title: Iron ore mining in Western Australia

abstract: Iron ore mining in Western Australia, in the 2018–19 financial year, accounted for 54 percent of the total value of the state's resource production, with a value of A$78.2 billion. The overall value of the minerals and petroleum industry in Western Australia was A$145 billion in 2018–19, a 26 percent increase on the previous financial year. Western Australia's iron ore output for 2020–21 was 838.7 million tonnes, the second-highest figure after 2017–18. The bulk of Western Australian ore went to China, which imported 82% of 2021 production, followed by Japan and South Korea, with 6% each. The state has the world's largest reserves of iron ore with 29% of the world's iron ore, followed by Brazil with 19%, Russia with 15% and China with 12%. In 2020–21 the Western Australian Government received A$9.8 billion in royalties from the iron ore mining industry in the state. The remaining life of the Pilbara iron ore fields has been estimated as 65 years from 2021.

text:
# Iron ore mining in Western Australia

**Iron ore mining in Western Australia**, in the 2018–19 financial year, accounted for 54 percent of the total value of the state's resource production, with a value of A$78.2 billion. The overall value of the minerals and petroleum industry in Western Australia was A$145 billion in 2018–19, a 26 percent increase on the previous financial year.

Western Australia's iron ore output for 2020–21 was 838.7 million tonnes, the second-highest figure after 2017–18. The bulk of Western Australian ore went to China, which imported 82% of 2021 production, followed by Japan and South Korea, with 6% each. The state has the world's largest reserves of iron ore with 29% of the world's iron ore, followed by Brazil with 19%, Russia with 15% and China with 12%.

In 2020–21 the Western Australian Government received A$9.8 billion in royalties from the iron ore mining industry in the state. The remaining life of the Pilbara iron ore fields has been estimated as 65 years from 2021.

## History

Australian Iron and Steel had leases for the iron ore deposit on Cockatoo Island, in Yampi Sound, and later secured leases over deposits on the neighbouring Koolan Island. The company bought a schooner, *Geraldton*, carried out survey work on Cockatoo Island in 1929 and 1930, and built some accommodation buildings and a reservoir on the island in 1932. The housing was deserted by May 1934. Cecil Hoskins tried to obtain financial support from Japanese mining interests to develop the Yampi Sound ore deposits—some of the ore was to be exported to Japan—but discussions apparently broke down in early 1935. After the end of the Second World War, the company, now a BHP subsidiary, began developing the deposit on Cockatoo Island, and its first ore shipment was in 1951.

Iron ore mining also took place at Wundowie and later at Koolyanobbing, to feed the Wundowie charcoal iron blast furnaces, from 1948 to 1981. Koolyanobing also supplied ore to a BHP owned blast furnace at Kwinana, from 1968 to 1982. Since that time, apart from a short-lived Direct Reduced Iron plant, at Port Hedland, no iron has been smelted in Western Australia, and almost all ore mined has been exported.

While the Pilbara iron ore deposits were known, such as the Mount Whaleback deposit discovered in 1957 by Stan Hilditch, it was not until 1960, when the Australian government lifted the embargo on iron ore exports that it had put in place because of concerns the mineral was in short supply, that mining began in earnest. Up until the mid-1960s, iron ore production in Western Australia, and Australia as a whole, was negligible, in the range of less than 10 million tons a year. By the mid-1970s, this figure had reached 100 million tonnes, with the majority coming from Western Australia. Production slightly declined in the 1980s but it improved in the 1990s, reaching 150 million tonnes for the country by 1997 and 200 million tonnes by 2003.

The first mine in the Pilbara, the Goldsworthy mine, was developed in 1965 by Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates, a joint venture between the British-owned Consolidated Goldfields (Aust) Pty Ltd, Cyprus Mines Corporation of Los Angeles, and Utah Construction & Mining Company of San Francisco. A private railway line, the Goldsworthy railway, as well as port facilities at Finucane Island, Port Hedland, were also constructed. On 1 June 1966, the first shipment of iron ore from the Pilbara left on board *Harvey S. Mudd*.

BHP's operations in Newman date back to 1968, when the Mount Whaleback mine was opened, the biggest single open-pit iron ore mine in the world. A new town, Mount Newman, was constructed, as well as a 426 kilometre railway line, the Mount Newman railway. The first train left Mount Newman on 1 January 1969 and the first shipment of Newman ore left port on 1 April 1969 on board of *Osumi Maru*. Newman remained a "closed" company town until 1981.

Rio Tinto's iron ore operations in the Pilbara began in 1966, with the Mount Tom Price mine opened that year, becoming the company's first mine to open in the Pilbara.

## Overview

### Exploration

In 2008–09, expenditure for exploration in iron ore in Western Australia increased by 33 percent compared to the previous financial year, 2007–08. The A$560 million spend on iron ore exploration accounted for 45 percent of all mineral exploration expenditure in the state.

### Production

The bulk of iron ore production in Western Australia comes from the Pilbara region of the state. A number of mines however are also located in the Mid West and Kimberley regions as well as in the Wheatbelt.

The big two producers, Rio Tinto and BHP accounted for 90 percent of all iron ore production in the state in 2008–09, with the third-biggest producer being the Fortescue Metals Group.

Rio Tinto operates twelve iron ore mines in Western Australia, BHP seven, Fortescue two, all of those are located in the Pilbara region.

### Railways

#### Pilbara region

The three largest iron ore producers operate private rail networks to transport ore from their mines to ports on the coast.

BHP operates the Goldsworthy railway and the Mount Newman railway, both terminating at Port Hedland.

Rio Tinto operates the Hamersley & Robe River railway, formed in a 2001 merger of the Hamersley and Robe River railways. The two lines terminate at Cape Lambert and Dampier.

FMG's Fortescue railway, a relative newcomer, started operation in 2008. The line terminates at Port Hedland. Before deciding to construct its own line, the National Competition Council of Australia received an application from FMG, on 15 June 2004, to use part of the Mount Newman railway and also part of the Goldsworthy railway.

In June 2010, the Australian Competition Tribunal ruled that FMG would be granted access to Rio Tinto's Robe River line and BHP Billiton's Goldsworthy line but not to the busier Hamersley and Mount Newman lines. Treasurer Wayne Swan suggested that several advantages would accrue from access to the rail lines by third parties. It would increase competition, reduce duplication of infrastructure, and reduce environmental damage. Atlas Iron, another junior iron ore miner, is hopeful to come to terms with BHP Billiton in regards to using some of the company's rail infrastructure, the Goldsworthy railway, in the future. BHP, in late 2010, had agreed to a joint feasibility study into how an arrangement might work.

Access to the rail networks by third parties is governed by the State Agreements Act.

#### Westrail region

Other mines connect to port using the state government-owned railways. Examples are Windarling Range and Koolyanobbing – from Koolyanobbing to the port of Esperance; Karara mine using the Karara railway to link to the state network at Morawa; Koolanooka using a 60 km spur line linking to the state network at Morawa; and Mt Gibson trucking to an ore loading siding at Perenjori.

### Ports

In the Pilbara, iron ore is shipped from Port Hedland, Dampier and Cape Lambert. The latter two ports are exclusively used by Rio Tinto, while Port Hedland is used by BHP, FMG and Atlas Iron.

Port facilities at Port Hedland consist of Nelson Point and Finucane Island, both BHP, and Herb Elliott Port, used by FMG. In Dampier, ore is shipped from Parker Point and East Intercourse Island.

The non-Pilbara mines ship their ore out of other ports: Windarling Range ships from the port of Esperance; the Jack Hills, Koolanooka, Mungada and Mt Gibson mines ship from Geraldton.

### Projects

Cockatoo & Koolan IslandKoolyanobbingJack HillsKoolanookaMungadaMt GibsonTallering PeakWundowieDampierTom PriceWindarling RangeParaburdooPannawonicaPort HedlandNewman**Perth**class=notpageimage|Major iron ore mining locations in Western Australia with Perth as a reference

BHP is currently spending A$1.85 billion on its *Rapid Growth Project 4*, aimed at increasing its annual iron ore output to 155 million tonnes. To achieve this, upgrades to both mines and port facilities are necessary. The project is scheduled for completion by 2010. As a follow-up, *Rapid Growth Project 5*, with a budget of A$4.8 billion, targets a further production increase of 50 million tonnes annually. Additionally to upgrades at the mines and ports, it will also include duplication of existing railway lines and is scheduled for completion in late 2011. The Jimblebar mine is part of another expansion project, launched in 2010 and aimed at increasing production from the Pilbara mines to 240 million tonnes of iron ore annually by 2013. The expansion of Jimlebar, together with an expansion of the inner harbour at Port Hedland and works on the duplication of rail tracks is estimated to cost A$2.15billion. The project is titled *Rapid Growth Project 6*.

Rio Tinto declared its intent to expand the Hope Downs mine, spending a further A$1.78 billion on its new Hope Downs 4 project, scheduled to produce 15 million tonnes of iron ore annually by 2013. Rio has commenced construction on its new Western Turner Syncline project. Rio Tinto allocated a further A$1.24 billion in early December 2010, to expand the Brockman 4 mine to 40 million tonnes per annum, from 22, as well as develop its Western Turner Syncline project, raising planned production there from 6 to 15 million tonnes, with the aim of increasing the Pilbara production to 283 million tonnes per annum by late 2013. The expansion would make Brockman 4 Rio Tinto's second-largest mine in the Pilbara. The company has also begun further construction at the port at Cape Lambert, which is scheduled to undergo a further expansion, to be completed by 2012. The new expansion is scheduled to cost A$276 million. The expansion is part of a plan to raise Rio's annual production from the Pilbara from 220 to 330 million tonnes annually by 2016. To achieve this, the Cape Lambert port capacity will be expanded to handle an additional 100 million tonnes annually.

Plans by the Fortescue Metals Group to increase production from 39 million tonnes to 55 million tonnes through a US$220 million upgrade of the Cloud Break mine had to be abandoned in October 2009 because of funding difficulties through its Chinese investors. Instead, Fortescue decided to develop its Christmas Creek mine, at a cost of US$360 million, by building a mine and process plant there and linking it to its existing rail network. Christmas Creek is scheduled to produce 16 million tonnes of iron ore in its first year of operation. Fortescue plans to reach an annual production of 95 million tonnes of iron ore by 2012, downgraded from an earlier target of 120 million.

At Cape Preston, CITIC Pacific Mining is currently, as of 2010, in the process of constructing a 27.6 million tonnes per annum magnetite iron ore mine, named the Sino Iron Project.

### Export

China, in 2008–09, was the main importer of Western Australian iron ore, having taken 64 percent, or A$21 billion in value. Japan was the second-most important market with 21 percent, followed by South Korea with 10 percent and Taiwan with 3. In comparison, Europe is a small market for ore from the state, having taken only one percent of the overall production in 2008–09.

## Criticism

The iron ore mining boom in Western Australia experienced since the early 2000s has not exclusively been seen as positive. Communities in the Pilbara region have seen a large influx of residential and Fly-in fly-out workers which has seen land prices skyrocket and has negatively affected tourism as accommodation has become sparse.

### Aboriginal communities

Australian Aboriginal culture in the region is deeply connected to the land and water and the mining activities threaten the fragile desert environment of the Pilbara. Locals in the Pilbara argue that the wealth generated by the local mining industry is passing them by and they are left behind. A lack of accommodation and the unattractive nature of relocating to the "dusty outback" resulted in a majority work force of fly-in fly-out workers, depriving local towns of the benefits of a high-earning permanent population.

Mining companies in Australia have, since 1992, changed their attitude towards the local Aboriginal population. In 1992, the Australian government began to recognise the land rights of the Indigenous Australians, opening an opportunity for the latter to engage in negotiations with mining companies to press for compensation and for assistance in preserving cultural artifacts. However, some Aboriginals feel short-changed, given the enormous profits made from mining, and also consider the financial benefits and employment opportunities as insufficient compensation for the destruction caused to their habitat.

Aboriginal mining companies have been able to secure contracts with the big international mining companies. In 2007, BHP Billiton awarded a A$300 million contract to Ngarda Civil and Mining, an Aboriginal-owned company, to manage the Yarrie mine, the largest ever mining contract awarded to an Aboriginal company. As part of the five-year contract, BHP Billiton planned to increase the number of Aboriginal workers at the mine to 70, out of a total of 90 workers. The managing director of Ngarda, Brian Taylor, saw this contract as a positive step, moving Aboriginal people in the region away from government welfare and into permanent employment. Western Australian Aboriginals, in 2007, suffered from an unemployment rate of 14 percent in the state, compared to 3.3% for the general population. Of the 12,000 people employed by BHP Billiton in its Pilbara operations in 2010, 700 were indigenous. Rio Tinto also, as of 2010, employs 700 indigenous workers in its Pilbara operations, comprising 6 percent of its overall work force. FMG, under the leadership of Andrew Forrest, is driving a national program which aims to find 50,000 jobs for indigenous workers in Australia. Companies like BHP, FMG and Rio Tinto have programs aimed at increasing the number of Aboriginal employees in their operations. Indigenous Australians in Western Australia in 2001 accounted for 3.1% of the population.

Companies however lack an understanding of Aboriginal culture, which requires young men to be sent to the bush for up to six weeks to hunt and learn about their culture. Companies are often unwilling to award their indigenous employees this time off to be able to perform these important traditions.

## Safety

Since the late 1960s, when the Department of Mines began categorising fatalities by commodity, until 2010, 86 work-related fatalities have occurred in the iron ore mining industry in Western Australia.

## List of active mines

This is a list of major active iron ore mines in Western Australia in 2022–23, according to the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety. To qualify for the department's official list of principal mining projects an operation has to either had mineral sales valued at more than $5 million, or, for operations where such figures are not reported, had a minimum of 50 employees:

| Mine | Owner 1 | Shire | Capacity 2 | Opening year | Coordinates 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Miralga Creek mine | Atlas Iron | Shire of East Pilbara | 2 | 2022 | 21°00′17″S 119°19′04″E / 21.0047°S 119.3179°E / -21.0047; 119.3179 (Miralga Creek mine) |
| Mt Webber mine | Atlas Iron | Shire of East Pilbara | 9 | 2014 | 21°32′13″S 119°17′20″E / 21.5369°S 119.2888°E / -21.5369; 119.2888 (Mt Webber mine) |
| Sanjiv Ridge mine | Atlas Iron | Shire of East Pilbara | 4 | 2021 | 21°24′14″S 119°41′35″E / 21.4040°S 119.6930°E / -21.4040; 119.6930 (Sanjiv Ridge mine) |
| Area C mine | BHP | Shire of East Pilbara | 55 | 2003 | 22°55′12″S 118°58′28″E / 22.919955°S 118.974471°E / -22.919955; 118.974471 (Area C mine) |
| Jimblebar mine | BHP | Shire of East Pilbara | 14 | 1989 | 23°23′04″S 120°07′23″E / 23.384341°S 120.123142°E / -23.384341; 120.123142 (Jimblebar mine) |
| Newman West | BHP | Shire of East Pilbara | 38 | 1968 | 23°21′55″S 119°40′31″E / 23.365360°S 119.675400°E / -23.365360; 119.675400 (Newman West) |
| Newman East | BHP | Shire of East Pilbara | 12 |  | 23°20′23″S 119°47′59″E / 23.339630°S 119.799797°E / -23.339630; 119.799797 (Newman East) |
| South Flank mine | BHP | Shire of East Pilbara | 80 | 2021 | 22°59′27″S 118°52′43″E / 22.990875°S 118.878686°E / -22.990875; 118.878686 (South Flank mine) |
| Yandi mine | BHP | Shire of East Pilbara | 41 | 1992 | 22°44′01″S 119°07′06″E / 22.733650°S 119.118202°E / -22.733650; 119.118202 (Yandi mine) |
| Iron Ridge mine | Fenix Resources | Shire of Cue | 1.25 | 2021 | 26°57′14″S 117°40′45″E / 26.953788°S 117.679282°E / -26.953788; 117.679282 (Iron Ridge mine) |
| Christmas Creek mine | FMG | Shire of East Pilbara | 16 | 2009 | 22°22′46″S 119°50′59″E / 22.3794°S 119.8496°E / -22.3794; 119.8496 (Christmas Creek mine) |
| Cloud Break mine | FMG | Shire of Ashburton | 28 | 2008 | 22°19′26″S 119°23′49″E / 22.3240°S 119.3969°E / -22.3240; 119.3969 (Cloud Break mine) |
| Eliwana mine | FMG | Shire of Ashburton | 30 | 2020 | 22°28′16″S 116°49′40″E / 22.47103°S 116.827671°E / -22.47103; 116.827671 (Eliwana mine) |
| Firetail mine | FMG | Shire of Ashburton | 27 | 2013 | 22°12′54″S 117°53′41″E / 22.214953°S 117.894646°E / -22.214953; 117.894646 (Firetail mine) |
| Kings Valley mine | FMG | Shire of Ashburton | 40 | 2014 | 22°07′14″S 117°52′38″E / 22.120451°S 117.877102°E / -22.120451; 117.877102 (Kings Valley mine) |
| Queens Valley mine | FMG | Shire of Ashburton |  | 2022 | 22°08′26″S 117°49′06″E / 22.140627°S 117.818452°E / -22.140627; 117.818452 (Queens Valley mine) |
| Roy Hill mine | Hancock Prospecting | Shire of East Pilbara | 60 | 2015 | 22°37′19″S 119°57′30″E / 22.621944°S 119.958333°E / -22.621944; 119.958333 (Roy Hill mine) |
| Karara mine | Karara Mining Limited | Shire of Perenjori | 8 | 2010 | 29°11′28″S 116°45′38″E / 29.191111°S 116.760556°E / -29.191111; 116.760556 (Karara mine) |
| Iron Valley mine | BCI Minerals (operated by Mineral Resources) | Shire of East Pilbara | 8 | 2014 | 22°43′36″S 119°19′28″E / 22.726642°S 119.324313°E / -22.726642; 119.324313 (Iron Valley mine) |
| Koolyanobbing mine | Mineral Resources | Shire of Yilgarn | 8 | 2018 | 30°49′02″S 119°31′12″E / 30.81721°S 119.51990°E / -30.81721; 119.51990 (Koolyanobbing mine) |
| Wonmunna mine | Mineral Resources | Shire of East Pilbara | 5 | 2021 | 23°07′48″S 119°02′34″E / 23.129957°S 119.042795°E / -23.129957; 119.042795 (Wonmunna mine) |
| Koolan Island mine | Mount Gibson Iron | Shire of Derby–West Kimberley | 0.4 | 2007 | 16°07′31″S 123°44′18″E / 16.125278°S 123.738333°E / -16.125278; 123.738333 (Koolan Island mine) |
| Brockman 2 mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 8.7 | 1992 | 22°25′38″S 117°20′29″E / 22.427290°S 117.341301°E / -22.427290; 117.341301 (Brockman 2 mine) |
| Brockman 4 mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 22 | 2010 | 22°34′31″S 117°16′07″E / 22.575371°S 117.268501°E / -22.575371; 117.268501 (Brockman 4 mine) |
| Channar mine | Rio Tinto (60%), Sinosteel (40%) | Shire of Ashburton | 20 | 1990 | 23°18′48″S 117°47′06″E / 23.313320°S 117.785103°E / -23.313320; 117.785103 (Channar mine) |
| Eastern Range mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 20 | 2004 | 23°18′48″S 117°47′06″E / 23.313320°S 117.785103°E / -23.313320; 117.785103 (Eastern Range mine) |
| Gudai-Darri mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of East Pilbara | 43 | 2022 | 22°30′20″S 119°01′39″E / 22.505666°S 119.027416°E / -22.505666; 119.027416 (Gudai-Darri mine) |
| Hope Downs mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of East Pilbara | 30 | 2007 | 23°08′42″S 119°34′19″E / 23.144968°S 119.572064°E / -23.144968; 119.572064 (Hope Downs mine) |
| Hope Downs 4 mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of East Pilbara | 15 | 2014 | 23°08′50″S 119°32′45″E / 23.147274°S 119.545879°E / -23.147274; 119.545879 (Hope Downs 4 mine) |
| Marandoo mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 15 | 1994 | 22°38′25″S 118°07′15″E / 22.640150°S 118.120796°E / -22.640150; 118.120796 (Marandoo mine) |
| Mesa A mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 25 | 2010 | 21°40′12″S 115°54′14″E / 21.669979°S 115.903999°E / -21.669979; 115.903999 (Mesa A mine) |
| Mesa J mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 7 | 1994 | 21°45′00″S 116°14′32″E / 21.750059°S 116.242203°E / -21.750059; 116.242203 (Mesa J mine) |
| Mount Tom Price mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 28 | 1966 | 22°44′58″S 117°46′22″E / 22.749531°S 117.772697°E / -22.749531; 117.772697 (Mount Tom Price mine) |
| Nammuldi mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 6.6 | 2006 | 22°25′07″S 117°21′37″E / 22.418579°S 117.360397°E / -22.418579; 117.360397 (Nammuldi mine) |
| Paraburdoo mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 20 | 1972 | 23°13′36″S 117°36′30″E / 23.226780°S 117.608200°E / -23.226780; 117.608200 (Paraburdoo mine) |
| Silvergrass mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton | 10 | 2017 | 22°19′19″S 117°18′08″E / 22.321905°S 117.302219°E / -22.321905; 117.302219 (Silvergrass mine) |
| West Angelas mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of East Pilbara | 29.5 | 2002 | 23°10′23″S 118°45′53″E / 23.173010°S 118.764702°E / -23.173010; 118.764702 (West Angelas mine) |
| Western Turner mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of Ashburton |  | 2021 | 22°40′09″S 117°35′32″E / 22.669181°S 117.592264°E / -22.669181; 117.592264 (Western Turner mine) |
| Yandicoogina mine | Rio Tinto | Shire of East Pilbara | 52 | 1998 | 22°46′09″S 119°13′49″E / 22.769150°S 119.230400°E / -22.769150; 119.230400 (Yandicoogina mine) |
| Blue Hills mine | Sinosteel Midwest Corporation | Shire of Perenjori | 1 | 2021 | 29°08′27″S 116°52′14″E / 29.140746°S 116.870469°E / -29.140746; 116.870469 (Blue Hills mine) |

* 1 Majority-owner and operator shown only
* 2 Capacity is the production capacity of the mine, not actual annual production, and is in million tonnes of iron ore per annum
* 3 Coordinates of the main processing facility

## List of inactive and exhausted mines

This is a list of former iron ore mines in Western Australia:

| Mine | Owner | Location | Region | Opening year | Closing year |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cockatoo Island mine | Pluton Resources | Cockatoo Island | Kimberley | 1995 (1951-1986) | 2015 |
| Goldsworthy mine | Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates | Goldsworthy | Pilbara | 1966 | 1982 |
| Jack Hills mine | Mitsubishi Corporation | Jack Hills | Mid West | 2006 | 2012 |
| Koolanooka mine | Sinosteel Midwest | Morawa | Mid West | 2010 (1965-1974) | 2013 |
| Nimingarra mine | BHP Biliton | Goldsworthy | Pilbara | 1988 | 2007 |
| Shay Gap mine | Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates | Shay Gap | Pilbara | 1973 | 1993 |
| Tallering Peak | Mount Gibson Iron | Mullewa | Mid West | 2004 | 2014 |
| Wundowie mine | Charcoal Iron & Steel Industry (WA Government) | Wundowie | Wheatbelt | 1948 | 1951 |
| Yarrie mine | BHP | Yarrie | Pilbara | 1993 | 2014 |

## Statistics

Annual statistics for the Western Australian iron ore mining industry:

| Subject | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Production (million tonnes/annum) | 106.27 | 107.67 | 111.64 | 111.73 | 119.69 | 133.13 | 132.90 | 141.29 | 149.74 | 141.02 |
| Production value (A$ billion) | 2.25 | 2.65 | 2.95 | 2.99 | 2.87 | 2.79 | 2.92 | 3.16 | 3.93 | 3.97 |

| Subject | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Production (million tonnes/annum) | 151.2 | 161.8 | 164.6 | 188.2 | 202.0 | 233.2 | 242.6 | 257.6 | 291.0 | 316.5 |
| Production value (A$ billion) | 3.72 | 4.91 | 5.21 | 5.19 | 5.33 | 8.30 | 12.7 | 15.7 | 22.0 | 33.6 |
| WA Royalty Receipts (A$ million) | 285 | 272 | 290 | 330 | 534 | 774 | 830 | 1,518 | 1,701 | 2,394 |
| Employees | 9,103 | 9,289 | 11,184 | 12,585 | 13,727 | 16,203 | 18,387 | 23,185 | 26,051 | 27,537 |

| Subject | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Production (million tonnes/annum) | 385.0 | 397.6 | 454.4 | 512.6 | 623.5 | 718.8 | 748.1 | 793.0 | 839.4 | 790.6 |
| Production value (A$ billion) | 35.3 | 57.6 | 60.8 | 56.4 | 75.2 | 54.4 | 48.8 | 64.3 | 62.1 | 81.8 |
| WA Royalty Receipts (A$ million) | 3,785 | 3,535 | 4,344 | 5,226 | 5,448 | 4,026 | 3,600 | 4,708 | 4,476 | 4,884 |
| Employees | 33,345 | 43,008 | 55,323 | 60,844 | 58,257 | 58,093 | 53,229 | 53,221 | 53,716 | 59,525 |

| Subject | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Production (million tonnes/annum) | 836.8 | 838.7 | 844.4 | 861.3 |
| Production value (A$ billion) | 104.6 | 154.7 | 137.1 | 125.1 |
| WA Royalty Receipts (A$ million) | 7,802 | 9,797 | 10,848 | 9,400 |
| Employees (Full time) | 52,321 | 60,488 | 59,724 | 61,203 |
| Employees (all personnel on site) | 65,454 | 76,150 | 78,974 | \[1\] |

* **^\[1\]** Full time employees only. Up until 2022, the Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest listed a combined figure of both full time employees and on-site personnel but the latter was not included in the 2022–23 edition, which only listed full time employees.

## InfoBox

| Iron ore mining in Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Position of Western Australia within Australia highlighted | |
| Location | |
| State | Western Australia |
| Country | Australia |
| Regulatory authority | |
| Authority | Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety |
| Website | www.dmirs.wa.gov.au |
| Production | |
| Commodity | Iron ore |
| Production | 861.3 million tonnes |
| Value | A$125.1 billion |
| Employees | 61,203 (FTE)\[1\] |
| Year | 2022–23 |


title: Wellington Valley Mission

abstract: Wellington Valley Mission was a Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission near Wellington, New South Wales, and one of the earliest attempts to "civilise and Christianise" Aboriginal Australians. It was founded in 1830 and closed 12 years later, in 1842. The CMS established the mission in 1832, led by the Rev. William Watson and Rev. Johann Simon Christian Handt. They were granted 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) and £500 per annum to run the mission. A drought in the early days made it almost impossible to provide enough food for the mission. On 2 March 1833, Watson recorded the following in his journal: "Our men attempted to plow [sic], but broke the coulter [blade] immediately owing to the ground being so dry and hard. We have had very little rain for a long time. Our garden and indeed vegetation in general is almost parched up. Scarcely any food for the cattle." The mission was also plagued by internal quarrelling and rumours. In 1837, Handt moved away because of his wife's poor health and was replaced by James Günther, who also fought with Watson. Another man, William Porter, joined the mission to assist with the cultivation of the land, but was later found to have acted inappropriately towards some of the Aboriginal women. Watson attempted to gain control of any Aboriginal children he could get his hands on, gaining a reputation among Aboriginal women as an "eagle hawk" and kidnapper. Eventually, Watson left Wellington Valley and, taking the children with him, established a new mission called Apsley. The mission was closed in 1842 after ten years of difficulty and little success.

text:
# Wellington Valley Mission

**Wellington Valley Mission** was a Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission near Wellington, New South Wales, and one of the earliest attempts to "civilise and Christianise" Aboriginal Australians. It was founded in 1830 and closed 12 years later, in 1842.

The CMS established the mission in 1832, led by the Rev. William Watson and Rev. Johann Simon Christian Handt. They were granted 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) and £500 per annum to run the mission.

A drought in the early days made it almost impossible to provide enough food for the mission. On 2 March 1833, Watson recorded the following in his journal: "Our men attempted to plow \[sic\], but broke the coulter \[blade\] immediately owing to the ground being so dry and hard. We have had very little rain for a long time. Our garden and indeed vegetation in general is almost parched up. Scarcely any food for the cattle."

The mission was also plagued by internal quarrelling and rumours. In 1837, Handt moved away because of his wife's poor health and was replaced by James Günther, who also fought with Watson. Another man, William Porter, joined the mission to assist with the cultivation of the land, but was later found to have acted inappropriately towards some of the Aboriginal women. Watson attempted to gain control of any Aboriginal children he could get his hands on, gaining a reputation among Aboriginal women as an "eagle hawk" and kidnapper. Eventually, Watson left Wellington Valley and, taking the children with him, established a new mission called Apsley.

The mission was closed in 1842 after ten years of difficulty and little success.


title: Israeli Internet Exchange

abstract: The Israeli Internet Exchange (IIX) is an Internet exchange point (IXP) that provides peering services for the Internet Service Providers in Israel, essentially routing all intra-Israel internet traffic. It is managed by the non-profit Israel Internet Association organization making it as well a not-for-profit operation. Until June 1996 much of the Israeli Internet service providers were connected by and to ILAN, by order of the Ministry of Communications these links had to be dismantled. This could have created a gap which would have caused intra-Israel traffic to be routed through North America. The Israel Internet Association decided to create IIX, to optimize Israeli routing.

text:
# Israeli Internet Exchange

The **Israeli Internet Exchange (IIX)** is an Internet exchange point (IXP) that provides peering services for the Internet Service Providers in Israel, essentially routing all intra-Israel internet traffic. It is managed by the non-profit Israel Internet Association organization making it as well a not-for-profit operation.

Until June 1996 much of the Israeli Internet service providers were connected by and to ILAN (the Israeli Academic Network), by order of the Ministry of Communications these links had to be dismantled. This could have created a gap which would have caused intra-Israel traffic to be routed through North America. The Israel Internet Association decided to create IIX, to optimize Israeli routing.

## InfoBox

Israeli Internet Exchange
| Abbreviation | IIX |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1996 |
| Location | Israel, Hod HaSharon (at Med-1) |
| Website | isoc.org.il/iix |
| Members | 15 as of August 2014 |


title: The Tinklers

abstract: The Tinklers are a band from Baltimore who have been together since 1979. The group consists of Charles Brohawn and Chris Mason, both of whom sing, play guitar, and percussion instruments of varying degrees of quality. Both members are also actively engaged in creating art in other mediums including visual art and books. Their music can be characterized as outsider music due to its lack of traditional musical skills and abilities including proficiency at their instruments and the ability to sing in tune. Their performance method and practice eschews conventional standards of skills thought necessary for making music and can be historically placed with other acts such as Jad Fair and Half Japanese, Daniel Johnston, and many more obscure musicians. While the band's roots are in the mid-70s Baltimore art scene, they did not release a proper record until 1990 when the band caught the attention of legendary producer Kramer. They were promptly signed to Kramer's record label Shimmy Disc and released their first LP, Casserole. The band would release two more LPs on Shimmy Disc - Saplings and Crash - all of which contain similar material. While The Tinklers have not disbanded, since 1993 the band has released only one full-length album, Slowpoke, and made a few other compilation appearances. Live performances are infrequent. Outside of The Tinklers, Brohawn also released a CD with Asa Osborne of Lungfish under the name Tear Jerks on Secret Eye Records. Throughout 2006 and 2007 the director Brian J. Averill followed the Tinklers and interviewed their friends creating the documentary Everybody Loves The Tinklers. The documentary was released November 3, 2007, at the Load of Fun space in Baltimore, Maryland. The Tinklers released their book The Elements on Rupert Wondolowski's Shattered Wig Press on October 9, 2009. A release show was held that night at the Shattered Wig Nite hosted by Rupert Wondolowski at Baltimore's 14 Karat Cabaret.

text:
# The Tinklers

**The Tinklers** are a band from Baltimore who have been together since 1979. The group consists of Charles Brohawn and Chris Mason, both of whom sing, play guitar, and percussion instruments of varying degrees of quality (including cigar boxes, spoons, and other types of junk). Both members are also actively engaged in creating art in other mediums including visual art and books. Their music can be characterized as outsider music due to its lack of traditional musical skills and abilities including proficiency at their instruments and the ability to sing in tune. Their performance method and practice eschews conventional standards of skills thought necessary for making music and can be historically placed with other acts such as Jad Fair and Half Japanese, Daniel Johnston, and many more obscure musicians.

While the band's roots are in the mid-70s Baltimore art scene, they did not release a proper record until 1990 when the band caught the attention of legendary producer Kramer. They were promptly signed to Kramer's record label Shimmy Disc and released their first LP, *Casserole*. The band would release two more LPs on Shimmy Disc \- *Saplings* and *Crash* \- all of which contain similar material.

While The Tinklers have not disbanded, since 1993 the band has released only one full-length album, *Slowpoke*, and made a few other compilation appearances. Live performances are infrequent.

Outside of The Tinklers, Brohawn also released a CD with Asa Osborne of Lungfish under the name Tear Jerks on Secret Eye Records.

Throughout 2006 and 2007 the director Brian J. Averill followed the Tinklers and interviewed their friends creating the documentary *Everybody Loves The Tinklers*. The documentary was released November 3, 2007, at the Load of Fun space in Baltimore, Maryland.

The Tinklers released their book *The Elements* on Rupert Wondolowski's Shattered Wig Press on October 9, 2009. A release show was held that night at the Shattered Wig Nite hosted by Rupert Wondolowski at Baltimore's 14 Karat Cabaret.

## Discography

**Albums**

**Singles, EPs & Other Appearances**

## InfoBox

| The Tinklers | |
| --- | --- |
| The Tinklers in 2023 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Years active | 1979  Present |
| Labels | Shimmy Disc |
|  | |
| Members | Charles Brohawn<br>Chris Mason |


title: WUSC-FM

abstract: WUSC-FM is a student-run college radio station operating at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina.

text:
# WUSC-FM

**WUSC-FM** (90.5 MHz) is a student-run college radio station operating at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina.

## Purpose

The purpose of WUSC-FM is to "educate and inform the listener and the DJ by providing musical diversity, information regarding student life and community events, and by airing Public Service Announcements." It is not related to KUSC, the classical radio station owned by the University of Southern California; the two institutions happen to share initials.

## Content

WUSC-FM is a free-format non-commercial educational radio station. The station's policy prohibits playing music that is in rotation at any other local station, or that has been on the Top 40 charts within the past 40 years. (This rule is sometimes ignored for special events, such as all-Beatles weekends or weekends devoted to the music of the 1980s). Some DJs have specialty shows, handling one genre such as soundtracks, hip-hop music, or electronic music. DJs who have "free-format" shows are required to play three genres of music during their show. Free-format show DJs are also required to grab 50 percent of what they play from heavy and light rotation. The station is owned and operated by the University of South Carolina.

WUSC is governed by the Board of Student Publications and Communications, the Department of Student Life, the Director of Student Media, and the USC Board of Trustees (the USC Board of Trustees holds the station's license).

A vast majority of the DJs at WUSC are current students at the university. However, the station allows faculty, staff, and WUSC alumni to host shows as well. One particular show, Red Bank Bar and Grill, has been aired off and on since 1978. It is currently the only show that is three hours long year-round; during the fall and spring semesters, shows are two hours long and air once per week. During summer and some academic breaks, shows become three hours long.

Each DJ is responsible for the content of their show, and several of the shows have unique names and themes. Names in the Spring 2006 semester include "Bitch Stole My Fish", "Concordia Discourse", "Billfred in the Niiiiiightiiiiiiiiime!" (which airs on Friday mornings), "Ska is for Suckers", and "Still Questionable".

Some notable shows over the years have included Locals Only (featuring bands from South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia), The Columbia Beet (local bands played live in the studio), the Red Bank Bar and Grill (an alternative country program), The Weekend Kicker (on Friday afternoons), Musical Mutiny (Sunday afternoons 1977-8, a progenitor of experimental/mash-up/sampling/"difficult" sounds; "Knox Abbott" was doing guerrilla radio about 30 years before it would become fashionable), Metal Cock Radio (an all heavy metal program), Origami (the station's first K-pop programming block), Blast From the Past (one of the earliest shows to focus on more esoteric music from the 1960s, first aired in 1978 and featuring groups such as the "Chocolate Watchband" and "Lothar and the Hand People"; a few years after the originator of the show had graduated and moved on, more recent listeners remember his apprentice, Freewheelin' Frank assuming the role of host).

Some notable DJs have included Orlando (from the early 1970s), Steven Prazak (late 70s-early 80s), Terry Rosen (musician) (jazz programming, late 70s-early 80s), Uncle Gram (host of the Red Bank Bar and Grill), "Knox Abbott" (host of Musical Mutiny), Clair DeLune (host of the Blues Moon), "Aris" (70's-80's hosted a weekend show of folk/Celtic/etc.), Brent "Studdog" Riley (a long time alumni DJ), Marc Minsker (The Outside Jazz show), Brian Kushera (jazz), Alec Edelson (host of "Metal Cock Radio"), Brian Glazer (mainly news/talk, but did music shows, too), Mark Bryan (guitarist for the band Hootie and the Blowfish), and DJs B-Rad and Cadence (hosts of the Sunday night show "All the Vibes").

## History

WUSC began as an AM station broadcasting at 640 kHz in 1947. In 1958, it was allocated the frequency of 89.9 MHz but moved to 730 kHz in the mid 1960s. However, its first broadcast as WUSC-FM was not until January 17, 1977, at 91.9 MHz.

During the period 1977–1982, one legal station ID featured a booming voice authoritatively announcing the station's "10,000 microwatts of power!", and another employed trumpet fanfare while majestically proclaiming, "...all the way to Cayce!", light-hearted jabs at the limited listening range of the ten watt signal. After "WUSC, Columbia," in the background of the "...all the way to Cayce!" ID, one could hear a very laid-back male voice ask "...what about Elgin?" Due to the geological lay of the land in relation to the station's antenna, the ten watt signal was known to reach listeners in Elgin, SC to the northeast, as well as South Congaree, SC to the southwest, especially on cloudy or overcast days, even though WUSC's effective radiated range was approximately 2 miles. Elgin and South Congaree are townships situated on hills at approximately the same elevation as that original ten watt antenna, so there was no interference from tall buildings or other hills, and the frequency modulation wave could travel uninterrupted to these listeners' receivers, defying the distance limits. In the 50's and 60's, the 10-watt station broadcast on 89.9 on FM, and it had a classical format, including a show on Sundays called the "Operatic Theater." It began to publish its programming for the first time in "The State" newspaper from Columbia on July 1, 1953 with the frequency listed as 89.9 in the Radio Guide section. The 730am station at that time had a different format and could only be received in college dormitories.

Despite its weak signal, the high quality station management and music programming WUSC enjoyed from the onset of its licensing on the FM band established it as a powerful, cutting edge musical force in the Greater Columbia area. WUSC subscribed to CMJ from the journal's inception in 1978: in so doing, WUSC's ten watt signal became one of a few brilliant beacons scattered across the national map, leading the country in the revolutionary underground music scene that would explode across America. By the time cable TV added MTV to its line-up in 1981, a significant portion of those cable TV subscribers in Columbia, SC immediately recognized MTV's "new" national artists as those which WUSC had been giving regular airplay since 1977.

Due to a restructuring of FCC law regarding low power stations across the country in 1982, WUSC had to boost its signal to at least 100 watts or lose its license to broadcast. Ending broadcast was never considered an option from the moment the FCC announced the new requirements, as WUSC had made its indelible mark on the air waves in Columbia, recognized as a unique and invaluable contributor to the surrounding community. At the time, there was little cost difference between a boost to 100 watts vs. one of 3000 watts—for example, the station would have to vacate the 91.9 frequency once its signal exceeded ten watts, regardless how powerful the new signal would be—administrators, therefore, made the decision to increase the signal to 3000 watts. It was then that WUSC-FM moved to its current frequency of 90.5 MHz.

In the early years of this new, wider-reaching phase of the station's existence, WUSC was led by Station Manager, Marc Fink; Program Director, Art Boerke; and Music Director, Rick "The Muffin Man" Wiener: this team instituted the fifty percent new music policy, insuring WUSC would continue its established role as one of Americas best, most respected college radio stations. The 3000 watt signal meant that specialty programming, such as Massive Metal, hosted by "Dredge Slug," aka Carl Singmaster (who later founded Manifest Discs and Tapes), could now easily waft to the metalheads all throughout Lexington County, for example. Increased listener accessibility from this significantly more powerful signal led to greater regional recognition of WUSC, rapidly becoming more broadly popular across the Midlands. Soon WUSC was involved with bringing numerous live music shows to Columbia.

WUSC-FM eventually had to reduce its power to its current 2,500 W because of fringe interference with another FM station.

In 1986, WUSC was featured in Rolling Stone Magazine, referring to WUSC as one of "The Taste Makers", in the College Issue of that year.

Although WUSC had a 14K webstream at the turn of the 21st century, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) introduced confusion to all Non-commercial educational (NCE) radio stations shortly afterwards. Due to the legal issues and exorbitant fees the DMCA threatened to impose, hundreds of NCE stations suspended all webstreaming beginning in 2002; WUSC was among these stations silenced on the web. In 2003, national legislators finally modified the DMCA such that NCE stations would be able to stream music and other copyrighted material at a reasonable cost, and WUSC-FM has been streaming its signal over the Internet regularly ever since.

In June 2006, WUSC-FM upgraded to a new high-definition digital transmitter which cost $70,000. The new signal provides CD-quality digital audio and also improves reception in fringe areas. The new transmitter includes a data channel for station name, names of songs and artists, plus other information. It also makes it possible for WUSC to broadcast several channels of audio simultaneously.

On March 26, 2007, WUSC sponsored an event where the world record for simultaneous yo-yoing was broken. The total number of people participating in the event was 932.

### The 1995 shutdown

In 1995, WUSC was shut down and its executive staff fired. The incident came after Chris Carroll, who was USC's Director of Student Media at the time, levied several allegations against the station, such as the station's license being "flagged" by the FCC for revocation because of the airing of a song by the band Pansy Division, as well as several secondary violations. (The staff later learned that this, among several other allegations by Carroll, was unfounded.)

Several members of the WUSC executive staff responded by publicly criticizing Carroll and the University administration through WUSC, The Daily Gamecock student newspaper and other local media outlets. As a result, the executive staff was removed by Jerry Brewer and Chris Carroll, and the station was operated solely by Carroll.

The station remained off the air for a brief period before resuming under new leadership and DJs selected by the Board of Student Publications. (A few DJs returned to the station from before, but many were either not invited to return or left in protest.) Before the new executive staff was selected, the DJs were allowed to play what they wanted, resulting in Top 40 music being aired on the station. However, once in power, the new staff returned to the prior music policy. But the damage had been done, and the station was also dropped as a reporter to CMJ, which charts college radio airplay.

Since Carroll's departure in 1997, the station has moved back towards its alternative/underground format, which had the station listed in some music journals as one of the top five college stations in the United States.

34°00′04″N 81°01′19″W / 34.001°N 81.022°W / 34.001; -81.022

## InfoBox

WUSC-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Columbia, South Carolina |
| Frequency | 90.5 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | *WUSC-FM* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Free-Format |
| Subchannels | HD2: World music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | University of South Carolina |
| History | |
| First air date | January 17, 1977 |
| Call sign meaning | **U**niversity of **S**outh **C**arolina |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,500 watts |
| HAAT | 77 meters (253 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | wusc.sc.edu |


title: Hii King Chiong

abstract: Hii King Chiong is a businessman and philanthropist. In recognition of his meritorious philanthropist activities and contributions to the State of Sarawak, government, and the people, he was conferred with Ahli Bintang Sarawak (A.B.S.) – Member of the Order of the Star of Sarawak by The Governor of Sarawak.

text:
# Hii King Chiong

**Hii King Chiong** (simplified Chinese: 许庆璋; traditional Chinese: 許慶璋; pinyin: *Xǔ Qìng Zhāng*; Jyutping: *Heoi2 Hing3 Zoeng1*; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Khó͘ Khèng-chiong*; born 30 November 1957 in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia) is a businessman and philanthropist. In recognition of his meritorious philanthropist activities and contributions to the State of Sarawak, government, and the people, he was conferred with Ahli Bintang Sarawak (A.B.S.) – Member of the Order of the Star of Sarawak by The Governor of Sarawak.

## Early life and education

Hii King Chiong is a Malaysian Chinese and of Foochow descent. He is married with Madam Ting Hua Eng with whom they had a son and a daughter. His father, YBhg. Datuk Hii Yii Peng who is a businessman in Sibu, always teach him the importance of contributing back to the society once successful. This has become his main life perspective. He was educated at Methodist Primary School and Sacred Heart Secondary School in Sibu. Upon his high school graduation, he took GCE 'O' Level at St. Patrick's Secondary School, Singapore, followed by GCE 'A' Level at Acton Technical College, London, United Kingdom. King Chiong graduated with Diploma in Business Studies, from University of Wolverhampton, England, UK. He further study to deepen his business knowledge, and obtained a Master of Business Administration.

Following his return to Sarawak, he applies what he learned from his university to expand the family business, into another stage of success.

## Political career

He joined Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP), Sibu Branch in 2006. He supports the party continuously by helping to campaign and making financial contributions. Hii served on the SUPP Piasau Branch Committee and as the Pro Tem chairman from 2012 to 2014. Hii's success in his political career is based largely on his accessibility to the community in Miri.

In 2016 he filed an election petition in Pujut, claiming that opposing candidate, Dr Ting Tiong Choon was ineligible to run in the election as he had dual citizenship. Despite this, Hii lost the election, but regularly campaigns on behalf of BN candidates in the region.

## Offices Commitment

Hii King Chiong has over numerous years, involved himself in different responsible capacities in various social bodies, including but not limited to schools, social associations, and so forth. He set-ups two service centres in Miri, recruited volunteers and has since solved many problems faced by the Miri Society.

Hii's philanthropy is focused on Chinese education, he works together with associations to negotiate the best for Chinese education and hoped that one day it would have the kind of recognition enjoyed by government schools. The association board of management continues to bear heavy financial constraints to solve problems, such as old and dilapidated wooden building. He however, upon losing in the Sarawak State Election 2016 for the seat of Pujut, refused to concede although losing by wide margin and challenged the results which was rejected by election court. He appealed to the Federal Court, hoping the court would declare him as winner by disqualifying Dr Ting Tiong Choon of DAP on dual citizenship technicalities.

The below shows some known offices held under the nomination by the associations.

1. Hii & Chin Service Centre – Advisor 2012
2. East Malaysia United Hawkers Association – Advisor 2012
3. Sarawak United Association of Chinese Primary Aided Schools Miri and Limbang Division. – Advisor 2012
4. Miri Foochow Association – Chairman 2007–2011; Deputy chairman 2011–2012.
5. Sarawak Chinese Education Consultative Committee – Member 2012
6. Miri Division Koh Yang Xu Clan Association – Chairman 2008–2012; Honorary Advisor 2012–2013
7. Miri Badminton Association – Honorary Advisor 2011
8. Miri Chinese Calligraphy & Cultural Society – Honorary Advisor 2011
9. Miri Chinese Association – Life Advisor – 2011
10. Che Sing Khor Moral Uplifting Society – Advisor 2009
11. Riam Road Secondary School, Miri – Honorary chairman 2006
12. SMK Sacret Heart, Sibu – Board of Management committee member 2005
13. SMK St. Elizabeth, Sibu – Board of Management committee member 2005

## InfoBox

| Hii King Chiong | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1957-11-30) 30 November 1957<br>Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia |
| Nationality | Malaysian |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Philanthropist |
| Political party | Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) part of Barisan Nasional |
| Website | www.hiikingchiong.com |


abstract: "Gonna Make You an Offer You Can't Refuse" is a song written in 1973 by John Worth, a pseudonym used by John Worsley. It was originally sung by the American soul singer Jimmy Helms, and the track was arranged by Mike Moran. The single was issued by Cube Records in the UK. The single first charted in February 1973, and it peaked at No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart, spending ten weeks in that listing. The track is still played on BBC Radio 2, with three outings between August 2017 and February 2018. Between 1972 and 1975, Helms recorded prolifically for the Cube label, largely due to the success of this song. However, he did not have another solo hit in the UK, although Helms found further chart success in both the UK and US as part of Londonbeat in 1990s.

text:
# Gonna Make You an Offer You Can't Refuse

"**Gonna Make You an Offer You Can't Refuse**" is a song written in 1973 by John Worth, a pseudonym used by John Worsley (also known as Les Vandyke). It was originally sung by the American soul singer Jimmy Helms, and the track was arranged by Mike Moran. The single was issued by Cube Records in the UK.

The single first charted in February 1973, and it peaked at No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart, spending ten weeks in that listing. The track is still played on BBC Radio 2, with three outings between August 2017 and February 2018.

Between 1972 and 1975, Helms recorded prolifically for the Cube label, largely due to the success of this song. However, he did not have another solo hit in the UK, although Helms found further chart success in both the UK and US as part of Londonbeat in 1990s.

## Cover versions

The song has also been recorded by Lisa Linn, and The Gentle Rain (also in 1973). Les McKeown also did a longer cover in his 1982 album, *Heart Control*.

## Other information

The song has appeared on a number of compilation albums including *Heart & Soul* (1997), *Everlasting Love* (1999), and Helms's own earlier collection *Gonna Make You An Offer...* (1975).

## InfoBox

| "Gonna Make You an Offer You Can't Refuse" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Jimmy Helms | |
| B-side | "Words and Music" |
| Released | February 1973 |
| Recorded | 1973 |
| Genre | Philadelphia soul |
| Length | 3:37 |
| Label | Cube Records \- BUG27 |
| Songwriter(s) | John Worth |
| Producer(s) | John Worth |
|  | |
| Performance video | |
| "Gonna Make You an Offer You Can't Refuse" on *TopPop* on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Archibald Keightley

abstract: Archibald Keightley was an English physician and Theosophist.

text:
# Archibald Keightley

**Archibald Keightley** (19 April 1859 – 18 November 1930) was an English physician and Theosophist.

## Biography

Keightley was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. In 1886, he obtained a degree from the Royal College of Physicians in London. He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and Master of Arts and Doctor of Medicine from Cambridge.

He joined the Theosophical Society in 1884. In the London Lodge of the TS at the time were: A.P. Sinnett, Dr. Anna Kingsford, William Kingsland, Prof. William Crookes, Frank Podmore, F.W.H. Myers, Edmund Gurney, Charles Massey.

Keightley was a prominent member of the TS who helped in the editing of Helena P. Blavatsky's magnum opus, *The Secret Doctrine*. He served as the General Secretary of the English Theosophical Society from 1888 to 1890. He was married to Julia van der Planck a.k.a. "Jasper Niemand", the author of a number of Theosophical tracts. Bertram Keightley, his uncle (although younger by one year), was also a Theosophist.

He later sided with William Quan Judge and his American branch over that led by Annie Besant, and then the faction associated with Ernest Temple Hargrove over that led by Katherine Tingley. After the death of his wife, he relocated to New York City, where he participated in the activities of the "Hargrove" branch until his death in 1930.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| Archibald Keightley | |
| --- | --- |
| Archibald Keightley in his early years | |
| Born | 19 April 1859
Sedgwick, Westmorland, UK |
| Died | 18 November 1930
New York City |
| Known for | Theosophist |
| Spouse | Julia van der Planck |


title: One Piece season 3

abstract: "Shouchi no Suke" The third season of the One Piece anime series, subtitled Enter Chopper at the Winter Island on home video, was produced by Toei Animation, and directed by Konosuke Uda based on Eiichiro Oda's manga by the same name. The third season deals with the Straw Hat Pirates trying to find a doctor after Nami falls sick. They sail to Drum Island where they face off against the Wapol Pirates. There they meet Chopper who joins the crew. The third season originally ran from August 26 through December 9, 2001, on Fuji TV and contained fifteen episodes. In North America and other territories, it was first licensed by 4Kids Entertainment and dubbed as part of a heavily edited localization. The total number of episodes was reduced due to some 4Kids episodes covering multiple Japanese ones. This version aired on August 27 though November 12, 2005, on the Fox Broadcasting Company and February 11 through February 18, 2006, on Cartoon Network, consisting of only twelve episodes. After 4Kids lost the license it was acquired by Funimation, who released the season on home video in 2009. This uncensored release contained a new English dub and the Japanese version with subtitles. Three pieces of theme music are utilized by the season's episodes: one opening theme and two ending themes. The opening theme is "Believe" by Folder5 in Japanese and Meredith McCoy in English. The ending themes are "Shouchi no Suke" by Shōjo Suitei in Japanese and Stephanie Young in English for the first 4 episodes and "Before Dawn" by Ai-Sachi in Japanese and Leah Clark in English for the remainder of the season. The 4Kids dub uses Russell Velasquez' "Pirate Rap V2" as opening for the whole season, except for the final episode, which uses his "Pirate Rap V3", and "Pirate Rap Instrumental" as ending theme.

text:
# One Piece season 3

The third season of the *One Piece* anime series, subtitled *Enter Chopper at the Winter Island* on home video, was produced by Toei Animation, and directed by Konosuke Uda based on Eiichiro Oda's manga by the same name. The third season deals with the Straw Hat Pirates trying to find a doctor after Nami falls sick. They sail to Drum Island where they face off against the Wapol Pirates. There they meet Chopper who joins the crew.

The third season originally ran from August 26 through December 9, 2001, on Fuji TV and contained fifteen episodes. In North America and other territories, it was first licensed by 4Kids Entertainment and dubbed as part of a heavily edited localization. The total number of episodes was reduced due to some 4Kids episodes covering multiple Japanese ones. This version aired on August 27 though November 12, 2005, on the Fox Broadcasting Company and February 11 through February 18, 2006, on Cartoon Network, consisting of only twelve episodes. After 4Kids lost the license it was acquired by Funimation, who released the season on home video in 2009. This uncensored release contained a new English dub and the Japanese version with subtitles.

Three pieces of theme music are utilized by the season's episodes (one less than before): one opening theme and two ending themes. The opening theme is "Believe" by Folder5 in Japanese and Meredith McCoy in English. The ending themes are "Shouchi no Suke" (しょうちのすけ, lit. That's a Fact!) by Shōjo Suitei in Japanese and Stephanie Young in English for the first 4 episodes and "Before Dawn" by Ai-Sachi in Japanese and Leah Clark in English for the remainder of the season. The 4Kids dub uses Russell Velasquez' "Pirate Rap V2" as opening for the whole season, except for the final episode, which uses his "Pirate Rap V3", and "Pirate Rap Instrumental" as ending theme.

## Episodes

| Orig. | 4Kids | No. in
season | 4Kids title/Funimation title
Original Japanese title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | English air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 78 | 48 | 1 | "Saving Nami"
**"Nami's Sick? Beyond the Snow Falling on the Sea!"**
Transliteration: "Nami ga byōki? Umi ni furu yuki no mukō ni!" (Japanese: ナミが病気?海に降る雪の向こうに!) | Yoshihiro Ueda | Junki Takegami | August 26, 2001 (2001-08-26) | August 27, 2005 |
| Nami is sick, but the crew doesn't have a doctor to help her. | | | | | | | | |
| 79 | 48 | 2 | "Saving Nami"
**"A Raid! The Tin Tyrant and Tin Plate Wapol!"**
Transliteration: "Kishū! Burikingu gō to Buriki no Waporu" (Japanese: 奇襲!ブリキング号とブリキのワポル) | Junji Shimizu | Junki Takegami | September 2, 2001 (2001-09-02) | August 27, 2005 |
| While looking for a doctor, the crew meets the pirate Wapol, who attacks them while trying to eat their ship with his Munch-Munch Fruit power, but only makes Luffy send him flying. Meanwhile Smoker manages to intercept the conversation between Mr. 0 and Sanji and plans to go to Alabasta. Back with the crew they arrive at last to an island only to find out they're not welcome. | | | | | | | | |
| 80 | 48–49 | 3 | "Saving Nami"/"Rabid Rabbits"
**"An Island without Doctors? Adventure in a Nameless Land!"**
Transliteration: "Isha no inai shima? Na mo naki kuni no bōken" (Japanese: 医者のいない島?名も無き国の冒険!) | Munehisa Sakai | Michiru Shimada | September 9, 2001 (2001-09-09) | August 27, 2005
September 10, 2005 |
| The Straw Hat crew manages to gain the trust of the people that attacked them, and are taken to the village, except for Zoro and Carue, who guard the ship. Luffy and Sanji must take Nami to the island's sole doctor who lives on a mountain-top. Vivi and Usopp discover the past of the island, and about the pirate Wapol from Dalton. | | | | | | | | |
| 81 | 49–50 | 4 | "Rabid Rabbits"/"Avalanche!"
**"Are You Happy? The Doctor Called Witch!"**
Transliteration: "Happī kai? Majo to yobareta isha!" (Japanese: ハッピーかい?魔女と呼ばれた医者!) | Kōnosuke Uda | Michiru Shimada | September 16, 2001 (2001-09-16) | September 10, 2005
September 17, 2005 |
| While Sanji and Luffy fight off the wilderness, the islander's worst nightmare turns true, as Wapol returns to the island. Dalton turns into a bison with his Zoan type Ox-Ox Fruit: Model Bison powers to confront him. The doctor is discovered to be on the other side of the island, and Usopp, Vivi and Dalton rush to find her. Dalton however returns as he hears of Wapol's return. | | | | | | | | |
| 82 | 50 | 5 | "Avalanche!"
**"Dalton's Resolve! Wapol's Corps Lands on the Island!"**
Transliteration: "Doruton no kakugo! Waporu gundan shima ni jōriku" (Japanese: ドルトンの覚悟!ワポル軍団島に上陸) | Harume Kosaka | Michiru Shimada | October 7, 2001 (2001-10-07) | September 17, 2005 |
| Dalton faces Wapol, but only gets himself hit by arrows thrown by his former comrade Chess. An avalanche stops the battle, but injures Sanji. Luffy must carry both Nami and Sanji to the doctor, and begins his ascent. | | | | | | | | |
| 83 | 51 | 6 | "The Big Climb"
**"The Island Where Snow Lives! Climb the Drum Rockies!"**
Transliteration: "Yuki no sumi shima! Doramu Rokkī o nobore!" (Japanese: 雪の住む島!ドラムロッキーを登れ!) | Hidehiko Kadota | Michiru Shimada | October 7, 2001 (2001-10-07) | September 24, 2005 |
| The Lapahn help Luffy escape from Wapol, giving him enough time to climb to the castle where doctor Kureha lives. Vivi, Usopp and Zoro deal with the king's army in order to save Dalton. The recovering Nami meets a strange creature. | | | | | | | | |
| 84 | 52 | 7 | "Tony Tony Chopper"
**"Blue-nosed Reindeer! Chopper's Secret!"**
Transliteration: "Tonakai wa aoppana! Choppā no himitsu!" (Japanese: トナカイは青っ鼻!チョッパーの秘密) | Daisuke Nishio | Michiru Shimada | October 21, 2001 (2001-10-21) | October 1, 2005 |
| Nami asks Chopper to join the crew, but he isn't interested. Kureha tells Nami that Chopper is a reindeer who ate the Human-Human Fruit and some of what was his background. After realizing the abilities that Chopper has, Luffy is eager to make him join the crew. | | | | | | | | |
| 85 | 53 | 8 | "Freaky"
**"An Outcast's Dream! Hiriluk the Quack!"**
Transliteration: "Hamidashimono no yume! Yabu isha Hiruruku!" (Japanese: はみだし者の夢!やぶ医者ヒルルク!) | Yoshihiro Ueda | Michiru Shimada | October 28, 2001 (2001-10-28) | October 8, 2005 |
| Doctorine continues to tell how Chopper lived his life and how the quack doctor Hiruluk took care of him. | | | | | | | | |
| 86 | 54 | 9 | "The Impossible Dream"
**"Hiriluk's Cherry Blossoms and the Will that Gets Carried On!"**
Transliteration: "Hiruruku no sakura to uketsugare yuku ishi!" (Japanese: ヒルルクの桜と受け継がれゆく意志!) | Kōnosuke Uda | Michiru Shimada | November 4, 2001 (2001-11-04) | October 15, 2005 |
| More of Chopper's past is revealed, including the fate of doctor Hiruluk and Wapol's cruelties as the king. Meanwhile, Wapol reaches the castle where the crew is residing. | | | | | | | | |
| 87 | 55 | 10 | "Defending the Flag"
**"Fight Wapol's Crew! The Power of the Munch Munch Fruit!"**
Transliteration: "VS Waporu gundan! Bakubaku no mi no nōryoku!" (Japanese: VSワポル軍団!バクバクの実の能力!) | Junji Shimizu | Michiru Shimada | November 11, 2001 (2001-11-11) | October 22, 2005 |
| Wapol is determined to bring down Hiruluk's flag, and to do that, he engages Sanji, Luffy and Chopper in a fight. | | | | | | | | |
| 88 | 56 | 11 | "Let's Get Ready to Rumble"
**"Zoan-type Devil Fruit! Chopper's Seven-form Transformation!"**
Transliteration: "Zōn kei akuma no mi! Choppā Shichidan Hengei" (Japanese: 動物系悪魔の実!チョッパー七段変形) | Hidehiko Kadota | Michiru Shimada | November 18, 2001 (2001-11-18) | October 29, 2005 |
| Chopper demonstrates the abilities of Rumble Balls when fighting Chessmarimo. Dalton is uncovered from the avalanche. | | | | | | | | |
| 89 | 57 | 12 | "The Once & Future King"
**"When the Kingdom's Rule Ends! The Flag of Faith Flies Forever!"**
Transliteration: "Ōkoku no shihai owaru toki! Shinnen no hata wa eien ni" (Japanese: 王国の支配終る時!信念の旗は永遠に) | Junichi Fujise | Michiru Shimada | November 25, 2001 (2001-11-25) | November 5, 2005 |
| After trying every trick in the castle, Wapol is finally hunted down by Luffy. The villagers along with Zoro, Vivi and Usopp start their ascent to the castle through a ropeway. | | | | | | | | |
| 90 | 58 | 13 | "Doc Rock"
**"Hiriluk's Cherry Blossoms! Miracle in the Drum Rockies!"**
Transliteration: "Hiruruku no sakura! Doramu Rokkī no kiseki" (Japanese: ヒルルクの桜!ドラムロッキーの奇跡) | Munehisa Sakai | Michiru Shimada | December 2, 2001 (2001-12-02) | November 12, 2005 |
| After finally being convinced to join the team, Chopper announces his intentions to Dr. Kureha, who doesn't take it too well; but after escaping from the castle, she has decided to give the whole Straw Hat crew a farewell gift. | | | | | | | | |
| 91 | 59 | 14 | "Heading For Disaster"
**"Goodbye Drum Island! I'm Going Out to Sea!"**
Transliteration: "Sayōnara Doramujima! Boku wa umi e deru!" (Japanese: さようならドラム島!僕は海へ出る!) | Harume Kosaka | Michiru Shimada | December 9, 2001 (2001-12-09) | February 11, 2006 |
| Chopper joins the Straw Hat crew as they continue their journey to Vivi's homeland. | | | | | | | | |
| 92 | 60 | 15 | "Face Off"
**"Alabasta's Hero and a Ballerina on the Ship!"**
Transliteration: "Arabasuta no eiyū to senjō no barerīna" (Japanese: アラバスタの英雄と船上のバレリーナ) | Yuji Endo | Junki Takegami | December 9, 2001 (2001-12-09) | February 18, 2006 |
| Crocodile appears to stop rampaging pirates. Luffy and his crew meet Mr. 2 (Bon Clay) who shows off his devil fruit power and Vivi sees a shocking sight. | | | | | | | | |

## Home media release

### Japanese

#### VHS

Toei Animation (Japan, VHS)
| Volume | | | Episodes | Release date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | チョッパー登場冬島篇 | piece1 | 78–80 | September 4, 2002 |  |
| | | piece2 | 81–83 | October 2, 2002 |  |
| | | piece3 | 84–86 | November 7, 2002 |  |
| | | piece4 | 87–89 | December 4, 2002 |  |
| | | piece5 | 90–92 | January 8, 2003 |  |

#### DVD

Toei Animation (Japan, Region 2 DVD)
| Volume | | | Episodes | Release date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 3rdシーズン チョッパー登場 冬島篇 | piece.01 | 78–80 | September 4, 2002 |  |
| | | piece.02 | 81–83 | October 2, 2002 |  |
| | | piece.03 | 84–86 | November 7, 2002 |  |
| | | piece.04 | 87–89 | December 4, 2002 |  |
| | | piece.05 | 90–92 | January 8, 2003 |  |
| | ONE PIECE Log Collection | “CHOPPER” | 78–92 | December 22, 2010 |  |
| | ONE PIECE Log Collection SET | EAST BLUE to CHOPPER | 1–92 | March 27, 2015 |  |

#### Blu-ray

The *Eternal Log* contains 16:9 versions of the episodes in standard definition Blu-ray format.

Toei Animation (Japan, Region A BD)
| Volume | | | Episodes | Release date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ONE PIECE Eternal Log | ALABASTA | 62–130 | July 23, 2021 |  |

### English

#### 4Kids

4Kids Entertainment Edited TV Version: Viz Media (USA, Region 1 DVD), Madman Entertainment (Australia, Region 4)
| Volume | | Episodes | Release date | | ISBN | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | USA | | Australia || |
|  | Volume 11: Tony Tony Chopper | 47–52 | October 30, 2007 | January 23, 2008 | ISBN 1-59861-010-4 |  |

#### Uncut

Uncut English & Japanese versions: Funimation Entertainment (USA, Region 1), Manga Entertainment (UK, Region 2), Madman Entertainment (Australia, Region 4)
| Volume | | | Episodes | Release date | | | ISBN | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | USA | UK | | Australia || |
|  | Season Two | Second Voyage | 67–78 | August 25, 2009 | N/A | February 16, 2011 | ISBN 1-4210-1889-6 |  |
| | | Third Voyage | 79–91 | September 29, 2009 | | March 16, 2011 | ISBN 1-4210-1890-X |  |
| | | Fourth Voyage | 92–103 | December 15, 2009 | | October 24, 2012 | ISBN 1-4210-1891-8 |  |
| | Collections | Collection 3 | 54–78 | November 29, 2011 | September 23, 2013 | N/A | ISBN 1-4210-2405-5 |  |
| | Collection 4 | 79–103 | January 31, 2012 | November 11, 2013 | | ISBN 1-4210-2447-0 |  |
| | Treasure Chest Collection | One | 1–103 | N/A | | October 24, 2012 | ISBN N/A |  |
| | Voyage Collection | Two | | 54-103 | September 6, 2017 | ISBN N/A |  |

1. In Japan, episodes 82 and 83 aired as part of a special alongside an episode of *Kochikame*.
1. Daniels, Joushua M. (August 2008). "Lost in Translation: Anime, Moral Rights, and Market Failure" (PDF). *Boston University Law Review*. **88** (3): 710–711, 723. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
2. F. Smith, D. (13 October 2009). "One Piece - Season Two: Third Voyage DVD Review - IGN". *IGN*. IGN Entertainment Inc. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
3. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
4. "TV Listings: One Piece: Saving Nami". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
5. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
6. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組10 Vol.35 2001 8/27(月)~9/2(日)" (in Japanese). Video Research. Archived from the original on April 28, 2005. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
7. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
8. "TV Listings: One Piece: Rapid Rabbits". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
9. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
10. "TV Listings: One Piece: The Big Climb". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
11. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
12. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
13. "TV Listings: One Piece: Tony Tony Chopper". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
14. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
15. "TV Listings: One Piece: Freaky". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
16. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
17. "TV Listings: One Piece: The Impossible Dream". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
18. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
19. "TV Listings: One Piece: Defending the Flag". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
20. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
21. "TV Listings: One Piece: Let's Get Ready to Rumble". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
22. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
23. "TV Listings: One Piece: The Once and Future King". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
24. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組１０ Video Research Ltd". 11 March 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
25. "TV Listings: One Piece: Doc Rock". Zap2it. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
26. "種目別高世帯視聴率番組10 Vol.49 2001 12/3(月)~12/9(日)" (in Japanese). Video Research. Archived from the original on April 28, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
27. "Cartoon Network to Air New One Piece Episodes". *Animenewsnetwork.com*. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
28. "ONE PIECE サードシーズン・チョッパー登場・冬島篇 piece.1" (in Japanese). Amazon.com. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
29. "ONE PIECE サードシーズン・チョッパー登場・冬島篇 piece.2" (in Japanese). Amazon.com. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
30. "ONE PIECE サードシーズン・チョッパー登場・冬島篇 piece.3" (in Japanese). Amazon.com. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
31. "ONE PIECE サードシーズン・チョッパー登場・冬島篇 piece.4" (in Japanese). Amazon.com. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
32. "ONE PIECE サードシーズン・チョッパー登場・冬島篇 piece.5" (in Japanese). Amazon.com. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
33. "3rdシーズン チョッパー登場 冬島篇 piece.01" Archived 2022-07-27 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Toei Animation. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
34. "3rdシーズン チョッパー登場 冬島篇 piece.02" Archived 2022-08-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Toei Animation. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
35. "3rdシーズン チョッパー登場 冬島篇 piece.03" Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Toei Animation. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
36. "3rdシーズン チョッパー登場 冬島篇 piece.04" Archived 2022-08-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Toei Animation. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
37. "3rdシーズン チョッパー登場 冬島篇 piece.05" Archived 2022-08-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Toei Animation. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
38. "ONE PIECE Log Collection “CHOPPER”" Archived 2022-08-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Toei Animation. Retrieved on March 20, 2010.
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41. "One Piece (Edited), Vol. 11 (DVD)". Viz Media. Retrieved on June 13, 2009.
42. "One Piece (TV Ver.) V11". *Madman Entertainment*. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
43. "One Piece Season 2 DVD Part 2 (Hyb) Uncut". Right Stuf.
44. "One Piece Season 2 DVD Part 3 (Hyb) Uncut" Archived 2012-09-09 at archive.today. Right Stuf.
45. "One Piece Season 2 DVD Part 4 (Hyb) Uncut" Archived 2012-09-07 at archive.today. Right Stuf.
46. "One Piece DVD Collection 3 (Hyb) (Eps 54-78) Uncut". Archived from the original on 2012-12-11. Retrieved 2013-07-11.. Right Stuf.
47. "One Piece DVD Collection 4 (Hyb) (Eps 79-103) Uncut". Archived from the original on 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2013-07-11.. Right Stuf.
48. "One Piece Voyage Collection 2 (Episodes 54-103) - DVD". *Madman Entertainment*. Retrieved 2019-02-06.

## InfoBox

| *One Piece* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 3
*Introducing Chopper at the Winter Island* | |
| The cover of the first DVD compilation of the third season released by Toei Animation. | |
| No. of episodes | 15 |
| Release | |
| Original network | Fuji Television |
| Original release | August 26 (2001-08-26)
December 9, 2001 (2001-12-09) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Iota Gruis

abstract: Iota Gruis, Latinized from ι Gruis, is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Grus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.90, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye at night. The distance to this system, as determined using an annual parallax shift of 17.80 mas as seen from the Earth, is about 183 light years. This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 409.6 days and an eccentricity of 0.66. The yellow-hued primary component is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III. It is an X-ray emitter with a flux of 441.31×10−17 W/m⁲.

text:
# Iota Gruis

**Iota Gruis**, Latinized from **ι Gruis**, is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Grus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.90, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye at night. The distance to this system, as determined using an annual parallax shift of 17.80 mas as seen from the Earth, is about 183 light years.

This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 409.6 days (1.121 years) and an eccentricity of 0.66. The yellow-hued primary component is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III. It is an X-ray emitter with a flux of 441.31×10−17 W/m2.

## InfoBox

Iota Gruis
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Grus |
|
| Right ascension | 23h 10m 21.53755s |
| Declination | −45° 14 48.1647 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 3.90 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | K1 III |
|
|
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|
|
| U−B color index | +0.86 |
| B−V color index | +1.02 |
|
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|
|
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|
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −4.4 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +132.50 mas/yr
Dec.: −26.66 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 17.80 ± 0.33 mas |
| **Distance** | 183 ± 3 ly
(56 ± 1 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | +0.13 |
|  | |
| Orbit | |
| **Period (P)** | 409.614 d |
| **Semi-major axis (a)** | 7.82±0.47 mas |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.66 |
| **Inclination (i)** | 114.3±5.2° |
| **Periastron epoch (T)** | 2416115.569 JD |
| **Argument of periastron (ω)**
(secondary) | 240.8° |
| **Semi-amplitude** (K1)
(primary) | 13.6 km/s |
| Details | |
| ι Gru A | |
| **Luminosity** | 107 |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| ι Gru, CD−45° 14947, FK5 1605, HD 218670, HIP 114421, HR 8820, SAO 231468 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Weihergraben (Altmühl)

abstract: The Weihergraben is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Altmühl near Alesheim.

text:
# Weihergraben (Altmühl)

The **Weihergraben** is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Altmühl near Alesheim.

## InfoBox

| Weihergraben | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Altmühl |
| coordinates | 49°01′58″N 10°51′12″E / 49.0327°N 10.8532°E / 49.0327; 10.8532 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | AltmühlDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Israel Zelitch

abstract: Israel Zelitch was an American plant physiologist specialising in photosynthesis at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

text:
# Israel Zelitch

**Israel Zelitch** (June 18, 1924 – March 23, 2023) was an American plant physiologist specialising in photosynthesis at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Biography

Zelitch was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 18, 1924. He died of COVID-19 in Haverhill, Massachusetts, on March 23, 2023, at the age of 98.

## Education

## InfoBox

| Israel Zelitch | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1924-06-18)June 18, 1924
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | March 22, 2023(2023-03-22) (aged 98)
Haverhill, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Pennsylvania State University
University of Wisconsin–Madison
New York University School of Medicine |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Plant physiologyy
 |
|  | |


title: The Tune

abstract: The Tune is a 1992 independent animated musical-comedy film directed by Bill Plympton.

text:
# The Tune

***The Tune*** is a 1992 independent animated musical-comedy film directed by Bill Plympton.

## Plot summary

Del, a hard-working songwriter, is trying to write the perfect song for his slimeball boss, Mr. Mega, so he can keep his job and his girlfriend, Didi. As he rushes to work, he gets lost in a cloverleaf highway and ends up lost in a town called Flooby Nooby, where he meets the town's singing and swingin' mayor, an Elvis-impersonating dog, a noseless cab driver, and a psychotic bellhop as he tries to get to Mr. Mega's office to deliver the song.

## Production

*The Tune*, was Bill Plympton's first feature-length film and incorporates earlier shorts released by Plympton, including *The Wiseman* (1991), *Dig My Do* (1990), and *Tango Schmango* (1990). It was self-funded and took two years to make. Its music was composed by Maureen McElheron, a longtime friend of Plympton's who has composed the music for most of his films.

## Reception

*The Tune* premiered April 25, 1992 at the Sundance Film Festival. It was also shown at the Cannes Film Festival before being released in the United States on September 4, 1992. At least one critic observed that the incorporated shorts seemed out-of-place with the film's original material. *The Tune* was nominated for a number of awards in 1992 and 1993. The film was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2016.

## InfoBox

| The Tune | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Bill Plympton |
| Written by | Bill Plympton
Maureen McElheron
P. C. Vey |
| Produced by | Bill Plympton |
| Starring | Daniel Neiden
Maureen McElheron
Marty Nelson
Emily Bindiger
Chris Hoffman
Jimmy Ceribello
Ned Reynolds
Jeffrey Knight
Jennifer Senko |
| Cinematography | John Donnelly |
| Edited by | Merril Stern |
| Music by | Maureen McElheron |
| Distributed by | October Films |
| Release dates | * April 25, 1992 (1992-04-25) (Sundance) * September 4, 1992 (1992-09-04) (U.S.) |
| Running time | 69 min. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $175,000 |


title: WJTO

abstract: WJTO is an adult standards and oldies station licensed to Bath, Maine. WJTO is owned by Blue Jey Broadcasting Co. The station switched to a frequency of 750 kHz from 730 kHz on August 25, 2024.

text:
# WJTO

**WJTO** (750 AM) is an adult standards and oldies station licensed to Bath, Maine. WJTO is owned by Blue Jey Broadcasting Co. (Estate of Bob Bittner: 100% stockholder) The station switched to a frequency of 750 kHz from 730 kHz on August 25, 2024.

## History

WJTO began broadcasting in September 1957 as WMMS ("Where Most of Maine is Served") under original owner Winslow T. Porter Sr. The callsign was changed in 1964 to WJTO for "Where Jets Take Off" — a reference to nearby Brunswick Naval Air Station.

In the 1960s and 1970s, WJTO, with studios located in downtown Bath, gave several Portland stations real competition. In 1971, the modern two-story building was constructed at the transmitter site (the current site owned by Bittner), and all was well until the late 1970s when FM came into fashion. WJTO had a powerful FM (WJTO-FM), which later became WIGY and WKRH; all three incarnations co-owned with WJTO. With listenership drifting to FM, the original AM station was getting less attention, drifting through several ownership changes until both stations went into bankruptcy around 1990. Off the air for 11 months, the FM was finally sold to a Rhode Island broadcaster (which still owns it, with callsign changed to WBCI).

### Bob Bittner

Bob Bittner bought WJTO in March 1997, as the fourth station under his ownership. (In 1996 and 1997, he sold two of his other stations, WNEB in Worcester, Massachusetts, and WKBR in Manchester, New Hampshire.) WJTO was a complete purchase: not just the station license, but also the equipment and real estate of 12 acres (49,000 m2), located on an ocean inlet. Later in 2003 and 2004, Bittner made two adjoining land and house purchases, creating a full residence 600' from the station, all situated on 220 acres (0.89 km2) in West Bath, Maine. Bittner used the premises as a summer residence and kept an extensive music collection for both stations at WJTO. On display at WJTO is much radio memorabilia, including many classic playlists from WABC during its "MusicRadio 77" days in the 1970s.

With Bittner's purchase in 1997, WJTO switched from talk to beautiful music with moderate results. Slowly, Bittner morphed it to an adult standards station with a lot of 1950s and 1960s oldies pop mixed in; in recent years, WJTO has had an audience equivalent to the prosperity days of the 1960s and 1970s.

Typical music heard on WJTO includes a blend of music from 1937 to 1980 (with a few from before and after) not heard anywhere else on the mid- and southern coast of Maine, from Frank Sinatra to Linda Ronstadt. In addition to the hits, Bittner inserts about 4 LP tracks each hour, from same and similar artists. Amazingly, said Bittner, it all flows quite well.

WJTO does not air any commercials, but is big on local public service announcements, including fund-raising spots aimed at keeping the station on the air. WJTO's first fundraising drive in 2008 raised $29,676.11 from 657 different listeners (including a radio fan from Goshen, New York, who actually hunted down Bob and the station after hearing it on vacation) over an eleven-week period that summer. Later fund-drives (contributions from listeners) in 2009, 2010 and 2011 were quite successful, thereby solidifying this method of support. Having allegiance to the listeners, as opposed to commercial interests, allows WJTO to have what they call a "pro-people attitude" with public service announcements and editorial opinions rarely heard on other stations.

WJTO puts out a 1,000-watt daytime signal and can be heard as far away as Provincetown, Massachusetts, and Nova Scotia, with a daytime city-grade signal into Portland. (It also airs at night, but the signal does not get far with only six watts.)

Blue Jey Broadcasting has purchased translator W252BT in Freeport to rebroadcast WJTO and it became a licensed facility on May 8, 2013.

Owner Bob Bittner died on May 26, 2023.

The station received FCC approval to switch from 730 kHz to 750 kHz and did so on August 25, 2024. This will help enable former sister station WJIB 740 kHz Cambridge MA to eventually switch to 720 kHz and boost its power. This was announced by station overseer Robert Perry.

## Translator

Broadcast translator for WJTO
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W287DD | 105.3 FM | Bath, Maine | 201072 | 250 | D | 43°52′36.00″N 69°50′51.00″W / 43.8766667°N 69.8475000°W / 43.8766667; -69.8475000 (W287DD) | LMS |

FM translator

## InfoBox

WJTO
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Portland and vicinity |
| Frequency | 750 kHz |
| Branding | 750 & 105.3 WJTO Bob's Memory Station |
| Programming | |
| Format | Adult standards; oldies |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Bob Bittner Broadcasting * (Blue Jey Broadcasting Company) |
| Sister stations | WLAM, WLVP |
| History | |
| First air date | September 1957 (1957-09) |
| Former call signs | WMMS (1957–1964) |
| Call sign meaning | "Where Jets Take Off" |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 33287 |
| Class | D |
| Power | * 1,000 watts (day) * 6 watts (night) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°52′39″N 69°50′49″W / 43.87750°N 69.84694°W / 43.87750; -69.84694 |
| Translator(s) | 105.3 W287DD (Bath) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.bobsmemorystation.com |


title: Hilaroleopsis theurgus

abstract: Hilaroleopsis theurgus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2004. It is known from Costa Rica.

text:
# Hilaroleopsis theurgus

***Hilaroleopsis theurgus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2004. It is known from Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Hilaroleopsis theurgus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Hilaroleopsis*** |
| Species: | ***H. theurgus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hilaroleopsis theurgus***<br>Martins & Galileo, 2004 | |
|


title: Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)

abstract: "Gonna Make Ya Move" is a house/trance song written by L. Carpella and F. Scandolari, and recorded by Pink as their first single. It was remixed by Mark Summers at Scorccio Records and released in 1998 by Activ Records in the United Kingdom and by Color Records in the Netherlands. No music video was released. The single reached number 196 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1999, remaining on the top 200 for one week. Do not confuse with the singer P!nk, born Alecia Moore.

text:
# Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)

"**Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)**" is a house/trance song written by L. Carpella and F. Scandolari, and recorded by Pink as their first single. It was remixed by Mark Summers at Scorccio Records and released in 1998 by Activ Records in the United Kingdom and by Color Records in the Netherlands (see 1998 in music). No music video was released. The single reached number 196 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1999, remaining on the top 200 for one week. Do not confuse with the singer P!nk, born Alecia Moore.

## Track listing

1. "Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)" \[radio edit\]
2. "Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)" \[Scirocco Remix\]

1. "Don't Stop - Pink | User Reviews | AllMusic".
2. UK charts compiled by The Official UK Charts Company and published by *Music Week* and Charts Plus; see As of 2009

## InfoBox

| "Gonna Make Ya Move (Don't Stop)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Pink | |
| Released | November 9, 1998 |
| Genre | House, trance |
| Label | Activ Records |
| Songwriter(s) | L. Carpella, F. Scandolari |
| Producer(s) | Mark Summers |