title: Microlarnaca

abstract: Microlarnaca is a genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the subfamily Gryllacridinae and tribe Gryllacridini. The recorded distribution is from localities in China and Vietnam. The prefix "Micro-" indicates that these Orthopterans are smaller but similar to the genus Larnaca. There are a number of similar genera, described from Vietnam by AV Gorochov, and the Orthoptera Species File indicates that other locality records and possibly other species have yet to be discovered in the Indo-China region.

text:
# Microlarnaca

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Image at iNaturalist | |

***Microlarnaca*** is a genus of Orthopterans, sometimes known as 'leaf-folding crickets' in the subfamily Gryllacridinae and tribe Gryllacridini. The recorded distribution is from localities in China and Vietnam.

The prefix "Micro-" indicates that these Orthopterans are smaller but similar to the genus *Larnaca*. There are a number of similar genera, described from Vietnam by AV Gorochov, and the *Orthoptera Species File* indicates that other locality records and possibly other species have yet to be discovered in the Indo-China region.

## Species

The *Orthoptera Species File* lists:

1. *Microlarnaca dicrana* (Bey-Bienko, 1962) \- Jinping, Yunnan, China
2. *Microlarnaca fansipan* Gorochov, 2004
**type species** (locality: Fan Si Pan Mountain, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam)
3. *Microlarnaca zhengi* Lu & Bian, 2021 \- Guilin, China

## InfoBox

| *Microlarnaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Gryllacrididae |
| Tribe: | Gryllacridini |
| Genus: | *Microlarnaca*<br>Gorochov, 2004 |
|


title: George M. Shelton

abstract: George Matthew Shelton was a soldier in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine–American War. Shelton joined the Army from Billington, Texas in May 1898, and retired with the rank of Major in September 1921.

text:
# George M. Shelton

**George Matthew Shelton** (December 23, 1877 – January 18, 1949) was a soldier in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine–American War.

Shelton joined the Army from Billington, Texas in May 1898, and retired with the rank of Major in September 1921.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, Company I, 23d U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At La Paz, Leyte, Philippine Islands, April 26, 1900. Entered service at: Billington, Tex. Birth: Brownwood, Tex. Date of issue: March 10, 1902.

**Citation:**

> Advanced alone under heavy fire of the enemy and rescued a wounded comrade.

## InfoBox

| George M. Shelton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1877-12-23)December 23, 1877
Brownwood, Texas |
| Died | January 18, 1949(1949-01-18) (aged 71)
San Francisco, California |
| Place of burial | San Francisco National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1898 - 1921 |
| Rank | Major |
| Unit | 23d Infantry Regiment |
| Battles/wars | Philippine–American War
World War I |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |


title: Miguelina Hernández

abstract: Miguelina Hernández García is a Dominican Republic boxer. She competed in the women's flyweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Miguelina Hernández

**Miguelina Hernández García** (born 28 March 1998) is a Dominican Republic boxer. She competed in the women's flyweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Miguelina Hernández
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Miguelina Hernández García |
| Nationality | Dominican |
| Born | (1998-03-28) 28 March 1998 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Boxing |


title: True Temper Sports

abstract: True Temper Sports is a manufacturer of sports equipment headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. They sell equipment for golf, ice hockey and lacrosse.

text:
# True Temper Sports

**True Temper Sports** is a manufacturer of sports equipment headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. They sell equipment for golf, ice hockey and lacrosse.

## History

The Old Stone Forge of Wallingford, Vermont, founded in 1808, became the American Fork and Hoe Co. In 1949, the name was changed to True Temper. In 1981 True Temper is divided into two divisions, sports and hardware. In 1990 they were bought by Huffy. In 1999, Ames acquired True Temper yard tools and golf shafts from Huffy.

## Bicycle tubing

True Temper was well known for making bicycle tubing. These were made from at least 1987 until 2017. In 2016 True Temper announced they would stop making bicycle tubing in 2017.


title: George Lind

abstract: George Lind (1700–1763) was an 18th-century Scottish merchant who served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh 1760–1761 and Member of Parliament for Edinburgh 1761–1763.

text:
# George Lind

**George Lind** (17001763) was an 18th-century Scottish merchant who served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh 1760–1761 and Member of Parliament for Edinburgh 1761–1763.

## Life

He was born around 1700 the son of George Lind of Gorgie, then just west of Edinburgh, by his second wife, Jean Montgomery of Smithton. His father was a merchant and bailie in Edinburgh.

In 1761 he was selected as a rival candidate to Alexander Forrester and John Fordyce, banker, as MP for Edinburgh and succeeded in this, then stepping down as Lord Provost. In his role as MP he was conservator to Scottish privileges in the Netherlands. His position as Lord Provost was filled by George Drummond, who had held the role twice before.

He resigned as an MP in May 1763 being replaced by John Home (1722-1808) and died on 11 June 1763.

## Family

He did not marry but is thought to be great uncle to the Edinburgh builder David Lind (1797-1856) who was the building contractor for the Scott Monument.


title: George Lincoln Blackwell

abstract: George Lincoln Blackwell was an African American author and bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.

text:
# George Lincoln Blackwell

**George Lincoln Blackwell** (2 July 1861 – 20 March 1926) was an African American author and bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.

## Biography

Born in Henderson, North Carolina as the son of slaves, Blackwell graduated from Livingstone College, Salisbury, North Carolina, in 1888, and from Boston University School of Theology, in 1892. He served as dean of Livingstone College Theological School of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church from 1893 to 1896, as general agent of the denominational publishing house and editor from 1896 to 1900, as general secretary 1900 to 1904, and as combined with missionary secretary from 1904 to 1908. He became a bishop in 1908. Blackwell also served the delegate of his church to the Ecumenical Councils at London in 1907 and at Toronto in 1911.

Blackwell married Annie Walker (1862–1922), daughter of South Carolina state senator Dublin Walker, in 1887. She supported his work, and held leadership positions in the church as well. She wrote a pro-suffrage pamphlet, and published a hymnal. They had two children, who both died in infancy.

## Works

* *The Model Homestead* (1893)
* *Cloaks for Sin* (1904)
* *A Man Wanted* (1907)

* Charles Frederick White (1912). "Bishop George Lincoln Blackwell". *Who's who in Philadelphia: A Collection of Thirty Biographical Sketches of Philadelphia Colored People..*. Philadelphia: The A. M. E. Book Concern. pp. 23–25.

## InfoBox

| George Lincoln Blackwell | |
| --- | --- |
| c. 1910 | |


title: George N. Skene

abstract: George N. Skene was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 27th district of the Georgia State Senate.

text:
# George N. Skene

**George N. Skene** (June 29, 1925 – April 16, 2018) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 27th district of the Georgia State Senate.

## Life and career

Skene was born in Floyd County, Georgia. He attended Mercer University, the University of Michigan and John Marshall University Law School.

Skene was a Macon attorney.

Skene served in the Georgia State Senate from 1973 to 1974, representing the 27th district.

Skene died on April 16, 2018, at the age of 92.

## InfoBox

| George N. Skene | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Georgia State Senate from the 27th district | |
| **In office**
1973–1974 | |
| Preceded by | Oliver Bateman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1925-06-29)June 29, 1925
Floyd County, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | April 16, 2018(2018-04-16) (aged 92) |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Mercer University
University of Michigan
John Marshall University Law School |
|  | |


title: Trygve Gulbranssen

abstract: Trygve Emanuel Gulbranssen was a Norwegian novelist, businessman and journalist. Gulbranssen is best known for writing the Bjørndal Trilogy – Og bakom synger skogene (1933), published in English as Beyond Sing the Woods; and Det blåser fra Dauingfjell (1934) and Ingen vei går utenom (1935), collectively translated under the English title The Wind from the Mountains. His books were well received by critics and readers alike, and they have been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 12 million copies. At one point prior to the outbreak of World War II, the popularity of the Trilogy made Gulbranssen the fourth-bestselling author worldwide, and the success of the American editions of his work secured for him the distinction of being the only Scandinavian author of fiction to be included in the prestigious List of Books Chosen for the White House – a collection of works of literature selected by U.S. publishers and presented to the White House in order to provide the president with a library of the very best in contemporary literature. His novels were later adapted for film, though he was disappointed with the results. He was also well known as a sports journalist, writing primarily for the magazine Idrætsliv, which he produced together with Peder Christian Andersen and Einar Staff. He wrote many of his most famous and characteristic articles as a correspondent for Idrætsliv and Aftenposten during the Summer Olympics in the years between 1920 and 1936. He took a particular interest in track and field and sought to promote it as a sports manager for many years. He is also regarded – together with Nils Dahl – as the first person to have introduced orienteering to Norway. Gulbranssen's primary profession was tobacconist; in association with his business partners he imported tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, pipes, and other items. The wholesale business he was a member of became the largest of its type in Norway under his leadership. He was a respected business man both inside and outside of Norway's borders, and he established many lifelong friendships during the course of his business trips around Europe. In 1940, Gulbranssen moved with his family to a farm in Eidsberg, allowing him to realize his dream of being a farmer, and even though he did not personally participate in the daily chores, he invested a great deal of effort in the planning and management of the enterprise. Although he was a newcomer to the district, he did not isolate himself on the farm, and he maintained a good relationship with his neighbors. In 1955 he helped found the Mysen Rotary Club, where he actively participated as a charter member until his death in 1962.

text:
# Trygve Gulbranssen

**Trygve Emanuel Gulbranssen** (baptized *Trygve Emanuel Gulbrandsen*; 15 June 1894 – 10 October 1962) was a Norwegian novelist, businessman and journalist.

Gulbranssen is best known for writing the Bjørndal Trilogy*Og bakom synger skogene* (1933), published in English as *Beyond Sing the Woods*; and *Det blåser fra Dauingfjell* (1934) and *Ingen vei går utenom* (1935), collectively translated under the English title *The Wind from the Mountains*. His books were well received by critics and readers alike, and they have been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 12 million copies. At one point prior to the outbreak of World War II, the popularity of the Trilogy made Gulbranssen the fourth-bestselling author worldwide, and the success of the American editions of his work secured for him the distinction of being the only Scandinavian author of fiction to be included in the prestigious List of Books Chosen for the White House – a collection of works of literature selected by U.S. publishers and presented to the White House in order to provide the president with a library of the very best in contemporary literature. His novels were later adapted for film, though he was disappointed with the results.

He was also well known as a sports journalist, writing primarily for the magazine *Idrætsliv* (*Sports Life*), which he produced together with Peder Christian Andersen and Einar Staff. He wrote many of his most famous and characteristic articles as a correspondent for *Idrætsliv* and *Aftenposten* during the Summer Olympics in the years between 1920 and 1936. He took a particular interest in track and field and sought to promote it as a sports manager for many years. He is also regarded – together with Nils Dahl – as the first person to have introduced orienteering to Norway.

Gulbranssen's primary profession was tobacconist; in association with his business partners he imported tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, pipes, and other items. The wholesale business he was a member of became the largest of its type in Norway under his leadership. He was a respected business man both inside and outside of Norway's borders, and he established many lifelong friendships during the course of his business trips around Europe.

In 1940, Gulbranssen moved with his family to a farm in Eidsberg, allowing him to realize his dream of being a farmer, and even though he did not personally participate in the daily chores, he invested a great deal of effort in the planning and management of the enterprise. Although he was a newcomer to the district, he did not isolate himself on the farm, and he maintained a good relationship with his neighbors. In 1955 he helped found the Mysen Rotary Club, where he actively participated as a charter member until his death in 1962.

## Background and childhood

Trygve Gulbranssen was born on Molstad Farm on Enebakk Road in the Vålerenga neighborhood of Kristiania (now Oslo) in 1894. His parents were Christen Gulbrandsen (1863–1943) and Alette Gulbrandsen, born Alette Antonsdatter Dahl (1863–1941). He had two older brothers, Birger and Alfred, as well as tree younger sisters, Camilla, Ragnhild Margrethe and Tora Elvira.

His father Christen was the son of a farmer and master carpenter named Johan Gulbrandsen (1826–1871) and Petrine Pedersdatter Nøklebye (1828–1909), both of whom descended from farmer families in Trøgstad, Østfold County. His mother Alette grew up on Vestre Dahl Farm in Skogbygda in Frogn, Akershus County. Her father was a farmer and freighter captain named Johan Anton Jørgensen Strandengen (died 1899) and mother Bolette Olsdatter, born Skau. Through relatives on his mother's side, Gulbranssen was connected with the villages in the Follo district.

Christen Gulbrandsen, a carpenter and master builder, provided a good living for his family by buying and renovating townhouses before reselling them. A shortage of housing led to rising prices in Kristiania, but in 1899 the housing bubble burst in what has subsequently become known as the Kristiania Crash. Gulbrandsen had attempted to spread out the risk by placing his fortune in multiple banks and by purchasing Solberg Farm in Trøgstad, but this strategy failed as bank after bank closed its doors. The lack of new renovation projects and the loss of all property and savings came as a hard blow for him. He went on to try his hand as a real estate broker, but never fully recovered from the sudden change in his fortunes.

The family rapidly went from being relatively wealthy to struggling to make both ends meet. Paradoxically, they kept on moving to gradually "nicer" addresses as the economy deteriorated, which probably resulted from the family taking up residence in some of the father's renovation projects. On account of the father's business, there were many changes of residence, which caused the young Gulbranssen to lose contact with his friends and grow lonely. He wrote about this period of his life:

> Moving to other parts of the city – the loss of schoolmates, the great loneliness precisely when friendship is the most important.
>
> Gulbranssen's personal notes.

Gulbranssen wrote this and many other notes about childhood with the intent of writing a book about the trials of growing up in Kristiania around 1900, but those plans never came to fruition.

In 1901 Gulbranssen lost his two-year-old sister Ragnhild Margrethe to dysentery, which she had contracted through contaminated well water.

When his maternal father's farm was sold in 1906, Gulbranssen lost the only constant in his family's otherwise unpredictable city life. Both Gulbranssen and the other children took it hard. From an early age, he nurtured an interest for the agrarian life of Eastern Norway. But it wasn't until he came across the prayer book *D. Jens Dinnysøn Jersins Tvende Opbyggelige Skrifter* during one of the family's many moves that his interest in family history and the ideas that would mature in his later works really started to take hold. The prayer book, which had belonged to his great-great-grandfather Ole Christophersen Biørnebecks got him to ask his mother about their family origin. His mother was a good storyteller, and the stories she relayed were conscientiously noted by the young Gulbranssen, and later provided inspiration for many of the stories in his books.

## Into adolescence and out into the workforce

Gulbranssen had a tough childhood where the family often struggled to get enough money to put food on the table, and he went to work early on to help support his family. As a nine-year-old, he started out as a courier and ran errands, initially for private individuals and family, and later for haberdashers, butchers, cobblers, dairies, fishmongers, coal merchants, and many types of businesses and stores in Kristiania.

During an errand in 1906, he was supposed to deliver food from a delicatessen to Henrik Ibsen's home on Arbins Street. While he was there, he was asked whether he would like to see the deceased writer on his deathbed, but he became frightened and ran down the stairs.

In spite of his difficult work as a courier, Gulbranssen still did rather well in school. He attended Uranienborg School in Briskeby, worked hard earning good grades, did well on his examinations, and completed vocational school with top marks. The difficult life as a courier made it so that school work, and especially reading, became a haven allowing him to escape into his imagination. He seized every opportunity to read – surreptitiously under the desk at school, walking in the street, and while chopping wood or running errands.

## Drawing

Gulbranssen demonstrated a talent for drawing at an early age, and attended a number of drawing schools starting at age twelve. At age fifteen he produced a series of humorous drawings which he sent to a Danish joke magazine, securing for himself a small amount of supplementary income in the process. He enrolled in the Royal Norwegian Art and Handicraft School in the fall of 1909. This was a night school, where, with the exception of a hiatus in 1911, he continued his studies until 1916. In 1914, a drawing of a horse that he had made was selected for the 1914 Jubilee Exhibition.

> Werenskiold inspired me to draw, simply draw.
>
> Gulbranssen's personal notes.

One of his professors once said to him while Gulbranssen was enlarging a drawing: "Take life in its true proportions; it is hard enough as it is. By reshaping it, one is apt to find small joys and large sorrows. Follow it exactly as it is, take hold of what is important, remain simple. I am showing you an essential truth: simplicity is life's greatest art." Gulbranssen found good use for this advice in the course of writing his books.

The famous artist Trygve M. Davidsen, who attended art school together with Gulbranssen, remarked that he had heard that Gulbranssen did not have a diploma: "That is strange; you got better grades than me!" Later, in February 1955, Gulbranssen was presented with a diploma that Davidsen had made with Gulbranssen's grades attested by school chancellor Jacob Tostrup Prytz. Gulbranssen had, among other things, received perfect or near-perfect marks in free-hand drawing.

## Steady work at the Excelsior glue factory

Since the family could not afford to send him on to secondary school, Gulbranssen was obliged to discontinue his formal education after seven years of elementary school. On 31 March 1908, just one month after graduating and barely fourteen years old, he was already employed as a clerk at the Excelsior Glue Factory, Inc. He started out as an assistant – a position he would continue to hold for the first five years.

While working at Excelsior, Gulbranssen took several courses and night schools, including a two-year business course at the Christiania Municipal School of Continuing Education for boys during the period 1910–1913, as well as additional courses in bookkeeping and English. He completed the classes with flying colors and received the highest marks in all subjects. He also got promoted to bookkeeper and cashier, continuing in these positions for the next three and a half years. In all, Gulbranssen worked eight years at Excelsior before leaving the company with the highest recommendations and without any absences for illness.

The time spent at Excelsior provided Gulbranssen with experience and life lessons in addition to all the knowledge he gained. The factory was engaged in the production of animal glue, where the raw materials were carcasses and animal skeletons, and there were several ugly accidents and tragedies that certainly made an impression on the young Trygve Gulbranssen. He spent most of the time in the office, but would often visit the shop floor to learn about the tiresome conditions of regular workers – an experience which may have been important later on when he sought to describe the toil of the very same kind of people in his novels.

## Daily life in Brugata No. 1

The Gulbranssen family moved to Brugata No. 1 in the fall of 1908. Several farmers' markets were located in the area, and a majority of Kristiania's tanners and leather workers resided nearby. The place was hardly one of the best neighborhoods, but Gulbranssen had a good view from the apartment on the fifth floor and was able to observe life in the marketplace at Brugata No. 6 on the opposite side of the street. The sight of farmers coming into the city to buy and sell goods enabled him to paint a realistic picture of commerce between town and country in his fiction. He continued to live with the family in Brugata until he married in 1928.

Gulbranssen often visited the Deichman Library, but the family had to subscribe to the newly published books that the library did not have. They received one chapter at a time and bound the books themselves. Gulbranssen's sister was able to attend secondary school and stood for her examinations in 1913, the same year her brother was promoted to bookkeeper. This was possible because the family's financial situation had gradually improved as the boys grew up and entered the workforce. So as not to be a burden to her brothers, she chose not to study medicine (which one of her teachers had encouraged her to do), but instead took a position at an insurance company, where she remained until she married in 1921.

His brother Alfred died in 1913 at age 23. The loss of Alfred had a profound impact on the young Gulbranssen, to which he gave expression through compiling a memorial album containing all of the photographs taken of his brother.

Gulbranssen spent the evenings after long days at work conversing with his mother, entreating her to tell stories about life in the old days, which he carefully recorded. His notes would later serve as the basis for drafts of what became the *Bjørndal Trilogy*.

## From "Gulbrandsen" to "Gulbranssen"

Gulbranssen was born "Trygve Emanuel Gulbrandsen" and spelled his name "Gulbrandsen" in the usual manner with a "d," consisting of the given name "Gulbrand" and the suffix "-sen," which means "son". The name therefore means "son of Gulbrand", and most likely derives from one of Gulbranssen's paternal ancestors having carried the name Gulbrand. As was common around the turn of the twentieth century in Norway, the family elected to keep using this surname instead of continuing to take the father's given name as the surname for the next generation, as had previously been traditional in Norway. As a sign of his growing self-confidence, Gulbranssen undertook a name change in 1912 in order to assert his own identity, and continued thereafter to sign his name with double-"s" and no "d." This was an individual decision that Gulbranssen made after turning eighteen, and the rest of the family continued to write their name using the customary spelling. The name change has been carried on by Gulbranssen's two children.

## A family and home of his own

Trygve Gulbranssen married Lilly Ragna Haneborg on 30 November 1928 in Trinity Church in Oslo – the same church in which he had been confirmed in 1909. The reception was held at the Hotel Bristol. Lilly Haneborg came from Lie Farm in Øymark, Østfold, and was the daughter of landowner Petter Asbjørn Aarnes Haneborg (1873–1955) and Ragna Slang (1879–1965). At age 34, Gulbranssen moved out of his parents' residence and into a two-room apartment at Damplassen near Ullevål Hageby. The following spring, they moved on to a three-room apartment located at Tyrihans Road No. 22 in Vestre Aker, so as to have more room to raise a family. It was here that he began to gather all of the notes from his youth into three books. The work was time-consuming, and with time he resigned from all his commitments related to sports and journalism.

In 1930 the couple welcomed their firstborn, Ragna, and three years later their son Per was born. With two small children to take care of and a business to run, Gulbranssen had to use evenings and nights to write. This habit of working at night would last the rest of his life.

In 1935, as the sales of his books began to pick up, Gulbranssen moved his family to a villa at Eventyr Road No. 40 in Blindern. Here, Gulbranssen was finally able to realize the dream he had nurtured for many years of having his own workroom; a room that was locked and that no one else had access to.

## The outbreak of World War II

After the German invasion on 9 April 1940, Gulbranssen evacuated with his family to his father-in-law's farm at Lie in Marker, Norway. On 13 April they travelled on by horse to a hunting cabin by Frøne Lake before returning to Lie on 18 April. After the situation had stabilized down, they returned to Oslo. Gulbranssen sold his stake in the tobacco business as quickly as possible, realizing that the blockade accompanying the war would make it difficult to continue as a tobacconist.

## Purchasing a farm

Spending time on his grandfather's farm had been Gulbranssen's version of paradise as a child, and he had been looking for many years for a farmstead where he could recreate the life of his forefathers. Now he intensified his search, in the end settling on the estate at Hobøl in Eidsberg parish, where he moved his family during Christmas of 1940. Gulbranssen invested heavily in running a model farm – something his wealth of notes dealing with purchases and general management bear witness to. The farm was in need of renovation; particularly the farmhouse dating from 1910 was inadequate for the harsh winters. For this purpose, Gulbranssen hired architects and craftsmen, and employed them in overhauling practically every room in the house for quite some time. Even though Gulbranssen was active in the management of the farm, he never participated directly in the daily labor, so in order to implement all of the plans he had for Hobøl, he employed a welder, an agronomist, a housekeeper, a cook, a maid and two farmhands.

## Requests for help from many quarters

> The Germans were on him like ants on an earthworm to get him on their side. But he shoved them off and stood firm like a rock.
>
> Eugenia Kielland.

Although he has settled in the country, the capital was nevertheless nearby. On several occasions he received letters, telephone calls, and visits from the German occupation authorities, who wanted him to appear at various public events, give lectures, or consent to having his books used to put the average German soldier in touch with the "Norwegian mindset," as they put it. He declined as best he could, although it became more difficult each time, and it became a source of strain for Gulbranssen, who had no patience for National Socialism.

In addition to these repeated inquiries, Gulbranssen also received a steady stream of appeals from individuals who were suffering under the Germans or who otherwise sought his help; Gulbranssen rendered what assistance he could. Among other things, he was asked for money, tobacco, and animals. He also aided the Home Front.

## Gulbranssen and Max Tau

In 1939 when the humanist and writer Max Tau fled from Nazi Germany to Norway with the help of Tore Hamsun, Trygve Gulbranssen was one of the first to open his home to him, inaugurating a lifelong friendship.

> Trygve has been one of my best friends, and I am deeply moved.
>
> Max Tau in his letter of condolence to Lilly Gulbranssen, 11 October 1962.

After Tau became the first winner of the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1950, he elected to use the prize money to endow a Peace Library. The Peace Library's first publication, *The Future in Your Hands* by A. den Doolaard and photographer Cas Oorthuys, came out in Norway and the Netherlands at the same time. But when the time came to take the first step out into the world – the publication of the German version – the process ground to a halt.

Tau contacted publisher after publisher without any luck, and finally turned to Gulbranssen for help. Gulbranssen took advantage of his fame and wrote a review of *The Future in Your Hands*. The review went over well in Germany and Tau was finally able to sign a contract with a German publisher.

## After the War

During the war, Gulbranssen lived under constant pressure from the authorities, as well as receiving requests for new books from his publisher, Aschehoug. In spite of all this, the lack of contact with the outside world and his foreign publishers, in addition to the absence of radio and uncensored newspapers, left him with a sense of isolation.

The liberation of the country on 8 May 1945 released a flood of emotions for Gulbranssen, which found expression among other places in his poem *17 May 1945*. Since Gulbranssen was a farmer, he had at his disposal resources which were at that time in short supply, but he was willing to share, such as when he gave the Authors' Union an entire ox so that they could hold their planned peace and anniversary celebration.

After the war, Gulbranssen spent a great deal of time reestablishing contact with his publishers and transacting business with booksellers, from whom he had been cut off during the war. A number of issues needed to be worked out; for example instances where his novels had been printed abroad without his consent, and without any royalties having been paid. In order to resolve some of these issues, he took a trip with his daughter in 1950 where he paid visits to several of the European publishers.

In 1958, all of the farm's animals were sold at auction and Gulbranssen, like many other farmers in Østfold, was forced to rely entirely on the production of grain. Gulbranssen had worked hard to create a model farm, and the animals, which had been bred to be among the best in Eidsberg, included several prize-winning cows. The sense of disappointment over having to give up animal husbandry and milk production was considerable. Along with the herds, the sounds of life disappeared from the farm. Since one of the motivations for purchasing the farm in the first place had been to relive childhood memories from his grandfather's farm, it is no wonder that the day silence overtook the farm was one of the saddest in Gulbranssen's life.

Towards the end of his life, his health went into decline; his hearing began to fail, and he suffered from frequent nosebleeds. On 10 October 1962 Trygve Gulbranssen died in Eidsberg at 68 years of age. The attending physician diagnosed pneumonia and wanted to admit him to the hospital. Gulbranssen wanted to speak with his children first, and was given an injection of penicillin before he went to bed. His daughter Ragna was away, but his son Per came as quickly as possible, only to find his father dead in his bed.

### Bibliography

* Hoel, Tore & Gulbranssen, Ragna (1997) Manns plikt – En biografisk dokumentar om Trygve Gulbranssen/Veslas egen beretning – Aschehoug, Oslo. ISBN 82-03-26059-4.
* Tore Hoel (1994) Trygve Gulbranssen og kritikken – Aschehoug, Oslo. ISBN 82-03-17453-1.
* Tore Hoel (1997): Trygve Gulbranssen og kulturradikalerne – Norsk Litterær Årbok.

## InfoBox

| Trygve Gulbranssen | |
| --- | --- |
| Trygve Gulbranssen in 1920. | |
| Born | Trygve Emanuel Gulbranssen<br>(1894-06-15)15 June 1894<br>Kristiania, Oslo, Norway |
| Died | 10 October 1962(1962-10-10) (aged 68)<br>Eidsberg, Østfold, Norway |
| Occupation | Author, businessman, journalist |
| Language | Norwegian (Riksmål dialect) |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Genre | Romance, historical novels, family novels |
| Notable works | *Og bakom synger skogene* (1933) |
| Spouse | Lilly Gulbranssen |
| Relatives | Alette Gulbrandsen (mother)<br>Christen Gulbrandsen (father) |


title: George Addes

abstract: George F. Addes was a founder of the United Automobile Workers of America (UAW) union and its secretary-treasurer from 1936 until 1947. Along with R. J. Thomas and Richard Frankensteen, he was a leader of the pro-Communist left-wing faction of the UAW.

text:
# George Addes

**George F. Addes** (August 26, 1911 – June 19, 1990) was a founder of the United Automobile Workers of America (UAW) union and its secretary-treasurer from 1936 until 1947. Along with R. J. Thomas and Richard Frankensteen, he was a leader of the pro-Communist left-wing faction of the UAW.

## Background

George F. Addes was born on August 26, 1911, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, came from Lebanese ancestry, and grew up in Toledo, Ohio.

## Career

At age 17, Addes went to work at the Willys Overland plant in Toledo.

Addes and Richard Frankensteen led a major faction of the UAW, supporting piecework and incentive pay in auto plants. The other faction, led by Walter Reuther, accused them both of being communists. Addes participated in the Battle of the Overpass. In 1947, he lost his executive position to Emil Mazey.

After leaving the UAW, Addes joined Ford Motor Company, from which he retired in 1975.

## Personal life and death

Addes married Gloria Saba; they had three children.

George F. Addes died age 79 on June 19, 1990, at the Bon Secours Hospital in Grosse Pointe, Michigan.

## Further reading

* Barnard, John, *American Vanguard: A History of the United Auto Workers, 1935–1970* (2004) .
* Fink, Gary M. Biographical Dictionary of American Labor Leaders(Greenwood Press, 1974). pp. 4-5.
* Halpern, Martin. "The 1939 UAW convention: Turning point for communist power in the auto union?" *Labor History* 33.2 (1992): 190-216.

* Kraus, Henry. *Heroes of Unwritten Story: The UAW, 1934–1939* (University of Illinois Press, 1993).

## InfoBox

| George Addes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | George F. Addes
(1911-08-26)August 26, 1911
La Crosse, Wisconsin, US |
| Died | June 19, 1990(1990-06-19) (aged 78)
Grosse Pointe, Michigan, US |
| Nationality | American-Lebanese |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, activist, trade unionist |


title: Mighty Baby (film)

abstract: Mighty Baby (絕世好B) is a 2002 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Chan Hing-ka and Patrick Leung. A sequel to the 2001 film, La Brassiere, the film stars returning cast members Lau Ching-wan, Louis Koo, Carina Lau and Gigi Leung alongside new cast members Cecilia Cheung and Rosamund Kwan

text:
# Mighty Baby (film)

***Mighty Baby*** (絕世好B) is a 2002 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Chan Hing-ka and Patrick Leung. A sequel to the 2001 film, *La Brassiere*, the film stars returning cast members Lau Ching-wan, Louis Koo, Carina Lau and Gigi Leung alongside new cast members Cecilia Cheung and Rosamund Kwan

## Synopsis

In this sequel to the *La Brassiere*, Lena (Gigi Leung), Johnny (Lau Ching-wan) and Wayne (Louis Koo) are tasked with developing the "Mighty B" line of baby products. Since the last successful development of the "Mighty Bra", Johnny is now head of the department, he hires a neurotic secretary Sabrina (Rosamund Kwan). Lena and Wayne are planning their wedding, however, Wayne has "Baby-Phobia" which throws a wrench into their task of developing the premier "Mighty B" line of baby products. Lena hires child behavior expert Boey (Cecilia Cheung), to work with Wayne to overcome his phobia but things start to go awry when Wayne starts developing feelings for Boey.

## Cast and roles

* Lau Ching-wan as Johnny Hung
* Louis Koo as Wayne Koo
* Gigi Leung as Lena Li
* Rosamund Kwan as Sabrina
* Cecilia Cheung as Boey
* Carina Lau as Samantha (special appearance)
* Chikako Aoyama as Nanako
* Rosemary Vandenbroucke as Eileen
* GC Goo-Bi as Gigi
* Chapman To as Kassey
* Jim Chim as Dr. Raymond Kim
* Tats Lau as Romeo
* Lam Tsz-sin as pickpocket in mall
* Cherrie Ying as Ginger
* Vincent Kok as Dr. Ringo Li
* Wilson Yip as Officer Yip
* Rachel Ngan as Emma
* Kate Yeung as Lin Lin
* Ng Choi-yuk as Yuko
* Ann Ho as Amy
* Yip Chi-ting as Mannie
* Chun Lam as Leo's mother
* Kong Sze-sze as Mrs. Lee
* Marco Lok as Ken
* Jin Hui as Eric
* Priscilla Wong as Lily
* Wong Hoi-chi as Connie
* Leung hoi-ling as Lisa
* Barbara Wong as job applicant in red
* Julie as job applicant in peach
* Karen Yip as receptionist
* Ito Koyo as Lena's secretary
* Takahashi Ayumi as Nanako's secretary
* Touta Tarumi as Chairman
* Kamiyama Norihisa as chairman's secretary
* Nakayama as Failed Japanese businessman
* Cheung Hoi-yee as Baby Siu-wai's mother
* Winnie Lam as Co. hired mother
* Cheung Ying-yan as Co. hired mother
* Merrick Holmes as Co. hired baby
* Kwok Ho-hei as Co. hired baby
* So Wing-yan as Baby in purple worm
* Yu Kwan-shui as hospital secretary
* Asuka Higuchi as Suki

## InfoBox

| Mighty Baby | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 絕世好B |
| Simplified Chinese | 绝世好B |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Jué Shì Hǎo B |
| Jyutping | Zyut6 Sai3 Ho2 B |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Chan Hing-ka
Patrick Leung |
| Written by | Chan Hing-ka
Amy Chin |
| Produced by | Chan Hing-ka
Amy Chin |
| Starring | Lau Ching-wan
Louis Koo
Cecilia Cheung
Gigi Leung
Rosamund Kwan
Carina Lau |
| Cinematography | Fletcher Poon |
| Edited by | Chan Kei-hop |
| Music by | Chiu Tsang-hei
Anthony Chue |
| Production
companies | One Hundred Years of Film
Icon Film Company |
| Distributed by | China Star Entertainment |
| Release date | * 9 August 2002 (2002-08-09) |
| Language | Cantonese |
| Box office | HK$19,021,894 |


title: George Ormrod House

abstract: The George Ormrod House is an historic home which is located in Tamaqua, Pennsylvania in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

text:
# George Ormrod House

The **George Ormrod House** is an historic home which is located in Tamaqua, Pennsylvania in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## History and architectural features

Built sometime around 1870, the George Ormrod House is a two-and-one-half-story, irregular frame dwelling, which was designed in the Late Victorian style.

It features a three-story tower and twenty-seven different angles in the perimeter of the house, including a variety of octagonal and square projecting bays.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| George Ormrod House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| George Ormrod House in Tamaqua, Pennsylvania in July 2013 | |
|  | |
| Location | 218 W. Broad St., Tamaqua, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 40°47′48″N 75°58′25″W / 40.79667°N 75.97361°W / 40.79667; -75.97361 |
| Area | 0.2 acres (0.081 ha) |
| Built | c. 1870 |
| Built by | Ormrod, George |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian |
| NRHP reference No. | 77001193 |
| Added to NRHP | June 14, 1977 |


abstract: National Institute of Technology (NIT) is now Everest Institute*, a system of for-profit colleges offering career training across several program areas. '* The Long Beach, California campus is now WyoTech, a for-profit college offering education within the automotive, HVAC, and plumbing industries. The schools are owned by Corinthian Colleges, Inc.

text:
# National Institute of Technology (United States)

**National Institute of Technology (NIT)** is now **Everest Institute**\*, a system of for-profit colleges offering career training across several program areas.

'\* The Long Beach, California campus is now **WyoTech**, a for-profit college offering education within the automotive, HVAC, and plumbing industries.

The schools are owned by Corinthian Colleges, Inc.

## Controversy

In July 2007, the California Attorney General threatened to file suit against Corinthian Colleges, corporate parent of National Institute of Technology, unless it settled allegations that it has misrepresented its placement statistics; the school had been under investigation by the state attorney general's office for over 18 months. According to a case filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court, Corinthian Colleges "engaged in a persistent pattern of unlawful conduct" by overstating the percentage of those who obtained employment from its courses, inflated information on starting salaries and made misleading or false statements about which programs it was authorized to offer and which were approved by the California Department of Education. The suit stated that Corinthian's "own records show that a substantial percentage of students do not complete the programs and, of those who complete the program, a large majority do not successfully obtain employment within six months after completing the course." In late July, Corinthian Colleges agreed to pay $6.5 million to settle a lawsuit alleging that the chain engaged in unlawful business practices by exaggerating its record of placing students in well-paying jobs; the amount included $5.8 million in restitution to students as well as $500,000 in civil damages and $200,000 in court costs.


title: Glyphidocera nubis

abstract: Glyphidocera nubis is a moth in the Autostichidae family. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.

text:
# Glyphidocera nubis

***Glyphidocera nubis*** is a moth in the Autostichidae family. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Glyphidocera nubis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Autostichidae |
| Genus: | *Glyphidocera* |
| Species: | ***G. nubis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glyphidocera nubis***<br>Adamski, 2005 | |
|


title: Isabelle Boulay

abstract: Isabelle Boulay, is a Canadian singer.

text:
# Isabelle Boulay

**Isabelle Boulay**, CQ (born 6 July 1972) is a Canadian singer.

## Biography

Born in Sainte-Félicité, Quebec, where her parents owned a restaurant, Boulay moved to the nearby city of Matane at the start of her adolescence, and studied literature at Cégep Limoilou. In 1988, her friends signed her up, without her knowledge, for a singing contest in Matane, where she made the acquaintance of Josélito Michaud, who later became her agent. In 1990, at the Petite-Vallée song festival, she won an award for her performance of "Les gens de mon pays" (Gilles Vigneault). The following year, in 1991, she won the Granby Song Festival for her renditions of "Amsterdam" (Jacques Brel) and "Naufrage" (Dan Bigras). She was also invited to take part in the festival Les FrancoFolies de Montréal. In 1992, she performed in France at the Théâtre Dejazet, introducing Bill Deraime. In 1993, she represented Radio Canada at the "Truffe de Périgueux" festival held in Périgord, France, and was awarded the prize for Best Singer in the "Chanson francophone" category.

Following Boulay's success in France, she was noticed by songwriter Luc Plamondon, who was looking for emerging talents to perform in a new production of his rock opera *Starmania*. There, Boulay portrayed the role of Marie-Jeanne from 1995 to 1998. She also provided the singing voice for Quebec singer Alys Robi in the TV miniseries of the same name, adding to her popularity in Quebec.

In 1996, Boulay released her debut album, *Fallait pas*, written and produced by Daniel DeShaime. She also participated again in Les FrancoFolies de Montréal. She began recording her second album, *États d'amour*, in 1997; it was released in Quebec in February 1998 and sold well, being certified gold by September. The album was released in France in November. In 1998, she was also nominated for four Félix Awards but failed to win any. In 1999, the single "Je t'oublierai, je t'oublierai" from *États d'amour* peaked at No. 33 on the French charts. Boulay made a number of media appearances in France in 1999, and, in the summer, sang again in the FrancoFolies de Montréal, where the live album *Scènes d'amour* was recorded. She also performed with Serge Lama at the Olympia and introduced Francis Cabrel on tour, as well as Julien Clerc during his tour in Montreal. In October, she was given the Félix Award for female singer of the year.

Since then, Boulay has had considerable success both in Quebec and in Europe. Her biggest-selling album in France was the 2000 release *Parle-moi*. On 14 February 2008, she was presented with the medal of the National Assembly of Quebec by the mayor of her hometown, in recognition of her contribution to the arts. Beginning 2001-2004, the French media began referring to Boulay as one of the *grandes voix québécoises* (great Quebecois voices) at the centre of contemporary trends in popular music. Other singers grouped in this category included Lara Fabian, Céline Dion, Natasha St-Pier, Garou, Daniel Lavoie, Lynda Lemay, Bruno Pelletier and Roch Voisine. However, the musicologist Catherine Rudent concludes that only Fabian, Dion and St-Pier truly resemble Boulay in répertoire, voice and techniques of interpretation. These singers have in common a style inherited from soul music, in which expressive vocality takes priority over the text, making full use of registers of the chest and head, vocal ornamentation and improvisation.

Boulay was a coach on *La Voix* for its second, third, and fifth editions. In March 2019, she was one of 11 singers from Quebec, alongside Ginette Reno, Diane Dufresne, Céline Dion, Luce Dufault, Louise Forestier, Laurence Jalbert, Catherine Major, Ariane Moffatt, Marie Denise Pelletier and Marie-Élaine Thibert, who participated in a supergroup recording of Renée Claude's 1971 single "Tu trouveras la paix" after Claude's diagnosis with Alzheimer's disease was announced.

### Personal life

In October 2008, Boulay and her producer Marc-Andre Chicoine, had their first child together, Marcus Andrew.

She is living in 2020 with the French Minister of Justice, Éric Dupond-Moretti.

## Awards and recognition

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Year | Title | Certification
(France)
 | Certification
(Canada) | Peak positions | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | FR
 | FR (DD) | BE (WA)
 | SWI | CAN
 |
| 1996 | *Fallait pas* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1998 | *États d'amour* | Gold (2002) | Platinum (1999) | 60 |  |  |  |  |
| 2000 | *Mieux qu'ici-bas* | Diamond (2002) |  | 6 |  | 4 | 65 | 4 |
| 2004 | *Tout un jour* | 2xGold (2004) | Gold (2004) | 4 |  | 3 | 11 | 2 |
| 2007 | *De retour à la source* |  | Platinum (2007) | 87 |  | 32 | 65 | 2 |
| 2008 | *Nos Lendemains* |  | Gold (2009) | 7 | 4 | 7 | 22 | 1 |
| 2009 | *Chansons pour les mois d'hiver* |  | Gold (2010) | 173 |  |  |  | 6 |
| 2011 | *Les grands espaces* | Platinum (2012) | Gold (2012) | 12 |  | 16 | 69 | 9 |
| 2014 | *Merci Serge Reggiani* |  | Gold (2015) | 5 |  | 8 | 40 |  |
| 2017 | *En vérité* |  |  | 8
 |  | 5 | 16 | 9
 |
| 2019 | *En attendant Noël* |  |  | 71
 |  |  |  | 5
 |
| 2023 | *Boulay chante Bashung* |  |  | 88
 |  | 35 | 73 |  |

### Live albums

| Year | Title | Certification
(France)
 | Peak position | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | FR
 | FR
(DD) | BE (WA) | SWI | CAN
 |
| 2000 | *Scènes d'amour* |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |
| 2002 | *Au moment d'être à vous* | Platinum (2004) | 4 |  | 5 | 8 | 7 |
| 2005 | *Du Temps pour toi* |  | 16 | 7 | 7 | 42 |  |

### Compilations

| Year | Title | Peak position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | CAN |
| 2002 | *Ses plus belles histoires* | 10 |
| 2012 | *Master série* |  |

### Soundtracks

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1995 | *Alys Robi* |
| 2002 | *Séraphin: un homme et son péché* |

### Singles

| Year | Title | Certification
(France)
 | Peak position | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | FR
 | BE (WA) | SWI | |
| 1996 | "J'enrage" |  |  |  |  | *Fallait pas* |
| | "Et mon cœur en prend
plein la gueule" |  |  |  |  | |
| | "Un peu d'innocence" |  |  | 41 |  | |
| 1998 | "Je t'oublierai, je t'oublierai" |  | 33 |  |  | *États d'amour* |
| | "Le Saule" |  |  |  |  | |
| | "La Lune" |  |  |  |  | |
| | "États d'amour" |  |  |  |  | |
| 2000 | "Parle-moi" | Gold (2000) | 2 | 1 |  | *Mieux qu'ici-bas* |
| 2001 | "Un Jour ou l'autre" |  | 31 | 22 |  | |
| | "Quelques pleurs" |  |  |  |  | |
| | "Jamais assez loin" |  |  |  |  | |
| | "Mieux qu'ici-bas" |  |  |  |  | |
| 2002 | "Sans toi" (live) |  |  |  |  | *Au moment d'être à vous* |
| 2003 | "Depuis le premier jour" |  |  |  |  | *Séraphin: un homme et son péché* |
| 2004 | "C'est quoi, c'est l'habitude" |  |  |  |  | *Tout un jour* |
| | "Tout au bout de nos peines" | Silver (2004) | 3 | 7 | 23 | |
| 2005 | "Une Autre Vie" |  |  |  |  | *Du temps pour toi* |
| 2008 | "Ton Histoire" |  | 14 | 39 |  | *Nos Lendemains* |
| 2009 | "Chanson pour les mois d'hiver" |  |  |  |  | *Chansons pour les mois d'hiver* |
| 2011 | "Fin octobre, début novembre" |  | 78 | 44 |  | *Les grands espaces* |
| 2014 | "Il suffirait de presque rien" |  | 165 |  |  | *Merci Serge Reggiani* |
|

## InfoBox

| Isabelle Boulay | |
| --- | --- |
| Boulay in March 2008 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Isabelle Boulay |
| Born | (1972-07-06) 6 July 1972 |
| Origin | Sainte-Félicité, Quebec, Canada |
| Genres | Folk, country, pop music |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Labels | Polydor, Universal Music Group, Audiogram |
| Partner(s) | Stéphane Rousseau (2000–2003)
Éric Dupond-Moretti (2016–present) |
|  | |
| Website | isabelleboulay.com |


title: Jamie Gragg

abstract: Jamie Ray Gragg is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Missouri House of Representatives, representing the state's 140th House district. Gragg is a businessman. In the 2022 Missouri House of Representatives election, Gragg was elected in District 140.

text:
# Jamie Gragg

**Jamie Ray Gragg** is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Missouri House of Representatives, representing the state's 140th House district. Gragg is a businessman. In the 2022 Missouri House of Representatives election, Gragg was elected in District 140.

## InfoBox

| Jamie Gragg | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Missouri House of Representatives
from the 140th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 4, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Tricia Derges |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence | Christian County, Missouri |
| Alma mater | Southwest Baptist University |
|  | |


title: Gallarija

abstract: The Gallarija is a typical element of vernacular Maltese architecture, consisting of an ornate closed wooden balcony. The term is of Italian origin, but with a shift in meaning. The stone brackets or corbels that support the balcony are called saljaturi. The hinged glass flaps are purtelli and the blinds are called tendini

text:
# Gallarija

The **Gallarija** (pl: *gallariji*) is a typical element of vernacular Maltese architecture, consisting of an ornate closed wooden balcony.

The term is of Italian origin, but with a shift in meaning (*galleria*, covered passage, vs *balcone*, balcony). The stone brackets or corbels that support the balcony are called *saljaturi* (it: *sogliature* vs *mensole*, *beccattelli*). The hinged glass flaps are *purtelli* (it: *sportelli*) and the blinds are called *tendini* (it: *tendine*)

## History

The gallarija is considered a descendant of the Maltese muxrabija, and it is closely related to the mashrabiya which are typical in Arabic architecture.

Yet, its use became widespread only in the 17th century, as not one of antique townscapes of Valletta and the harbour cities show any covered balcony. The earlier representation of a *gallarija* concerns the one that rounds the Old Theatre Street corner of the Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta, around the year 1675. In 1679 Sieur de Bachelier mentions in his description of the palace that “a glass-covered balcony joins all the rooms of this side of the building” \[Old Theatre Street\], and adds that “Today’s Grand Master \[Nicholas Cottoner\] willingly strolls there \[through the balcony\] without being seen, and discovers from his walk all that is happening in the two piazzas in front and at the side of his palace. If he sees two knights ambling together, he immediately perceives their thoughts and the subject of their conversation, as he knows the minds of all those he governs, and the secret practices of their intrigues.”

The use of *gallariji* became widespread in Valletta and the Three Cities in the 18th century, in parallel with the spread of baroque. The architectural element was embellished by curve lines and elaborate stone corbels. The onset of the 20th century gave a new dimension to the Maltese balconies, which could now be designed in simpler Art Deco lines.

1. Giovanni Bonello, Mysteries Of the Maltese ‘Gallarija’<sup>\[usurped\]</sup>

## Bibliography


title: Take the 10

abstract: Take the 10 is a 2017 American black comedy film written and directed by Chester Tam and starring Josh Peck, Tony Revolori, Emily Chang, Cleopatra Coleman, Kevin Corrigan and Andy Samberg. The plot is a non-linear recount of a day as experienced by several different characters connected to two under-achievers who work in a health food-themed supermarket in LA. The film was released on Netflix on January 20, 2017.

text:
# Take the 10

***Take the 10*** is a 2017 American black comedy film written and directed by Chester Tam and starring Josh Peck, Tony Revolori, Emily Chang, Cleopatra Coleman, Kevin Corrigan and Andy Samberg.

The plot is a non-linear recount of a day as experienced by several different characters connected to two under-achievers who work in a health food-themed supermarket in LA.

The film was released on Netflix on January 20, 2017.

## Plot

Chris and Chester are best friends working together in dead-end jobs in a health food-themed supermarket in LA. They both have very different outlooks on life. Chris very much lives in the moment, while Chester focuses on his long-term goal of moving to Brazil.

Chester asks Chris to cover his register while he meets up with Carlo who has expressed interest in buying his Craigslisted 90s Corolla. Arriving at their meeting point, Carlo asks him to drive, supposedly to see how it drives. However, his associate Paco climbs into the trunk with an automatic weapon. Chester discovers he's being used as a get-away driver for a drive-by. After the Guatemalans shower a rival gang with bullets, Chester takes them on a gridlocked freeway and escapes on foot.

Chris's day starts with his 35 y.o. diabetic brother Johnny videoing him pranking him, which goes viral. As he's a ticket scalper, Chris swipes two tickets. At work he covers Chester's register and tells customers they can only pay cash, so he can skim money to recover his impounded car. Discovering the tickets are fakes, he arranges to meet legit scalper Jay Morrison, swaps the tickets and steals Jay's stash of drugs.

Supermarket manager Danny, a gambler and addict, calls Jay for coke although he already owes him 3,000 dollars. Under threat of bodily harm, he cleans out a register to give him 1,000 dollars. Given an hour to come up with the rest, Danny calls Chester into his office and tells him he discovered that he and Chris had stolen food to resell to another supermarket and threatens to call the police. Chester offers to give him the money from his car sale.

Mr. Winters from divisional management comes a day early to oversee the supermarket and how it's run for the next two weeks. Brooke briefs Danny and Winters on the register tallies, revealing the 800 dollar shortfall caused by Chris while he was operating Chester's register. Danny realises that he himself must have been captured on camera emptying a register. Two undercover LAPD cops approach him, pressuring him to help them catch Jay.

When Jay arrives home and discovers that Chris switched the tickets, he gets angry and calls Sahara a thot. She slaps him and asks hims if he is gay or into other girls. Jay promptly breaks up with her. Soon after, he comes across Chris and Chester on the highway, shooting out the newly-recovered car's windows and tires.

Chris and Chester hitch to the show, and are picked up by Sahara and her friend. Despite their valid tickets, they cannot enter because the venue is already filled to capacity. They jump the fence, and once inside Chester forces Chris to come clean. Jay finds them in the toilets, but before he can exact revenge for the tickets and the moonrocks, a high Chester knocks him down.

Early the next morning, the buddies arrive back in LA with Sahara and Carmen, and Chris gives Chester 1,000 dollars from selling the moonrocks. Jay arrives to deal to Danny at the supermarket and the LAPD take him in. A short while later they return as Winters and Brooke have found footage implicating Danny in the theft of 1,800 dollars. Carlo and Paco are taken in for auto theft and Chester flies to Brazil.

## Cast

## Release

The film was released on Netflix on January 20, 2017.

## InfoBox

| Take the 10 | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Chester Tam |
| Written by | Chester Tam |
| Produced by | Sam Maydew |
| Starring | Josh Peck
Tony Revolori
Emily Chang
Cleopatra Coleman
Kevin Corrigan
Andy Samberg |
| Cinematography | Ricardo Jacques Gale
Parker Tolifson |
| Edited by | Robert Schafer |
| Production
companies | Blue Creek Pictures
Silver Lining Entertainment |
| Distributed by | Netflix |
| Release date | * January 20, 2017 (2017-01-20) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Fibrobacter-1 RNA motif

abstract:
The Fibrobacter-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
Fibrobacter-1 motifs are found in organisms in the genus Fibrobacter, and in many metagenomic sequences. It is ambiguous whether Fibrobacter-1 RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements or whether they operate in trans. They are frequently located upstream of ribonuclease E genes, which is consistent with a cis-regulatory function. Additional cis-regulatory RNAs upstream of RNase E genes have already been established in other lineages of bacteria, e.g., the RNase E 5' UTR element. Some instances of the Fibrobacter-1 RNA motif are not located upstream of protein-coding genes. This observation could indicate that the RNAs function in trans as small RNAs. However, the affected instances are in metagenomic sequences, where sequence assembly is often imperfect. Therefore, they could also reflect technical artifacts, and not be biological.

text:
# Fibrobacter-1 RNA motif

The ***Fibrobacter*-1 RNA motif** is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. *Fibrobacter*-1 motifs are found in organisms in the genus *Fibrobacter*, and in many metagenomic sequences.

It is ambiguous whether *Fibrobacter*-1 RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements or whether they operate in *trans*. They are frequently located upstream of ribonuclease E (RNase E) genes, which is consistent with a *cis*-regulatory function. Additional *cis*-regulatory RNAs upstream of RNase E genes have already been established in other lineages of bacteria, e.g., the RNase E 5' UTR element. Some instances of the *Fibrobacter*-1 RNA motif are not located upstream of protein-coding genes. This observation could indicate that the RNAs function in trans as small RNAs. However, the affected instances are in metagenomic sequences, where sequence assembly is often imperfect. Therefore, they could also reflect technical artifacts, and not be biological.

## InfoBox

| Fibrobacter-1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Consensus secondary structure and sequence conservation of Fibrobacter-1 RNA | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Fibrobacter-1 |
| Rfam | RF02983 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene; sRNA |
| SO | SO:0001263 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Fiat 2401 Cansa

abstract: The Fiat 2401 Cansa is an Italian trolleybus produced by Fiat.

text:
# Fiat 2401 Cansa

The **Fiat 2401 Cansa** is an Italian trolleybus produced by Fiat.

## History

The production of the trolleybus started in 1953. Fiat build this vehicle to satisfy the needs of the Italian trolleybus system. The bus had 21 seats and in total can take 70 people. The length of Fiat 2401 Cansa is 10,5 m and it had 2 special looking doors. There was a luggage space in the back of the trolleybus.

## Transport system

**Used in:**


title: The Lamont Cranston Band

abstract: The Lamont Cranston Band is an American blues band based in Hamel, Minnesota. It was founded in 1969 by brothers Pat and Larry Hayes and continues today with Pat as the band's frontman. The band is named after the alter ego of the pulp hero The Shadow.

text:
# The Lamont Cranston Band

**The Lamont Cranston Band** is an American blues band based in Hamel, Minnesota. It was founded in 1969 by brothers Pat and Larry Hayes and continues today with Pat as the band's frontman. The band is named after the alter ego of the pulp hero The Shadow.

## History

"Excuse Moi, Mon Cheri," written by Larry Hayes, was recorded by the Blues Brothers and released as the B-side of the band's single "Soul Man". In 1981, the band scored their biggest hit "Upper Mississippi Shakedown," although it failed to reach the *Billboard* Hot 100 singles chart.

The band has played with notable musicians such as Muddy Waters, Albert King, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Buddy Guy, the Kinks, the Yardbirds, Kansas, Yes and the Blues Brothers. In 1981, they opened for the Rolling Stones on a leg of their North American tour.

Pat Hayes played guest harmonica on a track on Percy Strother's second album, *The Highway Is My Home* (1995). It was a reworking of Little Walter's song "One of These Mornings."

## Band members

* Pat Hayes, vocals, guitar, harmonica
* Bruce McCabe, piano
* Jim Greenwell, saxophone
* Bill Pelletier, bass
* Tom Donnohue, drums
* Rod Smith, guitar
* Johnny O, guitar
* Tim Wick, organ

## Discography

### Albums

* *The Lamont Cranston Band* (1976)
* *Specials Lit* (1977)
* *El-Cee Notes* (1978)
* *Up from the Alley* (1980)
* *Shakedown* (1981)
* *Bar Wars* (1981)
* *Last Call* (1984)
* *A Measure of Time* (1986)
* *Tiger in Your Tank* (1988)
* *The Lamont Cranston Blues Band featuring Pat Hayes* (1991)
* *Upper Mississippi Shakedown: The Best of the Lamont Cranston Band* (1993)
* *Rock Awhile: The Early Years 1975–1978* (1994)
* *Roll with Me* (1997)
* *Tiger in Your Tank* (1999)
* *Lamont Live!!* (2001)
* *In the 80's* (2009)
* *Live at the People's Fair 1987* (2010)
* *Lamont Cranston Band with Bruce McCabe* (2012)

### Singles

## InfoBox

| The Lamont Cranston Band | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Minnesota, U.S. |
| Genres | Blues |
| Years active | 1969–present |


title: Feroz Award for Best Trailer

abstract: The Feroz Award for Best Trailer is one of the annual awards given at the Feroz Awards, presented by the Asociación de Informadores Cinematográficos de España. It was first presented in 2014.

text:
# Feroz Award for Best Trailer

The **Feroz Award for Best Trailer** (Spanish: *Premio Feroz al mejor tráiler*) is one of the annual awards given at the Feroz Awards, presented by the Asociación de Informadores Cinematográficos de España. It was first presented in 2014.

## Winners and nominees

### 2010s

| Year | English title | Original title | Recipient(s)/Work |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014
 | ***People in Places*** | ***Gente en sitios*** | **Film trailer** |
| | ***I'm So Excited!*** | ***Los amantes pasajeros*** | **Film teaser** |
| | *Three Many Weddings* | *3 bodas de más* | Film trailer |
| | *Witching & Bitching* | | *Las brujas de Zugarramurdi* |
| | *Cannibal* | | *Caníbal* |
| 2015
 | ***Marshland*** | ***La isla mínima*** | **Film trailer** |
| | *10,000 km* | *10.000 km* | Film trailer |
| | *Spanish Affair* | | *Ocho apellidos vascos* |
| | *Carmina y amén* | | |
| | *Magical Girl* | | |
| 2016
 | ***The Bride*** | ***La novia*** | **Film trailer** |
| | *Requirements to Be a Normal Person* | *Requisitos para ser una persona normal* | Teaser 1 |
| | *Spy Time* | *Anacleto: agente secreto* | Film trailer |
| | *Retribution* | | *El desconocido* |
| | *My Big Night* | | *Mi gran noche* |
| 2017
 | ***Kiki, Love to Love*** | ***Kiki, el amor se hace*** | **Film trailer** |
| | *Smoke & Mirrors* | *El hombre de las mil caras* | Film trailer |
| | *Julieta* | | |
| | *A Monster Calls* | | |
| | *May God Save Us* | | *Que Dios nos perdone* |
| 2018
 | ***Holy Camp!*** | ***La llamada*** | **Alberto Gutiérrez** |
| | *Summer 1993* | *Estiu 1993* | Miguel A. Trudu |
| | *The Bar* | *El bar* | Rafa Martínez |
| | *Skins* | | *Pieles* |
| | *Verónica* | | |
| | *The Motive* | *El autor* | Fernando Vallarino |
| 2019
 | ***Quién te cantará*** | | **Miguel Ángel Trudu** |
| | *Carmen & Lola* | *Carmen y Lola* | Pedro Jiménez |
| | *Everybody Knows* | *Todos lo saben* | Asghar Farhadi |
| | *The Realm* | *El reino* | Rafa Martín |
| | *Champions* | *Campeones* | Miguel Ángel Trudu and Rafa Martínez |
|

### 2020s

| Year | English title | Original title | Recipient(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020
 | ***Bye*** | ***Adiós*** | **Miguel Ángel Trudu** |
| | *Pain and Glory* | *Dolor y gloria* | Jorge Luengo |
| | *While at War* | *Mientras dure la guerra* | Rafa Martínez |
| | *The Platform* | *El hoyo* | Raúl López |
| | *Fire Will Come* | *O que arde* | Marcos Flórez |
| 2021
 | ***Unfortunate Stories*** | ***Historias lamentables*** | **Javier Fesser and Rafa Martínez** |
| | *Rosa's Wedding* | *La boda de Rosa* | Juan Santiago |
| | *Coven* | *Akelarre* | Marta Longas and Rafa Martínez |
| | *My Heart Goes Boom!* | *Explota Explota* | Miguel Ángel Trudu |
| | *Schoolgirls* | *Las niñas* | Mariana Francisco and Juan Gabriel García Román |
| 2022
 | ***The Grandmother*** | ***La abuela*** | **Miguel Ángel Trudu** |
| | *The Good Boss* | *El buen patrón* | Maurits Malschaert and Mick Aerts |
| | *Outlaws* | *Las leyes de la frontera* | Miguel Ángel Sanantonio |
| | *Parallel Mothers* | *Madres paralelas* | Alberto Leal |
| | *Maixabel* | | Rafa Martínez |
| 2023
 | ***Piggy*** | ***Cerdita*** | **Marta Longás** |
| | *The Beasts* | *As bestas* | Miguel Ángel Trudu |
| | *Manticore* | *Mantícora* | Miguel Ángel Trudu |
| | *Prison 77* | *Modelo 77* | Aitor Tapia |
| | *God's Crooked Lines* | *Los renglones torcidos de Dios* | Pedro J. Bernardo |
| 2024
 | ***Society of the Snow*** | ***La sociedad de la nieve*** | **Harry Eaton** |
| | *20,000 Species of Bees* | *20.000 especies de abejas* | Liviu Neagoe |
| | *Close Your Eyes* | *Cerrar los ojos* | Elena Gutiérrez |
| | *Jokes & Cigarettes* | *Sabel aquell* | Miguel Ángel Sanantonio |
| | *Love & Revolution* | *Te estoy amando locamente* | Mikel Garmilla |
|

## InfoBox

| Feroz Award for Best Trailer | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Best Trailer for a Spanish Film |
| Country | Spain |
| Presented by | Asociación de Informadores Cinematográficos de España |
| Currently held by | Marta Longás – *Piggy* (2023) |


title: The Monster Who Ate Jesus

abstract: The Monster Who Ate Jesus is the first studio album of Indianapolis Christian horror punk band Blaster the Rocket Man under Jackson Rubio Records, released August 10, 1999. Though technically the band's first album, the group has put out two previous records under a different name, Blaster the Rocketboy, and with a different label, Boot to Head Records.

text:
# The Monster Who Ate Jesus

***The Monster Who Ate Jesus*** is the first studio album of Indianapolis Christian horror punk band Blaster the Rocket Man under Jackson Rubio Records, released August 10, 1999. Though technically the band's first album, the group has put out two previous records under a different name, Blaster the Rocketboy, and with a different label, Boot to Head Records.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Deploy All Monsters Now!" | 3:34 |
| 2. | "It Came From Down South" | 1:22 |
| 3. | "Hopeful Monsters are Dying Everyday" | 1:15 |
| 4. | "Stampede!" | 3:12 |
| 5. | "Human Fly trap (Our Hero Escapes from Venus)" | 2:26 |
| 6. | "\[Untitled\]" | 0:45 |
| 7. | "Ransom vs. the Unman" | 1:50 |
| 8. | "March of the Macrobes" | 2:52 |
| 9. | "Cop City" | 1:38 |
| 10. | "Lovebot's Revenge" | 2:03 |
| 11. | "Disasteroid" | 1:20 |
| 12. | "\[Untitled\]" | 0:49 |
| 13. | "Frankenstein's Monster Wants a Wife" | 2:57 |
| 14. | "I Like Lycanthropy" | 2:53 |
| 15. | "Tundra Time on Thulcandra" | 1:58 |
| 16. | "Venus at St. Anne's" | 2:22 |
| 17. | "Beehive Behave" | 1:14 |
| 18. | "Baby Unvamp (is Making a Comeback)" | 7:30 |

## Themes

Christian themes and allegories are predominant throughout the album, including songs like "I Like Lycanthropy" (with lyrics such as, "You gotta die, die, die with Jesus to know the Resurrection") and "Baby Unvamp (is Making a Comeback)," featuring the lyrics, "But now we are the Bride of Jesus Christ."

Another common theme in the album is C.S. Lewis's Space Trilogy, a series of science fiction novels. The song "Ransom vs. the Unman" details the battle of Dr. Ransom and the Unman, characters of the Space Trilogy, which is featured in That Hideous Strength, the third book of the series. "Tundra Time on Thulcandra" uses various terms found throughout the trilogy, also.

Several of the songs deal with mythical creatures such as werewolves ("I Like Lycanthropy") and Frankenstein's monster ("Frankenstein's Monster Wants a Wife").

## Personnel

* Otto Bot (Daniel Petersen) – lead vocals
* Heater Hands (Dave Petersen) – guitars, drums, organ, vocals
* Oxford Don – bass

## InfoBox

| The Monster Who Ate Jesus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Blaster the Rocket Man | |
| Released | 1999 |
| Genre | Christian Horror punk |
| Length | 44:52 |
| Blaster the Rocket Man chronology | |
| *Succulent Space Food for Teething Vampires*
(1997) ***The Monster Who Ate Jesus***
(1999) *The Anatomy of a Monster*
(2004) | |


title: Fiji–Israel relations

abstract: Fiji–Israel relations were established in 1970. Relations between Fiji and Israel have generally been satisfactory. There is currently no embassy of Fiji in Israel, nor an Israeli embassy in Fiji.

text:
# Fiji–Israel relations

**Fiji–Israel relations** were established in 1970. Relations between Fiji and Israel have generally been satisfactory. There is currently no embassy of Fiji in Israel, nor an Israeli embassy in Fiji.

## History

Despite being both former colonies of the British Empire, the first major visit to Israel by a Fijian official took place in 1978. In 1986, Israeli President Chaim Herzog visited Fiji.

Fiji strained relations with Israel in July 2006, when three Israelis who arrived in Fiji on the 13th were arrested and deported. The three Israelis were detained in a jail cell at Nadi Airport for six hours for alleged mistreatment of Palestinians by Israel.

In 2016, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu met with Fijian prime minister Frank Bainimarama and thanked him.

In 2020, Israeli President Reuven Rivlin visited Fiji as part of a Pacific island nations' summit. In 2022, President Ratu Wiliame M. Katonivere visited Israel and met President Isaac Herzog at his official residence. In their meeting, they agreed to expand Israeli-Fijian relations with an emphasis on the potential use of Israeli environmental technologies and Israeli experience in the field of food security.

Following the 2022 Fijian general election, which resulted in a hung parliament, saw the People's Alliance, the National Federation Party (NFP) and the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA) begin negotiating to form a coalition government. SODELPA stated that opening an embassy in Jerusalem was one of the conditions for forming government with the two parties. The negotiations were successful and Fiji reaffirmed its commitment to opening an embassy in Jerusalem.

## InfoBox

Fiji-Israel relations
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  |  |
|
Fiji |
Israel |
|  | |


title: Mariana Rossi

abstract: Mariana Rossi is an Argentine field hockey player, who won a bronze medal with the national women's hockey team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Mariana has also won the World Cup in 2010, two Champions Trophy and the gold medal at the Pan American Cup in 2013.

text:
# Mariana Rossi

**Mariana Rossi** (born 2 January 1979 in Vicente López, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine field hockey player, who won a bronze medal with the national women's hockey team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Mariana has also won the World Cup in 2010, two Champions Trophy (2008, 2010) and the gold medal at the Pan American Cup in 2013.

## InfoBox

Mariana Rossi
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Mariana Rossi | | |
| Born | (1979-01-02) January 2, 1979<br>Vicente López, Buenos Aires, Argentina | | |
| Height | 1.69 m (5 ft 6+12 in) | | |
| Playing position | Defender | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | St. Catherine's | | |
| Senior career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
|  | St. Catherine's | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997 | Argentina U21 |  |  |
| 2008–2014 | Argentina | 102 |  |
| Medal record      Women's Field hockey  Representing  Argentina  Summer Olympics  2008 Beijing  Team  World Cup  2010 Rosario  Team  2014 The Hague  Team  Champions Trophy  2008 Mönchengladbach Team  2010 Nottingham  Team  Pan American Cup  2013 Mendoza Team | | | |


title: Festus, Missouri

abstract: Festus is a city situated in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States, and is also a suburb of St. Louis. It had a population of 12,706 individuals as of the 2020 census.

text:
# Festus, Missouri

**Festus** is a city situated in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States, and is also a suburb of St. Louis. It had a population of 12,706 individuals as of the 2020 census.

## Geography

Festus is situated just west of the Mississippi River. The city is served by I-55 and US routes 61 and 67.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.71 square miles (14.79 km2), all land.

### Climate

| Climate data for Festus, Missouri (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1934–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 80
(27) | 89
(32) | 91
(33) | 93
(34) | 96
(36) | 108
(42) | 116
(47) | 110
(43) | 105
(41) | 97
(36) | 87
(31) | 78
(26) | 116
(47) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 66.0
(18.9) | 72.0
(22.2) | 79.4
(26.3) | 85.6
(29.8) | 89.3
(31.8) | 93.7
(34.3) | 97.3
(36.3) | 97.1
(36.2) | 92.6
(33.7) | 86.1
(30.1) | 76.0
(24.4) | 67.3
(19.6) | 99.1
(37.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 41.0
(5.0) | 46.3
(7.9) | 56.3
(13.5) | 67.8
(19.9) | 76.2
(24.6) | 84.6
(29.2) | 88.4
(31.3) | 87.2
(30.7) | 80.6
(27.0) | 69.6
(20.9) | 56.0
(13.3) | 45.1
(7.3) | 66.6
(19.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 31.7
(−0.2) | 35.8
(2.1) | 44.9
(7.2) | 55.8
(13.2) | 65.0
(18.3) | 73.6
(23.1) | 77.8
(25.4) | 76.3
(24.6) | 68.9
(20.5) | 57.6
(14.2) | 45.5
(7.5) | 35.8
(2.1) | 55.7
(13.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 22.3
(−5.4) | 25.3
(−3.7) | 33.6
(0.9) | 43.8
(6.6) | 53.8
(12.1) | 62.6
(17.0) | 67.2
(19.6) | 65.4
(18.6) | 57.1
(13.9) | 45.5
(7.5) | 35.1
(1.7) | 26.5
(−3.1) | 44.9
(7.2) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 2.9
(−16.2) | 7.2
(−13.8) | 16.3
(−8.7) | 28.8
(−1.8) | 39.4
(4.1) | 51.6
(10.9) | 57.8
(14.3) | 55.0
(12.8) | 43.0
(6.1) | 29.7
(−1.3) | 19.7
(−6.8) | 9.7
(−12.4) | −0.6
(−18.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −27
(−33) | −20
(−29) | −13
(−25) | 17
(−8) | 27
(−3) | 37
(3) | 43
(6) | 40
(4) | 28
(−2) | 16
(−9) | −2
(−19) | −19
(−28) | −27
(−33) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.68
(68) | 2.51
(64) | 4.00
(102) | 4.91
(125) | 4.76
(121) | 4.74
(120) | 3.83
(97) | 3.59
(91) | 3.38
(86) | 2.83
(72) | 3.54
(90) | 2.80
(71) | 43.57
(1,107) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.1
(5.3) | 2.7
(6.9) | 1.1
(2.8) | 0.2
(0.51) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.6
(1.5) | 2.5
(6.4) | 9.2
(23) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.6 | 7.1 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 101.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 5.9 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## History

Festus originated as an outgrowth of older neighbor Crystal City. It was established in 1878 by an individual named W. J. Adams, and was known as "Tanglefoot", supposedly because of situations involving drinkers from the local glass factory, who would drunkenly get their feet tangled in brush on their way home. The city was later called Limitville, but eventually "Festus" was chosen, purported to be in honor of St. Louis banker, Festus J. Wade. Others claim the town's name was picked at random by a preacher who sat there, opened the Bible, and pointed to the name "Festus" in the Book of Acts. The City of Festus was incorporated in 1888 and grew to be one of the largest towns in the county. A post office called Festus has been in operation since 1883.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 1,335 |  |  |
| 1900 | 1,250 |  | −6.4% |
| 1910 | 2,556 |  | 104.5% |
| 1920 | 3,348 |  | 31.0% |
| 1930 | 4,085 |  | 22.0% |
| 1940 | 4,620 |  | 13.1% |
| 1950 | 5,199 |  | 12.5% |
| 1960 | 7,021 |  | 35.0% |
| 1970 | 7,530 |  | 7.2% |
| 1980 | 7,574 |  | 0.6% |
| 1990 | 8,105 |  | 7.0% |
| 2000 | 9,660 |  | 19.2% |
| 2010 | 11,602 |  | 20.1% |
| 2020 | 12,706 |  | 9.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2020 census

The 2020 United States census counted 12,706 individuals, 4,765 households, and 3,229 families in Festus. The population density was 2,149.9 per square mile (831.0/km2). There were 5,104 housing units at an average density of 863.6 per square mile (333.8/km2). The racial makeup was 87.99% (11,180) white, 3.18% (404) black or African-American, 0.32% (41) Native American, 0.64% (81) Asian, 0.05% (6) Pacific Islander, 0.67% (85) from other races, and 7.15% (909) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.0% (359) of the population.

Of the 4,765 households, 30.7% had children under the age of 18; 45.0% were married couples living together; 35.8% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 28.2% consisted of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.0.

21.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 83.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 90.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $59,041 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,486) and the median family income was $66,773 (+/- $11,558). Males had a median income of $37,913 (+/- $3,471) versus $30,682 (+/- $4,826) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $33,353 (+/- $5,734). Approximately, 6.0% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under the age of 18 and 5.4% of those ages 65 or over.

### 2010 census

At the 2010 census there were 11,602 individuals, 4,636 households, and 3,036 families living in the city. The population density was 2,031.9 inhabitants per square mile (784.5/km2). There were 4,972 housing units at an average density of 870.8 per square mile (336.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 3.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2%.

Of the 4,636 households 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.5% were non-families. 28.7% of households were one person and 12.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age was 34.9 years. 26.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.9% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

### 2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 9,660 individuals, 1,000 households, and 2,606 families living in the city. The population density was 2,020.2 inhabitants per square mile (780.0/km2). There were 4,040 housing units at an average density of 844.9 per square mile (326.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.66% White, 3.93% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04%.

Of the 3,861 households 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 28.0% of households were one person and 12.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.97.

The age distribution was 5.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

Males had a median income of $36,159 versus $25,108 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,035. About 7.0% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

### Religion

Festus is home to a wide variety of religions, including Christians, Muslims, Pagans and Jews. Atheist and non-believer individuals make up 63% of the population, while God believers make up the remaining 37%, the vast majority being Christian. 12.9% are Baptist, 14.2% are Catholic and 2.8% are Lutheran.

Festus is the home of the alt-country band The Bottle Rockets.

The town is mentioned in the 1974 country song "(We're Not) The Jet Set," in which George Jones and Tammy Wynette sing about road tripping around the Midwestern and Southern part of the United States in a Chevrolet while falling in love.

The *Drunken Peasants* podcast had a running gag situation in the form of a feud with individual Brett Keane, a YouTuber and resident of Festus. The feud involved satirizing Brett Keane as well as particular aspects of Festus.

## Education

Festus R-VI School District operates Festus High School.

St. Pius X High School, Our Lady Catholic School (K-8) and Twin City Christian Academy (K-12) are private institutions.

Festus has a lending library, the Festus Public Library.

## News and media

## Transportation

## Notable Animal

Travis (chimpanzee), animal actor famous for mauling a woman.

1. "Mayor". City of Festus. Archived from the original on May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
2. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
3. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Festus, Missouri
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
5. "Festus, Missouri". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
6. *Missouri Atlas & Gazetteer,* DeLorme, 1st ed. 1998, p.49 ISBN 0899332242
7. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
8. "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
9. "Station: Festus, MO". *U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)*. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
10. "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
11. Lisa K. Gendron. The History of Jefferson County Missouri (PDF) (Report).
12. "JOIN-N - Jefferson County History - Crystal City and Festus". *www.jeffersoncountyonline.org*. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
13. "Post Offices". Jim Forte Postal History. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
14. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
15. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
16. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
17. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
18. "Religion in Festus, Missouri". *bestplaces*. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
19. "The Bottle Rockets | Biography & History | AllMusic". *AllMusic*. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
20. "(We're Not) The Jet Set". *Rolling Stone*. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
21. "Drunken Peasants". *YouTube*. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
22. "Missouri Public Libraries". PublicLibraries.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Festus, Missouri | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Festus, Missouri | |
| Location of Festus, Missouri | |
| Coordinates: 38°13′10″N 90°24′35″W / 38.21944°N 90.40972°W / 38.21944; -90.40972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| County | Jefferson |
| Incorporated | 1887 |
| Government | |
| Type | Mayor–council government |
| Mayor | Sam Richards |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.91 sq mi (15.29 km2) |
| Land | 5.91 sq mi (15.29 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 512 ft (156 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 12,706 |
| Density | 2,151.74/sq mi (830.83/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 63028 |
| Area code | 636 |
| FIPS code | 29-24094 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2394763 |
| Website | City website |


title: The Mayor (2017 film)

abstract: The Mayor is a 2017 South Korean political drama film written and directed by Park In-je. It stars Choi Min-sik, Kwak Do-won, Shim Eun-kyung, Moon So-ri, Ra Mi-ran, Ryu Hye-young, and Ki Hong Lee. The film was released in South Korea on April 26, 2017 and in the US and Canada on April 28.

text:
# The Mayor (2017 film)

***The Mayor*** (Korean: 특별시민; Hanja: 特別市民; RR: *Teukbyeolsimin*, lit. "Special Citizen") is a 2017 South Korean political drama film written and directed by Park In-je. It stars Choi Min-sik, Kwak Do-won, Shim Eun-kyung, Moon So-ri, Ra Mi-ran, Ryu Hye-young, and Ki Hong Lee. The film was released in South Korea on April 26, 2017 and in the US and Canada on April 28.

## Plot

Byeon Jong-gu, the incumbent mayor of Seoul, seeks a third term which will set him up for a run at the presidency. As the election campaign gets underway, Byeon employs all ways and means to keep his darkest secrets hidden from his adoring public. Wiretapping, corruption, murder—everything is on the table and no one is safe.

## Cast

### Special appearance

## Production

Filming commenced on April 28, 2016 and wrapped four months later.

Writer-director Park In-je began working on the script in 2014. Park said the film was not made to focus on the dark side of political elections, but as a means to shed light on human's "unremitting desire for power". The film also marks star Choi Min-sik's second time ever to portray a politician after 1995's MBC TV series *The Fourth Republic*, in which he played late President Kim Dae-jung. Unlike *The Fourth Republic*, the character of Byeon in *The Mayor* was not modeled after a particular politician. Choi said: "I embodied the character by synthesizing all the images that I had about politicians… Up until \[shooting the film\], I had never been directly engaged in politics or met closely with politicians… After trying to think of the image of politicians, I concluded that speech is the most important skill for them. Politicians rise and fall from the words they used. So I decided to focus on having a good command of language when playing Byeon Jong-gu".

## Release

*The Mayor* was released on 1,152 screens in South Korea on April 26, 2017. It topped the box office on its opening day, with 185,776 tickets sold. During its opening weekend, it earned $6.1 million from 904,000 admissions over five days ranking first at the box office.

The film was released in the US and Canada on April 28, 2017 and was distributed by Well Go USA.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | 54th Grand Bell Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Kwak Do-won | Nominated |
| | | Best Supporting Actress | Moon So-ri | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

| The Mayor | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
|  | |
| Hangul | 특별시민 |
| Hanja | 特別市民 |
| Revised Romanization | *Teukbyeolsimin* |
|  | |
| Directed by | Park In-je |
| Written by | Park In-je |
| Produced by | Jeong Byeong-wuk |
| Starring | Choi Min-sik
Kwak Do-won
Shim Eun-kyung
Moon So-ri
Ra Mi-ran
Ryu Hye-young
Ki Hong Lee |
| Edited by | Kim Chang-ju |
| Music by | Park In-young |
| Production
company | Palette Pictures |
| Distributed by | Showbox |
| Release date | * April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26) |
| Running time | 130 minutes |
| Country | South Korea |
| Language | Korean |
| Box office | US$9.6 million |


title: Marianne Sághy

abstract: Marianne Sághy (1961–2018) was a Hungarian expert on the religious and social culture of Late Antiquity, with an especial focus on the cult of saints and hagiography. She was associate professor at the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, and at the Department of Medieval and Early Modern Universal History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest.

text:
# Marianne Sághy

**Marianne Sághy** (1961–2018) was a Hungarian expert on the religious and social culture of Late Antiquity, with an especial focus on the cult of saints and hagiography. She was associate professor at the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, and at the Department of Medieval and Early Modern Universal History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest.

## Biography

### Early life and education

Sághy was born in 1961. She attended the Szilágyi Erzsébet Secondary School, Budapest. She graduated from Eötvös Loránd University in 1985 with a degree in History and French. She received a French government scholarship (1984–85) to study at the Centre d'Études Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale, Université de Poitiers. Her Master's thesis was entitled *Pierre Dubois’ Plan for the Recovery of the Holy Land in 1306.* Between 1986 and 1987 she was a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford, receiving a stipend from the Soros Foundation. In 1989 she began her PhD at the University of Princeton. Her supervisors were Natalie Zemon Davis and Peter Brown. She was awarded her PhD in 1998 for a thesis entitled *Patrons and Priests: The Roman Senatorial Aristocracy and the Church, AD 355-384.*

### Career

In 1993 she was a founding member of the Department of Medieval Studies at Central European University, where she was employed as a lecturer. From 1999 to 2003 she was the Academic Director of the Hungarian Cultural Institute, Paris, where she sought to promote French-Hungarian scientific and cultural relations. Sághy held the position of President of the Hungarian Hagiography Society. She sat on the editorial boards of such academic journals as the *Annual of the Department of Medieval Studies* and the *Hungarian Historical Review*.

Sághy has been described as 'a well-versed and fruitful author, a translator of important works and a writer of serious scholarship'. Her contribution to scholarship on late antique and medieval religion and hagiography through teaching, organising and presenting at international conferences, authoring and editing books and source editions, and publishing around 60 individual scholarly studies, was 'internationally recognised'.

### Death

Sághy died on 21 September 2018 at the age of fifty-seven. Her last book, *Saint Martin, Soldier of Christ*, was published only a few weeks before her death. A Colloquium in her honour will be held at the Central European University in June 2019, entitled 'Dis/embodiment and Im/materiality: Uncovering the Body, Gender and Sexuality in Philosophies of Late Antiquity - In Memoriam Marianne Sagh (1961-2018). Speakers include Professor Susanna Elm. The Hungarian Institute of Paris honores her in November 2019 with a presentation of a book published a few weeks after her death: an edition, French translation and presentation of the works of Pierre Dubois, De la reconquête de la Terre Sainte - De l'abrègement des guerres et procès du royaume des Francs, intro, éd. et trad. M. SAGHY, A. LEONAS et P.-A. FORCADET, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2019.

## Publications

### Monographs and edited volumes

* (ed.) *Women and Power in East Central Europe: Medieval and Modern* (Idyllywild: Charles Schlacks, 1993)
* *Women and Power in East Central Europe: Medieval and Modern* (Los Angeles: Ch. Schlacks, Centre for Multietnic and Transnational Studies, University of Southern California, 1996)
* *Versek és vértanúk: a római mártírkultusz Damasus pápa korában, 366-384* \[Poems and martyrs: The Roman cult of martyrs at the time of Pope Damasus\] (Budapest: Hungarus Paulus, 2003)
* *Isten barátai: Szent és szentéletrajz a késő antikvitásban* \[Friends of God: Saints and hagiography in the Late Antiquity\] (Budapest : Kairosz, 2005)
* *Fifteen Years of Medieval Studies in Central Europe* (Budapest: Central European University, 2009)
* (ed. with Michele Renee Salzman and Rita Lizzi Testa) *Pagans and Christians in Late Antique Rome: Conflict, Competition, and Coexistence in the Fourth Century* (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016)
* (ed. with Edward M. Schoolman) *Pagans and Christians in the Late Roman Empire: New Evidence, New Approaches (4th-8th centuries)* (Budapest: Central European University, 2018)
* *Szent Márton, Krisztus katonája* \[Saint Martin, soldier of Christ\] (Szombathely: Szülőföld Kiadó, 2018)
* Pierre Dubois, De la reconquête de la Terre Sainte - De l'abrègement des guerres et procès du royaume des Francs, intro, éd. et trad. M. SAGHY, A. LEONAS et P.-A. FORCADET, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2019.

### Translations

Translated from English to Hungarian:

* Peter Brown, *The Cult of the Saints; Augustine of Hippo: A Biography*
* Robert Markus, *Saint Gregory the Great and his Age*
* Pierre Riché, *Éducation et culture dans l’Occident barbare*

Translated from Latin to French

* Pierre Dubois, De la reconquête de la Terre Sainte - De l'abrègement des guerres et procès du royaume des Francs, intro, éd. et trad. M. SAGHY, A. LEONAS et P.-A. FORCADET, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2019.

### Articles and book chapters

* 'Aspects of Female Rulership in Late Medieval Literature: the Queens' Reign in Angevin Hungary', *East Central Europe*, vol. 20, issue 1 (1993) 69-86
* '*Scinditur in partes populus*: Pope Damasus and the Martyrs of Rome', *Early Medieval Europe,* vol. 9 no. 3 (2000) 273-87
* 'Pope Damasus and the Beginnings of Roman Hagiography', *Promoting the Saints: Cults and their Contexts from Late Antiquity until the Early Modern Period: Essays in Honor of Gábor Klaniczay for His 60th Birthday*, edited by Ottó Gecser, Jozsef Laszlovsky, Marcell Sebok, Katalin Szende, and Balazs Nagy (Budapest : Central European University Press, 2011) 1-17
* 'Veste Regia Indutus: Representations of the Emperor in the Vita Martini', *IKON,* vol. 5 (2012) 47-55
* 'Hungarians in Hell. The Visions of Laurentius de Tar', *IKON* (2013) 29-37
* 'Strangers to Patrons: Bishop Damasus and the Foreign Martyrs of Rome', *The Hungarian Historical Review*, vol. 5 no. 3 (2016) 465-86

## InfoBox

| Marianne Sághy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1961
Hungary |
| Died | 2018 (aged 5657) |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Princeton University, 1998 |
| Thesis | *Patrons and Priests: The Roman Senatorial Aristocracy and the Church, AD 355-384* |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | History |
| Sub-discipline | Late Antiquity |
| Institutions | Central European University
Hungarian Cultural Institute
University of Oxford |
|  | |


title: Fields, Louisiana

abstract: Fields is an unincorporated community in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana. United States.

text:
# Fields, Louisiana

**Fields** is an unincorporated community in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana. United States.

## Notable person

## InfoBox

| Fields, Louisiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Fields, LouisianaFields, Louisiana | |
| Coordinates: 30°31′35″N 93°34′30″W / 30.52639°N 93.57500°W / 30.52639; -93.57500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Louisiana |
| Parish | Beauregard |
| Elevation | 105 ft (32 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 337 |
| GNIS feature ID | 554398 |