title: James Ruse

abstract: James Ruse was a Cornish farmer who, at age 23, was convicted of burglary and was sentenced to seven years' transportation. He arrived at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, on the First Fleet with 18 months of his sentence remaining. Ruse applied to Colony Governor Arthur Phillip for a land grant, stating that he had been bred for farming. Governor Phillip, desperate to make the colony self-sufficient, allocated Ruse an allotment at Rose Hill, where he proved himself industrious and showed that it was possible for a family to survive in New South Wales through farming. Ruse received a land grant, from which he grew and sold 600 bushels of corn 30 acres (120,000 m⁲). Ruse was the recipient of the first land grant in New South Wales. Ruse would later exchange the Rose Hill grant for more fertile land on the Hawkesbury River later in his life, after almost losing his farm and thus going bankrupt because of flooding, Ruse found work as a seaman, and later, a farm overseer.

text:
# James Ruse

**James Ruse** (9 August1759  5 September 1837) was a Cornish farmer who, at age 23, was convicted of burglary and was sentenced to seven years' transportation. He arrived at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, on the First Fleet with 18 months of his sentence remaining. Ruse applied to Colony Governor Arthur Phillip for a land grant, stating that he had been bred for farming. Governor Phillip, desperate to make the colony self-sufficient, allocated Ruse an allotment at Rose Hill (now Rosehill, near Parramatta), where he proved himself industrious and showed that it was possible for a family to survive in New South Wales through farming. Ruse received a land grant, from which he grew and sold 600 bushels of corn 30 acres (120,000 m2). Ruse was the recipient of the first land grant in New South Wales. Ruse would later exchange the Rose Hill grant for more fertile land on the Hawkesbury River later in his life, after almost losing his farm and thus going bankrupt because of flooding, Ruse found work as a seaman, and later, a farm overseer.

## Early life

James Ruse was born at Lawhitton, Cornwall, England on 9 August 1759. In 1782, he was tried at the Bodmin Assizes and sentenced to death for "seriously breaking and entering the dwelling house of Thomas Olive and stealing thereout 2 silver watches and other goods". He was reprieved and sentenced to transportation for seven years. He was sent on the *Scarborough*, one of the First Fleet, and arrived in Australia on 22 January 1788.

## Pioneering farmer

In 1789, Ruse produced the first successful corn harvest in New South Wales. That harvest failed to yield sufficient corn to make flour for the colony, but Ruse produced enough seeds for the next year's crop, which was successful. Such was the colony's need for a food supply that Governor Phillip rewarded Ruse for his success with the first land grant made in New South Wales, along with a gift of pigs and chickens. In February 1791, Ruse declared to the authorities that he was self-sufficient, and two months later, in March, he was granted a further 30 acres. Ruse expected to reap about eight bushels (290 litres) to the acre. After Ruse's sentence expired in 1792, the title of his land was deeded to him, the first land grant in the colony. In 1793, he sold his land to Dr. John Harris of the New South Wales Corps for 40 pounds. The property is now the Experiment Farm Cottage Museum of the National Trust of Australia.

In 1794, Ruse moved further out, to the junction of the Hawkesbury River with South Creek, where he operated a less successful farm. Later, his source of income was wiped out by flooding, which was always a risk involved with farming in the Hawkesbury. Ruse seems to have been away from his family for some time and it has been assumed that he went to sea at the same time that he had his son James the younger indentured to Kable and Underwood. This left his wife, Elizabeth to take care of the family on her own. During this period, she had two children with convict James Kiss. These children were Ann Ruse Kiss (b. 1801) and William James Ruse Kiss (1806−1853). James Ruse was heavily in debt and it is suggested that the hard work of his wife Elizabeth saved him from bankruptcy. Elizabeth is shown in the records as supplying crops to the stores in her own right.

From 1828, James was employed as an overseer of Denham Court. In 1836, James Ruse and James Kiss were received into the Catholic church together. Ruse died at Campbelltown on 5 September 1837 and is buried with wife Elizabeth and daughter Mary.

Ruse's gravestone, parts of which he carved himself, reads:

> "Gloria in Axcelsis
>
> SACRED TO THE MEMEREY OF JAMES RUSE WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE SEPT. 5TH IN THE YEAR OF HOURE LORD 1837 NATEF OF CORNWELL AND ARIVED IN THIS COLENEY BY THE FIRST FLEET AGED 78
>
> MY MOTHER REREAD ME TENDERELY WITH ME SHE TOCK MUCH PAINES AND WHEN I ARIVED IN THIS COELNEY I SOWD THE FORST GRAIN AND NOW WITH MY HEVENLY FATHER I HOPE
>
> FOR EVER TO REMAIN"

## Family life

James Ruse married Susannah Norcott in Cornwall, England in 1779. They had one daughter, Elizabeth (1779−1779) and one son, Richard (1780−1842).

After being transported for his crime and creating a new life in New South Wales, Ruse married fellow convict Elizabeth Parry (1769 – 27 May 1836) on 5 September 1790. They had five children together – Rebecah (1791−1792), James (1793−1866), Elizabeth (1794−1875), Susannah (1796 – 1872), and Mary (1798−1871).

Although the family history of James Ruse is well-documented, historical records never identified the parents of Ann Ruse Kiss (b. 1801) and William James Ruse Kiss (1806−1853), who were believed to have been adopted by the Ruse family. In 2019, genetic testing of their descendants indicated that they were in fact the children of Elizabeth Ruse and James Kiss. It is unknown whether James Ruse was aware of Kiss' involvement with Elizabeth.

## Legacy

The memory of James Ruse is perpetuated in the naming of key locations in Sydney, including James Ruse Agricultural High School in Carlingford; James Ruse Drive, running from Granville to Northmead, near Parramatta; and Ruse, a suburb in southwest Sydney.

A replica of his tombstone stands in the front garden of Barrengarry House, the administration block at James Ruse Agricultural High School. The original headstone, carved by Ruse himself, was moved by his descendants to a secure location after vandals damaged some headstones in the Old St Johns cemetery at Campbelltown. The headstone is now in the care of the Campbelltown and Airds Historical Society at Glenalvon House in Lithgow Street, Campbelltown.

In 1980, the noted Cornish folk singer Brenda Wootton wrote and recorded the song "James Ruse" which uses as a chorus the last four lines of the headstone's inscription.

## InfoBox

| James Ruse | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1759-08-09)9 August 1759
Lawhitton, England, United Kingdom |
| Died | 5 September 1837(1837-09-05) (aged 78)
Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia |
| Nationality | Cornish, English |
| Education | = Farmer |
| Years active | 1789−1836 |
| Spouse(s) | Susannah Norcott, Elizabeth Perry |
| Children | Elizabeth (1779−1779), Richard (1780−1840), Rebecca (1791−1792), James (1793−1866), Elizabeth (1794−1875), Susannah (1796−1872), Mary (1798−1871). |
| Parent(s) | Richard Ruse, Elizabeth Curne |


title: Emery Unified School District

abstract: Emery Unified School District is a small public school district in Emeryville, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area.

text:
# Emery Unified School District

**Emery Unified School District** is a small public school district in Emeryville, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area.

## Campuses

The district currently operates two schools, Anna Yates Elementary school and Emery Secondary School. Previously the schools had separate campuses, but they are now closed. The schools moved to a shared campus in August 2016 at the newly constructed state-of-the-art facility called Emeryville Center for Community Life. Also sharing the ECCL site are the Emery Unified School District Office, a community health center, and city of Emeryville community and recreation spaces.

As of 2017 the East Bay campus of the German International School of Silicon Valley occupies the ex-Anna Yates School. This campus will close after spring 2018 and reorganize into a separate school, called the East Bay German International School.

## Programs

The Oakland Raiders annually visit a fourth grade class to encourage the students to work smarter, not harder.

## Demographics

Over 50% of females and about 50% of males in grades 2-6 were rated "proficient" and above on CST STAR testing for the 2010–2011 school year in mathematics. Over 40% of females and over 35% of males were proficient or above in English-Language Arts.

For grades 7–11 in the 2010–2011 school year, over 30% of females and 25% of males were proficient or above in English-Language Arts.

The student body is 70% American Niiji, 14% Hispanic American, 11% Asian American, and 5% Caucasian and Pacific Islanders. 4.8% live in poverty and 4% are English learners.

## InfoBox

| Emery Unified School District | |
| --- | --- |
| District office | |
| Address | |
| 4727 San Pablo Avenue Emeryville, California, 94608<br>United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | K–12 |
| NCES District ID | 0612630 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 698 |
| Teachers | 37.0 |
| Staff | 33.0 |
| Student–teacher ratio | 18.86 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.emeryusd.k12.ca.us |


title: Hadley Furniture Company Building

abstract: The Hadley Furniture Company Building is a historic retail building at 651-659 Main Street in downtown Worcester, Massachusetts. The five story brick building was built in 1923–24 to a design by the local architectural firm of Cutting, Carleton & Cutting. The Hadley Furniture Company, founded in 1914, sought to expand from earlier premises closer to City Hall, and commissioned its construction. As a representative of a significant specialty retail presence in the city, and for its architectural styling, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

text:
# Hadley Furniture Company Building

The **Hadley Furniture Company Building** is a historic retail building at 651-659 Main Street in downtown Worcester, Massachusetts. The five story brick building was built in 1923–24 to a design by the local architectural firm of Cutting, Carleton & Cutting. The Hadley Furniture Company, founded in 1914, sought to expand from earlier premises closer to City Hall, and commissioned its construction. As a representative of a significant specialty retail presence in the city, and for its architectural styling, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hadley Furniture Company Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 651-659 Main St., Worcester, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°15′34″N 71°48′19″W / 42.25944°N 71.80528°W / 42.25944; -71.80528 |
| Built | 1923-24 |
| Architect | Cutting, Carleton & Cutting |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 11000068 |
| Added to NRHP | March 1, 2011 |


title: The Homesick

abstract: The Homesick are a Dutch post-punk band from Dokkum, in the north of the Netherlands. The band is composed of drummer Erik Woudwijk, bassist Jaap van der Velde and guitarist Elias Elgersma. They have released the albums Youth Hunt, The Big Exercise and The Homesick.

text:
# The Homesick

**The Homesick** are a Dutch post-punk band from Dokkum, in the north of the Netherlands. The band is composed of drummer Erik Woudwijk, bassist Jaap van der Velde and guitarist Elias Elgersma.

They have released the albums *Youth Hunt* (Subroutine, 2017), *The Big Exercise* (Sub Pop, 2020) and *The Homesick* (self-released, 2023).

## InfoBox

| The Homesick | |
| --- | --- |
| The Homesick at the Eurosonic (2018). | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Dokkum, Netherlands |
| Genres | Alternative rock, post-punk revival |
| Years active | 2012 (2012)-present |
| Labels | Sub Pop, Subroutine |
|  | |
| Members | Jaap van der Velde
Elias Elgersma
Erik Woudwijk |


title: Ferdinand Sauerbruch

abstract: Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch was a German surgeon. His major work was on the use of negative-pressure chambers for surgery.

text:
# Ferdinand Sauerbruch

**Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch** (German: \[ˈzaʊ.ɐˌbʁʊx\]; 3 July 1875  2 July 1951) was a German surgeon. His major work was on the use of negative-pressure chambers for surgery.

## Biography

Sauerbruch was born in Barmen (now a district of Wuppertal), Germany. He studied medicine at the Philipps University of Marburg, the University of Greifswald, the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, and the University of Leipzig, from the last of which he graduated in 1902. He went to Breslau in 1903, where he developed the Sauerbruch chamber, a pressure chamber for operating on the open thorax, which he demonstrated in 1904. This invention was a breakthrough in thorax medicine and allowed heart and lung operations to take place at greatly reduced risk. As a battlefield surgeon during World War I, he developed several new types of limb prostheses, which for the first time enabled simple movements to be executed with the remaining muscle of the patient.

Sauerbruch worked at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from 1918 to 1927 on surgical techniques and diets for treating tuberculosis. From 1928 to 1949, he was the head of the surgical department at the Charité in Berlin, attaining international fame for his innovative operations. Because of his experience and extraordinary skills, he quickly attained an international reputation and operated on many prominent patients. At the same time, he was well known for his uncompromising and passionate dedication to all patients independent of their social, political or ethnic backgrounds.

Before World War II, the German Government awarded Sauerbruch the German National Prize for Art and Science. Sauerbruch's position towards the Nazi government is still the subject of debate. In his position, he was clearly in contact with the political elite but he was never a member of the NSDAP. However, he did support the political objectives of the NSDAP and encouraged other scientists to join it. In 1935, Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring appointed him to the Prussian State Council, and he remained a member through the end of the Nazi regime. He was a fervent nationalist who wanted to undo the "humiliation of Versailles" and was keen to show off his country as an advanced and sophisticated society. While he had accepted the *German Nationalpreis*, a short-lived German alternative to the Nobel Prize, it is said he also publicly spoke out for people who were persecuted (e.g. the Impressionist painter Max Liebermann). He was part of the so-called *Mittwochsgesellschaft* (de) (Wednesday Society), a group of scientists that included critical voices; and after July 20, 1944 he was arrested and interrogated by the Gestapo because his son Peter had ties to Claus von Stauffenberg.

In 1937, he became a member of the newly established Reich Research Council that supported "research projects" of the SS, including experiments on prisoners in the concentration camps. As head of the General Medicine Branch of the RRC, it was alleged that he personally approved the funds which financed August Hirt's experiments with mustard gas on prisoners at Natzweiler concentration camp from 1941 until 1944. However, he was one of the few university professors who publicly spoke out against the NS-Euthanasia program T4. In 1942, he became Surgeon General to the army. In mid-September 1943, Sauerbruch was awarded the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross with Swords. On 12 October 1945, he was charged by the Allies for having contributed to the Nazi dictatorship, but acquitted for lack of evidence.

Sauerbruch continued hospital surgery throughout the whole war; his operating theatre was taken by the Red Army in 1945. Late in life, he developed dementia and was dismissed from the Charité because he continued to perform surgeries on patients, some with uncertain results. His colleagues detected the errors but were unable to stop him because of his fame and power.

Sauerbruch died in Berlin at the age of seventy-five. He is buried at Wannsee. A high school in Grossröhrsdorf in Saxony in modern Germany bears his name.

**Portrayals in Media**

Sauerbruch's life was portrayed in the German 1954 film *Sauerbruch – Das war mein Leben*, which is based on his memoirs *Das war mein Leben* (This Was My Life), although the validity of these memoirs (written by the journalist Hans Rudolf Berndorff) is contested by Sauerbruch's disciple Rudolf Nissen.

The second series of the German series *Charité at War (TV series)* depicts the workings of the Charité under Sauerbruch's leadership during World War II and the impact of the contemporary political climate on the hospital staff.

## Children

His eldest son Hans Sauerbruch (1910–1996) became a painter; he lived in Berlin, Rome and after the war in Konstanz where his son, the architect Matthias Sauerbruch, was born.

Sauerbruch's second son, Friedrich Sauerbruch (born 1911), was a surgeon as well. He assisted his father and was actually responsible for the termination of his father's activities at the Charité (which had become too risky due to his illness). He lived in Berlin and later in Moers.

The third son Peter Sauerbruch (5 June 1913 – 29 September 2010) was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 4 January 1943 as a Hauptmann in the general staff of the 14th Panzer Division and leader of a Kampfgruppe "Sauerbruch". He lived in Hamburg and Munich.

## Bibliography

* Ferdinand Sauerbruch: Das war mein Leben, Autobiography, 639 pages, Kindler u. Schiermeyer 1951
* Dewey, Marc; Schagen, Udo; Eckart, Wolfgang U.; Schönenberger, Eva (2006). "Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch and His Ambiguous Role in the Period of National Socialism". *Annals of Surgery*. **244** (2): 315–321. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000218191.68016.cf. PMC 1602148. PMID 16858197.
* Friedolf Kudlien und Christian Andree: Sauerbruch und der Nationalsozialismus. Medizinhistorisches Journal, Band 15, 1980
* Rudolf Nissen, Helle Blätter, dunkle Blätter, Erinnerungen eines Chirurgen, Page 142 ff.
* Rolf Winau, Die Berliner Charité als Zentrum der Chirurgie: Ferdinand Sauerbruchs Lebensleistung und sein Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus aus Meilensteine der Medizin, Hrsg Heinz Schott, 1996

## InfoBox

| Ferdinand Sauerbruch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch
(1875-07-03)3 July 1875
Barmen, German Empire |
| Died | 2 July 1951(1951-07-02) (aged 75)
Berlin, East Germany |
| Known for | Sauerbruch chamber |
| Awards | German National Prize for Art and Science 1937 |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Marginella gloriosa

abstract: Marginella gloriosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella gloriosa

***Marginella gloriosa*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Western Africa.

* Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp

## InfoBox

| *Marginella gloriosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apertural (right) and abapertural (left) views of a shell of *M. gloriosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Subfamily: | Marginellinae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. gloriosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella gloriosa***<br>Jousseaume, 1884 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Marginella (Afriamarginella) gloriosa* Jousseaume, 1884· accepted, alternate representation | |


title: Maria Ansorge

abstract: Maria Ansorge was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and former member of the German Bundestag.

text:
# Maria Ansorge

**Maria Ansorge** (15 December 1880  11 July 1955) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

She was a member of the First Federal Assembly and was a member of the German Bundestag from 17 November 1951, when she succeeded her late party colleague Karl Brunner, until 1953.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). *Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002* \[*Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002*\] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.

## InfoBox

| Maria Ansorge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Bundestag | |
| **In office**
17 November 1951  7 September 1953 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1880-12-15)15 December 1880
Löchau |
| Died | 11 July 1955(1955-07-11) (aged 74)
Dorsten, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | SPD |
|  | |


title: Fern, Wisconsin

abstract: Fern is a town in Florence County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 153 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Fern, Wisconsin

**Fern** is a town in Florence County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 153 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.2 square miles (91.1 km2), of which, 34.0 square miles (88.1 km2) of it is land and 1.2 square miles (3.0 km2) of it (3.33%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 153 people, 71 households, and 47 families residing in the town. The population density was 4.5 inhabitants per square mile (1.7/km2). There were 334 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.04% White, and 1.96% from two or more races.

There were 71 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 2.0% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 35.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,708, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,746. About 11.6% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 14.8% of those 65 or over.

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

45°50′10″N 88°23′09″W / 45.83611°N 88.38583°W / 45.83611; -88.38583

## InfoBox

| Fern, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Fern School in Fern | |
| Fern, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 45°51′42″N 88°20′56″W / 45.86167°N 88.34889°W / 45.86167; -88.34889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Florence |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.2 sq mi (91.1 km2) |
| Land | 34.0 sq mi (88.0 km2) |
| Water | 1.2 sq mi (3.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,319 ft (402 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 153 |
| Density | 4.5/sq mi (1.7/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 715 & 534 |
| FIPS code | 55-25675 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1583200 |


title: Marginella roseolineata

abstract: Marginella roseolineata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella roseolineata

***Marginella roseolineata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Marginella roseolineata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. roseolineata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella roseolineata***<br>Turton, 1932 | |
|


title: Ferdinand van Kessel

abstract: Ferdinand van Kessel, was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his landscapes, still lifes and genre pieces with monkeys.

text:
# Ferdinand van Kessel

**Ferdinand van Kessel** (1648  1696), was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his landscapes, still lifes and genre pieces with monkeys.

## Life

He was born in Antwerp as the son of Jan van Kessel the Elder, who was the grandson of Jan Brueghel the Elder. He trained with his father from 1663. He moved to Breda where he was the teacher of Jacob Campo Weyerman and Louis de Moni.

He died in Breda.

## Work

According to Weyerman, Ferdinand's father was well known in his own day and only tipped his hat to Jan Brueghel the Elder, who was the "Phoenix of landscape paintings with animals and birds". Though Ferdinand never achieved the level of his father, he was true to the van Kessel-Brueghel family name, and after Jan Brueghel the Younger died he was the only painter in Antwerp who carried on the family tradition. He was discovered by Mr. Molo, a representative of the Polish king John III Sobieski who sent a few of his cabinet pieces to Poland. When these were well received, he invited van Kessel to come to Breda to make enough paintings to decorate a whole room in the Wilanów Palace. Van Kessel subsequently moved to Breda to fulfill this commission according to the taste of the Polish King. He began by painting scenes of the four elements on a sheet of copper three by four and a half feet wide. The four elements were each represented by cherubs, and the first painting was of a boy seated on an eagle representing *Air*, surrounded by birds. *Earth* was a boy resting his arm on the back of a lion, surrounded by herbs, fruits and flowers. *Fire* was a boy surveying implements of war, with gold and silver inlaid harness, drums, embroidered silk banners and spears with damask coverlets, with a small monkey smoking a pipe and drinking a glass of rossoly (rosée du soleil). *Water* was a boy leaning on a crock symbolizing God's water source at the edge of a river surrounded with sea and river fish in the water, and pearls, corals and shells on shore. The whole was framed in ebony with a gold edging and surrounded by fourteen or fifteen symbols of the elements.

This work was so well received that van Kessel was invited to make another series of the four continents for the King of Poland. Van Kessel continued to make paintings for him from his home in Breda and refused an invitation to work at the Polish court. When a fire damaged his paintings in Poland, he quickly offered to repaint the lost pieces from sketches he had made. He continued to fulfill commissions from Poland himself and subcontracted some of the work to other Antwerp painters (Historical allegories: Frans Ykens, Maas, Caspar Jacob van Opstal, Charles Emmanuel Biset; Landscapes: Pieter Spierinckx, Rysbregts, Peter van de Velde, Abraham Genoels; Flowers: Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen, Jan Baptist Bosschaert, Simon Hardimé, and Jan Pauwel Gillemans the Younger). This lasted until the death of the King in 1696, when his patron Mr. Molo refused to pay for commissions already commenced but not completed.

Van Kessel also made a ceiling painting for the palace of William III of Orange in Breda.


title: February 2008 California elections

abstract: The California state elections, February 2008 were held on February 5, 2008, throughout California. Presidential primaries and a special election for a State Assembly seat were among the contests held. Seven ballot propositions were also decided on.

text:
# February 2008 California elections

The **California state elections, February 2008** were held on February 5, 2008, throughout California. Presidential primaries and a special election for a State Assembly seat were among the contests held. Seven ballot propositions were also decided on.

## Presidential primaries

| **Key:** | Withdrew prior to contest |
| --- | --- |

### American Independent presidential primary

Three candidates were on the ballot of the American Independent Party, a state political party.

| California American Independence presidential primary, 2008 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
| **Donald Grundmann** | **16,603** | **36.08%** |
| Diane Templin | 15,302 | 33.25% |
| Mad Max Riekse | 14,099 | 30.64% |
| David Larson (write-in) | 18 | 0.04% |
| **Totals** | **46,022** | **100.00%** |
| Voter turnout\[A\] |  | |

### Democratic presidential primary

| California Democratic presidential primary, 2008 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | National delegates |
| **Hillary Clinton** | **2,608,184** | **51.47%** | **204** |
| Barack Obama | 2,186,662 | 43.16% | 166 |
| John Edwards | 193,617 | 3.82% | 0 |
| Dennis Kucinich | 24,126 | 0.48% | 0 |
| Bill Richardson | 19,939 | 0.39% | 0 |
| Joe Biden | 18,261 | 0.36% | 0 |
| Mike Gravel | 8,184 | 0.16% | 0 |
| Christopher Dodd | 8,005 | 0.16% | 0 |
| Willie Carter (write-in) | 4 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Eric Hinzman (write-in) | 4 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Phil Epstein (write-in) | 3 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Brian Calef (write-in) | 2 | 0.00% | 0 |
| David Frey (write-in) | 1 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Joseph McAndrew (write-in) | 1 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Keith Judd (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Julius Mogyorossy (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| **Totals** | **5,066,993** | **100.00%** | **370** |
| Voter turnout\[A\] |  | |  |

### Green presidential primary

Seven candidates participated in the Green Party's presidential primary, which is a non-binding contest.

| California Green presidential primary, 2008 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | National delegates |
| **Ralph Nader** | **21,726** | **60.61%** | **102** |
| Cynthia McKinney | 9,534 | 26.60% | 45 |
| Elaine Brown | 1,598 | 4.46% | 7 |
| Kat Swift | 1,084 | 3.02% | 5 |
| Kent Mesplay | 727 | 2.03% | 3 |
| Jesse Johnson | 619 | 1.73% | 3 |
| Jared Ball | 556 | 1.55% | 3 |
| **Totals** | **35,844** | **100.00%** | **168** |
| Voter turnout | 28.21% | |  |

### Libertarian presidential primary

| California Libertarian presidential primary, 2008 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
| **Christine Smith** | **4,241** | **25.16%** |
| Steve Kubby | 2,876 | 17.06% |
| Wayne Root | 2,360 | 14.00% |
| Bob Jackson | 1,486 | 8.81% |
| Barry Hess | 891 | 5.29% |
| George Phillies | 852 | 5.05% |
| Michael Jingozian | 774 | 4.59% |
| Robert Milnes | 721 | 4.28% |
| Daniel Imperato | 707 | 4.19% |
| John Finan | 706 | 4.19% |
| Dave Hollist | 678 | 4.02% |
| Alden Link | 565 | 3.35% |
| Leon Ray (write-in) | 1 | 0.01% |
| **Totals** | **16,858** | **100.00%** |
| Voter turnout | 20.96% | |

### Peace and Freedom presidential primary

Seven candidates participated in the Peace and Freedom presidential primary, a non-binding "beauty contest". Ralph Nader received a plurality of the votes, followed by Gloria La Riva and Cynthia McKinney. Stewart Alexander was nominated to be Socialist Party candidate Brian Moore's running mate in October 2007, but remained on the Peace and Freedom ballot.

| California Peace and Freedom presidential primary, 2008 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
| **Ralph Nader** | **2,620** | **40.66%** |
| Cynthia McKinney | 1,385 | 21.49% |
| Gloria La Riva | 1,292 | 20.05% |
| Brian Moore | 355 | 5.51% |
| John Crockford | 346 | 5.37% |
| Stewart Alexander | 340 | 5.28% |
| Stanley Hetz | 106 | 1.64% |
| **Totals** | **6,444** | **100.00%** |
| Voter turnout | 11.27% | |

### Republican presidential primary

| California Republican presidential primary, 2008 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | National delegates |
| **John McCain** | **1,238,988** | **42.25%** | **116** |
| Mitt Romney | 1,013,471 | 34.56% | 3 |
| Mike Huckabee | 340,669 | 11.62% | 0 |
| Rudy Giuliani | 128,681 | 4.39% | 0 |
| Ron Paul | 125,365 | 4.27% | 0 |
| Fred Thompson | 50,275 | 1.71% | 0 |
| Duncan Hunter | 14,021 | 0.48% | 0 |
| Alan Keyes | 11,742 | 0.40% | 0 |
| John Cox | 3,219 | 0.11% | 0 |
| Tom Tancredo | 3,884 | 0.13% | 0 |
| Sam Brownback | 2,486 | 0.08% | 0 |
| Karen Irish (write-in) | 6 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Michael Shaw (write-in) | 2 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Edward Marshall (write-in) | 1 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Joel Neuberg (write-in) | 1 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Robert Brickell (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Brian Calef (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| David Frey (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Walter Rothnie (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
| John Sutherland (write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 |
|
| **Totals** | **2,932,811** | **100.00%** | **119** |
| Voter turnout | 56.08% | |  |

## Propositions

### Proposition 91

Proposition 91 sought to amend the California Constitution to prohibit motor vehicle fuel sales taxes that are earmarked for transportation purposes from being retained in the state's General Fund.

Proposition 91
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **4,794,776** | **58.31** |
| Yes | 3,427,588 | 41.69 |
| Valid votes | 8,222,364 | 90.67 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 846,051 | 9.33 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition 92

Proposition 92 sought to amend Proposition 98 of 1988, which sets a mandate for the minimum level of funding each year for elementary and secondary schools and community colleges.

Proposition 92
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **4,831,445** | **57.21** |
| Yes | 3,613,332 | 42.79 |
| Valid votes | 8,444,777 | 93.12 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 623,638 | 6.88 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition 93

Proposition 93 sought to change the term limits for members of the California State Legislature in both the State Assembly and State Senate.

Proposition 93
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **4,574,826** | **53.59** |
| Yes | 3,961,466 | 46.41 |
| Valid votes | 8,536,292 | 94.13 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 532,123 | 5.87 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition 94

Proposition 94 sought to expand the Indian Gaming Compact with the Pechanga Band of Luiseño Mission Indians.

Proposition 94
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **4,812,313** | **55.56** |
| No | 3,848,998 | 44.44 |
| Valid votes | 8,661,311 | 95.51 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 407,104 | 4.49 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition 95

Proposition 95 sought to expand the Indian Gaming Compact with the Morongo Band of Mission Indians.

Proposition 95
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **4,809,573** | **55.60** |
| No | 3,841,352 | 44.40 |
| Valid votes | 8,650,925 | 95.40 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 417,490 | 4.60 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition 96

Proposition 96 sought to expand the Indian Gaming Compact with the Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation.

Proposition 96
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **4,785,413** | **55.45** |
| No | 3,844,408 | 44.54 |
| Valid votes | 8,629,821 | 95.16 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 438,594 | 4.84 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition 97

Proposition 97 sought to expand the Indian Gaming Compact with the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians.

Proposition 97
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **4,786,884** | **55.50** |
| No | 3,838,892 | 44.50 |
| Valid votes | 8,625,776 | 95.12 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 442,639 | 4.88 |
| **Total votes** | **9,068,415** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

## 55th State Assembly district special election

The seat of California's 55th State Assembly district was vacated by Assemblymember Laura Richardson, who won a special election to fill California's 37th congressional district on June 26, 2007. The congressional district was vacant after Juanita Millender-McDonald died of cancer on April 22, 2007.

### Primary election

A primary election for the special election was held on December 11, 2007. Since no candidate won a majority, the candidates with the top votes for each party appeared on the ballots for the special election.

California's 55th State Assembly district special primary, 2007
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Warren Furutani | 9,578 | 48.52 |
|  | Democratic | Mike Gipson | 7,602 | 38.51 |
|  | Libertarian | Herb Peters | 1,137 | 5.76 |
|  | American Independent | Charlotte Gibson | 776 | 3.93 |
|  | Democratic | Mervin Evans | 531 | 2.69 |
| Valid ballots | | | 19,624 | 99.41 |
| Invalid or blank votes | | | 116 | 0.59 |
| Total votes | | | **19,740** | **100.00** |
| Turnout | | |  | 11.56 |

### Special election

California's 55th State Assembly district special election, 2008
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Warren Furutani** | **48,419** | **69.80** |
|  | American Independent | Charlotte Gibson | 10,785 | 15.55 |
|  | Libertarian | Herb Peters | 10,168 | 14.66 |
| Valid ballots | | | 69,372 | 79.80 |
| Invalid or blank votes | | | 17,670 | 20.30 |
| Total votes | | | **87,042** | **100.00** |
| Turnout | | |  | 50.96 |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

**A** Voter turnout information is listed where applicable. Turnout information is not available for the American Independent or Democratic primaries because both parties allowed Decline to State voters to participate. There were a total of 328,261 eligible registered voters registered with the American Independent Party, 6,749,406 with the Democratic Party, and 3,043,164 who declined to state. There was a total of 15,712,753 eligible registered voters regardless of party affiliation in the entire state.

## InfoBox

February 2008 California elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Maria Eugénia Martins de Nazaré Ribeiro

abstract: Maria Eugénia Martins de Nazaré Ribeiro is a Portuguese judge and a former member of the General Court of the European Union. She studied in Lisbon, Brussels and Strasbourg, she's a member of the Bar in Portugal and Brussels. As part of her studies, she was also an independent researcher at the Institut d'études européennes de l'université libre de Bruxelles. She was a Judge at the General Court from 2003 until 2016. Since 2018, she is a member of the panel foreseen by Article 255 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which gives an opinion on candidates' suitability to perform the duties of Judge and Advocate-General of the Court of Justice and the General Court before the governments of the Member States appoint them.

text:
# Maria Eugénia Martins de Nazaré Ribeiro

**Maria Eugénia Martins de Nazaré Ribeiro** (born 1956) is a Portuguese judge and a former member of the General Court of the European Union.

She studied in Lisbon, Brussels and Strasbourg, she's a member of the Bar in Portugal and Brussels. As part of her studies, she was also an independent researcher at the Institut d'études européennes de l'université libre de Bruxelles (Institute of European Studies, Free University of Brussels).

She was a Judge at the General Court from 2003 until 2016.

Since 2018, she is a member of the panel foreseen by Article 255 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which gives an opinion on candidates' suitability to perform the duties of Judge and Advocate-General of the Court of Justice and the General Court before the governments of the Member States appoint them.


title: The Klezmatics

abstract: The Klezmatics are an American klezmer music group based in New York City, who have achieved fame singing in several languages, most notably mixing older Yiddish tunes with other types of more contemporary music of differing origins. They have also recorded pieces in Aramaic and Bavarian.

text:
# The Klezmatics

**The Klezmatics** are an American klezmer music group based in New York City, who have achieved fame singing in several languages, most notably mixing older Yiddish tunes with other types of more contemporary music of differing origins. They have also recorded pieces in Aramaic and Bavarian.

## Personnel

Current members include composers Matt Darriau, alto saxophone, clarinet, and kaval, and Frank London, on trumpet and keys, Paul Morrissett playing bass and tsimbl cimbalom, vocalist Lorin Sklamberg on accordion and piano, Lisa Gutkin on violin and vocals, and David Licht or Richie Barshay on drums.

Past members include David Krakauer, Margot Leverett, Kurt Bjorling and Michael Lowenstern on the clarinet, Alicia Svigals on violin, and David Lindsay on bass. In addition, Boo Reiners, Susan McKeown, Joshua Nelson, Chava Alberstein, and Aaron Alexander have frequently collaborated with the band.

## History

The group formed in New York's East Village in 1986. They have appeared numerous times on television, including on the PBS *Great Performances* series with Itzhak Perlman. They have collaborated with the Romani virtuoso Ferus Mustafov, Israeli singers Chava Alberstein and Ehud Banay, American singer Arlo Guthrie, and Moroccan musicians The Master Musicians of Jajouka. In Berlin, they worked with poet Allen Ginsberg. Trumpeter Frank London composed the score for Pilobolus Dance Theater's work, *Davenen*, which the band performed. The members come from different musical backgrounds. Drummer Richie Barshay plays jazz with Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea. Violinist Lisa Gutkin came from a predominantly Celtic background before joining the band.

The Klezmatics' 20th anniversary concert took place at New York City's Town Hall on March 5, 2006. That event is included in the documentary chronicling the band's history and significance, *The Klezmatics: On Holy Ground* (2010). Five years later, they recorded a 25th anniversary CD at the same location.

## Recordings

The Klezmatics have recorded for Rounder, Piranha, Xenophile, Flying Fish, and the now-defunct Jewish Music Group.

*Wonder Wheel*, released in 2006, showcased lyrics by American folk icon Woody Guthrie, selected by the band from the Woody Guthrie archive. Although the music draws primarily from a wide range of Americana, not klezmer, the album won a Grammy in the category of Best Contemporary World Music Album. Another album of Guthrie material, with music drawn from the band's more usual Yiddish, Eastern European Jewish music roots, *Woody Guthrie's Happy Joyous Hanukkah*, was released the same year. Guthrie's granddaughter, Sarah Lee Guthrie, has appeared with them. Other key collaborations include the music to Tony Kushner's adaptation of The Dybbuk, ""A Dybbuk: Between Two Worlds”", The Well: Klezmatics with Chava Alberstein in which poetry by several prominent Yiddish poets was set to music, and Brother Moses Smote the Water with Jewish gospel-style singer, Joshua Nelson.

## Discography

| Track # | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Ershter Vals |
| 2 | A Glezele Vayn |
| 3 | Tantst Yidelekh |
| 4 | Russian Shers |
| 5 | Bilovi |
| 6 | Dzhankoye |
| 7 | Ale Brider |
| 8 | Czernowitzer Bulgar |
| 9 | Mazl Tov, Zeydns Tants |
| 10 | Schneider-Zwiefacher |
| 11 | Rebns Khasene / Khasene Tants |
| 12 | Di Zen Vet Aruntergeyn |

| Track # | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Shprayz Ikh Mir |
| 2 | Kolomeyke |
| 3 | Moroccan Game |
| 4 | An Undoing World |
| 5 | Mizmor Shir Lehanef (Reefer Song) | Mizmor Shir Lehanef is the first Yiddish anthem written about marijuana. |
| 6 | Shvartz Un Vays (Black and White) |
| 7 | Lomir Heybn Dem Bekher |
| 8 | Sirba Matey Matey |
| 9 | Mipney Ma |
| 10 | Beggars' Dance |
| 11 | Shnaps-Nign |
| 12 | Interlude |
| 13 | Dybbuk Shers |
| 14 | Fradde's Song |
| 15 | Der Shvatser Mi Adir (The Black Benediction) |
| 16 | Hinokh Yafo |
| 17 | Mipney Ma (reprise) |
| 18 | Eyn Mol |

| Track # | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Klezmorimlekh mayne libinke |
| 2 | Kats un Moyz |
| 3 | Loshn-Koydesh |
| 4 | Tepel |
| 5 | I Ain't Afraid |
| 6 | Di Gayster |
| 7 | Yo Riboyn Olam |
| 8 | Bulgars #2 |
| 9 | Barikadn |
| 10 | Davenen |
| 11 | St. John's Nign |
| 12 | Hevil iz Havolim |
| 13 | Makht oyf! |
| 14 | Perets-Tanst |
| 15 | I Ain't Afraid (English edit) |

| Track # | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eyliyohu Hanovi | 2:38 |
| 2 | Elijah Rock | 9:17 |
| 3 | Ki Loy Nue | 6:40 |
| 4 | Shnirele Perele |
| 5 | Walk In Jerusalem |
| 6 | Go Down Moses |
| 7 | Moses Smote The Water |
| 8 | Oh Mary Don't You Weep |
| 9 | Didn't It Rain |
| 10 | Ale Brider |

| Disc # | Track # | Title |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Man In A Hat |
| 1 | 2 | Bobe Tanz (feat. Margot Leverett) |
| 1 | 3 | Dzhankoye |
| 1 | 4 | Rhythm / Jews With Horns Medley: Fun Tashlikh / Fisherlid (feat. David Krakauer) |
| 1 | 5 | Dybbuk Suite: Mipney Ma / Beggars' Dance / Shnaps-nign / Di Gayster / Fradde's Song / Der Shvartser Mi Adir / Hinokh Yafo / Mipney Ma |
| 1 | 6 | Di Krenitse |
| 1 | 7 | St. John's Nign |
| 1 | 8 | Brother Moses Suite: Eyliyohu Havnovi |
| 1 | 9 | Brother Moses Suite: Elijah Rock (feat. Joshua Nelson) |
| 2 | 1 | Davenen |
| 2 | 2 | I Ain't Afraid (feat. Adrienne Cooper) |
| 2 | 3 | Gonna Get Through This World (feat. Susan McKeown) |
| 2 | 4 | Holy Ground |
| 2 | 5 | Moroccan Game |
| 2 | 6 | Hanuka Gelt |
| 2 | 7 | Medley: Lolly Lo / NY Psycho Freylekhs |
| 2 | 8 | Shnirele, Perele |
| 2 | 9 | Ale Brider |
| 2 | 10 | Tepel |

* 2016 – *Apikorsim* (World Village)

## InfoBox

| The Klezmatics | |
| --- | --- |
| The Klezmatics, early 2000s line-up. | |
| Background information | |
| Genres | Klezmer |
| Years active | 1986 (1986)–present (present) |
|  | |
| Members | Matt Darriau, Frank London, Paul Morrissett, Lorin Sklamberg, Lisa Gutkin, David Licht, Richie Barshay |
|  | |
| Past members | David Krakauer, Margot Leverett, Kurt Bjorling, Alicia Svigals, David Lindsay. |
|  | |
| Website | www.klezmatics.com |


title: Fernando Cabrera Cantó

abstract: Fernando Cabrera Cantó (1866–1937) was a Spanish painter and sculptor; whose themes ranged from the cheerful and satiric to the darkly morbid. He also did landscapes.

text:
# Fernando Cabrera Cantó

**Fernando Cabrera Cantó** (1866–1937) was a Spanish painter and sculptor; whose themes ranged from the cheerful and satiric to the darkly morbid. He also did landscapes.

## Biography

He began his artistic education at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos in Valencia, where his teacher was a fellow Alcoyano, Lorenzo Casanova. He completed his studies in Madrid, with Casto Plasencia, and in Italy; a study trip made possible by a scholarship from the Diputación provincial de Alicante.

He collaborated with the architect, Vicente Pascual Pastor, in decorating the Casa del Pavo, one of the landmarks of Art Nouveau in Alcoy. His studio would later be located in the front part of that building. For much of his life, he was a teacher at the School of Arts and Crafts. His students included Julio Pascual, the noted enamel and iron artist, José Mataix Monllor, Edmundo Jordá and Agustín Espí Carbonell, a decorative artist, .

He participated in the National Exhibition of Fine Arts; receiving a Second Class prize in 1890 for "Huérfanos" (Orphans), and a First Class prize in 1906 for "Al Abismo" (To the Abyss...). He was also the recipient of awards at the Exposition Universelle (1900) and the Panama–Pacific International Exposition of 1915, in San Francisco.

Cantó's works show the influence of several 19th century painters, notably Mariano Fortuny, Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench and Eduardo Rosales. Many of his paintings express social commentary, while others are simple genre scenes, landscapes and portraits.

## Selected paintings

## Further reading

* Pantorba, Bernardino de. *El pintor Cabrera Cantó* (biographical and critical essay), Madrid, Gran Capitán, 1945.
* Espí Valdés, Adrián. "Acercamiento al mundo plástico y humano de Cabrera y Cantó", in: *Revista Eines*, Alcoy, 1984, pp. 33–56.
* Hernández Guardiola, Lorenzo, *Fernando Cabrera Cantó, (1866-1937)*, Diputació Provincial d'Alacant, 2005, ISBN 84-96206-46-7

## InfoBox

| Fernando Cabrera Cantó | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1866-10-08)8 October 1866
Alcoy, Spain |
| Died | 6 January 1937(1937-01-06) (aged 70)
Alcoy, Spain |


title: Maria Farneti

abstract: Maria Farneti was an Italian soprano singer.

text:
# Maria Farneti

**Maria Farneti** (8 December 1877 – 17 October 1955) was an Italian soprano singer.

## Early life

Maria Farneti was born at Forlì, the daughter of Domenico Farneti and Clementina Babini. She studied voice with Virginia Gazzuoli, at the Liceo Rossini in Pesaro.

## Career

Farneti, "said to be the greatest beauty on the Italian stage", made her official debut in 1899, as Mimi in *La bohème* in Sansepolcro. In 1900 she sang at Bologna with Enrico Caruso. In 1902 she made her North American debut and sang in Pietro Mascagni's *Iris* in New York. In 1906 she gave her interpretation of Cio-Cio-San in *Madama Butterfly* in Rome and Naples, and she was well-reviewed in *Ariane* in 1908. She sang on tours of South America, at theatres in Buenos Aires, Montevideo and Rio de Janeiro, in 1911 and 1913. She was the first to sing the title role of Mascagni's *Isabeau*. Her last stage role was in Puccini's *La Rondine* in 1917.

She made recordings in 1910 (for Edison), 1914-1917 (for Fonotipia Records), and 1930-1931 (for Columbia). In 1922 she coached Irish soprano Margaret Burke Sheridan for a performance of *Madama Butterfly*.

## Personal life

Farneti married a lawyer, Luigi Riboldi, in 1917, and spent her retirement in a villa on Lake Como. The Riboldis were friends with Arturo Toscanini and his wife, into the 1940s. Maria Farneti died in 1955, aged 78 years. There is a street named for her in Forlì, and another in São Paulo, Brazil. In 2015, there was a musical commemoration in Forlì to mark sixty years since her death.


title: Maria Farmer

abstract: Maria K. Farmer is an American visual artist known for providing the first criminal complaint to law enforcement, to the New York City Police Department and to the FBI, in 1996 about the conduct of financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Farmer, a figurative painter, had described her and her sister Annie's experiences of sexual misconduct from Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell to a journalist at Vanity Fair in 2002 but the publication refrained from including it in their accounts.

text:
# Maria Farmer

**Maria K. Farmer** (born 1969 or 1970) is an American visual artist known for providing the first criminal complaint to law enforcement, to the New York City Police Department and to the FBI, in 1996 about the conduct of financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Farmer, a figurative painter, had described her and her sister Annie's experiences of sexual misconduct from Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell to a journalist at *Vanity Fair* in 2002 but the publication refrained from including it in their accounts.

## Early life and education

Farmer was born in 1969 or 1970 in Paducah, Kentucky to Frank Farmer and Janice Swain. She has two younger brothers and two younger sisters. The family lived for a time in Phoenix, Arizona. From an early age, she had a set intention to become an artist.

Farmer attended Santa Clara University and graduated in 1992. She relocated to New York City in 1993 to study at the New York Academy of Art. She earned her master's degree from the Academy in 1995. Farmer attended a post-graduate workshop at the Santa Fe Art Institute in 1995.

## Career

Farmer is a visual artist who primarily makes paintings and pastel drawings of individual people or groups of people. In the mid 1990s, while Farmer was in graduate school, she reported selling her artwork for $20,000 directly from her studio. At her graduate exhibition in 1995, the school's dean, Eileen Guggenheim, introduced Farmer to both Jeffrey Epstein, who served as a board member at the Academy from 1987 to 1994, and to his companion Ghislaine Maxwell. Although Farmer had already sold her painting for $12,000 to a German buyer, Epstein reportedly wanted to buy it at the reception for half price and Guggenheim urged Farmer to cut him a deal. Prior to the introduction, Farmer was aware that Epstein regularly attended the Academy's events and frequently observed art students working in their studios. The pair were known at the school to be important art patrons.

In the summer of 1995, Farmer was one of four artists chosen to attend an all-expenses-paid trip to Santa Fe. Several of the artists confirmed that they attended a dinner party, hosted by Epstein and Maxwell with Guggenheim, that was designed to test the artists' boundaries within a bizarre and competitive environment where the women were promised that one of them would be rewarded with a major commissioned artwork for Epstein's New Mexico property. However, no commission materialized.

Back in New York, Farmer was recruited to work for Epstein, first as his art advisor, where she oversaw the acquisition of artwork by Chuck Bowdish and Damian Loeb for Epstein's collection. She continued to work for Epstein at the front desk of his New York mansion, signing in "tradesmen, decorators, and friends". She observed a large number of young girls coming and going from the house, and stated that Maxwell would leave on frequent missions to recruit girls for Epstein. She described Epstein showing her the security room at his New York mansion that was equipped with extensive video surveillance devices focused on the beds and toilets in the property. Farmer reportedly saw lawyer Alan Dershowitz regularly visiting Epstein's New York home.

### Wexner artist residency

In the summer of 1996, Farmer was commissioned to create two artworks for the film set of *As Good as It Gets*. At the time, Farmer was living in a small walk-up apartment in Greenwich Village. Epstein offered her more space to create the artwork as an artist-in-residence at a (10,600 sq. ft.) guest home on Les Wexner's property in New Albany, Ohio. In May 1996, Farmer traveled to the Wexner property in Ohio in a rental truck with her art materials and supplies. The property was spacious but Farmer was disturbed to learn after arrival that the home was guarded by Wexner's armed security personnel and she was required to phone Wexner's wife, Abigail Wexner, for permission to leave the home or property.

Farmer stated, in an affidavit filed in support of a defamation lawsuit brought by Virginia Giuffre against Alan Dershowitz, that Epstein and Maxwell came to the property in Ohio and sexually assaulted her. She managed to escape into another part of the house and barricaded herself inside by pushing furniture up against the door. She contacted  members of her family, her mentor artist Eric Fischl, and reached out to authorities. Security guards on the property told her that she could not leave and she was held against her will for 12 hours. Farmer was eventually able to depart the scene when her father arrived, after driving from Kentucky to Ohio, to pick her up.

Later that summer, Farmer learned that her younger sister Annie had also been assaulted by Epstein when Annie had visited him at his Zorro Ranch in New Mexico in April 1996. In a lawsuit filed in 2019 against Epstein's estate, Annie Farmer stated that Epstein had groped, harassed, and crawled into bed with her in New Mexico, whereas Maxwell had given her an inappropriate topless massage.

Farmer called the New York City Police Department and the FBI on August 26, 1996 and reported the assault. The authorities did not take action regarding the assault. The NYPD did make a report about the property theft of Farmer's artwork by Maxwell and Epstein.

In 2002, Farmer, her sister, and her mother also shared their stories with journalist Vicky Ward, then at *Vanity Fair*, who was writing a profile on Epstein. Despite the Farmer sisters and their mother giving voice to the misconduct, their mention was excluded from the final story by then-editor Graydon Carter. Carter later alleged that he had been pressured by Epstein at the time of publication to omit mention of the Farmer sisters; Carter's residence and the *Vanity Fair* office had each received ominous signals (a bullet and a cat's head) at times corresponding to when they might have further investigated Epstein.

The art collector Stuart Pivar confirmed that he learned of Farmer's experience shortly after it occurred. Artist Eric Fischl also corroborated Farmer's account and confirmed being contacted by her. Maxwell threatened Farmer's life repeatedly after the event in an effort to enforce her silence. Following the *Vanity Fair* profile on Epstein in which editors decided not to publish Farmer's account, she has stated that the threats intensified, leading her to leave the New York art world.

Farmer has stated that she received multiple direct threats from Maxwell and Epstein, who also called her clients and contacts in the art world in an effort to destroy her credibility. She stated: “I was terrified of Maxwell and Epstein and I moved a number of times to try to hide from them.” After enduring persistent threats, Farmer changed her name and moved first to North Carolina. For 24 years, she quietly sold antiques and restored houses in the American Southeast, in an effort to stay under the radar.

The FBI reappeared in 2006 at Farmer's door to question her just before Epstein's arrest for his first criminal prosecution, but little came of the matter. Farmer was contacted once more in 2016, this time by lawyers who were working with Virginia Giuffre. Still in hiding, Farmer recounted her experiences with Epstein and Maxwell to Stanley Pottinger and Bradley Edwards to assist in a better understanding of the defendants' patterns over time.

### Decision to speak out publicly

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| The first person to report Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell to the FBI
5:27 video from *60 Minutes Australia* July 2020 | |
| Right Hand Woman
27:21 video from *60 Minutes Australia* July 2020
(Farmer's interview starts at 4:50) | |

After being diagnosed with a brain tumor by early 2019, Farmer described her realization and anger over the impact that the abuse (plus the years of hiding after threats to her life) had on her and her family as the impetus for speaking out publicly. On April 16, 2019, Farmer filed a sworn affidavit in federal court in New York, alleging that she and her 15-year-old sister, Annie, had been sexually assaulted by Epstein and Maxwell in separate locations in 1996.

In an interview with *Grazia* in September 2019, Farmer expressed that it was the betrayal by women that she found hardest to bear in addition to the disinterest with which the authorities handled her early reports of abusive behavior by Epstein and Maxwell. In November 2019, Farmer was also interviewed by Anthony Mason for *CBS This Morning*.

ABC News reported that Farmer and her younger sister Annie shared similarities with Chauntae Davies and her younger sister Teala in that Epstein manipulated the trust within both family groups to further his criminal interest in abusing young girls.

In late 2019 and early 2020, five wrestlers, survivors of the Ohio State University abuse scandal, publicly called on state and federal officials to conduct further inquiry into Farmer's allegations of sexual assault at the Wexner property. The wrestlers called for greater accountability regarding the Wexner family's involvement in Epstein's abuse and raised their concerns about the continuing influence of Abigail and Leslie Wexner serving as the "biggest and best-known benefactors" of the university.

Farmer appeared in a four-part Netflix series, released in May 2020, *Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy Rich*, directed by Lisa Bryant and based on the earlier book of the same name by James Patterson.

### Recent artwork

In January 2020, Farmer was reportedly working on a series of paintings and pastel drawings called “The Survivors Project” consisting of individual portraits of known survivors of Epstein's abuse. She claims the harm experienced by countless other victims of Epstein could have been prevented had authorities acted when she first reported the abuse.

Farmer created a seven foot long artwork on canvas about the Epstein abuse network which depicted individuals involved in the scandal in a style akin to Hieronymus Bosch.

## Personal life

After being diagnosed with a brain tumor and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, she was receiving treatment for cancer in May 2020.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Maria Farmer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Maria K. Farmer
1969 or 1970 (age 54–55)
Paducah, Kentucky |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | New York Academy of Art (Class of 1995)
Santa Clara University (Class of 1992) |
| Occupation | Visual artist |
| Style | Figurative painter |
| Website | MariaFarmerArt.com |


title: Mari Nakaga

abstract: Mari Nakaga was a Japanese female weightlifter, competing in the 58 kg category and representing Japan at international competitions. She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 53 kg event. She competed at world championships, most recently at the 2002 World Weightlifting Championships.

text:
# Mari Nakaga

**Mari Nakaga** (**仲嘉 真理**, born 12 November 1975 in Okinawa) was a Japanese female weightlifter, competing in the 58 kg category and representing Japan at international competitions.

She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 53 kg event. She competed at world championships, most recently at the 2002 World Weightlifting Championships.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | | |
| Summer Olympics | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2000 | Sydney, Australia | 53 kg |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |
| World Championships | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2002 | Warsaw, Poland | 58 kg | **75** | ~~80~~ | ~~80~~ | 19 | **97.5** | ~~102.5~~ | ~~102.5~~ | 20 | **172.5** | 18 |
| 1999 | Piraeus, Greece | 53 kg | 80 | **82.5** | ~~85~~ | 10 | 105 | ~~110~~ | **110** | 4 | **192.5** | 5 |

1. "2002 Weightlifting World Championships - Mari Nakaga". iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.

## InfoBox

Mari Nakaga
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Mari Nakaga |
| Born | (1975-11-12) 12 November 1975<br>Okinawa, Japan |
| Height | 156 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 57.60 kg (127.0 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Japan |
| Sport | Weightlifting |
| Weight class | 58 kg |
| Team | National team |
| Updated on 27 September 2016 | |


title: The Long Shadow (Cleary novel)

abstract: The Long Shadow is a 1949 novel from Australian author Jon Cleary. Cleary had just written his debut work, You Can't See 'Round Corners and was unsure what to do as a follow-up. His editor Graham Greene suggested he try his hand at a thriller "because it will teach you the art of narrative and it will teach you the uses of brevity."

text:
# The Long Shadow (Cleary novel)

***The Long Shadow*** is a 1949 novel from Australian author Jon Cleary.

Cleary had just written his debut work, *You Can't See 'Round Corners* and was unsure what to do as a follow-up. His editor Graham Greene suggested he try his hand at a thriller "because it will teach you the art of narrative and it will teach you the uses of brevity."

## Plot

The plot revolves around Martin Brown, an educated man who is living as a swagman. He is falsely accused of murder of a woman called Ruth Taylor, and is pursued through the Australian countryside by police and other men. He falls in love with a woman who believes his innocence.

## Reception

Reviews were not as strong as that for Cleary's first novel.

## Proposed film

Reportedly Paramount were interested in the film rights in 1946.

In 1968 it was announced that a movie version was to be made starring Rod Taylor for Ajax Films from a script by James Workman but no film resulted.

## InfoBox

The Long Shadow
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jon Cleary |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Thriller |
| Publisher | Invincible Press |
| Publication date | 1949 |
| Publication place | Australia |


abstract: The United States Trampoline & Tumbling Association (U.S.T.A.) offers competitions in tumbling, trampoline and double-mini trampoline. It was founded in 1970. Starting with 200 members and one division, the U.S.T.A. now has 6000 members, nine divisions for tumbling, and six divisions for the double-mini trampoline and the trampoline. The U.S.T.A. offers scholarships to athletes, and has been an allied member of the Amateur Athletic Union since 1997. By 1970, the sport of trampoline experienced tremendous growth in both numbers of participants and new private clubs opening up across the United States. Although the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) remained the governing body for the sport; sponsoring annual national competitions and sanctioning athletes for international competitions, the AAU had limited involvement with youth programming. In addition, a decision had been made by the United States Gymnastic Federation to exclude trampoline from their sanctioned gymnastics competitions. In October 1970, George Nissen and Larry Griswold assembled a select group of thirty-three U.S. trampoline and tumbling coaches and asked them to collaborate on the formation of a new organization to support and promote the sport of trampoline and tumbling. The U.S.T.A., would work hand-in-hand with the AAU, which remained the governing body for the sport of trampoline.

text:
# United States Trampoline and Tumbling Association

The **United States Trampoline & Tumbling Association** (**U.S.T.A.**) offers competitions in tumbling, trampoline and double-mini trampoline. It was founded in 1970. Starting with 200 members and one division, the U.S.T.A. now has 6000 members, nine divisions for tumbling, and six divisions for the double-mini trampoline and the trampoline. The U.S.T.A. offers scholarships to athletes, and has been an allied member of the Amateur Athletic Union since 1997.

By 1970, the sport of trampoline experienced tremendous growth in both numbers of participants and new private clubs opening up across the United States. Although the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) remained the governing body for the sport; sponsoring annual national competitions and sanctioning athletes for international competitions, the AAU had limited involvement with youth programming.

In addition, a decision had been made by the United States Gymnastic Federation to exclude trampoline from their sanctioned gymnastics competitions.

In October 1970, George Nissen and Larry Griswold assembled a select group of thirty-three U.S. trampoline and tumbling coaches and asked them to collaborate on the formation of a new organization to support and promote the sport of trampoline and tumbling. The U.S.T.A., would work hand-in-hand with the AAU, which remained the governing body for the sport of trampoline.


title: Michael Vandergucht

abstract: Michael Vandergucht (née Michiel van der Gucht; c. 1660 – 16 October 1725) was a Flemish engraver and painter who worked for most of his career in England. He engraved portraits, book illustrations, and architectural prints and painted portraits.

text:
# Michael Vandergucht

**Michael Vandergucht** (née **Michiel van der Gucht**; c. 1660 – 16 October 1725) was a Flemish engraver and painter who worked for most of his career in England. He engraved portraits, book illustrations, and architectural prints and painted portraits.

## Life

Michiel van der Gucht was born in Antwerp, where he became a pupil of Frederik Bouttats the Younger. He was registered as an apprentice in the Antwerp artists' guild, the Guild of St Luke between 18 September 1672 and 18 September 1673. He is recorded in Amsterdam when, on 19 June 1682, he posted banns to marry Maria van Hogenbergh van Aerschot. He lived on the Rosengracht in Amsterdam.

He moved to England before July 1688. He trained his sons, Gerard Vandergucht (1696/97 — 1776) and Jan (John) Vandergucht (c. 1699 — c. 1730) and George Vertue and James Smith as engravers. His son Gerard became one of the leading engravers in London, following the French method of combining precise engraving with the etched tones. Gerard had 30 children of whom one, Benjamin, was a successful engraver, picture restorer and painter.

Michael Vandergucht died from gout in his house, the Golden Head in Queen Street, Bloomsbury, and was buried in the churchyard of St Giles-in-the-Fields.

## Work

He engraved portraits, book illustrations, and architectural prints and painted portraits. He kept to a restrained form of engraving, without etching. His figures often appear wooden and uninspired.

He provided many of the engravings for the first complete English translation of Andrea Palladio's *I quattro libri dell'architettura* published in London in 1715. Most plates in the publication are reverse-copies of those in the original edition, but with measurements corrected by its editor and publisher, Giacomo Leoni.


title: Emery Tales

abstract: Emery Tales is a 2015 Greek documentary film written and directed by Susanne Bausinger and Stelios Efstathopoulos. Set on the island of Naxos, the film illustrates the declining emery industry in an isolated and struggling mining community. The film premiered at the Thessaloniki Documentary Festival on March 3, 2015.

text:
# Emery Tales

***Emery Tales*** is a 2015 Greek documentary film written and directed by Susanne Bausinger and Stelios Efstathopoulos. Set on the island of Naxos, the film illustrates the declining emery industry in an isolated and struggling mining community.

The film premiered at the Thessaloniki Documentary Festival on March 3, 2015.

## Synopsis

In 2014, a group of miners try to mine as much "smyrigli", or emery, as possible in the mountain of Naxos. They are only able to mine two or three times every year. Apeiranthos, one of many communities on the island, is dwindling due to its dwellers transferring to other more beneficial places in Greece.

## Production

*Emery Tales* was written and directed by German journalist Susanne Bausinger and Greek photographer Stelios Efstathopoulos. The two had been filmmaking partners for more than two decades when they began work on the documentary in 2013, having taken notice of news reports in 2012 regarding miners going on strike on the island of Naxos. The film is a co-production of Faos TV Productions with Roll Productions, a studio founded by the film's editor.

## Release

*Emery Tales* premiered at the Thessaloniki Documentary Festival on March 3, 2015. It was also screened at the 42 Ekotopfilm Bratislava Documentary Festival on May 29, 2015, and at the World Premieres Film Festival Philippines 2015 in the "Cine Verde" section on June 30, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Emery Tales | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Susanne Bausinger
Stelios Efstathopoulos |
| Written by | Susanne Bausinger
Stelios Efstathopoulos |
| Narrated by | Aris Gerontakis |
| Cinematography | Stelios Efstathopoulos |
| Edited by | Tassos Mavrogiannis |
| Music by | Panos Kapernekas
Aliki Markantonatou |
| Production
companies | Faos TV Productions
Roll Productions (co-production) |
| Release date | * 20 March 2015 (2015-03-20) (Thessaloniki) |
| Running time | 66 minutes |
| Country | Greece |
| Language | Greek |


title: James W. Oliver

abstract: James W. Oliver was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

text:
# James W. Oliver

**James W. Oliver** (c. 1844 in New York City – September 18, 1911 in Manhattan, NYC) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He graduated from St. John's College. Then he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in New York City.

Oliver was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1884, 1885, 1898, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911; and was Minority Leader in 1907.

He died on September 18, 1911, in St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan; and was buried at the Calvary Cemetery in Queens.

## Sources


title: Frannie Lindsay

abstract: Frannie Lindsay is an American poet. She is author of three poetry collections, most recently, The Snow's Wife. Her honors include fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, the MacDowell and Millay Colonies, and Yaddo. Her poems have been published in literary journals and magazines including The Atlantic Monthly, The Yale Review, Black Warrior Review, The Georgia Review, The Southern Review, Southern Humanities Review, Field, Prairie Schooner, Poetry East, Beloit Poetry Journal, Harvard Review, and Hunger Mountain. Her poems have also been featured on Poetry Daily, and Verse Daily. Lindsay earned her B.A. from Russell Sage College and her M.F.A. from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop. She grew up in a musical family—her mother was a concert violinist—and she is a classical pianist and lives in Belmont, Massachusetts with her two dogs.

text:
# Frannie Lindsay

**Frannie Lindsay** is an American poet. She is author of three poetry collections, most recently, *The Snow's Wife* (Cavankerry Press, 2020). Her honors include fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, the MacDowell and Millay Colonies, and Yaddo. Her poems have been published in literary journals and magazines including *The Atlantic Monthly, The Yale Review, Black Warrior Review, The Georgia Review, The Southern Review, Southern Humanities Review, Field, Prairie Schooner,* *Poetry East, Beloit Poetry Journal, Harvard Review,* and *Hunger Mountain.* Her poems have also been featured on *Poetry Daily,* and *Verse Daily.* Lindsay earned her B.A. from Russell Sage College and her M.F.A. from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop. She grew up in a musical family—her mother was a concert violinist—and she is a classical pianist and lives in Belmont, Massachusetts with her two dogs.

## Published works

**Full-Length Poetry Collections**

## Honors and awards

* 2009 Washington Prize
* 2006 Massachusetts Cultural Council Artist Fellowship
* 2006 Perugia Press Prize
* 2004 May Swenson Poetry Award


abstract: Tonga has competed in the IAAF World Athletics Championships six times with their first appearance being in 1983 at Helsinki, Finland with Georges Taniel competing in the men's 100m. As of 2019, the country has not recorded any medals. Tonga best performance was in 1983 when Niulolo Pelesikoti placed eighteenth in the Men's decathlon.

text:
# Tonga at the World Athletics Championships

**Tonga** has competed in the IAAF World Athletics Championships six times with their first appearance being in 1983 at Helsinki, Finland with Georges Taniel competing in the men's 100m. As of 2019, the country has not recorded any medals. Tonga best performance was in 1983 when Niulolo Pelesikoti placed eighteenth in the Men's decathlon.

## Entrants

| Athlete | Event | Championships |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Niulolo Pelesikoti | Men's decathlon | 1983 |
| Homelo Vi | Men's decathlon | 1991 |
| Lusia Puleanga | Women's 100 metres | 1991, 1993 |
| | Women's 200 metres | 1993 |
| Toluta'u Koula | Men's 100 metres | 1995, 1997 |
| Siulolo Liku | Women's long jump | 1995, 1997 |
| | Women's 100 metres | 1999 |
| Sesi Salt | Men's 100 metres | 2001 |
| Ana Pouhila | Women's 100 metres | 2001 |
| | Women's shot put | 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 |
| Aisea Tohi | Men's 100 metres | 2007, 2009 |
| Joseph Andy Lui | Men's 100 metres | 2011 |
| Belinda Talakai | Women's 100 metres | 2011 |
| Siueni Filimone | Men's 100 metres | 2013 |
| La Shondra David Mosa'ati | Men's 100 metres | 2015 |
| Ronald Lawrence Fotofili | Men's 100 metres | 2019 |

## InfoBox

| Tonga at the<br>World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | TON |
| National federation | Tonga Athletics Association |
| Website | athletics-oceania.com/tonga/ |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |


title: Wells Mason

abstract: Wells Mason is an American designer and sculptor.

text:
# Wells Mason

**Wells Mason** (born 1968 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American designer and sculptor.

## Biography

He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1990. In 1996, he founded his studio, Ironwood Industries, in Austin, Texas. In 1999, he moved his studio to Coupland, Texas. He opened his gallery, Wells Mason Gallery, in 2011 in Austin, Texas. He currently divides his time between Coupland and Austin.

Mason's furniture designs are typically associated with the Studio Furniture movement. Sometimes functional, sometimes not, his furniture combines seemingly disparate materials, like exquisite veneer or recycled wood coupled with forged or salvaged steel.

Mason's sculptures, on the other hand, are generally associated with Postmodernism and, more specifically, the Postminimalist art movement. His sculptures reference the clean lines and simple forms of Minimalism, but with an intellectual component that explores a particular idea or comments on a specific moment in time.

Architects such as I. M. Pei, Philip Johnson, Eric Own Moss, and Samuel Mockbee have influenced Mason's approach to furniture design. He further cites artists Isamu Noguchi and Donald Judd, poets Rumi and Pablo Neruda, and baseball player Yogi Berra as other sources of inspiration.

## Notable Collections

* **The Mirror Series** (2012 – Present): This sculpture series uses simple shapes and colors in opposition in order to suggest different degrees of self-awareness and mental health.
* **The Umasi Collection** (2005 – Present): This collection blurs the line between furniture and sculpture.
* **The BigLittle Series** (2008 – Present): This furniture series is playfully named for its union of large and small volumes.

## Special Commissions

Mason regularly works on special projects for high-profile clients, such as the Austin Children's Museum, Louis Vuitton, *The Wall Street Journal*, and Steven Holl Architects. In 2005, his studio was commissioned to make the built-in furniture for *Turbulence House* in northern New Mexico.

## Exhibitions/Awards

* 2012: "Seeing is Believing" Exhibit at the Wells Mason Gallery in Austin, Texas.
* 2009: "New American Talent" Exhibit at the Jones Center for Contemporary Art in Austin, Texas.
* 2009: "Transformations 7" Exhibit at the Society for Contemporary Craft in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
* 2008: "The Umasi Collection: Incidental Furniture Design" Exhibit at Gensler in New York, New York.
* 2008: "CraftTexas 2008" Exhibit at the Center for Contemporary Craft in Houston, Texas.
* 2008: "Modern+Design+Function" Exhibit at Design Within Reach in Austin, Texas. The BigLittle Series was awarded 'Best Overall Design'.
* 2007: "Smithsonian Craft Show" at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C. The Umasi Collection was awarded "Excellence in Design of the Future"
* 2006: "New American Talent" Exhibit at the Jones Center for Contemporary Art in Austin, Texas
* 2006: Texas Commission on the Arts selects Wells Mason as a "Texas Original" artists.

## In Print

* Wells Mason's "Big White Little Red" table from the BigLittle Series was featured in the book: '500 Tables' (2010) by Ray Hemachandra and Andrew Glasgow. Mason's "Big Black" credenza, also from the BigLittle Series, was featured in another of *The 500 Series* of books, titled: '500 Cabinets' (2009) by Ray Hemachandra and John Grew Sheridan.


title: Hailstone, Utah

abstract: Hailstone was a town in northern Wasatch County, Utah, United States.

text:
# Hailstone, Utah

Hailstoneclass=notpageimage|Location of the former town of Hailstone within the State of Utah

**Hailstone** was a town in northern Wasatch County, Utah, United States.

## Description

Hailstone was located at the junction on the former routing of US-40 and US-189, 7 miles (11 km) north of Heber City. It was submerged in 1995 by the waters of Jordanelle Reservoir along with Jordanelle and Keetley.

Originally known as **Elkhorn**, Hailstone was homesteaded in 1864 by William Paret Hailstone, Ann Davis Hailstone, and others. The town was a base for mining, ranching, and logging.

Media related to Hailstone, Utah at Wikimedia Commons

40°36′30″N 111°24′40″W / 40.60833°N 111.41111°W / 40.60833; -111.41111


title: Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski

abstract: Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was a Polish politician, freemason and military officer who served as voivode of Białystok Voivodeship in 1930-1934, Mayor of Warsaw in 1934 and 27th Prime Minister of Poland from 1935 to 1936.

text:
# Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski

**Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski** (Polish pronunciation: \[ˈmarjan ˈzɨndram kɔɕt͡ɕawˈkɔfskʲi\]; 16 March 1892 – 12 April 1946) was a Polish politician, freemason and military officer who served as voivode of Białystok Voivodeship in 1930-1934, Mayor of Warsaw in 1934 and 27th Prime Minister of Poland from 1935 to 1936.

## Early years

Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was born in his family’s real estate of Pandėlys, located in the Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire (today Lithuania), to Karol and Maria Budrewicz. He came from a noble background that used the Syrokomla coat of arms. In 1903, Marian went to Saint Petersburg where he attended middle and high school. After graduation in 1910, he began studying at the local Neurological Institute. Also, he studied agriculture at Riga Technical University.

In 1911, Zyndram-Kościałkowski became a member of the Union of Active Struggle (ZWC), Polish independence organization. Together with Walery Sławek, he was a co-founder of structures of the ZWC in northwestern corner of the Russian Empire. In 1912, he was named commandant of the ZWC in the Baltic provinces of Russia, and in the summer of 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, he planned to join Polish Legions in World War I, but was ordered to stay in Warsaw. In 1915, he joined Polish Military Organisation (POW), using nom de guerre Jerzy Orwid. On February 7, 1915, Józef Piłsudski promoted him to Podporucznik (Second Lieutenant). In the same year, he married fellow member of the POW, Anna Krysińska. In 1918, their son Witold was born, with Piłsudski as the godfather.

## 1918–1921

In late 1918, Zyndram-Kościałkowski joined the newly created Polish Army, and in 1919 he was transferred to the Second Department of Polish General Staff. He was actively involved in the activities of Polish intelligence in the areas of Suwałki and southern Lithuania. In April 1919, he came to Wilno (Vilnius), and soon afterwards, Józef Piłsudski ordered him to carry out sabotage attacks in the rear of the Red Army.

In September 1920, Zyndram-Kościałkowski was named commandant of the *Bieniakonie Group*, which was part of *Volunteer Division* (Colonel Adam Koc). Together with this unit, he participated in Żeligowski's Mutiny, which resulted in creation of the Republic of Central Lithuania. In 1920 - 1922, Zyndram-Kościałkowski commanded Second Department (Intelligence) of the General Staff of Central Lithuania’s Armed Forces.

## 1920s

In 1922, Zyndram-Kościałkowski joined Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", to be soon named leader of this party (until 1925). As a deputy of the Land of Wilno to the Polish Sejm, he was released from the military. Zyndram-Kościałkowski remained in the parliament until 1939.

In the early 1920s, he was a member of a Freemason’s Lodge “Tomasz Zan”, and in April 1925, after abandoning Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", he co-created the so-called *Parliamentary Labour Club* (*Klub Pracy*, later renamed into *Labour Party*), together with Kazimierz Bartel. Zyndram-Kościałkowski did not play any significant role in the 1926 May Coup. As key member of the Labour Party, he supported the Sanacja movement, and in May 1927 became a member of the Warsaw City Council. At the same time, he was a deputy chairman of the Association of Army Reservists, and leading member of Association of Polish Cities. In the Parliament, he was responsible for the budget of the Ministry of Military Affairs for the year 1927/28.

Following the 1928 Polish legislative election, Zyndram-Kościałkowski was again elected from the District of Wilno. In March 1928, he became deputy chairman of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR), and in June, his Labour Party joined the BBWR, as autonomous organization.

Zyndram-Kościałkowski was regarded as an avid supporter of Józef Piłsudski. In defence of his policies, in 1922, he challenged General Józef Haller to a duel.

## 1930s

On 20 July 1930 Zyndram-Kościałkowski was named Voivode of Białystok Voivodeship, remaining there until late February 1934. He improved local administration, built sewer system and paved streets of Białystok. He also founded the unemployment committee and Agricultural Chamber. Due to his efforts, local entrepreneurs presented their products at the Northern Trade Fair in Wilno. Also, he was one of co-founders of sports club Jagiellonia Białystok. To honor his work, on 4 September 1935 Zyndram-Kościałkowski was named Honorary Citizen of Białystok, and a boulevard was named after him.

Following the 1930 Polish legislative election, he was again elected to the Sejm (November 1930). On 28 June 1934, after Minister of Internal Affairs Bronisław Pieracki had been murdered by Ukrainian nationalists, Zyndram-Kościałkowski took over this post. As a minister, he tried to streamline local administration, and reach an agreement with moderate Ukrainian organizations. In the summer of 1935, Polish authorities reached a compromise with the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO), and as a result, the UNDO took place in the 1935 Polish legislative election.

After the death of Józef Piłsudski (12 May 1935), the Sanacja camp was divided into two factions: those gathered around President Ignacy Mościcki, and the followers of Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz. In August 1935, Mościcki agreed with Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski that changes must be made in the government of Walery Sławek. Kwiatkowski entered the cabinet, while Zyndram-Kościałkowski was appointed to the post of Prime Minister.

On 13 October 1935 Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was nominated to the post of Prime Minister of Poland. His government excluded the so-called Piłsudski's colonels, which was supported by the public opinion. Due to the economical difficulties of the mid-1930s, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, who was Minister of Industry and Trade, played a key role in the government. In December 1935, amnesty of political prisoners was declared, but Zyndram-Kościałkowski decided not to close the Bereza Kartuska prison. In the spring of 1936, Socialist and Communist organizations initiated a series of anti-government demonstrations. Strikes and protests took place all over the country: on 20–25 March a sit-down strike took place at the Semperit Plant in Kraków. The protest was broken by the riot police, with several people killed or injured. In Lwów, the police killed 9 people, wounding over 200. These social disturbances undermined the position of Zyndram-Kościałkowski and his cabinet.

On 15 May 1936 President Mościcki demoted Zyndram-Kościałkowski, replacing him with Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski. Zyndram-Kościałkowski was appointed Minister of Labour in the new government, remaining in post until 30 September 1939.

## Exile and death

After the Invasion of Poland, Zyndram-Kościałkowski was interned in Romania. He then moved to France and Great Britain. New Prime Minister in Exile, General Władysław Sikorski sent him to a camp for political opponents, on the Isle of Bute in Scotland. His new partner, actress Maria Balcerkiewicz, was interned with him. They later became engaged, but he died before they could get married.

Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski died on 12 April 1946 in Brookwood, Surrey.

## Military ranks

* Lieutenant – 2 XII 1918
* Captain – 1 XII 1919
* Major – 1924
* Subcolonel – 14 XII 1931

## Honors and awards

Media related to Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 27th Prime Minister of Poland | |
| **In office**
13 October 1935  15 May 1936 | |
| President | Ignacy Mościcki |
| Preceded by | Walery Sławek |
| Succeeded by | Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski |
| Minister of Interior | |
| **In office**
28 June 1934  12 October 1935 | |
| Preceded by | Leon Kozłowski |
| Succeeded by | Władysław Raczkiewicz |
| 28th Mayor of Warsaw | |
| **In office**
2 March 1934  28 June 1934 | |
| Preceded by | Zygmunt Słomiński |
| Succeeded by | Stefan Starzyński |
| Voivode of Białystok Voivodeship | |
| **In office**
10 July 1930  8 March 1934 | |
| Preceded by | Karol Kirst |
| Succeeded by | Stanisław Michałowski |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1892-03-16)16 March 1892
Pandėlys, Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 12 April 1946(1946-04-12) (aged 54)
Brookwood, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" |
| Occupation | Politician, soldier |
|  | |


title: Mondeville 2

abstract: Mondeville 2 is a shopping centre in Caen, France, and the largest of the Lower Normandy region. It is situated in the suburb of Caen in the town of Mondeville. The shopping centre was built by the Promodès group for its supermarket brand Continent and opened on 27 June 1995, replacing the older Supermonde which opened in 1970. As well as retail facilities the shopping centre was home to the Promodès headquarters. Mondeville 2 has a selling area of 60,000 m⁲, of which 12,000 m⁲ are used by Carrefour. It is home to major French supermarket and stores as well as a UGC Ciné Cité cinema.

text:
# Mondeville 2

**Mondeville 2** is a shopping centre in Caen, France, and the largest of the Lower Normandy region. It is situated in the suburb of Caen in the town of Mondeville.

The shopping centre was built by the Promodès group for its supermarket brand Continent and opened on 27 June 1995, replacing the older *Supermonde* (also known as Mondeville 1) which opened in 1970. As well as retail facilities the shopping centre was home to the Promodès headquarters.

Mondeville 2 has a selling area of 60,000 m2, of which 12,000 m2 are used by Carrefour. It is home to major French supermarket and stores as well as a UGC Ciné Cité cinema.

49°09′53″N 0°17′39″W / 49.1646°N 0.2942°W / 49.1646; -0.2942


title: Thomas K. Sanders

abstract: Thomas Koonce Sanders, Sr. was an American bridge player from Nashville, Tennessee. He was married to Carol Sanders, a women's teams world champion player. Sanders was a graduate of Vanderbilt University. He won a single World Bridge Federation gold medal as USA non-playing captain in the 1981 Bermuda Bowl tournament. Tom and Carol Sanders were both inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2002. They were recipients of the von Zedtwitz Award; that is, were nominated for the Hall of Fame by a "Veterans Committee" of players out of the limelight for some time.

text:
# Thomas K. Sanders

**Thomas Koonce Sanders, Sr.** (July 21, 1932 – December 11, 2011) was an American bridge player from Nashville, Tennessee. He was married to Carol Sanders, a women's teams world champion player.

Sanders was a graduate of Vanderbilt University. He won a single World Bridge Federation gold medal as USA non-playing captain in the 1981 Bermuda Bowl tournament.

Tom and Carol Sanders were both inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2002. They were recipients of the von Zedtwitz Award; that is, were nominated for the Hall of Fame by a "Veterans Committee" of players out of the limelight for some time.

## Bridge accomplishments

### Honors

* ACBL Hall of Fame, von Zedtwitz Award 2002

### Wins

### Runners-up


title: Matthias Vanden Borre

abstract: Matthias Vanden Borre is a Belgian lawyer and politician for the New Flemish Alliance. Vanden Borre was born in Dundee, Scotland. He studied political science at KU Leuven and a master's degree in law at Ghent University. He then worked as a lawyer and an assistant to former N-VA leader Geert Bourgeois. Since 2018, he has been a municipal councilor in Brussels. In 2019, he was elected to the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region on second place on the N-VA's list. In April 2021, Vanden Borre was assaulted by a gang while out walking in Brussels which left him with physical injuries.

text:
# Matthias Vanden Borre

**Matthias Vanden Borre** (born 14 May 1987) is a Belgian lawyer and politician for the New Flemish Alliance.

Vanden Borre was born in Dundee, Scotland. He studied political science at KU Leuven and a master's degree in law at Ghent University. He then worked as a lawyer and an assistant to former N-VA leader Geert Bourgeois. Since 2018, he has been a municipal councilor in Brussels. In 2019, he was elected to the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region on second place on the N-VA's list.

In April 2021, Vanden Borre was assaulted by a gang while out walking in Brussels which left him with physical injuries.


title: Thomas Rennie (Harbour Commissioner)

abstract:
Thomas Rennie (1868-1952) was a Canadian businessman and politician. Rennie and his two brothers took over the operation of his father's successful seed business when William Rennie retired in 1889.
Rennie became chair of the firm in 1925, following the retirement of his older brother, Robert.
Rennie would later become a director of the Canadian Seed Trade Association. He was appointed a member of the powerful Toronto Harbour Commission serving as its chair for many years.
Popular historian Mike Filey wrote that he was appointed in 1930, was promoted to chair in 1936, and served a total of seventeen years. John McCutcheon, of Wilfrid Laurier University, wrote that he was appointed in 1921, was promoted to chair in 1938, and served a total of twenty-six years. In 1951 the Commission recognized Rennie's contribution by naming its most recent ferry after him. Rennie's daughter, his only child, christened the vessel. In 1946 Rennie and his older brother Robert filed objections when Jaroslav Racek filed a request to change his name to Gilbert Rennie. Racek was a naturalized Canadian of Czech descent, who had lived in Canada for twenty-one years. McCutcheon suggested their objections were motivated by bigotry.
  -

text:
# Thomas Rennie (Harbour Commissioner)

**Thomas Rennie** (1868-1952) was a Canadian businessman and politician.

Rennie and his two brothers took over the operation of his father's successful seed business when William Rennie retired in 1889. Rennie became chair of the firm in 1925, following the retirement of his older brother, Robert. Rennie would later become a director of the Canadian Seed Trade Association.

He was appointed a member of the powerful Toronto Harbour Commission serving as its chair for many years. Popular historian Mike Filey wrote that he was appointed in 1930, was promoted to chair in 1936, and served a total of seventeen years. John McCutcheon, of Wilfrid Laurier University, wrote that he was appointed in 1921, was promoted to chair in 1938, and served a total of twenty-six years.

In 1951 the Commission recognized Rennie's contribution by naming its most recent ferry after him. Rennie's daughter, his only child, christened the vessel.

In 1946 Rennie and his older brother Robert filed objections when Jaroslav Racek filed a request to change his name to Gilbert Rennie. Racek was a naturalized Canadian of Czech descent, who had lived in Canada for twenty-one years. McCutcheon suggested their objections were motivated by bigotry.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Rennie | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1868-12-14)December 14, 1868<br>Markham, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | August 4, 1952(1952-08-04) (aged 83) |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation(s) | businessman, politician |