title: Tallebudgera Post Office

abstract: Tallebudgera Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 17 Trees Road, Tallebudgera, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 1 October 2007.

text:
# Tallebudgera Post Office

**Tallebudgera Post Office** is a heritage-listed former post office at 17 Trees Road, Tallebudgera, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 1 October 2007.

## History

The former Tallebudgera Post Office was officially opened in 1878 and was in operation until March 1958. It was a privately owned and built building. Tallebudgera was located along the main stock route between Queensland and New South Wales and was a stopover point for the Cobb and Co. Coaches. In 2002, the deteriorating property was purchased and restored by the Gold Coast City Council (GCCC). The GCCC now maintains the site as a museum piece for educational and historical purposes.

Settlement of the Gold Coast area by Europeans began in the hinterland with the harvesting of cedar timber which was shipped south to Sydney or north to Brisbane. Timber getters began moving through the heavily forested Tallebudgera area in the mid 1840s opening the way for the early settlers who came when land runs began to be granted from the 1850s. By the early 1870s, the Tallebudgera area was permanently settled. The population mainly consisted of timber getters and small crop farmers with dairy farming becoming important in the area from the 1890s.

Tallebudgera's location along the main stock route between Queensland and New South Wales, which became the early coach road between Nerang and the border, led to it becoming a convenient stop and changeover point for Cobb and Co. coaches. To serve the coach road traffic, and the wider farming community, a small village began to develop near the intersection of the Old Coach Road and Trees Road. During the 1870s, a number of businesses and services began to appear including an accommodation house for travellers, the Rose and Crown Hotel, a general store, blacksmith, wheelwright, stables and school. Expansion continued in the 1880s with the establishment of a police station, a Presbyterian church, Catholic church and further construction and trade.

The establishment of a post office was an important element in the development of rural communities, providing both access to a communication network and a focal point where the community could share information.They became an integral part of the social system, providing a link to friends and family who were often many years distant. They also provided a link to the authorities of the colonies, becoming the principal symbol of civil governance in the most isolated areas. Particularly where communities were in remote rural or outback areas, the post office became a symbol of the presence of civilisation. Post offices were nearly always the first government service of facility established in towns, and often the first government building.

The post office was one of the main agencies of the government in the nineteenth century and nearly always also included a telegraph office in the same building. The buildings constructed for post and telegraph office use were, as a result, usually sited in prominent locations, and were among the more important government buildings in the town. In small towns, or when a town was first established, existing businesses often agreed to provide post office facilities and then, when the town grew, the government replaced these facilities with purpose built post offices. Privately owned and built post offices were unusual in Queensland.

The site of the post office was part of an area of land acquired by Stephen Tobin through a Deed of Grant in 1870. In 1872, a mail receiving service office was opened and in 1878 the Tallebudgera Post Office officially opened with Stephen Tobin listed as the first Post Master.

Although the post office provided an official government service, there is no documentary evidence to suggest the Tallebudgera building was ever owned by the government. The size of the post office, consisting of just one room, suggests that it was privately owned and built as even the smallest post offices built by the colonial government in the late nineteenth century period had floor areas larger than one room and often combined office space with living areas. That this building was never replaced by a more permanent, government building suggests, that in the eyes of the government, Tallebudgera was not deemed to be large enough to warrant a government facility.

With Federation in 1901, postal and telegraph services became a Commonwealth responsibility. All administrative functions of the Tallebudgera Post Office were transferred to the Commonwealth, but the building remained privately owned. The post office provided a number of services including a trunk line and telephone exchange, postal services, cash-on-delivery parcels, money order and savings bank services, payment of old age and war service pensions and telegraph by telephone. However, in the years after the Second World War the range of facilities gradually declined and by the post office's permanent closure in 1958, only basic postal services were being provided.

The ever growing landscape of the Gold Coast has left little evidence of its somewhat humble beginnings. Most early buildings have been demolished or relocated to other sites as development spreads throughout the area. The former Tallebudgera Post Office, as one of the Gold Coast's earliest, surviving buildings, vividly demonstrates the area's history and development.

## Description

The former Tallebudgera Post Office is located at 17 Trees Road, Tallebudgera.

The original building is a small, single roomed structure with a verandah at the front. It is constructed from timber in the style known as "board and batten". The building is elevated off the ground on timber stumps with the front of the building being approximately 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) above the ground and the rear of the building being approximately 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above the ground. The roof is corrugated iron. Inside the building there are timber shelves attached to the rear and right walls. The inside of the roof was originally lined with wood panels and a small portion of this remains.

A "lean to" extension at the rear of the building has been added at a later, unknown date. The extension has been built from sheets of corrugated iron. It sits on the ground with the bare earth as the floor.

The original building (excluding the extension) measures approximately 5.10 metres (16.7 ft) in width by 6.0 metres (19.7 ft) in length, inclusive of the verandah which is 2.30 metres (7 ft 7 in). The extension adds another 4.0 metres (13.1 ft) to the length of the building.

The building contains mostly original materials. Any new timber used in the restoration process has been date stamped and where possible other new materials, such as rose-headed nails, duplicate those of the original building.

A mature camphor laurel tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is located on the left side of the building with its branches spreading over the roof of the building. An early photograph of the building from 1917 also shows the camphor laurel tree.

## Heritage listing

Tallebudgera Post Office (former) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 1 October 2007 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Established in 1878, the former Tallebudgera Post Office, is one of the earliest surviving buildings on the Gold Coast and is important in demonstrating the evolution of postal services in Queensland, the early history and development of the Tallebudgera area and the small rural towns that comprised the hinterland area.

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

The former Tallebudgera Post Office is a rare example of a privately owned and purpose built post office. Few other post offices like this are known to survive in Queensland. Its construction history, ownership, and uncommon building form are all significant. With a single room and verandah, the former post office has value as an unusual building form of the late nineteenth century. It is also one of the oldest and one of the few remaining timber post office buildings in Queensland erected c.1869 \- c.1885.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

The former Tallebudgera Post Office is an important example of late nineteenth century building techniques. The building contains evidence of early construction methods and finishes and is interesting as a transitional example in the manner in which it is elevated high above the ground at a time when most buildings were set upon the ground or only just above. It is constructed of timber in an early "board and batten" system, predating the later light timber construction that became known as the Queenslander style. Although the structure has been restored, most of the original building is still standing. It is one of few remaining timber structures from the late nineteenth century left in the Gold Coast area.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

The former Tallebudgera Post Office has important aesthetic significance. It is an intact structure which is an evocative reminder of late nineteenth century village life in the Gold Coast hinterland. The setting of the building with the adjacent mature camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) tree enhances the rural nature of the building and the entire site.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

The former Tallebudgera Post Office has a strong association with the general community of Tallebudgera for the crucial role it played in the provision of essential postal and telecommunication services.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

Media related to Tallebudgera Post Office at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tallebudgera Post Office | |
| --- | --- |
| Building in 2015 | |
| Location | 17 Trees Road, Tallebudgera, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 28°08′30″S 153°25′38″E / 28.1416°S 153.4272°E / -28.1416; 153.4272 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Tallebudgera Post Office (former) |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 1 October 2007 |
| Reference no. | 602624 |
| Significant period | 1870s |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Tallebudgera Post Office in QueenslandTallebudgera Post Office (Australia) | |


title: Tallebudgera Valley, Queensland

abstract: Tallebudgera Valley is an outer locality in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It borders New South Wales. In the 2021 census, Tallebudgera Valley had a population of 1,762 people. Ingleside is a neighbourhood within Tallebudgera Valley.

text:
# Tallebudgera Valley, Queensland

**Tallebudgera Valley** is an outer locality in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It borders New South Wales. In the 2021 census, Tallebudgera Valley had a population of 1,762 people.

**Ingleside** is a neighbourhood within Tallebudgera Valley (28°09′57″S 153°22′54″E / 28.1658°S 153.3817°E / -28.1658; 153.3817 (Ingleside)).

## Geography

Tallebudgera Valley is situated in the Gold Coast hinterland along the Queensland/New South Wales border. In the far south west of the suburb the elevation rises to 800 m above sea level. This area is protected within Springbrook National Park.

Tallebudgera Valley has the following mountains:

## History

Westbury Provisional School opened in 21 Mar 1892, becoming Westbury State School on 1 January 1909. It was renamed Ingleside State School on 25 January 1926.

Tallebudgera Upper State School opened in 1923 and closed circa 1942. It was on the western side of Tallebudgera Creek Road (approx 28°12′20″S 153°20′02″E / 28.20565°S 153.33389°E / -28.20565; 153.33389 (Tallebudgera Upper State School (former))).

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, Tallebudgera Valley recorded a population of 1,557 people, 49.2% female and 50.8% male. The median age of the Tallebudgera Valley population was 43 years, 6 years above the national median of 37. 74.3% of people living in Tallebudgera Valley were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 5.8%, New Zealand 5.5%, South Africa 0.9%, Netherlands 0.8%, Germany 0.6%. 89% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 0.8% French, 0.6% Dutch, 0.4% German, 0.3% Norwegian, 0.3% Maltese.

In the 2016 census, Tallebudgera Valley had a population of 1,624 people.

In the 2021 census, Tallebudgera Valley had a population of 1,762 people.

## Education

Ingleside State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 893 Tallebudgera Creek Road (28°09′56″S 153°22′53″E / 28.1656°S 153.3814°E / -28.1656; 153.3814 (Ingleside State School)). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 109 students with 13 teachers (7 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).

## Amenities

The Gold Coast City Council operates a fortnightly mobile library service which visits Ingleside State School, Tallebudgera Creek Road.

## InfoBox

| Tallebudgera Valley
Gold Coast, Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Tallebudgera Creek Dam, 2015 | |
| Tallebudgera Valley | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 28°11′09″S 153°21′46″E / 28.1858°S 153.3627°E / -28.1858; 153.3627 (Tallebudgera Valley (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 1,762 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 29.32/km2 (75.93/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4228 |
| Area | 60.1 km2 (23.2 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| LGA(s) | City of Gold Coast |
| State electorate(s) | Mudgeeraba |
| Federal division(s) | McPherson |
| **Suburbs around Tallebudgera Valley:**  Austinville Bonogin
Reedy Creek Burleigh Heads  Springbrook Tallebudgera Valley Tallebudgera  *Numinbah (NSW)* *Upper Crystal Creek (NSW)*
*Dungay NSW)* Currumbin Valley | |


title: Owen Dougherty

abstract: Owen J. Dougherty was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Indiana University of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1981, compiling a record of 17–13. Dougherty was also the head baseball coach at IUP from 1963 to 1969 and again in 1990, tallying a mark of 133–58. Dougherty died after heart surgery on February 27, 1991, at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

text:
# Owen Dougherty

**Owen J. Dougherty** (September 14, 1929 – February 27, 1991) was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Indiana University of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1981, compiling a record of 17–13. Dougherty was also the head baseball coach at IUP from 1963 to 1969 and again in 1990, tallying a mark of 133–58.

Dougherty died after heart surgery on February 27, 1991, at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **IUP Indians** *(Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference)* (1979–1981) | | | | | | | | |
| 1979 | IUP | 7–3 | 3–3 | 3rd (West) |  |
| 1980 | IUP | 6–4 | 3–3 | T–4th (West) |  |
| 1981 | IUP | 4–6 | 2–4 | T–5th (West) |  |
| **IUP:** | | 17–13 | 8–10 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 17–13 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Owen Dougherty
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-09-14)September 14, 1929
Dunmore, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | February 27, 1991(1991-02-27) (aged 61)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1949–1950 | Penn State |
| Baseball | |
| 1949–1951 | Penn State |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Quarterback (football)
Pitcher (baseball) |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1956–1968 | Indiana State / IUP (assistant) |
| 1979–1981 | IUP |
| Baseball | |
| 1963–1969 | IUP |
| 1990 | IUP |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 17–13 (football)
133–58 (baseball) |
|  | |


title: Enchanted Forest (game)

abstract: Enchanted Forest is a board game designed by Alex Randolph and Samuel Etchie in 1981, that requires players to remember the locations of fairytale treasures. The first edition of the game was published by Ravensburger in Germany in 1981 under the original name Sagaland.

text:
# Enchanted Forest (game)

***Enchanted Forest*** is a board game designed by Alex Randolph and Samuel Etchie in 1981, that requires players to remember the locations of fairytale treasures. The first edition of the game was published by Ravensburger in Germany in 1981 under the original name ***Sagaland***.

## Gameplay

Before gameplay commences, the scene is set by a king wanting to find an heir to the throne, as in his old age, he has borne no children. Through the years, he has heard about the magical and mythical treasures that lie hidden in the Enchanted Forest below his large castle. He, therefore, proclaims that whoever finds three of these treasures for him will succeed him. From here on in, gameplay begins.

The board consists of a village (the starting place), the Enchanted Forest itself, and the castle to which players will reveal hidden treasures to the king. Each space is a circle and, depending on the edition of the game, the trees that contain pictures of the treasures on their bottom faces will be placed at specifically coloured circles (generally blue or noted by a tree symbol). There are a maximum of six playing pieces, and each treasure depicted on the bottom of the thirteen trees corresponds to a card. These thirteen cards are placed face downward at the castle, except the top card (the treasure the king is currently seeking), which is face up.

Movement is focused around throwing two dice. According to the general rule, each dice throw outcome is considered a separate move. For example, a 5 and 3 could be consider as either 8 in one direction, or 5 in one direction and 3 in the other. As each player throws the dice, their aim is to land on a circle that corresponds to a tree. Once a player lands on that space by the end of their move, they may look under the tree and must remember the treasure found there.

Once a player knows where the currently sought treasure is, they should make his way to the castle. By landing on another specific circle, that player can then guess where the treasure is. If correct, the player keeps the top card, and the next is turned over. However, if wrong, the player must replace the tree and immediately return to the village.

Once a player gains three treasure cards, that player wins, and the game is over.

## Editions

### *Sagaland*

* 1981 - Sagaland (German)
* 1994 - Sagaland (German 2nd Edition)

### *Enchanted Forest*

* 1982 - Enchanted Forest(English)
* 1986 - Den Förtrollade Skrogen (Swedish)
* 1987 - Enchanted Forest (English)
* 1990 - Enchanted Forest (English 2nd Edition)
* 1990 - Fabuleux trésors (French)
* 1994 - Enchanted Forest (English 3rd Edition)
* 1994 - Η Χωρα του Παραμυθιου (Greek)
* 1996 - Il Regno delle Fiabe (Italian)
* 1996 - Sprookjesland (Dutch)
* 1997 - The Wizard of Oz (English)
* 2007 - Efteling Sprookjesspel (Dutch 2nd Edition)
* 2010 - Sprookjesboom Spel (Dutch 3rd Edition)
* 2010 - Disney Rapunzel Enchanted Forest Game (English/German/French/Dutch/Italian/Spanish/Portuguese)
* 2014 - Filly Butterfly: Sagaland (French/German/Italian 3rd Edition)
* 2021 - Raya's Journey: An Enchanted Forest Game
* 2022 - Disney Princess Enchanted Forest Sagaland

## Reception

Alan R. Moon reviewed *Enchanted Forest* for *Games International* magazine, and gave it 4 stars out of 5, and stated that "*Enchanted Forest* is an example of elegant simplicity. It is a must for a gamer's collection."

## Awards


title: Enduro (mountain biking)

abstract: Enduro is a type of mountain bike racing where the downhills are timed, and the uphills are mandatory but not timed. Riders are timed in stages that are primarily downhill, with neutral "transfer" stages in between. The transfer stages usually must be completed within a time-limit, but are not part of the accumulated time.

text:
# Enduro (mountain biking)

**Enduro** is a type of mountain bike racing where the downhills are timed, and the uphills are mandatory but not timed. Riders are timed in stages that are primarily downhill, with neutral "transfer" stages in between. The transfer stages usually must be completed within a time-limit, but are not part of the accumulated time.

## Background

Enduros typically take place over one or two days, however, week-long competitions also exist such as the Trans-Savoie (France), the Andes Pacifico (Chile), and the Pisgah Stage Race (United States). A typical one-day enduro consists of 3 to 5 timed stages which take place on technically demanding, generally descending terrain, and often with sections of singletrack. These stages are linked by predominantly ascending "transfer" stages. Although a rider's performance on the physically demanding transfer stages does not affect his or her result, they often have a time-limit, or a latest allowed arrival-time for the start of the next stage.

According to the Enduro World Series 2015 Rule Book, a minimum of four special stages is required per event, a minimum of three different courses must be used, and the results will be calculated by adding all stage times together for each rider.

Enduro differs from cross-country (XC) racing which usually has more emphasis on cardiovascular fitness and less emphasis on technical ability, and pure downhill racing, which may contain little to no cross-country or climbing. Enduro's 'All Mountain' discipline therefore favours riders with a breadth of skill, on multi-discipline cycles. Lightweight XC bikes may lack sufficient suspension for fast downhill control, while full downhill bikes may not allow a rider to climb the uphill sections efficiently.

In some countries, the term enduro is considered a contraction of "endurance".

## Origins

The origins of enduro mountain bike racing come from some inspiration from both car rally such as the World Rally Championship and motorbike enduro racing. Mountain bike enduro is essentially the competitive side of the mountain biking format often referred to today as "All-Mountain". It arose from everyday mountain bike riding, which originally entailed riding to the top of the mountain and then racing to the bottom.

The first reported enduro race, using the modern format, was held in August 2003 in Val d'Allos. Earlier enduro-style local races were run in Italy, New Zealand, and the UK during the 1980s and 1990s. A precursor to the modern enduro format was the rallye format based on time stages and unlimited liaisons. However these races, located in France, tended to be more cross-country rather than downhill orientated.


title: Enduro race

abstract: An enduro race is an inexpensive type of automobile racing that takes place mostly on oval tracks. Enduro takes its name from "Endurance racing" since it consists of hundreds of laps around the oval.

text:
# Enduro race

An **enduro race** is an inexpensive type of automobile racing that takes place mostly on oval tracks. Enduro takes its name from "Endurance racing" since it consists of hundreds of laps around the oval.

## Vehicle

It involves stock based cars that had their interior and side or rear windows removed but mostly stock mechanically. A driver is disqualified if the post-race inspection finds that their auto had major racing enhancements. Some enduros, often called 'jalopy enduros', feature cars rescued from a wrecking yard and repaired to barely running condition solely for the purpose of the race. In this case, the prize may be awarded to the last man standing, if all the other competitors break down during the event.

Enduro racing is sometimes divided into two classes: big-car and small-car. Big-car races feature full-size (usually American) cars with larger 6- and 8-cylinder engines, while small-car races feature mid-size to sub-compact (often Japanese) 4-cylinder makes and models.

## History

The first enduro stock car race in the United States was held at the high-banked, asphalt 1/4 mile Monadnock Speedway in Winchester, New Hampshire in the mid-1980s. It was the brainchild of track announcer John Berti. Berti sat down with the owners of the speedway, Larry Cirillo and Fred Parfumi telling them of the concept of enduro racing. They bought into the idea immediately, encouraging Berti to come up with the rules and it began a few weeks later with 152 cars showing up at the first event.

Enduros were run on a monthly basis and paid good purses with $1,000 going to the winner. The races were long-distance affairs lasting 150 laps and were scored using a flop clock with each competitor having a scorer in the grandstands under the control of one head scoring official who kept things honest. It was exciting with much crashing and banging. The cars were slightly better than demo derby cars, had to remain stock, interiors removed with a rollbar, and bumpers had to be chained on. This type of racing really took off as it was a great, low-cost way for amateur racers to be able to take to the racetrack.

Other tracks in the Northeast began to pick up on it, but to many of the enduro racers and fans Monadnock Speedway was revered as "The Enduro Capital" because of the way the races were run and the rules were so tight. It was the way to beat the high cost of stock car racing and it grew nationwide.

The race is not stopped except for an emergency or if the track is completely blocked. At that point the driver is removed from the car, the car remains where it was as an obstacle, and the race returns to green.


title: Filatima zagulajevi

abstract: Filatima zagulajevi is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the European part of southern Russia.

text:
# Filatima zagulajevi

***Filatima zagulajevi*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the European part of southern Russia (the Volga-Don region, the Lower Volga and southern Ural).

## InfoBox

| *Filatima zagulajevi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Filatima* |
| Species: | ***F. zagulajevi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Filatima zagulajevi***<br>Anikin & Piskunov, 1996 | |
|


title: George Chellah

abstract: George Chellah was the Special Assistant to the President for Press and Public Relations, the official title of the State House spokesperson, or press aide to the President of the Republic of Zambia. Prior to his appointment as State House spokesperson in 2011, Chellah was Assistant News Editor at The Post, Zambia's leading daily tabloid. He also served as a member of the Press Freedom Committee, a non-profit making advocacy for media rights and freedoms founded by The Post Newspapers

text:
# George Chellah

**George Chellah** (born December 26, 1974) was the Special Assistant to the President for Press and Public Relations, the official title of the State House spokesperson, or press aide to the President of the Republic of Zambia. Prior to his appointment as State House spokesperson in 2011, Chellah was Assistant News Editor at *The Post*, Zambia's leading daily tabloid. He also served as a member of the Press Freedom Committee, a non-profit making advocacy for media rights and freedoms founded by *The Post* Newspapers

## Journalism career

After his Diploma in Journalism, Public Relations and Advertising graduation from the Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, George Chellah joined Zambia's leading daily, *The Post*, as a reporter in September 2004.

## Work in Michael Sata administration

On September 28, 2011, George Chellah left the private sector to join the public service when he was surprisingly called upon by President Michael Chilufya Sata, on his election into office, to serve as his Special Assistant for Press and Public Relations.

## Personal life and education

Chellah born and was raised in Zambia, His home town is Mbala in Northern Zambia, completed his Grade 12 in 2000. A graduate with a Bachelor of Arts Degree with a major in Communication Studies, Chellah also attended Sir Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, for his Diploma in Journalism, Public Relations and Advertising (2001–2003).

He is happily married and lives in Lusaka with his wife and four Children and two other step children.

## InfoBox

| George Chellah | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Special Assistant to the President for Press and Public Relations | |
| **In office**
September 28, 2011  January 22, 2015 | |
| President | Michael Chilufya Sata |
| Preceded by | Dickson Jere |
| Succeeded by | Amos Chanda |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Mwenya Chellah
(1974-12-26) December 26, 1974
Kitwe, Zambia |
| Political party | United Party for National Development |
| Profession | Journalist |
| Website | State House Press Office - Zambia |
|  | |


title: National Blood Donation Day

abstract: National Blood Donation Day comes each year on September 4. It is an observance during National Blood Donation Week and campaign that highlights the need for blood. Multiple states throughout the United States have their state blood donation day on this same day uniting the country in its effort to keep blood banks and hospitals stocked.

text:
# National Blood Donation Day

**National Blood Donation Day** comes each year on September 4. It is an observance during National Blood Donation Week and campaign that highlights the need for blood. Multiple states throughout the United States have their state blood donation day on this same day uniting the country in its effort to keep blood banks and hospitals stocked.

## Background

In 2015, syndicated radio host and family physician Daliah Wachs asked Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval to create a Nevada Blood Donation Day to help the state raise blood and awareness. Uniting with United Blood Services and the American Red Cross, Nevada Blood Donation Day held blood drives across the state, and its success prompted the campaign to continue in 2016. During this year, blood shortages were being reported nationally. Daliah approached Governors in all 50 states to help proclaim state blood donation days, and United Blood Services, the American Red Cross and blood banks across the US joined forces to help bring this national campaign to light. By September 2016, the majority of states had proclaimed state blood donation days. Indiana and Arizona proclaimed a blood donation week during this time and Alaska proclaimed the entire month of September Alaska Blood Drive Donor Challenge Month.

States with proclaimed Blood Donation Days on September 10 include: Oklahoma, Mississippi, New Mexico, Connecticut, North Dakota, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Indiana, Arkansas, Vermont, Utah, Montana, Louisiana, Alabama, Missouri, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Oregon, Iowa, Florida, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, South Dakota, Washington, Georgia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Illinois, Nebraska.

The First Tuesday in September has been designated Michigan Blood Donation Day.

In 2017, National Blood Donation Day was September 8. NBDD was able to raise blood needed for recovery efforts from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma.

States who have already declared this date their Blood Donation Day include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming. Arizona declared Arizona Blood Donation Week September 4-10th. Maryland declared their blood donation day September 7.

In 2018, National Blood Donation Day was September 5.

States who have already declared this date their Blood Donation Day include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

Arizona has proclaimed September 3–10 Arizona Blood Donation Week. Oklahoma proclaimed the month of September Blood Donation Month. Alaska proclaimed the month of July Blood Donation Month.

In 2019, National Blood Donation Day was September 5.

States who have already declared this date their Blood Donation Day include Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

Arizona declared 9/2-9/9/19 Arizona Blood Donation Week

For 2020, National Blood Donation Week fell on 9/1/20-9/7/20, with National Blood Donation Day to be September 4. Despite many governor's offices dealing with limited staff and resources, with many "suspending proclamations," Governors in the following states proclaimed September 4 to be their state Blood Donation Day: Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland (September 5), Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey (September 5), New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin and Wyoming, with Arizona proclaiming September 1-7 Arizona Blood Donation Week.

In 2021, National Blood Donation Week is September 1–7, with National Blood Donation Day September 4 or 5th. States who have declared this date as their State Blood Donation Day include: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

Arizona has declared September 1–7 Arizona Blood Donation Week.

In 2022, National Blood Donation Week is September 1–7, with National Blood Donation Day on September 4. Governors in the following states are proclaiming September 4 to be their state Blood Donation Day: Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

Alaska has proclaimed Alaska Blood Donation Week during 9/1-9/7. Arizona has proclaimed Arizona Blood Donation Week during 9/1-9/7.

In 2023, National Blood Donation Week is September 1–7, with National Blood Donation Day on September 4. Governors in the following states are proclaiming September 4 to be their state Blood Donation Day: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Arizona has proclaimed Arizona Blood Donation Week during 9/1-9/7.

Alaska declared September 4-10th Alaska Blood Donation Week.

In 2024, Governors in the following states are proclaiming September 4 to be their state Blood Donation Day: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

Alaska has declared September 1-7 Alaska Blood Donation Week. Arizona has declared September 1–7 Arizona Blood Donation Week. Colorado has declared September 1-7 Colorado Blood Donation Week.

,


title: Glyphidocera orae

abstract: Glyphidocera orae is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.

text:
# Glyphidocera orae

***Glyphidocera orae*** is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Glyphidocera orae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Autostichidae |
| Genus: | *Glyphidocera* |
| Species: | ***G. orae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glyphidocera orae***<br>Adamski, 2005 | |
|


title: Franz Sperr

abstract: Franz Sperr was a member of German resistance against Nazism.

text:
# Franz Sperr

**Franz Sperr** (born 12 February 1878 in Karlstadt-sur-le-Main; died 23 January 1945 in Berlin) was a member of German resistance against Nazism.

## Biography

Franz Sperr was the son of an engineer from the Royal Bavarian Railways. His family moved a few times and lived in different places. After his "abitur" in 1897, he first did voluntary service in the Bavarian army and then chose it as a career. From 1906 to 1909, Sperr received training at the Bavarian War Academy which enabled him to join the staff.

During the First World War, he was a captain and then a major. In 1916, he left for Berlin and was responsible for representing the army to the Bundesrat. After the war, it is made available. He became a civil servant and worked for the Bavarian Embassy in Berlin. Partisan of federalism, opposed to Nazism, he resigned from the public service on 20 June 1934, set up his business and joined the resistance.

He was in contact with Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria and supported the military. He brought together a small group of Bavarian monarchists such as ministers Otto Geßler, Anton Fehr, Eduard Hamm, but also bankers and businessmen. Faced with the impossibility of bringing down Hitler, he organized himself with the resistance groups in Switzerland and in Bavaria after the Allied landings with military and police officers from the Third Reich. Thanks to Alfred Delp and Augustin Rösch, he came into contact during the winter of 1942 with the Kreisau Circle and notably met Helmuth James von Moltke. In June 1944, a meeting with Claus von Stauffenberg took place, Sperr expressed his skepticism of a coup.

## Death

After the failure of the 20 July plot, Sperr was arrested for his complicity. The Volksgerichtshof condemned him to death on 11 January 1945. He was hanged on the 23rd in Plötzensee Prison.

## InfoBox

| Franz Sperr | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 February 1878
Karlstadt am Main, German Empire |
| Died | 23 January 1945 (1945-01-24) (aged 66)
Plötzensee Prison, Berlin, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Profession | Officer |
|  | |


title: Isartor

abstract: The Isartor at the Isartorplatz in Munich is one of four main gates of the medieval city wall. It served as a fortification for the defence and is the most easterly of Munich's three remaining gothic town gates. The gate is located close to the Isar and was named after the river.

text:
# Isartor

The **Isartor** at the Isartorplatz in Munich is one of four main gates of the medieval city wall. It served as a fortification for the defence and is the most easterly of Munich's three remaining gothic town gates (*Isartor*, *Sendlinger Tor* and *Karlstor*). The gate (German: *Tor*) is located close to the Isar and was named after the river.

## Architecture

The Isartor was constructed in 1337 within the scope of the enlargement of Munich and the construction of the *second city wall* between 1285 and 1337 which was completed under the Emperor Louis IV. The gate first consisted of a 40-meter-high (130 ft) main gate tower. Only with the construction of the moat wall of the gate tower the two flanking side towers were added and served as barbican. The Isartor is today the only medieval gate in Munich which has conserved its medium main tower and the restoration in 1833-35 by Friedrich von Gärtner has recreated the dimensions and appearance close to the original structure. The frescos, created in 1835 by Bernhard von Neher, depict the victorious return of Emperor Louis after the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322.

The Isartor today houses a humorous museum which is dedicated to the comedian and actor Karl Valentin. A café for visitors has been integrated.

The Isartortheater, which produced Singspiele and spoken plays in the early 19th century, was destroyed in the Second World War. After being heavily damaged by shelling, the medieval gate was rebuilt.

The Isartorplatz is served by the S Bahn station which is named *Isartor* after the gate as well as 2 tram lines.

48°8′06″N 11°34′54″E / 48.13500°N 11.58167°E / 48.13500; 11.58167


title: James Sewall Morsell

abstract: James Sewall Morsell was a United States circuit judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.

text:
# James Sewall Morsell

**James Sewall Morsell** (January 10, 1775 – January 11, 1870) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.

## Education and career

Born on January 10, 1775, in Calvert County, Province of Maryland, British America, Morsell was in private practice in Georgetown, D.C. until 1815. He served in the United States Army from 1813 to 1814, during the War of 1812.

### Notable clients

Morsell represented a number of African American families who petitioned for their freedom before the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.

## Federal judicial service

Morsell was nominated by President James Madison on January 7, 1815, to a seat on the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia vacated by Judge Nicholas Battalle Fitzhugh. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 11, 1815, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on March 3, 1863, due to abolition of the court.

## Death

Morsell died on January 11, 1870, in Prince George's County, Maryland.

## InfoBox

| James Sewall Morsell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia | |
| **In office**
January 11, 1815  March 3, 1863 | |
| Appointed by | James Madison |
| Preceded by | Nicholas Battalle Fitzhugh |
| Succeeded by | *Seat abolished* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Sewall Morsell
(1775-01-10)January 10, 1775
Calvert County,
Province of Maryland,
British America |
| Died | January 11, 1870(1870-01-11) (aged 95)
Prince George's County, Maryland |
|  | |


title: Tooronga railway station

abstract: Tooronga railway station is a commuter railway station on the Glen Waverley line, which is part of the Melbourne railway network. It serves the eastern suburb of Malvern, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Tooronga station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 24 March 1890, with the current station provided in 1975.

text:
# Tooronga railway station

**Tooronga railway station** is a commuter railway station on the Glen Waverley line, which is part of the Melbourne railway network. It serves the eastern suburb of Malvern, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Tooronga station is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 24 March 1890, with the current station provided in 1975.

## History

Tooronga station opened on 24 March 1890, when the railway line from Burnley was extended to Eastmalvern. The station is named after nearby Tooronga Road, which in turn was named after an adjacent two-story property. The word Tooronga is Indigenous, meaning "modern" or "new".

In 1955, the current station platforms were provided, when duplication of the line occurred between Kooyong and Gardiner.

In 1966, boom barriers replaced interlocked gates at the Tooronga Road level crossing, located at the down end of the station. The signal box protecting the level crossing and a goods yard were also abolished during that time.

In 1975, the current station buildings were provided.

## Platforms and services

Tooronga has two side platforms. It is served by Glen Waverley line trains.

**Platform 1:**

**Platform 2:**

CDC Melbourne operates one bus route via Tooronga station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:

* **624** : KewOakleigh station

The bus stops outside the station are also used by bus replacement services for Glen Waverley line services.

## InfoBox

| Tooronga | |
| --- | --- |
| PTV commuter rail station | |
| North-west view from Platform 1, January 2021 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Milton Parade,
Malvern, Victoria 3144
City of Stonnington
Australia |
| Coordinates | 37°50′58″S 145°02′30″E / 37.84939°S 145.04170°E / -37.84939; 145.04170 |
| Owned by | VicTrack |
| Operated by | Metro Trains |
| Line(s) | Glen Waverley |
| Distance | 9.59 kilometres from
Southern Cross |
| Platforms | 2 side |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | Bus |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Ground |
| Parking | 189 |
| Bicycle facilities | 11 |
| Accessible | Yes—step free access |
| Other information | |
| Status | Operational, host station |
| Station code | TGA |
| Fare zone | Myki Zone 1 |
| Website | Public Transport Victoria |
| History | |
| Opened | 24 March 1890 (1890-03-24) |
| Rebuilt | 20 November 1955
1975 |
| Electrified | December 1922
(1500  DC overhead) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2005–2006 | 421,639 |
| 2006–2007 | 456,599 8.29% |
| 2007–2008 | 490,356 7.39% |
| 2008–2009 | 478,729 2.37% |
| 2009–2010 | 486,046 1.52% |
| 2010–2011 | 520,267 7.04% |
| 2011–2012 | 514,741 1.06% |
| 2012–2013 | Not measured |
| 2013–2014 | 652,633 26.78% |
| 2014–2015 | 614,995 5.76% |
| 2015–2016 | 603,752 1.82% |
| 2016–2017 | 569,736 5.63% |
| 2017–2018 | 576,709 1.22% |
| 2018–2019 | 580,300 0.62% |
| 2019–2020 | 456,150 21.39% |
| 2020–2021 | 176,050 61.4% |
| 2021–2022 | 228,050 29.53% |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Metro Trains Following station  Kooyongtowards Flinders Street  Glen Waverley line  Gardinertowards Glen Waverley | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Track layout | |


title: Why the Whales Came

abstract: Why the Whales Came is a children's story written by Michael Morpurgo and first published in 1985 by William Heinemann (UK) and Scholastic (US). It is set on the island of Bryher, one of the Isles of Scilly, off the coast of Cornwall, in the year 1914. It was adapted into the 1989 film When the Whales Came.

text:
# Why the Whales Came

***Why the Whales Came*** is a children's story written by Michael Morpurgo and first published in 1985 by William Heinemann (UK) and Scholastic (US). It is set on the island of Bryher, one of the Isles of Scilly, off the coast of Cornwall, in the year 1914. It was adapted into the 1989 film When the Whales Came.

## Plot summary

'Why the Whales Came' is about ten-year-old Gracie Jenkins, who lives on Bryher, a small island off the western coast of Britain, in the year 1914. "You keep away from the Birdman," Gracie's Father had warned her. The Birdman lives alone in a cottage that stands all by itself on a hill in the south part of the island. Gracie's father knows stories about him that he thinks are too horrible to tell her. The Birdman used to live on Samson Island, which people say has a curse on it.

Gracie and her friend Daniel have a fleet of toy boats they have made. When the lake where they usually sail the boats is taken over by bad-tempered swans, Daniel talks Gracie into coming with him to a cove near the Birdman's cottage. She's scared, but she finally agrees. Soon they find themselves on the most frightening adventure of their lives. Gracie's dad also goes to war and is reported missing in action.

The whales in the novel are narwhals, a type of whale with a long, spiralling horn on the front of its head. In their adventure, Gracie and Daniel find a narwhal's horn. Later, they have to decide whether to help a stranded narwhal. They then rescue the narwhal. Later, the Birdman comes back to Bryher, and he is welcomed back by everybody.

## Characters

* Gracie Jenkins —At the beginning, Gracie was a habitually fearful girl that believed any story told to her about the Birdman. She also believed in ghosts and the curses on Samson Island. Her best friend is Daniel Pender.
* Daniel Pender—Daniel is a handy boy, but he is also adventurous and social. But Daniel is also afraid of the dark.
* Zachariah Woodcock—A deaf old man that lives in a cottage away from all the island people also known as the Birdman. He is also a wonderful woodworker that makes bird sculptures. Woodcock likes travelling by sea to Samson with his dog Prince.
* Peter Jenkins—The father of Gracie, he has a slightly angry personality in the story, but is also a good liar/actor at the same time.
* Clemmie Jenkins—The mother of Gracie who possesses a calm but "weird" personality. Not so much an actor in the story, but she is really fearful.
* Treve Pender—The father of Daniel. Slaps Daniel a lot. Not mentioned a lot in the story.
* Mary Pender—The mother of Daniel. Not mentioned a lot in the story.
* Mr. Wellbeloved—Gracie and Daniel's teacher who judges every student by arithmetic. He also predicted that the war will come. That came true later in the story.
* Big Tim Pender—Tim is a bully to Gracie and Daniel, but he is also Daniel's brother.
* The Preventative—they are a group of people that want to take driftwood from the island.

## Publishing Date

'Why The Whales Came' was originally published in 1985 by Willam Heinemann LTD


title: Wide Open Space (festival)

abstract: Wide Open Space (WOS) is a music, arts and culture festival in Central Australia, in the Northern Territory. It has taken place annually from 2009 to 2018, and then in 2021. It features well-known national acts as well as emerging artists from the region, It takes place over three days at the Ross River Resort in the McDonnell Ranges, around 80 km (50 mi) east of Alice Springs. Around 1500 people attend the festival each time. The festival is known for its unusual programming, such as pairing a local choir, Alice Sings, with the famous Australian rock band Regurgitator to perform their song "Song Formally Known As" in 2018, while in 2017 jazz/funk band Hiatus Kaiyote invited Kardajala Kirri-darra to sing with them. Vice suggested in 2015 that WOS was perhaps "Australia’s best-kept festival secret", calling the location "breathtaking" and the festival an "honest, real and bullshit-free Central Desert experience". Its artistic director Scott Large sees the festival as a "community-generated event that wanted to promote and foster local talent" which helps keep Indigenous languages alive.

text:
# Wide Open Space (festival)

**Wide Open Space** (**WOS**) is a music, arts and culture festival in Central Australia, in the Northern Territory. It has taken place annually from 2009 to 2018, and then in 2021. It features well-known national acts as well as emerging artists from the region, It takes place over three days at the Ross River Resort in the McDonnell Ranges, around 80 km (50 mi) east of Alice Springs. Around 1500 people attend the festival each time.

The festival is known for its unusual programming, such as pairing a local choir, Alice Sings, with the famous Australian rock band Regurgitator to perform their song "Song Formally Known As" in 2018, while in 2017 jazz/funk band Hiatus Kaiyote invited Kardajala Kirri-darra (Sandhill Women) to sing with them.

Vice suggested in 2015 that WOS was perhaps "Australia’s best-kept festival secret", calling the location "breathtaking" and the festival an "honest, real and bullshit-free Central Desert experience".

Its artistic director Scott Large sees the festival as a "community-generated event that wanted to promote and foster local talent" which helps keep Indigenous languages alive.


title: Wide Open Spaces (1947 film)

abstract: Wide Open Spaces is a 1947 Donald Duck short cartoon, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Jack King for Walt Disney Productions and RKO Radio Pictures.

text:
# Wide Open Spaces (1947 film)

***Wide Open Spaces*** is a 1947 Donald Duck short cartoon, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Jack King for Walt Disney Productions and RKO Radio Pictures.

## Plot

The short opens late at night in front of the "Hold-Up Motel" where Donald, exhausted and looking for a place to sleep, pulls his car over to spend the night. The motel owner informs him that all the beds are occupied and the only option he has is sleeping outside on the cot on the porch. Donald accepts, but before he can hop on the cot, the motel owner adds that it costs 16 dollars (equivalent to $218 in 2023), causing Donald to angrily refuse and tie the man's arm into a knot. In response, the motel owner kicks Donald, sending him flying into his car.

Donald drives deeper into the woodland and finds a spot to sleep on an air mattress. After struggling to get the mattress inflated (failing twice with a floor pump before blowing it up himself), Donald gets ready to rest but is bothered by a rock underneath the mattress. He throws the rock away sending it up to a hill, where it causes a chain reaction that sends a huge boulder towards Donald, who is woken up and panics trying to escape in his car. The boulder catches up and crushes him against a tree, causing Donald's vehicle to crunch into the shape of a 1910s Ford Model T.

Donald returns to bed and falls asleep. As he snores, however, the mattress balloons, putting Donald in a vertical position sustained by his opening and closing beak, which leads Donald over a cliff and into the river below. Donald continues to slumber underwater next to a large sleeping fish that draws Donald's head near its jaws each time it inhales. Donald realizes where he is only after he and the fish struggle for the blanket and swims back to shore.

The springy branch of a nearby pine tree bothers Donald in his sleep and he is smacked back by it when he tries to shove it away. Angered, Donald fixes a fallen tree branch under the pine's branch to keep it away. However, as Donald sleeps, his exhalations cause the tree branch to lose hold of the pine's branch, causing it to hit the air mattress pump (with the hose still attached to the mattress valve) and wobble up and down with the handle, pumping fast and strong. This causes Donald's mattress to get excessively inflated until it pops off and takes flight, deflating rapidly in mid-air while Donald continues to sleep.

As the mattress deflates, it propels Donald all the way back to the Hold-Up Motel, landing right on the porch cot. The owner comes out, believing that Donald has spent the entire night on the cot, and asks him the 16 dollars, which Donald hands over in his sleep. Immediately after paying, the motel owner notifies Donald that his time is up and shoves Donald off of the porch and into the arms of a cactus. Despite his uncomfortable new sleeping arrangement, Donald continues to slumber as the cartoon ends.

## Voice cast

## Home media

The short was released on December 11, 2007, on *Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Three: 1947-1950*.

## InfoBox

| Wide Open Spaces | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Jack King |
| Story by | MacDonald MacPherson
Jack Huber |
| Produced by | Walt Disney |
| Starring | Clarence Nash
Billy Bletcher |
| Music by | Oliver Wallace |
| Animation by | Don Towsley
Paul Allen
Emery Hawkins
Sandy Strother |
| Layouts by | Don Griffith |
| Backgrounds by | Howard Dunn |
| Color process | Technicolor |
| Production
company | Walt Disney Productions |
| Distributed by | RKO Radio Pictures |
| Release date | * September 12, 1947 (1947-09-12) |
| Running time | 6:30 |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |