title: North Ice

abstract: North Ice was a research station of the British North Greenland Expedition on the inland ice of Greenland. The coordinates of the station were 78°04′N 38°29′W, at an altitude of 2,341 metres (7,680 ft) above sea level. The British North Greenland Expedition had its main base camp in Britannia Lake, Queen Louise Land. It was led by Commander James Simpson RN. The station recorded a temperature of −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) on 9 January 1954, which made it the lowest temperature ever recorded in North America up until that time. It was superseded by an observation of −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) at the Greenland Ice Sheet on 22 December 1991. The name of the station contrasts to the former British South Ice station in Antarctica.

text:
# North Ice

North Iceclass=notpageimage|Location within Greenland

**North Ice** was a research station of the British North Greenland Expedition (1952 to 1954) on the inland ice of Greenland. The coordinates of the station were 78°04′N 38°29′W / 78.067°N 38.483°W / 78.067; -38.483, at an altitude of 2,341 metres (7,680 ft) above sea level. The British North Greenland Expedition had its main base camp in Britannia Lake, Queen Louise Land. It was led by Commander James Simpson RN. The station recorded a temperature of −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) on 9 January 1954, which made it the lowest temperature ever recorded in North America up until that time. It was superseded by an observation of −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) at the Greenland Ice Sheet on 22 December 1991. The name of the station contrasts to the former British South Ice station in Antarctica.

78°04′N 38°29′W / 78.067°N 38.483°W / 78.067; -38.483


title: Wayo, New South Wales

abstract: Wayo is a locality mainly in the Upper Lachlan Shire, New South Wales, Australia. Part of it is in Goulburn Mulwaree Council. It lies about 20 km northwest of Goulburn and 110 km northeast of Canberra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 119.

text:
# Wayo, New South Wales

**Wayo** is a locality mainly in the Upper Lachlan Shire, New South Wales, Australia. Part of it is in Goulburn Mulwaree Council. It lies about 20 km northwest of Goulburn and 110 km northeast of Canberra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 119.

## InfoBox

| Wayo<br>New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WayoLocation in New South Wales | |
| Coordinates | 34°36′06″S 149°37′04″E / 34.60167°S 149.61778°E / -34.60167; 149.61778 |
| Population | 119 (2016 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 2580 |
| Elevation | 814 m (2,671 ft) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) |  |
| Region | Southern Tablelands |
| County | Argyle |
| Parish | Wayo |
| State electorate(s) | Goulburn |
| Federal division(s) | Hume |
| **Localities around Wayo:**  Pejar Woodhouselee Middle Arm  Bannister Wayo Kingsdale  Mummel Baw Baw Kingsdale | |


title: Welcome metro station

abstract: Welcome is an important At-Grade interchange metro station on the East-West Corridor of Red Line and Elevated interchange metro station on the North-South Corridor of the Pink Line of the Delhi Metro. It was one of the first stations during the Phase 1 and Phase 3 of the Delhi metro. It is located a short walk away from Shyam Lal College, Delhi University.

text:
# Welcome metro station

**Welcome** is an important At-Grade interchange metro station on the East-West Corridor of Red Line and Elevated interchange metro station on the North-South Corridor of the Pink Line of the Delhi Metro. It was one of the first stations during the Phase 1 and Phase 3 of the Delhi metro. It is located a short walk away from Shyam Lal College, Delhi University.

## Station layout

**Station Layout** Red Line

| **P** | **Platform 2**
**Eastbound** | Towards → Shaheed Sthal
**Next Station:** Shahdara |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Island platform | Doors will open on the right | |
| | **Platform 1**
**Westbound** | Towards ← Rithala
**Next Station:** Seelampur |
| **L1** | Concourse | Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops |
| **G** | Street Level | Exit/ Entrance |
|

**Station Layout** Pink Line

| **L2** | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | **Platform 3**
**Southbound** | Towards → Shiv Vihar
**Next Station:** Jaffrabad |
| | **Platform 4**
**Northbound** | Towards ← Majlis Park
**Next Station:** East Azad Nagar |
| | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| **L1** | Concourse | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| **G** | Street Level | Exit/Entrance |
|

## Facilities

This is a disabled friendly (Divyang friendly) metro station with Food facilities, DMRC authorised parking and Toilets.

## InfoBox

|
Welcome | |
| --- | --- |
| Delhi Metro station | |
| Welcome metro station | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 28°40′19.6″N 77°16′40.4″E / 28.672111°N 77.277889°E / 28.672111; 77.277889 |
| Owned by | Delhi Government |
| Line(s) | Red Line Pink Line |
| Platforms | Island platform (Red Line)
Platform-1 → Rithala
Platform-2 → Shaheed Sthal

Side platform (Pink Line)
Platform-3 → Shiv Vihar
Platform-4 → Majlis Park |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-Grade,Elevated |
| Parking | Available |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | WC |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 December 2002 (2002-12-25) (Red Line)
31 October 2018 (2018-10-31) (Pink Line) |
| Electrified | 25 kV 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Delhi Metro Following station  Seelampurtowards Rithala  Red Line  Shahdaratowards Shaheed Sthal  East Azad Nagartowards Majlis Park  Pink Line  Jaffrabadtowards Shiv Vihar | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Welcome to 18

abstract: Welcome to 18 is a 1986 American coming of age comedy-drama film directed by Terry Carr, who also wrote the screenplay with Judith Sherman Wolin. It stars Mariska Hargitay, Courtney Thorne-Smith and JoAnn Willette.

text:
# Welcome to 18

***Welcome to 18*** (alternative title: ***Summer Release***) is a 1986 American coming of age comedy-drama film directed by Terry Carr, who also wrote the screenplay with Judith Sherman Wolin. It stars Mariska Hargitay, Courtney Thorne-Smith and JoAnn Willette.

## Plot

The film follows the adventures of three high school girls the summer after they graduate. After their jobs at a dude ranch fail to work out, the girls head to Lake Tahoe where they meet Talia (Cristen Kauffman). Talia's boyfriend Roscoe then helps the girls get a job at a casino which leads to trouble.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Welcome to 18 | |
| --- | --- |
| VHS cover | |
| Directed by | Terry Carr |
| Screenplay by | Terry Carr
Judith Sherman Wolin |
| Produced by | David C. Thomas |
| Starring | Mariska Hargitay
Courtney Thorne-Smith
JoAnn Willette
Cristen Kauffman |
| Cinematography | Stephen L. Posey |
| Edited by | Lois Freeman-Fox |
| Music by | Tony Berg |
| Production
company | Green Griffin |
| Distributed by | American Distribution Group
International Video Entertainment
Green Griffin |
| Release date | * November 14, 1986 (1986-11-14) |
| Running time | 91 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Yongsan Dreamhub

abstract: Yongsan Dreamhub is a 28 – 31 trillion-won project that was planned to be built on the banks of the Han River near Yongsan Station at the 560,000 square metres (6,000,000 sq ft) area of the Yongsan District, central Seoul, South Korea. It was cancelled in April 2013 but has recently seen approval and plans finalised by the Seoul Metropolitan government in February 2024 with construction slated to begin in the second half of 2025. The district is scheduled to be built by 2030.

text:
# Yongsan Dreamhub

**Yongsan Dreamhub** (also known as the **Yongsan International Business District**) is a 28 – 31 trillion-won ($22.6 – $27 billion) project that was planned to be built on the banks of the Han River near Yongsan Station at the 560,000 square metres (6,000,000 sq ft) area of the Yongsan District, central Seoul, South Korea. It was cancelled in April 2013 but has recently seen approval and plans finalised by the Seoul Metropolitan government in February 2024 with construction slated to begin in the second half of 2025. The district is scheduled to be built by 2030.

## Background

The Yongsan District is a relatively large area of the megalopolis of Seoul that is seen as not significantly developed. It is a site of the American Yongsan Garrison which covers 16% of the district. The development proposal aimed to turn it into a modern sprawl of offices, malls, hotels and apartments, hoping to create a new signature district of Korea.

## History

The project's main developers included the South Korean public transport company, Korail, which owns some underused land in Yongsan. In total, about 29 corporations, backed up the South Korean government, were involved in the project.

Some of the plans for the development included that for a skyscraper that would be the tallest in Korea, and one of the tallest in the world (for example a 2009 design planned for a 665 metres (2,182 ft) tall building known as Dream Tower, which would be the second highest in the world; another for a slightly lower if still the tallest in Korea and second tallest in the world, the Yongsan Landmark Tower, was described as 620 metres (2,030 ft) in one report but only as about 500m in a different one). Another of the designs for twin tower skyscraper known as The Cloud unveiled and quickly scrapped in 2011 caused a controversy over a similarity to "the World Trade Center buildings exploding as they were hit by planes on 9/11".

The project was first proposed in 2006, and was described as Korea's largest and most ambitious property development project. Financing difficulties delayed it following the Financial crisis of 2007–2008. The Korean real estate market also did not seem appealing to the investors. In subsequent years, a growing number of companies, such as Samsung, have pulled out of the project. The project has been finally cancelled in April 2013. It is possible the venture will result in a number of bankruptcies. There are also speculations about a possible class-action lawsuit by the residents against the developers and the government.

The project was cancelled in April 2013 but has recently seen approval and plans finalised by the Seoul Metropolitan government in February 2024 with construction slated to begin in the second half of 2025. The district is scheduled to be built by 2030.


title: North River (Gabriel River tributary)

abstract:
The Rivière du Nord is a tributary of the north bank of the Gabriel River, which flows west to empty onto the east bank of the rivière du Pin which has its tower flows north to the south bank of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny); the latter flows first west, then north-east to the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada. The Rivière du Nord crosses the regional county municipalities (MRC) of:
  - Montmagny Regional County Municipality: municipality of Saint-Paul-de-Montminy;
  - Bellechasse Regional County Municipality: municipality of Saint-Philémon.

text:
# North River (Gabriel River tributary)

The **Rivière du Nord** is a tributary of the north bank of the Gabriel River, which flows west to empty onto the east bank of the rivière du Pin which has its tower flows north to the south bank of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny); the latter flows first west, then north-east to the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Rivière du Nord crosses the regional county municipalities (MRC) of:

## Geography

The Rivière du Nord has its source in a mountainous area in the sixth rang in the municipality of Saint-Paul-de-Montminy in the Notre Dame Mountains. This source is located northwest of Lake Gosselin.

From its source, the North River "flows in a valley steeped in 10.3 kilometres (6.4 mi) according to the following segments:

* 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) west, up to the fifth rang road;
* 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) west, to route 216 which it crosses on the west side of the village of Saint-Paul-de-Montminy;
* 1.0 kilometre (0.62 mi) southwesterly, along route 216 on the north side, to the confluence of Tanguay stream;
* 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) westward, up to the limit between Saint-Paul-de-Montminy and Saint-Philémon;
* 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) towards the west, crossing the Gabriel road, until its confluence.

The North River "flows on the north bank of the Gabriel River. This confluence is located on the south side of route 216 and at 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) upstream of the confluence of the Gabriel River.

## Toponymy

The toponym Rivière du Nord was formalized on February 8, 1977, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

## InfoBox

| North River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | *Rivière du Nord* (French) |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Chaudière-Appalaches |
| MRC | Bellechasse Regional County Municipality |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Mountain stream |
| location | Saint-Paul-de-Montminy |
| coordinates | 46°43′07″N 70°19′24″W / 46.718738°N 70.323226°W / 46.718738; -70.323226 |
| elevation | 627 metres (2,057 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Gabriel River |
| location | Saint-Philémon |
| coordinates | 46°41′48″N 70°25′09″W / 46.69667°N 70.41917°W / 46.69667; -70.41917 |
| elevation | 365 metres (1,198 ft) |
| Length | 10.3 kilometres (6.4 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Gabriel River, Rivière du Pin (rivière du Sud tributary), Rivière du Sud (Montmagny), St. Lawrence River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | (upstream) |
| right | (upstream) Ruisseau Tanguay |


title: North River (Cacapon River tributary)

abstract: The North River is a tributary of the Cacapon River, belonging to the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay watersheds. The river is located in Hampshire and Hardy counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. The mouth of the North River into the Cacapon is located at Forks of Cacapon. From its headwaters to its mouth, the North River spans 52.4 miles (84.3 km) in length.

text:
# North River (Cacapon River tributary)

The **North River** is a tributary of the Cacapon River, belonging to the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay watersheds. The river is located in Hampshire and Hardy counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. The mouth of the North River into the Cacapon is located at Forks of Cacapon. From its headwaters to its mouth, the North River spans 52.4 miles (84.3 km) in length.

## Headwaters and course

### South Branch Mountain to Rio

The North River's headwaters comprise two streams that converge in the southeastern hollows of South Branch Mountain (3028 ft) in Hardy County. From its source, the river flows east through the communities of Inkerman and Rock Oak along North River Road (County Route 1) where it is joined by Grassy Lick Run. The North River continues to flow east as a shallow stony stream and after it passes through a gap in Short Mountain (2864 ft), it acts as the border between Hardy and Hampshire counties. It is in this stretch that the river is home to the Rio Turtle, a large turtle-shaped rock painted to resemble a turtle. The river then enters exclusively into Hampshire County where it meets the community of Rio and Sperry Run, which flows in from the south.

### Rio to Forks of Cacapon

At Rio (pronounced RYE-O), the North River makes a ninety-degree bend and flows north into the wide fertile North River Valley along North River Mountain (2149 ft). Also beginning at Rio, the North River parallels West Virginia Route 29 (Delray Road). On its journey northward, the river is fed from the west by Deep Run and Mick Run, which drain off of Short Mountain. Further north along WV 29, the river passes through the communities of Delray and Sedan at Pearl Ridge (1302 ft). Departing from Sedan, the North River flows under the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) at Hanging Rock and winds its way northward around North River Mountain. Pine Draft Run and Tearcoat Creek join the river south of Hoy before the river bends yet again and joins Gibbons Run. Flowing through the historic village of North River Mills, the river is joined by Hiett's Run, which flows from the eastern side of Ice Mountain (1489 ft). After North River Mills, the river makes a sharp linear curve around the Devil's Backbone (856 ft) and then commences its movement northward along Pine Mountain (1726 ft). The North River crosses under the Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127) and is then joined from the west by Crooked Run before flowing under Gaston Road's one-lane bridge and finally arriving at its confluence with the Cacapon River at Forks of Cacapon.

## History

Since the early settlement of Hampshire County, the North River had been considered unnavigable by locals and experts alike.

## Bridges

| Bridge | Route | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Bridge at Skagg's Run** | CR 1/5 | Inkerman |
| **Bridge** | North River Road (CR 1) | Inkerman |
| **Bridge** | North River Road (CR 1) | Rock Oak |
| **Rock Oak Bridge** | Rock Oak Road | Rock Oak |
| **Bridge at Waterlick Run** | CR 1/1 | Rock Oak |
| **North River Bridge** | Augusta-Ford Hill Road (CR 53) | Rio |
| **Upper Mullins Road Bridge** | Mullins Road (off CR 53) | Rio |
| **Lower Mullins Road Bridge** | Mullins Road (off CR 53) | Rio |
| **Rio WV 29 Bridge** | Delray Road (WV 29) | Rio |
| **Sedan WV 29 Bridge** | Delray Road (WV 29) | Sedan |
| **Sedan School Road Bridge** | Sedan School Road (CR 11/1) | Sedan |
| **Hanging Rock Bridge** | Northwestern Turnpike (US 50/WV 29) | Hanging Rock |
| **One-Lane Double Arch Bridge** | Cold Stream Road (CR 45/20) | North River Mills |
| **North River WV 127 Bridge** | Bloomery Pike (WV 127) | Forks of Cacapon |
| **One-Lane Arch Bridge** | Gaston Road (CR 45/7) | Forks of Cacapon |

## Tributaries

Tributary streams are listed in order from south (source) to north (mouth).

* Skaggs Run
* Pot Lick Run
    + Horn Camp Run
* Waterlick Run
* Grassy Lick Run
* Meadow Run
* Sperry Run
* Deep Run
* Lick Run
* Elkhorn Run
* Hanging Rock Run
    + Stuart Hollow Run
    + Henderson Hollow Run
* Pine Draft Run
* Tearcoat Creek
* Gibbons Run
* Maple Run
* Hiett Run
    + Riggs Hollow Run
* Crooked Run
* Castle Run

## List of cities and towns along the North River

Media related to North River (Cacapon River) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| North River | |
| --- | --- |
| Bridge over the North River near North River Mills | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | South Branch Mountain, Hardy County, West Virginia |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Cacapon River at Forks of Cacapon, Hampshire County, West Virginia
39°24′33″N 78°25′16″W / 39.40917°N 78.42111°W / 39.40917; -78.42111 |
| Length | 52 miles (84 km) |
| Basin size | 206 sq mi (530 km2) |


abstract: The Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District is a veterans' hospital located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with roots going back to the Civil War. Contributing buildings in the district were constructed from 1867 to 1955, and the 90 acres (36 ha) historic district of the Milwaukee Soldiers Home campus lies within the 400 acres (160 ha) Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center grounds, just west of American Family Field.

text:
# Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District

The **Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District** is a veterans' hospital located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with roots going back to the Civil War. Contributing buildings in the district were constructed from 1867 to 1955, and the 90 acres (36 ha) historic district of the **Milwaukee Soldiers Home** campus lies within the 400 acres (160 ha) Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center grounds, just west of American Family Field.

## History

In 1865 Abraham Lincoln approved a "National Asylum" to care for volunteer Union soldiers who had been wounded during the Civil War. The Northwestern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers was established in 1866, as an old soldiers' home in the then northwestern region of United States. The Wisconsin Soldiers' Home Society transferred the money and property already acquired by that group to the federal effort for the National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, renamed the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in 1873. The Eastern Branch was opened in 1866 at a former resort in Togus, Maine. The Central Branch was established in 1867 outside of Dayton, Ohio. The Northwestern and Central Branches had ambitious building campaigns that erected large-scale institutional structures within carefully designed landscapes.

The Main Building (Milwaukee Soldiers Home (Old Main)), designed in the Victorian Second Empire style by Milwaukee architect E. Townsend Mix, was completed in 1869. The large structure used a centralized model, housing all the services and soldiers within it. Expansion of the membership and a shift towards a decentralized model in the 1880s and 1890s resulted in the construction of a number of specialized new buildings at the Milwaukee Soldiers Home. The Italianate-styled Governor's Residence was added around 1867, probably also a design of E. T. Mix. In 1879 a new hospital was built west of the Main Building. This structure was the first major step toward creating the cluster of buildings that define the historic core of the campus.

Medal of Honor recipient James K. L. Duncan lived at the home from 1910 until his death in 1913.

The Milwaukee firm of Henry C. Koch was the architect for many buildings during this period of expansion including the hospital (1879), Ward Memorial Hall (1882), the chapel (1889), Wadsworth Library (1892), and the 1896 Colonial Revival-styled headquarters building (1894). Ward Memorial Hall is an 1882 theater−meeting room, store, restaurant, and railroad ticket office.

A group of maintenance buildings sits in front of the Main Building by the railroad, including the 1895 simple brick Quartermaster's Storehouse, the 1938 Paint Shop, a 1941 garage, and three quonset storage huts built in 1947. The 1957 engineering warehouse and shops are not considered contributing to the NRHP district.

In 1930 the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the Pension Bureau, and the Veterans' Bureau were combined under the new Veterans Administration. The Northwestern Branch became known as the Wood, Wisconsin, station of the Veterans' Administration.

## Present day

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2011. It is on the National Trust for Historic Preservation List of 11 Most Endangered Historic Places.

Some of the buildings are now used for the Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, located just west of American Family Field and the Soldiers' Home Reef rock formation. Six of the most historic buildings are currently undergoing a $40 million restoration that will result in the creation of 101 units of supportive housing for veterans and their families.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District | |
|  | |
| Ward Memorial Hall at the Milwaukee Soldiers Home | |
| Location | 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Coordinates | 43°01′35″N 87°58′40″W / 43.0265°N 87.97789°W / 43.0265; -87.97789 |
| NRHP reference No. | 05000530 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | June 3, 2005 |
| Designated NHLD | June 17, 2011 |


title: Yetsuo Higa

abstract: Higa Etsuo Yetsuo "Yets" Higa Higa Etsuo was a second-generation Okinawan American businessman. Higa was born in Honokaa, Hawaii in 1915. He and his family moved to Wahiawa in 1923. After graduating from Leilehua High School in 1934, he joined and expanded his father's trucking business. Over his career Y. Higa Enterprises grew from a single truck to a multi-million dollar enterprise with branches in Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Paris. Higa also opened the first Pepsi-cola bottling plant in Japan, and is credited with introducing it to the nation. His son Ernest and his daughter Merle Aiko followed him in business, opening up their own franchises in Japan. Higa was also an athlete who played baseball and ran track and field. He brought two Major League Baseball teams to Hawaii and Japan to play. Higa died on July 31, 2000, of complications from Alzheimer's disease.

text:
# Yetsuo Higa

**Yetsuo "Yets" Higa** *Higa Etsuo* (比嘉 悦雄) (1915July 31, 2000) was a second-generation Okinawan American businessman.

Higa was born in Honokaa, Hawaii in 1915. He and his family moved to Wahiawa in 1923. After graduating from Leilehua High School in 1934, he joined and expanded his father's trucking business. Over his career Y. Higa Enterprises grew from a single truck to a multi-million dollar enterprise with branches in Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Paris. Higa also opened the first Pepsi-cola bottling plant in Japan, and is credited with introducing it to the nation. His son Ernest and his daughter Merle Aiko followed him in business, opening up their own franchises in Japan.

Higa was also an athlete who played baseball and ran track and field. He brought two Major League Baseball teams to Hawaii and Japan to play.

Higa died on July 31, 2000, of complications from Alzheimer's disease.


title: Weliki language

abstract: Weliki is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Weliki language

**Weliki** is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| Weliki | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Morobe Province |
| Native speakers | (200 cited 1990) |
| Language family | Trans–New Guinea |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `klh` |
| *Glottolog* | `weli1239` |
| ELP | Weliki |


title: Welikathara

abstract: Welikathara, is a 1971 action thriller drama film made by Sri Lankan director D. B. Nihalsinghe. Screen play and script by Dr. Tissa Abeysekara. It is the maiden film directed by D. B. Nihalsingha. The film stars Gamini Fonseka and Suvineetha Weerasinghe in lead roles along with Joe Abeywickrama, Piyasena Ahangama and Kithsiri Perera made supportive roles. Since Welikathara was the first film in CinemaScope in Sri Lanka, it faced many obstacles, first of which was the lack of access to cinemas capable of showing that format.. This was solved by arranging a cross circuit release, combining cinemas in the three competing circuits at that time- another first. The film was a box office success as well as being critically appreciated, going on to be presented by a Sri Lankan Presidential Award as one of the Ten Best Sri Lankan films of all time.

text:
# Welikathara

***Welikathara*** (Sinhala, *වැලි කතර*), is a 1971 action thriller drama film made by Sri Lankan director D. B. Nihalsinghe. Screen play and script by Dr. Tissa Abeysekara. It is the maiden film directed by D. B. Nihalsingha. The film stars Gamini Fonseka and Suvineetha Weerasinghe in lead roles along with Joe Abeywickrama, Piyasena Ahangama and Kithsiri Perera made supportive roles.

Since *Welikathara* was the first film in CinemaScope in Sri Lanka, it faced many obstacles, first of which was the lack of access to cinemas capable of showing that format. (Most of them had been reserved for US films). This was solved by arranging a cross circuit release, combining cinemas in the three competing circuits at that time- another first.

The film was a box office success as well as being critically appreciated, going on to be presented by a Sri Lankan Presidential Award as one of the Ten Best Sri Lankan films of all time.

## Production

The film is about the clash between Goring Mudalali (Joe Abeywickrema) and ASP Randeniya (Gamini Fonseka). The film marked the turning point in the career of many of those who were involved in it. D. B. Nihalsingha went on to direct several other award-winning films, *Ridi Nimnaya*, *Maldeneiye Simieon* and *Kelimadala*, before he went on to pioneer color television production in Sri Lanka and South Asia. It was loosely based on a true story and the first screenplay by Tissa Abeysekara, who went on to become one of Sri Lanka's best script writers.

Tissa Abeysekara, previously an "additional dialogue writer" to Lester James Peris, marked his entry as a screenplay writer with *Welikathara*. He went on to become Sri Lanka's foremost script writer thereafter. Joe Abeywicrema, who until then was a comedy actor, went on to become a character actor of repute with his magnificent performance.

Gamini Fonseka, who was Sri Lanka's foremost star at that time, gave a significant performance where, in a total reversal of the heroic roles he portrayed, he acted out a character in decline. Somadasa Elvitigala added one more feather to his cap with this film after the beautiful musical score he created for *Sath Samudura*. The 1st Assistant Director is Ranjith Newton Fernando and the 2nd Assistant Director is Tissa De Silva.

## Cast

* Gamini Fonseka as Wickrema 'Wicky' Randeniya ASP
* Joe Abeywickrama as Goring Mudalali 'Dipthilage Mudiyanselage Sudu Banda'
* Suvineetha Weerasinghe as Geetha Randeniya
* Kithsiri Perera as Attanayake
* Piyasena Ahangama as Abeyratne
* Devika Karunaratne as Muthu Menika
* Nawanandana Wijesinghe as Lavanis
* Dayananda Jayawardena as Martin
* Karu Nanayakkara as Stocky policeman
* G. W. Surendra as Speech giver
* G. R. Perera as Tarzan Kumara
* Chandra Kaluarachchi as Bathik dress discusser
* Elson Divithurugama as Wickrama's debator
* P. B. Miyalawa as Luncheon senior
* Buddhi Wickrama as Goring's associate
* Tudor Karunathilake as Police officer

## Production

The film was shot in Point Pedro and was South Asia's and Sri Lanka's first to be done in cinemascope. It was a box office success after its first screening on October 27, 1971 and critically well received.

## Awards and nominations

* Presidential Film Award in 1999
* Named 10th Best Sri Lankan Film of the first 50 years by Presidential council in 1997

## InfoBox

| Welikathara
වැලි කතර | |
| --- | --- |
| Gamini Fonseka as A. S. P. Randeniya in the climax scene of the film | |
| Directed by | D. B. Nihalsinghe |
| Written by | Tissa Abeysekera |
| Produced by | D. B. Nihalsinghe
Swarnamali Gunatunge |
| Starring | Joe Abeywickrema
Gamini Fonseka |
| Cinematography | D. B. Nihalsinghe |
| Music by | Somadasa Elvitigala |
| Release date | * 27 October 1971 (1971-10-27) |
| Running time | 118 minutes |
| Country | Sri Lanka |
| Language | Sinhala |


title: Novi Mikanovci

abstract: Novi Mikanovci is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D46 highway.

text:
# Novi Mikanovci

**Novi Mikanovci** is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D46 highway.

## Name

The name of the village in Croatian is plural.

45°17′N 18°35′E / 45.283°N 18.583°E / 45.283; 18.583

## InfoBox

| Novi Mikanovci = nemaju centar | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Vukovar-Syrmia |
| Municipality | Stari Mikanovci |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.9 sq mi (10.2 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 536 |
| Density | 140/sq mi (53/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Stenidea varii

abstract: Stenidea varii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1981. It is known from South Africa.

text:
# Stenidea varii

***Stenidea varii*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1981. It is known from South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Stenidea varii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Stenidea* |
| Species: | ***S. varii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenidea varii***<br>Breuning, 1981 | |
|


title: Różyce, Łowicz County

abstract: Różyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kocierzew Południowy, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Kocierzew Południowy, 16 km (10 mi) north of Łowicz, and 62 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Różyce, Łowicz County

**Różyce** \[ruˈʐɨt͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kocierzew Południowy, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Kocierzew Południowy, 16 km (10 mi) north of Łowicz, and 62 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Różyce | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Różyce | |
| Coordinates: 52°14′N 19°59′E / 52.233°N 19.983°E / 52.233; 19.983 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Łowicz |
| Gmina | Kocierzew Południowy |


title: Norway during the Great Northern War

abstract: The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Russia and Saxony-Poland on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721. It started by a coordinated attack on Sweden by the coalition in 1700, and ended 1721 with the conclusion of the Treaty of Nystad, and the Stockholm Treaties. As a result of the war, Russia supplanted Sweden as the dominant power on the shores of the Baltic Sea, becoming a major player in European politics.

text:
# Norway during the Great Northern War

The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Russia and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721. It started by a coordinated attack on Sweden by the coalition in 1700, and ended 1721 with the conclusion of the Treaty of Nystad, and the Stockholm Treaties. As a result of the war, Russia supplanted Sweden as the dominant power on the shores of the Baltic Sea, becoming a major player in European politics.

## Setting the stage for war

Between 1561 and 1658, Sweden fought a series of wars in the Baltic, establishing an empire. During this period Sweden had occupied the Danish provinces of Skåne, Blekinge and Halland and the Norwegian provinces of Jämtland, Härjedalen, Trøndelag and Bohuslän. For Denmark, even more than the loss of territory, the continuous Swedish interference in Holstein (supporting claims for lands in Danish held Schleswig) was a major bone of contention.

In the late 1690s Russia, who had also lost territory to Sweden, allied with Denmark–Norway, together with the duke of Saxony, who expected a reconquest of territory lost by his kingdom, Poland, to strengthen his domestic position. When the young Charles XII ascended Sweden's throne in 1697, the opportunity appeared ripe for recapturing lost territory.

## Battle of Narva

In 1700 the three powers attacked and for Sweden the difficulty of a three front war had to be faced. No one expected what followed. The early part of the war consisted of a continual string of Swedish victories under Charles XII. Denmark was defeated in the summer of 1700 and withdrew until 1709. Russia suffered a defeat in the Battle of Narva in November, but regained the offensive and the city of St. Petersburg was founded between 1703 and 1707. Then Charles XII defeated Augustus the Strong in 1706-07, temporarily deposing him from the Polish throne.

### In Norway

Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway distrusted the nobility and gentry and surrounded himself with ministers and advisers of humble origin. The one exception was the king's half-brother, Ulrich Christian Gyldenløve, who at the age of 24 was General-Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Navy. Frederick toured Norway in 1704 to assess the condition of his army and his second kingdom. In the morning, at the noon stop, and in the evenings the king held audiences with all who wanted to speak to him, from wealthy landowners to lowly peasants.

## Battle of Poltava

Charles XII was defeated by Peter in the Battle of Poltava (located in modern day Ukraine) in June 1709, and his army was virtually annihilated. He fled to the Ottoman Empire and spent five years in exile there.

## On the Western Front

In November 1709 Denmark invaded Skåne and Count Magnus Stenbock, charged with the defense of Sweden, succeeded in defeating Denmark at the Battle of Helsingborg in 1710. Meanwhile Russia captured Livonia and Estonia in the east. Despite another Swedish victory over the Danes at Gadebusch in December 1712, Stenbock’s army was forced to surrender of the fortress of Tönning in May 1713.

### In Norway

During September 1709 Norwegian forces were ordered to mobilise, and by the end of October 6,000 men were assembled on the Swedish border at Svinesund while 1,500 were congregated near the border at Kongsvinger.

In August, 1710 Baron Waldemar Løvendal returned in Norway as Governor and commander of a country much drained in resources by the wars of the past century. The governor threw himself into building the civil and military leadership in the country just a short march from Sweden. When he left Norway in 1712, he had instituted reforms that served to create a civil service in Norway, and proceeded to document state activities to a degree never before seen in Norway, as well as being a strong military leader.

Baron Løvendal raised and equipped a Norwegian Army to invade and recapture the former Norwegian province of Bohuslän under the leadership of General-Lieutenant Caspar Herman Hausmann. In parallel he proposed a strong fleet to provide protection and transportation to seaward, and Frederick IV committed to providing such a force under Vice Admiral Sehested in June 1711. In August, the Norwegian army marched into Bohuslän, warmly welcomed by their former countrymen. But by late summer the fleet Vice Admiral Sehested’s fleet had not appeared offshore, having been ordered by Frederick IV to return to Baltic waters. Without naval support, the Norwegian Army was forced to return to Norway.

In the autumn of 1711 the plague struck Denmark, and Copenhagen alone lost 70,000 occupants.

1712 was a disappointing year in Norway, as Frederick IV directed Løvendal not to use the Norwegian Army in offensive actions, reserving it for defense and for supplementing Danish troops elsewhere. General Hausmann was named head of all Norway’s land and sea defenses.

### Public rebellion

The taxations that followed from warfare and the forced mobilization of Norwegian farm boys led to uprising and riots in some parts of Norway. Among the most known cases are the farmer's tax rebellion in 1713 (Hallingdal), and a soldier's strike in 1720 (Telemark). In 1713, two leading farmers in Hallingdal spoke against the Danish authorities, demanding an end to war taxation, because the farmers could not bear the costs. Eventually, the tax collectors found doors shut all over the region, and had to call in a public meeting. The two leaders were tried and sentenced to labour in the fortress of Akershus. One of them, Elling Villand, who also was sentenced to give away his farm, was freed less than half a year later, and sat on his farm until he died.

In Telemark, Olav Olavsson Hovdejord a local sheriff and leading farmer stood up against the German captain in 1720, demanding an end to the forced mobilization of farmer's sons. At this point, Norwegians were tired of the war. The case was tried in favour of the farmer, Olav Hovdejord, and the captain was called back to Denmark for his coarse behaviour. He had at this point chopped Olav's right hand off for interfering.

## The Fall of Stralsund

Only the firmness of the Chancellor, Count Arvid Horn, held Sweden in the war until Charles finally returned from the Ottoman Empire, arriving in Swedish held Stralsund in November 1714 on the south shore of the Baltic. Charles was by now at war with most of Northern Europe, and Stralsund was doomed. Charles remained there until December, 1715, escaping only days before Stralsund fell. By this point, Charles was considered mad by many, as he would not consider peace and the price Sweden had paid was already dear, with no hope in sight. All of Sweden’s Baltic and German possessions were lost.

## The Norwegian Campaigns

### The 1716 Campaign in Norway

Not one to consider peace, upon his return to Sweden Charles began gathering materials and men for another campaign, this time against Copenhagen, attacking across the frozen Øresund from Skåne. But the ice went out before he could launch his attack, so he redirected his focus. Charles XII chose then to invade Norway through Bohuslän. Getting intelligence of this intent, General Caspar Herman Hausmann warned Frederick IV, who didn’t believe the General and dismissed him summarily.

The Norwegian Army had been weakened in early 1716 by withdrawal of 5000 of the best troops to support the defense of Denmark; further Norwegian Commander-in-Chief Barthold Heinrich von Lützow was not famous as a visionary leader. When rumors reached Christiania that Charles XII was preparing to invade, all remaining troops in Østerdal and Gudbrandsdal were ordered to the border at Halden and Fredrikstad. The Norwegians anticipated attack from Sweden might occur at Kongsvinger, Basmo or Halden. It was Basmo where Charles XII struck, crossing the border and establishing his headquarters at the Høland parsonage on March 8, 1716. The Norwegian commander of the district did not lack courage, and without waiting for his full forces to assemble, he attacked Charles’ superior forces with only 200 dragoons, fighting valiantly but suffered serious losses including his own capture.

Upon hearing of this defeat, General Lützow withdrew his forward troops and established a defensive position at Christiania. The Swedish forces advanced and, leaving a greatly strengthened garrison in Akershus fortress at Christiania, on March 19 Lützow withdrew to Bragernes in Drammen. The Norwegian scorched earth policy and guerrilla raid interdiction of supply chains by the residents of Bohuslän denied Charles of supplies. Further, the Norwegian fortresses behind his lines threatened his retreat if he became seriously weakened in combat. Charles took the city of Christiania, but without heavy siege artillery was unable to take Akershus Fortress.

After a brief occupation of Christiania, Charles retraced his steps to the Norwegian fortresses in south-eastern Norway with the objective of capturing them, particularly Fredriksten. This would remove the threat at his back, and they were to serve as the base for his offensive later that year, as well as capture of the harbours at mouth of the Glomma river, which would allow him to land the necessary provisions for a successful siege of Akershus.

Charles' troops attempted to take Fredriksten by storm on July 4. His troops took the town after fierce fighting, but the citizens set fire to their homes and Charles, unable to take the fortress, was forced to retreat and await the arrival of heavy guns in the aftermath of the Battle of Dynekilen.

Commodore Johan Vibe of the Dano-Norwegian fleet off Bohuslän was charged with interdicting supplies. Peter Wessel, a Norwegian captain serving in the fleet had distinguished himself in numerous engagements off the coast of Swedish Pomerania. In the beginning of 1716 he was ennobled by Frederick IV under the name of Tordenskiold. Captain Peter Wessel Tordenskiold led a daring cutting-out raid at Dynekil Fjord in Bohuslän which captured or destroyed the entire Swedish transport fleet, and, more importantly, the Swedish supplies at Dynekilen. Running low on supplies, Charles retreated hastily across the Svinesund and burned his bridges behind him. By July 12, not a Swedish soldier remained in Norway. For this feat, Frederick IV promoted Tordenskiold to Commodore. In October 1716 Commodore Tordenskjold was given charge of a North Sea Squadron and placed at the head of Norway’s Sea Force over the protests of Baron Wedel, Norway’s new General in Chief.

### The 1717 Norwegian Hiatus

Even with his defeat, Charles still planned to redeem himself by a Norwegian invasion. 1717 became a year of rebuilding for both sides. Action was limited to unsuccessful attacks by Commodore Tordenskjold's squadron on Gothenburg and Strömstad. As a result of the failures, Commodore Tordenskjold was relieved of Command of the North Sea fleet.

### The 1718 Campaign in Norway

Commodore Tordenskjold was reassigned to the Baltic Fleet, in command of the 64-gun ship of the line, *Ebenezer*. The North Sea fleet under Rear Admiral Andreas Rosenpalm pursued an unaggressive patrol strategy along the Bohuslän coast. With the Danish fleet diverted to the Baltic and the lightening of patrols from the North Sea fleet, throughout the summer of 1718, steady streams of supplies were carried up through the Bohuslän skerries and to the Norwegian border. Armaments emphasized the heavy guns, ammunition and supplies that would be necessary to take the strong border fortresses at Fredriksten in Fredrikshald. In the Autumn of 1718 Charles again attacked Norway. He was killed while inspecting the front trenches of the siege-works against Fredriksten. This precipitated an immediate retreat of his war-weary forces back to Sweden, effectively terminating the Norwegian campaigns.

## Conclusion

The war was finally concluded in 1721. Sweden had lost almost all of her overseas holdings gained in the 17th century, and was no longer a major power. Russia took the Baltic territories, and from then on was the major power in the east. The balance of power between Sweden and Denmark-Norway was restored.

## Other sources

* *Sweden and the Baltic, 1523 - 1721*, by Andrina Stiles, Hodder & Stoughton, 1992 ISBN 0-340-54644-1
* *The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic: 1600-1725* by Jill Lisk; Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1967
* *The Northern Wars, 1558-1721* by Robert I. Frost; Longman, Harlow, England; 2000 ISBN 0-582-06429-5
* *Norges festninger* by Guthorm Kavli; Universitetsforlaget; 1987; ISBN 82-00-18430-7
* *Admiral Thunderbolt* by Hans Christian Adamson, Chilton Company, 1958
* *East Norway and its Frontier* by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956


title: The Turning Point (1920 film)

abstract: The Turning Point is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by J.A. Barry, written by Robert W. Chambers, and starring Katherine MacDonald, Leota Lorraine, Nigel Barrie, William V. Mong, Bartine Burkett, and William Clifford. It was released on February 2, 1920, by First National Exhibitors' Circuit.

text:
# The Turning Point (1920 film)

***The Turning Point*** is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by J.A. Barry, written by Robert W. Chambers, and starring Katherine MacDonald, Leota Lorraine, Nigel Barrie, William V. Mong, Bartine Burkett, and William Clifford. It was released on February 2, 1920, by First National Exhibitors' Circuit.

## Plot

## Cast

## Preservation status

## InfoBox

| The Turning Point | |
| --- | --- |
| Advertisement | |
| Directed by | J.A. Barry |
| Based on | *The Turning Point*
by Robert W. Chambers |
| Produced by | Katherine MacDonald |
| Starring | Katherine MacDonald
Leota Lorraine
Nigel Barrie
William V. Mong
Bartine Burkett
William Clifford |
| Cinematography | Joseph Brotherton |
| Production
company | Katherine MacDonald Pictures Corporation |
| Distributed by | First National Exhibitors' Circuit |
| Release date | * February 2, 1920 (1920-02-02) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Toronto Harbour Light

abstract: The Toronto Harbour Light is an automated lighthouse at Vicki Keith Point on the Leslie Street Spit in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

text:
# Toronto Harbour Light

The **Toronto Harbour Light** is an automated lighthouse at Vicki Keith Point on the Leslie Street Spit in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

## Construction

The concrete structure was completed in 1974 by the Toronto Harbour Commission. It is now operated by the Toronto Port Authority. The lighthouse is powered by a solar panel and directs shipping traffic along the Eastern Channel into the Toronto Inner Harbour.

Maintenance on the property is limited and methods of power have varied over the years. A generator is on site, but is not used and is in disrepair. The site is fenced off yet prone to vandalism and graffiti. Various structures sit idle at the site, such as a ground-mounted solar panel in disrepair, a satellite dish, an unoccupied hut, and a separate hut containing a visibly arson-damaged diesel generator, along with control equipment.

## Further reading

* Crompton, Samuel Willard & Michael J. Rhein. *The Ultimate Book of Lighthouses* (2002) ISBN 1-59223-102-0; ISBN 978-1-59223-102-7.
* Jones, Ray, & Roberts, Bruce (Photographer). *Eastern Great Lakes Lighthouses* (Lighthouse Series) (Paperback) (Old Saybrook, CN: The Globe Pequot Press) ISBN 1-56440-899-X.
* Jones, Ray.*The Lighthouse Encyclopedia, The Definitive Reference* (Globe Pequot, January 1, 2004, 1st ed.) ISBN 0-7627-2735-7; ISBN 978-0-7627-2735-3.
* Oleszewski, Wes. *Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses*, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) ISBN 0-932212-98-0.
* Penrose, Laurie & Penrose, Bill T., (1994-05) *A Traveler's Guide to 100 Eastern Great Lakes: Lighthouses* (Paperback), Friede Publications, 125 pages ISBN 0-923756-09-4, p. 79.
* Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia. *Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia* Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) ISBN 1-55046-399-3

## InfoBox

Toronto Harbour Light
| The Toronto Harbour Light | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Tommy Thompson Park, Toronto |
| Coordinates | 43°36′49″N 79°20′36″W / 43.613545°N 79.34339°W / 43.613545; -79.34339 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1974 |
| Construction | Concrete and steel |
| Height | 12 metres (39 ft) |
| Shape | Octagonal |
| Markings | Bright white lower, dotted by graffiti, dull reddish-orange upper |
| Operator | PortsToronto |
|  | |
| Light | |
| Focal height | 22 metres (72 ft) |
| Lens | Lexan circular lens |
| Characteristic | Fl R 10s. |
|  | |


title: Foraker, Indiana

abstract: Foraker is an unincorporated community in Union Township, Elkhart County, Indiana.

text:
# Foraker, Indiana

**Foraker** is an unincorporated community in Union Township, Elkhart County, Indiana.

## History

Foraker was founded in 1892 when the Wabash Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Joseph B. Foraker, the 37th Governor of Ohio.

The Foraker post office was discontinued in 1966.

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Foraker, Indiana
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. Deahl, Anthony (1905). *A Twentieth Century History and Biographical Record of Elkhart County, Indiana*. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 123.
4. Baker, Ronald L. (October 1995). *From Needmore to Prosperity: Hoosier Place Names in Folklore and History*. Indiana University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-253-32866-3. The name honors Senator Joseph B. Foraker of Ohio.
5. "Elkhart County". Jim Forte Postal History. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Foraker, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| ForakerForaker | |
| Coordinates: 41°30′57″N 85°55′27″W / 41.51583°N 85.92417°W / 41.51583; -85.92417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Elkhart |
| Township | Union |
| Elevation | 856 ft (261 m) |
| ZIP code | 46526 |
| FIPS code | 18-23872 |
| GNIS feature ID | 434635 |


title: Thaumatomyia rubida

abstract: Thaumatomyia rubida is a species of grass fly in the family Chloropidae.

text:
# Thaumatomyia rubida

***Thaumatomyia rubida*** is a species of grass fly in the family Chloropidae.

## InfoBox

| *Thaumatomyia rubida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Chloropidae |
| Genus: | *Thaumatomyia* |
| Species: | ***T. rubida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thaumatomyia rubida***<br>(Coquillett, 1898) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chlorops rubida*  Coquillett, 1898 | |


title: Epic Recordings

abstract: Epic Recordings is a compilation album drawing from Lynne's three Epic albums, Sunrise, Tough All Over, and Soft Talk. The album was released on September 19, 2000.

text:
# Epic Recordings

***Epic Recordings*** is a compilation album drawing from Lynne's three Epic albums, *Sunrise*, *Tough All Over*, and *Soft Talk*. The album was released on September 19, 2000.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Robert Christgau |  |

William Ruhlmann of AllMusic noted that the "album is not billed as a 'best-of'", and concluded that it was instead "the rest of Shelby Lynne."

The *Los Angeles Times* advised that listeners avoid the album "until \[they\] know exactly what's involved", and explained that the majority of its content is from the era in which Lynne "wasn’t allowed to pursue her musical instincts \[when recording\]. Instead she was encouraged to make records in a radio-friendly country style."

*Country Standard Time* stated that the album's "eclecticism" demonstrates why Lynne "has always been a marketing person's nightmare", while emphasizing that "as a singer, she's rarely a let down to anybody".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" |  | 2:52 |
| 2. | "Till You Were Gone" |  | 3:30 |
| 3. | "Lonely Weekends" | Charlie Rich | 2:25 |
| 4. | "I'm Confessin' (That I Love You)" | * Doc Daugherty * Al J. Neiburg * Ellis Reynolds | 3:42 |
| 5. | "Don't Mind if I Do" | Skip Ewing | 2:42 |
| 6. | "Your Love Stays with Me" | * Rory Michael Bourke * Mike Reid | 2:58 |
| 7. | "Lighter Shade of Blue" |  | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Dog Day Afternoon" | Wayne Carson | 3:41 |
| 9. | "Soft Talk" | * Troy Seals * Eddie Setser | 3:39 |
| 10. | "I Walk the Line" | Johnny Cash | 2:38 |
| 11. | "I'll Lie Myself to Sleep" |  | 4:05 |
| 12. | "Thinking About You Again" | * Mike Porter * Stephony Smith | 3:08 |
| 13. | "You Can't Break a Broken Heart" |  | 3:17 |
| 14. | "I've Learned to Live" |  | 3:53 |
| 15. | "Stop Me" |  | 3:43 |
| 16. | "It Might Be Me" | * Chuck Jones * J.D. Martin | 4:21 |
| Total length: | | | 54:23 |

Track information and credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

## InfoBox

| Epic Recordings | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Shelby Lynne | |
| Released | September 19, 2000 (2000-09-19) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 54:23 |
| Label | Epic |
| Producer | * James Stroud * Billy Sherrill * Bob Montgomery |
| Shelby Lynne chronology | |
| *I Am Shelby Lynne*
(1999) ***Epic Recordings***
(2000) *Love, Shelby*
(2001) | |


title: Norio Nagayama

abstract: Norio Nagayama was a Japanese spree killer and novelist.

text:
# Norio Nagayama

**Norio Nagayama** (永山 則夫, **Nagayama Norio**, June 27, 1949 – August 1, 1997) was a Japanese spree killer and novelist.

## Biography

Nagayama was born in Abashiri, Hokkaido and grew up with divorced parents. He moved to Tokyo in 1965 and, while working in Tokyo's Shibuya district, witnessed the Zama and Shibuya shootings.

Nagayama killed four people with a handgun between October 11 and November 5, 1968. He robbed the last two victims of 16,420 yen. He was arrested on April 7, 1969. When he was arrested, he was 19 years old and was regarded as a minor under Japanese law at the time.

The Tokyo District Court sentenced him to death in 1979, though this was overturned by the Tokyo High Court, which imposed a sentence of life imprisonment in 1981. The Supreme Court of Japan reversed the high court's decision in 1983. This ruling is today considered the landmark decision for the application of the death penalty in Japan. The high court on remand subsequently sentenced him to death in 1987, a decision which the Supreme Court upheld in 1990.

In prison, Nagayama wrote many novels and became a public figure. His first published work was *Tears of Ignorance* (無知の涙, *Muchi no Namida*) in 1971. In 1983, he was awarded a prize for the novel *Wooden Bridge* (木橋, **Kibashi**). The Japanese writing community was uneasy with his success, given his status as a convicted killer. He was rejected by the Japan Writers' Association but did receive recognition in Saarland, Germany in 1996.

On August 1, 1997, he was executed at the Tokyo Detention Center at the age of 48 by decision of Justice Minister Isao Matsuura, just 34 days after the arrest of Seito Sakakibara, the 14-year-old perpetrator of the Kobe child murders. He made no final statement. A foundation to save poor people was established by his will.

## Victims

1. **Masanori Nakamura** (中村 公紀, *Nakamura Masanori*)
2. **Tomejirō Katsumi** (勝見 留次郎, *Katsumi Tomejirō*)
3. **Tetsuhiko Saitō** (斎藤 哲彦, *Saitō Tetsuhiko*)
4. **Masaaki Itō** (伊藤 正明, *Itō Masaaki*)

## Works

* *Muchi no Namida* (無知の涙, 1971)
* *Ai ka Mu ka* (愛か無か, 1973)
* *Kibashi* (木橋, 1984)
* *Soren no Tabigeinin* (ソ連の旅芸人, 1986)
* *Sutego Gokko* (捨て子ごっこ, 1987)
* *Shikei no Namida* (死刑の涙, 1988)
* *Nazeka Umi* (なぜか 海, 1989)
* *Isui* (異水, 1990)
* *Hana* (, 1997)

## InfoBox

| Norio Nagayama | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Norio Nagayama
(1949-06-27)June 27, 1949
Abashiri, Hokkaido, Occupied Japan |
| Died | August 1, 1997(1997-08-01) (aged 48)
Tokyo Detention House, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Criminal status | Executed |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Murder (4 counts) |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Details | |
| Victims | 4 |
| Span of crimes | October 11, 1968  November 5, 1968 |
| Country | Japan |
| State(s) | Tokyo, Kyoto, Hokkaidō, Aichi |
| Weapons | Stolen Röhm RG-10 .22-caliber revolver |
| Date apprehended | April 7, 1969 |
|  | |


title: Moscow Raceway

abstract: Moscow Raceway is an FIA-approved motor racing venue in the Volokolamsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located near the villages of Sheludkovo and Fedyukovo, about 97-kilometre (60 mi) west from Moscow. It opened on 13 July 2012 for its first event as the fifth round of the World Series by Renault becoming the first major international motor-sport race track event in Russia. It is an FIA Grade 1 circuit, which means that it has all the requirements necessary to host a Formula One race, though the Sochi Autodrom previously hosted Russian Formula One races during the existence of the Russian Grand Prix as a World Championship event.

text:
# Moscow Raceway

**Moscow Raceway** is an FIA-approved motor racing venue in the Volokolamsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located near the villages of Sheludkovo and Fedyukovo, about 97-kilometre (60 mi) west from Moscow.

It opened on 13 July 2012 for its first event as the fifth round of the World Series by Renault becoming the first major international motor-sport race track event in Russia. It is an FIA Grade 1 circuit, which means that it has all the requirements necessary to host a Formula One race, though the Sochi Autodrom previously hosted Russian Formula One races during the existence of the Russian Grand Prix as a World Championship event.

## History

In September 2008, it was revealed that work was to begin on a Formula One circuit to be located at the village of Fedyukovo, Volokolamsky District. Hans Geist, who at that time was the managing director of the project, stated that the track could pass an FIA inspection by June 2010, and that even without Formula 1 the project would be profitable staging either DTM or MotoGP. The cost of the project overall was 4.5 billion rub when it opened on 13 July 2012.

### Design

Moscow Raceway was designed to be categorized FIA 1T and FIM A, which would allow motorsport competition at any level, from national championships in auto and motorcycle racing, to Formula 1 and MotoGP. The total designed track length is 4.070 km (2.529 mi), with widths of between 12 and 21 m (39 and 69 ft). The start/finish line has a width of 15 m (49 ft) at an elevation of 22 metres (72 ft). The longest straight of 0.873 km (0.542 mi) is designed to allow Formula 1 cars to reach a speed of 311 km/h (193 mph). The circuit was finally classified as a FIM B grade course following inspections on 18 July 2012, one grade down from what was expected.

### Construction

Built under a Russian–German joint venture named "Autobahn", the general contractor for construction of buildings and race track to international level was Stroytech-5, a member of a group of companies Stroytech. Sub-contract partners included Siemens, while Sergei Krylov was working as an adviser.

After initially signing a deal with Bernie Ecclestone in 2008, the project was dropped from the 2010 Formula 1 calendar in early 2009, and construction stopped. Construction resumed in June 2010, with the new contractor agreeing to complete the road section of the track by the end of 2011.

### Race history

The first events held at the circuit were part of the World Series by Renault on 13–15 July 2012, where it also became the second international motor-sport event in Russian history after the FIA European Truck Racing Championship event took place in the Smolenskring in July 2010. The first race itself was the 5th round of the Formula Renault 3.5 series, which was won by Dutchman Robin Frijns. The first Russian to win a race there soon followed with Daniil Kvyat winning both races of the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 series round in a row. A total of 10 Russian drivers were at the event including former 3.5 series Champion Mikhail Aleshin; many taking over other drivers for just this event.

On 21 July 2013, during the World Superbike weekend, Italian rider Andrea Antonelli was killed in the World Supersport race after being hit on the back straight by fellow rider Lorenzo Zanetti. Antonelli was airlifted to hospital where he died of massive head trauma, and the rest of the weekend's action was cancelled due to the torrential downpour.

## Configurations

### Layouts

| Track | Distance | Corners | Grade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Grand Prix #1 | 3.955 km (2.458 mi) | 15 | 1 |
| Grand Prix #9 | 3.931 km (2.443 mi) | 14 | 1 |
| Sprint #4 | 2.661 km (1.653 mi) | 12 | 2 |
| SuperSprint #1 | 1.357 km (0.843 mi) | 10 | 3 |
| Full Circuit | 4.070 km (2.529 mi) | 21 | N/A |

## Events

Current Former

## Lap records

As of September 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the Moscow Raceway are listed as:

| Category | Time | Driver | Vehicle | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Grand Prix #9 Circuit: 3.931 km (2013–present) | | | | |
| Formula Renault 3.5 | **1:21.686** | Stoffel Vandoorne | Dallara T12 | 2013 Moscow Formula Renault 3.5 Series round |
| DTM | **1:28.305** | Miguel Molina | Audi RS5 DTM | 2014 Moscow DTM round |
| Formula Three | **1:28.623** | Esteban Ocon | Dallara F312 | 2014 Moscow F3 European Championship round |
| Formula Renault 2.0 | **1:32.535** | Egor Orudzhev | Tatuus FR2.0/13 | 2014 Moscow Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 round |
| Group CN | **1:32.893** | Roman Rusinov | Ligier JS53 Evo 2 | 2024 1st Moscow RSKG Endurance round |
| Formula Abarth | **1:35.001** | Denis Korneev | Tatuus FA010 | 2014 1st Moscow Formula Russia round |
| World SBK | **1:35.299** | Chaz Davies | BMW S1000RR | 2013 Moscow World SBK round |
| Formula 4 | **1:35.928** | Richard Verschoor | Tatuus F4-T014 | 2016 Moscow SMP F4 round |
| World SSP | **1:38.167** | Jules Cluzel | Honda CBR600RR | 2012 Moscow World SSP round |
| Eurocup Mégane Trophy | **1:38.733** | Mirko Bortolotti | Renault Mégane Renault Sport II | 2013 Moscow Eurocup Mégane Trophy round |
| TC1 | **1:40.148** | José María López | Citroën C-Elysée WTCC | 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Russia |
| GT4 | **1:41.250** | Vadim Mescheryakov | Mercedes-AMG GT4 | 2023 Moscow RCRS round |
| TCR Touring Car | **1:42.381** | Mikhail Simonov | Cupra León Competición TCR | 2024 Moscow RCRS round |
| Super 2000 | **1:44.100** | Franz Engstler | BMW 320 TC | 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Russia |
| Grand Prix #1 Circuit: 3.955 km (2012–present) | | | | |
| Formula Renault 3.5 | **1:24.831** | Arthur Pic | Dallara T12 | 2012 Moscow Formula Renault 3.5 Series round |
| Formula Renault 2.0 | **1:35.738** | Daniil Kvyat | Barazi-Epsilon FR2.0-10 | 2012 Moscow Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 round |
| GT3 | **1:37.936** | Nicky Catsburg | Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-4 R-EX | 2015 Moscow GT Sprint round |
| Eurocup Mégane Trophy | **1:41.637** | Albert Costa | Renault Mégane Renault Sport II | 2012 Moscow Eurocup Mégane Trophy round |
| Sprint #4 Circuit: 2.545 km (2012–present) | | | | |
| DTM | **0:58.999** | Adrien Tambay | Audi RS5 DTM | 2013 Moscow DTM round |
|

1. Map and technical characteristics
2. "LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS UPDATED ON : 2024-03-13" (PDF). *Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile*. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
3. "Moscow Raceway is the only international level race track in the Moscow region".
4. "Moscow to start construction work this week". GPUpdate. 30 September 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
5. Moscow Raceway
6. "FIM Inspection: Moscow Raceway gets homologation for Eni FIM Superbike World Championship". *www.moscowraceway.com*. Archived from the original on 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
7. "Fast tracking Formula One". 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
8. "World Series by Renault a big hit in Russia". *worldseriesbyrenault.fr*. Renault Group. Archived from the original on 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
9. "Flying Frijns first to win in Russia". *worldseriesbyrenault.fr*. Renault Group. Archived from the original on 2013-02-13. Retrieved 2012-07-14.
10. "Home win for Russia's Kvyat". *worldseriesbyrenault.fr*. Renault Group. Archived from the original on 2012-08-26. Retrieved 2012-07-14.
11. "Kvyat does it again". *worldseriesbyrenault.fr*. Renault Group. Archived from the original on 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
12. "2013 Moscow Raceway - Formula Renault 3.5 - Race 2 (44' +1 lap) - Final Classification" (PDF). 23 June 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
13. "DTM 2014 » Moscow Raceway Round 5 Results". 13 July 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
14. "2014 FIA Formula 3 European Championship Moscow Race 2 Statistics". 13 July 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
15. "2014 Moscow Raceway - Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup - Race 1 (25' +1 lap) - Final Classification" (PDF). 28 June 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
16. "2024 SMP RSKG Endurance - Moscow Raceway - 4 Hour Race Results" (PDF). 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
17. "Formula Russia Championship 2014 - Moscow Raceway - "DTM Weekend" 11.-13.7.2014, Rennen 1, 10 Runden". 13 July 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
18. "Moscow, 19-20-21 July 2013 - Superbike - Results Race 1" (PDF). *World Superbike*. Dorna. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
19. "2016 SMP Formula 4 - 4. Moskau (RUS) Moscowring - "DTM Weekend" 19.-21.8.2016, 3931m - Rennen 3, 17 Runden". 21 August 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
20. "Moscow, 24-25-26 August 2012 - Supersport - Results Race" (PDF). *World Superbike*. Dorna. 26 August 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
21. "2013 Moscow Raceway - Eurocup Mégane Trophy - Race 2 (40' +1 lap) - Final Classification" (PDF). 23 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
22. "WTCC 2014 » Moscow Raceway Round 11 Results". 8 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
23. "2023 RCRS - Moscow - SMP GT4 Russia - Race 1 Results" (PDF). 9 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
24. "2024 RCRS - Moscow - SMP TCR Russia - Race 1 Results" (PDF). 14 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
25. "WTCC 2014 » Moscow Raceway Round 12 Results". 8 June 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
26. "2012 Moscow Raceway - Formula Renault 3.5 Series - Race 2 (42' +1 lap) - Final Classification" (PDF). 15 July 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
27. "2012 Moscow Raceway - Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 - Race 2 (25' +1 lap) - Final Classification" (PDF). 15 July 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
28. "2015 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Moscow Q-Race". 3 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
29. "2012 Moscow Raceway - Eurocup Mégane Trophy - Race 2 (40' +1 lap) - Final Classification" (PDF). 15 July 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
30. "DTM 2013 » Moscow Raceway Sprint Round 6 Results". 4 August 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

## InfoBox

Moscow Raceway
| "Grand Prix #9" layout (2012–present) | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Volokolamsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia |
| Time zone | MSK+00 (UTC+04) |
| Coordinates | 55°59′45.8″N 36°16′6.1″E / 55.996056°N 36.268361°E / 55.996056; 36.268361 |
| Capacity | 30,000 |
| FIA Grade | 1 |
| Broke ground | 1 October 2008 (2008-10-01) |
| Opened | 13 July 2012 (2012-07-13) |
| Construction cost | 4.5 billion rub.
~150 million |
| Architect | Hermann Tilke |
| Major events | **Current:**
**Russian Circuit Racing Series** (2012–present)
**Former:**
WTCC *Race of Russia* (2013–2015)
World SBK (2012–2013)
DTM (2013–2017)
Blancpain GT Series (2015)
FIA GT1 (2012)
World Series by Renault (2012–2014) |
| Website | https://moscowraceway.ru/ |
| Grand Prix #9 (2013–present) | |
| Surface | Asphalt |
| Length | 3.931 km (2.443 miles) |
| Turns | 14 |
| Race lap record | 1:21.686 ( Stoffel Vandoorne, Dallara T12, 2013, FR 3.5) |
| Grand Prix #1 (2012–present) | |
| Surface | Asphalt |
| Length | 3.955 km (2.458 miles) |
| Turns | 15 |
| Race lap record | 1:24.831 ( Arthur Pic, Dallara T12, 2012, FR 3.5) |
| Sprint #4 (2012–present) | |
| Surface | Asphalt |
| Length | 2.545 km (1.581 miles) |
| Turns | 10 |
| Race lap record | 0:58.999 ( Adrien Tambay, Audi RS5 DTM, 2013, DTM) |


title: Różyczka, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Różyczka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcinica, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Różyczka, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Różyczka** \[ruˈʐɨt͡ʂka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcinica, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Różyczka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Różyczka | |
| Coordinates: 51°11′02″N 17°56′52″E / 51.18389°N 17.94778°E / 51.18389; 17.94778 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Kępno |
| Gmina | Trzcinica |


title: Humfrey Tufton

abstract: Humfrey Tufton, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648. Tufton was a son of John Tufton of Hothfield, and brother of Nicholas Tufton, 1st Earl of Thanet. He purchased The Mote near Maidstone. Humfrey Tufton was involved in a duel with Murray of Prince Charles's bedchamber in March 1625, after having an argument at a stage play. They went to St George's Fields to fight. Tufton noted the presence of Gibson, a Scottish armourer, although they had agreed not to have "seconds" present. Tufton objected and left the field. The events offended Gibson's sense of honour, and he fought with Murray. Both were fatally injured. In November 1640, Tufton was elected Member of Parliament for Maidstone in the Long Parliament. He was created a baronet, of The Mote in the County of Kent, on 24 December 1641. He was excluded from parliament under Pride's Purge in 1648. He was appointed High Sheriff of Kent for 1654. Tufton died at Bobbing Place at the age of 76.

text:
# Humfrey Tufton

**Humfrey Tufton, 1st Baronet** (1584 – October 1659) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648.

Tufton was a son of John Tufton of Hothfield, and brother of Nicholas Tufton, 1st Earl of Thanet. He purchased The Mote near Maidstone.

Humfrey Tufton was involved in a duel with Murray of Prince Charles's bedchamber (a brother of Secretary Murray) in March 1625, after having an argument at a stage play. They went to St George's Fields to fight. Tufton noted the presence of Gibson, a Scottish armourer, although they had agreed not to have "seconds" present. Tufton objected and left the field. The events offended Gibson's sense of honour, and he fought with Murray. Both were fatally injured.

In November 1640, Tufton was elected Member of Parliament for Maidstone in the Long Parliament. He was created a baronet, of The Mote in the County of Kent, on 24 December 1641. He was excluded from parliament under Pride's Purge in 1648. He was appointed High Sheriff of Kent for 1654.

Tufton died at Bobbing Place at the age of 76.

## Family

Tufton married Margaret Morley, daughter of Herbert Morley of Glynde, Sussex. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son, John. The title became extinct upon the death of the second Baronet in 1685. His daughter Olympia married Sir William Wray of Ashby.


title: Martin Boyce

abstract: Martin Boyce is a Scottish sculptor inspired by early 20th century modernism. Boyce was born in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire and educated at Holy Cross High School in Hamilton. He studied at the Glasgow School of Art, graduating with a BA in environmental art in 1990, then a MFA in 1997. He lives in Glasgow with his wife and children. Boyce won the 2011 Turner Prize for his installation Do Words Have Voices, displayed at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead. The installation is a recreation of a park in autumn.

text:
# Martin Boyce

**Martin Boyce** (born 1967) is a Scottish sculptor inspired by early 20th century modernism.

Boyce was born in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire and educated at Holy Cross High School in Hamilton. He studied at the Glasgow School of Art, graduating with a BA in environmental art in 1990, then a MFA in 1997. He lives in Glasgow with his wife and children.

Boyce won the 2011 Turner Prize for his installation *Do Words Have Voices*, displayed at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead. The installation is a recreation of a park in autumn.

## Books

* *Martin Boyce: When Now is Night*, Princeton Architectural Press, 2015 (ISBN 978-1616894030)


title: Toronto Harbour Commission Building

abstract: The Toronto Harbour Commission Building is a six-storey building erected in 1917 in Toronto by Alfred Chapman for the locally run Toronto Harbour Commission. It was also used by its successor agency PortsToronto, a federal agency formerly known as the Toronto Port Authority. The lower floor is home to Harbour Sixty Steakhouse. Formerly sitting on the waterfront, infill over the years has left the building on dry land, and civic expansion has left it dwarfed by nearby buildings. Since 1953, the building has been rumoured to be haunted by the ghost of Thomas Cates, its former janitor, who died of natural causes while working his night shift. He is most often seen in glimpses in the north-western stairwell, where he will be sweeping or mopping the floor. The building was sold by PortsToronto in 2017 for CA$96 million to developer Oxford Properties. It is to be part of a commercial office development named The Hub. It was originally built at a cost of $247,000.

text:
# Toronto Harbour Commission Building

The **Toronto Harbour Commission Building** is a six-storey building erected in 1917 in Toronto by Alfred Chapman for the locally run Toronto Harbour Commission. It was also used by its successor agency PortsToronto, a federal agency formerly known as the Toronto Port Authority. The lower floor is home to Harbour Sixty Steakhouse.

Formerly sitting on the waterfront, infill over the years has left the building on dry land, and civic expansion has left it dwarfed by nearby buildings.

Since 1953, the building has been rumoured to be haunted by the ghost of Thomas Cates, its former janitor, who died of natural causes while working his night shift. He is most often seen in glimpses in the north-western stairwell, where he will be sweeping or mopping the floor.

The building was sold by PortsToronto in 2017 for CA$96 million to developer Oxford Properties. It is to be part of a commercial office development named *The Hub*. It was originally built at a cost of $247,000.

43°38′31″N 79°22′42″W / 43.642027°N 79.378442°W / 43.642027; -79.378442


title: Martin Körber

abstract: Martin Georg Emil Körber was a Baltic German pastor, composer, writer and choir leader.

text:
# Martin Körber

**Martin Georg Emil Körber** (29 July \[O.S. 17 July\] 1817 in Võnnu19 April \[O.S. 7 April\] 1893 in Kuressaare) was a Baltic German pastor, composer, writer and choir leader.

## Life

Martin Georg Emil Körber was the son of Pastor Edward Philipp Körber (1770-1850). He studied theology at the University of Tartu. His older brother was pastor and writer Carl Eduard Körber (1802–1883).

He was a teacher in Kuressaare from 1842 to 1845. In 1846 he became the pastor in Anseküla, where he founded a choir. In July 1862, he organized a choral concert in Kuressaare. On May 21, 1863, he organized one of the first song festivals in Estonia on the Sõrve Peninsula. After retiring in 1875, he moved to Kuressaare and continued writing. He died in 1893.

## Works

His songbooks included over 1000 sacred and secular songs in German and Estonian. In 1846, he published a catechism. Over 300 000 copies were printed. He published a three-volume history of Saaremaa in German, called *Oesel Einst und Jetzt* (Saaremaa, then and now) between 1887 and 1915.

* Aarne Vinkel (1994). *Martin Körber. Elutee- ja töö*. Tallinn.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


title: Magnus Carlsson (album)

abstract: Magnus Carlsson is the second studio album by Magnus Carlsson. The album was released in April 2006 and peaked at number 3 on the Swedish charts.

text:
# Magnus Carlsson (album)

**Magnus Carlsson** is the second studio album by Magnus Carlsson. The album was released in April 2006 and peaked at number 3 on the Swedish charts.

## Track listing

1. Som om inget hänt
2. Discodåre
3. Då talar kärleken sitt språk
4. Mellan vitt och svart
5. I mina händer
6. Det största av allt
7. Lev livet!
8. Som din himmel ger mitt hav
9. Mitt hjärta, ta mitt hjärta
10. Funnit min ängel
11. Det måste va med dig
12. Jag ser dig, jag ser dig, jag ser dig

## Contributors

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 3 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Release Date | Format | Label | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden | 26 April 2006 | Compact Disc | Sony BMG | 8287684255 |
|

## InfoBox

| Magnus Carlsson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Magnus Carlsson | |
| Released | 26 April 2006 (2006-04-26) |
| Genre | Schlager |
| Length | 51 minutes |
| Label | Sony BMG Music Entertainment |
| Producer | Anders Glenmark |
| Magnus Carlsson chronology | |
| *En ny jul*
(2001) ***Magnus Carlsson***
(2006) *Spår i snön*
(2006) | |


title: Horse leg protection

abstract: Leg wraps and boots are used for the protection of the lower legs of horses during training, shipping, and exercise, as well as for therapeutic and medical purposes to provide support for injuries or coverage of wounds. Boots are manufactured as a single unit to be applied to the leg with straps, and wraps are long elastic bandage material wrapped around and around the legs.

text:
# Horse leg protection

**Leg wraps** and **boots** are used for the protection of the lower legs of horses during training, shipping, and exercise, as well as for therapeutic and medical purposes to provide support for injuries or coverage of wounds. *Boots* are manufactured as a single unit to be applied to the leg with straps, and *wraps* are long elastic bandage material wrapped around and around the legs.

## Boots

Neoprene set of boots with hook-and-loop straps (top); leather set with buckles (bottom)

Modern boots are either made of synthetic materials such as neoprene and rubber with nylon straps and hook-and-loop closures, but may also be made from leather with buckled straps. Boots should be correctly fitted to each horse—if they are too tight they can cause discomfort and pressure injuries, and if too loose they may become dislodged or come off. Incorrectly fitted boots will be uncomfortable, can cause rubbing and soreness, and can impede the horse's movement. Boots should not be applied when wet or dirty because they can cause irritation and create sores. Boots intended to be used during exercise should be removed after work, and not worn for long periods.

### Bell boots

*Bell boots* or *overreach boots* are bell-shaped boots which encircle the horse's pastern and drape over the hoof. They help protect the back of the pastern and the heel bulbs from being injured from strikes by the toe of the hind hoof (overreaching), striking the rear of the hoof bottom (forging), and stepping on the edge of the shoe with the adjacent hoof potentially pulling it loose.

Bell boots are usually made of rubber. They may be of closed design which need to be stretched and slipped over the hoof, or an open design with hook-and-loop or buckled straps. Open bell boots are easier to apply, but closed bell boots are more secure as they have no chance of slipping off. When applying closed bell boots, it is easiest to turn them inside out then slip them over the toe of the hoof. It may also help to place them in warm water so they will expand before trying to put them on. A correctly sized bell boot should just touch the ground behind the bulbs of the heel while the horse is standing. The top of the bell boot should be just loose enough to fit a finger or two between the boot and the horse's pastern. Most horses do not mind wearing bell boots and suffer no adverse effects when they are used properly. However, even a correctly fitted bell boot may chafe and cause discomfort to a horse if the material very stiff or if the horse has especially sensitive skin.

### Brushing boots

*Brushing boots*, also called *splint boots*, *galloping boots* and *sport boots*, are used to protect a horse's legs during exercise from injuries caused by strikes from the opposite leg, hoof or horseshoe. The boots generally cover the leg from below the knee to below the fetlock with a padded area between the legs protecting the cannon bone and fetlock. Shorter boots are called *fetlock boots* with variations *French brushing boots* and *Yorkshire boots*. Brushing boots are usually made of neoprene or leather and fastened by multiple straps.

### Skid boots

*Skid boots* are used to protect a horse's hind legs during exercise and competition, protecting the fetlocks, pasterns, and other parts of the lower leg from injury that may occur from a sliding stop. They are commonly seen on horses in western riding sports such as cutting, reining and similar events where quick stops and fast turns on the hindquarters may be required. Skid boots may be made of neoprene or leather and attached with straps.

### Knee boots

*Knee boots*, also known as *knee caps* and *knee pads*, cover the front of the knees to protect from bangs and from falls which land on the knees such as slipping on pavement. They are strapped above the knee, drape across the front of the knee, and are loosely strapped below the knee to allow for the knee to bend while still being held in position. They may be made of felt, neoprene, or leather.

### Images of boots

## Leg wraps

*Wraps*, also called *bandages*, are used for support and protection during exercise, for protection while transporting horses, or for therapeutic use such as covering wounds or avoiding inflammation and swelling during enforced stable rest. They are very long strips of polar fleece or elastic bandage material, wrapped around and around the horse's leg. Elastic bandages often have padding placed under them (such as Gamgee Tissue, cotton wool, felt or cotton pads), but fleece bandages rarely do. Bandages may be fastened with sewn-on hook-and-loop straps, sewn-on long straps that are tied in a bow, taped down with adhesive tape, or the material may be a cohesive bandage such as *Vetwrap* which adheres to itself. Bandages must be wrapped firmly to keep from unravelling, but not so tight as to unduly restrict movement, compress tendons and ligaments, or reduce blood flow in the legs.

An incorrectly applied bandage wrap may do more harm than good. If the wrap is not tight enough, the bandage may slip down and possibly trip the horse. If it is too tight, or uneven, it may cut off circulation to the lower leg, or cause "cording" or damage to the tendons (bandage bows). If too much padding is left exposed above or below the bandaging material, it may catch on something, and dislodge the bandage or frighten the horse. The fasteners of a wrap could catch on the opposite leg and dislodge or open the wrap, therefore bandages should always end on the outside of the horse's leg.

### Exercise bandages

*Exercise bandages* (also called *polo wraps*, *brace bandages* and *track bandages*) are wrapped from the fetlock to the knee (front leg) or hock (rear leg) and are used mainly for protection during exercise. They protect against minor scrapes and bruises, help prevent irritation from sand or arena footing, and provide support and compression similar to the puttee leg wraps worn by World War I soldiers. They are often used as an alternative to boots. Exercise bandages are intended for short-term use and are not suitable to be left on overnight.

### Shipping bandages

A *shipping bandage*, *shipping boot*, or *shipping wrap*, is a wrap or boot used on the lower legs to protect those while travelling in a horse trailer or other conveyance. The bandage starts just below the knee or hock, and ends at the floor, protecting the cannon bone, tendons of the lower leg, fetlock, pastern, coronet, and heels of the horse. Some boot designs extend slightly above the knee and hock, offering protection to the joints in the event the horse bumps those on the sides of the trailer.

### Stable bandages

A *stable bandage* or *standing bandage* runs from just below the knee or hock to the bottom of the fetlock joint, and protects the cannon bone, tendons of the lower leg, and fetlock joint. Stable bandages offer some protection against minor cuts and bruises in the stable, and can reduce or prevent edema in the legs after hard work, or when a horse is kept standing in a stall for long periods of time.

### Medical use

Stable bandages can be used to hold a poultice on the lower legs, or to hold a dressing on a wound. They can be used to cover wounds to prevent contamination by dirt, urine and feces through contact with stall bedding. They are sometimes used as a base of support for bandages higher up on the leg (such as the knee, hock or even higher) and in this case the lower leg wrap can help prevent swelling from the injury from traveling down the leg.

When a horse injures a leg, it often places more weight and stress on the uninjured leg. To prevent the uninjured leg from swelling, it should also be bandaged to provide support. So both front legs, both hind legs, or all four legs should be bandaged.


abstract: The Moscow Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, commonly referred to as the Moscow CPSU obkom, was the position of highest authority in Moscow Oblast during most of the existence of the Soviet Union. The position was created on 24 January 1929 as the Central Industrial Oblast, and abolished on 29 August 1991 although most authority was lost in June that year to the position of Governor of Moscow Oblast. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

text:
# Moscow Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The **Moscow Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union**, commonly referred to as the **Moscow CPSU obkom**, was the position of highest authority in Moscow Oblast during most of the existence of the Soviet Union. The position was created on 24 January 1929 as the Central Industrial Oblast, and abolished on 29 August 1991 although most authority was lost in June that year to the position of Governor of Moscow Oblast. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

## First Secretaries

The following individuals served as first secretaries of the Moscow Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

| Name | Term of Office | | Life years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Start | End | |
| Karl Bauman | 24 January 1929 | 22 April 1930 | 1892–1937 |
| Lazar Kaganovich | 22 April 1930 | 7 March 1935 | 1893–1991 |
| Nikita Khrushchev | 7 March 1935 | 10 February 1938 | 1894–1971 |
| Aleksandr Ugarov | 10 February 1938 | 2 November 1938 | 1900–1939 |
| Aleksandr Shcherbakov | 2 November 1938 | 10 May 1945 | 1901–1945 |
| Georgy Popov | 12 June 1945 | 16 December 1949 | 1906–1968 |
| Nikita Khrushchev | 16 December 1949 | 10 March 1953 | 1894–1971 |
| Nikolai Mikhailov | 10 March 1953 | 25 March 1954 | 1906–1982 |
| Ivan Kapitonov | 27 March 1954 | 2 March 1959 | 1915–2002 |
| Pyotr Demichev | 2 March 1959 | 6 July 1960 | 1918–2010 |
| Grigory Abramov | 6 July 1960 | January 1963 | 1918– |
| Vasily Konotop | 15 December 1964 | 16 November 1985 | 1916–1995 |
| Valentin Mesyats | 16 November 1985 | 14 December 1990 | 1928–2019 |
| Boris Balashov | 15 December 1990 | 29 August 1991 | 1941– |

## Sources

* World Statesmen.org


title: Steinknückl

abstract: Steinknückl is a low mountain in the Aschaffenburg district of Bavaria, Germany, on the western edge of the Spessart range of wooded low mountains. It is flanked by the communities of Laufach to the north and Waldaschaff to the south. Its parent peak is the 460 m (1,510 ft) Schwarzkopf 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the east.

text:
# Steinknückl

**Steinknückl** is a low mountain in the Aschaffenburg district of Bavaria, Germany, on the western edge of the Spessart range of wooded low mountains. It is flanked by the communities of Laufach to the north and Waldaschaff to the south.

Its parent peak is the 460 m (1,510 ft) Schwarzkopf 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the east.

49°59′34″N 9°16′55″E / 49.99282°N 9.28202°E / 49.99282; 9.28202

## InfoBox

| Steinknückl | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 413 m (1,355 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Laufach, Germany |
| Parent range | Spessart |