title: Thuniopsis

abstract:
Thuniopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. Its native range is China (Yunnan) to Myanmar. Species:
  - Thuniopsis cleistogama L.Li, D.P.Ye & Shi J.Li, 2015

text:
# Thuniopsis

***Thuniopsis*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae.

Its native range is China (Yunnan) to Myanmar.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Thuniopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Genus: | *Thuniopsis*<br>L.Li, D.P.Ye & Shi J.Li |
|


title: Thunise & Richard Cooper House

abstract: Thunise & Richard Cooper House is located in Oradell, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1760 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1985.

text:
# Thunise & Richard Cooper House

**Thunise & Richard Cooper House** is located in Oradell, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1760 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Thunise & Richard Cooper House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Thunise & Richard Cooper House in 2015 | |
|  | |
| Location | 608-610 Brookside Avenue, Oradell, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°56′55″N 74°1′53″W / 40.94861°N 74.03139°W / 40.94861; -74.03139 |
| Area | 0.3 acres (0.12 ha) |
| Built | 1760 |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, Federal, Vernacular Late Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 85002182 |
| NJRHP No. | 610 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 12, 1985 |
| Designated NJRHP | July 29, 1985 |


title: Max González Olaechea

abstract: Maximiliano González Olaechea was a Peruvian medical doctor, clinician and university professor. He carried out his studies at the School of Medicine of the National University of San Marcos in Lima, Peru, where he graduated with a thesis on cirrhosis. He was a noteworthy doctor and professor in Peru, three times dean of the School of Medicine, Head of the General Pathology Department, the Clinical Medicine Department, the Forensics Department, the Surgical Nosography Department, the Pathology and Pre-medicine Department, the Semiology Department and the Male Clinical Medicine Department. He was the president of National Academy of Medicine between 1921 and 1923 and the first Latin American doctor to be named a Member of Honor of the American Academy of Medicine in New York City.

text:
# Max González Olaechea

**Maximiliano González Olaechea** (November 30, 1867, in Arequipa, Peru – February 5, 1946, in Ica) was a Peruvian medical doctor, clinician and university professor.

He carried out his studies at the School of Medicine of the National University of San Marcos in Lima, Peru, where he graduated with a thesis on cirrhosis. He was a noteworthy doctor and professor in Peru, three times dean of the School of Medicine, Head of the General Pathology Department, the Clinical Medicine Department, the Forensics Department, the Surgical Nosography Department, the Pathology and Pre-medicine Department, the Semiology Department and the Male Clinical Medicine Department.

He was the president of National Academy of Medicine between 1921 and 1923 and the first Latin American doctor to be named a Member of Honor of the American Academy of Medicine in New York City.


title: Three of Hearts (1993 film)

abstract: Three of Hearts is a 1993 comedy-romance film directed by Yurek Bogayevicz and starring William Baldwin, Kelly Lynch, Sherilyn Fenn and Joe Pantoliano.

text:
# Three of Hearts (1993 film)

***Three of Hearts*** is a 1993 comedy-romance film directed by Yurek Bogayevicz and starring William Baldwin, Kelly Lynch, Sherilyn Fenn and Joe Pantoliano.

## Plot

It involves a love triangle: a straight gigolo Joe (William Baldwin), his lesbian best friend Connie (Kelly Lynch), and her former lover, an attractive bisexual woman Ellen (Sherilyn Fenn).

Connie is desperate to win Ellen back and Joe volunteers to break Ellen's heart to convince her that heterosexual relationships are inferior to lesbian ones. The hope is that the disaster will cause her to return to Connie. Neither counts on Joe having feelings for Ellen nor expects her to discover the trick.

## Cast

## Release

### Critical response

The movie received mixed reviews. It currently has a 53% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews.

### Box office

The movie debuted at No. 7 with $1,928,076 in its first weekend behind such films as *Indecent Proposal* and *Benny & Joon*.

## InfoBox

| Three of Hearts | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Yurek Bogayevicz |
| Written by | Adam Greenman
Mitch Glazer |
| Produced by | Matthew Irmas |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Andrzej Sekuła |
| Edited by | Dennis M. Hill
Suzanne Hines |
| Music by | Joe Jackson |
| Production
company | New Line Cinema |
| Distributed by | New Line Cinema |
| Release date | * April 30, 1993 (1993-04-30) |
| Running time | 102 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $11 million |
| Box office | $5,495,507 |


title: Thurman C. Crook

abstract: Thurman Charles Crook was an American politician who served one term as a United States representative from Indiana from 1949 to 1951.

text:
# Thurman C. Crook

**Thurman Charles Crook** (July 18, 1891 – October 23, 1981) was an American politician who served one term as a United States representative from Indiana from 1949 to 1951.

## Biography

Thurman Crook was born at a farm near Peru, Indiana and attended the Cass County schools, Logansport High School, Indiana State University, Purdue University, Indiana University, before graduating from Valparaiso University in 1930. He learned the carpentry and cement trades, and later taught departmental work and coached athletics in Indiana high schools from 1913 to 1948.

Crook wrote a book in 1928 entitled *Mechanical Drawing, a Textbook for Beginners*, which was published by the McGraw-Hill book company.

Later, he became a fruit grower near Logansport, Indiana from 1924 to 1947.

### Political career

Crook was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1939 to 1943, and then served in the Indiana Senate from 1943 to 1947.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress. Crook was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-first Congress (January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951) but he was a unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress and for election in 1956 to the Eighty-fifth Congress.

### Later career and death

After leaving Congress, Crook worked as a farmer, horticulturist, and sheep raiser. He was a resident of Macy, Indiana until his death in Rochester, Indiana in 1981 at age 90.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Thurman C. Crook | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Indiana's 3rd district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1949  January 3, 1951 | |
| Preceded by | Robert A. Grant |
| Succeeded by | Shepard J. Crumpacker Jr. |
| Member of the Indiana House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1939-1943 | |
| Member of the Indiana Senate | |
| **In office**
1943-47 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Thurman Charles Crook
(1891-07-18)July 18, 1891
Peru, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | October 23, 1981(1981-10-23) (aged 90)
Rochester, Indiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Indiana State University
Purdue University
Valparaiso University |
|  | |


title: Tiburzio Baldini

abstract: Fra Tiburzio Baldini was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born in Bologna, and painted for the churches and convents at Brescia, including a Marriage of the Virgin with St. Joseph and the Murder of the Innocents in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie.

text:
# Tiburzio Baldini

**Fra Tiburzio Baldini** (early 17th century) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born in Bologna, and painted for the churches and convents at Brescia, including a *Marriage of the Virgin with St. Joseph* and the *Murder of the Innocents* in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie.

* Bryan, Michael (1886). Robert Edmund Graves (ed.). *Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, Biographical and Critical*. Vol. I: A-K. London: George Bell and Sons. p. 71.


title: Frederick Marple

abstract: Frederick Marple was an English footballer who played for Burslem Port Vale in the 1890s.

text:
# Frederick Marple

**Frederick Marple** (1871 – 1931) was an English footballer who played for Burslem Port Vale in the 1890s.

## Career

Marple joined Burslem Port Vale in September 1894, scoring on his debut in a 2–1 defeat to Bury at the Athletic Ground on the 15th of that month. He was only to play one more Second Division game however, before his release, which probably came at the end of the 1894–95 season.

## Career statistics

Source:

| Club | Season | Division | League | | FA Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Burslem Port Vale | 1894–95 | Second Division | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | | | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |

## InfoBox

Frederick Marple
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | 1871 | | |
| Place of birth | Longton, Staffordshire, England | | |
| Date of death | 1931 (aged 5960) | | |
| Position(s) | Left winger | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1894–1895 | Burslem Port Vale | 2 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Thyreopterus

abstract: Thyreopterus is a genus of in the beetle family Carabidae. There are more than 30 described species in Thyreopterus, found in Africa.

text:
# Thyreopterus

***Thyreopterus*** is a genus of in the beetle family Carabidae. There are more than 30 described species in *Thyreopterus*, found in Africa.

## Species

These 31 species belong to the genus *Thyreopterus*:

## InfoBox

| *Thyreopterus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Thyreopterus flavosignatus*, South Africa | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Lebiinae |
| Tribe: | Lebiini |
| Subtribe: | Pericalina |
| Genus: | *Thyreopterus*<br>Dejean, 1831 |
|
| Subgenera | |
| * Selenoritus Alluaud, 1917 * Thyreopterinus Alluaud, 1932 * Thyreopterus Dejean, 1831 | |


title: Thyca sagamiensis

abstract: Thyca sagamiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Thyca.

text:
# Thyca sagamiensis

***Thyca sagamiensis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus *Thyca*.

## InfoBox

| *Thyca sagamiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Thyca* |
| Species: | ***T. sagamiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thyca sagamiensis***<br>(Kuroda & Habe, 1971) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Kiramodulus sagamiensis* Kuroda & Habe, 1971 | |


title: Thyce deserta

abstract: Thyce deserta is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.

text:
# Thyce deserta

***Thyce deserta*** is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2006). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 3: Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-30914-2.

## InfoBox

| *Thyce deserta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | *Thyce* |
| Species: | ***T. deserta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thyce deserta***<br>Hardy, 1974 | |
|


title: Tibetodus

abstract: Tibetodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Late Jurassic epoch.

text:
# Tibetodus

***Tibetodus*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Late Jurassic epoch.

## InfoBox

| *Tibetodus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Pycnodontiformes |
| Genus: | *Tibetodus*
Young & Liu, 1954 |
|


title: Mays Lick Negro School

abstract: Mays Lick Negro School is a former black school in May's Lick, Kentucky. The schoolhouse, which dates to the 1920s, has been declared a historic landmark. It was a Rosenwald School. After the American Civil War, the Freeman's Bureau was tasked with educating the newly freed black children. The Freeman's Bureau opened a school for black children in the May's Lick community ca. 1868. The location was behind the Second Baptist Church, near US 68 and Nicholas Street. A new schoolhouse was dedicated July 17, 1921. This school was constructed with help of the Rosenwald Fund. The school remained in operation until the early 1960s. The square brick building with long windows has been added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. As of 2019, fund-raising efforts are being made to restore this building. Its National Register nomination states baldly:Mays Lick Negro School operated as a consolidated school for African Americans in Mason County Kentucky from the year it was built, 1920-1921, until Mason County ceased to segregate education racially, in 1960. It is significant all the years from 1920-1960 in the history of local education for showing the interest of the county's white citizens in keeping children in school from interacting racially. The spelling of the school's name includes no apostrophe, as the school was termed, and literally labelled, "Mays Lick" not "May's Lick".

text:
# Mays Lick Negro School

**Mays Lick Negro School** is a former black school in May's Lick, Kentucky. The schoolhouse, which dates to the 1920s, has been declared a historic landmark. It was a Rosenwald School.

After the American Civil War, the Freeman's Bureau was tasked with educating the newly freed black children. The Freeman's Bureau opened a school for black children in the May's Lick community ca. 1868. The location was behind the Second Baptist Church, near US 68 and Nicholas Street. A new schoolhouse was dedicated July 17, 1921. This school was constructed with help of the Rosenwald Fund. The school remained in operation until the early 1960s.

The square brick building with long windows has been added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. As of 2019, fund-raising efforts are being made to restore this building.

Its National Register nomination states baldly:

> Mays Lick Negro School operated as a consolidated school for African Americans in Mason County Kentucky from the year it was built, 1920-1921, until Mason County ceased to segregate education racially, in 1960. It is significant all the years from 1920-1960 in the history of local education for showing the interest of the county's white citizens in keeping children in school from interacting racially.

The spelling of the school's name includes no apostrophe, as the school was termed, and literally labelled, "Mays Lick" not "May's Lick".

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mays Lick Negro School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Historical marker in front of schoolhouse | |
|  | |
| Location | 5003 Raymond Rd. Mays Lick, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 38°31′05″N 83°50′19″W / 38.51817°N 83.83848°W / 38.51817; -83.83848 |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| Built | 1921 |
| NRHP reference No. | 100002160 |
| Added to NRHP | 2018-03-05 |


title: Maxilla

abstract: In vertebrates, the maxilla is the upper fixed bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw.

text:
# Maxilla

In vertebrates, the **maxilla** (pl.: **maxillae** /mækˈsɪl/) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw.

## Anatomy

### Structure

The maxilla is a paired bone - the two maxillae unite with each other at the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla consists of:

It has three surfaces:

* the anterior, posterior, medial

Features of the maxilla include:

### Articulations

Each maxilla articulates with nine bones: frontal, ethmoid, nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, and palatine bones, the vomer, the inferior nasal concha, as well as the maxilla of the other side.

Sometimes it articulates with the orbital surface, and sometimes with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid.

### Development

The maxilla is ossified in membrane. Mall and Fawcett maintain that it is ossified from *two* centers only, one for the maxilla proper and one for the premaxilla.

These centers appear during the sixth week of prenatal development and unite in the beginning of the third month, but the suture between the two portions persists on the palate until nearly middle life. Mall states that the frontal process is developed from both centers.

The maxillary sinus appears as a shallow groove on the nasal surface of the bone about the fourth month of development, but does not reach its full size until after the second dentition.

The maxilla was formerly described as ossifying from six centers, viz.:

* One, the *orbitonasal,* forms that portion of the body of the bone which lies medial to the infraorbital canal, including the medial part of the floor of the orbit and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
* A second, the *zygomatic,* gives origin to the portion which lies lateral to the infraorbital canal, including the zygomatic process.
* From a third, the *palatine,* is developed the palatine process posterior to the incisive canal together with the adjoining part of the nasal wall.
* A fourth, the *premaxillary,* forms the incisive bone which carries the incisor teeth and corresponds to the premaxilla of the lower vertebrates.
* A fifth, the *nasal,* gives rise to the frontal process and the portion above the canine tooth.
* And a sixth, the *infravomerine,* lies between the palatine and premaxillary centers and beneath the vomer; this center, together with the corresponding center of the opposite bone, separates the incisive canals from each other.

#### Changes by age

At birth the transverse and antero-posterior diameters of the bone are each greater than the vertical.

The frontal process is well-marked and the body of the bone consists of little more than the alveolar process, the teeth sockets reaching almost to the floor of the orbit.

The maxillary sinus presents the appearance of a furrow on the lateral wall of the nose. In the adult the vertical diameter is the greatest, owing to the development of the alveolar process and the increase in size of the sinus.

## Function

The alveolar process of the maxillae holds the upper teeth, and is referred to as the maxillary arch. Each maxilla attaches laterally to the zygomatic bones (cheek bones).

Each maxilla assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities:

Each maxilla also enters into the formation of two fossae: the infratemporal and pterygopalatine, and two fissures, the inferior orbital and pterygomaxillary. -When the tender bones of the upper jaw and lower nostril are severely or repetitively damaged, at any age the surrounding cartilage can begin to deteriorate just as it does after death.

## Clinical significance

A maxilla fracture is a form of facial fracture. A maxilla fracture is often the result of facial trauma such as violence, falls or automobile accidents. Maxilla fractures are classified according to the Le Fort classification.

## In other animals

Sometimes (e.g. in bony fish), the maxilla is called "upper maxilla", with the mandible being the "lower maxilla". Conversely, in birds the upper jaw is often called "upper mandible".

In most vertebrates, the foremost part of the upper jaw, to which the incisors are attached in mammals consists of a separate pair of bones, the premaxillae. These fuse with the maxilla proper to form the bone found in humans, and some other mammals. In bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, both maxilla and premaxilla are relatively plate-like bones, forming only the sides of the upper jaw, and part of the face, with the premaxilla also forming the lower boundary of the nostrils. However, in mammals, the bones have curved inward, creating the palatine process and thereby also forming part of the roof of the mouth.

Birds do not have a maxilla in the strict sense; the corresponding part of their beaks (mainly consisting of the premaxilla) is called "upper mandible".

Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks, also lack a true maxilla. Their upper jaw is instead formed from a cartilaginous bar that is not homologous with the bone found in other vertebrates.

## Additional images

*This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 157 of the 20th edition of* Gray's Anatomy *(1918)*

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Maxilla | |
| --- | --- |
| Position of the maxilla | |
| Animation of the maxilla | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | First branchial arch |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *maxilla* |
| MeSH | D008437 |
| TA98 | A02.1.12.001 |
| TA2 | 756 |
| FMA | 9711 |
| Anatomical terms of bone | |


title: Maxie Santillan Jr.

abstract: Maxie Santillan Jr. was an American actor known for minor roles in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. He is often credited as "Maxie J. Santillan Jr.".

text:
# Maxie Santillan Jr.

**Maxie Santillan Jr.** (18 January 1956 – 22 March 2022) was an American actor known for minor roles in *Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl* and *It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia*. He is often credited as "Maxie J. Santillan Jr.".

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl* | Maximo |  |
| 2004 | *The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie* | Gummy the Pirate |  |
| 2005 | *Che Guevara* | Chao |  |
| 2006 | *Sell Out* | Dragon Fang | Short |
| 2008 | *Mutant Vampire Zombies from the 'Hood!* | Old Man / Jorge Gonzales |  |
| 2009 | *Life Is Hot in Cracktown* | Slimy Drunk | Uncredited |
| 2010 | *Everything Will Happen Before You Die* | Monk |  |
| | *Nude Nuns with Big Guns* | Mr. Foo |  |
| | Food Stamps | ChooChoo |  |
| 2011 | *Invisible* | Hal | Short |
| | *Hyenas* | Salazar |  |
| 2012 | *We the Party* | Mystic |  |
| | *Ninjito: Mexican Ninja* | El Borracho | Short |
| | *Scary or Die* | Gonzalez Sr. |  |
| 2015 | *The Time We're In* | Mystic | Short |
| 2016 | *Gehenna: Where Death Lives* | Old Native |  |
| 2018 | *Something Horrible* | Briden |  |
| 2020 | *The Lady of the Dead* | Victor |  |
| 2021 | *Welcome to Our World* | ChooChoo | (final film role) |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006-2007 | *My Name Is Earl* | Sparky | 2 episodes |
| 2007 | *The Universe* | Shaman | Episode: "Beyond the Big Bang" |
| | *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* | Homeless Man | Episode: "Lying Down with Dogs" |
| 2007-2010 | *It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia* | Grizzled Busman | 2 episodes |
| 2010-2012 | *Pair of Kings* | Stately Islander | 5 episodes |
| 2011 | *Shameless* | Vagrant | Episode: "Frank the Plank" |
| 2012 | *The Eric Andre Show* | Himself | 2 episodes |
| | *Tales of the Frontier* | Jose Sanchez | 2 episodes |
| | *1000 Ways to Die* | Wang-Chung | Episode: "Tweets from the Dead" |
| 2015 | *Rent Control* | Gabriel | Episode: "Garage" |
| | *Criminal Minds* | Homeless Man | Episode: "Til Death Do Us Part" |
| 2017 | *Disjointed* | Guy with Walker | Episode: "Donna Weed" |

## InfoBox

| Maxie Santillan Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-01-18)January 18, 1956 |
| Died | March 22, 2022(2022-03-22) (aged 66) |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2003–2021 |


title: Tietze extension theorem

abstract: In topology, the Tietze extension theorem states that any real-valued, continuous function on a closed subset of a normal topological space can be extended to the entire space, preserving boundedness if necessary.

text:
# Tietze extension theorem

In topology, the **Tietze extension theorem** (also known as the **Tietze–UrysohnBrouwer extension theorem** or **Urysohn-Brouwer lemma**) states that any real-valued, continuous function on a closed subset of a normal topological space can be extended to the entire space, preserving boundedness if necessary.

## Formal statement

If $X$ is a normal space and $f:A\to \mathbb {R} $ is a continuous map from a closed subset $A$ of $X$ into the real numbers $\mathbb {R} $ carrying the standard topology, then there exists a *continuous extension* of $f$ to $X;$ that is, there exists a map $F:X\to \mathbb {R} $ continuous on all of $X$ with $F(a)=f(a)$ for all $a\in A.$ Moreover, $F$ may be chosen such that $\sup\\{|f(a)|:a\in A\\}~=~\sup\\{|F(x)|:x\in X\\},$ that is, if $f$ is bounded then $F$ may be chosen to be bounded (with the same bound as $f$).

## Proof

The function $F$ is constructed iteratively. Firstly, we define $\begin{aligned}c\_{0}&=\sup\\{|f(a)|:a\in A\\}\\E\_{0}&=\\{a\in A:f(a)\geq c\_{0}/3\\}\\F\_{0}&=\\{a\in A:f(a)\leq -c\_{0}/3\\}.\end{aligned}$ Observe that $E\_{0}$ and $F\_{0}$ are closed and disjoint subsets of $A$. By taking a linear combination of the function obtained from the proof of Urysohn's lemma, there exists a continuous function $g\_{0}:X\to \mathbb {R} $ such that $\begin{aligned}g\_{0}&={\frac {c\_{0}{3}{\text{ on }E\_{0}\\g\_{0}&=-{\frac {c\_{0}{3}{\text{ on }F\_{0}\end{aligned}}}}}}}$ and furthermore $-{\frac {c\_{0}{3}\leq g\_{0}\leq {\frac {c\_{0}{3}}}}}$ on $X$. In particular, it follows that $\begin{aligned}|g\_{0}|&\leq {\frac {c\_{0}{3}\\\|f-g\_{0}|&\leq {\frac {2c\_{0}{3}\end{aligned}}}}}$ on $A$. We now use induction to construct a sequence of continuous functions $(g\_{n})\_{n=0}^{\infty }$ such that $\begin{aligned}|g\_{n}|&\leq {\frac {2^{n}c\_{0}{3^{n+1}\\\|f-g\_{0}-...-g\_{n}|&\leq {\frac {2^{n+1}c\_{0}{3^{n+1}.\end{aligned}}}}}}}$ We've shown that this holds for $n=0$ and assume that $g\_{0},...,g\_{n-1}$ have been constructed. Define $c\_{n-1}=\sup\\{|f(a)-g\_{0}(a)-...-g\_{n-1}(a)|:a\in A\\}$ and repeat the above argument replacing $c\_{0}$ with $c\_{n-1}$ and replacing $f$ with $f-g\_{0}-...-g\_{n-1}$. Then we find that there exists a continuous function $g\_{n}:X\to \mathbb {R} $ such that $\begin{aligned}|g\_{n}|&\leq {\frac {c\_{n-1}{3}\\\|f-g\_{0}-...-g\_{n}|&\leq {\frac {2c\_{n-1}{3}.\end{aligned}}}}}$ By the inductive hypothesis, $c\_{n-1}\leq 2^{n}c\_{0}/3^{n}$ hence we obtain the required identities and the induction is complete. Now, we define a continuous function $F\_{n}:X\to \mathbb {R} $ as $F\_{n}=g\_{0}+...+g\_{n}.$ Given $n\geq m$, $\begin{aligned}|F\_{n}-F\_{m}|&=|g\_{m+1}+...+g\_{n}|\\\&\leq \left(\left({\frac {2}{3}\right)^{m+1}+...+\left({\frac {2}{3}\right)^{n}\right){\frac {c\_{0}{3}\\\&\leq \left({\frac {2}{3}\right)^{m+1}c\_{0}.\end{aligned}}}}}}$ Therefore, the sequence $(F\_{n})\_{n=0}^{\infty }$ is Cauchy. Since the space of continuous functions on $X$ together with the sup norm is a complete metric space, it follows that there exists a continuous function $F:X\to \mathbb {R} $ such that $F\_{n}$ converges uniformly to $F$. Since $|f-F\_{n}|\leq {\frac {2^{n}c\_{0}{3^{n+1}}}}$ on $A$, it follows that $F=f$ on $A$. Finally, we observe that $|F\_{n}|\leq \sum \_{n=0}^{\infty }|g\_{n}|\leq c\_{0}$ hence $F$ is bounded and has the same bound as $f$. $\square $

## History

L. E. J. Brouwer and Henri Lebesgue proved a special case of the theorem, when $X$ is a finite-dimensional real vector space. Heinrich Tietze extended it to all metric spaces, and Pavel Urysohn proved the theorem as stated here, for normal topological spaces.

## Equivalent statements

This theorem is equivalent to Urysohn's lemma (which is also equivalent to the normality of the space) and is widely applicable, since all metric spaces and all compact Hausdorff spaces are normal. It can be generalized by replacing $\mathbb {R} $ with $\mathbb {R} ^{J}$ for some indexing set $J,$ any retract of $\mathbb {R} ^{J},$ or any normal absolute retract whatsoever.

## Variations

If $X$ is a metric space, $A$ a non-empty subset of $X$ and $f:A\to \mathbb {R} $ is a Lipschitz continuous function with Lipschitz constant $K,$ then $f$ can be extended to a Lipschitz continuous function $F:X\to \mathbb {R} $ with same constant $K.$ This theorem is also valid for Hölder continuous functions, that is, if $f:A\to \mathbb {R} $ is Hölder continuous function with constant less than or equal to $1,$ then $f$ can be extended to a Hölder continuous function $F:X\to \mathbb {R} $ with the same constant.

Another variant (in fact, generalization) of Tietze's theorem is due to H.Tong and Z. Ercan: Let $A$ be a closed subset of a normal topological space $X.$ If $f:X\to \mathbb {R} $ is an upper semicontinuous function, $g:X\to \mathbb {R} $ a lower semicontinuous function, and $h:A\to \mathbb {R} $ a continuous function such that $f(x)\leq g(x)$ for each $x\in X$ and $f(a)\leq h(a)\leq g(a)$ for each $a\in A$, then there is a continuous extension $H:X\to \mathbb {R} $ of $h$ such that $f(x)\leq H(x)\leq g(x)$ for each $x\in X.$ This theorem is also valid with some additional hypothesis if $\mathbb {R} $ is replaced by a general locally solid Riesz space.

Dugundji (1951) extends the theorem as follows: If $X$ is a metric space, $Y$ is a locally convex topological vector space, $A$ is a closed subset of $X$ and $f:A\to Y$ is continuous, then it could be extended to a continuous function $\tilde {f}$ defined on all of $X$. Moreover, the extension could be chosen such that $\tilde {f}(X)\subseteq {\text{conv}f(A)}$


title: Tibor Pardi

abstract: Tibor Pardi was a Hungarian water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Tibor Pardi

**Tibor Pardi** (5 December 1967  28 February 2007) was a Hungarian water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Tibor Pardi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Born | (1967-12-05)5 December 1967
Budapest, Hungary |
| Died | 28 February 2007(2007-02-28) (aged 39)
Budapest, Hungary |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Water polo |
| Medal record      Men's Water polo  Representing  Hungary  Universiade  1993 Buffalo  Team | |
| Updated on 10 August 2023 | |


title: Fresh Sounds Records

abstract: Fresh Sounds Records was an independent record label from Lawrence, Kansas, run by local music promoter Bill Rich. Acts that have been on the label include Get Smart!, the Embarrassment, the Mortal Micronotz, Start, SPK, the Homestead Grays and William S. Burroughs.

text:
# Fresh Sounds Records

**Fresh Sounds Records** (also known as **Fresh Sounds Inc**) was an independent record label from Lawrence, Kansas, run by local music promoter Bill Rich. Acts that have been on the label include Get Smart!, the Embarrassment, the Mortal Micronotz, Start, SPK, the Homestead Grays and William S. Burroughs.

## History

The label was founded in 1981 and its first releases were flexi discs that were issued with Rich's *Talk Talk* magazine. The first four albums issued by the label were issued on cassette only before the label started issuing its releases on vinyl.

## *Fresh Sounds from Middle America*

The *Fresh Sounds from Middle America* series of compilation albums was organized by Bill Rich as a way to promote regional bands on a national level.

## Discography

| Year | Cat no | Artist | Title | Format |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | Fresh Flexi 001 | Abuse | "No Money" / "In America" / "Love's Alright" | flexi (3 tracks) |
| 1981 | Fresh Flexi 002 | Get Smart! | "Numbers and Colours" / "Ankle Deep in Mud" | flexi (2 tracks) |
| 1981 | Fresh Flexi 003 | William S. Burroughs | "Abandoned Artifacts" / "On the Nova Lark" | flexi |
| 1981 | Fresh Tape 101 | Various artists | *Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 1)* | cassette |
| 1981 | Fresh Tape 102 | Various artists | *Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 2)* | cassette |
| 1982 | Fresh Tape 103 | SPK | *Last Attempt at Paradise Tape* | cassette |
| 1984 | Fresh Tape 104 | The Embarrassment | *Retrospective* | cassette |
| 1982 | FS 201 | Mortal Micronotz | *Mortal Micronotz* | LP (14 tracks) |
| 1982 | FS 202 | Broadcast | *Zero Hour* | 7-inch EP (4 tracks) |
| 1983 | FS 203 | Start | *Look Around* | 12-inch EP |
| 1983 | FS 204 | The Embarrassment | *Death Travels West* | LP |
| 1983 | FS 206 | The Micronotz | *Smash* | 12-inch EP |
| 1984 | FS 207 | The YardApes | "Neurosis"/"Ghost Town" | 7-inch single |
| 1984 | FS 208 | The O.D.'s | *Back at the Ranch* | LP |
| 1984 | FS 209 | Short Term Memory | *Effect of Excess* | LP |
| 1984 | FS 210 | Mortal Micronotz | *Live Recording of the Video Soundtrack* | 7-inch EP |
| 1985 | FS 211 | The Micronotz | *The Beast That Devoured Itself* | LP |
| 1985 | FS 212 | The YardApes | "Weatherman"/"White as a Ghost" | 7-inch single |
| 1986 | FS 213 | Various artists | *Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 3)* | LP |
| 1983 | FS 214 | The Micronotz | *40 Fingers* | LP (13 tracks) |
| 1983 | FS 215 | William S. Burroughs | *Break Through in Grey Room* | LP |
| 1987 | FS 216 | Intensive Care | *They Thought They Were Free* | LP |
| 1987 | FS 217 | The Embarrassment | *The Embarrassment LP* | LP |
| 1988 | FS 218 | Various artists | *Live from Lawrence* | LP |
| 1988 | FS 219 | Homestead Grays | *Big Hits* | 12-inch vinyl |
| 1989 | FS 220 | Intensive Care | *Assault Down Memory Lane LP* | LP |
| 1990 | FS 221 | Various artists | *Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 5)* | CD |

1. Jaerisch, Burkhard. "Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 3)". *Flex: Discography of US Punk and Hardcore*. Archived from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
2. Enthal, Andrea (April 1986). "College Radio". *Spin*. p. 110. Archived from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
3. Steven Blush; George Petros (October 19, 2010). *American Hardcore: A Tribal History*. Feral House. p. 262. ISBN 978-1932595895. Archived from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved March 17, 2023. Bill Rich of Fresh Sounds (and *Talk Talk* zine) put out the *Fresh Sounds From Middle America* comp tape and early cassettes by local greats The Embarrassment and Mortal Micronots (later The Micronotz).
4. Jensen, Ron (January 17, 1982). "Local music critic promotes 'Fresh Sounds' of Midwest". *Lawrence Journal-World*. p. 16. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
5. Fricke, David (December 18, 1986). "The Underground Empire". *Rolling Stone*. pp. 116–122. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Lawrence, Kansas, has been a hotbed of alternative music for several years, thanks principally to the indefatigable Bill Rich, who runs the hardy, little Fresh Sounds label there. As far back as 1981, Rich was issuing the first pressings by the Lawrence bands Get Smart! and the Embarrassment, both of whom went on to underground-cult fame.
6. "Fresh Sounds' Album Features 16 Local, Regional Bands". *Lawrence Journal-World*. March 9, 1986. pp. 3D. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016. Unknown bands on tape are not accorded the legitimacy that bands whose songs are released on vinyl get
7. Fricke, David (January 1, 1987). "A selective guide to indie LPs". *Rolling Stone*. p. 122. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011.
8. Hitchcock, Doug (Feb 8, 1986). "Look for Fresh Sounds from the River City". *Lawrence Journal-World*. pp. 5D. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
9. Spinali, Steve (May 1986). "Record review". *Maximumrocknroll #36*. p. 16. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2011.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
10. "Record review". *Option*. 1986. pp. Issue #52. Archived from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
11. Oakes, Jordan (May 1986). "Record review". *Jet Lag magazine*. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
12. "Abuse - No Money" at Discogs
13. "Get Smart! - Numbers And Colours" at Discogs
14. "William S. Burroughs - Abandoned Artifacts" at Discogs
15. *SPK - Last Attempt at Paradise Tape* at Discogs
16. *Mortal Micronotz LP* at Discogs
17. *the Embarrassment - Death Travels West* at Discogs
18. "YardApes - Neurosis" at Discogs
19. *O.D.'s - Back at the Ranch* at Discogs
20. *Short Term Memory - Effect of Excess* at Discogs
21. "Mortal Micronotz - Live Recording of the Video Soundtrack" at Discogs
22. "YardApes - Weatherman" at Discogs
23. *the Micronotz - 40 Fingers* at Discogs
24. *William S. Burroughs - Break Through In Grey Room* at Discogs
25. *the Embarrassment LP* at Discogs
26. *Various - Live From Lawrence* at Discogs

## InfoBox

| Fresh Sounds Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1981 (1981) |
| Founder | Bill Rich |
| Status | Inactive |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Location | Lawrence, Kansas |


abstract: Fresh Sounds From Middle America was the second in a series of compilations featuring bands from the Midwest region of America. Volume 2 was a split compilation cassette-only release featuring 18 tracks from 5 bands. The "Fresh Sounds" series was organized by Bill Rich, of Talk Talk magazine, as a way to promote regional bands nationally.

text:
# Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 2)

***Fresh Sounds From Middle America (vol 2)*** was the second in a series of compilations featuring bands from the Midwest region of America. Volume 2 was a split compilation cassette-only release featuring 18 tracks from 5 bands.

The "Fresh Sounds" series was organized by Bill Rich, of Talk Talk magazine, as a way to promote regional bands nationally.

## Track listing / personnel

### Side 1

| Artist | Tracks | Personnel |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **The Buckthrusters** | 1. "Blu Light Special" 2. "And It Is" 3. "The Drive" 4. "The Moment" 5. "Ha! Ha!" | * Jim Rosencutter - bass * Britt Rosencutter - drums, vocals * Staci Stull - guitar, vocals * Greg Cowper - accordion, synthesizer, vocals * Jim Skeel - keyboards, synthesizer, vocals  Recorded and Produced by Jim Skeel, Greg Cowper and the Buckthrusters at Skeels, Wichita, KS |
| **The New Wave Brothers** | 1. "New Wave Brothers Rap" 2. "I'm The Best" 3. "DNA Monsters" | * Jim Rosencutter - all instruments, vocals * Britt Rosencutter - all instruments, vocals * Alex Erickson - all instruments, vocals * Court Thomas - all instruments, vocals |

### Side 2

| Artist | Tracks | Personnel |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Color Entertainment** | 1. "Instrumental" 2. "Come On!" 3. "Plants" 4. "Fruit Of The Womb" | * Fred Skellenger * Kathi Inukai |
| **Monte Montclaire** | 1. "Period Piece" | * Monte Montclaire |
| **The C. Lucas Experience** | 1. "Silliness" 2. "Art" 3. "Sincerity" 4. "Indulgence" 5. "And Acting Out" | * Christopher Lucas - all sounds |

## Reception

Snippets of the review from "The Offense":

* The Buckthrusters: "lots of synths plus accordion, guitar, bass and drums, and these guys really had a good thing going (gone now)"
* The New Wave Brothers: "a rap, a nap and a pile of crap"
* Color Entertainment: "as dull for me as it was for the live audience assembled"
* Monte Montclaire: "an overweight conceptualist who taped his voice and added echo"
* C. Lucas Experience: "an underweight conceptualist obsessed with going either deaf or blind"

## InfoBox

| Fresh Sounds from Middle America (volume 2) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various Artists | |
| Released | 1981 |
| Recorded | 1981 |
| Genre | Alternative Rock |
| Label | Fresh Sounds (Fresh Tape 102) |
| Producer | Bill Rich |
| Various Artists chronology | |
| *Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 1)*
(1981) ***Fresh Sounds from Middle America (volume 2)***
(1981) *Fresh Sounds from Middle America (vol 3)*
(1986) | |


title: Tim Hofstede

abstract: Tim Hofstede is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Having started his career with NAC Breda, he spent six years with FC Den Bosch. He then moved to Belgium, joining Zwarte Leeuw.

text:
# Tim Hofstede

**Tim Hofstede** (born 6 September 1989) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Having started his career with NAC Breda, he spent six years with FC Den Bosch. He then moved to Belgium, joining Zwarte Leeuw.

## InfoBox

Tim Hofstede
| Hofstede in 2015 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-09-06) 6 September 1989 | | |
| Place of birth | Breda, Netherlands | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre-back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | VV Bavel | | |
|  | NAC Breda | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008–2010 | NAC Breda | 5 | (0) |
| 2010–2016 | FC Den Bosch | 176 | (2) |
| 2016–2017 | Zwarte Leeuw |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Tim Hollis

abstract: Timothy Stancliffe Hollis, CBE, QPM is a retired British police officer who was Chief Constable of Humberside Police and Vice-President of the Association of Chief Police Officers. Before joining the police, he served in the British Army as an officer of the Parachute Regiment.

text:
# Tim Hollis

**Timothy Stancliffe Hollis**, CBE, QPM is a retired British police officer who was Chief Constable of Humberside Police and Vice-President of the Association of Chief Police Officers. Before joining the police, he served in the British Army as an officer of the Parachute Regiment.

## Early life

Born and bred in South Yorkshire. Son of the late Ven. Gerald Hollis (Vicar of Rotherham 1970–74 and Archdeacon of Birmingham 1974–84) and Doreen E. Hollis. Hollis undertook Voluntary Service Overseas in Ghana during his gap year before university. He graduated from the University of Bristol.

## Career

### Military service

Hollis served in the British Army. For three years, while holding a short service commission, he was an officer in the Parachute Regiment. He was commissioned on 6 October 1974 as a second lieutenant. He was given the service number 498544. It was gazetted on 15 April 1975, that his commission had been confirmed and he was given seniority in the rank of second lieutenant from 6 April 1971. He was also promoted to lieutenant back dated to 6 October 1974 with seniority from 6 April 1973.

He was transferred to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers of 6 October 1977, thereby ending his active service. He ceased to belong to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers on 6 October 1982, thereby ending the period where he had been liable for call-up.

### Police career

Hollis joined the Metropolitan Police Service in 1977. Latterly he was Chief Inspector (Operations) at Notting Hill. In 1991, he transferred to Sussex Police (Brighton) on promotion to Superintendent subsequently being promoted Chief Superintendent.

In 1994, he was appointed Assistant Chief Constable Crime and Operations of South Yorkshire Police. His national ACPO responsibilities included Public Order and football. He oversaw the British Policing contingent for World Cup, France 1998 and Euro 2000 in Belgium/Netherlands.

In 2002, he was appointed the Assistant Inspector (Crime and Operations) of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for three years. He was appointed Chief Constable of Humberside Police in April 2005. He retired from the post and the police in April 2013.

Hollis was the ACPO lead for Drugs 2006–2012.

In 2008, he was appointed Vice-President of the Association of Chief Police Officers and had oversight of the Police National Intelligence and Coordination Centre (PNICC). In 2009, he was Acting President of the ACPO until Hugh Orde took up the post in August of that year. Given his PNICC role, Hollis oversaw the national police response to the disorders of Summer 2011 and assisted in co-ordinating the national policing input to the 2012 Olympics.

## Later life

On 31 July 2012, Hollis was appointed Honorary Colonel of the Humberside and South Yorkshire Army Cadet Force in succession to Lord Lingfield. Hollis studied for a Master of Arts degree in Modern History at Sheffield University. He was awarded a Masters with Merit dated 22 October 2014.

## Honours

In the 2000 New Year Honours, Hollis was awarded the Queen's Police Medal (QPM). He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) 'for services to the Police' in the 2010 New Year Honours.


title: May Mayko Ebihara

abstract: May Mayko Ebihara was the first American anthropologist to conduct ethnographic research in Cambodia. At the time of her death from a respiratory illness, she was professor emeritus of Anthropology at Lehman College, City University of New York, and the CUNY Graduate Center.

text:
# May Mayko Ebihara

**May Mayko Ebihara** (May 12, 1934 – April 23, 2005) was the first American anthropologist to conduct ethnographic research in Cambodia. At the time of her death from a respiratory illness, she was professor emeritus of Anthropology at Lehman College, City University of New York, and the CUNY Graduate Center.

## Early life and education

Ebihara was born in Portland, Oregon on May 12, 1934. She and her family were sent with other Japanese Americans to the Minidoka War Relocation Center in Idaho during World War II, following the enforcement of Executive Order 9066.

She earned her bachelor's degree from Reed College in 1955 and a PhD in 1968 from Columbia University, where she studied with Conrad Arensberg, Margaret Mead, and Morton Fried. Ebihara conducted her doctoral research in Svay Village in Kandal Province from 1959 to 1960 resulting in a two volume published dissertation titled “Svay, a Khmer Village in Cambodia.” Her dissertation provided detailed information about peasant village life in Svay, with particular attention to social structure, kinship, agriculture, religion, and political organization in Cambodia before the Cambodia-Vietnamese war and the genocide by Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge. Her research is among the only sources to document life in Cambodia before the war.

## Career

While studying as a doctoral student, Ebihara taught at Bard College from 1961 to 1964, briefly at Mt. Holyoke, and thereafter at Lehman College. Ebihara returned to Cambodia several times between 1989 and 1996 to continue her research and reconnect with the people of Svay, after the withdrawal of Vietnamese forces in 1989.

Her archive is held at Northern Illinois University.

## Personal life

When Ebihara returned to Cambodia in 1989 she found that half of the people of Svay had been killed during the war, including her adopted parents and grandparents.

Dr Ebihara was survived by her husband, Marvin Gelfand, and her sons, Adam and Jeremy.

## Published works

* Ebihara, May Mayko (1968). *Svay, A Khmer Village In Cambodia* (Thesis). OCLC 605983117. NAID 10026741083 ProQuest 302337139.
* Ebihara, May Mayko (2018). Mertha, Andrew C. (ed.). *Svay: A Khmer Village in Cambodia*. Cornell University Press. doi:10.7591/9781501714801. ISBN 978-1-5017-1480-1. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1w0ddbg. S2CID 239261434. Project MUSE book 57366.


title: Tiger, Arizona

abstract: Tiger is a former populated place in Pinal County in the U.S. state of Arizona. The town was settled as Schultz circa 1881 in what was then the Arizona Territory, then later reestablished as Tiger after World War I.

text:
# Tiger, Arizona

**Tiger** is a former populated place in Pinal County in the U.S. state of Arizona. The town was settled as **Schultz** *circa* 1881 in what was then the Arizona Territory, then later reestablished as Tiger after World War I.

## History

The area that was to become Tiger was first settled in 1881 after Frank Schultz located gold ore in what was to become the Mammoth Mine. The camp that settled around the mine took the name Schultz, and a post office was established under that name on July 12, 1894.

Since water, needed for refinement of ore, was not present near the mine, a mill was established 4 miles (6.4 km) away on the west bank of the San Pedro River, in a town that came to be known as Mammoth, after the mine and the mill. The ore was hauled to the mill by way of mule teams, until just after the start of the 20th century when an aerial tram was completed between the Mammoth Mine and the Mammoth Mill. As the tram's construction neared completion, and the need for the town waned, the Schultz post office was closed on May 1, 1902.

The mines reopened in 1915 due to World War I's increased demand for the molybdenum and vanadium found in the area. When the war was over, the prices fell, and the mines closed again in 1919. Shortly thereafter, the Mammoth Mine property was purchased by Sam Houghton, who renamed both the mine and the town after his college mascot, the Princeton Tiger. When the price of gold increased in 1933, the town again grew in prosperity, and the new Tiger post office opened on March 1, 1939. It was as Tiger that the town reached its peak in the early 1950s. Soon after, the local mines, as well as the town of Tiger, had run their course, and the post office was discontinued on November 26, 1954.

## Remnants

After the San Manuel Copper Company acquired the land, they demolished all remaining structures in order to mine the silica on site for its gold content and as flux material for the San Manuel Smelter. However, the material contained too much lead, and the plan proved fruitless. As such, nothing is left of the town of Tiger today, but the filled-in shaft of the Mammoth mine in the middle of town.

## Mining

The Tiger or Mammoth mine is a famous mineral locality, especially for matlockite and wulfenite. In addition, the mineral yedlinite is a hydrated oxychloride of lead and chromium found only at Tiger, and first noted on preexisting specimens in 1967.

The various mines at Mammoth and Tiger had combined recorded production of around:

* 400,000 oz gold
* 1,000,000 oz silver
* 3.5 million lbs copper
* 75 million lbs lead
* 50 million lbs zinc
* 6 million lbs of molybdenum
* 2.5 million lbs of vanadium

At 1991 prices, this would be worth about $300 million.

## Geography

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 500 |  |  |
| 1950 | 783 |  | 56.6% |
| 1960 | 0 |  | −100.0% |
| Source: | | | |

The site is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the town of Mammoth at 32°42′28″N 110°40′56″W / 32.70778°N 110.68222°W / 32.70778; -110.68222 (32.7078463, -110.6823227), at an elevation of 3,081 feet (939 m). The Mammoth Mine (later the Tiger Mine) is located at 32°42′23″N 110°41′05″W / 32.70639°N 110.68472°W / 32.70639; -110.68472.

## Demographics

US Census data places the population of the town at 500 in 1940 after its re-founding as Tiger, and 783 in 1950. It was after this final census that the town is said to have reached its peak population of approximately 1,800 residents, before heading into permanent decline and abandonment.

## Further reading

* Howell, K.K., 1991, A History of the Mines at Tiger, *History of Mining in Arizona* v. 2. Full text:

## InfoBox

| Tiger, Arizona | |
| --- | --- |
| A former populated place | |
| TigerLocation in the state of Arizona | |
| Coordinates: 32°42′28″N 110°40′56″W / 32.70778°N 110.68222°W / 32.70778; -110.68222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arizona |
| County | Pinal |
| Founded | 1881 |
| Abandoned | 1954 |
| Named for | Princeton Tigers |
| Elevation | 3,081 ft (939 m) |
| Population (2009) | |
| Total | 0 |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (MST (no DST)) |
| \- Opened | July 12, 1894 |
| \- Closed | May 1, 1902 |
| \- Opened | March 15, 1939 |
| \- Closed | November 26, 1954 |


title: Freeborn Garretson Hibbard

abstract: Reverend Freeborn Garrettson Hibbard was an American Methodist minister, theologian, and author.

text:
# Freeborn Garretson Hibbard

**Reverend Freeborn Garrettson Hibbard** (February 22, 1811 - January 27, 1895) was an American Methodist minister, theologian, and author.

## Life

His father, Reverend Billy Hibbard, was a well-known clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Freeborn entered the ministry of the same church in the New York conference at the age of eighteen, before he had completed his college course, and continued in this work chiefly in western New York from 1830 till 1856, when he was elected editor of the "Northern Christian Advocate", printed in Auburn, New York. In 1860, he resumed the pastorate and became presiding elder of the Geneva district.

His wife, Maria Hyde Hibbard, served as President of the New York State Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Hibbard died on January 27, 1895, in Clifton Springs, New York.

## Works

Dr. Hibbard's principal works are as follows:

* *"Christian Baptism, its Subjects, and its Import, mode, Efficacy, and Relative Order"* (New York, 1845).
* *" Palestine: its geography and Bible history"* (1851).
* *"The Psalms, chronologically Arranged, with Historical Introductions, and a General Introduction to the Whole Book"* (1856).
* *"The Religion of Childhood, or Children in their Relation to Native Depravity, to the Atonement, to the Family, and to the Church"* (1864).
* *"Eschatology; or, The doctrine of the last things, according to the chronology and symbolism of the Apocalypse"* (1890).

He also edited the *"Sermons"* (1869) and *"Works"* (1872), and published a *"Biography of Bishop Leonidas L. Hamline"* (1880). The *"Commentary on the Psalm"* (1882) in the Whedon series of *"Commentaries on the Old Testament"* was written by him. He also published a *"History of the late East Genesee conference"* (1887).


title: MFV Elinor Viking

abstract: MFV Elinor Viking was an Aberdeen trawler that operated between 1974 and 9 December 1977 when it wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland. The eight crewmembers were rescued by a volunteer helicopter crew from Sumburgh Airport.

text:
# MFV Elinor Viking

**MFV *Elinor Viking*** was an Aberdeen trawler that operated between 1974 and 9 December 1977 when it wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland. The eight crewmembers were rescued by a volunteer helicopter crew from Sumburgh Airport.

## Description

*Elinor Viking* was built by Lewis John & Sons Ltd., of Aberdeen, and was completed in 1974. The steel vessel was built to a length of 23.5 metres (77 ft), a beam of 6.7 metres (22 ft) and a depth of 3.4 metres (11 ft). The gross tonnage was 122 GRT. The vessel was fitted with a 6-cylinder Mirrlees Blackstone diesel engine (single shaft, 1 screw), capable of a speed of 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). The ship was owned by Brown H. N. & Son, also of Aberdeen.

## Wrecking

On 9 December 1977 *Elinor Viking* was wrecked on the east side of Reaverack, Ve Skerries, Shetland due to extreme weather conditions. The Aith Lifeboat was sent to the scene, however due to the wreck's position it was not able to get close enough to the vessel to transfer to the crew to safety. Both of the ship's liferafts had been swept away by the sea, and the ship had been breached and lay half-filled with water. An appeal was made to Sumburgh Airport where British Airways had helicopters stationed, and a volunteer crew was assembled, including Captain George Bain as the chief pilot, and Major Alasdair Campbell as a winchman and Petty Officer Brian Johnstone as winch operator.

They reached the scene within about an hour and, with the aid of another helicopter and an RAF Nimrod trying to provide light in the dark conditions, they proceeded with the rescue attempt in horrendous weather. The light coming from dropped flares from the Nimrod was deemed impossible to time correctly with the winch lowering, such that their only effective source of light was the helicopter's landing lights. *Elinor Viking* had developed considerable list as it began to sink. Campbell, upon his first attempt being lowered down to the ship, was unexpectedly swayed and his cable became caught in the mast of the ship. The risk of losing the helicopter meant that the winch operator Johnstone nearly had to take the decision to sever the cable to Campbell, however he was able to be retrieved back into the helicopter and immediately offered to be lowered again. Using a rock which was repeatedly out of view with the swell as the best reference, Bain was able to keep the aircraft steady to continue the rescue. Through the following hour and twenty minutes, lowering approximately twelve times, Johnstone was able to hoist up Campbell and the crew. The last to leave the ship was the skipper, who (either through hypothermia or shock) could not let go of the ship's railing, requiring Campbell to hit him to continue the rescue.

Despite the crew of the helicopter not being trained for rescue work, all 8 of *Elinor Viking's* crew were successfully winched to safety. Both Bain and Campbell and Johnstone received Queen's Gallantry Medals for "outstanding bravery, skill and determination in conditions of extreme weather and darkness operating in a situation far beyond that normally expected of a helicopter on rescue service."

## Sources

* "Award to "Elinor Viking" heroes - Department of Trade Rescue Shield for 1977" (PDF). *Reardon Smith Line Limited Newsletters*. No. 99. April 1978. p. 3. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
* "Elinor Viking: Reverack, Ve Skerries, Atlantic". *Canmore*. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
* "Honours and Awards". *The London Gazette*. No. 47582. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 4 July 1978. pp. 8045–8046. ISBN 0-11-657582-4. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
* "Major Alasdair Campbell". *The Telegraph*. 2 December 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
* "MFV Elinor Viking (A279) \[+1977\]". *Wrecksite*. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name | *Elinor Viking* |
| Owner | Brown H. N. & Son, Aberdeen |
| Port of registry | United Kingdom (Aberdeen) |
| Builder | Lewis John & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen |
| Yard number | 388 |
| Completed | 1974 |
| In service | 1974-1977 |
| Identification |  |
| Fate | Wrecked on Ve Skerries, Shetland 9 December 1977 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Trawler |
| Tonnage | 122 GRT |
| Length | 23.5 metres (77 ft) |
| Beam | 6.7 metres (22 ft) |
| Depth | 3.4 metres (11 ft) |
| Propulsion | 1 × 6-cylinder Mirrlees Blackstone diesel engine, single shaft, 1 screw |
| Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
| Crew | 8 |


title: Fathers and Sons (1986 TV series)

abstract: Fathers and Sons is an American sitcom television series created by Nick Arnold and Michael Zinberg, that aired on NBC from April 6 until May 4, 1986.

text:
# Fathers and Sons (1986 TV series)

***Fathers and Sons*** is an American sitcom television series created by Nick Arnold and Michael Zinberg, that aired on NBC from April 6 until May 4, 1986.

## Premise

Merlin Olsen played a father who was also a baseball coach for his sons.

## Cast

* Merlin Olsen as Buddy Landau
* Jason Late as Lanny Landau
* Kelly Sanders as Ellen Landau
* Andre Gower as Sean Flynn
* Ina Fried as Matty Bolen
* Nicholas Guest as Dr. Richard Bolen
* Hakeem Abdul-Samad (billed mononymously as "Hakeem") as Brandon Russo

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Ironman" | Michael Zinberg | Nick Arnold | April 6, 1986 (1986-04-06) |
| Buddy asks for help from a professional wrestler in order to encourage a handicapped student to join the wrestling team. | | | | | |
| 2 | "We'll Always Have the Mall" | Will Mackenzie | Nick Arnold | April 13, 1986 (1986-04-13) |
| Lanny has a date with the girl of his dreams on the same day he plans to attend a basketball game with his dad. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Desperately Seeking Einstein" | Robert McCullough | Michael Zinberg, Randall Zisk | April 27, 1986 (1986-04-27) |
| Sean's father is of no help with the project for the father-son science fair. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Which Championship Season?" | Peter Baldwin | Nick Arnold | May 4, 1986 (1986-05-04) |
| Buddy's old friends doesn't agree with his tactics for turning his sons basketball team into a winning team. | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Fathers and Sons* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Created by | Nick Arnold
Michael Zinberg |
| Starring | Merlin Olsen
Nicholas Guest |
| Composer | Patrick Williams |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 4 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production company | 20th Century Fox Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | April 6 (1986-04-06)
May 4, 1986 (1986-05-04) |


title: Ignatius P. Lobo

abstract: Ignatius P. Lobo was an Indian prelate of the Catholic Church. As of 2009, he was one of oldest Roman Catholic Bishops from India. Lobo was born in Siolim, India and ordained priest 21 December 1947. He was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Belgaum on 26 September 1967 and retired from same diocese on 1 December 1994.

text:
# Ignatius P. Lobo

**Ignatius P. Lobo** (27 April 1919 – 17 February 2010) was an Indian prelate of the Catholic Church. As of 2009, he was one of oldest Roman Catholic Bishops from India.

Lobo was born in Siolim, India and ordained priest 21 December 1947. He was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Belgaum on 26 September 1967 and retired from same diocese on 1 December 1994.

## InfoBox

| Ignatius P. Lobo | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Diocese of Belgaum (Emeritus) | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| See | Diocese of Belgaum |
| In office | 1967–1994 |
| Predecessor | Fortunato da Veiga Coutinho |
| Successor | Bernard Blasius Moras |
| Previous post(s) | Priest |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 21 December 1947 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1919-04-27)27 April 1919<br>Siolim, British India |
| Died | 17 February 2010(2010-02-17) (aged 90) |


title: Tom Fitzsimmons (actor)

abstract: Tom Fitzsimmons is an American television actor. He is known for playing Franklin Ford III in the American drama television series The Paper Chase.

text:
# Tom Fitzsimmons (actor)

**Tom Fitzsimmons** (born October 28, 1947) is an American television actor. He is known for playing Franklin Ford III in the American drama television series *The Paper Chase*.

## Life and career

Fitzsimmons was born in San Francisco, California. He attended Fairfield College Preparatory School. He then attended at Yale University, where he earned his Master of Fine Arts degree. After earning his degree, Fitzsimmons made his theatre debut in the Broadway play *Scapino*. He began his television career in 1974, where he first appeared in the soap opera television series *Love of Life*, where Fitzsimmons played Price Madden. Fitzsimmons guest-starred in television programs including *The Bob Newhart Show*, *One Day at a Time*, *Baa Baa Black Sheep*, *Dallas*, *The Facts of Life*, *Murder, She Wrote* and *All in the Family*.

In 1978, Fitzsimmons joined the cast of the new CBS drama television series *The Paper Chase*, where he played Franklin Ford III. In 1980, he had an audition having his hair curled, in which according to The Republic he was a model. He played Dr. Meeker in *All My Children*. His last television credit was from the legal drama and police procedural television series *Law & Order*. But he did continue to act on stage into the late 1990s, such as in the 1999 play "Bedroom Farce" with his real-life partner Tim Donoghue.

## Personal life

He is openly gay, and he lives with his partner, actor Tim Donoghue, in Roxbury, Connecticut.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1976 | *Swashbuckler* | Corporal | Action adventure film |
| 1984 | *Zombie Island Massacre* | Ed | Horror film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1974 | *Love of Life* | Price Madden |  |
| | *F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles'* | Don Cameron | television film |
| | *Great Performances* | Fred Stevens | Episode: "June Moon" |
| 1975 | *First Ladies Diaries: Martha Washington* | Jackey | television film |
| | *The Bob Newhart Show* | Webb Franklyn | Episode: "What's It All About, Albert?" |
| 1977 | *All in the Family* | Frank | Episode: "Mike Goes Skiing" |
| | *On Day at a Time* | Dr. Ronnie Blanchard | Episode: "Julie's Operation" |
| | *Black Sheep Squadron* | 2nd Lieutenant | Episode: "The 200 Pound Gorilla" |
| 1981 | *The Facts of Life* | Alex Garrett | Episode: "Free Spirit" |
| | *Dream House* | Arthur | television film |
| 1986 | *Dallas* | Doctor | Episode: "Blame It on Bogota" |
| 1978-1986 | *The Paper Chase* | Franklin Ford III | 58 episodes |
| 1987 | *Murder, She Wrote* | Lewis Framm | Episode: "Trouble in Eden" |
| 1995 | *All My Children* | Dr. Meeker |  |
| 2000 | *Law & Order* | Phil Amurski | Episode: "Mega" |

## InfoBox

| Tom Fitzsimmons | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-10-28) October 28, 1947
San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Fairfield College Preparatory School
Yale University (MFA) |
| Occupation | Television actor |
| Years active | 1974–2000 |
| Known for | *The Paper Chase* |
| Partner | Tim Donoghue |


title: Franklin Glacier Complex

abstract: The Franklin Glacier Complex is a deeply eroded volcano in the Waddington Range of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located about 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Kingcome, this sketchily known complex resides at Franklin Glacier near Mount Waddington. It is over 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in elevation and because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the complex is covered by glacial ice. Magmatic activity of the Franklin Glacier Complex spanned roughly four million years from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, with the most recently identified volcanic eruption having taken place around 2.2 million years ago. The existence of thermal springs near the complex implies that magmatic heat is still present. It has therefore been of interest to geothermal exploration.

text:
# Franklin Glacier Complex

The **Franklin Glacier Complex** is a deeply eroded volcano in the Waddington Range of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located about 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Kingcome, this sketchily known complex resides at Franklin Glacier near Mount Waddington. It is over 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in elevation and because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the complex is covered by glacial ice.

Magmatic activity of the Franklin Glacier Complex spanned roughly four million years from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, with the most recently identified volcanic eruption having taken place around 2.2 million years ago. The existence of thermal springs near the complex implies that magmatic heat is still present. It has therefore been of interest to geothermal exploration.

## Geography

The area lies in one of British Columbia's many territorial divisions called the Range 2 Coast Land District. Local relief exceeds 2,000 m (6,600 ft) with the 18 km (11 mi) long valley-filling Franklin Glacier originating from an icefield below the west face of Mount Waddington. It is part of the Waddington Range, a subrange of the Pacific Ranges which in turn are a subdivision of the Coast Mountains.

The Franklin Glacier Complex was covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet until its retreat about 13,000 years ago. Franklin Glacier has since undergone glacial retreat and expansion throughout the Holocene. It appears to have retreated significantly during the early Holocene warm period, followed by advancements 6,300, 5,400, 4,600, 4,100, 3,100, 2,400, 1,500, 800 and 600 years ago. The timing of expansions corresponded with cool summer temperatures, generally moist conditions and increased precipitation.

## Geology

Minimal geologic studies have been conducted at the Franklin Glacier Complex and its geology is therefore poorly known. It measures 6 km (3.7 mi) wide and 20 km (12 mi) long, covering a northwesterly elliptical area of 130 km2 (50 sq mi). Volcanic rocks of the Franklin Glacier Complex consist predominantly of dacite breccia, minor dacite flows and a few hornblende andesite remnants. An absence of pumice, glassy blocks or bombs in the breccia suggests that it may be of epiclastic origin, possibly formed during collapse and infilling of a caldera. The complex has therefore been described as a caldera or a cauldron subsidence. Heavy erosion of the volcanic rocks has exposed a series of biotite-quartz-porphyry, biotite quartz-feldspar-porphyry and quartz monzonite subvolcanic plutons and dike swarms. They intrude through fractured and hydrothermally altered Mesozoic to early Tertiary granitic and metamorphic rocks of the Coast Plutonic Complex.

The complex lies on the overlapping trend of the Garibaldi and Pemberton volcanic belts, which were formed as a result of subduction zone magmatism along the Cascade Volcanic Arc in the last 29 million years. Two separate stages of magmatic activity have been identified at the Franklin Glacier Complex. The first magmatic stage about 6.8 million years ago involved the central emplacement of an elongated quartz monzonite stock. At least five porphyry and transitional vein-type mineral occurrences were deposited during this period. A series of smaller intrusions were emplaced during the second magmatic stage 2.2 to 3.9 million years ago, at least some of which appear to have been feeders for the overlying volcanic pile. The Franklin Glacier Complex is substantially older than the neighbouring Silverthrone Caldera to the northwest.

Immediately west of the Franklin Glacier Complex are a series of hot springs confined in valleys. At Canyon Lake, a hot spring feeds a small stream that flows into the southeastern end of that lake. A single temperature of 58 °C (136 °F) has been obtained from this spring while the Hoodoo Creek and Pinter spring temperatures remain unknown. The existence of these hot springs has made the Franklin Glacier Complex a target for geothermal exploration but little work has been conducted due to its remote location. The only performed exploration has been moderate geologic mapping. A 50 megawatt binary plant has been proposed at Canyon Lake.

## History

Mineral exploration at the Franklin Glacier Complex has occurred sporadically since at least the 1960s. The earliest recorded work was done by Kennco Exploration Limited with the staking of claims in a zone of copper-molybdenum mineralization associated with the quartz monzonite stock. This was followed by geological mapping, silt and soil geochemical sampling and 192 m (630 ft) of diamond drilling in seven short boreholes. Kennco conducted no further work which led to the eventual lapse of their mineral claims in 1976. The area was restaked later that year by United Mineral Services Limited who would conduct reconnaissance mapping and regional research. In 1987–1988, United Pacific Gold Limited performed trenching, mapping, geophysics, geochemical sampling and 785 m (2,575 ft) of diamond drilling in nine boreholes. Mineral claims were staked once again in 1996 by F. Onucki and J. R. Deighton for the purpose of locating reported high-grade silver mineralization.

Franklin Glacier was skied by Canadian mountaineers Don and Phyllis Munday on July 22, 1930 while exploring and mapping glaciers of the Waddington Range. Don Munday named the glacier in 1927 for its association with the Franklin River which in turn was named after a Benjamin Franklin at Tatla Lake.

51°20′N 125°24′W / 51.333°N 125.400°W / 51.333; -125.400

## InfoBox

| Franklin Glacier Complex | |
| --- | --- |
| Satellite image of the Franklin Glacier Complex | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,000+ m (6,600+ ft) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 20 km (12 mi) |
| Width | 6 km (3.7 mi) |
| Area | 130 km2 (50 sq mi) |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| District | Range 2 Coast Land District |
| Parent range | Waddington Range |
| Topo map | NTS 92N6 Mount Waddington |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Miocene-to-Pleistocene |
| Mountain type | Eroded volcano |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Canadian Cascade ArcPemberton/Garibaldi Belt |


title: Virginia Fraser

abstract: Virginia H. Fraser was an American activist for human rights, women's rights, and elder rights. She was the Long-Term Care Ombudsman for the state of Colorado for more than two decades. She co-wrote several works on nursing home care and eldercare. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2002.

text:
# Virginia Fraser

**Virginia H. Fraser** (September 30, 1928 – November 18, 2011) was an American activist for human rights, women's rights, and elder rights. She was the Long-Term Care Ombudsman for the state of Colorado for more than two decades. She co-wrote several works on nursing home care and eldercare. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2002.

## Early life and education

Virginia Hart was born in Cleveland, Ohio on September 30, 1928. She was a graduate of Hiram College, where she met her husband, Charles H. Fraser. They married in June 1951. The couple moved to Colorado in 1957, where she earned her master's degree in speech communication at the University of Denver.

## Career

In the early 1950s she assisted the American Friends Service Committee with the integration of playgrounds in Washington, D. C. She later worked for the League of Women Voters on issues such as fair housing, civil rights, alternative education, and the environment. She was a frequent participant in protest marches and wrote many letters to the editor to promote her causes.

In 1977 Fraser was inspired to begin advocating for elder rights. She was teaching in a program for "older, non-traditional students" at Loretto Heights College in Denver. To help students fulfill a course requirement to perform a community service project, she contacted a local nursing home and supervised student activities there. A newspaper article about the project garnered more than 100 requests for assistance, and she contacted the Colorado Congress of Seniors. That organization had just received a $20,000 Federal grant to fund a State Long-Term Care Ombudsman, and they offered Fraser the position. She began working in 1980.

Fraser grew the office from a one-woman operation to a staff of 40 salaried and 100 volunteer ombudsmen, soliciting funds from both public and private sectors. The ombudsmen advocated for residents of nursing homes and assisted living facilities across the state. They collected complaints from residents and advocated for them to management, but had no legal power to penalize transgressions. They also prepared an annual report for the Colorado legislature. In the early 2000s, the Colorado State Long-Term Care Ombudsman's office was cited by the United States Department of Health and Human Services as one of the "finest" in the country.

As part of her visits to nursing homes, Fraser encouraged residents to form their own councils to lobby for their rights. She also created a "residents' rights Bingo game" that teaches residents and staff about their rights in a fun way. More than 7,000 copies of the game were purchased by nursing homes across the United States. Fraser later suggested a project to stitch a "residents' rights quilt" at one of the largest nursing homes in the state.

In May 2001 Fraser and Jan Meyers, then co-directors of the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman's office, resigned in protest at an attempt by the Colorado Department of Human Services to curb their independence. While Federal law for state ombudsmen defined the ombudsmen's role as "recommend\[ing\] changes and facilitat\[ing\] public comment on Federal, state, and local laws, rules and policies", the state department demanded that the ombudsmen obtain permission from it before speaking with legislators or with the media about problems in long-term care facilities.

## Affiliations and memberships

Fraser was a founding member of The Network for Special Elders, the predecessor for the local branch of the Alzheimer's Association.

On the local front, she was a founding member of the Littleton Council on Human Relations and the Metro Denver Fair Housing Center. She was also a member of the Arapahoe Community College Board, the Littleton Planning Commission, and the Littleton Museum Board. She volunteered to record oral histories of numerous long-time Littleton residents for the Museum. She was also a member of the Marias, an informal group of local women activists who met monthly to talk about state, local, and personal issues.

## Awards and honors

Fraser received many national awards for her efforts to promote nursing-home rights. In 2000 she was a recipient of the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Humanitarian Award. She received the *Littleton Independent*'s Most Valuable Citizen Award, and was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2002.

## Personal life

She and her husband Charles H. Fraser, a pediatrician, had four daughters. The family enjoyed hiking, horseback riding, and bicycling.

Fraser suffered from Parkinson's disease in her later years. She died of a stroke on November 18, 2011, aged 83.

## Bibliography

* *Understanding 'Senility': A Layperson's Guide*. Prometheus Books. 1987. ISBN 0879753927. (with Susan M. Thornton)
* *The New Elders: Innovative programs by, for and about the elderly*. Loretto Heights College. 1987. (with Susan M. Thornton)
* *Nursing Homes: Getting Good Care There*. American Source Books. (with Sarah Greene Burger, Sara Hunt, and Barbara Frank)

## InfoBox

| Virginia Fraser | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Virginia Hart
(1928-09-30)September 30, 1928
Cleveland, Ohio, US |
| Died | November 18, 2011(2011-11-18) (aged 83)
Colorado |
| Education | B.A., Hiram College
M.A., speech communication, University of Denver |
| Occupation | State Long-Term Care Ombudsman |
| Years active | 1980–2001 |
| Awards | Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, 2002 |


title: ONE Friday Fights 4

abstract: ONE Friday Fights 4: Duangsompong vs. Batman was a combat sports event produced by ONE Championship that took place on February 10, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

text:
# ONE Friday Fights 4

***ONE Friday Fights 4: Duangsompong vs. Batman*** (also known as ***ONE Lumpinee 4***) was a combat sports event produced by ONE Championship that took place on February 10, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

## Background

A flyweight muay thai bout between Batman Or.Atchariya and Duangsompong Jitmuangnon served as the event headliner.

## Results

| Main card (YouTube / Facebook) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Duangsompong Jitmuangnon | def. | Batman Or.Atchariya | Decision (majority) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Petchmuangsri Tded99 | def. | Mongkolkaew Sor.Sommai | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Catchweight (148 lbs) Muay Thai | Erdem Taha Dincer | def. | Alessandro Sara | KO (punches) | 1 | 2:05 |  |
| Catchweight (112 lbs) Muay Thai | Francisca Vera | def. | Gusjung Fairtex | TKO (knee) | 2 | 1:43 |  |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Chaongoh Jitmuangnon | def. | An Bunhour | TKO (punches) | 1 | 1:07 |  |
| Preliminary card (FanDuel TV) | | | | | | | |
| Bantamweight Muay Thai | Fabio Reis | def. | Ferrari Fairtex | KO (punch) | 2 | 2:30 |  |
| Bantamweight | Bruno Azevedo | def. | Talekh Gamidov | Technical Submission (arm-triangle choke) | 2 | 2:02 |  |
| Bantamweight Kickboxing | Fariyar Aminipour | def. | Hiroki Suzuki | Decision (split) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Flyweight | Peter Danesoe | def. | Aqib Awan | TKO (knees) | 1 | 4:33 |  |
| Catchweight (128 lbs) Muay Thai | Malena Garcia | def. | Judy Humber | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $10,000 bonuses.

* **Performance of the Night: Erdem Taha Dincer, Francisca Vera, Chaongoh Jitmuangnon** and **Fabio Reis**

1. "ONE ลุมพินี : ดวงสมพงษ์ จิตรเมืองนนท์ พร้อมเดินแลก แบทแมน อ.อัจฉริยะ คู่เอก ศึก ONE ลุมพินี 4". ch7.com. 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2023-02-06. (in Thai)
2. "ONE Friday Fights 4 Lineup confirmed, 10 fights set to light up Lumpinee Stadium". *Essentially Sports*. 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
3. Rob Cox (2023-02-06). "Full fight card released for ONE Friday Fights 4". *Asian MMA*. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
4. Poonthavee Suwathikul (2023-02-05). "I would like to pick bat wings for "Duangsompong Jitmuangnon" and walk in exchange for "Batman Or.Atchariya" at ONE Lumpinee 4". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. Retrieved 2023-02-06. (in Thai)
5. "ONE Friday Fights 4". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
6. "ONE Friday Fights 4 Recap: Reis knocks out Ferrari, Duangsompong outstrikes Batman". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.

## InfoBox

| ONE Friday Fights 4: Duangsompong vs. Batman | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | ONE Championship |
| Date | February 10, 2023 (2023-February-10) |
| Venue | Lumpinee Boxing Stadium |
| City | Bangkok, Thailand |
| Event chronology | |
| ONE Friday Fights 3: Chorfah vs. Phetsukumvit ONE Friday Fights 4: Duangsompong vs. Batman ONE Friday Fights 5: Kongklai vs. Superball | |


title: Midlands 4 West (South)

abstract: Midlands 4 West (South) is a level 9 English Rugby Union league and level 4 of the Midlands League, made up of teams from the southern part of the West Midlands region including clubs from parts of Birmingham and the West Midlands, Herefordshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and even on occasion Oxfordshire, with home and away matches played throughout the season. Each year some of the clubs in this division also take part in the RFU Junior Vase - a level 9-12 national competition. Formed for the 2006-07 season, the division was originally known as Midlands 5 West (South) but changed to its present name for the 2008-09 season due to league restructuring. Promoted teams tend to move up to Midlands 3 West (South) while relegated teams drop to Midlands 5 West (South).

text:
# Midlands 4 West (South)

**Midlands 4 West (South)** is a level 9 English Rugby Union league and level 4 of the Midlands League, made up of teams from the southern part of the West Midlands region including clubs from parts of Birmingham and the West Midlands, Herefordshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and even on occasion Oxfordshire, with home and away matches played throughout the season. Each year some of the clubs in this division also take part in the RFU Junior Vase \- a level 9-12 national competition.

Formed for the 2006-07 season, the division was originally known as Midlands 5 West (South) but changed to its present name for the 2008-09 season due to league restructuring. Promoted teams tend to move up to Midlands 3 West (South) while relegated teams drop to Midlands 5 West (South).

## 2021-22

### Participating teams & locations

Birmingham Civil Service, who finished 10th in 2019-20, did not return for the current season.

## 2020–21

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020–21 season was cancelled.

## 2019–20

### Participating teams & locations

## 2018–19

### Participating teams & locations

## 2017–18

### Participating teams & locations

## Teams 2016-17

## Teams 2015-16

## Teams 2014-15

## Teams 2013-14

## Teams 2012–13

* Alcester
* Atherstone
* Birmingham C.S.
* Claverdon
* Coventrians
* Coventry Welsh
* Harbury
* Keresley
* Manor Park
* Old Yardleians
* Warwickian

## Teams 2008–09

* Copsewood
* Coventrians
* Coventry Welsh
* Dudley Wasps
* Evesham
* Harbury
* Keresley
* Manor Park
* Pinley
* Redditch
* Stoke Old Boys
* Worcester Students

Worcester Students withdrew from the league after failing to field 15 players regularly.

## Original teams

When this division was introduced in 2006 as Midlands 5 West (South), it contained the following teams:

## Midlands 4 West (South) Honours

### Midlands 5 West (South) (2006–2009)

League restructuring ahead of the 2006–07 season saw the introduction of Midlands 5 West (South) at tier 9 to replace the discontinued North Midlands 1 and Warwickshire 1 leagues. Promotion was to Midlands 4 West (South) and relegation to Midlands 6 West (South-East) or Midlands 6 West (South-West).

| **Midlands 5 West (South)** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | No of teams | Champions | Runners–up | Relegated teams | Reference |
| 2006–07 | 10 | **Woodrush** | Southam | Coventry Technical, Bredon Star, Stoke Old Boys |  |
| 2007–08 | 10 | **Rugby St Andrews** | Upton-on-Severn | Tenbury, Alcester |  |
| 2008–09 | 10 | **Redditch** | Harbury | Copsewood, Coventrians |  |
| Green backgrounds are promotion places. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Midlands 4 West (South) (2009–present)

Further league restructuring by the RFU meant that Midlands 5 West (North) and Midlands 5 West (South) were renamed as Midlands 4 West (North) and Midlands 4 West (South), with both leagues remaining at tier 9. Promotion was now to Midlands 3 West (South) (formerly Midlands 4 West (South)) and relegation to Midlands 5 West (South) (formerly two regional divisions known as Midlands 6 West (South-East) and Midlands 6 West (South-West)).

| **Midlands 4 West (South)** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | No of teams | Champions | Runners–up | Relegated teams | Reference |
| 2009–10 | 10 | **Evesham** | Coventry Welsh | Dudley Wasps |  |
| 2010–11 | 11 | **Pinley** | Keresley | Stoke Old Boys, Trinity Guild |  |
| 2011–12 | 11 | **Old Wheatleyans** | Ledbury | Rugby Welsh, Birmingham Exiles |  |
| 2012–13 | 11 | **Old Yardleians** | Manor Park | Keresley, Warwickian |  |
| 2013–14 | 10 | **Woodrush** | Harbury | Alcester |  |
| 2014–15 | 10 | **Rugby Lions** | Evesham | Five Ways Old Edwardians |  |
| 2015–16 | 10 | **Manor Park** | Upton-on-Severn | Birmingham Civil Service |  |
| 2016–17 | 11 | **Bromyard** | Alcester | Kings Norton, Keresley |  |
| 2017–18 | 11 | **Stoke Old Boys** | Coventry Welsh | Tenbury, Birmingham Civil Service |  |
| 2018–19 | 11 | **Burbage** | Bedworth | Redditch, Greyhound |  |
| 2019–20 | 11 | **Tenbury** | Bromyard | Kings Norton |  |
| 2020–21 | 11 |  |  |  |
| Green backgrounds are promotion places. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Number of league titles

1. "2006-2007 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
2. "2007-2008 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
3. "2008-2009 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
4. "Division 1". Pitchero. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
5. "2009-2010 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
6. "2010-2011 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
7. "2011-2012 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
8. "2012-2013 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
9. "2013-2014 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
10. "2014-2015 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
11. "2015-2016 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
12. "2016-2017 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
13. "2017-2018 Midlands Division". England Rugby. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
14. "2018-19 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
15. "Men's Midlands Level 8 and below leagues 2019–20" (PDF). *England Rugby*. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
* English RFU (2008). "Rugby First". RFU. Archived from the original on 28 April 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
* Rugby First: To view previous seasons in the league, search for any club within that league then click on to club details followed by fixtures and then select the appropriate season.

## InfoBox

Midlands 4 West (South)
| **Current season or competition:**
***2019–20 Midlands 4 West (South)*** | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Rugby union |
| Instituted | 2006 (2006) (as Midlands 5 West (South)) |
| Number of teams | 11 |
| Country | England |
| Holders | Tenbury (1st title)  (2019–20)
(promoted to Midlands 3 West (South)) |
| Most titles | Woodrush (2 titles) |
| Website | England RFU |


title: Mickey pylon

abstract: The Mickey pylon is a 105-foot-tall (32 m) double-deadend pole-type 230-kV power line pylon in front of Osceola Substation, which is used by The Walt Disney Company division Reedy Creek Energy Services for the power supply of Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, and which was completed on February 15, 1996. The pylon is in the form of a stylized Mickey Mouse head. It consists of a 70-foot-high (21 m) pole carrying a circular steel tube ring 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter, at which two smaller elliptical rings with minor axis lengths of 18 ft (5.5 m) and major axis lengths of 20 ft (6.1 m). The head weighs 30,000 lb (14,000 kg). It is located along Interstate 4 on the north side of the highway, at the junction with World Drive and the Central Florida GreeneWay. As the rings were not transportable on public roads, they were designed for an assembly at the construction site. Each ring is constructed from 12-by-20-inch galvanized steel tubing. The support pole was fabricated by North American Pole Corp. (NAPCO), Dallas, Texas, United States, while the rings were bent by Bend-Tec of Duluth, Minnesota, from steel tubes manufactured in Chicago, Illinois, and transported to NAPCO for galvanization. The pylon can be illuminated at night by fiber-optic cables at the rings, which are fed from a laser installed at the ground through a telecommunications-grade fiber running inside the pole. Polymer insulators are used to minimize visual effects.

text:
# Mickey pylon

The **Mickey pylon** (also known as the **Mickey Mouse pylon**) is a 105-foot-tall (32 m) double-deadend pole-type 230-kV power line pylon in front of Osceola Substation, which is used by The Walt Disney Company division Reedy Creek Energy Services for the power supply of Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, and which was completed on February 15, 1996. The pylon is in the form of a stylized Mickey Mouse head. It consists of a 70-foot-high (21 m) pole carrying a circular steel tube ring 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter, at which two smaller elliptical rings with minor axis lengths of 18 ft (5.5 m) and major axis lengths of 20 ft (6.1 m). The head weighs 30,000 lb (14,000 kg). It is located along Interstate 4 on the north side of the highway, at the junction with World Drive and the Central Florida GreeneWay (Exit 62).

As the rings were not transportable on public roads, they were designed for an assembly at the construction site. Each ring is constructed from 12-by-20-inch (300 mm × 510 mm) galvanized steel tubing.

The support pole was fabricated by North American Pole Corp. (NAPCO), Dallas, Texas, United States, while the rings were bent by Bend-Tec of Duluth, Minnesota, from steel tubes manufactured in Chicago, Illinois, and transported to NAPCO for galvanization.

The pylon can be illuminated at night by fiber-optic cables at the rings, which are fed from a laser installed at the ground through a telecommunications-grade fiber running inside the pole.

Polymer insulators are used to minimize visual effects.

## History

In March 1995, plans to start building the pole were created by a contract signed by Tampa Electric (TECO) and the Reedy Creek Improvement District. The pylon serves to connect a nearby TECO-built substation to a transmission line owned by the Orlando Utilities Commission.

28°18′14″N 81°34′27″W / 28.3038°N 81.5742°W / 28.3038; -81.5742


title: Mickey the Kid

abstract: Mickey the Kid is a 1939 American drama film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Bruce Cabot, Ralph Byrd and ZaSu Pitts. It was produced and distributed by Republic Pictures.

text:
# Mickey the Kid

***Mickey the Kid*** is a 1939 American drama film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Bruce Cabot, Ralph Byrd and ZaSu Pitts. It was produced and distributed by Republic Pictures.

## Plot

Dr. Ben Cameron is worried about 12-year-old Mickey, son of Jim Adams, a widower who leads a corrupt and complicated life. Jim rebuffs a request by Jim to have Mickey be raised by Veronica Hudson, the boy's maternal grandmother. Mickey idolizes his father and wants to remain with him.

Pulling a bank robbery, Jim shoots and kills an unarmed teller. While on the run from the law, he realizes Mickey would be better off with Veronica and leaves his son in her care. Veronica enrolls the boy in school. His teacher, Sheila Roberts, is engaged to marry Ben.

Jim sneaks into Veronica's house one night to see his son. He hides in the attic at night, then takes the boy along when he leaves. Desperate to get away, Jim hijacks a school bus filled with children. When the bus gets waylaid by a snowstorm, Jim abandons the kids and is unable to persuade Mickey to do the same. FBI agents shoot Jim, who realizes as he dies that Mickey's life will be better without him.

## Cast

## Production

The film was known as *Stand Up and Sing*. It was based on the heroism of a school boy in a Colorado blizzard a few years previously. Cabot was cast in April. The title was changed in May. Filming started in May.

## Reception

The *Los Angeles Times* called it "fairly good though slightly spotty."

Lubin considered the film "horrible" and said it was one of the eight flops in his career.

## InfoBox

| Mickey the Kid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Arthur Lubin |
| Written by | Doris Malloy
Gordon Kahn |
| Based on | story by Alice Altschuler |
| Produced by | Herman Schlom |
| Starring | Bruce Cabot
Ralph Byrd
ZaSu Pitts |
| Cinematography | Jack A. Marta |
| Edited by | William Morgan |
| Music by | Cy Feuer |
| Production
company | Republic Pictures |
| Distributed by | Republic Pictures |
| Release date | * July 3, 1939 (1939-07-03) |
| Running time | 68 minutes
53 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Geology of Norfolk

abstract: The geology of Norfolk in eastern England largely consists of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of marine origin covered by an extensive spread of unconsolidated recent deposits.

text:
# Geology of Norfolk

The **geology of Norfolk** in eastern England largely consists of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of marine origin covered by an extensive spread of unconsolidated recent deposits.

## Jurassic

The oldest rocks at or near the surface in Norfolk are late Jurassic mudstones and muddy limestones which underlie recent deposits in the area west of King's Lynn and Downham Market.

## Cretaceous

Overlying the Jurassic is a Cretaceous sequence whose lowermost unit is the Wealden Group comprising mudstones, limestones, siltstones and sandstones and which extends in a band from Hunstanton southwards to south of the village of Southery. A narrow band of sandstone immediately east of this constitutes the Lower Greensand Group and beyond this, and stratigraphically above it, lie the mudstones and sandstones of the Gault and Upper Greensand formations.

The Grey Chalk and the White Chalk subgroups and the Hunstanton Formation overlie the Greensand. The Chalk extends across the rest of Norfolk east of a wavering line from Holme-next-the-Sea on the north coast to Hockwold cum Wilton on the Suffolk border though it is concealed beneath later Neogene sediments in the east.

## Palaeogene

The Palaeogene Period is represented by a small area of Eocene clay assigned to the Thames Group which is recorded in the vicinity of Loddon.

## Neogene

The shelly sand, clay and gravel deposits known locally as 'crag' cover the eastern part of the county. The western 'feather edge' of the crag is mapped south from the coast west of Sheringham through Cawston and Norwich to the Suffolk border east of Diss. The sequence is divided into the Red Crag, Norwich Crag and Wroxham Crag formations. Some of the youngest rocks in Britain, these are of Pliocene to Pleistocene age.

## Structure

A granite pluton associated with the Acadian orogeny is inferred to exist beneath central and western Norfolk.

## Quaternary

The larger part of Norfolk's bedrock geology is concealed beneath superficial deposits, the oldest of which is a spread of glacial till dating from the Anglian glaciation. Interspersed with the till are sheets of glacial sands and gravels. The fact that the Chalk scarp in East Anglia is much reduced in height compared to its outcrop in Lincolnshire and the Chiltern Hills has been put down to erosion by the Anglian icesheet which reached as far south as Essex. The late Devensian glaciation resulted in the North Sea icesheet impinging upon the north coast of Norfolk. Of more recent origin are alluvial deposits which extend across the floors of the main river valleys and widely across the flats of the Broads. Coastal alluvium is also present along the north coast from Holme-next-the-Sea to Brancaster. River terrace deposits occur in places, for example around the valley of the River Waveney. Blown sand characterises the lower sections of coast. Peat is widespread in the fenland areas south and west of Downham Market.

## Further reading

* British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological map series sheets (England and Wales) 129–132, 145–148, 159-162 & 173-176 and accompanying memoirs.