title: MENA Tour

abstract: The MENA Tour is a golf tour in the Middle East and North Africa. It was founded in 2011 by the Dubai-based Shaikh Maktoum Golf Foundation. It was previously affiliated to The R&A and the Arab Golf Federation. The previous iteration of the tour was open to both professionals and amateurs. In 2016 and 2017, the top five professionals on the Order of Merit received Sunshine Tour cards for the following season, with those 6th to 15th earning entry into the final stage of the Sunshine Tour's Q School. The MENA Tour was included in the Official World Golf Ranking from May 2016, with three points awarded for 54-hole events and five for 72-hole events. The tour was cancelled in 2018 but started again in 2019, with five events planned for February and March 2019 with a further five in October and November. The schedule was revised in 2020 with all tournaments being played from February to April. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic only 5 events were played. No tournaments were held in 2021. At the end of 2021 the tour announced its intention to merge with the Asian Development Tour in 2023, with a number of co-sanctioned events to be played in 2022. In October 2022, the MENA Tour entered into a "strategic alliance" with LIV Golf; the arrangement was conceived with the intent of immediately affording LIV Golf events Official World Golf Ranking points.

text:
# MENA Tour

The **MENA Tour** is a golf tour in the Middle East and North Africa. It was founded in 2011 by the Dubai-based Shaikh Maktoum Golf Foundation. It was previously affiliated to The R&A and the Arab Golf Federation. The previous iteration of the tour was open to both professionals and amateurs.

In 2016 and 2017, the top five professionals on the Order of Merit received Sunshine Tour cards for the following season, with those 6th to 15th earning entry into the final stage of the Sunshine Tour's Q School. The MENA Tour was included in the Official World Golf Ranking from May 2016, with three points awarded for 54-hole events and five for 72-hole events.

The tour was cancelled in 2018 but started again in 2019, with five events planned for February and March 2019 with a further five in October and November. The schedule was revised in 2020 with all tournaments being played from February to April. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic only 5 events were played. No tournaments were held in 2021. At the end of 2021 the tour announced its intention to merge with the Asian Development Tour in 2023, with a number of co-sanctioned events to be played in 2022. In October 2022, the MENA Tour entered into a "strategic alliance" with LIV Golf; the arrangement was conceived with the intent of immediately affording LIV Golf events Official World Golf Ranking points.

## Order of Merit winners

| Season | Winner | Points | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022–23 | Brooks Koepka | 18,098,333 |  |
| 2020–22 | Tom Sloman | 28,870 |  |
| 2019 | Mathiam Keyser | 45,153 |  |
| Season | Winner | Prize money (US$) | Ref. |
| 2017 | Jamie Elson | 36,677 |  |
| 2016 | Craig Hinton | 39,338 |  |
| 2015 | Thriston Lawrence | 27,679 |  |
| 2014 | Joshua White | 28,471 |  |
| 2013 | Zane Scotland | 50,229 |  |
| 2012 | Stephen Dodd | 27,636 |  |
| 2011 | Jake Shepherd | 17,749 |  |

1. "MENA Golf Tour-Sunshine Tour tie-up breaks new ground". MENA Golf Tour. 7 February 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
2. "OWGR Board Announcement". Official World Golf Ranking. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
3. "Tournament Details". MENA Golf Tour. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
4. "Important Announcement for all MENA Tour Members". MENA Tour. 23 December 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
5. Corrigan, James (5 October 2022). "Exclusive: LIV golfers find way to earn world ranking points – from this week". *The Telegraph*. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
6. "Tom Sloman crowned MENA Tour champion". *Worldwide Golf*. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
7. "Order of Merit Professionals". MENA Tour. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
8. "Order of Merit Amateurs". MENA Tour. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
9. "Order of Merit Professionals". MENA Tour. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
10. "Order of Merit Amateurs". MENA Tour. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
11. "Order of Merit Professionals". MENA Tour. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
12. "Order of Merit Amateurs". MENA Tour. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
13. "England's Campbell defies winds to win MENA Tour Championship". MENA Golf Tour. 15 November 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
14. "Field day for Lee as White becomes 2014 MENA Golf Tour Champion". MENA Tour. 4 November 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
15. "Corfield wins Mena Tour finale in play-off". *Gulf News*. 13 November 2013.
16. "Dodd becomes overall Mena Tour champion". *Gulf News*. 31 October 2012.
17. "Shepherd keeps his nerve in playoff to emerge champion". *Gulf News*. 20 October 2011.

## InfoBox

MENA Tour
| **Current season, competition or edition:**
*2022–23 MENA Tour* | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Golf |
| Founded | 2011 |
| Founder | Shaikh Maktoum Golf Foundation |
| First season | 2011 |
| Countries | Based in the Middle East and North Africa |
| Most titles | **Tournament wins**:
Zane Scotland (10) |
| Official website | https://menatour.golf |


title: Terra di Lavoro

abstract: Terra di Lavoro is the name of a historical region of Southern Italy. It corresponds roughly to the modern southern Lazio and northern Campania and upper north west and west border area of Molise regions of Italy. In Italian the name means "Land of Work", but in fact derives from the ancient Liburia, a territory north of Aversa which took its name from the ancient Italic tribe of the Leborini. With border changes over the centuries, it was a province of the Kingdom of Sicily and of the Kingdom of Naples, then of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and finally of the Kingdom of Italy. It was finally suppressed and divided among various provinces with the royal legislative decree n. 1 January 2, 1927, during the fascist regime. Ormai è vicina la Terra di Lavoro,qualche branco di bufale, qualchemucchio di case tra piante di pomidoro,èdere e povere palanche.Ogni tanto un fiumicello, a pelodel terreno, appare tra le branchedegli olmi carichi di viti, nerocome uno scolo. Dentro, nel trenoche corre mezzo vuoto, il gelo

text:
# Terra di Lavoro

**Terra di Lavoro** (**Liburia** in Latin) is the name of a historical region of Southern Italy. It corresponds roughly to the modern southern Lazio and northern Campania and upper north west and west border area of Molise regions of Italy.

In Italian the name means "Land of Work", but in fact derives from the ancient *Liburia*, a territory north of Aversa which took its name from the ancient Italic tribe of the *Leborini*.

With border changes over the centuries, it was a province of the Kingdom of Sicily and of the Kingdom of Naples, then of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and finally of the Kingdom of Italy. It was finally suppressed and divided among various provinces with the royal legislative decree n. 1 January 2, 1927, during the fascist regime.

> Ormai è vicina la Terra di Lavoro,
> qualche branco di bufale, qualche
> mucchio di case tra piante di pomidoro,
> èdere e povere palanche.
> Ogni tanto un fiumicello, a pelo
> del terreno, appare tra le branche
> degli olmi carichi di viti, nero
> come uno scolo. Dentro, nel treno
> che corre mezzo vuoto, il gelo
>
> Pier Paolo Pasolini, La terra di Lavoro, in *Le ceneri di Gramsci*, Garzanti 1957

## History

The Terra di Lavoro was originally a giustizierato (justiciarship) and then a province of the Kingdom of Sicily, later Kingdom of Naples. After the Congress of Vienna (1815) it became a department of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and, after the unification of Italy (1860s), a province of the Regno d'Italia. The capital was Capua until 1818 and then Caserta.

In the pre-Republican Italy, the Terra di Lavoro was one of the largest provinces: it comprised the current province of Caserta, the southern part of today's provinces of Latina and Frosinone, the countryside of Nola of the province of Naples, and the Sannio (provinces of Benevento, Campobasso and Isernia).

The main cities in the province were Capua, Caserta, Sessa Aurunca, Formia, Gaeta, Isola del Liri, Itri, Nola, Acerra, Sora, Aquino, Arpino and Roccasecca. The Pontine Islands were also part of the province.

In 1863 the upper valley of the Volturno was separated to form the new province of Campobasso, while the comunes in the Valle Caudina became part of the provinces of Benevento and Avellino. In 1927 the province of Frosinone was established and the Terra di Lavoro was abolished, probably by personal order by Benito Mussolini. Its comunes were annexed to the province of Rome, Naples, Benevento, Campobasso and, after 1934, to the province of Littoria (modern Latina).

In 1945 the new province of Caserta was created, including comunes of the central Terra di Lavoro (including Aversa) previously part of the province of Naples, Benevento and Campobasso.

## Atlas

## Notable people


title: James Boyd (American football)

abstract: James Aaron Boyd is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He attended Indian River High School in Chesapeake, and as quarterback, guided the team to a state football championship in 1995.

text:
# James Boyd (American football)

**James Aaron Boyd** (born October 17, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He attended Indian River High School in Chesapeake, and as quarterback, guided the team to a state football championship in 1995.

## College career

Boyd played free safety at Penn State. In 2000, he was one of 12 semifinalists for the Jim Thorpe Award, which is given to the best defensive back in college football.

## Professional career

James was selected in the 3rd round (94th overall) of the 2001 NFL draft by the Jacksonville Jaguars. He wore #42. In his rookie season (2001–02), he played in 16 games, assisting on 3 tackles and making 6 of his own. In 2002, he deflected two passes and made five solo tackles in ten games.

## InfoBox

James Boyd
| No. 42 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1977-10-17) October 17, 1977<br>Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Chesapeake (VA) Indian River |
| College: | Penn State |
| NFL draft: | 2001 / round: 3 / pick: 94 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 14  Passes defended: 2  Forced fumbles: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Zoellner Arts Center

abstract:
Zoellner Arts Center is an arts center located on the campus of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It opened in 1997, having been endowed by a $6 million gift from Robert Zoellner ('54) and his wife Victoria. The center houses the following facilities:
  - Baker Hall - a 1,014-seat auditorium with a multi-purpose proscenium stage, suited for concerts, stage productions, ceremonies and lectures.
  - Diamond Theater - a small 309-seat 3/4 thrust theater with steeply raked stadium seating suited for theatrical and small music groups.
  - Black Box Theater - a smaller 125-seat theater
  - A two-story art gallery
  - Additional facilities including several rehearsal rooms, recording studio, dance studio, practice rooms, scene shop, costume shop, dressing rooms and green room, classrooms, music library, box office, faculty and staff offices, and three large lobbies and a 345-car parking deck attached to the building. The venue has had a wide array of performers, including: the New York Philharmonic and Itzhak Perlman, the Tuvan throat singers Huun-Huur-Tu and Laurie Anderson, Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, MOMIX, the Aquila Theatre Company, Lily Tomlin, Bernadette Peters, and Queen Latifah. The progressive rock music festival NEARFest is also held each summer at the arts center. The building was designed by Charles Dagit of Dagit Saylor Architects in Philadelphia.

text:
# Zoellner Arts Center

**Zoellner Arts Center** is an arts center located on the campus of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It opened in 1997, having been endowed by a $6 million gift from Robert Zoellner ('54) and his wife Victoria.

The center houses the following facilities:

* **Baker Hall** \- a 1,014-seat auditorium with a multi-purpose proscenium stage, suited for concerts, stage productions, ceremonies and lectures.
* **Diamond Theater** \- a small 309-seat 3/4 thrust theater with steeply raked stadium seating suited for theatrical and small music groups.
* **Black Box Theater** \- a smaller 125-seat theater
* A two-story art gallery
* Additional facilities including several rehearsal rooms, recording studio, dance studio, practice rooms, scene shop, costume shop, dressing rooms and green room, classrooms, music library, box office, faculty and staff offices, and three large lobbies and a 345-car parking deck attached to the building.

The venue has had a wide array of performers, including: the New York Philharmonic and Itzhak Perlman, the Tuvan throat singers Huun-Huur-Tu and Laurie Anderson, Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, MOMIX, the Aquila Theatre Company, Lily Tomlin, Bernadette Peters, and Queen Latifah.

The progressive rock music festival NEARFest is also held each summer at the arts center.

The building was designed by Charles Dagit of Dagit Saylor Architects in Philadelphia.

40°36′29″N 75°22′21″W / 40.60800°N 75.37255°W / 40.60800; -75.37255


title: Heinrich Deubel

abstract: Heinrich Deubel was a German soldier, civil servant, World War I veteran and officer in the Schutzstaffel serving as commandant of Dachau concentration camp.

text:
# Heinrich Deubel

**Heinrich Deubel** (19 February 1890  2 October 1962) was a German soldier, civil servant, World War I veteran and officer in the Schutzstaffel serving as commandant of Dachau concentration camp.

## World War I and Nazi Party membership

Deubel was born in Ortenburg, Kingdom of Bavaria. The son of a postman, he joined the German Imperial Army and spent 12 years in the service, although he was to spend most of the First World War in a British prisoner of war camp. Right-wing by inclination, Deubel had been involved with the Freikorps and other rightist and anti-Semitic groups from an early age. He became involved with the Nazis in the early 1920s at the same time as Egon Zill and was amongst the first 200 members of the SS. Deubel was a civil servant with the customs office and actually took a leave of absence to join the SS rather than forgo his civil service pension.

## Dachau and World War II

Deubel was an inspector at Dachau concentration camp in 1934 when commandant Theodor Eicke was promoted to a role overseeing all concentration camps. Deubel, by then an Oberführer in the SS, was nominated by Eicke as his successor. Deubel commanded the camp from 1 May 1934 until 20 April 1936 with detainees describing his regime as fairly liberal, especially when compared to that of his successor in the role, Hans Loritz.

During his time as commandant, Deubel did fall foul of Heinrich Himmler due to a public incident of violence at a time when the SS was developing a reputation for cruelty in Germany and beyond. On Christmas Eve 1934, Deubel was present at Passau train station when an SS private got into a scuffle with a number of people after delaying the line at a ticket window. When a policeman stepped in to arrest the private, Deubel intervened, threatening to drag a policeman to the camp to be "whipped as he deserved". Deubel would later claim that the incident had happened because he felt it was his duty to defend his fellow SS member as the policeman had forcibly pulled him from the ticket window. However the incident earned Deubel a rebuke from Himmler as it was widely discussed in Germany and even reported in sections of the overseas press.

## Aftermath and death

After the Second World War, Deubel was interned until 1948, albeit ultimately no charges were brought against him by the government of West Germany. He died in the Bavarian town of Dingolfing.

## Awards and ranks

## InfoBox

| Heinrich Deubel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1890-02-19)19 February 1890
Ortenburg, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire |
| Died | 2 October 1962(1962-10-02) (aged 72)
Dingolfing, Bavaria, West Germany (now Germany) |
| Allegiance | German Empire
Nazi Germany |
| Branch | Imperial German Army
German Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1918
1939–1945 |
| Rank | *Kommandant* |
| Battles/wars | World War I
World War II |


title: The Umbrella Man (song)

abstract: "The Umbrella Man" is a British song written by James Cavanaugh, Larry Stock and Vincent Rose. It was first published in 1924 and first performed live by the comedy double act Flanagan and Allen in 1939 in the musical revue These Foolish Things. It became one of their standards along with “Hometown” and “Underneath the Arches”. It is used in Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective (1986) and the TV adaptation of John le Carré's A Perfect Spy (1987). Popular recordings in the United States in 1939 were made by Kay Kyser & His Orchestra and by the Johnny Messner Music Box Band.

text:
# The Umbrella Man (song)

**"The Umbrella Man"** (often popularly referred to as **Any Umbrellas?**) is a British song written by James Cavanaugh, Larry Stock and Vincent Rose. It was first published in 1924 and first performed live by the comedy double act Flanagan and Allen in 1939 in the musical revue *These Foolish Things*. It became one of their standards along with “Hometown” and “Underneath the Arches”. It is used in Dennis Potter's *The Singing Detective* (1986) and the TV adaptation of John le Carré's *A Perfect Spy* (1987).

Popular recordings in the United States in 1939 were made by Kay Kyser & His Orchestra (vocals by Ginny Simms & Harry Babbitt) and by the Johnny Messner Music Box Band (vocal by The Three Jacks).

## Chart information

*Billboard* magazine, issue dated January 28, 1939: Sheet-Music Leaders chart for week ending January 21, 1939: Umbrella Man charted at number 1.

## Other recordings

### Bibliography

* Chambers, Colin (ed.) *The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre*. A&C Black, 2006.


title: Gigalum Island

abstract: Gigalum Island or Gigalum is a tiny, private uninhabited island off the southeast coast of Gigha in Scotland. Gigalum has a modern house in the middle, and gives its name to the strait between it and the main island, "Caolas Gigalum". There is also the "Gigalum Rocks" a reef to the east, and about one mile north-northeast of Gigalum Island itself, "Sgeir Gigalum". It is also flanked by another islet, "Eilean na h-Uilinn", literally "Island of the Elbow".

text:
# Gigalum Island

**Gigalum Island** or **Gigalum** is a tiny, private uninhabited island off the southeast coast of Gigha in Scotland.

Gigalum has a modern house in the middle, and gives its name to the strait between it and the main island, "Caolas Gigalum". There is also the "Gigalum Rocks" a reef to the east, and about one mile (1.5 kilometres) north-northeast of Gigalum Island itself, "Sgeir Gigalum". It is also flanked by another islet, "Eilean na h-Uilinn", literally "Island of the Elbow".

1. "Beautiful Scottish island for sale - Country Life". *Country Life*. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
2. "Gigalum". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

## InfoBox

Gigalum Island
| <br>Gigalum Island seen from Gigha | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Gigalum IslandGigalum Island shown within Argyll and Bute | |
| OS grid reference | NR6470145940 |
| Coordinates | 55°38′58″N 5°44′30″W / 55.649529°N 5.7416546°W / 55.649529; -5.7416546 |
| Administration | |
| Council area | Argyll and Bute |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
|  | |


title: Miyakea raddeella

abstract: Miyakea raddeella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Aristide Caradja in 1910. It is found in China, Korea and Russia. The wingspan is 17–25 mm.

text:
# Miyakea raddeella

***Miyakea raddeella*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Aristide Caradja in 1910. It is found in China (Beijing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Tibet, Zhejiang), Korea and Russia.

The wingspan is 17–25 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Miyakea raddeella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Crambini |
| Genus: | *Miyakea* |
| Species: | ***M. raddeella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Miyakea raddeella***<br>(Caradja, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eromene bella* var. *raddeella* Caradja, 1910 * *Miyakea raddeellus* | |


title: Montebello sul Sangro

abstract: Montebello sul Sangro is a comune and town in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

text:
# Montebello sul Sangro

**Montebello sul Sangro** is a *comune* and town in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

## History

The town originated in the 12th century, and was originally known as “Malanotte” literally meaning “bad night”. Later on it was renamed “buonanotte” or good night in English. The town was ruled over by multiple feudal lords throughout its history.

There are two local legends on how the village got its original name. The first of which claims that the natives of the village lost a battle or war and they had to give up their wives to the winners for one night as a consequence of losing. Therefore, the natives named it “malanotte” because it was a bad night for them and the winners called it “buonanotte” because it was a good night for them.

The second story claims a king was going to the town on a night where there was a snowstorm and a blizzard. Supposedly he came across the castle he named it “castello di malanotte” Due to the bad weather. The King apparently later returned during a good summer's night and said “this is a good night” And that was supposedly why it was called “buonanotte”. The name Buonanotte was kept Up until 1969 when the natives of the town decided to change it to Montebello sul sangro, the reasoning for this was when the natives of the town said they were from buonanotte other people laughed at the name.

In 2020, an art installation called *Buonanotte contemporanea* was added.

## Dialect

## InfoBox

| Montebello sul Sangro | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Montebello sul Sangro | |
| The church of santa giusta | |
| Location of Montebello sul Sangro | |
| Montebello sul SangroLocation of Montebello sul Sangro in ItalyMontebello sul SangroMontebello sul Sangro (Abruzzo) | |
| Coordinates: 41°59′N 14°20′E / 41.983°N 14.333°E / 41.983; 14.333 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Abruzzo |
| Province | Chieti (CH) |
| *Frazioni* | Civitaluparella, Montelapiano, Pennadomo, Villa Santa Maria |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Nicola Di fabrizio |
| Area | |
| Total | 5 km2 (2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 810 m (2,660 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2022) | |
| Total | 81 |
| Density | 16/km2 (42/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Montebellesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 66040 |
| Dialing code | 0872 |
| ISTAT code | 069009 |
| Patron saint | San Ciriaco e San Giovanni Battista |
| Saint day | 8 August, 28 August |
| Website | Official website |


title: Tomás Bacach Ó Dúgáin

abstract: Tomás Bacach Ó Dúgáin, Irish scribe, fl. 1848-1858. William Mahon devotes pages 636-37 of his article on this scribe. He was a descendant of the same family as Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin (died 1372 and was one of three related scribes living in Claregalway in the first half of the 19th century. The others were Liam Ó Dúgáin and Maolsheachlainn Ó Dúgáin. Their ancestors were hereditary historians, poets, and scribes. The surname is now rendered as Duggan or Dugan.

text:
# Tomás Bacach Ó Dúgáin

**Tomás Bacach Ó Dúgáin**, Irish scribe, fl. 1848-1858.

William Mahon devotes pages 636-37 of his article (cited below) on this scribe. He was a descendant of the same family as Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin (died 1372 and was one of three related scribes living in Claregalway in the first half of the 19th century. The others were Liam Ó Dúgáin and Maolsheachlainn Ó Dúgáin. Their ancestors were hereditary historians, poets, and scribes. The surname is now rendered as Duggan or Dugan.

* *The Surnames of Ireland*, Edward MacLysaght, Dublin, 1978.
* *Scríobhaithe Lámhscríbhinní Gaeilge I nGaillimh 1700-1900*, William Mahon, in "Galway:History and Society", 1996


title: Hellen Lindgren

abstract: Albert Hellen Gustaf Benedikt Lindgren was a Swedish author and translator. He was the son of author Amanda Kerfstedt.

text:
# Hellen Lindgren

**Albert *Hellen* Gustaf Benedikt Lindgren** (27 June 1857, in Hedemora – 9 February 1904, in Solna) was a Swedish author and translator. He was the son of author Amanda Kerfstedt.

## Bibliography

* Ryssland och nihilismen. \[Stockholm\]. 1883. Libris 2778754
* Voltaire och hans strid mot fördomarna i religion och samhälle. Studentföreningen Verdandis småskrifter, 99-0470915-7 ; 14. Stockholm: Bonnier. 1889. Libris 1490511
* Prosten Lars : svensk originalnovell. Stockholm: Nya Dagligt Allehanda. 1893. Libris 3077060
* Sommarstudier i svensk poesi. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wicksell. 1895. Libris 3077108
* Sveriges vittra storhetstid 1730-1850. Del 1-2. Stockholm. 1895-1896. Libris 363082
* Emile Zola. Skrifter utgifna av Ord och Bild, 99-3235412-0 ; 6. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand. 1898. Libris 1645477
* Sagoskalden Hans Christian Andersen. Studentföreningen Verdandis småskrifter, 99-0470915-7 ; 86. Stockholm: Alb. Bonnier. 1900. Libris 1664055
* Skalder och tänkare : litterära essayer. Stockholm: Gernandt. 1900. Libris 367443
* Henrik Ibsen : i hans lifskamp och hans verk. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand. 1903. Libris 477772
* Johan Ludvig Runeberg : ett skaldeporträtt. Stockholm: Ljus. 1904. Libris 367791
* Några diktareporträtt : essayer. Stockholm: Ljus. 1907. Libris 239958

1. Carlquist, Gunnar, red (1937). Svensk uppslagsbok. Bd 17. Malmö: Svensk Uppslagsbok AB. pages. 270-71


title: Negative multinomial distribution

abstract: In probability theory and statistics, the negative multinomial distribution is a generalization of the negative binomial distribution (NB(x0, p)) to more than two outcomes. As with the univariate negative binomial distribution, if the parameter x 0 is a positive integer, the negative multinomial distribution has an urn model interpretation. Suppose we have an experiment that generates m+1≥2 possible outcomes, {X0,...,Xm}, each occurring with non-negative probabilities {p0,...,pm} respectively. If sampling proceeded until n observations were made, then {X0,...,Xm} would have been multinomially distributed. However, if the experiment is stopped once X0 reaches the predetermined value x0 (assuming x0 is a positive integer), then the distribution of the m-tuple {X1,...,Xm} is negative multinomial. These variables are not multinomially distributed because their sum X1+...+Xm is not fixed, being a draw from a negative binomial distribution.

text:
# Negative multinomial distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the **negative multinomial distribution** is a generalization of the negative binomial distribution (NB(*x*0,*p*)) to more than two outcomes.

As with the univariate negative binomial distribution, if the parameter $x\_{0}$ is a positive integer, the negative multinomial distribution has an urn model interpretation. Suppose we have an experiment that generates *m*+1≥2 possible outcomes, {*X*0,...,*X**m*}, each occurring with non-negative probabilities {*p*0,...,*p**m*} respectively. If sampling proceeded until *n* observations were made, then {*X*0,...,*X**m*} would have been multinomially distributed. However, if the experiment is stopped once *X*0 reaches the predetermined value *x*0 (assuming *x*0 is a positive integer), then the distribution of the *m*-tuple {*X*1,...,*X**m*} is *negative multinomial*. These variables are not multinomially distributed because their sum *X*1+...+*X**m* is not fixed, being a draw from a negative binomial distribution.

## Properties

### Marginal distributions

If *m*-dimensional **x** is partitioned as follows $\mathbf {X} ={\begin{bmatrix}\mathbf {X} ^{(1)}\\\mathbf {X} ^{(2)}\end{bmatrix}{\text{ with sizes }{\begin{bmatrix}n\times 1\\\(m-n)\times 1\end{bmatrix}}}}$ and accordingly $\boldsymbol {p}$ $\boldsymbol {p}={\begin{bmatrix}{\boldsymbol {p}^{(1)}\\\{\boldsymbol {p}^{(2)}\end{bmatrix}{\text{ with sizes }{\begin{bmatrix}n\times 1\\\(m-n)\times 1\end{bmatrix}}}}}}$ and let $q=1-\sum \_{i}p\_{i}^{(2)}=p\_{0}+\sum \_{i}p\_{i}^{(1)}$

The marginal distribution of $\boldsymbol {X}^{(1)}$ is $\mathrm {NM} (x\_{0},p\_{0}/q,{\boldsymbol {p}^{(1)}/q)}$. That is the marginal distribution is also negative multinomial with the $\boldsymbol {p}^{(2)}$ removed and the remaining *p'*s properly scaled so as to add to one.

The univariate marginal $m=1$ is said to have a negative binomial distribution.

### Conditional distributions

The conditional distribution of $\mathbf {X} ^{(1)}$ given $\mathbf {X} ^{(2)}=\mathbf {x} ^{(2)}$ is $\textstyle \mathrm {NM} (x\_{0}+\sum {x\_{i}^{(2)},\mathbf {p} ^{(1)})}$. That is, $\Pr(\mathbf {x} ^{(1)}\mid \mathbf {x} ^{(2)},x\_{0},\mathbf {p} )=\Gamma \left(\sum \_{i=0}^{m}{x\_{i}\right){\frac {(1-\sum \_{i=1}^{n}{p\_{i}^{(1)})^{x\_{0}+\sum \_{i=1}^{m-n}x\_{i}^{(2)}{\Gamma (x\_{0}+\sum \_{i=1}^{m-n}x\_{i}^{(2)})}\prod \_{i=1}^{n}{\frac {(p\_{i}^{(1)})^{x\_{i}{(x\_{i}^{(1)})!}.}}}}}}}}$

### Independent sums

If $\mathbf {X} \_{1}\sim \mathrm {NM} (r\_{1},\mathbf {p} )$ and If $\mathbf {X} \_{2}\sim \mathrm {NM} (r\_{2},\mathbf {p} )$ are independent, then $\mathbf {X} \_{1}+\mathbf {X} \_{2}\sim \mathrm {NM} (r\_{1}+r\_{2},\mathbf {p} )$. Similarly and conversely, it is easy to see from the characteristic function that the negative multinomial is infinitely divisible.

### Aggregation

If $\mathbf {X} =(X\_{1},\ldots ,X\_{m})\sim \operatorname {NM} (x\_{0},(p\_{1},\ldots ,p\_{m}))$ then, if the random variables with subscripts *i* and *j* are dropped from the vector and replaced by their sum, $\mathbf {X} '=(X\_{1},\ldots ,X\_{i}+X\_{j},\ldots ,X\_{m})\sim \operatorname {NM} (x\_{0},(p\_{1},\ldots ,p\_{i}+p\_{j},\ldots ,p\_{m})).$

This aggregation property may be used to derive the marginal distribution of $X\_{i}$ mentioned above.

### Correlation matrix

The entries of the correlation matrix are $\rho (X\_{i},X\_{i})=1.$ $\rho (X\_{i},X\_{j})={\frac {\operatorname {cov} (X\_{i},X\_{j})}{\sqrt {\operatorname {var} (X\_{i})\operatorname {var} (X\_{j})}={\sqrt {\frac {p\_{i}p\_{j}{(p\_{0}+p\_{i})(p\_{0}+p\_{j})}.}}}}}$

## Parameter estimation

### Method of Moments

If we let the mean vector of the negative multinomial be $\boldsymbol {\mu }={\frac {x\_{0}{p\_{0}\mathbf {p} }}}$ and covariance matrix $\boldsymbol {\Sigma }={\tfrac {x\_{0}{p\_{0}^{2}\\,\mathbf {p} \mathbf {p} '+{\tfrac {x\_{0}{p\_{0}\\,\operatorname {diag} (\mathbf {p} ),}}}}}}$ then it is easy to show through properties of determinants that $\textstyle |{\boldsymbol {\Sigma }|={\frac {1}{p\_{0}\prod \_{i=1}^{m}{\mu \_{i}}}}}$. From this, it can be shown that $x\_{0}={\frac {\sum {\mu \_{i}\prod {\mu \_{i}{|{\boldsymbol {\Sigma }|-\prod {\mu \_{i}}}}}}}}$ and $\mathbf {p} ={\frac {|{\boldsymbol {\Sigma }|-\prod {\mu \_{i}{|{\boldsymbol {\Sigma }|\sum {\mu \_{i}{\boldsymbol {\mu }.}}}}}}}}$

Substituting sample moments yields the method of moments estimates $\hat {x}\_{0}={\frac {(\sum \_{i=1}^{m}{{\bar {x\_{i})}\prod \_{i=1}^{m}{\bar {x\_{i}{|\mathbf {S} |-\prod \_{i=1}^{m}{\bar {x\_{i}}}}}}}}}}$ and $\hat {\mathbf {p} }=\left({\frac {|{\boldsymbol {S}|-\prod \_{i=1}^{m}{{\bar {x}\_{i}{|{\boldsymbol {S}|\sum \_{i=1}^{m}{{\bar {x}\_{i}\right){\boldsymbol {\bar {x}}}}}}}}}}}}$

1. Le Gall, F. The modes of a negative multinomial distribution, Statistics & Probability Letters, Volume 76, Issue 6, 15 March 2006, Pages 619-624, ISSN 0167-7152, 10.1016/j.spl.2005.09.009.

Waller LA and Zelterman D. (1997). Log-linear modeling with the negative multi- nomial distribution. Biometrics 53: 971–82.

## Further reading

Johnson, Norman L.; Kotz, Samuel; Balakrishnan, N. (1997). "Chapter 36: Negative Multinomial and Other Multinomial-Related Distributions". *Discrete Multivariate Distributions*. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-12844-1.

## InfoBox

| Notation | $\textrm {NM}(x\_{0},\\,\mathbf {p} )$ | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parameters | $x\_{0}\>0$ — the number of failures before the experiment is stopped,
$\mathbf {p} $ ∈ **R***m**m*-vector of "success" probabilities,
---  *p*0 = 1 − (*p*1+…+*p**m*) — the probability of a "failure". | | |
| Support | $x\_{i}\in \\{0,1,2,\ldots \\},1\leq i\leq m$ | | |
| PMF | $\Gamma \left(\sum \_{i=0}^{m}{x\_{i}\right){\frac {p\_{0}^{x\_{0}{\Gamma (x\_{0})}\prod \_{i=1}^{m}{\frac {p\_{i}^{x\_{i}{x\_{i}!},}}}}}}}$
where Γ(*x*) is the Gamma function. | | |
| Mean | $\tfrac {x\_{0}{p\_{0}\\,\mathbf {p} }}$ | | |
| Variance | $\tfrac {x\_{0}{p\_{0}^{2}\\,\mathbf {pp} '+{\tfrac {x\_{0}{p\_{0}\\,\operatorname {diag} (\mathbf {p} )}}}}}$ | | |
| MGF | $\bigg (}{\frac {p\_{0}{1-\sum \_{j=1}^{m}p\_{j}e^{t\_{j}{\bigg )}^{x\_{0}}}}}$ | | |
| CF | $\bigg (}{\frac {p\_{0}{1-\sum \_{j=1}^{m}p\_{j}e^{it\_{j}{\bigg )}^{x\_{0}}}}}$ | | |


title: Negative option billing

abstract: Negative option billing is a business practice in which customers are given goods or services that were not previously ordered, and must either continue to pay for the service or specifically decline it in advance of billing. This is, for example, the model on which mail order services, such as Columbia House, and other book clubs are structured.

text:
# Negative option billing

**Negative option billing** is a business practice in which customers are given goods or services that were not previously ordered, and must either continue to pay for the service or specifically decline it in advance of billing.

This is, for example, the model on which mail order services, such as Columbia House, and other book clubs are structured.

## US law

According to the Federal Trade Commission, unsolicited goods are considered a gift, and the recipient is not required to pay for or return them.

This is different than situations where a customer signs up for a service or club without reading fine print and agrees to purchase goods through the mail.

A notable example is the class-action lawsuit against Scholastic Corporation by consumers who felt "harassed, deceived, intimidated, and threatened" when they tried to cancel membership.

## Canadian law

In Canada, Parliament attempted to outlaw the practice in 1996 after a public outcry the previous year when most cable television companies added a package of new specialty services to their lineups in this manner without customers signing up for the package. This had previously been the standard manner of adding new channels to cable television service, but had not previously attracted the type of controversy that was raised by the 1995 channel launch, in part because the 1995 launch entailed a large number of channels which launched concurrently, whereas previous additions had only involved one or two channels at a time.

MP Roger Gallaway introduced a private-member's bill in 1996 to ban the practice which passed first reading, but died on the order paper when the House was dissolved for the 1997 elections. It was raised again in 1999, and was passed. Michael Janigan of the Public Interest Advocacy Centre stated:

> The concern associated with the practice of negative option billing has its origins in the nature of a contract of purchase and sale, as recognized in common law. As every first year law student learns, such a contract consists of an offer and an acceptance. The history of consumer protection statutes is a chronicle of legislators attempting to ensure that the offer is conveyed without misrepresentation by the vendor to a purchaser who has an opportunity to make an informed choice to accept or refuse the offer. This is because a contract that is made with a consumer who is unaware of key elements of the contract such as price, quantity and quality of the goods to be delivered is subversive of the efficiency of the market as a whole.

The Ontario government also outlawed the practice in July 2005. Ontario's regulations prohibiting negative option billing do not protect consumers from owing for goods or services that they have agreed to receive. Additionally, Alberta has outlawed negative billing in 1998.

## UK law

In the UK the law which applies is *The Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000* (2000 No. 2334), specifically section 24 *Inertia Selling*. (This effectively replaces the repealed s.1 of the *Unsolicited Goods and Services Act* (1971, as amended).) In summary:

> (2) The recipient \[of unsolicited goods\] may, as between himself and the sender, use, deal with or dispose of the goods as if they were an unconditional gift to him.
>
> (3) The rights of the sender to the goods are extinguished.


title: Hemlock Reservoir

abstract: The Hemlock Reservoir is a reservoir in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States. Its completion was marked by the creation of the Hemlock Reservoir Dam, which was completed in 1914, and provides water to Fairfield, Bridgeport, and several other nearby towns. In 2020, Aquarion Water Co., owner of the reservoir and dam, submitted an application to transfer up to 14.2 million gallons per day of water from the Greater Bridgeport System, primarily including the Hemlock Reservoir system, to the Southwest Fairfield County Region. Critics worry that this would impact the water quality from the reservoir. Largemouth bass, chain pickerel, and rainbow trout are commonly found in the reservoir, but fishing is prohibited.

text:
# Hemlock Reservoir

The **Hemlock Reservoir** is a reservoir in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States. Its completion was marked by the creation of the Hemlock Reservoir Dam, which was completed in 1914, and provides water to Fairfield, Bridgeport, and several other nearby towns.

In 2020, Aquarion Water Co., owner of the reservoir and dam, submitted an application to transfer up to 14.2 million gallons per day of water from the Greater Bridgeport System, primarily including the Hemlock Reservoir system, to the Southwest Fairfield County Region. Critics worry that this would impact the water quality from the reservoir.

Largemouth bass, chain pickerel, and rainbow trout are commonly found in the reservoir, but fishing is prohibited.

## InfoBox

| Hemlock Reservoir | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Hemlock ReservoirHemlock Reservoir | |
| Location | Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°13′06″N 73°17′29″W / 41.2183°N 73.2914°W / 41.2183; -73.2914 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Primary inflows | Saugatuck River |
| Primary outflows | Saugatuck River |
| Catchment area | 5.3 square miles (14 km2) |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface area | 437 acres (1.77 km2) |
| Water volume | 11,662 acre-feet (14,385,000 m3) |
| Surface elevation | 226 ft (69 m) |
|  | |
| References |  |


title: Hemlock Run

abstract: Hemlock Run is a tributary of West Branch Fishing Creek in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) long and flows through Davidson Township. The stream has three unnamed tributaries. Its watershed has an area of 1.28 square miles (3.3 km⁲). Wisconsinan Till Moraine, Wisconsinan Bouldery Till, Wisconsinan Flow-Till, and Wisconsinan Till all occur near the stream.

text:
# Hemlock Run

**Hemlock Run** is a tributary of West Branch Fishing Creek in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) long and flows through Davidson Township. The stream has three unnamed tributaries. Its watershed has an area of 1.28 square miles (3.3 km2). Wisconsinan Till Moraine, Wisconsinan Bouldery Till, Wisconsinan Flow-Till, and Wisconsinan Till all occur near the stream.

## Course

Hemlock Run begins on a mountain known as Roundtop in Davidson Township. It flows south-southwest for several tenths of a mile, receiving an unnamed tributary from the right. It then turns southeast for a few tenths of a mile and receives an unnamed tributary from the left before turning south-southwest and then south-southeast. The stream enters a deep valley and receives another unnamed tributary from the right. Over the next several tenths of a mile, it gradually turns south and reaches its confluence with West Branch Fishing Creek.

Hemlock Run joins West Branch Fishing Creek 9.73 miles (15.66 km) upstream of its mouth.

### Tributaries

Hemlock Run has no named tributaries. However, it does have three unnamed tributaries. The first tributary is approximately 0.2 miles (0.32 km) long and joins Hemlock Run near its headwaters. The second tributary is approximately 0.6 miles (0.97 km) or 0.7 miles (1.1 km) long and the third tributary is approximately 0.4 miles (0.64 km) long.

## Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Hemlock Run is 1,827 feet (557 m) above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is between 2,340 and 2,360 feet (710 and 720 m) above sea level.

Hemlock Run has a bedrock gorge. Additionally, the stream has waterfalls along its length. There are several distinct arcuate ridges of till in the valley of the stream.

The terminus of the glaciers during the late Wisconsinan period of glaciation was in the vicinity of Hemlock Run. There are two buried valleys near the stream, one on either side of its gorge and waterfall reach. One of the valleys follows Hemlock Run in a northerly direction.

A small portion of the valley of Hemlock Run is on bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale. The Wisconsinan Till Moraine occurs near the stream in its lower reaches, as does the Wisconsinan Bouldery Till. Both of these are glacial or resedimented glacial tills. The latter has boulders consisting of quartz, sandstone, and conglomerate on the surface. A resedimented glacial till known as the Wisconsinan Flow-Till also occurs near the stream in its lower reaches. The Wisconsinan Till occurs in the upper reaches of the watershed.

## Watershed

The watershed of Hemlock Run has an area of 1.28 square miles (3.3 km2). The stream is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Sonestown. It is in the eastern part of that quadrangle. The stream is situated on the northern side of North Mountain.

There are wingwalls made of concrete in the vicinity of Hemlock Run. Upstream of these wingwalls, there are approximately 75 feet (23 m) of R-5 riprap along the stream's west bank. This riprap is in a layer that is 24 inches (61 cm) thick. The Pennsylvania Game Commission has a permit to maintain the riprap and the streambed with the wingwalls.

## History

Hemlock Run was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1176814.

## InfoBox

| Hemlock Run | |
| --- | --- |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Roundtop in Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania |
| elevation | between 2,340 and 2,360 feet (710 and 720 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | West Branch Fishing Creek in Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania |
| coordinates | 41°19′05″N 76°30′24″W / 41.31804°N 76.50666°W / 41.31804; -76.50666 |
| elevation | 1,827 ft (557 m) |
| Length | 1.8 mi (2.9 km) |
| Basin size | 1.28 sq mi (3.3 km2) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | West Branch Fishing Creek → Fishing CreekSusquehanna RiverChesapeake Bay |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | one unnamed tributary |
| right | two unnamed tributaries |


title: Neave, Kentucky

abstract: Neave is an unincorporated community located in Bracken County, Kentucky, United States.

text:
# Neave, Kentucky

**Neave** is an unincorporated community located in Bracken County, Kentucky, United States.

## History

A post office called Neave was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1906. A variant name was Holton's Corner.

## InfoBox

| Neave | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| NeaveLocation within the state of KentuckyNeaveNeave (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°38′51″N 84°12′8″W / 38.64750°N 84.20222°W / 38.64750; -84.20222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Bracken |
| Elevation | 948 ft (289 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 508678 |


title: Heinz Rudolph Schaffer

abstract: Heinz Rudolf Schaffer (1926-2008) was a German-born British developmental psychologist.

text:
# Heinz Rudolph Schaffer

**Heinz Rudolf Schaffer** (1926-2008) was a German-born British developmental psychologist.

## Life

He was born into a Jewish family in Berlin in 1926. With the rise of Nazism, his parents arranged his escape to England on the kindertransport. His father died of pneumonia in Theresienstadt concentration camp, and his mother was gassed in Auschwitz.

He started studying architecture at the University of Liverpool but left before completion. He moved to London, took a job with a glass exporting company, and enrolled at Birkbeck College to study psychology in the evenings.

From 1951–55, he worked at the Tavistock Clinic under the direction of John Bowlby.

In 1955 he took a position as a clinical psychologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Yorkhill, Glasgow where he worked until 1964. At the same time, he gained his PhD from the University of Glasgow.

In 1964, he joined Gustav Jahoda to help establish the Department of Psychology at the University of Strathclyde. He began his academic career as Lecturer, was promoted to Professor and was then Head of Department from 1982 to 1991 when he retired as Emeritus Professor.

## Work

Schaffer was one of the most influential developmental psychologists in Britain. He researched and published prolifically in all aspects of child social development. Reflecting his own traumatic childhood, he was particularly interested in early child socialisation, attachment and mother-infant interaction. In 1992 he established the journal Social Development.

## Awards

## Publications

* Schaffer, H.R. & Emerson, P.E. (1964). *The development of social attachment in infancy.* Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 29, no.3, serial no.94
* Schaffer, H.R. & Schaffer, E.B. (1969). *Child Care and the Family.* London: Bell.
* Schaffer, H.R. (1971). *The Growth of Sociability.* Harmondsworth: Penguin (translated into 9 languages)
* Schaffer, H.R. (ed.) )1971). *The Origins of Human Social Relations.* London: Academic Press.
* Schaffer, H.R. (1977). *Mothering.* London: Fontana; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (translated into 15 languages)
* Schaffer, H.R. (ed) (1977). *Studies in Mother-Infant Interaction.* London: Academic Press (translated into 2 languages)
* Schaffer, H.R. (ed.) (1983). *Nuevas Perspectivas En Psicologia Del Descarrollo En Lengua Inglesa* (New perspectives in psychological development in the English language). Infancia y Apredizaja (Madrid). Monograph no.3.
* Schaffer, H.R. (1984). *The Child's Entry into a Social World.* London: Academic Press (translated into 2 languages).
* Schaffer, H.R. (1990). *Making Decisions About Children: Psychological Questions and Answers.* Oxford: Blackwell (translated into 6 languages). Second edition, 1998
* Schaffer, H.R. (1995). *Early Socialisation.* Leicester: British Psychological Society.
* Schaffer, H.R. (1996). *Social Development*. Oxford: Blackwell (translated into 6 languages).
* Schaffer, H.R. (2004). *Introducing Child Psychology*. Oxford: Blackwell.

## InfoBox

| Heinz Rudolf SchafferHonFBPsS; FRSE | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1926<br>Berlin |
| Died | 2008 |
| Nationality | German/ British |
| Alma mater | Birkbeck, University of London; University of Glasgow |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | University of Strathclyde |
| Thesis | *Psychological factors in the development of cerebral palsied children* (1962) |
|  | |


abstract: Nehru Memorial Government College, Hansi is a public funded college located in Hansi in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies on Hansi Barwala bypass road to the east of the college. The college offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in arts, science, commerce, business, computer and electronics.

text:
# Nehru Memorial Government College, Hansi

**Nehru Memorial Government College, Hansi** is a public funded college located in Hansi in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies on Hansi Barwala bypass road to the east of the college. The college offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in arts, science, commerce, business, computer and electronics.

## InfoBox

Nehru Memorial Government College, Hansi
| Other names | NMGC, Hansi |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public |
| Affiliation | Government of Haryana |
| Academic affiliations | Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology |
| Location | Hansi, Haryana, India<br>29°06′N 75°58′E / 29.1°N 75.97°E / 29.1; 75.97 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | www.nmc.ac.in |


title: Nehru Memorial College, Sullia

abstract:
Nehru Memorial College (NMC) is located in Kurunjibag, Sullia of Karnataka state of India, is a government aided college serving students seeking under graduation and post graduation courses. This college is the premier institution under Academy of Liberal Education (R.) Sullia. The college is accredited with 'B+' grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council. The college provides following Under Graduation courses :
  - Bachelor of Arts
  - Bachelor of Science
  - Bachelor of Commerce
  - Bachelor of Business Administration
  - Bachelor of Social Works
  - Master of Social Works
  - Master of Commerce

text:
# Nehru Memorial College, Sullia

**Nehru Memorial College** (**NMC**) is located in Kurunjibag, Sullia of Karnataka state of India, is a government aided college serving students seeking under graduation and post graduation courses. This college is the premier institution under Academy of Liberal Education (R.) Sullia.

The college is accredited with 'B+' grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

The college provides following Under Graduation courses :

* Bachelor of Arts
* Bachelor of Science
* Bachelor of Commerce
* Bachelor of Business Administration
* Bachelor of Social Works
* Master of Social Works
* Master of Commerce

## Extra curricular activities

## History

The main visionary behind this college is Sri Kurunji Venkatramana Gowda, popularly known as the "Architect of Modern Sullia" is also the Founder President of the Academy of Liberal Education. The Academy of Liberal Education is a Registered Society established in 1976 with the sole objective of providing quality education in all branches including professional courses.

## Campus

The college campus is called Kurunjibag.

### Nehru Memorial Pre-University College

* PUC Arts
* PUC Commerce
* PUC Science

12°33′15″N 75°22′55″E / 12.5541°N 75.3820°E / 12.5541; 75.3820

## InfoBox

Nehru Memorial College
| Front View of Nehru Memorial College, Sullia | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | NAHI JNANENA SADRUSHAM |
| Type | Bachelor's Degree, Master's Degree |
| Established | 1976 |
| Founder | Late Dr|| Kurunji Venkatramana Gowda |
| Accreditation | NAAC, UGC |
| Academic affiliation | Mangalore University |
| President | Dr. K V Chidananda |
| Principal | Mr. Rudrakumar M M |
| Location | Kurunjibag, Sullia, Karnataka, 574327, India |
| Language | English, Kannada |
| Affiliations | Academy of Liberal Education (R.), Sullia |
| Website | www.kvgnmc.org |


title: Hemorrhagic transformation

abstract: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) or hemorrhagic conversion is a medical complication that can occur in the brain following an acute ischemic stroke, a condition in which blood flow to the brain is blocked. Hemorrhagic transformation is a process which involves the bleeding of brain tissue that has been affected by the stroke and can take two forms: petechial hemorrhage and parenchymal hemorrhage. HT can lead to further damage to the brain tissue and worsen the outcome of the initial stroke. The risk of HT increases with the severity and duration of the initial stroke, as well as with certain medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and clotting disorders and the use of certain medications, such as anticoagulants and thrombolytic tpA medication which can increase the bleeding risk. Effective treatment is complex and may involve medications to control bleeding, management of underlying medical conditions, and sometimes neurosurgical treatment to reduce the bleeding.

text:
# Hemorrhagic transformation

**Hemorrhagic transformation (HT)** or **hemorrhagic conversion** is a medical complication that can occur in the brain following an acute ischemic stroke, a condition in which blood flow to the brain is blocked.

Hemorrhagic transformation is a process which involves the bleeding of brain tissue that has been affected by the stroke and can take two forms: **petechial hemorrhage** and **parenchymal hemorrhage**.

HT can lead to further damage to the brain tissue and worsen the outcome of the initial stroke. The risk of HT increases with the severity and duration of the initial stroke, as well as with certain medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and clotting disorders and the use of certain medications, such as anticoagulants and thrombolytic tpA medication (such as alteplase) which can increase the bleeding risk.

Effective treatment is complex and may involve medications to control bleeding (reversing coagulopathy), management of underlying medical conditions, and sometimes neurosurgical treatment to reduce the bleeding.

## Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms can vary depending on the severity and location of the bleeding within the brain tissue.

In the medical literature, various criteria have been used to establish whether a hemorrhagic infarction is symptomatic or not. Studies have shown that only parenchymal hematomas are strongly associated with long-term deterioration and worsening of the patient's condition. Most cases of hemorrhagic transformation, including the majority of petechial hemorrhages, are asymptomatic and do not cause noticeable symptoms.

Some common symptoms might include:

## Pathophysiology

HT involves the extravasation of blood from the peripheral circulation across a disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into the brain tissue.

## Epidemiology

Around 10-15% of patients with acute ischemic stroke experience hemorrhagic transformation.

## InfoBox

| Hemorrhagic transformation | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Neurology |
| Usual onset | In majority seen within 4 days of initial stroke. In patients treated with thrombolysis - within 24 hours. |
| Types | petechial hemorrhage, parenchymal hemorrhage |
| Diagnostic method | Brain computed tomography (CT) angiography |


title: Nehru Place metro station

abstract: Nehru Place is a Delhi Metro station in Delhi. It is located between Kailash Colony and Kalkaji Mandir stations on the Violet Line. The station was opened with the first section of the Line on 3 October 2010, in time for the 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony on the same day. It caters to Nehru Place business centre, Kalkaji and Chittaranjan Park area. Yes Bank is also available to near this metro station.

text:
# Nehru Place metro station

**Nehru Place** is a Delhi Metro station in Delhi. It is located between Kailash Colony and Kalkaji Mandir stations on the Violet Line. The station was opened with the first section of the Line on 3 October 2010, in time for the 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony on the same day. It caters to Nehru Place business centre, Kalkaji and Chittaranjan Park area. Yes Bank is also available to near this metro station.

## Station layout

| **L2** | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | **Platform 1**
**Southbound** | Towards → Raja Nahar Singh
**Next Station:** Kalkaji Mandir ***Change at the next station for** Magenta Line* |
| | **Platform 2**
**Northbound** | Towards ← Kashmere Gate
**Next Station:** Kailash Colony |
| | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| **L1** | Concourse | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| **G** | Street Level | Exit/Entrance |

## Facilities

Several ATMs are available at Nehru Place metro station.

## Connections

Delhi Metro feeder bus service available to Malviya Nagar metro station situated on Yellow Line of Delhi Metro.

## InfoBox

|
Nehru Place | |
| --- | --- |
| Delhi Metro station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Nehru Place, New Delhi, 110019 |
| Coordinates | 28°33′5.0508″N 77°15′6.3569″E / 28.551403000°N 77.251765806°E / 28.551403000; 77.251765806 |
| Owned by | Delhi Metro |
| Line(s) | Violet Line |
| Platforms |  |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Elevated |
| Platform levels | 2 |
| Parking | Available |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | NP |
| History | |
| Opened | 3 October 2010 (2010-10-03) |
| Electrified | 25 kV 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 594,566 | 19,180 (As of Jan 2015) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Delhi Metro Following station  Kailash Colonytowards Kashmere Gate  Violet Line  Kalkaji Mandirtowards Raja Nahar Singh | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Nehag

abstract: Nehag Dera is a Tehsil, known as Nehag Union Council, of Central Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Previously, it was a union council of Wari Tehsil of Upper Dir District. In 2022, Central Dir District was created, and Nehag Dera union council was established as a tehsil of the new district.

text:
# Nehag

**Nehag Dera** is a Tehsil, known as Nehag Union Council, of Central Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Previously, it was a union council of Wari Tehsil of Upper Dir District. In 2022, Central Dir District was created, and Nehag Dera union council was established as a tehsil of the new district.

## InfoBox

| Nehag Dera | |
| --- | --- |
| Tehsil | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Province | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Central Dir |
| Tehsil status | 2022 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |


title: Helping Henry

abstract: Helping Henry is a United Kingdom Channel 4 children's television programme, which ran for one series of thirteen 15-minute episodes in 1988. Designed as an educational show, it featured a young boy named Stephen explaining how things worked to an alien named N-3, who was disguised as a dining-room chair because his superiors believed that static four legged things were clearly a superior species to the 'two legs' who bustled about them. "Henry" was designed and built by Fluck and Law, creators of puppets for Spitting Image, and voiced by Jeremy Hardy. The series was created and written by Chips Hardy and John Henderson. One of the additional writers was Peter Algate.

text:
# Helping Henry

***Helping Henry*** is a United Kingdom Channel 4 children's television programme, which ran for one series of thirteen 15-minute episodes in 1988. Designed as an educational show, it featured a young boy named Stephen explaining how things worked to an alien named N-3 (or "Henry"), who was disguised as a dining-room chair because his superiors believed that static four legged things were clearly a superior species to the 'two legs' who bustled about them. "Henry" was designed and built by Fluck and Law, creators of puppets for *Spitting Image*, and voiced by Jeremy Hardy.

The series was created and written by Chips Hardy and John Henderson. One of the additional writers was Peter Algate.


title: Hell-Fire (story)

abstract: "Hell-Fire" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, originally published in the May 1956 issue of Fantastic Universe and reprinted in the 1957 collection Earth Is Room Enough. It is one of a number of stories, such as "Darwinian Pool Room" and "Silly Asses", in which Asimov worries about the nuclear arms race of the 1950s.

text:
# Hell-Fire (story)

"**Hell-Fire**" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, originally published in the May 1956 issue of *Fantastic Universe* and reprinted in the 1957 collection *Earth Is Room Enough*. It is one of a number of stories, such as "Darwinian Pool Room" and "Silly Asses", in which Asimov worries about the nuclear arms race of the 1950s.

## Plot summary

"Hell-Fire" is an extremely short story, and deals with a journalist, Alvin Horner, who speaks with Joseph Vincenzo, a scientist at Los Alamos, at the first exhibition of a film with super-slow-motion footage of a nuclear explosion, with the footage "divided into billionth-second snaps." Vincenzo is sure that nuclear bombs are hell-fire, and tells the journalist they shall ultimately destroy mankind.

After the scientist's observations, the film starts. For a brief moment, before initiating the full reaction into the infamous nuclear toadstool, the atomic blast resembles a specific shape: the face of the Devil.

## InfoBox

| "Hell-Fire" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by Isaac Asimov | |
|  | |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Science fiction |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *Fantastic Universe* |
| Publication type | Periodical |
| Publisher | King-Size Publications |
| Media type | Print (magazine, hardback, paperback) |
| Publication date | May 1956 |


title: Hemicopha

abstract: Hemicopha is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

text:
# Hemicopha

***Hemicopha*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Hemicopha* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | ***Hemicopha*** |
|


title: Nectandra debilis

abstract: Nectandra debilis is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Espírito Santo state and Rio de Janeiro (state) of Southeastern Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Nectandra debilis

***Nectandra debilis*** is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae.

It is endemic to Espírito Santo state and Rio de Janeiro (state) of Southeastern Brazil.

It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Nectandra debilis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | *Nectandra* |
| Species: | ***N. debilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nectandra debilis***
Mez | |
|


title: Henry "Son" Sims

abstract: Henry "Son" Sims was an American Delta blues fiddler and songwriter. He is best known as an accompanist for Charley Patton and the young Muddy Waters.

text:
# Henry "Son" Sims

**Henry "Son" Sims** (August 22, 1890 – December 23, 1958) was an American Delta blues fiddler and songwriter. He is best known as an accompanist for Charley Patton and the young Muddy Waters.

## Life and career

Sims was born in Anguilla, Mississippi, the only son of five children. He learned to play the fiddle from his grandfather. Sims served with the US Army in France during World War I.

Sims went on to be the leader of the Mississippi Corn Shuckers, a rural string ensemble, and played with them for a number of years. He joined his childhood friend Charley Patton in a recording session for Paramount Records in Grafton, Wisconsin, in June 1929. Sims accompanied Patton on fiddle on thirteen tracks, including "Elder Greene Blues", "Going to Move to Alabama" and "Devil Sent the Rain Blues"; and recorded four of his own songs, including "Tell Me Man Blues", his best-known composition, and "Farrell Blues". He played alongside Patton at times until the Patton's death in 1934, when Sims returned to working on a plantation. By then he could also play the mandolin, guitar and piano.

On August 28, 1941, Sims accompanied Muddy Waters in a recording session under the direction of Alan Lomax, as part of his recordings for the Library of Congress. In the 1940s, Sims also accompanied Robert Nighthawk on several occasions. He continued a solo career into the 1950s.

Sims died following renal surgery in December 1958 in Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of 68. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Bell Grove Baptist Church Cemetery, in Clarksdale, Mississippi.

## Recordings

### Singles

Henry "Son" Sims (vocals), Patton accompanying guitar

| Recording Date | Recording Location | Matrix | Song | Paramount Issue # |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 1929 | Grafton, Wisconsin | L0046 | "Come Back Corrinna" | 12912-A |
| November 1929 | Grafton, Wisconsin | L0045 | "Farrell Blues" | 12912-B |
| December 1929 | Grafton, Wisconsin | L0066 | "Be True, Be True Blues" | 12940-A |
| December 1929 | Grafton, Wisconsin | L0065 | "Tell Me Man Blues" | 12940-B |

### Compilation album appearances

| Title | on album(s) |
| --- | --- |
| "Tell Me Man Blues" | *Screamin' and Hollerin' the Blues: The Worlds of Charley Patton*;
*Violin, Sing the Blues for Me: African-American Fiddlers 1926–1949* |
| "Farrell Blues" | *Screamin' and Hollerin' the Blues: The Worlds of Charley Patton*;
*The Great Race Record Labels, Vol. 1* |
| "Be True, Be True Blues" | *Mississippi Blues 1927–1941* |
| "Come Back Corrina" | *Screamin' and Hollerin' the Blues: The Worlds of Charley Patton* |

**With Muddy Waters**

## Further reading

* Calt, Stephen; Wardlow, Gayle (1988). *King of the Delta Blues: The Life and Music of Charlie Patton*. ISBN 0961861002.
* Palmer, Robert (1995). *Deep Blues*. ISBN 0140062238.

## InfoBox

| Henry "Son" Sims | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Henry Sims |
| Born | (1890-08-22)August 22, 1890
Anguilla, Mississippi, United States |
| Died | December 23, 1958(1958-12-23) (aged 68)
Memphis, Tennessee, United States |
| Genres | Delta blues |
| Occupation(s) | Fiddler, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Fiddle, guitar, piano, mandolin |
| Years active | 1920s1950s |
| Labels | Paramount |


title: Henri Ernest Baillon

abstract: Henri Ernest Baillon was French botanist and physician. Baillon spent his academic life teaching natural history and publishing numerous works on botany. He was appointed to the Légion d'honneur in 1867, joined the Royal Society in 1894 and put together the Dictionnaire de botanique with Auguste Faguet's wood engravings. The standard author abbreviation Baill. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

text:
# Henri Ernest Baillon

**Henri Ernest Baillon** (30 November 1827 in Calais – 19 July 1895 in Paris) was French botanist and physician.

Baillon spent his academic life teaching natural history and publishing numerous works on botany. He was appointed to the Légion d'honneur in 1867, joined the Royal Society in 1894 and put together the *Dictionnaire de botanique* with Auguste Faguet's wood engravings.

The standard author abbreviation Baill. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Select works

* *Étude générale du groupe des Euphorbiacées* (1858)
* *Monographie des Buxacées et des Stylocérée* (1859)
* *Recherches organogéniques sur la fleur femelle des Conifères* (1860)
* *Recherches sur l’organisation, le développement et l’anatomie des Caprifoliacées* (1864)
* *Adansonia, recueil périodique d’observations botaniques* (12 volumes, 1866–1879)
* *Histoire des plantes* (thirteen volumes, 1867-1895)
* *Dictionnaire de botanique* (four volumes, 1876–1892)
* *Histoire naturelle des plantes de Madagascar* (three volumes)
* *Traité de botanique médicale phanérogamique* (1883-1884).
* Baillon, M. H. (1 November 1893). "L'organisation et les affinités des Campynémées". *Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Paris* (in French). **2** (140): 1105–1109.

## InfoBox

| Henri Ernest Baillon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


title: Henri Emmanuelli

abstract: Henri Emmanuelli was a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he was a deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and again from 2000 to 2017. He served as President of the National Assembly from 1992 to 1993 and First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1994 to 1995.

text:
# Henri Emmanuelli

**Henri Emmanuelli** (French pronunciation: \[ɑ̃ʁi ɑ̃manɥeli\]; 31 May 1945 – 21 March 2017) was a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he was a deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and again from 2000 to 2017. He served as President of the National Assembly from 1992 to 1993 and First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1994 to 1995.

## Early life and career

Emmanuelli was born in Eaux-Bonnes in the French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. He grew up with a working-class background and lost his father at a very young age. He studied at Lycée Louis-Barthou in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques and then in Sciences Po in Paris.

In 1969, he joined the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild. In 1971, he was appointed to the management of this company, becoming a senior banking executive and then a co-director in 1975. He continued his professional career at the Rothschild Bank until he was elected to the National Assembly at age 32 in 1978.

## Political career

Emmanuelli joined the Socialist Party in 1971. On the request of François Mitterrand he was, at the age of 27, a candidate in the 1978 legislative election in the 2nd constituency of Lot-et-Garonne. But it was on 19 March 1978 that he was elected for the first time as the deputy for the 3rd constituency of Landes, which moved the district to the left-wing. In 1982, he was elected for the first time as the President of the General Council of Landes. Between 1981 and 1986, he served in the governments of Pierre Mauroy and Laurent Fabius as Secretary of State tasked with the DOM-TOM territories of France (1981–1983), Secretary of State for the Budget (1983–1986) as well as Secretary of State for Consumption (1984–1986).

Between January 1992 and April 1993, he was President of the National Assembly. He was then elected First Secretary of the Socialist Party in June 1994 and held this office until October 1995. His election to this position was seen as "revenge" for the Mitterrand wing of the Socialist Party against Michel Rocard, the incumbent First Secretary, who had been weakened by the party's poor result in the 1994 European Parliament election. However, he was defeated by Lionel Jospin in the race to represent the Socialist Party in the 1995 presidential election. Jospin also took on the role of First Secretary in October 1995. One year later, Emmanuelli was convicted for the illicit financing of the party when he was its treasurer. He re-entered politics in 2000.

Whilst he was a faithful supporter of Mitterrand until the latter's death, he is identified as belonging to the left-wing of the Socialist Party, and was one of the leaders of the party's "New World" faction formed in 2002 that aimed to steer the party leftwards after Jospin's poor performance in that year's presidential election. In the campaigns for the referendum on the European Constitution in 2005 and the Treaty of Rome of 2004, he publicly declared himself in favour of the "no" campaign; this put him in direct opposition to the official line of the Socialist Party, which was in favour of the treaty. He believed that the treaty was a move away from the idea of a federal Europe, which he endorsed, notably in his "Plea for Europe". He was followed by his close supporters, one of which was Michel Vergnier, a deputy for Creuse. In 2000, he took part in the Congress of Grenoble of the Socialist Party and was an avid campaigner for a Socialist Party that was aligned to the left. For the Congress of Le Mans in November 2005, he associated himself with the New Socialist Party motion of Arnaud Montebourg, Vincent Peillon and Benoît Hamon.

## Other activities

## Death

Emmanuelli died on 21 March 2017 at a medical centre in Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques from complications of acute bronchitis at the age of 71.

## Political positions

**Governmental functions**

* Secretary of State for Overseas Territories: 1981–1983
* Secretary of State for the Budget and Consommation: 1983–1986

**Electoral mandates**

***National Assembly of France***

* President of the National Assembly of France: 1992–1993
* Member of the National Assembly of France for Landes (3rd constituency): 1978–1981 (became Secretary of State in 1981) / 1986–1997 (sentenced to prison in 1997) / 2000–2017. Elected in 1978, reelected in 1981, 1986, 1988, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2007, 2012.

***Regional Council***

* Regional councillor of Aquitaine: 1986–1988 (resignation).

***General Council***

* President of the General Council of Landes: 1982–1997 (sentenced to prison in 1997) / 2000–2015. Reelected in 1985, 1988, 1992, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2011. President of the Departmental Council: 2015–2017. Elected in 2015.
* General councillor of Landes, elected in the canton of Tartas-Ouest, then from 1994 in the canton of Mugron: 1982–1997 (sentenced to prison in 1997) / 2000–2015. Reelected in 1988, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2008. Departmental councillor: 2015–2017. Elected in 2015 in the canton of Coteau de Chalosse.

**Political function**

* First Secretary (leader) of the Socialist Party: 1994–1995, elected in 1994.

## Publications

* *Plaidoyer pour l’Europe*, Éditions Flammarion, July 1992. (A Plea for Europe)
* *Citadelles interdites*, Éditions Ramsay, 2000 (roman). (Forbidden Citadels)

1. Jim Jarrassé, La banque Rothschild, un vivier de politiques, *Le Figaro*, 27 August 2014
2. Thomas Sancton, "Left at the Starting Blocks", *Time*. 20 February 1995.
3. Bruce Crumley, "The French Opposition", *Time*. 8 September 2002.
4. John Henley, "Raffarin in line to be victim of political disarray". *The Guardian*, 30 May 2005.
5. John Nichols, "French Voters Rewrite History", *The Nation*. 31 May 2005.
6. Sharon Wajsbrot (23 August 2017), Gilles Le Gendre, gage de renouveau pour l'organe de vigie de la CDC *Les Echos*.
7. « Henri Emmanuelli est mort », *Sud-Ouest*, 21 March 2017 (in French).

## InfoBox

| Henri Emmanuelli | |
| --- | --- |
| Emmanuelli in 2007 | |
|  | |
| President of the National Assembly | |
| **In office**
22 January 1992  1 April 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Laurent Fabius |
| Succeeded by | Philippe Séguin |
| First Secretary of the Socialist Party | |
| **In office**
19 June 1994  14 October 1995 | |
| Preceded by | Michel Rocard |
| Succeeded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Secretary of State for the Budget and Consommation | |
| **In office**
22 March 1983  20 March 1986 | |
| Prime Minister | Pierre Mauroy |
| Preceded by | Laurent Fabius |
| Succeeded by | Alain Juppé |
| Secretary of State for Overseas France | |
| **In office**
22 May 1981  22 May 1983 | |
| Prime Minister | Pierre Mauroy |
| Preceded by | Paul Dijoud |
| Succeeded by | Georges Lemoine |
| Elective offices in Landes   Member of the National Assembly
for Landes  **In office**
7 February 2000  21 March 2017  Preceded by Joël Goyheneix  Succeeded by Monique Lubin  Constituency 3rd  **In office**
23 June 1988  17 December 1997  Preceded by *Proportional representation*  Succeeded by Joël Goyheneix  Constituency 3rd  **In office**
2 April 1986  14 May 1988  Constituency At-large  **In office**
3 April 1978  23 July 1981  Preceded by Jean-Marie Commenay  Succeeded by Robert Cabé  Constituency 3rd  President of the Departmental Council of Landes  **In office**
7 February 2000  21 March 2017  Preceded by Robert Cabé  Succeeded by Xavier Fortinon  **In office**
22 March 1982  1 December 1997  Preceded by Henri Scognamiglio  Succeeded by Robert Cabé | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-05-31)31 May 1945
Eaux-Bonnes, France |
| Died | 21 March 2017(2017-03-21) (aged 71)
Bayonne, France |
| Resting place | Laurède |
| Political party | Socialist Party (1971–2017) |
| Alma mater | Sciences Po |
| Profession | Banker |
|  | |


title: Estola albosignata

abstract: Estola albosignata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.

text:
# Estola albosignata

***Estola albosignata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Estola albosignata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Estola* |
| Species: | ***E. albosignata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Estola albosignata***<br>Breuning, 1940 | |
|


title: Paul Curry

abstract: Paul Curry was the vice-president of the Blue Cross Insurance Company of New York, and a famous amateur magician who became well known in the magic community for inventing highly-original card magic. Many magicians have performed illusions and effects created by Curry. Doug Henning used Curry's "The Sliding Knot" in one of his TV specials. Curry's most famous creation is Out of This World, a self-working card trick that he created in 1942, at the age of 25. Curry is the author of a number of books and manuscripts dealing with his many original magical creations. He has also been credited with inventing the missing square puzzle. On 12 March 1977, the Academy of Magical Arts at The Magic Castle awarded Paul Curry a "Creative Fellowship" award.

text:
# Paul Curry

**Paul Curry** (August 19, 1917 – February 19, 1986) was the vice-president of the Blue Cross Insurance Company of New York, and a famous amateur magician who became well known in the magic community for inventing highly-original card magic.

Many magicians have performed illusions and effects created by Curry. Doug Henning used Curry's "The Sliding Knot" in one of his TV specials. Curry's most famous creation is Out of This World, a self-working card trick that he created in 1942, at the age of 25. Curry is the author of a number of books and manuscripts dealing with his many original magical creations.

He has also been credited with inventing the missing square puzzle.

On 12 March 1977, the Academy of Magical Arts at The Magic Castle awarded Paul Curry a "Creative Fellowship" award.

## Selected books

* *Paul Curry's Worlds Beyond* (2002) ISBN 0-945296-36-3
* *Magician's Magic* (1965) ISBN 0-486-43176-2


title: Zonnebloem

abstract: Zonnebloem is a suburb in the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa, previously part of District Six. It was a farming estate until the early 19th century, when it became a suburb of Cape Town as the population and city boundaries grew. Zonnebloem became a home to freed slaves, merchants, labourers and immigrants. During apartheid, the area of District Six was declared a white-only area and the previous residents were forcefully evicted under the Group Areas Act of the apartheid regime. The suburb hosts the District Six Campus of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology.

text:
# Zonnebloem

**Zonnebloem** (Dutch for sunflower) is a suburb in the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa, previously part of District Six.

It was a farming estate until the early 19th century, when it became a suburb of Cape Town as the population and city boundaries grew. Zonnebloem became a home to freed slaves, merchants, labourers and immigrants. During apartheid, the area of District Six was declared a white-only area and the previous residents were forcefully evicted under the Group Areas Act of the apartheid regime.

The suburb hosts the District Six Campus of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology.

## InfoBox

| Zonnebloem District Six, Kanaladorp | |
| --- | --- |
| Street map of Zonnebloem | |
| ZonnebloemZonnebloem | |
| Coordinates: 33°55′52″S 18°25′59″E / 33.931°S 18.433°E / -33.931; 18.433 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Western Cape |
| Municipality | City of Cape Town |
| Main Place | Cape Town |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.42 km2 (0.55 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 5,122 |
| Density | 3,600/km2 (9,300/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 39.4% |
| Coloured | 31.4% |
| Indian/Asian | 2.2% |
| White | 19.6% |
| Other | 7.4% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| English | 47.1% |
| Afrikaans | 26.6% |
| Xhosa | 8.5% |
| Zulu | 1.6% |
| Other | 16.2% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 7925 |


title: Piotr Pankanin

abstract: Piotr Jerzy Pankanin was a Polish chemist and politician. A member of Solidarity and later the Labour Union, he served in the Senate from 1991 to 1993 and the Sejm from 1993 to 1997. Pankanin died on 16 November 2022, at the age of 74.

text:
# Piotr Pankanin

**Piotr Jerzy Pankanin** (16 May 1948 – 16 November 2022) was a Polish chemist and politician. A member of Solidarity and later the Labour Union, he served in the Senate from 1991 to 1993 and the Sejm from 1993 to 1997.

Pankanin died on 16 November 2022, at the age of 74.

## InfoBox

| Piotr Pankanin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Sejm | |
| **In office**
19 September 1993  20 October 1997 | |
| Constituency | Constituency No. 6 |
| Member of the Senate of Poland | |
| **In office**
26 November 1991  31 May 1993 | |
| Constituency | Bydgoskie Voivodeship |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Piotr Jerzy Pankanin
(1948-05-16)16 May 1948
Złotów, Poland |
| Died | 16 November 2022(2022-11-16) (aged 74) |
| Political party | NSZZ „Solidarność”
UP |
| Education | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| Occupation | Chemist |
|  | |


title: Meridianville, Alabama

abstract: Meridianville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville–Decatur combined statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 8,209.

text:
# Meridianville, Alabama

**Meridianville** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville–Decatur combined statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 8,209.

## History

The community of Meridianville was established in the early 1800s by a settler named Joseph Fenwick along the major north-south road from Nashville to Huntsville, now known as U.S. Route 231/431, deriving its name from being placed on the line of the base meridian. This village site first attracted squatters and small farmers, however, when Fenwick recognized the possibilities of a town, he purchased land, and offered lots for sale in 1818. Within the first decade of settlement, the bustling village of Meridianville offered several mills, gins, and stores.

## Geography

Meridianville is located in northern Madison County at 34°52′10″N 86°34′42″W / 34.86944°N 86.57833°W / 34.86944; -86.57833 (34.869312, -86.578373). It is north of Huntsville and east of Harvest and is bordered by Hazel Green to the north and Moores Mill to the east. It is the third largest community in Madison County by population after Huntsville and Madison.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Meridianville CDP has a total area of 15.6 square miles (40 km2), of which 15.5 square miles (40 km2) are land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), or 0.31%, are water.

## Education

Meridianville is served by the following public schools:

* Lynn Fanning Elementary (grades K-3)
* Moores Mill Intermediate School (3-5 as of the 2023-2024 school year)
* Meridianville Middle School (6-8 as of the 2023-2024 school year)
* Hazel Green High School (9-12)

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 105 |  |  |
| 1980 | 1,403 |  |  |
| 1990 | 2,852 |  | 103.3% |
| 2000 | 4,117 |  | 44.4% |
| 2010 | 6,021 |  | 46.2% |
| 2020 | 8,209 |  | 36.3% |
| 2024 (est.) | 11,526 |  | 40.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Meridianville first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated community of 105 residents. It did not appear again on the census for a century (1980), when it was designated a census designated place (CDP). The population was 11,526 in 2024, making it the second fastest growing place in Madison county after Triana.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,117 people, 1,492 households, and 1,250 families living in the community. The population density was 263.0 inhabitants per square mile (101.5/km2). There were 1,565 housing units at an average density of 100.0 per square mile (38.6/km2). The racial makeup of the community was 86.62% White, 9.40% Black or African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. 0.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,492 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.2% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $54,766, and the median income for a family was $61,367. Males had a median income of $42,274 versus $29,241 for females. The per capita income for the community was $23,626. About 2.9% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 6,021 people, 2,248 households, and 1,743 families living in the community. The population density was 262.2 inhabitants per square mile (101.2/km2). There were 2,353 housing units at an average density of 151.8 per square mile (58.6/km2). The racial makeup of the community was 76.3% White, 18.5% Black or African American, .7% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. 2.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,248 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.7% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $68,864, and the median income for a family was $76,449. Males had a median income of $55,956 versus $36,100 for females. The per capita income for the community was $26,834. About 2.4% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

### 2020 census

Meridianville racial composition
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 5,114 | 62.3% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 2,051 | 24.98% |
| Native American | 57 | 0.69% |
| Asian | 131 | 1.6% |
| Pacific Islander | 11 | 0.13% |
| Other/Mixed | 495 | 6.03% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 350 | 4.26% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,209 people, 2,759 households, and 2,020 families residing in the CDP.

1. "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Meridianville, Alabama
3. "Meridianville CDP, Alabama: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
4. "A History of Early Settlement: Madison County Before Statehood 1808-1819" (PDF). The Huntsville-Madison County Historical Society. Retrieved October 3, 2024.
5. Dupre, Daniel S. (1997). *Transforming the cotton frontier: Madison County, Alabama, 1800–1840*. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8071-2193-1.
6. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
7. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
8. "Meridianville, Alabama Population 2024". *worldpopulationreview.com*. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
9. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
10. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
11. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved December 17, 2021.

## InfoBox

| Meridianville, Alabama | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Location in Madison County and the state of Alabama | |
| Coordinates: 34°52′9″N 86°34′42″W / 34.86917°N 86.57833°W / 34.86917; -86.57833 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama |
| County | Madison |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.61 sq mi (40.42 km2) |
| Land | 15.56 sq mi (40.29 km2) |
| Water | 0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2) |
| Elevation | 784 ft (239 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,209 |
| Density | 527.7/sq mi (203.74/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 35759 |
| Area code | 256 |
| FIPS code | 01-48112 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2403279 |


title: Goodbye, Antoura

abstract: Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide is a memoir written by Karnig Panian, and published in English by the Stanford University Press in 2015. The memoir, originally written in Armenian, follows the five-year-old Karnig Panian through the years of the Armenian genocide, through Anatolia and Syria, and finally to the Collège Saint Joseph in Antoura, Lebanon, where the Ottoman Government had established an orphanage to Turkify surviving Armenian children. The book, in the original Armenian, was originally published in Lebanon. It was translated into English by Simon Beugekian, and published by Stanford University Press on April 8, 2015.

text:
# Goodbye, Antoura

***Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide*** is a memoir written by Karnig Panian, and published in English by the Stanford University Press in 2015. The memoir, originally written in Armenian, follows the five-year-old Karnig Panian through the years of the Armenian genocide, through Anatolia and Syria, and finally to the Collège Saint Joseph in Antoura, Lebanon, where the Ottoman Government had established an orphanage to Turkify surviving Armenian children.

The book, in the original Armenian, was originally published in Lebanon. It was translated into English by Simon Beugekian, and published by Stanford University Press on April 8, 2015.

## Plot

The memoir begins with descriptions of life in the town of Gürün, in modern-day Turkey. Panian describes his large family and the idyllic childhood he spent in his hometown, where his grandfather owned vast orchards. When Panian was only five years old, World War I began, quickly followed by the beginning of the Armenian genocide. Deportations from Armenian towns and villages began, and soon, it was the turn of Panian and his family in Gürün. Panian describes the deportation and his family's experience as they made their way, through the Syrian desert, to refugee camps in the Syrian cities of Homs and Hama. In Hama, Panian's family has its first casualties, and soon, his mother dies. His grandparents, in order to save him, decide to hand him over to an orphanage outside the refugee camp. Then, from there, the Ottoman authorities move Panian and other boys to the Collège Saint Joseph – Antoura, in Antoura, Lebanon. At the time, the College was a monastery that had been taken over by the Ottoman forces. The orphanage, which was the brainchild of Ottoman Minister of Navy Djemal Pasha and was at least partly administered by the famous Turkish feminist Halide Edib Adıvar, was, in fact, another project of the Armenian genocide: its purpose was to Turkify the hundreds of Armenian children who were virtually prisoners in the institution. Panian narrates how he and his fellow orphans often stubbornly resisted Turkification, despite appalling beatings and starvation rations. Often, he and his friends snuck out into the neighboring fields to steal fruits and vegetables to satiate their hunger. Panian even tells of boys crushing the bones of their peers who had died and had been buried in shallow graves outside the gates, and then mixing the powdered bones with water and drinking the concoction. Eventually, Panian and a few boys escaped the orphanage and sought shelter in a cave in the nearby mountains. After a few weeks of living on the run, the boys decided to return to the orphanage, only to discover that the war was over, their Turkish teachers and caretakers had left, and the orphans left unsupervised. Soon, French and Armenian soldiers (the latter serving with the French forces) arrived, and rescued the children.


title: Henry, Sweet Henry

abstract: Henry, Sweet Henry is a musical with a book by Nunnally Johnson and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill. Based on the 1964 novel The World of Henry Orient by Johnson's daughter Nora and the subsequent film of the same name, the plot focuses on Valerie and Marian, two wealthy, love-struck teenagers who stalk an avant-garde composer and aging philanderer.

text:
# Henry, Sweet Henry

***Henry, Sweet Henry*** is a musical with a book by Nunnally Johnson and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill.

Based on the 1964 novel *The World of Henry Orient* by Johnson's daughter Nora and the subsequent film of the same name, the plot focuses on Valerie and Marian, two wealthy, love-struck teenagers who stalk an avant-garde composer and aging philanderer.

## Productions

The musical premiered on Broadway on October 23, 1967 at the Palace Theatre, and closed on December 31, 1967 after 80 performances and twelve previews. It was directed by George Roy Hill and choreographed by Michael Bennett. The cast featured Don Ameche, Neva Small, Robin Wilson, Carol Bruce, Louise Lasser, Baayork Lee, Priscilla Lopez, Alice Playten, and Pia Zadora.

The stage musical was never filmed. However, during its Broadway run, Alice Playten and the chorus performed one song from the score – "Poor Little Person" — on *The Ed Sullivan Show*.

The show is one of those written about by William Goldman in his 1968 book *The Season*, which describes the ins and outs of a season on Broadway. He contends that *Henry, Sweet Henry* was well received by audience members (getting "every bit as good a reaction as *Mame* gets", referring to a smash hit of the time) but couldn't survive a bad review from Clive Barnes in the *New York Times*, who was then on a crusade to bring pop music into Broadway scores. Goldman also describes how the show was intended as a vehicle to propel its young lead Robin Wilson to stardom, but instead accidentally allowed second lead Alice Playten to steal the show.

An Off Off Broadway revival of the musical, directed and produced by James Rocco and choreographed by Rebecca Urich was in the midst of rehearsals when the theatre it was playing at, the Mercer Arts Center, collapsed to the ground. Rocco, 16 at the time, was given a challenge by the Lambs Club; if he could reorganize the show they would let the company use their theatre on 45 Street. The youngsters rose to the challenge and the show went on to play its limited engagement with a few added performances. It starred Rebecca Urich in the role of Val, which she had understudied in the original production.

The York Theatre Company "Musicals in Mufti", New York, presented a staged concert of the musical in October 2004.

## Song list

## Awards and nominations

*Source: Playbill*

* Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical (Playten, nominee)
* Tony Award for Best Choreography (Bennett, nominee)
* Theatre World Award (Playten, winner)

## InfoBox

| *Henry, Sweet Henry* | |
| --- | --- |
| Original Recording | |
| Music | Bob Merrill |
| Lyrics | Bob Merrill |
| Book | Nunnally Johnson |
| Basis | Novel and film<br>*The World of Henry Orient* |
| Productions | 1967 Broadway |


title: Estola albostictica

abstract: Estola albostictica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.

text:
# Estola albostictica

***Estola albostictica*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Estola albostictica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Estola* |
| Species: | ***E. albostictica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Estola albostictica***<br>Breuning, 1940 | |
|