title: UEFA Euro 2020 broadcasting rights

text:
# UEFA Euro 2020 broadcasting rights

UEFA Euro 2020 was an international football tournament that took place in June and July 2021 involving 24 men's national teams from nations affiliated to the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). The tournament was broadcast via television and radio all over the world.

## Television

### UEFA

| Territory | Rights holder(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Albania |  |  |
| Andorra |  |  |
| Armenia | Armenia TV |  |
| Austria |  |  |
| Azerbaijan |  |  |
| Belarus | Belteleradio |  |
| Belgium |  |  |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |  |  |
| Bulgaria |  |  |
| Croatia |  |  |
| Cyprus | CyBC |  |
| Czech Republic | ČT |  |
| Denmark |  |  |
| Estonia | ERR |  |
| Finland | Yle |  |
| France |  |  |
| Georgia | GPB |  |
| Germany |  |  |
| Greece |  |  |
| Hungary | MTVA |  |
| Iceland | 365 Media |  |
| Ireland | RTÉ |  |
| Israel | Charlton |  |
| Italy |  |  |
| Kazakhstan |  |  |
| Kosovo |  |  |
| Latvia | MTG |  |
| Lithuania | LNK |  |
| Malta | PBS |  |
| Moldova | GMG |  |
| Montenegro |  |  |
| Netherlands | NOS |  |
| North Macedonia |  |  |
| Norway |  |  |
| Poland | TVP |  |
| Portugal |  |  |
| Romania | Pro TV |  |
| Russia |  |  |
| San Marino |  |  |
| Serbia |  |  |
| Slovakia | RTVS |  |
| Slovenia |  |  |
| Spain | Mediaset España |  |
| Sweden |  |  |
| Switzerland | SRG SSR |  |
| Turkey | TRT |  |
| Ukraine | Ukrayina |  |
| United Kingdom |  |  |

### Rest of world

| Territory | Rights holder(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Afghanistan | 1TV |  |
| Argentina | TNT Sports |  |
| Australia | Optus Sport |  |
| Benin | Canal 3 |  |
| Bolivia |  |  |
| Brazil | Canais Globo |  |
| Brunei | Kristal-Astro |  |
| Burkina Faso | BF1 TV |  |
| Cambodia | CBS |  |
| Cameroon | Canal 2 |  |
| Canada |  |  |
| Cape Verde | RTC |  |
| Caribbean |  |  |
| Central African Republic | TVCA |  |
| Central America | SKY |  |
| Chile | TNT Sports |  |
| China |  |  |
| Colombia | Win Sports+ |  |
| Comoros | ORTC |  |
| Costa Rica |  |  |
| Cuba | ICRT |  |
| El Salvador | TCS |  |
| Eswatini | Eswatini TV |  |
| Fiji | FBC |  |
| Gabon | RTG |  |
| Gambia | GRTS |  |
| Ghana | Multimedia Group |  |
| Guatemala | Chapin TV |  |
| Guinea | RTG |  |
| Guinea-Bissau | TGB |  |
| Haiti | TNH |  |
| Honduras | TVC |  |
| Hong Kong | PCCW Media |  |
| Indian subcontinent | Sony Pictures Networks |  |
| Indonesia |  |  |
| Inflight | * Sport 24 |  |
| Ivory Coast | Life TV |  |
| Japan | Wowow |  |
| Kenya | KTN |  |
| Kyrgyzstan | * KTRK * Q Sport * Saran Media |  |
| Liberia | LBS |  |
| Macau | TDM |  |
| Madagascar | ORTM |  |
| Malawi | MBC |  |
| Malaysia |  |  |
| Maldives | Raajje TV |  |
| Mali | ORTM |  |
| Mauritius | MBC |  |
| MENA | beIN Sports |  |
| Mexico |  |  |
| Mongolia |  |  |
| Mozambique | TVM |  |
| Myanmar | Sky Net |  |
| Namibia | NBC |  |
| Nepal | DishHome |  |
| New Zealand | SKY |  |
| Niger | ORTN |  |
| Nigeria |  |  |
| Pacific Ocean | Digicel |  |
| Paraguay | Tigo Sports |  |
| Peru | América Televisión |  |
| Philippines | LIVENow |  |
| Rwanda | RBA |  |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | TVS |  |
| Senegal | Groupe Futurs Médias |  |
| Seychelles | SBC |  |
| Singapore | LIVENow |  |
| South Africa | SuperSport |  |
| South Korea | CJ ENM |  |
| South America | DirecTV |  |
| Sub-Saharan Africa |  |  |
| Taiwan | Eleven Sports |  |
| Tajikistan | * Saran * TV Varzish |  |
| Tanzania | Azam TV |  |
| Thailand |  |  |
| Timor-Leste | ETO |  |
| Togo | TVT |  |
| Turkmenistan | Saran |  |
| United States |  |  |
| Uzbekistan | Uzreport TV |  |
| Venezuela | IVC Networks |  |
| Vietnam | VTV |  |
| Zimbabwe | ZBC |  |

## Radio

### UEFA

| Territory | Rights holder(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Belgium | VRT |  |
| Germany | ARD |  |
| Italy | RTL 102.5 |  |
| Spain |  |  |
| Sweden | Sveriges Radio |  |
| United Kingdom |  |  |

### Rest of world

| Territory | Rights holder(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Indonesia | MNC |  |
| United States | Uforia Audio Network |  |

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title: Tūtoko River

abstract: The Tūtoko River is a river located in the Darran Mountains in New Zealand. Originating from the western flank of Mount Tūtoko it is a tributary of the Cleddau River.

text:
# Tūtoko River

The **Tūtoko River** is a river located in the Darran Mountains in New Zealand. Originating from the western flank of Mount Tūtoko it is a tributary of the Cleddau River.

"Place name detail: Tūtoko River". *New Zealand Gazetteer*. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009.

## InfoBox

| Tūtoko River | |
| --- | --- |
| Tūtoko River in 2016 | |
| Route of the Tūtoko River | |
| Mouth of the Tūtoko RiverTūtoko River (South Island)Tūtoko River (New Zealand) | |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Southland |
| District | Southland |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Grave Couloir |
| coordinates | 44°35′15″S 167°59′16″E / 44.5876°S 167.9879°E / -44.5876; 167.9879 |
| elevation | 1,280 metres (4,200 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Cleddau River |
| coordinates | 44°40′57″S 167°57′23″E / 44.68241°S 167.95632°E / -44.68241; 167.95632 |
| elevation | 25 metres (82 ft) |
| Length | 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | **Tūtoko River**Cleddau RiverMilford SoundTasman Sea |


title: U.S. Route 366 (1932–1939)

abstract: U.S. Route 366 or US 366 was the designation of two child routes of the former U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico and Texas during the late 1920s and 1930s. Both alignments of US 366 were original U.S. Routes created in 1927. The first alignment was a route from El Paso, Texas to Amarillo, Texas crossing through New Mexico that existed until 1932. The second was a route from Albuquerque to Willard that was previously designated U.S. Route 470 before 1932. That alignment was canceled in 1939.

text:
# U.S. Route 366 (1932–1939)

**U.S. Route 366** or **US 366** was the designation of two child routes of the former U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico and Texas during the late 1920s and 1930s. Both alignments of US 366 were original U.S. Routes created in 1927. The first alignment was a route from El Paso, Texas to Amarillo, Texas crossing through New Mexico that existed until 1932. The second was a route from Albuquerque to Willard that was previously designated **U.S. Route 470** before 1932. That alignment was canceled in 1939.

## History

This iteration of US 366 replaced US 470 in New Mexico, which was also one of the original routes of the 1927 AASHO log. The parent route of U.S. 470 was US 70 which it met at Willard. The route as published proceeded from Willard through Moriarty ending at Albuquerque for at total of 73 miles (117 km). US 470 followed part of the route of NM 41 north from Willard to Moriarty, and NM 6 west to Albuquerque where it ended at the combined route of US 66 and US 85. US 470 was renamed US 366 when US 70 was relocated southward over the previous US 366 ending the parent route connection, but creating a new one with US 66. In the late 1930s, US 66 was rerouted south from its original path through Santa Fe over to NM 6 from Albuquerque to Santa Rosa including the section of US 366 west of Moriarty. At that time, US 366's designation was canceled, and the portion between Willard and Moriarty retained its NM 41 designation. The segment between Albuquerque and Moriarty is now part of I-40 and NM 333.

## Route description

The final alignment of US 366 began at the intersection of NM 6 with the combined routes US 66 and US 85 at Albuquerque in Bernalillo County. The route proceeded to the east along NM 6 and intersected NM 10 at Tijeras. The route then passed through Barton and then crossed the southwestern corner of Santa Fe County. The route then entered Torrance County where the route intersected NM 41 at Moriarty. The route then turned south along NM 41 and passed through Estancia before terminating at US 60 just west of Willard.

The 1930 state highway map described the route as a first class road usable all year. From Albuquerque to a point just west of Tijeras, the highway had an oiled and concrete surface. From that point to Barton, the highway had a gravel surface. From Barton to Moriarty, the surface was graded, and the surface was gravel beyond Moriarty to Willard.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bernalillo | Albuquerque | 0 | 0.0 | US 66 / US 85 / NM 6 west Los Lunas, Santa Fe | Western end of NM 6 overlap |
| | Tijeras | 16 | 26 | NM 10 |  |
| Santa Fe
 | No major junctions | | | | | | | |
| Torrance | Moriarty | 39 | 63 | NM 6 east / NM 41 north Santa Fe, Santa Rosa | Eastern end of NM 6 overlap; northern end of NM 41 overlap |
| | Estancia | 55 | 89 | NM 15 |  |
| | Willard | 66 | 106 | US 60 / NM 41 south Socorro, Fort Sumner | Southern end of NM 41 overlap |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| U.S. Highway 366 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Auxiliary route of US 66 | |
| Maintained by New Mexico State Highway Department | |
| Length | 73 mi (117 km) |
| Existed | 1932–1939 |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | US 66 / US 85 / NM 6 in Albuquerque |
| East end | US 60 / NM 41 in Willard |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Mexico |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **New Mexico State Highway System** | |


title: USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30)

abstract: USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) is a 240-foot (73 m) multi-purpose vessel with a primary mission as a heavy icebreaker specifically built for operations on the North American Great Lakes for the United States Coast Guard. IMO number: 9271054. Her larger precursor, the USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83), IMO number 6119534, had a 62-year career on the same waters prior to being decommissioned on June 10, 2006, and turned into a museum ship docked in Mackinaw City, Michigan. Among the missions the current Mackinaw is capable of and tasked with as needed is buoy tending, law enforcement and interdiction, search and rescue, and environmental remediation response.

text:
# USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30)

**USCGC *Mackinaw* (WLBB-30)** is a 240-foot (73 m) multi-purpose vessel with a primary mission as a heavy icebreaker specifically built for operations on the North American Great Lakes for the United States Coast Guard. IMO number: 9271054.

Her larger precursor, the USCGC *Mackinaw* (WAGB-83), IMO number 6119534, had a 62-year career on the same waters prior to being decommissioned on June 10, 2006, and turned into a museum ship docked in Mackinaw City, Michigan.

Among the missions the current *Mackinaw* is capable of and tasked with as needed is buoy tending, law enforcement and interdiction, search and rescue, and environmental remediation response.

## Background

*Mackinaw* was delivered to the Coast Guard on November 18, 2005, and commissioned on June 10, 2006. In addition to her ice-breaking duties, the *Mackinaw* also serves as an Aids-to-Navigation ship, since she is able to perform the same duties as the Seagoing Buoy Tenders (WLB) of the Coast Guard fleet. Further, she can conduct law enforcement and search-and-rescue missions and can deploy an oil-skimming system to respond to oil-spill situations and environmental response.

## Mechanical aspects

One of the *Mackinaw'*s unique features in the US Coast Guard fleet is the use of two Azipod units, ABB's brand of electric azimuth thrusters, for her main propulsion. These, coupled with a 550 hp (410 kW) bow thruster, make the ship exceptionally maneuverable. The Azipod units also remove the need for a traditional rudder, as the thrusters can turn 360 degrees around their vertical axis to direct their thrust in any direction. The *Mackinaw* also lacks a traditional ship's steering wheel. Much of the ship’s technology, including the Azipod thrusters, is from Finnish Maritime Cluster. Additionally, the *Mackinaw* can continuously proceed through fresh water ice up to 32 inches (81 cm) thick at 3 knots or 14 inches (36 cm) at 10 knots. She can also break smooth, continuous ice up to 42 inches (110 cm) thick by rising on top of it and crushing it with the weight of her bow.

## History

The *Mackinaw* got off to a rocky start before being commissioned. While en route to her new home port of Cheboygan, Michigan, the *Mackinaw* struck a seawall in Grand Haven, Michigan on December 12, 2005. The accident caused a 10-foot (3.0 m) dent in her starboard bow. Shortly after, Captain Donald Triner, the commanding officer of the *Mackinaw*, was temporarily relieved of duty pending an investigation into the event. The accident did not delay the ship, which arrival on schedule on December 17, 2005. Captain Triner was later permanently relieved of duty and replaced by Captain Michael Hudson.

The *Mackinaw* is stationed at Cheboygan, Michigan. It can be seen and toured at Grand Haven's Coast Guard Festival every summer. The ship was also featured on the television series Modern Marvels.

Captain Hudson was subsequently replaced by Commander John Little in April 2006. CDR Scott J. Smith assumed command in July 2008 and was relieved by CDR Michael J. Davanzo in Aug, 2011. In June 2014, CDR Vasilios Tasikas assumed command. In June 2017, CDR John Stone assumed command. In June 2020, CDR Kristen Serumgard assumed command. In July 2022, CDR Jeannette Greene assumed command.

*Katmai Bay*, stationed at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, helps the *Mackinaw* in ice breaking duties.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Builder | Marinette Marine Corporation (MMC) |
| Laid down | February 09, 2004 |
| Launched | April 2, 2005 |
| Commissioned | June 10, 2006 |
| Homeport | Cheboygan, Michigan |
| Identification |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 3,500 tons |
| Length | 240 ft (73 m) |
| Beam | 58.5 ft (17.8 m) |
| Draft | 16 ft (4.9 m) |
| Propulsion | * Integrated Main Propulsion & Electrical Plant * ABB Azipod \- Fixed Pitch, 10’ diameter * 9,119 shp (6.8 MW) |
| Speed | 16 knots (30 km/h) |
| Complement | 9 Officers, 46 Enlisted |
| Armament | * 2 x machine guns * Various small arms |
| Capacity | * 130,896 US gal (495 kl) (Diesel fuel) * 27,500 US gal (104 kl) (potable water) |


title: Giles Dawson

abstract: Giles Edwin Dawson was a 20th-century Shakespearean scholar, paleographer, and librarian.

text:
# Giles Dawson

**Giles Edwin Dawson** (4 March 1903 – 26 August 1994) was a 20th-century Shakespearean scholar, paleographer, and librarian.

## Life

Born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of noted American ornithologist William Leon Dawson and Frances Etta Akerman. Dawson graduated from Oberlin College in 1925 and went on to earn an MA and PhD from Cornell University. He served on the faculty of the University of North Dakota and the Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland before joining the Folger Shakespeare Library as a reference librarian in 1932.

Dawson served in the U. S. Navy in World War II. From 1946 until his retirement in 1967, he was the curator of books and manuscripts for the Folger. He was a member of the Catholic University faculty from 1935 to 1972, lecturing to graduate students until 1967. He also taught at Howard University from 1975 to 1977. From 1984 until May 1994, he volunteered as the rare-book librarian for the Washington National Cathedral.

## Family

Dawson married Margaret Williams in 1926. They had two children. She died in 1957. Two years later he married Margaret White, with whom he had three children.

## Major works

* *July and Julian*. Ed. with Arthur Brown. Malone Society Reprints, 1955
* *Life of William Shakespeare*. Folger Shakespeare Library, 1958
* *Four Centuries of Shakespeare Publication*. University of Kansas Press, 1964
* *Records of plays and players in Kent, 1450-1642*. Malone Society Collections, Vol. 7, Oxford University Press, 1965
* *Elizabethan Handwriting, 1500–1650: A Guide to the Reading of Documents*. with Laetitia Kennedy-Skipton. W. W. Norton and Company, 1966
* "A Seventh Signature for Shakespeare". *Shakespeare Quarterly* 43 (Spring 1992): 72–79, p. 79

"Giles E. Dawson, 91, Dies; Authority on Shakespeare". Obituary. *The Washington Post*, 29 August 1994, D4, col. 1.

## InfoBox

| Giles Dawson | |
| --- | --- |
| Giles E. Dawson examining rare books acquired for the Folger Library, Washington, D.C., 14 May 1938 | |
| Born | Giles Edwin Dawson
(1903-03-04)4 March 1903
Columbus, Ohio, United States |
| Died | 26 August 1994(1994-08-26) (aged 91) |
| Education | Oberlin College, Cornell University |
| Occupation(s) | 20th-century Shakespearean scholar, paleographer, and librarian |
| Spouses | *   Margaret Williams  (m. 1926; died 1957) *   Margaret White (m. 1959) |
| Children | 2+3 |
| Parents |  |


title: Giles Dilnot

abstract: Giles Tristan John Dilnot, is a former BBC television presenter and reporter. He is now the Director of Communications and External Affairs for the Office of the Children's Commissioner for England.

text:
# Giles Dilnot

**Giles Tristan John Dilnot** (born 7 January 1971), is a former BBC television presenter and reporter. He is now the Director of Communications and External Affairs for the Office of the Children's Commissioner for England.

## Early life

Dilnot was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire in 1971, and grew up in the village of Leeds (five miles east of the county town of Maidstone) in Kent, where his father was the vicar.

## Education

Dilnot was educated on a son-of-clergy bursary at St. John's School, a boarding independent school for boys (now co-educational) in the town of Leatherhead in Surrey, followed by Jesus College, Cambridge, from whence he graduated in 1993.

## Life and career

Dilnot first worked at Chiltern Radio, a commercial radio station in the Chilterns area of Bedfordshire and at Mercia FM radio station in Coventry, followed by the BBC's former radio station GLR (since renamed BBC London 94.9), for which he reported, produced and presented. He moved to BBC Southern Counties Radio in Guildford, in the same county as his former senior school, and then joined the television launch of BBC *South East Today* in 2001, becoming a co-presenter of the programme a year later.

In November 2004 an effigy of Dilnot was burned at the Lewes bonfire celebrations. BBC *South East Today* had angered some members of Sussex bonfire societies by its reporting of an allegedly racist display at the nearby Firle bonfire night in 2003, where an effigy of a Gypsy family in a caravan was burned.

In November 2004, Dilnot joined BBC2's *Daily Politics* programme as a regular reporter and co-presenter, regularly interviewing members of the public on current political and social issues. He has also appeared on a variety of programmes such as the *Politics Show* (the forerunner of the current *Sunday Politics*) on BBC1 and the early morning news magazine programme *BBC Breakfast.* He has stood in for regular presenters on BBC Radio 5 Live and has made three radio documentaries for BBC Radio 4.

Chris Marsden, the national secretary of the Socialist Equality Party (SEP), accused Dilnot of issuing "politically slanderous" commentary during a live interview claiming his comment "crossed accepted journalistic boundaries", a complaint that was later rejected. While interviewing Marsden for BBC 2's *Daily Politics* on 21 May 2014 during the campaign for the European election, Dilnot, referring to Marsden's claim that existing news media would be removed in a revolution, said "Please tell me I am not first up against the wall when it comes." According to Marsden, who officially complained to the BBC, he could only reply "Of course not" before the item ended and was handed back to the studio. Marsden's complaint was not upheld, and on the programme a week later he was invited to explain why he had complained.

Dilnot left the BBC in July 2016, and in August 2016 he joined the public policy think tank the Legatum Institute as its Director of Communications.

He left the Legatum Institute in April 2017 to join the Office of the then Children's Commissioner for England (Anne Longfield OBE) as its Director of Communications and External Affairs. He has now left that position and since September 2022 has been a Special Advisor to the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.

## Personal life

Dilnot married Amanda Cook in August 1997. They have a son and a daughter (their son born in 2004 and their daughter in 2008). The couple separated amicably in 2016 and remain good friends. He has a range of interests from collecting rare thrillers to travelling, and is particularly interested in the South African bush, where he has worked in conservation, and Thailand, where his family lived for many years. He remarried in 2020 and has a young son.

## InfoBox

| Giles Dilnot | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Giles Tristan John Dilnot
(1971-01-07) 7 January 1971
Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | St. John's School, Leatherhead, Surrey |
| Alma mater | Jesus College, Cambridge (Graduated 1993) |
| Occupation(s) | Director, journalist, presenter |
| Employer | Office of the Children's Commissioner for England |
| Known for | Director of Communications and External Affairs, Office of the Children's Commissioner for England (Apr. 2017 -)
Director of Communications, Legatum Institute (Aug. 2016 - Apr. 2017)
Reporter and relief presenter, *Daily Politics*, BBC Two (Nov. 2004 - July 2016)
Co-presenter, BBC *South East Today*, BBC One (2002-2004)
Reporter, BBC *South East Today*, BBC One |
| Spouse(s) | Amanda Cook (m. Aug. 1997); separated 2016 |
| Children | One son (b. 2004) and one daughter (b. 2008) |
| Family | Son of a vicar |


title: Mineola, Arkansas

abstract: Mineola is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Arkansas, United States. On April 24, 2011, an EF1 tornado traveled from Umpire to Mineola parallel to Arkansas Highway 84, damaging a few structures. The tornado was on the back end of a period of heighted tornado activity that led directly into the 2011 Super Outbreak that began on April 25.

text:
# Mineola, Arkansas

**Mineola** (also **Minieola**) is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Arkansas, United States. On April 24, 2011, an EF1 tornado traveled from Umpire to Mineola parallel to Arkansas Highway 84, damaging a few structures. The tornado was on the back end of a period of heighted tornado activity that led directly into the 2011 Super Outbreak that began on April 25.

## InfoBox

| Mineola, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| MineolaMineola | |
| Coordinates: 34°18′48″N 94°01′51″W / 34.31333°N 94.03083°W / 34.31333; -94.03083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Howard |
| Elevation | 301 m (988 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 72690 |
| U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mineola, Arkansas | |


title: Mineola, British Columbia

abstract: Mineola is a ghost town located in the Okanagan region of British Columbia. It was located west of Okanagan Lake in the Okanagan hills, north of the junction of Trout and Darke Creeks, northwest of Summerland. Mineola was a lumber town. The town had its own post office and was busy for over a decade.

text:
# Mineola, British Columbia

**Mineola** is a ghost town located in the Okanagan region of British Columbia. It was located west of Okanagan Lake in the Okanagan hills, north of the junction of Trout and Darke Creeks, northwest of Summerland. Mineola was a lumber town. The town had its own post office and was busy for over a decade.

## InfoBox

| Mineola | |
| --- | --- |
| MineolaLocation of Mineola in British Columbia | |
| Coordinates: 49°37′30″N 119°47′00″W / 49.62500°N 119.78333°W / 49.62500; -119.78333 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |


title: Gifford S. Robinson

abstract: Gifford Simeon Robinson was an American jurist and politician. He was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 1, 1888, to December 31, 1899, appointed from Buena Vista County.

text:
# Gifford S. Robinson

**Gifford Simeon Robinson** (May 28, 1843 – May 28, 1936) was an American jurist and politician. He was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from January 1, 1888, to December 31, 1899, appointed from Buena Vista County.

## Biography

Gifford S. Robinson was born in Tremont, Illinois on May 28, 1843. He was educated at Illinois State Normal University and the Washington University School of Law in St. Louis.

During the Civil War, he enlisted with the 115th Illinois Infantry Regiment and fought in the battles of Franklin and Chickamauga. He was wounded in the latter, and was discharged. He moved to Iowa to practice law in 1870.

## Political career

Robinson was elected mayor of Storm Lake, Iowa, after which he won a seat in the state House of Representatives in 1875 and the state Senate in 1881.

He was elected to the state Supreme Court, serving from 1888 to 1899, and was chief justice for the 1892 session.

## Death

Gifford S. Robinson died at a cottage on West Okoboji Lake on May 28, 1936.

## InfoBox

| Gifford S. Robinson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1888  December 31, 1899 | |
| Constituency | Buena Vista County |
| Member of the Iowa Senate | |
| **In office**
1882–1888 | |
| Member of the Iowa House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1875–1877 | |
| Constituency | 71st District |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1843-05-28)May 28, 1843
Tremont, Illinois |
| Died | May 28, 1936(1936-05-28) (aged 93)
West Okoboji Lake, Iowa |
| Education |  |
| Occupation | Jurist, politician |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Gifford State Forest (Ohio)

abstract: Gifford State Forest is the smallest state forest in the U.S. state of Ohio. It includes some hiking trails, forested hills and bluffs, and a small breeding nursery. It is located in Bern Township, Athens County. This forest was donated by William Gifford Selby in 1959 and is named after his mother Virginia Gifford.

text:
# Gifford State Forest (Ohio)

**Gifford State Forest** is the smallest state forest in the U.S. state of Ohio. It includes some hiking trails, forested hills and bluffs, and a small breeding nursery. It is located in Bern Township, Athens County. This forest was donated by William Gifford Selby in 1959 and is named after his mother Virginia Gifford.

39°26′48″N 81°54′34″W / 39.44667°N 81.90944°W / 39.44667; -81.90944

## InfoBox

| Gifford State Forest | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
| Location within OhioGifford State Forest (Ohio) (the United States) | |
| Location | Athens County, Ohio |
| Nearest city | Bern Township, OH |
| Area | 320 acres (130 ha) |
| Established | 1959 |
| Governing body | Ohio Department of Natural Resources |


title: Gifford School

abstract: The Gifford School is a special education school located on Route 20, in Weston, Massachusetts. In total, it has approximately 100 students. The school takes students ages 8 and up, and is separated into a lower school, a middle school, and a high school departments, each with their own principal, social worker, and head teacher.

text:
# Gifford School

The **Gifford School** is a special education school located on Route 20, in Weston, Massachusetts. In total, it has approximately 100 students. The school takes students ages 8 and up, and is separated into a lower school (elementary school), a middle school, and a high school departments, each with their own principal, social worker, and head teacher.

## Campus

The Gifford School's campus consists of an administration building, a high school building, a middle school and lower school building, The Fenn Center, a woodshop building and a woodshed. The Fenn Center consists of the science room, computer lab, gymnasium with a stage, nurse's office, and Multi Media Arts Studio. The gymnasium is also used as an auditorium and lunch room.

## Fire

On Wednesday, December 23, 2009, at 6:04 am, The Fenn Center was involved in a 4-Alarm fire and was severely damaged. The fire was determined to be accidental. Backup was called in from the surrounding towns of Lexington, Waltham, Natick, Newton, Sudbury, and Wellesley. The fire caused Route 20 and the on-ramp to Route 128 to be closed during the morning commute.

42°22′02.83″N 71°16′39.42″W / 42.3674528°N 71.2776167°W / 42.3674528; -71.2776167


title: Miraflores, La Paz

abstract: Miraflores is a neighborhood of La Paz, the capital city of Bolivia. It is located in the east of the city center. Miraflores has as its main attractions the Botanical Garden, Busch Avenue, Villarroel Square to the north, the Hernando Siles Stadium next to the Archaeological Plaza, among others. Miraflores is a residential neighborhood and is completely urbanized. The area was subject to extensive redevelopment, starting in the 1950s. The Miraflores Women's Penitentiary Center is located there.

text:
# Miraflores, La Paz

**Miraflores** is a neighborhood of La Paz, the capital city of Bolivia. It is located in the east of the city center. Miraflores has as its main attractions the Botanical Garden, Busch Avenue, Villarroel Square to the north, the Hernando Siles Stadium next to the Archaeological Plaza, among others. Miraflores is a residential neighborhood and is completely urbanized.

The area was subject to extensive redevelopment, starting in the 1950s.

The Miraflores Women's Penitentiary Center is located there.

16°29′58″S 68°07′22″W / 16.4994°S 68.1228°W / -16.4994; -68.1228


title: Minnesota State Highway 106

abstract: Minnesota State Highway 106 is a 7.365-mile-long (11.853 km) highway in west-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 29 in Deer Creek and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 10 near New York Mills. Highway 106 passes through the communities of Deer Creek, Deer Creek Township, and Newton Township.

text:
# Minnesota State Highway 106

**Minnesota State Highway 106** (**MN 106**) is a 7.365-mile-long (11.853 km) highway in west-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 29 in Deer Creek and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 10 near New York Mills.

Highway 106 passes through the communities of Deer Creek, Deer Creek Township, and Newton Township.

## Route description

State Highway 106 serves as a north–south route between Deer Creek and New York Mills in west-central Minnesota.

The route is located in Otter Tail County.

The speed limit from north of Deer Creek to US 10 is 60 mph (95 km/h) and 30 mph (50 km/h) inside the Deer Creek city limits to its southern end at MN 29.

Highway 106 crosses the Leaf River in Deer Creek Township.

The route is legally defined as Route 184 in the Minnesota Statutes. It is not marked with this number.

## History

State Highway 106 was authorized in 1933.

The route was paved by 1953.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Otter Tail County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Deer Creek | 0.000 | 0.000 | MN 29 Alexandria | Southern terminus |
| | 0.211 | 0.340 | CSAH 50 (Main Street) |  |
| Deer Creek Township | 2.777 | 4.469 | CSAH 52 |  |
| Newton Township | 5.748 | 9.251 | CR 142 |  |
| | 7.403 | 11.914 | US 10 Wadena, Detroit Lakes | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Minnesota State Highway 106KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Trunk Highway 106 | |
| --- | --- |
| MN 106 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MnDOT | |
| Length | 7.365 mi (11.853 km) |
| Existed | April 22, 1933–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | MN 29 in Deer Creek |
| Major intersections | CSAH 52 in Deer Creek Township. |
| North end | US 10 in Newton Township |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| Counties | Otter Tail |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Minnesota Trunk Highway System** | |
| MN 105   MN 107 | |


title: UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying play-offs

abstract: The UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying play-off ties were played over two legs, with the first legs on 11 November and the second legs on 15 November 2011. The four winners are found according to the standard rules for the knockout phase in European competitions, and the winners qualified for the Euro 2012 tournament. Qualifying play-offs was a second stage (round) of UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying.

text:
# UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying play-offs

The **UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying play-off** ties were played over two legs, with the first legs on 11 November and the second legs on 15 November 2011. The four winners are found according to the standard rules for the knockout phase in European competitions, and the winners qualified for the Euro 2012 tournament. Qualifying play-offs was a second stage (round) of UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying.

## Ranking of second-placed teams

The highest ranked second placed team from the groups qualified automatically for the tournament, while the remainder entered the playoffs. As six groups contained six teams and three with five, matches against the sixth-placed team in each group were discarded in this ranking. As a result, a total of eight matches played by each team count toward the purpose of the second-placed ranking table.

| Pos | Grp | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Sweden | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 11 | +9 | 18 | Qualify for final tournament |
| 2 |  | Portugal | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 12 | +9 | 16 | Advance to play-offs |
| 3 |  | Croatia | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 6 | +6 | | 16 |
| 4 |  | Republic of Ireland | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 6 | +4 | | 15 |
| 5 |  | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 8 | +1 | | 14 |
| 6 |  | Czech Republic | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 8 | +4 | | 13 |
| 7 |  | Estonia | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 11 | +2 | | 13 |
| 8 |  | Montenegro | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | | 12 |
| 9 |  | Turkey | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 2 | | 11 |

Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Counting only matches against teams ranked first to fifth in the group, 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Away goals scored; 5) UEFA national team coefficient ranking; 6) Lower disciplinary points total; 7) Drawing of lots.

## Seedings

The draw for the play-offs was held on 13 October 2011 in Kraków, Poland, to determine the four pairings as well as the order of the home and away ties.

After the controversy caused by the UEFA play-offs during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying – which was originally to be an unseeded draw, but was later altered by FIFA to a seeded one – UEFA stated from the outset that the draw for the play-offs would be seeded. The four runners-up with the best positions in the UEFA team coefficient ranking system were therefore seeded.

Each nation's coefficient was generated by calculating:

The seedings were as follows:

| Pot 1 (seeded) Team Coeff Rank  Croatia 32.723 7  Portugal 31.202 11  Republic of Ireland 28.203 13  Czech Republic 27.982 15 | Pot 2 (unseeded) Team Coeff Rank  Turkey 27.601 18  Bosnia and Herzegovina 27.199 19  Montenegro 21.876 35  Estonia 20.355 37 |
| --- | --- |

## Summary

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Turkey | 0–3 | **Croatia** | 0–3 | 0–0 |
| Estonia | 1–5 | **Republic of Ireland** | 0–4 | 1–1 |
| **Czech Republic** | 3–0 | Montenegro | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2–6 | **Portugal** | 0–0 | 2–6 |

## Matches

| Turkey | 0–3 | Croatia |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Olić  2'
Mandžukić  32'
Ćorluka  51' |

Türk Telekom Arena, IstanbulAttendance: 42,863Referee: Felix Brych (Germany)

| Croatia | 0–0 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Maksimir Stadium, ZagrebAttendance: 26,371Referee: Pedro Proença (Portugal)

*Croatia won 3–0 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2012.*

---

| Estonia | 0–4 | Republic of Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Andrews  13'
Walters  67'
Keane  71', 88' (pen.) |

A. Le Coq Arena, TallinnAttendance: 9,692Referee: Viktor Kassai (Hungary)

| Republic of Ireland | 1–1 | Estonia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ward  32' | Report | Vassiljev  57' |

Aviva Stadium, DublinAttendance: 51,151Referee: Björn Kuipers (Netherlands)

*Republic of Ireland won 5–1 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2012.*

---

| Czech Republic | 2–0 | Montenegro |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pilař  63'
Sivok  90+2' | Report |  |

Generali Arena, PragueAttendance: 14,560Referee: Martin Atkinson (England)

| Montenegro | 0–1 | Czech Republic |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Jiráček  81' |

Podgorica City Stadium, PodgoricaAttendance: 10,100Referee: Nicola Rizzoli (Italy)

*Czech Republic won 3–0 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2012.*

---

| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0–0 | Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bilino Polje, ZenicaAttendance: 12,352Referee: Howard Webb (England)

| Portugal | 6–2 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ronaldo  8', 53'
Nani  24'
Postiga  72', 82'
Veloso  80' | Report | Misimović  41' (pen.)
Spahić  65' |

Estádio da Luz, LisbonAttendance: 47,728Referee: Wolfgang Stark (Germany)

*Portugal won 6–2 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2012.*

## Goalscorers

There were 20 goals scored in 8 matches, for an average of 2.5 goals per match.

**2 goals**

**1 goal**


title: Mioawateria asarotum

abstract: Mioawateria asarotum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

text:
# Mioawateria asarotum

***Mioawateria asarotum*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 6.9 mm, its diameter 4.8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species was found off Indonesia and in the Arafura Sea, at depths between 884 m-891 m

* Sysoev, Alexander (1997). Crosnier, A.; Bouchet, P. (eds.). "Mollusca Gastropoda: New deep-water turrid gastropods (Conoidea) from eastern Indonesia" (PDF). *Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM*. **16** (172). Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat: 325–355. ISBN 2-85653-506-2. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
* MNHN, Paris: holotype
* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.

## InfoBox

| *Mioawateria asarotum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Raphitomidae |
| Genus: | *Mioawateria* |
| Species: | ***M. asarotum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mioawateria asarotum***<br>Sysoev, 1997 | |
|


title: Gigantotrichoderes flabellicornis

abstract: Gigantotrichoderes flabellicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965 as being a part of the Kardashian Klan.

text:
# Gigantotrichoderes flabellicornis

***Gigantotrichoderes flabellicornis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965 as being a part of the Kardashian Klan.

## InfoBox

| *Gigantotrichoderes flabellicornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Gigantotrichoderes*** |
| Species: | ***G. flabellicornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gigantotrichoderes flabellicornis***<br>(Zajciw, 1965) | |
|


title: Mircea Stan (professor)

abstract: Mircea R. Stan is a Romanian-American computer scientist, researcher and professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Virginia (UVA). He leads the High-Performance Low-Power (HPLP) lab at UVA and is an associate director of the Center for Automata Processing at UVA. He holds the Virginia Microelectronics Consortium (VMEC) chaired professor position at UVa. Stan's research is focused in the areas of high-performance low-power VLSI, temperature-aware circuits and architecture, embedded systems, cyber-physical systems, spintronics, and nanoelectronics.

text:
# Mircea Stan (professor)

**Mircea R. Stan** is a Romanian-American computer scientist, researcher and professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Virginia (UVA). He leads the High-Performance Low-Power (HPLP) lab at UVA and is an associate director of the Center for Automata Processing at UVA. He holds the Virginia Microelectronics Consortium (VMEC) chaired professor position at UVa. Stan's research is focused in the areas of high-performance low-power VLSI, temperature-aware circuits and architecture, embedded systems, cyber-physical systems, spintronics, and nanoelectronics.

## Education and career

Stan received his diploma in Electronics and Communications from Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania in 1984. He later received his Master's Degree (1994) and Ph.D. (1996) from the University of Massachusetts – Amherst with Wayne Burleson as his dissertation advisor. In 1996, he joined the Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Virginia, where he has been teaching and performing research since. During his time at UVA, Stan has become the Virginia Microelectronics Consortium (VMEC) Professor (2019), an associate director at the Center for Automata Processing (CAP), and the leader of the High-Performance Low-Power(HPLP) lab. In addition to his time at UVA, Stan has also worked at the University of California, Berkeley as a visiting faculty member (2004–2005). He was also a visiting faculty member at Intel (1999 and 2002) as well as IBM (2000).

## Research and publications

Stan's research is focused on the areas of high-performance low-power VLSI, temperature-aware circuits and architecture, embedded systems, cyber-physical systems, spintronics, and nanoelectronics. His research interests include Internet of Things, low power design, processing in memory, and AI hardware. Stan has a number of publications, including the Bus Invert low-power encoding method and the HotSpot thermal modeling framework. His work with the HPLP lab at UVA includes research on hardware accelerators, processing in memory, cyber-physical systems, and emerging technologies.


title: Miradowo

abstract: Miradowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zblewo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Zblewo, 14 km (9 mi) west of Starogard Gdański, and 50 km (31 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Miradowo

**Miradowo** \[miraˈdɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zblewo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Zblewo, 14 km (9 mi) west of Starogard Gdański, and 50 km (31 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Miradowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Miradowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°57′47″N 18°19′18″E / 53.96306°N 18.32167°E / 53.96306; 18.32167 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Starogard |
| Gmina | Zblewo |
| Highest elevation | 131 m (430 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 104 m (341 ft) |
| Population | 335 |


title: Mirae

abstract:
Mirae may refer to :
  - Daegu Mirae College, a private college located in Gyeongsan City, South Korea
  - Mirae Asset, a securities and insurance company, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea
  - Mirae caritatis, an encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on the Holy Eucharist given on 28 May 1902
  - The Daewoo Mirae, a car unveiled on April 20, 1999 by Queen Elizabeth II
  - Mirae (band), a South Korean boy group signed to DSP Media
  - Mirae (Wi-Fi), a North Korean Wifi service

text:
# Mirae

**Mirae** (In Korean, Future) may refer to :

* Daegu Mirae College, a private college located in Gyeongsan City, South Korea
* Mirae Asset, a securities and insurance company, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea
* *Mirae caritatis*, an encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on the Holy Eucharist given on 28 May 1902
* The Daewoo Mirae, a car unveiled on April 20, 1999 by Queen Elizabeth II
* Mirae (band), a South Korean boy group signed to DSP Media
* Mirae (Wi-Fi), a North Korean Wifi service


title: Gilbert Berkeley

abstract: Gilbert Berkeley (1501–1581) was an English churchman, a Marian exile during the reign of Bloody Mary, and then Bishop of Bath and Wells.

text:
# Gilbert Berkeley

**Gilbert Berkeley** (1501–1581) was an English churchman, a Marian exile during the reign of Bloody Mary, and then Bishop of Bath and Wells.

## Life

He took the degree of B.D. at Oxford about 1539, according to Anthony à Wood. He was rector of Attleborough in 1544, according to 19th-century sources, though the *Dictionary of National Biography* doubts that there is evidence of his early preferments. During the reign of Mary I of England he was in exile at Frankfurt.

After the deprivation of Gilbert Bourne, bishop of Bath and Wells, license of election was granted 11 January 1560. Berkeley was elected to the see 29 January, the royal assent was given 20 March, he was consecrated at Lambeth 24 March, and received the temporalities 10 July. He received the degree of D.D. *per gratiam* in 1563. His dean at Wells was William Turner, another Marian exile but less conformist and with the dissenters in the Vestments controversy; Berkeley admonished him, and then in 1565 complained of his conduct to Archbishop Matthew Parker.

John Strype gives him a high reputation but records that in 1564 he licensed Thomas, son of John Harington, to the living of Kelston when only eighteen years of age. In 1574 the burgesses of Wells applied for a renewal of their ancient corporation, but Berkeley resisted their claim. In 1578 he successfully resisted an attempt made by William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester to impropriate the tithes of the living of West Monkton, of which he was patron. He died 2 November 1581. He had written to the lord treasurer urging that appointments might be made to fill sees, but the diocese of Bath and Wells was left without a bishop for nearly three years.


title: Ministry of Culture (Cape Verde)

abstract: The Ministry of Culture and Creative Industries is a national ministry of the Government of Cape Verde, which is responsible for politics in the area of the country's culture. Its current minister is Abraão Vicente who is since 2016. Along with other posts, it was created in 1975 after Cape Verde became independent. The post is responsible for famous historic landmarks. It also has an institute, the Cultural Heritage Investigation Institute.

text:
# Ministry of Culture (Cape Verde)

The **Ministry of Culture and Creative Industries** is a national ministry of the Government of Cape Verde, which is responsible for politics in the area of the country's culture. Its current minister is Abraão Vicente who is since 2016.

Along with other posts, it was created in 1975 after Cape Verde became independent.

The post is responsible for famous historic landmarks. It also has an institute (Portuguese: Instituto da Investigação e do Património Culturais (IIPC)), the Cultural Heritage Investigation Institute.

## Ministers of Culture

*Partial list from 2004*


title: Minuscule 568

abstract: Minuscule 568, ε 189, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.

text:
# Minuscule 568

**Minuscule 568** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 189 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.

## Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 259 parchment leaves (size 22 cm by 17.5 cm). It has ornamented head-pieces. The writing is in one column per page, 24 lines per page.

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (*chapters*), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (*titles*) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons.

It contains Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian tables, tables of the κεφαλαια before every Gospel, Synaxarion, Menologion, and pictures.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the Kak (with hesitation). Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

## History

The manuscript was presented by consul of Syra, Sandrinus. In 1851 it was donated to the Imperial Public Library in Petersburg by Sandrini, the consul of the Syros Island.

The manuscripts was examined and described by Eduard de Muralt (along with the codices 565-566, 569-572, 574, 575, and 1567), then by Kurt Treu.

Scrivener labelled it by 879, Gregory by 568.

Currently the manuscript is housed at the Russian National Library (Gr. 67) in Saint Petersburg.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Minuscule **568**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Epigram about Matthew the Evangelist and verses about the cross | |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 10th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Russian National Library |
| Size | 22 cm by 17.5 cm |
| Type | Byzantine text-type |
| Category | V |


title: USS Bienville

abstract: USS Bienville was a 1,558 long tons (1,583 t) (burden) wooden side-wheel paddle steamer acquired by the Union Navy early in the American Civil War. She was armed with heavy guns and assigned to the Union blockade of the waterways of the Confederate States of America.

text:
# USS Bienville

**USS *Bienville*** was a 1,558 long tons (1,583 t) (burden) wooden side-wheel paddle steamer acquired by the Union Navy early in the American Civil War. She was armed with heavy guns and assigned to the Union blockade of the waterways of the Confederate States of America.

## Built in Brooklyn, New York

*Bienville* built at Brooklyn, New York in 1860. She was a two-masted sail-steamer, with a walking beam steam engine driving a pair of side paddle wheels. The Union Navy bought her in August 1861 as part of the great expansion that took place in the first months of the American Civil War.

## Civil War operations

### Assigned to the South Atlantic blockade

She was commissioned in October 1861 and soon took part in the expedition that seized future Naval bases at Port Royal and Beaufort, South Carolina. *Bienville* operated off the Confederacy's Atlantic coast for more than a year, taking part in the capture of positions along the Georgia and Florida shore as well as ending the careers of several blockade runners, among them the steamships *Stettin* (later USS *Stettin*) (taken on May 24, 1862) and *Patras* (May 27, 1862).

### Gulf of Mexico operations

In 1863 USS *Bienville* was transferred to the Gulf of Mexico, where she continued her blockading work. She supported the capture of the entrances to Mobile Bay, Alabama on August 5, 1864. The USS *Princess Royal* and *Bienville* were stationed off the coast of Texas blockading Galveston. On the night of February 7, 1865, the two gunboats sent a boat party into Galveston Bay, Texas to seize two schooners loaded with cotton. The actual prize sought was the destruction of *Wren*, a ship built by Laird, Son & Co. of Birkenhead (no. 317), along with sister ship (no. 318) the *Lark*, for Fraser, Trenholm and Company. The *Wren* had run aground February 6, 1865, but was freed, narrowly escaping capture, and moored inside Galveston Harbor. The schooners *Pet*, with 256 bales of cotton on board, and *Annie Sophia*, with 220 bales, were anchored near the main channel at Fort Point. Acting Ensign George French was dispatched with twenty seamen and three officers to destroy the *Wren* and capture the schooners. Successful in capturing the schooners, they were not able to get to the *Wren*.

## Decommissioning and civilian career

*Bienville* was decommissioned soon after the end of the Civil War. After about two years in reserve, she was sold in October 1867. She operated under the same name as a commercial steamship until August 15, 1872, when a fire destroyed her at Watling Island, Bahamas. Mexican-born Spanish artist Fortunato Arriola was aboard the ship during the fire, and was lost at sea.

## InfoBox

| *Bienville* in merchant service | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Bienville* |
| Namesake | Jean Baptiste de Bienville |
| Builder | Lawrence & Foulks (Williamsburg, NY |
| Launched | 1860 |
| Acquired | August 14, 1861 |
| Commissioned | October 23, 1861 |
| Decommissioned | Soon after war's end |
| Stricken | 1867 (est.) |
| Fate | Destroyed by fire, Watling Island, Bahamas, 15 August 1872 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Sidewheel steamship |
| Displacement | 1,558 long tons (1,583 t) |
| Length | 253 ft (77 m) |
| Beam | 38 ft (12 m) |
| Draft | 16 ft 2 in (4.93 m) |
| Installed power | Walking beam |
| Propulsion | Sidewheels; auxiliary sails |
| Speed | 15 kn (28 km/h) |
| Complement | 185 |
| Armament | 1 × 30-pounder rifle, 8 × 32-pounder smoothbore guns |


title: USS Cossack (SP-695)

abstract: The second USS Cossack (SP-695) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.

text:
# USS Cossack (SP-695)

The second **USS *Cossack* (SP-695)** was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.

## Construction, acquisition, and commissioning

*Cossack* was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1916 by George Lawley & Son of Neponset, Massachusetts. Upon the entry of the United States into World War I, the U.S. Navy acquired her in April 1917 for war service as a patrol boat. She was commissioned as USS *Cossack* (SP-695) at Boston on 1 May 1917.

## Service history

### World War I

Assigned to the 1st Naval District, *Cossack* conducted patrols in the Boston, Massachusetts, until October 1918.

Due to an urgent need for craft such as *Cossack* at Brest, France, an order dated 14 October 1918 went out from Washington, D.C., to Boston, directing the Commandant of the 1st Naval District to ready six section patrol boats -- USS *Commodore* (SP-1425), *Cossack*, USS *War Bug* (SP-1795), USS *Sea Hawk* (SP-2365), USS *Kangaroo* (SP-1284), and USS *SP-729*—to be shipped to France as deck cargo along with spare parts to keep them operational. However, this proposed movement appears to have been cancelled, probably because of the armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I and eliminated the need for more U.S. Navy patrol craft in Europe.

Instead, *Cossack* was reassigned to the 3rd Naval District in October 1918, probably for patrol service in the New York City area.

## Decommissioning and disposal

*Cossack* was stricken from the Navy List on 27 March 1919. She was turned over to the United States Coast Guard on 22 November 1919.

## United States Coast Guard service

As USCGC *Cossack*, she was stationed at Tampa, Florida. Renamed USCGC *AB-3* in November 1923, she was destroyed by fire on 9 May 1925.

## InfoBox

| USS *Cossack* in 1919 after post-World War I removal of her armament. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Cossack* |
| Namesake | A Cossack, a member of militaristic communities living in Ukraine and southern Russia (previous name retained) |
| Builder | George Lawley & Son, Neponset, Massachusetts |
| Completed | 1916 |
| Acquired | April 1917 |
| Commissioned | 1 May 1917 |
| Stricken | 27 March 1919 |
| Fate | Transferred to U.S. Coast Guard 22 November 1919 |
| Notes |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Patrol vessel |
| Length | 64 ft (20 m) |
| Speed | 23 miles per hour |


title: UNIVAC II

abstract: The UNIVAC II computer was an improvement to the UNIVAC I that the UNIVAC division of Sperry Rand first delivered in 1958. The improvements included the expansion of core memory from 2,000 to 10,000 words; UNISERVO II tape drives, which could use either the old UNIVAC I metal tapes or the new PET tapes; and some transistorized circuits. It was fully compatible with existing UNIVAC I programs for both code and data. It weighed about 16,000 pounds.

text:
# UNIVAC II

The **UNIVAC II** computer was an improvement to the UNIVAC I that the UNIVAC division of Sperry Rand first delivered in 1958. The improvements included the expansion of core memory from 2,000 to 10,000 words; UNISERVO II tape drives, which could use either the old UNIVAC I metal tapes or the new PET tapes; and some transistorized circuits (although it was still overwhelmingly a vacuum tube computer). It was fully compatible with existing UNIVAC I programs for both code and data. It weighed about 16,000 pounds (8.0 short tons; 7.3 t).

## Circuit elements of entire system

| Tubes | 5,200 |
| --- | --- |
| Tube types | 20 |
| Crystal diodes | 18,000 |
| Magnetic cores | 184,000 |
| Transistors | 1,200 |
| Separate cabinets | 4 |

Above figures are approximate and do not include input-output devices.

## Programming and numerical system

| Internal number system | Binary coded decimal |
| --- | --- |
| Decimal digits/word | 12 |
| Decimal digits/instruction | 6 |
| Instructions per word | 2 |
| Instructions decoded | 54 |
| Instructions used | 54 |
| Arithmetic system | Fixed point |
| Instruction type | One address |
| Number range between | -1 and +1 |

Decimal point occurs at the right of the sign digit.

## Arithmetic unit

| Construction | Vacuum tubes |
| --- | --- |
| Arithmetic mode | Serial |
| Timing | Synchronous |
| Operation | Sequential |

|  | Including storage access (microseconds) | Excluding storage access (microseconds) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Addition | 160 | 120 |
| Multiplication | 1,720 | 1,680 |
| Division | 3,030 | 2,990 |

Addition, subtraction, and multiplication times given below include reading and executing the instruction. The time includes formation of the result in the accumulator. All instructions, however are performed at minimum latency rates.

|  | Average operating speeds in microseconds |
| --- | --- |
| Addition or subtraction | 200 (11-digit numbers) |
| Multiplication | 1,900 (11-digit numbers) |
| Division | 3,700 (11-digit numbers) |
| Comparison | 200 (12-digit numbers) |
| Transfer (memory to register or vice versa) | 40/word + 80/instruction |

## Magnetic core

| Capacity | 10,000 words; 120,000 characters |
| --- | --- |
| Memory locations | 0000 - 1999 |
| Access time | Zero (memory references begin during "Time Out") |
| Basic cycle | 20 microseconds |
| Construction | 42 separate magnetic core planes, each one a rectangle 50 cores wide and 80 cores long. |

All users utilize a 2,000-word, 24,000-digit magnetic-core storage unit. Each of the planes is divided into two sections of 50 by 40 cores, making 2,000 cores in each section. Each section contains one core - for one binary position (bit) - of every one of the 2,000 words. The same relative binary position of the other half-word is held in a core in the same physical location in the other section of the plane. Thus each plane contains two binary positions in each of 2,000 words; the first and 43rd, for example, or the 9th and 52nd. Physically the memory is a rectangular prism 7.25×10×12.75 inches (18.4×25.4×32.4 cm).

A memory location thus always implies two cores in all 42 planes. The two cores are determined by the intersection of one column of fifty possible columns with two rows of the 80 possible rows. One row is in each section of the plane. All 42 planes are used twice for each word.

Associated with the memory is a half-word insertion register of 42-bit capacity. Each bit is temporarily stored in a magnetic core of this register during a memory reference. Each of these register cores is associated with one of the 42 memory planes. To write into the memory, the first half of the word is placed in the insertion register and the address selector alerts the appropriate column and the proper row of the top section in each of the 42 planes. At the appropriate instant the information is transferred from each core of the insertion register to the selected core in the corresponding plane of the memory. Forty-two pulse times later, the second half word has been placed in the insertion register and the process is repeated in the lower section of the memory. Read-outs are accomplished in a reverse manner. The speed of the memory has been adjusted to the speed of the arithmetic portion of the Univac which permits the transfer into or out of the memory of 12 characters in 40 microseconds. Word pulses flow from or to the high speed bus and the insertion register via a mechanism which converts from serial to parallel and vice versa, in 42-bit modules.

## Checking features

Whenever feasible, registers and other circuits appear in duplicate. Their contents are continuously compared so that inconsistencies between the data in the identical units give an indication of faulty operation, and stall the computer. At this point, the instruction may be repeated. The pulse code used in the Univac System is so designed that all characters contain an odd number of pulses. At several strategic points within Univac, every character is checked for an odd number of pulses. An indication is given whenever an even number of pulses is detected, and the computer stalls. Other types of checking circuits cause Univac to stall when other types of errors occur.

An error occurs if reference to a non-existent memory address is attempted.

An odd-even error in the transfer rI to rM will result in a transfer stop and the location of the error (rI address) will be indicated. The 720 character count will be displayed on a modulus 100 counter.

### "All ones" checker

In addition to the parity bits check on the high-speed bus, a second checker establishes that the invalid "all ones" character is not inadvertently created by a system fault. Input and output checkers also detect the invalid "all ones" character.

Built-in checking features are contained in the Card-to-Tape Converter, the Tape-to-Card Converter and the High Speed Printer.

### Fusing

Univac is completely fused in order that faults may be isolated. Each bay has its own set of fuses in addition to main fuses on all DC and AC potentials. If a fuse blows, power is shut off and an indicator circuit shows in which bay the blown fuse is located, and a "flag" indicates the specific fuse.

### Voltage monitoring

An automatic voltage-monitoring system continuously monitors all critical DC potentials giving an alarm if any moves outside the prescribed limits.

* Much of the text in this article was extracted directly from Universal Automatic Computer Model II, which is in the public domain as an original work of the United States Federal Government (US Army). It was published as "A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems", Report No. 1115, March 1961, by Martin H. Weik, published by Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Department of the Army Project No. 5803-06-002.


title: Mirtha Rivero

abstract: Mirtha Rivero is a Venezuelan journalist and writer.

text:
# Mirtha Rivero

**Mirtha Rivero** (born 1956) is a Venezuelan journalist and writer.

## Career

Mirtha Rivero started her career in the press in *La Región*, of Los Teques. She was editor, reporter and information chief for the economics section of *El Diario de Caracas*. She served as editor-in-chief of the *Dinero* magazine and later focused to the corporative field. Rivero also wrote urban chronicles for the *Estampas* magazine of *El Universal*, and has written for the magazines *Contrabando*, of Caracas, and *Emeequis*, of Mexico City.

In 2010 she published the book *La rebelión de los náufragos* (The Castaways Rebellion) about the second tenure of Venezuelan President Carlos Andrés Pérez and both the events and processes that led to his destitution.

As of 2014 she collaborated with *Interfolia*, a publication of the Alfonsine Chapel of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, México.

## Works

* *La rebelión de los náufragos* (2010)

## InfoBox

| Mirtha Rivero | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1956 (age 6768)<br>Caracas, Venezuela |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, writer |


title: Mirtha Marrero

abstract: Mirtha Marrero [Fernández] is a Cuban born former pitcher who played from 1948 through 1953 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right handed.

text:
# Mirtha Marrero

**Mirtha Marrero** \[**Fernández**\] is a Cuban born former pitcher who played from 1948 through 1953 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right handed.

## Career

Born in Havana, Mirtha Marrero was one of seven girls born in Cuba to play in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in its twelve years history. Besides her, other *Cubanas* who played in the league were Luisa Gallegos, Migdalia Pérez, Gloria Ruiz and Zonia Vialat. All of them debuted in 1948. The next year, Isora del Castillo and Isabel Alvarez were added.

Nicknamed ״Mita״, Marrero became an instant favorite among her fellow players, who described her as a lively, intense and energetic. She entered the league with the Chicago Colleens, playing for them two years before joining the Kalamazoo Lassies (1950), Fort Wayne Daisies (1951) and Battle Creek Belles (1952). Marrero had a 32–62 career record, even though she collected a solid 3.42 earned run average. She quit baseball when she got married because her husband did not want her playing.

Her most productive season in 1951 with Fort Wayne, when she posted a 17–8 record and a 2.24 ERA in 29 pitching appearances, while ending fourth in the league for the most wins, fifth in innings pitched (213) and seventh in strikeouts (87), tying for fourth in games and eighth in complete games (20).

In 1988, Mirtha and the other Cuban girls were honored during the opening of *Women in Baseball*, a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.

Another tribute to the AAGPBL players came with the 1992 film *A League of Their Own*, featuring Tom Hanks, Geena Davis and Madonna, and directed by filmmaker Penny Marshall.

In 2010, Mirtha gained induction into the Cuban Sports Hall of Fame. The next year, she and her AAGPBL teammates from Cuba were honored by having their names and photos presented at a ceremony in New York City. The event was presented by Leslie Heaphy, history professor at Kent State University of Ohio, during the Cuban Baseball Congress held on August 20 at Fordham University. She currently lives in Miami, Florida.

## Career statistics

**Pitching**

| GP |  |  | W-L% | ERA | IP |  | RA | ER | BB | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 119 | 32 | 62 | .340 | 3.42 | 774 | 693 | 437 | 294 | 396 | 252 |

**Batting**

| GP | AB |  |  | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | BB | SO | BA | OBP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 125 | 267 | 21 | 51 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 33 | 53 | .191 | .280 |

**Fielding**

| GP | PO |  |  | TC | FA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 119 | 40 | 222 | 34 | 296 | .885 |

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Mirtha Marrero | |
| --- | --- |
| All-American Girls Professional Baseball League | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** Havana, Cuba | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Women in Baseball – AAGPBL Permanent Display<br>at Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (1988) * Cuban Sports Hall of Fame (2010) | |


title: Mirtha Michelle

abstract: Mirtha Michelle is a Dominican-born American actress.

text:
# Mirtha Michelle

**Mirtha Michelle** (born January 17, 1984) is a Dominican-born American actress.

## Career

Michelle has appeared in *Señorita Justice*, *This Christmas*, *Fast & Furious* and *Paydirt*. She has also had small parts on *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* and *CSI: Miami*.

When not acting, Michelle often emcees events in Las Vegas and Los Angeles.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Señorita Justice* | Vanessa Ortiz |  |
| 2005 | *Harder They Fall* | Sage Dominguez |  |
| 2007 | *This Christmas* | Bartender |  |
| 2008 | *Jada* | Carina |  |
| 2009 | *Dough Boys* | Selecia |  |
| 2009 | *Fast & Furious* | Cara |  |
| 2015 | *AWOL-72* | Amanda |  |
| 2020 | *Paydirt* | Layla |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *CSI: Miami* | Lucia Mansera | Episode: "Shock" |
| 2007 | *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* | Latina Hooker | Episode: "Ending Happy" |
| 2007 | *American Body Shop* | Maria | Episode: "Stretchy Face" |
| 2012 | *Femme Fatales* | Lauren Coleston | Episode: "Killer Instinct" |

## InfoBox

| Mirtha Michelle | |
| --- | --- |
| Mirtha Michelle at *Femme Fatales* Season 2 Premiere in Hollywood (2012) | |
| Born | (1984-01-17) January 17, 1984<br>Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic |


title: Gilles Clouzeau

abstract: Gilles Clouzeau is a French slalom canoeist who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold and a silver.

text:
# Gilles Clouzeau

**Gilles Clouzeau** is a French slalom canoeist who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (K1 team: 1991) and a silver (K1: 1989).

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1991** | 30 Jun 1991 | Mezzana | 3rd | K1 |

## InfoBox

Gilles Clouzeau
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's canoe slalom | | |
| Representing  France | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1991 Tacen | K1 team |
|  | 1989 Savage River | K1 |


title: Uchiyama Gudō

abstract: Uchiyama Gudō was a Sōtō Zen Buddhist priest and anarcho-socialist activist executed in the High Treason Incident. He was one of few Buddhist leaders who spoke out against the Meiji government in its imperialist projects. Gudō was an outspoken advocate for redistributive land reform, overturning the Meiji emperor system, encouraging conscripts to desert en masse and advancing democratic rights for all. He criticized Zen leaders who claimed that low social position was justified by karma and who sold abbotships to the highest bidder.

text:
# Uchiyama Gudō

**Uchiyama Gudō** (内山 愚童, May 17, 1874 – January 24, 1911) was a Sōtō Zen Buddhist priest and anarcho-socialist activist executed in the High Treason Incident. He was one of few Buddhist leaders who spoke out against the Meiji government in its imperialist projects. Gudō was an outspoken advocate for redistributive land reform, overturning the Meiji emperor system, encouraging conscripts to desert en masse and advancing democratic rights for all. He criticized Zen leaders who claimed that low social position was justified by karma and who sold abbotships to the highest bidder.

## Biography

### Student, village priest and social activist

Uchiyama Gudō learned the trade of carving wooden statues, including Buddhist statues and family altars, from his father. As a student, Uchiyama received a prefectural award for educational excellence and became influenced by Sakura Sōgorō. Uchiyama's father died when he was 16.

Gudō was ordained as a Soto Zen priest in 1897 and became the abbot of Rinsenji temple amid the rural region of the Hakone Mountains in 1904, thus completing his Zen studies. According to town legend, every autumn, he distributed the harvest of the temple's trees to local families, who were generally poor. In the same year that Gudō became abbot of Rinsenji, he reflected on the Chinese sangha of his Buddhist lineage as a model of communal lifestyle without private property. By this time, he had begun to identify as an anarcho-socialist after encountering the ideology in the newspaper Heimin Shimbun. Quoting passages from the Lotus Sutra and the Diamond Sutra in the January 1904 edition of *Heimin Shimbun*, Gudō wrote:

> As a propagator of Buddhism I teach that "all sentient beings have the Buddha nature" and that "within the Dharma there is equality, with neither superior nor inferior". Furthermore, I teach that "all sentient beings are my children". Having taken these golden words as the basis of my faith, I discovered that they are in complete agreement with the principles of socialism. It was thus that I became a believer in socialism.

After government persecution pushed the socialist and anti-war movements in Japan underground, Gudō visited Kōtoku Shūsui in Tokyo in 1908 and purchased equipment which he later used to set up a secret press in his temple. Gudō used the printing equipment to turn out popular socialist tracts and pamphlets and also to publish some of his own work.

One of his most widely read and circulated works was a "scathing denunciation" of the entire government of Japan and its autocratic system: In contrast to the official teachings at the time, he argued that the emperors of the Imperial family were neither divine nor the destined rulers of Japan. Even though their line could be traced back for 2,500 years, their ancestors were not gods but "came forth from a corner of Kyushu, killing and robbing people as they did. They then destroyed their fellow thieves." Furthermore, the emperors had for much of their history "been tormented by foreign opponents and, domestically, treated as puppets by their own vassals." Gudō denounced his country's educated elite, for they were well aware of all this, but preferred to "deceive both others and themselves" by disseminating and teaching the government's official stance of the Imperial family.

### Imprisonment, trial and execution

Resulting from the popularity of Gudō's subversive publications, he was arrested in May 1909 and charged with violating press and publication laws. After searching Rinsenji, police claimed to have encountered materials used to make explosive devices. As a result, Gudō was tied to the High Treason Incident, in which 12 alleged conspirators were convicted and executed for plotting to assassinate the emperor in 1911.

Yoshida Kyūichi records that as Gudō climbed the scaffold stairs, "he gave not the slightest hint of emotional distress. Rather he appeared serene, even cheerful-so much so that the attending prison chaplain bowed as he passed".

### Deprivation and restoration of priesthood

In July 1909, before Gudō's conviction, officials of the Sōtō Zen sect moved to deprive Gudō of his abbotship. After he was convicted, they deprived him of his status as a priest in June 1910. Gudō continued to consider himself a priest until he died.

In 1993, the Sōtō Zen sect restored Gudō's status as a priest citing that "when viewed by today's standards of respect for human rights, Uchiyama Gudō's writings contain elements that should be regarded as farsighted" and that "the sect's actions strongly aligned the sect with an establishment dominated by the emperor system. They were not designed to protect the unique Buddhist character of the sect's priests".

### Works cited

* Bix, Herbert P. (2000). *Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan* (1st ed.). New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-019314-0.
* Victoria, Brian (1998). *Zen at War*. Boulder, Colorado: Weatherhill. ISBN 0-7425-3927-X.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Uchiyama Gudō | |
| --- | --- |
| 内山 愚童 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1874-05-17)May 17, 1874
Ojiya, Niigata, Japan |
| Died | January 24, 1911(1911-01-24) (aged 36)
Ichigaya, Tokyo, Empire of Japan |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Burial place | Rinsenji Temple |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Years active | 1897–1911 |
| Known for | High Treason Incident |
|  | |
| Religion | Sōtō Zen Buddhism |
| Ordained | 1897 |
|  | |


title: Miriam Shomer Zunser

abstract: Miriam Shomer Zunser was an American journalist, playwright and artist. She was a significant promoter of Jewish culture prior to World War II.

text:
# Miriam Shomer Zunser

**Miriam Shomer Zunser** (November 25, 1882 – October 11, 1951) was an American journalist, playwright and artist. She was a significant promoter of Jewish culture prior to World War II.

## Life

Shomer was born Manya Shaikevitsch in Odessa, Russian Empire, to Nokhem Mayer Shaikevitsch, a novelist and playwright, and his wife Dinneh Bercinsky. Her family emigrated in 1889 to New York. She was known by her nickname, Minnie. After graduating high school she worked as a librarian while attending art classes taught by Henry McBride at the Educational Alliance.

In the 1920s, Zunser began writing Yiddish theater, sometimes cowriting with her sister Rose. As Yiddish theater lost popularity in the 1930s, Zunser began writing in English for the Broadway stage.

In 1932 Zunser was a co-founder and initial president of MAILAMM, the America-Palestine Institute of Musical Sciences (known by its Hebrew acronym), a society for the study and promotion of Jewish music in Palestine and the United States. Later, she was treasurer of the Jewish Music Forum.

Having worked with Henrietta Szold, she was the founder of the Brooklyn chapter of Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America. She also was a delegate to the American Jewish Congress in 1917.

Zunser died in New York City.

## Personal

In 1905 she married Charles Zunser, son of the poet Eliakum Zunser. They had three children. Her sister was the Yiddish folksinger Anna Shomer Rothenberg.

## Publications

* *The master of Thronfield; a play in 4 acts, built on the story of Jane Eyre.* 192?. With Rose Shomer.
* *Fortune's fool; a musical comedy in two acts and four scenes*. New York: 192?
* *A child's kingdom*. New York: 192?
* *Goldenlocks and the bears*. New York: 192?
* *Yesterday : a memoir of a Russian Jewish family*. Published in 1939 by Stackpole Sons. Republished in 1978 by Harper & Row.
* *Avinu Shomer (אבינו שמ״ר).* Yerushalayim: Aḥiʼasaf, 1953.

## InfoBox

| Miriam Shomer Zunser | |
| --- | --- |
| Miriam Zunzer | |
| Born | Manya Shaikevitsch
(1882-11-25)November 25, 1882
Odessa, Ukraine |
| Died | October 11, 1951(1951-10-11) (aged 68)
New York City |
| Nationality | American |
| Spouse | Charles Zunser |
| Parent | Nokhem Mayer Shaikevitsch (father) |
| Relatives | Anna Shomer Rothenberg (sister)
Rose Shomer Bachelis (sister)
Abraham Shomer (brother) |


title: Miriam Shearing

abstract: Miriam Mattinen Shearing is an American lawyer and retired judge in Nevada. Shearing was the first woman to serve as a Nevada district judge and as justice and chief justice on the Supreme Court of Nevada (1993–2005).

text:
# Miriam Shearing

**Miriam Mattinen Shearing** (born **Ellen Miriam Mattinen**; February 24, 1935) is an American lawyer and retired judge in Nevada. Shearing was the first woman to serve as a Nevada district judge and as justice and chief justice on the Supreme Court of Nevada (1993–2005).

## Early life and education

She was born on February 24, 1935, in Waverly, New York. Shearing grew up on a farm near Spencer, New York, the oldest of three children. She was the daughter of Eino Olavi and Lillian Sophia (Petaja) Mattinen.

Her parents were Finnish American, and she spoke Finnish in the home. Shearing graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy; at Cornell, she met her husband, Steven Shearing. She then graduated from Boston College Law School, where she took night classes while her husband attended medical school.

## Career

After graduation, the Shearings moved to California, where Steven Shearing completed his medical internship and residency, and then lived in Pakistan, where Steven Shearing worked for CARE. The Shearings moved to Nevada in 1969, and Shearing was admitted to the bar in Nevada that year, becoming the fiftieth woman admitted to practice in the state. Shearing practiced for several years in Las Vegas, and became a juvenile court referee in 1975. Shearing successfully ran for a seat on the justice court, after the Clark County Commission (which was opposed to a woman serving on the court) refused to appoint her to an open seat.

In 1977, Shearing became a justice of the peace in Clark County. In 1983, Shearing became a Nevada District Court judge, the first woman to do so In 1986, Shearing became chief judge on the court and served as president of the Nevada District Judges Association.

In 1992, Shearing won an election to the Nevada Supreme Court, defeating District Judge J. Charles Thompson, the one-time favorite, 43 percent to 29 percent. Shearing was an advocate of abortion rights who during the election campaign urged "a female voice" on the court. The election was deeply bitter in tone, which the Nevada Commission on Judicial Discipline criticized, prompting Shearing and Thompson to apologize and agree "to refrain from negative campaigning in the future." Shearing became the first woman on the Nevada Supreme Court, and the 40th serving female state supreme court justice.

Shearing served on the court for twelve years, and was named chief justice in 1997. She ran unopposed for reelection in 1998. Shearing announced in April 2003 that she would not seek a third term, and retired on January 4, 2005, at the conclusion of her second term in office.

Shearing said that upon retirement she would divide her time between Las Vegas and Incline Village.

## Personal life

Shearing was married to husband Dr. Steven Shearing (d. 2011), an ophthalmologist and pioneer in cataract surgery. They had three children.

In February 1984, the Shearings were part of a group of landowners who donated 1,470 acres of land near Pioche, Nevada, to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Valued at $882,000, the donation was at that time one of the largest gifts in UNLV history.

## InfoBox

| Miriam Shearing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada | |
| **In office**
1997 | |
| Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada (Seat A) | |
| **In office**
January 1993  January 2005 | |
| Preceded by | John C. Mowbray |
| Succeeded by | James Hardesty |
| Chief Judge of the Eighth Judicial District Court of Nevada | |
| **In office**
1986 | |
| Judge of the Eighth Judicial District Court of Nevada | |
| **In office**
January 1983  January 1993 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ellen Miriam Mattinen
(1935-02-24) February 24, 1935
Waverly, New York, U.S. |
| Spouse | Steven P. Shearing (m. 1954–d. 2011) |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | Cornell University (BA)
Boston College (JD) |
|  | |


title: Gimpel Fils

abstract: Gimpel Fils is a London art gallery previously located at 30 Davies Street in Westminster just off Grosvenor Square and has since moved. The gallery was founded by Charles and Peter Gimpel, sons of the celebrated Parisian art dealer, René Gimpel, author of the Diary of an Art Dealer. Throughout its history it has maintained a commitment to contemporary British and International art.

text:
# Gimpel Fils

**Gimpel Fils** is a London art gallery previously located at 30 Davies Street in Westminster just off Grosvenor Square and has since moved. The gallery was founded by Charles and Peter Gimpel, sons of the celebrated Parisian art dealer, René Gimpel, author of the *Diary of an Art Dealer*. Throughout its history it has maintained a commitment to contemporary British and International art.

## History

Gimpel Fils was founded in November 1946. The first exhibition, *Five Centuries of French Painting*, was based on the small part of René Gimpel's collection that had been sent to London before the Second World War. The bulk of his stock was lost in Paris.

During the 1950s and 60s Gimpel Fils was highly influential in its association with the avant-garde. It supported modern British artists, including those of the St Ives School, as well as rising American artists and French abstract painters of the School of Paris. Gimpel Fils represented many of the major artists of the time, including Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson. Nicholson moved to Gimpel Fils from the Lefevre Gallery and stayed until the early 1960s. In supporting the next generation of artists emerging in this period it gave first exhibitions to Lynn Chadwick, Anthony Caro, Hubert Dalwood, Peter Lanyon and Alan Davie, while also being associated with a number of other British artists, including Louis le Brocquy, Ivon Hitchens, Gillian Ayres, Bernard Meadows, Kenneth Armitage and Robert Adams. From France Gimpel Fils represented the likes of Marie Laurencin, Pierre Soulages, Nicolas de Staël, Serge Poliakoff, Fahrelnissa Zeid, and Yves Klein, as well as working with American artists such as Marcel Duchamp, Alexander Calder, Willem de Kooning, Sam Francis and Larry Rivers, who had his first London exhibition at the gallery in 1962. An obituary of Peter Gimpel in The Independent newspaper suggested that: "Despite the rise of Marlborough Fine Art and stiff competition from the likes of the Redfern, Waddington and Hanover galleries, Gimpel Fils was for a time unrivaled in the range and quality of its artists."

The gallery continues to promote the work of that generation of artists, supporting the work of senior British painters such as Alan Davie and Albert Irvin, while also presenting retrospectives of 20th-century modern art. The contemporary programme has widened the range of work shown by the gallery and has developed to include artists such as Corinne Day, Andres Serrano, Callum Morton and Hannah Maybank.

Gimpel Fils was initially based, briefly, at 86 Duke Street, London, before moving to 50 South Molton Street, where the artist Louis Le Brocquy laid a mosaic in the entrance. It relocated to its present premises at 30 Davies Street in 1972. The gallery was refurbished in 2000. The refurbishment was inaugurated with an installation by Richard Wilson.

The Gimpel family retained a strong interest in the running of the gallery. The current co-director is René Gimpel, son of Charles and a fourth generation of the Gimpel family to become an art dealer.

51°30′42″N 0°08′52″W / 51.5117°N 0.1477°W / 51.5117; -0.1477