title: Andy Irons

abstract: Philip Andrew Irons was an American professional surfer. Irons began surfing with his brother Bruce on the shallow and dangerous waves of Kauai, Hawaii, before being spotted by a local surfboard brand and flown to North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii, to compete and develop his skill. Over the course of his professional career, he won three world titles, three Quiksilver Pro France titles, two Rip Curl Pro Search titles, and 20 elite-tour victories, including the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing four times from 2002 to 2006. He won at nearly every venue on the ASP calendar, only missing Gold Coast, Brazil, and Portugal.

text:
# Andy Irons

**Philip Andrew Irons** (July 24, 1978  November 2, 2010) was an American professional surfer. Irons began surfing with his brother Bruce on the shallow and dangerous waves of Kauai, Hawaii, before being spotted by a local surfboard brand and flown to North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii, to compete and develop his skill.

Over the course of his professional career, he won three world titles (2002, 2003, 2004), three Quiksilver Pro France titles (2003, 2004, 2005), two Rip Curl Pro Search titles (2006 and 2007), and 20 elite-tour victories, including the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing four times from 2002 to 2006. He won at nearly every venue on the ASP calendar, only missing Gold Coast, Brazil, and Portugal.

## Career

His younger brother Bruce Irons is a former competitor on the World Championship Tour of Surfing. During his childhood, Andy regularly lost to Bruce in contests, but that changed once he entered the World Championship Tour. During his professional career, he won three world titles (2002, 2003, 2004), three Quiksilver Pro France titles (2003, 2004, 2005), two Rip Curl Pro Search titles (2006 and 2007) and 20 elite-tour victories, including the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing four times from 2002 to 2006. On September 3, 2010, he won the Billabong Pro Teahupoo in Tahiti.

In 2009, Irons withdrew from doing the full ASP World Tour season for personal reasons, though he did participate in a few events. He requested a wildcard entry for the 2010 ASP World Tour season, which was granted by ASP President Wayne Bartholomew. As a result, Irons did not have to re-qualify in 2010 via the World Qualifying Series (WQS). Irons won the Billabong Pro Tahiti 2010.

He was inducted into the Surfing Walk of Fame in Huntington Beach, California, in 2008. The Governor of Hawaii declared February 13 forever "Andy Irons Day".

Billabong produced an Andy Irons line of board shorts.

## Death

Irons died on November 2, 2010. He was found by two hotel staff lying in bed on his back with the sheets pulled up to his chin after he had failed to respond to knocks on the door and they went in to investigate.

The Tarrant County Medical Examiner's Office concludes that Irons died from a cardiac arrest due to a severe blockage of a main artery of the heart. The official autopsy report lists also a second cause of death as "acute mixed drug ingestion", listing alprazolam, methadone, benzoylecgonine (a metabolite of cocaine), and traces of methamphetamine as the drugs found in Andy's body at the time of his death. Initial press releases cited Dengue fever as the cause of Irons's death; however, the autopsy report conducted by the Tarrant County Medical Examiner's office were negative for Dengue and other flavivirus. It is unclear why rumors that Dengue fever contributed to Irons's death proliferated.

In response to Irons's death, a World Championship Tour event in Puerto Rico was postponed for two days with competitors holding a "paddle out" memorial service for Irons. Irons had withdrawn from the event citing ill health and was flying back to his home in Hawaii during a stopover in Grapevine, Texas, near Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. He had reportedly stopped in Miami after leaving Puerto Rico, and early reports said he was put on a saline drip. He was reported to have been vomiting on the Hawaii-bound plane before being removed prior to takeoff. In the days immediately following his death, it was reported that in Dallas, an extremely ill Irons had attempted to board his connecting flight to Honolulu at 11:30 a.m. but was turned away at an American Airlines gate—a claim the company denies.

A memorial service was held November 14, 2010, in Hanalei Bay, Kauai. His wife, Lyndie, and brother, Bruce, scattered his ashes outside Hanalei Bay, where thousands of family, friends, and admirers said their last goodbyes.

Friend and rival surfer Kelly Slater dedicated his November 6, 2010, victory to Irons. "I just want to send my condolences to Andy's family," Slater said:

"I'm a little overwhelmed right now, but I want to dedicate this to Andy ... It's like exact opposites. This doesn't really offset that, I'd give this title away in a second if Andy could come back."

Slater also wrote a candid remembrance honoring the life of Andy Irons on the anniversary of his death; it was also the same day that Slater claimed his 11th ASP World Title in San Francisco.

## Personal life

Irons married Lyndie Dupuis on November 25, 2007, in Princeville, Kauai. She was seven months pregnant with their first child at the time of his death. Lyndie gave birth to their son, Andy Axel Irons, in Kauai on the opening day of the Pipeline Masters in Memory of Andy Irons on December 8, 2010. Lyndie and Axel continue to live on Kauai, where she and Andy shared a home.

## Films

The 2018 movie *Andy Irons: Kissed by God* (directed by adventure-sport documentarians Steve and Todd Jones) is about the three-time world champion who died at 32 after a lifelong struggle with bipolar disorder and addiction. The film features in-depth interviews with Andy's brother Bruce Irons, his wife Lyndie Irons, Joel Parkinson, Nathan Fletcher, Sunny Garcia, and Kelly Slater.

In 2009, Irons Brothers Productions released *A fly in the champagne*, a documentary of the rivalry that arose between Irons and Slater in the early 2000s. The movie ends with a trip to Indonesia Kelly Slater and Andy Irons went on together.

The 2005 movie *Blue Horizon* (directed by surfing filmmaker Jack McCoy) paralleled his life on the WCT tour with that of free surfer David Rastovich. The film also touched on his long-time rivalry with 11-time world champion Kelly Slater. Although the film was created in a documentary-like style, there has been some debate over whether or not the film offered an accurate and fair portrayal of Irons's surfing lifestyle.

In addition to *Blue Horizon*, Irons was also a subject of many other surf films, including his screen appearance in *Trilogy*, which starred himself, Joel Parkinson, and Taj Burrow.

## Career Victories

### Victories

| **WCT Wins** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Event | Venue | Country |
| 2010 | Billabong Pro Teahupoo | Teahupo'o, Tahiti | French Polynesia |
| 2007 | Rip Curl Search | Arica, Ex Isla Alacran | Chile |
| 2006 | Rip Curl Pipeline Masters | Banzai Pipeline, Oahu | United States |
| 2006 | Rip Curl Search | Barra de la Cruz, Oaxaca | Mexico |
| 2005 | Rip Curl Pipeline Masters | Banzai Pipeline, Oahu | United States |
| 2005 | Quiksilver Pro France | Hossegor, Nouvelle-Aquitaine | France |
| 2005 | Japan Quiksilver Pro | Chiba, Kantō | Japan |
| 2004 | Quiksilver Pro France | Hossegor, Nouvelle-Aquitaine | France |
| 2004 | Billabong Pro J-Bay | Jeffreys Bay, Eastern Cap | South Africa |
| 2003 | Xbox Pipeline Masters | Banzai Pipeline, Oahu | United States |
| 2003 | Quiksilver Pro France | Hossegor, Nouvelle-Aquitaine | France |
| 2003 | Niijima Quiksilver Pro | Niijima Island, Tokyo | Japan |
| 2003 | Quiksilver Pro Tavarua | Namotu, Tavarua | Fiji |
| 2003 | Rip Curl Pro Bells Beach | Bells Beach, Victoria | Australia |
| 2002 | Xbox Pipeline Masters | Banzai Pipeline, Oahu | United States |
| 2002 | Billabong Pro Mundaka | Mundaka, Basque Country | Spain |
| 2002 | Billabong Pro Teahupoo | Teahupo'o, Tahiti | French Polynesia |
| 2002 | Rip Curl Pro Bells Beach | Bells Beach, Victoria | Australia |
| 2000 | Billabong Pro | Lower Trestles, California | United States |
| 1998 | Op Pro | Huntington Beach, California | United States |
| **World Qualifying Series** | | | |
| Year | Event | Venue | Country |
| 2006 | Op Pro Hawaii | Haleiwa, Oahu | United States |
| 2005 | US Open of Surfing | Huntington Beach, California | United States |
| 2004 | O'Neill World Cup of Surfing | Sunset Beach, Oahu | United States |
| 2004 | Mr Price Pro | North Beach, Durban | South Africa |
| 2004 | Body Glove Surfabout | Lower Trestles, California | United States |
| 2001 | G-Shock Hawaiian Pro | Haleiwa, Oahu | United States |
| 2001 | Rip Curl Pro | St. Newport Beach, California | United States |
| 1998 | G-Shock US Open/Clarion | Huntington Beach, California | United States |
| 1997 | Hcel Pro | Sunset Beach, Oahu | United States |
| 1997 | Black Pearl Horue Pro Surfing | Teahupo'o, Tahiti | French Polynesia |
| 1996 | Red Dog Summer Pro | South Shore, Oahu | United States |
| 1996 | HIC Pipeline Pro | Banzai Pipeline, Oahu | United States |
|

## Rivalry with Kelly Slater

Irons had a much-publicized, and, according to him, overhyped, rivalry with fellow professional surfer Kelly Slater. In an interview, Irons said:

> For me, just being affiliated with Kelly--to be next to him--I mean, that's awesome. He's the ultimate surfer. He's the best surfer in the world. Ever. Best competitive, best free surfer, you name it, and to have my name put next to his everywhere really is flattering. He's the Michael Jordan of our sport. Kelly knows how I feel about him. Despite all the media hype that comes out of a rivalry there's a lot of respect given both ways. People don't realize there are times when we hang out. We'll go check the waves together. We talk about boards. He invited me personally to his contest on Tavarua. There's a ton of respect there.

Slater himself was quoted in a *Surfer Magazine* tribute for Irons:

> Andy was an absolutely gifted individual. I’m lucky to have known him and had the times we had together. I feel blessed that we worked through the differences we had and I was able to learn what I’m made of because of Andy. I got to know a happy, funny, innocent kid who was happy to live every second with the people he loved. I’m so sad. My thoughts are with Bruce and Lyndie and their parents and all of his many friends around the world. It’s a huge and far too premature loss for all of us. He was the most intense competitor I’ve ever known and one of the most sensitive people. He had so much life left in him and it hurts to think about. We look forward to his memory living on with our memories of him and his child on the way. There are a lot of uncles awaiting his arrival. I really miss Andy. He had a really good heart.

## Legacy

A 2018 documentary titled *Andy Irons: Kissed by God* chronicled Irons's surfing career and his struggles with bipolar disorder and substance abuse.

Irons's family runs the Andy Irons Foundation in his memory which focuses on community programs for youth struggling with mental illness. In 2019, Metallica and Billabong released the "Metallica x AI Forever" collection, with a portion of the proceeds benefiting the Andy Irons Foundation. Irons had previously collaborated with Metallica and Billabong for a clothing collection in 2007.

## Filmography

* Pipe (2011)
* Still Filthy (2009)
* A Fly in the Champagne (2009)
* Trilogy (2007)
* A Fistful of Barrels (2006)

## InfoBox

| Andy Irons | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | Philip Andrew Irons
(1978-07-24)July 24, 1978
Lihue, Hawaii, U.S. |
| Died | November 2, 2010(2010-11-02) (aged 32)
Grapevine, Texas, U.S. |
| Residence | Hanalei, Kauai, Hawaii |
| Height | 6 ft 0.5 in (1.84 m) |
| Weight | 170 lb (77 kg) |
| Surfing career | |
| Years active | 10 years |
| Best year | Ranked 1st on the ASP World Tour (2002, 2003, 2004) |
| Career earnings | $1,495,533 |
| Sponsors | Billabong, Von Zipper, Nixon Watches, Kustom Footwear, Dakine |
| Major achievements |  |
| Surfing specifications | |
| Stance | Regular (natural foot) |


title: Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng

abstract: Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng (1868–1948) was a Norwegian judge. He was born in Fanestranden near Molde. He finished his secondary education in 1891 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1895. After several years as an attorney in Voss, he was appointed as an assessor in Kristiania City Court in 1913. In 1929 he was an acting chief justice of that court. He was also a conscript officer in the military, with the rank of captain. Lyng was also admitted into the exclusive skiing-based social club SK Ull in 1915. He was the only new member between 1908 and 1924. He served as manager of the club, overlooking its treasury and secretary functions, from 1919 to 1935. Together with Marie Aars Kaurin (1870–1951) he had the son Toralf Lyng, a skiing administrator and organizational leader. Ulrik F. L. Lyng died in 1948.

text:
# Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng

**Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng** (1868–1948) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Fanestranden near Molde. He finished his secondary education in 1891 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1895. After several years as an attorney in Voss, he was appointed as an assessor in Kristiania City Court in 1913. In 1929 he was an acting chief justice of that court. He was also a conscript officer in the military, with the rank of captain. Lyng was also admitted into the exclusive skiing-based social club SK Ull in 1915. He was the only new member between 1908 and 1924. He served as manager of the club, overlooking its treasury and secretary functions, from 1919 to 1935.

Together with Marie Aars Kaurin (1870–1951) he had the son Toralf Lyng, a skiing administrator and organizational leader. Ulrik F. L. Lyng died in 1948.


title: Măldărești

abstract: Măldărești is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Măldărești, Măldăreștii de Jos, Roșoveni and Telechești.

text:
# Măldărești

**Măldărești** is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Măldărești, Măldăreștii de Jos, Roșoveni and Telechești.

## InfoBox

| Măldărești | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location in Vâlcea County | |
| MăldăreștiLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 45°7′N 24°0′E / 45.117°N 24.000°E / 45.117; 24.000 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Vâlcea |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 1,715 |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Vehicle reg. | VL |


title: IEEE SA International Award

abstract: The IEEE Standard Association Award is presented annually to an IEEE-SA individual member who has made an extraordinary contribution to establishing the IEEE-SA as a leader in standardization. Recognition consists of a crystal globe and certificate. Achieving acceptance of an IEEE standard for worldwide implementation, harmonizing an IEEE standard with international market requirements, and interacting with national and international bodies to enhance their understanding of the breadth and strength of the SA standards program are but examples of promoting the world-class leadership goal. The International Award is to recognize an IEEE-SA member who whatever the venue or activity, has excelled in this endeavor.

text:
# IEEE SA International Award

The **IEEE Standard Association Award** is presented annually to an IEEE-SA individual member (who is also an IEEE member) who has made an extraordinary contribution to establishing the IEEE-SA as a leader in standardization. Recognition consists of a crystal globe and certificate.

Achieving acceptance of an IEEE standard for worldwide implementation, harmonizing an IEEE standard with international market requirements, and interacting with national and international bodies to enhance their understanding of the breadth and strength of the SA standards program are but examples of promoting the world-class leadership goal.

The International Award is to recognize an IEEE-SA member who whatever the venue or activity, has excelled in this endeavor.

## Recipients

* 2019 - **W. Charlton (Chuck) Adams, Jr**

"For his exemplary leadership to shape the current incarnation of the IEEE SA Corporate Program and for serving as the first chair of the IEEE SA Corporate Advisory Group, creating methodologies that expanded the global reach of IEEE standards development, particularly in China"

* 2019 - **Teresa Doran**

"For outstanding achievement and dedication to the harmonization of systems and software engineering life-cycle process standards within the international community"

* 2019 - **Cheryl Jones**

"For exceptional contributions over more than 25 years toward the development of systems engineering standards and guidance across many standards development organizations and industry associations, achieving acceptance of multiple IEEE standards for worldwide implementation for systems engineering"

* 2019 - **Vikass Monebhurrun**

"For significant contributions to the development of international standards related to the field of antennas and propagation"

* 2018 - **Leslie T. Falkingham**

"For his extraordinary leadership and dedication in the field of Dual Logo standards and acceptance of these standards by the international community"

* 2018 - **William Whyte**

"For proposing, pursuing, and successfully achieving the harmonization of ETSI and IEEE connected vehicle communications security standards, basing these and future standards on IEEE Std 1609.2-2016 and IEEE Std 1609.2a-2017"

* 2017 - **Giorgi Bit-Babik**

"For his contribution to international standards for radiofrequency compliance assessment"

* 2017 - **Craig A. Colopy**

"For selfless dedication to worldwide Step-Voltage Regulator and On-Load Tap Changer standards as IEEE, IEC, and NBR (Brazilian) standards"

* 2016 - **Anne A. Bosma**

"For exemplary leadership guiding IEEE Switchgear standards toward harmonization with IEC and acceptance by the international community"

* 2015 - **Bill Long**

"For exemplary leadership as chairman of the working group which upgraded IEEE Std. C37.013 to joint IEEE / IEC 62271-37-013"

* 2015 - **J. Patrick Reilly**

"For significant contributions in electrostimulation research and its application in harmonization of international safety standards for exposure of humans to low-frequency electric and magnetic fields"

* 2014 - **Melvin Reynolds**

"For selfless and sustained effort spanning over two decades to advance IEEE medical device informatics and interoperability standardization across international political and organizational boundaries"

* 2014 - **John White**

"For exemplary work in furthering relations with IEEE and China and in furthering development of IEEE and IEC harmonized standards"

* 2013 - **Andrew Myles**

"For promoting the global recognition of IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards as international standards"

* 2012 - **David John Law**

"For his extraordinary leadership in the creation and deployment of the 802 family of standards and their global acceptance through education and awareness for the past two decades"

* 2011 - **Bertram Jon Klauenberg**

"For helping to convince world bodies and international agencies of the rigor, benefits, and primacy of IEEE standards and his instrumental role in their adoption"

* 2010 - **Robert F. Heile**

"For his impact on China's 'The Internet of Things', his vision, humanity, fairness, and tireless dedication to this end"

* 2009 - **James R. Michalec**

"For contributions to the international harmonization of standards for synchronous generators"

* 2008 - **David T. Stone**

"For his work with C37.100.1 and C37.60 and acceptance of these standards by the international community"

* 2008 - **Hermann Koch**

"For dedication and perseverance in harmonization and adoption of standards in the Power Energy Society and standards activities"

* 2007 - **James W. Moore**

"For considerable contribution to the IEEE Computer Society Software and Systems Engineering Standards Collection (S2ESC) and the international collection of software engineering standards supported by ISO/IEC"

* 2006 - **Ben C. Johnson**

"For his vision and leadership in establishing the IEEE/IEC Dual Logo Agreement, and positioning the IEEE as a leader in international standards development"

* 2006 - **Roger B. Marks**

"For his dedication to advancing broadband wireless access technology, for leadership in advocating one worldwide BWA standard, and for promoting the international recognition of the IEEE Standards Association"

* 2005 - **Denis Dufournet**

"For his enthusiastic promotion of circuit breaker standards harmonization based on a deep knowledge of electrical phenomena occurring during the interruption process in circuit breakers "

* 2005 - **Carl R. Stevenson**

"For his leadership in gaining global radio spectrum for RaduiLANs based on IEEE Standards "

* 2004 - **Michael R. Murphy**

"For contributions to internationalization of IEEE standards and global harmonization of human exposure limits for radio frequency energy"

* 2003 - **Ronald C. Petersen**

"For his leadership in establishing an international role for the IEEE Standards Association in the harmonization of standards for electromagnetic safety"

* 2002 - **Wallace S. Read**

"For a substantial contribution towards accomplishing a greater recognition of IEEE Standards in the international community"

## Sources


title: Phyllophaga postrema

abstract: Phyllophaga postrema is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Phyllophaga postrema

***Phyllophaga postrema*** is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2006). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 3: Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-30914-2.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllophaga postrema* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllophaga* |
| Species: | ***P. postrema*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllophaga postrema***<br>(Horn, 1887) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lachnosterna quadrata*  Smith, 1889 | |


title: Howard Simons

abstract: Howard Simons was the managing editor of The Washington Post at the time of the Watergate scandal, and later curator of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.

text:
# Howard Simons

**Howard Simons** (June 3, 1929 – June 13, 1989) was the managing editor of *The Washington Post* at the time of the Watergate scandal, and later curator of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.

## Early life and education

Simons was born to a Jewish family and raised in Albany, New York, and received a BA from Union College in Schenectady in 1951 and a master's degree a year later from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. After service in the Korean War, he became a science reporter in Washington for several news organizations, and joined *The Post* as a science writer in 1961. He became assistant managing editor in 1966 and managing editor in 1971.

In 1966, he received the Raymond Clapper Memorial Award for his Washington reporting.

## Watergate coverage

According to Carol Felsenthal of Politico Magazine, Simons took the first phone call, on June 18, 1972, from Democratic National Committee general counsel Joseph Califano Jr., about a break-in, the night before, at DNC headquarters at the Watergate complex. Simons took charge and with help from fellow editors Barry Sussman and Harry Rosenfeld, guided Woodward and Bernstein, and championed the young reporters for what became a national story.

Simons is credited with dubbing Mark Felt, their well-placed source, "Deep Throat," in reference to the pornographic film of the same name.

"When the time came, it was managing editor Howard Simons--not Ben Bradlee or other ranking editors--who made the crucial early decisions that led to the *Washington Post*'s extraordinary coverage of the Watergate scandal, especially the decision to allow the metropolitan staff, which did not normally report on national politics, to pursue the story." *The Great Cover-Up* by Barry Sussman, page 66.

Simons was portrayed by Martin Balsam in *All the President's Men*, the 1976 film based on Bernstein and Woodward's 1974 book of the same name, depicting the *Post*'s investigation of Watergate. He was later played by David Cross in the 2017 film *The Post*.

## After *The Washington Post*

Simons left *The Post* for a position as Curator at The Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University in 1984.

Simons authored *Jewish Times: Voices of the American Jewish Experience,* (Houghton-Mifflin, 1988), and *Simons' List Book* (1977). He edited two books with Joseph A. Califano, Jr., *The Media and the Law* and *The Media and Business,* and in 1986 wrote a spy novel with Haynes Johnson called *The Landing.*

A well-known quotation attributed to Simons:

"People who are funny and smart and return phone calls get much better press than people who are just funny and smart."

He stepped down from the Nieman position on May 25, 1989, on medical leave, and succumbed to pancreatic cancer three weeks later, aged 60.

A scholarship named after him assists minority students aspiring in journalism (see  Archived 2005-04-07 at the Wayback Machine).

### Citations

### Sources

* Jones, Alex S. (June 14, 1989). "Howard Simons Dies at Age 60, an Ex-Editor at *Washington Post*". *The New York Times*.

## InfoBox

| Howard Simons | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-06-03)June 3, 1929
Albany, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 13, 1989(1989-06-13) (aged 60)
Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. |
| Education | Union College (BA) |
| Known for | Managing editor of *The Washington Post* |


title: Rossmoor, California

abstract: Rossmoor is a planned census-designated place located in Orange County, California. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a total population of 10,625 up from the 2010 census population of 10,244. The gated Leisure World retirement community in the city of Seal Beach is to the south of Rossmoor, Los Alamitos is to the east and north, and Long Beach is to the west. The community of Rossmoor has two shopping centers within its boundaries, but only one—the Rossmoor Village Square, is now within the political boundaries of Rossmoor. A larger shopping center, the Rossmoor Business Center, was annexed, despite many protests, by the City of Seal Beach in 1967. The Center has been remodeled several times and was renamed the Shops at Rossmoor in the early 2000s.

text:
# Rossmoor, California

**Rossmoor** is a planned census-designated place located in Orange County, California. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a total population of 10,625 up from the 2010 census population of 10,244. The gated Leisure World retirement community in the city of Seal Beach is to the south of Rossmoor, Los Alamitos is to the east and north, and Long Beach is to the west (on the other side of the San Gabriel River, the 605 freeway and the border with Los Angeles County). The community of Rossmoor has two shopping centers within its boundaries, but only one—the Rossmoor Village Square, is now within the political boundaries of Rossmoor. A larger shopping center, the Rossmoor Business Center, was annexed, despite many protests, by the City of Seal Beach in 1967. The Center has been remodeled several times and was renamed the Shops at Rossmoor in the early 2000s.

## History

The Rossmoor community was developed from 1955 through 1961 by Ross W. Cortese, who had earlier developed the architecturally-significant Lakewood Rancho Estates in Long Beach (1953) and the Frematic Homes (1954) in Anaheim, just north and west of Disneyland. Cortese filed his first subdivision map for Rossmoor on October 20, 1956, and filed his thirteenth and final map on March 21, 1960. Cortese's original partners in securing the first large parcels of land that would become Rossmoor included California governor Goodwin Knight and Judge Alfred Gittelson, who had also partnered with him in the Lakewood Rancho Estates and the Frematic homes. (It was Gittelson who later agreed to annex his Rossmoor Shopping Center property to Seal Beach in the late 1960s.) After Rossmoor, Cortese would construct the first of his very successful Leisure World gated retirement communities in that part of Seal Beach which is immediately south of Rossmoor. The Rossmoor community is easy to recognize because of its red brick "signature wall" that borders the entire unincorporated community. It is a signature of the Rossmoor community that differentiates it from neighboring cities Los Alamitos and Seal Beach.

There are 3,430 single family homes, 1 apartment complex (Accent Apartment Homes, originally Rossmoor Manor on Wallingsford Road), and 1 town house complex (Rossmoor Town Houses with addresses at 12100 Montecito Road or 3342 Bradbury Road) within Rossmoor.

### Annexation

According to a June 2006 consultant's report to the Rossmoor Planning Committee, the most cost effective solution for Rossmoor would be to be annexed by the city of Seal Beach.

Although it is not part of the city of Los Alamitos, it is served under the Los Alamitos "sphere of influence" and was proposed to be annexed to the city by 2007 after the Local Agency Formation Commission reviews the proposal.

Another proposal would combine Rossmoor with adjacent Seal Beach and Los Alamitos to form one city.

Rossmoor is served by the Rossmoor/Los Alamitos Area Sewer District. The mainly residential area is also served by the Rossmoor Community Services District (CSD), which serves the community as an independent functionary does. The CSD provides services related to public recreation facilities and park development for Rush Park, Rossmoor Park, two mini parks and the Montecito Center. The CSD also administers street lighting, road rights-of-way services, and manages the street sweeping contract. However, the Rossmoor CSD cannot make decisions about the future of the community, which is all delegated to the County of Orange's Unincorporated Islands Program and the Orange County Board of Supervisors.

At the May 22, 2008 meeting, OC LAFCO recommended that the Rossmoor Incorporation Plan go to a vote of the community. A vote by residents on the issue of incorporation was held on November 4, 2008. The proposition for cityhood was resoundingly defeated by a vote of 72% to 28% indicating that the majority of residents desire not be incorporated as a city. Residents also voted down three separate utility tax proposals by a wide margin.

On February 19, 2021, Assembly Member Nguyen introduced AB-1246 Community services districts which would have made many "latent powers" available the Rossmoor Community Services District (Rossmoor CSD). The bill died at the desk in February 2022 never being sent to committee.

## Geography

Rossmoor is located at 33°47'20" North, 118°4'47" West (33.788917, -118.079721). It borders the cities of Los Alamitos and Seal Beach.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.54 square miles (4.0 km2), all of it land.

### Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rossmoor has a semi-arid climate (abbreviated *BSh*) with Mediterranean characteristics.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | 12,922 |  |  |
| 1980 | 10,457 |  | −19.1% |
| 1990 | 9,893 |  | −5.4% |
| 2000 | 10,298 |  | 4.1% |
| 2010 | 10,244 |  | −0.5% |
| 2020 | 10,625 |  | 3.7% |
| source: | | | |

### 2010

At the 2010 census Rossmoor had a population of 10,244. The population density was 6,660.6 inhabitants per square mile (2,571.7/km2). The racial makeup of Rossmoor was 8,691 (84.8%) White (76.6% Non-Hispanic White), 84 (0.8%) African American, 36 (0.4%) Native American, 838 (8.2%) Asian, 29 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 168 (1.6%) from other races, and 398 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,174 persons (11.5%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 3,631 households, 1,382 (38.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,456 (67.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 326 (9.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 138 (3.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 90 (2.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 20 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 596 households (16.4%) were one person and 390 (10.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.83. There were 2,920 families (80.4% of households); the average family size was 3.17.

The age distribution was 2,550 people (24.9%) under the age of 18, 738 people (7.2%) aged 18 to 24, 1,742 people (17.0%) aged 25 to 44, 3,444 people (33.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,770 people (17.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

There were 3,710 housing units at an average density of 2,412.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 3,180 (87.6%) were owner-occupied and 451 (12.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.6%. 8,998 people (87.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,246 people (12.2%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Rossmoor had a median household income of $208,807, with 3.3% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

### 2000

At the 2000 census there were 10,298 people in 3,763 households, including 2,975 families, in the CDP. The population density was 6,583.8 inhabitants per square mile (2,542.0/km2). There were 3,763 housing units at an average density of 2,404.5 per square mile (928.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.88% White, 0.78% African American, 0.34% Native American, 5.72% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 1.36% from other races, and 2.83% from two or more races. 6.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 3,763 households 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 16.6% of households were one person and 10.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.12.

The age distribution was 26.7% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median household income was $86,457 and the median family income was $93,500. Males had a median income of $71,875 versus $46,913 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $38,642. 2.0% of the population and 1.3% of families were below the poverty line. 2.5% of those under the age of 18 and 1.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

## Government

### Politics

As of the 2020 redistricting, Rossmoor is in the 1st Supervisorial District in Orange County, represented by Republican Andrew Do. Because Rossmoor is an unincorporated area within Orange County, the Supervisor is the key local elected official.

In the state legislature Rossmoor is located in the 36th Senate District, represented by Republican Janet Nguyen, and in the 70th Assembly District, represented by Republican Tri Ta.

Federally, Rossmoor is located in California's 45th congressional district, which is represented by Republican Michelle Steel.

## Education

The Los Alamitos Unified School District serves Rossmoor. Four of the six elementary schools of the district, Rossmoor, Weaver, Lee, and Hopkinson, are located within the boundaries of Rossmoor.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Rossmoor, California | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Location in Orange County and the state of California | |
| Coordinates: 33°47′20″N 118°4′47″W / 33.78889°N 118.07972°W / 33.78889; -118.07972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Orange |
| Named for | Ross W. Cortese |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.538 sq mi (3.983 km2) |
| Land | 1.538 sq mi (3.983 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2)  0% |
| Elevation | 13 ft (4 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 10,625 |
| Density | 6,900/sq mi (2,700/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | 90720 |
| Area code | 562 |
| FIPS code | 06-63050 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1661336 |


title: Haraldmeier's mantella

abstract:
The Haraldmeier's mantella is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Haraldmeier's mantella

The **Haraldmeier's mantella** (***Mantella haraldmeieri***) is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| Haraldmeier's Mantella | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Mantellidae |
| Genus: | *Mantella* |
| Species: | ***M. haraldmeieri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mantella haraldmeieri***
Busse, 1981 | |
|


title: Ohio University Southern Campus

abstract: Ohio University Southern Campus is a satellite campus of Ohio University in Ironton, Ohio. The campus also has an extension in Proctorville, Ohio, and the Ohio Horse Park in Franklin Furnace, Ohio. The university began in 1956 when it hosted college-level classes in Ironton High School with an initial enrollment of 90 students.

text:
# Ohio University Southern Campus

**Ohio University Southern Campus** is a satellite campus of Ohio University in Ironton, Ohio. The campus also has an extension in Proctorville, Ohio, and the Ohio Horse Park in Franklin Furnace, Ohio.

The university began in 1956 when it hosted college-level classes in Ironton High School with an initial enrollment of 90 students.

## History

### Buildings

The main **Ohio University Southern campus** in Ironton has four distinct buildings.

* The **Collins Center** offers student services, including enrollment offices. Four lecture halls, an auditorium, library, and The Southernmost Café. It was the first structure completed on the new campus, completed in 1985.
* The **Academic Building** contains the Center for Nursing Education, the Caucus Room, a biology and chemistry lab, and the TASC Lab.
* The **Riffe Center** has numerous classrooms, administration offices and audio/video laboratories.
* The **Dingus Technology Building** has faculty offices, an auditorium, the art department, two computer labs, nursing labs, and three Ohio University Learning Network rooms.

The **Nature Center** no longer exists

The **Ohio University Proctorville Center** in Proctorville has one structure.

* The 17,000 sq ft (1,600 m2). structure was completed in September 2006. Ground breaking was held on July 12, 2005 for the new, permanent building.

The **Ohio Horse Park** in Franklin Furnace has several buildings. Which offers a Therapeutic Riding Course.

Ohio University Southern now has quality childcare for OUS students through a partnership with the Lawrence County Early Childhood Academy. It is located only 1.8 miles (2.9 km) from the Southern Campus in Hanging Rock. The building was a former elementary school for Rock Hill Local School District.

## Academics

Ohio University Southern Campus offers 11 associate degrees and 8 bachelor's degrees.

### The Resource Commons

The library contains 25,000 volumes, 200 periodical subscriptions, as well as microforms, audiovisual materials, CD-ROMS and electronic databases. The Library has a Quiet Study Room and a Group Study Room available for student use.

### Nature Center

The **Nature Center** at Ohio University Southern no longer exists.

### The Ohio Horse Park

The **Ohio Horse Park**, located in Franklin Furnace, Ohio, is a large 184 acre (745,000 m2) horse farm. It contains an outdoor show, dressage, indoor and indoor therapy arena. It has 44 stalls for show rental, two classrooms and one common area and camper hookups for shows and travelers. It is home to the Ohio University Southern Reproduction Center, the Ohio Horse Park Center for Therapeutic Riding, Ohio University Southern Equine Studies Program, Ohio University Southern Southern Equestrian Teams, Ohio University Southern Community Lesson Program, and events from ten different organizations.

It also offers rental of facilities for shows and clinics to the public.

Two disciplines of horseback riding at four different levels are taught at the horse park. In the beginning level of either discipline, either Hunt Seat 1 or Western 1, the groundwork is laid for basic horse care, proper horse handling, and basic riding skills. The riding classes become more difficult at each subsequent level, and require that more and more of a student's time be spent at the horse park.

### Ohio University Proctorville Center

Ohio University Proctorville Center began offering classes in trailers at the Lawrence County Fairgrounds at Proctorville in the late-1970s. It moved to schools in Chesapeake and at Fairland before opening a new center on Ohio State Route 7 in downtown Proctorville in 1992. An increase in enrollment led to cramped conditions and calls for a new facility.

In 2000, Proctorville resident Marshall L. Smith donated land on Ohio State Route 775 for the new Proctorville Center. Design work for the 17,000 sq ft (1,600 m2). structure began in 2004. Ground breaking for the new building was held on July 12, 2005. It was completed in September 2006 for $4.9 million, most of which came from donations from the community. The new, permanent structure includes 14 classrooms, including a distance-learning room, a computer lab, a commons room and a resource room. The building is named Greg Smith Hall in honor of Marshall L. Smith's late son.

It offers numerous Ohio University Southern classes and many community-oriented classes, including ballroom dancing and computer basics.

On March 14, 2023 Ohio University (OU) announced their intentions to sell the Proctorville Campus stating the center has had declining enrollment and decreased revenues. In a letter OU President Hugh Sherman said, “In discussions with our staff at the Proctorville Center, additional reviews of the facility use over the past several years, and enrollment projections, we have determined that it is in the university’s best interest to move forward with the sale of the Proctorville Center.”

On October 12, 2023, Collins Career Technical Center acquired OU’s Southern campus for $1.4 Million. Collins Superintendent Adam M. Pittis said the center would move their allied health services adult classes to their new Proctorville Campus.

38°31′31.94″N 82°39′56.45″W / 38.5255389°N 82.6656806°W / 38.5255389; -82.6656806

## InfoBox

Ohio University Southern Campus
| Type | Public satellite campus |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1956 (1956) |
| Parent institution | Ohio University |
| Dean | Debbie Marinski |
| Students | 1,105 |
| Location | Ironton, Ohio, United States |
| Campus | Rural |
| Colors | Cutler green and cupola white
 |
| Nickname | Trailblazers |
| Website | www.ohio.edu/southern/ |


title: Putijarra

abstract: The Putijarra are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

text:
# Putijarra

The **Putijarra** are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

## Country

Putijarra territory, in Norman Tindale's estimation, extended over 52,000 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi). They were to be found south of Lake George, and east to *Kolajuru*, and beyond the southeast of Kumpupintil Lake, latterly at Mendel in the direction of the Hutton Range. The frontier with the Mandjildjara lay at *Tjundutjundu* well on the Canning Stock Route. When drought struck they would press south to *Kadidi* near Lake Augusta, and the moon totem soak called *Tjangara.* Their most southerly boundary was at *Pulburumal*, the twelfth waterhole on the Canning Stock Route. Their border with the Kartudjara was at *Lawulawu* (Canning Stock Route Well 16).

## Alternative names

* *Potitjara, Putitjara*
* *Budidjara, Bududjara*
* *Purditara*
* *Pawutudjara*
* *Paodudjara*
* *Patudja*
* *Patudjara*
* *Partutudjara*
* *Bawndudjara*
* *Partutu* (lake people)
* *Ngondidjara* (Kartudjara exonym)
* *Kaltalbudara*
* *Kaltalbudjara*
* *Kaltalbudjira*
* *Poroko* (Kokatja exonym)
* *Barduwonga*
* *Badu, Pardu* (?)
* *Tutudjara*

### Citations

1. Tindale 1974, p. 256.

## Sources

* Bates, D. M. (1913). *Social organization of some Western Australian tribes*. Vol. 14. Australian Association for the Advancement of Science. pp. 387–400.
* Berndt, Ronald M. (December 1960). "The Concept of 'The Tribe' in the Western Desert of Australia". *Oceania*. **30** (2): 81–107. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1959.tb00213.x. JSTOR 40329194.
* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Potidjara (WA)". *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020.


title: Ucayali moist forests

abstract: The Ucayali moist forests (NT0174) is an ecoregion in the western Amazon rainforest of Peru.

text:
# Ucayali moist forests

The **Ucayali moist forests** (NT0174) is an ecoregion in the western Amazon rainforest of Peru.

## Geography

### Location

The Ucayali moist forest ecoregion is to the east of the Andes mountains in Peru. It is bounded to the east by the Ucayali River, a major tributary of the Amazon River. To the north it is bounded by the Marañón River.

In the extreme northwest the Ucayali moist forests transition into the Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests. Across the Marañón River valley they transition into the Marañón dry forests, then along most of their western and southern boundary they transition into the Peruvian Yungas. To the east they are separated from the Southwest Amazon moist forests by a belt of Iquitos várzea along the Ucayali River, and to the north they are separated from the Napo moist forests by a belt of Iquitos varzea along the Marañón River.

### Terrain

The sub-Andean terrain is generally flat, but is divided by the Cordillera Oriental, highlands that run along the length of the ecoregion. Elevations are 200 to 1,100 metres (660 to 3,610 ft) above sea level. Many rivers and streams flow from the mountains to the west into the upper Amazon basin.

### Climate

Annual rainfall is 600–2,500 millimetres (24–98 in). At a sample location at 7°45′S 75°45′W / 7.75°S 75.75°W / -7.75; -75.75 the Köppen climate classification is "Af": equatorial, fully humid. Mean temperatures range from 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) in July to 26.1 °C (79.0 °F) in November. Yearly total rainfall is about 1,700 millimetres (67 in). Monthly rainfall ranges from 62.4 millimetres (2.46 in) in August to 205.9 millimetres (8.11 in) in March.

## Ecology

The ecoregion is in the Neotropical realm, in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome.

### Flora

Forests are transitional between wet lowland rainforest to the east and premontane moist forests higher up. The ecoregion has diverse flora, with many species of palm. Tropical hardwood species include mahogany, tropical cedar and kapok.

### Fauna

188 species of mammals have been recorded. There are over 600 species of birds. There are also large populations of many species of invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles.

Endangered mammals include white-bellied spider monkey (*Ateles belzebuth*), Peruvian spider monkey (*Ateles chamek*), Rio Mayo titi (*Callicebus oenanthe*) and giant otter (*Pteronura brasiliensis*). Endangered amphibians include Silverstone's poison frog (*Ameerega silverstonei*) and Johnson's horned treefrog (*Hemiphractus johnsoni*).

## Status

The World Wildlife Fund gives the ecoregion the status of "Vulnerable". The Cordillera Azul National Park protects part of the ecoregion.

1. Ucayali moist forests – Myers, WWF Abstract (map).
2. WildFinder – WWF.
3. Sears & Schipper.
4. Ucayali moist forests – Myers, Climate Data.
5. Ucayali moist forests – Myers, WWF Abstract.
6. Ucayali moist forests – Myers, All Endangered.

### Bibliography

* Sears, Robin; Schipper, Jan, *Eastern South America: Central Peru (NT0174)*, WWF: World Wildlife Fund, retrieved 2017-04-30
* "Ucayali moist forests", *Global Species*, Myers Enterprises II, retrieved 2017-04-30
* *WildFinder*, WWF: World Wildlife Fund, retrieved 2017-04-26

## InfoBox

| Ucayali moist forests (NT0174) | |
| --- | --- |
| Montane rainforest on the mountain ridge between Region de San Martin and Region de Loreto | |
| Ecoregion territory (in purple) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Neotropical |
| Biome | tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests |
| Bird species | \>600 |
| Mammal species | 188 |
| Geography | |
| Countries | Peru |
| Coordinates | 7°45′07″S 75°51′14″W / 7.752°S 75.854°W / -7.752; -75.854 |
| Geology | Ucayali Basin |
| Rivers | Marañon, Ucayali |
| Climate type | Af: equatorial, fully humid |


title: Máximo Couto

abstract: Máximo José Orvalho Simões Couto was a Portuguese water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Máximo Couto

**Máximo José Orvalho Simões Couto** (14 September 1923 – before 2004) was a Portuguese water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Máximo Couto
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Born | (1923-09-14)14 September 1923 |
| Died | before 2004 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Water polo |


title: ISO 3166-2:BI

abstract: ISO 3166-2:BI is the entry for Burundi in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Burundi, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 provinces. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is BI, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Burundi. The second part is two letters.

text:
# ISO 3166-2:BI

**ISO 3166-2:BI** is the entry for Burundi in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Burundi, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 provinces.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is BI, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Burundi. The second part is two letters.

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

*Click on the button in the header to sort each column.*

| Code | Subdivision name (rn), (fr) |
| --- | --- |
| BI-BB | Bubanza |
| BI-BM | Bujumbura Mairie |
| BI-BL | Bujumbura Rural |
| BI-BR | Bururi |
| BI-CA | Cankuzo |
| BI-CI | Cibitoke |
| BI-GI | Gitega |
| BI-KR | Karuzi |
| BI-KY | Kayanza |
| BI-KI | Kirundo |
| BI-MA | Makamba |
| BI-MU | Muramvya |
| BI-MY | Muyinga |
| BI-MW | Mwaro |
| BI-NG | Ngozi |
| BI-RM | Rumonge |
| BI-RT | Rutana |
| BI-RY | Ruyigi |

## Changes

The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998. ISO stopped issuing newsletters in 2013.

| Newsletter | Date issued | Description of change in newsletter | Code/Subdivision change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Newsletter I-4 | 2002-12-10 | Addition of one province | **Subdivisions added:**
BI-MW Mwaro |
| Newsletter II-2 | 2010-06-30 | Update of the administrative structure and of the list source | **Subdivisions added:**
BI-BM Bujumbura Mairie
BI-BL Bujumbura Rural
**Subdivisions deleted:**
BI-BJ Bujumbura |

The following changes to the entry are listed on ISO's online catalogue, the Online Browsing Platform:

| Effective date of change | Short description of change (en) | Code/Subdivision change |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010-06-30 | Update of the administrative structure and of the list source |  |
| 2015-11-27 | Addition of one province BI-RM; update List Source | **Subdivision added:**
BI-RM Rumonge |


title: Phyllophaga pleroma

abstract: Phyllophaga pleroma is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Phyllophaga pleroma

***Phyllophaga pleroma*** is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2006). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 3: Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-30914-2.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllophaga pleroma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllophaga* |
| Species: | ***P. pleroma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllophaga pleroma***<br>Reinhard, 1940 | |
|


title: Hueso Parado

abstract: Hueso Parado, Spanish for “Standing Bone” or El Juez Tarado Spanish for "The Judge Tarado", was the largest village of the Maricopa people in the 19th century, in what is now the Gila River Indian Community in Pinal County, Arizona. El Hueso Parado de Pimas y Cocomaricopas, was first mentioned in an 1823 Mexican Army report, as being located 7 leagues down the Gila River from the Pima Villages. As its name implies it was home to both Pima and Maricopa. Hueso Parado village lay on the west and downstream of the other Pima villages and upstream of the other Maricopa villages. It lay north of Maricopa Wells, above the confluence of the Santa Cruz River with the Gila, on a neck of land between the two rivers. The 1859 survey of the village showed extensive irrigation canals on both the south bank of the Gila and the north bank of the Santa Cruz Rivers, with the village in between them. The 1858 census showed Hueso Parado had a population 314 Maricopa and 263 Pima people also. By 1870, water diverted for irrigation above the Pima Reservation by Mexican and American farmers had made the water too alkaline to drink or use for irrigation at Hueso Parado. The Maricopa abandoned it, moving to the Salt River Valley to take up farming there.

text:
# Hueso Parado

**Hueso Parado**, Spanish for “Standing Bone” or **El Juez Tarado** Spanish for "The Judge Tarado" (1858 census), was the largest village of the Maricopa people in the 19th century, in what is now the Gila River Indian Community in Pinal County, Arizona.

**El Hueso Parado de Pimas y Cocomaricopas**, was first mentioned in an 1823 Mexican Army report, as being located 7 leagues (17.5 miles) down the Gila River from the Pima Villages. As its name implies it was home to both Pima and Maricopa. Hueso Parado village lay on the west and downstream of the other Pima villages and upstream of the other Maricopa villages. It lay north of Maricopa Wells, above the confluence of the Santa Cruz River with the Gila, on a neck of land between the two rivers. The 1859 survey of the village showed extensive irrigation canals on both the south bank of the Gila and the north bank of the Santa Cruz Rivers, with the village in between them.

The 1858 census showed Hueso Parado had a population 314 Maricopa and 263 Pima people also.

By 1870, water diverted for irrigation above the Pima Reservation by Mexican and American farmers had made the water too alkaline to drink or use for irrigation at Hueso Parado. The Maricopa abandoned it, moving to the Salt River Valley to take up farming there.


title: Rossmore, New South Wales

abstract: Rossmore is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is bound to the east by Kemps Creek, the west by South Creek, the north by Fifteenth Avenue, and the south by Rileys Creek in the southwest and a non natural border from there. The main road through the centre of the suburb is Bringelly Road.

text:
# Rossmore, New South Wales

**Rossmore** is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

It is bound to the east by Kemps Creek, the west by South Creek, the north by Fifteenth Avenue, and the south by Rileys Creek in the southwest and a non natural border from there. The main road through the centre of the suburb is Bringelly Road.

## History

Rossmore was originally known as Cabramatta after the parish of Cabramatta. It was the subject of a novel called *The Cabramatta Store* by Mary Theresa Vidal, which is believed to be the first novel published by a woman in Australia. In 1856, the railway line was extended from Granville to Liverpool and a station was established at what is now the modern-day Cabramatta. There was a horse stud in the area called *Rossmoor Stud* which is believed to have been named after *Rossmore Lodge,* a famous horse stud in Kildare, Ireland. To avoid confusion with the new station of Cabramatta, the old town of Cabramatta became known as Rossmore.

Rossmore Post Office opened on 22 March 1897.

## Heritage listings

Rossmore has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, Rossmore had a population of 2,241 people with a median age of 40, which was slightly higher than the national median age of 38. The majority of people were born in Australia (65.7%), with the other most common countries of birth being Lebanon (5.4%), Italy (3.6%), China (excluding SARs and Taiwan) (3.1%), Malta (2.2%) and New Zealand (1.2%). About half (53.8%) of all respondents only spoke English at home, with Arabic (14.0%), Italian (5.0%), Cantonese (4.4%), Maltese (2.5%) and Spanish (1.3%) forming the top responses for languages spoken at home.

## Housing

As at the 2021 census, Rossmore had a total of 707 private dwellings, of which 97.5% were detached houses. Of these occupied private dwellings, 46.0% were owned outright, 31.7% were rented and 16.6% were owned with a mortgage.

## Religious facilities

The Church of the Holy Innocents in an Anglican church situated in Church Street, just off Bringelly Road. Its foundation stone was laid on 28 December 1848 or Holy Innocents Day. It is a parish church in the Gothic Revival style and was designed by Richard Cromwell Carpenter and Edmund Blacket. It features steep roofs covered with shingles, an open timber porch, a nave, chancel, belfry and vestry. The church is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register and on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.

The suburb is also home to three Buddhist temples: the Vinh Duc Meditation Hall, a Vietnamese Buddhist temple, on Allenby Road, the Lin Ying temple in Clementson Drive and the Vat Ketanak Khmer Kampuchea Krom in Wynyard Avenue.

## Transport

Bringelly Road connects Rossmore to Liverpool and the Westlink M7, a tollway providing relatively quick connection to Sydney CBD and other parts of greater Sydney. The only public transport in the area is the Route 855/856 bus service connecting Bringelly to Liverpool via Rossmore, Austral, Hoxton Park and Cartwright.

In 2015, a stabling facility opened in Rossmore as part of the South West Rail Link, though the terminus station is located at Leppington.

33°55′21″S 150°46′11″E / 33.92240°S 150.76964°E / -33.92240; 150.76964

## InfoBox

| Rossmore
Sydney, New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Population | 2,241 (SAL 2021) |
| Established | 1836 |
| Postcode(s) | 2557 |
| Elevation | 83 m (272 ft) |
| Area | 16.3 km2 (6.3 sq mi) |
| Location | 47 km (29 mi) from Sydney |
| LGA(s) |  |
| State electorate(s) | Leppington |
| Federal division(s) |  |
| **Suburbs around Rossmore:**  Bradfield Kemps Creek Austral  Bringelly Rossmore Austral  Catherine Field Leppington Leppington | |


title: West Pinjarra, Western Australia

abstract: West Pinjarra is a suburb of the town of Pinjarra in the Peel Region of Western Australia. Its local government area is the Shire of Murray. It is a predominantly industrial suburb, with many engineering and manufacturing facilities located there. It is connected to other parts of the state by the Forrest Highway and Pinjarra Road.

text:
# West Pinjarra, Western Australia

**West Pinjarra** is a suburb of the town of Pinjarra in the Peel Region of Western Australia. Its local government area is the Shire of Murray.

It is a predominantly industrial suburb, with many engineering and manufacturing facilities located there. It is connected to other parts of the state by the Forrest Highway and Pinjarra Road.

## InfoBox

| West Pinjarra
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 32°38′34″S 115°48′56″E / 32.64279°S 115.81567°E / -32.64279; 115.81567 |
| Population | 448 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 6208 |
| Area | 58.7 km2 (22.7 sq mi) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Shire of Murray |
| State electorate(s) | Murray-Wellington |
| Federal division(s) | Canning |
| **Localities around West Pinjarra:**  Ravenswood Ravenswood Pinjarra  Nirimba West Pinjarra Pinjarra  Birchmont West Coolup Blythewood | |


title: Ohio Valley Athletic Conference

abstract: The Ohio Valley Athletic Conference is a high school sports league in parts of southeastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. The OVAC is the largest conference of its kind in the United States. Schools in the upper Ohio Valley supply over 18,000 athletes in various competitive athletic areas. The conference was organized in 1943.

text:
# Ohio Valley Athletic Conference

The **Ohio Valley Athletic Conference** is a high school sports league in parts of southeastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. The OVAC is the largest conference of its kind in the United States. Schools in the upper Ohio Valley supply over 18,000 athletes in various competitive athletic areas. The conference was organized in 1943.

## Classification

Schools are categorized by enrollment of eligible athletes, where Class A is the smallest enrollment and Class AAAAA is the largest enrollment. As of the 2020-2021 school year, there are 18,332 eligible athletes in grades 9 through 11.

| Class | Enrollment | Members |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A (1A) | 0-149 | 11 |
| AA (2A) | 150-220 | 10 |
| AAA (3A) | 221-336 | 9 |
| AAAA (4A) | 337-496 | 10 |
| AAAAA (5A) | 497+ | 10 |
|

## Member schools

| School | Nickname | Location | Colors | Joined | Class |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | | |
| Barnesville | Shamrocks | Barnesville, Ohio | Green, Red, White
 | 1953 | AAA |
| Beallsville | Blue Devils | Beallsville, Ohio | Royal Blue, White
 | 1960 | A |
| Beaver Local | Beavers | East Liverpool, Ohio | Red, White
 | 1991 | AAAA |
| Bellaire | Big Reds | Bellaire, Ohio | Red, Black
 | 1943 | AAA |
| Bridgeport | Bulldogs | Bridgeport, Ohio | Columbia Blue, White, Black
 | 1946 | AA |
| Brooke | Bruins | Wellsburg, West Virginia | Green, Gold
 | 1969 | AAAAA |
| Buckeye Local | Panthers | Rayland, Ohio | Navy, Silver
 | 1990 | AAA |
| Buckeye Trail | Warriors | Lore City, Ohio | Royal Blue, White
 | 1977 | AAA |
| Caldwell | Redskins | Caldwell, Ohio | Red, White
 | 1977 | AA |
| Cambridge | Bobcats | Cambridge, Ohio | Royal Blue, White
 | 1974 | AAAA |
| Cameron | Dragons | Cameron, West Virginia | Navy, Gold
 | 1950 | A |
| Clay-Battelle | Cee-Bees | Blacksville, West Virginia | Navy, Grey
 | 2011 | AA |
| Conotton Valley | Rockets | Bowerston, Ohio | Kelly Green, White
 | 1991 | A |
| Dover | Crimson Tornadoes | Dover, Ohio | Crimson, Gray
 | 2019 | AAAAA |
| East Liverpool | Potters | East Liverpool, Ohio | Blue, White
 | 1973 | AAAA |
| Edison | Wildcats | Richmond, Ohio | Silver, Black
 | 1993 | AAAA |
| Fort Frye | Cadets | Beverly, Ohio | Scarlet Red, Dover White, Royal Blue
 | 1977 | AAA |
| Frontier | Cougars | New Matamoras, Ohio | Columbia Blue, Vegas Gold
 | 1975 | AA |
| Harrison Central | Huskies | Cadiz, Ohio | Black, Silver, Royal Blue
 | 1999 | AAAA |
| Hundred | Hornets | Hundred, West Virginia | Navy, Red, White
 | 1997 | A |
| Indian Creek | Redskins | Wintersville, Ohio | Red, Gold
 | 1993 | AAAA |
| John Marshall | Monarchs | Glen Dale, West Virginia | Vegas Gold, Brown
 | 1968 | AAAAA |
| Linsly | Cadets | Wheeling, West Virginia | Orange, Black
 | 1943 | AAA |
| Madonna | Blue Dons | Weirton, West Virginia | Navy, Silver, White
 | 1958 | A |
| Magnolia | Blue Eagles | New Martinsville, West Virginia | Blue, Gold
 | 1949 | AAA |
| Martins Ferry | Purple Riders | Martins Ferry, Ohio | Purple, White
 | 1943 | AAA |
| Monroe Central | Seminoles | Woodsfield, Ohio | Red, Vegas Gold, Black, White
 | 1994 | AAA |
| Morgantown | Mohigans | Morgantown, West Virginia | Red, Royal Blue
 | 2010 | AAAAA |
| New Philadelphia | Quakers | New Philadelphia, Ohio | Red, Black
 | 2019 | AAAAA |
| Oak Glen | Golden Bears | New Cumberland, West Virginia | Columbia Blue, Gold, White
 | 1964 | AAAA |
| Paden City | Wildcats | Paden City, West Virginia | Forest Green, White
 | 1957 | A |
| Parkersburg South | Patriots | Parkersburg, West Virginia | Blue, Scarlet, White
 | 1975 | AAAAA |
| River | Pilots | Hannibal, Ohio | Scarlet, Gray
 | 1958 | AA |
| Shadyside | Tigers | Shadyside, Ohio | Orange, Black
 | 1943 | AA |
| Shenandoah | Zeps | Sarahsville, Ohio | Forest Green, White
 | 1973 | AA |
| Southern Local | Indians | Salineville, Ohio | Royal Blue, Athletic Gold
 | 2015 | AA |
| St. Clairsville | Red Devils | St. Clairsville, Ohio | Scarlet, Gray
 | 1947 | AAAA |
| St. John | Fighting Irish | Bellaire, Ohio | Kelly Green, White
 | 1943 | A |
| Steubenville | Big Red | Steubenville, Ohio | Crimson Red, Black
 | 1943 | AAAAA |
| Steubenville Catholic | Crusaders | Steubenville, Ohio | Royal Blue, Gold
 | 1943 | A |
| Toronto | Red Knights | Toronto, Ohio | Red, White
 | 1950 | AA |
| Trinity Christian | Warriors | Morgantown, West Virginia | Cardinal Red, Vegas Gold
 | 2009 | A |
| Union Local | Jets | Belmont, Ohio | Red, White
 | 1959 | AAAA |
| University | Hawks | Morgantown, West Virginia | Crimson, Gold, Black
 | 2010 | AAAAA |
| Valley | Lumberjacks | Pine Grove, West Virginia | Black, Gold
 | 1977 | A |
| Warren | Warriors | Vincent, Ohio | Royal Blue, White
 | 2015 | AAAAA |
| Weir | Red Riders | Weirton, West Virginia | Red, Black
 | 1943 | AAAA |
| Wellsville | Tigers | Wellsville, Ohio | Orange, Black
 | 1954 | AA |
| Wheeling Central | Maroon Knights | Wheeling, West Virginia | Maroon, White
 | 1943 | AA |
| Wheeling Park | Patriots | Wheeling, West Virginia | Red, White, Royal
 | 1976 | AAAAA |
|

### Conference affiliations

* Buckeye 8 Athletic League \- Beaver Local, Bellaire, Cambridge, East Liverpool, Edison, Harrison Central, Indian Creek, Martins Ferry, St. Clairsville, Union Local
* East Central Ohio League \- Dover, New Philadelphia, Warren
* Eastern Ohio Athletic Conference \- Southern Local, Wellsville
* Mason Dixon Conference - Cameron, Clay-Battelle, Hundred, Weirton Madonna
* Pioneer Valley Conference \- Buckeye Trail, Caldwell, Fort Frye, Frontier, Monroe Central, Shenandoah
* Two Rivers Athletic Conference - John Marshall, Morgantown, Parkersburg South, University, Wheeling Park

## InfoBox

Ohio Valley Athletic Conference
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Classification | OHSAA Divisions I-VII
WVSSAC Divisions A-AAA |
| Founded | 1943 |
| Sports fielded | * Football, Cross Country, Golf, Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, Swimming, Wrestling, Baseball, Softball, Track and Field |
| Region | Ohio
West Virginia |
| Official website | http://www.ovac.org |


title: Milutin Krunich

abstract: Milutin Krunich was a patriotic Serbian lieutenant and author whose stories were used to create a Serbophil sentiment in America leading up to the American entry into World War I.

text:
# Milutin Krunich

**Milutin Krunich** was a patriotic Serbian lieutenant and author whose stories were used to create a Serbophil sentiment in America leading up to the American entry into World War I.

## Serbia crucified

A patriotic Serbian book *Serbia Crucified: The Beginning* in 1918 was written with the help of Leah Marie Bruce from Berkeley California. It was reviewed in The Survey in 1918. It was reviewed again in 1919.

It contains four stories

1. "The Fall of Nish"
2. "The Graveyard by the Morava"

1. "The Place of the Skull"
2. "Our Child"

The second and third of these appeared in the issue of The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 119 in 1917.

Leah Marie Bruce also wrote letters to the editor reiterating the stories from the book.

## Bibliography

* The graveyard by the Morava (1917)
* Serbia Crucified: The Beginning (1918)
* 'We, the Cavemen' (1925)
* Then Christs Fought Hard (1925)


title: Uncial 0211

abstract: Uncial 0211, ε 051 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 7th century.

text:
# Uncial 0211

**Uncial 0211** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 051 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 7th century.

## Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 258 parchment leaves (27 cm by 19.5 cm). Written in two columns per page, 8 lines per page, in uncial letters.

The text-type of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the K1. Aland placed it in Category V.

According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx in Luke 1, in Luke 10 it has a mixture of the Byzantine families, in Luke 20 it has mixed text. In Luke 1 it belongs to the textual cluster 1213; it is related to the Codex Campianus in Luke 10 and Luke 20.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th century.

The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Kurt Aland in 1953.

The codex is currently housed at the Georgian National Center of Manuscripts (Gr. 27) in Tbilisi, Georgia.

## Further reading

* Kurt Treu (1966). *Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der USSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan*. T & U 91. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. pp. 349–351.

## InfoBox

Uncial **0211**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 7th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Georgian National Center of Manuscripts |
| Size | 27 x 19.5 cm |
| Type | Byzantine text-type |
| Category | V |


title: Máximo Diego Pujol

abstract: Máximo Diego Pujol is an Argentine classical guitarist and composer.

text:
# Máximo Diego Pujol

**Máximo Diego Pujol** (born 7 December 1957) is an Argentine classical guitarist and composer.

## Life and career

He was born in Buenos Aires and graduated from the Juan José Castro Provincial Conservatory. Pujol undertook his instrumental studies with Gaspar Navarro, Alfredo Vincente, Gascón and Horacio Ceballos, Abel Carlevaro, Liliana Ardissone and Miguel Angel Girollet. He also studied harmony and composition under the guidance of Leónidas Arnedo and participated in master classes and seminars directed by Antonio de Raco, Abel Carlevaro, and Leo Brouwer.

Pujol has been awarded numerous prizes in Argentine and international competitions. In 1989 he was awarded the Argentine Composers' Union prize as 'Best Composer of Classical Music'. His compositions reflect the influence of Ástor Piazzolla and similarly use the tango as a basic style.

## Publications

Pujol's music is published exclusively with Éditions Henry Lemoine, Paris.

## Recordings


title: Oberwiesenfeld station

abstract: Oberwiesenfeld is a station on the Munich U-Bahn which opened on October 28, 2007. It is located at the Moosacher Straße at the northern end of the Olympiapark, near the Olympic Village in Am Riesenfeld.

text:
# Oberwiesenfeld station

**Oberwiesenfeld** is a station on the Munich U-Bahn which opened on October 28, 2007. It is located at the Moosacher Straße at the northern end of the Olympiapark, near the Olympic Village in Am Riesenfeld.

Media related to U-Bahnhof Oberwiesenfeld at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Oberwiesenfeld | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Milbertshofen<br>Munich, Germany |
| Coordinates | 48°11′10″N 11°32′52″E / 48.18611°N 11.54778°E / 48.18611; 11.54778 |
| Platforms | Island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | : M |
| History | |
| Opened | 28 October 2007 (2007-10-28) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Munich U-Bahn Following station  Olympia-Einkaufszentrumtowards Munich-Moosach  U3  Olympiazentrumtowards Fürstenried West | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Photodisruption

abstract: Photodisruption is a form of minimally invasive surgery used in ophthalmology, utilizing infrared Nd:YAG lasers to form plasma, which then causes acoustic shock waves ("thunderclap") which then in turn affects tissue. The tissue ruptures as a result of the vapor bubble produced by the laser; the temperature required to produce this effect is between 100 and 305 °C. Because the infrared laser is invisible to the surgeon's eye, typically a companion HeNe laser is used in conjunction. However, the eye lens acts as a prism, so the infrared light bends at a shallower angle than the red light, causing chromatic aberration. This means the area highlighted by the HeNe laser is not precisely the area being affected Nd:YAG laser, and therefore some surgical lasers have an added adjustment to compensate. The first successful use of photodisruption was in 1972, on a case of trabecular meshwork. Photodisruption came to wide use in the early 1980s for the treatment of extracapsular cataract extraction. The technique is most commonly used for lithotripsy of urinary calculi and the treatment of posterior capsulotomy of the lens. When used in corneal surgery, picosecond and nanosecond disruptors are used on the lamellae of the corneal stroma, and the method may be preferable as it leaves the epithelium and Bowman's layer unharmed. This modifies the outer corneal curvature, which affects the refractive property of the eye.

text:
# Photodisruption

**Photodisruption** is a form of minimally invasive surgery used in ophthalmology, utilizing infrared Nd:YAG lasers to form plasma ("lightning bolt"), which then causes acoustic shock waves ("thunderclap") which then in turn affects tissue. The tissue ruptures as a result of the vapor bubble produced by the laser; the temperature required to produce this effect is between 100 and 305 °C.

Because the infrared laser is invisible to the surgeon's eye, typically a companion HeNe laser is used in conjunction. However, the eye lens acts as a prism, so the infrared light bends at a shallower angle than the red light, causing chromatic aberration. This means the area highlighted by the HeNe laser is not precisely the area being affected Nd:YAG laser, and therefore some surgical lasers have an added adjustment to compensate.

The first successful use of photodisruption was in 1972, on a case of trabecular meshwork. Photodisruption came to wide use in the early 1980s for the treatment of extracapsular cataract extraction. The technique is most commonly used for lithotripsy of urinary calculi and the treatment of posterior capsulotomy of the lens. When used in corneal surgery, picosecond and nanosecond disruptors are used on the lamellae of the corneal stroma, and the method may be preferable as it leaves the epithelium and Bowman's layer unharmed. This modifies the outer corneal curvature, which affects the refractive property of the eye.

## InfoBox

| Photodisruption | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | ophthalmology |


title: Hove, Norway

abstract: Hove is a largely beach area on the island of Tromøy in the municipality of Arendal in Aust-Agder county, Norway.

text:
# Hove, Norway

**Hove** is a largely beach area on the island of Tromøy in the municipality of Arendal in Aust-Agder county, Norway.

## Location

The Hove area lies on the southwest part of the island of Tromøy. The Skagerrak lies to the southeast, and to the northwest is Hove Bay (*Hovekilen*), a shallow protected marine area. There is a strait to the southwest, separating Hove from the islands of Merdø and Gjessøya, and northeast of Hove is Spornes, with a beach that alternates between a sandy beach and a pebble beach depending on the wind and weather. Tromøy Church and the Brekka farm stand further to the northeast. The entire area is characterized by a large moraine, which creates the natural basis for pebble beaches, sandy beaches, and large areas of Aust-Agder's best arable land. The outer part of the Hove area is part of a moraine landscape area with the protected Hove Woods (*Hoveskogen*), containing windswept Scots pine. The inner part, facing Hove Bay, has extensive camping and beaches for swimming. Hove Camping and the Hove Farm are also located here. It is about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from Hove to the town of Arendal.

## History

### Viking era

There are 17 registered burial mounds in Hove. The mounds date from the Bronze Age to the Viking Age. Hove was a part of a southwest Norwegian Viking kingdom around 800 AD. The name *Hove* suggests that it may have been the site of an old heathen hof.

### Modern history

Hove Camp was taken over by the German occupation forces during the Second World War. Three radar installations were set up on Hove, a *Regelbau* R618 communications bunker, and an antiaircraft training center (the *Feld Flakartillerie-schule (Nord) 50*) from 1941 to 1944, probably along with four pieces of 88 mm antiaircraft artillery.

After the Second World War, Hove Camp was used by the Norwegian Armed Forces until 1962. In the 1970, the Workers' Communist Party conducted some of its annual summer camps at Hove Camp. For many years, until 2006, the state also used Hove Camp as an asylum reception center.

In 2003, the Friends of Hove (*Hoves Venner*) society was established, dedicated to helping preserve the area. Hove Camp is now administered by the Hove Operation and Development Company (*Hove Drifts- og Utviklingsselskap AS*), under 100% ownership of the municipality of Arendal, and it is being developed for cultural and tourism purposes. Starting in 2007, the camp was used for the Hove Festival, which was Norway's largest music festival that year.

The Norwegian reality television series *71° nord* has used Hove several times for its broadcasts.

## Agriculture

Hove has easily cultivated self-draining soil, and was therefore a favorable place for early agriculture. The Hove area originally belonged to the Hove Farm, which was one of the most important farms on Tromøy. The first known records of growing potatoes in Norway show that they were grown at the Hove Farm; on May 31, 1757 the customs clerk Niels Ålholm wrote in his garden diary that he had "observeret Potatoes at opkomme" (seen the potatoes come up). In 1773, 5,015 potatoes were planted at the farm. Together with other farms located along Hove Bay, in the 19th century the Hove Farm was able to develop modern agriculture built around the sale of products in Arendal. The products were transported to the town by sea.

## Recreation

Hove has a shallow, sandy beach along the north side, facing Hove Bay; this was a popular swimming beach in the 1900s, especially for families with children. It is possible to take boat trips to Hove from Arendal in the summer, and ferry service operates from the town center. There is a campsite connected to the beach. The area is also a popular recreation area for hikers and other outdoor enthusiasts.

## InfoBox

| Hove | |
| --- | --- |
| Beach | |
| Hove Point | |
| Hove | |
| Coordinates: 58°26′33″N 8°50′35″E / 58.44250°N 8.84306°E / 58.44250; 8.84306 | |


title: Rose Richards

abstract: Rose Richards is an Australian healthcare worker and human rights advocate. Also known as Mookai Rosie she is an Aboriginal community leader, a Kuku Yalanji and Tagalaka elder from Far North Queensland. She advocated for culturally safe health care for Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander maternity patients and established Australia's first Indigenous community-controlled corporation that specialises in health care services for women and children.

text:
# Rose Richards

**Rose Richards** is an Australian healthcare worker and human rights advocate. Also known as **Mookai Rosie** (Aunty Rosie) she is an Aboriginal community leader, a Kuku Yalanji and Tagalaka elder from Far North Queensland. She advocated for culturally safe health care for Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander maternity patients and established Australia's first Indigenous community-controlled corporation that specialises in health care services for women and children.

## Early life

Rose Richards (née Grogan) grew up at the Mona Mona Aboriginal Mission, run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church near Kuranda. A descendant of the Kuku Yalanji and Tagalaka people in Far North Queensland.

## Advocacy

During the late 1970s Richards worked at Cairns Base Hospital as an Aboriginal welfare officer. She became concerned about the welfare of children born in Cairns to women from remote communities in Cape York and the Torres Strait. These women come to Cairns four to six weeks before the birth of their babies because there are no birthing facilities in remote Cape York and western Queensland, and women from the Torres Strait who require specialist obstetric care also come to Cairns. Their children were frequently developing serious health complications because of the lack of appropriate medical services in their communities when they returned home.

Richards, her sister Esme Hudson and Bonnie Simpson began taking expectant and new mums into their homes in a community based initiative to provide a culturally safe place for these women to wait for the birth of their babies.

Richards continued to advocate and in 1983 established Mookai Rosie Bi-Byan (Aunty Rosie's Place) as a hostel to provide accommodation for Aboriginal women from Far North Queensland awaiting the births of their babies in Cairns. As well as safe accommodation, Mookai Rosie Bi-Byan offers mothers advice on nutrition and provides prenatal and postnatal care and support.

In 2009, preparations for the construction of a 24-bed facility began in Edmonton, south of Cairns and Mookai Rosie Bi-Byan moved to its current location in 2010. It is Far North Queensland's only Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women's accommodation service run and staffed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander women and Australia's first Indigenous community-controlled corporation that specialises in health care services for women and children.

Richards was also involved in establishing the Wuchopperen Medical Service and the ATSI Medical Service in Cairns.

## Awards


title: Wesele Cove

abstract: Wesele Cove is a cove between Boy Point and Low Head on the south coast of King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Named in 1980 by the Polish Antarctic Expedition after Wesele, a play by Polish dramatist Stanislaw Wyspianski (1869–1907).

text:
# Wesele Cove

**Wesele Cove** (62°10′S 58°9′W / 62.167°S 58.150°W / -62.167; -58.150) is a cove between Boy Point and Low Head on the south coast of King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Named in 1980 by the Polish Antarctic Expedition after Wesele (The Wedding), a play by Polish dramatist Stanislaw Wyspianski (1869–1907).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wesele Cove". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Ohio University – Chillicothe

abstract: Ohio University Chillicothe is a regional campus of Ohio University in Chillicothe, Ohio. Founded in 1946, OHIO Chillicothe campus is the first of Ohio University's regional campuses and the first regional campus in the state. It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of the state capital of Columbus. As of 2019, it has an enrollment of approximately 1,500 students. The campus location and the long-time membership of the Ross County region allows OHIO Chillicothe to draw a unique mix of both traditional college students, young adults ages 18–22 who begin college directly out of high school, and "new traditionals," adults who are pursuing a degree later in life, often after many years in of work experience. In addition, the campus offers a wide variety of course times and schedules, to allow students to take classes when at their own convenience. The campus practices open admissions. The oldest of the five regional campuses of Ohio University and the first regional campus in the state, OHIO Chillicothe opened as a regional campus in September 1946 to help eliminate post–World War II overcrowding on the university's main campus. The school began with 281 students, 70 percent of which were armed services veterans. Beginning with night courses at Chillicothe High School, OHIO Chillicothe started daytime classes in September 1960 at Chillicothe's First Presbyterian Church. The school moved to its current location on University Hill on the western side of the city in September 1966 with the completion of Bennett Hall. OHIO Chillicothe offers thirteen associate degrees and eight four-year bachelor's degrees. In addition, a variety of continuing education and tech prep courses are offered by OHIO Chillicothe. There are over thirty full-time faculty members and more than seventy adjunct faculty. The main campus of Ohio University is located in Athens, Ohio. More than 5,500 students attend Ohio University's five regional campuses. The other campuses include OHIO Eastern, OHIO Zanesville, OHIO Lancaster, and OHIO Southern (Ironton).

text:
# Ohio University – Chillicothe

**Ohio University Chillicothe** is a regional campus of Ohio University in Chillicothe, Ohio. Founded in 1946, OHIO Chillicothe campus is the first of Ohio University's regional campuses and the first regional campus in the state. It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of the state capital of Columbus. As of 2019, it has an enrollment of approximately 1,500 students.

The campus location and the long-time membership of the Ross County region allows OHIO Chillicothe to draw a unique mix of both traditional college students, young adults ages 18–22 who begin college directly out of high school, and "new traditionals," adults who are pursuing a degree later in life, often after many years in of work experience. In addition, the campus offers a wide variety of course times and schedules, to allow students to take classes when at their own convenience. The campus practices open admissions.

The oldest of the five regional campuses of Ohio University and the first regional campus in the state, OHIO Chillicothe opened as a regional campus in September 1946 to help eliminate post–World War II overcrowding on the university's main campus. The school began with 281 students, 70 percent of which were armed services veterans. Beginning with night courses at Chillicothe High School, OHIO Chillicothe started daytime classes in September 1960 at Chillicothe's First Presbyterian Church. The school moved to its current location on University Hill on the western side of the city in September 1966 with the completion of Bennett Hall.

OHIO Chillicothe offers thirteen associate degrees and eight four-year bachelor's degrees. In addition, a variety of continuing education and tech prep courses are offered by OHIO Chillicothe. There are over thirty full-time faculty members and more than seventy adjunct faculty.

The main campus of Ohio University is located in Athens, Ohio. More than 5,500 students attend Ohio University's five regional campuses. The other campuses include OHIO Eastern (St. Clairsville), OHIO Zanesville, OHIO Lancaster, and OHIO Southern (Ironton).

## Academics

OHIO Chillicothe offers 12 bachelor's degree programs and 11 associate degree programs. In addition, OHIO Chillicothe is pleased to offer the College Credit Plus (CC+) program which allows secondary students to earn college credit and satisfy high school graduation requirements at the same time by taking college-level courses. All interested students are encouraged to apply. The admission process for the College Credit Plus (CC+) program on any of Ohio University's regional campuses is modeled on our review process in place for degree-seeking freshman enrollment.. Noncredit courses and workshops are also offered on the Chillicothe campus.

## Facilities

OHIO Chillicothe is supported by three main buildings that serve the campus community in a wide range of functions.

* Bennett Hall serves as the hub of all campus activity. From classrooms to faculty and administrative offices to the auditorium, students spend a great deal of time in this building in the center of campus. The building also houses a teaching laboratory and mock nursing lab for practical application for students while in the classroom.
* Stevenson Center is home to the campus library, Quinn Library. It is also home to the Learning Commons.
* Shoemaker Center is the health and wellness facility on campus. It houses a full-sized collegiate basketball court, a running track and multiple weight rooms. It also houses some additional faculty offices and meeting spaces.

**Other Facilities**

* Ross County/Ohio University – Chillicothe Child Development and Family Service Center
* Technical Studies Building

## Athletics

All Ohio University branch campuses dropped sports, effective the 2021 fall semester. Ohio University Chillicothe formerly featured intercollegiate athletics in women's volleyball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's tennis, softball, baseball, and golf as a part of the Ohio Regional Campus Conference.

## Alumni

## InfoBox

Ohio University Chillicothe
| Type | Public regional campus |
| --- | --- |
| Established | February 18, 1946 (1946-02-18) |
| Parent institution | Ohio University |
| President | Dr. Lori Gonzalez |
| Dean | Dr. Roberta Milliken |
| Students | 1,479 |
| Location | Chillicothe, Ohio, United States
39°19′42″N 83°0′16″W / 39.32833°N 83.00444°W / 39.32833; -83.00444 |
| Campus | Rural |
| Colors | Cutler green and Cupola white
 |
| Mascot | Bobcats |
| Website | www.ohio.edu/chillicothe |


title: Milutin Kukanjac

abstract: Milutin Kukanjac was a Yugoslav military officer who was a colonel general with the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) at the beginning of the Bosnian War.

text:
# Milutin Kukanjac

**Milutin Kukanjac** (Serbian Cyrillic: Милутин Кукањац; 1 January 1935 – 16 January 2002) was a Yugoslav military officer who was a colonel general with the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) at the beginning of the Bosnian War.

## Career

Kukanjac was commander of the Siege of Sarajevo from March until July 1992. Kukanjac and the Yugoslav People's Army left Sarajevo at this time.

Kukanjac commanded JNA units on Dobrovoljačka Street in Sarajevo on 3 May 1992 as members of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) ambushed the column of JNA units, seizing many weapons, and killing up to 42 Yugoslav soldiers, although the exact number is unknown. JNA officers claim only six soldiers were killed.

He was also responsible for ordering a demolition of the Armijska Ratna Komanda D-0 nuclear bunker on 7 May 1992, but the plan was sabotaged.

He appeared in the BBC documentary series *The Death of Yugoslavia*.

## InfoBox

| Milutin Kukanjac | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1 January 1935
Ljubiš, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (modern-day Serbia) |
| Died | 16 January 2002(2002-01-16) (aged 67)
Belgrade, FR Yugoslavia (modern-day Serbia) |
| Allegiance | SFR Yugoslavia
FR Yugoslavia |
| Service/branch | Yugoslav People's Army
Armed Forces of Yugoslavia |
| Years of service | Until 1992 |
| Rank | Colonel general |
| Commands | 2nd VO |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Andrássy University Budapest

abstract: Andrássy University Budapest (AUB) is a private university in Budapest, the capital of Hungary. Andrássy University Budapest was founded in 2001 and is the only completely German-language university outside the German-speaking countries. As a European university in Hungary, it is supported by five partner states and also by Switzerland and the autonomous region of Trentino-South Tyrol.

text:
# Andrássy University Budapest

**Andrássy University Budapest** (**AUB**) (full name: **Andrássy Gyula German Speaking University Budapest**/**Andrássy Gyula Deutschsprachige Universität Budapest**) is a private university in Budapest, the capital of Hungary. Andrássy University Budapest was founded in 2001 and is the only completely German-language university outside the German-speaking countries. As a European university in Hungary, it is supported by five partner states (Austria, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Germany, Hungary) and also by Switzerland and the autonomous region of Trentino-South Tyrol.

## History

The idea to found AUB goes back to the “Ulm Declaration” of 22 February 2001. The prime ministers of Hungary, the Republic of Austria, the State of Baden-Württemberg and the Free State of Bavaria came to an agreement during a summit meeting in Ulm to support a German-language university in Budapest which Hungary had been planning, and to take active part in its implementation. Thus the cornerstone for a multinational community project was laid. The then-planned expansion of the European Union was the tone-setting impulse; a contribution to the integration process of the Central European area into the European Union was made which continues to this day.

Founded in the same year by Hungary, the “Public Foundation for the German Language University in Budapest” served as agent. In June 2001, AUB received state recognition by the Hungarian Parliament. Just one year thereafter, the “Andrássy Gyula German-Language University in Budapest” (Andrássy University Budapest – AUB) initiated its teaching programme.

With the name “Andrássy Gyula German-Language University in Budapest“, the founders placed the institution and its future role in the historic traditional lineage of Central Europe. Its namesake, Count Gyula Andrássy (1823-1890), was an active participant of the revolution of 1848/49, from 1867 to 1871 Hungarian prime minister and finally, until his resignation in 1879, foreign minister of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. He was an involved proponent of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, which was bound into the foundation of the Dual Monarchy. He was committed to the promotion of understanding among the nations, and through his extraordinary endeavours for the close cooperation of the Central European states, he is known as one of the most prominent diplomats of the 19th century.

AUB was the first university outside of Germany to be accredited according to German rules and criteria. With its quality assurance system certified by the evalag evaluation agency from Baden-Württemberg, the university guarantees the best study and teaching conditions. It was the fifth in Hungary to be accepted into the excellence program of Hungarian colleges, thus earning the title “University of National Excellence”.

## Studies

Master's degree Programmes (German-language):

Ph.D. Programme:

AUB's German-language interdisciplinary Ph.D. programme offers a graduate course in four subjects under the guiding perspective, “The Future of Central Europe in the European Union”:

* History
* Political science
* Jurisprudence
* Economics

## Building

Home of the AUB is the historical Festetics Palota, Budapest built by the Hungarian architect Miklós Ybl for the Hungarian statesman György Festetics and located in the centre of Budapest in the neighbourhood of the Hungarian National Museum.

47°29′30″N 19°03′51″E / 47.4918°N 19.0642°E / 47.4918; 19.0642

## InfoBox

Andrássy University Budapest
| Andrássy Gyula Budapesti Német Nyelvű Egyetem<br>Andrássy Gyula Deutschsprachige Universität Budapest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Other name | AUB |
| Type | University |
| Established | 2001 |
| Endowment | Public Foundation for the German-Language University |
| Rector | Zoltán Tibor Pállinger |
| Students | 250 |
| Location | Budapest, Hungary |
| Campus | 1088 Budapest, Pollack Mihály tér 3. |
| Website | www.andrassyuni.eu |


title: Una luz en mi camino

abstract: Una luz en mi camino is a 1939 Spanish-language Mexican drama film directed by José Bohr. It stars Narciso Busquets, Consuelo Frank, Virginia Fábregas and Pedro Armendáriz.

text:
# Una luz en mi camino

***Una luz en mi camino*** is a 1939 Spanish-language Mexican drama film directed by José Bohr. It stars Narciso Busquets, Consuelo Frank, Virginia Fábregas and Pedro Armendáriz.

## InfoBox

| Una luz en mi camino | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | José Bohr |
| Starring |  |
| Release date | * 1939 (1939) |
| Country | Mexico |
| Language | Spanish |


title: WADI

abstract: WADI is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Corinth, Mississippi, United States. The station is owned by The Eagle Radio Network, Inc. It broadcasts a hot country music format. The station was assigned the WADI call letters by the Federal Communications Commission. As of April 30, 2022, the programming is now also broadcast on translator frequency W254AA which serves the community of Colbert Heights, Alabama and the Quad-Cities of North Alabama through an agreement between owners.

text:
# WADI

**WADI** (95.3 FM, "The Bee") is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Corinth, Mississippi, United States. The station is owned by The Eagle Radio Network, Inc. It broadcasts a hot country music format.

The station was assigned the WADI call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.

As of April 30, 2022, the programming is now also broadcast on translator frequency W254AA which serves the community of Colbert Heights, Alabama and the Quad-Cities of North Alabama through an agreement between owners.

## InfoBox

WADI
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Corinth, Mississippi
Tupelo, Mississippi
Muscle Shoals, Alabama
 |
| Frequency | 95.3 MHz |
| Branding | "The Bee" |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Eagle Radio Network, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WOWL WBIP |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 31412 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,600 watts |
| HAAT | 144 meters (472 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°55′47″N 88°24′37″W / 34.92972°N 88.41028°W / 34.92972; -88.41028 |
| Translator(s) | 98.7 MHz W254AA (Colbert Heights, AL) |
| Repeater(s) | WBIP (1400 kHz, Booneville) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.953thebee.com |