title: James Scott Howard

abstract: James Scott Howard was a public servant in Canada West. He served as postmaster in the Town of York and later was the first postmaster in the newly formed City of Toronto government. He lost his position during the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837.

text:
# James Scott Howard

**James Scott Howard** (September 2, 1798 – March 1, 1866) was a public servant in Canada West. He served as postmaster in the Town of York and later was the first postmaster in the newly formed City of Toronto government. He lost his position during the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837.

## Biography

### Early and personal life

Howard was born on September 2, 1798, to John Howard and Mary Scot in Bandon, County Cork in what is now the Republic of Ireland. At 21, he left Ireland in 1819 and briefly settled in Fredericton, New Brunswick. There, he met and married Salome McLean, becoming the son-in-law of Archibald McLean. Together, James and Salome would have three children.

### Work with the Post Office

Howard arrived in the Town of York in 1820, shortly after which he was appointed as a member of staff for the First Toronto Post Office, where he worked under William Allan. On July 2, 1828, he succeeded Allan as postmaster of the Town of York, a "plum position" in a colonial capital. His annual salary in the position of Postmaster was 713 pounds. He reported to Thomas Stayner, the Deputy Postmaster General for British North America stationed in Quebec City. The postmaster of York was the unofficial Deputy Postmaster General for Upper Canada, the most important postal official in the colony. To the residents of York, being a British and very Anglican town, having an Irish Methodist in this position caused him to be viewed with wariness by some. Howard moved his family north to an area close to Yonge St and St. Clair Avenue. The move freed up his former living space in the post office, allowing it to expand. He would commute to the post office on horseback.

During this busy time, Stayner offered Howard the newly created position of Post Office Surveyor of Upper Canada. Having recently relocated his family and happy with his job in Toronto, he declined the position (Charles Albert Berczy would accept the position). This decision would have "dire consequences" for Howard in the future. Amid the tension surrounding the Rebellion and growing suspicious, Howard wrote to Berczy asking for an investigation on December 9, 1837. He was assured that there was nothing against him except that he had associated too much with "those people" (the rebels); however, he was removed from his post by Lieutenant Governor Francis Bond Head on December 13, 1837, much to his surprise. Howard would learn from Thomas Stayner in January 1838 that Governor Head suspected him "of compliance with the aims and plans of the rebels" because of prior contact he had with John and Joseph Lesslie and the fact that he mostly appointed revolutionary party sympathizers to the Toronto post office. Howard did not take up arms against the rebels, further reinforcing Head's doubts about him. Howard tried to answer the accusations against him by stressing his political neutrality and explaining that as postmaster he had never voted nor attended a political meeting. He was never asked to leave his post and take up arms. Despite this, Head wanted a "zealously loyal man" in charge of the post office and he was unable to understand nor tolerate Howard's neutrality. Howard also refused to open mail of suspected rebels before the 1837 uprising, further infuriating his superiors.

Howard's case was brought before Lord Glenelg, the colonial secretary in February 1838. Glenelg consulted both Bond Head and his successor, George Arthur; Head stood firm in his position; though Arthur agreed, he did obtain a report from the Executive Council in May 1838, signed by Robert Baldwin Sullivan, Allan, and Augustus Baldwin. Although supporting Howard's political neutrality, it upheld Head's action to dismiss Howard. Lord Glenelg chose not to act and would let the matter rest. During the Rebellion, William Lyon Mackenzie entered Howard's house, harassed his wife, and commandeered provisions for the rebel troops.

After Howard's wrongful dismissal, postal operations were moved in 1839 to a location at Front and Yonge Streets in Toronto.

### Later years

After losing his job at the Post Office, he was employed as Treasurer of the Home District from 1842 to 1866, also serving as Secretary of the Upper Canada Bible Society and serving on the Board of Education from 1846 to his death in 1866.

Howard was granted a coat of arms on January 23, 1857, bearing the motto "PRO FIDE" by Letters Patent. At the time of issuance, Howard was a Justice of the Peace and the Treasurer of the United Counties of York and Peel.

Howard died on March 1, 1866, in Toronto, Canada West.

## Legacy

His firing has been called "the best documented drama of the 1837 Rebellion" by one source. Another source explains "Ultimately, the shadowy prejudices and self-interest of the ruling colonial elite, the Family Compact, conspired to deny justice to a man not part of the in-crowd. He fought and fought and fought for a year and a half, and eventually lost his house and his farm."

## InfoBox

| James Scott Howard | |
| --- | --- |
| Painting of Howard | |
|  | |
| Postmaster for Town of York; first postmaster in the new City of Toronto government | |
| **In office**
July 2, 1828 (1828-07-02)  December 13, 1837 | |
| Monarchs | George IV, William IV |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1798-09-02)September 2, 1798
Bandon, County Cork, Republic of Ireland |
| Died | March 1, 1866(1866-03-01) (aged 67)
Toronto, Canada West |
|  | |


title: James Scott Memorial Fountain

abstract: The James Scott Memorial Fountain is a monument located in Belle Isle Park, in Detroit, Michigan. Designed by architect Cass Gilbert and sculptor Herbert Adams, the fountain was completed in 1925 at a cost of $500,000. The lower bowl has a diameter of 510 ft (160 m) and the central spray reaches 125 ft (38 m). The fountain honors the controversial James Scott, who left $200,000 to the City of Detroit for a fountain in tribute to himself.

text:
# James Scott Memorial Fountain

The **James Scott Memorial Fountain** is a monument located in Belle Isle Park, in Detroit, Michigan. Designed by architect Cass Gilbert and sculptor Herbert Adams, the fountain was completed in 1925 at a cost of $500,000. The lower bowl has a diameter of 510 ft (160 m) and the central spray reaches 125 ft (38 m). The fountain honors the controversial James Scott, who left $200,000 to the City of Detroit for a fountain in tribute to himself.

## History

Scott was left a sizable fortune by his father who invested in Detroit real estate. According to contemporaries, Scott gambled and told off-color stories. He was described by twentieth-century author W. Hawkins Ferry as a "vindictive, scurrilous misanthrope" who attempted to intimidate his business competitors and when this was unsuccessful, he filed suit. Perhaps for these reasons, Scott died in 1910 with no heirs or colleagues and he bequeathed his estate to the City of Detroit with the condition that the fountain include a life-sized bronze statue of him. Some accounts state that the will required that the statue be at the fountain's pinnacle.

Several community and religious leaders—including Bishop Charles D. Williams—spoke against accepting the bequest, saying that a person with Scott's reputation should not be immortalized in the city. Mayor Philip Breitmeyer and City Council President David Heineman urged accepting the gift, saying that the city shouldn't insult any of its citizens by refusing such a generous offer.

While the debate raged, Scott's fortune continued to grow, topping $1 million by the time construction commenced.

Since 2018, the Detroit Grand Prix INDYCAR race has used the Fountain as its podium backdrop. Drivers are known to dip into the fountain after a race win.

## Design

The monument is located in Belle Isle Park, in Detroit, Michigan. Designed by architect Cass Gilbert and sculptor Herbert Adams, the marble fountain was completed in 1925 at a cost of $500,000. The lower bowl has a diameter of 510 ft (160 m) and the central spray reaches 125 ft (38 m). The final design placed Scott's statue in an inconspicuous spot behind the fountain.

## Movie appearances

A famous scene from the 1973 drama *Scarecrow*, starring Gene Hackman and Al Pacino was filmed here. In the scene shortly after learning of the death of his estranged son (though falsified by the mother), Pacino's character Francis Lionel 'Lion' Delbuchi, happily plays with a group of children before, upon uncovering a deep emotional truth, he snatches one of them up and begins to ascend the fountain. He is left catatonic in a hospital following the incident.

The fountain is also featured briefly in Anthony Mann's 1947 film noir *T-Men*, photographed by John Alton. Early in the film, two Treasury Agents preparing to go undercover discuss Detroit criminal gangs and gang activities while standing in front of the fountain.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| James Scott Memorial Fountain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Cass Gilbert & Herbert Adams |
| Year | 1925 |
| Type | Marble |
| Location | Belle Isle Park<br>Detroit, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 42°20′06″N 82°59′58″W / 42.33506°N 82.99931°W / 42.33506; -82.99931 |


title: Michel Corneille the Elder

abstract: Michel Corneille the Elder was a French painter, etcher, and engraver.

text:
# Michel Corneille the Elder

**Michel Corneille the Elder** (c. 1601 – 1664) was a French painter, etcher, and engraver.

## Life

Corneille was born in Orléans. He was one of many who studied with the celebrated master Simon Vouet, who strongly influenced French painting of the early 17th century.

In 1648, Corneille was one of the founders of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture and was elected as one of the original twelve elders in charge of its running. He became its rector in 1656.

Corneille devoted himself to historical paintings. He was an excellent colorist—in this more Venetian than French—and his early style resembled that of Simon Vouet; later his work had all the merits and all the faults of the post-Raphaelite, or decadent, "sweet", school of Italian art, showing the far-reaching influence of the Carracci. He was long employed in the decoration of churches in Paris, his masterpiece being the celebrated "St. Paul and St. Barnabas at Lystra", painted for the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. His etched and engraved work differed very little from that of the Carracci and of his two sons. It was chiefly reproductive. Notable examples are the "Murder of the Innocents", after Raphael, and the "Virgin Suckling the Infant Jesus", after Lodovico Carracci. He died in Paris in 1664.

## Bibliography

* Bender, Ewald \[in German\] (1912). "Corneille, Michel". In Thieme, Ulrich (ed.). *Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler* (in German). Vol. 7. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann. pp. 423–424. OCLC 1039490042  via the Internet Archive.
* Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006) \[first published in French in 1911–1923\]. *Benezit Dictionary of Artists*. Vol. 3. Paris: Gründ. p. 1403. ISBN 2-7000-3073-7  via the Internet Archive.
* Blumer, Marie-Louise (1961). "Corneille (Michel)". In Roman d'Amat, Jean-Charles; et al. (eds.). *Dictionnaire de biographie française* (in French). Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. cols. 676–678.
* Coquery, Emmanuel (1999). "Corneille, Michel (l'ancien; le pere)". In Kasten, Eberhard; et al. (eds.). *Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon* (in German). Vol. 21. München, Leipzig: Saur. p. 227. ISBN 3-598-22761-2  via the Internet Archive.
* Parmantier-Lallement, Nicole (1996). "Corneille". In Turner, Jane (ed.). *The Dictionary of Art*. Vol. 7. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 863–864. ISBN 1-884446-00-0  via the Internet Archive.
* MEYER, Geschichte der französischen Malerei (Leipzig, 1867)
* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Michel Corneille (the Elder)". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company. *That entry was written by Leigh Hunt.*

* *Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi*, a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, which contains material on Michel Corneille the Elder (see index)


title: The Gown Shop

abstract: The Gown Shop is a 1923 American silent comedy film directed by and starring Larry Semon that featured Oliver Hardy.

text:
# The Gown Shop

***The Gown Shop*** is a 1923 American silent comedy film directed by and starring Larry Semon that featured Oliver Hardy.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Gown Shop | |
| --- | --- |
| Lobby card | |
| Directed by | Larry Semon |
| Written by | Larry Semon |
| Produced by | Larry Semon |
| Starring | Oliver Hardy |
| Production<br>company | Larry Semon Productions |
| Distributed by | Vitagraph Company of America |
| Release date | * August 14, 1923 (1923-08-14) |
| Running time | 2 reels; 600m |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Mastixia arborea

abstract: Mastixia arborea is a species of plant in the Nyssaceae family. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

text:
# Mastixia arborea

***Mastixia arborea*** is a species of plant in the Nyssaceae family. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Mastixia arborea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leaves and buds | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Nyssaceae |
| Genus: | *Mastixia* |
| Species: | ***M. arborea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mastixia arborea***
C.B.Clarke | |
|


title: Melchhamunda

abstract:
Melchhamunda is a town in Bargarh district in the Indian state Odisha. It is situated 21 km from Padampur and 60 km from Bargarh on the Padampur state highway. Buddhist relics have been found at Ganiapali 10 km from the village, and it is identified with ancient Muchalinda, which is said to be a centre of Buddhist learning. The Bhoi Family are the head of the village. Melchhamunda was an Assembly Constituency Seat up to 2009. Diptipur is just 1 km from here. It is noted for the missionary activities of the Utkal Christian Council which started work here in 1956.
The activities of the Mission are divided into 3 wings - Health, Education and Agriculture. A dispensary was started in the year 1957, which then became a hospital in 1958.

text:
# Melchhamunda

**Melchhamunda** is a town in Bargarh district in the Indian state Odisha. It is situated 21 km from Padampur and 60 km from Bargarh on the Padampur state highway. Buddhist relics have been found at Ganiapali 10 km from the village, and it is identified with ancient Muchalinda, which is said to be a centre of Buddhist learning. The Bhoi Family are the head of the village.

Melchhamunda was an Assembly Constituency Seat up to 2009.

Diptipur (part of revenue village Jhununga pali) is just 1 km from here. It is noted for the missionary activities of the Utkal Christian Council which started work here in 1956. The activities of the Mission are divided into 3 wings - Health, Education and Agriculture. A dispensary was started in the year 1957, which then became a hospital in 1958.

## InfoBox

| Melchhamunda | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MelchhamundaLocation in Odisha, India | |
| Coordinates: 21°5′0″N 83°15′0″E / 21.08333°N 83.25000°E / 21.08333; 83.25000 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Odisha |
| District | Bargarh |
| Languages | |
| Official | Odia |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | OD- |


title: Synegiodes histrionaria

abstract: Synegiodes histrionaria is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1892. It is found in Taiwan and India.

text:
# Synegiodes histrionaria

***Synegiodes histrionaria*** is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1892. It is found in Taiwan and India.

## Subspecies

* *Synegiodes histrionaria histrionaria*
* *Synegiodes histrionaria ornata* (Bastelberger, 1909) (Taiwan)

## InfoBox

| *Synegiodes histrionaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female | |
|  | |
| Male | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Synegiodes* |
| Species: | ***S. histrionaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Synegiodes histrionaria***<br>C. Swinhoe, 1892 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Spilopera ornata* Bastelberger, 1909 * *Anisodes lentiginosaria* Wileman, 1911 | |


title: Giovanni Borgherini and His Tutor

abstract: Giovanni Borgherini and His Tutor is a c. 1505 oil on canvas painting attributed to Giorgione and now in Washington's National Gallery of Art. It may be the work Vasari saw in Giovanni Borgherini's home in Florence, which he recorded as produced by Giorgione in Venice during Borgherini's youth. A 1568 edition of Vasari's Lives of the Artists states "In Florence by his [Giorgione's] hand in the house of Giovan Borgherini's sons [is] the portrait of the same Giovanni, when he was young in Venice, and in the same painting his tutor guiding him; one can see in both heads finer tints of shadow than in any other work". It was probably commissioned by Giovanni's father Salvi Borgherini, who was in Venice with his son from 1504 onwards. The work may have been left to Giovanni's heirs and successors until the knight Pier-Francesco Borgherini moved it into his collection in Milan. In 1923 it was sold to Sir Herbert Frederick Cook to hang at Doughty House in Richmond, Surrey. It was sold again in 1932 and 1960 and on the latter occasion was acquired by the American Michael Straight to hang at his home in Alexandria, Virginia. In 1974 he donated it to its present home.

text:
# Giovanni Borgherini and His Tutor

***Giovanni Borgherini and His Tutor*** is a c. 1505 oil on canvas painting attributed to Giorgione and now in Washington's National Gallery of Art.

It may be the work Vasari saw in Giovanni Borgherini's home in Florence, which he recorded as produced by Giorgione in Venice during Borgherini's youth. A 1568 edition of Vasari's *Lives of the Artists* states "In Florence by his \[Giorgione's\] hand in the house of Giovan Borgherini's sons \[is\] the portrait of the same Giovanni, when he was young in Venice, and in the same painting his tutor guiding him; one can see in both heads finer tints of shadow than in any other work". It was probably commissioned by Giovanni's father Salvi Borgherini, who was in Venice with his son from 1504 onwards.

The work may have been left to Giovanni's heirs and successors until the knight Pier-Francesco Borgherini moved it into his collection in Milan. In 1923 it was sold to Sir Herbert Frederick Cook to hang at Doughty House in Richmond, Surrey. It was sold again in 1932 and 1960 and on the latter occasion was acquired by the American Michael Straight to hang at his home in Alexandria, Virginia. In 1974 he donated it to its present home.


title: Namsan station (Daegu Metro)

abstract: Namsan Station is a station of Daegu Subway Line 3 in Namsan-dong, and Namsanno, Jung District, Daegu, South Korea. It is named after Namsan-dong. Its station subname is Gyemyeongnegeori.

text:
# Namsan station (Daegu Metro)

**Namsan Station** (Korean: 남산역; Hanja: 南山驛) is a station of Daegu Subway Line 3 in Namsan-dong, and Namsanno, Jung District, Daegu, South Korea. It is named after Namsan-dong. Its station subname is *Gyemyeongnegeori*.

## InfoBox

| Namsan
(Gyemyeongnegeori) | |
| --- | --- |
| Station platform | |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 남산역 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Namsan-nyeok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Namsan-nyŏk* |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Namsan-dong, Jung District, Daegu
South Korea |
| Coordinates | 35°51′24″N 128°35′01″E / 35.85667°N 128.58361°E / 35.85667; 128.58361 |
| Operated by | DTRO |
| Line(s) | Daegu Metro Line 3 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Elevated |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 330 |
| History | |
| Opened | 23 April 2015 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Daegu Metro Following station  Cheongna Hilltowards Chilgok Kyungpook National University Medical Center  Line 3  Myeongdeoktowards Yongji | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Washington Park, Denver

abstract: Washington Park is a neighborhood and public urban park in Denver, Colorado. The Washington Park is a blend of historic and contemporary styles of architecture. The park was first developed by Architect Reinhard Schuetze in 1899. Its design was influenced by city planner Kessler, the Olmsted Brothers and philanthropist Margaret Brown. The park is popular with both tourists and area residents, with some comparing it to New York City's Central Park. Apart from activities such as walking, biking or volleyball, the park serves as a center for community gatherings, such as the annual Furry Scurry. Wedding receptions are often held in the historic boathouse pavilion. In 2012 the American Planning Association designated the park one of its "Great Public Spaces in America".

text:
# Washington Park, Denver

**Washington Park** is a neighborhood and public urban park in Denver, Colorado. The Washington Park is a blend of historic and contemporary styles of architecture. The park was first developed by Architect Reinhard Schuetze in 1899. Its design was influenced by city planner Kessler, the Olmsted Brothers and philanthropist Margaret Brown. The park is popular with both tourists and area residents, with some comparing it to New York City's Central Park. Apart from activities such as walking, biking or volleyball, the park serves as a center for community gatherings, such as the annual Furry Scurry. Wedding receptions are often held in the historic boathouse pavilion. In 2012 the American Planning Association designated the park one of its "Great Public Spaces in America".

## Geography

Washington Park is located in south-central Denver. The park is long and rectangular and is bordered by Virginia Avenue on the north, Downing Street on the west, Louisiana Avenue on the south, and Franklin Street on the east. It is one mile long by a quarter-mile wide, covering 165 acres (0.67 km2), making it one of the largest parks in Denver.

The neighborhood generally referred to as "Wash Park" is often broken down into eastern and western sides: not only do both have their own neighborhood organizations and quite-different historical trajectories, but since 1972 official city statistics have tracked Washington Park West as separate from the easterly Washington Park. The eastern Washington Park neighborhood has borders defined by the city of Denver as Downing Street, Cherry Creek, I-25, and University Boulevard. The public park is bounded along its long western edge by Washington Park West, and along all its other edges by eastern Washington Park. The park has two lakes, ten tennis courts, a large meadow used for lawn sports such as volleyball and soccer, a lawn bowling green, two of the city's largest flower gardens, and its busiest recreation center.

## History

Washington Park was initially designed by the German landscape architect Reinhard Schuetze between 1899 and 1908. His design remains fairly intact and included Smith and Grasmere lakes and the Lily Pond, all fed with a city ditch that Schuetze had edged with Russian olives and other trees. Other pieces of his design remain intact and include the large meadow edged with a grove of trees to the south of Smith Lake and the carriage ways that meander through the park. Later landscape architects, such as Saco Rienk DeBoer and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. added their own contributions to the park including a boating pavilion and an evergreen grove on the north side of the park.

Washington Park as a neighborhood started development soon after the founding of Denver though it was still fairly rural in nature. By 1886, there was enough population to create Denver's first suburb, South Denver, which by the silver bust of the 1890s was annexed into Denver due to financial difficulties. Development hastened with the creation of the park in 1899. Most of the houses were built of brick between 1900 and 1940.

The park was designed in French country style with new paths and plantings introduced by city planner George Kessler in 1908. DeBoer architects were responsible for completing the big Perennial Garden at Downing in 1918 and Mt. Vernon Gardens in 1926. The Olmsted Brothers designed rolling Evergreen Hill, enhanced the pedestrian paths, and built the Lily Pond in 1912. The boating pavilion, which was built in 1913, was designed by Jacques Benedict in 1913 following the Italian style of architecture. The bathing beach was installed on Smith Lake in 1911 and the pedestrian and car bridges over City Ditch were installed by architect F.W. Ameter in 1912. The Field House, the residence of poet and journalist Eugene Field, was moved to the park's northeast edge by Titanic survivor and philanthropist Molly Brown in 1930. The modern Recreation center was designed in 1971 by the architectural firm Anderson Barker Rinker.

Eugene Field, a reporter for the Denver Tribune between 1881 and 1883, lived in a small cottage at 315 West Colfax Avenue. Field is best remembered, though, for his children's poems. Years after Field left Denver and the house had been condemned, Molly Brown bought the house and donated it to the city. It was designated a landmark, moved to the east side of Washington Park, at Franklin St. and Exposition Ave., and restored. It served as the Eugene Field Branch of the Denver Public Library for many years. Field is further memorialized by the statue by Mabel Landrum Torrey, illustrating one of his most famous poems, "Wynken, Blynken and Nod". In the 1970s the house became the headquarters of the Park People and the library moved to a new larger building at S University Blvd. and E Ohio Ave.

Since the late 1990s, Washington Park has become a very popular urban neighborhood because of its central location, its proximity to the park, and its access to several commercial business enclaves. This has led to a transformation of the neighborhood, which worries some residents because of an increased density, more traffic, and the propensity of some developers to "pop the top" or altogether "scrape" historic homes.

## Characteristics

The park includes several trails, including one that goes around the perimeter of the park, tennis courts, a lawn bowling/croquet field, and two playgrounds. A recreation center with an indoor pool, free weights, and other athletic facilities is also located in the park. Smith Lake has a boathouse that can be rented out for various events.

The park connects to the city via a number of bike trails at Exposition Avenue, Marion St. and Louisiana Avenue. The system of asphalt and gravel paths facilitates diverse uses: bicyclists, pedestrians, roller bladers, skateboarders, strollers, pet walkers, rented surreys, etc. The grove trees planted at intervals allow views of the Front Range mountains west of the park. The park is also known for its flower garden, the largest in Denver. Built in 1917, it was a Victorian-style Perennial Garden that included an elliptical lawn and symmetrical flowerbeds with 15,000 flower varieties.

The flower garden also includes 54 flower beds in an informal arrangement. One garden is an exact replica of Martha Washington's garden at Mt. Vernon.

Some of the artefacts in the park include the sculptor Mabel Torrey's "Wynken, Blynken and Nod", which honors poet Eugene Field (1919); and George Carlson's bronze "Early Day Miner," that depicts local history (1980).

The Washington Park neighborhood is one of the oldest in Denver and includes many early twentieth century brick houses and even some late nineteenth century brick houses in West Washington Park. There are several commercial enclaves in the neighborhood such as South Gaylord Street and Alameda Avenue, as well as several smaller corner store areas located at stops of the former streetcars that ran down the residential streets. The South Pearl Street area, in the neighboring Platt Park neighborhood, is frequently misidentified as being part of the Washington Park neighborhood.

The neighborhood borders I-25, which was expanded in 2006 and includes the RTD light rail. The Louisiana/Pearl station and University of Denver stations connect the southern part of the Washington Park neighborhood with the light rail network, and the Broadway station serves West Washington Park. The south end of the park itself borders South High School.

## Preservation practices

A landscape and structure preservation plan was prepared for the park in 2003. This master plan for the park was updated and completed in March 2011. A $1.5 million budget was prepared for the renovation of the park's south entrance, picnic site at Mt. Vernon gardens, and the City Ditch.

The goals for the treatment of the park included the preservation of historic site patterns, site features, structures, site remnants, and vegetation. Other works included the restoration of the definitive edges of the park spaces and the re-establishment of tree groves, paths, and topography defining the open spaces. Preservation of the perimeter road as a significant landscape characteristic, modified to reflect bicycle and pedestrian use of the road, was also one of the recommendations. Landscape features such as meadow areas in the park were to be restored with native grasses and wildflowers to reduce water consumption. The lakeshore restoration was intended to focus on historic lake design and rehabilitation of City Ditch to convey historic flows. Other goals included the reuse of irrigation water through the city ditch system and water-saving measures for swimming pools, showers, and faucets. Most of the conservation practices address the conflicts between pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists, park plant diversity, and water quality issues.

1. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. March 15, 2006.
2. "2012 Great Public Spaces". American Planning Association. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
3. "Washington Park Reviews | U.S. News Travel". *usnews.com*. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
4. "Dumb Friends League to host 30th annual Furry Scurry on May 6". KMGH-TV. February 14, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
5. "Washington Park Boathouse". Government of Denver. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
6. "South Denver Park District - Washington Park - Washington Park". Archived from the original on April 19, 2001.
7. "Denver Neighborhoods". Archived from the original on April 7, 2004.
8. Steers, Stuart (July 2, 1998). "Pop-top Flop". *westword.com*. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
9. "Washington Park Loop Road Safety Planning" (PDF). *denvergov.org*. Denver Parks & Recreation. July 30, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
10. "Washington Park: Cultural Assessment and Preservation Plan" (PDF). *denvergov.org*.

39°42′0″N 104°58′14″W / 39.70000°N 104.97056°W / 39.70000; -104.97056

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Washington Park | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
| Colorado State Register of Historic Properties | |
|  | |
| Smith Lake and the 1913 Boat House in Washington Park in Denver. | |
|  | |
| Location | Denver, Colorado |
| Built | 1899 |
| Architect | Reinhard Schuetze, among others |
| Architectural style | Prairie School, Bungalow/Craftsman, Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 86002238 |
| CSRHP No. | 5DV.5333 |
| Added to NRHP | September 17, 1986 |


abstract: Washington Park is a neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island. The neighborhood occupies the southeastern portion of the city along the Providence River.

text:
# Washington Park, Providence, Rhode Island

**Washington Park** is a neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island. The neighborhood occupies the southeastern portion of the city along the Providence River.

## Geography

Washington Park is bounded to the north by Route 95 and continues south to the Cranston city line. On the west, it starts at the edge of Roger Williams Park and spreads east to the waterfront.

Washington Park contains Fields Point, home to Save the Bay. It also includes the Port of Providence and the Harborside Campus of Johnson & Wales University. Much of the area is residential along the side streets off Broad Street and Narragansett Boulevard.

## History

In the 1600s, most of the area was owned by Roger Williams and later by his descendants. In the 1870s, Betsy Williams offered the farm to the city as a park.

Washington Park gets its name from a horse racing track built by Edward Babcock and his son William in the mid-1800s (and stood until at least 1884), on farmland between the water and Broad Street. Houses started being built in the area in the late 1800s through the 1940s. After World War I and World War II, industrial development grew along the waterfront, which increased demand for housing.

On May 14, 2021, eight people were shot and wounded and a ninth victim was wounded from glass shards in vicinity of the park. The shooting was believed by authorities to have stemmed from conflict between two rival groups. It was the largest number of victims of any shooting in Providence's history.

41°47′38″N 71°23′33″W / 41.793886°N 71.392389°W / 41.793886; -71.392389

## InfoBox

| Washington Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Providence | |
| Johnson & Wales' Harborside campus | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Rhode Island |
| City | Providence |


title: Washington Park, Roanoke, Virginia

abstract: Washington Park is a neighborhood located in central Roanoke, Virginia, that initially developed in the 1920s as an early Roanoke suburb. It borders the neighborhoods of Roundhill on the north and Williamson Road on the north and east, Gainsboro and Harrison on the south, and Melrose-Rugby on the west. Its northern and eastern boundary is concurrent with Interstate 581, and its southern boundary is concurrent with U.S. Route 460. As of the 2000 census, Harrison had a population of 1,254 residents, with 531 households.

text:
# Washington Park, Roanoke, Virginia

37°17′28″N 79°57′27″W / 37.29111°N 79.95750°W / 37.29111; -79.95750 **Washington Park** is a neighborhood located in central Roanoke, Virginia, that initially developed in the 1920s as an early Roanoke suburb. It borders the neighborhoods of Roundhill on the north and Williamson Road on the north and east, Gainsboro and Harrison on the south, and Melrose-Rugby on the west. Its northern and eastern boundary is concurrent with Interstate 581, and its southern boundary is concurrent with U.S. Route 460 (Orange Avenue). As of the 2000 census, Harrison had a population of 1,254 residents, with 531 households.

## History

Taking its name from the park that lies at the corner of Orange Avenue and Burrell Street, Washington Park developed between 1920 and 1960. The area where the park is now located was a landfill in the 1950s, but was subsequently capped, with the park being established by the early 1960s. The area is also the location of the Lincoln Terrace public housing project, dating from 1952, which has since been refurbished and renamed the Villages at Lincoln.

The Roanoke city landfill was placed in the middle of this black neighborhood. The trash dump became a scene of confrontation between the white city government and the black residents. "At one point in 1963, the Rev. R. R. Wilkinson, then president of the city's NAACP, talked of organizing a 'baby carriage brigade' of young mothers with carriages to block the entrance to the dump and prevent trash trucks from entering." To avoid confrontation, the city closed the landfill.


title: Wara coal mine

abstract: The Wara Coal Mine is a coal mine located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 2.06 billion tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 5 million tonnes of coal.

text:
# Wara coal mine

The **Wara Coal Mine** is a coal mine located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 2.06 billion tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 5 million tonnes of coal.

## InfoBox

Wara Coal Mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| South Kalimantan | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Production | |
| Products | Coking coal |


title: Warner Norton Grubb III

abstract: Warner Norton Grubb III was an American author, educational economist, and professor. His academic focus was inequality in society, particularly institutional sources of inequality.

text:
# Warner Norton Grubb III

**Warner Norton Grubb III** (1948 - 2015) was an American author, educational economist, and professor. His academic focus was inequality in society, particularly institutional sources of inequality.

## Life

Grubb was born in Santiago, Chile while his father was on foreign assignment with the Eastern Standard Oil Company (ESSO). He was the grandson of U.S. Navy Commodore Warner Norton Grubb and a descendant of John Grubb, who came from Cornwall in 1677 and settled in Delaware. Grubb's father moved the family to Rhode Island several years before he died, when Grubb was eleven.

In 1969, after graduating from Harvard University with a major in economics, Grubb married Erica Black, known as Rikki. The couple became elementary school teachers in Baltimore, Maryland for a year before returning to Harvard, where Norton completed his course work for his doctorate and Rikki graduated from the law school. They relocated to San Francisco when Norton accepted a position as a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley and Rikki joined the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as an attorney.

In 1978, Grubb accepted a position as an assistant professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas. In 1985 he returned to Berkeley as an associate professor; in 1987 he was appointed as a full professor. He remained at Berkeley for 26 years as the David Pierpont Gardner Professor until his retirement in 2013.

## Academic work

Throughout his career, Grubb investigated inequality, especially the institutional sources of inequality, and was an advocate for solutions toward an equitable and democratic education system. He explored the role of education in labor markets and proposed ways to improve the effectiveness of high schools and community colleges.

His earliest work focused on school finance and later on other resources. Grubb contended that while sufficient budgets were necessary, money by itself is not enough. He called this the money myth. Other resources including instructional approaches and school climate were equally important in determining educational outcomes. Putting his theories into practice, in 2000 Norton started the Principal Leadership Institute at Berkeley to train principals to lead urban schools.

Grubb's work focused on the institutional practices that caused inequities in schools and colleges that apply to all individuals, not just minorities. Grubb also examined the relationship between education and employment. He pointed out that when schools excessively follow patterns in the labor market, they tend to reinforce the inequities of society against minorities and women. He advocated the multiple pathways approach to balance vocational and academic education. Grubb also focused on community colleges because they are often the entry point for minority students.

## Bibliography

Grubb's published works include:

* *Broken Promises, How Americans fail their children* (1975)
* *Education through Occupations in American High Schools* (1995)
* *Learning to Work: The case for re-integrating job training and education* (1996)
* *Working in the Middle: Strengthening education and training for a mid-skilled labor force* (1996)
* *Honored but Invisible: An inside look at teaching in community colleges* (1999)
* *The Education Gospel: The economic power of schooling* (2007)
* *The Money Myth: School resources, outcomes and equity* (2009)
* *Leadership Challenges in High Schools: Multiple pathways to success* (2010)
* *Basic Skills in Education in Community Colleges: Inside and outside of classrooms* (2012)

## InfoBox

| Warner Norton Grubb III | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 9, 1948
Santiago, Chile |
| Died | January 15, 2015
Taipei, Taiwan |
| Occupation | Educator |
| Nationality | American |
| Subject | Education Economics |


title: Walther Langer

abstract: Walther Langer was a Czech figure skater. He competed in the men's singles event at the 1932 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Walther Langer

**Walther Langer** (1899  27 October 1955) was a Czech figure skater. He competed in the men's singles event at the 1932 Winter Olympics.

## InfoBox

Walther Langer
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Born | 1899
Přívoz, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 27 October 1955 (aged 5556)
New York City, New York, US |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Figure skating |


title: Walther Krause

abstract: Walther Krause was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

text:
# Walther Krause

**Walther Krause** (31 December 1890 – 25 October 1960) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

## Awards and decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) \[First published 1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.

## InfoBox

| Walther Krause | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 31 December 1890 |
| Died | 25 October 1960(1960-10-25) (aged 69) |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Army (Wehrmacht) |
| Rank | Generalleutnant |
| Commands | 14. Infanterie-Division (mot.)<br>170. Infanterie-Division |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |


title: Warlibirri National Park

abstract: Warlibirri National Park is a national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, stretching along the Margaret River east of Fitzroy Crossing. It was declared on 22 September 2021, is located in the Shires of Derby-West Kimberley and Halls Creek, and is part of the Central Kimberley and Dampierland bioregions. The national park is located on the traditional land of the Gooniyandi people and is jointly managed by the Gooniyandi Aboriginal Corporation and the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. The national park is named after the word Gooniyandi for river, Warlibirri. The creation of national park was seen as a step towards protecting the river valley from mining and damming the river and additional national parks connecting Warlibirri with Geikie Gorge and Danggu Gorge National Park were planned.

text:
# Warlibirri National Park

**Warlibirri National Park** is a national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, stretching along the Margaret River east of Fitzroy Crossing. It was declared on 22 September 2021, is located in the Shires of Derby-West Kimberley and Halls Creek, and is part of the Central Kimberley and Dampierland bioregions.

The national park is located on the traditional land of the Gooniyandi people and is jointly managed by the Gooniyandi Aboriginal Corporation and the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

The national park is named after the word Gooniyandi for river, Warlibirri. The creation of national park was seen as a step towards protecting the river valley from mining and damming the river and additional national parks connecting Warlibirri with Geikie Gorge and Danggu Gorge National Park were planned.

## InfoBox

| Warlibirri National Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | National park |
| Location | Kimberley region |
| Coordinates | 18°15′26″S 126°21′35″E / 18.25722°S 126.35972°E / -18.25722; 126.35972 (Warlibirri National Park) |
| Area | 15,895 hectares (39,280 acres) |
| Established | 2021 |
| Administered by | Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsGooniyandi Aboriginal Corporation |


title: Warlick–Huffman Farm

abstract: Warlick–Huffman Farm, also known as the Solomon Warlick House, is a historic farm and national historic district located near Propst Crossroads, Catawba County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 7 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site and 7 contributing structures. The house was built about 1820, and is a two-story, vernacular Federal style frame farmhouse. Also on the property are the contributing Kitchen, outhouse, woodshed, six chicken coops, corn crib, and stackhouse / granary. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

text:
# Warlick–Huffman Farm

**Warlick–Huffman Farm**, also known as the Solomon Warlick House, is a historic farm and national historic district located near Propst Crossroads, Catawba County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 7 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site and 7 contributing structures. The house was built about 1820, and is a two-story, vernacular Federal style frame farmhouse. Also on the property are the contributing Kitchen (c. 1820), outhouse, woodshed, six chicken coops, corn crib, and stackhouse / granary.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Warlick-Huffman Farm | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | SR 1116 northwest of the junction with NC 10, near Propst Crossroads, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°37′04″N 81°24′48″W / 35.61778°N 81.41333°W / 35.61778; -81.41333 |
| Area | 73 acres (30 ha) |
| Built | c. 1820 (1820) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| MPS | Catawba County MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 90000862 |
| Added to NRHP | June 21, 1990 |


title: Warren, Kentucky

abstract: Warren is an unincorporated community and coal town in Knox County, Kentucky, United States. It was also known as Cumberland Station.

text:
# Warren, Kentucky

**Warren** is an unincorporated community and coal town in Knox County, Kentucky, United States. It was also known as **Cumberland Station**.

## InfoBox

| Warren, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| WarrenWarren | |
| Coordinates: 36°45′12″N 83°50′39″W / 36.75333°N 83.84417°W / 36.75333; -83.84417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Knox |
| Elevation | 1,063 ft (324 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CST) |
| GNIS feature ID | 506234 |


title: Warwick Civic Center Historic District

abstract: The Warwick Civic Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing three buildings at the civic heart of Warwick, Rhode Island.

text:
# Warwick Civic Center Historic District

The **Warwick Civic Center Historic District** is a historic district encompassing three buildings at the civic heart of Warwick, Rhode Island.

## History

The three buildings are Warwick City Hall, the Henry Warner Budlong Memorial Library, the Kentish Artillery Armory. Prior to its demolition the Old Fire Station was also included. The first three buildings line the north side of Post Road just east of the junction of US Route 1 and Rhode Island Route 117, where the village of Apponaug was established in the 17th century. All were built between 1890 and 1925; the fire station, which then housed social services agencies, was, before its demolition, the oldest.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Contributing properties

### Kentish Artillery Armory, 3259 Post Road

This building was built in 1912 on the site of a former armory, built in 1854, that had been destroyed by fire. The old building was in the Greek Revival style, like Apponaug's other early civic buildings. Designed by prolific Rhode Island architects William R. Walker & Son, the new building was designed in what was at the time called "a castellated style". The building was occupied for armory purposes until 1977, when the last member of the Kentish Guard died. At that time the building was deeded to the city, which rented the building to the Warwick Museum, now the Warwick Museum of Art, which has remained there ever since.

Formerly mounted on the building's facade were two cannons which dated back to the American Revolution. They went missing in 1972, and they have never been found. Taking their place are two wooden replicas.

### Former Fire Station, 3265 Post Road

Built circa 1890, Apponaug's former fire station was a much altered Queen Anne style wooden building. After outliving its use as a fire station, the building was used as the offices of social service agencies and the municipal employees' credit union. Since the district's listing on the NRHP, this building has been demolished.

### Henry Warner Budlong Memorial Library, 3267 Post Road

This building, now the Apponaug branch of the Warwick Public Library, was built in 1924-25 to serve as the home of the Apponaug Free Library Association. The money for the construction was given by Henry W. Budlong, a prominent local philanthropist. It was designed by the Providence firm of Hoppin, Field & Peirce in a very plain version of the Classical Revival style. The building's front entrance was originally ornamented by two Tuscan columns, but these were removed sometime in the 1970s. The original doors have also been replaced, but the ormantal hood still remains.

Architect Howard Hoppin was also the architect of the nearby St. Barnabas Episcopal Church, several years before.

### Warwick City Hall, 3275 Post Road

This, the largest building in the district, was also designed by William R. Walker & Son. It replaced an assortment of town buildings, which were built in 1834-35 in the Greek Revival style. The building, designed in the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles, is an important local landmark. When the towns of Warwick and West Warwick were split, it was one of two major buildings of contention in the proceedings. Warwick kept the Town Hall, while West Warwick, the denser of the towns, kept the former High School. In 1929 the town built an addition on the rear of the building, to contain the city archives. This was designed by Jackson, Robertson & Adams.

On the grounds is the city's World War I memorial, dedicated in 1919 and designed by Warwick sculptor John G. Hardy, who was also commissioned for memorials in North Providence as well as in Templeton, Massachusetts.

After falling into a period of decline, City Hall was restored beginning in the 1980s. The first phase focused on the exterior, while interior restoration continued into the 1990s. Further restoration work, completed in 2013, brought the tower's bell and clock back into working order.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Warwick Civic Center Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Warwick, Rhode Island |
| Coordinates | 41°41′57″N 71°27′31″W / 41.69917°N 71.45861°W / 41.69917; -71.45861 |
| Built | 1890 |
| Architect | William R. Walker & Son; Hoppin, Field & Peirce; Jackson, Robertson & Adams |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 80000079 |
| Added to NRHP | June 27, 1980 |


title: Wasted Nights

abstract: "Wasted Nights" is a song by Japanese rock band One Ok Rock, released as the third and last single from their ninth studio album Eye of the Storm (2019). Written by vocalist Takahiro Moriuchi with producer Pete Nappi and songwriters Janee Bennett and Jamil Kazmi, the song was released for digital download and streaming on February 1, 2019, by A-Sketch in Japan and internationally by Fueled by Ramen, serving as the theme song for the live-action film Kingdom released on April 19, 2019. Its lyrics encourage the listeners to live in the moment. After its release, "Wasted Nights" became the most played song on Japanese radio in the first half of 2019 and peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 and at number 2 on the Oricon Digital Singles Chart. The song was supported by a music video directed by Kyle Cogan. The production portrays One Ok Rock performing with an ever-increasing storm forming beneath them, while alternating with scenes of young people hanging out at night and creating memories together living for now.

text:
# Wasted Nights

"**Wasted Nights**" is a song by Japanese rock band One Ok Rock, released as the third and last single from their ninth studio album *Eye of the Storm* (2019). Written by vocalist Takahiro Moriuchi with producer Pete Nappi and songwriters Janee Bennett and Jamil Kazmi, the song was released for digital download and streaming on February 1, 2019, by A-Sketch in Japan and internationally by Fueled by Ramen, serving as the theme song for the live-action film *Kingdom* released on April 19, 2019. Its lyrics encourage the listeners to live in the moment.

After its release, "Wasted Nights" became the most played song on Japanese radio in the first half of 2019 and peaked at number 6 on the *Billboard* Japan Hot 100 and at number 2 on the *Oricon* Digital Singles Chart. The song was supported by a music video directed by Kyle Cogan. The production portrays One Ok Rock performing with an ever-increasing storm forming beneath them, while alternating with scenes of young people hanging out at night and creating memories together living for now.

## Background and release

In 2015, film producer Shinzo Matsuhashi requested One Ok Rock for a theme song for a film he was developing the script of. He said in an article published by Oricon, that although it was still in the planning stages, the theme song "Wasted Nights" was an "important and indispensable pieces" for the film. Moriuchi watched the film before it was completed in order to create an image for the song's elaboration and commented that after "Wasted Nights" was finished, everyone concluded it was a good track. Matsuhashi praised the elaboration of song saying:

> "I was really impressed when I first heard 'Wasted Nights', and I'm really grateful for their song that made the movie one or two times bigger. I guarantee that my soul is trembling hot".

The choice of "Wasted Nights" as the theme song for the movie *Kingdom* was announced during an official trailer released on January 31, 2019. The song was released as a digital single and became available for download and streaming, serving as the third single from One Ok Rock's upcoming ninth studio album titled *Eye of the Storm*, later released on February 13, 2019, in Japan and on February 15, 2019, internationally.

## Composition and reception

"Wasted Nights" was written by vocalist Moriuchi, the producer Pete Nappi, besides Janee Bennett and Jamil Kazmi. It was mastered by Ted Jensen and mixed by Serban Ghenea. The track is a pop-rock song with rock ballad elements, that lasts three minutes and forty-four seconds. It is set in the key of F major and performed in common time with a tempo of 125 beats per minute.

Moriuchi revealed that he composed "Wasted Nights" using themes like "magnificence" and "big anthem". Considered an optimistic content track, lyrically, "Wasted Nights" is about the importance of living in the present to the fullest in order not to regret past actions with thoughts like “what if?”. Neil Z. Yeung, in his AllMusic review of *Eye of the Storm*, called the song an anthem that "brims with optimism so thick that it's pointless to fight it". Writing for the publication *Rockin'On*, Tomoki Takahashi called "Wasted Nights" of a "brilliant and polished soundscape".

## Commercial performance

After the release of "Wasted Nights", the track became the most played song on Japanese radio in the first half of 2019. Commercially, "Wasted Nights" debuted at number 14 on the *Billboard* Japan Hot 100 dated February 6, 2019. The following week, the song climbed to number 6. With the release of the *Kingdom* film in April, the song which had fallen a few positions on the chart rose again, reaching number 9 on May 8, 2019. "Wasted Nights" remained in total for 41 non-consecutive weeks on the *Billboard* Japan Hot 100 in the year 2019. In addition, the song entered on two more charts published by *Billboard* Japan. "Wasted Nights" debuted at peak number 2 on the Download Songs chart dated February 6, 2019 and entered the Streaming Songs chart at number 22. The following week, the song climbed to number 4. On June 30, 2021, *Billboard* Japan reported that "Wasted Nights" had exceeded 100 million streams on the *Billboard* Japan Streaming Chart, making it the second One Ok Rock song to do so after "Wherever You Are" (2010).

By the *Oricon* charts, "Wasted Nights" entered the Digital Singles Chart, where it peaked at number 2 in the week of February 11, 2019, with sales of 17,766 digital copies in its first week of release.

## Music video

The music video for "Wasted Nights", directed by Kyle Cogan, with Justyn Moro credited as the director of photography and Brendan Garrett as the producer, was released on February 1, 2019, the same day as the single's release. The English language music video was released on the Fueled by Ramen YouTube channel, while the Japanese version of the video was released simultaneously on the One Ok Rock's YouTube channel.

The shootings of the music video for "Wasted Nights" took place on two non-consecutives days in November and December 2018. The video features the members of One Ok Rock, performing in front of a set, which projects a storm formation upon themselves. The band members are introduced individually while playing with water under their feet. As the video progresses, the band is featured playing along in heavy rain. These scenes are interspersed with scenes of a group of young people of different ethnicities, hanging out at night, having fun together, when one of them buys a VHS camera and starts filming them at different times in their lives.

## Live performances

"Wasted Nights" was included in the set list of the Eye of the Storm World Tour, which featured live performances by One Ok Rock in North America, Europe and Oceania. Additionally, the song was included in Eye of the Storm Japan Tour, later a live performance of the band, taken from this tour, was published on One Ok Rock's YouTube channel in order to promote the release of their concert film on DVD and Blu-ray *Eye of the Storm Japan Tour*, released on October 28, 2020. "Wasted Nights" was also part of the set list of Field of Wonder at Stadium Live Streaming, their first virtual concert on October 11, 2020 and the Day to Night Acoustic Session, an acoustic performance performed live on four dates in July 2021 at the Kawaguchiko Stellar Theater in Yamanashi, Japan.

## Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel adapted from Tidal.

**One Ok Rock**

**Additional personnel**

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "Wasted Nights" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by One Ok Rock | |
| from the album  *Eye of the Storm* | |
| Released | February 1, 2019 (2019-02-01) |
| Recorded | 2018 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:44 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Pete Nappi |
| One Ok Rock singles chronology | |
| "Stand Out Fit In"
(2018) "**Wasted Nights**"
(2019) "Renegades"
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Wasted Nights" on YouTube
"Wasted Nights" (Japanese music video) on YouTube | |
|  | |


abstract: The Washington State Legislative Youth Advisory Council (LYAC) is the official nonpartisan youth advisory body to the Washington State Legislature on issues related to young people in Washington. Created in July 2005, it consists of approximately 22 members, each serving a two-year term. According to state law, the mission of LYAC is to "examine issues of importance to youth, including but not limited to education, employment, strategies to increase youth participation in state and municipal government, safe environments for youth, substance abuse, emotional and physical health, foster care, poverty, homelessness, and youth access to services on a statewide and municipal basis." LYAC is administered by the Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Washington. From 2020 to 2021, the Council was administered in collaboration with the nonprofit Washington State Leadership Board. In addition to its work with the legislature, LYAC has collaborated with other state government agencies, including the Office of the Attorney General of Washington, the Washington State Department of Health, the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI), and the Washington Department of Children, Youth, and Families.

text:
# Washington State Legislative Youth Advisory Council

The **Washington State Legislative Youth Advisory Council** (LYAC) is the official nonpartisan youth advisory body to the Washington State Legislature on issues related to young people in Washington. Created in July 2005, it consists of approximately 22 members, each serving a two-year term. According to state law, the mission of LYAC is to "examine issues of importance to youth, including but not limited to education, employment, strategies to increase youth participation in state and municipal government, safe environments for youth, substance abuse, emotional and physical health, foster care, poverty, homelessness, and youth access to services on a statewide and municipal basis."

LYAC is administered by the Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Washington. From 2020 to 2021, the Council was administered in collaboration with the nonprofit Washington State Leadership Board. In addition to its work with the legislature, LYAC has collaborated with other state government agencies, including the Office of the Attorney General of Washington, the Washington State Department of Health, the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI), and the Washington Department of Children, Youth, and Families.

## History

### Funding and Administration

LYAC was initially proposed by 12-year-old Alex Jonlin, who envisioned a “bureau of children’s opinions” to finally incorporate youth into discussions of major youth policy. Jonlin worked with his state senator, Ken Jacobsen, to create an organization founded on authentic youth engagement and involvement. With the passage of Senate Bill (SB) 5254 in 2005, LYAC was established as a pilot program with a sunset clause which took effect in 2007. Then-Governor Christine Gregoire, in collaboration with the legislature, appointed the first 22 members. The OSPI was designated to provide staff support and administration, but no funding was offered by the legislature to support this. However, unpaid cooperation between Washington State Senate staff, OSPI staff, and LYAC enabled the students to launch the initiative successfully.

In 2007, with the passage of House Bill (HB) 1052, LYAC's sunset clause was moved back to 2009. This legislation also adjusted the member appointment process, so that the council itself selected new youth members based on its own established criteria. New acceptances were notified by the Lieutenant Governor. HB 1052 also codified the ability of LYAC to accept grants and donations. The 2007-2009 legislative budget also included dedicated funding to LYAC for the first time, in addition to a Civic Education Travel Grant from the OSPI that allowed students to travel from around the state to take part in LYAC-hosted events.

In 2009, the sunset clause was removed entirely. However, due to the ongoing Recession, LYAC lost its funding from the legislature and was entirely dependent on the support of volunteers and private donations. It was not until 2019 that the council once again began receiving appropriations from the state. In 2020, a new law was passed allowing collaboration in the facilitation of LYAC between the Office of the Lieutenant Governor and the Washington State Leadership Board, a nonprofit authorized by state law.

### Successful Legislation

One of the codified responsibilities of LYAC is to advise the legislature on "proposed and pending legislation." As a result, each year the council lobbies legislators and testifies in committee hearings on behalf of legislation it feels positively impacts youth. LYAC also writes and passes its own legislation, such as HB 1373. Below is a non-comprehensive list of LYAC-endorsed legislation that has passed into law.

Successful Legislation Endorsed by LYAC
| **Bill** | **Purpose** | **Year Passed** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| SB 5093 | Expands healthcare opportunities for low-income youth | 2007 |
| HB 1131 | Provides children in foster care access to college financial aid | 2007 |
| HB 1201 | Expands Medicaid access to 21-year-olds | 2007 |
| SB 5297 | Ensures scientifically accurate sexual education in schools | 2007 |
| SB 5098 | Guarantees college tuition for certain low-income youth | 2007 |
| SB 5991 | Requires employees of higher education institutions to report observations of child abuse | 2012 |
| SB 5895 | Standardizes evaluation systems for teachers and principals | 2012 |
| HB 1291 | Establishes a council to combat sex trafficking | 2013 |
| HB 1404 | Establishes a penalty for retail liquor licenses when alcohol is sold to those under 21 | 2013 |
| HB 1412 | Requires school districts to provide incentives for students who participate in community service | 2013 |
| HB 1651 | Protects privacy for juvenile court records | 2014 |
| HB 1724 | Prohibits statements made by a juvenile during a mental health screening from being admitted as evidence | 2014 |
| HB 1682 | Creates a grant program to sponsor school-housing partnerships for homeless youth | 2016 |
| HB 1513 | Establishes voter pre-registration for teens age 16 and 17 at the DMV and other government entities | 2018 |
| SB 5395 | Requires comprehensive sexual education in public schools | 2020 |
| SB 6066 | Expands access to ethnic studies materials and resources for public school students in K-6 | 2020 |
| HB 1660 | Closes the gap in extracurricular participation by low income students | 2020 |
| HB 1373 | Promotes student access to information about behavioral health resources | 2021 |
| HB 1356 | Prohibits the use of Native American names, symbols, or images as public school mascots | 2021 |
| HB 1365 | Procures computers and devices for public schools students and staff | 2021 |
| SB 5044 | Includes equity, cultural competency, and anti-racism in teacher professional learning | 2021 |
| HB 1140 | Requires juvenile access to attorneys when contacted by law enforcement | 2021 |
| HB 1225 | Expands funding and support for school-based health centers | 2021 |
| HB 1302 | Expands the College in the High School program | 2021 |
| SB 5299 | Allows the use of computer science credits for graduation | 2021 |

## Activities of the Council

RCW 43.15.095 outlines the council's duties as follows:

* Advising the legislature on proposed and pending legislation, including state budget expenditures and policy matters relating to youth.
* Advising the standing committees of the legislature and study commissions, committees, and task forces regarding issues relating to youth.
* Conducting periodic seminars for its members regarding leadership, government, and the legislature.
* Accepting and soliciting for grants and donations from public and private sources to support the activities of the council.
* Reporting annually by December 1 to the legislature on its activities, including proposed legislation that implements recommendations of the council.

However, the projects LYAC has pursued in recent years have expanded much beyond its minimum duties. In 2008, the council launched Action Day, an annual event that has since brought together thousands of youth from around the state to the Washington State Capitol. Attendees of the event have had the chance to listen to speakers including, but not limited to: Governor Jay Inslee, Lieutenant Governor Denny Heck, Lieutenant Governor Cyrus Habib, Attorney General Bob Ferguson, Superintendent of Public Instruction Chris Reykdal, Secretary of State Kim Wyman, State Treasurer Mike Pelliciotti, Assistant Majority Whip Senator Claire Wilson, Secretary of the Senate Brad Hendrickson, Educational Consultant Erin Jones, and Mockingbird Society Executive Director Annie Blackledge. At Action Day, attendees also have the opportunity to learn from workshops hosted by LYAC, connect with peers from around the state, and apply newly learned skills in advocacy meetings with legislators.

LYAC has also hosted other events, including town halls and workshops about the McCleary Decision, civic engagement, the council's legislative priorities, and nonverbal communication. During the 2020 election, the council hosted virtual interviews with the candidates for governor and lieutenant governor about youth issues.

LYAC frequently supports task forces and work groups hosted by various state government agencies. In 2019, the council advised the OSPI's Comprehensive Sexual Health Education Workgroup, whose recommendations led to SB 5395, which required comprehensive sexual education in public schools. LYAC endorsed and lobbied for the successful bill, which was later reaffirmed with the passage of Washington Referendum 90. The efforts were later covered in *Teen Vogue*. In 2020, the council partnered with the Washington state Office of the Attorney General on the creation of a 24-hour statewide hotline for receiving information related to youth safety and well-being. The same year, members advised the state Department of Health on COVID-19 vaccine distribution prioritization and worked with the OSPI on its *From Seed to Apple* initiative.

LYAC collaborates year-round with many community organizations around the state in order to more accurately represent youth opinion, support the mission of those groups, and promote increased civic engagement.

## Recognition

* In 2012, as part of the Washington state legislature, LYAC won the Kevin B. Harrington Award.
* In 2014, LYAC won the Colleen Willoughby Youth Civic Engagement Award.
* In 2015, LYAC was a Harvard Kennedy School Innovations in American Government Award Semi-Finalist.
* In 2017, LYAC was recognized as a Harvard Kennedy School Bright Idea.

The work of LYAC has been covered in the AP, Washington Post, Q-13 Fox, KIRO Seattle, The Seattle Times, The U.S. News & World Report*, Teen Vogue*, KING-5, KNKX, the San Francisco Chronicle, The Spokesman Review, MasonWebTV, OPB News, YakTri News, EIN News, The Yakima Herald-Republic, the Times Union, Sequim Gazette, Centralia Chronicle, Seattle Medium, South Sound Emerald, GzKATU, The News Tribune, the Fairfield Citizen, the Houston Chronicle, Seattle PI, Beaumont Enterprise, CTpost, Greenwich Times, News Times, Magic Valley, RegisteredCitizen, The Reflector, South Whidbey Record, Michigan's Thumb, The Ridgefield Press, KTVZ Idaho, KXLY, KHQ, *Washington Law & Politics,* and TV Washington.

In 2008, LYAC worked with the state of Indiana's Department of Education in the creation of a Legislative Youth Advisory Council there. LYAC has advised the states of California, New York, Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia in their efforts to pursue a similar idea in years since. In 2016, members met with international leaders at the World Affairs Council of Seattle to brainstorm the applicability of LYAC's mission on a global scale in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Mexico. There are also youth councils established in the states of Louisiana, Maryland, and Colorado, though it is unknown whether Washington LYAC had an advisory role in their creation.

## InfoBox

Washington Legislative Youth Advisory Council
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | LYAC |
| Formation | 2005 |
| Founder | Washington State Legislature |
| Type | Governmental organization |
| Purpose | Civic education, advocacy |
| Region | Washington State |
| Website | walyac.org |


title: Watch the Fireworks

abstract: Watch the Fireworks is the debut studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Emma Pollock, released on 17 September 2007 by 4AD.

text:
# Watch the Fireworks

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| BBC | Positive link |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.4/10 link |
| Rockfeedback | link |
| *Stylus Magazine* | C+ link |

**Watch the Fireworks** is the debut studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Emma Pollock, released on 17 September 2007 by 4AD.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Emma Pollock

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "New Land" | 4:49 |
| 2. | "Acid Test" | 3:51 |
| 3. | "Paper and Glue" | 3:46 |
| 4. | "Limbs" | 3:43 |
| 5. | "Adrenaline" | 4:58 |
| 6. | "If Silence Means That Much to You" | 3:46 |
| 7. | "Fortune" | 3:29 |
| 8. | "You'll Come Around" | 3:23 |
| 9. | "This Rope's Getting Tighter" | 3:14 |
| 10. | "Here Comes the Heartbreak" | 3:20 |
| 11. | "The Optimist" | 4:57 |
| Total length: | | 43:15 |

## Singles

**Adrenaline** ( 7" – May 28, 2007)

1. Adrenaline – 5:01
2. A Glorious Day – 3:21 (from a poem by Brendan Cleary)

**Acid Test** (CD & 7" – September 3, 2007)

1. Acid Test – 3:52
2. A Temporary Fix – 4:17

**Paper and Glue** (CD & 7" – November 26, 2007)

1. Paper and Glue – 3:45
2. I Have a Double – 4:48

## InfoBox

| Watch the Fireworks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Emma Pollock | |
| Released | 17 September 2007 (2007-09-17) |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 43:15 |
| Label | 4AD |
| Producer | Victor Van Vugt |
| Emma Pollock chronology | |
| ***Watch the Fireworks***
(2007) *The Law of Large Numbers*
(2010) | |


title: Water resource region

abstract: A water resource region is the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units as part of the U.S. hydrologic unit system. This first level of classification divides the United States into 21 major geographic areas, or regions. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of a major river, or the combined drainage areas of a series of rivers.

text:
# Water resource region

A **water resource region** is the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units as part of the U.S. hydrologic unit system.

This first level of classification divides the United States into 21 major geographic areas, or regions. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of a major river, or the combined drainage areas of a series of rivers.

## List of water resource regions

| Region HUC | Region name | Region description | Region location | Region size | Region population | Region map |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | New England region | The drainage within the United States that ultimately discharges into: 1. the Bay of Fundy 2. the Atlantic Ocean within and between the states of Maine and Connecticut 3. Long Island Sound north of the New York-Connecticut state line 4. the Riviere St. Francois, a tributary of the Saint Lawrence River | Includes all of Maine, New Hampshire and Rhode Island, and parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont. | 73,753 sq mi (191,020 km2) | 14,500,000 |  |
| 02 | Mid Atlantic region | The drainage within the United States that ultimately discharges into: 1. the Atlantic Ocean within and between the states of New York and Virginia 2. Long Island Sound south of the New York-Connecticut State Line 3. the Riviere Richelieu, a tributary of the Saint Lawrence River | Includes all of Delaware and New Jersey and the District of Columbia, and parts of Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. | 106,334 sq mi (275,400 km2) | 50,800,000 |  |
| 03 | South Atlantic–Gulf region | The drainage that ultimately discharges into: 1. the Atlantic Ocean within and between the states of Virginia and Florida 2. the Gulf of Mexico within and between the states of Florida and Louisiana 3. the associated waters | Includes all of Florida and South Carolina, and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. | 279,664 sq mi (724,330 km2) | 55,900,000 |  |
| 04 | Great Lakes region | The drainage within the United States that ultimately discharges into: 1. the Great Lakes system, including the lake surfaces, bays, and islands 2. the Saint Lawrence River to the Riviere Richelieu drainage boundary. | Includes parts of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. | 141,984 sq mi (367,740 km2) | 15,200,000 |  |
| 05 | Ohio region | The drainage of the Ohio River Basin, excluding the Tennessee River Basin. | Includes parts of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. | 162,916 sq mi (421,950 km2) | 27,000,000 |  |
| 06 | Tennessee region | The drainage of the Tennessee River Basin. | Includes parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. | 40,908 sq mi (105,950 km2) | 5,400,000 |  |
| 07 | Upper Mississippi region | The drainage of the Mississippi River Basin above the confluence with the Ohio River, excluding the Missouri River Basin. | Includes parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. | 189,968 sq mi (492,010 km2) | 26,100,000 |  |
| 08 | Lower Mississippi region | The drainage of: 1. the Mississippi River below its confluence with the Ohio River, excluding the Arkansas, Red, and White River Basins above the points of highest backwater effect of the Mississippi River in those basins 2. coastal streams that ultimately discharge into the Gulf of Mexico from the Pearl River Basin boundary to the Sabine River and Sabine Lake drainage boundary. | Includes parts of Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. | 106,741 sq mi (276,460 km2) | 10,400,000 |  |
| 09 | Souris-Red-Rainy region | The drainage within the United States of the Lake of the Woods and the Rainy, Red, and Souris River Basins that ultimately discharges into Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay. | Includes parts of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. | 90,759 sq mi (235,060 km2) | 1,000,000 |  |
| 10 | Missouri region | The drainage within the United States of: 1. the Missouri River Basin 2. the Saskatchewan River Basin 3. several small closed basins. | Includes all of Nebraska and parts of Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. | 520,960 sq mi (1,349,300 km2) | 13,000,000 |  |
| 11 | Arkansas-White-Red region | The drainage of the Arkansas, White, and Red River Basins above the points of highest backwater effect of the Mississippi River. | Includes all of Oklahoma and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, and Texas. | 247,988 sq mi (642,290 km2) | 11,300,000 |  |
| 12 | Texas-Gulf region | The drainage that discharges into the Gulf of Mexico from and including Sabine Pass to the Rio Grande Basin boundary. | Includes parts of Louisiana, New Mexico, and Texas. | 181,886 sq mi (471,080 km2) | 25,200,000 |  |
| 13 | Rio Grande region | The drainage within the United States of: 1. the Rio Grande Basin 2. the San Luis Valley, North Plains, Plains of San Agustin, Mimbres River, Estancia, Jornada Del Muerto, Tularosa Valley, Salt Basin, and other closed basins. | Includes parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. | 132,517 sq mi (343,220 km2) | 3,000,000 |  |
| 14 | Upper Colorado region | The drainage of: 1. the Colorado River Basin above the Lee Ferry compact point which is one mile below the mouth of the Paria River 2. the Great Divide closed basin. | Includes parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. | 113,347 sq mi (293,570 km2) | 1,800,000 |  |
| 15 | Lower Colorado region | The drainage within the United States of: 1. the Colorado River Basin below the Lee Ferry compact point which is one mile below the mouth of the Paria River 2. streams that originate within the United States and ultimately discharge into the Gulf of California 3. the Animas Valley, Willcox Playa, and other smaller closed basins. | Includes parts of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. | 140,146 sq mi (362,980 km2) | 9,900,000 |  |
| 16 | Great Basin region | The drainage of the Great Basin that discharges into the states of Utah and Nevada. | Includes parts of California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. | 141,717 sq mi (367,050 km2) | 3,900,000 |  |
| 17 | Pacific Northwest region | The drainage within the United States that ultimately discharges into: 1. the Strait of Georgia and of Strait of Juan de Fuca 2. the Pacific Ocean within the states of Oregon and Washington; and that part of the Great Basin whose discharge is into the state of Oregon. | Includes all of Washington and parts of California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming. | 302,334 sq mi (783,040 km2) | 14,100,000 |  |
| 18 | California region | The drainage within the United States that ultimately discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the state of California; and those parts of the Great Basin, or other closed basins, that discharge into the state of California. | Includes parts of California, Nevada, and Oregon. | 168,579 sq mi (436,620 km2) | 38,900,000 |  |
| 19 | Alaska region | The drainage within the state of Alaska. | Includes all of Alaska. | 720,535 sq mi (1,866,180 km2) | 720,000 |  |
| 20 | Hawaii region | The drainage within the state of Hawaii. | Includes all of Hawaii. | 6,428 sq mi (16,650 km2) | 1,400,000 |  |
| 21 | Caribbean region | The drainage within: 1. the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2. the Virgin Islands of the United States 3. other United States Caribbean outlying areas. | Includes land areas over which the United States has some degree of interest, jurisdiction, or sovereignty. | 3,582 sq mi (9,280 km2) | 3,400,000 |  |
| 22 | South Pacific region | Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa |  | 496.48 sq mi (1,285.9 km2) | 280,000 |  |

* Kapinos, F. Paul; Knapp, George L.; Seaber, Paul R. (2016-12-07) \[1987\]. "Hydrologic Unit Maps: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Supply Paper 2294". *pubs.usgs.gov*. USGS. Retrieved 2018-08-14.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* Taylor, O. James (1978). Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region (PDF) (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/pp813q.
* Zurawski, Ann (1978). Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region (PDF) (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/pp813l.
* Sinnott, Allen; Cushing, Elliot Morse (1978). Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Mid-Atlantic region (PDF) (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/pp813i.


title: Waterloo Challenger

abstract: The Waterloo Challenger, last sponsored as Cooper Challenger, was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. The event was classified as a $50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and was held in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada from 2008 to 2013.

text:
# Waterloo Challenger

The **Waterloo Challenger**, last sponsored as **Cooper Challenger** (also previously known as the **WOW Tennis Challenger** from 2008 to 2011), was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. The event was classified as a $50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and was held in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada from 2008 to 2013.

## Past finals

### Singles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Julia Glushko | Gabriela Dabrowski | 6–1, 6–3 |
| 2012 | Sharon Fichman | Julia Glushko | 6–3, 6–2 |
| 2011 | Sharon Fichman | Julia Boserup | 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 |
| 2010 | Julia Cohen | Fatma Al-Nabhani | 1–6, 7–5, 7–5 |
| 2009 | Johanna Konta | Heidi El Tabakh | 6–2, 3–6, 6–3 |
| 2008 | Alexandra Mueller | Sharon Fichman | 6–3, 6–3 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Gabriela Dabrowski
Sharon Fichman | Misa Eguchi
Eri Hozumi | 7–6(8–6), 6–3 |
| 2012 | Sharon Fichman
Marie-Ève Pelletier | Shuko Aoyama
Gabriela Dabrowski | 6–2, 7–5 |
| 2011 | Alexandra Mueller
Asia Muhammad | Eugenie Bouchard
Megan Moulton-Levy | 6–3, 3–6, \[10–7\] |
| 2010 | Élisabeth Abanda
Katarena Paliivets | Lauren Albanese
Hsu Chieh-yu | Walkover |
| 2009 | Alexandra Mueller
Allie Will | Heidi El Tabakh
Tetiana Luzhanska | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 2008 | Akiko Yonemura
Tomoko Yonemura | Lauren Albanese
Alexandra Mueller | 6–1, 4–6, \[10–3\] |

## InfoBox

| Cooper Challenger | |
| --- | --- |
| ITF Women's Tour | |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Abolished | 2013 |
| Location | Waterloo, Ontario, Canada |
| Venue | Waterloo Tennis Club |
| Category | ITF Women's Circuit |
| Surface | Clay – outdoors |
| Draw | 32S (32Q) / 16D (0Q) |
| Prize money | US$50,000 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne

abstract: Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne was a combined cotton spinning weaving mill in Whitelands, Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England. It was built as two independent factories. The weaving sheds date from 1857; the four-storey spinning mill dates from 1863. The spinning was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s. Production finished in 1959. Waterside Mill was converted to electricity around 1911.

text:
# Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne

**Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne** was a combined cotton spinning weaving mill in Whitelands, Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England. It was built as two independent factories. The weaving sheds date from 1857; the four-storey spinning mill dates from 1863. The spinning was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s. Production finished in 1959. Waterside Mill was converted to electricity around 1911.

## Location

Ashton-under-Lyne is a market town in the Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. Historically a part of Lancashire, it lies on the north bank of the River Tame, on undulating land at the foothills of the Pennines. To the south of the river is the town of Dukinfield, which Historically a part of Cheshire. Ashton (as it is often shortened to) is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south-southeast of Oldham, 6.1 miles (9.8 km) north-northeast of Stockport, and 6.2 miles (10.0 km) east of the city of Manchester. The Portland Basin in Ashton was the terminus of the Ashton Canal, and the start of both the Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the Peak Forest Canal. Ashton was served by the Ashton, Stalybridge and Liverpool Junction Railway from 1844, and then with further lines created by the Oldham, Ashton and Guide Bridge Railway in 1861.

## History

Until the introduction of the cotton trade in 1769, Ashton was considered "bare, wet, and almost worthless". The factory system, and textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution triggered a process of unplanned urbanisation in the area, and by the mid-19th century Ashton had emerged as an important mill town at a convergence of newly constructed canals and railways. Ashton-under-Lyne's transport network allowed for an economic boom in cotton spinning, weaving, and coal mining, which led to the granting of honorific borough status in 1847.

The engine of growth in the second half of the nineteenth century was the joint stock company, whereby capital could be raised for the construction of new mills. The first joint stock boom was in the early 1860s was cut short by the Lancashire Cotton Famine. During the second boom between 1873 and 1875 about a dozen companies were formed, half were 'Turn-over' companies which bought existing mills from private owners. New mills were built at Whitelands and Guide Bridge. The third wave was from 1880 to 1884; only five companies were formed in Ashton of which two built mills, one being a weaving shed. The fourth and last boom of 1889 to 1892 saw the building of seven substantial mills by the 'Ashton Syndicate'.

Waterside Mill began as two independent manufactories. The earliest factory was a weaving shed erected by Thomas Mellor and Sons in 1857, at Sharp's Shrubberies in Whitelands, they already had a combined mill on Gas Street which could not be expanded. The Whitelands mill was a four-storey building built by George Harry Mellor, and leased to the Waterside Mill Company, who were registered with a capital of £20,000. It was equipped with 34,256 mule spindles. By 1896 both buildings were being operated by Thomas Mellor and Sons, and before the First World War the mills were physically joined. Waterside became a combined mill, weaving fancies from coarser cotton counts of American cottons.

The industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The Great War of 1914–18 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonies to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets. The independent mills were struggling. Waterside Mill was split into two units again. The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry. The spinning side of Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne was one of 104 mills bought by the LCC, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to the early 1950s. The weaving sheds passed to Tattersall's Limited and closed in the 1930s.

## Architecture

### Power

A pair of George Saxon & Co horizontal compound engines delivering 640 iHP. This was removed by 1911 when the mill was electrically driven.

### Equipment

* 34,256 mule spindles (1884–1911)
* 56,220 ring spindles (1911–1930s), 65,488 (1938)
* 774 looms (1903) 970 looms (1911)

## Owners

* Thomas Mellor and Sons (1857) – Weaving Sheds
* George Mellor (1963) – Spinning
* Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s–1964) – Spinning
* Tattersalls – Weaving

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

Waterside Mill
| The mill before 1951 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Greater Manchester | |
| Cotton | |
| Spinning (mule mill) and Weaving shed | |
| Location | Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England |
| Serving canal | Huddersfield Narrow Canal |
| Serving railway | Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway |
| Owner | Thomas Mellor & Sons |
| Further ownership | * Waterside Mill Company (1863, incorporated 1884) * Thomas Mellor & Sons Ltd (again), Ashton Ring Spinning Company (1896, 1920s) * Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s) |
| Coordinates | 53°29′00″N 2°05′10″W / 53.4833°N 2.0861°W / 53.4833; -2.0861 |
| Construction | |
| Built | 1863 (main mill) |
| Floor count | 4 |
| Power | |
| Date | 1880 |
| Engine maker | George Saxon & Co |
| Engine type | horizontal compound |
| Installed horse power (ihp) | 640 |
| Equipment | |
| No. of looms | 990(1911) |
| Mule Frames | 34,256 spindles (1884–1911) |
| Ring Frames path | 56,220 spindles (1911–1930s)<br>65488 (1938) |
| References | |
|  | |


title: Wassmer WA-80

abstract: The Wassmer WA-80 Piranha is a French two-seat low-wing cabin monoplane trainer designed and built by Société Wassmer. Based on the same construction as the company's WA-50 four-seater, the WA-80 was a scaled down version. The prototype, registered F-WVKR, first flew in November 1975 powered by a 100 hp Rolls-Royce Continental O-200 engine. Wassmer appointed a receiver and suspended production in 1977 after 25 had been built.

text:
# Wassmer WA-80

The **Wassmer WA-80 Piranha** is a French two-seat low-wing cabin monoplane trainer designed and built by Société Wassmer. Based on the same construction as the company's WA-50 four-seater, the WA-80 was a scaled down version. The prototype, registered *F-WVKR*, first flew in November 1975 powered by a 100 hp Rolls-Royce Continental O-200 engine. Wassmer appointed a receiver and suspended production in 1977 after 25 had been built.

## Variants

WA-80 Piranha Two-seater with a 100 hp Rolls-Royce Continental O-200-A engine, six built. WA-81 Piranha WA-80 fitted with an extra third rear seat, 18 built.

## Specifications (WA-80)

*Data from* Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 2
* **Length:** 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in)
* **Wingspan:** 9.40 m (30 ft 10 in)
* **Height:** 2.10 m (6 ft 11 in)
* **Wing area:** 12.40 m2 (133.5 sq ft)
* **Aspect ratio:** 7.1:1
* **Airfoil:** NACA 63418
* **Empty weight:** 500 kg (1,102 lb)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 800 kg (1,764 lb)
* **Fuel capacity:** 90 L (20 imp gal; 24 US gal)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Rolls-Royce Continental O-200-A air-cooled flat-four engine, 75 kW (100 hp)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn) at sea level
* **Cruise speed:** 190 km/h (120 mph, 100 kn) (max. cruise)
* **Stall speed:** 80 km/h (50 mph, 43 kn) (flaps down)
* **Never exceed speed:** 302 km/h (188 mph, 163 kn)
* **Range:** 700 km (430 mi, 380 nmi)
* **Service ceiling:** 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
* **Rate of climb:** 3.5 m/s (690 ft/min)
* **Takeoff run to 15 m (50 ft):** 300 m (980 ft)
* **Landing run from 15 m (50 ft):** 300 m (980 ft)

Notes Bibliography * Taylor, John W. R. (1976). *Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–1977*. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-354-00538-3.
* Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). *Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation*. London: Studio Editions.
* *The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985)*. Orbis Publishing.
* Simpson, R.W. (1991). *Airlife's General Aviation*. England: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-194-X.

## InfoBox

| WA-80 Piranha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Wassmer WA-81 Piranha | |
| Role | Two-seat trainer |
| National origin | France |
| Manufacturer | Société Wassmer |
| First flight | November 1975 |
| Number built | 25 |


title: Wasson, Illinois

abstract: Wasson is an unincorporated community in East Eldorado and Raleigh Townships, Saline County, Illinois, United States. Wasson is located along U.S. Route 45 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Eldorado. Wasson started as a company village for the Wasson Coal Company outside of Harrisburg, Illinois. The village was named after C.M. Wasson and his son. Mr. Wasson began his career as a junk dealer and eventually became one of the leading coal mining and banking pioneers in Southern Illinois.

text:
# Wasson, Illinois

**Wasson** is an unincorporated community in East Eldorado and Raleigh Townships, Saline County, Illinois, United States. Wasson is located along U.S. Route 45 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Eldorado.

Wasson started as a company village for the Wasson Coal Company outside of Harrisburg, Illinois. The village was named after C.M. Wasson and his son. Mr. Wasson began his career as a junk dealer and eventually became one of the leading coal mining and banking pioneers in Southern Illinois.

## InfoBox

| Wasson, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Wasson, IllinoisWasson, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 37°47′17″N 88°29′05″W / 37.78806°N 88.48472°W / 37.78806; -88.48472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Saline |
| Elevation | 384 ft (117 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 618 |
| GNIS feature ID | 420629 |


title: Wathiyaqucha

abstract: Wathiyaqucha is a 4,965-metre-high (16,289 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Gorgor District, and in the Huaura Province, Ambar District. Wathiyaqucha lies between Wanki in the west and Puka Parya in the east.

text:
# Wathiyaqucha

**Wathiyaqucha** (Quechua *wathiya* roasted potatoes, a traditional dish, *qucha* lake, Hispanicized spelling *Bateacocha*) is a 4,965-metre-high (16,289 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Gorgor District, and in the Huaura Province, Ambar District. Wathiyaqucha lies between Wanki in the west and Puka Parya in the east.

## InfoBox

| Wathiyaqucha | |
| --- | --- |
| WathiyaquchaPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,965 m (16,289 ft) |
| Coordinates | 10°40′39″S 77°02′27″W / 10.67750°S 77.04083°W / -10.67750; -77.04083 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Lima Region |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Wathlingen

abstract: Wathlingen is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km southeast of Celle. Wathlingen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Wathlingen.

text:
# Wathlingen

**Wathlingen** (Eastphalian: *Wateln*) is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km southeast of Celle.

Wathlingen is also the seat of the *Samtgemeinde* ("collective municipality") Wathlingen.

## InfoBox

| Wathlingen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Wathlingen within Celle district | |
| Wathlingen Wathlingen | |
| Coordinates: 52°31′N 10°9′E / 52.517°N 10.150°E / 52.517; 10.150 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Celle |
| Municipal assoc. | Wathlingen |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Torsten Harms (CDU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 17.68 km2 (6.83 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 43 m (141 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 6,511 |
| Density | 370/km2 (950/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 29339 |
| Dialling codes | 05144 |
| Vehicle registration | CE |
| Website | gemeinde-wathlingen.de |