title: Hollis Scarborough

abstract: Dr Hollis Scarborough is an American psychologist and literacy expert who is a senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories in New Haven, Connecticut. She has been a leading researcher in the area of reading acquisition since 1981, and has been involved with efforts to improve US national policy on the teaching of reading. Scarborough was a member of the Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children, United States National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences (1996–1998). She sat on the board of directors of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading from 1999 until 2007. She was associate editor of the journal Annals of Dyslexia from 1994 until 2002 and continues to be on the council of advisors to the International Dyslexia Association (IDA). In 2009, Scarborough shared the IDA's Samuel Torrey Orton award with Susan Brady. The Orton Award is the association's highest honor.

text:
# Hollis Scarborough

**Dr Hollis Scarborough** is an American psychologist and literacy expert who is a senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories in New Haven, Connecticut. She has been a leading researcher in the area of reading acquisition since 1981, and has been involved with efforts to improve US national policy on the teaching of reading.

Scarborough was a member of the Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children, United States National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences (1996–1998). She sat on the board of directors of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading from 1999 until 2007. She was associate editor of the journal *Annals of Dyslexia* from 1994 until 2002 and continues to be on the council of advisors to the International Dyslexia Association (IDA). In 2009, Scarborough shared the IDA's Samuel Torrey Orton award with Susan Brady. The Orton Award is the association's highest honor.

## Selected publications

* Charity, A. H., Scarborough, H. S., & Griffon, D. M. (2004). "Familiarity with "School English" in African American Children and its Relation to Early Reading Achievement", *Child Development* **75**(5), 1340–1356.
* Clements-Stephens, A. M., Materek, A. D., Eason, S. H., Scarborough, H. S., Pugh, K. R., Rimrodt, S., *et al*. (2012). "Neural circuitry associated with two different approaches to novel word learning", *Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience*, 2, Supplement 1(0), S99-S113.
* Cutting, L. E., & Scarborough, H. S. (2006). "Prediction of Reading Comprehension: Relative Contributions of Word Recognition, Language Proficiency, and Other Cognitive Skills Can Depend on How Comprehension Is Measured", *Scientific Studies of Reading*, **10**(3), 277–299.
* Dobrich, W., & Scarborough, H. S. (1992). Phonological characteristics of words young children try to say", *Journal of Child Language*, **19**(3), 597–616.
* Fowler, A. E., & Scarborough, H. S. (1993). "Should reading disabled adults be distinguished from other adults seeking literacy instruction? A review of theory and research" (Technical Report No. 93-6). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, National Center on Adult Literacy.
* Leach, J. M., Scarborough, H. S., & Rescorla, L. (2003). "Late-Emerging Reading Disabilities", *Journal of Educational Psychology*, **95**(2), 211–224.
* McCardle, P., Scarborough, H. S., & Catts, H. W. (2001). "Predicting, explaining, and preventing children's reading difficulties", *Learning Disabilities Research & Practice*, **16**(4), 230–239.
* Patton Terry, N., & Scarborough, H. S. (2011). "The Phonological Hypothesis as a valuable framework for studying the relation of dialect variation to early reading skills" in S. Brady, D. Braze & C. A. Fowler (eds.), *Explaining Individual Differences in Reading: Theory and Evidence*, Psychology Press.
* Sabatini, J. P., Sawaki, Y., Shore, J. R., & Scarborough, H. S. (2010). "Relationships among reading skills of adults with low literacy", *Journal of Learning Disabilities*, **43**(2), 122–138.
* Scarborough, D. L., Cortese, C., & Scarborough, H. S. (1977). "Frequency and Repetition Effects in Lexical Memory", *Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance*, **3**(1), 1–17.
* Scarborough, H., & Wyckoff, J. (1986). ""Mother, I'd still rather do it myself: Some further non-effects of "motherese"", *Journal of Child Language*, **13**(2), 431–437.
* Scarborough, H. S., Wyckoff, J., & Davidson, R. (1986). "A reconsideration of the relation between age and mean utterance length", *Journal of Speech & Hearing Research*, **29**(3), 394–399.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1988). "Predicting the future achievement of second graders with reading disabilities: contributions of phonemic awareness, verbal memory, rapid naming, and IQ", *Annals of Dyslexia*, 48, 115–136.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1989). "Prediction of reading disability from familial and individual differences", *Journal of Educational Psychology*, **81**(1), 101–108.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1990). "Very early language deficits in dyslexic children", *Child Development*, **61**(6), 1728–1743.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1990). "Index of Productive Syntax", *Applied Psycholinguistics*, **11**(1), 1–22.
* Scarborough, H. S., & Dobrich, W. (1990). "Development of children with early language delay", *Journal of Speech & Hearing Research*, **33**(1), 70–83.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1991). "Very early language deficits in dyslexic children", *Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry & Child Development*, 204–227.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1991). "Antecedents to reading disability: Preschool language development and literacy experiences of children from dyslexic families", *Reading and Writing*, **3**(3-4), 219–233.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1991). "Early syntactic development of dyslexic children", *Annals of Dyslexia*, 41, 207–220.
* Scarborough, H. S., Dobrich, W., & Hager, M. (1991). "Preschool literacy experience and later reading achievement", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24(8), 508–511.
* Scarborough, H. S., Rescorla, L., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Fowler, A. E. (1991). "The relation of utterance length to grammatical complexity in normal and language-disordered group", *Applied Psycholinguistics*, **12**(1), 23–45.
* Scarborough, H. S., & Fichtelberg, A. (1993). "Child-directed talk in families with incidence of dyslexia", *First Language*, 13, 51–67.
* Scarborough, H. S., & Dobrich, W. (1994). "Another look at parent-preschooler bookreading: How naked is the emperor? A response to Lonigan (1994) and Dunning, Mason, and Stewart (1994)", *Developmental Review*, **14**(3), 340–347.
* Scarborough, H. S., & Dobrich, W. (1994). "On the efficacy of reading to preschoolers", *Developmental Review*, **14**(3), 245–302.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1998). "Predicting the future achievement of second graders with reading disabilities: contributions of phonemic awareness, verbal memory, rapid naming, and IQ", *Annals of dyslexia*, **48**, 115–136.
* Scarborough, H. S. (1998). "Early identification of children at risk for reading disabilities" in B. K. Shapiro, P. J. Accardo & A. J. Capute (eds.), *Specific reading disability: A view of the spectrum* (pp. 75–119). Timonium, MD: York Press.
* Scarborough, H. S., Ehri, L. C., Olson, R. K., & Fowler, A. E. (1998). "The fate of phonemic awareness beyond the elementary school years", *Scientific Studies of Reading*, **2**(2), 115–142.
* Scarborough, H. S. (2002). "Connecting early language and literacy to later reading (dis)abilities: Evidence, theory and practice" in S. B. Neuman & D. K. Dickinson (eds.), *Handbook of early literacy research* (pp. 97–110). New York: Guilford Press.
* Scarborough, H. S., & Brady, S. A. (2002). "Toward a Common Terminology for Talking About Speech and Reading: A Glossary of the "Phon" Words and Some Related Terms", *Journal of Literacy Research*, **34**(3), 299–336.
* Scarborough, H. S., & Parker, J. D. (2003). "Matthew Effects in Children with Learning Disabilities: Development of Reading, IQ, and Psychosocial Problems From Grade 2 to Grade 8", *Annals of Dyslexia*, **5**(1), 47–72.
* Scarborough, H. S. (2005). "Developmental relationships between language and reading: Reconciling a beautiful hypothesis with some ugly facts", in H. W. Catts & A. G. Kamhi (eds.), *The connections between language and reading disabilities* (pp. 3–24). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
* Snow, C. E., Scarborough, H. S., & Burns, M. (1999). "What speech-language pathologists need to know about early reading", *Topics in Language Disorders*, **20**(1), 48–58.
* Patton Terry, N., & Scarborough, H. S. (2011). "The phonological hypothesis as a valuable framework for studying the relation of dialect variation to early reading skill" in S. Brady, D. Braze & C. A. Fowler (eds.), *Explaining individual differences in reading: Theory and evidence*. New York: Psychology Press.


title: Hydropionea pseudopis

abstract: Hydropionea pseudopis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Hydropionea pseudopis

***Hydropionea pseudopis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Hydropionea pseudopis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Hydropionea* |
| Species: | ***H. pseudopis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hydropionea pseudopis***<br>(Dyar, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Clupeosoma pseudopis* Dyar, 1914 | |


title: Lahoriye

abstract: Lahoriye is a 2017 Indian-Punjabi drama film written and directed by Amberdeep Singh. It stars Amrinder Gill, Sargun Mehta, Yuvraj Hans, Nimrat Khaira, Sardar Sohi and Guggu Gill. Lahoriye is about the effects of the partition of India on Punjab. The movie deals with the modern India and how two people of different religions and countries begin to love each other and come together by connecting their values of the same culture as Punjabis. The film grossed over $1.5 million in three territories, in its opening weekend. The film grossed over ₹7.25 crore net in India, in its first week.

text:
# Lahoriye

***Lahoriye*** is a 2017 Indian-Punjabi drama film written and directed by Amberdeep Singh. It stars Amrinder Gill, Sargun Mehta, Yuvraj Hans, Nimrat Khaira, Sardar Sohi and Guggu Gill.

*Lahoriye* is about the effects of the partition of India on Punjab. The movie deals with the modern India and how two people of different religions and countries begin to love each other and come together by connecting their values of the same culture as Punjabis. The film grossed over $1.5 million in three territories, in its opening weekend. The film grossed over ₹7.25 crore net in India, in its first week.

## Plot

Lahoriye is an emotional drama that mostly revolves around two central characters: Kikkar Singh (Amrinder Gill) – a Sikh man from a border town village in Punjab, India; and Ameeran Khan (Sargun Mehta) – a Muslim woman from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

In present-day Punjab, India; Kikkar Singh, while working in his field one day, sees Ameeran on the other side of the Indo-Pak border and falls in love with her. He then visits her in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, but before he actually meets her, he is intercepted by Naseem Khan (Yuvraj Hans) – the son of the landlord of Ameeran. Kikkar Singh convinces Naseem Khan of his true and honest love for Ameeran Khan, and subsequently Naseem Khan himself helps Kikkar Singh to meet Ameeran at a family function. Both confess their love to each other and decide to get married. Naseem Khan vows that he would help them in every possible way he could. Later on, Naseem Khan falls in love with Harleen Kaur, Kikkar Singh's sister (Nimrat Khaira).

Although both Kikkar Singh's and Ameeran Khan's family agree to their marriage initially, but due to certain misunderstandings later on, their marriage is called off. The rest of the movie traces the events that affect not just Kikkar Singh and Ameeran Khan, but two old friends who got separated during the partition of India. Then in the climax, the family members realize that Kikkar Singh and Ameeran Khan truly love each other . Then Kikkar is married to Ameeran and Naseem is married to Harleen.

## Cast

## Track list

| S.No | Track | Singer | Lyrics | Music |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Akhar" | Amrinder Gill | Surinder Sadhpuri | Jatinder Shah |
| 2. | "Akhar" (Female Version) | Nimrat Khaira | Surinder Sadhpuri | |
| 3. | "Chunni" | Amrinder Gill | Preet Mangat | |
| 4. | "Jeeondean Ch" | Amrinder Gill | Fateh Shergill | |
| 5. | "Paani Ravi Da" | Amrinder Gill & Neha Bhasin | Harmanjeet | |
| 6. | "Gutt Ch Lahore" | Amrinder Gill & Sunidhi Chauhan | Harmanjeet | |
| 7. | "Janjhan" | Gurpreet Mann | Mann Hundal | |
| 8. | "Saah" | Bir Singh | Bir Singh | |
| 9. | "Mitti Da Putla" | Gurshabad | Harmanjeet | |

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Filmfare Awards Punjabi | 23 March 2018 | Best Film | *Lahoriye* | Won |
| | Best Actor | Amrinder Gill | Won |
| | Best Actress | Sargun Mehta | Won |
| | Best Debut Director | Amberdeep Singh | Won |
| | Best Music Album | Jatinder Shah | Won |
| | Best Playback Singer (Male) | Amrinder Gill – Akhar | Won |
| | Best Playback Singer (Female) | Neha Bhasin – Paani Ravi Da | Won |
| | Best Dialogues | Amberdeep Singh | Won |
| | Best Production Design | Tariq Umar Khan | Won |
| | Best Film (Critics) | *Lahoriye* | Nominated |
| | Best Actress (Critics) | Sargun Mehta | Nominated |
| | Best Debut Female | Nimrat Khaira | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Gugu Gill | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Nirmal Rishi | Nominated |
| | Best Lyrics | Surinder Sadhpuri – Akhar | Nominated |
| | Best Editing | Sadik Ali Shaikh | Nominated |
| | Best Background Score | Jatinder Shah | Nominated |
| | Best Cinematography | Sandeep Patil | Nominated |
| | Best Original Story | Amberdeep Singh | Nominated |
| | Best Screenplay | Amberdeep Singh | Nominated |
| PTC Punjabi Film Awards | 30 March 2018 | Best Film | *Lahoriye* | Won |
| | Best Director | Amberdeep Singh | Won |
| | Best Actor | Amrinder Gill | Won |
| | Best Actress | Sargun Mehta | Won |
| | Best Music Director | Jatinder Shah – Akhar | Won |
| | Best Screenplay | Amberdeep Singh | Won |
| | Most Popular Song of the year | Akhar – Amrinder Gill | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Gugu Gill | Nominated |
| | Yuvraj Hans | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Balwinder Begowal | Nominated |
| | Best Debut Director | Amberdeep Singh | Nominated |
| | Best Debut Female | Nimrat Khaira | Nominated |
| | Best Playback Singer (Female) | Neha Bhasin – Paani Ravi Da | Nominated |
| | Best Playback Singer (Male) | Amrinder Gill – Akhar | Nominated |
| | Best Lyricist | Bir Singh – Saah | Nominated |
| | Best Story | Amberdeep Singh | Nominated |
| | Best Background Score | Jatinder Shah | Nominated |
| Brit Asia Punjabi Film Awards | 12 May 2018 | Best Actress | Sargun Mehta | Won |
| | Best Film | *Lahoriye* | Nominated |
| | Best Director | Amberdeep Singh | Nominated |
| | Best Actor | Amrinder Gill | Nominated |
| | Best Cinematography | Sandeep Patil | Nominated |
| | Best Soundtrack | *Lahoriye* | Nominated |
| | Best Film Song | Akhar - Amrinder Gill | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Gugu Gill | Nominated |
| | Yuvraj Hans | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Nimrat Khaira | Nominated |
| | Best Male Playback Vocalist | Amrinder Gill \- Akhar | Nominated |
| | Best Debut Performance | Nimrat Khaira | Nominated |

1. "Watching Lahoriye in times of hatred: Two Punjabs and an India-Pak romance". *Hindustan Times*. 21 May 2017.
2. Groves, Don. "'Baahubali 2' Eclipses New Releases In India While 'Dangal' Conquers China". *Forbes*. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
3. "Meri Pyaari Bindu Flop - Sarkar 3 Disaster - Lahoriye HIT - Box Office India". *www.boxofficeindia.com*. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
4. "Viva's Neha Bhasin: Promises made during reality shows aren't fulfilled". *Hindustan Times*. 29 May 2017.

## InfoBox

| Lahoriye | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Amberdeep Singh |
| Written by | Amberdeep Singh |
| Produced by | Amberdeep Singh
Karaj Gill |
| Starring | Amrinder Gill
Sargun Mehta
Yuvraj Hans
Nimrat Khaira
Sardar Sohi
Guggu Gill |
| Cinematography | Sandeep Patil |
| Edited by | Sadik Ali Shaikh |
| Music by | Jatinder Shah |
| Production
companies | Rhythm Boyz Entertainment
Amberdeep Productions |
| Distributed by | Omjee Group (India)
Rhythm Boyz (International) |
| Release date | * 12 May 2017 (2017-05-12) |
| Running time | 140 mins |
| Country | India |
| Language | Punjabi |


title: Tug Transom

abstract: Tug Transom is a British daily comic strip written by Peter O'Donnell and drawn by Alfred Sindall. It ran in the Daily Sketch from 1954 to 1968. The strip relates the adventures of the captain of a merchant ship in ports all over the world. The strips are identified by a letter followed by a number, each series running for approximately one year. The final strip is Q52. The only reprint of the strip in English was in The Menomonee Falls Gazette and in the now defunct Evening Star, Dunedin, New Zealand. The series were also translated in Dutch as Kapitein Rijkers and published in Nieuwsblad van het Noorden from September 24, 1959, until 1970.

text:
# Tug Transom

***Tug Transom*** is a British daily comic strip written by Peter O'Donnell and drawn by Alfred Sindall. It ran in the *Daily Sketch* from 1954 to 1968.

The strip relates the adventures of the captain of a merchant ship in ports all over the world. The strips are identified by a letter followed by a number, each series running for approximately one year. The final strip is Q52. The only reprint of the strip in English was in *The Menomonee Falls Gazette* and in the now defunct Evening Star, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The series were also translated in Dutch as *Kapitein Rijkers* and published in *Nieuwsblad van het Noorden* from September 24, 1959, until 1970.


title: Psilostomidae

abstract: Psilostomidae is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida.

text:
# Psilostomidae

**Psilostomidae** is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida.

## Genera

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Psilostomidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Trematoda |
| Order: | Plagiorchiida |
| Suborder: | Echinostomata |
| Superfamily: | Echinostomatoidea |
| Family: | Psilostomidae<br>Looss, 1900 |
|


title: Hymenophyllum sodiroi

abstract: Hymenophyllum sodiroi is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Hymenophyllum sodiroi

***Hymenophyllum sodiroi*** is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Hymenophyllum sodiroi* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Hymenophyllales |
| Family: | Hymenophyllaceae |
| Genus: | *Hymenophyllum* |
| Species: | ***H. sodiroi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hymenophyllum sodiroi***
C.Chr. | |
|


title: Mwyngloddfa Nantiago

abstract: Mwyngloddfa Nantiago is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Brecknock, Powys, Wales. It is located on the eastern flank of the Plynlimon range of mountains. The spoil tips at the disused mine display examples of mineralisation.

text:
# Mwyngloddfa Nantiago

**Mwyngloddfa Nantiago** is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Brecknock, Powys, Wales. It is located on the eastern flank of the Plynlimon range of mountains. The spoil tips at the disused mine display examples of mineralisation.

## InfoBox

Mwyngloddfa Nantiago
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Wales | |
| Location | Powys |
| Grid reference | SN8264386228 |
| Coordinates | 52°27′41″N 3°43′43″W / 52.461347°N 3.728741°W / 52.461347; -3.728741 |
| Interest | Geology |
| Area | 2.67 ha |
| Notification | 28 June 2002 |


title: George Neil

abstract: George Mitchell Neil was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neil spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neil was club captain. He was described as a "very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under "electric light", at Hermit Road against West Bromwich Albion in March 1896. In October 1896 he played in the London League for West Norwood losing to Thames Ironworks. A press report of the time noted his performance as being of "worthy of special mention". The following week, on 24 October 1896, he made his Ironworks debut, in a London League game against Crouch End. Fixtures were infrequent for the side and by 1899 he had played only 18 games and scored one goal. In 1899 he took over as club secretary from Francis Payne and arranged the important signings of Tom Bradshaw, Bill Joyce and Kenny McKay, all from Tottenham Hotspur. Concerned about costs, club owner Arnold Hills initially refused to approve the transfers. Hills had decided to raise capital for the parent company, Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company, and to make the company a limited company. Part of this involved reorganizing the company football club. With the need now for Hills to satisfy shareholders, partly to save costs, Thames Ironworks folded to later become West Ham United. Neil was replaced as club secretary by Lew Bowen and would play only one more game for West Ham, on 13 October 1900 in a 2–0 home win against Watford, before his involvement with the club ended. Neil died of consumption, at the age of 30, in December 1904.

text:
# George Neil

**George Mitchell Neil** (11 November 1874 – 22 December 1904) was an English association footballer who played as a defender.

Born in Poplar, London, Neil spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neil was club captain. He was described as a "very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under "electric light", at Hermit Road against West Bromwich Albion in March 1896. In October 1896 he played in the London League for West Norwood losing to Thames Ironworks. A press report of the time noted his performance as being of "worthy of special mention". The following week, on 24 October 1896, he made his Ironworks debut, in a London League game against Crouch End. Fixtures were infrequent for the side and by 1899 he had played only 18 games and scored one goal.

In 1899 he took over as club secretary from Francis Payne and arranged the important signings of Tom Bradshaw, Bill Joyce and Kenny McKay, all from Tottenham Hotspur. Concerned about costs, club owner Arnold Hills initially refused to approve the transfers. Hills had decided to raise capital for the parent company, Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company, and to make the company a limited company. Part of this involved reorganizing the company football club. With the need now for Hills to satisfy shareholders, partly to save costs, Thames Ironworks folded to later become West Ham United. Neil was replaced as club secretary by Lew Bowen and would play only one more game for West Ham, on 13 October 1900 in a 2–0 home win against Watford, before his involvement with the club ended.

Neil died of consumption, at the age of 30, in December 1904.

1. Marsh, Steve. "George NEIL ... (1900)". *theyflysohigh.co.uk*. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
2. "Welcome to the Wonderful World of West Ham United Statistics — George Neill". www.westhamstats.info. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
3. Powles, John (2005). *Iron In The Blood*. Soccerdata. p. 69. ISBN 1-899468-22-6.
4. "George Neil". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
5. Powles, John (2008). *Irons of the South*. Nottingham: SoccerData. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-905891-08-5.

## InfoBox

George Neil
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | George Mitchell Neil | | |
| Date of birth | (1874-11-11)11 November 1874 | | |
| Place of birth | Poplar, England | | |
| Date of death | 22 December 1904(1904-12-22) (aged 30) | | |
| Place of death | Southend-on-Sea, England | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1891–1894 | Millwall Athletic |  |  |
| 1894–1896 | West Norwood |  |  |
| 1896–1899 | Thames Ironworks | 2 | (0) |
| 1900 | West Ham United | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Hailsham Town F.C.

abstract: Hailsham Town Football Club is a football club based in Hailsham, East Sussex, England. They are currently members of the Southern Combination Division Two and play at the Beaconsfield. The club are known locally as 'The Stringers', a nickname which derives from traditional industry in the town.

text:
# Hailsham Town F.C.

**Hailsham Town Football Club** is a football club based in Hailsham, East Sussex, England. They are currently members of the Southern Combination Division Two and play at the Beaconsfield. The club are known locally as 'The Stringers', a nickname which derives from traditional industry in the town.

## History

Established in 1885, Hailsham won the Sussex Junior Cup in the 1895–96 season and went on to be one of the founder members of the East Sussex League in 1896. After finishing bottom of the league for four consecutive seasons between 1901–02 and 1904–05 and then again in 1906–07 and 1907–08, Hailsham left to rejoin the Eastbourne League. In 1912 the club merged with Hailsham Athletic. Rejoining the East Sussex League in 1920, Hailsham finished bottom of the league in 1925–26. Although they were runners-up in 1927–28, they finished bottom of the league again in 1929–30, 1930–31 and 1931–32. The club were runners-up for a second time in 1937–38.

Following World War II Hailsham finished bottom of the table again in 1948–49 and 1950–51, before winning the East Sussex League for the first time in 1953–54, a season which also saw them win the Sussex Intermediate Cup. In 1955 Hailsham joined Division Two of the Sussex County League under the name Hailsham Football Club. They won the Division Two Invitation Cup in their first season, but resigned from the league during the 1962–63 season. They subsequently joined the Eastbourne & District League, before returning to the East Sussex League in 1968, when they joined Division Two.

Hailsham were Division Two champions in their first season back in the East Sussex League, earning promotion to Division One. They went on to win the Division One title at the first attempt. In 1972 the now-renamed Hailsham Town transferred to the Southern Counties Combination. They won the league in 1974–75 and were promoted to Division Two of the Sussex County League. The following season saw them win the Hastings Senior Cup. After finishing as Division Two runners-up in 1980–81 they were promoted to Division One. They won the League Cup in 1994–95 beating Wick 2–1 in the final. The club remained in Division One until being relegated at the end of the 1998–99 season.

Hailsham were promoted back to Division One following a third-placed finish in 2000–01. In 2005–06 they won the Sussex RUR Cup with a 2–0 win over Whitehawk in the final. The club were relegated again in 2010–11, but finished second in Division Two the following season to earn an immediate promotion back to Division One. In 2015 the league was renamed the Southern Combination, with Division One becoming the Premier Division. Hailsham finished bottom of the Premier Division in 2016–17 and were relegated to Division One. In 2022–23 the club finished bottom of Division One, resulting in relegation to Division Two. In 2023–24 they won the Hastings Intermediate Cup, beating Hawkhurst United 4–1 in the final.

## Honours

* **Southern Combination**
    + League Cup winners 1994–95
    + Division Two Invitation Cup winners 1955–56
* **Southern Counties Combination**
    + Champions 1974–75
* **East Sussex League**
    + Champions 1953–54, 1969–70
    + Division Two champions 1968–69
* **Sussex RUR Cup**
    + Winners 2005–06
* **Sussex Intermediate Cup**
    + Winners 1953–54
* **Sussex Junior Cup**
    + Winners 1895–96
* **Hastings Senior Cup**
    + Winners 1975–76
* **Hastings Intermediate Cup**
    + Winners 2023–24

## Records

* Best FA Cup performance: Third qualifying round, 1989–90, 1990–91
* Best FA Vase performance: Fifth round, 1988–89
* Record attendance: 1,350 vs Hungerford Town, FA Vase fifth round, 1989
* Most appearances: Phil Comber, 713
* Most goals: Howard Stevens, 51

50°51′41.26″N 0°15′08.71″E / 50.8614611°N 0.2524194°E / 50.8614611; 0.2524194

## InfoBox

Hailsham Town
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Hailsham Town Football Club |
| Nickname(s) | The Stringers |
| Founded | 1885 |
| Ground | The Beaconsfield, Hailsham |
| Capacity | 2,000 (100 seated) |
| Chairman | Chris Weller |
| Manager | Callum Standish |
| League | Southern Combination Division Two |
| 2023–24 | Southern Combination Division Two, 5th of 12 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Peter Wunstorf

abstract: Peter Wunstorf is a Canadian cinematographer from Edmonton, Alberta. He is most noted for his work on the 1994 film Double Happiness, for which he was a Genie Award nominee for Best Cinematography at the 15th Genie Awards in 1994.

text:
# Peter Wunstorf

**Peter Wunstorf** (born July 15, 1959) is a Canadian cinematographer from Edmonton, Alberta. He is most noted for his work on the 1994 film *Double Happiness*, for which he was a Genie Award nominee for Best Cinematography at the 15th Genie Awards in 1994.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1987 | *Just My Luck!* |  |
| 1989 | *Age Is No Barrier* | Short |
| 1991 | *The Grocer's Wife* |  |
| 1991 | *Solitaire* |  |
| 1993 | *Tomcat: Dangerous Desires* |  |
| 1993 | *The Perfect Man* |  |
| 1994 | *Breaking Point* |  |
| 1994 | *Double Happiness* |  |
| 1994 | *Road to Saddle River* |  |
| 1994 | *Strange and Rich* |  |
| 1995 | *The Michelle Apartments* |  |
| 1996 | *Invasion of Privacy* |  |
| 1997 | *Drive, She Said* |  |
| 1998 | *Heart of the Sun* |  |
| 2002 | *Long Life, Happiness & Prosperity* |  |
| 2006 | *Hollow Man 2* |  |
| 2008 | *Surveillance* |  |
| 2008 | *Patiences* | Short |
| 2014 | *The Journey Home* |  |
| 2014 | *Albert Karvonen: Philosophies on Life, Nature and Wildlife Filmmaking* |  |
| 2015 | *The Little Deputy* | Short |
| 2016 | *A Street Cat Named Bob* |  |
| 2017 | *Meditation Park* |  |
| 2018 | *The Lie* |  |
| 2019 | *Docking* | Short |
| 2024 | *Monica's News* |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | *Two* | Pilot |
| 1996 | *Millennium* | Pilot |
| 1998 | *Mentors* |  |
| 1999 | *Total Recall 2070* |  |
| 1999 | *Strange World* | Pilot |
| 2000 | *The Virginian* | TV film |
| 2000 | *Dark Angel* | Pilot |
| 2001 | *Smallville* | Pilot |
| 2002 | *Haunted* | Pilot |
| 2003 | *Tarzan* | Pilot |
| 2003 | *Mob Princess* | TV film |
| 2004 | *Kat Plus One* | TV film |
| 2011 | *The Killing* | Eight episodes |
| 2013 | *Deception* | Pilot |
| 2013 | *Betrayal* | Pilot |
| 2018 | *The Beach House* | TV film |


title: Hydropionea schausalis

abstract: Hydropionea schausalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1923. It is found in Guatemala.

text:
# Hydropionea schausalis

***Hydropionea schausalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1923. It is found in Guatemala.

## InfoBox

| *Hydropionea schausalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Hydropionea* |
| Species: | ***H. schausalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hydropionea schausalis***<br>(Dyar, 1923) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Clupeosoma schausalis* Dyar, 1923 | |


title: Lahotan

abstract: Lahotan is an arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Savalou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,134.

text:
# Lahotan

**Lahotan** is an arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Savalou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,134.

7°52′05″N 1°52′57″E / 7.8681°N 1.8824°E / 7.8681; 1.8824

## InfoBox

| Lahotan | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Collines Department |
| Commune | Savalou |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 6,134 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: Tunnel Vision (Pop Smoke song)

abstract: "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" is a drill song by American rapper Pop Smoke from his posthumous debut studio album, Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon (2020). The song was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside 808Melo, who has the real name of Andre Loblack, Jugraj Nagra, and Carson Hackney. It was produced by the latter three. The original melody of the song is called "Wild West" and had a Western flute over it. In the lyrics, Pop Smoke raps about looking towards his future and wanting to have an impact on the music industry. The song received positive reviews from music critics, who generally expressed it as menacing. "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" peaked at number 79 on the US Billboard Hot 100, while it reached number 43 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number 57 on the Canadian Hot 100. In November 2020, journalist Victoria Inoyo filed a lawsuit against Victor Victor Worldwide, Universal Music Group, Republic Records, and Warner Chappell Music, Inc, alleging they used an interview she conducted with Pop Smoke at the Rolling Loud music festival in December 2019 on the song without her permission or payment.

text:
# Tunnel Vision (Pop Smoke song)

"**Tunnel Vision (Outro)**" is a drill song by American rapper Pop Smoke from his posthumous debut studio album, *Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon* (2020). The song was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside 808Melo, who has the real name of Andre Loblack, Jugraj Nagra, and Carson Hackney. It was produced by the latter three. The original melody of the song is called "Wild West" and had a Western flute over it. In the lyrics, Pop Smoke raps about looking towards his future and wanting to have an impact on the music industry.

The song received positive reviews from music critics, who generally expressed it as menacing. "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" peaked at number 79 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100, while it reached number 43 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number 57 on the Canadian Hot 100. In November 2020, journalist Victoria Inoyo filed a lawsuit against Victor Victor Worldwide, Universal Music Group, Republic Records, and Warner Chappell Music, Inc, alleging they used an interview she conducted with Pop Smoke at the Rolling Loud music festival in December 2019 on the song without her permission or payment.

## Background

Producer Carson Hackney sent a sample of the song to fellow producer Nagra. He added flute, mixed the song, and did some structuring to the sample. The producer then sent it to 808Melo. The original melody of the song, created by Hackney, is called "Wild West" and had a Western concert flute over it. 808Melo played the song's beat for Pop Smoke when they were recording in the Bahamas; the track had 808Melo's signature sounds on it. Pop Smoke found it challenging to record the song because of the melody and when 808Melo played the song, Pop Smoke said: "Um, I like it, but I don't know." 808Melo was going to scrap the beat, until Pop Smoke wanted to record the song. Nagra called Hackney and explained he had heard a snippet of the song and immediately knew that it started with his original melody. At the end of the phone call, he told Hackey that the song was going to end up on the album. The song was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside 808Melo, who has the real name of Andre Loblack, Jugraj Nagra, and Carson Hackney. It was produced by the latter three.

## Composition and reception

Musically, "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" is a drill track. Pop Smoke shouts out his best friend Mike Dee at the beginning of the song. Gary Suarez of *Entertainment Weekly* depicted the song "pulls 808's signature bass wobble from their popular 2019 single 'Dior'". *NME*'s Dhruva Balram opined the song shows Pop Smoke "looking towards a future he never had". Towards the end of "Tunnel Vision (Outro)", an interviewer asks serious questions to Pop Smoke: "What do you want your impact to be on the music industry?/Like, a hundred years from now, how do you want people to remember you?/Pop Smoke did this, he did that, he did what?" Pop Smoke responds confidently: "Pop Smoke came in and changed the game/Pop Smoke came in and showed them niggas a new vibe/You know, the whole sound, the whole vibe, the whole movement/Different."

A.D. Amorosi of *Variety* described the song as "ambient", while Suarez called it "menacing". Paul Thompson from *GQ* said "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" "stomp\[s\] as hard as the best Pop Smokes songs do". David Crone of AllMusic lauded the song as "excellent", and said Pop Smoke's "sheer charisma still manages to cut through". Bianca Gracie of *Paper* magazine deemed the song "foreboding". Following the release of *Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon*, "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" debuted and peaked at number 79 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. The song simultaneously peaked at number 43 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number 57 on the Canadian Hot 100.

## Lawsuit

On November 24, 2020, journalist Victoria Inoyo filed a lawsuit against Victor Victor Worldwide, Universal Music Group, Republic Records, and Warner Chappell Music, Inc, alleging they used an interview she did with Pop Smoke at the Rolling Loud music festival on December 14, 2019, in Los Angeles for "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" without her permission. Court documents say that Inoyo used her own questions during the interview, which Pop Smoke responded to on video footage that was recorded by her team. On January 6, 2020, she allegedly "fixed" and "published" the interview she conducted on her YouTube channel: Vicky's View. The lawsuit says that she owns the copyright for the interview, which has her own voice and Pop Smoke's answers. On June 16, 2020, a representative from Republic Records talked to Inoyo, asking for her permission to include the interview, her vocals, and/or her appearance on the album.

The court documents further state Inoyo was only offered one dollar to use her interview on *Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon*. Inoyo was very interested in having her interview with the rapper appear on the album but wanted to negotiate the terms and compensation. She spoke with another representative from Republic Records on June 22, 2020, to discuss another offer, but was informed that the deadline for the album was two days later. Inoyo was told that on June 23 the label would no longer be using her vocals, and she assumed that the interview would not be used either. Inoyo claimed that 12 percent of the song, which translates to around 16 seconds, was used in the song. She is suing for copyright infringement, unjust enrichment, 1.5 million dollars in damages, credit as a writer on *Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon*, and a percentage of the publishing income earned from it.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.

* Pop Smoke   vocals, songwriter
* 808Melo   production, songwriter
* Carson Hackney   production, programming, songwriter
* Nagra   production, programming, songwriter
* Jess Jackson   mixing engineer, mastering engineer
* Corey Nutile   recording engineer
* Rose Adams   assistant engineer
* Sage Skofield   assistant engineer
* Sean Solymar   assistant engineer
* Dread   additional vocals, background vocals
* Mike Dee   additional vocals
* Xiarra Diamond Nimrod   additional vocals

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Tunnel Vision (Outro)"
| Chart (2020) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 57 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 79 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 43 |

## InfoBox

| "Tunnel Vision (Outro)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Pop Smoke | |
| from the album  *Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon* | |
| Released | July 3, 2020 |
| Genre | Drill |
| Length | 2:12 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * 808Melo * Carson Hackney * Nagra |


title: Hsu Chih-ming

abstract: Hsu Chih-ming is a Taiwanese politician.

text:
# Hsu Chih-ming

**Hsu Chih-ming** (Chinese: 徐志明; pinyin: *Xú Zhìmíng*; born 26 March 1957) is a Taiwanese politician.

## Career

Hsu attended primary school in Daliao, Kaohsiung. He was active in local politics, serving on the district council as well as mayor of Daliao. Hsu also represented his home district on the Kaohsiung County Council. Hsu received a degree from the distance learning institution Knightsbridge University and completed graduate work in political science at National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU).

Hsu was first elected to the Legislative Yuan in 1998. During his 2001 reelection campaign, Hsu was indicted for electoral fraud on 22 November, becoming the first-ever legislative candidate in Taiwanese history to be charged with electoral fraud before the election had passed. By 2 December, just a day after polls closed, Hsu was one of four candidates to be charged with buying votes. In June 2002, Taiwan Solidarity Union lawmaker Su Ying-kwei accused Democratic Progressive Party legislators Hsu, Cheng Tsao-min, and Liang Mu-yang of interference in construction bids at the Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant. A legislative committee was specially convened to investigate the charges. In May 2003, the Taiwan High Court found Hsu guilty of accepting NT$3.95 million in kickbacks in a separate case dating back to 1994, when he was mayor of Daliao. The Supreme Court refused to rule on Hsu's appeal of the 1994 case in 2005. As a result, Hsu was expelled from the legislature, and his Democratic Progressive Party membership suspended.

Hsu's son Hsu Ching-huang left the Democratic Progressive Party to represent the Kuomintang in legislative by-elections held in 2011.

## InfoBox

| Hsu Chih-mingMLY | |
| --- | --- |
| 徐志明 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Yuan | |
| **In office**
1 February 1999  7 October 2005 | |
| Constituency | Kaohsiung County |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1957-03-26) 26 March 1957 |
| Nationality | Taiwanese |
| Political party | Democratic Progressive Party |
| Education | Knightsbridge University (BA)
National Sun Yat-sen University (MPA) |
| Occupation | politician |
|  | |


title: Virginia Air Line Railway

abstract: Virginia Air Line Railroad (VAL) was a short-line railroad that operated from 1908 to 1975 in Central Virginia. It was built by the Virginia Air Line Railway Company to connect the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's (C&O) Piedmont Subdivision at Lindsay, Virginia, to the Rivanna Subdivision of C&O's James River Line at Strathmore Yard, near Bremo Bluff, Virginia. The route was once an important link for providing coal to power the Washington, D.C. area. However, facing increased competition from other modes of transportation such as trucks and automobiles, service on the rail line was cut back and eventually abandoned after 67 years of declining use.

text:
# Virginia Air Line Railway

**Virginia Air Line Railroad** (VAL) was a short-line railroad that operated from 1908 to 1975 in Central Virginia. It was built by the Virginia Air Line Railway Company to connect the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's (C&O) Piedmont Subdivision at Lindsay, Virginia, to the Rivanna Subdivision of C&O's James River Line at Strathmore Yard, near Bremo Bluff, Virginia.

The route was once an important link for providing coal to power the Washington, D.C. area. However, facing increased competition from other modes of transportation such as trucks and automobiles, service on the rail line was cut back and eventually abandoned after 67 years of declining use.

## History

The idea for the railroad originated from C&O president George Stevens. The Commonwealth of Virginia issued a charter to the Virginia Air Line Railway Company on April 10, 1906. Construction began in October 1906, under chief engineer Walter Washabaugh of Charlottesville, Virginia. Designed as an air-line railroad, the slope of grades were limited to 1 percent and the curvature of tracks were limited to six degrees. By 1907, 17 miles (27 km) of the approximately 30 miles (48 km) of planned track had been laid from the initial junction of Lindsay to the Fluvanna County seat of Palmyra. Six bridges were built on the railway: four under contract with the American Bridge Company, and one each by the Phoenix Bridge Company and the Virginia Bridge & Iron Company. A quarry was opened in Carysbrook to mine granite for bridge construction. The project was budgeted at $900,000 at a cost of about $30,000 per mile. Around May 1908, a full-service agency for the rail line was built in the town of Clarkland, newly renamed Troy after Virginia Air Line Railway company president "Captain" T. O. Troy.

Completed in October 1908, this branch route was built to handle cargo that would have otherwise been too tall or wide to fit through the tunnels that crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains between Charlottesville and Waynesboro. Coal destined for Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia was sent down the James River Line to the southern junction of the route at Strathmore Yard, near Bremo Bluff. The shipments then proceeded up the Virginia Air Line to the northern junction at Lindsay, and continued on to Gordonsville. The railway also became an important line of communication that connected the small communities along the route with larger cities, such as Washington, D.C. C&O began to operate the company directly in July 1909, and acquired it outright in July 1912. Stevens stepped down as the president of C&O in 1920.

During the 1950s, young Ethel Mae Robinson, whose family members worked for C&O, became a regular sight along the route. Robinson, who lived near the tracks, waved so consistently at passing trains that the crew became accustomed to seeing her and brought her gifts until her teenage years. She later married William DeLong, who also worked for C&O.

### 1942 collision

On July 31, 1942, four rail employees were killed when two trains were involved in a head-on collision on the Virginia Air Line Railway. Trains traveling in opposite directions were given a "meet order" to use a passing loop at Rockaway. However, a "meet" had not been coordinated on the line in 20 years. The northbound locomotive was having problems maintaining pressure for the uphill journey and collided with a coal train south of Palmyra. No passengers were on either train. Northbound railroad engineer Bill Ganzert was killed instantly and was found in the wreckage of the locomotive on the engineer's seat with his hand still on the steam pressure gauge. Brakeman Jack “J.J.” Ferrer survived burn injuries from the crash and joined a 1992 reunion of the surviving crew, organized at Bethel Baptist Church near Palmyra by retired trainmaster Frank Schumaker with the Fluvanna County Historical Society.

### Decline

In February 1927, dedicated passenger rail service was reduced to one train per day in each direction, and replaced by mixed trains in June 1932. The growing adoption of automobiles and airplanes had been taking business away from railroads since the 1930s. In 1931, the Virginia Electric & Power Company (now Dominion Resources) constructed a 30-megawatt coal-fired power station right along the path of the James River Line at Bremo Bluff, which did not require the connection through the Virginia Air Line Railway for coal shipments.

The railway's practice of mixing passengers and cargo amid declining traffic resulted in a $500 personal injury suit. 65-year-old farmer S. O. Butler claimed that he was injured on June 10, 1939, while disembarking from a moving train which had slowed down at Palmyra, rather than coming to a complete stop, because of its heavy load. The Supreme Court of Virginia ruled in favor of parent company C&O on June 8, 1942, as the conductor had discussed the circumstances ahead of time with the passengers and did not compel Butler to leave the train. By June 1954, all remaining mixed train service had come to an end.

On October 26, 1971, the Fluvanna Board of Supervisors sued C&O to keep the railway in operation. However, the Interstate Commerce Commission permitted C&O to proceed with plans to close the line. On August 1, 1973, the final train made its round trip on the route. After a one-year delay by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Virginia Air Line was officially abandoned on November 3, 1975. The remaining tracks were removed by August 25, 1978. On September 2, 1987, C&O itself was merged into CSX Transportation.

### Revival as a trail

In 2003, the Fluvanna Heritage Trail Foundation acquired the right-of-way of the old Virginia Air Line for adaptive re-use as a rail trail. The pathway was cleared and publicly opened in 2004. In 2005, the foundation undertook restoration work to open a museum at the trailhead, as well as designing a replacement bridge at the Rivanna River in Palmyra, to provide access to views of the area.

## Route stops

LindsayBremo Bluffclass=notpageimage|The Virginia Air Line connected railroad junctions from the town of Lindsay to Strathmore Yard, near Bremo Bluff.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Virginia Air Line Railroad
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Troy, Virginia |
| Reporting mark | VAL |
| Locale | Central Virginia |
| Dates of operation | 19081975 |
| Successor | *abandoned* |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
| Length | 29.8 miles (48.0 km) |


title: Tsetsebjwe

abstract: Tsetsebjwe is a village in the Bobirwa sub-district of the Central District of Botswana. It is in the Central Bobonong census district. As of 2001 it had a population of 4,396. The village is northwest of the privately owned Limpopo-Lipadi Game and Wilderness Reserve, near the South African border. The nearest town is Selebi Phikwe.

text:
# Tsetsebjwe

**Tsetsebjwe** is a village in the Bobirwa sub-district of the Central District of Botswana. It is in the Central Bobonong census district. As of 2001 it had a population of 4,396. The village is northwest of the privately owned Limpopo-Lipadi Game and Wilderness Reserve, near the South African border.

The nearest town is Selebi Phikwe.

## Origins

The village is named after the Tsetsebjwe hill, and lies at the foot of this hill.

## Economy

A 1983 survey of the Tsetsebjwe area found that there was no permanent surface water, although there was permanent water in the sand beds of most rivers. There were some small earth dams, but they were all dry. The village was supplied by boreholes. The nature of the basement terrain meant that there was not much potential for further groundwater development. The village holds many huge Mowana trees.

Many of the people are still engaged in cultivating the fields around the village and raising livestock.

The village is less than 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the Zanzibar Border Gate on the Limpopo River, an entry point to South Africa. Despite being an important point for transfer of goods between the two countries, the river is only crossed using a drift, and this is not usable in the rainy season. In 2008 the Tsetsebjwe Village Development Committee was calling for construction of a bridge over the river.

## Community

Tsetsebjwe hill was traditionally considered hallowed ground. It could be climbed by anyone as there is no danger or harm related to the hill. The summit was thought to be the grazing place for village goats and other livestock. It was used for fertility ceremonies and for ceremonies to appease the gods and end the dry season. These traditions are no longer followed to the same extent as in the past, and now there are pylons and communications towers on the hill.{klSadimbo}

The Eloyi Christian Church was founded in this village in 1955 by Poster Jakoba Keiphile. It has since spread across Botswana and into neighboring countries. At first, Jakobo suffered from religious persecution, since the only church allowed was that of the Congregationalist London Missionary Society. Freedom of religion was established after independence in 1966, and he was able to return to Tsetsebjwe. The village remains the headquarters of the church.

In August 2011 the community was in the news when a boy died at the Nyangabwe Referral Hospital in Francistown after being flogged. The cause apparently was a damaged kidney. the boy was sentenced to four cane strokes on the back by the traditional court, the Kgotla, for slapping a schoolmate during an argument. According to the headman of Mogadingwane ward, the boy's mother had preferred corporal punishment to a criminal charge from the police. The police and the Sub-Tribal Authority were in agreement that corporal punishment on a minor was not warranted by customary law.

Some prominent musicians have their origin in the village, including Kgwanyape, Marks and the Beat, and the Dinare traditional troupe.

## Political divisions

After a change in electoral boundaries, Tsetsejwe and the nearby village of Moletemane became part of the Tswapong North Constituency while remaining part of the Bobirwa sub-district. Authorities in Bobira have been trying to bring the villages back into the Bobirwa Constituency so that services can be delivered more efficiently. With the increased population, the Bobirwa Constituency would merit two Members of Parliament. During the 2014 general elections Tsetsebjwe went back to vote in Bobirwa.

**Citations**

**Sources**

* Aldiss, D.T. (1983). "THE GEOLOGY OF THE TSETSEBJWE AREA" (PDF). Botswana - GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT.
* Central Statistics Office (April 2002). "POPULATION OF TOWNS, VILLAGES AND ASSOCIATED LOCATLITIES" (PDF). *2001 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS*. Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
* Limpopo-Lipadi Game and Wilderness Reserve (2012). "Reserve Details". Archived from the original on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
* Modikwa, Onalenna (18 January 2008). "Tsetsebjwe Wants Bridge At Limpopo". *Mmegi*. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
* Modikwa, Onalenna (18 January 2008b). "Tsetsebjwe, the village of the hallowed hill". *MMegi*. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
* Modikwa, Onalenna (24 August 2011). "Youth dies after flogging". *The Monitor*. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
* Modikwa, Onalenna (6 February 2012). "Tsetsebjwe, Moletemane pin hope on delimitation". *The Monitor*. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
* Setsiba, Tuduetso (3 May 2005). "Eloyi Church of the Undaunted". *Mmegi*. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
* Werbner, Richard (2011-04-18). *Holy Hustlers, Schism, and Prophecy: Apostolic Reformation in Botswana*. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26853-1. Retrieved 2012-09-17.

## InfoBox

| Tsetsebjwe | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Tsetsebjwe | |
| Coordinates: 22°24′55″S 28°23′41″E / 22.415313°S 28.394753°E / -22.415313; 28.394753 | |
| Country | Botswana |
| District | Central District |
| Sub-District | Bobirwa |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 4,396 |
|  |  |


title: Haedus (bug)

abstract: Haedus is a genus of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. There are at least 30 described species in Haedus.

text:
# Haedus (bug)

***Haedus*** is a genus of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. There are at least 30 described species in *Haedus*.

## Species

These 32 species belong to the genus *Haedus*:

## Further reading

* Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico* (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9.
* Aukema, Berend; Rieger, Christian, eds. (1997). *Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, vol. 2: Cimicomorpha 1*. The Netherlands Entomological Society. doi:10.1093/aesa/90.6.866. ISBN 90-71912-15-9.
* Blatchley, W.S. (1926). *Heteroptera, or true bugs of eastern North America, with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida*. Nature Publishing. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6871.
* Drake, Carl J.; Ruhoff, Florence A. (1965). "Lacebugs of the World: A Catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae)". *United States National Museum Bulletin* (243). Smithsonian Institution.
* Froeschner, Richard C. (1995). "Review of the New World lace bug genera Acanthocheila Stål and Carvalhotingis new genus (Heteroptera: Tingidae)". *Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington*. **97** (2): 331–339. ISSN 0013-8797.
* Guilbert, Eric; Damgaard, Jakob; D'Haese, Cyrille A. (2014). "Phylogeny of the lacebugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Tingidae) using morphological and molecular data". *Systematic Entomology*. **39** (3): 431–441. ISSN 1365-3113.
* Henry, Thomas J.; Froeschner, Richard C. (1992). "Corrections and additions to the Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States". *Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington*. **94** (2): 263–272. ISSN 0013-8797.
* Henry, Thomas J.; Froeschner, Richard C., eds. (1988). *Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States*. E. J. Brill. ISBN 0-916846-44-X.
* Schuh, Randall T.; Cassis, Gerasimos; Guilbert, Eric (2006). "Description of the first recent macropterous species of Vianaidinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the family within the Cimicomorpha". *Journal of the New York Entomological Society*. **114** (1–2): 38–53. ISSN 0028-7199.
* Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane; Wheeler, Ward C. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis". *Systematic Entomology*. **34** (1): 15–48. ISSN 1365-3113.
* Walker, Francis (1871). *Catalogue of the Specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum, pt. IV*. British Museum. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9254.

## InfoBox

| *Haedus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Tingidae |
| Tribe: | Tingini |
| Genus: | *Haedus*<br>Distant, 1904 |
|


title: Holly High School

abstract: Holly High School (HHS) is a public high school for grades 9–12 located in Holly, Michigan. It provides secondary education for students living in Holly, Davisburg, Springfield Township, Rose Township, and White Lake Township. Its official mascot is the Broncho and its colors are red, white, and grey. In 1952, Holly High School opted to change the spelling of its mascot from Bronco to Broncho since the spelling was commonly used. Holly High School is the only high school in the Holly Area School District. The current high school, built in 1999 in Holly Township, Michigan, replaced a high school building that had been built down the street in 1958. The 1958 building, which has for its official address 920 East Baird Street, became a middle school but today is home to Karl Richter Community Center and Holly Area Schools' administrative offices and had, in return, replaced a 1910s school building on College Street, today the site of a church. In recent years, Holly High School has taken advantage of school closures to invite displaced students of closed schools to attend HHS in order for their families to relocate to the Holly area. Because of this HHS has welcomed former students of Flint Central, Pontiac Central and, most recently, Flint Northern High School.

text:
# Holly High School

| Student assessments | |
| --- | --- |
| 2021–22 school
year Change vs.
prior year   --- | |
| M-STEP 11th grade proficiency rates
(Science / Social Studies) | |
| Advanced % | 24.9 / 12.0 |
| Proficient % | 29.5 / 25.7 |
| PR. Proficient % | 18.1 / 56.5 |
| Not Proficient % | 27.5 / 5.8 |
| Average test scores | |
| SAT Total | 980.6 ( +11.8) |

**Holly High School** (**HHS**) is a public high school for grades 9–12 located in Holly, Michigan. It provides secondary education for students living in Holly, Davisburg, Springfield Township, Rose Township, and White Lake Township. Its official mascot is the Broncho and its colors are red, white, and grey. In 1952, Holly High School opted to change the spelling of its mascot from *Bronco* to *Broncho* since the spelling was commonly used. Holly High School is the only high school in the Holly Area School District. The current high school, built in 1999 in Holly Township, Michigan, replaced a high school building that had been built down the street in 1958. The 1958 building, which has for its official address 920 East Baird Street, became a middle school but today is home to Karl Richter Community Center and Holly Area Schools' administrative offices and had, in return, replaced a 1910s school building on College Street, today the site of a church.

In recent years, Holly High School has taken advantage of school closures to invite displaced students of closed schools to attend HHS in order for their families to relocate to the Holly area. Because of this HHS has welcomed former students of Flint Central, Pontiac Central and, most recently, Flint Northern High School.

## Performing arts

The Holly High School band program consists of marching band and color guard during the fall season and concert/symphony band during the winter and spring seasons. The Holly High School Main Street Show Choir is also active and performs year-round, as does the Holly High School Concert Choir.

## Notable alumni

* Andrew Anderson, professional bowler.
* Jim Ray, former Major League Baseball pitcher for Houston Astros and Detroit Tigers.
* First Lt. Karl W. Richter, U.S. Air Force, "At the age of 23, on Sept. 21, 1966, Richter became the youngest American pilot in Southeast Asia to shoot down a Communist Mig 17."
* Roland (Rollie) C. Harmes, Jr. (1957) Former Director of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, honored by Oakland County Commissioners Proclamation (2023) in recognition of his dedication to natural resource preservation, spanning four decades with the MDNR.

## InfoBox

| Holly High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 6161 East Holly Road
Holly, Oakland County, Michigan 48442
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°47′39″N 83°35′05″W / 42.7942°N 83.5848°W / 42.7942; -83.5848 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public Secondary |
| Motto | " Dream it, Believe it, Achieve it " |
| Established | 1896 |
| School district | Holly Area Schools |
| CEEB code | 231980 |
| Principal | Eric Curl |
| Teaching staff | 52.46 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9 - 12 |
| Number of students | 1,023 (2022-2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 19.50 |
| Color(s) | Red and white |
| Athletics conference | Flint Metro League |
| Mascot | Bronchos |
| Website | www.hask12.org/schools/holly-high-school/ |


title: Hydropionea rusina

abstract: Hydropionea rusina is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1895. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Hydropionea rusina

***Hydropionea rusina*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1895. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Hydropionea rusina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Hydropionea* |
| Species: | ***H. rusina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hydropionea rusina***<br>(H. Druce, 1895) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sufetula rusina* H. Druce, 1895 | |


title: Rodrigues College

abstract: Rodrigues College is a secondary school for both girls and boys. It is located in Port Mathurin, Rodrigues. It is the first ecumenical educational institution on the Indian Ocean.

text:
# Rodrigues College

**Rodrigues College** is a secondary school for both girls and boys. It is located in Port Mathurin, Rodrigues. It is the first ecumenical educational institution on the Indian Ocean.

## History

Rodrigues College celebrated its 30th anniversary during the year 2004. It originated from the merger of the St. Louis and St. Barnabas Colleges in 1973. Rodrigues Island has a small population and during the early seventies it was difficult to run two colleges with few students and resources.

St. Louis College was a Roman Catholic school and St. Barnabas was administered by the Anglican diocese of Mauritius. During the month of August 1973, the then managers of both institutions met and decided on a merger as a final solution to save both schools.

Since that time, Rodrigues College has grown into a popular educational institution and has educated a large portion of the Rodriguan population.

The motto of the college is ‘Sapienta Et Fortitudo,’ meaning ‘Wisdom and Strength.' Students wear a green and white uniform along with the college badge.

## Notable alumni

Rodrigues College website

19°40′55″S 63°25′16″E / 19.682°S 63.421°E / -19.682; 63.421


title: Tuna Club of Avalon

abstract: The Tuna Club of Avalon is a private members's club in Avalon on Santa Catalina Island in California.

text:
# Tuna Club of Avalon

The **Tuna Club of Avalon** is a private members's club in Avalon on Santa Catalina Island in California.

## History

The club was founded by Charles Frederick Holder (1851–1915) in 1898.

Early members included Zane Grey, Bing Crosby, Charlie Chaplin, Stan Laurel, Hal Roach, Cecil B. DeMille, Herbert Hoover and George S. Patton. Among the first *honorary members* were Theodore Roosevelt, then Governor of New York, author Henry Van Dyke (both elected in 1898), Henry Markham (elected in 1899), ex-President Grover Cleveland (1899), Gifford Pinchot (1906) and Charles Hallock (1907). Against widespread opinion and popular belief, the future prime minister Winston Churchill was *not* part of the membership. The club hosted Churchill once, for a unique visit in 1929. On that occasion the then Chancellor of the Exchequer caught a 125-pound marlin.

The club was all-male for many years, but membership to women is now welcome.

Beyond its listed clubhouse, it also leases waterfront facilities.

## Clubhouse

The clubhouse is located at 100 St. Catherine Way in Avalon on Santa Catalina Island in California. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 2, 1991. It is also listed as a California Historical Landmark.

The state marker on the site reads:

* *NO. 997 TUNA CLUB OF AVALON – The Tuna Club of Avalon marks the birthplace of modern big game sportfishing in 1898. Led by Dr. Charles Frederick Holder, the club's founding members adopted the rules of conduct stressing conservationist ethics and sporting behavior. Today, their work remains the basis for the sport's internationally accepted principles.*

The clubhouse was used as a location for the 1974 film *Chinatown*. In the film, the Tuna Club was renamed the Albacore Club.

## Bibliography

* Farrior, Michael (2004). *The History of the Tuna Club, 1898–1998*. Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, CA: Tuna Club Foundation. OCLC 54039547.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tuna Club of Avalon | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| California Historical Landmark No. 997 | |
|  | |
| Main entrance | |
|  | |
| Location | 100 St. Catherine Way, Catalina Island, Avalon, California |
| Coordinates | 33°20′44″N 118°19′35″W / 33.34556°N 118.32639°W / 33.34556; -118.32639 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1916 (1916) |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/craftsman |
| NRHP reference No. | 91000338 |
| CHISL No. | 997 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 2, 1991 |
| Designated CHISL | Feb. 11, 1991 |


title: Psychic bid

abstract: Psychic bid is a bid in contract bridge that grossly misstates the power and/or suit lengths of one's hand. It is used deliberately to deceive the opponents. Normally, the psychic bid is made with a weak hand, overstating its overall strength, the length and strength in a particular suit, or both.

text:
# Psychic bid

**Psychic bid** (also **psych**, pronounced to rhyme with *like*) is a bid in contract bridge that grossly misstates the power and/or suit lengths of one's hand. It is used deliberately to deceive the opponents. Normally, the psychic bid is made with a weak hand, overstating its overall strength, the length and strength in a particular suit, or both. (The noun is occasionally misspelled as *psyche*, through confusion with Psyche, a character in a myth concerning Venus and Cupid.)

## Origins

As an early frequent user of the technique, Dorothy Rice Sims is often thought to be the originator of the psychic bid; however, according to bridge player and writer, Albert Morehead, "She did not actually invent the psychic bid, though it is generally credited to her, but she did give it its name and she wrote the first and only book about it." She is regarded as having coined the term "psychic".

## Examples

Q6432 73 1053 J83

After two successive passes, this hand might be opened with 1 as a psych, trying to stop opponents from reaching a likely game or even slam. Some might open with a 1 psych, to confuse matters further. Of course, there is always a danger that the partner will double the opponents on the basis of opener's presumed strength, or support the psychic opening at too high a level.

AQ3 AJ9 53 QJ852

North opens 1 and South can see that game in notrump is probably the best prospect. South might support clubs directly, bid 2NT, or temporize with 1 or 1. But South might instead bid 1, a psych that attempts to talk the opponents out of a diamond lead against 3NT.

53 J42 KQJ1083 106

Right-hand opponent opens 1. Instead of preempting in diamonds, South can bid 1NT to confuse matters, running to diamonds if doubled. This type of psych is referred to as the comic notrump.

Some psychic bids are so common that they are often referred to as *mini-psychs*. For example, many would consider a hand such as 53 Q642 QJ85 1084 to be an automatic 1 bid after partner opens 1 and the right-hand opponent doubles for takeoutit is made in an attempt to talk the opponents out of their likely spade fit, subsequently escaping to 3 if necessary.

## Regulations

Per rules of the game, the partner of a player who has psyched must not take advantage of any special knowledge of the partnership's habits. So a partnership that uses occasional psychic bids must take care to ensure full disclosure – not only of its formal bidding system but also of its habits. For example, if a partnership tends to psych under certain circumstances, it is much better prepared to recognize a psych, and to cope with it, than are its opponents. The game's Laws and Proprieties therefore require disclosure of the partnership's tendency.

In duplicate bridge, sponsoring organizations often impose a number of restrictions on psychic bids. For example, psychs of strong artificial opening bids (such as strong two clubs) are not allowed by the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). In addition, if the partner is perceived to have bid abnormally due to taking account of a psych, then the score may be adjusted. Also, partnership agreements to use a "check bid" or psychic control to verify the psych may either be banned entirely (as by the ACBL) or limited in their usage (as by the World Bridge Federation, which designates them brown sticker conventions).

1. Bridge Beat 23, Dorothy Rice Sims. ACBL. February 22, 2012. Retrieved 2014-11-16.   With photo.
2. "Contract Bridge: Bridge Loses Last of Its Most Colorful Foursome, Dorothy Rice Sims". Albert Hodges Morehead. *The New York Times*. March 26, 1960. Page 18.
3. Vanderbilt, Harold S. (July 1929). *Contract Bridge: Bidding and the Club Convention*. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 143–144. ASIN B000857ZZU.
4. Harold S. Vanderbilt refers to "bluff bidding", one type of psychic bidding, in his 1929 book *Contract Bridge*.
5. "Bridge" (untitled column). Alan Truscott. *The New York Times*. May 26, 1994. Retrieved 2014-11-16. The column is illustrated by a deal from the 1930s, featuring a "psychic" bid by Mrs. Sims. The linked archive copy (nytimes.com) does not include the crucial diagram.
6. "Bridge" (untitled column). Alan Truscott. *The New York Times*. August 23, 1997. Retrieved 2014-11-16. The linked archive copy does not include the crucial diagram of a recent deal featuring David Berah.
7. "BRIDGE; The Treachery That Lurks In Psychic Bidders' Hearts". Alan Truscott. *The New York Times*. April 15, 2000. Retrieved 2014-11-16. The linked archive copy does not include the crucial diagram of a deal featuring David Berah in the 1964 South American Championships (team Venezuela).
8. Some authorities disagree with this approach, stating that such a prohibition amounts to giving the force of law to the personal preferences of bridge administrators. However, to do so is not illegal, because the Laws give sponsoring organizations the right to regulate the use of conventions. "How Would You Rule?", *Bridge World* magazine, 1978, page 43.

## Further reading


title: Not Accepted Anywhere

abstract: Not Accepted Anywhere is the debut album from Welsh rock band The Automatic, originally released in the United Kingdom on 19 June 2006 and in the United States on 22 June 2007. Working with producers Stephen Harris, Richard Jackson and Ian Broudie on different tracks at a variety of studios around the United Kingdom the album was released through a joint deal between B-Unique Records and Polydor Records. The album spawned three singles, all of which charted in the UK top 40; "Recover" — which was originally released in 2005, then again in 2006, "Raoul" in 2006 and again in 2007, and "Monster" in 2006. "Monster" was also featured and used in the BBC show Torchwood series one, episode 6: "Countrycide". Not Accepted Anywhere charted at No. 3 in the UK top 40, being awarded platinum certification in music sales. The BBC named it amongst the top 10 greatest Welsh albums of the 2000s (decade).

text:
# Not Accepted Anywhere

***Not Accepted Anywhere*** is the debut album from Welsh rock band The Automatic, originally released in the United Kingdom on 19 June 2006 and in the United States on 22 June 2007. Working with producers Stephen Harris, Richard Jackson and Ian Broudie on different tracks at a variety of studios around the United Kingdom the album was released through a joint deal between B-Unique Records and Polydor Records.

The album spawned three singles, all of which charted in the UK top 40; "Recover" — which was originally released in 2005, then again in 2006, "Raoul" in 2006 and again in 2007, and "Monster" in 2006. "Monster" was also featured and used in the BBC show *Torchwood* series one, episode 6: "Countrycide".

*Not Accepted Anywhere* charted at No. 3 in the UK top 40, being awarded platinum certification in music sales. The BBC named it amongst the top 10 greatest Welsh albums of the 2000s (decade).

## Recording and production

The band recorded demos in early 2005 with Richard Jackson, amongst which were "Monster", "Rats" and "By My Side", early versions of which included Rob Hawkins playing flute on. The demo was sent to B-Unique, who subsequently came to one of the band's live performances, signing them on the spot.

Recording the album took place in late 2005 - through to early 2006 over a six-week period. The six weeks of recording were split into four blocks, taking place in Cardiff at Stir studio, Liverpool at The Elevator studio, South Thoresby at The Chapel studio and Hammersmith at The Peace Rooms. Over the four locations the band worked with 3 different producers, including Richard Jackson in Cardiff, Ian Broudie in Liverpool and Stephen Harris

For release of *Not Accepted Anywhere* in the United States a year later the band along with Leon Zervos at Sterling Studios in New York re-worked and re-mixed the entire record, changing various levels of previous recordings to sound how they had originally envisioned; *"The production is different, it's been mixed to sound a bit more raw and a bit more rock, which is probably more reflective of the way we are live than the UK version is"*.

## Composition

In retrospect Rob Hawkins described the lyrics of *Not Accepted Anywhere* as personal to the band members experiences up until that point. The title itself is a play upon MasterCard's promotional phrase *"Accepted Everywhere"*. The band originally considered calling the album *Now Here in Nowhere*.

Lead track "That's What She Said" makes references to pop culture and the drones of day-to-day lives - waiting for the weekend to begin, "Raoul" similarly is about being stuck in routines - with Raoul's being a sandwich shop in Cardiff were the band would escape during studio time. "You Shout You Shout You Shout You Shout" also deals with pop culture \- specifically pop music and those who listen to it. "Recover" is about trying to motivate yourself and do something other than sit in front of the TV.

"Monster" is about binge drinking and being intoxicated on alcohol, which reveals the *monster* in people. Both "Seriously...I Hate You Guys" and "Team Drama" were written about people in the band's lives who "force their problems onto you". "On The Campaign Trail" was written about the band's first experiences of touring in the United Kingdom, with the title referencing Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72.

*Not Accepted Anywhere* combined elements of dance-punk, indie rock and hard rock. Much of the heavier distorted guitars originally recorded for the album were either removed or made less prominent in the first release of *Not Accepted Anywhere*. The band used 3 different synthesisers during the recording of the album - an Alesis Micron, Roland Juno-106 and an Alesis Andromeda. Vocal parts were split between Rob Hawkins who sings the lead vocal on each track, whilst James Frost provides backing vocals and Alex Pennie provides both screams and flat vocals. Many albums tracks have three distinctly separate vocal parts, using call and response style layering.

## Artwork

The sleeve and album booklet artwork was created by Richard Stockton. The different pieces of the artwork represent different songs on the album; "That's What She Said" is represented by "BLAH BLAH BLAH" in a speech bubble, "Raoul" is represented by a sandwich, whilst "Recover" is represented by a megaphone - a reference to the original music video directed by Phaelon Productions. "Monster" is referenced by a pill, a sign with "home" written on it refers to "Lost at Home". "Keep Your Eyes Peeled" is represented by the eyeballs, "Seriously...I Hate You Guys" is depicted by a piece of screwed up paper with "hate" scrawled on it. A baseball bat with "drama" written on it refers to track "Team Drama". On top of the banner of "The Automatic" sits a rat, referring to the track "Rats".

For the album's release in the Japan and the United States the artwork is yellow, as opposed to green, with the United States version also changed to The Automatic Automatic due to the legal issues surrounding using the title The Automatic in America. Richard Stockton also designed artwork for the singles from *Not Accepted Anywhere;* "Monster", "Raoul" and "Recover".

## Release

Over the course of 2005, demos of "Monster" and "Rats" were made available for streaming on MySpace and through the band's website. The first completed album track to be released was "Recover" on 21 November 2005 as a limited 7" vinyl and limited CD single, featuring "Jack Daniel's" and "Song6" as b-sides. Second single "Raoul" was released with b-side "Trophy Wives" and album track "On The Campaign Trail" on 27 March 2006 as a standard non-limited CD/vinyl single.

The album's title, track-listing and release date were revealed on 27 April 2006, along with release details for the band's third single "Monster", with an album release of 19 June 2006 and a single release on 5 June 2006. After the album's release a compilation EP, also titled Raoul was released, featuring singles "Monster", "Raoul" and "Recover", as well as album track "On The Campaign Trail" and b-sides "Jack Daniel's", "Song6", "High Tide on Caroline Street", "Trophy Wives" and "Night Drive".

Debut single "Recover" was re-recorded and re-released on 18 September 2006, similarly second single "Raoul" was re-worked slightly and received a re-release on 8 January 2007, along with a studio-recording of the band's cover of Kanye West's single "Gold Digger" and a new b-side "Easy Target". The re-release was made on a limited 7" picture disc.

In support of the band's 2007 tour of the United States of America the album was set for release on 26 June 2007, proceeded by a USA release of single "Monster" on 5 June 2007, and an EP So Nice Say It Twice on 19 June 2007.

## Promotion

### Media coverage

The Automatic made their television debut on 24 February 2006, performing "Raoul" on The Friday Night Project, becoming the first band to make a return performance on the show in August performing "Recover". on 24 February 2006 and again on 18 March on The Album Chart Show. The band appeared on Popworld multiple times, performing "Raoul", "Recover" and "Monster" - all on separate occasions, as well as being featured in a behind the scenes look at the music video for "Monster", trying out pig farming, and a behind the scenes look at the 2007 NME Tour.

On 18 March 2006 the band performed "Raoul" on The Album Chart Show, returning again weeks later performing "Recover". The band also appeared on Transmission, T4 On the Beach, Soccer AM, Never Mind The Buzzcocks, Fuse TV's The Vinnie Langdon Show and headlined Later with Jools Holland after Keane were unable to play. Festival performances from Reading and Leeds 2006 were Glastonbury Festival 2007 also shown on the BBC.

The band were asked to perform on GMTV on 21 July 2006 at around 9:00 am, having performed the night before at Carling Academy Bristol and being unhappy with the GMTV appearance the next day, James Frost stated that the band *"decided to stay up all night after the gig"*. The performance resulted in James Frost and Alex Pennie destroying their rented equipment, diving into the drum kit, and getting undressed, whilst singer/bassist Rob Hawkins and drummer Iwan continued to mime along to "Monster". Pennie later explained *"Frost was pretty drunk when we started Monster, and I'm easily led. Before we knew it I was standing in my boxer shorts in the GMTV garden and Frost had trashed all the equipment"*. During the incident a cameraman allegedly received a glancing injury from guitarist James Frost and threatened the band with legal action. This matter was later resolved. The band have stated that they doubt they will ever be asked back, although they have 'not been banned' by GMTV.

The band appeared in radio session for Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on 22 February 2006 on, performing tracks in session. The band covered Kanye West's song "Gold Digger" in BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge in summer 2006. Their performance at the Lemon Grove in Exeter was also broadcast on Steve Lamacq's BBC 6 Music show on 3 October 2006.

### Touring

In 2005 and in early 2006 the band predominantly played support shows, opening for bands such as The Kooks, Kaiser Chiefs, The Ordinary Boys and Goldie Lookin Chain. The band were billed on the NME 2006 New Music Tour, opening for Boy Kill Boy, before extensively headlining their own tours across the United Kingdom. In the summer of 2006 the band performed at T4 On The Beach, Oxegen Festival, T in the Park, Cardiff Big Weekend, Reading and Leeds Festivals amongst others. Touring also took places in other parts of Europe and in Japan, before headlining the NME Indie Rock Tour 2007, with support coming from The View, The Horrors and Mumm-Ra. For the majority of 2007 the band toured the United States of America, playing South by Southwest Festival, Warped Tour and headlining their own USA tour, whilst returning for sporadic UK dates, such as Glastonbury Festival and The Full Ponty festival. Touring and promotion for *Not Accepted Anywhere* ended on 26 August 2007 at Get Loaded in the Park, which was the final live appearance with Alex Pennie as a member of The Automatic.

## Reception

Not Accepted Anywhere
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| BBC | (positive) |
| Drowned in Sound | (5/10) |
| Gigwise |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *The Times* | (mixed) |
| *NME* | (8/10) |
| *The Skinny* |  |
| This Is Fake DIY | (8/10) |

Dan Martin of NME highly praised *Not Accepted Anywhere,* stating *"there’s no slow bits; instead, every single tune has pop, punk, emo, techno, electro and funk rammed in, and there’s 12 of these melt-in-the-mouth morsels"*, pointing out vocalist and keyboardist Alex Pennie as one of the band's unique selling points claiming *"soon all bands will have an Alex Pennie"* describing him as a *"borderline Tourette’s bashing a keyboard with his fists and screeching backing vocals, have made him sound like a new instrument all of its own."* The BBC ranked the album as one of the top 10 albums to come out of Wales between 2000 and 2010, with Tom Smith claiming they had produced an album full of three-minute pop jewels. A positive review from This Is Fake DIY stated it takes just 30 seconds before the first *"yelping, jerking irresistible hook line, trashing the hype machine in the process"*. Gigwise.com's Jeff Ando claimed that *"The Automatic could be the band of 2006"*, comparing their music to that of The Killers and Kaiser Chiefs, also commenting that any of the 12 tracks could stand release as a single. The Guardian awarded *Not Accepted Anywhere* 3 out of 5 commenting *"your standard four-piece band is now doing the guitar and drums thing at twice the speed, powered by an urgent rage"* believing that the band had the potential and recipe to take their music into top 5 the UK music charts. Jon Seller of Scottish music magazine The Skinny praised the album's originality and interesting vocal arrangements, awarding 4 out of 5 stars.

Drowned in Sound reviewer Dom Gourlay awarded the album 5 out of 10, labelling single "Monster" as *"big, dumb and totally unforgettable"*, however questioned why a band who could write such a catchy song would write an album which *"reeks of such depressing déjà vu"*. Steve Jelbert of The Times called *Not Accepted Anywhere* a *"reasonable debut album"*, yet *"already dated"*. Reviewing the 2007 re-release in the United States multi-media site IGN called the album repetitive, awarding only 5 out of 10 stars, calling single "Raoul" a Kaiser Chiefs throwaway, only praising track "You Shout You Shout You Shout You Shout".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "That's What She Said" | 3:15 |
| 2. | "Raoul" | 3:53 |
| 3. | "You Shout You Shout You Shout You Shout" | 3:06 |
| 4. | "Recover" | 2:52 |
| 5. | "Monster" | 3:41 |
| 6. | "Lost at Home" | 3:26 |
| 7. | "Keep Your Eyes Peeled" | 3:01 |
| 8. | "Seriously... I Hate You Guys" | 3:27 |
| 9. | "On the Campaign Trail" | 3:01 |
| 10. | "Team Drama" | 3:13 |
| 11. | "By My Side" | 3:46 |
| 12. | "Rats" | 3:39 |

USA
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Gold Digger" (cover of Kanye West) | 3:23 |

Bonus Track Version
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Song 6" | 3:28 |
| 14. | "Monster" (Culprit 1 Remix) | 3:53 |

iTunes
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Monster" (Live at Electric Ballroom) | 4:17 |

B-Sides
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jack Daniels" (featured on Recover & Raoul EP) | 3:10 |
| 2. | "Song 6" (featured on Recover & Raoul EP) | 3:28 |
| 3. | "Trophy Wives" (featured on Raoul & Raoul EP) | 1:57 |
| 4. | "Night Drive" (featured on Monster & Raoul EP) | 4:12 |
| 5. | "High Tide on Caroline Street" (featured on Monster & Raoul EP) | 2:57 |
| 6. | "Time=Money" (featured on Recover (re-release)) | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Easy Target" (featured on Raoul (re-release)) | 3:52 |

## Personnel

The Automatic Production Artwork

## Chart performance

The album itself hit No. 3 in the UK Album Chart. Four of the five UK singles were also entered to UK Singles Charts. "Monster" topped all 4, hitting number 4, whilst Recover reached 25, and Raoul releases reached 34 and 44.

| Chart (2006) | Entry | Peak
position | Certification | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UK Album Chart | July 2006 | 3 | Gold |  |
| UK Re-entry | January 2007 | 33 | Gold |  |
|  | 2009 |  | Platinum |  |

## InfoBox

| Not Accepted Anywhere | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Automatic | |
| Released | 19 June 2006 |
| Recorded | October 2005–January 2006, Cardiff's Stir studio, Liverpool's Elevator studio, South Thoresby's The Chapel studio, Hammersmith's The Peace Rooms |
| Genre | Indie rock, post-punk revival, alternative rock |
| Length | UK 40:26
USA 43:49
Japan 47:28 |
| Label | B-Unique, Polydor, Columbia |
| Producer | Stephen Harris, Richard Jackson, Ian Broudie |
| The Automatic chronology | |
| ***Not Accepted Anywhere***
(2006) *Raoul EP*
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Not Accepted Anywhere* | |
| 1. "Recover"
Released: 21 November 2005 2. "Raoul"
Released: 27 March 2006 3. "Monster"
Released: 5 June 2006 | |
| USA/Canada artwork | |
|  | |
| The USA/Canadian version of Not Accepted Anywhere as The Automatic Automatic | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Grove City Area School District

abstract: The Grove City Area School District is a small, rural, public school district serving the south eastern region of Mercer County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses the communities of Grove City, Pine Township, Wolf Creek Township, Springfield Township, and Liberty Township. Grove City Area School District encompasses approximately 92 square miles (240 km⁲). According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 16,494. By 2010, the district's population was 17,687 people. In 2009, the District residents' per capita income was $17,309, while median family income was $45,646 a year. Grove City Area School District operates: Highland Primary Center, Hillview Intermediate Center, a middle school for grades 6th–8th, and a 9th – 12th high school.

text:
# Grove City Area School District

The **Grove City Area School District** is a small, rural, public school district serving the south eastern region of Mercer County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses the communities of Grove City, Pine Township, Wolf Creek Township, Springfield Township, and Liberty Township. Grove City Area School District encompasses approximately 92 square miles (240 km2). According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 16,494. By 2010, the district's population was 17,687 people. In 2009, the District residents' per capita income was $17,309, while median family income was $45,646 a year.

Grove City Area School District operates: Highland Primary Center (Kindergarten and first grade), Hillview Intermediate Center (2nd – 5th grade), a middle school for grades 6th–8th, and a 9th – 12th high school.

## Extracurriculars

Grove City Area School District offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and extensive sports program to middle school and high school students.

### Sports

The District funds:

Middle School Sports

According to PIAA directory July 2013

## InfoBox

| Grove City Area School District | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
| 511 Highland Avenue Grove City, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, 16127-1107
United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Motto | To Equip all Students for third Successful Futures. |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Students and staff | |
| Colors | Gold and black |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.grovecity.k12.pa.us |


title: Jim Hart (British Columbia politician)

abstract: James Alexander Hart is a Canadian politician.

text:
# Jim Hart (British Columbia politician)

**James Alexander Hart** (born October 30, 1955) is a Canadian politician.

## Early years

Hart was born in Edmonton, Alberta, was educated in Calgary and completed his military training at Canadian Forces Fleet School Halifax, CFB Borden and CFB Esquimalt. He served in the Canadian Forces twice, first for 5 years in the navy. After training as an Electrical Technician Hart served on 3 of Her Majesty's Canadian Ship's; (HMCS) Gatineau, Qu'Appelle and Yukon. Hart served an addition 5 years as a Canadian Armed Forces Reserve officer and Commanding Officer of the 902 Kiwanis Air Cadet Squadron. Mr. Hart completed his broadcasting training at the Columbia Academy of Radio and Television Arts in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1981. Hart has also studied at the Canadian Securities Institute, completing the Canadian Securities Course and the Ethics, Conduct and Practices Program. Prior to entering political life, Hart worked in the broadcasting industry as radio host, television host, account executive and radio station manager.

## Political career

In 1988, Hart was elected to municipal government and served two terms as a Trustee. In 1989, he joined a new national political movement, the Reform Party of Canada, which became the Canadian Alliance in 2000.

Hart was first elected 1993 to represent the riding of Okanagan—Similkameen—Merritt, British Columbia, in the Canadian parliament. He was re-elected in 1997 in the new riding of Okanagan—Coquihalla.

In 1998, as a member of Canada's official opposition, he was elected by his peers as the Vice Chairman of the House Standing Committee of Defense and Veterans’ Affairs. As well, Hart was appointed as Chief Opposition Critic for a number of senior portfolios including Defense, Veterans’ Affairs, and Justice. He also served as an executive member on the Canada/Japan and NATO Parliamentary Associations. After publicly attacking Reform Party leader Preston Manning and accepting the Parliamentary Pension Plan, Hart briefly quit the Reform caucus before publicly apologizing to be accepted back into the caucus.

In March 1996 Hart accused Jean-Marc Jacob, Member of Parliament for Charlesbourg, of sedition for a 1995 communique sent by him (Jacob) to members of the Armed Forces in Quebec concerning the October 30, 1995 separation referendum in that province. The Speaker ruled the matter *prima facie*, Mr. Hart moved a motion, which after debate was amended, and the House referred the matter to committee for study. See debates, March 12, 1996, pp. 557–67; March 13, 1996, pp. 648–74; March 14, 1996, pp. 680–703; March 18, 1996, pp 854–9. On June 18, 1996 the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs presented its Twenty-Ninth Report which found that although Mr. Jacobs actions were ill-advised, there was no contempt of the House. See Journals June 18, 1996, pp. 565–6; June 20, 1996, pp. 592–3 (House of Commons Procedure and Practice, Robert Marleau and Camille Montpetit ISBN 2-89461-378-4)

The communique urged Canadian Armed Forces personnel, along with equipment and military hardware to immediately join the new Quebec Armed Forces the day after a "yes" vote in the referendum. The referendum failed to win a majority.

## Inquiry

Hart resigned as a Member of Parliament in order so that newly elected Canadian Alliance leader Stockwell Day could enter the House of Commons through a by-election. After the by-election, Hart received a severance payment of $50,000 from the Canadian Alliance, which prompted a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) inquiry. The Canadian Alliance maintained that the payment was made to cover lost income between the time of his resignation and the date of the next election, and was not an inducement.

The RCMP inquiry concluded that an investigation was not necessary and that neither Hart nor the Canadian Alliance had committed a criminal offence, and no charges were ever laid in the matter.

## Later career

Since leaving Parliament, Hart started a Public and Government Relations business, with clients including the British Columbia Naturopathic Association, and continued to speak publicly about proposed changes to health care regulations in British Columbia.

In 2004 Hart moved to the Republic of Georgia and worked as a parliamentary adviser to H.E. Speaker Nino Burjanadze.

In 2005, Hart received an honorary doctorate from Georgian Technical University for his work in parliament and promoting democracy in Georgia.

In May 2008 the Harts returned to Georgia. Jim accepted the position of Dean, School of Governance at Caucasus University.

In the fall of 2008, Jim Hart was offered a position with Management Systems International (MSI) to work in Baghdad, Iraq as Senior Legislative Adviser on a multi-year contract to assist in strengthening the Council of Representatives (COR) Iraq's national parliament. Mr Hart accepted the position and in June 2009 he was promoted to the position of Chief of Party, heading the field operations and programming of the Iraq Legislative Strengthening Program (ILSP) a multimillion-dollar USAID development program.

Jim Hart has been in demand in the field of parliamentary development since 2004, he has managed parliamentary strengthening programs in the Republic of Georgia, Iraq, and Indonesia. In addition, Hart has been active with assignments observing elections in Ukraine, Georgia, and Afghanistan. The impressive list of clients includes international NGO's, USAID, OSCE and the European Union.

From July 2, 2013 to July 1, 2018 he served as a full-time member of the Pacific Regional Division of the Parole Board of Canada.

## Publications