title: Humanities Quadrangle

abstract: The Humanities Quadrangle (HQ), originally the Hall of Graduate Studies (HGS), is an academic quadrangle at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. First opened in 1932, the building was designed as a Collegiate Gothic structure by architect James Gamble Rogers. After serving for 86 years as the home of faculty offices and graduate student housing for the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Hall of Graduate Studies underwent a series of major renovations designed by Annum Architects starting in 2018. It reopened as the Humanities Quadrangle in 2021, now serving as the home of 15 academic departments and several humanities programs. With 311 offices, 28 classrooms, and 24 meeting spaces, the Humanities Quadrangle is frequently used by students and faculty.

text:
# Humanities Quadrangle

The **Humanities Quadrangle** (**HQ**), originally the **Hall of Graduate Studies** (**HGS**), is an academic quadrangle at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. First opened in 1932, the building was designed as a Collegiate Gothic structure by architect James Gamble Rogers. After serving for 86 years as the home of faculty offices and graduate student housing for the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Hall of Graduate Studies underwent a series of major renovations designed by Annum Architects (formerly Ann Beha Architects) starting in 2018. It reopened as the Humanities Quadrangle in 2021, now serving as the home of 15 academic departments and several humanities programs. With 311 offices, 28 classrooms, and 24 meeting spaces, the Humanities Quadrangle is frequently used by students and faculty.

## History

### Before academic use

Located at 320 York Street in New Haven, Connecticut, the site of the Humanities Quadrangle has undergone significant changes throughout its past. A map from 1824 shows the area as largely undeveloped, aside from a few small buildings along the curb of York Street. By 1852, part of the land belonged to the local Christ Church, and ownership was transferred to the New Haven Wheel Company by 1886. The company vacated its premises by 1901, and buildings adjacent to the former wheel factory became fraternity housing by 1924.

### Original construction

In a February 1929 speech to recent graduates, Yale University President James Angell announced plans for building a new quadrangle to house the Yale Graduate School, and construction began the next year. Some had expected this development to cause the demolition of Mory's, but blueprints were drawn to exclude the historic restaurant. Although $3.5 million was initially budgeted, the final cost was only $2.5 million, which was financed by funds from the estate of John Sterling. The building was officially named after its benefactor, but the Sterling surname was dropped over time, leading to the Hall of Graduate Studies.

The Hall of Graduate Studies opened its doors for the first time on September 29, 1932, coinciding with the start of the academic year. The new quadrangle included 80 offices, 16 classrooms, a 200-foot tower, and dormitories for 225 students.

### Modern renovations

In March 2015, Yale received a $25 million donation towards transforming the Hall of Graduate Studies into a center for the humanities, which prompted the building's iconic 14-story tower to be named after David Swensen. In addition, another $50 million was provided by an anonymous donor in January 2016, contributing to a total budget of $162 million. By September 2017, the city's Board of Alders approved the new site plans, and construction began in August 2018.

The renovations were originally slated to be done by 2020, but delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused the project to finish a year behind schedule. The building officially reopened on February 15, 2021 as the Humanities Quadrangle, although some facilities were not completed until May 2021. About 13,000 square feet of underground space was added during renovations, resulting in a total floor area of 173,811 square feet.

## Architecture

### Finnegan's contributions

During construction of the Hall of Graduate Studies, a man known only as Mr. Finnegan was placed in charge of building operations. Finnegan was tasked with executing James Gamble Rogers's plans, but he made modifications to express a personal disdain for the self-importance of graduate schools.

The first of the unauthorized changes was the use of bricks with unique carvings. Although Yale had requested bricks with its name emblazoned on the surface, Finnegan created additional designs to represent senior university officials. These included an angel (James Angell), a Maltese cross (Wilbur Cross), and a furnace (Edgar Furniss). Many of the special bricks can still be seen in the building's lobby.

Finnegan also directed the installation of lifelike busts of Rogers and Thomas Farnam, the university's comptroller. The busts were displayed prominently within the building's portico, and they were discovered by Farnam himself during an inspection visit. Farnam demanded for the sculptures to be removed, but workers were only able to whittle them down into the resemblance of Egyptian pharaohs.

After the Hall of Graduate Studies opened, a previously unnoticed inscription was found on the archway of the building's entrance. The text was from the novel Scaramouche by Rafael Sabatini, stating that "He was born with a gift for laughter and a sense that the world was mad." University officials were upset by the inscription's non-scholarly origin, and after a brief investigation, it was revealed that Finnegan was responsible for the unsanctioned chiseling. However, Rogers would go on to claim that the text was proposed by a committee of Yale faculty.

### Entryway stone heads

The archway above the entrance of the building also features 12 stone heads, which face incoming foot traffic from the street. They represent a selection of the 85 draftsmen who worked on the construction of the Hall of Graduate Studies, but only 11 surnames have been associated with the carvings. Unlike the adjacent textual inscription by Finnegan, the stone heads were approved in advance by the site's architects.

## Other

In May 2018, the building was the site of an incident where a Black Yale graduate student was reported to the police for napping in her dorm's common room. The early morning encounter was streamed on Facebook Live and sparked controversy over racial profiling.

## InfoBox

| Humanities Quadrangle | |
| --- | --- |
| A picture of the Yale Humanities Quadrangle, featuring its iconic tower. | |
| Former names | Hall of Graduate Studies |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Collegiate Gothic |
| Address | 320 York Street |
| Town or city | New Haven, Connecticut |
| Country | United States |
| Opened | 1932 |
| Renovated | 2018 - 2021 |
| Owner | Yale University |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 14 |
| Floor area | 173,811 sq ft (16,147.6 m2) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | James Gamble Rogers |


title: La Rançon d'une alliance

abstract: La Rançon d'une alliance is a 1974 Congolese drama film directed by Sébastien Kamba.

text:
# La Rançon d'une alliance

***La Rançon d'une alliance*** (English title: *The Ransom of an Alliance*) is a 1974 Congolese drama film directed by Sébastien Kamba.

## Plot

Two tribes, the Tsembo and the Tsoundi, have an alliance in pre-colonial Congo after years of contentious struggle. The son and daughter of the tribes' rulers are married to cement the alliance. Years later however, the wife, Hakoula, has an affair with a handsome slave. Bizenga, the slave, was killed on the spot. This infidelity sparks a devastating war between the tribes with a great deal of bloodshed. The son of Hakoula manages to end the war and free all the slaves. This allows a modern society emphasizing freedom and liberty to form, disregarding past traditions.

## Production

The film is an adaptation of the novel *La légende de Mfoumou Ma Mazono* by Jean Malonga. It was director Sébastien Kamba's first feature film, as he had previously been known for his documentary work, and addressed the taboo subject of African slavery. It was also the first film to be produced in the Republic of the Congo after independence. *La rançon d'une alliance* was shot in the languages of Kituba and Lingala. It was produced by Kamba and the Ministère de la Coopération Français. Though it is fiction, the film is based on actual history.

## Release and reception

In November 1978, the film premiered in the United States at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It was generally well received. *Black African Cinema* by Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike called it "a bold cinematic evaluation of traditional mores, it nevertheless lacks the kind of spirit of filmic innovation that might influence or induce other Black African filmmakers to reassess their film styles."

## InfoBox

| La Rançon d'une alliance | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Sébastien Kamba |
| Written by | Sébastien Kamba |
| Produced by | Sébastien Kamba, Ministère de la Coopération Français |
| Release date | * 1974 (1974) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | Republic of the Congo |
| Languages | Kituba, Lingala |


title: Trichromia furva

abstract: Trichromia furva is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1905. It is found in French Guiana and Suriname.

text:
# Trichromia furva

***Trichromia furva*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1905. It is found in French Guiana and Suriname.

## InfoBox

| *Trichromia furva* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Trichromia* |
| Species: | ***T. furva*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichromia furva***<br>(Schaus, 1905) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hyponerita furva* Schaus, 1905 | |


title: Przychojec

abstract: Przychojec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leżajsk, within Leżajsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Leżajsk and 41 km (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

text:
# Przychojec

**Przychojec** \[pʂɨˈxɔjɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leżajsk, within Leżajsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Leżajsk and 41 km (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

## InfoBox

| Przychojec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Przychojec | |
| Coordinates: 50°18′N 22°24′E / 50.300°N 22.400°E / 50.300; 22.400 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Leżajsk |
| Gmina | Leżajsk |
| Population | 1,000 |


abstract: The Museum of Money of the National Bank of Ukraine was officially launched on 24 March 2004 as the Museum of the Ukrainian Branch Office of the State Bank of the USSR. The Museum’s collection reflects the history of money circulation in Ukraine from the ancient times to nowadays. The museum is housed at the National Bank of Ukraine in Kyiv. Location: 9 Instytutska Street.

text:
# Museum of Money of the National Bank of Ukraine

The **Museum of Money of the National Bank of Ukraine**  was officially launched on 24 March 2004 as the Museum of the Ukrainian Branch Office of the State Bank of the USSR. The Museum’s collection (numismatic and notaphily items) reflects the history of money circulation in Ukraine from the ancient times to nowadays. The museum is housed at the National Bank of Ukraine in Kyiv.

Location: 9 Instytutska Street (Entrance 5).

## History

The decision to establish the Museum of Money was taken in late 1988. The exhibits of the Museum of the Ukrainian Branch Office of the State Bank of the USSR, which was founded in 1981, formed the basis for the collection.

In accordance with Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1766 of 29 November 2000 the NBU Museum of Money is listed as a museum whose collection and exhibits are state property and form part of the State Museum Fund of Ukraine.

The NBU Museum of Money officially opened its doors to the public on 24 March 2004. The museum was launched to mark the tenth anniversary of the printing of the first banknotes of independent Ukraine at the NBU’s Banknote Paper Mill.

The Museum was launched by NBU Governor Serhiy Tihipko, who was in office at that time. Mr. Tihipko, along with 10th grade students from Kyiv International Relations Lyceum 51, joined an excursion to the Museum.

## Collections

The museum's exposition is arranged in chronological order, starting from primitive commodities that served as money to the national monetary unit of Ukraine — the hryvnia. The museum's exhibits reflect over thousand-year-long history of the hryvnia and other monetary units that were in circulation at different times in the territory of Ukraine.

The Museum of Money contains the following exhibits (both originals and replicas):

* Coins of the Northern Black Sea Coast inhabited by the Greeks;
* Coins of the Roman Empire in Ukraine (1st and 3rd centuries AD);
* Dirhams of the Caliphate and coins of the Byzantine Empire in the Ukrainian land that circulated during the period when trade flourished with Byzantium and other eastern countries;
* First coins of Kyiv Rus – gold and silver coins (zlatnyky and sriblianyky);
* Coinless Period of the 12th-14th centuries, silver hryvnia ingots as a means of payment;
* Coins of Western Europe of the 15th – 17th centuries;
* Kopiykas of the Tsardom of Moscovy, metal and paper money of the Russian Empire;
* Money of the Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920);
* Russian rubles and Ukrainian karbovanets that circulated during the first years of Ukraine's independence;
* Hryvnias of independent Ukraine (1996–2016);
* Full collection of commemorative and jubilee coins of Ukraine;
* Monetary units of other countries.

The colorful stained-glass windows of the museum feature the most important milestones in the history of Ukraine that are reflected in the numismatic exhibits displayed in the museum showcases. These include pre-monetary forms of money (the Bronze Age and the Trypillya culture), money of Kyiv Rus, the Kozak epoch, the Ukrainian People’s Republic of 1917–1920 and present-day Ukraine.

## Present

The modern Museum of Money not only offers visitors an opportunity to view the valuable exhibits, but also raise the level of financial literacy among its visitors. Special trainings on savings, the protection of deposits, banknote security features are arranged for schoolchildren and students. These trainings are intended to provide a grasp of basic financial awareness.

Training sessions end with interactive learning which offers visitors an opportunity to strike a coin using a manually operated a coin-minting press and a hammer, a minting technique similar to that used in the Middle Ages.

Visitors are encouraged to pre-register for excursions online through the NBU’s website. The pre-registration procedure involves filling in an application form. The excursion schedule is compiled based on the submitted applications.

The museum’s collection can be viewed online by taking a virtual tour, available on the NBU’s official website. The 3D virtual tour offers viewers an opportunity to explore all the showcases.

## InfoBox

Museum of Money of the National Bank of Ukraine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 2004 |
| Location | 9 Instytutska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine |
| Coordinates | 50°26′51″N 30°31′52″E / 50.447509°N 30.530996°E / 50.447509; 30.530996 |
| Collection size | over 13 thousand exhibits |
| Website | bank.gov.ua |


title: Hugs (interpreter)

abstract: Hugs, also Hugs 98, is a bytecode interpreter for the functional programming language Haskell. Hugs is the successor to Gofer, and was originally derived from Gofer version 2.30b. Hugs and Gofer were originally developed by Mark P. Jones, now a professor at Portland State University. Hugs comes with a simple graphics library. As a complete Haskell implementation that is portable and simple to install, Hugs is sometimes recommended for new Haskell users. Hugs deviates from the Haskell 98 specification in several minor ways. For example, Hugs does not support mutually recursive modules. A list of differences exists. The Hugs prompt is a Haskell read–eval–print loop (REPL). It accepts expressions for evaluation, but not module, type, or function definitions. Hugs can load Haskell modules at start-up.

text:
# Hugs (interpreter)

**Hugs** (**Haskell User's Gofer System**), also **Hugs 98**, is a bytecode interpreter for the functional programming language Haskell. Hugs is the successor to Gofer, and was originally derived from Gofer version 2.30b. Hugs and Gofer were originally developed by Mark P. Jones, now a professor at Portland State University.

Hugs comes with a simple graphics library. As a complete Haskell implementation that is portable and simple to install, Hugs is sometimes recommended for new Haskell users.

Hugs deviates from the Haskell 98 specification in several minor ways. For example, Hugs does not support mutually recursive modules. A list of differences exists.

The Hugs prompt is a Haskell read–eval–print loop (REPL). It accepts expressions for evaluation, but not module, type, or function definitions. Hugs can load Haskell modules at start-up.

## Examples

### Extensible records

An example of "Typed records with extensibility", a non standard feature unique to Hugs.

```
module Main where

import Hugs.Trex

type Coord = Double
type Point2D = Rec (x::Coord, y::Coord)
type Point3D = Rec (x::Coord, y::Coord, z::Coord)

point2D = (x=1, y=1) :: Point2D

-- emptyRec :: Rec EmptyRow  -- predefined

-- (x=1 | (y=1))   -- rec. extension
-- (x=v | rec)     -- record value decomposition, pattern fields must be non empty
-- (x::type | rec)   -- record type decomposition

-- (rec\z) in the context means ''rec'' does not contain field ''z''

-- add a field z with the same type as field x
addZCoord :: (r\z, r\x) => t -> Rec ( x::t | r) -> Rec ( x::t, z::t | r)
addZCoord z ( x = x | other) = (x = x, z = z | other)

point3D = addZCoord 3 point2D   -- :: Point3D

-- admit any record with ''showable'' fields x and y
printXY :: (Show t, r\x, r\y) => Rec (x::t, y::t | r) -> IO ()
printXY point = putStrLn xy
  -- with SML style field accessors ('#' prefix)
  where xy = show (#x point) ++", "++ show (#y point)

incrementX :: (Num t, r\x) => Rec (x::t | r) -> Rec (x::t | r)
incrementX  (x=v | rest) = (x=v+1 | rest)

main = do
  let point3D' = incrementX point3D
  printXY point2D
  printXY point3D'

```

Running with H98 compatibility turned off to activate language extensions:

```
runhugs -98 test.hs

```

## InfoBox

Hugs 98
| Developer(s) | Mark P. Jones, others |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Final release | September 2006 / September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21) |
|  | |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Predecessor | Gofer |
| Type | Compiler |
| License | BSD |
| Website | www.haskell.org/hugs |


title: George Grimm (Presbyterian minister)

abstract: George Grimm was a minister and Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of New South Wales, Australia.

text:
# George Grimm (Presbyterian minister)

**George Grimm** (9 June 1833 – 2 June 1897) was a minister and Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of New South Wales, Australia.

## Early life and education

Grimm was born at Brechin, Forfarshire, the eldest son of Mary née Abbott and Robert Grimm who were members of the United Secession Church. He received minimal education and was apprenticed as a stonemason, but attended night school and by self-tuition. One of the parish ministers was the Rev. James McCosh and Grimm became a favourite pupil in his Bible class, and thus received a religious and intellectual impetus which did much to direct his future career in the ministry. He paid his own way to attend the Aberdeen Grammar School in 1855-56 before attending the University of Edinburgh, supporting himself by private teaching. He won the gold medal as the best Latin scholar of his first year, the following year winning the second class Straton gold medal in humanities and a prize in Greek. He graduated with a Master of Arts in 1861. Thomas Guthrie described him as "a youth of superior talents and early piety".

He attended the free Church theological course for 3 years before offering his services to the colonial committee. He married Mary Hetherington on 8 June 1865 and the couple left for the Colony of Queensland.

## Ministry

On arriving in Queensland towards the end of 1865, Grimm was sent to Dalby in the Darling Downs, conducting regular services, before opening the first Presbyterian church in Dalby on Sunday 20 June 1869. In 1870 The Reverend Lang insisted that he move to New South Wales where he was assigned to the parishes of Young and Grenfell which were then booming gold rush towns. Grimm organised for the building of St Andrew's Church at Grenfell and St Paul's Church at Young.

He was elected Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of New South Wales in 1879, and he moved to Sydney to be minister at Balmain West, building new churches at West Balmain and Drummoyne. He was a tutor at St Andrew's College from 1873 until 1897.

He contributed to the Sydney Mail, Presbyterian, Evening News and Australian Town and Country Journal. He relinquished his duties shortly before his death on account of failing strength, making it impossible to continue the threefold duties of minister, editor, and theological tutor.

## Personal life and death

Grimm died at Balmain on 2 June 1897(1897-06-02) (aged 63), survived by his wife Mary (1843-1919), daughters and 3 sons, Arthur (1868-1939) a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, George Alexander (1873-1933), an organist, baritone singer and musician, and Reginald Charles (Reg) (1882–1932), a member of the Australian Imperial Force, serving in the 7th Light Horse at Gallipoli.

## Publications

* *The Australian explorers: their labours, perils and achievements being a narrative of discovery from the landing of Captain Cook to the centennial year* (1st ed.), Melbourne: George Robertson & Company, 1888, Wikidata Q109547533
* *The Unveiling of Africa*. 1890.
* *A Concise History of Australia*. 1891.
* *The Sabbath: Patriarchal, Jewish & Christian*. 1892.
* *Twelve Lectures on the Immortality of the Soul and the Life Everlasting*. 1892.
* *The Bulwarks of our Faith*. 1893.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Death of the Rev. George Grimm, M.A." *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 3 June 1897. p. 5  via Trove.


title: Walter Trier

abstract: Walter Trier was a Czech-German illustrator, best known for his work for the children's books of Erich Kästner and the covers of the magazine Lilliput.

text:
# Walter Trier

**Walter Trier** (25 June 1890  8 July 1951 Craigleith, near Collingwood, Ontario, Canada) was a Czech-German illustrator, best known for his work for the children's books of Erich Kästner and the covers of the magazine *Lilliput*.

## Life

Trier was born to a middle class German-speaking Jewish family on 25 June 1890 in Prague. In 1905, Trier entered the Industrial School of Fine and Applied Arts; he later moved to the Prague Academy. In 1906, he entered the Royal Academy, Munich, where he studied under Franz Stuck and Erwin Knirr. In 1910, at age 20, Trier moved to Berlin where he spent most of his career. There he became known for his caricatures and children's book illustrations.

Trier married Helene Mathews in 1913; a daughter, Margaret, was born a year later.

An anti-fascist, Trier's cartoons were bitterly opposed by the Nazis. In 1936 he emigrated to London. During the Second World War, Trier helped the Ministry of Information produce anti-Nazi leaflets and political propaganda. He and his wife became British citizens in 1947, the same year that they moved to Canada to be near their daughter, who had moved to Toronto with her husband in the late thirties.

## Illustrations

Trier's works for the periodicals *Simplicissimus* and *Jugend* appeared in 1909. The next year, Otto Eysler, the editor of *Lustige Blätter*, persuaded him to move to Berlin and work for that magazine; Trier worked for *Berliner Illustriete Zeitung* as well.

In 1927/1929, Trier was introduced to Erich Kästner, and he illustrated Kästner's *Emil und die Detektive* (*Emil and the Detectives*).

Trier provided the front cover design for every issue of *Lilliput* from its start until 1949. Each time, the design employed a man, a woman, and a dog. The man and woman were usually young and almost always a couple, the dog was almost always black. It seems the original dog was Trier's. It was run over by a tram and killed, and after that Trier immortalised him in his *Lilliput* covers; the idea was light-hearted and the settings and styles varied considerably.

In 1949, Trier illustrated Kästner's children's novel *Das doppelte Lottchen* (*Lisa and Lottie*), which Disney then famously adapted into the 1961 film *The Parent Trap* starring Hayley Mills and its 1998 remake starring Lindsay Lohan.

On his arrival in Canada, Trier started work on illustrations for the company Canada Packers.

## Exhibitions and murals

In 1934, Trier held a one-man exhibition in Prague.

Trier also created various murals: in the Kabarett der Komiker at Kurfürstendamm (1929, destroyed by the Nazis in 1933), on the liner SS *Bremen* (1929), and for HoffmannLa Roche (Welwyn Garden City, 1938). He also staged designs for *Spielzeug* (1924) and *The Bartered Bride* (1931).

Trier held an exhibition of oils and water-colours in the University of Toronto in 1951, his death year.

*The Walter Trier Gallery at the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO) Devoted to the work of Walter Trier* features small rotating exhibitions of the artist's watercolours, drawings, paintings and sculpture along with satirical works on paper by other artists from the AGO collection.

In 1976, the AGO received a gift from the Trier-Fodor Foundation of over 1100 works by Trier and 345 folk toys. The gift was accompanied by an endowment to support the acquisition of humorous, satirical and illustrative art.

## Bibliography

### Books by Trier

* *Nazi-German in 22 Lessons*, Broadsheet, London, 1942. Reprint: Favoritenpresse, Berlin 2022, ISBN 978-3-96849-053-3
* *Brer Rabbit*, Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, Puffin, c. 1944
* *Dandy in the Circus*, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1950
* *Dandy the Donkey*, London: Nicholson & Watson, 1943
* *8192 Crazy Costumes in One Book...For Children from 5 and under to 75 and over*, London: Atrium
* *8192 Crazy People in One Book*, London: Atrium, c. 1950
* *8192 Quite Crazy People in One Book*, London: Atrium, \[1949?\]
* *10 Little Negroes: A New Version*, London: Sylvan, 1944

### Books by others illustrated by Trier

* Colman, Fred A. "Artisten" (1928)
* Földes, Jolán, *Peter verliert nicht den Kopf* (translated from Hungarian by Stefan J. Klein)
* Harris, Joel Chandler, *Brer Rabbit*
* Hirschfeld, Ludwig, *Wien und Budapest*
* Hochstetter, Gustav, *Maruschka braut gelibbtes!*
* Kästner, Erich, *Das doppelte Lottchen* (*Lisa and Lottie*; republished as *The Parent Trap* in the United Kingdom and Australia) (1949)
* Kästner, Erich, *Der 35 Mai* (*The 35th of May*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Till Eulenspiegel the Clown*, *Till the Jester*, and *Eleven Merry Pranks of Till the Jester*
* Kästner, Erich, *Emil und die Detektive* (*Emil and the Detectives*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Emil und die drei Zwillinge* (*Emil and the Three Twins*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Das fliegende Klassenzimmer* (*The Flying Classroom*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Des Freiherrn von Münchhausen wunderbare Reisen und Abenteuer zu Wasser und zu Lande* (*Baron Munchhausen*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Der gestiefelte Kater* (*Puss in Boots*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Der kleine Grenzverkehr, oder, Georg und die Zwischenfälle* (*A Salzburg Comedy*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Die Konferenz der Tiere* (*The Animals Conference*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Pünktchen und Anton* (*Annaluise and Anton*)
* Kästner, Erich, *Das verhexte Telefon*
* Kipling, Rudyard, *Das kommt davon*
* Meyer, Alfred Richard, *Die Reise in die Jugend*
* Meyer, Wilhelm ("My"), *Fridolins Harlekinder*
* Meyer, Wilhelm ("My"), *Fridolins Zauberland*
* Meyer, Wilhelm ("My"), *Fridolins Siebenmeilenpferd*
* Morgan, Diana, *My Sex Right or Wrong*
* Nelson, Claire, *The Jolly Picnic*
* Roda Roda, *Die verfolgte Unschuld*
* Schloemp, Felix, *Der Allotria Kientopp*
* Schloemp, Felix, *Schabernack und Lumpenpack*
* Seth-Smith, David, *Jolly Families*
* Seyffert, Oskar, *Spielzeug*
* Twain, Mark, *Die Abenteuer des Tom Sawyer*
* Wiseman, Herbert, *Singing Together*

### Periodicals to which Trier contributed

### Books about Trier and anthologies of his works

* Clements, Warren, ed. *The Many Worlds of Walter Trier: Inimitable Drawings of Baron Munchausen, Tom Sawyer, Emil, Brer Rabbit and Many, Many Others.* Toronto: Nestlings Press, 2019. ISBN 9781775343639
* *Humorist Walter Trier: Selections from the Trier-Fodor Foundation Gift.* The Art Gallery of Ontario, 1981. ISBN 0-919876-56-0
* *Jesters in Earnest.* London: Murray, 1944. Cartoons by Trier and four other Czechoslovakian artists.
* Kästner, Erich, ed. *Heiteres von Walter Trier.* Hannover: Fackelträger-Verl., 1959.
* Lang. Lothar, ed. *Walter Trier im Eulenspiegel-Verlag.* \[East\] Berlin: Eulenspiegel-Verlag, 1971. Munich: Rogner & Bernhard, 1971. ISBN 3-920802-59-4
* Lang, Lothar, ed. *Das grosse Trier-Buch.* \[East\] Berlin: Eulenspiegel-Verlag, 1972; Munich and Zurich: Piper, 1974. (New editions: 1984 and 1986.)
* *Lilliput: Walter Trier's World.* Tokyo: Pie, 2004. ISBN 4-89444-367-8 Presents 99 of Trier's covers for *Lilliput*; text in both Japanese and English.
* Neuner-Warthorst, Antje. *"Da bin ich wieder!": Walter Trier - die Berliner Jahre.* Berlin: SMPK, 1999. ISBN 3-88609-189-9
* Trier, Walter. *Kleines Trier-Paradies.* Zurich: Sanssouci-Verlag, 1955.
* *Trier Panoptikum*. Berlin: Eysler, 1922.
* Neuner-Warthorst, Antje, Walter Trier: Politik - Kunst - Reklame, Zürich: Atrium 2006.

## InfoBox

| Walter Trier | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 25 June 1890
Prague, Czech Republic |
| Died | July 8, 1951(1951-07-08) (aged 61)
Near Collingwood, Ontario, Canada |
| Alma mater | Academy of Fine Arts, Prague Academy of Fine Arts, Munich |
| Occupation | Illustrator |


title: Peter Okpaleke

abstract: Peter Ebere Okpaleke is a Nigerian prelate and cardinal of the Catholic Church who has been Bishop of Ekwulobia since 29 April 2020. He was appointed Bishop of Ahiara in 2012 and consecrated in 2013, but after the local clergy and laity insisted on an Mbaise bishop instead he was installed as bishop of Ekwulobia.He was later created a Cardinal in 2022 by Pope Francis on 27 August. On 27 August 2022, Pope Francis made him a cardinal.

text:
# Peter Okpaleke

**Peter Ebere Okpaleke** (born 1 March 1963) is a Nigerian prelate and cardinal of the Catholic Church who has been Bishop of Ekwulobia since 29 April 2020. He was appointed Bishop of Ahiara in 2012 and consecrated in 2013, but after the local clergy and laity insisted on an Mbaise bishop instead he was installed as bishop of Ekwulobia.He was later created a Cardinal in 2022 by Pope Francis on 27 August.

On 27 August 2022, Pope Francis made him a cardinal.

## Biography

### Priesthood

Peter Ebere Okpaleke born on 1 March 1963 in Amesi in Anambra State, Nigeria. He attended local schools and in 1983 entered the Bigard Memorial Major Seminary in Ikot-Ekpene and Enugu, where he studied philosophy and theology from 1983 to 1992. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Awka on 22 August 1990.

In the twenty years following his ordination he filled a wide variety of pastoral and administrative positions, including university chaplain, parish priest, diocesan finance administrator, diocesan chancellor, and secretary and member of diocesan boards. He also studied canon law in Rome at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross.

### Episcopacy

On 7 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Okpaleke Bishop of Ahiara, Nigeria. Okpaleke was consecrated a bishop on 21 May 2013. Because of objections to his appointment, his consecration was held outside the Diocese, in the Major Seminary of Ulakwo in the Archdiocese of Owerri.

Local clergy and parishioners objected to his appointment and prevented him from entering the cathedral in order to take possession of the diocese. A petition objecting to the fact that Okpaleke was not of the area's Mbaise ethnic origin was sent to Pope Benedict after he appointed Okpaleke bishop. On 9 June 2017, Pope Francis gave clergy in the diocese 30 days to either write a letter promising obedience and accepting Okpaleke as their bishop or be suspended. Clergy sent letters of apology but continued to protest what they saw as racial discrimination.

On 19 February 2018, Pope Francis accepted Okpaleke's resignation as Bishop of Ahiara.

On 5 March 2020, just over two years after accepting his resignation as Bishop of Ahiara, Pope Francis appointed Okpaleke the Bishop of the Diocese of Ekwulobia, a newly created diocese in Anambra State which formerly had its territory under the jurisdiction of Awka Diocese. Okpaleke was installed there on 29 April 2020.

Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 27 August 2022, assigning him to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of *Ss. Martiri dell’Uganda a Poggio Ameno*.

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Peter Ebere Okpaleke | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal, Bishop of Ekwulobia | |
|  | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Ekwulobia |
| See | Ekwulobia |
| Appointed | 5 March 2020 |
| Installed | 29 April 2020 |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno (2022-) |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Ahiara (2012-18) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 22 August 1990 |
| Consecration | 21 May 2013
by Anthony John Valentine Obinna |
| Created cardinal | 27 August 2022
by Pope Francis |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Peter Ebere Okpaleke
(1963-03-01) 1 March 1963
Amesi, Anambra, Nigeria |
| Motto | *Veni Sancte Spiritus*
("Come Holy Spirit") |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: Hispaniolan trogon

abstract:
The Hispaniolan trogon, also known as cacos is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It
is endemic to Hispaniola in the Caribbean. It is one of the only two trogon species found in the Caribbean.
It is the national bird of Haiti.

text:
# Hispaniolan trogon

The **Hispaniolan trogon** (***Priotelus roseigaster***), also known as **cacos** is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola (both Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in the Caribbean. It is one of the only two trogon species found in the Caribbean. It is the national bird of Haiti.

## Identification

Trogons are brightly coloured birds with long, strongly graduated tails, small feet, and short, thick bills. The Hispaniolan trogon has metallic green upperparts, a gray throat and breast, and a red belly and is separated from the closely related Cuban trogon by the more typical tail of this species. The underside of the tail is dark, but each rectrix is broadly tipped with white. Males and females look similar but the females' wing coverts and secondaries lack the narrow white bars. The male average measurements for wing, tail, culem from base and tarsus are 135.2, 154, 17.3, 16.8 mm respectively. The female averages are 136.6, 154, 16.5, 16.4 mm

## Vocalizations

The song is rather slow and can be heard from quite a distance. It has a low rattle.

## Habitat

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is mostly confined to a few remaining protected areas. It inhabits rain, dry, pine and broadleaved deciduous forests. Several early records included mangrove swamps west of Miragoane but whether these were visitors or a resident population is unknown. It requires large, old decayed trees with holes for nesting. It primarily occurs at 500–3,000 m, but there appears to be some altitudinal migration with birds observed at lower elevations in winter. In Haiti, it is restricted to the Massif de la Hotte and Chaîne de la Selle, due to extensive habitat loss. It is still quite common in the Dominican Republic, especially in the relatively undisturbed Sierra de Baoruco, although there has been a moderately rapid population reduction, owing to deforestation.

## Diet

It is known to mainly eat insects, though it also takes small vertebrates such as anoles and fruits, especially those of the West Indian sumac (*Brunellia comocladifolia*).

## Behaviour

Its foraging behaviour is presumed to be similar to that of other species of trogon: most food is taken in aerial sallies to fruit or to surrounding vegetation. The species primarily forages in the midstory of humid deciduous and pine forests. A study of mixed-species flocks on Hispaniola recorded two encounters with the Hispaniolan trogon, both of which were associated with mixed flocks.

## Reproduction

The Hispaniolan trogon's breeding season is thought to be March to July. The nest is a cavity in a tree, including cavities of the Hispaniolan woodpecker (*Melanerpes striatus*). The only known clutches are of two eggs; eggs are pale green and unmarked. Egg measurements ranged from 27.9 by 23.5 mm to 31.4 by 23.9 mm. The lengths of the incubation period and nestling periods are unknown. Generation length is estimated at 7.3 years

## Population and conservation

The Hispaniolan trogon is a forest-dependent species, and is vulnerable to habitat loss or degradation. The IUCN Red List conservation status of the Hispaniolan trogon is assessed as Least Concern; however, its population is continuing to decline throughout its small range, owing to forest degradation and fragmentation. Forest loss and fragmentation owing to shifting agriculture are causing a decline, particularly in moist forest areas. Dry forests have been considerably altered by charcoal production, and pine forests have been reduced as a consequence of indiscriminate logging and clear-cutting. In particular, recent habitat destruction along highways has caused a drastic decline of the population in the Cordillera Central, but it is occasionally seen on abandoned coffee farms and old cocoa groves in the Cordillera Septentrional. The species is also subject to hunting. However, as the range is relatively wide and not yet severely fragmented, the species is classified as Least Concern.

Some populations are afforded protection by national parks, such as in the Sierra de Baoruco. Proposed conservation actions include monitoring the population regularly, effectively protecting national parks that hold populations of the species, encouraging forms of agriculture which do not require forest clearance, discouraging charcoal production in native forests, and raising awareness of the uniqueness of the species, as well as discourage hunting.

## InfoBox

| Hispaniolan trogon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Sierra de Bahoruco National Park, Dominican Republic | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Trogoniformes |
| Family: | Trogonidae |
| Genus: | *Priotelus* |
| Species: | ***P. roseigaster*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Priotelus roseigaster***
(Vieillot, 1817) | |
|
|  | |
| Range in green | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Temnotrogon roseigaster* | |


title: Hurricane Hilda (1955)

abstract: Hurricane Hilda was a strong Category 3 hurricane that was the second in a succession of three hurricanes to strike near Tampico, Mexico. The eighth named storm of the 1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Hilda formed from a tropical wave on September 10 near the Lesser Antilles. It quickly intensified while moving westward into a small hurricane, and it crossed over southeastern Cuba on September 13. There, it dropped heavy rainfall and produced gusty winds that destroyed 80% of the coffee crop in Oriente Province. In the eastern Cuban city of Baracoa, Hilda severely damaged the oldest church in the country. Damage totaled $2 million in Cuba, and there were four deaths. Later, the hurricane moved across the Northwestern Caribbean Sea making landfall in Grand Cayman, then further into the Northwestern Caribbean causing light damage in the sparsely populated region of the eastern Yucatán Peninsula. After reaching the Gulf of Mexico, Hilda strengthened to reach peak winds of 120 mph (200 km/h) late on September 18. Before the hurricane moved ashore, there was residual flooding in Tampico from earlier Hurricane Gladys. Hilda struck the city early on September 19, with gusts estimated at 150 mph (240 km/h). It dropped heavy rainfall that flooded 90% of Tampico, while its strong winds damaged half of the homes, leaving 15,000 homeless. The storm killed 300 people and caused over $120 million (1955 USD) in Mexico. Ongoing flooding caused an outbreak of dysentery, and about 10 days after Hilda struck, Hurricane Janet struck the same region and caused further flooding and damage. Collectively, the damage from the storms represented about half of Mexico's budget in 1955. Despite the high death toll of 304 and damages of $120 million, the name Hilda was not retired after the season.

text:
# Hurricane Hilda (1955)

**Hurricane Hilda** was a strong Category 3 hurricane that was the second in a succession of three hurricanes to strike near Tampico, Mexico. The eighth named storm of the 1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Hilda formed from a tropical wave on September 10 near the Lesser Antilles. It quickly intensified while moving westward into a small hurricane, and it crossed over southeastern Cuba on September 13. There, it dropped heavy rainfall and produced gusty winds that destroyed 80% of the coffee crop in Oriente Province. In the eastern Cuban city of Baracoa, Hilda severely damaged the oldest church in the country. Damage totaled $2 million in Cuba, and there were four deaths. Later, the hurricane moved across the Northwestern Caribbean Sea making landfall in Grand Cayman, then further into the Northwestern Caribbean causing light damage in the sparsely populated region of the eastern Yucatán Peninsula.

After reaching the Gulf of Mexico, Hilda strengthened to reach peak winds of 120 mph (200 km/h) late on September 18. Before the hurricane moved ashore, there was residual flooding in Tampico from earlier Hurricane Gladys. Hilda struck the city early on September 19, with gusts estimated at 150 mph (240 km/h). It dropped heavy rainfall that flooded 90% of Tampico, while its strong winds damaged half of the homes, leaving 15,000 homeless. The storm killed 300 people and caused over $120 million (1955 USD) in Mexico. Ongoing flooding caused an outbreak of dysentery, and about 10 days after Hilda struck, Hurricane Janet struck the same region and caused further flooding and damage. Collectively, the damage from the storms represented about half of Mexico's budget in 1955. Despite the high death toll of 304 and damages of $120 million, the name Hilda was not retired after the season.

## Meteorological history

The origins of Hurricane Hilda were from an easterly wave, which spawned a tropical depression over the northern Lesser Antilles late on September 10. By the next day, the system was producing winds of 46 mph (74 km/h) in squalls. After moving to the northwest, it turned more to the west and quickly intensified. On September 12, Hilda attained hurricane status to the north of the Mona Passage between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It was a small cyclone, and the strongest winds were in a small region around the eye. Hilda continued to the west about 30 mi (48 km) offshore northern Hispaniola. After reaching winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), the hurricane weakened slightly while off the north coast of Haiti. Turning to the west-southwest, Hilda made landfall near the southeastern tip of Cuba on September 13. While crossing the island into the Caribbean Sea, it weakened from a hurricane into a tropical storm.

On September 14, Hilda emerged into the Caribbean Sea. It quickly re-intensified, surpassing its previous strength to winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) by September 15. Hilda made Landfall on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. The hurricane weakened slightly as it neared the Yucatán Peninsula, and Hilda struck the sparsely populated area between Chetumal and Cozumel on September 16 with winds of about 110 mph (180 km/h). It weakened slightly over the Yucatán Peninsula, emerging into the Gulf of Mexico on September 17 with winds of about 100 mph (160 km/h). Hilda again re-intensified, reaching its maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) late on September 18. Early the next day, the hurricane made landfall near Tampico, Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico. Winds in the city reached 105 mph (169 km/h), and the eye was observed for 45 minutes. The lowest pressure in Tampico was 952 mbar (28.1 inHg) on September 19. Hilda rapidly weakened over land, turning to the west-southwest and dissipating on September 20.

## Impact

Early in its duration, the storm produced winds of 55 mph (89 km/h) on Grand Turk Island. Its threat prompted a small craft advisory for southern Florida, the southern Bahamas, and Cuba.

When Hilda struck southeastern Cuba, it caused moderate damage and killed four people, all of whom in Oriente Province. Wind gusts reached 45 mph (72 km/h) at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which caused a brief power outage. High waves washed a freighter ashore along Cuba's north coast. Strong winds severely damaged the church in Baracoa, which was built in the 16th century and was the oldest in the country. In Santiago de Cuba, Hilda produced heavy rains and gusty winds, which knocked down telephone lines and caused flooding. Five people were injured after houses collapsed in the city. High rains and winds damaged the sugar cane and pineapple crop, and destroyed 80% of the coffee crop in Oriente Province. Damage in the country was not severe, estimated at $2 million. Hundreds of people were injured or left homeless. After the hurricane isolated the town of Caimanera, American workers sent a train there from Guantanamo Bay with a medical team and supplies.

While Hilda moved across the western Caribbean, it produced winds of 55 mph (89 km/h) on Grand Cayman Island, as it made Landfall on the island.

Ahead of Hilda's landfall on the Yucatán peninsula, officials warned the residents to prepare for high winds and waves. A storm warning was issued in Belize City. When Hilda crossed the Yucatán peninsula, it caused about $100,000 in damage.

Ahead of the storm in South Texas, officials provided sandbags and advised businesses to move merchandise within 2 ft (0.61 m) of the floor, both an effort to mitigate potential flooding. The large circulation produced winds of 22 mph (35 km/h) and flooded coastal roads in southern Texas. Outer rainbands flooded Raymondville and other towns in the region.

Before the hurricane struck, residents in Mexico expected that Hurricane Hilda would be weaker and strike near Tampico. When the storm was announced via radio about three hours before landfall, most people were already asleep and unable to prepare. Tides rose in advance of the storm, and before it made landfall, 10% of Tampico was still flooded from previous Hurricane Gladys. In Tampico, Hilda's strong winds blew away an anemometer after the instrument recorded winds of 105 mph (169 km/h); peak winds were later estimated at 150 mph (240 km/h). At the city's port, Hilda damaged boats and ferries, some of which washed out to sea. The hurricane destroyed the roofs of about half of the city's houses, as well as several schools and large buildings. Hilda produced severe flooding in Tampico that was reported to have covered 90% of the city's streets. Although smaller than the previous Hurricane Gladys, Hilda dropped heavy rainfall that flooded local rivers. Overall, 11,432 people were directly affected by Hilda. The hurricane caused 300 deaths and $120 million in damage, mostly due to the flooding.

## Aftermath

After the storm, Tampico was left without power or communications. About 15,000 people became homeless due to the storm, or previously from Hurricane Gladys. The governor of Tamaulipas declared a state of emergency and requested assistance from the military to provide food and shelter. Within a day after the storm, water access was restored, although the city initially remained without power or telephone. Communications were cut to Tampico, except for the airport at the radio. The rail line from Laredo, Texas to Mexico City was cut during the storm, but was restored ten days later. Due to ongoing flood conditions, there was an outbreak of dysentery that killed two children. The Mexican government flew medical supplies, food, and clothing from Mexico City to Tampico, while four United States helicopters assisted in rescue missions along the Pánuco River. About 10 days after Hilda struck Tampico, Hurricane Janet affected the same area, causing further damage and deaths. Collectively, the two hurricanes caused 1,240 deaths along their paths, and damage from the consecutive storms totaled about half of Mexico's 1955 national budget. After the two hurricanes, the Mexican government and military worked to assist the affected residents, and the Mexican Red Cross provided vaccinations and medical assistance to prevent the spread of disease.

## InfoBox

Hurricane Hilda
| Mid-level geopotential height map of Hilda making landfall | |
| --- | --- |
| Meteorological history | |
| Formed | September 10, 1955 |
| Dissipated | September 20, 1955 |
| Category 3 major hurricane | |
| *1-minute sustained* (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 120 mph (195 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 952 mbar (hPa); 28.11 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 304 direct |
| Damage | $120 million (1955 USD) |
| Areas affected | Hispaniola, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Yucatán Peninsula, Mainland Mexico |
| IBTrACS | |
| ---  Part of the **1955 Atlantic hurricane season** | |


title: Trichromia flavibrunnea

abstract: Trichromia flavibrunnea is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1911. It is found in French Guiana.

text:
# Trichromia flavibrunnea

***Trichromia flavibrunnea*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1911. It is found in French Guiana.

## InfoBox

| *Trichromia flavibrunnea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Trichromia* |
| Species: | ***T. flavibrunnea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichromia flavibrunnea***<br>(Dognin, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Neritos flavibrunnea* Dognin, 1911 | |


title: Horze

abstract: Horze is a privately owned, initially Finnish equestrian products and supplies retailer. It is one of the biggest European equestrian retailers, having stores in all Scandinavian countries, Germany, France, Hungary, Malaysia and Russia. Horze also runs e-commerce for all countries in the European Union.

text:
# Horze

**Horze** is a privately owned, initially Finnish equestrian products and supplies retailer. It is one of the biggest European equestrian retailers, having stores in all Scandinavian countries, Germany, France, Hungary, Malaysia and Russia. Horze also runs e-commerce for all countries in the European Union.

## History

The Horze riding brand was launched in October 2003 by Oy Finn-Tack Ltd., originally a wholesale supplier of trotting equipment since 1982. In 2004 it opened its first concept stores in St. Petersburg and Lahti, followed by Oslo, Stockholm and Copenhagen. Since then, franchise stores have been added across Europe. The Horze brand also has wholesale distribution in many countries, including Spain, France, UK, Ireland, Greece, Turkey, New Zealand, Australia, Dubai, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, The Netherlands, Hungary and Latvia.

## Sponsorship

Horze sponsors both the Finnish and Norwegian international equestrian teams. They also sponsor 24 individual riders from a variety of disciplines and countries in Europe, making up Team Horze. Heading up the team is Danish Show jumping champion, Tina Lund.

## Countries in which Horze operates

## InfoBox

Horze
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Retail (horse equipment) |
| Founded | **1988** in Lahti,
Finland |
| Headquarters | Hollola,
Finland |
| Website | horze.com |


title: Hugrajuli railway station

abstract: Hugrajuli Railway Station is a railway station on the Rangiya–Murkongselek section under the Rangiya railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone. This railway station is situated at Praja Basti Pathar, Hugrajuli in Sonitpur district in the Indian state of Assam.

text:
# Hugrajuli railway station

**Hugrajuli Railway Station** is a railway station on the Rangiya–Murkongselek section under the Rangiya railway division of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone. This railway station is situated at Praja Basti Pathar, Hugrajuli in Sonitpur district in the Indian state of Assam.

## InfoBox

| Hugrajuli Railway Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Praja Basti Pathar, Hugrajuli, Sonitpur district, Assam<br>India |
| Coordinates | 26°48′19″N 92°21′31″E / 26.805203°N 92.358641°E / 26.805203; 92.358641 |
| Elevation | 115 metres (377 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Operated by | Northeast Frontier Railway |
| Line(s) | Rangiya–Murkongselek section |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on ground station) |
| Parking | No |
| Bicycle facilities | No |
| Other information | |
| Status | Single diesel line |
| Station code | HJLI |
| Zone(s) | Northeast Frontier Railway |
| Division(s) | Rangiya |
| History | |
| Rebuilt | 2015 |
| Electrified | No |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Indian Railways Following station  Majbattowards ?   Northeast Frontier Railway zoneRangiya–Murkongselek section  Dhekiajuli Roadtowards ? | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Hugrajuli Railway StationLocation in AssamHugrajuli Railway StationLocation in India | |


title: Micropolis, Besançon

abstract: Micropolis is a sector of the area of Planoise, in the city of Besançon, Doubs, Franche-Comté, France.

text:
# Micropolis, Besançon

**Micropolis** (French pronunciation: \[mikʁopɔlis\]) is a sector of the area of Planoise, in the city of Besançon, Doubs, Franche-Comté, France.

## History

Before the construction of the halls, the Roy farm was located in this site. This building was a farm, then a chretien church, and was integrate in the new concert building in 1988. A lot of greats events of the city takes place in Micropolis : the "foire comtoise", the big amusement park of the region, Micronora the biggest European microtechnology salon and the concerts of the city. In 2007, the French president Nicolas Sarkozy choose Micropolis for do his electoral meeting.

1. Book : author : René Bevalot, title : Planoise… Vous connaissez ?, date : 1995
2. « Nicolas Sarkozy in Besançon », B25000, 23 February 2007

47°13′31″N 5°58′48″E / 47.2252°N 5.97995°E / 47.2252; 5.97995


title: Walter Trout

abstract: Walter Trout is an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.

text:
# Walter Trout

**Walter Trout** (born March 6, 1951, in Ocean City, New Jersey, United States) is an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.

## Biography

Trout's career began on the Jersey coast scene of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He then decided to relocate to Los Angeles where he became a sideman for John Lee Hooker, Percy Mayfield, Big Mama Thornton, Joe Tex, and many others.

Between 1981 and 1984, he was the lead guitarist in Canned Heat. He toured with them extensively in the US, Europe, and Australia. From 1984 to 1989, he was the lead guitarist in John Mayall's Bluesbreakers following in the footsteps of guitarists such as Peter Green and Eric Clapton. Trout recorded and toured with the Bluesbreakers worldwide. The many successes on stage were accompanied by a self-destructive lifestyle offstage. Trout recalled in a 2018 interview with Blues Radio International that while playing with John Mayall, he was rescued from a complete descent into alcohol and substance abuse by a post-gig encounter with Carlos Santana.

Trout left the Bluesbreakers in 1989 and formed the 'Walter Trout Band' which developed a successful following in Europe, especially Scandinavia where he found himself playing to large festival crowds such as at the Midtfyns Festival and Skanderborg Festival. *The Times* named Trout's first solo album, *Life in the Jungle*, "the greatest album in the history of the blues-rock genre." Between 1990 and 1992, Trout's first two albums sold over 100,000 copies.

In 1991, his song, "The Love That We Once Knew" climbed the charts in the Netherlands leading to a Top 10 radio hit. Performances at Park Pop and Pink Pop solidified his status there. When home between tours and until 2005, Trout hosted all-night jams with his celebrity friends in Huntington Beach. Such jams featured Richie Hayward (Little Feat), Jesse Ed Davis, Mick Taylor, John Mayall, Garth Hudson, Billy Gibbons, TM Stevens, Teena Marie, and many more.

In 1994, the official Walter Trout Fan Club for the Netherlands and Belgium was founded, followed in 1996 by the official International Fan Club which had members in 14 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Australia.

In 1998, Trout released his self-titled US debut album and renamed his band 'Walter Trout and the Free Radicals' (later renamed 'Walter Trout and the Radicals' and currently simply 'Walter Trout'). Since, Trout has been recording prolifically and touring in North and Central America, Europe, Australia, and India.

In 2002, he was featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album, *Hey Bo Diddley – A Tribute!*, performing the song "Road Runner" and many more guest appearances on other recordings.

In June 2013, while touring Germany, Trout got the first signs that he was suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. With his health deteriorating, he continued to tour until told he needed a liver transplant within 90 days. Supported by donations from fans, his wife raised the money needed for them to move out of state for lengthy stays in order to qualify for transplantation in various states. Trout recovered from his cirrhosis and subsequent liver transplant in a hospital bed for eight months, during which time he suffered from brain damage, which caused him to lose the ability to speak, play the guitar, and recognize his family. Due to being bedridden, he also lost the use of his legs during this time. He had to relearn how to speak and walk. Trout has also stated that he spent eight hours a day over the course of a year to relearn how to play the guitar. On May 26, 2014, Trout received the lifesaving operation. By 2015, Trout had recovered and was able to go on tour in Europe. His 2015 album, *Battle Scars*, chronicled his battle with liver failure and the excruciating wait for a donated liver to become available.

Also in 2014, a documentary hosted by Dutch rock journalist TJ Lammers about Trout's life was released to coincide with Trout's album, *When the Blues Came Calling*. At the same time, a biography, *Rescued From Reality*, co-written by British music journalist, Henry Yates, was released.

In 2015, Trout had recovered and returned to performing at the Royal Albert Hall in London. He was introduced onstage by his wife.

In November 2015, Trout became a patron of The British Liver Trust to help raise awareness and much-needed funding for the cause. Trout, and his wife, Marie have helped raise awareness for Donate Life Nebraska and are also ambassadors for the Danish Liver Foundation, as well as Organdonation – Ja Tak. "I'm only still here because someone donated their liver" he said.

In 2019, Trout's album, *Survivor Blues*, debuted with two consecutive weeks on the Billboard Blues Chart at number one and stayed in the top ten for twelve weeks. *Metal Zone* magazine, reviewed his performance in London by naming Trout "the ultimate, supreme bluesman of the 20th and 21st centuries."

In April 2022, Trout announced his latest studio album *Ride*, alongside the lead single "Ghosts." Describing the title, Trout said, "... life is kind of a ride too, isn’t it? And I want to live mine to the fullest.” The album was released on 19 August 2022.

## Personal life

In 1990, Trout met a 27-year-old advertising executive, Marie Brændgård during the recording of his second solo album, *Prisoner of a Dream*, in Denmark. Although married at the time, he pursued her, and convinced her to leave Denmark and move to California. Trout succeeded and filed for divorce. In 1991, they were married in Huntington Beach, California, where the couple still lives. They have three kids together: Jonathan (1993), Biscuit (1996), and Dylan (2001) who now all live in Denmark. Walter and Marie also maintain a residence in Denmark. Marie has managed Trout's career since 1993 and gained a PhD in Wisdom Studies in 2015. In February 2017, her book *The Blues-Why It Still Hurts So Good* was released. Trout and Marie have co-written several songs together, and in 2021 their collaboration on the song "All Out of Tears", a three-way co-write with Teeny Tucker, won the "Song of the Year" Award at the Blues Music Awards in Memphis.

## Discography

**Solo studio albums**

## Polls

* Planet Rock: Greatest Blues Artists of All Time: #5
* Arrow Classic Rock: #1 Best Blues Song in 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2016.
* BBC Listener's Poll: #5 (tied with Brian May) Best Guitarist 1993

## Awards

**Blues Music Awards**

* 2016 Song of the Year for "Gonna Live Again"
* 2016 Rock Blues Album of the Year for *Battle Scars*
* 2018 Rock Blues Album of the Year for *We're All In This Together*.
* 2021 Song of the Year for "All Out of Tears", co-written with Teeny Tucker and Marie Trout

**SENA European Guitar Awards**

* Winner of the SENA European Guitar Award 2015

**British Blues Awards**

* 2013 Overseas Artist of the Year
* 2014 Overseas Artist of the Year
* 2015 Overseas Artist of the Year

**Blues Blast Music Awards**

* 2016 Blues Rock Album.
* 2017 Live Blues Album.
* 2018 Blues Rock Album and Male Blues Artist of the Year.

## InfoBox

| Walter Trout | |
| --- | --- |
| Trout performing at the Ottawa Bluesfest in 2008 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1951-03-06) March 6, 1951<br>Ocean City, New Jersey, United States |
| Genres | Blues, blues rock |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1969–present |
| Labels | Ruf/Platinum/Provogue |
| Formerly of |  |
|  | |
| Website | www.waltertrout.com |


title: Jerald T. Milanich

abstract: Jerald T. Milanich is an American anthropologist and archaeologist, specializing in Native American culture in Florida. He is Curator Emeritus of Archaeology at the Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida in Gainesville; adjunct professor, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Florida; and adjunct professor, Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Florida. Milanich holds a Ph.D in anthropology from the University of Florida. Milanich has won several awards for his books. Milanich won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Florida Archaeological Council in 2005 and the Dorothy Dodd Lifetime Achievement Award from the Florida Historical Society in 2013. He was inducted as a Fellow into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010. Milanich's research interests include Eastern United States archeology, pre-Columbian Southeastern U.S. native peoples, and colonial period native American-European/Anglo relations in the America. In May 1987 he was cited in a New York Times article on de Soto written by John Noble Wilford. Milanich is married to anthropologist Maxine Margolis, also a professor at the University of Florida. They are the parents of historian Nara Milanich, who teaches at Columbia University.

text:
# Jerald T. Milanich

**Jerald T. Milanich** is an American anthropologist and archaeologist, specializing in Native American culture in Florida. He is Curator Emeritus of Archaeology at the Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida in Gainesville; adjunct professor, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Florida; and adjunct professor, Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Florida. Milanich holds a Ph.D in anthropology from the University of Florida.

Milanich has won several awards for his books. Milanich won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Florida Archaeological Council in 2005 and the Dorothy Dodd Lifetime Achievement Award from the Florida Historical Society in 2013. He was inducted as a Fellow into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010.

Milanich's research interests include Eastern United States archeology, pre-Columbian Southeastern U.S. native peoples, and colonial period native American-European/Anglo relations in the America. In May 1987 he was cited in a *New York Times* article on de Soto written by John Noble Wilford.

Milanich is married to anthropologist Maxine Margolis, also a professor at the University of Florida. They are the parents of historian Nara Milanich, who teaches at Columbia University.

## Books

* With Samuel Proctor, editors. *Tacachale: essays on the Indians of Florida and southeastern Georgia during the historic period*. The University Presses of Florida. (1978)
* *First Encounters: Spanish explorations in the Caribbean and the United States, 1492–1570*. University of Florida Press. (1989)
* *Earliest Hispanic/Native American interactions in the American Southeast*. Garland. (1991)
* With Charles Hudson. *Hernando de Soto and the Indians of Florida*. University Press of Florida. (1993)
* *Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida*. University Press of Florida. (1994)
* *The Timucua*. Blackwell Publications, Oxford, UK. (1996)
* *Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe*. The University Press of Florida. (1998)
* *Florida Indians from Ancient Times to the Present*. The University Press of Florida. (1998)
* *Laboring in the Fields of the Lord: Spanish Missions and Southeastern Indians* Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press. (1999)
* *Famous Florida Sites—Mt. Royal and Crystal River* Gainesville, University Press of Florida (1999)
* *Florida's Lost Tribes—Through the Eyes of an Artist* Gainesville, University Press of Florida. (With artist Theodore Morris.) (2004)
* *Archaeology of northern Florida, A.D. 200–900: the McKeithen Weeden Island culture*. (2004)
* *Frolicking Bears, Wet Vultures, And Other Oddities: A New York City Journalist in Nineteenth-Century Florida*. Gainesville, University Press of Florida (2005)
* *Laboring in the fields of the Lord: Spanish missions and southeastern Indians*. University Press of Florida. (2006)

## InfoBox

| Dr. Jerald Milanich | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Florida |
| Awards | Lifetime Achievement Award from the Florida Archaeological Council |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Anthropologist<br>Archaeologist |
| Institutions | Florida Museum of Natural History |
|  | |


title: Nick Ross (footballer, born 1862)

abstract: Nicholas John Ross was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender or striker.

text:
# Nick Ross (footballer, born 1862)

**Nicholas John Ross** (6 December 1862 – 7 August 1894) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender or striker.

## Career

Ross played for, and captained, Heart of Midlothian in the early stages of his football career before being persuaded to join Preston North End by club secretary William Sudell who also provided him with a job as a slater. Preston North End converted Ross from a centre-forward to a left-back.

Ross was made captain of Preston and over the next few years earned a reputation as one of the best defenders in English football. He featured in the 1886–87 FA Cup Semi-Final where Preston were beaten 2–1 by West Bromwich Albion. He was transferred to Everton in July 1888 where he was reportedly paid £10 per month – a significantly above-average wage for a footballer at the time.

### 1888–89 season

Ross made his League debut on 8 September 1888, playing as a full-back, at Anfield, the then home of Everton. The home team defeated the visitors Accrington 2–1. He scored his debut League goal on 15 September 1888, playing at full-back, at Anfield when the visitors were Notts County. The home team defeated the visitors 2–1 with Ross scoring the second of Everton' two goals. He was the first ever full–back to score a League goal. Ross appeared in 18 of the 22 League matches played by Everton in season 1888–89, scoring four League goals. As a full-back he played in an Everton defence that kept two clean sheets.

### After Everton

Ross returned to Preston after just one season with Everton, during which time Preston won both the League Championship and the FA Cup. During his second spell with the club he was converted to a striker and helped the club win the 1889–90 League Championship, the second in a row. Health problems forced him to retire from football in 1893 and he died a year later from tuberculosis.

His younger brother, Jimmy, was also a noted footballer for Preston, part of "The Invincibles", and the league top scorer for the 1890–91 season.

### Legacy

In 1906 William Pickford, co-author of *Association Football and the Men who Made it* (1905) and a future FA President, described Ross as a footballing genius matched only by Ernest Needham and G.O. Smith.

## Professional baseball

In 1890 Ross, along with his brother, were recruited by Preston North End Baseball Club for the 1890 National League of Baseball of Great Britain, playing first base. Both brothers featured prominently for the reserve amateur team, who won the 1890 Amateur Championship Baseball Cup.

## InfoBox

Nick Ross
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1862-12-06)6 December 1862 | | |
| Place of birth | Edinburgh, Scotland | | |
| Date of death | 7 August 1894(1894-08-07) (aged 31) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender, striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1880–1883 | Heart of Midlothian |  |  |
| 1883–1888 | Preston North End |  |  |
| 1888–1889 | Everton | 19 | (4) |
| 1889 | Linfield |  |  |
| 1889–1893 | Preston North End | 95 | (25) |
| Total |  | **114** | **(29)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1891 | Football League XI | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: La Hoyada volcanic complex

abstract: La Hoyada is a volcanic complex in the Andes, directly southwest of Cerro Blanco and east of the San Buenaventura mountain range. The volcanic complex reaches an altitude of approximately 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) and consists of several eroded calderas. Breccia, ignimbrites, lava domes and lava flows have been described at La Hoyada. The ignimbrites cover a surface area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi). The volcanic complex has been affected by faulting. Ignimbrites erupted at La Hoyada have been described as moderately welded andesites, of green-grey colour. The intermediate composition of dykes at La Hoyada contrasts with that of other volcanic rocks associated with extensional tectonics in the Puna, which tend to be of mafic composition. Some of the rocks underwent supergene mineralization later. The La Hoyada mine has yielded copper and platinum. Paleozoic rocks form the basement beneath Cerro Blanco, which also partly covers La Hoyada. Neoproterozoic and Ordovician sequences are also found at La Hoyada. Sometimes both volcanic centres are considered to be the same volcano. La Hoyada is usually considered a back-arc volcanic centre, and has been associated with extensional tectonics. The subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate has given rise to several distinct volcanic belts in the Andes, including the Central Volcanic Zone of the Central Andes. The volcanic complex was active in the Miocene and Pliocene during two stages. An age of 7.04 ± 0.03 million years ago has been determined for the ignimbrites. Another date for the complex is 9.8 ± 0.6 million years ago. Two distinct volcanic events have been dated 7.4-2.42 million years ago. Ore deposits linked with the volcanic rocks were the first aspect of La Hoyada studied.

text:
# La Hoyada volcanic complex

26°51′S 67°44′W / 26.85°S 67.74°W / -26.85; -67.74 **La Hoyada** is a volcanic complex in the Andes, directly southwest of Cerro Blanco and east of the San Buenaventura mountain range.

The volcanic complex reaches an altitude of approximately 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) and consists of several eroded calderas. Breccia, ignimbrites, lava domes and lava flows have been described at La Hoyada. The ignimbrites cover a surface area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi). The volcanic complex has been affected by faulting.

Ignimbrites erupted at La Hoyada have been described as moderately welded andesites, of green-grey colour. The intermediate composition of dykes at La Hoyada contrasts with that of other volcanic rocks associated with extensional tectonics in the Puna, which tend to be of mafic composition. Some of the rocks underwent supergene mineralization later. The La Hoyada mine has yielded copper and platinum.

Paleozoic rocks form the basement beneath Cerro Blanco, which also partly covers La Hoyada. Neoproterozoic and Ordovician sequences are also found at La Hoyada. Sometimes both volcanic centres are considered to be the same volcano. La Hoyada is usually considered a back-arc volcanic centre, and has been associated with extensional tectonics. The subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate has given rise to several distinct volcanic belts in the Andes, including the Central Volcanic Zone of the Central Andes.

The volcanic complex was active in the Miocene and Pliocene during two stages. An age of 7.04 ± 0.03 million years ago has been determined for the ignimbrites. Another date for the complex is 9.8 ± 0.6 million years ago. Two distinct volcanic events have been dated 7.4-2.42 million years ago. Ore deposits linked with the volcanic rocks were the first aspect of La Hoyada studied.

### Sources


title: Tripp Vinson

abstract: Tripp Vinson is an American film producer. He is best known for producing the films Baywatch, San Andreas, Journey 2: The Mysterious Island, The Guardian, The Number 23, Red Dawn, and Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters. Vinson has been described by The New York Times as a "journeyman producer who specializes in popcorn flicks" and is good at getting films produced while quickly adapting to shifting trends. His films have collectively grossed over $1.5 billion at the box office.

text:
# Tripp Vinson

**Tripp Vinson** is an American film producer. He is best known for producing the films *Baywatch*, *San Andreas*, *Journey 2: The Mysterious Island*, *The Guardian*, *The Number 23*, *Red Dawn*, and *Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters*.

Vinson has been described by *The New York Times* as a "journeyman producer who specializes in popcorn flicks" and is good at getting films produced while quickly adapting to shifting trends. His films have collectively grossed over $1.5 billion at the box office.

## Career

Vinson was the producing partner of Beau Flynn until they split in June 2011 after a decade of working together.

In 2015, it was announced that Vinson was producing a live-action prequel to *Aladdin*, titled *Genies*.

In 2016, it was announced that Vinson was set to produce a spin-off of *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs* titled *Rose Red*.

## Personal life

Vinson is married to Adriana Alberghetti, a talent agent for WME. His bachelor party in Las Vegas was revealed to have indirectly been the basis for the plot of the comedy film *The Hangover*. In 2022, the couple purchased a home in the Studio City neighborhood of Los Angeles for $5 million.

## Filmography

**Producer**

**Executive producer**

## InfoBox

| Tripp Vinson | |
| --- | --- |
| Vinson in July 2013 | |
| Occupation | Film producer |
| Spouse | Adriana Alberghetti |


title: Horyszów-Stara Kolonia

abstract: Horyszów-Stara Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sitno, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Horyszów-Stara Kolonia

**Horyszów-Stara Kolonia** \[xɔˈrɨʂuf ˈstara kɔˈlɔɲa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sitno, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Horyszów-Stara Kolonia | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Horyszów-Stara Kolonia | |
| Coordinates: 50°44′44″N 23°26′54″E / 50.74556°N 23.44833°E / 50.74556; 23.44833 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Zamość |
| Gmina | Sitno |