title: War Story (TV series)

abstract: War Story is a Canadian television documentary series, which has aired on History since 2012. Airing between six and thirteen episodes per season, the series examines stories of Canada's military participation in war. The first three seasons were general examinations of war, with individual episodes focusing on stories from World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, while the fourth season, titled War Story: Afghanistan, focused exclusively on the more recent War in Afghanistan. At the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards in 2014, director Barry Stevens won the award for Best Direction in a Documentary Series for the first-season episode "Ortona: The War Inside". At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, War Story: Afghanistan won the award for History Documentary Program or Series, and Stevens won the award for Best Direction in a Documentary Series for the episode "The Long Way Home". Andrew Theobald was also nominated for the Barbara Sears Award for Editorial Research for the episode "The Long Way Home".

text:
# War Story (TV series)

***War Story*** is a Canadian television documentary series, which has aired on History since 2012. Airing between six and thirteen episodes per season, the series examines stories of Canada's military participation in war.

The first three seasons were general examinations of war, with individual episodes focusing on stories from World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, while the fourth season, titled ***War Story: Afghanistan***, focused exclusively on the more recent War in Afghanistan.

At the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards in 2014, director Barry Stevens won the award for Best Direction in a Documentary Series for the first-season episode "Ortona: The War Inside". At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, *War Story: Afghanistan* won the award for History Documentary Program or Series, and Stevens won the award for Best Direction in a Documentary Series for the episode "The Long Way Home". Andrew Theobald was also nominated for the Barbara Sears Award for Editorial Research for the episode "The Long Way Home".

## Episodes

### Season 1

| No. | Title | Directed by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Bomber Command - Hitting Back" | Barry Stevens | 8 November 2012 |
| In 1940, with Britain and the Commonwealth virtually fighting alone against the Nazi onslaught, Germany began widescale bombing of British cities. The British survived this brutal assault, and, by 1942, Bomber Command, under the direction of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, commenced strategic bombing of German cities. For the British and Canadian aircrews flying the bombers, these may have been revenge attacks, but they were also a grim task to which they were entirely committed in the service of winning the war. The campaign took a tremendous toll, a cost also borne by the Germans on the ground. Hitting Back takes the viewer through a strategic bombing sortie, as experienced by the Allied personnel on the ground and in the air, German defenders, and survivors of the attacks. Bomber Command aircrew woke every morning and prepared for night operations and the many dangers they promised. Aircrew selected for action controlled their fears as best they could, particularly if the target proved to be the heart of German industry in the Ruhr, sardonically nicknamed "Happy Valley." The German defences, a network of radar stations, 88mm anti-aircraft guns, searchlights, and night fighters, inflicted terrible casualties on the attacking bombers and their crews, almost half of whom who were killed or wounded on operations. By 1944-45, Bomber Command routinely dispatched 1,000 or more bombers against German targets every night that weather conditions allowed. The devastating consequences of attacks - like No. 5 Bomber Group's raid against Darmstadt on the night of 11–12 September 1944 - for both for the young men in the skies and the people on the ground, are vividly reflected upon in this film. | | | |
| 2 | "Bomber Command - Getting Home" | Barry Stevens | 8 November 2012 |
| Getting home was never easy for bomber crews: Flying with Bomber Command was the most dangerous service in the Allied forces during the Second World War. Of the 125,000 men who served in bomber aircrew, 55,000 were killed, including nearly 10,000 Canadians. Indeed, a majority of bomber aircrew did not survive the 30 sorties needed to complete an operational tour. Getting Home continues the incredible story of Bomber Command begun in Hitting Back. Bomber Command operated mainly at night, striking German cities and industrial infrastructure. The British and Canadian aircrew, including pilots, bomb aimers, and gunners - overwhelmingly young men in their late teens and early twenties - were well aware that their odds of survival were slim. German defenders, including even younger men manning anti-aircraft guns, and determined night fighter pilots, ensured that those odds did not improve. Bomber Command personnel pressed on regardless, for even when a target was attacked, as recalled in Hitting Back, the trip home to England remained fraught with danger. In stricken aircraft, often sheltering comrades who had been mortally wounded, desperate bomber crews scanned the skies for German fighters. Even if the German defences could be evaded, emergency landings involved leaking fuel, unexploded bombs, or the absence of landing gear. Tens of thousands of airmen also baled out of doomed bombers, becoming prisoners of war, or being lynched on landing by furious German civilians. In this film, Bomber Command personnel and German veterans look back on the losses they suffered, providing an intimate, personal, examination of one of the Second World War's most protracted and deadly campaigns. | | | |
| 3 | "Kap'Yong" | Barry Stevens | 9 November 2012 |
| On 22 April 1951, the invading Chinese Army threatened Seoul, capital of South Korea. The Chinese forces had pushed back the United Nations defenders, but they still had to confront a heavily outnumbered Canadian infantry battalion of determined volunteers. Kap'yong is simultaneously one of the finest small unit actions in Canadian history and a forgotten battle in a war that has never received due attention in Canada. In Kap'yong: The Forgotten Battle, Canadian and Chinese veterans reflect on those fateful events of over 60 years ago. The Canadian defenders at Kap'yong comprised the 700 men of 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2 PPCLI), raised specifically for service in Korea. The volunteers included young men eager for adventure, as well as many Second World War veterans. One of the latter, Colonel Jim Stone, a soldier renowned for his toughness, commanded the battalion. The Canadians were united in their ignorance of Korea and their shock at the poverty and chaos that greeted them when the arrived in the war-ravaged peninsula in December 1950. Although the American-led United Nations forces, reeling from North Korean/Chinese offensives, ordered the Canadians to move immediately to the front line, Colonel Stone refused, insisting that his troops needed more training. Those troops validated his stand through their excellent performance at Kap'yong. On 22 April 1951, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army's Spring Offensive had already made impressive gains. South Korean forces were in panicked retreat, the Chinese had shattered the British forces in their path, and the Communist attackers had forced a tough Australian battalion off of Hill 504. Only 2 PPCLI barred their route to Seoul through the Kap'yong Valley. Atop Hill 677, the feature's metric height, the Canadians awaited the advance of the Chinese, fully aware that retreat was not an option. Moving silently through the night, the attackers, who outnumbered the Canadians almost ten-to-one, swarmed the Canadian positions. In close quarters fighting that included bayonet actions, the Patricias' "A," "B," and "C" Company, with the aid of the Support Company, repulsed the Chinese. "D" Company bore the brunt of the assault, however, and also held the key to the outcome. Surrounded, the lead platoon, under command of Lieutenant Mike Levy, took the extraordinary move of calling in artillery on their position. The accurate fire of the New Zealand gunners finally broke the Chinese attack and inflicted hundreds of casualties on the Communist forces. The Patricias lost a dozen men of their own, but they held: Seoul remained free. While 2 PPCLI became the first Canadian unit to be awarded the prestigious United States Presidential Unit Citation, there would be no domestic recognition for the victors when they returned home. The Forgotten Battle sheds much needed light on the vital action at Kap'yong. | | | |
| 4 | "Bomb Girls Remembered" | Barry Stevens | 9 November 2012 |
| During the Second World War, 250,000 Canadian women helped to build the arsenal of democracy. There was a two-tiered motivation for these workers from across Canada, mainly young women outside of the home for the first time, to seek employment in the arms industry. The government's official line asserted that women in industry released men for front line military service, but deeper and more personal motivations, namely a desire to help win the war and bring those same men home as soon as possible, prevailed. These young women met the challenges of factory work and helped to win the Second World War, and by doing so, paved the way for future generations. | | | |
| 5 | "Sicily - The First Campaign" | Barry Stevens | 10 November 2012 |
| The Sicily Campaign began with the largest seaborne invasion in history on 9–10 July 1943. The Allied forces of Britain, Canada, and the United States, in the first direct invasion of Axis territory, sought to knock Italy out of the war and attack Germany from the south. Prior to Sicily, the Second World War Canadian Army had only seen combat at Hong Kong and Dieppe, both unmitigated disasters. The Canadian units that took part in the campaign - the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade, a combined 25,000 men containing formations from all across the country - had been in Britain since December 1939, and they were eager to test themselves in combat. After nearly four years of waiting, how would they respond to the real thing? In this film, the men who were there tell us in their own words. The Allies did not enjoy complete air and naval superiority, endangering the landings. The Canadians came ashore at Pachino, on the southeastern most tip of the island. The Italian defenders generally offered token resistance, if any, but the German formations, notably the 15th Panzer Grenadier Division and the Hermann Goering Panzer Division, fought ferociously to delay the Allies and inflict as many casualties as possible. The sweltering Sicilian summer, coupled with the island's mountainous terrain and poor infrastructure - the temperature routinely exceeded 40 degrees and movement was almost entirely on foot or by mule - heavily influenced the fighting: No other Canadian soldiers fought in conditions of this kind during the Second World War. Acting as the left flank of the British 8th Army, the Canadians distinguished themselves at Modica, Leonforte, and Agira. The most celebrated action of the campaign occurred on 20–21 July, when The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment boldly scaled Monte Assoro under cover of darkness, surprised the German defenders, seized the summit, and held it against 11 concerted German counterattacks. It took the Allies 38 days to overcome the fierce German opposition and secure the island. In the meantime, Benito Mussolini was deposed and the new Italian government proposed peace talks with the Allies. The Canadians had marched over 200 kilometres and played a pivotal role in the victory, but at the cost of 2,310 casualties, including 562 dead. However, the Germans re-grouped and prepared to make their next stand across the Strait of Messina. The battles for Ortona and Rome would follow. | | | |
| 6 | "Ortona - The War Inside" | Barry Stevens | 10 November 2012 |
|  | | | |
| 7 | "The Road to Rome" | Barry Stevens | 10 November 2012 |
| From Ortona, the Canadians moved across the Italian peninsula to the Liri Valley, the mountainous area to the south of the Italian capital of Rome. With the Hitler Line shattered by Canadian infantry, the tankers of the 5th Canadian Armoured Division surprised the Germans with an audacious crossing of the Melfa River, but their American allies were given the prize of liberating the eternal city. The Road to Rome examines the incredible experiences of Canadian veterans, the victories and horrors of armoured combat, and the pivotal value, far too often neglected, of the overall Italian Campaign. The Americans and British had sought to capture Rome in January 1944, surprising the Germans with an amphibious landing at Anzio. The Germans quickly countered that attack, pinning down the Anzio troops. By May 1944, hundreds of thousands of Allied attackers, German defenders, and Italian civilians had been killed in the vicious series of battles for Monte Cassino. On 18 May, the Poles finally captured the summit of that ruined monastery. On 23–24 May, the Canadian Corps smashed through the Hitler Line, just north of Monte Cassino, opening up Highway 6, the most direct route to Rome, just 100 kilometres away. Before the Germans could consolidate yet another defensive line, the 5th Canadian Armoured Division and the tanks of Lord Strathcona's Horse, the 8th New Brunswick Hussars, and the British Columbia Dragoons spearheaded the Allied advance. A reconnaissance troop from Lord Strathcona's Horse, under command of Lieutenant Ed Perkins, audaciously established a bridgehead over the Melfa River, later built up with Sherman tanks and infantry from "A" Company, The Westminster Regiment, through surprise and desperate fighting. The firm leadership and skill of Lieutenant Perkins and Major John Mahony of the Westminsters, decorated with the Victoria Cross for his actions, held off repeated German counterattacks, in spite of heavy losses. Beyond the Melfa, terrain remained a problem, as did German resistance from Panther and Tiger tanks, but the Canadians - including many tank crews in combat for the first time - relentlessly pushed forward in fighting in which no quarter was granted. Suddenly, on 31 May, Allied high command ordered the Canadian armour to halt: The Americans paraded into Rome unopposed on 4 June, enraging the Canadians, who believed the Americans took undue credit for their accomplishments. The German Tenth Army escaped to fight again along the Gothic Line and, on 6 June, the Allies launched the D-Day landings in Normandy, rendering the Italian Campaign a sideshow. The term "D-Day Dodgers" soon entered the vernacular as an expression describing those serving in Italy after the Normandy invasion. Self-applied by Italian Campaign veterans, the sardonic term encapsulated the lack of attention paid to their contributions, including eleven months of combat from Sicily to the road to Rome before 6 June 1944. | | | |
| 8 | "Out of the Clouds - Paratroopers in Normandy" | Barry Stevens | 11 November 2012 |
| In Normandy, the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion proved itself to be in the vanguard of the best-trained and toughest units in the Allied forces. Established in 1942 - predominantly recruited from the cream of young and adventurous volunteers who boasted long experience in manual labour and contact sports - on the early morning of D-Day, 6 June 1944, the paratroopers, the only Canadian unit in the 6th British Airborne Division, were dropped behind enemy lines in Nazi-occupied France, equipped only with what they could carry. They fought surrounded by the enemy, with no guarantee that reinforcements would ever reach them. In spite of heavy casualties, they met all of their objectives and successfully held the eastern flank of the invasion, ensuring the Germans did not break through to counter-attack the Allied landing beaches. The paratroops were different, as their maroon berets, jump boots, and unique insignia testified. Out of the Clouds - the battalion's motto - follows a group of men from across Canada who innocently signed up for the most gruelling training program in the world. That innovative program emphasized independence, physical endurance, and realistic preparation for jumping into combat - with, unlike their brothers in the American paratroopers, no reserve parachute. The battalion's baptism of fire came the night before D-Day when American, British, and Canadian paratroopers jumped into Normandy, the first troops into occupied France. The Canadians' job: Protect the eastern flank of the coming amphibious landings and prevent the Germans from getting to the beaches. Things did not go as planned. In the darkness, confusion, and German anti-aircraft fire, the transport pilots widely scattered the paras beyond their intended drop zone outside the small Norman village of Varaville. Dozens of men drowned when they landed in flooded fields and it took the survivors hours to find their comrades. In spite of these difficulties, groups of paras banded together and carried out their objectives, destroying bridges over the Dives River at Varaville and Robehomme. After doing so, the paras moved to the vital Le Mesnil crossroads, where they dug in and stubbornly held the position under constant German fire. On 12 June, six days after D-Day, the paras, along with British troops who had reached their positions from Sword Beach, repulsed the most serious German counterstroke with the aid of naval artillery. In spite of their heavy losses - from 6 June through to September 1944, the battalion lost nearly two-thirds of its strength - their skill and limitless pride saw the paras through: They would soon be in action again. | | | |
| 9 | "Across the Rhine - Paratroopers in Germany" | Barry Stevens | 11 November 2012 |
| In mid-September 1944, the remnants of the battered 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion returned to England from Normandy. After their success on the continent, experiences detailed in Out of the Clouds: Paras in Normandy, the Canadian veterans felt they deserved a chance to rest and reorganize. However, their new commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Jeff Nicklin, a former star with the Western Canada Rugby Football Union's Winnipeg Blue Bombers, was a hard-driving disciplinarian. Worn down by a training regimen they regarded as punishing and unfair, the exhausted soldiers demonstrated their collective unhappiness with a three-day hunger strike. Their well-respected British Brigadier, James Hill, promptly straightened out the situation. Following an eventful interlude in Belgium and The Netherlands from 2 January to 23 February 1945 - making the battalion the only Canadian unit to fight in the Battle of the Bulge \- the paras prepared for the final push into Germany itself. By March 1945, the Nazis were reeling from combined Soviet and Western Allied offensives, but on the western front the Rhine River loomed as a daunting natural obstacle. On the morning of 24 March, the Allies launched the largest airborne operation in history, Varsity, with the Canadians dropping in the vicinity of Hamminkeln, Germany. The paras welcomed a daylight attack, even though this made them easy targets for Germans on the ground. Indeed, although they quickly met their objectives and took hundreds of German prisoners, Lieutenant-Colonel Nicklin was killed in action. The Canadians were then handpicked for an extraordinary operation - in the final days of the war, the Soviet Red Army's advance threatened to push all the way to Denmark, in spite of a prior agreement to the contrary. The paras raced to the Baltic Sea atop British tanks to stop their ostensible ally from seizing the port of Wismar. On the way, their route was clogged with small cells of Nazi fanatics who resisted to the end, armed German soldiers eager to surrender en masse, civilians desperate to escape the vengeful Soviets, and the emaciated survivors of Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp. On 2 May 1945, the Canadians reached Wismar, only two hours ahead of the Soviets, and promptly set up defensive positions. The initial contact proved extremely tense; any hot-headed move by either side could have started the Third World War. Thanks to a surfeit of resolve, careful diplomacy, Russian-speaking Canadian soldiers - and drinking - the paras settled things down. V-E Day, 8 May, brought celebratory swimming in the Baltic. On 21 June, the battalion returned to Canada, the first formed unit back from the fighting. Preparations soon began for the paras to take part in the war against Japan, but when that conflict ended in August, the men truly returned home, although they never forgot the pivotal role they played in Allied victory. | | | |
| 10 | "Vengeance: The Jewish Partisans' War" | Barry Stevens | 11 November 2012 |
| In 1941, life as the Jews of Eastern Poland knew it was brought to an abrupt and brutal end. Entire populations were wiped out, but nearly 30,000 Jews escaped the ghettos and work camps. Taking to the nearby forests, they joined the growing underground resistance army, actively fighting the Nazis. Vengeance reveals this little known chapter in history through four such partisans who tell their incredible stories of losing everything and fighting back. Norman, Sara, Faye and Eugene grew up close to the Russian border in villages across Poland and Lithuania, where Jews and gentiles lived side by side. Once Germany invaded Russia, however, neighbours turned into enemies, villages into ghettos. After being herded into the ghetto, Norman hid for an entire day in a hole left from an artillery shell. If he was going to die, he says, he wanted to die fighting. He made it to the woods, but never saw his family again. Faye, a photographer, was ordered by the ghetto commissar to develop photographs of mass graves containing the bodies of her entire family. She wanted revenge. There were over 100,000 partisans across 16 countries throughout Europe. Formed into brigades, they lived in shelters built of logs and branches. For food, medical supplies and ammunition, they launched raids on local villages or Nazi headquarters. Fear of discovery was constant and local collaborators were everywhere, but they persevered. In Vengeance, these partisans describe how they sabotaged Nazi missions, blew up railroad tracks, looked after one another and killed, proving that survival is the ultimate revenge. | | | |

### Season 2

| No. | Title | Directed by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Behind Enemy Lines" | Barry Stevens | 8 November 2013 |
| Members of the Belgian and French Resistance risk everything to help Canadian airmen evade Nazi capture. | | | |
| 2 | "Buchenwald Airmen" | Barry Stevens | 8 November 2013 |
| Allied airmen are shot down over occupied France, betrayed to the Nazis, and incarcerated in Buchenwald Concentration Camp. | | | |
| 3 | "Prisoners of the Sun" | Barry Stevens | 9 November 2013 |
| Canadian soldiers become prisoners of the Japanese after the fall of Hong Kong, but they never stop fighting. | | | |
| 4 | "Not One Step Back" | Barry Stevens | 9 November 2013 |
| Searing personal reflections of Germans and Soviets who fought at Stalingrad, the bloodiest battle in history. | | | |
| 5 | "Hell No, We Won't Go" | Barry Stevens | 10 November 2013 |
| American draft resisters who came to Canada during the Vietnam War reflect on their actions, and the consequences. | | | |
| 6 | "Next Stop Vietnam" | Barry Stevens | 10 November 2013 |
| Canadian combat veterans of the Vietnam War affirm their dramatic and virtually unknown experiences. | | | |
| 7 | "Peril on the Sea" | Barry Stevens | 11 November 2013 |
| Canadian sailors overcome inexperience, the elements, and German submarines to win the Battle of the Atlantic and keep the British Isles alive. | | | |
| 8 | "The Last Ship: The Sinking of the Esquimalt" | Barry Stevens | 11 November 2013 |
| HMCS Esquimalt is torpedoed off Halifax by a German submarine, leaving the survivors to the frigid waters of the North Atlantic. | | | |

### Season 3

| No. | Title | Directed by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Dieppe Survived" | Barry Stevens | 8 November 2014 |
| Canadian soldiers tell amazing stories of survival and POW ordeals after the disastrous 1942 Dieppe raid. | | | |
| 2 | "D-Day + One" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 9 November 2014 |
| The untold story of the day after D-Day when Canadian troops got furthest into France and had to defend the Allied invasion from a vicious German counterattack. | | | |
| 3 | "Whistle for a Tiffy" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 9 November 2014 |
| Canadian Typhoon pilots tell gripping stories of the rocket-firing "Tiffy," the iconic fighter-bomber credited with stopping the Nazis in Normandy. | | | |
| 4 | "Falaise: The Corridor of Death" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 10 November 2014 |
| Canadian soldiers have the pivotal job of closing the trap on a whole German army in Normandy, but the Falaise Gap proves to be a brutal battlefield. | | | |
| 5 | "Where Hell Is: The Leopold and Scheldt" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 10 November 2014 |
| Canadian soldiers run into a horrific killing zone in the Scheldt Estuary where the Germans have been ordered to fight to the death. | | | |
| 6 | "Liberation" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2014 |
| In Spring 1945, the long-suffering Dutch people \- including Jews in hiding - eagerly await their Canadian liberators \- but the Germans don't give up easily. | | | |

### Season 4

| No. | Title | Directed by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Going to War" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2015 |
|  | | | |
| 2 | "Cradle of the Taliban" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2015 |
|  | | | |
| 3 | "The White School" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2015 |
|  | | | |
| 4 | "Operation Medusa" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2015 |
|  | | | |
| 5 | "Hearts and Minds" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2015 |
|  | | | |
| 6 | "The Long Way Home" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2015 |
|  | | | |

### Season 5

| No. | Title | Directed by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "War Story: The Damage Done" | Barry Stevens & Nick Hector | 11 November 2016 |
|  |  |  |  |


title: Jokioinen Railway

abstract: The Jokioinen Railway located in Jokioinen, Finland, was opened for temporary traffic on December 9, 1898. On October 25 1899, the railway began permanent passenger and freight services. The Jokioinen Railway was the second privately owned narrow gauge railway opened for common carrier services in Finland. The railway ran from the Finnish State Railways Humppila station via Jokioinen to Forssa. The main-line length of the 750-millimetre gauge railway was 22.4 kilometres (13.9 mi). In Forssa an electric railway of Forssa Oy connected with the Jokioinen Railway.

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# Jokioinen Railway

The **Jokioinen Railway** (JR, Jokioisten rautatie, Jokioisten-Forssan rautatie) located in Jokioinen, Finland, was opened for temporary traffic on December 9, 1898. On October 25 1899, the railway began permanent passenger and freight services.

The Jokioinen Railway was the second privately owned narrow gauge railway opened for common carrier services in Finland. The railway ran from the Finnish State Railways Humppila station via Jokioinen to Forssa. The main-line length of the 750-millimetre (2 ft 6 in) gauge railway was 22.4 kilometres (13.9 mi). In Forssa an electric railway of Forssa Oy connected with the Jokioinen Railway.

## Motive power

The original motive power of the Jokioinen Railway was two American tank steam locomotives (Nos. 1 and 2) which were built in 1897 by H. K. Porter in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. These locomotives were in operation for over 50 years until 1948. In 1900, the Railway bought another American steam locomotive from the Baldwin Locomotive Works, and it was given number 3. This locomotive was soon found to be too heavy for the light 17 kg/m rails of the railway, and it was sold to Estonia. In 1922 the railway purchased a small tank locomotive made by Lokomo in Tampere, Finland; in 1937 it bought a large tank locomotive made by Henschel in Kassel, Germany. This locomotive had to be given to the Soviet Union as a penalty fee for late war reparation payments in 1945. To replace the Henschel lost to the Soviet Union, the railway ordered two new locomotives from S. A. Les Ateliers Métallurgiques Nivelles Division de Tubize in Belgium. These locomotives were delivered in 1947 and 1948 and given numbers 4 and 5.

During the 1950s and 1960s, the last years of the railway, trains were powered by a roster of four diesel locomotives. These locomotives were Move 21 models, manufactured by Valmet Airplane factory in Tampere, Finland. Originally, this type of locomotive was meant as a war payment to Soviet Union.

## Passenger traffic

Beginning in the 1930s, all passenger traffic on the Jokioinen Railway was carried in railcars. Two railcars ran on the Jokioinen Railway. The first railcar ran from 1930 to 1932 and the second ran from 1932 to 1942.

The railway had three passenger coaches. These coaches were built by Hietalahti Shipyard in Helsinki on top of frames and trucks manufactured by Leeds Forge Company in England.

## Freight traffic

The Jokioinen Railway had a total of about one hundred freight cars. Most of these were manufactured at the end of the 1800s in England and Finland and were in use throughout the time the railway operated, from 1898 to 1974. In 1960 more freight cars were bought from the Loviisa–Vesijärvi railway when it was re-gauged to broad gauge

Freight traffic was the principal traffic on the railway from the very beginning until its closure. Originally the railway was built to serve the needs of the expanding industries in Jokioinen and Forssa. The best year for freight traffic was 1940, during the short peace between the Winter War and the Continuation War, when a total of 90,000 tons of freight was carried on the Railway. The top year for passenger traffic was just after the Wars in 1945, when an annual total of 402,254 passengers was carried on the railway.

## Decline

In the 1940s, the Jokioinen Railway faced growing competition from increasing road traffic. The war had slowed this competition down, but within 10 years passenger traffic had ended. The last passenger trains were withdrawn in 1954 and the railway started to use highway buses for its passenger services.

Freight service continued for another 20 years. The Jokioinen Railway was able to stay competitive much longer than other narrow gauge railways in Finland because it used transporter wagons from the 1930s until end of services on the railway. With these pallet wagons, the broad (1,524 mm or 5 ft 0 in) gauge VR freight cars could be transported on the narrow gauge railway. This way the slow and expensive transfer of freight at Humppila station could be avoided.

By the end of the 1960s, however, the railway began to show signs of old age and wear. The track and the rolling stock were almost all more than 70 years old and large investments would have been needed to compete against the growing automobile and truck use, but the railway's owners were no longer willing to invest any more money in it.

The last revenue freight train of the Jokioinen Railway ran on March 31, 1974, from Humppila to Forssa. In the same year 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) of the railway between Forssa and Jokioinen was torn up and in 1975 the 8-kilometre (5.0 mi) line between Minkiö and Humppila was also lifted. Today the remaining 7-kilometre line Minkiö–Jokioinen and the rebuilt 8-kilometre line Minkiö–Humppila is operated by the Jokioinen Museum Railway.

Media related to Jokioinen–Forssa railway at Wikimedia Commons


title: Give It Up to Me

abstract: "Give It Up to Me" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira featuring American rapper Lil Wayne, taken from the US deluxe version of the former's eighth studio album She Wolf. It was released on 19 October 2009, by Epic Records as the second single from the album in the US and third overall. The song was written by Shakira, Amanda Ghost, Dwayne Carter and Timbaland. Timbaland also served as the producer of the song. Musically, "Give It Up to Me" is a synthpop and hip hop song that incorporates sexually suggestive lyrics. The song features uncredited vocals from Timbaland. Upon its release, the song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who appreciated its production and the collaboration with Lil Wayne and Timbaland. It peaked at number twenty-nine on the US Billboard Hot 100, and was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Elsewhere, the song attained moderate success in Australia, Canada, Russia, and South Korea. Its accompanying music video was directed by Sophie Muller and premiered on 17 November 2009. It received mixed reviews from critics, who were ambivalent towards its choreography and production.

text:
# Give It Up to Me

"**Give It Up to Me**" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira featuring American rapper Lil Wayne, taken from the US deluxe version of the former's eighth studio album *She Wolf*. It was released on 19 October 2009, by Epic Records as the second single from the album in the US and third overall. The song was written by Shakira, Amanda Ghost, Dwayne Carter and Timbaland. Timbaland also served as the producer of the song. Musically, "Give It Up to Me" is a synthpop and hip hop song that incorporates sexually suggestive lyrics. The song features uncredited vocals from Timbaland.

Upon its release, the song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who appreciated its production and the collaboration with Lil Wayne and Timbaland. It peaked at number twenty-nine on the US *Billboard* Hot 100, and was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Elsewhere, the song attained moderate success in Australia, Canada, Russia, and South Korea. Its accompanying music video was directed by Sophie Muller and premiered on 17 November 2009. It received mixed reviews from critics, who were ambivalent towards its choreography and production.

## Background and composition

"Give It Up to Me" was written by Shakira, Amanda Ghost, Lil Wayne, and Timbaland, and was produced by the latter. Timbaland, who produced "Give It Up to Me", initially planned to include the song on his third studio album *Shock Value II* (2009). He originally served as the featured vocalist, though his verse was replaced by Flo Rida, who himself was later substituted by Lil Wayne. Amanda Ghost, the president of Epic Records, noted that "everyone's breath was blown away" when Lil Wayne expressed interest in appearing on the track. The last-minute collaboration resulted in the delayed release of its parent album *She Wolf* in the United States. The decision resulted in the creation of a deluxe version of the album available exclusively in the country.

After the respective releases of "She Wolf" and "Did It Again" as the first and second singles from *She Wolf*, Shakira launched "Give It Up to Me" as the third single from the album. The track incorporates synthpop and hip hop influences with "hand claps" and a "pounding bass". It additionally displays sexually suggestive lyrics, including the lines "put me in a cage and lock me away/and I'll play the games that you want me to play" and "anything you want you can make it yours". The song is composed in the key of F minor with a tempo of 116 beats per minute.

## Reception

Upon its release, "Give It Up to Me" received generally favorable reviews from music critics. A reviewer from *Billboard* complimented the track for displaying Shakira's "signature beat" and her "quirky yet sensual" vocals. Sal Cinquemani from *Slant Magazine* noted her collaborations with Lil Wayne and Timbaland as an "increasingly cliché but not yet altogether ineffective move", but identified the song as being among the "best moments" showcased on the project. Similarly, Mario Tarradell from *The Dallas Morning News* recognized the recording as an "insanely catchy, robotic corker", elaborating that it and "She Wolf" were the most radio-friendly songs on the album. However, an editor from *The New York Times* provided an underwhelming review of the track, suggesting it would disappoint customers who had listened to the previous recording "Loba". In the United States, "Give It Up to Me" peaked at number twenty-nine on the *Billboard* Hot 100. It additionally reached number twenty-three on the Pop Songs component chart. It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for digital downloads of 500,000 copies. Internationally, the track achieved moderate commercial success. It reached number thirty-two on the Canadian Hot 100, and additionally peaked at number thirty-five on the Australian Singles Chart. It peaked at number 5 on the Deutsche Black Charts.

## Music video and promotion

The accompanying music video for "Give It Up to Me" was directed by Sophie Muller. On 13 November 2009, *People* provided an exclusive first look of the project. The full clip premiered the following day through Vevo. Throughout the clip, scenes of Shakira and Lil Wayne are interspersed between the choreography. It begins as the latter raps his verse, while the former begins her routine with a group of female dancers. During the bridge, Shakira portrays Senju Kannon, the goddess of 1,000 hands and is seen wearing a blue dress and a gold-colored spiked crown with the background of Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour. The video concludes as she continues to dance with the women.

James Montgomery from MTV News noted that it shared similarities with the music video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" by Beyoncé Knowles, highlighting a similar wardrobe and dance routine. He complimented the inclusion of Lil Wayne, and added that Shakira "really is a true original". A review from Neon Limelight was less complimentary of the clip, opining that the "switch from sexy Latin hip rolls to street stepper" was a sign of "desperation". They also noted similarities to the music video for "Promiscuous" by Nelly Furtado. Shakira additionally promoted the single through her performance at the American Music Awards of 2009. On 14 February 2010, Shakira performed "She Wolf" and "Give It Up to Me" at the 2010 NBA All-Star Game halftime-show.

## Track listings

* **Digital download**

1. "Give It Up to Me" featuring Lil Wayne – 3:03

* **European maxi single** / **Australia digital download bundle EP**

1. "Give It Up to Me" featuring Lil Wayne – 3:03
2. "Did It Again" featuring Kid Cudi (Benassi Remix) – 5:58
3. "Did It Again" featuring Kid Cudi (Superchumbo Remix) – 7:41

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Physical Singles Chart | 35 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 32 |
| Canada CHR/Top 40 (*Billboard*) | 17 |
| CIS (TopHit) | 190 |
| South Korea (Circle) | 39 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 29 |
| US Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 23 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 28 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 19 October 2009 | Mainstream and Rhythm Crossover radio | Epic Records |
| United States | 26 October 2009 | Digital download | |
| Australia | 29 January 2010 | CD single | Sony Music Australia |

## InfoBox

| "Give It Up to Me" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Shakira featuring Lil Wayne | |
| from the album  *She Wolf* | |
| B-side | "Did It Again" |
| Released | 19 October 2009 (2009-10-19) |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:03 |
| Label | Epic |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Shakira singles chronology | |
| "Did It Again"
(2009) "**Give It Up to Me**"
(2009) "Gypsy"
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Lil Wayne singles chronology | |
| "I Can Transform Ya"
(2009) "**Give It Up to Me**"
(2009) "On Fire"
(2009) | |
| Music video | |
| "Give It Up To Me" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Oreokera

abstract: Oreokera is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea.

text:
# Oreokera

***Oreokera*** is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

## Species

Species within the genus *Oreokera* include:

## InfoBox

| *Oreokera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Charopidae |
| Genus: | *Oreokera*<br>Iredale, 1933 |
|


title: Rafael Ferrando

abstract: Rafael Ferrando is a Spanish astronomer, credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of numerous minor planets between 2001 and 2010. The main-belt asteroid 161545 Ferrando, discovered by Juan Lacruz, was named after him on 24 November 2007.

text:
# Rafael Ferrando

Minor planets discovered: 204
| *see § List of discovered minor planets* |
| --- |

**Rafael Ferrando** (born 1966) is a Spanish astronomer, credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of numerous minor planets between 2001 and 2010.

The main-belt asteroid 161545 Ferrando, discovered by Juan Lacruz, was named after him on 24 November 2007 (M.P.C. 61270).

## List of discovered minor planets

| 34854 Paquifrutos | 13 October 2001 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 64553 Segorbe | 24 November 2001 | list |
| 72827 Maxaub | 23 April 2001 | list |
| 78071 Vicent | 1 June 2002 | list |
| 88470 Joaquinescrig | 26 August 2001 | list |
| 90140 Gómezdonet | 28 December 2002 | list |
| 90414 Karpov | 19 December 2003 | list |
| 107223 Ripero | 21 January 2001 | list |
| 108113 Maza | 14 April 2001 | list |
| 109097 Hamuy | 19 August 2001 | list |
| 112656 Gines | 12 August 2002 | list |
| 113388 Davidmartinez | 28 September 2002 | list |
| 117406 Blasgámez | 7 January 2005 | list |
| 125476 Frangarcia | 27 November 2001 | list |
| (128461) 2004 OA | 16 July 2004 | list |
| 128474 Arbacia | 7 August 2004 | list |
| (132946) 2002 TG59 | 4 October 2002 | list |
| (135834) 2002 SO | 21 September 2002 | list |
| (141434) 2002 CP14 | 9 February 2002 | list |
| (146878) 2002 CN1 | 2 February 2002 | list |
| (149691) 2004 HN | 18 April 2004 | list |
| (154813) 2004 QA | 16 August 2004 | list |
| (156977) 2003 JV10 | 1 May 2003 | list |
| (169875) 2002 RF118 | 7 September 2002 | list |
| (175356) 2005 QK | 24 August 2005 | list |

| (178943) 2001 QA111 | 25 August 2001 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (181056) 2005 PX17 | 11 August 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (181596) 2006 WJ2 | 18 November 2006 | list |
| (183154) 2002 SK1 | 26 September 2002 | list |
| (184999) 2006 PD | 2 August 2006 | list |
| (186938) 2004 QS | 18 August 2004 | list |
| (186939) 2004 QK1 | 19 August 2004 | list |
| (188890) 2006 XQ | 9 December 2006 | list |
| (190124) 2004 XR16 | 10 December 2004 | list |
| (198333) 2004 UA | 16 October 2004 | list |
| (200027) 2007 PM27 | 14 August 2007 | list |
| (208999) 2003 BC1 | 24 January 2003 | list |
| (212766) 2007 TK66 | 8 October 2007 | list |
| (214693) 2006 SX282 | 25 September 2006 | list |
| (216074) 2006 QE36 | 21 August 2006 | list |
| (221909) 2008 QY14 | 24 August 2008 | list |
| (224842) 2006 XN18 | 10 December 2006 | list |
| (228006) 2007 RL6 | 3 September 2007 | list |
| (233951) 2009 XJ | 7 December 2009 | list |
| (236668) 2006 PJ | 3 August 2006 | list |
| (236892) 2007 TJ7 | 7 October 2007 | list |
| (237261) 2008 WN94 | 28 November 2008 | list |
| (239286) 2007 PF11 | 13 August 2007 | list |
| (240771) 2005 PY17 | 12 August 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (241022) 2006 QL31 | 22 August 2006 | list |

| (243266) 2008 AW | 4 January 2008 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (245882) 2006 QJ36 | 23 August 2006 | list |
| (245889) 2006 QH57 | 25 August 2006 | list |
| (246629) 2008 WP94 | 28 November 2008 | list |
| (246741) 2009 BF78 | 29 January 2009 | list |
| (248708) 2006 OK9 | 23 July 2006 | list |
| (249018) 2007 RF139 | 15 September 2007 | list |
| (251003) 2006 PB | 1 August 2006 | list |
| (251265) 2006 WE1 | 17 November 2006 | list |
| (256341) 2006 XO31 | 10 December 2006 | list |
| (261977) 2006 QV10 | 20 August 2006 | list |
| (262702) 2006 XS | 10 December 2006 | list |
| (263252) 2008 BL2 | 19 January 2008 | list |
| (266227) 2006 XR | 9 December 2006 | list |
| (266618) 2008 PF4 | 3 August 2008 | list |
| (268881) 2007 BY2 | 20 January 2007 | list |
| (269218) 2008 NP1 | 5 July 2008 | list |
| (269228) 2008 PT15 | 11 August 2008 | list |
| (269249) 2008 QO24 | 29 August 2008 | list |
| (269330) 2008 TU1 | 2 October 2008 | list |
| (272184) 2005 PZ17 | 12 August 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (273484) 2006 YQ49 | 29 December 2006 | list |
| (274238) 2008 NF1 | 3 July 2008 | list |
| (274271) 2008 PZ11 | 10 August 2008 | list |
| (274272) 2008 PC12 | 10 August 2008 | list |

| (274295) 2008 QN18 | 28 August 2008 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (275239) 2009 XH | 6 December 2009 | list |
| (277533) 2005 YZ3 | 22 December 2005 | list |
| (278363) 2007 KE2 | 18 May 2007 | list |
| (278406) 2007 RV6 | 6 September 2007 | list |
| (281071) 2006 PM | 6 August 2006 | list |
| (281266) 2007 QF2 | 20 August 2007 | list |
| (281887) 2010 LR1 | 5 June 2010 | list |
| (283034) 2007 XG15 | 7 December 2007 | list |
| (283060) 2008 QF3 | 25 August 2008 | list |
| (284308) 2006 QG33 | 24 August 2006 | list |
| (288692) 2004 QJ1 | 19 August 2004 | list |
| (289124) 2004 UE1 | 17 October 2004 | list |
| (291012) 2005 YA4 | 22 December 2005 | list |
| (291850) 2006 OV4 | 22 July 2006 | list |
| (291861) 2006 PG | 2 August 2006 | list |
| (293645) 2007 PE | 4 August 2007 | list |
| (293652) 2007 PK9 | 12 August 2007 | list |
| (293929) 2007 TB4 | 6 October 2007 | list |
| (294512) 2007 XS10 | 5 December 2007 | list |
| (294698) 2008 BJ2 | 18 January 2008 | list |
| (295475) 2008 QM18 | 28 August 2008 | list |
| (295907) 2008 WK94 | 27 November 2008 | list |
| (297720) 2001 WS15 | 25 November 2001 | list |
| (299293) 2005 QJ | 23 August 2005 | list |

| (300290) 2007 PL1 | 5 August 2007 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (300425) 2007 TA4 | 5 October 2007 | list |
| (301121) 2008 WE59 | 22 November 2008 | list |
| (301268) 2009 BK83 | 29 January 2009 | list |
| (303711) 2005 PW17 | 11 August 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (304159) 2006 PF | 2 August 2006 | list |
| (304822) 2007 RU | 2 September 2007 | list |
| (304941) 2007 TC4 | 6 October 2007 | list |
| (305089) 2007 VO2 | 2 November 2007 | list |
| (305221) 2007 XZ | 1 December 2007 | list |
| (309209) 2007 HN15 | 19 April 2007 | list |
| (309916) 2009 FQ14 | 20 March 2009 | list |
| (312223) 2007 WK55 | 30 November 2007 | list |
| (312226) 2007 XR10 | 5 December 2007 | list |
| (319463) 2006 OW6 | 24 July 2006 | list |
| (320628) 2008 CB69 | 7 February 2008 | list |
| (321027) 2008 NR1 | 6 July 2008 | list |
| (322540) 2011 YR29 | 15 September 2007 | list |
| (324334) 2006 PO | 5 August 2006 | list |
| (324350) 2006 QZ33 | 24 August 2006 | list |
| (324863) 2007 TC6 | 6 October 2007 | list |
| (324935) 2007 XC21 | 13 December 2007 | list |
| (327286) 2005 TQ46 | 1 October 2005 | list |
| (328128) 2008 BN2 | 19 January 2008 | list |
| (330379) 2006 XU | 10 December 2006 | list |

| (332379) 2007 FJ18 | 23 March 2007 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (333740) 2009 XB | 5 December 2009 | list |
| (335029) 2004 QU | 18 August 2004 | list |
| (336154) 2008 RL1 | 3 September 2008 | list |
| (336301) 2008 TV1 | 2 October 2008 | list |
| (339351) 2005 AH10 | 8 January 2005 | list |
| (339623) 2005 PA18 | 12 August 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (340307) 2006 DJ | 17 February 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (340855) 2007 AB8 | 11 January 2007 | list |
| (341625) 2007 VK1 | 2 November 2007 | list |
| (341828) 2008 BK2 | 18 January 2008 | list |
| (341952) 2008 PY11 | 10 August 2008 | list |
| (341953) 2008 PU15 | 11 August 2008 | list |
| (345960) 2007 TO3 | 5 October 2007 | list |
| (347920) 2003 BX46 | 24 January 2003 | list |
| (349328) 2007 VJ1 | 1 November 2007 | list |
| (349670) 2008 WF59 | 22 November 2008 | list |
| (350324) 2012 UW74 | 12 December 2009 | list |
| (352505) 2008 CA69 | 7 February 2008 | list |
| (355007) 2006 QP31 | 23 August 2006 | list |
| (355630) 2008 EB | 1 March 2008 | list |
| (355632) 2008 ES8 | 6 March 2008 | list |
| (355753) 2008 PB18 | 13 August 2008 | list |
| (359132) 2009 BN78 | 30 January 2009 | list |
| (360738) 2004 UD1 | 16 October 2004 | list |

| (361096) 2006 DW14 | 18 February 2006 | list\[A\] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (361521) 2007 FG20 | 25 March 2007 | list |
| (361734) 2007 XQ10 | 5 December 2007 | list |
| (362242) 2009 KB8 | 28 May 2009 | list |
| (363403) 2003 OY7 | 26 July 2003 | list |
| (365018) 2008 PS15 | 11 August 2008 | list |
| (367080) 2006 QV4 | 19 August 2006 | list |
| (371751) 2007 FX1 | 18 March 2007 | list |
| (372034) 2008 RR22 | 5 September 2008 | list |
| (372385) 2009 QY9 | 22 August 2009 | list |
| (372533) 2009 TZ | 10 October 2009 | list |
| (375202) 2008 EE90 | 13 March 2008 | list |
| (376493) 2012 KG15 | 17 September 2004 | list |
| 376574 Michalkusiak | 19 January 2007 | list |
| (377473) 2005 AQ | 6 January 2005 | list |
| (378003) 2006 SW | 17 September 2006 | list |
| (378205) 2006 YP49 | 28 December 2006 | list |
| (378211) 2007 AK9 | 13 January 2007 | list |
| (378463) 2007 TN7 | 7 October 2007 | list |
| (379430) 2010 CF18 | 12 February 2010 | list |
| (388617) 2007 TO7 | 7 October 2007 | list |
| (388759) 2007 XD21 | 13 December 2007 | list |
| (388870) 2008 RN | 2 September 2008 | list |
| (392311) 2010 DH12 | 19 February 2010 | list |
| (394432) 2007 NC | 6 July 2007 | list |

| (395142) 2010 CG | 6 February 2010 | list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (400244) 2007 PD11 | 12 August 2007 | list |
| (402373) 2005 XG4 | 3 December 2005 | list |
| (405565) 2005 QF11 | 27 August 2005 | list |
| (406389) 2007 TZ3 | 5 October 2007 | list |
| (416105) 2002 PA112 | 14 August 2002 | list |
| (418425) 2008 OR | 25 July 2008 | list |
| (424266) 2007 TW3 | 5 October 2007 | list |
| (424892) 2008 WH33 | 21 November 2008 | list |
| (429063) 2009 FK4 | 18 March 2009 | list |
| (431796) 2008 QR18 | 29 August 2008 | list |
| (432186) 2009 DH4 | 20 February 2009 | list |
| (438495) 2007 OY7 | 28 July 2007 | list |
| (444629) 2006 WD30 | 18 November 2006 | list |
| (452952) 2007 AC | 6 January 2007 | list |
| (457707) 2009 FJ14 | 19 March 2009 | list |
| (462078) 2007 FS4 | 18 March 2007 | list |
| (465208) 2007 PS28 | 15 August 2007 | list |
| (475426) 2006 PH | 2 August 2006 | list |
| (475985) 2007 PR27 | 14 August 2007 | list |
| (483650) 2005 AG10 | 7 January 2005 | list |
| (484431) 2008 AP29 | 12 January 2008 | list |
| (523621) 2007 TK8 | 7 October 2007 | list |
| (528694) 2008 YU | 20 December 2008 | list |
| (541553) 2011 SC94 | 3 September 2007 | list\[A\] |

| 542926 Manteca | 4 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (543371) 2014 BZ50 | 25 January 2003 | list |
| (543627) 2014 OD125 | 7 October 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (544535) 2014 WY66 | 6 November 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (545547) 2011 QX2 | 20 August 2011 | list\[A\] |
| (546273) 2010 UY81 | 16 October 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (546976) 2010 CF12 | 12 February 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (547169) 2010 EM42 | 14 March 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (548757) 2010 VB92 | 4 November 2010 | list\[A\] |
| 551233 Miguelanton | 23 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| 552888 Felixrodriguez | 5 November 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (559199) 2015 BQ537 | 18 March 2009 | list\[B\] |
| (565736) 2017 FH96 | 3 January 2004 | list |
| (566724) 2018 UH8 | 23 October 2004 | list |
| (569641) 2005 VZ2 | 6 November 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (570579) 2006 TV9 | 13 October 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (571424) 2007 PH11 | 12 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (571431) 2007 QG2 | 20 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (571533) 2007 TH7 | 7 October 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (574022) 2009 XG20 | 12 December 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (575253) 2011 QV2 | 20 August 2011 | list\[A\] |
| (576549) 2012 TC109 | 3 September 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (587651) 2006 QX4 | 19 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (593034) 2015 FG258 | 13 November 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (595913) 2004 PN97 | 15 August 2004 | list |

| (596297) 2005 PQ18 | 14 August 2005 | list\[A\] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (596587) 2005 XH66 | 27 November 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (596639) 2005 YJ181 | 23 December 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (597146) 2006 TD10 | 13 October 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (597546) 2007 NB | 6 July 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (598351) 2008 PE4 | 3 August 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (601991) 2014 AQ21 | 6 November 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (607080) 1998 FS149 | 13 March 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (610982) 2006 PQ | 6 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (611544) 2006 YM2 | 16 December 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (613750) 2007 HD5 | 19 April 2007 | list |
| (613767) 2007 PQ27 | 14 August 2007 | list |
| (617522) 2005 RW | 3 September 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (620784) 2006 PN | 4 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (621120) 2007 TE277 | 9 September 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (622405) 2013 TM36 | 11 October 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (624002) 2001 FL198 | 7 October 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (625721) 2006 QX10 | 20 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (625793) 2006 SS37 | 17 September 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (630751) 2006 OT5 | 23 July 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (633774) 2009 XE20 | 12 December 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (634891) 2012 TG101 | 9 October 2012 | list\[A\] |
| (635244) 2013 CE142 | 18 January 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (643703) 2006 QC6 | 19 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (643704) 2006 QD6 | 20 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
|

| (644855) 2006 YR49 | 29 December 2006 | list\[A\] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (645330) 2007 PG11 | 13 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (646601) 2008 EG90 | 9 March 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (647708) 2008 WG33 | 21 November 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (648957) 2010 TQ11 | 2 October 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (650684) 2012 TB101 | 8 October 2012 | list\[A\] |
| (658486) 2017 RA106 | 11 October 2012 | list\[A\] |
| (661868) 2005 RS9 | 4 September 2005 | list\[A\] |
| (662612) 2006 OR14 | 26 July 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (662622) 2006 QV | 7 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (662623) 2006 QW4 | 19 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (662625) 2006 QY10 | 21 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (663489) 2007 RT | 24 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (663606) 2007 TX3 | 5 October 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (666331) 2010 EL42 | 13 March 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (669147) 2012 TX118 | 9 September 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (673130) 2015 BO35 | 11 December 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (675507) 2015 XN171 | 6 November 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (675591) 2015 XA329 | 25 October 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (682376) 2006 QM40 | 25 August 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (682702) 2006 XT | 10 December 2006 | list\[A\] |
| (683131) 2007 PL9 | 12 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (684192) 2008 PX11 | 10 August 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (685122) 2009 FR29 | 20 March 2009 | list |
| (702622) 2006 QZ5 | 19 August 2006 | list\[A\] |

| (703361) 2007 QR2 | 21 August 2007 | list\[A\] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (703595) 2007 TY168 | 9 September 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (704166) 2008 CR | 2 February 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (704518) 2008 QC19 | 29 August 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (705847) 2009 SN78 | 24 October 2004 | list |
| (711407) 2014 OG123 | 20 January 2007 | list\[A\] |
| (713498) 2015 CT46 | 12 August 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (725488) 2008 YC66 | 25 December 2008 | list\[A\] |
| (726807) 2010 CF | 6 February 2010 | list\[A\] |
| (729135) 2011 BY80 | 6 November 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (731644) 2013 ND25 | 6 November 2009 | list\[A\] |
| (739087) 2017 FT45 | 24 February 2012 | list\[A\] |
| (739358) 2017 QW | 8 October 2012 | list\[A\] |
| **Co-discovery** made with:
A  M. Ferrando
B  C. Segarra | | |


title: Village Radio 1XT

abstract:
Village Radio 1XT is a radio station on 1368 kHz AM in the Historic Village, 17th Avenue West, Tauranga, New Zealand which only plays the music of the 20s to 90s, weekdays 8am to 5pm and every weekend. This includes "Specialised" broadcast programs from 4pm to 5pm weekdays covering different genres. Tauranga Village Radio was opened on 13 April 1984 to commemorate the 21st Anniversary of the City of Tauranga. The equipment was originally from Radio 1ZD, Tauranga, when it became surplus with their shift to a new location. The transmitter, loaned to the station from Radio New Zealand was the original 1ZB transmitter when it broadcast from Waterview, Auckland, New Zealand. The announcers, technicians and support staff at Village Radio are all volunteers. The current station manager is George Stewart. Each announcer prepares his or her own programme, based on the easy listening format of the 1950s to the 1990s, from recordings stored at Tauranga Village Radio. The record library is extensive with some 120,000 plus tracks of music, 50,000 titles and over 15,000 artists. The tracks are made up of LPs, 45s, 78s and CDs from the 1920s to the 1990s. The station use to only broadcast on Sundays and public holidays, then in 2004 weekday broadcasts began. A new announcer operated studio was established to save wear and tear on the older control desk which uses valves which are hard to come-by and expensive. Tauranga Village Radio Museum Incorporated is always on the lookout for new volunteers to help with announcing, panel work, technical support and the general running of the station. Taurang Village Radio made history in January 2013 by transmitting on equipment designed and built almost 80 years ago. After gathering dust and out of action for 13 years with a burnt out high voltage transformer, the old Collins one kilowatt transmitter had been repaired and tested. George Stewart is one of three former radio technicians who repaired the transmitter. Russ Bain and Neil Walsh worked with George to get the transmitter up and running. It was originally one of four transmitters purchased in 1937 by the National - Commercial Broadcasting Service for use by the four ZB Stations. This one was the original 1ZB Radio Station for Auckland. When more modern transmitters were installed, the little Collins was installed at Paengaroa (NZ) Transmitting station, near Te Puke, N.Z. as an emergency back-up for 1ZD Tauranga, which began broadcasts in 1961. It was then installed at Village Radio in 1984. At the time, in 1937, these Collins Transmitters were regarded by radio engineers as the ‘Rolls-Royce’ of broadcasting, with very low distortion and a near perfect flat frequency response. They were considered superior to equipment made in Australia. Considering its age, it is in quite remarkable condition and still puts out 900 watts of aerial power, as designed. It is thanks to a grant from the Lotteries Commission (NZ) and the expertise of a team from a Judea transformer rewinding business that the transmitter had been able to get back in operation. The station installed a brand new Nautel J1000 solid-state transmitter in June 2017 to be used on a daily basis. This was done to increase reliability and take the pressure off the 1 kW tube-based Toshiba which is now used as a back-up.
The Toshiba is the only one of its kind known to be working in the world. Village Radio has been unable to track down any others still in operation. It is not clear what happened to the other three transmitters installed in New Zealand.
The Collins 20C has been preserved and is only powered up on special occasions. Village Radio is non-commercial and its income is derived from donations and sponsored time. Listeners may support the station by making a donation of their choice, picking out 20 tunes which will be broadcast and they also become a Friend of Village Radio entitling them to participate in functions organised by the Volunteers.

text:
# Village Radio 1XT

**Village Radio 1XT** is a radio station on 1368 kHz AM in the Historic Village, 17th Avenue West, Tauranga, New Zealand which only plays the music of the 20s to 90s, weekdays 8am to 5pm and every weekend. This includes "Specialised" broadcast programs from 4pm to 5pm weekdays covering different genres. Tauranga Village Radio was opened on 13 April 1984 to commemorate the 21st Anniversary of the City of Tauranga.

The equipment was originally from Radio 1ZD, Tauranga, when it became surplus with their shift to a new location. The transmitter, loaned to the station from Radio New Zealand was the original 1ZB transmitter when it broadcast from Waterview, Auckland, New Zealand.

The announcers, technicians and support staff at Village Radio are all volunteers. The current station manager is George Stewart. Each announcer prepares his or her own programme, based on the easy listening format of the 1950s to the 1990s, from recordings stored at Tauranga Village Radio. The record library is extensive with some 120,000 plus tracks of music, 50,000 titles and over 15,000 artists. The tracks are made up of LPs, 45s, 78s and CDs from the 1920s to the 1990s.

The station use to only broadcast on Sundays and public holidays, then in 2004 weekday broadcasts began. A new announcer operated studio was established to save wear and tear on the older control desk (vintage 1953) which uses valves which are hard to come-by and expensive.

Tauranga Village Radio Museum Incorporated is always on the lookout for new volunteers to help with announcing, panel work, technical support and the general running of the station.

Taurang Village Radio made history in January 2013 by transmitting on equipment designed and built almost 80 years ago. After gathering dust and out of action for 13 years with a burnt out high voltage transformer, the old Collins one kilowatt transmitter had been repaired and tested. George Stewart is one of three former radio technicians who repaired the transmitter. Russ Bain and Neil Walsh worked with George to get the transmitter up and running. It was originally one of four transmitters purchased in 1937 by the National - Commercial Broadcasting Service for use by the four ZB Stations. This one was the original 1ZB Radio Station for Auckland.

When more modern transmitters were installed, the little Collins was installed at Paengaroa (NZ) Transmitting station, near Te Puke, N.Z. as an emergency back-up for 1ZD Tauranga, which began broadcasts in 1961. It was then installed at Village Radio in 1984. At the time, in 1937, these Collins Transmitters were regarded by radio engineers as the ‘Rolls-Royce’ of broadcasting, with very low distortion and a near perfect flat frequency response. They were considered superior to equipment made in Australia. Considering its age, it is in quite remarkable condition and still puts out 900 watts of aerial power, as designed.

It is thanks to a grant from the Lotteries Commission (NZ) and the expertise of a team from a Judea transformer rewinding business that the transmitter had been able to get back in operation. The station installed a brand new Nautel J1000 solid-state transmitter in June 2017 to be used on a daily basis. This was done to increase reliability and take the pressure off the 1 kW tube-based Toshiba which is now used as a back-up. The Toshiba is the only one of its kind known to be working in the world. Village Radio has been unable to track down any others still in operation. It is not clear what happened to the other three transmitters installed in New Zealand. The Collins 20C has been preserved and is only powered up on special occasions.

Village Radio is non-commercial and its income is derived from donations and sponsored time. Listeners may support the station by making a donation of their choice, picking out 20 tunes which will be broadcast and they also become a Friend of Village Radio entitling them to participate in functions organised by the Volunteers.

## InfoBox

Village Radio 1XT
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Historic Village |
| Frequency | 1368 kHz |
| Branding | Village Radio |
| History | |
| First air date | 13 April 1984 |
| Technical information | |
| Power | 900 watts |
| Links | |
| Website | villageradio.co.nz |


title: Ice hockey in Tennessee

abstract: Tennessee has seen slow but steady growth with ice hockey since the late 1990s. Since the arrival of the Nashville Predators, the sport has grown in the Volunteer State far faster than most other southern states.

text:
# Ice hockey in Tennessee

**Tennessee** has seen slow but steady growth with ice hockey since the late 1990s. Since the arrival of the Nashville Predators, the sport has grown in the Volunteer State far faster than most other southern states.

## History

Beginning in the mid 60s, Tennessee was the target for expansion with minor professional ice hockey teams. The three largest cities in the state, Knoxville, Memphis and Nashville all received teams during this time. There was some mild success on the ice but none of the teams were able to capture the public interest and all were gone within a decade. Other then an abortive attempt in the early 1980s, the state remained without an established team for over 15 years.

A second concerted effort brought the sport back to the Volunteer State in the form of the Knoxville Cherokees. The team had four winning seasons in nine years and never made it past the first round of the playoffs, however, the Cherokees were still able to bring in crowds of increasing size. By 1997 the average attendance had risen from about 2,100 per game to nearly 3,500 and was continuing to trend upwards. Though the team moved to Florida in 1997, their box office success helped to bring two other teams to the state. The Memphis RiverKings arrived with great fanfare in 1992, drawing crowds of more than 5,000 for their first two years. Afterwards, the attendance figures steadily declined over time but remained strong enough for the team to stick around for 15 years. In that time, Memphis was a pair of league championships before moving just across the border to Southaven, Mississippi.

In 1989, the Nashville Knights had a strong start just like the RiverKings, however, their attendance declined at a much quicker rate. The team survived for seven seasons before relocating to Florida. Not willing to give up on the market, a CHL team began in 1996. The Nashville Ice Flyers / Nighthawks saw modest attendance figures for their two years of existence but the team was playing on borrowed time as plans to begin the Nashville Predators had kicked off in early 1997.

Upon their arrival, the Predators were one of several new teams in the south, along with the Carolina Hurricanes, Florida Panthers, Dallas Stars and Tampa Bay Lightning. However, the team was unable to form any rivalry with their southern counterparts as the team was placed in a division with Chicago, Detroit and St. Louis. The team also failed to make the postseason for the first five years and, while that wasn't entirely unexpected, it did nothing to help the growth of the sport in the region. Nashville made its first postseason appearance in 2004 but then saw any gains they had made be washed away by the NHL lockout. Nashville began to see much greater success after 2005 and finished with a winning record for seven consecutive seasons. After the arrival of P. K. Subban in 2016, Nashville made its first trip to the Stanley Cup Finals and followed that up by winning the Presidents' Trophy the next season. Aside from his prowess on the ice, Subban was also important for be the first black leader for the franchise and sell itself to the sizable minority community in the state.

Throughout its history, Tennessee had never been home to a single college ice hockey program but that changed in 2023. Tennessee State announced that it was starting a club ice hockey team in 2024 and would hope to promote it to varsity status in the near future. While those plans in an of themselves weren't unique, Tennessee State is a HBCU and would be the first of its kind in the nation to ice a team. Additionally, Tennessee State would be just the second college in the south to support a varsity program if their plans come to fruition, with the only other previous team being Alabama–Huntsville.

## Teams

### Professional

#### Active

| Team | City | League | Arena | Founded |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Nashville Predators** | Nashville | NHL | Bridgestone Arena | 1998 |
| **Knoxville Ice Bears** | Knoxville | SPHL | Knoxville Civic Coliseum | 2002 |

#### Inactive

| Team | City | League | Years Active | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Knoxville Knights** | Knoxville | EHL | 1961–1968 | Defunct |
| **Nashville Dixie Flyers** | Nashville | EHL | 1962–1971 | Defunct |
| **Memphis Wings** | Memphis | CPHL | 1964–1967 | Fort Worth Wings |
| **Memphis South Stars** | Memphis | CPHL | 1967–1969 | Iowa Stars |
| **Nashville South Stars** | Nashville | CHL
ACHL | 1981–1982
1982–1983 | Virginia Lancers |
| **Knoxville Cherokees** | Knoxville | ECHL | 1988–1997 | Pee Dee Pride |
| **Nashville Knights** | Nashville | ECHL | 1989–1996 | Pensacola Ice Pilots |
| **Memphis RiverKings** | Memphis | CHL | 1992–2007 | Mississippi RiverKings |
| **Nashville Ice Flyers / Nighthawks** | Nashville | CHL | 1996–1998 | Defunct |
| **Knoxville Speed** | Knoxville | UHL | 1999–2002 | Defunct |

### Junior

#### Inactive

| Team | City | League | Years Active | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Nashville Junior Predators** | Nashville | NA3HL | 2014–2018 | Defunct |

† Relocated from elsewhere.

### Timeline

**Active**     **Active (out of state)**

## Players

MemphisBrentwoodclass=notpageimage|location of cities

Due in no small part to the dearth of junior hockey in the state, Tennessee has produced very few home grown players. However, the state has seen an increase in the number of players with Tennessee falling in the middle third in the nation with just under 5,000 residents registered with USA Hockey in 2022. By percentage, that accounts for approximately 0.07% of the population, or about 1 in every 1,400 people.

### Notable players by city

#### Memphis

#### Brentwood

† relocated from elsewhere.

## InfoBox

| Ice hockey in Tennessee | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Tennessee | |
| Country | United States |
| Governing body | USA Hockey |
| National team(s) | Men's national team
Women's national team |
| First played | 1961 |
| Club competitions | |
| List * NHL (major professional)
SPHL (minor professional) | |


title: Hepstedt

abstract: Hepstedt is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Hepstedt belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712-1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeral Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Hepstedt, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

text:
# Hepstedt

**Hepstedt** is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Hepstedt belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712-1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeral Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Hepstedt, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

1. "LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022" (in German). Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen.

## InfoBox

| Hepstedt | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Hepstedt within Rotenburg (Wümme) district | |
| Hepstedt Hepstedt | |
| Coordinates: 53°15′34″N 09°05′22″E / 53.25944°N 9.08944°E / 53.25944; 9.08944 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Rotenburg (Wümme) |
| Municipal assoc. | Tarmstedt |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Werner Meyer |
| Area | |
| Total | 29.95 km2 (11.56 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 30 m (100 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,032 |
| Density | 34/km2 (89/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 27412 |
| Dialling codes | 04283, 04289 |
| Vehicle registration | ROW |
| Website | www.tarmstedt.de |


title: Inermocoelotes xinpingwangi

abstract: Inermocoelotes xinpingwangi is a funnel-web spider species found in Bulgaria.

text:
# Inermocoelotes xinpingwangi

***Inermocoelotes xinpingwangi*** is a funnel-web spider species found in Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| *Inermocoelotes xinpingwangi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Agelenidae |
| Genus: | *Inermocoelotes* |
| Species: | ***I. xinpingwangi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Inermocoelotes xinpingwangi***<br>(Deltshev, 2009) | |
|


title: The Lookie Loos

abstract: The Lookie Loos are a New Zealand rock band formed in 2005 at the Waikato Institute of Technology in Hamilton. The two founding members, guitarist & vocalist Tim Steers and bassist Alex Mustard, met while studying. Steers moved from the U.K. to study music in New Zealand and Mustard came from Waihi to study sports. The first full line up of the Lookie Loos saw the addition of American drummer Joe Gruber. The three-piece began playing live in Auckland and Hamilton in as many venues as they could find. After recording some demos and playing live for six months, the band was due to release an EP towards the end of 2006, but were delayed by the news that their drummer had to return to the U.S. At the start of 2007, the band continued to work on the EP while trying to find new members of the band. The addition of lead guitarist Daniel Reese and drummer William Page made the band a four-piece. After some time working on the sound of the band and re-arranging the songs to fit the new lineup, the band began playing live once again. They continued touring, playing with groups such as The Coshercot Honeys, Fighting the Shakes and The Veils. The Lookie Loos stopped all shows once again when bassist Alex Mustard suffered a severe injury to his left hand. After a short hiatus, the band resumed performing with the help of Adam Page, bassist for Sunny Tokyo, to play in Mustard's absence. Mustard eventually returned in time for the release of their EP. The Lookie Loos wrote, recorded and engineered their debut EP, Timing Is Everything over a 3-month period at the Waikato Institute of Technology. They have since gone on to play at The Big Day Out in 2008 and have become known for their British-influenced pop rock.

text:
# The Lookie Loos

**The Lookie Loos** are a New Zealand rock band formed in 2005 at the Waikato Institute of Technology in Hamilton.

The two founding members, guitarist & vocalist Tim Steers and bassist Alex Mustard, met while studying. Steers moved from the U.K. to study music in New Zealand and Mustard came from Waihi to study sports.

The first full line up of the Lookie Loos saw the addition of American drummer Joe Gruber. The three-piece began playing live in Auckland and Hamilton in as many venues as they could find. After recording some demos and playing live for six months, the band was due to release an EP towards the end of 2006, but were delayed by the news that their drummer had to return to the U.S.

At the start of 2007, the band continued to work on the EP while trying to find new members of the band. The addition of lead guitarist Daniel Reese and drummer William Page made the band a four-piece. After some time working on the sound of the band and re-arranging the songs to fit the new lineup, the band began playing live once again. They continued touring, playing with groups such as The Coshercot Honeys, Fighting the Shakes and The Veils.

The Lookie Loos stopped all shows once again when bassist Alex Mustard suffered a severe injury to his left hand. After a short hiatus, the band resumed performing with the help of Adam Page, bassist for Sunny Tokyo, to play in Mustard's absence. Mustard eventually returned in time for the release of their EP.

The Lookie Loos wrote, recorded and engineered their debut EP, *Timing Is Everything* over a 3-month period at the Waikato Institute of Technology. They have since gone on to play at The Big Day Out in 2008 and have become known for their British-influenced pop rock.

## InfoBox

| The Lookie Loos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Hamilton, New Zealand |
| Genres | Pop
Rock |
| Years active | 2005 present |
| Labels | The Lookie Loos |
|  | |
| Members | Tim Steers
Alex Mustard
Daniel Reese
William Page |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: War Trophies Exhibition (Moscow)

abstract: War Trophies Exhibition was an exhibition of trophies taken by the Red Army from Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War, which was held in the Gorky Park in Moscow from June 22, 1943 to October 1, 1948. The exhibition was attended by over 7.5 million people.

text:
# War Trophies Exhibition (Moscow)

**War Trophies Exhibition** was an exhibition of trophies taken by the Red Army from Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War, which was held in the Gorky Park in Moscow from June 22, 1943 to October 1, 1948. The exhibition was attended by over 7.5 million people.

## Creation

The decision on creation of the exhibition was adopted by State Defense Committee on April 13, 1943. Exhibition opened on June 22, 1943.

## Exposition

The exposition was divided into 6 sections:


title: Jones' Hill Wood

abstract: Jones' Hill Wood is a 1.8-hectare (4.4-acre) piece of ancient woodland near Wendover in Buckinghamshire, south England. Formed mainly of beech trees, the wood is part of the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Almost half of the wood is planned to be chopped down to make way for the route of High Speed 2 (HS2) and the topsoil will be translocated. In October 2020, a protest camp was evicted.

text:
# Jones' Hill Wood

**Jones' Hill Wood** is a 1.8-hectare (4.4-acre) piece of ancient woodland near Wendover in Buckinghamshire, south England. Formed mainly of beech trees, the wood is part of the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Almost half of the wood is planned to be chopped down to make way for the route of High Speed 2 (HS2) and the topsoil will be translocated. In October 2020, a protest camp was evicted.

## History

Jones' Hill Wood is a 1.8-hectare (4.4-acre) piece of ancient woodland between Great Missenden and Wendover in Buckinghamshire. It is part of the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The woods are formed mainly of beech trees and provide a habitat for badgers, bats, foxes, and tawny owls. Lesser flora include bluebells, dog’s mercury, dog’s violet and primrose. The author Roald Dahl lived nearby in Great Missenden and is said to have drawn on his walks in the woods in *Fantastic Mr Fox*. Other sources say the inspiration for *Fantastic Mr Fox* was Angling Spring Wood.

In planning for High Speed 2 (HS2), phase one of which is a railway between Birmingham and London, the clearance of 1 hectare (2.5 acres) was mandated. This was then reduced to 0.7 hectares (1.7 acres) and HS2 plans to plant 4.1 hectares (10 acres) of new woodland in compensation. Thus, almost half of the wood will be chopped down and it is one of 20 ancient woodland sites that HS2 will attempt to translocate, meaning the topsoil will be moved to another place. Natural England, a non-departmental public body, has stated that it is impossible to move ancient woodland.

## Protest camp

A tree sitting protest camp was set up in March 2020 in order to stop the demolition of the site. It was evicted in October 2020. On the first day, 40 people were removed from the woods. On the following day, a West Berkshire Council Green party councillor was arrested after he was taken from a tree he had lived in for three months. He then returned to the wood several days later to rejoin seven other activists still in treehouses. After eight days, the last protestor to be evicted was veteran environmental activist Swampy, who was taken from a 80-foot (24 m) high treehouse. Along with six other people, he was charged with aggravated trespass.

After the eviction, a report found evidence of rare barbastelle bats living at Jones' Hill Wood. Lawyers requested that HS2 stopped clearing the site until a full survey had been carried out and suggested that the Natural England licence for works did not include destruction of bat habitats.

## Felling

Natural England granted HS2 a bat licence in March 2021 to allow destruction of four pipistrelle bat perches and one breeding place. HS2 began felling two thirds of the wood in April 2021 and four protestors were arrested. A local farmer from the Bunce family, after which Dahl named a character in *Fantastic Mr Fox*, said "It used to be full up with primroses, foxgloves, bluebells, wood anemones, all sorts of things". On 16 April, a High Court judge told HS2 to stop felling trees until at least 24 May, pending the result of an application for a judicial review of Natural England's decision. On 26 April, Mr Justice Holgate then overturned the decision to pause felling.

## InfoBox

| Jones' Hill Wood | |
| --- | --- |
| The wood behind Durham Farm in 2010 | |
| Map | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Buckinghamshire, England |
| Coordinates | 51°43′53″N 0°42′59″W / 51.7313°N 0.7165°W / 51.7313; -0.7165 |
| Area | 1.8 hectares (4.4 acres) |
| Ecology | |
| Dominant tree species | Beech |
| Lesser flora | Bluebell, dog’s mercury, dog’s violet, primrose |
| Fauna | Badgers, bats, foxes, tawny owls |


title: Mohamed Sy Savané

abstract: Mohamed Malal Sy Savané is a Guinean middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics. His younger brother Amadou Sy Savané is an Olympic sprinter.

text:
# Mohamed Sy Savané

**Mohamed Malal Sy Savané** (born 30 September 1968) is a Guinean middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics. His younger brother Amadou Sy Savané is an Olympic sprinter.

## InfoBox

Mohamed Sy Savané
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Mohamed Malal Sy Savané |
| Nationality | Guinean |
| Born | (1968-09-30) 30 September 1968 |
|  | |
| Relatives | Amadou Sy Savané (brother) |
|  | |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Middle-distance running |
| Event | 800 metres |


title: Organist and master of the choristers

abstract: Organist and master of the choristers is the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly a Church of England cathedral. The tradition dates back to the Middle Ages. They are often both the organist and the choirmaster. The organist and master of the choristers is usually responsible for planning and producing all musical aspects of the cathedral work. That includes training and conducting of the cathedral choir. The sub-organist or assistant organist usually plays at cathedral services, although they will also be expected to take over the choral duties if the organist is unavailable. One of the longest serving organists and masters of the choristers was Andrew Goodwin, who retired from Bangor Cathedral on 31 October 2009. He had served there for 37 years. He was the master of the choristers when Aled Jones was in the choir. Other long-serving holders of the title include Charles J Brennan, who spent 60 years (1904–1964) at Belfast Cathedral and Dr Leslie Paul of Bangor Cathedral who served in that role for 42 years.

text:
# Organist and master of the choristers

**Organist and master of the choristers** is the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly a Church of England cathedral. The tradition dates back to the Middle Ages. They are often both the organist and the choirmaster.

The organist and master of the choristers is usually responsible for planning and producing all musical aspects of the cathedral work. That includes training and conducting of the cathedral choir. The sub-organist or assistant organist usually plays at cathedral services, although they will also be expected to take over the choral duties if the organist is unavailable.

One of the longest serving organists and masters of the choristers was Andrew Goodwin, who retired from Bangor Cathedral on 31 October 2009. He had served there for 37 years. He was the master of the choristers when Aled Jones was in the choir. Other long-serving holders of the title include Charles J Brennan, who spent 60 years (1904–1964) at Belfast Cathedral and Dr Leslie Paul of Bangor Cathedral who served in that role for 42 years (1928 - 1970).


title: Antonino Cannavacciuolo

abstract: Antonino Cannavacciuolo is an Italian chef, restaurateur and television personality.

text:
# Antonino Cannavacciuolo

**Antonino Cannavacciuolo** (born 16 April 1975) is an Italian chef, restaurateur and television personality.

## Restaurants

## Television

* *Cucine da incubo* (2013–2015; 2016–present)
* *MasterChef Italia* (2015–present)
* '*O mare mio* (2017–present)
* *Ci pensa Antonino* (2017)
* *Celebrity MasterChef Italia* (2017–2018)
* *MasterChef All Stars Italia* (2018–2019)
* *I menu di Cannavacciuolo* (2019)
* *Antonino Chef Academy* (2019–present)
* *Family Food Fight* (2019)

## Books

Media related to Antonino Cannavacciuolo at Wikimedia Commons

* *In cucina comando io* (2013)
* *Pure tu vuoi fare lo chef?* (2014)
* *Il piatto forte è l'emozione. 50 ricette dal Sud al Nord* (2016)
* *Mettici il cuore. 50 ricette per la cucina di tutti i giorni* (2017)
* *A tavola si sta insieme. I menu d'autore per le tue serate in compagnia* (2018)
* *Tutto il sapore che vuoi. 50 ricette di cucina vegetariana* (2019)
* *Il pranzo di Natale. I piatti delle feste e la cucina degli avanzi* (2019)
* *Il meglio di Antonino* (2020)

## InfoBox

| Antonino Cannavacciuolo | |
| --- | --- |
| Cannavacciuolo in 2017 | |
| Born | (1975-04-16) 16 April 1975<br>Vico Equense, Italy |
| **Culinary career** | |
| Cooking style | Italian |
| Current restaurant(s) * | |
|  | |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Viktor Fedotov

abstract: Viktor Fedotov is a Russian-British businessman. He was a vice-president of Lukoil in 1990-1998 and headed a number of other companies in the Russian oil industry, including the Caspian Pipeline Consortium. He is now the majority owner of Aquind, a company that plans to build a HVDC submarine power cable that would link France and England. Aquind donated more than £1 million to the Conservative Party. After Fedotov's link with Aquind was discovered, the Conservative Party was criticised for accepting these donations by Angela Rayner, Labour’s deputy leader, and by Conservative MPs. According to the Guardian, documents from Pandora Papers suggest that he was one of the owners of the Russian company VNIIST and "made at least $98m from an offshore financial structure that appears to have funnelled profits from VNIIST via multiple tax havens." Fedotov owns a £7 million house in Hampshire.

text:
# Viktor Fedotov

**Viktor Fedotov** (Russian: Виктор Федотов) is a Russian-British businessman. He was a vice-president of Lukoil in 1990-1998 and headed a number of other companies in the Russian oil industry, including the Caspian Pipeline Consortium. He is now the majority owner of Aquind, a company that plans to build a HVDC submarine power cable that would link France and England.

Aquind donated more than £1 million to the Conservative Party. After Fedotov's link with Aquind was discovered, the Conservative Party was criticised for accepting these donations by Angela Rayner, Labour’s deputy leader, and by Conservative MPs.

According to the Guardian, documents from Pandora Papers suggest that he was one of the owners of the Russian company VNIIST and "made at least $98m from an offshore financial structure that appears to have funnelled profits from VNIIST via multiple tax havens."

Fedotov owns a £7 million house in Hampshire.


title: Ice hockey in Turkmenistan

abstract: Ice hockey is a minor sport that is gaining popularity in Turkmenistan.

text:
# Ice hockey in Turkmenistan

**Ice hockey** is a minor sport that is gaining popularity in **Turkmenistan**.

## History

Ice hockey never gained popularity in independent post-Soviet Turkmenistan until the president Saparmurat Niyazov ordered the construction of an Ice Palace in the desert foothills of the Kopet Dag. In 2006, the company Bouygues completed construction of the first Ice Palace. In 2011, the country had opened the second Ice Palace worth €134.4 million. The total area of the new sports palace is 107,000 square meters, and in its center is the ice arena measuring 60 by 30 meters.

Turkmenistan became a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) on 15 May 2015. It has been a full member of the IIHF and was the third former Soviet republic from Central Asia after Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan to join the IIHF.

The first national team was formed in 2011, comprising players from Ashgabat-based teams: Oguzkhan, Alp Arslan, Shir and Burgut. In 2013, the under-20 national team played its first game against Minsk City, which was won by 7–2. In 2016, Turkmenistan played its first game against Ashgabat, which was won by 12–2.

In 2017, Turkmenistan made its international debut at the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo, Japan. Turkmenistan played in Division II and their first official game against Malaysia, winning by 9–2, and later went on to win the division by defeating Kyrgyzstan, 7–3 in the final. Their third game against Iran, winning by 12–2, but their opposition was disqualified due to the number of Iranian players were deemed ineligible. Iran still played their scheduled game against Turkmenistan on 23 February 2017. However, the game was considered as an exhibition game and its results has no bearing in the standings of the tournament. In 2018, the under-20 national team was supposed to make their debut at the 2018 IIHF World Junior Championship Division III Qualification tournament, but they withdrew prior to the tournament starting. The (senior) national team made its debut at the 2018 IIHF World Championship Division III qualification tournament in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. They won all of their games and earning a promotion to Division III for 2019. The national team finished third place in the 2019 IIHF World Championship Division III tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Ice hockey in Turkmenistan | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Turkmenistan |
| Governing body | Turkmenistan Ice Hockey Federation |
| National team(s) | Men's national team |
| First played | 2013 |
| National competitions | |
| Turkmenistan Championship | |
| International competitions | |
| IIHF World Championships<br>Asian Winter Games | |


title: Henryków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

abstract: Henryków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ziębice, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Ziębice, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Ząbkowice Śląskie, and 53 kilometres (33 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. The village contains the landmark Cistercian Monastery Complex. A Latin chronicle, the Book of Henryków, compiled at Henryków abbey in the 13th century contains the first known sentence written in the Polish language. There is a train station in Henryków.

text:
# Henryków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

**Henryków** \[xɛnˈrɨkuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ziębice, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Ziębice, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Ząbkowice Śląskie, and 53 kilometres (33 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

The village contains the landmark Cistercian Monastery Complex. A Latin chronicle, the Book of Henryków, compiled at Henryków abbey in the 13th century contains the first known sentence written in the Polish language.

There is a train station in Henryków.

## Surroundings

## InfoBox

| Henryków | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Cistercian monastery | |
| Henryków | |
| Coordinates: 50°39′09″N 17°00′39″E / 50.65250°N 17.01083°E / 50.65250; 17.01083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Ząbkowice Śląskie |
| Gmina | Ziębice |
| First mentioned | 1222 |
| Population | 1,400 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | DZA |
| Voivodeship roads |  |


title: Inermocoelotes karlinskii

abstract: Inermocoelotes karlinskii is a funnel-web spider species found in Southeastern Europe.

text:
# Inermocoelotes karlinskii

***Inermocoelotes karlinskii*** is a funnel-web spider species found in Southeastern Europe.

## InfoBox

| *Inermocoelotes karlinskii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Agelenidae |
| Genus: | *Inermocoelotes* |
| Species: | ***I. karlinskii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Inermocoelotes karlinskii***<br>(Kulczynski, 1906) | |
|


title: The Lady of Musashino

abstract: The Lady of Musashino is a 1951 Japanese drama film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It is based on the novel by Shōhei Ōoka.

text:
# The Lady of Musashino

***The Lady of Musashino*** (武蔵野夫人, *Musashino fujin*) is a 1951 Japanese drama film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It is based on the novel by Shōhei Ōoka.

## Plot

Michiko Akiyama is married to Tadao Akiyama, a college professor but a vulgar man with a lower-class background. Towards the end of World War II, they flee the bombing of Tokyo for her parents' estate in the suburban Musashino. Her cousin Eiji Ono, a wartime profiteer with loose morals, and his wife Tomiko live near-by. When her parents die, Michiko inherits the estate. After the end of the war, the extended family is joined by the young and handsome Tsutomu Miyaji, another cousin of hers and former prisoner of war.

Tadao comes home drunk every night, has sexual relationships with students, and also propositions Tomiko. Tomiko, unhappy in her marriage, craves for Tsutomu, as does Michiko. Yet Michiko resists Tsutomu's advances because she is married and does not want him to fall prey to permissiveness. However, when she learns of her husband's plans to swindle her out of her inheritance and run off with Tomiko, she decides to commit suicide to frustrate Tadao's theft, leaving most of her estate to Tsutomu.

## Cast

## Home media

A DVD of the film was released in the UK by Artificial Eye in 2004.

## InfoBox

| The Lady of Musashino | |
| --- | --- |
| Original Japanese poster | |
| Directed by | Kenji Mizoguchi |
| Written by | Yoshikata Yoda |
| Produced by | Hideo Koi |
| Starring | Kinuyo Tanaka |
| Cinematography | Masao Tamai |
| Edited by | Ryoji Sakato |
| Music by | Fumio Hayasaka |
| Production<br>company | Toho |
| Distributed by | Toho |
| Release date | * 14 September 1951 (1951-09-14) (Japan) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |