title: Odyssey Healthcare

abstract: Odyssey Healthcare, Inc. is a for-profit provider of hospice services that was co-founded in 1995 by Richard R. Burnham, David Steffy, and David Gasmire. The company was a health care startup that opened its first hospice location in 1996. The company that was formerly based in Dallas, TX and now in Atlanta, Georgia, is one of the largest providers of hospice health care and related services in the United States. Odyssey Healthcare, Inc. offers various health services to patients and families through its 100 Medicare-certified programs currently available in 30 states. Odyssey Hospice has locations in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin.

text:
# Odyssey Healthcare

**Odyssey Healthcare, Inc.** (now operating as a subsidiary of **Gentiva Health Services, Inc.**) is a for-profit provider of hospice services that was co-founded in 1995 by Richard R. Burnham, David Steffy, and David Gasmire. The company was a health care startup that opened its first hospice location in 1996. The company that was formerly based in Dallas, TX and now in Atlanta, Georgia, is one of the largest providers of hospice health care and related services in the United States.

Odyssey Healthcare, Inc. offers various health services to patients and families through its 100 Medicare-certified programs currently available in 30 states. Odyssey Hospice has locations in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin.

## History

In 2001, Odyssey Healthcare made the decision to make its first initial public offering (IPO) of stock after finishing its first profitable year in 2000. The net income recorded for 2000 was approximately $3.1 million.

In October 2004, Odyssey decreased its profit projections and announced that it had been under investigation by the United States Department of Justice since the prior month. Odyssey was being investigated under the False Claims Act for its operations regarding patient admissions, patient retention and billing practices. On October 18, 2004, as a result of the investigation and lower financial projections, Odyssey's investors lost $289 million, with its shares dropping 47 percent. At the time, Odyssey operated 72 hospices in 30 states.

In 2010, Gentiva Health Services entered into an agreement to buy Odyssey Healthcare for about $1 billion in cash with Odyssey common stock valued at $27 per share. At the completion of the acquisition, the combined home health and hospice operations had about 14,000 patients.

## InfoBox

| Formation | 1995 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Richard R. Burnham
David Steffy
David Gasmire |
| Type | For-profit |


title: National Library of Korea

abstract: The National Library of Korea is located in the Seocho District of Seoul, South Korea. It was established in 1945. It houses more than 10 million volumes, including over 1,134,000 foreign-language books and some of the National Treasures of South Korea.

text:
# National Library of Korea

The **National Library of Korea** (Korean: 국립중앙도서관; Hanja: 國立中央圖書館; lit. National Central Library) is located in the Seocho District of Seoul, South Korea. It was established in 1945. It houses more than 10 million volumes, including over 1,134,000 foreign-language books and some of the National Treasures of South Korea.

## History

Korea did not have a national modern library until the Korean Empire period. The first modern library on the peninsula was the Daehan Library, which was established in 1906 by Lee Keun-sang, Lee Beom-gu and Yun Chi-ho. However, it was not publicly accessible. Its 100,000 books were eventually confiscated by the government in 1911. The first library that allowed free public access (although it was still privately owned) was called Daedong Seogwan. It also printed its own books. However, the Japanese colonial government eventually limited access to printed materials, including newspapers, magazines, and books. It was then restricted to printing approved media and propaganda.

After the 1919 March 1st Movement protests against colonial rule, the Japanese government-general loosened its restrictions on Korea. As part of this, they constructed the Government-General of Chōsen Library in Sogong-dong, Jung District, Keijō (present-day Seoul) in 1923.

In October 1945, weeks after the liberation of Korea, the National Library of Korea inherited the Government-General of Chōsen Library. Park Bong-seok created it by gathering materials from a number of libraries in the area. He also contributed to the development of a national library system in the South. In 1946, Park created a national library school to train librarians. He also continued consolidating materials from other Korean libraries.

In 1948, a nationwide movement was formed called "One Country, One Library." Its goal was to establish more libraries and preserve materials in the various libraries in the country. They created a program to promote literacy in the Korean script Hangul, which had been variously discouraged or prohibited during the colonial period in favor of the Japanese script. Around this time, only 20% of Koreans could still read Korean. The library joined the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions in 1955. Since then, the library has conducted various fundraising and educational events. In 1974, it relocated to Namsan-dong, and in 1988 it again relocated to its the present location at Banpo-dong, Seocho District. In 1991, it was transferred from the Ministry of Education to the Ministry of Culture in 1991.

## Description

As of November 2020, the library has 12,768,751 items total. 9,158,363 are Korean-language books, 1,552,489 are foreign-language books, 1,771,738 are non-book items, and 286,161 are old texts.

The library also possesses an extensive digital collection, including archives of newspapers and primary sources related to Korean history and society. Many of these resources are freely available online, although some require paid or special permission to access.

The library is served by Seoul Subway Lines 3,  and  which all connect at Express Bus terminal Station. The library is a no kid zone and prevents children under the age of 16 from entering unless special permission is granted.

## InfoBox

| National Library of Korea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Library exterior in 2019 | |
|  | |
| 37°29′51″N 127°0′10″E / 37.49750°N 127.00278°E / 37.49750; 127.00278 | |
| Location | Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea |
| Type | National library |
| Established | October 15, 1945 (1945-10-15) |
| Reference to legal mandate | Statutes of the Republic of Korea, Library Act, Article 18 |
| Branches | 2 |
| Collection | |
| Size | 12,565,821 |
| Legal deposit | Yes (Library Act, Article 20) |
| Other information | |
| Director | Suh Hye Ran, Chief Executive |
| Website | www.nl.go.kr |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 국립중앙도서관 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Gungnip Jungang Doseogwan* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Kungnip Chung'ang Tosŏgwan* |
|  | |


title: Physoconops obscuripennis

abstract: Physoconops obscuripennis is a species of thick-headed fly in the family Conopidae.

text:
# Physoconops obscuripennis

***Physoconops obscuripennis*** is a species of thick-headed fly in the family Conopidae.

## InfoBox

| *Physoconops obscuripennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Conopidae |
| Genus: | *Physoconops* |
| Species: | ***P. obscuripennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Physoconops obscuripennis***<br>(Williston, 1882) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Conops foxi*  Van Duzee, 1927 * *Conops obscuripennis*  Williston, 1882 | |


title: Lather (song)

abstract: "Lather", a song by Grace Slick, performed by US rock band Jefferson Airplane, is the opening track on the 1968 album Crown of Creation and was the B-side for the single of the same name. Slick says she wrote the song for the drummer of the group Spencer Dryden, who was at the time twenty-nine years old and her boyfriend. The lyrics tell of a boy who stays as young as possible until one day when he is shattered by having finally to grow up. The band performed the song during their 1968 appearance on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. Upon Dryden's death in 2005, Slick and other band members wrote tributes to Dryden that appeared on the group's website. Slick's ends with the first lines of the song: "Lather was 30 years old today, they took away all of his toys."

text:
# Lather (song)

"**Lather**", a song by Grace Slick, performed by US rock band Jefferson Airplane, is the opening track on the 1968 album *Crown of Creation* and was the B-side for the single of the same name. Slick says she wrote the song for the drummer of the group Spencer Dryden, who was at the time twenty-nine years old and her boyfriend. The lyrics tell of a boy who stays as young as possible until one day when he is shattered by having finally to grow up.

The band performed the song during their 1968 appearance on *The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour*.

Upon Dryden's death in 2005, Slick and other band members wrote tributes to Dryden that appeared on the group's website. Slick's ends with the first lines of the song: "Lather was 30 years old today, they took away all of his toys."

## Cover versions

1. Slick, Grace (December 1999). *Somebody to love? : a rock-and-roll memoir*. Warner Books. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-446-60783-4.
2. Jefferson Airplane perform "Lather" on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour on YouTube
3. "Spencer Dryden tribute: 1938-2005". JeffersonAirplane.com. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved May 11, 2008.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

## InfoBox

| "Lather" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Jefferson Airplane | |
| from the album  *Crown of Creation* | |
| Released | September 1968 |
| Recorded | February–June 1968 |
| Length | 2:57 |
| Label | RCA Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Grace Slick |
| Producer(s) | Al Schmitt |


title: Türksat 1B

abstract: Turksat 1B was a Turkish communications satellite as part of a project to form an instant network with two geosynchronous satellites that is supervised by the companies Türksat A.Ş. in Turkey and Aérospatiale of France. Türksat 1B was launched by Arianespace atop an Ariane-44LP H10+ launch vehicle, along with Brazilian satellite Brasilsat B1, in a dual-payload launch on August 10, 1994, at 23:05 UTC from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. The satellite was successfully placed into geostationary transfer orbit and positioned at 42°E. It is based on the Aerospatiale Spacebus 2000 series having an on-orbit mass of about one ton. The communications payload consists of 16 Ku band transponders with six wideband channels of 72 MHz and ten narrowband of 36 MHz. In addition to Turkey, the satellite covered a geographical range from Europe to Central Asia before completing its mission in 2006.

text:
# Türksat 1B

**Turksat 1B** was a Turkish communications satellite as part of a project to form an instant network with two geosynchronous satellites that is supervised by the companies Türksat A.Ş. in Turkey and Aérospatiale of France.

Türksat 1B was launched by Arianespace atop an Ariane-44LP H10+ launch vehicle, along with Brazilian satellite Brasilsat B1, in a dual-payload launch on August 10, 1994, at 23:05 UTC from ELA-2 at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. The satellite was successfully placed into geostationary transfer orbit and positioned at 42°E.

It is based on the Aerospatiale Spacebus 2000 series having an on-orbit mass of about one ton. The communications payload consists of 16 Ku band transponders with six wideband channels of 72 MHz and ten narrowband of 36 MHz.

In addition to Turkey, the satellite covered a geographical range from Europe to Central Asia before completing its mission in 2006.

## InfoBox

Türksat 1B
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mission type | Communication |
| Operator | Türksat |
| COSPAR ID | 1994-049B |
| SATCAT no. | 23200 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | Spacebus 2000 |
| Manufacturer | Aérospatiale |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | August 10, 1994, 23:05 (1994-08-10UTC23:05Z) UTC |
| Rocket | Ariane 44LP H10+ |
| Launch site | Kourou ELA-2 |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Deactivated | October 17, 2006 (2006-10-18) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geostationary |
| Longitude | 42°E |
|  | |
|  | |
| Transponders | |
| Band | 16 Ku band |
|  | |
| Türksat program | |


title: Million Book Project

abstract: The Million Book Project was a book digitization project led by Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science and University Libraries from 2007 to 2008. Working with government and research partners in India and China, the project scanned books in many languages, using OCR to enable full text searching, and providing free-to-read access to the books on the web. As of 2007, they have completed the scanning of 1 million books and have made the entire catalog accessible online.

text:
# Million Book Project

The **Million Book Project** (or the **Universal Library**) was a book digitization project led by Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science and University Libraries from 2007 to 2008. Working with government and research partners in India (Digital Library of India) and China, the project scanned books in many languages, using OCR to enable full text searching, and providing free-to-read access to the books on the web. As of 2007, they have completed the scanning of 1 million books and have made the entire catalog accessible online.

## Description

The *Million Book Project* was a 501(c)(3) charity organization with various scanning centers throughout the world.

By December 2007, more than 1.5 million books had been scanned, in 20 languages: 970,000 in Chinese; 360,000 in English; 50,000 in Telugu; and 40,000 in Arabic. Most of the books are in the public domain, but permission has been acquired to include over 60,000 copyrighted books (roughly 53,000 in English and 7,000 in Indian languages). The books are mirrored in part at sites in India, China, Carnegie Mellon, the Internet Archive, Bibliotheca Alexandrina. The books that have been scanned to date are not yet all available online, and no single site has copies of all the books that are available online.

The million book project was a "proof of concept" that has largely been replaced by HathiTrust, Google Book Search and the Internet Archive book scanning projects.

The Internet Archive may have some books that Google does not (e.g.: *The Poems of Robert Frost* published after the end of 1922).

The National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded Carnegie Mellon $3.63M over four years for equipment and administrative travel for the Million Book Project. India provided $25M annually to support language translation research projects. The Ministry of Education in China provided $8.46M over three years. The Internet Archive provided equipment, staff and money. The University of California, Merced Library funded the work to acquire copyright permission from U.S. publishers.

The program ended in 2008.

## Partner institutions

### China

The institutions in China which are participants in this project include:

### India

The institutions in India which are participants in this project include:

### United States

The institutions in the U.S. which are participants include:

### Europe

The institutions in the EU which are participants include:


title: John Ainsworth Horrocks

abstract: John Ainsworth Horrocks was an English pastoralist and explorer who was one of the first European settlers in the Clare Valley of South Australia where, in 1840, he established the village of Penwortham.

text:
# John Ainsworth Horrocks

**John Ainsworth Horrocks** (22 March 1818 – 23 September 1846) was an English pastoralist and explorer who was one of the first European settlers in the Clare Valley of South Australia where, in 1840, he established the village of Penwortham.

## Biography

Horrocks was born on Easter Sunday, 22 March 1818, at Penwortham Lodge, near Preston, Lancashire. His father Peter Horrocks, a son of John Horrocks, was an investor/shareholder in the Secondary Towns Association, which aspired to develop towns in the new colony of South Australia. John Ainsworth Horrocks, aged 21, and his brother Eustace, aged 16, arrived at Adelaide in March 1839. Impatient to settle on their own land, the brothers set up camp on 16 January 1840 at present Penwortham, a village which they founded and named.

He returned to England in 1842 after his father's death, and then went back to Australia in 1844 to attend to financial problems.

### Fatal expedition

On 29 July 1846 he commenced an exploratory expedition into the far north-west of South Australia, aiming for distant hills near Lake Torrens, hoping to find good agricultural land. His second in command was John Henry Theakston (d.1878), a surveyor who in 1844 had served dutifully as second in command of the ill-fated Darke expedition. An unpaid volunteer in the party was artist and amateur botanist Samuel Thomas Gill. The several hired men included Bernard Kilcoy as cook and driver, and goatherd Jimmy Moorhouse, a young Aboriginal employee at his Penwortham station.

On 1 September, near Lake Dutton, still short of his objective, Horrocks was accidentally shot while reloading his shotgun, one barrel of which was tripped by the packload of a kneeling camel known as Harry, which had been the first camel to arrive in Australia. His injuries included loss of the middle finger of the right hand and a row of teeth from the right upper jaw. The expedition was abandoned and the party returned to Horrocks's home at Penwortham, where he died of his wounds on 23 September. On Horrocks's order, the camel, which had previously attacked other animals and humans, was shot dead.

Horrocks is buried at St. Mark's Anglican Church, the land for which he had earlier donated to the town.

## Legacy

Although Horrocks's expedition thus failed to reach its objective, in 1851 this was achieved by Horrocks's close associate John Jackson Oakden.

Horrocks gave his name to several geographical features in the vicinity of Mount Remarkable and the Clare Valley, such as Horrocks Pass near Mount Remarkable and Mount Horrocks near Clare. Main North Road from Gawler to Wilmington and the Wilmington to Quorn road were renamed Horrocks Highway in 2011.

A short biography published in 1906 was derived from Horrocks's diary plus notes written by his sister.

## Further reading

* Morphett G. C., *John Ainsworth Horrocks* (Adelaide 1946)
* Pearce, G. A., *John Ainsworth Horrocks of Penwortham* (Watervale, SA, 1986)
* Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia: South Australian Branch, 1899, p 83, 1904–5, pp 36–48
* South Australian Register, 1 July 1846, p 2, 4 July 1846, p 2, 15 July 1846, p 3, 18 July 1846, 12 September 1846, 30 September 1846, 3 October 1846, 10 October 1846
* Horrocks family papers, PRG 966 (State Library of South Australia).

## InfoBox

| John Ainsworth Horrocks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1818-03-22)22 March 1818
Preston, Lancashire, England |
| Died | 23 September 1846(1846-09-23) (aged 28)
Penwortham, South Australia, Australia |
| Occupation(s) | Explorer of South Australia, Pastoralist |


title: Minamidai

abstract: Minamidai (南台) is a district of Nakano, Tokyo, Japan. As of October 2020, the population of this district is 20,698. The postal code for Minamidai is 164-0014.

text:
# Minamidai

**Minamidai** (南台) is a district of Nakano, Tokyo, Japan.

As of October 2020, the population of this district is 20,698. The postal code for Minamidai is 164-0014.

## Geography

Minamidai borders Yayoichō in the north, Honmachi to the east, Sasazuka and Hatagaya to the south, and Hōnan to the west.

## Education

Nakano City Board of Education (中野区教育委員会) operates public elementary and junior high schools.

1-2-chome are zoned to Minamino Elementary School (みなみの小学校). 3-5-chome are zoned to Minamidai Elementary School (南台小学校). All residents are zoned to Minami Nakano Junior High School (南中野中学校).

## InfoBox

| Minamidai 南台 | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood in Nakano | |
| Secondary School attached to the Faculty of Education, the University of Tokyo | |
| Country | Japan |
| Prefecture | Tokyo |
| Special ward | Nakano |
| Population (1 October 2020) | |
| Total | 20,698 |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 |
| ZIP code | 164-0014 |
| Telephone area code | 03 |


title: Photo Bits

abstract: Photo Bits was a British softcore pornographic magazine that was published weekly. It was founded in 9 July 1898 and ran until 9 December 1914. It was mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses. The magazine was long targeted by hostile forces concerned about social "purity". The editor of the magazine faced arrest and prosecution. The magazine was later renamed Bits of Fun. Photo Bits was completely different from other magazines or papers of that time and was classified as a "comic" paper in contemporary press directories. It was the United Kingdom's first pin-up magazine. The contents of the magazine generally included one serial story written by Derk Fortesque, multiple short stories, different comic pieces, and photographs, drawings and sketches of clothed and nude showgirls and stars of the theater world. Photo Bits also featured a weekly article discussing miscellaneous aspects of the show business, written by some anonymous person before 11 January 1908, by a person with the pseudonym 'The Amorist' after that date, and by an American who used the pseudonym 'Cosmopolite' from 23 July 1910. The contribution of 'The Amorist' towards the development of the magazine was the introduction of tight lacing and high heels subjects. Cosmopolite introduced a new feature by inviting readers to write to him about their fetishes. In early 1912, Derk Fortesque dies, and 'Cosmopolite' left the magazine. As a result, the character of the magazine changed. The Photo Bits was involved in publishing fetishist literature. The serial story "Peggy Paget's Patent Paralyzing Pedal Props" was published in the magazine in 1910. The magazine also featured 18-inch high-heel fetish shoes.

text:
# Photo Bits

***Photo Bits*** was a British softcore pornographic magazine that was published weekly. It was founded in 9 July 1898 and ran until 9 December 1914. It was mentioned in James Joyce's Ulysses. The magazine was long targeted by hostile forces concerned about social "purity". The editor of the magazine faced arrest and prosecution. The magazine was later renamed *Bits of Fun*. *Photo Bits* was completely different from other magazines or papers of that time and was classified as a "comic" paper in contemporary press directories. It was the United Kingdom's first pin-up magazine.

The contents of the magazine generally included one serial story written by Derk Fortesque, multiple short stories, different comic pieces, and photographs, drawings and sketches of clothed and nude showgirls and stars of the theater world. *Photo Bits* also featured a weekly article discussing miscellaneous aspects of the show business, written by some anonymous person before 11 January 1908, by a person with the pseudonym 'The Amorist' after that date, and by an American who used the pseudonym 'Cosmopolite' from 23 July 1910. The contribution of 'The Amorist' towards the development of the magazine was the introduction of tight lacing and high heels subjects. *Cosmopolite* introduced a new feature by inviting readers to write to him about their fetishes. In early 1912, Derk Fortesque dies, and 'Cosmopolite' left the magazine. As a result, the character of the magazine changed. The *Photo Bits* was involved in publishing fetishist literature. The serial story "Peggy Paget's Patent Paralyzing Pedal Props" was published in the magazine in 1910. The magazine also featured 18-inch high-heel fetish shoes.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

*Photo Bits*
| Categories | Softcore pornography |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| First issue | 9 July 1898 |
| Final issue | 9 December 1914 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Ocean View Hills School

abstract: Ocean View Hills School is a public elementary and middle school in San Diego, California, United States, located near the junction of California State Route 905 and Interstate 805. At the time of its opening, it was the first new school to open in the San Ysidro Elementary School District in 24 years.

text:
# Ocean View Hills School

**Ocean View Hills School** is a public elementary and middle school in San Diego, California, United States, located near the junction of California State Route 905 and Interstate 805. At the time of its opening, it was the first new school to open in the San Ysidro Elementary School District in 24 years.

## History

Ocean View Hills School opened in temporary buildings in 2001 with a capacity of about over 1,000 students students. The campus location, roughly two miles from Brown Field Municipal Airport, contributed to the extended period before the permanent building was constructed while the San Diego City Council debated whether to convert the airfield to a cargo airport, a change which was ultimately rejected. After that, the frequent change in district leadership was a major factor in the delay. Construction on the new buildings began in October 2004 and was completed in December 2005.

After the permanent building opened, the school became so popular that it was experiencing overcrowding within a year. The reintroduction of portable classrooms and additional staff was expected to relieve the situation, as was the construction of Vista Del Mar Elementary School in the Ocean View Hills neighborhood.

## Campus

The school is sited on 20 acres (8 ha) with an additional 5 acres (2 ha) for parking. The campus has seven buildings with over 40 classrooms.

The classrooms are outfitted with a variety of educational technology products, such as interactive whiteboards, wireless microphones and teacher workstations that include high-resolution document cameras.

## Extracurricular activities

Ocean View Hills School has an after-school performing arts program that puts on a full musical once a year.

## InfoBox

| Ocean View Hills School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 4919 Del Sol Boulevard
San Diego, California 92154
United States | |
| Coordinates | 32°34′17″N 117°1′30″W / 32.57139°N 117.02500°W / 32.57139; -117.02500 |
| Information | |
| Established | 2001 |
| School district | San Ysidro Elementary School District |
| Principal | Nadia Aviles |
| Teaching staff | 41 (as of 2006–07) |
| Grades | 4–8 |
| Enrollment | 1,406 (as of 2006–07) |
| Classrooms | 40 |
| Campus | 20 acres (81,000 m2) |
| Colour(s) | Blue and white |
| Sports | Softball, baseball, American football, soccer, basketball, volleyball |
| Mascot | Dolphin |
| Nickname | OVHS |


title: I Wrecked My House

abstract: I Wrecked My House is a Canadian home renovation reality series, which airs on HGTV. Hosted by Steve Patterson, the show visits homeowners with poor home renovation skills — people whose abilities are, according to the producers, more MacGyver or Red Green than Mike Holmes — who then receive a professional home renovation from contractor Dave Rannala in collaboration with a local design company. The series premiered in April 2014 with a one-hour special which profiled five sets of homeowners, while the regular series launched in April 2015 with 14 half-hour episodes profiling a single home per episode. The show was produced and co-written by Toronto-based producer, Derek Miller. Patterson garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Host in a Variety, Lifestyle, Reality/Competition, or Talk Program or Series at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards.

text:
# I Wrecked My House

***I Wrecked My House*** is a Canadian home renovation reality series, which airs on HGTV. Hosted by Steve Patterson, the show visits homeowners with poor home renovation skills — people whose abilities are, according to the producers, more MacGyver or Red Green than Mike Holmes — who then receive a professional home renovation from contractor Dave Rannala in collaboration with a local design company.

The series premiered in April 2014 with a one-hour special which profiled five sets of homeowners, while the regular series launched in April 2015 with 14 half-hour episodes profiling a single home per episode. The show was produced and co-written by Toronto-based producer, Derek Miller.

Patterson garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Host in a Variety, Lifestyle, Reality/Competition, or Talk Program or Series at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards.

## InfoBox

| *I Wrecked My House* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | home renovation
reality |
| Starring | Steve Patterson
Dave Rannala |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 15 |
| Production | |
| Production company | Mountain Road Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | HGTV Canada |
| Release | 2014 (2014)
present |


title: Angee Hughes

abstract: Angee Hughes is an American actress who has appeared in film, television and theatre productions. She is best known for her role as Wanda Gilmore on the PBS series Wishbone.

text:
# Angee Hughes

**Angee Hughes** (born November 22, 1955) is an American actress who has appeared in film, television and theatre productions. She is best known for her role as Wanda Gilmore on the PBS series *Wishbone*.

## Early life and education

Hughes, a native of Memphis, studied theatre arts at Texas State University and subsequently trained at the Circle in the Square Theatre School in New York City.

## Career

She played the role of Sara Bardshar in the Spanish–American War themed miniseries *Rough Riders* and appeared in the Showtime production *Lily Dale*, alongside Mary Stuart Masterson and Stockard Channing. She has also appeared in a number of television sitcoms including *Scrubs* and *The King of Queens*. She also appeared in one episode of the ninth season of *Friends*, in "The One with the Pediatrician".

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | *Texas Chainsaw Massacre:* *The Next Generation* | Stuffed Family |  |
| 1994 | *Blank Check* | Woman in Parking Lot |  |
| 2000 | *Where the Heart Is* | Religious Woman |  |
| 2000 | *Dr. T & the Women* | Dr. T's Staff |  |
| 2004 | *Envy* | Woman at Party |  |
| 2009 | *17 Again* | Waitress |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | *Texas Justice* | Carla Delgato | Television film |
| 1995–1997 | *Wishbone* | Wanda Gilmore | 50 episodes |
| 1996 | *Walker, Texas Ranger* | Waitress | Episode: "Behind the Badge" |
| 1996 | *Lily Dale* | Mrs. Westheimer | Television film |
| 1996 | *Don't Look Back* | Airport Nun | |
| 1997 | *Rough Riders* | Sara Bardshar | 2 episodes |
| 1998 | *Wishbone's Dog Days of the West* | Wanda Gilmore | Television film |
| 2001–2003 | *Scrubs* | Nurse / Admitting Nurse | 3 episodes |
| 2002 | *The King of Queens* | Miss Berman | Episode: "Bun Dummy" |
| 2002 | *Friends* | The Nurse | Episode: "The One with the Pediatrician" |
| 2002 | *Push, Nevada* |  | Episode: "···---···" |
| 2002 | *Malcolm in the Middle* | Woman Guest | Episode: "Forwards Backwards" |
| 2003 | *According to Jim* | Ginger Curran | Episode: "No Harm, No Fowl" |
| 2008 | *The Unit* | Cindy Hines | Episode: "Into Hell: Part One" |
| 2010 | *Gary Unmarried* | Sue | Episode: "Gary Has to Choose" |
| 2010 | *Desperate Housewives* | Figurine Collecting Plumming Customer | Episode: "The Ballad of Booth" |
| 2010–2014 | *Life with Kat & McKay* | Cora | 7 episodes |
| 2012 | *The Middle* | Annie | Episode: "The Clover" |

## InfoBox

| Angee Hughes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1955-11-22) November 22, 1955<br>Memphis, Tennessee |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1994–present |


title: Gussie Gannon

abstract: James Edward Gannon was a professional baseball player. He was a pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League in one game, on June 15, 1895. He pitched five innings, allowing one earned run in the game. He also spent several years in the minors, finishing his career in 1900.

text:
# Gussie Gannon

**James Edward Gannon**  (November 26, 1873 – April 13, 1966) was a professional baseball player. He was a pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League in one game, on June 15, 1895. He pitched five innings, allowing one earned run in the game. He also spent several years in the minors, finishing his career in 1900.

## InfoBox

| Gussie Gannon | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1873-11-26)November 26, 1873
Erie, Pennsylvania | |
| **Died:** April 13, 1966(1966-04-13) (aged 92)
Erie, Pennsylvania | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 15, 1895, for the Pittsburgh Pirates | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 15, 1895, for the Pittsburgh Pirates | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 0–0 |
| Earned run average | 1.80 |
| Strikeouts | 0 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


abstract: The Eaton's Western Canada Women's Curling Championship was the championship for women's curling in Western Canada from 1953 to 1960. The event was the forerunner of Canada's national women's curling championship, which officially began in 1961. The event was announced in November 1952, with the formation of the Western Canada Ladies Curling Association, and the event was initially called the Eaton Western Ladies' Curling Championship. Eaton's, the main sponsor of the event, donated a specially designed trophy to be awarded to the winning team. They also provided financial compensation of the transportation and accommodation of the teams. The event usually featured the provincial champions of Canada's four western provinces, namely British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The inaugural event did not feature a team from BC, and in 1957, a team from Quebec was invited. The event was held as a double round-robin, with a playoff only held to break ties. The winner of the last event in 1960, Joyce McKee from Saskatchewan played off against the champions of Eastern Canada for the first Canadian championship. It was the only year a championship was organized for Eastern Canada. In January 1960, the Western Canada Ladies Curling Association voted to form a full national championship featuring teams from all of Canada's 10 provinces to be held in 1961.

text:
# Western Canada Women's Curling Championship

The **Eaton's Western Canada Women's Curling Championship** was the championship for women's curling in Western Canada from 1953 to 1960.

The event was the forerunner of Canada's national women's curling championship (now called the Scotties Tournament of Hearts), which officially began in 1961.

The event was announced in November 1952, with the formation of the Western Canada Ladies Curling Association, and the event was initially called the **Eaton Western Ladies' Curling Championship**. Eaton's, the main sponsor of the event, donated a specially designed trophy to be awarded to the winning team. They also provided financial compensation of the transportation and accommodation of the teams.

The event usually featured the provincial champions of Canada's four western provinces, namely British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The inaugural event did not feature a team from BC, and in 1957, a team from Quebec was invited. The event was held as a double round-robin, with a playoff only held to break ties.

The winner of the last event in 1960, Joyce McKee from Saskatchewan played off against the champions of Eastern Canada (Ruth Smith of Quebec) for the first Canadian championship. It was the only year a championship was organized for Eastern Canada. In January 1960, the Western Canada Ladies Curling Association voted to form a full national championship featuring teams from all of Canada's 10 provinces to be held in 1961.

## Champions

| Tournament | Winning Province | Winning Team | Host |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1953 | Saskatchewan | Janet Perkin, Phyllis Day, Jean Graham, Joyce Miller | Regina, Saskatchewan |
| 1954 | Alberta | Dorothy Thompson, Ila Watson, Hazel Olson, Pat Damburger | Edmonton, Alberta |
| 1955 | Manitoba | Ethel Wright, Norma McLean, Jean McKenzie, Philomene Floch | Winnipeg, Manitoba |
| 1956 | British Columbia | Marie McAllister, Betty Tansley, Lois Haddon, Isabel Campbell | Vancouver, British Columbia |
| 1957 | British Columbia | Marg Fuller, Pat Good, Sylvia Koster, Edna Quinney | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan |
| 1958 | British Columbia | Lois Haddon, Betty Townsley, Isabel Campbell, Ruth Ward, | Calgary, Alberta |
| 1959 | Manitoba | Isabelle Ketchen, Doris McFarlane, Isabel Phillips, Ruth McConnell | Brandon, Manitoba |
| 1960 | Saskatchewan | Joyce McKee, Sylvia Fedoruk, Donna Belding, Muriel Coben | Victoria, British Columbia |


title: Rosidor

abstract: Jean Guillemay du Chesnay, called Rosidor, was a 17th-century French playwright and actor. First a comedian in the Troupe du Marais, Rosidor composed a five-act tragedy entitled La Mort du Grand Cyrus ou La Vengeance de Tomiris en 1662. He also wrote a comedy Les divertissements du Temps ou la Magie de Mascarille and another play, Les amours de Merlin en 1671, although some sources date the plays in 1691 and attribute them to his son Claude. Rosidor played in the satire La critique des Satures de Monsieur Boileau in 1668, a play which was quickly forbidden. Rosidor became the leader of a troupe that moved in 1669 to the Danish court where it gave performances both in French and in German. However, the death of King Frederick III in 1670 put an end to their business. The troupe performed later in Germany where she served the Duke of Celle and in Italy. Rosidor married Charlotte Meslier, the daughter of a couple of comedians trained by Mathias Meslier and Nicole Gassot with whom he had a son, Claude-Ferdinand Guillemay du Chesnay who would also be an actor.

text:
# Rosidor

**Jean Guillemay du Chesnay**, called **Rosidor**, was a 17th-century French playwright and actor.

First a comedian in the Troupe du Marais, Rosidor composed a five-act tragedy entitled *La Mort du Grand Cyrus ou La Vengeance de Tomiris* en 1662. He also wrote a comedy *Les divertissements du Temps ou la Magie de Mascarille* and another play, *Les amours de Merlin* en 1671, although some sources date the plays in 1691 and attribute them to his son Claude. (father and son sharing the same nickname, this is a great source of confusion) Rosidor played in the satire *La critique des Satures de Monsieur Boileau* in 1668, a play which was quickly forbidden.

Rosidor became the leader of a troupe that moved in 1669 to the Danish court where it gave performances both in French and in German. However, the death of King Frederick III in 1670 put an end to their business. The troupe performed later in Germany where she served the Duke of Celle and in Italy.

Rosidor married Charlotte Meslier, the daughter of a couple of comedians trained by Mathias Meslier and Nicole Gassot with whom he had a son, Claude-Ferdinand Guillemay du Chesnay who would also be an actor.

## Works

* 1662: *La Mort du Grand Cyrus ou La Vengeance de Tomiris*, Cologne ou Liège, Guillaume-Henri Streel.
* 1671: *Les divertissements du Temps ou la Magie de Mascarille*, Rouen.
* 1671: *Les amours de Merlin*, Rouen.

## Bibliography

* Émile Campardon, *Les comédiens du Roi de la Troupe française*, Genève, 1970
* J. Fransen, *Les comédiens français en Hollande au XVII et XVIIIe siècles*, Genève, 1978


title: Northwest Branch Saint John River

abstract:
The Northwest Branch Saint John River is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) river primarily in Aroostook County, Maine, USA. Its origin is Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine) in Quebec, Canada. After crossing the Canada–United States border, the Northwest Branch runs south close to the border until it picks up its tributary, the Daaquam River, which also flows out of Canada. The Northwest Branch then runs generally eastward to its confluence with the Southwest Branch to form the Saint John River. Has current flowing in:
  - Montmagny Regional County Municipality (RCM): municipality of Lac-Frontière, Quebec;
  - Aroostook County:, in the state of Maine;
  - Somerset County, Maine:, in the state of Maine. On the Canadian side, the road 283 runs along the Canada-US border on 6.4 kilometres (4.0 mi) and crosses the "Northwest Branch Saint John River" at the South East side of the Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine). On the US side, a road from Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine) moves Eastward through the mountains. In addition, a road runs on the North bank on a river segment, downstream of the confluence of the Daaquam River and serves the township T11 R17 WELS in the North Maine Woods.

text:
# Northwest Branch Saint John River

The **Northwest Branch Saint John River** (French: *Décharge du Lac Frontière*) is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) river primarily in Aroostook County, Maine, USA. Its origin (46°42′04″N 69°59′55″W / 46.7012°N 69.9987°W / 46.7012; -69.9987 (Northwest Branch Saint John River source)) is Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine) in Quebec, Canada. After crossing the Canada–United States border, the Northwest Branch runs south close to the border until it picks up its tributary, the Daaquam River, which also flows out of Canada. The Northwest Branch then runs generally eastward to its confluence with the Southwest Branch to form the Saint John River.

Has current flowing in:

On the Canadian side, the road 283 runs along the Canada-US border on 6.4 kilometres (4.0 mi) and crosses the "Northwest Branch Saint John River" at the South East side of the Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine).

On the US side, a road from Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine) moves Eastward through the mountains. In addition, a road runs on the North bank on a river segment, downstream of the confluence of the Daaquam River and serves the township T11 R17 WELS in the North Maine Woods.

## Geography

The river segment of 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) between the bridge of the road 283 and the Canada-US border is considered an extension of Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine). Consequently, the "Northwest Branch Saint John River" officially rises at the US border and not at the mouth of Frontière Lake in the municipality of Lac-Frontière, Quebec.

This source is located at 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) Southeast of Lac Etchemin and 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) Northeast of the Canada-US border.

From its source, the "Northwest Branch Saint John River" flows on 20.7 kilometres (12.9 mi) of which 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) in Quebec and 19.6 kilometres (12.2 mi) in the Maine:

**Higher courses of Northwest Branch Saint John River** (segment of 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) in **Quebec**)

* 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) to the South in the municipality of Lac-Frontière, Quebec, to the Canada-US border;

**Intermediate Course of the Northwest Branch Saint John River** (segment of 9.9 kilometres (6.2 mi) in **Maine**, up to the confluence of the Daaquam River)

* 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) to the Southeast, up to the limit of the township T12 R17 WELS;
* 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) to the South and the Southwest, up to the confluence of the Otter River (Northwest Branch Saint John River) (from the West), located in the township T11 R17 WELS;
* 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the Southeast, up to the confluence of the Daaquam River (from West);

**Lower course of the Northwest Branch Saint John River** (segment of 9.7 kilometres (6.0 mi) downstream of the confluence of the Daaquam River)

* 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) Eastward up to Bean Creek (from the North);
* 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) to Southeast, up to Oak Brook (from the North);
* 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) Southward forming a curve to the East, up to the boundary between Bellechasse Township and the Township of St. John West, to the limit of Somerset County, Maine;
* 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to Southeast in the township of T10 R17 WELS Somerset County, Maine, up to the confluence of the river

"Northwest Branch Saint John River" flows on the Southwest bank of the Saint John River. This confluence is common with that of the Southwest Branch Saint John River (coming from South).

From the confluence of the Northwest Branch Saint-Jean River, the Saint John River flows Eastward and Northeast through Maine, then East and Southeast through New Brunswick. Finally, the current flows on the North bank of the Bay of Fundy which opens to the Southwest on the Atlantic Ocean.

* "Northwest Branch Saint John River". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. 30 September 1980. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
* Maine Streamflow Data from the USGS
* Maine Watershed Data From Environmental Protection Agency

## InfoBox

| Northwest Branch Saint John River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | *Décharge du Lac Frontière* (French) |
| Location | |
| Countries | Canada, United States |
| States | Quebec, Maine |
| Cities | Lac-Frontière, Quebec |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Frontier Lake (Quebec-Maine), municipality of Lac-Frontière, Quebec, Montmagny Regional County Municipality, Quebec |
| coordinates | 46°42′05″N 69°59′55″W / 46.70139°N 69.99861°W / 46.70139; -69.99861 |
| elevation | 357 metres (1,171 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Saint John River, Somerset County, Maine, Maine, United States |
| coordinates | 46°33′48″N 69°53′08″W / 46.56333°N 69.88556°W / 46.56333; -69.88556 |
| elevation | 318 metres (1,043 ft) |
| Length | about 20.7 kilometres (12.9 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | (from the mouth) Oak Brook, Bean Brook, discharge of Beaver Pond. |
| right | (from the mouth) Eastman Brook, Daaquam River, Otter Brook (or "rivière à la Loutre" in Quebec). |


title: Ulmus minor 'Holmstruph'

abstract: The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Holmstruph' was selected from seedlings of 'Hoersholmiensis' at Asger M. Jensen's nursery, Holmstrup, Denmark, and featured in the Plant Buyer's Guide ed. 6. 286 1958.

text:
# Ulmus minor 'Holmstruph'

The **Field Elm** cultivar ***Ulmus minor*** '**Holmstruph'** was selected from seedlings of 'Hoersholmiensis' at Asger M. Jensen's nursery, Holmstrup, Denmark, and featured in the *Plant Buyer's Guide* ed. 6. 286 1958.

## Description

The tree was chosen on account of its strong, quick-growing upright stem and branches bearing small leaves, making it suitable for street planting.

## Cultivation

No specimens are known to survive.

## Synonymy

* *Ulmus campestris Holmstrupii*

## InfoBox

| *Ulmus minor* 'Holmstruph' | |
| --- | --- |
| Species | *Ulmus minor* |
| Cultivar | 'Holmstruph' |
| Origin | Holmstrup, Denmark |


title: Gert Wilden

abstract: Gert Wilden was a German film composer. He was born in Mährisch Trübau. From 1956 through his retirement, he scored music for 50 feature films in numerous genres. However, he is perhaps best known for his music for erotic films in the 1970s, especially the Schoolgirl Report series. Wilden was married to former actress and singer Trude Hofmeister. Wilden died on 10 September 2015, aged 98.

text:
# Gert Wilden

**Gert Wilden** (born **Gert Wychodil**; 15 April 1917 – 10 September 2015) was a German film composer. He was born in Mährisch Trübau. From 1956 through his retirement, he scored music for 50 feature films in numerous genres. However, he is perhaps best known for his music for erotic films in the 1970s, especially the *Schoolgirl Report* (Schulmädchen Report) series.

Wilden was married to former actress and singer Trude Hofmeister. Wilden died on 10 September 2015, aged 98.

## Selected filmography

1. Wilden, Gert (2007). Erkennen Sie die Melodie?, p. 13.
2. Kristopher Spencer, *Film and television scores, 1950-1979: a critical survey by genre,* McFarland, 2008, ISBN 0-7864-3682-4, p.123
3. "Gert Wilden" (in German). SZ Gedenken. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
4. Germany mourns a porn composer


title: Ibn Sardan Stone

abstract: Ibn Sardan Stone is one of the artifacts found in the Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia. The solid stone measuring 19 cm wide and 37 cm long, it has a carved inscription "Ibnu Sardan 213” in Jawi script. The date 213 Hijr corresponds to the year 828-829 of Gregorian calendar. Ibn Sardan is the name of an Arab family known as scholars, seafarers and Islamic preachers. The discovery of this stone can further strengthen the theory that Islam has existed earlier in the Bujang Valley, proving that there are figures from the Middle East, whether Arabs or Persians, who traveled with the aim of developing the teachings of Islam in Malay Archipelago. The origins stone is stored in the Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum, Merbok, and its replica can be seen in the National Museum, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

text:
# Ibn Sardan Stone

**Ibn Sardan Stone** is one of the artifacts found in the Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia. The solid stone measuring 19 cm wide and 37 cm long, it has a carved inscription "*Ibnu Sardan* 213” in Jawi script. The date 213 Hijr corresponds to the year 828-829 of Gregorian calendar.

Ibn Sardan is the name of an Arab family known as scholars, seafarers and Islamic preachers. The discovery of this stone can further strengthen the theory that Islam has existed earlier in the Bujang Valley, proving that there are figures from the Middle East, whether Arabs or Persians, who traveled with the aim of developing the teachings of Islam in Malay Archipelago.

The origins stone is stored in the Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum, Merbok, and its replica can be seen in the National Museum, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


title: I Wrote a Simple Song (song)

abstract: "I Wrote a Simple Song" is a song by American soul musician Billy Preston that was first released as the title track to his album of the same name in November 1971. It was written by Preston and his regular collaborator, Joe Greene. The song was also Preston's first single on A&M Records, following the end of his tenure on the Beatles' Apple record label. In the United States, it peaked at number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100. Radio programmers there soon favored the B-side, the instrumental "Outa-Space", which had been Preston's choice for the lead side. "Outa-Space" became a breakthrough US hit for Preston and his first RIAA-certified gold single. The single was released in Britain on January 21, 1972. The recording features a guest appearance from Preston's Apple producer, George Harrison, on dobro, and an orchestral arrangement by Quincy Jones. The song serves as an example of Preston's continuing association with Harrison after the Beatles' break-up, despite his departure for A&M. Its release followed Preston's well-received performance of "That's the Way God Planned It" at Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh shows on August 1, 1971, which had raised Preston's public profile.

text:
# I Wrote a Simple Song (song)

**"I Wrote a Simple Song"** is a song by American soul musician Billy Preston that was first released as the title track to his album of the same name in November 1971. It was written by Preston and his regular collaborator, Joe Greene. The song was also Preston's first single on A&M Records, following the end of his tenure on the Beatles' Apple record label. In the United States, it peaked at number 77 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. Radio programmers there soon favored the B-side, the instrumental "Outa-Space", which had been Preston's choice for the lead side. "Outa-Space" became a breakthrough US hit for Preston and his first RIAA-certified gold single. The single was released in Britain on January 21, 1972.

The recording features a guest appearance from Preston's Apple producer, George Harrison, on dobro, and an orchestral arrangement by Quincy Jones. The song serves as an example of Preston's continuing association with Harrison after the Beatles' break-up, despite his departure for A&M. Its release followed Preston's well-received performance of "That's the Way God Planned It" at Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh shows on August 1, 1971, which had raised Preston's public profile.

## InfoBox

| "I Wrote a Simple Song" | |
| --- | --- |
| French picture sleeve | |
| Single by Billy Preston | |
| from the album  *I Wrote a Simple Song* | |
| B-side | "Outa-Space" |
| Released | December 20, 1971 |
| Genre | Soul, rock |
| Length | 3:28 |
| Label | A&M |
| Songwriter(s) | Billy Preston, Joe Greene |
| Producer(s) | Billy Preston |
| Billy Preston singles chronology | |
| "My Sweet Lord"
(1970) "**I Wrote a Simple Song**"
(1971) "Slaughter"
(1972) | |


title: Qala-e-Seraj

abstract: Qala-e-Seraj is a palace located in Mihtarlam, Laghman Province, Afghanistan. It was built by Amir Habibullah Khan c. 1912–13 to spend his winters there. Local officials spent 22 million Afs to rebuild the castle in 2020.

text:
# Qala-e-Seraj

**Qala-e-Seraj** is a palace located in Mihtarlam, Laghman Province, Afghanistan. It was built by Amir Habibullah Khan c. 1912–13 to spend his winters there. Local officials spent 22 million Afs to rebuild the castle in 2020.

## Description

The castle has two buildings, four towers, and a mosque.

## InfoBox

| Qala-e-Seraj | |
| --- | --- |
| Qala-e-SerajQala-e-Seraj in Afghanistan | |
| General information | |
| Type | Palace |
| Location | Mihtarlam, Laghman Province, Afghanistan |
| Coordinates | 34°39′55″N 70°12′40″E / 34.6651618°N 70.2110850°E / 34.6651618; 70.2110850 |
| Completed | c. 1912–13 |
| Renovated | 2020 |


title: Gultari Valley

abstract:
Gultari Valley (Balti:گلتری), located west of Kargil town with Skardu 288 km to its north and Dras in south, is amongst the biggest valleys of Pakistan-administered Baltistan on the disputed India Pakistan Line of Control (LoC) in Himalaya. It comprises three sub-valleys, Shingo, Saigar and Phultukus, with the majority people speaking the Shina language. Galtari is a district subdivision in Skardu District of Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region, with 10,000 population spread across 16 revenue estate villages, some of which have several isolated hamlets. This area is a subset of Shingo River, and its main tributary Shigar River also fall in this area, both of these and their tributaries form two main valleys and several subvalleys. Shingo River originates from the watershed immediate west of Burzil La on western fringe of Deosai National Park (DNP) in Pakistan administered area near the LOC. Shingo River flows west to east on Southern fringe of DNP through Gultari, Mousa Village, Faranshat, Buniyol, Kunar, Palawar, Thanus, Babachand and confluences with the Dras river near Latoo in Indian administered area. Road along this route of Shingo River is called the "Astor-Kargil Road". Shigar River, the main tributary of Shingo River, originates north of Shingo River & South of Sakardu near Burji La in the northern part of DNP and flows entirely to north of Shingo River. Shigar River flows Northwest to South East via Ginial and Shigar, and then confluences with Shingo River near Franshat. Area falls into the valley of
The area has been divided into two union councils for administrative purpose, i.e. Shingo Shighar and Gultari. The Shingo Shighar union council comprises six small villages in the valley of Shigar River: Pato thali, Nogham, Akberabad, Ginyal (Ginial), Matyal, and Thali. The Gultari union council includes 10 villages along the main Shingo River on "Astor-Kargil Road": such as Gultari khas, Sumuluk, Shawaran, Chamaluk, Franshat, Bunyal, Zaigham, Koner, Chundo, Thanote, Shakhma, Babachan, Fultuks. Since Pakistan-administered area of geostrategically important Gultari valley has been neglected by the Pakistan government, it remains underdeveloped. Consequently, due to nonexistence of hospitals, schools and other basic needs of life, majority of people have migrated to cities like Skardu, Gilgit, Rawalpindi or Karachi. The region is one of the coldest part of the country. Ali Sher Khan Anchan (1590–1625), a Balti king of Maqpon dynasty who unified Baltistan, merged Gultari with Skardu in Baltistan.

text:
# Gultari Valley

**Gultari Valley** (Balti:گلتری) (also known as *Shingo Shigar*), located west of Kargil town with Skardu 288 km to its north and Dras in south, is amongst the biggest valleys of Pakistan-administered Baltistan on the disputed India Pakistan Line of Control (LoC) in Himalaya. It comprises three sub-valleys, Shingo, Saigar and Phultukus, with the majority people speaking the Shina language. Galtari is a district subdivision in Skardu District of Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region, with 10,000 population spread across 16 revenue estate villages, some of which have several isolated hamlets.

This area is a subset of Shingo River, and its main tributary Shigar River also fall in this area, both of these and their tributaries form two main valleys and several subvalleys. Shingo River originates from the watershed immediate west of Burzil La on western fringe of Deosai National Park (DNP) in Pakistan administered area near the LOC. Shingo River flows west to east on Southern fringe of DNP through Gultari, Mousa Village (Haideri Bridge), Faranshat, Buniyol, Kunar, Palawar, Thanus, Babachand (turns south and enters Indian administered side of LOC) and confluences with the Dras river near Latoo in Indian administered area. Road along this route of Shingo River is called the "Astor-Kargil Road". Shigar River, the main tributary of Shingo River, originates north of Shingo River & South of Sakardu near Burji La in the northern part of DNP and flows entirely to north of Shingo River. Shigar River flows Northwest to South East via Ginial (collects its tributary Karapchu River) and Shigar, and then confluences with Shingo River near Franshat.

Area falls into the valley of The area has been divided into two union councils (elected village councils or panchayats) for administrative purpose, i.e. Shingo Shighar and Gultari. The Shingo Shighar union council comprises six small villages in the valley of Shigar River: Pato thali, Nogham, Akberabad, Ginyal (Ginial), Matyal, and Thali. The Gultari union council includes 10 villages along the main Shingo River on "Astor-Kargil Road": such as Gultari khas, Sumuluk, Shawaran, Chamaluk, Franshat, Bunyal, Zaigham, Koner, Chundo, Thanote, Shakhma, Babachan, Fultuks (Matial, Haramel, Domial, Machikial, Uchi, Das, Barbat, Baikhial are small hamlets of Fultuks).

Since Pakistan-administered area of geostrategically important Gultari valley has been neglected by the Pakistan government, it remains underdeveloped. Consequently, due to nonexistence of hospitals, schools and other basic needs of life, majority of people have migrated to cities like Skardu, Gilgit, Rawalpindi or Karachi. The region is one of the coldest part of the country.

Ali Sher Khan Anchan (1590–1625), a Balti king of Maqpon dynasty who unified Baltistan, merged Gultari with Skardu in Baltistan.

1. "Geography of baltistan".
2. Gilgit-Baltistan divided into three divisions, Express Tribune, 1 February 2012.
3. *Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent*, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019
4. Pletcher, Kenneth, *Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia*, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019
5. Tej K. Tikoo (19 July 2012). *Kashmir: Its Aborigines and Their Exodus*. Lancer International Incorporated. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-935501-34-3.

## InfoBox

| Gultari Valley گلتری | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gultari ValleyLocation in Gilgit–Baltistan (Pakistan) | |
| Coordinates: 35°6′23″N 75°3′30″E / 35.10639°N 75.05833°E / 35.10639; 75.05833 | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Territory | Gilgit–Baltistan |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+6 (GMT+5) |


title: Western Canada Theatre

abstract: Western Canada Theatre is a professional theatre company located in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1975 by Tom Kerr under the name Western Canada Youth Theatre. It currently offers seven live performances throughout the season; five mainstage and two alternative/experimental productions. The season runs from September to May each year. The company manages and performs in two spaces: Sagebrush Theatre, a 706-seat proscenium theatre, and Pavilion Theatre, a 150-seat black box theatre space. Sagebrush Theatre is the company's mainstage performance space while Pavilion Theatre is the site of the smaller productions. Sagebrush Theatre is shared with the Kamloops School District. The current artistic director is James MacDonald. Previous artistic directors include Tom Kerr, Frank Glassen, David Ross, Michael Dobbin, John Cooper, Jeremy Tow, and Daryl Cloran.

text:
# Western Canada Theatre

**Western Canada Theatre** is a professional theatre company located in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1975 by Tom Kerr under the name **Western Canada Youth Theatre.**

It currently offers seven live performances throughout the season; five mainstage and two alternative/experimental productions. The season runs from September to May each year.

The company manages and performs in two spaces: Sagebrush Theatre, a 706-seat proscenium theatre, and Pavilion Theatre, a 150-seat black box theatre space. Sagebrush Theatre is the company's mainstage performance space while Pavilion Theatre is the site of the smaller productions. Sagebrush Theatre is shared with the Kamloops School District.

The current artistic director is James MacDonald. Previous artistic directors include Tom Kerr, Frank Glassen, David Ross, Michael Dobbin, John Cooper, Jeremy Tow, and Daryl Cloran.

1. Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. Western Canada Theatre Company accessed January 28, 2011, Last updated 2009-09-15
2. Sagebrush Theatre
3. "MacDonald, James". *Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia*. Retrieved March 4, 2019.

50°39′59″N 120°19′11″W / 50.66627°N 120.31966°W / 50.66627; -120.31966

## InfoBox

Western Canada Theatre
| Formation | 1975 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Theatre group |
| Location |  |
| Artistic director(s) | James MacDonald |
| Website | www.wctlive.ca |


title: Hugh McDowell (rugby league)

abstract: Hugh McDowell was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Widnes, as a prop or second-row.

text:
# Hugh McDowell (rugby league)

**Hugh McDowell** (17 November 1907 – March 1972) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Widnes, as a prop or second-row.

## Playing career

### International honours

Hugh McDowell won a cap for England while at Widnes in 1939 against France.

### County Cup Final appearances

Hugh McDowell played at second-row in Widnes' 4–5 defeat by Swinton in the 1939–40 Lancashire Cup Final first-leg during the 1939–40 season at Naughton Park, Widnes on Saturday 20 April 1940, and played at second-row in the 11–16 defeat (15–21 aggregate defeat) by Swinton in the 1939–40 Lancashire Cup Final second-leg during the 1939–40 season at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 27 April 1940, and played at prop in Widnes' 7–3 victory over Wigan in the 1945–46 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1945–46 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on Saturday 27 October 1945.

## InfoBox

Hugh McDowell
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Hugh McDowell |
| Born | (1907-11-17)17 November 1907 |
| Died | March 1972(1972-03-00) (aged 64) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Second-row, Prop |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1930–46 Widnes 314 36 14 0 136  1940(guest) Oldham RLFC 9 0 1 0 2  1941(guest) St Helens 19 1 0 0 3  Total 342 37 15 0 141  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1939 England 1 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: Umbilical cord

abstract: In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and normally contains two arteries and one vein, buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low-oxygen, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.

text:
# Umbilical cord

In placental mammals, the **umbilical cord** (also called the **navel string**, **birth cord** or ***funiculus umbilicalis***) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low-oxygen, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.

## Structure and development

The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. The cord is not directly connected to the mother's circulatory system, but instead joins the placenta, which transfers materials to and from the maternal blood without allowing direct mixing. The length of the umbilical cord is approximately equal to the crown-rump length of the fetus throughout pregnancy. The umbilical cord in a full term neonate is usually about 50 centimeters (20 in) long and about 2 centimeters (0.75 in) in diameter. This diameter decreases rapidly within the placenta. The fully patent umbilical artery has two main layers: an outer layer consisting of circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and an inner layer which shows rather irregularly and loosely arranged cells embedded in abundant ground substance staining metachromatic. The smooth muscle cells of the layer are rather poorly differentiated, contain only a few tiny myofilaments and are thereby unlikely to contribute actively to the process of post-natal closure.

Umbilical cord can be detected on ultrasound by 6 weeks of gestation and well-visualised by 8 to 9 weeks of gestation.

The umbilical cord lining is a good source of mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) have been used clinically to treat osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases, and multiple other conditions. Their advantages include a better harvesting, and multiplication, and immunosuppressive properties that define their potential for use in transplantations. Their use would also overcome the ethical objections raised by the use of embryonic stem cells.

The umbilical cord contains Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous substance made largely from mucopolysaccharides that protects the blood vessels inside. It contains one vein, which carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the fetus, and two arteries that carry deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood away. Occasionally, only two vessels (one vein and one artery) are present in the umbilical cord. This is sometimes related to fetal abnormalities, but it may also occur without accompanying problems.

It is unusual for a vein to carry oxygenated blood and for arteries to carry deoxygenated blood (the only other examples being the pulmonary veins and arteries, connecting the lungs to the heart). However, this naming convention reflects the fact that the umbilical vein carries blood towards the fetus' heart, while the umbilical arteries carry blood away.

The blood flow through the umbilical cord is approximately 35 ml / min at 20 weeks, and 240 ml / min at 40 weeks of gestation. Adapted to the weight of the fetus, this corresponds to 115 ml / min / kg at 20 weeks and 64 ml / min / kg at 40 weeks.

For terms of location, the *proximal* part of an umbilical cord refers to the segment closest to the embryo or fetus in embryology and fetal medicine, and closest to the placenta in placental pathology, and opposite for the *distal* part, respectively.

## Function

### Connection to fetal circulatory system

The umbilical cord enters the fetus via the abdomen, at the point which (after separation) will become the umbilicus (belly button or navel). Within the fetus, the umbilical vein continues towards the transverse fissure of the liver, where it splits into two. One of these branches joins with the hepatic portal vein (connecting to its left branch), which carries blood into the liver. The second branch (known as the ductus venosus) bypasses the liver and flows into the inferior vena cava, which carries blood towards the heart. The two umbilical arteries branch from the internal iliac arteries and pass on either side of the urinary bladder into the umbilical cord, completing the circuit back to the placenta.

### Changes after birth

After birth, the umbilical cord stump will dry up and drop away by the time the baby is three weeks old. If the stump still has not separated after three weeks, it might be a sign of an underlying problem, such as an infection or immune system disorder.

In absence of external interventions, the umbilical cord occludes physiologically shortly after birth, explained both by a swelling and collapse of Wharton's jelly in response to a reduction in temperature and by vasoconstriction of the blood vessels by smooth muscle contraction. In effect, a natural clamp is created, halting the flow of blood. In air at 18 °C, this physiological clamping will take three minutes or less. In water birth, where the water temperature is close to body temperature, normal pulsation can be 5 minutes and longer.

Closure of the umbilical artery by vasoconstriction consists of multiple constrictions which increase in number and degree with time. There are segments of dilations with trapped uncoagulated blood between the constrictions before complete occlusion. Both the partial constrictions and the ultimate closure are mainly produced by muscle cells of the outer circular layer. In contrast, the inner layer seems to serve mainly as a plastic tissue which can easily be shifted in an axial direction and then folded into the narrowing lumen to complete the closure. The vasoconstrictive occlusion appears to be mainly mediated by serotonin and thromboxane A2. The artery in cords of preterm infants contracts more to angiotensin II and arachidonic acid and is more sensitive to oxytocin than in term ones. In contrast to the contribution of Wharton's jelly, cooling causes only temporary vasoconstriction.

Within the child, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus close up, and degenerate into fibrous remnants known as the round ligament of the liver and the ligamentum venosum respectively. Part of each umbilical artery closes up (degenerating into what are known as the medial umbilical ligaments), while the remaining sections are retained as part of the circulatory system.

## Clinical significance

### Problems and abnormalities

A number of abnormalities can affect the umbilical cord, which can cause problems that affect both mother and child:

### Clamping and cutting

The cord can be clamped at different times; however, delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord until at least one minute after birth improves outcomes as long as there is the ability to treat the small risk of jaundice if it occurs. Clamping is followed by cutting of the cord, which is painless due to the absence of nerves. The cord is extremely tough, like thick sinew, and so cutting it requires a suitably sharp instrument. While umbilical severance may be delayed until after the cord has stopped pulsing (1–3 minutes after birth), there is ordinarily no significant loss of either venous or arterial blood while cutting the cord. Current evidence neither supports, nor refutes, delayed cutting of the cord, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines.

There are umbilical cord clamps which incorporate a knife. These clamps are safer and faster, allowing one to first apply the cord clamp and then cut the umbilical cord. After the cord is clamped and cut, the newborn wears a plastic clip on the navel area until the compressed region of the cord has dried and sealed sufficiently.

The length of umbilical left attached to the newborn varies by practice; in most hospital settings the length of cord left attached after clamping and cutting is minimal. In the United States, however, where the birth occurred outside of the hospital and an emergency medical technician (EMT) clamps and cuts the cord, a longer segment up to 18 cm (7 in) in length is left attached to the newborn.

The remaining umbilical stub remains for up to 10 days as it dries and then falls off.

#### Early versus delayed clamping

A Cochrane review in 2013 came to the conclusion that delayed cord clamping (between one and three minutes after birth) is "likely to be beneficial as long as access to treatment for jaundice requiring phototherapy is available". In this review delayed clamping, as contrasted to early, resulted in no difference in risk of severe maternal postpartum hemorrhage or neonatal mortality, and a low Apgar score. On the other hand, delayed clamping resulted in an increased birth weight of on average about 100 g, and an increased hemoglobin concentration of on average 1.5 g/dL with half the risk of being iron deficient at three and six months, but an increased risk of jaundice requiring phototherapy.

In 2012, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists officially endorsed delaying clamping of the umbilical cord for 30–60 seconds with the newborn held below the level of the placenta in all cases of preterm delivery based largely on evidence that it reduces the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in these children by 50%. In the same committee statement, ACOG also recognize several other likely benefits for preterm infants, including "improved transitional circulation, better establishment of red blood cell volume, and decreased need for blood transfusion". In January 2017, a revised Committee Opinion extended the recommendation to term infants, citing data that term infants benefit from increased hemoglobin levels in the newborn period and improved iron stores in the first months of life, which may result in improved developmental outcomes. ACOG recognized a small increase in the incidence of jaundice in term infants with delayed cord clamping, and recommended policies be in place to monitor for and treat neonatal jaundice. ACOG also noted that delayed cord clamping is not associated with increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Several studies have shown benefits of delayed cord clamping: A meta-analysis showed that delaying clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term neonates for a minimum of 2 minutes following birth is beneficial to the newborn in giving improved hematocrit, iron status as measured by ferritin concentration and stored iron, as well as a reduction in the risk of anemia (relative risk, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40–0.70). A decrease was also found in a study from 2008. Although there is higher hemoglobin level at 2 months, this effect did not persist beyond 6 months of age. Not clamping the cord for three minutes following the birth of a baby improved outcomes at four years of age. A delay of three minutes or more in umbilical cord clamping after birth reduce the prevalence of anemia in infants.

Negative effects of delayed cord clamping include an increased risk of polycythemia. Still, this condition appeared to be benign in studies. Infants whose cord clamping occurred later than 60 seconds after birth had a higher rate of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy.

Delayed clamping is not recommended as a response to cases where the newborn is not breathing well and needs resuscitation. Rather, the recommendation is instead to immediately clamp and cut the cord and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The umbilical cord pulsating is not a guarantee that the baby is receiving enough oxygen.

#### Umbilical nonseverance

Some parents choose to omit cord severance entirely, a practice called "lotus birth" or umbilical nonseverance. The entire intact umbilical cord is allowed to dry and separates on its own (typically on the 3rd day after birth), falling off and leaving a healed umbilicus. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has warned about the risks of infection as the decomposing placenta tissue becomes a nest for infectious bacteria such as Staphylococcus. In one such case a 20-hour old baby whose parents chose UCNS was brought to the hospital in an agonal state, was diagnosed with sepsis and required an antibiotic treatment for 6 weeks.

#### Umbilical cord catheterization

As the umbilical vein is directly connected to the central circulation, it can be used as a route for placement of a venous catheter for infusion and medication. The umbilical vein catheter is a reliable alternative to percutaneous peripheral or central venous catheters or intraosseous canulas and may be employed in resuscitation or intensive care of the newborn.

#### Blood sampling

From 24 to 34 weeks of gestation, when the fetus is typically viable, blood can be taken from the cord in order to test for abnormalities (particularly for hereditary conditions). This diagnostic genetic test procedure is known as percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling.

### Storage of cord blood

The blood within the umbilical cord, known as cord blood, is a rich and readily available source of primitive, undifferentiated stem cells (of type CD34-positive and CD38-negative). These cord blood cells can be used for bone marrow transplant.

Some parents choose to have this blood diverted from the baby's umbilical blood transfer through early cord clamping and cutting, to freeze for long-term storage at a cord blood bank should the child ever require the cord blood stem cells (for example, to replace bone marrow destroyed when treating leukemia). This practice is controversial, with critics asserting that early cord blood withdrawal at the time of birth actually increases the likelihood of childhood disease, due to the high volume of blood taken (an average of 108ml) in relation to the baby's total supply (typically 300ml). The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists stated in 2006 that "there is still insufficient evidence to recommend directed commercial cord blood collection and stem-cell storage in low-risk families".

The American Academy of Pediatrics has stated that cord blood banking for self-use should be discouraged (as most conditions requiring the use of stem cells will already exist in the cord blood), while banking for general use should be encouraged. In the future, cord blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs) may be banked and matched with other patients, much like blood and transplanted tissues. The use of CBEs could potentially eliminate the ethical difficulties associated with embryonic stem cells (ESCs).

While the American Academy of Pediatrics discourages private banking except in the case of existing medical need, it also says that information about the potential benefits and limitations of cord blood banking and transplantation should be provided so that parents can make an informed decision.

In the United States, cord blood education has been supported by legislators at the federal and state levels. In 2005, the National Academy of Sciences published an Institute of Medicine (IoM) report which recommended that expectant parents be given a balanced perspective on their options for cord blood banking. In response to their constituents, state legislators across the country are introducing legislation intended to help inform physicians and expectant parents on the options for donating, discarding or banking lifesaving newborn stem cells. Currently 17 states, representing two-thirds of U.S. births, have enacted legislation recommended by the IoM guidelines.

The use of cord blood stem cells in treating conditions such as brain injury and Type 1 Diabetes is already being studied in humans, and earlier stage research is being conducted for treatments of stroke, and hearing loss.

Cord blood stored with private banks is typically reserved for use of the donor child only. In contrast, cord blood stored in public banks is accessible to anyone with a closely matching tissue type and demonstrated need. The use of cord blood from public banks is increasing. Currently it is used in place of a bone marrow transplant in the treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia, with donations released for transplant through one registry, Netcord.org, passing 1,000,000 as of January 2013. Cord blood is used when the patient cannot find a matching bone marrow donor; this "extension" of the donor pool has driven the expansion of public banks.

## The umbilical cord in other animals

The umbilical cord in some mammals, including cattle and sheep, contains two distinct umbilical veins. There is only one umbilical vein in the human umbilical cord.

In some animals, the mother will gnaw through the cord, thus separating the placenta from the offspring. The cord along with the placenta is often eaten by the mother, to provide nourishment and to dispose of tissues that would otherwise attract scavengers or predators. In chimpanzees, the mother leaves the cord in place and nurses her young with the cord and placenta attached until the cord dries out and separates naturally, within a day of birth, at which time the cord is discarded. (This was first documented by zoologists in the wild in 1974.)

Some species of sharkhammerheads, requiems and smooth-hounds—are viviparous and have an umbilical cord attached to their placenta.

## Other uses for the term "umbilical cord"

The term "umbilical cord" or just "umbilical" has also come to be used for other cords with similar functions, such as the hose connecting surface-supplied divers to their surface supply of air and/or heating, or space-suited astronauts to their spacecraft. Engineers sometimes use the term to describe a complex or critical cable connecting a component, especially when composed of bundles of conductors of different colors, thickness and types, terminating in a single multi-contact disconnect.

## Cancer-causing toxicants in human umbilical cords

In multiple American and international studies, cancer-causing chemicals have been found in the blood of umbilical cords. These originate from certain plastics, computer circuit boards, fumes and synthetic fragrances among others. Over 300 chemical toxicants have been found, including bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Teflon-related perfluorooctanoic acid, galaxolide and synthetic musks among others. The studies in America showed higher levels in African Americans, Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans due, it is thought, to living in areas of higher pollution.

## Additional images

## InfoBox

| Umbilical cord | |
| --- | --- |
| Umbilical cord of a three-minute-old baby. A medical clamp has been applied. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *funiculus umbilicalis* |
| MeSH | D014470 |
| TE | cord\_by\_E6.0.2.2.0.0.1 E6.0.2.2.0.0.1 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: Minister for Police (Western Australia)

abstract: Minister for Police is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by Paul Papalia of the Labor Party. The position was first created in 1919, in the first ministry formed by James Mitchell, and has existed in almost every government since. The current minister is primarily responsible for the Western Australia Police, although past ministers held responsibilities now assigned to the Minister for Emergency Services and the Minister for Road Safety. Between 2003 and 2008 there was a separate minister titled Minister for Community Safety. Since 2008, the minister for police has also been the minister for road safety.

text:
# Minister for Police (Western Australia)

**Minister for Police** is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by Paul Papalia of the Labor Party. The position was first created in 1919, in the first ministry formed by James Mitchell, and has existed in almost every government since. The current minister is primarily responsible for the Western Australia Police, although past ministers held responsibilities now assigned to the Minister for Emergency Services and the Minister for Road Safety.

Between 2003 and 2008 (in the Labor governments of Geoff Gallop and Alan Carpenter) there was a separate minister titled **Minister for Community Safety**. Since 2008, the minister for police has also been the minister for road safety.

## List of police ministers

Titles * 25 June 1919 – 5 June 1975: Minister for Police
* 5 June 1975 – 25 January 1982: Minister for Police and Traffic
* 25 January 1982 – 25 February 1983: Minister for Police
* 25 February 1983 – 19 February 1990: Minister for Police and Emergency Services
* 19 February 1990 – 1 July 2001: Minister for Police
* 1 July 2001 – 23 September 2008: Minister for Police and Emergency Services
* 23 September 2008 – present: Minister for Police

---

| Term start | Term end | Minister | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 June 1919 | 22 March 1924 | John Scaddan |  | Country |
| 16 April 1924 | 25 June 1928 | John Willcock |  | Labor |
| 25 June 1928 | 23 April 1930 | Harold Millington |  | Labor |
| 24 April 1930 | 24 April 1933 | John Scaddan (again) |  | Nationalist |
| 24 April 1933 | 15 July 1936 | Harold Millington (again) |  | Labor |
| 15 July 1936 | 24 March 1937 | Frank Wise |  | Labor |
| 24 March 1937 | 18 April 1939 | William Kitson |  | Labor |
| ***1939–1943: no minister – responsibility for police held by the Chief Secretary*** | | | | |
| 9 December 1943 | 1 April 1947 | William Kitson (again) |  | Labor |
| 1 April 1947 | 5 January 1948 | Ross McDonald |  | Liberal |
| 5 January 1948 | 6 April 1950 | Hubert Parker |  | Liberal |
| 6 April 1950 | 23 February 1953 | Arthur Abbott |  | Liberal |
| 23 February 1953 | 14 April 1956 | Herbert Styants |  | Labor |
| 20 April 1956 | 2 April 1959 | John Brady |  | Labor |
| 2 April 1959 | 7 November 1961 | Charles Perkins |  | Country |
| 16 November 1961 | 11 April 1962 | George Cornell |  | Country |
| 12 April 1962 | 3 March 1971 | James Craig |  | Country |
| 3 March 1971 | 30 May 1973 | Jerry Dolan |  | Labor |
| 30 May 1973 | 8 April 1974 | Ronald Thompson |  | Labor |
| 8 April 1974 | 10 March 1977 | Ray O'Connor |  | Liberal |
| 10 March 1977 | 5 March 1980 | Des O'Neil |  | Liberal |
| 5 March 1980 | 30 December 1982 | Bill Hassell |  | Liberal |
| 30 December 1982 | 25 February 1983 | Ian Medcalf |  | Liberal |
| 25 February 1983 | 25 February 1986 | Jeff Carr |  | Labor |
| 25 February 1986 | 12 May 1986 | Arthur Tonkin |  | Labor |
| 12 May 1986 | 25 February 1988 | Gordon Hill |  | Labor |
| 25 February 1988 | 19 February 1990 | Ian Taylor |  | Labor |
| 19 February 1990 | 16 February 1993 | Graham Edwards |  | Labor |
| 16 February 1993 | 9 January 1997 | Bob Wiese |  | National |
| 9 January 1997 | 28 July 1998 | John Day |  | Liberal |
| 28 July 1998 | 16 February 2001 | Kevin Prince |  | Liberal |
| 16 February 2001 | 25 January 2006 | Michelle Roberts |  | Labor |
| 3 February 2006 | 8 May 2006 | John D'Orazio |  | Labor |
| 8 May 2006 | 23 September 2008 | John Kobelke |  | Labor |
| 23 September 2008 | 29 June 2012 | Rob Johnson |  | Liberal |
| 29 June 2012 | 17 March 2017 | Liza Harvey |  | Liberal |
| 17 March 2017 | 19 March 2021 | Michelle Roberts (again) |  | Labor |
| 19 March 2021 | present | Paul Papalia |  | Labor |

## List of community safety ministers

| Term start | Term end | Minister | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 June 2003 | 25 January 2006 | Michelle Roberts |  | Labor |
| 3 February 2006 | 8 May 2006 | John D'Orazio |  | Labor |
| 8 May 2006 | 23 September 2008 | John Kobelke |  | Labor |


title: John C. Kimmel

abstract: John C. Kimmel is an American thoroughbred racehorse trainer. He holds a pre-med undergraduate degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder and he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School in 1980.

text:
# John C. Kimmel

**John C. Kimmel** (born June 25, 1954, in East Orange, New Jersey) is an American thoroughbred racehorse trainer. He holds a pre-med undergraduate degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder and he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School in 1980.

## InfoBox

| John Kimmel | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Trainer |
| Born | (1954-06-25) June 25, 1954
East Orange, New Jersey
United States |
| Career wins | 1,254+ (ongoing) |
| Major racing wins | |
| Test Stakes (1994, 1997)
First Flight Handicap (1994, 1995)
Coaching Club American Oaks (1995)
Diana Handicap (1996)
Beldame Stakes (1997)
Hempstead Handicap (1997)
Forego Handicap (1999)
Ruffian Handicap (1999)
Spinster Stakes (2001)
Florida Derby (2004)
Mac Diarmida Handicap (2005)
Woodward Stakes (2006)
Pennsylvania Derby (2007) | |
| Significant horses | |
| Better Than Honour, Elusive Lady
Hidden Lake, Premium Tap | |


abstract: "I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer" is the first single from Swedish rock band the Cardigans' sixth album, Super Extra Gravity (2005). The single was released in September 2005 and includes the B-side "For the Boys", which was previously released as the bonus track on the American release of their fifth album, Long Gone Before Daylight (2003), as well as "Explode" and "My Favourite Game", which were recorded live at the Kyiv Sporthall in December 2003. The single was successful in Sweden, where it debuted and peaked at number three on 6 October 2005, but it was not commercially successful elsewhere, failing to reach the top 50 in Germany and the United Kingdom. The song's music video was directed by Martin Renck and Jakob Ström.

text:
# I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer

"**I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer**" is the first single from Swedish rock band the Cardigans' sixth album, *Super Extra Gravity* (2005). The single was released in September 2005 and includes the B-side "For the Boys", which was previously released as the bonus track on the American release of their fifth album, *Long Gone Before Daylight* (2003), as well as "Explode" and "My Favourite Game", which were recorded live at the Kyiv Sporthall in December 2003.

The single was successful in Sweden, where it debuted and peaked at number three on 6 October 2005, but it was not commercially successful elsewhere, failing to reach the top 50 in Germany and the United Kingdom. The song's music video was directed by Martin Renck and Jakob Ström.

## Track listings

* **Scandinavian CD single**

1. "I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer" – 3:33
2. "For the Boys" – 3:37

* **European CD single**

1. "I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer" – 3:33
2. "Explode" (live in Kyiv) – 3:37
3. "My Favourite Game" (live in Kyiv) – 5:48

* **European 7-inch single**

A. "I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer" – 3:33 B. "Explode" (live in Kyiv) – 4:34

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 93 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 51 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 3 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 59 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2005) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 62 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Scandinavia | 28 September 2005 | CD |  |  |
| United Kingdom | | | 3 October 2005 |  |

## InfoBox

| "I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer" | |
| --- | --- |
| CD single cover | |
| Single by the Cardigans | |
| from the album  *Super Extra Gravity* | |
| B-side | "For the Boys" |
| Released | 28 September 2005 (2005-09-28) |
| Length | 3:33 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Tore Johansson |
| The Cardigans singles chronology | |
| "Live and Learn"
(2003) "**I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer**"
(2005) "Don't Blame Your Daughter (Diamonds)"
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| 7-inch single | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Promo single | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "I Need Some Fine Wine and You, You Need to Be Nicer" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Quaker Council for European Affairs

abstract: The Quaker Council for European Affairs (QCEA) is an international not-for-profit organisation which seeks to promote the values and political concerns of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) at the European level. It undertakes research and advocacy in the fields of peacebuilding and human rights policy, notably in relation to the European Union and the Council of Europe. Founded in 1979 by Quakers who worked in the European institutions, it is based in Brussels, Belgium, and is registered under Belgian law.

text:
# Quaker Council for European Affairs

The **Quaker Council for European Affairs** (QCEA) is an international not-for-profit organisation which seeks to promote the values and political concerns of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) at the European level. It undertakes research and advocacy in the fields of peacebuilding and human rights policy, notably in relation to the European Union and the Council of Europe. Founded in 1979 by Quakers who worked in the European institutions, it is based in Brussels, Belgium, and is registered under Belgian law.

## Work and issues

QCEA undertakes policy research, political advocacy and "quiet diplomacy" on peacebuilding and human rights issues in the context of European politics. Its efforts currently focus on building support for nonviolent conflict resolution, shared security, and the human rights of refugees in Europe. In general, QCEA’s advocacy efforts focus on the European Union and the Council of Europe, where many of the political decisions relevant to its work are made.

More generally, QCEA argues in favour of peaceful cooperation between European countries, and in defence of the European human rights framework established after the Second World War. It hosts conferences and tours for Quakers from across Europe which explore these themes further.

Prior to 2016, QCEA was also responsible for EU-level Quaker advocacy on matters such as economic justice and sustainability.

### Inter-institutional cooperation

QCEA is a member of several civil society working groups and umbrella organisations in Brussels, including the European Peacebuilding Liaison Office, the Human Rights and Democracy Network, and the European NGO Platform on EU Asylum and Migration Policy. It also collaborates bilaterally with other NGOs on specific matters.

QCEA also possesses "participatory status" at the INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe, allowing it to contribute to the work of the Council in a formal capacity.

## Structure

QCEA is established as a non-profit association under Belgian law (*association international sans but lucratif / internationale vereniging zonder winstoogmerk*). Its ultimate decision-making body is its General Assembly, with a smaller Executive Committee empowered to make decisions.

Support groups, which fundraise for QCEA and also participate in its governance, have been established in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Ireland.

## History

A small, informal Quaker presence in Brussels was already in existence in the 1970s, consisting of both locals and foreign bureaucrats living in the city. Motivated by both the increasing international profile of Brussels and the linguistic schism taking place in Belgium at the time, steps were taken to formalise this presence from 1975 onwards.

The newly-established Brussels Monthly Meeting began issuing a regular newsletter, *Around Europe*, still published today, which rapidly became a source of updates on European political developments for Quakers around the world. This galvanised support for a "Quaker International Affairs Representative" to be posted in Brussels, as well as for an associated body to oversee their work. To that end, QCEA was established in September 1979.

### Quaker House Brussels

QCEA’s offices are located in the European Quarter in Brussels, close to the EU institutions and Schuman metro station. They occupy a townhouse on Square Ambiorix which was acquired shortly after QCEA’s foundation; it also serves as the main Meeting House for Quakers in Belgium and Luxembourg. The building itself, built in the 1890s by the architect Georges Hobé, is a well-preserved example of *art nouveau* architecture and has protected heritage status.

## InfoBox

Quaker Council for European Affairs
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | QCEA |
| Formation | 1979 (1979) |
| Focus |  |
| Area served | Europe |
| Key people | * Timmon Wallis (director) |
| Website | www.qcea.org |


title: NGC 360

abstract: NGC 360 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 103 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Tucana. It was discovered on 2 November 1834 by John Herschel. Dreyer, creator of the New General Catalogue described the object as "extremely faint, very much extended 145°, very little brighter middle."

text:
# NGC 360

**NGC 360** is a spiral galaxy located approximately 103 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Tucana. It was discovered on 2 November 1834 by John Herschel. Dreyer, creator of the New General Catalogue described the object as "extremely faint, very much extended 145°, very little brighter middle."

## InfoBox

| NGC 360 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 360 as seen by DECam | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Tucana |
| Right ascension | 01h 02m 51.4s |
| Declination | −65° 36 36 |
| Redshift | 0.007693 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 2,306 km/s |
| Distance | 103 Mly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.40 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 13.4 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | Sbc |
| Apparent size (V) | 4.03' × 0.52' |
| Other designations | |
| ESO 079- G 014, 2MASX J01025144-6536359, IRAS 01009-6552, F01009-6552, ESO-LV 0790140, 6dF J0102515-653636, PGC 3743. | |