title: HMPNGS Lakekamu

abstract: HMPNGS Lakekamu is Balikpapan-class landing craft heavy (LCH) operated by the Maritime Operations Element of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF). The vessel was one of eight built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in the 1970s, and was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS Labuan in March 1973. Labuan was decommissioned in November 2014. She was transferred to the PNGDF for use as a training ship and was commissioned as HMPNGS Lakekamu in December 2014.

text:
# HMPNGS Lakekamu

**HMPNGS *Lakekamu*** is *Balikpapan*-class landing craft heavy (LCH) operated by the Maritime Operations Element of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF). The vessel was one of eight built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in the 1970s, and was commissioned into the RAN as **HMAS *Labuan* (L 128)** in March 1973. *Labuan* was decommissioned in November 2014. She was transferred to the PNGDF for use as a training ship and was commissioned as **HMPNGS *Lakekamu*** in December 2014.

## Design and construction

The eight-vessel *Balikpapan* class was ordered as a locally manufactured replacement for the Australian Army's LSM-1-class landing ship medium and ALC 50 landing craft. They are 44.5 metres (146 ft) long, with a beam of 10.1 metres (33 ft), and a draught of 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in). The landing craft have a standard displacement of 316 tons, with a full load displacement of 503 tons. They are propelled by two G.M. Detroit 6–71 diesel motors, providing 675 brake horsepower to the two propeller shafts, allowing the vessels to reach 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). The standard ship's company is 13-strong. The *Balikpapan*s are equipped with a Decca RM 916 navigational radar, and fitted with two 7.62 millimetres (0.300 in) machine guns for self-defence.

The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks, 13 M113 armoured personnel carriers 23 quarter-tonne trucks, or four LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicles. As a troop transport, a *Balikpapan*-class vessel can transport up to 400 soldiers between a larger amphibious ship and the shore, or embark 60 soldiers in six-berth caravans for longer voyages. The vessel's payload affects the range: at 175 tons of cargo, each vessel has a range of 1,300 nautical miles (2,400 km; 1,500 mi), which increases to 2,280 nautical miles (4,220 km; 2,620 mi) with a 150-ton payload, and 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) when unladen. The flat, box-like keel causes the ships to roll considerably in other-than-calm conditions, limiting their ability to make long voyages.

The vessel was laid down by Walkers Limited, at Maryborough, Queensland on 1 November 1971, and launched on 29 December 1971. She was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS *Labuan* (pennant number L 128) on 9 March 1973. *Labuan* is named after the World War II amphibious landings at the Borneo island of Labuan. On entering service, she was homeported at HMAS *Moreton* in Brisbane.

## Operational history

After completing working-up exercises, in May 1973, *Labuan* transported Clearance Diving Team One (CDT1) to Moreton Island to destroy a World War II era torpedo. In August, CDT1 was embarked again aboard *Labuan*, this time for a two-month deployment to Papua New Guinea. Between 15 August and 12 October, the landing craft visited communities around Papua New Guinea, with the clearance divers clearing reef passages and disposing of unexploded ordnance from World War II. After CDT1 flew back to Australia on 12 October, *Labuan* surveyed the Fly River, reaching 135 miles (217 km). On 19 October, the vessel left Papua New Guinea and sailed to Cairns with sister ship HMAS *Brunei*. In November, *Labuan* was used for the Army exercise Temple Tower. On 21 November, *Labuan* and two fishing boats towed the rafts of the Las Balsas Expedition into the mouth of the Richmond River, after the rafts drifted off course on the final leg of their trans-Pacific voyage.

Between March and May 1974, the landing craft was based in Singapore, and was used to transport military materiel and stores to and from Belawan, Indonesia. Several major exercises were participated in during the rest of 1974: Kangaroo One in June, and Kentia Palm in September. During October and November, *Labuan* was stationed on the Great Barrier Reef with clearance divers embarked, as part of a project tracking the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish. *Labuan* was the only RAN *Balikpapan*-class ship not involved in Operation Navy Help Darwin (the RAN response following Cyclone Tracy's destruction of Darwin in December 1974), as she was undergoing refit at the time. In late February 1975, *Labuan* collided with a lighter during Exercise Wagon Train II. The damage was limited to patching a hole above the waterline. During April and May, the landing craft operated in southern Australian waters in support of Army training exercises. *Labuan* returned to Sydney, and during 12 and 13 May transported the RAN's first two Sea King helicopters to Jervis Bay. The rest of 1975 and most of 1976 was spent on training exercises.

During September and October 1977, *Labuan* visited ports throughout South East Asia, cumulating in Biak on 6 October, where materiel used for Operation Cenderawasih – mapping and charting of Irian Jaya – was loaded aboard. The ship returned to Townsville on 25 October. During June and July 1978, *Labuan* was deployed on Operation Beachcomber – surveying of northern Queensland beaches. The rest of 1978 was spent on exercises. On 12 February 1979, *Labuan* began a refit. After the refit's conclusion, the vessel was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy Reserve (RANR) on 15 June 1979 to serve as the training vessel for the Port Brisbane Division. In RNVR service, *Labuan* was used to provide training and seagoing experience to Reserve personnel, generally on two-week deployments. Despite being operated by the RANR, *Labuan* maintained a heavy schedule of exercise deployments and operations in support of the Army and RAN. During September and October 1980, clearance divers were embarked aboard *Labuan* for three weeks of shipping channel clearing around the Solomon Islands.

On 9 April 1987, *Labuan* rescued the 11 crew of the yacht *Madame de Farge*, which had run aground during the Sydney to Mooloolaba Yacht Race. During January 1988, the vessel was in Ballina, New South Wales for Bicentenary celebrations. In September, *Labuan* was in Sydney for the Bicentennial Naval Salute. *Labuan* was granted the right of Freedom of Entry to Ballina, New South Wales in 1988. At the start of 1992, the final RANR training cruise occurred, after which the vessel was docked in Cairns for a refit. On 17 August, *Labuan* was reassigned to the Permanent Naval Force, but because she was still undergoing refit, no permanent command team was assigned, and the post-refit trials were conducted under frequently-changing commanding officers.

From March until May 1993, *Labuan* was at Forgacs' Newcastle shipyard for removal of asbestos. In August, the ship's home base was relocated to HMAS *Cairns* in Cairns, Queensland. On 31 December, the ship was forced to sail to avoid Tropical Cyclone Rewa. During 1995, *Labuan* provided logistical support to NORFORCE. On 14 May 1996, while returning from Exercise Thunder Bay 96, the landing craft ran aground on a reef off South Harrison Island. She was refloated on the next high tide, and returned to Cairns for repairs. In March 1997, the ship was placed on standby to evacuate Australian citizens from political unrest in Papua New Guinea; this need did not eventuate, and *Labuan* resumed normal operations in early April. During November, *Labuan* and *Tarakan* delivered humanitarian supplies to drought-stricken areas in northern Papua New Guinea. From December 1997 to February 1998, the vessel was berthed in Cairns for communications upgrades.

During 1998 and 1999, *Labuan* made four deployments to Bougainville Island as part of Operation Bel Isi: March to April and August to October in 1998, and January to March and July to August in 1999. In between these deployments, the ship continued on a program of training exercises and logistical support for other defence units. *Labuan* sailed to Dili, East Timor on 18 September 1999 as part of INTERFET. The ship provided logistic support, beach landing capability, and rest facilities for INTERFET forces. She remained in the area until 14 October, and was redeployed in support of INTERFET during November–December 1999, February–April 2000, June–July 2000, August–September 2000 and November–December 2000. These deployments were later recognised with the battle honour "East Timor 1999–2000". On returning to Cairns at the end of 2000, the ship was prepared for a Life of Type Extension refit; the refit itself lasted from late February 2001 to early September 2001. On 15 October, *Labuan* sailed on another deployment to Bougainville, under Operation Bel Isi II.

During January 2002, *Labuan* was sent to Dili with a cargo of military vehicles. From April to July, she was deployed to Bougainville as part of Operation Bel Isi II. Subsequent deployments as part of the operation were made during September to October 2002, and April to May 2003. From July until September, the ship was in the Solomon Islands as part of the RAN contribution to the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI), with *Labuan* undertaking logistic support operations, patrols, and assisting in the collection of weapons under the gun amnesty. A second RAMSI deployment occurred from April until May 2004. In November 2004, the ship visited Ballina. In March 2006, *Labuan* was involved in humanitarian operations following Cyclone Larry (after having ridden out the storm herself in Wahday Creek), moving supplies and equipment from Townsville to Mourilyan. In June 2006, the ship transported materiel between Darwin and Dili in support of Operation Astute. During August, *Labuan* was deployed on border patrol operations under Operation Resolute. Further Resolute deployments occurred during September and October, and in June 2007.

During August and September 2008, *Labuan* hosted scientists from the Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Curtin University, and the Universities of Queensland and Sydney during a research survey of Beaked Whales. From April until June 2009, *Labuan* and *Tarakan* were deployed to the southwest Pacific, visiting Vanuatu, Tonga, and Western Samoa. In July 2010, the ship was involved in the US Navy's Pacific Partnership humanitarian assistance operation, providing over-the-shore support and acting as a forward base for medical and dental personnel during visits to Indonesia and Timor Leste. In October 2013, *Labuan* participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 in Sydney.

*Labuan* visited Ballina in August 2014, during the ship's final cruise before decommissioning. After participating in Exercise Croix Du Sud off New Caledonia, *Labuan* and *Tarakan* delivered humanitarian supplies to remote coastal settlements in the Solomon Islands in September 2014 as part of Australian support efforts in the region.

*Labuan*, along with *Brunei* and *Tarakan*, were decommissioned on 20 November 2014. The ship's bell and ceremonial life ring are to be put on display at the Ballina Naval and Maritime Museum.

In 2013, the Australian government had promised to gift one of the *Balikpapan*-class vessels due to leave RAN service to Papua New Guinea. To this end, *Labuan* was sailed to Port Moresby by a combined RAN and PNGDF complement, and was commissioned into the PNGDF Maritime Operations Element on 4 December 2014. The ship's new name comes from the Lakekamu River, in Papua New Guinea's Gulf Province.

HMPGS *Lakekamu* is used as a training ship. As part of Australia's assistance to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force, the Royal Australian Navy provides her commanding officer and a chief of the boat.

## Sources

Books Journal articles * Swinden, Greg (April 2013). "Heavy Lifting for Four Decades: The Navy's Landing Craft Heavy". *The Navy*. **75** (2). Navy League of Australia: 20–24. ISSN 1322-6231.

## InfoBox

| HMAS *Labuan* during the International Fleet Review 2013 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Name | HMAS *Labuan* |
| Namesake | Amphibious landings at Labuan |
| Builder | Walkers Limited |
| Laid down | 1 November 1971 |
| Launched | 29 December 1971 |
| Commissioned | 9 March 1973 |
| Decommissioned | 20 November 2014 |
| Homeport |  |
| Motto | "Fail Not" |
| Honours and<br>awards |  |
| Fate | Transferred to Papua New Guinea |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Name | HMPNGS Lakekamu |
| Namesake | Lakekamu River |
| Commissioned | 4 December 2014 |
| Status | Active as of 2014 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Balikpapan*-class landing craft heavy |
| Displacement | 316 tons |
| Length | 44.5 m (146 ft) |
| Beam | 10.1 m (33 ft) |
| Propulsion | Two GE diesels |
| Speed | 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) |
| Capacity | 180 tons of vehicle cargo or 400 soldiers |
| Complement | 13 |
| Armament | 2 × 0.50 inch machine guns |


title: Richard Graul

abstract: Richard Graul was a German art historian and museum curator.

text:
# Richard Graul

**Richard Graul** (24 June 1862 – 25 December 1944) was a German art historian and museum curator.

## Life

Born in Leipzig, the son of a wallpaper pattern artist and manufacturer, completed an apprenticeship as a bookseller in Frankfurt. In 1881 he joined his father's pattern-drawing studio in Frankfurt, where he first became involved with industrial arts. In 1888 he received his doctorate in Zürich with a dissertation on the history of decorative sculpture in the Netherlands during the 16th century. From 1889 to 1892 he was secretary of the Society for Reproducing Art in Vienna and, in addition, editor of its journal *Die graphischen Künste* until 1894. In 1892 he began as a trainee in the sculpture collection and the picture gallery of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, where he became assistant at the Alte Nationalgalerie in 1894 and worked in 1896 at the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin with Julius Lessing.

In 1896 Graul left Berlin and went to the Leipzig Museum of Applied Arts of which he was director from 1896 to 1929. From 1924 he was also director of the Museum der bildenden Künste in Leipzig. Graul developed the Leipzig Museum of Applied Arts into a museum of European standing, and his many activities had a lasting effect on the museum.

In 1920 he founded the Grassimesse, a sales fair independent of the Leipzig Trade Fair. It took place in the rooms of the museum at the same time as the spring and autumn fairs. Graul initiated the construction of the new Grassimuseum, which took place from 1925 to 1929. Already from 1926 the house could be occupied depending on the progress of the construction. Thus the Grassimesse 1926 took place in the wing on Hospitalstraße (today Prager Straße). Under Graul's management it developed into an arts and crafts fair with high quality standards. He attracted international attention with the large special exhibition "European Arts and Crafts 1927" in the new museum building. It made the Grassimuseum known throughout Europe.

Graul was founder of the magazine *The Museum* (1886) and co-founder and temporary editor of the art magazine *Pan* (1894–1896). He was editor in 1898/1899 and from 1925 to 1931 publisher of the *Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst*.

Graul was a member of several museum committees, including the Kunstgeschichtliche Gesellschaft Berlin, the Deutscher Werkbund and the Saxon Landesstelle für Kunstgewerbe in Dresden. He was also the founder and long-standing chairman of the Society of Friends of the Museum of Decorative Arts Leipzig.

## Publications

* *Einführung in die Kunstgeschichte.* Leipzig: Kröner, 1887 (8th edition in 1923)
* *Ostasiatische Kunst und ihr Einfluss aus Europa* Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, 1906
* *Bilderatlas zur Einführung in die Kunstgeschichte.*, Leipzig: Seemann, 1907 (6th edition)
* *Denkschrift über die Entwicklung des Kunstgewerbe-Museums und die Notwendigkeit eines Museumsneubaus.* Leipzig: Hedrich, 1910
* *Alt-Flandern. Brabant/Artois/Hennegau/Lüttich/Namur. Bilderband mit 200 photographischen Aufnahmen (...)*, München-Pasing: Roland-Verlag Dr. Albert Mundt, 1918, 46 p. text + 88 p. photos.

## Literature

* *Mitteilungen des städtischen Museums für Kunsthandwerk / Grassimuseum und seines Freundes- und Förderkreises e.–V.*. issue 2, 1993, Eisel 2001.
* Walther Killy, Rudolf Vierhaus: *Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie.* Volume 4: *Gies–Hessel.* Saur, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-598-23164-4.
* *Richard Graul zum 80. Geburtstage.* Verzeichnis seiner Schriften. Ihrem hochverdientem Gründer und langjährigen Vorsitzenden in Dankbarkeit gewidmet von der Gesellschaft der Freunde des Kunstgewerbe-Museums zu Leipzig am 24. Juni 1942. *Städtisches Kunstgewerbe-Museum, Leipzig 1942.*


title: Ulrike Gauss

abstract: Ulrike Gauss was a German art historian. Gauss is seen as one of the most renowned German art historians of her era. She became professor. She won the Schillerpreis der Stadt Marbach am Neckar in 1997. Gauss died on 5 April 2021, aged 79.

text:
# Ulrike Gauss

**Ulrike Gauss** (5 November 1941 – 5 April 2021) was a German art historian.

Gauss is seen as one of the most renowned German art historians of her era. She became professor. She won the Schillerpreis der Stadt Marbach am Neckar in 1997.

Gauss died on 5 April 2021, aged 79.

## InfoBox

| Ulrike Gauss | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1941-11-05)5 November 1941<br>Tübingen, Germany |
| Died | 5 April 2021(2021-04-05) (aged 79) |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | art historian |


title: OCESA Seitrack

abstract: OCESA Seitrack is a Mexican record label and talent agency which is a subsidiary of Grupo CIE.

text:
# OCESA Seitrack

**OCESA Seitrack** (formerly **Seitrack Management** and **Seitrack Musica**) is a Mexican record label and talent agency which is a subsidiary of Grupo CIE.

## History

Seitrack Management was an independent private talent agency founded in 2002, originally as just a talent agency. OCESA Entertainment, a division of Grupo CIE, joined forces with Seitrack, formally changing the latter's name to OCESA-Seitrack.

## Officials

* Alex Mizrahi (CEO)
* Octavio Padilla (General Director)
* Roberto Rodríguez, Yolo Aguilar, Teresa González de la Concha (Marketing Subdirectors)
* Javier Montemayor (Sales Subdirector)
* Miguel Angel Ruiz (Sales Subdirector)
* Mariana Gonzalez (Commercial Alliances Subdirector)
* Enrique García-Salgado (Digital Strategies Subdirector)
* Carlos Moreno, Francisco Sierra, Renato Francis, Layla Del Razo, Fernando de la Garza (Marketing Managers)
* Marisol Márquez (Administrative Manager)
* Gisa Montalvo (Sales Manager)

## Artists

Personal:

### Recording

### Management

## InfoBox

| OCESA Seitrack | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parent company | Grupo CIE (OCESA Entertainment) |
| Founded | 2002 (as Seitrack Management) |
| Genre |  |
| Country of origin | Mexico |
| Location | Mexico City |
| Official website | www.seitrack.mx |


title: Vox Archangeli

abstract: Vox Archangeli is a Swedish musical band combining original Gregorian chants from early medieval times with modern electronic sounds. Members are Anna Pihl Lindén, Veikko Kiiver and Pär Lindén, all on vocals, with Pär Lindén also playing the flute. The inspiration for Vox Archangelis music comes from a wide range of musical influences, from classical and folk music, through to pop and rock. They are signed to Heart Song Records. Distribution is by Plugged Music and worldwide through X5 Music. They are famous for their Sanctus series dedicated to various angel. Their debut album was Sanctus: Michael in 2009 produced by the Grammy winning Dan Sundquist, with the follow-up album continuing on the Sanctus project was 2010 album Sanctus: Gabriel produced by Daniel Palm and the third album Sancts:Raphael produced by Peter Nordahl and Moh Denebi. In addition to the vocal tracks introducing a new musical genre called Gregorian Lounge Music, their music features instrumental air movements, created in co-operation with Jonas Strömberg at Slowbeat Studio and representing a continuing theme with 4 movements in Sanctus: Michael, also 4 in Sanctus: Gabriel and a further 5 in Sanctus: Raphael.

text:
# Vox Archangeli

**Vox Archangeli** is a Swedish musical band combining original Gregorian chants from early medieval times with modern electronic sounds. Members are Anna Pihl Lindén, Veikko Kiiver and Pär Lindén, all on vocals, with Pär Lindén also playing the flute. The inspiration for Vox Archangelis music comes from a wide range of musical influences, from classical and folk music, through to pop and rock. They are signed to Heart Song Records. Distribution is by Plugged Music and worldwide through X5 Music.

They are famous for their *Sanctus* series dedicated to various angel. Their debut album was *Sanctus: Michael* in 2009 produced by the Grammy winning Dan Sundquist, with the follow-up album continuing on the Sanctus project was 2010 album *Sanctus: Gabriel* produced by Daniel Palm and the third album *Sancts:Raphael* produced by Peter Nordahl and Moh Denebi.

In addition to the vocal tracks introducing a new musical genre called Gregorian Lounge Music, their music features instrumental air movements, created in co-operation with Jonas Strömberg at Slowbeat Studio and representing a continuing theme with 4 movements in *Sanctus: Michael*, also 4 in *Sanctus: Gabriel* and a further 5 in *Sanctus: Raphael*.

## Discography

| Album Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Track list |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SWE
 | | |
| *Sanctus: Michael* |  | 27 |  | 1. Archangelus Michael 2. Miserere Mei 3. Sanctus 4. Caritas 5. Air Movement I 6. Air Movement Ii 7. Air Movement Iii 8. Air Movement Iv |
| *Sanctus: Gabriel* |  | 13 |  | 1. Deus 2. Ego Sum 3. Ingresso 4. Archangelus Gabriel 5. Pax 6. Air Movement V: Deus 7. Air Movement Vi: Ego Sum 8. Air Movement Vii: Ingresso 9. Air Movement Viii: Archangelus Gabriel |
| *Sanctus: Raphael* |  | 26 |  | 1. Alleluia Raphael 2. Filium Dei 3. Air Movement X: Archangelus Raphael 4. Now We Are Free 5. Air Movement Xi: Alleluia Raphael 6. Air Movement Xii: Filium Dei 7. Archangelus Raphael 8. Air Movement Xiii: Filium Dei 9. Air Movement Xiv: Now We Are Free |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SWE
 | |
| 2010 | "Archangelus Gabriel" | 35 | *Sanctus: Gabriel* |
| 2011 | "Sapienta" | 18 | Non-album release |
|

Other non-charting singles * 2011: "We Are Free" (Vox Archangeli's version of theme from *Gladiator*


title: Transport in Badalona

abstract: Public transport in Badalona consists of a variety of services operated by several companies, most of them associated with Autoritat del Transport Metropolità, the main transport authority of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. At just over 220,000 inhabitants, Badalona is one of Catalonia's most populated towns, and is located immediately next to the capital Barcelona, along the Mediterranean Sea coastline. It is both a dormitory town and a developed city in itself, which makes the proper articulation of transport of vital importance.

text:
# Transport in Badalona

**Public transport in Badalona** (Catalonia, Spain) consists of a variety of services operated by several companies, most of them associated with Autoritat del Transport Metropolità, the main transport authority of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. At just over 220,000 inhabitants, Badalona is one of Catalonia's most populated towns, and is located immediately next to the capital Barcelona, along the Mediterranean Sea coastline. It is both a dormitory town and a developed city in itself, which makes the proper articulation of transport of vital importance.

## Barcelona Metro stations

The branch of L2 serving Badalona was first part of L4. Handover took place in the 1990s, when the construction of L2 took place. The long-announced L10 is currently under construction, but the stations located within the municipality of Badalona, along with some in Barcelona, are already operative as of 2010. An extension of L1 from Fondo, in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, is currently planned.

| Name | Opened | Lines |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Artigues-Sant Adrià | 1985 | L2 |
| *Badalona Est* | Planned | L1 |
| Badalona Pompeu Fabra | 2010 | L2, *L1* |
| *Bufalà* | Planned | L1 |
| Gorg | 1985 | L2, L10 |
| La Salut | 2010 | L10 |
| Llefià | 2010 | L10 |
| *Montigalà-Lloreda* | Planned | L1 |
| Pep Ventura | 1985 | L2 |
| *Sant Crist* | Planned | L1 |
| Sant Roc | 1985 | L2 |
|

## Rodalies commuter railway station

| Name | Opened | Lines |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Badalona railway station | 1848 | R1 |
|

## Tram stations

All served by Trambesòs since 2007.

| Name | Opened | Lines |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gorg | 2007 | T5, T6 |
| *Port de Badalona* | Planned | T4 |
| Sant Roc | 2007 | T5, T6 |
|

## Bus lines

### Operated by TMB

### Operated by TUSGSAL

### "NitBus" (night bus)

* N2: Av.Carrilet (L'Hospitalet) - Via Augusta (Badalona)
* N9: Portal de la Pau (Barcelona) - Edith Llaurador (Tiana)
* N11: Pl.Catalunya (Barcelona) - Hospital Can Ruti (Badalona)

## Port of Badalona

## Transport in the municipalities of Badalonès

## Transport in other Metropolitan Area municipalities

1. Informació de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya
2. http://www.directe.cat/noticia/7872/estudien-la-connexio-del-trambesos-amb-el-trambaix-7872/imprimir


title: Patrick Joseph Nolan

abstract: Professor Patrick Joseph Nolan was an Irish physicist. Like his older brother, physicist John James Nolan, he specialised in atmospheric physics. In 1971, he was awarded the Boyle Medal by the Royal Dublin Society. He was born in Omagh, County Tyrone, and educated at University College Dublin. He earned a BSc in 1914, coming first in his class, and an MSc followed in 1915. A National University of Ireland travelling studentship in experimental physics facilitated his spending some time doing research at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge–at that time led by Ernest Rutherford. In 1922, he married Una Hurley from near Bantry, County Cork, a younger sister of his brother John's wife. The couple had no children. He was an uncle of abstract painter Evin Nolan. From 1921 to 1928 he held the post of Lecturer on Experimental Physics at St Patrick's College in Maynooth. He spent the rest of his career at UCD, having been awarded his PhD there in 1922. In the 1930s and 1940s, he worked alongside his brother John, and numerous post graduate students, studying ionization, and atmospheric electrical parameters. He was appointed Professor of Geophysics in 1954, and retired in 1964. His publications included papers on the charge equilibrium of nuclei as it relates to the Boltzmann law, the combination of ions and nuclei, and the determination of the recombination coefficient of small ions. Patrick J. Nolan is best remembered for the 1940s development of the Photoelectric Nucleus Counter with L. W. Pollak. This counter was long the standard instrument for the measurement of cloud condensation nuclei. Nolan Served on the Governing Board of the School of Cosmic Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies from 1947-1981.

text:
# Patrick Joseph Nolan

Professor **Patrick Joseph Nolan** (11 August 1894 – 28 December 1984) was an Irish physicist. Like his older brother, physicist John James Nolan, he specialised in atmospheric physics. In 1971, he was awarded the Boyle Medal by the Royal Dublin Society.

He was born in Omagh, County Tyrone, and educated at University College Dublin. He earned a BSc in 1914, coming first in his class, and an MSc followed in 1915. A National University of Ireland travelling studentship in experimental physics (awarded in 1917) facilitated his spending some time doing research at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge–at that time led by Ernest Rutherford. In 1922, he married Una Hurley from near Bantry, County Cork, a younger sister of his brother John's wife. The couple had no children. He was an uncle of abstract painter Evin Nolan.

From 1921 to 1928 he held the post of Lecturer on Experimental Physics at St Patrick's College in Maynooth. He spent the rest of his career at UCD, having been awarded his PhD there in 1922. In the 1930s and 1940s, he worked alongside his brother John, and numerous post graduate students, studying ionization, and atmospheric electrical parameters. He was appointed Professor of Geophysics in 1954, and retired in 1964. His publications included papers on the charge equilibrium of nuclei as it relates to the Boltzmann law, the combination of ions and nuclei, and the determination of the recombination coefficient of small ions.

Patrick J. Nolan is best remembered for the 1940s development of the Photoelectric Nucleus Counter with L. W. Pollak. This counter was long the standard instrument for the measurement of cloud condensation nuclei.

Nolan Served on the Governing Board of the School of Cosmic Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies from 1947-1981.

## Sources

* O'Connor, Thomas C. (2001). *The Evolution of Condensation Nucleus Counters*, Department of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway
* The Royal Dublin Society: Patrick J. Nolan
* McCartney, Mark and Whitaker, Andrew (2003). *Physicists of Ireland: Passion and Precision* Bristol and Philadelphia : Institute of Physics, ISBN 0750308664


title: Marleyimyia xylocopae

abstract: Marleyimyia xylocopae is a species of bee fly from South Africa that has a similarity to the patterning of a carpenter bee Xylocopa flavicollis found in the region. The species is considered to be distinctive and only one of three within the genus Marleyimyia. The other members of the genus are Marleyimyia goliath described from Peninsular Malaysia and M. natalensis from southern Africa. Members in the genus have been presumed to be crepuscular or nocturnal but this species was found to be diurnal.

text:
# Marleyimyia xylocopae

***Marleyimyia xylocopae*** is a species of bee fly from South Africa that has a similarity to the patterning of a carpenter bee *Xylocopa flavicollis* (De Geer, 1778) found in the region. The species is considered to be distinctive and only one of three within the genus *Marleyimyia*. The other members of the genus are *Marleyimyia goliath* described from Peninsular Malaysia and *M. natalensis* from southern Africa. Members in the genus have been presumed to be crepuscular or nocturnal but this species was found to be diurnal.

## Controversy about photography-based taxonomy

The species was unusual in being described on the basis of two photographs, without the collection, designation of a holotype specimen and deposition in a suitable repository. This method provoked in 2016 a controversy among taxonomists, with a paper arguing *for* photography-based taxonomy by Pape (with 34 signatories), quickly followed by papers arguing *against* it by Krell (with 5 signatories) and Ceríaco et al. (with 496 authors).

## InfoBox

| *Marleyimyia xylocopae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female holotype, photographed in Ndumo Game Preserve, South Africa on 1 December 2014 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Subfamily: | Anthracinae |
| Tribe: | Villini |
| Genus: | *Marleyimyia* |
| Species: | ***M. xylocopae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marleyimyia xylocopae***<br>Marshall & Evenhuis, 2015 | |
|


title: Marlhes

abstract: Marlhes is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

text:
# Marlhes

**Marlhes** (French pronunciation: \[maʁl\]) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 971 |  |
| 1975 | 981 | +0.15% |
| 1982 | 1,021 | +0.57% |
| 1990 | 1,094 | +0.87% |
| 1999 | 1,305 | +1.98% |
| 2009 | 1,388 | +0.62% |
| 2014 | 1,327 | −0.89% |
| 2020 | 1,340 | +0.16% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Twin towns

Marlhes is twinned with:

## Personalities

Marcellin Champagnat, a Catholic saint who founded the Marist Brothers, was born in the village.

## InfoBox

| Marlhes | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Marlhes | |
| MarlhesMarlhes | |
| Coordinates: 45°17′02″N 4°23′44″E / 45.2839°N 4.3956°E / 45.2839; 4.3956 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Loire |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Étienne |
| Canton | Le Pilat |
| Intercommunality | Monts du Pilat |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-François Chorain |
| Area**1** | 32.6 km2 (12.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,338 |
| Density | 41/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 42139 /42660 |
| Elevation | 810–1,190 m (2,660–3,900 ft)
(avg. 945 m or 3,100 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Marleys Hill

abstract: Marleys Hill is a hill in the Port Hills above Christchurch, New Zealand. It is a short distance south-west of Sugarloaf, and is taller than it by a few metres. The hilltop is the location of several radio repeater stations, including the primary amateur radio repeater for Christchurch. On the north side of the hill is the Christchurch Adventure Park.

text:
# Marleys Hill

**Marleys Hill** is a hill in the Port Hills above Christchurch, New Zealand. It is a short distance south-west of Sugarloaf, and is taller than it by a few metres. The hilltop is the location of several radio repeater stations, including the primary amateur radio repeater for Christchurch. On the north side of the hill is the Christchurch Adventure Park.

## History

Marleys Hill was a key location for the collection of stone for building in early Christchurch, with a quarry situated on the south side of the hill as early as 1859. The hill is named after William Marley — a carpenter and architect who arrived on the ship *Charlotte Jane* and owned land close to the summit.

Between 1927 and 1977 there was a nursing home near the summit called Mary's Mount Rest Home, operated by the Sisters of Calvary Hospital.

The hill was subjected to significant damage in both the 2017 Port Hills fires and the later 2024 Port Hills fire, including the loss of several radio transmitters at the top of the hill.

## InfoBox

| Marleys Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| Marleys Hill in 2021 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 502 m (1,647 ft) |
| Coordinates | 43°36′37.699″S 172°38′1.601″E / 43.61047194°S 172.63377806°E / -43.61047194; 172.63377806 |
| Geography | |
| Marleys HillLocation of Marleys Hill on Banks Peninsula | |
| Location | Christchurch |
| Parent range | Port Hills |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Basalt volcanic rock |


title: The Spinning Top

abstract: The Spinning Top is the seventh studio album by Blur guitarist Graham Coxon on new record label Transgressive Records. The album is produced by Stephen Street and was released on 11 May 2009. It was Coxon's first album since Crow Sit on Blood Tree (2001) to be released while concurrently a member of Blur, and the first to be released following his returned to Blur in 2008. It is a concept album that follows a narrative of a man from birth to death. The album was supported by the single "Sorrow's Army", released on 18 May.

text:
# The Spinning Top

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Clash* | (7/10) |
| *Gigwise.com* |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *The Independent* |  |
| Pitchfork Media | (4.7/10) |
| *Planet Sound* | (7/10) |
| PopMatters | (8/10) |
| *NME* | (8/10) |
| *Uncut* |  |

***The Spinning Top*** is the seventh studio album by Blur guitarist Graham Coxon on new record label Transgressive Records. The album is produced by Stephen Street and was released on 11 May 2009. It was Coxon's first album since *Crow Sit on Blood Tree* (2001) to be released while concurrently a member of Blur, and the first to be released following his returned to Blur in 2008. It is a concept album that follows a narrative of a man from birth to death.

The album was supported by the single "Sorrow's Army", released on 18 May.

## Production

The cover art and liner artwork, like previous releases, was painted by Coxon himself. The two music promos Sorrow's Army and In the Morning were filmed by creative director Nick Craske. Dead Bees, the third single from The Spinning Top, was filmed by Chris Hopewell.

## Live Album Tour

Coxon took the album on tour around the release date in May 2009 and also in November 2009 after the cool down from July's Blur reform gigs at Hyde Park and Glastonbury. Coxon played with his Power Acoustic Ensemble. Live Members included Coxon (Guitar, Vocals and Soprano Saxophone), Graham Fox (drums), Gareth Davies (Bass), Lucy Parnall and Jen Clayton (Vocals), Owen Thomas (Bass, Guitar), Louis Vause (piano), Ranbir (dilruba), Bee2 (Percussion). The short tour played the full album in order. The last concert on the list was at the Barbican Theatre in London where Coxon would play with some of his all time heroes. The gig featured Robyn Hitchcock and Martin Carthy (guitars), Natasha Marsh (Opera Vocals) and Max Eastley (The Arc). It also featured Radiohead visual artist Chris Hopewell.

## Track listing

1. "Look Into the Light" - 3:18
2. "This House" - 2:54
3. "In the Morning" - 8:26
4. "If You Want Me" - 5:43
5. "Perfect Love" - 2:51
6. "Brave the Storm" - 5:19
7. "Dead Bees" - 3:25
8. "Sorrow's Army" - 4:20
9. "Caspian Sea" - 4:54
10. "Home" - 4:21
11. "Humble Man" - 3:43
12. "Feel Alright" - 4:37
13. "Far From Everything" - 4:09
14. "Tripping Over" - 4:52
15. "November" - 5:40

## InfoBox

| The Spinning Top | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Graham Coxon | |
| Released | 11 May 2009 |
| Recorded | 2008–2009 |
| Genre | English folk |
| Length | 68:26 |
| Label | Transgressive |
| Producer | Stephen Street |
| Graham Coxon chronology | |
| *Love Travels at Illegal Speeds*
(2006) ***The Spinning Top***
(2009) *A+E*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Spinning Top* | |
| 1. "In the Morning" (limited 10" vinyl)"
Released: 18 April 2009 2. "Sorrow's Army"
Released: 18 May 2009 3. "Dead Bees" / "Brave the Storm" (7" vinyl)"
Released: 28 Sep 2009 | |
|  | |


title: Martin Eybl

abstract: Martin Eybl is an Austrian musicologist.

text:
# Martin Eybl

**Martin Eybl** is an Austrian musicologist.

## Early life and education

Martin Eybl was born on December 7, 1960, in Neumarkt im Hausruckkreis, a town in the province of Upper Austria, and was educated at the Gymnasium in Kremsmünster where he graduated in 1979. Thereafter, he studied at the Anton Bruckner Conservatory in Linz and, in 1984, majored there in Piano Performance (class of Horst Matthaeus). At the same time, he studied composition (*German: Tonsatz*) at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, as well as musicology at the University of Vienna, from where he graduated in 1988 (Master of Philosophy) and 1995 (Doctor of Philosophy).

## Professional activities and career

Martin Eybl has taught lectures and courses at the University of Vienna from 1991 until 2004, and has been teaching at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna since 1994 (until 2004 in the fields of Schenkerian analysis and history of music theory).

From 1994 until 2006, he held a course about Schenkerian analysis (*German: Lehrgang für Tonsatz nach Heinrich Schenker*). In 1996, he was a visiting scholar at Harvard University. Since 2000, he is on the editorial board of *Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich* (DTÖ – German for Monuments of Musical Art in Austria), becoming editor-in-chief in 2007 (together with Theophil Antonicek).

Martin Eybl obtained his habilitation in music theory in 2004, and since that time holds an academic chair for music history at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. From 2007 to 2009, he served as a member of the university's academic senate.

## Research interests and activities

Martin Eybl's main research focus lies on the aesthetics and theory of early 20th century music, as well as on music in Austria during the 18th century and on the edition of pre-classical music. He was involved in several peer-reviewed research projects, among which

* *Instrumental ensemble music in the wake of Vienna 1730-1760,* 1993-1995;
* *Modernity in Vienna and Central Europe around 1900,* 1994–2002;
* *Changes in musical taste around 1760. The solo concerto in Maria Theresia's Vienna,* 2002–2003.

From 2007 until 2010, he acted as the principal investigator of a project called

## Major publications 1992-2010

### Books

* Ideology and method. Schenker's theory of music in the context of the history of ideas. (*German: Ideologie und Methode. Zum ideengeschichtlichen Kontext von Schenkers Musiktheorie*). Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikwissenschaft 32. Tutzing 1995 (Ph.D. thesis, Vienna).
* The emancipation of the instant. Schoenberg's scandalizing concerts 1907 and 1908. A documentation (*German: Die Befreiung des Augenblicks: Schönbergs Skandalkonzerte von 1907 und 1908. Eine Dokumentation*). Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte 4. Wien 2004.
* Schenkerian traditions. A Viennese school of music theory and its international dissemination (English/*German: Schenker-Traditionen. Eine Wiener Schule der Musiktheorie und ihre internationale Verbreitung*), Martin Eybl and Evelyn Fink-Mennel (eds.). Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte 6. Wien 2006.
* Celebrations: On occasion of the 70th birthday of Theophil Antonicek (*German: Feste. Theophil Antonicek zum 70. Geburtstag*), Martin Eybl, Stefan Jena, Andreas Vejvar (eds.), Studien zur Musikwissenschaft 56. Tutzing 2010.

### Musical Editions

* Pieter Maessins, Complete Works (*German: Sämtliche Werke*). Published by Othmar Wessely und Martin Eybl (DTÖ 149). Graz 1995.
* Johann Joseph Fux, Trio sonatas. Complete Works (*German: Sämtliche Werke*), Ser. VI, Vol.. 4. Graz 2000.
* Johann Joseph Fux, Trio sonatas. Complete Works (*German: Sämtliche Werke*), Ser. VI, Vol. 5. Graz 2009.

### Scholarly Articles

#### Music in 18th-century Austria

* Nightingale, quail, cuckoo, Adler and Fux. Remarks on the stylistic change in the 18th century on the basis of the recovered Leipzig overture (*German: Nachtigall, Wachtel, Kuckuck, Adler und Fux. Bemerkungen zum Stilwandel im 18. Jahrhundert anhand der wiederaufgefundenen Leipziger Ouverture*). In Rudolf Flotzinger (ed.), J. J. Fux-Symposium Graz ’91. Proceedings (Grazer musikwissenschaftliche Arbeiten 9), pp. 63–83. Graz 1992.
* Two weddings at the Vienna court 1744 and 1760. Self-conception, representation, and audience of the courtiers during the enlightenment process (*German: Zwei Hochzeiten am Wiener Hof 1744 und 1760. Höfisches Selbstverständnis, Repräsentation und Publikum im Prozess der Aufklärung*). In: Martin Eybl, Stefan Jena, Andreas Vejvar (eds.), Feste. Theophil Antonicek zum 70. Geburtstag (Studien zur Musikwissenschaft 56), pp. 153–170. Tutzing 2010.
* The secularization of devotion. Perception of music between emancipation and disciplining (*German: Die Säkularisierung der Andacht. Musikrezeption im Spannungsfeld zwischen Emanzipation und Disziplinierung*). In: Franz M. Eybl (ed.), Strukturwandel kultureller Praxis. Beiträge zu einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Sicht des theresianischen Zeitalters (Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts 17), pp. 71–93. Wien 2002.
* Early sources of concert symphonies in Kremsmünster 1762–1769. Music in the evolution of public sphere in the wake of Vienna (*German: Frühe Quellen von Konzertsinfonien in Kremsmünster 1762–1769. Zur Entwicklung musikalischer Öffentlichkeit im Einflußbereich Wiens*) In: Miscellanea Musicae. (Musicologica Austriaca 18), pp. 93–113. Wien 1999.
* Franz Bernhard Ritter von Keeß – Collector, patron and promoter. Vienna's musical life in the spirit of enlightenment (*German: Franz Bernhard Ritter von Keeß – Sammler, Mäzen und Organisator. Materialien zu Wiens Musikleben im Geist der Aufklärung*) In: Elisabeth Theresia Hilscher (ed.), Österreichische Musik – Musik in Österreich. Beiträge zur Musikgeschichte Mitteleuropas. (Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikwissenschaft 34), pp. 239–250. Tutzing 1998.
* Mozart's earliest concerto movement. The Pasticcio concertos K. 37, 39, 40 and 41 in context of contemporary Vienna (*German: Mozarts erster Konzertsatz. Die Pasticcio-Konzerte KV 37, 39, 40 und 41 im zeitgenössischen Wiener Kontext*). In: Joachim Brügge et al. (eds.), Musikgeschichte als Verstehensgeschichte, pp. 199214. Tutzing 2004.
* The Kremsier copies of W.A.Mozart's piano concertos (*German: Die Kremsierer Abschriften von Klavierkonzerten W.A. Mozarts*). In: Manfred Hermann Schmid (ed.), Mozart-Studien 17, pp. 215–238. Tutzing 2008.

#### From Richard Wagner to modern music

* Menacing innovation. Conservative views of music history in Vienna around 1900 (*German: Das bedrohliche Neue. Konservative Konzepte von Musikgeschichte in Wien um 1900*). In: Gerhard Anselm (ed.), Musikwissenschaft – eine verspätete Disziplin? Die akademische Musikforschung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts zwischen Fortschrittsglauben und Modernitätsverweigerung, pp. 119–127. Stuttgart 2000.
* Schoenberg's frightening innovations. Assumptions on a paradigm shift in aesthetics (*German: Schönbergs schreckliche Neuerungen. Thesen zu einem ästhetischen Paradigmenwechsel*). In: Petr Macek, Mikuláš Bek (eds..), Horror novitatis (Colloquium Musicologicum Brunense 37, 2002), pp. 111–116. Praha 2004.
* Schopenhauer, Freud, and the concept of deep structure in music. In: Martin Eybl, Evelyn Fink-Mennel (eds.), Schenker-Traditionen. Eine Wiener Schule der Musiktheorie und ihre internationale Verbreitung/A Viennese school of music theory and its international dissemination (Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte 6), pp. 5158. Vienna 2006.
* Expressivity versus adherence to the text. Seven observations on Heinrich Schenker's performance indications (*German: Texttreue und Expressivität. Sieben Beobachtungen zu Heinrich Schenkers Vortragshinweisen*). In: Markus Grassl, Reinhard Kapp (eds.), Die Lehre von der musikalischen Aufführung in der Wiener Schule. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Colloquiums Wien 1995 (Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte 3), pp. 411427. Vienna 2002.

#### Analysis and theory of music

* "Tota pulchra es" by Pieter Maessins. Purpose and notion of canon around 1550 (*German: "Tota pulchra es" von Pieter Maessins. Zu Begriff und Funktion des Canons um 1550*) In: Studien zur Musikwissenschaft 42, S. 34–52 (1993).
* Tonal music as a cross-linked patchwork. A catalog of attributes of harmonic tonality (*German: Tonale Musik als vernetztes Stückwerk. Ein Merkmalkatalog der harmonischen Tonalität*). In: Ariane Jeßulat, Andreas Ickstadt, Martin Ullrich (eds.), Zwischen Komposition und Hermeneutik, pp. 54–66.Würzburg 2005.
* Purpose and historical preconditions of Heinrich Schenker's analytics (*German: Zweckbestimmung und historische Voraussetzungen der Analytik Heinrich Schenkers*). In: Gernot Gruber (ed.), Zur Geschichte der musikalischen Analyse (Schriften zur musikalischen Hermeneutik 5), pp. 145–156. Laaber 1996.
* Archaeology of musical art: Heinrich Schenker's analyses of works by Mozart (*German: Archäologie der Tonkunst. Mozart-Analysen Heinrich Schenkers*). In: Gernot Gruber, Siegfried Mauser (eds.), Mozartanalyse im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert (Schriften zur musikalischen Hermeneutik 6), pp. 133–145. Laaber 1999.
* Grandiose cells of isolation and rattling fugue mechanism – Schenker's critique of his teacher Bruckner (*German: Grandiose Isolierzellen und rasselnde Fugenmechanik – Zu Schenkers Kritik an seinem Lehrer Bruckner*). In: Othmar Wessely (ed.), Bruckner-Symposion Linz 1988, Proceedings, pp. 137–145. Linz 1992.
* Exploring the perception of Magnus Lindberg's kinetics. An analytical dialogue (jointly with Tomi Mäkelä). In: Tomi Mäkelä (ed.), Topics. Texts. Tensions. Essays in Music Theory on Paavo Heininen, Joonas Kokkonen, Magnus Lindberg, Usko Meriläinen, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Kaija Saariaho & Aulis Sallinen, pp. 64–84. Magdeburg 1999.


title: Fluoroaspirin

abstract: Fluoroaspirin is the fluoroacetate ester of salicylic acid. It is the fluoroacetate analog of aspirin. Like other fluoroacetate esters, fluoroaspirin is highly toxic.

text:
# Fluoroaspirin

**Fluoroaspirin** is the fluoroacetate ester of salicylic acid. It is the fluoroacetate analog of aspirin. Like other fluoroacetate esters, fluoroaspirin is highly toxic.

## InfoBox

Fluoroaspirin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-\[(Fluoroacetyl)oxy\]benzoic acid | |
| Other names Fluoroacetylsalicylic acid,
*O*-(Fluoroacetyl)salicylic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C9H7FO4/c10-5-8(11)14-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9(12)13/h1-4H,5H2,(H,12,13)Key: ISJRKJAXVBVDDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * c1ccc(c(c1)C(=O)O)OC(=O)CF | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C9H7FO4 |
| Molar mass | 198.149 g·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| **Lethal dose** or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (median dose) | 15 mg/kg (mice, subcutaneous) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Fluoroboric acid

abstract: Fluoroboric acid or tetrafluoroboric acid is an inorganic compound with the simplified chemical formula H+[BF4]−. Solvent-free tetrafluoroboric acid (H[BF4]) has not been reported. The term "fluoroboric acid" usually refers to a range of compounds including hydronium tetrafluoroborate ([H3O]+[BF4]−), which are available as solutions. The ethyl ether solvate is also commercially available, where the fluoroboric acid can be represented by the formula [H(2O)n]+[BF4]−, where n is 2. It is mainly produced as a precursor to other fluoroborate salts. It is a strong acid. Fluoroboric acid is corrosive and attacks the skin. It is available commercially as a solution in water and other solvents such as diethyl ether. It is a strong acid with a weakly coordinating, non-oxidizing conjugate base. It is structurally similar to perchloric acid, but lacks the hazards associated with oxidants.

text:
# Fluoroboric acid

**Fluoroboric acid** or **tetrafluoroboric acid** (archaically, **fluoboric acid**) is an inorganic compound with the simplified chemical formula +\[4\]. Solvent-free tetrafluoroboric acid (H\[BF4\]) has not been reported. The term "fluoroboric acid" usually refers to a range of compounds including hydronium tetrafluoroborate (\[H3O\]+\[BF4\]), which are available as solutions. The ethyl ether solvate is also commercially available, where the fluoroboric acid can be represented by the formula \[H((CH3CH2)2O)*n*\]+\[BF4\], where *n* is 2.

It is mainly produced as a precursor to other fluoroborate salts. It is a strong acid. Fluoroboric acid is corrosive and attacks the skin. It is available commercially as a solution in water and other solvents such as diethyl ether. It is a strong acid with a weakly coordinating, non-oxidizing conjugate base. It is structurally similar to perchloric acid, but lacks the hazards associated with oxidants.

## Structure and production

Pure H\[BF4\] has not been described. The same holds true for the superacids that are known by the simplified formulas H\[PF6\] and H\[SbF6\]. However, a solution of BF3 in HF is highly acidic, having an approximate speciation of \[H2F\]+\[BF4\] (fluoronium tetrafluoroborate) and a Hammett acidity function of −16.6 at 7 mol % BF3, easily qualifying as a superacid. Although the solvent-free H\[BF4\] has not been isolated, its solvates are well characterized. These salts consist of protonated solvent as a cation, e.g., H3O+ and H5O+2, and the tetrahedral BF4 anion. The anion and cations are strongly hydrogen-bonded.

Aqueous solutions of H\[BF4\] are produced by dissolving boric acid in aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Three equivalents of HF react to give the intermediate boron trifluoride and the fourth gives fluoroboric acid:

B(OH)3 \+ 4 HF → H3O+ \+ BF4 \+ 2 H2O

An anhydrous fluoroboric acid solution can be prepared by adding aqueous fluoroboric acid to an excess of acetic anhydride at 0°C, which produces a solution of fluoroboric acid, acetic acid, and residual acetic anhydride.

### Acidity

The acidity of fluoroboric acid is complicated by the fact that its name refers to a range of different compounds, e.g. \[H(CH3CH2)2O\]+\[BF4\] (dimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate), \[H3O\]+\[BF4\] (oxonium tetrafluoroborate), and HF·BF3 (hydrogen fluoride-boron trifluoride 1:1 adduct) – each with a different acidity. The aqueous p*K*a is quoted as −0.44. Titration of \[N((CH2)3CH3)4\]+\[BF4\] (tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate) in acetonitrile solution indicates that H\[BF4\], i.e., HF·BF3, has a p*K*a of 1.6 in that solvent. Its acidity is thus comparable to that of fluorosulfonic acid.

## Applications

Fluoroboric acid is the principal precursor to fluoroborate salts, which are typically prepared by treating the metal oxides with fluoroboric acid. The inorganic salts are intermediates in the manufacture of flame-retardant materials and glazing frits, and in electrolytic generation of boron. H\[BF4\] is also used in aluminum etching and acid pickling.

### Organic chemistry

H\[BF4\] is used as a catalyst for alkylations and polymerizations. In carbohydrate protection reactions, ethereal fluoroboric acid is an efficient and cost-effective catalyst for transacetalation and isopropylidenation reactions. Acetonitrile solutions cleave acetals and some ethers. Many reactive cations have been obtained using fluoroboric acid, e.g. tropylium tetrafluoroborate (C7H7+\[BF4\]), triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate (Ph3C\]+\[BF4\]), triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (Et3O\]+\[BF4\]), and benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (\[PhN2\]+\[BF4\]).

### Electroplating

Solutions of H\[BF4\] are used in the electroplating of tin and tin alloys. In this application, methanesulfonic acid is displacing the use of H\[BF4\]. Fluoroboric acid is also used for high-speed electroplating of copper in fluoroborate baths.

## Safety

Fluoroboric acid is toxic and attacks skin and eyes. It attacks glass. It hydrolyzes, releasing corrosive, volatile hydrogen fluoride.

## Other fluoroboric acids

A series of fluoroboric acids is known in aqueous solutions. The series can be presented as follows:

* H+\[B(OH)4\] (hydrogen tetrahydroxyborate) (not a fluoroboric acid)
* H+\[BF(OH)3\] (hydrogen fluoro(trihydroxy)borate)
* H+\[BF2(OH)2\] (hydrogen difluoro(dihydroxy)borate)
* H+\[BF3(OH)\] (hydrogen trifluoro(hydroxy)borate)
* H+\[BF4\] (hydrogen tetrafluoroborate)

## Further reading

* Albert, R.; Dax, K.; Pleschko, R.; Stütz, A. E. (1985). "Tetrafluoroboric acid, an efficient catalyst in carbohydrate protection and deprotection reactions". *Carbohydrate Research*. **137**: 282–290. doi:10.1016/0008-6215(85)85171-5.
* Bandgar, B. P.; Patil, A. V.; Chavan, O. S. (2006). "Silica supported fluoroboric acid as a novel, efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines under solvent-free conditions". *Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical*. **256** (1–2): 99–105. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2006.04.024.
* Heintz, R. A.; Smith, J. A.; Szalay, P. S.; Weisgerber, A.; Dunbar, K. R. (2002). *Homoleptic Transition Metal Acetonitrile Cations with Tetrafluoroborate or Trifluoromethanesulfonate Anions*. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 33. pp. 75–83. doi:10.1002/0471224502. ISBN 9780471208259.
* Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). *Inorganic Chemistry* (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.
* Meller, A. (1988). "Boron". *Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry*. Vol. 3. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 301–310.
* Perry, D. L.; Phillips, S. L. (1995). *Handbook of Inorganic Compounds* (1st ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 1203. ISBN 9780849386718.
* Wamser, C. A. (1948). "Hydrolysis of Fluoboric Acid in Aqueous Solution". *Journal of the American Chemical Society*. **70** (3): 1209–1215. doi:10.1021/ja01183a101.
* Wilke-Dörfurt, E.; Balz, G. (1927). "Zur Kenntnis der Borfluorwasserstoffsäure und ihrer Salze". *Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie*. **159** (1): 197–225. doi:10.1002/zaac.19271590118.

## InfoBox

Fluoroboric acid
|
Hydronium tetrafluoroborate | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Tetrafluoroboric acid | |
| Other names * Fluoboric acid * Fluoroboric acid * Hydrogen tetrafluoroborate * Oxonium tetrafluoroboranuide * Oxonium tetrafluoridoborate(1-) * Oxonium tetrafluoroborate | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | * 14219-41-1 (\[H3O\]+\[BF4\]) N * 16872-11-0 (solvent free) Y * 80628-99-5 (\[H5O2\]+\[BF4\]) N |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.037.165 |
| EC Number | * 240-898-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 21702 |
| MeSH | Fluoroboric+acid |
| PubChem CID |  |
| RTECS number | * ED2685000 |
| UNII |  |
| UN number | 1775 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/BF4H/c2-1(3,4)5/h2H NKey: YKRRMQXMWYXWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N | |
| SMILES * F\[B-\](F)(F)\[FH+\] * \[H+\].F\[B-\](F)(F)F | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | H\[BF4\] |
| Molar mass | 87.81 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
| Melting point | −90 °C (−130 °F; 183 K) |
| Boiling point | 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K) |
| Acidity (p*K*a) | ~1.8 (MeCN solution) |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Danger** |
| Hazard statements | H314 |
| Precautionary statements | P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501 |
| **NFPA 704** (fire diamond) |  |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: The Spring of Orahovica

abstract: The Spring of Orahovica is a cultural and tourist festival in the Virovitica-Podravina County in Slavonia, Croatia. Held annually at the beginning of June, the six-day event celebrates Orahovica, a tourist destination in the county, and officially marks the beginning of the summer tourist season.

text:
# The Spring of Orahovica

**The Spring of Orahovica** (Croatian: Orahovačko proljeće) is a cultural and tourist festival in the Virovitica-Podravina County in Slavonia, Croatia. Held annually at the beginning of June, the six-day event celebrates Orahovica, a tourist destination in the county, and officially marks the beginning of the summer tourist season.

## Flower Parade

The Spring of Orahovica traces its origins to the Flower Parade, an event that originated in 1957. Today, the Flower Parade is made up of a series of events that are held on the last day of the celebration, which always falls on the first Sunday of June. The procession is organized along the town’s main street. With children costumed as flowers, cultural clubs wearing folk costumes, and a brass marching band, the parade represents the historical, natural, and cultural riches of the town. After the parade, there is a folklore festival, which marks the end of the event.

## Program

For sports aficionados, basketball, handball, indoor-football, bowling, chess and horseback riding tournaments are held every day. The local hiking club promotes hiking and alpinism by installing an artificial mountain and a photography display.There are also exhibitions of the local painters, whose work reflects the history and culture of Orahovica. A display of needlework and dishes characteristic of this part of Croatia are also included in the exhibition. Since orchards and vineyards are an integral part of the life in Slavonia, fruit-growers and viticulturists present their products and offer a tasting in the town’s central park. Friday and Saturday evenings are reserved for the entertainment programs, such as theatrical and folklore performances, and pop and rock concerts.


title: Martin Reynolds (athlete)

abstract: Martin Edward Reynolds is a former British track and field athlete who competed mainly in the 200 metres.

text:
# Martin Reynolds (athlete)

**Martin Edward Reynolds** (born 22 February 1949) is a former British track and field athlete who competed mainly in the 200 metres.

## Athletics career

He competed for Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Germany where he won the silver medal with his team mates Alan Pascoe, David Hemery and David Jenkins in the men's 4x400 metres relay event.

He had to switch to the 400 metres in the Olympic year which was also the year of his final exams at university. He competed in more 400 metres events at Munich than he had done in his entire career up to that point.

He represented England and won a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay, at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.

## InfoBox

Martin Reynolds
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 22 February 1949 |
| Medal record      Men's Athletics  Representing   Great Britain   Olympic Games  1972 Munich 4x400 m relay  Summer Universiade  1970 Turin 200 m  Representing  England  Commonwealth Games  1970 Edinburgh  4x100 m relay | |


title: Martin Verkerk

abstract: Martin Willem Verkerk is a retired professional Dutch tennis player. He reached the final of the French Open in 2003 and achieved a career-high singles ranking of No. 14 in September 2003. During his career, he won two ATP singles titles.

text:
# Martin Verkerk

**Martin Willem Verkerk** (born 31 October 1978) is a retired professional Dutch tennis player. He reached the final of the French Open in 2003 and achieved a career-high singles ranking of No. 14 in September 2003. During his career, he won two ATP singles titles.

## Early life

Verkerk began playing tennis at the age of seven, playing in local tournaments and training with his parents. He played in a tennis facility in his hometown of Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands, where his talent was recognized by local coaches, and he soon had the opportunity to train with many better players. He later won the 18 and Under Dutch title in 1995.

## Career

In 2003, playing in only his third Grand Slam event and ranked 46, Verkerk reached the final of the French Open. Along the way, he beat Željko Krajan, Luis Horna, Vince Spadea and Rainer Schüttler before overcoming experienced clay court players Carlos Moyá (seeded 4th) and Guillermo Coria (seeded 7th). In the final, he lost to Spaniard Juan Carlos Ferrero in straight sets.

His unexpected run at the French Open as an underdog and his expressive on-court antics made him popular in the Netherlands. The final was watched by even more households in the Netherlands than when his countryman Richard Krajicek won Wimbledon in 1996.  However, hampered by various injuries and mononucleosis, Verkerk was unable to reproduce similar results during the rest of his career, never advancing beyond the third round in any subsequent Grand Slams.

During his career, he won two titles and reached the quarter-finals of the 2003 Rome Masters. Verkerk played a close match against Roger Federer at the 2003 Paris Masters, losing in three tiebreak sets after holding four match points.

## Playing style

Verkerk's game was based on powerful serves and backhands. He used a single-handed backhand and his favorite surface was clay.

## Grand Slam finals

### Singles (1 runner-up)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 2003 | French Open | Clay | Juan Carlos Ferrero | 1–6, 3–6, 2–6 |

## ATP career finals

### Singles: 4 (2 titles, 2 runner-ups)

| Legend  Grand Slam Tournaments (0–1)  ATP World Tour Finals (0–0)  ATP Masters Series (0–0)  ATP Championship Series (0–0)  ATP World Series (2–1) | Finals by surface  Hard (0–0)  Clay (1–2)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (1–0) | Finals by setting  Outdoors (1–2)  Indoors (1–0) |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | Feb 2003 | Milan, Italy | World Series | Carpet | Yevgeny Kafelnikov | 6–4, 5–7, 7–5 |
| Loss | 1–1 | May 2003 | Paris, France | Grand Slam | Clay | Juan Carlos Ferrero | 1–6, 3–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 1–2 | May 2004 | Munich, Germany | International Series | Clay | Nikolay Davydenko | 4–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 2–2 | Jul 2004 | Amersfoort, Netherlands | International Series | Clay | Fernando González | 7–6(7–5), 4–6, 6–4 |

### Doubles: 2 (2 runner-ups)

| Legend  Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0)  ATP World Tour Finals (0–0)  ATP Masters Series (0–0)  ATP Championship Series (0–0)  ATP World Series (0–2) | Finals by surface  Hard (0–2)  Clay (0–0)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (0–0) | Finals by setting  Outdoors (0–2)  Indoors (0–0) |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Sep 2002 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | International Series | Hard | Raemon Sluiter | David Adams
Robbie Koenig | 2–6, 5–7 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Mar 2003 | Delray Beach, United States | International Series | Hard | Raemon Sluiter | Nenad Zimonjić
Leander Paes | 5–7, 6–3, 5–7 |

## ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals

### Singles: 20 (10–10)

| Legend  ATP Challenger (4–7)  ITF Futures (6–3) | Finals by surface  Hard (3–4)  Clay (6–5)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (1–1) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1-0 | Apr 1999 | France F3, Melun | Futures | Carpet | Gregory Girault | 7–6, 6–4 |
| Win | 2-0 | Jun 1999 | Germany F5, Augsburg | Futures | Clay | Diego Moyano | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 3-0 | Jun 1999 | Germany F6, Trier | Futures | Clay | Diego Moyano | 6–2, 6–0 |
| Loss | 3-1 | Jul 1999 | Scheveningen, Netherlands | Challenger | Clay | Emilio Benfele Álvarez | 3–6, 6–3, 2–3 ret. |
| Win | 4-1 | Oct 2000 | USA F23, waco | Futures | Hard | Simon Larose | 6–1, 6–2 |
| Loss | 4-2 | Apr 2001 | USA F7, Mobile | Futures | Hard | Michael Russell | 6–4, 1–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 4-3 | Apr 2001 | USA F8, Little Rock | Futures | Hard | Fredrik Jonsson | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 4-4 | Jun 2001 | Germany F5, Trier | Futures | Clay | Christian Kordasz | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 4-5 | Jul 2001 | Eisenach, Germany | Challenger | Clay | Oliver Gross | 7–5, 2–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 4-6 | Sep 2001 | Aschaffenburg, Germany | Challenger | Clay | Simon Greul | 6–7(5–7), 2–6 |
| Loss | 4-7 | Jan 2002 | Waikoloa, United States | Challenger | Hard | James Blake | 2–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 4-8 | Feb 2002 | Dallas, United States | Challenger | Hard | Jeff Morrison | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 5-8 | Jun 2002 | Turin, Italy | Challenger | Clay | Vadim Kutsenko | 4–6, 6–4, 6–3 |
| Loss | 5-9 | Jul 2002 | Ulm, Germany | Challenger | Clay | Oliver Gross | 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 3–6 |
| Win | 6-9 | Nov 2002 | Knoxville, United States | Challenger | Hard | Mardy Fish | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Loss | 6-10 | Feb 2003 | Lübeck, Germany | Challenger | Carpet | Alexander Waske | 6–7(3–7), 3–6 |
| Win | 7-10 | Jul 2003 | Hilversum, Netherlands | Challenger | Clay | John Van Lottum | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 8-10 | Mar 2008 | Canada F2, Montreal | Futures | Hard | Florin Mergea | 6–7(8–10), 7–6(11–9), 6–4 |
| Win | 9-10 | Apr 2008 | Athens, Greece | Challenger | Clay | Adrian Cruciat | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 10-10 | Jul 2008 | Germany F9, Kassel | Futures | Clay | Felipe Parada | 6–4, 7–6(13–11) |

### Doubles: 7 (3–4)

| Legend  ATP Challenger (3–1)  ITF Futures (0–3) | Finals by surface  Hard (1–1)  Clay (2–2)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (0–1) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Feb 1998 | Great Britain F2, Chigwell | Futures | Carpet | Martijn Belgraver | Barry Cowan
Tom Spinks | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | May 1998 | Germany F7, Augsburg | Futures | Clay | Martijn Belgraver | Sascha Bandermann
James Greenhalgh | 3–6, 7–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 0–3 | May 1999 | Italy F6, Viterbo | Futures | Clay | Kepler Orellana | Daniele Bracciali
Filippo Messori | 1–6, 7–5, 4–6 |
| Win | 1–3 | Jun 2002 | Eisenach, Germany | Challenger | Clay | Edwin Kempes | Marcos Daniel
Adrián García | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 2–3 | Jul 2002 | Scheveningen, Netherlands | Challenger | Clay | Edwin Kempes | Mariano Hood
Sebastián Prieto | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Win | 3–3 | Nov 2002 | Knoxville, United States | Challenger | Hard | Dmitry Tursunov | Hugo Armando
Sergio Roitman | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Loss | 3–4 | Nov 2002 | Champaign-Urbana, United States | Challenger | Hard | Eric Taino | Gabriel Trifu
Glenn Weiner | 3–6, 2–6 |

## Performance timelines

Key
| **W** | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

### Singles

| Tournament | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | SR | W–L | Win% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Grand Slam tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Australian Open | Q1 | 1R | 1R | A | A | A | 0 / 2 | 0–2 | 0% |
| French Open | Q3 |  | 3R | A | A | 1R | 0 / 3 | 8–3 | 73% |
| Wimbledon | A | 1R | 2R | A | A | A | 0 / 2 | 1–2 | 33% |
| US Open | 1R | 2R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 2 | 1–2 | 33% |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 7–4 | 3–3 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0 / 9 | 10–9 | 53% |
| **ATP World Tour Masters 1000** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indian Wells | A | A | 2R | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Miami | 1R | 2R | 2R | A | A | 1R | 0 / 4 | 1–4 | 20% |
| Monte Carlo | A | 1R | 2R | A | A | 1R | 0 / 3 | 1–3 | 25% |
| Hamburg | A | A | 1R | A | A | 1R | 0 / 2 | 0–2 | 0% |
| Rome | A | QF | 2R | A | A | 1R | 0 / 3 | 4–3 | 57% |
| Madrid | A | 2R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Canada | A | 2R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 1–1 | 50% |
| Cincinnati | Q2 | 1R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Paris | A | 3R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 1–1 | 50% |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 6–7 | 2–5 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–4 | 0 / 17 | 8–17 | 32% |

### Doubles

| Tournament | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | SR | W–L | Win% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Grand Slam tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Australian Open | A | 1R | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| French Open | 2R | 2R | A | A | 2R | 0 / 3 | 3–3 | 50% |
| Wimbledon | 1R | 2R | A | A | 1R | 0 / 3 | 1–3 | 25% |
| US Open | 2R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 1–1 | 50% |
| Win–loss | 2–3 | 2–3 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 0 / 8 | 5–8 | 38% |
| **ATP World Tour Masters 1000** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indian Wells | A | 1R | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Miami | A | 1R | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Madrid | SF | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 2–1 | 67% |
| Cincinnati | 1R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Win–loss | 2–2 | 0–2 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0 / 4 | 2–4 | 33% |

## InfoBox

Martin Verkerk
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Netherlands |
| Residence | Alphen a/d Rijn, Netherlands |
| Born | (1978-10-31) 31 October 1978
Leiderdorp, Netherlands |
| Height | 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) |
| Turned pro | 1996 |
| Retired | 2008 |
| Plays | Right-handed (one-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | 1,564,520 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 59–70 |
| Career titles | 2 |
| Highest ranking | No. 14 (15 September 2003) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (2003, 2004) |
| French Open | F (2003) |
| Wimbledon | 2R (2004) |
| US Open | 2R (2003) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 24–37 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 63 (3 November 2003) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (2004) |
| French Open | 2R (2003, 2004, 2007) |
| Wimbledon | 2R (2004) |
| US Open | 2R (2003) |
| Last updated on: 28 January 2022. | |


title: Martin Guldan

abstract: Martin Guldan is a Slovak football striker who currently plays for SC Volksbank Marchegg. In February 2008, he was on trial in U.S. Lecce.

text:
# Martin Guldan

**Martin Guldan** (born 3 September 1990) is a Slovak football striker who currently plays for SC Volksbank Marchegg.

In February 2008, he was on trial in U.S. Lecce.

## InfoBox

Martin Guldan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Martin Guldan | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-09-03) 3 September 1990 | | |
| Place of birth | Trnava, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SC Volksbank Marchegg | | |
| Number | 7 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Spartak Trnava | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007–2012 | Spartak Trnava | 34 | (7) |
| 2009 | Lučenec (loan) |  |  |
| 2012 | ŠKF Sereď (loan) | 13 | (0) |
| 2012– | SC Volksbank Marchegg | 11 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2008–2009 | Slovakia U-19 | 11 | (4) |
| 2010 | Slovakia U-21 | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 12 July 2012<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 24 November 2010 | | | |


title: Martin Gullan

abstract: Martin Stirling Gullan was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Martin Gullan

**Martin Stirling Gullan** (5 October 1876 – 1 August 1939) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Martin Gullan | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Martin Stirling Gullan | | |
| Date of birth | (1876-10-05)5 October 1876 | | |
| Place of birth | Ballarat, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 1 August 1939(1939-08-01) (aged 62) | | |
| Place of death | Ballarat, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Ballarat | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1900 | South Melbourne | 2 (1) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1900. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Martin Gumpert

abstract: Martin Gumpert was a German-born physician, dermatologist, medical historian, and author. Born in Berlin to a family of doctors, Gumpert pursued a medical career, specializing in dermatology and medical history. His early life was marked by service as a medical orderly during World War I and academic pursuits in Berlin and Heidelberg, culminating in a dissertation on syphilis in 1923. A left-wing social activist and trade unionist, Gumpert also engaged in expressionist poetry and literature.

text:
# Martin Gumpert

**Martin Gumpert** (13 November 1897 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born physician, dermatologist, medical historian, and author. Born in Berlin to a family of doctors, Gumpert pursued a medical career, specializing in dermatology and medical history. His early life was marked by service as a medical orderly during World War I and academic pursuits in Berlin and Heidelberg, culminating in a dissertation on syphilis in 1923. A left-wing social activist and trade unionist, Gumpert also engaged in expressionist poetry and literature.

## Early life

Gumpert was born on 13 November 1897 in Berlin to his parents Ely, a doctor, and Elise. In 1923 he married Charlotte Blaschko, also a doctor, who died of tuberculosis in 1933. The couple had a daughter, Nina, who was born in around 1927.

Gumpert trained as a doctor in Berlin and Heidelberg, working as a medical orderly during the First World War. His 1923 dissertation was on the history of syphilis, and he went on to write texts on pediatrics and developmental deformity. He studied in Paris in 1928.

Gumpert was a left-wing social activist and trade unionist and published expressionist poetry.

## 1933 to 1936

In 1933 Gumpert was forced out of his medical position by the Nazi rise to power. Over the next few years he wrote several texts of literature and the history of science and medicine. He was further excluded from the association of German writers, the Reichsverband deutscher Schriftsteller as a Jew in 1935 and emigrated to the United States in 1936.

## United States career

Gumpert opened a dermatology practice in New York in 1936 and became a US citizen in 1942. During these years Gumpert became a friend of the siblings Erika and Klaus Mann and in 1949 visited their father Thomas Mann in Germany. Thomas Mann used Gumpert's medical knowledge on the course of syphilis in writing his novel *Doktor Faustus.*

From 1952 Gumpert edited the gerontology journal *Lifetime Living* and worked as a geriatrician at the Jewish Memorial Hospital, New York.

Gumpert continued to write about the exile experience in poems and literary publications.

Gumpert died on 18 April 1955.

## Literary works

* *Hahnemann Biographie*, 1934
* *Das Leben für die Idee*, 1935
* *Dunant: The Story of the Red Cross*, 1938 (translated by Whittaker Chambers)
* *Hell in Paradise*, 1939
* *Heil Hunger!*, 1940
* *You are younger than you think*, 1944
* *First Papers* 1945 Preface by Thomas Mann, Dell, Sloan & Pearce, New York
* *Hahnemann; The Adventurous Career of a Medical Rebel* 1945, LB Fischer, New York
* *Birthday*, 1947
* *The Anatomy of Happiness*, 1951, McGraw-Hill
* *You and Your Doctor*, 1952, Bobbs-Merrill

## Biographical references in German

* Karin Geiger: *Der diagnostische Blick – Martin Gumpert als Arzt, Medizinhistoriker und ärztlicher Schriftsteller*. Gardez!-Verlag, Remscheid 2004, ISBN 3-89796-145-8 (Dissertation, University of Münster 2003)
* Jutta Ittner: *Augenzeuge im Dienst der Wahrheit. Leben und literarisches Werk Martin Gumperts (1897-1955)*. Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 1998, ISBN 3-89528-170-0 (Dissertation, University of Hamburg 1994)
* Ulrike Keim: *Ein außergewöhnliches Leben in zwei Welten – Der Arzt, Dichter, Forscher und Schriftsteller Martin Gumpert*. Hentrich und Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2022, ISBN 978-3-95565-544-0
* Markwart Michler: *Gumpert, Martin.* In: *Neue Deutsche Biographie* (NDB). Band 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5, p. 306.
* Doina Rosenberg: *Martin Gumpert – Arzt und Schriftsteller*. Dissertation, FU Berlin 2000
* Heinz Saueressig: *Im Winkel der Medizingeschichte. Der Lebensweg des Dermatologen Martin Gumpert*. Basotherm Förderkreis, Biberach an der Riss 1987. 20 pages.
* Andreas Wittbrodt: *Ein gebildeter Sozialarzt. Die Lebensform des Migranten Martin Gumpert in Berlin und New York im Spiegel der Autobiographik*. In: *Emigrantenschicksale. Einfluss der jüdischen Emigranten auf Sozialpolitik und Wissenschaft in den Aufnahmeländern*. Frankfurt am Main 2004, p155–167


title: Flying 20 Club

abstract: The Flying 20 Club is one of the oldest continuously active flying clubs in the United States. It is based at Danbury Municipal Airport in Danbury, Connecticut.

text:
# Flying 20 Club

The **Flying 20 Club** is one of the oldest continuously active flying clubs in the United States. It is based at Danbury Municipal Airport in Danbury, Connecticut.

## History

The club was originally incorporated on June 22, 1940 by 20 members who each put up $20 toward the purchase of a Piper J-2 Cub. Since then, the club has owned several aircraft throughout its history from both Cessna and Piper, and currently owns two Piper Archers and one Piper Dakota. The number of members has ranged from the original 20 up to approximately 50.

On September 12, 2007, the club lost one of its planes due to a fire that destroyed the old Reliant Air hangar. Notable for being a part of history, the hangar was witness to the start of Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight. The club has since replaced the destroyed aircraft with a 2000 Piper Archer III.

## Current fleet

Flying 20 Club Fleet
| Aircraft | Registration |
| --- | --- |
| Piper Archer II | N8237B |
| Piper Archer III | N455H |
| Piper Dakota | N8107B |

## Special Events

On June 22, 2015, the club celebrated its 75th anniversary of continuous operation.

## Operations

Members are able to schedule any of the three current planes from an online reservation system with as little or as much advance as they desire. Prospective members may be given a demonstration flight by one of the current members at a reduced rate. All new members are voted on by the club members at the monthly meetings and must be given a checkout flight by one of the club-approved flight instructors. This ensures that everyone in the club is competent and proficient to fly, and helps maintain a trust among the club members.

All club aircraft are meticulously maintained, and during the summer months (generally May through September) a "Wash 'n Wax" event is held just prior to that month's meeting. This provides a social aspect to the club and allows members to meet each other while keeping the aircraft clean. In addition, many club members arrange "Fly-out" events with other members as a way to share their passion (and flight cost) with others.

In addition to daily reservations, each member is entitled to reserve a plane for an extended period of time. Specifically, one reservation per month for an entire weekend, one reservation per year during the summer months for up to 10 consecutive days and one reservation per year during non-summer months for up to 14 consecutive days.

As a result of popular discussion by the club members, a "Pinch Hitter" program was established to teach the members' significant others and flying partners how to fly, navigate, and land the aircraft should the pilot become incapacitated. The program includes both basic ground and flight instruction to the participants.

## InfoBox

Flying 20 Club
|
|  |
| Formation | June 22, 1940 |
| Location |  |
| Website | flying20club.org |


title: Martin Sherman

abstract: Martin Gerald Sherman is an American dramatist and screenwriter best known for his 20 stage plays which have been produced in over 60 countries. He rose to fame in 1979 with the production of his play Bent, which explores the persecution of homosexuals during the Holocaust. Bent was a Tony nominee for Best Play in 1980 and won the Dramatists Guild's Hull-Warriner Award. It was adapted by Sherman for a major motion picture in 1997 and later by independent sources as a ballet in Brazil. Sherman is Jewish and openly gay, and many of his works dramatize "outsiders," dealing with the discrimination and marginalization of minorities whether "gay, female, foreign, disabled, different in religion, class or color." He has lived and worked in London since 1980.

text:
# Martin Sherman

**Martin Gerald Sherman** (born December 22, 1938) is an American dramatist and screenwriter best known for his 20 stage plays which have been produced in over 60 countries. He rose to fame in 1979 with the production of his play *Bent*, which explores the persecution of homosexuals during the Holocaust. *Bent* was a Tony nominee for Best Play in 1980 and won the Dramatists Guild's Hull-Warriner Award. It was adapted by Sherman for a major motion picture in 1997 and later by independent sources as a ballet in Brazil. Sherman is Jewish and openly gay, and many of his works dramatize "outsiders," dealing with the discrimination and marginalization of minorities whether "gay, female, foreign, disabled, different in religion, class or color." He has lived and worked in London since 1980.

## Life and career

### Early life

Sherman was an only child, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Russian Jewish immigrants, Julia (née Shapiro) and Joseph T. Sherman, an attorney. Growing up in Camden, New Jersey, he was first introduced to the theater at age six, when he saw a pre-Broadway version of *Guys and Dolls* (1950). Sherman's parents encouraged his passion. In an interview with London *Times* writer Sheridan Morley in 1983, Sherman recalled, "At 12 I joined the Mae Desmond Children's Players and went all around Pennsylvania being a tall dwarf in *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*." As a young teen, Sherman despised school, but consoled himself by often taking the bus into Philadelphia to see plays. "I was the only kid in junior high school to have seen *Camino Real*," he told interviewer Matt Wolf.

In 1956 Sherman enrolled at Boston University College of Fine Arts, where he earned a BFA in dramatic arts. Upon graduating in 1960, he moved to New York City, where he studied at the Actors Studio under the legendary director Harold Clurman. Sherman credits this experience with shaping his technique as a playwright, explaining "all my plays are written for actors". After spending several years in New York, Sherman was appointed playwright in residence at Mills College in Oakland, California, where his rock musical, *A Solitary Thing*, premiered in 1963.

### Professional career

Sherman returned to New York City in the mid-1960s where he wrote *Fat Tuesday* (1966), *Next Year in Jerusalem* (1968), and *The Night Before Paris* (1969). *Things Went Badly in Westphalia*which takes its name from a line in Voltaire's *Candide* was next, and became Sherman's first published play when the dramatic rock musical was included in *The Best Short Plays of 1970*. In the 1970s, Sherman traveled to London where he worked with the founding members of the Gay Sweatshop.

After more than a decade of writing plays, Sherman found widespread fame in 1979 with his first blockbuster hit, *Bent*. First produced in London's West End starring Ian McKellen, the play tells the story of Max, a gay man in Berlin during the Weimar Republic. After Max and his boyfriend are forced to flee the city following the Night of the Long Knives, the two live in hiding for two years before being captured by the Gestapo and sent to a concentration camp. The play was considered extremely controversial. Despite the uproar, *Bent* transferred to Broadway, where it starred Richard Gere and became an instant hit, being nominated for a Tony Award. Following the success of this production, Sherman moved to London.

Despite his status as an expatriate, Sherman continued to write successfully for both the British and the American stage. He had great success with his re-write of the book for the musical *The Boy from Oz*, based on Peter Allen's life and career, earning him a second Tony nomination. He has had a number of plays staged in the West End, including *Messiah* (1982) with Maureen Lipman, *A Madhouse In Goa* (1989) with Vanessa Redgrave and Rupert Graves, *When She Danced* (1991) with Vanessa Redgrave, Oleg Menshikov and Frances de la Tour and *Onassis* (2010) with Robert Lindsay. His play *Some Sunny Day* premiered at the Hampstead Theatre in 1996, with Rupert Everett and Corin Redgrave. He found success in the genre of one-woman plays with *Rose,* which was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play when it premiered in London in 1999. The show transferred to Broadway the following year, where it starred Olympia Dukakis. His most recent play, *Gently Down The Stream*, premiered at the Public Theatre in New York in 2017, directed by Sean Mathias and starring Harvey Fierstein.

In 2003, Franco Zeffirelli directed Sherman's adaptation of Luigi Pirandello's *Right You Are, if You Think So*. The pair retitled the work *Absolutely! {perhaps}* when it premiered at the Wyndham Theatre on London's West End where it was nominated that year for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival. Following that critical acclaim, Sherman also premiered stage adaptations of the novels *A Passage to India* by E.M. Forster and *The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone* by Tennessee Williams. He also found success as a screenwriter in the 1990s. Sherman adapted *Bent* for the big screen in 1997 with the help of director Sean Mathias and starring such actors as Clive Owen, Ian McKellen, and Mick Jagger.

Other film titles include *Clothes in the Wardrobe* in 1992 (released in the US as *The Summer House*, 1993), an adaptation of Alice Thomas Ellis's novel, with Jeanne Moreau, Joan Plowright, Julie Walters and Lena Headey, *Alive and Kicking* (1996), directed by Nancy Meckler, with Jason Flemyng, Antony Sher, Dorothy Tutin and Bill Nighy, as well as a collaboration with Franco Zeffirelli on *Callas Forever* (2002), a biographical film of opera star Maria Callas, with Fanny Ardant and Jeremy Irons. Sherman also wrote *The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone* (2003), a made-for-TV movie directed by Robert Allan Ackerman, with Helen Mirren, Anne Bancroft and Olivier Martinez, and *Mrs Henderson Presents* (2005), the tale of an eccentric World War I widow, Laura Henderson, who buys the old Windmill Theatre in London and relaunches it as a venue for female all nude revues. The latter starred Judi Dench, Bob Hoskins, and Christopher Guest, and was directed by Stephen Frears. It earned Sherman a nomination for a British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award for Best Original Screenplay.

## Works

Theatre productions Films Television Acting roles * *Indian Summer* (1996)

Publications * *Bent*, S. French, 1979
* *Messiah*, Amber Lane, 1982
* *Cracks*, S. French, 1986
* *When She Danced*, Amber Lane, 1988; S. French, 1988
* *A Madhouse in Goa*, Amber Lane, 1989; S. French, 1998
* *Some Sunny Day*, Amber Lane, 1996
* *Rose*, Methuen, 1999
* "Things Went Badly in Westphalia," in *The Best Short Plays of 1970*, 1970
* "Passing By," in *Gay Plays, Volume 1*, 1984

Kevin De Ornellas, "Martin Sherman". In Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Sprinchorn, eds, The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama, 2 volumes (Columbia University Press, 2007), volume 2, pp. 1235-36. ISBN: 9780231140324.

## InfoBox

| Martin Sherman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Martin Gerald Sherman
(1938-12-22) December 22, 1938
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Occupation | Playwright, screenwriter |
| Education | Boston University College of Fine Arts
BFA, Dramatic Arts (1960)
the Actors Studio |
| Notable works |  |
| Notable awards | **Dramatists Guild**
Hull-Warriner Award (1980)
**Tony Award nominations:**
*Bent* (1980)
*The Boy from Oz* (2003)
**Laurence Olivier Award nomination:**
*Rose* (2000) |


title: The Simple Life (1998 TV series)

abstract: The Simple Life is an American sitcom television series starring Judith Light which aired on CBS from June 3 until July 8, 1998. The series stars Judith Light as a Martha Stewart-like TV star, who decides to move her TV show from Manhattan to a rustic farm in upstate New York.

text:
# The Simple Life (1998 TV series)

***The Simple Life*** is an American sitcom television series starring Judith Light which aired on CBS from June 3 until July 8, 1998. The series stars Judith Light as a Martha Stewart-like TV star, who decides to move her TV show from Manhattan to a rustic farm in upstate New York.

## Premise

Judith Light stars in the series as Sara Campbell, the host of her own cooking show, who decides to leave Manhattan and move her show to a country farm. A divorcée, Sara moves her daughter Freddi and mother Muriel to rural upstate New York to live what she preaches — a simpler life. But as they soon learn, life there is anything but simple. Sara finds herself in constant conflict with foreman Luke Barton, who is raising his late sisters' son and daughter nearby.

CBS tried another show similar in content earlier in 1998 titled *Style & Substance*, starring Jean Smart as a lifestyle expert. It was cancelled after 5 episodes, while 7 more episodes were aired during the summer.

*The Simple Life* was co-created and produced by Prudence Fraser and Robert Sternin, who were then also producing the hit sitcom *The Nanny* for CBS as well. Sara was introduced as a former classmate of that series' lead character Fran Fine (Fran Drescher) and her sidekick Val Toriello (Rachel Chagall). They appeared in the pilot, while Fran's mother Sylvia (Renée Taylor) appeared in a separate episode.

## Cast

### Main

* Judith Light as Sara Campbell (née Lipschitz)
* Brett Cullen as Luke Barton, the foreman at Sara's farm
* Florence Stanley as Muriel Lipschitz, Sara's mother
* James Patrick Stuart as Greg Champlain, Sara's producer
* Ashlee Levitch as Frederica "Freddi" Campbell, Sara's daughter
* Ross Malinger as Will Barton, Luke's orphaned nephew
* Eliza Dean as Charlotte Barton, Luke's orphaned niece

### Recurring

### Notable guest stars

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Pamela Fryman | Pamela Norris & Prudence Fraser & Robert Sternin | June 3, 1998 (1998-06-03) |
| Sara Campbell, a leading authority on homespun country living, decides to abandon her posh Manhattan digs to tape her do-it-yourself home show from a rustic, centuries-old farm in upstate New York. | | | | | |
| 2 | "The Remodeling Show" | Ellen Gittelsohn | Pamela Norris | June 10, 1998 (1998-06-10) |
| Sara kicks Luke out of his home when she decides to return the farm to its 18th-century charm. The gang discovers a gruesome secret about the original owner. | | | | | |
| 3 | "The Church Supper" | Philip Charles MacKenzie | Pamela Norris & Robert Sternin & Robbie Schwartz | Unaired |
| Sara and Luke go to a church supper, where Sara participates in a pie-eating contest. | | | | | |
| 4 | "The Other Mother" | Unknown | Rick Shaw | June 17, 1998 (1998-06-17) |
| When Muriel refuses to talk about Sara's childhood on a TV show, Sara hires an actress to be her mother for the day. | | | | | |
| 5 | "Sara's Ex" | Philip Charles MacKenzie | Wayne Lemon | June 24, 1998 (1998-06-24) |
| Sara's ex-husband Joel (Jay Thomas) announces that he is writing a tell-all book. | | | | | |
| 6 | "The Fly-Fishing Show" | Rod Daniel | Anne Lewis & Melanie Macfee | July 1, 1998 (1998-07-01) |
| When Sara takes Luke and the kids on a fishing trip, she doesn't realize that her show is about to be cancelled. | | | | | |
| 7 | "The Luke and Sara Show" | Dorothy Lyman | *Story by*: Pamela Norris
*Teleplay by*: Pamela Norris & Robert Sternin | July 8, 1998 (1998-07-08) |
| The network president (Joseph Bologna) wants Luke to have an on-camera role. | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *The Simple Life* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Created by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Composer | Mark Mothersbaugh |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 7 (1 unaired) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Prudence Fraser * Robert Sternin * Pamela Norris * Robbie Schwartz * Herb Hamsher |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | June 3 (1998-06-03)
July 8, 1998 (1998-07-08) |