title: The Voice (American TV series) season 2

abstract: The second season of the American reality talent show The Voice premiered on NBC on February 5, 2012, in the 10 p.m. ET slot immediately following coverage of Super Bowl XLVI. The first promo aired on NBC on Saturday, October 8, 2011, during an episode of Saturday Night Live. The program seeks solo artists and duos that perform various types of music: pop, rock, R&B, hip-hop, alternative, Latin, country, blues and indie. Auditions were held July 15 to August 31, 2011, in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, Atlanta, Nashville, and Orlando. All four coaches return for their second season. The season expanded from the first season where each coach has 12 artists on their team, up from eight as in the first season. The blind auditions and the battle rounds have also been extended. Executive producer Mark Burnett said that a results show would be on Tuesday nights in the spring. The season premiered on Sunday, February 5, 2012, immediately following Super Bowl XLVI. Jermaine Paul was named the winner of the season, marking Blake Shelton's first win as a coach. With Paul's win being the second African-American male winner and first winner from New York.

text:
# The Voice (American TV series) season 2

The second season of the American reality talent show *The Voice* premiered on NBC on February 5, 2012, in the 10 p.m. ET slot immediately following coverage of Super Bowl XLVI. The first promo aired on NBC on Saturday, October 8, 2011, during an episode of *Saturday Night Live*.

The program seeks solo artists and duos that perform various types of music: pop, rock, R&B, hip-hop, alternative, Latin, country, blues and indie. Auditions were held July 15 to August 31, 2011, in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, Atlanta, Nashville, and Orlando.

All four coaches return for their second season. The season expanded from the first season where each coach has 12 artists (a usual size on almost all seasons) on their team, up from eight as in the first season. The blind auditions and the battle rounds have also been extended. Executive producer Mark Burnett said that a results show would be on Tuesday nights in the spring.

The season premiered on Sunday, February 5, 2012, immediately following Super Bowl XLVI.

Jermaine Paul was named the winner of the season, marking Blake Shelton's first win as a coach. With Paul's win being the second African-American male winner and first winner from New York.

## Coaches and Hosts

All four of the original coaches returned for this season. Carson Daly, the host of the show, also returned. Alison Haislip was replaced by singer and actress Christina Milian as the show's social media correspondent, increasing the show's involvement with its fans and offering behind the scenes information and news that would only be given by her. Celebrity guest mentors also worked with coaches during the battle rounds.

Coaches and Host(s) of *The Voice* Season 2Adam LevineCeeLo GreenChristina AguileraBlake SheltonCarson Daly(Host)Christina Milian(Backstage)

## Auditions

ChicagoNashville, TennesseeAtlantaOrlandoSouth San FranciscoInglewoodEast RutherfordHoustonclass=notpageimage|Cities where the auditions were held.

Auditions took place in the following cities:

| Location | Date | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | July 15 & 16, 2011 | Navy Pier |
| East Rutherford, New Jersey | July 22 & 23, 2011 | Izod Center |
| Nashville, Tennessee | July 29 & 30, 2011 | Nashville Municipal Auditorium |
| Atlanta, Georgia | August 5, 2011 | Atlanta Convention Center at AmericasMart |
| Orlando, Florida | August 11, 2011 | Loews Royal Pacific Resort |
| Houston, Texas | August 17, 2011 | Reliant Center |
| South San Francisco, California | August 23, 2011 | South San Francisco Conference Center |
| Inglewood, California | August 30 & 31, 2011 | The Forum |

## Teams

Color key

| Coaches | Top 48 Artists | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Adam Levine |  | | | | | |
| | Tony Lucca | Katrina Parker | Mathai | Pip | Karla Davis | Kim Yarbrough |
| | Orlando Napier | Nicolle Galyon | Angel Taylor | Nathan Parrett | Whitney Myer | Chris Cauley |
| CeeLo Green |  | | | | | |
| | Juliet Simms | Jamar Rogers | Cheesa | James Massone | Erin Martin | Tony Vincent |
| | Justin Hopkins | WADE | The Shields Brothers | Jamie Lono | Sarah Golden | Angie Johnson |
| Christina Aguilera |  | | | | | |
| | Chris Mann | Lindsey Pavao | Ashley de la Rosa | Jesse Campbell | Sera Hill | Moses Stone |
| | The Line | Jonathas | Lee Koch | Geoff McBride | Anthony Evans | Monique Benabou |
| Blake Shelton |  | | | | | |
| | Jermaine Paul | Erin Willett | RaeLynn | Jordis Unga | Naia Kete | Charlotte Sometimes |
| | Jordan Rager | Gwen Sebastian | ALyX | Lex Land | Brian Fuente | Adley Stump |

## Blind auditions

Color key

|  | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |
|  | Artist elected to join this coach's team |
|  | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |

### Episode 1 (Feb. 5)

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and artist's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Adam | CeeLo | Christina | Blake |
| 1 | RaeLynn | 17 | Baytown, Texas | "Hell on Heels" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Jesse Campbell | 42 | Maywood, Illinois | "A Song for You" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Daniel Rosa | 21 | Riverside, California | "Animal" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Juliet Simms | 25 | Clearwater, Florida | "Oh! Darling" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Chris Mann | 29 | Wichita, Kansas | "Because We Believe" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Gönül Aksoy | 30 | New York City, New York | "Tainted Love" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Ben Baxter | 23 | Belton, Texas | "I'll Be" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Mark Trussell | 23 | Nashville, Tennessee | "Baby" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Tony Lucca | 35 | Waterford, Michigan | "Trouble" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 2 (Feb. 6)

The coaches performed a medley of Prince songs at the start of the show. The songs included were "1999", "Little Red Corvette", "I Wanna Be Your Lover" and "Kiss" which were sung mainly by Christina Aguilera, CeeLo Green, Adam Levine and Blake Shelton respectively.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and artist's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Adam | CeeLo | Christina | Blake |
| 1 | The Line (Hailey Steele and Leland Grant) | N/A | Nashville, Tennessee | "American Girl" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Jamar Rogers | 29 | New York City, New York | "Seven Nation Army" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Neal Middleton | 33 | Salt Lake City, Utah | "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | TJ Gibson | N/A | Centerville, Ohio | "Calling All Angels" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Aly Jados | N/A | N/A | "Because the Night" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Sam James | 25 | Worcester, Massachusetts | "I Don't Want to Be" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Gwen Sebastian | 37 | Hebron, North Dakota | "Stay" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Pamela Rose | 28 | Cooper City, Florida | "Already Gone" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Kim Yarbrough | 50 | Los Angeles, California | "Tell Me Something Good" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Angie Johnson | 31 | St. Louis, Missouri | "Heartbreaker" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Dez Duron | 21 | Shreveport, Louisiana | "I Want It That Way" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Lindsey Pavao | 22 | Sacramento, California | "Say Aah" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Hoja Lopez | 25 | Houston, Texas | "Teenage Dream" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Jermaine Paul | 33 | Orange County, New York | "Complicated" |  |  |  |  |
| 15 | Angel Taylor | 23 | Los Angeles, California | "Someone Like You" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 3 (Feb. 13)

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and artist's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Adam | CeeLo | Christina | Blake |
| 1 | Sarah Golden | 27 | Houston, Texas | "You and I" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Elley Duhé | 19 | Vancleave, Mississippi | "Mercy" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Pip | 19 | Marietta, Georgia | "The House of the Rising Sun" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Erin Willett | 22 | Gaithersburg, Maryland | "I Want You Back" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | David Grace | 28 | Santa Fe, Texas | "Sweet Home Alabama" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Katrina Parker | 34 | Los Angeles, California | "One of Us" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Geoff McBride | 51 | Santa Rosa Beach, Florida | "Higher Ground" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Erin Martin | 27 | Chicago, Illinois | "Hey There Delilah" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | James Massone | 23 | Wakefield, Massachusetts | "Find Your Love" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Winter Rae | 26 | Los Angeles, California | "Take a Bow" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Chris Cauley | 27 | Atlanta, Georgia | "Grenade" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Nathan Parrett | 24 | Los Angeles, California | "The Joker" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Brian Fuente | 24 | Nashville, Tennessee | "Paris (Ooh La La)" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Moses Stone | 26 | Maryland | "Let's Get It Started" |  |  |  |  |
| 15 | Jordis Unga | 29 | Los Angeles, California | "Maybe I'm Amazed" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 4 (Feb. 20)

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and artist's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Adam | CeeLo | Christina | Blake |
| 1 | Ducky | 26 | Carlisle, Pennsylvania | "Tighten Up" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Jonathas | 24 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | "U Got It Bad" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Monique Benabou | 23 | Alameda, California | "Mr. Know It All" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Naia Kete | 21 | Santa Monica, California | "The Lazy Song" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Erick Macek | 31 | Bethlehem, Pennsylvania | "Free Fallin'" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Charlotte Sometimes | 23 | Wall, New Jersey | "Apologize" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Tony Vincent | 38 | New York City, New York | "We Are the Champions" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Anthony Evans | 33 | Dallas, Texas | "What's Going On" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Jamie Lono | 22 | Chicago, Illinois | "Folsom Prison Blues" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Dylan Chambers | 19 | Arlington, Texas | "Valerie" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Nathan Anderson | N/A | Collierville, Tennessee | "Walking in Memphis" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Luna Searles | N/A | N/A | "Come to My Window" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Adam Lasher | N/A | Los Angeles, California | "How You Remind Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Justin Hopkins | 30 | Tigard, Oregon | "Babylon" |  |  |  |  |
| 15 | Nicolle Galyon | 27 | Sterling, Kansas | "You Save Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 16 | Ashley de la Rosa | 17 | Orlando, Florida | "Shark in the Water" |  |  |  |  |
| 17 | Jordan Rager | 17 | Loganville, Georgia | "Chicken Fried" |  |  |  |  |
| 18 | ALyX | 19 | Dallas, Texas | "Just Like a Pill" |  |  |  |  |
| 19 | Karla Davis | 25 | Monroe, North Carolina | "If I Die Young" |  |  |  |  |
| 20 | Eric Tipton | 31 | Sanger, Texas | "You Make My Dreams" |  |  |  |  |
| 21 | Mathai | 18 | Dallas, Texas | "Rumour Has It" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 5 (Feb. 27)

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and artist's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Adam | CeeLo | Christina | Blake |
| 1 | Whitney Myer | 25 | Reno, Nevada | "No One" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | David Dunn | 27 | Midland, Texas | "The Man Who Can't Be Moved" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | The Shields Brothers (Tristen & Rory) | N/A | Rixeyville, Virginia | "Dancing with Myself" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Cheesa | 21 | Honolulu, Hawaii | "If I Were a Boy" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Preston Shannon | 64 | Memphis, Tennessee | "In the Midnight Hour" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Lex Land | 24 | Austin, Texas | "I Can't Make You Love Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Cameron Novack | 28 | St. Louis, Missouri | "You Oughta Know" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Orlando Napier | 25 | Los Angeles, California | "Waiting on the World to Change" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Lee Koch | 27 | Temecula, California | "Like a Rolling Stone" | Team full |  |  |  |
| 10 | WADE | 19 | Harvest, Alabama | | "Rehab" |  |  |  |
| 11 | Adley Stump | 21 | Tulsa, Oklahoma | | "Last Name" | Team full |  |  |
| 12 | Beta | N/A | N/A | | "You Make Me Feel..." |  | Team full |
| 13 | Aaron Gordon | N/A | Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada | | | "So Sick" |  |
| 14 | Lana Lowe | N/A | Beaumont, Texas | | | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" |  |
| 15 | Sera Hill | 24 | Atlanta, Georgia | | | "I'm Goin' Down" |  |

## The Battles

After the Blind Auditions, each coach had 12 artists for the Battle Rounds, which aired from March 5 to March 26. For this season celebrity guest mentors once again worked with coaches during the battle rounds. Coaches began narrowing down the playing field by training the artists with the help of advisors.

Color key

|  | Artist won the Battle and advances to the Live shows |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist lost the Battle and was eliminated |

| Episode & Date | Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Episode 6
(*Monday, March 5, 2012*) | Adam Levine | 1 | Tony Lucca | "Beautiful Day" | Chris Cauley |
| | Blake Shelton | 2 | RaeLynn | "Free Fallin'" | Adley Stump |
| | Christina Aguilera | 3 | Chris Mann | "The Power of Love" | Monique Benabou |
| | CeeLo Green | 4 | Cheesa | "Total Eclipse of the Heart" | Angie Johnson |
| | Blake Shelton | 5 | Jordis Unga | "Ironic" | Brian Fuente |
| | Christina Aguilera | 6 | Jesse Campbell | "If I Ain't Got You" | Anthony Evans |
|  | | | | | |
| Episode 7
(*Monday, March 12, 2012*) | Christina Aguilera | 1 | Sera Hill | "Chain of Fools" | Geoff McBride |
| | Blake Shelton | 2 | Charlotte Sometimes | "Pumped Up Kicks" | Lex Land |
| | CeeLo Green | 3 | Juliet Simms | "Stay with Me" | Sarah Golden |
| | Adam Levine | 4 | Kim Yarbrough | "No More Drama" | Whitney Myer |
| | Christina Aguilera | 5 | Lindsey Pavao | "Heart-Shaped Box" | Lee Koch |
| | CeeLo Green | 6 | Jamar Rogers | "I Want to Know What Love Is" | Jamie Lono |
|  | | | | | |
| Episode 8
(*Monday, March 19, 2012*) | Adam Levine | 1 | Pip | "You Know I'm No Good" | Nathan Parrett |
| | CeeLo Green | 2 | Erin Martin | "What's Love Got to Do with It" | The Shields Brothers |
| | Christina Aguilera | 3 | Ashley de la Rosa | "No Air" | Jonathas |
| | Blake Shelton | 4 | Jermaine Paul | "Get Outta My Dreams, Get into My Car" | ALyX |
| | Adam Levine | 5 | Katrina Parker | "Bleeding Love" | Angel Taylor |
| | Blake Shelton | 6 | Erin Willett | "We Belong" | Gwen Sebastian |
|  | | | | | |
| Episode 9
(*Monday, March 26, 2012*) | CeeLo Green | 1 | James Massone | "True Colors" | WADE |
| | Adam Levine | 2 | Mathai | "Love Song" | Nicolle Galyon |
| | Christina Aguilera | 3 | Moses Stone | "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" | The Line |
| | Adam Levine | 4 | Karla Davis | "Easy" | Orlando Napier |
| | Blake Shelton | 5 | Naia Kete | "I'm Yours" | Jordan Rager |
| | CeeLo Green | 6 | Tony Vincent | "Faithfully" | Justin Hopkins |

The advisors for these episodes are: Alanis Morissette and Robin Thicke for Team Adam; Kelly Clarkson and Miranda Lambert for Team Blake; Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Ne-Yo for Team CeeLo; and Jewel and Lionel Richie for Team Christina. Each advisor is partnered with one artist, for a total of six, as follows:

| Coach | Adviser | Artists | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Adam Levine | Alanis Morissette | Chris Cauley | Whitney Myer | Pip | Katrina Parker | Mathai | Karla Davis |
| | Robin Thicke | Tony Lucca | Kim Yarbrough | Nathan Parrett | Angel Taylor | Nicolle Galyon | Orlando Napier |
|  | | | | | | | |
| Blake Shelton | Kelly Clarkson | Adley Stump | Brian Fuente | Charlotte Sometimes | Jermaine Paul | Erin Willett | Naia Kete |
| | Miranda Lambert | RaeLynn | Jordis Unga | Lex Land | ALyX | Gwen Sebastian | Jordan Rager |
|  | | | | | | | |
| CeeLo Green | Babyface | Cheesa | Sarah Golden | Jamie Lono | The Shields Brothers | WADE | Tony Vincent |
| | Ne-Yo | Angie Johnson | Juliet Simms | Jamar Rogers | Erin Martin | James Massone | Justin Hopkins |
|  | | | | | | | |
| Christina Aguilera | Jewel | Monique Benabou | Anthony Evans | Sera Hill | Lee Koch | Ashley de la Rosa | THE LiNE |
| | Lionel Richie | Chris Mann | Jesse Campbell | Geoff McBride | Lindsey Pavao | Jonathas | Moses Stone |

## Live shows

### Week 1 (April 2 & 3)

The live performance show aired on Monday, April 2, 2012. The elimination show aired Tuesday, April 3, 2012. The top three artists from each team advances based on the viewers' vote, leaving with the bottom three facing the coaches' save through the participation of Last Chance Performances during the results show. The first live week features Team Blake and Team Christina.

Color key

|  | Artist was saved by the public's vote |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist was part of the bottom two or three in his/her team |
|  | Artist was saved by his/her coach |
|  | Artist was eliminated immediately by his/her coach |
|  | Artist was eliminated |

| Order | Coach | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Blake Shelton | Jermaine Paul | "Livin' on a Prayer" | Public's vote |
| 2 | Christina Aguilera | Chris Mann | "Bridge Over Troubled Water" | Public's vote |
| 3 | Blake Shelton | RaeLynn | "Wake Up Call" | Public's vote |
| 4 | Christina Aguilera | Moses Stone | "Stronger" | Bottom three |
| 5 | Blake Shelton | Naia Kete | "Turning Tables" | Bottom three |
| 6 | Christina Aguilera | Lindsey Pavao | "Somebody That I Used to Know" | Public's vote |
| 7 | Blake Shelton | Jordis Unga | "Alone" | Bottom three |
| 8 | Christina Aguilera | Sera Hill | "Find Your Love" | Bottom three |
| 9 | Blake Shelton | Erin Willett | "Living for the City" | Public's vote |
| 10 | Christina Aguilera | Ashley de la Rosa | "Right Through You" | Bottom three |
| 11 | Blake Shelton | Charlotte Sometimes | "Misery Business" | Bottom three |
| 12 | Christina Aguilera | Jesse Campbell | "What a Wonderful World" | Public's vote |
| Last Chance Performances | | | | |
| 1 | Blake Shelton | Naia Kete | "If I Were a Boy" | Eliminated |
| 2 | | Charlotte Sometimes | "Iris" | Eliminated |
| 3 | | Jordis Unga | "Wild Horses" | Blake's Choice |
| 4 | Christina Aguilera | Ashley de la Rosa | "Paris (Ooh La La)" | Christina's Choice |
| 5 | | Sera Hill | "Vision of Love" | Eliminated |
| 6 | | Moses Stone | "Breakeven" | Eliminated |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Gym Class Heroes featuring Neon Hitch and Team Adam | "Ass Back Home" |

### Week 2 (April 9 & 10)

The live performance show aired on Monday, April 9, 2012. The elimination show aired on Tuesday, April 10, 2012. Similar to the previous week, four artists per team advances, with public votes deciding the top three artists, and the fourth artist advancing through the Last Chance Performances. The second week features Team Adam and Team CeeLo.

| Order | Coach | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Adam Levine | Katrina Parker | "Tonight, Tonight" | Bottom three |
| 2 | CeeLo Green | Cheesa | "Don't Leave Me This Way" | Bottom three |
| 3 | Adam Levine | Tony Lucca | "In Your Eyes" | Public's vote |
| 4 | | Kim Yarbrough | "Rolling in the Deep" | Bottom three |
| 5 | CeeLo Green | James Massone | "Don't Know Why" | Public's vote |
| 6 | | Juliet Simms | "Roxanne" | Public's vote |
| 7 | Adam Levine | Mathai | "Ordinary People" | Public's vote |
| 8 | CeeLo Green | Tony Vincent | "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" | Bottom three |
| 9 | Adam Levine | Karla Davis | "Airplanes" | Bottom three |
| 10 | CeeLo Green | Erin Martin | "Walk Like an Egyptian" | Bottom three |
| 11 | Adam Levine | Pip | "When You Were Young" | Public's vote |
| 12 | CeeLo Green | Jamar Rogers | "Are You Gonna Go My Way" | Public's vote |
| Last Chance Performances | | | | |
| 1 | Adam Levine | Kim Yarbrough | "Spotlight" | Eliminated |
| 2 | | Karla Davis | "I Can't Make You Love Me" | Eliminated |
| 3 | | Katrina Parker | "Don't Speak" | Adam's Choice |
| 4 | CeeLo Green | Tony Vincent | "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" | Eliminated |
| 5 | | Cheesa | "All By Myself" | CeeLo's Choice |
| 6 | | Erin Martin | "Your Song" | Eliminated |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jessie J with Team Xtina | "Domino" |

### Week 3 (April 16 & 17)

The live performance show aired on Monday, April 16, 2012, followed by an elimination show aired Tuesday, April 17, 2012. In a surprise twist, for the next two weeks, for the first time, each coach must make an Instant Elimination, meaning that at the end of the show both coaches must eliminate an artist from their teams. The remaining three artist faces a public vote; the artist with the highest vote advances while the other two artists compete for the coaches' save during the Last Chance Performances. The first week feature Team Blake and Team Christina.

| Order | Coach | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Blake Shelton | RaeLynn | "She's Country" | Middle two |
| 2 | Christina Aguilera | Jesse Campbell | "Halo" | Eliminated |
| 3 | Blake Shelton | Jordis Unga | "A Little Bit Stronger" | Eliminated |
| 4 | Christina Aguilera | Ashley de la Rosa | "Foolish Games" | Middle two |
| 5 | Blake Shelton | Erin Willett | "Set Fire to the Rain" | Middle two |
| 6 | Christina Aguilera | Lindsey Pavao | "Part of Me" | Middle two |
| 7 | Blake Shelton | Jermaine Paul | "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" | Public's vote |
| 8 | Christina Aguilera | Chris Mann | "Viva la Vida" | Public's vote |
| Last Chance Performances | | | | |
| 1 | Christina Aguilera | Ashley de la Rosa | "You and I" | Eliminated |
| 2 | | Lindsey Pavao | "Please Don't Go" | Christina's Choice |
| 3 | Blake Shelton | Erin Willett | "Proud Mary" | Blake's Choice |
| 4 | | RaeLynn | "If I Die Young" | Eliminated |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Christina Aguilera, her 4 finalists (Jesse Campbell, Ashley De La Rosa, Lindsey Pavao and Chris Mann), and the Crenshaw High School choir | "Fighter" |
| 2 | Maroon 5 featuring Wiz Khalifa | "Payphone" |
| 3 | Blake Shelton and his 4 Finalists (Erin Willett, RaeLynn, Jermaine Paul and Jordis Unga) | "Heartache Tonight" |

### Week 4 (April 23 & 24)

The live performance show aired on Monday, April 23, 2012, and results show were aired Tuesday, April 24, 2012. Similar to the previous week, coaches have to instantly eliminate an artist after the performance show, leaving the three remaining artists facing the public vote. The second week feature Teams Adam and Team CeeLo.

| Order | Coach | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | CeeLo Green | Jamar Rogers | "It's My Life" | Public's vote |
| 2 | Adam Levine | Katrina Parker | "Jar of Hearts" | Middle two |
| 3 | | Mathai | "I'm Like a Bird" | Middle two |
| 4 | CeeLo Green | James Massone | "Just the Way You Are" | Eliminated |
| 5 | Adam Levine | Tony Lucca | "...Baby One More Time" | Public's vote |
| 6 | CeeLo Green | Cheesa | "I Have Nothing" | Middle two |
| 7 | Adam Levine | Pip | "Somewhere Only We Know" | Eliminated |
| 8 | CeeLo Green | Juliet Simms | "Cryin'" | Middle two |
| Last Chance Performances | | | | |
| 1 | Adam Levine | Mathai | "Cowboy Casanova" | Eliminated |
| 2 | | Katrina Parker | "Perfect" | Adam's Choice |
| 3 | CeeLo Green | Cheesa | "Already Gone" | Eliminated |
| 4 | | Juliet Simms | "Torn" | CeeLo's Choice |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | CeeLo Green and his 4 Finalists (Jamar Rogers, James Massone, Cheesa and Juliet Simms) | "Dancing in the Street" |
| 2 | Goodie Mob and CeeLo Green | "Fight to Win" |
| 3 | Adam Levine and his 4 finalists (Katrina Parker, Mathai, Pip, and Tony Lucca) | "Instant Karma!" |

### Week 5: Semifinals (April 30 & May 1)

The live performance show aired on Monday, April 30, 2012, with the elimination show following on Tuesday, May 1, 2012. In deciding on which artist would represent in the finale, both the coach as well as the public vote made up were given an equal say. Each coach was given 100 points to divide them how they wanted to their respective team artists. The public also had 100 points to be split for the artists of each team. The artist (for the team) which received a higher combined score advances to the finals.

Season one finalists Dia Frampton, Vicci Martinez, Beverly McClellan, and Javier Colon returned on the results show to perform duets (with the exception of Colon). Frampton performed her new single, "Don't Kick the Chair", with Kid Cudi. Martinez partnered with her season one coach CeeLo Green for her song, "Come Along." McClellan joined Cyndi Lauper to perform Lauper's "Money Changes Everything." Colon performed his newest single, "A Drop in the Ocean."

| Order | Coach | Contestant | Song | Coach points | Public points | Total points | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Adam Levine | Tony Lucca | "How You Like Me Now?" | 60 | 48 | 108 | Advanced to Finals |
| 2 | Blake Shelton | Erin Willett | "Without You" | 50 | 27 | 77 | Eliminated |
| 3 | Christina Aguilera | Chris Mann | "Ave Maria" | 50 | 54 | 104 | Advanced to Finals |
| 4 | CeeLo Green | Jamar Rogers | "If You Don't Know Me by Now" | 40 | 39 | 79 | Eliminated |
| 5 | Blake Shelton | Jermaine Paul | "Open Arms" | 50 | 73 | 123 | Advanced to Finals |
| 6 | Adam Levine | Katrina Parker | "Killing Me Softly With His Song" | 40 | 52 | 92 | Eliminated |
| 7 | Christina Aguilera | Lindsey Pavao | "Skinny Love" | 50 | 46 | 96 | Eliminated |
| 8 | CeeLo Green | Juliet Simms | "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" | 60 | 61 | 121 | Advanced to Finals |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Team Adam & Team CeeLo (Tony Lucca, Katrina Parker, Jamar Rogers and Juliet Simms) | "All These Things That I've Done" |
| 2 | Blake Shelton | "Over" |
| 3 | Team Blake & Team Christina (Erin Willett, Jermaine Paul, Chris Mann and Lindsey Pavao) | "The Edge of Glory" |

### Week 6: Finale (May 7 & 8)

The live performance show aired on Monday, May 7, 2012, with the final results show following on Tuesday, May 8, 2012. Each finalist performed a solo cover song, a duet with their coach, and a song dedicated to the coach.

| Coach | Artist | Order | Solo song | Order | Coach tribute song | Order | Duet song (with Coach) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Blake Shelton | Jermaine Paul | 1 | "I Believe I Can Fly" | 8 | "God Gave Me You" | 10 | "Soul Man" | **Winner** |
| CeeLo Green | Juliet Simms | 12 | "Free Bird" | 2 | "Crazy" | 6 | "Born to Be Wild" | Runner-up |
| Christina Aguilera | Chris Mann | 9 | "You Raise Me Up" | 5 | "The Voice Within" | 3 | "The Prayer" | Fourth place |
| Adam Levine | Tony Lucca | 4 | "99 Problems" | 11 | "Harder to Breathe" | 7 | "Yesterday" | Third place |

|
|  |
Finale performances of the Top 4 artists
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jermaine Paul (with Pip, James Massone & Jamar Rogers) | "I Want You Back" |
| 2 | Chris Mann (with Katrina Parker & Lindsey Pavao) | "Bitter Sweet Symphony" |
| 3 | Juliet Simms (with Jamar Rogers, RaeLynn & Erin Willett) | "With A Little Help From My Friends" |
| 4 | Tony Lucca and Jordis Unga | "Go Your Own Way" |

|
|  |
Finale performances of the Guest names
| Order | Performers | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1.71 | Flo Rida and Juliet Simms | "Whistle" and "Wild Ones" |
| 1.72 | Hall & Oates (with Chris Mann, Tony Lucca, and Jermaine Paul) | "Rich Girl" |
| 1.73 | Lady Antebellum | "Wanted You More" |
| 1.74 | Justin Bieber | "Boyfriend" |

Note: The golden colored songs are the iTunes top ten bonuses as well as the bolded names.

## Elimination chart

Color key Artist's info   Results info

|
|  |
Live show results per week
| Artist | | Week 1 Playoffs | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 Finale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  | Jermaine Paul | Safe |  | Safe |  | Advanced | Winner |
|  | Juliet Simms |  | Safe |  | Bottom two | Advanced | Runner-up |
|  | Tony Lucca |  | Safe |  | Safe | Advanced | 3rd place |
|  | Chris Mann | Safe |  | Safe |  | Advanced | 4th place |
|  | Katrina Parker |  | Bottom three |  | Bottom two | Eliminated | Eliminated (Week 5) |
|  | Lindsey Pavao | Safe |  | Bottom two |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Jamar Rogers |  | Safe |  | Safe | | Eliminated |
|  | Erin Willett | Safe |  | Bottom two |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Cheesa |  | Bottom three |  | Bottom two | Eliminated (Week 4) | |
|  | Mathai |  | Safe |  | | Bottom two |
|  | James Massone |  | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Pip |  | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Ashley De La Rosa | Bottom three |  | Bottom two | Eliminated (Week 3) | | |
|  | RaeLynn | Safe |  | | Bottom two |
|  | Jesse Campbell | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Jordis Unga | Bottom three |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Karla Davis |  | Bottom three | Eliminated (Week 2) | | | |
|  | Erin Martin |  | | Bottom three |
|  | Tony Vincent |  | | Bottom three |
|  | Kim Yarbrough |  | | Bottom three |
|  | Sera Hill | Bottom three | Eliminated (Week 1) | | | | |
|  | Naia Kete | | Bottom three |
|  | Charlotte Sometimes | | Bottom three |
|  | Moses Stone | | Bottom three |

## Performances by guests/coaches

| Episode | Show segment | Performer(s) | Title | Hot 100 reaction | Hot Digital Songs reaction | Performance type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 | Live Rounds week 1 results | Gym Class Heroes ft. Neon Hitch (backed by Team Adam's Top 6) | "Ass Back Home" | 17 (+2) | 30 (+2) | live performance |
| 13 | Live Rounds week 2 results | Jessie J (backed by Team Christina's Top 4) | "Domino" | 28 (-3) | 44 (+5) | live performance |
| 14 | Quarter-Finals week 1 | Maroon 5 ft. Wiz Khalifa | "Payphone" | 3 (debut) | 1 (debut) | live performance |
| 15 | Quarter-Final week 1 results | The Wanted (backed by Team Blake's Top 3) | "Chasing the Sun" | 111 (debut) | did not chart | live performance |
| | | Justin Bieber | "Boyfriend" | 4 (+1) | 4 (=) | music video teaser |
| 16 | Quarter-Finals week 2 | Goodie Mob | "Fight to Win" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| 17 | Quarter-Final week 2 results | Florence and the Machine (backed by Team CeeLo's Top 3 | "No Light, No Light" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| 18 | Semi-Finals | Blake Shelton | "Over" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| 19 | Semi-Final results | Dia Frampton ft. Kid Cudi | "Don't Kick the Chair" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| | | Vicci Martinez ft. Cee Lo Green | "Come Along" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| | | Cyndi Lauper (with Beverly McClellan) | "Money Changes Everything" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| | | Javier Colon | "A Drop in the Ocean" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| 21 | Final results | Flo Rida | "Whistle" | 77 (+18) | 28 (+11) | live performance |
| | | Flo Rida (with Juliet Simms) | "Wild Ones" | 5 (=) | 7 (+2) | live performance |
| | | Hall & Oates (with Tony Lucca, Chris Mann, and Jermaine Paul) | "Rich Girl" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| | | Lady Antebellum | "Wanted You More" | did not chart | did not chart | live performance |
| | | Justin Bieber | "Boyfriend" | 9 (-1) | 4 (+1) | live performance |

## Ratings

Season two premiered following NBC's broadcast of Super Bowl XLVI, and was watched by 37.6 million viewers with a 16.3 rating in the key 18–49 demographic, making it the highest rated Super Bowl lead-out program since *Grey's Anatomy* in 2006.

| # | Episode | Original air date | Production | Timeslot (ET) | Viewers
(millions) | Rating/share
(adults
18-49) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Blind Auditions Premiere, Part 1" | February 5, 2012 | 201 | Sunday 10:21pm | 37.61 | 16.3/37 |
| 2 | "The Blind Auditions Premiere, Part 2" | February 6, 2012 | 202 | Monday 8:00pm | 17.84 | 6.7/17 |
| 3 | "The Blind Auditions, Part 3" | February 13, 2012 | 203 | | 16.28 | 6.0/15 |
| 4 | "The Blind Auditions, Part 4" | February 20, 2012 | 204 | | 16.04 | 6.0/15 |
| 5 | "The Blind Auditions, Part 5" | February 27, 2012 | 205 | | 14.89 | 5.4/14 |
| 6 | "Let the Battles Begin" | March 5, 2012 | 206 | | 16.85 | 6.2/16 |
| 7 | "The Battles, Part 2" | March 12, 2012 | 207 | | 14.51 | 5.2/14 |
| 8 | "The Battles, Part 3" | March 19, 2012 | 208 | | 11.95 | 4.6/12 |
| 9 | "The Battles, Part 4" | March 26, 2012 | 209 | | 12.00 | 4.5/12 |
| 10 | "Live Performance, Week 1" | April 2, 2012 | 210 | | 10.67 | 4.1/11 |
| 11 | "Results, Week 1" | April 3, 2012 | 210A | Tuesday 9:00pm | 8.45 | 3.2/9 |
| 12 | "Live Performance, Week 2" | April 9, 2012 | 211 | Monday 8:00pm | 10.52 | 4.0/11 |
| 13 | "Live Results, Four Go Home, Week 2" | April 10, 2012 | 211A | Tuesday 9:00pm | 9.00 | 3.5/9 |
| 14 | "The Quarterfinals, Part 1" | April 16, 2012 | 212 | Monday 8:00pm | 10.02 | 3.7/10 |
| 15 | "Quarterfinals: Live Results" | April 17, 2012 | 212A | Tuesday 9:00pm | 8.86 | 3.3/9 |
| 16 | "Quarterfinals, Part 2" | April 23, 2012 | 213 | Monday 8:00pm | 10.31 | 3.8/10 |
| 17 | "Quarterfinals Results, Week 2" | April 24, 2012 | 213A | Tuesday 9:00pm | 8.93 | 3.4/8 |
| 18 | "Semifinals: Live Performance" | April 30, 2012 | 214 | Monday 8:00pm | 9.52 | 3.5/9 |
| 19 | "Semifinals Results" | May 1, 2012 | 214A | Tuesday 9:00pm | 8.90 | 3.1/8 |
| 20 | "Live Finale Performance" | May 7, 2012 | 215 | Monday 8:00pm | 10.74 | 3.8/10 |
| 21 | "Live Finale Results" | May 8, 2012 | 215A | Tuesday 9:00pm | 11.90 | 4.4/11 |

## Artists' appearances in other media

General * "*The Voice* \- Season 2 Episode Guide". NBC.com. Retrieved June 15, 2013.

Specific

## InfoBox

| *The Voice* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 2 | |
| Promotional poster | |
|  | |
| Hosted by | Carson Daly
Christina Milian (social media) |
| Coaches | Adam Levine
CeeLo Green
Christina Aguilera
Blake Shelton |
| No. of contestants | 48 artists |
| Winner | Jermaine Paul |
| Winning coach | Blake Shelton |
| Runner-up | Juliet Simms |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network | NBC |
| Original release | February 5 (2012-02-05)
May 8, 2012 (2012-05-08) |
| Season chronology | |


title: WNWS

abstract:
WNWS refers to the following broadcasting stations in the United States:
  - WNWS (AM), a radio station licensed to Brownsville, Tennessee
  - WNWS-FM, a radio station licensed to Jackson, Tennessee
  - WAXY (AM), a radio station licensed to South Miami, Florida, which held the call sign WNWS from 1976 to 1990
  - WQHT, a radio station licensed to New York, New York, which held the call sign WNWS-FM from 1975 to 1977

text:
# WNWS

**WNWS** refers to the following broadcasting stations in the United States:

* WNWS (AM), a radio station (1520 AM) licensed to Brownsville, Tennessee
* WNWS-FM, a radio station (101.5 FM) licensed to Jackson, Tennessee
* WAXY (AM), a radio station (790 AM) licensed to South Miami, Florida, which held the call sign WNWS from 1976 to 1990
* WQHT, a radio station (97.1 FM) licensed to New York, New York, which held the call sign WNWS-FM from 1975 to 1977


title: Hiroshi Uchiyamada and Cool Five

abstract: Hiroshi Uchiyamada and Cool Five are a Japanese kayōkyoku group, formed by Hiroshi Uchiyamada in 1967 and fronted by the lead vocalist Kiyoshi Maekawa. In 1969, the group debuted with the 11th Japan Record Award-winning song "Nagasaki wa Kyou mo Ame datta". They enjoyed a highly successful career mainly during the first half of the 1970s, producing numerous hit singles including "Awazu ni Aishite", "Uwasa no Onna","Soshite, Kōbe", "Nakanoshima Blues" and "Tokyo Sabaku". They lost popularity after the departure of their frontman in the late 1980s, and their career went into hiatus after the band lineup was radically altered around the 1990s. After the band's founder died of lung cancer in 2006, the remaining members, including Maekawa, reunited.

text:
# Hiroshi Uchiyamada and Cool Five

**Hiroshi Uchiyamada and Cool Five** (内山田洋とクール・ファイブ, *Uchiyamada Hiroshi to Kūru Faibu*) are a Japanese kayōkyoku group, formed by **Hiroshi Uchiyamada** (born **Michio Uchiyamada**, 1936–2006) in 1967 and fronted by the lead vocalist Kiyoshi Maekawa.

In 1969, the group debuted with the 11th Japan Record Award-winning song "Nagasaki wa Kyou mo Ame datta". They enjoyed a highly successful career mainly during the first half of the 1970s, producing numerous hit singles including "Awazu ni Aishite", "Uwasa no Onna","Soshite, Kōbe", "Nakanoshima Blues" and "Tokyo Sabaku". They lost popularity after the departure of their frontman in the late 1980s, and their career went into hiatus after the band lineup was radically altered around the 1990s.

After the band's founder died of lung cancer in 2006, the remaining members, including Maekawa, reunited.

## Band members

| 1967–1987 | * **Hiroshi Uchiyamada** (内山田 洋, *Uchiyamada Hiroshi*)(birthname: **Michio Uchiyamada** (内山田 道生, *Uchiyamada Michio;*, June 6, 1936  November 3, 2006) \- guitars, vocals * **Kiyoshi Maekawa** (前川 清, *Maekawa Kiyoshi*)(August 19, 1948 ) \- lead vocals * **Masaki Kobayashi** (小林 正樹, *Kobayashi Masaki*)(January 1, 1943 ) \- bass guitar, vocals * **Etsuro Miyamoto** (宮本 悦朗, *Miyamoto Etsurou*)(January 15, 1948 ) \- keyboards, piano, vocals * **Shigemi Iwaki** (岩城 茂美, *Iwaki Shigemi*)(January 5, 1943 ) \- saxophone, flute, vocals * **Shigeru Morimoto** (森本 繁, *Morimoto Shigeru*)(January 23, 1942 ) \- drums, vocals |
| --- | --- |
|

## Discography

### Charting singles on the Japanese Oricon

| Year | Single | Chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | JP
 |
| 1969 | "Nagasaki wa Kyō mo Ame Datta (長崎は今日も雨だった)" | 2 |
| | "Wakare Ame (わかれ雨)" | 32 |
| | "Awazu ni Aishite (逢わずに愛して)" | 1 |
| 1970 | "Ai no Tabiji wo (愛の旅路を)" | 4 |
| | "Uwasa no Onna (噂の女)" | 2 |
| | "Ai no Itazura (愛のいたずら)" | 10 |
| 1971 | "Subete wo Aishite (すべてを愛して)" | 24 |
| | "Onna no Iji (女の意地)" | 43 |
| | "Onna no Kuyashisa (女のくやしさ)" | 26 |
| | "Minato no Wakareuta (港の別れ唄)" | 11 |
| | "Hiren (悲恋)" | 22 |
| 1972 | "Kono Ai ni Ikite (この愛に生きて)" | 7 |
| | "Koiuta (恋唄)" | 14 |
| | "Soshite, Kōbe (そして、神戸)" | 6 |
| 1973 | "Otokonaki (男泣き)" | 14 |
| | "Shussen (出船)" | 15 |
| | "Umidori no Naku Hi ni (海鳥の鳴く日に)" | 24 |
| | "Kokorogawari (心がわり)" | 32 |
| 1974 | "Ame no Shinobiai (雨のしのび逢い)" | 41 |
| | "Banka (晩夏)" | 64 |
| | "Uminari (海鳴り)" | 45 |
| 1975 | "Uwasa (うわさ)" | 41 |
| | "Kita Hotel (北ホテル, *Kita Hoteru*)" | 31 |
| | "Nakanoshima Blues (中の島ブルース, *Nakanoshima Brūsu*)" | 9 |
| | "Futari no Midousuji (二人の御堂筋)" | 44 |
| 1976 | "Kimagure Ame (気まぐれ雨)" | 40 |
| | "Tokyo Sabaku (東京砂漠)" | 19 |
| | "Onna no Kawa (女の河)" | 53 |
| 1977 | "Saikai Blues (西海ブルース, *Nakanoshima Brūsu*)" | 20 |
| | "Futari no Kaikyou (二人の海峡)" | 57 |
| | "Omoikiri Bashi (思いきり橋)" | 45 |
| | "Minato no Wasuregusa (港の忘れ草)" | 76 |
| 1978 | "Ai no Tobira (愛の扉)" | 91 |
| | "Sayounara no Kanata e (さようならの彼方へ)" | 56 |
| | "Mukashi ga Arukara (昔があるから)" | 91 |
| 1979 | "Akirame Waltz (あきらめワルツ, *Akirame Warutsu*)" | 83 |
| 1980 | "Last Song" | 87 |
| | "Miwaku Shape Up (魅惑・シェイプアップ, *Miwaku Sheipu Appu*)" | 93 |
| 1984 | "Koi Saguri Yume Saguri (恋さぐり 夢さぐり)" | 58 |
|

* The group released over 50 singles until Kiyoshi Maekawa left the band in 1987, and those sales have been estimated more than 5.9 million copies.

## Kōhaku Uta Gassen appearances

| Year | # | Song | No. | VS | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1969 (Showa 44)/20th | 1 | Nagasaki Wa Kyoumo Amedatta (长崎は今日も雨だった) | 19/23 | Pinky & Killers |  |
| 1970 (Showa 45)/21st | 2 | Uwasa No Onna (噂の女) | 13/24 | Ryoko Moriyama |  |
| 1971 (Showa 46)/22nd | - | Minato No Wakareuta (港の別れ唄) | -/25 | Fuji Keiko (original schedule) | Absent because of Kiyoshi Maekawa's illness.
Replaced by Fuji Keiko and Four Leaves. |
| 1974 (Showa 49)/25th | 3 | Uminari (海鳴り) | 18/25 | Mari Amachi | Returned after 3 years |
| 1975 (Showa 50)/26th | 4 | Naka No Shima Blues (中の島ブルース) | 12/24 | Mina Aoe |  |
| 1976 (Showa 51)/27th | 5 | Tokyo Sabaku (東京砂漠) | 6/24 | Naomi Sagara |  |
| 1977 (Showa 52)/28th | 6 | Omoikiri Hashi (思い切り橋) | 17/24 | Mina Aoe (2) |  |
| 1978 (Showa 53)/29th | 7 | Hashigo Sake (さようならの彼方へ) | 15/24 | Hiromi Ōta |  |
| 1979 (Showa 54)/30th | 8 | Hashigo Sake (昔があるから) | 19/23 | Sayuri Ishikawa |  |
| 1980 (Showa 55)/31st | 9 | Hashigo Sake (魅惑・シェイプアップ) | 10/23 | Rumiko Koyanagi |  |
| 1981 (Showa 56)/32nd | 10 | Hashigo Sake (女・こぬか雨) | 19/22 | Sachiko Kobayashi |  |
| 1982 (Showa 57)/33th | 11 | Uwasa No Onna (2) | 16/22 | Miyuki Kawanaka |  |
| 2006 (Heisei 18)/57th | - | Nagasaki Wa Kyou Mo Amedatta | 12/27 | Masako Mori | Participate under the name of Kiyoshi Maekawa |
| 2007 (Heisei 19)/58th | | Soshite Koube (そして、神戸) | 8/27 | Kaori Mizumori | |
| 2008 (Heisei 20)/59th | | Tokyo Sabaku | 8/27 | Miyuki Kawanaka | |

## InfoBox

| Hiroshi Uchiyamada and Cool Five | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Kiyoshi Maekawa and Cool Five
Cool Five |
| Origin | Japan |
| Genres | Kayōkyoku, enka, pop |
| Years active | 19671990s
2006present |
| Labels | Victor Entertainment
BMG Japan |
|  | |
| Members | Kiyoshi Maekawa
Etsuro Miyamoto
Masaki Kobayashi
Masashi Osawa
Ryoma Nishida
Tetsuya Yamagami |
|  | |
| Past members | Hiroshi Uchiyamada
Takayuki Miyauchi
Shigemi Iwaki
Shigeru Morimoto |


title: Untersberg

abstract: The Untersberg is the northernmost massif of the Berchtesgaden Alps, a prominent spur straddling the border between Berchtesgaden, Germany and Salzburg, Austria. The highest peak of the table-top mountain is the Berchtesgaden Hochthron at 1,973 metres (6,473 ft). The landmark gained international fame as the "distinctive, lopsided peak" featured at the beginning and end of the 1965 movie The Sound of Music, although the filming was done on the German side, not the Austrian side. It was where Julie Andrews sang The Hills Are Alive at the opening scene and where the family climbed the mountain on their escape to Switzerland at the end of the film. The mountain also lends its name to an 1829 opera, Der Untersberg, by Johann Nepomuk von Poißl (1783–1865).

text:
# Untersberg

The **Untersberg** is the northernmost massif of the Berchtesgaden Alps, a prominent spur straddling the border between Berchtesgaden, Germany and Salzburg, Austria. The highest peak of the table-top mountain is the Berchtesgaden Hochthron at 1,973 metres (6,473 ft).

The landmark gained international fame as the "distinctive, lopsided peak" featured at the beginning and end of the 1965 movie *The Sound of Music*, although the filming was done on the German side, not the Austrian side. It was where Julie Andrews sang *The Hills Are Alive* at the opening scene and where the family climbed the mountain on their escape to Switzerland at the end of the film.

The mountain also lends its name to an 1829 opera, *Der Untersberg,* by Johann Nepomuk von Poißl (1783–1865).

## Geography

The Untersberg rises at the rim of the Northern Limestone Alps, immediately at the Salzburg Basin and the broad Salzach Valley. Neighbouring peaks are the Hoher Göll in the southeast and Mt. Watzmann in the south, beyond the Berchtesgaden Basin. In the northwest, the Saalach Valley with Bad Reichenhall separates it from the Hochstaufen massif of the Chiemgau Alps. About two-thirds of the area, including the Berchtesgaden Hochthron peak, is located in Germany, while the northernmost steep edge above Salzburg belongs to Austria.

The mountain is a landmark popular with tourists, due to its proximity to the City of Salzburg: less than 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the city centre and within easy reach, e.g. by bus lines running to the southern suburbs of Grödig and Großgmain.

Several trails lead to the top, though most people prefer the *Untersbergbahn* cable car. Constructed over a period of over two years, and opening in April 1961, the eight and a half minute journey lifts passengers from the lower terminus at the village of Sankt Leonhard at 456 m (1,496 ft) over 1,320 m (4,330 ft) to the top station on the Geiereck spur at an altitude of 1,776 m (5,827 ft), transporting them a horizontal distance of almost 2.5 km (1.6 mi) with a maximum height above the ground of 286 m (938 ft).

The first recorded ascent was in the first half of the 12th century, by Eberwein, a member of the Augustinian monastery at Berchtesgaden.

### Peaks

* Berchtesgaden Hochthron: 1,973 m (6,473 ft)
* Rauheck: 1,892 m (6,207 ft)
* Gamsalpkopf: 1,888 m (6,194 ft)
* Salzburg Hochthron: 1,853 m (6,079 ft)
* Mitterberg: 1,840 m (6,040 ft)
* Geiereck: 1,806 m (5,925 ft)

## Geology

The Untersberg massif is mainly made up of limestone. Within it, the Upper Cretaceous Gosau Group is the source of a pale cream, rose to gray yellow, massive and very dense limestone known as the *Untersberg Marble*. This building stone is a fine to medium grained (partially breccious) arenite that forms the facade of notable buildings such as Salzburg Cathedral.

The Karst topography of the limestone includes numerous caves. So far, more than 400 have been explored—including the Schellenberg ice cave at an elevation of 1,570 m (5,150 ft), a show cave since 1925, and the Kolowrat cave with a 300 m (980 ft) high dome. The Riesending cave with a depth of 1,148 m (3,766 ft) and a length of 19.5 km (12.1 mi) is the largest known in Germany. There also is a lake at 930 m (3,050 ft) depth. An expedition in August 2008 revealed that its lowest point had not yet been reached.

## Legend

First mentioned as *Vndarnsperch* ("Noon Mountain") in a 1306 deed issued by the Salzburg archbishops, the prominent spur has been the subject of numerous myths and legends. According to a popular king asleep in mountain legend, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa shall remain asleep inside Mt. Untersberg until his resurrection. His beard is said to be growing longer and longer around a round table and to have grown round two times. Myth says that when the beard has grown three times around the table the end of the world has come. When Frederick leaves the mountain, there will be no further Holy Roman Emperor and the last great battle of humankind will be fought at the pear tree on the Walserfeld, a pasture near Wals, west of Salzburg. There is a similar legend for the Kyffhäuser Mountain in Thuringia and Trifels Castle.

Other legends say that it is Charlemagne waiting inside the Untersberg, taken care of by the *Untersberger Mandln*, small dwarf-like creatures. Every hundred years he awakes and when he sees the ravens (actually choughs) still flying around the Untersberg he sleeps for another century. Indeed, Charlemagne had held a synod in Salzburg in 803 AD, where he met with Bishop Arno. The Alpine tradition of the Untersberg Wild Hunt (*Perchten*) has recently been revived. There are also several legends about the cave system below the mountain.

## Marble ball mills

The Untersberger marble ball mills are located in Marktschellenberg in Berchtesgaden, at the opening of the Almbachklamm valley.

The *Kugelmühlen* (ball mills) were established in 1683. Once popular children's toys, these marbles were shipped all over the world. Through Rotterdam and London, marble shipping was directed toward the East and West Indies and exported at the rate of 60,000 to 80,000 (and sometimes as high as 100,000) pounds per year. Marbles were welcome as cargo in sailing ships, as they were suitable as ballast because of their high density. The last marbles went from Untersberg to London in 1921.

As late as the 1850s, the Almbach valley had 40 ball mills with another 90 in the surrounding region, worked mainly by poor mountain farmers. Today, a single ball mill operates primarily as a tourist attraction.

The ball mills were driven by the waters of the Almbach river. The lower fixed grinding stones are made of hard sandstone and the upper turntables from beech wood. Grinding of the balls varies from two to eight days according to their size. After coarse grinding on the sandstone, the marble balls underwent sanding and a polish.

## InfoBox

| Untersberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Untersberg seen from Salzburg | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,973 m (6,473 ft)
(Berchtesgaden Hochthron) |
| Prominence | 1,084 m (3,556 ft) |
| Isolation | 11.5 km (7.1 mi) Hoher Göll-Mannlgrat |
| Coordinates | 47°42′19″N 12°58′45″E / 47.70528°N 12.97917°E / 47.70528; 12.97917 |
| Geography | |
| UntersbergLocation in the Alps | |
| Location | Bavaria, Germany
Salzburg, Austria |
| Parent range | Berchtesgaden Alps |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 12th century |


title: Archiminolia wanganellica

abstract: Archiminolia wanganellica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

text:
# Archiminolia wanganellica

***Archiminolia wanganellica*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

## Description

The diameter of the shell attains 8.6 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand and occurs off the Norfolk Ridge at a depth of 113 m.

## InfoBox

| *Archiminolia wanganellica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Solariellidae |
| Genus: | *Archiminolia* |
| Species: | ***A. wanganellica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Archiminolia wanganellica***<br>Marshall, 1999 | |
|


title: Indiana State Prison

abstract: The Indiana State Prison is a maximum security Indiana Department of Correction prison for adult males; however, minimum security housing also exists on the confines. It is located in Michigan City, Indiana, about 50 miles (80 km) east of Chicago. The average daily inmate population in November 2006 was 2,200, 2,165 in 2011. The Indiana State Prison was established in 1860. It was the second state prison in Indiana. One of the most famous prisoners to be in the Michigan City prison was bank robber John Dillinger, who was released on parole in 1933. The prison houses all the male death row inmates in the state. It appeared in the ITV documentary Inside Death Row with Trevor McDonald. Indiana plans to close the prison in Michigan City after a new prison opens in Westville.

text:
# Indiana State Prison

**The Indiana State Prison** is a maximum security Indiana Department of Correction prison for adult males; however, minimum security housing also exists on the confines. It is located in Michigan City, Indiana, about 50 miles (80 km) east of Chicago. The average daily inmate population in November 2006 was 2,200, 2,165 in 2011. The Indiana State Prison was established in 1860. It was the second state prison in Indiana. One of the most famous prisoners to be in the Michigan City prison was bank robber John Dillinger, who was released on parole in 1933.

The prison houses all the male death row inmates in the state. It appeared in the ITV documentary *Inside Death Row* with Trevor McDonald.

Indiana plans to close the prison in Michigan City after a new prison opens in Westville.

## History

The history of the Indiana State Prison dates back to 1859 when the state legislature granted $50,000 for a new state prison. It was named "State Prison West"; as opposed to "State Prison East" which was the first state prison located in Jeffersonville, Indiana (and later moved to nearby Clarksville). The prison space at Jeffersonville became too scarce, calling for a new prison to be built in Michigan City. Later, State Prison South became the Indiana Reformatory and State Prison North became known as Indiana State Prison.

In 1860, 100 acres (0.40 km2) in Michigan City were purchased for $4,500. The first warden, Charles Seely, was the superintendent in charge of construction and was the general handyman. The first building was the Temporary Prison Building which was 200 feet (61 m) long and made of red brick. A year after Michigan City Prison opened, prison labor outside of the institution started; inmates were employed at a cooperage firm making barrels, receiving 38 cents a day. The first prison school was started in 1861 where prisoners would learn from the chaplain five days a week. Later the prison started charging 25 cents per visitor to boost prison revenue.

At the turn of the century, the prison was increased to twice its size. By 1930 prisoners were placed in two cell houses that contained 230 and 340 cells respectively, and three dormitories, which were considered among the best in the country. During that same time period, 900 acres (3.6 km2) of farmland were in use by the prison on land leased by the state. A hospital was built in 1943 that was almost 1,000 square feet (93 m2). In the late 1950s, arguably one of the finest state recreational facilities was opened at the prison.

From 1960 to 1990, only minor renovations were implemented at the State Prison. In 1992, a new type of food door with locking capability for each cell was designed. A year later, the first hot meal was served in the dining room, and in that same year, the inmates received three meals a day for the first time. Soon thereafter, a new riot system was put into effect in Dormitories E and F.

Michigan City is known for having housed two famous inmates during its tenure. John Dillinger spent time in Michigan City from 1929 until he was paroled in 1933. A few months after Dillinger made parole, on September 26, ten inmates, including Harry Pierpont, Charles Makley, Russell Lee Clarke and Ed Shouse, escaped thanks to the help of three pistols Dillinger had smuggled into the prison.

The other especially famous inmate was D.C. Stephenson. In 1922 Stephenson became one of the most powerful Grand Dragons of the Ku Klux Klan. In 1925 he raped a woman named Madge Oberholtzer. She died a month later from either poison or bite marks from being raped. That same year he was convicted of second degree murder and was sent to the Indiana State Prison for 31 years.

Michigan City had a cemetery for prisoners when the prison first opened in 1860; however, that cemetery no longer exists. The new prison cemetery in Michigan City has around 350 prisoners buried on the premises. Sam Thomas was the first offender buried in the new cemetery on June 10, 1927.

Before 1913 all executions in Indiana were done by hanging. On February 20, 1914, the first electrocution occurred. From 1913 to 1994 executions were performed via electric chair. Lethal injection has been used in Indiana from 1995 up to the present. Currently all state executions must be carried out in the Indiana State Prison. The prison also has or had a cat adoption program. This program has been exceptionally successful at finding new homes for felines previously owned by prison inmates.

## Notable inmates

### Current

* William Clyde Gibson – Serial killer convicted of three murders. On death row.
* Joseph Edward Corcoran \- Convicted killer found guilty of murdering his brother, his sister's fiancé and two friends in 1997. On death row awaiting execution on December 18, 2024.

### Former

* Howard Allen – Serial killer convicted of three murders. Formerly on death row; sentence commuted. Died of natural causes in 2020.

### Executed

* Steven Timothy Judy – Executed March 9, 1981, via electric chair. The first person executed in Indiana since the reinstatement of the death penalty.
* Alan Matheney – Executed September 28, 2005, via lethal injection.
* Matthew Eric Wrinkles – Executed December 11, 2009, via lethal injection. Currently the last person executed in Indiana.

## Further reading

*A History of the Indiana State Prison:* 1860-1910, by William G. Hinkle, Mellen Press, 2020

41°42′11″N 86°55′2″W / 41.70306°N 86.91722°W / 41.70306; -86.91722

## InfoBox

Indiana State Prison
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Michigan City, Indiana |
| Status | open |
| Security class | mixed |
| Capacity | 2434 |
| Opened | 1860 (1860) |
| Managed by | Indiana Department of Correction |


title: Iris lazica

abstract: Iris lazica, the Lazistan iris, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae, native to the Black Sea coast of Turkey and Georgia, and also cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. Growing to 30 cm (12 in) tall, it is a beardless rhizomatous iris with broad evergreen leaves, producing stemless flowers which are shorter in stature than the foliage, and which appear in late winter or early spring. The flower colour is typically pale lilac. Exceptionally for an iris in its group, this species prefers moist conditions and will tolerate some shade. Iris lazica has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

text:
# Iris lazica

***Iris lazica***, the **Lazistan iris**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae, native to the Black Sea coast of Turkey and Georgia, and also cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. Growing to 30 cm (12 in) tall, it is a beardless rhizomatous iris with broad evergreen leaves, producing stemless flowers which are shorter in stature than the foliage, and which appear in late winter or early spring. The flower colour is typically pale lilac. Exceptionally for an iris in its group, this species prefers moist conditions and will tolerate some shade.

*Iris lazica* has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## InfoBox

| *Iris lazica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Iridaceae |
| Genus: | *Iris* |
| Subgenus: | *Iris* subg. *Limniris* |
| Section: | *Iris sect. Limniris* |
| Series: | *Iris ser. Unguiculares* |
| Species: | ***I. lazica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Iris lazica***<br>Albov | |
|


title: Pramlintide

abstract: Pramlintide is an injectable amylin analogue drug for diabetes, developed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals. Pramlintide is sold as an acetate salt.

text:
# Pramlintide

**Pramlintide** (trade name **Symlin**) is an injectable amylin analogue drug for diabetes (both type 1 and 2), developed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals (now a wholly owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca). Pramlintide is sold as an acetate salt.

## Pharmacology

Pramlintide is an analogue of amylin, a small peptide hormone that is released into the bloodstream by the β cells of the pancreas along with insulin after a meal. Like insulin, amylin is completely absent in individuals with Type I diabetes.

In synergy with endogenous amylin, pramlintide aids in the regulation of blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying, promoting satiety via hypothalamic receptors (different receptors than for GLP-1), and inhibiting inappropriate secretion of glucagon, a catabolic hormone that opposes the effects of insulin and amylin. Pramlintide also has effects in raising the acute first-phase insulin response threshold following a meal.

Both a reduction in glycated hemoglobin and weight loss have been shown in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes taking pramlintide as an adjunctive therapy.

## Research Applications

In the research field, pramlintide has been experimented with and used as a potential treatment drug. Pramlintide has demonstrated its ability to decrease amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease mouse models.

## Approval

Pramlintide has been approved on 3/16/2005 by the FDA, for use by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who use insulin.(subscription required) Pramlintide allows patients to use less insulin, lowers average blood sugar levels, and substantially reduces what otherwise would be a large unhealthy rise in blood sugar that occurs in diabetics right after eating.

Apart from insulin analogs, pramlintide is the only drug approved by the FDA to lower blood sugar in type 1 diabetics since insulin in the early 1920s.

## Design and structure

Since native human amylin is highly amyloidogenic and potentially toxic, the strategy for designing pramlintide was to substitute residues from rat amylin, which is less amyloidogenic but presumably retains clinical activity. Proline residues are known to be structure-breaking residues, so these were directly grafted into the human sequence. Despite its enhanced stability compared to human amylin, however, pramlintide is still able to organize into amyloid material.

Amino acid sequences:

| Pramlintide | `KCNTATCATQRLANFLV**H**SSNN**F**G**PI**L**PP**TNVGSNTY-(NH<sub>2</sub>)` |
| --- | --- |
| Amylin | `KCNTATCATQRLANFLV**H**SSNN**F**G**AI**L**SS**TNVGSNTY-(NH<sub>2</sub>)` |
| Rat amylin | `KCNTATCATQRLANFLV**R**SSNN**L**G**PV**L**PP**TNVGSNTY-(NH<sub>2</sub>)` |

Pramlintide is a positively charged protein.

## InfoBox

Pramlintide
| Golden line indicates disulfide bond | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Symlin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a605031 |
| Routes of
administration | Subcutaneous |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 30 to 40% |
| Protein binding | ~60% |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Elimination half-life | ~48 minutes |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| IUPHAR/BPS |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C171H267N51O53S2 |
| Molar mass | 3949.44 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CC\[C@H\](C)\[C@@H\](C(=O)N\[C@@H\](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC\[C@H\]1C(=O)N2CCC\[C@H\]2C(=O)N\[C@@H\](\[C@@H\](C)O)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N\[C@@H\](CO)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](\[C@@H\](C)O)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](Cc3ccc(cc3)O)C(=O)N)NC(=O)\[C@@H\]4CCCN4C(=O)CNC(=O)\[C@H\](Cc5ccccc5)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CO)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CO)NC(=O)\[C@H\](Cc6cnc\[nH\]6)NC(=O)\[C@H\](C(C)C)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CC(C)C)NC(=O)\[C@H\](Cc7ccccc7)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)\[C@H\](C)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CC(C)C)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)\[C@H\](\[C@@H\](C)O)NC(=O)\[C@H\](C)NC(=O)\[C@@H\]8CSSC\[C@@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N8)\[C@@H\](C)O)C)\[C@@H\](C)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CCCCN)N | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C171H267N51O53S2/c1-21-81(12)130(163(268)207-110(56-78(6)7)169(274)222-53-33-42-118(222)170(275)221-52-32-41-117(221)160(265)219-135(89(20)230)167(272)206-109(66-125(180)238)151(256)212-128(79(8)9)161(266)186-68-126(239)192-111(70-223)154(259)203-107(64-123(178)236)152(257)218-134(88(19)229)166(271)195-98(136(181)241)57-92-43-45-94(231)46-44-92)214-159(264)116-40-31-51-220(116)127(240)69-187-141(246)101(58-90-34-24-22-25-35-90)199-148(253)105(62-121(176)234)201-149(254)106(63-122(177)235)202-155(260)112(71-224)209-156(261)113(72-225)208-146(251)103(60-93-67-184-75-188-93)205-162(267)129(80(10)11)213-150(255)100(55-77(4)5)198-145(250)102(59-91-36-26-23-27-37-91)200-147(252)104(61-120(175)233)196-137(242)82(13)189-144(249)99(54-76(2)3)197-142(247)96(39-30-50-185-171(182)183)193-143(248)97(47-48-119(174)232)194-165(270)132(86(17)227)215-138(243)83(14)190-157(262)114-73-276-277-74-115(210-140(245)95(173)38-28-29-49-172)158(263)204-108(65-124(179)237)153(258)217-131(85(16)226)164(269)191-84(15)139(244)216-133(87(18)228)168(273)211-114/h22-27,34-37,43-46,67,75-89,95-118,128-135,223-231H,21,28-33,38-42,47-66,68-74,172-173H2,1-20H3,(H2,174,232)(H2,175,233)(H2,176,234)(H2,177,235)(H2,178,236)(H2,179,237)(H2,180,238)(H2,181,241)(H,184,188)(H,186,266)(H,187,246)(H,189,249)(H,190,262)(H,191,269)(H,192,239)(H,193,248)(H,194,270)(H,195,271)(H,196,242)(H,197,247)(H,198,250)(H,199,253)(H,200,252)(H,201,254)(H,202,260)(H,203,259)(H,204,263)(H,205,267)(H,206,272)(H,207,268)(H,208,251)(H,209,261)(H,210,245)(H,211,273)(H,212,256)(H,213,255)(H,214,264)(H,215,243)(H,216,244)(H,217,258)(H,218,257)(H,219,265)(H4,182,183,185)/t81-,82-,83-,84-,85+,86+,87+,88+,89+,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-/m0/s1 N * Key:TZIRZGBAFTZREM-MKAGXXMWSA-N N | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |


title: Hammel, Wisconsin

abstract: Hammel is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 735 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Murat is located in the town.

text:
# Hammel, Wisconsin

**Hammel** is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 735 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Murat is located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92.5 km2), of which, 35.5 square miles (91.9 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km2) of it (0.70%) is water.

Geologists believe the last glacier to advance into this area stopped its advance at a line running through northern Hammel, just south of Lake Isadore, then retreated. See the map and discussion in the article on Taylor County.

## History

The six mile (10 km) square that would become Hammel was first surveyed in the summer of 1847 by a crew working for the U.S. government. Then in late 1857 another crew marked all the section corners in the township, walking through the woods and over frozen swamps, measuring with chain and compass. When done, the deputy surveyor filed this general description:

> *This Township contains several Tamarac and Cedar Swamp some of considerable extent and mostly unfit for cultivation. The Surface is generally rolling and 2nd rate soil except on the Black River bottoms it is 1st rate soil. Timber is very heavy all over the Township Chiefly Hemlock Birch Pine Maple Tamarac and Cedar.

Black River enters the Township near the South East corner, it is generally Deep and flows in a gentle Current in a Westerly direction to the South West corner of the Township, not well adapted for good motive power or mills.*

An 1880 map of central Wisconsin shows two roads from Medford reaching the east edge of what would become Hammel.

The Town of Hammel was organized in 1897.

A map from 1900 shows lots of settlement activity, particularly in the east. Some sort of roads followed the course of parts of modern County E along the east edge of the town. A predecessor of modern Perkinstown Avenue spanned the whole township, with short side-roads branching off to north and south. Along it were scattered settlers, three rural schools, and two sawmills. Another road followed the eastern two miles of modern Center Avenue. It too had scattered settlers and a rural school. Another road followed the course of modern Highway 64 and Sawyer Avenue across most of the town, with many settlers and two rural schools. Another followed the course of modern County O, with scattered settlers. Parts of the town, particularly in the west, were still largely unsettled, still mostly in large blocks owned by logging companies like Sawyer & Austin and the Holways. Sawyer's log-driving dam on the Black River was marked at the west edge of the town. The Wisconsin Central Railroad still owned portions of the odd-numbered sections. The railroad had been given most of the odd-numbered sections for 18 miles on both sides of its line through Medford to finance building that railroad line up through the wilderness. By 1900 it had sold most of its land in Hammel, but still held some chunks.

A village of Murat was platted around Lake Esadore. The map shows a hotel and "hall" about where the High View Inn now is, and a school out west of Mud Lake. One of the two sawmills stood where the outlet of Esadore crosses Perkinstown Avenue. It was in operation by 1900 and closed after burning in 1903.

The 1911 plat map shows little change from 1900. The roads had reached farther and more settlers had filled in along them in the east. The far west was still mostly in large blocks, with some changes of ownership and few settlers.

In 1933 parts of the northwest quarter of Hammel were designated part of the Chequamegon National Forest.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 735 people, 265 households, and 219 families residing in the town. The population density was 20.7 people per square mile (8.0/km2). There were 346 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.78% White, 0.14% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.68% Asian, and 0.14% from two or more races.

There were 265 households, out of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.8% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.0% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $51,250, and the median income for a family was $53,281. Males had a median income of $30,089 versus $26,319 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,425. About 3.7% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. Attig, John W. (1993). "Pleistocene Geology of Taylor County, Wisconsin". *Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey*. Bulletin 90. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
4. "Land Survey Information". Board of Commissioners of Public Lands. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
5. "Field Notes for T31N R1W". *Original Field Notes and Plat Maps, 1833-1866*. Board of Commissioners of Public Lands. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
6. Martin, Alex S. "Interior Field Notes (Nov. 1857-Dec. 1858)". Board of Commissioners of Public Lands. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
7. Dahl, Ole Rasmussen (1880). *Map of Chippewa, Price & Taylor Counties and the northern part of Clark County*. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Milwaukee Litho & Engr Co. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
8. Ruesch, H.O. (January 2012). Kalmon, Lars (ed.). *Taylor County Historical Sketch*. Taylor County History Project. p. 8.
9. Queary, O.K. (1900). *Map of Taylor County, Wisconsin*. Milwaukee, Wis.: Bogk & Rowland. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
10. *Wisconsin Atlas and Gazetteer* (6th ed.). Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. 1999. p. 74.
11. Rusch, Robert P. (September 22, 2013). "The Twelve Railroads of Taylor County, Wisconsin". In Kalmon, Lars (ed.). *Our Home - Taylor County Wisconsin - volume 2*. Taylor County History Project. pp. 3–4.
12. *Gilman, Murat, Little Black, Hannibal, Jump River, Whittlesey*. Chicago: Geo. A. Ogle & Co. 1913. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
13. Zenner, John (2012). Kalmon, Stephen Lars (ed.). *Our Home - Taylor County Wisconsin - Vol 2*. Taylor County History Project. pp. 7–8. Originally published in *The Star News*, May 1, 1952.
14. Paetzold, C.H. (1911). "Plat map of T31N R1W". *Map of Taylor County*. Medford, Wis.: C. Paetzold and Koehler Land Company. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
15. "Nicolet National Forest"
16. 'Wisconsin Blue Book 1933,' Biographical Sketch of Anthony J. Opachen, pg. 258

## Further reading

* John Zenner's account among the references above describes his family's history in Hammel, from his parents homesteading in 1878, through his own experiences in various logging projects, through his travails as county treasurer.

## InfoBox

| Hammel, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Hammel, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 45°9′32″N 90°29′15″W / 45.15889°N 90.48750°W / 45.15889; -90.48750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Taylor |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.7 sq mi (92.5 km2) |
| Land | 35.5 sq mi (91.9 km2) |
| Water | 0.2 sq mi (0.6 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,352 ft (412 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 735 |
| Density | 20.7/sq mi (8.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 715 & 534 |
| FIPS code | 55-32300 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1583341 |
| PLSS township | T31N R1W |


title: Israel men's national goalball team

abstract: The Israel men's national goalball team is the men's national team of Israel. Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. The team has taken part in international goalball competitions.

text:
# Israel men's national goalball team

The **Israel men's national goalball team** is the men's national team of Israel. Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. The team has taken part in international goalball competitions.

## Paralympic Games

### 1976 Toronto

The 1976 Summer Paralympics were held in Toronto, Canada. The team was one of seven men's teams participating, and they finished fifth overall.

### 1980 Arnhem

The team competed in the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands, where twelve men's teams took part. The team finished eighth. Members of the national team were Moshe Weiss, Uri Cohen, Moti Levy, Rafael Falach, Reuven Perach and Zohar Sharon.

### 1984 New York

The team competed in the 1984 Summer Paralympics at Long Island, New York City, United States of America, where thirteen men's and five women's teams participated. The team finished seventh.

### 1988 Seoul

The team finished fifth overall.

### 1992 Barcelona

The team took part in the preliminary matches.

## World Championships

IBSA World Goalball Championships have been held every four years from 1978. The men's team had regularly represented the country in these championships, namely 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, and 1994.

## IBSA World Games

### 2003 Quebec City

The team competed in the 2003 IBSA World Games from Friday 1 to Sunday 10 August 2011, in Quebec City, Canada. Ten teams competed.

## Regional championships

The team competes in the IBSA Europe goalball region. Groups A and C are held one year, and Group B the following year. Strong teams move towards Group A.


title: Wabasha Street Bridge

abstract: The Wabasha Street Bridge is a segmental bridge that spans the Mississippi River in downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was named Wabasha Street Freedom Bridge in 2002, to commemorate the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks. It actually consists of two separate bridges, one for northbound and one for southbound traffic. The use of a concrete segmental box girder bridge provided a construction advantage because no falsework needed to be built beneath the bridge. The bridge opened to traffic in 1998; some decorative elements were not completed until late 2001. It was built by Lunda Construction Company and was designed by Toltz, King, Duvall, Anderson & Associates, Inc. The new bridge replaced an earlier structure that was built in 1889. The new bridge was built with pedestrians in mind. It features 11-foot-wide (3.4 m) sidewalks, six overlooks at the pier locations, and a stairway down to Raspberry Island. The color scheme of the bridge was also planned to reflect the architectural heritage of Saint Paul, with a soft buff color to reflect the colors used in many downtown Saint Paul buildings. The color of terracotta roofs in the city was used to select the color of the railings, and the green patina of the Saint Paul Cathedral is echoed in the ornamental color of the overlooks. The new bridge has won several awards, including the Federal Highway Administration 1998 Excellence in Highway Design Award and the Minnesota Society of Professional Engineers 2001 Seven Wonders of Engineering in Minnesota award. The pedestrian walkways are on the outside of the bridge. There is a gap of 8.7 feet (2.7 m) between the two bridge decks, between the southbound bridge and the northbound bridge. In July 2011, a man jumped over the inner railing, on the side not designated for pedestrians, thinking a landing was on the other side. Instead, he fell 55 feet (17 m) and landed on Raspberry Island underneath the bridge. He survived the fall but was critically injured. To mark the Minnesota Senate's vote to allow same sex marriage in Minnesota, mayor Chris Coleman issued a proclamation on May 13, 2013, temporarily renaming the bridge "Wabasha Street Freedom to Marry Bridge" and ordered dozens of rainbow flags to be flown on the bridge.

text:
# Wabasha Street Bridge

The **Wabasha Street Bridge** is a segmental bridge that spans the Mississippi River in downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was named **Wabasha Street Freedom Bridge** in 2002, to commemorate the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks. It actually consists of two separate bridges, one for northbound and one for southbound traffic. The use of a concrete segmental box girder bridge provided a construction advantage because no falsework needed to be built beneath the bridge.

The bridge opened to traffic in 1998; some decorative elements were not completed until late 2001. It was built by Lunda Construction Company and was designed by Toltz, King, Duvall, Anderson & Associates, Inc.

The new bridge replaced an earlier structure that was built in 1889.

The new bridge was built with pedestrians in mind. It features 11-foot-wide (3.4 m) sidewalks, six overlooks at the pier locations, and a stairway down to Raspberry Island. The color scheme of the bridge was also planned to reflect the architectural heritage of Saint Paul, with a soft buff color (the color of sandstone) to reflect the colors used in many downtown Saint Paul buildings. The color of terracotta roofs in the city was used to select the color of the railings, and the green patina of the Saint Paul Cathedral is echoed in the ornamental color of the overlooks.

The new bridge has won several awards, including the Federal Highway Administration 1998 Excellence in Highway Design Award and the Minnesota Society of Professional Engineers 2001 Seven Wonders of Engineering in Minnesota award.

The pedestrian walkways are on the outside of the bridge. There is a gap of 8.7 feet (2.7 m) between the two bridge decks, between the southbound bridge and the northbound bridge. In July 2011, a man jumped over the inner railing, on the side not designated for pedestrians, thinking a landing was on the other side. Instead, he fell 55 feet (17 m) and landed on Raspberry Island underneath the bridge. He survived the fall but was critically injured.

To mark the Minnesota Senate's vote to allow same sex marriage in Minnesota, mayor Chris Coleman issued a proclamation on May 13, 2013, temporarily renaming the bridge "Wabasha Street Freedom to Marry Bridge" and ordered dozens of rainbow flags to be flown on the bridge.

## 1886 Bridge

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wabasha Street Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Former Wabasha Street Bridge in 1993 | |
|  | |
| Location | Wabasha Street over Mississippi River, Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1890 |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Cantilever deck truss |
| Demolished | 1996 |
| MPS | Iron and Steel Bridges in Minnesota MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001834 |
| Added to NRHP | 1989 |

Completed in 1890, the second bridge was an iron cantilever deck-truss bridge, which was an advanced engineering feat at the time. That bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. Unfortunately, that bridge had increasing problems with repair and maintenance because of its age, and after city engineers assessed the condition of the old bridge, the decision was made to replace the bridge.

## 1859 Bridge

The first Wabasha Street Bridge was completed in 1859 and was known as the "Saint Paul Bridge". It was a toll bridge until 1874 when West Saint Paul was annexed into Saint Paul.

## InfoBox

| Wabasha Street Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Northern spans of the Wabasha Street Bridge from Raspberry Island | |
| Coordinates | 44°56′31″N 93°05′28″W / 44.94194°N 93.09111°W / 44.94194; -93.09111 |
| Carries | 4 lanes of Wabasha Street |
| Crosses | Mississippi River |
| Locale | Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Maintained by | City of Saint Paul |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Concrete segmental box girder |
| Total length | 1,253 feet (382 m) |
| Width | 104 feet (32 m) |
| Longest span | 397 feet (121 m) |
| History | |
| Opened | July 1998 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Hills District Bulls

abstract: The Hills District Bulls is an Australian rugby league football club. It plays in the Parramatta District junior league based in Baulkham Hills at Crestwood Oval. They have played in the Parramatta District since 1964.They field teams in all age groups including C-Grade, A-Grade, Sydney Shield and Ron Massey Cup competitions.

text:
# Hills District Bulls

The **Hills District Bulls** is an Australian rugby league football club. It plays in the Parramatta District junior league based in Baulkham Hills at Crestwood Oval.

They have played in the Parramatta District since 1964.They field teams in all age groups including C-Grade, A-Grade, Sydney Shield and Ron Massey Cup competitions.

## History

Over a few beers at the Bull & Bush Hotel at Baulkham Hills the club's name and legend was born in 1963. The club's inaugural season was 1964. They commenced with an A Grade, A Reserve Grade and C Grade team and trained on Yattenden Oval. On some match days when there were insufficient A Grade players available, players from the A Reserve Grade team would double up and play two games. They moved from Yattenden Oval to The Castle Hill Showground in about 1966 although some home games were played at the Showground in 1964. From there they moved to Jasper Road to train and play their home games. The C Grade side won the Premiership in 1965 their second year in the competition and the first Premiership for the Club. They have used Crestwood Oval, Baulkham Hills, as their home ground since it was created in the 1970s. On 4 September 2022, Hills District won the Ron Massey Cup after defeating Glebe 18-12 in the grand final. On 3 September 2023, Hill District defeated St Mary's 34-30 to win the Sydney Shield Grand Final.

Hills District are currently a senior feeder side to NSW Cup team The North Sydney Bears.

## Notable Juniors

Notable First Grade Players that have played at Hills District Bulls include:

## Patrons

The club patrons are John Kolc and Ron Hilditch, both of whom have had distinguished rugby league careers, playing first grade for Parramatta Eels and later representing NSW and Australia.

## Playing Record in NSWRL Competitions

### Ron Massey Cup

| Year | Competition | Ladder | | | Finals Position | All Match Record | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Pos | Byes | Pts | | P | W | L | D | For | Agst | Diff |
| 2016 | Ron Massey Cup | 8 | 2 | 22 | Last 6 Semi-Finalist | 22 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 686 | 512 | 174 |
| 2017 | Ron Massey Cup | 3 | 7 | 36 | Last 6 Semi-Finalist | 20 | 11 | 9 | 0 | 513 | 436 | 77 |
| 2018 | Ron Massey Cup | 9 | 2 | 12 |  | 18 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 254 | 562 | -308 |
| 2019 | Ron Massey Cup | 8 | 2 | 16 | Last 4 Preliminary Finalist | 23 | 9 | 14 | 0 | 500 | 548 | -48 |
| 2020 | Ron Massey Cup | N/A | 0 | 0 | Competition Cancelled | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 12 | -8 |
| 2020 | President's Cup | 4 | 1 | 12 | Semi-Finalist | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 202 | 114 | 88 |

### Sydney Shield

| Year | Competition | Ladder | | | Finals Position | All Match Record | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Pos | Byes | Pts | | P | W | L | D | For | Agst | Diff |
| 2014 | Sydney Shield | 9 | 0 | 15 |  | 22 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 552 | 694 | -142 |
| 2015 | Sydney Shield | 5 | 2 | 29 | Grand Finalist | 24 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 718 | 500 | 218 |
| 2016 | Sydney Shield | 12 | 0 | 14 |  | 22 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 626 | 738 | -112 |
| 2017 | Sydney Shield | 10 | 3 | 16 |  | 22 | 5 | 17 | 0 | 340 | 712 | -372 |
| 2018 | Sydney Shield | 10 | 2 | 8 |  | 18 | 2 | 16 | 0 | 264 | 826 | -562 |
| 2019 | Sydney Shield | 9 | 1 | 14 |  | 20 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 506 | 736 | -230 |
| 2020 | Sydney Shield | 5 | 0 | 2 | Competition Cancelled | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 20 | 4 |
| 2020 | Sydney Shield | 5 | 1 | 11 |  | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 226 | 158 | 68 |

### Metropolitan Cup

| Year | Competition | Ladder | | | Finals Position | All Match Record | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Pos | Byes | Pts | | P | W | L | D | For | Agst | Diff |
| 1990 | Metropolitan Cup | 2 |  | 18 | Grand Finalist |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991 | Metropolitan Cup | 8 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992 | Metropolitan Cup | 8 | 2 | 17 |  | 16 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 288 | 292 | -4 |
| 1993 | Metropolitan Cup | 5 | 2 | 23 |  | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 329 | 271 | 58 |
| 1994 | Metropolitan Cup | 4 | 0 | 22 | Grand Finalist | 24 | 13 | 11 | 0 | 438 | 431 | 7 |
| 1995 | Metropolitan Cup | 7 | 2 | 10 |  | 18 | 2 | 16 | 0 | 234 | 519 | -285 |

## InfoBox

Hills District Bulls
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Club information | |
| Full name | Hills District Junior Rugby League Football Club |
| Nickname(s) | The Bulls, Hills. |
| Colours | Black
Maroon
Yellow |
| Founded | 1964 (1964) |
| Current details | |
| Ground(s) |  |
| Coach | Paul Griffin |
| Competition | Parramatta Junior Rugby League
Ron Massey Cup
Sydney Shield |


title: Unterroth

abstract: Unterroth is a municipality in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Unterroth

**Unterroth** is a municipality in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Unterroth | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church of Saints Gordianus and Epimachus | |
|  | |
| Location of Unterroth within Neu-Ulm district | |
| Unterroth Unterroth | |
| Coordinates: 48°12′N 10°10′E / 48.200°N 10.167°E / 48.200; 10.167 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Schwaben |
| District | Neu-Ulm |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Norbert Poppele |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.37 km2 (5.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 524 m (1,719 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,119 |
| Density | 73/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 89299 |
| Dialling codes | 07343 |
| Vehicle registration | NU |
| Website | www.vg-buch.de |


title: Indian 1000-rupee note

abstract: The Indian 1000-rupee banknote (₹1000) is an obsolete denomination of the Indian rupee. It was first introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1938 under British rule and subsequently demonetized in 1946. Post-independence, the denomination was re-introduced in 1954. In January 1978, all high-denomination banknotes of ₹1000, ₹5000, and ₹10000 were demonetized in order to curb unaccounted cash money. In order to contain the volume of banknotes in circulation due to inflation, the ₹1000 banknote was again re-introduced in November 2000, under the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, as a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes; these were demonetized on 8 November 2016 by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, with the claimed reasons of preventing the issue of counterfeit currency and to fight corruption and black money in India.

text:
# Indian 1000-rupee note

The **Indian 1000-rupee banknote** (1000) is an obsolete denomination of the Indian rupee. It was first introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1938 under British rule and subsequently demonetized in 1946. Post-independence, the denomination was re-introduced in 1954. In January 1978, all high-denomination banknotes of 1000, 5000, and 10000 were demonetized in order to curb unaccounted cash money.

In order to contain the volume of banknotes in circulation due to inflation, the 1000 banknote was again re-introduced in November 2000, under the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, as a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes; these were demonetized on 8 November 2016 by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, with the claimed reasons of preventing the issue of counterfeit currency and to fight corruption and black money in India.

## Mahatma Gandhi Series

### Design

The 1000 banknote of the Mahatma Gandhi Series is 177 × 73 mm pink-red coloured, with the obverse side featuring a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi with the signature of the governor of Reserve Bank of India. It had a Braille feature to assist the visually challenged in identifying the currency. The reverse side featured the motif of an oil rig, a satellite and a steel foundry, all together featuring the Economy of India.

As of 2011, the new sign had been incorporated into banknotes of 1000. In January 2014, RBI announced that it would be withdrawing from circulation all banknotes printed prior to 2005 by 31 March 2014. The deadline was later extended to 1 January 2015, and then again to 30 June 2016. Denomination of 1,000 notes cost was

```
3.54.
```

### Security features

The security features of the 1000 banknote included:

* A windowed security thread that read 'भारत' (*Bharat in the Devanagari script*) and 'RBI' alternately.
* Latent image of the value of the banknote on the vertical band next to the right hand side of Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait.
* Watermark of Mahatma Gandhi that is a mirror-image of the main portrait.
* The number panel of the banknote was printed in embedded fluorescent fibres and optically variable ink.
* Since 2005, additional security features (including machine-readable security thread, electrotype watermark, and year of print) appear on the bank note.

### Discontinuation

On 8 November 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that "Starting from midnight 8th November 2016 all 1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series will not be accepted as a form of legal tender", although new 500 and 2000 banknotes of the new Mahatma Gandhi New Series were unveiled.

## Languages

Like the other Indian rupee banknotes, the 1000 banknote had its value written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination was written in English and Hindi. On the reverse is a language panel which displayed the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 official languages of India, displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel were Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

| Denominations in central level official languages (At below either ends) | |
| --- | --- |
| Language | 1000 |
| English | One thousand rupees |
| Hindi | एक हज़ार रुपये |
| Denominations in 15 state level/other official languages (As seen on the language panel) | |
| Assamese | এহেজাৰ টকা |
| Bengali | এক হাজার টাকা |
| Gujarati | એક હજાર રૂપિયા |
| Kannada | ಒಂದು ಸಾವಿರ ರುಪಾಯಿಗಳು |
| Kashmiri | ساس رۄپیہِ |
| Konkani | एक हजार रुपया |
| Malayalam | ആയിരം രൂപ |
| Marathi | एक हजार रुपये |
| Nepali | एक हजार रुपियाँ |
| Odia | ଏକ ହଜାର ଟଙ୍କା |
| Punjabi | ਇਕ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਰੁਪਏ |
| Sanskrit | सहस्रं रूप्यकाणि |
| Tamil | ஆயிரம் ரூபாய் |
| Telugu | వెయ్యి రూపాయలు |
| Urdu | ایک ہزار روپیے |

## Mahatma Gandhi New Series

On 10 November 2016, the then Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das announced a new 1000 banknote would be released in the Mahatma Gandhi New Series in the coming months. But on 22 February 2017, Das walked back on his earlier announcement to deny it, saying there was no plan to reintroduce the banknote.

## InfoBox

One thousand rupees
| (India) | |
| --- | --- |
| Value | 1000 |
| Width | 177 mm |
| Height | 73 mm |
| Security features | Security thread, latent image, micro-lettering, intaglio print, fluorescent ink, optically variable ink, watermark, and see through registration device. |
| Material used | special variety of cotton, linen, abaca and fibre |
| Years of printing | November 2000 – November 2016 |
| Obverse | |
|  | |
| Design | Mahatma Gandhi |
| Design date | 2000 |
| Reverse | |
|  | |
| Design | Economy of India |
| Design date | 2000 |


abstract: Iran competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, United Kingdom, from 4–13 August 2017.

text:
# Iran at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

**Iran** competed at the **2017 World Championships in Athletics** in London, United Kingdom, from 4–13 August 2017.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Hassan Taftian | 100 metres | 10.34 | 34 | Did not advance | | | |
| Hossein Keyhani | 3000 metres steeplechase | 8:33.76 **NR** | 24 | Did not advance | | | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Ehsan Haddadi | Discus throw | 63.03 | 15 | Did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Iran at the<br>2017 World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | IRI |
| in London | |
| Competitors | 3 in 3 events |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |
|


title: José Ravest y Bonilla

abstract: José Ravest y Bonilla was a Chilean lawyer, writer, and judge.

text:
# José Ravest y Bonilla

**José Ravest y Bonilla** (August 1823  September 18, 1900) was a Chilean lawyer, writer, and judge.

## Biography

Ravest y Bonilla was born in La Serena, Chile. His parents were Lt. Col. Ramón Ravest y Castillo, who served in the war of independence, and Mrs. Tadea Bonilla. He studied humanities at the Colegio Literario de la Serena and studied natural sciences under Ignacio Domeyko. From an early age, he was among the best students at his secondary school. In 1837 he began to study teaching at the Liceo de la Serena, distinguishing himself as a remarkable Latinist. Having moved to Santiago, in 1841, he entered the Instituto Nacional, beginning the study of law in the university section. At this school he earned the appreciation of rector Francisco de Borja Solar and was appointed a professor of humanities.

He received his law degree on January 20, 1849, and he returned to La Serena, where he held important public positions. Beginning in 1852, he served the town and the country in university and charity committees, in the municipal government, and in the judiciary, being a judge and prosecutor. In 1891 he was appointed by President Balmaceda as Minister of the Court of Appeals of Santiago. He distinguished himself as a writer, both in newspapers and in books, in defense of the law. He was editor of *La Coquimbano*, published in La Serena, and wrote several very significant legal works. Several of his unpublished works of jurisprudence were destroyed in a fire at his home in La Serena, in 1893. He died in La Serena on September 18, 1900.

## Works

Among his most important works were *Codificación Agrícola de Chile*; *Proyecto de Código Rural*; *Anotaciones al Proyecto de Código de Enjuiciamientos*; *Estudio comparado del Proyecto de Reforma del Código de Minería*; *El nombramiento de los Jueces en Chile*; *El Nuevo Código de Minería de Chile*, y *La Propiedad Minera Carbonífera*. His *Codificación Agrícola de Chile* was awarded the gold medal in the National Exhibition of 1884.


title: Halim Zai Tehsil

abstract: Halim Zai Tehsil is a subdivision located in Mohmand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 78,749 according to the 2017 census.

text:
# Halim Zai Tehsil

**Halim Zai Tehsil** is a subdivision located in Mohmand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 78,749 according to the 2017 census.

## InfoBox

| Halim Zai Tehsil تحصیل حلیم زئی<br>حلیمزي تحصیل | |
| --- | --- |
| Tehsil | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Region | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Mohmand District |
| Seat | Ghalanai |
| Population (2017) | |
| Total | 78,749 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |