title: Oresuki

abstract: Ore wo Suki Nano wa Omae Dake ka yo Oresuki (俺好き), short for Ore wo Suki Nano wa Omae Dake ka yo, is a Japanese harem–romantic comedy light novel series written by Rakuda and illustrated by Buriki. ASCII Media Works published seventeen volumes from February 2016 to January 2022 under their Dengeki Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation with illustration by Yū Ijima was serialized via Shueisha's online manga app Shōnen Jump+ from February 2017 to August 2020. It has been collected in six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Connect aired from October to December 2019. An OVA was released in September 2020.

text:
# Oresuki

***Oresuki*** (俺好き), short for ***Ore wo Suki Nano wa Omae Dake ka yo*** (Japanese: 俺を好きなのはお前だけかよ, lit. "Are You Really the Only One Who Likes Me?"), is a Japanese haremromantic comedy light novel series written by Rakuda and illustrated by Buriki. ASCII Media Works published seventeen volumes from February 2016 to January 2022 under their Dengeki Bunko imprint.

A manga adaptation with illustration by Yū Ijima was serialized via Shueisha's online manga app *Shōnen Jump+* from February 2017 to August 2020. It has been collected in six *tankōbon* volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Connect aired from October to December 2019. An OVA was released in September 2020.

## Synopsis

*Oresuki* revolves around Amatsuyu "Joro" Kisaragi, an ordinary high school student who is invited out alone by two beautiful girls: the upperclassman Sakura "Cosmos" Akino and his childhood friend Aoi "Himawari" Hinata. Expecting to hear their confessions, he triumphantly goes to meet each of them in turn. However, both Cosmos and Himawari confess to Joro that they like his best friend, Taiyо̄ "Sun-chan" Ōga, instead of him. He reluctantly agrees to help both girls pursue Sun-chan in the hope of dating the loser, only to suddenly be confessed to by the unremarkable bookworm Sumireko "Pansy" Sanshokuin, who is the girl Sun-chan is in love with.

## Media

### Light novel

*Ore wo Suki Nano wa Omae Dake ka yo* is written by Rakuda and illustrated by Buriki. ASCII Media Works published the first volume on February 10, 2016 under their Dengeki Bunko imprint. The seventeenth and last volume was published on January 8, 2022.

| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | February 10, 2016 | 978-4-04-865747-1 |
| 2 | April 9, 2016 | 978-4-04-865885-0 |
| 3 | August 10, 2016 | 978-4-04-892286-9 |
| 4 | January 10, 2017 | 978-4-04-892601-0 |
| 5 | April 8, 2017 | 978-4-04-892831-1 |
| 6 | August 10, 2017 | 978-4-04-893282-0 |
| 7 | November 10, 2017 | 978-4-04-893466-4 |
| 8 | March 10, 2018 | 978-4-04-893684-2 |
| 9 | September 10, 2018 | 978-4-04-893913-3 |
| 10 | November 10, 2018 | 978-4-04-912099-8 |
| 11 | May 10, 2019 | 978-4-04-912527-6 |
| 12 | October 10, 2019 | 978-4-04-912796-6 |
| 13 | December 10, 2019 | 978-4-04-912908-3 |
| 14 | June 10, 2020 | 978-4-04-913204-5 |
| 15 | December 10, 2020 | 978-4-04-913576-3 |
| 16 | July 9, 2021 | 978-4-04-913834-4 |
| 17 | January 8, 2022 | 978-4-04-913904-4 |

### Manga

A manga adaptation, illustrated by Yū Ijima, was serialized on Shueisha's online manga app *Shōnen Jump+* from February 26, 2017 to August 23, 2020. The manga was compiled into six *tankōbon* volumes.

| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | August 4, 2017 | 978-4-08-881135-2 |
| 2 | March 2, 2018 | 978-4-08-881373-8 |
| 3 | January 4, 2019 | 978-4-08-881650-0 |
| 4 | October 4, 2019 | 978-4-08-881832-0 |
| 5 | March 4, 2020 | 978-4-08-882144-3 |
| 6 | October 2, 2020 | 978-4-08-882467-3 |

### Anime

An anime television series adaptation was announced at the "Dengeki Bunko 25th Anniversary Fall Dengeki Festival" event on October 7, 2018. The series was animated by Connect and directed by Noriaki Akitaya, with Rakuda handling series composition, Shoko Takimoto designing the characters, and Yoshiaki Fujisawa composing the music. The series aired from October 3 to December 26, 2019 on Tokyo MX, GYT, GTV, BS11, TVA, and ytv. Shuka Saitō performed the series' opening theme song "Papapa", while Haruka Tomatsu, Haruka Shiraishi, and Sachika Misawa performed the series' ending theme song "Hanakotoba". Aniplex of America licensed the series for distribution in English speaking regions, and streamed the series on Crunchyroll, FunimationNow in North America and the United Kingdom, HIDIVE in North America, and AnimeLab in Australia and New Zealand. An OVA was set to premiere on May 23, 2020, but was delayed to September 2, 2020.

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "I'm Really Just an Ordinary High School Student"
Transliteration: "Ore tte honto, doko ni demo iru heibonna na nda" (Japanese: 俺ってほんと、どこにでもいる平凡なモブなんだ) | October 3, 2019 (2019-10-03) |
| Joro begins his life as a high school student. Both the student council president Cosmos and Joro's childhood friend Himawari ask him to go out on a date. On Saturday, Joro goes on his date with Cosmos, but at the end she reveals her objective was to ask him to help her get close to the person she loves, Sun-chan, ace baseball player of the school and Joro's best friend. On the next day, Joro goes on his date with Himawari and she tells him the same thing. Both girls evidently fell in love with Sun-chan during the regional baseball finals the previous year. Joro reluctantly agrees to help both of them, at the back of his mind thinking he can at least get together with whoever loses. Constantly harassed at school by the two girls to help, Joro seeks solitude during lunch hour at the deserted school library. There he is approached by the librarian Pansy, who has been stalking him and confesses she's in love with him. | | | |
| 2 | "I'm Attacked by an Impossible Spiral"
Transliteration: "Ore ni osoi kakaru make no supairaru" (Japanese: 俺に襲い掛かる負のスパイラル) | October 10, 2019 (2019-10-10) |
| Joro continues trying to help Himawari and Cosmos get closer to Sun-chan, but progress is slow on both ends. He is blackmailed into seeing Pansy during lunch, who reveals Sun-chan is in love with someone. When Joro prods Sun-chan about his crush, Sun-chan confesses he is in love with Pansy, who he ran into at the regional baseball finals the previous year. Joro tries to get Pansy to go out with Sun-chan, but ends up making her upset. At the library, Joro is suddenly approached by Sun-chan, Himawari, and Cosmos, who reveal they know he's been playing them along. | | | |
| 3 | "I Was Meeting You"
Transliteration: "Anata ni atta" (Japanese: あなたに会った) | October 17, 2019 (2019-10-17) |
| After being confronted by Sun-chan, Himawari, Cosmos, and Pansy for his scheme, Joro gets knocked out by Sun-chan. Due to a student watching the confrontation, the school finds out about the incident and the student body ostracizes Joro. Receiving a text from Pansy after a week of bullying, Joro goes to the library to hear Pansy's "true feelings", only to witness Sun-chan flirting with Pansy. Suddenly, Pansy reveals she knew Sun-chan had tricked Joro by using Himawari and Cosmos' feelings for him to manipulate them into trapping Joro into a bad situation. When confronted into his motives, Sun-chan admits he had been in a situation like Joro in middle school, only in reverse, and he wanted revenge on Joro for taking away the one girl he had a crush on. Pansy rejects Sun-chan's feelings for her, revealing she had fallen for Joro after seeing him wait for Sun-chan at the regional baseball finals with his favorite foods. Sun-chan tries to force himself onto Pansy, but Joro comes to her aid and berates him for hurting the girls who love him. The next day, Himawari and Cosmos fend off the bullies (they had also watched the confrontation in another part of the library) and Sun-chan apologizes in front of the class. Joro reports this to Pansy, but he still doesn't want to keep seeing her in the library. Pansy then undoes her braids and shirt, revealing her true form: a beautiful and large-breasted girl who Joro had encountered at the baseball finals. Joro decides to start visiting her everyday. | | | |
| 4 | "The Results of My Hard Work"
Transliteration: "Ore ga ganbatta kekka" (Japanese: 俺がガンバった結果) | October 24, 2019 (2019-10-24) |
| Joro, Sun-chan, Himawari, and Cosmos feel depressed over everything that has happened between them, leading Pansy to encourage Joro to make up with them so they can become friends again. He successfully is able to do so with both Himawari and Sun-chan, albeit almost forgetting to with Cosmos. Together with Pansy, the group of 5 now gather at the library after school to study for mid-terms. After much tutoring from Cosmos and Pansy, everyone passes the mid-terms. | | | |
| 5 | "I Thought It Was Working Out Too Well For Me"
Transliteration: "Ore ni shite wa, umaku iki sugiteru to omottanda yo......" (Japanese: 俺にしては、うまくいきすぎてると思ったんだよ。。。。。。) | October 31, 2019 (2019-10-31) |
| Joro appears to be getting a confession from his classmate Asunaro, a member of the Newspaper Club. However, it turns out she is accusing him of being a scumbag who is three-timing Pansy, Himawari, and Cosmos. She threatens to expose his misdeeds by publishing an article, and after Joro protests his innocence. Asunaro agrees to shadow him and wait till the Flower Dance Festival before deciding. To get Asunaro off his back, Joro asks the three girls to avoid him for a while but they refuse. Joro is picked as the Flower Boy for the Flower Dance Festival, a traditional festival where one boy will dance with three girls. Himawari and Cosmos are two of the girls but no wants to be the third girl due to the rumors flying around Joro. In the end, Sun-chan becomes the third "girl" for the dance, leading the 4 of them to practice together. Asunaro's article on Joro gets accidentally published and he is confronted by the class' queen bee Sasanqua about it. Asunaro apologizes but due to the article, Pansy, Himawari, and Cosmos agree they should leave Joro alone in the meanwhile. To make up for this, Asunaro offers to practice with Joro instead for the Flower Dance. | | | |
| 6 | "When I Need to Say Something, I'll Say It"
Transliteration: "Ore wa, iu toki wa iu" (Japanese: 俺は、言う時は言う) | November 7, 2019 (2019-11-07) |
| The day of the Flower Dance is arrives and due to the PTO learning the third "girl" in the dance is a boy, they protest and Sun-chan is forced to drop out of the dance. Joro asks Asunaro to take his place as she has been practicing with him and would be the most logical replacement. However before they can, Cosmos insists on talking to Asunaro alone about it but Joro insists on tagging along. In the student council office, Cosmos reveals Asunaro was spreading rumors about Joro to isolate him, and told the PTO about Sun-chan, all as a ploy so she could become the third girl of the Flower Dance. Evidently, Asunaro has been in love with Joro since the regional baseball finals but since he is constantly surrounded by the three girls, she came up with this plan to get close to him. Joro rejects Asunaro and she goes to print a retraction of the article. Cosmos informs the third girl for the Flower Dance is Pansy and this was their plan all along. At the Flower Dance, Joro dances flawlessly with Himawari, Cosmos, and then Pansy. Pansy appears in her true form and the school is abuzz with the appearance of the mysterious beautiful girl. | | | |
| 7 | "I Discover an Unexpected Side"
Transliteration: "Ore wa igaina ichi men o shiru" (Japanese: 俺は意外な一面を知る) | November 14, 2019 (2019-11-14) |
| Joro, Sun-chan, Pansy, Himawari, and Cosmos go to a water amusement park. The three girls have a competition to see who Joro has the most fun with. Joro goes with Himawari on a water slide, Cosmos to ride a dolphin float, and Pansy for a hot spring bath. During the day, Joro has a chance encounter with Sasanqua, who he doesn't recognize, who is feeling bad about threatening him after hearing about the rumors. Joro inadvertently gives her advice and mentions offhand he prefers black hair to dyed hair. At the end of the day, Joro declares Sun-chan the person he had the most fun with. The next day in school, Sasanqua has changed her hair to black and she with her gang apologize to Joro. | | | |
| 8 | "Before I Knew it, My Tragedy Had Already Begun"
Transliteration: "Ore no Higeki wa kizuku to hajimatteru" (Japanese: 俺の悲劇は気づくと始まってる) | November 21, 2019 (2019-11-21) |
| A new transfer girl Tsubaki has appeared and she creates a ruckus by kissing Joro's hand and saying she is indebted to him. Evidently during the regional baseball finals, Joro bought a lot of food from her food stand and gave her encouragement when her shop was on the verge of collapse. Thanks to Joro, her family shop did a turnaround and even opened a second branch. At the library later on, Pansy lends Joro her prize book and asks him to read it. On his way home, he bumps into Himawari and accidentally drops the book. After realizing he lost it, he goes looking for it and encounters two girls who help him. The girls find Pansy's book, but it has already been badly damaged. The girls tell him the book is a rare one and it very expensive. Despite Pansy mentioning she doesn't need a replacement book, Joro insists on getting a new book for Pansy so he works part time at Tsubaki's shop. | | | |
| 9 | "My Conclusion After Much Consideration"
Transliteration: "Ore nari ni kangaeta kekka" (Japanese: 俺なりに考えた結果) | November 28, 2019 (2019-11-28) |
| Despite starting the part-time job well, Joro accidentally spills beer on a customer and gets a lashing down. Dejected from messing up on the job, he takes it out on Pansy but quickly regrets it. While brooding over this, he has a chance encounter with a stranger called Hose who gives him some advice on patching things up. Joro takes his advice and patches things up with Pansy. His part-time job goes off without a hitch and he finally receives his paycheck. He goes to buy the replacement book for Pansy but someone just bought the last copy before him. Dejected, he encounters Himawari who is revealed to be the person who bought the book and gives it to Joro. Himawari had noticed the damaged book and wanted to give him a new copy, and had used the money she had been saving up to buy a new tennis racket for her important tennis tournament. Joro gets angry as he wanted Himawari to focus on her tennis tournament, however they soon make-up, and Joro gets her a new racket as a birthday present, as she goes on to win the qualifiers for the tennis tournament. | | | |
| 9.5 | "I Politely Move Things Forward"
Transliteration: "Ore wa teinei ni susumeru" (Japanese: 俺は丁寧に進める) | December 5, 2019 (2019-12-05) |
| Recap episode of the first 9 episodes of the anime, narrated by Joro and Tampopo. | | | |
| 10 | "Even I'm Useful Once in a While"
Transliteration: "Ore datte tama ni wa katsuyaku suru" (Japanese: 俺だってたまには活躍する) | December 12, 2019 (2019-12-12) |
| Joro seems to be on the verge of another confession from a first-year girl called Tampopo, who is also the baseball team manager. However, it turns out she wants his help to hook-up Pansy and Sun-chan. Tampopo believes getting Sun-chan a girlfriend would help his mental state and bring out his baseball talent more, thus helping the team. She had figured out Pansy was the mysterious third girl at the Flower Dance. Afraid that she might reveal Pansy's secret, Joro reluctantly agrees to help. After some shenanigans, Pansy confronts Tampopo and reveals her feelings for Joro, thus making Tampopo give up her plan. | | | |
| 11 | "I May Not Be Needed"
Transliteration: "Ore wa iranai kamo shirenai" (Japanese: 俺はいらないかもしれない) | December 19, 2019 (2019-12-19) |
| The school library is on the verge of being shut down due to lack of use. Joro encounters Hose again and he agrees to help. Hose brings along two girls as added help, who happen to be the same ones helped Joro find Pansy's book. They introduce themselves as Cherry and Tsukimi. It turns out Hose has been the person Pansy has been desperately trying to avoid, even changing her appearance so he couldn't recognize her. Hose, Cherry, Tsukimi, and Pansy were all in the same middle school, but Hose became too obsessed with Pansy, thus causing her to cut all contact and go to a different high school and go incognito. Cherry and Tsukimi later reveal they are in love with Hose, but realize he is in love with Pansy, so they want to support his love and make them a couple. | | | |
| 12 | "The One I Love Is..."
Transliteration: "Ore ga suki nano wa....." (Japanese: 俺が好きなのは。。。。。) | December 26, 2019 (2019-12-26) |
| The school library has at last been saved and receiving more attention from students than usual. However Hose still continues to visit the library daily, making Pansy very uncomfortable. Sun-chan tries to help by asking Pansy to be his girlfriend so as to discourage Hose, but Hose remains relentless. Joro tries to help also by proposing a challenge with Hose, with the loser cutting all ties with Pansy. The challenge is for the girls to decide who she should be with, by giving either Joro or Hose the most hair barrettes. In addition, they decide whichever high school wins the upcoming regional baseball finals gets another vote. Joro thinks he has the advantage cause four of the girls are his friends, however right off the bat, Himawari, Cosmos, and Asurano give their barrettes to Hose and confess their love to Joro, stunning him. | | | |
| OVA | "Our Playball/ Our End Run/ Our Game"
Transliteration: "Oretachi no Gēmusetto" (Japanese: 俺たちのゲームセット) | September 2, 2020 (2020-09-02) |
| On the day of the big game, Sun-chan thinks back to his early time playing baseball, where the rest of his teammates, including his supposed friend Shiba, shun him for his skills and getting all the attention, so he develops his cheerful "Sun-chan" persona to counteract them, fearing being hated by others. Joro recalls the rules of his challenge with Hose, and how the rest of the girls added new stipulations, hindering some of Joro's plans. Himawari, alongside Cosmos and Asurano, calls Joro to meet up with them at the stadium, but he leaves early to hide from them, as everyone being together would result in the end of the competition. As he arrives at the stadium, Sun-chan remembers first meeting Joro in middle school, and how getting a quick glance at Joro's "true self" leads him to recognize him as a kindred spirit and seek to be friends. With the game starting, and after finishing up a favour, Joro meets up with Pansy who asks him how he feels about her, but he's unable to answer as Hose shows up to talk with her. He ends up helping a lost young girl find her sister, running into Cherry who stands her ground about sacrificing her love for Hose's. He bumps into Hose, ready to call everyone together, but leaves to find a better phone service, allowing Joro to sneak away. He comes across another girl looking for a key, which thanks to Sasanqua and her group, they manage to find. He finds Tsukimi but before he can try and convince her, is captured by Himawari and Asurano, as well as Hose, who wants to talk first.
On the bench, Sun-chan remembers back to middle school how Joro stood up to Shiba defending him, making him realize he doesn't put on his fake persona to make others like him, but rather to protect those he cares about. Hose approaches Joro adding a new stipulation to the competition, whoever loses can never interact with Pansy OR any of her friends either. Hose takes off his mask to reveal he is fully aware of Cherry and Tsukimi's feelings for him, and how he can't stand how far Joro has gotten for being a "background character" so wants to destroy all of his relationships. Sun-chan recalls the time when the girl he had a crush on confessed her love to Joro to him, while also witnessing Shiba make a move in the baseball game allowing them to score a point. After Tampopo gives him a hat as a good luck charm, he goes to thank Shiba, who apologizes for the way he's treated him all these years due to jealously, which he accepts, given his own personal history with underhanded tricks.
As Joro, Hose, and the girls get together to conclude the competition, Cosmos and Himawari convince Cherry and Tsukimi to be true to their feelings if their relationship means so much, allowing them to confess their love to Hose, which he declines. Cherry gives her barrette to Joro, though Tsukimi gives hers to Hose. With Hose seemingly winning, Joro reveals his secret strategy, he got Tsubaki, Sasanqua, her friends, and the girls he helped to give him barrettes, giving him the most. However, Hose reveals he knew about his scheme and called on all the girls at his school to give him barrettes, giving him 98. Hose reveals to the girls they can only be with Joro again if they stop being friends with Pansy, which they refuse, making her feel happy. Sun-chan and Tampopo show up revealing Joro's other secret strategy, with Sun-chan bringing together all the girls from their school to give him barrettes, ending up with 98 as well, completely shocking Hose at how in sync the two actually are. Sun-chan reveals Nishikizuta won the game, gaining last minute inspiration thanks to a message on the hat from Joro. Desperate to tie, Hose begs Pansy to give him her barrette, with Joro telling her to do what she wants, leading her to transform into her "true form", giving the barrette to Joro and once again confessing her feelings to him, as well as telling Hose to never approach her or her friends ever again.
After Cherry and Tsukimi drag a passed out Hose away, the girls, plus Sasanqua, wait to hear Joro's answer of who he is in love with. He seemingly confesses to Pansy, but then proceeds to confess to Cosmos, Himawari, and Asurano, confusing and annoying them. He declares he wants to be with all of them, having one person for each day of the week, also throwing in Sasanqua for the Friday, so the girls all angrily leave him behind in response. Tsubaki afterwards figures out despite his insistence, he did this to preserve the girls friendship with each other, rather than potentially fracturing it by picking someone. He meets up with Sun-chan with several bags of skewers, as he tells him he wants to share the skewers with him for winning the competition at the pool earlier. The boys enjoy their food together, while the girls watch cheerfully in the shadows, as Sun-chan thinks about all the girls who fell for him eventually fell for Joro, while Joro is the one always by his side, wondering "Are you the only one who loves me?" That night, Joro runs into Pansy, free from her disguise, thanking him for his help and once again asserting her love for him as they walk back home together. | | | |

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41. "俺を好きなのはお前だけかよ". *Tokyo MX*. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.

## InfoBox

| Oresuki | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first novel as published by ASCII Media Works in *bunko* format, featuring (from left to right) Cosmos, Pansy, and Himawari | |
| 俺を好きなのはお前だけかよ
(*Ore wo Suki Nano wa Omae Dake ka yo*) | |
| Genre |  |
| Light novel | |
| Written by | Rakuda |
| Illustrated by | Buriki |
| Published by | ASCII Media Works |
| Imprint | Dengeki Bunko |
| Demographic | Male |
| Original run | February 10, 2016January 8, 2022 |
| Volumes | 17 |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Rakuda |
| Illustrated by | Yū Ijima |
| Published by | Shueisha |
| Magazine | *Shōnen Jump+* |
| Demographic | *Shōnen* |
| Original run | February 26, 2017August 23, 2020 |
| Volumes | 6 |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Noriaki Akitaya |
| Produced by | * Nobuhiro Nakayama * Takaaki Yuasa * Kozue Kaneniwa * Tomoyuki Oowada * Yoshiyuki Shioya * Yuuki Yamaoka * Masaru Takahashi * Kentarou Kotaki |
| Written by | Rakuda |
| Music by | Yoshiaki Fujisawa |
| Studio | Connect |
| Licensed by |  |
| Original network | Tokyo MX, GYT, GTV, BS11, TVA, ytv |
| Original run | October 3, 2019  December 26, 2019 |
| Episodes | 12 + OVA |


title: Orestrate

abstract: Orestrate, also known as estradiol 3-propionate 17β-(1-cyclohexenyl) ether, is an estrogen medication and estrogen ester which was never marketed. It is the C3 propionate ester and C17β-(1-cyclohexenyl) ether of estradiol.

text:
# Orestrate

**Orestrate** (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name), also known as **estradiol 3-propionate 17β-(1-cyclohexenyl) ether**, is an estrogen medication and estrogen ester which was never marketed. It is the C3 propionate ester and C17β-(1-cyclohexenyl) ether of estradiol.

## InfoBox

Orestrate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Other names | Estradiol 3-propionate 17β-(1-cyclohexenyl) ether; 17β-(Cyclohexen-1-yloxy)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol propionate |
| Drug class | Estrogen; Estrogen ester |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * \[(8*R*,9*S*,13*S*,14*S*,17*S*)-17-(Cyclohexen-1-yloxy)-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta\[*a*\]phenanthren-3-yl\] propanoate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C27H36O3 |
| Molar mass | 408.582 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CCC(=O)OC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3CCC4(C(C3CC2)CCC4OC5=CCCCC5)C | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C27H36O3/c1-3-26(28)30-20-10-12-21-18(17-20)9-11-23-22(21)15-16-27(2)24(23)13-14-25(27)29-19-7-5-4-6-8-19/h7,10,12,17,22-25H,3-6,8-9,11,13-16H2,1-2H3/t22-,23-,24+,25+,27+/m1/s1 * Key:VYAXJSIVAVEVHF-RYIFMDQWSA-N | |


title: Oreta andrema

abstract: Oreta andrema is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Wilkinson in 1972. It is found in Nepal and China (Tibet).

text:
# Oreta andrema

***Oreta andrema*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Wilkinson in 1972. It is found in Nepal and China (Tibet).

## InfoBox

| *Oreta andrema* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Oreta* |
| Species: | ***O. andrema*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oreta andrema***<br>Wilkinson, 1972 | |
|


title: Orazio Annibale della Molara

abstract: Orazio Annibale della Molara or Horatio Annibaldi della Molara (1585–1643) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Manfredonia (1630–1643).

text:
# Orazio Annibale della Molara

**Orazio Annibale della Molara** or **Horatio Annibaldi della Molara** (1585–1643) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Manfredonia (1630–1643).

## Biography

Orazio Annibale della Molara was born on 10 Oct 1585 in Rome, Italy and ordained a deacon on 22 Feb 1611. On 18 Feb 1630, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Manfredonia. On 19 Mar 1630, he was consecrated bishop by Luigi Caetani, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Pudenziana. He served as Bishop of Manfredonia until his death on 7 May 1643.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Orazio Annibale della Molara | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Manfredonia | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Diocese of Manfredonia |
| In office | 1630–1643 |
| Predecessor | André Caracciolo |
| Successor | Antonio Marullo |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 19 Mar 1630
by Luigi Caetani |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 10 Oct 1585
Rome, Italy |
| Died | 7 May 1643 (age 57) |


title: Inside Mecca

abstract: Inside Mecca is a 2003 National Geographic documentary film by Anisa Mehdi that offers an intimate documentation of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca. Aside from providing insight regarding the universal principles of Islam, this production emphasizes the historical significance of Mecca to both the Muslim and non-Muslim population. Often constituting a journey of epic proportions, it follows several pilgrims throughout their trip, and highlight their physical and mental preparation, the strain induced by the journey itself, and the spiritual ecstasy experienced upon arrival. The film is narrated by American voice actor Keith David.

text:
# Inside Mecca

***Inside Mecca*** is a 2003 National Geographic documentary film by Anisa Mehdi that offers an intimate documentation of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca. Aside from providing insight regarding the universal principles of Islam, this production emphasizes the historical significance of Mecca to both the Muslim and non-Muslim population. Often constituting a journey of epic proportions, it follows several pilgrims throughout their trip, and highlight their physical and mental preparation, the strain induced by the journey itself, and the spiritual ecstasy experienced upon arrival. The film is narrated by American voice actor Keith David.

## Home media

After the National Geographic Channel broadcast, the documentary was released on DVD and Blu-ray.

## InfoBox

| Inside Mecca | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Anisa Mehdi |
| Release date | * 2003 (2003) |


title: Ornithonyssus bursa

abstract:
Ornithonyssus bursa is a species of mite.
It is most often a parasite of birds, but also has been found to bite humans and two species of mammals.
It usually lives in birds' feathers, but for laying its eggs, it more often uses their nests rather than their feathers. Tropical fowl mites undergo five stages during their development: egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult. During the last two stages, they suck blood from their host for food. They are often diurnal, whereas northern fowl mites are nocturnal in nature.

text:
# Ornithonyssus bursa

***Ornithonyssus bursa*** (also known as the **tropical fowl mite**) is a species of mite. It is most often a parasite of birds, but also has been found to bite humans and two species of mammals. It usually lives in birds' feathers, but for laying its eggs, it more often uses their nests rather than their feathers. Tropical fowl mites undergo five stages during their development: egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult. During the last two stages, they suck blood from their host for food. They are often diurnal, whereas northern fowl mites are nocturnal in nature.

## Synonyms

*Ornithonyssus bursa* has been described under the following synonyms, which are no longer used:

* *Leiognathus bursa* Berlese (1888)
* *Liponyssus bursa* Hirst (1916)
* *Ornithonyssus bursa* Sambon (1928)

## Description

*Ornithonyssus bursa* has four pairs of legs, three of which are located on the sternal plate. Towards its posterior end, its body narrows slightly. These two features distinguish it from another member of the genus, *Ornithonyssus sylviarum*, whose posterior end narrows considerably and which possesses only two pairs of legs on its sternal plate.

## Effects on humans

*Ornithonyssus bursa* can move from birds' nests into human homes. It also infests domestic fowl and can spread to humans handling fowl. Its bites cause small, irritating skin lesions and in some people, intense skin inflammation.

## InfoBox

| *Ornithonyssus bursa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Macronyssidae |
| Genus: | *Ornithonyssus* |
| Species: | ***O. bursa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornithonyssus bursa***<br>(Berlese, 1888) | |
|


title: Ornithonyssus sylviarum

abstract: Ornithonyssus sylviarum is a haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry. In both size and appearance, it resembles the red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. They primarily infect egg laying chickens. They contribute to economic damage and feed on their host's blood which leads to lowering the egg production and feed conversion efficiency. Anemia or death can be an effect of a high amount of infestation within the birds. While they mainly do target wild birds they can also become permanent ectoparasites in the domestic poultry. The main nesting sites are generally in a close proximity to poultry coops. This blood-feeding parasite is broadly distributed, and has been reported on 72 host species of North American birds in 26 families. The mites have been a major pest of the poultry industry since the early 1900s. The spread of these mites are mainly because they have the ability to hide in cracks or wild birds nests. In relation to humans they can hide in equipment and rodents. They have a high range of widespread in places like North America, Brazil, Australia, and China.”

text:
# Ornithonyssus sylviarum

***Ornithonyssus sylviarum*** (also known as the **northern fowl mite**) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry. In both size and appearance, it resembles the red mite, *Dermanyssus gallinae*. They primarily infect egg laying chickens. They contribute to economic damage and feed on their host's blood which leads to lowering the egg production and feed conversion efficiency. Anemia or death can be an effect of a high amount of infestation within the birds. While they mainly do target wild birds they can also become permanent ectoparasites in the domestic poultry. The main nesting sites are generally in a close proximity to poultry coops.

This blood-feeding parasite is broadly distributed, and has been reported on 72 host species of North American birds in 26 families. The mites have been a major pest of the poultry industry since the early 1900s. The spread of these mites are mainly because they have the ability to hide in cracks or wild birds nests. In relation to humans they can hide in equipment and rodents. They have a high range of widespread in places like North America, Brazil, Australia, and China.”

## InfoBox

| *Ornithonyssus sylviarum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ornithonyssus sylviarum*. Scale 1/10 mm, i. e. animal size is about 0.8 mm. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Macronyssidae |
| Genus: | *Ornithonyssus* |
| Species: | ***O. sylviarum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornithonyssus sylviarum***<br>(G. Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) | |
|


title: Ornithophily

abstract: Ornithophily or bird pollination is the pollination of flowering plants by birds. This sometimes coevolutionary association is derived from insect pollination (entomophily) and is particularly well developed in some parts of the world, especially in the tropics, Southern Africa, and on some island chains. The association involves several distinctive plant adaptations forming a "pollination syndrome". The plants typically have colourful, often red, flowers with long tubular structures holding ample nectar and orientations of the stamen and stigma that ensure contact with the pollinator. Birds involved in ornithophily tend to be specialist nectarivores with brushy tongues and long bills, that are either capable of hovering flight or light enough to perch on the flower structures.

text:
# Ornithophily

**Ornithophily** or **bird pollination** is the pollination of flowering plants by birds. This sometimes (but not always) coevolutionary association is derived from insect pollination (entomophily) and is particularly well developed in some parts of the world, especially in the tropics, Southern Africa, and on some island chains. The association involves several distinctive plant adaptations forming a "pollination syndrome". The plants typically have colourful, often red, flowers with long tubular structures holding ample nectar and orientations of the stamen and stigma that ensure contact with the pollinator. Birds involved in ornithophily tend to be specialist nectarivores with brushy tongues and long bills, that are either capable of hovering flight or light enough to perch on the flower structures.

## Plant adaptations

Plant adaptations for ornithophily can be grouped primarily into those that attract and facilitate pollen transfer by birds, and those that exclude other groups, primarily insects, protecting against 'theft' of nectar and pollen. The ovules of bird flowers also tend to have adaptations that protect them from damage during vigorous foraging by hard bird bills.

One of the general adaptation patterns is the red flower color for many plant species. The pollinator, birds, are tetrachromats, and one type of the single cone has specific opsin to detect long-wavelength light (below about 600 nm). Therefore, birds have red photoreceptors and are sensitive to red color, and red flower colors can have a strong contrast with green leaf background. Better bird attraction is thus the primary reason behind the red color adaptation. Moreover, flowers of generalist bird-pollinated species from the New World have purer red colors than those from the Old World, which often have a secondary reflectance peak around shorter-wavelength region. The secondary peak reduces the contrast of red color with the background and the avoidance of insects (higher risk of nectar robbing), decreasing the efficiency of pollination.

The flowers of generalist bird-pollinated plant species differ from those pollinated by specialized birds, such as hummingbirds or sunbirds by lacking long corolla tubes and having brush-like, exserted stamens. Most bird pollinated flowers are red and have a lot of nectar. They also tend to be unscented. Flowers with generalist pollinators tend to have dilute nectar but those that have specialist pollinators such as hummingbirds or sunbirds tend to have more concentrated nectar. The nectar of ornithophilous flowers vary in the sugar composition, with hexoses being high in passerine pollinated species while those that are insect pollinated tend to be sucrose rich. Hummingbird pollinated flowers however tend to be sucrose rich.

Different plants have also developed specific adaptations for bird pollination. Many plants of the family Loranthaceae have explosive flowers that shower pollen on a bird that forages near it. They are associated mainly with flowerpeckers in the family Dicaeidae. In Australia, some species of *Banksia* have flowers that open in response to bird actions thereby reducing the wastage of pollen. In tropical dry forests in southern India, ornithophilous flowers were found to bloom mainly in the hot dry season. *Calceolaria uniflora*, a species of Scrophularaceae from South America, has a special fleshy appendage on the lower lip of the flower that is rich in sugar. This is fed on by the least seedsnipe (*Thinocorus rumicivorus*) and in the process the birds brush pollen onto their head and transfer them to other flowers.

The rat's tail babiana (*Babiana ringens*) produces a strong stalk within the inflorescence that serves as a perch for the malachite sunbird as it visits the flower. Heliconias have special sticky threads that help in the adhesion of pollen to smooth structures such as the bill of a hummingbird. Some African orchids of the genus *Disa* have pollinaria that stick to the feet of visiting sunbirds.

Plants need to protect against nectar and pollen being taken by non-pollinators. Such animals are sometimes classified as thieves, which simply remove resources without pollinating, and robbers, which damage the flower to access resources. Flowers specialized for pollination by long-billed birds may be especially vulnerable to theft. For example, some bees and birds that cannot reach down the long tubes of bird pollinated flowers simply pierce the flower at the base to obtain nectar, without pollinating.

## Bird adaptations

The main families of specialized nectar feeding birds that are involved in ornithophily are the hummingbirds (Trochilidae), sunbirds (Nectariniidae), and the honey-eaters (Meliphagidae). Other important bird groups include those in the families the Icteridae, the honeycreepers (Thraupidae, Carduelinae), white-eyes (Zosteropidae) and the South African sugar-birds (Promeropidae). Birds may obtain nectar either by perching or by hovering with the latter mainly found in the hummingbirds and sunbirds. Within the hummingbirds, two kinds of foraging are noted with non-territorial "hermit" hummingbirds which forage longer distances and the territorial non-hermits.

Hummingbirds have the ability to digest sucrose unlike many passerines that prefer hexoses (fructose and glucose). Starlings and their relatives will completely avoid sucrose. Nectar feeding birds typically have a mechanism to quickly excrete excess water. They may have to drink four to five times their body mass of liquid during the day to obtain enough energy. Hummingbirds are capable of excreting nitrogenous wastes as ammonia since they can afford more water loss than birds that feed on low-moisture food sources. Hummingbirds and sunbirds also have special anatomical and physiological adaptations that allow them to quickly excrete excess water. Hummingbirds are also able to turn off their kidney function at night.

In some birds such as white-eyes, the pollen dusted by the plants on the forehead of the birds may increase the wear of these feathers leading to increased moulting and replacement.

## Patterns in the evolution of ornithophily

About 7000 neotropical plant species are hummingbird-pollinated in contrast to about 129 species of North American plants that have evolved ornithophilous associations. Nearly a fourth of the 900 species of the genus *Salvia* are bird-pollinated in Central and South America and a few also occur in South Africa. Tropical China and the adjacent Indochinese countries harbor relatively few bird-pollinated flowers, among them is *Rhodoleia championii*, a member of the family Hamamelidaceae, which at any one site can be visited and pollinated by up to seven species of nectar-foraging birds, including Japanese white-eyes (*Zosterops japonicus*, Zosteropidae) and fork-tailed sunbirds (*Aethopyga christinae*, Nectariniidae).

Hummingbirds rely on nectar for energy, and ornithophilous flowers need hummingbirds’ assistance with pollination in order to reproduce. While the birds are feeding, pollen sticks to their beaks, which will rub off on the next flower they visit, pollinating it. Over time, the co-dependence on one another causes the co-evolution of pollination syndromes. For example, different species of hummingbirds have differently shaped beaks, presumably to allow them to drink nectar from the flowers around them. It is widely believed that short-billed hummingbirds drink from wider flowers with short petals, and hummingbirds with longer bills have close relationships with flowers with long, narrow corollas. Most of the time, long-billed species have access to both short and long flowers, but they often avoid short flowers to avoid competition. Further, hummingbirds with curved bills will forage at straight-petaled flowers, but straight-billed birds are less likely to visit curved flowers. Ornithophilous flowers pollinated by hummingbirds often have reproductive structures that are vertically oriented. This creates a favorable upright body position for hummingbirds during feeding, one that allows them to sufficiently flap their wings for hovering. Hummingbirds prefer to visit larger and taller floral displays, and it has been proven and confirmed through many studies that birds prefer flowers with red or pink petals over other colors.

Bird pollination is considered as a costly strategy for plants and it evolves only where there are particular benefits for the plant. High altitude ecosystems that lack insect pollinators, those in dry regions or isolated islands tend to favour the evolution of ornithophily, most by specialized nectarivorous birds, such as hummingbirds or sunbirds. Plants pollinated by generalist birds are most diverse in tropical and subtropical lowlands with a pronounced climatic seasonality. These plants are mostly large, woody species that produce a large number of open flowers at the same time in contrast to the mostly small shrubs and herbs that are pollinated by specialized nectarivorous birds. Since generalist bird-pollinated plants are mostly self-incompatible they needed to adapt to pollinators that mostly provide outcrossing, such as generalist birds. These birds mostly feed on arthropods, fruits or seeds even if much nectar is available and therefore move a lot through the forest. By this activity they often move between nectar-providing plants and provide outcrossing. Generalist bird-pollinated plants even evolved deterring mechanisms against specialized nectarivorous birds and bees since these groups tend to establish feeding territories within one tree and thus most conduct self-pollination.

On islands however, generalist bird pollination did not evolve to avoid self-pollination but adapted to a reliable pollinator since bees and butterflies are rare just as on montane forests.

## Migration and flowering synchrony

Time of flowering is often used to mark the start of spring in temperate climate zones. Recently, studies have consistently found that plants respond to increasing temperatures by flowering earlier. Strong coevolution between hummingbirds and flowers has led to an adaptive specialization outcome in which important behaviors of both hummingbirds and flowers become synchronized. Because hummingbirds depend heavily on nectar, it is very possible that their migration is correlated with the time of flowering of flower species. For specialist hummingbird species, flowering phenology is extremely important for survival during and following fall migration. For example, the migratory route of the *S. rufus* is linked to the florescence of a unique collection of flower species. *S. rufus* prefer *S. iodantha* flowers. Studies have found that the presence of *S. rufus* is coupled with the flowering of *S. iodantha* in specific locations. Time of flowering is therefore significant for the survival of *S. rufus* during fall migration. Similarly, peak flowering of *Impatiens capensis* flowers corresponds to the peak migration time of the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird.

## Other associations

Several mite species (mainly in the genera *Proctolaelaps*, *Tropicoseius* and *Rhinoseius*, family Ascidae) have evolved a phoretic mode of life, climbing into the nostrils of hummingbirds that visit flowers and hitching a ride to other flowers where they can feed on the nectar. Hummingbird flower mites favour plants in the families of Heliconiaceae, Costaceae, Zingiberaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bromeliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lobeliaceae and Ericaceae, members of which are associated with hummingbirds.


title: Instituto Superior de Gestão

abstract: Instituto Superior de Gestão (ISG) is a private business school. ISG was founded in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1978. ISG is known as an innovative multidisciplinary Business School. ISG is located in Ameixoeira, a fast-growing region, on a part of what was once the Santa Clara's farm. At ISG, management education integrates knowledge and practical work, focused on challenges faced by managers in their day-to-day operations. ISG closely collaborates with companies. The school has up-to-date equipment.

text:
# Instituto Superior de Gestão

**Instituto Superior de Gestão** (**ISG**) is a private business school. ISG was founded in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1978. ISG is known as an innovative multidisciplinary Business School. ISG is located in Ameixoeira, a fast-growing region, on a part of what was once the Santa Clara's farm.

At ISG, management education integrates knowledge and practical work, focused on challenges faced by managers in their day-to-day operations. ISG closely collaborates with companies. The school has up-to-date equipment.

## Facilities

The ISG Business School functions as a reference school for management training in Portugal. The core elements in its teaching are its integrated knowledge & practical approach of teaching, which reflect the challenges faced by managers on a day-to-day basis. ISG has modern facilities and equipment.

The school buildings cover a built-up area of approximately 8,600 square metres (93,000 sq ft). The Institute has one auditorium with a seating capacity of 420, two 120-seat auditoria, 24 classrooms, a library and archive for documents, a self-access centre of languages, computer laboratories, offices, a common room for teachers, a bookshop/stationer, a bar and canteen, a social services centre and a common room for students.

The Palace of Santa Clara is a traditional recovered building housing administrative offices and classrooms, an annex for the offices of the Students' Association and the Academic Music Troupe.

## Courses

ISG is structured around three main scientific departments. It offers 4 undergraduate Degree programmes, 11 Master's degree programmes, and 10 Post-graduate Degree courses. Additionally, ISG offers vocational and continuing education courses. The courses fulfill the requirements for European Higher Education, and comply with the European Credit Transfer systems (ECTS). All undergraduate and graduate degrees are in compliance with the principles and norms of the Bologna Directives. All undergraduate and graduate degrees are in compliance with the principles and norms of the Bologna Directives.

## Sources & Websites

38°46′7.6″N 9°9′32.52″W / 38.768778°N 9.1590333°W / 38.768778; -9.1590333

## InfoBox

Instituto Superior de Gestão – School of Management
| Instituto Superior de Gestão – Escola de Gestão | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Private University |
| Established | 1978 |
| Rector | Manuel de Almeida Damásio |
| Dean | Prof. Doutor Miguel Varela |
| Location | Lisbon, Portugal |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | www.isg.pt |


title: Infinite Armies

abstract: Infinite Armies is a customizable card game for two players. It was created by Greg Porter, and published in 2005 by Blacksburg Tactical Research Center. It follows on the success of the collectible card game genre, but establishes its own niche by allowing players to fully design, customize, and print their own cards. Whether this is a viable business concept is still being tested, as most card games rely heavily on sales of cards and the continued publication of new cards. The heart of the game is a PDF file called iArmy Builder, which uses the functions of the Adobe Acrobat program to allow players to create and print their own cards using any graphics files they like. The first versions focused on traditional modern armies, with tanks, infantry, airpower, etc. But in theory, a player may base their cards on any idea they like, such as spacecraft, fantasy, cartoon characters, or even photos of friends and family.

text:
# Infinite Armies

***Infinite Armies*** is a customizable card game for two players. It was created by Greg Porter, and published in 2005 by Blacksburg Tactical Research Center. It follows on the success of the collectible card game genre, but establishes its own niche by allowing players to fully design, customize, and print their own cards. Whether this is a viable business concept is still being tested, as most card games rely heavily on sales of cards and the continued publication of new cards.

The heart of the game is a PDF file called *iArmy Builder*, which uses the functions of the Adobe Acrobat program to allow players to create and print their own cards using any graphics files they like. The first versions focused on traditional modern armies, with tanks, infantry, airpower, etc. But in theory, a player may base their cards on any idea they like, such as spacecraft, fantasy, cartoon characters, or even photos of friends and family.

## Reception

The game won the 2005 Origins Vanguard Award for new gaming concept. It is the first PDF-only game to win an Origins award.

1. "Origins Award Winners (2005)". Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts & Design. Archived from the original on 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2008-02-23.

## InfoBox

*Infinite Armies*
| Create, customize, challenge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Designers | Greg Porter |
| Publishers | Blacksburg Tactical Research Center |
| Publication | 2005 |
| Genres | collectible card game |
| Players | Two |
| Setup time | \< 3 minutes1 |
| Playing time | ~ 20 minutes |
| Chance | Low |
| Age range | 11+ |
| Skills | Card playing |
| 1 Game setup may take much longer when players first develop their cards. | |


title: Orgalim

abstract: Orgalim represents Europe’s technology industries, consisting of 770,000 companies that innovate at the crossroads of digital and physical technology. Our industries develop and manufacture the products, systems and services that enable a prosperous and sustainable future. Ranging from large globally active corporations to regionally anchored small and medium-sized enterprises, the companies we represent directly employ 11.7 million people across Europe and generate an annual turnover of €2,835 billion. Orgalim commits to champion an EU policy agenda for sustainable growth; to support the industry in its transformation; and to advance dialogue between business, policymakers and citizens on the relationship of technology to society. We are shaping a future that’s good. Orgalim is registered under the European Union Transparency Register operated jointly by the European Commission and the European Parliament – ID number: 20210641335-88. For more information, visit http://www.orgalim.eu/ or follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.

text:
# Orgalim

**Orgalim** (derived originally from the French **Organisme de Liaison des Industries Métalliques Européennes**) represents Europe’s technology industries, consisting of 770,000 companies that innovate at the crossroads of digital and physical technology. Our industries develop and manufacture the products, systems and services that enable a prosperous and sustainable future.

Ranging from large globally active corporations to regionally anchored small and medium-sized enterprises, the companies we represent directly employ 11.7 million people across Europe and generate an annual turnover of €2,835 billion.

Orgalim commits to champion an EU policy agenda for sustainable growth; to support the industry in its transformation; and to advance dialogue between business, policymakers and citizens on the relationship of technology to society. We are shaping a future that’s good.

Orgalim is registered under the European Union Transparency Register operated jointly by the European Commission and the European Parliament – ID number: 20210641335-88.

For more information, visit http://www.orgalim.eu/ or follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.

## History

Orgalim was formally created in late 1954, therefore pre-dating the official European Union project. Founding associations came from Austria, Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway. Meetings and informal collaboration between industries had begun in 1948, and although initially created as an informal club without any financial demands, the organisation became increasingly structured and eventually developed a secretariat in the early 1950s. Various other engineering groups had been created at the same time as the European Coal and Steel Community developed, such as MEFTA and COLIME. Orgalim members decided in 1960 to incorporate the groups into Orgalim as working groups.

## Overview

Orgalim is a European-level federation that engages with EU policymakers on behalf of its membership, speaking for 28 national industry associations and 20 European sector associations. Orgalim's advocacy work addresses a broad spectrum of policy and regulatory issues from digital transformation and trade to Internal Market and environment policies.

As part of its service, Orgalim publishes legal publications to provide companies with contractual solutions for business-to-business relations – with use cases ranging from product supply, product installation, repair and maintenance, to agency contracts and distributor abroad contracts.

Orgalim is a member of the Alliance for a Competitive European Industry (ACEI) and the European Forum for Manufacturing (EFM).


title: Ingrid Haubold

abstract: Ingrid Haubold is a German operatic soprano. After beginning her career in Munich and continuing with German companies, she moved on to major international opera houses, appearing as Isolde in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at the Teatro Real in Madrid in 1986, as Senta in Der fliegende Holländer at the Savonlinna Opera Festival, and in the title role of Beethoven's Fidelio at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.

text:
# Ingrid Haubold

**Ingrid Haubold** (born 1943) is a German operatic soprano. After beginning her career in Munich and continuing with German companies, she moved on to major international opera houses, appearing as Isolde in Wagner's *Tristan und Isolde* at the Teatro Real in Madrid in 1986, as Senta in *Der fliegende Holländer* at the Savonlinna Opera Festival, and in the title role of Beethoven's *Fidelio* at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.

## Life and career

Born in Berlin, Haubold first studied church music at the Musikhochschule Detmold. She then studied voice with Annelies Kupper at the Musikhochschule München. She was a scholarship holder of the Deutscher Bühnenverein. She became a member of the opera studio of the Bavarian State Opera, and also appeared at the Theater am Gärtnerplatz in the 1965/66 season. She was a member of the ensemble of the Landestheater Detmold from 1970, and of the Städtische Bühnen Bielefeld from 1972. After a break due to illness in 1978, she continued her career as a member of the Lübeck Opera in 1979, and had guest contracts with the Staatsoper Hannover and the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe from 1981.

Haubold performed on leading international stages beginning in 1986. She appeared as Isolde in Wagner's *Tristan und Isolde* at the Teatro Real in Madrid that year, and appeared at the Bayreuth Festival as Ortlinde in *Die Walküre* in 1986 and 1988. She was Isolde again at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1988, performed at the Teatro Regio the same year. In 1989, she appeared in the title role of *Ariadne auf Naxos* by Richard Strauss at the Schwetzingen Festival, and at the Lucerne Festival. In 1990, she was a guest at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in the title role of Beethoven's *Fidelio*. The same year, she performed as Brünnhilde in Wagner's *Der Ring des Nibelungen* at the Theater Saarbrücken, and as Senta in *Der fliegende Holländer* at the Savonlinna Opera Festival. She appeared at the Vienna State Opera in the 1990s, including as Isolde and as the Empress in *Die Frau ohne Schatten* by Richard Strauss. She performed the role of Rezia in Weber's *Oberon* at the Theater St. Gallen in 1993, was Brünnhilde in *Siegfried* at the Wiesbaden May Festival in 1996, and performed the title role of *Elektra* by Richard Strauss at the Ulm Opera in 1998. She appeared at the Teatro Massimo in Palermo, the Teatro Comunale Bologna, and the Antwerp Opera, among others, and at festivals such as the Richard Wagner Festival in Wels.

In concert, she sang recitals including contemporary music. She was a soloist in the 1990 premiere of Wolfgang Rihm's Requiem for soprano and orchestra, *Mein Tod. Requiem in memoriam Jane S.*, at the Salzburg Festival, with Michael Gielen conducting the ORF Radio-Symphonieorchester Wien.

Haubold recorded scenes from the first act of *Die Walküre* with René Kollo as Siegmund, conducted by Christian Thielemann in 1992. In 1993, she recorded Senta in *Der fliegende Holländer* with Alfred Muff in the title role, conducted by Pinchas Steinberg. Alan Blyth wrote for *Gramophone* that she was a "discovery":

> Here is a lyric-dramatic soprano who has just the steadiness and strength to encompass Senta's music and, as important, the histrionic power to convey most of the girl's obsession. As with the rest of the performance there is refreshing directness to her reading quite free of artifice or prima-donna pretensions, and she rises with only an occasional sense of not entirely inappropriate strain to the climaxes of the love duet and to the final moments of the opera as a whole. Her voice has a certain raw edge to it that may put off some but seems apt in this part.

Haubold has been professor for singing at the University of Music Karlsruhe. Among her students was the bass Doğuş Güney who studied with her from 2013 to 2015. She was married to the Finnish bass Heikki Toivanen until his death in 2006.

## Roles

Haubold's roles include:

## InfoBox

| Ingrid Haubold | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1943 (age 8081)<br>Berlin, Germany |
| Education |  |
| Occupations |  |
| Organizations |  |


title: Intergalactic Computer Network

abstract: Intergalactic Computer Network or Galactic Network (IGCN) was a computer networking concept similar to today's Internet. J.C.R. Licklider, the first director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at The Pentagon's ARPA, used the term in the early 1960s to refer to a networking system he "imagined as an electronic commons open to all, 'the main and essential medium of informational interaction for governments, institutions, corporations, and individuals.'" An office memorandum he sent to his colleagues in 1963 was addressed to "Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network". As head of IPTO from 1962 to 1964, "Licklider initiated three of the most important developments in information technology: the creation of computer science departments at several major universities, time-sharing, and networking." Licklider first learned about time-sharing from Christopher Strachey at the inaugural UNESCO Information Processing Conference in Paris in 1959. By the late 1960s, his promotion of the concept had inspired a primitive version of his vision called ARPANET. ARPANET expanded into a network of networks in the 1970s that became the Internet.

text:
# Intergalactic Computer Network

**Intergalactic Computer Network** or **Galactic Network** (**IGCN**) was a computer networking concept similar to today's Internet.

J.C.R. Licklider, the first director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at The Pentagon's ARPA, used the term in the early 1960s to refer to a networking system he "imagined as an electronic commons open to all, 'the main and essential medium of informational interaction for governments, institutions, corporations, and individuals.'" An office memorandum he sent to his colleagues in 1963 was addressed to "Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network". As head of IPTO from 1962 to 1964, "Licklider initiated three of the most important developments in information technology: the creation of computer science departments at several major universities, time-sharing, and networking."

Licklider first learned about time-sharing from Christopher Strachey at the inaugural UNESCO Information Processing Conference in Paris in 1959.

By the late 1960s, his promotion of the concept had inspired a primitive version of his vision called ARPANET. ARPANET expanded into a network of networks in the 1970s that became the Internet.

## Further reading


title: Orense S.C.

abstract: Orense Sporting Club is a professional football club from the city of Machala, Ecuador that plays in Serie A.

text:
# Orense S.C.

**Orense Sporting Club** is a professional football club from the city of Machala, Ecuador that plays in Serie A.

## Achievements

## Players

### Current squad

*As of 13 September 2024*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  ECU José Cárdenas  3 DF  ECU Óscar Quiñónez (on loan from Racing Club de Montevideo)  4 DF  ECU Steeven Quiñónez  5 MF  ARG Marcelo Eggel *(on loan from Deportivo Maipú)*  8 MF  ECU Richard Calderón  9 FW  ECU Dany Coronel  10 FW  ECU Robert Burbano  11 FW  ARG Agustín Herrera (on loan from Gimnasia Mendoza)  12 GK  ECU Rolando Silva  14 MF  ECU Erick Plúas  15 MF  ECU Bryan Viñán  20 FW  ARG Nicolás Servetto *(on loan from Club Almagro)* | No. Pos. Nation Player  21 MF  ECU José Andrade  24 DF  ECU Gabriel Achilier  29 MF  ARG Santiago Kubiszyn *(on loan from Deportivo Morón)*  31 DF  ECU Pedro Velasco  33 FW  ECU Miguel Parrales *(on loan from Guayaquil City)*  37 MF  ARG Enzo Acosta *(on loan from Estudiantes)*  50 MF  ECU Sergio Vasquez  52 DF  ECU Bryan Quiñónez  54 DF  ECU Erick Zambrano  57 MF  ECU Ariel Suárez  60 DF  ECU Yeltzin Erique *(on loan from LDU Quito)* |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Orense
| Full name | Orense Sporting Club |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | *El Vendaval Verde*
*La amenaza verde*
*Fortín bananero*
*Los bananeros* |
| Founded | 15 December 2009 (2009-12-15) |
| Ground | Estadio 9 de Mayo |
| Capacity | 17,800 |
| Chairman | Martha Romero |
| Manager | Santiago Escobar |
| League | Ecuadorian Serie A |
| 2023 | Serie A, 10th of 16 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Orhaneli power station

abstract: Orhaneli power station is a small lignite coal-fired power station in Orhaneli, Bursa Province, Turkey.

text:
# Orhaneli power station

**Orhaneli power station** is a small lignite coal-fired power station in Orhaneli, Bursa Province, Turkey.

## History

The power station was completed in 1991. It was shut down in January 2020 for not meeting new emission rules but reopened in June with a temporary licence to January 2021.

## Environment

Right to Clean Air Platform has called for flue gas emissions figures to be released.

## InfoBox

| Orhaneli power station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | * Turkey |
| Coordinates | 39°57′05″N 28°52′15″E / 39.9515°N 28.8708°E / 39.9515; 28.8708 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | * 1992 |
| Owners |  |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel |  |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | * 210 MW |
| Annual net output | * 1,294 GWh (2021) * 1,353 GWh (2020) * 1,570 GWh (2019) * 346 GWh (2022) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Orient Paper Mills

abstract: Orient Paper Mill is a paper and paper crafts manufacturer in Amlai, India. It has been associated with paper manufacture in Africa. The mill is part of Orient Paper & Industries which comprises the paper facility and manufacturers of Portland cement and ceiling fans, and which itself is a subsidiary of CK Birla Group. Orient has worked with Pan African Paper Mills in Kenya, in partnership with the Government of Kenya and the International Finance Corporation. The Orient Paper Mill was awarded the Golden Peacock Environment Management Award for 2006 by the World Environment Foundation (WEF).

text:
# Orient Paper Mills

**Orient Paper Mill** is a paper and paper crafts manufacturer in Amlai (Madhya Pradesh), India. It has been associated with paper manufacture in Africa. The mill is part of Orient Paper & Industries which comprises the paper facility and manufacturers of Portland cement and ceiling fans, and which itself is a subsidiary of CK Birla Group.

Orient has worked with Pan African Paper Mills in Kenya, in partnership with the Government of Kenya and the International Finance Corporation.

The Orient Paper Mill was awarded the Golden Peacock Environment Management Award for 2006 by the World Environment Foundation (WEF).

## Sources

1. CK Birla Group, Orient Paper
2. "Group Profile | CK Birla Group". *www.ckbirlagroup.com*. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
3. agencyfaqs, article 'Orient Paper Mills declared the winner of "Golden Peacock Environment Management Award'


title: Orient Park, Florida

abstract: Orient Park is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. Along with East Lake, it is a part of the census-designated place of East Lake-Orient Park.

text:
# Orient Park, Florida

**Orient Park** is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. Along with East Lake, it is a part of the census-designated place of East Lake-Orient Park.

## Geography

Orient Park boundaries include Uceta Yard to the south, Tampa Bypass Canal to the east, East Lake to the north, and Grant Park and Florence Villa to the west.

Major surface roads include U.S. Highway 301 and Broadway.

## Education

The community of Orient Park is served by Hillsborough County Schools.

## InfoBox

| Orient Park, Florida | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Orient
ParkOrient
Park | |
| Coordinates: 27°58′20″N 82°22′23″W / 27.97222°N 82.37306°W / 27.97222; -82.37306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Hillsborough |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |


title: Input/Output (EP)

abstract: Input/Output is an EP by the band The Letterpress that was released in 2003 by Sunset Alliance.

text:
# Input/Output (EP)

***Input/Output*** is an EP by the band The Letterpress that was released in 2003 by Sunset Alliance.

## Reception

While the critical reception for *Input/Output* was mixed, those who did not love The Letterpress's sound, praised its originality in creating complex melodies without any guitars, since the band features only two basses and a drum set.

Critics at Impact Press loved the record. According to them, the "\[t\]wo basses work together to create rhythmically beautiful melodies." allowing The Letterpress to feature "\[g\]reat musicianship with an original niche." Matt Shimmer at Indieville.com would also be a large proponent of the album, declaring that "this is a formidable effort from The Letterpress" which "should have no problem garnering interest from the math-rock and 'complex indie rock' communities," before giving the record a score of 85%.

Stephen Carradini at Independentclauses.com perhaps best expresses the opinion of those who did not absolutely love the record. While admitting "\[t\]he fact that The Letterpress can make music that would pass for smooth, hypnotic, guitar-based indie rock with only two basses is a spectacular achievement," Mr. Carradini contends that "\[t\]here is a point, though, where we have to distinguish novelty factor from actual musical ingenuity. While this is an extremely creative idea, and the music is good, 'Input/Output' sounds like a lot of other subdued indie rock. The members have expertly imitated electric guitars without actually playing electric guitars, but they imitated a little too well."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Input/Output" | 4:19 |
| 2. | "Autumn" | 2:02 |
| 3. | "Ember" | 2:48 |
| 4. | "Closer and Distant" | 3:48 |
| 5. | "Launch Sequence" | 4:15 |
| 6. | "Hanging in the Stars" | 3:42 |
| 7. | "Falling Away" | 4:00 |

## InfoBox

| Input/Output | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by The Letterpress | |
| Released | 2003 |
| Recorded | Flying Blanket Recording |
| Genre | Math rock, Indie rock, Emo |
| Length | 24:54 |
| Label | Sunset Alliance (ALLY 024) |
| Producer | Bob Hoag |


title: Orlando Arcia

abstract: Orlando Jesús Arcia is a Venezuelan professional baseball shortstop for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Milwaukee Brewers signed Arcia as an international free agent in 2010. He made his MLB debut in 2016 with the Brewers, and was traded to the Braves during the 2021 season.

text:
# Orlando Arcia

**Orlando Jesús Arcia** (born 4 August 1994) is a Venezuelan professional baseball shortstop for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Milwaukee Brewers signed Arcia as an international free agent in 2010. He made his MLB debut in 2016 with the Brewers, and was traded to the Braves during the 2021 season.

## Career

### Milwaukee Brewers

The Milwaukee Brewers signed Arcia as an international free agent in October 2010. He made his professional debut in 2011 with the Dominican Summer League Brewers. He missed the 2012 season due to a broken ankle he suffered during spring training. Arcia returned in 2013 to play for the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers of the Class A Midwest League and played for the Brevard County Manatees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League in 2014. He spent the 2015 season with the Biloxi Shuckers of the Class AA Southern League. In July, he played in the 2015 All-Star Futures Game. After hitting .307/.347/.453 with eight home runs, Arcia was named the Brewers Minor League Player of the Year for 2015. The Brewers added him to their 40-man roster after the season. He also spent 2014 and 2015 playing for the Caribes de Anzoategui of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League, a winter league held during MLB's offseason.

Arcia began the 2016 season with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. He made his major league debut on 2 August. In 55 games for the Brewers, he hit .219/.273/.358 with 4 home runs and 17 RBIs.

The following season, he played in 153 games, he hit .277/.324/.407 with 15 home runs and 14 stolen bases.

On 1 July 2018, he was demoted to AAA for the second time in the season. He was hitting .197 before the demotion. He was recalled on 26 July and rebounded to finish the season hitting .236/.268/.307 with 3 homers and 30 RBIs, including two walk-off singles. In game 3 of the NLDS against the Rockies, he homered off of Wade Davis to extend the Brewers' lead in their eventual series-clinching 6-0 victory. In Game 2 of the NLCS, he homered off of Hyun-jin Ryu to start the scoring, but the Brewers would lose that game to Los Angeles 4-3.

In 2019 he batted .223/.283/.350 with 15 home runs, and 59 RBIs. After the season, the Brewers acquired shortstop Luis Urías and had Arcia and Urías platoon at shortstop in 2020. He appeared in 59 games in the Covid-shortened season, batting .260/.317/.416 with 5 home runs and 20 RBI in 173 at-bats.

### Atlanta Braves

On 6 April 2021, the Brewers traded Arcia to the Atlanta Braves for Patrick Weigel and Chad Sobotka. The Braves assigned Arcia to the Triple-A Gwinnett Stripers. On 3 July, Arcia was recalled from Gwinnett. He and Sean Newcomb were optioned to Gwinnett on 31 July 2021, as trade acquisitions Jorge Soler and Richard Rodríguez joined the team. When rosters expanded in September 2021, Arcia rejoined the Atlanta Braves. In 2021 in the majors, between the two teams he batted .198/.258/.309 with 2 home runs and 14 RBIs in 81 at bats. The Braves finished with an 88–73 record, clinching the NL East, and eventually won the 2021 World Series, giving the Braves their first title since 1995.

On 30 November 2021, Arcia and the Braves agreed to a two-year contract worth $3 million. Following an injury to Ozzie Albies, Arcia became the Braves' starting second baseman. During a game against the Boston Red Sox on 9 August, Arcia injured his hamstring while running the bases.

In spring training in 2023, Arcia competed against Vaughn Grissom and Braden Shewmake for the starting shortstop job. Though Grissom entered the spring as the favorite, Arcia won the position on the strength of his glove; Grissom and Shewmake were optioned to Triple-A Gwinnett on 20 March. On Opening Day, Arcia and the Braves agreed to a three-year contract extension worth $7.3 million. The contract also included a team option for the 2026 season for $2 million, or a $1 million buyout. Arcia was hit by a pitch from Hunter Greene on 12 April, and remained on the injured list through 6 May. At the midseason, Arcia for the first time was named a starting shortstop for the National League in the 2023 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

## Personal life

He has an older brother, Oswaldo Arcia, who has also played in MLB.

## InfoBox

| Orlando Arcia | |
| --- | --- |
| Arcia with the Braves in 2024 | |
| Atlanta Braves – No. 11 | |
| **Shortstop** | |
| **Born:**  (1994-08-04) 4 August 1994
Anaco, Anzoátegui, Venezuela | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| 2 August, 2016, for the Milwaukee Brewers | |
| MLB statistics
(through 2024 season) | |
| Batting average | .242 |
| Home runs | 87 |
| Runs batted in | 334 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Instinto Asesino

abstract: Instinto Asesino is a series produced by Endemol Argentina for the Discovery Channel. Each episode portrays a notorious Criminal case that occurred in a country in Latin America. So far, cases depicted occurred in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela. The first season features six cases and the death toll caused by the six criminals combined surpasses one hundred victims, most of them women and children. A second season aired in Latin America, with eight episodes total.

text:
# Instinto Asesino

**Instinto Asesino** (Spanish: \[insˈtinto aseˈsino\], English: "Killer Instinct") is a series produced by Endemol Argentina for the Discovery Channel. Each episode portrays a notorious Criminal case that occurred in a country in Latin America. So far, cases depicted occurred in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela.

The first season features six cases and the death toll caused by the six criminals combined surpasses one hundred victims, most of them women and children.

A second season aired in Latin America, with eight episodes total.

## First season

### 1. "El Monstruo de los Cañaduzales"

*Broadcast 6 April 2010*

The opening episode discusses the case of Manuel Octavio Bermúdez, a Colombian pedophile and serial killer. His Nickname is "El Monstruo de los Cañaduzales" (The Monster of the Cane Fields). He confessed to the rape and murder of 32 children in remote areas of Colombia between 1999 and 2003.

### 2. "La Mataviejitas"

*Broadcast 13 April 2010*

Juana Barraza is a Mexican thief and serial killer. Her Nickname is "La Mataviejitas" (The Old Lady Killer). Arrested for killing and stealing the possessions of several middle-aged women between the late 1990s and 2006, there are questions about the real number of her victims, estimated between 25 and more than 40.

### 3. "El Maniaco del Parque"

*Broadcast 20 April 2010*

Francisco de Assis Pereira is a Brazilian rapist and serial killer, known as "O Maníaco do Parque" (The Maniac in the Park). He was arrested for the torture, rape and death of 11 women and for assaulting nine in a park in São Paulo, Brazil during the 1990s. Pereira found his victims by posing as a talent scout for a modeling agency.

### 4. "Masacre Escolar"

*Broadcast 27 April 2010*

A student, Rafael "Junior" Solich, was responsible for the school shooting at the Islas Malvinas middle school which occurred in 2004 in the city of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina, killing four students and wounding another five. On location filming at the school where the tragedy occurred was blocked by Argentine officials.

### 5. "El Padrino"

*Broadcast 4 May 2010*

Adolfo Constanzo was an American serial killer, drug dealer and cult leader, known as "El Padrino de Matamoros" (The Godfather of Matamoros). His cult is responsible for a series of human sacrifices in Matamoros, Mexico during the 1980s. He ordered a follower to kill him in the arms of his male lover.

### 6. "El Vampiro de Niteroi"

*Broadcast 11 May 2010*

Marcelo Costa de Andrade, a Brazilian pedophile and serial killer, confessed the rape and death of 14 children in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói in 1991. His habit to drink the blood of his victims earned him the nickname "O Vampiro de Niterói" (The Vampire of Niterói).

## Second season

### 1. "Bruja Asesina"

*Broadcast 7 February 2011* In Colombia, the case of a woman claiming to be a witch, and accused of killing at least eight people after being invited to their houses to perform rituals of healing and protection, but drugging her victims before taking their lives instead. Despite being sentenced to forty years of prison, she is currently on house arrest due to misconducts on her trial.

### 2. "La Massacre de Pozzeto"

*Broadcast 14 February 2011* Colombia, 1986. A Colombian Vietnam War veteran, Campo Elías Delgado, murders his own mother triggering a killing spree that resulted in thirty people dead, the last to die being the murderer himself. 25 years later, a forensics team try to determine if the man took his own life, or was killed during the shootout with police at the restaurant where his spree ended.

### 3. "El Monstruo de Rio Claro"

*Broadcast 21 February 2011* The Brazilian city of Rio Claro was terrorized during the 1990s by Laerte Patrocínio Orpinelli, a serial rapist and killer who according to his own testimony, had taken the lives of at least one hundred children before being arrested. Despite the real number of victims is unknown, he was convicted for the death of at least nine children.

### 4. "El Maniaco de Trianon"

São Paulo, Brazil. By the first years of the decade of 1980, with increasing anxiety in the gay community due to AIDS, a male prostitute, Fortunato Botton Neto, is responsible for the death of 13 of his clients, all of them homosexuals.

### 5. "La Hiena de Querétaro"

1989, Querétaro, Mexico. After having a serious argument with her husband, Claudia Mijangos grabs some knives and slays her three children. Two decades later, there are still many unanswered questions about the crime, including her supposed infatuation with one of the local priests and its possible connection with the murder of her children.

### 6. "El Sadico"

2005, Mexico City. An ex-member of the military, Raúl Osiel Marroquín, pretends to be a homosexual and attracted four young homosexual boys to his house, where they were tortured and executed with the help of an accomplice, regardless of having been paid for their ransoms or not.

### 7. "La Casa del Horror"

2003, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The disappearance of nine-year-old Marela Martínez caused widespread commotion when an international effort to search for the child was established. Five months later, the bodies of two girls raped and beaten to death (including Marela's) were found at a neighbor's house. The arrest of the criminal was only part of the dark story surrounding him and the child's family.

### 8. "Viuda Negra"

2003, Cordoba, Argentina. The suspicious circumstances surrounding the death of a senior citizen put the police on the trail of a "Black Widow" who seduced older men in order to take possession of their assets and even poisoned some of them to death.

## Third season

### 1. "Furia en Caracas"

2008, Caracas, Venezuela. A young woman is found murdered. Could the prime suspect, a therapist with over 50 years of experience and Venezuelan presidents among his patients, be a murderer? When police search his home, they find a stash of photographs revealing the extent of the doctor's crimes against women.

### 2. "Secretos de Familia"

2002, Buenos Aires, Argentina. María Marta García Belsunce is found dead. At first, it appears to be an accident, but an autopsy reveals her death to be a homicide.

### 3. "Entre el Amor y el Espanto"

2009, Ibagué, Colombia. A black garbage bag catches the eye of a farmer; its contents turn out to be a woman's head. When she is identified, it is revealed that she is the wife of Joaquín Aldana, a police colonel with an impeccable record who had fought Colombia's drug cartels for years, and is now the man implicated in her murder.

### 4. "El Atajo de la Muerte"

1998, São Paulo, Brazil. Seven-months pregnant, Patricia Aggio Longo is found in a van, shot twice. Her husband, prosecutor Igor Ferreira da Silva, claims that his wife was kidnapped. At first, the prosecutor helps investigators to locate a suspect, but after being unable to identify him, da Silva's own colleagues began to suspect that he knows more about his wife's death than he is saying.

### 5. "Mil Caras"

2009, Bogotá, Colombia. Alejandra Díaz Lezama is murdered, shot once in the head. Her husband, city councillor Vladimir Melo, alleges it to be a murder committed in the course of a robbery, while the police believe her death to be a professional hit. Through an informant, police arrest the killers, who reveal that Alejandra Díaz Lezama was well acquainted with the man who ordered her death.

### 6. "Codicia Extrema"

2004, San Vicente, Argentina. Police respond to a call from Alex Cantero and friend Tito Muñoz, who say they returned home from a night out to find Cantero's parents, Jorge and Minond, and grandmother, Norma, murdered, shot several times. When one of the friends attempt suicide, a third one comes forward to reveal that the two acted together in order win a large inheritance.

### 7. "La Quintrala"

2008, Santiago, Chile. Maria del Pilar Pérez López, an architect known as "La Quintrala," is found unconscious, the result of attempted suicide by painkiller overdose. Two days previously, her niece's boyfriend had been shot to death by a hitman; when the hitman is arrested, he reveals that he was paid by La Quintrala to murder her brother, but the boyfriend was shot accidentally. From here, it is revealed that the boyfriend is far from La Quintrala's only victim.

### 8. "Justicia para Isabella"

2009, São Paulo, Brazil. 5-year-old Isabella Nardoni falls from the sixth floor of a building and dies before arriving at the hospital. What at first appears to be a tragic accident turns sinister when forensic investigators reconstruct the crime and discover that Isabella could not have fallen, but must have been thrown from the window instead.

### 9. "Los Niños ya están Durmiendo"

2002, Zipacón, Colombia. Former Senator Martha Catalina Daniels Guzmán, her friend, and her driver, are found murdered in a ravine. Daniels, whose sister had once been kidnapped by FARC terrorists, was negotiating with the group for the release of hostages. At first, it is believed that Daniels was killed while negotiating a hostage release, but it is soon revealed that a former hostage, her sister, is involved in her death.

### 10. "Águila o Sello"

2010, Monterrey, Mexico. Víctor Castro Santillán, a student, is found murdered near some railroad tracks. At first, his death appears to be related to organized crime. However, it is soon discovered that his death is the result of a love triangle involving a French exchange student and the son of a prominent businessman and politician.

## InfoBox

| *Instinto Asesino* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Directed by | Michela Giorelli, Rafael Rodriguez |
| Original language | Spanish |
| No. of seasons | 3 |
| No. of episodes | 24 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | Endemol Argentina |
| Original release | |
| Network | Discovery en Espanol |
| Release | 6 April 2010 (2010-04-06) <br>present |


title: Instinctus Bestialis

abstract: Instinctus Bestialis is the ninth full-length studio album by Norwegian black metal act Gorgoroth. It was released on 8 June 2015 by Soulseller Records. It was also released digitally, as well as on digipak CD in a limited first pressing, limited black vinyl LP and limited picture vinyl LP. It is the first album to feature vocalist Atterigner and was the last to feature bassist Bøddel, who died from cancer four months after the album's release. The album cover is taken from a painting called Christ in Limbo.

text:
# Instinctus Bestialis

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Terra Relicta |  |
| Metal Maniac |  |
| Metal Injection |  |
| Revolver Magazine |  |
| Sputnikmusic |  |
| Angry Metal Guy |  |
| Metal.de |  |
| Against Magazine |  |
| Time for Metal |  |

***Instinctus Bestialis*** is the ninth full-length studio album by Norwegian black metal act Gorgoroth. It was released on 8 June 2015 by Soulseller Records. It was also released digitally, as well as on digipak CD in a limited first pressing, limited black vinyl LP and limited picture vinyl LP. It is the first album to feature vocalist Atterigner and was the last to feature bassist Bøddel, who died from cancer four months after the album's release. The album cover is taken from a painting called Christ in Limbo.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by V. Horg, except track 1 and 5 by A. Behemot; all music is composed by Infernus

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Radix Malorum" | 3:14 |
| 2. | "Dionysian Rite" | 4:05 |
| 3. | "Ad Omnipotens Aeterne Diabolus" | 5:45 |
| 4. | "Come Night" | 2:41 |
| 5. | "Burn in His Light" | 4:02 |
| 6. | "Rage" | 4:03 |
| 7. | "Kala Brahman" | 5:23 |
| 8. | "Awakening" | 2:07 |

## Personnel

### Gorgoroth

* Atterigner – vocals
* Infernus – guitars, production
* Bøddel – bass
* Asklund – drums, recording, mixing, production, mastering

### Additional personnel

* Chris Cannella – guest lead guitar (track 5)
* Fábio Zperandio – guest lead guitar (track 5)
* Henrik "Typhos" Ekeroth – guest lead guitar (track 6)
* Mats Lindfors – mixing, mastering

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 42 |

## InfoBox

| Instinctus Bestialis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Gorgoroth | |
| Released | 8 June 2015 (2015-06-08) |
| Recorded | September–December 2013 |
| Genre | Black metal |
| Length | 31:20 |
| Label | Soulseller Records |
| Producer | Infernus, Asklund |
| Gorgoroth chronology | |
| *Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt*
(2009) ***Instinctus Bestialis***
(2015) | |


abstract: The Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, or IIMAS is the research institute of the UNAM in Mexico City which focuses on computer science, applied mathematics, robotics and control engineering.

text:
# Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas

The **Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas**, or **IIMAS** ("Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute") is the research institute of the UNAM in Mexico City which focuses on computer science, applied mathematics, robotics and control engineering.

## History

The IIMAS was founded as the Centro de Cálculo Electrónico (Electronic Calculation Center) in 1958 under the auspices of UNAM rector Nabor Carrillo Flores with the purpose of housing and operating the first mainframe acquired by the university. In 1973 the institute acquired its current name and refocused its primary activities from computing services to applied mathematics and computer science research. In the early nineties the IIMAS moved to its current home.

## Staff

The IIMAS has an average of 60 researchers aided by 40 technical staff. It is currently headed by Héctor Benítez Pérez, Ph.D.

## Location and facilities

The IIMAS is located in Ciudad Universitaria in Mexico City, nearby the Engineering School and the Science School.

It consists in two buildings, the second one built later on to host the graduate programs and the new library.

## Graduate studies

The institute currently offers graduate programs in four areas conjointly with the schools of science and engineering, as well as with the Earth Sciences Institute. Graduates students may focus on engineering, computer science, applied mathematics, or Earth sciences.

## Current research

Research is divided among six departments:

* Mathematics and mechanics
* Mathematical physics
* Mathematical modeling of social systems
* Probability and statistics
* Computer science
* Computer systems and automation engineering


title: Oreohelix carinifera

abstract: Oreohelix carinifera, common name keeled mountainsnail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae.

text:
# Oreohelix carinifera

***Oreohelix carinifera***, common name **keeled mountainsnail**, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae.

## Original description

*Oreohelix carinifera* was originally described by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1912. The type locality is Garrison, Montana, USA.

Pilsbry's original text (the type description) reads as follows:

> OREOHELIX CARINIFERA, n. sp.
>
> The shell is lenticular, carinate, umbilicate, the width of umbilicus between a fourth and a fifth that of the shell, whorls 4½, slowly increasing, the first 2½ strongly convex, obliquely striate, the striae finer on the embryonic portion. Subsequent whorls are strongly convex around the upper (inner) part, becoming concave near the outer edge; the striation is rougher, and some weak traces of spiral striae appear in places. The last whorl is noticeably concave above and below the peripheral keel; it descends very slightly or not at all in front, and on the base there are very inconspicuous, well spaced spirals composed of granules. The oblique alt. and the diameter of the aperture are equal, and there is a slight angle at the termination of the keel.
>
> Alt. 5, diam. 9.4 mm.; width of umbilicus 2 mm.; oblique alt. and diam. of aperture 4 mm.
>
> Garrison, Montana. Type and paratypes No. 99253 A. N. S. P.
>
> *Oreohelix alpina* Elrod, which comes from high elevations (8,500 9,000 ft.) in the Mission Mountains, is about the size of this snail, but the whorls are less convex, the convexity of the later ones is simple, while in *carinifera* there is a concavity above the periphery. *O. alpina* has no spiral sculpture or granulation, and the keel is less pronounced. I regard such similarity as exists as due to convergence rather than to actual relationship. *0. hemphilli* Nc. differs in the sculpture and shape of the embryonic whorls.
>
> *O. carinifera* is one of the smallest Oreohelices, the dimensions given above being those of the largest shell out of about 20 in the two lots seen. A very similar small form was taken with *O. haydeni* in the Wasatch Mountains many years ago by the Wheeler Expedition, but I think it will prove to be distinct. Its exact location in
>
> that range is not known, and it was not among the forms taken by Hemphill there.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Montana, USA.

This article incorporates public domain text from reference.

## InfoBox

| *Oreohelix carinifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Oreohelicidae |
| Genus: | *Oreohelix* |
| Species: | ***O. carinifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oreohelix carinifera***<br>Pilsbry, 1912 | |
|