title: This Is the Record of John

abstract:
"This Is the Record of John" is a verse anthem written by the English composer Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625). It is based on a text from the Gospel of John in the Geneva Bible and is a characteristic Anglican-style composition of its time. "John" refers to John the Baptist. The piece is divided into three sections, each beginning with a verse for solo contratenor followed by a full section, echoing words of the verse.
The singers are usually accompanied by organ: a viol consort is another possibility, although it is debatable how frequently viols would have been used in Jacobean services.

text:
# This Is the Record of John

"**This Is the Record of John**" is a verse anthem written by the English composer Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625). It is based on a text from the Gospel of John in the *Geneva Bible* and is a characteristic Anglican-style composition of its time. "John" (whose record is being told) refers to John the Baptist. The piece is divided into three sections, each beginning with a verse for solo contratenor (more like a modern tenor, but often now sung by a countertenor) followed by a full section (consort of voices), echoing words of the verse. The singers are usually accompanied by organ: a viol consort is another possibility, although it is debatable how frequently viols would have been used in Jacobean services.

## History

This 'verse-anthem' was written at the request of William Laud, who was president of St John's College, Oxford, from 1611 to 1621; the St John to whom college is dedicated is John the Baptist. It was written for the college chapel, and presumably received its first performance there. The text forms one of the readings for Advent.

According to Morris, the earliest known extant manuscripts of the anthem date from the 1630s, a decade after Gibbons' death. They are located at major English cathedrals and chapels, as far from Oxford as Durham, suggesting that the anthem enjoyed wide use when first written. It is included in a number of modern publications, including the *Oxford Book of Tudor Anthems* (OUP, 1978).

## Sources

The original text comes from John 1:19–23. Gibbons uses the text of the Geneva Bible; it is very similar to that found in the Authorized Version, but (for example) AV has "one crying" in the third stanza, where the Geneva Bible (and Gibbons) have "him that crieth". The text concerns the prophecy of John the Baptist foretelling the coming of Jesus.

### Verses

> 1. This is the record of John,
> when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him,
> Who art thou?
> And he confessed and denied not, and said plainly,
> I am not the Christ.
> *Chorus*
> 2. And they asked him, What art thou then? Art thou Elias?
> And he said, I am not.
> Art thou the prophet?
> And he answered, No.
> *Chorus*
> 3. Then said they unto him,
> What art thou? that we may give an answer unto them that sent us.
> What sayest thou of thyself?
> And he said, I am the voice of him that crieth in the wilderness,
> Make straight the way of the Lord.
> *Chorus*
>
> John 1:19–23

## InfoBox

| "This Is the Record of John" | |
| --- | --- |
| Verse anthem by Orlando Gibbons | |
| Portrait of Orlando Gibbons | |
| Period | Tudor |
| Genre | Anglican church music |
| Form | Motet |
| Written | 1600s: England |
| Text | John 1:19–23 |
| Language | Early Modern English |
| Based on | Gospel of John |


title: Thom Mpinganjira

abstract: Thom Mpinganjira is a Malawian business tycoon and philanthropist. He is the founder and former CEO of FDH Financial Holdings Limited. He has also served as a council member of the Bankers Association of Malawi. He was a Trustee of the University of Malawi Alumni Association. Previously, Mpinganjira was a chairman of Malawi Investments Promotion Agency. He was also a member of the Institute of Bankers in Malawi before becoming a chairman of the Stakeholders Committee of Millennium Challenge Account. Mpinganjira is the current chairman of the Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM). Mpinganjira is also a member of the Ethical and Investigations Committee for the Institute of Chartered Accountants. In 2021, a court convicted him for attempting to bribe five constitutional court judges, applying a custodial sentence of 9 years.

text:
# Thom Mpinganjira

**Thom Mpinganjira** is a Malawian business tycoon and philanthropist. He is the founder and former CEO of FDH Financial Holdings Limited. He has also served as a council member of the Bankers Association of Malawi. He was a Trustee of the University of Malawi Alumni Association.

Previously, Mpinganjira was a chairman of Malawi Investments Promotion Agency. He was also a member of the Institute of Bankers in Malawi before becoming a chairman of the Stakeholders Committee of Millennium Challenge Account.

Mpinganjira is the current chairman of the Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM). Mpinganjira is also a member of the Ethical and Investigations Committee for the Institute of Chartered Accountants.

In 2021, a court convicted him for attempting to bribe five constitutional court judges, applying a custodial sentence of 9 years.

## InfoBox

| Thom Mpinganjira | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Lilongwe, Malawi |
| Occupation | Businessman |


title: Francisco Dalupan Sr.

abstract: Francisco Tarnate Dalupan Sr. was the Filipino founder and first chairman and the president of the University of the East (UE). He was the father of the legendary Filipino basketball coach Virgilio "Baby" Dalupan. Dalupan graduated from the Ateneo de Manila University. Before founding UE, he co-founded the Far Eastern University, which was headed by Nicanor B. Reyes, Sr., then serving as a professor at the University of the Philippines Department of Economics. Together with his colleagues, Dalupan established the Philippine College of Commerce and Business Administration (PCCBA) at R. Papa Street, Sampaloc, Manila in 1946. The PCCBA admitted 350 students in the summer of 1947. The following year, more students enrolled and so more academic units had to be organized, and the PCCBA moved to what is now UE's main campus on Claro M. Recto Avenue. The PCCBA was granted university status on July 3, 1951 and was renamed the University of the East. Dalupan became UE's first president and the chairman of its board of trustees. The first members of the board were Atty. Hermenegildo Balbino Reyes, a businessman, scholar and former vice president of the University of the Philippines, and Santiago F. de la Cruz, a certified public accountant and business executive who later succeeded Dalupan as UE President.

text:
# Francisco Dalupan Sr.

**Francisco Tarnate Dalupan Sr.** (October 4, 1895 – November 25, 1987) was the Filipino founder and first chairman and the president of the University of the East (UE). He was the father of the legendary Filipino basketball coach Virgilio "Baby" Dalupan.

Dalupan graduated from the Ateneo de Manila University. Before founding UE, he co-founded the Far Eastern University, which was headed by Nicanor B. Reyes, Sr., then serving as a professor at the University of the Philippines Department of Economics.

Together with his colleagues, Dalupan established the Philippine College of Commerce and Business Administration (PCCBA) at R. Papa Street, Sampaloc, Manila in 1946. The PCCBA admitted 350 students in the summer of 1947. The following year, more students enrolled and so more academic units had to be organized, and the PCCBA moved to what is now UE's main campus on Claro M. Recto Avenue.

The PCCBA was granted university status on July 3, 1951 and was renamed the University of the East. Dalupan became UE's first president and the chairman of its board of trustees. The first members of the board were Atty. Hermenegildo Balbino Reyes, a businessman, scholar and former vice president of the University of the Philippines, and Santiago F. de la Cruz, a certified public accountant and business executive who later succeeded Dalupan as UE President.


title: Theta Circini

abstract: Theta Circini, is a binary star located in the southern constellation of Circinus, to the northwest of Alpha Circini. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.110. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.82 mas, it is located at a distance of about 276 light years from the Sun. This is an astrometric binary star system with an orbital period of about 39.6 years, an eccentricity of 0.3, and a semimajor axis of 85.64 mas. The pair show a combined stellar classification of B3 Ve, which matches a B-type main sequence star. The 'e' suffix on the class indicates this is a Be star. Alternate classifications include B4 Vnp and B4npe, with the 'n' indicating broad ("nebulous") absorption lines due to rotation and the 'p' meaning a chemically peculiar star. The two components appear to have similar visual magnitude, mass, and classification. The system behaves as a Gamma Cassiopeiae variable showing occasional outbursts of up to 0.27 in magnitude.

text:
# Theta Circini

**Theta Circini** (θ Cir), is a binary star located in the southern constellation of Circinus, to the northwest of Alpha Circini. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.110. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.82 mas, it is located at a distance of about 276 light years from the Sun.

This is an astrometric binary star system with an orbital period of about 39.6 years, an eccentricity of 0.3, and a semimajor axis of 85.64 mas. The pair show a combined stellar classification of B3 Ve, which matches a B-type main sequence star. The 'e' suffix on the class indicates this is a Be star. Alternate classifications include B4 Vnp and B4npe, with the 'n' indicating broad ("nebulous") absorption lines due to rotation and the 'p' meaning a chemically peculiar star. The two components appear to have similar visual magnitude, mass, and classification. The system behaves as a Gamma Cassiopeiae variable showing occasional outbursts of up to 0.27 in magnitude.

## InfoBox

θ Circini
|
A light curve for Theta Circini, plotted from *Hipparcos* data | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| Constellation | Circinus |
|
| Right ascension | 14h 56m 43.987s |
| Declination | −62° 46 51.66 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.110 (5.90 + 5.90) |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | B3 Ve (B2 + B2) |
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| B−V color index | +0.00 |
|
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| Variable type | GCAS |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +102.65 mas/yr
Dec.: +9.35 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 11.82 ± 0.30 mas |
| **Distance** | 276 ± 7 ly
(85 ± 2 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −2.43/−2.43 |
|  | |
| Orbit | |
| **Period (P)** | 39.62±0.78 yr |
| **Semi-major axis (a)** | 0.08564±0.00056 |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.3014±0.0081 |
| **Inclination (i)** | 153.3±2.0° |
| **Longitude of the node (Ω)** | 228.0±5.2° |
| **Periastron epoch (T)** | 1993.81±0.12 |
| **Argument of periastron (ω)**
(secondary) | 68.6±6.5° |
| Details | |
| θ Cir A | |
| **Mass** | 9.3±0.6 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.38 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 19,099 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 195±13 km/s |
| **Age** | 27.1±6.1 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| θ Cir, CD−62°891, HD 131492, HIP 73129, HR 5551, SAO 252965. | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Francis Eyles (died 1735)

abstract: Francis Eyles, of Essex Street, London, and Earnshill, near Taunton, Somerset, was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1721. Eyles was the son of Sir John Eyles of Southbroom, Wiltshire, briefly Lord Mayor of London in 1688. Eyles was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Devizes at the 1715 general election and generally supported the Government. He was a director of the South Sea Company, and when the South Sea Bubble burst, he was expelled from the House on 28 January 1721. He was also included in the list of directors whose estates were to be confiscated for the relief of the victims. However, treated relatively leniently by Parliament, he was allowed to keep £20,000 of the value of his estates, but prevented from either sitting in Parliament again or holding public office. Eyles died in 1735, leaving no children. He left the remainder of his personal estate to his nephew Francis.

text:
# Francis Eyles (died 1735)

**Francis Eyles** (c.1679 - 19 December 1735), of Essex Street, London, and Earnshill, near Taunton, Somerset, was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1721.

Eyles was the son of Sir John Eyles of Southbroom, Wiltshire, briefly Lord Mayor of London in 1688.

Eyles was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Devizes at the 1715 general election and generally supported the Government. He was a director of the South Sea Company, and when the South Sea Bubble burst, he was expelled from the House on 28 January 1721. He was also included in the list of directors whose estates were to be confiscated for the relief of the victims. However, treated relatively leniently by Parliament, he was allowed to keep £20,000 of the value of his estates, but prevented from either sitting in Parliament again or holding public office.

Eyles died in 1735, leaving no children. He left the remainder of his personal estate to his nephew Francis.


title: Francis Everitt

abstract: Charles William Francis Everitt is a US-based English physicist working on experimental testing of general relativity. Everitt was educated at Imperial College London and the University of Pennsylvania in low-temperature physics. He is Professor at the Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory of Stanford University and is also an Associate Member of the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC). Everitt is Principal Investigator of the Gravity Probe B mission mainly aimed to test frame-dragging at an expected accuracy of 1%. According to general relativity, it is an effect induced by the rotation of the Earth on orbiting gyroscopes. Everitt spent more than 40 years on the project and was awarded with the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal. The results were published in Physical Review Letters in May 2011. The results confirm general relativity's predictions, though not to the project's ambitious goal of 1% precision. In 1985, along with Remo Ruffini, Riccardo Giacconi, Abdus Salam, Paul Boynton, George Coyne, and Fang Li-Zhi, Professor Everitt co-founded the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics. Everitt is the current Chairman of the ICRANet Steering Committee for the ICRANet Center at the Leland Stanford Junior University.

text:
# Francis Everitt

**Charles William Francis Everitt** (born 8 March 1934) is a US-based English physicist working on experimental testing of general relativity.

Everitt was educated at Imperial College London and the University of Pennsylvania in low-temperature physics. He is Professor at the Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory of Stanford University and is also an Associate Member of the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC).

Everitt is Principal Investigator of the Gravity Probe B mission mainly aimed to test frame-dragging at an expected accuracy of 1%. According to general relativity, it is an effect induced by the rotation of the Earth on orbiting gyroscopes. Everitt spent more than 40 years on the project and was awarded with the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal. The results were published in Physical Review Letters in May 2011. The results confirm general relativity's predictions, though not to the project's ambitious goal of 1% precision.

In 1985, along with Remo Ruffini, Riccardo Giacconi, Abdus Salam, Paul Boynton, George Coyne, and Fang Li-Zhi, Professor Everitt co-founded the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics. Everitt is the current Chairman of the ICRANet Steering Committee for the ICRANet Center at the Leland Stanford Junior University.

## Bibliometric information

As of November 2013, according to the NASA ADS database, the h-index of C.W.F. Everitt is 18, with a total number of citations (self-citations excluded) of about 900. The tori index and the riq index are 12.1 and 62, respectively.

## InfoBox

| C. W. Francis Everitt | |
| --- | --- |
| Francis Everitt at a NASA press conference | |
| Born | (1934-03-08) 8 March 1934 |
| Alma mater | Imperial College London |
| Known for | Gravity Probe B, relativity |
| Awards | Guggenheim Fellowship, History of Science and Technology 1976 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal 2005 |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Thesis | *Studies in the magnetism of baked and igneous rocks* (1959) |
| Doctoral advisor | John Atherton Clegg |
|  | |


title: Frank H. Howard

abstract: Frank H. Howard was an American attorney who was president of the Los Angeles County Board of Education and a member of the Los Angeles City Library Board and a trustee of the county law library. He represented the city librarian when she sued a Methodist minister for slander over a prayer he had recited. Howard disappeared without a trace in 1896.

text:
# Frank H. Howard

**Frank H. Howard** (before 1840 – disappeared August 6, 1896) was an American attorney who was president of the Los Angeles County Board of Education and a member of the Los Angeles City Library Board and a trustee of the county law library. He represented the city librarian when she sued a Methodist minister for slander over a prayer he had recited. Howard disappeared without a trace in 1896.

## Personal

Howard was born in Mississippi, the son of Volney E. Howard, the first attorney general of the state of Texas in 1836. Frank Howard graduated from Heidelberg University with a medical degree and then took up law to become an attorney. He was said to be a linguist "of no ordinary mark," having studied French, German, Spanish and classical languages.

He settled in Los Angeles, before 1865.

## Vocation

In 1886, Howard was president of the Los Angeles County Board of Education, and in 1890 he was a Democratic candidate for Superior Court judge in Los Angeles.

In 1891, members of a library board newly appointed under provisions of a new Los Angeles city charter brought a suit against Howard and the other members of the existing board, which the newcomers wanted to supplant. Superior Court Judge Shaw ruled in favor of the defendants and so they were able to resume their positions as the "legal and duly-authorized officers" of the library. The decision was sustained by the California Supreme Court in March 1892.

Howard was also a trustee of the County Law Library, resigning from that post on July 21, 1892. He was president of the Los Angeles Bar Association in November 1893.

Howard was one of the attorneys representing city librarian Tessa L. Kelso, who had sued a Methodist minister, J. W. Campbell, for slander after he had called her out in a prayer from his pulpit on August 19, 1894, for having purchased a number of assertedly obscene French-language books, including *Le Cadet* by Jean Richepin. Campbell's prayer was: "Oh! Lord, vouchsafe thy saving grace to the librarian of the Los Angeles city library, and cleanse her of all sin and make her a woman worthy of her office."

Howard argued that "the law of slander was such that any statement of action tending to diminish the authority of anyone occupying an official position was actionable and that the acts complained of certainly tended to diminish the confidence of the public in his client as a public officer." In April 1895 a Superior Court judge ruled that the actions of the minister were not privileged, that "slander can be perpetuated in the form of a prayer" and that the action could proceed.

At about the same time, Howard was the chairman of a two-man committee that examined the policy of the library regarding the purchase of books and whether "our rules need amendment in any respect, either as to the censorship of books to be placed upon the shelves, or in the manner of distributing the same for use on the premises, or for home circulation."

## Disappearance

On August 6, 1896, Howard left his house at 1043 South Hill Street, "telling his family that he was going on a business trip to San Bernardino and the desert. That day he was seen by a friend, standing on a street corner waiting for a streetcar." That was the last trace of him. A body was found on Mount Wilson the next month, raising an expectation that it was Howard's, but that identification was ruled out by Los Angeles County Coroner George W. Campbell.

Three years later, in October 1899, some members of the Bar Association met to reorganize the association after a lapse in meetings for the previous five years. A reorganization committee composed of Lucien Shaw, John D. Works and John S. Chapman noted that "Mr. Howard is not now a resident of the State."

## InfoBox

| Frank H. Howard | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1840
Mississippi, U.S. |
| Disappeared | August 6, 1896
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Status | Missing for 128 years, 1 month and 21 days |
| Occupation | Attorney |


title: Thistle Cottage

abstract: Thistle Cottage is a building in Luss, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. A Category C listed cottage dating to the late 19th century, it overlooks the western shore of Loch Lomond to the north of Luss Pier. While no precise date of construction is known, the cottage did not appear on the 1868 Ordnance Survey map.

text:
# Thistle Cottage

**Thistle Cottage** is a building in Luss, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. A Category C listed cottage dating to the late 19th century, it overlooks the western shore of Loch Lomond to the north of Luss Pier.

While no precise date of construction is known, the cottage did not appear on the 1868 Ordnance Survey map.

## InfoBox

| Thistle Cottage | |
| --- | --- |
| Thistle Cottage is the first of the two whitewashed buildings in this 2016 photo | |
| Location | Luss
Argyll and Bute
Scotland |
| Coordinates | 56°06′08″N 4°38′15″W / 56.102105°N 4.637522°W / 56.102105; -4.637522 |
| Built | late 19th century |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Category C(S) | |
| Designated | 13 March 1997 |
| Reference no. | LB43984 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown in Argyll and Bute | |


title: Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock

abstract: Sir Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock was a 14th-century Scottish landowner and lord of Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He was the son of Sir Robert Boyd, who fought at the Battle of Bannockburn. In 1346, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross. He is known for building the earliest parts of Dean Castle in around 1350, and the castle still stands today and is open to the public. Sir Thomas was succeeded by his son, Thomas. Sir Thomas' later descendants were the Earls of Kilmarnock.

text:
# Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock

**Sir Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock** was a 14th-century Scottish landowner and lord of Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He was the son of Sir Robert Boyd, who fought at the Battle of Bannockburn. In 1346, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross. He is known for building the earliest parts of Dean Castle in around 1350, and the castle still stands today and is open to the public. Sir Thomas was succeeded by his son, Thomas (died 1432). Sir Thomas' later descendants were the Earls of Kilmarnock.

* Archibald M'Kay (1858). *The History of Kilmarnock*. p. 22. Retrieved 18 April 2008.


title: Thomas C. Holt

abstract:
Thomas Cleveland Holt is an American historian, who is the James Westfall Thompson Professor of American and African American History at the University of Chicago. He has produced a number of works on the people and descendants of the African Diaspora. He served as president of the American Historical Association in 1994. He taught at Howard University, Harvard University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Michigan. He was born in Danville, Virginia.
He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2016.

text:
# Thomas C. Holt

**Thomas Cleveland Holt** (born November 30, 1942) is an American historian, who is the James Westfall Thompson Professor of American and African American History at the University of Chicago. He has produced a number of works on the people and descendants of the African Diaspora. He served as president of the American Historical Association in 1994.

He taught at Howard University, Harvard University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Michigan. He was born in Danville, Virginia. He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2016.

## Awards

In 1978 Holt was awarded the Southern Historical Association's Charles S. Sydnor Prize for his first book, *Black Over White*.

A past president of the American Historical Association, Holt was a Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars from 1987 to 1988. Holt became a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 1990.

In 1994, President Bill Clinton named Holt to the National Council on Humanities.

He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003.

He was a Citigroup Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin, Germany, for Fall 2008.

## Works

* *The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832–1938* (Johns Hopkins University Press), 1992, winner of the Elsa Goveia Prize awarded by the Association of Caribbean Historians.
* *Black Over White: Negro Political Leadership in South Carolina During Reconstruction* (University of Illinois Press).
* "Nathan I. Huggins Lectures", *The Problem of Race in the 21st Century* (Harvard University Press), 2000
* With Frederick Cooper and Rebecca Jarvis Scott, *Beyond Slavery: Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Postemancipation Societies*, UNC Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-8078-4854-8.
* *Children of Fire: a History of African Americans* (Hill & Wang), 2010
* *The Movement: The African American Struggle for Civil Rights* (Oxford University Press), 2021, ISBN 0197525822.

## InfoBox

| Thomas C. Holt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | November 30, 1942 |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | history |
| Institutions | University of Chicago |
| Main interests | African diaspora |
|  | |


title: Thismia hawkesii

abstract: Thismia hawkesii, commonly known as fairy lantern, is a plant in the family Burmanniaceae found only in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia.

text:
# Thismia hawkesii

***Thismia hawkesii***, commonly known as **fairy lantern**, is a plant in the family Burmanniaceae found only in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia.

## Description

*Thismia hawkesii* is a small underground herb and an obligate myco-heterotroph, that is, it lacks chlorophyll and relies on a symbiotic association with fungi to obtain its nutrients. The roots, stem and leaves of the plant remain underground and only the flower appears above ground. The leaves are white and measure up to 3.5 mm long by 1 mm wide. The flowers are solitary and are 18–26 mm long by 5–6 mm wide. The fruit is a capsule about 4.5 mm long by 7.5 mm wide, containing numerous seeds.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by the Australian botanist Wendy Elizabeth Cooper, and published in the journal Austrobaileya in 2017. The species epithet *hawkesii* honours the naturalist and field assistant Tim Hawkes.

## Distribution and habitat

As of June 2024, it is only known from collections in the Baldy Mountain Forest Reserve, west of Atherton, Queensland.

## Conservation

Despite its extremely limited known range, *Thismia hawkesii* is listed as least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act. As of 21 June 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

## InfoBox

| Fairy lantern | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
| Least Concern (NCA) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Dioscoreales |
| Family: | Burmanniaceae |
| Genus: | *Thismia* |
| Species: | ***T. hawkesii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thismia hawkesii***<br>W.E.Cooper | |
|


title: Thomas Crompton (died 1601)

abstract: Thomas Crompton, was an English politician.

text:
# Thomas Crompton (died 1601)

**Thomas Crompton** (died 1601), was an English politician.

## Life

Crompton was the second son of John Crompton of Prestall, Deane, Bolton, Lancashire and subsequently of London, and his wife Anne, daughter of Ralph Ashton of \[Great Lever\], Lancs.

By 1580 Crompton was working as chirographer of the Court of Common Pleas, when he was granted permission to build a new Fines Office in the grounds of the Inner Temple. The buildings were erected in Middle Temple Lane and known as Crompton's Building and Crompton was granted admission to the Inner Temple.

By 1589 he had become an agent for Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. It was presumably to the Earl's influence that he owed his parliamentary seats for Steyning in 1589, Radnor in 1593 and for both Leominster and Beverley in 1597. In the latter case it is not recorded which constituency he represented.

He made his will on 24 October 1601 and had died by 31 October, when John Chamberlain reported the death of "Crompton of the Fine Office".

## Family

He married Mary, the daughter of Robert Hodgson of London. By 1601 he had 4 sons and 7 daughters. His daughter Mary married William Gee, recorder of Beverley in 1597.


title: Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass

abstract: Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass, was an English nobleman, the only son of Wingfield Cromwell, 2nd Earl of Ardglass of Ilam, Staffordshire and Mary Russell. He held the subsidiary titles of 3rd Viscount Lecale and 6th Baron Cromwell of Oakham.

text:
# Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass

**Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass** (29 November 1653 – 11 April 1682), was an English nobleman, the only son of Wingfield Cromwell, 2nd Earl of Ardglass of Ilam, Staffordshire and Mary Russell. He held the subsidiary titles of **3rd Viscount Lecale** and **6th Baron Cromwell of Oakham**.

## Life

He succeeded to the titles of 6th Baron Cromwell of Oakham, in the Peerage of England (1540), 3rd Viscount Lecale, in Ulster, in the Peerage of Ireland (1624) and 3rd Earl of Ardglass, in the Peerage of Ireland (1645) on 3 October 1668. On 29 of the same month and year he matriculated at Christ Church, University of Oxford. He married Honora Boyle (d. c. November 1710, buried 14 November 1710 St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, sister and co-heiress of Murrough Boyle, 1st Viscount Blesington, daughter of The Most Rev. Michael Boyle, DD, Archbishop of Armagh and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, without issue.

## Death

Thomas Cromwell died on 11 April 1682 and was buried at Ilam, Staffordshire. He was succeeded by his uncle Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass. His widow Honora, married secondly, before 1687, Francis Cuffe (12 September 1656 – 26 December 1694), Member of Parliament for County Mayo in the Parliament of Ireland, son of Sir James Cuffe of Ballinrobe, County Mayo, and had issue, and married thirdly, c. 1700, as his first wife Captain Sir Thomas Burdett, 1st Baronet, of Garahill, County Carlow (14 September 1668 – 14 April 1727), without issue. She died on 14 April 1727 and was buried at St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin

## Bibliography

* "Ardglass, Earl of (I, 1645 – 1687). *Cracroft's Peerage*". Cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
* Burke, Bernard (1866). *A Genealogical History of the dormant, abeyant, forfeited and extinct peerages of the British Empire*. London: Harrison.
* Cokayne, G. E. (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). *The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, vol. I*. London: St. Catherine Press.
* Cokayne, G. E. (1913). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). *The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, vol. III*. London: St. Catherine Press.
* Cokayne, G. E. (2000). Gibbs, Vicary; et al. (eds.). *The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, vol. I* (new ed.). Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing.
* "Cromwell, Baron (E, 1540 – 1687). *Cracroft's Peerage*". Cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
* "*Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Ardglass*, Family Search: Community Trees. British Isles. Peerage, Baronetage, and Landed Gentry Families with Extended Lineage". Histfam.familysearch.org. Retrieved 25 October 2013.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass | |
| --- | --- |
| Arms of Cromwell, Earl of Ardglass: *Quarterly, per fess, indented, azure and or, four lions passant* | |
| Tenure | 1668–1682 |
| Successor | Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass |
| Other titles | 3rd Viscount Lecale
6th Baron Cromwell |
| Known for | English nobleman |
| Born | Thomas Cromwell
29 November 1653
Strensham, Worcestershire, |
| Died | 11 April 1682 (aged 2829)
Ilam, Staffordshire |
| Buried | St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin |
| Nationality | English |
| Spouse(s) | Honora Boyle |
| Parents | Wingfield Cromwell, 2nd Earl of Ardglass
Mary Russell |


title: Massimo Marchiori

abstract: Massimo Marchiori is an Italian mathematician and computer scientist.

text:
# Massimo Marchiori

**Massimo Marchiori** (Padua, 1970) is an Italian mathematician and computer scientist.

## Biography

In July, 2004, he was awarded the TR35 prize by Technology Review (the best 35 researchers in the world under the age of 35).

He is Professor in Computer Science at the University of Padua, and Research Scientist at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) in the World Wide Web Consortium.

He was the creator of HyperSearch, a search engine where the results were based not only on single page ranks, but on the relationship between single pages and the rest of the Web. Afterwards, Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin cited HyperSearch when they introduced PageRank.

He has been chief editor of the world standard for privacy on the Web (P3P), and co-author of the companion APPEL specification.

Initiator of the Query Languages effort at W3C (see for instance QL'98), he started the XML-Query project, deemed to develop the corresponding world standard for querying XML (XQuery), finally providing the due integration between the Web and the database world.

He co-developed the first version of the Web Ontology Language (OWL) standard.

In April 2010 he became the Chief Technology Officer of Atomium Culture.

He was the creator of the social search engine Volunia, launched in February 2012. On 8 June 2012 Marchiori announced, with an open letter, that he had been excluded from the CTO position in the company "because someone else wants to do it instead of me. This person wants to decide everything, without me. And so, he put himself into my shoes, commanding me to step aside".

He created Negapedia, the negative version of Wikipedia.

## InfoBox

| Massimo Marchiori | |
| --- | --- |
| Massimo Marchiori (left) with Tim Berners-Lee, 2006 at MIT | |
| Born | 1970<br>Padua |
| Alma mater | Università di Padova, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Thesis | *Local Analysis and Localizations*  (1997) |
| Doctoral advisor | Livio Colussi, Jan Willem Klop |
|  | |


title: Frank C.S. Anthony

abstract: Frank Christopher Stanislaus Anthony is a Guyanese politician. He is the current Minister of Health for the Government of Guyana. Anthony was appointed Minister in August 2020 by President Irfaan Ali.

text:
# Frank C.S. Anthony

**Frank Christopher Stanislaus Anthony** is a Guyanese politician. He is the current Minister of Health for the Government of Guyana. Anthony was appointed Minister in August 2020 by President Irfaan Ali.

## Biography

Anthony attended Peoples' Friendship University of Russia where he studied medicine and obtained a Bachelor of Science degree. He also attended Hebrew University where he obtained a Master's in Public Health degree. Prior to his nomination as minister, Anthony served as executive director of the Health Sector Development Unit Ministry of Health.

## InfoBox

| Frank C.S. Anthony | |
| --- | --- |
| Anthony in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Minister of Health of Guyana | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>August 5, 2020 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | People's Progressive Party (Guyana) |
| Occupation | Politician |
|  | |


title: Frank Bottrill

abstract:
Frank Bottrill was an Australian blacksmith and inventor, known for his giant "Big Lizzie" traction engine, thought to be at one time the largest in the world. It had a unique variant of the Dreadnaught Wheel design. Alternating bearing plates gave support to each wheel, allowing it to travel over soft ground without bogging down.
This was an early attempt to solve the problem that was later addressed more effectively by the caterpillar track. After running into financial difficulty, Bottrill spent the later part of his working life clearing bush and hauling loads in the west of New South Wales and Victoria. Big Lizzie has been preserved, and stands in a park in Red Cliffs, Victoria.

text:
# Frank Bottrill

**Frank Bottrill** (1 April 1871 – 7 January 1953) was an Australian blacksmith and inventor, known for his giant "Big Lizzie" traction engine, thought to be at one time the largest in the world. It had a unique variant of the Dreadnaught Wheel design. Alternating bearing plates gave support to each wheel, allowing it to travel over soft ground without bogging down. This was an early attempt to solve the problem that was later addressed more effectively by the caterpillar track. After running into financial difficulty, Bottrill spent the later part of his working life clearing bush and hauling loads in the west of New South Wales and Victoria. Big Lizzie has been preserved, and stands in a park in Red Cliffs, Victoria.

## Early years

Frank Bottrill was born on 1 April 1871 into a Methodist family in Sturt, Adelaide. His father, John Lucas Bottrill, was a market gardener. His mother was Eliza Bottrill, née Macklin. He apprenticed as a blacksmith, and worked in the Moonta and Wallaroo mines in South Australia, qualifying as a steam engine driver. He moved to Broken Hill, New South Wales, around 1889. In an early venture, Bottrill formed a steam-engine company to transport supplies to Broken Hill and set out from Adelaide with his first vehicle. The engine became bogged down in the sand north of Morgan, to the north of the Murray River, and had to be abandoned.

By 1896 Bottrill had returned to East Payneham in Adelaide and was working there as a blacksmith. He submitted a patent application in September 1896 for improvements to the design of windmills. Frank Botrill and his brother Reuben were hired to clear bush in Tintinara, South Australia, in the early 1900s.

## Engineer and inventor

In 1846 James Boydell had obtained a patent in Britain for a steam traction engine with "Dreadnaught Wheels", where each wheel had hinged plates attached loosely at regular intervals around the outside of the rim. Each plate in turn would lie flat on the ground as the wheel rolled over it, providing better support in muddy or sandy ground. Bottrill heard of Boydell's system, and in 1906 filed a patent for an improved design. He used crossed wire ropes to attach the "bearer" shoes to the wheel rims. The plates alternated on each side of the rim, which was split, to give a smoother ride. Bottrill's "Dreadnaught" or "Ped-rail" patent was approved on 6 September 1907. He installed his dreadnaught wheels on two McLaren steam traction engines between 1906 and 1910.

Bottrill moved to Victoria in 1908, and joined the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Ballarat. On 31 March 1909 he married Margaret Young, a bible worker with the church. Botrill moved to South Melbourne, where he collaborated with the A. H. McDonald company as an engineer as well as a blacksmith. The Mount Gunson copper mines in South Australia bought the first set of Dreadnaught wheels on a tractor built by Austral Otis with a forty-horsepower twin-cylinder McDonald engine. It was tested in swampy land near the Austral Otis works in August 1911, then dismantled and shipped to Hummock Hill (now Whyalla), where Frank and Reuben Bottril re-assembled the tractor and drove it to Port Augusta, South Australia.

For a while Bottril's pedrails were offered as an optional feature by McDonald's on their farm and industrial tractors. They were used on tractors in Cloncurry, Queensland, mines. In 1913 McDonald's won contracts to build two tractors with pedrails for Commonwealth Railways, who were building a section of the Trans-Australian Railway across the Nullarbor Plain. Reuben Bottril brought the tractors into operation. He wrote to his brother,

> When at the 132 miles \[mark\] I had an inch of rain to contend with and at the time it came on there were two large claypans (like glue) and a salt lake to contend with too  directly in front of me. For the next two days I travelled only four miles, but I got past the claypans and lake and got into heavy sand with the one mile gear on all the time for about 12 miles. The last three days of return trip I did 13.17 and 15.5 miles respectively. I think this tractor has proved itself very suitable to the Com' during this trip, especially after getting past those gluepots with an inch of rain there.

Botrill's patented wheels were also used on "Big Lizzie", a huge traction engine which McDonald's built to his design in 1915. Big Lizzie could carry almost 90 tons when two trailers were attached. There were just six bearers on each wheel, compared to Bottril's earlier designs which had as many as twelve bearers. This placed more strain on the cables retaining the bearers, and had the effect of reducing the tractor's speed to one mile per hour. Big Lizzie was awkward to manoeuvre, with a turning radius of 200 feet (61 m).

## Later years

Bottrill planned to drive Big Lizzie to the Broken Hill mines, with two pedrail-equipped wagons in tow. He left Melbourne early in 1916, taking his family with him. He travelled at a maximum speed of 1 mph, going off road where bridges were not strong enough or the road bends were too sharp. The tractor broke through a bridge near Kilmore. The Campaspe River was flooded, and it took three weeks to remove snags and build earthworks before a crossing was possible near Elmore. The Murray River could not be crossed at Echuca as planned since the river was flooded and Bottrill was not allowed to take the tractor into the town over the approach bridge. Bottrill reached Kerang in January 1917, where he spent five months working on improvements. He reached Ouyen in August 1917 and Mildura in October 1917. After a journey of 21 months, he found that the Murray was flooded and impassable.

Urgently needing work, Bottrill began taking on contracts to haul wheat and clear bush in the area. He was to continue with this work for the rest of his working life. From 1920 to 1924 Bottrill worked in Red Cliffs, in the Rural City of Mildura, clearing the ground for a 6,000 hectares (15,000 acres) irrigated farming settlement for World War I veterans. Up to 16 men helped attach cables to trees and stumps which Big Lizzie then hauled out. After this job was over, Bottrill drove Big Lizzie to Western Victoria to continue clearing land.

He lived near Balmoral, Victoria, from 1926 to 1931, and from 1926 to 1928 cleared land at the nearby Glendinning station. However, disputes arose with the station owners, one being due to the fact that Bottril would not work on Saturday, considered to be the Sabbath by his church. He sold out in 1928, reluctantly abandoning Big Lizzie. Botrill lived in Lismore near Camperdown, Victoria from 1931 to 1934, then moved to Dareton, New South Wales, near Mildura, where he was an elder of the church and the treasurer for the rest of his life. He died on 7 January 1953 at Mildura. Despite all the frustrations, Bottrill was never known to drink, swear or lose his temper.

Big Lizzie stood idle for many years. The Blackstone engine was sold in 1938, powered stone crushing equipment at Pyramid Hill until 1942 and was scrapped in 1945. Big Lizzie was recovered and brought to Red Cliffs in 1971. She is now displayed in Barclay Square on the Calder Highway. Visitors may listen to a recording that tells the history of the machine.

**Notes**

**Citations**

1. Kendall 1979.
2. Quick 2007, p. 6.
3. Quick 2007, p. 5.
4. Quick 2007, p. 8.
5. Quick 2006, p. 61.
6. Quick 2006, p. 62.
7. Quick 2006, p. 84.
8. Quick 2006, p. 13.
9. Big Lizzie: Red Cliffs Historical.
10. Rowthorn, Landragin & Daly 2002, p. 389.

**Sources**

* "Big Lizzie". Red Cliffs & District Historical Society Inc. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
* Kendall, F. J. (1979). "Bottrill, Frank (1871–1953)". *Australian Dictionary of Biography*. Vol. 7. Australian National University. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
* Quick, Graeme R. (2006). *Australian Tractors: Indigenous Tractors And Self-propelled Machines in Rural Australia*. Rosenberg Publishing Pty, Limited. ISBN 978-1-877058-39-4. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
* Quick, Graeme R. (2007). *Remarkable Australian Farm Machines: Ingenuity on the Land*. Rosenberg Publishing Pty, Limited. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-877058-58-5. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
* Rowthorn, Chris; Landragin, Alex; Daly, Kate (2002). *Lonely Planet Victoria*. Lonely Planet. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-74059-240-6. Retrieved 12 May 2013.

**Further reading**

## InfoBox

| Frank Bottrill | |
| --- | --- |
| Frank Bottrill. | |
| Born | (1871-04-01)1 April 1871
Sturt, Adelaide, Australia |
| Died | 7 January 1953(1953-01-07) (aged 81)
Mildura |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation(s) | Blacksmith, inventor |
| Known for | "Big Lizzie" traction engine |


title: Frank Edmund Beatty Jr.

abstract: Frank Edmund Beatty Jr. was a Vice Admiral in the United States Navy.

text:
# Frank Edmund Beatty Jr.

**Frank Edmund Beatty Jr.** (June 17, 1894 – November 12, 1976) was a Vice Admiral in the United States Navy.

## Biography

Beatty was born on June 17, 1894, in Washington, D.C., to Frank E. Beatty, a Rear Admiral, and Anne Beatty. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1916, and would later attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1922. Beatty married Patricia Horton, a native of Ireland. Their son, Denis, would serve as a Lieutenant in the Navy.

Beatty died on November 12, 1976, in Santa Monica, California. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

## Career

During World War I, Beatty served aboard the battleship *New York*. Later he would take command of the destroyer *Long* from 1933 to 1934, followed by serving as an aide to the Commanding Destroyers Scouting Force, and as Executive Officer of the heavy cruiser *Augusta* from 1940 to 1941. From 1941 to 1943 he was an aide to Secretary of the Navy William Franklin Knox before taking command of the light cruiser *Columbia* from 1943 to 1944. Promoted to rear admiral, Beatty served as the Commander of U.S. Forces in the Aruba-Curaçao area during World War II from 1944 to 1945.

After the war, Beatty served as commander of the midshipmen training squadron, Atlantic Fleet and then as commander of destroyers, Atlantic Fleet. In 1947, he became commander of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory in White Oak, Maryland. In 1950, he began his final active-duty assignment as commandant of the Mare Island Naval Yard.

Beatty retired from the Navy in June 1951. Decorations he earned include the Navy Cross, the Bronze Star Medal, and he was twice awarded the Legion of Merit.

## InfoBox

| Frank Edmund Beatty Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Frank E. Beatty Jr. in 1942 | |
| Born | (1894-06-17)June 17, 1894
Washington, D.C., US |
| Died | November 12, 1976(1976-11-12) (aged 82)
Santa Monica, California, US |
| Place of burial | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1916–1951 |
| Rank | Vice Admiral |
| Commands | USS *Long*
USS *Columbia* |
| Battles/wars | World War I
World War II |
| Awards | Navy Cross
Bronze Star Medal
Legion of Merit (2) |
| Relations | Frank E. Beatty (father) |


title: MasterChef Myanmar season 3

abstract: The third season of Burmese competitive reality TV cooking show MasterChef Myanmar ran from September 20, 2020 to January 31, 2021 on MRTV-4. Hsu Mon Hnin was the winner of this season. The host of this season was Thazin Nwe Win and the judges were Jean Marc Lemmery, U Ye Htut Win and Daw Phyu Phyu Tin. Henri Delorme was guest judge of this season.

text:
# MasterChef Myanmar season 3

The third season of Burmese competitive reality TV cooking show ***MasterChef Myanmar*** ran from September 20, 2020 to January 31, 2021 on MRTV-4. Hsu Mon Hnin was the winner of this season. The host of this season was Thazin Nwe Win and the judges were Jean Marc Lemmery, U Ye Htut Win and Daw Phyu Phyu Tin. Henri Delorme was guest judge of this season.

## Top 20

| Contestant | Age | Home town | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hsu Mon Hnin | 30 | Paukkaung | Winner |
| Myint Thu Htet | 23 | Yesagyo | Runner-up |
| Moe Thu | 29 | Yangon | Eliminated 18th |
| Ye Lwin Oo | 34 | Yangon | Eliminated 17th |
| Nan Htike Oo | 30 | Meiktila | Eliminated 16th |
| Min Khant Maw | 23 | Yangon | Eliminated 15th |
| Ko Sai | 29 | Myitkyina | Eliminated 14th |
| Hein Htet Aung | 29 | Kalay | Eliminated 13rd |
| Nine Nine Win | 21 | Mahlaing | Eliminated 12nd |
| Than Than Swe | 28 | Mandalay | Eliminated 11st |
| Ning Rang Roi San | 24 | Waingmaw | Eliminated 10th |
| Sai Aung Kyaw Kyaw | 20 | Namhkam, Shan State | Eliminated 9th |
| Myo Myint Oo | 22 | Myanaung | Eliminated 8th |
| Ye Pyae Paing | 28 | Bogale | Eliminated 7th |
| Lwin Lwin Kyu | 40 | Pyay | Eliminated 6th |
| Khin San Tint | 48 | Kalay | Eliminated 5th |
| Kyaw Ko Ko Zin | 25 | Yangon | Eliminated 4th |
| Hein Min Latt | 23 | Okpho | Eliminated 3rd |
| Khaing Zar Chi Than | N/A | N/A | Eliminated 2nd |
| Nyan Min Phyo | 24 | Mawlamyine | Eliminated 1st |

## InfoBox

| *MasterChef Myanmar* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 3 | |
|  | |
| Judges | * Jean Marc Lemmery * U Ye Htut Win * Daw Phyu Phyu Tin |
| No. of contestants | 20 |
| Winner | Hsu Mon Hnin |
| Runner-up | Myint Thu Htet |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network | MRTV-4 |
| Original release | September 20, 2020 (2020-09-20) <br>January 31, 2021 (2021-01-31) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner

abstract: Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner was the Postmaster General of Ceylon, between 1871 and 1896. Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner was born c.1842 in Ceylon the oldest son, of six children, to Maj. Thomas Bridges Boucher Skinner CMG (1804-1877), acting Surveyor-General of Ceylon and Georgina née Burrell (1818-1866). His father named him after Sir Edward Barnes, the Governor of Ceylon (1820-1822), of whom he was a great admirer. Skinner joined the Ceylon Civil Service on 24 October 1860 and retired on 2 June 1896, after serving 25 years as Postmaster General. His first position was at the Colonial Fiscal Office in Kandy, where he was commended by Sir Richard Francis Morgan in correspondence to the Governor Hercules Robinson. He was then appointed as acting assistant Government Agent for Kurunegala in March 1862 and was confirmed in the position in May. In 1863 he was made the assistant Government Agent for Nuwara Eliya, then acting District Judge Batticaloa in January 1866, and Fiscal for Central Province in 1867 before being appointed Postmaster General in 1871. Skinner was responsible for establishing the Ceylon Post and Telegraph Department in 1905, following the transfer of the responsibility for telegraphs from India to the Ceylon Colonial government in 1880, when on 1 July he was appointed as first Director of Telegraphs. In May 1895 he was appointed as acting Auditor, Accountant General and Controller of Revenue, in addition to his duties of Postmaster General, until the arrival of William Thomas Taylor to the colony. Skinner married Sophia Sconce (c.1846-?), they had two children, Ethel Mia (1869-1961) and Percy Cyriac Burrell (1871-1955). Percy served with Northamptonshire Regiment, where he reached the position of Major-General and commander of the 14th (Light) Division. Percy was awarded a KBE, CMG, CB and DSO for his military service. In 1896 Skinner, following his retirement at age 55, returned to England, where he died in September 1902. He is buried at St Mary the Virgin's Church in Shalford, Surrey, England. The Skinner Memorial Ward at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka is named after him.

text:
# Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner

**Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner** (1840 - September 1902) was the Postmaster General of Ceylon, between 1871 and 1896.

Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner was born c.1842 in Ceylon the oldest son, of six children, to Maj. Thomas Bridges Boucher Skinner CMG (1804-1877), acting Surveyor-General of Ceylon and Georgina née Burrell (1818-1866). His father named him after Sir Edward Barnes, the Governor of Ceylon (1820-1822), of whom he was a great admirer.

Skinner joined the Ceylon Civil Service on 24 October 1860 and retired on 2 June 1896, after serving 25 years as Postmaster General. His first position was at the Colonial Fiscal Office in Kandy, where he was commended by Sir Richard Francis Morgan in correspondence to the Governor Hercules Robinson. He was then appointed as acting assistant Government Agent for Kurunegala in March 1862 and was confirmed in the position in May. In 1863 he was made the assistant Government Agent for Nuwara Eliya, then acting District Judge Batticaloa in January 1866, and Fiscal for Central Province in 1867 before being appointed Postmaster General in 1871. Skinner was responsible for establishing the Ceylon Post and Telegraph Department in 1905, following the transfer of the responsibility for telegraphs from India to the Ceylon Colonial government in 1880, when on 1 July he was appointed as first Director of Telegraphs. In May 1895 he was appointed as acting Auditor, Accountant General and Controller of Revenue, in addition to his duties of Postmaster General, until the arrival of William Thomas Taylor to the colony.

Skinner married Sophia Sconce (c.1846-?), they had two children, Ethel Mia (1869-1961) and Percy Cyriac Burrell (1871-1955). Percy served with Northamptonshire Regiment, where he reached the position of Major-General and commander of the 14th (Light) Division. Percy was awarded a KBE, CMG, CB and DSO for his military service.

In 1896 Skinner, following his retirement at age 55, returned to England, where he died in September 1902. He is buried at St Mary the Virgin's Church in Shalford, Surrey, England.

The Skinner Memorial Ward at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka is named after him.

* Liyanage, Michael (1987). *The History of the Sri Lanka Post Office: 1815-1987*. Colombo: Union of Post & Telecommunication Officers, Sri Lanka.
* Skinner, Thomas (1891). *Fifty Years in Ceylon*. London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Edward Barnes Skinner | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1840
Ceylon |
| Died | September 1902
Shalford, Surrey, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | public servant |
| Known for | Postmaster General of Ceylon |
| Term | 1871 - 1896 |
| Predecessor | Herbert Webb Gillman |
| Successor | Charles Edward Ducat Pennycuick |
| Spouse | Sophia |


title: Thick-thumbed myotis

abstract: The thick-thumbed myotis is a species of vesper bat. It can be found in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand.

text:
# Thick-thumbed myotis

The **thick-thumbed myotis** (***Myotis rosseti***) is a species of vesper bat. It can be found in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand.

## InfoBox

| Thick-thumbed myotis | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | *Myotis* |
| Species: | ***M. rosseti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myotis rosseti***
Oey, 1951 | |
|
|  | |


title: Mastixia eugenioides

abstract: Mastixia eugenioides is a tree in the family Nyssaceae. The specific epithet eugenioides is from the Latin and refers to the resemblance of the leaves to those of the genus Eugenia.

text:
# Mastixia eugenioides

***Mastixia eugenioides*** is a tree in the family Nyssaceae. The specific epithet **eugenioides** is from the Latin and refers to the resemblance of the leaves to those of the genus *Eugenia*.

## Description

*Mastixia eugenioides* grows as a tree measuring up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 30 centimetres (10 in). The smooth bark is greyish to yellowish brown. The ovoid to oblong fruits are green, ripening purple, and measure up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

*Mastixia eugenioides* is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests from sea-level to 1,200 metres (4,000 ft) altitude.

## InfoBox

| *Mastixia eugenioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Nyssaceae |
| Genus: | *Mastixia* |
| Species: | ***M. eugenioides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mastixia eugenioides***<br>K.M.Matthew | |
|


title: Mastixia tetrandra

abstract: Mastixia tetrandra is a species of plant in the Nyssaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka where it is known as දියතලිය (diyathaliya) by local people.

text:
# Mastixia tetrandra

***Mastixia tetrandra*** is a species of plant in the Nyssaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka where it is known as දියතලිය (diyathaliya) by local people.

## InfoBox

| *Mastixia tetrandra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Nyssaceae |
| Genus: | *Mastixia* |
| Species: | ***M. tetrandra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mastixia tetrandra***
(Wight ex Thw.) C.B. Clarke | |
|


title: Mastixia cuspidata

abstract: Mastixia cuspidata is a tree in the family Nyssaceae. The specific epithet cuspidata is from the Latin meaning 'sharp-pointed', referring to the leaf apex.

text:
# Mastixia cuspidata

***Mastixia cuspidata*** is a tree in the family Nyssaceae. The specific epithet **cuspidata** is from the Latin meaning 'sharp-pointed', referring to the leaf apex.

## Description

*Mastixia cuspidata* grows as a tree measuring up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 40 centimetres (20 in). The smooth to fissured bark is greyish to brown. The flowers are green to yellow. The oblong fruits measure up to 3 cm (1 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

*Mastixia cuspidata* grows naturally in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests from sea-level to 900 metres (3,000 ft) altitude.

## InfoBox

| *Mastixia cuspidata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Nyssaceae |
| Genus: | *Mastixia* |
| Species: | ***M. cuspidata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mastixia cuspidata***<br>Blume | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mastixia bracteata* C.B.Clarke * *Mastixia pentandra* var. *cuspidata* (Blume) Miq. | |


title: Thomas Griffiths (bishop)

abstract: Thomas Griffiths was an English Catholic prelate who served as Vicar Apostolic of the London District from 1836 until his death.

text:
# Thomas Griffiths (bishop)

**Thomas Griffiths** (2 June 1791  19 August 1847) was an English Catholic prelate who served as Vicar Apostolic of the London District from 1836 until his death.

## Life

### St. Edmund's College, Old Hall

Griffiths was born in London, and was the first and only Vicar Apostolic of the London District educated wholly in England. At the age of thirteen he was sent to St. Edmund's College, Old Hall, where he went through the whole course, and was ordained priest in 1814. Four years later he was chosen as president, at the age of 27. He ruled the college for fifteen years, and did much to give the college a sound financial basis.

### Vicar Apostolic

He was then appointed coadjutor to Bishop Bramston, then Vicar Apostolic of the London District. He was consecrated as Titular Bishop of Olena at St. Edmund's College, 28 October 1833. Within three years Bishop Bramston died, and Bishop Griffiths succeeded him.

A biographical sketch by one of his priests describes Griffiths as "...silent, meditative, bland, inoffensive, ever too happy to serve and oblige everyone; patient, enduring, forgiving; unmoved by slights, unkindness, or even insults -a man after God's own heart, full of faith, of hope, of love; not one thing today and another tomorrow, but ever consistent and the same."

The agitation for a regular Catholic hierarchy in England became more and more pronounced and as a preliminary measure, in 1840, the four ecclesiastical "districts" into which England had been divided since the reign of James II of England were subdivided to form eight, Dr. Griffiths retaining the new London District. Soon after this, the Oxford movement and attendant Catholic conversions began: and the immigration of Irish Catholics grew. At the same time the growth of the British colonies, many of which had been until lately ruled as part of the London District, brought him into contact with the government. In all these spheres Griffiths discharged his duties with practical ability; but it was thought that he would not have the breadth of view or experience necessary for initiating the new hierarchy, and (according to Bishop Ullathorne) this was the reason why its establishment was postponed.

When Griffiths died, somewhat unexpectedly, in 1847 Ullathorne himself preached the funeral sermon. The body of the deceased prelate was laid temporarily in the vaults of Moorfields Church; but two years later it was removed to St. Edmund's College, where a new chapel by Augustus Pugin was in course of erection, and a special chantry was built to receive the body of Griffiths, to whose initiative the chapel was due. An oil painting of Griffiths is at Archbishop's House, Westminster; another, more modern, at St. Edmund's College.

Attribution * This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1910). "Thomas Griffiths". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The entry cites:

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
Thomas Griffiths | |
| --- | --- |
| Vicar Apostolic of the London District | |
| Appointed | 30 July 1833 (Coadjutor) |
| Installed | 11 July 1836 |
| Term ended | 12 August 1847 |
| Predecessor | James Yorke Bramston |
| Successor | Thomas Walsh |
| Other post(s) | Titular Bishop of Olena |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1814 |
| Consecration | 28 October 1833
by James Yorke Bramston |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1791-06-22)22 June 1791
London, England |
| Died | 12 August 1847(1847-08-12) (aged 56) |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |


title: Frank Hayden

abstract: Frank Joseph Hayden, is a retired physical education/kinesiology professor and pioneer of the Special Olympics from Oakville, Ontario.

text:
# Frank Hayden

**Frank Joseph Hayden**, CC OOnt is a retired physical education/kinesiology professor and pioneer of the Special Olympics from Oakville, Ontario.

## Personal life

Hayden was born in Windsor, Ontario and lives in Burlington. He completed his Bachelor of Arts (BA) at the University of Western Ontario in 1955, and a Master of Science (MS) in 1958 and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1962 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Hayden joined the faculty of the University of Western Ontario in 1964, then became director of the School of Physical Education and Athletics at McMaster University in 1975. He retired from McMaster in 1988.

## Special Olympics

While at Western in the early 1960s, Hayden researched fitness programs for disabled children. He has a notable interest in sports and fitness activities for children, especially for those who have mental disabilities. His research became known to the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, and for two years Hayden helped produce and build a fitness program and establish legislation to accommodate persons with disabilities. In 1968, he organized the first Chicago Special Olympics with the Kennedy Foundation and the Chicago Park District, and legally incorporated "Special Olympics Inc". Today this program supplies training and friendly rivalry for more than three million athletes with disabilities in over 170 countries. Hayden served as executive director of the Special Olympics from 1968 to 1972, founded and lead the Office of European Affairs for Special Olympics International in Paris from 1988 to 1990, and was a special consultant to the Canadian Special Olympics from 1994 to 2000.

## Honours

Hayden was made an officer of the Order of Canada in 2000 and a member of the Order of Ontario in 2012 A plaque in his honour was unveiled outside his former laboratory in Thames Hall at Western University in April 2012. He has also received the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. Dr. Frank J. Hayden Secondary School in Burlington, Ontario was named in his honour in 2013. In 2016 he was awarded the Order of Sport, marking his induction into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

Hayden has received honorary degrees from McMaster University (1997), the University of Calgary (1988), the University of Toronto (1999), Saint Mary's University, Halifax (2004), the University of Western Ontario (2011), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (2017).

## InfoBox

| Frank Hayden | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Windsor, Ontario |
| Occupation(s) | Professor and pioneer of the Special Olympics |
| Known for | Legally incorporated "Special Olympics Inc" |


title: Mataaho Collective

abstract: The Mataaho Collective is a group of four New Zealand artists: Erena Baker, Sarah Hudson, Bridget Reweti and Terri Te Tau. They are known for their large scale fibre-based artwork. In 2024 the Mataaho Collective received the Golden Lion award at the Venice Biennale.

text:
# Mataaho Collective

The **Mataaho Collective** is a group of four New Zealand artists: Erena Baker, Sarah Hudson, Bridget Reweti and Terri Te Tau. They are known for their large scale fibre-based artwork. In 2024 the Mataaho Collective received the Golden Lion award at the Venice Biennale.

## Formation of collective

The artists of Mataaho are Māori women artists, listed here with their Māori iwi affiliations: Erena Baker (Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai, Ngāti Toa Rangātira), Sarah Hudson (Ngāti Awa, Ngāi Tūhoe), Bridget Reweti (Ngāti Ranginui, Ngāi Te Rangi) and Terri Te Tau (Rangitāne ki Wairarapa). They are all graduates of the Toioho ki Āpiti Māori Visual Arts programme at Massey University. In 2011, the artists attended two hui (meetings) held at Poupatete Marae in Halcombe which gave them an opportunity to exchange ideas in a kaupapa Māori (Māori-focused) space.

The Mataaho Collective was established in 2012, when the group were invited to undertake a residency at Enjoy Public Art Gallery where they made their first work together:

> In early 2012 \[Enjoy curator\] Claudia Arozqueta indicated through conversation with some of the artists that she would like to have Māori women participate in the Enjoy Public Art Gallery Summer residency, which was to culminate in an exhibition. During development for the residency, the four artists decided to make a single work together, naming themselves Mataaho Collective. Their first work, *Te Whare Pora*, was inspired by customary weaving spaces as sites of wānanga for sharing and learning reigned over by the atua wahine Hineteiwaiwa. They treated the residency like a contemporary whare pora, proposing to eat, sleep and create the work all within the gallery.The contemporary kaupapa of the work was extended by the nature of the materials the collective worked with. During the month of the Enjoy Summer Residency, twenty black faux mink blankets were deconstructed and reconfigured to create a 5 x 10 m installation that covered the gallery floor space and stood up against the back wall at 90 degrees.

Since then, Mataaho has continued to work with concepts and materials relevant to contemporary Māori culture.

## Use of materials

Materials used by the collective include faux mink blankets, synthetic marine rope, reflective tape and tarpaulin. The group have stated that "As a rule, we like to address accessibility in our work through our use of material. In using ubiquitous materials that can be found both domestically and industrially, we hope that the recognisability can act as an initial ‘in’ to the work."

For the work *Te Whare Pora* the collective used faux mink blankets, describing these domestic objects as "an instantly recognisable modern Māori material. Mink blankets are readily accessible and warm, commonly used on marae, and often gifted at significant birthdays."

## Major works, commissions and awards

In 2017, Mataaho exhibited *Kiko Moana* at Documenta 14. The large scale work, made of sewn blue plastic tarpaulins, was installed at the Hessisches Landesmuseum. The work was later acquired by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and later exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 2018, as part of the *Oceania* exhibition;.

Their 2019 commission for the National Gallery of Canada's exhibition  *Àbadakone | Continuous Fire | Feu Continuel*, titled *AKA*, was nominated as a finalist in the 2021 Walters Prize. After the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, the collective presented another work, *Atapō* (created in collaboration with Maureen Lander) which was commissioned for the 2020 Auckland Art Gallery exhibition *Toi Tū, Toi Ora*.

In August 2021, Mataaho won the Walters Prize with the work *Atapō*. The juror of the prize was the British-born curator Kate Fowle.

In September 2022, Mataaho received an Arts Foundation of New Zealand Laureate Award, titled the My Art Visual Award.

In 2024 Mataaho Collective were part of the Venice Biennale in Italy in the International Exhibition, *Stranieri Ovunque – Foreigners* *Everywhere*. They won the Golden Lion, for the Best Participant, the highest prize.

## Exhibitions

Exhibitions include:

## InfoBox

Mataaho Collective
|
|  |
| Formation | 2012 |
| Headquarters | New Zealand |
| Website | www.mataahocollective.com |


title: Thomas Jefferson Lilly

abstract: Thomas Jefferson Lilly represented West Virginia in the Sixty-eighth United States Congress. He was the son of Joseph L Lilly and Martha Jane Cox. Thomas Lilly had a long career of service for his community and country. He was born in Dunns, West Virginia in Mercer County and began teaching in the rural schools of Mercer County while also tending to the family farm. He was elected Justice of the Peace and served from 1902 to 1906. After completing his term, he attended McKinley University in Chicago, Illinois, graduating with a degree in Law in 1911. He was admitted to the bar in West Virginia the same year and started practicing in Hinton, West Virginia. After spending a few years practicing law, he went back to working for the local government as both the State Commissioner of Accounts (1914–1927) and the Divorce Commissioner of Summers County (1914–1922). He ran for Congress after completing these commissions and sat as a Democratic Representative in the 68th Congress of the United States from March 4, 1923 to March 3, 1925. His reelection attempt in 1924 failed. Thomas returned to his law practice until his death in 1956 in Sweet Springs, West Virginia. He is buried in Restwood Memorial Cemetery, Hinton, West Virginia.

text:
# Thomas Jefferson Lilly

**Thomas Jefferson Lilly** (June 3, 1878 – April 2, 1956) represented West Virginia in the Sixty-eighth United States Congress. He was the son of Joseph L Lilly and Martha Jane Cox.

Thomas Lilly had a long career of service for his community and country. He was born in Dunns, West Virginia in Mercer County and began teaching in the rural schools of Mercer County while also tending to the family farm. He was elected Justice of the Peace and served from 1902 to 1906. After completing his term, he attended McKinley University in Chicago, Illinois, graduating with a degree in Law in 1911. He was admitted to the bar in West Virginia the same year and started practicing in Hinton, West Virginia.

After spending a few years practicing law, he went back to working for the local government as both the State Commissioner of Accounts (1914–1927) and the Divorce Commissioner of Summers County (1914–1922). He ran for Congress after completing these commissions and sat as a Democratic Representative in the 68th Congress of the United States from March 4, 1923 to March 3, 1925. His reelection attempt in 1924 failed.

Thomas returned to his law practice until his death in 1956 in Sweet Springs, West Virginia. He is buried in Restwood Memorial Cemetery, Hinton, West Virginia.

## Family

Thomas married Roxie May Lilly (1882–1983) and had 4 sons and 5 daughters.


title: Thomas Esmonde (VC)

abstract: Thomas Esmonde, VC was a British Army officer and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

text:
# Thomas Esmonde (VC)

**Thomas Esmonde**, VC (25 May 1829 – 14 January 1872) was a British Army officer and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life and family

Esmonde was born in Pembrokestown, County Waterford, the son of Commander James Esmonde of the Royal Navy. His older brother was Sir John Esmonde, 10th Baronet, and he was the great-uncle of Eugene Esmonde, who was to be awarded the Victoria Cross in the Second World War.

Esmonde was educated at the Jesuit-run Clongowes Wood College, County Kildare, from 1840 to 1846. In 1851 he was commissioned as an ensign in the 18th Royal Irish Regiment and served with them in the Second Burmese and Crimean Wars, gaining promotion to captain in April 1855.

## VC action

Esmonde was a 26 years old captain in the 18th Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Irish Regiment) in the British Army during the siege of Sebastopol, Crimean War, when the following deeds took place on the 18 and 20 June 1855 for which he was awarded the VC:

> For having, after being engaged in the attack on the Redan, repeatedly assisted, at great personal risk under a heavy fire of shell and grape, in rescuing wounded men from exposed situations; and also, while in command of a covering party, two days after, for having rushed with the most prompt and daring gallantry to a spot where a fire-ball-from the enemy had just been lodged, which he effectually extinguished, before it had betrayed the position of the working party under his protection, – thus saving it from a murderous fire of shell and grape, which was immediately opened upon the spot where the fire-ball had fallen.

For his Crimean service, Esmonde was also made a Brevet Major in December 1857. He received his VC from Queen Victoria on 2 August 1858 at Southsea, Hampshire.

## Later years

In November 1858, Esmonde married Matilda O’Kelly, with whom he had five children. In May 1865 he was appointed Deputy Inspector-General of the Royal Irish Constabulary, while remaining in the army on half-pay on the unattached list, where he was promoted to Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel in December 1868. He formally retired from the army in April 1871.

While out hunting in Belgium, Esmonde suffered a severe eye injury when his horse rode into a bush. This led to his hospitalisation and ultimately caused his death in Bruges on 14 January 1872, at St Julian's Hospital. He was buried at the Central Cemetery of Bruges. In 2017 his grave was restored by volunteers from the Victoria Cross Trust.

Esmonde's medals, including his VC, are in the possession of the Esmonde family, and have been loaned to the Imperial War Museum in London for display in the Ashcroft Gallery.

## Literature

* Roland ROTSAERT *Thomas Esmonde en zijn graf op de Centrale Begraafplaats*, in: Brugs Ommeland, 2017.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Esmonde | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Esmonde | |
| Born | (1829-05-25)25 May 1829
Pembrokestown, County Waterford, Ireland |
| Died | 14 January 1872(1872-01-14) (aged 42)
Bruges, Belgium |
| Buried | Bruges Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1851–1871 |
| Rank | Lieutenant Colonel |
| Unit | 18th Regiment of Foot |
| Battles/wars | Crimean War
Second Anglo-Burmese War |
| Awards | Victoria Cross |


title: Thomas Espenshade

abstract: Thomas J. Espenshade is an American sociologist known for his work on social demography. He is an emeritus professor of sociology at Princeton University's Office of Population Research, as well as the director of the National Study of College Experience and the Campus Life in America Student Survey. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Princeton in 1972 and joined their faculty in 1988.

text:
# Thomas Espenshade

**Thomas J. Espenshade** (born March 17, 1943) is an American sociologist known for his work on social demography. He is an emeritus professor of sociology at Princeton University's Office of Population Research, as well as the director of the National Study of College Experience and the Campus Life in America Student Survey. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Princeton in 1972 and joined their faculty in 1988.

## Research

Espenshade is known for his work in the field of social demography, and is especially known for his work on population economics, demography and racial diversity in higher education in the United States. His 2009 book *No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life*, co-authored with Alexandria Walton Radford, explores the issue of affirmative action in the United States from a quantitative perspective. The book concluded that Asian American applicants to United States colleges were much more likely to be rejected by seven elite colleges than were similar members of any other race. It received the American Sociological Association's Pierre Bourdieu Award, which is given to the year's best book on sociology of education, in 2011.

## InfoBox

| Thomas J. Espenshade | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-03-17) March 17, 1943 |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | College of Wooster (B.A., 1965), Yale University (M.A.T., 1966), Princeton University (Ph.D., 1972) |
| Awards | American Sociological Association's 2011 Pierre Bourdieu Award for *No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life* (with Alexandria Walton Radford) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Sociology, demography |
| Institutions | Princeton University |
| Thesis | *The cost of children in urban United States*  (1972) |
|  | |


title: Matt Carmichael (jazz musician)

abstract: Matt Carmichael is a Scottish jazz saxophonist known for his albums Where Will The River Flow and Marram.

text:
# Matt Carmichael (jazz musician)

**Matt Carmichael** is a Scottish jazz saxophonist known for his albums *Where Will The River Flow* and *Marram.*

## Early life and education

Born in the Scottish Highlands, Carmichael began playing saxophone at the age of 11. Carmichael played in the East Dunbartonshire School's Jazz Orchestra and Tommy Smith Youth Jazz Orchestra before enrolling at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland.

## Career

Carmichael won the Peter Whittingham Jazz Award in 2019 and was a finalist in the 2020 BBC Young Jazz Musician competition. His style has been described as a combination of lyrical jazz and folk jazz. Carmichael is signed to Edition Records. He released his first album, *Where Will The River Flow*, in 2021. His second, *Marram*, was released in 2022.

1. Jazz, All About (2021-04-18). "Matt Carmichael: Where Will The River Flow album review @ All About Jazz". *All About Jazz*. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
2. "BBC Four - BBC Young Musician, 2020, Jazz Final - Matt Carmichael". *BBC*. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
3. "Matt Carmichael". *Edition Records*. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
4. Bannond, Matty (2022-09-17). "The Matt Carmichael Quintet at eastPLUGGED, Ratingen". *Jazz Journal*. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
5. "Glasgow-based saxophonist Matt Carmichael releases "Where Will the River Flow" – Jazz in Europe". Retrieved 2022-09-26.
6. londonjazz (2021-02-28). "Matt Carmichael – 'Where Will The River Flow'". *London Jazz News*. Retrieved 2022-09-26.

## InfoBox

| Matt Carmichael | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Lenzie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland |
| Genres | Jazz, folk jazz |
| Instrument | Tenor saxophone |


title: Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain

abstract: Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain was King of Thomond during 1360–69. His name is Anglicized as Mathghamhain O'Brien of Maonmhagh. Mathghamhain was the son of Muircheartach Ó Briain King of Thomond and was preceded by his uncle Dairmaid macToirdelbaig O'Brien. His son Brian Sreamhach MacMathghamhna O'Brien succeeded him as King of Thomond. He died in 1369 and was buried in Ennis Abbey, County Clare, Ireland. His nickname, Maonmhaighe, derived from his foster-home.

text:
# Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain

**Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain** was King of Thomond during 1360–69. His name is Anglicized as Mathghamhain O'Brien of Maonmhagh.

Mathghamhain was the son of Muircheartach Ó Briain King of Thomond and was preceded by his uncle Dairmaid macToirdelbaig O'Brien.

His son Brian Sreamhach MacMathghamhna O'Brien succeeded him as King of Thomond. He died in 1369 and was buried in Ennis Abbey, County Clare, Ireland.

His nickname, Maonmhaighe, derived from his foster-home.

* Tompsett, Brian (7 March 2005). "O'Brien, Mathghamhain of Maonmhagh, King of Thomond". *Hull Royal Genealogical Database*. University of Hull. Retrieved 26 August 2009.


abstract: Mathghamhain mac Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair was Prince of Connacht. Mathghamhain one of the seven sons of King Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair of Connacht. He was a grandson of King of Ireland, Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair. The Annals of the Four Masters, sub anno 1196, state that "Mahon, the son of Conor Moinmoy, Roydamna of Connacht, was slain by O'More (Donnell) and the men of Leix, who attempted to prevent him from bearing off the spoil which he had taken from the English; but O'More was killed by Cathal Carrach, in revenge of him."

text:
# Mathghamhain mac Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair

**Mathghamhain mac Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair** (died 1196) was Prince of Connacht.

Mathghamhain one of the seven sons of King Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair of Connacht (assassinated 1189). He was a grandson of King of Ireland, Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair.

The Annals of the Four Masters, *sub anno* 1196, state that "Mahon, the son of Conor Moinmoy, Roydamna of Connacht, was slain by O'More (Donnell) and the men of Leix, who attempted to prevent him from bearing off the spoil which he had taken from the English; but O'More was killed by Cathal Carrach, in revenge of him."

## Sources


title: Hanfried Lenz

abstract: Hanfried Lenz was a German mathematician, who is mainly known for his work in geometry and combinatorics. Hanfried Lenz was the eldest son of Fritz Lenz an influential German geneticist, who is associated with Eugenics and hence also with the Nazi racial policies during the Third Reich. He was also the older brother of Widukind Lenz, a geneticist. He started to study mathematics and physics at the University of Tübingen, but interrupted his studies from 1935 to 1937 to do a military service. After that he continued to study in Munich, Berlin and Leipzig. In 1939 when World War II broke out in Europe, he became a soldier in the western front and during a vacation he passed the exams for his teacher certification. He married Helene Ranke in 1943 and 1943–45 he worked on radar technology in a laboratory near Berlin. After World War II Hanfried Lenz was classified as a "follower" by the denazification process. He started to work as a math and physics teacher in Munich and in 1949 he became an assistant at the Technical University of Munich. He received his PhD in 1951 and his Habilitation in 1953. He worked as a lecturer until he became an associate professor in 1959. In 1969 he finally became a full professor at the Free University of Berlin and worked there until his retirement in 1984. He was also politically active and in connection with his opposition to the rebuilding of the German army in the early 50s, he became a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1954. Later, partially due to being alienated by the student movement of the '60s, his leanings became more conservative again and in 1972 he left the SPD to join the Christian Democratic Union. Hanfried Lenz is known for his work on the classification of projective planes and in 1954 he showed how one can introduce affine spaces axiomatically without constructing them from projective spaces or vector spaces. This result is now known as the theorem of Lenz. During his later years he also worked in the area of combinatorics and published a book on design theory. In 1995 the Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications awarded the Euler Medal to Hanfried Lenz.

text:
# Hanfried Lenz

**Hanfried Lenz** (22 April 1916 in Munich  1 June 2013 in Berlin) was a German mathematician, who is mainly known for his work in geometry and combinatorics.

Hanfried Lenz was the eldest son of Fritz Lenz an influential German geneticist, who is associated with Eugenics and hence also with the Nazi racial policies during the Third Reich. He was also the older brother of Widukind Lenz, a geneticist. He started to study mathematics and physics at the University of Tübingen, but interrupted his studies from 1935 to 1937 to do a ( at this time, in Weimar Republic voluntary ) military service. After that he continued to study in Munich, Berlin and Leipzig. In 1939 when World War II broke out in Europe, he became a soldier in the western front and during a vacation he passed the exams for his teacher certification. He married Helene Ranke in 1943 and 1943–45 he worked on radar technology in a laboratory near Berlin.

After World War II Hanfried Lenz was classified as a "follower" by the denazification process. He started to work as a math and physics teacher in Munich and in 1949 he became an assistant at the Technical University of Munich. He received his PhD in 1951 and his Habilitation in 1953. He worked as a lecturer until he became an associate professor in 1959. In 1969 he finally became a full professor at the Free University of Berlin and worked there until his retirement in 1984.

He was also politically active and in connection with his opposition to the rebuilding of the German army in the early 50s, he became a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1954. Later, partially due to being alienated by the student movement of the '60s, his leanings became more conservative again and in 1972 he left the SPD to join the Christian Democratic Union.

Hanfried Lenz is known for his work on the classification of projective planes and in 1954 he showed how one can introduce affine spaces axiomatically without constructing them from projective spaces or vector spaces. This result is now known as the theorem of Lenz. During his later years he also worked in the area of combinatorics and published a book on design theory (together with Dieter Jungnickel and Thomas Beth).

In 1995 the Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications awarded the Euler Medal to Hanfried Lenz.

## InfoBox

| Hanfried Lenz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1916-04-22)22 April 1916
Munich, Germany |
| Died | 1 June 2013(2013-06-01) (aged 97)
Berlin, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Tübingen
Technical University of Munich |
| Known for | Lenz-Barlotti classification |
| Awards | Euler Medal (1995) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Geometry, combinatorics |
| Thesis | *Zurückführung einiger Integrale auf einfachere mit Anwendungen auf Abbildungsaufgaben*  (1952) |
| Doctoral advisor | Josef Lense |
| Doctoral students | Ludwig Danzer
Dieter Jungnickel |
|  | |


abstract: The Global Commission on Internet Governance, chaired by Carl Bildt and launched by two think tanks, the Canadian Centre for International Governance Innovation and UK-based Chatham House, was formed in January 2014 to make recommendations about the future of global internet governance. It is also considered one of the international initiatives that facilitate effective cooperation between relevant international actors, particularly according to the principles of internet governance.

text:
# Global Commission on Internet Governance

The **Global Commission on Internet Governance**, chaired by Carl Bildt and launched by two think tanks, the Canadian Centre for International Governance Innovation and UK-based Chatham House, was formed in January 2014 to make recommendations about the future of global internet governance. It is also considered one of the international initiatives that facilitate effective cooperation between relevant international actors, particularly according to the principles of internet governance.

## Activities

The Commission's research advisory network, led by Laura DeNardis, produces original research on Internet Governance topics such as the dark web, cybersecurity, and internet freedom. For instance, a research published in January 2017 entitled *Who Runs the Internet? The Global Multi-stakeholder Model of Internet Governance* described a "multistakeholder" framework wherein the management of the global Internet architecture is in the hands of a cluster of international stakeholders such as industry, academic and non-governmental actors. There is a criticism from some countries against the current attempts at a multistakeholder process that cite how these appear to be led by Western nations.


title: Jüdische Zeitung

abstract: The Jüdische Zeitung was a monthly newspaper in German language, founded in autumn 2005 by Werner Media Group Berlin. It ceased publication in 2014. The target audience of the monthly publication was the German-speaking Jewish community as well as all readers interested in topics of Judaism. The journal informed about relevant events from Europe, the US and especially from Israel. Upon its formation it joined the previously founded monthly newspaper Еврейская газета published in the Russian language in Germany also by the same publishing house, published since 2002.

text:
# Jüdische Zeitung

The **Jüdische Zeitung** (English *Jewish newspaper*) was a monthly newspaper in German language, founded in autumn 2005 by Werner Media Group Berlin. It ceased publication in 2014. The target audience of the monthly publication was the German-speaking Jewish community as well as all readers interested in topics of Judaism. The journal informed about relevant events from Europe, the US and especially from Israel. Upon its formation it joined the previously founded monthly newspaper **Еврейская газета** (English *Jewish newspaper*) published in the Russian language in Germany also by the same publishing house, published since 2002.

## Topics

* current political, religious (not only Jewish), social, cultural and economic events in Germany
* world affairs and Diaspora
* tradition and modernity
* Jewish community and contemporary Judaism
* interreligious dialogue
* views and disputes about current questions of Judaism and many general social, relevant themes
* updated Jewish art and culture
* science and education in Jewish context
* history of Judaism

## InfoBox

Jüdische Zeitung
| Type | monthly newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Founder(s) | Werner Media Group Berlin |
| Founded | autumn 2005 |
| Language | German |
| Ceased publication | 2014 |
| Country | Germany |
| Website | j-zeit.de |
|  | |


title: Grewia occidentalis

abstract: Grewia occidentalis, the crossberry, is a species of deciduous tree, indigenous to Southern Africa.

text:
# Grewia occidentalis

***Grewia occidentalis***, the **crossberry**, is a species of deciduous tree, indigenous to Southern Africa.

## Description

A dense, attractive shrub or small tree with dark green leaves 3-10m high, sometimes scrambling. The common names are "crossberry" and "four-corner." Its simple leaves are shiny, deep green and slightly fleshy, about 5-7cm long with small rounded teeth. The sepals and petals form unusual double star-shaped flowers, purple, mauve, pink or rarely white, 1.5-3cm across. Flower time is summer, followed by four-lobed fruits (drupes). These shiny reddish-brown berry-like fruits remain on the tree after maturity and attract fruit-eating birds.

## Distribution and Habitat

Grewia occidentalis occurs naturally across south-eastern Africa, where its range extends from Cape Town along the coast to Mozambique and inland to Zimbabwe.

The native habitats of the plant are extremely varied, it is found in both the arid karoo of western South Africa and from the Highveld, and across the Afromontane forests of the Drakensberg range along the eastern coastline.

## Growing *Grewia occidentalis*

This decorative garden plant tolerates both light frost and drought. It also grows in both full sun or shade. The root system is not aggressive and can therefore be planted near buildings and paving, and it is very good at attracting butterflies and birds to the garden. The crossberry is best propagated from seed, although even then it can be erratic, as usually the seed needs to pass through the gut of a monkey before germination commences.

The berries are eaten locally, either fresh and raw, fermented with traditional beer, or used with goats milk to make berry yoghurt.

Media related to Grewia occidentalis at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Grewia occidentalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Fruits | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Grewia* |
| Species: | ***G. occidentalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Grewia occidentalis***
L. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Grewia chirindae* Baker f. * *Grewia microphylla*  Weim. * *Grewia obtusifolia*  Eckl. & Zeyh. * *Grewia trinervis*  E.Mey. * *Grewia ulmifolia*  Salisb. | |


title: Milda (mythology)

abstract: Milda, in the Lithuanian mythology, is the goddess of love. However, her authenticity is debated by scholars. Despite the uncertainty, Milda became a popular female given name in Lithuania. Neo-pagan societies and communities, including Romuva, organize various events in honor of goddess Milda in May. The Milda Mons, a mountain on Venus, is named after her.

text:
# Milda (mythology)

**Milda**, in the Lithuanian mythology, is the goddess of love. However, her authenticity is debated by scholars. Despite the uncertainty, Milda became a popular female given name in Lithuania. Neo-pagan societies and communities, including Romuva, organize various events in honor of goddess Milda in May. The Milda Mons, a mountain on Venus, is named after her.

## Narbutt's information

Milda was first mentioned by Teodor Narbutt in his 1835 work on the history of Lithuania. According to Narbutt, Milda was also known as Aleksota. Her temples stood in Aleksotas, Kaunas and in Antakalnis, Vilnius, where the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul now stands. The month of April was dedicated to Milda. In a December 1835 letter to Narbutt, Szymon Ławrynowicz (a teacher from Kaunas) described two figurines found at the House of Perkūnas at the end of the 18th or beginning of the 19th centuries. Narbutt identified the figurines as those of Perkūnas, the god of thunder, and Milda. Another bronze figurine was found at Vilnius Castle Complex and acquired by Adam Honory Kirkor and Władysław Syrokomla who with the help from Narbutt identified it as that of Milda. This figurine was later held at the Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius.

## Scholastic analysis

However, other authors, including Aleksander Brückner, Norbertas Vėlius, Gintaras Beresnevičius, expressed serious doubts whether such goddess actually existed in the Lithuanian mythology due to lack of evidence.

According to Norbertas Vėlius, Narbutt invented Milda borrowing the idea of a beautiful Roman nymph Alexothe from the writings of Dominik Szybiński. As one of Kaunas' suburbs is Aleksotas, it was only natural that Milda's temple stood there. There is no evidence, either in written documents, archaeological research, or folklore, to support Narbutt's claims. In the same vein, Latvian ethnographer Pēteris Šmits argues that Milda is a fabrication by Narbutt, since there are no traces of her as a deity either in the languages, the historical chronicles, or in Baltic folk tradition.

## Cultural legacy

Narbutt's information was later repeated and popularized by many other writers and historians, including Dionizas Poška, Jonas Totoraitis, Pranė Dundulienė. Milda owes her popularity to Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. In 1840, he wrote *Anafielas*, a three-part epic poem in Polish. The first part, *Witolorauda*, mentioned Milda and her festival in early May. The poem was translated into Lithuanian and published several times popularizing the goddess. Its Polish publication in 1846 was illustrated with 50 woodcuts by Wincenty Smokowski. His image of Milda continues to influence Milda's representations. In 1918, Petras Vaičiūnas wrote a poetic play dedicated to Milda.

## Further reading


title: Rockin' (Frankie Laine album)

abstract: Rockin' is a 1957 album by Frankie Laine which reached No.13 on the US album chart. Laine was backed by the Paul Weston Orchestra.

text:
# Rockin' (Frankie Laine album)

***Rockin'*** is a 1957 album by Frankie Laine which reached No.13 on the US album chart. Laine was backed by the Paul Weston Orchestra.

## Track listing

1. By the River Ste. Marie
2. Black and Blue
3. That's My Desire
4. Blue Turning Grey Over You
5. That Lucky Old Sun
6. That Ain't Right
7. Shine
8. Rockin' Chair
9. We'll Be Together Again
10. West End Blues
11. Give Me a Kiss for tomorrow
12. On the Sunny Side of the Street

## InfoBox

| Rockin' | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Frankie Laine | |
| Released | 1957 (1957) |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Columbia |
| Frankie Laine chronology | |
| *Frankie Laine and the Four Lads*
(1956) ***Rockin'***
(1957) *Frankie Laine's Greatest Hits*
(1958) | |