title: Angela Brown

abstract: Angela M. Brown is an American dramatic soprano particularly admired for her portrayal of Verdi heroines.

text:
# Angela Brown

**Angela M. Brown** (born 1963) is an American dramatic soprano particularly admired for her portrayal of Verdi heroines.

## Early life and education

Angela Brown was born in 1963 in Indianapolis, Indiana. She is African-American. Her mother, Freddie Mae Brown, was a painter, and her father, Walter Clyde Brown, was an autoworker at a Chrysler plant in Indianapolis for 41 years. Along with older brother George and younger brother Aaron, Brown was raised in a deeply spiritual Baptist household. Her grandfather was a Baptist minister in the city and Brown started singing at his church when she was 5 years old. Brown credits her musical experiences at church as instilling in her a love for singing.

As a teenager, Brown started performing in soul music bands around Indianapolis and was highly active in the vocal music program at Crispus Attucks High School. Her high school choir director, Robert Fleck, taught Brown her first classical arias and entered her in several local music competitions, all of which Brown won. Brown also participated in her high school's musicals, playing Adelaide in *Guys and Dolls* among other roles.

After high school, Brown attended a community college in Indianapolis part-time while working a day job as a dietary aide at Methodist Hospital. She also acted in several musicals at the pro-am Civic Theater where she got to work with several notable performers including Ginger Rogers. Brown also worked as a singing waitress for a time.

The death of her younger brother led Brown, then 20, to re-examine her faith and join the Seventh-day Adventist Church with intent to become a singing evangelist. To that end, in the fall of 1986, at the age of 21, Brown enrolled at Oakwood College planning to major in biblical studies with a minor in music. Brown subsequently changed her major to music, however, after her voice teacher, Ginger Beazley, convinced her to pursue opera singing instead. Brown received a bachelor's degree in the Spring of 1991.

From 1992 to 1997, Brown continued her studies at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University with noted voice teacher Virginia Zeani. Brown had worked frequently with Zeani while at Oakwood College, as Ginger Beazley took Brown and her other students up to IU to participate in Zeani's master classes.

While in graduate school, Brown began competing in several notable music competitions. In 1994 Brown tried out for the National Council Auditions of New York's Metropolitan Opera. She made it as far as the regional finals but proceeded no further. She tried out two more years in a row, only to be stopped twice more at the regional level. She tried one last time in 1997. "I had nothing to lose," she told *The New York Times*. Instead, she won everything - not only the regionals, but the semi-finals and then the finals. The win bought her entry into the world of professional opera.

Brown has since gone on to win the 2000 Richard Tucker Career Grant, a 1998 Sullivan Foundation Grant, the 1998 G.B. Viotti Verdi Vocal Competition, and the 1998 Opera Carolina Competition.

## Career

In 1997, Brown moved to New York City and began performing in a steady stream of small roles with larger opera companies and larger roles with smaller opera companies over the next several years. She also appeared in concerts with good regional orchestras and gave many recitals.

In the 2000–2001 season, Brown performed with the San Antonio Symphony, Teatro La Fenice, as Serena in *Porgy and Bess* with Opera Company of Philadelphia, and gave several recitals. She also began working for the Metropolitan Opera as a cover artist for the title roles of Verdi's *Aida* and Strauss' *Ariadne auf Naxos*. This was followed by cover work for the company for the next three seasons.

In the 2001–2002 season, Brown appeared as the Fourth Maid in Cincinnati Opera's production of Strauss' *Elektra*.

In the 2002–2003 season, Brown performed at the Kimmel Center with the Philadelphia Orchestra for the September 11 Memorial Concert, return trips to the Metropolitan Opera to cover the roles of Aida and Ariadne, covering Leonora in *Il Trovatore* for San Francisco Opera, performances of Richard Strauss*Four Last Songs* with the El Paso Symphony and Muncie Symphony Orchestras, and Beethoven’s *Ninth Symphony* with Roanoke Symphony Orchestra.

In the 2003-2004 season, Brown performed the roles of Elisabetta in Verdi's *Don Carlo* and Leonora in Verdi's *Il Trovatore* for the Opera Company of Philadelphia, the title role in Verdi's *Aida* for Shaker Mountain Opera, and the role of Cassandra in Taneyev's *Agamemnon* with the Manhattan Philharmonic and the Aquila Theater Company which toured Poland and was performed at her Carnegie Hall debut . She also performed a concert of Strauss and Wagner arias with the Auckland Philharmonia, was a soloist in Verdi's Requiem with the Louisville Orchestra, and a soloist with the Gibraltar Philharmonic. In addition, Brown made an unexpected appearance with the Opera Company of Philadelphia when she filled in at the last minute in the title role of Strauss' *Ariadne auf Naxos*. Brown also filled in for an ailing singer for an orchestra rehearsal of *Aida* at the Metropolitan Opera. The company was so impressed with her work that they immediately called Brown's agent and booked her for two performances of *Aida* and 12 cover performances for the next season.

In the 2004-2005 season, Brown made her critically acclaimed debut at the Metropolitan Opera in the title role of Verdi's *Aida*. Her performance was so well received that an article about her appeared on the front page of *The New York Times* on November 8, 2004. Originally she was not scheduled that night to sing, as she had already sung two performances in the scheduled run of Aida and covering the role for the remainder of the run, but she was called to replace the ailing lead that night. Opera News called her performance that of "one of America’s most promising Verdi sopranos". In addition, Brown sang the role of Aida for Opera Company of Philadelphia and followed that with the world premiere of Margaret Garner, a new opera by Richard Danielpour and Toni Morrison, in the role of Cilla for Michigan Opera Theatre and Cincinnati Opera. She also appeared as a guest soloist in a concert of opera arias for Auckland Philharmonia (New Zealand) and Dayton Opera.

In the 2005–2006 season, Brown performed the role of Amelia in Verdi's *Un Ballo in Maschera* and the role of Cilla in *Margaret Garner* for the Detroit Opera and Opera Company of Philadelphia, the title role in Verdi's *Aida* for Opera Pacific and Florentine Opera, Verdi's Requiem *for the Festival of Saint Denis in France, concerts with the Indianapolis Symphony and Brevard Festival Orchestra, and recitals throughout the United States.*

In the 2006–2007 season, Brown made her debut with Opéra National de Paris as Amelia in Verdi's *Un Ballo in Maschera*, sang the title role of Verdi's *Aida* with Florida Grand Opera for the opening the new Carnival Performing Arts Center, and sang the role of Bess in Gershwin's *Porgy and Bess* for both Opera Pacific to open the new Orange County Performing Arts Center and the Opera Company of Philadelphia to mark the 150th Anniversary of the Academy of Music.

In the 2007–2008 season, Brown sang the title role of *Aida* and the role of Amelia in Verdi's *Un Ballo in Maschera* at the Metropolitan Opera. She was also chosen by The Library of Congress as the featured soloist for the 2008-2009 National Celebration of the Bicentennial of Abraham Lincoln in February. In addition, Brown sang in concert at Dayton Opera, performed with the Indianapolis Symphony, sang *Aida* with Opera de la ABAO, the title role in Puccini's *Tosca* with Florida Grand Opera, and gave her first appearance in the role of Leonora in a concert version of *La Forza del Destino* with James Conlon for the Cincinnati May Festival. This summer Brown will perform Verdi's *Requiem* with the National Symphony of Spain in Madrid, give a concert of sacred repertoire at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Auckland, New Zealand, and will be the featured performer at the NAACP's national conference in July 2008.

In the 2008–2009 season, Brown sang Aida for Cape Town Opera in South Africa and for the Latvian National Symphony in Riga. She celebrated Christmas with the Alabama Symphony Orchestra in Alabama and the Southwest Michigan Symphony. In addition, she sang Aida at her debut with the Deutsche Oper Berlin, Leonora in *Il Trovatore* for her debut with Atlanta Opera, Amelia in *Un Ballo in Maschera* for National Opera of Paris, and Elisabetta in *Don Carlo* for Cincinnati Opera, and performed Verdi's *Requiem* in Barcelona.

Brown has also performed roles with the Indianapolis Opera.

She has performed in concert with the San Antonio Symphony, Tulsa Philharmonic, Indianapolis Symphony, Cincinnati Pops, Brevard Festival Orchestra, Knoxville Symphony, Long Island Philharmonic, Asheville Lyric Opera's 10th Anniversary GalaHendersonville Symphony, Chautauqua Institution, the Kennedy Center's 25th Anniversary Celebration, Chicago Sinfonietta, The Joy of Music Television Series and tours throughout United States, Canada, New Zealand, Italy, and Africa.

She has given recitals in such places as Alice Tully Hall and Carnegie Hall.

## Educator and humanitarian

Angela M. Brown has been a spokesperson for the United Negro College Fund and uses her voice to bring awareness of opera to minority audiences, communities and diverse young audiences. Since 2002, she has frequently given free concerts entitled *Opera...from A Sistah's Point of View* with fellow opera singer Kishna Davis to help everyday people connect with opera.

## Discography

2014 This Christmas - recording of Christmas selections produced by Roger Ryan and Aftertouch Music 2010 Opera...from a Sistah's Point of View - live recording of arias, art songs and spiritual from the Musical Arts Center of Indiana University on the IMI label

* 2004 Mosaic - recording of African-American spirituals with pianist Joseph Joubert on the Albany Records label (www.albanyrecords.com)
* 1997 recording and performances with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra - Erich Kunzel, conductor (Serena selections from Porgy and Bess and world-premier recording of "Lonely Boy" from the original score) release TelArc May 1998
* 1997 Guest Artist on The Joy of Music Television Series - on location in Heidelberg, Germany
* 1997 Guest Artist on the Hour of Power International Television Program (Crystal Cathedral, California)
* 1995 solo compact disc recording with Charles Webb pianist and dean emeritus of Indiana University School of Music


title: Gustav Edén

abstract: Gustav Edén was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1915.

text:
# Gustav Edén

**Gustav Edén** (29 December 1891  19 September 1966) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1915.

## InfoBox

Gustav Edén
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1891-12-29)29 December 1891 | | |
| Place of birth | Råde, Norway | | |
| Date of death | 19 September 1966(1966-09-19) (aged 74) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1915 | Norway | 1 | (0) |


title: Uncanny (short story collection)

abstract: Uncanny is the fourth in a series of collections of short stories by Australian author Paul Jennings. It was first released in 1988.

text:
# Uncanny (short story collection)

***Uncanny*** is the fourth in a series of collections of short stories by Australian author Paul Jennings. It was first released in 1988.

## The stories

### On the Bottom

When a boy goes fishing with his father, he finds a severed finger with a bear tattoo on it. This tattoo comes to life and directs the boy to its former owner, who is covered with tattoos; all of those tattoos then come to life and attach themselves to the boy. Was adapted as an episode Driven Crazy and was renamed to "Barely There."

### A Good Tip for Ghosts

When twin brothers move to a new school, the bully forces them to go to a haunted garbage tip at night after making them touch a pair of false teeth, or they will be beaten up until they pass the test. But in the end, the ghost who haunts the garbage tip reveals he has been looking for the false teeth. Then, the bully then becomes the victim of the test, as a ghost haunts him as a request from the brothers. Was later adapted as an episode of *Round The Twist*.

### Frozen Stiff

An old man makes a living by collecting dead animals and freezing them in his ice factory. A man keeps a cow locked in his shed, and a boy tries to get it back to the countryside. Was originally going to be adapted as a *Round the Twist* episode, but was scrapped for cost reasons and concerns over animal cruelty.

### UFD

A boy reports seeing a UFO (in actuality a flying dog), but his family does not believe him. He bets his father a thousand dollars if he can prove he saw one, or three years of washing dishes if he can't.

### Cracking Up

A boy gets many punishments from his angry teacher, the worst of which is having to look after the teacher's pot plant for a night. However, the worst part is that two people died in his bedroom at his new house; the spirit of one of them tickles him, causing him to break the pot plant, then the next day at school, the spirit follows him around; as he is the only one that can see it, he gets in trouble for things that it does.

### Greensleeves

A poor man makes a living by blowing up tree stumps and selling the wood chips as firewood. But when a whale washes ashore, dies, and causes problems for the town, this man is promised a lot of money if he can get rid of it.

### Mousechap

A boy stays at his aunt and uncle's house. His uncle has started acting like a mouse, so he is locked in the basement. His aunt explains that the uncle had previously invented a machine that acts as a mousetrap, but instead of killing the mouse, it causes it to run away. Similarly, a mouse that has been hiding in the boy's room acts like a person; the boy later finds out that if two animals touch the machine at the same time, their brains get switched. Was later adapted as an episode of Driven Crazy.

### Spaghetti Pig-out

A boy is always lonely at school because the school bully never lets anyone associate with him. He is pretty much lonely at home as well because of his lack of technology. But one day, he gets a strange video player whose remote control also works on people. However, the bully eventually steals the remote. Back at school, they both enter a spaghetti-eating contest in which the winner earns a free holiday. The bully, due to eating too much spaghetti via the fast forward function on the remote, throws up and is disqualified from the contest, allowing the boy to win the holiday. Was later adapted as an episode of *Round The Twist*.

### Know All

A family finds a chest of old circus outfits that cause whoever wears them to gain the abilities of their original owner. The family's scarecrow also gains abilities from being dressed in one of the outfits, however the original owner of this outfit was not a very nice person. Was later adapted as an episode of *Round The Twist*.

## InfoBox

Uncanny
| First edition (publ. Puffin Books) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Paul Jennings |
| Genre | Short story collection |
| Publisher | Puffin Books |
| Publication date | 1988 |
| Preceded by | *Quirky Tails* |
| Followed by | *Unbearable* |


title: O Concurso

abstract: O Concurso is a 2013 Brazilian comedy film directed by Pedro Vasconcellos. The film was released in Brazil on July 19, 2013.

text:
# O Concurso

***O Concurso*** is a 2013 Brazilian comedy film directed by Pedro Vasconcellos. The film was released in Brazil on July 19, 2013.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| O Concurso | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Pedro Vasconcellos |
| Written by | L.G. Tubaldini Jr.
Leonardo Levis |
| Starring | Fábio Porchat
Sabrina Sato
Carol Castro
Danton Mello |
| Edited by | Renato Martins |
| Production
company | Filmeland |
| Distributed by | Downtown Filmes
Paris Filmes |
| Release date | * 19 July 2013 (2013-07-19) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | Brazil |
| Language | Portuguese |


title: Phylloctenium

abstract: Phylloctenium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. Its native range is Madagascar.

text:
# Phylloctenium

***Phylloctenium*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae.

Its native range is Madagascar.

## Species

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Phylloctenium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Bignoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Phylloctenium*<br>Baill. |
|


title: Hudson Avenue Line (surface)

abstract: The Hudson Avenue Line was a horse car street railway line in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, running mostly along Hudson Avenue in Vinegar Hill, near Downtown Brooklyn. It was short-lived, operating only from 1867 to 1871, but its trackage rights over the Brooklyn City Rail Road allowed the Atlantic Avenue Railroad to operate South Ferry-Prospect Park cars for many years.

text:
# Hudson Avenue Line (surface)

The **Hudson Avenue Line** was a horse car street railway line in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, running mostly along Hudson Avenue in Vinegar Hill, near Downtown Brooklyn. It was short-lived, operating only from 1867 to 1871, but its trackage rights over the Brooklyn City Rail Road allowed the Atlantic Avenue Railroad to operate South Ferry-Prospect Park cars for many years.

## History

The **Hudson Avenue Railroad** opened the line in late 1867, from the Hudson Avenue Ferry to Gouverneur Slip in Manhattan south along Hudson Avenue and the Brooklyn City Rail Road's Flatbush Avenue Line trackage on Flatbush Avenue to Ninth Avenue at Prospect Park. The ferry stopped running in early June 1868, and the company asked the Common Council to lay track in John Street and Bridge Street to the Bridge Street Ferry to James Slip in Manhattan.

Consent was given later that month, and the new line was opened by August 18, 1868. However, this did not draw enough traffic from the Bridge Street Ferry to turn a profit, and it shut down for the winter. In mid-1869, the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railway (Atlantic Avenue Line) leased the Hudson Avenue Railroad, in part to use its Brooklyn City Rail Road trackage rights to reach Prospect Park from South Ferry; cars to the Bridge Street Ferry began operating again in August. The track was removed by the city in 1871 to build a sewer, and was never relaid.


title: Latice Crawford

abstract: Latice Crawford is an American urban contemporary gospel singer and composer. She is best known for using her three-octave, contralto vocal range of to finish third on the second season of the competitive gospel singing television show Sunday Best on Black Entertainment Television. Her self-titled debut album reached two Billboard charts, the Top Gospel Albums and the Top Heatseekers. Her second album, Diary of a Church Girl, also appeared on the Top Gospel Albums chart.

text:
# Latice Crawford

**Latice Crawford** (born July 22, 1982 as **Latice Tenae Crawford**) is an American urban contemporary gospel singer and composer. She is best known for using her three-octave, contralto vocal range of to finish third on the second season of the competitive gospel singing television show *Sunday Best* on Black Entertainment Television. Her self-titled debut album reached two *Billboard* charts, the Top Gospel Albums and the Top Heatseekers. Her second album, *Diary of a Church Girl*, also appeared on the Top Gospel Albums chart.

## Early life

Crawford was born in Manhattan, New York,. Growing up as the middle sister of three, Crawford sang in children's choirs and eventually rose to become a soloist and worship leader. This led to her serving in recording sessions, doing vocal references and singing background for established artists.

## Music career

Crawford first gained fame during her performances on *Sunday Best*, where she finished in third place.

Over the course of the series, Crawford gave well-received renditions of "Reach Out And Touch Somebody's Hand" and "Peace Be Still." Since the show, Crawford has starred in a reality series and released two studio albums.

Her first studio album, *Latice Crawford*, was released by RCA Inspiration in 2014,. Her sophomore release, Diary of a Church Girl, is a five-song EP. It features the songs "Author" and "Choose Me", which both made it to *Billboard's* Top Gospel Airplay and Hot Gospel Songs Charts. The EP also garnered Crawford her first Stellar Award Nomination for Contemporary Female Vocalist of the Year.

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
Gos | US
Heat |
| *Diary of a Church Girl* (EP) | * Released: 2016 * CD, digital download | 15 |  |
| *Latice Crawford* |  | 12 | 21 |

Select singles with Billboard Charting Information
| Title | Song details | Peak chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
Gos | US
Gos |
| *Choose Me* | * Released: 2016 * CD, digital download * Album : Diary of A Church Girl | 22 | 21 |
| *Author* | * Released: 2016 * CD, digital download * Album : Diary of A Church Girl | 24 | 23 |
| *There* | * Released: 2014 * Label: RCA Inspiration * CD, digital download * Album : Latice Crawford | 24 | 18 |

## Personal life

Latice resides in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.

## InfoBox

| Latice Crawford | |
| --- | --- |
| Latice Crawford in July 2020 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Latice Tenae Crawford |
| Born | (1982-07-22) July 22, 1982
Manhattan, New York |
| Origin | Queens, New York |
| Genres | Gospel, urban contemporary gospel |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 2014–present |
| Labels | RCA, eOne |
|  | |
| Website | laticecrawfordonline.com |


title: Happiness (1917 film)

abstract: Happiness is a 1917 comedy drama feature film written by C. Gardner Sullivan and starring Enid Bennett and Charles Gunn. A rich orphan and heiress played by Bennett is described in the newspapers as "the richest and most snobbish girl in America." She goes to a co-ed college where she is snubbed by students who view her as a snob. A romance develops with a poor student who is taking in washing to pay his way through college. A print exists in the Library of Congress collection.

text:
# Happiness (1917 film)

**Happiness** is a 1917 comedy drama feature film written by C. Gardner Sullivan and starring Enid Bennett and Charles Gunn. A rich orphan and heiress played by Bennett is described in the newspapers as "the richest and most snobbish girl in America." She goes to a co-ed college where she is snubbed by students who view her as a snob. A romance develops with a poor student (played by Charles Gunn) who is taking in washing to pay his way through college. A print exists in the Library of Congress collection.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Happiness | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Reginald Barker |
| Written by | C. Gardner Sullivan |
| Starring | Enid Bennett
Charles Gunn
Thelma Salter |
| Distributed by | Kay-Bee Pictures |
| Release date | * May 1917 (1917-05) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent film
English intertitles |


title: I Want a Divorce

abstract: I Want a Divorce is a 1940 Paramount film directed by Ralph Murphy. The screenplay was written by Frank Butler. The film starred then-married actors Joan Blondell and Dick Powell, who would later divorce in real life. Co-star Gloria Dickson and director Murphy were also later married to one another and divorced.

text:
# I Want a Divorce

***I Want a Divorce*** is a 1940 Paramount film directed by Ralph Murphy. The screenplay was written by Frank Butler (based on a story by Adela Rogers St. Johns). The film starred then-married actors Joan Blondell and Dick Powell, who would later divorce in real life. Co-star Gloria Dickson and director Murphy were also later married to one another and divorced.

## Plot

Alan and Geraldine MacNally are a married couple, who are doubting if they did the right thing by marrying each other. Meanwhile, David and Wanda Holland are in the final stages of their divorce. It so happens Alan is the attorney who arranges their divorce. This makes him and Geraldine fall even further apart. Everything changes when Wanda commits suicide after she loses custody of her son. The MacNallys then start thinking about what is really important to them.

## Cast

## Production

Blondell and Powell were actually married offscreen from 1936 to 1944.

## InfoBox

| I Want a Divorce | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical Poster | |
| Directed by | Ralph Murphy |
| Written by | Frank Butler |
| Produced by | George M. Arthur |
| Starring | Joan Blondell<br>Dick Powell |
| Cinematography | Ted Tetzlaff |
| Edited by | LeRoy Stone |
| Music by | Victor Young |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * September 20, 1940 (1940-09-20) |
| Running time | 75 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Mindful Education

abstract: "Mindful Education" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series Steven Universe, which premiered on August 25, 2016 on Cartoon Network. The episode was written and storyboarded by Colin Howard, Jeff Liu, and by Takafumi Hori. The episode was watched by 1.334 million viewers. The episode focuses on Steven and Connie training as their fusion, Stevonnie. However, when their respective personal problems interfere with the stability of the fusion, Garnet, a permanent fusion herself, steps in to help them.

text:
# Mindful Education

"**Mindful Education**" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series *Steven Universe*, which premiered on August 25, 2016 on Cartoon Network. The episode was written and storyboarded by Colin Howard, Jeff Liu, and by Takafumi Hori. The episode was watched by 1.334 million viewers.

The episode focuses on Steven and Connie training as their fusion, Stevonnie. However, when their respective personal problems interfere with the stability of the fusion, Garnet, a permanent fusion herself, steps in to help them.

## Plot

The episode opens with Connie (Grace Rolek) arriving at Steven (Zach Callison)'s house for training, distracted and in a bad mood. Steven and Connie go to the Sky Arena to practice fighting while fused as Stevonnie (AJ Michalka), under the supervision of Pearl (Deedee Magno Hall) and Garnet (Estelle).

Stevonnie's first practice fight is interrupted when a vision of a boy causes them to panic and defuse. Connie confesses that the boy is a classmate she accidentally beat up after bumping into him at school. Steven tells her that when you hurt someone by accident you just have to "try not to think about it"; but Garnet decides to educate them on healthier ways of dealing with difficult emotions.

On the beachside, Garnet tells the two that an emotional imbalance causes a fusion to lose touch with reality; if one of them is falling apart, their fusion will as well. She leads Stevonnie in a guided meditation, singing the song "Here Comes a Thought". The song encourages Stevonnie to mindfully pay attention to and contextualize their emotions: "Take a moment to think of just flexibility, love, and trust." The process of dealing with emotions is visualized by scenes of Ruby and Sapphire, and then Connie and Steven, being overwhelmed by swarms of butterflies, but helping each other to drive them off or accept them.

The next day, Connie returns for training, having made amends with the boy she beat up. Stevonnie performs well in practice battles until they again begin to have visions driven by guilt and anxiety. This time, the guilt is Steven's; they see images of Bismuth, Jasper, and Eyeball, three recent adversaries with whom Steven, despite his best efforts, was unable to make peace. The cloud of butterflies then takes the shape of a stern and disapproving-looking Rose Quartz. Overwhelmed, Stevonnie falls from the Sky Arena.

As they fall, Steven and Connie split again. Connie calls for Steven to fuse so they can float to the ground, but Steven is too wrapped up in guilt to pay attention. Connie tells Steven that he has to be honest with himself about how bad he feels in order for him to move on. Accepting this, Steven fuses with Connie once again and Stevonnie regains stability, managing to safely float down. Stevonnie falls to the ground laughing in relief, and contently proclaims, "I'm here".

## Production

Episodes of *Steven Universe* are written and storyboarded by a single team. "Mindful Education" was written by Colin Howard, Jeff Liu, and guest animator Takafumi Hori of Studio Trigger. Ki-Yong Bae and Jin-Hee Park provided animation direction, and Ricky Cometa served as art director.

### Music

The episode features the song "Here Comes a Thought". The song was written by series creator Rebecca Sugar, and arranged by Aivi & Surasshu, the music team for the series, with strings performed by Jeff Ball. It features vocals by Estelle as Garnet and AJ Michalka as Stevonnie. A shortened version of the song was first performed by Sugar at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con, where she described it as a song she wrote to talk herself off of a proverbial ledge. At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, AJ Michalka and Estelle, alongside Rebecca Sugar, sang a live acoustic version of the song.

## Broadcast and reception

"Mindful Education" premiered on Cartoon Network on August 25, 2016. Its initial American broadcast was viewed by approximately 1.334 million viewers. It received a Nielsen household rating of 0.3, meaning that it was seen by 0.3% of all households.

The episode received a great deal of praise from critics. The animation, Hori's storyboarding and voice acting of the "Here Comes a Thought" sequence was particularly lauded, with James Whitbrook of *io9* calling it "one of *Steven Universe*'s best songs since 'Stronger Than You'", and Eric Thurm of *The A.V. Club*, who gave the episode an A grade, singling out AJ Michalka as "the real MVP of the song". The message of the episode was also praised, with Vrai Kaiser of *The Mary Sue* comparing it to Pixar's *Inside Out*, and ND Medina of *iDigitalTimes* calling it a "bite-sized dose" of cognitive behavioral therapy.

## InfoBox

| "**Mindful Education**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Steven Universe* episode | |
| From left to right: Connie, Ruby, Steven and Sapphire, during the song "Here Comes a Thought", gazing at butterflies representing their problems and emotional turmoils. | |
| Episode no. | Season 4<br>Episode 4 |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by | * Colin Howard * Jeff Liu * Takafumi Hori |
| Featured music |  |
| Original air date | August 25, 2016 (2016-08-25) |
| Running time | 11 minutes |
| Guest appearance | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Angela Brooks

abstract: Angela Brooks FAIA is an American architect based in Los Angeles, California. She is the Co-Principal of the Los Angeles–based architecture firm, Brooks + Scarpa. She co-founded and served as President of Livable Places, a nonprofit development company created to stimulate neighborhood revitalization in Los Angeles.

text:
# Angela Brooks

**Angela Brooks** FAIA is an American architect based in Los Angeles, California. She is the Co-Principal of the Los Angeles–based architecture firm, Brooks + Scarpa. She co-founded and served as President of Livable Places, a nonprofit development company created to stimulate neighborhood revitalization in Los Angeles.

## Significant works

Brooks was the project architect for Pugh + Scarpa's project Colorado Court in Santa Monica, which was the first multi-family housing project in the USA to be LEED certified. It has 46 units. It is the first large residential complex in the United States to combine advanced sustainability with low-income housing. In continuing her commitment to socially progressive design, the program was designed for homeless residents with chronic mental illness as a gathering spot to create a sense of community.

## Awards and honors

Brooks is the recipient of the 2022 American Institute of Architects Gold Medal the institutes highest honor. In 2020, Brooks received The Maybeck Award, California's highest honor from the American Institute of Architects California. She is the first woman to receive the award. She was a 2009 National American Institute of Architects Young Architects Award recipient, having made an "exceptional" contribution to architecture early in her career. She is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Brooks was also the 2010 honoree of the “Character Approved” Award by USA Network for her “unparalleled ability to marry aesthetics, affordability and sustainability in the built environment”, USA Network officials said. "As buildings are among the chief contributors to energy consumption and landfill waste, the role and the voice of the architect in the future of our planet is a vital one. I hope that this feature will help me raise awareness of the issues of sustainability that have been the main objects of my career." Brooks was a recipient 2010 American Institute of Architects Firm Award.

Brooks + Scarpa was the winner of the 2014 Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum Award in Architecture.

Brooks was featured in the book Woman in Green: Voices of Sustainable Design.

Brooks and Scarpa won 2019 Marvin Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

Brooks is married to the American architect Lawrence Scarpa, partner in Brooks + Scarpa. Brooks met Scarpa at the University of Florida.

Media related to Angela Brooks at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Angela Brooks | |
| --- | --- |
| Angela Brooks | |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse | Lawrence Scarpa |
|  | |
| Practice | Brooks + Scarpa |
| Buildings | Solar Umbrella house
Colorado Court
Bergamot Station |
|  | |
| Website | brooksscarpa.com |


title: W.A.R. FW-190

abstract: The W.A.R. FW-190 is a half-scale homebuilt replica of a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter. In July 1973, War Aircraft Replicas International of Santa Paula, California began design of an approximately half-scale replica of the Fw 190, the first of a series of replicas of World War II aircraft using similar constructional techniques. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 21 August 1974.

text:
# W.A.R. FW-190

The **W.A.R. FW-190** is a half-scale homebuilt replica of a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter. In July 1973, War Aircraft Replicas International of Santa Paula, California began design of an approximately half-scale replica of the Fw 190, the first of a series of replicas of World War II aircraft using similar constructional techniques. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 21 August 1974.

## Design and development

The aircraft structure is based on a wooden framework for the fuselage and wings, using polyurethane foam to build up the fuselage shape and wing aerofoil profile, with a fabric/epoxy covering. The aircraft is fitted with an electrically retractable tailwheel undercarriage to match the configuration of the original aircraft. The initial powerplant specified was a 1600 cc Volkswagen air-cooled engine of 70 hp (52 kW), driving a three-bladed fixed pitch propeller. Small Continental Motors, Inc. and Lycoming Engines of 100 to 120 hp (75 to 89 kW) have commonly been used.

The prototype aircraft was displayed at the Experimental Aircraft Association convention in 1974. Realistic details such as simulated fabric surfaces, and detailed smoke trails were noted, the aircraft drew a large amount of attention at the show.

At least 197 sets of plans had been sold by 1982, and plans remain on sale from War Aircraft Replicas, now based in Florida.

## Variants

Some versions were built using 125 hp (93 kW) Lycoming O-235 and 123 hp (92 kW) HCI radial engines.

## Specifications (W.A.R. FW-190)

*Data from* Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Length:** 16 ft 7 in (5.05 m)
* **Wingspan:** 20 ft 0 in (6.10 m)
* **Height:** 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
* **Wing area:** 70.0 sq ft (6.50 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 630 lb (286 kg)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 900 lb (408 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 10 US Gallons, 38 L
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Continental O-200 air cooled flat-four, 100 hp (75 kW)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 169 kn (194 mph, 313 km/h) at 3,500 ft (1,070 m)
* **Cruise speed:** 108 kn (124 mph, 200 km/h) (econ cruise)
* **Stall speed:** 48 kn (55 mph, 89 km/h)
* **Range:** 347 nmi (399 mi, 643 km)
* **Service ceiling:** 12,500 ft (3,800 m)
* **Rate of climb:** 1,000 ft/min (5.1 m/s)
* **Wing loading:** 12 lb/sq ft (59 kg/m2)

## InfoBox

| W.A.R. FW-190 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Role | Homebuilt aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | War Aircraft Replicas International, Inc. |
| First flight | 21 August 1974 |


abstract: Una Assembly constituency is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh a northern Indian state. Una is also part of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency.

text:
# Una, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency

**Una Assembly constituency** is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh a northern Indian state. Una is also part of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Picture | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | Parkash Chand |  |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | | | | |
| 1977 | Des Raj |  |  | Janata Party |
| 1982 | | |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1985 | Virender Gautam |  |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1990 | Des Raj |  |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1993 | O. P. Rattan |  |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1998 | Virender Gautam |  | | |
| 2003 | Satpal Singh Satti |  |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2007 | | | | |
| 2012 | | | | |
| 2017 | Satpal Raizada |  |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2022 | Satpal Singh Satti |  |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results

### Assembly Election 2022

2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Satpal Singh Satti** | **33,974** | **50.05%** | **5.50** |
|  | INC | Satpal Raizada | 32,238 | 47.49% | 2.12 |
|  | AAP | Rajiv Gautam | 737 | 1.09% | *New* |
|  | BSP | Ramesh Chand | 341 | 0.50% | 0.54 |
|  | NOTA | Nota | 240 | 0.35% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Chander Mohan | 185 | 0.27% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Kamal Kumar | 162 | 0.24% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 1,736 | 2.56% | 2.50 |
| Turnout | | | 67,877 | 77.90% | 1.60 |
| Registered electors | | | 87,136 |  | 9.59 |
|  | BJP **gain** from INC | | Swing | 0.44 |  |

### Assembly Election 2017

2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Satpal Raizada** | **31,360** | **49.61%** | **8.79** |
|  | BJP | Satpal Singh Satti | 28,164 | 44.55% | 5.03 |
|  | Independent | Rajiv Gautam | 1,723 | 2.73% | *New* |
|  | BSP | Ravi Kumar | 659 | 1.04% | 1.38 |
| Margin of victory | | | 3,196 | 5.06% | 3.71 |
| Turnout | | | 63,213 | 79.50% | 4.36 |
| Registered electors | | | 79,512 |  | 10.40 |
|  | INC **gain** from BJP | | Swing | 0.02 |  |

### Assembly Election 2012

2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Satpal Singh Satti** | **26,835** | **49.59%** | **3.70** |
|  | INC | Satpal Raizada | 22,089 | 40.82% | 6.64 |
|  | AITC | O. P. Rattan | 2,177 | 4.02% | *New* |
|  | CPI(M) | Gurnam Singh | 1,377 | 2.54% | *New* |
|  | BSP | Kamal Dutt | 1,313 | 2.43% | 10.11 |
| Margin of victory | | | 4,746 | 8.77% | 10.34 |
| Turnout | | | 54,117 | 75.14% | 2.42 |
| Registered electors | | | 72,021 |  | 15.56 |
|  | BJP **hold** | | Swing | 3.70 |  |

### Assembly Election 2007

2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Satpal Singh Satti** | **33,050** | **53.28%** | **4.79** |
|  | INC | Virender Gautam | 21,198 | 34.18% | 14.23 |
|  | BSP | Dr. Som Datt Bherwal | 7,774 | 12.53% | 10.75 |
| Margin of victory | | | 11,852 | 19.11% | 19.02 |
| Turnout | | | 62,025 | 72.72% | 0.49 |
| Registered electors | | | 85,288 |  | 9.52 |
|  | BJP **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Assembly Election 2003

2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Satpal Singh Satti** | **27,651** | **48.50%** | **22.33** |
|  | INC | Virender Gautam | 27,600 | 48.41% | 10.09 |
|  | BSP | Hem Raj | 1,018 | 1.79% | 2.88 |
|  | Samajwadi Janta Party (Rashtriya) | Khushhal Singh Sabharwal | 746 | 1.31% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 51 | 0.09% | 12.07 |
| Turnout | | | 57,015 | 73.22% | 2.26 |
| Registered electors | | | 77,877 |  | 16.33 |
|  | BJP **gain** from INC | | Swing | 10.18 |  |

### Assembly Election 1998

1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Virender Gautam** | **18,201** | **38.32%** | **7.29** |
|  | BJP | Subhash Sahore | 12,427 | 26.16% | 0.33 |
|  | HVC | O. P. Rattan | 12,283 | 25.86% | *New* |
|  | BSP | Arjan Singh Dhugga | 2,214 | 4.66% | 8.68 |
|  | AIRJP | Telu Ram Atwal | 1,553 | 3.27% | *New* |
|  | JD | Krishan Lal | 729 | 1.53% | 0.99 |
| Margin of victory | | | 5,774 | 12.16% | 10.38 |
| Turnout | | | 47,498 | 72.36% | 0.66 |
| Registered electors | | | 66,947 |  | 6.14 |
|  | INC **hold** | | Swing | 7.29 |  |

### Assembly Election 1993

1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **O. P. Rattan** | **14,014** | **31.03%** | **4.18** |
|  | Independent | Virender Gautam | 13,212 | 29.25% | *New* |
|  | BJP | Vaiya Das Raj | 11,669 | 25.83% | 28.04 |
|  | BSP | Chaudhary Gian Chand | 6,028 | 13.35% | 7.19 |
|  | JD | Mool Raj | 247 | 0.55% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 802 | 1.78% | 16.89 |
| Turnout | | | 45,170 | 72.22% | 4.72 |
| Registered electors | | | 63,077 |  | 0.66 |
|  | INC **gain** from BJP | | Swing | 22.85 |  |

### Assembly Election 1990

1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Des Raj** | **22,585** | **53.88%** | **15.84** |
|  | INC | Virender Gautam | 14,759 | 35.21% | 8.09 |
|  | BSP | Gurbax Singh | 2,579 | 6.15% | *New* |
|  | CPI | Kartar Singh | 1,175 | 2.80% | *New* |
|  | INS(SCS) | Subhash Chand Choudhary | 224 | 0.53% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Ram Pal Sharma | 219 | 0.52% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 7,826 | 18.67% | 13.40 |
| Turnout | | | 41,919 | 67.42% | 1.70 |
| Registered electors | | | 62,665 |  | 38.26 |
|  | BJP **gain** from INC | | Swing | 10.58 |  |

### Assembly Election 1985

1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Virender Gautam** | **13,463** | **43.30%** | **10.04** |
|  | BJP | Des Raj | 11,826 | 38.04% | 13.38 |
|  | Independent | Gian Chand | 4,387 | 14.11% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Telu Ram | 410 | 1.32% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Kewel Krishan Bhardwaj | 397 | 1.28% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Pawan Kumar Kapila | 345 | 1.11% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 1,637 | 5.27% | 12.89 |
| Turnout | | | 31,091 | 69.10% | 0.63 |
| Registered electors | | | 45,323 |  | 7.69 |
|  | INC **gain** from BJP | | Swing | 8.11 |  |

### Assembly Election 1982

1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Des Raj** | **14,707** | **51.42%** | ***New*** |
|  | INC | Ram Rakha | 9,515 | 33.26% | 12.84 |
|  | JP | Sarbjot Singh Bedi | 3,851 | 13.46% | 20.53 |
|  | Independent | Sham Lal | 372 | 1.30% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Dhani Ram Sultan | 159 | 0.56% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 5,192 | 18.15% | 6.74 |
| Turnout | | | 28,604 | 68.95% | 9.04 |
| Registered electors | | | 42,085 |  | 5.36 |
|  | BJP **gain** from JP | | Swing | 17.42 |  |

### Assembly Election 1977

1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **JP** | **Des Raj** | **8,001** | **33.99%** | ***New*** |
|  | Independent | Surendar Nath | 5,314 | 22.58% | *New* |
|  | INC | Ram Rakha | 4,808 | 20.43% | 43.13 |
|  | Independent | Gian Chand | 4,723 | 20.07% | *New* |
|  | CPI(M) | Ram Asra | 555 | 2.36% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Devinder Kumar\` | 136 | 0.58% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 2,687 | 11.42% | 24.65 |
| Turnout | | | 23,537 | 59.81% | 3.55 |
| Registered electors | | | 39,943 |  | 43.52 |
|  | JP **gain** from INC | | Swing | 29.57 |  |

### Assembly Election 1972

1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Parkash Chand** | **9,796** | **63.56%** | **31.3** |
|  | Independent | Hazari Lal | 4,238 | 27.50% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Suresh Chander | 1,070 | 6.94% | *New* |
|  | INC(O) | Balraj Kumar | 308 | 2.00% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 5,558 | 36.06% | 35.74 |
| Turnout | | | 15,412 | 56.74% | 2.74 |
| Registered electors | | | 27,831 |  | 15.40 |
|  | INC **gain** from Independent | | Swing | 30.97 |  |

### Assembly Election 1967

1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Parkash Chand** | **5,643** | **32.59%** | ***New*** |
|  | INC | S. Chand | 5,587 | 32.26% | *New* |
|  | Independent | L. Dass | 2,803 | 16.19% | *New* |
|  | Independent | M. Singh | 2,137 | 12.34% | *New* |
|  | ABJS | B. Ram | 1,147 | 6.62% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 56 | 0.32% |  |
| Turnout | | | 17,317 | 56.55% |  |
| Registered electors | | | 32,897 |  |  |
|  | Independent **win** (new seat) | | | | |

31°28′N 76°16′E / 31.47°N 76.27°E / 31.47; 76.27

## InfoBox

| Una | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 44 for the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
|  | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | North India |
| State | Himachal Pradesh |
| District | Una |
| LS constituency | Hamirpur |
| Established | 1967 |
| Total electors | 87,136 |
| Reservation | None |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 14th Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Satpal Raizada** | |
| Party | Indian National Congress |
| Elected year | 2022 |


title: Obesity in Switzerland

abstract: Obesity in Switzerland has been increasingly cited as a major health issue in recent years, even though the country had the lowest rate of obesity in Europe in 2015. In 2017, 11.3% of the adult population had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more. Compared to the rest of Europe and the Americas, average BMI is fairly low and similar to that of many South American and African countries. Swiss women in particular are considered slimmer than other Europeans and have an average BMI close to that of China. In 2017, thirty-three per cent of Swiss women and fifty-one per cent of Swiss men were considered to be overweight.

text:
# Obesity in Switzerland

**Obesity in Switzerland** has been increasingly cited as a major health issue in recent years, even though the country had the lowest rate of obesity in Europe in 2015. In 2017, 11.3% of the adult population had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.

Compared to the rest of Europe and the Americas, average BMI (about 25) is fairly low and similar to that of many South American and African countries (see List of countries by body mass index).

Swiss women in particular are considered slimmer than other Europeans and have an average BMI close to that of China. In 2017, thirty-three per cent of Swiss women and fifty-one per cent of Swiss men were considered to be overweight (BMI ≥ 25).

## Causes and effects

The obesity level in men in the canton of Zurich is considered a main contributing factor to the fact that only 54.1% of men there are deemed fit enough for military duty. Inactivity has been blamed for the lack of physical fitness in men. In addition, physical symptoms like back pain, obesity and asthma are frequently reported.


title: Roti tissue

abstract: Roti tissue, roti tisu, or tisu prata is a sweet flatbread often sold at Mamak stalls in Malaysia and Singapore. It is also known as "roti helikopter". Roti tisu is a thinner and crispier version of the traditional roti canai/ prata. It is as thin as a piece of 40–50 cm round-shaped tissue. Roti tisu is available at most local Mamak stalls in Malaysia and Singapore and may be coated with sweet substances, such as sugar and kaya (jam), or eaten with condiments such as ice cream. The popularity of roti tissue has spread to neighbouring Indonesia, where it is found as street food in areas with significant Malays and Indian-Indonesian communities.

text:
# Roti tissue

**Roti tissue**, **roti tisu**, or **tisu prata** is a sweet flatbread often sold at Mamak stalls in Malaysia and Singapore. It is also known as "roti helikopter" (helicopter bread). Roti tisu is a thinner and crispier version of the traditional roti canai/ prata. It is as thin as a piece of 40–50 cm round-shaped tissue.

Roti tisu is available at most local Mamak stalls in Malaysia and Singapore and may be coated with sweet substances, such as sugar and kaya (jam), or eaten with condiments such as ice cream.

The popularity of roti tissue has spread to neighbouring Indonesia, where it is found as street food in areas with significant Malays and Indian-Indonesian communities.

## InfoBox

Roti tissue
| Roti Tissue and a glass of Teh tarik | |
| --- | --- |
| Alternative names | Roti tisu, tissue prata, roti helikopter |
| Type | Dessert |
| Associated cuisine | Malaysia and Singapore |
| Created by | Tamil Muslim in Malaya |


title: National Heritage Site (United States)

abstract: A National Heritage Site in the United States is a location important to the cultural heritage of a particular state that has been promoted to national status, as well as sites that have been deemed nationally important by central heritage agencies.

text:
# National Heritage Site (United States)

A **National Heritage Site** in the United States is a location important to the cultural heritage of a particular state that has been promoted to national status, as well as sites that have been deemed nationally important by central heritage agencies.

## Types of protection

1. "Designation of National Park System Units". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
2. "The National Park Service Organic Act". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-07-16.


title: Ghani Glass cricket team

abstract: Ghani Glass cricket team is a departmental cricket team in Pakistan, that plays first-class cricket in the President's Trophy. The team is sponsored by Ghani Glass and owned by Ghani Group of Companies. The team does not have any geographical base. The team's captain in 2023–24 was Shan Masood.

text:
# Ghani Glass cricket team

**Ghani Glass cricket team** is a departmental cricket team in Pakistan, that plays first-class cricket in the President's Trophy. The team is sponsored by Ghani Glass and owned by Ghani Group of Companies. The team does not have any geographical base. The team's captain in 2023–24 was Shan Masood.

## History

The team was founded in 2017 to take part in the Grade II of 2016–17 Patron's Trophy. In May 2019, Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams in favour of regional sides, therefore ending the participation of the team. The team was refounded in March 2023 after a revamp of the domestic structure. In December 2023, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) confirmed that Ghani Glass would be one of the teams to participate in the 2023–24 President's Trophy. The team made their first-class debut on 16 December 2023, drawing the match against Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited. This was the first time for Ghani Glass to compete in a first-class tournament in Pakistan.

## Current squad

The following squad was announced for the 2023/24 season:

## InfoBox

Ghani Glass
| League | President's Trophy |
| --- | --- |
| Personnel | |
| Captain | Shan Masood |
| One Day captain | Moeez Ghani |
| Owner | Ghani Group of Companies |
| Team information | |
| Founded | 2017 |
| History | |
| First-class debut | 16 December
in 2023
at National Stadium, Karachi |
| President's Trophy wins | 0 |


title: Angela Brodtka

abstract: Angela Brodtka is a former German professional cyclist. She is part of the 2006 AA-Drink Cycling Team. She competed in the women's individual road race at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Since 2010 she is riding for Noris Cycling.

text:
# Angela Brodtka

**Angela Brodtka** (married *Hennig*, born 15 January 1981 in Guben) is a former German professional cyclist. She is part of the 2006 AA-Drink Cycling Team. She competed in the women's individual road race at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Since 2010 she is riding for Noris Cycling.

## Palmarès

2000 1st Stage 1, Eko Tour 1st Stage 5, Eko Tour 2001 2nd European Road Race Championship, Juniors 2003 1st Stage 4, Holland Ladies Tour 2004 1st GP Castilla y Leon 1st 10th stage Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin 1st Stage 1, Ster Zeeuwsche Eilanden 3rd German National Road Race Championships 1st Stage 9, Giro d'Italia Femminile 2nd Lowland International Rotterdam Tour 2nd Rund um die Nürnberger Altstadt 3rd World Cup Road Racing 1st Stage 1b, Giro della Toscana International Femminile 2005 3rd German National Road Race Championships 1st Stage 3, Thüringen-Rundfahrt der Frauen 1st Sparkassen Giro 2006 2nd Omloop van Sneek 1st Stage 1, Thüringen-Rundfahrt der Frauen 2009 (DSB Bank-LTO 2009 season)

## InfoBox

Angela Brodtka
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Angela Hennig |
| Born | (1981-01-15) 15 January 1981<br>Guben, East Germany |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Noris Cycling |


title: NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I

abstract: NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I is a newly-created constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It mainly comprises the Qubo Saeed Khan Taluka, Shahdadkot Taluka, Sijawal Junejo Taluka, and Miro Khan Taluka. It was created in the 2018 delimitation after the constituency overlapping between Qambar Shahdadkot District and Larkana District was ended.

text:
# NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I

**NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I** (این اے-196، قمبرشہدادکوٹ-1) is a newly-created constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It mainly comprises the Qubo Saeed Khan Taluka, Shahdadkot Taluka, Sijawal Junejo Taluka, and Miro Khan Taluka. It was created in the 2018 delimitation after the constituency overlapping between Qambar Shahdadkot District and Larkana District was ended.

## Election 2018

General elections were held on 25 July 2018.

General election 2018: NA-202 Qambar Shahdadkot-I
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **PPP** | **Aftab Shaban Mirani** | **72,159** | **56.39** |  |
|  | MMA | Nasir Mehmood | 36,046 | 28.17 |  |
|  | PTI | Musarrat Shah | 9,631 | 7.52 |  |
|  | Independent | Sultan Ahmed Khan khuhawar | 2,328 | 1.81 |  |
|  | Independent | Akhtar Hussain shaikh | 2,269 | 1.77 |  |
|  | Independent | Rabb Nawaz tunio | 1,282 | 1,00 |  |
|  | Independent | Mir Imran Ali | 1,092 | 0.85 |  |
|  | Independent | Nazzer Hussain Magsi | 954 | 0.74 |  |
|  | PPP(SB) | Sarfraz Ahmed | 794 | 0.62 |  |
|  | Independent | Liaqat ali | 476 | 0.37 |  |
|  | Independent | Muzafar Ali Brohi | 440 | 0.34 |  |
|  | Independent | Ayyaz Hussain | 304 | 0.23 |  |
|  | Independent | Saifullah Abro | 106 | 0.08 |  |
| Turnout | | | 138,633 | 42.73 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 127,895 | 92.25 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 10,738 | 7.75 |  |
| Majority | | | 36,113 | 28.22 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 324,402 |  |  |

## Election 2024

General elections were held on 8 February 2024. Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, the chairman of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) won the election with 85,370 votes, but decided to vacate it in favour of NA-194 Larkana-I.

General election 2024: NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **PPP** | **Bilawal Bhutto Zardari** | **85,370** | **63.06** | **6.76** |
|  | JUI (F) | Nasir Mehmood | 34,499 | 25.48 | N/A |
|  | Others | Others (eleven candidates) | 15,510 | 11.46 |  |
| Turnout | | | 145,735 | 34.89 | 7.84 |
| Total valid votes | | | 135,379 | 92.89 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 10,356 | 7.11 |  |
| Majority | | | 50,871 | 37.58 | 9.36 |
|  | PPP **hold** | | | | |

## By-election 2024

A by-election was held on 21 April 2024. Khursheed Ahmed Junejo won the election with 91,581 votes.

2024 Pakistani by-elections: NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **PPP** | **Khursheed Ahmed Junejo** | **91,581** | **96.42** | **33.36** |
|  | TLP | Muhammad Ali | 2,763 | 2.91 | 0.91 |
|  | Independent | Javed Ali | 499 | 0.52 |  |
|  | Independent | Buland Junejo | 142 | 0.15 |  |
| Turnout | | | 96,572 | 22.79 | 12.10 |
| Total valid votes | | | 94,985 | 98.36 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 1,587 | 1.64 |  |
| Majority | | | 88,818 | 93.51 | 55.93 |
| Registered electors | | | 423,781 |  |  |
|  | PPP **hold** | | | | |

## InfoBox

| NA-196 Qambar Shahdadkot-I | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency
for the National Assembly of Pakistan | |
|  | |
| Region | Qubo Saeed Khan, Shahdadkot, Sijawal Junejo, Mirokhan Tehsils and Qambar Tehsil (partly) of Qambar Shahdadkot District |
| Electorate | 417,740 |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 2018 |
| Party | Pakistan People's Party |
| Member(s) | Khursheed Ahmed Junejo |
| Created from | NA-206 (Larkana-III)
NA-207 (Larkana-IV) |


title: Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency

abstract: Una is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Gir Somnath district.

text:
# Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency

**Una** is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Gir Somnath district.

## List of segments

This assembly seat represents the following segments,

1. Una Taluka All Villages Amodra Kansariya, Jamvala, Bhakha, Thordi, Babariya, Sanvav, Jaragli, Ankolali, Panderi, Dhrabavad, Velakot, Jhanjhariya, Sonpura, Bhiyal, Bodidar, Kaneri, Maghardi, Ambavad, Kanakiya, Simasi, Ranvasi, Bhebha, Madhgam, Revad, Lerka, Chikhli, Sokhda, Kajardi, Kob, Bhingran, Tad

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

### Saurashtra State

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1952 | Veru Suragbhai Kalubhai |  | Indian National Congress |

### Bombay State

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1957 | Ratubhai Mulshankar Adani |  | Indian National Congress |

### Gujarat State

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | Ratubhai Mulshankar Adani |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | P. J. Oza | | |
| 1972 | Ratubhai Mulshankar Adani | | |
| 1975 | Acharya Rasikchandra Devshanker |  | Socialist Party |
| 1980 | Ukabhai Sidibhai Zala |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1990 | Vansh Punja Bhima |  | Janata Dal |
| 1995 | Punjabhai Vansh |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1998 | | | |
| 2002 | | | |
| 2007 | Kalubhai Rathod |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2012 | Punjabhai Vansh |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2017 | | | |
| 2022 | Kalubhai Rathod |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
|

## Election results

### 2022

Gujarat Assembly election, 2022: Una, Gujarat Assembly constituency
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Kalubhai Chanabhai Rathod** | **95,860** | **56.46** |  |
|  | INC | Vansh Punjabhai Bhimabhai | 52,334 | 30.83 |  |
|  | AAP | Sejalben Mansukhbhai Khunt | 12,922 | 7.61 |  |
|  | RRP | Ishwar Rambhai Solanki | 1,078 | 0.63 | N/A |
|  | NOTA | None of the above | 3,092 | 1.82 |  |
| Majority | | |  | 25.63 |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
| Registered electors | | | 263,385 |  |  |
|  | BJP **gain** from INC | | Swing |  |  |

### 2017

Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017: Una
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Punjabhai Vansh** | **72,775** | **48.56** |  |
|  | BJP | Haribhai Boghabhai Solanki | 67,847 | 45.27 |  |
| Majority | | |  | 3.29 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,49,879 | 64.19 |  |
|  | INC **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2012

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Punjabhai Vansh** | **69,824** | **47.11** |  |
|  | BJP | Kalubhai Rathod | 62,317 | 42.05 |  |
| Majority | | | 7,507 | 5.07 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,48,381 | 72.12 |  |
|  | INC **gain** from BJP | | Swing |  |  |

20°49′N 71°02′E / 20.82°N 71.04°E / 20.82; 71.04

## InfoBox

| Una | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 93 for the Gujarat Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Western India |
| State | Gujarat |
| District | Gir Somnath |
| LS constituency | Junagadh |
| Established | 1951 |
| Total electors | 267,382 |
| Reservation | None |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 15th Gujarat Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Kalubhai Rathod** | |
| Party | BJP |
| Elected year | 2022 |


title: I Like to Watch (Crowded House video)

abstract: I Like to Watch is a music video collection by the band Crowded House, which was released in 1992 on video only. The collection features 13 promotional music videos for the singles from the band's first three albums along with three short documentary features on the band.

text:
# I Like to Watch (Crowded House video)

***I Like to Watch*** is a music video collection by the band Crowded House, which was released in 1992 on video only. The collection features 13 promotional music videos for the singles from the band's first three albums along with three short documentary features on the band.

## History

The cover artwork for the collection is by bassist Nick Seymour and features elements from the cover of the album *Temple of Low Men*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "On the Road With Crowded House" | 3:10 |
| 2. | "Don't Dream It's Over" | 3:43 |
| 3. | "Mean to Me" | 4:45 |
| 4. | "Now We're Getting Somewhere" | 4:06 |
| 5. | "Something So Strong" | 2:59 |
| 6. | "World Where You Live" | 3:04 |
| 7. | "Backstage With Crowded House" | 3:14 |
| 8. | "When You Come" | 4:44 |
| 9. | "Into Temptation" | 4:31 |
| 10. | "Better Be Home Soon" | 3:17 |
| 11. | "Crowded House Q+A" | 2:51 |
| 12. | "Chocolate Cake" | 4:02 |
| 13. | "Fall at Your Feet" | 3:16 |
| 14. | "It's Only Natural" | 3:38 |
| 15. | "Weather with You" | 3:46 |
| 16. | "Four Seasons in One Day" | 2:54 |

## InfoBox

| I Like to Watch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by Crowded House | |
| Released | 16 November 1992 |
| Length | 60 minutes |
| Label | PMI |
| Producer | Andrew Vogel |


title: Phú Thọ Horse Racing Ground

abstract: Phu Tho Horse Racing Ground was the only place in Ho Chi Minh City and in Vietnam that organized horse racing. The racing ground was founded by the French colonists during French Indochina. It is situated in District 11, Ho Chi Minh City. It was the scene of a major battle between the Viet Cong and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the United States Army during the Tet Offensive. Phu Tho racecourse was built by the French in 1932 with an area of 444,540 m2. From May 31, 2011, the racecourse was closed by decision of the People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City.

text:
# Phú Thọ Horse Racing Ground

**Phu Tho Horse Racing Ground** was the only place in Ho Chi Minh City and in Vietnam that organized horse racing. The racing ground was founded by the French colonists during French Indochina. It is situated in District 11, Ho Chi Minh City.

It was the scene of a major battle between the Viet Cong and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the United States Army during the Tet Offensive.

Phu Tho racecourse was built by the French in 1932 with an area of 444,540 m2. From May 31, 2011, the racecourse was closed by decision of the People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City.

10°46′03″N 106°39′22″E / 10.76750°N 106.65611°E / 10.76750; 106.65611

US Army helicopters at the racetrack during the Tet Offensive


title: North Carolina Highway 160

abstract: North Carolina Highway 160 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, connecting the Steele Creek neighborhood of Charlotte, Charlotte Douglas International Airport, and Uptown Charlotte.

text:
# North Carolina Highway 160

**North Carolina Highway 160** (**NC 160**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, connecting the Steele Creek neighborhood of Charlotte, Charlotte Douglas International Airport, and Uptown Charlotte.

## Route description

NC 160 begins at the South Carolina border, where South Carolina Highway 160 (SC 160) ends near Tega Cay, South Carolina. From the state line, the route heads northwards, crossing South Tryon Street (NC 49) for the first time about two miles (3.2 km) inside North Carolina.

NC 160 winds its next five to six miles (8.0–9.7 km) going through southwest Charlotte's Steele Creek community and industrial district. The main intersection with NC 160 in this area, is at Westinghouse Boulevard; at this point, the route bears the street name Steele Creek Road.

Continuing north, NC 160 crosses over Seddon Rusty Goode Freeway (Interstate 485 (I-485), exit 4). One mile (1.6 km) after crossing I-485, NC 160 crosses into Charlotte's city limits again and enters the city's airport area, where Charlotte Douglas International Airport is located. After entering the area, NC 160 darts east-by-northeast onto West Boulevard, leaving Steele Creek Road (which briefly continues as Dixie Road) to head to the greater airport. NC 160 is the only way to access the Airport Police, the North Carolina Air National Guard station and the Charlotte Aviation Museum.

One mile (1.6 km) after leaving the airport area, NC 160 crosses over Billy Graham Parkway, formerly U.S. Route 521 (US 521), now part of Charlotte Highway 4. NC 160 goes on a few more miles through the urban area of west Charlotte before crossing over the Bill Lee Freeway (I-77/US 21). At this interchange (exit 9A), there are only exits from the southbound lanes of the freeway and entrances onto the northbound lanes of the freeway. To access I-77/US 21 southbound or to access NC 160 from northbound I-77/US 21, one must take an alternate route like Remount Road (exit 8).

NC 160 continues on a northeasterly direction toward Uptown Charlotte. Its eastern terminus is at South Tryon Street (NC 49) nearly one mile (1.6 km) southwest of center city. The road, West Boulevard, continues on as East Boulevard at this terminus. Turning north on NC 49 will take the driver to Uptown (downtown).

## History

Established in 1942 as a new primary routing, NC 160 was a mere 2 miles (3.2 km), connecting NC 49 to SC 160 on the South Carolina state line. Before its establishment, it was a secondary road connecting to then SC 211 (1939–1942). Between 1956–58, NC 160 was extended north along Steele Creek Road and Morris Field Drive to Wilkinson Boulevard (US 29/US 74). In 1967, NC 160 was rerouted east along West Boulevard to its current north terminus at NC 49 near Uptown Charlotte. In the late-1970s, the section near the Charlotte Douglas Airport was moved slightly south to allow airport expansion. Another relocation around a new Norfolk Southern intermodal facility yard near the Charlotte Douglas Airport was constructed between 2010 and 2012.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County.

| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0.0 | 0.0 |
SC 160 east Fort Mill | South Carolina state line |
| 2.0 | 3.2 | NC 49 (South Tryon Street) York |  |
| 7.0 | 11.3 | I-485 Pineville, Huntersville |  |
| 11.3 | 18.2 | Billy Graham ParkwayCharlotte Douglas Int'l Airport |  |
| 14.3 | 23.0 |

I-77 north / US 21 north Statesville | Southbound exit and northbound entrance |
| 14.9 | 24.0 | NC 49 (South Tryon Street) |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/North Carolina Highway 160KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| North Carolina Highway 160 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NCDOT | |
| Length | 14.9 mi (24.0 km) |
| Existed | 1942–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SC 160 at the South Carolina state line near Tega Cay, SC |
| Major intersections | I-485 in Charlotte
I-77 / US 21 in Charlotte |
| North end | NC 49 in Charlotte |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| Counties | Mecklenburg |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| NC 159   NC 161 | |


title: Rough & Ready Volume 1

abstract: Rough & Ready, Vol. 1 is a studio album released by Shabba Ranks. After his previous album, As Raw as Ever, received positive reviews, his good spell continued as Rough & Ready, Vol. 1 likewise received positive reviews and enjoyed some commercial success, reaching #71 in the UK and #82 in Germany. "Mr. Loverman" also appeared on the Deep Cover soundtrack.

text:
# Rough & Ready Volume 1

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Rough & Ready, Vol. 1*** is a studio album released by Shabba Ranks. After his previous album, *As Raw as Ever*, received positive reviews, his good spell continued as *Rough & Ready, Vol. 1* likewise received positive reviews and enjoyed some commercial success, reaching #71 in the UK and #82 in Germany.

"Mr. Loverman" also appeared on the *Deep Cover* soundtrack.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mr. Loverman" (featuring Chevelle Franklyn) | Bennett, Lindo, Ranks | 5:38 |
| 2. | "Pirates' Anthem" (featuring Cocoa Tea and Tony Rebel) | Bennett, Ranks, Scott, Tucker | 5:48 |
| 3. | "Wicked Inna Bed" | Browne, Johnson, Ranks | 3:31 |
| 4. | "Woodtop" | Browne, Gordon, Johnson, Ranks | 3:37 |
| 5. | "Gal Yuh' Good" | Browne, Johnson, Ranks | 3:45 |
| 6. | "Just Reality" | Browne, Johnson, Ranks | 3:27 |
| 7. | "Hard and Stiff" | Browne, Johnson, Ranks | 3:36 |
| 8. | "Caan Dun" | Browne, Gordon, Johnson, Ranks | 5:25 |
| 9. | "Raggamuffin" | Browne, Gordon, Ranks | 4:02 |
| 10. | "Bad & Wicked" | Gordon, Ranks | 3:45 |

## InfoBox

| Rough & Ready, Vol. 1 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Shabba Ranks | |
| Released | July 14, 1992 |
| Genre | Reggae fusion, dancehall, ragga |
| Length | 42:31 |
| Label | Epic |
| Shabba Ranks chronology | |
| *As Raw as Ever*
(1991) ***Rough & Ready, Vol. 1***
(1992) *X-tra Naked*
(1992) | |


title: Harald Böhmelt

abstract: Harald Böhmelt (1900–1982) was a German composer of film scores.

text:
# Harald Böhmelt

**Harald Böhmelt** (1900–1982) was a German composer of film scores.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Giesen, Rolf.  *Nazi Propaganda Films: A History and Filmography*. McFarland, 2003.

## InfoBox

| Harald Böhmelt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 23 October 1900
Halle, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 15 October 1982 (aged 81)
Bad Tölz, Bavaria, West Germany |
| Occupation | Composer |
| Years active | 1932–1961 (film) |


title: Ibragim Aldatov

abstract: Ibrahim Erikovych Aldatov is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Ossetian heritage who represents Ukraine. He won a gold medal in the 2006 FILA Wrestling World Championships and 2013 FILA Wrestling World Championships and won medals at three other World Championships. He participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Ibragim Aldatov

**Ibrahim Erikovych Aldatov** (born November 4, 1983, in Beslan, North Ossetian ASSR, Russian SFSR) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Ossetian heritage who represents Ukraine. He won a gold medal in the 2006 FILA Wrestling World Championships and 2013 FILA Wrestling World Championships and won medals at three other World Championships. He participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Ibragim Aldatov
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's Freestyle Wrestling | | |
| Representing  Ukraine | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 2006 Guangzhou | 74 kg |
|  | 2013 Budapest | 84 kg |
|  | 2007 Baku | 74 kg |
|  | 2011 Istanbul | 84 kg |
|  | 2009 Herning | 84 kg |
| European Championships | | |
|  | 2009 Vilnius | 84 kg |
|  | 2013 Tbilisi | 84 kg |
|  | 2016 Riga | 86 kg |


title: Two Summit Island

abstract: Two Summit Island is a small island marked by two prominent summits, lying at the east entrance to Fildes Strait in the South Shetland Islands. It was named initially named Two Hummock Island by DI personnel following their survey in 1935, but this name has been rejected because of probable confusion with Two Hummock Island in the north entrance to Gerlache Strait. Two Summit Island, equally descriptive of the feature, was recommended by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1954.

text:
# Two Summit Island

**Two Summit Island** is a small island marked by two prominent summits, lying at the east entrance to Fildes Strait in the South Shetland Islands. It was named initially named *Two Hummock Island* by DI personnel following their survey in 1935, but this name has been rejected because of probable confusion with Two Hummock Island in the north entrance to Gerlache Strait. *Two Summit Island*, equally descriptive of the feature, was recommended by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1954.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Two Summit Island". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

Two Summit Island
| Location of Fildes Strait in the South Shetland Islands | |
| --- | --- |
| Two Summit IslandLocation ofTwo Summit IslandTwo Summit Island (Antarctica) | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Coordinates | 62°14′10″S 58°56′46″W / 62.23611°S 58.94619°W / -62.23611; -58.94619 |
| Administration | |
| Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | Uninhabited |


title: Pyrgocythara guarani

abstract: Pyrgocythara guarani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

text:
# Pyrgocythara guarani

***Pyrgocythara guarani*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5.5 mm.

The brownish shell shows sometimes narrow, lighter bands. The longitudinal ribs are prominent, rounded, crenelating the suture; There are elevated revolving lines.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Florida, USA, and Southeastern Brazil.

* d'Orbigny. Moll. Amer. Mer., p. 445, pl. Ixxvii, f. 13, 14

* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.
* "*Pyrgocythara guarani*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgocythara guarani* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Pyrgocythara guarani* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgocythara* |
| Species: | ***P. guarani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgocythara guarani***<br>(d' Orbigny, 1841) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Daphnella (Mangilia) guarani* (Orbigny, 1841) * *Mangelia guarani* (Orbigny, 1841) * *Pleurotoma guarani* Orbigny, 1841 (original description) * *Pleurotoma obesicostata* Reeve, L.A., 1846 | |


title: WECL

abstract: WECL is an active rock formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Lake Hallie, Wisconsin, serving the Eau Claire/Chippewa Falls area. WECL is owned and operated by Mid-West Family Broadcasting.

text:
# WECL

**WECL** (92.9 FM, "The X") is an active rock formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Lake Hallie, Wisconsin, serving the Eau Claire/Chippewa Falls area. WECL is owned and operated by Mid-West Family Broadcasting.

## History

The station originally aired an adult contemporary format. When it was purchased by Midwest Family Communications that owned WIAL and WEAQ, it switched to an oldies format, becoming "Oldies 92.9" on January 1, 1995. The station also moved from the near the Menards Shopping Center on the northwest side of Eau Claire to Tower Drive on the northeast side. The station slogan was later changed to "Cool 92.9"

WECL, WIAL and WEAQ were sold to Central Communications (consisting of WAXX and WAYY) in 1996, and moved into the Central studios in Altoona, Wisconsin. The five stations, plus new sister station WDRK, were sold to Maverick Media, LLC in 2003.

WECL switched to a classic rock format branded as "Classic Rock 92.9 ECL" on March 1, 2004. The station adopted the moniker "92.9 The Big Cheese - The Station That Rocks" in September 2005, and a new mouse logo shortly thereafter. In September 2012, the moniker was revised to "92.9 The Big Cheese Rocks" and a new logo was unveiled on November 30 of that year.

WECL and its Eau Claire sister stations were sold to Mid-West Family Broadcasting for $15.5 million, taking effect on October 1, 2013.

Two days after the sale closed, on October 3, 2013, at 11:58 p.m., after playing *Again* by Alice in Chains, WECL began stunting with nonstop Metallica songs, beginning with *Fade to Black*. Three days later, on October 7, at 12:00 a.m., after playing *The Unforgiven II*, WECL switched to an Active Rock format as "92-9 The X". The first song played on "The X" was *American Idiot* by Green Day.

## Previous logos

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

WECL
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Eau Claire-Chippewa Falls |
| Frequency | 92.9 MHz |
| Branding | *92.9 The X* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Active rock |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WAXX, WAYY, WEAQ, WIAL, WISM-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | January 24, 1991 |
| Call sign meaning | **W** **E**au **CL**aire |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 64011 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,300 watts |
| HAAT | 136 meters (446 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 44°53′4″N 91°35′4″W / 44.88444°N 91.58444°W / 44.88444; -91.58444 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | 929thex.com |


title: Un œil sur la planète

abstract: Un œil sur la planète was a French television quarterly geopolitical newsmagazine show that ran on Channel France 2 from 2002-2017. Directed throughout the entire run by Patrick Boitet, the show was presented by Thierry Thuillier from 2002 to 2008, by Étienne Leenhardt from 2008 to 2015 and by Samah Soula from 2016 to 2017. After the 9/11 attacks, France 2 editor-in-chief Olivier Mazerolle desired to air a program to better understand less-known places on the globe. The program's format by week zeroed in on a specific nation or region, and offered 4-5 reports detailing cultural, economic, or geopolitical issues within, with ground reporting and very little in-studio segments. The program routinely achieved a 10% audience share, with an all-time high of 20.8%. It was cancelled in 2017.

text:
# Un œil sur la planète

***Un œil sur la planète*** (English: An Eye on the Planet) was a French television quarterly geopolitical newsmagazine show that ran on Channel France 2 from 2002-2017. Directed throughout the entire run by Patrick Boitet, the show was presented by Thierry Thuillier from 2002 to 2008, by Étienne Leenhardt from 2008 to 2015 and by Samah Soula from 2016 to 2017. After the 9/11 attacks, France 2 editor-in-chief Olivier Mazerolle desired to air a program to better understand less-known places on the globe. The program's format by week zeroed in on a specific nation or region, and offered 4-5 reports detailing cultural, economic, or geopolitical issues within, with ground reporting and very little in-studio segments. The program routinely achieved a 10% audience share, with an all-time high of 20.8%. It was cancelled in 2017.


title: Oaklisp

abstract: Oaklisp is a message based portable object-oriented Scheme developed by Kevin J. Lang and Barak A. Pearlmutter while Computer Science PhD students at Carnegie Mellon University. Oaklisp uses a superset of Scheme syntax. It is based on generic operations rather than functions, and features anonymous classes, multiple inheritance, a strong error system, setters and locators for operations, and a facility for dynamic binding. Version 1.2 includes an interface, bytecode compiler, run-time system and documentation.

text:
# Oaklisp

**Oaklisp** is a message based portable object-oriented Scheme developed by Kevin J. Lang and Barak A. Pearlmutter while Computer Science PhD students at Carnegie Mellon University. Oaklisp uses a superset of Scheme syntax. It is based on generic operations rather than functions, and features anonymous classes, multiple inheritance, a strong error system, setters and locators for operations, and a facility for dynamic binding.

Version 1.2 includes an interface, bytecode compiler, run-time system and documentation.

## InfoBox

Oaklisp
| Paradigm | multi-paradigm: object-oriented, functional, procedural |
| --- | --- |
| Designed by | Kevin J. Lang & Barak A. Pearlmutter |
| First appeared | 1986 |
|  | |
| Stable release | 07-Jan-2000 / January 7, 2000 |
|  | |
| Typing discipline | dynamic, strong |
| Major implementations | |
| Oaklisp | |
| Influenced by | |
| Scheme, , Smalltalk | |
| Influenced | |
| EuLisp Java, Dylan | |


title: Physocrotaphus

abstract: Physocrotaphus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Physocrotaphus ceylonicus. It is found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Physocrotaphus

***Physocrotaphus*** is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, *Physocrotaphus ceylonicus*. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Physocrotaphus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Tribe: | Physocrotaphini |
| Genus: | *Physocrotaphus*
Parry, 1849 |
| Species: | ***P. ceylonicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Physocrotaphus ceylonicus***
Parry, 1849 | |
|


title: North Carolina Highway 161

abstract: North Carolina Highway 161 (NC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina that connects the city of Kings Mountain, North Carolina to Bessemer City, North Carolina and York, South Carolina.

text:
# North Carolina Highway 161

**North Carolina Highway 161** (**NC 161**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina that connects the city of Kings Mountain, North Carolina to Bessemer City, North Carolina and York, South Carolina.

## Route description

## History

The first NC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing from Warrensville to the Virginia state line, in Ashe County. In 1937 it was renumbered as NC 162 (and is currently NC 194).

The second and current NC 161 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of NC 215 to match SC 161; it ran from the South Carolina state line to U.S. Route 29 (US 29) and US 74 (now US 74 Business) in Kings Mountain. In 1939, the highway was extended northeast to NC 274 Bessemer City replacing US 29A/US 74A.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| GastonCleveland
county line |  | 0.0 | 0.0 |
SC 161 south York | South Carolina state line |
| Cleveland | Kings Mountain | 4.6–
4.8 | 7.4–
7.7 | I-85 / US 29 Gastonia, Gaffney | Exit 8 (I-85) |
| | | 5.8 | 9.3 |
US 74 Bus. (East King Street) |  |
| | | 6.2–
6.3 | 10.0–
10.1 |
US 74 to I-85 Shelby, Gastonia | Interchange |
| Gaston | Bessemer City | 10.6 | 17.1 | NC 274 (West Virginia Avenue) / North 13th Street Cherryville, Gastonia |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/North Carolina Highway 161KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| North Carolina Highway 161 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NCDOT | |
| Length | 10.6 mi (17.1 km) |
| Existed | 1937–present |
| Tourist
routes | Crowders Mountain Drive |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SC 161 at the South Carolina state line near Kings Mountain S.P. |
| Major intersections | I-85 / US 29 near Kings Mountain
US 74 in Kings Mountain |
| North end | NC 274 in Bessemer City |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| Counties | Cleveland, Gaston |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| NC 160   NC 162 | |


title: Lathi, Gujarat

abstract: Lathi is a town with municipality in Amreli district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

text:
# Lathi, Gujarat

**Lathi** is a town with municipality in Amreli district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

## Geography

Lathi is located at 21°43′N 71°23′E / 21.72°N 71.38°E / 21.72; 71.38. It has an average elevation of 141 metres (462 feet).

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Lathi had a population of 20,964. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Lathi has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 55%. In Lathi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## InfoBox

| Lathi | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| LathiLocation in Gujarat, IndiaLathiLathi (India) | |
| Coordinates: 21°27′N 71°23′E / 21.45°N 71.38°E / 21.45; 71.38 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Gujarat |
| District | Amreli |
| Elevation | 141 m (463 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 21,173 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Gujarati, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 365430 |
| Vehicle registration | GJ |
| Website | gujaratindia.com |


title: Harmancık, Pazarcık

abstract: Harmancık is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Turks and had a population of 52 in 2022.

text:
# Harmancık, Pazarcık

**Harmancık** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Turks and had a population of 52 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Harmancık | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| HarmancıkLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°30′53″N 37°32′22″E / 37.51472°N 37.53944°E / 37.51472; 37.53944 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kahramanmaraş |
| District | Pazarcık |
| Population (2022) | 52 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Oktoberfest Sevens

abstract: The Oktoberfest Rugby 7s was a rugby sevens tournament held in Munich, Germany, during the Oktoberfest event. In the first edition in 2017, Australia won the title in the final against Fiji, the Olympic champion from Rio. In 2019, South Africa won against Fiji, who made it again to the finals. The home team, Germany, finished 4th after losing to the All Blacks Sevens from New Zealand in the bronze medal match. In 2020 and 2021, the Oktoberfest Rugby 7s, had been cancelled due to the corona pandemic. The tournament will return to the Olympic Stadium in Munich 2022. Over 30,000 spectators from Germany and the World, mostly wearing fancy dress, celebrated in 2019 on the stands and created a unique atmosphere. Live acts, DJs and an entertainment program fill the breaks between the games over two days. In 2017 and 2019, the German TV station “Sport 1” broadcast the tournament live. Apart from this, the Oktoberfest Rugby 7s broadcasts in over 60 countries worldwide.

text:
# Oktoberfest Sevens

The **Oktoberfest Rugby 7s** was a rugby sevens tournament held in Munich, Germany, during the Oktoberfest event. In the first edition in 2017, Australia won the title in the final against Fiji, the Olympic champion from Rio. In 2019, South Africa won against Fiji, who made it again to the finals. The home team, Germany, finished 4th after losing to the All Blacks Sevens from New Zealand in the bronze medal match. In 2020 and 2021, the Oktoberfest Rugby 7s, had been cancelled due to the corona pandemic. The tournament will return to the Olympic Stadium in Munich 2022.

Over 30,000 spectators from Germany and the World, mostly wearing fancy dress, celebrated in 2019 on the stands and created a unique atmosphere.

Live acts, DJs and an entertainment program fill the breaks between the games over two days.

In 2017 and 2019, the German TV station “Sport 1” broadcast the tournament live. Apart from this, the Oktoberfest Rugby 7s broadcasts in over 60 countries worldwide.

## Format

In 2017 the teams at the inaugural event were drawn into three pools of four teams each. Each team played all the others in their pool once. The top two teams from each pool advance to the Cup brackets while the top 2 third place teams also compete in the Cup/Plate. The other teams from each group play-off for the Challenge Trophy.

In 2019 only 8 teams took part at the tournament and were drawn into 2 pools of four teams each.

## Teams 2017

## Teams 2019

## Results

| Year | Final | | | Third place | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Winner | Result | 2nd Place | 3rd Place | Result | 4th Place |
| 2017 | Australia | **40:7** | Fiji | South Africa | **42:7** | England |
| 2019 | South Africa | **12:10** | Fiji | New Zealand | **22:12** | Germany |

5. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/sport/mehr-sport/rugby-boom-ohne-deutschland-kleinbuehne-statt-kirschbluete-16391375.html

6. https://www.foxsports.com.au/rugby/sevens/all-hail-mozzalenko-the-cheeky-chippy-lighting-up-world-rugby/news-story/dffc9e730abd67d978fb8e2340c4cee6

7. https://www.france24.com/en/20190920-new-zealand-south-africa-among-favourites-for-oktoberfest-sevens-in-munich

## InfoBox

Oktoberfest Rugby 7s
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host | Germany |
| Venue | Olympiastadion, Munich |
| Teams | 8 |
| Website | www.oktoberfest7s.com |


title: Ming Prefecture (Hebei)

abstract: Ming Prefecture, also known by its Chinese name Mingzhou, was a prefecture (zhou) of imperial China in present-day Hebei Province. It existed intermittently from AD 578 to 1278. Its seat—also known at the time as Mingzhou—was at Guangfu in Handan's Yongnian District.

text:
# Ming Prefecture (Hebei)

**Ming Prefecture**, also known by its Chinese name **Mingzhou**, was a prefecture (*zhou*) of imperial China in present-day Hebei Province. It existed intermittently from AD 578 to 1278. Its seat—also known at the time as Mingzhou—was at Guangfu in Handan's Yongnian District.

## Geography

The administrative region of Ming Prefecture in the Tang dynasty is under the administration of modern Handan in southern Hebei. It probably includes parts of modern:

* Shi Weile, ed. (2005). *Zhongguo Lishi Diming Da Cidian* (中国历史地名大词典) \[*Large Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names*\] (in Chinese). China Social Sciences Press. p. 1989. ISBN 7-5004-4929-1.

## InfoBox

| Ming Prefecture | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese |  |
| Literal meaning | Ming River Prefecture |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Míngzhōu  Wade–Giles Ming Chou | |
|  | |


title: Pyrgocythara laqueata

abstract: Pyrgocythara laqueata, common name the tied mangelia, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This is a taxon inquirendum.

text:
# Pyrgocythara laqueata

***Pyrgocythara laqueata***, common name the **tied mangelia**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

This is a taxon inquirendum.

## Description

The few ribs of the shell are stout and remote. The sinus is not very distinct. The color of the shell is dull white.

## Distribution

This species occurs off the West Indies.

* Reeve L.A. (1846). Monograph of the genus Mangelia. In: Conchologia Iconica, vol. 3, pl. 1–8 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* "*Mangilia laqueata*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgocythara laqueata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Pyrgocythara laqueata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgocythara* |
| Species: | ***P. laqueata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgocythara laqueata***<br>(Reeve, L.A., 1846) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mangilia laqueata* Reeve, L.A., 1846 * *Pleurotoma laqueata* Reeve, 1846 (original combination) | |


title: WECM

abstract:
WECM may refer to:
  - The MV SSG EDWARD A. CARTER JR., a US Flagged vessel, was issued call sign WECM from 2016 to present.
  - WJKS (FM), a radio station licensed to Hartford, Vermont, United States, which held the call sign WECM from 2014 to 2015
  - WTKE (AM), a radio station licensed to Milton, Florida, United States, which used the call sign WECM from 1989 to 2010
  - WHDQ, a radio station licensed to Claremont, New Hampshire, United States, which used the call sign WECM from 1972 to 1985

text:
# WECM

**WECM** may refer to:

* The MV SSG EDWARD A. CARTER JR., a US Flagged vessel, was issued call sign WECM from 2016 to present.
* WJKS (FM), a radio station (104.3 FM) licensed to Hartford, Vermont, United States, which held the call sign WECM from 2014 to 2015
* WTKE (AM), a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to Milton, Florida, United States, which used the call sign WECM from 1989 to 2010
* WHDQ, a radio station (106.1 FM) licensed to Claremont, New Hampshire, United States, which used the call sign WECM from 1972 to 1985


title: Ulmus minor 'Hoersholmiensis'

abstract: The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Hoersholmiensis', Hoersholm elm, originated from seed sown at the Hørsholm Planteskole, Denmark, c. 1885, where it was propagated by the nursery proprietor Lars Nielsen. The Späth nursery of Berlin, however, which marketed 'Hoersholmiensis' in the interwar period, considered it a hybrid rather than a form of field elm, a view shared by Christine Buisman, who in 1931 labelled a herbarium specimen from a Späth-sourced tree in The Hague as a form of Ulmus × hollandica.

text:
# Ulmus minor 'Hoersholmiensis'

The **Field Elm** cultivar ***Ulmus minor*** '**Hoersholmiensis'**, **Hoersholm elm**, originated from seed sown at the Hørsholm Planteskole, Denmark, c. 1885, where it was propagated by the nursery proprietor Lars Nielsen. The Späth nursery of Berlin, however, which marketed 'Hoersholmiensis' in the interwar period, considered it a hybrid rather than a form of field elm, a view shared by Christine Buisman, who in 1931 labelled a herbarium specimen from a Späth-sourced tree in The Hague as a form of *Ulmus* × *hollandica*.

## Description

Upright-columnar in habit and rapid in growth when young, the tree becomes more globose with age. The leaves, 8 – 14 cm long by 3 – 5 cm wide, are lanceolate or narrowly obovate, acuminate at the tip and with a cuneate base, light green in colour, turning a deep yellow (sometimes following a brief orange-red) in autumn. The samara is heart-shaped, with marginal seed by a markedly open notch.

## Pests and diseases

'Hoersholmiensis' is susceptible to Dutch elm disease and Coral-spot Fungus *Nectria cinnabarina*.

## Cultivation

The tree is cultivated in Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and the Netherlands. In Denmark it is usually propagated by base-grafting on wych elm; here the oldest known plantation was 65 trees on the Tuborgvej, Copenhagen, planted in 1906. The Späth nursery of Berlin distributed 'Hoersholmiensis' from the late 1920s. In the Netherlands it was planted notably along the Westlandsgracht in Amsterdam where it still survives, although upper branches are often killed by Coral-spot Fungus. Heybroek, having observed in 1957 its wind-resistance in Schleswig-Holstein, included Hoersholm elm in his breeding programme (see 'Hybrid cultivars' below). Fontaine confirmed it a useful wind-break tree. The tree was briefly propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire, from 1974 to 1977, during which time 187 were sold.

## Notable trees

Fine unpruned specimens stand in Stockholm, in Raoul Wallenberg square and the Karlaplan.

## Hybrid cultivars

The tree was hybridized with 'Commelin' and *U. pumila* as part of the Dutch elm breeding programme at the De Dorschkamp Institute, Wageningen. Seeds arising from the crossing were donated by Hans Heybroek to the University of Wisconsin-Madison programme in 1960. The clone 'Regal' was a frost-hardy selection from the resultant seedlings, whilst the later 1984 USDA release 'Homestead' arose from the crossing of another with *U. pumila*.

## Synonymy

* *Ulmus carpinifolia* 'Hoersholm': Krüssmann, *Handbuch der Laubgehölze* 2: 534, 1962
* *Ulmus carpinifolia* 'Hoersholmensis': *Mededeeling, Comite inzake Bestudeering en Bestrijding van de Iepenziekte*, 13: 10, 1933
* *Ulmus carpinifolia* 'Hoersholmii': *Plant Buyer's Guide*, ed. 6, 285, 1958
* *Ulmus carpinifolia* var. *horsholmii*: Melville, *Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany*, 53: 88, 90. 1946

## Accessions

### Europe

## Nurseries

### Europe

* Centrum voor Botanische Verrijking vzw, Kampenhout, Belgium, (as *Ulmus minor* 'Hoersholm').
* Noordplant , Glimmen, The Netherlands
* De Reebock , Zwalm, Belgium

## InfoBox

| *Ulmus minor* 'Hoersholmiensis' | |
| --- | --- |
| 'Hoersholmiensis', Amsterdam. | |
| Species | *Ulmus minor* |
| Cultivar | 'Hoersholmiensis' |
| Origin | Hørsholm, Denmark |