of any injuries or property damage as a result of the accidental discharge.

### Accidental shoot-down of US aircraft by Japanese ship

On 4 June 1996, a Phalanx operated by the JMSDF accidentally shot down a US A-6 Intruder from the aircraft carrier USS *Independence* that was towing a radar target during gunnery exercises about 1,500 mi (2,400 km) west of the main Hawaiian island of Oahu. The *Asagiri*-class destroyer JDS *Yūgiri* locked onto the Intruder instead of the target, or tracked up the tow cable after acquiring the towed target. The aircraft's two-man crew ejected safely. A post-accident investigation concluded that *Yūgiri*'s gunnery officer gave the order to fire before the A-6 was out of the CIWS engagement envelope.

### Red Sea crisis

On 30 January 2024, Houthis fired an anti-ship cruise missile toward the Red Sea. The missile came within a mile of the *Arleigh Burke*-class destroyer USS *Gravely*. The Phalanx CIWS aboard *Gravely* was used to shoot down the missile. This was the first time the Phalanx CIWS was used to down a Houthi-fired missile. No damage or injuries were reported.

## Centurion C-RAM

Seeking a solution to continual rocket and mortar attacks on bases in Iraq, the U.S. Army requested a quick-to-field antiprojectile system in May 2004, as part of its Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar initiative. The result of this program was the "Centurion". For all intents and purposes a terrestrial version of the Navy's CIWS, the Centurion was rapidly developed, with a proof-of-concept test in November that same year. Deployment to Iraq began in 2005, where it was set up to protect forward operating bases and other high-value sites in and around the capital, Baghdad. Israel purchased a single system for testing purposes, and was reported to have considered buying the system to counter rocket attacks and defend point military installations. However, the swift and effective development and performance of Israel's indigenous Iron dome system has ruled out any purchase or deployment of Centurion. Each system consists of a modified Phalanx 1B CIWS, powered by an attached generator and mounted on a trailer for mobility. Including the same 20 mm M61A1 Gatling gun, the unit is likewise capable of firing 4,500 20–mm rounds per minute. In 2008, there were more than 20 C-RAM systems protecting bases in the U.S. Central Command area of operations. A Raytheon spokesman told the *Navy Times* that 105 attacks were defeated by the systems, most of them involving mortars. Based on the success of Centurion, 23 additional systems were ordered in September 2008.

Like the naval (1B) version, Centurion uses Ku-band radar and FLIR to detect and track incoming projectiles, and is also capable of engaging surface targets, with the system able to reach a minus-25-degree elevation. The Centurion is reportedly capable of defending a 0.5 sq mi (1.3 km2) area. One major difference between the land- and sea-based variants is the choice of ammunition. Whereas naval Phalanx systems fire tungsten armor-piercing rounds, the C-RAM uses the 20–mm HEIT-SD (High-Explosive Incendiary Tracer, Self-Destruct) ammunition, originally developed for the M163 Vulcan Air Defense System. These rounds explode if they impact a target, but if they miss they self-destruct on tracer burnout, greatly reducing the risk of collateral damage from misses.

## Operators

### Current operators

Australia

Bahrain

Canada

Chile

Ecuador

Egypt

Greece

India

Israel

Japan

Mexico

New Zealand

Pakistan

Poland

Portugal

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Thailand

Turkey

Taiwan (13 sets MK15 Phalanx Block 1B Baseline 2, 8 set is for upgrading the current Block 0 to MK15 Phalanx Block 1B Baseline 2, total cost: 0.416B with 260K MK 244 MOD 0 armor piercing bullet, Baseline2 is the newest model in Block 1B on 11/2016)

United Kingdom

United States

### Former deployment

Australia

Canada

Japan

Malaysia

New Zealand

Pakistan

Thailand

Taiwan

United Kingdom

United States

### Former operators

Afghanistan

## Specifications (Block 1A/B)

* **Gun**: 1× 20–mm M61A2 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon
* **Height**: 15.5 ft (4.7 m)
* **Weight**: 12,500 lb (5,700 kg), later models 13,600 lb (6,200 kg)
* **Elevation**: −25° to +85°
* **Muzzle velocity**: 3,600 ft/s (1,100 m/s)
* **Rate of fire**: 4,500 rounds/minute
* **Maximum burst size**: 1000 rounds
* **Ammunition capacity**: 1,550 rounds
* **Radar**: Ku band
* **Cost**: $12 Million
* **Target Mach**: 2.

## Similar systems

## InfoBox

| Phalanx CIWS | |
| --- | --- |
| Phalanx CIWS aboard USS Elrod FFG-55. | |
| Type | Close-in weapon system |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1980–present |
| Used by | See *operators* |
| Wars | Persian Gulf War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | General Dynamics |
| Designed | 1969 |
| Manufacturer | General Dynamics |
| Unit cost | * 5 × Block 1B £8.56M each to UK * 9 × Block 1B US$13.66M each for SK * 13 × Mk 15 Block 1B Baseline 2 for TW, total cost: US$416M with 260,000 × Mk 244 Mod 0 armor-piercing bullet. 8 sets are for upgrading the current Block 0 to MK15 Phalanx Block 1B Baseline 2. |
| Produced | 1978 |
| Variants | 3 |
| Specifications (early models) | |
| Mass | * 12,500 lb (5,700 kg) |
| Barrel length | 59.8 in (1,520 mm) L76 gun (Block 0 & 1): |
| Height | 15.5 ft (4.7 m) |
| --- | |
| Shell | 20×102mm tungsten Armor-piercing discarding sabot or High-explosive incendiary tracer |
| Caliber | 20 mm (0.79 in) |
| Barrels | 6-barrel (progressive RH parabolic twist, 9 grooves) |
| Elevation | * Block 0: −10°/+80° * Block 1: −20°/+80° * Block 1B: −25°/+85° |
| Traverse | 150° from either side of centerline |
| Rate of fire | 4,500 rounds/minute (75 rounds/second) |
| Muzzle velocity | 3,600 ft/s (1,100 m/s) |
| Effective firing range | 1,625 yd (1,486 m) max. effective range |
| Maximum firing range | 6,000 yd (5,500 m) |


title: Hori Bakusui

abstract: Hori Bakusui 堀麦水 (1718-1783) was a major Japanese poet of the Matsuo Bashō revival, writing traditional style haiku poems.

text:
# Hori Bakusui

**Hori Bakusui** 堀麦水 (1718-1783) was a major Japanese poet of the Matsuo Bashō revival, writing traditional style haiku poems.

## Biography

Little is known of Bakusui's life apart from his poems. He came from Kanazawa in the middle Edo period, and studied under Otsuyu. He is considered romantic by temperament, and he attempted to revive the early style of the classical Haiku poet of the previous century, Matsuo Bashō, from the book *Minashiguri*. in 1770 he wrote a book of laconic comments on Bashō's hokku, called *Jōkyō shōfū kukai densho* (Orthodox style of the Jōkyō era: Verses with critical commentary).

## Haiku

One of Bakusui's poems, on the popular haiku theme of the dragonfly, runs:

> Dyeing his body
> autumn—
> the dragonfly.
>
> Bakusui

Another version on the same subject is

> Dyed he is with the
> Colour of autumnal days,
> O red dragonfly.


title: Tuscany Village

abstract: Tuscany Village is a golf course community located in Henderson, Nevada. It was originally proposed by developer Jim Rhodes in 1995, under the name Palm City. The project was proposed for the former site of the Stewart gravel pit. The surrounding area initially sparked concern about the location's suitability, due to various environmental issues at the time. The site was located near sewage ponds and a longtime manufacturer of chemicals which had contaminated the land. Groundwater was also found to have high radioactive levels. Rhodes graded the property in the late 1990s, but never began construction. His lender became insolvent and he sold the property in 2000 to Commerce Associates, which renamed the project Tuscany Hills. The property and surrounding acreage were designated by Henderson as a redevelopment area, making the project eligible for city funding. After various delays, the Tuscany Golf Club opened in 2003. It is 150 acres, and was designed by Ted Robinson. Rhodes subsequently took back ownership of the course and the undeveloped residential land. Home construction was underway in 2005. Rhodes filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy four years later, and Tuscany was turned over to creditors. At the time, 700 of 2,000 planned homes had been built. Ownership changed several more times, and the golf course was renamed Chimera Golf Club in 2015.

text:
# Tuscany Village

**Tuscany Village** is a golf course community located in Henderson, Nevada. It was originally proposed by developer Jim Rhodes in 1995, under the name Palm City. The project was proposed for the former site of the Stewart gravel pit. The surrounding area initially sparked concern about the location's suitability, due to various environmental issues at the time. The site was located near sewage ponds and a longtime manufacturer of chemicals which had contaminated the land. Groundwater was also found to have high radioactive levels.

Rhodes graded the property in the late 1990s, but never began construction. His lender became insolvent and he sold the property in 2000 to Commerce Associates, which renamed the project Tuscany Hills. The property and surrounding acreage were designated by Henderson as a redevelopment area, making the project eligible for city funding.

After various delays, the Tuscany Golf Club opened in 2003. It is 150 acres (61 hectares), and was designed by Ted Robinson. Rhodes subsequently took back ownership of the course and the undeveloped residential land. Home construction was underway in 2005. Rhodes filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy four years later, and Tuscany was turned over to creditors. At the time, 700 of 2,000 planned homes had been built. Ownership changed several more times, and the golf course was renamed Chimera Golf Club in 2015.

## History

### Original plans

The project was originally proposed by developer Jim Rhodes in 1995, under the name Palm City. It was initially planned as an age-restricted community with 2,600 homes. As years went by, the unbuilt project was redesigned as an all-ages community, and was downsized to 2,200 homes. Plans for a three-acre (1.2-hectare) commercial building site were also scrapped. Added to the plans were a 10-acre (4.0-hectare) elementary school, two parks, and trails and bike lanes. Palm City was meant as an affordable version of Rhodes Ranch, another community in the Las Vegas Valley. Like Rhodes Ranch, it would also include a golf course designed by Ted Robinson. Rhodes received approval from the city of Henderson in 1998, and he began grading the property that year. The site included the Stewart gravel pit, which had been abandoned since the 1980s. The former gravel mine accounted for a majority of the future community's land.

Most residents in the area initially approved of Palm City. However, the site for Palm City was located near sewage ponds and a longtime manufacturer of chemicals which had contaminated the land. Ground water was also found to have high radioactive levels, although Rhodes Design and Development Corporation planned to proceed with the project, as local officials had yet to declare a health concern. Residents became worried about the presence of chemicals, and also become concerned about the size of the Palm City project and the increased traffic that it would bring to the area. Another possible issue was that ground water would rise to the surface and flood yards in the future community. In addition, state and local environmental officials said there was the possibility that the Las Vegas Valley's water supply would become contaminated if Rhodes was not careful. Palm City would be developed adjacent to the Las Vegas Wash, and officials stated that Rhodes would need a plan to prevent contaminated water from entering the wash.

Meanwhile, the city had concerns about a 26-building condominium complex that Rhodes wanted to include in the community, stating that his 13-acre (5.3-hectare) site was not large enough to support the project. In 1999, a contractor on the project sued Rhodes, claiming that he refused to pay $150,000 for underground utility work. This came after the contractor filed a lien on the project. In 2000, Rhodes Homes sold the undeveloped Palm City land in a $30 million deal, after its lender became insolvent. The 521-acre (211-hectare) site had been graded, but construction had yet to begin.

### Tuscany

Commerce Associates, the new owner, renamed the project Tuscany Hills. The project was approved by the Henderson Planning Commission in 2001. An 18-hole golf course was scheduled to open to the public in 2002, to be followed later in the year by completion of homes. The city also designated the site as a redevelopment area, making it eligible for city funding. Tuscany was expected to provide $263 million in new tax revenue for Henderson over a period of 30 years. Aside from Tuscany's 525 acres (212 hectares), the redevelopment area also included 325 surrounding acres (132 surrounding hectares), for a total of 850 (340). The redevelopment deal created controversy over city ethics, as two minority owners in Commerce Associates also sat on the Henderson Redevelopment Advisory Commission, and they resigned only weeks prior to the deal.

In June 2002, a majority stakeholder in Commerce Associates sued his business partner in the company, claiming that he diverted millions of dollars from the company for his own uses. A month later, Henderson mortgage executive Tom Hantges filed a civil lawsuit alleging that the redevelopment agency broke state laws. The Tuscany project had been approved for redevelopment funds because a portion of the property was classified as an abandoned mine. However, aerial photographs showed that little had remained of the gravel pit, as Rhodes had cleared most of it out. City officials stated that the site still qualified as a blight. Henderson mayor James B. Gibson said, "It has to be a priority of the city to reclaim that land and a lot of the surrounding land and it's no easy task given the industrial uses that were prevalent on much of that area."

Managing partners at Commerce Associates stated that Hantges' lawsuit was part of an effort to force a settlement in an unrelated racketeering suit that the company had filed against him. The city requested that the suit be dismissed, and a district judge later ruled against Hantges, stating that his lawsuit was filed nearly a year after a 90-day deadline for such action. Hantges had also been concerned about a conflict of interest regarding the redevelopment agency, although the Supreme Court of Nevada ruled against him as well, stating that there was no such issue as the board members recused themselves from discussions and voting.

Golf club signTuscany entrance

The United States Environmental Protection Agency evaluated nearly 400 acres (160 hectares) of evaporation ponds, located west of Tuscany. The agency concluded that there was no risk posed by the former ponds, which had previously been used to dispose of chemical wastewater. However, there was concern about a nearby Good Humor-Breyers ice cream factory, which used ammonia as a coolant. More than 99,000 pounds (45,000 kg) of the chemical were stored at the facility. In the event of an accidental ammonia leak, a toxic plume would extend up to 2,300 feet (700 m), well within range of Tuscany. Studies were taken in 2003 to determine whether the Tuscany plans would need to be altered to avoid a health hazard. City officials said they had not previously considered conducting such studies. Because the site used to be a gravel pit, much of Tuscany was built at least 40 feet (12 m) below street level, a fact that would work in favor of the community in the event of an ammonia leak, as the chemical would rise into the air. A final report in 2003 found that Tuscany would not need to be altered because of the ammonia threat, allowing the project to proceed.

The Tuscany golf course contains 150 acres (61 hectares). Because of a lack of surrounding infrastructure, the developers had to bring in water and sewer lines. The course had been completed in early 2002, but it sat un-used for more than a year as the opening was delayed by the lawsuits, as well as permit problems. The slow construction of roads and parking lots was another factor. The golf course eventually opened in 2003, and is the centerpiece of the community. It was designed to resemble an Italian vineyard. Home construction had yet to begin at that time.

In 2004, Jim Rhodes purchased the Tuscany Golf Club from Commerce Associates. He closed it for renovations to restore the previous design intended by Robinson. It reopened later that year. Rhodes Homes also took over the residential aspect, now known as Tuscany Village. Construction of homes was underway in 2005, and the community opened that year. There were 168 homes built by 2006. The community's architecture is based on the Italian region of Tuscany. The golf course was praised. As of 2007, the facility hosted 46,000 rounds of golf annually, and it was named by *Golf Magazine* as the number-one course in Las Vegas.

In 2009, Jim Rhodes filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and agreed to turn over Tuscany to his creditors. Residents of Tuscany welcomed the news of Rhodes' departure, as they felt that he had mismanaged the community's homeowner association (HOA). In recent years, the HOA had seen frequent changes in its board presidents and community managers, and residents alleged that community upkeep had been neglected. Empty home lots were also spread throughout Tuscany. Only 700 of 2,000 homes had been built in the community up to that point. Creditors led by Credit Suisse were owed $370 million, and they took over control of Tuscany in January 2010. Dunhill Homes, a newly formed company in Dallas, was named later that year to manage and further develop Tuscany. In 2014, Century Communities purchased Dunhill Homes and acquired Tuscany Village.

In 2015, the golf club was sold to two golfers who renamed it as Chimera Golf Club. They also made various improvements and reopened an outdoor bar and grill. At the time, Century Communities had approximately 450 vacant home lots left to develop at Tuscany Village, with residential construction expected to continue into 2019. Some home lots were developed by Lennar.

36°04′38″N 114°58′14″W / 36.07722°N 114.97056°W / 36.07722; -114.97056


title: Rolf Botvid

abstract: Rolf Botvid was a Swedish actor and writer. He appeared in over 30 films. He was the son of actor and comedian John Botvid and was married to actress Marianne Gyllenhammar.

text:
# Rolf Botvid

**Rolf Botvid** (26 December 1915 – 22 July 1998) was a Swedish actor and writer. He appeared in over 30 films. He was the son of actor and comedian John Botvid and was married to actress Marianne Gyllenhammar.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Rolf Botvid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1915-12-26)26 December 1915
Göteborg, Sweden |
| Died | 22 July 1998(1998-07-22) (aged 82)
Benidorm, Spain |
| Other names | Rolf Hakon Börjesson |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, writer |
| Years active | 19341963 |


title: I Just Dropped by to Say Hello

abstract: I Just Dropped by to Say Hello is a studio album by jazz singer Johnny Hartman, released by Impulse! Records in 1964. It was the second of three albums Hartman recorded for Impulse!, and followed John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman, recorded a few months earlier.

text:
# I Just Dropped by to Say Hello

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz* |  |

***I Just Dropped by to Say Hello*** is a studio album by jazz singer Johnny Hartman, released by Impulse! Records in 1964. It was the second of three albums Hartman recorded for Impulse!, and followed *John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman*, recorded a few months earlier.

## Track listing

1. "Charade (from *Charade*)" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 2:38
2. "In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning" (Bob Hilliard, David Mann) – 2:49
3. "A Sleepin' Bee" (Harold Arlen, Truman Capote) – 2:15
4. "Don't You Know I Care (Or Don't You Care to Know)" (Mack David, Duke Ellington) – 4:14
5. "Kiss & Run" (Rene Denoncin, William Engvick, Jack Ledru) – 3:35
6. "If I'm Lucky" (Eddie DeLange, Josef Myrow) – 2:52
7. "I Just Dropped by to Say Hello" (Sid Feller, Rick Ward) – 4:10
8. "Stairway to the Stars" (Matty Malneck, Mitchell Parish, Frank Signorelli) – 3:09
9. "Our Time" (Stanley Glick, Johnny Hartman) – 3:00
10. "Don't Call It Love" (Ronnell Bright) – 2:07
11. "How Sweet It Is to Be in Love" (George Cardini, Danny DiMinno) – 2:20

*Tracks 1, 6 recorded on October 9, 1963; the remainder on October 17, 1963.*

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| I Just Dropped By to Say Hello | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Johnny Hartman | |
| Released | 1964 |
| Recorded | October 9 & 17, 1963
Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs |
| Genre | Vocal jazz |
| Length | 33:09 |
| Label | Impulse!
A-57 |
| Producer | Bob Thiele |
| Johnny Hartman chronology | |
| *John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman*
(1963) ***I Just Dropped By to Say Hello***
(1964) *The Voice That Is!*
(1965) | |


title: U80701

abstract: The U80701 is a 32-bit microprocessor developed from 1986-1990 in the German Democratic Republic. It was manufactured by VEB Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt (MME) in NMOS technology and is encased in a ceramic quad flat package.

text:
# U80701

The **U80701** is a 32-bit microprocessor developed from 1986-1990 in the German Democratic Republic. It was manufactured by VEB Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt (MME) in NMOS technology and is encased in a ceramic quad flat package (CQFP-68 package).

## Microprocessor

The U80701 was developed by reverse engineering the MicroVAX 78032 microprocessor of the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It is used in the Robotron K 1820 minicomputer \- a clone of the DEC MicroVAX II.

The microprocessor used the 40 MHz input clock.

The U80700 system includes the following chips:

* U80701: CPU (DC333)
* U80703: FPU (DC337)
* U80707: Console interface/controller DLART (DC319)
* U80709: CPU interface gate array (DC379)
* U80711: Q22-Bus interface gate array (DC380)


title: Anders Hans Karlsson

abstract: Anders Hans Karlsson is a Swedish scientist and agronomist working in Denmark since 1996. As of 2004, he is a professor at the University of Copenhagen's Department of Food Science.

text:
# Anders Hans Karlsson

**Anders Hans Karlsson** (born July 22, 1959) is a Swedish scientist and agronomist working in Denmark since 1996. As of 2004, he is a professor at the University of Copenhagen's Department of Food Science.

## Biography

Karlsson was born in Västerås, Sweden, and is the son of Hans Valter Karlsson (b. 1931) and Gunvor Agnes 20 km west of Västerås, in the province Västmanland.

In 1989 Karlsson received his M.Sc. degree in agricultural science (animal science and meat science), and in 1993 he received his Ph.D. degree in meat science. Both these degrees were received from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala, Sweden. In January 2004, he was appointed professor at the University of Copenhagen in meat science. Between 2004 and 2010, he also acted as the head of the Meat Science Research Section, which operated under the University of Copenhagen's Department of Food Science in Frederiksberg, Denmark. Since 2004 he is the Chairman for the Danish Meat Science Board (*Kødforskningsudvalget*).

In 2007, he was appointed by the EU Commission to coordinate a five-year Integrated Project under the 6th Framework Program titled Q-PorkChains. This project is one of the largest initiatives in Food Science ever supported by the EU. The total budget for the project is 20.7 million €, of which 15.0 million € comes from EU.


title: Philedonides lunana

abstract: Philedonides lunana, also known as the heath tortrix and Walker’s Lanark tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1784 and is found in most of Europe.

text:
# Philedonides lunana

***Philedonides lunana***, also known as the **heath tortrix** and **Walker’s Lanark tortrix**, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1784 and is found in most of Europe.

## Description

There is distinct sexual dimorphism. The wingspan is 12–16 mm. Adults are on wing from March to May. Males fly on calm, sunny days, especially at sunrise, midday and evening, while females sit on the top of vegetation, where pairing takes place. At other times the moths hide amongst dead leaves and are difficult to find.

Eggs are laid in March and April, in small batches on the leaves of coarse, moorland plants. Plants include bearberry (*Arctostaphylos uva-ursi* species in Ireland), silverweed (*Argentina anserina*), common mugwort (*Artemisia vulgaris*), heather (*Calluna* species), black knapweed (*Centaurea nigra*), scabiosa species, thistles (*Cirsium* species), wild carrot (*Daucus carota*), heath (*Erica* species), ash (*Fraxinus excelsior*), petty whin (*Genista anglica*), larch (*Larix* species), mint (*Mentha* species), bog-myrtle (*Myrica gale*), restharrow (*Ononis fruticosa*), milk-parsley (*Peucedanum palustre*), Sitka spruce (*Picea sitchensis* in Wales), lodgepole pine (*Pinus contorta* in Scotland and Wales), cinquefoils (*Potentilla* species), goat willow (*Salix caprea*), sea campion (*Silene uniflora*), alexanders (*Smyrnium olusatrum*), red clover (*Trifolium pratense*), *Vaccinium* species and valerians (*Valeriana* species). The larvae feed in spun or folded leaves and flowers in May and June. Pupa can be found from June to March, in spun leaves of the foodplant or in debris on the ground.

## Distribution

The heath tortrix is found in most of Europe (from Ireland to Russia), with some exceptions, such as the Balkans, France and Iberia. The moth has also been found in the Near East.

## InfoBox

| *Philedonides lunana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustration from John Curtis's *British Entomology* Volume 6 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Philedonides* |
| Species: | ***P. lunana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Philedonides lunana***<br>(Thunberg, 1784) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Tortrix lunana* Thunberg & Borgstroem, 1784     + *Tortrix prodromana* Hubner, 1828     + *Amphisa rungsi* Lucas, 1954     + *Amphysa walkerana* Curtis, 1828     + *Amphisa walkerana* | |


title: Wayne Cotter

abstract: Wayne Cotter is an American stand-up comedian. Cotter attended the University of Pennsylvania where he studied computer engineering. After college, he became a comedian and made appearances on The Tonight Show, Late Show with David Letterman, and Politically Incorrect. From 1991 to 1994, he hosted Comic Strip Live, a stand-up comedy series on the Fox television network. Cotter was one of the comedians featured in The Aristocrats. He also had a small part in the film Spy Hard. He now performs at corporate events and has appeared at hundreds of events for companies like Intel, IBM, BMW and Deloitte.

text:
# Wayne Cotter

**Wayne Cotter** is an American stand-up comedian.

Cotter attended the University of Pennsylvania where he studied computer engineering. After college, he became a comedian and made appearances on *The Tonight Show*, *Late Show with David Letterman*, and *Politically Incorrect*. From 1991 to 1994, he hosted *Comic Strip Live*, a stand-up comedy series on the Fox television network.

Cotter was one of the comedians featured in *The Aristocrats*. He also had a small part in the film *Spy Hard*. He now performs at corporate events and has appeared at hundreds of events for companies like Intel, IBM, BMW and Deloitte.

## InfoBox

| Wayne Cotter | |
| --- | --- |
| Cotter performing circa 1988 | |
| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania |
| Occupation | Stand-up comedian |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Website | waynecotter.com |


title: Hosokawa Akiuji

abstract: Hosokawa Akiuji was a samurai general in the service of the Ashikaga Northern Court, during Japan's Nanboku-chō period.

text:
# Hosokawa Akiuji

**Hosokawa Akiuji** (細川 顕氏, died August 15, 1352) was a *samurai* general in the service of the Ashikaga Northern Court, during Japan's Nanboku-chō period.

## Life

In 1338, he was sent by Ashikaga Takauji to assist in the defence of the Kuromaru, a fortress belonging to *Kanrei* Shiba Takatsune. His men clashed with fifty horsemen under the command of Nitta Yoshisada, one of the more famous commanders of the rival Southern Court. Nitta was mortally wounded by an arrow in this exchange.

In 1347, he faced Kusunoki Masatsura at Sakai no ura in Izumi Province. Hosokawa was greatly outnumbered, and so he broke off his attack. He was followed by Kusunoki, and was defeated in a night attack at Kawachi, suffering numerous casualties. Hosokawa fell back to Tennoji, and was defeated again, despite the aid of Yamana Tokiuji. Though Kusunoki was defeated and killed soon afterwards, at the Battle of Shijō Nawate, Hosokawa Akiuji did not take part.

In 1352, he helped Ashikaga Yoshiakira in pushing back Loyalist forces to Anau.


title: IFK Vaxholm

abstract: IFK Vaxholm is a Swedish football club located in Vaxholm. They were founded 18 April 1920 by Captain Öhngren and they are a part of Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna (IFK). As a part of IFK they wear the blue and white home colours. Ever since the 1940s IFK Vaxholm have played their home games at SEB-Vallen, or as the locals call it, Vaxö IP.

text:
# IFK Vaxholm

**IFK Vaxholm** is a Swedish football club located in Vaxholm. They were founded 18 April 1920 by Captain Öhngren and they are a part of Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna (IFK). As a part of IFK they wear the blue and white home colours. Ever since the 1940s IFK Vaxholm have played their home games at SEB-Vallen, or as the locals call it, Vaxö IP.

## Background

IFK Vaxholm currently plays in Division 4 Stockholm Norra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the SEB-Vallen in Vaxholm . The ladies team currently plays in division 5 Stockholm A. The club has, except 2 senior teams, 18 different age groups between the ages of 5–15, they also have 2 employees working with the club and the youth section.

The club is affiliated to Stockholms Fotbollförbund.

IFK Vaxholm finished 8th place in the 6th tier 2017.

## History

The 18 April 1920, a crowd of 50 people gathered to form a sports club in Vaxholm. At first they were i part of IFK Stockholm but in August 1921 they became an independent part of IFK. In 1984 they changed their namn to "Vaxholm/KA 1 IF" after a tie-up with "Vaxholms Kustartilleriregementes IF" but 1989 they changed back. They have had several different kinds of sports during the years:Skiing, bandy, table-tennis, ice hockey and football along with a couple of other sports. Now they only play football. IFK Vaxholm has almost 800 members and they are the biggest sports club in Vaxholm.

In 1974 the first, and only so far, IFK Vaxholm team made it to the "S:t Erikscupen" final. The girls lost VS Rågsveds IF with 5–0.

IFK Vaxholms home ground, Vaxö IP, was founded in 1943 and since 1988 the ground have had artificial grass.

According to Vaxholms website Jesper Winzerling is the best goalscorer in IFK Vaxholm history, 78 goals in 79 games. This statistics haven't been updated since 2007.

## Season to season

This only apply to the men's 1st team.

| **Season** **Level** **Division** **Section** **Position** **Movements**  1999 Tier 7 **Division 6** Stockholm A **2nd** -  2000 Tier 7 **Division 6** Stockholm A **4th** 2   2001 Tier 7 **Division 6** Stockholm A **4th** -  2002 Tier 7 **Division 6** Stockholm A **3rd** 1 +  2003 Tier 7 **Division 6** Stockholm A **1st** Promoted  2004 Tier 6 **Division 5** Stockholm Norra **4th** -  2005 Tier 6 **Division 5** Stockholm Norra **2nd** Promoted  2006\* Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **10th** -  2007 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **5th** 5 +  2008 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **3rd** 2 +  2009 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **4th** 1   2010 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **3rd** 1 +  2011 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **10th** 7   2012 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **7th** 3 +  2013 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **4th** 4 +  2014 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **5th** 1   2015 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **10th** 5   2016 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **8th** 2 +  2017 Tier 6 **Division 4** Stockholm Norra **8th** -   ** League restructuring in 2006 resulted in a new division being created at Tier 3 and subsequent divisions dropping a level.* |
| --- |

## Attendances

In recent seasons IFK Vaxholm have had the following average attendances:

| **Season** **Average Attendance** **Division / Section** **Level**  2005 77 Division 5 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2006 128 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2007 126 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2008 129 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2009 140 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2010 75 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2011 85 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2012 59 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2013 44 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2014 61 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2015 80 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2016 93 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6  2017 105 Division 4 Stockholm Norra Tier 6   ** Attendances are provided in the Publikliga sections of the Svenska Fotbollförbundet website and from Vaxholms webpage.* |
| --- |

## The 200-games Club

This is a list of players who have played more than 200 games for the club:

* Lars Wohlfart 266
* Lennart Rundlöf 237
* Leopold Granquist 230
* Ulf Hägglund 220
* Christer Thorell 217
* Bengt Sandell 212
* Rickard Tepponen 209
* Rolf Olofsson 200
* Bo Eriksson 200
* Nicklas Ewertzh 200+

IFK Centralorganisation gives out an award if you have played more than 20 years for your club, and so far 3 men have got this prize in IFK Vaxholm:

* Tore Hedström – Born in 1916 and received the award in 1960.
* Otto Malmlund – Born in 1909 and received the award in 1960.
* Harry Svensson – Born in 'unknown' and received the award in 1960.

Note! This list haven't been updated since 2006.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

IFK Vaxholm
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Vaxholm |
| Short name | IFK |
| Founded | 18 April 1920 |
| Ground | Vaxö IP
Vaxholm
Sweden |
| Capacity | 1000 |
| Chairman | Jesper Broqvist |
| Manager | Micke Berglund |
| League | Division 5 Stockholm Norra |
| 2018 | 11th |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: UCC Ueshima Coffee Co.

abstract:
UCC Ueshima Coffee Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer of coffee and tea products in Kobe, Hyōgo. "UCC" stands for "Ueshima Coffee Company". It owns a Kona coffee farm on the island of Hawaii.
The company is a part of the UCC Group.

text:
# UCC Ueshima Coffee Co.

**UCC Ueshima Coffee Co., Ltd.** (UCC上島珈琲株式会社, *Yū Shī Shī Ueshima Kōhī Kabushiki-gaisha*) is a manufacturer of coffee and tea products in Kobe, Hyōgo. "UCC" stands for "Ueshima Coffee Company".

It owns a Kona coffee farm on the island of Hawaii. The company is a part of the UCC Group.

## History

The company started as a store under the name of "Ueshima Tadao Shoten" in 1933. It became a limited partnership in 1940 and in 1951, became "Ueshima Coffee Co., Ltd.". The company introduced the world's first canned coffee, "UCC Coffee with Milk" in April 1969, which started the trend for canned coffee (缶コーヒー) in Japan.

It formally became "UCC Ueshima Coffee Co., Ltd." in 1991.

## Holdings

* UCC Ueshima Coffee Co. (America) Inc. (100%)
* UCC Hawaii Corporation
* UCC Craighton Coffee Estate (Jamaica)
* UCC Europe Limited (London)
* UCC ANZ Limited (Australia & New Zealand)

## Marketing tie-ins

UCC Coffee became famous with otaku (anime fans) around the world after their canned coffee was featured in the 1997 feature film *The End of Evangelion*. As a tie-in with the makers of the film, UCC created six coffee can designs featuring the Evangelion characters holding the company's products. These cans subsequently became prized collector's items. UCC continued this partnership when, a decade later, a new set of four Evangelion films began their release with 2007's *Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone*. The cans were again featured in the film, and UCC again featured illustrations of the film's characters on a limited release of their cans. In 2009, UCC created another line of limited edition cans featuring the characters from the second film in the series, *Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance*.

## InfoBox

UCC Ueshima Coffee Co., Ltd.
|
|  |
| Native name | ユーシーシー上島珈琲株式会社 |
| Company type | Kabushiki Kaisha |
| Industry | Restaurants, Retail Beverages |
| Founded | 1933 (1933) |
| Founder | Tadao Ueshima |
| Headquarters | 7-7-7 Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan |
| Revenue | ¥138.5 billion (2015) |
| Number of employees | 799 (2015) |
| Website | www.ucc.jp |


title: IDC School of Design

abstract: The IIT Bombay Industrial Design Centre School of Design is a design school part of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, a public research university in Powai, Mumbai. It offers four-year Bachelor of Design (B.Des.) and two-year Master of Design (M.Des.) programmes, a five-year integrated Bachelor's plus Master's in design programme, and doctoral programmes (PhD) in design across various disciplines such as industrial design, communication design, animation and automobile design.

text:
# IDC School of Design

The **IIT Bombay Industrial Design Centre School of Design** (**IITB IDC School of Design**) is a design school part of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, a public research university in Powai, Mumbai. It offers four-year Bachelor of Design (B.Des.) and two-year Master of Design (M.Des.) programmes, a five-year integrated Bachelor's plus Master's in design programme, and doctoral programmes (PhD) in design across various disciplines such as industrial design, communication design, animation and automobile design.

## Notable faculty

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

IIT Bombay IDC School of Design
| आई.डी.सी. अभिकल्प विद्यालय | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1969 |
| Academic staff | 27 |
| Undergraduates | 120 |
| Postgraduates | 150 |
| Doctoral students | 45 |
| Location | Mumbai<br>19°08′00″N 72°55′03″E / 19.133408°N 72.917384°E / 19.133408; 72.917384 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | www.idc.iitb.ac.in |


title: Vokesimurex woodringi

abstract: Vokesimurex woodringi, common name Woodring's murex, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. The species is named in honor of Wendell P. Woodring.

text:
# Vokesimurex woodringi

***Vokesimurex woodringi***, common name **Woodring's murex**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. The species is named in honor of Wendell P. Woodring.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 30 mm and 70 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea. (Panama, Belize, Grenadines).

* Nowell-Usticke, G. W. 1969. A supplementary listing of new shells (illustrated). To be added to the Check List of the marine shells of St. Croix. Burlington, Vermont: Lane Press. 32 pp., 6 pls.
* Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp
* Houart R. (2014). *Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus.* Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp.

* "*Vokesimurex woodringi*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesimurex woodringi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vokesimurex woodringi* (museum specimen at Naturalis Biodiversity Center) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Vokesimurex* |
| Species: | ***V. woodringi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vokesimurex woodringi***<br>(Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Murex woodringi* Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945 * *Murex woodringi var. gustaviensis* Nowell-Usticke, 1969 | |


title: Jiří Hudeček

abstract: Jiří Hudeček is a former Czech cyclist.

text:
# Jiří Hudeček

**Jiří Hudeček** (born 19 May 1986) is a former Czech cyclist.

## Major results

2011 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships 3rd Overall Czech Cycling Tour 6th Road race, Summer Universiade 9th Overall Okolo Slovenska 2012 1st Stage 1 Czech Cycling Tour (TTT) 4th Overall Szlakiem Grodòw Piastowskich 7th Overall Istrian Spring Trophy 2013 2nd Overall Course de la Solidarité Olympique 3rd Overall Tour of Malopolska 8th Overall Szlakiem Grodòw Piastowskich 9th Overall Okolo Slovenska

## InfoBox

Jiří Hudeček
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1986-05-19) 19 May 1986<br>Lety, Czechoslovakia |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional team | |
| 2011–2013 | PSK Whirlpool–Author |
|  | |


title: Natalia Ponomareva

abstract: Natalia Ponomareva is a former pair skater who represented Uzbekistan. She competed with partner Evgeni Sviridov. They placed 18th at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Natalia Ponomareva

**Natalia Ponomareva** (born 13 August 1982 in Yekaterinburg, Soviet Union (now Russia)) is a former pair skater who represented Uzbekistan. She competed with partner Evgeni Sviridov. They placed 18th at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

## Results

(with Sviridov)

| **International** | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 1996–97 | 1997–98 | 1998–99 | 1999–00 | 2000–01 | 2001–02 | 2002–03 | 2003–04 |
| Olympics |  |  |  |  |  | 18th |  |  |
| Worlds |  |  | 21st |  | 17th |  |  |  |
| Four Continents |  |  | 7th | 9th | 10th |  |  |  |
| NHK Trophy |  |  |  |  |  | 7th |  |  |
| Skate America |  |  |  |  |  | 9th |  |  |
| Golden Spin |  | 3rd |  |  |  | 4th |  |  |
| Skate Israel |  | 3rd |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Asian Games |  |  | 3rd |  |  |  |  |  |
| Asian Champ. | 2nd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **National** | | | | | | | | |
| Uzbekistani Champ. |  | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 2nd |

## InfoBox

| Natalia Ponomareva | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-08-13) 13 August 1982 |
| Height | 1.53 m (5 ft 0 in) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Uzbekistan |
| Skating club | Alpomish |
| Retired | 2004 |
| Medal record      Representing  Uzbekistan  Pairs' Figure skating  Asian Winter Games  1999 Gangwon Pairs | |


title: Milda Sauliūtė

abstract: Milda Sauliūtė is a Lithuanian professional basketball player. She plays for VICI Kaunas and Lithuania women's national basketball team. She has represented national team in several EuroBasket Women competitions. She has spent all her career in Lithuania.

text:
# Milda Sauliūtė

**Milda Sauliūtė** (born August 8, 1981) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player. She plays for VICI Kaunas and Lithuania women's national basketball team. She has represented national team in several EuroBasket Women competitions. She has spent all her career in Lithuania.

## Clubs

* 1998–99: Vilniaus Svaja
* 1999–2000: Alytaus Snaigė
* 2000–01: Vilniaus Lintel 118
* 2001–02: Vilniaus Lintel 118
* 2002–03: Vilniaus Lintel 118
* 2004–05: Marijampolės Arvi (LMKL)
* 2005–06: Marijampolės Arvi (LMKL)
* 2006–07: Kauno Laisvė (LMKL)
* 2008–09: Marijampolės Arvi (LMKL)
* 2009–10: Vilniaus TEO (LMKL)
* 2010–11: Kauno VIČI-Aistės(LMKL)
* 2018-19: Kauno Aistės-LSMU (Moterų lyga)

## InfoBox

Milda Sauliūtė
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| VICI Kaunas | |
| Position | Point guard, Shooting guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1981-08-28) August 28, 1981<br>Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Lithuanian |
| Listed height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Listed weight | 68 kg (150 lb) |


title: Lanfranco

abstract: Lanfranco was an Italian architect. His only known work is the Modena Cathedral. Record of his work there is in the early 13th-century manuscript Relatio de innovatione ecclesie sancti Gemeniani in the Chapter archives of Modena. Here he is described as the "principal and supreme artificer of such an arduous undertaking". Together with Bonsignore, the Bishop of Reggio, Lanfranco discovered the urn with relics of St. Geminianus for the new church in 1106. A Latin apsidal epigraph in the cathedral describes Lanfranco as "famous for ingenuity, knowledgeable and competent director of works, governor and master".

text:
# Lanfranco

**Lanfranco** (active in Modena from c. 1099 to 1110) was an Italian architect. His only known work is the Modena Cathedral. Record of his work there is in the early 13th-century manuscript *Relatio de innovatione ecclesie sancti Gemeniani* in the Chapter archives of Modena. Here he is described as the "principal and supreme artificer of such an arduous undertaking". Together with Bonsignore, the Bishop of Reggio, Lanfranco discovered the urn with relics of St. Geminianus for the new church in 1106. A Latin apsidal epigraph in the cathedral describes Lanfranco as "famous for ingenuity, knowledgeable and competent director of works, governor and master".

1. Fossi, Gloria, *Italian Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day*, p. 26. Giunti, 2000. ISBN 88-09-01771-4


title: IV (Ton Steine Scherben album)

abstract: IV is a double album released by Ton Steine Scherben. Because of the black album cover, it is also referred to as die Schwarze. It is a collection of various influences from folk to punk and marks a departure from the band's earlier work, even though it continues the change that began with the previous album Wenn die Nacht am tiefsten…. Anarchist slogans such as "destroy what destroys you" or "no power for nobody" are no longer prevalent, although some of the songs were political, such as Der Turm stürzt ein.

text:
# IV (Ton Steine Scherben album)

**IV** is a double album released by Ton Steine Scherben. Because of the black album cover, it is also referred to as *die Schwarze* ("the black one"). It is a collection of various influences from folk to punk and marks a departure from the band's earlier work, even though it continues the change that began with the previous album Wenn die Nacht am tiefsten…. Anarchist slogans such as "destroy what destroys you" or "no power for nobody" are no longer prevalent, although some of the songs were political, such as *Der Turm stürzt ein* ("the tower is collapsing").

## Tarot Cards

All the songs on the album aside from *Morgenlicht* were composed with the aid of Tarot cards from the Major Arcana. The so-called "Tarot secret" was not revealed until years after Rio Reiser's death, as it was worried that the magic of the innovative and sometimes very different texts would be lost. Most of the text is composed of images and metaphors; very little is unambiguous. After all the living participants in the process agreed, the following list of tarot cards was offered from the year 1980:

* January 22 - The Devil: This led to the song *Heimweh* ("Homesickness"), which was also the working title of the album. Every band member contributed to the text of the song, which was then finished by Hannes Eyber and Rio Reiser. The chords were chosen at random and the rhythm follows a "magical" number series.
* February 12 - The World: *Sumpf Schlock*. The text was composed by the group in a similar manner to *Heimweh*. "Harikafulas" comes from the first two letters of the band members' names (Hannes - Rio - Kai - Funky - Lanrue).
* The Star: This card led to the song *Vorübergehend geschlossen* ("Temporarily closed"). Hannes Eyber wrote largely incomprehensible lyrics which were then electronically distorted on the album to the point of incomprehensibility. (In a remixed version released much later the lyrics can be made out.) The music is also written to sound alien. The idea behind it was that nobody can grasp the stars.
* The Chariot: *Kleine Freuden* ("Small joys") was composed by the group.
* March 27 - The Hermit: *Wiedersehen* \- A hermit seeks a way to return to the world. The lyrics are a mostly alphabetic listing of first names.
* March 31 - Temperance: The song *S'is eben so* ("That's just the way it is") was written through collaboration from the whole band.
* June 4 - The Magician: "Wie in den Tagen Midians" consists of a listing of then-current sites of wars, battles, and violent acts, as well as the capitals of war-waging states, as well as a children's choir singing a bible verse (Isaiah 9:5); the title of the song originates in the previous verse (Isaiah 9:4).
* June 7 - The Empress: Inspired in part by the book Letter to a Child Never Born by Oriana Fallaci, this resulted in the song *Bleib wo du bist*.
* June 10 - The Tower: Because the card depicts a tower being struck by lightning, Rio wrote the song *Der Turm stürzt ein* ("The tower is collapsing") that humorously mentions social problems.
* June 13 - Judgement: R. P. S. Lanrue suggested his composition *Morgenlicht* ("Morning light"), whose lyrics were written by Rainer von der Marwitz, the bartender of the Berlin gay bar "Anderes Ufer", and which had been used in a previous production. Parts of this song are referenced in "Matth. XI, 15" on Rio Reiser's solo album *Über Alles*.
* June 17 - The High Priestess: the narcissistic song *Niemand liebt mich*, as a musical lament of the High Priestess.
* June 18 - The Moon: *Ebbe und Flut* ("Ebb and flood"), a reference to the moon's influence on the tides.
* June 20 - The Hanged Man (Tarot card): The card depicts a man hanged upside-down by his foot. Funky Götzner, who wrote the lyrics, allowed himself to be hanged upside down and got the idea for the song *S.N.A.F.T.*. The title is a misspelling of *Sanft*, meaning "gentle".
* June 23 - The Hierophant: *(Auf ein) Happy-End* was written as a gospel-style final song with a female chorus.
* June 26 - The Fool: *Da!* ("There!").
* June 28 - The Emperor: *Gold*, a straightforward association.
* October 24 - Wheel of Fortune: *Jenseits von Eden* ("East of Eden"), one of the group's best-known songs.
* October 25 - The Lovers: *Der Fremde aus Indien* ("The stranger from India"), a song written without using the letter "e". The title is borrowed from a novel by Karl May.
* October 25 - Death: The lyrics to *Filmkuß* ("Movie kiss") make more sense when interpreted in light of the card e.g. "Wie ein Filmkuß - zeitenlos. Du bist so einfach. Ende." ("Like a movie kiss - timeless. You are so simple. End.")
* October 26 - Justice: *Ich hab nix* ("I have nothing").
* October 26 - The Sun: *Kribbel Krabbel*. The final verse is sung in Italian.
* October 27 - Strength: *Alles ist richtig* ("Everything is right") was written while the group was pressed for time and was completed overnight.

## Four lyricists and three composers

The Tarot cards were also used to assign different tasks for each song, i.e. who wrote the lyrics and composed the music. This was the first time the drummer Funky Götzner wrote lyrics for the group and the first time the bassist Kai Sichtermann composed the music, who had previously been uninvolved. Hannes Eyber, a friend of the band, also contributed lyrics. The song *Morgenlicht* was not written in connection with a tarot card as it was written in 1978 for the theater group "Transplantis"; the text was written by Rainer von der Marwitz. Earlier albums were co-written by R. P. S. Lanrue and Rio Reiser; this album's diversity and creativity can be attributed to the much larger songwriting team.

## Musical experiments

An additional component of the album was the musical variety used in production. Several guest musicians were invited for the recordings: Jörg Schlotterer, a former band member, returned to play trombone and flute; Wolfgang Seidel - the group's first drummer - returned to play percussion under the pseudonym Wolf Sequenza; Klaus van Velzen played saxophone. A youth choir from Niebüll was also used for the song *Wie in den Tagen Midians*. Members of the band also played using less common instruments, such as the hammered dulcimer.

## Song listing

### Disc 1

1. *Jenseits von Eden* (Rio Reiser, R. P. S. Lanrue) – 6:07
2. *Bleib wo du bist* (Reiser) – 2:40
3. *Sumpf Schlock* (Hannes Eyber, Lanrue) – 5:10
4. *Der Turm stürzt ein* (Reiser) – 4:26
5. *Wie in den Tagen Midians* (Reiser, Lanrue) – 2:57
6. *Vorübergehend geschlossen* (Eyber, Lanrue) – 2:37
7. *Ebbe und Flut* (Funky K. Götzner, Reiser) – 2:22
8. *Filmkuß* (Eyber, Reiser) – 3:19
9. *Der Fremde aus Indien* (Götzner, Lanrue) – 5:05
10. *Kleine Freuden* (Eyber, Lanrue) – 6:43
11. *Heimweh* (Eyber, Lanrue) – 5:01

### Disc 2

1. *Alles ist richtig* (Eyber, Kai Sichtermann) – 3:16
2. *S'is eben so* (Reiser) – 3:16
3. *S.N.A.F.T.* (Götzner, Sichtermann) – 2:40
4. *Kribbel Krabbel* (Eyber, Sichtermann) – 3:51
5. *Niemand liebt mich* (Eyber, Lanrue) – 3:27
6. *Da!* (Eyber, Reiser) – 4:28
7. *Morgenlicht* (Rainer von der Marwitz, Lanrue) – 5:12
8. *Ich hab nix* (Eyber, Reiser) – 2:35
9. *Gold* (Götzner, Lanrue) – 6:42
10. *Wiedersehen* (Reiser, Lanrue) – 3:33
11. *(Auf ein) Happy End* (Reiser, Sichtermann) – 5:29

* Sichtermann, Kai; Johler, Jens; Stahl, Christian (2008). *Keine Macht für niemand: Eine Geschichte der Ton Steine Scherben*. ISBN 9783896028396.

## InfoBox

| IV | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ton Steine Scherben | |
| Released | March 1981 |
| Recorded | David Volksmund Studio, Fresenhagen, Germany |
| Genre | German rock |
| Length | 90:56 |
| Label | David Volksmund |
| Producer | Ton Steine Scherben |
| Ton Steine Scherben chronology | |
| *Wenn die Nacht am tiefsten…*
(1975) ***IV***
(1981) *Scherben*
(1983) | |


title: UCCU Ballpark

abstract: DoTerra Field at UCCU Ballpark, is a baseball park in the western United States, on the campus of Utah Valley University (UVU) in southwestern Orem, Utah. It is the home field of the Utah Valley Wolverines of the NCAA Division I Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

text:
# UCCU Ballpark

**DoTerra Field at UCCU Ballpark** (formerly known as **Brent Brown Ballpark**), is a baseball park in the western United States, on the campus of Utah Valley University (UVU) in southwestern Orem, Utah. It is the home field of the Utah Valley Wolverines of the NCAA Division I Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

## History

Originally known as Parkway Crossing Stadium, it was completed in 2005. The ballpark was a design-build project led by Utah Division of Facilities and Construction Management and built by R&O Construction. With seating for 2,500, the capacity is increased to over 5,000 with the incorporation of the grass berm seating. The ballpark overlooks Mt. Timpanogos beyond the outfield. Its facilities include indoor tunnels, weight rooms and offices for both teams. The ballpark serves as a shared facility for Utah Valley State University and the Orem Owlz. The Owls of the Pioneer League were an affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels, who had played the previous four seasons as the Provo Angels.

The stadium made its debut on March 24, 2005 with Utah Valley defeating Southern Utah 5-3. On June 13, 2007, the stadium was officially named Brent Brown Ballpark in honor of Brent Brown. Brent and Kim Brown and Ira and Mary Lou Fulton donated to Utah Valley to help pay the bond for the stadium. The new name was a source of dispute between the Orem Owlz and the University. The Owlz referred to the ballpark simply as "Home of the Owlz".

The name of the ballpark changed again on December 7, 2017 to UCCU Ballpark after Utah Community Credit Union obtained the naming rights of the ballpark for 10 years.

On March 23, 2020 DoTerra Field at UCCU Ballpark was unveiled. DoTerra had provided funds for a renovation of the facility that included an upgrade to the playing surface from natural grass to FieldTurf's DoublePlay system.

The Orem Owlz relocated to Windsor, Colorado in the fall of 2020.

## Dimensions

305 feet (93 m) down the left field line quickly angles to 427 feet (130 m) just left of dead center which is 408 feet (124 m). The right field gap is marked at 388 feet (118 m) and angles to 312 feet (95 m) down the right field line. The fence also varies in height: 20 feet (6.1 m) high down the left field line for approximately the first 90 feet (27 m) and then dropping to 10 feet (3.0 m) throughout the rest of the park. Though the short left and right field fences provide an advantage for hitters, the long distance to the rest of the park makes it difficult to hit home runs.

## Events

From May 22–26, 2012, the ballpark hosted the 2012 Great West Conference baseball tournament. Utah Valley won the tournament, finishing the season with a 29–0 Great West record. It is also occasionally used for concerts.

## References

## InfoBox

UCCU Ballpark
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| OremLocation in the United StatesOremLocation in Utah | |
| Former names | Brent Brown Ballpark (2007–17)
Parkway Crossing Stadium (2005–07) |
| Address | 800 West University Parkway |
| Location | Orem, Utah, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 40°16′37″N 111°43′01″W / 40.277°N 111.717°W / 40.277; -111.717 |
| Elevation | 4,580 ft (1,395 m) |
| Public transit | UVX (at UVU station) |
| Owner | Utah Valley University |
| Operator | Utah Valley University |
| Capacity | 5,000 |
| Record attendance | 6,209
(July 24, 2013) |
| Field size | **Left Field** – 305 feet (93 m)
**Left-Center** – 427 feet (130 m)
**Center Field** – 408 feet (124 m)
**Right-Center** – 388 feet (118 m)
**Right Field** – 312 feet (95 m) |
| Surface | FieldTurf DoublePlay |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 2004 |
| Opened | March 24, 2005 (2005-03-24) |
| Construction cost | 6 million
($9.68 million in 2023 dollars) |
| Architect | EMA |
| General contractor | R & O Construction |
| Tenants | |
| Utah Valley Wolverines (2005–present)
Orem Owlz (2005–2020) | |


title: Anathallis vitorinoi

abstract: Anathallis vitorinoi is a species of orchid plant native to Brazil.

text:
# Anathallis vitorinoi

**Anathallis vitorinoi** is a species of orchid plant native to Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Anathallis vitorinoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Anathallis* |
| Species: | ***A. vitorinoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anathallis vitorinoi***<br>(Luer & Toscano) Luer & Toscano | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pleurothallis vitorinoi* Luer & Toscano | |


title: Vyacheslav Ovechkin

abstract: Vyacheslav Ihorovych Ovechkin, is a Ukrainian politician, who is the 1st Deputy Head of the Odesa Regional State Administration. He was the acting Governor of Odesa Oblast from 10 November to 27 November 2020.

text:
# Vyacheslav Ovechkin

**Vyacheslav Ihorovych Ovechkin** (Ukrainian: В'ячеслав Ігорович Овечкін; born 14 June 1983), is a Ukrainian politician, who is the 1st Deputy Head of the Odesa Regional State Administration. He was the acting Governor of Odesa Oblast from 10 November to 27 November 2020.

## Biography

Vyacheslav Ovechkin was born in Kharkiv on 14 June 1983.

### Education

From 2000 to 2005, he studied at the National Law Academy of Ukraine named after Yaroslav the Wise, with law, diploma with honors. Simultaneously from 2000 to 2006 he studied at Kharkiv National University of Economics, International Economics, Specialist in International Economics, diploma with honors.

From 2005 to 2006 he studied at the Central European University in Budapest, Master of International Business Law, LL.M., diploma with honors. In 2006, he studied at T.M.C. Asser Institute, Asser College Europe in The Hague), EU and WTO law.

### Career

From 2001 to 2004, he worked as a legal consultant at Agat LLC (Kharkiv). In 2004-2005 he worked as a legal consultant at ICC Partner LLC (Kharkiv).

From 2006 to 2007, he was a lawyer in the representative office of the American law firm Chadbourne & Parke in Kyiv. From 2007 to 2010 he was in the Ukrainian office of the English law firm CMS Cameron McKenna in Kyiv.

From 2011 to 2013, he worked as an investment project advisor at PJSC Concern AVEC & Co.

Between 2013 and November 21, 2019, he was the director of the freight forwarding company "Sonora-Kharkiv" in Kharkiv.

Between 2014 and 1 November 2019, he advised the law firm CMS Cameron McKenna Kyiv in banking and financial law projects.

Since November 2019, Ovechkin is the 1st Deputy Head of the Odesa Regional State Administration.

On 6 November 2020, Ovechkin was the acting Governor of Odesa Oblast.

## InfoBox

| Vyacheslav Ovechkin | |
| --- | --- |
| В'ячеслав Овечкін | |
|  | |
| Governor of Odesa Oblast | |
| **Acting** | |
| **In office**
10 November 2020  27 November 2020 | |
| President | Volodymyr Zelensky |
| Preceded by | Maksym Kutsyi |
| Succeeded by | Serhiy Hrynevetsky |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Vyacheslav Ihorovych Ovechkin
(1983-06-14) 14 June 1983
Kharkiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union |
|  | |


title: Jiří Huška

abstract: Jiří Huška is a Czech football player who currently plays for FK Blansko.

text:
# Jiří Huška

**Jiří Huška** (born 27 January 1988) is a Czech football player who currently plays for FK Blansko.

## InfoBox

Jiří Huška
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1988-01-27) 27 January 1988 | | |
| Place of birth | Brno, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 2.00 m (6 ft 6+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | FK Blansko | | |
| Number | 5 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1993–1995 | AC Lelekovice | | |
| 1995–1997 | FC Kuřim | | |
| 1997–2009 | FC Zbrojovka Brno | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2009– | FC Zbrojovka Brno | 14 | (0) |
| 2012 | → FC Sparta Brno (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2012 | SK Líšeň (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | 1. FC Karlovy Vary (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 2018– | FK Blansko | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 August 2020 | | | |


abstract: In United Kingdom patent law, a non-binding opinion is a statutory right under sections 74A and 74B of the Patents Act 1977, which allows for any member of the public to make an enquiry into the validity or infringement of a patent and provide for review of such opinions. Since 2005, a new system has allowed the process to be reworked using new and updated forms under the Patents (Amendments) Rules 2005.

text:
# Non-binding opinion (United Kingdom patent law)

In United Kingdom patent law, a **non-binding opinion** is a statutory right under sections 74A and 74B of the Patents Act 1977, which allows for any member of the public to make an enquiry into the validity or infringement of a patent and provide for review of such opinions. Since 2005, a new system has allowed the process to be reworked using new and updated forms under the Patents (Amendments) Rules 2005 (SI 2005/2496).

## Background

The United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UK IPO) operates a scheme where anyone can obtain an impartial examination of a patent from a senior examiner. The process involves an examination of the patent, as well as whether a particular product or process infringes on a patent.

The report is considered a non binding opinion, however, as it only provides guidance, and is used to avoid the litigation process and provides information to parties who are considering entering into patent litigation.

## Application process

In order to apply for a non binding opinion, the applicant has to fill out Patents Forms 2/77 (initiation of proceedings before the comptroller of patents), 17/77 (request for an opinion as to validity or infringement) and 49/77 (request to be informed of future events relating to a patent application or patent).

When making an application for a non binding opinion, applicants should consider the level of evidence they provide, as this allows for a stronger opinion to be formed. Furthermore, they should be aware that the owner of the patent, any licensees will be provided with any documents sent to form the opinion. The request for an opinion will also be advertised on the UK IPO's website so that any other party interested in the outcome may make observations concerning the patent.

## Recent application

The effectiveness of a non binding opinion was recently demonstrated in Weight Watchers (UK) Ltd and others v Love Bites Ltd and others \[2012\] EWPCC 11, 21 February 2012. The Weight Watchers organisation holds a registered trade mark to hold classes and sell people products for weight loss. From 2006, the defendants sold sandwiches under the trade mark Waist Watchers, which was subsequently registered. At a case management conference, the acting judge suggested that the parties should seek a preliminary non binding opinion as to the merits of the case. Both parties agreed to this, in an effort to keep costs down. On the evidence provided, the judge concluded that there was a strong case that Waist Watchers infringed on Weight Watchers under sections 10(2) and 10(3) of the Trade Mark Act and that the Waist Watchers marks were likely invalid. This decision demonstrates how effective non binding decisions can be at the Patents County Court.


title: Lanfranc of Milan

abstract: Lanfranc of Milan, variously called Guido Lanfranchi, Lanfranco or Alanfrancus, was an Italian cleric, surgeon who set up practice in France. Lanfranc was appointed personal physician to Philip IV of France and in 1296 published a thesis on surgery under the title Chirurgia Magna, the same title as a later work published by Guy de Chauliac, Chirurgia Magna. As author Lanfranc of Milan came to be regarded as member of the 13th century Italian rational surgery school.

text:
# Lanfranc of Milan

**Lanfranc of Milan** (c.1250–1315), variously called ***Guido Lanfranchi***, ***Lanfranco*** or ***Alanfrancus***, was an Italian cleric, surgeon who set up practice in France. Lanfranc was appointed personal physician to Philip IV of France and in 1296 published a thesis on surgery under the title Chirurgia Magna, the same title as a later work published by Guy de Chauliac, *Chirurgia Magna*.

As author Lanfranc of Milan came to be regarded as member of the 13th century Italian *rational surgery* school.

## Education and career

Born in mid 13th century Milan, Lanfranc was trained in surgery by Guglielmo da Saliceto in Bologna. To escape the Guelphs and Ghibellines feud, Lanfranc left his practice in Milan and moved first to Lyon and then to Paris where he settled around 1295. Lanfranc found employment as surgery lecturer at the Collège de St. Côme, which Louis IX of France had built to elevate the status of surgeons in the medical profession. Surgeons trained at the college were no longer barber surgeons but were not admitted to the medical faculty.

Lanfranc was appointed personal physician to Philip IV of France and in 1296 Lanfranc completed the *Chirurgia Magna*, dedicating it to Philip IV. In the book Lanfranc detailed cerebral concussion as well as skull fracture, setting out when surgical intervention was necessary. Lanfranc argued that theory makes for better surgery and elevated surgery from a craft to a science because a surgeon required knowledge of medical theory.

Surgery started to be taught at universities training physicians, thus Lanfranc had been asked by the dean of the surgery faculty at Collège de St. Côme to write down his knowledge for publication. Besides setting out the necessary knowledge of anatomy Lanfranc documented his practical experience in treating ulcers, fistulae, fractures and dislocated joints. *Chirurgia Magna* became accepted as comprehensive guide to medical knowledge. Among Parisian professors and lecturers Lanfranc was noted for promoting *cleanliness* in surgery, instead of encouraging the accumulation of pus in the body of a patient. Lanfranc became known as the father of French surgery. He died 1315.

## Legacy

Lanfranc had put rational surgical intervention on a par with medicine prescribed by physicians. In 1314 Henri de Mondeville published his Latin thesis *Chirurgia* in which he relied on the arguments of Lanfranc to position surgery as medicine. Lanfranc's treatise on surgery *Chirurgia Magna*, also known as the *Science of Chirgurie* or *Cirgurie* to distinguish it from the *Inventarium*, and other manuscripts on what was regarded to be *rational surgery* were in the 14th century translated into English and were eagerly read in England as surgery textbooks. In the English translations of *Chirurgia Magna* the practical advice passed on by Lanfranc was given more room than the theoretical knowledge Lanfranc had also cared to impart. The *Chirurgia Magna* was republished as book in over seventy editions and translated into multiple languages from 1490 onward. Lanfranc is remembered in the English surgery profession for recommending in the *Chirurgia Magna* bloodletting to treat localized pain, such as migrane.

## InfoBox

| Lanfranc of Milan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | *Guido Lanfranchi*
c.1250
Milan |
| Died | 1315 |