title: Here This Christmas

abstract: "Here This Christmas" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from the 2020 reissued edition of her fourth studio album, You Make It Feel Like Christmas (2017). The song was written and produced by Brent Kutzle, with Ryan Tedder and Josh Varnadore also serving as co-writers. Prior to its release, rumors of new music from Stefani circulated throughout 2020 after releasing "Nobody but You" and "Happy Anywhere", with fiancé Blake Shelton, as singles that year. The former of the three remained a secret until it was released as a single for digital download and streaming on October 23, 2020 by Interscope Records, the same day the rest of the reissued album was distributed. The Hallmark Channel announced that the song would be used in advertisements and played on their Sirius XM radio channel in order to promote their seasonal block of programming called Countdown to Christmas. "Here This Christmas" is a festive and upbeat Christmas song joined by the sounds of bells, strings, and horns. Additional instrumentation is provided by bass, cello, and electric guitar. The recording process was difficult for Stefani, who felt it was demanding on her vocals. The song's lyrics find her requesting true love for Christmas, as opposed to materialistic items. Music critics deemed the song catchy and it was ultimately included on several lists ranking the best new holiday songs of 2020. However, the song's October release date was criticized. In the United States, the song charted at number five on Billboard's Holiday Digital Song Sales chart. It also entered Radiosoittolista's Finnish Airplay chart at number 33. An accompanying music video was released to Stefani's YouTube channel on November 17, 2020. The clip features Stefani and Tedder working on the song together in a recording studio.

text:
# Here This Christmas

"**Here This Christmas**" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from the 2020 reissued edition of her fourth studio album, *You Make It Feel Like Christmas* (2017). The song was written and produced by Brent Kutzle, with Ryan Tedder and Josh Varnadore also serving as co-writers. Prior to its release, rumors of new music from Stefani circulated throughout 2020 after releasing "Nobody but You" and "Happy Anywhere", with fiancé Blake Shelton, as singles that year. The former of the three remained a secret until it was released as a single for digital download and streaming on October 23, 2020 by Interscope Records, the same day the rest of the reissued album was distributed. The Hallmark Channel announced that the song would be used in advertisements and played on their Sirius XM radio channel in order to promote their seasonal block of programming called *Countdown to Christmas*.

"Here This Christmas" is a festive and upbeat Christmas song joined by the sounds of bells, strings, and horns. Additional instrumentation is provided by bass, cello, and electric guitar. The recording process was difficult for Stefani, who felt it was demanding on her vocals. The song's lyrics find her requesting true love for Christmas, as opposed to materialistic items. Music critics deemed the song catchy and it was ultimately included on several lists ranking the best new holiday songs of 2020. However, the song's October release date was criticized. In the United States, the song charted at number five on *Billboard*'s Holiday Digital Song Sales chart. It also entered Radiosoittolista's Finnish Airplay chart at number 33. An accompanying music video was released to Stefani's YouTube channel on November 17, 2020. The clip features Stefani and Tedder working on the song together in a recording studio.

## Background and release

Stefani released her fourth studio album *You Make It Feel Like Christmas*, a collection of six original songs and six covers versions of Christmas standards, in October 2017, through Interscope Records. For the album, she was inspired by her favorite holiday albums from her childhood, such as Vince Guaraldi's *A Charlie Brown Christmas* (1965) and Emmylou Harris's *Light of the Stable* (1979). She also worked with American songwriter Justin Tranter and American musician busbee, with the latter of the two also serving as executive producer. *You Make It Feel Like Christmas* was preceded by the release of lead single "You Make It Feel Like Christmas", a duet with Stefani's then-boyfriend, American singer Blake Shelton. The album was reissued in 2018 with five new bonus tracks, a music video for her cover of "Feliz Navidad" with Chilean singer Mon Laferte, and a new single, "Secret Santa". According to Stefani, the initial 2017 release was successful enough to warrant the new version in 2018.

> Having this opportunity to harness the incredible talents of Gwen Stefani and Ryan Tedder in the creation and recording of 'Here This Christmas' is a dream come true and I am confident this single will add a whole new dimension to our seasonal programming event and become an instant holiday hit.

Michelle Vicary, the executive vice president of programming and network publicity for the Hallmark Channel, commenting on "Here This Christmas".

In 2020, Stefani released two singles with Shelton, "Happy Anywhere" and "Nobody but You". The latter song became Stefani's highest-charting release on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 since "The Sweet Escape" in 2007. Speculation from music critics of new Stefani material occurred in September 2020, when she began promoting her role as a musical coach on the nineteenth season of the American reality television series *The Voice*. She teased on October 20, 2020 that new music would be released "really soon". Without prior announcement, a cover of "Sleigh Ride" was released to digital retailers on October 13, 2020. The rest of the album dropped on October 23, with the album's final original song revealed to be "Here This Christmas".

"Here This Christmas" was co-written by Josh Varnadore and OneRepublic bandmates Brent Kutzle and Ryan Tedder. It was also produced by Kutzle. Stefani had previously collaborated with Tedder on her comeback single, "Baby Don't Lie", in 2014. Of the nineteen tracks on the reissue of *You Make It Feel Like Christmas*, "Here This Christmas" and "Sleigh Ride" are the only two not produced by busbee or Eric Valentine; busbee, who co-wrote eight original songs with Stefani and produced all of the album, passed away in 2019 after battling glioblastoma. "Here This Christmas" was released for digital download and streaming in the United States as a single on October 23, 2020, through Interscope Records. In its official announcement, Stefani posted to her Instagram account: "Grateful to have worked w  \[*sic*\] Ryan Tedder on this one". Following the song's release, Kelli Skye Fadroski from the *Orange County Register* noted how Stefani's career has headed into a "holly jolly direction" over the course of the last several years. A promotional audio video for "Here This Christmas" was uploaded to Stefani's YouTube channel the same day as its digital release. "Here This Christmas" serves as the official theme for the Hallmark Channel's annual seasonal programming block *Countdown to Christmas*, which broadcasts holiday-themed films and television series leading up to Christmas day. The song and "Sleigh Ride" were featured prominently in advertisements for the block and were released for airplay rotation on the Hallmark Channel Sirius XM radio channel. Philiana Ng from *Entertainment Tonight* pointed out that Stefani joins Shelton, who had already established a business relationship with Hallmark earlier in 2018.

## Composition and lyrics

Musically, "Here This Christmas" is an upbeat and "cheery" Christmas song. It utilizes a "skipping drum groove" and features sounds created by various strings, horns, and bells. According to Cathy Padilla from *Community Magazine*, the song is an "upbeat tune with a toe-tapping beat of sleigh bells" and she attributed this to the song's creative team, which she called impressive. A contributor to *Billboard* called the song sunny. Despite it taking just one day, the recording process of "Here This Christmas" was "difficult" for Stefani, who commented that Tedder's work on the song required her to sing with a strong vocal range. Because she considered it demanding, she joked that the song would be better suited for *The Voice* contestants.

"Here This Christmas" is set in the time signature of common time, and has an average tempo of 120 beats per minute. The key of the song is in A-sharp major and it follows the typical setup of verse-chorus-verse-chorus. Stefani's vocal range advances in the chord progressions of A#–Dm–D# in the verses and A#–Dm–Gm–D# in the chorus. Alongside her vocals, Stefani is joined by Varnadore and Laura Cooksey, who contribute as background vocalists. For instruments, the song features Matt Melton on bass, Paul Nelson on cello, Loren Ferard on electric guitar, and Brandon Collins as a strings contractor. Violinists David Angell, David Davidson, and Elizabeth Lamb also perform, and Lamb additionally contributes to the track on viola.

Lyrically, "Here This Christmas" finds Stefani admitting that she prefers love over receiving materialistic gifts on Christmas Day. She reveals the only thing that she wants is to have her significant other "here this Christmas" with her. She also mentions various seasonally appropriate phrases, such as "snow falling, lights, mistletoe, and more". Stefani opens the song by cooing: "Darling, when it's cold outside and I can see the snowflakes falling / I'm staring at the Christmas lights and counting down to when you're calling." In the chorus, Stefani grows sentimental as she admits her desires. During the refrain, she sings: "Don't need presents under the tree / Don't need snow and caroling / I don't need a lot of wishes / I just need you here this Christmas."

## Reception

Aynslee Darmon from *Entertainment Tonight Canada* and *USA Today*'s Gary Dinges both called the song catchy, while Marty Rosenbaum from Radio.com declared that it was a perfect "new theme song" for the holidays. *Idolator*'s Mike Wass wrote: "Of the huge outpouring of seasonal offerings to arrive in the last few years, \[*You Make It Feel Like Christmas*\] is one of my favorites. She now adds another layer to that opus" with the song. He called the song a "festive bop" and "as charming a toe-tapper as you're ever likely to find"; he also predicted that it would be heard frequently throughout the 2020 holiday season. Andrea Dresdale from *Good Morning America* also enjoyed the new single, suggesting that the Hallmark Channel's programming block will become more festive with "Here This Christmas". Stephanie Dube Dwilson, a writer for Heavy, called the song catchy and noted that Stefani's fans seemed pleased by the track. Referring to both the song and the accompanying video, Fadroski called them yet another "winter surprise" from Stefani. Charu Sinha from *Vulture* disapproved of the song's early release date, joking that Stefani "apparently had no qualms violating the cardinal rule of no-Christmas-music-before-Thanksgiving". Craig Jenkins, from the same publication, also spoke of the song, favorably comparing its sound to Stefani's 2006 single "The Sweet Escape". However, he disliked the inclusion of "Here This Christmas" on the 2020 edition of the parent album, calling it a "cold cash-in".

KSAT's Cody King ranked "Here This Christmas" as the sixth best new Christmas song of 2020 and *Billboard* contributors featured it within their list of holiday music "you need to know about this season". Tomás Pier from *People* included the single on his list of 2020 Christmas Songs to "Get Into the Holiday Spirit". Sara Kitnick, a contributor to SheKnows, listed the song in her article titled "You Should Add These 15 New Albums to Your Holiday Playlist Now". *Parade*'s K.L. Connie Wang listed it among the 35 best original Christmas songs within recent years.

### Commercial performance

The same week that *You Make It Feel Like Christmas* was reissued, "Here This Christmas" appeared on *Billboard*'s Holiday Digital Song Sales component chart in the United States. On the issue dated November 7, 2020, it entered at number five, becoming the third highest new entry after 2020 singles "Under the Mistletoe" by Kelly Clarkson and Brett Eldredge, and "The Thanksgiving Song" by Ben Rector. "Here This Christmas" became Stefani's second-highest entry on the chart – after the album's title track reached number 3 in 2017 – and became the 19th consecutive song from the album to appear on the Holiday Digital Song Sales chart. The song fell off of the chart the following week but re-entered during the week of November 28, 2020 at number 49. It spent a total of two weeks on the Holiday Digital Song Sales chart. Elsewhere, the song reached the Finnish Airplay chart, tracked by Radiosoittolista, where it entered at number 98 during the 2020 holiday season, and reached a peak of number 33 the following year.

## Music video

The accompanying music video was released on November 17, 2020, when it was uploaded to Stefani's YouTube Vevo account. The same day, the video was sent a paid download available for purchase via Apple Music. The clip features behind-the-scenes footage of Stefani working on the song with Tedder in a recording studio. To make it appear more festive, "some digital snow is superimposed over footage of Stefani belting the song in the booth". In addition to her typical gold necklace chain reading "Stefani", Stefani wears an additional necklace that displays "Shelton". Randee Dawn from *Today* provided a positive review of the video, writing: "Gwen is getting us into the holiday spirit!". She pointed out Stefani's "Shelton" necklace and commented: "And in a way, Stefani has worked Shelton directly into the music video, though you never see his face."

## Track listing

**Digital download/streaming**
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Here This Christmas" | 2:58 |

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.

* Gwen Stefani  vocalist
* Brent Kutzle  producer, composer, lyricist
* Ryan Tedder  composer, lyricist
* Josh Varnadore  composer, lyricist, background vocalist
* John Nathaniel  mixer, studio personnel
* Laura Cooksey  background vocalist
* Matt Melton  bass
* Paul Nelson  cello
* Loren Ferard  electric guitar
* Brandon Collins  strings contractor
* Elizabeth Lamb  viola, violin
* David Angell  violin
* David Davidson  violin

## Charts

Chart performance for "Here This Christmas"
| Chart (2020–2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Finland Airplay (Radiosoittolista) | 33 |
| US Holiday Digital Song Sales (*Billboard*) | 5 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Here This Christmas"
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | October 23, 2020 |  | Interscope |  |

## InfoBox

| "Here This Christmas" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Gwen Stefani | |
| from the album  *You Make It Feel Like Christmas* | |
| Released | October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23) |
| Genre | Christmas |
| Length | 2:58 |
| Label | Interscope |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Brent Kutzle |
| Gwen Stefani singles chronology | |
| "Happy Anywhere"
(2020) "**Here This Christmas**"
(2020) "Let Me Reintroduce Myself"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Here This Christmas" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Network of Cancer Genes

abstract: The Network of Cancer Genes (NCG) is a freely accessible web resource of genes that, when altered in their sequence, drive clonal expansion of normal tissues or cancer. The project was launched in 2010 and has reached its 7th release in 2022. In 2023 the additional annotation of cancer drivers that interact with the tumour immune microenvironment was added. NCG7.1 reports information on 3,347 cancer drivers and 95 healthy drivers. Of these, 596 are also TIME drivers. NCG7.1 also reports the system-level properties and the associated publications of each driver, as well as a list possible false positives. NCG7.1 enables advanced searches on the primary anatomical site, cancer type, type of sequencing screens and literature supports.

text:
# Network of Cancer Genes

The **Network of Cancer Genes** (NCG) is a freely accessible web resource of genes that, when altered in their sequence, drive clonal expansion of normal tissues (healthy drivers) or cancer (cancer drivers). The project was launched in 2010 and has reached its 7th release in 2022. In 2023 the additional annotation of cancer drivers that interact with the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME drivers) was added. NCG7.1 reports information on 3,347 cancer drivers and 95 healthy drivers. Of these, 596 are also TIME drivers. NCG7.1 also reports the system-level properties and the associated publications of each driver, as well as a list possible false positives. NCG7.1 enables advanced searches on the primary anatomical site, cancer type, type of sequencing screens and literature supports.

## Cancer drivers

A main feature of cancer cells is to acquire an unstable genome leading to genetic alterations that are major drivers of cancer evolution. NCG7.1 collects 591 well-known (canonical) and 2,756 candidate cancer drivers. These lists derive from the manual curation of 313 original publications, including 3 sources of canonical drivers and 310 cancer sequencing screens. The latter describe whole genome or whole exome sequencing of cancer samples from a total of 41,780 patients from 122 different cancer types.

## Healthy drivers

Recent technological advances have enabled detection of genomic instability also in healthy (non cancer) cells driving in situ formation of phenotypically normal clones. NCG7.1 collects 95 healthy drivers from 18 sequencing screens of healthy or diseased (non-cancer) tissues from 32,895 donors. Only 8 of these genes are not cancer drivers, suggesting a high overlap between genetic drivers of cancer and non-cancer evolution.

## TIME drivers

Cancer evolution occurs in a complex ecosystem formed of cancer and non-cancer cells that compose the tumour microenvironment (TME). An important component of the TME are immune cells, which may hamper or help tumour growth. Cancer cells engage in a dynamic crosstalk with the TIME that often involves cancer drivers. NCG7.1 annotates 596 that may impact on and be impacted by the TIME. Of these, 205 derive from the manual curation of the literature and 391 are instead computationally predicted.

## Systems level properties

Systems-level properties are properties of genes independent on an individual's gene function Some of these properties can be used to distinguish cancer and healthy drivers from the rest of human genes. The systems-level properties reported in NCG are:

## Previous versions

## InfoBox

Network of Cancer Genes
| Content | |
| --- | --- |
| Description | A web resource on systems-level properties of cancer genes |
| Organisms | *Homo sapiens* |
| Contact | |
| Research center | Francis Crick Institute |
| Laboratory | Cancer Systems Biology Lab - Ciccarelli Lab |
| Release date | May 2023 |
| Access | |
| Website | http://www.network-cancer-genes.org/ |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Version | 7.1 |


title: Mulberry Island Plantation

abstract: Mulberry Island, also known as the Penn Farm, is a historic plantation house in Stoneville, North Carolina near the Dan River. The home was once the seat of the Scales family and the Settle family, two prominent North Carolinian political dynasties. The house was part of a 1,298 acre plantation.

text:
# Mulberry Island Plantation

**Mulberry Island**, also known as the **Penn Farm**, is a historic plantation house in Stoneville, North Carolina near the Dan River. The home was once the seat of the Scales family and the Settle family, two prominent North Carolinian political dynasties. The house was part of a 1,298 acre plantation.

## History

Mulberry Island was a large plantation located along the Dan River in Rockingham County, near Stoneville and Leaksville. The house was built by Nathaniel Scales (1756–1824) and his wife, who was a niece of Colonial Governor Josiah Martin. It faces south, looking down on the river valley. The plantation sat on 1,298 acres. Scales left Mulberry Island to his son, Alfred Moore Scales, upon his death. It adjoined Deep Springs Plantation on the Dan River, which was home to another one of Nathaniel Scales' sons, James Madison Scales. Nathaniel Scales' daughter inherited another nearby farm, High Rock Farm. In the 1850s the plantation came into the Settle family. It was the home of North Carolina Supreme Court Associate Justice and United States Minister to Peru, Thomas B. Settle II. After the Settles, the plantation was owned by the Trogden family and then by John Moore. In 1930 the farm was purchased by Charlie Penn of Reidsville, North Carolina who remodeled the house, adding a large porch and other additions. Edrington Penn sold the home to Horner Grogan, who leased it to his son Wendell Grogan. The Grogan family sold the plantation to Charles Stone of Kinston for $130,000.

## InfoBox

| Mulberry Island Plantation | |
| --- | --- |
| side view of the house | |
| Alternative names | Penn Farm |
| General information | |
| Type | residence |
| Town or city | Stoneville, North Carolina |
| Country | US |


title: Melissa Rooker

abstract: Melissa Rooker is a Republican and former member of the Kansas House of Representatives and formerly the director of development of Malpaso Productions.

text:
# Melissa Rooker

**Melissa Rooker** (June 29, 1964) is a Republican and former member of the Kansas House of Representatives and formerly the director of development of Malpaso Productions.

## Biography

Rooker was raised in Fairway, Kansas. She graduated from Shawnee Mission East High School in Prairie Village, Kansas, and the University of Kansas, and is married with two children.

## Film career

Rooker became director of development of Malpaso Productions in 1995. Previously, she had been an assistant to the company's founder, Clint Eastwood.

## Political career

Rooker was a member of the Kansas House of Representatives until 2019. She is a Republican.

## InfoBox

| Melissa Rooker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Kansas House of Representatives
from the 25th district | |
| **In office**
January 14, 2013  January 14, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Barbara Bollier |
| Succeeded by | Rui Xu |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-06-29) June 29, 1964
Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Tom Rooker |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | University of Kansas |
|  | |


title: Palm Springs Mall

abstract: Palm Springs Mall, formerly known as Palm Springs Shopping Center and Palm Springs Shopping Center Mall, was an enclosed shopping mall in Palm Springs, California. Originally constructed as an open air shopping center, the center would expand and be fully enclosed in 1965, which included the addition of a J.C. Penney. In 1970, Walker Scott would open up their own location at the mall, serving as its second anchor. In 1986, the mall went through a major renovation that added a food court, retail space, and a new exterior and interior design. By the 2000s, the mall saw a decrease in foot traffic, which caused tenants to move out of the mall. In 2014, College of the Desert offered the property owner to purchase the mall in order to turn it into a satellite campus. The owner refused to sell the property to the college, which resulted in both parties going to court. Subsequently, College of the Desert acquired the mall for $22 million. Demolition of the mall commenced in May 2019.

text:
# Palm Springs Mall

**Palm Springs Mall**, formerly known as **Palm Springs Shopping Center** and **Palm Springs Shopping Center Mall**, was an enclosed shopping mall in Palm Springs, California. Originally constructed as an open air shopping center, the center would expand and be fully enclosed in 1965, which included the addition of a J.C. Penney. In 1970, Walker Scott would open up their own location at the mall, serving as its second anchor. In 1986, the mall went through a major renovation that added a food court, retail space, and a new exterior and interior design. By the 2000s, the mall saw a decrease in foot traffic, which caused tenants to move out of the mall. In 2014, College of the Desert offered the property owner to purchase the mall in order to turn it into a satellite campus. The owner refused to sell the property to the college, which resulted in both parties going to court. Subsequently, College of the Desert acquired the mall for $22 million. Demolition of the mall commenced in May 2019.

## History

In early 1959, oilman-turned-land developer Ray Ryan, along with the president of Seeterrra, Inc., A.R. Simon, collaborated on the concept of building a shopping center in Palm Springs, California. Two Los Angeles–based architectural firm, Meyer and Kanner and Leitch and Cleveland, were commissioned to design and plan out the buildings, while Ernest W. Hahn and Leonard Wolf were co-contracted for the construction of the project. In July, Ryan and Simon announced that the vice president of Market Basket, Duncan Shaw, had signed a lease to open the supermarket at the Palm Springs Shopping Center. A month later, a leasing agreement was arranged between Sid Rice of Los Angeles’ Phillips Lyon Company (the exclusive agent for the center), and a Southern California bowling operator. Some of the nation’s professional bowlers would gather in late October at the newly built 24-lane bowling with ceremonial dedication. Construction of the bowling center cost $1 million ($8 million in 2019), with a floor space of 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) and a proposed expansion of 32 lanes.

### Second phase (1965)

In 1965, construction on the second phase of the project began on the center. Construction commenced on a 289,000 square feet (26,800 m2) enclosed, air conditioned addition to the existing shopping center. The center would also be renamed to Palm Springs Shopping Center Mall. In addition, the new center would include a J.C. Penney department store in one of the retail space. Robert C. Moore, divisional and merchandising manager of fashion designs for J.C. Penney, left Tucson to become sales and merchandising manager at the Palm Springs location. Other tenants and activities include a Bank of America, Thrifty Drugstore, Winchell’s Donut House, a restaurant and coffee shop, cocktail lounge, an ice skating rink, and an indoor-outdoor children’s play area.

In April 1969, Palm Springs Shopping Center Mall was renamed simply to Palm Springs Mall. At the same time, the September 1969 issue of Palm Springs Life widely proclaimed the Palm Springs Mall as “the retail hub of the Coachella Valley”, largely due to the fact that shoppers came from low and high desert communities to shop at the mall.

### Walker Scott

In 1970, San Diego–based Walker Scott opened up their location at the mall.

### 1980s

In 1983, J.C. Penney left in favor of the newly constructed Palm Desert Town Center in Palm Desert.

#### 1986 Renovation

By 1986, the mall underwent a multi-million dollar renovation, which included the addition of a food court, multiple retail space, a Kmart, and local retailer The Alley. Kmart officials signed a lease with property owners Benequity Properties of Los Angeles, which would occupy the former J.C. Penney space. Furthermore, the mall also included a new facade, a revamped parking lot, and new landscaping and lighting fixtures. The renovation was designed by architectural firm David L. Christian Associates of Palm Springs. Walker Scott closed shortly after the renovation.

#### Buffums and Harris-Gottschalks

On October 18, 1989, Long Beach–based department store Buffums opened its doors in the former Walker Scott space. The grand opening of the new store was met with a ribbon-cutting ceremony by Sonny Bono, then-mayor of Palm Springs. The store was short-lived and was eventually replaced by a Harris-Gottschalks.

## Decline and redevelopment

By the 2000s, the mall saw a decrease in foot traffic that resulted in shuttered retail space. Gottschalks, the only anchor in the mall, closed its doors in 2009 after the company filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Other major tenants such as Vons, True Value, Ross Dress for Less, and OfficeMax closed and had relocated to other sites. In 2012, Chinese businessman, Haiming Tan, purchased the property for $9.2 million.

In 2014, College of the Desert considered redeveloping the property and proposed the location be turned into a satellite campus. College of the Desert officials made an offer to the owner in hopes of negotiating a purchase; however, the owner refused to sell the property to the college. This prompted the community college to take the owner to court, invoking eminent domain, and exercising their right to acquire the property. Attorneys for the owner claimed in court papers that the college did not notify Tan or his company, YTC Investments, and expressed concerns over the city’s involvement in the property. In 2017, Michael Leife, a representative speaking on behalf of the mall owner, stated the owner did not want to sell the mall and had plans to develop the property for both residential and commercial use.

After a four-year battle between the two parties, College of the Desert finally acquired the former Palm Springs Mall for $22 million. Demolition of the mall began in May 2019 with construction to begin in 2023 for the first phase of the new campus.

## InfoBox

Palm Springs Mall
| Location | Palm Springs, California |
| --- | --- |
| Address | 2365 E Tahquitz Canyon Way, Palm Springs, CA 92262 |
| Opening date | 1959 |
| Closing date | 2005 |
| Developer | Ray Ryan
Ernest W. Hahn
Leonard Wolf
Seeterra, Inc. |
| Owner | College of the Desert |
| Architect | Mayer and Kanner
Leitch and Cleveland |
| No. of stores and services | 0 (space for 31) |
| No. of anchor tenants | 0 (space for 1) |
| Total retail floor area | 315,119 square feet
(29275.51m²) |
| No. of floors | 1 (2 in former Gottschalks) |
| Parking | 1,200 |


title: Molstad Village

abstract: Molstad Village, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 39DW234, is an archaeological site in Dewey County, South Dakota, United States, near the city of Mobridge. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The site contains the remains of a small fortified Native America village, consisting of earth lodges surrounded by a bastioned palisade, with further lodges scattered in the area outside the fortification. Evidence gathered at the site indicates it was occupied for a relatively brief period in the mid-1500s CE, and was assigned to the Chouteau aspect of Middle Missouri taxonomy, later known as the Extended Coalescent phase. Four lodge sites were excavated in the early 1960s, uncovering post holes and cache pits, one of which contained skull-less human remains. Finds at the site included pottery fragments and stone tools. Bone tools were also found, including plows made from bison shoulder blades. Molstad Village was named after Irene and Oscar Molstad, on whose ranch the village was found. The land belonged to Irene Molstad, a member of the federally recognized Cheyenne River Sioux Nation. She and her husband Oscar operated a cattle ranch, and allowed Smithsonian Institution researches to camp on their land while investing archaeological sites in the area in advance of the creation of Lake Oahe. The Molstad village site was excavated by this team in 1962 under the direction of J. Jake Hoffman. Finds at the site were important in enabling Hoffman to use pottery styles to establish a chronology of regional sites.

text:
# Molstad Village

**Molstad Village**, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial **39DW234**, is an archaeological site in Dewey County, South Dakota, United States, near the city of Mobridge. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The site contains the remains of a small fortified Native America village, consisting of earth lodges surrounded by a bastioned palisade, with further lodges scattered in the area outside the fortification. Evidence gathered at the site indicates it was occupied for a relatively brief period in the mid-1500s CE, and was assigned to the Chouteau aspect of Middle Missouri taxonomy, later known as the Extended Coalescent phase. Four lodge sites were excavated in the early 1960s, uncovering post holes and cache pits, one of which contained skull-less human remains. Finds at the site included pottery fragments and stone tools. Bone tools were also found, including plows made from bison shoulder blades.

Molstad Village was named after Irene and Oscar Molstad, on whose ranch the village was found. The land belonged to Irene Molstad, a member of the federally recognized Cheyenne River Sioux Nation. She and her husband Oscar operated a cattle ranch, and allowed Smithsonian Institution researches to camp on their land while investing archaeological sites in the area in advance of the creation of Lake Oahe. The Molstad village site was excavated by this team in 1962 under the direction of J. Jake Hoffman. Finds at the site were important in enabling Hoffman to use pottery styles to establish a chronology of regional sites.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Molstad Village | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Aerial view of the site | |
|  | |
| Location | Western side of the Missouri River, 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Mobridge, South Dakota |
| Coordinates | 45°27′25″N 100°21′15″W / 45.45694°N 100.35417°W / 45.45694; -100.35417 |
| Area | 9.9 acres (4.0 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000713 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
| Designated NHL | July 19, 1964 |


title: The International Preparatory School

abstract: The International Preparatory School is a high school that serves grades 9–12 in the Lower West Side of Buffalo, New York. It focuses on providing ample college coursework to prepare its students for post-secondary education. The school chiefly draws on the largely immigrant population of the West Side, and over 40 languages are spoken by the student body. The current principal is Ms. Ella Dunne.

text:
# The International Preparatory School

**The International Preparatory School** is a high school that serves grades 9–12 in the Lower West Side of Buffalo, New York . It focuses on providing ample college coursework to prepare its students for post-secondary education. The school chiefly draws on the largely immigrant population of the West Side, and over 40 languages are spoken by the student body. The current principal is Ms. Ella Dunne.

## History

The school was first established in 2007 as a school within a school at Grover Cleveland High School to serve the growing diversity of Buffalo's Lower West Side. From 2007 to 2011, the school was based in the building while sharing space with the Grover Cleveland High School students. From 2011 to 2013, International Prep was housed in the former PS 187 Buffalo Academy for Visual & Performing Arts while renovations were being made to the Grover Cleveland building. International Prep returned to Grover Cleveland High in 2013.

### Former principal

*Previous assignment and reason for departure denoted in parentheses*

## Academics

When the school was established, International Prep was accredited with College Board. Over years, this relationship has since ended. The school continues to offer Advanced Placement courses, and dual enrollment college courses with Niagara University and SUNY Erie. In total, the school boasts enough college-level classes for students to earn nearly 70 college credits.

The school offers an Architecture & Design academy through University at Buffalo for its high school students. Other programs include its Business Academy and Multilingual Teacher Academy. In order to apply to its Multilingual Teacher Academy, student needs to submit grades, attendance, and a teacher's recommendation.

It is partnered with Niagara University, SUNY Erie, University at Buffalo, D'Youville College, Father Belle Center, and Community Action Organization.

1. "Buffalo Schools - International Prep". *Buffalo Schools - International Prep*. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
2. "What We Do / What We Do". *http*. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2021-04-20.

## InfoBox

| The International Preparatory School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 110 14th Street
Front Park
Buffalo, Erie, New York 14213
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°54′15″N 78°53′05″W / 42.9042107°N 78.8847496°W / 42.9042107; -78.8847496 |
| Information | |
| Motto | Bringing the World into Focus. |
| Established | 2007 |
| Status | Good Standing |
| Superintendent | Dr. Tonja Williams |
| School number | 198 |
| Principal | Ella M. Dunne |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 800 |
| Team name | Presidents |
| Website | http://www.buffaloschools.org/ps198 |


title: Hans Jura

abstract: Hans Jura was an Austrian cinematographer, most famous for his collaborations with the erotic film director Radley Metzger. In the 1940s, Jura trained in photography and film. After World War II he began his career as a cameraman for short documentary films. In 1963, he was awarded the Filmband in Gold for his work on The Endless Night and, in 1964, the same award again for The River Line. Until 1988, Jura lived in Munich and worked as cameraman for the Wiener Musikverein before moving back to Bad Ischl.

text:
# Hans Jura

**Hans Jura** (21 March 1921 in Vienna  25 November 1996 in Bad Ischl) was an Austrian cinematographer, most famous for his collaborations with the erotic film director Radley Metzger.

In the 1940s, Jura trained in photography and film. After World War II he began his career as a cameraman for short documentary films. In 1963, he was awarded the Filmband in Gold for his work on *The Endless Night* and, in 1964, the same award again for *The River Line*. Until 1988, Jura lived in Munich and worked as cameraman for the Wiener Musikverein before moving back to Bad Ischl.

## Selected filmography


title: Henry A. Coffeen

abstract: Henry Asa Coffeen was an American politician who served as Wyoming's United States Representative as a Democrat.

text:
# Henry A. Coffeen

**Henry Asa Coffeen** (February 14, 1841 – December 9, 1912) was an American politician who served as Wyoming's United States Representative as a Democrat.

## Life

Henry Asa Coffeen was born on February 14, 1841, in Gallipolis, Ohio to Alvah P. Coffeen and Olive Elizabeth Martin and his family later moved to Indiana and then to Homer, Illinois in 1853. He attended the country schools and was graduated from the scientific department of Abingdon College. He engaged in teaching and was a member of the faculty of Hiram College in Ohio. He moved to Sheridan in the Wyoming Territory in 1884; he was a delegate from Wyoming to the World's Fair Congress of Bankers and Financiers at Chicago in June 1893. In 1889 he was selected as one of the Democratic delegates to the Wyoming constitutional convention to draft its constitution to be submitted for statehood.

In 1885 he organized the first agricultural fair in Wyoming. In 1892 Coffeen narrowly defeated Clarence D. Clark and was elected to the United States House, but was defeated in a landslide by Frank Wheeler Mondell in 1894.

His first wife, Harriet King, died on June 4, 1901, and he remarried to Alice Dwight on June 28, 1904. On December 9, 1912, he died in Sheridan, Wyoming.

## Electoral history

Henry A. Coffeen electoral history

1892 Wyoming at-large Congressional District election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | **Henry A. Coffeen** | **8,855** | **51.34%** | +9.56% |
|  | Republican | Clarence D. Clark (incumbent) | 8,394 | 48.66% | −9.56% |
| Total votes | | | '***17,249'*** | '***100.00%'*** |  |

1894 Wyoming at-large Congressional District election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Frank Wheeler Mondell** | **10,068** | **52.64%** | +3.98% |
|  | Democratic | Henry A. Coffeen (incumbent) | 6,152 | 32.17% | −19.17% |
|  | Populist | Shakespeare E. Sealey | 2,906 | 15.19% | +15.19% |
| Total votes | | | '***19,126'*** | '***100.00%'*** |  |

## InfoBox

| Henry A. Coffeen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming's at-large district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1893  March 3, 1895 | |
| Preceded by | Clarence D. Clark |
| Succeeded by | Frank W. Mondell |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Henry Asa Coffeen
(1841-02-14)February 14, 1841
Gallipolis, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | December 9, 1912(1912-12-09) (aged 71)
Sheridan, Wyoming, U.S. |
| Resting place | Sheridan Municipal Cemetery |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Harriet King
Alice Dwight |
| Children | 3 |
| Parents | * Alvah P. Coffeen (father) * Olive Elizabeth Martin (mother) |
| Education | Abingdon College |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Mullikarumbur

abstract: Mullikarambur is a village in the Srirangam taluk of Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the district capital of Tiruchirappalli. As per the 2001 census, Mullikarambur had a population of 1,442 with 704 males and 734 females. The sex ratio was 1,048 and the literacy rate, 71.59.

text:
# Mullikarumbur

**Mullikarambur** is a village in the Srirangam taluk of Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the district capital of Tiruchirappalli. As per the 2001 census, Mullikarambur had a population of 1,442 with 704 males and 734 females. The sex ratio was 1,048 and the literacy rate, 71.59.

* "Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001". Directorate of Census Operations-Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 17 February 2011.

## InfoBox

| Mullikarambur | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Tiruchirappalli |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 1,442 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Tommy Waterall

abstract: Thomas William Waterall was an English footballer. He played as an outside left in the Football League and Southern League. Waterall started his working life as a miner, becoming a professional footballer for the first time in 1906. After spells in the Football League with Notts County, Bradford Park Avenue and Leicester Fosse, Waterall joined Southern League side Watford in July 1914. He did not play any part in Watford's first five fixtures of the 1914–15 season, but was everpresent thereafter, and scored a hat-trick on his second appearance for the club, in a 3–0 away win against Millwall. Watford went on to win the Southern League that season. After the resumption of peacetime football following the First World War, he spent two furthers seasons as a regular in the team. He was a part of the side that finished second in the Southern League on goal average in 1919–20, and the following season Waterall played in Watford's first ever Football League fixture, a 2–1 away win at Queens Park Rangers on 28 August 1920. At the end of the 1920–21 season, Waterall joined Gillingham on a free transfer. Two of his brothers, Albert and Ike were professional footballers; both started their careers at Notts County. Albert later played for Stockport County and Ike for Millwall.

text:
# Tommy Waterall

**Thomas William Waterall** (24 October 1884 – 8 November 1951) was an English footballer. He played as an outside left in the Football League and Southern League.

Waterall started his working life as a miner, becoming a professional footballer for the first time in 1906. After spells in the Football League with Notts County, Bradford Park Avenue and Leicester Fosse, Waterall joined Southern League side Watford in July 1914. He did not play any part in Watford's first five fixtures of the 1914–15 season, but was everpresent thereafter, and scored a hat-trick on his second appearance for the club, in a 3–0 away win against Millwall. Watford went on to win the Southern League that season. After the resumption of peacetime football following the First World War, he spent two furthers seasons as a regular in the team. He was a part of the side that finished second in the Southern League on goal average in 1919–20, and the following season Waterall played in Watford's first ever Football League fixture, a 2–1 away win at Queens Park Rangers on 28 August 1920. At the end of the 1920–21 season, Waterall joined Gillingham on a free transfer.

Two of his brothers, Albert and Ike were professional footballers; both started their careers at Notts County. Albert later played for Stockport County and Ike for Millwall.

## InfoBox

Tommy Waterall
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas William Waterall | | |
| Date of birth | (1884-10-24)24 October 1884 | | |
| Place of birth | Radford, England | | |
| Date of death | 8 November 1951(1951-11-08) (aged 67) | | |
| Place of death | Nottingham, England | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Left winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Radford Institute | | |
|  | Eleanor United | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1906–1908 | Notts County | 28 | (5) |
| 1908–1909 | Bradford Park Avenue | 4 | (0) |
| 1909–1913 | Mansfield Mechanics |  |  |
| 1913–1914 | Leicester Fosse | 31 | (6) |
| 1914–1921 | Watford | 108 | (19) |
| 1921–1922 | Gillingham | 18 | (1) |
|  | Sheppey United |  |  |
|  | Sittingbourne |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Palm Springs High School

abstract: Palm Springs High School is a public high school for grades 9 through 12 located in Palm Springs, California as part of the Palm Springs Unified School District. It was built in 1938 in an effort led by city pioneer Nellie Coffman.

text:
# Palm Springs High School

**Palm Springs High School** is a public high school for grades 9 through 12 located in Palm Springs, California as part of the Palm Springs Unified School District. It was built in 1938 in an effort led by city pioneer Nellie Coffman.

## Athletics

Palm Springs High School was in the Desert Valley League until 2018, when a restructuring saw the creation of the Desert Empire League. The second league was introduced to improve competitive balance, and Palm Springs competes in the Desert Empire League alongside five other teams.

Palm Springs High School football won their first California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) championship in the fall of 2009.

Boys varsity football won the CIF Championship in 2009–2010 and 2014, and has DVL titles 4 out of the last six years in 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2011–2012,2012-2013 and 2014-2015.

Girls Varsity Volleyball has won 7 Desert Valley League Titles from 2008–2011, and again from 2013-2015. In 2008 they made it to the Quarter Finals of CIF and in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013 made it to the Semi-Finals. In 2014, they made it to CIF Finals, and won the championship against Scripps Ranch.

Girls Varsity Soccer won a Desert Valley League title 2008–2009 with nine freshman and then again in 2010–2011 going to the second round in the California Interscholastic Federation with all returning freshman now juniors.

Boys varsity basketball won 4 straight DVL titles from 2010–2013. In 2013, they made it to first round of CIF.

Boys soccer went undefeated in the 2012–2013 season retaining the DVL title, since 1999.

## Notable alumni

33°48′59″N 116°31′14″W / 33.81639°N 116.52056°W / 33.81639; -116.52056

## InfoBox

| Palm Springs High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 2401 E. Baristo Rd.
Palm Springs, CA 92262-1766
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1938 Circa. |
| Principal | Michael Ventura |
| Faculty | 69.41 (FTE) |
| Enrollment | 1,584 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 22.82 |
| Mascot | Indian |
| Rival | Cathedral City High School |
| Information | (760)778-0400 |
| Website | www.palmspringshighschool.org |


title: Godzinowice

abstract: Godzinowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oława, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Oława, and 29 kilometres (18 mi) south-east of the regional capital Wrocław.

text:
# Godzinowice

**Godzinowice** \[ɡɔd͡ʑinɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oława, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Oława, and 29 kilometres (18 mi) south-east of the regional capital Wrocław.

## InfoBox

| Godzinowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Godzinowice | |
| Coordinates: 50°54′37″N 17°15′31″E / 50.91028°N 17.25861°E / 50.91028; 17.25861 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Oława |
| Gmina | Oława |


title: Nemapogon reisseri

abstract: Nemapogon reisseri is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in mainland Greece and on Crete and the Dodecanese Islands.

text:
# Nemapogon reisseri

***Nemapogon reisseri*** is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in mainland Greece and on Crete and the Dodecanese Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Nemapogon reisseri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | *Nemapogon* |
| Species: | ***N. reisseri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nemapogon reisseri***<br>Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 | |
|


title: The International Pharmacopoeia

abstract:
The International Pharmacopoeia is a pharmacopoeia issued by the World Health Organization as a recommendation, with the aim to provide international quality specifications for pharmaceutical substances and dosage forms, together with supporting general methods of analysis, for global use. Its texts can be used or adapted by any WHO member state wishing to establish legal pharmaceutical requirements. The Ph.Int. is based primarily on medicines included in the current WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and medicines included in the current invitations to manufacturers to submit an expression of interest (EOI) to the WHO Prequalification Team – Medicines (PQT) and those of interest to other UN Organizations. In recent years, priority has been given to medicines of importance in low and middle income countries, which may not appear in any other pharmacopoeias, including child-friendly dosage forms. The Ph.Int. is designed to serve all Member States, especially their national and regional regulatory authorities, organizations in the United Nations system, and regional and interregional harmonization efforts, and they underpin important public health initiatives, including the prequalification and procurement of quality medicines through major international entities, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and UNICEF. The monographs published in the Ph.Int. are established in an independent manner via a consultative procedure and based on international experience.
Monographs on radiopharmaceuticals developed with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

text:
# The International Pharmacopoeia

***The International Pharmacopoeia*** (***Pharmacopoeia Internationalis***, ***Ph. Int.***) is a pharmacopoeia issued by the World Health Organization as a recommendation, with the aim to provide international quality specifications for pharmaceutical substances (active ingredients and excipients) and dosage forms, together with supporting general methods of analysis, for global use. Its texts can be used or adapted by any WHO member state wishing to establish legal pharmaceutical requirements.

The *Ph.Int.* is based primarily on medicines included in the current WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and medicines included in the current invitations to manufacturers to submit an expression of interest (EOI) to the WHO Prequalification Team – Medicines (PQT) and those of interest to other UN Organizations. In recent years, priority has been given to medicines of importance in low and middle income countries, which may not appear in any other pharmacopoeias, including child-friendly dosage forms.

The *Ph.Int.* is designed to serve all Member States, especially their national and regional regulatory authorities, organizations in the United Nations system, and regional and interregional harmonization efforts, and they underpin important public health initiatives, including the prequalification and procurement of quality medicines through major international entities, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and UNICEF.

The monographs published in the *Ph.Int.* are established in an independent manner via a consultative procedure and based on international experience. Monographs on radiopharmaceuticals developed with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

## Editions

| Sort | Edition number | Year | Medium | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | First Edition | 1951 | Print | 2 volumes plus supplement |
| 2 | Second Edition | 1967 | Print |  |
| 3 | Third Edition | 1979 | Print | 5 volumes |
| 4 | Fourth Edition | 2006 | Print or CD-ROM | 2 volumes |
| 5 | Fifth Edition | 2015 | Online |  |
| 6 | Sixth Edition | 2016 | Online |  |
| 7 | Seventh Edition | 2017 | Online |  |
| 8 | Eighth Edition | 2018 | Online |  |
| 9 | Ninth Edition | 2019 | Online |  |
| 10 | Tenth Edition | 2020 | Online |  |
| 11 | Eleventh Edition | 2022 | Online |  |


title: Hans Jæger

abstract: Hans Henrik Jæger was a Norwegian writer, philosopher and anarchist political activist who was part of the Oslo-based bohemian group known as the Kristiania Bohemians. In 1886 he was prosecuted for his book Fra Kristiania-bohêmen, then convicted and sentenced to 60 days' imprisonment and a fine of 80 kr for infringement of modesty and public morals, and for blasphemy. He also lost his position as a stenographer at the Parliament of Norway. Jæger was defended in court by barrister Ludvig Meyer. He and other bohemians tried to live by the nine commandments he had formulated in Fra Kristiania-bohêmen. The following year he was forced to flee Norway. He had been sentenced to 150 more days in prison after the Norwegian government learned that he had sent 300 copies of Fra Kristiania-bohêmen to Sweden under the pretense that it was a volume of Christmas stories. He was a friend of Edvard Munch and was the subject of one of Munch's paintings, swiftly painted in the rented room of one of Munch's friends. Hans Jæger maintained that sexuality should be unrestricted in relationships, arguing that the traditional values of marriage and social class encroached on personal freedom and fulfillment. Jæger asserted that the institution of marriage should be abolished and that there should be "full sexual freedom between the sexes in the same social class."

text:
# Hans Jæger

**Hans Henrik Jæger** (2 September 1854, Drammen, Norway  8 February 1910, Oslo) was a Norwegian writer, philosopher and anarchist political activist who was part of the Oslo (then Kristiania)-based bohemian group known as the Kristiania Bohemians. In 1886 he was prosecuted for his book *Fra Kristiania-bohêmen*, then convicted and sentenced to 60 days' imprisonment and a fine of 80 kr for infringement of modesty and public morals, and for blasphemy. He also lost his position as a stenographer at the Parliament of Norway. Jæger was defended in court by barrister Ludvig Meyer. He and other bohemians tried to live by the nine commandments he had formulated in *Fra Kristiania-bohêmen*.

The following year he was forced to flee Norway. He had been sentenced to 150 more days in prison after the Norwegian government learned that he had sent 300 copies of *Fra Kristiania-bohêmen* to Sweden under the pretense that it was a volume of Christmas stories.

He was a friend of Edvard Munch and was the subject of one of Munch's paintings, swiftly painted in the rented room of one of Munch's friends.

Hans Jæger maintained that sexuality should be unrestricted in relationships, arguing that the traditional values of marriage and social class encroached on personal freedom and fulfillment. Jæger asserted that the institution of marriage should be abolished and that there should be "full sexual freedom between the sexes in the same social class."

## Published works

* *Kants fornuftskritik* (*Kant's critique of pure reason*) 1878
* *Olga* (play) 1883
* *En intellektuel Forførelse* (play) (*An Intellectual Seduction*) 1884
* *Fra Kristiania-bohêmen* (*From the Christiania Bohemians*) 1885
* *Julefortællinger av Hans Jæger* (*Christmas Stories by Hans Jæger*, in reality the second volume of *From the Christiania Bohemians*) 1886
* *Albertine* (with Christian Krohg) 1886
* *Min forsvarstale i høyesterett* (*My Defence Speech in the Supreme Court*) 1886
* *Kristianiabilleder* (*Images of Christiania*) 1888
* *Novelletter* (*Short Stories*) 1889
* *Bohemens erotiske bekjennelser* (*The Erotic Confessions of the Bohemians*)
    + *Syk kjærlihet* (part 1 of 3) 1893 (*Twisted Love*)
    + *Bekjendelser* (part 2 of 3) 1902 (*Confessions*)
    + *Fængsel og fortvilelse* (part 3 of 3) 1903 (*Prison and Despair*)
* *Anarkiets bibel* (*The Bible of Anarchism*) 1906
* *Socialismens ABC* (written between 1906 and 1910, never finished) (*The ABC of Socialism*)

## Biography

## InfoBox

| Hans Jæger | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Hans Jæger by Edvard Munch (1889) | |
| Born | Hans Jæger
(1854-09-02)2 September 1854
Drammen, Norway |
| Died | 8 February 1910(1910-02-08) (aged 55)
Oslo, Norway |
| Occupation | writer, philosopher, activist |
| Nationality | Norwegian |


title: Renato Diaz

abstract: Renato V. Diaz, is a Filipino businessman, economist and a former congressman who represented the 1st District of Nueva Ecija from 1992 to 1998. He is the chairman and President of RVDIAZ Consultancy & Management Corporation, a consultancy firm specializing in facilitating foreign investments in the Philippines.

text:
# Renato Diaz

**Renato V. Diaz** (born December 18, 1945), is a Filipino businessman, economist and a former congressman who represented the 1st District of Nueva Ecija from 1992 to 1998. He is the chairman and President of RVDIAZ Consultancy & Management Corporation, a consultancy firm specializing in facilitating foreign investments in the Philippines.

## Education

Diaz spent his elementary and high school days at San Beda College. He graduated *cum laude* and received the Dean's Award for Leadership and Academic Excellence from the same school with a Bachelor of Science in Commerce Major in Accounting degree.

He passed the CPA Board Examination and Career Service Professional Exam in 1967. While working for the First District of Nueva Ecija, House of Representatives, he had worked on earning an MBA degree from the Asian Institute of Management which he received in 1972.

## Professional background

### Present positions

* **Chairman & President,** Philippine Aquamarine Resources, Inc.
* **Chairman & President,** Integrated Aquamarine & Agribusiness Enterprises Holding Corp.
* **Chairman & President,** RVDIAZ Consultancy & Management Corp.
* **Chairman & President,** RVD Management Services & Holding Co.,
* **Managing Director,** RVDiaz Management Consultancy Inc.
* **Chairman,** Center for Strategic Initiatives (CSI)
* **Founding Member,** Board of Trustees and Incorporators, Ramos Peace and Development Foundation, Inc. (RPDEV)
* **Board Member,** Board of Directors, Filsyn Corporation

### Past positions

* **President & CEO,** BIC Investment & Capital Corporation (formerly Bancommerce Investment Corporation) (May 2008 to December 2012)
* **Board Member,** BIC Investment & Capital Corporation
* **Board Member,** Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) private sector representative in the RP government body that regulates the economic aspects of aviation industry (2008- March 2010)
* **Undersecretary**
* **Presidential Assistant for Central Luzon** (August 2004 to March 2007
* **Presidential Assistant for North Luzon** (February 2001 to August 2004)
    1. In this capacity coordinated and facilitated projects in the area such as the US$1.1 Billion San Roque Multi-Purpose Dam Project, the North Luzon Expressway Project, the Casecnan Irrigation Project, the Subic-Clark Expressway Project, the North Rail Project, etc.
    2. Showcased North Luzon through the Go North Caravans, which won the Anvil Award in 2003.
* **TV Talk Show Host**
    1. March 2000 to August 2003 – INTERACTION – A Forum on Issues and Solutions – ABS CBN Metro Network (Channel 21)
    2. January to March – 365 Club Forum (Channel 21)
    3. 1997–1998, Dighay Bayan Host– Channel 4
* **Consultant, First Metro Investment Corporation**
* **Congressman, 1st District of Nueva Ecija from 1992 to 1998**. Consistently chosen as one of the most outstanding Congressmen in LAKAS-NUCD, Nueva Ecija, Regional co-chairman and a member of the party's National Executive Committee.
* **Executive Vice President for Finance and Administration of Filsyn Corporation**, a chemical fiber-manufacturing firm. He joined in July 1972 as Operations Manager and retired in 1992 when he assumed office as Representative of the First District of Nueva Ecija. He remains as a member of the board of directors. He negotiated the investment of Far Eastern Textile Group (second largest industrial group in Taiwan) for Filsyn in the late 1980s, originally a joint venture of Japanese company. He headed the international trading division.
* **Vice President for Finance**, The Peninsula Manila Hotel, Inc. the firm that owns the Peninsula Hotel Manila, listed as one of the world's leading luxury hotels. He was the owners’ representative, responsible for finance, administration and external relations. He retired in 1992 and was retained as a consultant.
* **Member, Board of Director of Island King Aquaventures Corporation, Lakeview Industrial Corporation, Peggy Mills, Inc.**
* **Executive Vice President, Island King Aquaventures Corporation**, a BOI registered corporation that owns and operates a 150-hectare farm in Capiz. He retired in 1992.
* **Vice President and Director of Vernida Finance, Inc**.
* **1969-1972** Private Secretary of Congressman Leopoldo D. Diaz, First District of Nueva Ecija, House of Representatives
* **Summer 1971 Management Trainee**, Victoria's Milling Company
* **1968, Marketing Representative**, Mobile Oil Philippines
* **1968, Committee Secretary,** Senate of the Philippines
* **1967, Secretary General,** Antonino for Reelection Movement
* **1966, Executive Assistant,** Institute of Student Affairs (ISA)

## Professional organizations

## Record in Congress

Diaz was a congressman of the First District of Nueva Ecija for two terms.

### Positions in the House of Representatives

* Assistant Majority Floor Leader (He was assigned to facilitate passage of the economic measures of the Ramos Administration.)
* Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (served as Senior Vice Chairman up to March 1998)
* Chairman, Sub-committee on Internal Revenue
* Sole Representative of the House of Representatives to the Coordinating Council of the Philippines Assistance Program (CCPAP). He was part of the Philippine team that negotiated with the IMF-World Bank leaders and other foreign donors under the Official Development Assistance (ODA) Program.
* Member of the LEDAC (Legislative, Executive, Advisory Council) from 1993 to 1998. This is the body presided over by President Ramos which met weekly on legislative priorities and other national concerns.

### Committee memberships

* Committee on Rules
* Committee on Trade and Industry
* Committee on Economic Affairs
* Committee on Agrarian Reform
* Committee on Natural Resources
* Committee on Inter Parliamentary Relations and Diplomacy
* Committee on Government Enterprises and Privatization
* Committee on Government Reorganization
* Committee on Civil Service

## Major laws

Diaz authored or co-authored 270 bills, 112 of which have been passed into law. On his capacity as majority floor leader and party stalwart, he claims to be partly responsible for the economic turnaround caused by the Ramos Administration. Some of the major bills that he sponsored are the following:

**Republic Act No. 8424**. Better known as The Comprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP). Millions of Filipino wage earners would receive significant tax breaks starting tax year 1998. Through this law, impoverished taxpayers could save up to one-month's take-home pay due to increased tax exemption levels. Also benefiting from this measure are millions of Overseas Filipino Workers whose income earned outside the Philippines would be totally exempt from taxes.

**Republic Act No. 8435**. Also known as the Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act, RA 8485 allocates P120 billion spread over a period of seven years to finance various infrastructure projects and credit facilities for farmers and fisherfolk. Of this total, P6 billion would go to various irrigation projects throughout the country. This is the biggest allocation in the law, which aims to enhance agriculture production even with the onset of the El Niño phenomenon.

Congressman Diaz has also marshaled support for the construction of the P16 billion (US$400 million) Casecnan tunnel, dam and power generation plant. This project will not only irrigate year round the 100,000 hectares of agricultural land under the Upper Pampanga River System (UPRIS) but an additional 53,000 hectares of new area mostly in the First District of Nueva Ecija as well. It would also generate 300 megawatts of electricity.

**Republic Act No. 8181** “An act changing the basis of dutiable value of imported articles subject to an ad valorem rate duty from home consumption value (HCV) to transaction value (TV), amending for the purpose section 201 of title II, Part 1 of Presidential Decree No. 1404, otherwise known as the tariff and customs code of the Philippines, as amended and for other purposes.”

**Republic Act No. 8183** “An act repealing Republic Act numbered five hundred twenty nine, as amended entitled an “Act to repeal the Uniform Currency Act”.

**Republic Act No. 8182** “An act excluding official development assistance (ODA) from the foreign debt limit to facilitate the absorption and optimize the utilization of ODA resources, amending for the purpose Paragraph 1, Section 2 of Republic Act No. 4860, as amended.”

**Republic Act No. 7716.** Better known as the EVAT law. Co-author and Sponsor

## InfoBox

| Renato Vera Diaz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Philippine House of Representatives for Nueva Ecija's 1st district | |
| **In office**
June 30, 1992  June 30, 1995 | |
| Preceded by | Eduardo Nonato Joson |
| Succeeded by | Josefina Joson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Renato Vera Diaz
(1945-12-18) December 18, 1945
Talavera, Nueva Ecija, Philippines |
| Political party | Lakas–CMD |
| Spouse | Cecilia Enriquez del Pilar |
| Children | Celeste, Renato Jr., Cristina Cecilia |
| Occupation | Chairman & President of RVDIAZ Consultancy & Management Corporation |
| Nickname | RVD |
|  | |


title: Polybutene

abstract: Polybutene is an organic polymer made from a mixture of 1-butene, 2-butene, and isobutylene. Ethylene steam cracker C4s are also used as supplemental feed for polybutene. It is similar to polyisobutylene (PIB), which is produced from essentially pure isobutylene made in a C4 complex of a major refinery. The presence of isomers other than isobutylene can have several effects including: 1) lower reactivity due to steric hindrance at the terminal carbon in, e.g., manufacture of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) dispersant manufacture; 2) the molecular weight—viscosity relationships of the two materials may also be somewhat different.

text:
# Polybutene

**Polybutene** is an organic polymer made from a mixture of 1-butene, 2-butene, and isobutylene. Ethylene steam cracker C4s are also used as supplemental feed for polybutene. It is similar to polyisobutylene (PIB), which is produced from essentially pure isobutylene made in a C4 complex of a major refinery. The presence of isomers other than isobutylene can have several effects including: 1) lower reactivity due to steric hindrance at the terminal carbon in, e.g., manufacture of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) dispersant manufacture; 2) the molecular weight—viscosity relationships of the two materials may also be somewhat different.

## Applications

Industrial product applications include, sealants, adhesives, extenders for putties used for sealing roofs and windows, coatings, polymer modification, tackified polyethylene films, personal care, polybutene emulsions. Hydrogenated polybutenes are used in a wide variety of cosmetic preparations, such as lipstick and lip gloss. It is used in adhesives owing to its tackiness. Polybutene finds a niche use in bird and squirrel repellents and is ubiquitous as the active agent in mouse and insect "sticky traps".

An important physical property is that higher molecular weight grades thermally degrade to lower-molecular weight polybutenes; those evaporate as well as degrade to butene monomers which can also evaporate. This depolymerization mechanism which allows clean and complete volatization is in contrast to mineral oils which leave gum and sludge or thermoplastics which melt and spread. The property is very valuable for a variety of applications. For smoke inhibition in two stroke engine fuels, the lubricant can degrade at temperatures below the combustion temperature. For electrical lubricants and carriers which might be subject to overheating or fires, polybutene does not result in increased insulation (accelerating the overheating) or conductive carbon deposits.

## Bibliography

* Decroocq, S and Casserino, M, *Polybutenes*, Chapter 17 in Rudnick (Ed), *Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology*, CRC Press (2005), Print ISBN 978-1-57444-723-1, eBook ISBN 978-1-4200-2718-1.


title: Henry A. Chapin House

abstract: The Henry A. Chapin House, also known as Chapin Mansion, is a historic house in Niles, Michigan. It was listed as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

text:
# Henry A. Chapin House

The **Henry A. Chapin House**, also known as **Chapin Mansion**, is a historic house in Niles, Michigan. It was listed as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

## History

Henry A. Chapin was born in Leyden, Massachusetts in 1813 and moved with his parents to Ohio in 1814. In 1834, Chapin moved to Edwardsburg, Michigan, a few miles east of Niles, and started a general store. Ten years later, he entered into a partnership with S. S. Griffin and opened a wool business and general store in Niles. The business failed in 1861, but by 1864 Chapin was out of debt and again prosperous. In 1865 he purchased a tract of land in the Upper Peninsula near Iron Mountain. In 1878 an immense lode of iron ore was discovered on Chapin's property, and the Chapin Mine was quickly organized. Chapin did not own or operate the mine, but he did receive royalties of amounting to $100,000 to $300,000 annually throughout the rest of his lifetime.

Chapin began construction on this house, designed by the Chicago firm of Wheelock & Clay, in 1882. The house was finished in 1884, and Chapin lived in it until his death in 1898. The house was donated to the city of Niles in 1933, and it served as the Niles City Hall from a point between 1933 and 1937 until December 7, 2012. In May 2013, the administration of the mansion was turned over to the Niles History Center, and the mansion was opened to the public.

## Description

The Chapin House is a three-story red brick Queen Anne structure with slate, wood, and terra cotta trimmings. It sits on a Bedford blue stone foundation, and is capped with a hipped roof. The structure has a turreted, round corner tower and a number of projecting and recessed porches and semi-hexagonal bay window units.

On the interior, the first floor originally contained an entrance hall flanked by a parlor and library, a stair hall, a sitting room, dining room, kitchen and pantry. The second floor contained an upper stair hall surrounded by four large bedchambers and quarters for servants in the rear. The third floor contained a ballroom. The interior remains virtually unaltered, despite the use as the Niles City Hall for over 70 years.

## Fort St. Joseph Museum

The museum is located in the carriage house of the Chapin Mansion and focuses on the city's history. Exhibits include Fort St. Joseph, built by the French as a trading post in 1691, the Underground Railroad in southern Michigan, area railroads and artifacts of the Lakota people.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Henry A. Chapin House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Michigan State Historic Site | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location within the state of MichiganHenry A. Chapin House (the United States) | |
| Interactive map | |
| Location | 508 E. Main St.,
Niles, Michigan
United States |
| Coordinates | 41°49′45″N 86°15′12″W / 41.82917°N 86.25333°W / 41.82917; -86.25333 |
| Built | 1882 (1882) |
| Architect | Wheelock & Clay |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| NRHP reference No. | 81000304 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 30, 1981 |
| Designated MSHS | June 15, 1992 |


title: Tom Ugly

abstract: Tommaso Parisi, is an Australian musician, singer-songwriter and producer. He formed the band [is], which was later renamed, Tom Ugly. By 2009 he adopted the performance name, Tom Ugly, for himself. He issued a self-titled debut extended play in August 2009, which reached No. 23 on the ARIA Physical Singles Chart.

text:
# Tom Ugly

**Tommaso Parisi** (born 1991), is an Australian musician, singer-songwriter and producer. He formed the band **\[is\]**, which was later renamed, **Tom Ugly**. By 2009 he adopted the performance name, Tom Ugly, for himself. He issued a self-titled debut extended play in August 2009, which reached No. 23 on the ARIA Physical Singles Chart.

## Biography

Tommaso Parisi, grew up in Sydney. He first earned attention at the age of sixteen, when his band, \[is\], won the inaugural Triple J Unearthed High competition in 2008. Their first radio-single, "Cult Romance", which he wrote, went on to receive high rotation airplay and became one of Triple J's most-played songs, over the next year. It was later released as an MP3 with over 35,000 downloads.

He was selected as one of Triple J's feature artists for "Next Crop" in October 2008, for the single "Roll Again". *The Sydney Morning Herald* printed a full page article on their daily issue, posing the question of whether his act might become Australia's "next Silverchair".

The self-titled debut extended play, *Tom Ugly*, was released via Shock Records on 24 August 2009. Four of its tracks were given high rotation on radio: "Cult Romance", "Roll Again", "Bad with Love", and "All I Wanna Know". It peaked at No. 23 on the ARIA Top 50 Physical Singles Chart. It also No. 3 on the AIR Singles Chart, and received high praise from critics alike  By September 2009, the band's line-up comprised Tom Ugly as vocalist and multi-instrumentalist, Mahli-Ann Butt on bass guitar, Peter Gabrielides on guitar, and Adrian Griffin (ex-28 Days) on drums.

With the release of the EP, Tom Ugly toured Australia, playing festivals and supporting headline acts such as Groove Armada at the Hordern Pavilion and Sia at the Enmore Theatre, as well as Simian Mobile Disco, Grinspoon, The Grates, Children Collide, Art vs. Science, and Evermore. In 2012, he performed and recorded an exclusive show at Sydney's Apple Store soon after releasing singles "California" and "I Was Somebody Else", a collaborative single with Australian hip hop artist Pez. In 2014, he released the single and music video, "Slowly", which catalogues his time in Byron Bay recording of a large collection of upcoming, unreleased music. In 2018, he released singles "Villain" and "Elegant Flesh" and performed live at Supanova Expo in Brisbane and Adelaide. In June, 2019, he released the single "They".

## Discography

### Extended plays

Extended play with selected details and chart position
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | AUS
Physical
 |
| *Tom Ugly* | * Released: August 2009 * Label: Shock (ZIA09001) * Format: CD, digital download | 23 |

## Accolades

## InfoBox

| Tom Ugly | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Tommaso Parisi |
| Also known as | \[is\] |
| Born | 1991 (age 3233) |
| Origin | Sydney, Australia |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Musician * producer |
| Instruments |  |
| Years active | 2008–present |
|  | |
| Website | tomugly.com |


title: Palmyra Township, Lee County, Illinois

abstract: Palmyra Township is located in Lee County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,906 and it contained 1,201 housing units.

text:
# Palmyra Township, Lee County, Illinois

**Palmyra Township** is located in Lee County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,906 and it contained 1,201 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.53 square miles (92.0 km2), of which 34.82 square miles (90.2 km2) (or 98.00%) is land and 0.71 square miles (1.8 km2) (or 2.00%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 (est.) | 2,742 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

1. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
2. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

41°51′01″N 89°34′30″W / 41.850218°N 089.574920°W / 41.850218; -089.574920

Supervisor: Vernon Gottel

## InfoBox

| Palmyra Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Lee County | |
| Lee County's location in Illinois | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Lee |
| Established | November 6, 1849 |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | Debra Dillow |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.53 sq mi (92.0 km2) |
| Land | 34.82 sq mi (90.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.71 sq mi (1.8 km2)  2.00% |
| Population (2010) | |
| Estimate (2016) | 2,742 |
| Density | 83.5/sq mi (32.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 17-103-57316 |


title: Henry Carrington Bolton

abstract: Henry Carrington Bolton (1843–1903) was an American chemist and bibliographer of science.

text:
# Henry Carrington Bolton

**Henry Carrington Bolton** (1843–1903) was an American chemist and bibliographer of science.

## Biography

He graduated from Columbia in 1862, and then studied chemistry with Jean Baptiste André Dumas and Charles Adolphe Wurtz in Paris; with Robert Bunsen, Hermann Kopp, and Gustav Kirchhoff at Heidelberg; with Friedrich Wöhler at Göttingen; and with August Wilhelm von Hofmann in Berlin, and received a D. Phil. at Göttingen in 1866, for his work called "On the Fluorine Compounds of Uranium".

After his graduation, he spent some years in travel. From 1872 until 1877, he was assistant in quantitative analysis in the Columbia School of Mines. In 1874 he was appointed professor of chemistry in the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary. He resigned in 1877, when he became professor of chemistry and natural science in Trinity College. The celebration of the centennial of chemistry at Northumberland, Pennsylvania, the home of Joseph Priestley, who discovered oxygen in 1774, was suggested and brought about by Bolton.

Among his investigations, that of the action of organic acids on minerals is perhaps the most important, but most of his work was literary, and his private collection of early chemical books was unsurpassed in the United States. Bolton published large bibliographies of chemistry and later of all scientific periodicals which are still used. He included alchemy in the chemistry listings and emphasized the continuity of the transition. He was a member of many scientific societies, perhaps more than any contemporary.

The Science History Institute hosts the Bolton Society, which is named for H.C. Bolton, to support "printed materials devoted to chemistry and related sciences" and to support its Othmer Library of Chemical History.

## Works

* *Catalog of Scientific and Technical Periodicals (1665–1882).* 1885.
* *A Catalogue of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 1665-1895.* (second edition) 1897. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. Reprinted 1965 by Johnston Reprint Corporation.
* Bolton, Henry Carrington (1900). *Evolution of the Thermometer, 1592-1743*. Easton, Pennsylvania: The Chemical Publishing Company. pp. 66–79.
* *Select Bibliography of Chemistry (1492–1892)*. 1892. (lists 12,031 titles)
* *Select Bibliography of Chemistry (1492–1904)*. (completed posthumously; lists over 14,000 titles)
* *The Follies of Science at the Court of Rudolph II*. 1904. Milwaukee: Pharmaceutical Review Publishing Company. (Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
* Priestly, Joseph (1892). Bolton, Henry Carrington (ed.). *Scientific Correspondence of Joseph Priestley*. Philadelphia: Collins Printing House. p. 98. James Keir Priestley.
* *The Counting-Out Rhymes of Children: Their Antiquity, Origin, and Wide* 1888

* *The family of Bolton in England and America, 1100-1894 a study in genealogy. Embodying the Genealogical and biographical account of the family of Bolton, published in 1862 by Robert Bolton, rewritten and extended to date*. 1895. Google Books

## InfoBox

| Henry Carrington Bolton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 29 January 1843<br>New York City |
| Died | November 19, 1903(1903-11-19) (aged 60) |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Main interests | Chemistry; Scientific bibliography |
| Notable works | *Catalogue of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 1665-1895* |
|  | |


title: The Kingsmen Volume II

abstract: The Kingsmen Volume II is the second album by the rock band The Kingsmen, released in 1964.

text:
# The Kingsmen Volume II

***The Kingsmen Volume II*** is the second album by the rock band The Kingsmen, released in 1964.

## Release and reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

The Kingsmen released Volume II (subtitled "More Great Sounds From The Group That Gave You "Louie, Louie") to capitalize on the continued success of "Louie Louie" and recent hits "Little Latin Lupe Lu" (#46) and "Death Of An Angel" (#42). As with the first album, crowd noise overdubs were added to simulate a live performance. It first appeared on the *Billboard* Top LPs chart September 26, 1964, and remained for 37 weeks, peaking at #15.

The September 12, 1964 issue of Cash Box magazine reviewed the album:

*The Kingsmen, who are still scoring with their initial "Louie, Louie" album, seem destined to go a like success route with this raunchy, hard-driving package of recent vintage selections and oldies. The guys pull out all the stops as they render pulsating readings of "Little Latin Lupe Lu," "Long Green" and "Great Balls Of Fire." Disk should skyrocket.*

The album title is "Volume II" on the front of the LP jacket and "Volume 2" on the spine, back, and on both record labels. Initial pressings of the album had "And You Believed Him" as the last track, but "Death Of An Angel" was substituted mid-production along with a yellow sticker at the bottom of the LP jacket proclaiming "Featuring Death Of An Angel." Later pressings had the revised track list on the cover.

The LP was released in both mono (WDM 659) and stereo (WDS 659) versions. International releases included Canada (Reo 674) and United Kingdom (Pye International NPL 28054, different cover). A 1964 French release, *En Public - Dansez Le Surf avec The Kingsmen* (Disques Vogue LD 655 30), included a mix of tracks from the first two albums. In 1993 Sundazed and Bear Family reissued the album on CD with bonus tracks "And You Believed Him" and "Give Her Lovin'" while removing the crowd noise overdubs on all tracks.

## Track listing

1. Kingsmen Introduction  2:11 (Lynn Easton)
2. Little Latin Lupe Lu  2:36 (Bill Medley)
3. Long Green  2:38 (Lynn Easton)
4. Do You Love Me  2:37 (Berry Gordy)
5. New Orleans  2:24 (Frank Guida, Joseph Royster)
6. Walking the Dog  2:09 (Rufus Thomas)
7. David's Mood  2:07 (Dave Lewis)
8. Something's Got a Hold on Me  3:10 (Pearl Woods, Etta James, Leroy Kirkland)
9. Let the Good Times Roll  1:53 (Shirley Goodman, Leonard Lee)
10. Ooh Poo Pah Doo  3:02 (Jessie Hill)
11. Great Balls of Fire  1:48 (Otis Blackwell, Jack Hammer)
12. Linda Lou  2:33 (Ray Sharpe)
13. Death of An Angel  2:33 (Donald Woods)
14. And You Believed Him†  2:31 (Lynn Easton)
15. Give Her Lovin'†  1:47 (Lynn Easton)

† CD bonus tracks

Note: Times are from the Sundazed reissue CD and differ in some cases from listings on the original Wand LP.

## Chart positions

| Chart (1964) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top LPs | 15 |
| U.S. *Cashbox* Top LPs | 20 |
| U.S. *Record World* Top LPs | 8 |

## Musicians and production

* Lynn Easton: vocals, saxophone
* Mike Mitchell: guitar
* Barry Curtis: keyboards
* Dick Peterson: drums
* Norm Sundholm: bass
* Produced by Jerdan (*sic*) Productions and Stan Green
* Liner notes by Wink Martindale (KFWB)
* CD booklet layout: Jeff Smith

## InfoBox

| The Kingsmen Volume II | |
| --- | --- |
| US cover | |
| Studio album by The Kingsmen | |
| Released | 1964 |
| Genre | Garage rock |
| Length | 35:59 |
| Label | Wand |
| Producer | Jerden Productions, Stan Green |
| The Kingsmen chronology | |
| *The Kingsmen in Person*
(1963) ***The Kingsmen Volume II***
(1964) *The Kingsmen Volume 3*
(1965) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Kingsmen Volume II* | |
| 1. "Little Latin Lupe Lu"
Released: July 1964 (Wand 157) 2. "Death of an Angel"
Released: Sept 1964 (Wand 164) | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| UK cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Kildin-class destroyer

abstract: The Kildin-class destroyer was a series of destroyers built for the Soviet Navy in the 1950s. They were a missile armed version of the Kotlin-class destroyer, and the class was named for Kildin Island. Four ships were built around the KSShch anti-ship missile. When this missile became obsolete in the 1960s, three ships were modernised in 1972-1977. All ships were decommissioned in the late 1980s early 1990s. The Soviet designation was Project 56EM for the prototype (Bedovy), Project 56M for three series ships, and Project 56U for the modernised ships.

text:
# Kildin-class destroyer

The **Kildin-class destroyer** was a series of destroyers built for the Soviet Navy in the 1950s. They were a missile armed version of the Kotlin-class destroyer, and the class was named for Kildin Island. Four ships were built around the KSShch (КСЩ, SS-N-1) anti-ship missile. When this missile became obsolete in the 1960s, three ships were modernised in 1972-1977. All ships were decommissioned in the late 1980s early 1990s. The Soviet designation was **Project 56EM** for the prototype (*Bedovy*), **Project 56M** for three series ships, and **Project 56U** for the modernised ships.

## Design

The Kotlin-class hull and machinery were retained, A rail SSM launcher was fitted at the stern and the forward 130mm gun was replaced by two quad 57mm anti aircraft guns (45mm in *Bedovy*). The torpedo tubes were replaced by twin 533mm tubes located on the beam. After the SS-N-1 missile was declared to be obsolete the Soviets replaced these missiles with two 76mm gun turrets aft and four SS-N-2 missile launchers.

## Ships

* *Bedovy* (Бедовый - *Mischievous*) - built by Zhdanov Shipyard, Leningrad, completed 1958, scrapped 1989
* *Neulovimy* (Неуловимый - *Elusive*) - built by Zhdanov Shipyard, Leningrad, completed 1958, scrapped 1990
* *Prozorlivy* (Прозорливый - *Perceptive* ) - built in Nikolayev, completed 1958, scrapped 1991
* *Neuderzhimy* (Неудержимый - *Unrestrainable*) - built in Komsomolsk na Amure, completed 1958, scrapped 1985 (not modernised)
* *Neukrotimy* (Неукротимый - *Indomitable*) - cancelled before construction starts

* "Project 56M Kildin class Guided Missile Destroyer". Federation of American Scientists. 2000-09-07. Archived from the original on 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
* All Russian Kildin Class Destroyers - Complete Ship List

## InfoBox

| Kildin-class destroyer with SS-N-1 launcher | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | Kildin class |
| Operators | Soviet Navy |
| Preceded by | Kotlin class |
| Succeeded by | Kanin class |
| Built | 1953–1958 |
| In commission | 1958–1991 |
| Planned | 5 |
| Completed | 4 |
| Cancelled | 1 |
| Retired | 4 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Guided missile destroyer |
| Displacement | 2662 tons standard, 3230 tons full load |
| Length | 126.1 m (414 ft) |
| Beam | 12.7 m (42 ft) |
| Draught | 4.2 m (14 ft) |
| Installed power | 72,000 hp (54,000 kW) |
| Propulsion | 2 × shaft geared steam turbines, 4 boilers, |
| Speed | 38 kn (70 km/h; 44 mph) |
| Complement | 273 |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | * Radar: Fut -N (air search), Ryf (surface) * Sonar: Pegas |
| Armament | * *(as designed)* + 1 SS-N-1 anti shipping missile launcher (8 re-load missiles) + 16 × 57 mm guns (4x4), + 4 × 533 mm torpedo tubes (2x2), + 2 × RBU-2500 w/ 128 RGB-25, + 2 × RPK-8 Zapad/RBU-6000 12 tubed mortar launchers  * *(as modernised)* + 4 SS-N-2 anti shipping missile launchers + 4 × 76mm guns (2 twin turrets) + 16 × 57 mm guns (4x4), + 4 × 533 mm torpedo tubes (2x2), + 2 × RBU-2500 w/ 128 RGB-25, + 2 × RPK-8 Zapad/RBU-6000 12 tubed mortar launchers |


title: Pongo

abstract: Pongo may refer to:

text:
# Pongo

**Pongo** may refer to:

## Places

## People

## Animals

## Fictional characters

* Pongo Twistleton, book character from P. G. Wodehouse's Uncle Fred stories from the 1930s to 1960s
* Janice "Pongo" Footrot, comics character from Murray Ball's strip *Footrot Flats* (19751994)
* Pongo the Pirate, puppet character from Gerry Anderson's TV series *Torchy the Battery Boy* (19581959)
* "Pongo" Banks, antagonist of the 1979 Alan Clarke film *Scum*
* Pongo, assistant to Johhny Gan (Bobby Lee) on *Mad TV* (season 12)
* Pongo, puppet from Rooster Teeth short films

### Fictional animals

* Pongo, male Dalmatian dog character in *The Hundred and One Dalmatians*, 1956 children's novel by Dodie Smith, and other adaptations:
* Pongo, pampered pet dragon in the British children's television series *A Rubovian Legend* (1955), created by Gordon Murray
* Pongo, the Dragon, character since 2001 in U.S. animated children's show *Oswald*
* Pongo, Dalmatian dog character in the 2011 American television series *Once Upon A Time*
* Pongo, dog character of Billy The Kid in the D. C. Thomson 1970s British comics *Cracker*
* Pongo, circus chimpanzee (who plays a role in the plot) in Enid Blyton's 5th Famous Five book, *Five Go Off in a Caravan* (1946)
* Pongo, a sentient, featureless mound incapable of feeling or emotion resembling a dog. From the sketch “Pongo” on the American comedy series Saturday Night Live.

## Fictional places

* Checkpoint Pongo, a border post of the Concavity near Methuen, Massachusetts, in the American novel *Infinite Jest*


title: Villar de los Pisones

abstract: Villar de los Pisones is a locality in the municipality of Asturianos, province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2014 census (INE), the locality has a population of 16 inhabitants.

text:
# Villar de los Pisones

**Villar de los Pisones** is a locality in the municipality of Asturianos, province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2014 census (INE), the locality has a population of 16 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Villar de los Pisones | |
| --- | --- |
| Villar de los PisonesLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 42°04′20″N 6°30′33″W / 42.07222°N 6.50917°W / 42.07222; -6.50917 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Zamora |
| Municipality | Asturianos |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 16 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |