title: Victorian Scottish Regiment

abstract: The Victorian Scottish Regiment (VSR) was an infantry regiment of the Australian Army. Formed in 1898 as a volunteer unit of the colonial Victorian Military Forces, the unit went through a number of changes in name over the course of its 62-year history. During World War I many of its members volunteered for overseas service and saw action at Gallipoli and on the Western Front in France. Following the end of the war, the regiment was reorganised to perpetuate the honours of the 5th Battalion, AIF. During World War II the battalion was employed on garrison duties in Australia, although many of its members volunteered for overseas service and fought in campaigns in North Africa, the Middle East and New Guinea. Following the war, the battalion was re-raised as part of the Citizen Military Forces and undertook the training of national servicemen until 1960 when the unit was disbanded and absorbed into the 1st Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment. Today, the regiment's traditions are maintained by 'B' Company, 5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment.

text:
# Victorian Scottish Regiment

The **Victorian Scottish Regiment (VSR)** was an infantry regiment of the Australian Army. Formed in 1898 as a volunteer unit of the colonial Victorian Military Forces, the unit went through a number of changes in name over the course of its 62-year history. During World War I many of its members volunteered for overseas service and saw action at Gallipoli and on the Western Front in France. Following the end of the war, the regiment was reorganised to perpetuate the honours of the 5th Battalion, AIF. During World War II the battalion was employed on garrison duties in Australia, although many of its members volunteered for overseas service and fought in campaigns in North Africa, the Middle East and New Guinea. Following the war, the battalion was re-raised as part of the Citizen Military Forces and undertook the training of national servicemen until 1960 when the unit was disbanded and absorbed into the 1st Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment. Today, the regiment's traditions are maintained by 'B' Company, 5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment.

## History

The Victorian Scottish Regiment (VSR) was first raised on 29 August 1898, following representations by members of the local Scottish Community and Caledonian association for several years, for the establishment of Scottish unit. Notable members of this group were Sir John McIntyre, Sir Malcolm McEachren, Colonel Otter, Richard Linton, W. B. Jarvie and W. J. McKirdie. The regiment was formed at Albert Park, with a parade ground at Victoria Barracks, and was originally raised as a corps of unpaid volunteers as part of the colonial Victorian Military Forces. Initially the regiment was only issued with a limited about of equipment and had to parade in plain clothes for almost a year until uniforms could be provided.

In 1902, the volunteer system was changed to a system of partially paid militia and the military forces of the former independent colonies became part of the Commonwealth Military Forces. In 1911 a compulsory training scheme was introduced, which required all able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 21 to undertake a period of military training. At this time, the regiment was redesignated as the 52nd Australian Infantry Battalion (Victorian Scottish Regiment), and voluntary enlistment was restricted to officers and senior non-commissioned officers.

Upon the outbreak of World War I the decision was made not to deploy the previously existing militia units to the fighting overseas due to the provisions of the *Defence Act 1903* which precluded sending conscripts outside of Australia. An all-volunteer force, known as the First Australian Imperial Force was raised instead and many members of the militia volunteered for overseas service. One of the units raised for overseas service was the 5th Battalion, and many members of the 52nd Australian Infantry Battalion joined this unit, including the battalion's commanding officer, Colonel David Stanley Wanliss, who would later become Chief Justice of New Guinea. This battalion fought at during the Gallipoli campaign and on the Western Front and many of the men continued to wear the VSR's distinctive Glengarry caps.

During the war, the militia units remained in Australia on home service, providing security at ports, defence installations and other facilities of importance to the war effort, however, due to the large numbers of militiamen that volunteered for service with the AIF many of these units were greatly depleted and it was not until after the war, in 1919, that the compulsory training scheme began again. In 1921 the AIF was officially disbanded and the following month it was decided to reorganise the militia units and to redesignate them in order to perpetuate the identity of the AIF units that had fought in the war. As a result of this decision, and due to the links that the regiment had with the 5th Battalion, AIF, the regiment was redesignated as the 5th Battalion and inherited that unit's battle honours. In 1925 permission was granted for the unit to adopt the traditional title of the regiment. In 1929, following the election of the Scullin Labor government, the compulsory training scheme was suspended again and a period of austerity followed as the impact of the Great Depression meant that there were few volunteers and few training opportunities as funding for defence was greatly reduced.

Following the outbreak of World War II the battalion was called up for a three-month period of compulsory training in early 1940, before later being sent to Western Australia and then Darwin, Northern Territory where they carried out garrison duties throughout the war. Many members of the battalion also volunteered for service overseas with the Second Australian Imperial Force, serving with the 2/5th Battalion, which fought in Libya, Greece, Crete, Syria and New Guinea.

In 1948, the 5th Battalion (Victorian Scottish Regiment) was re-raised as part of the Citizen Military Forces (CMF), which was the forerunner to the Australian Army Reserve. Commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel George Warfe, a highly decorated officer that had previously served with a number of commando units during the war, the battalion was headquartered at Hawthorn and had depots at Dandenong, Kew, Armadale and Surrey Hills. National service was reintroduced in 1951 and following this the battalion took on the responsibility of training national servicemen under this scheme. This continued until 1960, when the national service scheme was suspended and the Australian Army was reorganised around the Pentropic division.

As a result of this reorganisation the CMF was greatly reduced, as fourteen infantry battalions were disbanded altogether, while the seventeen that remained gave up their old regional regimental ties and were reformed as part of the six newly raised State-based regiments. As a result of this, it was decided that the 5th Battalion (Victorian Scottish Regiment) would be disbanded and its members be absorbed into the newly raised Royal Victoria Regiment, being used to form two companies—'B' and Support—of the 1st Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment. In 1965, when the decision was made to reintroduce national service and abandon the Pentropic division, the CMF was reorganised again. At the same time the decision was made to reintroduce the designations of the old militia units by splitting the two Pentropic battalions of the Royal Victoria Regiment to form four full battalions and one independent company. As a result, the 5th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment was formed in May 1965, although with the end of national service in 1972 the battalion's numbers began to decline and by 1975 the decision was made to amalgamate the unit into the 1st Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment.

In 1982, the 5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment (5/6 RVR) was raised in Melbourne, Victoria. Today, 'B' Coy, 5/6 RVR maintains the traditions of the Victorian Scottish Regiment.

## Colours laid up in Scots' Church

In light of the long association between the Victorian Scottish Regiment and Scots' Church, Melbourne the colours reside in the church, identified by three plaques. As such, the centennial of the raising of the Victorian Scottish Regiment was marked by a church parade attended by former members of the regiment and 'B' Company, 5th/6th Battalion, The Royal Victoria Regiment.

## Pipes and Drums

Formed in 1899 as part of the Victorian Scottish Regiment, the 5/6RVR Pipes and Drums is now the band for all battalions of the Royal Victoria Regiment.

## Lineage

18981911 – Victorian Scottish Regiment
19111919 – 52nd Australian Infantry Battalion (Victorian Scottish Regiment)
19191921 – 2nd/5th Infantry
19211925 – 5th Battalion
19251946 – 5th Battalion (Victorian Scottish Regiment)
19481960 – 5th Battalion (Victorian Scottish Regiment).

## Alliances

## Further reading

* Speed, Frank (1988). *Esprit de corps: The History of the Victorian Scottish Regiment and the 5th Infantry Battalion*. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0-04-302007-4.

## InfoBox

| The Victorian Scottish Regiment | |
| --- | --- |
| Cap badge of 5th Bn, The Victorian Scottish Regiment | |
| Active | 18981960 and perpetuated by 5/6 Bn, The Royal Victoria Regiment |
| Country | Australia |
| Branch | Citizen Military Forces |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Light infantry |
| Size | One battalion |
| Part of | Royal Australian Infantry Corps |
| Garrison/HQ | 5th Battalion — Hawthorn and others |
| Motto(s) | *Nemo Me Impune Lacessit* (No one hurts me with impunity) |
| March | 5th/6th Battalion — *Cock of the North* |
| Commanders | |
| Colonel-in-Chief | HM The Queen<br>(Australian Infantry Corps) |
| Insignia | |
| Unit colour patch |  |
| Tartan | Gordon |


title: Veronica Zorzi

abstract: Veronica Zorzi is an Italian professional golfer. Zorzi was born in Verona. She turned professional in 2000 and joined the Ladies European Tour (LET) in 2001. She won her first LET title in 2005 at the Vediorbis Open de France Dames, and she ended that year third on the LET Order of Merit. She successfully defended her Open de France title in 2006.

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# Veronica Zorzi

**Veronica Zorzi** (born 20 October 1980) is an Italian professional golfer.

Zorzi was born in Verona. She turned professional in 2000 and joined the Ladies European Tour (LET) in 2001. She won her first LET title in 2005 at the Vediorbis Open de France Dames, and she ended that year third on the LET Order of Merit. She successfully defended her Open de France title in 2006.

## Ladies European Tour wins

## Team appearances

**Amateur**

**Professional**

## InfoBox

| Veronica Zorzi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| **Born** | (1980-10-20) 20 October 1980
Verona, Italy |
| **Height** | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| **Sporting nationality** | Italy |
| **Residence** | Verona, Italy |
| Career | |
| **Turned professional** | 2000 |
| **Current tour(s)** | Ladies European Tour (joined 2001) |
| **Professional wins** | 2 |
| Number of wins by tour | |
| Ladies European Tour | 2 |
| Best results in LPGA major championships
 | |
| Chevron Championship | T19: 2006 |
| Women's PGA C'ship | DNP |
| U.S. Women's Open | CUT: 2006 |
| Women's British Open | T36: 2006 |
| Evian Championship | DNP |


title: Victoria Jensen

abstract: Victoria Boline Frederikke Jensen (1847–1930) was a Danish deaconess and nursing supervisor. From 1914, she headed the Danish Deaconess Institute, succeeding Sophie Zahrtmann. She was also the driving force behind the establishment of a hospital in India by the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, known in Denmark as Ydre Mission.

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# Victoria Jensen

**Victoria Boline Frederikke Jensen** (1847–1930) was a Danish deaconess and nursing supervisor. From 1914, she headed the Danish Deaconess Institute, succeeding Sophie Zahrtmann. She was also the driving force behind the establishment of a hospital in India by the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, known in Denmark as *Ydre Mission*.

## Biography

Born on 16 January 1847 in Copenhagen, Jensen was the daughter of Peter Jensen, a porcelain merchant, and his wife Kristine Marie Hansen. She grew up with her four siblings in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen. While still young, she was influenced by Rudolph Frimodt (1828–1879) who headed Copenhagen's Inner Mission. After working for a few years as a housekeeper in Holbæk, from 1874 she began training as a deaconess at the Copenhagen Deaconess Institute. On completing the course, she was immediately sent to Randers Hospital where she worked with fellow deaconess Anna Marie Boyesen who ensured her further training. In 1876, Jensen was appointed head nurse at Frederiksberg Hospital where she remained for 38 years. In 1877, she was installed as a deaconess. She lived at the Deaconess Institute for the rest of her life.

Jensen, who oversaw important changes at Frederiksberg Hospital, was instrumental in organizing systematic nurses' training there. As the establishment grew from a small hospital with just 50 patients to accommodate as many as 700, she introduced separate departments for medicine, surgery and mental illness. Thanks to her training initiatives, she received honorary membership of the Danish Nurses' Organization. In 1912, Charlotte Munck, who headed the organization, wrote of Jensen's "wise and skillful management" at Frediksberg Hospital.

When Sophie Zahrtmann retired as head of the Deaconess Institute in 1914, Jensen was invited to take her place. Owing to her age (now 67) and an arthritic condition, she agreed to take up the post but only for a period of five years. With the First World War and the institute's budgetary problems, it proved a difficult time. She did nevertheless design a training program for young nurses at the institute, fully in accordance with the requirements of the nurses' organization.

Jensen also participated in other organizations, especially the Ydre Mission, where she was the driving force behind the establishment of a hospital in India around the turn of the century. From 1904, she was also an active member of the newly established *Kristelig Forening for Sygeplejersker* (Christian Association for Nurses). On her retirement in 1919, Jensen was awarded the Danish Medal of Merit.

Victoria Jensen died on 28 May 1930 in Frederiksberg and is buried in Solbjerg Park Cemetery.


title: Victorian Institute of Engineers

abstract: The Victorian Institute of Engineers (VIE) was founded in 1883 in Melbourne, Victoria Australia. In 1885 there were 124 members including 40 civil engineers engaged in hydraulic, gas, electric and roadway engineering, about 10 in mining, six in marine, and about 68 mechanical engineers. the Railway engineer Robert Watson was the first president of the institute, while other presidents included William Charles Kernot, Joshua Thomas Noble (Noble) Anderson, James Alexander Smith and John Monash. The purpose of the institute was for the creation of '...an Association where the Civil, Mechanical, Marine, Hydraulic, Mining, Agricultural, Gas, Electric, and other branches of Engineering not so enumerated will be represented, papers read, and all matters connected with these branches be discussed with a view to mutual improvement, and the cultivation of friendly relations between the Members of the different branches of the profession of Engineering'. Members were engaged in general engineering in any of its branches, and Junior Members, between the ages of 17 and 21, were students at the University or apprenticed or articled in any branch of engineering. The Institute's membership had fallen to only 99 in 1906 and in 1912 had only risen to 205. James Alexander Smith (c1864-1940), a consulting engineer was instrumental in calling for a national unification of engineering in 1909. The Institution of Engineers, Australia was eventually formed in 1919, and the Victorian Institute of Engineers continued as a separate but affiliated body until 1944.

text:
# Victorian Institute of Engineers

The **Victorian Institute of Engineers** (VIE) was founded in 1883 in Melbourne, Victoria Australia.

In 1885 there were 124 members including 40 civil engineers engaged in hydraulic, gas, electric and roadway engineering, about 10 in mining, six in marine, and about 68 mechanical engineers. the Railway engineer Robert Watson was the first president of the institute, while other presidents included William Charles Kernot, Joshua Thomas Noble (Noble) Anderson, James Alexander Smith and John Monash.

The purpose of the institute was for the creation of '...an Association where the Civil, Mechanical, Marine, Hydraulic, Mining, Agricultural, Gas, Electric, and other branches of Engineering not so enumerated will be represented, papers read, and all matters connected with these branches be discussed with a view to mutual improvement, and the cultivation of friendly relations between the Members of the different branches of the profession of Engineering'. Members were engaged in general engineering in any of its branches, and Junior Members, between the ages of 17 and 21, were students at the University or apprenticed or articled in any branch of engineering. The Institute's membership had fallen to only 99 in 1906 and in 1912 had only risen to 205. James Alexander Smith (c1864-1940), a consulting engineer was instrumental in calling for a national unification of engineering in 1909. The Institution of Engineers, Australia was eventually formed in 1919, and the Victorian Institute of Engineers continued as a separate but affiliated body until 1944.

## Proceedings

The **Proceedings of the Victorian Institute of Engineers** from 1883-1948 have been digitised, funded by Engineering Heritage Victoria, and are searchable online through University of Melbourne, Library, Digitised Collection.


title: Vidya Bal

abstract: Vidya Bal was a Marathi feminist writer/editor from Maharashtra, India. She was a social activist particularly in the area of equalization of the social status of women vis-à-vis men in India.

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# Vidya Bal

**Vidya Bal** (Devanagari: विद्या बाळ) (c. 12 January 1937 – 30 January 2020) was a Marathi feminist writer/editor from Maharashtra, India. She was a social activist particularly in the area of equalization of the social status of women vis-à-vis men in India.

## Biography

She joined the editorial staff of monthly *Stree* (स्त्री) in 1964, and then worked from 1983 to 1986 as its full-time editor. After leaving the editorship of *Stree*, she founded monthly *Miloon Saryajani* (मिळून सार्‍याजणी) in 1989. The web page http://www.miloonsaryajani.in/ contains her editorial describing her objectives in founding *Miloon Saryajani*. The biography *Kamlaki* and novel *Valvantatil Vat* are famous.

Vidya Bal fought a legal battle in the High Court of Maharashtra for women getting the right to enter various places of worship. The High Court decided in favour of her Petipa on 1 April 1899.

## Literary works

* *Sanwad* (संवाद)
* *Katha Gaurichi* (कथा गौरीची)
* *Tumachya Majhyasathi* (तुमच्या माझ्यासाठी)
* *Aparajitanche Nihshwas* (अपराजितांचे नि:श्वास)
* *Shodh Swatahacha* (शोध स्वत:चा)
* *Kamalaki* (कमलाकी) (Biography)

## InfoBox

| Vidya Bal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1937-01-12)12 January 1937 |
| Died | 30 January 2020(2020-01-30) (aged 83)<br>Pune, Maharashtra, India |


title: Victoria and Sidney Railway

abstract: The Victoria and Sidney Railway Company (V&S) was one of three railways to operate on the Saanich Peninsula of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Opened in 1894 the route largely closed in 1919 but a section of track remained in use until 1935.

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# Victoria and Sidney Railway

The **Victoria and Sidney Railway** Company (V&S) was one of three railways to operate on the Saanich Peninsula of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Opened in 1894 the route largely closed in 1919 but a section of track remained in use until 1935.

## Planning and construction

A rail–steam–rail link was proposed by BC Premier Amor de Cosmos in 1871, but then voted down by the Victoria City Council. The Victoria to Sidney rail route survey began in 1888, and the City of Victoria established the V&S in 1892 to build a rail line to serve the Saanich Peninsula.

After receiving tax concessions and various loans, final surveying and grading soon began on the route which passed through nearly every important community on the way.

## Early operation

In 1894, service began from Topaz Avenue (close to the Mayfair Mall today) to downtown Sidney (intersection of Beacon Ave. and 1st). At the time, the Saanich Peninsula was mostly forested with only limited parts cleared. Timber and cord-wood logging was a key industry in the area and provided a major source of freight revenue for the line. Since all the early V&S locomotives were wood burners, local residents quickly dubbed the train the "Cordwood Limited". A slightly less complimentary name was the "tri-weekly" because although it ran every day, it tried weakly.

In the early days of operation, the train proved popular for excursions to the agricultural fairs at Saanichton and for picnickers travelling to Bazan Bay, just south of Sidney, and other areas of the peninsula. Before the automobile era, the roads were in very poor condition, and the train was the common means of travel.

The V&S operated three locomotives. In 1893, No.1 was delivered and helped in tracklaying. This 40-ton 2-6-0 Mogul class locomotive was built in Kingston, Ontario by the Canadian Locomotive Company. It was well suited to the local service and was the mainstay of the railroad. It handled the 7% grade at Royal Oak much better than the other two locomotives. The No.2 was a much older 4-4-0 built in 1875. The engine's large drivers caused slipping on the grades, limiting assignment to the lightest trains. The No.3 was a heavier 4-4-0 and like the No.1 was better suited to the steep grades on the V&S.

## Mainland connection

In 1902, the Victoria Terminal Railway and Ferry Company, controlled by the Great Northern Railway (GN), purchased the V&S, The planned extension to connect with the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway depot in downtown Victoria never went beyond City Hall ( Pandora and Broad St). In 1903, the VTRF opened the short CloverdalePort Guichon railway link, and commenced the Port Guichon–Sidney train ferry that connected with the V&S. However, V&S traffic continued to decline with service deteriorating

## Competition and demise

A further blow came in 1913 when the BC Electric Railway company (BCER) opened an interurban service to Deep Bay (now Deep Cove) n North Saanich, complementing its well established streetcar lines in the city of Victoria. The BCER offered a more frequent passenger service than the V&S, which was hampered by outdated equipment. Business on the V&S briefly picked up and competition between the two railways was fierce. GN replaced the old wooden cars on the V&S with a modern gasoline-powered unit built by the McKeen Motor Car Company.

With the construction of the Canadian Northern line (later becoming Canadian National (CN) Patricia Bay Subdivision) from Victoria to Patricia Bay, the competition became too intense. After GN pulled out of operating the V&S in 1917, service continued for another year but finally shut down in 1919, and the line was abandoned. A small stretch was purchased by CN to serve the Sidney area. CN abandoned its Patricia Bay Sub north of McKenzie Ave in 1935, and the remaining portion of the V&S was abandoned.

Part of the western side of the walking trail that circles Elk/Beaver Lake is a rail trail on the former rail bed. The V&S right-of-way linked Keating Cross Road and the Prairie Inn at Mt Newton Cross Road. In 1926, the southern part of this segment, which joins E. Saanich Road, was named "Veyaness Road" (V&S).

## Map

* "Pre-World War II North Saanich compilation map". *www.ardmoregolfcourse.com*.


abstract: The Victoria bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games is a cancelled bid by Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Commonwealth Games Canada to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games. On 24 August 2017 Victoria withdrew its bid to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games, leaving only Birmingham and Liverpool in the race.

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# Victoria bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games

The **Victoria bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games** is a cancelled bid by Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Commonwealth Games Canada to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games. On 24 August 2017 Victoria withdrew its bid to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games, leaving only Birmingham and Liverpool in the race.

## Background

On 30 June 2017, Victoria officially announced its bid to host the games. Bid committee chair David Black announced the bid was submitted with letters of support from the provincial government, local municipalities and the University of Victoria. Lisa Helps, the mayor of Victoria, revealed on 30 April 2017 that the City of Victoria was exploring a possible bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Victoria last hosted the 1994 Commonwealth Games. Vancouver, which is also in British Columbia, hosted the 1954 Commonwealth Games and 2010 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.

On 24 August 2017 B.C. Finance Minister Carole James announced in a statement that the province won't contribute funding to a 2022 Commonwealth Games bid because there were too many uncertainties. She cited question marks surrounding the bid, including revenue commitments, venue locations, costs for security – which weren’t including in the bid committee’s cost estimate – and any added costs like transit, infrastructure and health services for athletes. The government agreed, with James saying they were dealing with too many other crises including one of B.C’s worst wildfire seasons in history. James suggested to bid for the 2030 Commonwealth Games.

## Cost

The total cost of the Victoria 2022 Commonwealth Games was anticipated to be in the region of $955 million with $400 million expected to come from the Government of Canada, $400 million from the province, $25 million from local municipalities and $130 million from sponsorship deals to pay for the Games.

## Venues

Following were the venues proposed for the games:

### Venues in Victoria

| Venue | Sport | Status |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Regional Stadium in the West Shore | Ceremonies Athletics | New |
| Gymnastics Arena | Gymnastics | New |
| Beach Volleyball Court | Beach Volleyball | Temporary |
| Saanich Commonwealth Place | Swimming | Existing |
| Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre | Boxing | Existing |
| Q Centre | Judo Wrestling | Existing |
| University of Victoria’s CARSA Gym | Netball | Existing |
| University of Victoria | Field Hockey | Existing |
| Bear Mountain | Mountain biking | Existing |
| Elk Lake | Triathlon | Existing |
| Juan de Fuca | Lawn bowling | Existing |

### Venues outside Victoria

| Venue | Sport | Status |
| --- | --- | --- |
| B.C. Place | Rugby sevens | Existing |
| Richmond Oval | Badminton Table Tennis | Existing |

Commonwealth Games celebrated in Canada

## InfoBox

Victoria bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Host city | Victoria, British Columbia, Canada |
| Motto | *Back to the Future* |
| Website | www.2022victoria.com |


title: Vigo County Home for Dependent Children

abstract: Vigo County Home for Dependent Children, also known as the Glenn Home, is a historic orphanage located in Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, Indiana. The main building was built in 1903, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Colonial Revival style brick building on a raised basement. It has a hipped and gabled roof and features a semi-circular, two-story portico with four Doric order columns. Also on the property is a contributing former boiler house. The main building is the home of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity chapter at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. In the1970's Glenn Home was the location of one of the most abusive orphanages in USA history. The abuses included psychological, emotional, physical and/or sexual on children as young as 10 years of age. To this day Vigo County, the Methodist Church of Indiana and other have not acknowledged the atrocities even though many of the former residents have come forward with their stories. https://www.facebook.com/glennhomeabuse It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

text:
# Vigo County Home for Dependent Children

**Vigo County Home for Dependent Children**, also known as the Glenn Home, is a historic orphanage located in Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, Indiana. The main building was built in 1903, and is a 2+12-story, Colonial Revival style brick building on a raised basement. It has a hipped and gabled roof and features a semi-circular, two-story portico with four Doric order columns. Also on the property is a contributing former boiler house. The main building is the home of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity chapter at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.

In the1970's Glenn Home was the location of one of the most abusive orphanages in USA history. The abuses included psychological, emotional, physical and/or sexual on children as young as 10 years of age. To this day Vigo County, the Methodist Church of Indiana and other have not acknowledged the atrocities even though many of the former residents have come forward with their stories. https://www.facebook.com/glennhomeabuse

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Vigo County Home for Dependent Children | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Vigo County Home for Dependent Children, May 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 7140 Wabash Ave. east of Terre Haute, Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, Indiana |
| Coordinates | 39°29′16″N 87°18′21″W / 39.48778°N 87.30583°W / 39.48778; -87.30583 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1903 (1903) |
| Architect | Miller, Martin |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 00000674 |
| Added to NRHP | June 15, 2000 |


title: Vii (river)

abstract: The Vii is a right tributary of the river Glavacioc in Romania. It discharges into the Glavacioc in Puranii de Sus. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 44 km⁲ (17 sq mi).

text:
# Vii (river)

The **Vii** is a right tributary of the river Glavacioc in Romania. It discharges into the Glavacioc in Puranii de Sus. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 44 km2 (17 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Vii | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Teleorman County |
| Villages | Siliștea, Puranii de Sus |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| coordinates | 44°24′48″N 25°16′19″E / 44.41333°N 25.27194°E / 44.41333; 25.27194 |
| elevation | 142 m (466 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Glavacioc |
| location | Puranii de Sus |
| coordinates | 44°22′25″N 25°22′50″E / 44.37361°N 25.38056°E / 44.37361; 25.38056 |
| elevation | 124 m (407 ft) |
| Length | 17 km (11 mi) |
| Basin size | 44 km2 (17 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | GlavaciocCâlnișteaNeajlovArgeșDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Villanova (short story)

abstract: "Villanova" is a short story by American humorist John Hodgman. It was first published in the first issue of One Story on April 1, 2002.

text:
# Villanova (short story)

"**Villanova**" (or "**How I Became a Former Professional Literary Agent**") is a short story by American humorist John Hodgman. It was first published in the first issue of *One Story* on April 1, 2002.

## Premise

While attending a 1998 romance and western fiction writers' conference in an Oklahoma City Embassy Suites, an unnamed literary agent stumbles across an elusive science fiction writer who has largely disappeared since the 1970s after publishing an incomplete trilogy.

The story is interspersed with excerpts from a fictional June 1979 *Playboy* magazine article called "Where Is Darling Egan?"

## Publication

The original publication of *Villanova* was limited to a print run of 600 with an overall cost of $1,000.

*Villanova* was republished as "How I Became a Former Professional Literary Agent" in the final chapter "The Beginning" for Hodgman's 2011 satirical almanac *That Is All*.

## Reception

*New York Journal of Books*'s Vinton Rafe McCabe reviewed the story (along with the penultimate *That Is All* chapter "The End") as "honestly, in and of themselves, worth the cost of all three books."

## InfoBox

| "Villanova" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by John Hodgman | |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Short story |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *One Story* |
| Publication type | Periodical |
| Publisher | One Story, Inc. |
| Media type | Print (Magazine) |
| Publication date | April 1, 2002 |


title: Victoria Wolff

abstract: Victoria Wolff, a German born American writer and screenwriter.

text:
# Victoria Wolff

**Victoria Wolff** (10 December 1903 16 September 1992), a German born American writer and screenwriter.

## Biography

Born Gertrude Victor in Heilbronn 10 December 1903, to the Jewish leather manufacturer Jacob Victor, Wolff often gave her birth year as 1908. She was educated in the local grammar school from 1917 where she was the first girl to do so and the only one trying for her exams in 1922. She went on to study chemistry with the intention of taking over her father's business as she was his only heir. However she finally gave that up to focus on writing. Her bachelor's degree was from the University of Munich in 1929. Wolff completed her master's degree at the University of Lausanne in 1931. She started writing reports for local newspapers and worked her way through a number of bigger publications, including the *Frankfurter Zeitung*, the *Kölnische Zeitung*, the *Stuttgarter Neue Tagblatt* and *Die Dame*, before getting short stories published in the Süddeutscher Rundfunk. Her first marriage was to the textile manufacturer Dr. Alfred Max Wolf, with whom she had two children.

Wolff published her first novel, *Eine Frau wie du und ich*, in 1932, and her second, *Mädchen, wohin?*, came out the following year. When the Nazi party came to power, however, she was barred from the Reich Association of German Writers on account of her Jewishness, and she went into exile in Switzerland in April 1933. She first settled in Ascona, writing prolifically until 1938, when she was no longer permitted to write for the Swiss media. When she circumvented this rule using a pen name, she was deported from the country. She moved to France and settled in Nice, but after the German invasion of 1940 she was arrested on supposed grounds of espionage and was jailed for six weeks. She found refuge in the United States in 1941 and eventually settled in Los Angeles, where she had success as a Hollywood screenwriter. She divorced her first husband in the late 1940s and in 1949 married Erich Wolff. She continued writing essays, stories, novels, and screenplays.

After the end of the Second World War, Wolff was able to return to Heilbronn, and visited the city regularly from 1949 to 1985. She died in Los Angeles on September 16, 1992. She is remembered in her school, now the Robert Mayer Gymnasium, with a Prize for performance in art, music, literature and theater. In 2002 Julie Amador, her daughter, attended the first award ceremony.

## Limited bibliography

### Novels

* *Eine Frau wie du und ich* (1932)
* *Mädchen, wohin?* (1933)
* *Eine Frau hat Mut* (1933)
* *Die Welt ist blau* (1934)
* *Gast in der Heimat* (1935)
* *Glück ist eine Eigenschaft* (1937)
* *Drei Tage* (1937)
* *Das weisse Abendkleid* (1939)
* *The Spell of Egypt (König im Tal der Könige)* (1943/1945)
* *Keine Zeit für Tränen* (1954)
* *Liebe ist immer anders* (1955)
* *Stadt ohne Unschuld* (Fabulous City) (1956/1957)
* *Ein anderer Mann (Breakdown)* (1962/1958)
* *Bräute für Amerika* (1962)
* *Mutter und Tochter* (1964)
* *Lügen haben langen Beine* (1964)
* *Liebe auf Kap Kennedy* (1970)

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Victoria Wolff | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 10 December 1903
Heilbronn |
| Died | 16 September 1992
Los Angeles |
| Nationality | American, German |
| Other names | Ellinor Colling
Claudia Martell
Hans Baysen
Trude Wolf
 |


title: Victoria Wood (1989 TV series)

abstract: Victoria Wood is a series of six one-off situation comedies written by and starring Victoria Wood in 1989, who took a break from sketches, two years after her successful sketch series Victoria Wood: As Seen on TV. Wood appeared as a fictionalised version of herself in all six episodes; she was generally identified only as "Victoria", but in the first episode was also addressed as "Miss Wood". Her real-life career was occasionally a plot point: in "The Library", it was said that she "worked in TV", and in Over To Pam characters recognised her as a comedian, though two confused her with Dawn French. Most notably, in the final episode, Staying In, she was taken to a party to perform as a stand-up comedian. Her character sometimes broke the fourth wall of TV and spoke directly to the camera, but not in every episode.

text:
# Victoria Wood (1989 TV series)

***Victoria Wood*** (retitled ***Victoria Wood Presents*** from 2007 for its DVD release) is a series of six one-off situation comedies written by and starring Victoria Wood in 1989, who took a break from sketches, two years after her successful sketch series *Victoria Wood: As Seen on TV*. Wood appeared as a fictionalised version of herself in all six episodes; she was generally identified only as "Victoria", but in the first episode was also addressed as "Miss Wood". Her real-life career was occasionally a plot point: in "The Library", it was said that she "worked in TV", and in *Over To Pam* characters recognised her as a comedian, though two confused her with Dawn French. Most notably, in the final episode, *Staying In*, she was taken to a party to perform as a stand-up comedian. Her character sometimes broke the fourth wall of TV and spoke directly to the camera, but not in every episode.

## Production

Bored with the sketch format and with a yearning to recapture her previous success as a playwright, Wood came up with six individual sitcoms as a compromise. She admitted to finding the writing difficult. Though Wood was written as the central character, other lead parts were written with specific actresses in mind, such as Julie Walters and Una Stubbs. She said of the characters, "I want people to like me and the people who play my friends, and not everybody else."

Unlike *As Seen on TV*, the show was not filmed in front of a studio audience, though the recordings were later played for an audience to record a laugh track. Wood regretted this decision as it deprived her of the "instant gratification" of an audience response, and described the filming as a "boring, diabolical and awful" experience.

## Reception

The series was met with a mixed critical reception. The series started out with an impressive 13 million viewers tuning in, but by the next week dropped to 11 million. The *Daily Express* called the show "tiresome stuff", while the *Daily Mirror* said Wood's targets were "predictable and snobbish". Wood later acknowledged, "It wasn't as well written by me as it could have been, and I shouldn't have been in all the sketches." In retrospect, Screenonline was more positive in its review, saying, "Modest in ambition and scale but rich in wit and acuity, the six playlets showcase Wood's eye for human foibles and her distinctively eccentric characters."

## Episode guide

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Mens Sana in Thingummy Doodah" | Kevin Bishop | Victoria Wood | 16 November 1989 (1989-11-16) |
| Victoria's friend Lill (Lill Roughley) drags her to a health farm run by a clueless manager (Julie Walters) and crude concierge (Liza Tarbuck), but Victoria's patience with the weight loss industry wears thin.
*Featuring:* Julie Walters (Nicola); Lill Roughley (Lill); Liza Tarbuck (Dana); Meg Johnson (Connie); Anne Reid (Enid); Georgia Allen (Sallyanne); Selina Cadell (Judy); Bryan Burdon (Maintenance man); Rosalind March (Melanie Dickinson – girl on video); Peter Martin (Man in cafe). | | | | | |
| 2 | "The Library" | Geoff Posner | Victoria Wood | 23 November 1989 (1989-11-23) |
| Victoria helps her friend Sheila (Anne Reid) choose her dates from a video dating service, using the local library's VCR – then tags along on the dates in case one of them turns out to be an axe murderer.
*Featuring:* Anne Reid (Sheila); Carol MacReady (Madge – librarian); Richard Kane (John - assistant librarian); Philip Lowrie (Keith); David Henry (Richard); Danny O'Dea (Ted). | | | | | |
| 3 | "Over to Pam" | Geoff Posner | Victoria Wood | 30 November 1989 (1989-11-30) |
| Victoria accompanies her hairdresser friend Lorraine (Kay Adshead) to an interview on the daytime TV hit *Live with Pam*. But the show's self-absorbed host, Pam Cunard (Julie Walters), gets her comeuppance when, at the last minute, Lorraine disappears and is impersonated by Victoria.
*Featuring:* Julie Walters (Pam); Kay Adshead (Lorraine); Meg Johnson (Saundra - Console Television receptionist); Shirley Cain (Marge); Julia St. John (Caroline); Hugh Lloyd (Jim); Margery Mason (Alma); Lill Roughley (Sue); William Osborne (Neil); Charubala Chokski (Dr. Rani Najitwar); Alison King (Canteen server). | | | | | |
| 4 | "We'd Quite Like to Apologise" | Kevin Bishop | Victoria Wood | 7 December 1989 (1989-12-07) |
| Victoria is looking forward to a holiday in the sun, but ends up instead hanging around an airport passenger lounge with her fellow passengers waiting for their delayed plane to arrive.
*Featuring:* Julie Walters (Joyanne); Una Stubbs (Una); Lill Roughley (Barbara); Philip Lowrie (John); Jane Horrocks (Kathy); Celia Imrie (Carol - SunSeaKing rep); Tristram Wymark (Guy); Susie Blake (Girl at check-in desk); Rosalind March (Woman in car); Valerie Minifie (Woman in lift); Peter Martin (Man on travelator); Joe Fraser (Spanish waiter); Rory Bremner (Radio voices), David Jacobs (Voice of David Jacobs), Duncan Preston (Voice of Captain Lewis), Graham Seed (Other radio voices). | | | | | |
| 5 | "Val de Ree (Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha)" | Kevin Bishop | Victoria Wood | 14 December 1989 (1989-12-14) |
| Victoria and her friend Jackie (Celia Imrie) go off on a walking and camping holiday across the Yorkshire Dales, but find they are unable to erect their tent and have trouble finding somewhere to sleep. There's only one way for Victoria and Jackie to get into the hostel run by the haughty and slightly mad Susan (Joan Sims): pretending to be the survivalist lecturers expected to give a talk that evening.
*Featuring:* Celia Imrie (Jackie); Siân Thomas (Girl on farm); Michael Lumsden (Jamie); Avril Angers (Mim); Michael Nightingale (Daddy); Joan Sims (Susan). | | | | | |
| 6 | "Staying In" | Geoff Posner | Victoria Wood | 21 December 1989 (1989-12-21) |
| Victoria wants to stay in for the night and watch television, but receives a telephone call from her stuck-up friend Jane (Deborah Grant), who drags her along to a posh London dinner party hosted by Moira (Patricia Hodge).
*Featuring:* Patricia Hodge (Moira); Deborah Grant (Jane); Phyllis Calvert (Hilary); Lill Roughley (Dulcie); Roger Brierley (Gerald); John Nettleton (Charles); Jim Broadbent (Alan); Bryan Burdon (Jim); Celia Imrie (Woman on TV/Julia/TV soundtrack female voice); Susie Blake (Judith); Richard Lintern (Kevin); Dawn Archibald (Ailsa); Susan Leong (Filipino waitress); Peter Goodwright (TV soundtrack male voices). | | | | | |

## Home media

### VHS and DVDs

| Format | Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| VHS | *Mens Sana in Thingummy Doodah* | 7 September 1992 | BBC Video | Also includes the episodes *The Library* and *Over to Pam*. |
| VHS | *We'd Quite Like to Apologise* | 1993 | BBC Video | Also includes the episodes *Val de Ree (Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha)* and *Staying In*. |
| DVD | *Victoria Wood Presents* | 21 May 2007 | 2 Entertain | Retitled. Includes all 6 episodes. |
| DVD | *Victoria Wood Presents* | 18 October 2010 | 2 Entertain | Includes all 6 episodes on one disc, part of the 7-disc box set *The Victoria Wood Collection*. |
| DVD | *Victoria Wood Presents* | 17 October 2016 | 2 Entertain | Includes all 6 episodes on one disc, part of the re-release of the 7-disc box set *The Victoria Wood Collection*. |

### Script collection

On 13 September 1990, the scripts of all six shows were published by Methuen London as *Mens Sana in Thingummy Doodah, and Other Nuggets of Homely Fun*. The book is dedicated "To all the Old Bags in Equity, most of whom were in the series". The book contains a preface by Wood about what it's like to make a TV programme:

> Once the Writer has finished writing, she takes the 'scripts' to the BBC where a seventeen-year-old Secretary spills coffee on them and leaves them behind the photocopier. When the Secretary leaves the BBC to become a full-time sunbather it can sometimes be a jolly long time before those 'scripts' come to light! And sometimes when they do they have been hidden for such a long time they have become 'dated' and 'unrealistic'. But fortunately, the BBC will still make them into 'programmes'.

## InfoBox

| *Victoria Wood* | |
| --- | --- |
| Wood with Patricia Hodge and Jim Broadbent in a still from the episode 'Staying In' | |
| Created by | Victoria Wood |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Geoff Posner |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC1 |
| Release | 16 November (1989-11-16)
21 December 1989 (1989-12-21) |


title: István Kövesfalvi

abstract: István Kövesfalvi is a retired Hungarian football player who is currently the goalkeeping coach of Egri FC.

text:
# István Kövesfalvi

**István Kövesfalvi** (born 5 December 1968 in Budapest) is a retired Hungarian football player who is currently the goalkeeping coach of Egri FC.

## InfoBox

István Kövesfalvi
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | István Kövesfalvi | | |
| Date of birth | (1968-12-05) 5 December 1968 | | |
| Place of birth | Budapest, Hungary | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Veresegyház VSK | | |
| Number | 12 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–1997 | Debreceni VSC | 22 | (0) |
| 1998–1999 | Gazszer FC | 66 | (0) |
| 2000–2002 | Vasas SC | 49 | (0) |
| 2002–2004 | REAC | 19 | (0) |
| 2004–2006 | Diósgyőri VTK | 37 | (0) |
| 2006–2007 | Ujpest FC | 1 | (0) |
| 2007 | FC Tatabánya | 0 | (0) |
| 2008 | Diósgyőri VTK | 2 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | Szolnok | 3 | (0) |
| 2011–2012 | Dabas FC | 29 | (0) |
| 2012 | Egri FC | 0 | (0) |
| 2013– | Veresegyház VSK | 12 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2011– | Egri FC (goalkeeper coach) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Göteborg Sim

abstract: Föreningen Göteborg Sim, commonly known as Göteborg Sim, is a Swedish swimming club based in Gothenburg and founded in 1991. The greatest swimmers in the history of Göteborg Sim is Erik Andersson and Josefin Lillhage.

text:
# Göteborg Sim

**Föreningen Göteborg Sim**, commonly known as **Göteborg Sim**, is a Swedish swimming club based in Gothenburg and founded in 1991. The greatest swimmers in the history of Göteborg Sim is Erik Andersson and Josefin Lillhage.

## History

Göteborg Sim was founded on 3 June 1991 through a merge of Göteborgs KK Najaden (founded through a merge of Göteborgs KK and SK Najaden in 1971, where Göteborgs KK was founded in 1934 as Masthuggets SIS, and SK Najaden in 1917 from the women's department of SK Göteborg) and Askim-Frölunda SK (founded 1972 as Askims SK).

At the 1999 FINA World Swimming Championships, Göteborg Sim swimmer Josefin Lillhage won a gold in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay with Sweden. Lillhage, who had swum for Göteborg Sim and its merging members her whole career except for two years at Simavdelningen 1902, continued to Väsby SS the following year.

Göteborg Sim had their first Olympic swimmer at the 2008 Summer Olympics, when Claire Hedenskog and Joline Höstman participated.

In 2022, the diving and synchronized swimming club SIK Delfin (founded in 1997 as SHK Göteborg) joined Göteborg Sim.

## Swimmers

*Swimmers that have participated in the Summer Olympics while representing Göteborg Sim:*

## InfoBox

| Göteborg Sim | |
| --- | --- |
| Club information | |
| Full name | Föreningen Göteborg Sim |
| Short name | GS |
| City | Gothenburg |
| Founded | 3 June 1991 (1991-06-03) |
| Home pool(s) | Valhallabadet |


title: FC Grand Pro Varna

abstract: FC Grand Pro Varna was a professional futsal team based in Varna, Bulgaria. It played in the Bulgarian Futsal Championship. The club was officially founded in 2003 under the name Piccadilly. In 2007 the club called MFC Varna. The club colors are yellow, red and black. In 2011 MFC Varna became the champion of Bulgaria for the third time, but after unsuccessful participation in the qualifying rounds of the Champions League, at the end of August 2011, the club was officially dissolved.

text:
# FC Grand Pro Varna

**FC Grand Pro Varna** was a professional futsal team based in Varna, Bulgaria. It played in the Bulgarian Futsal Championship. The club was officially founded in 2003 under the name Piccadilly. In 2007 the club called MFC Varna. The club colors are yellow, red and black.

In 2011 MFC Varna became the champion of Bulgaria for the third time, but after unsuccessful participation in the qualifying rounds of the Champions League, at the end of August 2011, the club was officially dissolved.

## Achievements

* Champions of Bulgaria: 3 times (2005, 2007, 2009)
* Winner of Bulgarian futsal cup: 3 times (2006, 2008, 2009)

## Current Squad 2008/09

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  BUL Ismet Hadzhiev  2   BUL Viktor Viktorov  3   BUL Boycho Marev  4   BUL Boris Trendafilov  6   BUL Pavel Pavlov  10   BUL Vladimir Gochev  12   BUL Georgi Georgiev  13   BUL Anton Atanasov  21   BUL Ivaylo Borisov  22   BUL Blagovest Marev  33 GK  BUL Stanislav Ivanov |
| --- |

## InfoBox

MFC Varna
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | FC Grand Pro Varna |
| Founded | 2 October 2003 (2003-10-02) |
| Dissolved | 2011 (2011) |
| Ground | Vladislav Arena, Varna |
| Manager | Veselin Branimirov |
| League | Bulgarian Futsal Championship |
| 2007/08 | 2nd |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sun FM

abstract:
Sun FM may refer to:
  - Nation Radio North East's previous name
  - Sun FM, an English language radio station based in Sri Lanka
  - CICF-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 105.7 FM in Vernon, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 105.7 Sun FM
  - CHSU-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 99.9 FM in Kelowna, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 99.9 Sun FM
  - CJMG-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 97.1 FM in Penticton, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 97.1 Sun FM
  - CHRX-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 98.5 FM in generally Fort St. John, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 98.5 Sun FM
  - CKUL-FM, a Canadian radio station, formerly known as 96.5 Sun FM, but now as 96.5 Kool FM, being broadcast in Halifax, Nova Scotia
  - CFPW-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 95.7 FM in Powell River, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 95.7 Sun FM
  - CKBL-FM, a Canadian radio station in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, formerly known as 92.9 Sun FM
  - WAIL, an American radio station, broadcasting as 99.5 FM in Key West, Florida, using the on-air branding as Sun 99.5
  - Suryan FM, a radio station known as the Sun Network
  - Sun FM, a New Zealand Māori radio station
  - one of several Australia radio stations included in the list of radio stations in Australia

text:
# Sun FM

**Sun FM** may refer to:

* Nation Radio North East's previous name
* Sun FM (Sri Lanka), an English language radio station based in Sri Lanka
* CICF-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 105.7 FM in Vernon, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 105.7 Sun FM
* CHSU-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 99.9 FM in Kelowna, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 99.9 Sun FM
* CJMG-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 97.1 FM in Penticton, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 97.1 Sun FM
* CHRX-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 98.5 FM in generally Fort St. John, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 98.5 Sun FM
* CKUL-FM, a Canadian radio station, formerly known as 96.5 Sun FM, but now as 96.5 Kool FM, being broadcast in Halifax, Nova Scotia
* CFPW-FM, a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 95.7 FM in Powell River, British Columbia, using the on-air branding as 95.7 Sun FM
* CKBL-FM, a Canadian radio station in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, formerly known as 92.9 Sun FM
* WAIL, an American radio station, broadcasting as 99.5 FM in Key West, Florida, using the on-air branding as Sun 99.5
* Suryan FM, a radio station known as the Sun Network
* Sun FM (New Zealand), a New Zealand Māori radio station
* one of several Australia radio stations included in the list of radio stations in Australia


title: The Weight of the Nation

abstract: The Weight of the Nation is a four-part documentary series produced by American cable television network HBO. Addressing the growing obesity epidemic in the United States, it was first aired in May 2012. The documentary series included collaboration with National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Institute of Medicine. The series was produced by John Hoffman. The scientific commentators featured in the documentary include Francis Collins, Samuel Klein, Rudolph Leibel, Robert Lustig, and Kelly D. Brownell.

text:
# The Weight of the Nation

***The Weight of the Nation*** is a four-part documentary series produced by American cable television network HBO. Addressing the growing obesity epidemic in the United States, it was first aired in May 2012. The documentary series included collaboration with National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Institute of Medicine. The series was produced by John Hoffman.

The scientific commentators featured in the documentary include Francis Collins, Samuel Klein, Rudolph Leibel, Robert Lustig, and Kelly D. Brownell.

## Content

The series consists of four approximately hour-long films:

1. Consequences
2. Choices
3. Children in Crisis
4. Challenges

## InfoBox

| *The Weight of the Nation* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Written by | Dan Chaykin |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 4 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Sheila Nevins<br>John Hoffman |
| Producer | Sarah Teale |
| Production company | HBO Documentary Films |
| Original release | |
| Network | HBO |
| Release | 14 May 2012 (14 May 2012) |


title: Ikhide Ikheloa

abstract: Ikhide Roland Ikheloa is a Nigerian writer and literary critic who has worked in the American civil service since 1984. He is widely read and known in Anglophone Africa for his strong opinions on literature and politics which has won him many admirers and also made him very controversial. While he is seen as a writer and critic by his admirers, this position has often been debated by his critics. But Ikheloa simply refers to himself as a reader who writes and is highly opinionated.

text:
# Ikhide Ikheloa

**Ikhide Roland Ikheloa** is a Nigerian writer and literary critic who has worked in the American civil service since 1984. He is widely read and known in Anglophone Africa for his strong opinions on literature and politics which has won him many admirers and also made him very controversial. While he is seen as a writer and critic by his admirers, this position has often been debated by his critics. But Ikheloa simply refers to himself as a reader who writes and is highly opinionated.

## Early life and education

Ikhide Ikheloa was born in Ikeja Barracks, Lagos on February 14, 1959. His father was an itinerant policeman and his mother was a typist at the Lagos immigration office. As a result of his father's occupation, he was often transferred to different places across Southern Nigeria. Ikheloa earned a BSc in Biochemistry from the University of Benin in 1979.

He moved to the United States in 1982 to pursue a Masters in Business Administration degree (MBA) at the University of Mississippi, from where he graduated in 1984.

## Career

Ikheloa is a writer, widely known as a literary and social critic. He describes himself more as a writer who reads. But the common perception of him is of a writer who is a critic. His nonfiction pieces have been published in world renowned magazines like Guernica and Ecclectica; his political opinion pieces have been published in Independent UK, and the defunct NEXT newspaper which he claims to have written 150 pieces for in 3 years. He has also written extensively for African Writer, Brittle Paper and other important African literary magazines.

Ikheloa is one of the most influential literary and social critics in Anglophone Africa. His essays on novels by African writers are widely read, and his opinions on books have often caused a stir in the literary world, including brief face-offs between him and the authors. In 2017, Ikheloa's essay on Fiston Mwanza Mujila's *Tram 83,* changed the conversation around the book forever.

*Tram 83,* having won the 2015 Etisalat Prize for Literature and been described by the Guardian as "the African novel wowing the literary world", looked set to become a classic. But Ikheloa published an essay on his blog, pointing out the book's misogyny and inadequate portrayal of Africans as people who only eat, drink and have sexual intercourse. After a long argument, which took place for days in the media among some of Africa's biggest literary names, including Tsitsi Dangarembga, Petina Gappah, Zukiswa Wanner, Bwesigye Wa Mugire, Richard Oduor Oduku, the conversation around the book changed forever.

Ikheloa is not just widely read, but prolific. He is said to have written on more books than any other critic within the past two decades.

He also writes on politics. It was during the political upheavals in Nigeria in the 1990s that his writing found life again after he became an activist. In the 1990s, after having lived in the United States for a decade, Ikheloa linked up with a few friends and bigwigs, including Wole Soyinka, Beko Ransome Kuti, in a platform known as Naijanet to fight for MKO Abiola's stolen mandate.

They wrote and organised conferences, and traveled to reach people in the process. During Abacha's regime, Ikhide was a frequent guest at Radio Kudirat, one of the effective initiatives formed in Nigeria at the time to combat tyranny.

He has since continued to write about politics. He has said that although some friends entered politics in 1998, he held back in order to stay outside and work to hold folks accountable.

## Movements

Ikheloa has been known to champion the authentic African narrative, often willing to draw his dagger on writers and prizes which force writers to write in a certain way. In 2011, he criticised the Caine Prize for African Literature suggesting that "The creation of a prize for 'African writing' may have created the unintended effect of breeding writers willing to stereotype Africa for glory. The mostly lazy, predictable stories that made the 2011 shortlist celebrate orthodoxy and mediocrity.... The problem now is that many writers are skewing their written perspectives to fit what they imagine will sell to the West and the judges of the Caine Prize...."

In 2014, at the height of the build-up to the General elections in 2015, Ikheloa fell out of favour with a large part of the literary society in Nigeria for fiercely opposing writers and literary community who supported General Muhammadu Buhari's Presidency.

In 2017, he called for the boycotting of the Kaduna Books and Arts Festival (KABAFEST) in its inaugural year on the grounds that its host, Mallam. Nasir El Rufai was responsible for the about over 300 Shi’ite Muslims who were killed and buried in mass graves in Kaduna.

Ikheloa is a well known champion for telling stories on digital platforms. He believes that the internet is the future of storytelling and has often said the book as we know it is dead, but ideas (as in the internet) lives.He has been described by Alexander Fyfe as one of the most visible online critics whose contribution to the literary discourse online has led to the increasing visibility of African literature in the internet.

In September 2022, at the James Currey Festival at Oxford University, England, Ikheloa, during his acceptance speech of the Lifetime Achievement Award for literary criticism, advocated for more digital publishing opportunities in Nigeria.

Ikheloa has once participated in the Esan collective which was held online, an attempt to help the condition of plummeting Esan speakers.

### Social media advocacy

Ikheloa is widely known for his social media advocacy. He has espoused that the best of African writing happening currently is no longer in books, but on the internet where people are free to write without pandering to anyone. He is famous for his controversial quips about how books are dying, but ideas live. Ikheloa's high regard of social media is closely related to the fact that he has built his literary career on social media, on his blog and social media accounts where he has thousands of followers and his pieces have been read nby hundreds of thousands. His view relates that progress on the African literary front is closely tied to its acceptance of the present status quo. In his acceptance speech at the James Currey Literary Festival in the United Kingdom (UK), he said:

> "The greatest tragedy of modern literature is that those who are invested in the past, those who are welded to the book, hold strong sway over the trajectory of the world’s stories. These powerful keepers of the gate of stories insist on reading to a bored, disengaged world, one-dimensional pap, milled from a flat world. Imagine where the world would be today if mathematicians had insisted on feeding us faded truths from the slide rule. Computers would be relegated to third class status to be patronized by the mummified wealthy. And we would not be here today... "On balance, the West has been supportive of African literature, but the Internet and social media house authentic African narrative, unlike the sanitized gruel from many traditional Western publishing houses. We must revive African narrative organically. Long live social media!"

## Awards

In September 2022, Ikheloa was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award in literary criticism at the James Currey Literary festival held at Oxford University, England.

## InfoBox

| Ikhide Ikheloa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ikhide Roland Ikheloa
(1959-02-14) February 14, 1959
Ikeja Barracks, Lagos, Nigeria |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Education | University of Benin, 1979. (BSc). University of Mississippi, 1984. (MBA). |
| Occupation | Writer. literary critic. civil servant |
| Era | Third Generation |
| Known for | Social and literary criticism |
| Awards | Lifetime Award for Literary Criticism (James Currey Society). |
| Website | www.xokigbo.com |


title: Gerald F. Keeling

abstract: Gerald Fay Keeling was a major general in the United States Air Force, who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Procurement and Production for the Air Force Systems Command, and as Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Systems and Logistics.

text:
# Gerald F. Keeling

**Gerald Fay Keeling** (23 October 1915 – 23 September 2006) was a major general in the United States Air Force, who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Procurement and Production for the Air Force Systems Command, and as Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Systems and Logistics.

## Early life

Gerald Fay Keeling was born in Lockney, Texas, on 23 October 1915. He attended high school in Fowler, Colorado, and entered Colorado A&M in 1933. In 1939, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet. He graduated from flying school at Randolph Field, Texas, in June 1940.

## World War II

After graduation, Keeling served as a flight instructor at Randolph Field. From 1942 to 1944, he was involved in activating schools for bombardiers in Texas and Big Springs, Texas, where he was a squadron commander and station commander. In 1945, he graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He also attended the Air Command and Staff College. His first overseas assignment came in 1947, when he became chief of staff of the 301st Fighter Wing, which was part of the Fifth Air Force, and stationed on Okinawa.

## Postwar

On returning to the United States in 1948, Keeling was stationed at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base on Ohio as the chief of the Aircraft and Missile Section in the Procurement Division of the Air Materiel Command. He attended the University of Pittsburgh, completing the management course there in 1949. He attended the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, from he graduated in 1954.

Keeling served at U.S. Air Force headquarters from July 1954 through May 1958. During the first year he was deputy director, Procurement and Production Engineering, before becoming executive to the Deputy Chief of Staff, Materiel. In this position he was instrumental in developing a "coordinated program of a highly classified nature of immeasurable importance to the nation's security", for which he received the Legion of Merit in 1956.

In 1958, Keeling became the Air Force plant representative at North American Aviation in 1958. He became Commander of Headquarters Western Contract Management Region in July 1960, and the director of procurement of the Air Force Systems Command in July 1962. In February 1963 he became Deputy Chief of Staff for Procurement and Production for the Air Force Systems Command at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland. His final assignment came in August 1967, as Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Systems and Logistics at U.S. Air Force headquarters at The Pentagon. He retired on 1 August 1969.

## Later life

In retirement, Keeling lived in Los Angeles. He died from stomach cancer on 23 September 2006.

## InfoBox

| Gerald F. Keeling | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1915-10-23)23 October 1915
Lockney, Texas, US |
| Died | 23 September 2006(2006-09-23) (aged 89)
Los Angeles, California, US |
| Place of burial | Pythian Cemetery, Bunkie, Louisiana, US |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch |  |
| Years of service | 1939–1970 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards |  |


title: Frannie Peabody

abstract: Frances W. Peabody, known as Frannie, was an HIV/AIDS activist. Her work as an activist began at the age of 80 when her eldest grandchild was diagnosed with AIDS and continued for 18 years until her death in 2001. She helped establish The AIDS Project, which became Maine's largest AIDS service organization, and co-founded the Peabody House assisted living facility. In 2002, after her death, the two organizations merged, becoming the Frannie Peabody Center.

text:
# Frannie Peabody

**Frances W. Peabody** (April 18, 1903 – June 26, 2001), known as *Frannie*, was an HIV/AIDS activist.

Her work as an activist began at the age of 80 when her eldest grandchild was diagnosed with AIDS and continued for 18 years until her death in 2001. She helped establish The AIDS Project, which became Maine's largest AIDS service organization, and co-founded the Peabody House assisted living facility. In 2002, after her death, the two organizations merged, becoming the Frannie Peabody Center.

HIV/AIDS in the United States


title: Tom Brunansky

abstract: Thomas Andrew Brunansky, nicknamed "Bruno", is a former right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1981 to 1994 for the California Angels, Minnesota Twins, St. Louis Cardinals, Boston Red Sox, and Milwaukee Brewers. In a 14-season career, he batted.245 with 271 home runs and 919 RBIs in 1800 games. Brunansky averaged 24 home runs per 162 games. He finished his career with 1543 hits in 6289 at bats, 69 stolen bases, and 306 doubles.

text:
# Tom Brunansky

**Thomas Andrew Brunansky** (born August 20, 1960), nicknamed "Bruno", is a former right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1981 to 1994 for the California Angels, Minnesota Twins, St. Louis Cardinals, Boston Red Sox, and Milwaukee Brewers.

In a 14-season career, he batted .245 with 271 home runs and 919 RBIs in 1800 games. Brunansky averaged 24 home runs per 162 games. He finished his career with 1543 hits in 6289 at bats, 69 stolen bases, and 306 doubles.

## Professional career

After being drafted in the first round (14th pick) of the 1978 amateur draft by the California Angels' organization after his senior year at West Covina High School in California, Brunansky spent the next four years working his way up the Angels' minor league system before appearing in 11 games in 1981 after making his major league debut on April 19. On May 11, 1982, he was traded by the Angels, along with pitcher Mike Walters, to the Minnesota Twins for pitcher Doug Corbett and infielder Rob Wilfong. The 21-year-old Brunansky was then inserted into the Twins' lineup, where he saw time at all three outfield positions and slugged his way to the first of his eight consecutive seasons in which he hit at least 20 home runs.

Following the 1982 season, Brunansky became a fixture in right field for the Twins, starting there through the 1987 season. In 1982, Brunansky became the only Twin in franchise history to hit a grand slam, inside-the-park home run. He accomplished this in a July 19 home game at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in the third inning off the Brewers' Jerry Augustine. Ironically, all four runs were considered unearned because of two Brewers' fielding errors earlier in the inning. Only 40 major league players have hit a grand slam, inside-the-park home run since 1950.

Brunansky was the Twins' sole All-Star representative in 1985 and was a starter for the World Champion 1987 Minnesota Twins during what was arguably his best overall season (hitting .259, with 32 HR, 85 RBI and 83 Runs). Brunansky helped the Twins upset the Detroit Tigers in the American League Championship Series by hitting .412 with 2 home runs and 9 RBI in the five-game series. He then had a somewhat invisible World Series, only hitting .200 with one RBI. Just months after playing each other in the World Series, the Twins shocked both their fans and Brunansky by trading him on April 22, 1988, to the St. Louis Cardinals for second baseman Tom Herr. Although the move was meant to strengthen the top of the order, Herr spent one lackluster season with the Twins, during which he complained about being in Minnesota, while Brunansky continued his home run hitting ways for six more seasons.

On May 4, 1990, he was traded by the Cardinals to the Red Sox for closer Lee Smith. Brunansky played three seasons for the Red Sox, and is best remembered by Boston fans for his diving catch of an Ozzie Guillén line drive in the ninth inning of the season ending game that preserved the Red Sox victory, sending them to the 1990 ALCS. However, Brunansky hit .083, and the team as a whole hit a pitiful .183, as the Oakland A's swept the Sox in four games (before being swept themselves by the Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 World Series).

At the end of the 1992 season, he became a free agent and signed with the Milwaukee Brewers on January 28, 1993. Brunansky struggled with the Brewers, batting just .183 with six home runs over 80 games that season. He played only 16 games the following season before being traded back to the Red Sox on June 16, 1994, for Dave Valle. He put up decent power numbers in Boston, hitting 10 doubles and 10 home runs in 48 games, but the strike-shortened 1994 season would be his last in the majors.

## Retirement

Following retirement, Brunansky was hired in 2004 as the coach for the Poway High School baseball team in Poway, California. In July 2010 after finishing his sixth season at Poway, Brunansky accepted a job as the hitting coach for the Twins' Rookie League team, the Gulf Coast League Twins. At the end of the season, he was promoted to be the hitting coach for the Twins' AA League team, the New Britain Rock Cats. On November 1, 2011, Brunansky was again promoted to become the hitting coach for the Rochester Red Wings where he would help the team to their best season since 2008, finishing 72-72. On October 22, 2012, Brunansky was promoted to be the Twins' hitting coach. He was fired after the 2016 season.

On May 9, 2012, the Boston Red Sox honored Brunansky for his diving catch that helped the Red Sox clinch the AL East in 1990.

Since 2017, Brunansky has been the hitting coach at the University of Saint Katherine in California.

## InfoBox

| Tom Brunansky | |
| --- | --- |
| Brunansky in 1987 | |
| **Right fielder** | |
| **Born:**  (1960-08-20) August 20, 1960<br>Covina, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 9, 1981, for the California Angels | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 10, 1994, for the Boston Red Sox | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .245 |
| Home runs | 271 |
| Runs batted in | 919 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: One-man band

abstract: A one-man band is a musician who plays a number of instruments simultaneously using their hands, feet, limbs, and various mechanical or electronic contraptions. One-man bands also often sing while they perform. The simplest type of "one-man band" is a singer accompanying themselves on acoustic guitar and playing a harmonica mounted in a metal "harp rack" below the mouth. This approach is often taken by buskers and folk music singer-guitarists. More complicated setups may include wind instruments strapped around the neck, a large bass drum mounted on the musician's back with a beater which is connected to a foot pedal, cymbals strapped between the knees or triggered by a pedal mechanism, tambourines and maracas tied to the limbs, and a stringed instrument strapped over the shoulders. Since the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) in the 1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers, and electronic pedal keyboards into their set-ups. In the 2000s and 2010s, the availability of affordable digital looping pedals has enabled singer-musicians to record a riff or chord progression and then solo or sing over it.

text:
# One-man band

A **one-man band** is a musician who plays a number of instruments simultaneously using their hands, feet, limbs, and various mechanical or electronic contraptions. One-man bands also often sing while they perform.

The simplest type of "one-man band" is a singer accompanying themselves on acoustic guitar and playing a harmonica mounted in a metal "harp rack" below the mouth. This approach is often taken by buskers and folk music singer-guitarists. More complicated setups may include wind instruments strapped around the neck, a large bass drum mounted on the musician's back with a beater which is connected to a foot pedal, cymbals strapped between the knees or triggered by a pedal mechanism, tambourines and maracas tied to the limbs, and a stringed instrument strapped over the shoulders (e.g., a banjo, ukulele or guitar).

Since the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) in the 1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers, and electronic pedal keyboards into their set-ups. In the 2000s and 2010s, the availability of affordable digital looping pedals has enabled singer-musicians to record a riff or chord progression and then solo or sing over it.

## History and meanings

### Live instruments

The earliest known records of multiple musical instruments being played at the same time date from the 13th century, and were the pipe and tabor. The pipe was a simple three-holed flute that could be played with one hand; the tabor is more commonly known today as a snare drum. This type of playing can still be heard in parts of rural France, in England and Spain. An Elizabethan-era woodcut shows a clown playing the pipe and tabor. An 1820s watercolour painting shows a one-man band with a rhythm-making stick, panpipes around his neck and a bass drum and tambourine beside him. Henry Mayhew's history of London street life in the 1840s and 1850s described a blind street performer who played bells, the violin and accordions.

Guitarist Jim Garner played guitar with his hands and triangle with his feet, and Will Blankenship of the Blankenship family of North Carolina played harmonica, autoharp and triangle in shows during the 1930s. In the 1940s, entertainer and clown Benny Dougal used a crude "stump fiddle" (a single string stretched on a stick) with a footpedal-operated pair of cymbals. Blues singers such as "Daddy Stovepipe" (Johnny Watson) would sing, play guitar, and stomp their feet for rhythm, or used a foot pedal to play bass drum or cymbal.

One of the earliest modern exponents of multiple instruments was Jesse Fuller. Fuller developed a foot-operated bass instrument which he called the "footdella", which had six bass strings which were struck by hammers. In "one-man-band" shows, Fuller would use his "footdella", a footpedal-operated "sock" (hi-hat cymbal), a homemade neck harness (for a harmonica, kazoo and microphone), and a 12-string guitar. Fate Norris, of the Skillet Lickers, a hillbilly string band of the 1920s and early 1930s developed a geared mechanical contraption with footpedals that enabled him to play guitar, bells, bass fiddle, fiddle, autoharp and mouth harp.

Joe Barrick, who was born in Oklahoma in 1922, wanted a way of accompanying himself on fiddle, so he built a contraption with a guitar neck on a board with footpedals to operate the notes. Subsequent versions of this "piatar" also had bass guitar and banjo necks and a snare drum which are played by foot-operated hammers. To change notes on the guitar-family instruments, a foot treadle operates a mechanical fretting device. Two notable one-man blues bands active in Memphis in the 1950s were Doctor Ross and Joe Hill Louis, playing guitar, harmonica and bass drum/high-hat.

The simple guitar and harmonica combination (as used by such musicians as Tex Williams, Anton Newcombe, Jimmy Reed, Bob Dylan, Neil Young, and Ray Dorset of Mungo Jerry) is so common now that it is rarely considered to be a one-man band. British-born Don Partridge made the classic one-man band outfit (bass drum on the back, guitar and harmonica) famous in the streets of Europe, and was an early busker to enter the Top Ten of the UK Singles Chart, with his hit singles "Rosie" and "Blue Eyes" in 1968. Modern one-man bands include such performers as Hasil Adkins and Sterling Magee, better known as "Mister Satan," from Satan and Adam.

"The one-man band exists, in all its uniqueness and independence, as a most elusive yet persistent musical tradition. As a category of musicianship it transcends cultural and geographic boundaries, spans stylistic limits, and defies conventional notions of technique and instrumentation. Defined simply as a single musician playing more than one instrument at the same time, it is an ensemble limited only by the mechanical capabilities and imaginative inventiveness of its creator, and despite its generally accepted status as an isolated novelty, it is a phenomenon with some identifiable historical continuity."

### Studio recording

The term "one-man band" is also colloquially used to describe a performer who plays every instrument on a recorded song one at a time, and then mixes them together in a multitrack studio. While this approach to recording is more common in electronica genres such as techno and acid house than R&B and rock music, some R&B and rock performers such as Joe Hill Louis, Stevie Wonder, Prince, Lenny Kravitz, Paul McCartney, Elliott Smith, Kevin Parker, Kabir Suman, Dave Edmunds, John Fogerty, Emitt Rhodes, Todd Rundgren, Pete Townshend, Steve Winwood, Roy Wood, Nik Kershaw, Dave Grohl (*Foo Fighters*), and Les Fradkin have made records in which they play every instrument (one after the other). Mike Oldfield was noted for using this recording technique during the recording of his 1973 album *Tubular Bells*. Other examples of a one-man band in the recording studio are Dave Grohl for the first studio album by the Foo Fighters, Trent Reznor for Nine Inch Nails, jazz piano player Keith Jarrett for his album *No End*, Peter Tägtgren for Pain (musical project), Chris Carrabba for the first two albums released by Dashboard Confessional, Varg Vikernes for Burzum and Billy Corgan for The Smashing Pumpkins since 2009.

Nash the Slash (1948–2014) played all instruments on his recordings. He also played solo concerts from 1975 to 2012, using synchronized drum machines and synthesizers as he plays either an electric violin or electric mandolin. Some artists record and mixed their music in a multitrack studio and synchronize it with video multitrack video playing on all instruments, creating a one-man band illusion.

One-man bands in this context have become more common in extreme metal, especially black metal, where a number of bands apart from Burzum consist of only one member. Such artists include Nargaroth, Xasthur, Falkenbach, Arckanum, Nortt, Horde, and others. While most of these bands do not play live, some such as Nargaroth hire additional musicians for live performances.

"One-woman band" is not used very often in the vernacular, but women have increasingly had a presence as musicians in most forms of music. Edith Crash who creates "dark and haunting, drawn-out melodies".

### Live looping

In the 2000s, as digital looping pedals became widely available, performers have been able to use a mixture of previously recorded music, delay effects, and looping devices in live performances of everything from beatboxing to classical violin. Live looping performers create layered looped accompaniment for musical solos that are sung or played later in the song. Using this technology, a simultaneous combination of various instruments and vocals, or one instrument played in different ways, can be created over the course of one musical piece which rivals the sounds of studio recording. Notable artists who incorporate this technique live include Ed Sheeran, Keller Williams, That 1 Guy, Zach Deputy, and KT Tunstall. Rick Walker is another looper and multi-instrumentalist who has organized looping festivals, including a long-running annual one in Santa Cruz, California, and others in various countries. Live looping can be sung along prerecorded sounds.

## Developments

Since the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) in the 1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers. Some "one-man bands" use organ-style pedal keyboards to perform basslines. A small number of MIDI enthusiasts use custom-made MIDI controllers connected to different parts of their bodies to trigger music on synthesizers. Custom-made MIDI controllers range from wind-operated controllers to small triggers mounted on the arms or feet. At a certain point, the use of body MIDI controllers may come to resemble performance art, because the musical sounds are triggered by the performer assuming certain poses or dancing. One of the pioneers of this performance art is McRorie Live Electronic, who uses drum sensors on his shoes, tom sensors on his chest, separate rhythm and bass keyboards and vocal lead instruments.

## Non-musical meanings

The term is also used in a general sense to refer to a person who runs a small business alone (a sole-proprietorship business), particularly if the operation requires that person to assume multiple different roles, in a manner akin to the way a musical "one-man band" performer plays different instruments and sings at the same time. In some small businesses, the owner also produces the product or service, markets it and delivers it to clients. In TV news, the phrase refers to a reporter who also functions as their own cameraperson via the use of a tripod.

In 2011, professional wrestler Heath Slater climbed to fame with the nickname "The One-Man Rock Band", which was later changed to "The One-Man Southern Rock Band" in reference to his being billed from West Virginia.


title: Olof Persson Stille

abstract: Olof Persson Stille (1610–1684) was a pioneer settler of New Sweden, a colony along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in North America claimed by Sweden from 1638 to 1655. Stille served as the first chief justice of the Upland Court, the governing body of the New Sweden colony following Dutch West India Company annexation from Swedish colonial rule.

text:
# Olof Persson Stille

**Olof Persson Stille** (1610–1684) was a pioneer settler of New Sweden, a colony along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in North America claimed by Sweden from 1638 to 1655. Stille served as the first chief justice of the Upland Court, the governing body of the New Sweden colony following Dutch West India Company annexation from Swedish colonial rule.

## Background

Olof Persson Stille was born in Sweden on the island of SoIö in Roslagen, northeast of Stockholm, the son of Per Stille, supervisor of the Penningby estate in Länna parish, Norrtälje Municipality in Uppland, north of Stockholm. In 1627 when Per Stille retired, he was granted land by the owners of Penningby on a nearby island called Humblö in the Stockholm archipelago. This was where Olof Stille married and began his family.

## New Sweden

In May 1641, the *Charitas* departed for New Sweden. The passengers included Olof Stille, a millwright, with his wife, a daughter, Ella, and son Anders. Also on board were Olof's younger brother Axel Stille and the family of Måns Svensson Lom, whose wife appears to have been Olof's younger sister. His daughter Ella married Hans Månsson in 1654 and became the mother of John Hansson Steelman.

In New Sweden, Olof Stille settled at a place located between present Crum Creek and Ridley Creek. The property of Stille was at the mouth of Ridley Creek, now Eddystone, Pennsylvania. Local Indians became acquainted with Olof Stille. They considered his heavy, black beard unusual conferring the name Tequirassy on him because of it.

Stille became a leader among the settlers and played a key role in promoting the July 1653 list of grievances, which was submitted to Governor Johan Printz, protesting his strict rule. Printz considered this action mutiny and subsequently returned to Sweden. Stille was unapologetic about his role in submitting the list of grievances, and when the new governor, Johan Risingh, raised unresolved questions about the "rebellion," Stille posted bail and demanded to be tried according to the law, though Risingh chose to let the matter drop.

## Upland Court

After the surrender of New Sweden to the Dutch West India Company, Governor Peter Stuyvesant agreed to allow the Swedish colonists living north of the Christina River to govern themselves as the "Swedish Nation." While Governor Risingh and some of his followers returned to Sweden, most of the colonists remained. Stuyvesant agreed that the colonists would be governed by a court with magistrates of their choosing, could exercise freedom of religion, would organize their own militia and choose officers, would be allowed continued trade with Indians and retain their landholdings, in return for pledging their loyalty to New Netherland. On August 4, 1656, the "Swedish Nation" was formally recognized with a ceremony at Ft. Christina and four magistrates of the newly created court were recognized: Olof Stille, along with Mats Hansson, Peter Cock and Peter Gunnarsson Rambo.

Olof Stille served as the chief justice of this Upland Court at Chester in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, until his retirement in 1664. During that time there were many policy clashes as well as demands made by the Dutch on the Swedish colonists. Stille was credited with being an able defender of the Swedes' position. He was called upon to settle disputes among the colonists even after he had officially retired.

## Wolley Stille

Wolley Stille, a house near Chester which was first completed about 1700, was named for Stille, who owned a neighboring property. Wolley Stille is located in Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania The house is now in the National Register of Historic Places. Olof Stille moved to Moyamensing (now south Philadelphia) where he died about 1684.

## Other sources

* Myers, Albert Cook *Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware 1630-1707* (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912)
* Johnson, Amandus *The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware Volume I: Their History and Relation to the Indians, Dutch and English, 1638-1664,* (1911)
* Smith, George (1862). *History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania*. H.B. Ashmead. p. 581.


title: SuperKEKB

abstract: SuperKEKB is a particle collider located at KEK in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. SuperKEKB collides electrons with positrons at the centre-of-momentum energy close to the mass of the Υ(4S) resonance making it a second-generation B-factory for the Belle II experiment. The accelerator is an upgrade to the KEKB accelerator, providing approximately 40 times higher luminosity, due mostly to superconducting quadrupole focusing magnets. The accelerator achieved "first turns" in February 2016. First collisions occurred on 26 April 2018. At 20:34 on 15 June 2020, SuperKEKB achieved the world’s highest instantaneous luminosity for a colliding-beam accelerator, setting a record of 2.22×10⁳⁴ cm−2s−1.

text:
# SuperKEKB

**SuperKEKB** is a particle collider located at KEK (*High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation*) in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. SuperKEKB collides electrons with positrons at the centre-of-momentum energy close to the mass of the Υ(4S) resonance making it a second-generation B-factory for the Belle II experiment. The accelerator is an upgrade to the KEKB accelerator, providing approximately 40 times higher luminosity, due mostly to superconducting quadrupole focusing magnets. The accelerator achieved "first turns" (first circulation of electron and positron beams) in February 2016. First collisions occurred on 26 April 2018. At 20:34 on 15 June 2020, SuperKEKB achieved the world’s highest instantaneous luminosity for a colliding-beam accelerator, setting a record of 2.22×1034 cm−2s−1.

## Description

The SuperKEKB design reuses many components from KEKB. Under normal operation, SuperKEKB collides electrons at 7 GeV with positrons at 4 GeV (compared to KEKB at 8 GeV and 3.5 GeV respectively). The centre-of-momentum energy of the collisions is therefore at the mass of the Υ(4S) resonance (10.58 GeV/c2). The accelerator will also perform short runs at energies of other  resonances, in order to obtain samples of other B mesons and baryons. The asymmetry in the beam energy provides a relativistic Lorentz boost to the B meson particles produced in the collision. The direction of the higher-energy beam determines the 'forward' direction, and that affects the design of much of the Belle II detector.

As with KEKB, SuperKEKB consists of two storage rings: one for the high-energy electron beam (the High Energy Ring, HER) and one for the lower energy positron beam (the Low Energy Ring, LER). The accelerator has a circumference of 3016 m with four straight sections and experimental halls in the centre of each, named "Tsukuba", "Oho", "Fuji", and "Nikko". The Belle II experiment is located at the single interaction point in Tsukuba Hall.

## Luminosity

The target luminosity for SuperKEKB is 6.5×1035 cm−2s−1, this is 30 times larger than the luminosity at KEKB. The improvement is mostly due to a so-called 'nano-beam' scheme, originally proposed for the cancelled SuperB experiment. In the nano-beam scheme at SuperKEKB, the beams are squeezed in the vertical direction and the crossing angle is increased, which reduces the area of the crossing. The luminosity is further increased by a factor of two, due to a higher beam current than KEKB. The focus and crossing angle is achieved by two new superconducting quadrupole magnets at the interaction point that were installed in February 2017.

On June 15, 2020, SuperKEKB set a new world record for the highest instantaneous luminosity for a colliding-beam accelerator: 2.22×1034 cm−2s−1. (On June 21, 2020, SuperKEKB broke its own record and achieved an instantaneous luminosity of 2.40×1034 cm−2s−1.) The previous world record of 2.14×1034 cm−2s−1 was achieved by LHC in 2018.

1. Ohnishi, Yukiyoshi; Abe, Tetsuo; Adachi, Toshikazu; Akai, Kazunori; Arimoto, Yasushi; Ebihara, Kiyokazu; Egawa, Kazumi; Flanagan, John; Fukuma, Hitoshi (1 January 2013). "Accelerator design at SuperKEKB". *Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics*. **2013** (3): 3A011. Bibcode:2013PTEP.2013cA011O. doi:10.1093/ptep/pts083.
2. "SuperKEKB". *www-superkekb.kek.jp*. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
3. "Congratulations to SuperKEKB for "first turns" | CERN". *home.cern*. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
4. "Electrons and Positrons Collide for the first time in the SuperKEKB Accelerator". *kek.jp*. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
5. "SuperKEKB collider achieves the world's highest luminosity". *kek.jp*. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
6. Patrignani, C.; Group, Particle Data (2016). "Review of Particle Physics". *Chinese Physics C*. **40** (10): 100001. Bibcode:2016ChPhC..40j0001P. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001. hdl:10044/1/57200. ISSN 1674-1137. `{{cite journal}}`: `|last2=` has generic name (help)
7. "Belle II Experiment". *belle2.jp*. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
8. "SuperKEKB". *www-superkekb.kek.jp*. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
9. SuperB Collaboration (4 September 2007). "SuperB: A High-Luminosity Asymmetric e+ e- Super Flavor Factory. Conceptual Design Report". arXiv:0709.0451 \[hep-ex\].
10. "Italy cancels €1bn SuperB collider - physicsworld.com". *physicsworld.com*. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
11. "Belle II Experiment on Twitter". *Twitter*. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
12. "KEK reclaims luminosity record". *CERN Courier*. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
13. "SuperKEKB collider achieves the world's highest luminosity". *Interactions*. Retrieved 8 September 2020.


title: Únětice (Plzeň-South District)

abstract: Únětice is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Únětice lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Plzeň and 89 km (55 mi) south-west of Prague.

text:
# Únětice (Plzeň-South District)

**Únětice** is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Únětice lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Plzeň and 89 km (55 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 270 |  |
| 1880 | 260 | −3.7% |
| 1890 | 246 | −5.4% |
| 1900 | 197 | −19.9% |
| 1910 | 217 | +10.2% |
| 1921 | 219 | +0.9% |
| 1930 | 218 | −0.5% |
| 1950 | 168 | −22.9% |
| 1961 | 167 | −0.6% |
| 1970 | 157 | −6.0% |
| 1980 | 145 | −7.6% |
| 1991 | 133 | −8.3% |
| 2001 | 120 | −9.8% |
| 2011 | 141 | +17.5% |
| 2021 | 149 | +5.7% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Únětice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Únětice | |
|  | |
| ÚněticeLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°35′4″N 13°28′12″E / 49.58444°N 13.47000°E / 49.58444; 13.47000 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Plzeň |
| District | Plzeň-South |
| First mentioned | 1358 |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.00 km2 (2.32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 493 m (1,617 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 155 |
| Density | 26/km2 (67/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 336 01 |
| Website | www.obec-unetice.cz |