title: United Capital Partners

abstract: UCP Investment Group is an independent asset management company investing in publicly traded securities and private companies with a primary focus on the Russian market. UCP’s investment portfolio includes assets in the industrial, oil & gas and infrastructure sectors, retail and consumer goods, private pension funds and internet technologies. As of August 2013, the total value of assets under management was estimated at 3.5 billion dollars.

text:
# United Capital Partners

**UCP Investment Group** is an independent asset management company investing in publicly traded securities and private companies with a primary focus on the Russian market.

UCP’s investment portfolio includes assets in the industrial, oil & gas and infrastructure sectors, retail and consumer goods, private pension funds and internet technologies. As of August 2013, the total value of assets under management was estimated at 3.5 billion dollars.

## History

UCP was established in 2006 by a group of former employees and shareholders of United Financial Group (UFG), one of the Russia’s largest investment banks, following UFG’s acquisition by Deutsche Bank. Ilya Sherbovich, the former president of UFG, was the originator of the idea to create UCP; however he only became president of UCP in September 2007 after the integration of UFG into DeutscheUFG. At that point, he also became the owner of a controlling stake in UCP.

Following Sherbovich’s move from Deutsche Bank about 20 people also left the firm to join UCP, including two managing directors of the investment banking department – Victoria Lazareva and Mikhail Trofimov.

UCP has acquired a reputation as an activist investor seeking to increase the capitalization of its portfolio companies by ensuring compliance with the rules and standards of corporate governance.

As of 2016, Ilya Sherbovish, president and managing partner, owns 77.7% of UCP Group of companies.

## Investments

### Retail and food production sectors

In April 2007, UCP acquired from Vladimir Gruzdev a 10% stake in Fashion Continent, a clothing retailer operating a chain of stores under the Incity brand. By the summer of 2010, UCP’s stake amounted to 27.75%.

UCP was a shareholder in a leading Russian juice producer Lebedyansky and owned a minority stake in its baby food manufacturing division, Progress, which was spun off from Lebedyansky prior to its sale to PepsiCo in 2008.

### Financial sector infrastructure

An investment in Russian Trading System (RTS), Russia’s leading stock exchange, was the fund’s first successful project. The holding was sold at a significant profit in 2008. In 2011-2013 UCP completed a series of acquisitions of shares in the St Petersburg Exchange.

In October 2013, UCP acquired a corporate pension fund from Norilsk Nickel. Later the pension fund was renamed ‘NPF Nasledie (Heritage)’ and UCP concluded a partnership agreement with the Alor group of companies. Alor was also appointed manager of the pension fund.

### Natural resources and infrastructure companies

As a result of three transactions with Novatek in 2007 and 2010, UCP sold three companies holding geological exploration licenses in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

In 2008, UCP acquired the diamond producer, Severalmaz. The business was sold to Alrosa at the end of 2011.

In June 2010, UCP acquired from the Integra group of companies a 100% stake in Uralmash-Drilling equipment (URBO), a producer of heavy drilling rigs. During the same year, UCP and Uralmash established a joint holding Uralmash-Drilling equipment (Uralmash NGO Holding), which included URBO and several drilling rig servicing companies. UCP increased its share in this joint venture to 85% in 2012.

In April 2014, Gazprombank and UCP (on a parity basis) became owners of Stroygazconsulting — a large oil & gas contractor.

Over several years prior to 2014, UCP built a 15.46% stake in Chelyabinsk Zink which was later increased to 26.95% as a result of significant minority stake acquisition from Aton. According to media reports, in August 2015 UCP has sold its stake which then had a market value of 8.8 bn roubles.

In 2015, UCP acquired a minority stake of 1.825% in Eurasia Drilling Company (EDC). In November 2015, controlling shareholders of the company conducted a buyout of minorities and delisted the company from the LSE. UCP and other minority shareholders considered that the buyback price was substantially below fair market value and filed a lawsuit in the Cayman courts against EDC. According to Kommersant, in July 2017 the parties signed a settlement agreement whereby the company agreed to pay a significant premium to the 2015 buyback price to UCP and other dissenting shareholders which ended the legal dispute.

### Technology

In 2010, UCP acquired 5% in Monocrystal, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of synthetic sapphire for high-tech applications in electronics, optical devices and metallization pastes for solar cells. UCP increased its stake in 2011. In 2012, UCP exited the investment by selling its stake back to the founding shareholder.

### Online Services

In April 2013, a consortium of investors led by UCP acquired a 48% stake in VK.com (VKontakte) from Vyacheslav Mirilashvili and Lev Leviev, co-founders of the social network. In August 2013, a dispute arose with Pavel Durov, another co-founder, CEO and 12% shareholder of VKontakte. UCP alleged that Durov had a conflict of interest as he had developed his own internet messenger, Telegram, using the resources of VKontakte and required him to transfer Telegram to VKontakte’s ownership. In December 2013, Durov sold his shares to Ivan Tavrin, the then CEO of MegaFon (a subsidiary of USM Holdings), and in March 2014 Tavrin sold this stake to Mail.ru Group, another subsidiary of USM Holdings. Pavel Durov stepped down as CEO of VKontakte in April 2014. In September 2014, UCP sold its stake to Mail.Ru Group for $1.4 7bn while VKontakte as a whole was valued at $2.917 bn. As a result, Mail.Ru owned 100% of the social network, while UCP was reputed to have made a profit of $470-570 mln over the 17-month period.

In December 2014, UCP invested in Russian start-up Youdo.com, an online on-demand service marketplace which matches users with independent household and business service providers. In July 2016, UCP, Flint Capital, and Sistema Venture Capital provided Youdo.com with a further $6.2M to finance geographical expansion.

### Oil transportation and oil refining

Forbes magazine previously reported that, since 2011, UCP had been accumulating preferred shares of Transneft, the Russian oil pipeline monopoly. By mid-May 2016, UCP was the largest minority shareholder of Transneft. According to Forbes, as of May 2016, controlled Transneft stake with a total value of c. $1.3 bn. Later that year, UCP became involved in a legal dispute with Transneft management. UCP were demanding equal distribution of dividends for ordinary and preferred shares, that management should stop understating the profits and a full report on the company’s derivatives transactions which had caused multibillion-dollar losses for Transneft in 2014-2015. As a result of UCP’s shareholder activism, in December 2016 Transneft adopted a dividend policy setting dividend payouts at 25% of IFRS net income, i.e. substantially higher than historical payouts. In March 2017, in line with UCP’s demands, Transneft amended its charter to guarantee equal distribution of dividends to preferred and common shareholders. In March 2017, UCP sold 1.1 mln preferred shares for c.$3 bn to a group of financial investors.

### Oil chemicals, oil refining, energy

In 2009-2011, UCP acquired a 24.99% stake in the petrochemical and oil refinery Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat. In May 2011, UCP exited the investment.

In December 2015, UCP acquired a 9.7% stake in the utilities company Inter RAO from Norilsk Nickel for $152.6 mln. In March 2016, Inter RAO bought back from UCP 1.1% of its shares. In October 2016, UCP sold the remaining 8.6% for $497 mln.

In October 2016, a consortium of investors, which included Trafigura, an international commodities trader, UCP and Essar signed a sales and purchase agreement to acquire a 49% stake in Essar Oil. Essar owns the second largest private oil refinery in India, an oil storage and port facility near the city of Vadinar, as well as a chain of more than 2,700 gas stations in India. Essar Oil was valued at $12.9 bn (including debt of $4.7 bn). Effective shares of UCP and Trafigura in EOL are 24% each. The transaction was completed in August 2017.

## Researches

In November 2018 UCP and the Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO released the Business Value Index study, covering 30 of the world's largest economies, which produce 82% of global GDP. The "business value index" was based on 19 business valuation indicators in five categories: macroeconomics, investment security, interest rates, capital availability and tax policy. Russia was in 27th place with an index of 29.26 (the closer the index value is to 100, the closer the country's indicators are to the best practices), lagging behind developed markets and the rest of the BRICS countries.

## InfoBox

UCP Investment Group
| Company type | Investment fund |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | 2006 (2006) |
| Headquarters | Moscow, Russia |
| Key people | Ilya Sherbovich (founder, president and managing partner of UCP) |
| Website | ucp.com/en/ |


abstract: United Nations General Assembly Resolution 96 of 11 December 1946, titled "The Crime of Genocide", was a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly during its first session that affirmed that genocide was a crime under international law. Prior to this resolution, acts of genocide were legally considered to be subsumed within crimes against humanity. The resolution on genocide invited the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draw up an international treaty that would oblige states to prevent and punish acts of genocide. Two years later, the General Assembly adopted the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which provided a legal definition of the crime of genocide for the first time. The treaty came into force in 1951.

text:
# United Nations General Assembly Resolution 96 (I)

**United Nations General Assembly Resolution 96** of 11 December 1946, titled "The Crime of Genocide", was a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly during its first session that affirmed that genocide was a crime under international law. Prior to this resolution, acts of genocide were legally considered to be subsumed within crimes against humanity.

The resolution on genocide invited the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draw up an international treaty that would oblige states to prevent and punish acts of genocide. Two years later, the General Assembly adopted the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which provided a legal definition of the crime of genocide for the first time. The treaty came into force in 1951.

## Further reading

* "United Nations General Assembly Resolution 96 (I): The Crime of Genocide" (PDF). *United Nations*. 11 December 1946. Retrieved 13 October 2017.

## InfoBox

| UN General Assembly<br>Resolution 96 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | December 11 1946 |
| Meeting no. | 65 |
| Code | A/RES/96 (I) (Document) |
| Subject | **Genocide** |
| Voting summary | * **53 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | adopted |


title: Gnorimoschema elbursicum

abstract: Gnorimoschema elbursicum is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1984. It is found in northern Iran. The length of the forewings is about 3.5. The forewings are ochreous with brownish marks. The hindwings are uniform white.

text:
# Gnorimoschema elbursicum

***Gnorimoschema elbursicum*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1984. It is found in northern Iran.

The length of the forewings is about 3.5. The forewings are ochreous with brownish marks. The hindwings are uniform white.

## InfoBox

| *Gnorimoschema elbursicum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Gnorimoschema* |
| Species: | ***G. elbursicum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gnorimoschema elbursicum***<br>Povolný, 1984 | |
|


title: Gnorimoschema dudiella

abstract: Gnorimoschema dudiella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1903. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and Texas. The wingspan is 15-17.2 mm. The forewings are bluish white, but so thickly overlaid with black and fuscous as to appear dark, each scale being mottled with white and black or dark fuscous. On the basal and apical one-third the light color prevails giving these parts a light pearl-gray appearance. On the middle of the cell is a short deep black perpendicular dash slightly edged with brown scales and at the end of the cell is another similar larger oblique velvety-black dash, also edged with light brown. Parallel with the dorsal edge and just within this is a row of three equidistant large tufts of erect scales. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

text:
# Gnorimoschema dudiella

***Gnorimoschema dudiella*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1903. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and Texas.

The wingspan is 15-17.2 mm. The forewings are bluish white, but so thickly overlaid with black and fuscous as to appear dark, each scale being mottled with white and black or dark fuscous. On the basal and apical one-third the light color prevails giving these parts a light pearl-gray appearance. On the middle of the cell is a short deep black perpendicular dash slightly edged with brown scales and at the end of the cell is another similar larger oblique velvety-black dash, also edged with light brown. Parallel with the dorsal edge and just within this is a row of three equidistant large tufts of erect scales. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

## InfoBox

| *Gnorimoschema dudiella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Gnorimoschema* |
| Species: | ***G. dudiella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gnorimoschema dudiella***<br>Busck, 1903 | |
|


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 1214, adopted unanimously on 8 December 1998, after recalling resolutions 1189 (1998) and 1193 (1998) concerning Afghanistan, the Council discussed the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Afghanistan and established a civil affairs unit as part of the United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan (UNSMA). The Security Council expressed concern at the escalation of the Afghan conflict due to an offensive by the Taliban, causing a threat to international peace and security, destruction to property and the displacement of large numbers of people and refugees. It was also concerned at the increasingly ethnic and religious nature of the conflict, particularly against the Shiites. The United Front of Afghanistan wished to conclude a ceasefire with the Taliban, however there was continuing violence on both sides. Any outside interference in the country had to cease immediately. The Council remained concerned at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the country and reminded all Afghan factions of their obligations under the Geneva Conventions. There was concern at the presence of terrorists in areas controlled by the Taliban, drug trafficking and discrimination against women and girls. The resolution demanded that the Taliban stopped fighting, conclude a ceasefire and resume negotiations without preconditions. The Taliban were called upon to inform the United Nations about results into an investigation into the deaths of two United Nations personnel World Food Programme and of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Jalalabad and the military adviser to UNSMA in Kabul. It also condemned the kidnapping of the Iranian consulate-general, the killing of Iranian diplomats and of a journalist in Mazar-i-Sharif. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to send a mission to investigate allegations of serious human rights violations such as massacres of prisoners of war and civilians in addition to the destruction of religious sites. It encouraged further diplomatic efforts as part of the peace process, including the "six plus two" group and the international community. Finally, the Afghan factions, particularly the Taliban, were urged to end the discrimination against girls and women, to respect human rights, to cease supporting terrorists and halt illegal drug activities. The council would consider the imposition of further measures if the Taliban continued to defy previous security council resolutions.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1214

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1214**, adopted unanimously on 8 December 1998, after recalling resolutions 1189 (1998) and 1193 (1998) concerning Afghanistan, the Council discussed the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Afghanistan and established a civil affairs unit as part of the United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan (UNSMA).

The Security Council expressed concern at the escalation of the Afghan conflict due to an offensive by the Taliban, causing a threat to international peace and security, destruction to property and the displacement of large numbers of people and refugees. It was also concerned at the increasingly ethnic and religious nature of the conflict, particularly against the Shiites. The United Front of Afghanistan wished to conclude a ceasefire with the Taliban, however there was continuing violence on both sides. Any outside interference in the country had to cease immediately.

The Council remained concerned at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the country and reminded all Afghan factions of their obligations under the Geneva Conventions. There was concern at the presence of terrorists in areas controlled by the Taliban, drug trafficking and discrimination against women and girls.

The resolution demanded that the Taliban stopped fighting, conclude a ceasefire and resume negotiations without preconditions. The Taliban were called upon to inform the United Nations about results into an investigation into the deaths of two United Nations personnel World Food Programme and of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Jalalabad and the military adviser to UNSMA in Kabul. It also condemned the kidnapping of the Iranian consulate-general, the killing of Iranian diplomats and of a journalist in Mazar-i-Sharif.

The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to send a mission to investigate allegations of serious human rights violations such as massacres of prisoners of war and civilians in addition to the destruction of religious sites. It encouraged further diplomatic efforts as part of the peace process, including the "six plus two" group and the international community. Finally, the Afghan factions, particularly the Taliban, were urged to end the discrimination against girls and women, to respect human rights, to cease supporting terrorists and halt illegal drug activities. The council would consider the imposition of further measures if the Taliban continued to defy previous security council resolutions.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1214 | |
| --- | --- |
| Taliban tank | |
| Date | 8 December 1998 |
| Meeting no. | 3,952 |
| Code | S/RES/1214 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation in Afghanistan** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract:
United Nations Security Council resolution 1218, adopted unanimously on 22 December 1998, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Cyprus, the Council addressed the peace process surrounding the Cyprus dispute and called upon both parties to co-operate with the Secretary-General. The Security Council expressed concern at the lack of progress towards an overall political settlement in Cyprus. It endorsed the initiative of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to reduce tension promote progress on the island between the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus, and commended both sides for their constructive efforts. The Secretary-General was urged to continue the objectives taking into account Resolution 1178 (1998), and to work intensively on the following issues:
  - (a) Refraining from threats or use of violence;
  - (b) To limit and reduce the presence of foreign troops on the island;
  - (c) Implementing proposals recommended by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus to reduce tensions along the Buffer Zone;
  - (d) Further progress in reducing tension;
  - (e) Making progress on substantive issues;
  - (f) Other measures to build co-operation and trust. Both parties were urged to comply with the aforementioned issues and the Secretary-General was requested to keep the Council updated on progress.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1218

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1218**, adopted unanimously on 22 December 1998, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Cyprus, the Council addressed the peace process surrounding the Cyprus dispute and called upon both parties to co-operate with the Secretary-General.

The Security Council expressed concern at the lack of progress towards an overall political settlement in Cyprus. It endorsed the initiative of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to reduce tension promote progress on the island between the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus, and commended both sides for their constructive efforts. The Secretary-General was urged to continue the objectives taking into account Resolution 1178 (1998), and to work intensively on the following issues:

(a) Refraining from threats or use of violence; (b) To limit and reduce the presence of foreign troops on the island; (c) Implementing proposals recommended by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus to reduce tensions along the Buffer Zone; (d) Further progress in reducing tension; (e) Making progress on substantive issues; (f) Other measures to build co-operation and trust.

Both parties were urged to comply with the aforementioned issues and the Secretary-General was requested to keep the Council updated on progress.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1218 | |
| --- | --- |
| Divided Cyprus | |
| Date | 22 December 1998 |
| Meeting no. | 3,959 |
| Code | S/RES/1218 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation in Cyprus** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 1219, adopted unanimously on 31 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly resolutions 1202 (1998) and 1213 (1998), the Council condemned the absence of actions to determine the fate of crew and passengers aboard United Nations Flight 806 which crashed on 26 December 1998. The Security Council expressed extreme concern at the crash of United Nations Flight 806 and at the disappearance of other aircraft over Angolan territory controlled by UNITA. It deplored the lack of co-operation in clarifying the circumstances of the incident and permitting a United Nations search and rescue mission. The Council demanded that Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA, respond immediately to appeals from the United Nations to search and rescue possible survivors of Flight 806. The flight had 14 people on board and crashed 16 miles from Huambo. The resolution continued by expressing further concern about the increasing number of vanishing aircraft over UNITA territory and condemned the lack of co-operation to determine the fate of crews and passengers involved in these incidents. UNITA in particular had to facilitate investigations into the disappearances; if there was no compliance with the current resolution by 11 January 1999, further action would be taken. Finally, all countries were reminded to comply in the implementation of sanctions against UNITA imposed in resolutions 864 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998).

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1219

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1219**, adopted unanimously on 31 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly resolutions 1202 (1998) and 1213 (1998), the Council condemned the absence of actions to determine the fate of crew and passengers aboard United Nations Flight 806 which crashed on 26 December 1998.

The Security Council expressed extreme concern at the crash of United Nations Flight 806 and at the disappearance of other aircraft over Angolan territory controlled by UNITA. It deplored the lack of co-operation in clarifying the circumstances of the incident and permitting a United Nations search and rescue mission. The Council demanded that Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA, respond immediately to appeals from the United Nations to search and rescue possible survivors of Flight 806. The flight had 14 people on board and crashed 16 miles from Huambo.

The resolution continued by expressing further concern about the increasing number of vanishing aircraft over UNITA territory and condemned the lack of co-operation to determine the fate of crews and passengers involved in these incidents. UNITA in particular had to facilitate investigations into the disappearances; if there was no compliance with the current resolution by 11 January 1999, further action would be taken.

Finally, all countries were reminded to comply in the implementation of sanctions against UNITA imposed in resolutions 864 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998).

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1219 | |
| --- | --- |
| Angola | |
| Date | 31 December 1998 |
| Meeting no. | 3,962 |
| Code | S/RES/1219 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation in Angola** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: In United Nations Security Council resolution 1133, adopted unanimously on 20 October 1997, after reaffirming all previous resolutions on the Western Sahara, but recalling Resolution 1131 (1997), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 20 April 1998. There were new agreements signed on the implementation of the United Nations Settlement Plan for Western Sahara. The Council reiterated its determination to hold a free, fair and impartial referendum on self-determination for the people of Western Sahara. It was also pleased with the co-operation of Morocco and the Polisario Front with James A. Baker III, the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General. In this regard, both parties were called upon to continue their engagement with the United Nations by fully implementing the Settlement Plan. MINURSO's mandate was extended so that it could continue with its voter identification tasks and expanded to include up to nine centres an additional 298 staff. The process was expected to be complete by 31 May 1998. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to submit a comprehensive report by 15 November 1997 with a detailed plan, timetable and financial implications of the referendum, and then every 60 days to report on implementation of the Settlement Plan.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1133

In **United Nations Security Council resolution 1133**, adopted unanimously on 20 October 1997, after reaffirming all previous resolutions on the Western Sahara, but recalling Resolution 1131 (1997), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 20 April 1998.

There were new agreements signed on the implementation of the United Nations Settlement Plan for Western Sahara. The Council reiterated its determination to hold a free, fair and impartial referendum on self-determination for the people of Western Sahara. It was also pleased with the co-operation of Morocco and the Polisario Front with James A. Baker III, the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General.

In this regard, both parties were called upon to continue their engagement with the United Nations by fully implementing the Settlement Plan. MINURSO's mandate was extended so that it could continue with its voter identification tasks and expanded to include up to nine centres an additional 298 staff. The process was expected to be complete by 31 May 1998. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to submit a comprehensive report by 15 November 1997 with a detailed plan, timetable and financial implications of the referendum, and then every 60 days to report on implementation of the Settlement Plan.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1133 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 20 October 1997 |
| Meeting no. | 3,825 |
| Code | S/RES/1133 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation concerning Western Sahara** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: Goblin Market and Other Poems

abstract: Goblin Market and Other Poems is English writer Christina Rossetti's first volume of poetry, published by Macmillan in 1862. It contains her famous poem "Goblin Market" and others such as "Up-hill", "The Convent Threshold", and "Maude Clare." It also includes the poem 'In the Round Tower at Jhansi, 8 June 1857', in which a British army officer takes his wife's life and his own so that they do not have to face death at the hands of the rebelling soldiers, commemorating the Jhokan Bagh massacre at Jhansi. Christina's brother, founding Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood member Dante Gabriel Rossetti, designed the frontispiece and title page illustrations in the first edition, as well as the minimal blue binding. Christina was aware that her brother's "commercial savvy and artistic skill" helped make her first volume of poetry a success.

text:
# Goblin Market and Other Poems

***Goblin Market and Other Poems*** is English writer Christina Rossetti's first volume of poetry, published by Macmillan in 1862. It contains her famous poem "Goblin Market" and others such as "Up-hill", "The Convent Threshold", and "Maude Clare." It also includes the poem 'In the Round Tower at Jhansi, 8 June 1857', in which a British army officer takes his wife's life and his own so that they do not have to face death at the hands of the rebelling soldiers, commemorating the Jhokan Bagh massacre at Jhansi. Christina's brother, founding Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood member Dante Gabriel Rossetti, designed the frontispiece and title page illustrations in the first edition, as well as the minimal blue binding. Christina was aware that her brother's "commercial savvy and artistic skill" helped make her first volume of poetry a success.

## Footnotes


title: United European Car Carriers

abstract: United European Car Carriers (UECC) is a Norwegian roll-on/roll-off shipping line, created in 1990 and based in Oslo, Norway. The company primarily transports cargo on short sea routes within Europe.

text:
# United European Car Carriers

**United European Car Carriers** (**UECC**) is a Norwegian roll-on/roll-off shipping line, created in 1990 and based in Oslo, Norway. The company primarily transports cargo on short sea routes within Europe.

## History

The company had its roots in Ugland-Aall Car Carriers (UACC), established in the 1970s. Johan Benad Ugland was a shareholder in the group. In 1990, its commercial operations and fleet of 19 vessels were sold (and rebranded as United European Car Carriers) to focus together with Leif Höegh & Co, on Hoegh-Ugland Autoliners ("HUAL") as a deep sea Roll-on/roll-off carrier.
From 1990, **UECC** is jointly owned by Nippon Yusen Kaisha and Wallenius Lines, in a 50-50 share agreement.

The main purpose of the acquisition was the plan to offer short sea service for Japanese automobile manufacturers that had manufacturing plants in Europe, along with improving the intra-Europe feeder network, by providing extensive connections to a number of destinations that could not be served by oceanic vessels due to physical or commercial limitations.

**UECC** was the first roll-on/roll-off line to build and deploy a liquified natural gas-powered ship. In 2016, the company took delivery of two dual fuel LNG pure car and truck carriers, *Auto Eco* and *Auto Energy*, of the 1A Super Finnish/Swedish ice class. At that time, the vessels were the largest dual fuel vessels in the world, with a capacity of 4,000 cars each.

## Operations

**UECC** has 18 vessels that call at over 25 ports every week. Its trade routes include Belgium-Germany to the Scandinavian and Baltic countries (including Russia), Mediterranean to Northern Europe (including Greece, Turkey, Italy), Spain and France to UK and Netherlands.

The main business is the domestic maritime transport and distribution of cargo such as automobiles, trucks, trailers, Mafi roll trailers, heavy construction machineries and further types of rolling freight.

The company is also active in terminal operations, controlling some of the on-shore activities, vehicles handling and storage facilities of ports such as Pasajes and Vigo in Spain, and Zeebrugge in Belgium. Aside from its headquarters in Oslo, UECC also has four other branch offices in Madrid, Setubal, Odessa and Grimsby.

## InfoBox

United European Car Carriers
|
|  |
|
| Industry | Transport |
| Founded | 1990 |
| Headquarters | Oslo, Norway |
| Number of employees | 350 |
| Website | uecc.com |


title: United Architects of the Philippines

abstract: The United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) or the Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects (IAPOA), is the professional organization for architects in the Philippines. UAP offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession in the country and improve its public image. Its headquarters is located in Quezon City.

text:
# United Architects of the Philippines

The **United Architects of the Philippines** (**UAP**) or the **Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects** (**IAPOA**), is the professional organization for architects in the Philippines. UAP offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession in the country and improve its public image. Its headquarters is located in Quezon City.

## History

The United Architects of the Philippines was formed through the merger of three architectural organization in the Philippines in 1975. These were the League of Philippine Architects (LPA), the Association of Philippine Government Architects (APGA), and the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA). Upon its registration on May 19, 1975, it became the first duly-accredited professional organization in the country. After the passage of Republic Act 9266, or the Architecture Act of 2004, UAP applied as the Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects (IAPOA) to the Professional Regulation Commission on May 19, 2014

## United Architects of the Philippines Graduate Auxiliary

The United Architects of the Philippines Graduate Auxiliary (UAPGA) is the duly recognized graduate arm of the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP). The organization has 48 chapters and an estimate of 4,000 members as of 2023.

## United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary

The United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary (UAPSA) was established in 1989 as the junior partner of UAP. It is the official student organization of UAP and has 94 member schools with over 16,000 members.

## Conflict between architects and civil engineers in the Philippines

At the end of World War II in 1945, there were approximately 300 architects and 1,800 civil engineers in the Philippines who were tasked to help rebuild the war-ravaged country. Both professions practiced under one law before June 1950, when Congress passed two laws which distinguished the works of the civil engineers from the architects. Further amendments were made in 1956 to further distinguish the two professions. From 1950s-1970s, civil engineers who desired to practice architecture in the country must take up an architecture degree and pass the licensure examination for architects.

In February 1977, President Ferdinand Marcos signed into law PD 1096, the National Building Code of the Philippines; there was nothing stated in Section 302 of the said law about signing architectural documents or which state-regulated professional shall sign and seal such documents. However, in some versions of the implementing rules and regulations of PD 1096, Section 302 appeared to state that civil engineers can sign and seal architectural documents, which is an act of illegal intercalation of or insertion into the text of Section 302. The United Architects of the Philippines, along with a House of Representative member who happens to be an architect, Rupert Gaite, led a massive campaign to fully disseminate public information on the practice of architecture in the Philippines.

In 2003, UAP entered an agreement with the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) to support each other's legislative initiative and to finally fully segregate the two practices of architects and civil engineers. The architects were to give up structural design while the civil engineers will give up architectural design.

In 2004, Republic Act No. 9266 (RA 9266) was passed. It was known as the Architecture Act of 2004. It states that the architects shall be the sole professionals with the exclusive privilege to prepare, sign and seal architectural documents. PICE contested the decision and filed a bill in Congress seeking to make civil engineers the prime professional for buildings; some architects contested this filing by actively engaging civil engineers in print media to distinguish the two professional practices.

In 2005, the AAIF led the architects in defeating the 2004 bill filed by civil engineers in the Congress. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) published thrice the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of PD 1096, the 1977 National Building Code, which states that only architects shall sign and seal architectural documents. PICE then sued the Secretary of DPWH over the matter, and UAP intervened with the case, which is now pending in the Supreme Court.

In 2007, the newly reconstituted Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture (PRBoA) commenced its active campaign against the perceived illegal practitioners of the architecture profession in the Philippines, including the civil engineers. PICE countered by suing the PRBoA Acting Chair in civil court. The Regional Trial Court of Manila favored with the architects in 2009 in the 2005 case filed by PICE against the DPWH Secretary, with UAP as the intervenor. PRBoA then fled 2 complaints at the Office of the Ombudsman (already consolidated) vs. the DPWH Secretary, 1 Senior DPWH Under Secretary, 1 DPWH Under Secretary, PICE and the publisher of a popular commercial (but intercalated) version of P.D. No. 1096 and its 2004 Revised IRR. In 2010, the PICE again sued the PRBoA Acting Chair at the Office of the Ombudsman, which was already twice dismissed by the Office of the Ombudsman.

In January 2012, the Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the PICE in the 2005 case it filed vs. the DPWH Secretary, with the UAP as Intervenor; UAP appealed the decision at the Supreme Court. In 2014 and 2015, Congress started hearing the new bills filed by both the architects and civil engineers. Based on the initial reading of the bills, the architects mainly seek to restore the portions of architectural practice (including limited structural design) lost through past legislation and to define the practice consistent with worldwide practices.

The suspended implementation of RA 9266 was deplored by the former President of the Philippine Senate, Aquilino Pimentel Jr., who states that it hampers effort to build public structures that is distinctly Filipino.

## Notable members

## InfoBox

United Architects of the Philippines
| Abbreviation | UAP, IAPOA |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | May 12, 1975 (1975-05-12) |
| Type | Professional Organization |
| Legal status | Active |
| Purpose | Architectural organization |
| Headquarters | 53 Sct. Rallos St, Diliman, Quezon City, 1103 Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Region | Philippines |
| Membership | 58,000 (2024) |
| National President | Ar. Richard M. Garcia, fuap |
| National Executive Vice President | Ar. Donato B. Magcale, fuap |
| Secretary General | Ar. Vanessa L. Ledesma, fuap |
| Immediate Past National President | Ar. Armando Eugene C. De Guzman III, fuap |
| Affiliations | International Institutions • National Section of the International Union of Architects (UIA)
• Architects Regional Council Asia (ARCASIA)
• Eastern Regional Organization of Planning and Housing (EAROPH)
• APEC Architect Central Council
Local Institutions
• Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
• Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture (PRBoA)
• Philippine Federation of Professional Organizations (PFPA)
• Council for the Built and Natural Environments (CBNE)
• Philippine Council of Associations and Association Executives (PCAAE) |
| Website | www.united-architects.org |


abstract: United Arab Republic v Sudan was the decisive match of group stage at the 1959 African Cup of Nations. The match was played at the Prince Farouk Stadium in Cairo on 29 May 1959. Unlike other Africa Cup of Nations, the 1959 winner was determined by a group stage, with three teams playing in round-robin format, instead of a knockout stage. This was the first edition to feature a final group stage and one of two, alongside the 1976 African Cup of Nations, to promote this format. Both teams had defeated Ethiopia but the goal difference was in favour of United Arab Republic, who had beaten Ethiopia 4-0 while Sudan had won 1–0. Therefore, Sudan needed to win the last match to claim the title of champions of Africa; any other result would have the United Arab Republic retain the title they had won in 1957. United Arab Republic beat Sudan 2−1, therefore keeping first place in the group and winning their second consecutive title.

text:
# United Arab Republic v Sudan (1959 African Cup of Nations)

**United Arab Republic v Sudan** was the decisive match of group stage at the 1959 African Cup of Nations. The match was played at the Prince Farouk Stadium in Cairo on 29 May 1959. Unlike other Africa Cup of Nations, the 1959 winner was determined by a group stage, with three teams playing in round-robin format, instead of a knockout stage. This was the first edition to feature a final group stage and one of two, alongside the 1976 African Cup of Nations, to promote this format.

Both teams had defeated Ethiopia but the goal difference was in favour of United Arab Republic, who had beaten Ethiopia 4-0 while Sudan had won 1–0. Therefore, Sudan needed to win the last match to claim the title of champions of Africa; any other result would have the United Arab Republic retain the title they had won (as Egypt) in 1957.

United Arab Republic beat Sudan 2−1, therefore keeping first place in the group and winning their second consecutive title.

## Background

The road to the title in the 1959 Africa Cup of Nations was unique, with a round-robin group instead of a knockout stage. The three competition teams were United Arab Republic (host country), Sudan and Ethiopia.

United Arab Republic and Sudan won their matches against Ethiopia, United Arab Republic by 4–0 to top the group, ahead of Sudan who won by 1–0.

Positions before the final round
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Arab Republic | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | +4 | 2 |
| Sudan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 2 |
| Ethiopia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 |

Source:

## Match

### Match details

| United Arab Republic | 2–1 | Sudan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Baheeg  12', 89' | Report | Manzul  65' |

Prince Farouk Stadium, CairoAttendance: 30,000Referee: Živko Bajić (Yugoslavia)

| GK  Adel Hekal  RB  Tarek Selim  CB  Yaken Hussein  CB  Rifaat El-Fanagily  LB  Taha Ismail  RM  Mimi El-Sherbini  CM  Mahmoud El-Gohary  CM  Sherif El-Far  LM  Saleh Selim  CF  Essam Baheeg  CF  Alaa El-Hamouly  **Manager:**  Pál Titkos | GK  Samir Mohammed Ali  RB  Ahmed Mutawakil Mohammed El-Bashir  CB  Hassan Mohammed Al-Abd  LB  Ibrahim Mohammed Ali 'Ibrahim El-Kabir'  RH  Abbas Al-Hedi Syam  LH  Suleiman Difalla Al-Mahina  OR  Mahmoud Abd Zoubeir  IR  Boraî Bashir  CF  Mutalib Abdel-Nasser 'Drissa'  IL  Siddiq Manzul  OL  Abdullah Wahaga  **Manager:**  József Háda |
| --- | --- |

## Aftermath

Final positions
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Arab Republic | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 4 |
| Sudan | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Ethiopia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 |

Source:

## InfoBox

1959 African Cup of Nations Final
| Event | 1959 African Cup of Nations |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 29 May 1959 |
| Venue | Prince Farouk Stadium, Cairo |
| Referee | Zivko Bajic (Yugoslavia) |
| Attendance | 30,000 |
|


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 521, adopted unanimously on 19 September 1982, after condemning the massacre of Palestinians in Beirut, Lebanon, by the Lebanese Forces militia group, the Council reaffirmed resolutions 512 (1982) and 513 (1982) which called for respect for the rights of the civilian population without any discrimination and repudiates all acts of violence against that population. The resolution continued by authorising the Secretary-General to increase the number of United Nations observers in and around Beirut from 10 to 50 and insists that there shall be no interference with the deployment of the observers and that they shall full freedom of movement. It also requested the Secretary-General to, as a matter of urgency, initiate appropriate consultations and in particular consultations with the Government of Lebanon on additional steps which the Council might take, including the possible deployment of United Nations forces, to assist that Government in ensuring full protection for the civilian population in and around Beirut. Finally, Resolution 521 reminded Member States to accept and carry out resolutions by the Council under Article 25 of the Charter of the United Nations and requested the Secretary-General to report to the Council within forty-eight hours on developments in the region.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 521

**United Nations Security Council resolution 521**, adopted unanimously on 19 September 1982, after condemning the massacre of Palestinians in Beirut, Lebanon, by the Lebanese Forces militia group, the Council reaffirmed resolutions 512 (1982) and 513 (1982) which called for respect for the rights of the civilian population without any discrimination and repudiates all acts of violence against that population.

The resolution continued by authorising the Secretary-General to increase the number of United Nations observers in and around Beirut from 10 to 50 and insists that there shall be no interference with the deployment of the observers and that they shall full freedom of movement. It also requested the Secretary-General to, as a matter of urgency, initiate appropriate consultations and in particular consultations with the Government of Lebanon on additional steps which the Council might take, including the possible deployment of United Nations forces, to assist that Government in ensuring full protection for the civilian population in and around Beirut.

Finally, Resolution 521 reminded Member States to accept and carry out resolutions by the Council under Article 25 of the Charter of the United Nations and requested the Secretary-General to report to the Council within forty-eight hours on developments in the region.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 521 | |
| --- | --- |
| Lebanese Army in Beirut (1982) | |
| Date | 19 September 1982 |
| Meeting no. | 2,396 |
| Code | S/RES/521 (Document) |
| Subject | **Israel–Lebanon** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 525, adopted unanimously on 7 December 1982, after hearing of the death sentences on Anthony Tsotsobe, Johannes Shabangu and David Moise, the Council expressed its concern at the sentences passed by the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa, in addition to those of Ncimbithi Johnson Lubisi, Petrus Tsepo Mashigo and Naphtali Manana, members of the African National Congress. The resolution called on the South African authorities to commute the sentences, and to all other Member States to use their influence to save the lives of the six men.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 525

**United Nations Security Council resolution 525**, adopted unanimously on 7 December 1982, after hearing of the death sentences on Anthony Tsotsobe, Johannes Shabangu and David Moise, the Council expressed its concern at the sentences passed by the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa, in addition to those of Ncimbithi Johnson Lubisi, Petrus Tsepo Mashigo and Naphtali Manana, members of the African National Congress.

The resolution called on the South African authorities to commute the sentences, and to all other Member States to use their influence to save the lives of the six men.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 525 | |
| --- | --- |
| Apartheid-era sign (1989) | |
| Date | 7 December 1982 |
| Meeting no. | 2,404 |
| Code | S/RES/525 (Document) |
| Subject | **South Africa** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: The United States Post Office in Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania is an historic, American post office building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

text:
# United States Post Office (Lancaster, Pennsylvania)

The **United States Post Office** in Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania is an historic, American post office building.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

## History and architectural features

Built between 1928 and 1930, this historic structure was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under Acting Supervising Architect James A. Wetmore. It is a two-story, fifteen-bay-wide building with a high basement and attic and a slate-covered mansard roof. It is faced in Indiana limestone and features a balustrade and parapet at the roofline. It has a one-story rear wing. The front elevation has eleven bays separated by two-story, Tuscan order pilasters. It is an example of Beaux-Arts-style architecture with Moderne influences. The site was previously the location of the Lancasterian School and a Moravian graveyard. The building is now a corporate headquarters for Auntie Anne's.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| United States Post Office, Lancaster, Pennsylvania | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Old Post Office, April 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 50 W. Chestnut St.,<br>Lancaster, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°2′26″N 76°18′28″W / 40.04056°N 76.30778°W / 40.04056; -76.30778 |
| Area | 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) |
| Built | 1928–1930 |
| Architect | Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, Algernon Blair |
| Architectural style | Moderne, Beaux Arts Classicism |
| NRHP reference No. | 81000545 |
| Added to NRHP | July 23, 1981 |


title: Mohmad Shaid Mohd Taufek

abstract: Datuk Mohmad Shaid bin Mohd Taufek is a Malaysian public servant who served as the 6th Mayor of Kuala Lumpur.

text:
# Mohmad Shaid Mohd Taufek

Datuk **Mohmad Shaid bin Mohd Taufek** (born 16 July 1947) is a Malaysian public servant who served as the 6th Mayor of Kuala Lumpur.

## Honours

## InfoBox

| Yang Berbahagia DatukMohmad Shaid Mohd TaufekPJN | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 6th Mayor of Kuala Lumpur | |
| **In office**
14 December 2001  12 December 2003 | |
| Preceded by | Kamaruzzaman Shariff |
| Succeeded by | Ruslin Hasan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-07-16) 16 July 1947
Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malayan Union |
|  | |


title: Mohmand Rifles

abstract: The Mohmand Rifles is a paramilitary regiment forming part of the Frontier Corps Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North) in Pakistan. The name alludes to the Mohmand tribe and the Mohmand Agency. The regiment had a 2020/21 budget of Rs. 2.1 billion and is composed of a headquarters wing with seven battalion-sized manoeuvre wings.

text:
# Mohmand Rifles

The **Mohmand Rifles** is a paramilitary regiment forming part of the Frontier Corps Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North) in Pakistan. The name alludes to the Mohmand tribe and the Mohmand Agency. The regiment had a 2020/21 budget of Rs.2.1 billion and is composed of a headquarters wing with seven battalion-sized manoeuvre wings.

## History

The regiment was raised in 1973. It maintained a low profile in its early years with only one incident in 1986, when one of its personnel was killed by firing from Afghanistan. By 1999 it was reported to have 2,330 personnel.

In the 21st century the regiment has been involved in combatting the insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. However, it has had some negative consequences. The conduct of the regiment has been the subject of criticism from locals, for example by a tribal assembly in 2005. On 10 June 2008, several members of the regiment were killed at a border checkpoint in the Gora Prai airstrike by the United States military. In December 2008 three of its soldiers were among five dead after a bombing incident in the town of Shabqadar. Nonetheless, by 2010 the regiment claimed to have pushed the militants back and secured control of the majority of the Mohmand Agency.

The Rifles have also long been involved in anti-drug smuggling operations, although not always successfully. In 2011–2012, the unit received a number of drug testing kits, through a United Nations programme, to assist in their work against drug smuggling.

## Role in Operation Brekhna

The Mohmand Rifles played a pivotal role in the counter-insurgency operation codenamed as Operation Brekhna. The operation was part of larger campaign of Pakistan Armed Forces to flush out militants from North-West regions of Pakistan. The operation was meant to free Mohmand Agency from the clutches of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and its allies who had held swath of territories of Mohmand since 2004 to 2009. Besides, Mohmand had also served as a sanctuary for the militants of Al-Qaeda and Afghan Taliban who turned Mohmand Agency into a safe haven after fleeing US onslaught in Afghanistan in an aftermath of US invasion of Afghanistan. Mohmand Rifles hunted various Islamist militants belonging to different terrorist entities as part of Pakistan's commitment against global war on terrorism as a key Non-NATO ally of USA and as part of Pakistan's War on Terror. Mohmand Rifles with support from the Pakistan Army was able to recapture lost territories till 2012 by engaging in a bloody campaign against TTP and its Islamist allies.

## Role

The Mohmand Rifles serves as the first line of defence as militia is responsible for the border patrols of Mohmand portion of Afghanistan-Pakistan border that cuts through Mohmand District on Pakistani side whereas Kunar province on Afghanistan side. Additionally, the Mohmand Rifles provides security to the key installations located across the Mohmand such as tunnels, dams, and military installations, such as Mohmand Dam and Nahqi Tunnel. Since the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Mohmand Rifles has played a frontline role against terrorism. The force also assists local Law Enforcement Agencies in the maintenance of law and order across the region.

Some of the following are primary responsibilities of the Rifles:-

* Border Patrolling.
* Assist Army/FCNA in the defense of the country as and when required.
* Protect important communication centers and routes.
* Undertake counter militancy/criminal/terrorism operations on orders.
* Assist law enforcement agencies in maintenance of law and order.
* Safeguard important sites and assets

During times of extraordinary law and order crises, the government occasionally grants power to the Mohmand Rifles to arrest and detain a criminals.

## Units

## InfoBox

| Mohmand Rifles | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | October 1973 |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Branch | Civil Armed Forces |
| Size | 7 wings |
| Part of | Frontier Corps Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North) |
| Regimental centre | Yusuf Khel |
| Engagements | Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |


title: Union des producteurs agricoles

abstract: The Union des producteurs agricoles (UPA) is an agricultural trade union representing producers in the Canadian province of Quebec. Originally a Catholic union called the Union catholique des cultivateurs (UCC), it shed its denominational character as a result of the Quiet Revolution and has existed in its current form since 1972. Rural electrification was one of the union's foremost goals in its early years. It also fought for agricultural credit and collective contracts. Since 1972, the UPA has been accredited as the only official farmer's union in Quebec, effectively creating a monopoly over Quebec's agricultural organization, with compulsory membership to a single recognized agricultural union. A 2008 report to the Quebec cabinet recommended changing this system and offering producers a free affiliation vote every five years. UPA president Christian Lacasse rejected this proposal, saying that Quebec does not have enough farmers for several different organizations. He also noted that ninety-four per cent of Quebec farmers belong to the organization. The UPA and the Ontario Federation of Agriculture both supported the Quebec-Ontario Trade and Cooperation Agreement of 2009. As of 2010, the union represents forty-three thousand agricultural producers in Quebec. A 2015 Maclean's article, "Why the dairy lobby is so powerful", described an incident during the September 28, 2015 federal leaders Munk Debate on foreign affairs, then-NDP Leader Tom Mulcair asked Stephen Harper if they could assure the Union des producteurs agricoles du Québec (UPA) President Marcel Groleau, reached out to the New Democrats, Liberals and Bloc Québécois, of his full support for supply management. Harper immediately complied.

text:
# Union des producteurs agricoles

The **Union des producteurs agricoles** (UPA) is an agricultural trade union representing producers in the Canadian province of Quebec. Originally a Catholic union called the *Union catholique des cultivateurs* (UCC), it shed its denominational character as a result of the Quiet Revolution and has existed in its current form since 1972.

Rural electrification was one of the union's foremost goals in its early years (it is estimated that only ten per cent of Quebec farms had electricity in 1930). It also fought for agricultural credit and collective contracts. Since 1972, the UPA has been accredited as the only official farmer's union in Quebec, effectively creating a monopoly over Quebec's agricultural organization, with compulsory membership to a single recognized agricultural union. A 2008 report to the Quebec cabinet recommended changing this system and offering producers a free affiliation vote every five years. UPA president Christian Lacasse rejected this proposal, saying that Quebec does not have enough farmers for several different organizations. He also noted that ninety-four per cent of Quebec farmers belong to the organization.

The UPA and the Ontario Federation of Agriculture both supported the Quebec-Ontario Trade and Cooperation Agreement of 2009.

As of 2010, the union represents forty-three thousand agricultural producers in Quebec.

A 2015 *Maclean's* article, "Why the dairy lobby is so powerful", described an incident during the September 28, 2015 federal leaders Munk Debate on foreign affairs, then-NDP Leader Tom Mulcair asked Stephen Harper if they could assure the Union des producteurs agricoles du Québec (UPA) President Marcel Groleau, reached out to the New Democrats, Liberals and Bloc Québécois, of his full support for supply management. Harper immediately complied.

## Criticism

In his chapter on supply management in his on-line political memoir, Maxime Bernier groups together supporters of supply-managed sectors under a combined dairy lobby. Bernier describes the UPA as an "extension" of Québec's Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Bernier wrote that the combined dairy lobby funds millions of dollars in university graduate programs and research on "collective marketing of agricultural products" across the country in support of SM policies.


title: Monagas S.C.

abstract: Monagas Sport Club is a Venezuelan professional football team competing at the top level, the Primera División Venezolana. It is based in Maturín. Their home stadium is the Estadio Monumental de Maturín. The club received the nickname of “Los Guerreros del Guarapiche”, because of the never giving up mentality of its players and the name of the river which crosses the city where the team has its headquarters.

text:
# Monagas S.C.

**Monagas Sport Club** is a Venezuelan professional football team competing at the top level, the Primera División Venezolana. It is based in Maturín. Their home stadium is the Estadio Monumental de Maturín. The club received the nickname of “*Los Guerreros del Guarapiche*” (The Warriors from the Guarapiche), because of the never giving up mentality of its players and the name of the river (River Guarapiche) which crosses the city where the team has its headquarters.

## History

Monagas Sport Club was founded on 23 September 1987 by Joaquín (Fariñas) da Silva, Ramón Ramírez, Enrique Polo, Rubén León, Francisco "Paco" Espinoza and Luis Enrique Rodríguez. Its first official match was against "Unión Deportivo Puerto la Cruz" on 22 May 1988; however the club had had friendly matches against the teams "Atlético Cumaná”, “Cachorros del Tigrito” and “Mariscales de Sucre”. The team started as a second division team and its first official league game, which it won with a final score of 4–0, was against the "Unión Deportivo Puerto La Cruz".

The team participated in the Venezuelan second division until 1990 when the club was promoted to the first division. Since then Monagas Sport Club have tried to remain in this division.

### Crisis in the season 2006–07

Monagas Sport Club obtained awful results in the season 2006–2007 of Venezuela's first division. As the consequence of this bad patch three previous coaches (Franco Fasciana, Del Valle Rojas and Bernardo Redín) had led the club before the arrival of Alí Cañas. Some football players resigned to the team before the conclusion of the tournament and Ramón Caballero, president of the club, gave up.

Monagas Sport Club finished in the relegation places at the end of the season, but the club won a reprieve when the Primera División Venezolana decided to expand from 10 to 18 teams, thus allowing the two teams in the relegation places to remain in the league.

### 2017

In 2017, Monagas participated in the Primera División and qualified to the knockout stage of the Torneo Apertura, finishing 6th in the regular season. In the quarter-finals, they defeated Zamora 6–2 on aggregate and went on to the semi-finals, where they defeated Carabobo on away goals after a 1–1 draw on aggregate. In the final, Monagas faced Caracas. The first leg was played at Maturín on 25 June, with a 1–0 win for the home side. On the second leg in Caracas on 2 July, Monagas lost 2–1, but won on away goals (2–2 on aggregate), securing Monagas' first title in short tournaments and their first qualification to the Copa Libertadores. Later, on the Serie Final, against Torneo Clausura champions Deportivo Lara, Monagas lost the first leg in Maturín on 13 December, 1–0, but won the second leg in Cabudare on 17 December, 2–0, becoming the Venezuelan champions for the first time, winning the Serie Final 2–1 on aggregate.

## Stadium

The Estadio Monumental de Maturín is a football stadium located in the city of Maturin, Monagas state. It is the biggest stadium in Venezuela with a capacity of 51,796 spectators. It is competing for the football matches that Monagas Sport Club home game. It was built to host the Copa America Venezuela 2007.

*El Monumental* was inaugurated on June 24, 2007, where they were the opening game between the Monagas Sport Club and Zamora Fútbol Club home team winning 2–0 with goals from Edder Farías.

Monagas Sport Club played from 1987 to 2007 at Estadio Alexander Botinni in Maturín.

*La Lotería de Oriente* (a public lottery from Maturín) is the main sponsor of Monagas Sport Club. For last years the president of the lottery, Willy Farías, has been in charge of the presidency of the club.

## Controversy over the uniform, the logo and the name of the club

The colors of the Monagas Sport Club's uniform are blue and maroon. The uniform and crest are largely based on those of FC Barcelona. These colors were proposed by Francisco "Paco" Espinoza, a former vice-president of the club, in 1988. In 2006 Ramón Caballero, the former president of the team, and other members of the board of directors suggested the colors of the uniform, the logo and the name of the club should be changed. According to them, the uniform and crest should not copy a foreign club and the name of the team should be written in Spanish. Many supporters of Monagas Sport Club are opposed to this idea as they consider the red and maroon colors, crest and current name to be a part of the club's identity.

## Honours

* **Torneo Apertura**: **1** (2017)
* **Torneo Clausura**: **0**

## Performance in CONMEBOL competitions

2018: Group stage 2023: Group stage 2002: Second stage 2003: Preliminary round 2012: First stage 2019: First stage

## Players

### Current first team squad

*As of 20 February 2024*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  VEN Jesús Cabrera  2 DF  PAR Richard Cabrera  3 DF  PAR Marcos Acosta  6 MF  VEN Richard Iriarte  7 FW  VEN Fernando Basante  9 FW  PAN Tomás Rodríguez  10 FW  VEN Edanyilber Navas  11 MF  VEN Jacobo Kouffati  13 DF  VEN Henri Pernía  14 DF  VEN Christopher Rodríguez  16 MF  VEN Édgar Carrión  18 MF  VEN Jeferson Caraballo  19 DF  VEN Oscar González | No. Pos. Nation Player  20 MF  PAN José Murillo  22 DF  VEN José Velásquez  23 FW  VEN Santiago Herrera  25 GK  ARG Brian Olivera  26 MF  VEN Dhylan Castillo  30 MF  VEN Alejandro Gonçalves  32 DF  VEN David Guevara  33 DF  VEN Yulwuis Pérez  38 MF  VEN Saúl Asibe  39 FW  VEN Ronald Rodríguez  98 MF  VEN Freyn Figueroa  GK  VEN Eduardo Herrera |
| --- | --- |

## Presidents and managers

### Presidential history

Monagas Sport Club has had numerous presidents over the course of its history, some of whom have been owners of the club while others have been honorary presidents. Here is a complete list of them.

|  | Name Years  Rubén León 1988–92  Rumualdo Romero 1993–95  Jesús Salgado 1995–96  Rafael Castellín Osuna 1997  *no assigned* 1998–99  Claudio González 2000–01  Roicis Pérez 2001–03  Antonio Del Moral 2003–04  Antonio Nuñez 2004  Manuel Villalba 2005  Ramón Caballero 2005–06  Nelson Núñez 2006–07  Willy Farias 2007–present |
| --- | --- |

### Managerial history

Below is a list of Monagas SC coaches from 1987 until the present day.

|  | Name Nationality Years  Joaquín "Fariñas" da Silva  1987  Alexander "Titi"    Gilberto Viana  1990  Bejuma    Victor Pignanelli  1992  Luís Fernández    Antonio Mejías    Radamel García    Manuel Contreras  2001  Eduardo Borrero  2001–02  Luís Mendoza  2003  Daniel Lanata  2003  Alí Cañas  2003–05  Franco Fasciana  2005  Eduardo Borrero   2005–06  Franco Fasciana  2006  Del Valle Rojas  2006  Bernardo Redín  2006–07  Alí Cañas  2007  Dario Martinez  2008  Horacio Matuszyck  2008  Manuel Plasencia   2008–09  Alí Cañas  2010–11  Eduardo Borrero   March 30, 2011– |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Monagas SC
| Full name | Monagas Sport Club |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | *Guerreros de Guarapiche*
*Los Guerreros Chaima*
*Los Azulgranas* |
| Founded | September 23, 1987 (1987-09-23) |
| Ground | Estadio Monumental de Maturín |
| Capacity | 51,796 |
| Chairman | Nicolás Fernández |
| Manager | Tony Franco |
| League | Primera División |
| 2023 | Primera División, 11th of 15 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Henry Mugliston

abstract: Henry Boyes Mugliston was an Australian politician. Mugliston was elected in 1886 to the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the seat of Brighton. He served until his defeat in 1891. He died in 1914 in London.

text:
# Henry Mugliston

**Henry Boyes Mugliston** (1848/1849 – 24 June 1914) was an Australian politician.

Mugliston was elected in 1886 to the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the seat of Brighton. He served until his defeat in 1891. He died in 1914 in London.

## InfoBox

| Henry Mugliston | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly for Brighton | |
| **In office**
26 July 1886  May 1891 | |
| Preceded by | Alfred Lord |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Dillon |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Henry Boyes Mugliston
1848 or 1849 |
| Died | (aged 65)
London, England |
|  | |


title: Mordella variesignata

abstract: Mordella variesignata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1936.

text:
# Mordella variesignata

***Mordella variesignata*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1936.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella variesignata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. variesignata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella variesignata***<br>Píc, 1936 | |
|


title: Álvaro García Rodríguez

abstract: Álvaro García Rodríguez is a Uruguayan politician.

text:
# Álvaro García Rodríguez

**Álvaro García Rodríguez** (born 19 September 1961) is a Uruguayan politician.

## Background

He has a professional background in both private and public sector appointments in finance and planning.

García also taught at two Uruguayan universities for a number of years.

He is a member of the Uruguayan Socialist Party.

## Political role

He was Minister of Economy and Finance in the Frente Amplio Government of President of Uruguay Tabaré Vázquez, having taken office on 18 September 2008.

When García came to office, it was thought likely that he would follow broadly the policies of his predecessor, Danilo Astori.

As of 1 March 2015, President Tabaré Vázquez appointed him as head of the Office of Planning and Budget.

## InfoBox

| Álvaro García | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister of Economy and Finance of Uruguay | |
| **In office**
18 September 2008  1 March 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Danilo Astori |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Lorenzo |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-09-19) 19 September 1961
Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Political party | Broad Front |
| Alma mater | University of the Republic |
| Profession | Accountant and economist |
|  | |


title: John Towner

abstract: John William Towner was an Australian rules footballer who played 87 senior games for the Essendon Football Club from 1953 to 1959.

text:
# John Towner

**John William Towner** (19 November 1933 – 19 January 2023) was an Australian rules footballer who played 87 senior games for the Essendon Football Club from 1953 to 1959.

## Career

Recruited from the Ascot Vale Football Club, Towner made his debut for Essendon Firsts as a reserve in the second home-and-away round match against South Melbourne at the Lake Oval on 2 May 1953. In his first year, he played 11 senior matches, including the Firsts Semi-Final team that lost 5.11 (41) to Footscray's 6.13 (49).

He played 16 senior games in 1954, a single game in 1955, 10 games in 1956 (plus 1 night game), 16 games in 1957 (plus 1 night game) — he played on the half-back flank in the losing Essendon Grand Final team of 1957 — 16 games in 1958 (plus 2 night games), and 17 games in 1959.

His game at full-back for the Essendon 1959 Grand Final team, which was beaten by Melbourne 17.13 (115) to 11.12 (78), was his last game for Essendon.

Well-liked at Essendon (he was chosen as *Best Clubman* in 1957 and 1959), he left Essendon due to an employment transfer to Western Australia.

He played at full-back with West Perth for three years (1960–1962).

He later moved to Queensland and was captain-coach of Surfers Paradise Football Club in 1965.

## Forward to back-line

In 1953 and 1954 Towner played on the forward line. With a lot of pace across the ground, and strong in the air, he was tried at full-forward as a replacement for the injured John Coleman in 1954; however, once at full-forward, he demonstrated that he was not a very accurate kick (he kicked 23 goals in 9 matches).

Once he was switched to defence, he was highly successful, initially on the half-back flank and, later in his career at Essendon, as the team's regular full-back.

As a full-back, much of his game was centred on his ability to judge and understand the manner in which his full-forward opponent went for the ball; and much of his value to Essendon was his ability to consistently punch the ball out of the hands of a full-forward attempting to mark over his head.

In particular, he always had "the wood" over South Melbourne's Brownlow Medallist Fred Goldsmith, holding him goal-less on several occasions; and it was enthralling as a spectator, to see the tussle between the two — in particular, to see the highly skilled full-back-turned-full-forward Goldsmith getting more and more frustrated each time that the fist of the highly skilled full-forward-turned-full-back Towner came between his own outstretched hands and, yet again, punched the ball 20 metres towards the Essendon goals.

1. 1953 VFL season#First Semi-Final
2. Maplestone (1996), p.538. Also, it is important to note that Towner (and Essendon) played a night football match despite playing in the 1957 Grand Final; 1957 was the only year of the night football competition that all 12 teams were competing — in all other years (1956 and 1958–1971), the competition was only for the teams that finished 5th to 12th on the ladder at the end of the season (Maplestone (1996), p.182).1957 VFL season#Night Series Competition
* Maplestone, M., *Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872–1996*, Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. ISBN 0-9591740-2-8
* Ross, J. (ed), *100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported*, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. ISBN 0-670-86814-0

## InfoBox

| John Towner | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | John William Towner | | |
| Date of birth | (1933-11-19)19 November 1933 | | |
| Date of death | 19 January 2023(2023-01-19) (aged 89) | | |
| Original team(s) | Ascot Vale | | |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 75 kg (165 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1953–1959 | Essendon | 87 (36) |
| 1960–1962 | West Perth | 35 (10) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1962. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
| * Essendon best clubman: 1957, 1959 | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Estádio da Graça

abstract: Estádio Leonardo Vinagre da Silveira, commonly known as Estádio da Graça, is an association football stadium located in Cruz das Armas neighborhood, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

text:
# Estádio da Graça

**Estádio Leonardo Vinagre da Silveira**, commonly known as **Estádio da Graça**, is an association football stadium located in Cruz das Armas neighborhood, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

## History

The first game at the stadium was played during his inauguration, on January 9, 1944, when Dolaport and Santa Cruz drew 2-2. The first goal of the stadium was scored by Dolaport's Odilon, during the 17th minute of the game.

During the April 14, 2002 Campeonato do Nordeste game between Botafogo-PB and Sport, the stadium reached its highest attendance ever: approximately seven thousand people watched the game.

On July 7, 2008, the stadium's most ambitious reformation started, with the purpose to adequate it to FIFA's and Supporter's Statute's regulations. The stadium area was expanded from 1,419 m2 to 2,118 m2. The works were concluded on March 27, 2010, costing approximately R$3,5 million.

## Structure

After the reformation, the stadium was upgraded with three sets of covered bleachers, supporting approximately 5,000 seated people, a luxury box, two bars and six bathroom areas. The field was improved with a new type of grass and a new floodlight system. The locker room for athletes and referees was improved. It has six cabins for the news media.

## InfoBox

Estádio Leonardo Vinagre da Silveira
| Estádio da Graça | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil |
| Owner | João Pessoa City Hall |
| Capacity | 6,000 |
| Field size | 100 x 64m |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Opened | January 9, 1944 |
| Renovated | 2008-2010 |
| Tenants | |
| Flamengo Paraibano
Miramar Esporte Clube | |


title: Miraflores Airport

abstract: Miraflores Airport is an airport serving the town of Miraflores, in the Guaviare Department of Colombia. The runway and town are on the east bank of the Vaupés River, a tributary of the Rio Negro River.

text:
# Miraflores Airport

**Miraflores Airport** (IATA: **MFS**, ICAO: **SKMF**) is an airport serving the town of Miraflores, in the Guaviare Department of Colombia. The runway and town are on the east bank of the Vaupés River, a tributary of the Rio Negro River.

## InfoBox

| Miraflores Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Miraflores, Colombia |
| Elevation AMSL | 700 ft / 213 m |
| Coordinates | 1°20′10″N 71°57′10″W / 1.33611°N 71.95278°W / 1.33611; -71.95278 |
| Map | |
| **MFS**Location of the airport in Colombia | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  02/20 1,250 4,101 Dirt | |
| Sources: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Thiruvidaimarudur block

abstract: The Thiruvidaimarudur block is a revenue block in the Thiruvidaimarudur taluk of the Thanjavur district in Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 48 panchayat villages.

text:
# Thiruvidaimarudur block

The **Thiruvidaimarudur block** is a revenue block in the Thiruvidaimarudur taluk of the Thanjavur district in Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 48 panchayat villages.

## List of panchayat villages

| SI.No | Panchayat Village |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Ammangudi |
| 2 | Andalampettai |
| 3 | Avaniyapuram |
| 4 | Elandurai |
| 5 | Enanallur |
| 6 | Govindapuram |
| 7 | Injikollai |
| 8 | Keeranur |
| 9 | Koohur |
| 10 | Kothankudi |
| 11 | Kovanur |
| 12 | Krishnapuram |
| 13 | Malayappanallur |
| 14 | Mallapuram |
| 15 | Mangudi |
| 16 | Manjamalli |
| 17 | Mathur |
| 18 | Melaiyur |
| 19 | Nachiarkoil |
| 20 | Nagarasampettai |
| 21 | Narasinganpettai |
| 22 | Paruthicheri |
| 23 | Paruthikudi |
| 24 | Perappadi |
| 25 | Poundarigapuram |
| 26 | Puthagaram |
| 27 | S.pudur |
| 28 | Sathanur |
| 29 | Sembiavarambal |
| 30 | Semmangudi |
| 31 | Sooriyanarkoil |
| 32 | Srinivasanallur |
| 33 | Thandalam |
| 34 | Thendanthottam |
| 35 | Thepperamanallur |
| 36 | Thirucherai |
| 37 | Thirumangalakudi |
| 38 | Thirunaraiyur |
| 39 | Thiruneelagudi |
| 40 | Thiruppandurai |
| 41 | Thiruvisanallur |
| 42 | Thukkatchi |
| 43 | Vanduvancheri |
| 44 | Vannakkudi |
| 45 | Vilankudi |
| 46 | Villiyavarambal |
| 47 | Visalur |
| 48 | Vittalur |

* "Thiruvidaimarudur block". Government of Tamil Nadu.


title: James Rodd (Australian politician)

abstract: James Rodd was an English-born Australian politician.

text:
# James Rodd (Australian politician)

**James Rodd** (1830  31 March 1900) was an English-born Australian politician.

## Early life

He was born at Rayleigh in Essex to James Rodd and Ann Alabaster. He migrated to Sydney in 1857 and went to the goldfields at Braidwood, where he opened a store. On 11 June 1861 he married Jane Gregson, with whom he had a son; both mother and son died soon after birth. He remarried Ellen Alicia Madden on 23 September 1871. In 1866 he was appointed a magistrate.

## Politics

He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Goldfields South in 1865. In 1867 a Royal Commission was appointed to enquire into crime in the Braidwood district, in reference to the crimes of the bushrangers the Clarke brothers, and whether police and magistrates had been diligent in seeking to apprehend them. Rodd's electorate included the Braidwood goldfields and he gave evidence before the commission which was critical of magistrate Rowland Hassall. The commissioners reported that Hassall "has refrained from taking any open or active part against the bushrangers or their associates, to preserve himself and his property from outrage and depredation. He has throughout evaded his duty as a Magistrate, by systematically abstaining from adjudicating, or in any way taking part in cases against such offenders or their connections". Hassall subsequently sued Rodd for slander in relation to his evidence before the royal commission. The case was prosecuted by the current and 2 former Attorneys General, Sir William Manning QC, John Darvall QC and Sir James Martin QC. Rodd was represented by Henry Stephen and Edward Butler, instructed by Joseph Leary, in successfully defending the case in a trial lasting 15 days. Rodd incurred costs of £1,947 9s 3d, recovering £1,171 0s 5d from Hassall. In 1871 he sought that the government pay the balance of £755 6s, which was initially refused, however the parliament authorised the expenditure in January 1873.

He did not contest the 1869 election. In 1872 he unsuccessfully stood for The Nepean, before being elected for Goldfields North. He was bankrupted in 1874 and forced to resign.

By 1880 he was working in Sydney as an auctioneer.

Rodd died in 1900 (aged 6970).


title: James W. Nichol

abstract: James W. Nichol is a Canadian playwright and novelist. His first novel, Midnight Cab, won the Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel, and was shortlisted for the CWA Gold Dagger. He was also short-listed for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best Novel in 2009. He was the vice-president of Playwrights Canada and was playwright-in-residence at the National Art Centre.

text:
# James W. Nichol

**James W. Nichol** (born 1940 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian playwright and novelist. His first novel, *Midnight Cab*, won the Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel, and was shortlisted for the CWA Gold Dagger. He was also short-listed for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best Novel in 2009. He was the vice-president of Playwrights Canada and was playwright-in-residence at the National Art Centre.

## Novels

* *Midnight Cab* (2002)
* *Death Spiral* (2013)
* *Transgression* (2013)

## Plays

* *Tub* (1969)
* *Sweet Home Sweet* (1972)
* *The Book of Solomon Spring* (1972)
* *Gwendoline* (1978)
* *Child* (1979)
* *Sonny* (1982)
* *Relative Strangers* (1983)
* *When I Wake* (1984)
* *The Three True Loves of Jasmine Hoover* (1986)
* *The Stone Angel* (adapted from Margaret Laurence's *The Stone Angel*) (1995)
* *Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde: A Love Story* (1995–1996)

## Personal life

Nichol lives in Stratford, Ontario, Canada.


title: James W. Mott

abstract: James Wheaton Mott was a U.S. Representative from Oregon. A graduate of Columbia University and Willamette University's law school, he worked as a newspaper reporter, city attorney, and was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives.

text:
# James W. Mott

**James Wheaton Mott** (November 12, 1883 – November 12, 1945) was a U.S. Representative from Oregon. A graduate of Columbia University and Willamette University's law school, he worked as a newspaper reporter, city attorney, and was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives.

## Early life

Born near New Washington, Pennsylvania, Mott moved with his parents to Salem, Oregon, in 1890. There he attended the public schools, and then the University of Oregon in Eugene, Stanford University in California, and finally Columbia University in New York City where he graduated in 1909. Mott then worked as a newspaper reporter in New York City, San Francisco, California, and Salem between 1909 and 1917. In Salem he graduated from Willamette University College of Law in 1917 with a law degree. He was admitted to the bar in the same year and commenced practice in Astoria, Oregon.

During World War I, Mott served as a seaman first class in the United States Navy. After the war he returned to Astoria, where he worked as the city attorney from 1920 to 1922. In 1919, he married Ethel Lucile Walling, and they had three daughters together.

## Politics

Mott was elected to and served as member of the Oregon House of Representatives from 1922 to 1928, and again from 1930 to 1932. Between stints in the House, he moved to Salem in 1929. While in the legislature, he worked as the Corporation Commissioner of Oregon from 1931 to 1932.

In 1932, Mott was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives. He was re-elected to five more terms.

While in Congress, he worked towards federal improvements at Tongue Point Naval Base and other Columbia River projects. In his version of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, Mott is credited with the first use of the term *interstate* to refer to the system of express highways that became the federal Interstate Highway System.

In April and May 1945, Mott traveled to Germany with a number of other congressmen and senators to tour some of the newly liberated Nazi concentration camps, including Buchenwald on April 24 and Dachau on May 2. Mott helped to put together a special report for the U.S. Senate concerning the atrocities and conditions in the camps.

## Death

Mott remained in Congress until his death in Bethesda, Maryland, on November 12, 1945, his 62nd birthday. He was interred in Salem, Oregon's City View Cemetery.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| James W. Mott | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Oregon's 1st district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1933 – November 12, 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Willis C. Hawley |
| Succeeded by | A. Walter Norblad |
| Member of the Oregon House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1922–1928
1930–1932 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Wheaton Mott
November 12, 1883
New Washington, Pennsylvania |
| Died | November 12, 1945(1945-11-12) (aged 62)
Bethesda, Maryland |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Ethel Lucile Walling |
|  | |


title: James W. Newman

abstract: James Wirt Newman was a Democratic politician in the Ohio House of Representatives, Ohio Senate, and was Ohio Secretary of State from 1883 to 1885.

text:
# James W. Newman

**James Wirt Newman** (March 12, 1841  January 1, 1901) was a Democratic politician in the Ohio House of Representatives, Ohio Senate, and was Ohio Secretary of State from 1883 to 1885.

## Biography

James W. Newman was born March 12, 1841, in Highland County, Ohio, and moved soon thereafter to Portsmouth, Ohio. He attended public schools in that town and graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1861, where he was Sigma Chi. He did not serve his country during the American Civil War. For 33 years he was editor and owner of the Portsmouth Times, and after, President of the Central National Bank of Portsmouth.

Newman was active in the Democratic Party, serving as President of the Scioto County central committee, and as delegate to the state and national conventions. He was elected in 1867 to represent Scioto County in the Ohio House of Representatives in the 58th General Assembly in 1868 and 1869. He was elected to represent the 7th District in the 60th and 61st General Assemblies in the Ohio Senate in 1872-1876.

Newman defeated Republican Charles Townsend and two other candidates for Ohio Secretary of State with a majority of the vote in 1882, and served 1883 to 1885. He lost to James Sidney Robinson in another four way race in the 1884.

Newman was Collector of Internal Revenue 1885 to 1889. Newman was married to Kate Moore October 24, 1871. They had one son, Howard Ott Newman. He was Exalted Ruler of the Portsmouth Elks Lodge. He died January 1, 1901, at Portsmouth, or perhaps January 1, 1902.

* Powell, Thomas Edward, ed. (1913). *The Democratic party of the state of Ohio: a comprehensive history*. Vol. 2. The Ohio Publishing Company.
* Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). *History of the Republican Party in Ohio*. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company.
* Ohio General Assembly (1917). *Manual of legislative practice in the General Assembly*. State of Ohio.
* Evans, Nelson Wiley; Stivers, Emmons B (1900). *A history of Adams County, Ohio: from its earliest settlement to the present time*. West Union, Ohio: E B Stivers. p. 271.
* Hostetter, Earl De Witt, ed. (1910). *The Sigma Chi Fraternity Manual and Directory*. Sigma Chi.

## InfoBox

| James Wirt Newman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 23rd Ohio Secretary of State | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1883  January 12, 1885 | |
| Governor | Charles Foster
George Hoadly |
| Preceded by | Charles Townsend |
| Succeeded by | James Sidney Robinson |
| Member of the Ohio House of Representatives
from the Scioto County district | |
| **In office**
January 6, 1868  January 2, 1870 | |
| Preceded by | Elijah Glover |
| Succeeded by | Elijah Glover |
| Member of the Ohio Senate
from the 7th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1872  January 2, 1876 | |
| Preceded by | James Emmett |
| Succeeded by | I. T. Monahan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1841-03-12)March 12, 1841
Highland County, Ohio |
| Died | January 1, 1901(1901-01-01) (aged 59)
Portsmouth, Ohio |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Kate Moore |
| Children | one |
| Alma mater | Ohio Wesleyan University |
|  | |


title: Paul Walker (album)

abstract: Paul Walker is the debut studio album by American post-hardcore band, Drug Church. The album was released on July 23, 2013 through No Sleep Records.

text:
# Paul Walker (album)

***Paul Walker*** is the debut studio album by American post-hardcore band, Drug Church. The album was released on July 23, 2013 through No Sleep Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Drug Church

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Thinking About Joining Drug Church" | 1:31 |
| 2. | "Reading YouTube Comments" | 2:52 |
| 3. | "Clifton Country" | 2:03 |
| 4. | "Shopping For a Belt" | 2:33 |
| 5. | "Donny's Woods" | 2:53 |
| 6. | "Learning To Speak British" | 1:21 |
| 7. | "Attending a Cousin's Birthday Party" | 4:10 |
| 8. | "Deconstructing Snapcase" | 3:28 |
| 9. | "Thrill Hill" | 3:34 |
| 10. | "Riding the Bus To Schenectady" | 1:09 |

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *Alternative Press* |  |
| *Blurt* |  |
| *Kerrang!* |  |
| *Louder Than War* | 7.5/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 6/10 |
| Punknews.org |  |
| *Rock Sound* | 8/10 |
| *Slug Magazine* |  |

*Paul Walker* received positive reviews from contemporary music critics and journalists. On review aggregator website, Metacritic, *Paul Walker* has an average critic score of 75 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews based on 6 Critic Reviews".

Scott Heisel, writing for *Alternative Press*, praising the album's musicianship, and generational bridging. Hiesel said that "to anyone younger than 25, Drug Church’s music will sound like the most awesome, most aggressive post-hardcore they’ve ever heard. To anyone older than 25, it’ll sound the same way, only we’ll appreciate it more since we were there in the ’90s for Snapcase, Helmet, Quicksand, Seaweed, Handsome, Fireside and other similarly sounding (and similarly syllabic) bands". Musically, Hiesel said that "the riffs are crunchy, the rhythm section is appropriately lumbering, the vocals are hoarsely yelled, and the lyrics are as matter-of-fact as the song titles. Drug Church will likely be off-putting for some with weaker aural constitutions, but if you can get over the fact that a skinny, weird-looking guy is yelling at you about nothing in particular, you’re gonna love this". Hiesel gave the album four stars out of five.

Joe Whyte, writing for *Louder Than War* gave *Paul Walker* a 7.5 out of 10 rating saying the album is "ten tracks \[of\] unrelenting moshpit of insanity although there is a clear melodic slant to some of the songs". Whyte summarized the album's grunge undertones saying that "while it’ll never be classed as pop music, it’s not a million miles away from Nirvana's *Bleach* material".

In a more mixed review, John B. Moore, writing for *Blurt* wrote a more sarcastic toned review saying "you know how cranky 40-something-year-old former punk rockers (now rocking the Dockers from their cubicles) take time out from updating their fantasy football leagues just long enough to rail about “real punk rock” versus today’s shitty pop bands masquerading as punk rock? Well they certainly aren’t talking about Drug Church". Moore said compared the band to likes of Quicksand and Jawbreaker, but saying that it's lyrically "a full dose of pessimism and cynicism, bordering on self-parody", and sarcastically said that while *Paul Walker* is "not for everyone", it "will at least get the 40-somethings to quit bitching about Green Day".

*PopMatters* writer, Julio Anta also gave a more mixed review of *Paul Walker* saying the album is "what you get when a group of post-recession hardcore kids, pissed off and fed up with the realities of millennial life, grow up, and take their craft beyond the pits of their local VFW halls and into the more technical and mature". Anta gave the album a 6 out of 10.

## InfoBox

| Paul Walker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Drug Church | |
| Released | July 23, 2013 |
| Label | No Sleep |
| Drug Church chronology | |
| *Drug Church*
(2012) ***Paul Walker***
(2013) *Hit Your Head*
(2015) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Paul Walker* | |
| 1. "Clifton Country"
Released: June 12, 2012 | |
|  | |


title: James Louis Daly

abstract: James Louis Daly was a New Caledonian businessman and politician. He served as a member of the General Council from 1930 until 1940, and again from 1953 until 1957.

text:
# James Louis Daly

**James Louis Daly** (14 December 1897 – 23 March 1963) was a New Caledonian businessman and politician. He served as a member of the General Council from 1930 until 1940, and again from 1953 until 1957.

## Biography

Daly was born in Nouméa on 14 December 1897. He joined the army during World War I, serving in the Mediterranean. He received the croix de guerre, and later became president of the Returned Soldiers Association. He was a director of Maison Barrau, one of the territory's major companies, a member of the Chamber of Agriculture and a judge in the Commercial Court.

In 1930 he became a member of the General Council, winning re-election in 1931, 1934 and 1937, serving until 1940. He was vice-president of the legislature from 1936 until 1940. He returned to the Council following the 1953 elections, when he was elected in the South constituency.

He died at his home in Nouméa in March 1963. His funeral was described by *Pacific Islands Monthly* as the largest in the town's history.

## InfoBox

| James Louis Daly | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the General Council | |
| **In office**
1930–1940, 1953–1957 | |
| Constituency | South (1953–1957) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 14 December 1897
Nouméa, New Caledonia |
| Died | 23 March 1963(1963-03-23) (aged 65)
Nouméa, New Caledonia |
|  | |