title: Obesity and fertility

abstract: Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual's ideal body weight. This is often described as a body mass index (BMI) over 30. However, BMI does not account for whether the excess weight is fat or muscle, and is not a measure of body composition. For most people, however, BMI is an indication used worldwide to estimate nutritional status. Obesity is usually the result of consuming more calories than the body needs and not expending that energy by doing exercise. There are genetic causes and hormonal disorders that cause people to gain significant amounts of weight but this is rare. People in the obese category are much more likely to suffer from fertility problems than people of normal healthy weight. A report carried out by the Nurses Health Study demonstrated an increased risk of anovulation in women with an increasing BMI value. Its major effects include a reduction in ovulation rate, a decline in oocyte quality, menstrual irregularities, a decreased pregnancy rate and a rise in miscarriages. Obesity can have particularly damaging effects in young women as they begin menstruating earlier than non-obese girls, essentially enhancing the defects associated with obesity and fertility. Obesity also affects fertility in men.

text:
# Obesity and fertility

Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual's ideal body weight. This is often described as a body mass index (BMI) over 30. However, BMI does not account for whether the excess weight is fat or muscle, and is not a measure of body composition. For most people, however, BMI is an indication used worldwide to estimate nutritional status. Obesity is usually the result of consuming more calories than the body needs and not expending that energy by doing exercise. There are genetic causes and hormonal disorders that cause people to gain significant amounts of weight but this is rare. People in the obese category are much more likely to suffer from fertility problems than people of normal healthy weight.

A report carried out by the Nurses Health Study demonstrated an increased risk of anovulation in women with an increasing BMI value. Its major effects include a reduction in ovulation rate, a decline in oocyte quality, menstrual irregularities, a decreased pregnancy rate and a rise in miscarriages. Obesity can have particularly damaging effects in young women as they begin menstruating earlier than non-obese girls, essentially enhancing the defects associated with **obesity and fertility**. Obesity also affects fertility in men.

## Epidemiology

On a global scale, there are more people who are obese than underweight. This finding occurs in every region worldwide with the exception of parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.

Previously, obesity and overweight were considered problems nearly exclusive to high-income countries; however, the prevalence of these health problems is now rising in low- and middle- income countries. Moreover, obesity and overweight are health issues which are more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural areas.

Since 1975, obesity rates have tripled worldwide.

As of 2016, 1.9 billion adults (aged 18 years or older) were classified as being overweight, and within these adults, 650 million were classified as obese. This translates to 39% of adults (39% of men and 40% of women) being overweight and 13% of the adult population worldwide (11% of men and 15% of women) being obese in 2016.

An estimated 38.2 million under 5 years of age were either overweight or obese as of 2019. In Africa, the number of overweight children under 5 years of age has increased by 24% percent since 2000. Almost half of the children under 5 who were overweight or obese in 2019 lived in Asia.

In 2016, over 340 million children and adolescents from ages 5–19 were overweight or obese. 124 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016, as compared to 1975 where obesity affected just under 1% of children and adolescents in this age range. The prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst children and adolescents in this age group has significantly risen from 4% in 1975 to just above 18% in 2016. This marked increase in the rate among children has occurred similarly in both boys and girls, reflected in the 2016 statistic where 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight.

24.5% of reproductive age women (age 20–44 years) are estimated to be overweight and 23.0% of reproductive age women are estimated to be obese. It has also been shown that the risk of infertility amongst obese women due to disrupted ovulation is 2.7%. For adult women who are obese and are reproductively active, each unit increase in BMI over a BMI of 32 kg/m2 is associated with a reduction of spontaneous conception rate by 5%.

Obesity and overweight among women of reproductive age have been associated with reduced success of conception and a higher risk of complications during pregnancy. Individuals who are obese are at an increased risk of death compared to individuals who are classified as normal weight. This increased risk persists for those who are classified as class 2 and 3 obese.

## Women

Higher weights have been shown to impair fertility by inhibiting reproductive hormones. Obesity disrupts normal endocrine function, leading to irregularities in ovulation, endometrial development, and embryo development. Adipocytes (fat cells) secrete proteins and signaling molecules known as adipokines. Certain adipokines have been implicated in reducing fertility in women.

### Hormonal Disruption

In women with non-disrupted reproduction function, they hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis facilitates proper ovulation and egg implantation. Through producing gonadotropic and steroid hormones, the HPO is responsible for follicular and oocyte development. However, the regulatory functions of the HPO can be disrupted due to the up or down regulation of certain hormones in the setting of obesity.

#### Insulin

One such disruptor of proper HPO function is insulin. Obesity, particularly the presence of visceral fat (fat around the abdomen), is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to cell's reduced sensitivity to insulin, leading to the reduced ability to uptake glucose from the blood and high levels of circulation insulin. The elevated blood insulin levels can disrupt gonadotropin release. Insulin has been shown to increase androgen production, leading to hyperandrogenism. These androgens are converted to estrogen which exert negative feedback on the HPO, leading to down regulation of the HPO and limiting gonadotropin production. This hyperinsulinemia and resulting hyperandrogenism have been associated with disruptions in ovulation.

Adiponectin, the protein secreted in greatest amounts from adipocytes, functions to increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin. Circulating adiponectin levels have been shown to be reduced in obese women. These reduced levels of adiponectin have also been associated with insulin resistance.

#### Leptin

Leptin is a satiety adipokine released from adipocytes. Normally, leptin interacts with leptin receptors (LEPRs) in the brain in order to decrease hunger and facilitate energy expenditure. In obesity, the greater number of adipocytes release greater amounts of leptin. These higher levels of leptin have been implicated in disrupted endometrial maturation and embryo implantation in to the endometrium. Leptin may also inhibit the production of certain steroids, such as progesterone, which is also necessary for proper endometrial development.

Leptin is also a product of the *ob* gene. Due to leptin's interaction with the hypothalamus to decrease appetite, therefore a mutation in the *obese* gene would result in an increased appetite, leading to obesity. Leptin has been found to be linked to the HPG axis as it can induce the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus and subsequently follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinising hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary. Pre-pubertal individuals that lack leptin fail to reach the pubertal stage. If given leptin administratively, the mutation would be reversed and puberty resumed. Leptin is further expressed in mature follicles produced by the ovary, suggesting it plays a role in oocyte maturation, hence embryo development.

### Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Obesity has been associated with higher levels of circulating triglycerides and inflammatory markers. Pro-inflammatory adipokines secreted by adipocytes have been demonstrated to stimulate fatty acid accumulation. Fatty acids are normally stored in adipocytes as triglycerides. However, as triglycerides accumulate in adipocytes, fatty acids can deposit in other tissues. These fatty acids can create oxidative stress, disrupting the functions of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula, leading to apoptosis. This process is known as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity can impair follicular development, lead to errors in meiotic divisions, and disrupt the implantation of the trophoblast in the endometrium. Lipotoxicity can further contribute to insulin resistance in the setting of an inflammatory state.

### Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Increasing body weight is also thought to be linked to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a very common endocrine disorder among women who are reproductively active with a prevalence of 5-10%. Many women who have PCOS are also obese, and it is estimated that the prevalence of obesity in women with PCOS is 35 - 63%.

PCOS diagnosis is defined by the Rotterdam criteria of having at least two of the following: polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction. Polycystic ovaries can be viewed by the ultrasound, and it will show multiple, small cysts in the ovaries. Some symptoms that people may experience with PCOS are irregular periods, acne, infertility, and excessive hair growth.

PCOS is associated with excess levels of male hormones (androgens) or hyperandrogenism. Studies have shown that hyperandrogenism could be caused by a reaction between ovarian theca cells and reactive oxygen species. Hyperandrogenism in women results in menstrual abnormalities, insulin resistance, and ovarian dysfunction in the body. Obesity interferes with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) Axis. The HPO Axis is a tightly regulated cycle of female hormones that control female reproduction. In a female with the absence of PCOS, gonadotropin and other steroid hormone are tightly regulated for follicular development. The ovary also plays a vital role in releasing steroid hormones for follicular maturation and oocyte development. After the oocyte develops into an egg, the egg is released and implanted into the lining of the uterus (endometrium). In the absence of fertilization of a sperm, the endometrium lining will shed, and menstruation will occur in a 28-day cycle. Hyperandrogenism can disrupt this cycle and decrease follicular maturation, leading to irregular menstrual cycles (anovulatory cycles) and decreasing fertility.

Obesity in PCOS women amplifies hormonal and metabolic decline, therefore decreasing fertility and oocyte quality in women. In obese women, there is an increased level of insulin circulating the body because of the inability of the body to respond to insulin (insulin resistance). Increased insulin in the blood stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens increasing the risk of hyperandrogenism that can interfere with the HPO Axis and result with the pathway mentioned previously. In addition, pregnant women with a history of insulin resistance caused by PCOS have an increased risk of gestational diabetes. Obese women tend to have increased abdominal fat deposits, which is correlated with reduced menstrual frequency and fertility and increased insulin resistance.

PCOS and obesity can have an effect on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Some studies reported women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment tend to have smaller oocytes that can decrease their chances of a successful conception. Some studies have further indicated that even if conception is successful through ART, there is still an increase in miscarriage rates.

Currently, therapy is aimed at improving insulin resistance so that hyperinsulinemia is reduced and ovulatory features in women are improved. According to recent studies, insulin-sensitiser drugs are the main type of therapy for women with irregular cycles that want to improve their fertility, although weight loss is normally the first step in overweight women with PCOS.

### Stigma

Apart from biological factors, social factors, such a stigma in health care environments, can limit care and desirable health outcomes. In health care settings, overweight and obese women experience weight-related stigma. Surveys have demonstrated that health care workers view overweight and obese individuals as more lazy, less intelligent, and more self-indulgent than individuals with smaller body sizes. These attitudes may limit overweight and obese women's ability to receive high-quality care or limit their desire to become connected to care due to disrespectful treatment by providers.

This stigma and reluctance to provide high quality care has been suggested to exacerbate problems of infertility in those who are overweight or obese. Due to the perceived biological associations between excess body fat and infertility, overweight and obese women's inability to conceive can be pre-judged by health care providers. Women who are overweight and obese report that their infertility is attributed solely to their excess body weight and that providers may be unwilling to treat infertility in women who are overweight and obese until they lose weight. Of note, no formal guidelines exist from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine or the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology that dictate when women should receive fertility treatment based on weight.

It has also been shown that obese women have higher rates of mood disorders compared to non-obese women. Rates of mood disorders are even higher among women who are treated via *in vitro* fertilization (IVF) and increase further upon IVF failure. Mood disorders, as well as medications used to treat mood disorders, can exacerbate hormonal and menstrual dysfunction, worsening outcomes of infertility management.

## Men

Numerous studies show the association between obesity in men and infertility. In the developed world, the temporal trend for the reduction in sperm parameters (sperm count, motility, morphology, volume, fructose level, and pH) reflects the increasing prevalence of obesity.

The reproductive potential of men who are obese can be attributed to changes in hormone levels which regulate spermatogenesis, increased temperatures in the testicles, the accumulation of environmental toxins in adipose tissue, and increased levels of oxidative stress as well as a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction.

### Changes in Hormonal Levels

In males, the accumulation of fatty tissue is linked to a decrease in free testosterone in the serum, which has been proposed to lead to low sperm count. Obese men have lower circulating testosterone which affects sperm production known as spermatogenesis. This affects the quantity and quality of a man's sperm. Obese men have increased risk of oligozoospemia, having fewer than 15 million sperm per millilitre of semen, and far fewer motile sperm than men of lower weight. Sperm with high amounts of damaged DNA are significantly more common in obese men than in normal weight men. Ejaculate volume is also affected. Altered male hormones can also lead to erectile dysfunction which is the major cause of infertility in obese men.

### Increased Temperatures in Testicles

Gonadal heat can rise with an increase in fat or adipose tissue in the scrotum. Spermatogenesis is a temperature-sensitive process with the optimal temperature for sperm production in humans ranging between 34–35 °C. Thus, obesity may contribute to altered production and parameters of sperm due to an increase of heat in the testicles. Sperm cells can be harmed due to elevated temperatures within the scrotum due to the build up of fat tissue. The damage that heat can pose on sperm production are associated with a reduction in sperm motility, an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation, and increased sperm oxidative stress.

### Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is defined as a sleep disorder consisting of pauses of breathing or shallow and infrequent breathing during sleep. Every pause in breathing can cause hypoxia due to the lack of oxygen the body receives. Sleep apnea is more commonly found in obese people. The mechanism of correlation between sleep apnea and infertility is not clearly defined. Some studies have found that sleep apnea disrupts sleep quality decreasing the pituitary gonadal function and concentration of testosterone in the morning. Other studies report sleep apnea decreases the quality of sex and increases the likelihood of erectile dysfunction. The collection of all of these factors may contribute to the overall decrease in fertility.

### Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a dysfunction of energy utilization and storage. It is diagnosed based on having at least three of the following criteria: high fasting blood glucose levels, high triglyceride levels, low high density cholesterol (HDL) levels, high blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with harmful effects with fertility. People with metabolic syndrome can have high insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) and high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia ) decreasing sperm quantity and quality, which can increase infertility.

### Environmental Toxins

Since adipose tissue is a potential site of toxin accumulation, it is important to view the impacts that environmental toxins pose on fertility. Research demonstrates that metals and chemicals present in air, water, food, and health/beauty products are associated with a reduction in fertility and have potential to cause infertility in males via decreasing sperm count and function. Men who consumed fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residues had a lower total sperm count as well as a lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm. Moreover, a United States study which enrolled 501 participants found a significant association between infertility and blood lead levels in men. Tobacco use in the form of cigarette smoking, another common cause of toxin exposure in the air, has shown to decrease male fertility resulting in a decrease in sperm parameters such as sperm density, total sperm count, and number of motile sperm.

## Management

### Female

Preventing or treating obesity in women has a positive effect on fertility rates. As simple as modifying lifestyle choices in order to lose weight could lead to a recovery in fertility decline. Taken into consideration firstly must be the weight of the individual before investigating further into complications surrounding fertility. Initially, treatment should proceed for obesity, then if complications still arise with infertility then progression onto ART is required. There are many other ways of reducing body fat including modifying diet or administrating diet pills, increasing energy expenditure, or surgically removing abdominal fat/surgical fitting of a gastric band in order to subside excess abdominal weight. Restoration of fertility should follow these modifications. A weight-loss study was carried out of 13 individuals over a 6-month period. 12 of the 13 previously infertile subjects restored ovulation whilst 11 subjects were able to conceive after the programme had ended. This study demonstrates weight loss to be the primary source of treatment for obesity and fertility problems before ART. A further study enhances this idea with 80% of females having regular menstrual cycles and conception rate was 29% after modifications.

#### Women with PCOS

Management for obese women with PCOS follows a relatively step-wise approach, but can be individualized based on the person and their unique needs.

Weight loss is normally the first option for overweight women with PCOS. Multiple studies have illustrated the marked improvement in endocrine profile, menstrual cycle, rate of ovulation, and likelihood of healthy pregnancy amongst women who have lost weight. The amount of weight lost does not need to be drastic in order for women to reap the aforementioned benefits; indeed, with even only a 5% decrease in total body weight can lead to increased insulin-sensitivity and ovulation restoration. Thus, for overweight women with anovulation and PCOS, lifestyle modifications are important, and are very often an integral part of the treatment plan to relieve PCOS symptoms. These lifestyle modifications may include increased exercise and a diverse diet composed of fruits, vegetables, low-fat products, and lean meats.

Following weight loss are insulin-sensitizing drugs. This class of drugs is the main therapy for women who experience irregular cycles, and want to improve their fertility. One example of an insulin-sensitizing drug is Metformin, which works by inhibiting the liver’s production of glucose. The decrease in available glucose leads to less insulin secretion, and thereby increases insulin-sensitivity in cells. A systematic review of Metformin illustrated that it benefits women with PCOS in a myriad of ways: decreasing body insulin concentrations, lowering androgen levels, aiding in ovulation, and increasing positive reproductive outcomes.

Even for women looking to utilize medications, weight loss should be encouraged to increase the likelihood of ovulation and ovarian response. In the United Kingdom, weight loss is advised for overweight women with PCOS, preferably to a body mass index of less than 30, before initiating drugs for ovarian stimulation. Another study on Metformin is more lenient, and suggests that women with obesity and PCOS should defer treatment with Metformin until achieving a body mass index of 35 or less. Treatment monitoring is more difficult in obese women because the ovaries become more difficult to see on ultrasound scans, potentially leading to oversight of multiple ovulations and pregnancies. Additionally, drugs like Metformin may be less effective in women with anovulation and extreme obesity, although this situation may simply justify a higher dose to be efficacious.

Bariatric surgery - procedures that target the stomach and intestines for weight loss - is another option for obese women with PCOS. A small study of 17 women with PCOS revealed that a vast majority improved upon undergoing either biliopancreatic diversion or laparoscopic bypass. Additionally, other metabolic parameters - including insulin sensitivity and blood pressure - also improved in these women.

### Male

Obesity in males leads to negative repercussions in fertility, sperm function, and overall health of the offspring. Fortunately, the effects of obesity on male fertility can be reversed, with either weight loss or testosterone therapy.

Losing weight has been shown to yield numerous beneficial results; doing so can alter misaligned BMI statuses, and can correct metabolic disturbances associated with increased weight, ultimately decreasing the amount of oxidative stress and DNA damage. There is currently limited evidence for the effect of weight loss on semen-associated factors. Weight loss can be achieved through lifestyle modifications, which include options like a reduced caloric diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking. In a randomized control trial of obese men, it was observed that increased physical activity and reduced caloric intake led to improvement in erectile dysfunction.

Bariatric surgery is another option to improve sexual function in overweight men. In a randomized trial, bariatric surgery reduced BMI significantly more than lifestyle modifications, and ultimately led to a reversal in both erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism.

Testosterone therapy may improve hormone imbalances and treat erectile dysfunction. While nearly two-thirds of urologists indicated that they used empirical testosterone therapy for idiopathic male infertility, the efficacy of these agents remains controversial, with particular concerns about the cardiovascular safety profile. Aromatase inhibitors - such as Letrozole - can be used in place of testosterone to overcome reduced testosterone levels commonly found in obese men. However, aromatase inhibitors are not without their own risks as well; there are concerns surrounding long-term aromatase inhibitor therapy due to its effect on bone health.

## Animals

### Cattle

It is common practise for body condition scoring to be used in domesticated animals to assess the fatness of an animal and is often used by vets and livestock handlers to determine whether the animal need more or less energy. Both a low and a high score can reduce an animal's fertility.

Cattle that are over-conditioned are also more insulin resistant compared to their leaner counterparts. As demonstrated in mice, insulin resistance is a factor in poor fertility as it has an effect on oocyte development. This in turn means that less oocytes are suitable for fertilisation and fertility is impaired.

Another reason for decrease in fertility is to do with leptin. Leptin is a hormone which production is increased in obese animals. In cows, leptin can inhibit thecal cells from producing adrostenediol and progesterone. Androstenediol is important in fertility as it is the precursor to oestrogen. Without oestrogen production, the balance of hormones is affected and there is no LH surge which is required for ovulation.

### Domestic Fowl

Domestic fowl has previously been researched on and it was found that by over feeding but not force feeding the male birds, there was no effect on fertility. However, more recently a study has shown that obesity induced by force feeding can affect the number of spermatozoa and their motility in the male birds. It was also found that in two of the three birds, there was an decrease in testosterone and an increase in LH which suggests the pathway of why there might be reduced spermatozoa.


title: UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying Group 5

abstract: Group 5 of the UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying tournament was one of the eight groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 1968 finals tournament. Group 5 consisted of four teams: Hungary, East Germany, Netherlands, and Denmark, where they played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners were Hungary, who finished 2 points above East Germany.

text:
# UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying Group 5

**Group 5** of the **UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying** tournament was one of the eight groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 1968 finals tournament. Group 5 consisted of four teams: Hungary, East Germany, Netherlands, and Denmark, where they played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners were Hungary, who finished 2 points above East Germany.

## Final table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hungary | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 5 | +10 | 9 | Advance to quarter-finals |  |  | 3–1 | 2–1 | 6–0 |
| 2 | East Germany | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 7 |  |  | 1–0 |  | 4–3 | 3–2 |
| 3 | Netherlands | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 11 | 0 | | 5 |  | 2–2 | 1–0 |  | 2–0 |
| 4 | Denmark | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 10 | | 3 |  | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 |  |

Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Qualification tiebreakers

## Matches

| Netherlands | 22 | Hungary |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Pijs  35' * Cruyff  54' | Report |  |

Feyenoord Stadion (De Kuip), RotterdamAttendance: 62,100Referee: Birger Nilsen (Norway)

---

| Hungary | 60 | Denmark |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Népstadion, BudapestAttendance: 18,487Referee: Petros Tzouvaras (Greece)

---

| Netherlands | 20 | Denmark |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Feyenoord Stadion (De Kuip), RotterdamAttendance: 25,134Referee: Aníbal da Silva Oliveira (Portugal)

---

| East Germany | 43 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Zentralstadion, LeipzigAttendance: 30,207Referee: Hannes Þorsteinn Sigurðsson (Iceland)

---

| Hungary | 21 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Népstadion, BudapestAttendance: 24,352Referee: Franz Mayer (Austria)

---

| Denmark | 02 | Hungary |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Idrætsparken, CopenhagenAttendance: 34,284Referee: William John Gow (Wales)

---

| Denmark | 11 | East Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Idrætsparken, CopenhagenAttendance: 23,234Referee: Joseph Hannet (Belgium)

---

| Netherlands | 10 | East Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Olympisch Stadion, AmsterdamAttendance: 44,505Referee: Thomas Wharton (Scotland)

---

| Hungary | 31 | East Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Népstadion, BudapestAttendance: 69,871Referee: Tofik Bakhramov (USSR)

---

| Denmark | 32 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Idrætsparken, CopenhagenAttendance: 34,375Referee: Malcolm Hall Wright (Northern Ireland)

---

| East Germany | 32 | Denmark |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Zentralstadion, LeipzigAttendance: 18,519Referee: Ryszard Banasiuk (Poland)

---

| East Germany | 10 | Hungary |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Zentralstadion, LeipzigAttendance: 48,872Referee: Robert Héliès (France)

## Goalscorers

There were 42 goals scored in 12 matches, for an average of 3.5 goals per match.

**5 goals**

**3 goals**

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

* "1968 UEFA European Championship". uefa.com. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
* "European Championship 1968". rsssf.com. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
* Robinson, J. (1996). *The European Football Championships 1958-1996*. Soccer Book Publishing. ISBN 0-947808-69-8.


title: Anathallis vasquezii

abstract: Anathallis vasquezii is a species of orchid plant native to Bolivia.

text:
# Anathallis vasquezii

**Anathallis vasquezii** is a species of orchid plant native to Bolivia.

## InfoBox

| *Anathallis vasquezii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Anathallis* |
| Species: | ***A. vasquezii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anathallis vasquezii***<br>(Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pleurothallis vasquezii* Luer | |


title: IDE

abstract: Haruya Ide IDE, iDE, or Ide may refer to:

text:
# IDE

**IDE,** **iDE,** or **Ide** may refer to:

## Organisations

## Science and technology

### Biology and medicine

### Chemistry

### Computing

## Places

## Greek mythology

* Ida (mother of Minos), daughter of Corybas, the wife of Lycastus king of Crete, and the mother of the "second" king Minos of Crete
* Ida (nurse of Zeus), who along with her sister Adrasteia, nursed Zeus on Crete

## Abbreviations

## People

### Given name

* Íde, a feminine name of Gaelic origin

### Surname

* Bob Ide, American politician
* Charlie Ide (born 1988), English footballer
* Haruya Ide (井出 遥也, born 1994), Japanese footballer
* Henry Clay Ide (1844–1921), American commissioner to Samoa and the Philippines
* Junpei Ide (井出 隼平, born 1991), Japanese shogi player
* Juri Ide (井出 樹里, born 1983), Japanese triathlete
* Kaname Ide (井出 かなめ, born 1947), Japanese speed skater
* Ide Kaoru (井手 薰, 1879–1944), Japanese architect
* Toshirō Ide (井手 俊郎, 1910–1988), Japanese screenwriter
* William B. Ide (1796–1852), author of the California Republic's proclamation of independence from Mexico
* Yasunori Ide (井出 安軌), Japanese anime creator
* Yuji Ide (井出 有治, born 1975), Japanese racing driver


title: Jiří Hronek

abstract: Jiří Hronek, born Jiří Langstein, was a Czechoslovak journalist, publicist, playwright and novelist.

text:
# Jiří Hronek

**Jiří Hronek**, born **Jiří Langstein** (1 May 1905 – 5 March 1987), was a Czechoslovak journalist, publicist, playwright and novelist.

## Biography

Born into a journalistic family, Hronek was the son of editor Isidor Langstein (1879–1942) and Růžena, née Picková (1881–1942). He had a younger sister, Věra (married as Pauknerová, 1910–1942). The family originally lived in Žižkov and from 1907 in Královské Vinohrady. During 1942, his parents and sister were arrested and deported, victims of the Holocaust. His sister was murdered in Auschwitz, his mother at Maly Trostenets, and his father in the Izbica Ghetto.

Starting in 1925 and until 1936, Hronek worked as a journalist. From 1936, he was editor at *Central European Radio* in Vienna. Following the annexation of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938, he relocated to Paris as correspondent of the publishing house Melantrich. After the occupation of France, he fled to London, where he worked at the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1940 to 1945.

Following World War II, he returned to Czechoslovakia and worked in various positions. First at the Ministry of Information, where he was the editor-in-chief of Czechoslovak Radio and the editor-in-chief of the Czech News Agency in charge of managing the Pragopress agency.

In 1946, Hronek was part of the Czechoslovak delegation to the founding Congress of the International Organization of Journalists (IOJ) in Copenhagen. In 1947 he was elected secretary general of the IOJ, a position he served in until 1951.

He retired in 1970.

## InfoBox

| Jiří Hronek | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1905-05-01)1 May 1905
Roudnice nad Labem, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 5 March 1987(1987-03-05) (aged 81)
Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Nationality | Czech |


title: Hamworthy Beach

abstract:
Hamworthy Beach is situated between the Marine Camp and Rockley Sands in Poole Bay, Dorset, known to locals but more difficult to find for outsiders. The local community refer to it as "Up Lake". It is a muddy beach with sand and shingle. It has its own jetty, known as Lake Pier, which is quite popular with local fishermen. Evenings promising good sunsets attract a number of photographers to this beauty spot.
From the beach can be seen Arne Nature Reserve, Brownsea Island and the Purbeck Hills. Behind the beach is Ham Common. With a car park close to the water side, this is a popular venue for launching kayaks. A toilet block is present.

text:
# Hamworthy Beach

**Hamworthy Beach** is situated between the Marine Camp and Rockley Sands in Poole Bay, Dorset, known to locals but more difficult to find for outsiders. The local community refer to it as "Up Lake". It is a muddy beach with sand and shingle. It has its own jetty, known as Lake Pier, which is quite popular with local fishermen. Evenings promising good sunsets attract a number of photographers to this beauty spot. From the beach can be seen Arne Nature Reserve, Brownsea Island and the Purbeck Hills. Behind the beach is Ham Common.

With a car park close to the water side, this is a popular venue for launching kayaks. A toilet block is present.

50°42′50″N 2°01′30″W / 50.7138°N 2.0249°W / 50.7138; -2.0249


title: No Man's Valley

abstract: No Man's Valley is an animated TV special written by Christopher Brough and Frank Buxton. It was originally aired on the CBS network November 23, 1981. It was executive produced by Lee Mendelson and Phil Howort, produced and directed by Bill Melendez, and co-directed by Phil Roman.

text:
# No Man's Valley

***No Man's Valley*** is an animated TV special written by Christopher Brough and Frank Buxton. It was originally aired on the CBS network November 23, 1981. It was executive produced by Lee Mendelson and Phil Howort, produced and directed by Bill Melendez, and co-directed by Phil Roman.

## Synopsis

Elliot, a rare California condor, must find a hideaway for endangered animals before humans drive them over the brink into extinction.

## Voice cast

### Uncredited

## Credits

* Executive Producers: Lee Mendelson, Phil Howort
* Written by: Christopher Brough and Frank Buxton
* Creative Consultant: David Hooper
* Original Music by: Desirée Goyette
* Music Arranged and Conducted by: Ed Bogas
* A Lee Mendelson-Phil Howort Production
    + In association with Bill Melendez Productions and Frank Fehmers Productions
* Produced and Directed by: Bill Melendez
* Based on an original idea by: Harrie Geelen and Imme Dross
* And original art concepts by: Michael Jupp and Elsa Godfrey
* Co-Directed by: Phil Roman
* "Welcome to No Man's Valley" sung by: Desirée Goyette
* Production Designed by: Bernie Gruver, Evert Brown
* Color by: Dean Spille
* Animation by: Sam Jaimes, Bob Carlson, Al Pabian, Bill Littlejohn, Hank Smith, Fernando Gonzalez, Joe Roman, Larry Leichliter, Dale Baer, Utit Choomuang
* Checking: Eve Fletcher, Joanne Lansing, Jane Gonzales
* Ink and Paint: Adele Lenart, Micky Kreymann, Karin Holmquist, Roubina Janian, Valerie Green, Joan Pabian, Karen Webb, Lee Hoffman, Emalene Seutter, Chandra Poweris
* Editing: Chuck McCann, Roger Donley
* Dialogue Editing: Les Wolf
* Production Manager: Carole Barnes
* Production Assistants: Sandy Claxton Arnold, Carol Neal, Jane Mason
* Camera: Nick Vasu
* Mix: Producers' Sound Service
* Color: Technicolor

## Production

1. Woolery, George W. (1989). *Animated TV Specials: The Complete Directory to the First Twenty-Five Years, 1962-1987*. Scarecrow Press. pp. 289–290. ISBN 0-8108-2198-2. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
2. Lenburg, Jeff (1999). *The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons*. Checkmark Books. p. 303. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.

## InfoBox

| *No Man's Valley* | |
| --- | --- |
| Title card | |
| Written by | Christopher Brough and Frank Buxton |
| Directed by | Bill Melendez |
| Starring | Henry Corden
Frank Buxton
Art Metrano
Hal Smith
Chanin Hale
Arnold Stang
Barney Phillips
Joe E. Ross
Desirée Goyette
Richard Deacon
John Stephenson |
| Theme music composer | Desirée Goyette and Ed Bogas |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Lee Mendelson and Phil Howort |
| Producer | Bill Melendez |
| Editors | Charles McCann
Roger Donley |
| Running time | 25 minutes |
| Production companies | Mendelson/Melendez Productions
Frank Fehmers Productions
The Rights Company of North America |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | November 23, 1981 (1981-11-23) |


title: Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski

abstract: Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski was the Prime Bishop of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church from 1945 to 1953. He graduated from the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy. He served as a professor at the Theological Seminary in Lublin and, from 1903, as the provincial leader for Mariavites in the Lublin district. In 1906, he became the parish priest of the Mariavite parish in Płock. From the chapter in 1907, he was the vicar general. He was consecrated as a bishop on September 4, 1910, in Łowicz. He was a confessor of Maria Franciszka Kozłowska, the founder of the Mariavite movement, and the author of theological and Mariavite-themed articles. From 1945 to 1953, he served as the Prime Bishop of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church. He wrote a book about Maria Franciszka Kozłowska titled Żywot Przeczystej Pani i objawione jej Dzieło Wielkiego Miłosierdzia. He was the main consecrator of Bishop Zygmunt Szypold who became the head of the Polish Old Catholic Church.

text:
# Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski

| Ordination history of
Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski | |
| --- | --- |
| History  Episcopal consecration  Principal consecrator Jan Maria Michał Kowalski  Co-consecrators Gerardus Gul
Jakub van Thiel | |
| Episcopal succession  Bishops consecrated by Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski as principal consecrator  Zygmunt Szypold April 13, 1947 | |

**Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski** (February 29, 1872 in Congress Poland \- February 13, 1954 in Płock, Poland) was the Prime Bishop of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church from 1945 to 1953.

He graduated from the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy. He served as a professor at the Theological Seminary in Lublin and, from 1903, as the provincial leader for Mariavites in the Lublin district. In 1906, he became the parish priest of the Mariavite parish in Płock. From the chapter in 1907, he was the vicar general. He was consecrated as a bishop on September 4, 1910, in Łowicz. He was a confessor of Maria Franciszka Kozłowska, the founder of the Mariavite movement, and the author of theological and Mariavite-themed articles. From 1945 to 1953, he served as the Prime Bishop of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church. He wrote a book about Maria Franciszka Kozłowska titled *Żywot Przeczystej Pani i objawione jej Dzieło Wielkiego Miłosierdzia* (Life of the Pure Lady and her Revealed Work of Great Mercy). He was the main consecrator of Bishop Zygmunt Szypold who became the head of the Polish Old Catholic Church.

## Episcopal genealogy

His episcopal genealogy is as follows:
**Roman Catholic Church**

**Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands**

**Old Catholic Church**

**Mariavite Church**

## Sources

* Appolis, Émile (1965). "Une Église des derniers temps: L'Église Mariavite". *Archives de sociologie des religions* (in French). **19** (19): 51–67. doi:10.3406/assr.1965.2572. ISSN 0003-9659. JSTOR 30120666.
* Bain, Alan (1985). *Bishops Irregular: An International Directory of Independent Bishops*. Bristol, England: A. M. Bain. ISBN 978-0-9510298-0-0.
* Górecki, Artur: *Mariawici i mariawityzm – narodziny i pierwsze lata istnienia*. Warszawa: 2011. ISBN 978-83-7181-673-4, ISBN 978-83-7181-711-3.
* Old Catholic Mariavite Church. "Biskupi Mariawiccy" \[Mariavite bishops\]. *mariawita.pl*. Płock, PL: Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014.
* Peterkiewicz, Jerzy (1975). *The third Adam*. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192121981.
* Rybak, Stanisław. "Mariawityzm: studium historyczne" (PDF). *mariawita-warszawa.com* (in Polish). Michał Rybak. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2007.

## Footnotes

1. Co-consecrated with Old Catholic bishops.

## InfoBox

| Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church | |
|  | |
| Church | Mariavite Old Catholic Church |
| Installed | 1945 |
| Term ended | 1953 |
| Predecessor | Maria Filip Feldman |
| Successor | Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki |
| Previous post(s) | * Mariavite provincial leader of the Lublin district (1903) * Mariavite parish priest in Płock (1906) * Vicar general of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church (1907) |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | September 4, 1910 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1872-02-29)February 29, 1872
Poland |
| Died | February 13, 1954(1954-02-13) (aged 81)
Płock, Poland |
| Occupation | Prime Bishop of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church |
| Signature |  |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: IK Mode

abstract: IK Mode was a sports club in Stockholm, Sweden. The club ran bandy, ice hockey, soccer and track and field athletics. The men's bandy team played in the Swedish top division in 1937. and 1940. The men's ice hockey team played in the Swedish second division during the 1929-1930 season. The club track and field athletics section was especially successful during the 1930s and 40s. The club won Dagbladsstafetten in 1940 and 1946. Other successful track and field athletes competing for the club were Åke Stenqvist who won Swedish national long jump championship for men in 1936, 1937 and 1938 and Lennart Eliasson who won the same event in 1943. In 1929, AIK offered to take over the club's track and field athletic.

text:
# IK Mode

**IK Mode** was a sports club in Stockholm, Sweden. The club ran bandy, ice hockey, soccer and track and field athletics. The men's bandy team played in the Swedish top division in 1937. and 1940.

The men's ice hockey team played in the Swedish second division during the 1929-1930 season. The club track and field athletics section was especially successful during the 1930s and 40s. The club won Dagbladsstafetten in 1940 and 1946. Other successful track and field athletes competing for the club were Åke Stenqvist who won Swedish national long jump championship for men in 1936, 1937 and 1938 and Lennart Eliasson who won the same event in 1943.

In 1929, AIK offered to take over the club's track and field athletic.

## InfoBox

IK Mode
| Full name | Idrottsklubben Mode |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | bandy, ice hockey, soccer, track and field athletics |
| Based in | Stockholm, Sweden |


title: UNO Stereo

abstract: Nic Martin, known professionally as UNO Stereo, is an Australian record producer, songwriter and artist based in Melbourne. He has produced ARIA Music Award winning and APRA Award nominated records. Martin went from bedroom-beatmaking at age 11 to recording and producing rap records at age 18 with long-time friend and collaborator Blessed. He worked his way into the music industry by teaming up with local talent and forming a group then known as Dream Big Music. His career progressed further with platinum-certified records from Timomatic and Justice Crew and producing for Jay Sean and Busta Rhymes, UNO Stereo worked on projects with prominent Australian rappers such as Seth Sentry's album Strange New Past, which won the ARIA Music Award for Best Urban Album, and Bliss n Eso's platinum-certified single "Moments". He has also worked with Illy, Horrorshow, Tuka, Urthboy and Drapht. Since then, he has gone on to co-produce Khalid's Grammy nominated debut studio album American Teen and 360's comeback album Vintage Modern. He then dropped his own UNO Stereo collaborations, whilst his single "Got U" was streamed over two million times. He produced British artist Wiley's "Over It" and American rapper Wale's "Debbie", dropped a collaborative single with Canada's Maurice Moore, and produced the ARIA Music Award-winning single "Miss Shiney" for neo soul musician Kaiit.

text:
# UNO Stereo

**Nic Martin**, known professionally as **UNO Stereo**, is an Australian record producer, songwriter and artist based in Melbourne. He has produced ARIA Music Award winning and APRA Award nominated records.

Martin went from bedroom-beatmaking at age 11 to recording and producing rap records at age 18 with long-time friend and collaborator Blessed (FKA Miracle). He worked his way into the music industry by teaming up with local talent and forming a group then known as Dream Big Music. His career progressed further with platinum-certified records from Timomatic and Justice Crew and producing for Jay Sean and Busta Rhymes, UNO Stereo worked on projects with prominent Australian rappers such as Seth Sentry's album *Strange New Past*, which won the ARIA Music Award for Best Urban Album, and Bliss n Eso's platinum-certified single "Moments". He has also worked with Illy, Horrorshow, Tuka, Urthboy and Drapht.

Since then, he has gone on to co-produce Khalid's Grammy nominated debut studio album *American Teen* and 360's comeback album *Vintage Modern*. He then dropped his own UNO Stereo collaborations, whilst his single "Got U" was streamed over two million times. He produced British artist Wiley's "Over It" and American rapper Wale's "Debbie", dropped a collaborative single with Canada's Maurice Moore ("Just 2"), and produced the ARIA Music Award-winning single "Miss Shiney" for neo soul musician Kaiit.

## Awards and nominations

## Discography

### Solo

* Innervisions – Single, 2013
* Got U (feat. Majerle) – Single, 2016
* Just 2 (feat. Maurice Moore) – Single, 2017
* KEEP UP (feat. Mari and Majerle) – Single, 2017
* Episodes, Vol. 1 – Mixtape, 2018
* My Way (feat. Jordan Dennis) – Single, 2018
* Innerludes – EP, 2020
* TEXT (feat. Amindi) – Single, 2020
* A Vibe Called Quest – Single, 2020
* Discourse (feat. 18YOMAN) – Single, 2023
* Passengers (feat. Liyah Knight) – Single, 2023
* IDCT (feat. Billy Maree) – Single, 2023
* Del Boca Vista Pt.2 – Single, 2023

### Selected production and co-writes

| Year | Song | Artist | Album | Label | Co-Writer | Producer | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 2023 | Del Boca Vista Pt. 2 | UNO Stereo | Passengers | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | IDCT | UNO Stereo, Billy Maree | Passengers | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Passengers | UNO Stereo, Liyah Knight | Passengers | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Discourse | UNO Stereo, 18YOMAN | Passengers | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Reservoir Dogs | Chillinit, Miko Mal | 420DNA | 420 Family |  |  |  |
| 2023 | No Peace | Jada Weazel | No Peace (EP) | EMI/ Univeral Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Closer | Jada Weazel | No Peace (EP) | EMI/ Univeral Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Hands Of Addiction | Jada Weazel | No Peace (EP) | EMI/ Universal Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Inhibitions | Jada Weazel | No Peace (EP) | EMI/ Universal Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Skin | Jada Weazel | No Peace (EP) | EMI/ Univeral Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2023 | LET HER BE | Maina Doe | Let Her Be | Valve Sounds |  |  |  |
| 2022 | Naked | CVIRO, GXNXVS | Come On In (EP) | Warner Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2022 | Nasty | CVIRO, GXNXVS, Jean Deaux | Come On In (EP) | Warner Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2022 | In God We Trust | BLESSED | Aussie Blackstar | Warner Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Tranquilize (REMIX) | Telenova | Tranquilize EP | Pointer Recordings |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Ezinna | B Wise, Milan Ring | Jamie | Semi Pro Sound, Sony Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Black Visionary | B Wise, BLESSED | Jamie | Semi Pro Sound, Sony Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Heavies | B Wise | Jamie | Semi Pro Sound, Sony Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Summer Freaks | B Wise, Manu Crooks | Jamie | Semi Pro Sound, Sony Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2021 | U Say | B Wise | Jamie | Semi Pro Sound, Sony Music Aus |  |  |  |
| 2021 | BYO | Ojikae | 3033 | Warner Music Aus. |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Your Side, MY Side, The Truth | Chillinit | The Octagon | 420 Family |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Chance Again | GXNXVS, CVIRO, Kaleem Taylor | The Sequal | Universal Music Aus. |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Doubt | Teischa | Doubt | Universal Aus. |  |  |  |
| 2020 | TEXT | UNO Stereo, Amindi | TEXT | Warner Music Aus. |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Think Twice | B Wise, Kojey Radical | Jamie | Semi Pro Sound, Sony Music Aus. |  |  |  |
| 2020 | PLAYIN | UNO Stereo | Innerludes | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Vinny's Interlude | UNO Stereo, 18YOMAN | Innerludes | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Purple Tape | UNO Stereo | Innerludes | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Keynote Interlude | UNO Stereo, Jordan Dennis | Innerludes | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2020 | On My Mind | UNO Stereo, Majerle | Innerludes | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Need 2 Say | UNO Stereo, Ojikae | Innerludes | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2020 | Bandz | Destructo, Kevin Gates, Yo Gotti, Denzel Curry | Bandz | Parametric Records |  |  |  |
| 2019 | Debbie | Wale | Wow... That's Crazy | Warner Records |  |  |  |
| 2019 | Miss Shiney | Kaiit | Miss Shiney | Alt. Music Group |  |  |  |
| 2019 | Overdue | Ojikae | Overdue | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2019 | Magic | Ceeko | Magic | Alt. Music Group |  |  |  |
| 2019 | EX | Ojikae | EX | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Over It | Wiley | Godfather II | CTA |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Ready or Not (feat. Bluey Robinson, UNO Stereo) | Midas Hutch | The Feels | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2018 | West | Lakyn Heperi | & Pains EP | Universal Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Slumdog | Lakyn Heperi | & Pains EP | Universal Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2018 | My Way | UNO Stereo, Jordan Dennis | My Way | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2018 | The Key | B Wise | Area Famous | Elefant Traks |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Flex On | B Wise | Area Famous | Elefant Traks |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Sunday Best | B Wise | Area Famous | Elefant Traks |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Dive In (UNO Stereo remix) | Olu Bliss | Traveling Bliss | As We Arrive |  |  |  |
| 2018 | House in the Hamptons | UNO Stereo | Episodes, Vol. 1 | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Good for You Jack | UNO Stereo | Episodes, Vol. 2 | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Glitterati | UNO Stereo | Episodes, Vol. 3 | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Double Div | UNO Stereo | Episodes, Vol. 4 | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2018 | Del Boca Vista | UNO Stereo | Episodes, Vol. 5 | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Cold Blooded | Khalid | American Teen | RCA Records |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Just 2 | Maurice Moore & UNO Stereo | Just 2 | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2017 | KEEP UP (feat. Mari & Majerle) | UNO Stereo | KEEP UP | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Innervisions | UNO Stereo | Innervisions | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Vintage Modern (all tracks excluding Tiny Angels & Letters) | 360 | Vintage Modern | EMI Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Just a Thought | 360 | VI | EMI Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2017 | God Mode | 360 | VI | EMI Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Moments (feat. Gavin James) | Bliss n Eso | Off the Grid | Illusive |  |  | 3 × Platinum |
| 2017 | Fit In | David Dallas | Hood Country Club | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2017 | Play It Safe | Seth Sentry | Play It Safe | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2016 | wdubi (feat. Nasty Mars, Marcus) | Baro | Just Problems You Need to Know | teamtrick. |  |  |  |
| 2016 | Got U | UNO Stereo | Got U | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2016 | 40 Days | B Wise | 40 Days | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2016 | Say It for Me | Maribelle | Overtake | Warner Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2016 | Petty | Seth Sentry | Petty | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2016 | Second Heartbeat | Urthboy | The Past Beats Behind Me Like a Second Heartbeat | Elefant Traks |  |  |  |
| 2016 | The Arrow | Urthboy | The Past Beats Behind Me Like a Second Heartbeat | Elefant Traks |  |  |  |
| 2015 | Run | Seth Sentry | Strange New Past | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2015 | Nobody Like Me | Seth Sentry | Strange New Past | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2015 | Hell Boy | Seth Sentry | Strange New Past | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2015 | Violin | Seth Sentry | Strange New Past | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2015 | 1969 | Seth Sentry | Strange New Past | Independent |  |  |  |
| 2015 | Don't Wait Up | Tuka | Life Death Time Eternal | EMI Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2015 | Everything | Tuka | Life Death Time Eternal | EMI Music Australia |  |  |  |
| 2014 | Django | Miracle | Mainland | Sony Music |  |  |  |
| 2014 | Learning | Miracle | Mainland | Sony Music |  |  |  |
| 2014 | Lost Boy | Miracle | Mainland | Sony Music |  |  |  |
| 2014 | Nintendo | Miracle | Mainland | Sony Music |  |  |  |
| 2014 | Rain Dance | Miracle | Mainland | Sony Music |  |  |  |
| 2014 | Live It Up | 360 | Utopia | EMI Music Australia |  |  | Platinum |
| 2014 | Still Rap | 360 | Utopia | EMI Music Australia |  |  | Platinum |
| 2014 | Man on the Moon | 360 | Utopia | EMI Music Australia |  |  | Platinum |
| 2013 | Break of Dawn | Jay Sean, Busta Rhymes | Neon | Cash Money Records |  |  |  |
| 2012 | Can You Feel It | Timomatic | Timomatic | Sony Music Australia |  |  | Platinum |
|

## InfoBox

| UNO Stereo | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Nicholas Martin |
| Also known as | Nic Martin |
| Origin | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Genres | Hip hop, R&B, Pop |
| Occupation(s) | Music producer, songwriter, mixing engineer |
| Years active | 2012–present |


title: Anathallo

abstract: Anathallo was a band originally from Mt. Pleasant, Michigan and then based in Chicago, Illinois. The band started practicing in the fall of 2000 and played their first show soon afterward. Their name is derived from a Greek word meaning "to renew, refresh or bloom again." Anathallo released Floating World, their first nationally distributed record, in 2006 through Sony/BMG. The band released a follow-up, entitled Canopy Glow, on Anticon in 2008.

text:
# Anathallo

**Anathallo** was a band originally from Mt. Pleasant, Michigan and then based in Chicago, Illinois. The band started practicing in the fall of 2000 and played their first show soon afterward. Their name is derived from a Greek word meaning "to renew, refresh or bloom again."

Anathallo released *Floating World*, their first nationally distributed record, in 2006 through Sony/BMG. The band released a follow-up, entitled *Canopy Glow*, on Anticon in 2008.

## History

Anathallo was formed in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, in 2000. The band, led by singer and guitarist Matt Joynt, often consisting of seven or eight members, operated in a relentlessly DIY manner for the first six years of its existence, releasing three EPs (one independently, and two on Selah Records) one full-length album (Sparrows originally on Selah Records) and independently booking eighteen national tours between the years 2000 and 2006.

In 2006 the band independently released *Floating World*, a concept album based on a Japanese story called *Hana-Saka-Jiji*,. Soon after, the album was re-released with wider distribution through Sony/BMG. The album spawned several songs that were used in television commercials, including "Yuki! Yuki! Yuki!" in a Vick's ad, and "Dokkoise House (With Face Covered)" in an American Express commercial. The income from these licenses allowed the band a less stressful experience pursuing their follow-up album. The group relocated to Chicago, Illinois, and accepted an invitation to be artists-in-residence at Berry United Methodist Church where they began working on their follow-up LP, "Canopy Glow".

In 2008, *Canopy Glow* — which was recorded at Engine Studios by engineer/producer Neil Strauch — was released to critical acclaim in the US, EU, and Japan. Following the release of Canopy Glow, the band toured with an eclectic variety of artists including Sam Amidon, Brand New, Aloha, Page France, The Format, Dosh, Manchester Orchestra and Rainer Maria, played Austin City Limits, Coachella, and Lollapalooza, and shared the stage with Joanna Newsom, Broken Social Scene and Sufjan Stevens. The group toured in support of Canopy Glow with two headlining US tours, one tour of the UK, two European tours and two tours in Japan before going on hiatus in 2009.

On April 12, 2010, after a long silence from the band, member Bret Wallin addressed the inactivity on his personal blog:

> Many of you know me from a past life. One which included month-long van rides, small rooms in the back filled with bottled water, playing Tetris with a trailer and seven people's musical equipment, a dry hoodie over a sweat-filled shirt by the end of each night. So let's put it on the record. It's not as though we put a stake through Anathallo's vampire heart. It's more that we wandered the band back to rest, to let it sleep through the day. And whatever or whoever wakes up in its place, we'll see.

## Band members

### Final members

* Matt Joynt – vocals, guitar, auxiliary percussion, piano
* Bret Wallin – trombone, auxiliary percussion, vocals
* Danny Bracken – guitar, auxiliary percussion, vocals
* Seth Walker – bass, vocals
* Jeremiah Johnson – drums, percussion, vocals (current live drummer for Wild Nothing)
* Erica Walker – vocals, auxiliary percussion, autoharp
* Jamie Macleod – piano, trumpet, auxiliary percussion, vocals (current law professor at Brooklyn Law School)

### Former members

* Andrew Dost - flugelhorn, piano, vocals, auxiliary percussion *c d e* (current member of the band Fun.)
* Greg Leppert – trumpet (current member of the band Foxhole)
* Ken Fedor, auxiliary guitarist (of band Pending Happiness)
* Joel Thiele – drums *a b c d e*
* Nathan Sandberg – trombone, auxiliary percussion, piano, vocals *a b c d e*
* Kevin Greenlees, The Jig – trombone, auxiliary percussion, vocals *c d e*
* Glenn King – guitar, auxiliary percussion, vocals *a b c d*
* Ty Forquer – drums, auxiliary percussion, keyboard *a b*

(letters denote albums that former members recorded and or wrote: *a* *Luminous Luminescence in the Atlas Position*, *b* *Sparrows*, *c* *A Holiday at the Sea*, *d* *Hymns EP*, *e* *Floating World*)

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Title | Record label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Luminous Luminescence in the Atlas Position* | Artist Friendship |
| 2002 | *Sparrows* | Artist Friendship |
| 2006 | *Floating World* | Nettwerk |
| 2008 | *Canopy Glow* | Anticon |

### EPs

| Year | Title | Record label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *A Holiday at the Sea* | Artist Friendship |
| 2004 | *Hymns* | Selah Records |

### Other

| Year | Title | Record label | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | *Entropy* | Potential Getaway Driver | 12-inch vinyl split EP with Javelins |
| 2006 | *Anathallogy* | Artist Collective | compilation album |
| 2008 | "Hanasakajijii (Four: A Great Wind, More Ash)" | Big Scary Monsters | UK-only 7-inch vinyl single |

## InfoBox

| Anathallo | |
| --- | --- |
| Andrew Dost and Jamie Macleod performing at Coachella in 2007 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, United States |
| Genres | Indie rock |
| Years active | 2000–09 |
| Labels | * Artist Friendship * Anticon * Moor Works |
|  | |
| Past members | * Andrew Dost * Matt Joynt * Bret Wallin * Danny Bracken * Seth Walker * Jeremiah Johnson * Erica Froman * Jamie Macleod * Joel Thiele * Kevin Greenlees (The Jig) * Nathan Sandberg * Glenn King * Ty Forquer |
|  | |
| Website | anathallo.com |


title: Häggenås SK

abstract: Häggenås SK is a sports club in Häggenås, Sweden, established on 2 January 1932. In 1951, the table tennis section was started. The women's soccer team was started in 1972, and played three seasons in the Swedish top division between 1978–1980.

text:
# Häggenås SK

**Häggenås SK** is a sports club in Häggenås, Sweden, established on 2 January 1932.

In 1951, the table tennis section was started.

The women's soccer team was started in 1972, and played three seasons in the Swedish top division between 1978–1980.

## InfoBox

Häggenås SK
| Full name | Häggenås sportklubb |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | basketball, soccer, table tennis, skiing<br>track and field athletics, racewalking, physical exercise, rink bandy |
| Founded | 2 January 1932 (1932-01-02) |
| Based in | Häggenås, Sweden |
| Ballpark | Tigervallen |


title: Mystic Mountain (Montana)

abstract: Mystic Mountain is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness in Custer National Forest and approximately 1.5 mi (2.4 km) west of Granite Peak.

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# Mystic Mountain (Montana)

**Mystic Mountain** (12,085 feet (3,684 m)) is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness in Custer National Forest and approximately 1.5 mi (2.4 km) west of Granite Peak.

## InfoBox

| Mystic Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Mystic MountainLocation in MontanaMystic MountainLocation in the United States | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 12,085 ft (3,684 m) |
| Prominence | 520 ft (160 m) |
| Coordinates | 45°10′04″N 109°50′26″W / 45.16778°N 109.84056°W / 45.16778; -109.84056 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Park County, Montana, U.S. |
| Parent range | Beartooth Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Granite Peak |


title: Philip Glassborow

abstract: Philip Glassborow is a playwright, lyricist and composer who writes for theatre, radio and television. His best-known theatre musical is The Great Big Radio Show! with book in collaboration with Nick McIvor, which was premiered by the Watermill Theatre in Newbury, showcased at the Bridewell Theatre in London, and had additional exposure via the off-Broadway York Theatre Company ‘Musicals in Mufti’ series (2005), and Malta’s National Theatre, Teatru Manoel (2014). Other theatre credits include a new musical version of “Peter Pan” by J. M. Barrie and “A Kid for Two Farthings” (lyrics) with music by Cyril Ornadel and book in collaboration with Robert Meadwell, based on the novel by Wolf Mankowitz. For BBC Radio, Philip compiled and presented “The Gorey Details” based on the work of Edward Gorey, which starred Frank Langella, Katherine Kellgren, Andreas Brown and David Suchet. He has dramatized many classic books for radio including “Billy Budd, Sailor” by Herman Melville; “Christopher Himself” based on 'Prater Violet' by Christopher Isherwood; “The Secret Garden,” starring Dame Joan Plowright, Ron Moody and Prunella Scales; and “Silas Marner” starring Michael Williams, Jenny Agutter, Alex Jennings and Edward Woodward. His dramatisation of Anthony Trollope's story "Christmas Day At Kirkby Cottage" starred Finty Williams, John Rhys-Davies and Julia McKenzie. In 2014, to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Red Cross inspection of Theresienstadt Concentration Camp, Glassborow was commissioned by director Adam Forde to write a new music theatre piece, Welcome To Terezin. The play was presented at the Edinburgh Festival Glassborow's musical play "Star Of Strait Street" was premiered as part of Valletta 2018, European Capital of Culture in May 2018. The play was previewed with the support of the Mackintosh Foundation for Malta's EU 2017 Presidency Arts Celebrations, at the Splendid Cultural Incubation Centre as part of the Strada Stretta Concept under the artistic direction of Giuseppe Schembri Bonaci.

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# Philip Glassborow

**Philip Glassborow** is a playwright, lyricist and composer who writes for theatre, radio and television. His best-known theatre musical is The Great Big Radio Show! (music and lyrics) with book in collaboration with Nick McIvor, which was premiered by the Watermill Theatre in Newbury, showcased at the Bridewell Theatre in London, and had additional exposure via the off-Broadway York Theatre Company ‘Musicals in Mufti’ series (2005), and Malta’s National Theatre, Teatru Manoel (2014).

Other theatre credits include a new musical version of “Peter Pan” by J. M. Barrie (Watermill Theatre, Newbury and Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford) and “A Kid for Two Farthings” (lyrics) with music by Cyril Ornadel and book in collaboration with Robert Meadwell, based on the novel by Wolf Mankowitz.

For BBC Radio, Philip compiled and presented “The Gorey Details” based on the work of Edward Gorey, which starred Frank Langella, Katherine Kellgren, Andreas Brown and David Suchet. He has dramatized many classic books for radio including “Billy Budd, Sailor” by Herman Melville; “Christopher Himself” based on 'Prater Violet' by Christopher Isherwood (which starred David Suchet, Adam Godley and Bernard Cribbins, and featured an interview with Don Bachardy); “The Secret Garden,” starring Dame Joan Plowright, Ron Moody and Prunella Scales; and “Silas Marner” starring Michael Williams, Jenny Agutter, Alex Jennings and Edward Woodward. His dramatisation of Anthony Trollope's story "Christmas Day At Kirkby Cottage" starred Finty Williams, John Rhys-Davies and Julia McKenzie.

In 2014, to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Red Cross inspection of Theresienstadt Concentration Camp, Glassborow was commissioned by director Adam Forde to write a new music theatre piece, *Welcome To Terezin*. The play was presented at the Edinburgh Festival

Glassborow's musical play "Star Of Strait Street" was premiered as part of Valletta 2018, European Capital of Culture in May 2018. The play was previewed with the support of the Mackintosh Foundation for Malta's EU 2017 Presidency Arts Celebrations, at the Splendid Cultural Incubation Centre as part of the Strada Stretta Concept under the artistic direction of Giuseppe Schembri Bonaci.


title: Nathaniel Mayer

abstract: Nathaniel Mayer was an American rhythm and blues singer, who started his career in the early 1960s at Fortune Records in his birthplace of Detroit, Michigan. "Nay Dog" or "Nate," as he was also known, had a raw, highly energetic vocal style and wild stage show. After a 35-year absence from music, in 2002 Mayer began recording and touring again, releasing albums with Fat Possum, Alive Records and Norton Records.

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# Nathaniel Mayer

**Nathaniel Mayer** (February 10, 1944 – November 1, 2008) was an American rhythm and blues singer, who started his career in the early 1960s at Fortune Records in his birthplace of Detroit, Michigan. "Nay Dog" or "Nate," as he was also known, had a raw, highly energetic vocal style and wild stage show. After a 35-year absence from music, in 2002 Mayer began recording and touring again, releasing albums with Fat Possum, Alive Records and Norton Records.

## Career

Mayer started his career at Fortune Records, a Detroit record label owned by Jack and Devora Brown. There he became label-mates with fellow Fortune stars Nolan Strong and Andre Williams. Mayer would stay with the label for six years, recording a handful of records.

When Mayer was 18 years old he scored a Top 40 hit record in 1962 with "Village of Love," credited to Nathaniel Mayer and The Fabulous Twilights. It was originally released on Fortune Records, who then leased the record to United Artists Records for wider distribution. Follow-ups such as "Leave Me Alone" (1962) and "I Had A Dream" (1963) failed to duplicate the success of "Village of Love" (although both records, especially "Leave Me Alone," sold well regionally). In 1966, Mayer released "I Want Love and Affection (Not The House Of Correction)," a funky offering in the James Brown vein. He then split with Fortune Records due to differences.

## Post Fortune Records

After Mayer's Fortune Records days, his whereabouts were practically unknown and only ever confirmed by rumors for several decades. Though he did surface in 1980 to record the "Raise the Curtain High" single. It would be the only release from Mayer between 1966 and 2002. Disappearing into the ghettos of East Detroit for the next two decades, rumors abounded. However, after Norton Records released "I Don't Want No Bald-Headed Woman Telling Me What to Do" in 2002 (a never before released recording from 1968), Mayer was inspired to record and perform again.

Mayer staged a full-fledged musical comeback in 2002. His once-sweet soul scream had deepened to a rasping growl, giving his latter albums a whole new feel. He played clubs and festivals, gaining a new generation of fans with his exciting live shows.

In 2004, Mayer returned to the studio to record *I Just Want to Be Held* for Fat Possum Records, a Mississippi label known mostly for releasing records by obscure bluesmen. In 2005, he toured with fellow Fat Possum artist The Black Keys. In 2006, the Dutch-based Stardumb Records released a 7" single featuring three songs taken from the Fat Possum album.

Mayer's last sessions were released across two albums, 2007's *Why Don't You Give It To Me?* and 2009's *Why Won't You Let Me Black?*, both on Alive Records and featuring Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys, Matthew Smith of Outrageous Cherry, Troy Gregory of The Dirtbombs, and Dave Shettler of SSM and The Sights. *Why Don't You Give It To Me?* was Julian Cope's Album of the Month on his Head Heritage site in May 2008.

The Detroit Cobras remade "Village of Love" in 1996. While "Leave Me Alone" was covered by The Hard Feelings in 2001. Eve Monsees, The Exiles and the Gibson Brothers have all recorded "I Had A Dream."

In 2014, Nathaniel Mayer was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.

## Death

Within a year after completing his first European tour, Mayer suffered multiple strokes. After months of hospitalization, Nathaniel Mayer died on November 1, 2008, in Detroit, Michigan.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Going Back To...The Village of Love* (1963, Fortune Records; CD is a 1996 compilation with 11 bonus tracks, Gold Dust Records, Italian bootleg import)
* *I Want Love and Affection (Not the House of Correction)* (1966, Fortune; re-released on Vampi Soul in 2011)
* *I Just Want to Be Held* (2004, Fat Possum Records)
* *Anthology: I Want Love and Affection* \[2xLP / CD digipack\] (2006, Vampi Soul)
* *Why Don't You Give It To Me?* (2007, Alive-Naturalsound Records)
* *Why Won't You Let Me Be Black?* (2009, Alive-Naturalsound Records)

### Singles

* "My Last Dance With You" / "My Little Darling" (1961) Fortune 542
* "Village of Love" / "I Want a Woman" (1962) Fortune 545; United Artists 449
* "Hurting Love" / "Leave Me Alone" (1962) Fortune 547; United Artists 487
* "Mr. Santa Claus (Bring Me My Baby)" / "Well, I've Got News (For You)" (1962) Fortune 550
* "Well, I've Got News (For You)" / "Work It Out" (1963) Fortune 550
* "I Had a Dream" / "I'm Not Gonna Cry" (1963) Fortune 554
* "Going Back To The Village of Love" / "My Last Dance With You" \[re-make\] (1964) Fortune 557
* "A Place I Know" / "Don't Come Back" (1964) Fortune 562
* "I Want Love and Affection (Not the House of Correction)" / "From Now On" (1966) Fortune 567
* "Raise the Curtain High" / "Super Boogie" (1980) Love Dog 101
* "I Don't Want No Bald Headed Woman Telling Me What To Do" / "I Don't Want No Bald Headed Woman Telling Me What To Do" (instrumental) (2002; recorded 1968) Norton 107
* "Ride In My 225" / "Mister Santa Claus" \[live\] (2005) Norton 126
* "I Found Out" (2006) Stardumb Records


title: Horkherty

abstract: Horkherty was an Ancient Egyptian official of the Twelfth Dynasty under king Senusret III. Horkherty is so far only known from his mastaba found next to the pyramid of the king at Dahshur. North of the Pyramid of Senusret III at Dahshur is a small cemetery belonging to officials serving under the king. The largest tomb there belongs to the treasurer Sobekemhat, a slightly smaller mastaba right next to this one belongs to the vizier Nebit. A third big mastaba belonged to Horkherty. The mastaba is not well preserved. His titles include royal sealer and king's acquaintance. Within his mastaba complex was found the unlooted burial of a woman called Sitwerut, perhaps the wife of Horkherty.

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# Horkherty

**Horkherty** was an Ancient Egyptian official of the Twelfth Dynasty under king Senusret III. Horkherty is so far only known from his mastaba found next to the pyramid of the king at Dahshur. North of the Pyramid of Senusret III at Dahshur is a small cemetery belonging to officials serving under the king. The largest tomb there belongs to the treasurer Sobekemhat, a slightly smaller mastaba right next to this one belongs to the vizier Nebit. A third big mastaba belonged to Horkherty. The mastaba is not well preserved. His titles include *royal sealer* and *king's acquaintance*. Within his mastaba complex was found the unlooted burial of a woman called Sitwerut, perhaps the wife of Horkherty.

1. Adela Oppenheimː *Elite tombs at the residence: the decoration and design of Twelfth Dynasty tomb chapels and mastabas at Lisht and Dahshur*. Iːn Jiménez-Serrano, Alejandro and Antonio J. Morales (eds), *Middle Kingdom palace culture and its echoes in the provinces: regional perspectives and realities*, Leiden; Boston 2021, ISBN 9789004442818, p. 363-387