title: Poland at the 1968 Summer Olympics

text:
# Poland at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Poland competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico. 177 competitors, 140 men and 37 women, took part in 112 events in 16 sports.

## Medalists

### Gold

### Silver

### Bronze

## Athletics

Men Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Andrzej Badeński | 400 m | 45.52 | 1 **Q** | 45.60 | 2 **Q** | 45.50 | 3 **Q** | 45.42 | **7** |
| Jan Balachowski | 400 m | 46.23 | 2 **Q** | 46.33 | 5 | Did not advance | | | |
| Roland Brehmer | 5000 m | 15:13.8 | 10 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| | 10000 m | DNS | | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Jan Cych | 3000 m steeplechase | 9:50.78 | 11 |  | | | | Did not advance | |
| Marian Dudziak | 100 m | 10.46 | 3 **Q** | 10.32 | 5 | Did not advance | | | |
| Jerzy Maluśki | 1500 m | 3:54.83 | 9 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Wiesław Maniak | 100 m | 10.49 | 4 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Zenon Nowosz | 100 m | 10.57 | 5 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Edward Romanowski | 200 m | 20:95 | 3 **Q** | 20:85 | 3 **Q** | 20:80 | 6 | Did not advance | |
| Mieczysław Rutyna | 20 km walk |  | | | | | | 1:47:29 | 26 |
| | 50 km walk |  | | | | | | 4:58:03.8 | 22 |
| Henryk Szordykowski | 800 m | 1:47.48 | 2 **Q** |  | | DNS | | Did not advance | |
| | 1500 m | 3:59.34 | 3 **Q** |  | | 3:54.24 | 4 **Q** | 3:46.69 | **7** |
| Wilhelm Weistand | 400 m hurdles | 50.7 | 5 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Jan Werner | 400 m | 45.97 | 1 **Q** | 45.63 | 1 **Q** | 45.75 | 5 | Did not advance | |
| Wiesław Maniak
Edward Romanowski
Zenon Nowosz
Marian Dudziak | 4×100 m relay | 40.27 | 3 **Q** |  | | 38.99 | 4 **Q** | 39.22 | **8** |
| Stanisław Grędziński
Jan Balachowski
Jan Werner
Andrzej Badeński | 4×400 m relay | 3:03.02 | 1 **Q** |  | | | | 3:00.58 | **4** |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Lech Gajdziński | Discus throw | 54.92 | 18 | Did not advance | |
| Jan Jaskólski | Triple jump | 16.04 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Władysław Komar | Shot Put | 19.09 | 9 **Q** | 19.28 | **6** |
| Władysław Nikiciuk | Javelin throw | 81.00 | 8 **Q** | 85.70 | **4** |
| Edmund Piątkowski | Discus throw | 58.24 | 12 **Q** | 59.40 | **7** |
| Janusz Sidło | Javelin throw | 80.12 | 10 **Q** | 80.58 | **7** |
| Andrzej Stalmach | Long jump | 7.70 | 15 **Q** | 7.94 | **8** |
| Józef Szmidt | Triple jump | 16.19 | 11 **Q** | 16.89 | **7** |

Women Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Danuta Straszyńska | 80 m hurdles | 10.7 | 3 **Q** |  | | 10.5 | 3 **Q** | 10.6 | **6** |
| Teresa Sukniewicz | | 10.7 | 2 **Q** |  | | 10.9 | 6 | Did not advance | |
| **Irena Szewińska** | 100 m | 11.3 | 1 **Q** | 11.1 | 1 **Q** | 11.3 | 1 **Q** | 11.1 |  |
| | 200 m | 23.2 | 1 **Q** |  | | 23.2 | 3 **Q** | 22.5 **WR** |  |
| Elżbieta Żebrowska | 80 m hurdles | 10.8 | 2**Q** |  | | 10.6 | 4 **Q** | 10.6 | **7** |
| **Danuta Straszyńska
Mirosława Sarna
Urszula Jóźwik
Irena Szewińska** | 4×100 m relay | 53.00 | 7 | Did not advance | | | | | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Daniela Jaworska | Javelin throw |  | | 56.06 | **5** |
| Lucyna Krawcewicz | |  | | 51.54 | 12 |
| Mirosława Sarna | Long jump | 6.44 | 5 **Q** | 6.47 | **5** |
| Irena Szewińska | | 6.19 | 16 | Did not advance | |

## Basketball

### Preliminary round

### Group B

|  | Qualified for the semifinals |
| --- | --- |

| Team | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Soviet Union | 7 | 0 | 642 | 408 | +234 | **14** |
| Brazil | 6 | 1 | 561 | 418 | +143 | **13** |
| Mexico | 5 | 2 | 493 | 443 | +50 | **12** |
| Poland | 4 | 3 | 473 | 504 | −31 | **11** |
| Bulgaria | 3 | 4 | 456 | 478 | −22 | **10** |
| Cuba | 2 | 5 | 514 | 532 | −18 | **9** |
| South Korea | 1 | 6 | 453 | 530 | −77 | **8** |
| Morocco | 0 | 7 | 355 | 634 | −279 | **7** |

**13 October**

| **Soviet Union** | **91**50 | Poland |
| --- | --- | --- |

**14 October**

| **Poland** | **77**67 | South Korea |
| --- | --- | --- |

**15 October**

| **Poland** | **78**75 | Cuba |
| --- | --- | --- |

**16 October**

| Poland | 51**88** | **Brazil** |
| --- | --- | --- |

**18 October**

| Morocco | 48**85** | **Poland** |
| --- | --- | --- |

**19 October**

| Bulgaria | 67**69** | **Poland** |
| --- | --- | --- |

**20 October**

| **Mexico** | **68**63 | Poland |
| --- | --- | --- |

**19 October**

| Bulgaria | 67**69** | **Poland** |
| --- | --- | --- |

**20 October**

| **Mexico** | **68**63 | Poland |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Classification brackets

#### 5th–8th Place

**22 October**

| Italy | 52**66** | **Poland** |
| --- | --- | --- |

#### 5th-6th Place

**25 October**

| **Mexico** | **75**65 | Poland |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Boxing

Men

| Athlete | Event | 1 Round | 2 Round | 3 Round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank | |
| **Hubert Skrzypczak** | Light Flyweight |  | Mohamed Sohem (EGY)
**W** 5-0 | Tahar Aziz (MAR)
**W** 4-1 | Joseph Donovan (AUS)
**W** 3-2 | Jee Yong-Ju (KOR)
**W** 1-4 | Did not advance |  |
| **Artur Olech** | Flyweight |  | BYE | Constantin Ciuca (ROU)
**W** 3-2 | Nikolay Novikov (URS)
**W** TKO | Leo Rwabwogo (UGA)
**W** 3-2 | Ricardo Delgado (MEX)
**L** 0-5 |  |
| Jan Gałązka | Bantamweight | BYE | Domingo Casco Catalina (ARG)
**L** 2-3 | Did not advance | | | | |
| Jan Wadas | Featherweight |  | Ivan Mihailov (BUL)
**L** 1-4 | Did not advance | | | | |
| **Józef Grudzień** | Lightweight | Su-Lung Ho (TPE)
**W** 5-0 | Roberto Caminero Perez (CUB)
**W** 5-0 | Anthony Quinn (IRL)
**W** 4-1 | Enzo Petriglia (ITA)
**W** 5-0 | Zvonimir Vujin (YUG)
**W** 5-0 | Ronnie Harris (USA)
**L** 0-5 |  |
| **Jerzy Kulej** | Light-Welterweight | BYE | János Kajdi (HUN)
**W** 3-2 | Gianbattista Capretti (ITA)
**W** 4-1 | Peter Tiepold (GDR)
**W** 3-2 | Arto Nilsson (FIN)
**W** 5-0 | Enrique Regüeiferos (CUB)
**W** 3-2 |  |
| Marian Kasprzyk | Welterweight | BYE | Armando Muniz (USA)
**L** 1-4 | Did not advance | | | | |
| Witold Stachurski | Light Middleweight |  | Janos Covaci (ROU)
**L** 2-3 | Did not advance | | | | |
| Wiesław Rudkowski | Middleweight |  | BYE | Charles Amos (GUY)
**W** RSC | Aleksei Kiselyov (URS)
**L** 0-5 | Did not advance | | **5** |
| **Stanislaw Dragan** | Light Heavyweight |  | BYE | Jorge Clemente (PUR)
**W** WO | Walter Facchinetti (ITA)
**W** 4-1 | Ion Monea (ROU)
**L** 1-4 | Did not advance |  |
| Lucjan Trela | Heavyweight |  | | George Foreman (USA)
**L** 1-4 | Did not advance | | | |

## Canoeing

### Sprint

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Repechages | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Władysław Szuszkiewicz | K-1 1000 m | 4:03.4 | 1 **Q** | BYE | | 4:05.72 | 1 **Q** | 4:06.36 | **4** |
| Ewald Janusz
Rafal Piszcz
Władysław Zieliński
Ryszard Marchlik | K-4 1000 m | 3:21.7 | 3 **Q** | BYE | | 3:21.29 | 3 **Q** | 3:22.10 | **8** |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Stanisława Szydłowska | K-1 500 m | 2:12.1 | 5 **q** | 2:15.32 | 4 | Did not advance | |
| Izabella Antonowicz
Jadwiga Doering | K-2 500 m | 2:06.8 | 5 **q** | 2:03.48 | 1 **Q** | 2:04.20 | 9 |

## Cycling

Ten cyclists represented Poland in 1968.

### Road

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Marian Kegel | Men's road race | 4:44:00 | 10 |
| Kazimierz Jasiński | | 5:08:25 | 59 |
| Zygmunt Hanusik | | 5:20:59 | 62 |
| Zenon Czechowski | | DNF | |
| Andrzej Bławdzin
Zenon Czechowski
Jan Magiera
Marian Kegel | Team time trial | 2:14:40.98 | **6** |

### Track

1000m time trial

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Janusz Kierzkowski** | Men's 1000m time trial | 1:04.63 |  |

Pursuit

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Rank |
| Rajmund Zieliński | Men's individual pursuit | 4:46.03 | 10 |  | Did not advance | | | 10 |
| Wojciech Matusiak
Janusz Kierzkowski
Wacław Latocha
Rajmund Zieliński | Team pursuit |  | | Czechoslovakia (TCH)
**L** 4:23.77 **Q** | West Germany (FRG)
**L** 4:38.91 | Did not advance | | **5** |

## Diving

Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Final | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Jerzy Kowalewski | 3 m springboard | 79.97 | 21 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 10 m platform | 85.08 | 22 | Did not advance | | | |
| Wlodzimierz Mejsak | 10 m platform | 89.41 | 13 | Did not advance | | | |
| Jakub Puchow | 3 m springboard | 88.65 | 15 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 10 m platform | 85.14 | 21 | Did not advance | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Final | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Bogusława Pietkiewicz | 3 m springboard | 76.45 | 20 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 10 m platform | 49.53 | 4 **Q** | 45.56 | 8 | 95.09 | **5** |
| Elżbieta Wierniuk | 3 m springboard | 87.62 | 9 **Q** | 34.80 | 12 | 122.42 | 11 |
| | 10 m platform | 47.26 | 15 | Did not advance | | | |

## Equestrian

### Show jumping

| Athlete | Horse | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Penalties | Rank | Penalties | Rank |
| Marian Kozicki | Braz | Individual | 28.00 | 35 | Did not advance | |
| Antoni Pacyński | Cyrrus | | 37.25 | 38 | Did not advance | |
| Piotr Wawryniuk | Farys | | 52.75 | 39 | Did not advance | |
| Marian Kozicki
Antoni Pacyński
Piotr Wawryniuk | *See above* | Team | 123.50 | 12 | 223,25 | 11 |

## Fencing

20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented Poland in 1968.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | | Round 2 | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Bohdan Andrzejewski | Men's épée |  | 3 **Q** |  | 4 **Q** |  | 4 | Did not advance | | | 13 |
| Bogdan Gonsior | |  | 3 **Q** |  | 3 **Q** |  | 5 | Did not advance | | | 17 |
| Henryk Nielaba | |  | 2 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** |  | 4 | Did not advance | | |  |
| **Henryk Nielaba
Michał Butkiewicz
Bogdan Gonsior
Bohdan Andrzejewski
Kazimierz Barburski** | Team épée | Argentina (ARG)
**W** 16-0
Canada (CAN)
**W** 10-6
East Germany (GDR)
**W** 9-7 | 1 **Q** |  | | France (FRA)
**W** 9-7 | | Hungary (HUN)
**L** 5-9 | | West Germany (FRG)
**W** 9-6 |  |
| Adam Lisewski | Men's foil |  | 2 **Q** |  | 2 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** |  | 6 | Did not advance | 11 |
| Ryszard Parulski | |  | 1 **Q** |  | 4 **Q** |  | 2 **Q** |  | 5 | Did not advance | 9 |
| Witold Woyda | |  | 1 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** |  | 3 **Q** |  | 2 **Q** |  |  |
| **Witold Woyda
Zbigniew Skrudlik
Ryszard Parulski
Egon Franke
Adam Lisewski** | Team foil | Venezuela (VEN)
**W** 10-6
Argentina (ARG)
**W** 11-5
Hungary (HUN)
**W** 9-4 | 1 **Q** |  | | Germany (GER)
**W** 9-4 | | France (FRA)
**L** 7-9 | | Romania (ROU)
**W** 9-3 |  |
| Józef Nowara | Men's sabre |  | 1 **Q** |  | 2 **Q** |  | 2 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** |  | **6** |
| Emil Ochyra | |  | 1 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** |  | 4 **Q** |  | **5** |
| Jerzy Pawłowski | |  | 2 **Q** |  | 1 **Q** | Rylsky (URS) **W** 5-4
Ferrari (ITA) **L** 2-5
Horváth (HUN) **L** 1-5
Van Der Auwera (BEL) **L** 4-5
Morales (USA) **W** 5-3 | 4 | Did not advance | | |  |
| Emil Ochyra
Jerzy Pawłowski
Józef Nowara
Franciszek Sobczak
Zygmunt Kawecki | Team sabre | Cuba (CUB)
**W** 13-3
France (FRA)
**L** 7-9 | 2 **Q** |  | | France (FRA)
**L** 2-9 | | Great Britain (GBR)
**W** 9-2 | | United States (USA)
**W** 9-5 | **5** |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | | Round 2 | | Round 3 | | Round 4 | | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Halina Balon | Women's foil |  |  | Did not advance | | | | | | | | |  |
| Elżbieta Franke-Cymerman | |  |  | Did not advance | | | | | | | | |  |
| Kamilla Składanowska | |  |  | Did not advance | | | | | | | | |  |
| Halina Balon
Kamilla Składanowska
Elżbieta Franke-Cymerman
Elżbieta Pawlas
Wanda Fukała-Kaczmarczyk | Team foil | Soviet Union (URS)
**L** 4-12
Romania (ROU)
**L** 10-6 | 3 |  | | | | | | Did not advance | | | **7** |

## Gymnastics

### Artistic

Men

| Athlete | Event | Final Standings | | | | | | | | Apparatus Final | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apparatus | | | | | | Total | Rank | Apparatus | | | | | | Total | Rank |
| | | F | PH | R | V | | | PB | HB | F | PH | R | V | | | PB | HB |
| Andrzej Gonera | All-around | 17.80 | 17.95 | 18.30 | 18.25 | 18.55 | 18.40 | 109.25 | 38 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Jerzy Kruża | All-around | 17.85 | 18.10 | 17.70 | 18.15 | 18.10 | 18.25 | 108.15 | 53 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Mikołaj Kubica | All-around | 18.50 | 19.00 | 18.75 | 18.70 | 19.05 | 18.80 | 112.80 | 13 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Sylwester Kubica | All-around | 18.45 | 18.40 | 17.80 | 18.05 | 18.70 | 18.40 | 109.80 | 31 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Wilhelm Kubica | All-around | 18.55 | 19.10 **Q** | 18.60 | 18.55 | 19.15 | 19.20 | 113.15 | 11 |  | 19.15 | Did not advance | | | | 19.15 | **4** |
| Aleksander Rokosa | All-around | 18.00 | 17.55 | 18.25 | 18.40 | 18.40 | 18.25 | 108.85 | 44 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Andrzej Gonera
Jerzy Kruża
Mikołaj Kubica
Sylwester Kubica
Wilhelm Kubica
Aleksander Rokosa | Team all-around | 91.45 | 92.55 | 91.85 | 92.20 | 93.85 | 93.50 | 555.40 | **5** | Did not advance | | | | | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Final Standings | | | | | | Apparatus Final | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apparatus | | | | Total | Rank | Apparatus | | | | Total | Rank |
| | | F | V | | | UB | BB | F | V | | | UB | BB |
| Małgorzata Chojnacka | All-around | 17.60 | 16.75 | 17.35 | 15.65 | 67.35 | 82 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Halina Daniec | All-around | 17.75 | 17.70 | 17.80 | 15.95 | 69.20 | 67 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Wiesława Lech | All-around | 17.95 | 17.55 | 18.05 | 18.00 | 71.55 | 42 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Łucja Ochmańska | All-around | 18.00 | 18.05 | 17.90 | 17.80 | 71.75 | 40 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Grażyna Witkowska | All-around | 18.00 | 17.40 | 18.10 | 16.80 | 70.30 | 55 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Barbara Zięba | All-around | 17.65 | 17.90 | 17.65 | 17.55 | 70.75 | 46 | Did not advance | | | | | |
| Małgorzata Chojnacka
Halina Daniec
Wiesława Lech
Łucja Ochmańska
Grażyna Witkowska
Barbara Zięba | Team all-around | 89.40 | 88.60 | 89.75 | 86.10 | 353.85 | 10 |  | | | | | |

## Rowing

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Repechage | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Zdzislaw Bromek | Single sculls | 8:06.61 | 5 **R** | 7:48.68 | 3 **Q** | 8:13.92 | 6 **FB** | 7:45.48 | **7** |
| Jerzy Broniec
Alfons Ślusarski | Coxless pair | 7:45.51 | 3 **R** | 7:35.81 | 3 **Q** | 7:40.10 | 6 **FB** | 7:22.89 | **8** |

## Sailing

Open

| Athlete | Event | Race | | | | | | | Net points | Final rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | |
| Andrzej Zawieja | Finn | 6 | 17 | 19 | 10 | ~~25~~ | 11 | 17 | 115.7 | 12 |
| Andrzej Iwiński
Ludwik Raczyński | Flying Dutchman | 20 | 18 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 17 | ~~26~~ | 165 | 24 |

## Shooting

Eleven shooters, ten men and one woman, represented Poland in 1968. Józef Zapędzki won gold in the 25 metre pistol.

Open

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank |
| Włodzimierz Danek | Skeet | 189 | 23 |
| Ryszard Fandier | Men's 300 metre rifle three positions | 1127 | 15 |
| | Men's 50 metre rifle three positions | 1139 | 25 |
| Wiesław Gawlikowski | Skeet | 188 | 24 |
| Wacław Hamerliński | 25 m rapid fire pistol | 585 | 16 |
| Paweł Małek | 50 m pistol | 556 | **5** |
| Jerzy Nowicki | Men's 50 metre rifle three positions | 1140 | 24 |
| | Men's 50 metre rifle prone | 593 | 21 |
| Adam Smelczyński | Trap | 195 | **6** |
| Rajmund Stachurski | 50 m pistol | 544 | 28 |
| Eugeniusz Pędzisz | Men's 300 metre rifle three positions | 1117 | 20 |
| Eulalia Rolińska | Men's 50 metre rifle prone | 593 | 22 |
| **Józef Zapędzki** | 25 m rapid fire pistol | 593 |  |

## Swimming

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Józef Klukowski | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:11.0 | 22 **Q** | 1:10.9 | 18 | Did not advance | |
| | 200 metre breaststroke | 2:41.6 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| Jacek Krawczyk | 200 metre butterfly | 2:22.1 | 24 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 200 metre medley | 2:23.8 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 400 metre medley | 5:15.1 | 22 | Did not advance | | | |
| Zbigniew Pacelt | 200 metre freestyle | 2:06.3 | 33 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 200 metre medley | 2:23.3 | 23 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 400 metre medley | 5:18.6 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| Władysław Wojtakajtis | 200 metre freestyle | 2:06.0 | 31 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 400 metre freestyle | 4:31.1 | 19 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 1500 metre freestyle | 18:32.4 | 18 | Did not advance | | | |

## Volleyball

Women's team competition * **Round robin**

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 Oct | **Poland** | **3–2** | South Korea |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 14 Oct | **Soviet Union** | **3–0** | Poland |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 16 Oct | **Poland** | **3–0** | United States |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 19 Oct | **Poland** | **3–2** | Mexico |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20 Oct | **Japan** | **3–0** | Poland |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 24 Oct | **Poland** | **3–0** | Czechoslovakia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 25 Oct | **Poland** | **3–1** | Peru |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Roster

**Bronze Medal**

## Weightlifting

Men

| Athlete | Event | Military Press | | Snatch | | Clean & Jerk | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | | |
| **Henryk Trębicki** | 56 kg | 115.0 | 3 | 107.5 | 1 | 135 | 4 | 357.5 |  |
| Jan Wojnowski | 60 kg | 117.5 | 5 | 115 | 3 | 150 | 2 | 382.5 | **4** |
| Mieczysław Nowak | | 117.5 | 5 | 110 | 6 | 147.5 | 4 | 375 | **5** |
| **Waldemar Baszanowski** | 67,5 kg | 135 | 1 | 135 | 1 **OR** | 167.5 | 1 **OR** | 437.5 **OR** |  |
| **Marian Zieliński** | | 135 | 1 | 125 | 4 | 160 | 4 | 420 |  |
| **Norbert Ozimek** | 82,5 kg | 150 | 3 | 140 | 4 | 182.5 | 3 | 472.5 |  |
| **Marek Gołąb** | 90 kg | 165 | 2 | 145 | 4 | 185 | 5 | 495 |  |

## Wrestling

Men's freestyle

| Athlete | Event | Elimination Pool | | | | | | Final round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Round 1
Result | Round 2
Result | Round 3
Result | Round 4
Result | Round 5
Result | Round 6
Result | Final round
Result | Rank |
| Zbigniew Żedzicki | −57 kg | Horst Mayer (GDR)
**W** P | Marco Terán (ECU)
**W** T 2:10 | Yojiro Uetake (JPN)
**L** P | Bazaryn Sükhbaatar (MGL)
**W** P | Ivan Shavov (BUL)
**W** P | Did not advance | | **6** |
| Tadeusz Godyń | −63 kg | Tsedendambyn Natsagdorj (MGL)
**L** P | Yelkan Tedeyev (URS)
**L** T 9:04 | Did not advance | | | | | 17 |
| Janusz Pająk | −70 kg | Aka-Jahan Dastagir (AFG)
**W** P | Severino Aguilar Fruto (PAN)
**W** T 1:14 | Iwao Horiuchi (JPN)
**L** P | Wayne Wells (USA)
**L** P | Did not advance | | | 9 |
| Jan Wypiorczyk | −87 kg | Shigeru Endo (JPN)
**W** E | Boris Michail Gurevich (URS)
**L** T 10:36 | Did not advance | | | | | 16 |
| Ryszard Długosz | −97 kg | Alexis Nihon (JPN)
**W** T 1:33 | Edward Millard (CAN)
**L** P | Nicolae Negut (ROU)
**W** P | Ahmet Ayik (TUR)
**L** P | Did not advance | | | **7** |
| Wiesław Bocheński | +97 kg | Ölziisaikhany Erdene-Ochir (MGL)
**L** P | Wilfried Dietrich (FRG)
**L** DQ | Did not advance | | | | | 10 |

Men's Greco-Roman

| Athlete | Event | Elimination Pool | | | | | | Final round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Round 1
Result | Round 2
Result | Round 3
Result | Round 4
Result | Round 5
Result | Round 6
Result | Final round
Result | Rank |
| Jan Michalik | −52 kg | Gheorghe Stoiciu (ROU)
**L** P | Jussi Vesterinen (FIN)
**W** P | Did not advance | | | | | 19 |
| Józef Lipień | −57 kg | Kaya Ozcan (TUR)
**L** P | Cheon-Yeong An (KOR)
**L** E | Risto Bjorlin (FIN)
**L** T 9:00 | Did not advance | | | | 16 |
| Tadeusz Godyń | −63 kg | Nikolaos Lazarou (GRE)
**L** P | António Morais (POR)
**L** DQ | Did not advance | | | | | 16 |
| Adam Ostrowski | −78 kg | Dimitrios Savvas (GRE)
**W** E | Milan Nenadic (YUG)
**W** P | Jan Karstrom (SWE)
**L** P | Did not advance | | | | 11 |
| Czesław Kwieciński | −87 kg | László Sillai (HUN)
**W** P | Julio Graffigna (ARG)
**W** T 7:54 | Valentin Oleynik (URS)
**L** P | Richard Baughman (USA)
**L** P | Did not advance | | | **7** |
| Wacław Orłowski | -97 kg | Nikolai Yakovenko (URS)
**L** P | Takeshi Nagao (JPN)
**W** T 2:42 | Tore Hem (NOR)
**L** P | Did not advance | | | | **6** |
| Edward Wojda | +97 kg | Arje Nadbornik (FIN)
**W** T 2:24 | Bekir Aksu (TUR)
**L** E | Sten Svensson (SWE)
**L** P | Anatoly Roshchin (URS)
**L** T 5:29 | Did not advance | | | **8** |

## InfoBox

| Poland at the
1968 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | POL |
| NOC | Polish Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.pkol.pl (in Polish) |
| in Mexico City, Mexico
October 12, 1968 (1968-10-12) – October 27, 1968 (1968-10-27) | |
| Competitors | 177 in 16 sports |
| Flag bearer | Waldemar Baszanowski |
| Medals
Ranked 11th | Gold 5 Silver 2 Bronze 11 Total 18 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Austria (1908–1912)
Russian Empire (1912) | |


title: Podsolisation

abstract: Podsolisation is an extreme form of leaching which causes the eluviation of iron and aluminium sesquioxides. The process generally occurs in areas where precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration. The minerals are removed by a process known as leaching. When organic material is broken down nutrients are released, but at the same time organic acids are released. These organic acids are known as chelating agents. Many podsol soils form underneath coniferous forests, the fact that pine trees are evergreen causes a very thin litter layer inhibiting the production of humus. As a result, an acidic mor humus is produced which provides a greater amount of chelating agents.

text:
# Podsolisation

**Podsolisation** is an extreme form of leaching which causes the eluviation of iron and aluminium sesquioxides.

The process generally occurs in areas where precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration. The minerals are removed by a process known as leaching.

When organic material is broken down nutrients are released, but at the same time organic acids are released. These organic acids are known as chelating agents. Many podsol soils form underneath coniferous forests, the fact that pine trees are evergreen causes a very thin litter layer inhibiting the production of humus. As a result, an acidic (pH 4.5) mor humus is produced which provides a greater amount of chelating agents.

## The A Horizon

In podsolisation, chelating agents break down clay and release minerals such as iron and aluminium. When iron and aluminium are hydrated they become sesquioxides. The sesquioxides are translocated from the A Horizon, a zone of out-washing, to the B Horizon, a zone of illuviation. Many bases such as calcium and potassium are also leached from the zone along with organic matter and silica. Often minerals like quartz and silica are left behind in the A horizon. What is significantly different about podsols in comparison to other soils is that the bottom of A horizon is known as the AE horizon, which is an eluviated area which has lost sesquioxides. It tends to be an ash gray colour.

## The B Horizon

The B Horizon has dark layer where minerals, organic matter and bases are being illuviated (washed in/accumulated). Below this is a red/orange layer of iron and aluminium sesquioxides deposit. Some bases remain in the soil, though others may be lost by throughflow. In many podsols, Iron Pans are created. This can cause water logging which may then saturate the A horizon leading to mottling or a gleyed podsol.

Also useful: soil chemistry


title: Johnny Smith (rugby league)

abstract: Johnny Smith (1923–2007) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s. He played for North Sydney and Parramatta. He was a foundation player for Parramatta and played in the club's first ever game.

text:
# Johnny Smith (rugby league)

**Johnny Smith** (1923–2007) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s. He played for North Sydney and Parramatta. He was a foundation player for Parramatta and played in the club's first ever game.

## Playing career

Smith made his debut for North Sydney in 1945 and spent two years with the club as they missed out on the finals on both occasions. In 1947, Smith joined Parramatta who had just been admitted into the competition. On 12 April 1947 Parramatta played in their first ever match as a club against Newtown at Cumberland Oval. The game finished in a 34–12 defeat and Parramatta went on to claim the wooden spoon that year after winning only 3 games. Smith went on to play another 3 seasons with the club as they struggled near the bottom of the table but nearly qualified for the finals in 1949 only to miss out by 2 competition points.

## Post playing

Smith went on to become a trainer at Parramatta over the next 30 years and was made a life member of the club in 1976. He died on 2 October 2007.

## InfoBox

Johnny Smith
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Johnny Smith |
| Born | 1923
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 2 October 2007 (aged 8384)
Camden Haven, New South Wales, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Second-row |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1945–46 North Sydney 12 5 0 0 15  1947–50 Parramatta 46 5 0 0 15  Total 58 10 0 0 30 | |
| Source: | |


title: Jordan Lane Price

abstract: Jordan Lane Price is an American actress, singer and model. She is best known for her portrayal of Celia Fitzgerald in The Online Network reboot of soap opera drama series All My Children.

text:
# Jordan Lane Price

**Jordan Lane Price** is an American actress, singer and model. She is best known for her portrayal of Celia Fitzgerald in The Online Network reboot of soap opera drama series *All My Children*.

## Early life

When Price was eight years old, she began musical theater, which eventually led her to start working in professional theater. She studied philosophy in college.

## Career

Price portrayed Celia Fitzgerald in The Online Network reboot of soap opera drama series *All My Children.* It was originally reported Price was cast in the role of an aged Miranda Montgomery, however she would portray a new character of Celia Fitzgerald, and that the role of Miranda would be played by Denyse Tontz. Price first appeared in the contract role when the series premiered on April 29, 2013. Her performance as the character were well received by critics.

Her debut extended play (EP), *Sponge* will be released on June 30 from Innit Recordings. It was composed entirely by singer-songwriter and producer James Levy, mixed at The Rumpus Room and mastered by Joe LaPorta at Sterling Sound. The lead single, "These Days" was positively received by critics as a "timeless piece of pop perfect" while also pointing out the "60s-inspired vibe and Price's fuzzed out vocals add to the track's winsome, retro feel". The second single, title track "Sponge", was also positively received by critics as a "tune resplendent in beats to march to and Lane Price's honeyed tones layered and lightly reverbed".

## Filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Beware the Gonzo* | Julie |  |
| 2010 | *Double Fault* | Siena | Short film |
| 2014 | *Gun* | Jordan | Short film |
| 2014 | *Ride* | Marywald |  |
| 2015 | *The Nymphets* | Allyson |  |
| 2015 | *4th Man Out* | Jessica |  |
| 2015 | *Get Happy!* | Sarah |  |
| 2019 | *The Dirt* | Roxie |
| 2019 | *Dirty Sexy Saint* | Samantha Jameson |  |

Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | *All My Children* | Celia Fitzgerald | April 29, 2013 – September 2, 2013 |
| 2021 | *Season 22, Episode 3: Remember Me in Quarantine* | Lexi |  |

## Discography

### Extended plays

* *Sponge* (2015)

## InfoBox

| Jordan Lane Price | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1989-03-13) March 13, 1989<br>Hamburg, PA, U.S. |
| Occupations | * Singer * Actress * Model |
| Television | *All My Children* |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres |  |
| Labels | Innit Recordings |
|  | |


title: Podabrus tomentosus

abstract: Podabrus tomentosus is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Podabrus tomentosus

***Podabrus tomentosus*** is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2007). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-8788757675.

## InfoBox

| *Podabrus tomentosus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cantharidae |
| Genus: | *Podabrus* |
| Species: | ***P. tomentosus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Podabrus tomentosus***<br>(Say, 1825) | |
|


title: Podabrus tricostatus

abstract: Podabrus tricostatus is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Podabrus tricostatus

***Podabrus tricostatus*** is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2007). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-8788757675.

## InfoBox

| *Podabrus tricostatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cantharidae |
| Genus: | *Podabrus* |
| Species: | ***P. tricostatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Podabrus tricostatus***<br>(Say, 1835) | |
|


title: Thomas Chicheley

abstract: Sir Thomas Chicheley of Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire was a politician in England in the seventeenth century who fell from favour in the reign of James II. His name is sometimes spelt as Chichele.

text:
# Thomas Chicheley

**Sir Thomas Chicheley** (25 March 1614 – 1 February 1699) of Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire was a politician in England in the seventeenth century who fell from favour in the reign of James II. His name is sometimes spelt as **Chichele**.

## Life

He was born the eldest surviving son of Thomas Chicheley (1578–1616) of Wimpole and was related to Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury and founder of All Souls College, Oxford. He succeeded his father to Wimpole Hall, the largest house in Cambridgeshire.

He was High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire for 1637–38, and in 1640 was elected to the Long Parliament as one of the MPs for Cambridgeshire. However, being a strong Royalist, he was "disabled from sitting" (in other words expelled) soon after the outbreak of the Civil War. After the Restoration, he was elected once more for Cambridgeshire in the Parliament of 1661–1679, and subsequently sat for the city of Cambridge until his retirement after the Convention Parliament (1689).

He was appointed a deputy lieutenant for the county by 1639 to 1642 and from 1660 to 1685. He was also custos rotulorum for the county in 1642 and, after the restoration in 1660, for Cambridgeshire and Ely (until 1687).

In 1670, he was knighted, made a member of the Privy Council and appointed Master-General of the Ordnance. He held that office until 1679, when he was succeeded by three Commissioners of the Ordnance, including his son John. The same year he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, but was ejected from office and expelled from the Privy Council on 2 March 1687 by James II. He sat again, however, in Parliament for the city of Cambridge in 1678, 1679, 1685, and 1689, and died in 1699, at the age of eighty-four.

According to Pepys, Chicheley lived extravagantly in London, and this was probably the reason that he was forced to sell his Wimpole estate to Sir John Cutler thirteen years before his death. He had married Sarah, the daughter of Sir William Russell, and had 3 sons (who all predeceased him) and 2 daughters. After Sarah's death in 1654 he married again *circa* 1655 to Anne, the daughter of Sir Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry of Aylesborough and the widow of Sir William Savile, 3rd Baronet, of Thornhill, Yorkshire and had 2 further sons.

Attribution * This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephens, Henry Morse (1887). "Chicheley, Thomas". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
* D Brunton & D H Pennington, *Members of the Long Parliament* (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)

## InfoBox

| Sir Thomas Chicheley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Master-General of the Ordnance | |
| **In office**<br>1670–1674 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1614-03-14)14 March 1614 |
| Died | 1 February 1699(1699-02-01) (aged 84) |
|  | |


title: Pearl Aviation

abstract: Pearl Aviation is an Australian aviation company that operates charter and medical evacuation flights, as well as navigational aid flight inspection services, flight centres and ground handling. It is part of the Paspaley Group. Its main base and flight centre is Darwin International Airport.

text:
# Pearl Aviation

**Pearl Aviation** is an Australian aviation company that operates charter (some in support of the mining industry) and medical evacuation flights, as well as navigational aid flight inspection services, flight centres and ground handling. It is part of the Paspaley Group. Its main base and flight centre is Darwin International Airport.

## History

The airline was formed and started operations in 1964. It was acquired by Ansett Airlines in 1987. The company was divided into airline and non-airline operations and the non-airline operations were purchased in 1996 by Paspaley Pearling (which by that time had been operating aircraft to its pearl farms for over ten years) and renamed. One of the divisions of east–west that was purchased was an operation at Sydney Airport, conducting air ambulance flights for the Ambulance Service of New South Wales. In 2004 Pearl Aviation was awarded a ten-year contract to operate four Beechcraft Super King Airs configured as air ambulances for the Northern Territory Aerial Medical Service, after losing a similar Ambulance Service of New South Wales contract to the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia the previous year. In 2010 the Northern Territory Aerial Medical Service terminated the contract with Pearl Aviation.

AeroPearl is a joint venture between Pearl Aviation and Aerodata AG of Germany, based at Brisbane Airport. It operates under contract to Airservices Australia; it uses two Beechcraft Super King Airs to check the network of Australian civil aviation navaids, and has also performed similar work in various Asian countries.

## Fleet

### Current fleet

As of November 2021 the Pearl Aviation fleet includes:

The Dornier 328 aircraft were operated from four separate bases in Australia on a ten-year contract for the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). Some 120 staff are involved in providing the service.

The Grumman Mallard aircraft are operated in support of the Paspaley Pearling Company's ship fleet.

### Former fleet

In 2016 Pearl Aviation scaled back its charter services from Darwin due to reduced demand from the mining sector. At that time its fleet included the following aircraft:

At December 2009 the Pearl Aviation fleet consisted of:

## InfoBox

Pearl Aviation
| IATA ICAO Call sign  ADA AUSCAL | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1997 |
| Parent company | Paspaley Pearling |
| Headquarters | Darwin, Northern Territory |


title: Mokum

abstract: Mokum (מקום) is the Yiddish word for "place" or "safe haven". It is derived from the Hebrew word makom. In Yiddish, the names for some cities in the Netherlands and Germany were shortened to Mokum and had the first letter of the name of the city, transliterated into the Hebrew alphabet, added to them. Cities named this way were Amsterdam, Berlin, Delft, and Rotterdam. Mokum, without Aleph, is still commonly used as a nickname in the Netherlands for the city of Amsterdam. The nickname was first considered to be bargoens, a form of Dutch slang, but in the 20th century it lost its negative sound and is now used by Amsterdammers as a nickname for their city in a sentimental context. Examples are the song "Brand in Mokum"; Mokum 700, an exhibit in the RAI Amsterdam Convention Centre celebrating the 700th anniversary of Amsterdam in 1975; and "Mama Mokum", a song about Amsterdam by Ramses Shaffy from 1997.

text:
# Mokum

***Mokum*** (מקום) is the Yiddish word for "place" or "safe haven". It is derived from the Hebrew word *makom* (מקום, "place").

| City | Yiddish | Translation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Alkmaar | *Mokum Aye* |  |
| Amsterdam | *Mokum Alef* | City A |
| Berlin | *Mokum Beis* | City B |
| Delft | *Mokum Dollet* | City D |
| Rotterdam | *Mokum Resh* | City R |
| Winschoten | *Mokum van het Noorden* | City of the North |

In Yiddish, the names for some cities in the Netherlands and Germany were shortened to *Mokum* and had the first letter of the name of the city, transliterated into the Hebrew alphabet, added to them. Cities named this way were Amsterdam, Berlin, Delft, and Rotterdam.

*Mokum*, without *Aleph*, is still commonly used as a nickname in the Netherlands for the city of Amsterdam. The nickname was first considered to be  *bargoens*, a form of Dutch slang, but in the 20th century it lost its negative sound and is now used by Amsterdammers as a nickname for their city in a sentimental context. Examples are the song "Brand in Mokum" (derived from "Scotland's Burning"); Mokum 700, an exhibit in the RAI Amsterdam Convention Centre celebrating the 700th anniversary of Amsterdam in 1975; and "Mama Mokum", a song about Amsterdam by Ramses Shaffy from 1997.


title: New York's 45th State Senate district

abstract: New York's 45th State Senate district is one of 63 districts in the New York State Senate. It has been represented by Republican Dan Stec since 2021, succeeding fellow Republican Betty Little.

text:
# New York's 45th State Senate district

**New York's 45th State Senate district** is one of 63 districts in the New York State Senate. It has been represented by Republican Dan Stec since 2021, succeeding fellow Republican Betty Little.

## Geography

District 45 covers a large swath of northeastern New York's North County and Capital District, including all of Clinton, Essex, Franklin, and Warren Counties, and parts of St. Lawrence County and Washington County. The district, which contains Plattsburgh and Queensbury, reaches the northernmost point in the state. With an area of over 6,800 square miles, it is both the largest State Senate district in New York and the largest state legislative district in the Northeastern United States.

The district is located in New York's 21st congressional district, and overlaps with the 107th, 113th, 114th, 115th, and 118th districts of the New York State Assembly.

## Recent election results

### 2024

2024 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Dan Stec* |  |  |
|  | Conservative | *Dan Stec* |  |  |
|  | Total | Dan Stec (incumbent) |  |  |
|  | Write-in | |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  |  |

### 2022

2022 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Dan Stec* | 61,820 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Dan Stec* | 6,474 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Dan Stec (incumbent)** | **68,294** | **60.2** |
|  | Democratic | Jean Lapper | 45,075 | 39.8 |
|  | Write-in | | 25 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **113,394** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2020

2020 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Dan Stec* | 69,596 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Dan Stec* | 6,330 |  |
|  | Independence | *Dan Stec* | 2,210 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Dan Stec** | **78,136** | **57.9** |
|  | Democratic | *Kimberly Davis* | 51,922 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Kimberly Davis* | 5,006 |  |
|  | Total | Kimberly Davis | 56,928 | 42.1 |
|  | Write-in | | 54 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **135,118** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2018

2018 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Betty Little* | 56,669 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Betty Little* | 4,945 |  |
|  | Independence | *Betty Little* | 3,184 |  |
|  | Reform | *Betty Little* | 472 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Betty Little (incumbent)** | **65,270** | **64.4** |
|  | Democratic | *Emily Martz* | 33,876 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Emily Martz* | 2,185 |  |
|  | Total | Emily Martz | 36,061 | 35.6 |
|  | Write-in | | 33 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **101,364** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2016

2016 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Betty Little* | 76,016 |  |
|  | Independence | *Betty Little* | 8,733 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Betty Little* | 7,968 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Betty Little (incumbent)** | **92,717** | **88.0** |
|  | Green | Stephen Ruzbacki | 12,553 | 11.9 |
|  | Write-in | | 70 | 0.1 |
| Total votes | | | **105,340** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2014

2014 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Betty Little* | 45,936 |  |
|  | Independence | *Betty Little* | 10,061 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Betty Little* | 6,475 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Betty Little (incumbent)** | **62,472** | **99.5** |
|  | Write-in | | 302 | 0.5 |
| Total votes | | | **62,774** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2012

2012 New York State Senate election, District 45
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Betty Little* | 66,838 |  |
|  | Independence | *Betty Little* | 11,396 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Betty Little* | 9,032 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Betty Little (incumbent)** | **87,266** | **99.6** |
|  | Write-in | | 358 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **87,624** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### Federal results in District 45

| Year | Office | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | President | Trump 49.94 – 48.05% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 50.1 – 43.5% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 56.3 – 42.0% |
| | Senate | Gillibrand 67.2 – 31.2% |

## InfoBox

| New York's 45th
State Senate district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
|  | |
| Senator | Dan Stec
Queensbury |
| Registration | 38.0% Republican
31.4% Democratic
21.6% No party preference |
| Demographics | 90% White
3% Black
3% Hispanic
1% Asian
1% Native American |
| Population (2017) | 300,058 |
| Registered voters | 186,214 |


title: Goulding Chemicals

abstract: Goulding Chemicals Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of Origin Enterprises plc. The company supplies a wide range of Agricultural Fertilisers and Industrial Chemicals to the Irish market.

text:
# Goulding Chemicals

**Goulding Chemicals Ltd** is a wholly owned subsidiary of Origin Enterprises plc. The company supplies a wide range of Agricultural Fertilisers and Industrial Chemicals to the Irish market.

## History

The company has been operating since 1846 when William Goulding (1817–84) went into partnership with his brother Humphreys Manders Goulding (c.1820–1877) and their firm, W. & H. M. Goulding, became agents for patent animal dressings (1854) and fertilisers. They would subsequently go into the production of fertiliser setting up a plant in 1856 at the old Glen distillery in Blackpool Cork. The firm would be run for decades by the Goulding family that included Basil Goulding and Valerie Goulding.

The company was acquired by IAWS between 1985 and 1986.

## Goulding Fertilisers

Goulding Fertilisers manufacture and distribute NPK and trace element fertilisers in Ireland. The company supplies mainline and customised blended products to suit local nutrient requirements.

## Goulding Chemicals

Goulding Chemicals supplies a range of concentrations of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide and has the largest storage capacity in Ireland for sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids. The company is registered to ISO 9002 and has received IBEC Accreditation to Responsible Care.


title: Mercyhurst Ice Center

abstract: Mercyhurst Ice Center is a 35,280 square foot, 1,500-seat hockey rink in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States. It is home to the Mercyhurst University Lakers Men's and Women's ice hockey teams. The center was the first privately funded ice rink in Erie when it opened on 8 December 1991. The school expects to retire its 30-year construction bond through the assessment of a student fee, which produces $80,000 annually.

text:
# Mercyhurst Ice Center

**Mercyhurst Ice Center** is a 35,280 square foot, 1,500-seat hockey rink in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States. It is home to the Mercyhurst University Lakers Men's and Women's ice hockey teams. The center was the first privately funded ice rink in Erie when it opened on 8 December 1991. The school expects to retire its 30-year construction bond through the assessment of a student fee, which produces $80,000 annually.

## Lakers Men's Team

The Lakers men's ice hockey team currently competes in Division I Atlantic Hockey. Prior to 1991, the Lakers were known as *The Boys on the Bus* because they had to shuttle by bus to local civic ice rinks for events. Their determination and competitiveness encouraged the school to build the new center. The arena was the site of the 1995 NCAA Men's Division II Ice Hockey Championship.

## Laker's Women's Team

Lakers women's ice hockey has been played at the center since the team formed in 1999. The women, who play in the College Hockey America league, reached the 2007 NCAA Frozen Four as #2 seed. Their overtime loss to Duluth in quarterfinal play at the Ice Center on 9 March 2007 left the Lakers with a 32-2-3 season record.

## General Uses

The Ice Center hosts local youth and high school hockey programs, as well as recreational skating for Mercyhurst students.

42°06′10″N 80°03′18″W / 42.1027°N 80.0551°W / 42.1027; -80.0551

## InfoBox

Mercyhurst Ice Center
| *The MIC* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Erie, Pennsylvania, United States 16546 |
| Owner | Mercyhurst University |
| Operator | Mercyhurst University |
| Capacity | 1,500 (hockey) |
| Surface | 200' x 85' (ice arena) |
| Construction | |
| Opened | December 8, 1991 (1991-12-08) |
| Construction cost | $1.4 million |
| Tenants | |
| Mercyhurst Lakers<br>(Men's and Women's Ice Hockey) | |


title: Água Fria River (Braço Menor)

abstract: The Água Fria River is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Braço Menor do Rio Araguaia River.

text:
# Água Fria River (Braço Menor)

The **Água Fria River** is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Braço Menor do Rio Araguaia River.

## InfoBox

| Água Fria River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Tocantins state |
|  | |
| Mouth | Braço Menor do Rio Araguaia River |
| coordinates | 12°4′29″S 50°0′51″W / 12.07472°S 50.01417°W / -12.07472; -50.01417 |


title: Är det så här när man är kär

abstract: "Är det så här när man är kär" is a song written by Sven Goon, Gösta Rybrant, and originally recorded in Stockholm in November 1937 by Sven-Olof Sandberg with Willard Ringstrand's band, scoring a 1938 success with the song. The song was also released as a 78 rpm record at Sonora 3331 in Sweden and rpm Telefunken T-8134 in Norway. The song was also recorded by Cool Candys on their 1965 album Twist Party and by Carin Swensson in 1978 on her album Bondkomikerns dotter. On 15 October 1994, the episode Erik the Great of the Bert TV series aired, featuring fictional band Heman Hunters performing the song with Bert having heard it at a record at his grandmother's home, before Klimpen arrives, disturbing the entire performance. The song also appeared on the 1994 Berts bästa betraktelser soundtrack album. giving the song revival.

text:
# Är det så här när man är kär

"**Är det så här när man är kär**" is a song written by Sven Goon, Gösta Rybrant, and originally recorded in Stockholm in November 1937 by Sven-Olof Sandberg with Willard Ringstrand's band, scoring a 1938 success with the song. The song was also released as a 78 rpm record at Sonora 3331 in Sweden and rpm Telefunken T-8134 in Norway. The song was also recorded by Cool Candys on their 1965 album *Twist Party* and by Carin Swensson in 1978 on her album *Bondkomikerns dotter*.

On 15 October 1994, the episode *Erik the Great* of the Bert TV series aired, featuring fictional band Heman Hunters performing the song with Bert having heard it at a record at his grandmother's home, before Klimpen arrives, disturbing the entire performance. The song also appeared on the 1994 *Berts bästa betraktelser* soundtrack album. giving the song revival.

## InfoBox

| "Är det så här när man är kär" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Sven-Olof Sandberg | |
| A-side | "Är det så här när man är kär" |
| B-side | "Jazzinstrumentens Nachspiel" |
| Released | January 1938 |
| Recorded | Stockholm, Sweden, November 1937 |
| Genre | popular music/schlager |
| Label | Sonora |
| Songwriter(s) | Sven Goon, Gösta Rybrant |


title: Æthelstan (bishop of Hereford)

abstract: Æthelstan was a medieval Bishop of Hereford. Æthelstan was consecrated between 1013 and 1016. Before his death, he had been blind for 13 years, and Tremerig was appointed as a suffragan bishop to assist Æthelstan. Tremerig died shortly before Æthelstan did. Because of his blindness, the task of helping defend the border against the Welsh fell to the bishops of Worcester. Æthelstan died on 10 February 1056. His death may have been from old age, or it may have been as a consequence of the burning of his cathedral by the Welsh shortly before. After his death, he was considered for sainthood. His feast day is 10 February.

text:
# Æthelstan (bishop of Hereford)

**Æthelstan** (or **Athelstan**; died 1056) was a medieval Bishop of Hereford.

Æthelstan was consecrated between 1013 and 1016. Before his death, he had been blind for 13 years, and Tremerig was appointed as a suffragan bishop to assist Æthelstan. Tremerig died shortly before Æthelstan did. Because of his blindness, the task of helping defend the border against the Welsh fell to the bishops of Worcester.

Æthelstan died on 10 February 1056. His death may have been from old age, or it may have been as a consequence of the burning of his cathedral by the Welsh shortly before. After his death, he was considered for sainthood. His feast day is 10 February.

## Citations

* Barlow, Frank (1970). *Edward the Confessor*. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01671-8.
* Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). *Handbook of British Chronology* (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
* Loyn, H. R. (2000). *The English Church, 940–1154*. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-30303-6.
* Mason, Emma (2004). *House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty*. London: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
* Walker, Ian (2000). *Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King*. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905778-46-4.

## InfoBox

| Saint<br>Æthelstan | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Hereford | |
| Appointed | between 1013 and 1016 |
| Term ended | 10 February 1056 |
| Predecessor | Athulf |
| Successor | Leofgar of Hereford |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | between 1013 and 1016 |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 10 February 1056 |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 10 February |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |
| Title as Saint | Bishop |
| Shrines | Hereford Cathedral |


title: Çanta, Silivri

abstract: Çanta is a settlement in the municipality and district of Silivri, Istanbul Province, Turkey. It consists of two neighbourhoods: Çanta Balaban and Çanta Sancaktepe. Its population is 10,201 (2022). Çanta was an independent municipality until it was merged into the municipality of Silivri in 2008. It is on the European side of the city. It is accessible from the state road D.100 that runs from Istanbul to Edirne.

text:
# Çanta, Silivri

**Çanta** (meaning "bag" in Turkish) is a settlement in the municipality and district of Silivri, Istanbul Province, Turkey. It consists of two neighbourhoods: Çanta Balaban and Çanta Sancaktepe. Its population is 10,201 (2022). Çanta was an independent municipality until it was merged into the municipality of Silivri in 2008. It is on the European side of the city. It is accessible from the state road D.100 that runs from Istanbul to Edirne.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | 1,709 |  |
| 1975 | 1,688 | −0.25% |
| 1980 | 1,843 | +1.77% |
| 1985 | 1,988 | +1.53% |
| 1990 | 1,835 | −1.59% |
| 1997 | 4,430 | +13.42% |
| 2007 | 5,869 | +2.85% |
| 2012 | 5,111 | −2.73% |
| 2017 | 8,102 | +9.65% |
| 2022 | 10,201 | +4.72% |
| Source: TÜIK (2007-2022) | | |

## InfoBox

| Çanta | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Primary school in Çanta | |
| ÇantaLocation in TurkeyÇantaÇanta (Istanbul) | |
| Coordinates: 41°04′50″N 28°04′55″E / 41.08056°N 28.08194°E / 41.08056; 28.08194 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Istanbul |
| District | Silivri |
| Population (2022) | 10,201 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 34570, 34580 |
| Area code | 0212 |


title: Çanta Wind Farm

abstract: Çanta Wind Farm is a 2014 wind power plant consisting of 19 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 47.5 MW. The wind farm is in Çanta in the Silivri district of Istanbul Province, northwestern Turkey. The wind farm was initially projected by Bora Wind Energy Company in 2011. After Boydak Energy Company took over Bora Co., construction began in 2012. The farm went into production in May 2014 with six turbines, each with a capacity to generate 2.5 MW. By the end of June 2014, eight more turbines were in service, increasing the total installed capacity to 35 MW.

text:
# Çanta Wind Farm

**Çanta Wind Farm** is a 2014 wind power plant consisting of 19 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 47.5 MW. The wind farm is in Çanta in the Silivri district of Istanbul Province, northwestern Turkey.

The wind farm was initially projected by Bora Wind Energy Company in 2011. After Boydak Energy Company took over Bora Co., construction began in 2012. The farm went into production in May 2014 with six turbines, each with a capacity to generate 2.5 MW. By the end of June 2014, eight more turbines were in service, increasing the total installed capacity to 35 MW.

## Location

The wind farm is located on a 240 m (790 ft)-high hill northwest of Çanta town, just east of the provincial border between Tekirdağ and Istanbul. It is at a distance of 27 km (17 mi) to Çorlu, 17 km (11 mi) to Silivri and 83 km (52 mi) to Istanbul.

## Technical details

Maximum power output of each of the 19 turbines supplied by Nordex in Germany is 2.5 MW, and the total annual energy production is about 151 GWh. The turbines of type N100/2500 have 100 m (330 ft) rotor diameter.

Average annual wind speed at the site is given with 7.5–8.5 m/s (25–28 ft/s).

## InfoBox

| Çanta Wind Farm | |
| --- | --- |
| The Çanta Wind Farm | |
|  | |
| Official name | Çanta Rüzgar Enerji Santrali |
| Country | Turkey |
| Location | Çanta, Silivri, Istanbul Province |
| Coordinates | 41°06′50″N 28°03′30″E / 41.11389°N 28.05833°E / 41.11389; 28.05833 |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 2012 |
| Commission date | May 31, 2014 (2014-05-31) |
| Owners | Boydak Enerji |
| Operators | Boydak Enerji |
| Wind farm | |
| Type | onshore |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 19 |
| Make and model | Nordex N100/2500 |
| Nameplate capacity | 19 X 2.5 MW |
| Annual net output | 151 GWh |
| External links | |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Çorlu train derailment

abstract: The Çorlu train derailment was a fatal railway accident which occurred in 2018 at the Çorlu district of Tekirdağ Province in northwestern Turkey when a train derailed, killing 24 passengers and injuring 318, including 42 severely.

text:
# Çorlu train derailment

The **Çorlu train derailment** was a fatal railway accident which occurred in 2018 at the Çorlu district of Tekirdağ Province in northwestern Turkey when a train derailed, killing 24 passengers and injuring 318, including 42 severely.

## Accident

At 17:15 Turkish time on 8 July 2018, five bogies of the six-car train of Uzunköprü-Halkalı Regional operating with train number 12703 on the Istanbul-Pythio railway en route to Halkalı Terminal in Istanbul derailed at 162 km (101 mi) near Sarılar village of Çorlu, Tekirdağ. Of the 362 passengers and six crew on board, 24 were killed and 318 injured. 276 lightly injured passengers were discharged from the hospitals after receiving treatment, while medical care for the 42 severely injured victims continues in hospitals in Tekirdağ, Çorlu and Istanbul.

The Turkish Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications announced in a statement right after the accident, that the derailment occurred after the railway track slipped down from its original position due to torrential rains. It was reported that the track was intact when a scheduled train passed through that location at about 10:40 local time the same day. Heavy rainfall at a rate of 32 kg/m2 (6.6 lb/sq ft) per hour occurred between 14:20 and 15:10 in the region. Investigations revealed that a culvert under the railway had collapsed as flood water sapped it by washing away the soil underneath its foundation, and as a result the track ballast under the tracks lost its support. However, the sleepers at that spot appeared to be in good order to the railroad engineer of the train, which was running at a speed of 100–110 km/h (62–68 mph). The locomotive ran through without incident, then the first car derailed, although it remained upright. The following five cars, however, fully derailed and overturned, destroying 400 m (1,300 ft) of tracks.

Numerous Russian news sources reported that Russian tourists were among the injured. The Radio and Television Supreme Council imposed a temporary ban on broadcasting the accident.

## Aftermath

Several emergency services, including AFAD, UMKE, Health Ministry emergency 112 and Gendarmerie, arrived at the scene for rescue operations. The closest distance of the highway to the accident site was approximately 3 km (1.9 mi). Due to the muddy terrain which was a result of the sudden heavy rainfall, access by road vehicles was impossible. The victims were transported to the ambulances waiting on the highway using tractors' chaser bins provided by the villagers. Tracked vehicles had to be sent to the accident site. The injured passengers were transported to nearby hospitals by ambulances and helicopters. Rescue operations continued all night, and were completed at 6:00 hours the next day.

Track repairs began on 9 July. First, the ballast, sleepers, and damaged tracks were renewed from both sides. Following the restoration of the track, the overturned and damaged cars were removed on 14 July by a workforce of 30, with the help of a railroad crane. The cars were transported firstly to Çorlu railway station on a freight train and from there to the Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation (MKE) in İzmit by trucks. In February 2021, the mother of a victim was fined to pay TL 8,840 ($1,191 at that time) for insulting public officials while active on social media.

On 25 April 2024, a court in Çorlu sentenced nine railway officials to a combined total more than 108 years’ imprisonment for “causing death and injury by negligence” over the disaster, with individual sentences ranging from eight years and four months for a deputy rail maintenance manager to 17 and a half years to Turkish Railways' regional manager. Four other officials were acquitted.

## InfoBox

| Çorlu train derailment | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the train accident in the Marmara Region, Turkey. | |
| Details | |
| Date | 8 July 2018
17:15 TRT |
| Location | near Sarılar, Çorlu, Tekirdağ
110 km (68 mi) from Istanbul |
| Coordinates | 41°09′22″N 27°41′20″E / 41.1562°N 27.6889°E / 41.1562; 27.6889 |
| Country | Turkey |
| Line | Uzunköprü-Halkalı railway |
| Operator | Turkish State Railways (TCDD) |
| Incident type | Derailment |
| Statistics | |
| Trains | 1 |
| Passengers | 362 |
| Crew | 6 |
| Deaths | 24 |
| Injured | 318 total (276 light, 42 severe) |
| Damage | 5 cars |


title: Çakırlı, Biga

abstract: Çakırlı is a village in the Biga District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 174 (2021).

text:
# Çakırlı, Biga

**Çakırlı** is a village in the Biga District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 174 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Çakırlı | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÇakırlıLocation in TurkeyÇakırlıÇakırlı (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 40°22′30″N 27°10′21″E / 40.3750°N 27.1725°E / 40.3750; 27.1725 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çanakkale |
| District | Biga |
| Population (2021) | 174 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa Konağı

abstract: The Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa Konağı is a mansion built on behalf of Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa in Of, Trabzon, Turkey. The year of construction is unknown. On one of the fireplaces is the year "1235 H", equivalent to 1805 AD. 40 masters are said to have been involved in the construction and it is considered to be the lagerst sandstone mansion in the Turkish Black Sea Region.

text:
# Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa Konağı

40°55′15″N 40°21′33″E / 40.92083°N 40.35917°E / 40.92083; 40.35917 The Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa Konağı is a mansion built on behalf of Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa in Of, Trabzon, Turkey. The year of construction is unknown. On one of the fireplaces is the year "1235 ", equivalent to 1805 AD. 40 masters are said to have been involved in the construction and it is considered to be the lagerst sandstone mansion in the Turkish Black Sea Region.

## The structure of the building

The building, which consists mainly of pink sandstone, was built on a hill with sea views. The mansion has an area of 529 m² and has a living area of approximately 1500 m². The northern side of the building faces the sea. There are two floors with small windows. To the South, the building consists of three floors. The second and third floors are decorated with woodwork. The main gates are facing west and east. On the south side there is a third door in the middle. In addition, a gate for the horses is installed on the east side.

Guests were accommodated on the west side in a separate room and next to it was an armory. The kitchen and a spacious courtyard with two entrances are located in the middle floor. On the upper floor are more living spaces. In addition there is a prison cell on the lower floor of the mansion. Furthermore there are also a library, a farm and assembly rooms in the building.

## History

During the conflict between the Hazinedaroğlu and Tuzcuoğlu families, which later developed into the Laz rebellion (1832-1834), the derebey Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa sought refuge with Çakıroğlu İsmail Ağa in 1817.

In World War I, the mansion was shelled by Russian warships, but was hardly damaged. The building was registered as a historical work and is currently in need to refurbishment.

In 2017, Çakıroğlu Educational and Cultural Association handed over the mansion to Trabzon Province in the presence of Turkish Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu. The building is to be restored and will function as an inn.

The project planning for the restoration was completed in 2018 and the restoration work on the mansion has been in progress since 2019.


title: Çakırpınar, Sason

abstract: Çakırpınar is a village in the Sason District, Batman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Arabs and had a population of 537 in 2021. The hamlets of Arpacık, Çatmalı, Dağdelen, Dağlıca, Deliktaş, Konaklı, Yazlıca and Yongalı are attached to the village.

text:
# Çakırpınar, Sason

**Çakırpınar** is a village in the Sason District, Batman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Arabs and had a population of 537 in 2021.

The hamlets of Arpacık, Çatmalı, Dağdelen, Dağlıca, Deliktaş, Konaklı, Yazlıca and Yongalı are attached to the village.

## InfoBox

| Çakırpınar | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÇakırpınarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 38°27′04″N 41°32′24″E / 38.451°N 41.540°E / 38.451; 41.540 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Batman |
| District | Sason |
| Population (2021) | 537 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Złombol

abstract: Złombol is a charity car rallying event with a starting point in Poland. The goal of the rally is to finish about 2500 km over a number of stages using a car that was built or designed during the communist era. The rally takes place each year in July, August or September. The starting point is always Katowice. The 2015 event has been called the largest charity car rally in Europe. The 2020 event has been postponed for 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

text:
# Złombol

**Złombol** (English "junkbol"; "złom" means junk) is a charity car rallying event with a starting point in Poland. The goal of the rally is to finish about 2500 km over a number of stages using a car that was built or designed during the communist era. The rally takes place each year in July, August or September. The starting point is always Katowice.

The 2015 event has been called the largest charity car rally in Europe. The 2020 event has been postponed for 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## History

The rally was conceived in 2007 by two friends as an idea to travel a very long distance in a very old car, and to use that event to gather funds for an orphanage. In the first event there were only two teams.

| Year | Teams | Teams finished | Destination | Gathered funds | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2007** | 2 | 2 | Monte Carlo | 12 792.77 zł (3 198,19 EUR) | N/A |
| **2008** | 13 | 11 | Monte Carlo | 37 631.55 zł (9 407,89 EUR) | 04.09.2008 - 07.09.2008 |
| **2009** | 21 | 17 | Arctic Circle | 43 989.08 zł (10 997,27 EUR) | 04.07.2009 - 08.07.2009 |
| **2010** | 121 | 107 | Istanbul | 172 328.33 zł (43 082,08 EUR) | 04.09.2010 - 07.09.2010 |
| **2011** | 134 | 102 | Loch Ness | 231 791.42 zł (57 947,86 EUR) | 23.07.2011 - 27.07.2011 |
| **2012** | 206 | 167 | Archaia Olympia | 346 584.42 zł (86 646,11 EUR) | 15.09.2012 - 19.09.2012 |
| **2013** | 147 | 110 | Nordkapp | 302 738.73 zł (75 684,68 EUR) | 10.08.2013 - 14.08.2013 |
| **2014** | 401 | 310 | Lloret de Mar | 676 736,97 zł (169 184,24 EUR) | 13.09.2014 - 17.09.2014 |
| **2015** | 392 | N/A | Stelvio Pass | 734 868,06 zł (183 717,01 EUR) | 15.08.2015 - 18.08.2015 |
| **2016** | 510 | N/A | Tunisia via Palermo | 1 070 953,16 zł (267 738,29 EUR) | 25.09.2016 - 29/30.09.2016 |
| **2017** | 530 | N/A | Noja | 1 128 845,63 zł (282 211,41 EUR) | 02.09.2017 - 06.09.2017 |
| **2018** | 836 | 700 | Sithonia | 1 866 050,13 zł (466 512,53 EUR) | 01.09.2018 - 05.09.2018 |
| **2019** | 450 | N/A | Dublin | 1 322 255,64 zł (310 351,71 EUR) | 28.06.2019 - 03.07.2019 |
| ~~**2020**~~ | *Edition (20–24 June) postponed for 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.* | | | | |
| **2021** | TBD | TBD | Burhaniye | TBD | 26.06.2021–TBD |
| **2022** | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| **2023** | 487 | ~300 | Nazaré | 2 746 654,46 zł | 01.07.2023-05.07.2023 |
| **2024** | Unknown | Unknown | Atlantic Ocean Road | Unknown | 29.06.2024-03.07.2024 |

1 EUR = 4.6 zł

## Charity

Teams taking part in the rally are gathering money for orphanages by selling advertising space on their cars. Each team has to acquire donors to reach a target amount specified each year by the organisers. Teams are self-funded and no sponsorship is allowed.

Additional donations, without selling ad space, are allowed. The gathered amount of money is used for supporting orphanages.

## The rally

Złombol is an extreme rally. Teams have no support or help from the organisers. The organisers only suggest places or camping spots for a night's rest. Each team takes part at their own expense and risk.

Only cars manufactured in the former Eastern Bloc (during the communist era or after the transformation of 1989, but having roots in the former) are allowed to take part in the competition. The car should be bought for less than 1000 zł (about 320 USD), but slight alterations are allowed.

Participants drive on public roads, either travel in small groups or individually, whatever the team's preference is. For each stage starting and destination points are specified with teams free to choose the travel route between those two points.

After reaching the finish line, each team travels back to their own homes.


title: Árido Movie

abstract: Árido Movie is a 2005 Brazilian drama film written and directed by Lírio Ferreira. It premiered in the Horizons section at the 62nd edition of the Venice Film Festival. Released in Brazil in 2006, it was nominated for Best Film at the 2007 Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro.

text:
# Árido Movie

***Árido Movie*** is a 2005 Brazilian drama film written and directed by Lírio Ferreira. It premiered in the Horizons section at the 62nd edition of the Venice Film Festival. Released in Brazil in 2006, it was nominated for Best Film at the 2007 Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro.

## Plot

## Cast

1. Eugene Hernandez (July 29, 2005). "With A Record Eleven U.S. Titles, Venice Fest Sets 2005 Lineup". *IndieWire*. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
2. Silvana Arantes (September 9, 2005). "Lido assiste ao brasileiro "Árido Movie"". *Folha de S.Paulo*. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
3. "Confira os premiados pela Academia Brasileira de Cinema". *O Estado de S. Paulo*. April 23, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
4. "'Cinema, aspirinas e urubus' é o maior vencedor do Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro". *O Globo*. April 23, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Árido Movie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lírio Ferreira |
| Written by | Lírio Ferreira
Hilton Lacerda
Sérgio Oliveira
Eduardo Nunes |
| Produced by | Murilo Salles |
| Starring | Guilherme Weber
Giulia Gam |
| Cinematography | Murilo Salles |
| Edited by | Vânia Debs |
| Release date | * 2005 (2005) |
| Country | Brazil |
| Language | Portuguese |


title: Çok Güzel Hareketler 2

abstract: Çok Güzel Hareketler 2 is a Turkish comedy program directed by Yılmaz Erdoğan. It is the sequel to Çok Güzel Hareketler Bunlar. On the show, the players perform and write sketches that are graded by Erdoğan and the audience. In 2017, It was premiered in BKM Theatre and continues in Europe and Turkey. In 2019, First episode started to release in Kanal D. Since 2022, It continues to release in Star TV. Also, an education series, titled "Yılmaz Erdoğan ile Öğrence" was released in TRT 2 which a state art canal. It is about script, cinema, stage.

text:
# Çok Güzel Hareketler 2

***Çok Güzel Hareketler 2*** (in English: ***Very Beautiful Movements 2*** or ***Nice Moves 2***) is a Turkish comedy program directed by Yılmaz Erdoğan. It is the sequel to *Çok Güzel Hareketler Bunlar*.

On the show, the players perform and write sketches that are graded by Erdoğan and the audience. In 2017, It was premiered in BKM Theatre and continues in Europe and Turkey. In 2019, First episode started to release in Kanal D. Since 2022, It continues to release in Star TV.

Also, an education series, titled "Yılmaz Erdoğan ile Öğrence" was released in TRT 2 which a state art canal. It is about script, cinema, stage.

## Cast

## Series overview

The table below provides general information about the topic:

| Season | Timeslot | Season premiere | Season finale | No. of episodes | Section range | Season's years | TV Channel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. Season | Sunday 20:00 | February 10, 2019 | June 13, 2019 | 18 | 1-18 | 2019 | Kanal D |
| 2. Season | Sunday 20:00 | September 8, 2019 | June 28, 2020 | 17 | 19-52 | 2019-2020 | Kanal D |
| 3. Season | Sunday 20:00 | September 13, 2020 | June 13, 2021 | 37 | 53-89 | 2020-2021 | Kanal D |
| 4. Season | Monday 20:00 | September 13, 2021 | January 31, 2022 | 19 | 90-109 | 2021-2022 | Kanal D |


title: Île-de-France tramway Line 2

abstract: Île-de-France tramway Line 2 is part of the modern tram network of the Île-de-France region of France. It connects the commune of Bezons in the north to the Porte de Versailles Métro station in Paris in the south, serving Hauts-de-Seine and its La Défense business district. The line has been operated by the RATP Group since its opening, under the authority of Île-de-France Mobilités. Future operation of line will become subject to a competitive bidding process in November 2029. The line has a length of 17.9 km (11.1 mi) and 24 stations. The initial section between La Défense station and Issy–Val de Seine station, opened in July 1997, uses a former heavy rail line converted into light rail, whereas the further extensions on both ends opened in November 2009 and November 2012 feature segregated on-street running.

text:
# Île-de-France tramway Line 2

**Île-de-France tramway Line 2** (**T2**; French: *Ligne 2 du tramway d'Île-de-France*) is part of the modern tram network of the Île-de-France region of France. It connects the commune of Bezons in the north to the Porte de Versailles Métro station in Paris in the south, serving Hauts-de-Seine and its La Défense business district.

The line has been operated by the RATP Group since its opening, under the authority of Île-de-France Mobilités. Future operation of line will become subject to a competitive bidding process in November 2029.

The line has a length of 17.9 km (11.1 mi) and 24 stations. The initial section between La Défense station and Issy–Val de Seine station, opened in July 1997, uses a former heavy rail line converted into light rail, whereas the further extensions on both ends opened in November 2009 and November 2012 feature segregated on-street running.

## Route

### Communes served

Line 2 serves the communes of Bezons (one stop), Colombes (three stops), La Garenne-Colombes (two stops), Courbevoie (one stop), Puteaux (two stops), Suresnes (two stops), Saint-Cloud (three stops), Sèvres (one stop), Meudon (two stops), Issy-les-Moulineaux (three stops) and Paris (four stops).

### Places of interest

The line allows visitors to access the Grande Arche in La Défense, the Parc de Saint-Cloud at the eponym stop, the *Manufacture nationale de Sèvres* at Musée de Sèvres and Paris expo Porte de Versailles at its southern terminus.

## Rolling stock

Line 2 is operated by the Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP) under the authority of Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM). The line's success (115,000 people use it daily) led to its Tramway Français Standard (TFS) rolling stock to be replaced starting in 2002 by Alstom Citadis trams; the TFS rolling stock was transferred to Île-de-France tramway Line 1 to increase its capacity.

As the Citadis trams also rapidly proved insufficient in terms of size, they were doubled in length in 2005 by using a Scharfenberg coupler, raising the capacity of each tram to 440 passengers. Several stops were also therefore doubled in length. With the extension to Porte de Versailles and the line crossing several intersections, the RATP had each tram's front and rear coupler covered, so that in the event of a collision with a pedestrian, the damage sustained by the person would be less severe.

48°50′35″N 2°13′19″E / 48.8431°N 2.2219°E / 48.8431; 2.2219

## InfoBox

| Île-de-France tramway Line 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Île-de-France tramway Line 2 at the Porte de Versailles terminus | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | Île-de-France Mobilités |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 24 |
| Service | |
| Type | Tram |
| System | Tramways in Île-de-France |
| Operator(s) | RATP Group |
| Rolling stock | 66 Alstom Citadis |
| Ridership | Approx. 20 million journeys per year |
| History | |
| Opened | 2 July 1997 (1997-07-02) |
| Last extension | 19 November 2012 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 17.9 km (11.1 mi) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Route map | |


title: Émile Dubonnet

abstract: Émile Dubonnet was a French balloonist active from 1908 to 1913. He participated in the 1908, 1909, and 1911 Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning and was a member of the Aéro-Club de France. He won the La Grande Medaille de Aéro-Club de France in 1912. He holds a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale record from 1912-1913.

text:
# Émile Dubonnet

**Émile Dubonnet** (18 October 1883 - 4 October 1950) was a French balloonist active from 1908 to 1913. He participated in the 1908, 1909, and 1911 Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning and was a member of the Aéro-Club de France. He won the La Grande Medaille de Aéro-Club de France in 1912. He holds a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale record from 1912-1913.

## Biography

He was born on 18 October 1883 in Paris to a winemaker. In 1910 he flew over Paris in his Tellier brothers aircraft. He started from the Juvisy-sur-Orge field and made a landing at Bois de Boulogne

He also helped form the first professional baseball league in France, the French Baseball Union, in 1912.

## InfoBox

| Émile Dubonnet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1883-10-18)18 October 1883
Paris, France |
| Died | 4 October 1950(1950-10-04) (aged 66)
Montrieux-en-Sologne, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Balloonist |


title: Åke Lassas

abstract: Åke Erik Lassas was a Swedish ice hockey player. He competed at the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics and finished in third and fourth place, respectively. He played club hockey for Leksands IF and won the inaugural Guldpucken award in 1956 given to the best player in the Swedish league. He also competed in bandy and association football at the national level.

text:
# Åke Lassas

**Åke Erik Lassas** (21 August 1924 – 16 April 2009) was a Swedish ice hockey player. He competed at the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics and finished in third and fourth place, respectively. He played club hockey for Leksands IF and won the inaugural Guldpucken award in 1956 given to the best player in the Swedish league. He also competed in bandy and association football at the national level.

## InfoBox

Åke Lassas
| Åke Lassas in the 1950s | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 21 August 1924
Leksand, Sweden |
| Died | 16 April 2009 (aged 84)
Leksand, Sweden |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| Club | Leksands IF (1948–63) |
| Medal record      Representing  Sweden  Olympic Games  1952 Oslo  Team  World Championships  Paris 1951 Team  Stockholm 1954 Team | |


title: Étapisme

abstract: Étapisme is the term for a strategy for independence dominant in the Parti Québécois since 1974. It is associated with the figure of Claude Morin, who convinced Parti Québécois leader René Lévesque and eventually a majority of party delegates to adopt its principles. Proponents of the strategy are called étapistes. It advocates a step-by-step approach to achieving independence. Before 1974, the Parti Québécois programme stipulated that independence would be declared upon electing a majority of Parti Québécois Members of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNAs), under Quebec's first-past-the-post electoral system and its British parliamentary system. Under étapisme, the Parti Québécois would promise a good government first and propose a referendum on independence second. At the first referendum of 1980, étapisme was also implemented in the referendum process, since the question asked for a mandate to negotiate sovereignty-association with Canada with the commitment to hold a second referendum to ratify the resulting agreement. From time to time, this approach has been challenged by hardliners. Two of the most famous challenges to étapisme were at the 1981 National Congress, colloquially known as the Renérendum, and with the so-called Parizeau-Laplante Proposition of the 2000s. Jacques Parizeau was opposed to this strategy and ratification in a second referendum would not be proposed again in the referendum of 1995.

text:
# Étapisme

**Étapisme** (French for *gradualism*) is the term for a strategy for independence dominant in the Parti Québécois since 1974. It is associated with the figure of Claude Morin, who convinced Parti Québécois leader René Lévesque and eventually a majority of party delegates to adopt its principles. Proponents of the strategy are called *étapistes*.

It advocates a step-by-step approach to achieving independence. Before 1974, the Parti Québécois programme stipulated that independence would be declared upon electing a majority of Parti Québécois Members of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNAs), under Quebec's first-past-the-post electoral system and its British parliamentary system. Under *étapisme*, the Parti Québécois would promise a good government first and propose a referendum on independence second.

At the first referendum of 1980, *étapisme* was also implemented in the referendum process, since the question asked for a mandate to negotiate sovereignty-association with Canada with the commitment to hold a second referendum to ratify the resulting agreement.

From time to time, this approach has been challenged by hardliners. Two of the most famous challenges to *étapisme* were at the 1981 National Congress, colloquially known as the *Renérendum* (because René Lévesque put his leadership in question in an internal vote on the question), and with the so-called Parizeau-Laplante Proposition of the 2000s. Jacques Parizeau was opposed to this strategy and ratification in a second referendum would not be proposed again in the referendum of 1995.


title: Étangs de Vaux et de Baye

abstract: Étangs de Vaux et de Baye is a group of lakes in Nièvre, Burgundy, France. At an elevation of 235 m, their surface area is 2.2 km⁲.

text:
# Étangs de Vaux et de Baye

**Étangs de Vaux et de Baye** is a group of lakes in Nièvre, Burgundy, France. At an elevation of 235 m, their surface area is 2.2 km2.

## InfoBox

| Étangs de Vaux et de Baye | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Étangs de Vaux et de Baye | |
| Location | Nièvre, Bourgogne |
| Coordinates | 47°10′51.05″N 3°36′46.03″E / 47.1808472°N 3.6127861°E / 47.1808472; 3.6127861 |
| Type | artificial |
| Primary outflows | Ruisseau de Venin |
| Basin countries | France |
|  | |
| Max. length | 4 km (2.5 mi) |
| Max. width | 0.7 km (0.43 mi) |
| Surface area | 2.2 km2 (0.85 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
| Max. depth | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Water volume | 6,630,000 m3 (234,000,000 cu ft) |
| Surface elevation | 235 m (771 ft) |
|  | |
| Sections/sub-basins | étang de Vaux, étang de Baye, étang de Perchette |


title: Øyangen (Gran)

abstract: Øyangen is a lake on the border of the municipalities of Gran in Innlandet county and Hurdal in Akershus county in Norway. The 4.03-square-kilometre (1.56 sq mi) lake lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the village of Jaren and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the west of the larger lake Hurdalsjøen.

text:
# Øyangen (Gran)

**Øyangen** is a lake on the border of the municipalities of Gran in Innlandet county and Hurdal in Akershus county in Norway. The 4.03-square-kilometre (1.56 sq mi) lake lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the village of Jaren and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the west of the larger lake Hurdalsjøen.

## InfoBox

| Øyangen | |
| --- | --- |
| ØyangenLocation of the lakeØyangenØyangen (Akershus)ØyangenØyangen (Norway) | |
| Location | Gran (Innlandet); Hurdal (Akershus) |
| Coordinates | 60°22′13″N 10°53′54″E / 60.37028°N 10.89833°E / 60.37028; 10.89833 |
| Basin countries | Norway |
|  | |
| Max. length | 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) |
| Max. width | 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) |
| Surface area | 4.03 km2 (1.56 sq mi) |
| Shore length1 | 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 442 metres (1,450 ft) |
|  | |
| References | NVE |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Øyvind Holen

abstract: Øyvind Holen is a Norwegian journalist, comics creator and non-fiction writer.

text:
# Øyvind Holen

**Øyvind Holen** (born 4 January 1973) is a Norwegian journalist, comics creator and non-fiction writer.

## Personal life

Holen hails from Lindeberg, a district in Groruddalen, Oslo. He was born on 4 January 1973, and is married to Marta Breen.

## Career

A journalist, Holen has worked for or contributed to a number of newspapers, including *Aftenposten*, *Dagsavisen*, *VG*, *Klassekampen*, *Bergens Tidende*, *Morgenbladet*, *Osloposten*, *Ny Tid*, and *Dagens Næringsliv*.

He made his book debut in 2004 with the hiphop documentary *Hiphop-hoder: Fra Beat Street til bygde-rap*. His next books were *Groruddalen: En reiseskildring* (2005), *Hiphop: Graffiti, rap, breaking, dj-ing* (2009), and *Faktaløve: Hiphop* (2010). He was awarded the Sproing Award in 2012 for the comics album *Drabant*, shared with illustrator Mikael Noguchi. Further books are *Donald-landet* (2012), *Jævla bra byline* (2014), *Tegneserienes historie* (2015), *Getto* (2021), and *B.O.L.T Warhead. The Re Enforcement* from 2022 (about an album by the Norwegian rap group B.O.L.T. Warhead).

## InfoBox

| Øyvind Holen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1973-01-04) 4 January 1973<br>Oslo, Norway |
| Spouse | Marta Breen |
| Awards | Sproing Award (2012) |


title: Đồng Xoài

abstract:
Đồng Xoài is the capital city of Bình Phước Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. The city was the site of the 1965 Battle of Đồng Xoài during the Vietnam War. As of 2018, the district had a population of 150,052, and a total area of 169.05 km². The district capital lies at Đồng Xoài.
Đồng Xoài is located on an elevation of 88.63 m above the sea level, 101 km north from Ho Chi Minh City, 90 km from the Hoa Lư border crossing. Đồng Xoài is connected through national highway 14.

text:
# Đồng Xoài

**Đồng Xoài** () is the capital city of Bình Phước Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. The city was the site of the 1965 Battle of Đồng Xoài during the Vietnam War. As of 2018, the district had a population of 150,052, and a total area of 169.05 km². The district capital lies at Đồng Xoài. Đồng Xoài is located on an elevation of 88.63 m above the sea level, 101 km north from Ho Chi Minh City, 90 km from the Hoa Lư border crossing. Đồng Xoài is connected through national highway 14.

## Administrative division

Đồng Xoài consists of 6 wards *(phường)* and 2 communes *(xã)*:

* **Wards:** Tân Bình, Tân Đồng, Tân Phú, Tân Thiện, Tân Xuân, Tiến Thành
* **Communes:** Tân Thành, Tiến Hưng.

## Climate

| Climate data for Đồng Xoài (Đồng Phú) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.7
(99.9) | 38.2
(100.8) | 40.6
(105.1) | 40.2
(104.4) | 40.0
(104.0) | 36.5
(97.7) | 35.5
(95.9) | 35.1
(95.2) | 35.5
(95.9) | 35.7
(96.3) | 35.0
(95.0) | 36.2
(97.2) | 40.6
(105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.9
(91.2) | 34.4
(93.9) | 35.5
(95.9) | 35.6
(96.1) | 34.2
(93.6) | 32.5
(90.5) | 31.9
(89.4) | 31.7
(89.1) | 31.6
(88.9) | 31.8
(89.2) | 32.1
(89.8) | 31.9
(89.4) | 33.0
(91.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.3
(77.5) | 26.4
(79.5) | 27.8
(82.0) | 28.4
(83.1) | 28.0
(82.4) | 27.0
(80.6) | 26.5
(79.7) | 26.4
(79.5) | 26.2
(79.2) | 26.1
(79.0) | 25.7
(78.3) | 25.1
(77.2) | 26.6
(79.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.8
(67.6) | 20.5
(68.9) | 22.3
(72.1) | 23.9
(75.0) | 24.3
(75.7) | 23.9
(75.0) | 23.5
(74.3) | 23.5
(74.3) | 23.3
(73.9) | 22.9
(73.2) | 21.8
(71.2) | 20.3
(68.5) | 22.5
(72.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 11.9
(53.4) | 15.1
(59.2) | 16.8
(62.2) | 19.2
(66.6) | 20.9
(69.6) | 21.3
(70.3) | 20.9
(69.6) | 20.6
(69.1) | 20.7
(69.3) | 17.8
(64.0) | 15.2
(59.4) | 14.3
(57.7) | 11.9
(53.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 9.9
(0.39) | 15.8
(0.62) | 48.2
(1.90) | 150.5
(5.93) | 260.2
(10.24) | 327.0
(12.87) | 348.7
(13.73) | 374.5
(14.74) | 430.3
(16.94) | 362.1
(14.26) | 156.7
(6.17) | 46.1
(1.81) | 2,538.7
(99.95) |
| Average rainy days | 1.8 | 1.9 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 18.6 | 21.8 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 24.8 | 22.5 | 12.7 | 4.9 | 171.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71.0 | 69.1 | 68.9 | 74.4 | 80.3 | 84.4 | 86.1 | 87.1 | 87.6 | 86.2 | 81.4 | 74.8 | 79.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 253.4 | 243.6 | 260.0 | 245.1 | 230.8 | 185.3 | 179.3 | 167.2 | 157.7 | 191.4 | 211.9 | 225.9 | 2,552 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Đồng Xoài Thành phố Đồng Xoài | |
| --- | --- |
| City (Class-3|Class-2/2025) | |
| Đồng Xoài City | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Đồng Xoài | |
| Coordinates (region:VN\_type:city): 11°31′1″N 106°50′21″E / 11.51694°N 106.83917°E / 11.51694; 106.83917 | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Province | Bình Phước Province |
| Area | |
| Total | 169.05 km2 (65.27 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 150,052 |
| Density | 887/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indochina Time) |
| Climate | Am |
| Website | dongxoai.binhphuoc.gov.vn |


title: Æthelwold's Revolt

abstract: Æthelwold's Revolt was an attempt by Æthelwold ætheling to seize the Anglo-Saxon throne from Edward the Elder after the death of Alfred the Great in 899. It ended when Æthelwold was killed in battle in 902 while fighting alongside his Danish allies.

text:
# Æthelwold's Revolt

**Æthelwold's Revolt** was an attempt by Æthelwold ætheling to seize the Anglo-Saxon throne from Edward the Elder after the death of Alfred the Great in 899. It ended when Æthelwold was killed in battle in 902 while fighting alongside his Danish allies.

## Background

After Alfred the Great died on 26 October 899, his son, Edward, hoped to succeed him. Edward's cousin Æthelwold was the only surviving son of Alfred's older brother Æthelred I, King of Wessex. His competing claim to the throne was that he had been too young to inherit it when Æthelred died, leading to Alfred becoming king.

## Southern revolt

Æthelwold's first move was to take his small force and seize Wimborne, in Dorset, the burial place of Æthelred, his father. He then took control of the crown lands at Christchurch and returned to Wimborne to await Edward's response. Edward assembled an army and moved to Badbury, but Æthelwold refused to meet him in battle. He instead stayed at Wimborne together with his men and a kidnapped nun, seemingly preparing for a long stand-off, although it appears he had the resources for a frontal assault and was preparing to attack when he rode north during the night.

## Viking support

Æthelwold arrived in the north soon after he fled from the confrontation at Wimborne. He appealed for support from the Danish Vikings of Northumbria and they pledged their allegiance. Coins were minted during the period showing that Æthelwold had been proclaimed king in Jórvík (Viking ruled York). Meanwhile, Edward was crowned at Kingston upon Thames on 8 June 900.

In the autumn of 901, Æthelwold sailed with a fleet from his new allies into Essex. By 902 he and the East Anglian Danes were attacking deep into Mercia, one of Edward's most important allies, as far as Cricklade, in Wiltshire.

## The Battle of the Holme

Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and when he retreated the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, meeting the Danes in the East Midlands, at the Battle of the Holme on 13 December 902. The Danes defeated Edward's troops, but as a result of the battle both Æthelwold and Eohric, the Danish king of East Anglia, were killed. There were many losses on the Anglo-Saxon side, including the two Kentish ealdormen, Sigehelm and Sigewulf.

## Aftermath

In the view of Cyril Hart, King Edward made a strategic error in failing to engage the Danes with his whole army, leading to recriminations which threatened his authority, especially in Kent, and this may explain his later marriage to Ealdorman Sigehelm's daughter, Eadgifu.

## InfoBox

| Æthelwold's Revolt | |
| --- | --- |
|
The British Isles in the early tenth century | |
| Date 899–902  Location England  Result  Victory for Edward the Elder | |
| Belligerents | |
| Followers of Æthelwold ætheling
**Supported by:**
Danes of Northumbria
Kingdom of East Anglia | Followers of Edward the Elder: |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Æthelwold ætheling
Eohric of East Anglia | Edward the Elder |