title: Mugen Rao

abstract: Mugen Rao is a Malaysian singer and film actor in Tamil films. In 2019, he won Season 3 of Bigg Boss Tamil. He is sometimes known as MGR.

text:
# Mugen Rao

**Mugen Rao** (born in 1995) is a Malaysian singer and film actor in Tamil films. In 2019, he won Season 3 of *Bigg Boss* Tamil. He is sometimes known as MGR.

## Personal life

Mugen was born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, one of three children. His father, Prakash Rao, died in 2020.

## Career

He began his singing career with his father, a stage singer, and performed in fifty stage shows. He made his acting debut in the Malay TV show *Senandung Malam*, then had small parts in films including *Gerak Khas* and *Ghora*, in shorts, TV films, and advertising.

Rao's career took off in 2016, when his music video "Kayalvizhi" went viral on YouTube. His later music videos include "Anbe Aruyire", "Pogiren", "Mayakkurriye", and "Oththa Thamarai", which was shot in 2022 using virtual production technology.

In 2019, he was the first Malaysian contestant on *Bigg Boss* Tamil edition, and emerged as the winner. While on *Bigg Boss Tamil*, he sang the unreleased song "Sathiyama", which was only officially released in 2020. He then moved to Chennai and sought to break into Tamil cinema.

He signed a three-film deal in 2020, and was announced at the time to have a leading role in *Vettri*. He played the lead in *Velan*, directed by Kavin Moorthy and released in December 2021. In 2022, he began filming *Mathil Mel Kadhal* alongside Divya Bharathi.

## Filmography

### Films

| Year | Film | Role(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *Ghora* | Adhitya | Malaysian film |
| | *Haran* | Abdu | |
| | *Hey Coffeelopher* | Ram | |
| 2019 | *Venpa* | Yuvaraj Balakrishnan | Malaysian film (Special Appearance in Thandayuthabaaniye song) |
| 2021 | *Velan* | Velan | Also singer and lyricist |
| TBA | *Vettri* | TBA |  |
| TBA | *Madhil Mel Kaadhal* | TBA |  |
| TBA | *Kaadhal Enbathu Saabama* | TBA |  |
| TBA | *Jinn* | TBA |  |

### Web series

List of web series and roles
| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | *MY3* | Adhitya Chandrasekhar | OTT Release |  |

### Short films

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *I am Peter* |  |
| 2018 | *Light Up Someone's Life* |  |

### Television

#### Actor

| Year | Serial/Telemovie/Drama | Role | Channel | Language | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Senandung Malam* | Paperboy |  | Malay |  |
| 2010 | *Da Bomba* | Supporting |  | Malay |  |
| 2011 | *Gerak Khas* | Supporting | TV2 | Malay |  |
| 2012 | *Sindiket Fixie* | Supporting |  | Malay |  |
| 2012 | *Rumah Kecil Itu* | Supporting |  | Malay |  |
| 2014 | *Rembau Ada WiFi* | Supporting |  | Malay |  |
| 2016 | *ASTRO Sitcom: Barber* | Main Cast |  | Tamil |  |
| 2016 | *Veetuku Oru Paati* | Main Cast |  | Tamil |  |
| 2016 | *Ippadiyum Pannalama* | Main Cast |  | Tamil |  |
| 2017 | *Agam Puram* |  |  | Tamil |  |
| 2018 | *Sekuriti* |  | TV2 | Tamil |  |
| 2018 | *Sugamaana Sumaigal* |  |  | Tamil |  |
| 2019 | *Nee Yaar* | Main Cast | TV2 | Tamil | Best TV Drama Actor award |

#### Reality shows (non fiction)

| Year | Reality Show/Fiction/Live Show | Role | Channel | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *360 Degrees: Season 11* | Anchor | Astro Vaanavil |  |
| 2017 | *360 Degrees: Season 12* | Anchor | Astro Vaanavil |  |
| 2017 | *Chinna Kabali* | Anchor | Astro Vaanavil |  |
| 2017 | *Astro Ponggal* | Anchor | Astro Vaanavil |  |
| 2018 | *Astro Ponggal* | Anchor | Astro Vaanavil |  |
| 2019 | *KL to KK: Let's roll* | Host | Astro Ulagam |  |
| 2019 | *Bigg Boss Tamil 3* | Contestant | Vijay TV | Winner |
| 2019 | *Super Singer 7* | Guest | Vijay TV |  |
| 2020 | *Dancing Super Stars* | Judge | Vijay TV |  |

## Discography

### Singer

* *Note: When he is credited as the composer, he is credited as Mugen Rao MGR.*

| Year | Song | Composer(s) | Co-singer(s) | Writer(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | "Kaadhaley Kannir" | Coruz Hooks | A'sha, Coruz Hooks | Mugen Rao |  |
| 2015 | "Ring-Eh" | Razor Ray | A Sha | |  |
| 2016 | "Kayalvizhi" | Coruz Hooks | Solo | |  |
| 2018 | "Pogiren" | Prashan Sean | Prashan Sean | |  |
| | "Abinaya | Shane Extreme, Mugen Rao | Solo | |  |
| 2019 | "Yenggedi" | Shane Extreme | Solo | |  |
| | "Maya" | Mugen Rao | Solo | |  |
| | "Sathiyama" | Mugen Rao, Shane Extreme | Priyashankari | |  |
| 2020 | "Arivum Anbum" | Ghibran | Kamal Haasan, Ghibran, Anirudh Ravichander, Yuvan Shankar Raja,
Shankar Mahadevan, Bombay Jayashri, Sid Sriram, Devi Sri Prasad,
Shruti Haasan, Andrea Jeremiah, Siddharth | Kamal Haasan |  |
| | "Thedinen" | Mugen Rao, Shane Extreme | Solo | Mugen Rao |  |
| 2021 | "Sathiyama Sollurandi" | Gopi Sundar, Mugen Rao | | Sivaangi Krishnakumar |  |
| | "Kaanal Neer Aanathe" | Gopi Sundar | Solo | Lalithanand |  |
| 2022 | "Mudhal Kaathal" | Mugen Rao, Vivasvan | Solo | Mugen Rao, Vivasvan |  |
| 2023 | "Murugan Cassette Vol.1" | Mugen Rao | Havoc Brothers | Mugen Rao |  |

### Actor in music videos

| Year | Song | Music | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | "Anbe Aaruyirae" | Prashan Sean |  |
| 2015 | "Aayiram Sorkal" | Emzzie Boi | Also co-lyricist |
| 2016 | "Kadhal Enbathu Saabama" | Lawrence Soosai |  |
| | "Nanba Vaa" | Jose Franklin |  |
| 2022 | "Mayakirriye" | AniVee |  |
| | "Othai Thamarai" | Sandy Sandellow |  |
| 2023 | "Single Aayiten Di" | Dharan Kumar |  |
| | "Makka Makka" | Harris Jayaraj |  |

## InfoBox

| Mugen Rao | |
| --- | --- |
| Rao in 2020 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Mugen Rao |
| Born | (1995-10-20) 20 October 1995 |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, singer |
| Years active | 2009–present |
|  | |
| Website | www.mugenrao.com |


title: Paola Pozzoni

abstract: Paola Pozzoni is an Italian cross-country skier. Pozzoni was born in Lecco. She competed in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo.

text:
# Paola Pozzoni

**Paola Pozzoni** (born 17 August 1965) is an Italian cross-country skier. Pozzoni was born in Lecco. She competed in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 20 km | 4 × 5 km
relay |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | *22* | 33 | 34 |  |  |
|

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 20 km | 4 × 5 km
relay |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1987 | *21* |  |  |  | 5 |
|

### World Cup

#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | *18* | NC |
| 1987 | *21* | 56 |
| 1994 | *28* | NC |
|

## InfoBox

| Paola Pozzoni | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Italy |
| Born | (1965-08-17) 17 August 1965
Lecco, Italy |
| Ski club | GSA Valsassina |
| World Cup career | |
| Seasons | 3 – (1984, 1987, 1994) |
| Starts | 6 |
| Podiums | 0 |
| Overall titles | 0 – (56th in 1987) |


title: George Sinclair (horticulturist)

abstract: George Sinclair was a Scottish gardener.

text:
# George Sinclair (horticulturist)

**George Sinclair** (1787 – 13 March 1834) was a Scottish gardener.

## Biography

George Sinclair was born at Mellerstain in Berwickshire, where his father was gardener to the Hon. George Baillie of Jerviswood, and was baptised in the parish church of Earlston on 25 November 1787. He was the youngest of seven children born to Duncan Sinclair (1750–1833) and Christian Tait. Duncan Sinclair had been working at Mellerstain House for almost eight years when George was born and was to remain there until his death in 1833. George's uncle, Archibald Sinclair, was also a gardener and in 1791 began working at nearby Minto House; in the early 19th century he was employed as superintendent of the estate at Bonnington House near Lanark by Lady Mary Ross, a distant relative of George Baillie. Like his brother Duncan, Archibald remained a loyal servant there until his death, also in 1833. George and his brother, John, both continued in the family tradition and became gardeners. John was employed by the 7th Earl of Denbigh at Newnham Paddox in Warwickshire (1806–1815), and George was gardener to the 6th Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire from about 1807 until 1825, when he went into partnership as a seedsman with John Cormack and his son, John, at New Cross in Surrey.

## Horticultural work

By 1809 George Sinclair was conducting experiments at the direction of the Duke and also publishing papers. In 1813 he entered into a debate with Dr. William Richardson about fiorin grass in the *Agricultural Magazine*. He was a corresponding member of the Caledonian Horticultural Society in Edinburgh and read a paper there in March 1814 entitled *On the prevention of the blight in fruit trees*. He had struck up a friendship with Thomas Gibbs of Ampthill in Bedfordshire, who was seedsman to the Board of Agriculture and had premises in Half Moon Street Piccadilly and a nursery in Brompton. Sinclair corresponded with him regularly and purchased seeds and plants from him. Some of his letters refer to the experiments that he was conducting at Woburn Abbey under the guidance of Sir Humphry Davy to compare the performance of different species and various mixtures of grasses and herbs on different types of soil. These experiments and their results were published in an Appendix to Davy's *Elements of Agricultural Chemistry* in 1815. Sinclair had also consulted James Sowerby about the analysis of soils and submitted an advance copy of his publication on grasses to the 3rd Earl of Hardwicke for his opinion. *Hortus gramineus Woburnensis* was published in 1816, an expensive folio volume containing dried specimens of the grasses examined. Because of the herbarium specimens included, the work is catagorised as resembling an exsiccata work. The specimens were replaced by plates in cheaper editions published in 1825, 1826, and 1829, and in a German translation by Frederick Schmidt of 1826. The nutritional value of the grasses as animal fodder was assessed through comparison of their water-soluble constituents. Between 1818 and 1820 Sinclair carried out experiments on the use of salt as manure for the growing of wheat which he described in a prize essay.

Sinclair also corresponded with Sir James Edward Smith, founder of the Linnean Society, about various plants. By 1823 he was a Fellow of the Horticultural Society where he read a paper on the Woburn perennial kale. On 26 March 1824 he became a fellow of the Linnean Society, having been elected by Joseph Sabine and the Duke of Bedford. In 1822 the Duke of Bedford had begun a comprehensive collection of exotic and indigenous heaths as a way of recuperating from a very severe illness. In his Introduction to *Hortus ericaeus Woburnensis* which was published in February 1825 the Duke states that the collection was completed under the superintendence of his former gardener, George Sinclair. In *Hortus Woburnensis*, written later by Sinclair's successor James Forbes, the design of the heath parterres at Woburn is also attributed to Sinclair, and in a letter to the Duke, Sir George Hayter, who did the illustrations for *Hortus ericaeus*, made reference to Sinclair as having shown him around the greenhouse and parterres and selecting the specimens to be illustrated. To find the best possible growing conditions for the collection of heaths Sinclair began collecting different types of heath soils and analysing their constituents. After several years of systematic investigation he concluded that they were made up mainly of humus, which derived from decayed leaves, and sand. He also collected calcareous soils from around Luton and Dunstable and experimented in mixing them with various proportions of peat and ashes to try to find a potting medium suitable for the more exotic specimens of heaths. However, this proved unsuccessful, and in Hortus ericaeus … he recommended a natural heath soil for the growing of different species. By now Sinclair's brother, John, was working at Loddiges of Hackney where experimental work was being carried out in growing exotic species and in hybridisation. Sinclair purchased some of the Erica in the Woburn collection from here as well as personally collecting specimens from nurseries at Tooting (possibly William Rollison's Springfield Nursery), New Cross, Fulham, Woking, from George Whitworth of Acre House at Claxby by Normanby in Lincolnshire, and the Vineyard Nursery at Hammersmith, owned by James Lee and Lewis Kennedy. He also travelled to Southampton, where he bought hardy heaths from William Bridgewater Page, and to Bristol, where he made purchases of Cape Heaths from John Miller.

Benjamin Holdich, who was editor of the *Farmer's Journal*, was another acquaintance of Sinclair's, and as he lay dying he requested that Sinclair complete and publish his unfinished *Essay on weeds*. Sinclair duly wrote a preface and three of the four chapters based on Holdich's notes, and it was published in 1825. Sinclair donated the profits from the essay to Holdich's widow and family. Later that year he wrote a paper *On cultivating a collection of grasses in pleasure grounds or flower gardens* which was published in the *Gardener's Magazine* in 1826. In 1827 Sinclair submitted ideas for a treatise on planting to the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, which was eventually published in 1832, and in 1828 he wrote a prize essay *On the effects of bone manure on different soils* for the Highland Society of Scotland. In 1829 James Forbes, Sinclair's successor at Woburn, published *Salictum Woburnense*, and in the Introduction by the Duke of Bedford Sinclair was credited with having initiated the idea of creating the collection of willows. In 1830 he wrote an article *On the cultivation of the natural grasses* for Baxter's Library of Agricultural and Horticultural Knowledge, and in 1831 he wrote a preface for and made additions to the 12th edition of James Donn's *Hortus Cantabrigiensis*.

In 1830 the Duke of Bedford built a new flower market at Covent Garden, and Sinclair took up a tenancy with his partner, John Cormack, in one of the conservatories there. He also had premises at 53, Regent Street. He continued to be busy with his writing, publishing papers for the *Quarterly Journal of Agriculture* and the Highland Society of Scotland, and with consultancy work on practical and scientific matters that concerned arboriculture, pastures, lawns, and agricultural and horticultural chemistry. He also carried out valuations of woods and plantations.

## Private life

Sinclair married Kennedy Gilmour, daughter of Thomas and Agnes Cockburn, also from the lowlands of Scotland. They were married 17 September 1817 in St. James Church in Piccadilly and had three children while living at Woburn; twin sons born in 1818, one of whom was named Wriothesley, in honour of the Duke of Bedford's son, and a daughter, Elizabeth, born in 1820. Sadly Elizabeth died in 1833, the same year as Sinclair's father and uncle, and it is thought that these deaths caused a state of depression in Sinclair which contributed to his early death the following year. Sinclair died at New Cross on 13 March 1834 and was buried at St. Paul in Deptford on 21 March. Sinclair's son, Finlay Duncan, died a few years later. His son, Wriothesley, studied at Pembroke College, Oxford, but died of consumption in Kensington in June 1840.

## Significance

In his obituary, written by J.C. Loudon in the *Gardener's Magazine*, Sinclair's *Hortus gramineus* … is described as the most important work of its kind ever published; he "will hold a conspicuous station in all future times, as the introducer of a new and improved system of laying down lands in grass." Throughout the 19th century it continued to be cited as a valuable reference in the cultivation of grass. In another obituary, published in the *Quarterly Journal of Agriculture*, G. W. Johnson wrote that Sinclair "must be classed amongst the great modern benefactors of agriculture."

More recently, in January 2002 environmental scientists Andy Hector and Rowan Hooper wrote a paper entitled *Darwin and the First Ecological Experiment*. In *On the Origin of Species* Darwin wrote, "It has been experimentally proved that if a plot of ground be sown with one species of grass, and a similar plot be sown with several distinct genera of grasses, a greater number of plants and a greater weight of dry herbage can thus be raised." He was in fact referring to the experiments conducted by Sinclair at Woburn Abbey. Despite some limitations Hector and Hooper described the experiments as impressive even by today's standards and believe that they influenced the development of Darwin's "principle of divergence" which preceded his theory of evolution by natural selection. They also believe that Sinclair's research predates all other ecological experiments that they know of.

The standard author abbreviation G.Sinclair is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.  1. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2. Smith,P. 1983 The landed estate as patron of scientific innovation: horticulture at Woburn Abbey Unpublished thesis: Open University
3. Agricultural Magazine, 2 (1813), 16
4. Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 1 (1814), 450
5. Davy, H. 1815 Elements of Agricultural Chemistry
6. Sinclair, G. 1816 Hortus gramineus Woburnensis
7. "Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis: or, an account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses, and other plants, used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals: instituted by John Duke of Bedford: IndExs ExsiccataID=1781706495". *IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae*. Botanische Staatssammlung München. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
8. Johnson, C. W. 1821, *Essay on the uses of salt for agricultural purposes, and in horticulture*
9. Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London (1824), 297
10. Duke of Bedford & Sinclair, G. 1825 Hortus ericaeus Woburnensis
11. Forbes, J. 1833 Hortus Woburnensis, 240
12. Holdich, B. 1825 Essay on weeds
13. Gardener's Magazine (1826), 14
14. British Husbandry, 3 (1832), 19
15. Prize-Essays & Transactions of the Highland Society of Scotland, 1 (1828), 75
16. Forbes, J. 1829 Salictum Woburnense
17. Baxter, J. 1830 Library of Agricultural & Horticultural Knowledge, 217
18. Donn, J. 1831 Hortus Cantabrigiensis
19. Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, 3 (1832), 976
20. Prize-Essays & Transactions of the Highland Society of Scotland, 4 (1832), 31
21. Gardener's Magazine (1834), 192
22. Quarterly Journal of Agriculture,4 (1834), 45 13 (1843), 440
23. Hector, A. & Hooper, R. 2002 Darwin and the first ecological experiment Science 295: 639–640
24. Darwin, C. 1985 on the Origin of Species by Means of Natural selection (Penguin Classic edition) Chap. 4, p.185
25. International Plant Names Index. *G.Sinclair*.


title: Joel Solanilla

abstract: Joel Isaac Solanilla Valdespino is a Panamanian football defender who most recently played for Panamanian second division team Costa del Este.

text:
# Joel Solanilla

**Joel Isaac Solanilla Valdespino** (born 24 December 1983 in Panama, Panama) is a Panamanian football defender who most recently played for Panamanian second division team Costa del Este.

## Playing career

### Club

Solanilla started his career with Argentinian side Talleres de Córdoba, but has spent most of his playing career in Panama, joining Plaza Amador in January 2004. He made a move to Colombian first division side Envigado in 2006, only to leave them in August 2006 claiming the club owed him salary.

In August 2007, Solanilla moved abroad again to play for Salvadoran side FAS from San Francisco, whom he had only joined a month earlier.

He joined Guatemalan club Deportivo Malacateco in December 2011 on loan from Sporting San Miguelito, only to be released by the club in March 2012 after playing only 5 matches.

He went on to play in the Panamanian second division and joined Costa del Este ahead of the 2014 Clausura.

### International

Solanilla played at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship in the United Arab Emirates.

He made his senior debut for Panama in a February 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Guatemala and has earned a total of 30 caps, scoring no goals. He represented his country in 5 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and was a member of the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup team, who finished second in the tournament and he also played at the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

His final international was a July 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup match against Nicaragua.

## Personal life

His parents are Isaac Solanilla and Yadira Valdespino. His older brother Osvaldo won 10 caps for Panama in 1996 and 1997.

## InfoBox

Joel Solanilla
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Joel Isaac Solanilla Valdespino | | |
| Date of birth | (1983-12-24) 24 December 1983 | | |
| Place of birth | Panama City, Panama | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Pan de Azúcar | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001 | Talleres Córdoba |  |  |
| 2002–2003 | Plaza Amador |  |  |
| 2003 | Patriotas |  |  |
| 2004–2005 | Plaza Amador |  |  |
| 2005–2006 | Árabe Unido |  |  |
| 2006 | Envigado | 19 | (0) |
| 2007 | Plaza Amador |  |  |
| 2007 | San Francisco | 4 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | FAS |  |  |
| 2009–2011 | Sporting San Miguelito | 32 | (1) |
| 2012 | Deportivo Malacateco (loan) | 15 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | Millenium UP |  |  |
| 2014–2015 | Costa del Este |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2003–2009 | Panama | 30 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 July 2006<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 31 August 2015 | | | |


title: Joel Soisson

abstract: Joel Soisson is an American filmmaker. He works primarily in the field of independent film. His numerous credits include Dracula 2000, A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, The Prophecy, Little Pink House and Buffalo Rider.

text:
# Joel Soisson

**Joel Soisson** is an American filmmaker. He works primarily in the field of independent film. His numerous credits include *Dracula 2000*, *A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge*, *Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure*, *The Prophecy*, *Little Pink House* and *Buffalo Rider*.

## Biography

### Education

Soisson studied fine arts and character animation at Pratt Institute and film studies at the University of Southern California and the American Film Institute.

### Movie career

Soisson has written, produced and directed numerous feature films since producing *Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure* (1989). He worked extensively with production companies such as New Line Cinema, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group and The Weinstein Company, before making films under his own banner, Neo Art & Logic, where he helped produce and finance *Sweet Jane* (1998) and the documentary feature *Trekkies* (1997).

Mr. Soisson was featured prominently in Season 3 of the reality television series, *Project Greenlight*, which chronicled the making of the horror film, *Feast*, directed by then-neophyte John Gulager. He is a longtime member of the Writers Guild of America.

### Personal life

He currently lives in Bainbridge Island, Washington and works internationally. His wife, Claudia Templeton, is an actress and production accountant.

## Filmography

| Film | Year | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Seven Cemeteries* | 2023 | Producer, Screenplay |
| *My Best Worst Adventure* | 2021 | Writer/Director |
| *Fatal Beauty* | 2019 | Writer/Director |
| *Children of the Corn: Runaway* | 2018 | Writer |
| *Little Pink House* | 2017 | Producer |
| *Girl Missing* | 2015 | Director |
| *Buffalo Rider* | 2015 | Writer/Director |
| *Cam2Cam* | 2014 | Writer/Director |
| *Toonstone* | 2014 | Executive Producer |
| *White Frog* | 2012 | Producer |
| *Piranha 3DD* | 2012 | Producer, Writer |
| *Children of the Corn: Genesis* | 2011 | Writer/Director |
| *Pulse 3* | 2008 | Writer/Director |
| *Pulse 2: Afterlife* | 2008 | Writer/Director |
| *Highlander: The Source* | 2007 | Writer (as Mark Bradley) |
| *American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile* | 2006 | Executive producer |
| *Pulse* | 2006 | Producer |
| *Hollow Man 2* | 2006 | Writer |
| *Feast* | 2005 | Producer |
| *The Prophecy: Forsaken* | 2005 | Writer/Director |
| *The Prophecy: Uprising* | 2005 | Writer/Director |
| *Hellraiser: Hellworld* | 2005 | Story by |
| *Trekkies 2* | 2004 | Executive Producer |
| *Dracula III: Legacy* | 2003 | Producer, Writer |
| *Dracula II: Ascension* | 2003 | Producer, Writer |
| *Children of the Corn: Revelation* | 2001 | Producer |
| *Mimic 2* | 2001 | Writer |
| *Dracula 2000* | 2000 | Producer, Writer |
| *Highlander: Endgame* | 2000 | Writer |
| *Sweet Jane* | 2000 | Executive Producer |
| *Hellraiser: Inferno* | 2000 | Producer |
| *The Prophecy 3: The Ascent* | 2000 | Producer, Writer |
| *Suckers* | 1999 | Executive Producer |
| *Six Days in Roswell* | 1999 | Executive Producer |
| *Phantoms* | 1998 | Producer |
| *The Prophecy II* | 1998 | Producer |
| *Drive* (TV) | 1997 | Executive Producer |
| *Trekkies* | 1997 | Executive Producer |
| *Slaves to the Underground* | 1997 | Executive Producer |
| *No Way Back* (TV) | 1996 | Producer |
| *Back to Back* | 1996 | Executive Producer |
| *Countdown* | 1996 | Producer |
| *Infinity* | 1996 | Producer |
| *Fist of the North Star* (Video) | 1995 | Co-Executive Producer |
| *The Prophecy* | 1995 | Producer |
| *Blue Tiger* (TV) | 1994 | Executive Producer, Screenplay |
| *American Yakuza* | 1994 | Executive Producer |
| *Maniac Cop III: Badge of Silence* | 1993 | Producer |
| *Blue Desert* | 1991 | Executive Producer |
| *Lower Level* | 1991 | 2nd unit director (2nd Unit) Director, Executive Producer, Screenplay |
| *The Dave Thomas Comedy Show* | 1990 | Producer |
| *Modern Love* | 1990 | Executive Producer |
| *Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure* | 1989 | Producer |
| *Trick or Treat* | 1986 | 2nd unit director (2nd Unit) Director, Producer, Screenplay |
| *The Supernaturals* | 1986 | Producer, Writer |
| *A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge* | 1985 | 2nd unit director (2nd Unit) Director, Line Producer |
| *Lethal* | 1985 | Associate Producer |
| *The Witch* | 1985 | Assistant Art Director |
| *The Boys Next Door* | 1985 | Associate Producer |
| *Avenging Angel* | 1985 | Associate Producer |
| *Hambone and Hillie* | 1983 | Screenplay, Associate Producer |
| *The Triumphs of a Man Called Horse* | 1982 | Production Assistant |

## InfoBox

| Joel Soisson | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | American Film Institute |
| Occupations |  |


title: Joe Hogan (footballer, born 1875)

abstract: Joseph Daniel Hogan was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in both the Victorian Football Association (VFA) and the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Joe Hogan (footballer, born 1875)

**Joseph Daniel Hogan** (17 November 1875 – 21 December 1943) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in both the Victorian Football Association (VFA) and the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The son of merchant James Hogan (1831-1917), and Mary Hogan (-1900), née Thompson, Joseph Daniel Hogan was born at St Kilda on 17 November 1875.

He never married.

## Education

> Amongst those who took "Honors" and secured degrees
> at the annual "Commencement" of the Melbourne University
> on Saturday was Mr. Joseph Daniel Hogan, younger eon of
> Mr. James Hogan, of Hogan, Mooney and Co., Wine and
> Spirit Merchants. This young gentleman has had a remark-
> ably brilliant University career. Matriculating at the age of
> twelve, he has passed through his various law courses
> without the slightest trouble. He won the Supreme Court
> Prize of 125 guineas, and qualified for admission to praotise
> last December. On Saturday he took his degrees as Master
> of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, and secured the University
> prize of 60 guineas in the final honor examination in Law.
> We congratulate Mr. Hogan upon his distinguished success,
> and trust his future oareer at the "bar" will be equally as brilliant.
> *The Sportsman*, 23 March 1897.

He was educated at Christian Brothers College, St Kilda, and at the University of Melbourne, graduating Bachelor of Arts (**B.A.**) on 16 March 1985, Master of Arts (**M.A.**) and Bachelor of Laws (**LL.B.**) on 20 March 1897, and Master of Laws (**LL.M.**) on 16 March 1899.

## Football

Recruited from the Metropolitan Junior Football Association (MJFA) team "Collegians", Hogan was a centre half-back, regarded as one of the finest St Kilda players in their early VFL years, a period where the club was little more than a chopping block. In his career, St Kilda won 22 and drew 2 of the 125 matches he played in (18.4% success rate).

Due to the demands of his law practice he played just six matches in 1899–1900, and missed the entire 1901 season.

He was appointed captain in 1902, but the club lost all 17 matches that season.

Hogan was a ruckman and key position player, and upon his retirement was described by H. C. A. Harrison as one of the game's greatest players, particularly skilled for his high marking and ruck work.

### Last match of 1904

Late in the final quarter — in what he thought (at the time) was to be his last match for St Kilda — playing against Carlton on an extremely windy day at Princes Park on 3 September 1904, when Carlton was so far in front that a loss was impossible, Hogan (one of St Kilda's best players on the day) took the ball from the backline and, moving down the ground, ran towards the St Kilda goal.

Carlton ruckman Fred Elliott, well aware that it was Hogan's last game, moved out of Hogan's way, allowing Hogan a free passage to the goals. Elliott was so eager to assist Hogan that he shouldered a team-mate, the Carlton half-back Billy Leeds, out of the way.

Hogan, now free to progress goalwards, got in range, and completely unimpeded, kicked for goal, but only managed a behind.

He was admitted to practise as a barrister and solicitor on 3 May 1897, and for 45 years he worked in joint partnership with his brother, James Thompson Hogan (1873-1944), at Hogan and Hogan of Queen Street, Melbourne.

## Death

He died in a St Kilda private hospital on 21 December 1943, and was buried at the St Kilda Cemetery.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Joe Hogan | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Joseph Daniel Hogan | | |
| Date of birth | (1875-11-17)17 November 1875 | | |
| Place of birth | St Kilda, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 21 December 1943(1943-12-21) (aged 68) | | |
| Place of death | St Kilda, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | "Collegians" (MJFA) | | |
| Height | 179 cm (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Weight | 80 kg (176 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre half-back | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1895-1896 | St Kilda (VFA) | 34 (4) |
| 1897–1900, 1902-1906 | St Kilda (VFL) | 91 (11) |
| Total |  | **125 (15)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1906. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
| * Captain 1902 | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Johan Wilhelm Rangell

abstract: Johan Wilhelm (Jukka) Rangell was the Prime Minister of Finland from 1941 to 1943. Educated as a lawyer, he was a close acquaintance of President Risto Ryti before the war, and made his initial career as a banker in the Bank of Finland. He played a role in the efforts at a 1940 Summer Olympics in Helsinki after the International Olympic Committee (IOC) retracted the original choice of Tokyo. After the resignation of President Kyösti Kallio during the Interim Peace, Risto Ryti was elected by the Electoral College as the new president of Finland on December 19, 1940, and Rangell rose to the position of Prime Minister. In office, Rangell's expertise and influence dealt mainly with economic issues, while more important foreign policy power rested on Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim, President Ryti and Foreign Minister Witting. Due to his connections to the IOC following the Berlin Olympics, Rangell's political orientation was seen as pro-German. Rangell's cabinet's belligerent actions in the Continuation War enjoyed the support of the Parliament. He defended the occupation of East Karelia and the regaining of the areas ceded in the Peace of Moscow. During Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's state visit to Finland in August 1942, Rangell silenced Himmler's questions concerning the Jewish minority of Finland by famously stating: "Wir haben keine Judenfrage". He served as the governor of the Bank of Finland from 1943 to 1944. In the war-responsibility trials, Rangell was convicted for 6 years of prison in February 1946 for alleged crimes against peace. He was pardoned in 1949. After his release, Rangell did not return to politics, but continued to work for the Finnish Olympic Committee and the IOC until 1967. He also belonged to the board of Kansallis-Osake-Pankki bank.

text:
# Johan Wilhelm Rangell

**Johan Wilhelm (Jukka) Rangell** (25 October 1894 – 12 March 1982) was the Prime Minister of Finland from 1941 to 1943.

Educated as a lawyer, he was a close acquaintance of President Risto Ryti before the war, and made his initial career as a banker in the Bank of Finland. He played a role in the efforts at a 1940 Summer Olympics in Helsinki after the International Olympic Committee (IOC) retracted the original choice of Tokyo. After the resignation of President Kyösti Kallio during the Interim Peace, Risto Ryti was elected by the Electoral College as the new president of Finland on December 19, 1940, and Rangell rose to the position of Prime Minister. In office, Rangell's expertise and influence dealt mainly with economic issues, while more important foreign policy power rested on Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim, President Ryti and Foreign Minister Witting. Due to his connections to the IOC following the Berlin Olympics, Rangell's political orientation was seen as pro-German.

Rangell's cabinet's belligerent actions in the Continuation War enjoyed the support of the Parliament. He defended the occupation of East Karelia and the regaining of the areas ceded in the Peace of Moscow. During Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's state visit to Finland in August 1942, Rangell silenced Himmler's questions concerning the Jewish minority of Finland by famously stating: "*Wir haben keine Judenfrage*" ("We do not have a Jewish question").

He served as the governor of the Bank of Finland from 1943 to 1944.

In the war-responsibility trials, Rangell was convicted for 6 years of prison in February 1946 for alleged crimes against peace. He was pardoned in 1949. After his release, Rangell did not return to politics, but continued to work for the Finnish Olympic Committee and the IOC until 1967. He also belonged to the board of Kansallis-Osake-Pankki bank.

## Cabinets

## InfoBox

| Johan Wilhelm Rangell | |
| --- | --- |
| Rangell in 1941 | |
|  | |
| 15th Prime Minister of Finland | |
| **In office**
4 January 1941  5 March 1943 | |
| President | Risto Ryti |
| Preceded by | Risto Ryti |
| Succeeded by | Edwin Linkomies |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 25 October 1894
Hauho, Finland |
| Died | 12 March 1982(1982-03-12) (aged 87)
Helsinki, Finland |
| Political party | National Progressive Party |
| Alma mater | University of Helsinki |
| Profession | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Joe Profit

abstract: Joe Profit is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Atlanta Falcons in the National Football League (NFL). He spent two seasons, plus part of a third, on the Atlanta Falcons before moving to the New Orleans Saints. He was selected in the first round with the seventh overall pick in the 1971 NFL draft. In his three seasons in the NFL, he rushed 133 times for 471 yards and three touchdowns. He spent the 1974 season with the Birmingham Americans and 1975 with the Birmingham Vulcans, both of the World Football League. He played college football at Northeast Louisiana University. Profit ran as a Republican in 2018 for Congress in Georgia's 4th congressional district, losing to incumbent Democrat Hank Johnson.

text:
# Joe Profit

**Joe Profit** (born August 13, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Atlanta Falcons in the National Football League (NFL). He spent two seasons, plus part of a third, on the Atlanta Falcons before moving to the New Orleans Saints. He was selected in the first round with the seventh overall pick in the 1971 NFL draft. In his three seasons in the NFL, he rushed 133 times for 471 yards and three touchdowns. He spent the 1974 season with the Birmingham Americans and 1975 with the Birmingham Vulcans, both of the World Football League. He played college football at Northeast Louisiana University. Profit ran as a Republican in 2018 for Congress in Georgia's 4th congressional district, losing to incumbent Democrat Hank Johnson.

## Early life and college career

Joseph Profit was one of nine children born to Simon and Ethel Profit in one of the poorest areas in America, Lake Providence, Louisiana. He graduated from Richwood High School in Monroe, Louisiana, and afterwards briefly attended Alcorn State before transferring to the University of Louisiana, Monroe.

Profit “only played three (football) games as a high school senior.” In those three games he managed to score seven touchdowns. With such success, he received scholarship offers from various schools, including Grambling, Southern and Alcorn. Profit chose Alcorn State. However, due to various reasons, Profit left Alcorn with his sights on the University of Louisiana-Monroe (ULM).

While attending ULM, Profit “became the first black athlete to play football in the Gulf States Conference” (now the Sunbelt Conference). He was the Conference's all-time rushing champion with 2,818 yards, 538 carries and he set 10 school records, including most yards in a game. Unanimously, he was chosen as a member of the All–Sunbelt Conference team three years in a row. He also received first-team honors on the 1970 Little All-America college football team. He was, also, named Most Outstanding Running Back in the Senior Bowl and was invited to play in the North–South Shrine Game. According to Atlanta's Journal Sports Writer, Van Scott, during Profit's collegiate career, he scored 19 rushing touchdowns and, at one time, placed 27th in the NCAA College Division rushing statistics. Profit was the first athlete to have his number retired in the school's history.

## Career

### NFL

Profit was selected in the first round of the 1971 NFL draft by the Atlanta Falcons. He was the first running back in Atlanta Falcons’ history to ever rush for 169 yards on 21 carries and two touchdowns in a single game. NFL Hall of Famer, Norm Van Brocklin, said “Joe was the best running back in the United States of America.” At the time, Profit was the single longest hold out in contract negotiations in Falcons history and the first running back to receive a multi-year six figure contract. After two years with the Falcons, Profit he was traded to the New Orleans Saints. In 1975, he signed with the Birmingham Americans in the World Football League (WFL), where he scored the first touchdown in the league.

### Business career

As a businessman, Profit was the first African-American to purchase an International House of Pancakes (IHOP) franchise in Georgia. After selling it, he bought several Burger King Restaurants.

In addition, Profit is founder and CEO of Communications International Inc., a telecommunications company. (CII). In 1991, CII was the first minority-owned firm to secure a multimillion-dollar contract to help in the reconstruction of the war-damaged country of Kuwait. Profit serves as president and CEO of Multimedia Digital Broadcast Corporation (MDBC). Founded in 2007, MDBC is a technology and marketing company that provides entertainment and information through a digital media delivery platform. The company specializes in a Proprietary Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and broadband technologies. It, also, provides marketing, branding, advertising, strategic services and digital broadband content delivery services.

Profit is the author of “Fields of Success - Raised Expectations.” It is a biography written to inspire others, especially our youths.

For the past ten years, Profit has dedicated a great deal of his time focusing on his national Youth United for Prosperity, (YUP).

Profit is the founder of Legends & Kids, a series of literacy workshops in cooperation with public and private schools systems across the nation.

### Political career

Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush appointed him to various government advisory boards. He was appointed to the Federal Communications Commission Small Business Advisory Committee (FCC), the International Trade Board Subcommittee for Policy, International Trade Board Subcommittee for Policy, Federal Reserve Board, the White House Small Business Advisory Committee, and the U.S. Department of Transportation Advisory Board.

#### 2018 congressional campaign

In 2018, Profit challenged Democratic Congressman Hank Johnson. He won the Republican primary unopposed. He lost to Johnson 79%-21%.

#### 2020 congressional campaign

Profit initially decided to run for the open seat in Georgia's 7th congressional district, but on December 23, 2019 decided to switch races to challenge one-term incumbent Congresswoman Lucy McBath. He was defeated by former Republican congresswoman Karen Handel in the Republican primary election.

## Personal life

Profit married his first wife, Deborah Robinson, in 1971 and had four children from that union. In 2008, he married his second wife, Wanda. Presently, Profit and his wife reside in Marietta, Georgia. Profit ran as a Republican for Georgia's 4th district.

## InfoBox

| Joe Profit | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1949-08-13) August 13, 1949
Lake Providence, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Education | University of Louisiana, Monroe (BA) |
| ---  **American football career** | |
| No. 23 | |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 213 lb (97 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Richwood
(Ouachita Parish, Louisiana) |
| College: | Northeast Louisiana |
| NFL draft: | 1971 / round: 1 / pick: 7 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 471  Rushing touchdowns: 3  Receptions: 14  Receiving yards: 130 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Joe Pritchard (footballer, born 1943)

abstract: Joe Pritchard is a former professional footballer who played for Tranmere Rovers and Ellesmere Port. He scored 29 goals in 178 appearances for Tranmere, before moving to Ellesmere Port in June 1970. He was later employed as a joiner in Cammell Laird shipyard.

text:
# Joe Pritchard (footballer, born 1943)

**Joe Pritchard** (born 4 September 1943) is a former professional footballer who played for Tranmere Rovers and Ellesmere Port. He scored 29 goals in 178 appearances for Tranmere, before moving to Ellesmere Port in June 1970. He was later employed as a joiner in Cammell Laird shipyard.

## InfoBox

Joe Pritchard
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1943-09-04) 4 September 1943 | | |
| Place of birth | Birkenhead, England | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –1962 | Liverpool | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1962–1970 | Tranmere Rovers | 178 | (29) |
|  | Ellesmere Port |  |  |
| Total |  | **178** | **(29)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Philippe Girard

abstract: Philippe Girard is a retired Canadian football player. He was a defensive back with the Edmonton Eskimos and the Montreal Alouettes in the Canadian Football League.

text:
# Philippe Girard

**Philippe Girard** (born December 10, 1973) is a retired Canadian football player. He was a defensive back with the Edmonton Eskimos and the Montreal Alouettes in the Canadian Football League.

## Biography

A native of Montreal, Quebec, Girard is an alumnus of Mount Allison University, where he played football for the Mount Allison Mounties.

At Mount Allison, he was a two time all conference player (1996-1997), and voted on the second All Canadian team in 1997. He also earned the 1997 Atlantic Conference Best defensive player award, losing the President's trophy (CIAU defensive player of the year award) to Jason Van Geel of the University of Waterloo. He also helped the Mounties win the 1997 AUAA Championship over the St.FX X-Men 20-17, at Oland Stadium. His collegiate career ended when the Mounties lost 34-19 to eventual Vanier Cup champions UBC Thunderbirds at Huskies Stadium in Halifax, on Saturday November 15, 1997.

After graduation in 1998, Girard was selected in the first round (5th overall) of the CFL entry draft by the Edmonton Eskimos, the highest Mount Allison draft pick ever.

Girard joined the Montreal Alouettes in 2003 and played two seasons for his hometown team.

### Retirement

Girard retired from the CFL at the end of the 2004 season and is the Vice President of the Montreal Alouettes Alumni Association.

## InfoBox

Philippe Girard
| No. 5 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1973-12-10) December 10, 1973 |
| Place of birth | Montreal, Quebec |
| Career information | |
| Status | Retired |
| CFL status | National |
| Position(s) | DB |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) |
| Weight | 215 lb (98 kg) |
| Canada university | Mount Allison |
| CFL draft | 1998 / round: 1 / pick: 5 |
| Drafted by | Edmonton Eskimos |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 19982001 | Edmonton Eskimos |
| 20032004 | Montreal Alouettes |
|  | |


title: Johann Christian Martin Bartels

abstract: Johann Christian Martin Bartels was a German mathematician. He was the tutor of Carl Friedrich Gauss in Brunswick and the educator of Lobachevsky at the University of Kazan.

text:
# Johann Christian Martin Bartels

**Johann Christian Martin Bartels** (12 August 1769 – 20 December \[O.S. 7 December\] 1836) was a German mathematician. He was the tutor of Carl Friedrich Gauss in Brunswick and the educator of Lobachevsky at the University of Kazan.

## Biography

Bartels was born in Brunswick, in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), the son of pewterer Heinrich Elias Friedrich Bartels and his wife Johanna Christine Margarethe Köhler. In his childhood he showed a great interest in mathematics. In 1783 he was employed as an assistant to the teacher Büttner in the Katherinenschule in Brunswick. He became acquainted with Carl Friedrich Gauss there and encouraged his talent and recommended him to the Duke of Brunswick who awarded Gauss a fellowship to the Collegium Carolinum (now Technical University of Brunswick). A friendship developed between Gauss and Bartels and they corresponded between 1799 and 1823.

From 23 August 1788 he was a visitor at the Collegium Carolinum in Brunswick.

On 23 October 1791 Bartels studied mathematics under Johann Friedrich Pfaff in Helmstedt and Abraham Gotthelf Kästner in Göttingen. In the winter semester of 1793/1794 he studied Experimental Physics, Astronomy, Meteorology and Geology under Georg Christoph Lichtenberg.

In 1800 he worked in Switzerland as Professor of Mathematics in Reichenau (Canton Graubünden). In 1801 he was active in the cantonal school in Aarau. He married Anna Magdalena Saluz from Chur in 1802. The University of Jena promoted him to the Faculty of Philosophy in 1803.

In 1807 he was invited to join the University of Kazan by the founder Stepan Jakowlewitsch Rumowski (1734–1812), and went there in 1808 where he was appointed to the chair of Mathematics. During his twelve years tenure he lectured on the History of Mathematics, Higher Arithmetic, Differential and Integral Calculus, Analytical Geometry and Trigonometry, Spherical Trigonometry, Analytical Mechanics and Astronomy. During this time he taught Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky.

In 1821 he moved to the University of Dorpat, now Tartu, Estonia, where he founded the Centre for Differential geometry. He remained at Dorpat until his death. He was appointed Privy Councillor in 1823. From 1826 he was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science. He was also awarded high Russian honours. He died in Dorpat.

## Family

His daughter, Johanna Henriette Francisca Bartels (1807–1867), married Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve in 1835, after the death of Struve's first wife. She bore Struve six children, the best known of which was Karl de Struve (1835–1907), who served successively as Russian ambassador to Japan, the United States, and the Netherlands.

1. Athanase Papadopoulos (ed.), *Nikolai I. Lobachevsky. Pangeometry*, European Mathematical Society. 2010, p. 208.
2. (in Russian) Struve dynasty Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
* Siegfried Gottwald et al.: *Lexikon bedeutender Mathematiker*, Leipzig 1990
* Alexander Halameisär, Helmut Seibt: *Nikolai Iwanowitsch Lobatschewski*, Leipzig 1978
* Ülo Lumiste, "Martin Bartels as researcher: his contribution to analytical methods in geometry", *Historia mathematica* 24 (1997), 46–65 doi:10.1006/hmat.1997.2123
* Hans-Joachim Heerde: *Das Publikum der Physik - Lichtenbergs Hörer*, Göttingen 2006
* Olaf Welding et al.: *Deutschbaltisches Biographisches Lexikon*, Cologne 1970

## InfoBox

| Johann Christian Martin Bartels | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 12 August 1769
Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
| Died | 20 December 1836 (1836-12-21) (aged 67)
Dorpat, Russian Empire |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Alma mater | University of Helmstedt
University of Göttingen |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Geometry |
| Institutions | University of Jena
University of Kazan |
| Academic advisors | Johann Friedrich Pfaff
Abraham Gotthelf Kästner |
| Notable students | Nikolai Lobachevsky |
|  | |


title: Phot

abstract:
A phot (ph) is a photometric unit of illuminance, or luminous flux through an area. It is not an SI unit but rather is associated with the older centimetre–gram–second system of units. The name was coined by André Blondel in 1921. Metric equivalence:
  - 1   p h o t = 1   l u m e n c e n t i m e t r e 2 = 10, 000   l u m e n s m e t r e 2 = 10, 000   l u x = 10   k i l o l u x Metric dimensions:
  - Illuminance = luminous intensity × solid angle / length⁲

text:
# Phot

A **phot** (**ph**) is a photometric unit of illuminance, or luminous flux through an area. It is not an SI unit but rather is associated with the older centimetre–gram–second system of units. The name was coined by André Blondel in 1921.

Metric equivalence:

$$1\ \mathrm {phot} =1\ {\frac {\mathrm {lumen} }{\mathrm {centimetre} ^{2}=10,000\ {\frac {\mathrm {lumens} }{\mathrm {metre} ^{2}=10,000\ \mathrm {lux} =10\ \mathrm {kilolux} }}}}$$

Metric dimensions:

Illuminance = luminous intensity × solid angle / length2   1. Parry Moon. "System of photometer concepts", in the *Journal of the Optical Society of America*, volume 32, number 6 (June 1942), doi:10.1364/JOSA.32.000348. – Page 355: "The lumen was proposed by Blondel in 1894 and is now universally accepted. The names, phot and stilb were likewise coined by Blondel (1921) and are in general use on the Continent."

## InfoBox

| Phot | |
| --- | --- |
| Unit system | CGS units |
| Unit of | Illuminance |
| Symbol | ph |
| Conversions | |
| 1 ph *in ...* | *... is equal to ...* |
|  | |
| SI derived unit | 10000 lx |
| SAE units | 929 fc |


title: Phycoerythrocyanin

abstract: Phycoerythrocyanin is a kind of phycobiliprotein, magenta chromoprotein involved in photosynthesis of some Cyanobacteria. This chromoprotein consists of alpha- and beta-subunits, generally aggregated as hexamer. Alpha-phycoerythrocyanin contains a phycoviolobilin, a violet bilin, that covalently attached at Cys-84, and beta-phycoerythrocyanin contains two phycocyanobilins, a blue bilin, that covalently attached at Cys-84 and -155, respectively. Phycoerythrocyanin is similar to phycocyanin, an important component of the light-harvesting complex (phycobilisome) of cyanobacteria and red algae. While only phycocyanobilin is covalently bound to phycocyanin, leading to an absorption maximum around 620 nm, phycoerythrocyanin containing both phycoviolobilin and phycocyanobilin leads to an absorption maximum around 575 nm. As both phycoerythrocyanin and phycocyanin have phycocyanobilin acting as the terminal acceptor of energy transfer, they fluoresce around 635 nm, which is absorbed by allophycocyanins that have maximal absorption around 650 nm and maximal fluorescence around 670 nm. Finally, the light energy absorbed by phycoerythrocyanin is transferred to photosynthetic reaction center.

text:
# Phycoerythrocyanin

**Phycoerythrocyanin** is a kind of phycobiliprotein, magenta chromoprotein involved in photosynthesis of some Cyanobacteria. This chromoprotein consists of alpha- and beta-subunits, generally aggregated as hexamer. Alpha-phycoerythrocyanin contains a phycoviolobilin, a violet bilin, that covalently attached at Cys-84, and beta-phycoerythrocyanin contains two phycocyanobilins, a blue bilin, that covalently attached at Cys-84 and -155, respectively. Phycoerythrocyanin is similar to phycocyanin, an important component of the light-harvesting complex (phycobilisome) of cyanobacteria and red algae.

While only phycocyanobilin is covalently bound to phycocyanin, leading to an absorption maximum around 620 nm, phycoerythrocyanin containing both phycoviolobilin and phycocyanobilin leads to an absorption maximum around 575 nm. As both phycoerythrocyanin and phycocyanin have phycocyanobilin acting as the terminal acceptor of energy transfer, they fluoresce around 635 nm, which is absorbed by allophycocyanins that have maximal absorption around 650 nm and maximal fluorescence around 670 nm. Finally, the light energy absorbed by phycoerythrocyanin is transferred to photosynthetic reaction center.


title: Phlebolepididae

abstract: Phlebolepididae is an extinct thelodont agnathan family in the order Phlebolepidiformes.

text:
# Phlebolepididae

**Phlebolepididae** is an extinct thelodont agnathan family in the order Phlebolepidiformes.

## InfoBox

| Phlebolepididae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phlebolepis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Infraphylum: | Agnatha |
| Class: | Thelodonti |
| Order: | Phlebolepidiformes |
| Family: | Phlebolepididae
Berg, 1940 |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Phlebolepis*
 | |
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: John Adair (surveyor)

abstract: John Adair FRS (1660–1718) was a Scottish surveyor and cartographer, noted for the excellence of his maps. He first came to public notice in 1683, with a prospectus published in Edinburgh for a "Scottish Atlas" stating that the Privy Council of Scotland had engaged Adair, a "mathematician and skilfull (sic) mechanic", to survey the shires of Scotland. He surveyed the coast of Scotland from 1686, and was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1688. Only the first part of the coastal survey appeared, in 1703. He was perhaps the first Scottish map-maker actively to use triangulation in his work. Twelve manuscript maps survive from his work at this time, covering the Lothians, Stirling, Fife, Kinross and southern Perthshire. Unfortunately, financial and other difficulties hampered much of John Adair's map making, and not only were very few of his maps engraved during his lifetime, but most of his manuscript maps were destroyed by fire in 1811. However, a few of his county maps were engraved and printed by Richard Cooper, the elder in the 1730s.

text:
# John Adair (surveyor)

**John Adair** FRS (1660–1718) was a Scottish surveyor and cartographer, noted for the excellence of his maps.

He first came to public notice in 1683, with a prospectus published in Edinburgh for a "Scottish Atlas" stating that the Privy Council of Scotland had engaged Adair, a "mathematician and skilfull (sic) mechanic", to survey the shires of Scotland. He surveyed the coast of Scotland from 1686, and was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1688. Only the first part of the coastal survey appeared, in 1703.

He was perhaps the first Scottish map-maker actively to use triangulation in his work. Twelve manuscript maps survive from his work at this time, covering the Lothians, Stirling, Fife, Kinross and southern Perthshire. Unfortunately, financial and other difficulties hampered much of John Adair's map making, and not only were very few of his maps engraved during his lifetime, but most of his manuscript maps were destroyed by fire in 1811. However, a few of his county maps were engraved and printed by Richard Cooper, the elder in the 1730s.


title: Phyllophaga nitida

abstract: Phyllophaga nitida is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Phyllophaga nitida

***Phyllophaga nitida*** is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2006). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 3: Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-30914-2.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllophaga nitida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllophaga* |
| Species: | ***P. nitida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllophaga nitida***<br>(LeConte, 1856) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lachnosterna innominata*  Smith, 1889 * *Lachnosterna limula*  Horn, 1887 | |


title: Joginder Nagar, Great Nicobar

abstract: Joginder Nagar is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil. Joginder Nagar and Laxmi Nagar were originally Shompen camping sites. The Shompens deserted the place when forests were cleared to make way for a village of ex-servicemen.

text:
# Joginder Nagar, Great Nicobar

**Joginder Nagar** is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil.

Joginder Nagar and Laxmi Nagar were originally Shompen camping sites. The Shompens deserted the place when forests were cleared to make way for a village of ex-servicemen.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Joginder Nagar has 208 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 76.65%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 693 | 401 | 292 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 55 | 28 | 27 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literates | 489 | 297 | 192 |
| Workers (all) | 334 | 284 | 50 |
| Main workers (total) | 279 | 238 | 41 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 24 | 21 | 3 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 254 | 216 | 38 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 55 | 46 | 9 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 24 | 19 | 5 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 9 | 8 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 7 | 5 | 2 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 15 | 14 | 1 |
| Non-workers | 359 | 117 | 242 |

## InfoBox

| Joginder Nagar | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Campbell Bay is located in the eastern part of the Great Nicobar Island | |
| Joginder NagarLocation in India | |
| Coordinates: 6°56′N 93°55′E / 6.94°N 93.91°E / 6.94; 93.91 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| District | Nicobar |
| Tehsil | Great Nicobar |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 693 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| 2011 census code | 645195 |


title: Physicians for Social Responsibility

abstract: Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) is a physician-led organization in the US working to protect the public from the threats of nuclear proliferation, climate change, and environmental toxins. It produces and disseminates publications, provides specialized training, offers written and oral testimony to congress, conducts media interviews, and delivers professional and public education. PSR's members and e-activists, state and local chapters, student chapters, and national staff form a nationwide network that target what they consider threats to global survival, specifically nuclear warfare, nuclear proliferation, global warming, and toxic degradation of the environment.

text:
# Physicians for Social Responsibility

**Physicians for Social Responsibility** (**PSR**) is a physician-led organization in the US working to protect the public from the threats of nuclear proliferation, climate change, and environmental toxins. It produces and disseminates publications, provides specialized training, offers written and oral testimony to congress, conducts media interviews, and delivers professional and public education. PSR's members and e-activists, state and local chapters, student chapters, and national staff form a nationwide network that target what they consider threats to global survival, specifically nuclear warfare, nuclear proliferation, global warming, and toxic degradation of the environment.

## Organizational history

PSR was founded in Boston in 1961 by a group of physicians concerned about the public health dangers associated with the testing, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons. Drs. Bernard Lown, Victor W. Sidel, Sidney Alexander, H. Jack Geiger, Alexander Leaf, Charles Magraw, George Saxton, Robert Goldwyn, and Bernard Leon Winter (1921–1985) were among the founding group of physicians. PSR's initial reports described the real human, physical, social and environmental consequences of a nuclear war. PSR originally opposed atmospheric nuclear testing by documenting the presence of testing byproduct strontium-90 in children's teeth.

## Rebirth of PSR in the late 1970s

By 1973 the organization was not active and in effect ceased to exist. In 1978, Helen Caldicott, MD was asked by Arnold Relman, the then editor to write an article for the NEJM on the medical dangers of nuclear power. She was subsequently visited by a young intern from Cambridge City Hospital at Children's Hospital Medical Center where she worked in the cystic fibrosis unit, to ask for some relevant papers on nuclear power. After some discussion with him, Caldicott said - you know this is a medical issue, let's start a medical organization. The first meeting held a week later at the Boston home of Helen and Bill Caldicott with several physicians in attendance including one who had been the past the secretary of the old PSR, Richard Feinbloom. Feinbloom suggested that instead of bothering to incorporate a new organization in the state of Massachusetts, the group take the name of the old and then defunct Physicians for Social Responsibility and use it. They did.

This newly reinvigorated organization took off soon after. One of the initial organizational actions was to place an ad in the New England Journal of Medicine outlining what they considered to be the medical implications of nuclear power. The ad was serendipitously published the day after Three Mile Island melted down attracting 500 new members. Over five years the new PSR recruited 23,000 physician members and organized approximately 153 chapters in the US. Caldicott served as the President of PSR from 1978 until 1984 when she resigned. Dr Caldicott travelled widely and founded similar physicians organizations in other countries including England, Ireland, Scotland, Japan, New Zealand, Canada, Holland, Germany, Belgium, Scandinavia, and Australia.

## Founding of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW)

PSR's work to educate the public about the dangers of nuclear war grew into an international movement with the founding of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1980. In 1980 Bernard Lown co-founded, with Evgeni Chazov of the Soviet Union, IPPNW, with PSR as its American affiliate and branches in many other nations, to continue this educational effort on a global scale. As the U.S. affiliate of this global professional network, PSR shared in the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to IPPNW "for spreading authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare."

## PSR today

Today, PSR's security program works to improve national policy formulation and decision-making about nuclear weapons and technology through the combined efforts of credible, committed health professionals and active and concerned citizen members. PSR articulates both the health threats and the security threats posed by nuclear weapons, as well as the importance of implementing new approaches to reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons in national security policy. PSR works to lead the U.S. toward the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons.

Since 1992, when PSR formally created its environment and health program, PSR has worked to address global warming and the toxic degradation of the environment. PSR presses for policies to curb global warming, generate what they consider to be a sustainable energy future, minimize toxic pollution of air, food and drinking water, and prevent human exposure to toxic substances. PSR's Code Black program has been a voice in the movement to reduce U.S. reliance on coal-fired power plants. *Coal's Assault on Human Health*, released in November 2009, is a groundbreaking report that reviews and summarizes the latest peer-reviewed medical literature on coal pollution, providing a full picture of how coal affects human health from mining to combustion to the disposal of post-combustion waste.

In 2008, concerned about the push to promote nuclear energy as the solution to environmental problems, PSR launched what they called a safe energy program aimed at stopping the construction of new nuclear power plants and to sound the alarm about what they consider to be the true costs of, and the dangers associated with, nuclear energy.

Student Physicians for Social Responsibility (SPSR), a network of 39 chapters and 650 students, mobilizes medical students to engage in the work against nuclear proliferation, environmental degradation, and social justice issues. SPSR orients every new generation of medical students to be engaged in creating positive change through medical activism.

PSR state and local chapters work on a range of issues, including the 'greening' of hospitals, what they consider sustainable agriculture, health care reform, and domestic violence. Several PSR chapters are also active in the gun control movement, working to ban handguns in the United States.

Since the 2016 presidential election, leaders of PSR have sought to critique the administration's policies regarding nuclear weapons and climate change in op-ed pieces in major newspapers. PSR advocates the extension of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty between the United States and Russia scheduled to expire February 5, 2021. Local chapters have successfully persuaded a number of city and county legislatures to endorse the Back from the Brink Campaign urging US government actions to prevent nuclear war


title: Physician–patient privilege

abstract: Physician–patient privilege is a legal concept, related to medical confidentiality, that protects communications between a patient and their doctor from being used against the patient in court. It is a part of the rules of evidence in many common law jurisdictions. Almost every jurisdiction that recognizes physician–patient privilege not to testify in court, either by statute or through case law, limits the privilege to knowledge acquired during the course of providing medical services. In some jurisdictions, conversations between a patient and physician may be privileged in both criminal and civil courts.

text:
# Physician–patient privilege

**Physician–patient privilege** is a legal concept, related to medical confidentiality, that protects communications between a patient and their doctor from being used against the patient in court. It is a part of the rules of evidence in many common law jurisdictions. Almost every jurisdiction that recognizes physician–patient privilege not to testify in court, either by statute or through case law, limits the privilege to knowledge acquired during the course of providing medical services. In some jurisdictions, conversations between a patient and physician may be privileged in both criminal and civil courts.

## Scope

The privilege may cover the situation where a patient confesses to a psychiatrist that they committed a particular crime. It may also cover normal inquiries regarding matters such as injuries that may result in civil action. For example, any defendant that the patient may be suing at the time cannot ask the doctor if the patient ever expressed the belief that their condition had improved. However, the rule generally does not apply to confidences shared with physicians when they are not serving in the role of medical providers.

The reasoning behind the rule is that a level of trust must exist in the doctor–patient relationship so that the physician can properly treat the patient. If the patient were fearful of telling the truth to the physician because they believed the physician would report such behavior to the authorities, the treatment process could be rendered far more difficult, or the physician could make an incorrect diagnosis.

For example, a below-age of consent patient came to a doctor with a sexually transmitted disease. The doctor is usually required to obtain a list of the patient's sexual contacts to inform them that they need treatment. This is an important health concern. However, the patient may be reluctant to divulge the names of their older sexual partners, for fear that they will be charged with statutory rape. In some jurisdictions, the doctor cannot be forced to reveal the information revealed by their patient to anyone except to particular organizations, as specified by law, and they too are required to keep that information confidential. If, in the case the police become aware of such information, they are not allowed to use it in court as proof of the sexual misconduct, except as provided by express intent of the legislative body and formalized into law.

The law in Ontario, Canada, requires that physicians report patients who, in the opinion of the physician, may be unfit to drive for medical reasons as per Section 203 of the Highway Traffic Act.

The law in New Hampshire places physician–patient communications on the same basis as attorney–client communications, except in cases where law enforcement officers seek blood or urine test samples and test results taken from a patient who is being investigated for driving while intoxicated.

## United States

In the United States, the Federal Rules of Evidence do not recognize doctor–patient privilege.

At the state level, the extent of the privilege varies depending on the law of the applicable jurisdiction. For example, in Texas there is only a limited physician–patient privilege in criminal proceedings, and the privilege is limited in civil cases as well.

## Australia

In New South Wales, Australia, a privilege exists for "communication made by a person in confidence to another person .... in the course of a relationship in which the confidant was acting in a professional capacity"*.* This is often interpreted as being between a health professional and their patient.

In some jurisdictions in Australia privilege may also extend to lawyers, some victims, journalists (shield laws), and priests. It may also be invoked in a public interest, or settlement negotiations, which may also be privileged.


title: Galant reflex

abstract: Galant reflex, or truncal incurvation reflex, is a newborn reflex, named after neurologist Johann Susmann Galant. It is elicited by holding the newborn in ventral suspension and stroking along the one side of the spine. The normal reaction is for the newborn to laterally flex toward the stimulated side. This is one of the reflexes tested in newborns to help rule out brain damage at birth.

text:
# Galant reflex

**Galant reflex**, or **truncal incurvation reflex**, is a newborn reflex, named after neurologist Johann Susmann Galant. It is elicited by holding the newborn in ventral suspension (face down) and stroking along the one side of the spine. The normal reaction is for the newborn to laterally flex toward the stimulated side.

This is one of the reflexes tested in newborns to help rule out brain damage at birth.


title: Queeny Park

abstract: Queeny Park is a park located in unincorporated St. Louis County, Missouri. It is one of the largest parks in the St. Louis County Parks system.

text:
# Queeny Park

**Queeny Park** is a park located in unincorporated St. Louis County, Missouri. It is one of the largest parks in the St. Louis County Parks system.

## Description

The park contains 564-acres of forest, prairie, and riparian environment in suburban St. Louis. The 4.4-mile, mixed gravel and paved Hawk Ridge Trail navigates the perimeter of the park, with multiple shorter trails on the park's interior. Visitors can sometimes see horses in the prairie on the north and west sides of the park, as the park is frequently used for equestrian events. A creek in the Meramec River watershed runs north to south through the park, feeding a fishing pond at the park's southern end.

The park also includes picnic shelters, public restrooms, a playground, the Tails and Trails Dog Park, and outdoor tennis courts. The Greensfelder Recreation Complex accessible via the Weidman Road entrance houses a seasonal ice rink, indoor roller rink, and event space.

## History

In 1854, Hyacinth Renard built Jarville, a Greek Revival style home added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, on the land that would later become Queeny Park. Queeny Park was a part of Edgar M Queeny's estate, the former chairman of Monsanto, before being sold to a realty investment company in 1964. The money earned was donated to Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis. In 1970, the County bought the estate from the investment company and started the process of converting it into a park. Donations from Ethel Queeny and Edward Greensfelder went toward landscaping, a family recreational area, and recreation complex. In 1974, the Greensfelder Recreation Complex opened to the public. From 1987 to 2018, the American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog occupied the Jarville House before returning to New York.

In December 2019, the St. Louis County Council voted to allow deer hunts at all St. Louis County Parks, including Queeny.

## InfoBox

| Queeny Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | St. Louis County Parks |
| Location | Unincorporated St. Louis County, MO |
| Coordinates | 38°36′44″N 90°29′25″W / 38.612320°N 90.490252°W / 38.612320; -90.490252 |
| Area | 564 acres |
| Created | 1974 |
| Operated by | St. Louis County Parks Department |
| Status | Open all year (except Easter, Thanksgiving and Christmas) |


title: Fanatiz

abstract: Fanatiz is an international over-the-top sports streaming service. It focuses on South American sport.

text:
# Fanatiz

**Fanatiz** is an international over-the-top sports streaming service. It focuses on South American sport.

## History

Matías Rivera founded Fanatiz in 2016 because expats from South America could only watch football from their home countries via illegal websites and in poor quality. He was eager to change this and founded Fanatiz which provides football from across South America to all countries without broadcasting rights and licenses. It started with the Argentine Football League (LPF) in September 2017. In October 2018 they grew to 40 thousand registered users and have grown 30% per month. In August 2020, Brazilian football leagues followed including both the national and state championships. Fanatiz is based on the nunchee software.

## Rights

As of March 2023

### Chile

As platform of the channel CDO+ of Canal del Deporte Olímpico.

### Football

### Handball

#### South and Central America Handball Confederation

Fanatiz has since 2021 the rights for all competitions from the South and Central America Handball Confederation.

#### Countries

## InfoBox

Fanatiz
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English, Portuguese and Spanish |
| Founded | 2016 (2016) |
| CEO | Matías Rivera |
| Industry | Internet television, sports broadcasting |
| URL | www.fanatiz.com |
| Launched | 15 September 2017 (2017-09-15) |


title: My Shit (A Boogie wit da Hoodie song)

abstract: "My Shit" is a song by American rapper A Boogie wit da Hoodie, taken from his first full-length project, a mixtape titled Artist. The song was released as a single via digital distribution on July 1, 2016. The song peaked at number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was used in the Rick and Morty episode "The Old Man and The Seat".

text:
# My Shit (A Boogie wit da Hoodie song)

"**My Shit**" (also known as "**My Shhh**" or "**My S\*****" on the clean versions) is a song by American rapper A Boogie wit da Hoodie, taken from his first full-length project, a mixtape titled *Artist*. The song was released as a single via digital distribution on July 1, 2016. The song peaked at number 86 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. The song was used in the *Rick and Morty* episode "The Old Man and The Seat".

## Chart performance

The single debuted at number 98 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 chart on the week of November 5, 2016. It eventually peaked at number 86 twelve weeks later. The song is certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and streaming equivalent units of over 4 million units in the United States as of September 2023.

## Charts

| Chart (2016–17) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 86 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 35 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 3× Platinum | 240,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum | 4,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "My Shit" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by A Boogie wit da Hoodie | |
| from the album  *Artist* | |
| Released | July 1, 2016 |
| Recorded | 2016 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 2:08 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | D Stackz |
| A Boogie wit da Hoodie singles chronology | |
| "Bando"
(2016) "**My Shit**"
(2016) "Jungle"
(2016) | |


title: Mugen Shinshi

abstract: Mugen Shinshi is a Japanese manga metaseries by Yosuke Takahashi. The story follows the adventures of Mamiya Mugen, a teenage detective from the Showa era Japan, retold in multiple alternate continuities. The second and main series was loosely adapted into an OVA in 1985, while a live action film The Dream Manipulator Mugen was released in 2021.

text:
# Mugen Shinshi

***Mugen Shinshi*** (Japanese: 夢幻紳士, Hepburn: *Mugen Shinshi*, "Dream Gentleman") is a Japanese manga metaseries by Yosuke Takahashi. The story follows the adventures of Mamiya Mugen, a teenage detective from the Showa era Japan, retold in multiple alternate continuities. The second and main series was loosely adapted into an OVA in 1985, while a live action film *The Dream Manipulator Mugen* was released in 2021.

## Plot

The first manga series introduces Mamiya Mugen, the child heir of a rich family that enjoys solving crimes for the Japanese police during the Showa era. Although young, he has telepathic powers and a keen intellect, and is helped by his faithful butler Alucard. Some of the cases he gets involved with are occult or supernatural in nature.

The series was revamped for the second manga publishing, *Boken Katsugeki-hen*, where the story remains almost the same, although containing more gags and humor. Mugen lacks any superpower now, and solves cases with the help of his butler Alucard and his love interest Atsuko. However, the shady story of his family intervenes as well, forcing him to confront his villainous father and aunt. This iteration of the series received an OVA whose story conflates and references several of the manga's chapters.

A much more serious, almost horror-oriented view of the series is given in its third continuity, *Kaiki-hen*, where Mugen is now a suave, distinguished ladies man in his twenties. He works mostly alone and meets a long string of lovers in his cases, but is helped by his spiritual powers and his mentor Professor Yokomizo. This style was kept in the work's fourth version, in which Mamiya has a different set of powers.

The last series is the trilogy *Gensho-hen*/*Oma-hen*/*Meikyu-hen*, in which Mugen is presented as a supernatural entity unrelated to humanity that fights monsters and demons.

## Characters

Mamiya Mugen (夢幻魔実也) Voiced by: Keiko Toda A child detective who solves crimes with his genius mind (and in some continuities, his supernatural powers). He wears a black suit and sometimes a matching bowler hat, and while his personality often changes between series, he is always boyish and quirky. He's 15 in *Katsugeki-hen*, where he is also a master of disguise and a good shooter. He abandons Japan with the outbreak of World War II, but returns years later, married to Atsuko and having a daughter named Mako. Alucard (アルカード) Voiced by: Banjo Ginga Mamiya's butler, a huge, bald old man with a surprising strength. *Katsugeki-hen* reveals he was born in Transylvania and has vampiric blood, but swore loyalty to the Mamiya family after Kyoshiro saved his life during World War I. His name is Dracula backwards. Inspector Edogawa (江戸川 警部) Voiced by: Junpei Takiguchi Mamiya's liaison in the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, a bumbling man who often becomes skeptical or cowardly at his plans. His name comes from Edogawa Ranpo. Atsuko Fukune (福音温子) Voiced by: Hiroko Emori Introduced in *Katsugeki-hen*, Atsuko is a girl Mamiya meets during one of his cases, after which she becomes his sidekick and eventually his wife. An orphan, she used to earn a living as an exotic dancer in Asakusa. She's intelligent and determined, though quite short-tempered and a bit uncultured. Mako Mugen (夢幻魔子) The daughter of Mamiya and Atsuko. During the 1950s, she starts working as a Japanese vigilante named Tokyo Kid. Kyoshiro Mugen (夢幻狂四郎) Mamiya's father, introduced in *Katsugeki-hen*. He is a professional delinquent, which brings Mamiya troubles to no end, though he sincerely loves his son and wife. At the end of the story, it is revealed that he used to be a friend of Adolf Hitler. Yukie Mugen (夢幻雪絵) Mamiya's mother, an elegant women constantly infuriated by his husband's antics. Neko Mugen (夢幻猫) Mamiya's aunt, a beautiful femme fatale murderer. Dr. Lao (老博士) Voiced by: Joji Yanami Another enemy to Mamiya, a Chinese mastermind. He's ostensibly a parody of Fu Manchu, though his face is officially based on popular Japanese actor Akira Oizumi, while his name comes from Charles G. Finney's *The Circus of Dr. Lao*. Koho (老博士) Voiced by: Koji Totani Dr. Lao's main henchman, a plump Chinese man. Though he looks stupid, he can be surprisingly competent. He's a parody of Japanese professional wrestler Thunder Sugiyama. Kaitō Kurenai Okoze (怪盗紅オコゼ) Another of Mamiya's enemies, a phantom thief (怪盗, *kaitō*) of unknown identity. Prof. Yokomizo (横溝教授) A scientist who understands psychic abilities. He only appears in the first chapters of *Kaiki-hen*.

## InfoBox

| Mugen Shinshi | |
| --- | --- |
| 夢幻紳士
(*Mugen Shinshi*) | |
| Genre | Mystery |
| Manga | |
| *Mugen Shinshi* | |
| Written by | Yosuke Takahashi |
| Published by | Asahi Sonorama |
| Magazine | *Manga Shonen* |
| Demographic | *Shonen* |
| Original run | January 1981December 1982 |
| Volumes | 1 |
| Manga | |
| *Mugen Shinshi Bōken Katsugeki-hen* | |
| Written by | Yosuke Takahashi |
| Published by | Tokuma Shoten |
| Magazine | *Betty* |
| Demographic | *Shonen* |
| Original run | August 15, 1982October 18, 1990 |
| Volumes | 10 |
| Original video animation | |
| *Mugen Shinshi Bōken Katsugeki-hen* | |
| Directed by | Hatsuki Tsuji |
| Produced by | Akio Wakana
Tomoko Sato |
| Written by | Izo Hashimoto |
| Studio | Gallop
JVCKenwood Victor Entertainment |
| Released | February 21, 1987 |
| Runtime | 50 minutes |
| Manga | |
| *Mugen Shinshi Kaiki-hen* | |
| Written by | Yosuke Takahashi |
| Published by | Tokuma Shoten |
| Magazine | *Medium
Shonen Captain* |
| Demographic | *Shonen* |
| Original run | April 1982June 1991 |
| Volumes | 1 |
| Manga | |
| *Mugen Shinshi Mugen Gaiden* | |
| Written by | Yosuke Takahashi |
| Published by | Asahi Sonorama |
| Magazine | *Nemuki* |
| Demographic | *Shonen* |
| Original run | 19921996 |
| Volumes | 3 |
| Manga | |
| *Mugen Shinshi Gensho-hen/Oma-hen/Meikyu-hen* | |
| Written by | Yosuke Takahashi |
| Published by | Hayakawa Shobo |
| Magazine | *Mystery Magazine* |
| Demographic | *Shonen* |
| Original run | March 25, 2004February 15, 2007 |
| Volumes | 3 |
| Live-action film | |
| *The Dream Manipulator Mugen* | |
| Directed by | Misako Unakami |
| Studio | Beach Walkers Collection |
| Released | June 26, 2021 (2021-06-26) |
| Runtime | 92 minutes |


title: Huangfengqiao

abstract: Huangfengqiao Town is an urban town in You County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

text:
# Huangfengqiao

**Huangfengqiao Town** (simplified Chinese: 黄丰桥镇; traditional Chinese: 黃豐橋鎮; pinyin: *Huángfēngqiáo Zhèn*) is an urban town in You County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

## Cityscape

The town is divided into 13 villages and one community, the following areas: Huliping Community, Yantang Village, Dongyueshan Village, Fenglong Village, Wanxinqiao Village, Jilinqiao Village, Shilian Village, Manjiang Village, Xiaoshu Village, Taqian Village, Baoning Village, Yangfeng Village, Damiao Village, and Sanguang Village.

## InfoBox

| Huangfengqiao Town 黄丰桥镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Huangfengqiao TownLocation in Hunan | |
| Coordinates: 27°16′10″N 113°42′35″E / 27.26944°N 113.70972°E / 27.26944; 113.70972 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhuzhou |
| County | You |
| Area | |
| Total | 163.68 km2 (63.20 sq mi) |
| Population | 22,700 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 412306 |
| Area code | 0733 |


title: Pantokraator

abstract: Pantokraator is an Estonian band that blends elements of progressive rock and folk music. Growing from a garage band in Tartu, the ensemble soon gained a devoted audience from its unique and exotic sounds. After several years in hiatus, Pantokraator returned to the active music world with its 2009 release Tormidesööjad (The Storm Eaters).

text:
# Pantokraator

**Pantokraator** is an Estonian band that blends elements of progressive rock and folk music. Growing from a garage band in Tartu, the ensemble soon gained a devoted audience from its unique and exotic sounds. After several years in hiatus, Pantokraator returned to the active music world with its 2009 release ***Tormidesööjad*** *(The Storm Eaters)*.

## History

The core of what became Pantokraator came together in Tartu in the early 1980s when a group of school friends formed the band ***Propaan*** (Propane). This included Erik Sakkov – who became the core of the band's music since its inception – along with friends Riho Kukk and Mait Karm. In 1983, the band changed its name to *Pantogrator*, which evolved over the years first to *Pantograator* to its best-known (and current) version ***Pantokraator*** in 1988.

With a year of gigging behind them, the band was awarded accolades at the *Tartu Autumn* rock festival for the rising star and the people's choice awards in 1984, earning them access to professional rehearsal space and equipment. It was at that point their career-long links to sound engineer Mart Moldau were forged, ones that would last to this present day.

The band's first major media exposure came in 1985 when their rock opera *Merikajakas* (Seagull) was recorded during one of its performances as the band toured the country. The following year, the band took part in the Tartu Music Days, which was at the time one of the most prestigious rock festivals in the former USSR.

By then the band's composition had altered slightly; changes included Jaan Sööt joining as guitarist and Peeter Jõgioja on drums. However, their momentum was interrupted in 1987 as the principal members of the band were forced into military service.

Once conscription ended for the members of the band, Sakkov and the now experienced band brought vocalist Lauri Saatpalu into the band. Saatpalu's vocal style would become a trademark to the Pantokraator sound from that point on. Their success continued, with appearances in many large festivals in Estonia and even tours outside of Estonia.

As the Singing Revolution moved ahead in Estonia, many of the country's rock bands played their role in creating dynamic Estonian music in many genres. It was in 1990 that the band managed to release their first LP, named *Pantokraator I*. But with the restoration of the country's independence, realities of life – especially economic considerations – took over, and the band broke up in 1992.

The band did not reappear for another 14 years. During that time, members pursued their own careers in and out of the music world. Most prominently, vocalist Lauri Saatpalu fronted the folk group Dagö. In 2006, Saatpalu and Sakkov agreed to put the band back together and started working on new material the year after.

In 2007–08, the newly reformed Pantokaator, augmented by a team of new bandmates, put together new material which eventually turned into the 2009 release *Tormidesööjad*. To celebrate their history and rebirth, they also released previously unavailable material in a special boxed set.

And with positive reviews from all over the world being received and a successful gig at the revived Tartu Musical Days festival in May 2009, Pantokraator now looks forward to their future – not just to the Estonian audience, but beyond.

## Current members

* Henno Kelp – bass
* Taavi Langi – guitars
* Roland Puusepp – percussions
* Lauri Saatpalu – vocals
* Erik Sakkov – keyboards
* Triinu Taul – vocals

With Mart Moldau and Ergo Ehte as sound engineers.

## InfoBox

| Pantokraator | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Tartu, Estonia |


title: Mike Smith (softball)

abstract: Mike Smith is an American softball coach. He is the head coach at California Baptist. He was previously the head coach of the Ole Miss Rebels softball team. He was a Western Baseball League Pitcher of the Year with the Mission Viejo (Calif.) team in both 1997 and 1998, and in 2000 was the MVP of the WBL championship series with the St. George team.

text:
# Mike Smith (softball)

**Mike Smith** is an American softball coach. He is the head coach at California Baptist. He was previously the head coach of the Ole Miss Rebels softball team. He was a Western Baseball League Pitcher of the Year with the Mission Viejo (Calif.) team in both 1997 and 1998, and in 2000 was the MVP of the WBL championship series with the St. George team.

## Coaching career

### Ole Miss

On May 29, 2014, Mike Smith was announced as head coach at Ole Miss.

On December 8, 2019, Smith resigned as head coach of the Ole Miss softball program after being suspended for not meeting university expectations.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Biola Eagles**  *(Western League)* (1999–2002) | | | | | | | | |
| 1999 | Biola | 22–23 |  | 5th |  |
| 2000 | Biola | 38–19 |  | 3rd |  |
| 2001 | Biola | 50–13 |  | 1st |  |
| 2002 | Biola | 46–17 |  | 2nd | NAIA 10th place |
| **Biola:** | | 156–72 (.684) |  |  | | | | |
| **UC Riverside Highlanders**  *(Big West Conference)* (2003) | | | | | | | | |
| 2003 | UC Riverside | 13–45 |  | 7th |  |
| **UC Riverside:** | | 13–45 (.224) |  |  | | | | |
| **California Baptist Lancers**  *(Pacific West Conference)* (2004–2011) | | | | | | | | |
| 2004 | California Baptist | 45–15 |  | 1st | NAIA 6th place |
| 2005 | California Baptist | 55–7 |  | 1st | NAIA 2nd place |
| 2006 | California Baptist | 57–7 |  | 1st | NAIA 2nd place |
| 2007 | California Baptist | 59–5 | 20–1 | 1st | NAIA 3rd place |
| 2008 | California Baptist | 60–8 | 23–1 | 1st | NAIA 4th place |
| 2009 | California Baptist | 61–5 | 20–2 | 1st | NAIA Champions |
| 2010 | California Baptist | 64–4 | 26–1 | 1st | NAIA 3rd place |
| 2011 | California Baptist | 66–5 | 18–2 | 1st | NAIA 2nd place |
| **California Baptist:** | | 467–56 (.893) | 107–7 (.939) |  | | | | |
| **McNeese State Cowgirls**  *(Southland Conference)* (2012–2014) | | | | | | | | |
| 2012 | McNeese State | 34–21 | 12–8 | 3rd |  |
| 2013 | McNeese State | 38–15 | 19–5 | 1st |  |
| 2014 | McNeese State | 40–17 | 20–6 | 1st | NCAA Regional |
| **McNeese State:** | | 112–53 (.679) | 51–19 (.729) |  | | | | |
| **Ole Miss Rebels**  *(Southeastern Conference)* (2015–2019) | | | | | | | | |
| 2015 | Ole Miss | 30–25 | 6–18 | 12th |  |
| 2016 | Ole Miss | 41–22 | 11–13 | 10th | NCAA Regional |
| 2017 | Ole Miss | 43–20 | 10–14 | 9th | NCAA Super Regional |
| 2018 | Ole Miss | 32–25 | 7–17 | 12th | NCAA Regional |
| 2019 | Ole Miss | 41–20 | 13–10 | 5th | NCAA Super Regional |
| **Ole Miss:** | | 187–112 (.625) | 47–72 (.395) |  | | | | |
| **California Baptist Lancers**  *(Western Athletic Conference)* (2022–present) | | | | | | | | |
| 2022 | California Baptist | 30–26 | 12–12 | 3rd |  |
| 2023 | California Baptist | 28–29 | 10–14 | 8th |  |
| 2024 | California Baptist | 30-23 | 17-7 | 2nd |  |
| **California Baptist:** | | 576–149 (.794) | 44–37 (.543) |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 1023–416 (.711) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Mike Smith
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Current position | |
| Title | Head coach |
| Team | California Baptist |
| Conference | WAC |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | San Diego, California |
| Alma mater | The Master's University |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1999–2002 | Biola |
| 2003 | UC Riverside |
| 2004–2011 | California Baptist |
| 2012–2014 | McNeese State |
| 2015–2019 | Ole Miss |
| 2022–present | California Baptist |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 1012–411 (.711) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| * NAIA National (2009) * 8× Pacific West (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011) * 2× Southland (2013, 2014) * SEC Tournament (2017) | |
| Records | |
| * CBU All-Time Winningest Coach | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tsintsila

abstract: Tsintsila is an ancient Georgian percussion instrument that represents a couple of oval plates with handholds.

text:
# Tsintsila

**Tsintsila** (Georgian: წინწილა) is an ancient Georgian percussion instrument that represents a couple of oval plates with handholds.

## History

During archeological excavations in a sepulchre near the territory of castle ("Modinakhe") a couple of plates (i.e. "Tsintsila") were found with other relics. The sepulchre is thought to date back to the 4th century A.D. The similar instruments were found during excavations near the castle of "Mtskheta", "Armazi" (eastern part of Georgia). 4 couples of plates i.e. 8 Tsintsilas were found of large and small size there. The diameter of large plates is 40 cm but the small ones' 20 cm. By their appearance, they look like usual plates. They are holed all around. That plays a great role in sound distributing. The comparison of the old and new plates showed that the Tsintsila found during the excavations in the sepulchre has a better design and sound reproducing than the simple plates used in the modern (military) orchestras that do not have girdles of sound distributing and holes of sound balancing. Tsintsila is also mentioned in many ancient works of literature, for example in Shota Rustaveli's immortal poem "Knight in the Panther's Skin". Different rattling instruments made of metal were also found there: "Lini", "Ezhvani" and "Daira with jingles".

* "Tsintsila". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21.


title: Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 9

abstract: Tsinstikeptum 9, usually referred to as Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 9, is one of two Indian Reserves of the Westbank First Nation located adjacent to West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. It and Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 10 are jointly normally referred to as the Westbank Indian Reserve. Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 9 is located six miles southwest of Kelowna proper, adjacent to McDougall Creek. The reserve is 641.80 ha in area. The southernmost portion of the reserve lies on the shores of Okanagan Lake.

text:
# Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 9

**Tsinstikeptum 9**, usually referred to as **Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 9**, is one of two Indian Reserves of the Westbank First Nation located adjacent to West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. It and Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 10 are jointly normally referred to as the Westbank Indian Reserve. Tsinstikeptum Indian Reserve No. 9 is located six miles southwest of Kelowna proper, adjacent to McDougall Creek. The reserve is 641.80 ha in area. The southernmost portion of the reserve lies on the shores of Okanagan Lake.

## Demographics

In the Canada 2011 Census, Tsinstikeptum 9 had a population of 5,882, making it Canada's second-most populous Indian reserve that is designated as a census subdivision (following Six Nations 40 in Ontario). However, the majority of Tsinstikeptum 9's residents are non-aboriginal. The total registered population of the Westbank First Nation among all five of its reserves, including off-reserve members, is only 784.

49°51′N 119°36′W / 49.850°N 119.600°W / 49.850; -119.600