abstract: This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council, as elected at the 2018 state election. It includes members who were appointed to replace members who left office during this period.

text:
# Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 2018–2022

This is a list of **members of the Victorian Legislative Council**, as elected at the 2018 state election. It includes members who were appointed to replace members who left office during this period.

## Current distribution of seats

## Members

| Name | Party | | Region | Term of office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bruce Atkinson |  | Liberal | Eastern Metropolitan | 1992–present |
| Matthew Bach\[3\] |  | Liberal | Eastern Metropolitan | 2020–present |
| Rod Barton |  | Transport Matters | Eastern Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Melina Bath |  | National | Eastern Victoria | 2015–present |
| Jeff Bourman |  | Shooters, Fishers and Farmers | Eastern Victoria | 2014–present |
| Cathrine Burnett-Wake\[7\] |  | Liberal | Eastern Victoria | 2021–present |
| Georgie Crozier |  | Liberal | Southern Metropolitan | 2010–present |
| Catherine Cumming |  | Justice/Independent\[1\] | Western Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Hon Philip Dalidakis\[2\] |  | Labor | Southern Metropolitan | 2014–2019 |
| David Davis |  | Liberal | Southern Metropolitan | 1996–present |
| Nazih Elasmar |  | Labor | Northern Metropolitan | 2006–present |
| Enver Erdogan\[2\] |  | Labor | Southern Metropolitan | 2019–present |
| Bernie Finn |  | Liberal/Democratic Labour\[10\] | Western Metropolitan | 2006–present |
| Hon Jane Garrett\[11\] |  | Labor | Eastern Victoria | 2018–2022 |
| Mark Gepp |  | Labor | Northern Victoria | 2017–present |
| Stuart Grimley |  | Justice | Western Victoria | 2018–present |
| Clifford Hayes |  | Sustainable Australia | Southern Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Hon Gavin Jennings\[4\] |  | Labor | South Eastern Metropolitan | 1999–2020 |
| Tien Kieu |  | Labor | South Eastern Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Shaun Leane |  | Labor | Eastern Metropolitan | 2006–present |
| David Limbrick\[9\] |  | Liberal Democrats | South Eastern Metropolitan | 2018–2022; 2022–present |
| Wendy Lovell |  | Liberal | Northern Victoria | 2002–present |
| Tania Maxwell |  | Justice | Northern Victoria | 2018–present |
| Bev McArthur |  | Liberal | Western Victoria | 2018–present |
| Tom McIntosh\[11\] |  | Labor | Eastern Victoria | 2022–present |
| Andy Meddick |  | Animal Justice | Western Victoria | 2018–present |
| Cesar Melhem |  | Labor | Western Metropolitan | 2013–present |
| Hon Jenny Mikakos\[6\] |  | Labor | Northern Metropolitan | 1999–2020 |
| Hon Edward O'Donohue\[7\] |  | Liberal | Eastern Victoria | 2006–2021 |
| Craig Ondarchie |  | Liberal | Northern Metropolitan | 2010–present |
| Fiona Patten |  | Reason | Northern Metropolitan | 2014–present |
| Hon Jaala Pulford |  | Labor | Western Victoria | 2006–present |
| Tim Quilty |  | Liberal Democrats | Northern Victoria | 2018–present |
| Samantha Ratnam |  | Greens | Northern Metropolitan | 2017–present |
| Gordon Rich-Phillips |  | Liberal | South Eastern Metropolitan | 1999–present |
| Harriet Shing |  | Labor | Eastern Victoria | 2014–present |
| Adem Somyurek |  | Labor/Independent\[5\] | South Eastern Metropolitan | 2002–present |
| Ingrid Stitt |  | Labor | Western Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Jaclyn Symes |  | Labor | Northern Victoria | 2014–present |
| Lee Tarlamis |  | Labor | South Eastern Metropolitan | 2010–2014; 2020–present |
| Nina Taylor |  | Labor | Southern Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Sonja Terpstra |  | Labor | Eastern Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Hon Gayle Tierney |  | Labor | Western Victoria | 2006–present |
| Kaushaliya Vaghela |  | Labor/Independent\[8\] | Western Metropolitan | 2018–present |
| Sheena Watt\[6\] |  | Labor | Northern Metropolitan | 2020–present |
| Mary Wooldridge\[3\] |  | Liberal | Eastern Metropolitan | 2014–2019 |
|

**1**  Justice MLC Catherine Cumming resigned from the party on 18 December 2018, before being sworn in, and served as an independent member. **2**  Labor MLC Philip Dalidakis resigned on 17 June 2019. He was replaced by Enver Erdogan on 15 August 2019. **3**  Liberal MLC Mary Wooldridge resigned on 8 December 2019. She was replaced by Matthew Bach on 5 March 2020. **4**  Labor MLC Gavin Jennings resigned on 23 March 2020. He was replaced by Lee Tarlamis on 23 April 2020. **5**  Labor MLC Adem Somyurek left the Labor Party to sit as an independent member on 15 June 2020. **6**  Labor MLC Jenny Mikakos resigned on 26 September 2020. She was replaced by Sheena Watt on 13 October 2020. **7**  Liberal MLC Edward O'Donohue resigned on 1 December 2021. He was replaced by Cathrine Burnett-Wake on 2 December 2021. **8**  Labor MLC Kaushaliya Vaghela left the Labor Party to sit as an independent member on 7 March 2022. **9**  Liberal Democrats MLC David Limbrick resigned on 11 April 2022. He returned to the seat on 22 June 2022. **10**  Liberal MLC Bernie Finn was expelled from the Liberal Party on 24 May 2022 for "a series of inflammatory social media posts". He later joined the Democratic Labour Party on 2 June 2022. **11**  Labor MLC Jane Garrett died on 2 July 2022. She was replaced by Tom McIntosh on 17 August 2022.


title: Tommy Ward (cricketer)

abstract: Thomas Alfred Ward was a South African cricketer who played in 23 Test matches between 1912 and 1924. A wicket-keeper and useful batsman, Ward made his Test debut on 27 May 1912, the opening Test of the 1912 Triangular Tournament, between South Africa and Australia at Old Trafford. Ward found himself facing the hat-trick ball of Australian bowler Jimmy Matthews. Matthews had just got the wickets of Rolland Beaumont (31) and Sid Pegler. Facing his first ball in Test cricket, Ward was hit on the pads and was given out LBW, earning himself a golden duck on debut and giving Matthews his hat-trick. South Africa fell well short of the Australians' first innings total and were forced to follow on. In South Africa's second innings, Matthews again got two wickets in two balls, Herbie Taylor (21) and Reginald Schwarz, caught and bowled for 0. Ward for the second time in his debut match found himself walking to the crease to face Matthews on a hat-trick. Matthews got Ward out caught and bowled giving Ward his second golden duck for the match and Matthews his second hat-trick. This is the only time in Test cricket history when two hat-tricks have been taken in the one match. Ward died in 1936 as a result of accidental electrocution while working at a gold mine in Transvaal.

text:
# Tommy Ward (cricketer)

**Thomas Alfred Ward** (2 August 1887 – 16 February 1936) was a South African cricketer who played in 23 Test matches between 1912 and 1924.

A wicket-keeper and useful batsman, Ward made his Test debut on 27 May 1912, the opening Test of the 1912 Triangular Tournament, between South Africa and Australia at Old Trafford. Ward found himself facing the hat-trick ball of Australian bowler Jimmy Matthews. Matthews had just got the wickets of Rolland Beaumont (31) and Sid Pegler (LBW for 0). Facing his first ball in Test cricket, Ward was hit on the pads and was given out LBW, earning himself a golden duck on debut and giving Matthews his hat-trick.

South Africa fell well short of the Australians' first innings total and were forced to follow on. In South Africa's second innings, Matthews again got two wickets in two balls, Herbie Taylor (21) and Reginald Schwarz, caught and bowled for 0. Ward for the second time in his debut match found himself walking to the crease to face Matthews on a hat-trick. Matthews got Ward out caught and bowled giving Ward his second golden duck for the match (a king pair) and Matthews his second hat-trick. This is the only time in Test cricket history when two hat-tricks have been taken in the one match.

Ward died in 1936 as a result of accidental electrocution while working at a gold mine in Transvaal.

## InfoBox

Tommy Ward
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Thomas Alfred Ward |
| Born | (1887-08-02)2 August 1887
Rawalpindi, Punjab, British India |
| Died | 16 February 1936(1936-02-16) (aged 48)
East Springs, Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Wicketkeeper |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Test debut | 27 May 1912 v Australia |
| Last Test | 16 August 1924 v England |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test First-class  Matches 23 92  Runs scored 459 1,635  Batting average 13.90 15.42  100s/50s 0/2 0/6  Top score 64 75  Balls bowled  12  Wickets    Bowling average    5 wickets in innings    10 wickets in match    Best bowling    Catches/stumpings 19/13 107/68 | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 27 December 2019 | |


title: Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line

abstract: Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line The Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line (東京臨海地下鉄線) is the tentative name for a planned underground heavy rail line which will run north-south between Tokyo Station and the Ariake district along Tokyo Bay. As of 25 November 2022, the projected completion date is in the 2040s.

text:
# Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line

The **Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line** (東京臨海地下鉄線) is the tentative name for a planned underground heavy rail line which will run north-south between Tokyo Station and the Ariake district along Tokyo Bay. As of 25 November 2022, the projected completion date is in the 2040s.

## Background

Plans to construct a new subway line connecting Tokyo Station to the Tokyo Bay area had been in discussion since 2015 as Tokyo was undergoing preparations to host the 2020 Summer Olympics. However, on 25 November 2022, Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike revealed concrete plans to construct the subway line. The line will be around 6.1 km (3.8 mi) long and will feature 7 stations. Overall, the cost is expected to be ¥420−510 billion and is projected to open in the 2040s. There are plans to run through services with the Rinkai Line and the Tsukuba Express along with a possible integration with the JR Haneda Airport Access Line. There are also plans to have a spur connection to the Toyozumi Line at Toyosu Station. The rationale for building the line is due to the development of Tokyo Bay and the integration of leftover facilities from the 2020 Summer Olympics such as the athlete's village (which have since been remarketed as condominiums) and competitor venues. In addition, the island on which the former athlete's village is located, Harumi, remains without a railway connection.

Construction is projected to begin in the 2030s. As of November 2022, the company in charge of construction has not been decided.

### JR East

Upon completion of the line, JR East plans to build a connection from the Haneda Airport Access Line to the Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line.

### Rinkai Line

A connection to the Rinkai Line from the southern terminus at Ariake is also being considered.

### Toyozumi Line

There are also plans for a spur branching off from Kachidoki to link up to the future Toyozumi Line (Yurakucho Line branch) platforms at Toyosu Station.

### Tsukuba Express

A northern extension of the Rinkai Subway Line to connect to the Tsukuba Express at Akihabara Station was also discussed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

## Stations

All station names are provisional.

| Station | Japanese | Transfers | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tokyo | 東京 |  | Chiyoda |
| Shin-Ginza | 新銀座 |  | Chūō |
| Shin Tsukiji | 新築地 |  | |
| Kachidoki | 勝どき | E Toei Ōedo Line (E-12) | |
| Harumi | 晴海 |  | |
| Toyosu Market | 豊洲市場 |  | Kōtō |
| Ariake / Tokyo Big Sight | 有明・東京ビッグサイト | Yurikamome | |

## InfoBox

| Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Native name | 東京臨海地下鉄線 |
| Status | Proposed |
| Locale | Tokyo Prefecture |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 7 |
| Service | |
| Type | Heavy rail |
| History | |
| Planned opening | 2040s (tentative) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 6.1 km (3.8 mi) |
| Number of tracks | 2 |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |
| Electrification | 1,500 V DC, overhead lines |


title: Melocactus estevesii

abstract: Melocactus estevesii is a species of Melocactus found in Brazil.

text:
# Melocactus estevesii

***Melocactus estevesii*** is a species of *Melocactus* found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Melocactus estevesii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Melocactus* |
| Species: | ***M. estevesii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melocactus estevesii***
P.J.Braun | |
|


title: Melocactus braunii

abstract: Melocactus braunii is a species of Melocactus found in Brazil.

text:
# Melocactus braunii

***Melocactus braunii*** is a species of *Melocactus* found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Melocactus braunii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Melocactus* |
| Species: | ***M. braunii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melocactus braunii***
Esteves | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Melocactus conoideus subsp. braunii* (Esteves) Guiggi 2004 | |


abstract: Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council who served from 1910 to 1913 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the election on 14 October 1910 and the election on 6 December 1913. The President was Sir Francis Suttor.

text:
# Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1910–1913

**Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council** who served from 1910 to 1913 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the election on 14 October 1910 and the election on 6 December 1913. The President was Sir Francis Suttor.

| Name | Party | | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| James Ashton |  | Liberal Reform | 1907–1934 |
| Joseph Beeston | | | 1908–1921 |
| Reginald Black | | | 1900–1928 |
| Alexander Brown | | | 1892–1926 |
| Joseph Browne |  | Independent | 1912–1932 |
| Frank Bryant |  | Labor | 1912–1934 |
| James Burns |  | Liberal Reform | 1908–1923 |
| Nicholas Buzacott |  | Labor | 1899–1933 |
| Sir Joseph Carruthers |  | Liberal Reform | 1908–1932 |
| John Creed | | | 1885–1930 |
| Henry Dangar | | | 1883–1917 |
| William Dick | | | 1907–1932 |
| Henry Doyle |  | Independent | 1912–1929 |
| George Earp |  | Liberal Reform | 1900–1933 |
| John Farleigh | | | 1908–1934 |
| Ernest Farrar |  | Labor | 1912–1952 |
| Robert Fitzgerald |  | Liberal Reform | 1901–1933 |
| Fred Flowers |  | Labor | 1900–1928 |
| Edmund Fosbery |  | Liberal Reform | 1904–1919 |
| James Gannon | | | 1904–1924 |
| John Garland | | | 1908–1921 |
| James Gormly | | | 1904–1922 |
| George Greene | | | 1899–1911 |
| Henry Gullett | | | 1908–1914 |
| David Hall |  | Labor | 1912–1913 |
| John Hepher | | | 1899–1932 |
| Louis Heydon |  | Liberal Reform | 1889–1918 |
| William Hill | | | 1900–1919 |
| William Holborow | | | 1899–1917 |
| Thomas Holden |  | Independent Labor | 1912–1934 |
| John Hughes |  | Liberal Reform | 1895–1912 |
| Thomas Hughes | | | 1908–1930 |
| William Hurley | | | 1904–1924 |
| Henry Kater |  | Independent | 1889–1924 |
| Edward Kavanagh |  | Labor | 1912–1934 |
| Alexander Kethel |  | Liberal Reform | 1895–1916 |
| George Lee | | | 1882–1912 |
| John Macintosh |  | Independent | 1882–1911 |
| Kenneth Mackay |  | Liberal Reform | 1899–1934 |
| Charles Mackellar | | | 1885–1903, 1903–1925 |
| Sir Normand MacLaurin |  | Independent | 1889–1914 |
| Sir Samuel McCaughey | | | 1899–1919 |
| James McInerney |  | Labor | 1912 |
| John Meagher |  | Independent | 1900–1920 |
| Alfred Meeks |  | Liberal Reform | 1900–1932 |
| Henry Moses | | | 1885–1923 |
| John Nash | | | 1900–1925 |
| Broughton O'Conor | | | 1908–1940 |
| Charles Pilcher | | | 1891–1916 |
| Charles Roberts | | | 1890–1925 |
| William Robson | | | 1900–1920 |
| Alexander Ross | | | 1900–1912 |
| Andrew Sinclair |  | Independent Labor | 1912–1934 |
| Fergus Smith |  | Liberal Reform | 1895–1924 |
| Joynton Smith |  | Independent | 1912–1934 |
| Henry Stuart |  | Labor | 1900–1910 |
| Sir Francis Suttor |  | Independent | 1889–1891, 1900–1915 |
| Sir Allen Taylor |  | Liberal Reform | 1912–1940 |
| John Travers |  | Labor | 1908–1934 |
| William Trickett |  | Liberal Reform | 1888–1916 |
| John Wetherspoon | | | 1908–1928 |
| James White | | | 1908–1927 |
| James Wilson |  | Labor | 1899–1925 |
| Frederick Winchcombe |  | Liberal Reform | 1907–1917 |

1. "Part 3 Members of the Legislative Council" (PDF). *NSW Parliamentary Record*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
2. "Appointments to the Legislative Council (44)". *Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales*. 30 March 1912. p. 2093. Retrieved 15 August 2021  via Trove.
3. "Appointment of David Robert Hall to the Legislative Council (46)". *Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales*. 2 April 1912. p. 2127. Retrieved 15 August 2021  via Trove.
4. "Appointment of Sir Allen Taylor to the Legislative Council (60)". *Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales*. 25 April 1912. p. 2609. Retrieved 15 August 2021  via Trove.
5. "Part 10 Officers of the Parliament" (PDF). *NSW Parliamentary Record*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
6. "The Labor conference". *Singleton Argus*. 30 January 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 14 August 2021  via Trove.
7. "Mr. Travers' reply". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 19 January 1926. p. 11. Retrieved 14 August 2021  via Trove.
8. "Mr F. H. Bryant, M.L.C." *The Australian Worker*. 1 September 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 8 August 2021  via Trove.


title: Tomorrow (time)

abstract: Tomorrow is a temporal construct of the relative future; literally of the day after the current day (today), or figuratively of future periods or times. Tomorrow is usually considered just beyond the present and counter to yesterday. It is important in time perception because it is the first direction the arrow of time takes humans on Earth.

text:
# Tomorrow (time)

**Tomorrow**  is a temporal construct of the relative future; literally of the day after the current day (today), or figuratively of future periods or times. Tomorrow is usually considered just beyond the present and counter to yesterday. It is important in time perception because it is the first direction the arrow of time takes humans on Earth.

## Philosophy

The use of terms such as tomorrow, now and future are part an a-series view which is part of the presentism philosophy of time.

## Learning and language

For a young child, "tomorrow" is "an undefined, infinite time of the idea that time is just an infinite and arbitrary definition of an yet unidentified of what we like to call time, yet the child slowly learns the meaning of tomorrow." The concept of "tomorrow" is rarely understood by 3-year-old children, but 4-year-olds understand the idea.

## InfoBox

Tomorrow
| The date | |
| --- | --- |
| Tomorrow will be between Tuesday, 08 October 2024 and Wednesday, 09 October 2024, subject to local time zone. | |
|  | |


title: Tom Heydinger

abstract: Tom Heydinger was a former judge and Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives who represented the 58th District briefly in 2008.

text:
# Tom Heydinger

**Tom Heydinger** (August 24, 1940 – July 10, 2012) was a former judge and Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives who represented the 58th District briefly in 2008.

## Life and career

A native of Plymouth, Ohio, Heydinger served in the Vietnam War, where he flew helicopters for the United States Army. He also worked as a lawyer in the Judge Advocate General's Corps.

A former judge, Heydinger served on the bench in Crawford County, Ohio, and as an assistant to the Ohio Attorney General. He also worked as a prosecutor for Huron County, Ohio. In 1975, Heydinger was appointed by Ohio Governor John Gilligan to the Huron County Common Pleas Court, Probate Division, a controversial decision at the time because of the issue of whether he had actually practiced law the requisite number of years to qualify for judicial office. However, a writ of quo warranto (pursuant to the Ohio Revised Code) was never filed, and the Ohio Supreme Court never ruled on the matter. Heydinger served as probate judge from 1975 until 2003.

## Ohio House of Representatives

In early 2008, freshman representative Matt Barrett ran into ethics trouble after mistakenly showing pornographic content to high school students during a presentation. He subsequently resigned, leaving House Democrats to appoint a replacement to the seat. While numerous candidates applied for the position, Heydinger was chosen. He was sworn into office on May 21, 2008.

Initially, Heydinger sought to retain the seat in the 2008 election. However, Heydinger dropped out of the race, citing mounting health problems and influences from within the Ohio Democratic Party. The seat was won by Republican Terry Boose.

## InfoBox

| Tom Heydinger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Ohio House of Representatives
from the 58th district | |
| **In office**
May 21, 2008-December 31, 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Matt Barrett |
| Succeeded by | Terry Boose |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-04-30) April 30, 1940
Norwalk, Ohio |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence | Norwalk, Ohio |
| Alma mater | Pontifical College Josephinum
University of Dayton
Ohio Northern Law School |
| Profession | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Melvin Jones (American football)

abstract: Melvin Earl Jones is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Houston and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1980 NFL draft. After getting phlebitis at the 1980 training camp, he was the injured reserve list for that season. He played during the 1981 season, but was cut from the 1982 team.

text:
# Melvin Jones (American football)

**Melvin Earl Jones** (born September 27, 1956) is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins.

He played college football at the University of Houston and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1980 NFL draft. After getting phlebitis at the 1980 training camp, he was the injured reserve list for that season. He played during the 1981 season, but was cut from the 1982 team.

## InfoBox

Melvin Jones
| No. 61 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1954-02-27) February 27, 1954<br>Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 260 lb (118 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Klein (Klein, Texas) |
| College: | Houston |
| NFL draft: | 1980 / round: 7 / pick: 187 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 11  Games started: 10  Fumble recoveries: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Zelkova × verschaffeltii

abstract: Zelkova × verschaffeltii (Dippel) G.Nicholson is a zelkova cultivar of hybrid origin. It was originally described in 1892 by Leopold Dippel from a cultivated plant as Zelkova japonica var. verschaffeltii, suggesting an eastern Asian origin. In 1896, George Nicholson raised it to species rank as Zelkova verschaffeltii, while its much closer similarity to Zelkova carpinifolia led Augustine Henry to suggest it might be a hybrid between Zelkova carpinifolia and Zelkova abelicea. More recent authors most widely regarded it as a cultivar, either not ascribed to any Zelkova species in particular, or placed under Z. carpinifolia with no suggestion of hybrid origin. Analysis of flavonoids has subsequently suggested that it is a hybrid between Zelkova carpinifolia and Zelkova serrata : "The chromatographic evidence would suggest that Z. X verschaffeltii is a hybrid between Z. carpinifolia and Z. serrata. Z. serrata was first introduced into England in 1861, and Z. verschaffeltii has been cultivated since 1886. It may well have been that some of the Z. serrata trees reached sexual maturity before 1886 and crossed with Z. carpinifolia already in cultivation. The fact that Z. X verschaffeltii is really a clone would indicate that such a cross might be a rare event, and our experience would tend to substantiate this hypothesis."

text:
# Zelkova × verschaffeltii

***Zelkova* × *verschaffeltii*** (Dippel) G.Nicholson (**cut-leaf zelkova**) is a zelkova cultivar of hybrid origin. It was originally described in 1892 by Leopold Dippel from a cultivated plant as *Zelkova japonica* var. *verschaffeltii*, suggesting an eastern Asian origin. In 1896, George Nicholson raised it to species rank as *Zelkova verschaffeltii*, while its much closer similarity to *Zelkova carpinifolia* led Augustine Henry to suggest it might be a hybrid between *Zelkova carpinifolia* and *Zelkova abelicea*. More recent authors most widely regarded it as a cultivar, either not ascribed to any *Zelkova* species in particular, or placed under *Z. carpinifolia* with no suggestion of hybrid origin. Analysis of flavonoids has subsequently suggested that it is a hybrid between *Zelkova carpinifolia* and *Zelkova serrata* : "The chromatographic evidence would suggest that *Z. X verschaffeltii* is a hybrid between *Z. carpinifolia* and *Z. serrata*. *Z. serrata* was first introduced into England in 1861, and *Z. verschaffeltii* has been cultivated since 1886. It may well have been that some of the *Z. serrata* trees reached sexual maturity before 1886 and crossed with *Z. carpinifolia* already in cultivation. The fact that *Z. X verschaffeltii* is really a clone would indicate that such a cross might be a rare event, and our experience would tend to substantiate this hypothesis."

## Name in error

The tree was originally misidentified as an elm. The putative cultivar ***Ulmus*** '**Pitteurs Pendula'** was listed by C. de Vos in *Handboek* Supplement 16, 1890, as *Ulmus pitteursii pendula*. However, Hans M. Heybroek, erstwhile head of the Dutch elm breeding programme at the de Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry and Landscape Planning at Wageningen, identified the tree as *Zelkova × verschaffeltii*.

## Description

A large shrub or small, bushy-crowned tree \< 15 m tall, with mottled grey and brown bark and graceful habit. The leaves are narrow, 3.5–8 cm long and 1.3–6.6 cm broad, deeply incised with between five and ten pairs of triangular teeth. The fruit is rarely produced, a small two-lobed dry nut-like drupe 4–5 mm diameter.

## Cultivation

First found in cultivation in the van Houtte nursery at Ghent in Belgium before 1885.

## Etymology

The tree is named for the Belgian botanist Ambroise Verschaffelt who owned the Verschaffelt Nursery in Ghent, later acquired by Jean Jules Linden, the renowned horticulturist and camellia specialist.

## Accessions

### Europe

### North America

## Synonymy

## InfoBox

| *Zelkova* × *verschaffeltii* | |
| --- | --- |
| Hybrid parentage | *Z. carpinifolia* × *Z. serrata* |
| Origin | Unknown |


title: Epicauta caviceps

abstract: Epicauta caviceps is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Epicauta caviceps

***Epicauta caviceps*** is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

* Pinto, John D. (1991). "The Taxonomy of North American Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae), with a Revision of the Nominate Subgenus and a Survey of Courtship Behavior". *University of California Publications in Entomology*, vol. 110, x + 372.

## Further reading

* Arnett, R. H. Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley and J. H. Frank. (eds.). (21 June 2002). *American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea*. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida ISBN 978-0-8493-0954-0.
* Ross H. Arnett (30 July 2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0212-1.
* Richard E. White. (1983). *Peterson Field Guides: Beetles*. Houghton Mifflin Company.

## InfoBox

| *Epicauta caviceps* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Genus: | *Epicauta* |
| Species: | ***E. caviceps*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epicauta caviceps***<br>Horn, 1873 | |
|


title: Football in North Macedonia

text:
# Football in North Macedonia

Football is the most popular sport in North Macedonia. The country became a member of FIFA in 1994.

The national team has made a few remarkable results in qualifiers for the European Championship as well as the World Cup.

## Format

The governing body of football in North Macedonia is the Football Federation of North Macedonia. It oversees the organization of:

Note: the aforementioned competitions are for men if not stated differently. Women's football exists but is much less developed or popular.

## Teams

By far the most popular clubs in the country are Vardar (Skopje), Rabotnichki (Skopje), Shkëndija (Tetovo), Pelister (Bitola) and Pobeda (Prilep).

## History

The beginnings of football in North Macedonia date back to the early 20th century in the then Ottoman Empire, with the first recorded match taking place in Skopje in April 1909. At that place was erected a monument in the form of soccer ball weighing about 250 pounds, because it was the first official soccer match played on the territory of North Macedonia. The monument was erected here in 1979.

After the First World War, the region had become part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). A match was played in Skopje on April 20, 1919. It was the selection of the English army composed of the best players among the recruits, against Napredok of Skopje, Napredok would win the match by the score of 2-0. Since 1920, the clubs from the current territory of the Republic of North Macedonia had competed in the Yugoslav league system. First they were part of the Belgrade Football Subassociation (1920–1927), and later, in 1927, a separate Skoplje Football Subassociation was formed. The creation of the later made it considerably easier for Macedonian clubs to access Yugoslav First League since the Subassocion leagues functioned as qualifying leagues for the Yugoslav national championship and they avoided the clubs from Belgrade. Gragjanski Skopje became usual participant during the late 1930s in the Yugoslav top tier. By the late 1930s and early 1940s the league system was changed, and Macedonian clubs competed within the Serbian league.

In 1941, as a result of the Second World War, most of Vardar Macedonia was administered by the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The football clubs and leagues were restructured and incorporated into the Bulgarian league system. From 1941 until 1944, the strongest clubs from the region competed in the Bulgarian Championship. During that time, the selection of Macedonian clubs played against the selection of the German army, and played matches against Bulgaria. During this period, several players from Vardar Macedonia represented the Bulgaria national team.

In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, the region was reincorporated into Yugoslavia, and SR Macedonia was established as one of the 6 constituent socialist republics of SFR Yugoslavia. The best Macedonian clubs usually competed in the Federal leagues, First and Second Yugoslav leagues, while the Macedonian Republic League was formed to serve as qualifying league for the federal ones. In 1945, after the Second World War, a section of the Association of Sports in Skopje with Gustav Vlahov as president, was created. On 14 August 1949, the Macedonian Football Association was formed and was part of the Football Association of Yugoslavia until 1991, when North Macedonia declared independence. The first president of the Football Federation of Macedonia was Ljubisav Ivanov - Dzingo.

In 1991, North Macedonia became an independent sovereign nation as the Republic of Macedonia which would change to the Republic of North Macedonia in 2019. Macedonian clubs abandoned the Yugoslav football league system and created their own league system. The first championship in North Macedonia was organized in the season 1992/93, in which 18 teams participated. Vardar from Skopje was the first champion without a lost match. They would also win the first ever Macedonian Cup. In 1994, North Macedonia became a member of FIFA and UEFA after the break-up of SFR Yugoslavia. In 1995, for the first time Macedonian clubs participated in European Cup matches. As champions, FK Vardar played in the UEFA Cup against Hungarian side Békéscsaba and lost 1–2 on aggregate. FK Sileks played in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, eliminating Vác Samsung in the first qualifying round before losing to Borussia Mönchengladbach in the next round.

The national team began its football journey with a 4–1 win against Slovenia in a friendly on 13 October 1993 under coach Andon Dončevski. They went on to win their next two friendlies against Slovenia and Estonia before suffering their first loss against Turkey on 31 August 1994 (before this they lost to Club Atlético Peñarol 0–4 in Montevideo in February 1994). The inaugural North Macedonia side featured Darko Pančev, who won the European Champions League with Red Star Belgrade in 1991 and also played for Internazionale in Italy. The Euro 96 Qualifiers was the first major qualifying tournament that North Macedonia participated in as an independent nation and they were grouped with Spain, Denmark, Belgium, Cyprus, and Armenia. In their opening game, which was also their first ever official match, North Macedonia was drawn against the reigning European Champions Denmark. The game was played at the City Stadium in Skopje on 7 September 1994 and it finished 1–1 (the first goal was scored by Mitko Stojkovski) with North Macedonia leading for most of the game after scoring in the fourth minute. Since then, North Macedonia has been participating in all FIFA and UEFA sanctioned qualifying tournaments.

In 2016, the national U-21 team qualified for the final tournament of 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship after finishing first in qualification group 3 behind France, Iceland, Ukraine, Scotland and Northern Ireland. That was the first time that the any national football team of North Macedonia qualified for a major tournament. In 2017, North Macedonia's capital Skopje hosted the 2017 UEFA Super Cup between Real Madrid and Manchester United. Also, in that year, Vardar advanced to the group stage of the UEFA Europa League, after winning over two matches against Turkish giants Fenerbahçe in the play-off round, marking the first time that any Macedonian club qualified for the group stage of any European competition.

## League system

As of the 2023/24 season. Leagues that have not been held in successive seasons have been marked as *inactive*.

1 Teams from Kratovo and Kriva Palanka usually get grouped together.

## InfoBox

| Football in North Macedonia | |
| --- | --- |
| The Toše Proeski Arena in Skopje is the home of the North Macedonia national football team | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Governing body | Football Federation of North Macedonia |
| National team(s) | North Macedonia |
| First played | 1909 (1909) |
| National competitions | |
|  | |
| Club competitions | |
| List | |
| International competitions | |
|  | |


title: Palazzo Cavalli alle Porte Contarine

abstract: The Palazzo Cavalli alle Porte Contarine, also called the Palazzo Cavalli agli Eremitani is a Renaissance-style palace located at the intersection of Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi and Via Giacomo Matteotti in Padua, region of Veneto, Italy. In 2019, it is owned by the University of Padua and houses the university's collections of geology and paleontology in the Museo della Natura e dell’Uomo.

text:
# Palazzo Cavalli alle Porte Contarine

The **Palazzo Cavalli alle Porte Contarine**, also called the **Palazzo Cavalli agli Eremitani** is a Renaissance-style palace located at the intersection of Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi and Via Giacomo Matteotti in Padua, region of Veneto, Italy. In 2019, it is owned by the University of Padua and houses the university's collections of geology and paleontology in the *Museo della Natura e dell’Uomo* (Museum of nature and Humankind).

## History

Located away from the city center, the palace was constructed in the 1560s, commissioned by Marino Cavalli the elder, a Venetian ambassador.

Notable in the palace's history was that in 1585, it was the site of the infamous murder of Vittoria Accoramboni, the widow of the Duke of Bracciano. The intrigues in her life became the basis for the Jacobean play by John Webster titled *The White Devil* (1612).

The palace was extensively refurbished in at the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries on the initiative of Federico Cavalli and his wife Elisabetta Duodo. At the end of the eighteenth century the property passed to the son of the last representative of the family, Giacomo Bollani, whose heirs sold it to the state, who used it as a customs office. In 1892, it was used to house the University of Padua's *Application School for Engineers* and from 1932 the collections and the *Institute of Geology*, today the Department of Geosciences were moved here.

The interiors have elegant fresco decoration. The ground floor frescoes, depicting the mythologic, historic, and biblical episodes are attributed to Michele Primon. There are scenes of a deer hunt in the *Sala della Caccia*. The staircase has frescoes depicting the ascent of the arts to Apollo, painted by Antonio Felice Ferrari and Giacomo Parolini. The main salon in the piano nobile was decorated by Louis Dorigny. The original ceiling fresco was repainted in the late 19th century with a fresco depicting the *Triumph of Science and Technology*.

## Note

1. Museum announcement by the University of Padua.
2. Tourism of Padua, website.
3. Chiara, Marin (May 2019). "La storia del palazzo". mostre.cab.unipd.it. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
4. Guida per la città di Padova all'amico delle belle arti by Giovanni Antonio Moschini, page 173-174.
5. Mainly derived from Italian Wikipedia entry.

45°24′45″N 11°52′42″E / 45.41238°N 11.87833°E / 45.41238; 11.87833


title: Miguel Mancera

abstract: Miguel Mancera Aguayo is a Mexican economist. He served as general director of the Bank of Mexico from 1982 until 1998. Mancera Aguayo was born in Mexico City, and is the son of Rafael Mancera Ortiz and María Luisa Aguayo Cendejas. He received a bachelor's degree in economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) and a master's degree in economics from Yale University. Before joining the public sector, Mancera worked at the Bank of Commerce and taught several courses at the Escuela Libre de Derecho. He was also a member of the faculty of the ITAM and the Latin American Center of Monetary Studies. He joined the Mexican central bank (Banxico) in 1957 and 25 years later was appointed general director by President Miguel de la Madrid. During the 1980s, he faced one of the toughest economic crises in the history of Mexico and in the early 1990s he launched a new national currency, the Mexican Nuevo Peso. Mancera is married to Sonia Corcuera Corcuera. He received the Order of Rio Branco and he is an officer of the French Légion d'honneur (1990).

text:
# Miguel Mancera

**Miguel Mancera Aguayo** (born December 18, 1932) is a Mexican economist. He served as general director of the Bank of Mexico from 1982 until 1998.

Mancera Aguayo was born in Mexico City, and is the son of Rafael Mancera Ortiz and María Luisa Aguayo Cendejas. He received a bachelor's degree in economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) and a master's degree in economics from Yale University.

Before joining the public sector, Mancera worked at the Bank of Commerce (nowadays *BBVA Bancomer*, 1953  1955) and taught several courses at the *Escuela Libre de Derecho* (1956  1957). He was also a member of the faculty of the ITAM (1958  1965) and the Latin American Center of Monetary Studies (CEMLA, 1962  1964).

He joined the Mexican central bank (Banxico) in 1957 and 25 years later was appointed general director by President Miguel de la Madrid. During the 1980s, he faced one of the toughest economic crises in the history of Mexico and in the early 1990s he launched a new national currency, the Mexican *Nuevo Peso*.

Mancera is married to Sonia Corcuera Corcuera. He received the Order of Rio Branco (Brazil, 1983) and he is an officer of the French *Légion d'honneur* (1990).


title: Goodenia benthamiana

abstract: Goodenia benthamiana, commonly known as small-leaf goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an aromatic undershrub with stem-clasping, egg-shaped to elliptic leaves with toothed edges, and yellow flowers arranged singly or in groups of up to three in leaf axils, with leaf-like bracteoles at the base.

text:
# Goodenia benthamiana

***Goodenia benthamiana***, commonly known as **small-leaf goodenia**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an aromatic undershrub with stem-clasping, egg-shaped to elliptic leaves with toothed edges, and yellow flowers arranged singly or in groups of up to three in leaf axils, with leaf-like bracteoles at the base.

## Description

*Goodenia benthamiana* is an erect, aromatic undershrub that typically grows to a height of 40 cm (16 in). The leaves are sessile, stem clasping, 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long and 4–20 mm (0.16–0.79 in) wide with toothed edges. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to three in leaf axils on a peduncle 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long, the individual flowers on a pedicel 0.5–3 mm (0.020–0.118 in) long. There are egg-shaped to lance-shaped bracteoles 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long at the base of the flowers. The sepals are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long and the petals are yellow and 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are about 4 mm (0.16 in) long with wings about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) wide. Flowering mainly occurs from September to January and the fruit is an oval capsule about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Small-leaf goodenia was first formally described in 1868 by George Bentham as *Goodenia amplexans* var. *parvifolia* in *Flora Australiensis* from specimens collected by John Dallachy on Mount Arapiles. In 1992, Roger Charles Carolin raised the variety to species status as *G. benthamiana* in *Flora of Australia*. The specific epithet (*benthamiana*) honours George Bentham.

## Distribution and habitat

*Goodenia benthamiana* grows in forest, woodland and mallee scrubland in scattered areas of western Victoria and on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.

## InfoBox

| Small-leaf goodenia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Goodenia benthamiana* in Greater Bendigo National Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Goodeniaceae |
| Genus: | *Goodenia* |
| Species: | ***G. benthamiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Goodenia benthamiana***<br>Carolin | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Goodenia amplexans* var. *parvifolia* Benth. * *Goodenia amplexans* auct. non F.Muell.: Willis, J.H. (1973) | |


title: Mielęcino

abstract: Mielęcino is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kępice, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Kępice, 21 km (13 mi) south of Słupsk, and 110 km (68 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Mielęcino

**Mielęcino** \[mjɛlɛnˈt͡ɕinɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kępice, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Kępice, 21 km (13 mi) south of Słupsk, and 110 km (68 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Mielęcino | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mielęcino | |
| Coordinates: 54°17′13″N 16°57′12″E / 54.28694°N 16.95333°E / 54.28694; 16.95333 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Słupsk |
| Gmina | Kępice |
| Population | 17 |


title: Harmostini

abstract: Harmostini is a tribe of scentless plant bugs in the family Rhopalidae. There are at least two genera and about eight described species in Harmostini.

text:
# Harmostini

**Harmostini** is a tribe of scentless plant bugs in the family Rhopalidae. There are at least two genera and about eight described species in Harmostini.

## Genera

These two genera belong to the tribe Harmostini:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Harmostini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Aufeius impressicollis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Rhopalidae |
| Subfamily: | Rhopalinae |
| Tribe: | Harmostini<br>Stål, 1873 |
|


title: Lucelle Frances Beetham

abstract: Lucelle Frances Beetham was a New Zealand artist and natural history illustrator.

text:
# Lucelle Frances Beetham

**Lucelle Frances Beetham** (*née* **Swainson**; 24 March 1842 – 11 October 1910) was a New Zealand artist and natural history illustrator.

## Personal life

Lucelle Frances Swainson was born on 24 March 1842, the second daughter of the naturalist William John Swainson and Anne Grasby. She grew up in the Hutt Valley; on 17 September 1863 she married magistrate and artist Richmond Beetham, moving with him to Queenstown in the 1870s. She died in 1910, aged 68.

## Artwork

Beetham took after her artist father and was a talented illustrator, producing several botanical and bird studies. Some of her works are now held in the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington.

## InfoBox

| Lucelle Frances Beetham | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1842-03-24)24 March 1842
Hutt Valley, New Zealand |
| Died | 11 October 1910(1910-10-11) (aged 68)
Nelson, New Zealand |
| Known for | Natural history illustration |
| Spouse | Richmond Beetham  (m. 18631910) |


title: Tom Jolls

abstract: Tom Jolls was an American television personality best known for his 34-year tenure at WKBW-TV in Buffalo, New York. At WKBW, Jolls hosted "The Weather Outside" segments during Eyewitness News, performed many of the station's voiceovers, and served as host of the children's television show, the Commander Tom Show.

text:
# Tom Jolls

**Tom Jolls** (August 6, 1933 – June 7, 2023) was an American television personality best known for his 34-year tenure at WKBW-TV in Buffalo, New York. At WKBW, Jolls hosted "The Weather Outside" segments during *Eyewitness News*, performed many of the station's voiceovers, and served as host of the children's television show, the Commander Tom Show.

## Biography

Tom Jolls was born in Newfane, New York, and grew up in Lockport, New York, where he worked at WUSJ from 1951 to 1962. His first television experience came as a personality at the short-lived WBES-TV during its three months in operation in 1953. He moved to Buffalo, working for WBEN (AM)/TV, and in 1965 was effectively traded to WKBW-TV in exchange for Stan Barron. At WKBW, Jolls became the station's evening news weatherman, and before the end of the year, he was also hosting The Superman Show—interstitial segments. These featured Jolls as Captain Tom, later Commander Tom, which aired around broadcasts of *Adventures of Superman*. The program evolved into *The Commander Tom Show* and would be on the air in various formats for 26 years.

Jolls, along with news anchor Irv Weinstein and sports anchor Rick Azar, was a nighttime fixture on WKBW. As host of "The Weather Outside," Jolls would stand out in the elements to report on weather conditions, and seeing him shivering or struggling to keep balance in gusty winds became common. Another one of Jolls's trademarks was his "Weather Word," a summation of the weather forecast in one word (a particular favorite of Jolls was salubrious, for beautiful weather), as well as ending his temperature listing by reminding us that it was "...and cooler by the lake!" He also maintained a weather stick as a forecasting aid; it was eventually broken apart by vandals.

Jolls never earned any certification in meteorology; he believed that the art of weather forecasting was simple enough that it did not require advanced meteorological training. In attempting to convince Mike Randall, then a feature reporter, to get into weather forecasting, Jolls said "Weather is so easy, High pressure is nice weather, low pressure is bad weather." He had largely avoided the Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977 since he went home before the worst of the blizzard hit. Jolls noted that the blizzard marked a turning point in weather forecasting on television, as he had been given a much larger, earlier spot in the newscasts after the event since weather had become a much greater priority. He also maintained a subscription to AccuWeather.

In 1992, Jolls reprised his Commander Tom character in a recurring role on the weekend morning kids' show *Rocketship 7*. It was cancelled after one year.

Azar retired in 1989, ending the 24-year run of the anchor team of Weinstein-Jolls-Azar. Weinstein retired in 1998, and Jolls left the air six months later, retiring on June 30, 1999. Mike Randall was named as his successor. Jolls and his wife had 6 children: Suzanne Marie, Thomas Dale, Kathleen Ann, Lisa Ann, Timothy Wilbert and Terrence Leo.

At the time of his death, he was living in his hometown of Newfane. He had spent his winters in Cape Coral, Florida, before deciding to remain in Western New York to be with his family, which included his wife Janice, six children, 17 grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren.

Jolls, Weinstein, and Azar were all inducted into the Buffalo Broadcasting Hall of Fame in 1998. Jolls was also inducted into the New York State Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame in 2019.

Jolls died at his New York home on June 7, 2023, at the age of 89.

## InfoBox

| Tom Jolls | |
| --- | --- |
| Still image from the *Commander Tom Show*, c. 1965 | |
| Born | (1933-08-16)August 16, 1933
Newfane, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 7, 2023(2023-06-07) (aged 89)
Cheektowaga, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Television personality |
| Spouse | Janice Jolls |
| Children | 6 |


title: Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I

abstract: The Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I was a large three-engined biplane flying boat designed by Claudius Dornier and built during 1914–15 on the German side of Lake Constance. It was destroyed in a storm.

text:
# Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I

The **Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I** (also known as the **Dornier Rs.I**) was a large three-engined biplane flying boat designed by Claudius Dornier and built during 1914–15 on the German side of Lake Constance. It was destroyed in a storm.

## Design and development

Claudius Dornier gained the attention of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin while working on a proposed trans-atlantic airship during 1913. Later he appointed him as chief designer of the Zeppelin-Werke at Lindau, responsible for building large patrol flying boats. Dornier's first design to be built was the Rs.I. This was a large aircraft (*Riesenflugzeug* in the German classification) constructed largely of high-strength steel for highly stressed parts, and Duralumin (aluminium alloy) for low stress parts. The wings were on top of the hull and were braced with four sets per side of Warren strut style interplane structures comprising 'V' struts, which obviated the need for drag inducing wire bracing. The wing structure was formed with built-up steel spars, four in the top wing and three in the lower wing, and duralumin ribs riveted to the spars and braced internally. The fuselage was also made up from formed steel members built up into a framework which was then covered with fabric or dural sheeting. The powerplant arrangements were unorthodox, with the two outboard engines housed inside the fuselage, each driving a pusher propeller via shafts and bevel gearboxes, and a central pusher engine in a nacelle between the wings.

## History

The Rs.I was completed by October 1915 and rolled out at Seemos for trials. On 23 October, during a taxi test, the port propeller and/or gearbox parted company with the aircraft, causing damage to the gearbox mountings and the upper wing. The opportunity was taken to move the outboard engines into nacelles identical to that of centre engine, and mount them between the wings on an independent structure with catwalks to enable engineers to attend to engines in flight. This gave much better clearance from spray for the propellers, which was probably the cause of the port gearbox/propeller failure. Taxiing trials recommenced, but with little success. On 21 December 1915 a Foehn wind blew up during trials. Unable to beach the giant flying boat, attempts were made to ride out the storm on the lake, but the moorings gave and the Rs.I was dashed to pieces on the lakeside rocks.

The RsI is noteworthy for the construction materials used as well as its size; it was the largest aeroplane in the world at the time of its launch.

## Specifications (Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I)

*Data from* The German Giants

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** at least 7
* **Length:** 29 m (95 ft 2 in)
* **Wingspan:** 43.5 m (142 ft 9 in)
* **Height:** 7.2 m (23 ft 7 in)
* **Wing area:** 328.8 m2 (3,539 sq ft)
* **Empty weight:** 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 4,763 kg (10,500 lb)
* **Powerplant:** 3 × Maybach HS (Mb.IV) , 179 kW (240 hp) each

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

**Related lists**

## Bibliography

* Gray, Peter & Thetford, Owen (1987) \[1970\]. *German Aircraft of the First World War* (2nd ed.). London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-809-7.
* Haddow G.W., Grosz, P.M. *The German Giants*. Putnam, 3rd Ed., 1988 ISBN 0-85177-812-7
* Rimell, Ray (2009). *Dornier Flying Boats*. Windsock Datafile. Vol. 136. Berkhampstead, UK: Albatros Productions. ISBN 978-1-906798-03-1.
* Schmeelke, Michael (2020). *Zeppelin-Lindau Aircraft of WWI: Claude Dornier's Metal Airplanes 1914–1919*. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. Vol. 42. n.p.: Aeronaut Books. ISBN 978-1-935881-83-4.

## Further reading

* Zuerl, Walter (1941). *Deutsche Flugzeug Konstrukteure*. München, Germany: Curt Pechstein Verlag.

## InfoBox

| Rs.I | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A front view of the flying boat | |
| Role | Patrol flying boat |
| National origin | Germany |
| Manufacturer | Zeppelin-Lindau |
| Designer | Claudius Dornier |
| Number built | 1 |


title: Pigments (album)

abstract: Pigments is a collaborative studio album by experimental musicians Dawn Richard and Spencer Zahn, released by Merge Records on October 21, 2022. The album has received positive reviews from critics, writing that it has pushed Richard into new musical territory and that the composition successfully blends multiple musical genres and styles.

text:
# Pigments (album)

***Pigments*** is a collaborative studio album by experimental musicians Dawn Richard and Spencer Zahn, released by Merge Records on October 21, 2022. The album has received positive reviews from critics, writing that it has pushed Richard into new musical territory and that the composition successfully blends multiple musical genres and styles.

## Recording and release

> I wanted my voice to be moss surrounding the roots of Spencer's compositions, never forcing the moment to fill every space but rather reveling in the openness of thought and breath.

—Richard on collaborating with Zahn

Dawn Richard and Spencer Zahn first met touring with Kimbra and collaborated on the Zahn's "Cyanotype" from *People of the Dawn* in 2018, leading to recording this album-length composition named after colors. The music was inspired by New Orleans and was built around Richard adding vocals to Zahn's songs, with lyrics about catharsis and healing. The songs are experimental music and a third stream blend of electronic music genres like ambient along with art music styles of jazz and Western classical, written from the perspective of a young black girl who is painting scenes of the future. The album was previewed with four tracks that make up movement one on August 30, 2022.

The music was adapted to a live show in 2024.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 87100 (5 reviews) |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Clash Music* | 810 |
| *Financial Times* |  |
| Pitchfork | 8.310 |
| *Uncut* | 910 |

*Pigments* received positive reviews from critics noted at review aggregator Metacritic. It has a weighted average score of 87 out of 100, based on five reviews.

Editors at AllMusic rated this album 4 out of 5 stars, with critic Andy Kellman writing that "it's as moving as any of Richard's previous output" and "no other album is quite like it". Online music retailer Bandcamp chose this as Album of the Day, with Ted Davis praising the instrumentation but also writing that the "most gripping elements come from Richard's vocals". Writing for *Clash Music*, Ana Lamond rated *Pigments* 8 out of 10, summing up, "From start to finish, Dawn Richard and Spencer Zahn have created a truly refreshing body of work, a seamless experience. 'Pigments' encourages one to reach outside of their comfort zone, to listen more closely, more openly." This release was shortlisted in *The Fader* for being "exciting and natural". In *The Financial Times*, Ludovic Hunter-Tilney gave this release 4 out of 5 stars, characterizing the collaboration as a "rewarding act of synthesis". NPR's Tarisai Ngangura calls this music "a flip side to day-dreaming" and "a dynamic collaboration intersecting both artists' discographies".

Editors at Pitchfork chose this as Best New Music, with critic Sam Goldner rating it an 8.3 out of 10, writing that the two musicians complement and challenge one another: "where Zahn's instrumentals are often measured and gentle, Richard's performance is dynamic, regularly growing from a soft quiver to a mighty, all-encompassing wail and back again... the two musicians push each other into an atmospheric zone that's new for both". In *Relix*, Richard Gehr called this work "an immersive experiment in what used to be called "third stream" (neither quite jazz nor classical) music". Editors at Stereogum chose this to be Album of the Week and Chris DeVille writing that this music will "radically revise listeners' understanding of Dawn Richard and her art". In *Uncut*, John Lewis rated this album 9 out of 10, calling the music "a blissful spiritual balm".

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Dawn Richard, all music written by Spencer Zahn.

1. "Coral" – 3:10
2. "Sandstone" – 3:36
3. "Indigo" – 2:05
4. "Vantablack" – 3:55
5. "Sienna" – 4:52
6. "Cerulean" – 3:32
7. "Opal" – 1:35
8. "Saffron" – 3:53
9. "Crimson" – 3:36
10. "Cobalt" – 1:25
11. "Umber" – 4:31

## Personnel

**Additional musicians**

* Stuart Bogie – clarinet, bass clarinet
* Mike Haldeman – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, sampled electronic instruments
* Malcolm Parson – cello, violin, viola
* Dawn Richard – vocals
* Dave Scalia – drums
* Kirk Schoenherr – electric guitar
* Jas Walton tenor saxophone, flute
* Doug Wieselman – clarinet, bass clarinet

**Technical personnel**

* Jake Aron – vocal engineering
* Eli Crews mixing
* Shawn Hatfield mastering
* Alex Komlos – vocal engineering
* Monty Marsh – cover photography
* Clifford Usher – inside photography
* Lily Wen – clarinet engineering

## InfoBox

| Pigments | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dawn Richard and Spencer Zahn | |
| Released | October 21, 2022 (2022-10-21) |
| Genre | Avant-garde |
| Length | 36:10 |
| Language | English |
| Label | Merge |
| Producer | Spencer Zahn |
| Dawn Richard chronology | |
| ***Pigments***
(2022) *Quiet in a World Full of Noise*
(2024) | |
|  | |
| Dawn Richard chronology | |
| *Second Line*
(2021) ***Pigments***
(2023) *The Architect*
(2023) | |
| Spencer Zahn chronology | |
| *Sunday Painter*
(2020) ***Pigments***
(2022) *Statues I*
(2023) | |
|  | |


title: Mieming

abstract: Mieming is a municipality in the Imst district and is located 19 km east of Imst and 6 km west of Telfs. Main sources of income are agriculture and Summer tourism.

text:
# Mieming

**Mieming** (German pronunciation: \[ˈmiə̯mɪŋ\] ) is a municipality in the Imst district and is located 19 km east of Imst and 6 km west of Telfs. Main sources of income are agriculture and Summer tourism.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,078 |  |
| 1880 | 1,026 | −4.8% |
| 1890 | 913 | −11.0% |
| 1900 | 899 | −1.5% |
| 1910 | 888 | −1.2% |
| 1923 | 963 | +8.4% |
| 1934 | 1,090 | +13.2% |
| 1939 | 1,105 | +1.4% |
| 1951 | 1,219 | +10.3% |
| 1961 | 1,274 | +4.5% |
| 1971 | 1,450 | +13.8% |
| 1981 | 1,771 | +22.1% |
| 1991 | 2,202 | +24.3% |
| 2001 | 2,881 | +30.8% |
| 2011 | 3,445 | +19.6% |

## InfoBox

| Mieming | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in the district | |
| MiemingLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°18′00″N 10°59′00″E / 47.30000°N 10.98333°E / 47.30000; 10.98333 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| District | Imst |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Franz Dengg |
| Area | |
| Total | 50.4 km2 (19.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 864 m (2,835 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 3,698 |
| Density | 73/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6414 |
| Area code | 0 52 64 |
| Vehicle registration | IM |
| Website | www.mieming.tirol.gv.at |


title: Tsing Yi South Bridge

abstract: Tsing Yi South Bridge, opened as the Tsing Yi Bridge on 28 February 1974, was the first bridge to Tsing Yi, Hong Kong. It spans the Rambler Channel, linking Tsing Yi Island to the former Pillar Island, Kwai Chung. The bridge spans 610 metres and is 26 metres (85 feet) high. It contributed significantly to the development of Tsing Yi, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s. It is the only bridge across the channel which may be used by cycles and so is the only route connecting Tsing Yi and the Tsuen Wan/Kwai Chung area for cyclists. The name "Tsing Yi South Bridge" was adopted following the 1987 opening of the second bridge to Tsing Yi, the Tsing Yi North Bridge.

text:
# Tsing Yi South Bridge

| Tsing Yi South Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 青衣南橋 |
| Simplified Chinese | 青衣南桥 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Qīngyī Nánqiáo  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Chīng yī nàahm kìuh  Jyutping Cing1 ji1 naam4 kiu4 | |
|  | |

**Tsing Yi South Bridge**, opened as the **Tsing Yi Bridge** on 28 February 1974, was the first bridge to Tsing Yi, Hong Kong. It spans the Rambler Channel, linking Tsing Yi Island to the former Pillar Island, Kwai Chung. The bridge spans 610 metres (about 2,000 feet) and is 26 metres (85 feet) high. It contributed significantly to the development of Tsing Yi, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s. It is the only bridge across the channel which may be used by cycles (the other bridges are either expressways or have signs prohibiting them) and so is the only route connecting Tsing Yi and the Tsuen Wan/Kwai Chung area for cyclists. The name "Tsing Yi South Bridge" was adopted following the 1987 opening of the second bridge to Tsing Yi, the Tsing Yi North Bridge.

## History

The bridge was built by Tsing Yi Bridge Company Limited (青衣大橋有限公司), a joint venture of six Hong Kong companies on the island, namely, China Light and Power, Hongkong Cement, International Containers, Mobil Oil, Gulf Oil, and Standard Oil. In 1970, they budgeted HK$18 million to build the bridge, while the Hong Kong Government contributed $7.5 million to the road connections.

The government granted a licence for construction of the bridge on 18 May 1971. The contractor was Gammon Construction and the engineers were W.V. Zinn and Associates.

Completed in February 1974, the bridge finally cost HK$21 million. It was opened on 28 February 1974 by Sir Murray MacLehose, the Governor of Hong Kong. Upon completion, the bridge was given to Hong Kong Government and the government built roads to link up various areas on the island. Originally, only vehicles displaying a permit issued by the Commissioner of Transport were allowed to use the bridge. Private cars were allowed free access to the bridge from 1 May 1976.

Until the 1987 opening of the Tsing Yi North Bridge, Tsing Yi Bridge was the only fixed link to mainland Hong Kong. It became notorious for traffic congestion, and when the Kwai Chung Port would close for typhoons the bridge would sometimes become blocked by lorries waiting for the port to reopen. Residents became accustomed to having to walk across the bridge when such incidents occurred.

There are two lanes on the bridge. Before the rebuilding, the bridge was two-way; afterwards, two lanes are outward bound, and the Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge serves inward traffic.

A stone was erected on the Pillar Island end of the bridge in memory of the completion. The stone was moved to the Tsing Yi end to spare space for building the Tsing Yi Doubling Bridge.

## Connection

Tsing Yi Bridge is connected to Tsing Yi Road and Tsing Yi Heung Sze Wui Road on Tsing Yi Island, and Kwai Tsing Road and Tsing Kwai Highway in Kwai Chung.

## Structure

Tsing Yi Bridge is formed by 5 levers, identical pairs of arms supported by stands, 18 metres (60 feet) above the water, in the middle, with round-shaped caissons on the seabed.

The arms are made of pre-tensioned concrete. Their cross section is of hollow boxes. There are some power cables and two oil pipes inside the boxes. Both sides of hollow boxes have water pipes for the Tsing Yi Island.

On the bridge, 7 metres (24 feet) width is provided for vehicles with a 1.5 metre (5 foot) wide pedestrian walkway on each side.

The bridge is designed to withstand typhoons, strong waves and accidental collisions by ships.

## Collision

Ships operating in nearby water and passing through have collided with the bridge several times, and caused minor damage to the bridge. Protection islands are built on the channel to avoid further accidents. Warning signs have been erected reminding that only ships under 17 metres are allowed to sail through the channel. Ships are prohibited from staying or operating near the bridge.

## Aging and renovation

Tsing Yi Bridge once was the sole connection of the Tsing Yi island to the rest of Hong Kong. As residential population grew, the bridge loading was exceeded. The two lanes become a traffic bottleneck and serious traffic congestion ensued. Heavy overloading, with dramatic increases in heavy vehicle traffic, made the bridge age quickly and the gap edge bent downward. Though later Tsing Yi North Bridge was built thus alleviating the congestion a bit, and the bridge was closed once in 1989 (after the opening of the North bridge) for renovation, the safety of the bridge was still a major concern. Finally, a rescue plan was implemented. A new bridge, Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge, was built alongside to at first to replace Tsing Yi Bridge temporarily while Tsing Yi Bridge was closed for fixing in 2000. Some tensioned steel cables replaced the aging cables inside the bridge to straighten out the bent parts. After the project completed, the Tsing Yi Bridge, together with its 'new' brother, served the island again.

## Celebration

On the 10th birthday of the bridge, a carnival was held on the football field, near Chan Lai So Chun Memorial School, of Cheung Ching Estate on the Tsing Yi Island.

Other road bridges spanning the Rambler Channel:

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Tsing Yi South Bridge<br>青衣南橋 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 22°20′55″N 114°06′49″E / 22.34865°N 114.11365°E / 22.34865; 114.11365 |
| Carries | Motor vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists |
| Crosses | Rambler Channel |
| Locale | New Territories, Hong Kong |
| Official name | Tsing Yi South Bridge |
| Other name(s) | Tsing Yi Bridge (青衣大橋) |
| Owner | Hong Kong Government |
| Characteristics | |
| No. of lanes | 2 |
| History | |
| Constructed by | Gammon Construction |
| Construction cost | $21 million |
| Opened | 28 February 1974 (1974-02-28) |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Tsing Yi Rural Committee

abstract: Tsing Yi Rural Committee is a rural committee dealing with matters of the village of Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong.

text:
# Tsing Yi Rural Committee

**Tsing Yi Rural Committee** (Chinese: 青衣鄉事委員會) is a rural committee dealing with matters of the village of Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong.

## Representatives

Village committee representation
| Village | Number of Indigenous Inhabitant Representative \[原居民代表\] | Number of Resident Representative \[居民代表\] | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chung Mei Tsuen (涌美村) | 3 | 1 |  |
| Lo Uk Tsuen (老屋村) | 1 | 1 | Note: Chung Mei Tsuen and Lo Uk Tsuen are mixed into one village named Chung Mei Lo Uk Tsuen (涌尾老屋村). Tsing Yi residents call this village Chung Mei Tsuen. |
| Tai Wong Ha Resite Village (大王下新村) or Tai Wong Ha Tsuen (大王下村) | 5 | 1 |  |
| Sun Uk Resite Village (新屋新村) or San Uk Tsuen (新屋村) | 1 | 1 |  |
| Yim Tin Kok Resite Village (鹽田角新村) or Yim Tin Kok Tsuen (鹽田角村) | 1 | 1 |  |
| Lam Tin Resite Village (藍田新村) or Lam Tin Tsuen (藍田村) | 2 | 1 | Note: The approximately four resite villages are relocated together and are usually referred as Sai Tsuen 四村 |
| Fung Shue Wo Resite Village (楓樹窩新村) or Fung Shu Wo Tsuen (楓樹窩村) | 1 | 0 | Note: In Fung Shue Wo there are two villages Tsing Yu New Village (青裕新村) and Tsing Yi Hui (青衣墟) |
| Fishermen's Village and St. Paul's Village (漁民村及聖保祿村) | 0 | 1 |  |
| Tsing Yi Lutheran Village (信義新村) |  |  |  |
| Liu To Village (寮肚村) |  |  |  |
| Ko Tan Village (高灘村) |  |  |  |
| Sai Shan Village (細山村) |  |  | Still exists? |

## InfoBox

| Tsing Yi Rural Committee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 青衣鄉事委員會 |
| Simplified Chinese | 青衣乡事委员会 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Qīngyī Xiāng Shì Wěiyuánhuì  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping cing1 ji1 hoeng1 si6 wai2 jyun4 wui6\*2 | |
|  | |


title: Turner, Oregon

abstract: Turner is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,944 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 10, 1905. Since 1971, it is the location of the Enchanted Forest amusement park.

text:
# Turner, Oregon

**Turner** is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,944 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 10, 1905.

Since 1971, it is the location of the Enchanted Forest amusement park.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.45 square miles (3.76 km2), of which, 1.43 square miles (3.70 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) is water. Turner is situated near Mill Creek, a Tributary of Willamette.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 85 |  |  |
| 1910 | 191 |  |  |
| 1920 | 289 |  | 51.3% |
| 1930 | 283 |  | −2.1% |
| 1940 | 414 |  | 46.3% |
| 1950 | 610 |  | 47.3% |
| 1960 | 770 |  | 26.2% |
| 1970 | 846 |  | 9.9% |
| 1980 | 1,116 |  | 31.9% |
| 1990 | 1,281 |  | 14.8% |
| 2000 | 1,199 |  | −6.4% |
| 2010 | 1,854 |  | 54.6% |
| 2020 | 2,454 |  | 32.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,854 people, 710 households, and 513 families living in the city. The population density was 1,296.5 inhabitants per square mile (500.6/km2). There were 768 housing units at an average density of 537.1 per square mile (207.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.2% White, 0.6% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 2.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.3% of the population.

There were 710 households, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 39 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,199 people, 491 households, and 330 families living in the city. The population density was 778.0 inhabitants per square mile (300.4/km2). There were 522 housing units at an average density of 338.7 per square mile (130.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.83% White, 0.08% African American, 1.67% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 2.00% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.34% of the population.

There were 491 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $43,906. Males had a median income of $38,125 versus $23,636 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,234. About 4.8% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Turner is serviced by the Cascade School District, which operates Cascade Senior High School, Cascade Junior High, and Three Elementary Schools.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Turner, Oregon | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Turner Elementary School (built as the K-12 Turner School) | |
| Motto: The Good Neighbor Town | |
| Location in Oregon | |
| Coordinates: 44°50′56″N 122°57′07″W / 44.84889°N 122.95194°W / 44.84889; -122.95194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
| County | Marion |
| Incorporated | 1905 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Steve Horning |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.45 sq mi (3.76 km2) |
| Land | 1.43 sq mi (3.71 km2) |
| Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2) |
| Elevation | 407 ft (124 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,944 |
| Density | 1,712.49/sq mi (661.26/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (Pacific) |
| ZIP codes | 97359, 97392 |
| Area code | 503 |
| FIPS code | 41-75150 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2412115 |
| Website | http://www.cityofturner.org/ |


title: Turner-Dodge House

abstract: The Dodge Mansion, also known as Turner-Dodge House, is a historic house in Lansing, Michigan that was built in 1855. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1972 as Dodge Mansion. The Turner-Dodge House is now a museum and historical center dedicated to Lansing's early pioneers. The house sits in the Classical Revival-styled Turner-Dodge Mansion, built in 1858 for James and Marion Turner, and later expanded by their daughter Abigail Turner-Dodge and her husband Frank Dodge at the turn of the century.

text:
# Turner-Dodge House

The **Dodge Mansion**, also known as **Turner-Dodge House**, is a historic house in Lansing, Michigan that was built in 1855. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1972 as **Dodge Mansion**.

The Turner-Dodge House is now a museum and historical center dedicated to Lansing's early pioneers. The house sits in the Classical Revival-styled Turner-Dodge Mansion, built in 1858 for James and Marion Turner, and later expanded by their daughter Abigail Turner-Dodge and her husband Frank Dodge at the turn of the century.

## History

In 1847, the state legislature established a new capitol at the then substantially unsettled Lansing location. Merchant James Turner moved from Mason to the new settlement, selecting a home site at this location. In the 1850s, Turner built a large mansion on his property. He lived there until his death in 1869, after which his widow remained in the house. Ownership of the house passed to his son James Munroe Turner, who lived there until his death. After this, James M's sister, Abbey, and her husband Frank Dodge purchased the house. Abbey and Frank lived there with their children, including Franklin Dodge Jr., a Bureau of Investigation agent who became embroiled in controversy in the 1920s after his affair with George Remus's wife Imogene.

In 1900, the Dodges hired Lansing architect Darius B. Moon to modernize and renovate the house. The project was completed in 1903, resulting in a house with a completely changed appearance, almost entirely obliterating the design of the original house. Frank Dodge died in 1929, after which his daughter Josephine (Dodge) MacLean lived in the house. The Great Lakes Bible College acquired the house in 1958, and occupied it until 1972 when it moved to another campus. The city of Lansing purchased the property in 1974. In the 1990s and 2000s, substantial renovation was done to the house. The house is open as a historical site, heritage center, and hosts special events.

## Description

The Turner-Dodge House is a large Georgian Revival brick house. It has a three-story central section flanked by 2+12-story wings. The house has a large two-story front porch with Ionic columns, sitting on a stone foundation. The house is encircled by a massive wooden cornice. A large porte cochere is located in the rear.

On the interior, the house has large classical doorways, multiple fireplaces, and beveled and leaded glass windows.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dodge Mansion | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Michigan State Historic Site | |
|  | |
| The Turner-Dodge House in July 2014 | |
|  | |
| Interactive map | |
| Location | 106 E. North St.,<br>Lansing, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 42°45′3″N 84°33′8″W / 42.75083°N 84.55222°W / 42.75083; -84.55222 |
| Area | 9 acres (3.6 ha) |
| Built | Construction began in 1855; completed in 1858. Renovations began around 1900 and were finished by 1903. |
| Architect | Darius B. Moon |
| Architectural style | Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Georgian Revival, Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 72000621 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 14, 1972 |
| Designated MSHS | May 17, 1973 |


title: Jack Chegwyn

abstract: John William Chegwyn was an Australian cricketer and cricket administrator. A middle-order batsman, Chegwyn played five first-class matches for New South Wales between 1940 and 1942. In a first-class match in February 1941, staged to raise money for the war effort, he scored 103 in 111 minutes against South Australia. Between 1926 and 1956 he scored more than 10,000 runs in Sydney first-grade cricket. Between 1939 and 1969 Chegwyn led and managed numerous tours by teams of leading Sydney players to New South Wales country districts. The tours enabled country people to see some of the leading players of the day, as well as allowing talented country players to make themselves known more widely. In the 1944–45 cricket season his team also toured military bases in Queensland, while in their matches in New South Wales they raised more than £1000 for war funds. Chegwyn was a state selector for 20 years and a life member of the New South Wales Cricket Association. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his services to sport in the 1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours.

text:
# Jack Chegwyn

**John William Chegwyn** MBE (18 March 1909 – 26 May 1992) was an Australian cricketer and cricket administrator.

A middle-order batsman, Chegwyn played five first-class matches for New South Wales between 1940 and 1942. In a first-class match in February 1941, staged to raise money for the war effort, he scored 103 in 111 minutes against South Australia. Between 1926 and 1956 he scored more than 10,000 runs in Sydney first-grade cricket.

Between 1939 and 1969 Chegwyn led and managed numerous tours by teams of leading Sydney players to New South Wales country districts. The tours enabled country people to see some of the leading players of the day, as well as allowing talented country players to make themselves known more widely. In the 1944–45 cricket season his team also toured military bases in Queensland, while in their matches in New South Wales they raised more than £1000 for war funds.

Chegwyn was a state selector for 20 years and a life member of the New South Wales Cricket Association. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his services to sport in the 1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours.

## InfoBox

Jack Chegwyn
MBE
| Chegwyn (left) and Vic Jackson in 1944 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | John William Chegwyn |
| Born | (1909-03-18)18 March 1909
Botany, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 26 May 1992(1992-05-26) (aged 83)
Sydney, Australia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1940–42 | New South Wales |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 5  Runs scored 375  Batting average 46.87  100s/50s 1/2  Top score 103  Catches/stumpings 3/– | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 24 December 2016 | |


title: Untanglin' My Mind

abstract: "Untanglin' My Mind" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clint Black. Black wrote the song with Merle Haggard. It was released in September 1994 as the lead single from the album One Emotion. The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and reached number 3 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart. Haggard also recorded the song on his 1996 album 1996.

text:
# Untanglin' My Mind

**"Untanglin' My Mind"** is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clint Black. Black wrote the song with Merle Haggard. It was released in September 1994 as the lead single from the album *One Emotion*. The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and reached number 3 on the Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks chart. Haggard also recorded the song on his 1996 album *1996*.

## Content

The song is a ballad in which the narrator states that if anyone were to ask his now ex-lover where he's gone to, that she should state he's elsewhere.

## Critical reception

Mike Joyce of *The Washington Post* gave the song a positive review, saying that it was "the album's best tune" and saying that it showed the similarities in Black's and Haggard's styles.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Clint Black himself and premiered in October 1994.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 3 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 4 |

## InfoBox

| "Untanglin' My Mind" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Clint Black | |
| from the album  *One Emotion* | |
| B-side | "I Can Get By" |
| Released | September 1994 (1994-09) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:24 |
| Label | RCA Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) | Clint Black
Merle Haggard |
| Producer(s) | James Stroud
Clint Black |
| Clint Black singles chronology | |
| "Half the Man"
(1994) "**Untanglin' My Mind**"
(1994) "Wherever You Go"
(1995) | |


title: Taylor Wang

abstract: Taylor Gun-Jin Wang is a Chinese-born American scientist and in 1985, became the first person of Chinese origin to go into space. While an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wang was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-B.

text:
# Taylor Wang

**Taylor Gun-Jin Wang** (simplified Chinese: 王赣骏; traditional Chinese: 王贛駿; pinyin: *Wáng Gànjùn*; born June 16, 1940) is a Chinese-born American scientist and in 1985, became the first person of Chinese origin to go into space. While an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wang was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle *Challenger* mission STS-51-B.

## Early life and education

With ancestry in Yancheng, Jiangsu, Republic of China, Wang was born in Shanghai to Wáng Zhāng (王章) and Yú Jiéhóng (俞洁虹/俞潔虹). He moved to Taiwan in 1952 with his family. He studied his later part of elementary school in Kaohsiung, and graduated from the Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei, Taiwan. He later moved to Hong Kong. He started studying physics in UCLA in 1963, and received his Bachelor of Science in 1967, and his Master of Science in 1968, and his doctoral in low temperature physics - Superfluid and solid state physics in 1972

## Career and research

After completing his doctorate, Wang joined the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in 1972, as a senior scientist. At JPL he was responsible for the inception and development of containerless processing science and technology research. He was the Principal Investigator (PI) on the Spacelab 3 mission NASA Drop Dynamics (DDM) experiments, PI on the NASA SPAR Flight Experiment #77-18 "Dynamics of Liquid Bubble," PI on the NASA SPAR Flight Experiment #76-20 "Containerless Processing Technology," and PI on the Department of Energy Experiment "Spherical Shell Technology."

He gained US citizenship in 1975, and published a paper on the dynamic behavior of rotating spheroids in zero gravity the next year. The paper received attention in NASA, and Wang was selected as a payload specialist on June 1, 1983, for the Spacelab-3 mission.

Wang conducted precursor drop dynamics experiments for the DDM in ground-based laboratories employing acoustic levitation systems, neutral buoyancy systems and drop towers, and in the near-weightless environment provided by JSC's KC-135 airplane flights and SPAR rockets. These flights have helped to define the experimental parameters and procedures in the DDM experiments performed on Spacelab 3. He is the inventor of the acoustic levitation and manipulation chamber for the DDM. (Wang, T.G., M. Saffren, D. Elleman and J.C. Fletcher (1975) Material Suspension Within an Acoustically Excited Resonant Chamber. U.S. Patent No. 3,882,732)

### Spaceflight

Wang flew on STS-51-B *Challenger* (April 29 – May 6, 1985). STS-51B/Spacelab-3 was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California. It was the first operational Spacelab mission. The seven-man crew aboard *Challenger* conducted investigations in crystal growth, drop dynamics leading to containerless material processing, atmospheric trace gas spectroscopy, solar and planetary atmospheric simulation, cosmic rays, laboratory animals and human medical monitoring.

Wang was the principal designer of an experiment called the Drop Dynamics Module, which aimed to uncover the fundamental physical behavior of liquid drops in microgravity. Despite his extensive preparation, the experiment malfunctioned upon activation. Wang, feeling immense pressure and aware of the high expectations from the Chinese community, became deeply despondent. When Wang's experiment failed, he desperately negotiated with NASA flight controllers for a chance to repair it, even threatening not to return if not allowed to fix the instrument, telling NASA flight controllers "Hey, if you guys don't give me a chance to repair my instrument, I'm not going back." Wang received permission to attempt a fix and was successful in repairing the experiment, though his remark caused concern for the safety of the crew and the mission.

The incident was covered in an *Ars Technica* article on 22 January, 2024. There, John Fabian, mission specialist on STS-51-G, the very next shuttle flight after 51-B, was cited to explain why a lock was recently installed on the door of the side hatch: "It was installed when we got into orbit so that the door could not be opened from the inside and commit *hara-kiri*, kill the whole crew. That was not because of anybody we had on our flight but because of a concern about someone who had flown before 51-G."

At mission conclusion, Wang traveled over 2.9 million miles in 110 Earth orbits, and logged over 168 hours in space. While it was a successful mission, STS-51B mission commander Overmyer discovered while serving on the *Challenger* disaster investigation team that 51-B had had a similar problem with its O-rings during the launch. Morton Thiokol engineers told Wang's crewmate Don Lind that "you came within three-tenths of one second of dying".

### Post-spaceflight research

Using insights from compound droplet experiments performed in the microgravity of NASA Shuttle Mission STS-51-B, Dr. Taylor Wang, has developed an immunoisolation encapsulation system that protects cellular transplants, and sustains cell function — without immunosuppression drugs and their resulting negative side effects. This novel immunoisolation system is a multi-component, multi-membrane capsule that allows independent optimization of all capsule design parameters ensuring reproducible functions in large animals and humans. Results of Encapsulife's successful large animal trials, have recently been published in peer-reviewed research in Transplantation Journal. In this landmark research, encapsulated canine pancreatic islets were transplanted into dogs rendered diabetic by total pancreatectomy. No immunosuppression or anti-inflammatory therapy was used. The allotransplantations of encapsulated islets were well tolerated and biocompatible, and normalized fasting blood glucose levels in all of 9 dogs, were achieved for over two hundred days, with a single transplantation. Re-transplantation of encapsulated islets — a "booster" — was effective in providing glycemic control beyond the initial 200 days.

### Professorship

Wang later became a Centennial Professor at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He has written about 200 journal articles and holds 28 U.S. patents on acoustics, drops and bubble dynamics, collision and coalescence of drops, charged drop dynamics, containerless science, and encapsulation of living cells. His experiments were carried out in 1985 aboard United States Spacelab 3, and in 1992 aboard United States Microgravity Laboratory 1 (USML-1), and in 1995 aboard USML-2.

## Recognition

Wang has received various honors and awards, including Space Flight Medal NASA 1985, Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal NASA 1987, Asian Pacific American Achievement Award 1989. Llewellyn J. Evans Distinguished Scientific, Engineering and Management Award 1994. Educational Award Vanderbilt University Alumni League 1996. He was awarded Asian American Engineer of the Year Distinguished Science and Technology Award, CIE-USA, National Engineers Foundation 2007. He addressed the United Nations' General Assembly in 1990 as part of the "Only One Earth Day".

Wang is married to Beverly Feng (馮雪平) with two sons, Kenneth Wang and Eric Wang.

* Taylor Wang, Igor Lacík, Marcela Brissová, Amrutur V. Anilkumar, Ales Prokop, David Hunkeler, Ray Green, Keivan Shahrokhi, Alvin C. Powers 1997. A New Generation Capsule and Encapsulation System for Immunoisolation of Pancreatic Islets. Nature technology, 15, 358 – 36
* Encapsulation System for the Immunoisolation of Living Cells. US Patent 5,997,900 (1999)
* A Novel Reactor for Making Uniform Capsules. US Patent 6,001,312 (1999)
* Capsule Patches (CP) for Cellular Transplantation without Immunosuppression. US Patent 8,673,294 B2 (2008)
* SEMI-PERMEABLE CAPSULAR MEMBRANE WITH TAPERED CONDUIT FOR DIABETES REVERSAL. US Patent 9,408,807 (2016)
* Taylor Wang, Successful diabetes management without immunosuppressive drugs in NHP model has been demonstrated. Encapsulation system with tapered nanopore conduits achieved normal glycaemia with regulated insulin release. \<Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, An International Journal, Vol 46, Suppl.3 (2018)

## InfoBox

| Taylor Gun-Jin Wang | |
| --- | --- |
| 王赣俊 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1940-06-16) June 16, 1940<br>Shanghai, Republic of China |
| Education | University of California, Los Angeles (BS, MS, PhD) |
| Occupation | Scientist |
| **Space career** | |
| JPL Payload Specialist | |
| Time in space | 7d 00h 08m |
| Missions | STS-51-B |
| Mission insignia | Signature * |
|  | |