title: Miss Chinatown USA

abstract: The Miss Chinatown USA pageant, based on Chinese communities within the U.S., greets delegates around the country. The pageant has been an annual Lunar New Year event since 1958. The winners of this pageant represent the Chinese community and act as ambassadors promoting Chinese culture and heritage.

text:
# Miss Chinatown USA

The **Miss Chinatown USA** pageant, based on Chinese communities within the U.S., greets delegates around the country. The pageant has been an annual Lunar New Year event since 1958. The winners of this pageant represent the Chinese community and act as ambassadors promoting Chinese culture and heritage.

## History

A local beauty pageant had been held by the Chinese American Citizens Alliance (CACA) and the San Francisco Lodge around Independence Day since 1948, with Penny (Lee) Wong as the first winner (CACA). The 1948 pageant was held in Pleasanton. Other winners included Lotus Wong (1948, Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association or CCBA), Fanny Don (1949, CACA), Lena Jane Chin (1950), Dorothy Lee (1951), and Annie Chow (1952).

Following the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the first official Lunar New Year Parade in San Francisco's Chinatown was held in 1953 to project that community as "patriotic, assimilated \[and\] compatible with American values". That year Pat Kan, the daughter of noted Chinatown restaurateur Johnny Kan, was chosen as "Miss Firecracker" by non-Chinese reporters and posed with "nothing but a string of firecrackers". In 1954, the local beauty pageant was rolled into the parade as a contest to select the Festival Queen and the parade expanded into a multi-day event. Chinese New Year Parade / Festival Queens included Bernice Woong (1954), Carolyn Lim (1955), Estelle Dong (1956), and Ruby Kwong (1957).

In 1958, the pageant was opened to seventeen competitors from around the United States and the first winner was June Gong, a 21-year old originally from Miami who previously had won the 1957 Miss New York Chinatown pageant and was runner-up for the 1957 Miss New Hampshire title. Gong was a senior majoring in Home Economics at the University of New Hampshire. Judges at the 1958 contest included Chin Yang Lee, Joseph Fields, Richard Pollard, Mrs. K. L. Kwong, Mrs. John Yu, and Sally Lee Thompson; the judges since then have been a mix of prominent citizens, both Asian and non-Asian. Throughout the years, proponents of Miss Chinatown claimed that this contest helped young woman overcome class divisions to receive necessary economic support to better themselves.

Kem K. Lee was the first official photographer of the pageant and photographed the event until his death in 1986; he also covered the earlier pageants dating back to 1948. In 1961, the Sahara Hotel in Las Vegas announced plans to hold its own "Miss Chinatown USA" pageant, but changed the name of its contest to "Miss East Bay" after a protest from the San Francisco Chinese Chamber of Commerce (SFCCC). That year, contestants included representatives from Durham, North Carolina, Fresno, California, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Minnesota, New York City, Phoenix, Arizona, Seattle, Washington, D.C., and Whittier, California.

Today, the Miss Chinatown USA pageant pulls contestants from all around the world as they advance past their city-level pageants. For example, the winner of Miss Chinatown Houston would win a sponsorship to compete in the Miss Chinatown USA pageant.

### Criticism

The signature evening gown is a tightly fitted *cheongsam*, chosen by the New Year Festival's organizer, H.K. Wong, to exoticize the contestants as "the perfect blend of East and West" and draw tourists to Chinatown. Although the earlier (1948–1953) local beauty pageant featured western dresses, author Chiou-Ling Yeh asserts the new pageant served to reinforce stereotypes: the choice of the *cheongsam* reinforced sexualized perception of Chinese women through its extra high-cut side slit, and early publicity emphasized the value of traditional, patriarchal ideals for female behavior, referring to the Three Obediences and Four Virtues. The winners were seen as cultural ambassadors to bridge the gap between Chinese-American immigrants and western society; in one instance, a restriction on the use of firecrackers in San Francisco was lifted after San Francisco Mayor George Christopher kissed the reigning Miss Chinatown in 1956.

Additional criticisms of the pageant, including it being not truly representative of the Chinatown population, reinforcing Caucasian beauty standards, and perpetuating the model minority stereotype have arisen since its origins. Pageants affirmed the model minority stereotype by affirming the importance of education as well as how woman were expected to assimilate into society. Contestants also tended to be middle class woman, further pushing the ideal during the Cold War. Additionally, by picking winners of the elite middle class, critics argued that the beauty queens were not representative of the Chinatown population. Furthermore, participants were not even expected to speak Chinese, the only part of them that was distinctly Chinese was their bodies. The Holiday Inn Chinatown sponsored one of the 1971 contestants; as a publicity stunt, she jumped out of a giant fortune cookie for the opening of the hotel, later drawing jeers and eggs when she rode on a float during the Lunar New Year parade.

Performance artist Kristina Wong has crashed numerous events in costume as the character "Fannie Wong, former Miss Chinatown 2nd runner up" since 2002; parodying the stereotype of a quiet, demure Asian woman, Wong describes Fannie as a "cigar chomping, leg humping fast talking beauty queen" that was "often escorted out of venues". Wong grew up in San Francisco idolizing Miss Chinatown, but admits she was "nervous because she did not know how she'd transition from being 'completely sexually repressed and totally awkward' to someone who was beautiful and self-assured. 'I felt like such an embarrassment to my family.'"

### Pageant rules

Eligibility is limited to unmarried United States citizens of Chinese descent between the ages of 17 and 26, which means the entrant's father or mother must be of Chinese descent. Local Chinatown beauty contests were won by the contestant that raised the most funds or sold the most raffle tickets for their family association, but these rules were changed. Initially, contestants were required to answer questions posed in Chinese, but by 1965, it was recognized that some, especially those who had not grown up in Chinatown, did not possess the necessary bilingual skills and the committee stopped factoring the Chinese language responses into the results. As of 2014, the four scored segments are introduction, talent, swimsuit, and question-and-answer. As of 2024, the swimsuit portion was replaced with a form & fitness section.

The winner of the Miss Chinatown USA title receives a US$10,000 scholarship and, during her reigning year, travels to meet with family associations, officials, and politicians in the United States and abroad as a goodwill ambassador. As a national pageant, the titleholder of Miss Chinatown USA also is eligible to enter the Miss Chinese International Pageant, a contest for women of Chinese descent not residing in China. For instance, Ni Jiang won Miss Chinatown USA in 2008, then competed in Miss Chinese International in early 2009.

The first runner-up for Miss Chinatown USA holds the simultaneous titles of First Princess and Miss Chinese Chamber of Commerce. Third place is named Second Princess. There is a separate award for Miss Talent, given to the contestant who receives the highest talent score.

### Venue

The first Miss Chinatown pageant was held on February 15, 1958, at the Great China Theater. The theater, now renamed as the Great Star, was completed in 1925 to stage Chinese operas and is still showing limited engagements and live performances. Since then, pageants have been held at larger event locations in San Francisco, including the SF Masonic Auditorium (starting in 1959), Palace of Fine Arts Theatre, and Hyatt Regency San Francisco.

Traditionally, a separate coronation ball is staged at a separate venue after the pageant; in 2012, the coronation ball was held at the Hilton San Francisco Union Square. In 2020, the coronation ball was held at the InterContinental San Francisco. For 2022, the pageant and coronation ball occurred on the same night, in the same venue.

## List of Miss Chinatown USA titleholders

| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1958 | June Gong | 周轉娣 | Miami, FL |
| 1959 | Leona Lee | 李麗卿 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1960 | Carole Ng | 吳惠芳 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1961 | Irene Tsu | 諸慧荷 | New York, NY |
| 1962 | Darrah Lau | 劉淑卿 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1963 | Shirley Fong | 鄺秋娥 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1964 | Josie Leong | 梁雁玲 | Sacramento, CA |
| 1965 | Mary Tom | 譚雅倫 | Jamaica, NY |
| 1966 | Jacquelyn Chun | 陳韻媛 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1967 | Marilyn Lew | 劉嫚蘭 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1968 | Betty Wong | 黃珍瓊 | Sacramento, CA |
| 1969 | Carole Young | 楊小薇 | San Francisco, CA |
| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| 1970 | Marion Lee | 李金燕 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1971 | Linda Shen | 沈元元 | Minneapolis, MN |
| 1972 | Trudy Young | 容蓮愛 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1973 | Sandra L. Wong | 黃艷愛 | Oakland, CA |
| 1974 | Pamela Fong | 鄺素蘭 | Sacramento, CA |
| 1975 | Jeannie Fung | 馮亦明 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1976 | Linda Sue Chun | 陳桂媛 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1977 | Sandra L.Q. Mew | 繆麗昆 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1978 | Stephanie Ann Lee | 李儀寶 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1979 | Glenda Tang | 鄧靜雯 | Columbia, SC |
| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| 1980 | Ronda Ching | 程慧珍 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1981 | Rose Chung | 張艷珍 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1982 | Stephanie L. Shiu | 邵小媚 | Lemoore, CA |
| 1983 | Sandra Young | 楊碧聯 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1984 | Cynthia Gouw | 吳義菊 | Westwood, CA |
| 1985 | Audrey R. Liao | 廖瑞曼 | Baltimore, MD |
| 1986 | Amy Mae Woo | 胡丁美 | Sunnyvale, CA |
| 1987 | Crystal Lee Kwok | 郭錦恩 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1988 | Sylvia Shim | 沈睡蓮 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1989 | Lisa Chen | 陳毓英 | Montebello, CA |
| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| 1990 | Evelyn Ding | 丁嘉靜 | Houston, TX |
| 1991 | Jennifer Tung | 滕廣霞 | Rodeo, CA |
| 1992 | Melissa M. Wu | 吳美珩 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1993 | Melissa Yeh | 葉貞靖 | Spring, TX |
| 1994 | Ivy Hsu | 許慧馨 | San Jose, CA |
| 1995 | Jamie Chou | 周潔明 | Berkeley, CA |
| 1996 | Grace Maa | 馬友慈 | Belle Mead, NJ |
| 1997 | Lori Young | 楊兆妍 | Honolulu, HI |
| 1998 | Gwendoline Yeo | 楊時賢 | San Francisco, CA |
| 1999 | Karen Chen | 陳 媛 | Union City, CA |

| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Jennifer Lin Hong | 項德慧 | Pearl City, HI |
| 2001 | Pamela Woon | 溫美玲 | Seattle, WA |
| 2002 | Andra Chung | 張 慧 | Cupertino, CA |
| 2003 | Darah Annette Dung | 鄧貴美 | Honolulu, HI |
| 2004 | Shan Chen | 陳 珊 | New York, NY |
| 2005 | Carol Chen | 陳盈璉 | Dallas, TX |
| 2006 | Louise Suzanna Wu | 吳如意 | Fremont, CA |
| 2007 | Betty Hsu | 徐仁惠 | San Francisco, CA |
| 2008 | Ni Jiang | 蔣 妮 | Bellevue, WA |
| 2009 | Cindy Wu
(aka:Cindy Yen) | 吳欣雲/
袁詠琳 | Houston, TX |
| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| 2010 | Crystal Lee | 李萬晴 | San Francisco, CA |
| 2011 | June Quan | 關蓮珠 | San Francisco, CA |
| 2012 | Steffi Hu | 胡瑞欣 | Sugar Land, TX |
| 2013 | Leah Li | 李卓兒 | Mercer Island, WA |
| 2014 | Karen Li | 李凱若 | Houston, TX |
| 2015 | Rose Li | 李思佳 | Houston, TX |
| 2016 | Stephanie Wong | 黃嘉穎 | Millbrae, CA |
| 2017 | Karen Lynn Yang | 楊開潤 | Sugar Land, TX |
| 2018 | Jasmine Lee | 李萬莉 | San Francisco, CA |
| 2019 | Katherine Wu | 吳沛琳 | San Francisco, CA |
| Year | Miss Chinatown USA | | Origin City & State |
| 2020 | Lauren Yang | 楊若潤 | Sugar Land, TX |
| 2021 | *Event cancelled* | | |
| 2022 | Crystal Lee | 李詩濤 | Castro Valley, CA |
| 2023 | Ashlyn Tsui | 徐莊婕 | Redwood City, CA |
| 2024 | Tara Wong-Nash | 黃美華 | Foster City, CA |

## Progress in Miss Chinese International

| Year | Representative | Representing
City & State | Placement/Progress in MCI | Placement in MCU | Year in MCU |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | Tammy Lee | Seattle, WA | 1st Runner-Up | Tammy Lee (Miss Chinese Chamber of Commerce 1988) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1988. | |
| 1989 | Yu Ping Fan | Seattle, WA | Top 5 | Yu Ping Fan (unplaced in MCU 1989) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1989. | |
| 1990 | *No Pageant Held* | | | | |
| 1991 | Deanna Leung | Seattle, WA |  | Deanna Leung (unplaced in MCU 1990) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1990. | |
| 1992 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1993 | Stephanie Chang | Seattle, WA | Top 12 | Stephanie Chang (Miss Chinatown USA Third Princess 1992) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1992. | |
| 1994 | I-Man Chao | Seattle, WA | 2nd Runner-Up | I-Man Chao (Miss Chinese Chamber of Commerce 1993) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1993. | |
| 1995 | Susan Chao | Seattle, WA |  | Susan Chao (unplaced in MCU 1994) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1994. | |
| 1996 | Melissa M. Wu | San Francisco, CA | 1st Runner-Up | Winner | 1992 |
| | Winnie Young | Hong Kong, HK | Top 10 | Winnie Young (Miss San Francisco 1991) competed as Miss Hong Kong 1995. | |
| | Wen Sun | Seattle, WA |  | Wen Sun (unplaced in MCU 1995) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1995. | |
| 1997 | Jamie Chou | San Francisco, CA |  | Winner | 1995 |
| 1998 | Louisa Luk | San Francisco, CA | **Winner** | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 1997 |
| 1999 | Alice Tam | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 1994 |
| | Yan Wang | Seattle, WA |  | Yan Wang (unplaced in MCU 1998) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 1998. | |
| 2000 | Karen Chen | San Francisco, CA |  | Winner | 1999 |
| 2001 | Valerie Foo | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2000 |
| 2002 | Pamela Woon | Seattle, WA |  | Winner | 2001 |
| | Michelle Lum | San Francisco, CA |  | 3rd Princess | 2001 |
| 2003 | *No Representative* | | | | |
| 2004 | *No Representative* | | | | |
| 2005 | Annie Chang | San Francisco, CA | Top 5 | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2004 |
| | Fala Chen | New York, NY | 1st Runner-Up | Fala Chen (Miss Chinese Chamber of Commerce 2003) competed as Miss Chinese New York 2005. | |
| 2006 | *No Representative* | | | | |
| 2007 | Louise Wu | San Francisco, CA | Top 10 | Winner | 2006 |
| 2008 | *No Representative* | | | | |
| 2009 | Ni Jiang | Seattle, WA | Top 5 | Winner | 2008 |
| | Louisa Liu | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2007 |
| 2010 | Amy Chu | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2009 |
| 2011 | *No Pageant Held* | | | | |
| 2012 | *No Representative* | | | | |
| 2013 | Samantha Ark Chin | Seattle, WA |  | Samantha Ark Chin (unplaced in MCU 2010) competed as Miss Seattle Chinatown 2007. | |
| 2014 | Amanda Lee | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss Chinese Chamber of Commerce (1st Runner-Up) | 2012 |
| 2015 | Leah Li | Seattle, WA | Top 3 in National Costume | Winner | 2013 |
| | Shirley Liu | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2014 |
| 2016 | *No Representative* | | | | |
| 2017 | Stephanie Wong | San Francisco, CA | Top 10
Top 4 in Talent Performance | Winner | 2016 |
| 2018 | Rose Li | New York, NY | **Winner** | Rose Li (Miss Chinatown USA 2015) competed as Miss Chinese Beauty 2017 (formerly known as Miss Chinese New York). | |
| | Elisa Santos-Ko | San Francisco, CA | Top 10
Live Audience Most Liked Performance Award (Miss Talent) | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2017 |
| 2019 | Stephanie Wang | Honolulu, HI | 1st Runner-Up | Stephanie Wang (Miss Chinatown USA Second Princess 2017) competed as Miss Chinatown Hawaii 2017. | |
| | Maggie Huang | San Francisco, CA |  | Miss San Francisco (2nd Runner-Up) | 2018 |
| 2020 | *Pageant deferred to 2021* | | | | |

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Miss Chinatown U.S.A. | |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 contestants. Center, seated is Crystal Lee, winner of Miss Chinatown USA 2010 and Miss California 2013. | |
| Date | February 23, 2024 |
| Sponsor | Thunder Valley Casino |
| Winner | Tara Wong-Nash (2024) |
| 1st Princess / Miss Chinese Chamber of Commerce | Grace Zhang (2024) |
| 2nd Princess | Alice Yu (2024) |


title: Misterton (Bassetlaw electoral ward)

abstract: Misterton is an electoral ward in the district of Bassetlaw. The ward elects one councillor to Bassetlaw District Council using the first past the post electoral system for a four-year term in office. The number of registered voters in the ward is 2,013 as of 2019. It consists of the villages of Misterton and West Stockwith. The ward was created in 1979 following a review of ward boundaries in Bassetlaw by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England.

text:
# Misterton (Bassetlaw electoral ward)

**Misterton** is an electoral ward in the district of Bassetlaw. The ward elects one councillor to Bassetlaw District Council using the first past the post electoral system for a four-year term in office. The number of registered voters in the ward is 2,013 as of 2019.

It consists of the villages of Misterton and West Stockwith.

The ward was created in 1979 following a review of ward boundaries in Bassetlaw by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England.

## Councillors

Interactive map of ward boundaries.

The ward elects one councillor every four years. Prior to 2015, Bassetlaw District Council was elected by thirds with elections taking place every year except the year in which elections to Nottinghamshire County Council took place.

| Election | Councillor | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1979 |  | F. Wright (Independent) |
| 1982 | | |
| 1986 | | |
| 1990 |  | Jose Barry (Labour) |
| 1994 | | |
| 1998 | | |
| 2002 | | |
| 2006 |  | Raymond Simpson (Conservative) |
| 2010 |  | Hazel Brand (Independent) |
| 2014 | | |
| 2015 | | |
| 2019 | | |
| 2023 | | |

## Elections

### 2023

Misterton (1)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Hazel Brand (inc)** | **499** | **86.3%** | **4.9%** |
|  | Conservative | Richard Maltby-Azeemi | 79 | 13.7% | 4.9% |
| Turnout | | | 583 | 29.6% |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2019

Misterton (1)
2 May 2019
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | **Hazel Brand\*** | **473** | **81.4%** | **23.3** |
|  | Conservative | Alastair Bowman | 108 | 18.6% | 7.2 |
| Turnout | | | 592 | 29.4% |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
| Registered electors | | | 2,013 |  |  |

### 2015

Misterton (1)
7 May 2015
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | **Hazel Brand** | **744** | **58.1%** |  |
|  | Conservative | James Wood | 331 | 25.8% |  |
|  | UKIP | Charles Capp | 206 | 16.1% |  |
| Turnout | | |  | 65.5% |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2014

Misterton (1)
22 May 2014
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | **Hazel Brand** | **491** | **66.4%** |  |
|  | UKIP | Roger Capp | 150 | 20.3% |  |
|  | Conservative | Simon Taylor | 98 | 13.3% |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |

### 2010

Misterton (1)
6 May 2010
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | **Hazel Brand** | **773** | **58.2%** |  |
|  | Conservative | Raymond Simpson | 554 | 41.8% |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,327 | 68.4% |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,958 |  |  |
|  | Independent **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### 2006

Misterton (1)
4 May 2006
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | **Raymond Simpson** | **321** | **50.7%** |  |
|  | Labour | Jose Barry | 312 | 49.3% |  |
| Turnout | | | 633 | 33.1% |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,915 |  |  |

### 2002

Misterton (1)
2 May 2002
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | **Jose Barry** | **368** | **65.0%** |  |
|  | Conservative | John Ogle | 198 | 35.0% |  |
| Turnout | | | 559 | 30.5% |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,834 |  |  |
|  | Labour **win** (new seat) | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Misterton | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral ward | |
|  | |
| Electorate | 2,013 (2019) |
| District |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Postcode district | DN10 |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Councillors | 1 |
|


title: Girl Meets Farm

abstract: Girl Meets Farm is an American cooking show that airs on Food Network, and is presented by cookbook author Molly Yeh. The series features Yeh cooking Midwestern farm meals sometimes influenced by her Jewish and Chinese heritage, primarily at her farm on the Minnesota-North Dakota border. Girl Meets Farm officially premiered on June 24, 2018. The show was renewed for a third season on March 12, 2019, which premiered on March 31.

text:
# Girl Meets Farm

***Girl Meets Farm*** is an American cooking show that airs on Food Network, and is presented by cookbook author Molly Yeh. The series features Yeh cooking Midwestern farm meals sometimes influenced by her Jewish and Chinese heritage, primarily at her farm on the Minnesota-North Dakota border.

*Girl Meets Farm* officially premiered on June 24, 2018. The show was renewed for a third season on March 12, 2019, which premiered on March 31.

## Episodes

### Season 1 (2018)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Farm Brunch Anniversary" | June 24, 2018 (2018-06-24) |
| 2 | 2 | "New Farm Traditions" | July 1, 2018 (2018-07-01) |
| 3 | 3 | "Girl's Brunch" | July 8, 2018 (2018-07-08) |
| 4 | 4 | "Baby Shower" | July 15, 2018 (2018-07-15) |
| 5 | 5 | "Mom Comes to Town" | July 22, 2018 (2018-07-22) |
| 6 | 6 | "Farm Suppers" | July 29, 2018 (2018-07-29) |
| 7 | 7 | "Chinese Family Faves" | August 5, 2018 (2018-08-05) |

### Season 2 (2018)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 | 1 | "Harvest Party" | November 11, 2018 (2018-11-11) |
| 9 | 2 | "Thanksgiving" | November 18, 2018 (2018-11-18) |
| 10 | 3 | "Entertaining the Girls" | November 25, 2018 (2018-11-25) |
| 11 | 4 | "Holiday Spirit" | December 2, 2018 (2018-12-02) |
| 12 | 5 | "Apple Harvest" | December 9, 2018 (2018-12-09) |
| 13 | 6 | "Mom on the Farm" | December 16, 2018 (2018-12-16) |
| 14 | 7 | "Ladies Who Brunch" | December 30, 2018 (2018-12-30) |
| 15 | 8 | "Healthy New Year" | January 8, 2019 (2019-01-08) |
| 16 | 9 | "Pizza Friday" | January 13, 2019 (2019-01-13) |
| 17 | 10 | "Pantry Faves" | January 20, 2019 (2019-01-20) |
| 18 | 11 | "Chinese New Year" | January 27, 2019 (2019-01-27) |
| 19 | 12 | "Big Game" | February 3, 2019 (2019-02-03) |
| 20 | 13 | "Birthday Boys" | February 10, 2019 (2019-02-10) |

### Season 3 (2019)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 | 1 | "New Classics" | March 31, 2019 (2019-03-31) |
| 22 | 2 | "Make Ahead Meals" | April 2, 2019 (2019-04-02) |
| 23 | 3 | "Taco Night Twist" | April 5, 2019 (2019-04-05) |
| 24 | 4 | "Sprint Feast" | April 13, 2019 (2019-04-13) |
| 25 | 5 | "Molly's Baby Shower" | April 21, 2019 (2019-04-21) |
| 26 | 6 | "Generational Goodies" | April 21, 2019 (2019-04-21) |

### Season 4 (2019)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 | 1 | "New Mom Life" | September 15, 2019 (2019-09-15) |
| 28 | 2 | "Jewish New Year" | September 22, 2019 (2019-09-22) |
| 29 | 3 | "Girl Meets Grill" | September 29, 2019 (2019-09-29) |
| 30 | 4 | "Midwest Octoberfest" | October 6, 2019 (2019-10-06) |
| 31 | 5 | "Wheat Harvest" | October 13, 2019 (2019-10-13) |
| 32 | 6 | "Falafel Night" | October 20, 2019 (2019-10-20) |
| 33 | 7 | "Halloween" | October 27, 2019 (2019-10-27) |

1. Feller, Madison (June 21, 2018). "Food Blogger Molly Yeh Built an Empire on Rainbow Sprinkles. Now She Has Her Own Show". *Elle*. Hearst Communications. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
2. Gihring, Tim (February 24, 2017). "Molly Yeh's Rise to Celebrity Chef Fame". *Minnesota Monthly*. Greenspring Media. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
3. Leite, David (October 12, 2016). "From Juilliard to rural Minnesota: Molly Yeh's unlikely culinary path | The Splendid Table". *The Splendid Table*. American Public Media. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
4. "Girl Meets Farm TV Show: News, Videos, Full Episodes and More | TV Guide". *TV Guide*. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
5. "'Girl Meets Farm' Renewed For Season 3 On Food Network + Premiere Date". *RenewCancelTV*. March 13, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
6. "Episodes | Girl Meets Farm | Food Network". *Food Network*. Scripps Networks Interactive. Retrieved November 11, 2018.

## InfoBox

| *Girl Meets Farm* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre |  |
| Starring | Molly Yeh |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 12 |
| No. of episodes | 143 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Bodega Pictures |
| Running time | 22:00 |
| Original release | |
| Network | Food Network |
| Release | June 24, 2018 (2018-06-24)
present |


title: Mizumaki, Fukuoka

abstract: Mizumaki is a town located in Onga District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2024, the town had an estimated population of 27,571 in 13687 households, and a population density of 2500 persons per km². The total area of the town is 11.01 km⁲ (4.25 sq mi).

text:
# Mizumaki, Fukuoka

**Mizumaki** (水巻町, *Mizumaki-machi*) is a town located in Onga District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2024, the town had an estimated population of 27,571 in 13687 households, and a population density of 2500 persons per km². The total area of the town is 11.01 km2 (4.25 sq mi).

## Geography

Mizumaki is located in north-central Fukuoka Prefecture, bordered by Kitakyūshū City on the east and the Onga River on the west.

### Neighboring municipalities

Fukuoka Prefecture

### Climate

Mizumaki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen *Cfa*) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Mizumaki is 16.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1560 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around 5.7 °C.

### Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Mizumaki is as shown below

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 24,740 |  |
| 1950 | 31,386 | +26.9% |
| 1960 | 34,927 | +11.3% |
| 1970 | 26,977 | −22.8% |
| 1980 | 27,196 | +0.8% |
| 1990 | 29,756 | +9.4% |
| 2000 | 31,623 | +6.3% |
| 2010 | 30,028 | −5.0% |
| 2020 | 28,114 | −6.4% |

## History

The area of Mizumaki was part of ancient Chikuzen Province. About 3000 years ago, the large Ko-Onga Bay covered the area where the town of Mizumaki now lies. Soil and silt carried by the Onga River gradually built up until a flat plain was built up in the area. People began living and planting rice crops on that ground. Terrible floods continually plagued the area. During the Edo Period the area was under the control of Fukuoka Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the village of Mizumaki was established on May 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. Mizumaki was raised to town status on February 1, 1940.

Mizumaki was the site of "Japan Coal Mining Company, Onga Coal Mine" which used forced laborers in the mine, particularly Dutch, American and British POWs in World War II. A memorial called "The Memorial Cross " commemorates the allied POWs who died during the war.

## Government

Mizumaki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members. Mizumaki, collectively with the other municipalities of Onga District, contributes two members to the Fukuoka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of the Fukuoka 8th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

During the Meiji period, Mizumaki, along with the municipalities of the Chikuho area, developed with the Kitakyushu industrial zone through coal mining, and is still considered part of to the Greater Kitakyushu Metropolitan Area. However, as the demand for coal decreased due to the energy revolution, the coal mines that had sponsored prosperity have closed, leading to depopulation. The population continued to decline as coal mines closed. However, as the city began to develop as a commuter town by taking advantage of its location near Kitakyushu City,

## Education

Mizumaki has five public elementary schools and two public junior high schools operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.

## Transportation

### Railways

JR Kyushu \- Kagoshima Main Line

JA Mizumaki

JR Kyushu \- Chikuhō Main Line

JC Higashi-Mizumaki

### Highways

## InfoBox

| Mizumaki 水巻町 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Mizumaki Town hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Mizumaki in Fukuoka Prefecture | |
|  | |
| MizumakiLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 33°51′17″N 130°41′42″E / 33.85472°N 130.69500°E / 33.85472; 130.69500 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kyushu |
| Prefecture | Fukuoka |
| District | Onga |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.01 km2 (4.25 sq mi) |
| Population (February 29, 2024) | |
| Total | 27,571 |
| Density | 2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| City hall address | 1-1-1 Suekita, Mizumaki-cho, Onga-gun, Fukuoka-ken 807-0021 |
| Website | Official website |
|  | |
| Symbols | |
|  | |
| Flower | Cosmos |
| Tree | Ginkgo |
|  | |


title: Mixosiphonata

abstract: Mixosiphonata is an extinct order of nautiloids that lived from the Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. It currently includes the genera Boggyoceras, Zhuravlevia, and possibly Ctenobactrites. They were the latest surviving orthoconic nautiloids, which had otherwise gone extinct in the Late Triassic.

text:
# Mixosiphonata

**Mixosiphonata** is an extinct order of nautiloids that lived from the Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. It currently includes the genera *Boggyoceras*, *Zhuravlevia*, and possibly *Ctenobactrites*. They were the latest surviving orthoconic nautiloids, which had otherwise gone extinct in the Late Triassic.

## InfoBox

| Mixosiphonata
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Subclass: | Nautiloidea |
| Order: | Mixosiphonata
Mutvei, 2017 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Mixopsis

abstract: Mixopsis is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

text:
# Mixopsis

***Mixopsis*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Mixopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | ***Mixopsis*** |
|


title: USS Wyoming (SSBN-742)

abstract: USS Wyoming (SSBN-742) is a United States Navy Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine which has been in commission since 1996. She is the fourth US Navy ship to be named USS Wyoming, although it was only the third named after the state of Wyoming. The contract to build Wyoming was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of the General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 18 October 1989 and her keel was laid down there on 8 August 1991. She was launched on 15 July 1995, sponsored by Mrs. Monika B. Owens, and commissioned on 13 July 1996.

text:
# USS Wyoming (SSBN-742)

**USS *Wyoming* (SSBN-742)** is a United States Navy *Ohio*-class ballistic missile submarine which has been in commission since 1996. She is the fourth US Navy ship to be named USS *Wyoming*, although it was only the third named after the state of Wyoming.

The contract to build *Wyoming* was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of the General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 18 October 1989 and her keel was laid down there on 8 August 1991. She was launched on 15 July 1995, sponsored by Mrs. Monika B. Owens, and commissioned on 13 July 1996.

## Service history

### 1990s

On 26 July 1996, *Wyoming* arrived at Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base, Georgia, becoming the ninth submarine to be home-ported there.

### 2010s

On 6 June 2012, *Wyoming* participated in a historic medevac exercise with a Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey making a 12,000 nautical mile flight to collect a stretcher from the submarine.

On 7 January 2018, she arrived at Norfolk Naval Shipyard to begin a 27-month overhaul to include midlife refueling, technological upgrades, and new berthing spaces for enlisted women.

#### Shower video scandal

In 2011, *Wyoming* became one of the first four submarines to take on female officers. During patrols from August to November 2013 and March to June 2014, four women were secretly recorded in the shower changing room, including midshipmen and officers assigned to the boat. Up to twelve male sailors, all petty officers, were implicated, though it is believed that only one of them made the recordings with a smartphone, and then shared them. Of the twelve sailors that were investigated, ten were prosecuted and convicted, with sentences ranging from prison time to reductions in pay.

### 2020s

On 9 October 2020, she completed her 27-month overhaul and returned to Kings Bay, GA.

On 17 September 2021, *Wyoming* conducted a successful, two-missile test flight of unarmed life-extended Trident II (D5LE) missiles on the Eastern Test Range off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida.

*Wyoming* conducted an exchange of command at sea in January 2022. "This regularly scheduled exchange of command at sea demonstrates the continuity and operational flexibility of our sea-based nuclear deterrence operations and our ready, reliable ballistic-submarine force," said a Navy spokesperson.

On 24 March 2022 *Wyoming* became the first ballistic submarine in US Navy history to complete a deterrent patrol with enlisted females as part of the crew.

1. Boat Pages – USS Wyoming (SSBN 742) Archived 16 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine
2. "SSBN-726 Ohio-Class FBM Submarines". Federation of American Scientists. 9 February 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
3. Frost, Peter. "Newport News contract awarded". *Daily Press*. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
4. "US study of reactor and fuel types to enable naval reactors to shift from HEU fuel". *Fissile Materials*. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
5. Brendan Patrick Hanlon (July 2015). *Validation of the Use of Low Enriched Uranium as a Replacement for Highly Enriched Uranium in US Submarine Reactors* (PDF) (Master thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
6. "Submarine Frequently Asked Questions". *Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division*. Archived from the original on 13 July 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
7. Kington, Tom. "‘Handful’ of Foreign Countries Eyeing V-22 Purchases, Program Manager Says." *Defense News*, 9 July 2012.
8. Vergakis, Brock (2 February 2018). "Ballistic-missile submarine USS Wyoming's life being extended in Portsmouth". *Pilot Online*. The Virginia Pilot. Archived from the original on 15 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
9. "12 sailors implicated in submarine shower scandal". navytimes.com. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
10. "Navy Women Were Secretly Filmed Showering for Almost a Year Before Someone Said Something". gawker.com. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
11. "Submarine USS Wyoming returns after 27-month overhaul". *UPI*. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
12. "USS Wyoming Successfully Tests Trident II D5LE Missiles". United States Navy. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
13. "USS Wyoming exchanges command, crew at sea". *Stars and Stripes*. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
14. Berumen, Ashley. "USS Wyoming women make history during ballistic-missile submarine patrol". *U.S. Strategic Command*. United States Navy. Retrieved 8 December 2022.

Eight hours of interviews and footage captured by C-SPAN cameras during 24 hours spent on *Wyoming*:

## InfoBox

USS *Wyoming* (SSBN-742)
| USS *Wyoming* (SSBN-742) approaches Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay on 9 January 2009. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Namesake | State of Wyoming |
| Ordered | 18 October 1989 |
| Builder | General Dynamics Electric Boat, Groton, Connecticut |
| Laid down | 8 August 1991 |
| Launched | 15 July 1995 |
| Sponsored by | Mrs. Monika B. Owens |
| Commissioned | 13 July 1996 |
| Homeport | Kings Bay, GA |
| Motto |  |
| Status | in active service |
| Badge |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Ohio*-class ballistic missile submarine |
| Displacement | * 16,764 long tons (17,033 t) surfaced * 18,750 long tons (19,050 t) submerged |
| Length | 560 ft (170 m) |
| Beam | 42 ft (13 m) |
| Draft | 38 ft (12 m) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | Greater than 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) |
| Test depth | Greater than 800 feet (240 m) |
| Complement |  |
| Armament |  |


title: USS Wyoming (1859)

abstract: The first USS Wyoming of the United States Navy was a wooden-hulled screw sloop that fought on the Union side during the American Civil War. Sent to the Pacific Ocean to search for the CSS Alabama, Wyoming eventually came upon the shores of Japan and engaged Japanese land and sea forces. On 16 July 1863, Wyoming won the first-ever United States naval victory over Japan in the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits.

text:
# USS Wyoming (1859)

The first **USS *Wyoming*** of the United States Navy was a wooden-hulled screw sloop that fought on the Union side during the American Civil War. Sent to the Pacific Ocean to search for the CSS *Alabama*, *Wyoming* eventually came upon the shores of Japan and engaged Japanese land and sea forces. On 16 July 1863, *Wyoming* won the first-ever United States naval victory over Japan in the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits.

## Service history

The ship was laid down at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in July 1858, launched on 19 January 1859, sponsored by Mary Florida Grice, and commissioned in October 1859, Commander John K. Mitchell in command. She was named for the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, not the state of Wyoming which did not yet exist.

### West Coast, 18591862

*Wyoming* soon sailed via Cape Horn for the Pacific and arrived off the coast of Nicaragua in April 1860. There, she relieved *Levant* and operated along the Pacific coast of the United States and Central America into the spring of 1861. During that time, she participated in the search for *Levant* when that warship disappeared in the late autumn of 1860.

The outbreak of the Civil War found *Wyoming* at San Francisco, California, preparing for another cruise. She was instructed to remain in the vicinity of the Golden Gate to protect mail steamers operating off the California coast, but CDR Mitchell  a naval officer of Southern origin and persuasion  defied his orders and took his ship to Panama instead.

Mitchell's flagrant disobedience cost him his command and also resulted in his dismissal from the service. As a result, *Wyoming* came under the temporary command of her executive officer, Lt. Francis K. Murray, on 4 July 1861. While returning to Monterey, California, *Wyoming* was plagued by mishaps. First, her bottom struck a coral head off La Paz, Baja California Sur, and was pulled free only after three days aground during which she lost her false keel. She then ran short of coal and arrived at Monterey with empty bunkers.

*Wyoming* subsequently shifted to San Francisco where, on 9 August, she received a new commanding officer, Commander David McDougal. The warship then proceeded to the coast of Lower California to protect American whaling interests against possible incursions by Confederate cruisers. After that service, she operated in South American waters into 1862.

### Far East, 18621863

Following repairs at Mare Island, *Wyoming* received orders  dated 16 June 1862  to proceed immediately to the Far East in search of "armed piratical cruisers fitted out by the rebels" and soon headed west, bound for the Orient.

Word of the Union ship's subsequent appearance in Far Eastern waters spread fast and far. In the Sunda Strait, off Java, Captain Raphael Semmes, the commanding officer of Confederate cruiser *Alabama*, learned from an English brig of *Wyoming's* arrival in the East Indies; and a Dutch trader later confirmed this report. On 26 October, Semmes wrote confidently in his journal that "*Wyoming* is a good match for this ship," and "I have resolved to give her battle. She is reported to be cruising under sail  probably with banked fires  and anchors, no doubt, under Krakatoa every night, and I hope to surprise her, the moon being near its full."

Although in their search for each other, *Wyoming* and *Alabama* unknowingly came close to each other, they never met; and it would be up to another Union warship, the sloop *Kearsarge*, to destroy the elusive Confederate raider. Yet, despite being unsuccessful in tracking down Confederate cruisers, *Wyoming* did render important service to uphold the honor of the American flag in the Far East the following year, 1863.

Ordered to Philadelphia that spring  after what had been a largely fruitless cruise  *Wyoming* was in the midst of preparations to leave the East Indies when an event occurred that changed her plans.

### The Battle of the Straits of Shimonoseki, 1863

On 10 May 1863, *Wyoming* at Yokohama, Japan. Attempts by HMS *Bouncer* to refloat her were unsuccessful as the tide was falling. She was refloated the next day and taken in to *Yokohama*. *Wyoming* was stationed there as a show of force, standing by to protect American lives and property during an outbreak of anti-foreign agitation in Japan. Nevertheless, that agitation continued into the early summer months, as the *sonnō jōi* movement grew in strength with increasing resentment by the Japanese to the terms of the recent unequal treaties signed with the western powers. Emperor Kōmei issued a decree setting 25 June 1863 as the date for the expulsion of all aliens from Japan.

Although the Tokugawa shogunate was largely powerless to force compliance with this directive, the powerful pro-*sonnō jōi* daimyō of Chōshū Domain, the Mōri Takachika took the decree literally and decided to attack foreign ships passing through the Straits of Shimonoseki, which the domain regarded as part of its territory.

At one o'clock on the morning of 26 June, two armed vessels of Chōshū Domain attacked the American merchantman *Pembroke*, bound for Nagasaki and Shanghai, as she lay anchored in the Strait of Shimonoseki. *Pembroke* suffered no casualties; got underway; and moved out of danger, escaping via Bungo Strait and continuing her voyage for Shanghai, post-haste, without making her scheduled stop at Nagasaki.

Word of the incident did not reach Yokohama from Japanese sources until 10 July. That evening, mail from Shanghai brought "authentic information" confirming the Japanese report. The United States Minister in Japan, Robert H. Pruyn, sent for the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Japanese government and informed him  in the presence of Comdr. McDougal  of the gravity of the situation, stressing that an insult to the American flag was a serious matter. After being told by Pruyn that the United States government would demand satisfaction and expect a statement from the Japanese concerning the offense, the Japanese diplomat begged that the Americans do nothing until his government at Edo took action.

After the Japanese left, McDougal told Pruyn that he had decided to proceed instantly to the Shimonoseki Strait to seize and, if necessary, to destroy, the offending vessels. The two men agreed that lack of punitive action would encourage further anti-foreign incidents.

Accordingly, *Wyoming* prepared for sea. At 4:45 a.m. on 13 July, CDR McDougal called all hands; and the sloop got underway 15 minutes later, bound for the strait. After a two-day voyage, *Wyoming* arrived off the island of Himeshima on the evening of 15 July and anchored off the south side of that island.

At five o'clock the following morning, *Wyoming* weighed anchor and steamed toward the Strait of Shimonoseki. She went to general quarters at nine, loaded her pivot guns with shell, and cleared for action. The warship entered the strait at 10:45 and beat to quarters. Soon, three signal guns boomed from the landward, alerting the Chōshū coastal artillery batteries and warships of *Wyoming's* arrival.

At about 11:15, after being fired upon from the shore batteries, *Wyoming* hoisted her colors and replied with her 11-inch pivot guns. Momentarily ignoring the batteries, McDougal ordered *Wyoming* to continue steaming toward a bark, a steamer, and a brig at anchor off the town of Shimonoseki. Meanwhile, four shore batteries took the warship under fire. *Wyoming* answered the Japanese cannon "as fast as the guns could be brought to bear" while shells from the shore guns passed through her rigging.

*Wyoming* then passed between the brig and the bark on the starboard hand and the steamer on the port, steaming within a pistol shot's range. One shot from either the bark or brig struck near *Wyoming's* forward broadside gun, killing two men and wounding four. Elsewhere on the ship, a Marine was struck dead by a piece of shrapnel.

*Wyoming*, in hostile territory, then grounded in uncharted waters shortly after she had made one run past the forts. The Japanese steamer, in the meantime, had slipped her cable and headed directly for *Wyoming*  possibly to attempt a boarding. The American man-of-war, however, managed to work free of the mud and then unleashed her 11-inch Dahlgren guns on the enemy ship, hulling and damaging her severely. Two well-directed shots exploded her boilers and, as she began to sink, her crew abandoned the ship.

*Wyoming* then passed the bark and the brig, firing into them steadily and methodically. Some shells were "overs" and landed in the town ashore, setting it on fire. As Comdr. McDougal wrote in his report to Gideon Welles on 23 July, "the punishment inflicted (upon the daimyo) and in store for him will, I trust, teach him a lesson that will not soon be forgotten."

After having been in combat for a little over an hour, *Wyoming* returned to Yokohama. She had been hulled 11 times, with considerable damage to her smokestack and rigging. Her casualties had been comparatively light: four men killed and seven wounded  one of whom later died. Significantly, *Wyoming* had been the first foreign warship to take offensive action to uphold treaty rights in Japan.

### Hunting the raiders, 18631864

However, the ship's projected return to Philadelphia did not materialize due to the supposed continued presence of *Alabama* in Far Eastern waters. She repaired her damages, resumed the search and sailed to the Dutch East Indies. She subsequently voyaged to Christmas Island, examining it to determine whether or not it was used as a supply base for "the use of rebel cruisers." Finding the island uninhabited and the report of its use as a supply base unfounded, *Wyoming* returned to Anjer, Java, where McDougal found out, to his surprise, that *Alabama* had passed the Sunda Strait on 10 November  only a day after *Wyoming* had sailed for Christmas Island. At noon that day, *Alabama* and *Wyoming* had been only 25 miles apart.

Writing from Batavia on 22 November, McDougal later reported that *Wyoming* had scoured the waters of the East Indies, visiting "every place in this neighborhood where she (*Alabama*) would likely lay in case she intended to remain in this region." Although acknowledging that the condition of *Wyoming's* boilers prevented a heavy pressure of steam from being carried, McDougal promised to make every effort in his power to find and capture *Alabama*.

*Wyoming* then cruised to Singapore in search of the Confederate raider, but found nothing, and continued on to the Dutch settlement of Rhio, near Sunda Strait. She subsequently sailed north, putting into Cavite, Luzon, in the Philippine Islands, on Christmas Eve. There, through the courtesy of the Spanish Navy, *Wyoming* underwent much-needed boiler repairs and coaled. She then sailed for Hong Kong and Huangpu, China.

*Wyoming* continued her search for the elusive *Alabama* into February 1864. She sailed to Fuzhou, China, to protect American interests and proceeded thence, via Hong Kong, to the East Indies. When the sloop-of-war reached Batavia, however, CDR McDougal found that there was now no alternative but to return to the United States for repairs, because the ship's boilers were in such poor condition. Accordingly, *Wyoming* began her long-delayed return voyage to the United States, via Anjer, the Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, and St. Thomas. After a voyage of almost three months, she arrived at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 13 July 1864; having completed a circumnavigation of the globe begun when she left that port following her commissioning.

The presence of CSS *Florida* off the East Coast, however, meant another change in plans for the weary *Wyoming*. Commodore Cornelius Stribling, Commandant of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, ordered the newly arrived screw sloop to sea to search for *Florida*. "It is with regret that I send you on this service," Stribling wrote McDougal, "After so long a cruise, and one in which you have rendered such important service, yourself, officers and crew, were entitled to a respite from active service; but the great importance of capturing the rebel privateer will, I hope, be an incentive to all under your command cheerfully to perform this service."

Although *Wyoming* required extensive repairs, she nevertheless sailed. As events proved, however, *Wyoming's* machinery  so long from repairs in an American Navy Yard  proved unequal to the strain. For five days, the ship attempted to carry out the orders given her  contending with fresh northeast winds and a head sea  but returned to Philadelphia on 19 July, due to a leaky boiler. She was decommissioned on 23 July for a complete overhaul.

### East Indies Station, 18651868

Recommissioned on 11 April 1865, Comdr. John P. Bankhead in command, *Wyoming* proceeded to the East Indies Station, via Cape Horn, and reached Singapore on 25 September 1865, in time to participate in the search for CSS *Shenandoah*, a Confederate raider which remained at sea for one month after the end of the Civil War. Following service on the East Indies Station into 1866, the screw sloop-of-war was made part of the Asiatic Squadron with that unit's establishment in 1867.

Sailing from Yokohama on 28 April 1867, *Wyoming* headed for the island of Formosa (Taiwan). On 13 June, she participated in a punitive expedition against Formosan natives who had murdered the crew of the American merchant bark *Rover* that had been wrecked off the coast of Formosa a short time before. During that action, she sent a landing party ashore in company with one from the sloop *Hartford*.

Subsequently, returning to the United States having performed her last service in the Far East, *Wyoming* was decommissioned on 10 February 1868 and placed "in ordinary" at Boston, Massachusetts. After extensive repairs at Portsmouth Navy Yard, during 1870 and into 1871, *Wyoming* was recommissioned on 14 November 1871, Comdr. John L. Davis in command.

### North Atlantic Station, 18721878

From 1872 to 1874, *Wyoming* operated on the North Atlantic Station. Her ports of call included Havana, Cuba; Key West, Florida.; Aspinwall, Panama; Santiago, Cuba; Kingston, Jamaica; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Key West; Hampton Roads, Va.; and New Bedford, Mass. After that tour of duty, cruising and "showing the flag" in the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, *Wyoming* was decommissioned at the Washington Navy Yard on 30 April 1874 and remained laid up there for the next two years.

In 1876, the Wyoming was deployed to the Potomac river in order to defend Washington DC at rumors of an invasion by Southern separatists after the controversial election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden.

The veteran screw sloop-of-war became the receiving ship at Washington in 1877 and apparently served in that capacity into early the following year. Recommissioned on 20 November 1877, *Wyoming* left Washington, loaded articles for the Paris Exposition, and departed the East Coast of the United States on 6 April 1878, bound for France. After discharging the cargo at Le Havre, France, the ship visited Rouen, France, and Southampton, England, before she departed the latter port on 25 June and headed for the United States. She reached Norfolk on 22 August, shifted to Washington in mid-September, and to New York in early November, before she sailed on 26 November for the European Station.

### European Station, 18781881

*Wyoming* reached Villefranche, France, near the port of Nice, on Christmas Eve 1878 and remained there into 1879 before getting underway for Smyrna on 24 January 1879. *Wyoming* remained in the Mediterranean into November 1880, touching at many of the more famous ports in that historic body of water  and in the Black Sea  before heading home late in 1880.

*Wyoming* returned to the United States in early 1881, arriving at Hampton Roads on 21 May. She sailed for Beaufort, S.C., on 15 June and thence proceeded to Annapolis, Md.

Decommissioned on 30 October 1882 and turned over to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy, *Wyoming* spent the next decade employed as a practice ship for midshipmen. Later taken to Norfolk, Va., she was sold at the port on 9 May 1892 to E. J. Butler, of Arlington, Massachusetts.

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Wyoming* |
| Laid down | July 1858 |
| Launched | 19 January 1859 |
| Commissioned | October 1859 |
| Decommissioned | 30 October 1882 |
| Fate | Sold, 9 May 1892 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Screw sloop |
| Displacement | 1,457 long tons (1,480 t) |
| Length | 198 ft 6 in (60.50 m) |
| Beam | 33 ft 2 in (10.11 m) |
| Draft | 14 ft 10 in (4.52 m) |
| Propulsion | Steam engine |
| Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
| Complement | 198 officers and enlisted |
| Armament |  |


title: Mission Hill School

abstract: The Mission Hill School was a small preK–8 public pilot school in the Mission Hill and Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1997 by Deborah Meier, Elizabeth Knox Taylor, and colleagues, the school was administered by the Boston Public Schools. Meier has publicized the school in many of her works.

text:
# Mission Hill School

The **Mission Hill School** was a small preK–8 public pilot school in the Mission Hill and Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1997 by Deborah Meier, Elizabeth Knox Taylor, and colleagues, the school was administered by the Boston Public Schools. Meier has publicized the school in many of her works.

## Overview

The Mission Hill School was a member of the Coalition of Essential Schools. The school had a diverse student body of approximately 220 students, with democratic decision-making at the school and classroom levels, a curricular focus on five democratic "Habits of Mind", school-wide thematic units, a strong emphasis on the arts, and graduation from the school upon creating and defending portfolios of student work for a panel of evaluators. Students were admitted to the school based on a lottery, within the choice system of the Boston Public Schools (with consideration given to whether families lived within the "walk zone" and whether a sibling already attended the school, among other factors). Graduates were found to achieve academic success in high school and college at high rates, and the school was studied worldwide for its methodology.

### *In Schools We Trust* book

In 2002, Meier's book *In Schools We Trust* included substantial attention to the Mission Hill School. It argued that the current climate of high-stakes testing makes running a school like Mission Hill much more difficult. She also wrote about the school in her books, *Will Standards Save Public Education?* (2000) *Keeping School: Letters to Families from Principals of Two Small Schools* (with Ted and Nancy Sizer, 2005), *Playing for Keeps: Life and Learning on a Public School Playground* (with Beth Taylor and Brenda Engel, 2010), and *Teaching in Themes: An Approach to Schoolwide Learning, Creating Community, and Differentiating Instruction* (co-edited with Matthew Knoester, Katherine Clunis D'Andrea). The school is also the focus of the book by Matthew Knoester *Democratic Education in Practice: Inside the Mission Hill School* (2012), as well as the 2014 documentary "Good Morning Mission Hill," directed by Tom and Amy Valens. Mission Hill School published a periodic newsletter for the school community, including reflections by staff, students, and family members; digital copies of some issues of the newsletter are available through the Boston City Archives and the MHS website. The school was controversially moved to a different location within Boston in 2012, despite resistance from the school community.

### 2021 lawsuit and 2022 closure

In 2021, the City of Boston settled a lawsuit for over $650,000 with several families regarding unaddressed sexual misconduct against their children from other students. In 2021, BPS removed several administrators and teachers from the school and took over operations after additional allegations. In 2022, following an investigation by law firm Hinckley Allen into allegations of failure to properly address bullying and sexual misconduct between students and neglecting students with disabilities, Boston Public Schools superintendent Brenda Cassellius recommended permanently closing the school at the conclusion of the 2021–2022 academic year. Mayor Michelle Wu and many city officials also voiced their support for closure. Despite organizing efforts by some family members, staff, students, and community members, on May 5, 2022, the Boston School Committee voted 5-0 (with one member abstaining and one member absent) to close the school at the end of the 2021–2022 school year in June 2022. Many Mission Hill School family members, teachers, and students criticized Boston Public Schools' lack of transparency throughout the investigation, falsehoods in the dominant narratives promoted by Boston Public Schools and local media, and the harmful impacts of the decision to close the school. Still other families were in support of the closure.

42°18′26.1″N 71°6′50.2″W / 42.307250°N 71.113944°W / 42.307250; -71.113944

## InfoBox

| Mission Hill School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 20 Child Street
Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
United States | |
| Information | |
| School type | Public pilot school |
| Founded | 1997 (1997) |
| Founder | Deborah Meier |
| Closed | 2022 (2022) |
| School board | MHS Governance Board |
| Authority | Boston Public Schools |
| Principal | Valeria Lowe-Barehmi (at time of closure) |
| Grades | PreK |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Enrollment | 227 (2015–16) |
| Education system | Progressive education
Democratic education |
| Language | English |
| Publication | *MHS News* |
| Affiliations | Coalition of Essential Schools |
| Website | www.missionhillschool.org |


title: Udea prunalis

abstract: Udea prunalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in Europe and China. The species was first described by Matthew Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. In the Butterfly Conservation's Microlepidoptera Report 2011 this species was classified as common in the UK. The wingspan is 23–26 mm The forewings are fuscous-grey, base brownish; first line indistinct, second serrate, blackish, curved, with a narrow deep sinuation inwards below middle, on dorsum whitish-edged posteriorly; orbicular and 8-shaped discal spots darker grey; costa posteriorly spotted with darker and sometimes whitish. Hindwings are fuscous-grey, apex darker;two dark fuscous discal dots; a faint second line. The larva is bright deep green; subdorsal line shining white; head grey-whitish. The moth flies from June to August depending on location. The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants, shrubs and deciduous trees.

text:
# Udea prunalis

***Udea prunalis*** is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in Europe and China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang). The species was first described by Matthew Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. In the Butterfly Conservation's Microlepidoptera Report 2011 this species was classified as common in the UK.

The wingspan is 23–26 mm The forewings are fuscous-grey, base brownish; first line indistinct, second serrate, blackish, curved, with a narrow deep sinuation inwards below middle, on dorsum whitish-edged posteriorly; orbicular and 8-shaped discal spots darker grey; costa posteriorly spotted with darker and sometimes whitish. Hindwings are fuscous-grey, apex darker;two dark fuscous discal dots; a faint second line. The larva is bright deep green; subdorsal line shining white; head grey-whitish.

The moth flies from June to August depending on location.

The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants, shrubs and deciduous trees.

## InfoBox

| *Udea prunalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Imago | |
|  | |
| Caterpillar on wych elm (*Ulmus glabra*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. prunalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea prunalis***<br>(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyralis prunalis* Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 * *Pyralis ferruginalis* Fabricius, 1781 * *Udea obscura* Dufrane, 1955 * *Phalaena nivealis* Fabricius, 1781 * *Phalaena Pyralis ferruginalis* Villers, 1789 * *Pyralis leucophaealis* Hübner, 1796 | |


title: Mo Denis

abstract: Moises Denis is an American politician who served as President pro tempore of the Nevada Senate between 2016 and 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the 2nd district in the Nevada Senate between 2010 and 2022, covering parts of the eastern Las Vegas Valley. He was previously a member of the Nevada Assembly from 2004 to 2010, representing Assembly District 28 in the same area.

text:
# Mo Denis

**Moises Denis** (born August 9, 1961) is an American politician who served as President *pro tempore* of the Nevada Senate between 2016 and 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the 2nd district in the Nevada Senate between 2010 and 2022, covering parts of the eastern Las Vegas Valley. He was previously a member of the Nevada Assembly from 2004 to 2010, representing Assembly District 28 in the same area.

## Biography

Denis was born in New York City to parents who had immigrated from Cuba. Denis is Mormon. He served a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Uruguay. He studied at Brigham Young University. He has also served as a bishop in the LDS Church as well as in other positions. He is a cousin of United States Senator from Florida Marco Rubio. In 2019, an interview with Denis' sister stated that she was concerned for those unable to afford housing and living out of their cars. Denis is a computer technician.

## Political career

Denis served three terms in the Nevada Assembly from 2004 to 2010, and served three term as a state senator between 2010 and 2022. He has frequently run unopposed or won lopsided victories. Denis led his caucus' re-election efforts in the 2012 cycle and served as Senate Majority Leader from 2013 to 2014. In December 2011, Denis resigned from his job with the Nevada Public Utilities Commission following an alleged conflict between his executive and legislative roles. Denis is the first Latino person to serve as Majority Leader of the Nevada Senate (or leader of any caucus).

## Electoral history

* **2018** Denis was unopposed in the primary election. He defeated Republican candidate Cal Border in the general election with 13,717 votes (79.50%).
* **2014** Denis was unopposed in the primary election. He defeated Independent American Party candidate Louis Baker in the general election with 5,683 votes (76.37%).
* **2010** Incumbent Senator Maggie Carlton was term-limited out of Senate District 2, which overlapped with Denis' Assembly district. Denis ran to replace her and was unopposed in both the primary and general elections.
* **2008** Denis was unopposed in the primary. He defeated Republican candidate Tino Mendoza in the general election with 4,664 votes (78.86%).
* **2006** Denis was unopposed in both the primary and general elections.
* **2004** After incumbent Vonne Chowning did not seek re-election in Assembly District 28, Denis won the primary with 800 votes (51.38%) against Eddie Flores and Rosa Mendoza. He then won the general election with 4,218 votes (75.51%) against Republican nominee Benjamin Bell.
* **2002** Denis ran in the Democratic primary for Assembly District 28, but was defeated by incumbent Assemblywoman Vonne Chowning who had 601 votes (52.72%) compared to Denis' 539 votes (47.28%).

## InfoBox

| Mo Denis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| President pro tempore of the Nevada Senate | |
| **In office**
November 9, 2016  November 9, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Joe Hardy |
| Succeeded by | Pat Spearman |
| President of the Nevada Senate | |
| **Acting** | |
| **In office**
September 17, 2021  December 16, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Kate Marshall |
| Succeeded by | Lisa Cano Burkhead |
| Majority Leader of the Nevada Senate | |
| **In office**
February 4, 2013  November 5, 2014 | |
| Preceded by | Steven Horsford |
| Succeeded by | Michael Roberson |
| Member of the Nevada Senate
from the 2nd district | |
| **In office**
November 3, 2010  November 9, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Maggie Carlton |
| Succeeded by | Edgar Flores |
| Member of the Nevada Assembly
from the 28th district | |
| **In office**
November 3, 2004  November 3, 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Vonne Chowning |
| Succeeded by | Lucy Flores |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-08-09) August 9, 1961
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Susan Cook |
| Children | 5 |
| Education | Brigham Young University (BA) |
|  | |


title: Miyakea zhengi

abstract: Miyakea zhengi is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by W. Li and H. Li in 2007. It is found in West Taiwan. The length of the forewings is 16.5–18 mm.

text:
# Miyakea zhengi

***Miyakea zhengi*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by W. Li and H. Li in 2007. It is found in (China (Tibet)) West Taiwan.

The length of the forewings is 16.5–18 mm.

## Etymology

The species is named in honor of Professor Zheng Zhe-Min, a Chinese entomologist.

## InfoBox

| *Miyakea zhengi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Crambini |
| Genus: | *Miyakea* |
| Species: | ***M. zhengi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Miyakea zhengi***<br>W. Li & H. Li, 2007 | |
|


title: Underneath the Colours

abstract: Underneath the Colours is the second studio album by Australian rock band INXS. It was released in Australia in 19 October 1981 on the Deluxe Records label and reached No 15 on the Australian album charts.

text:
# Underneath the Colours

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *(The New)Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

***Underneath the Colours*** is the second studio album by Australian rock band INXS. It was released in Australia in 19 October 1981 on the Deluxe Records label and reached No 15 on the Australian album charts.

## Background

In 1981, INXS signed Gary Grant as their tour manager, who then became co-manager a year later. Between touring commitments, the band released their third single in May 1981, "The Loved One", which was a cover of a 1966 song by Australian group The Loved Ones. The song was recorded at Studios 301 in Sydney, produced by Richard Clapton, and peaked in the Top 20.

The success of the single led to Clapton and the band returning to Studios 301 between July and August 1981 to create their second studio album. The album was released on 19 October 1981 and became a hit in Australia peaking at No. 15.

It was with this album that Michael Hutchence's songwriting started to mature and the band started to find a unique sound. Included were political songs and their very first ballad. It was released outside Australia and New Zealand in 1984, as the band were gaining momentum in their success.

Kirk Pengilly said of the album, "It was very difficult for us. We'd toured the first album and then we had to come up with a follow-up. We weren't really prepared for it and I think the album suffered a bit because of that." Alternately, Hutchence said he was very happy with the album: "The first album was a cheapie, but with this one we had time to spend. We had Richard Clapton producing and he was a big help. We looked at things from a straight studio perspective."

The first single from the album was "Stay Young" in October, which reached No 21 on the Australian Singles chart in November, it was followed by "Night of Rebellion" in January 1982. In July 1982, INXS signed a new deal with WEA Australia for releases in Australia, South East Asia, Japan and New Zealand; with sister label Atco Records (a subsidiary of Atlantic Records) for North America and with PolyGram for United Kingdom and the rest of Europe.

The cover is an uncredited linocut by British artist Cyril Power titled Folk Dance.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Stay Young" | Andrew Farriss, Michael Hutchence | 3:25 |
| 2. | "Horizons" | A. Farriss, Hutchence | 5:13 |
| 3. | "Big Go Go" | Garry Gary Beers, A. Farriss, Jon Farriss, Tim Farriss, Hutchence, Kirk Pengilly | 3:12 |
| 4. | "Underneath the Colours" | A. Farriss, Hutchence | 3:59 |
| 5. | "Fair Weather Ahead" | Beers, A. Farriss, J. Farriss, T. Farriss, Hutchence, Pengilly | 4:21 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Night of Rebellion" | A. Farriss, Hutchence, Pengilly | 3:44 |
| 7. | "Follow" | Hutchence, Pengilly | 3:53 |
| 8. | "Barbarian" | Beers, A. Farriss, J. Farriss, T. Farriss, Hutchence, Pengilly | 3:00 |
| 9. | "What Would You Do" | Beers, A. Farriss, J. Farriss, T. Farriss, Hutchence, Pengilly | 3:08 |
| 10. | "Just to Learn Again" | Beers, A. Farriss, Hutchence | 4:43 |
| Total length: | | | 38:35 |

## Personnel

**INXS**

**Additional musicians**

* Keith Casey – percussion (3, 10)
* Karen Ansel – backing vocals (1, 3)
* Dave Mason – backing vocals (1, 3)

**Production**

* INXS – arrangements
* Richard Clapton – producer
* Alex Vertikoff – engineer
* David Walsh – second engineer
* Paul Ibbotson – mastering at Festival Studios (Sydney, Australia)
* Art '79 – front cover artwork
* Garry Gary Beers – photography
* Jon Farriss – photography
* Tim Farriss – photography

## Charts

Chart performance for *Underneath the Colours*
| Chart (1981–1982) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 15 |

## InfoBox

| Underneath the Colours | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by INXS | |
| Released | 19 October 1981 |
| Recorded | July–August 1981 |
| Studio | Studios 301
Paradise Studios (Sydney, Australia). |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 38:35 |
| Label | Deluxe, Mercury |
| Producer | Richard Clapton |
| INXS chronology | |
| *INXS*
(1980) ***Underneath the Colours***
(1981) *INXSIVE*
(1982) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Underneath the Colours* | |
| 1. "Stay Young"
Released: September 1981 2. "Night of Rebellion"
Released: January 1982 3. "Underneath the Colours"
Released: January 1982 | |
|  | |


title: Giovanni Delfino (cardinal)

abstract: Giovanni Dolfin was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, writer and playwright, Patriarch of Aquileia from 1657 to his death.

text:
# Giovanni Delfino (cardinal)

**Giovanni Dolfin** (or Delfino) (Venice, 22 April 1617 - Udine, 20 July 1699) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, writer and playwright, Patriarch of Aquileia from 1657 to his death.

## Biography

The nephew of Giovanni Delfino seniore, he received a comprehensive cultural education and graduated *in utroque iure* at the University of Padua. He was at first senator of the Republic of Venice, then, after various ecclesiastical duties he was consecrated titular bishop of Tagaste on 30 November 1656 by Carlo Carafa della Spina, Bishop of Aversa. In 1656 Girolamo Gradenigo wanted him as coadjutor in the Patriarchate of Aquileia. He succeeded him as patriarch two years later. He governed the patriarchate through his brother and nephew, who were his coadjutors with right of succession.

On the request of the Republic of Venice, on 18 July 1667 Pope Alexander VII appointed him Cardinal-Priest of San Salvatore in Lauro and then Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia. He was commendatory abbot of Rosazzo from 1668 until his death.

He took part in the conclave of 1667, that of 1669–1670, that of 1676, that of 1689 and finally that of 1691; during the latter he was among the principal papabili, but his election was blocked by the Spaniards who did not see favorably a Venetian on the papal throne.

While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Alvise Sagredo, Patriarch of Venice (1678). He is buried in the tomb of his ancestors in the church of San Michele in Isola.

## Works

Delfino's literary activity begun in his university years in Padua. Today he is chiefly remembered for his four plays. He wrote three historical tragedies based on the traditional Counter-Reformation conflict between reason of state and love or personal ethics: *Cleopatra*, *Lucrezia*, *Creso*; and a free adaptation from the *Orlando Furioso*, *Medoro*, all printed posthumously. Delfino contributed to the controversy over the propriety of rhyme in tragedy, and himself used less rhyme in his later works.

Although well known and appreciated in intellectually distinguished circles, Delfino chose not to publish his works during his lifetime. The *Cleopatra* was first printed in Scipione Maffei's collection *Teatro italiano*. The four tragedies were published in Utrecht in 1730 and re-edited in a much more correct edition by Comino in Padua in 1733 together with an apologetic *Dialogo sopra le tragedie*, in which he advocated a neoclassical reform of tragedy.

Delfino wrote six Dialogues in verse on philosophical and scientific questions that were published posthumously in Venice in 1740. He left two manuscripts containing ten philosophical and scientific Dialogues in prose. Delfino appears to be very well versed in the New Science, discusses Pierre Gassendi’s and Galileo’s theories, Lucretius' atomism, the philosophy of Franciscus Patricius and Francis Bacon and the scientific and philosophical ideas of Fortunio Liceti and Athanasius Kircher. His vivid writing style was much appreciated by Orazio Rucellai and Carlo Roberto Dati. Only one of his prose Dialogues - dedicated to astronomy \- has been published.

He wrote also poems on celebratory, heroic or meditative subjects and ethical and political remarks on Sallust's *Bellum Catilinae* and Tacitus's *Agricola*.

Delfino was made a member of the Accademia Galileiana on April 3, 1645, and of the Accademia della Crusca on September 27, 1667. His correspondents included, among others: the poets Ciro di Pers, and Michelangelo Torcigliani, the Emperor Leopold I, the *Generalfeldmarschall* Raimondo Montecuccoli, the Cardinal Giulio Rospigliosi (famous poet and future Pope Clement IX) and the Jesuit philosopher and Cardinal Francesco Sforza Pallavicino.

## List of works

* *Parnaso del'Em.mo Cardinal Delfino*. Vol. 1. Utrecht: Willem Kroon. 1730.
* *Parnaso del'Em.mo Cardinal Delfino*. Vol. 2. Utrecht: Willem Kroon. 1730.
* *Le tragedie di Giovanni Delfino senatore veneziano, poi patriarca d'Aquileja, e cardinale di Santa Chiesa, cioè La Cleopatra, Il Creso, La Lucrezia, Il Medoro, ora la prima volta alla sua vera lezione ridotte; e illustrate col Dialogo apologetico dell'autore, non piu stampato*. Padua: Giuseppe Comino. 1733.

## Bibliography

* B. CHIURLO, *I manoscritti letterari del patriarca Giovanni Delfino*, «Archivio veneto», s. 5, XXIV (1939), 121-71;
* F. ANSELMO, *Giovanni Delfino tra classico e barocco*, Messina, 1962.
* D. DELLA VALLE, *Il neostoicismo in una tragedia barocca italiana. La* Cleopatra *del cardinal Delfino*, in *La frattura. Studi sul barocco letterario francese*, Ravenna, 1970, 306-17;
* M. SARNELLI, *«Ed a me piacque sempre / filosofar con libertà...» i sei dialoghi filosofico-scientifici in poesia di Giovanni Delfino*, «Philo(:)logica», IV/7 (1995), 66-89 and 8, 96-118;
* SARNELLI, M. (1996). ""Maravigliosa chiarezza", "raccomandazioni" e "mal di pietra": il carteggio Delfino-Pers". *Studi secenteschi*. **37**: 225–315.
* TADDEO, E. (1999). "Torcigliani e Delfino, patriarca atomista". *Studi secenteschi*. **40**: 83–95.

### Works cited

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Giovanni Delfino | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia
Patriarch of Aquileia | |
| Giovanni Delfino | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 30 November 1656
by Carlo Carafa della Spina |
| Created cardinal | 18 July 1667
by Pope Alexander VII |
| Rank |  |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 April 1617
Venice, Republic of Venice |
| Died | 19 July 1699 (age 82)
Udine, Republic of Venice |
| Alma mater | University of Padua |


title: Girolamo Brusoni

abstract: Girolamo Brusoni was an Italian Baroque writer. He was originally a Carthusian monk, but ran away from the order and was imprisoned.

text:
# Girolamo Brusoni

**Girolamo Brusoni** (1614–after 1686) was an Italian Baroque writer. He was originally a Carthusian monk, but ran away from the order and was imprisoned.

## Biography

Girolamo Brusoni was born in Badia Polesine in 1614. He studied the humanities at Ferrara and graduated in philosophy at the University of Padua. Having entered the Carthusians, he ran away from the convent no less than three times. Forgiven for the first evasion, he was arrested after the second. Whilst a prisoner in Venice, he received from a friend a manuscript copy of a satire, entitled, *La Maschera Scoperta*, written by the father Angelico Aprosio of Ventimiglia against Arcangela Tarabotti. Brusoni, who was in great distress, copied the work and sent it to her. Thanks to powerful and influential friends, Tarabotti was able to block the publication of the text. This fact brought to an end the friendship between Brusoni and Aprosio. Aprosio wrote a defence of his work which contained the most bitter charges against Brusoni; and it seems that others, too, published still more violent satires against him, amongst which is a volume of about 200 pages, entitled *Il Rovescio di Girolamo Brusoni*. After recovering his liberty, he lived for a long time in Venice, where he became a member of the Accademia degli Incogniti with the pseudonym of Aggirato and befriended Ferrante Pallavicino. Later, Brusoni wrote a short biography of his friend, which was included in the latter's posthumous edition of selected works.

From 1676 to 1686, he served the House of Savoy as a historiographer. The year of his death is not known.

## Works

He wrote a wide variety of literary, historical, and political works, mostly during his time in the Accademia degli Incogniti. Of the large number of his works, of which Mazzucchelli gives the catalogue, fifty-one have been printed. Amongst them there are:

* *La Fuggitiva*, Venice, 1640. This is a novel in four books, in which, under feigned names, are related the adventures of Pellegrina Bonaventuri, daughter of the famous Bianca Cappello, and wife of Count Ulisse Bentivoglio Manzoli, a nobleman of Bologna.
* *II Camerotto*, Venice, 1645, a collection of prose and verse, of facetious nature, divided into three parts, written by him during his imprisonment at Venice, where the prisons are so-called.
* *II perfetto Elucidario Poetico*, Lovisa, 1712.
* *Historia dell'ultima guerra tra Veneziani e Turchi, nella quale si contengono i successi delle passate guerre nei regni di Candia e Dalmazia, dall'anno 1644 fino al 1671*, Venice, 1673. It has passed, with additions, through several editions. Against the work, in which Brusoni had spoken ill of the knights of Malta, Carlo Magri wrote a work, entitled, *Il Valor Maltese difeso contro le Calunnie di Girolamo Brusoni*, Roma, 1667.
* *Lettera sopra un Libello infame, intitolato, L'Onore Riparato dalla Verità, a Difesa d'Angelo Tarachia già Segretario di Stato e di presente carcerato ed inquisito di materie atroci di Maestà lesa*, Mantua, without any date. In this letter, Brusoni tried to contradict the charge of having been one of the calumniators of Angelo Tarachia, secretary of state of the Duke of Mantua Charles II Gonzaga, who, though innocent, had been imprisoned and accused of high treason.
* *La Vita di Ferrante Pallavicini*, published in Venice, 1651, under Brusoni's academic name of Aggirato.
* *La gondola a tre remi* (The Three-Oared Gondola, 1657); *Il carozzino alla moda* (The Fashionable Carriage, 1658); and *La peota smarrita* (The Lost Boat, 1662). This trilogy of novels, whose protagonist, the Venetian patrician Glisomiro, is an autobiographical projection of the author, is considered Brusoni's masterpiece.

## Bibliography


title: Girolamo Buonvisi

abstract: Girolamo Buonvisi (1607–1677) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal.

text:
# Girolamo Buonvisi

**Girolamo Buonvisi** (1607–1677) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal.

## Biography

On 30 Jul 1651, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Pace, with Giambattista Spada, Titular Patriarch of Constantinople, and Carlo Carafa della Spina, Bishop of Aversa, serving as co-consecrators.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Girolamo Buonvisi | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal-Priest of San Girolamo dei Croati | |
|  | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 30 Jul 1651
by Marcantonio Franciotti |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 May 1607
Lucca, Italy |
| Died | 21 Feb 1677 (age 69) |


title: Ulrich of Zell

abstract: Ulrich of Zell, also known as Wulderic, sometimes of Cluny or of Regensburg, was a Cluniac reformer of Germany, abbot, founder and saint.

text:
# Ulrich of Zell

**Ulrich of Zell**, also known as **Wulderic**, sometimes **of Cluny** or **of Regensburg** (c. 1029  1093), was a Cluniac reformer of Germany, abbot, founder and saint.

## Life

Ulrich was born at Regensburg in Bavaria (formerly also known as Ratisbon) in early 1029. His father Bernhold was from Bavaria; his mother Bucca from Swabia, a niece of Bishop Gebhard II of Regensburg and also related to Ulrich of Augsburg. Pious and wealthy, they were childless for many years and made a pilgrimage to Magnus of Füssen, vowing to dedicate a son to the religious life.

Ulrich was probably educated at the school of St. Emmeram's Abbey, along with William of Hirsau, with whom he remained friends throughout his life, but in 1043 he was called to the court of his godfather, Henry III, King of the Germans where he acted as page to Queen Agnes, who was of the ducal house of Aquitaine, patrons of the reforming Abbey of Cluny. Ulrich later had to leave the court because his father had been accused of collaborating with enemies from Hungary and had been executed.

Ordained deacon by his uncle Nidger, Bishop of Freising, he was made archdeacon and provost of the cathedral there, but was deeply moved by the spirit of reform that was sweeping from Cluny through the 11th century church. On his return from a journey to Rome he distributed his possessions to the poor, made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and, after another short visit to Rome, returned to Regensburg, where he founded a religious community, and then entered the Abbey of Cluny in 1061. Here he soon became personal secretary to Abbot Hugo.

Here he was ordained priest and Hugo commissioned Ulrich to spread the Cluny reforms. He was appointed confessor to the convent at Mareigny in the diocese of Autun, and prior of the community of men in the same place. He also lost an eye and was obliged to return to Cluny.

## Later life

Om 1082 Ulrich was named prior at Peterlingen (now Payerne) in the Diocese of Lausanne. He took part in the synod in 1084 that elected Gebhard III, bishop of Basel. The following year, due to troubles with Bishop Burchard von Oltingen, a partisan of Henry IV, whom he had accused of breaking celibacy, Ulrich returned again to Cluny, where he acted as adviser to the abbot. Around 1072 Lütold of Rümligen granted to Cluny property and estates around Rüeggisberg. Ulrich as sent to establish a priory. During the construction period he lived in a cave, the "Pfaffenloch". Rüeggisberg became the first Cluniac priory in German-speaking lands. He then went to Augsburg to reform St. Ulrich's and St. Afra's Abbey. The project failed because the population drove Ulrich out of the city.

Ulrich took over an already existing monastic community, founded before 1072 on the Tuniberg by Hesso of Eichstetten and Rimsingen. sometime between 1077 and 1080 Kloster Tuniberg moved to Grüningen. Not finding the locality suitable, he and his monks moved in 1087 to Zell, in the Möhlin valley, where there had previously been a cell of the Abbey of Saint Gall. Ulrich's high reputation soon brought him many disciples. He enjoyed the good opinion of Bishop Gebhard, whom he probably helped in reforming the monastery of St. Alban. In 1090 he established Bollschweil Priory, a Cluniac nunnery at *Bolesweiler* (now Bollschweil), about a mile from Zell. Around 1090, Ulrich went blind, resigned as prior in St. Ulrich, but refused the offer to return to Cluny for the sake of better care.

He died at Zell, later known as St. Ulrich im Schwarzwald, probably on 10 July 1093. He was buried in the cloister, but three years later his body was brought into the church.

## Veneration

Around 1300, the village of Zell was renamed St. Ulrich in honour of the monastery founder. Ulrich's memory is commemorated at the annual three-day festival in St. Ulrich with a varied programme.

His feast was celebrated for the first time on 14 July 1139, and 14 July remains his feast day.

## Works

His work *Consuetudines cluniacenses* (*"Uses of Cluny"*) was composed at the request of William of Hirsau, in three books. The first two, written between 1079 and 1082, treat of liturgy and the education of novices; the third, written not later than 1087, speaks of the administration of monasteries.

His life of Hermann of Zähringen, Margrave of Baden, later a monk of Cluny, is lost.

## Biographies

Two biographies of him exist: the first (with selected passages from the "Vita posterior") was written anonymously around 1109 by a monk of Zell at the request of Adalbert, a recluse near Regensburg; the other (the *Vita posterior*), also anonymous, was written between 1109 and 1130. Particulars of his life are also contained in his writings.

## Literature

* Michael Buhlmann: Benediktinisches Mönchtum im mittelalterlichen Schwarzwald. Ein Lexikon. Vortrag beim Schwarzwaldverein St. Georgen e.V., St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, 10. November 2004, Teil 2: N–Z (= Vertex Alemanniae, H. 10/2), S. 102.
* Dieter Heck: Ulrich von Zell. Der Reform verpflichtet (Hagiographie/Ikonographie/Volkskunde; Nr. 105). Schnell + Steiner, München und Zürich 1992.
* Johannes Madey: Ulrich von Zell. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 19, Bautz, Nordhausen 2001, ISBN 3-88309-089-1, Sp. 1453–1455.
* Florian Lamke: Cluniazenser am Oberrhein. Konfliktlösungen und adlige Gruppenbildung in der Zeit des Investiturstreits (= Forschungen zur oberrheinischen Landesgeschichte, Bd. 54), Freiburg / München 2009, bes. S. 136–152.
* Wolfgang Müller: St. Ulrich. In: Die Benediktinerklöster in Baden-Württemberg. (= Germania Benedictina, Bd. 5), Ottobeuren 1976, S. 615
* E. Tremp: Ulrich von Zell. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters (LexMA). Band 8, LexMA-Verlag, München 1997, ISBN 3-89659-908-9, Sp. 1205–1026.

## Sources

* *Lexikon des Mittelalters,* vol. 8, ed. E. Tremp, Stuttgart, 1997. "Ulrich von Zell"

## InfoBox

| Saint
Ulrich of Zell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Abbot | |
| Born | c.1029
Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany |
| Died | 10 July 1093
St. Ulrich im Schwarzwald, in Bollschweil, Germany |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 14 July 1139 (first celebration of feast day) |
| Feast | 14 July |


title: Unfinished Business (Ash vs Evil Dead)

abstract: "Unfinished Business" is the fourth episode of the third season of the American comedy horror television series Ash vs Evil Dead, which serves as a continuation of the Evil Dead trilogy. It is the 24th overall episode of the series and was written by supervising producer Nicki Paluga, and directed by Daniel Nettheim. It originally aired on the premium channel Starz on March 18, 2018. The series is set 30 years after the events of the Evil Dead trilogy, and follows Ash Williams, who now works at the "Value Stop" as a simple stock boy. Having spent his life not doing anything remarkable since the events of the trilogy, Ash will have to renounce his routine existence and become a hero once more by taking up arms and facing the titular Evil Dead. In the episode, Ash is taken by the ghost of his father to experience a memory for vital information. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.179 million household viewers and gained a 0.06 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received positive reviews from critics, who praised the episode's narrative, revelations and make-up.

text:
# Unfinished Business (Ash vs Evil Dead)

"**Unfinished Business**" is the fourth episode of the third season of the American comedy horror television series *Ash vs Evil Dead*, which serves as a continuation of the *Evil Dead* trilogy. It is the 24th overall episode of the series and was written by supervising producer Nicki Paluga, and directed by Daniel Nettheim. It originally aired on the premium channel Starz on March 18, 2018.

The series is set 30 years after the events of the *Evil Dead* trilogy, and follows Ash Williams, who now works at the "Value Stop" as a simple stock boy. Having spent his life not doing anything remarkable since the events of the trilogy, Ash will have to renounce his routine existence and become a hero once more by taking up arms and facing the titular Evil Dead. In the episode, Ash is taken by the ghost of his father to experience a memory for vital information.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.179 million household viewers and gained a 0.06 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received positive reviews from critics, who praised the episode's narrative, revelations and make-up.

## Plot

As he chops his father's corpse, Ash (Bruce Campbell) is visited by Brock (Lee Majors), who appears as a ghost. Brock wants to explain the "secret" that he was about to tell him before his death. Kelly (Dana DeLorenzo) reaches the house with the dagger, but Ash and Brock already left.

Brandy (Arielle Carver-O'Neill) returns home and encounters Kelly. As they leave, they are attacked by Pablo (Ray Santiago), who has been possessed by the Kandarian Demon. Pablo bits Kelly in the leg to infect her, forcing them to hide in Ash's home trailer. As Pablo fails to get in, Brandy tends to Kelly's wound. Meanwhile, Brock takes Ash back to 2012 to experience one of his memories, where the past Brock was visited at the hardware store by a man named Gary (Will Wallace), who claimed to be a Knight of Sumeria and had the missing pages of the *Necronomicon*. The past Brock dismisses his claims and pushes him down the cellar, seemingly killing him.

Returning to the present, Ash and Brock see that Gary survived the fall but eventually died from starvation. Before dying, he wrote a Sumerian writing on the wall. Ash is attacked by a Deadite presence, which he kills and also waves goodbye to his father before he disappears. The *Necronomicon* alerts Ruby (Lucy Lawless) of a prophecy, which is foretold by the sorceress Kaya (Chelsie Preston Crayford), also being warned that a Rift would open with the new pages. She goes to the woods to retrieve the Deadite Dalton (Lindsay Farris), restoring him to his human state. She pushes him to reveal everything, with Dalton saying they have the dagger. To prevent himself from another resurrection, Dalton takes his gun and shoots himself in the head.

Ash arrives at Ruby's hideout to confront her, but finds the cuffed Natalie (Samantha Young) at her attic as well as Ruby's spawn, now more grown up. Ash tries to release her, but she warns him not to make noise to awaken the spawn. As Ash uses his mechanical hand to save her, it malfunctions and accidentally makes a noise that awakens the spawn. Ash brushes it off, until the spawn makes a superhuman screech that turns off the lights.

## Production

### Development

The episode was written by supervising producer Nicki Paluga, and directed by Daniel Nettheim. It was Paluga's first writing credit, and Nettheim's first directorial credit.

## Reception

### Viewers

In its original American broadcast, "Unfinished Business" was seen by an estimated 0.176 million household viewers and gained a 0.06 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This means that 0.06 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode. This was a slight increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 0.160 million viewers with a 0.08 in the 18-49 demographics.

### Critical reviews

"Unfinished Business" received positive reviews from critics. Michael Roffman of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a "B" grade and wrote, "The series still finds itself creating the same knots the films did, namely in the way it draws out the narrative while paying respect to the past. Which is why you get an episode like 'Unfinished Business' every once in awhile, the type of clean-up chapter that not only clarifies previously outstanding elements but also greases the wheels to get things moving. Because by the end of this episode, things are starting to feel consistent again."

Stephen Harber of *Den of Geek* gave the episode a perfect 5 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "'Unfinished Business' is a condensed piece of television and another impressive achievement for *Ash vs Evil Dead* in general. I've reviewed this series from the very beginning, and never before have I felt the need to re-watch an episode to fully absorb and process. Never would I have thought that I'd have to, either."

Steve Ford of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "All in all, 'Unfinished Business' was a solid installment. We learned some crucial info pertaining to the Book of the Dead and got a chance to see Lee Majors back in action." Bryan Kristopowitz of *411Mania* gave the episode a 8.5 out of 10 rating and wrote, "'Unfinished Business' is probably going to divide fans of the show as the whole 'Brock takes Ash back into the past to show him stuff' sequence is a little goofy, even for a show like *Ash vs. Evil Dead*. I loved it, as the dialogue between Bruce Campbell and Lee Majors is hilarious and it's a terrific showcase for the two performer's comedic chops."

## InfoBox

| "**Unfinished Business**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ash vs Evil Dead* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 3<br>Episode 4 |
| Directed by | Daniel Nettheim |
| Written by | Nicki Paluga |
| Featured music |  |
| Cinematography by | Andrew McGeorge |
| Editing by | Allanah Bazzard |
| Original release date | March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18) |
| Running time | 29 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Girdwood Airport

abstract: Girdwood Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located three miles (5 km) northeast of the central business district of Girdwood, in Anchorage Borough, Alaska, United States. Girdwood Airport also served as the Finish Line for the 12th season of the popular 5-time Emmy winning reality TV show, The Amazing Race.

text:
# Girdwood Airport

60°57′58″N 149°07′33″W / 60.96611°N 149.12583°W / 60.96611; -149.12583

**Girdwood Airport** (IATA: **AQY**, FAA LID: **AQY**) is a state-owned public-use airport located three miles (5 km) northeast of the central business district of Girdwood, in Anchorage Borough, Alaska, United States.

Girdwood Airport also served as the Finish Line for the 12th season of the popular 5-time Emmy winning reality TV show, *The Amazing Race*.

## Facilities and aircraft

Girdwood Airport has one runway designated 2/20 with a gravel surface measuring 2,095 by 60 feet (639 m × 18 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2019, the airport had 4,000 aircraft operations, an average of 11 per day: 50% general aviation and 50% air taxi.

1. "Airline and Location Code Search".
2. FAA Airport Form 5010 for AQY PDF, effective 2021-09-09
3. "California Couple Wins 'Amazing Race'". *The Oklahoman*. January 21, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Girdwood Airport | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking across the apron towards runway 2/20 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | State of Alaska DOT&PF - Central Region |
| Serves | Girdwood, Alaska |
| Elevation AMSL | 150 ft / 46 m |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  2/20 2,095 639 Gravel | |
| Statistics (2019) | |
| Aircraft operations 4,000 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Udsali, Rõuge Parish

abstract: Udsali is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia.

text:
# Udsali, Rõuge Parish

**Udsali** is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia.

## InfoBox

| Udsali, Rõuge Parish | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rõuge-Kurgjärve-Haanja road on the border of Udsali and Vadsa villages | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 57°43′52″N 27°00′18″E / 57.731111111111°N 27.005°E / 57.731111111111; 27.005 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Võru County |
| Parish | Rõuge Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |