title: International call

abstract:
International telephone calls are those made between different countries. These telephone calls are processed by international gateway exchanges (switches). Charges for these calls were high initially but declined greatly during the 20th century due to advances in technology liberalization. Originally they were placed via long-distance operators. The calls were transmitted by cable, communications satellite, radio, and more recently, fiber optics and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). International direct dialling was introduced in the 1970s, so calls can be dialed by country code without an operator. International calls can be paid via telephone card. These popular telecommunications products allow users to initiate an international call from almost anywhere in the world. These cards typically offer rates lower than most traditional long-distance products and services, and can be used via landline, cellular phone, PBX, and some VoIP services, as well as from some airports and hotels. In the United Kingdom, there are various ways to make an international call. For users with access to a landline:
  - It can be made directly by dialling the country code together with the destination phone number. This is the most expensive way to call internationally, unless a special arrangement is made with the telephone operator. For example, with BT there is an option to add an international add-on to a standard calling plan.
  - Dial-around access numbers allow a landline user to call an 08 or 09 number to connect to a service that routes using LCR rather than direct routes. This allows the call to be carried cheaper as the user is getting "around" the expensive direct routing method.
  - It can also be made with the use of a telephone card. This way, international calls are made by first dialling to a local access telephone number and providing the PIN before dialling the country code together with the destination phone number. Some companies provide business solutions and accounts for businesses that are making high volumes of international calls. For mobile phone users, the choices used to be very limited but it is no longer the case as mobile phone network operators roll out new pricing models and innovation in call routing developed. There are now numerous ways for a mobile phone user to call internationally:
  - It can be made directly by dialling the country code together with the destination phone number. This is the most expensive way to call internationally.
  - It can be made by adding an add-on to an existing mobile phone tariff. A number of mobile phone network operators are offering add-ons for making discounted international calls. Some mobile phone network operators describe their add-ons as giving 'unlimited' minutes for making international calls. However, the official Fair Usage Policy tends to limit the maximum allowable talk time at 3,000 minutes per month.
  - It can be made with the use of a telephone card, as described above. Telephone cards are typically sold in newsagents or can be purchased from the user's mobile phone using reverse SMS billing
  - It can be made by using a SIM card provided by mobile virtual network operators, which include UWTMobile, Lebara Mobile and LycaMobile. Users of these networks make international calls by dialling the country code together with the destination phone number.
  - It can be made through a call-forwarding service that allows mobile phone users to associate an international phone number with a landline number within the United Kingdom. Users would dial a landline number and the call is then forwarded internationally. This allows mobile phone users to take advantage of their free minutes when accessing the service. Since the provider identifies its users by their Caller ID's, there is no need to provide a PIN when accessing the service.
  - It can be made by first dialling a voice short code, which tends to be operated by a company other than the mobile phone network operator, before entering the country code together with the destination phone number.
  - It can also be made with the use of VoIP applications on smart phones. Such applications include Skype, Google Voice, Fring, and others. Some applications allow users to make free international calls, which are paid by sponsors. These applications make use of the Wi-Fi or 3G connection on the phones to make calls. Alternatively, calls can also be routed by accessing a server through a local or regional phone number. A Local Dialling Disparity exists where the originating number and the foreign number are on the same network, usually a mobile telephone provider with operations in multiple countries. A less expensive call path is available by routing within the local Mobile Switching Center without going out to the global GMSC to its HLR. Both users are on the same network, so the international call remains within that company's network. There are instances of telephone country codes covering points in more than one country; the North American Numbering Plan is one example, as is nominally-sovereign Vatican City's use of Italian numbering. The term overseas call is used by the Bell System to distinguish international calls to another country code from NANP-internal calls.

text:
# International call

**International telephone calls** are those made between different countries. These telephone calls are processed by international gateway exchanges (switches). Charges for these calls were high initially but declined greatly during the 20th century due to advances in technology liberalization. Originally they were placed via long-distance operators. The calls were transmitted by cable, communications satellite, radio, and more recently, fiber optics and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). International direct dialling was introduced in the 1970s, so calls can be dialed by country code without an operator.

International calls can be paid via telephone card (aka phone card, calling card). These popular telecommunications products allow users to initiate an international call from almost anywhere in the world. These cards typically offer rates lower than most traditional long-distance products and services, and can be used via landline, cellular phone, PBX, and some VoIP services, as well as from some airports and hotels.

In the United Kingdom, there are various ways to make an international call. For users with access to a landline:

* It can be made directly by dialling the country code together with the destination phone number. This is the most expensive way to call internationally, unless a special arrangement is made with the telephone operator. For example, with BT there is an option to add an international add-on to a standard calling plan.
* Dial-around access numbers allow a landline user to call an 08 or 09 number to connect to a service that routes using LCR rather than direct routes. This allows the call to be carried cheaper as the user is getting "around" the expensive direct routing method.
* It can also be made with the use of a telephone card. This way, international calls are made by first dialling to a local access telephone number and providing the PIN before dialling the country code together with the destination phone number. Some companies provide business solutions and accounts for businesses that are making high volumes of international calls.

For mobile phone users, the choices used to be very limited but it is no longer the case as mobile phone network operators roll out new pricing models and innovation in call routing developed. There are now numerous ways for a mobile phone user to call internationally:

* It can be made directly by dialling the country code together with the destination phone number. This is the most expensive way to call internationally.
* It can be made by adding an add-on to an existing mobile phone tariff. A number of mobile phone network operators are offering add-ons for making discounted international calls. Some mobile phone network operators describe their add-ons as giving 'unlimited' minutes for making international calls. However, the official Fair Usage Policy tends to limit the maximum allowable talk time at 3,000 minutes per month.
* It can be made with the use of a telephone card, as described above. Telephone cards are typically sold in newsagents or can be purchased from the user's mobile phone using reverse SMS billing
* It can be made by using a SIM card provided by mobile virtual network operators, which include UWTMobile, Lebara Mobile and LycaMobile. Users of these networks make international calls by dialling the country code together with the destination phone number.
* It can be made through a call-forwarding service that allows mobile phone users to associate an international phone number with a landline number within the United Kingdom. Users would dial a landline number and the call is then forwarded internationally. This allows mobile phone users to take advantage of their free minutes when accessing the service. Since the provider identifies its users by their Caller ID's, there is no need to provide a PIN when accessing the service.
* It can be made by first dialling a voice short code, which tends to be operated by a company other than the mobile phone network operator, before entering the country code together with the destination phone number.
* It can also be made with the use of VoIP applications on smart phones. Such applications include Skype, Google Voice, Fring, and others. Some applications allow users to make free international calls, which are paid by sponsors. These applications make use of the Wi-Fi or 3G connection on the phones to make calls. Alternatively, calls can also be routed by accessing a server through a local or regional phone number.

A **Local Dialling Disparity** exists where the originating number and the foreign number are on the same network, usually a mobile telephone provider with operations in multiple countries. A less expensive call path is available by routing within the local Mobile Switching Center without going out to the global GMSC to its HLR. Both users are on the same network, so the international call remains within that company's network.

There are instances of telephone country codes covering points in more than one country; the North American Numbering Plan is one example, as is nominally-sovereign Vatican City's use of Italian numbering. The term **overseas call** is used by the Bell System to distinguish international calls to another country code from NANP-internal calls.


title: Rakesh Kumar Verma

abstract: Rakesh Kumar Verma also known as Dr. R.K. Verma is a MLA for Raniganj constituency of Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh with the Samajwadi Party. He hails from village Sarai Devrai post Katra Gulab Singh in Pratapgarh.

text:
# Rakesh Kumar Verma

**Rakesh Kumar Verma** also known as **Dr. R.K. Verma** is a MLA for Raniganj constituency of Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh with the Samajwadi Party.

He hails from village Sarai Devrai post Katra Gulab Singh in Pratapgarh.

## InfoBox

| Dr. R.K. Verma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
10 March 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Dhiraj Ojha |
| Constituency | Raniganj |
| Member of Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh | |
| **In office**
12 March 2017  10 March 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Himself |
| Succeeded by | Jeet Lal |
| Constituency | Vishwanathganj |
| Member of Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh | |
| **In office**
16 May 2014  12 March 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Rajaram Pandey |
| Succeeded by | Himself |
| Constituency | Vishwanathganj |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 29 November,1974
Saraidevray, Mandhata Pratapgarh |
| Political party | Samajwadi Party |
| Spouse | Anisha Verma |
| Alma mater | University of Allahabad (B.Sc.)
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (B.A.M.S.) |
| As of 24 June 2014 | |


title: The Nightlines Sessions

abstract: The Nightlines Sessions is a 1998 album by Rheostatics. The album was recorded as a live session for the final episode of CBC Stereo's late night music program Night Lines, hosted by David Wisdom. It is a largely tossed-off and improvised affair, showing the band indulging their silly sides. It is an enjoyable diversion for fans, but even the band acknowledges that casual listeners will likely find it weird and unlistenable. The session aired on August 31, 1997. One song from the session, "Stolen Car", had appeared on an earlier Rheostatics album. Another song, "The Junction Foil Ball", was rerecorded for the later Night of the Shooting Stars.

text:
# The Nightlines Sessions

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***The Nightlines Sessions*** is a 1998 album by Rheostatics.

The album was recorded as a live session for the final episode of CBC Stereo's late night music program *Night Lines*, hosted by David Wisdom. It is a largely tossed-off and improvised affair, showing the band indulging their silly sides. It is an enjoyable diversion for fans, but even the band acknowledges that casual listeners will likely find it weird and unlistenable.

The session aired on August 31, 1997.

One song from the session, "Stolen Car", had appeared on an earlier Rheostatics album (1997's *Double Live*). Another song, "The Junction Foil Ball", was rerecorded for the later *Night of the Shooting Stars*.

## Track listing

As with many of the band's albums, songwriting is credited to varying combinations of the band members: Martin Tielli, Dave Bidini and Tim Vesely. (Don Kerr does not receive songwriting credits.) Credits for each song are listed next to the title.

1. "The Pooby Song" (Dave Bidini) – 2:13
2. "The Junction Foil Ball" (Martin Tielli) – 4:20
3. "Frank" (Bidini) – 4:22
4. "Henry's Musical Beard" (Tim Vesely) – 0:27
5. "Majorca" (Vesely) – 3:58
6. "Ugly Manhattan" (Tielli) – 1:45
7. "Trans Jam" (Rheostatics, Farm Fresh and the Subliminal Kid) – 4:11
8. "Alien Boy" (Tielli, Vesely) – 1:12
9. "Baby, I Love You" (Tielli, Vesely) – 3:41
10. "This is Nightlines" (Bidini) – 2:45
11. "Stolen Car" (Bidini) – 5:25
12. "Don't Say Goodnight" (Bidini) – 1:41

## InfoBox

| The Nightlines Sessions | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Rheostatics | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Rheostatics chronology | |
| *Double Live*
(1997) ***The Nightlines Sessions***
(1998) *The Story of Harmelodia*
(1999) | |


title: Otis Starkey House

abstract: Otis Starkey House is a historic home located at Cape Vincent in Jefferson County, New York. It was built about 1820 and is a two-story Federal style residence. It has two sections: a two-story main section and a lower two-story rear wing. Also on the property is a gabled carriage house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Otis Starkey House

**Otis Starkey House** is a historic home located at Cape Vincent in Jefferson County, New York. It was built about 1820 and is a two-story Federal style residence. It has two sections: a two-story main section and a lower two-story rear wing. Also on the property is a gabled carriage house.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Otis Starkey House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Viewed from the south | |
|  | |
| Location | Point St., Cape Vincent, New York |
| Coordinates | 44°7′36″N 76°20′6″W / 44.12667°N 76.33500°W / 44.12667; -76.33500 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1820 |
| Architect | Starkey, Otis |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| MPS | Cape Vincent Town and Village MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 85002478 |
| Added to NRHP | September 27, 1985 |


title: Heryford Brothers Building

abstract: The Heryford Brothers Building is a historic commercial building in Lakeview, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1913 by William P. Heryford, a local rancher and businessman. The building has changed hands several times over the years, but it has remained in continuous use since it was constructed. Today, the Heryford Building is an active commercial structure for a number of small businesses. Because of its importance to local history, the Heryford Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Heryford Brothers Building

The **Heryford Brothers Building** (also known locally as the **Elks Building**) is a historic commercial building in Lakeview, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1913 by William P. Heryford, a local rancher and businessman. The building has changed hands several times over the years, but it has remained in continuous use since it was constructed. Today, the Heryford Building is an active commercial structure for a number of small businesses. Because of its importance to local history, the Heryford Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The town of Lakeview was established in 1876. The community grew slowly because of its isolated frontier location. In May 1900, a large fire destroyed 64 of the town's 66 buildings, leaving 700 residents homeless. However most of the homes and business structures were replaced by October of that year. Much of the reconstruction was financed by Doctor Bernard Daly, a local physician, banker, and businessman.

In 1908, a new county courthouse was built in the center of town on the south side of Center Street (the town's main east-west street) between E Street and F Street (the town's main north-south streets). In 1911, the Nevada–California–Oregon Railway reached Lakeview, spurring commercial growth in the community. In the two years following the arrival of the railroad, over $200,000 was invested in Lakeview's downtown business area. Almost half of that investment was made by William P. Heryford, a local rancher and businessman. In 1913, Heryford commissioned the construction of a new three-story commercial building on the north side of Center Street, across the street from the Lake County courthouse. Heryford's building cost approximately $100,000 to construct. When it was completed, the building was the largest and most expensive structure in Lakeview. It was also the most modern, with its own power generator, central stream heat, elevators, electric lights, hot water, and telephones.

The Heryford Brothers Building was dedicated on 14 March 1913. Over 600 people attended the ceremony. After the dedication ceremony, Heryford hosted a community party that lasted from 7:00 p.m. until 5:00 a.m the next morning. According to the *Lake County Examiner*, the event was "without a doubt the largest assemblage of beautifully gowned women ever gathered in Lakeview". The *Examiner* went on to speculate that Lakeview would never witness another such affair.

The Heryford building was the largest structure in Lakeview when it was built in 1913, and it is still one of the city's most important commercial building today. Because the Heryford Brothers Building played an important role in the commercial development of Lakeview, the structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 30 April 1980.

## Structure

The Heryford Brothers Building is a three-story Classical Revival style structure with 54,000 square feet (5,000 m2) of interior floor space. It was designed by San Francisco architect F. S. DeLongchamp, and constructed by I. A. (Andy) Underwood, a prominent Lakeview builder. When it was opened, the first floor was occupied by the Lakeview Mercantile Company, Lakeview's post office, and the Hall and Reynolds drug store. The United States Land Office and the local Elks Lodge occupied the second floor with professional offices on the third floor. The building included many features that were considered very modern, especially in an isolated eastern Oregon community in the early 20th century. These features included an electric power generator, central stream heat, elevators, telephones, electric lights, and hot water throughout the building.

The building is a steel and masonry structure with a footprint measuring 107 feet (33 m) by 128 feet (39 m). The main entrance faces Center Street. It is flanked by rusticated stone pillars and matching arch with a classical header above the double-door entry. There are rusticated stone pillars between the ground floor windows with brick pilasters above. There is also an inset entryway at the southwest corner of the building, facing the Center Street and F Street intersection. A heavy wooden awning suspended over the sidewalks along the first floor frontage was added sometime after the original construction. It was removed sometime after 2001, restoring the exterior to its original form. The second floor has square-framed triple window groups with upper transom windows above the main panes. The windows are all mounted in pine casement frames. On the third floor, the triple window groups are repeated, but within rounded arch frames. The building's sheet metal cornices have elaborate entablature, frieze, and dentil elements. The building also has a full basement.

Over the years, the first floor has been extensively remodeled to accommodate new commercial tenants. The mercantile store was replaced by a restaurant, and then new commercial space. Later, the Elks Lodge expanded to the first floor. The first floor modifications include dropped ceilings, new sheetrock walls, wood paneling, and new bathrooms. The first floor space occupied by the drug store has changed hands several times, but retains its original configuration. With the exception of fire code modifications the second and third floors generally retain their original configurations as well.

## Location

The Heryford Brother Building occupies Lot A, Section 15, Township 39 South, Range 20 East of the Willamette Meridian in Lake County, Oregon. It is located on the north side of Center Street between E Street and F Street in Lakeview, Oregon. The building faces the Lake County Courthouse in the center of town.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Heryford Brothers Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Heryford Brothers Building in 2014 | |
| Location | 524 Center Street
Lakeview, Oregon |
| Coordinates | 42°11′23″N 120°20′44″W / 42.189693°N 120.345629°W / 42.189693; -120.345629 |
| Built | 1913 |
| Architect | F. S. DeLongchamp |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 80003330 |
| Added to NRHP | 1980 |


title: Vitulazio

abstract: Vitulazio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Caserta. Vitulazio borders the following municipalities: Bellona, Camigliano, Capua, Grazzanise, Pastorano, Pignataro Maggiore.

text:
# Vitulazio

**Vitulazio** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Naples and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Caserta.

Vitulazio borders the following municipalities: Bellona, Camigliano, Capua, Grazzanise, Pastorano, Pignataro Maggiore.

## InfoBox

| Vitulazio | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Vitulazio | |
| Extraordinary snowfall of 27-2-2018 on the town of Vitulazio (CE) | |
| Location of Vitulazio | |
| VitulazioLocation of Vitulazio in ItalyVitulazioVitulazio (Campania) | |
| Coordinates: 41°10′N 14°13′E / 41.167°N 14.217°E / 41.167; 14.217 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Campania |
| Province | Caserta (CE) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | commissar |
| Area | |
| Total | 22.7 km2 (8.8 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2013) | |
| Total | 7,139 |
| Density | 310/km2 (810/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Vitulatini |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 81041, 81050 |
| Dialing code | 0823 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Mohammad Abdul Wadud

abstract: Md. Abdul Wadud is a Bangladeshi politician. He is a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Chapai Nawabganj-3 constituency.

text:
# Mohammad Abdul Wadud

**Md. Abdul Wadud** (born 1 January 1964) is a Bangladeshi politician. He is a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Chapai Nawabganj-3 constituency.

## Early life and education

Abdul Wadud was born in 1964 to a Bengali Bishwas family in the village of Chowk-Alampur in Nawabganj subdivision, Rajshahi District, East Pakistan. He is the youngest among the eight children of Mohammad Abdul Latif Bishwas and Mosammat Zaibunnesa. Abdul Wadud completed his elementary education from Maharajpur Primary School. He was involved in politics during his time at the Rajshahi Shiroil High School, briefly being imprisoned. He received his Secondary School Certificate from Maharajpur High School in 1978.

## InfoBox

| Md. Abdul Odud | |
| --- | --- |
| মোঃ আব্দুল ওদুদ | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Chapai Nawabganj-3 | |
| **In office**
8 February 2023  6 August 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Harunur Rashid |
| **In office**
25 January 2009  28 January 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Harunur Rashid |
| Succeeded by | Harunur Rashid |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-01-01) 1 January 1964
Nawabganj subdivision, Rajshahi District, East Pakistan |
| Political party | Bangladesh Awami League |
|  | |


title: Ilarione da Bergamo

abstract: Ilarione da Bergamo (1727?-1778) was an Italian Capuchin friar, who wrote an account of his travels in New Spain 1761–1768. The narrative remained in manuscript form until its publication in Italian in 1976. A translation to English was published in 2000. He likely took his name from the town of Bergamo, near Milan; little is known of his life beyond his religious profession and his travel narrative. He was sent by the Vatican's Propaganda Fide to Mexico collect alms for the Capuchin missions in Tibet, one of seven friars. He returned to Italy after seven years of mission work and began composing his travel account. His manuscript is nearly three hundred of neat, handwritten pages, which includes two maps, one of central New Spain and the other of the Valley of Mexico, as well as illustrations of native plants, and two of Indians' dwellings. The maps, dwellings, and some botanical illustrations are reproduced in the English translation. He describes his travel from Italy to Spain, sea voyage to the Caribbean and then to Mexico and his impressions of the port of Veracruz, the capital Mexico City, and the silver mines of Real del Monte in northern New Spain. There are chapters on foods and plants of New Spain, medicine, occupations and amusements, "miscellaneous topics and disasters", and religious life in the colony. Tensions between Spanish Capuchins and the Italians resulted in the Italian Capuchin's expulsion from Mexico.

text:
# Ilarione da Bergamo

**Ilarione da Bergamo** (1727?-1778) was an Italian Capuchin friar, who wrote an account of his travels in New Spain (colonial Mexico) 1761–1768. The narrative remained in manuscript form until its publication in Italian in 1976. A translation to English was published in 2000. He likely took his name from the town of Bergamo, near Milan; little is known of his life beyond his religious profession and his travel narrative.

He was sent by the Vatican's Propaganda Fide to Mexico collect alms for the Capuchin missions in Tibet, one of seven friars. He returned to Italy after seven years of mission work and began composing his travel account. His manuscript is nearly three hundred of neat, handwritten pages, which includes two maps, one of central New Spain and the other of the Valley of Mexico, as well as illustrations of native plants, and two of Indians' dwellings. The maps, dwellings, and some botanical illustrations are reproduced in the English translation.

He describes his travel from Italy to Spain, sea voyage to the Caribbean and then to Mexico and his impressions of the port of Veracruz, the capital Mexico City, and the silver mines of Real del Monte in northern New Spain. There are chapters on foods and plants of New Spain, medicine, occupations and amusements, "miscellaneous topics and disasters", and religious life in the colony. Tensions between Spanish Capuchins and the Italians resulted in the Italian Capuchin's expulsion from Mexico.

## Further reading

* Leonard, Irving A., ed. *Colonial Travel Writers in Latin America*. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1972.
* Pratt, Mary Louise. *Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation*. Routledge 2007.

## InfoBox

| Ilarione da Bergamo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1727 |
| Died | 1778 |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Occupation | Capuchin Friar |


title: Poppy milk

abstract: Poppy milk is a traditional Lithuanian drink or soup, one of the 12-dish Christmas Eve supper Kūčios. Usually it is eaten together with kūčiukai, another traditional Lithuanian Christmas Eve dish. It is also an ingredient in Kutia, a meal served during a traditional Ukrainian Christmas Eve feast. This drink is considered a dessert.

text:
# Poppy milk

**Poppy milk** (*aguonų pienas*) is a traditional Lithuanian drink or soup, one of the 12-dish Christmas Eve supper Kūčios. Usually it is eaten together with *kūčiukai*, another traditional Lithuanian Christmas Eve dish. It is also an ingredient in Kutia, a meal served during a traditional Ukrainian Christmas Eve feast. This drink is considered a dessert.

## Preparation

To make poppy milk, one or two glasses of poppy seeds are needed. The poppy seeds are soaked in some hot water for a day or so, changing the water over time, until the seeds become soft. Then the poppy seeds are crushed in a food processor (or traditionally with a pestle in a mortar), until a white liquid comes out. Some cold water is added (preferably water that has been boiled, and cooled), and the poppy seeds are strained and crushed once more. This process is repeated several times in order to get a good poppy milk concentrate. Then, the poppy milk concentrate is diluted with some cold boiled water (the quantity of the water used, is a matter of taste, and certain family preferences, but the flavor of the poppy seeds should be pronounced). Finally, some sugar or honey is added to sweeten the poppy seed milk.

## Additional usage

Although traditionally served during the Christmas holiday, in modern times poppy milk has additional uses. It has been suggested as a sleep aid. There is limited information on poppy milk's effects, but studies on poppy seeds have shown promise.

Poppy milk has also been used as a milk substitute. Using poppy seed milk as a milk substitute is not a new application, but it is not frequently included in studies of milk alternatives.

## InfoBox

Poppy milk
| Poppy milk with poppy pastries | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | Lithuania |
| Flavour | Sweet |
| Ingredients | Poppy seeds, water |


title: Hafedh Zouabi

abstract: Hafedh Zouabi is a Tunisian handball coach of the Tunisian national team.

text:
# Hafedh Zouabi

**Hafedh Zouabi** (born 7 February 1961) is a Tunisian handball coach of the Tunisian national team.

## Biography

He joined from a young age the JS Kairouan with which he played in 1977 the final of the Tunisia Cup for cadets, before joining the senior team in 1980 and establishing himself in his first year as a goalscorer since he reached the final of the championship, notably scoring eleven goals in the semi-final.

It was not long before he was called up to the national team "B" then "A" in 1981. He won the university handball championship with the team from the National Sports Institute in passing and contested in 1982 the final of the cup of Tunisia.

In 1983–1984, he was recruited Club Africain with which he won several titles.

Armed with his physical education teacher and handball coaching diplomas, he devoted himself in 1990 to the coaching career and led numerous teams in Tunisia and abroad, including notably the Jordanian and Tunisian teams. He was responsible for preparing for the world tournament in Gdańsk (Poland) counting towards the qualifications for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

| Hafedh Zouabi | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1961-02-07) 7 February 1961<br>Kairouan, Tunisia | | |
| Nationality | Tunisian | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Club Africain (Manager) | | |
| Teams managed | | | |
| Years | **Team** |
| 2000–2002 | AS Hammamet | | |
| 2001–2012 | Jordan | | |
| 2003-2005 | Al Ahli SC (Qatar) | | |
| 2005–2009 | Club Africain | | |
| 2009–2010 | AS Hammamet | | |
| 2009–2011 | Tunisia (youth) | | |
| 2012-2015 | Al Ahli SC (Qatar) | | |
| 2015–2016 | Club Africain | | |
| 2016–2017 | Tunisia | | |
| 2017– | Club Africain | | |


title: Ostedes laterifusca

abstract: Ostedes laterifusca is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1969.

text:
# Ostedes laterifusca

***Ostedes laterifusca*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1969.

## InfoBox

| *Ostedes laterifusca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Ostedes*** |
| Species: | ***O. laterifusca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ostedes laterifusca***<br>Breuning, 1969 | |
|


title: The Nightingale in the Mountains

abstract: The Nightingale in the Mountains is a 1958 Spanish musical film directed by Antonio del Amo and starring Joselito, Roberto Camardiel and Dolores Villaespesa. Written by Jaime Garcia-Herranz with the original title of Once upon a time there was a shepherd it is the last film of what was called the Nightingale trilogy, which included The Little Nightingale (1956) and The Song of the Nightingale (1957). The film's sets were designed by Enrique Alarcón. It was filmed in the Spanish locations of Alcalá de la Selva and Mora de Rubielos, as per the insistence of the writer, Jaime Garcia-Herranz, natural of Mora de Rubielos.

text:
# The Nightingale in the Mountains

***The Nightingale in the Mountains*** (Spanish: ***El ruiseñor de las cumbres***) is a 1958 Spanish musical film directed by Antonio del Amo and starring Joselito, Roberto Camardiel and Dolores Villaespesa. Written by Jaime Garcia-Herranz with the original title of *Once upon a time there was a shepherd* (Spanish: Era una vez un pastor) it is the last film of what was called the Nightingale trilogy, which included *The Little Nightingale (Spanish: El Pequeño Ruiseñor)* (1956) and *The Song of the Nightingale* (Spanish: *Saeta del ruiseñor*) (1957).

The film's sets were designed by Enrique Alarcón. It was filmed in the Spanish locations of Alcalá de la Selva and Mora de Rubielos, as per the insistence of the writer, Jaime Garcia-Herranz, natural of Mora de Rubielos.

## Plot

Joselito is a boy, with a prodigious voice, who spends most of his time in the mountains taking care of a flock of sheep. One fine day he discovers that the fruit of his work ends in drunkenness for his father and decides to try his luck in life through music, for which he associates with the cunning Peppino.

## Cast

* Joselito as Joselito
* Roberto Camardiel as Peppino
* Dolores Villaespesa as Manuela, Joselito's mother
* Antonio Casas as Sebastián, Joselito's father
* Aníbal Vela as owner of the villa
* Félix Fernández as Dueño puesto de feria
* José Moratalla as Crispín
* Adela Carboné
* Domingo Rivas as Don Javier
* Rosa Fúster
* Juan García Delgado as Alcalde
* Juana Cáceres as owner's wife
* José Cuenca as Sr. Félix
* Francisco Gómez Delgado as doctor
* Emilia Zambrano
* Mery Leyva as Camarera
* María Teresa Campos as visitor at the villa
* Carmelo G. Robledo
* José Mayordomo

## InfoBox

| The Nightingale in the Mountains | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Spanish | *El ruiseñor de las cumbres* |
|  | |
| Directed by | Antonio del Amo |
| Written by | Jaime García-Herranz |
| Produced by | Cesáreo González |
| Starring | Joselito
Roberto Camardiel
Dolores Villaespesa |
| Cinematography | Juan Mariné |
| Edited by | Petra de Nieva |
| Music by | Augusto Algueró |
| Production
companies | Argos P.C.
Suevia Films |
| Distributed by | Suevia Films |
| Release date | * 15 December 1958 (1958-12-15) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | Spain |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Iochroma fuchsioides

abstract: Iochroma fuchsioides is an Iochroma species found in Ecuador and Colombia. It was first described in 1848. In addition to the known withanolide D {1}, three new withanolides have been isolated from Iochroma fuchsioides.

text:
# Iochroma fuchsioides

***Iochroma fuchsioides*** is an *Iochroma* species found in Ecuador and Colombia. It was first described in 1848. In addition to the known withanolide D {1}, three new withanolides have been isolated from *Iochroma fuchsioides*.

## InfoBox

| *Iochroma fuchsioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | *Iochroma* |
| Species: | ***I. fuchsioides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Iochroma fuchsioides***
(Bonpl.) Miers | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Iochroma puniceum* Werderm.
*Iochroma sodiroi* Dammer
*Lycium fuchsioides* Bonpl. | |


title: Hexanitroethane

abstract: Hexanitroethane (HNE) is an organic compound with chemical formula C2N6O12 or (O2N)3C-C(NO2)3. It is a solid matter with a melting point of 135 °C. Hexanitroethane is used in some pyrotechnic compositions as a nitrogen-rich oxidizer, e.g. in some decoy flare compositions and some propellants. Like hexanitrobenzene, HNE is investigated as a gas source for explosively pumped gas dynamic laser. A composition of HNE as oxidizer with boron as fuel is being investigated as a new explosive.

text:
# Hexanitroethane

**Hexanitroethane** (**HNE**) is an organic compound with chemical formula C2N6O12 or (O2N)3C-C(NO2)3. It is a solid matter with a melting point of 135 °C.

Hexanitroethane is used in some pyrotechnic compositions as a nitrogen-rich oxidizer, e.g. in some decoy flare compositions and some propellants. Like hexanitrobenzene, HNE is investigated as a gas source for explosively pumped gas dynamic laser.

A composition of HNE as oxidizer with boron as fuel is being investigated as a new explosive.

## Preparation

The first synthesis was described by Wilhelm Will in 1914, using the reaction between the potassium salt of tetranitroethane with nitric acid.

C2(NO2)4K2 \+ 4 HNO3 → C2(NO2)6 \+ 2 KNO3 \+ 2 H2O

A practicable method for industrial use starts with furfural, which first undergoes oxidative ring-opening by bromine to mucobromic acid. In the following step, mucobromic acid is reacted with potassium nitrite at just below room temperature to form the dipotassium salt of 2,3,3-trinitropropanal. The final product is obtained by nitration with nitric acid and sulfuric acid at −60 °C.

## Properties

The thermal decomposition of hexanitroethane has been detected at 60 °C upwards in both the solid and solution phases. Above 140 °C, this can occur explosively. The decomposition is first order and is significantly faster in solution than in the solid. For the solid, the following reaction can be formulated:

C2(NO2)6 → 3 NO2 \+ NO + N2O + 2 CO2

For the decomposition in solution, tetranitroethylene is first formed and can be trapped and detected as a Diels–Alder adduct, for example with anthracene or cyclopentadiene.

1. Compatibility Testing of Hexanitroethane with Boron Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
2. Will, W. (1914). "Über das Hexanitro-äthan". *Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft* (in German). **47** (1): 961–965. doi:10.1002/cber.191404701154.
3. US 3101379, "Synthesis of hexanitroethane", issued 1961-01-04
4. Taylor, G. (2015). "MUCOBROMIC ACID". *Organic Syntheses*: 11–12. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.000.0011.
5. Marshall, Henry P.; Borgardt, Frank G.; Noble, Paul (1965). "Thermal Decomposition of Hexanitroethane 1a,b". *The Journal of Physical Chemistry*. **69** (1): 25–29. doi:10.1021/j100885a007. ISSN 0022-3654.
6. Bretherick, L. (18 March 2017). *Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical hazards*. Urben, P. G. (8th ed.). Amsterdam. pp. 240–241. ISBN 978-0-08-101059-4. OCLC 982005430.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
7. Griffin, T. Scott; Baum, Kurt (1980). "Tetranitroethylene. In situ formation and Diels-Alder reactions". *The Journal of Organic Chemistry*. **45** (14): 2880–2883. doi:10.1021/jo01302a024. ISSN 0022-3263.
8. Tzeng, Dongjaw; Baum, Kurt (1983). "Reactions of hexanitroethane with alcohols". *The Journal of Organic Chemistry*. **48** (26): 5384–5385. doi:10.1021/jo00174a053. ISSN 0022-3263.

## InfoBox

Hexanitroethane
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Hexanitroethane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.011.857 |
| EC Number | * 213-042-1 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C2N6O12/c9-3(10)1(4(11)12,5(13)14)2(6(15)16,7(17)18)8(19)20 YKey: CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C2N6O12/c9-3(10)1(4(11)12,5(13)14)2(6(15)16,7(17)18)8(19)20Key: CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYAX | |
| SMILES * C(C(\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])(\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])(\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])(\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C2N6O12 |
| Molar mass | 300.0544 |
| Melting point | 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | Nitroethane
Tetranitromethane
Trinitromethane
Hexanitrobenzene
Octanitrocubane |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Monageer

abstract: Monageer, or Monagear, is a small village situated in the centre of County Wexford, in Ireland. It is located a few kilometres roughly northeast of Enniscorthy town. Monageer village contains a shop, a pub, a primary school, and a Roman Catholic church. It also contains the local GAA club Monageer Boolavogue which was founded in 1886. An award-winning sensory path and grotto walk was opened in 2018.

text:
# Monageer

**Monageer** (Irish: *Móin na gCaor*), or **Monagear**, is a small village situated in the centre of County Wexford, in Ireland. It is located a few kilometres roughly northeast of Enniscorthy town.

Monageer village contains a shop, a pub, a primary school, and a Roman Catholic church (with adjoining cemetery). It also contains the local GAA club Monageer Boolavogue which was founded in 1886. An award-winning sensory path and grotto walk was opened in 2018.

## People

Peter Daly was an Irish Socialist and Republican who fought in the Irish War of Independence as well as serving as a volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, where he died serving with the International Brigades. Born in Liverpool in 1903, his family returned to Monageer at the end of 1911. There is a memorial in Monageer commemorating his life and struggle.

1. "Móin na gCaor/Monagear". *Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie)*. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
2. Monageer Church. Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
3. "From Monageer to Spain – The Story of Peter Daly".
4. "Memorial erected to man who died fighting fascism". *WexfordPeople.ie*.

## InfoBox

| Monageer *Móin na gCaor* (Irish) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MonageerLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°31′51″N 6°28′24″W / 52.5308°N 6.4733°W / 52.5308; -6.4733 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | Wexford |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Area code | 053 |


title: Ignatius Peter IV

abstract: Mor Ignatius Peter IV, also known as Ignatius Peter III, was the Patriarch of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1872 until his death in 1894. He is regarded by many as the architect of the modern church.

text:
# Ignatius Peter IV

**Mor** **Ignatius Peter IV** (1798  8 October 1894), also known as **Ignatius Peter III**, was the Patriarch of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1872 until his death in 1894. He is regarded by many as the architect of the modern church.

## Early life

Peter was born in the city of Mosul in 1798 into a well known Christian family and spent his childhood at the Monastery of Mor Hananyo, where he would later become a monk and also be ordained as a priest. In 1846, Peter was ordained metropolitan bishop of Damascus by the Patriarch Ignatius Elias II and adopted the name Julius.

## Metropolitan Bishop

As metropolitan, Peter engaged and succeeded in a dispute with the Syriac Catholic Church over ownership of various ancient churches and monasteries within his diocese and as a result recovered many for the Syriac Orthodox Church.

On 2 June 1866, Peter allegedly consecrated the French Presbyterian minister Jules Ferrette as Bishop of Iona, giving him a mission to introduce Oriental Orthodoxy to the West. No original document of this alleged consecration is known to exist; Ferrette published what he claimed was an English translation of his Syrian consecration document after he arrived in London.

At the time of Ignatius Jacob II's death, in 1871, Peter was staying in Constantinople and could not travel to Mardin for the patriarchal election. However, the synod unanimously elected him as patriarch. At first he declined the position, but under continuous persuasion Peter was consecrated Patriarch on 16 June 1872 at the Monastery of Mor Hananyo, upon which he assumed the Patriarchal name Ignatius.

## Patriarch of Antioch

Soon after he became patriarch, Peter renovated the Monastery of Mor Hananyo and ordained Rabban Abded Sattuf as Metropolitan of Jerusalem under the name Gregorius. In 1873, he moved to Constantinople where he was recognised by the Ottoman government as the official Syriac Orthodox Patriarch and received the appropriate rights.

### Church in India

Whilst staying at Constantinople, the Patriarch received a letter from Pulikottil Mor Dionysius and Edavazikkal Philipose Corepiscopos seeking help resolving problems caused by the Metropolitan Athanasius, who had already been suspended by both Ignatius Elias II and Ignatius Jacob II for carrying out an Anglican reformation of the Malankara Syrian Church.

After consulting with various metropolitans, the Patriarch and metropolitan Mor Gregorius Abded Sattuf of Jerusalem left Constantinople on 24 August 1874 for Britain to discuss the issue with the British government. Arriving in September, they met with the British government officials and appealed to the Marquess of Salisbury, the Secretary of State for India at the time. Peter was at first received with hostility from Archibald Campbell Tait, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who had received word from Protestant bishops in India that Athanasius deserved the support of the Church of England.

However, the Patriarch impressed the British public with his knowledge of the Bible and as a result held audience with Queen Victoria and the British Government asked the governor of Madras Presidency to consider his cause. Also, whilst staying in Britain, Peter arranged for a printing press to be sent to the Monastery of Mor Hananyo. In April 1875, the Patriarch and the metropolitan sailed to India via Egypt and reached Bombay in May. They met Pulikottil Mor Dionysius in June at the city of Pune and travelled from there to Madras to meet the governor to convince him of their cause. After meeting with the governor, he agreed to help him and the Patriarch soon left for Malabar again.

In March 1876, the Kingdom of Travancore revoked state sponsorship of the CMS and a decree was issued disavowing the state's right to interfere in the affairs of the church. In July, the Patriarch convened the first Mulanthuruthy Synod which made many organisational and administrative decisions. The major arrangements were:

* Formation of 'Malankara Syrian Christian Association Committee' a representative body for the Malankara Syrian Church and consisting of 24 elected members thus introducing a democratic set up of administration.
* Division of Malankara Church into six archdioceses and ordination of a metropolitan for each archdiocese.

### Return to Syria

In May 1877, the Patriarch left India and visited the churches of Egypt before arriving in Jerusalem and travelled to Constantinople where he established a new church in the name of the Virgin Mary. He later returned to the Monastery of Mor Hananyo where he would reside for his remaining years. The Patriarch died on 8 October 1894 whilst at Mardin and was buried at Beth Qadishe.

## InfoBox

| Ignatius Peter IV | |
| --- | --- |
| Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East | |
|  | |
| Church | Syriac Orthodox Church |
| See | Antioch |
| Installed | 1872 |
| Term ended | 1894 |
| Predecessor | Ignatius Jacob II |
| Successor | Ignatius Abdul Masih II |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Boutros ibn Salmo Mesko
1798
Mosul, Mosul Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 8 October 1894 ( aged 95-96)
Mardin, Ottoman Empire |
| Residence | Monastery of Mor Hananyo |


title: Waun Camddwr

abstract: Waun Camddwr is a top of Aran Fawddwy in the south of the Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, Wales. It is the highest point on a wide boggy area between the summits of Aran Fawddwy and Glasgwm. It was surveyed after the first Nuttall list was compiled, and found to have just enough prominence to be included. The summit is a rocky outcrop amid an area of heather, long grass and peat bog. Gwaun y Llwyni rises to the south of the summit.

text:
# Waun Camddwr

**Waun Camddwr** is a top of Aran Fawddwy in the south of the Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, Wales. It is the highest point on a wide boggy area between the summits of Aran Fawddwy and Glasgwm. It was surveyed after the first Nuttall list was compiled, and found to have just enough prominence to be included. The summit is a rocky outcrop amid an area of heather, long grass and peat bog. Gwaun y Llwyni rises to the south of the summit.

52°46′11″N 3°42′37″W / 52.76972°N 3.71028°W / 52.76972; -3.71028

## InfoBox

| Waun Camddwr | |
| --- | --- |
| The summit of Waun Camddwr with Aran Fawddwy (behind) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 622 m (2,041 ft) |
| Prominence | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Parent peak | Aran Fawddwy |
| Listing | Nuttall |
| Naming | |
| Language of name | Welsh |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Gwynedd, Wales |
| Parent range | Snowdonia |
| OS grid | SH8471320510 |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 124 |


title: Ostedes discovitticollis

abstract: Ostedes discovitticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956.

text:
# Ostedes discovitticollis

***Ostedes discovitticollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956.

## InfoBox

| *Ostedes discovitticollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Ostedes*** |
| Species: | ***O. discovitticollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ostedes discovitticollis***<br>Breuning, 1956 | |
|


title: ISIAQ

abstract: The International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ) is a non-profit scientific organization seeking to advance and support the creation of healthy and comfortable indoor building environments. In 1992, the institution of ISIAQ was decided by a group of 109 international scientists and other multidisciplinary practitioners following the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate in Toronto, 1990.

text:
# ISIAQ

The **International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate** (ISIAQ) is a non-profit scientific organization seeking to advance and support the creation of healthy and comfortable indoor building environments. In 1992, the institution of ISIAQ was decided by a group of 109 international scientists and other multidisciplinary practitioners following the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (also known as Indoor Air '90) in Toronto, 1990.

## Journal

The society owns a journal, *Indoor Environments* ISSN 2950-3620, which is published by Elsevier. It formerly had *Indoor Air*, owned by Wiley, as its official journal, but the society ended that relationship after Wiley decided to move the journal to an open access model effective October 11, 2022 and the journal's editors resigned in response.

## Academy of Fellows

In 1991, the International Academy of Indoor Air Sciences (IAIAS) was founded to promote the practice of research and outstanding service of the indoor air sciences. The IAIAS merged with ISIAQ and changed into the Academy of Fellows in 2005.

Its members are composed of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary scientists involved in all aspects of indoor air quality, government and regulatory, environmental and occupational health professionals, medical practitioners, engineers in the fields of construction and air-conditioning, architects and building owners and managers.

1. "President - Ying Xu - International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate".
2. "International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate Profile". *www.environmental-expert.com*. Archived from the original on 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
3. "About Us - International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate". *www.isiaq.org*. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
4. Nazaroff, William W. (2012). "ISIAQ and the Academy of Fellows". *Indoor Air*. **22** (5): 353–355. Bibcode:2012InAir..22..353N. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00798.x. ISSN 1600-0668. PMID 22963238.
5. "International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Santa Cruz, USA". *10times.com*. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
6. "Indoor Air Journal Update". *International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate*. 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
7. Salthammer, T.; Li, Y.; Corsi, R.; Tham, K. W.; Wargocki, P. (2017). "ISIAQ Academy Awards 2016". *Indoor Air*. **27** (4): 705–707. Bibcode:2017InAir..27..705S. doi:10.1111/ina.12376. ISSN 1600-0668. PMID 28631263.
8. *Yearbook of International Organizations*. Union of International Associations. 2011. ISBN 9789004203723.
9. "International Academy of Indoor Air Sciences | UIA Yearbook Profile | Union of International Associations". *uia.org*. Archived from the original on 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
10. Hansen, Shirley J.; Burroughs, H. E. Burroughs (2013-04-16). "12". *Managing Indoor Air Quality Fifth Edition*. Lulu Press, Inc. p. 234. ISBN 9781105847974.
11. Teo, Lynne; The Lab (1999-07-02). "Australia's fresh approach to indoor air quality". *www.abc.net.au*. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
12. "Mark Mendell | Indoor Environment Group". *Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory*. Retrieved 2019-06-10.

## InfoBox

International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | ISIAQ |
| Formation | 1992 |
| Type | Scientific society |
| Tax ID no. | 30-0509700 |
| Legal status | 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization |
| Headquarters | Herndon, VA |
| Location |  |
| Region | Worldwide |
| Membership | 850 |
| Official language | English |
| President | Ying Xu |
| Staff | 2 |
| Website | www.isiaq.org |


title: The Phantom Family Halo

abstract: The Phantom Family Halo is an American indie rock band from Louisville in Kentucky notable for music described as having a "post-metal state of ungodly loudness" while managing to achieve a "neat creepy B-movie horror feel." The six-member band, currently based in Brooklyn, has performed with bands such as Black Angels, Black Mountain, Dead Meadow, USAisamonster, Hawkwind, Slint, Damo Suzuki, Acid Mothers Guru Guru, Stormtrippers, Russian Circles, Young Widows, Sapat, The For Carnation, and Bonnie "Prince" Billy. The band signed a recording contract with Knitting Factory Records in 2011.

text:
# The Phantom Family Halo

**The Phantom Family Halo** is an American indie rock band from Louisville in Kentucky notable for music described as having a "post-metal state of ungodly loudness" while managing to achieve a "neat creepy B-movie horror feel." The six-member band, currently based in Brooklyn, has performed with bands such as Black Angels, Black Mountain, Dead Meadow, USAisamonster, Hawkwind, Slint, Damo Suzuki, Acid Mothers Guru Guru, Stormtrippers, Russian Circles, Young Widows, Sapat, The For Carnation, and Bonnie "Prince" Billy. The band signed a recording contract with Knitting Factory Records in 2011.

## Louisville beginnings

Band members include Michael McMahan, who also plays with the Louisville band Slint, and Dominic Cipolla of Sapat. They frequently collaborated with other musicians active in the Louisville music scene. In 2009, the group released a double LP entitled *Monoliths & These Flowers Never Die* on Karate Body Records. In 2010, the band performed in Louisville's *Cropped Out Festival*. A report in *Twin Cities Music* in Minneapolis described one of the band's live performances:

> They opened with a fade-in chant, and oscillated between hippie-with-a-knife and palms-up rock, their sound amalgamated from Clinic and/or Suicide and/or the "lovely" lo-fi four-tracked trend sweeping the nation and/or psych bands with modern gear.

Band member Cipolla described his relation to music:

> Music is therapy for everything in my life, so I only hope to achieve a even closer relationship with it. It's like a book of potions, learning how to conjure up all kinds of different spells.
>
> Dominic Cipolla, November 2009 in *The Courier-Journal*

In 2011 the band recorded songs with Bonnie Prince Billy and included them on their album *The Mindeater*. The release date for *Mindeater* was set for September 27, 2011.

## Music reviews

A review in *The Guardian* described the band as a "new heavy psych band" which "dwells in a post-metal state of ungodly loudness," and compared their music to Tonys McPhee and Iommi. *Prefix Magazine* described the upcoming *Mindeater* album as "spooked-out country" similar to the Palace Brothers using a "downcast slide guitar motif" with singing described as a "cracked vocal delivery" which was "mired in murky lo-fi production values." Reviewer Nick Neyland added that one song has a "neat creepy B-movie horror feel." A review by John Zeiss in *Prefix Magazine* described the band's sound as psychedelic rock and compared it to bands such as Scott Walker and 13th Floor Elevators. Reviewer Joel Hunt described the band as "inventive." A review in *Brooklyn Rocks* described the 2LP *Monoliths & These Flowers Never Die* as a "brain-melting slab of acid rock" similar to Hawkwind and Spacemen 3.

## Discography

* "Raven Town Witch" (Sophomore Lounge Records) 2014
* "Francis Jewel Don't Be Afraid Of The Jungle" (Galtta Media) 2013
* "When I Fall Out" Knitting Factory Records 2011
* *The Mindeater* (with Bonnie 'Prince' Billy)(vinyl on Sophomore Lounge Records, CD and digital on Knitting Factory Records) 2011
* *Music From Italian TV* (Sophomore Lounge Records) 2010
* *Hurricane Fighter Plane* split 7inch /Meah (Sophomore Lounge Records) 2009
* *Monoliths & These Flowers Never Die*, 2009, Karate Body Records
* *The Legend Of Black Six* (blackvelvetfuckeree records) 2006

## InfoBox

| The Phantom Family Halo | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Louisville, KY, USA |
| Genres | Experimental, Psychedelic, Indie music |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels | Knitting Factory Records |
|  | |
| Members | Dominic Cipolla, David Lackner, Ben Lord, Christian Lee |
|  | |
| Past members | Michael McMahan, Corey Smith, Tony Bailey, Axel Cooper, Neal Arghabright, Alan the Egyptian, Stephen Shoemaker, William Benton |
|  | |
| Website | knittingfactoryrecords.com/artists/phantom-family-halo |


title: Iochpe-Maxion

abstract: Iochpe-Maxion S.A. is an automobile components manufacturer based in São Paulo, Brazil.

text:
# Iochpe-Maxion

**Iochpe-Maxion S.A.** is an automobile components manufacturer based in São Paulo, Brazil.

## Overview

The company has 25 industrial units, three offices and nearly 19 thousand employees located in 14 countries.

The Iochpe Maxion Group operates two divisions in the automotive sector: **Maxion Wheels** and **Maxion Structural Components**. Maxion Wheels manufactures and trades a wide range of steel wheels for light and commercial vehicles and farm machinery, and aluminum wheels for light vehicles. Maxion Structural Components produces mainly sidemembers, crossmembers and complete chassis for commercial vehicles and structural stamped items for light vehicles.

**AmstedMaxion** produces freight cars, wheels and railway and industrial castings for the railway sector. It operates through a joint venture.

## History

Iochpe-Maxion was founded in 1918 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

In August 2009, the company purchased the wheels business of ArvinMeritor in Brazil, Mexico and the United States, which was then named "Fumagalli Division".

In December 2010, aiming at increasing its production capacity in Mexico, the company purchased the wheels business of Nugar S.A.P.I. de C.V., a Mexican company controlled by the CIE Automotive group.

## Subsidiaries

### Maxion Wheels

Maxion Wheels has 20 facilities located in 14 countries around the world. The Company sells wheels to manufacturers of passenger cars and commercial highway vehicles.

(rif: company site )

### Maxion Structural Components

Maxion Structural Components manufactures and sells structural components for trucks, buses, pick-ups, cars, tractors, agricultural machinery and off-road vehicles. Maxion Structural Components has nearly 5,000 employees and manufacturing 08 plants distributed in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Mexico.

### Amsted Maxion

A pioneer, AmstedMaxion serves all railways and their users in Brazil and abroad, including freight car leasing companies. In the largest steel casting plant of South America, parts of up to 6 tons are manufactured for application on machinery and industries of civil construction, mining, siderurgy, automobile and railway.

## InfoBox

Iochpe-Maxion S.A.
|
|  |
| Company type | Sociedade Anônima |
| Traded as | B3: MYPK3 |
| Industry | Wheel <br>Rail |
| Founded | 1918 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
| Founders | Gregorio Iochpe, Miguel Ioschpe, Moyses Ioschpe, Salomao Ioschpe and Israel Iochpe |
| Headquarters | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Website | www.iochpe.com.br |


title: New Zealand Journal of History

abstract:
The New Zealand Journal of History is an academic journal covering the history of New Zealand. It has been published by the University of Auckland since 1967. A microfilm version was published between 1967 and 2021. A compilation of articles that appeared between 1967 and 2000 was published in 2001. The compilation included items about Māori history:
  - Judith Binney, Māori oral narratives, Pākehā written texts : two forms of telling history
  - Tipene O'Regan, Old myths and new politics : some contemporary uses of traditional history
  - J.G.A. Pocock, Tangata whenua and enlightenment anthropology
  - Claudia Orange, An exercise in Māori autonomy : the rise and demise of the Māori War Effort Organization
  - Angela Ballara, Wāhine rangatira : Māori women of rank and their role in the women's kotahitanga movement of the 1890s
  - R.M. Ross, Te Tiriti o Waitangi : texts and translations
  - Alan Ward, History and historians before the Waitangi Tribunal : some reflections on the Ngāi Tahu claim
  - Vincent O'Malley, Treaty making in early colonial New Zealand

text:
# New Zealand Journal of History

The ***New Zealand Journal of History*** is an academic journal covering the history of New Zealand. It has been published by the University of Auckland since 1967.

A microfilm version was published between 1967 and 2021.

A compilation of articles that appeared between 1967 and 2000 was published in 2001.

The compilation included items about Māori history:

Judith Binney, Māori oral narratives, Pākehā written texts : two forms of telling history Tipene O'Regan, Old myths and new politics : some contemporary uses of traditional history J.G.A. Pocock, Tangata whenua and enlightenment anthropology Claudia Orange, An exercise in Māori autonomy : the rise and demise of the Māori War Effort Organization Angela Ballara, Wāhine rangatira : Māori women of rank and their role in the women's kotahitanga movement of the 1890s R.M. Ross, Te Tiriti o Waitangi : texts and translations Alan Ward, History and historians before the Waitangi Tribunal : some reflections on the Ngāi Tahu claim Vincent O'Malley, Treaty making in early colonial New Zealand

## InfoBox

*New Zealand Journal of History*
| Discipline | History of New Zealand |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1967–present |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *N. Z. J. Hist.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0028-8322
 |


title: Viricelles

abstract: Viricelles is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

text:
# Viricelles

**Viricelles** (French pronunciation: \[viʁisɛl\]) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 216 |  |
| 1975 | 204 | −0.81% |
| 1982 | 237 | +2.17% |
| 1990 | 283 | +2.24% |
| 1999 | 333 | +1.82% |
| 2009 | 417 | +2.27% |
| 2014 | 463 | +2.11% |
| 2020 | 445 | −0.66% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Viricelles | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Viricelles | |
| ViricellesViricelles | |
| Coordinates: 45°39′12″N 4°22′36″E / 45.6533°N 4.3767°E / 45.6533; 4.3767 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Loire |
| Arrondissement | Montbrison |
| Canton | Feurs |
| Intercommunality | Monts du Lyonnais |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Raphaël Moreton |
| Area**1** | 2 km2 (0.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 447 |
| Density | 220/km2 (580/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 42335 /42140 |
| Elevation | 477–593 m (1,565–1,946 ft)
(avg. 570 m or 1,870 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Monagea GAA

abstract: Monagea GAA club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the parish of Monagea, County Limerick, Ireland. The club was founded in 1896 and fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football. Players from this parish have won both All Ireland hurling and football medals at the top level. Willie Hough won two hurling medals, in 1918 and 1921 and Ned Cregan won an All Ireland Hurling medal in 1934, While Larry Sheahan won a football medal with Limerick in 1896 and another with Dublin ten years later. The club's ladies football team won the Limerick Senior County Championship three times in a row, in 2021, 2022 and 2023.

text:
# Monagea GAA

**Monagea GAA** club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the parish of Monagea, County Limerick, Ireland. The club was founded in 1896 and fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.

Players from this parish have won both All Ireland hurling and football medals at the top level. Willie Hough won two hurling medals, in 1918 and 1921 and Ned Cregan won an All Ireland Hurling medal in 1934, While Larry Sheahan won a football medal with Limerick in 1896 and another with Dublin ten years later.

The club's ladies football team won the Limerick Senior County Championship three times in a row, in 2021, 2022 and 2023.

## InfoBox

Monagea
| *Móin na nGé* | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded: | 1896 |
| County: | Limerick |
| Colours: | Green and gold |
| Grounds: | Páirc na nGael, Monagea |
| Playing kits | |
|  | |
| Senior Club Championships | |
| All Ireland Munster
champions Limerick
champions  Football:     Hurling: | |


title: Illumitoon Entertainment

abstract: Illumitoon Entertainment was a production company based in Fort Worth, Texas that specialized in anime. It was founded in January 2006 by former Funimation executives Stephanie Giotes, Richard Ray, and Barry Watson. Illumitoon's goal was to have its shows aired on television and offer unedited dual language DVDs.

text:
# Illumitoon Entertainment

**Illumitoon Entertainment** was a production company based in Fort Worth, Texas that specialized in anime. It was founded in January 2006 by former Funimation executives Stephanie Giotes, Richard Ray, and Barry Watson. Illumitoon's goal was to have its shows aired on television and offer unedited dual language DVDs.

## History

Illumitoon shared facilities with CRM Productions in Fort Worth, Texas and Westlake Entertainment was used for distribution. The company's first anime license was Beet the Vandel Buster and Beet the Vandel Buster Excellion. They also licensed AM Driver, B't X, and BT'X Neo. Illumitoon joined with Westlake for the licensing of Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo. Several Illumitoon releases had production issues including music being changed, the use of dubtitles (subtitles created from the dub script), and inoperable discs. Replacements with translated subtitles were offered for the first DVDs of Beet, Bobo, and B't X that were later found to be DVD-Rs. AM Driver and B't X were licensed by The Anime Network for VOD, but only 14 episodes of each series had a complete dub. After Westlake ceased distribution of their titles, future releases from Illumitoon were cancelled in late 2007.

## Post Illumitoon

AM Driver was never released on DVD and all series remained incomplete until S'more Entertainment relicensed Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo. This release also experienced issues due to the lack of subtitles. B't X was relicensed in 2016 by Anime Midstream.

## Further reading

* Newtype USA January 2007 - Vol. 6 No. 1 "Bobobo-bo on DVD". p. 21

## InfoBox

Illumitoon Entertainment
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Anime |
| Founded | 2006 |
| Founder | Stephanie Giotes, Richard Ray, and Barry Watson |
| Defunct | 2007 (2007) |
| Fate | Defunct |
| Headquarters | Fort Worth, Texas, United States |
| Key people | Barry Watson President/CEO |


title: Joseph R. Hudelson

abstract: Joseph Russell Hudelson, sometimes referred to as J. R. Hudelson or J. R. Huddelson, was an American football player and coach. He served as the co-head football coach with Gustave Ferbert at Indiana University—now known as Indiana University Bloomington—for one season in 1894,compiling a record of 0–4–1. A native of Owensville, Indiana, Hudelson attended Purdue University, where he played halfback and quarterback from 1892 to 1893. He also played for Northwestern University in 1895 and at end for the 1895 Chicago Athletic Association football team. Hudelson died on December 16, 1944, at his home in Chicago.

text:
# Joseph R. Hudelson

**Joseph Russell Hudelson** (October 8, 1871 – December 16, 1944), sometimes referred to as **J. R. Hudelson** or **J. R. Huddelson**, was an American football player and coach. He served as the co-head football coach with Gustave Ferbert at Indiana University—now known as Indiana University Bloomington—for one season in 1894,compiling a record of 0–4–1. A native of Owensville, Indiana, Hudelson attended Purdue University, where he played halfback and quarterback from 1892 to 1893. He also played for Northwestern University in 1895 and at end for the 1895 Chicago Athletic Association football team.

Hudelson died on December 16, 1944, at his home in Chicago.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Indiana Hoosiers** *(Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1894) | | | | | | | | |
| 1894 | Indiana | 0–4–1 | 0–4 |  |  |
| **Indiana:** | | 0–4–1 | 0–4 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 0–4–1 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Joseph R. Hudelson
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1871-10-08)October 8, 1871 |
| Died | December 16, 1944(1944-12-16) (aged 73)<br>Chicago, Illinois, U.S |
| Playing career | |
| 1892–1893 | Purdue |
| 1895 | Northwestern |
| 1895 | Chicago Athletic Association |
|  | |
| Position(s) | End, halfback, quarterback |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1894 | Indiana |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 0–4–1 |
|  | |


title: Waumandee, Wisconsin

abstract: Waumandee is a town in Buffalo County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 472 at the 2010 census. The census-designated place of Waumandee is located in the town. The ghost town that was Anchorage is located in the town.

text:
# Waumandee, Wisconsin

**Waumandee** (/ˈwɔːməndi/ *WAW-mən-dee*) is a town in Buffalo County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 472 at the 2010 census. The census-designated place of Waumandee is located in the town. The ghost town that was Anchorage is located in the town.

## Etymology

The name *Waumandee* is an anglicization of the Dakota word *waŋbdi*, meaning "war eagle." The town was most likely named for a Santee Dakota village leader known as both "War Eagle" and "Black Dog" who signed the First Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1825 under the name "Wa-man-de-tun-ka."

## Geography

Waumandee is located south of the center of Buffalo County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 43.8 square miles (113.4 km2), of which 43.5 square miles (112.7 km2) is land and 0.27 square miles (0.7 km2), or 0.58%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 515 people, 181 households, and 131 families residing in the town. The population density was 11.8 people per square mile (4.5/km2). There were 198 housing units at an average density of 4.5 per square mile (1.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.64% White, 0.78% Native American, 0.58% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population.

There were 181 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,375, and the median income for a family was $48,250. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $21,964 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,214. About 3.0% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Buildings and structures

## Notable people

44°18′11″N 91°42′21″W / 44.30306°N 91.70583°W / 44.30306; -91.70583

## InfoBox

| Waumandee, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Waumandee, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 44°16′56″N 91°42′51″W / 44.28222°N 91.71417°W / 44.28222; -91.71417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Buffalo |
| Area | |
| Total | 43.8 sq mi (113.4 km2) |
| Land | 43.5 sq mi (112.7 km2) |
| Water | 0.3 sq mi (0.7 km2) |
| Elevation | 823 ft (251 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 472 |
| Density | 11/sq mi (4.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 608 |
| FIPS code | 55-84325 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1584373 |


title: Internet Defense League

abstract: The Internet Defense League is an organization and network launched in March 2012 with the aim of organizing protests and other responses to perceived threats to Internet freedom and the open Internet. It was formed following the protests against SOPA and PIPA. It had 30,000 members as of 2013, consisting of organizations, websites, and individuals.

text:
# Internet Defense League

The **Internet Defense League** is an organization and network launched in March 2012 with the aim of organizing protests and other responses to perceived threats to Internet freedom and the open Internet. It was formed following the protests against SOPA and PIPA. It had 30,000 members as of 2013, consisting of organizations, websites, and individuals.

## History

The Internet Defense League site is a creation of the Fight for the Future nonprofit, a group noted for its participation in the anti-SOPA protests of 2011, and Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian. The IDL officially launched on 19 July 2012. It held launch events in San Francisco, New York City, Washington, D.C., London, and Ulaanbaatar.

The IDL received early support from the Mozilla Foundation, WordPress, Reddit, the Cheezburger Network, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Public Knowledge, OpenCongress, Grooveshark, Imgur, Fark, the Tor Project, La Quadrature du Net, and the Center for Democracy and Technology. Wikipedia considered joining the IDL. At launch, it received endorsements from members of U.S. Congress, including Darrell Issa, Ron Wyden, and Jerry Moran.

The IDL opposes CISPA, and in 2013, the IDL was active in organizing against it. Over thirty thousand websites joined their call to oppose it. After the death of Aaron Swartz, they also supported reforming the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

In July 2013, they organized the "Restore the Fourth" campaign, in reference to the fourth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, to protest government surveillance. Thousands of websites participated in the event. They called for laws governing surveillance to be amended, and for Internet users to contact members of U.S. Congress to investigate NSA surveillance programs. They also called for websites to publish the full text of the fourth amendment. In 2015, the organization again protested NSA surveillance.

## Website

According to Tiffiniy Cheng, co-founder of Fight for the Future, the aim of the Defense League site is to sign up thousands of websites, from large organizations to bloggers, who can be mobilized quickly if needed for future anti-piracy legislation protests. They use a "cat signal", inspired by the Bat-Signal. Speaking to CNN about why they chose a cat as their symbol, Cheng said, "There's this academic theory ... that talks about if you ban the ability of people to share cat photos, they'll start protesting en masse". The digital signal is added to supportive websites as a web widget, drawing attention to current protests supported by the IDL.

The site's slogan is "Make sure the Internet never loses. Ever."

## InfoBox

The Internet Defense League
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | Political activism |
| Available in | English |
| Owner | Fight For the Future |
| URL | internetdefenseleague.org |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | None |
| Launched | 19 July 2012 (2012-07-19) |
| Current status | Online |


title: IFK Malmö

abstract: Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Malmö, more commonly known as IFK Malmö, is a Swedish sports club with several departments, located in Malmö. The club was founded on 23 April 1899. The football department of IFK Malmö is one of the oldest football clubs in Sweden.

text:
# IFK Malmö

**Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Malmö**, more commonly known as **IFK Malmö**, is a Swedish sports club with several departments, located in Malmö. The club was founded on 23 April 1899.

The football department of IFK Malmö is one of the oldest football clubs in Sweden.

## Departments

## InfoBox

IFK Malmö
| IFK Malmö logo | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Idrottsföreningen Malmö Sweden |
| Nicknames | Di gule, Kanariefåglarna |
| Sport | football, bandy, handball |
| Founded | 1899 (1899) |
| Based in | Malmö, Sweden |
| Stadium | Malmö Stadion |
| Head coach | Olle Nordin |
| Website | www.ifkmalmo.se |


title: The Phantom Edit

abstract: Star Wars Episode I.I: The Phantom Edit is a fan edit of the film Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, removing many elements of the original film. The purpose of the edit, according to creator Mike J. Nichols, was to make a much stronger version of The Phantom Menace based on the previous execution and philosophies of film storytelling and editing of George Lucas. The Phantom Edit was the first unauthorized re-edit of The Phantom Menace to receive major publicity and acclaim and is also considered the first fan-edit of a feature film ever to be shared by an online audience.

text:
# The Phantom Edit

***Star Wars Episode I.I: The Phantom Edit*** is a fan edit of the film *Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace*, removing many elements of the original film. The purpose of the edit, according to creator Mike J. Nichols, was to make a much stronger version of *The Phantom Menace* based on the previous execution and philosophies of film storytelling and editing of George Lucas. *The Phantom Edit* was the first unauthorized re-edit of *The Phantom Menace* to receive major publicity and acclaim and is also considered the first fan-edit of a feature film ever to be shared by an online audience.

## History

*The Phantom Edit* was originally circulated in Hollywood studios in 2000 and 2001, and was followed by media attention. Salon.com, NPR, PBS, and the BBC all covered the edit to various degrees.

Rumor initially attributed *The Phantom Edit* to Kevin Smith, who admitted to having seen the re-edit but denied that he was the editor. The editor was revealed to be Mike J. Nichols of Santa Clarita, California, in the September 7, 2001, edition of *The Washington Post*.

Available on VHS, DVD and later via BitTorrent, the DVD contains two deleted scenes and a commentary track by the editor as well as a few Easter eggs. The DVD version has also been relabeled as Episode I.II, has a slightly different podrace from the VHS version, and contains more extensive editing to individual images and sounds that have not been entirely cut.

Lucasfilm, the production company of series creator George Lucas, condoned the edit and did not pursue legal action against its distributors.

## Changes

Changes made from the original film in *The Phantom Edit*

* Opening crawl replaced with a new one explaining why the edit was made
* Re-editing of nearly all scenes featuring Jar Jar Binks and removing some of what Nichols dubs 'Jar Jar Antics'
* Removal or re-editing of most of the battle droid dialogue
* Limiting of exposition throughout the film
* Trimming scenes involving politics
* Re-arrangement of shots and scenes to match the original *Star Wars* trilogy's presentation style
* Removal of "yippee" and "oops" from Anakin's dialogue
* Removal of dialogue that specifies the nature of midi-chlorians as a biological basis for Force sensitivity
* Reinstatement of deleted scenes in order to fill in plot holes

There were a total of 18 minutes cut from the original film, reducing the run time from 136 minutes to 119 minutes.

## Reviews

Critics and filmmakers have commented on the original *Phantom Edit*, in most cases providing the approval and recognition which furthered the fan edit movement.

* "Smart editing to say the least" — Kevin Smith, film director
* "...Materialized from out of nowhere was a good film that had been hidden inside the disappointing original one." — Daniel Kraus, *Salon*
* "\[Done by\]; someone with a gift (and equipment) for editing" — Michael Wilmington, *Chicago Tribune* film critic

The 2010 documentary film *The People vs. George Lucas* cites *The Phantom Edit* as a key example of the remix culture created by the *Star Wars* franchise.

## Sequel: *Attack of the Phantom*

Nichols followed up his edits of *Episode I* with an edit of *Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones*.

Called *Star Wars Episode II.I: Attack of the Phantom*, the DVD contains a re-edited version (38 minutes cut, new runtime of 104 minutes) of *Episode II* in surround sound, with a commentary track. At points during the commentary, the viewer has the option to pause the film to view in more detail some of the things that the editor is discussing.


title: Osceola County Courthouse (Florida)

abstract: The Osceola County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Kissimmee, Florida, located at 3 Courthouse Square. On August 16, 1977, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Osceola County Courthouse (Florida)

The **Osceola County Courthouse** (constructed in 1889–90) is a historic courthouse in Kissimmee, Florida, located at 3 Courthouse Square. On August 16, 1977, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

## History

Kissimmee City has the oldest Courthouse in the State of Florida. The county Courthouse was formed in 1887; this county came up about from the parts of Orange and Brevard Counties. To determine the name of the county, the county commissioners decided to hold elections on February 6, 1887; the names they come up with for the county was Kissimmee City, Runnymeade, and Hell or Hades; Kissimmee City won with 421 votes. When the elections were done the committee was formed and they started right away to find a location to build a Courthouse and jail for the new County Seat. The D.B. Stewart family helped purchased the Historic Osceola Courthouse in 1888 for $2,205.32.

The new designs for the Courthouse and a jail were ready in August 1888 so they could start building the blue print "building plans" by F.C. Johnson. The type of design is a Typical of Romanesque revival Courthouse that was constructed throughout the United States during the late 1800s. The Osceola Courthouse building is one of four remaining in Florida. The Romanesque architectural elements for the courthouse include the tower that is above the entrance, the round arches that are on the portico—which is also above the doors, and the segmental arches above the windows. The new County held many elections to help raise bonds for the construction of the Courthouse and jail, the first election was held on March 23, 1889; this election was really close and was won by only two more points. Since the first election they held was a "free and open" election the commissioners of the county decided to hold another election on April 10, 1889. On July 1, 1889 thirty bonds were issued in units of 1,000 each with an interest of 7% to pay the Courthouse and jail construction. The final payment on the Courthouse was paid in July 1909.

The new Courthouse had many maintenance problems; for example, in 1892 there were cracks in the plastered walls. The repairs for the tower and roof were done by J.F.Willson with a charge of $21.00 for the repairs of the Courthouse. The County Jail was wired in 1901 and the county paid its first electric bill on April 2, 1901 of $1.64. The county began to rise in technology in 1902 by purchasing its first typewriter at $175.00, and in 1905 the Courthouse got a telephone. Even just renting the phone alone was $2.50 per month, which also made the electric bill rise to $2.79. In February 1907, the bill was paid to Kissimmee Electric Company $131.16 for it to wire the Courthouse which made the electric bill rise to $8.65.

All types of cases were held in the Courthouse from chicken thievery and the selling of moonshine to high-profile murder cases which all have been heard in the Historic Courthouse building. This Historic Court house has been a "home" to numerous judges, clerks of circuit court, probation and parole, county commissioners, the Sheriff and hundreds of employees throughout the years. Osceola County Courthouse made history on August 16, 1977 and was added to the Historic Register. Although Osceola County built a new and larger Courthouse building, the third floor courtroom of the Historic Courthouse building is still an active courtroom, and Osceola County continues to claim the honor of having the oldest Courthouse still being used in the State of Florida.

This information for this short history of the Osceola County Courthouse was gathered from the book 100 Years of Justice by Robert D. Dietrich.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Osceola County Courthouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Interactive map showing the location of Osceola County Courthouse | |
| Location | Kissimmee, Florida |
| Coordinates | 28°17′28″N 81°24′42″W / 28.29111°N 81.41167°W / 28.29111; -81.41167 |
| Built | 1889–90 |
| Architectural style | Romanesque |
| NRHP reference No. | 77000406 |
| Added to NRHP | August 16, 1977 |


title: Vivian Yusuf

abstract: Vivian Aminu Yusuf is a Nigerian judoka, who played for the half-heavyweight category. She won two silver medals at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria, and at the 2008 African Judo Championships in Agadir, Morocco, both losing out to Tunisia's Houda Miled in the final match. Yusuf represented Nigeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in The Games of the XXIX Olympiad in Beijing, China, where she competed for the women's half-heavyweight class (78 kg). She received a bye for the second preliminary round, before losing out to Germany's Heide Wollert, who was able to score an automatic ippon at thirty-seven seconds.

text:
# Vivian Yusuf

**Vivian Aminu Yusuf** (born 8 August 1983) is a Nigerian judoka, who played for the half-heavyweight category. She won two silver medals at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria, and at the 2008 African Judo Championships in Agadir, Morocco, both losing out to Tunisia's Houda Miled in the final match.

Yusuf represented Nigeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in The Games of the XXIX Olympiad in Beijing, China, where she competed for the women's half-heavyweight class (78 kg). She received a bye for the second preliminary round, before losing out to Germany's Heide Wollert, who was able to score an automatic ippon at thirty-seven seconds.

## InfoBox

Vivian Yusuf
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Vivian Aminu Yusuf |
| Nationality | Nigeria |
| Born | (1983-08-08) 8 August 1983 |
| Weight | 78 kg (172 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Judo |
| Event | 78 kg |
| Coached by | Bashir Bassey (national) |
| Medal record      Women's judo  Representing  Nigeria  All-Africa Games  2007 Algiers  78 kg  African Championships  2008 Agadir  78 kg | |


title: Universal's Endless Summer Resort

abstract: Universal's Endless Summer Resort - Surfside Inn and Suites and Dockside Inn and Suites are a pair of hotels located in Universal Orlando in Orlando, Florida forming a single resort. The resorts are built on the former site of Wet 'n Wild Orlando, which had closed in 2016. The hotels were built as value-level hotels for Universal Orlando. The resort has two themes, with the Surfside hotel being themed to a surfing lifestyle and the Dockside hotel being themed to a coastal retreat. Surfside Inn and Suites opened first on June 27, 2019, and Dockside Inn and Suites opened on December 15, 2020 following a delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

text:
# Universal's Endless Summer Resort

**Universal's Endless Summer Resort - Surfside Inn and Suites** and **Dockside Inn and Suites** are a pair of hotels located in Universal Orlando in Orlando, Florida forming a single resort. The resorts are built on the former site of Wet 'n Wild Orlando, which had closed in 2016. The hotels were built as value-level hotels for Universal Orlando.

The resort has two themes, with the Surfside hotel being themed to a surfing lifestyle and the Dockside hotel being themed to a coastal retreat. Surfside Inn and Suites opened first on June 27, 2019, and Dockside Inn and Suites opened on December 15, 2020 following a delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## History

After the permanent closure of Wet 'n Wild Orlando in 2016 due to focus on Volcano Bay, demolition for the property began in early 2017. On November 6, 2017, renderings for new unnamed hotel resorts were announced by Universal Orlando. Naming for the two hotels were revealed on April 5, 2018 as Universal's Endless Summer Resort, both designated as value hotels. Surfside Inn and Suites, which was built directly on the old Wet 'n Wild water park, was planned to open in summer of 2019 while Dockside Inn and Suites was expected to open in 2020.

By early 2019, Surfside Inn and Suites was preparing for opening while Dockside Inn and Suites was still under construction. On March 20, 2019, the grand opening for Surfside Inn and Suites was planned for June 27, 2019. The Surfside hotel officially opened on June 27, 2019. On November 12, 2019, the Dockside hotel was expected to open on March 17, 2020; this was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Surfside hotel closed due to the pandemic as well, but had reopened in June 2020. Dockside Inn and Suites officially opened on December 15, 2020.

## Theme

The theme for Universal's Endless Summer Resort - Surfside Inn and Suites is a surfing lifestyle. The lobby features surfboards throughout the lobby, and in the resort's rooms, there is surf themed decor. The theme for Universal's Endless Summer Resort - Dockside Inn and suites is themed as a coastal retreat.

## Dining

Surfside Inn and Suites features one food court named Beach Break Cafe with one pool bar named the San Bar. Dockside Inn and Suites has a food court named Pier 8 Market with two pool bars, Wave Makers and The Oasis, along with a bar named Sunset Lounge. Both hotels include a Starbucks.

## InfoBox

| Universal's Endless Summer Resort | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Universal's Endless Summer Resort (L to R):
Dockside Inn and Suites, Surfside Inn and Suites | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, Florida |
| Address | 7000 Universal Boulevard |
| Coordinates | 28°27′39″N 81°27′50″W / 28.4609°N 81.4640°W / 28.4609; -81.4640 |
| Opened | June 27, 2019 (Surfside Inn and Suites)
December 15, 2020 (Dockside Inn and Suites) |
| Owner | Loews Hotels & Universal Orlando |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 750 (Surfside Inn and Suites)
2,050 (Dockside Inn and Suites) |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: Oliver Barth

abstract: Oliver Barth is a German football coach and former player.

text:
# Oliver Barth

**Oliver Barth** (born 6 October 1979) is a German football coach and former player.

## Coaching career

In January 2017, Barth joined VfB Stuttgart's coaching team. He became assistant coach of the club's second team playing in the Regionalliga, under his former SC Freiburg teammate Andreas Hinkel.

On 1 July 2018, Barth joined Greuther Fürth as assistant coach to Damir Burić. In the first main round of the 2018–19 DFB-Pokal, Barth replaced Burić, who could not be there due to a bereavement in his family. In February 2019, the club sacked from Burić and Barth after the team lost 6–0 in SC Paderborn.

VfL Bochum strengthened head coach Robin Dutt's staff for the 2019–20 season with Barth as an additional assistant to enable the first assistant coach Heiko Butscher. Barth left the club on 4 January 2020.

## InfoBox

Oliver Barth
| Barth in 2012 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1979-10-06) 6 October 1979 | | |
| Place of birth | Stuttgart, West Germany | | |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | TSV Schmiden | | |
|  | VfB Stuttgart | | |
| 0000–2001 | SV Fellbach | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2005 | Stuttgarter Kickers | 106 | (4) |
| 2005–2007 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 44 | (1) |
| 2007–2012 | SC Freiburg | 84 | (2) |
| 2012–2016 | VfR Aalen | 117 | (3) |
| 2016 | Stuttgarter Kickers | 3 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Stuttgarter Kickers II | 15 | (2) |
| Total |  | **369** | **(12)** |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2017–2018 | VfB Stuttgart II (assistant) | | |
| 2018–2019 | Greuther Fürth (assistant) | | |
| 2019–2020 | VfL Bochum (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |