title: Geoffroy's tamarin

abstract: Geoffroy's tamarin, also known as the Panamanian, red-crested or rufous-naped tamarin, is a tamarin, a type of small monkey, found in Panama and Colombia. It is predominantly black and white, with a reddish nape. Diurnal, Geoffroy's tamarin spends most of its time in trees, but does come down to the ground occasionally. It lives in groups that most often number between three and five individuals, and generally include one or more adults of each sex. It eats a variety of foods, including insects, plant exudates, fruits and other plant parts. Insects and fruits account for the majority of its diet, but exudates are also important. But since its teeth are not adapted for gouging trees to get to the sap, it can only eat exudates when they are easily available. Although a variety of reproductive methods are used, the most common is for a single adult female in the group to be reproductively active and to mate with multiple adult males in the group. After a gestation period of about 145 days, she gives birth to either a single infant or twins. Males contribute significantly to care of the infants. Sexual maturity is reached at about 2 years, and it can live up to 13 years. Geoffroy's tamarin is classified as being "near threatened" by the IUCN.

text:
# Geoffroy's tamarin

**Geoffroy's tamarin** (***Saguinus geoffroyi***), also known as the **Panamanian**, **red-crested** or **rufous-naped tamarin**, is a tamarin, a type of small monkey, found in Panama and Colombia. It is predominantly black and white, with a reddish nape. Diurnal, Geoffroy's tamarin spends most of its time in trees, but does come down to the ground occasionally. It lives in groups that most often number between three and five individuals, and generally include one or more adults of each sex. It eats a variety of foods, including insects, plant exudates, fruits and other plant parts. Insects and fruits account for the majority of its diet, but exudates are also important. But since its teeth are not adapted for gouging trees to get to the sap, it can only eat exudates when they are easily available.

Although a variety of reproductive methods are used, the most common is for a single adult female in the group to be reproductively active and to mate with multiple adult males in the group. After a gestation period of about 145 days, she gives birth to either a single infant or twins. Males contribute significantly to care of the infants. Sexual maturity is reached at about 2 years, and it can live up to 13 years. Geoffroy's tamarin is classified as being "near threatened" by the IUCN.

## Taxonomy

Like the other tamarins and marmosets, Geoffroy's tamarin is a New World monkey classified within the family Callitrichidae. In 2001, Colin Groves included the Callitrichids in the family Cebidae, which also includes capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys, but in 2009 Anthony Rylands and Russell Mittermeier reverted to older classifications which considered Callitrichidae a separate family. It is a member the genus *Saguinus*, the genus containing most tamarins. There are no recognized subspecies. In 1977, Philip Hershkovitz classified Geoffroy's tamarin as a subspecies of the cotton-top tamarin (*Saguinus oedipus*), which resides exclusively in Colombia, based on fur coloration, cranial and mandibular morphology, and ear size. However, more recent research indicates that the two taxa differ sufficiently to be considered separate species. According to genetic analyses, the two species diverged approximately 1.2 million years ago.

## Physical description

In common with other callitrichids (tamarins and marmosets), Geoffroy's tamarin is a small monkey. With a length of between 225 and 240 millimetres (8.9 and 9.4 in), excluding the tail, it is the smallest Central American monkey. The tail length is between 314 and 386 millimetres (12.4 and 15.2 in). Males have an average weight of 486 grams (17.1 oz), and females are slightly larger on average, with an average weight of 507 grams (17.9 oz). The fur on its back is variegated black and yellow, with pale legs, feet and chest. Its face is nearly bare, but the head has reddish fur with a triangle-shaped patch in the front of the head. The tail is chestnut-red and has a black tip.

## Behavior

Like all callitrichids, Geoffroy's tamarin is diurnal and arboreal. Unlike some other New World monkeys, it does come down to the ground occasionally. This is normally done only in special circumstances, such as to acquire certain foods or to get to a tree it cannot otherwise reach. Group size is generally between three and nine monkeys, with three to five being most common. Groups often consist of more than one adult of each sex. Adults of both sexes migrate between groups. Groups show some degree of territorial defense. Population densities on Barro Colorado Island in Panama range between 3.6 and 5.7 monkeys per square kilometer, but in other areas the population density can be as much as 20 to 30 monkeys per square kilometer. On average, Geoffroy's tamarin ranges 2061 meters per day. Home range size varies between 9.4 hectares and 32 hectares.

Communication occurs both through vocalization and by visual gestures. Vocalizations that have been recorded include whistles, twitters, trills, loud or soft sharp notes, sneezes and long rasps. Body postures and displays that reveal more of the white coloration, such as standing on hind legs and piloerection, tend to be associated with aggression. Females often signal willingness to mate by rapidly coiling their tails.

Unlike squirrels, which often move through the canopy by climbing and descending vertical tree trunks, Geoffroy's tamarin generally avoids large vertical supports during travel. It prefers to move across thin branches, ascending and descending by long leaps. To the extent Geoffroy's tamarin uses large vertical supports for travel, it uses them most often for ascending rather than descending.

Geoffroy's tamarin generally avoids sympatric small and medium size monkey species such as the white-headed capuchin and the Panamanian night monkey. Avoidance is spatial with respect to the capuchin, and temporal in the case of the night monkey, since Geoffroy's tamarin is only active during daylight hours and the Panamanian night monkey is only active at night. Geoffroy's tamarin is rarely observed in the vicinity of squirrels, although this appears to be the result of the squirrels avoiding interactions with the larger tamarins. Geoffroy's tamarin generally attempts to escape when birds of prey approach, regardless of whether the bird presents a true danger. However, the tamarins ignore one bird of prey, the double-toothed kite, which sometimes follows the tamarins in an apparent effort to feed on small animals disturbed by the tamarins.

The diet of Geoffroy's tamarin is similar to some species of tyrant flycatcher birds in Panama, and they share similar vocalizations. The tamarins may use the flycatcher calls to help find favorable food sources. The flycatchers and tamarins have different patterns of activity, which minimizes competition for similar food sources. The flycatchers are most active shortly after dawn and tend to rest in the middle of the day. The tamarins do not become active until about 45 minutes after full daylight, but remain active for most of the remaining daylight hours until an hour or less before sunset.

### Diet

Geoffroy's tamarin has a varied diet that includes fruits, insects, exudates (gums and saps), and green plant parts. The diet varies seasonally. A study by Paul Garber estimated that the diet was made up of 40% insects, 38% fruit, 14% exudates (almost entirely from *Anacardium excelsum* cashew trees), and 8% other items. Another study, on Barro Colorado Island, showed 60% fruit, 30% insects and 10% green plant parts, including large amounts of elephant ear tree (*Enterolobium cyclocarpum*) sap. Another study showed a diet about equally split between insects (mostly grasshoppers) and fruit. Unlike marmosets, tamarins do not have dentition adapted for gouging trees, so Geoffroy's tamarin eats sap only when it is easily accessible. It generally hunts for insects by making quick movements on thin, flexible supports. In contrast, it generally feeds on sap while clinging to large vertical tree trunks.

In one study, Geoffroy's tamarin drank water from the corollas of *Ochroma limonesis* flowers. However, it is believed to also drink from tree holes, similar to other tamarin species.

## Reproduction

Geoffroy's tamarin can give birth throughout the year, but the birthing peak is from April to June. A single infant or twins can be born, although it is not uncommon for one of the twins to perish within the first few months. The gestation period is believed to be about 145 days, similar to the cottontop tamarin. The interbirth period ranges between 154 and 540 days, with an average of 311 days. The longer interbirth periods occur after twins. Infants weigh between 40 and 50 grams (1.4 and 1.8 oz) and are born fully furred. The infant's fur is colored differently than the parents'; the infant has black fur on the body and tail, with a beige blaze and white face. The infant coloration reduces the visibility of white, which is associated with aggressive displays by the species.

Both polyandrous and polygynous mating occurs, and males contribute heavily to parental care. But typically, only one adult female in a group is reproductively active, and reproductively active females mate with multiple males if given the opportunity. Males carry and groom infants more than females do. Older siblings may also contribute to infant care, although infants prefer to be carried by their parents than their siblings. Infants become mobile at 2 to 5 weeks, and begin eating solid food at 4 to 7 weeks. They are independent at 10 to 18 weeks and are fully weaned at 15 to 25 weeks. Geoffroy's tamarin becomes sexually mature at about 2 years, and can live up to 13 years.

## Distribution and habitat

Geoffroy's tamarin lives in various types of forest, including primary and secondary forest, and dry and moist tropical forest. In Panama, it prefers secondary forests with moderate humidity. It occurs in central and eastern Panama, with the range extending slightly west of the Panama Canal zone and has been observed as far west as Altos de Campana National Park. It is less common on the Atlantic coast of Panama than the Pacific coast, and is only abundant on the Atlantic coast in areas near the Canal zone that have been modified by man. It occurs in Metropolitan Natural Park, an urban park within Panama City. In Colombia, it occurs on the Pacific coast west of the Andes, south to the Rio San Juan. The eastern boundary of its range in Colombia was once thought to be the Rio Atrato, but has been reported further east, including the Las Orquídeas National Natural Park. Older sources sometimes report the species occurring in southern Costa Rica, but these are most likely erroneous.

## Conservation status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies Geoffroy's tamarin as being near threatened. The main threat is deforestation, which is causing population declines in some areas despite its ability to adapt to some modifications of its habitat. It is also sometimes hunted and captured for the pet trade in Panama. A 1985 study in Panama concluded that Geoffroy tamarin population densities are higher in areas where human access is limited. Human activity in Panama can have both positive and negative effects on Geoffroy's-tamarin populations. While hunting decreases the population, cutting mature forest for agriculture provides more areas of secondary growth, which is beneficial for the tamarin.

## InfoBox

| Geoffroy's tamarin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gatun Lake, Panama | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Callitrichidae |
| Genus: | *Saguinus* |
| Species: | ***S. geoffroyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Saguinus geoffroyi***
(Pucheran, 1845) | |
|
|  | |
| Approximate range of the Geoffory's Tamarin | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *salaguiensis* Elliot, 1912 * *spixii* Reichenbach, 1862 | |


title: Triplemanía XIV

abstract: Triplemanía XIV was the fourteenth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 18, 2006 in Naucalpan, Mexico. The Main event featured a Lucha de Apuestas "Mask vs. Mask" match. The two men that put their masks on the line were La Parka and Muerte Cibernética.

text:
# Triplemanía XIV

**Triplemanía XIV** was the fourteenth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 18, 2006 in Naucalpan, Mexico. The Main event featured a *Lucha de Apuestas* "Mask vs. Mask" match. The two men that put their masks on the line were La Parka and Muerte Cibernética.

## Production

### Background

In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to *lucha libre*. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them the recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, later simply known as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the *Televisa* television network AAA held their first show in April 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 2006 Triplemanía was the 14th year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the 19th overall show under the Triplemanía banner.

### Storylines

The Triplemanía XIV show featured seven professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as *rudos* in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (*técnicos* in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | La Parkita, Mascarita Sagrada, and Octagoncito defeated Jerrito Estrada, Mini Abismo Negro, and Mini Chessman | Best two-out-of-three falls six-man "Lucha Libre rules" tag team match |
| 2 | Abismo Negro, Gran Apache, La Diabólica and Tiffany defeated El Alebrije, Billy Boy, Estrellita and Faby Apache | *Relevos Atómicos de Locura* match |
| 3 | The Black Family (Chessman, Cuervo, Escoria and Ozz) (c) vs. *Real Fuerza Aérea* (Laredo Kid, Némesis, Rey Cometa and Super Fly) ended in a no-contest | Best two-out-of-three falls eight-Man "Atómicos" tag team match for the Mexican National Atómicos Championship \- As a result of the no contest the Atómicos title was vacated. |
| 4 | La Fiera, Mocho Cota, Pimpinela Escarlata and Sangre Chicana vs. Cassandro, El Brazo, Espectro, Jr. and Pirata Morgan ended in a no-contest | Best two-out-of-three falls eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match |
| 5 | El Ángel, El Intocable, Octagón and Vampiro defeated *Los Guapos VIP* (Alan Stone, Scorpio Jr., Shocker and Zumbido) | Best two-out-of-three falls eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match |
| 6 | Charly Manson defeated El Zorro (C) | last man standing steel cage *Luchas de Apuestas* "Hair vs. Hair" for the Mexican National Heavyweight Championship. As a result of his loss El Zorro had his head shaved. |
| 7 | La Parka defeated Muerte Cibernética | Best two-out-of-three falls *Lucha de Apuesta*, "Mask vs. Mask" match. As a result Muerte Cibernetica was unmasked and revealed to be Ricky Banderas. |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | |

## InfoBox

| Triplemanía XIV | |
| --- | --- |
| The official logo of Triplemanía XIV | |
| Promotion | AAA |
| Date | June 18, 2006 |
| City | Naucalpan, Mexico |
| Venue | El Toreo |
| Attendance | 18,000 |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Rey de Reyes **Next**
Verano de Escándalo | |
| Triplemanía chronology | |
| **Previous**
XIII **Next**
XV | |


title: Geogepa pedaliota

abstract: Geogepa pedaliota is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

text:
# Geogepa pedaliota

***Geogepa pedaliota*** is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Geogepa pedaliota* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Geogepa* |
| Species: | ***G. pedaliota*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Geogepa pedaliota***<br>(Meyrick, 1936) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Capua pedaliota* Meyrick, 1936 | |


title: Michel Tronchay

abstract: Michel Tronchay was a French Catholic priest, writer, philosopher, and the secretary of French historian Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont. After Tillemont's death, Tronchay completed and published volumes 6–16 of Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique des six premiers siècles, a history of the first six centuries of the Christian church. He also completed and published the final volume 6 of Histoire des empereurs et autres princes qui ont régné pendant les six premiers siècles de l'Église, a history of the Roman Empire. That work was often cited by Edward Gibbon in his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Tronchay published a biography of Tillemont in 1706, Idee de la vie et de T esprit de M. L. de Tillemont, and a history of Port-Royal-des-Champs Abbey titled Histoire abrégée de l'abbaye de PortRoyal. Tronchay was born in Mayenne in October 1668. He died on 30 October 1733.

text:
# Michel Tronchay

**Michel Tronchay** (October 1668 – 30 October 1733) was a French Catholic priest, writer, philosopher, and the secretary of French historian Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont. After Tillemont's death, Tronchay completed and published volumes 6–16 of *Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique des six premiers siècles*, a history of the first six centuries of the Christian church. He also completed and published the final volume 6 of *Histoire des empereurs et autres princes qui ont régné pendant les six premiers siècles de l'Église*, a history of the Roman Empire. That work was often cited by Edward Gibbon in his *Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire*.

Tronchay published a biography of Tillemont in 1706, *Idee de la vie et de T esprit de M. L. de Tillemont*, and a history of Port-Royal-des-Champs Abbey titled *Histoire abrégée de l'abbaye de PortRoyal*.

Tronchay was born in Mayenne in October 1668. He died on 30 October 1733.


title: Michel Twerski

abstract: Michel Twerski is an American Hasidic rabbi and composer of Jewish music. He currently heads the Beth Jehudah congregation in Milwaukee. He is the brother of the psychiatrist Rabbi Abraham J. Twerski. Rabbi Twerski is a descendant of the Chernobyler Hasidic dynasty. He is also known as the Hornosteipler Rebbe of Milwaukee.

text:
# Michel Twerski

**Michel Twerski** (born May 1939) is an American Hasidic rabbi and composer of Jewish music. He currently heads the Beth Jehudah congregation in Milwaukee. He is the brother of the psychiatrist Rabbi Abraham J. Twerski. Rabbi Twerski is a descendant of the Chernobyler Hasidic dynasty. He is also known as the Hornosteipler Rebbe of Milwaukee.

## Family

Rabbi Michel Twerski is married to Rebbitzin Feige Twerski (née Stein), a Jewish author and lecturer.

Rabbi Michel Twerski is a son of Grand Rebbe Jacob Israel Twerski (1898–1973) of Hornosteipel of Milwaukee, Wisconsin a scion of the Chernobyl Hasidic dynasty, and Dvorah Leah Twerski (1900–1995), daughter of Grand Rabbi Ben Zion Halberstam of Bobov. After his father's death, Rabbi Michel succeeded his father as Rebbe of Milwaukee.

Rabbi Michel Twerski is the brother of author, psychiatrist Rabbi Dr. Abraham J. Twerski of Israel, and the twin brother of Professor Aaron Twerski, the Irwin and Jill Cohen Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School, as well as a former Dean at Hofstra University School of Law.

### Children

* Baila Geldzahler, wife of the late Rabbi Eliezer Geldzahler, Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshiva Ohr Yisrael in Canarsie.
* Cookie Spitz.
* Chana Malka Singer, married to R' Dovid Singer.
* Yocheved Weiss.
* Benzion Twerski, assistant rabbi of Congregation Beth Jehudah.
* Ephraim Twerski, Rabbi of Khal Chassidim in Chicago.
* Chumie Ausch
* Chagi Katz, married to R' Chaim Mordechai Katz.
* HaRav Yaakov Moshe Twerski, rabbi in Monsey.
* Mordechai Twerski, rabbi in London.
* BatSheva

## Tributes

Thomas M. Barrett of Wisconsin gave a tribute to Rabbi Twerski in the United States Congress. Rabbi Twerski was honored for his contribution to Jewish life and to the world of music.

The Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra conducted a tribute honoring Rabbi Twerski's musical contributions.

## InfoBox

| Hornosteipler RebbeMichel Twerski | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | May 1939 (age 85)
Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Education | * Hebrew Theological College (Chicago) * Ner Israel Yeshiva (Baltimore) * Beth Hamedrosh Govoha Yeshiva (Lakewood, New Jersey) * Marquette University (Milwaukee) |
| Occupation | Rabbi |
| Organization | Congregation Beth Jehudah |
| Predecessor | Jacob Israel Twerski |
| Spouse | Feige Twerski |
| Children | 11 |
| Relatives | Aaron Twerski (brother)
Abraham J. Twerski (brother) |


title: Michel Tuffery

abstract: Michael "Michel" Cliff Tuffery is a New Zealand artist of Samoan, Tahitian and Cook Islands descent. He is one of New Zealand's most well known artists and his work is held in many art collections in New Zealand and around the world.

text:
# Michel Tuffery

**Michael "Michel" Cliff Tuffery** MNZM (born 27 May 1966) is a New Zealand artist of Samoan, Tahitian and Cook Islands descent. He is one of New Zealand's most well known artists and his work is held in many art collections in New Zealand and around the world.

## Early life

His mother is Samoan Bula Tuffery (nee Paotonu) and his biological father was Cook Island Tahitian. His step father was Denis Tuffery, of European descent.

He attended Newlands College in Wellington, and has a Diploma in Fine Arts (Hons) from the School of Fine Arts at Otago Polytechnic (1989).

He lives and works in Wellington.

## Career

One of his distinctive sculptures from 1994 is the life-sized work, entitled *Pisupo Lua Afe (Corned Beef 2000)*, which was constructed from flattened and riveted re-cycled corned beef tins. His work is shaped by his research into, and encounters with his Polynesian heritage while making use of Māori design. Many of his works explore colonialism and people's treatment of the environment. Renowned as a printmaker, painter and sculptor, Tuffery has gained national and international recognition, and has made a major contribution to New Zealand art.

In 1998, Ian George curated *Paringa Ou*, the first major exhibition of contemporary art by Cook Island artists residing in New Zealand featuring artists such as Ani O'Neill, Sylvia Marsters, Mahiriki Tangaroa, Michel Tuffery, Jim Vivieaere, Ian George, and Kay George, the exhibition travelled to the National Museum in Fiji, Cook Islands National Museum, as well as Gus Fisher Gallery in Auckland, New Zealand. The exhibition was sponsored by the New Zealand High Commission.

## Awards

He was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to art, in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours. In 2010 he was awarded the Contemporary Pacific Art Award at the Creative New Zealand Arts Pasifka Awards, while in 2020 he received the Senior Pacific Artist Award from the same organisation.

## List of works and exhibitions

Tuffery has exhibited extensively in New Zealand and internationally.

* 2022 *Te Atuitanga - Between our Cloak of Stars*, Bergman Gallery, Auckland
* 2015 *World War I Remembered: A Light and Sound Show*, multi-media installation with Ngataiharuru Taepa, Pukeahu National War Memorial Park, Wellington
* 2013 *Made in Oceania: Tapa – Art and Social Landscapes*, Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, Germany
* 2012 *Michel Tuffery at Volta*, BCA Gallery (now Bergman Gallery), VOLTA New York, New York, United States of America
* 2012 *First Contact*, multi-media work for the opening of the 2012 New Zealand International Arts Festival
* 2012 *Siamani Samoa*, Pataka Museum and Gallery, Porirua
* 2012 *50 Years of Friendship: New Zealand & Samoa*, commemorative NZ coin design issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
* 2010: *MANUIA*, BCA Gallery (now Bergman Gallery), the American Indian Community House, New York, United States of America
* 2003 *Voyages*, The Lane Gallery, Auckland
* 2003 *Animated Effigy*, MacKay Art Gallery, North Queensland
* 2002 *Mata Mata*, Toi o Tamaki, Auckland City Art Gallery
* 2002 *Diaspora - Art of the Asia Pacific*, Portfolio Gallery, Auckland
* 2002 *Pasifika*, The Lane Gallery, Auckland
* 2001 *Asiasi*, Jane Land Gallery, Wellington
* 2001 *Out of the Blue*, Hawkes Bay Exhibitions Centre, Hastings
* 1999 *O le Vasa Loloto ma le Laloa*, Christchurch
* 1999 *Povi Lua Noumea*, and *Faga Ofe E'a*, in collaboration with artist Patrice Kaikilekofe, New Caledonia
* 1998 *Recent Works*, Portfolio Gallery, Auckland
* 1998 *Paringa Ou*, Fiji Museum, Fiji
* 1998 *Testing Traditions*, Aotea Centre, Auckland
* 1997 *Pacific Diaries*, Hogarth Gallery, Sydney
* 1997 *Common Ground*, Page 90 Art Gallery, Taranaki
* 1996 *7th Festival of Pacific Arts* group exhibition, Samoa
* 1994 *Bottled Ocean* City Gallery Wellington and touring
* 1994 *Woodcuts on Tapa*, Claybrook Gallery, Auckland
* 1994 *Pisupo Lua Afe*, Wellington
* 1994 *Povi Tau Vaga - The Challenge*, Wellington
* 1990 *Anti Drift Net Series*, ASA Gallery, Auckland
* 1990 *Te Moemoea no Iotefa*, Sarjeant Art Gallery, Whanganui
* 1990 *Three Polynesian Artists*, Robert McDougall Art Gallery, Christchurch
* 1989 *Tautai Artists*, Gallery 33 1/3 and Louise Beale Gallery, Wellington

## InfoBox

| Michel Tuffery | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Michael Cliff Tuffery
(1966-05-27) 27 May 1966
Newlands, Wellington, New Zealand |
| Nationality | New Zealander |
| Education | 1980–85 ‘A’ Bursary, Newlands College, Wellington |
| Alma mater | 2014 Master of Fine Arts (Honorary), School of Fine Arts, Otago Polytechnic, Dunedin, | 1990 Mānoa School of Fine Arts, University of Hawaiʻi, United States 1986–89 Bachelor of Fine Arts Printmaking (Hons), School of Fine Arts, Otago Polytechnic |
| Movement | Contemporary art, abstract expressionism |


title: Trivirostra dekkeri

abstract: Trivirostra dekkeri is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

text:
# Trivirostra dekkeri

***Trivirostra dekkeri*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Trivirostra dekkeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Triviidae |
| Genus: | *Trivirostra* |
| Species: | ***T. dekkeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trivirostra dekkeri***<br>Fehse & Grego, 2009 | |
|


title: Trivirostra edgari

abstract: Trivirostra edgari is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

text:
# Trivirostra edgari

***Trivirostra edgari*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

## Etymology

1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Trivirostra edgari (Shaw, 1909)".

## InfoBox

| *Trivirostra edgari* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Triviidae |
| Genus: | *Trivirostra* |
| Species: | ***T. edgari*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trivirostra edgari***<br>Shaw, 1909 | |
|


title: Trofimov Reaction

abstract: In organic chemistry, the Trofimov Reaction is a reaction used to synthesize [2,3] disubstituted pyrroles from ketoximes and acetylene using the superbase medium potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction is named after Boris Trofimov who first reported it in the 1970's.

text:
# Trofimov Reaction

In organic chemistry, the **Trofimov Reaction** is a reaction used to synthesize \[2,3\] disubstituted pyrroles from ketoximes and acetylene using the superbase medium potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction is named after Boris Trofimov who first reported it in the 1970's.

## Mechanism

The mechanism begins with the deprotonation of the ketoxime by potassium hydroxide. The negative charge on the oxygen can then attack the acetylene. This forms the O-vinylketoxime which can tautomerize to a vinyl hydroxylamine. The molecule then undergoes a \[3,3\]-sigmatropic rearrangement to from an aldehyde-imine intermediate. The lone pair on the imine can then attack the carbonyl. Water is then lost forming an alkene. The final pyrrole is then formed by a \[1,3\] sigmatropic rearrangement.

## Synthetic Applications

The Trofimov reaction is a powerful reaction for building pyrroles in total synthesis. The starting ketoxime can be prepared simply by condensing hydroxylamine on a ketone. Starting from a ketone allows for a wide range of starting materials as ketones are one of the most common functional groups in organic chemistry. The condensation reaction can be shown below:

After the condensation, the pyrrole formation can proceed as normal.

The Trofimov reaction can produce both N-H and N-vinyl pyrroles depending on the reaction conditions used. The N-vinyl pyrrole can be formed by the deprotonation of the pyrrole nitrogen which then attacks a second acetylene molecule. In general, higher temperatures, pressures, and higher concentrations of base favor the formation of the N-vinyl product.

### Examples

The Trofimov reaction was used to build N-vinylpyrrolocholestene. Starting from 5-Cholesten-3-one, hydroxylamine was condensed onto the ketone, forming the intermediate ketoxime. The ketoxime was then reacted with KOH and acetylene in DMSO at high temperature and pressure. Only one regioisomer was observed. In this case, the reaction conditions were sufficient to form the N-vinyl pyrrole

2-mesityl-3-methylpyrrole was synthesized in 2004 via the Trofimov reaction. The reaction of the ketoxime with acetylene yielded a mixture of products with the primary one being the N-H pyrrole. Small amounts of the N-vinyl product were also observed as well as O-vinylketoxime. The N-vinyl product was then used in the synthesis of a new BODIPY.

## Variations

In 2005 a version of the Trofimov reaction was reported where both the hydroxylamine condensation and pyrrole formation occur in one pot. This variation uses the hydroxylamine HCl salt rather than hydroxylamine and sodium bicarbonate to perform the condensation onto a ketone. After the condensation, the reaction is warmed to 100 °C and the atmosphere in the flask is changed to acetylene. KOH is then added to form the pyrrole.

## InfoBox

| Trofimov Reaction | |
| --- | --- |
| Named after | Boris Trofimov |
| Reaction type | Ring forming reaction |
|  | |


title: Triraphideae

abstract: Triraphideae is a small tribe of tropical grasses, containing about 15 species in three or four genera. Like most of the subfamily Chloridoideae, species in the tribe use the C4 photosynthetic pathway.

text:
# Triraphideae

**Triraphideae** is a small tribe of tropical grasses, containing about 15 species in three or four genera. Like most of the subfamily Chloridoideae, species in the tribe use the C4 photosynthetic pathway.

## Genera

Three genera were included in a 2015 classification of the Poaceae:

As of April 2024, GRIN Taxonomy included a fourth genus:

Data related to Triraphideae at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| Triraphideae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Triraphis mollis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| *Clade*: | PACMAD clade |
| Subfamily: | Chloridoideae |
| Tribe: | Triraphideae
P.M. Peterson (2010) |
|
| Genera | |
| See text. | |
| Synonyms | |
| Triraphidinae Stapf (1917) | |


title: Michelle Brownlee

abstract: Michelle F. Brownlee is a politician from the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, she was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 195th district until her resignation after pleading guilty to felony conflict of interest charges on June 8, 2015.

text:
# Michelle Brownlee

**Michelle F. Brownlee** is a politician from the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, she was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 195th district until her resignation after pleading guilty to felony conflict of interest charges on June 8, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Michelle F. Brownlee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 195th district | |
| **In office**
January 4, 2011  June 8, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Frank L. Oliver |
| Succeeded by | Donna Bullock |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | John |
| Residence | Philadelphia |
|  | |


title: Michelle Brunner

abstract: Michelle Brunner was a British bridge player, writer and teacher. She was a member of the British team that won the 1985 Venice Cup, the biennial world championship for women national teams. She also finished second once and third twice in the quadriennial World Team Olympiad, women flight. As of September 2011 she held historic rank 24 among European Grand Masters, Women category.

text:
# Michelle Brunner

**Michelle Brunner** (31 December 1953 – 24 June 2011) was a British bridge player, writer and teacher. She was a member of the British team that won the 1985 Venice Cup, the biennial world championship for women national teams.

She also finished second once and third twice in the quadriennial World Team Olympiad, women flight. As of September 2011 she held historic rank 24 among European Grand Masters, Women category. (Female players commonly have rankings and may be grand masters in the open category too.)

## Death

Brunner was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in 2007 and died on 24 June 2011 at age 57.

## Early life

Born in London, Brunner attended the Henrietta Barnett School in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London, where she learned and practised her bridge playing skills during her sixth form years.

Following this, she went to Manchester University where she read Italian and French, but her increasing involvement in bridge meant that she left without getting her degree to work in the travel industry for Thomas Cook for seventeen years. At university, she met and played with John Holland, who would also become an international player. He soon became her partner in life as well as in bridge, and they married in 2008.

## Bridge career

Brunner was a World Bridge Federation Life Master and an English Bridge Union (EBU) Premier Grand Master.

Her Venice Cup win in 1985 was achieved as partner to Gill Scott-Jones on the Great Britain team. However the pair did not play enough boards to qualify for the title of World Champions. In 1980 she and Pat Davies were part of the Great Britain team that finished third in the World Team Olympiad, but the pair did not play enough boards to qualify for bronze medals.

In 1988 the Great Britain team finished second and Brunner, as partner to Sandra Landy, did earn the silver medal. In 2004, she was part of the England team in the Olympiad which finished third, and received a bronze medal partnering Rhona Goldenfield.

In mixed and women's events she won gold and bronze medals in the Common Market Championships and gold, silver and bronze in the European Championships. Partnering John Holland, she was part of three England teams which won the Camrose Trophy. Brunner was also in winning teams in the Lady Milne competition, the equivalent of the Camrose Trophy for women teams, on seven occasions.

She turned professional in 1995, when she launched her Mobile School of Bridge. Brunner taught beginning and intermediate players until 2006. She did private teaching, as well as offering her services as a professional partner. As well as writing articles for bridge magazines, she wrote two books. According to Tom Townsend, she was "one of Manchester's best-loved teachers and players".

## Publications

Books * Brunner, Michelle (2000). *Acol Bidding for Improvers*. Bridge with Brunner. London: B. T. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-8625-4. OCLC 45690140. 192 pp.
* Brunner, Michelle (2003). *Acol Bidding for Budding Experts*. Bridge with Brunner. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-8799-2. LCCN 2003283585. OCLC 51108253. 192 pp.

Pamphlets


title: Trodigal Halt railway station

abstract: Trodigal Halt was a railway station situated at the road crossing near East Trodigal Farm and close to Machrihanish, Argyll and Bute. The Argyll Colliery with its rail connection was nearby. The Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway was a 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) narrow gauge railway in Kintyre, Scotland, between the towns of Campbeltown and Machrihanish.

text:
# Trodigal Halt railway station

**Trodigal Halt** was a railway station situated at the road crossing near East Trodigal Farm and close to Machrihanish, Argyll and Bute. The Argyll Colliery with its rail connection was nearby. The Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway was a 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) narrow gauge railway in Kintyre, Scotland, between the towns of Campbeltown and Machrihanish.

## History

The station had no platforms and was located at a site where the train had to slow before crossing the road.

Upgraded from a coal carrying mineral lined and opened for passenger traffic in 1906, the railway did not have stations as such, just places where the train halted to pick up passengers. Many of the passengers were day trippers from Glasgow as a turbine steamer would bring passengers to Campbeltown early enough to catch a train to Machrihanish and allow a return journey all in one day.

Only three other passenger-carrying lines in the UK operated on the same gauge, all of them in Wales - the Corris Railway, the short-lived Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway and the Talyllyn Railway.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Machrihanish Farm Halt |  | Campbeltown to Machrihanish
Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway |  | Machrihanish |

* Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). *The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present* (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.

## Further reading

* Farr, A. D. (1967). *The Campbeltown & Machrihanish Light Railway* The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-351-6
* Macmillan, Nigel S.C. (1970). *The Campbeltown & Machrihanish Light Railway.* Newton Abbot : David & Charles.

## InfoBox

| Trodigal Halt railway Station | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Machrihanish, Argyll and Bute
Scotland |
| Coordinates | 55°25′18″N 5°42′47″W / 55.4218°N 5.7130°W / 55.4218; -5.7130 |
| Grid reference | NR6513120490 |
| Platforms | None |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 16 August 1906 | Station opened |
| November 1931 | Station closed |
| January 1932 | Station re-opened |
| May 1932 | Station closed to passengers |
| 1934 | Track lifted |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Trod

abstract: A Trod in the west of England is a straight line or fairy path in the grass of a field with a different shade of green from the rest. Great danger was associated with using these paths when a supernatural procession was using them. Fairy rings have certain elements in common with this phenomenon. People with rheumatism sought relief by walking along these paths; however animals were thought to actively avoid them.

text:
# Trod

A **Trod** in the west of England is a straight line or fairy path in the grass of a field with a different shade of green from the rest. Great danger was associated with using these paths when a supernatural procession was using them. Fairy rings have certain elements in common with this phenomenon. People with rheumatism sought relief by walking along these paths; however animals were thought to actively avoid them.


title: Geordy Black

abstract: "Geordy Black", also known as "Geordie Black" and "I'm Going Down the Hill" is a 19th-century Geordie folk song by Rowland "Rowley" Harrison, in a style deriving from music hall. The song tells the tale of an old miner, reminiscing on his experiences. Harrison would routinely dress as Geordie Black when performing the song on stage.

text:
# Geordy Black

**"Geordy Black"**, also known as **"Geordie Black"** and **"I'm Going Down the Hill"** is a 19th-century Geordie folk song by Rowland "Rowley" Harrison, in a style deriving from music hall.

The song tells the tale of an old miner, reminiscing on his experiences. Harrison would routinely dress as Geordie Black when performing the song on stage.

## Lyrics

Maw nyem is Geordy Black, aw'm gettin' varry awd,
Aa've hewed tons o' coals i' maw time;
An' when aw wes yung, aw cud either put or hew,
Oot o' uther lads aw always tyuk the shine.
Aw'm gannin' doon the hill, aw cannet use the pick,
The maister hes pity on aud bones;
Aw'm noo on the bank; aw pass maw time away
Amang the bits o' lads wi' pickin' oot the stones.
Chorus
Maw nyem is Geordy Black,
In maw time aw've been a crack,
Aw've worked byeth i' the Gyuss an' i' the Betty,
An' the coals upon the Tyne oot o' uthers tyek the shine,
An' we lick them a' for iron doon at Hawks's.
When aw was a bairn, carried on my fethur's back,
He wad tyek me away te the pit;
An' gettin' T the cage, an' gannin' doon belaw,
Twas eneuf te myek a yungster tyek a fit.
Te sit an' keep a door, 'midst darkness an' gloom,
Ay, monny an 'oor be me-sel;
An' hear the awful shots that rummel'd throo the pit,
An' lumps o' roondy coal cum doon pell-mell.
Chorus
Aa'll bid ye a' gud neet, it's nearly time te lowse;
Aw shure aw've tried te please ye ivery one,
Yung lads that's here the neet, mind de the thing that's reet,
In this world that's the way te get on.
But here's success to trade, byeth on the Wear an' Tees!
Aw dinnet like te see places slack;
For if wor pit lies idle, ne coal cums te day,
It greeves the heart o' poor Geordy Black.

## Variant versions

As this was a very popular song, it appeared in numerous editions. The many versions published show considerable variations in the spelling of the words, including:

aa, aw and I
aad and awd
aad, aud and old
aaful and awful
aa'm and aw'm
a'and aal
always and aalways
bairn and just a lad
baith and byeth
coal and coals
come and cum
dinnet and divent\>
'em and them
eneuf and enough
father and fethur\>
Geordie Black and Geordy Black
good and gud
greeves and grieves
i' and in
just a lad and yung
ma, maw, me and my
monny and mony
name and nyem
o' and of
others and uther lads
pass and while
roond the pit and throo the pit
rummel'd and rummelled
tak, yyek and tyuk
varry and very
warked and worked
warld and world
youngster and yungster

**Specific differences**

Verse 3, line 1 - "Aa'll bid ye a' gud neet" is replaced "Noo aa'll say good neet"
Verse 3, line 1 - "Aw shure aw've tried te please" is replaced by "An' aa've done me best te please"
Verse 3, line 6 - "te see places slack" changed to "te see the place se slack"
Verse 3, line 7 - "ne coal cums te day" changed to "ne pay-note comes teneet"

## Publication

A small book of over 50 pages and sized about 5” x 7½” (125mm x 190mm) entitled *Rowland Harrison’s Tyneside Songs* containing local songs composed by Harrison (and with an illustrative sketch of "Geordy Black", was published around 1871. It includes "Geordie Black" and many other songs.

In modern times, the song also appears on the compact disc *The Bonnie Gateshead Lass - Gateshead Songs* by various artists on MWM Records (reference MWMCDSP43).

## InfoBox

| "Geordy Black" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Rowland “Rowley” Harrison | |
| Language | English (Geordie) |
| Written | 1800s |
| Composer(s) | Unknown |
| Lyricist(s) | Rowland “Rowley” Harrison |


title: Geordie in Wonderland (album)

abstract: Geordie in Wonderland is a live album by British rock band The Wildhearts. Recorded on 17 September 2005 at Scarborough Castle in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, it was produced by Roger Lomas and released on 24 July 2006 by Secret Records. The album reached number 34 on the UK Independent Albums Chart. A corresponding video album was released under the title Live at Scarborough Castle on 23 October 2006, which reached number 42 on the UK Music Video Chart.

text:
# Geordie in Wonderland (album)

***Geordie in Wonderland*** is a live album by British rock band The Wildhearts. Recorded on 17 September 2005 at Scarborough Castle in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, it was produced by Roger Lomas and released on 24 July 2006 by Secret Records. The album reached number 34 on the UK Independent Albums Chart. A corresponding video album was released under the title ***Live at Scarborough Castle*** on 23 October 2006, which reached number 42 on the UK Music Video Chart.

## Background

In the summer of 2005, the 1993–1994 lineup of the Wildhearts (Ginger Wildheart, C. J. Wildheart, Danny McCormack and Ritch Battersby) reformed for a one-off performance at In the Castle, a festival held at Scarborough Castle in Scarborough, North Yorkshire on 17 September 2005. The band's full 15-song performance was documented on the album *Geordie in Wonderland* released by Secret Records on 24 July 2006, followed by the corresponding Secret Films video *Live at Scarborough Castle* on 23 October 2006. In 2014, Secret reissued the album and video together as a CD+DVD set entitled *Mad, Bad and Dangerous to Know*. The album was also issued on vinyl for the first time in 2018 under the title *Best of Live*, with "Nita Nitro", "Everlone", "My Baby Is a Headfuck" and "Love You Til I Don't" removed.

## Reception

### Commercial

*Geordie in Wonderland* reached number 34 on the UK Independent Albums Chart and *Live at Scarborough Castle* reached number 42 on the UK Music Videos Chart.

### Critical

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles* | 7.0 |

*Geordie in Wonderland* received mixed reviews from critics. In a 3.5-star review for AllMusic, Greg Prato claimed that "The set does a fine job of capturing the group's powerful yet sleazy hard rock ... *Geordie in Wonderland* doesn't disappoint". *Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles* writer Mark Gromen awarded the album a rating of 7 out of 10, writing that "Nearly half the 15 songs are culled from their stellar *Earth vs the Wildhearts* debut, delivered in a pseudo-sloppy, rapid-fire rockabilly-meets-punk manner", suggesting that Ginger Wildheart's vocal performance on the album is "hoarse-voiced \[and\] off-kilter".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Ginger Wildheart; track 5 co-written by C. J. Wildheart

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Wanna Go Where the People Go" | 5:10 |
| 2. | "Sick of Drugs" | 4:37 |
| 3. | "Greetings from Shitsville" | 4:15 |
| 4. | "Nita Nitro" | 3:54 |
| 5. | "Stormy in the North, Karma in the South" | 3:09 |
| 6. | "TV Tan" | 4:23 |
| 7. | "Nothing Ever Changes but the Shoes" | 5:02 |
| 8. | "Everlone" | 6:46 |
| 9. | "Geordie in Wonderland" | 3:11 |
| 10. | "Vanilla Radio" | 3:08 |
| 11. | "Caffeine Bomb" | 3:35 |
| 12. | "Suckerpunch" | 3:07 |
| 13. | "My Baby Is a Headfuck" | 4:44 |
| 14. | "29 x the Pain" | 3:26 |
| 15. | "Love You Til I Don't" | 5:35 |
| Total length: | | 64:02 |

## Personnel

**The Wildhearts**

**Additional personnel**

* Roger Lomas – production, engineering, mixing, mastering
* Meurig Rees – design
* Tabatha Fireman – photography

## Charts

Chart performance for *Geordie in Wonderland* and *Live at Scarborough Castle*
| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| *Geordie in Wonderland* | |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 34 |
| *Live at Scarborough Castle* | |
| UK Music Videos (OCC) | 42 |

## InfoBox

| Geordie in Wonderland | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by The Wildhearts | |
| Released | 24 July 2006 (2006-07-24) |
| Recorded | 17 September 2005 |
| Venue | Scarborough Castle
(Scarborough, England) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 64:02 |
| Label | Secret |
| Producer | Roger Lomas |
| The Wildhearts chronology | |
| *The Wildhearts Strike Back*
(2004) ***Geordie in Wonderland***
(2006) *The Wildhearts*
(2007) | |


title: Michèle Desbordes

abstract: Michèle Desbordes was a French writer. A curator of university libraries, she received several awards for her story La Demande devoted to Leonardo da Vinci.

text:
# Michèle Desbordes

**Michèle Desbordes** (4 August 1940, Saint-Cyr-en-Val (Loiret) – 24 January 2006, Baule (Loiret), aged 65) was a French writer. A curator of university libraries, she received several awards for her story *La Demande* devoted to Leonardo da Vinci.

## Biography

After studying literature at the Sorbonne, she became a curator in libraries in Parisian universities, then in Guadeloupe in public readings. In 1994, she was appointed director of the University Library of Orléans. From her home in Baule she wrote poems and novels.

## Works

* 1986: *Sombres dans la ville où elles se taisent* (poetry), Arcane 17
* 1997: *L'Habituée*, Éditions Verdier
* 1999: *La Demande*, Verdier
* 2000: *Le Commandement*, Gallimard
* 2001: *Le Lit de la mer*, Gallimard
* 2004: *La Robe bleue*, Verdier, inspired by the story of Camille Claudel
* 2004: *Dans le temps qu'il marchait*, éditions Laurence Teper
* 2005: *Un été de glycine*, Verdier
* 2006: *L'Emprise*, Verdier
* 2006: *Artemisia et autres proses*, éditions Laurence Teper
* 2008: *Les Petites Terres*, éditions Verdier

## Distinctions

For her work *La Demande*, 1999.:


title: Michigan Ultras

abstract: The Michigan Ultras is the Michigan Wolverines men's and women's soccer student section. The section consists of over 900 members and provides a distinct game-time atmosphere. The section is located in the student bleachers of the U-M Soccer Complex and is a registered official student organization with the University of Michigan.

text:
# Michigan Ultras

The **Michigan Ultras** is the Michigan Wolverines men's and women's soccer student section. The section consists of over 900 members and provides a distinct game-time atmosphere. The section is located in the student bleachers of the U-M Soccer Complex and is a registered official student organization with the University of Michigan.

## History

The Michigan Ultras was officially founded in the spring of 2010 by Matthew Peven. Possessing an ever-growing fanbase, their members are known for their loyal dedication in supporting the men's and women's soccer teams by creating an exciting and intimidating atmosphere through organized chanting and cheering. Additionally, they aim at creating a unified campus group that is founded in a love for soccer.

## Traditions

Since its beginning, the Ultras are known for various chants that have been developed and passed down over the section's history. The chants are often improvised within the duration of a match, and they carry on throughout the rest of the season. Several of their classic chants can be found on their YouTube page and website. There are also members that are dedicated to playing drums or cowbells at every match. For bigger games, the Ultras will host marches across campus to the soccer complex, carrying banners and flags. Consistent members receive a shirt and scarf for attending a certain number of soccer matches during the season.

Post season, the Ultras are also known for hosting intramural teams, guest lectures, FIFA tournaments, and watch parties for big international soccer matches to help promote soccer awareness across campus.


title: Tribulus macrocarpus

abstract: Tribulus macrocarpus is a species of flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae, which is found to the central north of Western Australia, and southern inland Northern Territory and northern South Australia. It was first described by George Bentham in 1863 from a specimen collected by Francis Thomas Gregory from Nicol Bay. An holotype (K000725223) collected by Gregory is held at Kew. The specific epithet, macrocarpus, is derived from two Greek roots/words, macro- and -carpus,, and describes the plant as having large fruits.

text:
# Tribulus macrocarpus

***Tribulus macrocarpus*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae, which is found to the central north of Western Australia, and southern inland Northern Territory and northern South Australia.

It was first described by George Bentham in 1863 from a specimen collected by Francis Thomas Gregory from Nicol Bay. An holotype (K000725223) collected by Gregory is held at Kew. The specific epithet, *macrocarpus*, is derived from two Greek roots/words, *macro-* ("large", "great") and *-carpus*, ("-fruit" / "-fruited"), and describes the plant as having large fruits.

## Conservation status

Under West Australian conservation laws it is deemed to be "not threatened".

## InfoBox

| *Tribulus macrocarpus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Zygophyllales |
| Family: | Zygophyllaceae |
| Genus: | *Tribulus* |
| Species: | ***T. macrocarpus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tribulus macrocarpus***<br>(Muell.) Benth. | |
|


title: Tropical Grasslands (journal)

abstract: Tropical Grasslands was a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Tropical Grassland Society of Australia which was formed in 1963. The journal was established in 1967 and was discontinued in 2010 when the Tropical Grassland Society of Australia closed due to declining membership. It covered ecological and agricultural aspects of grasslands. Archived digital copies of articles are available for free online. The founding editor-in-chief was N.H. Shaw and the final editor was Lyle Winks. In 2012, a new peer-reviewed scientific journal, Tropical Grasslands – Forrajes Tropicales, covering research on tropical pastures and forages was established as an initiative of scientists from Australia and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. It succeeds the Spanish-only journal Pasturas Tropicales, published from 1979 to 2007, and Tropical Grasslands. Lyle Winks, the former editor of Tropical Grasslands, is the new journal's English editor; Rainer Schultze-Kraft is in charge of submissions in Spanish.

text:
# Tropical Grasslands (journal)

***Tropical Grasslands*** was a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Tropical Grassland Society of Australia which was formed in 1963. The journal was established in 1967 and was discontinued in 2010 when the Tropical Grassland Society of Australia closed due to declining membership. It covered ecological and agricultural aspects of grasslands. Archived digital copies of articles are available for free online. The founding editor-in-chief was N.H. Shaw and the final editor was Lyle Winks.

In 2012, a new peer-reviewed scientific journal, *Tropical Grasslands – Forrajes Tropicales*, covering research on tropical pastures and forages was established as an initiative of scientists from Australia and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. It succeeds the Spanish-only journal *Pasturas Tropicales*, published from 1979 to 2007, and *Tropical Grasslands*. Lyle Winks, the former editor of *Tropical Grasslands*, is the new journal's English editor; Rainer Schultze-Kraft is in charge of submissions in Spanish.

## InfoBox

*Tropical Grasslands*
| Discipline | Grassland ecology |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | a . khan |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1967-2010 |
| Publisher | Tropical Grassland Society of Australia (Australia) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Trop. Grassl.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | TRGRB4 |
| ISSN | 0049-4763
 |
| LCCN | 88647836 |
| OCLC no. | 1767784 |
|  | |


title: Trixter

abstract: Trixter is an American glam metal band formed in 1983 in Paramus, New Jersey. The band gained popularity in the early 1990s with hits like "Give It To Me Good" that peaked at sixty-five on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1990 and "One In A Million". Despite lineup changes and a hiatus in the late '90s, Trixter has maintained a presence in the rock scene through tours and occasional album releases.

text:
# Trixter

**Trixter** is an American glam metal band formed in 1983 in Paramus, New Jersey. The band gained popularity in the early 1990s with hits like "Give It To Me Good" that peaked at sixty-five on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1990 and "One In A Million". Despite lineup changes and a hiatus in the late '90s, Trixter has maintained a presence in the rock scene through tours and occasional album releases.

## Career

### Early years

Trixter was formed in June 1983 in Paramus, New Jersey, United States, by Steve Brown (who was then twelve years old) and Doug "Dougie C." Cowie. Originally known as Rade, Brown and Cowie, they added drummer Mike Pane, and later singer Pete Loran to round out the lineup. After a single concert, Pane was replaced with Mark "Gus" Scott, and the band changed its name to Trixter. By 1986, Trixter was a constant fixture on the concert scene, quickly growing a fan base on the strength of their live shows. By 1987, Trixter was performing to sold-out crowds, playing with acts like Kix and Skid Row. In addition to their live success, the band found themselves being courted by several major record labels. In 1988, Trixter began recording at Bear Tracks Studios in New York with engineer Nelson Ayers, most notable for recording Guns N' Roses' *Appetite For Destruction*, on what was intended to become their first studio album titled "Just Having Fun". The album was never released, and in November 1988, founding member Dougie C. was replaced with local bassist PJ Farley. In May 1989, the band landed a deal with MCA Records.

### Debut album and tour

In September 1989, the band went to Hollywood to record their debut album with producer Bill Wray. Songs from the 1988 recording session including "Ride the Whip" and "Only Young Once" made it to the new album. *Trixter* was released in May 1990 with the song "Line of Fire" as the single for rock radio. The song slowly climbed the charts, reaching No.1 on Z-Rocks Top 100 by July 1990. Along with the release of the album, Trixter also filmed their first video for the song "Give It to Me Good". In September, the band headed out on a nationwide tour and after two weeks they landed the opening slot for Stryper. In mid-October, Trixter joined Don Dokken for another tour around the USA. It was on this tour that MTV added the video for "Give It to Me Good". Within one week, the video was No.1 on the Dial MTV top ten video countdown. The video stayed No.1 for five weeks straight.

In December 1990, Trixter filmed the video for the second single, "One in a Million", at a sold-out show in Rockland County, New York. The band also recorded a song, "One Mo Time", for the film *If Looks Could Kill*. The song featured Edgar Winter on saxophone. By January 1991, the record was selling 20,000 units per week. The video for "One in a Million" went No.1 on MTV for three weeks. The album peaked at No.28 on Billboard's Top 200 Album chart, and the single for "Give it to Me Good" was a Top 50 hit on Billboard's Top 100 Singles chart. Trixter did their first-ever arena shows opening for Poison and then headed out on a five-month North American tour with the German rockers Scorpions. In February, the band flew to Daytona, Florida to do MTV's Spring Break, and their debut album went Gold soon after. In April 1991, Trixter played their hometown Meadowlands Arena, where they were presented with gold albums at a special after-show party. In May, they filmed the video for the third single, "Surrender". In June 1991, Trixter started the "Blood, Sweat & Beers" tour with Warrant and FireHouse. Around this time, the popular rock magazine *Metal Edge* dedicated an entire issue to the band, "The Trixter Color Spectacular". The video and single for "Surrender" were released and once again the video went to No.1 on MTV for two weeks and the single went Top 100 in *Billboard*.

In September 1991, the Blood, Sweat & Beers tour was filmed for a pay-per-view special. October marked the end of the Trixter touring cycle for the debut album. In January 1992, Trixter began pre-production on their second album. Also during that time, the band renegotiated their record deal and were signed directly to MCA Records. Trixter chose James "Jimbo" Barton of Rush and Queensrÿche fame to produce. Recording for the new album, *Hear!*, was from April to August 1992.

### Second album and later years

The band's second album, *Hear!*, was released in October 1992 and Trixter began a second North American tour, opening for Kiss. "Road of a Thousand Dreams" was released as a radio single. In January 1993, they shot a video for the next single, "Rockin Horse", and began a headlining club tour called The "Hear Club for Men" tour. *Hear!* did well in Japan, so the band was invited over to do two shows: One in Osaka at Moda Hall and the second in Kawasaki at Club Citta. Trixter finished the Hear! tour in late June 1993 at Milwaukee's Summerfest.

*Hear!* failed to capture the attention of the MTV audience, as the Seattle grunge movement had all but killed the market for Trixter's outdated style of 80s pop metal. This led to the band being dropped by MCA Records and their management severing ties.

In 1994, the band recorded the *Undercovers* EP in Steve Brown's home studio. This was a CD of all cover songs that was released in October 1994 on the indie label Backstreet Records.

In 1999, the band was featured on VH-1's *Where Are They Now* and in 2000 they were voted No.29 on VH-1's *Top 40 Hair Band Countdown*.

### Reuniting for the Give It to You Good tour

Steve Brown announced on December 1, 2007 that Trixter would be reuniting in 2008 for the Give It to You Good tour. In 2008, Pete Loran called the 2 Music Geeks and discussed Trixter's 2008 touring plans and the production of a new live album.\[1\] The reunited Trixter played a total of five dates in 2008, beginning with an appearance at the Rocklahoma festival in July and ending with a sold-out headlining performance in November, their first hometown NJ show in over 13 years. On March 27, 2009, Trixter performed at the Crazy Donkey in Farmingdale, New York. Trixter released a new album in 2012 called *New Audio Machine*.

After thirteen years, 2008 had all the members of the "classic" lineup on the worldwide concert circuit once again. Since reforming the band has released *Alive in Japan*, a live concert CD featuring two new songs and a *Best Of* CD with all the hits remastered. On November 28, 2008, Trixter returned home to New Jersey for a homecoming show at Dexter's Entertainment Complex in Riverdale, New Jersey. Trixter also appeared on the cover of the *EC Rocker* magazine along with a feature story in North Jersey's biggest newspaper, *The Record*. On February 20, 2009, Trixter and Dokken sold out The Grizzly Rose in Denver, Colorado.

In 2016, it was disclosed that Trixter would appear at the three-day Rockingham 2016 melodic/hard rock festival, held in Nottingham, England. They headlined on Friday, October 21.

## Band members

Steve BrownP.J. Farley

### Current

* Steve Brown – lead guitar, harmonica (1983–1995, 2007–2017, 2021–present), lead vocals, rhythm guitar (2021–present), backing vocals (1983–1995, 2007–2017)
* P. J. Farley – bass guitar, backing vocals (1988–1995, 2007–2017, 2021–present)
* Ben Hans – drums, percussion (2021–present)

### Former

* Pete Loran – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1983–1995, 2007–2017)
* Douglas "Dougie C." Cowie – bass guitar, backing vocals (1983–1988)
* Mike Pane – drums (1983–1984)
* Mark "Gus" Scott – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1984–1995, 2007–2017)
* Michael "Mike" Luciano – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1995)
* Tom Coombs – drums, percussion, backing vocals
* Jamie "Animal" Dimare – bass guitar

### Session

### Timeline

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Chart Positions | Certification | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | | |
| *Trixter* |  | 28 |  | * US: 500,000 |
| *Hear!* | * Released: October 13, 1992 * Label: MCA * Formats: CD, CS, LP, DL | 109 |  | * US: 100,000 |
| *Undercovers* | * Released: November 15, 1994 * Label: Backstreet * Formats: CD, CS, DL |  |  |  |
| *New Audio Machine* | * Released: April 24, 2012 * Label: Frontiers * Formats: CD, DL |  |  |  |
| *Human Era* | * Released: June 5, 2015 * Label: Frontiers * Formats: CD, DL |  |  |  |

### Live albums

| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Alive in Japan* | * Released: 2008 * Label: Mojo Vegas * Formats: CD, DL |

### Compilation albums

| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Best of Trixter* | * Released: 2009 * Label: Mojo Vegas * Formats: CD, DL |

### Compilation appearances

### Singles

| Year | Song | Peak chart positions | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US Main. Rock
 | |
| 1990 | "Give It to Me Good" | 65 | 26 | *Trixter* |
| 1991 | "One in a Million" | 75 | 33 | |
| | "Surrender" | 72 |  | |
| 1992 | "Road of a Thousand Dreams" |  |  | *Hear!* |
| | "Rockin' Horse" |  |  | |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Trixter | |
| --- | --- |
| P.J. Farley and Steve Brown performing with Trixter at Farm Rock in 2015 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Paramus, New Jersey, United States |
| Genres | Glam metal |
| Years active | * 1983–1995 * 2007–2017 * 2021-present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members | * Steve Brown * P. J. Farley * Ben Hans |
|  | |
| Past members | * Pete Loran * Dougie C. * Michael "Mike" Luciano * Mark "Gus" Scott |
|  | |
| Website | www.trixterrocks.com |


title: Trixter (album)

abstract: Trixter is the debut album of the band Trixter. It attained gold status, reaching No. 28 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album spawned three minor hit singles on the Billboard Hot 100: "Give It to Me Good" at No. 65, "Surrender" at No. 72, and "One in a Million" at No. 75.

text:
# Trixter (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B− |

***Trixter*** is the debut album of the band Trixter. It attained gold status, reaching No. 28 on the *Billboard* 200 chart. The album spawned three minor hit singles on the *Billboard* Hot 100: "Give It to Me Good" at No. 65, "Surrender" at No. 72, and "One in a Million" at No. 75.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Line of Fire" | Steve Brown, Dean Fasano, Bill Wray | 4:40 |
| 2. | "Heart of Steel" | Brown, B. Wray | 4:11 |
| 3. | "One in a Million" | Brown, B. Wray, Jim Wray | 5:05 |
| 4. | "Surrender" | Brown, B. Wray, J. Wray | 6:05 |
| 5. | "Give It to Me Good" | Brown | 3:29 |
| 6. | "Only Young Once" | Peter Loran, Brown, B. Wray | 5:42 |
| 7. | "Bad Girl" | Brown, B. Wray, J. Wray | 4:19 |
| 8. | "Always a Victim" | Jack Ponti, Brown, Fasano | 4:13 |
| 9. | "Play Rough" | Brown, Fasano, B. Wray | 4:04 |
| 10. | "You'll Never See Me Cryin'" | Loran, Brown, B. Wray | 5:00 |
| 11. | "Ride the Whip" | Loran, Brown, B. Wray, J. Wray, John Allan | 5:07 |
| 12. | "On and On" | Brown | 5:03 |
| Total length: | | | 56:18 |

## Personnel

Trixter * Peter "Pete" Loran – lead vocals
* Steve Brown – lead guitar, harmonica, backing vocals
* P. J. Farley – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Mark "Gus" Scott – drums, percussion, backing vocals

Production * Bill Wray - producer
* Jim Wray - associate producer, engineer
* Chris Floberg, Brian Jenkins, John Karpovich, Dennis MacKay - engineers
* Brian Foraker - engineer, mixing
* Steve Sinclair - art direction, executive producer

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Trixter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Trixter | |
| Released | May 29, 1990 |
| Recorded | September 1989 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 56:18 |
| Label | MCA |
| Producer | Bill Wray, Jim Wray |
| Trixter chronology | |
| ***Trixter***
(1990) *Hear!*
(1992) | |


title: Geoportal

abstract: A geoportal is a type of web portal used to find and access geographic information and associated geographic services via the Internet. Geoportals are important for effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) and a key element of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.

text:
# Geoportal

A **geoportal** is a type of web portal used to find and access geographic information (geospatial information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the Internet. Geoportals are important for effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) and a key element of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI).

Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions (geospatial metadata) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.

## Background

The *U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure* (NSDI), started in 1994 (see OMB Circular A-16), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S. *Federal Geospatial Data Committee* (FGDC) coordinated development of the *Federal Geographic Data Clearinghouse* (or *NSDI Clearinghouse Network*), the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.

First released in 2003, the *Geospatial One-Stop* (GOS) geoportal was developed as part of a U.S. e-government initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS (thick client).

In September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader open data site (Geo.)Data.gov. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the Geospatial Platform, which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).

More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the INSPIRE geoportal (*Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community*, established in 2007), the NatCarb geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning carbon sequestration in the United States, and UNSDI, the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.

Geoportals also form a key component of commercial cloud-based GIS platforms, providing a library of geographic data that users can employ with online GIS tools or desktop GIS software. Google Earth Engine is a cloud-based image processing platform that includes a portal to several petabytes of satellite imagery. Esri's ArcGIS Online, with its Living Atlas Geoportal, provides a large of volume of data covering a wide variety of topics. Esri also sells Portal for ArcGIS as part of its ArcGIS Enterprise server software, which enables institutions to create their own geoportals.

## Sources

* Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010. *Web GIS: Principles and Applications*. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA. ISBN 1-58948-245-X.
* Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the Geospatial One-Stop portal. *Annals of the Association of American Geographers* 97(2):250-266.
* Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures. *Computers, Environment and Urban Systems* 29: 3-14.
* Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005. *Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information*. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.


title: Trichosanthes cochinchinensis

abstract: Trichosanthes cochinchinensis is a climbing plant in the family Cucurbitaceae, but the name may be unresolved, with The Plant List indicating that Gymnopetalum cochinchinense is a synonym of G. chinense (Lour.) Merr. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life, which records its distribution as: China, India, Nepal to Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Singapore, Java, Philippines, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. In Vietnamese its name is dây cứt quạ.

text:
# Trichosanthes cochinchinensis

***Trichosanthes cochinchinensis*** is a climbing plant in the family Cucurbitaceae, but the name may be unresolved, with The Plant List indicating that *Gymnopetalum cochinchinense* is a synonym of *G. chinense* (Lour.) Merr. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life, which records its distribution as: China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan), India (including South Andaman, North Nicobar), Nepal to Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands), Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Singapore, Java, Philippines, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. In Vietnamese its name is *dây cứt quạ*.

## Description

Under the name "*G. cochinchinensis*" this plant has been described as having: incised pubescent leaves, white single flowers (*circa* 30 mm diameter) and red/red-orange fruit which are typically 30–50 mm long with approximately 10 ribs.

1. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
2. Roem M (1846) *In: Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2 (Syn. Pepon.) 96*
3. "Trichosanthes cochinchinensis M.Roem". *The Plant List*. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
4. The Plant list: *G. chinense*
5. Phạm Hoàng Hộ (1999) *Cây Cỏ Việt Nam: an Illustrated Flora of Vietnam* vol. I publ. Nhà Xuẩt Bản Trẻ, HCMC, VN

## InfoBox

| *Trichosanthes cochinchinensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *T. cochinchinensis* in Cat Tien National Park: forest margin (August) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Cucurbitales |
| Family: | Cucurbitaceae |
| Genus: | *Trichosanthes* |
| Species: | ***T. cochinchinensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichosanthes cochinchinensis***<br>(Lour.) M. Roem. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Tripodanthera cochinchinensis* (Lour.) M. Roem. * *Trichosanthes laciniata* Ridl. * *Trichosanthes fatoa* Buch.-Ham. * *Trichosanthes costata* Bl. * *Scotanthus tubiflorus* Naud. * *Scotanthus porteanus* Naud. * *Momordica tubiflora* Roxb. * *Momordica surculata* Noronha * *Momordica spicata* Linné ex Sm. * *Gymnopetalum quinquelobum* Miq. * *Gymnopetalum quinquelobatum* Merr. * *Gymnopetalum heterophyllum* Kurz * *Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis* (Lour.) Kurz * *Gymnopetalum chinense* (Lour.) Merr. * *Euonymus chinensis* Lour. * *Euonymus chinensis* Lindl. * *Cucumis tubiflorus* Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. * *Bryonia grandis* Wall. * *Bryonia cochinchinensis* Lour. | |


title: Genoplesium capparinum

abstract: Genoplesium capparinum, is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to Victoria. It is one of the midge orchids and has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to twenty small, green flowers with purple markings. It is a rare species, found only in a small area in the south-east of the state.

text:
# Genoplesium capparinum

***Genoplesium capparinum***, (known as *Corunastylis capparina* in Victoria) is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to Victoria. It is one of the midge orchids and has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to twenty small, green flowers with purple markings. It is a rare species, found only in a small area in the south-east of the state.

## Description

*Genoplesium capparinum* is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem. Between two and twenty flowers are arranged along a flowering stem 10–30 mm (0.4–1 in) long, reaching to a height of 80–250 mm (3–10 in) and taller than the leaf. The flowers are green with purple markings, sometimes entirely purple and are 3.5–4 mm (0.14–0.16 in) wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is broadly egg-shaped, about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and 2.5 mm (0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, 4–4.5 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long, 1–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) wide and spread apart from each other. The petals are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, about 2.5 mm (0.1 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide with darker edges and a pointed tip. The labellum is wedge-shaped, thick and fleshy, 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.12 in) long and 1.5–2 mm (0.06–0.08 in) wide with slightly wavy edges. There is a narrow egg-shaped callus in the centre of the labellum and extending almost to its tip. Flowering occurs in March and April.

## Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 2016 by David Jones, who gave it the name *Corunastylis capparina* in the *Australian Orchid Review* from a specimen collected in the Blond Bay Wildlife Reserve. The specific epithet (*capparina*) is a vague Latin word meaning greenish-brown, referring to the colour of the flowers of this species.

In 2017, Julian Shaw changed the name of this orchid to *Genoplesium capparinum* in the *Quarterly Supplement to the International Register of Orchid Hybrids (Sander's List)*, and that name is accepted by Plants of the World Online. The name *Corunastylis capparina* is accepted by the National Herbarium of Victoria.

## Distribution and habitat

This midge orchid grows in heath and heathy forest between Sale and Bairnsdale.

## InfoBox

| *Genoplesium capparinum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Genoplesium* |
| Species: | ***G. capparinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Genoplesium capparinum***<br>D.L.Jones | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Corunastylis capparina* D.L.Jones | |


title: Middlesbrough F.C. Reserves and Academy

abstract: Middlesbrough F.C. Reserves and Academy are the under-23 and under-18 teams of Middlesbrough F.C. Most home fixtures are played at Rockliffe Park, near Hurworth, though some are played at Victoria Park, Hartlepool.

text:
# Middlesbrough F.C. Reserves and Academy

**Middlesbrough F.C. Reserves and Academy** are the under-23 and under-18 teams of Middlesbrough F.C.

Most home fixtures are played at Rockliffe Park, near Hurworth, though some are played at Victoria Park, Hartlepool.

## Reserves

**Middlesbrough Reserves** (also referred to as the **Under-23 Development Squad**) play in Division 2 of the Premier League 2, being part of the founding members of the Premier League 2 since 2012. They have also competed in the EFL Trophy during the 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19 seasons alongside 15 other academies that held Category 1 status.

### Current squad

*As of 17 December 2023*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  38 FW  ENG Daniel Nkrumah  39 MF  ENG Terrell Agyemang  42 DF  ENG Cain Sykes  46 DF  ENG Jack Hannah  47 MF  ENG Pharrell Willis  52 MF  ENG AJ Bridge  58 DF  ENG Sam Collins  59 MF  ENG Luke Woolston  64 FW  ENG Sonny Finch  GK  ENG Nathan Fisher  GK  SCO Henry Popple | No. Pos. Nation Player  DF  ENG Ben Beals  DF  ENG JD Costello  DF  GER George Gitau  DF  ENG Afonso Lindo  DF  ENG George McCormick  DF  ENG Frankie Whelan  MF  ENG Isaac Fletcher  MF  ENG Joe Gibson  MF  ENG Max Howells  MF  ENG Fenton John  MF  ENG Nathan Simpson  MF  FRA Yacou Traore |
| --- | --- |

### Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  ENG Zach Hemming *(on loan at St Mirren until 31 May 2024)*  55 MF  ENG Jack Stott *(on loan at York City until 31 December 2023)* |
| --- |

## Academy

Middlesbrough F.C. Under-18s
| Full name | Middlesbrough Football Club Under-18s |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | The Boro |
| Short name | MFC, Boro |
| Founded | 1876 (1876) |
| Ground | Rockliffe Park, Hurworth |
| Owner | Steve Gibson |
| Chairman | Steve Gibson |
| Manager | Craig Liddle |
| League | U18 Premier League North |
| 2020–21 | 4th |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |

The **Middlesbrough Academy** is the name for Middlesbrough's youth system. They field teams in the U21 Premier League and U18 Premier League.

The longest serving academy manager was Dave Parnaby, who was appointed in 1998 and retired in 2017. During this time, the academy produced many notable players such as former first team captains Ben Gibson and Jonathan Woodgate; Australia internationals Brad Jones, Luke Wilkshire and Rhys Williams; Scotland internationals James Morrison, Graeme Murty and Robbie Stockdale; England internationals Stewart Downing and Adam Johnson; as well as Northern Ireland international Chris Brunt.

He also led the Academy side to the 2003 FA Youth Cup final against Manchester United where they finished runners up, before getting to the final again the next season and emerging victorious over Aston Villa in 2004.

### Current squad

*As of 23 July 2023*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  48 FW  ENG Charlie Lennon  49 MF  ENG Law McCabe  50 MF  ENG Fin Cartwright  51 GK  ENG Shea Connor  59 MF  ENG Luke Woolston  GK  ENG Felix Elliott  GK  ENG Cameron Simpson  DF  ENG Prince Acheampong  DF  ENG George Grant  DF  ENG Alfie Myers-Smith  DF  ENG Jack Patterson  DF  ENG Oliver Samuels  DF  ENG Judah Tawiah | No. Pos. Nation Player  DF  ENG James Wilson  MF  ENG Addis Dore  MF  ENG Eric Hamelberg  MF  ENG Daniel James  MF  ENG Amazing Kiasungua  MF  ENG Noah Muwana  MF  ENG Leon Parker  MF  ENG Ethan Scott  FW  ENG Frankie Coulson  FW  ENG Ajay Matthews  FW  ENG Finley O'Gorman  FW  ENG Rio Patterson-Powell |
| --- | --- |

## Staff

The Middlesbrough football club academy staff are as follows:

### Senior Staff

| Position | Staff |
| --- | --- |
| Academy Manager | Craig Liddle |
| Head Goalkeeping Coach | Chris Pennock |
| Head Sports Scientist | Alistair Hamilton |
| Head of Recruitment | Martin Carter |
| Head of Education and Welfare | Barry Dawson |

### Medical

| Role | Name |
| --- | --- |
| Head Of Medical | David Minihane |
| Physiotherapist | Liam Chapman |
| Physiotherapist | Jason McNamee |

### Fitness and Performance

| Name | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Head of Fitness and Sports Science | Mike Lawson |
| Sport Scientist | Robbie Dawson |
| Strength and Conditioning Coach | Hermes Pellotta |
| Performance Analyst | Alex Telford |

### Scouting

| Name | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Head of Recruitment | Martin Carter |
|  |
|  |

### Coaching staff

Because of Middlesbrough Football Clubs Academies EPP level they divide their coaching into three phases. Professional development, youth development and foundation phases of coaching.

| Name | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Professional Development Lead Coach (U23) | Lee Cattermole | Professional Development Assistant Coach (U23) | Paul Crager\]\] |
| Professional Development Coach (U18) | Mark Tinkler | Professional Development Assistant Coach (U18) | James Marwood |
| Professional Development Goalkeeping Coach | Chris Pennock |
| Youth Development Lead Coach | Aaron Croft |
| Youth Development Coach | Rob Jones |
| Youth Development Assistant Coach | Micky Cummings |
| Foundation Development Lead Coach | Dean Grayson |

## Notable products

Many players have come through Middlesbrough's academy who have either gone on to play for the first team or have gone on to have successful careers elsewhere. The following are players who have made professional appearances, either for Middlesbrough or another football club, during their careers.

They are organised in order of the date they signed their first professional contract with Middlesbrough (from 1997 onwards). Appearances for those who played for Middlesbrough are counted as all professional appearances for the club in all competitions. Players who are still contracted to the club (including players loaned out elsewhere) are highlighted in **bold**.

### Players who have played for Middlesbrough

*As of 16 October 2020*

| Year | Player | Position | Apps |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | Sean Kilgannon | Central Midfielder | 1 |
| | Chris Bennion | Goalkeeper | 1 |
| | Mark Hudson | Central Midfielder | 6 |
| 1998 | Stuart Parnaby | Right back | 127 |
| | Brad Jones | Goalkeeper | 74 |
| | Luke Wilkshire | Right back | 25 |
| | Carlos Marinelli | Attacking midfielder | 46 |
| | Brian Close | Right back | 1 |
| 1999 | Craig Dove | Left midfielder | 2 |
| 2000 | Stewart Downing | | 404 |
| | David Murphy | Left back | 16 |
| | Jamie Cade | Striker | 1 |
| 2001 | Andrew Davies | Centre back | 71 |
| | Ross Turnbull | Goalkeeper | 29 |
| 2002 | Andrew Taylor | Left back | 145 |
| | Tony McMahon | Right back | 137 |
| | Danny Graham | Striker | 39 |
| | James Morrison | Attacking midfielder | 98 |
| 2003 | Jason Kennedy | Central Midfielder | 7 |
| | Matthew Bates | Centre back | 126 |
| | Tom Craddock | Striker | 5 |
| | David Wheater | Centre back | 157 |
| | Adam Johnson | Right midfielder | 120 |
| 2004 | | Graeme Owens | 1 |
| | Jonathan Grounds | Left back | 37 |
| | Lee Cattermole | Defensive midfielder | 91 |
| | Seb Hines | Centre back | 87 |
| | Rhys Williams | Defensive midfielder | 141 |
| | Ben Hutchinson | Striker | 9 |
| 2005 | Josh Walker | Central Midfielder | 13 |
| | John Johnson | Centre back | 1 |
| 2006 | Jonathan Franks | Right winger | 30 |
| | Joe Bennett | Left back | 92 |
| | Jason Steele | Goalkeeper | 142 |
| 2007 | Richard Smallwood | Defensive midfielder | 72 |
| 2008 | Cameron Park | Left midfielder | 5 |
| 2009 | Luke Williams | Striker | 42 |
| | Connor Ripley | Goalkeeper | 3 |
| | Ben Gibson | Centre back | 203 |
| | Adam Reach | Attacking midfielder | 78 |
| 2011 | Jordan Jones | Left midfielder | 1 |
| 2012 | Bryn Morris | Defensive midfielder | 3 |
| | Bradley Fewster | Striker | 2 |
| 2013 | **Dael Fry** | Centre back | 107 |
| 2014 | Nathan McGinley | | 1 |
| | Harry Chapman | Left midfielder | 4 |
| 2015 | Ben Liddle | Central Midfielder | 2 |
| | **Hayden Coulson** | Left back | 32 |
| 2016 | Aynsley Pears | Goalkeeper | 25 |
| | **Marcus Tavernier** | Left midfielder | 81 |
| | **Stephen Walker** | Striker | 10 |
| 2017 | | **Tyrone O'Neill** | 1 |
| | Billal Brahimi | Left winger | 1 |
| 2018 | **Nathan Wood** | Centre back | 7 |
|

### Players who have played for other football clubs

*As of 30 January 2020*

| Year | Player | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | Christian Hanson | Centre back |
| | Arthuro | Striker |
| | | Aron Wilford |
| | | Ger Robinson |
| 1999 | Sam Russell | Goalkeeper |
| | Phil Gulliver | Centre back |
| | Keith Gilroy | Central Midfielder |
| | | Stephen Brackstone |
| 2000 | | Gary Smith |
| | Andrew Kelly | Centre back |
| | Sergio van Kanten | Central Midfielder |
| 2001 | | Chris Brunt |
| 2002 | Gary Liddle | Centre back |
| | Anthony Peacock | Central Midfielder |
| | | Michaël Van Geele |
| 2003 | David Knight | Goalkeeper |
| | Dale Roberts | |
| | Nathan Mulligan | Central Midfielder |
| 2004 | Kevin Burgess | Centre back |
| | Hérold Goulon | Defensive midfielder |
| 2005 | Stephen Thompson | Striker |
| | Nathan Fisher | |
| | Daryl Robson | Central Midfielder |
| 2006 | | Nathan Porritt |
| | Shaun Saiko | Attacking midfielder |
| 2007 | Jordan Robinson | Centre back |
| | Gary Martin | Striker |
| | Ashley Corker | Left back |
| 2008 | Patrick Otte | Left midfielder |
| | James Gray | Striker |
| 2009 | | Charlie Wyke |
| | Adam Smith | Goalkeeper |
| | Ryan Brobbel | Left midfielder |
| | Matthew Dolan | Central Midfielder |
| 2010 | Wilson Kneeshaw | Striker |
| | Jarrett Rivers | Right midfielder |
| | | Curtis Edwards |
| | Adam Jackson | Centre back |
| 2011 | Zak Boagey | Striker |
| | Anthony Hernandez | |
| 2012 | Mark Kitching | Centre back |
| | **Joe Fryer** | Goalkeeper |
| | David Atkinson | Centre back |
| 2013 | | Jonny Burn |
| | Callum Cooke | Attacking midfielder |
| 2014 | Luke Coddington | Goalkeeper |
| | Callum Johnson | Right back |
| | Junior Mondal | Left midfielder |
| 2016 | Alex Pattison | Central Midfielder |
| | Luke Armstrong | Striker |
|

### Players who have played at international level

Many players who have come through the youth ranks at Middlesbrough have appeared for their national team at both senior and youth levels. The following is a list of those players organised by national team and alphabetical order respectively.

*As of 21 October 2019*

| Team | Player(s) |
| --- | --- |
| 2012 GB Olympic Team | Jason Steele |
| England U-16s | Jamie Cade, Lee Cattermole, Callum Cooke, Hayden Coulson, Stewart Downing, Bradley Fewster, Jonathan Franks, Seb Hines, Adam Jackson, David Knight, Tony McMahon, Bryn Morris, David Murphy, Stuart Parnaby, Jason Steele, Andrew Taylor, Ross Turnbull, David Wheater, Nathan Wood |
| England U-17s | Lee Cattermole, Callum Cooke, Hayden Coulson, Matthew Elsdon, Bradley Fewster, Jonathan Franks, Dael Fry, Ben Gibson, Seb Hines, Adam Jackson, David Knight, Tony McMahon, Bryn Morris, James Morrison, Nathan Porritt, Jason Steele, Andrew Taylor, Ross Turnbull, Stephen Walker, David Wheater, Luke Williams, Nathan Wood |
| England U-18s | Matthew Bates, Stephen Brackstone, Lee Cattermole, Harry Chapman, Callum Cooke, Hayden Coulson, Stewart Downing, Bradley Fewster, Jonathan Franks, Dael Fry, Ben Gibson, Adam Jackson, David Knight, Bryn Morris, James Morrison, Stuart Parnaby, Richard Smallwood, Andrew Taylor, Ross Turnbull, Stephen Walker, David Wheater |
| England U-19s | Matthew Bates, Joe Bennett, Lee Cattermole, Stewart Downing, Bradley Fewster, Jonathan Franks, Dael Fry, Seb Hines, Adam Jackson, Adam Johnson, David Knight, Tony McMahon, Bryn Morris, James Morrison, Adam Reach, Connor Ripley, Jason Steele, Marcus Tavernier, Andrew Taylor, Ross Turnbull, Stephen Walker, David Wheater, Luke Williams |
| England U-20s | Joe Bennett, Harry Chapman, Jonathan Franks, Dael Fry, Ben Gibson, Danny Graham, Bryn Morris, James Morrison, Stuart Parnaby, Adam Reach, Connor Ripley, Marcus Tavernier, Andrew Taylor, Josh Walker, Luke Williams |
| England U-21s | Joe Bennett, Lee Cattermole, Andrew Davies, Stewart Downing, Dael Fry, Ben Gibson, Adam Johnson, Stuart Parnaby, Jason Steele, Andrew Taylor, David Wheater |
| England C Team | Dale Roberts |
| England B Team | Stewart Downing |
| Senior Team | Stewart Downing, Adam Johnson |
| Wales U-21s | Rhys Williams |
| Scotland U-16s | Lucas Reed, William Wandji |
| Scotland U-19s | Cameron Park |
| Scotland U-21s | Cameron Park |
| Scotland Senior Team | James Morrison, Graeme Murty, Robbie Stockdale |
| Northern Ireland U-16s | James Gray |
| Northern Ireland U-17s | Ryan Brobbel, James Gray |
| Northern Ireland U-18s | Ryan Brobbel |
| Northern Ireland U-19s | Ryan Brobbel, Chris Brunt, James Gray, Jordan Jones |
| Northern Ireland U-21s | Ryan Brobbel, Chris Brunt, Brian Close, James Gray |
| Northern Ireland U-23s | Chris Brunt, Brian Close |
| Northern Ireland Senior Team | Chris Brunt, Jordan Jones |
| Gibraltar U-19s | Anthony Hernandez |
| Gibraltar | Anthony Hernandez |
| Ireland U-16s | Keith Gilroy |
| Ireland U-17s | Ger Robinson |
| Ireland U-21s | Keith Gilroy |
| Australia U-20s | Brad Jones, Luke Wilkshire |
| Australia U-23s | Brad Jones, Luke Wilkshire |
| Australia Senior Team | Brad Jones, Luke Wilkshire, Rhys Williams |
| Canada U-20s | Shaun Saiko |
| Canada U-23s | Shaun Saiko |
| France U-19s | Billal Brahimi |
| France U-21s | Hérold Goulon |
| Argentina U-17s | Carlos Marinelli |
| Argentina U-20s | Carlos Marinelli |

## Honours

**Winners (1):** 2003–04 Runners-up (2): 1989–90, 2002–03 **Winners (1):** 2014–15 **Winners (11):** 1996–97, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18 Runners-up (1): 2003–04, 2004–05, 2013–14 **Winners (1):** 2011–12 Runners-up (2): 1995–96, 2010–11 **Winners (1):** 2014–15

## InfoBox

Middlesbrough F.C. Under-23s
| Full name | Middlesbrough Football Club Under-23s |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | The Boro |
| Short name | MFC, Boro |
| Founded | 1876 (1876) |
| Ground | Rockliffe Park, Hurworth |
| Owner | Steve Gibson |
| Chairman | Steve Gibson |
| Manager | Craig Liddle |
| League | Premier League 2, Division 2 |
| 2020–21 | 6th |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Microsoft AI for Earth

abstract: Microsoft AI For Earth Programme is a private project launched in July 2017 that uses Microsoft AI for earth and people related studies. Microsoft has allocated a $50 million budget for the programs. AI for Earth has developed "the Planetary Computer", it offers APIs, data catalogs through azure storage and open source tools. Initially Microsoft had invested $2 million but then started a "expanded strategic approach". The initiative has 50 partnerships, 950 projects

text:
# Microsoft AI for Earth

**Microsoft AI For Earth** Programme is a private project launched in July 2017 that uses Microsoft AI for earth and people related studies. Microsoft has allocated a $50 million budget for the programs.

AI for Earth has developed "the Planetary Computer", it offers APIs, data catalogs through azure storage and open source tools.

Initially Microsoft had invested $2 million but then started a "expanded strategic approach".

The initiative has 50 partnerships, 950 projects

1. https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/digital-transformation/with-azure-the-us-army-corps-of-engineers-gains-a-powerful-tool-for-storm-modeling/
2. https://doku.tech/speakers/bruno-sanchez-2022/
3. https://www.microsoft.com/insidetrack/blog/retooling-ai-for-earth-grants-with-microsoft-dynamics-365/
4. Lunden, Ingrid (2017-07-12). "Microsoft launches AI for Earth to give $2M in services to environmental projects". *TechCrunch*. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
5. Hebbar, Prajakta (2018-09-05). "Microsoft AI For Earth Programme Selects 7 Indian Grantees". *Analytics India Magazine*. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
6. "Microsoft AI for Earth adds Wild Me to $50M project initiative | College of Engineering | University of Illinois Chicago". Retrieved 2023-06-11.
7. "AI for Earth grantee gallery". *AI for Earth grantee gallery*. Retrieved 2023-06-11. `{{cite web}}`: Check `|url=` value (help)
8. "Microsoft Planetary Computer". *planetarycomputer.microsoft.com*. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
9. "Microsoft wants to be a major AI player. Here's its master plan". *Wired UK*. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
10. Smith, Brad (2017-12-11). "AI for Earth can be a game-changer for our planet". *Microsoft On the Issues*. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
11. "AI for Earth - Microsoft AI". *www.microsoft.com*. Retrieved 2023-06-11.

## InfoBox

| Microsoft AI for Earth | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of project | AI-based projects in the areas of agriculture, water, biodiversity and climate change |
| Location | 40 countries |
| Founder | AI for Social Good |
| Key people | * Lucas Joppa * Bruno Sánchez-Andrade Nuño * Alma Cárdenas * Harry Shum |
| Funding | Microsoft Research |