title: Operation Chronicle

abstract: Operation Chronicle was the Allied invasion of Woodlark and Kiriwina Islands, in the South West Pacific, during World War II. The operation was a subordinate action that formed part of the wider Operation Cartwheel, the advance towards Rabaul. An early planning name for this operation was Operation Coronet. Preliminary actions commenced on 23–24 June 1943 when small reconnaissance parties were landed on both islands. The main operation was executed without opposition on 30 June 1943. Around 16,800 personnel took part, divided into two forces. The United States Army provided the majority of ground troops, which were supported by a United States Marine Corps defense battalion as well as U.S. and Australian aircraft and naval vessels. The two islands were subsequently developed by U.S. naval construction battalions and engineers who constructed airfields and PT boat bases. United States Army Air Force aircraft arrived on Woodlark in mid-July, while Royal Australian Air Force aircraft began operations from Kiriwina in August. Ultimately, though, the islands played only a limited role in the Allied offensive against Rabaul as the Allied advance pushed further west.

text:
# Operation Chronicle

**Operation Chronicle** was the Allied invasion of Woodlark and Kiriwina Islands, in the South West Pacific, during World War II. The operation was a subordinate action that formed part of the wider Operation Cartwheel, the advance towards Rabaul. An early planning name for this operation was Operation Coronet. Preliminary actions commenced on 23–24 June 1943 when small reconnaissance parties were landed on both islands. The main operation was executed without opposition on 30 June 1943. Around 16,800 personnel took part, divided into two forces. The United States Army provided the majority of ground troops, which were supported by a United States Marine Corps defense battalion as well as U.S. and Australian aircraft and naval vessels.

The two islands were subsequently developed by U.S. naval construction battalions and engineers who constructed airfields and PT boat bases. United States Army Air Force aircraft arrived on Woodlark in mid-July, while Royal Australian Air Force aircraft began operations from Kiriwina in August. Ultimately, though, the islands played only a limited role in the Allied offensive against Rabaul as the Allied advance pushed further west.

## Background

### Planning and readiness

By mid-1943, the fighting in New Guinea was turning in favor of the Allies after a period of hard fighting. The Japanese drive on Port Moresby during mid-1942 and early 1943 had been defeated during the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Kokoda Track campaign, while the Japanese beachhead at Buna–Gona had also been destroyed, albeit with heavy casualties on both sides. Subsequently, the Japanese had been forced to abandon their efforts on Guadalcanal and the Allies had secured the Salamaua region, and began planning their advance towards the main Japanese base around Rabaul.

Kiriwina and Woodlark Islands are situated in the Solomon Sea, in a group of islands that lie northeast of the Papuan coast. Kiriwina lies about 125 miles (201 km) from New Britain while Woodlark is 200 miles (320 km) from Bouganville. The location of these islands drew the attention of Allied planners who sought bases closer to Japanese targets in the Solomon Islands and around Rabaul, in order to increase the payloads Allied bombers could carry and to provide these aircraft with fighter escorts.

During the planning stage, the operation was initially designated as "Coronet", but eventually the codename "Chronicle" was adopted. Initial planning for the seizure of Woodlark and Kiriwina was undertaken in May 1943 at General Walter Krueger's Sixth Army headquarters in Brisbane, Australia. General Douglas MacArthur gave command of the landings to Krueger as well as responsibility for the co-ordination of ground, air, and naval planning. Woodlark and Kiriwina were required as future airfield sites to support operations in both New Guinea, New Britain and the Solomon Islands as part of the wider Operation Cartwheel, during which the Allies planned to advance towards the main Japanese base around Rabaul. The invasion was the first amphibious movement undertaken by the Allies in the South West Pacific Area with thorough and comprehensive planning, which became standing operating procedure for future invasions.

### Assigned forces

Japanese forces in the New Guinea area were drawn from the 18th Army. This formation was commanded by General Hatazō Adachi, and was headquarters at Madang. This force was focused upon the mainland where it was attempting to defend a broad area between Wewak, Madang, Finschhafen, Salamaua and Lae, while also preparing to carry out offensive operations around Wau, its surrounds and in the Markham and Sepik Valleys. There were no Japanese troops on either Woodlark or Kiriwina at the time of the operation.

In total 16,800 Allied personnel were assigned to the operation, with the majority of ground troops coming from Krueger's Sixth Army, which had been designated as Alamo Force. Naval support was provided by Rear Admiral Victor Crutchley's Task Force 74, which served as the covering force, while Rear Admiral Daniel E. Barbey's Task Force 76 served as the amphibious landing force. While the majority of the ships assigned were supplied by the United States Navy, Crutchley was a Royal Navy officer and his force included four Royal Australian Navy vessels. Air support for the operation was split between the United States Army Air Forces V Bomber Command and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) 1st Tactical Air Force and No. 9 Operational Group. The V Bomber Command was to bomb the Japanese airfields at Rabaul, each night from 25 through 30 June and be called upon to support the invasion fleet and provide close infantry support as required. The RAAF was to provide fighter cover as requested.

## Prelude

Reconnaissance parties landed on Woodlark and Kiriwina in May and reported that there were no Japanese troops occupying the islands. Due to a delay in gathering the units assigned to the operation together, as they were spread across the north of Australia and New Guinea, D-Day was set for 30 June 1943. In the interim, an RAAF radar unit was established on Kiriwina in May, while the landings were timed to take place in conjunction with similar operations at Nassau Bay, in New Guinea, and on Rendova, in New Georgia.

While the Sixth Army did not expect any Japanese troops to contest the landings, they were conducted as combat operations. Krueger and Barbey chose this approach to test their amphibious tactics and as a precaution in case the landings were opposed. The Allied soldiers assigned to the attack were encouraged to believe that Japanese troops would be encountered. It was expected that the Japanese would conduct air attacks on the invasion forces and logistical bases in New Guinea, and No. 73 Wing RAAF with three fighter squadrons was transferred to Goodenough Island to provide air defence for the region. RAAF aircraft were also assigned to conduct anti-submarine patrols.

An advance party of 112th Cavalry Regiment under the command of Major D. M. McMains, left Milne Bay at 16:00 on 22 June 1943 aboard the destroyer transports *Brooks* and *Humphreys* bound for Woodlark. Arriving at Guasopa at 00:32 on 23 June, the U.S. troops landed in six Landing Craft, Personnel (Ramped) (LCP(R)). The destroyer transports left at 04:00 for Milne Bay. An Australian coastwatcher, not having been informed of the landing, almost attacked the landing force with his locally recruited guerrilla force until overhearing the troops' broad accents. The advance party undertook reconnaissance, established defenses and facilities for the invasion force, marked the landing beaches, and cleared obstructions in preparation for the main landing.

The 158th Infantry Regiment's advance party, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Floyd G. Powell, departed Milne Bay at 18:10 on 23 June aboard the returned *Brooks* and *Humphreys*. They were accompanied by a detachment of the 59th Combat Engineer Company and the 158th Infantry Regiment's communication platoon. Arriving at Kiriwina at midnight on 24 June, they landed in several LCP(R)s via a channel that passed through the reef to the beach at Losuia, on Kiriwina. The unloading proved slow, due to inexperience, and the ships had not been emptied before daylight came. This brought the threat of air attack and meant that the ships were forced to depart partially loaded. Nevertheless, they returned three nights later to unload the heavy communication and engineer equipment left in their holds. The advance party built a coral causeway across the reef to allow landing.

## Landings

### Woodlark

On 25 June 2,600 troops of **Woodlark Force**, led by Colonel Julian W. Cunningham, consisting of units of the 112th Cavalry Regiment, the 134th Field Artillery Battalion, the Marine 12th Defense Battalion (Lieutenant Colonel William H. Harrison) and quartermaster, port, ordnance, medical, and engineer units, a naval base unit and a construction battalion departed Townsville, Australia, aboard six LSTs, with one subchaser *SC-749* and two destroyers, *Bagley* and *Henley*, as escort.

After arriving at Woodlark, the landing began at 21:00 on 30 June. The operation was unopposed and unloading was completed quickly. Prior to embarkation, all equipment had been loaded aboard trucks, which meant that they could be driven straight off the LSTs. This allowed the quick turn around of the transport force, which was able to depart Woodlark before sunrise, thereby avoiding possible air attack.

Meanwhile, *Brooks* and *Humphreys* carrying other troops from Milne Bay arrived at 01:00 on 1 July. The process of embarking troops aboard the Landing Craft Infantry (LCI) amphibious assault ships was delayed over an hour, while the run ashore was slowed as the coxswains on the LCIs became disoriented and had trouble locating the correct landing beach. As a result, the two transports remained off shore until 06:00. Further supply echelons subsequently arrived in LCIs and LSTs throughout 1 July.

### Kiriwina

On 30 June, 2,250 troops of **Kiriwina Force**, led by Colonel J. Prugh Herndon, consisting of the 158th Infantry Regiment (less the 2d Battalion) the 148th Field Artillery Battalion with other artillery, engineer, ordnance, medical, antiaircraft, and quartermaster troops departed Milne Bay aboard twelve LCIs. They were escorted by two destroyers and two small coastal transports. Arriving at Red Beach near Losuia, Kiriwina, the landing commenced around dawn. Although the landing was unopposed, as it was on Woodlark, the unloading process proved slow. The LCIs coming ashore became grounded several hundred yards short of the beach, and only one of the LCTs was able to pass over the sandbar that lay offshore. Heavy rain and a low tide also hampered the movement of vehicles, stores and equipment ashore. Subsequent waves were diverted to the northern shore, where a coral causeway had been constructed by the advance party to aid the unloading of vehicles. A supply echelon arrived on 30 June consisting of twelve LCTs and seven LCMs, having laid up overnight at Goodenough Island, and having been screened by other four destroyers and the Australian survey ship *Benalla*.

## Aftermath

### Japanese reaction

Except for reconnaissance flights and two small bombing attacks against Woodlark, the Japanese took no further action in relation to the occupation of the islands. According to historian Samuel Eliot Morison, this was due to the operation being timed to coincide with other operations in New Guinea and New Georgia. An air raid conducted by two Japanese aircraft on 2 August resulted in four members of the 112th Cavalry Regiment being wounded; these were the regiment's first combat casualties. Due to the modest scale of the Japanese air attacks, the three Australian fighter squadrons at Goodenough Island were not required, much to the surprise of their pilots.

### Base development

On Woodlark, the construction of Woodlark Airfield was begun by 20th and 60th U.S. Naval Construction Battalions on 2 July and by 14 July the airfield consisted of single 3,000-by-150-foot (910 by 50 m) runway which could accommodate Douglas C-47 Skytrains. By 21 July the runway was expanded to 5,200 feet (1,580 m) of runway and a coral surface with the 67th Fighter Squadron arriving on 23 July. The airfield was ultimately extended to 6,500 by 225 feet (1,980 by 70 m) with a parallel runway of 6,000 by 60 feet (1,830 by 20 m) with 110 hardstands. The airfield was used as a stopover point and refueling point. Defensive positions were set up around Woodlark with antiaircraft and coastal artillery pieces of the 12th Defense Battalion being installed, and machine gun and 37 mm beach positions established. A PT boat and landing craft repair base was also constructed at Guasopa Bay and the island was also used as a supply base. The 112th Cavalry Regiment remained at Woodlark until late November 1943; during this time it received additional amphibious training. Little other training was conducted, however, and most of the regiment's troopers did not fire their rifles while they were on the island.

On Kiriwina, due to the difficulty of landing heavy engineering equipment the construction of Kiriwina airfield was delayed. With heavy rains hindering construction, Krueger became unhappy with the progress of the works and replaced Herndon in command of Kiriwina Force with Colonel John T. Murray. By 20 July a single 1,500-by-150-foot (460 by 50 m) runway was cleared and roughly graded. By the end of July the runway was 5,000 feet (1,500 m) long and ready to be surfaced with coral. No. 79 Squadron of the RAAF began operations on 18 August. A seaplane base was also constructed at Losuia, consisting of an anchorage and jetty. A PT boat base was also constructed at Louisa in October 1943, but was closed in February 1944. The island was also used as a supply base.

Ultimately, the progress of the Allied advance in the Pacific, with the fighting moving further west, meant that none of these bases played a significant role in the Allied war effort. Nevertheless, Morison argues that the landings were successfully undertaken and served the purpose of providing the Allied amphibious forces with the opportunity to test theories and gain experience that would prove vital later in the war. Australian official historian G. Hermon Gill reached a similar conclusion. In contrast, American historian James Scott Powell has noted that Operation Chronicle had mixed effects on the 112th Cavalry Regiment: while the operation improved its ability to conduct amphibious landings and operate in jungle terrain, the demands of landing on and garrisoning Woodlark limited the opportunities its men had to conduct other forms of training before entering combat.

## Order of battle

## Citations

## InfoBox

| Operation Chronicle | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of World War II, Pacific War | |
|
American troops disembarking from an LCI | |
| Date 23–30 June 1943  Location Woodlark Island and Kiriwina, Territory of Papua  Result Allied occupation | |
| Belligerents | |
| United States
Australia | Japan |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Walter Krueger | Hatazō Adachi |
| Strength | |
| ~16,800 | 0 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 0 | |


title: Ore dock

abstract: An ore dock is a large structure used for loading ore onto ships, which then carry the ore to steelworks or to transshipment points. Most known ore docks were constructed near iron mines on the upper Great Lakes and served the lower Great Lakes. Ore docks still in existence are typically about 60 feet (18 m) wide, 80 feet (24 m) high, and vary from 900 feet (270 m) to 2,400 feet (730 m) in length. They are commonly constructed from wood, steel, reinforced concrete, or combinations of these materials. They are commonly used for loading bulk ore carriers with high mass, low-value ore, such as iron ore, in raw or taconite form.

text:
# Ore dock

An **ore dock** is a large structure used for loading ore (typically from railway cars or ore jennies) onto ships, which then carry the ore to steelworks or to transshipment points. Most known ore docks were constructed near iron mines on the upper Great Lakes and served the lower Great Lakes. Ore docks still in existence are typically about 60 feet (18 m) wide, 80 feet (24 m) high, and vary from 900 feet (270 m) to 2,400 feet (730 m) in length. They are commonly constructed from wood, steel, reinforced concrete, or combinations of these materials.

They are commonly used for loading bulk ore carriers with high mass, low-value ore, such as iron ore, in raw or taconite form.

## Construction

Ore docks are typically long, high structures, with a railway track or tracks along the top and a number of "pockets" into which ore is unloaded from railcars, typically by gravity. Each pocket has a chute that can be lowered to discharge the ore into the hold of a ship berthed alongside. The use of pockets and chutes allows the dock itself to be loaded with ore before it is transferred into the freighter.

The docks' storage bins or pockets are typically wider at the top than the bottom, and they lead to movable steel chutes. These chutes project out over the water at a slight angle from the sides of the docks. The hinged chutes, which are lowered to drop ore from the pockets into ships, are located at twelve-foot intervals over the length of the dock.

This spacing is not coincidental, as the docks and the lakers they could load evolved together, and laker hatch spacing is typically 12, or 24-foot (7.3 m) on center.

## History

Since the late 1800s, ore docks have been a common sight in many Lake Superior ports of Minnesota, Wisconsin and especially Michigan. Rich iron ore deposits were first discovered in the Upper Peninsula in the 1840s and remain a significant source of wealth for the state. By the 1890s, Michigan was the largest supplier of iron ore in the United States. Railroads would haul ore from the mines to the ore docks on the Great Lakes in places such as Escanaba and Marquette, where the cargo would be loaded onto ore freighters and transported to the rest of the country.

Iron ore was first discovered in Michigan's Upper Peninsula on September 19, 1844, by William A. Burt, who was then employed to lead a party engaged in surveying the Upper Peninsula on behalf of the United States government. Variations in the readings of magnetic compasses employed suggested that something was disturbing the local magnetic fields, and, on investigation of part of the Marquette Iron Range, ore was found as close to the surface as just below the sod.

Development of this find was ongoing throughout the 1840s and early 1850s. The initial focus was on producing iron locally, as shipping was difficult. Early shipping attempts using mule teams, plank roads, and barrels loaded as deck cargo on schooners required transshipment after portaging the St. Marys River rapids, and costs proved prohibitive. However, as the mines continued to develop and railways were put in place, the volume of ore increased, far outstripping the local production capacity. In 1855, the Soo Locks opened, and the volume of ore shipped increased, with a total of 1447 tons shipped on various brigs and schooners. The first dock specifically for the ore trade was built in 1857 in Marquette. It was flat rather than elevated, and the vessels were loaded by men using wheelbarrows.

By 1860, the volume of ore shipped through the Soo Locks had increased to 114,401 tons; it fell to 49,909 tons the next year after the American Civil War broke out. But by 1862, an additional wooden dock had been constructed at Marquette, this time featuring an elevated railway trestle for ore jennies to discharge ore into pockets.

In 1911 another iron ore loading dock was built: the wooden frame work was replaced with a concrete and steel frame work. The new iron ore loading dock at Marquette was 1200 feet long; 75 feet high; and 60 feet wide. Four railroad tracks ran along the top and there was storage space inside the bottom concrete part for 60,000 tons of iron ore. The new ore loading dock incorporated a concrete bottom half with a light steel frame work on top, replacing the wooden supports previously used. While this structure was more expensive to build than previous iron ore loading docks, the builders claimed the new construction would hold up far longer than the old construction method. Schooners started to feature regularly spaced hatch covers, which sped up loading. But steamers of the day were not well adapted for bulk cargoes such as iron ore. They did not have hatches through their decks. Instead they had gangways through the sides. So ore shipments were loaded via wheelbarrows through the gangways. By having a flat surface on one side and moorings directly under the pockets, schooners could receive the ore directly. Steamers moored on the opposite side of the dock for the manual method using wheelbarrows. However, unloading was still a laborious hand-powered affair.

During this period, the iron ore trade was dwarfed by the grain and lumber trade. For example, in 1866 about 1,500,000 tons of grain were received at the port of Buffalo, New York, alone. Chicago received about 400,000 tons of lumber. The amount of iron ore delivered to all Lake Erie ports amounted to only 278,976 gross tons. Until 1876, Marquette was the only port on Lake Superior that shipped iron ore to the east.

After the Civil War, advancement was rapid. The Cleveland Iron Mining Company's dock was 30 feet (9.1 m) above the lake level and was originally built with 29 schooner pockets and 6 steam boat pockets. By 1872, it had been extended an additional 350 feet (110 m), providing 54 additional pockets. During the 1873 season, the total tonnage of iron ore shipped from the port of Marquette was 1,175,000 tons.

As additional ore ranges (the Gogebic, Menominee East, and Menominee West) began to be developed, and the US developed more rapidly as an industrial power, other ports also constructed ore docks, primarily on Lake Superior. For example, Ashland, Wisconsin, the natural port for the Gogebic Range, had three docks by 1916, the first built by the Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Railway in 1884-1885. It was 1,400 feet (430 m) long, with 234 pockets, and four tracks on the dock, and could hold 25,000 tons of ore.

The natural port for the Menominee East range was Escanaba, Michigan; the first docks there were built in 1865.

By 1884, locomotives played a vital part in hauling ore from the mines to the docks. The pockets and chutes were filled using the hopper-type ore cars. In 1889, the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway operated a dock with 284 pockets. The railroads also provided alternate transportation for people, goods and eventually, iron ore.

The length and capacity of docks corresponded with the capacity of the ore freighters which they were designed to accommodate. As ore carriers increased in height and width, higher pocket openings were required and new docks had to be constructed, and older ones rebuilt. In 1867, vessels carried ore cargoes of 550 tons. The first steel ore freighters introduced in the 1880s had a capacity of 2,500 tons. By 1898, ships were carrying 6,400 tons and by 1938, 15,000 tons.

The demand for iron ore grew, faster dispatch of vessels was necessary, and larger rail cars and the number of more powerful locomotives for transporting the ore from mines to the docks increased with improved technology. These developments caused the old wooden Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway ore dock built in 1898 to become obsolete. A new dock was constructed by the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad Company of reinforced concrete and steel in 1911 and 1912 in the Upper Harbor near Presque Isle Park. This dock is 75 feet (23 m) high, 1,200 feet (370 m) long and has 200 pockets, with a total capacity of 50,000 tons of ore pellets. By 1929, more than one and one half times the combined yearly tonnage of the Panama and Suez canals passed through the Soo Locks. The dock is still in use today.

Activity also continued in Marquette's Lower Harbor. The Duluth, South Short and Atlantic Railway, in order to remain competitive, completed construction of a new dock in 1932. This dock was constructed of steel and concrete, 85.5 feet (26.1 m) high, 969 feet (295 m) long, with 150 pockets. The total capacity was 47,500 tons. The D.S.S. & A. Railway merged with other companies to form the Soo Line. The dock remained in operation until the late 1960s, when a decrease in demand for iron ore forced it to close. In 1987, the Soo Line sold its Lake States Division to Wisconsin Central Ltd. The ownership passed to the latter railroad, where it remains today.

## Today

Many docks have been torn down or abandoned, but a few remain in operation. In 2008, the Lake Superior & Ishpeming dock, one of the docks at Marquette, Michigan, loaded its 400 millionth ton of ore after 90 years of service. Another dock, built later by Merritt-Chapman & Scott for the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway (DSS&A), was taken out of service in 1971. As of 2022, there are plans to redevelop this ore dock. *The Mining Journal*, a local newspaper, has stated that these include "ecological education facilities, year-round indoor botanical gardens, historical preservation and education, and community spaces."

The largest dock of the type in the world exist in Superior, Wisconsin as part of BNSF's Allouez Taconite Facility, however, these docks have been abandoned since 1978. Ore docks in Duluth, MN, and Two Harbors, MN, are still in service and operated by Canadian National Railway and Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad.

Ore docks are mentioned in popular culture, at least one high school athletic team, the Ashland, Wisconsin Oredockers takes their name from them, and they have been mentioned in song.


title: Sajid Hameed Dar

abstract: Sajid Hameed Dar is a Pakistani Paediatric Surgeon and academic who currently serves as the head of the Department of Paediatric Surgery at Services Hospital in Lahore.

text:
# Sajid Hameed Dar

**Sajid Hameed Dar** is a Pakistani Paediatric Surgeon and academic who currently serves as the head of the Department of Paediatric Surgery at Services Hospital in Lahore.

## Early life and career

He completed his F.Sc from Government College University, Lahore where he received "Academic Role of Honour". Seeking admission in King Edward Medical University Lahore, he graduated and received his MBBS degree in 1982. He then decided to acquire a career in paediatric surgery, a field much less known at that time to common public. He successfully completed his FCPS in paediatric surgery. He has worked as an assistant professor and later as associate professor at Mayo Hospital Lahore and is currently working as a professor and head of department of paediatric surgery, Services Hospital Lahore and Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore.

## Publications

* Burn out among the paediatric surgeons of Pakistan PMID 31740889
* Child with a tail PMCID: PMC3863831


title: Walter Pym (bishop)

abstract: Walter Ruthven Pym was an English colonial bishop at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.

text:
# Walter Pym (bishop)

**Walter Ruthven Pym** (22 June 1856 – 2 March 1908) was an English colonial bishop at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.

## Biography

Walter Pym was born in Great Chesterford in 1856. The son of Alexander Pym and Eliza Elizabeth Pell, he was educated at Bedford School and Magdalene College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1881, after a curacy in Lytham he was successively Vicar of Miles Platting, Wentworth and Sharrow before being appointed Rural Dean of Rotherham. In 1898 he was appointed Bishop of Mauritius, and then was translated in 1903 to Bombay. Although he had had a reputation as a "vigorous and moderate evangelistic style," his attempts to suppress more Catholic expressions of piety led to controversy and dissent.

He married Lucy Anne Threlfall, daughter of Thomas Threlfall, on 8 August 1883. Their daughter Lucy Barbara Pym MBE (1895–1979) married Sir Edward Ruggles-Brise, 1st Baronet. Their eldest son, Leslie Ruthven Pym (1884–1945), was Conservative MP for Monmouth from 1939–1945, and his son, Francis Pym (1922–2008) was a Conservative MP from 1961–1987 and a cabinet minister. Their second son, Revd Canon Thomas Wentworth Pym DSO (1885–1945), was Fellow in Theology at Balliol College, Oxford. Walter Pym died in 1908.

## InfoBox

| Walter Pym | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1856-06-22)22 June 1856
Great Chesterford, England |
| Died | 2 March 1908(1908-03-02) (aged 51)
Dilkoosh, British India |
| Education |  |
| Occupation | Clergyman |
| Spouse | Lucy Anne Threlfall (m. 1883) |
| Children |  |


title: Neocoenyra rufilineata

abstract: Neocoenyra rufilineata is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Somalia.

text:
# Neocoenyra rufilineata

***Neocoenyra rufilineata*** is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Somalia.

## InfoBox

| *Neocoenyra rufilineata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Neocoenyra* |
| Species: | ***N. rufilineata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neocoenyra rufilineata***<br>Butler, 1894 | |
|


title: Rabiosa (river)

abstract: The Rabiosa, also called the Rabiusa or, on in the municipality of Malix, the Landwasser (Alemannic), is a 7.9-kilometre-long, left-hand tributary of the Plessur in the Swiss Canton of Grisons.

text:
# Rabiosa (river)

The **Rabiosa**, also called the *Rabiusa* or, on in the municipality of Malix, the *Landwasser* (Alemannic), is a 7.9-kilometre-long, left-hand tributary of the Plessur in the Swiss Canton of Grisons.

1. *Länge* bei hadesdaten.unibe.ch.
2. *Geoserver* der Schweizer Bundesverwaltung.
3. Charles Knapp, Maurice Borel, Victor Attinger, Heinrich Brunner, Société neuchâteloise de géographie (publisher): *Geographisches Lexikon der Schweiz.* Vol. 4: *Plessur – Schweiz*. Verlag Gebrüder Attinger, Neuenburg 1906, p. 62, key word *Rabiusa or Rabiosa*  (scan of the Lexicon page).
4. Schweizerisches Idiotikon Vol. XVI Col. 1820, article *Land-Wasser* as well as the relevant National Maps of Switzerland.

## InfoBox

| Rabiosa | |
| --- | --- |
| The Rabiosa | |
| Location | |
| Location | Canton of Grisons, Switzerland |
| Reference no. | CH: 321 |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Am Fulhorn |
| coordinates | 46°46′14″N 9°30′23″E / 46.77056°N 9.50639°E / 46.77056; 9.50639 |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Near Meiersboden into the Plessur |
| coordinates | 46°50′06″N 9°32′46″E / 46.834972°N 9.546028°E / 46.834972; 9.546028 |
| Length | 7.9 km |
| Basin size | 52.6 km2 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | PlessurRhineNorth Sea |


title: I Heard You Twice the First Time

abstract: I Heard You Twice the First Time is a jazz album by Branford Marsalis that explores different aspects of the blues, featuring guest appearances from B.B. King, John Lee Hooker, Russell Malone, Wynton Marsalis and Linda Hopkins. It peaked at number 1 on the Top Jazz Albums chart. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group.

text:
# I Heard You Twice the First Time

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B− |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

***I Heard You Twice the First Time*** is a jazz album by Branford Marsalis that explores different aspects of the blues, featuring guest appearances from B.B. King, John Lee Hooker, Russell Malone, Wynton Marsalis and Linda Hopkins. It peaked at number 1 on the Top Jazz Albums chart. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group.

## Reception

In his AllMusic review, Scott Yanow calls the album "interesting if erratic," specifically identifying the performance by Linda Hopkins and concluding that this is an "intriguing set that is worth picking up." *People* praised the album, calling out the "four distinct blues-guitar styles" and the "verve and execution" of the quartet numbers as high points. *Entertainment Weekly* characterized Marsalis as "a commanding, even great, saxophonist of the post-hard-bop school, but a wayward conceptualist," and criticized the album as suffering from a "serious identity crisis."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Branford Marsalis, except where indicated

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0. | Untitled | Branford Marsalis, Jeff Watts, Robert Hurst |  |
| 1. | "Brother Trying to Catch a Cab (On the East Side)" | Robert Hurst | 9:05 |
| 2. | "B.B.'s Blues" | B.B. King, Branford Marsalis | 10:07 |
| 3. | "Rib Tip Johnson" |  | 9:19 |
| 4. | "Mabel" | John Lee Hooker | 6:47 |
| 5. | "Sidney In Da Haus" |  | 6:32 |
| 6. | "Berta, Berta" | Public Domain | 5:28 |
| 7. | "Stretto from the Ghetto" | J. Watts | 7:15 |
| 8. | "Dance of the Hei Gui" |  | 5:32 |
| 9. | "The Road You Choose" | Branford Marsalis, Joe Louis Walker | 6:23 |
| 10. | "Simi Valley Blues" |  | 3:10 |

## Personnel

* BranfordMarsalis.com

## InfoBox

| I Heard You Twice the First Time | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Branford Marsalis | |
| Released | September 1992 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 1:19:02 |
| Label | Sony Music |
| Producer | Dr. George Butler (executive producer); Delfeayo Marsalis and Branford Marsalis |
| Branford Marsalis chronology | |
| *The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born*
(1991) ***I Heard You Twice the First Time***
(1992) *Bloomington*
(1993) | |


title: Pizzeria Bianco

abstract: Pizzeria Bianco is a pizza restaurant in downtown Phoenix, Arizona established in 1987 by Chris Bianco. It has earned positive reviews from notable food critics. Nationally recognized for its pizzas, the restaurant's small seating capacity can lead to wait times that sometimes surprise casual patrons. The restaurant features a wood-fired oven and homemade mozzarella cheese used in pizzas primarily fashioned by the owner himself. In 2013, the restaurant established a second location in the Biltmore Area of Phoenix. In 2022, the restaurant opened a third location, in Los Angeles.

text:
# Pizzeria Bianco

**Pizzeria Bianco** is a pizza restaurant in downtown Phoenix, Arizona established in 1987 by Chris Bianco. It has earned positive reviews from notable food critics. Nationally recognized for its pizzas, the restaurant's small seating capacity can lead to wait times that sometimes surprise casual patrons. The restaurant features a wood-fired oven and homemade mozzarella cheese used in pizzas primarily fashioned by the owner himself. In 2013, the restaurant established a second location in the Biltmore Area of Phoenix. In 2022, the restaurant opened a third location, in Los Angeles.

## History

The restaurant was originally opened by Chris Bianco in 1987, in a grocery store which is now AJ's Euro-Market & Deli located in central Phoenix. He moved locations once before Pizzeria Bianco found its home in downtown's Heritage Square in 1996.

Bianco was born in the Bronx, and grew up in Ossining, New York. He had asthma as a child, forcing him to stay inside, where he watched his aunt cook. At age 13 he began working at a local pizzeria. In 1985, he won two plane tickets anywhere in the United States and, on a whim, chose to go to Phoenix. When he got there, he felt connected to the place, and stayed. He began making mozzarella in his apartment and selling it to Italian restaurants. Later, Guy Coscos, a specialty grocer in Phoenix, offered him the opportunity to make and sell pizzas in the corner of his store. Bianco's pizza was popular and he realized he could make pizza for a living. He went to Italy in 1993 to improve his pizzamaking. In 1994, he returned to open Pizzeria Bianco at Town & Country Shopping Center in Phoenix. In 1996, the restaurant moved to 623 East Adams Street, the historic site of Baird Machine Shop in Heritage Square. Bianco also operates Bar Bianco, located next door to the pizzeria in Heritage Square, and Pane Bianco, located in Midtown Phoenix.

Bianco cites Alice Waters, Suzanne Goin at Lucques, Mark Ladner at Del Posto, and Mario Batali as chefs who have inspired him.

## Pizza

Bianco described his pizza to Ed Levine in *The New York Times*, “There’s no mystery to my pizza. Sicilian oregano, organic flour, San Marzano tomatoes, purified water, mozzarella I learned to make at Mike’s Deli in the Bronx, sea salt, fresh yeast cake, and a little bit of yesterday’s dough. In the end great pizza, like anything else, is all about balance. It’s that simple.”

The menu is short, generally consisting of two appetizers, three salads, and six pizzas. Pizzeria Bianco uses a wood-burning oven. Since opening, Chris Bianco has made nearly every pizza himself, sometimes making 250 a night. He and his staff make the mozzarella fresh each morning. Bianco's dough is made by hand, and ideally he lets it ferment for 18 hours. The herbs are from a garden beside the restaurant. The vegetables are from the local farmer's market. In January 2010, Bianco announced that he was taking some time away from pizza making for health reasons (the wood oven and flour in the air was aggravating his asthma). However, Chris Bianco's brother Marco will continue to make the dough and for the time being Horacio Hernandez, Bianco's assistant for 15 years, will cook the pizzas.

## Seating

Pizzeria Bianco is a small establishment, with a maximum seating capacity of 42. The pizzeria only takes reservations for parties of 6–10. All other patrons are seated on a first come, first served basis, resulting in long lines and waits commonly up to four hours, which can frustrate newcomers. Chris Bianco has said, “it is ridiculous that it’s four hours, but it’s 23 hours to fly to Australia,” saying that some good things "just take a long time." Patrons often line up starting at 3:30 pm, an hour and a half before opening time. There is no take-out or delivery.

## Reviews

Pizzeria Bianco has been rated as the best pizza in the United States by *Bon Appétit*, *Vogue*, Rachael Ray, and Andrew Zimmern, and has also been recognized by Martha Stewart, Oprah Winfrey, *GQ*, and *Gourmet* In 2003, Chris Bianco won the James Beard Foundation Award for best Southwest Chef (the only pizza chef to have won a regional award) and the restaurant received a nearly perfect Zagat score of 29 in 2000. Pizzeria Bianco was featured in Peter Reinhart's book *American Pie: My Search for the Perfect Pizza*.

## InfoBox

| Pizzeria Bianco | |
| --- | --- |
| Exterior of Pizzeria Bianco | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1987 |
| Owner(s) | Chris Bianco |
| Head chef | Chris Bianco |
| Food type | Pizza |
| Street address | 623 East Adams Street |
| City | Phoenix |
| State | Arizona |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 85004 |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 33°26′57″N 112°03′56″W / 33.44921°N 112.06564°W / 33.44921; -112.06564 |
| Seating capacity | 42 seats |
| Reservations | for parties of 6—10 only |
| Website | pizzeriabianco.com |


title: Veydelevka steppe

abstract: The Veydelevka steppe is an area of remnant steppe vegetation in Veydelevsky District, Belgorod Oblast in Russia. Together with a small tract of adjacent forest, it forms part of the Gniloye conservation area. Most of the reserve is covered in feather grass steppe dominated by Stipa tirsa. It contains a number of endangered plant species, including Bulbocodium versicolor, Iris humilis, Stipa pennata, Matthiola fragrans and Hedysarum grandiflorum. There are also a fairly large number of Paeonia tenuifolia, a symbol of Veydelevsky District that is depicted on its coat of arms.

text:
# Veydelevka steppe

The **Veydelevka steppe** is an area of remnant steppe vegetation in Veydelevsky District, Belgorod Oblast in Russia. Together with a small tract of adjacent forest, it forms part of the *Gniloye conservation area.*

Most of the reserve is covered in feather grass steppe dominated by *Stipa tirsa*. It contains a number of endangered plant species, including *Bulbocodium versicolor*, *Iris humilis*, *Stipa pennata*, *Matthiola fragrans* and *Hedysarum grandiflorum*. There are also a fairly large number of *Paeonia tenuifolia*, a symbol of Veydelevsky District that is depicted on its coat of arms.

## InfoBox

| Veydelevka steppe | |
| --- | --- |
| Gniloye | |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
|  | |
| Location | Belgorod Oblast |
| Nearest city | Valuyki |
| Coordinates | 50°3′59″N 38°31′29″E / 50.06639°N 38.52472°E / 50.06639; 38.52472 |
| Area | 60 hectares (148 acres; 0 sq mi) |


title: Operation Clarion

abstract: Operation Clarion was a late-war campaign of the Allied strategic bombing of Germany. Two hundred German transport targets were attacked to open Operation Veritable–Operation Grenade. The Allied air forces sent 3,500 bombers and nearly 5,000 fighters against targets in Germany to destroy all means of transport available. Targets included rail stations, barges, docks, and bridges.

text:
# Operation Clarion

**Operation Clarion** was a late-war campaign of the Allied strategic bombing of Germany. Two hundred German transport targets were attacked to open Operation VeritableOperation Grenade. The Allied air forces sent 3,500 bombers and nearly 5,000 fighters against targets in Germany to destroy all means of transport available. Targets included rail stations, barges, docks, and bridges.

## InfoBox

| Operation Clarion | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Combined Bomber Offensive | |
| Date 22–23 February 1945  Location Nazi Germany51°N 09°E / 51°N 9°E / 51; 9 | |
| Belligerents | |
| RAF Bomber Command<br>US Army Air Forces | Luftwaffe |
| Strength | |
| 20,000 bombers and escort fighters. | |


title: Glamour Girl (1948 film)

abstract: Glamour Girl is a 1948 musical film starring Gene Krupa.

text:
# Glamour Girl (1948 film)

***Glamour Girl*** is a 1948 musical film starring Gene Krupa.

## Plot

## Cast

## Production

The film was originally known as *I Surrender Dear*. The title was re-used in another film.

## InfoBox

| Glamour Girl | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Arthur Dreifuss |
| Written by | Lee Gold |
| Produced by | Sam Katzman |
| Starring | Gene Krupa |
| Cinematography | Ira H. Morgan |
| Edited by | Charles Nelson |
| Music by | Mischa Bakaleinikoff |
| Production<br>company | Kay Pictures |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release dates | * December 24, 1947 (1947-12-24) * January 16, 1948 (1948-01-16) (U.S.) |
| Running time | 68 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Ore Run

abstract: Ore Run is a tributary of Sullivan Branch in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 0.9 miles (1.4 km) long and flows through Davidson Township. Its watershed has an area of 0.78 square miles (2.0 km⁲). The stream has a low pH and poor water quality. The main rock formations in the area are the Huntley Mountain Formation and the Burgoon Sandstone. The main soil associations in the vicinity of the stream are the Deep-Wellsboro-Oquaga association, and the Oquaga association.

text:
# Ore Run

**Ore Run** is a tributary of Sullivan Branch in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 0.9 miles (1.4 km) long and flows through Davidson Township. Its watershed has an area of 0.78 square miles (2.0 km2). The stream has a low pH and poor water quality. The main rock formations in the area are the Huntley Mountain Formation and the Burgoon Sandstone. The main soil associations in the vicinity of the stream are the Deep-Wellsboro-Oquaga association, and the Oquaga association.

## Course

Ore Run begins in Davidson Township, near the northern edge of the East Branch Fishing Creek watershed. It flows southeast for a short distance, entering a steep valley. The stream then turns southwest and flows down the valley. At the bottom of the valley, it reaches its confluence with Sullivan Branch.

### Tributaries

Ore Run has one small, unnamed tributary. It is known as Unt 28017.

## Hydrology

The discharge of Ore Run during average flow conditions is 481 gallons per minute. The pH of the stream during average flow conditions is 4.32. The pH ranges from 4 to less than 4.5. The concentration of aluminum during average flow conditions is 0.366 milligrams per liter.

Ore Run experiences chronic acidification. During average flow conditions, the water quality of the stream is "severe", a rating worse than "very poor". It also has this level of water quality during high flow conditions. The stream requires an additional alkalinity load of 27 pounds (12 kg) per day to be restored to the satisfaction of the East Branch Fishing Creek Restoration Plan.

Ore Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to metals and pH, as is its unnamed tributary.

## Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Ore Run is 1,893 feet (577 m) above sea level.

The lower reaches of Ore Run flow over rock of the Huntley Mountain Formation. The upper reaches of the stream flow over rock of the Burgoon Sandstone formation. Rock outcroppings are present in the watershed. The entire length of the stream flows over soil of the Deep-Wellsboro-Oquaga soil association, except for the headwaters, which are on soil of the Oquaga and another, minor soil association. Most of these soils are highly acidic.

There is a bed of iron ore on Ore Run.

## Watershed

The watershed of Ore Run has an area of 0.78 square miles (2.0 km2). Ore Run is difficult to access.

The Ore Run Falls are a cascade and slide waterfall on Ore Run. They are 23 feet (7.0 m) high.

Ore Run is designated for use by aquatic life.

## History

The restoration of Ore Run is part of the fourth phase of the East Branch Fishing Creek Restoration Plan. This phase is estimated to cost $400,000, making it the most expensive phase of the restoration plan. The stream was first listed by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as impaired in 2002. The total maximum daily load date is 2015.

## InfoBox

| Ore Run | |
| --- | --- |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Sullivan Branch in Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania |
| coordinates | 41°21′17″N 76°20′39″W / 41.35467°N 76.34415°W / 41.35467; -76.34415 |
| elevation | 1,893 ft (577 m) |
| Length | 0.9 mi (1.4 km) |
| Basin size | 0.78 sq mi (2.0 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| average | 481 US gallons per minute (0.0303 m3/s) |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Sullivan Branch → East Branch Fishing CreekFishing CreekSusquehanna RiverChesapeake Bay |


title: Saint-Romain-d'Ay

abstract: Saint-Romain-d'Ay is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

text:
# Saint-Romain-d'Ay

**Saint-Romain-d'Ay** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ ʁɔmɛ̃ \]; Vivaro-Alpine: *Sant Roman d'Ai*) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 475 |  |
| 1968 | 483 | +1.7% |
| 1975 | 520 | +7.7% |
| 1982 | 574 | +10.4% |
| 1990 | 660 | +15.0% |
| 1999 | 775 | +17.4% |
| 2008 | 973 | +25.5% |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Romain-d'Ay | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The entrance to Saint-Romain d'Ay | |
| Location of Saint-Romain-d'Ay | |
| Saint-Romain-d'AySaint-Romain-d'Ay | |
| Coordinates: 45°10′03″N 4°39′58″E / 45.1675°N 4.6661°E / 45.1675; 4.6661 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Ardèche |
| Arrondissement | Tournon-sur-Rhône |
| Canton | Haut-Vivarais |
| Intercommunality | Val d'Ay |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Norbert Coll |
| Area**1** | 9.36 km2 (3.61 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,195 |
| Density | 130/km2 (330/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 07292 /07290 |
| Elevation | 315–586 m (1,033–1,923 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Neocogniauxia hexaptera

abstract: Neocogniauxia hexaptera is a species of orchid in the subfamily Epidendroideae. It is endemic to Hispaniola. The flowers are bright orange and about 2 inches wide. It grows in shady conditions from 3,300 to 4,300 ft in elevation.

text:
# Neocogniauxia hexaptera

***Neocogniauxia hexaptera*** is a species of orchid in the subfamily Epidendroideae. It is endemic to Hispaniola. The flowers are bright orange and about 2 inches wide. It grows in shady conditions from 3,300 to 4,300 ft in elevation.

## InfoBox

| *Neocogniauxia hexaptera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Neocogniauxia* |
| Species: | ***N. hexaptera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neocogniauxia hexaptera***
(Cogn.) Schltr. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Epidendrum hexapterum* Cogn.
 | |


title: IDS Bulletin

abstract: IDS Bulletin is a bi-annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Institute of Development Studies (IDS). It was previously co-published with Wiley-Blackwell between 2009 and 2015. The journal was established in 1968 as the Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, which was changed to The IDS Bulletin in 1976 and obtained its current name in 1984. The journal covers topics in international development. IDS Bulletin publishes articles influenced by research from IDS programs and events. In 2016 all journal content is open access therefore available free of charge online to the public without a paywall. Associated titles include IDS Practice Papers, IDS Research Reports, and IDS Working Papers. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 0.319, ranking it 54th out of 68 journals in the category "Area Studies" and 56th out of 57 journals in the category "Planning & Development".

text:
# IDS Bulletin

***IDS Bulletin*** is a bi-annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Institute of Development Studies (IDS). It was previously co-published with Wiley-Blackwell between 2009 and 2015. The journal was established in 1968 as the *Institute of Development Studies Bulletin*, which was changed to *The IDS Bulletin* in 1976 and obtained its current name in 1984. The journal covers topics in international development. *IDS Bulletin* publishes articles influenced by research from IDS programs and events. In 2016 all journal content is open access therefore available free of charge online to the public without a paywall. Associated titles include *IDS Practice Papers*, *IDS Research Reports*, and *IDS Working Papers*.

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 0.319, ranking it 54th out of 68 journals in the category "Area Studies" and 56th out of 57 journals in the category "Planning & Development".

1. "Journals Ranked by Impact: Area Studies". *2017 Journal Citation Reports*. Web of Science (Social Sciences ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2017.
2. "Journals Ranked by Impact: Planning & Development". *2017 Journal Citation Reports*. Web of Science (Social Sciences ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2017.

## InfoBox

*IDS Bulletin*
| Discipline | Area studies, development studies |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Institute of Development Studies Bulletin; The IDS Bulletin |
| History | 1968–present |
| Publisher | Institute of Development Studies at The University of Sussex |
| Frequency | Bimonthly |
| Open access | 2016-present |
| Impact factor | 0.319 (2017) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *IDS Bull.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0265-5012 (print)
1759-5436 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 89645832 |
| OCLC no. | 12879804 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: I Need My Girl

abstract: "I Need My Girl" is a song written by Matt Berninger, Aaron Dessner, Bryce Dessner, Bryan Devendorf and Scott Devendorf of the American alternative rock band The National. The song was originally recorded by the band in 2013 for their sixth studio album, Trouble Will Find Me, where it appears as the tenth track. A promotional single was released on European radio in November 2013, on American radio in January 2014, and on British radio in March 2014, becoming the fifth release by the band in promotion of Trouble Will Find Me. The song has been featured in the movie Entourage and on episodes of the television shows The Mindy Project and You.

text:
# I Need My Girl

"**I Need My Girl**" is a song written by Matt Berninger, Aaron Dessner, Bryce Dessner, Bryan Devendorf and Scott Devendorf of the American alternative rock band The National. The song was originally recorded by the band in 2013 for their sixth studio album, *Trouble Will Find Me*, where it appears as the tenth track.

A promotional single was released on European radio in November 2013, on American radio in January 2014, and on British radio in March 2014, becoming the fifth release by the band in promotion of *Trouble Will Find Me*. The song has been featured in the movie *Entourage* and on episodes of the television shows *The Mindy Project* and *You*.

## Track listings

Digital download
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Need My Girl" | Matt Berninger, Aaron Dessner, Bryce Dessner, Bryan Devendorf, Scott Devendorf | A Dessner, B Dessner | 4:05 |
| 2. | "Learning" | Mike Hadreas | A Dessner, B Dessner | 3:01 |
| Total length: | | | | 7:06 |

European promotional single
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Need My Girl" | Matt Berninger, Aaron Dessner, Bryce Dessner, Bryan Devendorf, Scott Devendorf | A Dessner, B Dessner | 4:07 |

UK promotional single
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Need My Girl" (Radio Edit) | Berninger, A Dessner, B Dessner, B Devendorf, S Devendorf | A Dessner, B Dessner |  |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 34 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 35 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

## InfoBox

| "I Need My Girl" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The National | |
| from the album  *Trouble Will Find Me* | |
| Released | February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03) |
| Recorded | 2012–13 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 4:05 |
| Label | 4AD |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| The National singles chronology | |
| "Sea of Love"
(2013) "**I Need My Girl**"
(2014) "The System Only Dreams in Total Darkness"
(2017) | |


abstract: Viana do Castelo is one of the 22 multi-member constituencies of the Assembly of the Republic, the national legislature of Portugal. The constituency was established in 1976 when the Assembly of the Republic was established by the constitution following the restoration of democracy. It is conterminous with the district of Viana do Castelo. The constituency currently elects five of the 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2024 legislative election it had 233,491 registered electors.

text:
# Viana do Castelo (Assembly of the Republic constituency)

**Viana do Castelo** is one of the 22 multi-member constituencies of the Assembly of the Republic, the national legislature of Portugal. The constituency was established in 1976 when the Assembly of the Republic was established by the constitution following the restoration of democracy. It is conterminous with the district of Viana do Castelo. The constituency currently elects five of the 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2024 legislative election it had 233,491 registered electors.

## Electoral system

Viana do Castelo currently elects five of the 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.

## Election results

### Summary

| Election | Unitary Democrats
CDU / APU / PCP | | | Left Bloc
BE / UDP | | | Socialists
PS / FRS | | | People Animals Nature
PAN | | | Democratic Renewal
PRD | | | Social Democrats
PSD / PàF / AD / PPD | | | Liberals
IL | | | CDS – People's
CDS–PP / CDS | | | Chega
CH / PPV/CDC / PPV | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats |
| 2024 | 3,106 | 2.24% | 0 | 4,926 | 3.55% | 0 | 40,237 | 29.01% | 2 | 2,057 | 1.48% | 0 |  |  |  | ***49,616*** | ***35.77%*** | ***2*** | 5,106 | 3.68% | 0 |  |  |  | 26,639 | 19.21% | 1 |
| 2022 | 3,816 | 3.07% | 0 | 4,418 | 3.56% | 0 | **53,442** | **43.02%** | **3** | 1,251 | 1.01% | 0 |  |  |  | 43,418 | 34.95% | 3 | 3,652 | 2.94% | 0 | 4,273 | 3.44% | 0 | 7,702 | 6.20% | 0 |
| 2019 | 4,841 | 4.17% | 0 | 10,321 | 8.89% | 0 | **42,398** | **36.51%** | **3** | 2,876 | 2.48% | 0 |  |  |  | 41,210 | 35.49% | 3 | 692 | 0.60% | 0 | 7,577 | 6.53% | 0 | 858 | 0.74% | 0 |
| 2015 | 6,722 | 5.46% | 0 | 10,237 | 8.31% | 0 | 38,311 | 31.11% | 2 | 1,086 | 0.88% | 0 |  |  |  | ***58,515*** | ***47.52%*** | ***4*** |  |  |  |  |  |  | 396 | 0.32% | 0 |
| 2011 | 6,648 | 5.15% | 0 | 5,928 | 4.59% | 0 | 35,327 | 27.34% | 2 | 926 | 0.72% | 0 |  |  |  | **58,826** | **45.53%** | **3** |  |  |  | 18,135 | 14.04% | 1 | 242 | 0.19% | 0 |
| 2009 | 5,934 | 4.32% | 0 | 12,099 | 8.80% | 0 | **51,306** | **37.32%** | **3** |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,327 | 32.24% | 2 |  |  |  | 19,243 | 14.00% | 1 | 372 | 0.27% | 0 |
| 2005 | 5,632 | 4.06% | 0 | 6,415 | 4.63% | 0 | **59,676** | **43.06%** | **3** |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47,645 | 34.38% | 2 |  |  |  | 16,205 | 11.69% | 1 |  |  |  |
| 2002 | 4,844 | 3.55% | 0 | 2,485 | 1.82% | 0 | 49,122 | 35.97% | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **63,386** | **46.42%** | **3** |  |  |  | 14,283 | 10.46% | 0 |  |  |  |
| 1999 | 6,886 | 5.11% | 0 | 1,689 | 1.25% | 0 | **55,149** | **40.95%** | **3** |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49,081 | 36.44% | 2 |  |  |  | 19,249 | 14.29% | 1 |  |  |  |
| 1995 | 6,614 | 4.63% | 0 | 527 | 0.37% | 0 | 56,234 | 39.37% | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **61,051** | **42.74%** | **3** |  |  |  | 16,328 | 11.43% | 0 |  |  |  |
| 1991 | 6,923 | 5.04% | 0 |  |  |  | 35,212 | 25.66% | 2 |  |  |  | 1,500 | 1.09% | 0 | **79,408** | **57.87%** | **4** |  |  |  | 10,081 | 7.35% | 0 |  |  |  |
| 1987 | 8,741 | 6.41% | 0 | 641 | 0.47% | 0 | 28,351 | 20.80% | 1 |  |  |  | 6,758 | 4.96% | 0 | **76,207** | **55.92%** | **5** |  |  |  | 10,727 | 7.87% | 0 |  |  |  |
| 1985 | 11,591 | 8.46% | 0 | 1,348 | 0.98% | 0 | 25,924 | 18.93% | 1 |  |  |  | 22,904 | 16.72% | 1 | **47,253** | **34.50%** | **3** |  |  |  | 23,368 | 17.06% | 1 |  |  |  |
| 1983 | 13,572 | 10.16% | 0 | 525 | 0.39% | 0 | 44,711 | 33.48% | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **44,869** | **33.59%** | **3** |  |  |  | 25,291 | 18.94% | 1 |  |  |  |
| 1980 | 14,548 | 10.27% | 0 | 996 | 0.70% | 0 | 33,245 | 23.47% | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ***86,186*** | ***60.84%*** | ***5*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979 | 14,266 | 10.23% | 0 | 1,312 | 0.94% | 0 | 36,186 | 25.94% | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ***79,702*** | ***57.14%*** | ***4*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1976 | 8,611 | 7.07% | 0 | 1,110 | 0.91% | 0 | 33,094 | 27.16% | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **42,519** | **34.90%** | **3** |  |  |  | 30,437 | 24.98% | 2 |  |  |  |

(Figures in *italics* represent alliances.)

### Detailed

#### 2020s

##### 2024

Results of the 2024 legislative election held on 10 March 2024:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic Alliance | AD | 49,616 | 35.77% | 2 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 40,237 | 29.01% | 2 |
|  | Chega | CH | 26,639 | 19.21% | 1 |
|  | Liberal Initiative | IL | 5,106 | 3.68% | 0 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 4,926 | 3.55% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 3,106 | 2.24% | 0 |
|  | LIVRE | L | 2,815 | 2.03% | 0 |
|  | National Democratic Alternative | ADN | 2,263 | 1.63% | 0 |
|  | People Animals Nature | PAN | 2,057 | 1.48% | 0 |
|  | New Right | ND | 706 | 0.51% | 0 |
|  | React, Include, Recycle | RIR | 624 | 0.45% | 0 |
|  | Volt Portugal | Volt | 255 | 0.18% | 0 |
|  | Alternative 21 (Earth Party and Alliance) | PT-A | 204 | 0.15% | 0 |
|  | Ergue-te | E | 147 | 0.11% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 138,701 | 100.00% | 5 |
| Blank Votes | | | 2,682 | 1.88% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,534 | 1.07% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 142,917 | 61.21% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 233,491 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: José Pedro Aguiar-Branco (AD); Emília Cerqueira (AD); José Costa (PS); Marina Gonçalves (PS); and Eduardo Teixeira (CH).

##### 2022

Results of the 2022 legislative election held on 30 January 2022:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 53,442 | 43.02% | 3 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 43,418 | 34.95% | 3 |
|  | Chega | CH | 7,702 | 6.20% | 0 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 4,418 | 3.56% | 0 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 4,273 | 3.44% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 3,816 | 3.07% | 0 |
|  | Liberal Initiative | IL | 3,652 | 2.94% | 0 |
|  | People Animals Nature | PAN | 1,251 | 1.01% | 0 |
|  | LIVRE | L | 919 | 0.74% | 0 |
|  | React, Include, Recycle | RIR | 556 | 0.45% | 0 |
|  | Earth Party | PT | 190 | 0.15% | 0 |
|  | Alliance | A | 173 | 0.14% | 0 |
|  | Socialist Alternative Movement | MAS | 157 | 0.13% | 0 |
|  | Ergue-te | E | 133 | 0.11% | 0 |
|  | Volt Portugal | Volt | 130 | 0.10% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 124,230 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,654 | 1.30% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,156 | 0.91% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 127,040 | 53.82% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 236,042 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Emília Cerqueira (PSD); José Costa (PS); Marina Gonçalves (PS); Jorge Salgueiro Mendes (PSD); João Montenegro (PSD); and Tiago Brandão Rodrigues (PS).

#### 2010s

##### 2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 6 October 2019:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 42,398 | 36.51% | 3 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 41,210 | 35.49% | 3 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 10,321 | 8.89% | 0 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 7,577 | 6.53% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 4,841 | 4.17% | 0 |
|  | People Animals Nature | PAN | 2,876 | 2.48% | 0 |
|  | React, Include, Recycle | RIR | 1,059 | 0.91% | 0 |
|  | Chega | CH | 858 | 0.74% | 0 |
|  | Liberal Initiative | IL | 692 | 0.60% | 0 |
|  | LIVRE | L | 688 | 0.59% | 0 |
|  | Alliance | A | 679 | 0.58% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 671 | 0.58% | 0 |
|  | Together for the People | JPP | 587 | 0.51% | 0 |
|  | National Renewal Party | PNR | 292 | 0.25% | 0 |
|  | Democratic Republican Party | PDR | 281 | 0.24% | 0 |
|  | We, the Citizens! | NC | 259 | 0.22% | 0 |
|  | United Party of Retirees and Pensioners | PURP | 212 | 0.18% | 0 |
|  | Earth Party | PT | 209 | 0.18% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Labour Party | PTP | 208 | 0.18% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 204 | 0.18% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 116,122 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 3,617 | 2.97% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 2,174 | 1.78% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 121,913 | 50.60% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 240,917 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Emília Cerqueira (PSD); Marina Gonçalves (PS); Jorge Salgueiro Mendes (PSD); Anabela Rodrigues (PS); Tiago Brandão Rodrigues (PS); and Eduardo Teixeira (PSD).

##### 2015

Results of the 2015 legislative election held on 4 October 2015:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Portugal Ahead | PàF | 58,515 | 47.52% | 4 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 38,311 | 31.11% | 2 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 10,237 | 8.31% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 6,722 | 5.46% | 0 |
|  | Democratic Republican Party | PDR | 2,399 | 1.95% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 1,117 | 0.91% | 0 |
|  | People Animals Nature | PAN | 1,086 | 0.88% | 0 |
|  | We, the Citizens! | NC | 1,037 | 0.84% | 0 |
|  | ACT! (Portuguese Labour Party
and Socialist Alternative Movement) | AGIR | 960 | 0.78% | 0 |
|  | National Renewal Party | PNR | 563 | 0.46% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 535 | 0.43% | 0 |
|  | LIVRE | L | 453 | 0.37% | 0 |
|  | The Earth Party Movement | MPT | 447 | 0.36% | 0 |
|  | Citizenship and Christian Democracy | PPV/CDC | 396 | 0.32% | 0 |
|  | United Party of Retirees and Pensioners | PURP | 209 | 0.17% | 0 |
|  | Together for the People | JPP | 161 | 0.13% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 123,148 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 3,225 | 2.51% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 2,139 | 1.66% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 128,512 | 50.78% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 253,095 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Carlos Abreu Amorim (PàF); Abel Baptista (PàF); José Manuel Carpinteira (PS); Emília Cerqueira (PàF); Luís Campos Ferreira (PàF); and Tiago Brandão Rodrigues (PS).

##### 2011

Results of the 2011 legislative election held on 5 June 2011:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 58,826 | 45.53% | 3 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 35,327 | 27.34% | 2 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 18,135 | 14.04% | 1 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 6,648 | 5.15% | 0 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 5,928 | 4.59% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 1,473 | 1.14% | 0 |
|  | Party for Animals and Nature | PAN | 926 | 0.72% | 0 |
|  | Hope for Portugal Movement | MEP | 573 | 0.44% | 0 |
|  | The Earth Party Movement | MPT | 384 | 0.30% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 331 | 0.26% | 0 |
|  | Pro-Life Party | PPV | 242 | 0.19% | 0 |
|  | National Renewal Party | PNR | 213 | 0.16% | 0 |
|  | Democratic Party of the Atlantic | PDA | 200 | 0.15% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 129,206 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 4,009 | 2.97% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,688 | 1.25% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 134,903 | 52.46% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 257,155 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Carlos Abreu Amorim (PSD); Rosa Arezes (PSD); Abel Baptista (CDS-PP); Jorge Fão (PS); Fernando Medina (PS); and Eduardo Teixeira (PSD).

#### 2000s

##### 2009

Results of the 2009 legislative election held on 27 September 2009:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 51,306 | 37.32% | 3 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 44,327 | 32.24% | 2 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 19,243 | 14.00% | 1 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 12,099 | 8.80% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 5,934 | 4.32% | 0 |
|  | New Democracy Party | ND | 1,398 | 1.02% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 1,192 | 0.87% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 513 | 0.37% | 0 |
|  | Hope for Portugal Movement | MEP | 399 | 0.29% | 0 |
|  | Pro-Life Party | PPV | 372 | 0.27% | 0 |
|  | Merit and Society Movement | MMS | 257 | 0.19% | 0 |
|  | The Earth Party Movement and Humanist Party | MPT-PH | 247 | 0.18% | 0 |
|  | National Renewal Party | PNR | 194 | 0.14% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 137,481 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 2,258 | 1.60% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,744 | 1.23% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 141,483 | 55.08% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 256,883 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Abel Baptista (CDS-PP); Jorge Fão (PS); Luís Campos Ferreira (PSD); José Eduardo Martins (PSD); Rosalina Martins (PS); and Defensor Moura (PS).

##### 2005

Results of the 2005 legislative election held on 20 February 2005:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 59,676 | 43.06% | 3 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 47,645 | 34.38% | 2 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 16,205 | 11.69% | 1 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 6,415 | 4.63% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 5,632 | 4.06% | 0 |
|  | New Democracy Party | ND | 1,159 | 0.84% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 1,002 | 0.72% | 0 |
|  | Humanist Party | PH | 586 | 0.42% | 0 |
|  | National Renewal Party | PNR | 263 | 0.19% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 138,583 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 2,214 | 1.56% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,391 | 0.98% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 142,188 | 61.24% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 232,185 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Luís Amado (PS); Abel Baptista (CDS-PP); Jorge Fão (PS); Luís Campos Ferreira (PSD); José Eduardo Martins (PSD); and Rosalina Martins (PS).

##### 2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 17 March 2002:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 63,386 | 46.42% | 3 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 49,122 | 35.97% | 3 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 14,283 | 10.46% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 4,844 | 3.55% | 0 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 2,485 | 1.82% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 870 | 0.64% | 0 |
|  | Humanist Party | PH | 701 | 0.51% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 541 | 0.40% | 0 |
|  | The Earth Party Movement | MPT | 321 | 0.24% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 136,553 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,231 | 0.88% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,484 | 1.07% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 139,268 | 60.71% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 229,402 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Carlos Antunes (PSD); Fernando Cabodeira (PS); Luís Campos Ferreira (PSD); Marques Júnior (PS); José Eduardo Martins (PSD); and Rosalina Martins (PS).

#### 1990s

##### 1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 10 October 1999:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 55,149 | 40.95% | 3 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 49,081 | 36.44% | 2 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 19,249 | 14.29% | 1 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 6,886 | 5.11% | 0 |
|  | Left Bloc | BE | 1,689 | 1.25% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 729 | 0.54% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 646 | 0.48% | 0 |
|  | The Earth Party Movement | MPT | 449 | 0.33% | 0 |
|  | National Solidarity Party | PSN | 446 | 0.33% | 0 |
|  | Humanist Party | PH | 360 | 0.27% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 134,684 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,142 | 0.83% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,391 | 1.01% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 137,217 | 60.45% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 226,975 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Francisco Rodrigues Araújo (PSD); Daniel Campelo (CDS-PP); Marques Júnior (PS); Carvalho Martins (PSD); Rui Solheiro (PS); and José Carlos Tavares (PS).

##### 1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 1 October 1995:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 61,051 | 42.74% | 3 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 56,234 | 39.37% | 3 |
|  | CDS – People's Party | CDS–PP | 16,328 | 11.43% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 6,614 | 4.63% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 753 | 0.53% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 527 | 0.37% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party
and The Earth Party Movement | PPM-MPT | 496 | 0.35% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 491 | 0.34% | 0 |
|  | People's Party | PG | 340 | 0.24% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 142,834 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 946 | 0.65% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,272 | 0.88% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 145,052 | 64.38% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 225,309 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Marques Júnior (PS); Roleira Marinho (PSD); Carvalho Martins (PSD); Lucas Pires (PSD); Rui Solheiro (PS); and José Carlos Tavares (PS).

##### 1991

Results of the 1991 legislative election held on 6 October 1991:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 79,408 | 57.87% | 4 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 35,212 | 25.66% | 2 |
|  | Social Democratic Centre Party | CDS | 10,081 | 7.35% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 6,923 | 5.04% | 0 |
|  | National Solidarity Party | PSN | 1,700 | 1.24% | 0 |
|  | Democratic Renewal Party | PRD | 1,500 | 1.09% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 913 | 0.67% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 766 | 0.56% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 723 | 0.53% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 137,226 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,019 | 0.73% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 1,444 | 1.03% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 139,689 | 65.03% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 214,823 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Lima Amorim (PSD); Marques da Costa (PS); Roleira Marinho (PSD); Carvalho Martins (PSD); Luís Marques Mendes (PSD); and Oliveira e Silva (PS).

#### 1980s

##### 1987

Results of the 1987 legislative election held on 19 July 1987:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 76,207 | 55.92% | 5 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 28,351 | 20.80% | 1 |
|  | Social Democratic Centre Party | CDS | 10,727 | 7.87% | 0 |
|  | Unitary Democratic Coalition | CDU | 8,741 | 6.41% | 0 |
|  | Democratic Renewal Party | PRD | 6,758 | 4.96% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 1,078 | 0.79% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Democratic Movement | MDP | 831 | 0.61% | 0 |
|  | Christian Democratic Party | PDC | 743 | 0.55% | 0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Socialist Unity | POUS | 729 | 0.53% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 708 | 0.52% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 641 | 0.47% | 0 |
|  | Communist Party (Reconstructed) | PC(R) | 450 | 0.33% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 314 | 0.23% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 136,278 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,442 | 1.03% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 2,234 | 1.60% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 139,954 | 70.10% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 199,636 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Roleira Marinho (PSD); Fernandes Marques (PSD); Hilário Marques (PSD); João Oliveira Martins (PSD); Américo Sequeira (PSD); and Oliveira e Silva (PS).

##### 1985

Results of the 1985 legislative election held on 6 October 1985:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 47,253 | 34.50% | 3 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 25,924 | 18.93% | 1 |
|  | Social Democratic Centre Party | CDS | 23,368 | 17.06% | 1 |
|  | Democratic Renewal Party | PRD | 22,904 | 16.72% | 1 |
|  | United People Alliance | APU | 11,591 | 8.46% | 0 |
|  | Christian Democratic Party | PDC | 1,508 | 1.10% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 1,348 | 0.98% | 0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Socialist Unity | POUS | 1,055 | 0.77% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 951 | 0.69% | 0 |
|  | Communist Party (Reconstructed) | PC(R) | 663 | 0.48% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 416 | 0.30% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 136,981 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,262 | 0.90% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 2,755 | 1.95% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 140,998 | 71.67% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 196,719 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: José Domingos (PSD); Abreu Lima (CDS); Henrique Mata (PSD); João de Deus Pinheiro (PSD); Oliveira e Silva (PS); and Agostinho de Sousa (PRD).

##### 1983

Results of the 1983 legislative election held on 25 April 1983:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party | PSD | 44,869 | 33.59% | 3 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 44,711 | 33.48% | 2 |
|  | Social Democratic Centre Party | CDS | 25,291 | 18.94% | 1 |
|  | United People Alliance | APU | 13,572 | 10.16% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 1,322 | 0.99% | 0 |
|  | Christian Democratic Party | PDC | 1,233 | 0.92% | 0 |
|  | Socialist Workers League | LST | 541 | 0.41% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 525 | 0.39% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 525 | 0.39% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 476 | 0.36% | 0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Socialist Unity | POUS | 353 | 0.26% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization | OCMLP | 146 | 0.11% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 133,564 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,104 | 0.80% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 2,913 | 2.12% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 137,581 | 74.45% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 184,789 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: José Domingos (PSD); José Pita Guerreiro (PS); Abreu Lima (CDS); Manuel Filipe Loureiro (PS); Roleira Marinho (PSD); and Gaspar Pacheco (PSD).

##### 1980

Results of the 1980 legislative election held on 5 October 1980:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic Alliance | AD | 86,186 | 60.84% | 5 |
|  | Republican and Socialist Front | FRS | 33,245 | 23.47% | 1 |
|  | United People Alliance | APU | 14,548 | 10.27% | 0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Socialist Unity | POUS | 2,187 | 1.54% | 0 |
|  | Labour Party | PT | 1,351 | 0.95% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 996 | 0.70% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization | OCMLP | 924 | 0.65% | 0 |
|  | Christian Democratic Party,
Independent Movement
for the National Reconstruction /
Party of the Portuguese Right
and National Front | PDC-
MIRN/
PDP-
FN | 902 | 0.64% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 693 | 0.49% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 623 | 0.44% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 141,655 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 979 | 0.67% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 2,932 | 2.01% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 145,566 | 81.91% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 177,716 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Júlio Castro Caldas (AD); José Domingos (AD); Daniel Domingues (AD); Abreu Lima (AD); Roleira Marinho (AD); and Oliveira e Silva (FRS).

#### 1970s

##### 1979

Results of the 1979 legislative election held on 2 December 1979:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic Alliance | AD | 79,702 | 57.14% | 4 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 36,186 | 25.94% | 2 |
|  | United People Alliance | APU | 14,266 | 10.23% | 0 |
|  | Christian Democratic Party | PDC | 2,483 | 1.78% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | PCTP | 1,757 | 1.26% | 0 |
|  | Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy | UEDS | 1,457 | 1.04% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 1,312 | 0.94% | 0 |
|  | Revolutionary Socialist Party | PSR | 1,200 | 0.86% | 0 |
|  | Portuguese Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization | OCMLP | 1,125 | 0.81% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 139,488 | 100.00% | 6 |
| Blank Votes | | | 1,356 | 0.93% |  |
| Rejected Votes – Other | | | 4,567 | 3.14% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 145,411 | 84.38% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 172,323 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Júlio Castro Caldas (AD); José Domingos (AD); Abreu Lima (AD); Manuel Tito de Morais (PS); Henrique Barrilaro Ruas (AD); and Vitor Vasques (PS).

##### 1976

Results of the 1976 legislative election held on 25 April 1976:

| Party | | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic People's Party | PPD | 42,519 | 34.90% | 3 |
|  | Socialist Party | PS | 33,094 | 27.16% | 2 |
|  | Social Democratic Centre Party | CDS | 30,437 | 24.98% | 2 |
|  | Portuguese Communist Party | PCP | 8,611 | 7.07% | 0 |
|  | People's Socialist Front | FSP | 1,314 | 1.08% | 0 |
|  | Christian Democratic Party | PDC | 1,192 | 0.98% | 0 |
|  | Popular Democratic Union | UDP | 1,110 | 0.91% | 0 |
|  | People's Monarchist Party | PPM | 995 | 0.82% | 0 |
|  | Movement of Socialist Left | MES | 881 | 0.72% | 0 |
|  | Internationalist Communist League | LCI | 583 | 0.48% | 0 |
|  | Re-Organized Movement of the Party of the Proletariat | MRPP | 399 | 0.33% | 0 |
|  | Worker–Peasant Alliance | AOC | 380 | 0.31% | 0 |
|  | Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist–Leninist) | PCP(ML) | 314 | 0.26% | 0 |
|  | Workers' Revolutionary Party | PRT | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Valid Votes | | | 121,829 | 100.00% | 7 |
| Rejected Votes | | | 7,921 | 6.10% |  |
| Total Polled | | | 129,750 | 79.14% |  |
| Registered Electors | | | 163,949 |  |  |

The following candidates were elected: Eugénio Anacoreta Correia (CDS); José Rui Fernandes (PPD); Amantino Lemos (PPD); Abreu Lima (CDS); Manuel Tito de Morais (PS); Américo Sequeira (PPD); and Oliveira e Silva (PS).

## InfoBox

| Viana do Castelo | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency
for the Assembly of the Republic | |
| Location of Viana do Castelo within Portugal | |
| District | Viana do Castelo |
| Population | 232,220 (2022) |
| Electorate | 233,491 (2024) |
| Area | 2,219 km2 (2022) |
| Current Constituency | |
| Created | 1976 |
| Seats | List * 5 (2024–present) * 6 (1979–2024) * 7 (1976–1979) |
| Deputies | List |


title: Infiniti Kuraza

abstract: The Infiniti Kuraza is a concept car designed by Nissan, under the Infiniti brand at the Nissan Technical Center in Atsugi, Japan, headed by product design director Kojii Nagano. It made its world debut in Detroit, at the 2005 North American International Auto Show. The Infiniti Kuraza ultimately never made it to production.

text:
# Infiniti Kuraza

The **Infiniti Kuraza** is a concept car designed by Nissan, under the Infiniti brand at the Nissan Technical Center in Atsugi, Japan, headed by product design director Kojii Nagano. It made its world debut in Detroit, at the 2005 North American International Auto Show. The Infiniti Kuraza ultimately never made it to production.

## Design

The Kuraza focuses more on space than utility in its design, featuring stadium-style six-passenger seating, which allow passengers unhindered access to rear seats using third-row doors. The designers built the Kuraza on the idea that all luxury passengers should be treated equally. This spawned the idea that all seats in the luxury vehicle will be equally as comfortable in all dimensions. Nagano stated that the Kuraza concept was about hospitality rather than transportation, with the design intending the vehicle to be a social space. The Kuraza design team decided that one of the limiting factors of comfort in luxury SUVs was convenient access to rear seating, and there are wide, unhinged, 3rd row doors on the Kuraza to deal with inconvenient access.

## Japanese design elements

The Kuraza team aimed to fuse the elements of traditional Japanese heritage and luxury with modern technology. The shape of the seatbacks are meant to suggest traditional the Japanese kimono. The layers of fabric reference Juni-hitoe design. The Infiniti logo is also on each seat, that is supposed to represent where a family crest could be found. The Uramasari tradition of fine clothing is also represented by the combination of materials used in the seats, leather for outer areas and raw silk underneath. The aluminium and wood flooring is also cut in the traditional Chijimi grain method. The Kuraza has a large touch screen 16 by 6 inch vertically oriented center monitor. This monitor is a modern interpretation of Kakejiku. The design team stated that they were looking for new ways to add an emotional element to information-centric monitors. The monitor can also be programmed with modern applications, such as weather and road conditions.

## Interior

The interior of the Kuraza includes six-passenger seating, a center beam console, LED lightning, door grips, foot rests, foot wells, and six individual reading lights. The Kuraza also has large windowed areas, with a glass overhead made of three panels for a panoramic view from all seats, with soft overhead lighting at night.

## Exterior

The Kuraza’s exterior includes an Infiniti-style “double-arch” tinted aluminum grille, multi-lamp LED headlights, with a tiny “surround-view” camera for blind spots. The Kuraza’s exterior is a deep violet color, with a metallic flake. Fine-grain finish aluminum is used all around the exterior of the vehicle. The vehicle runs on 23-inch 8-spoke aluminum-alloy wheels, and Special Dunlop 305/45R23 tires.

## Reception

The Infiniti Kuraza concept met with a negative reception after it was unveiled, and never found its ground after that. One such case of criticism was when A “Bag It or Build It?” survey was posted on The Wall Street Journal, asking for readers to vote on whether they like the auto industry’s ideas for future vehicles. Out of 7 concept vehicles, the Infiniti Kuraza appeared at the top of the “Bag it” list, with 69% of readers, 2497 people, stating their dislike of the vehicle.

## InfoBox

| Infiniti Kuraza | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2005 (Concept car) |
| Designer | Nissan |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size luxury SUV |
| Body style | 6-door SUV |
| Layout | F4 layout |


title: Glamour Girl (song)

abstract: "Glamour Girl" is a song written and recorded by Belgian acid house musician Praga Khan. It was featured on Freakazoids.

text:
# Glamour Girl (song)

"**Glamour Girl**" is a song written and recorded by Belgian acid house musician Praga Khan. It was featured on *Freakazoids*.

## Track listing

* **Belgian CD Single**

1. "Glamour Girl (Album Version)" - 3:19
2. "Glamour Girl (Plastic People Mix)" - 4:15

* **Belgian Antler-Subway 12" Single**

1. "Plastic People (Extended Mix)" - 6:04
2. "Glamour Girl (Filterheadz Vocal Mix)" - 7:34
3. "Glamour Girl (Extended Album Version)" - 5:24
4. "Glamour Girl (Sam vs. Philip @ Little Major Mix)" - 7:14

* **Belgian Fingerlicking Good 12" Single**

1. "Glamour Girl (Plastic People Mix)" - 4:15
2. "Glamour Girl (Sam Hell vs. Philip Remix)" - 7:14
3. "Glamour Girl (Zzino vs. Filterheadz Remix)" - 7:37
4. "Glamour Girl (Trish van Eynde Remix)" - 7:02

* **European CD Single**

1. "Glamour Girl (Album Version)" - 3:19
2. "Glamour Girl (Plastic People Mix)" - 4:15
3. "Glamour Girl (Plastic People Extended Mix)" - 6:04
4. "Glamour Girl (Filterheadz Vocal Mix)" - 7:34
5. "Glamour Girl (extended Album Version)" - 5:24
6. "Glamour Girl (Sam vs. Philip @ Little Major Mix)" - 7:14

* **US 12" Single**

1. "Glamour Girl (Original Mix)" - 3:19
2. "Glamour Girl (Plastic People Mix)" - 4:15
3. "Glamour Girl (Trish van Eynde Remix)" - 7:02
4. "Glamour Girl (Zzino vs. Filterheadz Remix)" - 7:37
5. "Glamour Girl (Filterheadz Dub)"

## InfoBox

| "Glamour Girl" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Praga Khan | |
| from the album  *Freakazoids* | |
| Released | 2002 |
| Recorded | 2002 |
| Label | Fingerlicking Good Records, Antler-Subway |
| Songwriter(s) | Praga Khan |
| Praga Khan singles chronology | |
| "Rhythm"
(2001) "**Glamour Girl**"
(2002) "No Earthly Connection"
(2002) | |


abstract: The Orange Center Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Orange, Connecticut. Centered on the town green at the junction of Meetinghouse Lane and Orange Center Road, it has retained its character as a 19th-century agrarian town center despite significant 20th-century suburbanization around it. Originally established as a local historic district in 1978, it listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# Orange Center Historic District (Orange, Connecticut)

The **Orange Center Historic District** encompasses the historic town center of Orange, Connecticut. Centered on the town green at the junction of Meetinghouse Lane and Orange Center Road, it has retained its character as a 19th-century agrarian town center despite significant 20th-century suburbanization around it. Originally established as a local historic district in 1978, it listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## Description and history

Orange was originally part of Milford, and was first settled in the late 17th century. It grew as a collection of dispersed farm properties through the 18th century, and in 1791 a common area, part of which survives as the town green, was set aside. A Congregational parish was authorized in 1804, prompting the construction of the present church. The town was separate incorporated in 1822. Growth of the town center was modest, because it was bypassed by major transportation routes.

The Orange Congregational Church, designed by David Hoadley and built in 1810 on the town green, is a centerpiece of the district. This Federal style church features a Palladian window, domed belfry and a painted black oval "window" on the front tower. The district also includes the Stone-Otis House (Federal with Greek revival portico), built circa 1830 (now a museum) and The Academy, a schoolhouse built in 1878 with stick style elements, including an elaborate gable screen, also now a museum. The district includes examples of Greek Revival, Late Victorian, and Federal architecture.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Orange Center Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Orange Congregational Church | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly Orange Center Rd. from Orange Cemetery to Nan Dr., Orange, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°16′36″N 73°1′40″W / 41.27667°N 73.02778°W / 41.27667; -73.02778 |
| Area | 195 acres (79 ha) |
| Built | 1810 (1810) |
| Architect | Hoadley, David |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Late Victorian, Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001089 |
| Added to NRHP | August 10, 1989 |


title: Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc

abstract: Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

text:
# Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc

**Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ ʁɔmɛ̃  kɔlbɔsk\]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc is a small farming and light industrial town in the Pays de Caux, situated some 8 miles (13 km) east of Le Havre, at the junction of the D34 and D6015 roads.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 3,003 |  |
| 1975 | 3,631 | +2.75% |
| 1982 | 3,595 | −0.14% |
| 1990 | 3,588 | −0.02% |
| 1999 | 3,937 | +1.04% |
| 2007 | 3,832 | −0.34% |
| 2012 | 3,884 | +0.27% |
| 2017 | 4,132 | +1.25% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The eighteenth-century church
* Ruins of the chateau of Robert.
* The chateau of Grosmesnil.
* A fifteenth-century manorhouse.
* The Franco-Prussian War memorial.
* A sixteenth-century stone cross.
* The fifteenth-century porch of the old hospital.
* A Protestant church, dating from the nineteenth century.

## InfoBox

| Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc | |
|  | |
| Location of Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc | |
| Saint-Romain-de-ColboscSaint-Romain-de-Colbosc | |
| Coordinates: 49°31′55″N 0°21′28″E / 49.5319°N 0.3578°E / 49.5319; 0.3578 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Seine-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Le Havre |
| Canton | Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc |
| Intercommunality | Le Havre Seine Métropole |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Clotilde Eudier |
| Area**1** | 11.74 km2 (4.53 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 4,436 |
| Density | 380/km2 (980/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 76647 /76430 |
| Elevation | 48–130 m (157–427 ft)
(avg. 125 m or 410 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Namsan station (Busan Metro)

abstract: Namsan Station is a station of Busan Metro Line 1 in Namsan-dong, Geumjeong District, Busan, South Korea.

text:
# Namsan station (Busan Metro)

**Namsan Station** (Korean: 남산역; Hanja: 南山驛) is a station of Busan Metro Line 1 in Namsan-dong, Geumjeong District, Busan, South Korea.

## Station Layout

| **G** | Street level | Exit |
| --- | --- | --- |

| **L1
Concourse** | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| --- | --- | --- |

| **L2
Platforms** | Side platform, doors will open on the right | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Southbound | Line 1 toward Dadaepo Beach (Dusil) |
| | Northbound | Line 1 toward Nopo (Beomeosa) |
| | Side platform, doors will open on the right | |

## InfoBox

| Namsan | |
| --- | --- |
| Station Entrance No. 5 | |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 남산역 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Namsan yeok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Namsan yŏk* |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Namsan-dong, Geumjeong District, Busan
South Korea |
| Coordinates | 35°15′55″N 129°05′33″E / 35.265384°N 129.092494°E / 35.265384; 129.092494 |
| Operated by | Busan Transportation Corporation |
| Line(s) | Line 1 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 132 |
| History | |
| Opened | July 19, 1985 |
| Previous names | Namsan-dong |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Busan Metro Following station  Dusiltowards Dadaepo Beach  Line 1  Beomeosatowards Nopo | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Henrik Ødegaard

abstract: Henrik Ødegaard is a Norwegian ice hockey player who is currently playing for Frisk Asker of the Norwegian GET-ligaen. After playing professionally in the Norwegian GET-ligaen for Ishockeyklubben Sparta Sarpsborg and Frisk Asker Ishockey, Ødegaard signed with the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League on October 1, 2013. After playing one game for the Wolves, Ødegaard was assigned by the Wolves to their affiliate the Missouri Mavericks of the Central Hockey League on October 10, 2013. Ødegaard also played seven games for Norway in the 2013 IIHF World Championship. On January 7, 2014, Ødegaard was named to Norway men's national ice hockey team for the 2014 Winter Olympics On April 18, 2014, Ødegaard was called back up to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League. On June 16, 2014 Ødegaard signed with Lørenskog IK of GET-ligaen.

text:
# Henrik Ødegaard

**Henrik Ødegaard** (born February 12, 1988) is a Norwegian ice hockey player who is currently playing for Frisk Asker of the Norwegian GET-ligaen.

After playing professionally in the Norwegian GET-ligaen for Ishockeyklubben Sparta Sarpsborg and Frisk Asker Ishockey, Ødegaard signed with the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League on October 1, 2013.

After playing one game for the Wolves, Ødegaard was assigned by the Wolves to their affiliate the Missouri Mavericks of the Central Hockey League on October 10, 2013.

Ødegaard also played seven games for Norway in the 2013 IIHF World Championship. On January 7, 2014, Ødegaard was named to Norway men's national ice hockey team for the 2014 Winter Olympics On April 18, 2014, Ødegaard was called back up to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League.

On June 16, 2014 Ødegaard signed with Lørenskog IK of GET-ligaen.

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| --- | --- |
| CHL *All-Rookie Team* | 2013–14 |

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2004–05 | Frisk Asker | NOR U18 | | 18 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 38 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 34 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 91 | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2007–08 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 40 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 104 | | 15 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 12 |
| 2008–09 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 33 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 56 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2009–10 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 42 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 58 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2010–11 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 44 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 111 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| 2011–12 | Sparta Warriors | NOR | | 44 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 136 | | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2012–13 | Sparta Warriors | NOR | | 45 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 116 | | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| 2013–14 | Chicago Wolves | AHL | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Missouri Mavericks | CHL | | 52 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 62 | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| 2014–15 | Lørenskog IK | NOR | | 33 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 129 | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015–16 | Lørenskog IK | NOR | | 40 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 104 | | 17 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
| 2016–17 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 34 | 3 | 11 | 14 | 28 | | 17 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 26 |
| 2017–18 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 28 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 34 | | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 22 |
| 2018–19 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 41 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 107 | | 18 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 14 |
| 2019–20 | Frisk Asker | NOR | | 42 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 104 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NOR totals | | | | 500 | 20 | 74 | 94 | 1178 | | 108 | 3 | 14 | 17 | 122 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Norway | WJC18 D1 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | Norway | WJC18 | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| 2007 | Norway | WJC D1 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2008 | Norway | WJC D1 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2008 | Norway | WC | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2013 | Norway | WC | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2014 | Norway | OG | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | Norway | WC | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| 2015 | Norway | WC | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2016 | Norway | WC | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 | Norway | OGQ | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017 | Norway | WC | | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2018 | Norway | OG | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Junior totals | | | | 21 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
| Senior totals | | | | 53 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 20 |

## InfoBox

| Henrik Ødegaard | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ødegaard in 2013 | | | |
| Born | (1988-02-12) February 12, 1988
Asker, Norway | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 187 lb (85 kg; 13 st 5 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| GET team
Former teams | *Frisk Asker*
Chicago Wolves
Missouri Mavericks
Sparta Warriors
Lørenskog IK | | |
| National team | Norway | | |
| Playing career | 20062020 | | |