title: The Culture of Collaboration

abstract:
The Culture of Collaboration is a business book by Evan Rosen. It's the first book in The Culture of Collaboration series by Rosen. The second book in the series is The Bounty Effect: 7 Steps to the Culture of Collaboration. The Bounty Effect includes a back-cover endorsement from Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple. The Culture of Collaboration is a gold medal winner in the Axiom Business Book Awards. The book explores how collaborative culture is changing business models and the nature of work. The author goes inside highly-collaborative organizations including Boeing, Toyota, the Dow Chemical Company, Procter & Gamble, DreamWorks Animation, Industrial Light & Magic, the Myelin Repair Foundation, and the Mayo Clinic. He explains how their methods can create value in almost any industry. The book also describes the trend towards real-time, spontaneous collaboration and the deserialization of interaction and work. In his preface, Rosen explains that his idea for the book originated when he was invited to the BMW engineering center in Munich during the final design stage for the X5 sports activity vehicle. Among the terms Rosen coins in the book are mirror zones and the ten cultural elements of collaboration. According to a review by the Axiom Business Book Awards, “Whether it is dealing with the changing trends of business or the basic cultural elements that enable collaboration, Rosen is able to offer insight on every situation.” In his review of The Culture of Collaboration, author and business journalist James Srodes writes, “Evan Rosen, a San Francisco-based corporate strategist, has produced the best of the current crop…The culture of collaboration is already what is happening in what may be the most exciting business development since the assembly line.” Business leaders who provided back-cover endorsements for The Culture of Collaboration include Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia; Scott Cook, founder and Chairman of the Executive Committee of Intuit; Jeff Raikes, CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and former Microsoft president, Douglas E. Van Houweling, President and CEO of Internet2, and Eugene Kranz, flight director of Apollo 13.
A Russian language edition of The Culture of Collaboration is published by Ecom Publishers of Moscow. The Bounty Effect: 7 Steps to The Culture of Collaboration provides a framework for replacing obsolete Industrial Age organizational structures based on command-and-control with collaborative organizational structures designed for the Information Age. The book gets its name from the mutiny that occurred on the H.M.S. Bounty in 1789. Rosen uses the mutiny to illustrate how exigent circumstances compel companies, governments and organizations to change their structures from command-and-control to collaborative. According to a review in Publishers Weekly: “In his book, Rosen, an internationally recognized collaboration and communication strategist, presents seven steps to establishing a collaborative culture within an organization, moving away from the Industrial Age mentality to one better suited for the Information Age.”

text:
# The Culture of Collaboration

The Bounty Effect: 7 Steps to the Culture of Collaboration
| Author | Evan Rosen |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Series | *The Culture of Collaboration* |
| Genre | Business, business structural adjustment, organizational change |
| Publisher | Red Ape Publishing |
| Publication date | 2013 |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | x, 329 pp. |
| ISBN | 978-0-9774617-7-6 |
| OCLC | 824088001 |

***The Culture of Collaboration*** is a business book by Evan Rosen. It's the first book in The *Culture of Collaboration* series by Rosen. The second book in the series is *The Bounty Effect: 7 Steps to the Culture of Collaboration*. *The Bounty Effect* includes a back-cover endorsement from Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple.

*The Culture of Collaboration* is a gold medal winner in the Axiom Business Book Awards. The book explores how collaborative culture is changing business models and the nature of work. The author goes inside highly-collaborative organizations including Boeing, Toyota, the Dow Chemical Company, Procter & Gamble, DreamWorks Animation, Industrial Light & Magic, the Myelin Repair Foundation, and the Mayo Clinic. He explains how their methods can create value in almost any industry. The book also describes the trend towards real-time, spontaneous collaboration and the deserialization of interaction and work. In his preface, Rosen explains that his idea for the book originated when he was invited to the BMW engineering center in Munich during the final design stage for the X5 sports activity vehicle. Among the terms Rosen coins in the book are *mirror zones* and the *ten cultural elements of collaboration.*

According to a review by the Axiom Business Book Awards, “Whether it is dealing with the changing trends of business or the basic cultural elements that enable collaboration, Rosen is able to offer insight on every situation.” In his review of *The Culture of Collaboration*, author and business journalist James Srodes writes, “Evan Rosen, a San Francisco-based corporate strategist, has produced the best of the current crop…The culture of collaboration is already what is happening in what may be the most exciting business development since the assembly line.”

Business leaders who provided back-cover endorsements for *The Culture of Collaboration* include Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia; Scott Cook, founder and Chairman of the Executive Committee of Intuit; Jeff Raikes, CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and former Microsoft president, Douglas E. Van Houweling, President and CEO of Internet2, and Eugene Kranz, flight director of Apollo 13. A Russian language edition of *The Culture of Collaboration* is published by Ecom Publishers of Moscow.

*The Bounty Effect: 7 Steps to The Culture of Collaboration* provides a framework for replacing obsolete Industrial Age organizational structures based on command-and-control with collaborative organizational structures designed for the Information Age. The book gets its name from the mutiny that occurred on the H.M.S. Bounty in 1789. Rosen uses the mutiny to illustrate how exigent circumstances compel companies, governments and organizations to change their structures from command-and-control to collaborative. According to a review in *Publishers Weekly*: “In his book, Rosen, an internationally recognized collaboration and communication strategist, presents seven steps to establishing a collaborative culture within an organization, moving away from the Industrial Age mentality to one better suited for the Information Age.”

## InfoBox

The Culture of Collaboration
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Evan Rosen |
| Language | English |
| Series | *The Culture of Collaboration* |
| Genre | Business, business structural adjustment, organizational change |
| Publisher | Red Ape Publishing |
| Publication date | 2007, 2009 |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | xii, 304 pp. |
| ISBN | 978-0-9774617-0-7 |
| OCLC | 70884988 |


title: Faber Music

abstract: Faber Music is a British sheet music publisher best known for contemporary classical music. It also publishes music tutor books, and in 2005 acquired popular music publisher International Music Publications. Faber Music has close relations to the book publisher Faber and Faber. Faber's subsidiary Rights Worldwide Ltd offers copyright administration services to composers and Tv and film production companies.

text:
# Faber Music

**Faber Music** is a British sheet music publisher best known for contemporary classical music. It also publishes music tutor books, and in 2005 acquired popular music publisher International Music Publications.

Faber Music has close relations to the book publisher Faber and Faber. Faber's subsidiary Rights Worldwide Ltd offers copyright administration services to composers and Tv and film production companies.

## History

Faber Music Ltd was founded in 1965 as a sister company to Faber and Faber. Its foundation was led by the composer Benjamin Britten who needed a quality publisher to promote and distribute his compositions. *The Times* newspaper praised the newly founded company as "the new champion of quality in music publishing".

Faber Music incorporated as a limited company in 1992, changed its name to International Music Publications Limited in 1992 and became Faber Music Ltd in 2011. It is wholly owned by Geoffrey Faber Holdings Ltd.

## Catalogue

Faber Music counts among its publications works by noted British composers such as Ralph Vaughan Williams, Malcolm Arnold, Gustav Holst, Benjamin Britten, Colin Matthews and David Matthews, Julian Anderson, Nicholas Maw, Tansy Davies, George Benjamin, Thomas Adès, Oliver Knussen, John Woolrich and Jonathan Harvey.

Among its publications of works by international composers are those of Francisco Coll, Anders Hillborg, Peter Sculthorpe, Carl Vine, Matthew Hindson and Danny Elfman.

Faber also published music scores for stage, film and television, including Andrew Lloyd Webber’s *Cats*, the concert works of Paul McCartney, Anna Meredith, Howard Goodall (*Vicar of Dibley*, *Mr. Bean*), Jonny Greenwood (There Will Be Blood) and Carl Davis (*Pride and Prejudice*, *Cranford*, and *Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film*).

## InfoBox

Faber Music
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1965 |
| Founder | Benjamin Britten and Donald Mitchell |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Headquarters location | London |
| Publication types | Sheet music |
| Official website | www.fabermusic.com |


title: Fabergé (cosmetics)

abstract: Fabergé is a brand name that was inspired by the House of Fabergé jewellery firm, which had been founded in 1842 in Russia. The name was used for various personal care products that were manufactured under the direction of Samuel Rubin, and then by George Barrie. The Fabergé company was sold by Barrie in 1984, and was subsequently acquired by Unilever in 1989. In 2007, the Fabergé trademarks, licences and rights were sold by Unilever and transferred to a new company named Fabergé Limited, which announced its intention to make Fabergé a luxury goods brand.

text:
# Fabergé (cosmetics)

**Fabergé** (French: \[fabɛʁʒe\]) is a brand name that was inspired by the House of Fabergé jewellery firm, which had been founded in 1842 in Russia. The name was used for various personal care products (including cosmetics) that were manufactured under the direction of Samuel Rubin (from the late 1930s to 1964), and then by George Barrie (from 1964 to 1984). The Fabergé company was sold by Barrie in 1984, and was subsequently acquired by Unilever in 1989.

In 2007, the Fabergé trademarks, licences and rights were sold by Unilever and transferred to a new company named Fabergé Limited, which announced its intention to make Fabergé a luxury goods brand.

## History

### Samuel Rubin

During the course of business ventures in communist Russia during the 1920s, American oil tycoon Armand Hammer acquired many objects made by the original House of Fabergé, including Fabergé eggs. In 1937, Hammer's friend Samuel Rubin, owner of the Spanish Trading Corporation (which imported soap and olive oil), closed down his company because of the Spanish Civil War and established a new enterprise to manufacture perfumes and toiletries. Rubin registered his new firm in 1937 as Fabergé Inc., at Hammer's suggestion.

The Fabergé family did not learn about this until after World War II ended. Unable to afford protracted and expensive litigation, they settled out of court in 1951, for US$25,000 (equal to $293,462 today) for the Fabergé name to be used in connection with perfume. Soon, Rubin added cosmetics and toiletries under the Fabergé banner, usually sold in upscale department stores. Fabergé had a high-prestige status, similar to its rivals Coty, Guerlain and Elizabeth Arden.

### George Barrie

In 1964, Rubin sold Fabergé Inc. for $26 million to George Barrie and the Rayette cosmetics company. In 1964, Rayette changed its name to Rayette-Fabergé Inc., then in 1971, the company name was changed again to Fabergé Inc. From 1964 to 1984, under the direction of Barrie, Fabergé launched many successful cosmetics products and hired celebrities to endorse them. In addition, a media division made feature movies.

Barrie supervised the introduction of the popular Brut toiletry line for Fabergé, which was promoted by football players Joe Namath, Paul Gascoigne and Kevin Keegan, as well as boxer Henry Cooper and actress Kelly LeBrock, among others. Brut became the best-selling cologne in the world at that time.

In 1967, movie star Cary Grant was appointed as a "creative consultant" to Rayette-Fabergé. He spent a year attending sales conventions and visited Fabergé plants around the world. In May 1968, Grant was elected as a member of Fabergé's board of directors. He received a salary of $15,000 per year, a rent-paid luxury apartment in New York City (where Fabergé's HQ was located), unlimited travel expenses and use of the company's private fleet of planes and helicopters. By 1970, Grant divided his time between Los Angeles and New York. He never endorsed specific products or appeared in commercials.

In 1970, future James Bond actor Roger Moore became another celebrity board member. Also in 1970, Barrie established Fabergé's film-making division, Brut Productions, which produced the Academy Award-winning movie *A Touch of Class* in 1973, and other feature movies.

Barrie launched the 'Babe' fragrance in 1976 which, in its first year, became Fabergé's largest-selling women's fragrance worldwide. The granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway, model and actress Margaux Hemingway, received a $1 million contract to promote the 'Babe by Fabergé' perfume in a very popular advertising campaign. Her famous Babe campaign was remembered again by millions after her mysterious death in 1996. Babe received two awards from the Fragrance Foundation for its launch – 'Most Successful Introduction of a Women's Fragrance in Popular Distribution' and 'Best Advertising Campaign for Women's Fragrance'.

In 1977, Barrie launched the Farrah Fawcett hair product and fragrance lines, and he signed the actress and star of *Charlie's Angels* to a promotional contract with Fabergé. A famous Fabergé TV ad featured Joe Namath being shaved by Farrah Fawcett.

By 1984, the company had expanded its personal care products to Aphrodisia, Aqua Net Hair Spray, Babe, Cavale, Brut, Ceramic Nail glaze, Flambeau, Great Skin, Grande Finale, Just Wonderful, Macho, Kiku, Partage, Tip Top Accessories, Tigress, Woodhue, Xandu, Zizanie de Fragonard, Caryl Richards, Farrah Fawcett, and Fabergé Organics.

### Meshulam Riklis

In 1984, McGregor Corporation (controlled by Israeli financier Meshulam Riklis), the marketer of Botany 500 clothing, acquired Fabergé and discontinued many Fabergé-branded products. The company launched Mcgregor by Fabergé cologne the same year. New product lines were introduced, including men's, women's and children's apparel under the trademarks Billy the Kid, Scoreboard and Wonderknit.

In 1986, Mark Goldston, a specialist in evaluating areas of untapped sales and profit, was named president of Fabergé. He was principally responsible for targeting and acquiring Elizabeth Arden from Eli Lilly and Company. In 1988, Fabergé bought Sea & Ski.

### Unilever

In 1989, an American subsidiary of Unilever bought Fabergé Inc. (along with Elizabeth Arden) for US$1.55 billion. The chairman of Unilever stated that the acquisition would increase the size of Unilever's personal products business by more than 25 percent.

In 2001, Lever Fabergé was formed through the merger of Lever Brothers and Elida Fabergé, two long-established Unilever companies. Lever Fabergé today owns hundreds of cosmetics, household and other brands, including Dove, Impulse, Sure, Axe, Organics, Timotei, Signal, Comfort, Domestos, Surf, Sun, and Cif. Unilever removed the Fabergé name from all of its products and packaging. Brut is now marketed in Europe by Brut Parfums Prestige.

### Fabergé Limited

On January 3, 2007, Pallinghurst Resources (now Gemfields), an investment advisory firm based in London, announced that it had acquired Unilever's entire global portfolio of trademarks, licences and associated rights relating to the Fabergé brand name for an undisclosed sum. The trademarks, licences and associated rights were transferred to a newly constituted company, named Fabergé Limited, which was registered in the Cayman Islands.

In October 2007, the company announced that it intended to restore Fabergé to its rightful position as a leading purveyor of enduring and endearing personal possessions. Furthermore, it announced the reunification of the Fabergé brand and the Fabergé family, with Tatiana Fabergé and Sarah Fabergé (both great-granddaughters of Peter Carl Fabergé) becoming founding members of the Fabergé Heritage Council, a division of Fabergé Limited that was to offer counsel to the new company. The new owners aimed to make Fabergé a luxury goods brand and to sell individually branded Fabergé gemstones, with guaranteed provenance and ethical sourcing of the stones. Mark Dunhill became the CEO in 2007, and the company launched its 'Haute Couture' jewellery collection in 2009.

## Promotion

The cologne Brut 33 by Fabergé had a product placement in the 1974 James Bond movie *The Man with the Golden Gun*. During a fight in the dancer's dressing room, Roger Moore sprays two of the villains in the face with an aerosol can of what is Brut-33 anti-perspirant, a nod to the Fabergé company with which Moore was associated.

Limited licences to endorse products with the Fabergé name were given to Barbie, Limoges, The Franklin Mint and others.


title: Fabergé Museum

abstract: The Fabergé Museum is a privately owned museum located in the German spa city of Baden-Baden exhibiting different collections, among them, items made by the Russian jewellery firm Fabergé, as well as Fauxbergé pieces. It was opened by Russian art collector Alexander Ivanov on 9 May 2009. It is owned by the private limited company Fabergé Museum GmbH, which was originally co-founded by Alexander Ivanov and Konstantin Goloshchapov in January 2008.

text:
# Fabergé Museum

The **Fabergé Museum** is a privately owned museum located in the German spa city of Baden-Baden exhibiting different collections, among them, items made by the Russian jewellery firm Fabergé, as well as Fauxbergé pieces. It was opened by Russian art collector Alexander Ivanov on 9 May 2009. It is owned by the private limited company Fabergé Museum GmbH, which was originally co-founded by Alexander Ivanov and Konstantin Goloshchapov in January 2008.

## Description

The museum's collection contains different items, made by Fabergé, but also a number of Fauxbergé pieces, including several eggs, as denounced by several Fabergé experts on occasion of an exhibition held in the Hermitage Museum in 2020-2021.

Ivanov said his museum building cost about 17 million euros to buy and renovate, including a 1 million euro security system. He chose Baden-Baden, near Germany’s western border, because it is “quiet and nice, middle in Europe, close to France and Switzerland, a resort for the rich, and historically it has always been the most popular resort for Russians.”

Ivanov said that one reason that he opened the museum in Germany was due to safety concerns. He told Britain's *Independent* newspaper: "It's very difficult \[in Russia\] because of all the administrative barriers \[...\] You have to be indebted to someone, and you can never feel that your collection is safe – not from the state, not from bandits, not from anyone. In Germany we spend serious money on security of course, but at least you know that the state itself won't do anything."

The museum's first year was marked by a bitter court conflict. In April 2009, just a month before the official opening, a company calling itself Faberge Ltd. that is registered in the Cayman Islands and owned by the Gilbertson family of South Africa filed a lawsuit over rights to the Fabergé trademark. This made the Fabergé museum’s first year a difficult one. While the case was pending, the museum couldn’t use the Fabergé name, which meant no advertising or even a sign on the door. In January 2010, a German court ruled in favor of the Fabergé Museum, and it immediately began to resume functioning with full right to use the Fabergé name.

In May 2012, the Fabergé Museum opened a new permanent exhibition titled *Gold of the World*. It consists of just over 100 gold items from various civilizations and continents that date from the 6th century B.C. up until the mid-20th century. Among the items are an ancient Iranian chalice, ancient Greek jewelry, Fabergé cigarette cases, Aztec and Inca gold jewelry, and a very rare 18th-century British gold trophy.

## Rothschild Fabergé egg

The most significant item in the museum's collection was the Rothschild Fabergé egg, which was made as an engagement gift from Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild to her brother's fiancée. Ivanov bought it at Christie's auction house in London on 28 November 2007, for £8 million (£8,980,500 including buyer's premium), almost $16.5 million at the time.

On 8 December 2014, Russia's President Vladimir Putin gifted the Rothschild Fabergé egg to the Hermitage Museum on occasion of its 250th anniversary. Days before this gift was made, British and German customs officers raided the Fabergé Museum. Ivanov said that the officers' actions were politically motivated, coming amid tensions between the West and Russia, and hoping to ruin the gift ceremony and embarrass Russia's head of state.

Actually, British investigators at the behest of UK's HM Revenue and Customs department, claimed that the museum had failed to pay nearly £70,000 in Value Added Tax (VAT) on artifacts purchased over the past 15 years at major auction houses in London. The raids were carried out with support from Germany's Financial Investigation and Customs Department. The museum denied the charges and declared that nothing incriminating was found during the operation.

About the Rothschild Egg, when Ivanov bought the egg in London in 2007 he claimed a VAT refund of approximately £600,000 because he had the egg shipped to Russia, which exempted the purchase from EU tax, but investigators suspected it had been first transported to Germany. When investigators raided the museum, its director told them that the egg had been loaned to Baden-Baden briefly for an exhibition and then sent back to Moscow.

## Scandal in the Hermitage

In January 2021, an art dealer specialized in Fabergé claimed in an open letter to the Hermitage Museum Mikhail Piotrovsky that a number of items (including five eggs) on display at the exhibition “Fabergé: Jeweller to the Imperial Court” (25 November 2020 – 14 March 2021), were fakes (so-called Fauxbergé). The scandal was echoed by the international press.

Fabergé scholar Geza von Habsburg told the BBC regarding this issue: "*Judging by the photographs and descriptions published online, all of the so-called 're-found Fabergé Imperial Easter Eggs' from the museum in Baden-Baden displayed in this exhibition are fakes, in my opinion*." Other leading Fabergé experts such as Alexander von Solodkoff and Ulla Tillander-Godenhielm also doubted its authenticity.

At least 46 of the 91 items displayed in the Hermitage temporary exhibition came from the Fabergé Museum in Baden-Baden. According to the art dealer who uncovered the scandal, around 40% of 91 Fabergé items exhibited were counterfeits.

## InfoBox

Fabergé Museum
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Fabergé MuseumFabergé Museum in Baden-BadenFabergé MuseumFabergé Museum (Germany) | |
| Established | 15 May 2009 |
| Location | Baden-Baden, Germany |
| Coordinates | 48°45′43″N 8°14′35″E / 48.762°N 8.243°E / 48.762; 8.243 |
| Collection size | over 1,500 items |
| Founder | Alexander Ivanov |
| Website | www.faberge-museum.de |


title: Manchego cuisine

abstract: Manchego cuisine refers to the typical dishes and ingredients in the cuisine of the Castilla–La Mancha region of Spain. These include pisto, gazpacho manchego, Manchego cheese, the white wine of La Mancha, and the red wine from Valdepeñas (DO). The dishes and specialties of the region are generally sober and sensible, reflecting a modest, rural origin. They contain a limited number of ingredients that tend to be those most easily accessible by the locals. Dishes tend to be high in calories, ideal for the diets of laborers, farmers, and shepherds. The cuisine of this area was popularized by Miguel de Cervantes in his early-17th-century novel Don Quixote, in which a number of traditional dishes are mentioned.

text:
# Manchego cuisine

**Manchego cuisine** (**Manchegan cuisine** or **Castilian-Manchego cuisine**) refers to the typical dishes and ingredients in the cuisine of the Castilla–La Mancha region of Spain. These include *pisto* (a vegetable stew with tomato sauce), *gazpacho manchego*, Manchego cheese, the white wine of La Mancha, and the red wine from Valdepeñas (DO).

The dishes and specialties of the region are generally sober and sensible, reflecting a modest, rural origin. They contain a limited number of ingredients that tend to be those most easily accessible by the locals. Dishes tend to be high in calories, ideal for the diets of laborers, farmers, and shepherds. The cuisine of this area was popularized by Miguel de Cervantes in his early-17th-century novel *Don Quixote*, in which a number of traditional dishes are mentioned.

## Staples

In La Mancha, traditional dishes include *gachas de almorta*, a paste made with grass pea *(Lathirus sativus)* flour, and *tortas de gazpacho*, a flat bread that is the base for the "gazpachos", an elaborate dish appearing in El Quixote under the name of "galianos".

## Fruits and vegetables

### Local ingredients

One of the local vegetables is the bladder campion (*Silene vulgaris*) plant, known colloquially as *collejas.* These plants are traditionally gathered in the mountains of La Mancha (as well as others parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia) and used for a variety of dishes.

Like most Spanish cuisine, many local dishes contain garlic, including *tiznao* (salt cod with spring onions) and *atascaburras* (salt cod with mashed potatoes, also called *ajoarriero*). Additionally, the *ñora*, a cultivated version of the *Capsicum annuum* pepper from Valencia, is often used in local dishes such as *manitas de cerdo* (pig's feet) and *migas*.

Standalone products include *Berenjena de Almagro,* a variety of small aubergines that are grown in Almagro, Ciudad Real. These are seasoned and pickled according to a traditional recipe and usually eaten as a snack or side dish.

### Vegetarian dishes

There are not many purely vegetarian dishes in the region. Some traditional vegetable-based dishes are *pisto manchego* (a local equivalent of ratatouille), *pipirrana* (a salad of onion, tomato, and cucumber), *asadillo de la Mancha* (roasted red peppers), and *gazpacho viudo* (widower gazpacho, or gazpacho made with bladder campion leaves).

## Meat and fish

There are many local meat dishes, which consist primarily of sheep, goat, and, to a lesser degree, beef. The most important dishes are *carcamusas* (typical of Toledo), *chanfarina*, roast lamb, *cuchifritos*, *migas*, *gallina en pepitoria* (chicken a la pepitoria), *salpicón*, *paturrillo*, and *zarajo*. In areas where there is a lot of hunting, a number of game based dishes are also popular, such as *conejo al ajillo* (rabbit with garlic), *liebre a la cazadora* (hare hunter-style), and *caldereta manchega*.

La Mancha is a landlocked area with historically few bodies of freshwater to allow for the generalization of fish in its cuisine. The traditional fish is therefore *bacalao* (salt cod), which was historically imported from coastal areas and does not spoil. This can be found in some dishes, notably chickpeas with cod, eaten during Lent.

## Cheeses

*Queso manchego*, or "cheese from La Mancha", is one of the most famous Spanish cheeses; more than 30% of Spain's cheese products are of this variety. It is a cured cheese made from the milk of local manchega sheep *(Ovis aries ligeriensis)*, also called *ovejas manchegas*) which abound in the pastures year-round.

The mass of the cheese is fairly hard and dense, with an ivory-white color. It has a characteristically tart taste when it is new due to the natural flavor of the sheep's milk, though as the cheese ages it slowly develops a savory quality, which Carlos Yescas of the Oldways Cheese Coalition describes as "a delicate balance of buttery, tart, sweet, and nutty." The cheese is also high in calcium, Vitamins A, D, and E, and natural protein.

There are several varieties of *queso manchego*, differentiated by both curing time and individual tradition (some are submerged in olive oil while curing).

## Wines

Wine production is very important to the region, which has many protected designations of origin for the area. The major PDO is D.O. La Mancha, but others include: D.O. Valdepeñas in Ciudad Real; D.O. Méntrida in Toledo; D.O. Jumilla and D.O. Manchuela in Albacete; D.O. Mondéjar in Guadalajara, etc. In addition there are numerous home-made wines, such as the sacramental wines known as "pitarras."

## Entrées

## Desserts

1. Valles, Julio (2017). *La gastronomía en tiempos de Cervantes*. LID Editorial. pp. i–ii. ISBN 978-8416624775.
2. "Silene vulgaris (Bladder Campion)". *Gardenia.net*. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
3. Rivera, Diego (September 2007). "Gathered food plants in the mountains of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain): Ethnobotany and multivariate analysis". *Economic Botany*. **61** (3): 269–289. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2007)61\[269:GFPITM\]2.0.CO;2  via Research Gate.
4. Verdú, José Mataix; Barbancho Cisneros, Francisco Javier (2007). *Hortalizas y verduras en la alimentación mediterránea*. España. p. 269. ISBN 978-8482408293.
5. "Receta de Atascaburras - Karlos Arguiñano". *www.hogarmania.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
6. INFORMACION. "Estos son los restaurantes que participan en la Setmana Gastronòmica de la Nyora i el Llagostí". *www.diarioinformacion.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
7. "Culinary travel: Central Spain and migas tapa". *Christian Science Monitor*. 2016-02-19. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
8. "Resolución de 17 de enero de 2011, de la Dirección General de Industria y Mercados Alimentarios, por la que se corrigen errores en la de 15 de febrero de 2010, por la que se concede la protección nacional transitoria a la modificación de la indicación geográfica protegida "Berenjena de Almagro"" (PDF). Retrieved March 24, 2020.
9. Luján, Néstor (1998). *El ritual del aperitivo*. Folio Pub. Corp. pp. 206–207. ISBN 978-8475833378.
10. Shulman, Martha Rose (2008-08-21). "Pisto Manchego With Eggs". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
11. Donnelly, Ed. Catherine (2016). *The Oxford Companion to Eheese*. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 454–455. ISBN 978-0199330881.
12. "Oveja manchega – Queso Manchego". *www.quesomanchego.es*. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
13. "An Introduction to Manchego-Style Cheese". *www.seriouseats.com*. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
14. "Propiedades – Queso Manchego". *www.quesomanchego.es*. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
15. Plaza Sánchez, Julián (2005). *La Mancha, de Cervantes al siglo XXI: una perspectiva etnológica*. Diputación Provincial de Ciudad Real. p. 167. ISBN 978-8477892212.


title: Manchester Street Generating Station

abstract: The Manchester Street Generating Station is a 510 MW gas-fired power station in the Jewelry District of Providence, Rhode Island. The station's main building is located along the Providence River and defined by three 321 foot (98 m) tall smoke stacks. The plant has three Siemens gas turbines and three ABB steam turbines. The power station is owned by Starwood Energy Group, which purchased the facility from Dominion Energy in 2018.

text:
# Manchester Street Generating Station

The **Manchester Street Generating Station** is a 510 MW gas-fired power station in the Jewelry District of Providence, Rhode Island. The station's main building is located along the Providence River and defined by three 321 foot (98 m) tall smoke stacks. The plant has three Siemens gas turbines and three ABB steam turbines.

The power station is owned by Starwood Energy Group, which purchased the facility from Dominion Energy in 2018.

## History

The Manchester Street Generating Station was constructed as a coal-burning power plant in 1903 by the Rhode Island Company, in part to power trolley lines. The monumental Georgian revival building is thought to be designed by architect Alfred Stone. In 1913, the company constructed two additions to the original power house: a boiler room and a switch house. The facility was purchased from the Rhode Island Company by Narragansett Electric Company in 1926.

In 1940, noted architect Paul Philippe Cret designed an addition to the building's southern facade, as part of renovations to convert the station to fuel oil. A 1996 renovation by William D. Warner Architects & Planners integrated postmodern elements and the structure's three smokestacks.

## InfoBox

| Manchester Street Generating Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Manchester Street Generating Station in Providence, Rhode Island | |
|  | |
| Country | * United States |
| Coordinates | 41°48′57″N 71°24′16″W / 41.815829°N 71.404329°W / 41.815829; -71.404329 |
| Owners | Starwood Energy Group |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | * 515 MW |
| External links | |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Gelin Ayşe

abstract: "Gelin Ayşe" also alternatively known as "Gelin Ayşem", "Koyun Gelir Yata Yata" and "Ayşemin Yeşil Sandığı" is a Turkish folkloric tune.

text:
# Gelin Ayşe

"**Gelin Ayşe**" also alternatively known as "**Gelin Ayşem**", "**Koyun Gelir Yata Yata**" and "**Ayşemin Yeşil Sandığı**" is a Turkish folkloric tune.

## Lyrics

The lyrics of the song are a lament on the fate of the village bride Ayşe.

The word "Gelin" in Turkish and Gəlin in Azerbaijani means someone who has come into a family (like a bride for example). "Ayşe" is a Turkic female given name, an alternative of the Arabic name Aisha, famously the name of the second wife of Prophet Muhammed.

## Famous versions

Many artists have interpreted the song. Cengiz Özkan recorded a version published by Kalan Müzik in 2005. Tülay German released a version that is included in her collections album *Burçak Tarlasi 1962-1987*. Ruhi Su recorded it as "Koyun Gelir Yata Yata". Gülşen Kutlu recorded it as "Ayşemin Yeşil Sandığı".

* Ruhi Su version
* Gelin Ayşe Ağıdı
* Gelin Ayşe (Kara çadır eğmeyinen)
* Gelin Ayşe (Kara çadır eğmeyinen)

## InfoBox

| "Gelin Ayşe" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song | |
| Language | Turkish |
| Genre | Türkü |
| Songwriter(s) | Unknown |
| Composer(s) | Cengiz Özkan |


title: Morristown Elementary School District

abstract: Morristown School District 75 is a school district in Maricopa County, Arizona.

text:
# Morristown Elementary School District

**Morristown School District 75** is a school district in Maricopa County, Arizona.

## InfoBox

| Morristown Elementary School District | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| 25950 Rockaway Hills Drive Morristown, Arizona, 85342<br>United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | PreK–8 |
| NCES District ID | 0405340 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 114 |
| Teachers | 9.0 |
| Staff | 10.2 |
| Student–teacher ratio | 12.67 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.morristowneld75.org |


title: Francois Chicoyneau

abstract: François Chicoyneau was a French doctor, court physician, and chancellor of the University of Montpellier. Chicoyneau was the First Physician to King Louis XV. He is especially known for investigating and writing about the Great Plague of Marseille.

text:
# Francois Chicoyneau

**François Chicoyneau** (23 April 1672– 13 April 1752) was a French doctor, court physician, and chancellor of the University of Montpellier. Chicoyneau was the First Physician to King Louis XV. He is especially known for investigating and writing about the Great Plague of Marseille.

## Family

Chicoyneau was born in Montpellier in 1672. He came from the Nobility of the Robe.

François Chicoyneau's father, Michel Chicoyneau, also a physician, was born in Blois in 1626, the son of Michel Chicoyneau, elected in the election of Blois, and Marie Richier de Belleval, of Picardy origin. The couple were married in Blois in 1624. The Chicoyneaus were bourgeois from Blois who, from the condition of draper merchants, rose to the offices of notary and tax collector. In 1652, François Chicoyneau's father joined his cousin Martin Richer de Belleval, who practiced medicine, in Montpellier. He succeeded him, in 1664, as intendant of the Royal Garden. In 1678, he became a counsellor in the court of accounts, aid and finance of Montpellier, a charge which conferred on him nobility.

François Chicoyneau's mother, Catherine de Pichot, was the daughter of Balthasar Pichot, king's adviser in the court of accounts, aid and finance of Montpellier, and of Catherine de Pourtalès. In addition to François, Michel Chicoyneau and Catherine de Pichot had two other children:

* Michel Aimé (1670 6 - 1691 7 );
* Gaspard (1673 8 - 1693 9 ), accidentally drowned in the Lez while botanizing;

## Career

A physician and faculty member of the University of Montpelier, he and two colleagues were dispatched to investigate the epidemic and confirm that it was indeed bubonic plague. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences.

He died in Versailles on 13 April 1752 (at age 79).


title: Glenmore (1806 ship)

abstract: Glenmore was launched as a West Indiaman in 1806 at Elgin. She made one voyage to Bengal in 1813–14, then became a Greenland whaler in 1818, and made four full whaling voyages. She was lost in the White Sea in 1822.

text:
# Glenmore (1806 ship)

***Glenmore*** was launched as a West Indiaman in 1806 at Elgin. She made one voyage to Bengal in 1813–14, then became a Greenland whaler in 1818, and made four full whaling voyages. She was lost in the White Sea in 1822.

## Career

*Glenmore* entered *Lloyd's Register* (*LR*) in 1807 with A. James, master, Twemlow, owner, and trade Liverpool–Suriname. Captain Alexander James acquired a letter of marque on 16 September 1807.

*LR* for 1810 showed *Glenmore* with J.Golding, master, Moss $ Co. owners, and trade London–Madeira.

In 1813 the British East India Company (EIC) lost its monopoly on the trade between India and Britain. British ships were then free to sail to India or the Indian Ocean under a license from the EIC.

Although it is not clear that *Glenmore* ever received a license from the EIC, on 22 March 1813 she was at Deal, nominally intending to sail to the Cape of Good Hope. On 13 May 1813 she was at Madeira, and on the 20th she sailed for the Cape.

*LR* for 1814 showed her with W. Vaughn, master, Osborne & Co., owners, and trade London–Île de France.

*Lloyd's List* (*LL*) reported on 12 July 1814 that *Glenmore*, Vaughn, master, had sailed from Bengal for London on 26 January 1814. She arrived back at Gravesend on 15 August.

*LR* for 1816 showed *Glenmore* with Lang, master, changing to Arman, Extar & Co., owners, and trade London–Demerara.

*Glenmore*, Arman, master, put into Corunna on 7 January 1817 for repairs. She had been sailing from London for Antigua when she suffered trifling damages. It was expected that she would sail in a few days.

**Greenland whaler:** The *Register of Shipping* (*RS*) for 1818 showed her master as Lang, changing to Roster, her owner as Exeter, changing to T.Olds, and her trade as London–West Indies, changing to London–Greenland. She had undergone small repairs in 1816.

*Glenmore* made four full voyages to the Greenland whale fishery from London.

| Year | Master | Whales | Tuns of whale oil |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1818 | Rozier | 3 | 37 |
| 1819 | Duncan | 3 | 31 |
| 1820 | Todd | 17 | 92 |
| 1821 | Todd | 6 | 60 |
|

## Fate

*Glenmore*, Todd, master, and *Henry* were totally lost in the White Sea on 26 September 1822 but their crews survived and proceeded to Archangel in the ships' boats. *Glenmore* was on a voyage from Onega, Russia, to London.

The entry for *Glenmore* in the 1823 *RS* has the annotation "LOST" by her name.

## Citations

1. *LR* (1807), Supple. pages "G", Seq.№G3.
2. "Letter of Marque, p.65 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
3. *LR* (1810), Seq.№G183.
4. Hackman (2001), p. 247.
5. *LR* (1814), Seq.№G239.
6. *LL*.
7. *LR* (1816), Seq.№G251.
8. *LL* №5147.
9. *RS* (1818), Seq.№G254.
10. Coltish (c. 1842).
11. *Lloyd's List* №5512.
12. "Ship News". *The Times*. No. 11709. London. 6 November 1822. col E, p. 3.
13. *LL* №5748.
14. *RS* (1823), Seq.№G229.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Glenmore* |
| Launched | 1806, Elgin |
| Fate | Wrecked September 1822 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 298 (bm) |
| Complement | 20 |
| Armament | * 1807: 14 × 9&6-pounder guns * 1814:8 × 6-pounder guns + 4 × 12-pounder carronades |
| Notes | Fir built |


title: Hilaroleopsis vogti

abstract: Hilaroleopsis vogti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1970. It is known from Guatemala.

text:
# Hilaroleopsis vogti

***Hilaroleopsis vogti*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1970. It is known from Guatemala.

## InfoBox

| *Hilaroleopsis vogti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Hilaroleopsis*** |
| Species: | ***H. vogti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hilaroleopsis vogti***<br>Lane, 1970 | |
|


abstract: The Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo Railway was a railroad built in the early 1880s to give the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad access to the coal regions around Clearfield, Pennsylvania, United States. It was originally planned as part of a connecting line between the East Coast of the United States and Buffalo, New York.

text:
# Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo Railway

The **Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo Railway** was a railroad built in the early 1880s to give the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad access to the coal regions around Clearfield, Pennsylvania, United States.

It was originally planned as part of a connecting line between the East Coast of the United States and Buffalo, New York.

## Reading sponsorship

The railroad was incorporated on February 17, 1870 to run from the vicinity of Williamsport to Jersey Shore, up Pine Creek and down the Allegheny River to Port Allegany, as part of a route to Buffalo. While it was organized under a new charter, this represented a continuation of the Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and State Line Railroad project; that corporation had made surveys up Pine Creek with the aim of connecting with another railroad on the northern border of the state, possibly extending as far west as McKean County to do so. Sobieski Ross assumed the presidency of the company and began pushing grading from Jersey Shore towards Coudersport.

On December 1, 1871, President Ross wrote to George B. McClellan, extolling the advantages of the route. McClellan was then president of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, which shipped petroleum to New York City over the Erie Railway. The Erie's service was felt to be unsatisfactory, and the A&GW potentially interested in a new partner. The eastern end of the A&GW was at Salamanca, New York, about 35 miles (56 km) from Port Allegany along the Allegheny River, and could easily be extended along the river to connect with the JSPC&B. At Newberry, near Williamsport, traffic could be routed onto the Catawissa Railroad and then the Central Railroad of New Jersey to reach the New York area.

Ross's letter gives a good idea of the route planned. He says that it would descend on the western side via Mill Creek, which meets the Allegheny River at Coudersport. The closest approach to the Pine Creek watershed would leave Mill Creek to climb along Nelson Run. A summit tunnel 2,300 feet (700 m) long was planned, which would suffice to carry a line from the headwaters of Nelson Run into Splash Dam Hollow, then down Lyman Run to the West Branch Pine Creek, reaching the main stream of Pine Creek at Galeton.

Besides the JSPC&B's value as a trunk line, Ross hopefully anticipated the development of traffic along the line from lumbering, coal mining, and iron manufacturing. In the end, only lumbering and tanning would play a significant role in the industry of the area. The coal beds along the Allegheny River west of Coudersport were proclaimed "worthless" by the State Geological Survey in 1885, nor could the local iron ore deposits be economically worked.

Another proposed railroad, the Rochester, Hornellsville, and Pine Creek Railroad, was chartered in 1872 and would have built south from Hornellsville, New York to the state line as part of a route from Hornellsville to Williamsport, which would have used the tracks of the JSPC&SL or JSPC&B for the portion in Pennsylvania. As originally contemplated, the Pennsylvania portion of the route would have run directly down the Pine Creek valley, but by the beginning of 1873, the RH&PC had decided that such a route would be uneconomical and had decided on a less direct route, reaching Pine Creek via the Wellsboro and Lawrenceville Railroad and an extension southwest from Antrim, Pennsylvania.

While grading of the JSPC&B began on June 12, 1873, the Panic of 1873 soon brought a halt to construction. The Gaines and State Line Railroad was chartered in 1875 with the intention of building north from the JSPC&B at Gaines to the state line to provide the link to the RH&PC. This line would have carried all the way to Geneva, New York, but was never completed. Sobieski Ross died in 1877, and was succeeded as president by John S. Ross.

## The New York Central and coal

During the early 1880s, the New York Central Railroad (NYC) and a consortium of coal companies from Tioga County, Pennsylvania and New York State embarked upon a bold venture. The coal companies were plagued by labor disputes, and the deposits they mined were diminishing. The NYC feared that its rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, would use its control over coal shipments from central Pennsylvania to inflate the price of that fuel. The solution decided upon was that the coal companies, backed by the NYC, would build a new rail line into the Clearfield Coalfield and open new mines there. Coal would move north over the new line to the NYC. The JSPC&B would be a key link in the new extension. It would also link the NYC to its ally, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, via the latter's Catawissa Railroad subsidiary at Newberry.

George Magee, of the Fall Brook Coal Company, took control of the JSPC&B in 1881. He took advantage of a provision of the railroad's charter allowing for branches of up to thirty miles in any county traversed by the main line to build a new connection from the Fall Brook's Corning, Cowanesque and Antrim Railroad at Stokesdale Junction, near Wellsboro, and follow Marsh Creek to Pine Creek and the original JSPC&B route at Ansonia, and then pass downstream to Jersey Shore and the Reading connection at Newberry.

Magee and the NYC were not particularly interested in the remainder of the route to the west of Ansonia. He sold the roadbed from Coudersport to Port Allegany to a local group, which incorporated in 1882 as the Coudersport and Port Allegany Railroad and opened a line on the old grade between the two towns in its name in 1882. The JSPC&B continued construction on the route from Newberry to Stokesdale Junction, which ran through the spectacular Pine Creek Gorge (also known as the Grand Canyon of Pennsylvania) below Ansonia. The new line began regular service on June 4, 1883 and was opened over its whole length on July 1, 1883. The new line was not directly operated by the New York Central; rather, on December 18, 1882, it was leased to the Fall Brook Coal Company from the date of completion (officially June 30, 1883) for twenty years. The company's name was changed to the **Pine Creek Railway** on February 6, 1884.

Most of the rest of the planned route between Ansonia and Coudersport saw track laid by the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad and dependent logging lines; however, it was not connected so as to form a through route, and the summit tunnel was never built.

## Pine Creek Railway

Pine Creek Railway
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Locale | Tioga County, Pennsylvania |
| Dates of operation | 18841909 |
| Successor | Geneva, Corning and Southern Railroad |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |

As the Pine Creek Railway, the new line formed an important part of the Fall Brook's system. The Fall Brook already leased the Corning, Cowanesque & Antrim and a series of NYC-controlled lines in New York, giving it a continuous line from Tioga County to the NYC main line at Lyons, New York. On July 1, 1892, the Fall Brook Coal Company separated its railroad and coal interests, transferring the Pine Creek Ry. lease to the new Fall Brook Railway. However, the independent operation of these lines by the Fall Brook was not to last. In 1895, the NYC began to investigate buying out the Fall Brook, which now formed a vital link between the New York Central main line and the NYC-controlled Beech Creek Railroad at Jersey Shore. The NYC ultimately succeeded in buying up the Fall Brook Railway, and took over the Pine Creek Railway lease on May 1, 1899.

On February 4, 1909, the Pine Creek was merged with other elements of the former Fall Brook system to form the Geneva, Corning and Southern Railroad, which in turn was merged into the New York Central on December 22, 1914.

After the 1899 takeover, the former Fall Brook lines were operated by the NYC as the Fall Brook District, Pennsylvania Division. The Pine Creek line was one of those taken over by Conrail in 1976, but the last train ran on the route on October 7, 1988. After the removal of the tracks, the right-of-way was converted to the Pine Creek Rail Trail.

## InfoBox

Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo Railway
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Headquarters | Wellsboro |
| Locale | Tioga County, Pennsylvania |
| Dates of operation | 18831884 |
| Successor | Pine Creek Railway |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |


abstract: Progressive transformation of germinal centres (PTGCs) is a reactive lymph node process of undetermined cause.

text:
# Progressive transformation of germinal centres

**Progressive transformation of germinal centres** (**PTGCs**) is a reactive lymph node process of undetermined cause.

## Signs and symptoms

PTGC is usually characterized by localized lymphadenopathy and is otherwise typically asymptomatic.

## Diagnosis

PTGC is diagnosed by surgical excision of the affected lymph node(s), and examination by a pathologist. The differential diagnosis includes non-neoplastic causes of lymphadenopathy (e.g. cat-scratch fever, Kikuchi disease) and malignancy, i.e. cancer.

### Microscopic appearance

PTGCs is characterized by:

* follicular hyperplasia (many follicles),
* focally large germinal centres, with poorly demarcated germinal centre (GC)/mantle zone interfaces (as GCs infiltrated by mantle zone lymphocytes), and
* an expanded mantle zone.

## Treatment

PTGC is treated by excisional biopsy and follow-up. It may occasionally recur and a small proportion of patients have been reported to subsequently develop nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.

## InfoBox

| Progressive transformation of germinal centres | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | progressive transformation of germinal centers |
|  | |
| Micrograph of a lymph node biopsy showing progressive transformation of germinal centres. H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |


title: Justin Pollard

abstract: Justin David Pollard is a British historian, television producer, writer and entrepreneur. He is best known for his work on such films as Elizabeth and Pirates of the Caribbean and TV series including Vikings and The Tudors. He is also a co-founder of the publishing company Unbound.

text:
# Justin Pollard

**Justin David Pollard** (born 30 January 1968) is a British historian, television producer, writer and entrepreneur. He is best known for his work on such films as *Elizabeth* and *Pirates of the Caribbean* and TV series including *Vikings* and *The Tudors*. He is also a co-founder (with John Mitchinson and Dan Kieran) of the publishing company Unbound.

## Biography

Pollard is a popular historian, historical consultant and screenwriter working in the field of feature films, television and print. He was born in Hertfordshire and was educated at St Albans School and Downing College, Cambridge, where he graduated with honours in archaeology and anthropology.

After college he worked for a year as an archaeologist at the Museum of London on the excavation of Thomas Becket’s old monastery of Merton Priory. During that time he also developed an educational programme for schools visiting the Surrey Heath Archaeological and Heritage Trust in Surrey for which the Trust was awarded the Graham Webster Laurels at the British Archaeology Awards for their contribution to education in archaeology.

Leaving the Museum of London in 1990, Pollard moved into documentary production initially as a researcher, and then a writer and producer. His television credits include development and scripting for the BBC's *QI*, Channel 4's *Time Team*, including writing the Christmas special *Time Team's History of Britain*, script editing Bob Geldof's *Geldof in Africa*, and developing *Terry Jones' Barbarians*. He has also written the 3x1 hour history of the Egyptian New Kingdom for the BBC and Lion Television, *Egypt’s Golden Empire*, which was nominated for an Emmy Award. As well as these he has written and produced documentaries on everything from cannibalism amongst the Dongria Kondh in India to the career of Vlad the Impaler, for presenters including Terry Jones, Bettany Hughes, Alexei Sayle, Tony Robinson and Bob Geldof, and broadcasters including BBC, ITV, Channel 4, National Geographic Channel, PBS, A&E, Discovery Channel, Canal+, ZDF, S4C, ITN and others.

Apart from producing documentaries, Pollard runs a company that provides historical and script consultancy for historical feature films and television dramas. He has a long association with Indian director Shekhar Kapur and was historical consultant on his features *Elizabeth*, *The Four Feathers*, and *Elizabeth: The Golden Age* coaching cast (including Cate Blanchett, Joseph Fiennes, Geoffrey Rush, Richard Attenborough, Fanny Ardant, Vincent Cassel, John Gielgud and Heath Ledger) and crew in the historical background to the stories. He has also worked closely in developing other history-based features for directors, including Gillies MacKinnon, Sam Mendes, Jan de Bont and Neil Jordan. He was the historical consultant on Joe Wright's film, *Atonement* and has recently worked on two movies with Johnny Depp \- *Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)* directed by Tim Burton, *Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides* directed by Rob Marshall and Les Misérables directed by Tom Hooper.

In television he is the historical consultant for the MGM Television/History Channel drama Vikings and has recently worked on all four series of the Showtime hit *The Tudors* starring Jonathan Rhys Meyers and *Camelot (TV series)* starring Joseph Fiennes for Starz (TV network).

Pollard is a regular columnist for History Today, Engineering & Technology and BBC History Magazine and a contributor to the QI books and Annuals including *The Book of General Ignorance*. His latest book *World of the Vikings* was released in November 2015.

Pollard is also one of the founders of the crowdsourcing publisher Unbound and is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Royal Geographical Society

## Feature films

## Television series

## Bibliography

* Pollard, Justin (2003). *Seven ages of Britain*.
* *Alfred the Great: The Man Who Made England* (Hardcover), 2005. ISBN 0-7195-6665-7
* *The Rise and Fall of Alexandria: Birthplace of the Modern World* (Hardcover), with Howard Reid 2006. ISBN 0-670-03797-4
* *The Interesting Bits: The History You Might Have Missed* (Hardcover), 2007. ISBN 0-7195-2420-2
* *The Story of Archaeology* (Hardcover), 2007. ISBN 1-84724-183-2
* *Charge! The Interesting Bits of Military History* (Hardcover), 2008. ISBN 0-7195-2304-4
* *Secret Britain - The Hidden Bits of Our History*, October 2009. ISBN 978-1-84854-198-6
* *Wonders of the Ancient World* (Hardcover), 2009. ISBN 978-1-84724-890-9
* *Boffinology - The Real Stories Behind Our Greatest Scientific Discoveries*, October 2010. ISBN 978-1-84854-200-6
* *Buses, Bankers & the Beer of Revenge: An Eccentric Engineer Collection*, November 2012. ISBN 978-1-84919-581-2
* *World of the Vikings*, November 2015. ISBN 978-1-45214-545-7
* Pollard, Justin & Stephanie Pollard (September 2017). "Pompey the Great, born 29 September 106 BC". Months Past. *History Today*. **67** (9): 22–23.

## Personal life

Pollard married BAFTA nominated TV researcher and producer Stephanie Farr on 18th November 2000. They have two children. Stephanie was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer in 2014 and died in 2023.

## InfoBox

| Justin PollardFRHistS FRGS | |
| --- | --- |
| Justin Pollard in 2022 | |
| Born | Justin David Pollard
(1968-01-30) 30 January 1968
Hertfordshire, England |
| Education | St Albans School |
| Alma mater | University of Cambridge (MA) |
| Occupation(s) | Author, Broadcaster, popular historian |
| Spouse | Stephanie Pollard (m. 2000) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents | * David Pollard (father) * Valerie Medland (mother) |
| Website | www.visualartefact.com |


title: Proton Persona (2016)

abstract: The third-generation Proton Persona (BH), codenamed P2-31A during development, is a subcompact (B-segment) saloon engineered by the Malaysian automobile manufacturer Proton. The BH series represents the third and latest generation in the Proton Persona lineage. It was unveiled on 23 August 2016 as the successor to the CM Persona. The BH Persona is based on an extended Proton Iriz platform and shares the latter's 1.6-litre VVT engine and basic structure, but its exterior design has been completely re-engineered to give it a distinct persona. The interior of the BH Persona is largely unchanged over the Iriz, with the main exception of the new two-tier colour scheme. The BH Persona is one class smaller than the outgoing CM Persona, but it offers more headroom, comparable rear legroom and a significantly larger boot. The new BH is also more powerful, fuel efficient and sophisticated than the old CM. It is the latest model to carry Proton's newfound 'affordable safety' USP, and all BH Persona variants have been awarded the full five-star rating by ASEAN NCAP.

text:
# Proton Persona (2016)

The **third-generation Proton Persona (BH)**, codenamed **P2-31A** during development, is a subcompact (B-segment) saloon engineered by the Malaysian automobile manufacturer Proton. The BH series represents the third and latest generation in the Proton Persona lineage. It was unveiled on 23 August 2016 as the successor to the CM Persona.

The BH Persona is based on an extended Proton Iriz platform and shares the latter's 1.6-litre VVT engine and basic structure, but its exterior design has been completely re-engineered to give it a distinct persona. The interior of the BH Persona is largely unchanged over the Iriz, with the main exception of the new two-tier colour scheme.

The BH Persona is one class smaller than the outgoing CM Persona, but it offers more headroom, comparable rear legroom and a significantly larger boot. The new BH is also more powerful, fuel efficient and sophisticated than the old CM. It is the latest model to carry Proton's newfound 'affordable safety' USP, and all BH Persona variants have been awarded the full five-star rating by ASEAN NCAP.

## History

The third generation Proton Persona (BH) was launched on 23 August 2016 at Setia City Convention Centre in Shah Alam, Malaysia. The new BH Persona is the latest Proton model to use an existing nameplate, and directly replaces the second generation Persona (CM) which was produced from mid-2007 to mid-2016. The launch of the BH Persona comes approximately two years after its sister car, the Proton Iriz.

The BH Persona shares the Iriz's platform, basic structure, powertrains and interior, but its exterior design has been completely re-engineered in an effort to distinguish itself as a stand-alone model. Proton has also made several refinements to improve fuel efficiency and reduce noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) in the 1.6-litre VVT engine. The CVT has also been refined for a smoother drive.

At launch, four variants of the new Persona were made available, namely the Standard MT, Standard CVT, Executive CVT and Premium CVT. All BH Persona variants come standard with Proton's Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC) safety net, ECO Drive Assist, front and rear parking sensors and 15-inch alloy rims among others. The various trim levels differ mainly in terms of kit and cosmetic enhancements, and are otherwise mechanically identical with the exception of the airbag count.

The Standard and Executive variants get twin front airbags, while the Premium model adds on twin side and twin curtain airbags for a total of six. ASEAN NCAP has awarded the full five-star rating for all variants of the BH Persona.

As of 19 September 2016, Proton has received 8,000 bookings for the new Persona, of which 2,000 have been delivered. Of the 8,000 total figure, 45% were for the range topping Premium variant, contrary to Proton's original projections where the base model Standard was expected to be the best seller. Additionally, 35% of bookings were for the Carnelian Brown colour, and a further 5% were for the limited edition Premium SE model. Proton is targeting sales of between 3,000 and 4,000 units a month.

In April 2019, An updated Persona was launched at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia alongside the first facelift Iriz. The four variants continued to be offered.

In August 5, 2021, Proton launched the second facelifted Persona. The new Persona is available as 1.6L Standard, 1.6L Executive and 1.6L Premium CVT variants, 1.6L Standard MT has been dropped.

For export markets, Proton Persona BH was launched in Brunei and Indonesia in 2017, and has been planned to enter South Africa after both Proton X70 and X50 those were launched in September 2022, followed by Proton Saga in March 2023.

## Design

The 2016 Proton Persona shares a large majority of parts and components with the Proton Iriz, which launched in September 2014. However, with respect to design and aesthetics, Proton has intentions to market the new Persona as a bespoke, stand-alone model, as opposed to an 'Iriz Sedan'. To that effect, the transformation process from the Iriz to BH Persona is more significant than that seen previously with the Prevé and Suprima S, as well as the GEN•2 and CM Persona.

### Exterior

The new Proton Persona measures 4,387 mm (172.7 in) long, 1,722 mm (67.8 in) wide and 1,554 mm (61.2 in) tall. The wheelbase length at 2,555 mm (100.6 in) is unchanged over the Iriz, but the rear overhang has been extended to support a large 510-litre (18 cu ft) boot, compared to just 215 litres (7.6 cu ft) in the Iriz. In terms of size comparisons, the new BH Persona is 482 mm (19.0 in) longer, 2 mm (0.079 in) wider and 4 mm (0.16 in) taller than the Iriz, and 90 mm (3.5 in) shorter, 3 mm (0.12 in) narrower and 116 mm (4.6 in) taller than the old CM Persona. Additionally, the wheelbase length of the BH is 45 mm (1.8 in) shorter than the CM, but the boot volume is 80 litres (2.8 cu ft) larger.

Despite the fact that the new BH Persona is classified as a B-segment saloon, as opposed to the outgoing C-segment CM Persona, it offers more headroom, comparable rear legroom and a significantly larger boot thanks to more efficient design and packaging. Nonetheless, the larger interior volume in the BH, made possible by short overhangs and increased height come at the expense of more balanced exterior proportions. Additionally, the new Persona is fitted with more basic gooseneck boot hinges as opposed to the old model's space saving, albeit costly twin gas strut hinges.

The new Persona shares the same basic body structure with the Iriz, but its exterior design has been completely re-engineered to give it a more distinct persona. With the exception of the windscreen, front doors, wing mirrors housings and front fenders, all other exterior body panels are unique to the BH Persona. Proton has maintained their original 'Stylish Executive' design philosophy from the CM Persona, fusing it with the newer 'Proton Wings' language first seen in the Prevé, as well as the company's new sculptured, three-dimensional badge. However, unlike the Iriz, the new Persona features more basic height-adjustable halogen reflector headlamps and bulb-lit rear lamps, in an effort to reduce costs and pricing. Daytime running lights (DRL) are also absent, but all variants get a rear fog light as standard. Both front and rear lamps have Proton lettering inserts, and the BH Persona is the first Proton saloon to feature wing mirrors that are mounted on the door panel, helping improve visibility with the addition of a front quarter glass insert.

The various cosmetic enhancements in the BH Persona are preset according to their respective trim levels. The door handles are matte black on the Standard variants, but are painted in the body colour in the Executive and Premium lines. The wing mirror housings are also matte in the Standard, but are body coloured in the Executive and incorporate a power-folding feature in the Premium. The B-pillars are body colour coded in the Standard and Executive, but are blacked out in the Premium. A rear bootlid lip spoiler is only fitted on the Executive and Premium lines.

All variants feature the same 15-inch alloy rim design, but the rims are painted grey in the Standard and Executive variants, and gloss silver in the Premium respectively. Front fog lights are only available on the Executive and Premium lines. The headlamps get a follow-me-home feature in the Executive, while the Premium adds on an automatic on/off option. Proton will also produce a limited run Premium SE variant, which is identical to the Premium in specifications, but is fitted with an all-round, dual-tone bodykit, an RM1,000 option. The BH Persona is produced in six colours, namely Carnelian Brown, Sterling Silver, Quartz Black, Fire Red, Cotton White and Graphite Grey. Certain batches of Persona are shipped with wheels from the Iriz and with latter batches, all variants has side mirrors and door handles body coloured.

The 2019 Persona key design changes include revised front fascia with Proton's new infinite weave design language with a chrome strip dubbed ethereal bow and Proton lettering on the rear as well as redesigned front and rear bumpers. For the Executive and Premium variant, in place of the front fog lamps are now LED DRL's. The wheels also sport a new design with them finished in single-tone on Standard and Executive variants and dual-tone on Premium variant. Body-coloured door handles and wing mirror housings are standard for all variants, with additional power-folding feature on Executive variant's wing mirrors, which are remained on Premium variant. Five colours are on offer: Jet Grey, Snow White, Ruby Red, Rosewood Maroon and Armour Silver.

The 2022 Persona shows off the Proton's new roundel logo, revised grille and front bumper, new designed 6-spoke wheels with similar finishing of Persona 2019, darkened LED tail lights and deleted rear fog lamps. LED headlamps, black-painted rear spoiler and black-painted roof are reserved exclusively for Premium variant, with the latter was recently changed from black to body colour. An additional new colour, Space Grey is only offered for Premium variant.

### Interior

The BH Persona shares the vast majority of its interior panels with the Iriz. The centre console, dashboard, steering wheel, door cards and transmission tunnel were carried over unchanged. However, Proton did introduce several minor additions and cosmetic changes, the most prominent of which being the dual-tone colour scheme, a contrast from the all-black interior of the Iriz. The lower-half of the dashboard, transmission tunnel, handbrake, cup holders, pillars and inner sections of the door cards are finished in a light grey or beige colour, while the top-half of the dashboard and outer frame of the door cards are in matte black. The new colour scheme is said to increase the impression of space and perceived quality, while also paying homage to the old CM Persona. There are ten storage compartments and seven cup holders in the BH Persona.

Proton has also fitted a new CVT gear lever with a side-mounted release switch and a headlight levelling dial which can be used to re-calibrate the front beam projection when the car is fully loaded. The driver's instrument cluster is largely unchanged over the Iriz, but it now features Proton's new ECO Drive Assist system, an indicator which lights up in green when the car is being driven in an economical manner. The speedometer and tachometer graphics are also new, and the central LCD screen is now lit in blue, compared to the Iriz's red. The instrument cluster housing is also finished in a glossy grey coat, as opposed to matte black in the Iriz.

At the back, legroom has been improved courtesy of the scalloped front seat backs and a more reclined rear bench, which can be folded in a 60:40 arrangement in the Executive and Premium lines. Proton has also improved and refined how the front and rear doors open and close, to further improve perceived quality.

All variants of the new BH Persona come standard with power-adjustable wing mirrors, all-round power windows, power locks, a multi-info instrument cluster and a free Yes 4G Wi-Fi subscription. Additionally, the steering wheel is tilt-adjustable, while the driver's seat can be adjusted for height.

The Standard variants get fabric seat upholstery and a matte centre console finishing, while the Executive model adds on fabric door trimmings and a glossy centre console finishing. The Premium is the only variant with leather seats, leather door trimmings, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel.

Three different head units are offered in the BH Persona. The Standard variants are equipped with a single-DIN head unit with radio, Bluetooth and CD/MP3 playback. The Executive model gets a larger double-DIN head unit, and steering wheel audio switches. The Premium model features an Android-based touchscreen head unit which is linked to a reverse camera, and also features GPS navigation, DVD playback, Bluetooth and iPod connectivity. The head units are paired to twin front and rear speakers in the Executive and Premium lines, and twin rear speakers in the Standard. Additionally, both Executive and Premium models have two rear USB charging ports and a key fob with remote trunk release. Passive keyless entry with push-start ignition is exclusive to the Premium.

The 2019 Persona saw a new seat pattern (new fabric for Standard variants and semi-leather fabric for both Executive and Premium variants) and the air conditioning controls markings now white only. The Standard variants features a double din like-sized head unit with capacitive buttons that are not visible without illumination. This is a similar head unit to that found in Saga, Iriz and Exora Standard. The Executive and Premium variant meanwhile has a headunit that runs GKUI with the Premium variant getting Proton's Hi Proton voice recognition feature. The Standard variants are upgraded with additional two rear USB charging ports, whereas the Executive variant is upgraded as well with additional passive keyless entry with push-start ignition. A new gear shifter design is only to be found on the Standard MT and Premium CVT variants with a frameless rear view mirror exclusive to the Premium variant. Lastly there is two types of instrument clusters. One for the Standard with a standard LCD display and one for the Executive and Premium variants with full colour and more functionality.

The 2022 Persona shows off the new arrangements of both center cluster and center console. The center vents are relocated horizontally below the floating upgraded audio system. There are also redesigned semi-digital air-conditioner controls, X70-styled gear knob, six USB ports and new Proton logo emblem at steering. The center console is also redesigned with additional console armrest and console box to upgrade its practicality usage. Seat upholstery for both Standard and Executive variants is fabric type, whereas light brown leatherette type is reserved exclusively for Premium variant.

## Safety

2020 Proton Persona Standard
| **ASEAN NCAP scores** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Overall stars |  | 84.13 |
| Adult occupant | 32.31/36.00 | |
| Child occupant | 42.92/49.00 | |
| Safety assist | 12.50/18.00 | |

### Active

| Safety features | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Variant | Standard | Executive | | Premium |
| Market |  |  |  |  |
| Vehicle Dynamic Control
(ABS, EBD, BA, HHA, ESS, TCS, ESC) |  | | | |
| Hot press forming (HPF) |
(8 components) | | | |
| Airbags | **2**
(front) | | | **6**
(front, side, curtain) |

The new BH Persona is the latest model in Proton's lineage to emphasise high safety standards. Proton's Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC) program comes standard in all new Personas. VDC is an active safety net which includes an anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) and brake assist (BA), hill-hold assist (HHA), emergency stop signal (ESS), traction control (TCS) and electronic stability control (ESC).

The sole purpose of the VDC program is to prevent or minimise the risks of a potential accident. Up to ten computer systems monitor all four wheels in addition to the driver's steering, throttle and braking input, in real time. Should the VDC system detect a loss of traction, the ESC and TCS components automatically apply braking pressure and reduce engine speed to prevent oversteer or understeer, ensuring that the driver remains in control. Should the driver apply the brakes in an emergency, the ABS component prevents the wheels from locking up, while EBD assigns appropriate brake force to each wheel and BA increases braking pressure to bring the car to a safe and complete stop. Under hard braking, ESS is also activated to warn other motorists. The HHA component prevents the car from rolling backwards whilst on a hill, should the brake pedal be released. The new Persona is the second Proton model to receive the VDC program as standard, after the Iriz. The BH Persona is also the first Proton to get front parking sensors as standard. The two front sensors, located just below the headlamps, complement the twin sensors on the rear bumper.

The brakes in the BH Persona consist of ventilated discs at the front and drums at the back. Although the old CM Persona had disc brakes both front and rear, the brake setup in the new Persona is more competent. At a speed of 100 km/h, it would take 41.4 metres to reach a complete stop, compared to 44.6 metres in the old Persona, an improvement of approximately 7%. The Standard and Executive BH Persona variants get 185/55R15 Silverstone Kruizer tyres, while the Premium model is fitted with 185/55R15 Goodyear Assurance tyres. The new Persona has a kerb weight between 1,155 kg and 1,210 kg depending on the variant, which represents an increase of between 20 and 30 kg over the Iriz.

The suspension setup in the BH Persona, like the Iriz, consists of MacPherson struts with stabiliser bars at the front and torsion beam axles at the rear. In comparison, the CM Persona received MacPherson struts with stabiliser bars up front and more sophisticated multi-links at the back. Additionally, the BH has electric power steering (EPS) as opposed to hydraulic power steering in the CM. The EPS system is easier to steer at low speeds and helps improve fuel efficiency, but it comes at the expense of more engaging steering feedback.

### Passive

The new Persona features Proton's hot press forming (HPF) technology. First offered in the 2012 Prevé, the new HPF manufacturing process has since found its way into the Suprima S, Iriz and BH Persona. Like the Iriz, eight HPF components have been incorporated into key points of the Persona's Reinforced Safety Structure (RESS). The main purpose of the HPF components is to reinforce and protect the passenger compartment in the event of a collision. HPF manufacturing begins with the super-heating of high strength carbon steel to 900 degrees Celsius, which is then rapidly cooled to 4 degrees Celsius and subsequently stamped into a preset mould. This quenching process makes the HPF steel five times stronger than conventional cold rolled steel. The HPF components are also lighter and more rigid, helping improve performance, handling and fuel efficiency on top of safety.

In addition to the HPF reinforced body structure, other passive safety features in the new BH Persona include SRS airbags, two ISOFIX child seat mounts with top tethers, head restraints and five three-point seat belts, with pre-tensioning for front passengers. The Standard and Executive models have seat belt reminders for both front seats, while the Premium has reminders for all five seats. In the event of a crash, the Persona's body control module (BCM) automatically unlocks all doors to facilitate an emergency exit. The Standard and Executive variants are fitted with twin front airbags, while the Premium model includes additional twin side airbags up front, and twin full-length curtain airbags for a total of six respectively. The airbag modules are supplied by Autoliv-Hirotako (AHSB). 2021 Persona adds two side airbags for both Standard and Executive variants, and also one USB port behind rearview mirror for additional safety devices, for all variants.

The various safety features in the BH Persona helped it score the full five-star rating in its ASEAN NCAP assessment. The Persona received 14.07 points out of the maximum 16 for Adult Occupant Protection, and an 82% compliance rating in the Child Occupant Protection category, exactly the same as the Iriz. This is due to the fact that ASEAN NCAP did not actually crash test the BH Persona, as they have deemed that it is a variant of the Iriz. ASEAN NCAP has nonetheless verified the crash test data from Proton's development test at the MIROS PC3 lab and compared it against their Iriz crash test data. Additionally, the BH Persona has also been crash tested at an Applus+ IDIADA facility in February 2016.

## Powertrain

| Manufacturer's claims | |
| --- | --- |
| Engine | 1.6 L VVT S4PH |
| Format | I4 16V DOHC NA VVT |
| Total displacement (cc) | 1,597 |
| Bore x Stroke (mm x mm) | 76.0 x 88.0 |
| Maximum Output \[hp(kW)/rpm\] | 107 (80) / 5,750 |
| Maximum Torque (Nm/rpm) | 150 / 4,000 |
| Maximum Speed (km/h) | 170 km/h |
| Acceleration 0–100 km/h (sec) | 10.9 (CVT) |
| Fuel tank capacity (litres) | 40 |

The new BH Persona is powered by Proton's 1.6-litre VVT S4PH engine, a naturally aspirated, four-cylinder, 16-valve DOHC petrol unit with variable valve timing. The 1.6-litre VVT, the sole option in the BH Persona, is capable of 107 hp at 5,750 rpm and 150 Nm at 4,000 rpm. Although the engine appears mechanically identical to its previous application in the Iriz, Proton has made further refinements for reduced noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) and improved fuel efficiency. The 1.6 L engine in the new Persona is fitted with a three-mount configuration, as opposed to four in the Iriz. Proton claims that the improved mounting configuration has reduced transmissions of engine vibrations into the cabin, and is six decibels quieter when compared to the equivalent Iriz model. Additionally, the new exhaust system in the BH Persona has remedied exhaust drone at lower revs, and the ECU has been recalibrated for a more linear throttle response. The new VVT engine also has a longer 10,000 km service interval.

Like the Iriz, the new Persona is paired to either a Getrag 5-speed manual or a Punch Powertrain VT2+ CVT. However, Proton has refined the Punch CVT for a smoother drive, and in its latest iteration is claimed to be far more responsive and has narrowed the gap to its competitors. As a result of the various refinements made to the engine and transmission combination in the BH Persona, Proton claims that fuel efficiency has improved by 13% to 5.6L/100 km with the manual, and by 10% to 6.1L/100 km with the CVT, both at a constant speed of 90 km/h. The BH Persona is the first Proton model to utilise the company's new ECO Drive Assist feature. The system assesses the driver's throttle input, and a green indicator on the instrument cluster will light up when the car is being driven in an economical manner. The engine in the new BH is also VVT-enabled, while its old CM counterpart was not. The BH has a 40-litre fuel tank, 10-litres smaller than the CM.

The new BH Persona has 3 hp less than the outgoing CM series, but the full 107 hp is accessible earlier at 5,750 rpm, compared to 6,500 rpm in the old CM. Additionally, the BH has 2 Nm more torque over the CM, while access speed is unchanged at 4,000 rpm. Acceleration has also improved, with the CVT-equipped BH taking 10.9 seconds to reach 100 km/h from a standstill, which is 3 seconds faster than the old 4-speed automatic CM. Proton has decided not to offer the Iriz's 1.3 L VVT engine in the new Persona, as they intend to prevent overlapping and cross cannibalisation by fitting it in the upcoming 2016 Proton Saga instead.

## Awards and accolades

* Best Compact Car - Carsifu Editor's Choice Awards 2016
* Most Improved Model in Fuel Efficiency - Malaysia Car of the Year 2016
* Compact Sedan (Bronze Winner) - Carlist.my People's Choice Awards 2018

1. Gerard Lye (23 August 2016). "2016 Proton Persona officially launched, RM46k-60k". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
2. Danny Tan, Hafriz Shah (23 August 2016). "VIDEO: 2016 Proton Persona 1.6L walk-around tour". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
3. Jonathan Lee (12 August 2016). "DRIVEN: 2016 Proton Persona first impressions review – improved CVT response and NVH levels". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
4. Jonathan Lee (25 August 2016). "GALLERY: Proton Persona spec-by-spec comparison". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
5. Danny Tan (24 August 2016). "New Proton Persona 5-star ASEAN NCAP body cutout". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
6. Gerard Lye (23 August 2016). "2016 Proton Persona awarded 5-star ASEAN NCAP safety rating; ESC, minimum two airbags across range". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
7. Danny Tan (19 September 2016). "Proton Persona bookings reach 8,000 units, 2,000 delivered – 45% orders for the Premium variant". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
8. "2019 Proton Persona facelift launched – fr RM42,600". *Paul Tan's Automotive News*. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
9. Chan, Mick (5 August 2021). "2022 Proton Persona facelift launched – three variants, 1.6L with CVT, N95 cabin filter, six USB ports; fr RM46k". *Paul Tan's Automotive News*. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
10. "Proton Persona". Driven Communications. 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
11. Kon Wai Luen (23 August 2016). "New Vs Old: Proton Persona – What's Better, What Will We Miss?". carlist.my. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
12. Kon Wai Luen (23 April 2014). "Proton Persona SV Test Drive Review". autoworld.com.my. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
13. Gerard Lye (12 August 2016). "2016 Proton Persona details – variants, specs, pics!". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
14. "SPYSHOTS: Proton Persona updated with Iriz wheels". *Paul Tan's Automotive News*. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
15. "2019 Proton Persona facelift launched - fr RM42,600". *Paul Tan's Automotive News*. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
16. Proton Persona-Iriz (2020) Digital Report Draft2
17. Muhammed Ahmad (23 August 2014). "Electrifying Proton". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
18. Jonathan Lee (22 August 2016). "VIDEO: 2016 Proton Persona teased again in new film". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
19. Gerard Lye (15 August 2016). "Proton Preve, Exora to get 1.6 Turbo engines only; CPS and IAFM+ replaced by VVT in new Persona, Saga". Driven Communications. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
20. "First CarSifu awards a success". *The Star Malaysia*. 27 November 2018. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018.
21. "Proton wins value-for-money, most improved fuel efficiency awards". *New Straits Times*. 27 November 2018. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018.
22. "The people have spoken! Here are the Malaysian's most favourite car models as voted across all the categories". *Carlist.my*. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.

## InfoBox

| Proton Persona
(third generation) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Proton |
| Model code | BH |
| Production | August 2016 – present |
| Assembly | Malaysia: Proton City, Perak (PTMSB) |
| Designer | Azlan Othman |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Subcompact car () |
| Body style | 4-door saloon |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel drive |
| Related | Proton Iriz |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.6 L VVT S4PH DOHC I4 |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual (2016-2021)
CVT |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,555 mm (100.6 in) |
| Length | 4,366 mm (171.9 in) |
| Width | 1,722 mm (67.8 in) |
| Height | 1,554–1,564 mm (61.2–61.6 in) |
| Kerb weight | 1,175–1,210 kg (2,590–2,668 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Proton Persona (CM) |


title: Just Your Fool

abstract: "Just Your Fool" is a rhythm and blues-style song written and recorded by the American jazz and jump blues bandleader/pianist Buddy Johnson and His Orchestra in 1953. Called an "R&B anthem", the song has a big-band arrangement and his sister Ella Johnson on vocals—her "delicate and deceptively sweet phrasing was ideally suited to ballads such as this". "I'm Just Your Fool" became a Billboard R&B chart record hit, reaching number six in 1954.

text:
# Just Your Fool

"**Just Your Fool**" (or "**I'm Just Your Fool**" as it was first titled) is a rhythm and blues-style song written and recorded by the American jazz and jump blues bandleader/pianist Buddy Johnson and His Orchestra in 1953. Called an "R&B anthem", the song has a big-band arrangement and his sister Ella Johnson on vocals—her "delicate and deceptively sweet phrasing was ideally suited to ballads such as this". "I'm Just Your Fool" became a Billboard R&B chart record hit, reaching number six in 1954.

## Little Walter version

Little Walter recorded a Chicago blues adaptation of the song using the title "Just Your Fool". It was recorded in December 1960 in Chicago, with Walter (vocal and blues harp) and backing by Otis Spann (piano), Fred Robinson and Luther Tucker (guitars), Willie Dixon and/or Jimmie Lee Robinson (bass), and Fred Below or George Hunter (drums). "Just Your Fool" was not released until 1962 by Checker Records. He used lyrics and an eight-bar blues arrangement similar to Buddy Johnson. Checker credits the song to Little Walter, also known as Walter Jacobs.

## Cyndi Lauper version

In 2010, the American singer Cyndi Lauper recorded "Just Your Fool" for her album *Memphis Blues*. Charlie Musselwhite on blues harp accompanies Lauper on vocals. The song was released as a single and reached number two on *Billboard* magazine's US Digital Blues Songs chart. She performed it live with Musselwhite on the third-season finale of the *Celebrity Apprentice* reality game show.

## The Rolling Stones version

| "Just Your Fool" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by the Rolling Stones | |
| from the album  *Blue & Lonesome* | |
| Released | October 6, 2016 (2016-10-06) |
| Genre | Rhythm and blues, blues rock |
| Length | 2:16 |
| Label | Polydor |
| Songwriter(s) | Walter Jacobs a.k.a. Little Walter (credited) |
| The Rolling Stones singles chronology | |
| "One More Shot"
(2013) "**Just Your Fool**"
(2016) "Hate to See You Go"
(2016) | |

The Rolling Stones recorded the song in 2016 for their album *Blue & Lonesome*. It is one of four Little Walter songs included on the album. On October 6, 2016, it was released as the lead single.

Personnel

Additional musicians

### Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 31 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 43 |
| France (SNEP) | 39 |
| Mexico Ingles Airplay (*Billboard*) | 28 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 80 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 81 |
| US Adult Alternative Songs (*Billboard*) | 27 |
| US Digital Blues Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Hot Rock Songs (*Billboard*) | 49 |

## InfoBox

| "Just Your Fool" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Buddy Johnson and His Orchestra | |
| B-side | "A-12" |
| Released | 1954 (1954) |
| Recorded | New York City, 1953 |
| Genre | Rhythm and blues |
| Length | 2:49 |
| Label | Mercury |
| Songwriter(s) | Buddy Johnson |


title: Justin Simonds

abstract: Justin Daniel Simonds was an Australian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as the 5th Archbishop of Hobart from 1937 to 1942 and as the 4th Archbishop of Melbourne from 1963 to 1967.

text:
# Justin Simonds

| Styles of
**Justin Simonds** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | The Most Reverend |
| Spoken style | Your Grace |
| Religious style | Archbishop |

**Justin Daniel Simonds** (22 May 1890 – 3 November 1967) was an Australian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as the 5th Archbishop of Hobart from 1937 to 1942 and as the 4th Archbishop of Melbourne from 1963 to 1967.

## Early years

Born in Glen Innes, New South Wales, Simonds was educated in Deepwater, Blacktown and then Sydney Boys' High School before studying for the priesthood at St Patrick's College, Manly. He was ordained a priest by Archbishop Michael Kelly on 30 November 1912 at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney.

Posted to Bega, Simonds served as a curate before he returned to St Patrick's Seminary as a professor of sacred scripture and Greek. In 1916 he was appointed to St Columba's College, Springwood, as professor of hermeneutics. In 1921 he returned to St Patrick's Seminary as professor of sacred scripture and dean. Between 1928 and 1930, Simonds studied at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, graduating in 1930 with a PhD (first class honours). Returning to Springwood, Simonds served as vice rector and then rector of St Columba's College from 1931 to 1937.

## Episcopacy

On 18 February 1937, Pius XI appointed Simonds as Archbishop of Hobart. Simonds received his episcopal consecration on 6 May from Archbishop Giovanni Panico, with bishops Norman Gilroy and Patrick Joseph Farrelly serving as co-consecrators. Simonds was the first native-born Australian archbishop. During his term in Hobart, Simonds fostered the observance of Social Justice Sunday and wrote the first of the bishops' annual statements on social justice in 1940.

In 1942, Simonds was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Melbourne and Titular Archbishop of *Antinoë*. Archbishop Mannix appointed him as the parish priest of St Mary Star of the Sea, West Melbourne. He was to remain Coadjutor Archbishop of Melbourne for the next 22 years. During this period, Simonds played an active role in post World War II healing, including Catholic migration and the sending of orphaned children to Australia. In 1949, he was a special adviser and attended part of the United Nations General Assembly, held at Lake Success, New York.

Attending the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, he succeeded Daniel Mannix as Archbishop of Melbourne on 6 November 1963, becoming the first native Australian to hold that office. He returned to Melbourne where he celebrated Mannix's Funeral Mass and preached the panegyric: "We are mourning one of the world's leaders of our time. A cedar of Lebanon has fallen", said Simonds.

Unlike Mannix, Simonds abhorred the involvement of the church in party politics and vigorously opposed any attempt for the church to be involved in politics and industrial relations. Simonds was critical of B. A. Santamaria and the associated Catholic Social Studies Movement, terminating Santamaria's weekly contribution to a Catholic television program, *Sunday Magazine*, within days of taking office.

On 19 July 1964, he dedicated the new pipe organ in St Patrick's Cathedral to the memory of his predecessor. This instrument, one of the largest in Australia, has 4,762 pipes and a set of Spanish trumpets. It remains in use today.

Ill-health and age reduced Simonds' own period as Melbourne's archbishop, suffering several strokes while in office and his vision greatly deteriorated. He eventually resigned on 13 May 1967, after only three years of service. Upon his retirement, he was made Titular Archbishop of *Libertina*. On 3 November 1967, Simonds died from a stroke at the Mercy Hospital in Melbourne, aged 77. He was buried in the crypt of St Patrick's Cathedral in Melbourne alongside his predecessor.

## Legacy

Named in his honour are Justin Villa, the home in Melbourne for retired priests, and Simonds Catholic College in West Melbourne and Fitzroy North.

## Further reading

* Vodola, Max (1997). *Simonds: A Rewarding Life*. Melbourne: Catholic Education Office. p. 110.

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend
Justin Simonds | |
| --- | --- |
| 4th Archbishop of Melbourne | |
| Diocese | Melbourne |
| Installed | 6 November 1963 |
| Term ended | 13 May 1967 |
| Predecessor | Daniel Mannix |
| Successor | James Knox |
| Other post(s) | 5th Archbishop of Hobart (1937–1942)
Coadjutor Archbishop of Melbourne (1942–1963) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 30 November 1912 in St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney |
| Consecration | 6 May 1937 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1890-05-22)22 May 1890
Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 3 November 1967(1967-11-03) (aged 77)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Buried | St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Occupation | Cleric |
| Alma mater | Sydney Boys' High School;
St Patrick's College, Manly;
Catholic University of Louvain |


title: Prostanthera pedicellata

abstract: Prostanthera pedicellata is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It is a small shrub with densely glandular branches, egg-shaped to oval leaves and red flowers.

text:
# Prostanthera pedicellata

***Prostanthera pedicellata*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It is a small shrub with densely glandular branches, egg-shaped to oval leaves and red flowers.

## Description

*Prostanthera pedicellata* is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) and has glabrous, densely glandular branches. The leaves are arranged along the branches and are narrow egg-shaped to oblong, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long, 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) wide and more or less sessile. Each flower is on a pedicel 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long with sepals forming a tube 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long with two lobes 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long. The petals are red, 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) long and form a tube 11–15 mm (0.43–0.59 in) long. The lower lip of the petal tube has three lobes, the centre lobe egg-shaped, 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and the side lobes about 2 mm (0.079 in) long. The upper lip is 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) wide with a central notch up to 1 mm (0.039 in) deep. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy

*Prostanthera pedicellata* was first formally described in 1984 by Barry Conn in the *Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden* from specimens collected by Eric Ashby in 1969, near Pindar.

## Distribution and habitat

This mintbush grows on ironstone gravel on plains and is only known from near Pindar in the Avon Wheatbelt biogeographic region, where its population size is decreasing due to land clearing.

## Conservation status

*Prostanthera pedicellata* is classified as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.

## InfoBox

| *Prostanthera pedicellata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa (DEC) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Prostanthera* |
| Species: | ***P. pedicellata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prostanthera pedicellata***
B.J.Conn | |
|
|  | |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |