title: Frédérick Tristan

abstract: Jean-Paul Frédéric Tristan Baron was a French writer.

text:
# Frédérick Tristan

**Jean-Paul Frédéric Tristan Baron** (11 June 1931 – 2 March 2022) was a French writer.

## Biography

Tristan was born in Sedan, Ardennes, France, on 11 June 1931. He was sent on a mission to Laos, North Vietnam, South Vietnam and China (1964–1986).

In 2000, he explained his work in a series of interviews with the critic Jean-Luc Moreau.

In 1952, he participated in research conducted by Joel Picton. From 1983 to 2001 he was professor of early Christian and Renaissance iconography at ICART (Paris). Tristan is one of the authors named in Jean-Luc Moreau's 1992 manifesto and anthology *La Nouvelle Fiction*, alongside Hubert Haddad, Georges-Olivier Châteaureynaud, François Coupry, Jean Levy, Patrick Carré, and Marc Petit. All seven founding members of this literary movement share a literary heritage of German Romanticism, the English Gothic novel, speculative philosophy, surrealism, spiritualism and the oriental tale to explore Romantic themes such as the soul, fate, the world of dreams, myth and invisible realms.

All of his archives (manuscripts, books published and translated, audio and visual documentation, reviews) are available at IMEC.

Tristan was married to Marie-France Tristan, a specialist on poet Giambattista Marino. He died in France, on 2 March 2022, at the age of 90.

## Awards

## Works

* *Les Égarés*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Naissance d'un spectre*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Le Singe égal du ciel*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *La Geste serpentine*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Balthasar Kober*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Stéphanie Phanistée*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Dieu*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *l'Univers et Madame Berthe*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Les Obsèques prodigieuses d'Abraham Radjec*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Tao le haut voyage*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *L'Énigme du Vatican*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Monsieur l'Enfant et le cercle des bavards*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Dernières nouvelles de l'Au-delà*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Le Chaudron chinois*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *Christos, enquête sur l'impossible*, éditions Fayard (Paris)
* *L'Infini singulier* (qui décrit l’enfance de Adrien Salvat, personage récurrent de l’auteur)

### Poetry

* *L’Ostiaque*
* *L’Anthrope, 1951-1953* (Nouveau Commerce)
* *Passage de l'ombre* (Recherches graphiques)
* *Encres et écritures* (2010). La Finestra

### Essays

* *Les Premières Images chrétiennes: du symbole à l'icône*
* *Les Sociétés secrètes chinoises*
* *Le Monde à l'envers, l'Œil d'Hermès*
* *Anagramme du vide*
* *Don Juan le révolté*

## InfoBox

| Frédérick Tristan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Jean-Paul Frédéric Tristan Baron
(1931-06-11)11 June 1931
Sedan, France |
| Died | 2 March 2022(2022-03-02) (aged 90)
Dreux, France |
| Nationality | French |


title: Turcopalpa africana

abstract: Turcopalpa africana is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1968. It is found in Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and southern Iran.

text:
# Turcopalpa africana

***Turcopalpa africana*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1968. It is found in Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and southern Iran.

## InfoBox

| *Turcopalpa africana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Turcopalpa* |
| Species: | ***T. africana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turcopalpa africana***<br>(Povolný, 1968) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scrobipalpa africana* Povolný, 1968 | |


abstract: The fifty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly opened on 12 September 2001 at the UN Headquarters in New York City. The session opened the day after the September 11 attacks which destroyed the nearby World Trade Center. The president was former Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea Han Seung-soo.

text:
# Fifty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly

The **fifty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly** opened on 12 September 2001 at the UN Headquarters in New York City. The session opened the day after the September 11 attacks which destroyed the nearby World Trade Center. The president was former Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea Han Seung-soo.

## InfoBox

| Fifty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President of the 56th General Assembly, Han Seung-soo | |
| Host country | United Nations |
| Participants | United Nations Member States |
| President | Han Seung-soo |


title: Greenbrier, Alabama

abstract: Greenbrier is an unincorporated community in south eastern Limestone County, Alabama, United States. The population is 30 as of 2020. It is located 5.5 kilometers from the Madison County and Limestone County borders.

text:
# Greenbrier, Alabama

**Greenbrier** is an unincorporated community in south eastern Limestone County, Alabama, United States. The population is 30 as of 2020. It is located 5.5 kilometers from the Madison County and Limestone County borders.

## History

Greenbrier was likely named for Greenbrier, Virginia, since a number of early settlers of the area came from Virginia. A post office was established under the name Green Brier in 1869 and was in operation until 1920. There is a small restaurant located in the north of the community where it is decorated with a mural around the outside perimeters of the building that is open and listed as a landmark.

The community of Greenbrier is located 3.4 miles (5.5km) from the Limestone Madison county borders. The community also is located in between the City of Madison and the City of Athens. South of the community is a railline owned by Norfolk Southern, there is no station in Greenbrier, but there are rail lines leading to the Toyota Mazda plant where car parts will be unloaded and reloaded.

In 2020, a Toyota-Mazda manufacturing plant opened north of Greenbrier, and the road parallel to the plant was extended to 4 lanes.

## InfoBox

| Greenbrier, Alabama | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| GreenbrierGreenbrier | |
| Coordinates: 34°40′15″N 86°50′37″W / 34.67083°N 86.84361°W / 34.67083; -86.84361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama |
| County | Limestone |
| Elevation | 610 ft (186 m) |
| Population (2020 (Estimated)) | |
| Unincorporated community | 30 |
| Metro | 462,693 (Huntsville Metropolitan Area) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 35758 |
| Area code | 256 |
| GNIS feature ID | 119357 |


title: My Heart's in the Highlands (play)

abstract: My Heart's in the Highlands is a one act play by Armenian-American dramatist and author William Saroyan, adapted from his short story, "The Man with the Heart in the Highlands". Saroyan's first play, it is a comedy about a young boy and his Armenian family. It was produced on Broadway at the Guild Theatre.

text:
# My Heart's in the Highlands (play)

***My Heart's in the Highlands*** is a one act play by Armenian-American dramatist and author William Saroyan, adapted from his short story, "The Man with the Heart in the Highlands". Saroyan's first play, it is a comedy about a young boy and his Armenian family. It was produced on Broadway at the Guild Theatre.

## Adaptations

| Title | Country | Year | Length | Language(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Moje je srce visoko u brdima* | Yugoslavia | 1968 | 59 min | Serbo-Croatian |
| *The Play of the Week* | United States | 1960 |  | English |
| *Mijn hart is het Hoogland* | Belgium | 1960 | 90 min | Dutch |
| *В горах моё сердце* (ru) | Soviet Union | 1967 | 40 min | Russian |
| *My Heart Is in the Highlands* | Soviet Union | 1976 | 70 min | Russian, Armenian |
| *Sydämeni on kukkuloilla* | Finland | 1979 |  | Finnish |
|

## Chamber opera

The play was adapted into a chamber opera by U.S. composer Jack Beeson in 1969 and had its world debut on U.S. network National Educational Television, the predecessor of the U.S. Public Broadcasting Service, March 17, 1970. The 90-minute broadcast, directed by pioneering operatic TV director Kirk Browning, was part of the NET Opera Theater series, which aired on NET and then on PBS. The TV broadcast also included, for the first time, simulcast high-fidelity stereo audio. “NET organized links with FM stations throughout the country to broadcast the stereo soundtrack of *My Heart’s in the Highlands* simultaneously with the telecast,” writes Brian G. Rose, professor of communication and media studies at New York’s Fordham University. “By turning off the volume of their televisions and turning on their stereos, home viewers could now have the chance to hear opera with extraordinary fidelity and range. The technique would become an important adjunct of non-commercial television’s music programming from that point onward.”

## InfoBox

My Heart's in the Highlands
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | William Saroyan |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Play |
| Publication date | 1939 |
| Publication place | United States |


title: Virginia State Route 211

abstract: State Route 211 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 5.63 miles (9.06 km) from SR 42 in Timberville east to Interstate 81 (I-81) and U.S. Route 211 in New Market. SR 211 is a state-numbered westward extension of US 211.

text:
# Virginia State Route 211

**State Route 211** (**SR 211**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 5.63 miles (9.06 km) from SR 42 in Timberville east to Interstate 81 (I-81) and U.S. Route 211 (US 211) in New Market. SR 211 is a state-numbered westward extension of US 211.

## Route description

SR 211 begins at an intersection with SR 42 (Main Street) in the town of Timberville. The state highway heads east as two-lane undivided New Market Road, which parallels the North Fork Shenandoah River to the south. SR 211 crosses the RockinghamShenandoah county line and continues as Old Cross Road. The state highway passes to the south of New Market Airport and veers away from the river before meeting the southern end of SR 305 (George Collins Parkway), which provides access to the New Market Battlefield, which commemorates the Civil War Battle of New Market. Just east of SR 305, SR 211 reaches its eastern terminus at its diamond interchange with I-81. Old Cross Road continues east as US 211, which passes through New Market before heading toward Luray and Warrenton.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rockingham | Timberville | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 42 (South Main Street) / SR 1517 (Fourth Street) Broadway, Timberville | Western terminus |
| Shenandoah | New Market | 5.53 | 8.90 | SR 305 (George R. Collins Memorial Parkway) / SR 619 (Miller Avenue) Battlefield Park |  |
| | | 5.63 | 9.06 |
I-81 / US 211 east (Old Cross Road) Mount Jackson, Staunton | I-81 exit 264; eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 211KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 211 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 5.63 mi (9.06 km) |
| Existed | 1977–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | SR 42 in Timberville |
| East end | I-81 / US 211 in New Market |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | Rockingham, Shenandoah |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| US 211   SR 212 | |


title: Virginia State Route 205

abstract: State Route 205 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 18.47 miles (29.72 km) from SR 3 at Purkins Corner east to SR 3 at Oak Grove. SR 205 connects several small communities in eastern King George County and northwestern Westmoreland County. The state highway also passes through the Potomac River resort of Colonial Beach, where the highway has a spur, State Route 205Y.

text:
# Virginia State Route 205

**State Route 205** (**SR 205**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 18.47 miles (29.72 km) from SR 3 at Purkins Corner east to SR 3 at Oak Grove. SR 205 connects several small communities in eastern King George County and northwestern Westmoreland County. The state highway also passes through the Potomac River resort of Colonial Beach, where the highway has a spur, **State Route 205Y** (**SR 205Y**).

## Route description

SR 205 begins at an intersection with SR 3 (Kings Highway) at Purkins Corner a short distance to the east of King George, the county seat of King George County. The state highway heads east as Ridge Road, which follows the height of land between the Upper Machodic Creek watershed to the north and Pine Hill Creek to the south. SR 205 intersects U.S. Route 301 (James Madison Parkway) at Edgehill and passes through Carruthers Corner and Alden. The state highway continues through Ninde before it descends from the ridge to meet the eastern end of SR 218 (Tetotum Road) south of Tetotum just before crossing Pine Hill Creek into Westmoreland County. Just south of the creek, SR 205 meets the northern end of SR 631 (Longfield Road), which functions as a bypass of Colonial Beach.

SR 205 curves northeast to approach the Potomac River shoreline, where the highway crosses Goldman Creek into the town of Colonial Beach. The state highway curves southeast as McKinney Boulevard and passes through the Potomac Beach section of town while running a short distance within the town limits. A short distance north of Monroe Bay, SR 205 has a Y-shaped intersection with SR 205Y (Colonial Avenue). SR 205Y, which has a length of 0.71 miles (1.14 km), serves as the main street of the town and has its eastern terminus at the town's beach terrace about 150 feet (46 m) west of the VirginiaMaryland state line, which follows the low water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. SR 205 curves southwest and exits the town as James Monroe Highway, which passes through Monroe Hall, the site of James Monroe's birthplace. The state highway meets the southern end of SR 631 (Longfield Road) and crosses Mattox Creek at Mattox Bridge. SR 205 reaches its eastern terminus at SR 3 (Kings Highway) at Oak Grove next to St. Peter's Episcopal Church.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| King George | Purkins Corner | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 3 (Kings Highway) Warsaw, King George, Fredericksburg | Western terminus |
| | Edgehill | 1.26 | 2.03 | US 301 (James Madison Parkway) Maryland state line, Bowling Green |  |
| |  | 7.43 | 11.96 |

SR 218 west (Tetotum Road) to US 301 Owens | Eastern terminus of SR 218 |
| Westmoreland | Colonial Beach | 12.76 | 20.54 |
SR 205Y east (Colonial Avenue) Colonial Beach | Western terminus of SR 205Y |
| | Oak Grove | 18.47 | 29.72 | SR 3 (Kings Highway) / SR 638 (Leedstown Road) Kilmarnock, Fredericksburg, King George, Warsaw | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 205KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 205 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 18.47 mi (29.72 km) |
| Existed | 1933–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | SR 3 at Purkins Corner |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | SR 3 / SR 638 at Oak Grove |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | King George, Westmoreland |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 204   SR 206 | |


title: Virginia State Route 210

abstract: State Route 210 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as the Old Town Connector, the state highway runs 3.14 miles (5.05 km) from SR 163 in Madison Heights east to U.S. Route 29 near Madison Heights in southeastern Amherst County.

text:
# Virginia State Route 210

**State Route 210** (**SR 210**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as the **Old Town Connector**, the state highway runs 3.14 miles (5.05 km) from SR 163 in Madison Heights east to U.S. Route 29 (US 29) near Madison Heights in southeastern Amherst County.

## Route description

SR 210 begins at an intersection with SR 163 (Amherst Highway) in Madison Heights on the opposite side of the James River from Lynchburg. The state highway heads east as a two-lane undivided road until just west of its diamond interchange with US 29 Business (Lynchburg Expressway), where the highway expands to a four-lane divided highway. SR 210's next intersection east of the expressway is with SR 334 (Colony Road). SR 334 is the access road to the Central Virginia Training Center, which was formerly the notorious Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded. SR 210 has no cross traffic until its intersection with SR 672 (Riverview Road) just west of its partial cloverleaf interchange with US 29. The state highway reduces to two lanes at the interchange's southbound ramps and reaches its eastern terminus at the northbound US 29 ramps. The roadway continues east as SR 672 (Riverview Road), which serves the peninsula of land within a bend of the James River.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Amherst County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Madison Heights | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 163 (South Amherst Highway) Randolph College | Western terminus |
| | 0.54 | 0.87 |
US 29 Bus. Amherst, Lynchburg, Lynchburg Downtown Historic District | Diamond interchange |
| | 0.73 | 1.17 |
SR 334 south (Colony Road) / SR 622 (Wright Shop Road) Central Virginia Training Center |  |
|  | 3.14 | 5.05 |

US 29 / SR 672 east (Historic Riverview Way) to US 460 Amherst, Appomattox, Danville | interchange; eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 210KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 210 | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Town Connector | |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 3.14 mi (5.05 km) |
| Existed | c. 1960–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | SR 163 in Madison Heights |
| Major intersections |
US 29 Bus. in Madison Heights |
| East end | US 29 near Madison Heights |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | Amherst |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 209   US 211 | |


title: Group Analytic Society

abstract: The Group Analytic Society International was founded in London in 1952 by S. H. Foulkes, Minnie (Jane) Abercrombie and Norbert Elias as a learned society to study and promote the development of Group Analysis in both its clinical and applied aspects. The first regular weekly seminars were given by Foulkes in 1952. Members of the Society come from different countries and from many fields and disciplines, including psychology, sociology, medicine, nursing, social work, counselling, education, industry, architecture, anthropology and theology. The following individuals were Founder Members: Dr. James Anthony, Dr Patrick De Mare, the Hon. W. H. R. Iliffe and S. H. Foulkes. They were joined from the beginning by Minnie Abercrombie, Dr Norbert Elias and Miss E. T. Marx. The Society, which has charitable status, is a learned society and a non-profit organization. It holds regular scientific meetings and organizes various workshops, including an annual one in January. A triennial European symposium is held at various European locations. An annual S. H. Foulkes lecture for a wider public has been held in London since 1977; the lectures are published in the journal Group Analysis.

text:
# Group Analytic Society

The **Group Analytic Society International** was founded in London in 1952 by S. H. Foulkes, Minnie (Jane) Abercrombie and Norbert Elias as a learned society to study and promote the development of Group Analysis in both its clinical and applied aspects. The first regular weekly seminars were given by Foulkes in 1952. Members of the Society come from different countries and from many fields and disciplines, including psychology, sociology, medicine, nursing, social work, counselling, education, industry, architecture, anthropology and theology.

The following individuals were Founder Members: Dr. James Anthony, Dr Patrick De Mare, the Hon. W. H. R. Iliffe and S. H. Foulkes. They were joined from the beginning by Minnie Abercrombie, Dr Norbert Elias and Miss E. T. Marx. The Society, which has charitable status, is a learned society and a non-profit organization. It holds regular scientific meetings and organizes various workshops, including an annual one in January. A triennial European symposium is held at various European locations. An annual S. H. Foulkes lecture for a wider public has been held in London since 1977; the lectures are published in the journal Group Analysis.

## Background

After the Second World War, and after the experiments in treating soldiers by group methods at Northfield Hospital near Birmingham, a circle of colleagues interested in furthering their understanding of groups and how to apply group psychotherapy met regularly with Foulkes.

> "The small group of friends and interested people who met every week at my house...was in fact the forerunner of the Group Analytic Society. The same group, reinforced by distinguished international visitors, S. R. Slavson being one of them, also functioned as one of the official groups at the International Congress of Mental Health held in London in 1948 when the World Federation of Mental Health was founded."

Foulkes S. H., 1964, *Therapeutic Group Analysis*, Allen & Unwin

In 1971, leading members of the Society set up the Institute of Group Analysis, which became responsible for training, including an intensive qualifying course that leads to membership of the institute. Training activities now take place at various British centres as well as on the Continent of Europe, with strong informal links with the London Institute.

The Society publishes a journal, *Group Analysis*, published by SAGE. Foulkes was the first editor, and he continued to devote much energy to it until 1975, when he handed over the editorial role to Patrick de Maré. Under Foulkes and de Maré it remained a very informal publication, with a large correspondence section. It has since developed into a more formal academic publication.

A newsletter, Group Analytic Contexts, is directly descended from "Group Analysis International Panel and Correspondence" (GAIPAC) that was first edited by Foulkes in 1967 in order to establish dialogue between a wide international network. It then became the Bulletin of the Group Analytic Society and was edited by Elizabeth Foulkes, the widow of S. H. Foulkes, after his death. She passed on the editorship to Ronald A. Sandison in 1988. In 1993 Anne Harrow and Sheila Thomson took over the editorship of the society newsletter, now called Group Analytic Contexts. The newsletter provides a forum for shorter and more informal communications between Group Analytic Society members from across the world and is increasingly integrated with the closed e-mail Forum for Society members. Contexts reports on the activities of GAS and the work and opinions of members.

The Society works through a number of sub-committees and provides:

* The Journal: *Group Analysis*, containing papers, book reviews and international correspondence.
* The International Newsletter: Group Analytic Contexts, with news, theoretical and clinical articles, reports and correspondence. Past issues are available for download from the link given below.
* An International Directory of Members: with a contact person for each country.
* A List of Members’ Publications Worldwide
* Library Facilities
* Scientific Meetings: held in London.
* The Annual Winter Workshop and Summer Workshop: a four- to five-day international event.
* The Annual S.H. Foulkes Lecture
* Spring Weekend Meeting – Study Day
* International Activities: a symposium and workshop every three years.
* Affiliation to EGATIN, to the European Association for Transcultural Group Analysis, to the International Association of Group Psychotherapy and to the American Group Psychotherapy Association.
* A variety of workshops


title: Music Break

abstract: Music Break was a Canadian music variety and talk show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1960 to 1962.

text:
# Music Break

***Music Break*** was a Canadian music variety and talk show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1960 to 1962.

## Premise

This Winnipeg-produced series was hosted by Georges LaFleche who received such guests as Gene Kiniski and Gordon Pinsent. Each week a female singer was included on the broadcasts. Bob McMullin conducted the series orchestra.

## Scheduling

This first season of this half-hour series was broadcast Tuesdays at 3:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 18 October to 27 June 1961. The second season was broadcast Wednesdays at 3:00 p.m. from 4 October 1961 to 29 June 1962.

## InfoBox

| *Music Break* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | variety / talk show |
| Presented by | Georges LaFleche |
| Narrated by | Warren Davis |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 18 October 1960 (1960-10-18) <br>29 June 1962 (1962-06-29) |


title: Musical setting

abstract: A musical setting is a musical composition that is written on the basis of a literary work. The literary work is said to be set, or adapted, to music. Musical settings include choral music and other vocal music. A musical setting is made to particular words, such as poems. By contrast, a musical arrangement is a musical reconceptualization of a previously composed work, rather than a brand new piece of music. An arrangement often refers to a change in medium or style and can be instrumental, not necessarily vocal music. Texts commonly used in choral settings include the mass and the requiem in Western Christianity, and the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom and the All-night vigil in Eastern Christianity. Examples include Mozart's Great Mass, and Leontovych's Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom. A poem that has been set to music is known as an art song or Lied. Composers known for their art songs include Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann.

text:
# Musical setting

A **musical setting** is a musical composition that is written on the basis of a literary work. The literary work is said to be *set*, or adapted, *to music*. Musical settings include choral music and other vocal music. A musical setting is made to particular words, such as poems. By contrast, a musical arrangement is a musical reconceptualization of a previously composed work, rather than a brand new piece of music. An arrangement often refers to a change in medium or style and can be instrumental, not necessarily vocal music.

Texts commonly used in choral settings include the mass and the requiem in Western Christianity, and the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom and the All-night vigil in Eastern Christianity. Examples include Mozart's Great Mass, and Leontovych's Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom.

A poem that has been set to music is known as an art song or Lied (German variant). Composers known for their art songs include Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann.

## Some notable settings


title: Musical prefix

abstract: A musical prefix is a numeral or other prefix used in music theory, specifically musical tuning.

text:
# Musical prefix

A **musical prefix** is a numeral or other prefix used in music theory, specifically musical tuning.

| Prefix | Meaning (#) | Terms |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Semi- / Half- | 1/2 | Semitone, halftone, semicomma, semiditone, semi-augmented (fourth), semi-diminished (fifth) |
| Tri- | 3 | Tritone, tritonic |
| Sept- | 7 | Septimal |
| Undec- | 11 | Undecimal |
| Tridec- | 13 | Tridecimal |
| Septen- | 17 | Septendecimal |
| Novendec- | 19 | Novendecimal |
| Milli- | 1000 | Millioctave |
| Dia- | through | Diaschisma, diatessaron, diapente, diapason |
| Di- | 2 | Diesis, ditone |
| En- | to make into, to put into, to get into | Enharmonic |
| Apo- | away, different from | Apotome |
| Im- | not | Imperfect (fourth) |
| Sesqui- | 1-1/2 | Sesquioctavan, sesquitertian, sesquialterate |


title: VisualAudio

abstract: VisualAudio is a project that retrieves sound from a picture of a phonograph record. It originated from a partnership between the Swiss National Sound Archives and the School of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg.

text:
# VisualAudio

**VisualAudio** is a project that retrieves sound from a picture of a phonograph record. It originated from a partnership between the Swiss National Sound Archives and the School of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg.

## Introduction

Discs were the only means of preserving sound before the introduction of magnetic tapes. Until the advent of the vinyl in the 1950s, the records were made of shellac or wax. The organic composition of these materials enabled them to degrade over time and also made them prone to attack by fungi.

As a result, many records, including unique original radio productions, are in a state of deterioration which precludes play by traditional mechanical means, hence the interest in a non-contact approach.

## History

The idea of this recovery of the sound of old records through optical scanning started in the summer of 1999 in Lugano, among the technical manager of the Swiss National Sound Archives (*Fonoteca Nazionale*) Stefano S. Cavaglieri (creator and holder of the intellectual property, initiator of the project), the former director of *M & C Management and Communications SA* Pierre Hemmer (co-creator of the project), and the Director of the Swiss National Sound Archives Pio Pellizzari (co-creator of the project).

The Fribourg school of engineering and architecture (*Hochschule für Technik und Architektur Freiburg*) was the main partner, at first studying its feasibility and then starting a project that progressed over years.

## Principle

During normal playback of a phonograph record, sound is obtained by a stylus following the groove. The radial displacement of the groove is observable through a microscope which means that sound information is visible.

If a high-resolution analog picture of each side of the record is taken and the information in the film is then digitised using a circular scanner, various algorithms can process the image in order to extract and reconstruct the sound.

## Method

### Photography

A central part of the process is photo shooting. It is performed at the beginning of the process on a properly cleaned record, in order to archive it as a film.

The photographic film has a high resolution of 600 lines per mm. This resolution is sufficient to accurately follow the groove displacement.

### Scanning process

Once the record content is stored on a photographic film, the next step is to recover the original sound. The University of Applied Sciences of Fribourg built a scanner prototype to do this.

The current version of the scanner is made of a glass rotating plate, on which is placed the film. The digitisation of the image is done by a linear CCD camera of 2048 pixels wide, which takes pictures at regular intervals, with frequencies ranging from 25,000 to 200,000 lines per rotation. The combination of the camera with the rotating film delivers a rotary scan of the record in the form of a rectangular picture of a ring. A second radial movement provides the next ring.

### Image processing

Once digitized, the images are processed to analyze and determine the positions and displacement of the groove. The first step is to correct the imperfections of the captured images. Many disturbances can come from various stages of the acquisition process: the record itself (cracks, scratches, dust), the photography (film grain), or the scanning (dust, optics, CCD sensors).

Then, the groove position is estimated using edge detection algorithms. Once the edges are detected, corrections requiring more complex knowledge about the structure of the image are carried out. Some examples of corrections:

* Interpolation if the groove is interrupted
* If an edge of the groove is damaged, the information provided by the other side of the groove is useful

### Sound extraction

The final step is converting groove displacement into an audible signal. This signal is processed by band-pass filters in order to obtain only the bandwidth of the original recording. Some frequency equalizations (for instance RIAA) are implemented.

This project aims to retrieve and archive the sound as close as possible to the original one. By default, audio restoration is not applied.

### Broken records

The ultimate goal of this project is getting sound out of an otherwise forever lost record.

Many records from the 1940s are cracked and definitely unplayable. The result is an interesting jigsaw puzzle. As the cracks are due to the shrinkage of the lacquer, there is no material loss in most of the cases. To solve this problem, in November 2006, the Swiss National Sound Archives started a project funded by the Gebert Rüf Foundation. The results so far are encouraging. The algorithm basically uses signal features to determine whether two groove parts are contiguous or not.

The project is still in a test validation phase, but some sound is already available.

### System quality

Reaching the same quality as good as an original record replayed on a modern turntable is probably unrealistic. Originally around 20 dB in the early prototype, the signal-to-noise ratio of modern system is situated around 19 dB for a good 78 rpm record.

## Advantages and disadvantages

With its intermediate photographic stage, this solution solves several significant challenges found in archiving systems.

* Speed of the archiving process, because of the relatively short time for the photo-shooting.
* The storage of information occurs on an analog film so it is not reliant on a technology that could become quickly obsolete and the freezing and storing of the record's state in a new format allows the retrieval of the information later using new technologies.
* The periodic transfer to new data storage media is avoided because the photographic film has a life span of several hundred years.
* The possibility of using the system for vertical cut records.

Disadvantages of the system:

* Not usable for wax cylinders
* Some irregularities such as rounded or bulging records, which do not affect play on a traditional turntable, can influence the sound of VisualAudio.

## Recovered files

Among the unique audio files recovered with such techniques, the speech of Italian politician and poet Aldo Spallicci.

1. Cavaglieri, Stefano; Johnsen, Ottar; Bapst, Frédéric (October 2001). *Optical Retrieval and Storage of Analog Sound Recordings*. 20th International Conference: Archiving, Restoration, and New Methods of Recording (October 2001). AES E-Library.
2. Stotzer, Sylvain; Johnsen, Ottar; Bapst, Frédéric; Milan, Cédric; Cavaglieri, Stefano; Pellizzari, Pio; Ingold, Rolf (July 2006). "VisualAudio, eine optische Technik zu Wiedergabe von Schallplatten". *Schall und Rauch* (in German) (9). IASA-Ländergruppe Deutschland/Schweiz: 9–17. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
3. "VisualAudio". Swiss National Sounds Archive. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
4. S. Canazza (10 November 2006). "Note sulla conservazione attiva dei documenti sonori su disco". In Alessandro Rigolli; Paolo Russo (eds.). *Il suono riprodotto: storia, tecnica e cultura di una rivoluzione del Novecento*. Convegno annuale del Laboratorio per la divulgazione musicale (in Italian). ETD srl. p. 95. ISBN 9788860401762.
5. "La voce ritrovata di Aldo Spallicci, il "ba' dla Rumagna"". *RavennaToday* (in Italian). 5 March 2019.
6. Aldo Spallicci

### Sources

* *International Preservation News: A Newsletter of the IFLA Programme on Preservation and Conservation*. Vol. 44–52. 2008.
* "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society". **53**. 2005: 1114. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
* Richard James Burgess. *The History of Music Production*. p. 189.

## Bibliography


title: Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces

abstract: The music of the Canadian Prairies includes the music of the Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. The city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, is considered a musical center of this region, having produced artists like Neil Young, The Guess Who, Bachman–Turner Overdrive, Crash Test Dummies, and many others. Country music is also popular in all three provinces. The Western Canadian Music Awards have been created to showcase artists from these provinces.

text:
# Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces

The **music of the Canadian Prairies** includes the music of the Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.

The city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, is considered a musical center of this region, having produced artists like Neil Young, The Guess Who, Bachman–Turner Overdrive, Crash Test Dummies, and many others. Country music is also popular in all three provinces. The Western Canadian Music Awards have been created to showcase artists from these provinces (along with British Columbia, Yukon Territory, and Northwest Territories).

Singer-songwriters from the region include Bob Nolan, Daniel Lavoie, Jann Arden, Ruth B., Tom Cochrane, Burton Cummings, Mac DeMarco, Feist, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Chantal Kreviazuk, Connie Kaldor, k.d. lang, Tate McRae, Joni Mitchell, Tegan and Sara, Ian Tyson, William Prince, Fred Penner, Colter Wall, and Neil Young.

Rock groups include The Guess Who, Bachman Turner Overdrive, The Stampeders, Loverboy, Nickelback, Crash Test Dummies, The Sheepdogs, The Watchmen, The Weakerthans, and Wide Mouth Mason.

## Classical music

Active orchestras include the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, Manitoba Chamber Orchestra, Red Deer Symphony, Regina Symphony Orchestra, Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra, Saskatoon Youth Orchestra, and Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra. The CBC Winnipeg Orchestra was active from 1947 until 1984. The region is also home to opera and ballet companies including the notable Royal Winnipeg Ballet, Canada's oldest.

## Jazz

Canada's first jazz concert was in 1914 at the Pantages Playhouse Theatre in Winnipeg. Notable jazz musicians from the Prairie provinces include Manitoba's Fraser MacPherson, Lenny Breau and Ed Bickert and Alberta's Eleanor Collins.

## Folk and regional music

The *Rough Guide to World Music* notes that in the Prairie Provinces, "no Ukrainian wedding band is complete without a tsymbaly, and a small local recording industry there continues to produce cassettes of hybrid *troista-country* bands" (emphasis in original). Ukrainian influences on the music can be seen in modern English-language polka numbers like "Giants of the Prairies" by the Kubasonics.

Folk performers include Oscar Brand, Don Freed, Hart-Rouge, Andrea Menard, and The Wailin' Jennys.

1. "Such Melodious Racket". Quill and Quire. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
2. Kochan and Kytasy


title: Vitularia miliaris

abstract: Vitularia miliaris is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vitularia miliaris

***Vitularia miliaris*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 21 mm and 56 mm.

The shell is whitish or brownish with irregular rounded ribs, which are sometimes tinged with chestnut, as though in interrupted revolving bands. The whole surface is peculiarly scabrously mamillated. The ribs are more prominent and more rounded, and the form is more ventricose and proportionately shorter than in Vitularia salebrosa.

## Distribution

This marine species has a wide distribution: Indo-west Pacific, from Red Sea to Philippines; Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Fiji; also off Australia (Queensland, Western Australia).

* Lamarck J.B. (1816). Liste des objets représentés dans les planches de cette livraison. In: Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la Nature. Mollusques et Polypes divers. Agasse, Paris. 16 pp.
* Iredale, T. 1929. Queensland molluscan notes, No. 1. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 9(3): 261–297, pls 30–31
* Kira, T. (1962). Shells of the Western Pacific in Color. First edition. Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan, \[vii\], 224 pp., 72 pls.
* Radwin, G. & D'Atillio, A. 1976. Murex shells of the world, an illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford : Stanford University Press 1-284, 32 pls, 192 text figs. \[173, pl. 7, figs 7, 12
* Wilson, B. 1994. Australian marine shells. Prosobranch gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Vitularia miliaris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| shell of *Vitularia miliaris* (specimen at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricopsinae |
| Genus: | *Vitularia* |
| Species: | ***V. miliaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vitularia miliaris***<br>(Gmelin, 1791) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Murex alutaceus* Menke, 1829 * *Murex miliaris* Gmelin, 1791 * *Murex purpura* Deshayes, 1843 * *Murex vitulinus* Lamarck, 1816 * *Purpura scabra* Schumacher, 1817 * *Transtrafer longmani* Iredale, 1929 * *Vitularia asiatica* Kuroda in Kira, 1962 * *Vitularia tuberculata* Swainson, 1840 · * *Vitulina tuberculata* Swainson, 1840 | |


title: Vitularia

abstract: Vitularia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vitularia

***Vitularia*** is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Distribution

These marine species occur in the Indo-west Pacific and eastern Pacific; also off Australia (Queensland, Western Australia)

## Species

Species within the genus *Vitularia* include:

Synonyms * *Vitularia asiatica* Kira, 1962: synonym of *Vitularia miliaris* (Gmelin, 1791)
* *Vitularia aspera* Baird, 1863: synonym of *Paciocinebrina lurida* (Middendorff, 1848)
* *Vitularia candida* H. Adams & A. Adams, 1864: synonym of *Nucella wahlbergi* (Krauss, 1848)
* *Vitularia crassicostata* (Deshayes, 1835): synonym of † *Lyropurpura crassicostata* (Deshayes, 1835) (superseded combination)
* *Vitularia curtansata* Tate, 1888 †: synonym of † *Urosalpinx curtansata* (Tate, 1888)
* *Vitularia extensa* M. Smith, 1947: synonym of *Vitularia salebrosa* (P. P. King, 1832)
* *Vitularia tuberculata* Swainson, 1840: synonym of *Vitularia miliaris* (Gmelin, 1791)

* Iredale, 1929 \[Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 9(3): 290; = miliaris Gmelin\].
* Wilson, B. 1994. Australian marine shells. Prosobranch gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
* Herbert, G.S., Merle, D. & Gallardo, C.S. 2007. A developmental perspective on evolutionary innovation in the radula of the predatory neogastropod family Muricidae. American Malacological Bulletin 23(1): 17-32
* Barco, A., Claremont, M., Reid, D.G., Houart, R., Bouchet, P., Williams, S.T., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Oliverio, M. 2010. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Muricidae, a diverse family of carnivorous gastropods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 1025-1039

## InfoBox

| *Vitularia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Vitularia salebrosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Muricoidea |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricopsinae |
| Genus: | *Vitularia*
Swainson, 1840 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Murex miliaris* Gmelin, 1791
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Transtrafer* Iredale, 1929 * *Vitulina* Swainson, 1840 (alternative original spelling) | |


title: Virginia Admiral

abstract: Virginia Holton Admiral or Virginia De Niro was an American painter, poet and the mother of actor Robert De Niro. She studied painting under Hans Hofmann in New York, and her work was included in the Peggy Guggenheim collection.

text:
# Virginia Admiral

**Virginia Holton Admiral** or **Virginia De Niro** (February 4, 1915 – July 27, 2000) was an American painter, poet and the mother of actor Robert De Niro. She studied painting under Hans Hofmann in New York, and her work was included in the Peggy Guggenheim collection.

## Life and work

Admiral was born in Oregon, the daughter of Alice Caroline (née Groman), a school teacher, and Donald Admiral, a grain broker. Admiral was raised as a Presbyterian but later became an atheist during her adulthood. Her father had English, French, and Dutch ancestry, and her mother was of German descent. In 1920, she was residing in Danville, Illinois, according to the census, with her parents and younger sister, Eleanor. By 1930, Virginia's parents had divorced and she was living with her mother and sister in Berkeley, California. While in Berkeley, her mother became a school teacher.

From 1932 to 1935, Admiral was an undergraduate at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where she majored in journalism. Admiral studied at the Art Institute of Chicago under Hans Hofmann. In 1938, she worked on the Federal Art Project, in Oakland, California. While living in Berkeley, California, she had been part of an off-campus art, socialist, and literary scene. Having traveled together from California to Greenwich Village, New York, Admiral was an intimate friend of poet Robert Duncan throughout the 1940s as well as other artists and writers in the Village scene. Among them were Anais Nin and Kenneth Patchen. With Duncan, she produced an issue of the magazine *Epitaph* (later renamed *The Experimental Review*).

Admiral, a painter, met Robert De Niro Sr., an aspiring artist, at one of Hans Hofmann's painting classes in Provincetown, Massachusetts. They first moved into a loft apartment on E. 14th Street, later to an apartment on 8th Street, and then settled into one on Bleecker Street in Greenwich Village. They married in December, 1942. In August, 1943, Virginia gave birth to their son, actor and director Robert De Niro Jr.

For a time, Admiral worked as a typist for Anaïs Nin. Both she and husband Robert wrote erotica briefly for Nin. She and Robert De Niro divorced in 1945, but remained close throughout their lives. When Robert Sr. was stricken with cancer, she took him in during his last years. Later, in New York, she wrote for *True Crimes* magazine.

In 1942, Admiral exhibited her art in the Springs Salon for Young Artists at Peggy Guggenheim's "Art of This Century Gallery" in Manhattan. The same year, she sold a painting to the Museum of Modern Art for $100. She was the first of her artist cohort to sell a painting to the Modern; Jackson Pollock had his first sale to the museum two years later. She had a solo show at the same gallery in 1946 and her work was included in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection at the Venice Biennale in 1947. In later years, from 1973 to 1980, her art showed at Buecker & Harpsichords gallery.

Admiral was active in political movements against American involvement in the Vietnam War and for the rights of artists and the poor. In the 1960s, she was instrumental in obtaining low-cost housing for artists working in the SoHo area of New York. Her work is in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice. Additionally, her papers are held in the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian.

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Virginia Admiral | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Virginia Holton Admiral
(1915-02-04)February 4, 1915
The Dalles, Oregon, U.S. |
| Died | July 27, 2000(2000-07-27) (aged 85)
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | Painter |
| Years active | 1932–2000 |
| Spouse | Robert De Niro Sr.  (m. 1942; div. 1945) |
| Children | Robert De Niro |
| Relatives | Drena De Niro (adoptive granddaughter)
Raphael De Niro (grandson) |


title: Grove Church Cemetery

abstract: The Grove Church Cemetery is a nonsectarian cemetery, located on the western slope of the Hudson Palisades, along with several other cemeteries in a string of green open space, in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The Grove Church, who owns the cemetery, is one of the oldest religious bodies in the area, and it has had an operating cemetery since 1847. Throughout its history, prominent families have been buried there, as well as American Civil war veterans. There have also been reports of vandalism and misuse of the property since the 19th century, and in 2007 some of the cemetery grounds were occupied by the homeless.

text:
# Grove Church Cemetery

The **Grove Church Cemetery** is a nonsectarian cemetery, located on the western slope of the Hudson Palisades, along with several other cemeteries in a string of green open space, in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The Grove Church, who owns the cemetery, is one of the oldest religious bodies in the area, and it has had an operating cemetery since 1847. Throughout its history, prominent families have been buried there, as well as American Civil war veterans. There have also been reports of vandalism and misuse of the property since the 19th century, and in 2007 some of the cemetery grounds were occupied by the homeless.

## Location

Grove Church Cemetery is located at 1132 46th Street in North Bergen, New Jersey. The cemetery also fronts Kennedy Boulevard which in the 19th century was known as Dallytown Road, or Bergenwood Road. Overlooking into the Secaucus, it starts at the top and extends onto the middle of the western face of the Hudson Palisades. Grove Church Cemetery is one of several burial sites on the western slope, along with Machpelah Cemetery, Hoboken Cemetery and Weehawken Cemetery, which is only a few blocks away from Grove Church along with Palisades Cemetery. These grounds constitute a string of green open spaces in North Hudson County. The gated entrance is across the street, east of the Bergenline Avenue station of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail in Union City, New Jersey.

## History

Located in then both Union Hill and New Durham, the Reformed Church at New Durham which was also known as the "Grove Church", was for many years the only Dutch Reformed church in the area. It has been operational since April 12, 1843, and was one of the first religious bodies established in the wilds of North Hudson, the Bergen Woods. The first pastor was Reverend Philip Duryee who acted until 1844, and was succeeded by William Taylor, a Rutgers graduate who later acted as pastor for a nearby Jersey City congregation. Taylor was succeeded by William Mabon in 1846. The land at the cemetery has been used for burial purposes since 1847, which has made it one of the oldest burial grounds in Hudson County. Typical grave depths are approximately five feet, and the grounds bare dry soils of yellowish earth, loose drift gravel, and pockets of sand, as well as occurrences of trap rock. Before the turn of the 20th century, there were two vaults on the premises, one made of brick and the other of stone; there are many more now. Overall, the grounds at Grove Church Cemetery are roughly 8 acres (3.2 ha). Because of the natural descent of the cemeteries location on the western side of the Palisades, ground water flows into the surrounding marshes in Secaucus, and contamination of wells, springs, and water-courses in the surrounding area is very low. Other than having a relatively large congregation, many of the church members were of wealth, and owned plots and vaults in the cemetery.

In the year 1890, Edwin B. Young, a descendant of United Empire Royalists and a colonel in the King's Royal, was made superintendent of the grounds. A particular wealthy family, the Gardners, had large granite vaults built very visibly to pedestrians along then Bergenwood Road. It was reported by the *New York Sun* that grave robbers had broken into various vaults at Grove Church. The Gardner vault had been found opened, which required the vandal to smash locks as well as break the iron railing, which was believed to be achieved by the use of hammers and chisels stolen from on adjoined marble yard. Robert Gardner's metallic coffin was found opened, removed from the shelf upon which it sat. The investigation, led by Superintendent Young, left those involved unsure of why the perpetrators would have broken in, and with no apparent objective or reason, they concluded that it may have been done simply to desecrate the resting place of the dead. Young held that position of superintendent until 1899, for the pursuit of real estate.

It is owned and maintained by the Reformed Grove Church, and is still active and well kept, and the offices are located on the cemetery grounds. There are 31 American Civil War veteran graves at Grove Church Cemetery.

## Use by the homeless

Called "a cemetery for the living", it was reported in 2007 that between 30 and 135 homeless people were squatting in the Grove Church Cemetery. An investigation had been brought on by a sexual assault of a woman, who was near the Bergenline Avenue Station of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, and by knife-point was brought into the cemetery and assaulted. Upon searching the grounds, police found remnants of living activity, namely mattresses, pillows, and blankets, as well as garbage strewn across the lawn. Also, small shacks had been built along the perimeter. To the dismay of neighbors, who had complained about the noise and feeling unsafe, there was not much that the police could do to remove the people off of the premises; there is no law against loitering in public places. One victim, however, claimed that there were bronze urns stolen from his relative's tomb. In addition, the Reformed Grove Church had been supporting the homeless by providing them with meals, as it is within their rights and devotion to charity that they will not turn away anyone seeking help.

The homeless, who were by majority South and Central American males, said that they came into the area from their respective countries in promise of work. A particular individual who was interviewed said that the work he was told about had only been short term and, along with many of the others, had nowhere else to go. Most who had been approached about relocation into nearby homeless shelters express their hesitation to leave the Grove Church Cemetery grounds, fearful that they would lose the freedom they had on the public property. Measures were taken to remove and clean up the cemetery, and it is believed that while some may have entered into shelters, others likely still reside in the general area, while some had moved into the wooded eastern side of the Palisades hills in Union City, where many shacks can be seen supporting the homeless.

## Notable burials

## Sources

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Grove Church Cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
| Gate entrance along Kennedy Boulevard | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1847 |
| Location | North Bergen, New Jersey |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 40°46′59″N 74°01′34″W / 40.7831566°N 74.0259734°W / 40.7831566; -74.0259734 |
| Type | Nonsectarian |
| Owned by | Reformed Grove Church |
| Size | 8 acres (3.2 ha) |
| Website | www.grovereformedchurch.org |
| Find a Grave | Grove Church Cemetery |


title: Mycena alnicola

abstract: Mycena alnicola, is a mushroom species in the family Mycenaceae. It usually grows in temperate forests, associated with alders. First described by A.H. Smith in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. He remarks that the bluish-gray cast is more pronounced than usual. He also described a variety Mycena alnicola var. odora with an odor and taste raphanoid.

text:
# Mycena alnicola

| *Mycena alnicola*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **conical** or **campanulate** |
|  | Hymenium is **adnate** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** |
|  | Spore print is **white** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is **inedible** |

***Mycena alnicola***, is a mushroom species in the family Mycenaceae. It usually grows in temperate forests, associated with alders. First described by A.H. Smith in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. He remarks that the bluish-gray cast is more pronounced than usual. He also described a variety *Mycena alnicola var. odora* with an odor and taste raphanoid.

## Description

The cap is 1–2.5 cm wide. At first campanulate-obtuse, to convex at maturity. The pileus has a pale blue luster in younger specimens; the cap is hygrophanous. The cap disk is dark brown, and the rest of the cap is light brown (or beige), the margin usually whitish. The pileus margin is furrowed-striated.

The gills are adnate, interveined, and narrow to moderately broad. The gill color is gray and has entire ridges. The stem is 4–6 cm long × 1.5–2 mm wide, equal, hollow; covered with a dense white bloom in the stipe apex. The stipe color is dark beige to dark mouse gray, cap-colored at maturity. Smell and flavor is sweet.

Basidia with four sterigmata, basidiospores ellipsoid, smooth, amyloid, (6) 7–9 (10) × 4–5 μm. Cheilocystidia present, clavate to broadly fusiform; subcylindrical to spindle-shaped or sometimes with one or two protuberances; smooth or with low incrustation at apex in KOH. Cheilocystidia size range: 26–40 × 8–17 μm. Pleurocystida are rare.

### Similar species

*Mycena abramsii* and *Mycena leptocephala* are similar but these species have bleach or chlorine odor.

### Ecology

In wood and logs (usually from *Alnus*)

## InfoBox

| *Mycena alnicola* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Mycenaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycena* |
| Species: | ***M. alnicola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycena alnicola***<br>(A.H. Smith.) (1941) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mycena alnicola var. odora*  A.H. Smith (1947) | |


title: Mycena albidocapillaris

abstract: Mycena albidocapillaris is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae that is found in Australia. It was first described scientifically in 1933 by mycologist John Burton Cleland, who named it Mycena subcapillaris. The type collection was made in 1922 on Mount Lofty. It was later discovered that the name was invalid, as Paul Hennings use of that name in 1899 took precedence. Cheryl Grgurinovic and Tom May republished the species with the new replacement name Mycena albidocapillaris in 1997. The small, delicate Fruit bodies of the fungus feature white to brownish caps measuring 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) in diameter, held by a slender translucent to whitish stipe up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long. The gills on the cap underside are few and rather distantly spaced. The fungus fruits in groups on leaves, twigs and stigs, and decaying fern fronds.

text:
# Mycena albidocapillaris

***Mycena albidocapillaris*** is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae that is found in Australia. It was first described scientifically in 1933 by mycologist John Burton Cleland, who named it *Mycena subcapillaris*. The type collection was made in 1922 on Mount Lofty. It was later discovered that the name was invalid, as Paul Hennings use of that name in 1899 took precedence. Cheryl Grgurinovic and Tom May republished the species with the new replacement name *Mycena albidocapillaris* in 1997.

The small, delicate Fruit bodies of the fungus feature white to brownish caps measuring 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) in diameter, held by a slender translucent to whitish stipe up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long. The gills on the cap underside are few and rather distantly spaced. The fungus fruits in groups on leaves, twigs and stigs, and decaying fern fronds.

## InfoBox

| *Mycena albidocapillaris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Mycenaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycena* |
| Species: | ***M. albidocapillaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycena albidocapillaris***<br>Grgur. & T.W.May (1997) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mycena subcapillaris* Cleland (1933) | |


title: My Shot

abstract: "My Shot" is the third song from Act 1 of the musical Hamilton, based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song.

text:
# My Shot

"**My Shot**" is the third song from Act 1 of the musical *Hamilton*, based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song.

## Synopsis

In 1776, having just emigrated from the island of Nevis to New York City, 19-year-old Alexander Hamilton wows several other young revolutionaries with his verbal skills, speaking about his hopes for the future, his disillusionment with the British, and his desire to be remembered, even if it means dying.

The other revolutionaries, who also rap about their own hopes for and reservations about the future, are:

* Marquis de Lafayette, a Frenchman who does not want to live under a monarch's rule. He mentions his fighting abilities and the possibility of a revolution in France, after Alexander hints at the imminent American revolution.
* Hercules Mulligan, a tailor's apprentice who wants to socially advance by joining the revolution.
* John Laurens, an abolitionist who will not be satisfied until all men have equal rights. He dreams of riding into battle with America's first all-black regiment.
* Aaron Burr, who reminds all of the men to keep quiet because loyalists may be among them.

Despite Burr's warnings, the men continue rapping about the rebellion and encouraging other Americans to rise up with them against the British, while Burr remains silent. The tune is reprised during the songs "Right Hand Man", "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)", and "Non-Stop", while some of the themes and lyrics are revisited in "The World Was Wide Enough". The number contains interpolations of lyrics from the rap songs "Shook Ones (Part II)" by Mobb Deep and "Going Back to Cali" by The Notorious B.I.G. It also contains a lyric from "You've Got to Be Carefully Taught", from *South Pacific* by Rodgers and Hammerstein. These sources are credited in the credits of the 2020 filmed version of *Hamilton*.

## Analysis

*Vibe* described the backing as "reminiscent of the '90s". *The Los Angeles Times* said the song had "Eminem combustion". *Vulture* said the song was reminiscent of Eminem's "Lose Yourself". TapInto notes that this song becomes ironic by the end of the musical because Hamilton does, indeed, throw away his shot in the fatal duel with Aaron Burr. *Deadline* notes that "I am not throwing away my shot" becomes Hamilton's mantra.

## Critical reception

TapInto deemed it a "ferocious song". *The Huffington Post* suggested the song would make a good opening number to the musical.

The song was one of many performed at the White House in March 2016.

A parody of the song was performed by Miranda as his opening monologue on the October 8, 2016, episode of *Saturday Night Live*.

The song was parodied and performed by The Roots during *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon*'s "Football Raps" segment on August 3, 2017.

On March 9, 2021, a group of doctors called "Vax'n 8" released a remix of the song and a video called "My Shot: A COVID Vaccine Adaptation" to inspire people to get vaccinated for COVID-19.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.<br> | | |

## Mixtape version

| "My Shot (Rise Up Remix)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by The Roots featuring Busta Rhymes, Joell Ortiz, and Nate Ruess | |
| from the album  *The Hamilton Mixtape* | |
| Released | 2016 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:30 |
| Songwriter(s) | Lin-Manuel Miranda |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "My Shot (Rise Up Remix)" on YouTube | |
|  | |

"**My Shot (Rise Up Remix)**" is a song recorded by The Roots featuring Busta Rhymes, Joell Ortiz, and Nate Ruess from *The Hamilton Mixtape*. The song peaked at number 16 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Song Sales chart. It was featured in the credits of the filmed version of the musical on Disney+.

## InfoBox

| "My Shot" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Anthony Ramos, Daveed Diggs, Okieriete Onaodowan, Leslie Odom Jr., and the cast of *Hamilton* | |
| from the album  *Hamilton* | |
| Released | 2015 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 5:33 |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "My Shot" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Virginie de Senancour

abstract: Virginie Pivert de Senancour (1791–1876), the daughter of essayist Étienne Pivert de Senancour, was a French novelist and journalist. She served as her father's secretary and also wrote stories for children. Her work La Conquêtomanie is a satire against Napoleon. In Réplique à un mal avisé she responds to certain attacks levelled against her father by Eugène de Mirecourt. Nearly all the biographical information that exists about her father originates from her. One such biographical episode involves the novelist George Sand, who was influenced by Obermann. Eulalie writes that Sand, who tended to be tongue-tied with people she didn't know, sat facing the 63-year-old Senancour for 10 minutes without uttering a word before getting up and silently leaving the room.

text:
# Virginie de Senancour

**Virginie Pivert de Senancour (Agathe-Eulalie-Ursule Pivert de)** (1791–1876), the daughter of essayist Étienne Pivert de Senancour, was a French novelist and journalist. She served as her father's secretary and also wrote stories for children. Her work *La Conquêtomanie* is a satire against Napoleon. In *Réplique à un mal avisé* she responds to certain attacks levelled against her father by Eugène de Mirecourt. Nearly all the biographical information that exists about her father originates from her. One such biographical episode involves the novelist George Sand, who was influenced by *Obermann*. Eulalie writes that Sand, who tended to be tongue-tied with people she didn't know, sat facing the 63-year-old Senancour for 10 minutes without uttering a word before getting up and silently leaving the room.

## Works

* *Les Héros comiques, nouvelles adressées aux dames* (1820)
* *Pauline de Sombreuse* (1821)
* *La Veuve, ou l'Épitaphe* (1822)
* *La Conquêtomanie, ou Aventures burlesques du grand Barnabé* (1827)
* *Réplique à un mal avisé* (1858)


title: Virginija Kalinauskaitė

abstract: Virginija Kalinauskaitė is a Lithuanian graphic artist.

text:
# Virginija Kalinauskaitė

**Virginija Kalinauskaitė**  (born 27 January 1957, in Panevėžys) is a Lithuanian graphic artist.

## Biography

In 1983, she graduated from the Lithuanian Institute of Art. Since 2001, she was Vilnius Graphic Art Centre and Gallery director. She is a member of the Lithuanian Artists' Association.

## Works

Her work is etchings. They are characterized by virtuoso painting, subtle gray shadings, flamboyance ("Landscape with hay haystack" 1986, "Rose," "The Journey" "Circles," all in 1989, "Women" in 1994, "Two riders," 1999 on). He also creates aquatint, linocut free cutting behavior ("Rain," "Gypsy," both in 1984) Nuliejo watercolors. Since 1984 participates in exhibitions in Lithuania (the individual in Vilnius in 1986, 1990, in Panevezys in 1999, Panevezys Civic Art Gallery 2009) and abroad (international bookplate exhibition in Paris in 1990), Istanbul, Turkey.

## Illustrated books

* Ramutė Skučaitė. *Wood Gifts* 1985
* Julia Švabaitė-Gyliene. *Gabriuko records* in 1993
* Emilia Liegutė. *Jim is a good dog*, 2000, 2004, Rudžiukė
* Vytautas Račickas. *Nippon wants to home: the girl that he loved dad* in 2004
* Nijole Riaubaitė. *Spider predators*. Vilnius, Club 13 and Ko, 2006 ISBN 978-9955-9909-0-1
* Nijole Riaubaitė. *Princess civilization*. Vilnius, Gilija, 2005 ISBN 9955-9569-4-1
* Maria Dunowska, *Teresa Kolenda*. Polish language textbook in class II, Light, 2007
* Virginija Kalinauskaitė, *РIЗНОБАРВНI БАЙКИ. РIЗНОБАРВНI БАЙКИ*. 2008


title: Grgaje

abstract: Grgaje is a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 87 people.

text:
# Grgaje

**Grgaje** is a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 87 people.

43°06′N 19°53′E / 43.100°N 19.883°E / 43.100; 19.883

## InfoBox

| Grgaje | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Grgaje | |
| Coordinates: 43°06′N 19°53′E / 43.100°N 19.883°E / 43.100; 19.883 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Zlatibor District |
| Municipality | Sjenica |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 87 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Mystic Places of Dawn

abstract: Mystic Places of Dawn is the first album by Septic Flesh, released in 1994.

text:
# Mystic Places of Dawn

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Peek from the Pit |  |

***Mystic Places of Dawn*** is the first album by Septic Flesh, released in 1994.

## History

The album was reissued in 2002 with the *Temple of the Lost Race* EP as bonus tracks and then again in 2013 by Seasons of Mist. Though someone named "Jim" is credited for drums, in fact all drums were programmed, with the exception of "Morpheus (the Dreamlord)", which features drumming by Nick Adams (who also performed session work for the Greek black metal act Necromantia).

The cover art on the original vinyl edition is the only one of Septic Flesh's cover arts to not be done by bassist/vocalist Spiros Antoniou; it was made by Boris Vallejo.

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Sotiris V.

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mystic Places of Dawn" | Sotiris V. | 6:12 |
| 2. | "Pale Beauty of the Past" | Sotiris V. | 5:56 |
| 3. | "Return to Carthage" | Sotiris V. | 3:38 |
| 4. | "Crescent Moon" | Spiros A., Sotiris V. | 8:24 |
| 5. | "Chasing the Chimera" | Spiros A., Sotiris V. | 4:50 |
| 6. | "The Underwater Garden" | Sotiris V. | 6:50 |
| 7. | "Behind the Iron Mask" | Spiros A., Sotiris V. | 3:11 |
| 8. | "(Morpheus) the Dreamlord" | Spiros A., Sotiris V., Christos A. | 6:52 |
| 9. | "Mythos (Part I: Elegy - Part II: Time Unbounded)" | Sotiris V., Christos A. | 8:48 |

2002 and 2013 reissues bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10. | "Erebus" | Sotiris V. | 5:26 |
| 11. | "Another Reality" | Spiros A., Sotiris V., Christos A. | 4:41 |
| 12. | "Temple of the Lost Race" | Spiros A., Sotiris V. | 7:24 |
| 13. | "Setting of the Two Suns" | Spiros A., Christos A. | 4:07 |

## Personnel

Septic Flesh – production * Spiros A. – bass, vocals, reissue artwork
* Sotiris V. – guitars, vocals, keyboards
* Christos A. – guitars, keyboards (track 9)
* Jim – drums

Additional musicians * Nick Adams – drums (track 8)
* Magus Wampyr Daoloth – additional howls (track 3)

Production * George "Magus Wampyr Daoloth" Zaharopoulos – production, engineering (tracks 1 – 7, 9)
* Antonis Delaportas – production, engineering (track 8)

## InfoBox

| Mystic Places of Dawn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Septic Flesh | |
| Released | May 1994 |
| Recorded | January – February 1994 |
| Genre | Death-doom |
| Length | 55:03 |
| Label | Holy; Season of Mist (Reissue) |
| Producer | Septic Flesh, M. W. Daoloth |
| Septic Flesh chronology | |
| *Temple of the Lost Race*
(1991) ***Mystic Places of Dawn***
(1994) *Esoptron*
(1995) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| 2002 digipak reissue | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Mystic Puzzle

abstract: Mystic Puzzle was a South Korean project group consisting of Mr. Sync and Asher. They debuted with the album Mystic Puzzle Land on January 16, 2008.

text:
# Mystic Puzzle

**Mystic Puzzle** (Korean: 미스틱 퍼즐) was a South Korean project group consisting of Mr. Sync and Asher. They debuted with the album *Mystic Puzzle Land* on January 16, 2008.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | KOR
 | |
| *Mystic Puzzle Land* | * Release date: January 16, 2008 * Format: CD * Label: Mirrorball Music  Track listing 1. Souvenir (Intro) 2. Love Train 3. A Fairy Tale (Feat. Epik High) 4. 그런 얘기... (Feat. Gary of Leessang) 5. Newness (Feat. Addsp2ch, 넋업샨 of Infinite Flow, DJ QnA) 6. 소년의 꿈 7. 그 때, 그 날처럼 8. 숨 (Interlude) 9. Mystic Puzzle (Feat. TBNY) 10. 달이 지다. 11. Confession (Feat. Jiae) 12. Ready for Flight (Flight Voyage Intro) 13. Flight Voyage 14. Enigmatic Life (Feat. MYK) 15. Reaching for the Dream (Outro) | 27 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Mystic Puzzle | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | South Korea |
| Genres | Electronica, Hip-Hop |
| Years active | 2008 |
| Labels | Mirrorball Music |
|  | |
| Past members | Mr. Sync
Asher |


title: Grugastadion

abstract: Grugastadion was a multi-use stadium in Essen, Germany. It was used mostly for football matches, and the stadium was able to hold 40,000 people at its height. The stadium opened in 1963 and closed in 2001.

text:
# Grugastadion

**Grugastadion** was a multi-use stadium in Essen, Germany. It was used mostly for football matches, and the stadium was able to hold 40,000 people at its height. The stadium opened in 1963 and closed in 2001.

51°25′26″N 6°59′38″E / 51.424°N 6.994°E / 51.424; 6.994

## InfoBox

Grugastadion
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Essen, Germany |
| Owner | Stadt Essen |
| Capacity | 40,000 |
| Surface | Grass |
| Opened | 13. September 1963 |
| Closed | 2001 |


title: Grugies

abstract: Grugies is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Grugies

**Grugies** (French pronunciation: \[ɡʁyʒi\]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 575 |  |
| 1968 | 747 | +29.9% |
| 1975 | 793 | +6.2% |
| 1982 | 815 | +2.8% |
| 1990 | 948 | +16.3% |
| 1999 | 906 | −4.4% |
| 2008 | 956 | +5.5% |

## InfoBox

| Grugies | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall of Grugies | |
| Location of Grugies | |
| GrugiesGrugies | |
| Coordinates: 49°48′50″N 3°16′01″E / 49.8139°N 3.2669°E / 49.8139; 3.2669 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Aisne |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Quentin |
| Canton | Saint-Quentin-3 |
| Intercommunality | CA Saint-Quentinois |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Alain Brison |
| Area**1** | 5.08 km2 (1.96 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,259 |
| Density | 250/km2 (640/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 02359 /02680 |
| Elevation | 68–111 m (223–364 ft)
(avg. 62 m or 203 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vitreux

abstract: Vitreux is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Vitreux

**Vitreux** (French pronunciation: \[vitʁø\] ) is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 154 |  |
| 1975 | 150 | −0.38% |
| 1982 | 190 | +3.43% |
| 1990 | 174 | −1.09% |
| 1999 | 209 | +2.06% |
| 2009 | 273 | +2.71% |
| 2014 | 269 | −0.29% |
| 2020 | 273 | +0.25% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Vitreux | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Acey Abbey | |
| Location of Vitreux | |
| VitreuxVitreux | |
| Coordinates: 47°14′47″N 5°41′18″E / 47.2464°N 5.6883°E / 47.2464; 5.6883 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Jura |
| Arrondissement | Dole |
| Canton | Authume |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Alain Gomot |
| Area**1** | 7.85 km2 (3.03 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 264 |
| Density | 34/km2 (87/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 39581 /39350 |
| Elevation | 192–361 m (630–1,184 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vitri Tower

abstract: Torre Vitri or Vitri Tower is a 74-storey residential building located in Costa del Este, Panama City. Completed in 2012, the building is 260 metres tall and is the sixth-tallest building in Panama City and the 11th tallest building in Latin America.

text:
# Vitri Tower

**Torre Vitri** or **Vitri Tower** is a 74-storey residential building located in Costa del Este, Panama City. Completed in 2012, the building is 260 metres (853 feet) tall and is the sixth-tallest building in Panama City and the 11th tallest building in Latin America.

1. "Torre Vitri". *Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat*. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
2. "Torre Vitri Panama City". *www.skyscrapercenter.com*. Retrieved 2022-09-16.

9°00′38″N 79°27′49″W / 9.0105°N 79.4637°W / 9.0105; -79.4637

## InfoBox

| Torre Vitri / Vitri Tower | |
| --- | --- |
| Vitri Tower under construction (September 2010). | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Residential |
| Location | Costa del Este, Panama City, Panama |
| Construction started | 2007 |
| Completed | 2012 |
| Height | |
| Roof | 260 m (850 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 74 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Pinzón Lozano & Asociados |
| Developer | F&F Properties LTDA Inc. |
| Structural engineer | Luis García Dutari |


title: Gro Møllerstad

abstract: Gro Møllerstad is a Norwegian headhunter, former editor and politician for the Labour Party. She was a personal advisor to Minister of Social Affairs Tove Strand Gerhardsen from August 1986 to September 1988, during the second cabinet Brundtland. Møllerstad was responsible for the implementation of the Clean Air Act which was introduced on 1 July 1988. She also worked as a journalist in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and Dagbladet, before founding her own recruitment company, Nye Hoder in 2000 and Hodejegerne in 2002. Among others, she helped recruit the new CEO of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in 2007. In 2004 Hodejegerne gained negative publicity when six of the eight directors they recruited to the new radio channel Kanal 24 quit within less than a year. Møllerstad has explained the disparity between men's and women's earnings with lack of negotiation skills among most women. She took the cand.mag. degree at the Norwegian Journalist College in 1985, and later took a Master of Management degree at the Norwegian School of Management.

text:
# Gro Møllerstad

**Gro Møllerstad** (born 1960) is a Norwegian headhunter, former editor and politician for the Labour Party.

She was a personal advisor (today known as political advisor) to Minister of Social Affairs Tove Strand Gerhardsen from August 1986 to September 1988, during the second cabinet Brundtland.

Møllerstad was responsible for the implementation of the Clean Air Act (Smoking Act) which was introduced on 1 July 1988.

She also worked as a journalist in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and *Dagbladet*, before founding her own recruitment company, *Nye Hoder* in 2000 and *Hodejegerne* in 2002. Among others, she helped recruit the new CEO of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in 2007. In 2004 Hodejegerne gained negative publicity when six of the eight directors they recruited to the new radio channel Kanal 24 quit within less than a year.

Møllerstad has explained the disparity between men's and women's earnings with lack of negotiation skills among most women.

She took the cand.mag. degree at the Norwegian Journalist College in 1985, and later took a Master of Management degree at the Norwegian School of Management.


title: Volker Erfle

abstract: Volker Fritz Erfle was a German virologist and university lecturer.

text:
# Volker Erfle

**Volker Fritz Erfle** (\* February 26, 1941; † May 13, 2023) was a German virologist and university lecturer.

## Life and work

In 1971, Erfle became the head of a microbiology laboratory at the *Gesellschaft für Strahlenforschung* (GSF) in Munich after completing his doctorate in veterinary medicine. He completed his specialist veterinary training and habilitation in 1981 with work on endogenous retroviruses. Two years later, he joined the research field of the newly discovered HIV-1. There he discovered that HI viruses also have a reservoir in non-T cells.

Volker Erfle was a full professor of virology at the medical faculty of the Technical University of Munich. He founded the *Institute of Molecular Virology* at the GSF in 1991 and became director of virology at the medical faculty of the Technical University of Munich in 1997.

Erfle's field of research covered the function and immunological effects of the HI virus (HIV) and the Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA), including in particular the Nef protein of HIV and the use of the MVA as an HIV vaccine in the sense of a viral vector. He has published a total of 302 scientific papers and has an H-index of 46 in biology and biochemistry and 47 in microbiology.

1. *Obituary of Volker Fritz Erfle*, sueddeutsche.de, accessed 2023-05-21
2. Gesellschaft für Virologie: *In Memoriam* by Ruth Brack-Werner and Ulrike Protzer, accessed 4. Februar 2024.
3. TU München: *Zusätzliche Therapie für HIV-Kranke in Sicht – Aids-Impfstoff aus München.* (PDF). In: *TU München Aktuell*, Issue 3, 2004, p. 43, 44.
4. "Volker Erfle". *researchgate.net*. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
5. "Volker Erfle". *research.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-21.


title: Myripristis randalli

abstract: Myripristis randalli is a species of soldierfish belonging to the genus Myripristis. It can be found in the Eastern Central Pacific Ocean in Tonga, American Samoa, Pitcairn and the Austral Islands, and also in Taiwan. It is named after ichthyologist John Ernest Randall.

text:
# Myripristis randalli

***Myripristis randalli*** is a species of soldierfish belonging to the genus *Myripristis*. It can be found in the Eastern Central Pacific Ocean in Tonga, American Samoa, Pitcairn and the Austral Islands, and also in Taiwan. It is named after ichthyologist John Ernest Randall.

## InfoBox

| *Myripristis randalli* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Holocentriformes |
| Family: | Holocentridae |
| Genus: | *Myripristis* |
| Species: | ***M. randalli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myripristis randalli***
(D. W. Greenfield, 1974) | |
|


title: Voice Elements

abstract: Voice Elements is a Microsoft Cloud Service, as well as a Calling Plan for Microsoft Teams. Voice Elements were released by Inventive Labs Corporation in 2008, based on their original CTI32 toolkit. Software developers who use C#, VB.NET, or Delphi use Voice Elements to write telephony-based applications, such as Interactive Voice Response systems, Voice dialers, Auto Attendants, Call centers, and more.

text:
# Voice Elements

**Voice Elements** is a Microsoft Cloud Service, as well as a Calling Plan for Microsoft Teams. Voice Elements were released by Inventive Labs Corporation in 2008, based on their original CTI32 toolkit. Software developers who use C#, VB.NET, or Delphi use Voice Elements to write telephony-based applications, such as Interactive Voice Response systems, Voice dialers, Auto Attendants, Call centers, and more.

## Voice Elements Software

In addition to the Microsoft .NET Framework, Voice Elements supports the use of speech recognition and text-to-speech, Dialogic TDM hardware, and the Inventive Labs HMP Elements SIP Platform. Applications built with Voice Elements are deployed via Voice over IP, via the Inventive Labs cloud hosting service, or by traditional TDM, such as T1, E1, or analog phone lines.

Users of Voice Elements-based solutions interact by using Touch Tone (DTMF) input or with voice commands through speech recognition technology. In addition, developers may program with pre-recorded prompts or use text-to-speech.

Common applications that are built using Voice Elements include:

Typically, industries such as Health Care, Retail and Hospitality, and Financial Services use telephony applications to increase customer contact and automate tasks.

Visual Studio developers, by learning the Voice Elements classes, can create almost any voice application. Call logging and sample inbound and outbound applications are a part of the software package. Consulting services are also available for planning, creating, or training IT staff to develop and manage custom solutions.

If deployed via SIP, Voice Elements developers may use the highly tuned Call Progress Analysis that is included in the Inventive Labs SIP Platform. Call Progress Analysis results inform the software if a person or machine answers a call, and are used in outbound dialing campaigns.

**Voice Features**

* SIP Call Control with its internally developed VoIP stack
* Accurate Call Progress Analysis (CPA). (Detect Human or Machine)
* Beep Detection
* Speech Recognition
* Text To Speech (TTS)
* Conferencing
* Faxing
* WebRTC for Agent / Customer connections
* Call Routing
* Call Recording
* Play / Record computer files
* Tone Recognition (DTMF / Custom Tones)
* Whisper / Coaching

### WebRTC

Voice Elements launched their WebRTC interface in August 2013, with their Voice Elements Platform 5. It includes a simple API for creating browser-based, feature-rich WebRTC applications.

This new feature was premiered at the WebRTC Conference & Expo, Atlanta GA, June 25–27, 2013.

**WebRTC** is a technology that allows you to use your browser simultaneously as a web browser and as softphone.

## Awards

* **2011 Product of the Year** awarded to Inventive Labs Corp for **"Voice Elements with Excellent Call Progress Analysis"** at TMC Internet Telephony Conference
* **2012 Best of Show** awarded to Inventive Labs Corp for **"Best Development Tool"** at TMC IT Expo, Austin, Texas.  Innovation on Display: ITEXPO Austin
* **2012 Best of Show** awarded to Inventive Labs Corp for **"Best Development Tool"** at TMC IT Expo, Miami, Florida.


title: Gregory Floyd

abstract: Gregory Floyd is the President of Teamsters Local 237, City Employees Union in New York, a position he has held since March 30, 2007.

text:
# Gregory Floyd

**Gregory Floyd** is the President of Teamsters Local 237, City Employees Union in New York, a position he has held since March 30, 2007.

## Background

Gregory Floyd began his career as a hospital police officer over twenty years ago. A committed worker, Floyd became the youngest hospital police captain in the NYC Health and Hospitals Corporations’ (HHC) history, at the age of 27. HHC is the largest municipal healthcare organization in the U.S. Soon after, Gregory became the vice president of the New York City Hospital Police Guardians Association, and in 1994, he was appointed as Teamsters local 237 deputy director for peace officer titles. Floyd’s success continued, as later that year he was appointed secretary to the New York State AFL-CIO’s Committee of Peace and Law Enforcement Officers. It was not until 1999 that Floyd became the director of Local 237’s Citywide Division, where his notoriety grew when he acted as a key player in the fight to save the title of ‘hospital police special officer’ from elimination, due to privatization. Four years later, at the beginning of 2003, Floyd was elected to serve as a trustee on Local 237's executive board, just a year before he was also made the union's secretary-treasurer and chief negotiator. All of these positions led to Gregory Floyd's eventual rise to become the union's fifth president in its 55-year history, on March 30, 2007, when he was appointed by the Union's executive board. In November 2009, Floyd won his first election, continuing as Union President.

## Current appointments

As president of Local 237, the largest local in the 1.4 million Teamsters Union and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), Floyd represents a varied group of 25,000 New York employees from both New York City agencies and the Housing Authority, ranging from school safety agents and taxi inspectors to x-ray technicians and city attorneys. The Union also represents blue and white collar workers employed by municipalities and school districts throughout Long Island. Gregory Floyd presently serves as a trustee to the board of the New York City Employee Retirement System (NYCERS), one of the largest public pension funds in the United States. He also serves as a commissioner of the board of the IBT Human Rights Commission (he was appointed by IBT General President James P. Hoffa), while also holding a seat on the board of Group Health Insurance (GHI), and the Health Insurance Plan of New York (HIP). In addition, Floyd serves as the vice president of the New York State AFL-CIO and the New York Central Labor Council, as well serving as a trustee of Teamsters Joint Council 16. He is also on the board of trustees for the Council for Unity, an organization based in New York that promotes safety and unity in schools and communities around the city.

## 2010 Local 237 Presidential Election

After being appointed president of Local 237 and serving for two years, Floyd was elected to his first full term in 2009.

## Contract negotiations

In his years as Local 237's chief negotiator Floyd has attained contracts that provide reasonable wage increases, and that have maintained health and pension benefits for Local 237 union members.

## Advocacy

Gregory Floyd is a strong advocate for maintaining affordable housing, rallying to ensure that people are not left homeless from the privatization of housing in densely populated areas. He has continuously fought and rallied to ensure that affordable housing is available to those who require it, and has successfully lobbied State and Federal agencies to obtain the funds necessary for the upkeep and maintenance of the New York City Housing Authority. Floyd organized a large contingent of public employees to attend the One Nation Rally in October, 2010, in Washington D.C.

Floyd is the host of *Reaching Out With Greg Floyd*, a public affairs program that airs on WWRL AM 1600 and cable TV channels throughout New York City. He is a frequent guest and commentator on local and national news programs.

## Personal life

Gregory Floyd is married to writer Wendy Bolton Floyd, the author of *When Did You Know ... He Was Not The One?* The couple has two children, Jessica and Jonathan.


title: Gregory Fortuin

abstract: Gregory Fortuin was born in South Africa and has had business and political experience there and in Australia and New Zealand. In 1998 he was appointed by Nelson Mandela as Honorary Consul to New Zealand. From April 2001 to October 2002 he was New Zealand's Race Relations Conciliator. During this time he became embroiled in negative publicity, surrounding his attempt to enter the Wellington Club while not wearing a tie, which was in breach of the Club's dress code. Eventually, he conceded that his behaviour during the incident was inappropriate. He has been praised by Jim Bolger, former National Party Prime Minister, and Ken Douglas, former president of the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions. Fortuin is also named as a Director of a group of Risk Management companies owned by The Accident Compensation Corporation in New Zealand.

text:
# Gregory Fortuin

**Gregory Fortuin** was born in South Africa and has had business and political experience there and in Australia and New Zealand.

In 1998 he was appointed by Nelson Mandela as Honorary Consul to New Zealand.

From April 2001 to October 2002 he was New Zealand's Race Relations Conciliator. During this time he became embroiled in negative publicity, surrounding his attempt to enter the Wellington Club while not wearing a tie, which was in breach of the Club's dress code. Eventually, he conceded that his behaviour during the incident was inappropriate.

He has been praised by Jim Bolger, former National Party Prime Minister, and Ken Douglas, former president of the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions.

Fortuin is also named as a Director of a group of Risk Management companies owned by The Accident Compensation Corporation in New Zealand.


title: Myrmaplata

abstract: Myrmaplata is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Prószyński. As of 2017, it contains five Asian species.

text:
# Myrmaplata

***Myrmaplata*** is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Prószyński. As of 2017, it contains five Asian species.

## InfoBox

| *Myrmaplata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female *Myrmaplata plataleoides* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Myrmaplata*
Prószyński, 2016 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Myrmaplata plataleoides*
 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Muzna Dureid

abstract: Muzna Dureid is a Syrian human rights activist and former refugee, based in Montreal, Canada. Shortly after her uncle was assassinated at the start of the Syria Civil War, Dureid and her family fled the country. She relocated to Canada after seeking asylum while attending an Ottawa conference. Dureid founded the Women Refugees, not Captives campaign and the Indigenous – Refugees movement. She was a 2022 recipient of the first International Development Research Centre's Canada's women, peace, and security award.

text:
# Muzna Dureid

**Muzna Dureid** (born 1991) is a Syrian human rights activist and former refugee, based in Montreal, Canada.

Shortly after her uncle was assassinated at the start of the Syria Civil War, Dureid and her family fled the country. She relocated to Canada after seeking asylum while attending an Ottawa conference.

Dureid founded the *Women Refugees, not Captives* campaign and the *Indigenous – Refugees* movement.

She was a 2022 recipient of the first International Development Research Centre's *Canada's women, peace, and security* award.

## Early life

Dureid was born in 1991 in Damascus.

She has both an older and a two-years-younger brother named Monzer.

## Adult life

### In Syria

She was studying the work of Molière at Damascus University when the Syrian Civil War started. Her uncles and cousins were arrested while attending street protests against the government. Several months later, another uncle was assassinated during a street demonstration.

### As a refugee

Her family fled Syria to Saudi Arabia, France and then Turkey. While in France, she was provided with human rights training by the Council of Europe.

While attending a 2016 *Sister to Sister Mentorship* event in Ottawa, Canada, Dureid applied for political asylum and relocated to Montreal and enrolled at Concordia University where she studied politics. Her application for refugee status was accepted in January 2017.

### In Canada

She has worked at the *Centre Social D’aide Aux Immigrants* and as the Canadian liaison officer for the Syrian civil defense organization the White Helmets. She helped found and sits on the board of the Paris-based *Syrian Women’s Political Movement*, and also founded the *Women Refugees, not Captives* campaign against forced child marriages in Syrian refugee camps. In Canada, Dureid founded the *Indigenous – Refugees movement* organization to improve solidarity between refugees and Indigenous peoples in Canada.

In 2018, Dureid called for tougher action against Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and in 2019 she won the CanWaCH Young Leader Award.

In 2022, the Canadian federal Minister of Foreign Affairs Mélanie Joly presented Dureid with the International Development Research Centre's first ever Canada’s women, peace, and security award.

She is a member of Network for Refuge Voices and serves on the advisory committee of the Local Engagement Refugee Research Network.

She featured in Khadija Baker's 2022 exhibit *Birds Crossing Borders* and her account is featured in Ozlem Ezer's 2018 book *Syrian Women Refugees Personal Accounts of Transition.*

## InfoBox

| Muzna Dureid | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1991<br>Damascus, Syria |
| Alma mater | Damascus University |
| Known for | Human rights activism |
| Awards | IDRC Canada’s women, peace, and security award |