title: Etzenborn

abstract: Etzenborn is a village in the Lower Saxony Gemeinde Gleichen, Germany. The agricultural village had 216 inhabitants on the last day of 2010. The village, called Eghenburnen in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, before it was abandoned, was rebuilt around 1534. The village lies in a valley surrounded by the forested hills Stadtberg, Hunoldsberg, Gehlenberg, Silberberg, Klafterberg, and das Rote Ufer. The fields and hills are traversed by farm roads and paths. The village lies on Kreisstrasse 44. The nearest large city is Göttingen, the Landkreis capital, about 25 km to the north-west by road, with Duderstadt just 12 km to the north-east and Heiligenstadt the same distance south. The one church in the community was built around the end of the 19th century. The single-nave edifice is in neo-Gothic style. It serves the Reformed (Calvinist) congregation of the community. Community organizations include Schützenverein e.V. 1924, a mixed chorus, a sports club, and volunteer fire fighters.

text:
# Etzenborn

**Etzenborn** is a village in the Lower Saxony *Gemeinde* Gleichen, Germany.

The agricultural village had 216 inhabitants on the last day of 2010. The village, called Eghenburnen in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, before it was abandoned, was rebuilt around 1534 . The village lies in a valley surrounded by the forested hills Stadtberg, Hunoldsberg, Gehlenberg, Silberberg, Klafterberg, and das Rote Ufer. The fields and hills are traversed by farm roads and paths.

The village lies on *Kreisstrasse* 44. The nearest large city is Göttingen, the *Landkreis* capital, about 25 km to the north-west by road, with Duderstadt just 12 km to the north-east and Heiligenstadt the same distance south.

The one church in the community was built around the end of the 19th century. The single-nave edifice is in neo-Gothic style. It serves the Reformed (Calvinist) congregation of the community.

Community organizations include Schützenverein e.V. 1924, a mixed chorus, a sports club, and volunteer fire fighters.

1. Das bietet Etzenborn

## InfoBox

| Etzenborn | |
| --- | --- |
| Ortsteil of Gleichen | |
|  | |
| Location of Etzenborn | |
| Etzenborn Etzenborn | |
| Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 10°09′00″E / 51.46667°N 10.15000°E / 51.46667; 10.15000 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Göttingen |
| Municipality | Gleichen |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 216 |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |


title: Etbin Kristan

abstract: Etbin Kristan was a Slovenian labour leader and Social Democratic politician and writer during the late-Austrian-Hungarian and the Yugoslav monarchy.

text:
# Etbin Kristan

**Etbin Kristan** (15 April 1867 – 22 November 1953) was a Slovenian labour leader and Social Democratic politician and writer during the late-Austrian-Hungarian and the Yugoslav monarchy.

## Biography

Kristan was born in Ljubljana, Duchy of Carniola, Austria-Hungary (now the capital of Slovenia) and baptized *Ethbin*. He attended high school in Ljubljana and in Zagreb. After finishing high school, he enrolled in the military school in Karlovac. In 1887, he quit the military, moved to Vienna, and dedicated himself to journalism.

In Vienna, he became active in the labor movement. In 1896, he co-founded the Yugoslav Social Democratic Party (JSDS), and served as its chairman until 1914. Kristan belonged to the left wing of the party. He was one of the mastermind of non-territorial autonomy, but was not able to convince his comrades from other Austrian social Democratic parties. He advocated cultural autonomy for all the peoples in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and clashed with the right wing of his party (represented by Albin Prepeluh, Dragotin Lončar and Josip Ferfolja), which demanded territorial autonomy for Yugoslav peoples.

In 1914, he emigrated to the United States. He returned shortly after the end of World War I and served as member of the first parliament of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Disappointed by the political development in Yugoslavia, he moved back to America in 1921. He settled in Cleveland, Ohio, and co-founded the Slovene Republican Association of America, which he chaired.

He returned to Yugoslavia shortly before his death in 1951. He died in Ljubljana in 1953.

## Literary career

In addition to his political career, Kristan was a translator, journalist, poet, and novelist, and the editor of many Slovene publications based in Europe and the United States.


title: Eugenia South oil field

abstract: The Eugenia South oil field is an oil field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce oil. The total proven reserves of the Eugenia South oil field are around 18.5 million barrels (2.6×10⁶tonnes), and production is centered on 800 barrels per day (130 m⁳/d).

text:
# Eugenia South oil field

The **Eugenia South oil field** is an oil field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce oil. The total proven reserves of the Eugenia South oil field are around 18.5 million barrels (2.6×106tonnes), and production is centered on 800 barrels per day (130 m3/d).

## InfoBox

| Eugenia South | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Romania |
| Region | Black Sea |
| Block | Pelican |
| Offshore/onshore | offshore |
| Operator | Sterling Resources |
| Field history | |
| Discovery | 2010 |
| Start of development | 2014 |
| Start of production | 2015 |
| Production | |
| Current production of oil | 800 barrels per day (~40,000 t/a) |
| Estimated oil in place | 2.6 million tonnes
(~ 2.94×10~~^~~6 m3 or 18.5 million bbl) |


title: Testo SE

abstract: Testo SE & Co. KGaA is a company from Lenzkirch, founded in 1957, with its headquarters in Titisee-Neustadt, Germany. The company has 35 subsidiary firms in China, Japan, Korea, USA, France, Spain, Italy, and other countries and employs around 3200 people. 1700 alone at its sites in Lenzkirch, Kirchzarten, and Titisee. The company's headquarters were moved from Lenzkirch to Titisee at the end of 2019. Testo first made 200 million € worth of business in 2011 and had incoming orders worth 208 million €. The company invests about 10% of its annual income into research and development. In 2018, the company first gained an income of over 300 million €. Testo is a member of the Industrial Companies Trading Association Baden.

text:
# Testo SE

**Testo SE** & Co. KGaA is a company from Lenzkirch, founded in 1957, with its headquarters in Titisee-Neustadt, Germany.

The company has 35 subsidiary firms in China, Japan, Korea, USA, France, Spain, Italy, and other countries and employs around 3200 people. 1700 alone at its sites in Lenzkirch, Kirchzarten, and Titisee. The company's headquarters were moved from Lenzkirch to Titisee at the end of 2019.

Testo first made 200 million € worth of business in 2011 and had incoming orders worth 208 million €. The company invests about 10% of its annual income into research and development. In 2018, the company first gained an income of over 300 million €.

Testo is a member of the Industrial Companies Trading Association Baden.

## History

The company Testo SE & Co. KGaA, as it exists today, was founded as *Department of Thermometer Development* in a branch factory of the *Atmos Fritsching & Co. GmbH Viernheim* in Lenzkirch in 1957 („Chem.-Pharm. Präparate und Medizinisch-Technische Apparate“). The company specialised in the medical sector, producing pharmaceuticals and medical-technical apparatus, with roots in the Kaiser-Friedricks-Apotheke, establishing in Berlin in 1888. The company produced suction pumps and pharmaceuticals for medical use.

Paul Fritzsching, then Managing Director of Boehringer & Söhne in Mannheim, acquired an interest in Atmos Fritzsching & Co. in the 1930s due to his interest in the company's innovations in medical technology. After relocating the brand and operations to Mannheim, the company moved to Freiburg im Breisgau in 1938, where it manufactured compressors for technical and medical applications. When the Freiburg plant was destroyed during an air raid in 1944, the company again relocated, to Lenzkirch in the Black Forest.

In 1957, Hans Bauer, founder of the thermometer construction department, developed an electronic clinical thermometer with an analogue display for measuring fever. The device's measuring range was expanded to measure temperatures outside the range of body temperature, leading to its use for industrial and research purposes. As the product line continued to evolve away from medical uses, on 1 April 1981, the *Electronic Measuring Devices* department was spun off into a new entity named *Testoterm KG Fritzsching,* based in Viernheim*,* with its Lenzkirch plant continuing to grow in the field of industrial measurement technology.

In 1984, the *Atmos Fritzsching & Co. GmbH Betrieb Elektronischer Messgeräte* was restructured into *Testoterm Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG,* which, from that point on, was responsible for development and production. The sales arm continued working under *Testoterm Fritzsching GmbH & Co. KG*. The two companies merged into *Testoterm Fritzsching GmbH & Co.* on 1 January 1993. The new CEOs were Gerd Knospe, Wolfgang Hessler, and Peter Greiser. As the product range had expanded beyond temperature management the company rebranded to *Testo GmbH & Co. KG* in July 1993.

In 1999, Testo acquired 75% of the *Atmos Medizin Technik GmbH & Co. KG*, which was its former parent company. It also spun off its service division, *Testo Industrial Services.* On 1 January 2002, Testo GmbH & Co. became Testo AG, though the company remained privately held and was not listed on the stock exchange. In 2005, the managing directors of Atmos bought out Testo shares.

On 1 July 2010, Testo acquired *Matter Engineering AG* in Wohlen, Switzerland, which specialised in dust management devices. The subsidiary, *Matter Aerosol AG*, was later integrated into Testo.

In January 2011, *Testo Sensor GmbH* was established. Focusing on the development, production, and sale of temperature sensors and thermometers implanted into heating systems and solar equipment, in coffee machines and air-conditioning in cars, among others areas. That same year, Testo AG offered their extended management 5% of its shares. This parcel of shares was then signed over.

In the summer of 2016, the company's legal form changed from *Testo AG* to *Testo SE & Co. KGaA*.

The construction of a second office building in Titisee started in March 2017. This structure was completed and occupied in 2019.

### History of Headquarters

Atmos' department of thermometer development was first located on the top floor of the former school in Unterlenzkirch. The company moved into a villa formerly owned by the clock factory of Lenzkirch. Connected to this building directly, on the area of the old train station of Lenzkirch, new production plants and buildings for administration were constructed in 1971, 1975, 1978, 1982, 1990, 2001, and 2007, creating space for about 800 employees. This number of employees exceeded whatever space there was left in Lenzkirch, which is why Testo started building the first of four Buildings in Titisee in early 2010. Since the beginning of 2012, 250 people are working there. The second phase of construction was planned for 2017/2018, so that the location in Titisee could offer space for up to 1200 employees. When Testo finished the construction of the second building, the company moved its headquarters to Titisee but the location in Lenzkirch still remaines.

## Products

The company offers measuring devices for refrigeration-, air-conditioning-, and environmental technology, for emission- and flue gas analysis, as well as for measuring interior air- and food quality. The most innovative products are a measuring device for fine dust, a measuring device for frier oil, thermographic cameras, a cloud-based monitoring system for measured data, measuring solutions like the HACCP management system and devices which can be controlled via smartphone, like the Smart Probes.

## Controversies

In March 2016, the union IG Metall accused Testo of preventing the foundation of an employee representative committee for several years. All initiatives by the employees and the union were torpedoed by the management, which said that a secret vote had shown that the employees were not interested in having a representative committee. Management was accused of secretly pressuring employees and preventing the union from effectively informing them. Management started to advertise a different system, a professional staff committee, instead.

In early 2017, a case of fraud within the company was made public. A longtime employee was accused of embezzlement of 1.5 million € between 2008 and 2015 by exploiting the company's voucher system. Testo pressed charges against her.

## Awards

Testo has received numerous awards and recognitions for its innovation and leadership in various fields.

In 2007, it was honored as a selected location of the "Germany - Land of Ideas" initiative (de:"Deutschland - Land der Ideen"). Two years later, in 2009, Testo was recognized with the TOP 100 seal of approval, ranking it among Germany's most innovative companies. It also received recognition from the "Sachen Machen" initiative of the Association of German Engineers. In 2010, Testo was awarded the Axia Award by Deloitte in the category "With the customer into the future - from customer idea to innovation.

Testo has also been listed among the "Top 100 Most Innovative Companies" in 2012 and named one of the top 100 best German SMEs by *Wirtschaftswoche* magazine in 2013. In 2014, the Munich Strategy Group recognized Testo as one of the "50 Innovation Champions of German SMEs." The company's testo 870 thermal imaging "testo 870" thermographic camera won the German Design Award 2016 in the "Workshop & Tools" category, and in the same year, Testo was named Innovator of the Year by *brand eins Wissen* and Statista.

In 2018, Testo once again received the TOP 100 seal of approval, and between 2019 and 2021, it secured the "Fair Company" award. Testo qualified for the "Kununu Top Company" award in 2022, and *Focus-Business* selected it as one of the "Top National Employers 2022." Most recently, in 2023, Testo was included in the list of 500 world market leaders compiled by the University of St. Gallen.

## InfoBox

Testo SE
|
|  |
| Company type | SE & Co. KGaA |
| Industry | Measurement Devices |
| Founded | 1957 |
| Headquarters | Titisee-Neustadt, Germany |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Owner | Burkhard Knospe, Peter Kräuter, Eckhard Kloth, Karoline Kalb |


title: Estadio Marcelo Tinoco

abstract: Estadio Marcelo Tinoco is a multi-use stadium located in Danlí, Honduras. It is currently used mostly for football matches and it's Lobos UPNFM home stadium.

text:
# Estadio Marcelo Tinoco

**Estadio Marcelo Tinoco** is a multi-use stadium located in Danlí, Honduras. It is currently used mostly for football matches and it's Lobos UPNFM home stadium.

## History

The name of the stadium is a tribute to goalkeeper Marcelo Tinoco, who played in the 1960s and suffered several internal blows after a football match which led him to death.

14°02′00″N 86°34′28″W / 14.03333°N 86.57444°W / 14.03333; -86.57444

## InfoBox

Estadio Marcelo Tinoco
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Estadio Marcelo Tinoco |
| Location | Danlí, Honduras |
| Capacity | 5 000 |
| Field size | 105 x 67 |
| Tenants | |
| Súper Estrella
Necaxa
Estrella Roja
Real de Minas
Lobos UPNFM | |


title: Eudaroniidae

abstract: Eudaroniidae is a family of gastropods belonging to the order Seguenziida. The family consists of only one genus: Eudaronia Cotton, 1945.

text:
# Eudaroniidae

**Eudaroniidae** is a family of gastropods belonging to the order Seguenziida. The family consists of only one genus: ***Eudaronia*** Cotton, 1945.

## InfoBox

| Eudaroniidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Seguenzioidea |
| Family: | Eudaroniidae<br>Gründel, 2004 |
|


title: Eudasyphora canadiana

abstract: Eudasyphora canadiana is a species of fly.

text:
# Eudasyphora canadiana

***Eudasyphora canadiana*** is a species of fly.

## Distribution

Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon, Indiana

## InfoBox

| *Eudasyphora canadiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Muscidae |
| Subfamily: | Muscinae |
| Tribe: | Muscini |
| Genus: | *Eudasyphora* |
| Species: | ***E. canadiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eudasyphora canadiana***<br>Cuny, 1980 | |
|


title: Tetrabromonickelate

abstract:
The tetrabromonickelate anion contains a doubly-charged nickel atom (Ni2+) surrounded by four bromide ions in a tetrahedral arrangement. The formula is [NiBr4]2−. The anion combines with cations to form a series of salts called tetrabromonickelates.
Strongly-coordinating solvents will displace one or more of the bromido ligands from the complex.
Solvents that can dissolve tetrabromonickelate include acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, and nitromethane. In the visible absorption spectrum there is a strong absorption band termed ν3 near 710 nm which is caused by an electronic transition from ⁳T1(F) → ⁳T1(P). Another strong absorption in the near infrared called ν2 near 770 nm is due to the ⁳T1(F) → ⁳A2(F) transition.

text:
# Tetrabromonickelate

The **tetrabromonickelate** anion contains a doubly-charged nickel atom (Ni2+) surrounded by four bromide ions in a tetrahedral arrangement. The formula is \[NiBr4\]2−.

The anion combines with cations to form a series of salts called **tetrabromonickelates**. Strongly-coordinating solvents will displace one or more of the bromido ligands from the complex. Solvents that can dissolve tetrabromonickelate include acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, and nitromethane.

In the visible absorption spectrum there is a strong absorption band termed *ν*3 near 710 nm which is caused by an electronic transition from 3T1(F) → 3T1(P). Another strong absorption in the near infrared called *ν*2 near 770 nm is due to the 3T1(F) → 3A2(F) transition.

## Salts

Dilithium tetrabromonickelate forms a dark blue solution in tetrahydrofuran.

A mixture of lithium bromide and nickel bromide in water or methanol can transfer \[NiBr4\]2− ions into a cyclohexane-amine mixture. The solution formed is green.

Tetraethylammonium tetrabromonickelate is blue.

tetra-*n*-butylammonium tetrabromonickelate is purple blue in color, melting around 83°C. It is formed from nickel bromide and tetra-*n*-butylammonium bromide in ethyl alcohol.

Tetraphenylphosphonium tetrabromonickelate(II) can be made from nickel bromide, triphenylphosphine, and bromobenzene by heating them together in a sealed tube at 250 °C. This substance is dark blue. If it is heated over 260° the color changes to green, and it melts at 273 °C.

A dark blue oil, bis-(*o*-tolyltriethylphosphonium) tetrabromonickelate (o-CH3C6H6PEt3)2NiBr4 can be made from the reaction of *o*-tolyl bis-triethylphosphine, nickel bromide and *o*-tolyl bromide. (o-CH3OC6H6PEt3)2NiBr4 and (C6H5PEt3)2NiBr4 are made in a similar way.

bis-(benzo\[*e*\]-1,3-dithiepan-2-diethylimmonium) tetrabromonickelate, abbreviated as (xdtc)2NiBr4, has dark blue crystals that melt at 166 °C. It is made from α,α'-dibromo-*o*-xylene and bis-(*N,N*-diethyldithiocarbamato)nickel(II) dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane.

bis-(tetra-*n*-butylphosphonium) tetrabromonickelate can form as a glass when nickel bromide is dissolved in molten tetra-*n*-butylphosphonium iodide.

Blue 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium tetrabromonickelate \[H2NN(CH3)3\]2NiBr4 is a salt stable between 70° and 260 °C. It can be formed by heating an octahedral neutral nickel complex where the trimethylhydrazinium and bromide are all ligands on a nickel atom. The salt decomposes at room temperature to polymeric trimethylhydrazinium nickel tribromide. The salt decomposes when dissolved in polar solvents, due to solvolysis.

One bromine atom can be substituted by other ligands, such as triphenylphosphine, to make a dark green triphenylphosphinetribromonickelate ion. Analogous tetrahedral nickelates include tetrafluoronickelates, tetrachloronickelates, tetraiodonickelates, and tetracyanonickelates.


title: Mac Flaithniadh

abstract: Mac Flaithniadh was Abbot of Clonfert.

text:
# Mac Flaithniadh

**Mac Flaithniadh** (died 778) was Abbot of Clonfert.

* Seán Mac Airt; Gearóid Mac Niocaill, eds. (1983). *The Annals of Ulster (to AD 1131)*. Translated by Mac Airt; Mac Niocaill. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
* *Annals of Tigernach* at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
* Revised edition of McCarthy's synchronisms at Trinity College Dublin.
* Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Dublin: Four Courts Press, ISBN 978-1-85182-196-9
* Lysaght, Eamonn (1978), The Surnames of Ireland. ISBN 0-7165-2278-0, pp. 233–34.


title: Eupoecilia sumbana

abstract: Eupoecilia sumbana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sumba in Indonesia.

text:
# Eupoecilia sumbana

***Eupoecilia sumbana*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sumba in Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| *Eupoecilia sumbana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eupoecilia* |
| Species: | ***E. sumbana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupoecilia sumbana***<br>(Diakonoff, 1953) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Clysia sumbana* Diakonoff, 1953 | |


title: Eupoecilia taneces

abstract: Eupoecilia taneces is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Eupoecilia taneces

***Eupoecilia taneces*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Eupoecilia taneces* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eupoecilia* |
| Species: | ***E. taneces*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupoecilia taneces***<br>(Diakonoff, 1973) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aethes taneces* Diakonoff, 1973 | |


title: Tetheamyrma

abstract: Tetheamyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Tetheamyrma subspongia. The genus is known only from two workers collected in a leaf litter sample in eastern Malaysia.

text:
# Tetheamyrma

***Tetheamyrma*** is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species ***Tetheamyrma subspongia***. The genus is known only from two workers collected in a leaf litter sample in eastern Malaysia.

## InfoBox

| *Tetheamyrma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Tetheamyrma subspongia* worker | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Genus: | *Tetheamyrma*
Bolton, 1991 |
| Species: | ***T. subspongia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tetheamyrma subspongia***
Bolton, 1991 | |
|


title: Eupithecia haworthiata

abstract: Eupithecia haworthiata, or Haworth's pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Henry Doubleday in 1856. It can be found in western, south and central Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and east across the Palearctic to Amur. It occurs in the Alps up to 1800 meters, in the Apennines up to 1400 metres and in the Balkan mountains up to 1500 m above sea level. The wingspan is 12–14 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is grey brown. The crosslines are in pairs. A central spot is missing. There is a faint discal stain on the hindwings. The colour of the first abdominal segments is strongly yellow, orange or reddish. The moths flies from April to August depending on the location. The caterpillars feed on Clematis vitalba and cultivated Clematis species.The pupa hibernates and often 2 or even 3 winters are passed in this state.

text:
# Eupithecia haworthiata

***Eupithecia haworthiata***, or **Haworth's pug**, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Henry Doubleday in 1856. It can be found in western, south and central Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and east across the Palearctic to Amur. It occurs in the Alps up to 1800 meters, in the Apennines up to 1400 metres and in the Balkan mountains up to 1500 m above sea level.

The wingspan is 12–14 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is grey brown. The crosslines are in pairs. A central spot is missing. There is a faint discal stain on the hindwings. The colour of the first abdominal segments is strongly yellow, orange or reddish.

The moths flies from April to August depending on the location.

The caterpillars feed on *Clematis vitalba* and cultivated *Clematis* species.The pupa hibernates and often 2 or even 3 winters are passed in this state.

## Subspecies

* *Eupithecia haworthiata haworthiata*
* *Eupithecia haworthiata transsylvanaria* (Dannehl, 1933)

## Similar species

but neither of these have a reddish or yellow tinge to the basal segments of the abdomen.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia haworthiata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. haworthiata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia haworthiata***<br>Doubleday, 1856 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eupithecia isogrammaria* Herrich-Schaffer, 1848 * *Tephroclystia transsylvanaria* Dannehl, 1933 * *Eupithecia gozmanyi* Vojnits, 1972 | |


title: Eupithecia hashimotoi

abstract: Eupithecia hashimotoi is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.

text:
# Eupithecia hashimotoi

***Eupithecia hashimotoi*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia hashimotoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. hashimotoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia hashimotoi***<br>Inoue, 1988 | |
|


title: Ma Yize

abstract:
Ma Yize was a Muslim Hui Chinese
astronomer and astronomer of Arab origin who worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory for the Song dynasty. According to Chinese sources, his origin lies in an area in Northeast Yemen, 60 kilometers South of Mecca and belonged to a family which descended from a certain companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

text:
# Ma Yize

**Ma Yize** (traditional: 馬依澤, simplified: 马依泽,July 29, 921 –June 19, 1005) was a Muslim Hui Chinese astronomer and astronomer of Arab origin who worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory for the Song dynasty. According to Chinese sources, his origin lies in an area in Northeast Yemen, 60 kilometers South of Mecca and belonged to a family which descended from a certain companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

## Career and works

In the early 10th century, the Chinese emperor of the Song dynasty encouraged the advancement of the study of astronomy and its related disciplines. In 961, the Emperor Taizu (r. 960-976) appointed Ma Yize (910?-1005) as the chief official to take charge of the government observatory.

Ma Yize assisted Wang Chuna in compiling several important astrological works, including the Yingtianli (Calendar of Corresponding Heavens). His job was to provide observation, and computation of the regularities in celestial phenomena, using the Islamic methods. His findings were used by Wang Chuna in the compilation of Yingtianli, which was completed in 963. The calculation, based on a 7-day week system similar to that in the Islamic calendar, was first adopted in this document, which was the most important occurrence in the Chinese history of calendrical methods.

Ma Yize might have consulted many works of Islamic mathematical astronomy into Chinese, including:

* Kitab al-Zij \[Al-Battani sive Albatenni Opus astronomicum\], 880, by Abu'Abdallah al-Battani \[Latin: Albategni or Albatenius\], 858-929
* al-Zij al-sabi \[The Sabian Tables\]
* Kitab Matali' al-Buruj \[On the Ascensions of the Signs of the Zodiac\]
* Kitab Aqdar al- Ittisalat \[On the Quantities of the Astrological Applications\]

It is possible that Ma was influenced by Al-Battani and Al-Hamdani. Owing to Ma's contribution to the compilation of 'Yingtianli', Ma was made a hereditary noble and his sons later succeeded his position with the Imperial Observatory.


title: Mabel Hampton

abstract: Mabel Hampton was an American lesbian activist, a dancer during the Harlem Renaissance, and a volunteer for both Black and lesbian/gay organizations. She was a significant contributor to the Lesbian Herstory Archives.

text:
# Mabel Hampton

**Mabel Hampton** (May 2, 1902 – October 26, 1989) was an American lesbian activist, a dancer during the Harlem Renaissance, and a volunteer for both Black and lesbian/gay organizations. She was a significant contributor to the Lesbian Herstory Archives.

## Early life

Hampton was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, on May 2, 1902. Her mother died when she was two months old from poison; consequently, she was raised for seven years by her maternal grandmother. After her grandmother died from a stroke, Hampton, at age 7, boarded a train to New York City. She lived there with her aunt and uncle for a short time.

However, Hampton received poor treatment from this side of her family, even experiencing sexual assault from her uncle. She ran away after a year, and found a white family in New Jersey to live with from ages 8 to 17.

In 1919, while attending a women-only party in Harlem, Hampton was falsely imprisoned for sex work and was sentenced time in the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women. She viewed her imprisonment as being lesbian encoded. Hampton was released after spending 13 months of her three-year sentence. The condition of her release forbade her from being in New York.

## Later life and career

In the 1920s, Hampton danced in exclusively Black productions alongside Harlem Renaissance stars, such as Gladys Bentley. She performed at the club The Garden of Joy and sang in the Lafayette Theater Chorus. Hampton was able to connect with other dancers, artists, gays, and lesbians through this work.

Hampton left the chorus lines once demand diminished. She then became a cleaning woman and hospital attendant who worked for white families, and retained this career for a long time. Hampton met Joan Nestle at this time, the daughter of one of these families, and developed a strong friendship with her.

Hampton met Lillian B. Foster (November 13, 1894 – August 7, 1978) in 1932, who would be her lover of 46 years. They had a loving, lasting relationship; Hampton said she called Foster "Little Bear", and Foster called her "Big Bear." They remained a couple up until Foster died in 1978.

Hampton then participated in the New York Defense Recreation Committee (1943), collecting cigarettes and other "refreshing" items for American World War II soldiers. She did this alongside her lesbian contemporaries.

Hampton was an activist for gay and lesbian rights. She joined the Lesbian Herstory Archives in New York City in the mid-1970s, an organization co-founded by her good friend, Joan Nestle. She contributed many physical artifacts and participated in several oral history recordings for the Archives. Hampton also worked for SAGE, an organization dedicated to providing for and supporting elderly queer folk.

Hampton was able to contribute to the Martin Luther King Memorial Fund as well as gay and lesbian organizations in spite of her working-class income. She also attended performances of the Negro Opera Company, and appeared in the films *Silent Pioneers* and *Before Stonewall,* which both document the struggle for obtaining gay rights. In addition to this, Hampton marched in the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, which took place in 1979. She spoke at the New York City Lesbian and Gay Pride Parade in 1984, in which she said: "I, Mabel Hampton, have been a lesbian all my life, for 82 years, and I am proud of myself and my people. I would like all my people to be free in this country and all over the world, my gay people and my Black people." She was also named the grand marshal for the New York City Gay Pride March in 1985. The same year, she received a lifetime achievement award from the National Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gays. Hampton also attended OLOC (Old Lesbians Organizing for Change)'s first West Coast Conference in 1987, in which she shared personal stories.

Hampton died from pneumonia on October 26, 1989, at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center.

## Legacy

She was included after her death within the documentary *Not Just Passing Through.*

Hampton donated invaluable memorabilia, ephemera, letters, academic publications, documentary records, and lesbian pulp fiction which she had collected throughout her career to the Lesbian Herstory Archives in 1976. These archival materials helped provide a lens as to what life was like for Black lesbians in the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Many of these resources are viewable at the LHA in-person.

Following her death, Hampton was featured on the front pages of the Lesbian Herstory Archives Newsletter #11, January 1990, in which her legacy was honored.

Joan Nestle, after recording Hampton's oral histories in the late seventies, delivered *"I Lift My Eyes to the Hill": the Life of Mabel Hampton as Told by a White Woman*, the first Kessler Lecture for the CUNY Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies, in 1992.

## Further reading

* Rogerson, Steph Schem (June 2018). "I, Mabel Hampton, Political Power and the Archive". *Intellect*. **29** (57).

## InfoBox

| Mabel Hampton | |
| --- | --- |
| Hampton c.1919 | |
| Born | May 2, 1902 (1902-05-02)
Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
| Died | October 26, 1989(1989-10-26) (aged 87)
New York City, New York |
| Nationality | American |
| Organization | Lesbian Herstory Archives |
| Known for | Dancing, gay activism, domestic work |
| Movement | Harlem Renaissance |


title: Mabel Hardy (badminton)

abstract: Mabel Constance Hardy married name Mabel Smith (1879-1947) was an English international badminton player.

text:
# Mabel Hardy (badminton)

**Mabel Constance Hardy** married name **Mabel Smith** (1879-1947) was an English international badminton player.

## Badminton career

Hardy was a winner of the All England Open Badminton Championships after winning the women's 1903 All England Badminton Championships doubles with Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers. She was also a singles and mixed doubles finalist at the 1905 All England Badminton Championships.

Additionally she won the Irish Open doubles in 1903 and mixed doubles in 1903 and 1904. After marrying Lionel Smith in 1905 she competed under her married name of Smith.

## InfoBox

| Mabel Hardy | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Country | England |
| Born | Q1 1879
Lymington, Hampshire |
| Died | 7 February 1947 (aged 67-68)
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire |


title: Mabrya coccinea

abstract: Mabrya coccinea is a mat-forming herbaceous perennial native to the Mexican state of Coahuila. It has red tubular flowers. It was first described by Ivan M. Johnston in 1950 in the genus Maurandya and transferred to Mabrya by Wayne J. Elisens in 1985. The epithet coccinea means red.

text:
# Mabrya coccinea

***Mabrya coccinea*** is a mat-forming herbaceous perennial native to the Mexican state of Coahuila. It has red tubular flowers. It was first described by Ivan M. Johnston in 1950 in the genus *Maurandya* and transferred to *Mabrya* by Wayne J. Elisens in 1985. The epithet *coccinea* means red.

## InfoBox

| *Mabrya coccinea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | *Mabrya* |
| Species: | ***M. coccinea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mabrya coccinea***<br>(I.M.Johnst.) Elisens | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Maurandya coccinea* I.M.Johnst. | |


title: Terminalia microcarpa

abstract: Terminalia microcarpa is a tree species in the family Combretaceae. It occurs throughout the Philippines, in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, possibly the Bismarck Archipelago, and northern Australia. It is cultivated on a small scale in the Philippines, where the edible sweet and tart plum-like fruits are eaten as is or are traditionally made into jams, jellies, and wines. The species was formally described in 1834 by French botanist Joseph Decaisne. In the Australian Plant Census, Terminalia sericocarpa F.Muell. is regarded as a synonym of this species. Common names in Australia include bandicoot, sovereignwood, damson and damson plum. It is known as kalumpit in the Philippines. The tree typically grows to a height of 12 to 30 metres in height and is deciduous. It blooms between September and October producing cream flowers. It is found around springs and creeks and in rocky creek beds in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and extending across the top end of the Northern Territory and tropical areas of Queensland growing in sandy-loam-clay soils.

text:
# Terminalia microcarpa

***Terminalia microcarpa*** is a tree species in the family Combretaceae. It occurs throughout the Philippines, in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Borneo, Timor, and the Maluku Islands), Papua New Guinea, possibly the Bismarck Archipelago, and northern Australia. It is cultivated on a small scale in the Philippines, where the edible sweet and tart plum-like fruits are eaten as is or are traditionally made into jams, jellies, and wines.

The species was formally described in 1834 by French botanist Joseph Decaisne. In the Australian Plant Census, *Terminalia sericocarpa* F.Muell. is regarded as a synonym of this species. Common names in Australia include **bandicoot**, **sovereignwood**, **damson** and **damson plum**. It is known as ***kalumpit*** in the Philippines.

The tree typically grows to a height of 12 to 30 metres (39 to 98 ft) in height and is deciduous. It blooms between September and October producing cream flowers.

It is found around springs and creeks and in rocky creek beds in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and extending across the top end of the Northern Territory and tropical areas of Queensland growing in sandy-loam-clay soils.

## InfoBox

| *Terminalia microcarpa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Terminalia microcarpa* in Hawaii | |
|  | |
| Edible *kalumpit* fruits in the Philippines | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Combretaceae |
| Genus: | *Terminalia* |
| Species: | ***T. microcarpa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Terminalia microcarpa***
Decne. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Terminalia sericocarpa* F.Muell. | |


title: Terminalia macroptera

abstract: Terminalia macroptera is a species of flowering plant in the Combretaceae known by the Hausa common name kwandari. It is native to Africa, where it can be found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, and Nigeria.

text:
# Terminalia macroptera

***Terminalia macroptera*** is a species of flowering plant in the Combretaceae known by the Hausa common name ***kwandari***. It is native to Africa, where it can be found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, and Nigeria.

## Uses

In several African countries *Terminalia macroptera* is used in traditional herbal medicine for infectious diseases, tuberculosis, hepatitis, and dysentery. Extracts of the plant have shown *in vitro* activity against *Helicobacter pylori* and *Neisseria gonorrhoeae*.

Parts of the plant are also used to make dye and perfumes.

## Chemical constituents

The leaves contain chlorogenic acid, quercetin, isoorientin, the ellagitannins chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, punicalagin, and terflavin A, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Different methylated ellagic acid derivatives and the triterpenoid terminolic acid can be found in the heartwood.

The plant also contains the hydrolyzable tannins isoterchebulin and 4,6-O-isoterchebuloyl-d-glucose which have a tetraphenylic acid moiety (isoterchebulic acid).

## InfoBox

| *Terminalia macroptera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Combretaceae |
| Genus: | *Terminalia* |
| Species: | ***T. macroptera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Terminalia macroptera***<br>Guill. & Perr. | |
|


title: Macbeth (album)

abstract: Macbeth is a 1990 album by Slovenian avant-garde music group Laibach. It consists of music composed and performed by Laibach for a 1987 production of the William Shakespeare play Macbeth by Wilfried Minks at Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, Germany in 1987. It is the second Laibach album consisting of music written for a play, after their 1986 album Baptism.

text:
# Macbeth (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Macbeth*** is a 1990 album by Slovenian avant-garde music group Laibach. It consists of music composed and performed by Laibach for a 1987 production of the William Shakespeare play  *Macbeth* by Wilfried Minks at Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, Germany in 1987. It is the second Laibach album consisting of music written for a play, after their 1986 album *Baptism*.

## Track listing

1. "Preludium"
2. "Agnus Dei (Acropolis)"
3. "Wutach Schlucht"
4. "Die Zeit"
5. "Ohne Geld"
6. "U.S.A."
7. "10.5.1941"
8. "Expectans Expectavos"
9. "Coincidentia Oppositorum"
10. "Wolfis"
11. "Agnus Dei (Exil und Tod)"

## InfoBox

| Macbeth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Laibach | |
| Released | 22 January 1990 |
| Genre | Industrial, classical |
| Length | 32:00 |
| Label | Mute |
| Laibach chronology | |
| *Let It Be*
(1988) ***Macbeth***
(1990) *Sympathy for the Devil*
(1990) | |


title: Thamankaduwa Divisional Secretariat

abstract: Thamankaduwa Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Polonnaruwa District, of North Central Province, Sri Lanka. It contains Parakrama Samudra and the historic ruins of the Polonnaruwa period.

text:
# Thamankaduwa Divisional Secretariat

**Thamankaduwa Divisional Secretariat** is a Divisional Secretariat of Polonnaruwa District, of North Central Province, Sri Lanka. It contains Parakrama Samudra and the historic ruins of the Polonnaruwa period.

## Geography

Thamankaduwa DS division is 46,878.6 km2 (18,099.9 sq mi) in extent, with 55 Grama Niladhari divisions, 117 villages, and a population of 94,254.

It is bounded on the North by Lankapura Divisional Secretariat and Hingurakgoda Divisional Secretariat divisions, to the East by Dimbulagala Divisional Secretariat and Welikanda Divisional Secretariat divisions, on the South by the Matale District and on the West by Elahera Divisional Secretariat and Hingurakgoda Divisional Secretariat divisions.

## InfoBox

| Thamankaduwa Divisional Secretariat  * තමන්කඩුව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කාර්යාලය (Sinhala) * தமன்கடுவ பிரதேச செயலகம் (Tamil) | |
| --- | --- |
| Divisional Secretariat | |
| Country | Sri Lanka |
| Province | North Central Province |
| District | Polonnaruwa District |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time) |
| Website | http://www.thamankaduwa.ds.gov.lk |


title: European Journal of English Studies

abstract:
The European Journal of English Studies is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on English language, literature and culture, established in 1997 and published by Routledge. It is the official journal of the European Society for the Study of English. The current editors-in-chief are Greta Olson, Katerina Kitsi-Mitakou, Isabela Carrera Suárez, and Frederik van Dam. The journal appears three times a year and the individual issues are devoted to specific topics, e.g.:
  - Letters and letter writing
  - New Englishes
  - Intercultural negotiations The aim of the journal is to reflect the multicultural perspective characterising the current state of English studies research in Europe, while encouraging dialogue and not avoiding controversial topics.

text:
# European Journal of English Studies

The ***European Journal of English Studies*** is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on English language, literature and culture, established in 1997 and published by Routledge. It is the official journal of the European Society for the Study of English. The current editors-in-chief are Greta Olson, Katerina Kitsi-Mitakou, Isabela Carrera Suárez, and Frederik van Dam. The journal appears three times a year and the individual issues are devoted to specific topics, e.g.:

* Letters and letter writing
* New Englishes
* Intercultural negotiations

The aim of the journal is to reflect the multicultural perspective characterising the current state of English studies research in Europe, while encouraging dialogue and not avoiding controversial topics.

## InfoBox

*European Journal of English Studies*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | English language, English literature |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Greta Olson, Frederik van Dam, Isabela Carrera Suárez, Katerina Kitsi-Mitakou |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1997–present |
| Publisher | Routledge |
| Frequency | Triannually |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Eur. J. Engl. Stud.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1382-5577 (print)
1744-4233 (web)
 |
| OCLC no. | 37135308 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Macheliyili

abstract: Macheliyili is a community in Tolon District in the Northern Region of Ghana.

text:
# Macheliyili

**Macheliyili** is a community in Tolon District in the Northern Region of Ghana.

1. "Millennium Development Authority (Tolon District)" (PDF). MCA Ghana investment activities. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Macheliyili | |
| --- | --- |
| MacheliyiliLocation in Ghana | |
| Coordinates: 9°11′N 1°01′W / 9.183°N 1.017°W / 9.183; -1.017 | |
| Country | Ghana |
| Region | Northern Region |
| District | Tolon District |


title: Machen (surname)

abstract:
Machen is a surname often but not always of Welsh origin. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Alwyn Machen (1901–1960), British trade union leader
  - Arthur Machen (1863–1947), Welsh author and mystic, best known for his supernatural, fantasy and horror fiction
  - Bernie Machen, American academic, President of the University of Utah (1999–2003) and of the University of Florida
  - Eddie Machen (1932–1972), American boxer
  - Hervey Machen (1916–1994), U.S. Representative from Maryland 1965–69
  - John Gresham Machen (1881–1937), American Presbyterian theologian
  - Lewis H. Machen (1871–1927), American politician from Virginia
  - Ronald Machen, American lawyer, U..S. Attorney for the District of Columbia 2010–15
  - Thomas Machen (c. 1541–1614), English merchant who was three times mayor of Gloucester
  - William H. Machen (1832–1911), Dutch painter and teacher who relocated to America
  - Willis Benson Machen (1810–1893), U.S. Senator from Kentucky 1872–73

text:
# Machen (surname)

**Machen** is a surname often but not always of Welsh origin (derived from the town Machen). Notable people with the surname include:

* Alwyn Machen (1901–1960), British trade union leader
* Arthur Machen (1863–1947), Welsh author and mystic, best known for his supernatural, fantasy and horror fiction
* Bernie Machen (born 1944), American academic, President of the University of Utah (19992003) and of the University of Florida (from 2003)
* Eddie Machen (1932–1972), American boxer
* Hervey Machen (1916–1994), U.S. Representative from Maryland 196569
* John Gresham Machen (1881–1937), American Presbyterian theologian
* Lewis H. Machen (1871–1927), American politician from Virginia
* Ronald Machen (born 1969), American lawyer, U..S. Attorney for the District of Columbia 201015
* Thomas Machen (c.1541–1614), English merchant who was three times mayor of Gloucester
* William H. Machen (1832–1911), Dutch painter and teacher who relocated to America
* Willis Benson Machen (1810–1893), U.S. Senator from Kentucky 187273


title: That's How You Write a Song

abstract: "That's How You Write a Song" is a song written and performed by Belarusian-Norwegian singer Alexander Rybak. It represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal. The song was released as a digital download on 15 January 2018.

text:
# That's How You Write a Song

"**That's How You Write a Song**" is a song written and performed by Belarusian-Norwegian singer Alexander Rybak. It represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal. The song was released as a digital download on 15 January 2018.

## Eurovision Song Contest

*Melodi Grand Prix 2018* was the 56th edition of the Norwegian national final *Melodi Grand Prix* and it selected Norway's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. Ten songs were chosen to participate, and the selected singers, entries and composers were revealed on 15 January 2018. The ten songs competed during the final at the Oslo Spektrum on 10 March 2018, hosted by Kåre Magnus Bergh and Silya Nymoen. The four acts who received the most votes from the Norwegian public progressed to the silver final. In the silver final, the two acts who received the most votes from the public progressed to the gold duel. In the gold duel the act who received the most votes from the public was declared the winner. Alexander Rybak won with the song "That's How You Write a Song", receiving 71% of the vote in the Gold Duel. The song competed in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2018, held on 10 May 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "That's How You Write a Song" | 3:00 |

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 29 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 28 |
| Slovakia (Rádio Top 100) | 55 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 58 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 100 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | Platinum | 60,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Worldwide | 15 January 2018 | Digital download | Self-released |

## InfoBox

| "That's How You Write a Song" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Alexander Rybak | |
| Released | 15 January 2018 |
| Length | 3:00 |
| Label | Self-released |
| Songwriter(s) | Alexander Rybak |
| Alexander Rybak singles chronology | |
| "I Came to Love You"
(2016) "**That's How You Write a Song**"
(2018) "Mom"
(2018) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "That's How You Write a Song" on YouTube | |
| Eurovision Song Contest 2018 entry | |
| Country | Norway |
| Artist(s) | Alexander Rybak |
| Language | English |
| Composer(s) | Alexander Rybak |
| Lyricist(s) | Alexander Rybak |
| Finals performance | |
| Semi-final result | 1st |
| Semi-final points | 266 |
| Final result | 15th |
| Final points | 144 |
| Entry chronology | |
| **◄ "Grab the Moment" (2017)** | |
| **"Spirit in the Sky" (2019) ►** | |
|  | |


title: Eulepidotis phrygionia

abstract: Eulepidotis phrygionia is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1926. It is found in the Neotropics, including Colombia.

text:
# Eulepidotis phrygionia

***Eulepidotis phrygionia*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1926. It is found in the Neotropics, including Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Eulepidotis phrygionia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Eulepidotis* |
| Species: | ***E. phrygionia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eulepidotis phrygionia***<br>Hampson, 1926 | |
|


title: Eulepidotis persimilis

abstract: Eulepidotis persimilis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in the Neotropics, including Brazil, Costa Rica and Honduras.

text:
# Eulepidotis persimilis

***Eulepidotis persimilis*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in the Neotropics, including Brazil, Costa Rica and Honduras.

## InfoBox

| *Eulepidotis persimilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Eulepidotis* |
| Species: | ***E. persimilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eulepidotis persimilis***<br>(Guenée, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Palindia persimilis* Guenée, 1852 | |


title: Texas Code of Military Justice

abstract: The Texas Code of Military Justice (TCMJ) is the foundation of military law in the State of Texas for the Texas Military. It was established by the Texas Legislature in accordance with the authority given by the Constitution of Texas.

text:
# Texas Code of Military Justice

The **Texas Code of Military Justice (TCMJ)** is the foundation of military law in the State of Texas for the Texas Military. It was established by the Texas Legislature in accordance with the authority given by the Constitution of Texas.

## Current subchapters

The TCMJ is found in Title 4, Subtitle C, Chapter 432 of the Texas Government Code.

| Subchapter | Title | Section |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A | General Provisions | 001—005 |
| B | Apprehension And Restraint; Nonjudicial Punishment | 008—015 |
| D | Courts-Martial | 031—036 |
| E | Composition Of Courts-Martial | 041—048 |
| F | Pretrial Procedure | 051—056 |
| G | Trial Procedure | 061—079 |
| H | Sentences | 091—115 |
| J | Punitive Articles | 121—167 |
| K | Miscellaneous Provisions | 181—195 |

1. "TEXAS GOVERNMENT CODE. TITLE 4. EXECUTIVE BRANCH SUBTITLE C. STATE MILITARY FORCES AND VETERANS CHAPTER 432. TEXAS CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE". *Texas Constitution and Statutes*. Retrieved August 31, 2019.


title: Texas Clean Energy Project

abstract: The Texas Clean Energy Project (TCEP) was a project developed by Summit Power Group, Inc intended to build of the world’s first Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) clean-coal power plant, a type of carbon capture and storage facility, located near Odessa, Texas.

text:
# Texas Clean Energy Project

The **Texas Clean Energy Project** (TCEP) was a project developed by Summit Power Group, Inc intended to build of the world’s first Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) clean-coal power plant, a type of carbon capture and storage facility, located near Odessa, Texas (coordinates 31° 44' 46" N, 102° 35' 42" W).

## Background

According to Summit, the future Texas Clean Energy Plant was designed for 90% carbon capture, which was projected to be 2.7 million tons of carbon dioxide per year. If accomplished, this would be more than any other power plant of commercial scale operating anywhere in the world. As a result, the company declared that TCEP’s projected carbon emissions would be far lower than those of any existing fossil-fueled power plant.

The potential carbon captured by the plant would be used for enhanced oil recovery in the West Texas Permian Basin.

Summit was selected by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to receive a $350 million cost-sharing award to assist in developing the plant. It was the largest award given up to that date by the DOE's Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI). One investor in the project is CW NextGen, Inc., a Clayton Williams company.

Funding for the project was cancelled in February of 2016 for reasons explained in a DOE Inspector General report.

## History

In 2007, Odessa had been considered one of four candidate sites for a FutureGen Industrial Alliance project, “a public-private partnership to design, build, and operate the world's first coal-fueled, near-zero emissions power plant”. According to the FutureGen website, the DOE issued its Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) in November 2007, concluding that the Odessa site was acceptable from an environmental impact standpoint and could move forward in the site evaluation process. FutureGen ultimately selected another site, Mattoon, Illinois, as the final site.

After the decision was made, DOE representatives performed another similar site study at Odessa to determine if the site could qualify for funds from the Clean Coal Power Initiative. The Texas Clean Energy Project was later awarded $350 million from CCPI. Summit then announced plans in April 2008 to construct TCEP, a 600 megawatt IGCC coal-fired power plant in West Texas, located in the Permian Basin. This area was considered to be an ideal geographic location due to the local oil and gas companies using enhanced oil recovery via carbon dioxide flooding.

On June 22, 2009, a new Texas law, HB 469, was passed and signed by the governor. HB 469 offers significant financial incentives to the first three clean-coal power plants built in Texas that capture at least 50 percent of their carbon dioxide.

Summit formally launched a front-end engineering design (FEED) study on June 30, 2010, and later awarded the FEED contract to Siemens Energy to be the primary equipment provider. Other participants in the FEED study include Fluor Corporation (the design engineer) and Selas Fluid Processing Corporation, a Linde Group subsidiary. Construction is currently scheduled to begin on the project in the second half of 2011 upon completion of the FEED study.

TCEP was scheduled to achieve financial closing and commence construction in December 2010, but was delayed. The project seemed ready in 2012 at an estimated cost of $2.2 billion, but the Chinese company Sinopec signed on and requested a new FEED study. Cost estimates went to $3.5 billion due to increased labor costs. The labor market was tight due to an oil boom in the Permian Basin. Summit Power Group had not released the new FEED study results as of February 2015 and the future of the projects is in doubt.

## Leadership

Former Dallas mayor Laura Miller served as Director of Projects, Texas, while former Secretary of Energy Don Hodel served as Chairman and Senior Vice President for Strategy and Policy at Summit Power Group, Inc.


title: That Animal Rescue Show

abstract: That Animal Rescue Show is an American documentary television series, which follows the animal rescue community in Austin, Texas. Richard Linklater, Bill Guttentag, and Phil McGraw serve as executive producers under their Detour Filmproduction, 1891 Productions, and Stage 29 Productions banners, respectively. It consisted of 10-episodes and premiered on October 29, 2020, on CBS All Access.

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# That Animal Rescue Show

***That Animal Rescue Show*** is an American documentary television series, which follows the animal rescue community in Austin, Texas. Richard Linklater, Bill Guttentag, and Phil McGraw serve as executive producers under their Detour Filmproduction, 1891 Productions, and Stage 29 Productions banners, respectively. It consisted of 10-episodes and premiered on October 29, 2020, on CBS All Access.

## Production

In January 2020, it was announced CBS All Access had ordered a 10-episode animal rescue documentary series to be produced by Richard Linklater, Bill Guttentag and Phil McGraw under their Detour Filmproduction, 1891 Production and Stage 29 Productions banners, respectively.

## InfoBox

| *That Animal Rescue Show* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS All Access |
| Release | October 29, 2020 (2020-10-29) |


title: That Ain't My Truck

abstract: "That Ain't My Truck" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rhett Akins. It was released in May 1995 as the third single from his debut album A Thousand Memories. The song spent 21 weeks on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 3 in mid-1995. It also reached number 7 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada. It was written by Akins, Tom Shapiro and Chris Waters.

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# That Ain't My Truck

"**That Ain't My Truck**" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rhett Akins. It was released in May 1995 as the third single from his debut album *A Thousand Memories*. The song spent 21 weeks on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 3 in mid-1995. It also reached number 7 on the *RPM* Country Tracks chart in Canada. It was written by Akins, Tom Shapiro and Chris Waters.

## Content

The song is an up-tempo in which the narrator ends up on the losing end of a relationship. His significant other chooses another guy to continue a relationship with and the narrator knows this by driving by her house and seeing another man's truck in her driveway.

## Critical reception

Deborah Evans Price, of *Billboard* magazine reviewed the song favorably saying that the song "sounds like a winner".

## Music video

The music video was directed by Mary Newman-Said and premiered in mid 1995. The video was filmed around Tucson, Arizona.

## Chart performance

"That Ain't My Truck" debuted at number 65 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 13, 1995.

| Chart (1995) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 7 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1995) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 80 |
| US Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 61 |

## InfoBox

| "That Ain't My Truck" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Rhett Akins | |
| from the album  *A Thousand Memories* | |
| B-side | "Same Ol' Story" |
| Released | May 1, 1995 |
| Recorded | 1994 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 4:03 |
| Label | Decca Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) | Rhett Akins
Tom Shapiro
Chris Waters |
| Producer(s) | Mark Wright |
| Rhett Akins singles chronology | |
| "I Brake for Brunettes"
(1995) "**That Ain't My Truck**"
(1995) "She Said Yes"
(1995) | |


title: Termini (Rome Metro)

abstract: Termini is an underground station of the Rome Metro. The station was inaugurated on 10 February 1955 as a station on Line B, and later became an interchange with Line A. The station is found in Piazza dei Cinquecento, under the Termini rail terminal. Together, the two stations form the main public transport hub in the city. Termini is currently the only station in the Rome Metro system to serve both Lines A and B.

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# Termini (Rome Metro)

**Termini** is an underground station of the Rome Metro. The station was inaugurated on 10 February 1955 as a station on Line B, and later became an interchange with Line A. The station is found in Piazza dei Cinquecento, under the Termini rail terminal. Together, the two stations form the main public transport hub in the city.

Termini is currently the only station in the Rome Metro system to serve both Lines A and B.

## Services

This station has:

* Ticket office
* Escalators

## Interchanges

* Termini interchange station for Line B and Line A on the Rome Metro.
* Roma Laziali station on the Rome–Giardinetti railway.
* 5 – 14 (Tram Line) – H – 38 – 40 Express – 64 – 66 – 70 – 75 – 82 – 90 Express – 92 – 105 – 150F – 223 – 310 – 590 – 714 – 910 – nMA – nMB – nMB1 – n5 – n8 – n11 – n46 – n66 – n70 – n92 – n98 – n543 – n716 – C2 – C3

## Located nearby

Media related to Metropolitana di Roma linea A - Termini at Wikimedia Commons  Media related to Metropolitana di Roma linea B – Termini at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Termini | |
| --- | --- |
| Line B platforms | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 41°54′05″N 12°30′02″E / 41.9015°N 12.5006°E / 41.9015; 12.5006 |
| Owned by | ATAC |
| Platforms | 1 island platform (Line A)<br>2 side platforms (Line B) |
| Tracks | 4 (2 on each level) |
| Connections | Termini railway station |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| History | |
| Opened | 10 February 1955 (1955-02-10) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Rome Metro Following station  Repubblicatowards Battistini  Line A  Vittorio Emanueletowards Anagnina  Cavourtowards Laurentina  Line B  Castro Pretoriotowards Rebibbia or Jonio | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location   Click on the map to see marker | |


title: Macella euritiusalis

abstract: Macella euritiusalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is known from the Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo and from Madagascar. The wingspan of this species is around 32–34 mm.

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# Macella euritiusalis

***Macella euritiusalis*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is known from the Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo and from Madagascar.

The wingspan of this species is around 32–34 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Macella euritiusalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Macella* |
| Species: | ***M. euritiusalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Macella euritiusalis***<br>(Walker, 1859) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Capnodes euritiusalis* * *Capnodes consocia* (Walker, 1865) * *Capnodes disticha* (Saalmüller, 1891) * *Capnodes excentrica*  (Karsch, 1896) * *Eucapnodes megalosara* (Bethune-Baker, 1911) * *Capnodes sexmaculata*  (Walker, 1865) * *Capnodes trinotata* (Walker, 1869) * *Capnodes margineguttata* (Heyden, 1891) | |


title: MS Athina B

abstract: The Athina B was a merchant ship. On 21 January 1980 she suffered engine failure in bad weather and beached at the English seaside resort of Brighton, to the east of the town's Palace Pier. The ship was a temporary tourist attraction, with the Volk's Electric Railway opening out of season to serve the large number of sightseers. The anchor of the ship is on display on Brighton seafront. A restaurant in Brighton bears the name of the ship and a painting of Athena B by Dennis Roxby Bott is in Brighton Museum.

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# MS Athina B

The ***Athina B*** was a merchant ship. On 21 January 1980 she suffered engine failure in bad weather and beached at the English seaside resort of Brighton, to the east of the town's Palace Pier. The ship was a temporary tourist attraction, with the Volk's Electric Railway opening out of season to serve the large number of sightseers. The anchor of the ship is on display on Brighton seafront. A restaurant in Brighton bears the name of the ship and a painting of *Athena B* by Dennis Roxby Bott is in Brighton Museum.

## Career

Built as the *Kojima Maru* at Hiroshima in 1968, she initially sailed under the Japanese flag. She was renamed *Hung Wei* in 1973 and *Nina Pa* in 1976, before being sold and renamed the *Athina B* in 1979, sailing under the Greek flag.

## Final voyage

The *Athina B* left the Azores on 11 December 1979 laden with 3,000 tonnes of pumice. Her destination was the port at Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex. During the voyage, she had problems with her generator, gyro compass and radar, and put in at La Rochelle in France for repairs. On arrival at Shoreham on 20 January, force seven or eight winds meant she was unable to enter harbour. Her engines failed, and a Mayday call was issued. The Shoreham lifeboat *Dorothy and Philip Constance* took off half the crew and the captain's family, with the rest being rescued on the morning of 21 January. Four missions were needed to rescue all those on board. The ship drifted eastwards and eventually ran aground to the east of the Palace Pier. The ship broke her back and was declared a write-off.

## Awards

Coxwain Ken Voice was awarded a RNLI Silver Medal; Crew members Ken Everard, Michael Fox, Peter Huxtable, John Landale, Jack Silverson and Geoff Tugwell were awarded the RNLI's Thanks of the Institution on Vellum; Crew members Peter Everard and Derek Silverson received letters of thanks signed by the director of the RNLI for their part in the rescue of the crew of the *Athina B*.

## Salvage

The ship remained on the beach for a month, guarded by the police to prevent looting. After a mobile crane was used to remove the cargo, she was refloated and towed to a scrapyard at Rainham, Kent on 21 February 1980, where she was scrapped.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Japan | |
| Name | MS *Kojima Maru* |
| Builder | Ujina, Hiroshima |
| Yard number | 479 |
| Launched | 1968 |
| Completed | March 1968 |
| Renamed | * MS *Hung Wei* (1973) * MS *Nina Pa* (1976) * MS *Athina B* (1979 – reflagged) |
| Identification | IMO number: 6818148 |
| Greece | |
| Name | MS *Athina B* |
| Out of service | 21 January 1980 |
| Homeport | Piraeus |
| Identification | IMO number: 6818148 |
| Fate | Scrapped February 1980 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 3,468 tons |
| Length | 89.7 m (294 ft 3 in) |
| Beam | 12.8 m (42 ft 0 in) |
| Speed | 12 knots |


title: Terrazas del Valle

abstract: Terrazas del Valle – Terraces of the Valley – is a city in Baja California in Tijuana Municipality. The city had a population of 20,421 as of 2010. Terrezas del Valle is located in the far east of the municipality, southeast of Tijuana and the last major city on the federal highway to Tecate. This town was founded in 1972 by Salvador Fuentes Ducoing

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# Terrazas del Valle

**Terrazas del Valle***Terraces of the Valley* – is a city in Baja California in Tijuana Municipality. The city had a population of 20,421 as of 2010.

Terrezas del Valle is located in the far east of the municipality, southeast of Tijuana and the last major city on the federal highway to Tecate.

This town was founded in 1972 by Salvador Fuentes Ducoing

32°29′15″N 116°49′36″W / 32.48750°N 116.82667°W / 32.48750; -116.82667


title: Euthymius III of Chios

abstract: Patriarch Meletios Euthymius III of Chios, sometimes known also as Euthymius IV, was Melkite Greek Patriarch of Antioch from 1635 to 1647.

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# Euthymius III of Chios

Patriarch **Meletios Euthymius III of Chios** (died 11 October 1647), sometimes known also as **Euthymius IV**, was Melkite Greek Patriarch of Antioch from 1635 to 1647.

## Life

Meletios was born from a family originally from Chios and he entered in the Mar Saba monastery of which he became hieromonk. He was known as painter of icons and thus he was called to Damascus to paint the Melkite cathedral. His name as Patriarch was suggested by the dying Patriarch Euthymius II Karmah, and shortly after Karmah's death (1 January 1635) Meletios was accordingly elected. His episcopal and patriarchal consecration was performed by Philotheos of Homs, Simeon of Saidnaya and Joachim of Zabadani and he took the name of *Euthymius III*.

He is remembered as *"timid"* Patriarch, and he had not the courage of his predecessor. His relationships with the Latin missionaries in Syria were very good even if he never wrote directly to the pope. He died of illness in Damascus on 11 October 1647.

## InfoBox

| Euthymius III of Chios | |
| --- | --- |
| Patriarch of Antioch | |
| Church | Melkite Church |
| See | Patriarch of Antioch |
| Installed | 1635 |
| Term ended | 11 October 1647 |
| Predecessor | Euthymius II Karmah |
| Successor | Macarios III Zaim |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 11 October 1647<br>Damascus |


title: Eustace Bisgood

abstract: Eustace Denis Piers Bisgood was an English cricketer who made one first-class appearance for Somerset in 1909.

text:
# Eustace Bisgood

**Eustace Denis Piers Bisgood** (6 February 1878 – 4 March 1958) was an English cricketer who made one first-class appearance for Somerset in 1909.

## Life and career

Eustace Bisgood was born in Glastonbury, Somerset on 6 February 1878. Bisgood's younger brother, Bertram, played for Somerset 67 times between 1907 and 1921, during which time Somerset often struggled to find eleven players to field in their matches. Sammy Woods, who was the club captain until 1906, commented on the period after his captaincy, stating that in one year, "more than 30 people played, some, as you may imagine, very poor performers." It was during this time that Bisgood made his solitary appearance for Somerset, travelling with the team to Gravesend to play a County Championship match against Kent in 1909. Bisgood batted in both innings, and along with his brother, was one of three Somerset players to be dismissed for a duck in the first innings. In the second, he scored six runs, having taken a catch during Kent second innings. Somerset lost the match by 279 runs.

At his death in Sidmouth, Devon, on 4 March 1958, Bisgood was described as a "retired stock jobber".

## InfoBox

Eustace Bisgood
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Eustace Denis Piers Bisgood |
| Born | (1878-02-06)6 February 1878
Glastonbury, Somerset, England |
| Died | 4 March 1958(1958-03-04) (aged 80)
Sidmouth, Devon, England |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1909 | Somerset |
|  | |
| Only First-class | 19 July 1909 Somerset v Kent |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 1  Runs scored 6  Batting average 3.00  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 6  Catches/stumpings 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 3 September 2013 | |


title: Thaumatopsis edonis

abstract: Thaumatopsis edonis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1880. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma and South Carolina. It is listed as threatened in the US state of Connecticut. The wingspan is about 34 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from August to November.

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# Thaumatopsis edonis

***Thaumatopsis edonis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1880. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma and South Carolina. It is listed as threatened in the US state of Connecticut.

The wingspan is about 34 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from August to November.

## InfoBox

| *Thaumatopsis edonis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Crambini |
| Genus: | *Thaumatopsis* |
| Species: | ***T. edonis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thaumatopsis edonis***<br>(Grote, 1880) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Crambus* (*Propexus*) *edonis* Grote, 1880 | |


title: Giro al Sas

abstract: The Giro al Sas, also known as the Giro Podistico di Trento and the Giro Internazionale Città di Trento, is an annual 10-kilometre road running competition for men which takes place in October in the city of Trento, Italy. First held as a part of celebrations for Saint Vigilius of Trent in 1907, the competition was interrupted by World Wars but has been held virtually every year since 1945. This makes it one of Europe's longest-running competitions of its type. The race has been won by some of Italy's most successful long-distance runners, including Stefano Baldini, as well as elite foreign athletes such as Paul Tergat and Kenenisa Bekele. The race is held within the city centre and starts and finishes at Piazza del Duomo. The name of the race, roughly translated as the Sas Circuit, derives from the fact that the course features ten kilometre-long loops on the main city streets – which are locally referred to as al Sas. The running event should not be confused with the similarly named Giro del Trentino – a road cycling competition which the city has hosted since 1963.

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# Giro al Sas

The **Giro al Sas**, also known as the **Giro Podistico di Trento** and the **Giro Internazionale Città di Trento**, is an annual 10-kilometre road running competition for men which takes place in October in the city of Trento, Italy.

First held as a part of celebrations for Saint Vigilius of Trent in 1907, the competition was interrupted by World Wars but has been held virtually every year since 1945. This makes it one of Europe's longest-running competitions of its type. The race has been won by some of Italy's most successful long-distance runners, including Stefano Baldini, as well as elite foreign athletes such as Paul Tergat and Kenenisa Bekele.

The race is held within the city centre and starts and finishes at Piazza del Duomo. The name of the race, roughly translated as the *Sas Circuit*, derives from the fact that the course features ten kilometre-long loops on the main city streets – which are locally referred to as *al Sas*.

The running event should not be confused with the similarly named Giro del Trentino – a road cycling competition which the city has hosted since 1963.

## History

The history of the competition can be traced back to 1907 when a community group organised a race on the city streets of roughly 6 km as part of the festival of Saint Vigilius of Trent. Domenico Gottin, a runner from Veneto, was the first to cross the line but he was later disqualified for taking a short cut, leaving Isidoro Trenner (a member of the local sports club) as the winner of the inaugural race. The race became an annual tradition, although it ceased during World War I.

It re-emerged in the post-war period and gained its current moniker of the Giro al Sas at this point – a name roughly meaning the *Sas Circuit*, which derived from the race's looped course on the city's main streets which were known as *the Sas*. The running competition was placed on hiatus from 1940–44 due to World War II. The Giro al Sas returned to the streets in November 1945, just months after the Italy's surrender to the Allied Forces.

After the wars, the race entered a new, uninterrupted era (with the exception of 1991 and 1996) and gradually became international in nature with elite athlete competition. Alongside other Italian races, such as the Giro di Castelbuono, it is among the oldest road running competitions which continue to the present day. The current race director is Gianni Demadonna, a former athlete and athletics manager who won the race three times in his running career. Among the prominent competitors of the race's history is Stefano Baldini, the 2004 Olympic marathon champion, who competed in 18 editions and won on three occasions. He set the 2010 race as his final outing of his successful career, although an injury forced him to miss of the competition. Other significant winners include Franjo Mihalić, Francesco Panetta, Paul Tergat, and Kenenisa Bekele.

## Course and records

The course of the race has varied through its history: it was a 15 km race in the 1960s, before existing as a 12 km circuit from 1970 to the mid-1990s. From 1997 to 2004, the race typically featured ten laps spanning 10.9 km. It has been a 10 km race from 2005 to present. The current course of ten 1 km laps features many twists and bends as it traces a circular loop around the central city streets, making fast times difficult to achieve in the Trento race.

Paul Kimaiyo Kimugul of Kenya holds the fastest time for the 10 km distance via his winning run of 28:00 minutes from 2005. Over the 10.9 km circuit, another Kenyan – Paul Kosgei Malakwen – has the course record with 30:46 minutes. Although it has almost exclusively been a men's race only for its entire history, a women's competition was added to the programme for the 2005 edition – this 10 km race was won in 33:15 minutes by Bruna Genovese, an Italian professional marathon runner.

## Past winners

Little information about the race (or its winners) in its early history is available and the modern competition regards its post-war rebirth in 1945 as the start of its modern, continuous lineage.

**Key:**   12 km race   10.9 km race   10 km race

| Year | Men's winner | Time (:) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1945 | Elvio Schiavini (ITA) | ? |
| 1946 | Giovanni Nocco (ITA) | ? |
| 1947 | Giovanni Nocco (ITA) | ? |
| 1948 | ? Roetzer (AUT) | ? |
| 1949 | Giuseppe Beviacqua (ITA) | ? |
| 1950 | Giovanni Nocco (ITA) | ? |
| 1951 | ? Ceraj (YUG) | ? |
| 1952 | ? Page (SUI) | ? |
| 1953 | Walter Konrad (GER) | ? |
| 1954 | D Stritof (YUG) | ? |
| 1955 | Walter Konrad (GER) | ? |
| 1956 | Giacomo Peppicelli (ITA) | ? |
| 1957 | Franjo Mihalić (YUG) | ? |
| 1958 | Silvio de Florentis (ITA) | ? |
| 1959 | Franjo Mihalić (YUG) | ? |
| 1960 | Franjo Mihalić (YUG) | ? |
| 1961 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1962 | Franco Antonelli (ITA) | ? |
| 1963 | Nedjalko Farcic (YUG) | 48:0 (15 km) |
| 1964 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1965 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1966 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1967 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1968 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1969 | Antonio Ambu (ITA) | ? |
| 1970 | Lutz Philipp (GER) | 35:56 |
| 1971 | Giuseppe Ardizzone (ITA) | 36:36.2 |
| 1972 | Werner Dössegger (SUI) | 36:39.3 |
| 1973 | Werner Dössegger (SUI) | ? |
| 1974 | Luigi Lauro (ITA) | ? |
| 1975 | Primo Gretter (ITA) | 37:52.2 |
| 1976 | Primo Gretter (ITA) | 37:47 |
| 1977 | Luigi Zarcone (ITA) | ? |
| 1978 | Domingo Tibaduiza (COL) | 36:47.9 |
| 1979 | Luigi Zarcone (ITA) | ? |
| 1980 | Gianni Demadonna (ITA) | 36:45.2 |
| 1981 | Venanzio Ortis (ITA) | 36:50.1 |
| 1982 | Robert McDonald (AUS) | 36:42.9 |
| 1983 | Gianni Demadonna (ITA) | 36:18.4 |
| 1984 | Mike McLeod (ENG) | 37:13.3 |
| 1985 | Gianni Demadonna (ITA) | 37:00.1 |
| 1986 | Andrew Masai (KEN) | 36:55.3 |
| 1987 | Francesco Panetta (ITA) | 35:57.8 |
| 1988 | Francesco Panetta (ITA) | 35:43.7 |
| 1989 | Said Ermili (MAR) | 36:32.7 |
| 1990 | Abderrahim Zitouna (MAR) | 28:01.4 |
| 1991 | Not held | |
| 1992 | Eliud Barngetuny (KEN) | 35:04 |
| 1993 | Thierry Pantel (FRA) | 36:04 |
| 1994 | Jonah Koech Kimurgor (KEN) | 35:53.2 |
| 1995 | Andrew Masai (KEN) | 35:58.5 |
| 1996 | Not held | |
| 1997 | Paul Tergat (KEN) | 31:15 |
| 1998 | Giuliano Battocletti (ITA) | ? |
| 1999 | John Cheruiyot Korir (KEN) | 31:05 |
| 2000 | Paul Kosgei Malakwen (KEN) | **30:46** |
| 2001 | Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) | 30:49 |
| 2002 | Stefano Baldini (ITA) | 30:50.6 |
| 2003 | Martin Sulle (TAN) | 28:34 |
| 2004 | Stefano Baldini (ITA) | 31:21.1 |
| 2005 | Paul Kimaiyo Kimugul (KEN) | **28:00** |
| 2006 | Stefano Baldini (ITA) | 28:43 |
| 2007 | Moses Mosop (KEN) | 29:59 (10.5 km) |
| 2008 | Moses Mosop (KEN) | 28:29 |
| 2009 | Edwin Soi (KEN) | 29:25 |
| 2010 | Edwin Soi (KEN) | 28:45.9 |
| 2011 | Edwin Soi (KEN) | 29:16 |
| 2012 | Edwin Soi (KEN) | 28:43 |
| 2013 | Edwin Soi (KEN) | 29:01 |
| 2014 | Muktar Edris (ETH) | 28:52 |
| 2015 | Muktar Edris (ETH) | 28:46 |
| 2016 | Abdallah Mande (UGA) | 28:47 |
| 2017 | Muktar Edris (ETH) | 28:54 |
| 2018 | Jacob Kiplimo (UGA) | 28:17 |
| 2019 | Telahun Bekele (ETH) | 28:09 |
| 2021 | Muktar Edris (ETH) | 28:13 |

## Statistics

List of winners

46°04′04″N 11°07′17″E / 46.06778°N 11.12139°E / 46.06778; 11.12139

## InfoBox

| Giro al Sas | |
| --- | --- |
| The Piazza del Duomo is the race start and finish point | |
| Date | Mid-October |
| Location | Trento, Italy |
| Event type | Road |
| Distance | 10 km |
| Established | 1907 |
| Official site | Giro al Sas |


title: Mokusatsu

abstract: Mokusatsu Mokusatsu (黙殺) is a Japanese word meaning "ignore", "take no notice of" or "treat with silent contempt". It is composed of two kanji: 黙 and 殺. It is frequently cited to argue that problems encountered by Japanese in the sphere of international politics arise from misunderstandings or mistranslations of their language. In 1945, mokusatsu was used in Japan's initial rejection of the Potsdam Declaration, the Allied demand that Japan surrender unconditionally in World War II. To this day, the argument, or myth, that mokusatsu was misunderstood, and that the misunderstanding interrupted a negotiation for a peaceful end to the war, still resurfaces from time to time. The consensus of modern historians is that the Allies had understood the word correctly.

text:
# Mokusatsu

***Mokusatsu*** (黙殺) is a Japanese word meaning "ignore", "take no notice of" or "treat with silent contempt". It is composed of two kanji:  (*moku* "silence") and  (*satsu* "killing"). It is frequently cited to argue that problems encountered by Japanese in the sphere of international politics arise from misunderstandings or mistranslations of their language.

In 1945, *mokusatsu* was used in Japan's initial rejection of the Potsdam Declaration, the Allied demand that Japan surrender unconditionally in World War II. To this day, the argument, or myth, that *mokusatsu* was misunderstood, and that the misunderstanding interrupted a negotiation for a peaceful end to the war, still resurfaces from time to time. The consensus of modern historians is that the Allies had understood the word correctly.

## Usage

It was the adoption of this term by the government of Japan that first gave rise to the prominence of the word abroad. In 1945, *mokusatsu* was used in Japan's initial rejection of the Potsdam Declaration, where the Allies demanded Japan to surrender unconditionally in World War II. This was understood to mean that Japan had rejected those terms, which contributed to President Harry S. Truman's decision to carry out the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and implied that in spurning the terms, Japan had brought down on its own head the destruction of those two cities.

In 1950, an argument emerged claiming that *mokusatsu* had been misunderstood by the Allies due to a mistranslation that interpreted the word to signify *ignore* rather than *withhold comment.* The third edition of the authoritative Kenkyūsha Japanese-English dictionary (1954) responded by adding an innovative gloss to its former definitions by stating that it also bore the meaning of 'remain in a wise and masterly inactivity'. However, the context around the word makes the intended meaning clear, and even if the new definition added in 1954 was used, it would not change the overall meaning of the statement. The innovative gloss about 'wise...inactivity' was removed in the Fourth Edition (1974).

## Context

The Allies were aware that within the Japanese government an attempt to reach a negotiated termination of hostilities had been underway, especially via diplomatic contacts with Moscow, which was still neutral. On 12 July 1945 Tōgō Shigenori, the Japanese Foreign Minister, asked Naotake Sato to inform Moscow, on behalf of the Emperor, that Japan had no alternative but to see the war through to the end using an all-out war effort if England and the United States were to persist in demanding an unconditional surrender.

The Potsdam declaration presented one further occasion for mediation, but it was strongly opposed by the War Minister General Korechika Anami, with backing from the army and navy chiefs of staff, all demanding that the Declaration be rejected with a broadcast containing a point by point rebuttal. The Army also demanded that the public be kept unaware of the Declaration. In a compromise, Shigenori gained a Cabinet consensus to have the Declaration translated and released to the public, but in a censored version that deleted mentions of an imminent "utter destruction of the Japanese homeland," "stern justice" for all war criminals, that disarmed soldiers would be allowed to return home to live constructive lives in peace, and comments about "self-willed military cliques." The version given to the public was issued by the 'tightly controlled press' through the Dōmei News Service.

In this form it appeared in the morning edition of the *Asahi Shimbun* on 28 July 1945, to designate the attitude assumed by the government to the Potsdam Declaration. This newspaper and others clearly stated that the ultimatum, which had not only been transmitted to the Japanese government diplomatically via Swiss intermediaries but also to the Japanese public via radio and airdropped leaflets, was formally rejected by the Imperial Government. Later that day in a press conference, the Premier Suzuki Kantarō himself publicly used it to dismiss the Potsdam Declaration as a mere rehash (*yakinaoshi*) of earlier rejected Allied proposals, and therefore, being of no value.

The key part of the statement was translated into English by Dōmei Press as "the Japanese government ignores this, and we are determined to continue our bitter fight to the end."

Three postwar translations of Suzuki's statement in context exist:

> 'I believe the Joint Proclamation by the three countries is nothing but a rehash of the Cairo Declaration. As for the Government, it does not find any important value in it, and there is no other recourse but to *ignore it entirely* (**mokusatsu**) and resolutely fight for the successful conclusion of this war.'

> "My thinking is that the joint declaration is virtually the same as the Cairo Declaration. The government of Japan does not consider it having any crucial value. We simply **mokusatsu-suru**. The only alternative for us is to be determined to continue our fight till the end."

and:

> "I think that the joint statement is a rehash of the Cairo Declaration. The government does not think that it has serious value. We can only ignore \[**mokusatsu**\] it. We will do our utmost to complete the war to the bitter end."

Suzuki apparently recognized that the Potsdam declaration flagged an intention to end a war which, in logistical terms, Japan was no longer capable of sustaining. However Article 6 stated that the militarists would be stripped of their authority and power forever, and the Japanese army was resolutely opposed to its own thorough dismantlement, and heavy pressure was brought to bear on the Prime Minister therefore to have him reject the declaration.

Suzuki's stating that the declaration's terms would be literally 'killed off by silent contempt' (*mokusatsu*) reflected this necessity of placating the extreme position of the army. Historian John Toland also argued decades later that Suzuki's choice of the term was dictated more by the need to appease the military, which was hostile to the idea of "unconditional surrender", than to signal anything to the Allies.

Although *mokusatsu* may not have been intended to communicate to the Allies a refusal to surrender, the Potsdam ultimatum nevertheless allowed for only one acceptable answer: unconditional surrender. Any other answer would, as the declaration warned, cause "prompt and utter destruction". It was only after the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by atomic bombs, two assassination attempts on the then Prime Minister Suzuki Kantarō, an attempted military coup against the Emperor, and declaration of war by the Soviet Union that the Emperor himself broadcast acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration that resulted in Japan's unconditional surrender, which ended the Pacific War.

## Postwar controversy

Five years after the end of World War II, Kazuo Kawai, a lecturer in Far Eastern history at Stanford University, first raised the idea that an incorrect translation directly led to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Kawai based his argument on notes and diaries written at the time, notes taken while he covered the discussions underway in Japan's Foreign Office regarding the Declaration. Kawai argued that both the choice of this term and the meaning given to it by Allied authorities led to a fatal 'tragedy of errors' involving both Japanese bureaucratic bungling and a 'deficiency in perception' by Japan's enemies. Kawai's point was then taken up by William J. Coughlin in a widely read article for *Harper's* magazine three years later.

In some reconstructions that espouse this interpretation, it is stated that it was probably Hasegawa Saiji, a translator for Dōmei Press, who translated this as: "The Japanese ignores this, and we are determined to continue our fight until the end" and the foreign press picked this up, taking "ignore" to mean "reject".

The NSA Technical Journal published an article endorsing this view, that the word's meaning was ambiguous, in which readers are warned of the consequences of not making ambiguities clear when translating between languages. It concluded:

> Some years ago I recall hearing a statement known as "Murphy's Law" which says that "If it can be misunderstood, it will be." *Mokusatsu* supplies adequate proof of that statement. After all, if Kantarō Suzuki had said something specific like "I will have a statement after the cabinet meeting", or "We have not reached any decision yet", he could have avoided the problem of how to translate the ambiguous word *mokusatsu* and the two horrible consequences of its inauspicious translation: the atomic bombs and this essay.

To this day, the argument, or myth, that *mokusatsu* was misunderstood, and that the misunderstanding interrupted a negotiation for a peaceful end to the war, still resurfaces from time to time.

The consensus of modern historians is that the Allies had understood the word correctly. Chalmers Johnson wrote in 1980:

> Since the characters for mokusatsu mean 'silent kill,' most informed commentators believe that the Allies did not mistranslate Suzuki. If he really meant 'no comment', that is not what he said – and *mokusatsu* does not imply it, even obliquely. However, the fact that the Japanese and Emmerson maintain that Suzuki's nuance was misunderstood illustrates the tendency of the Japanese to take refuge in alleged mistranslations.

Likewise, Herbert Bix concluded:

> '"No need to rush" directly contravened Article 5 of the Potsdam Declaration ("We shall brook no delay") and as a position that further strengthened the contemporary Western analysis that, as of 28 July, the Japanese, following the leadership of their emperor, had neither reversed their decision, nor loosened their will to fight to the finish, while making vague overtures for peace on a separate track. Suzuki's intention was not misunderstood.'

### Footnotes

### Citations

1. Butow 1967, pp. 142–49 \[145\].
2. Rogers & Bartlit 2005, p. 307.
3. Ham 2012, p. 261.
4. Wheeler-Bennett & Nicholls 1974, p. 380.
5. Johnson 1980, pp. 89–90, n.2.
6. Naimushin 2021.
7. Zanettin 2016.
8. Polizzotti 2018a.
9. Polizzotti 2018b, p. 146.
10. Aslanyan 2021.
11. Johnson 1980, pp. 89–90, n. 1.
12. Bix 1995, p. 206.
13. Toland 2003, p. 774.
14. Kawai 1950, p. 409.
15. Naimushin 2021, pp. 98–90.
16. Masuda, Ko, ed. (1974). *Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Fourth Edition*. Tokyo: Kenkyusha. p. 1123. ISBN 978-0-7859-7128-3.
17. Naimushin 2021, p. 91.
18. Kawai 1950, p. 411.
19. Bix 1995, p. 295.
20. Torikai 2009, p. 33.
21. Naimushin 2021, p. 90.
22. Hasegawa 2009, p. 168.
23. Iokibe 1990, p. 96.
24. Naimushin 2021, p. 89.
25. Kawai 1950.
26. Coughlin 1953.
27. Morton 1962, p. 661, n. 28.
28. Rosenbluh 1968.
29. Rosenbluh 1968, p. 99.

## Sources


title: Herpetogramma ottonalis

abstract: Herpetogramma ottonalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Georg Semper in 1899. It is found on Luzon in the Philippines.

text:
# Herpetogramma ottonalis

***Herpetogramma ottonalis*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Georg Semper in 1899. It is found on Luzon in the Philippines.

## InfoBox

| *Herpetogramma ottonalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Herpetogramma* |
| Species: | ***H. ottonalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Herpetogramma ottonalis***<br>(Semper, 1899) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pachyzancla ottonalis* Semper, 1899 | |