title: Henry Copeland (furniture designer)

abstract: Henry Copeland, aka Henry Copland, was an 18th-century English cabinetmaker and furniture designer. In partnership with Mathias Locke during the mid-18th century in London, they produced many furniture designs in the Rococo Furniture Style. However both men worked for Thomas Chippendale the elder and many of their designs appear, without acknowledgement, in his book of designs, The Gentleman and Cabinet Makers Director, published two years later. However a study of the original drawings suggests that they may have actively collaborated with Chippendale on his book. Copeland appears to have been the first manufacturing cabinetmaker who published designs for furniture. A New Book of Ornaments appeared in 1746, but it is not clear whether the engravings with this title formed part of a book, or were issued only in separate plates; a few of the latter are all that are known to exist. Between 1752 and 1769 several collections of designs were produced by Copeland in conjunction with Matthias Lock; in one of them Copeland is described as of Cheapside. Some of the original drawings are in the National Art Library at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Copeland was probably the originator of a peculiar type of chair back, popular for a few years in the middle of the 18th century, consisting of a series of interlaced circles. Much of his work has been attributed to Thomas Chippendale, and it is certain that one derived many ideas from the other, but which was the originator and which the copyist is by no means clear. He died in 1754, and on 8 October his apprentice was handed over to his widow Elizabeth, who continued his business in his name.

text:
# Henry Copeland (furniture designer)

**Henry Copeland**, aka **Henry Copland**, (c. 1710 – 1754) was an 18th-century English cabinetmaker and furniture designer. In partnership with Mathias Locke during the mid-18th century in London, they produced many furniture designs in the Rococo Furniture Style. However both men worked for Thomas Chippendale the elder and many of their designs appear, without acknowledgement, in his book of designs, *The Gentleman and Cabinet Makers Director*, published two years later. However a study of the original drawings suggests that they may have actively collaborated with Chippendale on his book.

Copeland appears to have been the first manufacturing cabinetmaker who published designs for furniture. *A New Book of Ornaments* appeared in 1746, but it is not clear whether the engravings with this title formed part of a book, or were issued only in separate plates; a few of the latter are all that are known to exist. Between 1752 and 1769 several collections of designs were produced by Copeland in conjunction with Matthias Lock; in one of them Copeland is described as of Cheapside. Some of the original drawings are in the National Art Library at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Copeland was probably the originator of a peculiar type of chair back, popular for a few years in the middle of the 18th century, consisting of a series of interlaced circles. Much of his work has been attributed to Thomas Chippendale, and it is certain that one derived many ideas from the other, but which was the originator and which the copyist is by no means clear. He died in 1754, and on 8 October his apprentice was handed over to his widow Elizabeth, who continued his business in his name.


title: Unionist Social Reform Committee

abstract: The Unionist Social Reform Committee was a group within the British Conservative Party dedicated to help formulating a Conservative policy of social reform between 1911 and 1914. According to E. H. H. Green, the Committee "saw the earliest, detailed discussion of Conservative principles concerning the role of the State in the provision of social welfare".

text:
# Unionist Social Reform Committee

The **Unionist Social Reform Committee** was a group within the British Conservative Party dedicated to help formulating a Conservative policy of social reform between 1911 and 1914. According to E. H. H. Green, the Committee "saw the earliest, detailed discussion of Conservative principles concerning the role of the State in the provision of social welfare".

## History

Arthur Steel-Maitland was elected to parliament as a Conservative in January 1910 and in October he sought to bring together Conservative social reformers into a committee. However, this was postponed by the general election of December. The Committee held its first meeting in February 1911. Green stated that Steel-Maitland was "very much the driving force behind the USRC, which under his aegis had become an official party think-tank of Conservative politicians and intellectuals dedicated to formulating Conservative social policy".

In September 1913 the Committee called for rural wage boards, appointed by County Councils and would, if necessary, enforce a minimum wage. This divided the party and party leader Bonar Law attempted to postpone a decision by telling the party conference in November that an inquiry would be set up looking at the proposals. Infighting continued, however, with Lord Salisbury emerging as one of the foremost opponents of regulating rural wages. He wrote to Steel-Maitland, claiming that a minimum wage should be enforced locally not nationally and should be voluntary, claiming that it would cause unemployment. Steel-Maitland in reply argued that as demand for rural labour exceeded supply, there was no danger of unemployment and that a voluntary minimum wage would not bring underpaying farmers into line.

In the Committee's 1914 book, *Industrial Unrest*, they argued:

> We have in this country now outlived that curious philosophic conception of the relations between the State and the individual which finds its origins in Rousseau and its most powerful exponents on this side of the channel in Bentham, the two Mills, Herbert Spencer and Cobden...\[and that\] the old Cobdenite and laissez faire view that the conditions of wages, health, housing and labour among the vast majority of the population of this country was the concern of private individuals and private contract has long since been abandoned.

At the outbreak of war in 1914, the Committee was in the middle of an in-depth study on the provision of health care. In an undated paper titled ‘The Theory of Public Health’, the Committee noted that "The boundary between private and the official sphere is constantly changing and sometimes eludes precise definition...\[it is\] true that the voluntary association of individuals here and there intercepts the necessity for public action...that does not affect the general proposition that the care and improvement of its subjects' health must occupy a large place in the outlook of every modern and civilised government".

## Publications

* *Poor Law Reform. A Practical Programme* (1913)
* *Industrial Unrest* (1914)

* E. H. H. Green, *Ideologies of Conservatism. Conservative Political Ideas in the Twentieth Century* (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).

## Further reading

* Jane Ridley, ‘The Unionist Social Reform Committee, 1911-1914: Wets before the Deluge’, *The Historical Journal* Vol. 30, No. 2 (Jun., 1987), pp. 391–413.


title: VBI-2902

abstract: N VBI-2902 is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Variation Biotechnologies from the United States.

text:
# VBI-2902

**N VBI-2902** is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Variation Biotechnologies from the United States.

## History

In early 2020, in collaboration with NRC the VBI's vaccine—VBI-2900—was developed. According to the company, they have two vaccine candidates—"enveloped virus-like particle (eVLP)". VBI-2901 is a "trivalent pan-coronavirus vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV spike proteins". VBI-2902 is a "monovalent COVID-19-specific vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein". By March 9, the initial Phase 1/2 study of VBI-2902 was underway. VBI received CA$56 million from the federal government towards the COVID-19 vaccine development.

## InfoBox

VBI-2902
| Vaccine description | |
| --- | --- |
| Target | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Vaccine type | Virus-like particles |
| Clinical data | |
| Other names | VBI-2902a |
| Routes of<br>administration | Intramuscular |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |


title: Garadice Lough

abstract: Garadice Lough (Irish: Loch Guth Ard Deas, also known as Garadice Lake or Lough Garadice, is a freshwater lake in County Leitrim, Ireland. It is located in the south of the county and now forms part of the Shannon–Erne Waterway.

text:
# Garadice Lough

**Garadice Lough** (Irish: *Loch Guth Ard Deas (meaning The South Lake of the High Voice*), also known as **Garadice Lake** or **Lough Garadice**, is a freshwater lake in County Leitrim, Ireland. It is located in the south of the county and now forms part of the Shannon–Erne Waterway.

## Geography

Garadice Lough is located 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Ballinamore in south County Leitrim. It is about 3 km (2 mi) wide from west to east and covers an area of 3.89 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). The lake has three islands, two of which are named: Church Island and Cherry Island (Irish: *Cloch-inse-na-dtorc*).

## Hydrology

Garadice Lough now forms part of the Shannon–Erne Waterway. Its inflow was formerly named the Yellow River and the outflow was the Woodford River (Irish: *Sruth Gráinne*, meaning 'the Gravelly Stream' or 'the Gravelly River'; also anglicised as the River Gráinne or the Graine River). The Woodford River flows out of Little Garadice Lake, which is on the eastern edge of Garadice Lough, with the river flowing north-eastwards via Ballyconnell, eventually emptying into Upper Lough Erne near Teemore in the south of County Fermanagh.

## Natural history

Fish present in Garadice Lough include tench, roach, bream and pike. Large pike have been caught here weighing 10 kg (22 lb) or more.

## Ecology

The water quality was reported to be satisfactory c.2001 – c.2003 with a mesotrophic rating, improving to oligotrophic status c.2004 – c.2006, before dropping back to mesotrophic rating c.2007 – c.2009. Zebra mussel infestation is present. The ecology of Garadice Lough, and other Irish waterways, remains threatened by curly waterweed, and freshwater clam invasive species.

## History

The earliest surviving mention of the lake is in the 9th century *Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii*, in connection with the crossing of the lake by Saint Patrick on his way to destroy the idol Crom Cruach. In medieval times Garadice Lough was known as Lough Finvoy (Irish: *Loch Finn Mhagh*, meaning 'The Lake of the White Plain'). The lake is mentioned several times in the Irish Annals- *Annals of the Four Masters* 1386 and *Annals of Connacht* 1257 & 1418. In about 1257 the fortress "*Cloch-inse-na-dtorc*, in Lough Finvoy, was burned by O'Rourke" (a King of West Breifne).

## References and notes

### Notes

### Primary sources

1. Free, Gary; Little, Ruth; Tierney, Deirdre; Donnelly, Karol & Caroni, Rossana (2006). A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes (PDF) (Report). Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland). p. 11. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
2. "Garadice Lake". Inland Fisheries Ireland. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
3. "OSI Mapviewer". Ordnance Survey Ireland. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
4. White, Kevin (January 2013). *The Plain of Blood, A Study of the Ritual Landscape of Magh Slecht, Co. Cavan* (Bachelor's). Atlantic Technological University.
5. Dalton, John P.: *Cromm Cruaich of Magh Sleacht*, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. XXXVI (1921-1924), Section C, pp.23-67.
6. "Garadice Lough" (Map). *Google Maps*. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
7. Earley, Joseph E.; Ó Seaneachain, Diarmuid (2015). "The medieval island church in Lough Garadice". *Breifne, Journal of Cumman Seanchais Breifne (Breifne Historical Society)*. **13** (50). Cavan, Ireland: 439–469. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
8. Joyce, Patrick Weston (2007) \[1883\]. *The Geography of the Counties of Ireland*. pp. 66, 127.
9. "Lough Garadice" (PDF). Waterways Ireland. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
10. Clenaghan, Clinton & Crowe 2005, pp. 97.
11. Clenaghan, Clinton & Crowe 2005, pp. 8.
12. EPA 2010, pp. 80.
13. Pedreschi et al. 2014.
14. Clenaghan, Clinton & Crowe 2005, pp. 16.
15. O'Donovan, John, ed. (1856). *Annála Rioghachta Éireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters ... with a Translation and Copious Notes*. 7 vols. Translated by O'Donovan (2nd ed.). Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. 1257.9 CELT editions. Full scans at Internet Archive: Vol. 1; Vol. 2; Vol. 3; Vol. 4; Vol. 5; Vol. 6; Indices.

### Secondary sources

## InfoBox

| Garadice Lough | |
| --- | --- |
| *Loch Fionnmhaí* (Irish) | |
|  | |
| Location in Ireland | |
| Location | County Leitrim |
| Coordinates | 54°2′52″N 7°43′5″W / 54.04778°N 7.71806°W / 54.04778; -7.71806 |
| Primary inflows | Shannon–Erne Waterway |
| Primary outflows | Shannon–Erne Waterway |
| Catchment area | 183.91 km2 (71.0 sq mi) |
| Basin countries | Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland |
|  | |
| Max. width | 3 km (2 mi) |
| Surface area | 3.89 km2 (1.50 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Max. depth | 20 m (66 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 49 m (161 ft) |
|  | |
| Islands | 3 |
| References |  |


title: Estádio Conde Dias Garcia

abstract: Estádio Conde Dias Garcia is a multi-use stadium in São João da Madeira, Portugal. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.D. Sanjoanense. The stadium holds a seating capacity of 15,000.

text:
# Estádio Conde Dias Garcia

40°53′53.66″N 8°29′56.66″W / 40.8982389°N 8.4990722°W / 40.8982389; -8.4990722

**Estádio Conde Dias Garcia** is a multi-use stadium in São João da Madeira, Portugal. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.D. Sanjoanense. The stadium holds a seating capacity of 15,000.

## InfoBox

Estádio Conde Dias Garcia
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Estádio Conde Dias Garcia |
| Location | São João da Madeira, Portugal |
| Owner | Sanjoanense |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| Field size | 103 x 76 metres |
| Surface | Grass |
| Tenants | |
| Sanjoanense | |


title: USSR National Badminton Championships

abstract: USSR National Badminton Championships was a tournament conducted between 1963 and 1991. After the end of the Soviet Union, the majority of the former Soviet Republics started own championships like the Azerbaijani National Badminton Championships, Armenian National Badminton Championships, Georgian National Badminton Championships, Moldovan National Badminton Championships and Latvian National Badminton Championships.

text:
# USSR National Badminton Championships

**USSR National Badminton Championships** was a tournament conducted between 1963 and 1991. After the end of the Soviet Union, the majority of the former Soviet Republics started own championships like the Azerbaijani National Badminton Championships, Armenian National Badminton Championships, Georgian National Badminton Championships, Moldovan National Badminton Championships and Latvian National Badminton Championships.

## Past winners

| Year | Men's singles | Women's singles | Men's doubles | Women's doubles | Mixed doubles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1963 | Nikolaj Sokolov | Margarita Zarubo | Nikolay Peshekhonov
Anatoli Yershov | Margarita Zarubo
Tatjana Smyshlayeva | Vladimir Demin
Marina Demina |
| 1964 | Nikolaj Nikitin | Margarita Zarubo | Nikolay Peshekhonov
Anatoli Yershov | Valentina Korovkina
T. Avdyunina | Vladimir Demin
Marina Demina |
| 1965 | Konstantin Vavilov | Tatyana Novikova | Vladimir Livshitz
Juri Yermolayev | Agnija Kartzub
O. Marcheva | Nikolay Nikitin
Tatjana Smyshlayeva |
| 1966 | Konstantin Vavilov | Irina Natarova | Konstantin Vavilov
Evgenij Blitshteyn | Nina Kosyak
Tatyana Novikova | Konstantin Vavilov
Tatyana Kochetkova |
| 1967 | Konstantin Vavilov | Irina Natarova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Nikitin | Nina Kosyak
Tatyana Novikova | Konstantin Vavilov
Tatyana Kochetkova |
| 1968 | Konstantin Vavilov | Tatyana Novikova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Nikitin | Nina Kosyak
Ljudmila Markova | Viktor Shvachko
Irina Natarova |
| 1969 | Viktor Shvachko | Irina Natarova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Nikitin | Tatyana Kochetkova
T. Shmakova | Viktor Shvachko
Irina Natarova |
| 1970 | Viktor Shvachko | Irina Natarova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Irina Natarova
Gundega Grīnuma | Viktor Shvachko
Irina Natarova |
| 1971 | Viktor Shvachko | Irina Shevchenko | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Irina Shevchenko
Nina Kosyak | Viktor Shvachko
Irina Shevchenko |
| 1972 | Semyon Rozin | Tatyana Kochetkova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Tatyana Kochetkova
T. Andropova | Nikolay Peshekhonov
T. Andropova |
| 1973 | Semyon Rozin | Irina Shevchenko | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Ljudmila Markova
Reet Valgmaa | Konstantin Vavilov
Nataliya Damaskina |
| 1974 | Konstantin Vavilov | Ljudmila Markova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Ljudmila Markova
Reet Valgmaa | Konstantin Vavilov
Nataliya Damaskina |
| 1975 | Anatoliy Skripko | Nataliya Damaskina | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Irina Shevchenko
Nadezhda Litvincheva | Nikolay Peshekhonov
Irina Shevchenko |
| 1976 | Konstantin Vavilov | Nadezhda Litvincheva | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Irina Shevchenko
Nadezhda Litvincheva | Nikolay Peshekhonov
Irina Shevchenkoo |
| 1977 | Anatoliy Skripko | Alla Zvonareva | Viktor Shvachko
V. Nikiforov | Alla Prodan
Nadezhda Litvincheva | Viktor Shvachko
Nadezhda Litvincheva |
| 1978 | Anatoliy Skripko | Alla Prodan | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Alla Prodan
Nadezhda Litvincheva | Viktor Shvachko
Nadezhda Litvincheva |
| 1979 | Vyacheslav Shukin | Alla Prodan | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Alla Prodan
Nadezhda Litvincheva | Anatoliy Skripko
Svetlana Belyasova |
| 1980 | Anatoliy Skripko | Svetlana Belyasova | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Svetlana Belyasova
N. Maksarova | Viktor Shvachko
Nadezhda Litvincheva |
| 1981 | Anatoliy Skripko | Svetlana Belyasova | Leonid Pajkin
Viktor Samarin | Svetlana Belyasova
Vard Potosyan | Viktor Shvachko
Nadezhda Litvincheva |
| 1982 | Anatoliy Skripko | Tatyana Litvinenko | Konstantin Vavilov
Nikolay Peshekhonov | Alla Prodan
Nadezhda Litvincheva | Viktor Shvachko
Nadezhda Litvincheva |
| 1983 | Vitaliy Shmakov | Tatyana Litvinenko | Radiy Bilalov
Viktor Samarin | Svetlana Belyasova
Ljudmila Suslo | Vitaliy Shmakov
Svetlana Belyasova |
| 1984 | Vitaliy Shmakov | Svetlana Belyasova | Vitaliy Shmakov
Anatoliy Skripko | Svetlana Belyasova
Vlada Beljutina | Vitaliy Shmakov
Svetlana Belyasova |
| 1985 | Vitaliy Shmakov | Tatyana Litvinenko | Andrey Antropov
Sergey Sevryukov | Tatyana Litvinenko
Viktoria Pron | Andrey Antropov
Viktoria Pron |
| 1986 | Andrey Antropov | Irina Rozhkova | Andrey Antropov
Sergey Sevryukov | Tatyana Litvinenko
Elena Rybkina | Andrey Antropov
Svetlana Belyasova |
| 1987 | Andrey Antropov | Vlada Beljutina | Andrey Antropov
Sergey Sevryukov | Svetlana Belyasova
Elena Rybkina | Andrey Antropov
Viktoria Pron |
| 1988 | Andrey Antropov | Elena Rybkina | Andrey Antropov
Sergey Sevryukov | Viktoria Pron
Tatyana Litvinenko | Vitaly Shmakov
Viktoria Pron |
| 1989 | Andrey Antropov | Elena Rybkina | Andrey Antropov
Nikolay Zuev | Elena Rybkina
Vlada Chernyavskaya | Andrey Antropov
Elena Rybkina |
| 1990 | Nikolay Zuev | Elena Rybkina | Andrey Antropov
Nikolay Zuev | Elena Rybkina
Vlada Chernyavskaya | Vitaly Shmakov
Vlada Chernyavskaya |
| 1991 | Andrey Antropov | Elena Rybkina | Andrey Antropov
Pavel Uvarov | Elena Rybkina
Tatyana Khokhlova | Vladimir Smolin
Tatyana Arefyeva |


title: Neil McGee

abstract: Neil McGee is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Gaoth Dobhair and, formerly, both the Donegal county team and the Ireland international rules football team. From Gweedore in County Donegal, he won three All Stars, one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship title, five Ulster Senior Football Championship titles and one National Football League title with his county, an Ulster Senior Club Football Championship title with his club and two International Rules Series with his country.

text:
# Neil McGee

**Neil McGee** (born 13 November 1985) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Gaoth Dobhair and, formerly, both the Donegal county team and the Ireland international rules football team.

From Gweedore in County Donegal, he won three All Stars, one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship title, five Ulster Senior Football Championship titles and one National Football League title with his county, an Ulster Senior Club Football Championship title with his club and two International Rules Series with his country.

## Playing career

### Club

He made his championship debut for his club against Na Piarsaigh on 23 June 2002. By 2023 he had won three Donegal Senior Football Championship (SFC) titles with his club: in 2002, 2006 and 2018; and he had played for his club in 22 consecutive championship campaigns, including in 32 consecutive championship games between 2002 and 2009. Ahead of the 2023 Donegal Senior Football Championship final, he had made 98 appearances in the club championship (93 in the Donegal SFC and 5 in the Ulster and All-Ireland Club SFC).

McGee, as noted above, won his first Donegal SFC title in 2002.

In 2006, his club returned to the Donegal SFC final. McGee played as his team won a 14th title, in one of the worst Donegal county finals ever.

McGee won the 2018 Donegal Senior Football Championship, a first for the club since 2006. He then played during Gaoth Dobhair's first ever Ulster Senior Club Football Championship-winning campaign later in 2018, defeating Crossmaglen Rangers in the Ulster semi-final at Healy Park in Omagh to qualify for the final. In the final against Scotstown, Gaoth Dobhair won.

He has often played with his brother Peter.

### Inter-county

Brian McEniff gave McGee his Donegal senior debut against Fermanagh in the 2005 Dr McKenna Cup on 2 January 2005. He played in the 2006 Ulster Senior Football Championship final at Croke Park.

McGee was part of the Donegal senior team that won the county's first National Football League against Mayo in 2007. It was the first piece of silverware the county senior team had lifted since 1992.

In Jim McGuinness's first game in charge of Donegal, a drab 2011 National Football League draw with the perennially underachieving Sligo, McGee pulled a hamstring, was moved to the full-forward line and scored a goal in the latest manifestation of Sligo's notorious inability to succeed. McGee was out injured for four weeks after that game but when he returned he established himself as Donegal's first-choice full-back in the team's march towards the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final. Donegal won.

He scored a goal against Sligo in the 2011 National League.

In 2011, McGee won his first All Star award. He added another in 2012.

He also won his first Ulster SFC in 2011. This was followed by his second in 2012. He attended the Football Tour of New York.

In 2013, McGee made his 100th appearance for Donegal in the county's opening National Football League against Kildare at Croke Park, becoming the sixth footballer then playing for the team to reach that mark following Christy Toye, Colm McFadden, Rory Kavanagh, Karl Lacey and McGee's own brother Eamon (they were also the first set of brothers to ever reach 100 Donegal appearances).

He won his third Ulster SFC in 2014.

In 2016, he lost his appeal against the red card and a subsequent two-match ban picked up in the Ulster Championship quarter-final win over Fermanagh.

Two years later, he lost his appeal against the red card he picked up for an alleged knee up the back of an opponent in the Ulster SFC semi-final win over Down. Thus he missed Donegal's 2018 Ulster Senior Football Championship final victory over Fermanagh.

He equalled Colm McFadden's record of 173 appearances for Donegal when he came on as a second half substitute in the final round of the 2019 National Football League, a victory over Kildare. He then broke McFadden's record with his 174th appearance for his county against Meath as a substitute in the final at Croke Park, also won by Donegal.

He won his fifth Ulster SFC in 2019.

Shortly before his 37th birthday, and with a record 195 appearances for the team, McGee announced his retirement from inter-county football in an exclusive interview given to Frank Craig and published in the *Donegal News* on 29 September 2022.

### Inter-provincial

McGee played for Ulster in the Inter-Provincial Series.

### International rules

McGee thrice represented Ireland against Australia in the International Rules Series: in 2011, 2013 and 2014. Ireland won the first two and lost the third. According to Eoin Liston, who has worked with any of the Irish teams, McGee was "tailor-made" for international rules football.

## Coaching career

In August 2023, McGee was confirmed as being on the backroom team of Jim McGuinness, as McGuinness began his second spell as manager of the Donegal senior team.

## Honours

Donegal Gaoth Dobhair Ulster Colleges Ireland Individual

## InfoBox

Neil McGee
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Irish name | *Niall Mac Aoidh* | | |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Position | Full Back | | |
| Born | (1985-11-13) 13 November 1985<br>Letterkenny, Ireland | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Occupation | Roofer | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
| 2002– | Gaoth Dobhair | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Donegal titles | 3 | | |
| Ulster titles | 1 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 2005–2022 | Donegal | 195 (0–0) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Ulster titles | 5 | | |
| All-Irelands | 1 | | |
| NFL | 1 | | |
| All Stars | 3 | | |


title: Under Fire (Blackwood novel)

abstract: Under Fire is a political thriller novel, written by Grant Blackwood and released on June 16, 2015. It is the seventh book in the Jack Ryan Jr. series, which is part of the overall Tom Clancy universe, as well as Blackwood's first solo contribution to the franchise. In the novel, Ryan must choose between his country and his mysterious friend Seth Gregory, who is involved in Dagestan's struggle for independence from the Russian Federation. The book debuted at number four on the New York Times bestseller list.

text:
# Under Fire (Blackwood novel)

***Under Fire*** (stylized as ***Tom Clancy Under Fire***, ***Tom Clancy: Under Fire***, or ***Tom Clancy's Under Fire*** in the United Kingdom) is a political thriller novel, written by Grant Blackwood and released on June 16, 2015. It is the seventh book in the Jack Ryan Jr. series, which is part of the overall Tom Clancy universe, as well as Blackwood's first solo contribution to the franchise. In the novel, Ryan must choose between his country and his mysterious friend Seth Gregory, who is involved in Dagestan's struggle for independence from the Russian Federation. The book debuted at number four on the New York Times bestseller list.

## Plot summary

While on a routine intelligence gathering trip for The Campus in Tehran, Iran, Jack Ryan, Jr. visits his old college friend Seth Gregory for lunch. After their conversation, Gregory leaves with a cryptic comment that “there are steaks in the freezer.” The next day, Ryan is met by Raymond Wellesley of British intelligence and Matthew Spellman, his American counterpart, who tell him that Gregory, who works with them on an intelligence operation, had gone rogue; they warn him to stay away from his old friend. This piques Ryan's interest.

Ryan later goes to Gregory's apartment, but is later abducted by an unknown group of men. He manages to escape just as a mysterious woman pulls up in a car to fetch him away from his abductors. The woman introduces herself as Ysabel Kashani, an Iranian national who is also Gregory's college friend. They return to his apartment and retrieve an old document from a safe, which combination was found with “steaks in the freezer”.

Ryan and Kashani later go to Azerbaijan, where they are met by Gregory and Spellman. Ryan discovers that his old friend is an agent for the Central Intelligence Agency, and that his father, Paul, was a legend in the CIA until he was branded as a traitor and committed suicide. He further finds out that Gregory is taking part in an intelligence operation with Wellesley and Spellman, which is to facilitate a coup in Dagestan, and that the document he and Kashani retrieved has coordinates for internet hubs to be used during the coup (Gregory's father had originally written the document).

However, Dagestani interior minister Rebaz Medzhid, who is being lined up to be Dagestan's president, refuses to participate unless his daughter Aminat, who has been kidnapped, is rescued. Ryan agrees to extract her from her captors in Scotland, and later helps discredit a smear story planted by the Russians against Medzhid about his involvement in atrocities against Dagestanis years ago by rescuing the “witness”, who is being coerced by the Russians.

Ryan's boss, Gerry Hendley, sends his cousin Dominic “Dom” Caruso to help him. They later discover that Wellesley plans to sabotage the coup by using armored trucks equipped with Krasukhas that have the ability to jam electronic signals coming from the internet hubs that are to be used in the coup. In addition, he had also arranged for the kidnappings of Aminat and the “witness” to the Russian smear story. He and Caruso later destroy the Krasukhas.

Later, Russian President Valeri Volodin deploys border troops to Makhachkala in an effort to stop the coup. Ryan sniffs out a mole in Medzhid's security detail; Gregory is killed in the resulting altercation with the mole, who is one of Medzhid's bodyguards. Meanwhile, Medzhid makes a last-ditch effort to stop the Russian troops by appealing to their leader, suggesting that he is being manipulated by Volodin and telling him to go back and report no disturbance in Makhachkala. The colonel agrees and the standoff is averted.

Ryan, Caruso and Kashani later find out that Wellesley had misused government funds and was acting on behalf of the Russians. After being reported by the trio to the British, Wellesley is arrested by British agents as he tries to escape Azerbaijan.

## Characters

* **Jack Ryan, Jr.**: Operations officer, The Campus
* **Seth Gregory**: Operations officer, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
* **Raymond Wellesley**: Operations officer, Secret Intelligence Service (MI6)
* **Matthew Spellman**: Operations officer, CIA
* **Ysabel Kashani**: Iranian national, later Jack's love interest
* **Rebaz Medzhid**: Dagestan minister of internal affairs
* **Dominic “Dom” Caruso**: Operations officer, The Campus
* **Gavin Biery**: Director of information technology, The Campus
* **Oleg Pechkin**: Operations officer, Foreign Intelligence Service. Killed by Ryan.
* **Pavel Koikov**: Sergeant who served under Medzhid, "witness" to Medzhid's alleged involvement in the 1999 Almak massacre
* **Aminat Medzhid**: Rebaz's daughter. Abducted by Helen, under orders from Wellesley.
* **Helen**: Aminat's kidnapper. Killed by Ryan.
* **Dobromir**: Helen's financier for her "professional" kidnappings
* **Colonel Lobanov**: Leader of the Russian garrison troops in Makhachkala
* **Anton**: Medzhid's bodyguard. Wrongly framed as the mole working for Pechkin, gunned down.
* **Vasim**: Medzhid's bodyguard. Killed Gregory after being exposed as the mole working for Pechkin, killed by Ryan afterwards.

## Reception

### Commercial

*Under Fire* debuted at number four at both the Combined E-Book & Print Fiction and the Hardcover Fiction categories of the New York Times bestseller list for the week of July 5, 2015. In addition, it debuted at number five at the USA Today Best Selling Books list for the week of June 25, 2015.

### Critical

The book received generally positive reviews. Publishers Weekly praised Blackwood, saying that "Clancy fans will be pleased to discover that in Blackwood's more than capable hands, Jack remains the all-American hero they remember." Kirkus Reviews hailed the novel as "A complex international adventure that's less military hardware–centric than Clancy solo, but Blackwood uses 'notional', which fans will know is homage to the maestro."

## InfoBox

Under Fire
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Grant Blackwood |
| Audio read by | Scott Brick |
| Language | English |
| Series | Jack Ryan, Jr. |
| Genre | Political thriller |
| Publisher | G.P. Putnam's Sons |
| Publication date | June 16, 2015 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback), Audio, eBook |
| Pages | 544 |
| ISBN | 9780425283189 |
| Followed by | *Duty and Honor* |


title: Neil McGowan

abstract: Neil William McGowan is a Scottish professional footballer who is currently player/first-team coach in the Scottish Juniors with Troon.

text:
# Neil McGowan

**Neil William McGowan** (born 15 April 1977 in Glasgow) is a Scottish professional footballer who is currently player/first-team coach in the Scottish Juniors with Troon.

## Playing career

McGowan was signed by Queen of the South manager Gordon Chisholm in 2007 and was primarily a centre back, who could also play full back. When signing for the Doonhamers, McGowan had already played for six other clubs that included Stranraer, Albion Rovers, Oxford United, Clydebank, KA Akureyri (Iceland) and Airdrie United.

McGowan then signed for Ayr United on 25 January 2008.

McGowan then signed for Clyde F.C., who his father (also named Neil) had played for in the late Sixties and early Seventies, in the January 2010 transfer window and he stayed at the Bully Wer until May 2011, after making 48 appearances in all competitions.

After his release from the Cumbernauld club, McGowan joined his brother Chris at Irvine Meadow.

McGowan then signed for Troon in the summer of 2013 and was part of the West of Scotland Super League First Division winning team in season 2013–14. McGowan was then appointed player-coach in May 2015.

## Coaching career

McGowan started his coaching career when he joined Ayr United and worked as the club's under 19s coach at Somerset Park and was then appointed player-coach of Troon in May 2015 under Jimmy Kirkwood.

## InfoBox

Neil McGowan
| Neil McGowan, Troon F.C. Coach (October 2015) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Neil William McGowan | | |
| Date of birth | (1977-04-15) 15 April 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Troon | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1995–1996 | Stranraer | 4 | (0) |
| 1996–1999 | Albion Rovers | 64 | (0) |
| 1999–2001 | Oxford United | 31 | (0) |
| 2001 | Stranraer | 7 | (0) |
| 2001–2002 | Clydebank | 32 | (3) |
| 2002 | KA Akureyri | 11 | (2) |
| 2002–2007 | Airdrie United | 151 | (1) |
| 2007–2008 | Queen of the South | 3 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | Stranraer (loan) | 8 | (0) |
| 2008–2010 | Ayr United | 55 | (1) |
| 2010–2011 | Clyde | 45 | (1) |
| 2011–2013 | Irvine Meadow | 0 | (0) |
| 2013–2016 | Troon | 0 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Irvine Meadow | 0 | (8) |
| 2017– | Troon | - | (-) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 19:11, 7 May 2011 (UTC) | | | |


title: VBF

abstract: VBF is a United States Navy acronym for Bombing Fighter Squadron. A squadron military unit that used aircraft that could be used both as a fighter aircraft and bomber. During World War II the Vought F4U Corsair was one of the main aircraft used in this role as the Corsair was an excellent fighter aircraft that could carry up to 4,000 pounds of bombs. VBF also is sometimes called an Attack Bombing Squadron. Grumman F6F Hellcat could also carry up to 4,000 lb of bombs. The Grumman F8F Bearcat carry up to 1,000 lb of bombs.

text:
# VBF

**VBF** is a United States Navy acronym for **Bombing Fighter Squadron**. A squadron military unit that used aircraft that could be used both as a fighter aircraft and bomber. During World War II the Vought F4U Corsair was one of the main aircraft used in this role as the Corsair was an excellent fighter aircraft that could carry up to 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of bombs. VBF also is sometimes called an *Attack Bombing Squadron*. Grumman F6F Hellcat could also carry up to 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) of bombs. The Grumman F8F Bearcat carry up to 1,000 lb (454 kg) of bombs.

## VBF units

Some US Navy VBF units:


title: Zovik, Bosnia and Herzegovina

abstract: Zovik is a village in the municipality of Kostajnica, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Zovik, Bosnia and Herzegovina

**Zovik** (Cyrillic: Зовик) is a village in the municipality of Kostajnica, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## InfoBox

| Zovik Зовик | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zovik | |
| Coordinates: 45°09′58″N 16°35′36″E / 45.16611°N 16.59333°E / 45.16611; 16.59333 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Kostajnica |
| Area | |
| Total | 485 km2 (187 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 74 |
| Density | 15/km2 (40/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Plain Blue Banner

abstract: The Plain Blue Banner was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China.

text:
# Plain Blue Banner

| Plain Blue Banner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 正藍旗 |
| Simplified Chinese | 正蓝旗 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin zhènglánqí | |
| Mongolian name | |
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Шулуун хөх хошуу |
| Manchu name | |
| Manchu script | ᡤᡠᠯᡠ ᠯᠠᠮᡠᠨ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ |
| Romanization | gulu lamun gūsa |
|  | |

The **Plain Blue Banner** (Chinese: 正藍旗) was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China.

## Members

## Notable Clans

## InfoBox

| Plain Blue Banner | |
| --- | --- |
| Plain Blue Banner | |
| Active | 1601–1912 |
| Country | Later Jin<br>Qing dynasty |
| Part of | Eight Banners |
| Commander | Prince Yu |


title: Fracastorius (crater)

abstract: Fracastorius is the lava-flooded remnant of an ancient lunar impact crater located at the southern edge of Mare Nectaris. To the northwest of this formation lies the crater Beaumont, while to the northeast is Rosse. The northern wall of this crater is missing, with only mounds appearing in the lunar mare to mark the outline. The lava that formed Mare Nectaris also invaded this crater, so the structure now forms a bay-like extension. The remainder of the rim is heavily worn and covered in lesser impact craters, leaving little of the original rim intact. The maximum elevation of the rim is 2.4 km. The most prominent of these craters is Fractastorius D, which overlies a portion of the western rim. Fracastorius has no central peak, but a long, slender rille runs across the middle of the floor in a generally east–west direction. The crater commemorates the Italian scholar, astronomer and poet Girolamo Fracastoro, "Fracastorius" (1478‑1553).

text:
# Fracastorius (crater)

**Fracastorius** is the lava-flooded remnant of an ancient lunar impact crater located at the southern edge of Mare Nectaris. To the northwest of this formation lies the crater Beaumont, while to the northeast is Rosse.

The northern wall of this crater is missing, with only mounds appearing in the lunar mare to mark the outline. The lava that formed Mare Nectaris also invaded this crater, so the structure now forms a bay-like extension. The remainder of the rim is heavily worn and covered in lesser impact craters, leaving little of the original rim intact. The maximum elevation of the rim is 2.4 km. The most prominent of these craters is Fractastorius D, which overlies a portion of the western rim.

Fracastorius has no central peak, but a long, slender rille runs across the middle of the floor in a generally east–west direction.

The crater commemorates the Italian scholar, astronomer and poet Girolamo Fracastoro, "Fracastorius" (1478‑1553).

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Fracastorius.

| Fracastorius | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A | 24.4° S | 36.5° E | 18 km |
| B | 22.5° S | 37.2° E | 27 km |
| C | 24.6° S | 34.6° E | 16 km |
| D | 21.8° S | 30.9° E | 28 km |
| E | 20.2° S | 31.0° E | 13 km |
| G | 21.2° S | 38.3° E | 16 km |
| H | 20.7° S | 30.6° E | 21 km |
| J | 20.8° S | 37.4° E | 12 km |
| K | 25.4° S | 34.7° E | 17 km |
| L | 20.6° S | 33.2° E | 5 km |
| M | 21.7° S | 32.9° E | 4 km |
| N | 23.2° S | 34.0° E | 10 km |
| P | 25.5° S | 33.3° E | 8 km |
| Q | 25.1° S | 33.2° E | 8 km |
| R | 23.8° S | 33.7° E | 5 km |
| S | 19.0° S | 31.9° E | 5 km |
| T | 19.8° S | 37.4° E | 14 km |
| W | 22.6° S | 35.7° E | 7 km |
| X | 23.0° S | 31.1° E | 7 km |
| Y | 23.0° S | 32.0° E | 12 km |
| Z | 24.8° S | 33.6° E | 9 km |

## InfoBox

Fracastorius
| Mosaic of Lunar Orbiter 4 images | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 21°12′S 33°00′E / 21.2°S 33.0°E / -21.2; 33.0 |
| Diameter | 124 km |
| Depth | *None* |
| Colongitude | 327° at sunrise |
| Eponym | Girolamo Fracastoro |


title: Themira leachi

abstract: Themira leachi is a European species of fly and member of the family Sepsidae.

text:
# Themira leachi

***Themira leachi*** is a European species of fly and member of the family Sepsidae.

## InfoBox

| *Themira leachi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Sepsidae |
| Subfamily: | Sepsinae |
| Genus: | *Themira* |
| Species: | ***T. leachi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Themira leachi***<br>(Meigen, 1826) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nemopoda fumipennis* Walker, 1833 * *Nemopoda tarsalis* Walker, 1833 * *Sepsis leachi* Meigen, 1826 * *Themira fumipennis* (Walker, 1833) * *Themira tarsalis* (Walker, 1833) | |


title: Francesco Barzaghi

abstract:
Francesco Barzaghi (1839–1892) was an Italian sculptor. Born in Milan, Austrian Empire, he had his initial training in the studios of Antonio Tantardini and a sculptor called Puttinati. He enrolled in the Accademia di Brera. Among his colleagues was Vincenzo Vela. The sculptor Enrico Cassi was one of his pupils. Barzaghi completed a number of monuments, including the bronze equestrian statued dedicated to Napoleon III, first unveiled in 1881 at the Exposition of Milan. He also made monuments to Luciano Manara and Garibaldi (1888). He made many marble female figures, including:
  - La Frine denudata
  - La Mosca cieca
  - Silvia che si specchia
  - Moses saved from the Nile
  - L' innocenza
  - Psiche
  - La Vanerella

text:
# Francesco Barzaghi

**Francesco Barzaghi** (18391892) was an Italian sculptor.

Born in Milan, Austrian Empire, he had his initial training in the studios of Antonio Tantardini and a sculptor called Puttinati. He enrolled in the Accademia di Brera. Among his colleagues was Vincenzo Vela. The sculptor Enrico Cassi was one of his pupils.

Barzaghi completed a number of monuments, including the bronze equestrian statued dedicated to Napoleon III, first unveiled in 1881 at the Exposition of Milan. He also made monuments to Luciano Manara and Garibaldi (1888). He made many marble female figures, including:

* *La Frine denudata*
* *La Mosca cieca*
* *Silvia che si specchia* (Paris Exposition 1878)
* *Moses saved from the Nile* (Paris Exposition 1878)
* *L' innocenza* (won a prize in Turin 1881)
* *Psiche*
* *La Vanerella*

* Obtained some dates from Italian Wikipedia entry.


title: Francesco Bassano the Younger

abstract: Francesco Bassano the Younger, also called Francesco Giambattista da Ponte or Francesco da Ponte the Younger, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He was born at Bassano del Grappa near Venice, the eldest son of Jacopo Bassano and grandson of Francesco da Ponte the Elder. He studied with his father and worked in the Bassano family workshop along with his three brothers, including Giambattista, Girolamo, and Leandro Bassano. Francesco moved to Venice, where he ran the branch of the family business. He was also commissioned to paint a series of historical pictures in the Doge's Palace. He was prone to hypochondria, which exacerbated his other ailments, including possible depression. Soon after his father's death in 1592, Francesco committed suicide by throwing himself out of a window. His brother Leandro Bassano continued the family legacy of painting.

text:
# Francesco Bassano the Younger

**Francesco Bassano the Younger** (26 January 1549 – 4 July 1592), also called **Francesco Giambattista da Ponte** or **Francesco da Ponte the Younger**, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period.

He was born at Bassano del Grappa near Venice, the eldest son of Jacopo Bassano and grandson of Francesco da Ponte the Elder. He studied with his father and worked in the Bassano family workshop along with his three brothers, including Giambattista, Girolamo, and Leandro Bassano.

Francesco moved to Venice, where he ran the branch of the family business. He was also commissioned to paint a series of historical pictures in the Doge's Palace. He was prone to hypochondria, which exacerbated his other ailments, including possible depression. Soon after his father's death in 1592, Francesco committed suicide by throwing himself out of a window. His brother Leandro Bassano continued the family legacy of painting.

* Bryan, Michael (1889). Walter Armstrong; Robert Edmund Graves (eds.). *Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, Biographical and Critical*. Vol. II L-Z. London: George Bell and Sons. pp. 307–308.


title: Fort de l'Est

abstract: Fort de l'Est is a military strong point designed to protect Paris. It was built between 1841 and 1843 in Saint-Denis at the direction of French prime minister Adolphe Thiers, and was part of an immense defensive belt comprising 17 detached forts and the Thiers Wall surrounding Paris. The evolution of artillery quickly made these fortifications obsolete. The fort is still used by the French Army. Units associated with the fort include a number of reserve units and the headquarters of the National Association of Reserve Warrant Officers. French Foreign Legion units associated with Operation Vigipirate are also stationed at Fort de l'Est. The northeast bastion of the formerly four-sided fort was removed to make way for the A1 autoroute, from which the fort is visible, and faces the Lycée Suger secondary school, built in 1994. The military files concerning military insubordinations of World War I in the French Army are preserved there, as well as some unclassified files from the library of the former garrison. The glacis of the fort is partly occupied by community gardens.

text:
# Fort de l'Est

48°55′50″N 2°22′20″E / 48.93056°N 2.37222°E / 48.93056; 2.37222

**Fort de l'Est** is a military strong point designed to protect Paris. It was built between 1841 and 1843 in Saint-Denis at the direction of French prime minister Adolphe Thiers, and was part of an immense defensive belt comprising 17 detached forts and the Thiers Wall surrounding Paris. The evolution of artillery quickly made these fortifications obsolete.

The fort is still used by the French Army. Units associated with the fort include a number of reserve units and the headquarters of the National Association of Reserve Warrant Officers. French Foreign Legion units associated with Operation Vigipirate are also stationed at Fort de l'Est. The northeast bastion of the formerly four-sided fort was removed to make way for the A1 autoroute, from which the fort is visible, and faces the Lycée Suger secondary school, built in 1994. The military files concerning military insubordinations of World War I in the French Army are preserved there, as well as some unclassified files from the library of the former garrison. The glacis of the fort is partly occupied by community gardens.

## Significant events

In 1870 the French forces at the Fort de l'Est fired on Stains, which was occupied by the Prussians, damaging a church and demolishing the chateau. Prussians eventually occupied the fort.

In 1872 the fort's chaplain, Jules Bonhomme, published a popular memoir featuring the fort.

On August 25, 1944, German army occupation forces evacuated the fort.

In 1958 the inter-army office for standardization of materials (BICM) was installed at Fort de l'Est after France's ratification in 1956 of NATO standardization policies.

During the Algerian War in 1962, a military tribunal held hearings at the Fort d l'Est in which Jean Bastien-Thiry was judged guilty of attempting to assassinate President Charles de Gaulle and condemned to death. He was executed at the Fort d'Ivry. Almost one hundred officers were held at Fort de l'Est.

Between 2002 and 2004 the Salvation Army operated a 150-bed winter shelter within the fort, assisting 18,000 persons in 2002.

In 2009 a village of temporary houses was placed on the site to accommodate about twenty Romani families moved from the "André-Campra" shantytown in La Plaine.

## Sources

* *This page is a translation of its French equivalent.*

## InfoBox

| Fort de l'Est | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Thiers fortifications of Paris | |
| Saint-Denis, France | |
| Fort de l'Est in Saint-Denis and in the distance, Lycée Suger and the Stade de France | |
| Fort de l'Est | |
| Coordinates | 48°55′50″N 2°22′20″E / 48.930556°N 2.372222°E / 48.930556; 2.372222 |
| Type | Fort |
| Site information | |
| Owner | French Army |
| Controlled by | France |
| Open to<br>the public | no |
| Condition | Occupied by French Army |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1841 (1841) |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Paris (1870–1871) |


title: The Vandergilt Diamond Mystery

abstract: The Vandergilt Diamond Mystery is a 1936 British comedy crime film directed by Randall Faye and starring Betty Astell, Bruce Seton and Hilary Pritchard. It was made at Shepperton Studios as a quota quickie.

text:
# The Vandergilt Diamond Mystery

***The Vandergilt Diamond Mystery*** is a 1936 British comedy crime film directed by Randall Faye and starring Betty Astell, Bruce Seton and Hilary Pritchard. It was made at Shepperton Studios as a quota quickie.

## Cast

1. Wood p.93

## Bibliography

* Low, Rachael. *Filmmaking in 1930s Britain*. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
* Wood, Linda. *British Films, 1927-1939*. British Film Institute, 1986.

## InfoBox

| The Vandergilt Diamond Mystery | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Randall Faye |
| Written by | * Michael Crombie * Margaret Houghton |
| Produced by | Randall Faye |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Geoffrey Faithfull |
| Production<br>company | Randall Faye Productions |
| Distributed by | RKO |
| Release date | * 8 January 1936 (1936-01-08) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Mary Howard, Countess of Stafford

abstract: Mary Howard, Countess of Stafford was an English suo jure peeress.

text:
# Mary Howard, Countess of Stafford

**Mary Howard, Countess of Stafford** (née **Stafford**; 1619 – 13 January 1693) was an English *suo jure* peeress.

## Early life

She was the daughter of the Hon. Edward Stafford (d. 1621) and Ann Wilford (a daughter of James Wilford, Newman Hall, Quendon, Essex). Her father was heir apparent to the barony of Stafford, but died in 1621 before his father, Edward Stafford, 4th Baron Stafford. Therefore, upon her grandfather's death in 1625, her brother, Henry, became the 5th Baron Stafford.

Her paternal grandfather was the son of the 3rd Baron Stafford and Lady Mary Stanley (a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Derby). Her paternal grandmother, Isabel Forster, the daughter of Thomas Forster of Tong, Shropshire, was reported to be a family chambermaid in a letter to the Earl of Leicester which includes "My Lorde Stafford's son is basely married to his mother's chambermaid."

## Career

Following her brother's death in 1637, and the forced (and probably illegal) surrender of the barony, on the ground of his poverty, by the next heir, Mary's distant cousin Roger Stafford in 1637, the Howard family secured the title for William. Therefore, on 12 September 1640, Mary was created, *suo jure* 1st Baroness Stafford, jointly with her husband William as 1st Baron Stafford. Two months later, William was created Viscount Stafford. Mary and William were both attainted on 7 December 1680 as Royalist supporters, before being falsely implicated by Titus Oates in the later discredited "Popish Plot". William was executed for treason on 29 December 1680.

Mary had her titles restored with the accession of James II, and was created 1st Countess of Stafford, for life, on 5 October 1688 in the Peerage of England, as a consolation for the failure to reverse the attainder on her husband. At the same time, her eldest son, Henry, was created 1st Earl of Stafford, with a special remainder to his brothers and their male issue.

## Personal life

By a licence granted 11 October 1637, she married William Howard (1614–1680). The Staffords were Catholics and the marriage was conducted by a Catholic, not an Anglican, priest, to the reported embarrassment of the groom's father. He was the second surviving son of Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel, and Alethea Talbot, Baroness Talbot (youngest daughter of the 7th Earl of Shrewsbury and his wife Mary Cavendish). Before his execution in 1680, they were the parents of three sons and six daughters, including:

Lady Stafford died on 13 January 1693. Upon her death, her eldest son, Henry, succeeded as the *de jure* 2nd Baron Stafford (the attainder wasn't reversed until 1824 under George Stafford-Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford).

### Descendants

Through her second son John, she was a grandmother of William Stafford-Howard, 2nd Earl of Stafford and John Stafford-Howard, 4th Earl Stafford.

Through her youngest daughter Anastasia, she was a grandmother of Anne Holman, who married her cousin, William, 2nd Earl of Stafford.

Notes Sources  1. Pierce, Frederick Clifton (1 January 1899). *Foster genealogy*. Dalcassian Publishing Company. ISBN 9781290660174. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
2. A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance.by John Burke Publisher Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley, 1831
3. "Stafford-Howard family records". *discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk*. The National Archives. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
4. Mosley, Charles, editor. *Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes.* Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, p. 3707.
5. "William Howard, 1st Baron and Viscount Stafford". *www.britishmuseum.org*. The British Museum. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
6. "Howard, William, Viscount Stafford (1612–1680), nobleman". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13948. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 2020-02-18. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
7. Burke, John (1831). *A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. England*. H. Colburn & R. Bentley.
8. Sir James Balfour Paul, *The Scots Peerage: founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's The Peerage of Scotland* (Edinburgh, Scotland: David Douglas, 1904), volume I, p. 56.
9. Kirk, John (1909). *Biographies of English Catholics in the Eighteenth Century*. Burns & Oates. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4047-0573-9. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
10. Collins, Arthur (1768). *The Peerage of England; Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the Peers of that Kingdom Etc. Fourth Edition, Carefully Corrected, and Continued to the Present Time*. H. Woodfall. p. 123. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
11. Nichols, John Gough (1980). *The Topographer and Genealogist*. J.B. Nichols and Son. p. 34. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
12. Hamilton, Dom Adam (1906). *The Chronicle of the English Augustinian Canonesses Regular of the Lateran at St Monica's in Louvain 1548 to 1625*. Sands. pp. X, 13. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
13. Miner, Earl (Feb 1967). "Dryden's Ode on Mrs. Anastasia Stafford". *Huntington Library Quarterly*. **XXX** (2): 103–111. doi:10.2307/3816993. JSTOR 3816993. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
14. bart.), sir William Jerningham (6th (1807). *Papers relative to the two baronies of Stafford, claimed by sir William Jerningham ... on the death of ... lady Anastasia Stafford Howard. (i. Petition of sir William Jerningham ... to the crown, claiming both the old barony ... and the new barony of Stafford. ii. Opinion and argument of mr. Hargrave in 1800 in support of lady Anastasia Stafford Howard's right to the new barony of Stafford)*. p. 27. Retrieved 17 July 2024.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)


title: Francesco Cherubini

abstract: Francesco Cherubini was a Catholic cardinal who served as Bishop of Senigallia.

text:
# Francesco Cherubini

**Francesco Cherubini** (1585  24 April 1656) was a Catholic cardinal who served as Bishop of Senigallia.

## Life

Francesco Cherubini was born in Montalboddo, near Senigallia in the Papal States in 1585. He completed his studies in Rome earning a doctorate in utroque iure. In Rome he became assistant of Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, and followed the Pamphilj in his Nunciature in Naples (16211625) and in Spain (16261630). In March 1643 he was made Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace,

A turning point in the life of Francesco Cherubini was the elevation of Giovanni Battista Pamphilj to the papacy as Pope Innocent X in September 1644: he continues to collaborate and to stay near the pope.

On 7 October 1647 Pope Innocent X appointed him Cardinal priest with the title of San Giovanni a Porta Latina. At the death of Innocent X, Cherubini participated to the Papal conclave, 1655.

A few months after that conclave, the new pope Alexander VII appointed Francesco Cherubini as bishop of Senigallia. The episcopal consecration followed on 8 August 1655 in the Roman Church of Church of the Gesù by the hands of Cardinal Marco Antonio Franciotti.

Moved to Senigallia, Francesco Cherubini died some months later, on 24 April 1656. He was buried in the church of S. Croce of "Quattro Colonne", in his native town, Montalboddo.

## InfoBox

| Francesco Cherubini | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal, Bishop of Senigallia | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| See | Senigallia |
| Appointed | 2 August 1655 |
| Term ended | 24 April 1656 |
| Predecessor | Cesare Facchinetti |
| Successor | Nicola Guidi di Bagno |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal Priest of San Giovanni a Porta Latina |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 8 Aug 1655 (Bishop)
by Marco Antonio Franciotti |
| Created cardinal | 7 October 1647
by Pope Innocent X |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1585
Montalboddo |
| Died | 24 April 1656(1656-04-24) (aged 70–71)
Senigallia |


title: Francesco Cetti

abstract: Francesco Cetti was an Italian Jesuit priest, zoologist and mathematician.

text:
# Francesco Cetti

**Francesco Cetti** (9 August 1726 – 20 November 1778) was an Italian Jesuit priest, zoologist and mathematician.

## Biography

Cetti was born in Mannheim in Germany, but his parents were natives of Como. He was educated in Lombardy and at the Jesuit college at Monza. In 1765 he was sent to Sardinia to help improve the standard of education on the island. In 1766 he was appointed to the Chair of Mathematics at the University of Sassari, holding that position until his death.

Cetti took long excursions in the vicinity of Sassari, collating his discoveries in the *Storia Naturale di Sardegna (Natural History of Sardinia)* (1774–7). This has three volumes, covering mammals, birds and amphibians with fishes. A supplement on mammals was published in 1777.

Cetti is commemorated in the name of the Cetti's warbler (*Cettia cetti*), which was collected on Sardinia by Alberto della Marmora.

## Works

* Cetti, Francesco (1774). *Storia Naturale di Sardegna* (in Italian). Vol. 1: I Quadrupedi di Sardegna. Sassari: G. Piattoli.
* Cetti, Francesco (1776). *Storia Naturale di Sardegna* (in Italian). Vol. 2: Gli Uccelli di Sardegna. Sassari: G. Piattoli.
* Cetti, Francesco (1777). *Storia Naturale di Sardegna* (in Italian). Vol. 3: Anfibi e Pesci di Sardegna. Sassari: G. Piattoli.
* Cetti, Francesco (1777). *Appendice alla storia naturale dei quadrupedi di Sardegna* (in Italian). Sassari: G. Piattoli.

## Further reading

* Baldino, Maria (1931). "Francesco Cetti illustratore della fauna sarda". *Rivista di storia delle scienze mediche e naturali*. **XIII**: 476–79.
* Mearns, Barbara; Mearns, Richard (1988). *Biographies for Birdwatchers : the lives of those commemorated in Western Palearctic bird names*. London: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-487422-3.
* Mattone, Antonello; Sanna, Piero (2002). "Francesco Cetti e la storia naturale della Sardegna". *Studi Storici* (in Italian). **43** (4): 967–1002. JSTOR 20567170.

## InfoBox

| Francesco CettiSJ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1726-08-09)9 August 1726<br>Mannheim, Germany |
| Died | 20 November 1778(1778-11-20) (aged 52) |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Known for | *Storia Naturale di Sardegna* (*Natural History of Sardinia*) (1774–1777) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics, zoology |
| Institutions | University of Sassari |
|  | |


title: Francesco Falaschi

abstract: Francesco Falaschi is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He won the David di Donatello for Best Short Film for Quasi fratelli in 1999. He was nominated for a David di Donatello and a Silver Ribbon for Best New Director in 2003 for his first film I Am Emma.

text:
# Francesco Falaschi

**Francesco Falaschi** (born 6 August 1961) is an Italian film director and screenwriter.

He won the David di Donatello for Best Short Film for *Quasi fratelli* in 1999. He was nominated for a David di Donatello and a Silver Ribbon for Best New Director in 2003 for his first film *I Am Emma*.

## Filmography

* *Corti stellari* – segment *Furto con destrezza* (1997) – short film
* *Quasi fratelli* (1998) – short film
* *Adidabuma* (1999) – short film
* *I Am Emma* (2002)
* *Last Minute Marocco* (2007)
* *Questo mondo è per te* (2011)
* *As Needed* (2018)
* *Ho tutto il tempo che vuoi* (2020) – short film
* *C'è un posto nel mondo* (2024)

## InfoBox

| Francesco Falaschi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1961-08-06) 6 August 1961<br>Grosseto, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | film director and screenwriter |
| Years active | 1997-present |


title: Fouad Gamil

abstract: Fouad Gamil was an Egyptian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Fouad Gamil

**Fouad Gamil** (born 1897, date of death unknown) was an Egyptian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Gamil was a part of Zamalek SC team that won the Sultan Hussein Cup in 1921, becoming the first Egyptian team to ever win a title. He represented Egypt in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

## Honours

**Zamalek**

## InfoBox

Fouad Gamil
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mahmoud Fouad El-Gamil | | |
| Date of birth | 1897 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Zamalek | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Zamalek |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Egypt |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Fouad El Taher

abstract: Fouad El Taher is an Egyptian chess player who holds the titles of International Master and FIDE Arbiter (2008). He won the Arab Chess Championship in 1992.

text:
# Fouad El Taher

**Fouad El Taher** (born 17 April 1965) is an Egyptian chess player who holds the titles of International Master and FIDE Arbiter (2008). He won the Arab Chess Championship in 1992.

## Chess career

From the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s, Fouad El Taher was one of Egypt's leading chess players. In 1990 in Manila he participated in the World Chess Championship Interzonal Tournament where shared 58th - 59th place. In 1992, in Doha he won Arab Chess Championship.

Fouad El Taher has participated two times in a knockout FIDE World Chess Championships:

Fouad El Taher played for Egypt in the Chess Olympiads:

Fouad El Taher played for Egypt in the African Team Chess Championship:

* In 1993, at first board in the 1st African Team Chess Championship in Cairo (+4, =2, -1) and won team silver medal and individual gold medal.

Fouad El Taher played for Egypt in the African Games (chess - men):

## InfoBox

| Fouad El Taher | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Egypt |
| Born | (1965-04-17) 17 April 1965 |
| Title | International Master (1990) |
| FIDE rating | 2483 (October 2024) |
| Peak rating | 2505 (July 2003) |


title: MasterChef India – Hindi season 8

abstract: Season 8 of the Indian Hindi language competitive reality TV series MasterChef India – Hindi premiered on SonyLIV on 16 October 2023. Vikas Khanna and Ranveer Brar returned as the judges for the show while Garima Arora was replaced by Pooja Dhingra. Mohammed Ashiq from Mangalore won the season and Nambie Marak finished as runner up.

text:
# MasterChef India – Hindi season 8

**Season 8** of the Indian Hindi language competitive reality TV series *MasterChef India – Hindi* premiered on SonyLIV on 16 October 2023. Vikas Khanna and Ranveer Brar returned as the judges for the show while Garima Arora was replaced by Pooja Dhingra. Mohammed Ashiq from Mangalore won the season and Nambie Marak finished as runner up.

## Contestants

| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Occupation | Status | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mohammed Ashiq | 24 | Mangalore, Karnataka | Entrepreneur | Winner
on 08 December, 2023 | 1st |
| Nambie Marak | 35 | Upper Rangsa, Meghalaya | School Principal | Runner-Up
on 08 December, 2023 | 2nd |
| Dr. Rukhsaar Sayeed | 33 | Pampore, J&K | Food Technician | Third place
on 08 December, 2023 | 3rd |
| Suraj Thapa | 28 | Chalsa, West Bengal | Home Baker | Fourth place
on 08 December, 2023 | 4th |
| Harish Closepet | 58 | Bengaluru, Karnataka | Entrepreneur | Eliminated
on 05 December, 2023 | 5th |
| Nidhi Sharma | 35 | Solan, Himachal Pradesh | Chief Bank Manager | Eliminated
on 04 December, 2023 | 6th |
| Kriti Dhiman | 23 | Gobindgarh, Punjab | Home Baker | Eliminated
on 01 December, 2023 | 7th |
| Kenneth Gopinath | 18 | Bengaluru, Karnataka | Student | Eliminated
on 24 November 2023 | 8th |
| Subhojit Sen | 29 | Kolkata, West Bengal | Engineer | Eliminated
on 17 November 2023 | 9th |
| Prachi Agarkar | 28 | Mumbai, Maharashtra | Professor | Eliminated
on 10 November 2023 | 10th |
| Kaushalya Choudhary | 29 | Bhopalgarh, Rajasthan | Content Creator | Eliminated
on 3 November 2023 | 11th |
| Sima Ahmed | 56 | Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh | Pop-up Chef | | 12th |
|

## Elimination chart

| Place | Contestant | Episode | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | |  | Week 2 | | | |  | Week 3 | | | |  | Week 4 | | | | |  | Week 5 | | | |  | Week 6 | | | | |  | Week 7 | | | | |  | **Week 8** | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 6 | 7 | 8-9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13-14 | 15 | 16 | 17-18 | | 19 | 20 | 21-22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28-29 | | 30 | 31 | 32 | | 33-34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38-39 | 40 | |
| | | | | | | | 1 | Ashiq | IN | TOP | IN | IN | TOP | IN | BTM | PT | IN |  | LOW | BTM | PT | WIN | WIN | IMM | | IN | IN |  | BTM | PT | IN |  | LOW | BTM | PT | *TOP 5* | *TOP 4* | *TOP 4* | *TOP 3* | ***WINNER*** |
| | | | | | | | 2 | **Nambie** | IN | IN | IN | IN | IN | WIN | IMM | IMM | IN |  | WIN | IMM | | LOW | NOT | WIN | IMM | IN | | | | | IN |  | WIN | IMM | IN |  | WIN | WIN | IMM | ***RUNNER-UP*** |
| | | | | | | | 3 | **Rukhsaar** | IN | IN | IN | IMN | IN | IN | BTM | PT | WIN |  | WIN | IMM | | WIN | IN | BTM | PT | IN | | | | | IN |  | WIN | IMM | IN |  | WIN | TOP | PT | ***THIRD*** |
| | | | | | | | 4 | **Suraj** | IN | IN | IN | IN | IN | IN | BTM | PT | IN |  | WIN | IMM | | WIN | IN | WIN | IMM | IN | | | | IN |  | WIN | IMM | IN |  | WIN | BTM | PT | ELIM | ***FOURTH*** |
| | | | | | | | 5 | **Harish** | IN | IN | LOW | NOT | IN | IN | TOP | IMM | IN |  | LOW | WIN | IMM | WIN | IN | WIN | IMM | IN | | IN |  | BTM | PT | IN |  | LOW | BTM | PT | ELIM |  | | |
| | | | | | | | 6 | **Nidhi** | IN | TOP | LOW | NOT | BTM | IN | WIN | IMM | WIN |  | LOW | BTM | PT | WIN | IN | BTM | PT | IN | IN |  | BTM | PT | IN |  | LOW | BTM | PT | ELIM |  | | | |
| | | | | | | 7 | **Kriti** | IN | IN | IN | IN | IN | IN | BTM | PT | IN |  | WIN | IMM | | WIN | IN | BTM | PT | IN | BTM | NOT | | PT | BTM | NOT | | | ELIM |  | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 8 | **Kenneth** | IN | IN | LOW | NOT | IN | IN | BTM | PT | IN |  | WIN | IMM | | LOW | NOT | WIN | IMM | BTM | NOT | | | ELIM |  | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 9 | **Subhojit** | LOW | NOT | | | IN | IN | BTM | PT | IN |  | LOW | BTM | PT | LOW | NOT | BTM | ELIM |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 10 | **Prachi** | LOW | NOT | | | IN | IN | TOP | IMM | IN |  | LOW | BTM | ELIM |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | 11 | **Kaushalya** | IN | LOW | NOT | | IN | IN | BTM | ELIM |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | **Sima** | IN | LOW | NOT | | BTM | IN | BTM | ELIM |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

(WINNER) The cook won the competition.   (RUNNER-UP) The cook finished as the Runner-up.   (TOP) The cook was one of the top entries in the individual challenge.   (WIN) The cook won an individual / pair / team challenge.   (IN) The cook wasn't selected as a top or bottom entry in an individual / pair challenge.   (LOW) The cook was one of the bottom entries in an individual / pair / team challenge.   (BTM) The cook was non-immune and had to compete in the elimination challenge.   (PT) The cook competed in the Pressure Test in elimination round, and advanced.   (IMM) The cook didn't participate in the challenge as he/she already advanced to the next week.   (IMN) The cook won an Immunity Pin.   (NOT) This cook did not participate in the challenge(s) as was excluded.   (ELIM) The cook was eliminated from the MasterChef Kitchen.

## Production

The *MasterChef India season 8* was announced on 7 July 2023 on SonyLIV. This season marked Khanna's seventh consecutive season serving as a judge on the show, Brar's fourth season and Dhingra's first season as a judge. Audition rounds were conducted across the country. *The Times of India* reviewed the series.

1. "MasterChef India Season 8 to stream on SonyLIV from October 16".
2. "'MasterChef India': Pooja Dhingra joins Vikas, Ranveer as judge in new season".
3. "Mohammed Aashiq wins MasterChef India 2023". *The Indian Express*.
4. "Call for Entries for MasterChef India Season 8 Now Open; Here's How You Can Apply". 8 July 2023.
5. "Masterchef India 8 PROMO: Competitive cooking reality show returns with new flavors this October". 28 September 2023.
6. "Two Assam women clears first round of MasterChef India Season 8". 8 August 2023.
7. "Culinary dreams on the table for MasterChef Season 8's Kolkata auditions".
8. "Review: MasterChef India 2 opens doors of opportunity for influencers, bloggers and even entrepreneurs". *The Times of India*. 20 October 2023.

## InfoBox

| *MasterChef India – Hindi* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 8 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Judges | Pooja Dhingra
Ranveer Brar
Vikas Khanna |
| No. of contestants | 12 |
| Winner | Mohammed Ashiq |
| Runner-up | Nambie Marak |
|  | |
| No. of episodes | 40 |
| Release | |
| Original network | SonyLIV |
| Original release | 16 October (2023-10-16)
8 December 2023 (2023-12-08) |
| Season chronology | |


title: María Cubillán

abstract: María Angélica Cubillán Chourio is a Venezuelan athlete specialising in the discus throw. She won several medals at the regional level. Her personal best of 55.57 metres (2009) is the current national record.

text:
# María Cubillán

**María Angélica Cubillán Chourio** (born 22 April 1981) is a Venezuelan athlete specialising in the discus throw. She won several medals at the regional level.

Her personal best of 55.57 metres (2009) is the current national record.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Venezuela | | | | | |
| 1996 | South American Youth Championships | Asunción, Paraguay | 1st | Discus | 39.02 m |
| 1997 | South American Junior Championships | San Carlos, Uruguay | 1st | Discus | 42.66 m |
| 1998 | South American Junior Championships | Córdoba, Argentina | 2nd | Discus | 44.11 m |
| 1999 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Bridgetown, Barbados | 1st | Discus | 42.08 m |
| 2000 | South American Junior Championships | São Leopoldo, Brazil | 2nd | Discus | 44.49 m |
| 2003 | South American Championships | Barquisimeto, Venezuela | 3rd | Discus | 50.47 m |
| | Central American and Caribbean Championships | St. George's, Grenada | 2nd | Discus | 49.05 m |
| 2008 | Ibero-American Championships | Iquique, Chile | 4th | Discus | 52.11 m |
| | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Cali, Colombia | 4th | Discus | 50.62 m |
| 2009 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 3rd | Discus | 54.07 m |
| | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | Discus | 55.57 m |
| 2010 | Ibero-American Championships | San Fernando, Spain | 7th | Discus | 52.39 m |
| | Central American and Caribbean Games | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 1st | Discus | 52.21 m |
| 2011 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 5th | Discus | 52.13 m |
| 2012 | Ibero-American Championships | Barquisimeto, Venezuela | 7th | Discus | 51.24 m |
| 2013 | South American Championships | Cartagena, Colombia | 8th | Discus | 49.86 m |

1. María Cubillán at World Athletics
2. "Maria CUBILLÁN | Profile | World Athletics".


title: María Dalmazzo

abstract: Maria Dalmazzo is a Colombian actress.

text:
# María Dalmazzo

**Maria Dalmazzo** (born October 5, 1983) is a Colombian actress.

## Early life and education

Maria Dalmazzo was born in Valparaiso, Chile, daughter of a Chilean/Italian father and a Colombian mother, the last of two siblings. When she was five years old they moved to Pereira, Colombia, where she lived for several years at a zoo where her father was the resident head veterinarian. She studied there. When she turned 11, she decided to start studying Dramatic Arts in the after-class schedule. Simultaneously she began working in advertising as a teen model. She also began to study musical theory and took up various instruments, such as guitar and violin. At 14 she took an interest in producing and writing plays for the school drama class, and three years later she worked in *El Valle de las Sombras*, a theatrical piece that would take her on a national tour.

## Career

Upon high school graduation she studied environmental engineering. Shortly before finishing her undergraduate program she decided to leave not only school but also the city, and then she moved to Bogotá where, three days after her arrival, she started working in advertising, modelling and doing locutions. She worked in several ad campaigns for Colgate, Neutrogena, Johnson & Johnson, Lancôme, Sony, and more. She also made movie dubs. She worked with Disney Latin America doing Meet & Greets along all the southern continent, voiced over several documentaries and has been the voice for important products in Colombia.

## Films

* 2010: Apatía "Una Película de Carretera"
* 2010: Paulina
* 2009: Diástole
* 2008: A Solas

## Television

* 2012: Pobres Rico
* 2011: Kdabra2
* 2010: Kdabra
* 2010: La Magia de Sofia
* 2010: A Corazón Abierto
* 2008–2009: La Sub30
* 2006–2007: Historias de Hombres Sólo Para Mujeres
* 2004: La Mujer en el Espejo
* 2002: Juan Joyita
* 2000–2005: Así es la Vida
* 2000: Programa Coctel

## Theatre

* 2007: Lujuria
* 2003: El Sardinero
* 2000–2002: El Valle de las Sombras

## InfoBox

| Maria Dalmazzo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1983-10-05) October 5, 1983<br>Valparaiso, Chile |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Notable work | Apatía "Una Película de Carretera", Paulina, Diástole |


title: Theodora Elizabeth Lynch

abstract: Theodora Elizabeth Lynch, born Foulks (1812–1885) was an English poet and novelist.

text:
# Theodora Elizabeth Lynch

**Theodora Elizabeth Lynch**, born **Foulks** (18121885) was an English poet and novelist.

## Biography

Theodora Elizabeth Foulks was the daughter of Arthur Foulks and his wife, Mary Ann McKenzie. She born at Dale Park, Madehurst, Sussex, in 1812. Her father was a Jamaica sugar-planter who owned over 400 slaves on his plantation, the Lodge estate, now in the parish of Saint Catherine.

Foulks was married on 28 December 1835 to Henry Mark Lynch, second son of John Lynch of Kingston, Jamaica. Her husband, born in Kingston on 29 October 1814, was admitted a student of the Middle Temple on 31 May 1837, and was called to the bar on 12 June 1840. He practised in Jamaica, and was nominated to be one of the judges there, but died of yellow fever at Kingston on 15 July 1845. He was buried at Halfway Free Church, Saint Andrew Parish, on 16 July.

After her husband's death she returned to England and devoted herself to writing fiction. Her books, often set in the West Indies, are mostly intended for young people. She died in St John's Wood, London, in June 1885, aged 75.

## Works

Her published works were:

1. *Lays of the Sea, and other Poems. By Personne.* i.e. T.E. Lynch, 1846; 2nd edit. 1850.
2. *The Cotton Tree, or Emily, the little West Indian*, 1847; another edit. 1853.
3. *The Family Sepulchre, a Tale of Jamaica*, 1848.
4. *Maude Effingham, a Tale of Jamaica*, 1849.
5. *Stories from the Acts of the Apostles*, 1850.
6. *The Little Teacher*, 2nd edit. 1851.
7. *The Mountain Pastor*, 1852.
8. *Millie Howard, or Trust in God*, 1864.
9. *The Red Brick House*, 1866.
10. *The Wonders of the West Indies*, 1866.
11. *The Story of my Girlhood*, 1857.
12. *The Exodus of the Children of Israel, and their Wanderings in the Desert*, 1857.
13. *The Story of the Patriarchs*, 1860.
14. *Son of the Evening Land, and other Poems*, 1861.
15. *Rose and her Mission, a Tale of the West Indies*, 1863.
16. *The Sabbaths of the Year, hymns for Children*, 1864.
17. *Years Ago, a Tale of West Indian Domestic Life of the Eighteenth Century*, 1865.

Works cited * Boase, George Clement (1893). "Lynch, Theodora Elizabeth". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Attribution

## InfoBox

| Theodora Elizabeth Lynch | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1812 |
| Died | 1885 (aged 7273)<br>St John's Wood, London, England |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | British |
| Genre | Poetry |


title: Masala (2012 film)

abstract: Masala is a 2012 Marathi film directed by Sandesh Kulkarni and written by Girish Kulkarni. It is Kulkarni's directorial debut. The film is loosely based on the life story of Hukmichand Chordia of Pravin Masalewale fame.

text:
# Masala (2012 film)

**Masala** (Marathi: मसाला) is a 2012 Marathi film directed by Sandesh Kulkarni and written by Girish Kulkarni. It is Kulkarni's directorial debut. The film is loosely based on the life story of Hukmichand Chordia of Pravin Masalewale fame.

## Synopsis

A couple is forced to repeatedly move in search of sustainable business ventures. They live in constant fear of meeting their creditors, whose money they spent in unfruitful investments. When the couple meets another couple, things start changing for the better by following the wise counsel of their new acquaintances. The latter part of the movie showcases these changes.

## Reception

The movie was well received by the audience and appreciated by critics.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Masala | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Sandesh Kulkarni |
| Produced by | Girish Kulkarni
Umesh vinayak Kulkarni |
| Starring | Girish Kulkarni
Amruta Subhash
Mohan Agashe
Dilip Prabhavalkar
Hrishikesh Joshi
Shashank Shende
Pravin Tarde
Neha Shitole |
| Music by | Anand Modak |
| Release date | * April 2012 (2012-04) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Marathi |


title: The Woodlands (race track)

abstract: The Woodlands was a greyhound racing track at 9700 Leavenworth Road, Kansas City, Kansas, from 1989 until 2008.

text:
# The Woodlands (race track)

**The Woodlands** was a greyhound racing (and later horse racing) track at 9700 Leavenworth Road, Kansas City, Kansas, from 1989 until 2008.

## History

In 1986, Kansas voters permitted parimutuel betting, setting the idea of the track into action.

The track officially opened in 1989 with considerable expectations. Kansas claimed it was the home of greyhounds with the National Greyhound Association operating in Abilene, Kansas which is also the location for the National Greyhound Hall of Fame. It was the first legal gambling outlet in the Kansas City metro area since the 1930s. Attendance spiked the second year with 1.7 million in 1990, however it fell to less than 400,000 by 2000 as the track was subject to a series of scandals and competitive pressure.

In 1993, Missouri voters approved riverboat casinos and the boat casinos appeared on the Missouri side, competing for the gambling market.

Furthermore, in 1995, Jorge Anthony Hughes, operator of Hughes Kennels at the track, was charged with selling illegal steroids at the track. Further revelations showed the track was not adequately testing or monitoring for steroid use. In 1996, the track saw more legal issues when charges were filed that employees were accepting illegal out of state bets from Florida.

The track went into bankruptcy in 1996. William M. Grace later brought the track out of bankruptcy in 1998 by holding 85 percent of its mortgage.

However, the problems continued. In 2002, the Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission said that employees had stolen $200,000. Further, Dick Boushka, one of the original owners, was indicted in 2002 that he had falsified documents to get the $19 million in loans from Wichita banks to initially open the track.

The track attempted unsuccessfully to get permission to operate slot machines. Kansas governors Bill Graves and Kathleen Sebelius both endorsed the proposal and the Wyandotte County government attempted to implement it by local law and was passed both times. The track became involved in a dispute over how much money they could keep from the slot machines with the Kansas Lottery. Attempts were made to try to amend the bill which allowed slots at the track but were mainly ignored by leadership in the Kansas legislature.

An amendment to a proposed law passed on April 2, 2013 which once again prohibited slot machines at track facilities. http://www.kshb.com/dpp/news/state/kansas/kansas-senate-endorses-ban-on-online-gambling

Grace died in 2005 and his son Howard T. Grace closed the course effective August 24, 2008.

Another bill to allow 2,800 slot machines at the track passed the Kansas Senate in May 2015. Two months later, Phil Ruffin, owner of two other defunct tracks in Kansas, purchased the Woodlands. The track still remains inactive.

In October, 2020, it was announced that the Woodlands Racetracks would be demolished, and that the property would be converted to an Amazon fulfillment center. Demolition occurred in March 2021.

## InfoBox

The Woodlands
| Sign for the track in 2009 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Kansas City, Kansas |
| Coordinates | 39°08′55″N 94°47′50″W / 39.1485°N 94.7972°W / 39.1485; -94.7972 |
| Owned by | Phil Ruffin |
| Date opened | 1989 |
| Official website | |


title: Masubi (volcano)

abstract: Masubi is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's leading hemisphere at 49.6°S 56.18°W within a bright terrain region named Tarsus Regio. A volcanic plume has been observed at Masubi by various spacecraft starting with Voyager 1 in 1979, though it has not been persistent like similar Ionian volcanoes Amirani and Prometheus. Masubi is also notable for having one of the largest active lava flows on Io, with an additional 240 km (150 mi) flow forming between 1999 and 2007.

text:
# Masubi (volcano)

**Masubi** is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's leading hemisphere at 49°36′S 56°11′W / 49.6°S 56.18°W / -49.6; -56.18 within a bright terrain region named Tarsus Regio. A volcanic plume has been observed at Masubi by various spacecraft starting with *Voyager 1* in 1979, though it has not been persistent like similar Ionian volcanoes Amirani and Prometheus. Masubi is also notable for having one of the largest active lava flows on Io, with an additional 240 km (150 mi) flow forming between 1999 and 2007.

## Observations by *Voyager 1*

The volcano was first observed during the *Voyager 1* encounter with the Jupiter system on March 5, 1979. *Voyager* discovered a 64 km (40 mi) tall, 177 km (110 mi) wide volcanic dust plume, composed primarily of sulfur dioxide, at the northern end of a 501 km (311 mi) long dark lava flow. To date, images taken by *Voyager 1's* Imaging Science Sub-system Wide-Angle Camera shortly before the spacecraft's closest approach to Io have the highest spatial resolution coverage of this volcano at two kilometers per pixel. These images reveal a lava flow with a V-shaped northern end, associated with the plume source as noted by the dark plume deposit ring surrounding it, and bifurcated southern section. The two-lobed shape of the plume deposit may result from the Masubi volcanic plume during *Voyager 1* encounter having two sources on the flow field and two eruption columns. This was the faintest of the plumes on Io observed by the two Voyager spacecraft. It was initially designated as Plume 8, but in 1979 the International Astronomical Union formally named it Masubi, after a Japanese fire god called Ho-Masubi. The lava flow associated with the plume was named **Masubi Fluctus** shortly after the start of the Galileo mission.

## Observations by *Galileo*

The *Galileo* spacecraft and ground-based astronomers observed volcanic activity at Masubi on several occasions in the late 1990s, but it was not a persistent thermal hotspot. The camera on *Galileo* observed a volcanic plume along Masubi Fluctus during the *Galileo* extended missions, in July/August 1999 and August 2001. *Galileo*'s cameras also observed a plume deposit form in September 1997. In each of these cases, the volcanic plumes emanated from different parts of Masubi Fluctus, providing further evidence that dust plumes like the one at Masubi result from the rapid sublimation of surficial sulfur dioxide frost by warm, advancing lava flow fronts, rather than erupting from the primary volcanic vent. Ground-based astronomers in August 1998 briefly observed a high-temperature eruption at Masubi, confirming Masubi Fluctus' silicate mafic to ultramafic composition.

## Observations by *New Horizons*

Masubi was last observed by a spacecraft during *New Horizons'* February 28, 2007 encounter with the Jupiter system. During this encounter, two plumes were observed along Masubi Fluctus. One was seen at the northern end of the flow, interpreted as the main source vent for the flow. The second was observed near the middle of the elongated flow field. These two plumes were 70 and 80 kilometers tall respectively. *New Horizons* also observed a fresh, 240-kilometer lava flow at Masubi, which formed between *Galileo's* last observation of Masubi Fluctus in 1999 and the *New Horizons* flyby in 2007. This was the largest new lava flow observed anywhere in the solar system since extraterrestrial volcanism was discovered on Io in 1979. The two plumes observed emanate from the northern and southern ends of this new flow. Fallout from the two volcanic plumes produced a two-lobed dark deposit around the new lava flow, similar to the deposit seen during the *Voyager* encounters.

*New Horizons* images also highlighted the fact that the visibility of the older, 500-km long flow varies depending on the phase angle of the observation. Phase angle is the angle between the observer, Io, and the Sun. Io appears "full" at low phase angles near 0°, "half-full" at moderate phase angles near 90°, and crescent shaped at high phase angles approaching 180°. The older portion of Masubi Fluctus is nearly invisible at low phase angles and only shows up at high phase angles. This may be due to sulfur dioxide frost on top of the now cooled lava flow obscuring it, but this deposit is not yet thick enough to obscure the texture of the flow. A similar phase angle effect at Masubi Fluctus was also observed by *Voyager* and *Galileo*, though this was limited to longer visible wavelengths.


title: Francis Appleton Harding

abstract: Francis Appleton Harding was an American politician in Massachusetts. He represented Dedham in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1947 to 1955. Harding was born in Dedham and attended St. Mark's School and Harvard University. Before becoming a politician he made his living as a writer. Harding was a member of the Rotary Club, the American Legion, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars.

text:
# Francis Appleton Harding

**Francis Appleton Harding** (March 21, 1908 – November 23, 1989) was an American politician in Massachusetts. He represented Dedham in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1947 to 1955.

Harding was born in Dedham and attended St. Mark's School and Harvard University. Before becoming a politician he made his living as a writer. Harding was a member of the Rotary Club, the American Legion, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars.


title: Four-gamete test

abstract: In population genetics, the four-gamete test (FGT) is a method for detecting historical recombination events.

text:
# Four-gamete test

In population genetics, the **four-gamete test** (FGT) is a method for detecting historical recombination events.

## Description

The four gamete-test detects pairs of segregating sites that have arisen either by recombination or by a repeat mutation. The test is based on an infinite-sites assumption (i.e. repeat mutations have zero probability). Under this hypothesis, the probability of a repeat mutation is zero, and hence a recombination event is inferred. For example, if the data being studied consists of bi-allelic single-nucleotide polymorphism data, then the following configuration could be generated *without* recombination. Indeed, for instance, from genotype 0, 0, one mutation can give rise to genotype 0, 1, and another mutation can give rise to genotype 1, 0.

| Chromosome | Site 1 | Site 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 | 1 |

However, the following configuration cannot be generated without recombination. Indeed, the assumption of the infinite site model supposes that mutation at site 1 in genotype 2 to produce genotype 4 is impossible (and so is mutation at site 2 in genotype 3).

| Chromosome | Site 1 | Site 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | 1 | 1 |

Hence, in this example, the existence of genotype 4 is the hallmark of recombination. The FGT detects recombination events by identifying the type of configuration presented above in the data. FGT can be performed using R.

The FGT has low statistical power to detect recombination. Furthermore, the FGT is suitable only when the mutation rate is significantly smaller than the recombination rate. If the mutation rate is high, then the infinite-sites assumption is violated. For example, the FGT is generally suitable for human datasets, but is unsuitable for bacterial datasets.

1. Hudson, R. K. (1 September 1985). "Statistical Properties of the Number of Recombination Events in the History of a Sample of DNA Sequences". *Genetics*. **111** (1): 147–164. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 1202594. PMID 4029609.
2. https://search.r-project.org/CRAN/refmans/FourgameteP/html/FourgameteP.html


title: Theodore A. Glynn

abstract: Theodore A. Glynn was an American politician who served as clerk of the Roxbury District Court and commissioner of the Boston Fire Department. He was a candidate for mayor of Boston in 1925.

text:
# Theodore A. Glynn

**Theodore A. Glynn** (November 8, 1881 – February 6, 1950) was an American politician who served as clerk of the Roxbury District Court and commissioner of the Boston Fire Department. He was a candidate for mayor of Boston in 1925.

## Early life

Glynn was born on November 8, 1881, in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood. His parents died when he was young and he began working as a grocery store delivery boy after graduating from grammar school. He later opened his own market. He then worked for the Cudahy Packing Company, where he rose to the position of general manager. In 1906 he married Anna Cooney. They had two children, one of whom, Theodore A. Glynn Jr. served as a state representative and state court judge. Anna Glynn died in 1936.

## Political career

In 1903, the 21-year-old Glynn was elected to the Boston Common Council. In 1905 he defeated former state senator Thomas F. Curley a seat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Curley's defeat was a setback for the Boston Tammany Club, run by Thomas F. Curley and James Michael Curley, however Glynn joined the organization a few years later and became its president. Glynn managed James Michael Curley's campaigns in the 1914, 1917, and 1921 mayoral elections. On July 29, 1922, he was appointed Boston Fire Commissioner by Mayor Curley. Curley was ineligible to run in 1925 and Glynn ran to succeed him. Glynn finished second in the ten-candidate race. A large number of votes were split between Glynn the other Democratic candidates, which resulted in the election of Republican Malcolm Nichols. Nicholas replaced Glynn as fire commissioner in 1926. Glynn was a candidate for mayor again in 1929, however he dropped out of the race and backed James Michael Curley. In April 1932, Curley appointed Glynn to the position of street commissioner. In 1934, Curley, who had become governor, named Glynn clerk of the Roxbury District Court. Glynn held this position until his death on February 6, 1950.

## InfoBox

| Theodore A. Glynn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Commissioner of the Boston Fire Department | |
| **In office**
1922–1926 | |
| Preceded by | John R. Murphy |
| Succeeded by | Eugene Hultman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 8, 1881
Roxbury |
| Died | February 6, 1950 (aged 63)
Roxbury |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |