title: History Workshop Journal

abstract: The History Workshop Journal is a British academic history journal published by Oxford University Press. History Workshop was founded in 1976 by Raphael Samuel and others involved in the History Workshop movement. Originally sub-titled "A Journal of Socialist Historians", it later changed the sub-title to "A Journal of Socialist and Feminist Historians" before dropping the sub-title in 1994. The Journal "publishes a wide variety of essays, reports and reviews, ranging from literary to economic subjects, local history to geopolitical analyses." According to the Times Higher Education website, History Workshop Journal is ranked number 9 in the top 20 history journals worldwide, ranked by their five-year impact factors, as of 2011. This information was presented in Thomson Reuters' Journal Citation Reports for the social sciences for 2009.

text:
# History Workshop Journal

The ***History Workshop Journal*** is a British academic history journal published by Oxford University Press. *History Workshop* was founded in 1976 by Raphael Samuel and others involved in the History Workshop movement. Originally sub-titled "A Journal of Socialist Historians", it later changed the sub-title to "A Journal of Socialist and Feminist Historians" before dropping the sub-title in 1994.

The Journal "publishes a wide variety of essays, reports and reviews, ranging from literary to economic subjects, local history to geopolitical analyses." According to the *Times Higher Education* website, *History Workshop Journal* is ranked number 9 in the top 20 history journals worldwide, ranked by their five-year impact factors, as of 2011. This information was presented in Thomson Reuters' *Journal Citation Reports* for the social sciences for 2009.

## The History Workshop movement

The main aim of the History Workshop movement was to promote the historiographical tradition known variously as history from below, social history, the history of everyday life, or simply people's history. Bill Schwarz wrote that the "History Workshop functioned in Britain as an effective alternative historical apparatus. It countered the intellectual and political conservatism of the dominant historical profession, setting up an alternative means for producing historical knowledge which had roots deep in the subordinate groups of British society". Samuel defined the movement as being "the belief that history is or ought to be a collaborative enterprise, one in which the researcher, the archivist, the curator and the teacher, the 'do-it-yourself' enthusiast and the local historian, the family history societies and the individual archaeologist, should all be regarded as equally engaged."

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the History Workshop movement grew in popularity, which saw the foundation of a number of local History Workshops and a series of pamphlets, books and journals, including the *History Workshop Journal*. The British movement also inspired several international History Workshops in Europe, South Africa and America.

## History Workshop Online

An associated website, the History Workshop Online, was launched by the editorial collective of the *History Workshop Journal* in 2011. This moderated website publishes shorter and more contemporary-focused articles than appear in *History Workshop Journal*, as well as editorials, debates, news and events, and a series of articles on "Radical Objects". These "Radical Objects" are tangible objects, such as badges or pamphlets, with direct relationships to events or themes in radical history. In October 2012, the History Workshop Online, in collaboration with the Bishopsgate Institute, launched an online archive of material from the History Workshop Movement, which includes background information about each History Workshop and associated events from the 1960s to the 1990s. The material available on the History Workshop archive also includes scans of images, tickets and pamphlets and audio recordings from the History Workshops themselves.

## Footnotes

## Further reading

## InfoBox

*History Workshop Journal*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Historiography |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Marybeth Hamilton |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | History Workshop |
| History | 1976–present |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (United Kingdom) |
| Frequency | Biannual |
| Impact factor | 0.528 (2018) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Hist. Workshop J.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | HWOJFT |
| ISSN | 1363-3554 (print)
1477-4569 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 96649697 |
| OCLC no. | 50234546 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Aristotelia eldorada

abstract: Aristotelia eldorada is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Keifer in 1936. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.

text:
# Aristotelia eldorada

***Aristotelia eldorada*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Keifer in 1936. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.

## InfoBox

| *Aristotelia eldorada* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Aristotelia* |
| Species: | ***A. eldorada*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aristotelia eldorada***<br>Keifer, 1936 | |
|


title: Oğulköy, Kastamonu

abstract: Oğulköy is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 192 (2021).

text:
# Oğulköy, Kastamonu

**Oğulköy** is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 192 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Oğulköy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| OğulköyLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°28′N 33°54′E / 41.467°N 33.900°E / 41.467; 33.900 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kastamonu |
| District | Kastamonu |
| Population (2021) | 192 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Thoppumpady

abstract: Thoppumpady is a ward of Kochi, Kerala. The Thoppumpady Bridge connects Willingdon Island with the Fort Kochi peninsula.

text:
# Thoppumpady

**Thoppumpady** is a ward of Kochi, Kerala. The Thoppumpady Bridge connects Willingdon Island with the Fort Kochi peninsula.

## Geography

It is located at 9°56′7″N 76°15′33″E / 9.93528°N 76.25917°E / 9.93528; 76.25917.

## How to reach

Thoppumpady is about 9 km away from the South Railway Station. It has bus services to particular locations in the city.

It is connected to the Willington Island via the Mattancherry Bridge built by the British in the pre-independence period popular among the local community as "Old Harbour Bridge" or "Pazhaya Thoppumpady Paalam" in the local dialect. This bridge is a classic work of the British engineering division. The centre of the bridge can be raised to let bigger boats pass under it. The new Mattancherry bridge built approximately one kilometer near it now carries most of the traffic from Thopumpady to the Willington Island. After a renovation by the Cochin Port Authority in 2015 the Old Harbour Bridge was re-opened for the public. However, due to safety concerns, government authorities permit only light motor vehicles to cross the bridge.

Thoppumpady is 3 km from Mattancherry and 5 km from Fort Kochi. Old NH 47 passes through Thoppumpady.

The old railway station, Harbour Terminus, is just down the Mattancherry Bridge. Only cargo trains come to this station. The Willingdon Island is connected via the Venduruthy Bridge to Thevara. Willington Islands is a government owned property. The major places on the island are the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command, Naval Airport, Cochin Port Trust, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Hotel Taj Malabar, Hotel Casino, and Hotel Trident. The major roads in Thoppumpady are Aroor Thoppumpady road also known as Old NH 47, PT Jacob road connecting Thoppumpady with SH66, kochupally road, Pallichal road, Tagore road etc.

## Economy

Cochin Fisheries Harbour, located at Thoppumpady, is one of the major fishing industries in the state.Marina mall, a kind of hypermarket is located at Thoppumpady.

## Location

1. "Old bridge may get new lease of life | Kochi News - Times of India". *The Times of India*.

## InfoBox

| Thoppumpady | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward | |
| Old Thoppumpady Bridge, at night | |
| ThoppumpadyLocation in Kerala, India | |
| Coordinates: 9°56′7″N 76°15′33″E / 9.93528°N 76.25917°E / 9.93528; 76.25917 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Ernakulam |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 682005 |
| Telephone code | 0484 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-43 |
| Nearest city | Kochi |


title: Wendel Clark

abstract: Wendel L. Clark is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. His professional career lasted from 1985 until 2000, during which time he played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Quebec Nordiques, New York Islanders, Tampa Bay Lightning, Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks. He was chosen first overall in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft by the Maple Leafs, the team he played with on three occasions, captaining the team from 1991 to 1994. Clark is a fan favourite in Toronto, continuing to represent the Maple Leafs at public events.

text:
# Wendel Clark

**Wendel L. Clark** (born October 25, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. His professional career lasted from 1985 until 2000, during which time he played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Quebec Nordiques, New York Islanders, Tampa Bay Lightning, Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks. He was chosen first overall in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft by the Maple Leafs, the team he played with on three occasions, captaining the team from 1991 to 1994. Clark is a fan favourite in Toronto, continuing to represent the Maple Leafs at public events.

## Playing career

### Junior

A star junior hockey defenceman with the Saskatoon Blades of the Western Hockey League, Clark was a member of Canada's gold medal-winning team at the 1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

### Toronto Maple Leafs (1985–1994)

Clark was converted to forward after he was selected first overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft. Clark was known for his physical play and his offensive mind combined with scoring prowess. As tough as Clark was, his scoring touch and offensive ability was equal to his on-ice toughness. Clark's 227 PIM in his rookie season was the 1985–86 Toronto Maple Leafs team-high, along with 34 goals which also led the team. After his rookie season, he was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team and finished third in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy.

Clark was named captain of the team for the 1991–92 season. During the 1992–93 season, Clark's second year captaining the team, the Leafs set team records in wins (44) and points (99) and also made the playoffs for the first time in three years. The Leafs had a memorable run to the Campbell Conference Finals, but after leading the best-of-seven series three games to two coming within one game of advancing to the Stanley Cup Finals, they lost to the Wayne Gretzky-led Los Angeles Kings, who were coached by Clark's cousin, Barry Melrose.

Two career-defining moments happened in this series for Clark: his toe-to-toe fight in Game 1 of the series with enforcer Marty McSorley in retribution for a big hit McSorley made on Leafs star Doug Gilmour, and his hat-trick in Game Six of the seven-game series. "That series was probably the most excitement I saw around here," proclaimed Clark, who had a legendary series performance with 20 points (10 goals and 10 assists) in his 21 games during the '93 playoffs. "It was the furthest the Leafs had advanced in a long time, the team was coming together at the right time and everybody was doing their jobs."

Clark managed a career-high 46 goals in 64 games for the Leafs during the 1993–94 season, playing on a line with Dave Andreychuk and Doug Gilmour. In the playoffs, the Leafs made a second consecutive trip to the Conference Finals but fell 4–1 to the Vancouver Canucks, who were coached by future Leafs coach Pat Quinn.

### Trades, return to Toronto and later years (1994–2000)

In June 1994, with his value at an all-time high, Clark was traded to the Quebec Nordiques in a multi-player deal that notably involved a young Mats Sundin. He was succeeded as Maple Leafs captain by Gilmour. Clark played the lockout-shortened 1994–95 NHL season in Quebec.

After the Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche, Clark became embroiled in a contract dispute with the team. As a result, shortly before the beginning of the 1995–96 campaign, he was sent to the New York Islanders in a three-way trade that brought Claude Lemieux to Colorado and Steve Thomas to the New Jersey Devils. Clark played 58 games with the Islanders but finished the season back in Toronto.

The Islanders received a first-round pick from the Leafs (4th overall in 1997) which turned out to be Roberto Luongo.

In 1998 Clark signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Lightning, where he earned a spot on the North American All-Star team and went on to score 28 goals in 65 games. Despite his success in Tampa Bay, he was dealt at the trade deadline to the Detroit Red Wings, where he finished the 1998–99 season. Clark signed with the Chicago Blackhawks later in 1999 but only appeared in 13 games with the team.

Upon returning to the Leafs in 2000, after being benched by the Blackhawks, Clark was not particularly effective for the remainder of the regular season, but he found his form for the Leafs' playoff run. Leaf fans gave their former captain a 90-second standing ovation after Clark barreled into the New Jersey Devils zone and hit the post in Game 1. During Game 4, Clark assisted on the game-winning goal that gave the Leafs a 2–1 victory and tied the series with the Devils.

## Post-retirement

Clark is now employed by the Toronto Maple Leafs Hockey Club as a community ambassador and public relations. He can be seen at virtually all Leaf home games, usually with his wife Denise and children. The Toronto Maple Leafs honoured the former captain by raising his legendary number 17 to the rafters on November 22, 2008, at the Air Canada Centre. The number was officially retired by the team on October 15, 2016, during a home pre-game ceremony in which 17 players representing 11 sweater numbers were similarly honoured. Prior to the Leafs' Hockey Day in Canada game against the Ottawa Senators on Saturday, February 18, 2017, it was announced that statues of iconic Leafs Charlie Conacher, Red Kelly, Frank Mahovlich and Wendel would be added to the Leafs' Legends Row, located outside the Air Canada Centre, as part of the ongoing Maple Leafs' Centennial Anniversary.

He owns Wendel Clark's Classic Grill and Sports Lounge, with four restaurants in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Brampton, Ontario; Oshawa, Ontario; and Burlington, Ontario. He resides in King City.

## Personal life

### Family

Clark's first cousin is ex-NHLer and ESPN commentator Barry Melrose; he is also a cousin of former Detroit Red Wing and Saskatoon Blades playerJoe Kocur.

Clark's younger brother Kerry Clark was also a professional hockey player; he was a career minor leaguer who is in the top 60 in minor league history in penalty minutes with 2812. Clark's other brother, Donn Clark, is best known for being the head coach of the Prince Albert Raiders and the Saskatoon Blades.

Clark's son, Kody, played three seasons for the Ottawa 67's of the Ontario Hockey League beginning in 2016. Kody was selected 47th overall in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft by the Washington Capitals, and played three seasons for the Hershey Bears.

Though it was released very early in his career, arguably before he became well known as a player, Clark was celebrated by the Canadian band The Rheostatics in the song "The Ballad of Wendel Clark Parts I & II" on their debut album, *Greatest Hits*.

## Awards

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1983–84 | Saskatoon Blades | WHL | | 72 | 23 | 45 | 68 | 225 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1984–85 | Saskatoon Blades | WHL | | 64 | 32 | 55 | 87 | 253 | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 7 |
| 1985–86 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 66 | 34 | 11 | 45 | 227 | | 10 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 47 |
| 1986–87 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 80 | 37 | 23 | 60 | 271 | | 13 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 38 |
| 1987–88 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 28 | 12 | 11 | 23 | 80 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 15 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 66 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 38 | 18 | 8 | 26 | 116 | | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 19 |
| 1990–91 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 63 | 18 | 16 | 34 | 152 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 43 | 19 | 21 | 40 | 123 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 66 | 17 | 22 | 39 | 193 | | 21 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 51 |
| 1993–94 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 64 | 46 | 30 | 76 | 115 | | 18 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 24 |
| 1994–95 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 37 | 12 | 18 | 30 | 45 | | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 1995–96 | New York Islanders | NHL | | 58 | 24 | 19 | 43 | 60 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995–96 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 13 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 16 | | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| 1996–97 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 65 | 30 | 19 | 49 | 75 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1997–98 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 47 | 12 | 7 | 19 | 80 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1998–99 | Tampa Bay Lightning | NHL | | 65 | 28 | 14 | 42 | 35 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1998–99 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 12 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | | 10 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 |
| 1999–2000 | Chicago Blackhawks | NHL | | 13 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–2000 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 20 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 21 | | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| NHL totals | | | | 793 | 330 | 234 | 564 | 1,690 | | 95 | 37 | 32 | 69 | 201 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | Canada | WJC | | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |

## InfoBox

| Wendel Clark | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Clark in 2008 | | | |
| Born | (1966-10-25) October 25, 1966
Kelvington, Saskatchewan, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) | | |
| Weight | 194 lb (88 kg; 13 st 12 lb) | | |
| Position | Left wing/Defence | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Toronto Maple Leafs
Quebec Nordiques
New York Islanders
Tampa Bay Lightning
Detroit Red Wings
Chicago Blackhawks | | |
| National team | Canada | | |
| NHL draft | 1st overall, 1985
Toronto Maple Leafs | | |
| Playing career | 19852000 | | |
| Medal record      Representing  Canada  Men's ice hockey  World Junior Championships  1985 Finland | | | |


title: Wasted Little DJs

abstract: "Wasted Little DJs" is the debut single of Dundee indie band the View, taken from their first album, Hats Off to the Buskers (2007). Before its physical release on 7 August 2006, the single had reached number 73 on the UK Singles Chart on downloads only before climbing up to number 15 the following week. It spent two more weeks in the UK top 40 before dropping out altogether. In the band's native Scotland, the song reached number one on the Scottish Singles Chart. The song was placed at number nine on NME's list of the top 50 singles of 2006. and went on to later win the public vote for Best Track at the NME Awards 2007. On the artwork for the single the title was given as "Wasted Little DJ's", which is grammatically incorrect; however, by the time the album was released, the mistaken apostrophe had been dropped and the track was listed as "Wasted Little DJs" by the label.

text:
# Wasted Little DJs

"**Wasted Little DJs**" is the debut single of Dundee indie band the View, taken from their first album, *Hats Off to the Buskers* (2007). Before its physical release on 7 August 2006, the single had reached number 73 on the UK Singles Chart on downloads only before climbing up to number 15 the following week. It spent two more weeks in the UK top 40 before dropping out altogether. In the band's native Scotland, the song reached number one on the Scottish Singles Chart.

The song was placed at number nine on *NME*'s list of the top 50 singles of 2006. and went on to later win the public vote for Best Track at the NME Awards 2007. On the artwork for the single the title was given as "Wasted Little DJ's", which is grammatically incorrect; however, by the time the album was released, the mistaken apostrophe had been dropped and the track was listed as "Wasted Little DJs" by the label.

## Track listings

* **UK CD single**

1. "Wasted Little DJ's"
2. "Posh Boys"
3. "Comin' Down" (live)
4. "Wasted Little DJ's" (video)

* **UK 7-inch single**

1. "Wasted Little DJ's"
2. "Posh Boys"

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "Wasted Little DJs" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by the View | |
| from the album  *Hats Off to the Buskers* | |
| B-side | * "Posh Boys" * "Comin' Down" (live) |
| Released | 7 August 2006 (2006-08-07) |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 3:57 |
| Label | 1965 |
| Songwriter(s) | Kyle Falconer, Kieren Webster |
| Producer(s) | Owen Morris |
| The View singles chronology | |
| "**Wasted Little DJs**"
(2006) "Superstar Tradesman"
(2006) | |


title: Iwan Müller

abstract: Iwan Müller, sometimes spelled Iwan Mueller, was a clarinetist, composer and inventor who at the beginning of the 19th century was responsible for a major step forward in the development of the clarinet, the air-tight pad.

text:
# Iwan Müller

**Iwan Müller**, sometimes spelled **Iwan Mueller** (14 December 1786, Reval, Governorate of Estonia – 4 February 1854, Bückeburg), was a clarinetist, composer and inventor who at the beginning of the 19th century was responsible for a major step forward in the development of the clarinet, the air-tight pad.

## Biography

Müller was born in Reval (present-day Tallinn), at that time a city with a strong Baltic German community in the Governorate of Estonia, part of the Russian Empire. He became a chamber musician in Saint Petersburg before he was twenty. At the same time, he was constantly striving to improve the clarinet, with new types of keywork. At the time, the standard clarinet used flat brass plates covered in soft leather to cover the toneholes. Since these leaked air, the number of them had to be kept to a minimum, which meant that notes outside the main scale of the clarinet (*accidentals*) had to be obtained by complicated fingerings which were difficult to play quickly and rarely were in tune. Clarinets would have five or six keys, the bare minimum to obtain an acceptable chromatic scale.

Müller's solution was the *stuffed pad*, originally made of kid leather stuffed with felt. These pads would "bulge", such that in combination with countersunk tone holes (called Zwirl or twist or twister), would close the keyholes sufficiently tight to permit the use of an increased number of keys making the "clarinette omnitonique" possible.

In addition to the fingering system and felt pads, Müller is also known as the inventor of metal ligature (that replaced twine, string and wire, widely used in the past and still used today in German-speaking regions), which are used today in almost all single-reeded woodwind instruments.

Müller went on to work in Dresden, Berlin and Leipzig, where he specialized in the basset-horn, a type of low-pitched clarinet.

In 1809 Müller performed to great acclaim on a clarinet made to his own specifications. In that same year, Müller moved to Paris, gained the support of a wealthy patron, (Mr.) Marie-Pierre Petit, and started mass-producing clarinets.

In 1812 Müller presented his new 13-key clarinet with air-tight pads to the Paris Conservatoire, but they weren't impressed. Nevertheless, Müller's new clarinet with fully chromatic range became popular and became the standard clarinet for much of the 19th century. It was further developed into the Öhler system, the prevalent system in Germany today. He was also, before the famous Hyacinthe Klosé, principal clarinet at the Théâtre Italien in Paris.

* Pamela Weston, *Clarinet Virtuosi of the Past*, ISBN 0-7091-2442-2, ISBN 0-9506209-8-X


title: Optimal maintenance

abstract:
Optimal maintenance is the discipline within operations research concerned with maintaining a system in a manner that maximizes profit or minimizes cost. Cost functions depending on the reliability, availability and maintainability characteristics of the system of interest determine the parameters to minimize. Parameters often considered are the cost of failure, the cost per time unit of "downtime", the cost of corrective maintenance, the cost per time unit of preventive maintenance and the cost of repairable system replacement [Cassady and Pohl]. The foundation of any maintenance model relies on the correct description of the underlying deterioration process and failure behavior of the component, and on the relationships between maintained components in the product breakdown. Optimal Maintenance strategies are often constructed using stochastic models and focus on finding an optimal inspection time or the optimal acceptable degree of system degradation before maintenance and/or replacement. Cost considerations on an Asset scale may also lead to select a "run-to-failure" approach for specific components. There are four main survey papers available accomplished to cover the spectrum of optimal maintenance:
  - Optimal maintenance models for systems subject to failure–a review by YS Sherif, ML Smith published in Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1981.
  - C. Valdez-Flores, R.M. Feldman, “A survey of preventive maintenance models for stochastically deteriorating single-unit systems”, Naval Research Logistics, vol 36, 1989 Aug, pp 419–446.
  - J.J. McCall, “Maintenance policies for stochastically failing equipment:a survey”, Management Science, vol 11, 1965 Mar, pp 493–524.
  - W.P. Pierskalla, J.A. Voelker, “A survey of maintenance models: The control and surveillance of deteriorating systems”, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, vol 23, 1976 Sep, pp 353–388.

text:
# Optimal maintenance

**Optimal maintenance** is the discipline within operations research concerned with maintaining a system in a manner that maximizes profit or minimizes cost. Cost functions depending on the reliability, availability and maintainability characteristics of the system of interest determine the parameters to minimize. Parameters often considered are the cost of failure, the cost per time unit of "downtime" (for example: revenue losses), the cost (per time unit) of corrective maintenance, the cost per time unit of preventive maintenance and the cost of repairable system replacement \[Cassady and Pohl\]. The foundation of any maintenance model relies on the correct description of the underlying deterioration process and failure behavior of the component, and on the relationships between maintained components in the product breakdown (system / sub-system / assembly / sub-assembly...).

Optimal Maintenance strategies are often constructed using stochastic models and focus on finding an optimal inspection time or the optimal acceptable degree of system degradation before maintenance and/or replacement. Cost considerations on an Asset scale may also lead to select a "run-to-failure" approach for specific components.

There are four main survey papers available accomplished to cover the spectrum of optimal maintenance:

* Optimal maintenance models for systems subject to failure–a review by YS Sherif, ML Smith published in Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1981.
* C. Valdez-Flores, R.M. Feldman, “A survey of preventive maintenance models for stochastically deteriorating single-unit systems”, Naval Research Logistics, vol 36, 1989 Aug, pp 419–446.
* J.J. McCall, “Maintenance policies for stochastically failing equipment:a survey”, Management Science, vol 11, 1965 Mar, pp 493–524.
* W.P. Pierskalla, J.A. Voelker, “A survey of maintenance models: The control and surveillance of deteriorating systems”, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, vol 23, 1976 Sep, pp 353–388.


abstract: Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University is a public university in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is named after Rajarshi Purushottam Das Tandon.

text:
# Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University

**Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University** is a public university in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is named after Rajarshi Purushottam Das Tandon.

## Academics

### Academic programmes

List of courses offered by university are as under:

* First Degree Programmes
* Post Graduate Programmes
* General Diploma Programme
* Certificate Programme
* Computer Programmes
* Vocational Programmes
* Professional Programmes
* Awareness Programmes
* Adult & Continuing Education Programmes
* Research Programme

### Library

The university library was established in 2000 with a meagre collection of 279 books. At present, the library holds the collection on different streams of humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and developing sciences. Its collection has reached up to 41,387 volumes of books and 92 learned journals besides 5 daily newspapers and 12 other periodicals. The library serves faculty members, supporting staff, research scholars and more than 50,000 students spread all over Uttar Pradesh. It is the apex body to provide library and information services to its students and others. A regional library at Allahabad Regional Centre has opened as its branch library. It is also in planning to establish regional libraries at other region, Sector – F, Phaphamau, Allahabad. The librarian is Dr. T.N. Dubey.

25°32′31″N 81°51′02″E / 25.5420°N 81.8506°E / 25.5420; 81.8506

## InfoBox

Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto in English | Reaching to unreached |
| Type | State |
| Established | 1999 (1999) |
| Accreditation | NAAC B+ |
| Chancellor | Governor of Uttar Pradesh |
| Vice-Chancellor | Satyakam |
| Location | Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Campus | Urban |
| Affiliations | UGC |
| Website | www.uprtou.ac.in |


title: Jump rings

abstract: Jump rings are rings used to make chains, jewellery and chain mail. They are made by wrapping wire around a mandrel to make a coil, then cutting the coil with wire cutters to make individual rings. The rings can be assembled one by one into chains, earrings, objects such as bowls or ornaments, and chain mail clothing. The making of items from jump rings is called chain maille. Jump rings can be described by the following qualities:

text:
# Jump rings

**Jump rings** are (usually metal) rings used to make chains, jewellery and chain mail. They are made by wrapping wire around a mandrel to make a coil, then cutting the coil with wire cutters to make individual rings. The rings can be assembled one by one into chains, earrings, objects such as bowls or ornaments, and chain mail clothing.

The making of items from jump rings is called *chain maille* ("*maille*" is French for "*mesh*").

Jump rings can be described by the following qualities:

| Gauge | The thickness of the wire the ring is made from. Measured according to American wire gauge standards, SWG (standard wire gauge), or in millimetres. |
| --- | --- |
| Inner diameter | Approximately the same as the outer diameter of the mandrel used to create the rings, but the exact inner diameter will depend on the degree to which the wire springs as it comes off the mandrel. |
| Kerf width | The gap between the ends of the jump ring created by the cutting process |
| Cut type | Saw cut or pinched. The former produces a clean uniform cut whereas the latter is pinched and looks less attractive. |
| Outer diameter | The outer diameter of the ring. This is the same as (twice the gauge + the inner diameter). |
| Colour | For example, anodised aluminium rings come in many colours. |
| Material | The common materials are gold (or plated gold), silver (or plated silver), aluminium, brass, stainless steel, copper, niobium and titanium. |

1. Whyte, Dylon (2009). *Beaded Chain Mail Jewelry: Timeless Techniques with a Twist*. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 9–12. ISBN 1600592201.


title: Nicomedes II of Bithynia

abstract: Nicomedes II Epiphanes was the king of Bithynia from 149 to c. 127 BC. He was fourth in descent from Nicomedes I. Nicomedes II was the son and successor of Prusias II and Apame IV. His parents were related as they were maternal cousins.

text:
# Nicomedes II of Bithynia

**Nicomedes II Epiphanes** (Greek: Νικομήδης ὁ Ἐπιφανής "Nicomedes God-Manifest") was the king of Bithynia from 149 to c. 127 BC. He was fourth in descent from Nicomedes I. Nicomedes II was the son and successor of Prusias II and Apame IV. His parents were related as they were maternal cousins.

## Life

He was so popular with the people that his father sent him to Rome to limit his influence. However, in Rome, he also gained favor from the Roman Senate, forcing Prusias to send an emissary named Menas with secret orders to assassinate him. But the emissary revealed the plot, and persuaded the prince to rebel against his father.

Supported by Attalus II Philadelphus, king of Pergamon, he was completely successful, and ordered his father to be put to death at Nicomedia. During his long reign Nicomedes adhered steadily to the Roman alliance, and assisted them against the pretender to the throne of Pergamon Eumenes III. He was succeeded by his son Nicomedes III.

Nicomedes introduced the Bithynian era for numbering years on his coins. This system was to last in parts of the Greek world down to the 4th century AD.

## InfoBox

| Nicomedes II | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| King of Bithynia | |
| Reign | 149 – 127 BC |
| Predecessor | Prusias II |
| Successor | Nicomedes III |
|  | |
| Born | Bithynia
(modern-day Turkey) |
| Died | 127 BC
Nicomedia
(modern-day İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey) |
| Issue | Nicomedes III
Nysa |
| Greek | Νικομήδης Β΄ |
| Father | Prusias II |
| Mother | Apame IV |
| Religion | Greek Polytheism |


title: Aristotelia cytheraea

abstract: Aristotelia cytheraea is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It is found in Colombia. The wingspan is 8–10 mm. The forewings are pale greyish ochreous suffusedly irrorated (sprinkled) with dark fuscous, more or less tinged with rosy crimson, especially posteriorly. The stigmata are strong, blackish, somewhat elongate, more or less accompanied with spots of yellow-ochreous suffusion beneath and the second discal also above, the plical obliquely before the first discal, an oblique suffused dark fuscous streak from the costa to the plical. There are two small pale spots on the costa at five-sixths. The hindwings are grey, in males with expansible fringe of long grey-whitish hairs from the costa near the base.

text:
# Aristotelia cytheraea

***Aristotelia cytheraea*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It is found in Colombia.

The wingspan is 8–10 mm. The forewings are pale greyish ochreous suffusedly irrorated (sprinkled) with dark fuscous, more or less tinged with rosy crimson, especially posteriorly. The stigmata are strong, blackish, somewhat elongate, more or less accompanied with spots of yellow-ochreous suffusion beneath and the second discal also above, the plical obliquely before the first discal, an oblique suffused dark fuscous streak from the costa to the plical. There are two small pale spots on the costa at five-sixths. The hindwings are grey, in males with expansible fringe of long grey-whitish hairs from the costa near the base.

## InfoBox

| *Aristotelia cytheraea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Aristotelia* |
| Species: | ***A. cytheraea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aristotelia cytheraea***<br>Meyrick, 1917 | |
|


title: Pachytychius haematocephalus

abstract: Pachytychius haematocephalus, the gilkicker weevil, is a species of true weevil in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. It is found in North America, and in the area from whence its name derives, Fort Gilkicker, in Gosport, Hampshire, UK.

text:
# Pachytychius haematocephalus

***Pachytychius haematocephalus***, the **gilkicker weevil**, is a species of true weevil in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. It is found in North America, and in the area from whence its name derives, Fort Gilkicker, in Gosport, Hampshire, UK.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 7: Curculionoidea I*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26093-1.
* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 8: Curculionoidea II*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-25916-4.

## InfoBox

| *Pachytychius haematocephalus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | *Pachytychius* |
| Species: | ***P. haematocephalus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pachytychius haematocephalus***<br>(Gyllenhal, 1836) | |
|


title: Thrasher (G.I. Joe)

abstract: Thrasher is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books and animated series. He is affiliated with Cobra as the Dreadnoks' Thunder Machine driver and debuted in 1986.

text:
# Thrasher (G.I. Joe)

**Thrasher** is a fictional character from the *G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero* toyline, comic books and animated series. He is affiliated with Cobra as the Dreadnoks' Thunder Machine driver and debuted in 1986.

## Profile

Thrasher was spoiled as a child by his middle-class parents, who never disciplined him in fear that this would "stifle energies he might need later in life". His parents never denied him what he wanted, even when those things caused destruction or disaster. After his parents were crippled in a car wreck, which may or may not have had anything to do with Thrasher's repair work on their brakes, Thrasher wandered into the swamps where to do whatever he wanted. There he met Zartan and the Dreadnoks, who welcomed him in as one of them. Thrasher derives a slight pleasure from inflicting suffering on others.

## Toys

Thrasher was first released as an action figure in 1986, packaged with the Dreadnok Thunder Machine.

## Comics

### Marvel Comics

In the Marvel Comics G.I. Joe series, he first appeared in issue #51. According to dialogue, he had wandered off into the swamps some time ago. He returns because the swamp held nothing left to smash. Further more, the pollution had killed off all the wild animals so there was nothing left to strangle. Later, in a conflict with the Joes, he purposely drives the Thunder Machine through a moving train, using the guns to create a hole.

In issue #69, Thrasher, Monkeywrench and Zarana had been part of a team overseeing a Cobra Terror Drome base in the fictional country of Sierra Gordo.

When the country erupts in civil war, the three take Thrasher's Thunder Machine to a local airstrip. They take several civilians hostage. This gets them transport from Wild Bill, Crazylegs and Maverick of the G.I. Joe team. Eventually the Dreadnoks, Joes and the civilians willingly work together in an attempt to escape to safety. Thrasher is injured during this attempt; eventually everyone makes it out alive.

During the Cobra Civil War, the Dreadnoks sided with Cobra Commander (in reality, the Crimson Guardsman Fred VII, who was impersonating Cobra Commander) against Serpentor. A new Thunder Machine served as Fred's transport during the conflict. While fellow Dreadnok Buzzer was fighting G.I. Joe general Hawk on top of the Thunder Machine, Thrasher crashed it into Destro's personal D.E.M.O.N. tank, locking bumpers. After the Thunder Machine was evacuated, Destro ordered the D.E.M.O.N. to fire on it, freeing the vehicle but knocking it over. Thrasher used Monkeywrench's grenades to upright it, a decision he later regretted; while the vehicle remained structurally sound, its engine was damaged, although it remained operational enough to return Fred back to his troops.

Later, he battles G.I. Joe soldiers and their sub-team Battleforce 2000. In the first battle his Thunder Machine is destroyed by Joe equipment. In the second battle, Thrasher and the Dreadnoks only escaped due to interference from the local police.

### Devil's Due

As seen in the Devil's Due series, he stays with the Dreadnoks as it turns into a multi-state operation. Joe forces assault the Dreadnoks' Florida Everglades headquarters. Thrasher and Buzzer flee in the Thunder Machine, are run off a hidden road by Joe forces and left behind. Later, he teams up with Buzzer, Ripper and Road Pig to supervise the purchase of a nuclear weapon from Russian forces. Thrasher is entrusted with the supervision of the Montreal, Quebec, Canada chapter of the Dreadnoks; most of the gang's power structure had retreated to this city after the Everglades raid.

### IDW

Thrasher is younger in this continuity. He is a stable technological genius, maintaining a Dreadnok camp deep in the Australian outback. He is loyal to Zartan to the point of betraying other Dreadnoks. However Zartan betrays him as soon as it is beneficial.

## Animated series

### Sunbow

He first appeared in the *G.I. Joe* second-season episode "Arise, Serpentor, Arise!: Pt. 1". He attempts to earn a spot on the Dreadnoks as he uses the Thunder Machine to pursue Joes Sgt. Slaughter, Beach Head and Low-Light. Thrasher joins the Dreadnoks afterwards, much to the disgust of the other members.

Thrasher was voiced by Ted Schwartz.

### *G.I. Joe: The Movie*

Thrasher also appeared briefly in the 1987 animated film *G.I. Joe: The Movie*. In one scene, he teases a woman named "Heather" as she is changing out of her dress. "Heather" then throws him into a nearby lake and reveals herself as Zarana in disguise.

## Other works

Thrasher's figure is briefly featured in the fiction novel *6 Sick Hipsters*. In the story, the character Paul Achting spent four years collecting G.I. Joe figures to set up a battle scene between the Joes and Cobra. As he imagined the characters in his head, he described the Dreadnoks as "an elite team of maniacal mercenaries allied with Cobra for this battle", with the figures lying in the thick of the shag carpet, and Thrasher as "the psycho, mounted on the Thunder Machine, a red and black behemoth that was as postapocalyptic as Mad Max himself".

## InfoBox

| Thrasher | |
| --- | --- |
| *G.I. Joe* character | |
| Thrasher as seen in the Sunbow/Marvel *G.I. Joe* animated series. | |
| First appearance | issue #51 (September 1986) |
| Voiced by | Ted Schwartz |
| In-universe information | |
| Affiliation | Dreadnoks |
| Specialty | Thunder Machine Driver |
| File name | Bruno Lacrosse, Brutus Cross (Depending on file card) |
| Birth place | Brussels, Belgium |
| Primary MOS | Demolitions |
| Secondary MOS | Civil Disturbances |


title: Harald zur Hausen

abstract: Harald zur Hausen NAS EASA APS was a German virologist. He carried out research on cervical cancer and discovered the role of papilloma viruses in cervical cancer, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008. He was chairman of the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg.

text:
# Harald zur Hausen

**Harald zur Hausen** NAS EASA APS (German pronunciation: \[ˈhaʁalt tsuːɐ̯ ˈhaʊzn̩\] ; 11 March 1936 – 29 May 2023) was a German virologist. He carried out research on cervical cancer and discovered the role of papilloma viruses in cervical cancer, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008. He was chairman of the German Cancer Research Center (*Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum*, DKFZ) in Heidelberg.

## Early life and education

Zur Hausen was born in Gelsenkirchen in a Catholic family. He completed his *Abitur* at Antonianum Grammar School in Vechta, then studied medicine at the universities of Bonn from 1955, Hamburg from 1957, and Düsseldorf from 1958, and received a Doctor of Medicine degree there in 1960. He pursued internships in Wimbern, Isny, Gelsenkirchen, and Düsseldorf, qualifying as a physician in 1962.

## Career

He joined the Institute for Microbiology at the University of Düsseldorf as a laboratory assistant in 1962. After three and a half years there, he moved to Philadelphia to work at the Virus Laboratories of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia together with eminent virologists Werner and Gertrude Henle, who had escaped from Nazi Germany. In 1967, he contributed to a ground-breaking study that for the first time proved a virus (Epstein–Barr virus) can turn healthy cells (lymphocytes) into cancer cells. He became an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. In 1969, he returned to Germany to become a regular teaching and researching professor at the University of Würzburg's Institute for Virology. In 1972, he moved to the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg. In 1977, he moved on to the University of Freiburg (Breisgau), where he headed the Department of Virology and Hygiene.

Working with Lutz Gissmann, zur Hausen first isolated human papillomavirus 6 by simple centrifugation from genital warts. He isolated HPV 6 DNA from genital warts, suggesting a possible new way of identifying viruses in human tumours. This discovery paid off several years later, in 1983, when zur Hausen identified HPV 16 DNA in cervical cancer tumours by means of Southern blot hybridization. This was followed by the discovery of HPV18 a year later, thus identifying the causes of approximately 75% of human cervical cancer. The announcement of his breakthrough sparked a major scientific controversy.

From 1983 until 2003, zur Hausen served as chairman of the board and scientific advisory board member of the German Cancer Research Center (*Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum*, DKFZ) in Heidelberg and as professor of medicine at Heidelberg University.

From 2007 to 2011, zur Hausen was a member of the scientific advisory board of Zukunftskolleg at the University of Konstanz. He was editor-in-chief of the *International Journal of Cancer* until the end of 2010. On 1 January 2010, zur Hausen became the vice president of German Cancer Aid, the largest cancer charity in Europe.

## Scientific merits

Zur Hausen's field of research was the study of oncoviruses. In 1976, he hypothesised that human papillomavirus plays an important role in causing cervical cancer. Together with his collaborators, he then identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancers in 1983–84. This research made possible the development of the HPV vaccine, the first formulation of which was commercialised in 2006. He is also credited with discovery of the virus causing genital warts (HPV 6) and a monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus that is a close relative to a recently discovered human Merkel cell polyomavirus, as well as of techniques to immortalise cells with Epstein–Barr virus and to induce replication of the virus using phorbol esters. His work on papillomaviruses and cervical cancer received a great deal of scientific criticism when first published but subsequently was confirmed and was used as the basis for research on other high-risk papillomaviruses.

### Nobel Prize

Zur Hausen shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, for his discovery of human papilloma virus (HPV) causing cervical cancer

The award of the 2008 Nobel Prize to zur Hausen became controversial following the revelation that Bo Angelin, a member of the Nobel Assembly that year, also sat on the board of AstraZeneca, a company that earns patent royalties for HPV vaccines. The controversy was exacerbated by the fact that AstraZeneca had also entered into a partnership with Nobel Web and Nobel Media to sponsor documentaries and lectures to increase awareness of the prize. However, colleagues widely felt that the award was deserved, and the secretary of the Nobel Committee and Assembly issued a statement affirming that Bo Angelin was unaware of AstraZeneca's HPV vaccine patents at the time of the vote.

## Personal life

Zur Hausen had three sons from his first marriage, Jan Dirk, Axel and Gerrit. In 1993, he married Ethel-Michele de Villiers, who at the time was a fellow researcher at the German Cancer Research Center, and who in prior years had co-authored many research journal articles with zur Hausen on papilloma virus and genital cancer, dating as far back as 1981. He acknowledged her research contributions and support in his Nobel Prize biography.

Zur Hausen died on 29 May 2023, at age 87.

## Books

* Zur Hausen, Harald (2006). *Infections Causing Human Cancer*. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 3-527-31056-8. OCLC 160074602.

## Awards

### Memberships

### Honorary degrees

Zur Hausen received almost 40 honorary doctorates and numerous honorary professorships, including degrees from the universities of Chicago, Umeå, Prague, Salford, Helsinki, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ferrara, Guadalajara and Sal.

## Further reading

* "Harald zur Hausen". *science-connections.com* (in German). Retrieved 2 June 2023. (interview, CV, publications)
* Cornwall, Claudia Maria (2013). *Catching Cancer: The Quest for its Viral and Bacterial Causes*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-1522-1. OCLC 834582359.
* Morgan, Gregory J (2022). "Planned Practical Playoffs: Harald zur Hausen, Jian Zhou, Ian Frazer, Douglas Lowy, John Schiller, HPV, and the Cervical Cancer Vaccine". *Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology*. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9781421444017. OCLC 1276804549.

## InfoBox

| Harald zur Hausen | |
| --- | --- |
| zur Hausen in 2010 | |
| Born | (1936-03-11)11 March 1936
Gelsenkirchen, Gau Westphalia-North, Germany |
| Died | 29 May 2023(2023-05-29) (aged 87)
Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| Known for | Discovery that HPV can cause cervical cancer |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Virology |
| Institutions | German Cancer Research Center University of Heidelberg |
|  | |


title: Wasted Love (Ofenbach song)

abstract: "Wasted Love" is a song by French DJ duo Ofenbach featuring vocals by Lagique. It was released through Ofenbach Music and Warner Music on 8 January 2021.

text:
# Wasted Love (Ofenbach song)

"**Wasted Love**" is a song by French DJ duo Ofenbach featuring vocals by Lagique. It was released through Ofenbach Music and Warner Music on 8 January 2021.

## Music video

The music video was released on 8 January 2021. It is set at night on the rainy streets of Kyiv, with two people in love trying to find one another.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wasted Love" | 2:19 |

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications for "Wasted Love"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Platinum | 30,000 |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000 |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000 |
| France (SNEP) | Diamond | 333,333 |
| Germany (BVMI) | Platinum | 400,000 |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 70,000 |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Platinum | 50,000 |
| Portugal (AFP) | Gold | 5,000 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 30,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Wasted Love" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Ofenbach featuring Lagique | |
| from the album  *I* | |
| Released | 8 January 2021 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:19 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Ofenbach |
| Ofenbach singles chronology | |
| "Head Shoulders Knees & Toes"
(2020) "**Wasted Love**"
(2021) "Hurricane"
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Wasted Love" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Palaeosepsioides

abstract: Palaeosepsioides is a genus of flies in the family Sepsidae.

text:
# Palaeosepsioides

***Palaeosepsioides*** is a genus of flies in the family Sepsidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Palaeosepsioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Sepsidae |
| Subfamily: | Sepsinae |
| Genus: | *Palaeosepsioides*
Ozerov, 1992 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Palaeosepsioides grimaldii*
Ozerov, 1992 | |


title: Moorfoot Building

abstract: The Moorfoot Building is a large office building in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, in the form of a step pyramid. It is located at the foot of The Moor, close to the Sheffield Inner Ring Road. Before its construction, The Moor continued across St Mary's Gate onto London Road. The building opened in July 1981.

text:
# Moorfoot Building

The **Moorfoot Building** is a large office building in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, in the form of a step pyramid. It is located at the foot of The Moor (a pedestrianised shopping street), close to the Sheffield Inner Ring Road. Before its construction, The Moor continued across St Mary's Gate onto London Road. The building opened in July 1981.

## Design and construction

The building is based around three wings; the East Wing, the West Wing and the North Wing, and floors were originally numbered in the US style with the ground floor as Floor 1 or First Floor. Amongst the facilities originally constructed in the building was a staff restaurant and bar on Floor 2 and a full sized squash court in the basement.

As the construction of the building across The Moor effectively severed the traditional access to The Moor from London Road, to satisfy planning conditions, Moorfoot was designed to allow pedestrian access 'through' the building. The pedestrian walkway began with an elevated ramp near the corner of Young Street and South Lane, before proceeding via a tunnel through the building (including a section with a glazed roof) as the route crossed the base of an open area in the East Wing. The walkway exited the building above the car park and used sloping ramps to bring the route back to ground level on The Moor near the entrance to the building. The route was dependent on the completion of a further planned development (where the Premier Inn hotel is currently located) and as this development did not take place, the route was never completed or opened to the public.

## History

The building was previously known as the Manpower Services Commission Building and was the headquarters of that agency. It later contained offices belonging to several departments of the British Government, namely:

The building was purchased by Sheffield City Council in the late 2000s, with the government departments as sitting tenants pending their relocation. In 2010 the British Government vacated the property, and were replaced by the council's Children, Young Peoples and Families Directorate and Central Finance Service.

It was planned that the building would eventually be demolished and the site form part of a new business district.

In the summer of 2011, many departments from Sheffield Town Hall moved into the Moorfoot Building. In January 2013, Henry Boot Construction announced the award of a contract to refurbish a large part of the building for Sheffield City Council. The multimillion-pound project was to deliver vital services upgrades and a refurbishment to the majority of the building in order to provide office space for council employees.

Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the council's adoption of hybrid working for its office based staff, they announced plans to downsize their office estate, and by the end of 2023 relocating staff based at the Moorfoot building to other parts of the estate including city centre locations including Sheffield Town Hall and Howden House and in the city's suburbs at Manor Lane Depot and some Area Housing Offices.

## InfoBox

| Moorfoot Building | |
| --- | --- |
| The building – still as Manpower Services Commission Building – in 2006 | |
| Location within South Yorkshire | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Office |
| Location | Sheffield, England |
| Coordinates | 53°22′27″N 1°28′32″W / 53.3742°N 1.4756°W / 53.3742; -1.4756 (Moorfoot Building) |
| Opening | July 1981 |
| Owner | Sheffield City Council |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 11 in tallest wing |
| Floor area | 27,600 m2 (297,000 sq ft) |
| Lifts/elevators | 6 from main reception area and 2 passenger / 1 goods in the North Wing |
| Grounds | 1.1 hectares (2.7 acres) |


title: Pretty Persuasion (song)

abstract: "Pretty Persuasion" is a song by R.E.M. that was first released on the band's 1984 album Reckoning. It was released as a promotional single and reached number 44 on Billboard's Rock Tracks chart. According to R.E.M. biographer Tony Fletcher, it is often regarded as "the 'archetypal' R.E.M. anthem".

text:
# Pretty Persuasion (song)

"**Pretty Persuasion**" is a song by R.E.M. that was first released on the band's 1984 album *Reckoning*. It was released as a promotional single and reached number 44 on *Billboard*'s Rock Tracks chart. According to R.E.M. biographer Tony Fletcher, it is often regarded as "the 'archetypal' R.E.M. anthem".

## Background

Although not released commercially until 1984, R.E.M. performed "Pretty Persuasion" live in concert as early as 1980 and 1981. A live version of the song was recorded for the band's 1983 debut album *Murmur* but was not released on that album, although the recording was eventually included as a bonus track on a 1992 release of *Reckoning*. Producer Mitch Easter wanted to record the song again for *Reckoning* but the band, particularly lead singer Michael Stipe who no longer liked the song, was initially reluctant. They eventually agreed to a multi-track studio recording for *Reckoning* due to the popularity of the song live with fans.

## Content

### Lyrical themes

*Allmusic* critic Bill Janovitz describes the lyrics as "an anti-consumerism take on advertising." The song makes the point right away with the lines:

*It's what I want* *Hurry and buy* *All has been tried* *Follow reason and buy.*

### Style and composition

As with many R.E.M. songs, the refrain, "He's got pretty persuasion/She's got pretty persuasion/God damn your confusion" is, as described by Fletcher, concise and repetitive. R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck has stated that the song was originally inspired by a dream Stipe had. In the dream, Stipe was photographing the Rolling Stones for the cover of their last single, which in the dream was entitled "Pretty Persuasion".

The song begins with a guitar riff based on descending arpeggios. Easter has noted a musical similarity to Todd Rundgren's 1972 song "Couldn't I Just Tell You" and thinks the earlier song provided some inspiration for "Pretty Persuasion". Janovitz notes similarities with songs by The Byrds. These include the guitar riffs, which although played on two six-string guitars, produce an "electric-guitar jangle" similar to that achieved by The Byrds' Roger McGuinn on his 12-string Rickenbacker guitar. They also include the multi-track vocals by Stipe and bassist Mike Mills, which evoke The Byrds' vocal harmonies. However, the vocals on "Pretty Persuasion" are not precisely enunciated, making the lyrics difficult to decipher at times. *Spin* critics Eric Weisbard and Craig Marks described "Pretty Persuasion" as "a great rocker."

## Performances

In addition to being played live in the early portion of R.E.M.'s career, "Pretty Persuasion" was included in the live set as late as 2007 and 2008. Fletcher regards it as one of the songs that influenced R.E.M.'s 2008 album *Accelerate*. A live version from this tour was released on the 2009 live album *Live at the Olympia*. "Pretty Persuasion" has also been included on several of R.E.M.'s compilation albums, including *The Best of R.E.M.* in 1991 and *And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987* in 2006.

## Music video

This song, and others from the album, is part of a short film called "Left of Reckoning", directed by James Herbert. The four-minute clip has the band wandering around folk artist R.A. Miller's Whirligig Farm in Rabbittown, Georgia.

## InfoBox

| "Pretty Persuasion" | |
| --- | --- |
| Label to 12" promotional single,<br>backed by "(Don't Go Back To) Rockville" | |
| Promotional single by R.E.M. | |
| from the album  *Reckoning* | |
| Released | April 9, 1984 |
| Recorded | December 1983 – January 1984 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:50 |
| Label | I.R.S. |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |


title: Nicomatic SA

abstract: Nicomatic SA is a French and multinational manufacturer of electronic standard and specific connectors based in Bons-en-Chablais, France.

text:
# Nicomatic SA

**Nicomatic SA** is a French and multinational manufacturer of electronic standard and specific connectors based in Bons-en-Chablais, France.

## History

Nicomatic invented the CMM 220 Mixed Layout PCB micro-connector system. This system was created for defence purposes in addition to its aerospace and transportation applications. Other notable applications have included flight controls, IFES, HUDs, missiles, FADEC units, radars, satellites, engine controls, electro-optical sighting systems, mobile radios and power supplies.

Nicomatic connectors have been used on the Jade Rabbit, the lunar robot of the Chinese Space Program that has landed on the moon on December 14, 2013.

In 2014, the company invested five million euro in the construction of an extension of 2 500 m² of its headquarters (production facilities and offices), which adds to the existing 4 200 m2. Nicomatic devotes 15% of its annual turnover to research and development. Nicomatic has an assembly plant in Horsham, Pennsylvania that builds parts for Boeing and Lockheed Martin. The company exports over 80% of its turnover (sales across 40 countries).

In its work with the CEA List Institute in 2014, Nicomatic developed a device that could be integrated into its connectors and detect / localize various defaults of a complex wire network. This device, called Orthogonal Multi-tone Time Domain Reflectometry (OMTDR), puts together reflectometry & communication to allow to carry on preventive maintenance as well as breakdown detection in networks.

The company developed micro connectors that went on to become a part of the Euro-Russian space mission known as ExoMars which was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on March 14. Nicomatic is listed as number 41 independent French SMEs on ETI foreign markets, 2015.

Nicomatic is certified ISO9001:2015 and EN9100:2016 for aerospace and defense. Nicomatic is member of the French GIFAS, of EDEN Aerospace Cluster, and is part of the Mont-Blanc Excellence Industries network.

## InfoBox

Nicomatic SA
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Electronics |
| Founded | 1976 |
| Founder | Paul Nicollin |
| Headquarters | Bons-en-Chablais, France |
| Key people | Olivier and Julien Nicollin (CEO) |
| Revenue | € 38 million (2018) |
| Subsidiaries | North America, China, India, UK, Germany, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Singapore, Taiwan, Canada. |
| Website | nicomatic.com |


title: Israel at the 1984 Summer Olympics

text:
# Israel at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Israel competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Summer Games after participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. 32 competitors, 24 men and 8 women, took part in 46 events in 11 sports.

## Results by event

### Athletics

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 400 metres | Mark Handelsman | Heat  48.17 (→ did not advance) |  |
| Men's 800 metres | Mark Handelsman | Heat  1:47.90 (→ did not advance) |  |
| Men's 1500 metres | Mark Handelsman | Heat  3: 45.05 (→ did not advance) |  |
| Men's 5000 metres | Arie Gamliel | Heat  14:02.98 (→ did not advance) |  |
| Men's 10000 metres | Arie Gamliel | Heat  29:31.32 (→ did not advance) |  |
| Men's 3000 metres steeplechase | Yehuda Zadok | Heat  8:42.28 (→ did not advance) |  |
| Men's marathon | Shem-Tov Sabag | 2:31:34 (→ 60th place) |  |
| Women's 100 metres | Maya Ben-Tzur | First Heat  12.30s (→ did not advance) |  |
| Women's marathon | Zehava Shmueli | Final  2:42:27 (→ 30th place) |  |
| Women's long jump | Maya Ben-Tzur | Qualification  6.07 m (→ did not advance, 16th place) |  |
|

### Boxing

| Event | Participant | Round | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's Light Flyweight ( 48kg) | Yehuda Ben Haim | First Round | Defeated Michael Ebo Danquah (GHA), 4:1 |  |
| | | Second Round; 9th (tied) | Lost to John Lyon (GBR), 0:5 |  |
| Men's Lightweight ( 60kg) | Shlomo Niazov | First Round | Lost to Dar Kamran (PAK), 0:5 |  |
|

### Canoeing

| Event | Participant | Round | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's K-1 500 metres | Aviram Mizrahi | Heats | 2nd place, 1:53.66 |  |
| | | Semifinals | 4th place, 1:49.98
(did not advance) |  |
|

### Fencing

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's foil | Yitzhak Hatuel | 16th |  |
| | Shlomi Eyal | 19th |  |
| Women's foil | Nili Drori | 17th |  |
| | Lydia Hatuel-Zuckerman | 26th |  |
|

### Gymnastics

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yohanan Moyal | 67th |  |
|  | Ya'akov Levi |  |  |
|  | Nancy Goldsmith | 31st |  |
|  | Limor Friedman |  |  |
|  | Liat Haninowitz |  |  |
|

### Judo

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's -60 kg | Eddy Koaz | 10th (tied) |  |
| Men's -78 kg | Moshe Ponte | 20th (tied) |  |

### Rhythmic gymnastics

### Sailing

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Flying Dutchman | Yoel Sela and Eldad Amir | 8th |  |
| 470 | Shimshon Brokman and Eitan Friedlander | 8th |  |
| Windglider | Yehuda Atedji | 14th |  |
|

### Shooting

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Gary Aramist | 36th (tied) |  |
|  | Yair Davidovitz | * 23rd * 46th * DNF |  |
| * Men's Air Rifle, 10 metres * Men's Small-Bore Rifle, Three Positions, 50 metres | Itzhak Yonassi | * 8th * 39th (tied) |  |
|

### Swimming

| Event | Participant | Round | Time | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 100m Breaststroke | Eyal Stigman | Heat | 1:05.63 | 22nd place
did not advance |  |
| Men's 200m Breaststroke | Eyal Stigman | Heat | 2:24.93 | 23rd place
did not advance |  |
| Men's 200m Butterfly | Yoram Kochavy | Heat | 2:04.08 | 21st place
did not advance |  |
| Men's 200m Individual Medley | Yoram Kochavy | Heat | 2:11.81 | 27th place
did not advance |  |
| Men's 400m Individual Medley | Yoram Kochavy | Heat | 4:35.70 | 16th place |  |
| | | B-Final | 4:40.00 | |  |
| Women's 200m Freestyle | Hadar Rubinstein | Heat | 2:12.17 | 26th place
did not advance |  |
| Women's 400m Freestyle | Hadar Rubinstein | Heat | 4:34.95 | 21st place
did not advance |  |
| Women's 800m Freestyle | Hadar Rubinstein | Heat | DNS | No ranking
did not advance |  |
| Women's 200m Butterfly | Hadar Rubinstein | Heat | 2:22.78 | 26th place
did not advance |  |
|

### Tennis

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Amos Mansdorf |  |  |
|

### Weightlifting

| Event | Participant | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's Flyweight | Meir Daloya | 9th |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Israel at the
1984 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | ISR |
| NOC | Olympic Committee of Israel |
| Website | www.olympicsil.co.il (in Hebrew and English) |
| in Los Angeles | |
| Competitors | 32 (24 men and 8 women) in 11 sports |
| Flag bearer | Zehava Shmueli |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Thrasher Opera House

abstract: Thrasher Opera House is a historic theater in Green Lake, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

text:
# Thrasher Opera House

**Thrasher Opera House** is a historic theater in Green Lake, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

## History

The opera house was built by Charlie Thrasher. It began showing vaudeville and traveling theatrical performance and, later, movies. In the 1920s, the opera house installed the proper equipment to show sound films. The building underwent renovations in the 1990s. It is listed on the Wisconsin State Register of Historic Places and has been designated a City of Green Lake Historic Structure.

## InfoBox

Thrasher Opera House
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | 506 Mill Street
Green Lake, Wisconsin
United States |
| Coordinates | 43°50′40.8″N 88°57′36″W / 43.844667°N 88.96000°W / 43.844667; -88.96000 |
| Owner | Thrasher Opera House Corporation |
| Capacity | 200 |
| Current use | Live event venue |
| Opened | 1910 (1910) |
| Website | |
| www.thrasheroperahouse.com | |
|  | |
| Thrasher's Opera House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| NRHP reference No. | 99000921 |
| Added to NRHP | August 10, 1999 |
|  | |


title: Harald Økern

abstract: Harald Johannes Økern was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who won the event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1922 and 1924. For his Nordic combined victories, Økern shared the Holmenkollen medal in 1924 with Johan Grøttumsbråten. He was born and died in Bærum. At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished fourth in the Nordic combined event. Harald Økern was the uncle of Olav Økern, who later earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1950. He was the father of Marit Økern Jensen.

text:
# Harald Økern

**Harald Johannes Økern** (19 January 1898  17 August 1977) was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who won the event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1922 and 1924. For his Nordic combined victories, Økern shared the Holmenkollen medal in 1924 with Johan Grøttumsbråten.

He was born and died in Bærum.

At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished fourth in the Nordic combined event.

Harald Økern was the uncle of Olav Økern, who later earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1950.

He was the father of Marit Økern Jensen.


title: Wasco, Oregon

abstract: Wasco is a city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. The population was 410 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Wasco, Oregon

**Wasco** is a city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. The population was 410 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.00 square mile (2.59 km2), all land.

Wascoite or Biggs jasper, a type of white clay-based mineral found near Biggs Junction, is locally named for Wasco.

## Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wasco has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

| Climate data for Wasco | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 63
(17) | 71
(22) | 79
(26) | 91
(33) | 100
(38) | 105
(41) | 113
(45) | 105
(41) | 101
(38) | 87
(31) | 76
(24) | 65
(18) | 113
(45) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 37.1
(2.8) | 43.3
(6.3) | 53.8
(12.1) | 62.6
(17.0) | 70.3
(21.3) | 76.8
(24.9) | 86.4
(30.2) | 85
(29) | 75.9
(24.4) | 64
(18) | 48.2
(9.0) | 40.4
(4.7) | 62
(17) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 24.2
(−4.3) | 28.3
(−2.1) | 33.4
(0.8) | 37.4
(3.0) | 42.8
(6.0) | 49.1
(9.5) | 54.6
(12.6) | 53.7
(12.1) | 47.1
(8.4) | 39.7
(4.3) | 32.2
(0.1) | 28
(−2) | 39.2
(4.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −20
(−29) | −21
(−29) | 14
(−10) | 18
(−8) | 12
(−11) | 32
(0) | 33
(1) | 37
(3) | 25
(−4) | 11
(−12) | 6
(−14) | −28
(−33) | −28
(−33) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.84
(47) | 1.22
(31) | 0.97
(25) | 0.75
(19) | 0.71
(18) | 0.62
(16) | 0.21
(5.3) | 0.29
(7.4) | 0.54
(14) | 0.96
(24) | 1.73
(44) | 1.87
(47) | 11.7
(300) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.2
(16) | 2.9
(7.4) | 0.8
(2.0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0.1
(0.25) | 1.4
(3.6) | 3.8
(9.7) | 15.1
(38) |
| Average precipitation days | 10 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 76 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 322 |  |  |
| 1910 | 386 |  | 19.9% |
| 1920 | 701 |  | 81.6% |
| 1930 | 400 |  | −42.9% |
| 1940 | 303 |  | −24.2% |
| 1950 | 305 |  | 0.7% |
| 1960 | 348 |  | 14.1% |
| 1970 | 412 |  | 18.4% |
| 1980 | 415 |  | 0.7% |
| 1990 | 374 |  | −9.9% |
| 2000 | 381 |  | 1.9% |
| 2010 | 410 |  | 7.6% |
| 2020 | 417 |  | 1.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 410 people, 182 households, and 111 families living in the city. The population density was 410.0 inhabitants per square mile (158.3/km2). There were 208 housing units at an average density of 208.0 per square mile (80.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 0.5% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 182 households, of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.0% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 50.2 years. 18% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 23.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 381 people, 168 households, and 110 families living in the city. The population density was 394.5 inhabitants per square mile (152.3/km2). There were 196 housing units at an average density of 202.9 per square mile (78.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.23% White, 2.36% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 2.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.41% of the population.

There were 168 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,917, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,917. About 7.0% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation

## InfoBox

| Wasco, Oregon | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Aerial view of Wasco | |
| Location in Oregon | |
| Coordinates: 45°35′30″N 120°41′51″W / 45.59167°N 120.69750°W / 45.59167; -120.69750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
| County | Sherman |
| Incorporated | 1898 |
| Government | |
| Type | City Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.01 sq mi (2.61 km2) |
| Land | 1.01 sq mi (2.61 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,283 ft (391 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 417 |
| Density | 413.69/sq mi (159.73/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (Pacific) |
| ZIP code | 97065 |
| Area code | 541 |
| FIPS code | 41-78950 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2412186 |
| Website | www.wascooregon.com |


title: Palaeosetidae

abstract: The Palaeosetidae or miniature ghost moths are a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera contained within the superfamily Hepialoidea.

text:
# Palaeosetidae

The **Palaeosetidae** or **miniature ghost moths** are a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera contained within the superfamily Hepialoidea.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The **Palaeosetidae** are a primitive family of Hepialoidea with four currently recognised genera and seven species.

## Distribution

One genus occurs in Colombia (*Osrhoes*) and the other three genera have an Old World distribution from Assam to Australia.

## InfoBox

| Palaeosetidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| *Clade*: | Myoglossata |
| *Clade*: | Neolepidoptera |
| Infraorder: | Exoporia |
| Superfamily: | Hepialoidea |
| Family: | Palaeosetidae |
|
| Genera and species | |
|  | |
| Diversity | |
| 4 genera and 7 species | |


title: Inna de Yard: The Soul of Jamaica

abstract: Inna De Yard: The Soul of Jamaica is a 2019 music documentary film about Jamaican reggae music, written and directed by Peter Webber. The film is based around the recording of an album in Kingston, Jamaica by Jamaican reggae music veterans. It also "doubles as a capsule history of Jamaican reggae" and shows the band performing the songs at a concert at Le Trianon in Paris. The musical supergroup, a project also called Inna De Yard, is shown collaborating on recording an acoustic album of old songs by each of the musicians, in Saint Andrew Parish in 2017. Inna De Yard had its world premiere at Tribeca Film Festival in 2019. It showed at Sydney Film Festival the same year. As of October 2021, 94% of the 17 reviews compiled on Rotten Tomatoes are positive, with an average rating of 7.1/10.

text:
# Inna de Yard: The Soul of Jamaica

***Inna De Yard: The Soul of Jamaica*** is a 2019 music documentary film about Jamaican reggae music, written and directed by Peter Webber. The film is based around the recording of an album in Kingston, Jamaica by Jamaican reggae music veterans. It also "doubles as a capsule history of Jamaican reggae" and shows the band performing the songs at a concert at Le Trianon in Paris.

The musical supergroup, a project also called Inna De Yard, is shown collaborating on recording an acoustic album of old songs by each of the musicians, in Saint Andrew Parish in 2017.

*Inna De Yard* had its world premiere at Tribeca Film Festival in 2019. It showed at Sydney Film Festival the same year. As of October 2021, 94% of the 17 reviews compiled on Rotten Tomatoes are positive, with an average rating of 7.1/10.

## Cast

## Songs

## InfoBox

| Inna De Yard: The Soul of Jamaica | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Peter Webber |
| Written by | Peter Webber |
| Produced by | * Laurent Baudens * Laurent Flahault * Yann Legay * Gaël Nouaille |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Bernard Benant |
| Edited by | Giles Gardner |
| Production<br>company | Borsalino Films |
| Release date |  |
| Running time | 99 minutes |
| Language | English |


title: Moorgreen Hospital

abstract: Moorgreen Hospital was a community hospital in West End, near Southampton. It was managed by Southampton City Primary Care Trust.

text:
# Moorgreen Hospital

**Moorgreen Hospital** was a community hospital in West End, near Southampton. It was managed by Southampton City Primary Care Trust.

## History

The hospital has its origins in the South Stoneham Union Workhouse designed by Charles Henman and William Hinves and built at a cost of £7,000 in 1848. The workhouse was designed to house around 250 inmates, but had only 100 in 1841 and 225 in 1871. 8 acres of land surrounding the building were attached to the workhouse and cultivated by the inmates; other activities undertaken by the inmates included picking oakum, making shoes, and tailoring clothes.

The workhouse became a Public Assistance Institution known as the West End Institution in 1930 and it converted into a health facility and became known as Moorgreen Hospital on joining the National Health Service in 1948. Countess Mountbatten House, which was then only the United Kingdom's second NHS palliative care hospice opened on the site in 1977. Facilities created in the hospice included 27 beds and a day care centre with physiotherapy facilities. In September 2018, it was announced that a new ground-breaking partnership was being established with Mountbatten Isle of Wight. Providing their leadership and support, the formerly NHS-run Countess Mountbatten Hospice has been able to develop their services as an independent charity. In April 2019, a new bereavement service was launched. In 2020, Countess Mountbatten Hospice was renamed Mountbatten Hampshire to reflect the new partnership and developing services to people living in Southampton and west Hampshire.

Mental health services were transferred into a newly refurbished facility known as the Tom Rudd Unit in 2007. Although much of the site closed at that time, the Tom Rudd Unit was refurbished and has housed the Willow Assessment and Treatment Unit, operated by Southern Health for adults with complex learning disabilities, since 2012.

Although Mountbatten Hampshire hospice (formerly Countess Mountbatten Hospice) and the Tom Rudd Unit remain operational, the rest of the hospital site was redeveloped for residential purposes in 2017. The main workhouse building, which is locally listed, and the two gatehouses, were retained and converted into 19 flats, while the other former hospital buildings on the site were demolished and replaced by newer buildings.

## InfoBox

| Moorgreen Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Southampton City Primary Care Trust | |
| Moorgreen Hospital | |
| Location in Hampshire | |
| Geography | |
| Location | West End, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 50°55′41″N 1°19′23″W / 50.928°N 1.323°W / 50.928; -1.323 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Public NHS |
| Type | Community |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | No Accident & Emergency |
| Beds | 78 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1848 |
| Closed | 2007 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.southamptonhealth.nhs.uk |
| Lists | Hospitals in England |


title: Nicomedes Guzmán

abstract: Nicomedes Guzmán, was a Chilean writer, editor, poet, and novelist.

text:
# Nicomedes Guzmán

**Nicomedes Guzmán** (June 25, 1914 in Santiago, Chile – June 26, 1964, also in Santiago), was a Chilean writer, editor, poet, and novelist.

## Biography

The second of twelve children born to Nicomedes Vásquez Arzola and Rosa Guzmán Acevedo, his full legal name was Óscar Nicomedes Vásquez Guzmán. He decided to adopt the penname of Nicomedes, because there was already a famous writer named Óscar in his group, which was the Chilean "Generation of 1938", Óscar Castro Zúñiga (1910–1947).

Guzmán's father worked in several jobs, among which were—as Guzmán often pointed out—a streetcar motorman, a doorman, and occasionally as an ice cream peddler. Guzmán's mother was a housewife and augmented their meagre family income by caring for upper-class homes on occasion (Pearson 1976: 4-5). The author as a "proletarian novelist," wanted to emphasize the humble origin of his family, and did so especially in the dedication of his first novel, *Los hombres oscuros*, to his parents: "TO MY FATHER, ice cream peddler \[heladero ambulante\]; TO MY MOTHER, domestic employee \[obrera doméstica\]"

His formal education was often interrupted by his having to work —as a precocious laborer- to help the large family. Thus his scholarly development was largely autodictic. At age eleven he was a typesetter and bookbinder's assistant; later he was a truck-driver's helper and an errand boy. He carried boxes in a factory and, at age sixteen, obtained a job in a real-estate brokerage. He studied in evening classes in the Federico Hanssen Night School (Pearson 5). Later because of his success in publishing, the government gave him a position in the Department of Culture in the Homeland Ministry, where he worked together with another famous Chilean, the newspaper writer of Las Ultimas Noticias, Luis Sánchez Latorre, known widely as "Filebo."

He married at a young age Lucia Del Cármen Salazar Vidal, and they had five children. He had a further two children from a later marriage with the psychologist and social worker, Esther Josefina Panay Pérez.

After an early writing experience as a poet, Guzmán was very successful with his experiment in writing a proletarian novel in the first-person singular and using the present tense. *Los hombres oscuros/obscuros* had great success in Chile, and led Guzmán to write a second novel based on children growing up in the slums of Santiago, Chile. This book, *La sangre y la esperanza* (Blood and Hope) became one of the most important novels of the time in Chile. And for many years was required reading in secondary schools in Chile.

Guzmán continued writing when he had the opportunity. He edited many books, published ímportant anthologies, and helped a number of less-fortunate writers.

Guzmán died the day after his fiftieth birthday.

In honor of Guzmán's birthday (June 25, 1914), during much of the week of June 18 through June 25, 2014 and even later, in numerous universities and communities in all of Chile, events were carried out honoring Guzmán. Both chambers of the Congress of Chile also honored the writer on July 1, 2014.

## Works

**Novels and Short Story collections**

* *Los Hombres Oscuros* (often spelled obscuros) (1939)
* *La Sangre y la Esperanza* (1943)
* *Donde Nace el Alba* (1944)
* *La Carne Iluminada* (1945)
* *La Luz Viene del Mar* (1951)
* *Una Moneda al Río y Otros Cuentos* (1954)
* *El Pan Bajo la Bota* (1960)

**Poetry**

* *La Ceniza y el Sueño* (1938)

**Anthologies**

* *Nuevos Cuentistas Chilenos* (1941)
* *Antología de Baldomero Lillo* (1955)
* *Antología de Carlos Pezoa Véliz* (1957)
* *Autorretrato de Chile* (1957)
* *Antología de Cuentos \[de\] Marta Brunet* (1962)
* *Antología de Cuentos Chileno* (póstuma, 1969)

## Sources

* Ferrero, Mario (1982). Nicomedes Guzmán y la Generación del 38. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Mar Afuera.
* Guzmán, Nicomedes (2007). Estampas populares de Chile: Crónicas. Santiago de Chile: RIL Editores. ISBN 978-956-284-540-3.
* Pearson, Lon (1976). Nicomedes Guzmán. Proletarian author in Chile's literary generation of 1938. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-0178-4.
* Promis \[Ojeda\], José (1993). La novela chilena del último siglo. Santiago: La Noria.


title: Armand Salomon

abstract: Armand Salomon is a Dutch basketball coach. He currently serves as a director for Feyenoord Basketbal of the Dutch Basketball League (DBL). From 2014 until 2018, he coached Rotterdam.

text:
# Armand Salomon

**Armand Salomon** (born 2 February 1962) is a Dutch basketball coach. He currently serves as a director for Feyenoord Basketbal of the Dutch Basketball League (DBL). From 2014 until 2018, he coached Rotterdam.

## Coaching career

On 16 May 2014, Salomon was appointed head coach of Rotterdam Basketbal. In May 2018, Rotterdam reached the DBL semi-finals for the first time in 12 years, after upsetting Den Bosch in the quarter-finals, 1–2.

On 23 June 2018, Salomon became director of Feyenoord Basketball, the new name of the club, while Richard den Os took over head coaching duties.

After five years without coaching, Salomon took over Feyenoord again in April 2023 after he and the management had made the decision to fire head coach Toon van Helfteren.

## Coaching record

### Dutch Basketball League

| Team | Year | G | W | L | WL% | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rotterdam | 2014–15 | 30 | 8 | 22 | .267 | Lost in quarterfinals |
| | 2015–16 | 30 | 9 | 21 | .300 | Lost in quarterfinals |
| | 2016–17 | 30 | 12 | 18 | .400 | Lost in quarterfinals |
| | 2017–18 | 39 | 17 | 22 | .436 | Lost in semi-finals |
| **Career** | | 129 | 46 | 83 | .357 |  |

## InfoBox

Armand Salomon
| Feyenoord | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Head coach / Technical director |
| League | Dutch Basketball League |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1962-02-02) 2 February 1962<br>The Hague, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Coaching career | 2014–present |
| Career history | |
| As coach: | |
| 2013–2014 | Rotterdam (assistant) |
| 2013–2014 | Rotterdam 2 |
| 2014–2018 | Rotterdam |
| 2023–present | Feyenoord (interim head coach) |
|  | |


title: PS Tashmoo

abstract: The Tashmoo was a sidewheeler steamboat on Lake St. Clair and Lake Huron. It was famous for being one of the fastest ships, at the time, on the Great Lakes.

text:
# PS Tashmoo

The ***Tashmoo*** was a sidewheeler steamboat on Lake St. Clair and Lake Huron. It was famous for being one of the fastest ships, at the time, on the Great Lakes.

## Construction

The *Tashmoo* was the first ship constructed in 1900 and was launched on December 31, 1899. It was built by the Detroit Shipbuilding Company in Wyandotte, Michigan for Detroit's White Star Steamship Company. The *Tashmoo* was nicknamed the "White Flyer" and, because of the number of windows on the ship, the "Glass Hack."

## Operations

The *Tashmoo'*s regular route was from Detroit to Port Huron, Michigan. It made several stops along the way, including at its namesake, Tashmoo Park.

## Steamboat race

After a race between the *City of Chicago* and the *City of Milwaukee* in September 1900, a Chicagonewspaper boasted that the winner (the *City of Chicago*) was the "fastest on the lakes". A paper in Detroit, Michigan subsequently listed nine vessels that could have easily beaten the *City of Chicago*. The list did not mention the *Tashmoo*. A. A. Parker, the president of the White Star Line, offered $1,000 to any ship that could beat the *Tashmoo* in a race. The president of the Cleveland Buffalo Transit Company accepted the challenge on behalf of his ship, the *City of Erie*. The course was 82 nautical miles (152 km; 94 mi) long and went from Cleveland, Ohio to Erie, Pennsylvania.

The *Tashmoo* fell behind at the start of the race but quickly regained ground. It was forced to slow after going out of sight of the shore because the "wheelman was not used to steering \[only\] by compass." The *Tashmoo* was later forced to slow again due to an overheating condenser. The *City of Erie* eventually beat the *Tashmoo* by 45 seconds, but the *Tashmoo* had been catching up to the *City of Erie* before the finish. A. A. Parker offered the owners of the *City of Erie* $10,000 for a rematch, but they refused the offer, although they later admitted that the *Tashmoo* was the faster ship.

## End of service

On December 8, 1927, the *Tashmoo* snapped its moorings during a gale and starting drifting up the Detroit River. It collided with a ferry and was found further upstream, stopped by the Belle Isle Bridge. Two tugboats pulled the *Tashmoo* away from bridge, but the cables broke again and the ship once again headed for the bridge. The ship was 10 yards (9.1 m) away from the bridge before the tugboats were able to get the *Tashmoo* secured again. The ship was eventually repaired.

On June 18, 1936, the *Tashmoo* struck a submerged rock as it was leaving Sugar Island. The ship was able to dock in Amherstburg, Ontario, and be evacuated before it sank in 18 feet (5.5 m) of water. It was eventually scrapped. It was entered into the National Maritime Hall of Fame in 1985.

## InfoBox

| Postcard from 1907 depicting the *Tashmoo* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | S.S. *Tashmoo* |
| Namesake | Tashmoo Park |
| Owner | White Star Steamship Co. |
| Builder | Detroit Shipbuilding Company, Wyandotte, Michigan |
| Launched | December 30, 1899 |
| Identification | US 145843 |
| Fate | Sank in 1936 and scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Sidewheel steamer |
| Tonnage | 1,344 GRT |
| Length | 320 ft (100 m) |
| Beam | 70 ft (20 m) |
| Height | 22.3 ft (6.8 m) |
| Installed power | 2,500 ihp (1,900 kW) triple expansion steam engine |
| Speed | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |


title: Thondi

text:
# Thondi

Thondi is a Panchayat Town located in the Ramanathapuram district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

| Religious census 2011 | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Religion | |  | Percent(%) | |
| Muslims | |  | 51.68% | |
| Hindus | |  | 43.59% | |
| Christian | |  | 4.53% | |
| Sikh | |  | 0.02% | |
| Jain | |  | 0.00% | |
| Not stated | |  | 0.18% | |

Thondi is a Town Panchayat city in district of Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu. The Thondi city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Thondi Town Panchayat has population of 18,465 of which 9,316 are males while 9,149 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

Current estimated population of Thondi Town Panchayat in 2023 is approximately 25,400.

## Overview

Thondi is a Town Panchayat city in district of Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu. The Thondi city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Thondi Town Panchayat has population of 18,465 of which 9,316 are males while 9,149 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2246 which is 12.16% of total population of Thondi (TP). In Thondi Town Panchayat, Female Sex Ratio is of 982 against state average of 996. Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Thondi is around 907 compared to Tamil Nadu state average of 943. Literacy rate of Thondi city is 89.61% higher than state average of 80.09%. In Thondi, Male literacy is around 93.87% while female literacy rate is 85.32%.

Thondi Town Panchayat has total administration over 3,859 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Thondi Town Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction. Currently our website doesn't have information on schools and hospital located within Thondi.

## Climate

| Climate data for Thondi (1981–2010, extremes 1959–2012) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.0
(91.4) | 35.0
(95.0) | 36.9
(98.4) | 37.2
(99.0) | 40.1
(104.2) | 40.0
(104.0) | 40.4
(104.7) | 39.2
(102.6) | 39.7
(103.5) | 37.5
(99.5) | 35.9
(96.6) | 36.2
(97.2) | 40.4
(104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.9
(85.8) | 30.6
(87.1) | 31.8
(89.2) | 33.1
(91.6) | 33.6
(92.5) | 33.9
(93.0) | 33.5
(92.3) | 33.0
(91.4) | 32.5
(90.5) | 31.8
(89.2) | 30.2
(86.4) | 29.6
(85.3) | 32.0
(89.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.6
(70.9) | 22.7
(72.9) | 24.8
(76.6) | 26.7
(80.1) | 27.2
(81.0) | 26.5
(79.7) | 26.1
(79.0) | 25.7
(78.3) | 25.4
(77.7) | 24.6
(76.3) | 23.5
(74.3) | 22.1
(71.8) | 24.7
(76.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 17.1
(62.8) | 18.0
(64.4) | 19.7
(67.5) | 20.6
(69.1) | 21.1
(70.0) | 21.0
(69.8) | 21.1
(70.0) | 21.5
(70.7) | 20.6
(69.1) | 20.6
(69.1) | 19.5
(67.1) | 17.7
(63.9) | 17.1
(62.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 39.7
(1.56) | 28.7
(1.13) | 33.2
(1.31) | 55.2
(2.17) | 44.7
(1.76) | 21.8
(0.86) | 28.4
(1.12) | 32.7
(1.29) | 77.4
(3.05) | 196.3
(7.73) | 224.1
(8.82) | 128.2
(5.05) | 910.4
(35.84) |
| Average rainy days | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 8.7 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 45.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 76 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 74 | 73 | 76 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 76 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

9°46′35″N 79°00′28″E / 9.77639°N 79.00778°E / 9.77639; 79.00778

## InfoBox

| Thondi | |
| --- | --- |
| Panchayat town | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Ramanathapuram |
| Government | |
| Type | Town panchayat |
| Body | Town panchayat of Thondi |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 18,465 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 623409 |
| Vehicle registration | TN-65 |
| Nearest Town | Ramanathapuram
R. S. Mangalam
Tiruvadanai |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Ramanathapuram |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Tiruvadanai |