title: Hockenheim station

abstract: Hockenheim station is a through station in the town of Hockenheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It was rebuilt during the construction of the Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 4 station. It has three platforms and it is in the area where fares are set by the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar.

text:
# Hockenheim station

**Hockenheim station** is a through station in the town of Hockenheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It was rebuilt during the construction of the Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 4 station. It has three platforms and it is in the area where fares are set by the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (Rhine-Neckar Transport Association, VRN).

## Construction

The station serves as a passenger station—with two 314 m long platforms—and as a passing place for trains.

The new high-speed line and the Rhine Railway are connected in the station. It is the northernmost of the four connections from the new line to the existing network, excluding those at the ends of the line. Some scheduled trains change between the two lines at the station.

Two passing loops have been built between the two lines.

## History

The first Hockenheim station was opened on the Rhine Railway on 4 August 1870 and it was replaced by the new station in 1986.

### Planning

During the planning for the high-speed railway in 1973, provision was made for an operations station in the Hockenheim area (at the 19.0 kilometre point). The new line would run to the west of this town and not be linked with the existing line in this area.

The present route of the Rhine Railway at the station was set out in the planning for zoning section 3a of the new line (covering the Hockenheim–Reilingen section from kilometres 19.183 to 23.291). The planning approval procedure was initiated in May 1976. The public hearing took place in February 1979 in the Hockenheim town hall. This provided for a combination of new and existing track in Hockenheim station.

On 14 May 1980, a new planning approval procedure was initiated for this section. The 62 objections that were raised were discussed on 18 December 1980. The opinion of the Regional Council was submitted on 30 September 1981. Two lawsuits were filed against the planning decision of 24 November 1981, but the decision was given legal endorsement on 8 June 1984.

The Mannheim-Stuttgart project group opened an information centre in Hockenheim at the beginning of 1983.

### Construction

To make room for the new line and the existing line to be bundled together, the Rhine Railway was moved 130 metres to the west during the construction work. Bundesstraße 36 (federal highway 36) was included in the infrastructure bundle, which was intended to minimise environmental impacts. According to Deutsche Bahn, the noise of the town has been reduced to a quarter by the bundling of the routes together and additional mitigation measures. The route formerly used by Rhine Railway was re-vegetated. The town of Hockenheim planned (as of 1988) to integrate recreational facilities in this green space.

The last trees were planted in the area at the end of December 1988.

### Commissioning

The relocated section of the Rhine Railway—including the new Hockenheim station—went into operation on 1 September 1986.

## Technology

One of the first (initially experimental) electronic interlockings built in Germany (class *El S*) was opened at the station in 1988. Special functions for new high-speed lines, which were not to be found on the existing network, were tested at the signal box there in preparation for their approval and use in electronic interlocking in Germany. Over a length of about 12 km between the stations of Hockenheim and Graben-Neudorf (Molzau junction), the functions of the new technology were first tested in parallel with the existing technology although the new technology was not given responsibility for safety. A temporary relay interlocking (class *Sp Dr S600*) was built in Hockenheim station with a minimum of equipment (one block section with a length of 12 km) for operations and safety testing of the electronic interlocking for at least one year. After a positive outcome of the test of operations, the “second stage” of the Hockenheim electronic interlocking was installed and the storage area on the north half of the new line (50 km) was developed.

The signal box took control of the line between the stations of Hockenheim and Neulußheim and the new line between Mannheim and Bauersbach (almost 60 km of the new line) in 1986.

## InfoBox

| Hockenheim | |
| --- | --- |
| Through station | |
| Forecourt and station building | |
| General information | |
| Location | Hockenheim, Baden-Württemberg<br>Germany |
| Coordinates | 49°19′03″N 8°32′14″E / 49.3174°N 8.5372°E / 49.3174; 8.5372 |
| Line(s) |  |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 2814 |
| DS100 code | RHK |
| IBNR | 8002883 |
| Category | 4 |
| Fare zone | VRN: 144 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
| History | |
| Opened | 1986 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  DB Regio Mitte Following station  Oftersheimtowards Frankfurt (Main) Hbf  RB 67  *Terminus*  Preceding station  Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn Following station  Neulußheimtowards Karlsruhe Hbf  S9  Oftersheimtowards Groß‑Rohrheim | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  HockenheimLocation in Baden-WürttembergHockenheimLocation in GermanyHockenheimLocation in Europe | |


title: Ray Strong (American football)

abstract: Raymond Strong is a former American football running back in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Atlanta Falcons. He played college football for the UNLV Rebels. He also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the BC Lions.

text:
# Ray Strong (American football)

**Raymond Strong** (born May 7, 1956) is a former American football running back in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Atlanta Falcons. He played college football for the UNLV Rebels. He also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the BC Lions.

## InfoBox

Ray Strong
| No. 25 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1956-05-07) May 7, 1956<br>Berkeley, California, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) |
| Weight: | 184 lb (83 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | St. Mary's College |
| College: | UNLV |
| NFL draft: | 1978 / round: 10 / pick: 263 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 163  Rushing average: 3.6  Touchdowns: 3 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Izaak Bastian

abstract: Izaak Ziven Sayid Golding Bastian is a Bahamian swimmer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. He competed at the collegiate level for Florida State University. At the 2022 Commonwealth Games, held in July and August in Birmingham, England, Bastian served as a flag bearer for the Bahamas at the Opening Ceremony. Two days later, as part of swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, he placed 23rd in the 100 metre breaststroke with a time of 1:04.07. On 1 August, he swam a time of 28.74 seconds in the preliminaries of the 50 metre breaststroke and placed 20th overall. Upon graduating from Florida State University in 2022, Izaak was enrolled in the Doctorate of Physical Therapy program at Florida Gulf Coast University. He is on track to graduate with his doctorate in 2025 and has a professional interest in completing an Orthopedic residency the year following.

text:
# Izaak Bastian

**Izaak Ziven Sayid Golding Bastian** (born 3 January 2001) is a Bahamian swimmer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.

He competed at the collegiate level for Florida State University.

At the 2022 Commonwealth Games, held in July and August in Birmingham, England, Bastian served as a flag bearer for the Bahamas at the Opening Ceremony. Two days later, as part of swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, he placed 23rd in the 100 metre breaststroke with a time of 1:04.07. On 1 August, he swam a time of 28.74 seconds in the preliminaries of the 50 metre breaststroke and placed 20th overall.

Upon graduating from Florida State University in 2022, Izaak was enrolled in the Doctorate of Physical Therapy program at Florida Gulf Coast University. He is on track to graduate with his doctorate in 2025 and has a professional interest in completing an Orthopedic residency the year following.

## InfoBox

Izaak Bastian
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Izaak Ziven Sayid Golding Bastian |
| National team | Bahamas |
| Born | (2001-01-03) 3 January 2001 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| College team | Florida State University |
|  | |
| Medal record      Men's swimming  Representing  Bahamas  Commonwealth Youth Games  2017 Nassau 50 m breaststroke  2017 Nassau 100 m breaststroke | |


title: Thunder Rail

abstract: Thunder Rail is a short line railway located in the North East region of Saskatchewan, with its headquarters located in the community of Arborfield. The line came into being when Carlton Trail Railway decided to abandon the line due to its isolated proximity from their headquarters in Prince Albert. CTRW worked with the community of Arborfield to ensure the line would not be removed, but instead could be owned and operated by the residents of Arborfield. In March 2005 Thunder Rail came into existence, utilizing former Providence and Worcester Railroad M-420R(W) locomotive #2004. The track is predominantly used for hauling grain products like wheat, oats, barley, alfalfa pellets and more recently canola products. Customers include CanPro Ingredients Ltd., Arborfield Grain Producers and any farmer that wishes to load producer cars on the line. Thunder Rail also provides railcar storage on many seldom used spurs.

text:
# Thunder Rail

| Thunder Rail |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

**Thunder Rail** is a short line railway located in the North East region of Saskatchewan, with its headquarters located in the community of Arborfield. The line came into being when Carlton Trail Railway decided to abandon the line due to its isolated proximity from their headquarters in Prince Albert. CTRW worked with the community of Arborfield to ensure the line would not be removed, but instead could be owned and operated by the residents of Arborfield. In March 2005 Thunder Rail came into existence, utilizing former Providence and Worcester Railroad M-420R(W) locomotive #2004.

The track is predominantly used for hauling grain products like wheat, oats, barley, alfalfa pellets and more recently canola products. Customers include CanPro Ingredients Ltd., Arborfield Grain Producers and any farmer that wishes to load producer cars on the line. Thunder Rail also provides railcar storage on many seldom used spurs.

## InfoBox

Thunder Rail
| M-420R #2004 of Thunder Rail at Arborfield, Thunder Rail HQ | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Headquarters | Arborfield, Saskatchewan |
| Reporting mark | THR |
| Locale | Northern Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Dates of operation | 2005 (2005)Present |
| Predecessor | Carlton Trail Railway |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
| Length | 19.5 miles (31.4 km) |
| Other | |
| Website | www.arborfieldsk.ca/thunder\_rail.htm |


abstract: Western Front: The Liberation of Europe 1944–1945 is a 1991 computer wargame developed and published by Strategic Simulations, Inc. It was designed by Gary Grigsby.

text:
# Western Front: The Liberation of Europe 1944–1945

***Western Front: The Liberation of Europe 1944–1945*** is a 1991 computer wargame developed and published by Strategic Simulations, Inc. It was designed by Gary Grigsby.

## Gameplay

*Western Front* is a computer wargame that simulates the Western Front of World War II. Its scope covers the conflict starting from the lead-up to the Normandy landings, and concludes with the fall of Germany to the Allies.

## Development

*Western Front* was designed by Gary Grigsby as a follow-up to his 1990 wargame *Second Front: Germany Turns East*, which had covered the Eastern Front. He reused the earlier title's game engine, with upgrades such as mouse support. Published by Strategic Simulations, the game was released in 1991.

## Reception

In a positive review, *Computer Gaming World*'s Alan Emrich wrote, "Because Mr. Grigsby often sets the standards for computer wargames, one seldom sees his games in terms of revolutionary design breakthroughs, but rather as evolutionary advances in computer wargaming's 'state of the art.' *Western Front* is another such advance." William R. Trotter of *Game Players PC Entertainment* also enjoyed the game, calling it "a must-have program" for enthusiasts of the Western Front of World War II. However, he considered it slightly inferior to its predecessor *Second Front*. Writing for *Computer Games Strategy Plus*, Brian Walker called *Western Front* "a potentially great game" hampered by cost-cutting measures, particularly with regard to its documentation.

## InfoBox

| Western Front: The Liberation of Europe 1944–1945 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Strategic Simulations |
| Publisher(s) | Strategic Simulations |
| Designer(s) | Gary Grigsby |
| Platform(s) | DOS |
| Release | 1991 |
| Genre(s) | Computer wargame |


title: Watoosh!

abstract: Watoosh! is the only studio album released by Canadian rock band Pezz, released in 1999 before they changed their name to Billy Talent. The album was re-released in 2005 through Atlantic Records. The album was remastered by guitarist Ian D'Sa and re-released on May 31, 2024.

text:
# Watoosh!

***Watoosh!*** is the only studio album released by Canadian rock band Pezz, released in 1999 before they changed their name to Billy Talent. The album was re-released in 2005 through Atlantic Records. The album was remastered by guitarist Ian D'Sa and re-released on May 31, 2024.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Pezz except where noted

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "M & M" | 4:15 |
| 2. | "Fairytale" | 4:21 |
| 3. | "Nita" | 4:51 |
| 4. | "Mother's Native Instrument" | 4:55 |
| 5. | "Bird in the Basement" | 3:44 |
| 6. | "Recap" | 3:40 |
| 7. | "When I Was a Little Girl" | 2:04 |
| 8. | "Warmth of Windows" | 3:03 |
| 9. | "Square Root of Me" | 3:57 |
| 10. | "Absorbed" | 5:22 |
| 11. | "Silence" | 0:07 |
| 12. | "Silence" | 0:08 |
| 13. | "Silence" | 0:33 |
| 14. | "Silence" | 0:14 |
| 15. | "Silence" | 0:12 |
| 16. | "Silence" | 0:14 |
| 17. | "New Orleans Is Sinking" (The Tragically Hip cover) | 1:14 |

* Track 13 is an instrumental, while tracks 11, 12 and 14–16 are blank.
* The track "M & M" is about a group of gothic kids that used to come into the HMV where Benjamin Kowalewicz worked.

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Watoosh! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pezz | |
| Released | July 23, 1999 |
| Recorded | 1999 in Mississauga, Ontario |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 42:54 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Brad "Merlin" Nelson |
| Pezz chronology | |
| *Dudebox*
(1995) ***Watoosh!***
(1999) *Try Honesty EP*
(2001) | |


title: Jack Adler

abstract: Jack Adler was an artist who worked as a cover artist and colorist for DC Comics. He was a staff member of DC's production department from 1946 to 1981, rising steadily up the ranks to production manager and vice president of production.

text:
# Jack Adler

**Jack Adler** (July 1, 1917 – September 18, 2011) was an artist who worked as a cover artist and colorist for DC Comics. He was a staff member of DC's production department from 1946 to 1981, rising steadily up the ranks to production manager and vice president of production.

## Early life

Adler attended the High School of Art and Design, and graduated from Brooklyn College.

## Career

Adler's first comics job was for *Funny Folks* #2 (DC Comics, Jun./July 1946). He received the industry's Shazam Award for Best Colorist in 1971. Adler's cover art was often featured on Silver Age issues of *Sea Devils*, *G.I. Combat*, and *Green Lantern*.

After going to work for DC Comics in 1946, he took on a staff position doing production and coloring for the entire DC line in 1947. He held this position until 1960, when he became DC's assistant production manager for the next fifteen years. In 1972 Adler was the visual inspiration for the Swamp Thing villain Ferrett, drawn by Bernie Wrightson in the first issue of the hit series. From 1975 until his retirement in 1981, Adler was DC's production manager and vice president of production.

## Family

Adler was the cousin of radio host Howard Stern.

## InfoBox

| Jack Adler | |
| --- | --- |
| Jack Adler by Michael Netzer | |
| Born | July 1, 1917
Manhattan, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 18, 2011(2011-09-18) (aged 94)
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Area(s) | Penciller, Colourist |
| Notable works | *Sea Devils* |
| Awards | Shazam Award, 1971
Inkpot Award, 2004 |


title: Usutuaije Maamberua

abstract: Usutuaije Maamberua is a Namibian politician. He was the president of the South West Africa National Union (SWANU) from 2007 until 2017. Maamberua has served in the National Assembly of Namibia since 2010.

text:
# Usutuaije Maamberua

**Usutuaije Maamberua** (born 5 August 1957) is a Namibian politician. He was the president of the South West Africa National Union (SWANU) from 2007 until 2017. Maamberua has served in the National Assembly of Namibia since 2010.

## Early life and education

Born in 1957 in Tsumeb, Maamberua earned three Master of Arts degrees (from the University of Namibia, Heriot-Watt University and the University of Southampton) and one Ph.D. (University of the Witwatersrand) in business and economics related fields.

## Politics

An accountant by training, Maamberua worked as the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Finance from 1997. In 2003, he was demoted to the Ministry of Prisons and Correctional Services. Shortly after receiving the demotion, Maamberua resigned to pursue other career opportunities. He became head of the accounting department at the University of Namibia in 2007.

Maamberua was elected to the National Assembly in the November 2009 general election. Meanwhile, as SWANU's presidential candidate, Maamberua received 2,968 votes, which placed him eighth out of twelve candidates. He was re-elected to the National Assembly in the November 2014 parliamentary election; he was again the only SWANU candidate to win a seat.


title: Junior Strous

abstract: Junior Strous is a Dutch racing driver, racing team owner, and entrepreneur from Wassenaar. He has competed at various levels and classes of formula racing starting his professional career in Formula Ford at Geva Racing in 2002, advancing into Formula BMW, Formula Renault, Champcar Atlantic and Indycar Lights.

text:
# Junior Strous

**Junior Strous** (born 28 April 1986 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch racing driver, racing team owner, and entrepreneur from Wassenaar. He has competed at various levels and classes of formula racing starting his professional career in Formula Ford at Geva Racing in 2002, advancing into Formula BMW, Formula Renault, Champcar Atlantic and Indycar Lights.

## Early life

Junior Strous was born in the Netherlands in 1986. He is the son of athlete and racecar driver Ton Strous. In 1992, Strous' father and mother, a part-time yoga instructor and businesswoman, started a carwash and detailing business. During a family trip to Tenerife, Spain when Strous was 10 years old, he became interested in racing after his first lap around a track in a go-cart. Since then, Strous had a career during his childhood in karting until he became a professional driver and began testing in Benelux Formula Ford.

## Career

### Racing career

After testing in Benelux Formula Ford in 2000 and 2001, Strous went on to become the youngest Formula Ford driver to win an international race (Spa-Francorchamps circuit in Belgium) with a B-class car in 2002. Later in 2002, Strous moved up to Formula BMW ADAC.

In 2003, he won the Benelux BMW 325i Cup and Dutch Drifting Cup and competed in competed in several Formula Renault series in the United States and Europe and finished second in the Benelux championship.

Strous was the Benelux Formula Renault champion in 2004, and later that year, the series' champion of Formula Renault Winter Invitational Championship in Florida. That same year, Strous finished third in the Autovisie Drifting Championship and became a test driver for Toyo Tires.

During the 2005 season, Strous drove in four different Formula Renault series in 2005, finishing 7th in the Eurocup championship (not driving all races), second in the Dutch championship (not driving all races), and he won the UK Winter Series. He also won several races in the 2005-06 Winter Endurance Championship.

In 2006, Strous ventured into touring cars full-time, winning the BMW Compact Cup Benelux and finishing second in the Dacia Logan Cup Netherlands. He competed some races with Jenzer Motorsport in the European Formula Renault Championship and Italian Formula Renault Championship.

In 2007, he competed part-time in the Champ Car Atlantic Championship and finished 14th in points (not driving all races because of a broken wrist).

In 2008, Strous participated full-time in the Atlantic Championship where he tied for fourth place in points at the end of the championship, finished in fifth place, and he won at Circuit Mont-Tremblant for Condor Motorsports.

For 2009, he competed full-time in the Firestone Indy Lights Series with his own team, Winners Circle Group. He won the first two races of the season at Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and led the championship through four rounds. Also in 2009, Strous also won first place at the first race of the Tango Dutch GT4 Championship in Zandvoort. He then came in third in the second round and finished sixth in the third round racing in an Aston Martin V8 Vantage GT4. After the Freedom 100, sponsorship was cut off to Winners Circle group's technical team partner, despite the strong results.

Strous signed on to return to Indy Lights in 2010 with Team Moore Racing. However, less than a month after signing, the team indicated that he had been released from his contract. Instead, Strous joined the HVM Racing team for the 2010 Indy Lights season.

At the SuperSports Class races in 2011 Strous came in 4th place in the first race, and won the second race.

Strous competed in the inaugural Benelux Radical Championship in 2011 coming in first place, winning in the Radical SR3 RS car.

### Crashes and injuries

During the Assen Circuit held in the Netherlands in 2003, Strous crashed after his teammate, Giedo van der Garde accelerated too early on a turn and spun out, hitting Strous' car.

In 2005, Strous was driving for the Osschersleben Circuit in Germany at the Formula Renault 2.0 when his new car crashed and flipped. During a qualifying drive at the Long Beach Circuit for the Champcar Atlantics Series in 2007, Strous crashed, breaking his wrist in the process.

## Other activities

Junior Strous is also a drifting specialist, and he founded Winners Circle Group Racing division in 2009. Strous has also participated as a TV commentator for Dutch national racing channel, RaceWorld TV. Strous has also provided commentary for DTM, ChampCar and IndyCar races, and he was sponsored by SLAM!FM, a Dutch radio station, in 2011.

### Criminal justice

Strous' family business, a Shell gas station in Wassenaar, was broken into in 2008 and Junior Strous witnessed the crime and pursued the three criminals in a high-speed chase until they spun out of control and drove off the road. The authorities found and arrested one of the individuals and also cited Strous for speeding, but the charges against Strous were later dropped due to the Dutch law (Article 53 of the Code of Criminal Citizens) that allows citizens to pursue criminals when caught in the act.

In 2010, while traveling internationally, Strous noticed security flaws at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol that would allow travelers to bring in unchecked luggage. Strous reported the discovery to the authorities for further review.

In 2011, Strous assisted a stranger when he extinguished a fire in a car stopped on the road in Wassenaar. He filmed the incident on his phone and posted the video, but it was later removed after the fire department requested it be taken down.

## Personal life

Strous spends his spare time traveling and is an art dealer for artist Michiel Molenaar. As of 2014, Strous resides in Lyss, Switzerland.

## Racing results

### American open–wheel results

(key)

#### Atlantic Championship

| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | Condor Motorsports | LVG
6 | LBH
13 | HOU
DNS | POR1
9 | POR2
8 | CLE
13 | MTT
23 | TOR
13 | EDM1
DNS | EDM2
DNS | SJO
5 | ROA
23 | 14th | 92 |
| 2008 | Newman Wachs Racing | LBH
8 | LS
3 | ***MTT***
1 | EDM1
13 | EDM2
9 | ROA1
8 | ROA2
11 | TRR
3 | NJ
5 | UTA
8 | ATL
8 |  | 5th | 196 |

#### Indy Lights

| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Winners Circle Group | STP
1 | STP
1 | LBH
23 | KAN
11 | INDY
10 | MIL | IOW | WGL | TOR | EDM | KTY | MDO | SNM | CHI | HMS | **20th** | **146** |
| 2010 | HVM Racing | STP
10 | ALA
8 | LBH
18 | INDY | IOW | WGL | TOR | EDM | MDO | SNM | CHI | KTY | HMS |  |  | **19th** | **56** |

## InfoBox

| Junior Strous | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Netherlands |
| Born | Ton Strous Jr.
(1986-04-28) 28 April 1986
Vlaardingen |
| Debut season | 2002 |
| Benelux Radical Cup | |
| Years active | 2011 |
| Teams | Winners Circle Group |
| Starts | 11 |
| Wins | 9 |
| Poles | 7 |
| Fastest laps | 3 |
| Best finish | 1 in 2011 |
| Previous series | |
| 2007-08
2007
2006-07
2003, 2006
2006
2003-06
2003-2005
2005
2005
2003-2004
2002-2003
2002
2002 | Firestone Indy Lights Series
Atlantic Championship
BRL V6
Dacia Logan Cup Netherlands
BMW Compact Cup Benelux
Formula Renault 2.0 Italia
Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
FR2.0 Netherlands
FR2.0 UK Winter Series
FR2.0 Nordic Series
Fran Am Winter World
Formula BMW ADAC
Formula Ford 1800 Benelux
FF Zetec Netherlands |
| Championship titles | |
| BMW Compact Cup Benelux
FR2.0 Netherlands
FR2.0 USA Winter Invitational
FR2.0 UK Winter Series | |
| Awards | |
| 2008 | Gilles Villeneuve Award |


title: Nileshwar railway station

abstract: Nileshwar railway station is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a major railway station serving the town of Nileshwar in the Kasaragod District of Kerala. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways. The station has two platforms and six tracks. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Chennai, Kollam, Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Mangalore, New Delhi, Nagercoil, Bangalore and so forth.

text:
# Nileshwar railway station

**Nileshwar railway station** (station code: NLE) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a major railway station serving the town of Nileshwar in the Kasaragod District of Kerala. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways. The station has two platforms and six tracks. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Chennai, Kollam, Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Mangalore, New Delhi, Nagercoil, Bangalore and so forth.

## InfoBox

| Nileshwar | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Railway Station Road, Nileshwar, Kasaragod, Kerala<br>India |
| Coordinates | 12°15′22″N 75°08′09″E / 12.256158°N 75.135748°E / 12.256158; 75.135748 |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Connections | Bus stand, Taxicab stand, Auto rickshaw stand |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on-ground station) |
| Parking | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | NLE |
| Zone(s) | Southern Railway |
| Division(s) | Palakkad |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  NileshwarLocation within IndiaNileshwarNileshwar (Kerala) | |


title: Raphael De Niro

abstract: Raphael De Niro is an American real estate broker and former actor. He often works with celebrity clients, including Jon Bon Jovi, Renée Zellweger, Travis Kalanick and Kelly Ripa. De Niro is the son of actor Robert De Niro and actress Diahnne Abbott. He has also appeared in several films: Love Streams (1984); West 4th (2007); James Abbott is Gone (2013); Raging Bull (1980); and Awakenings (1990). De Niro is a broker for Douglas Elliman, and was ranked first in The Real Deal's Manhattan top residential agents in 2017.

text:
# Raphael De Niro

**Raphael De Niro** (born November 9, 1976) is an American real estate broker and former actor. He often works with celebrity clients, including Jon Bon Jovi, Renée Zellweger, Travis Kalanick and Kelly Ripa. De Niro is the son of actor Robert De Niro and actress Diahnne Abbott. He has also appeared in several films: *Love Streams* (1984); *West 4th* (2007); *James Abbott is Gone* (2013); *Raging Bull* (1980); and *Awakenings* (1990). De Niro is a broker for Douglas Elliman, and was ranked first in *The Real Deal*'s Manhattan top residential agents in 2017.

## Early life and education

De Niro was born on November 9, 1976, in Los Angeles, but grew up in New York City. He worked at various summer jobs growing up, including in a Persian rug store, as a doorman, a production assistant on movie sets for his father, and as a busboy at his father’s restaurant, Nobu. He attended New York University but did not graduate.

## Career

### Acting

He appeared in films which also starred his father, including *Awakenings* and *Raging Bull*. He produced *James Abbott is Gone* (2013), the documentary *West 4th* (2007), and appeared in *Love Streams* (1984).

### Real estate

Partly because De Niro's grandmother Virginia Admiral invested in real estate, participating in some of SoHo's first warehouse-to-residential conversions in the 1960s and 1970s, and later his father's involvement, he decided in 2003 to get a real estate broker's license. During his first six years in real estate, De Niro sold a total of $600 million in properties, becoming one of the top ten sellers each year at Douglas Elliman. He is the head of the "De Niro Team" at the firm, which is ranked as a top-producing sales team in New York City and in the U.S. He is a partner with his father Robert De Niro in a five-star boutique hotel in Tribeca, the Greenwich Hotel, launched in 2008. In 2015, De Niro made headlines, along with fellow Elliman broker Sabrina Saltiel, for holding the listing for New York City's most expensive listing at the time; a trio of townhouses on East 42nd Street, listed as a package for $120 million.

De Niro is a member of the board of directors of the Tribeca Film Institute.

## Personal life

De Niro married Claudine DeMatos in March 2008. They separated in 2015 and their divorce was finalized in January 2020. They have three children together. De Niro married fashion stylist Hannah Carnes in March 2020.

## InfoBox

| Raphael De Niro | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1976-11-09) November 9, 1976
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Real estate broker |
| Years active | 1980–2013 (actor)
2003–present (real estate broker) |
| Spouses | *   Claudine DeMatos  (m. 2008; div. 2020) *   Hannah Carnes
(m. 2020) |
| Children | 3 |
| Parents |  |
| Relatives | Drena De Niro (half sister)
Virginia Admiral (grandmother)
Robert De Niro Sr. (grandfather) |


title: Izaak Kolthoff

abstract: Izaak Maurits (Piet) Kolthoff was an analytical chemist and chemistry educator. He is widely considered the father of analytical chemistry for his large volume of published research in diverse fields of analysis, his work to modernize and promote the field, and for advising a large number of students who went on to influential careers of their own. Kolthoff's best-known research contribution was the development of the "cold process" for producing synthetic rubber, which he undertook under the U.S. synthetic rubber program during World War II. He was also active in social causes, including promoting world peace and opposing nuclear weapons testing. Kolthoff received a PhD in chemistry from the University of Utrecht in his native Netherlands. In 1927, he immigrated to the United States, joining the faculty at the University of Minnesota, where he worked for more than 60 years.

text:
# Izaak Kolthoff

**Izaak Maurits (Piet) Kolthoff** (February 11, 1894 – March 4, 1993) was an analytical chemist and chemistry educator. He is widely considered the father of analytical chemistry for his large volume of published research in diverse fields of analysis, his work to modernize and promote the field, and for advising a large number of students who went on to influential careers of their own.

Kolthoff's best-known research contribution was the development of the "cold process" for producing synthetic rubber, which he undertook under the U.S. synthetic rubber program during World War II. He was also active in social causes, including promoting world peace and opposing nuclear weapons testing.

Kolthoff received a PhD in chemistry from the University of Utrecht in his native Netherlands. In 1927, he immigrated to the United States, joining the faculty at the University of Minnesota, where he worked for more than 60 years.

## Early life and education

Kolthoff was born in Almelo, Netherlands, on February 11, 1894, the son of Moses and Rosetta (Wysenbeek) Kolthoff. He was the youngest of three children. At an early age, Kolthoff received the nickname "Piet" for unknown reasons; he continued to be called by this nickname throughout his life.

Kolthoff's introduction to chemistry in high school inspired a keen interest in the subject. He graduated from high school in 1911 and enrolled at the University of Utrecht in Utrecht, Netherlands. Kolthoff wanted to study chemistry, but at that time students in the physical sciences were required to have studied either Latin or Greek languages; Kolthoff, who was already fluent in Dutch, German French, and English, choose to study pharmacy in order to avoid this requirement.

The pharmacy program at Utrecht provided a strong foundation in analytical chemistry. There Kolthoff met Nicholas Schoorl, a professor of pharmacy who became his academic adviser. Schoorl's instruction in analytical chemistry provided an emphasis on fundamental chemical principles, which was unusual at the time. He introduced Kolthoff to research in the areas of electro-analytical chemistry and co-precipitation. He also advised Kolthoff to approach analytical chemistry from a scientific perspective as opposed to an empirical one. Kolthoff would adopt and later promote Schoorl's adage towards research, "Theory guides, experiment decides."

Kolthoff published his first paper in 1915 on pH, a concept that had been introduced by S. P. L. Sørensen in 1909. Also in 1915, Kolthoff obtained an "*apotheker*" degree in pharmacy. He continued his education at Utrecht with advanced courses in physical and colloid chemistry. When the classical language requirement for physical sciences was lifted in 1918, Kolthoff received a PhD in chemistry from the University of Utrecht. By the time he received his doctoral degree, Kolthoff had already published 32 papers in several fields.

## Career

Kolthoff remained at the University of Utrecht as a lecturer in electrochemistry and a researcher until 1927. During this time he authored or coauthored 270 papers and three books and promoted the concept of pH, which was not well understood at the time. He also conducted a lecture tour of the United States and Canada in 1924. These activities earned him an international reputation.

In 1927 he was offered a one-year appointment at the University of Minnesota. He accepted the position and continued his research and writing, producing English translations and expansions of much of his previous work. The position became permanent, and soon he became professor and chief of the analytical division of the University's school of chemistry.

During World War II, Kolthoff worked on a U.S. government-backed research program to develop a synthetic method for producing rubber, and he served as chairman of the Committee on Analytical Research Methods and supervisor of three research projects related to the project. His research in emulsion polymerization and development of a low-temperature "cold process" for producing synthetic rubber were among his most well-known research contributions.

Kolthoff retired in 1962, at which time he had authored 809 research papers. After his retirement, he continued working and published an additional 136 papers, bringing his career total to 945.

### Research

Kolthoff worked in several diverse areas of chemistry. They included acid-base titrimetry, electrometric analysis and conductometry, potentiometry, electron transfer, gravimetric analysis and precipitation reactions, polarographic analysis (voltammetry), amperometric titrations, and emulsion polymerization, among others. His reputation for combining fundamental theory and practical application in his work were characteristic throughout his career. Kolthoff's scientific approach to analysis is widely accepted today, but was rare in the early 1900s when his career began.

### Teaching

Kolthoff advised 51 doctoral students in chemistry at the University of Minnesota, including Johannes F. Coetzee, Herbert A. Laitinen, James J. Lingane and Ernest B. Sandell, and several other masters and bachelors students. In 1993 it was estimated that more than 1,500 PhD chemists, including Allen J. Bard, could trace their academic lineage to Kolthoff.

### Professional contributions

Kolthoff was a proponent for establishing analytical chemistry as a modern scientific discipline and elevating its reputation among chemists generally. Kolthoff was involved in the founding of the American Chemical Society (ACS) Division of Analytical Chemistry in 1938 and the establishment of the Analytical Chemistry Division of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1951.

Kolthoff served on the editorial board of the ACS journal Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition from 1935 until 1942 and ACS's Analytical Chemistry when it was introduced in 1948.

### Selected list of publications

Kolthoff authored nearly 1,000 scientific papers, nine books, and several other publications over the course of his career.

* *Der Gebrauch von Farbenindikatoren* (1922): Kolthoff's first published monograph. This book went through several German editions and was translated into English in 1926. It was later titled "Acid-Base Indicators" after being expanded in 1937 with C. Rosenblum as coauthor.
* *Konduktometrische Titrationen* (1924) and **Potentiometric Titrations** (1926):Kolthoff began to use conductometry and poteniometry in 1918 and 1920, respectively, which led to these two monograms. Potentiometric Titrations was especially influential, not only in analytical chemistry, but in other fields as well.
* *Massanalyse* (two volumes in 1927 and 1928): A continuation of his fundamental studies of classical methods, it was translated and coauthored by N. H. Furman in 1928 under the title "Volumetric Analysis." It also appeared much later (1942–1958) in an expanded three-volume edition coauthored by V.A. Stenger, G. Matsuyama, and R. Belcher.
* *The Colorimetric and Potentiometric Determination of pH* (1931): This was Kolthoff's first book that was meant to be used as text for instruction. It was expanded with H. A. Laitinen in 1941 and released under the title "pH and Electrotitrations."
* *Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis* (1936): Co-authored by E. B. Sandell, this book presented fundamentals and experimental features of analysis, and was among Kolthoff's most influential textbooks. In 1969 it appeared under the new title "Quantitative Chemical Analysis," with contributions from Sandell, E. J. Meehan, and S. Bruckenstein as coauthors.
* *Polarography* (1941): Co-authored with James J. Lingane, this introduction to voltammetry was expanded in 1952 into two volumes.
* *Emulsion Polymerization* (1955): This book related to Kolthoff's work in synthetic rubber and his development of cold rubber. It was coauthored with F.A. Bovey, A.I. Medalia, and E.J. Meehan.
* *Treatise on Analytical Chemistry* (first edition 1959): Co-published with Philip J. Elving, this is Kolthoff's largest and most notable work. The volume is in three parts: "Theory and Practice" (11 volumes, published between 1959 and 1976), "Analytical Chemistry of Inorganic and Organic Compounds" (16 volumes, published between 1961 and 1980), and "Analytical Chemistry in Industry" (four volumes, completed in 1977)

## Personal life and activism

During World War II, Kolthoff worked with the Rockefeller Foundation to relocate European scientists who were persecuted by Nazis to universities in the U.S. Following World War II, he traveled to the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia to build cooperation with scientists there.

Kolthoff corresponded with science and political leaders including Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Linus Pauling and Hubert Humphrey on issues of global importance that included promoting peace and opposing nuclear weapons testing. His correspondence with Frédéric Joliot-Curie about a communist-dominated nuclear weapons conference and his opposition to Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist activities caught the attention of the House Un-American Activities Committee. He was accused of belonging to several subversive organizations, but no actions were taken against him.

Kolthoff never married and lived most of his life a short distance from the chemistry building. After retiring, he continued working with his lab assistant Miron Chantooni. Kolthoff died of kidney failure on 4 March 1993 at Bethesda Lutheran Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in St. Paul.

## Awards and honors

Kolthoff was the recipient of many awards, honorary degrees, and other honors throughout his career, some of which are listed below.

### Awards and medals

### Honorary degrees

### Other honors

Kolthoff was named a Commander in the Order of Orange-Nassau, a civil and military honor provided by the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in 1947. In 1958, Kolthoff was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an honorary member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and an honorary member of eight foreign chemical societies.

The Regents of the University of Minnesota named the university's 1972 chemistry building Kolthoff Hall in his honor. The university's Department of Chemistry began the annual Kolthoff Lectureship in 1979.

On his eightieth birthday, the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society sponsored the I.M. Kolthoff 80th Anniversary Symposium. The Division offers the I. M. Kolthoff Enrichment Awards for Undergraduate Students.

Kolthoff was inducted into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame in 1985 and the Minnesota Science and Technology Hall of Fame in 2012. In 2014, the American Chemical Society named Kolthoff's contributions to modern analytical chemistry a National Historic Chemical Landmark.

## InfoBox

| Izaak Maurits Kolthoff | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-02-11)11 February 1894
Almelo, Netherlands |
| Died | 4 March 1993(1993-03-04) (aged 99)
St. Paul, Minnesota |
| Nationality | Dutch-born American |
| Other names | Piet Kolthoff |
| Alma mater | University of Utrecht |
| Known for |  |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Analytical Chemistry |
| Institutions |  |
| Doctoral advisor | Nicholas Schoorl |
|  | |


title: Thunder Ridge Ski Area

abstract: Thunder Ridge is a small ski area located in Patterson, NY. Because it is located just 75 minutes from New York City, the mountain attracts skiers and snowboarders from across the New York area. While it does not receive a lot of snowfall, Thunder Ridge does have snowmaking capabilities which can cover 95% of the mountain. Because it is open at night, Thunder Ridge is a haven for high school ski racing. The mountain hosts part of Hudson Valley League racing.

text:
# Thunder Ridge Ski Area

**Thunder Ridge** is a small ski area located in Patterson, NY. Because it is located just 75 minutes from New York City, the mountain attracts skiers and snowboarders from across the New York area. While it does not receive a lot of snowfall, Thunder Ridge does have snowmaking capabilities which can cover 95% of the mountain. Because it is open at night, Thunder Ridge is a haven for high school ski racing. The mountain hosts part of Hudson Valley League racing.

## History

Under previous ownership the mountain was known as Birch Hill (1957–1968), Big Birch (1968–1995), **Thunder Ridge Ski Area** (1995–present).

After coming under new ownership, many of the old trails were decommissioned and other trails given priority. Since 2018 around 95% of the mountain is covered with snowmaking equipment, up from 75% under the old ownership. Since 2015, equipment has gone through a major upgrade including the purchase of two new groomers, ten new snow fans, and snow guns.

## Trails

Thunder Ridge Ski area has 23 trails, nine of which are accessible from the Triple Chair, six from the double chair, four from both chairs, and five bunny trails. It has seven black diamonds, five blue squares, and nine green circles.

Accessible from Triple Chair
| **Name** | **Rating** |
| --- | --- |
| Lovers Lane |  |
| Fawn Meadow |  |
| Santa Fe | * |
| Evergreen |  |
| Sunset Run |  |
| Upper Competition |  |
| (Lower) Competition |  |
| Fools Delight |  |
| The Face |  |
| Blackberry Pass |  |

Accessible From Double Chair
| **Name** | **Rating** |
| --- | --- |
| Bull's Run * Deer Pasture * Don's Drop | *  * |
| Eagle's Lair |  |
| Wildcat |  |
| Timber Wolf |  |

Accessible from Both Chairs
| **Name** | **Rating** |
| --- | --- |
| Sissy Schuss (old Halfpipe) |  |
| The Road |  |
| Don's Drop |  |
| Lovers Lane (since 2019) |  |

Bunny Hills
| **Name** | **Rating** |
| --- | --- |
| Little Thunder |  |
| Fun Run |  |
| You Can Do It! |  |
| Movin Up |  |
| Little Thunder |  |
| Mini Thunder |  |

## Lifts

As of 2022, Thunder Ridge has three chairlifts (Two doubles and one triple) and four magic carpets. In 1958 a T-Bar opened at then Birch Hill- servicing the main part of today's ski area. Numerous Tows were also installed on the mountain. Sometime in the 1960s, a Borvig double chairlift was installed to the summit; it remains the area's longest and oldest lift. In about 1967, a short double chairlift was installed which today served Little Thunder. In 1986, a Borvig triple chairlift was installed to supersede and eventually replace the T-Bar lift, which it did. In the early 2000s, four Magic Carpet lifts were installed on Thunder Ridge to replace the Tows. Remnants of the tows can still be seen to this day.

During the mid-1960s the Mahopac High School ski team raced and trained at Birch Hill, as did the teams from Carmel and some other Putnam County and Northern Westchester county schools. The lodge was a simple place with a gravel floor.

Today the area maintains seven running lifts; four carpets (one open all the time (You can do it, "Toyland"), two open on the weekends, one used as a backup), a triple lift (main lift, "the triple"), a double lift (secondary lift, "the double"), and one small double lift (beginner lift, "Little Thunder"). Today there remain three neglected tows (one serving the halfpipe, and one serving the terrain park, and one which served the old terrain park). Both the triple and double were re-surfaced and gained more modern accessories and safety equipment in the late 2010s.

1. Ng, Matthew (2007-01-29). "Horace Mann debuts in Section 1 skiing competition". The Journal News.
2. "The crew is working on the Fawn Meadow Park, look for it to be open soon". *Thunder Ridge Ski Area — Instagram*. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
3. "Filling up before heading out last night. We have begun to push out the piles and will be making snow again very soon. We'll see you on the hill by the weekend". *Thunder Ridge Ski Area — Instagram*. 17 December 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
4. "These hard workers are getting some time off, come over and enjoy all the snow they have put out. Open Saturday 9am-9pm, and Sunday 9am-5pm". *Thunder Ridge Ski Area — Instagram*. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
5. "It's always nice to see the hill starting to get covered in snow! We need a few more weather windows to open, but we are getting closer". *Thunder Ridge Ski Area — Instagram*. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
6. No snowmaking equipment permanently placed on the trail.
7. In 2019 the Half-way station for the Double Lift was re-opened.
8. "#tbt 1958 the year the Hall T-Bar was installed!". *www.instagram.com*. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 2020-12-18.

41°30′26″N 73°34′52″W / 41.50722°N 73.58111°W / 41.50722; -73.58111

## InfoBox

| Thunder Ridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Thunder Ridge Trail Map | |
| Location | Patterson, New York |
| Status | Operating |
| Vertical | 403 ft. |
| Top elevation | 880 ft. |
| Skiable area | 90 acres (360,000 m2) |
| Trails | 21
48% easiest
19% more difficult
33% most difficult |
| Lift system | 3 chairlifts, 4 magic carpets |
| Terrain parks | Yes, 1 |
| Snowmaking | Yes, 90% coverage |
| Night skiing | Yes |
| Website | Website |


title: Western Forge

abstract: Western Forge was an American manufacturing company. The company manufactured hand tools that were sold under other brands, including private-label brands such as Craftsman and Husky. It was a subsidiary of Ideal Industries. The company was the largest American manufacturer of screwdrivers, though the company was relatively unknown because it sold no tools under its own name.

text:
# Western Forge

**Western Forge** was an American manufacturing company. The company manufactured hand tools that were sold under other brands, including private-label brands such as Craftsman and Husky. It was a subsidiary of Ideal Industries.

The company was the largest American manufacturer of screwdrivers, though the company was relatively unknown because it sold no tools under its own name.

## History

Western Forge was founded in Defiance, Ohio in 1965 as a joint venture between Sears and C. William Schlosser to make torque wrenches. In 1966, it relocated to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where it built a new manufacturing facility. In the next few years, the company began producing screwdrivers, punches, chisels, adjustable wrenches, and pliers. The company's slogan at one time was "Mile High Quality" (due to its proximity to Denver, Colorado, which is known as the Mile High City; many different companies in this part of Colorado incorporate the "Mile High" adjective in their name and/or advertising).

In 1976, Western Forge shipped its 100 millionth Craftsman screwdriver. In 2008, the company produced its billionth screwdriver overall.

In 1978, Western Forge applied for and received its USA trademark. They produced and test marketed a line of hand tools branded with their own name.

In 1981, the company was acquired by Emerson Electric.

In the late 1990s, Western Forge moved its screwdriver production to a plant in Murphy, North Carolina. In April 2006, it closed the Murphy plant and consolidated its operations in Colorado Springs, citing declining sales. The company received $200,000 in cash incentives from the City of Colorado Springs and the Colorado Springs Economic Development Corporation to stay in Colorado Springs. Sears Craftsman products (and others) that are produced by Western Forge are marked with a "WF" on them.

In 2007, the company was acquired by MW Universal. In 2010, it was acquired by Ideal Industries.

In April 2017, Ideal declined to renew its contract with Sears and stopped supplying it with tools. Sears filed a lawsuit against the company in June, contending that it was not honoring the terms of its supply agreement. Sears Craftsman tools that were previously produced by Western Forge in the US are now supplied by an Asian supplier.

In February 2020, Ideal announced that it would close the Western Forge manufacturing plant, laying off all 164 employees. Ideal had attempted to sell the facility but was unsuccessful. Ideal CEO Steve Henn said in a statement, "This was a long and carefully considered decision. Our Western Forge employees delivered high quality product and did everything we asked of them to help us maintain the business. We just couldn't survive the impact from the Craftsman move."

## InfoBox

Western Forge
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary of Ideal Industries |
| Industry | Manufacturing |
| Founded | 1965 in Defiance, Ohio |
| Founder | C. William Schlosser |
| Defunct | 2020 |
| Headquarters | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Products | Hand tools |
| Website | www.westernforge.com |


title: Watoto Children's Choir

abstract: The Watoto Children's Choir is a group of African children's choirs based in Kampala, Uganda, at Watoto Church. They tour internationally. Each choir is composed of about eighteen to twenty-two children from Uganda. Their tours raise money as well as awareness for the Watoto orphanages in Kampala. “Watoto” means "Children" in Swahili. The choir is made up of children who have lost one or both parents, often as a result of AIDS. Watoto operates six choirs, which tour Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. The choirs travel with a team of adult chaperones who look after the children and also manage the day-to-day logistics of the tour on the road. The choir has toured Asia, Australia, Brazil, Canada and China. Their ‘Concerts of Hope’ are a blend of African rhythms, contemporary gospel music, creative dance and story-telling. They have released several albums including “Mambo Number 5”, “Beautiful Africa” and “What Is Love”. Their latest album "Wherever You Will Go” features live music played throughout the concerts on most of the tours. The Watoto Children's Choirs have performed with award-winning artists including Chris Tomlin, Israel Houghton and Martin Smith. They have also been invited to the UK Houses of Parliament, the Canadian and Australian Parliaments as well as the White House.

text:
# Watoto Children's Choir

**The Watoto Children's Choir** is a group of African children's choirs based in Kampala, Uganda, at Watoto Church. They tour internationally. Each choir is composed of about eighteen to twenty-two children from Uganda. Their tours raise money as well as awareness for the Watoto orphanages in Kampala.

“Watoto” means "Children" in Swahili. The choir is made up of children who have lost one or both parents, often as a result of AIDS. Watoto operates six choirs, which tour Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. The choirs travel with a team of adult chaperones who look after the children and also manage the day-to-day logistics of the tour on the road. The choir has toured Asia, Australia, Brazil, Canada and China.

Their ‘Concerts of Hope’ are a blend of African rhythms, contemporary gospel music, creative dance and story-telling. They have released several albums including “Mambo Number 5”, “Beautiful Africa” and “What Is Love”. Their latest album "Wherever You Will Go” features live music played throughout the concerts on most of the tours.

The Watoto Children's Choirs have performed with award-winning artists including Chris Tomlin, Israel Houghton and Martin Smith. They have also been invited to the UK Houses of Parliament, the Canadian and Australian Parliaments as well as the White House.

## InfoBox

| Watoto Children's Choir | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Uganda |
| Instrument(s) | Drums, a cappella singing |
| Years active | 1994–present |
| Labels | Watoto Publishing |
|  | |
| Website | https://www.watoto.com/ watoto.com\] |


title: Palaeonictinae

abstract: Palaeonictinae is an extinct subfamily of placental mammals from extinct family Oxyaenidae, that lived from the late Paleocene to early Eocene of Europe and North America.

text:
# Palaeonictinae

**Palaeonictinae** ("ancient weasels") is an extinct subfamily of placental mammals from extinct family Oxyaenidae, that lived from the late Paleocene to early Eocene of Europe and North America.

## Classification and phylogeny

### Taxonomy

* Subfamily: †**Palaeonictinae** (Denison, 1938)
    + Genus: †*Ambloctonus* (Cope, 1875)
        - *Ambloctonus major* (Denison, 1938)
        - *Ambloctonus priscus* (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
        - *Ambloctonus sinosus* (Cope, 1875)
    + Genus: †*Dipsalodon* (paraphyletic genus) (Jepsen, 1930)
        - *Dipsalodon churchillorum* (Rose, 1981)
        - *Dipsalodon matthewi* (Jepsen, 1930)
    + Genus: †*Palaeonictis* (de Blainville, 1842)
        - *Palaeonictis gigantea* (de Blainville, 1842)
        - *Palaeonictis occidentalis* (Osborn, 1892)
        - *Palaeonictis peloria* (Rose, 1981)
        - *Palaeonictis wingi* (Chester, 2010)

## InfoBox

| Palaeonictinae
Temporal range: late Paleocene to early Eocene | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| skull of *Palaeonictis occidentalis* | |
|  | |
| parts of lower jaw of
*Ambloctonus sinosus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| *Clade*: | Pan-Carnivora |
| Order: | Oxyaenodonta |
| Family: | Oxyaenidae |
| Subfamily: | Palaeonictinae
Denison, 1938 |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Palaeonictis*
de Blainville, 1842 | |
| Genera | |
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| list of synonyms: * Ambloctinae (Solé, 2020) * Ambloctonidae (Cope, 1877) * Ambloctoninae (Cope, 1877) * Amblyctonidae (Cope, 1877) * Amphicreodi (Gregory & Hellman, 1939) * Palaeonictida (Haeckel, 1895) * Palaeonictidae (Osborn, 1892) | |


title: Intergalactic Empires

abstract: Intergalactic Empires is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh as the first volume in their Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction series. It was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in December 1983. The first British edition was issued in paperback by Robinson in July 1988. The book collects nine novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, together with an introduction by Asimov and three sectional introductions.

text:
# Intergalactic Empires

***Intergalactic Empires*** is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh as the first volume in their Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction series. It was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in December 1983. The first British edition was issued in paperback by Robinson in July 1988.

The book collects nine novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, together with an introduction by Asimov and three sectional introductions.

## Contents

## InfoBox

Intergalactic Empires
| Cover of first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Editors | Isaac Asimov
Martin H. Greenberg
Charles G. Waugh |
| Cover artist | Paul Alexander |
| Language | English |
| Series | Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Signet/New American Library |
| Publication date | 1983 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 303 |
| ISBN | 0-451-12624-6 |
| Preceded by | *none* |
| Followed by | *The Science Fictional Olympics* |


title: VP-90

abstract: VP-90 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve. The squadron was established on 1 November 1970 at NAS Glenview, Illinois, where it was based for the rest of its life. It was disestablished on 30 September 1994, after 25 years of service. The squadron's nickname was the Lions from 1974 onward. Elements of the squadron made 22 major overseas deployments.

text:
# VP-90

**VP-90** was a **Patrol Squadron** of the U.S. Navy Reserve. The squadron was established on 1 November 1970 at NAS Glenview, Illinois, where it was based for the rest of its life. It was disestablished on 30 September 1994, after 25 years of service. The squadron's nickname was the *Lions* from 1974 onward. Elements of the squadron made 22 major overseas deployments.

## Operational history

* 1 Nov 1970: VP-90 was established at NAS Glenview, as a Naval Air Reserve land-based patrol squadron flying 12 SP-2H *Neptune*s. The new squadron came under the operational and administrative control of Commander, Naval Air Reserve Forces, Atlantic, and Commander, Fleet Air Reserve Wings, Atlantic. VP-90 was established as a result of a major reorganization of the Naval Air Reserve that took place in mid-1970. Under the Reserve Force Squadron concept 12 land-based naval reserve patrol squadrons were formed and structured along the lines of regular Navy squadrons with nearly identical organization and manning levels. The 12/2/1 concept had 12 VP squadrons under two commands, COMFAIRESWINGLANT and COMFAIRESWINGPAC. These two commands came under the control of one central authority, Commander Naval Air Reserve.
* 1 July 1975: VP-90 was transferred from the administrative and operational control of Commander Reserve Patrol Wing Atlantic to Commander Reserve Patrol Wing Pacific, based at NAS Moffett Field, California.
* May 1981: While on a WestPac ADT deployment, VP-90 participated in the successful rescue of 55 Vietnamese boat people in the South China Sea. Crews involved received the Humanitarian Service Medal from the Secretary of the Navy for this service.
* 30 September 1994: VP-90 was disestablished at NAS Glenview, Illinois.

## Aircraft assignment

The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons*.*

## InfoBox

| Patrol Squadron 90 | |
| --- | --- |
| VP-90 patch | |
| Active | 1 November 1970-30 September 1994 |
| Country | United States of America |
| Branch | United States Navy Reserve |
| Type | squadron |
| Role | Maritime patrol |
| Nickname(s) | Lions |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Patrol | SP-2H Neptune<br>P-3A/B Orion |


title: Jumper (short story)

abstract: "Jumper" is a short story by Stephen King. Originally serialized in the self-published newspaper Dave's Rag in 1959–1960, it was later collected in the 2000 work Secret Windows. It was King's first piece of fiction to be published.

text:
# Jumper (short story)

"**Jumper**" is a short story by Stephen King. Originally serialized in the self-published newspaper *Dave's Rag*  in 1959–1960, it was later collected in the 2000 work *Secret Windows*. It was King's first piece of fiction to be published.

## Plot summary

The protagonist of "Jumper" is Jeff Davis, a police counselor. Davis is summoned to the Chrysler Building in New York City after Robert Steppes, a "serial jumper", threatens to jump from the 15th floor. The police accidentally knock Steppes from the ledge he is standing on when trying to catch him with a hook, but he is able to pull himself back onto the ledge. After talking to Steppes, Davis becomes convinced that "although theoretically, any man can take his own life, few men could really commit suicide, and Robert was not one of those men" and walks along the ledge to Steppes, who ultimately does not jump.

## Publication

King wrote "Jumper" at the age of 12. It was originally published in *Dave's Rag*, a weekly neighborhood newspaper self-published by King's older brother David King in Durham, Maine using a hectograph, as a three-part serial from December 1959 to early-1960. In 2000, it was collected in *Secret Windows*, unchanged other than spelling corrections.

## Reception

Rocky Wood describes "Jumper" as "clearly juvenilia" but with "some sentences that are stunning when one considers a 12-year-old boy wrote them", noting "sophisticated thinking is evident". Patrick McAleer describes "Jumper" as "flash fiction".

## InfoBox

| "Jumper" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by Stephen King | |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Short story |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *Dave's Rag* |
| Media type | Print |
| Publication date | 1959-1960 |
| Chronology | |
|
"Thirty-One of the Classics"
"Rush Call" | |


title: Nikon Z7II

abstract: The Nikon Z7II is a high-end full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera (MILC) produced by Nikon, and is the successor to the Nikon Z 7. The camera was officially announced on October 14, 2020, alongside the Nikon Z6II, and became available for purchase on November 5. It uses Nikon's Z-mount system.

text:
# Nikon Z7II

The **Nikon Z7II** is a high-end full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera (MILC) produced by Nikon, and is the successor to the Nikon Z 7. The camera was officially announced on October 14, 2020, alongside the Nikon Z6II, and became available for purchase on November 5. It uses Nikon's Z-mount system.

## Features

* The most notable upgrade over the Nikon Z7 is the inclusion of a second memory card slot. The Z7II features an SD card slot and a CFexpress/XQD card slot.
* The camera features dual Expeed 6 image processing engines, a first for Nikon cameras. This improves autofocus performance and enables 4K video recording at 60 fps.
* Low light sensitivity has been improved to -3 to +17 EV.
* The frame rate for photos is increased from 9 fps in extended high-speed continuous to 10 fps with a larger buffer as well (increased from 23 12-bit lossless RAW files to 77).
* The electronic viewfinder refresh rate and blackout time is improved from the original Z7.
* The autofocus system has improved with a new Wide-Area AF option with eye autofocus for both people and animals.
* Battery life has been increased from ~330 to ~360 CIPA-rated shots (or from 85 min to 105 min of video recording).
* In video recording, the camera can now record 4K "Ultra HD" footage at 60p with a 1.08x crop.

## InfoBox

Nikon Z7II
| Nikon Z 7II paired with the Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/2.8 S lens | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Maker | Nikon |
| Type | Full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera |
| Released | October 14, 2020 |
| Lens | |
| Lens mount | Nikon Z-mount |
| Sensor/medium | |
| Sensor type | Back-illuminated CMOS sensor |
| Sensor size | Full frame (35.9 x 23.9 mm) |
| Sensor maker | Sony |
| Maximum resolution | 8,256 x 5,504 (45.7 effective megapixels) |
| Film speed | Native range of ISO 64-25,600 (expandable to 32-102,400) |
| Recording medium | XQD card/CFexpress and SD card |
| Focusing | |
| Focus | Single-servo AF (AF-S)
Continuous-servo AF (AF-C)
Full-time AF (AF-F; only available in video mode)
Predictive focus tracking
Manual focus (electronic rangefinder can be used) |
| Focus modes | Pinpoint
Single-point
Dynamic-area AF
Wide-area AF (small)
Wide-area AF (large)
Wide-area AF (Large people)
Wide-area AF (Large animals)
Auto-area AF
Auto-area AF (people)
Auto-area AF (animals) |
| Focus areas | 493 points (single-point AF) with 90% coverage |
| Exposure/metering | |
| Exposure | TTL metering using camera image sensor |
| Exposure modes | Programmed Auto \[P\] with flexible program; Shutter-Priority Auto \[S\]; Aperture Priority Auto \[A\]; Manual \[M\] |
| Exposure metering | TTL metering using camera image sensor
Highlight-weighted metering: -4 to +17 EV (ISO 100, f/2.0 lens, 20 °C/68 °F) |
| Metering modes | Matrix metering
Center-weighted metering
Spot metering |
| Flash | |
| Flash | No built-in flash |
| Shutter | |
| Frame rate | Up to 10 fps in extended high-speed continuous |
| Shutter | Electronically controlled vertical-travel focal-plane mechanical shutter; electronic front-curtain shutter |
| Shutter speeds | 30s - 1/8000s |
| Viewfinder | |
| Viewfinder | Quad-VGA (1280x960) EVF (3690000 dots) |
| Image processing | |
| Image processor | Dual Expeed 6 |
| White balance | Auto (3 types)
Custom
Cloudy
Direct sunlight
Flash
Fluorescent (7 types)
Incandescent
Natural light auto
Preset manual (up to 6 values can be stored, all with fine-tuning)
Shade |
| General | |
| Video recording | 1080p video at up to 120 fps, and 4K video at up to 60 fps |
| LCD screen | 3.2-inch tilting TFT LCD with 2.1 million dots with touchscreen |
| Battery | EN-EL15c (backwards compatible with EN-EL15b batteries with slightly faster drain) |
| AV Port(s) | USB Type-C, HDMI Type-C |
| Data Port(s) | IEEE 802.11b/g/n/a/ac/Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy |
| Body features | In-Body Image Stabilization |
| Dimensions | 134×100.5×69.5 mm (5.28×3.96×2.74 in) |
| Weight | 615 g (body only) |
| Made in | Thailand |
| Chronology | |
| Replaced | Nikon Z7 |


title: Iftakar Chowdhury

abstract: Iftakar H Chowdhury, known as Iftakar Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi-American film actor, director and producer. He started his career as a director with Khoj: The Search. The film was released in 2010, and introduced new technologies in Dhallywood.

text:
# Iftakar Chowdhury

**Iftakar H Chowdhury**, known as **Iftakar Chowdhury** is a Bangladeshi-American film actor, director and producer. He started his career as a director with *Khoj: The Search*. The film was released in 2010, and introduced new technologies in Dhallywood.

## Early life and education

Iftakar Chowdhury was born to Bangladeshi parents but emigrated to the United States, settling in New York City. He completed his secondary education from La Guardia High School, later graduating from the College of Staten Island.

## Career

He started his career with *Khoj: The Search*, which did well at the box office. His second movie was *Dehorokkhi*, starring Anisur Rahman Milon, Kazi Maruf, and Bobby, which was released in 2013. It was a success at the box office.

His third film, *Agnee*, released on 14 February 2014, became an all-time blockbuster. He has finished *Bizli*, Bangladesh's first super hero film shot in Iceland, Thailand, India and Bangladesh.

## Filmography

### As director

|
|  |
| Year | Film | Cast | Language | Notes |
| 2010 | *Khoj: The Search* | Ananta Jalil, Barsha, Bobby | Bengali | Debut Film |
| 2013 | *Dehorokkhi* | Kazi Maruf, Bobby, Milon | Bengali |  |
| 2014 | *Agnee* | Arifin Shuvoo, Mahiya Mahi | Bengali |  |
| | *Rajotto* | Shakib Khan, Bobby | Bengali |  |
| 2015 | *Action Jasmine* | Bobby, Symon Sadik | Bengali |  |
| | *Agnee 2* | Mahiya Mahi, Om | Bengali |  |
| 2016 | *One Way* | Bobby, Bappy Chowdhury, Milon | Bengali |  |
| 2018 | *Bizli* | Bobby, Satabdi Roy, Raanveer | Bengali |  |
| 2019 | *Nolok* | Shakib Khan, Bobby | Bengali |  |
| 2021 | *Mukti* | Raj Ripa | Bengali | Post-Production |
| 2022 | *Driver Web Series* | Mosharraf Karim, Mahiya Mahi | Bengali | Bioscope App |
| | *Rokkha* | Sarfaraz Khan, Raj Ripa | Bengali | Pre Production |

### As actor

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Khoj: The Search* | Anti Hero | Bengali |  |
| 2013 | *Dehorokkhi* | Guest Appearance | Bengali |  |
| 2014 | *Agnee* | Anti Hero | Bengali |  |
| 2015 | One way | Side Villain | Bengali |  |
| 2015 | Action *Jasmine* | Director | Bengali |  |

## InfoBox

| Iftakar Chowdhury | |
| --- | --- |
| ইফতেখার চৌধুরী | |
| Alma mater | College of Staten Island |
| Occupation(s) | actor, director, and producer |


title: Ivan Novoseltsev

abstract: Ivan Petrovich Novoseltsev is a Russian former professional ice hockey winger. He is the uncle of Vladislav Namestnikov.

text:
# Ivan Novoseltsev

**Ivan Petrovich Novoseltsev** (born January 23, 1979) is a Russian former professional ice hockey winger. He is the uncle of Vladislav Namestnikov.

## Playing career

As a youth, Novoseltsev played in the 1993 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a team from Moscow.

Novoseltsev was drafted in the fourth round, 95th overall, by the Florida Panthers in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Drafted from the Russian Superleague's Krylya Sovetov Moscow, Novoseltsev made his North American debut with the Sarnia Sting of the Ontario Hockey League during the 1997–98 season. In the 1998–99 OHL season, he finished with 96 points to rank in the league's top ten in scoring.

Novoseltsev made his National Hockey League debut with the Panthers during the 1999–2000 season and spent parts of five seasons with the team. During the 2003–04 season he was traded to the Phoenix Coyotes, where he scored two goals in seventeen games. During the 2004-05 NHL lockout, Novoseltsev split time between HC Spartak Moscow and Lada Togliatti.

Novoseltsev played four games for the American Hockey League's Norfolk Admirals early in the 2006–07 season before returning to Russia again to play for Amur Khabarovsk.

Novoseltsev joined Khimik Voskresensk in 2009, playing 29 games with the team. He remained with the team during the 2009–10 season (as the team was relegated to the second-tier Vysshaya Liga due to financial concerns), scoring five goals and ten points in 40 games. Novoseltsev retired after the 2009-10 MHL season.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1995–96 | Krylia Sovetov Moscow | IHL | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995–96 | Krylia Sovetov–2 Moscow | RUS.2 | | 43 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1996–97 | Krylia Sovetov Moscow | RSL | | 30 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 18 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 1996–97 | Krylia Sovetov–2 Moscow | RUS.2 | | 20 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 39 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1997–98 | Sarnia Sting | OHL | | 53 | 26 | 22 | 48 | 41 | | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 1998–99 | Sarnia Sting | OHL | | 68 | 57 | 39 | 96 | 45 | | 5 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 |
| 1999–2000 | Florida Panthers | NHL | | 14 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–2000 | Louisville Panthers | AHL | | 47 | 14 | 21 | 35 | 22 | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 2000–01 | Florida Panthers | NHL | | 38 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2000–01 | Louisville Panthers | AHL | | 34 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2001–02 | Florida Panthers | NHL | | 70 | 13 | 16 | 29 | 44 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Florida Panthers | NHL | | 78 | 10 | 17 | 27 | 30 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | Florida Panthers | NHL | | 17 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | Phoenix Coyotes | NHL | | 17 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | Springfield Falcons | AHL | | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Lada Togliatti | RSL | | 13 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Lada–2 Togliatti | RUS.3 | | 4 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Spartak Moskva | RSL | | 26 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 47 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2005–06 | Krylia Sovetov Moscow | RUS.2 | | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Norfolk Admirals | AHL | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Amur Khabarovsk | RSL | | 18 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 18 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Amur–2 Khabarovsk | RUS.3 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Amur Khabarovsk | RSL | | 23 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Traktor Chelyabinsk | RSL | | 21 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 47 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2008–09 | Krylia Sovetov Moscow | RUS.2 | | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | Krylia Sovetov–2 Moscow | RUS.3 | | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | Khimik Voskresensk | KHL | | 29 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2009–10 | Khimik Voskresensk | RUS.2 | | 40 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 18 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| RSL totals | | | | 131 | 12 | 14 | 26 | 148 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| NHL totals | | | | 234 | 31 | 44 | 75 | 112 | |  |  |  |  |  |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | Russia | EJC | 4th | | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| 2003 | Russia | WC | 5th | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Junior totals | | | | | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Senior totals | | | | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Ivan Novoseltsev | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Novoseltsev with the Norfolk Admirals in 2006 | | | |
| Born | (1979-01-23) 23 January 1979
Golitsyno, Soviet Union | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 183 lb (83 kg; 13 st 1 lb) | | |
| Position | Winger | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Krylia Sovetov Moscow
Florida Panthers
Phoenix Coyotes
Lada Togliatti
Spartak Moscow
Amur Khabarovsk
Traktor Chelyabinsk
Khimik Voskresensk | | |
| National team | Russia | | |
| NHL draft | 95th overall, 1997
Florida Panthers | | |
| Playing career | 19962010 | | |


title: Ticknor and Fields

abstract: Ticknor and Fields was an American publishing company based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded as a bookstore in 1832, the business published many 19th-century American authors, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry James, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau, and Mark Twain. It also became an early publisher of The Atlantic Monthly and North American Review. The firm was named after founder William Davis Ticknor and apprentice James T. Fields, although the names of additional business partners would come and go, notably that of James R. Osgood in the firm's later years. Financial problems led Osgood to merge the company with the publishing firm of Henry Oscar Houghton in 1878, forming a precursor to the modern publisher Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Houghton Mifflin revived the Ticknor and Fields name as an imprint from 1979 to 1989.

text:
# Ticknor and Fields

**Ticknor and Fields** was an American publishing company based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded as a bookstore in 1832, the business published many 19th-century American authors, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry James, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry David Thoreau, and Mark Twain. It also became an early publisher of *The Atlantic Monthly* and *North American Review*.

The firm was named after founder William Davis Ticknor and apprentice James T. Fields, although the names of additional business partners would come and go, notably that of James R. Osgood in the firm's later years. Financial problems led Osgood to merge the company with the publishing firm of Henry Oscar Houghton in 1878, forming a precursor to the modern publisher Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Houghton Mifflin revived the Ticknor and Fields name as an imprint from 1979 to 1989.

## Company history

### Early years

In 1832 William Davis Ticknor and John Allen began a small bookselling business called **Ticknor and Allen** which operated out of the Old Corner Bookstore located on Washington and School streets in Boston, Massachusetts. The space had previously been used by publishers Carter & Hendee, who hired a teenaged James T. Fields as an apprentice. When Ticknor and Allen began their business, Fields joined them. A year later, Allen withdrew from the firm, and Ticknor continued business under **William D. Ticknor and Company**. When John Reed and Fields became partners in 1845, the imprint was changed to **Ticknor, Reed, and Fields**. Reed retired in 1854 and the imprint was renamed as Ticknor and Fields, which became well known.

During these years the firm purchased and printed the *Atlantic Monthly* and the *North American Review*. Also in 1842 Ticknor became the first American publisher to pay foreign writers for their works, beginning with a check to Alfred Tennyson. These were prosperous years for the firm, and they compiled an impressive list of authors, Horatio Alger, Lydia Maria Child, Charles Dickens, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Alfred Tennyson, Henry David Thoreau, Mark Twain, and John Greenleaf Whittier. The Old Corner Bookstore had become the publishing house and meeting place for these authors. Many writers visited many times a week; George William Curtis referred to it as "the hub of the Hub", referring to Boston's nickname, and said that it "compelled the world to acknowledge that there was an American literature".

The success of the firm was largely in part to the perfectly matched but widely varied talents of Ticknor and Fields. Ticknor gave his attention to the financial and manufacturing departments while Fields focused on literary relations and social aspects of the business. It was also during these years that Ticknor and Fields developed a close relationship with the Riverside Press, founded by Henry Oscar Houghton in 1852.

### After Ticknor

In the spring of 1864, Ticknor accompanied Nathaniel Hawthorne on a trip to restore the author's health, at the urging of his wife Sophia Hawthorne. During the trip, Ticknor became ill with pneumonia. Hawthorne wrote to Fields that "our friend Ticknor is suffering under a billious attack... He had previously seemed uncomfortable, but not to an alarming degree." Ticknor died on the morning of April 10, 1864.

Upon Ticknor's sudden and unexpected death, interests in the firm were carried on by his son Howard M. Ticknor. During these years the business had outgrown the Old Corner Bookstore and Fields, now in charge of the company, was no longer interested in the retail store. He sold the Old Corner Bookstore on November 12, 1864, and moved the publishing house to 124 Tremont Street. The firm also began to publish *Our Young Folks* edited by Howard M. Ticknor. The younger Ticknor soon retired and, in 1868, the firm was reorganized as **Fields, Osgood, & Co.** Benjamin Holt Ticknor, son of William Davis Ticknor, was admitted at a partner in 1870. On New Year's Day, 1871, Fields announced his retirement from the business at a small gathering of friends, intending to focus on his own writing. On January 2, 1871, the remaining partners bought out Fields's share of the company for $120,000 and it was renamed **James R. Osgood & Co.**

Osgood, who considered Fields a mentor, attracted substantial new talent and published new works by Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Bret Harte, William Dean Howells, Henry James, Sarah Orne Jewett, Lucy Larcom, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, Celia Thaxter, and Charles Dudley Warner.

### Final years

The firm invested in heliotype printing technology, various periodicals, and established a New York office. Within a few years, the company was in financial difficulty and Osgood and B. H. Ticknor were forced to sell off various assets, including many stereotype plates.  By December 1878, they were forced to merge with Hurd & Houghton and became Houghton, Osgood, and Co. Henry Oscar Houghton became a partner in the deal. The partnership lasted until 1880, when Osgood left to form a second J. R. Osgood and Company. Houghton's company, now Houghton, Mifflin, and Co, retained the rights to the Tickner and Fields backlist. The second J. R. Osgood and Co. was taken over by Benjamin Holt Ticknor in 1885 under the name Ticknor and Company, based (by the first quarter of 1890) at 211 Tremont Street. Ticknor and Company operated until 1889 when it became part of Houghton, Mifflin, and Co. In 1908 the name was changed to Houghton Mifflin Company.

### Twentieth-century revival

In 1979, Houghton Mifflin revived the Ticknor and Fields name as an imprint. Chester Kerr was the editor from its reestablishment to 1984; Corlies Smith followed him from 1984 to 1989.

## Further reading

* Fiske, John. (1889). *Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography*, New York: D. Appleton and Company
* Ticknor, Caroline.(1913). *Hawthorne and His Publisher*, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company – via the Internet Archive

## InfoBox

Ticknor and Fields
| Ticknor and Fields colophon, c.1867 | |
| --- | --- |
| Status | Defunct |
| Founded | 1832 |
| Founder | William Davis Ticknor and John Allen |
| Successor | Houghton Mifflin |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Headquarters location | Boston |
| Key people | James T. Fields, James R. Osgood |
| Publication types | Books, Magazines |


title: Happiness (Ai song)

abstract: " "Happiness" (ハピネス) is a song written and recorded by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai. Originally released digitally on November 18, 2011 as the second single from Ai's ninth studio album, Independent, it was released physically on December 14, 2011, by EMI Music Japan alongside "Letter in the Sky". Used as a commercial theme song for Coca-Cola's Christmas campaign in Japan from 2011 to 2015, "Happiness" became one of Ai's best performing singles in the 2010s to date with 3 million digital downloads. In 2013, the single received a Platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).

text:
# Happiness (Ai song)

"**Happiness**" (ハピネス) is a song written and recorded by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai. Originally released digitally on November 18, 2011 as the second single from Ai's ninth studio album, *Independent*, it was released physically on December 14, 2011, by EMI Music Japan alongside "Letter in the Sky".

Used as a commercial theme song for Coca-Cola's Christmas campaign in Japan from 2011 to 2015, "Happiness" became one of Ai's best performing singles in the 2010s to date with 3 million digital downloads. In 2013, the single received a Platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).

## Background and release

In October 2011, "Letter in the Sky" was released digitally as the lead single for *Independent*. With the release, it was announced the song would be released physically in December.

"Happiness" originally was released to Chaka-Uta, a digital transmission technology in Japan used to distribute ringtones and songs to Japanese mobile phones in November 2011. It later was released to other digital stores. On December 14, "Happiness" was released physically with "Letter in the Sky" as a double A-side single.

## Music videos

Three music videos were made for "Happiness" and its remixes. The original music video was released in December 2011. In the video, Ai portrays a janitor, a high school principal, and a salesman driving a Coca-Cola delivery truck. The video switches between the three characters she portrays. At the end of the music video, Ai is seen performing the song as herself with the students of the school.

In 2012, a music video for the "Smile Version" of "Happiness" was released. The music video was shot in Yokohama.

In 2013, a music video for the "Giving Version" of "Happiness" was released.

## Commercial performance

The physical release of "Happiness / Letter in the Sky" debuted at number 14 on the Oricon weekly singles chart. On the *Billboard Japan* charts, "Happiness" debuted at number 4 and peaked at number 2 on the Japan Hot 100. The physical single peaked at number 13 on the Top Singles Sales chart. "Happiness" appeared in many year-end rankings.

## Track listing

All tracks written and produced by Ai Uemura unless noted. All tracks produced by Uta unless noted.

"Happiness"– Digital single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" | 4:17 |

"Happiness / Letter in the Sky" – CD single
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" |  |  | 4:15 |
| 2. | "Letter in the Sky" (featuring The Jacksons) | * Uemura * Curtis Jenkins * Danny Lashine * King David "The Future" | * King David * Uemura | 4:43 |

"Happiness / Letter in the Sky" – DVD bonus
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" (music video) |  |
| 2. | "Letter in the Sky" (music video) (featuring The Jacksons) |  |
| 3. | "Legendary Night at Nippon Budokan with Super Special Guests" (Digest trailer) |  |

*Happiness EP* – Digital EP
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" (Smile Version) |  | 4:24 |
| 2. | "Happiness" |  | 4:18 |
| 3. | "Happiness" (English Version) |  | 4:17 |
| 4. | "Happiness" (Mighty Crown Reggae Summer Remix) |  | 5:04 |
| 5. | "Happiness" (Live in Budokan 2012) |  | 5:29 |
| 6. | "Happiness" (Karaoke Mix) |  | 4:18 |

*Happiness Gift Pack* – CD EP
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" |  | 4:18 |
| 2. | "Happiness" (Smile Version) |  | 4:24 |
| 3. | "Happiness" (Giving Version) |  | 4:16 |
| 4. | "Happiness" (English Version) | * Uemura * Hyman | 4:18 |
| 5. | "Happiness" (Mighty Crown Reggae Summer Remix) |  | 5:04 |
| 6. | "Happiness" (Karaoke Mix) |  | 4:18 |
| 7. | "Happiness" (Smile Version, Karaoke Mix) |  | 4:26 |
| 8. | "Happiness" (Giving Version, Karaoke Mix) |  | 4:16 |

*Happiness Gift Pack* – DVD bonus
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" (music video) |  |
| 2. | "Happiness" (Smile Version) (music video) |  |
| 3. | "Happiness" (Giving Version) (music video) |  |
| 4. | "Happiness" (Giving Version) (Behind the Scenes) |  |

*Happiness Pack* – Digital EP
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happiness" |  | 4:18 |
| 2. | "Happiness" (Smile Version) |  | 4:24 |
| 3. | "Happiness" (Giving Version) |  | 4:16 |
| 4. | "Happiness" (English Version) | * Uemura * Hyman | 4:18 |
| 5. | "Happiness" (Mighty Crown Reggae Summer Remix) |  | 5:04 |

## Charts

### Weekly charts

Chart performance for "Happiness"
| Chart (2011-12) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan Adult Contemporary Airplay (*Billboard Japan*) | 1 |
| Japan Hot 100 (*Billboard Japan*) | 2 |
| Japan Singles Chart (Oricon) | 14 |
| Japan Top Singles Sales (*Billboard Japan*) | 13 |

Chart performance for "Happiness"
| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan Albums Chart (Oricon) | 139 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Happiness"
| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan Adult Contemporary Airplay (*Billboard Japan*) | 14 |
| Japan Hot 100 (*Billboard Japan*) | 5 |
| Japan Radio Songs (*Billboard Japan*) | 12 |

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.

### Original version

* Ai Uemura – vocals, songwriter, producer
* Uta – producer, programming, recording arranger

### English version

* Ai Uemura – vocals, songwriter, producer
* Uta – producer, programming, recording arranger
* Latisha Hyman – songwriter

### Reggae Summer remix

* Ai Uemura – vocals, songwriter, producer
* Uta – producer, programming, recording arranger
* Mighty Crown – arranger, work arranger
* Danny Bassic – bass (vocals)
* Kirk Drummie – drums
* Monti – guitar
* Deen Fraser – horn
* Devon – keyboards
* Sami-T – programming, recording arranger

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "Happiness"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Japan (RIAJ)
*PC download* | 2× Platinum | 500,000* |
| Japan (RIAJ)
*Full-length ringtone* | Platinum | 250,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Happiness (Gospel Version)

| "Happiness (Gospel Version)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional single by Ai | |
| from the album  *Kansha!!!!! - Thank You for 20 Years New and Best* | |
| Language | * Japanese * English |
| Released | October 30, 2019 (2019-10-30) |
| Recorded | 2019 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:21 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Ai Uemura |
| Producer(s) | * Gerald Haddon * Uemura |

On October 30, 2019, Ai released a gospel version of "Happiness" as promotional single from her 2019 compilation album, *Kansha!!!! - Thank You for 20 Years New and Best*.

### Background

To celebrate her twenty-year anniversary in the music industry and the then upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics, Ai traveled to Los Angeles, California to record new material, which later was revealed to be *It's All Me, Vol. 1* (2020) and *It's All Me, Vol. 2* (2021). While recording new material, Ai recorded gospel arrangements of her previously released hit singles.

### Release history

Release history and formats for "Happiness (Gospel Version)"
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | October 30, 2019 |  | EMI |  |

## Eito version

| "Happiness" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Eito | |
| Language | * Japanese * English |
| Released | November 11, 2020 (2020-11-11) |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Length | 4:16 |
| Label | A.S.A.B |
| Songwriter(s) | Ai Uemura |
| Eito singles chronology | |
| "Right Now"
(2020) "**Happiness**"
(2020) "Piece of Cake"
(2021) | |

Japanese musician Eito covered "Happiness" for the Coca-Cola winter 2020 campaign. His cover was released on November 11, 2020, by A.S.A.B. His cover was included as a bonus track on his debut studio album, *Sukkarakan*.

### Live performances

Eito performed the song live with Ai at the *"Coca-Cola" Ribbon Bottle Happiness Night* on December 10, 2020.

### Release history

Release history and formats for "Happiness"
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | November 11, 2020 | * Digital download * streaming | A.S.A.B |  |

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Happiness"
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Version | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan | November 23, 2011 | * Digital download | Original | EMI Music Japan |  |
| | December 14, 2011 | | | * Digital download * streaming * CD * DVD |  |
| | January 16, 2013 | * Digital download * streaming | | EP |  |
| | December 3, 2013 | * Digital download * streaming | Pack EP | EMI Records Japan |  |
| | December 11, 2013 | * CD * DVD | | Gift Pack EP |  |
| Various | October 30, 2019 | * Digital download * streaming | EP | EMI Records |  |
| | | November 8, 2023 | | Dolby Atmos mix |  |

## Footnotes

1. On Japanese charts, the *Happiness Gift Pack* was considered an album.

## InfoBox

| "Happiness" | |
| --- | --- |
| 2013 reissue cover | |
| Single by Ai | |
| from the album  *Independent* | |
| Language | * Japanese * English |
| A-side | "Letter in the Sky" |
| Released | December 14, 2011 (2011-12-14) |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:17 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Ai Carina Uemura |
| Producer(s) | * Uta * Ai |
| Ai singles chronology | |
| "Stronger"
(2010) "**Happiness**" / "Letter in the Sky"
(2011) "Beautiful Life"
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Happiness" on YouTube | |
| Original cover | |
|  | |
| Original cover | |
|  | |
|  | |