title: The Homestead, Chipping Norton

abstract: The Homestead is a heritage-listed residence at Charlton Avenue, Chipping Norton, City of Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1884 to 1893. It is also known as Chipping Norton Homestead. The property is owned by the Chipping Norton Lakes Authority. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

text:
# The Homestead, Chipping Norton

**The Homestead** is a heritage-listed residence at Charlton Avenue, Chipping Norton, City of Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1884 to 1893. It is also known as **Chipping Norton Homestead**. The property is owned by the Chipping Norton Lakes Authority. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

Situated near the Georges River north of Moorebank, Chipping Norton was a farming area throughout the 19th century and into the 20th century. It was named after an old English village by William Alexander Long, who was born in Sydney in 1839, went to England to study law, and later lived in Chipping Norton in Oxfordshire. He bought up a number of former land grants in the area at the turn of the century and called his homestead Chipping Norton. The horse stud on part of his property produced many fine young horses. He died in 1915 and the Government of New South Wales bought his estate and subdivided it into farming blocks for soldiers returning from World War I.

The Homestead was built on land that, prior to European settlement, was largely characterised by open eucalypt forest with swamp areas along the river. There are no identified sites of Aboriginal occupation within The Homestead and its near environs. The earliest Europeans to visit the area of modern day Chipping Norton were George Bass and Matthew Flinders, followed by Governor Hunter in 1797. Land grants were made in the area from the late 1790s. The earliest alienation of The Homestead site for European occupation in the late eighteenth century is poorly documented.

One of the first settlers in the area was George Johnston of the New South Wales Corps who received a substantial land grant at the junction of the Georges River and Prospect Creek. Johnston's homestead, George's Hall, was built on a rise overlooking the river. Owing to flooding, a second house was built on the property in the 1830s. Both houses are still extant on the opposite side of the river from The Homestead. Johnston also held land in the area of The Homestead (90 acres). Johnston owned several major properties, including his main property at Annandale, and other holdings at Bankstown, Cabramatta and Lake Illawarra.

Adjoining Johnston's land south of the Georges River, was 85 acres granted to Thomas Rowley, another officer of the NSW Corps, in 1798. Rowley also held land at Bankstown, Petersham, and Liberty Plains (Concord) which was probably his principal residence. Rowley died of consumption in 1806.

On the basis of what is known of Johnston's and Rowley's activities as well as the more general pattern of documented occupation in this period it is unlikely that substantial dwellings were erected on either property. The earliest use of the site, after both grants were cleared, probably was for pasturage and/or agricultural development, grain or hay crops. It is possible that some small huts used by convict workers managing these activities were erected on the properties. There is little or no direct evidence for the use of the specific site of the later area of The Homestead, although the position of the Homestead on a rise above the river makes it a likely potential occupation site in earlier periods.

Rowley's grant passed to Robert Campbell junior by 1822. In 1837 the land was purchased by Samuel Bowler. The use of the site from the 1830s to the 1870s is unknown. It is possible that the land remaining in the Johnston family possession continued to be used in the same manner. Samuel Bowler kept the land for nearly thirty years. This length of time suggests that Bowler was using the property, probably as a farm. In 1865 Bowler sold the former Rowley grant to David Johnston, thus consolidating the two grants at the bend of the Georges River within one family ownership. The Johnston family of The Homestead, Georges Hall retained the land until 1883 when they sold the former Rowley grant to Alfred Smart, who had also acquired the adjoining Johnston grant. Smart sold both properties to William Long in 1884.

The 1890s recession severely affected Long who was forced to mortgage the entire estate by 1899.

The history of the property is then traced following a succession of owners in the early twentieth century to the time when it was associated with the Soldier Settlement Area and subdivided into a series of small farms. At this time block containing The Homestead also had a cottage/office, Bulk Stable with stalls and bails, Coach house and stables, as well as a number of sheds and windmills.

The Homestead was requisitioned for wartime occupation by the military in 1942-43, and became the home of the Fairall family during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1975 The National Trust of Australia (NSW) classified the property for its cultural heritage values.

In 1978, The Homestead was acquired by the NSW Department of Environment and Planning as part of a larger acquisition for the purposes of implementing the Chipping Norton Lakes Scheme. The group was refurbished prior to 1992 with the buildings repaired/restored, the landscape "tidied up" and a picket fence built along the front (northern) boundary. A wishing well "superstructure", constructed of timber with a shingled gable roof and a timber windlass, recorded over the brick cistern in 1992 was removed.

The Homestead was leased as a restaurant and entertainment facility in the early 1990s. The place was added to the surrounding reserve for public recreation in April 1992, when Liverpool City Council as Trust manager for the Reserve became the lessor of the Lease. The lease expired in 1998, at which time Liverpool City Council was reported to be investigating appropriate future uses for The Homestead. As of 2018, the property remains vacant.

## Description

The Homestead Group consists of:

1. A late Victorian Italianate style residence of rendered brickwork with attached rear service/accommodation wings,
2. A pair of more recent outbuildings,
3. Remnant planting from earlier landscaping,
4. A small timber garden shed and
5. The site of the former timber stables.

The group is located on level land overlooking the sand mining activities of Lake Moore. The site landscaping comprises areas of grassed lawn scattered in an informal manner with a number of large trees and more recent shrubs and young trees. Early components which remain include pine trees, an olive grove and a number of large peppercorn trees. Interspersed with these, however, are some inappropriate plantings including melaleucas.

### Homestead

The Homestead is a single storey Victorian Italianate residence of stuccoed brickwork with a hipped slate roof and rendered brickwork chimneys. A verandah surrounds two sides of the building, its slightly curved corrugated iron clad roof supported on circular cast iron columns and decorated with cast iron cornered brackets. On the front elevation the verandah abuts a hipped roofed wing and projecting 3 sided bay window. Italianate renderwork decoration includes brackets and raised panels under the eaves and mouldings around the round headed windows. The verandah floor is paved with tessellated tiles and edged with sandstone. The front door has fielded panels with stained glass leadlights above and in the fanlight and side light.

There are five main rooms, each with fireplace surrounds, mostly marble. The door and window joinery and architraves and skirtings were reported as generally intact and in good repair in 1992. Some original plaster ceilings and cornices survived. Others were replaced with pressed metal. Towards the rear of the house is a large room lit by rooflights and paved with tessellated tiles.

### Grounds

The Homestead Group consists of a number of archaeological and early landscape features. The vegetation is a mixture of native and introduced trees, shrubs and grass species. Tree and shrub species include camphor laurels (Cinnamomum camphora), Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara), gums (Eucalyptus spp.), silky oaks (Grevillea robusta), jacarandas (Jacaranda mimosifolia), pencil cedar (Juniperus virginiana), oleander (Nerium oleander), African olives (Olea europaea var.africana), Monterey pines (Pinus radiata), Cape honeysuckle/tecoma (Tecomaria capensis and coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens).

Two camphor laurels (Cinnamomum camphora), one growing very near to the original kitchen/laundry wing on the south-eastern side of The Homestead, are over 100 years old. There were originally three old camphor laurels close to the house and four overall; however, two were cut down in 2011 as their roots were threatening the integrity of the building's foundations. Other trees nearby include a group of tall fan palms (Washingtonia robusta) and Monterey pines further away (Pinus radiata). Underplantings under the camphor laurels close to The Homestead include ladder ferns (Nephrolepsis sp), Kaffir lilies (Clivia miniata), a tree fern (Cyathea sp.), spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum) and Philodendron villosum. Areas of concrete paving are close to the original kitchen/laundry wing.

The present garden area surrounding the large residence contains a number of archaeological elements. On the north and south side of the house are several features that relate to the former garden layout. This includes an old driveway formation evident in the grass and remnants of former bitumen and concrete paths and garden edges. To the east of the house the remains of a concrete fountain structure are evident, it is now covered by a large wooden cover. To the rear (south) of the building is a circular cistern constructed of brick. The cistern has diameter of c. 2.6m and is 4m deep. Outside the northern boundary of the group is a concrete horse trough that measures 3.2m x 0.85m.

The grounds of the group also contain the archaeological site of the former late 19th century timber stables and coach house. Located south of the rear of the main house the site is marked by a wooden interpretative sign. Foundations of this structure still remain. The foundations are rectangular and displayed within them are a number of old agricultural tools. The signage, which is badly weathered and partly illegible, reads:

> "This is the site of the former stables and coach house (north wing) which was erected in 1887 by WA Long the original owner of the Homestead. In the early 1920s the coach house became temporary accommodation for the Chipping Norton School until the Central Ave school was built. The structure consisted of New Zealand weatherboard lining on framing with corrugated iron roofing and concrete floors. Unfortunately the badly deteriorated building collapsed during storms in the early 1990s. Chipping Norton Lake Scheme."

### Archaeology

The Homestead Group consists of a number of archaeological and early landscape features. The present garden area surrounding the large residence contains a number of archaeological elements. On the north and south side of the house are several features that relate to the former garden layout. This includes an old driveway formation evident in the grass and remnants of former bitumen and concrete paths and garden edges. To the east of the house the remains of a concrete fountain structure are evident, it is now covered by a large wooden cover. To the rear (south) of the building is a circular cistern constructed of brick. The cistern has diameter of c.2.6m and is 4m deep. Outside the northern boundary of the group is a concrete horse trough that measures 3.2m x 0.85m.

The grounds of the group also contain the archaeological site of the former late 19th century timber stables and coach house.

## Heritage listing

The Homestead was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

### Bibliography

* Historic Buildings Group, Special Projects Section (1985). *Chipping Norton House - Emergency Repairs; Extent of works on main house*.
* Kalemae, S. *B. Arch thesis for University of Sydney*.
* Pollen, Francis, ed. (1996). *'Chipping Norton' in "The Book of Sydney Suburbs"*.
* Rappoport P/L (2008). *Specification of Works - Proposed Tree Works & Landscaping at The Homestead - 1 Homestead Avenue - Chipping Norton*.
* Rappoport P/L (2008). *Statement of Heritage Impact - Proposed Tree Works & Landscaping at The Homestead- 1 Homestead Avenue - Chipping Norton*.
* Rod Howard & Associates (2007). *Proposed removal of three trees at The Homestead, Chipping Norton: statement to accompany section 60 application*.
* Rod Howard & Associates, Cultural Resources Management and Mayne-Wilson & Associates (2004). *The Homestead Chipping Norton: Conservation plan*.
* Wendy Thorp Consultant Archaeologist (1985). *Preliminary Archival & Archaeological Assessment - Chipping Norton Homestead*.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Homestead, The, entry number 00214 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 1 June 2018.

Media related to The Homestead, Chipping Norton at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| The Homestead | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Charlton Avenue, Chipping Norton, City of Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°54′23″S 150°57′33″E / 33.9063°S 150.9591°E / -33.9063; 150.9591 |
| Built | 18841893 |
| Owner | Chipping Norton Lakes Authority |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | The Homestead; Chipping Norton Homestead |
| Type | state heritage (complex / group) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 214 |
| Type | Homestead building |
| Category | Residential buildings (private) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of The Homestead in Sydney | |


title: Ferdinand Schaal

abstract: Ferdinand Friedrich Schaal was a German general during World War II. He commanded the 10th Panzer Division in the 1939 Invasion of Poland and directed the successful Siege of Calais in 1940. Schaal was involved in the unsuccessful 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler; for his participation in the conspiracy, he was imprisoned until the end of the war.

text:
# Ferdinand Schaal

**Ferdinand Friedrich Schaal** (7 February 1889  9 October 1962) was a German general during World War II. He commanded the 10th Panzer Division in the 1939 Invasion of Poland and directed the successful Siege of Calais in 1940. Schaal was involved in the unsuccessful 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler; for his participation in the conspiracy, he was imprisoned until the end of the war.

## Career

Schaal was born on 7 February 1889 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden. In April 1939, as part of the lead-up to the invasion of Poland, Schaal was tapped to lead the new 10th Panzer Division. He continued to command that unit through the invasions of Poland, France, and the USSR. On 16 March 1942, as the 10th Panzer Division returned to France from its bloody tour of the Eastern Front, Schaal was given the command of LVI Panzer Corps, which was also stationed in the Soviet Union. He served in that capacity until 1 August 1943, when he became Wehrmacht commander in the military district of Bohemia and Moravia.

## Operation Valkyrie

His role in Operation Valkyrie was to involve subduing the Nazi Party and establishing military control over Bohemia and Moravia. On the evening of 20 July 1944, Schaal waited for clarification on how to proceed from General Friedrich Fromm, a co-conspirator in Berlin. None came, as the assassination attempt had failed and Fromm had decided to betray the other plotters. Schaal was arrested the next day on the orders of Heinrich Himmler and imprisoned. Unlike many other conspirators, Schaal was spared execution, instead being imprisoned until the end of war.

## Awards

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Scherzer, Veit (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945*\] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.

## InfoBox

| Ferdinand Friedrich Schaal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1889-02-07)7 February 1889
Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden, German Empire |
| Died | 9 October 1962(1962-10-09) (aged 73)
Baden-Baden, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany |
| Allegiance | German Empire
Weimar Republic
Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | German Army |
| Years of service | 1908–44 |
| Rank | General der Panzertruppe |
| Commands | 10th Panzer Division
LVI Panzer Corps
Military commander, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |


title: Ferdinand Schalch

abstract: Johann Ferdinand Schalch was a Swiss paleontologist and geologist. He conducted stratigraphic studies of Thuringia, Saxony, Baden, and the Black Forest regions and produced numerous maps. His fossil and geological collections were damaged when the Schaffhausen museum was bombed during World War II.

text:
# Ferdinand Schalch

**Johann Ferdinand Schalch** (11 January 1848 – 19 November 1918) was a Swiss paleontologist and geologist. He conducted stratigraphic studies of Thuringia, Saxony, Baden, and the Black Forest regions and produced numerous maps. His fossil and geological collections were damaged when the Schaffhausen museum was bombed during World War II.

## Life and work

Schalch was the son of Katharina Juditha née Mägis and school teacher Ferdinand in Schaffhausen. He studied natural sciences at Zurich Polytechnic. Here he was influenced by Arnold Escher von der Linth and Oswald Heer. This was followed by studies at the universities of Würzburg and Heidelberg leading to a doctorate in 1870 under Fridolin Sandberger with a dissertation on the Triassic in the southeastern Black Forest. He then became a teacher in Böckten and from 1876 he worked at the Geological Institute in Leipzig. He then moved to Saxony to work with Hermann Credner from 1876. He conducted stratigraphic studies and produced geological maps of the region. In 1888 Harry Rosenbusch appointed him and Adolf Sauer to the Baden Geological Institute. He published several maps, treatises on rocks and fossils. He retired in 1918 and returned to Schaffhausen where he suffered from psychiatric problems and was sent for treatment to Küssnacht where he committed suicide. He donated his collections to the museum in the town of Schaffhausen but many of his collections were destroyed by bombing during World War II.


title: Ferdinand Scherf

abstract: Ferdinand Scherf, is a German professor and historian. From 1970 to 2007 he was a teacher at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium in Mainz and editor of local historical works.

text:
# Ferdinand Scherf

**Ferdinand Scherf** (born in 1943 in Mayen), is a German professor and historian. From 1970 to 2007 he was a teacher at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium in Mainz and editor of local historical works.

## Life

After studying history and German language and literature in Bonn and Mainz, Scherf began his career in February 1970 as a teacher of history and German at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium, whose deputy headmaster he became in 1986 and where he remained until his retirement in 2007. It is thanks to his commitment that Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium has won the "Bundeswettbewerb Geschichte" (Federal History Competition) nine times, which has been held by the President of Germany since 1973.

Scherf is active in the Mainzer Altertumsverein. With his colleague Helmut Link, he published two writings "Begegnungen mit dem Judentum". In 1996, together with Franz Dumont and Friedrich Schütz, the editorial work on an overall presentation of the History of the City of Mainz began. Their publication in 1998 filled a gap in the documentation of the city history.

## Awards

In 2007, Scherf was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his merits as a long-standing tutor of the history competition of the Federal President.

## Writings

* with Franz Dumont and Friedrich Schütz: *Mainz – Die Geschichte der Stadt.* Zabern, Mainz, 1998 ISBN 3-8053-2000-0
* with Franz Dumont: *Mainz – Menschen, Bauten, Ereignisse: Eine Stadtgeschichte*. Zabern, Mainz 2010 ISBN 978-3-8053-4247-6
* Gymnasium Moguntinum 70, 2007. Blätter des Freundes und Förderkreises des Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasiums Mainz.
* with M. Hensel-Grobe and F. Dumont (ed.): *Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz – Die Geschichte der Schule*. Rutzen, Ruhpolding, Mainz 2007.


title: The Inner Circle (Meltzer novel)

abstract: The Inner Circle is a 2011 novel written by Brad Meltzer about Beecher White, a young man working in the National Archives. While working in the archives, Beecher and his childhood crush discover a 200-year-old dictionary belonging to George Washington. For reasons unknown, the sitting president keeps the dictionary hidden. Beecher wants to discover why, and the answer leads to murder, conspiracy, and the best-kept secret that all U.S. presidents have shared. According to WorldCat, the book is in 2082 libraries.

text:
# The Inner Circle (Meltzer novel)

***The Inner Circle*** is a 2011 novel written by Brad Meltzer about Beecher White, a young man working in the National Archives. While working in the archives, Beecher and his childhood crush discover a 200-year-old dictionary belonging to George Washington. For reasons unknown, the sitting president keeps the dictionary hidden. Beecher wants to discover why, and the answer leads to murder, conspiracy, and the best-kept secret that all U.S. presidents have shared.

According to WorldCat, the book is in 2082 libraries.

## Plot synopsis

Beecher White works in the National Archives. That means he spends his working days protecting the most important documents of the U.S. government and history. This means he keeps other people's stories, but has never been part of the story. Until now.

One day, Beecher's old childhood crush shows up to ask Beecher for his help hunting down her long lost father. Hoping to impress Clementine, he takes her to a secret vault which the President uses to review highly classified documents. While in the vault, they accidentally stumble on a priceless artifact: a 200-year-old dictionary hidden in a secret desk compartment that once belonged to George Washington. The diary is the spark that ignites an adventure involving Clementine, Beecher and the highest reaches of the national government. A dead body and a trail of mystery obstruct Beecher's discovery of the truth behind this national treasure. Within the diary is a coded puzzle that hides a dark secret that tracks all the way back to the beginning of the United States. It is a secret that some will kill to keep secret.

## InfoBox

The Inner Circle
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Brad Meltzer |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Grand Central Publishing |
| Publication date | January 11, 2011 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 464 pp |
| ISBN | 0-446-57788-X |
| OCLC | 214935200 |


title: Marginella poppei

abstract: Marginella poppei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella poppei

***Marginella poppei*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Marginella poppei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. poppei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella poppei***<br>Boyer & Neefs, 1999 | |
|


title: Marginella rubrocincta

abstract: Marginella rubrocincta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella rubrocincta

***Marginella rubrocincta*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Port Alfred, South Africa.

* Turton, W. H. (1932) *Marine Shells of Port Alfred, S. Africa*. Humphrey Milford, London, xvi + 331 pp., 70 pls. page(s): 37

## InfoBox

| *Marginella rubrocincta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. rubrocincta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella rubrocincta***<br>Turton, 1932 | |
|


title: Ferdinand van den Eynde

abstract: Ferdinand van den Eynde (early 17th century – 1630) was a Flemish art collector, art dealer and merchant. Ferdinand was part of the Van den Eynde family, and brother of the wealthy banker and merchant Jan van den Eynde. He should not be confused with the latter's son, Ferdinand. Ferdinand's collection included paintings by the likes of Pieter van Laer, Paul Bril, Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Miel. Ferdinand van den Eynde is also remembered for being the subject of Duquesnoy's Tomb of Ferdinand van den Eynde.

text:
# Ferdinand van den Eynde

**Ferdinand van den Eynde** (early 17th century – 1630) was a Flemish art collector, art dealer and merchant. Ferdinand was part of the Van den Eynde family, and brother of the wealthy banker and merchant Jan van den Eynde. He should not be confused with the latter's son, Ferdinand. Ferdinand's collection included paintings by the likes of Pieter van Laer, Paul Bril, Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Miel. Ferdinand van den Eynde is also remembered for being the subject of Duquesnoy's Tomb of Ferdinand van den Eynde.

## Early life

Van den Eynde was born in Antwerp, into a wealthy family of artists and merchants. The Van den Eynde were related by blood and marriage to several prominent Netherlandish artists, including Brueghel, Jode, and Lucas and Cornelis de Wael. Lucas and Cornelis de Wael were Ferdinand's nephews. Ferdinand van den Eynde was married to Susanna de Jode, aunt of Jan Brueghel.

## Move to Italy

Sometime in the early 17th century (possibly in 1612), Van den Eynde moved to Italy, probably alone. He settled in Venice at first, where he reportedly was active between 1612 and 1617. While in Venice, he likely lived with his nephews Lucas and Cornelis de Wael.

He reportedly moved to Genoa in 1619, before finally settling in Southern Italy. Ferdinand was a resident of Naples until 1626, whereafter he moved to Rome.

He resided there for the rest of his life, dying prematurely in Rome in 1630. Van den Eynde was part of the Netherlandish community of expatriates in Rome.

Two days before his death, Van den Eynde made his will, bequeathing his art collection to his brother Jan, who had meanwhile come to Italy and settled in Naples.

Ferdinand van den Eynde was buried in the church of *Santa Maria dell'Anima* in Rome. His nephew Cornelis de Wael was buried next to him.

## Epitaph

Van den Eynde's tomb was commissioned from François Duquesnoy. Duquesnoy's work, located in the church of *Santa Maria dell'Anima* in Rome, was lauded by Duquesnoy's contemporaries, and remains much appreciated today, especially for its *putti*.

1. "Ferdinand van den Eynde". RKD. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
2. Giltaij, Jeroen Cecile (1999). *Ruffo en Rembrandt : over een Siciliaanse verzamelaar in de zeventiende eeuw die drie schilderijen bij Rembrandt bestelde*. Zutphen : Walburg Pers. p. 38.
3. "Rubens, Van Dyck, Ribera: 36 capolari in mostra a Palazzo Zevallos". *Il Mattino*. 5 December 2018. Stretti rapporti di parentela legavano la famiglia Vandeneynden a quelle di diversi artisti fiamminghi (i Brueghel, i de Wael, i de Jode)
4. "Mediterranean Masterpieces - This Collection Tells the Story of Naples Through Its Art". Vice Media. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
5. De Waal, A. (1935). *Geschichte des Geschlechtes De Waal*. Görlitz. p. 146.
6. Vaes, Maurice. Le journal de Jean Brueghel. p. 178.
7. Vaes, Maurice (1935). Cornelis de Wael (1592-1667). Bulletin de l'Institute Belge de Rome. pp. 184–185.
8. Génard, Pierre (1859). Le grandes familles artistiques d'Anvers. Revue d'histoire et d'archéologie. p. 113.
9. Stoesser, Alison (2018). *Tra Rubens e van Dyck: i legami delle famiglie de Wael, Vandeneynden e Roomer*. pp. 41–49.
10. Natalie Gozzano. "From Flanders to Italy: the Network of Flemish Dealers in Italy and the International Art Market in the Seventeenth Century" (Document). Accademia nazionale di danza, Rome. pp. 174–180.
11. "Epitaph of Ferdinand van den Eynde". Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
12. Lingo, Estelle Cecile (2007). *François Duquesnoy and the Greek Ideal*. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 198. ISBN 9780300124835.
13. Ruotolo, Renato (1982). *Mercanti-collezionisti fiamminghi a Napoli: Gaspare Roomer e i Vandeneynden*. Massa Lubrense Napoli - Scarpati. pp. 5–55.
14. Lingo, Estelle Cecile (2007). *François Duquesnoy and the Greek Ideal*. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 76-80. ISBN 9780300124835.
15. Boudon-Machuel, Marion (2005). *François du Quesnoy, 1597-1643*. Arthena. pp. 192–253. ISBN 9782903239329.


title: The Klingon Way

abstract: The Klingon Way: A Warrior's Guide is a 1996 book by the linguist Marc Okrand that was published by Pocket Books. The Klingon Way is a collection of proverbs and sayings in the constructed language of Klingon, ascribed to the Klingon race and Klingon culture in the fictional Star Trek universe. Okrand first began constructing the Klingon language in the 1980s when he was hired to produce Klingon dialogue for Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, going on to publish The Klingon Dictionary. The Klingon Way expanded the Klingon lexicon, and was followed by Klingon for the Galactic Traveler. An audiobook version of The Klingon Way, featuring the voices of Michael Dorn and Roxann Dawson, was produced by Simon & Schuster Audio. The Klingon Language Institute considers The Klingon Way to be a canonical source of the Klingon language, and the book, along with Okrand's other work on the subject, has become highly important for a section of the Star Trek fandom.

text:
# The Klingon Way

***The Klingon Way: A Warrior's Guide*** (Klingon: ***tlhIngan tIgh: SuvwI' DevmeH paq***) is a 1996 book by the linguist Marc Okrand that was published by Pocket Books. *The Klingon Way* is a collection of proverbs and sayings in the constructed language of Klingon, ascribed to the Klingon race and Klingon culture in the fictional *Star Trek* universe. Okrand first began constructing the Klingon language in the 1980s when he was hired to produce Klingon dialogue for *Star Trek III: The Search for Spock*, going on to publish *The Klingon Dictionary*. *The Klingon Way* expanded the Klingon lexicon, and was followed by *Klingon for the Galactic Traveler*.

An audiobook version of *The Klingon Way*, featuring the voices of Michael Dorn and Roxann Dawson, was produced by Simon & Schuster Audio. The Klingon Language Institute considers *The Klingon Way* to be a canonical source of the Klingon language, and the book, along with Okrand's other work on the subject, has become highly important for a section of the *Star Trek* fandom.

## Background

Klingons were introduced as antagonists in *Star Trek: The Original Series*, though were portrayed as less villainous in subsequent *Star Trek* television programs—including *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine*—and *Star Trek* films. The Klingon language was sometimes spoken on-screen early in the franchise's history, but became more formalised in the 1980s. Marc Okrand, a professional linguist who had previously been consulted concerning the Vulcan language for *Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan* (1982), was hired to produce some dialogue in the Klingon language for *Star Trek III: The Search for Spock* (1984). Okrand based the language on the guttural sounds made by James Doohan that were used for the Klingon language in *Star Trek: The Motion Picture* (1979), as well as the requests made of him that the language have a guttural quality, that it would "sound good", and that it would have a genuine, realistic syntax, grammar and lexicon.

Okrand went on to author *The Klingon Dictionary* (1985). This book became significant to *Star Trek* fans, and a group of Klingon enthusiasts formed the Klingon Language Institute. This group began, in 1992, to publish *HolQeD* ("Linguistics"), a scholarly journal devoted to the study of the Klingon language. Okrand also produced two audio tapes, *Conversational Klingon* and *Power Klingon*.

The existing lexicon of Klingon was expanded with the publication of Okrand's *The Klingon Way* in 1996. Okrand includes a number of linguistic jokes in his books on Klingon. For example, he has described his development of the Klingon language with reference to *Das Boot* (1981), saying that he imagined Klingons as similar to the film's characters: "I pictured the Klingons in the same way, in tight quarters all barking at each other." Consequently, the Klingon word meaning "boot" is *DaS*.

## Contents

*The Klingon Way* contains an Introduction, Annotations, and 157 proverbs and locutions, with a number of additional proverbs or their modifications found in the descriptions. The book is not arranged in alphabetic order (neither in Klingon or English) and has no index or table of contents. The book presents English translations of the proverbs (called the Federation Standard versions) with their Klingon originals, along with explanation stories and footnote references to the *Star Trek* series episodes up to *Star Trek: Voyager* and from the films up to *Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country*. The book includes photos from *Star Trek* episodes and films, but does not reference the *Star Trek* novels.

Entry headings sometimes present more than one related proverb. The description stories explain the role of the given proverb in Klingon culture; they sometimes explain language usage of specific Klingon words or particular grammatical form, and also sometimes present additional related proverbs.

For example, the proverb *Heghlu'meH QaQ jajvam* ("It is a good day to die") is illustrated with a story explaining that "This is an extremely common Klingon locution, often uttered when the odds seem to favor an opponent. It does not, however, represent a defeatist attitude." Further, the book notes that "Kang, of course, spoke ironically when, accepting the proposition that there was a chance to defeat an adversary, he altered this expression to 'It is a good day to live'." The footnotes point out that this proverb was used in *The Next Generation* episode "Sins of the Father" and in the *Deep Space Nine* episode "Blood Oath". The image for this entry shows "Koloth encountering a guard for the Albino and teaching him a proverb".

Common locutions include *lumbe' tlhInganpu'* ("Klingons do not procrastinate"), *'utbe' bel*. ("Pleasure is nonessential") and *QI'tomerDaq Heghpu' Hoch* ("No one survived Khitomer"). Toasts and wishes include *tlhIngan maH!* ("We are Klingons!"), *batlh ghob yIpab* ("Adhere to virtue honorably."), and *batlh bIHeghjaj!* ("May you die well!").

### Audiobook

An audiobook version of *The Klingon Way*, with a running time of 75 minutes, was released by Simon & Schuster Audio. It featured the voices of Michael Dorn and Roxann Dawson, known for playing, respectively, the Klingon Worf in *The Next Generation* and the half-Klingon B'Elanna Torres in *Voyager*. The actors read the book's phrases in the Klingon language and explain the significance of them.

## Reception and significance

A review of the book, concentrating on the new vocabulary and the specific grammatical features, by was published by Rich "Captain Krankor" Yampell in *HolQeD*, and was later republished in his *The Grammarian's Desk: A Collection of Grammatical Opinion & Wisdom of the Warrior's Tongue*, edited by Lawrence M. Schoen. Reviewing the audiobook version of *The Klingon Way* for the *Calgary Herald*, the freelance columnist Grant McKenzie said that "If you've ever wanted to toss some conversational Klingon into a friendly chat, this audio will quickly have you up to speed and make you the hit of the next Trekker convention. Non-Trekkers, on the other hand, won't have a clue what they're listening to."

Okrand went on to produce *Klingon for the Galactic Traveler* (1997), a second major expansion of the Klingon language. This work presents an overview of Klingon culture as depicted in the Klingon language, containing several more Klingon proverbs and locutions, and may be considered a companion book to *The Klingon Way*. The Klingon Language Institute considers both to be canonical sources of the Klingon language, holding that only Okrand's work can be considered canonical. Okrand's various works have become highly significant to some *Star Trek* fans, who sometimes take them very seriously. The novelist and researcher Michael Hemmingson, in his 2009 study of *Star Trek*, explained that "*The Klingon Dictionary* (1992) and *The Klingon Way* (1995) were embraced with relish by Trekkies, resulting in a curious subculture within the fandom: people speaking the language and recreating—or engaging in simulation of hyper-reality—Klingon culture and rituals, as represented in the movies and *The Next Generation*, into their everyday lives".

## InfoBox

The Klingon Way
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Marc Okrand |
| Audio read by | Michael Dorn and Roxann Dawson |
| Subject | Klingon language |
| Genre | Phrasebook |
| Publisher | Pocket Books |
| Publication date | 1996 |
| Preceded by | *The Klingon Dictionary* |
| Followed by | *Klingon for the Galactic Traveler* |


title: Fernandocrambus arcus

abstract: Fernandocrambus arcus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1965. It is found in Chile.

text:
# Fernandocrambus arcus

***Fernandocrambus arcus*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1965. It is found in Chile.

## InfoBox

| *Fernandocrambus arcus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Fernandocrambus* |
| Species: | ***F. arcus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fernandocrambus arcus***<br>J. F. G. Clarke, 1965 | |
|


title: Fernandocrambus abbreviata

abstract: Fernandocrambus abbreviata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1965. It is found in Chile.

text:
# Fernandocrambus abbreviata

***Fernandocrambus abbreviata*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1965. It is found in Chile.

## InfoBox

| *Fernandocrambus abbreviata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Fernandocrambus* |
| Species: | ***F. abbreviata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fernandocrambus abbreviata***<br>(J. F. G. Clarke, 1965) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Juania abbreviata* J. F. G. Clarke, 1965 | |


title: The Last Just Man

abstract: The Last Just Man is a documentary film that details the events that led to the slaughter of 800,000 people in a 100 days genocide in 1994 in Rwanda. It is dominated by the account of the head of the U.N. peace keeping mission in Rwanda, Brigadier General Romeo Dellaire, a Canadian who bore witness to those atrocities and wished he stopped them. It was directed by Steven Silver.

text:
# The Last Just Man

***The Last Just Man*** is a documentary film that details the events that led to the slaughter of 800,000 people in a 100 days genocide in 1994 in Rwanda. It is dominated by the account of the head of the U.N. peace keeping mission in Rwanda, Brigadier General Romeo Dellaire, a Canadian who bore witness to those atrocities and wished he stopped them. It was directed by Steven Silver.

## Awards

* 17th Gemini Awards: Best History Documentary Program
* 17th Gemini Awards: Best Direction in a Documentary Program
* 17th Gemini Awards: Best Writing in a Documentary Program or Series

## Festivals


title: FedEx Ground

abstract: FedEx Ground, a subsidiary of the FedEx Corporation, is an American ground package delivery company headquartered in Moon Township, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh. The company began as Roadway Package System (RPS), founded in 1985 by transportation company Roadway Services Inc., later renamed Caliber System. FedEx bought Caliber in 1998 to complement its existing FedEx Express business and rebranded Caliber's RPS package delivery service FedEx Ground in 2000. FedEx Ground provides US and Canada domestic services as well as international services between the two, branded FedEx International Ground. Its services are cheaper than the time-definite services offered by FedEx Express and its drivers are primarily owner/operators, independent contractors who control individual delivery routes and territories. In addition to its core commercial package services, the company's services include FedEx Home Delivery, a US residential delivery service, and FedEx Ground Economy, a low-cost parcel consolidation service.

text:
# FedEx Ground

**FedEx Ground**, a subsidiary of the FedEx Corporation, is an American ground package delivery company headquartered in Moon Township, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh. The company began as **Roadway Package System** (**RPS**), founded in 1985 by transportation company Roadway Services Inc., later renamed Caliber System. FedEx bought Caliber in 1998 to complement its existing FedEx Express business and rebranded Caliber's RPS package delivery service FedEx Ground in 2000.

FedEx Ground provides US and Canada domestic services as well as international services between the two, branded FedEx International Ground. Its services are cheaper than the time-definite services offered by FedEx Express and its drivers are primarily owner/operators, independent contractors who control individual delivery routes and territories. In addition to its core commercial package services, the company's services include FedEx Home Delivery, a US residential delivery service, and FedEx Ground Economy (formerly FedEx SmartPost), a low-cost parcel consolidation service.

## History

When RPS was founded on March 11, 1985, it intended to out-compete UPS Ground by focusing on efficiency and structuring itself for lower costs. One result of this drive for efficiency was RPS' use of barcodes on packages allowing it to track and sort shipments much more effectively. After an intensive effort to shift its operations to use the new technology, RPS became the first company able to track a package through the delivery cycle.

Its parent company, RSI, already owned a number of transportation companies including national less than truckload (LTL) carrier Roadway Express. This backing allowed RPS to grow quickly and by 1988 it was operating 130 terminals covering 70% of the US. After RSI spun off Roadway Express in 1995 and changed its name to Caliber System, RPS was its largest subsidiary.

In 1997, Fred Smith, founder of FedEx, contacted Dan Sullivan, co-founder of RPS and now president of Caliber System, about merging the two companies. FedEx, which at the time only offered air services, was under pressure from UPS which offered both air and ground services. By acquiring RPS, FedEx would get a fully fledged ground network to complement its existing air services. The acquisition of Caliber System was finalized in January 1998.

In preparation for this major acquisition, FedEx had reorganized as a holding company, FDX Corporation, in October 1997. When its acquisition of Caliber was finalized, FDX was the parent of both FedEx and Caliber's subsidiaries. It then embarked on significant reorganization to merge its existing business with the new subsidiaries. As part of this effort, it made broad changes to branding for the new acquisitions in 2000. FDX Corporation changed its name to FedEx Corporation, Federal Express was renamed FedEx Express, RPS became FedEx Ground, Caliber's same-day-critical trucking subsidiary, Roberts Express, became FedEx Custom Critical, and its LTL freight carrier, Viking Freight was re-branded FedEx Freight in 2001.

FedEx Ground launched a US residential delivery service, FedEx Home Delivery Service, in 2000. It was later renamed FedEx Home Delivery. In 2004, FedEx acquired New Berlin, Wisconsin-based parcel consolidator Parcel Direct from magazine and catalog printer Quad Graphics for $120 million. Following the acquisition, Parcel Direct was renamed FedEx SmartPost and became a subsidiary of FedEx Ground.

On January 14, 2013, FedEx named Henry Maier CEO and President of FedEx Ground, to take effect after David Rebholz retired on May 31, 2013.

Until 2018, most FedEx Ground US operations were five days per week but this was expanded to six in September 2018 due to the rise in demand driven by e-commerce. Its US services were expanded again during the 2019 holiday peak season to seven days per week, a change which became permanent for the majority of the US population year-round in January 2020.

## Services

### FedEx Ground

FedEx Ground is the division's core package delivery service which delivers daily to all 50 US states with delivery timeframes of 1-5 days for the Contiguous United States and 3-7 days for Alaska and Hawaii. Its FedEx International Ground service ships packages between the United States and Canada and within Canada.

Given its focus on deliveries to commercial locations, FedEx ground had operated on a five-day a week schedule (Monday-Friday). However, in 2018, it changed its year-round operating schedule to six-days a week (Monday-Saturday) for most US locations and subsequently to seven-days a week in January 2020.

### FedEx Home Delivery

FedEx Home Delivery is a residential delivery service available in the US. It was launched as FedEx Home Delivery Service in 2000 delivering five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday. In 2020, the service expanded to seven days a week to most of the US. The maximum per package weight was also increased from 70 pounds to 150 pounds at the same time bringing it inline with the FedEx Ground limit.

### FedEx Ground Economy

FedEx Ground Economy is a subsidiary of FedEx Ground which provides a parcel consolidation service most commonly used for residential deliveries of small, lightweight parcels. It is cheaper than ground package delivery but speeds are generally one to two days slower. Parcels are trackable but delivery dates are not guaranteed. The service is available only to shippers who meet certain requirements and have a SmartPost contract in place with FedEx.

Ground Economy was originally **Parcel Direct**, founded in 1998 by Quad Graphics to provide delivery services for its catalog publishing customers. Since its founding, Parcel Direct had expanded both its network of hub facilities and its parcel services buying Commerce, California-based parcel delivery company PaqFast, Inc. in early 2004. When FedEx acquired it in 2004, Parcel Direct had 12 distribution hubs across the US and 450 employees.

Parcel Direct's parcel consolidation model relied on "zone skipping", a logistics approach where packages are transported most of the way to their destination through the carrier's network and handed over to the USPS for delivery. This reduces costs by allowing bulk transportation of parcels between hubs and not requiring it to maintain its own final mile delivery network.

Under FedEx, Parcel Direct was rebranded **FedEx SmartPost** and continued to grow its hub network, reaching 26 nationwide by 2021. Pickups from smaller shippers are performed by FedEx Ground which transfers them into the SmartPost network at the nearest hub. Dedicated FedEx SmartPost trailers pick up from larger shippers and transport shipments directly into the network.

Initially, all final mile deliveries were handled by the USPS. However, starting in 2019, FedEx began shifting SmartPost deliveries to its own Ground and Home Delivery networks and in 2020 said it had completed the shift and was delivering nearly all SmartPost packages itself. FedEx rebranded the service **FedEx Ground Economy** in 2021.

## Branding

In the early 2000s, most FedEx operating units used variants of the FedEx logo with a purple *Fed* followed by *Ex* in various colors. Only the FedEx Express unit used the original color combination of a purple *Fed* and orange *Ex*. The FedEx Ground logo used a green *Ex* under this branding. In August 2016, FedEx announced that it would be standardizing all its operating units to use the purple *Fed* and orange *Ex* previously used by FedEx Express. While the rebranding began in 2016, FedEx said it expected it to take until 2021 for all other color variants to be phased out across all operating units.

## InfoBox

FedEx Ground
|
|  |
| Formerly | Roadway Package System (RPS; 1985–2000) |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Transportation |
| Founded | 1985 (1985) |
| Founder | Roadway Services Inc. |
| Headquarters | Moon Township, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Area served | * United States * Canada |
| Key people | John A. Smith (president and CEO) |
| Services | Package delivery |
| Parent |  |
| Subsidiaries | FedEx Ground Economy |
| Website | Official website |


title: The Land of Far-Beyond

abstract: The Land of Far-Beyond is a children's novel written by Enid Blyton, illustrated by Horace J Knowles, and published in England in 1942. It is a Christian allegory loosely modelled on John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). A boy named Peter and his two sisters, Anna and Patience, travel from the City of Turmoil to the City of Happiness in the Land of Far-Beyond, carrying the heavy burdens of their bad deeds on their backs. With them are two other children, Lily and John, and five adults—Mr Scornful, Mr Fearful, Dick Cowardly, Gracie Grumble and Sarah Simple. They have been warned to keep to the narrow path but they are beset by troubles and temptations on the way, causing them to stray from the path and into danger. Although Peter and his sisters finally make it to the City of Happiness, their companions do not. However the book also hints that Mr Scornful, carrying the worst bad deeds of all, who failed at the gate to the City of Happiness continues to fight until the end unlike the previous adults and children that failed. Most characters stray to the path that is like their name.

text:
# The Land of Far-Beyond

***The Land of Far-Beyond*** is a children's novel written by Enid Blyton, illustrated by Horace J Knowles, and published in England in 1942. It is a Christian allegory loosely modelled on John Bunyan's *The Pilgrim's Progress* (1678).

A boy named Peter and his two sisters, Anna and Patience, travel from the City of Turmoil to the City of Happiness in the Land of Far-Beyond, carrying the heavy burdens of their bad deeds on their backs. With them are two other children, Lily and John, and five adults—Mr Scornful, Mr Fearful, Dick Cowardly, Gracie Grumble and Sarah Simple. They have been warned to keep to the narrow path but they are beset by troubles and temptations on the way, causing them to stray from the path and into danger. Although Peter and his sisters finally make it to the City of Happiness, their companions do not. However the book also hints that Mr Scornful, carrying the worst bad deeds of all, who failed at the gate to the City of Happiness continues to fight until the end (taking the narrow path to a different entrance) unlike the previous adults and children that failed. Most characters stray to the path that is like their name.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Murray, Shannon (2010), "*A Book for Boys and Girls: Or, Country Rhimes for Children*: Bunyan and Literature for Children", in Dunan-Page, Anne (ed.), *The Cambridge Companion to Bunyan*, Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–134, ISBN 978-0-521-73308-3

## InfoBox

The Land of Far-Beyond
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Enid Blyton |
| Illustrator | Horace J Knowles |
| Language | English |
| Genre |  |
| Publisher | Methuen Publishing |
| Publication date | 1942 |
| Publication place | England |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 163 |
| OCLC | 1008111451 |


title: Fernando Dueire

abstract: Fernando Antonio Caminha Dueire is a Brazilian politician who has been one of the senators from the state of Pernambuco since 2022. Elected as a substitute initially, he succeeded Jarbas Vasconcelos who resigned due to health issues. He is currently affiliated with Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). He had previously been the state secretary of infrastructure of Pernambuco from 1999 to 2006.

text:
# Fernando Dueire

**Fernando Antonio Caminha Dueire** (born 14 April 1959) is a Brazilian politician who has been one of the senators from the state of Pernambuco since 2022. Elected as a substitute initially, he succeeded Jarbas Vasconcelos who resigned due to health issues. He is currently affiliated with Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). He had previously been the state secretary of infrastructure of Pernambuco from 1999 to 2006.

## InfoBox

| Fernando Dueire | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senator for Pernambuco | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
7 December 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Jarbas Vasconcelos |
| Secretary of Infrastructure of Pernambuco | |
| **In office**
1999–2006 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fernando Antonio Caminha Dueire
(1959-04-14) April 14, 1959
Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil |
| Political party | MDB (2015–present) |
|  | |


abstract: Fernando Díaz was the count and tenente of Lantarón and Cerezo on the eastern frontier of the Kingdom of León in 923–24. He was a son of Diego Rodríguez, count of Castile. There is a document dated 28 March 913 which records that King Vermudo was reigning in León and Fernando Díaz in Lantarón. Unfortunately, the date on the document is impossible, since Vermudo II was not king at that time and the count of Lantarón, known from other documents, was Gonzalo Téllez. The historian Gonzalo Martínez Díez has suggested the date should be corrected to 923 and the king to Ordoño II. In 917, after the death of Count Gonzalo Fernández of Castile, a count named Fernando appears governing Castile. This may have been Fernando Díaz, who was active around the same time in the neighbouring region of Álava, or possibly Fernando Ansúrez I, who was certainly count of Castile at a later date. In January 918, Fernando Díaz was in the city of León, where he signed a document in the cathedral as Fredinandus Didazi comes, without specifying his county. Fernando had at least two brothers: Gómez Díaz, alférez of Count Fernán González of Castile, and Gonzalo Díaz.

text:
# Fernando Díaz (count in Lantarón and Cerezo)

**Fernando Díaz** (fl. 917–924) was the count and *tenente* of Lantarón and Cerezo on the eastern frontier of the Kingdom of León in 923–24. He was a son of Diego Rodríguez, count of Castile.

There is a document dated 28 March 913 which records that King Vermudo was reigning in León and Fernando Díaz in Lantarón. Unfortunately, the date on the document is impossible, since Vermudo II was not king at that time and the count of Lantarón, known from other documents, was Gonzalo Téllez. The historian Gonzalo Martínez Díez has suggested the date should be corrected to 923 and the king to Ordoño II.

In 917, after the death of Count Gonzalo Fernández of Castile, a count named Fernando appears governing Castile. This may have been Fernando Díaz, who was active around the same time in the neighbouring region of Álava, or possibly Fernando Ansúrez I, who was certainly count of Castile at a later date. In January 918, Fernando Díaz was in the city of León, where he signed a document in the cathedral as *Fredinandus Didazi comes* ("Fernando, son of Diego, count"), without specifying his county.

Fernando had at least two brothers: Gómez Díaz, *alférez* of Count Fernán González of Castile, and Gonzalo Díaz.

## Sources

* Martín Viso, Iñaki (2002). "Poder político y estructura social en la Castilla altomedieval: el condado de Lantarón (Siglos VIII-XI)" (PDF). *Los espacios de poder en la España medieval: XII Semana de Estudios Medievales, Nájera, del 30 de julio al 3 de agosto de 2001* (in Spanish). Logroño: Gobierno de La Rioja, Instituto de Estudios Riojanos. pp. 533–552. ISBN 84-95747-24-3.
* Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005). *El Condado de Castilla (711–1038): La historia frente a la leyenda*. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León. ISBN 84-9718-275-8.
* Pérez de Urbel, Justo (1945). *Historia del Condado de Castilla*. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. OCLC 5661964.


title: Ferqui Soroco

abstract: The Ferqui Soroco is a minibus and minicoach bodywork produced by Spanish manufacturer Ferqui on Mercedes-Benz Sprinter van chassis since 2000. The updated Soroco+, on facelifted Mercedes-Benz Sprinter chassis, was launched in 2008. The Soroco was originally sold in the United Kingdom as an Optare-badged product due to a dealership agreement between Ferqui and Optare. The Soroco was subsequently withdrawn for sale from the British market at the start of 2012 as Optare terminated the agreement in favour of pursuing their own developments, resulting in the second-generation Optare Bonito. By 2014, the Soroco, now badged as a Ferqui product and available exclusively as a luxury midicoach, had been reintroduced to the United Kingdom market through a new dealership arrangement with Connaught PSV. The longer-wheelbase Soroco DL was launched in September 2015. As of 2018, Ferqui sells around 35 Sorocos to the British minicoach market annually, with an updated version of the Soroco planned to be launched on the new Mercedes-Benz Sprinter chassis by the end of 2018.

text:
# Ferqui Soroco

The **Ferqui Soroco** (sold as the **Optare Soroco** in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2012) is a minibus and minicoach bodywork produced by Spanish manufacturer Ferqui on Mercedes-Benz Sprinter van chassis since 2000. The updated *Soroco+*, on facelifted Mercedes-Benz Sprinter chassis, was launched in 2008.

The Soroco was originally sold in the United Kingdom as an Optare-badged product due to a dealership agreement between Ferqui and Optare. The Soroco was subsequently withdrawn for sale from the British market at the start of 2012 as Optare terminated the agreement in favour of pursuing their own developments, resulting in the second-generation Optare Bonito.

By 2014, the Soroco, now badged as a Ferqui product and available exclusively as a luxury midicoach, had been reintroduced to the United Kingdom market through a new dealership arrangement with Connaught PSV. The longer-wheelbase Soroco DL was launched in September 2015. As of 2018, Ferqui sells around 35 Sorocos to the British minicoach market annually, with an updated version of the Soroco planned to be launched on the new Mercedes-Benz Sprinter chassis by the end of 2018.

## InfoBox

| Ferqui Soroco | |
| --- | --- |
| easyBus Optare Soroco+ | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ferqui |
| Production | 2000– |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | Minicoach |
| Layout | FR |
| Platform | Mercedes-Benz Sprinter |
| Powertrain | |
| Capacity | 16–22 seated |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 7.64 metres |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Optare Bonito (UK) |
| Successor | Optare Bonito 2 (UK) |


abstract: Ferquhard Mackintosh, 12th of Mackintosh was the chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans known as the Clan Chattan.

text:
# Ferquhard Mackintosh, 12th of Mackintosh

**Ferquhard Mackintosh, 12th of Mackintosh** (died 1514) was the chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was also chief of the confederation of clans known as the Clan Chattan.

## Early life

Ferquhard Mackintosh, 12th of Mackintosh was the only surviving child of Duncan Mackintosh, 11th of Mackintosh and his wife, Flora or Florence, second daughter of Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross. During his father Duncan's chiefship, Ferquhard had taken part in Alexander MacDonald of Lochalsh's insurrection of 1491, the Raid on Ross. Ferquhard also subsequently took Inverness Castle using a "sow". The king later imprisoned Ferquhard, along with Kenneth Mackenzie, 8th of Kintail, in Edinburgh Castle. Two years later they escaped, but Mackenzie was killed by the Laird of Buchanan and Ferquhard was recaptured and imprisoned in Dunbar Castle where he remained for sixteen years until being released after the Battle of Flodden. During the years that Ferquhard was in prison, the affairs of his clan were administered by William Mackintosh who was the eldest son of Lachlan "Badenoch" Mackintosh who was in turn the second son of Malcolm Beg Mackintosh, 10th of Mackintosh.

In 1492, Alan Cameron, chief of Clan Cameron had entered into a bond of alliance with Ferquhard Mackintosh in his absence. However, notwithstanding this, the Camerons, aided by the Clan Gregor and MacDonalds of Glencoe, invaded the Braes of Badenoch and Strathnairn and harried the Clan Chattan lands in those districts. The acting chief, William, proceeded to take revenge: firstly by raiding the lands of Rannoch and Appin which belonged to the MacGregors and MacDonalds of Glencoe. Secondly, by sailing up Loch Ness and at night time laying waste to some of the Cameron lands by surprise, returning home before they had time to retaliate.

During Dubh's Rebellion of 1503–04, the Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan supported the royal side, opposing the rebels.

## Chief of Clan Mackintosh and Clan Chattan

After the death of James IV of Scotland at Flodden in 1513, Ferquhard Mackintosh was finally released from prison. According to the Mackintosh's own 17th century *Kinrara* manuscript he was received by 1,800 men of the Clan Chattan in Inverness who had been mustered there by his cousin, William. On 8 October 1514, Ferquhard died at Inveress, having only been free and at the head of his clan for a few months.

## Family

Ferquhard had married Giles, daughter of Hugh Fraser, 1st Lord Lovat. They had one son, Donald, who died in infancy and four daughters who married respectively to Guthrie of that Ilk, Strachan of Glenkindy, Alaster mac Alan, the Captain of Clan Macdonald of Clanranald, and Ian Shaw of Rothimurcus. Ferquhard also had two natural sons by a lady of Dunbar; Hector Mackintosh who was later the tutor of William Mackintosh, 15th of Mackintosh and William Mackintosh who was later executed at Forres. He was therefore succeeded as chief by William Mackintosh, 13th of Mackintosh who was the son of Lachlan "Badenoch" Mackintosh and who had taken care of the clan during Ferquhard's imprisonment.


title: Merna, Illinois

abstract: Merna is an unincorporated community in McLean County, Illinois, United States. Merna is 9 miles (14 km) east-northeast of downtown Bloomington. Merna formerly had a post office with ZIP code 61758, which was closed in the mid-2000s.

text:
# Merna, Illinois

**Merna** is an unincorporated community in McLean County, Illinois, United States. Merna is 9 miles (14 km) east-northeast of downtown Bloomington. Merna formerly had a post office with ZIP code 61758, which was closed in the mid-2000s .

## Notable person

## InfoBox

| Merna, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| MernaMerna | |
| Coordinates: 40°31′00″N 88°49′33″W / 40.51667°N 88.82583°W / 40.51667; -88.82583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | McLean |
| Elevation | 810 ft (250 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 61761 |
| Area code | 309 |
| GNIS feature ID | 413436 |


title: Myrmeleotettix

abstract: Myrmeleotettix is a genus of grasshopper in the tribe Gomphocerini. Species are recorded from western Europe and throughout temperate Asia.

text:
# Myrmeleotettix

***Myrmeleotettix*** is a genus of grasshopper in the tribe Gomphocerini. Species are recorded from western Europe and throughout temperate Asia.

## Species

As of 2019, the genus consists of the following species:

## Further reading

* Bei-Bienko, G. Ya.; Mishchenko, L. L. (1964) \[Original Russian published 1951\]. "Genus *Myrmeleotettix* I. Bol.". *Locusts and Grasshoppers of the U.S.S.R. and Adjacent Countries*. Vol. 2. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. pp. 109–111.

## InfoBox

| *Myrmeleotettix* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *M. maculatus*. | |
|  | |
| *M. antennatus*. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Tribe: | Gomphocerini |
| Genus: | *Myrmeleotettix*
Bolívar, 1914 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Gomphocerus maculatus*
Thunberg, 1815 | |


title: Karjamaa, Ida-Viru County

abstract: Karjamaa is a village in Alutaguse Parish, Ida-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It is located on the northern shore of Lake Peipus. Karjamaa has a population of 30.

text:
# Karjamaa, Ida-Viru County

**Karjamaa** is a village in Alutaguse Parish, Ida-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It is located on the northern shore of Lake Peipus. Karjamaa has a population of 30 (as of 2000).

## InfoBox

| Karjamaa | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| KarjamaaLocation in Estonia | |
| Coordinates: 59°00′41″N 27°28′47″E / 59.01139°N 27.47972°E / 59.01139; 27.47972 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Ida-Viru County |
| Municipality | Alutaguse Parish |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 30 |


title: Hugo von Hildesheim

abstract: Hugo von Hildesheim was one of the few large and long-distance merchants from the early days of the Hanseatic League, whose individual fate can be reconstructed. He was active in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. In retrospect, he is described as very influential.

text:
# Hugo von Hildesheim

**Hugo von Hildesheim** (fl. late 12th and early 13th centuries) was one of the few large and long-distance merchants from the early days of the Hanseatic League, whose individual fate can be reconstructed. He was active in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. In retrospect, he is described as very influential.

## Life

He probably originated from one of the two leading ministerial families of the episcopal city of Hildesheim at that time - either de Insula (in German: "von der Werder") or de veteri foro (in German: "vom alten Markt"). Both repeatedly presented both the city bailiff and the bailiff of St. Michael's Monastery. Hugo probably married Thanbrigge, a daughter of the Holstein *Overboden* Marcrad II, who in 1181 had been driven to Schleswig by Count Adolf III of Holstein. Hugo established his trading business between his hometown, Neumünster, Lübeck and Livonia. Through his wedding, he is a well known example of the connection between the early Hansa-early urban elite and the old free and low noble rural families.

Around the same time, a Hugo von Hildesheim is known, who was abbot of the Augustinian canons at Neumünster. In addition, in 1224 Thanbrigge donated 2½ *hufe* of land in Holstein's Brachfeld from the possession of the monastery to the Daugavgrīva Abbey in today's Riga. Both suggest that the abbot and the merchant Hugo were the same person.


title: Pantiya

abstract:
Pantiya is a village near the town Anjar, the taluka of Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat.
This village is adopted by IFFCO Kandla. Village is located 10 km from nearest town Anjar. Villagers enjoy very good drinking water supply,
and electricity supply with very less power shortages.
Village has good amount Telephone penetration, and nearly most of the houses has televisions and Cable supply.
Village Entrance greets welcome gate.

text:
# Pantiya

**Pantiya** is a village near the town Anjar, the taluka of Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat. This village is adopted by IFFCO Kandla.

Village is located 10 km from nearest town Anjar. Villagers enjoy very good drinking water supply, and electricity supply with very less power shortages. Village has good amount Telephone penetration, and nearly most of the houses has televisions and Cable supply. Village Entrance greets welcome gate.

## InfoBox

| Pantiya | |
| --- | --- |
| city | |
| PantiyaLocation in Gujarat, IndiaPantiyaPantiya (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°06′01″N 69°54′44″E / 23.100378°N 69.912143°E / 23.100378; 69.912143 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Gujarat |
| District | Kachchh |
| Panchayat | Gram Panchayat |
| Elevation | 27 m (89 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 86,388 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Gujarati, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 370110 |
| Telephone code | 02836 |
| Vehicle registration | GJ-12 |
| Sex ratio | 0.894 / |
| Distance from Bhuj | 60 kilometres (37 mi) |
| Distance from Ahmedabad | 350 kilometres (220 mi) |
| Website | gujaratindia.com |


title: Urs Räber

abstract: Urs Räber is a former Swiss alpine skier, who won the 1984 World Cup in Downhill skiing. Raber also competed in two Olympic Downhill events. Firstly at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, where he finished 18th in the Olympic downhill, and then in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo where he finished fifth in the Olympic downhill. Raber now owns the Hotel Schönbuhl in Wilderswil near Interlaken in the Swiss canton of Bern.

text:
# Urs Räber

**Urs Räber** (born 28 November 1958) is a former Swiss alpine skier, who won the 1984 World Cup in Downhill skiing.

Raber also competed in two Olympic Downhill events. Firstly at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, where he finished 18th in the Olympic downhill, and then in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo where he finished fifth in the Olympic downhill.

Raber now owns the Hotel Schönbuhl in Wilderswil near Interlaken in the Swiss canton of Bern.

## World Cup Downhill victories

| Date | Location | Race |
| --- | --- | --- |
| December 18, 1983 | Val Gardena, Italy | Downhill |
| January 7, 1984 | Laax, Switzerland | Downhill |

## InfoBox

Urs Räber
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-11-28) November 28, 1958<br>Grindelwald, Switzerland |
| Occupation | Alpine skier |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (171 cm) |
|  | |
| Skiing career | |
| Disciplines | Downhill and Combined |
| Club | Skiclub Wilderswil/Grindelwald |
| World Cup debut | 1978 |
| Retired | 1984 |
| Website | http://www.hotel-schoenbuehl.ch/ |
| Olympics | |
| Teams | Switzerland |
| Medals | 0 (0 gold) |
| World Championships | |
| Teams | Switzerland |
| Medals | 0 (0 gold) |
| World Cup | |
| Seasons | 6 |
| Wins | 2 |
| Podiums | 6 |
| Overall titles | 0 |
| Discipline titles | 1 Downhill title (1984) |
|  | |


title: Joe Lovvorn

abstract: Joe Lovvorn is an American businessman, firefighter, and politician serving as a Republican member of the Alabama House of Representatives from the 79th district. He assumed office in 2016.

text:
# Joe Lovvorn

**Joe Lovvorn** (born September 5, 1976) is an American businessman, firefighter, and politician serving as a Republican member of the Alabama House of Representatives from the 79th district. He assumed office in 2016.

## Early life and education

Lovvorn was raised in Graham, Alabama. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the Auburn University College of Agriculture and Master of Business Administration from Auburn University.

## Career

Lovvorn has worked as a battalion fire chief for the city of Auburn, Alabama. He has also worked as a real estate broker with HomeServices of America and owns a trucking company. He was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 2015 and assumed office in 2016. Since 2019, he has served as chair of the House Technology and Research Committee and House Lee County Legislation Committee.

## InfoBox

| Joe Lovvorn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Alabama House of Representatives
from the 79th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2016 | |
| Preceded by | Mike Hubbard |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1976-09-05) September 5, 1976 |
| Political party | Republican |
| Education | Auburn University (BS, MBA) |
|  | |


title: Picon Punch

abstract: Picon Punch, or simply Picon, is a highball cocktail made with an Amaro liqueur, soda water, grenadine, a splash of lemon, and a bit of brandy floating on top. The drink is identified as Basque, but was created by Basque immigrants in the U.S. and taken back to the Basque region in the Pyrenees. It is popular in Basque restaurants and bars in Boise and southern Idaho, in Bakersfield and rural Northern and Central California, and in Reno throughout Northern Nevada. The traditional liqueur used is made in Marseille, France, and is not readily available in the United States, so Torani Amer has come to be the standard liqueur used. Amaro CioCiaro is another acceptable liqueur that can be substituted. In Northern Nevada, the Picon Punch is served with ice in a custom stemmed glass produced by the Louie Picon Glass Company of Sparks, Nevada. In other regions, the drink is made in a highball or Collins glass filled with ice.

text:
# Picon Punch

**Picon Punch**, or simply Picon, is a highball cocktail made with an Amaro liqueur, soda water, grenadine, a splash of lemon, and a bit of brandy floating on top. The drink is identified as Basque, but was created by Basque immigrants in the U.S. and taken back to the Basque region in the Pyrenees. It is popular in Basque restaurants and bars in Boise and southern Idaho, in Bakersfield and rural Northern and Central California, and in Reno throughout Northern Nevada.

The traditional liqueur used (Amer Picon) is made in Marseille, France, and is not readily available in the United States, so Torani Amer has come to be the standard liqueur used. Amaro CioCiaro is another acceptable liqueur that can be substituted.

In Northern Nevada, the Picon Punch is served with ice in a custom stemmed glass produced by the Louie Picon Glass Company of Sparks, Nevada. In other regions, the drink is made in a highball or Collins glass filled with ice.

## Further reading


title: John Artz Farmhouse

abstract: John Artz Farmhouse is a historic building located at 5125 Duffy Road Berne, Ohio near Lancaster.

text:
# John Artz Farmhouse

**John Artz Farmhouse** is a historic building located at 5125 Duffy Road Berne, Ohio near Lancaster.

## Description and history

The farmhouse is a two-story brick building with a gable front and two story wing illustrating the transition between the Greek Revival and Italianate styles. The front gable has a plain entablature with returning cornice at the top. The double hung four over four window display Italianate influences with segmental arches and brick voussoirs. Sidelights flank the wood panel door. Interior features are well preserved and include a central staircase with turned balusters, large wood fireplace mantles and wood trim. This trim is constructed of cherry and walnut wood and the flooring is hardwood chestnut. Many of the farmhouse's thirty-three window retain original glazing.

The property the house occupies was obtained by Jacob Artz in 1818 not long after he came to Fairfield County from Rockingham County, Virginia. He built a log cabin on the property, then spring and smoke houses. His son John Artz built the farmhouse between 1857 and 1860. He occupied the farmhouse from its construction until 1895. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1987.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| John Artz Farmhouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The farmhouse in 2016 | |
| John Artz FarmhouseLocation of farmhouse in OhioJohn Artz FarmhouseLocation in the United States | |
| Location | 5125 Duffy Rd., Berne |
| Coordinates | 39°42′18.48″N 82°30′17.32″W / 39.7051333°N 82.5048111°W / 39.7051333; -82.5048111 |
| Built | 1857 (1857) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival and Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 87000644 |
| Added to NRHP | 23 April 1987 |


title: Phyllidiopsis annae

abstract: Phyllidiopsis annae is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phyllidiidae.

text:
# Phyllidiopsis annae

***Phyllidiopsis annae*** is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phyllidiidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Phi Phi Island, southern Thailand. It has been reported from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Vietnam.

## Description

This nudibranch has a blue dorsum with four longitudinal black lines interspersed with raised ridges. It is a small Phyllidiid, growing to about 15 mm in length. There are black spots in the region between the outer black lines and the edge of the mantle. The rhinophores are black. It is similar to *Phyllidiopsis xishaensis* except for the colour of the rhinophores, which are white in that species. *Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis* is also similar but has three instead of four longitudinal black lines on the mantle.

## Diet

This species feeds on a sponge.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllidiopsis annae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The nudibranch *Phyllidiopsis annae*, Batu Belah, Bali. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Superfamily: | Phyllidioidea |
| Family: | Phyllidiidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllidiopsis* |
| Species: | ***P. annae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllidiopsis annae***<br>Brunckhorst, 1993 | |
|


title: Pictou County Crushers

abstract: The Pictou County Crushers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. They are in the Maritime Junior Hockey League's Eastlink South Division along with five other clubs. The Crushers play their home games at the Pictou County Wellness Centre.

text:
# Pictou County Crushers

The **Pictou County Crushers** are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. They are in the Maritime Junior Hockey League's Eastlink South Division along with five other clubs. The Crushers play their home games at the Pictou County Wellness Centre.

## History

The Crushers originated in Halifax. The franchise, under various names in Nova Scotia's capital city, holds the MHL (formerly the MJAHL) record for most championships with 10. As the **Halifax Oland Exports**, they captured the 2002 Royal Bank Cup on home ice. Due to financial reasons, the team's name was changed to **Halifax Team Pepsi** for the 2003-2004 campaign.

In the spring of 2004, the Weeks Hockey Organization bought the club, moved it to New Glasgow and renamed it the Pictou County Weeks Crushers. The team's name and logo are tied to its founding sponsor, Weeks Construction.

After struggling to attract fans in Halifax's crowded hockey market, the Crushers soared up the attendance ladder in New Glasgow and are now one of the league's top draws at the gate.

The Crushers hosted the 2005 MJAHL All-Star Game and the 2006 MJAHL Entry Draft.

In April 2008, the Crushers were the Fred Page Cup host team. They shocked everyone as the underdogs defeated the defending FPC champion Pembroke Lumber Kings 4-1 in the championship game. With the victory, the Crushers advanced to their first ever Royal Bank Cup, in Cornwall, Ontario. They went 1-4 at the RBC, losing the semifinal game 3-0 to the Camrose Kodiaks.

In November 2012, the Crushers moved out of their former home John Brother MacDonald Stadium that they used from 2004 to 2012 and into the new Pictou County Wellness Center.

The Crushers won their first Kent cup in 2016 defeating the Dieppe Commandos in the final, they have also come close back to back years (2010,2011) by making it to the finals but they lost both times. In 2010 they lost to the Woodstock Slammers 4-1 and, in 2011 they lost to the Summerside Western Capitals 4-0.

## Season-by-season record

| **Season** | **GP** | **W** | **L** | **T** | **OTL** | **GF** | **GA** | **P** | **Results** | **Playoffs** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Halifax Colonels/Blazers** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1972-73 | 40 | 24 | 14 | 2 | - | 201 | 163 | 50 | 3rd MVJHL |  |
| 1973-74 | 34 | 23 | 8 | 3 | - | 211 | 123 | 49 | 3rd MVJHL |  |
| 1974-75 | Statistics Not Available | | | | | | | | | | |
| **Halifax Centennials** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1975-76 | 32 | 14 | 16 | 2 | - | 175 | 192 | 30 | 5th MVJHL |  |
| 1976-77 | 32 | 14 | 12 | 6 | - | 199 | 157 | 34 | 5th MVJHL |  |
| **Halifax Lions** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1977-78 | 36 | 19 | 16 | 1 | - | 177 | 164 | 39 | 3rd MVJHL |  |
| 1978-79 | 34 | 23 | 8 | 3 | - | 200 | 107 | 49 | 1st MVJHL | Won League |
| 1979-80 | Statistics Not Available | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1980-81 | 39 | 30 | 4 | 5 | - | 294 | 127 | 65 | 1st MVJHL |  |
| 1981-82 | 40 | 23 | 13 | 4 | - | 211 | 184 | 50 | 2nd MVJHL | Won League |
| 1982-83 | 39 | 22 | 13 | 4 | - | -- | -- | 48 | 2nd MVJHL | Won League |
| 1983-84 | 40 | 30 | 6 | 4 | - | 358 | 183 | 64 | 1st MVJHL | Won League |
| 1984-85 | 40 | 27 | 9 | 4 | - | 269 | 169 | 58 | 2nd MVJHL |  |
| 1985-86 | 40 | 20 | 18 | 2 | - | 230 | 220 | 42 | 3rd MVJHL |  |
| 1986-87 | 40 | 32 | 7 | 1 | - | 285 | 142 | 65 | 1st MVJHL |  |
| 1987-88 | 40 | 21 | 12 | 7 | - | 237 | 186 | 49 | 1st MVJHL | Won League |
| 1988-89 | 40 | 20 | 12 | 8 | - | 271 | 201 | 48 | 2nd MVJHL |  |
| **Halifax DQ Blizzards** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1989-90 | 40 | 25 | 12 | 3 | - | 313 | 181 | 53 | 2nd MVJHL |  |
| **Halifax Jr. Canadians** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1990-91 | 39 | 25 | 8 | 6 | - | 219 | 157 | 56 | 2nd MVJHL | Won League |
| **Halifax Mooseheads** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1991-92 | 46 | 34 | 7 | 5 | - | 304 | 154 | 73 | 1st MJAHL | Won League |
| 1992-93 | 48 | 26 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 290 | 228 | 60 | 1st MJAHL |  |
| **Halifax Oland Exports** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1993-94 | 48 | 36 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 321 | 202 | 75 | 1st MJAHL |  |
| 1994-95 | 48 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 216 | 188 | 51 | 4th MJAHL |  |
| **Dartmouth Oland Exports** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1995-96 | 54 | 30 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 324 | 274 | 63 | 3rd MJAHL | Won League |
| 1996-97 | 56 | 36 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 321 | 242 | 77 | 1st MJAHL |  |
| 1997-98 | 52 | 34 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 286 | 205 | 71 | 1st MJAHL |  |
| **Halifax Oland Exports** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1998-99 | 48 | 31 | 15 | 2 | - | 231 | 161 | 65 | 2nd MJAHL |  |
| 1999-00 | 52 | 38 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 296 | 178 | 82 | 1st MJAHL | Won League |
| 2000-01 | 52 | 33 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 232 | 188 | 66 | 4th MJAHL |  |
| 2001-02 | 52 | 38 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 260 | 135 | 82 | 1st MJAHL | Won League, Won FPC, Won RBC |
| 2002-03 | 52 | 15 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 164 | 248 | 34 | 9th MJAHL | DNQ |
| **Halifax Team Pepsi** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2003-04 | 52 | 18 | 27 | 4 | 3 | 184 | 223 | 43 | 10th MJAHL | DNQ |
| ***Pictou County Crushers*** | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2004-05 | 56 | 26 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 162 | 168 | 58 | 6th MJAHL | Lost Division Semi-Final |
| 2005-06 | 56 | 31 | 19 | 0 | 6 | 173 | 170 | 69 | 4th MJAHL | Lost Division Final |
| 2006-07 | 58 | 24 | 28 | 0 | 6 | 191 | 208 | 54 | 9th MJAHL | Lost Division Semi-Final |
| 2007-08 | 58 | 35 | 21 | - | 2 | 246 | 180 | 72 | 5th MJAHL | Lost Division Final, Won FPC |
| 2008-09 | 54 | 25 | 23 | - | 6 | 154 | 177 | 56 | 8th MJAHL | Lost Division Semi-Final |
| 2009-10 | 49 | 27 | 21 | - | 1 | 159 | 157 | 55 | 5th MJAHL | Lost Final |
| 2010-11 | 52 | 31 | 16 | - | 5 | 199 | 152 | 67 | 3rd MHL | Lost Final |
| 2011-12 | 52 | 27 | 18 | - | 7 | 187 | 191 | 61 | 5th MHL | Lost Mini Series |
| 2012-13 | 52 | 28 | 19 | - | 5 | 199 | 185 | 61 | 6th MHL | Lost Division Semi-Final |
| 2013-14 | 52 | 35 | 12 | - | 5 | 204 | 137 | 75 | 3rd MHL | Lost Division Final |
| 2014-15 | 48 | 29 | 14 | - | 5 | 182 | 167 | 63 | 3rd MHL | Lost Division Semi-Final |
| 2015-16 | 48 | 25 | 18 | - | 5 | 172 | 143 | 55 | 7th MHL | Won Div. Semi-Final 4-2 (Wildcats)
Won Div. Finals, 4-1 (Lumberjacks)
Won League Finals, 4-2 (Commandos) |
| 2016-17 | 50 | 38 | 9 | - | 3 | 265 | 145 | 79 | **1st MHL** | Lost Div. Semi-Final 3-4 (Ramblers) |
| 2017-18 | 50 | 21 | 24 | - | 5 | 157 | 173 | 47 | 9th MHL | DNQ |
| 2018-19 | 50 | 22 | 21 | - | 7 | 170 | 178 | 51 | 8th MHL | DNQ |
| 2019-20 | 52 | 29 | 21 | - | 2 | 174 | 159 | 60 | 8th MHL | Div. Semi-Final 0-0 (Ramblers).
Playoffs Cancelled due to Covid-19 Pandemic. |
| 2020-21 | *Season cancelled due to Covid-19 Pandemic* | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021-22 | 39 | 15 | 19 | - | 5 | 129 | 154 | 35 | 9th MHL | DNQ |
| 2022-23 | 52 | 23 | 29 | - | 0 | 210 | 216 | 46 | 8th MHL | Lost Div. Semi-Final 4-0 (Mariners) |
| 2023-24 | 52 | 21 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 223 | 217 | 58 | 3rd of 6 South
6th of 12 MHL | Lost Div. Semi-Final 2-4 (Ramblers) |

## Fred Page Cup

**Eastern Canada Championships**
*MHL \- QAAAJHL \- CCHL \- Host*
Round robin play with 2nd vs 3rd in semi-final to advance against 1st in the finals.

| Year | Round Robin | Record | Standing | SemiFinal | Gold Medal Game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | L, Longueuil Collège Français 1-4
L, Carleton Place Canadians 1-3
L, Woodstock Slammers 1-9 | 0-2-0 | 4th of 4 | Failed to qualify for playoffs | |

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Pictou County Crushers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| League | Maritime Junior Hockey League |
| Division | Eastlink South Division |
| Founded | 1967 (Halifax Colonels) |
| Home arena | Pictou County Wellness Centre |
| Colours | Red, Black and White |
| Owner(s) | Bruce Ryan & Scott Burden |
| General manager | Willie MacDonald |
| Head coach | Garrett Lambke |
| Media | Crushers Official Site |
| Franchise history | |
| 1967 - 1973 | Halifax Colonels |
| 1973 - 1975 | Halifax Blazers |
| 1975-1977 | Halifax Centennials |
| 1977-1989 | Halifax Lions |
| 1989-1990 | Halifax DQ Blizzards |
| 1990-1991 | Halifax Jr. Canadians |
| 1991-1993 | Halifax Mooseheads |
| 1993-1994 | Halifax Oland Exports |
| 1995-1998 | Dartmouth Oland Exports |
| 1998-2003 | Halifax Oland Exports |
| 2003-2004 | Halifax Team Pepsi |
| 2004-Present | Weeks Jr 'A' Crushers |


title: Phragmocalosphaeria

abstract: Phragmocalosphaeria is a monotypic genus of fungi in the family Calosphaeriaceae. It contains the sole species Phragmocalosphaeria piskorzii

text:
# Phragmocalosphaeria

***Phragmocalosphaeria*** is a monotypic genus of fungi in the family Calosphaeriaceae. It contains the sole species ***Phragmocalosphaeria piskorzii***

*Phragmocalosphaeria* in *Index Fungorum*

## InfoBox

| *Phragmocalosphaeria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Subclass: | Sordariomycetidae |
| Order: | Calosphaeriales |
| Family: | Calosphaeriaceae |
| Genus: | ***Phragmocalosphaeria***
Petr. 1923 |
| Species: | ***P. piskorzii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| *****Phragmocalosphaeria piskorzii*****
Petr. 1923 | |
|


title: Pier 7 Heliport

abstract: Pier 7 Heliport is a heliport located two miles east of Baltimore, Maryland, United States, on the Chesapeake Bay.

text:
# Pier 7 Heliport

**Pier 7 Heliport** (FAA LID: **4MD**) is a heliport located two miles east of Baltimore, Maryland, United States, on the Chesapeake Bay.

## History

Baltimore Helicopter Services was granted access to Washington National Airport without having to land at a gateway airport in 2013.

## InfoBox

| Pier 7 Heliport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Operator | 1800 SOUTH CLINTON STREET, LLC |
| Serves | Canton, Maryland |
| Built | 2006 |
| Elevation AMSL | 16 ft / 5 m |
| Coordinates | 39°16′17″N 76°34′21″W / 39.2715°N 76.5724°W / 39.2715; -76.5724 |
| Map | |
| **4MD**Location of airport in Maryland | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  H1 45 14 Concrete | |
| Statistics (2014) | |
|  | |


title: Physematium

abstract: Physematium is a genus of ferns in the family Woodsiaceae. It was treated as a synonym of Woodsia until 2020 when a molecular phylogenetic study showed its distinctiveness. As of June 2023, Plants of the World Online continued to treat the genus as a synonym of Woodsia.

text:
# Physematium

***Physematium*** is a genus of ferns in the family Woodsiaceae. It was treated as a synonym of *Woodsia* until 2020 when a molecular phylogenetic study showed its distinctiveness. As of June 2023, Plants of the World Online continued to treat the genus as a synonym of *Woodsia*.

## Species

As of June 2023, World Ferns accepted 20 species and two hybrids:

## InfoBox

| *Physematium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Physematium oreganum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
| Family: | Woodsiaceae |
| Genus: | *Physematium*<br>Kaulf. |
|
| Species | |
| See text. | |


title: John Broome (politician)

abstract: John Broome was an American merchant and politician who was the lieutenant governor of New York, from 1804 to 1810.

text:
# John Broome (politician)

**John Broome** (July 19, 1738 – August 8, 1810) was an American merchant and politician who was the lieutenant governor of New York, from 1804 to 1810.

## Early life

Broome was born on Staten Island in the Province of New York on July 19, 1738. He was the youngest of four children born to Samuel Broome (1685/93–1771), a staunch Presbyterian, and Marie (née LaTourette) Broome (1693–1774). His maternal grandparents were Jean LaTourette and Marie Mercereau, who were French Huguenots.

Broome studied law with William Livingston, but about 1762 abandoned a legal career to join his brother Samuel in a partnership to import British goods.

## Career

In 1775, Broome joined the military for the American Revolution when he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Second New York City Regiment of Militia, which was commanded by John Jay.

He was a member of the New York Provincial Congress from 1775 to 1777, and a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1777.

### Post-Revolutionary War

He was an Alderman in 1783-84 and 1785–86, and New York City Treasurer in 1784. He was the president of the New York City Chamber of Commerce from 1785 to 1794 and was engaged in trade with India and China at that time. He is said to have launched the importation of tea from China with an initial shipment of 2 million pounds.

In August 1795, during an outbreak of yellow fever, he was the chairman of the city's Health Committee, appointed by Governor George Clinton the previous year, and kept on by Clinton's rival John Jay despite Broome's prominence at a partisan rally to oppose the treaty Jay had just negotiated with the British since health was not considered a partisan issue. The health committee denied there was an epidemic and played down the number of deaths, attributing them to other causes.

Broome twice ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Congress; first in March 1789 against Federalist candidate John Laurance, and then again in April 1802 against Federalist candidate Joshua Sands. Broome was a member of New York County of the New York State Assembly in 1800-01 and 1802, and a member of the New York State Senate in 1804.

### Lieutenant Governor of New York

Broome was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York three times, serving from July 1804 until he died in office in August 1810. He initially defeated Oliver Phelps in 1804 and then won re-election over Thomas Storm in 1807 and Nicholas Fish in 1810. He served under two Governors of New York—first under Morgan Lewis (1804–1807), and then under Daniel D. Tompkins (1807–1810). Broome's death occurred a month into his third term, so that at first the President pro tempore of the State Senate John Tayler became acting lieutenant governor, and in April 1811 DeWitt Clinton won a special election to serve for the remainder of the term.

## Personal life

On October 19, 1769, he married Rebecca Lloyd (1747–1800) and they had several children, including:

* John Lloyd Broome (d. 1836), who was the father of U.S. Navy officer John L. Broome (1824–1898).
* Julia Adel Broome (1776–1844), who married John Walter Livingston (1778–1860), great-grandson of Philip Livingston.
* Caroline Matilda Broome (1783–1861), who married Darby Noon (1783–1823)

On July 9, 1806, Broome married Ruth Hunter (c.1757–1840), the widow of auctioneer Robert Hunter (c.1735–1800) and mother of State Senator John Hunter (1778–1852).

Like a very large number of New York City residents, Broome held people as slaves.

Broome's remains were initially buried in the churchyard of the First Presbyterian Church in New York on Wall Street in New York City. However, they were moved in the 1840s when the church relocated to Fifth Avenue between 11th and 12th Streets in Greenwich Village in Manhattan.

### Descendants

Through his son John, he was the grandfather of Marine Corps officer John Lloyd Broome (1824–1898).

Through his daughter Julia, he was the grandfather of Adele Caroline Livingston (1810/3–1841), who married New York merchant Joseph Sampson (1793–1872), themselves the parents of Adele Livingston Sampson (wife of Frederic W. Stevens and Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord) and grandparents of Adele Livingston "Daisy" Stevens (1864–1939), who was married to Frederick Hobbes Allen (1858–1937), a prominent international lawyer who was the son of Elisha Hunt Allen (1804–1883), former U.S. Representative from Maine and the United States Minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1856 until he died in 1883, and the grandson of Samuel Clesson Allen (1772–1842), a Senator from Massachusetts.

### Legacy

Broome County, New York, and the Town of Broome in Schoharie County, New York are named after him, as well as Broome Street in Manhattan in New York City.

Notes Sources

## InfoBox

| John Broome | |
| --- | --- |
| John Broome as depicted in 1895's *Makers of New York*. | |
|  | |
| Lieutenant Governor of New York | |
| **In office**
July 1804  August 8, 1810 | |
| Governor | Morgan Lewis (1804–1807)
Daniel D. Tompkins (1807–1810) |
| Preceded by | Jeremiah Van Rensselaer |
| Succeeded by | John Tayler |
| Member of the New York Provincial Congress | |
| **In office**
1775–1777 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 19, 1738
Staten Island, Province of New York, British America |
| Died | August 8, 1810(1810-08-08) (aged 72)
Manhattan, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Spouses | *   Rebecca Lloyd
(m. 1769; died 1800) *   Ruth Hunter
(m. 18061810) |
| Relations | John L. Broome (grandson) |
| Parent(s) | Samuel Broome
Marie LaTourette |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Thirteen Colonies |
| Branch/service | New York State Militia |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel |
| Battles/wars | Revolutionary War |
|  | |


title: John Crombie (minister)

abstract: John Crombie (1789–1872) was a minister of the Church of Scotland, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1856.

text:
# John Crombie (minister)

**John Crombie** (17891872) was a minister of the Church of Scotland, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1856.

## Life

He was born in 1789 the son of Francis Crombie, a schoolteacher, and his wife, Jean Fair. He studied at St Andrews University, graduating MA in 1822.

He was ordained at St Andrew's Scots Church in London in January 1819. Whilst in London St Andrews University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Divinity in 1832. Crombie translated to Aberlemno in September 1841. Staying in the established church in the Disruption of 1843 he translated to Scone (near Perth) in March 1844.

In 1856 he succeeded Andrew Bell of Linlithgow as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the highest position in the Scottish Church. He was succeeded in turn by James Robertson.

He died on 4 December 1872.

## Family

In October 1827 he married Frances Liddle (d.1850) of St Dunstan's in Stepney. They had several children:

* Frances (b.1833)
* Jean (b.1835)
* Isabella Christie Crombie (b.1840) married Rev John Martin of Bonhill, died in Welshpool in Australia
* John Liddle Crombie (1842-1920) doctor in North Berwick
* Louisa Crombie (1844-1920) died in Perth

## Publications

* *Statistical Account of Aberlemno* (1845)
* *The Character and Offices of Christ*


title: John Constable (Jesuit)

abstract: John Constable was an English Jesuit controversial writer.

text:
# John Constable (Jesuit)

**John Constable** (alias Lacey; pen-name Clerophilus Alethes) (10 November 1676 or 1678, in Lincolnshire  28 March 1743) was an English Jesuit controversial writer.

## Life

In 1695 he entered the Society of Jesus. For many years he served the Fitzherbert family at Swinnerton, where he is buried.

## Works

Constable's chief controversial opponents were:

* Pierre François le Courayer (1681–1776) who championed Anglican orders, came over to England in 1728, was lionized, and eventually buried in the cloisters of Westminster; and
* Charles Dodd, a pseudonym of Hugh Tootell, who wrote, Constable maintained, with a prejudice against Jesuits.

The chief writings of Constable are:

* "Remarks on Courayer's Book in Defense of English Ordinations, wherein their invalidity is fully proved", an answer to Courayer's "Dissertations" of 1723;
* "The Stratagem Discovered to show that Courayer writes 'Booty', and is only a sham defender of these ordinations", by "Clerophilus Alethes" (8vo, 1729), against Joseph Trapp, *The Church of England Defended Against the Calumnies and False Reasoning of the Church of Rome* (1727):
* "Doctrine of Antiquity concerning the Eucharist" by "Clerophilus Alethes" (8vo, 1736);
* "Specimen of Amendments proposed to the Compiler of 'The Church History of England'", by "Clerophilus Alethes" (12mo, 1741);
* "Advice to the Author of 'The Church History of England'", manuscript at Stonyhurst.

Joseph Gillow enumerates a few other writings by Constable.

Attribution