title: Mokulubete Makatisi

abstract: Mokulubete Blandina Makatisi is a Mosotho long-distance runner. She qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Mokulubete Makatisi

**Mokulubete Blandina Makatisi** (born 1 September 1995) is a Mosotho long-distance runner. She qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Makatisi was born on 1 September 1995 in Lesobeng, Lesotho, where she grew up. The first of five children, she attended school in Lesobeng until 2010, enrolled at a school in Mapholaneng, in 2011, and then attended Bloemfontein Trompsburg Secondary School in Bloemfontein, South Africa, for two years. She returned to Lesotho in 2015 due to a study permit issue.

Makatisi competed in athletics from a young age, but only began taking the sport seriously in 2010, when she was selected to compete at an international tournament in Botswana. She competed in the Maputo All-Africa Games in 2011, and in the following four years her accomplishments included winning the 10 km Zululand and 10 km Harry Gwala races, winning gold in the 5,000 metres and silver in the 1,500 metres at the South African Open Championship, and winning three medals at the 2014 AUSC Games (gold in the 1,500m, bronze in the 3,000m, 5,000m).

Makatisi competed at the All-Africa Games in Brazzaville in 2015 and the Botswana Championships in 2016. She participated in the 1,500m and 5,000m at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, and competed in the 5,000m at the 2019 African Games. She returned to the Commonwealth Games in 2022, where she finished eighth in the women's marathon event, setting a personal best time of 2:36:05. She came in eighth despite competing in shoes that she was wearing for the first time, as well as concerns that her performance was hindered by the delay in receiving them on the eve of the race.

In 2023, Makatisi placed 42nd at the World Athletics Championships. She also served as the co-Lesotho flag bearer at the 2023 African Beach Games, where she competed in the beach marathon event and won silver. At the 2023 Nelson Mandela Bay Half Marathon, she set the national record with a time of 1:09:45. She received a universality selection to participate at the 2024 Summer Olympics, being one of three representatives of her country. Her selection sparked controversy as the Lesotho National Olympic Committee approved her as the selection, but the Federation of Athletics Lesotho (FAL) believed Neheng Khatala was more qualified and abruptly sent Makatisi a letter stating that her Olympic appearance had been canceled. However, ultimately, Makatisi was selected to compete, being approved by World Athletics (WA). At the Olympics, she placed 31st in the women's marathon with a time of 2:30:20. She served as the co-Lesotho flag bearer at the closing Olympic ceremony.

1. Tsiane, Moorosi (2 August 2015). "Makatisi living athletics dreams". *Sunday Express*.
2. "Mokulubete Blandina Makatisi". World Athletics.
3. Majoro, Nthako (9 August 2022). "Makatisi makes her name in Birmingham". *Public Eye News*.
4. "RAMAKONGOANE, MAKATISE TO HOIST NATIONAL FLAG ALOFT HAMMAMET". Lesotho News Agency. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024  via Wayback Machine.
5. "LESOTHO ON THE PODIUM FOR AFRICAN BEACH GAMES 2023". Lesotho National Olympic Committee. 29 June 2023.
6. "MAKATISE A PROSPECT FOR PARIS OLYMPIC GAMES". Lesotho News Agency. 15 April 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024  via Wayback Machine.
7. Majoro, Nthako (10 June 2024). "Row over two elite athletes". *Public Eye News*.
8. Majore, Nthako (26 June 2024). "FAL takes bold step". *Public Eye News*.
9. "Mokulubete Blandina Makatisi". *Olympics.com*.
10. Braidwood, Jamie (11 August 2024). "Every Olympic flagbearer for Paris 2024 closing ceremony including Alex Yee and Katie Ledecky". *The Independent*. Retrieved 11 August 2024.

## InfoBox

Mokulubete Makatisi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1995-09-01) 1 September 1995<br>Lesobeng, Lesotho |
| Sport | |
| Country | Lesotho |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Long-distance running |


title: Mokume-gane

abstract: Mokume-gane Mokume-gane (木目金) is a Japanese metalworking procedure which produces a mixed-metal laminate with distinctive layered patterns; the term is also used to refer to the resulting laminate itself. The term mokume-gane translates closely to 'wood grain metal' or 'wood eye metal' and describes the way metal takes on the appearance of natural wood grain. Mokume-gane fuses several layers of differently coloured precious metals together to form a sandwich of alloys called a "billet." The billet is then manipulated in such a way that a pattern resembling wood grain emerges over its surface. Numerous ways of working mokume-gane create diverse patterns. Once the metal has been rolled into a sheet or bar, several techniques are used to produce a range of effects. Mokume-gane has been used to create many artistic objects. Though the technique was first developed for production of decorative sword fittings, the craft is today mostly used in the production of jewelry and hollowware.

text:
# Mokume-gane

***Mokume-gane*** (木目金) is a Japanese metalworking procedure which produces a mixed-metal laminate with distinctive layered patterns; the term is also used to refer to the resulting laminate itself. The term *mokume-gane* translates closely to 'wood grain metal' or 'wood eye metal' and describes the way metal takes on the appearance of natural wood grain. *Mokume-gane* fuses several layers of differently coloured precious metals together to form a sandwich of alloys called a "billet." The billet is then manipulated in such a way that a pattern resembling wood grain emerges over its surface. Numerous ways of working *mokume-gane* create diverse patterns. Once the metal has been rolled into a sheet or bar, several techniques are used to produce a range of effects.

*Mokume-gane* has been used to create many artistic objects. Though the technique was first developed for production of decorative sword fittings, the craft is today mostly used in the production of jewelry and hollowware.

## History

### Origins

First developed in 17th-century Japan, *mokume-gane* was originally used for swords. As the customary Japanese sword stopped serving as a weapon and became largely a status symbol, a demand arose for elaborate decorative handles and sheaths.

To meet this demand, Denbei Shoami (1651–1728), a master metalworker from Akita prefecture, invented the *mokume-gane* process. He initially called his product *guri bori*, as the technique in its simplest form resembled *guri*, a type of carved lacquerwork with alternating layers of red and black. Other historical names for it were *kasumi-uchi* (cloud metal), *itame-gane* (wood-grain metal), and *yosefuki*.

The early components of *mokume-gane* were relatively soft metals and alloys (gold, copper, silver, *shakudō*, *shibuichi*, and *kuromido*) which would form liquid phase diffusion bonds with one another without completely melting. This was useful in the traditional techniques of fusing and soldering the layers together.

Over time, the practice of *mokume-gane* faded. The katana industry dried up in the late 19th century, with the Meiji Restoration returning ruling power to the emperor, following the dissolution of the shogunate government and the end of the samurai class. The public display of swords as a sign of samurai status was outlawed. After this, the few metalsmiths who practiced *mokume-gane* along with most other sword related artisans largely transferred their skills to create other objects.

### Adoption of *mokume-gane* in the West

Tiffany & Co's silver division under the direction of Edward C. Moore began to experiment with *mokume-gane* techniques around 1877, and at the Paris exposition of 1878, Tiffany's grand prize-winning display of Moore's "Japanesque" silver wares included a magnificent "Conglomerate Vase" with asymmetrical panels of *mokume-gane*. Moore and Tiffany's silver smiths continued to develop its popular *mokume-gane* techniques in preparation for the Paris exposition of 1889, where it displayed a vast array of Japanesque silver, using ever more complex alloys of *shakudō*, *sedo* and *shibuichi*, along with gold and silver, to make laminates of up to twenty-four layers. Tiffany's display again won the grand prize for silver wares, and the company continued to produce its Japanesque silver with *mokume-gane* techniques up into the 20th century.

### 20th-21st century development

By the mid 20th century, *mokume-gane* had fallen into heavy obscurity. Japan's movement away from traditional craftwork, paired with the great difficulty of mastering *mokume-gane*, had brought *mokume-gane* artisans to the brink of extinction. It reached a point where only scholars and collectors of metalwork were aware of the technique. It was not until the 1970s, when Hiroko Sato Pijanowski – who learned the craft from Norio Tamagawa – that the craft was reignited in the public eye, as Hiroko and her husband Eugene Pijanowski brought the craft of *mokume-gane* back to the United States and began teaching it to their students.

### Present day

Today, jewelry, flatware, hollowware, spinning tops and other artistic objects are made using *mokume-gane*.

Modern processes are highly controlled and include a compressive force on the billet. This has allowed the technique to include many nontraditional components such as titanium, platinum, iron, bronze, brass, nickel silver, and various colors of karat gold including yellow, white, sage, and rose hues as well as sterling silver. At the Santa Fe Symposium, a major annual gathering of jewelers from around the world, there have been several papers presented on new, more predictable, and more economic, methods of producing *mokume-gane* materials, along with new possibilities for laminating metals such as the use of friction-stir welding.

## Techniques

### Liquid phase fusion (historic)

In liquid phase fusion, metal sheets were stacked and carefully heated; the solid billet of simple stripes could be forged and carved to increase the pattern's complexity. Successful lamination using this process requires a highly skilled smith with a great deal of experience. Bonding in the traditional process is achieved when some or all of the alloys in the stack are heated to the point of becoming partially molten (above solidus) this liquid alloy is what fuses the layers together. Careful heat control and skillful forging are required for this process.

### Soldering (brazing)

In attempting to recreate the appearance of traditional *mokume-gane*, some artisans tried brazing layers together. The sheets were soldered using silver solder or some other brazing alloy. This technique joined the metals, but is difficult to perfect, particularly on larger sheets. Flux inclusions could be trapped or bubbles could form. Commonly, imperfections need to be cut out, and the metal re-soldered. Ultimately the brazed sheets do not display the ductility and work-ability of diffusion bonded material.

### Solid-state bonding (contemporary)

The modernized process of solid-state bonding typically uses a controlled atmosphere in a temperature-controlled furnace. Mechanical aids such as a hydraulic press or torque plates (bolted clamps) are also typically used to apply compressive force on the billet during lamination. These provide for the implementation of lower temperature solid-state diffusion between the interleaved layers, thus allowing the inclusion of non-traditional materials.

## Development of the *mokume-gane* pattern

After the fusion of layers, the surface of the billet is cut with chisel to expose lower layers, then flattened. This cutting and flattening process will be repeated over and over again to develop intricate patterns.

## Coloring

To increase the contrast between the laminate layers, many *mokume-gane* items are colored by the application of a patina (a controlled corrosion layer) to accentuate or even totally change the colors of the metal's surface.

### *Niiro* patination and *rokushō*

One example of a traditional Japanese patination for *mokume-gane* is the use of the *niiro* process, usually involving *rokushō*, a complex copper verdigris compound produced specifically for use as a patina. The piece to be patinated is prepared, then immersed in a boiling solution until it reaches the desired color, and each element of a compound piece may be transformed to a different color. Historically, a paste of ground daikon radish was also used to prepare the work for the patina. The paste was applied immediately before the piece is boiled in the *rokushō* to protect the surface against tarnish and uneven coloring.

## Similar laminates

In an accidental but parallel development, Sheffield plate was developed in England. It follows a similar principal of bonded layers, without use of solder, but typically had 2–3 layers, whereas *mokume-gane* could have many more.

Media related to Mokume-gane at Wikimedia Commons

* "Can you make copper & nickel Damascus?!? Mokume-gane," You Tube video showing the attempt of making a combined metal of copper and nickel, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XgDHIx9LvQ (April 18, 2018), Retrieved December 15, 2018


title: Mom season 8

abstract: The eighth and final season of the sitcom Mom premiered November 5, 2020 on CBS in the United States. The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. Television, with series creators Chuck Lorre, Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer. This is the only season not to feature Anna Faris. Bonnie must learn to adjust without her daughter and former roommate, Christy, around. With her chaotic past behind her and a newly empty nest, she focuses on her marriage to her husband, Adam, and on what she wants to be now that she has finally grown up. Now more than ever, Bonnie depends on the support of her friends, including the wise Marjorie, the wealthy and sometimes misguided Jill, the overly emotional Wendy and her loudmouthed but sweet former foster sister, Tammy. Collectively, they help each other overcome their mistakes and stay sober in the face of whatever life throws at them. The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode. As of May 13, 2021, 170 episodes of Mom have aired, concluding the eighth season and the series.

text:
# Mom season 8

The eighth and final season of the sitcom *Mom* premiered November 5, 2020 on CBS in the United States. The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. Television, with series creators Chuck Lorre, Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer. This is the only season not to feature Anna Faris.

Bonnie (Allison Janney) must learn to adjust without her daughter and former roommate, Christy, around. With her chaotic past behind her and a newly empty nest, she focuses on her marriage to her husband, Adam (William Fichtner), and on what she wants to be now that she has finally grown up. Now more than ever, Bonnie depends on the support of her friends, including the wise Marjorie (Mimi Kennedy), the wealthy and sometimes misguided Jill (Jaime Pressly), the overly emotional Wendy (Beth Hall) and her loudmouthed but sweet former foster sister, Tammy (Kristen Johnston). Collectively, they help each other overcome their mistakes and stay sober in the face of whatever life throws at them. The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode.

As of May 13, 2021, 170 episodes of *Mom* have aired, concluding the eighth season and the series.

## Cast

## Episodes

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 153 | 1 | "Sex Bucket and the Grammar Police" | James Widdoes | *Teleplay by*: Alissa Neubauer & Adam Chase & Ilana Wernick
*Story by*: Gemma Baker & Anne Flett-Giordano & Chelsea Myers | November 5, 2020 (2020-11-05) | T12.16601 | 4.82 |
| When Christy leaves for the East Coast to attend law school, the women plan a surprise slumber party in honor of Tammy's birthday that becomes somewhat tense when Marjorie reveals a health problem. Meanwhile, Wendy is troubled by something that she did while working as an ER nurse and Tammy is upset because her father is looking to make contact with her from prison.
*Title meaning*: One of Jill’s slumber party games and Bonnie's remark about grammar not mattering to drunk people when Marjorie questions the grammatical sense of the game “Never Have I Ever”. | | | | | | | |
| 154 | 2 | "Smitten Kitten and a Tiny Boo-Boo Error" | James Widdoes | *Teleplay by*: Gemma Baker & Ilana Wernick & Anne Flett-Giordano
*Story by*: Alissa Neubauer & Adam Chase & Chelsea Myers | November 12, 2020 (2020-11-12) | T12.16602 | 5.21 |
| The group and Adam are not feeling very welcome towards Marjorie's critical, complaining, and rambling new love interest Gary, who has arrived from Chicago. But his emotional AA share gives everyone, especially Bonnie, an understanding of why Marjorie is falling for him. Meanwhile, Jill accidentally donates a huge sum to charity and feels some Tammy-prompted guilt over clawing back much of it, before eventually doing the right thing.
*Title meaning*: How Marjorie describes herself feeling about Gary and what Jill calls her mistake after she accidentally donates too much money. | | | | | | | |
| 155 | 3 | "Tang and a Safe Space for Everybody" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Nick Bakay & Sheldon Bull & Chandra Thomas
*Teleplay by*: Warren Bell & Susan McMartin & Britté Anchor | November 19, 2020 (2020-11-19) | T12.16603 | 5.07 |
| Bonnie is shocked when rocker Rod Knaughton from the semi-successful 1980s band Sachet does a share at the meeting. Having spent "four nights" with him 30-some years ago, Bonnie reintroduces herself, but is disappointed when Rod doesn't remember her. After making fun of him, Bonnie goes to Rod's house to make amends and learns he lives with his mother and has been sober longer than he let on. She then agrees to be Rod's sponsor. Meanwhile, Tammy wants to make modifications to Bonnie's and Adam's apartment upon seeing Adam struggle to reach cereal on an upper shelf, only to learn the building's owner forbids it.
*Title meaning*: A beverage Rod's mother offers to Bonnie and Jill and Marjorie's description of AA meetings after chastising Bonnie for possibly threatening Rod's sobriety. | | | | | | | |
| 156 | 4 | "Astronauts and Fat Trimmings" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Susan McMartin & Britté Anchor & Chandra Thomas
*Teleplay by*: Nick Bakay & Warren Bell & Sheldon Bull | December 3, 2020 (2020-12-03) | T12.16604 | 5.32 |
| Bonnie and Adam's relationship is going so well (and annoying the rest of the group so thoroughly) that they decide to try and help out when they observe a lot of tension between Jill and Andy, but Andy ultimately decides that he and Jill need to go on a break. Meanwhile, Tammy lends a hand to the recently-fired Chef Rudy as he starts a new food truck business, and sparks ignite anew between them.
*Title meaning*: Marjorie trying to correct Tammy's idea about how backwards things were in 1959 and Andy separating prime tri-tip from its fat and gristle, much to Jill's disgust. | | | | | | | |
| 157 | 5 | "Sober Wizard and a Woodshop Workshop" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Warren Bell & Ilana Wernick & Anne Flett-Giordano
*Teleplay by*: Gemma Baker & Alissa Neubauer & Adam Chase | December 17, 2020 (2020-12-17) | T12.16605 | 4.59 |
| Adam's excitement at going skiing for the first time since the accident that paralyzed him provokes Bonnie's deep fear of losing those close to her, but a dream visit from Alvin reassures her. Meanwhile, Jill copes with Andy's request for a break in their relationship by helping Tammy with a teen girls' mentoring program. However, the girls get hooked onto Jill dramatizing everything, and she ends up using them as a makeshift service to get back at Andy on social media. This leaves Tammy worried that Jill is sending the wrong message.
*Title meaning*: Bonnie's name for Marjorie while soliciting advice and one of the vocational training areas that Tammy leads at the girls' charity. | | | | | | | |
| 158 | 6 | "Woo-Woo Lights and an Onside Kick" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Warren Bell & Sheldon Bull & Nadiya Chettiar
*Teleplay by*: Nick Bakay & Susan McMartin & Britté Anchor | January 21, 2021 (2021-01-21) | T12.16606 | 5.02 |
| Jill suspects Andy's hesitance to end his "break" from her is because he's started a relationship with his new female cop partner, so she enlists Bonnie (and later Tammy and Wendy) to conduct a surveillance operation. While it confirms Andy isn't cheating on her, Jill's night still ends in heartbreak.
*Title meaning*: Jill's term for a police siren and a football game Adam keeps talking about which infuriates Bonnie. | | | | | | | |
| 159 | 7 | "S'Mores and a Sadness Cocoon" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Gemma Baker & Ilana Wernick & Chandra Thomas
*Teleplay by*: Warren Bell & Alissa Neubauer & Adam Chase | February 11, 2021 (2021-02-11) | T12.16607 | 5.45 |
| Bonnie's appreciation of an RV Adam says he "borrowed" turns into white-hot anger towards him when he admits he bought it without consulting her. After a week's worth of fighting, Adam apologizes and Bonnie accepts. Jill looks forward to an appointment with her elderly father figure of a dentist but is devastated to find out he's only got a few months left until he retires.
*Title meaning*: Bonnie's craving after spending time outside the RV and Jill's term for time spent grieving her relationship with Andy. | | | | | | | |
| 160 | 8 | "Bloody Stumps and a Chemical Smell" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Nick Bakay & Susan McMartin & Britté Anchor
*Teleplay by*: Sheldon Bull & Anne Flett-Giordano & Nadiya Chettiar | February 18, 2021 (2021-02-18) | T12.16608 | 5.34 |
| Bonnie keeps coming up with weird hobbies to take place in the upstairs bedroom, and with some help from Adam and therapist Trevor (who exchanges a little friendly banter with Jill) she comes to terms with her focus on the room being a reminder that Christy isn't coming back. Elsewhere, Tammy goes to Al-Anon at Adam's suggestion when Marjorie becomes impossible to live with, and the women later resolve their differences.
*Title meaning*: Adam using a metaphor for avoiding conflict with Bonnie, and Trevor's olfactory reaction to a paper-mache lampshade Bonnie made for him. | | | | | | | |
| 161 | 9 | "Whip-Its and Emotionally Attuned Babies" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Warren Bell & Adam Chase & Chelsea Myers
*Teleplay by*: Gemma Baker & Alissa Neubauer & Ilana Wernick | February 25, 2021 (2021-02-25) | T12.16609 | 5.18 |
| Jill runs into Trevor at her juice store, and the two flirt heavily. Jill confides to Marjorie that she wants to date Trevor, while Trevor tells his therapist about his feelings for Jill. Both are told a relationship is forbidden as long as Trevor is treating Bonnie. Trevor ultimately meets Jill and uncovers some deep emotional issues that might explain her attraction to him. Meanwhile, Bonnie creates some non-alcoholic "mocktails" for the menu at Adam's bar, but later realizes her excitement over mixing mocktails is eerily similar to how she once felt preparing real cocktails.
*Title meaning*: Tammy reminiscing after seeing Bonnie spray whipped cream on a mocktail and Jill pondering the kind of children that she and Trevor would create. | | | | | | | |
| 162 | 10 | "Illegal Eels and the Cantaloupe Man" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Susan McMartin & Ilana Wernick & Britté Anchor
*Teleplay by*: Alissa Neubauer & Adam Chase & Sheldon Bull | March 4, 2021 (2021-03-04) | T12.16610 | 5.28 |
| Adam and Bonnie are ready for their first romantic Valentine's Day together since they got married, but the rest of the group is either out of the romance scene (Jill and Tammy) or getting crushed by it (Marjorie and Wendy). Marjorie is left downtrodden after Gary breaks up with her by text and she later falls and fractures her wrist, while everyone is intrigued by Wendy's hospital romance until they find out her "boyfriend" is a cardiologist who's married and cheating with her. Everyone ends up at dinner with Bonnie and Adam, where Adam gives Bonnie a heart-warming gift and they all declare that they love each other.
*Title meaning*: A trafficking activity that landed Bonnie in jail and the guy at the farmers' market Marjorie makes a date with after being dumped by Gary. | | | | | | | |
| 163 | 11 | "Strutting Peacock and Father O'Leary" | Rebecca Ancheta Blum | *Story by*: Sheldon Bull & Susan McMartin & Britté Anchor
*Teleplay by*: Nick Bakay & Anne Flett-Giordano & Nadiya Chettiar | March 11, 2021 (2021-03-11) | T12.16611 | 4.67 |
| Adam is a speaker at a combined Al-Anon/AA meeting, and much to Bonnie's chagrin, ends up befriending her sponsee Rod. Bonnie becomes furious at Adam after Rod reveals he would prefer to have a male sponsor, as he is not himself when around women. This is emphasized when Jill continuously encounters Rod and they exchange snarky remarks, but that doesn't stop them from sleeping together. In the end, Bonnie introduces Rod to Marjorie in hopes that she will be his sponsor.
*Title meaning*: What Jill calls Rod when the group is observing him and Adam at the bistro and an alcoholic Adam refers to during his share. | | | | | | | |
| 164 | 12 | "Tiny Dancer and an Impromptu Picnic" | Nick Bakay | *Story by*: Nick Bakay & Sheldon Bull & Chelsea Myers
*Teleplay by*: Susan McMartin & Britté Anchor & Nadiya Chettiar | April 1, 2021 (2021-04-01) | T12.16612 | 5.00 |
| Bonnie is shocked and appalled when Adam drives her to see a huge billboard for a local strip club that features an R-rated, 20-year old picture of Christy. When the club owner (Bob Odenkirk) refuses to remove it, Bonnie sets out to take action, while Marjorie worries that she'll end up in trouble. Elsewhere, Rod and Adam discuss treating women with respect, which inspires Rod to reach out to Jill; Jill and him end up nearly having sex again. Also, Marjorie has to get one of her stubborn cats on a regimen of exercise when he is diagnosed as pre-diabetic.
*Title meaning*: The song that the strip club owner suggested to then-stripper Christy and the erotic event Bonnie had planned for Adam. | | | | | | | |
| 165 | 13 | "Klondike-Five and a Secret Family" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Adam Chase & Susan McMartin & Anne Flett-Giordano
*Teleplay by*: Nick Bakay & Warren Bell & Robyn Morrison | April 8, 2021 (2021-04-08) | T12.16613 | 4.93 |
| When Bonnie finds Adam's list of his past bad behaviors with women, she encourages him to start making amends, but he spirals downward when he learns one of the women he mistreated has died. Adam opens up to Marjorie about why he's so upset before mending things with Bonnie and beginning to address his past. Elsewhere, Tammy finds herself debating the nature of amends with a depressed manager at the steakhouse she'd robbed.
*Title meaning*: Bonnie's sarcastic idea of Marjorie making amends via obsolete phone methods, and one of the things Bonnie wonders if Adam is upset about regarding his amends list. | | | | | | | |
| 166 | 14 | "Endorphins and a Toasty Tushy" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Alissa Neubauer & Sheldon Bull & Britté Anchor
*Teleplay by*: Gemma Baker & Ilana Wernick & Nadiya Chettiar & Matthew McGeehan | April 15, 2021 (2021-04-15) | T12.16614 | 5.35 |
| Tammy needs a truck for her burgeoning contractor business and brings Bonnie with her to buy one. But after Tammy buys an expensive truck outright with cash on hand, Bonnie starts to feel like a failure and is both jealous of Tammy's success and upset by her jealousy. Eventually, Bonnie admits how she feels to Tammy and later gets Tammy a big rate increase on a kitchen job, leading the two of them to agree to go into business together. Elsewhere, Wendy's enthusiasm for a dance class despite her bad dancing helps Jill realize that she has missed out on a lot of good things because of her perfectionism; Jill then pays Andy a visit where she gives him a (poorly made) piece of pottery and tells him that their time together wasn't perfect – but it was wonderful and she has no regrets about any of it.
*Title meaning*: Jill's post-dance workout rush feeling and what Marjorie feels after Tammy turns on the seat warmers in her new truck.
Trivia note: This was the 1st episode the show produced after being informed by CBS that Season 8 would be the show's last one. | | | | | | | |
| 167 | 15 | "Vinyl Flooring and a Cartoon Bear" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Gemma Baker & Alissa Neubauer & Sheldon Bull
*Teleplay by*: Ilana Wernick & Britté Anchor & Nadiya Chettiar & Alexandra Melnick | April 22, 2021 (2021-04-22) | T12.16615 | 5.04 |
| Bonnie and Tammy are very happy to start their new joint construction firm PlunkenDorf, but Tammy quickly becomes very uncomfortable with Bonnie's mix of stretching the truth and outright lying to get them jobs. When Tammy can't handle the lies anymore, she tells their first client the truth and he fires them, leading to a major argument between the women and a fracture in the group. Marjorie helps Bonnie see that she does not need to be the dishonest hustler anymore, and Adam tells Tammy that when Bonnie behaves in an objectionable manner, it is usually derived from good motives on her part. They go back to the client and a combination of honesty and their agreeing to spend time with his annoying mother-in-law gets them back to work. Elsewhere, Jill goes through the ups and downs of cutting sugar out of her diet, finally deciding that the "no sugar=smaller breasts" equation doesn't work for her.
*Title meaning*: An item Bonnie is trying to price for PlunkenDorf, and how Tammy describes scratching her back on a 2x4 upon getting all-over hives when she's stressed about lying. | | | | | | | |
| 168 | 16 | "Scooby-Doo Checks and Salisbury Steak" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Nick Bakay & Warren Bell & Susan McMartin & Chandra Thomas
*Teleplay by*: Adam Chase & Anne Flett-Giordano & Emlyn Crenshaw | April 29, 2021 (2021-04-29) | T12.16616 | 5.30 |
| Bonnie is irritated by her therapist, Trevor's habit of seemingly ignoring their sessions. Bonnie is troubled that Adam does not value kissing her. She also reacts negatively upon learning that Trevor is considering a reunion with his ex-wife, who was unfaithful to him and left him devastated in their divorce. After he later admits that he still has feelings for a girl he loved in high school who barely knew him, he is able to call her and ask her out. During a visit to her bank, Jill runs into Andy, right before it is held up by bank robbers. During that crisis, they both admit to each other that they miss each other, resulting in a passionate kiss. After the siege has ended, they resolve to give their relationship another try. While Adam is not pleased that Bonnie will be without a therapist for three months due to Trevor's sabbatical, he gives Bonnie a kiss that makes her very happy.
*Title meaning*: A new style of personal checks Andy is considering at the bank, and the Lean Cuisine meal Trevor eats to get into shape for his possible reunion with his ex-wife. | | | | | | | |
| 169 | 17 | "A Community Hero and a Wide Turn" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Gemma Baker & Alissa Neubauer & Ilana Wernick & Anne Flett-Giordano
*Teleplay by*: Sheldon Bull & Britté Anchor & Nadiya Chettiar | May 6, 2021 (2021-05-06) | T12.16617 | 5.29 |
| Marjorie is being honored as a Napa Valley "community hero" and her mistaken belief that Bonnie nominated her leads her in turn to ask Bonnie to be her presenter at the ceremony. Bonnie plans a roast-like speech, which Adam thinks is a very bad idea. At the gala, the group starts having some issues: Jill is feeling very queasy, Wendy's brave wearing of a strapless dress leads to an embarrassing nip-slip incident, and Tammy is bouncing between taking care of Jill and flirting with their party's handsome limo driver. As a result, Marjorie is off taking care of her friends when Bonnie gets to the stage, and Bonnie ends up completely discarding her plan to roast Marjorie and instead speaks emotionally (and beautifully) about how good a person Marjorie is, and how she saved Bonnie's life and is the mother she never really had. Marjorie later learns this and ends up doubly touched when her son Jerry shows up late to the ceremony (he had car trouble) and tells Marjorie that he not only loves her as a mom but that *he* was the one who nominated her for the community hero award. Jill discovers that her nausea was due to her being pregnant: she tells Andy and he's overjoyed for her and for him getting to be a dad. Tammy helps the limo guy drive everyone home, with chaotic results.
*Title meaning*: The award that Marjorie is receiving, and the key to successful limo driving that Tammy is learning with some difficultly to get right. | | | | | | | |
| 170 | 18 | "My Kinda People and the Big To-Do" | James Widdoes | Chuck Lorre & Nick Bakay & Gemma Baker & Warren Bell | May 13, 2021 (2021-05-13) | T12.16618 | 6.17 |
| The latest women's AA meeting sees the arrival of Shannon, who is not impressed with the stories she hears about how well everyone's life is going and walks out into the rain. Bonnie runs outside and gets Shannon to agree to join her for coffee, where the group both shocks and impresses Shannon with their tales of past jail time, fractured family relationships, and homelessness. Adam tells Bonnie that his doctor saw a possible malignancy in his chest X-ray and he needs a further exam to see if he has lung cancer. Bonnie calls Marjorie to discuss the devastating news but she also gets phone calls from Shannon (who is fighting with her meth-abusing mother Jolene) and Jill (who is marrying Andy the next day at the local courthouse) and can barely keep all the information together. Bonnie and Adam find out he does have lung cancer but it's early and treatable. They meet up with the group at the courthouse where Jill and Andy get married. Everyone then goes to a meeting where Bonnie makes a heartfelt speech about how she's no longer afraid of abusing drugs and alcohol and has begun thinking of other people first, concluding that she is truly a grateful alcoholic. She sits down, and Wendy goes up to the front and asks "Who else would like to share?".
*Title meaning*: Bonnie relating to a description of Shannon's mean addict mom and the atmosphere around Jill's wedding. | | | | | | | |

## Ratings

Viewership and ratings per episode of *Mom season 8*
| No. | Title | Air date | Rating
(18–49) | Viewers
(millions) | DVR
(18–49) | DVR viewers
(millions) | Total
(18–49) | Total viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Sex Bucket and the Grammar Police" | November 5, 2020 | 0.6 | 4.82 | 0.4 | 2.10 | 1.0 | 6.92 |
| 2 | "Smitten Kitten and a Tiny Boo-Boo Error" | November 12, 2020 | 0.6 | 5.21 | 0.4 | 2.00 | 1.0 | 7.21 |
| 3 | "Tang and a Safe Space for Everybody" | November 19, 2020 | 0.6 | 5.07 |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | "Astronauts and Fat Trimmings" | December 3, 2020 | 0.7 | 5.32 | 0.3 | 1.78 | 1.0 | 7.10 |
| 5 | "Sober Wizard and a Woodshop Workshop" | December 17, 2020 | 0.5 | 4.59 |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | "Woo-Woo Lights and an Onside Kick" | January 21, 2021 | 0.6 | 5.02 |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | "S'Mores and a Sadness Cocoon" | February 11, 2021 | 0.7 | 5.45 | 0.3 | 1.91 | 1.0 | 7.36 |
| 8 | "Bloody Stumps and a Chemical Smell" | February 18, 2021 | 0.7 | 5.34 | 0.3 | 1.88 | 1.0 | 7.22 |
| 9 | "Whip-Its and Emotionally Attuned Babies" | February 25, 2021 | 0.7 | 5.18 | 0.3 | 1.88 | 1.0 | 7.06 |
| 10 | "Illegal Eels and the Cantaloupe Man" | March 4, 2021 | 0.7 | 5.28 | 0.3 | 1.81 | 1.0 | 7.09 |
| 11 | "Strutting Peacock and Father O'Leary" | March 11, 2021 | 0.5 | 4.67 | 0.3 | 1.76 | 0.8 | 6.43 |
| 12 | "Tiny Dancer and an Impromptu Picnic" | April 1, 2021 | 0.6 | 5.00 | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| 13 | "Klondike-Five and a Secret Family" | April 8, 2021 | 0.6 | 4.93 | 0.3 | 1.90 | 0.9 | 6.83 |
| 14 | "Endorphins and a Toasty Tushy" | April 15, 2021 | 0.6 | 5.35 | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| 15 | "Vinyl Flooring and a Cartoon Bear" | April 22, 2021 | 0.6 | 5.04 | 0.3 | 1.83 | 0.9 | 6.87 |
| 16 | "Scooby-Doo Checks and Salisbury Steak" | April 29, 2021 | 0.5 | 5.30 | 0.3 | 1.80 | 0.8 | 7.10 |
| 17 | "A Community Hero and a Wide Turn" | May 6, 2021 | 0.6 | 5.29 | 0.3 | 1.69 | 0.9 | 6.98 |
| 18 | "My Kinda People and the Big To-Do" | May 13, 2021 | 0.7 | 6.17 | 0.3 | 1.89 | 1.1 | 8.06 |

## InfoBox

| *Mom* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 8 | |
| DVD cover | |
| Starring |  |
| No. of episodes | 18 |
| Release | |
| Original network | CBS |
| Original release | November 5, 2020 (2020-11-05)
May 13, 2021 (2021-05-13) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Global-View.com

abstract: Global-View.com is an online currency trading community founded by former Continental Grain subsidiary, ContiCurrency, traders Jay Meisler and John Bland in 1996. The historical significance of the website's main feature, the FOREX Forum, is that it started an important internet movement for retail trading. It is said to be traveled both openly and through alias by some of the greatest living minds in foreign exchange. Its early constituency consisted primarily of institutional bank traders, but it quickly discovered a fledgling FOREX trading world of retail speculators, fund managers, and former bank traders. This timing brought the early internet start-up financial viability as a premier advertising space for online retail trading companies. It received recognition on CNBC in March 1998 Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, and its founders are quoted in Reuters, Forbes, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. It is the main topic of the Wiley publication, Forex Essentials in 15 Trades. Its market has since matured into a field of countless competitors, but it remains a market presence to date. With full makeover early 2024, Global-view.com changed not only its looks, but content as well. With the addition of Forex Blog, Trading Club and Economic Data Calendar in real time, together with many additional tools and discussion boards Global-view.com brought a team of experienced and successful traders onboard.

text:
# Global-View.com

**Global-View.com** is an online currency trading community founded by former Continental Grain subsidiary, ContiCurrency, traders Jay Meisler and John Bland in 1996. The historical significance of the website's main feature, the FOREX Forum, is that it started an important internet movement for retail trading. It is said to be traveled both openly and through alias by some of the greatest living minds in foreign exchange.

Its early constituency consisted primarily of institutional bank traders, but it quickly discovered a fledgling FOREX trading world of retail speculators, fund managers, and former bank traders. This timing brought the early internet start-up financial viability as a premier advertising space for online retail trading companies. It received recognition on CNBC in March 1998 Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, and its founders are quoted in Reuters, Forbes, *The New York Times*, and *The Wall Street Journal*. It is the main topic of the Wiley publication, *Forex Essentials in 15 Trades*. Its market has since matured into a field of countless competitors, but it remains a market presence to date.

With full makeover early 2024, Global-view.com changed not only its looks, but content as well. With the addition of Forex Blog, Trading Club and Economic Data Calendar in real time, together with many additional tools and discussion boards Global-view.com brought a team of experienced and successful traders onboard.

1. Forex Essentials in 15 Trades, Michael D. Archer
2. Dollar slumps as data points to slowing U.S. growth, Reuters 2007
3. FOREX-Dollar falls but on track for weekly gain, Reuters 2007
4. FOREX-Dollar edges up but hovers near 2009 low vs euro, Reuters 2009
5. Twenty-four-hour currency trading, Forbes 2009


title: Monika Chabel

abstract: Monika Chabel is a Polish representative rower. She is a dual Olympian and an Olympic medalist.

text:
# Monika Chabel

**Monika Chabel** (Polish pronunciation: \[mɔˈɲika ˈt͡ɕat͡ɕux ˈxabɛl\]; born 10 May 1992) is a Polish representative rower. She is a dual Olympian and an Olympic medalist.

## Personal

Ciaciuch was born in the small village of Ślesin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship which has a population of about 1500. In October 2017 she married a Polish rower Wiktor Chabel.

## Rowing career

Ciaciuch competed in the women's quadruple sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal. In 2021 she raced in the Polish coxless four at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. That crew made the Olympic final and finished in sixth place.

## InfoBox

Monika Chabel
| Chabel in May 2018 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1992-05-10) 10 May 1992
Ślesin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 74 kg (163 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Poland |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Olympic finals | Rio 2016 W4X
Tokyo 2020 W4- |
| Medal record      Women's rowing  Representing  Poland   Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Olympic Games 0 0 1  World Championships 0 1 0  European Championships 0 3 3  **Total** **0** **4** **4**   Olympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro Quadruple sculls  World Championships  2017 Sarasota Coxless four  European Championships  2016 Brandenburg Quadruple sculls  2017 Račice Coxless four  2014 Belgrade Quadruple sculls  2015 Poznań Quadruple sculls  2018 Glasgow Coxless four  2019 Lucerne Coxless four | |


title: Godfrey's Cordial

abstract: Godfrey's Cordial was a patent medicine, containing laudanum in a sweet syrup, which was commonly used as a sedative to quiet infants and children in Victorian England. Used mostly by mothers working in agricultural groups or industry, it ensured that she could work the maximum hours of her employment, without being disturbed by her infant, and thus increased the family income. It was also used by nurses and baby-minders to enable them to neglect their duties if they wished.

text:
# Godfrey's Cordial

**Godfrey's Cordial** was a patent medicine, containing laudanum (tincture of opium) in a sweet syrup, which was commonly used as a sedative to quiet infants and children in Victorian England. Used mostly by mothers working in agricultural groups or industry, it ensured that she could work the maximum hours of her employment, without being disturbed by her infant, and thus increased the family income. It was also used by nurses and baby-minders to enable them to neglect their duties if they wished.

## Origin and composition

The original formula was named after apothecary Thomas Godfrey of Hunsdon in Hertfordshire. After his death in 1721, without leaving a clear heir to his work, others claimed to have the formula and it was mass-produced across England. Some also ascribed the medicine to Ambroise Hackwitz, also an apothecary, at around the same time, who changed his name to Godfrey and did business in Southampton Row.

Thomas Wakley analysed the formula in 1823, and the ingredients, as he discovered them, were published in *The Lancet*. They included ginger, rectified spirits of wine, oil of sassafras, tincture of opium and Venice treacle. Other preparations have also been suggested, especially in light of the fact that opium was one of the most adulterated drugs in Victorian England. Godfrey's cordial contained about 114 grain of opium per ounce apothecaries' system (~0.26% by mass) and was readily available without prescription in England and North America.

## Infant deaths and usage

Godfrey's cordial had long been recognised as leading to fatal cases of opium poisoning.

However, it continued to be made and used until the early twentieth century, at least in part due to the ease with which it could be manufactured. It was reportedly sold in enormous quantities in eighteenth century England, a time-span that has been popularly referred to as the *golden age of physic*, due to the widespread availability and consumption of enormous amounts of proprietary medicines. Its low cost and a lack of public knowledge about infant management further increased its popularity.

Though many cases of infant death had been conclusively linked to an indiscriminate use of the medicine by mothers and nurses, exact numbers are hard to ascertain. Those who survived often, reportedly, had a severely damaged physical constitution.

## Decline

In 1857, with ill-advised opioid usage reaching alarming levels, a parliamentary bill was put forward which classified opium and its derivatives as poisons. This was intended to severely restrict the sale of such compounds, but it failed to pass through parliament, after being subject to intensive lobbying by trading chemists. It was also widely criticised as an impractical solution from an overall perspective. A much-diluted version of the original proposed bill was finally implemented as the Pharmacy Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 121) which limited the sale of opium derivatives to registered chemists and legally qualified apothecaries. It explicitly excused patent medicines (and thus Godfrey's Cordial) from its purview.

Usage of Godfrey's Cordial gradually declined post-1890 as several court rulings held that the act applied equally to patent medicines and the British Medical Association subsequently published lists of safe home remedies, in a bid to increase public health awareness, which mentioned calomel and sugar-based derivatives as substitute sedative agents. Finally, the Pharmacy Act 1908, which classified it as a Schedule-I poison, followed by the Dangerous Drugs Act 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 46) which mandated a medical prescription, heavily restricted the availability and usage of any such opioid-based drug.


abstract: The United States women's national beach soccer team represents the United States in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the USSF, the governing body for soccer in the United States.

text:
# United States women's national beach soccer team

The **United States women's national beach soccer team** represents the United States in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the USSF, the governing body for soccer in the United States.

## Coaching staff

**Coaching staff**

| Position | Name | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Head coach | Morgan Church |  |
| Assistant coach | Ryan Futagaki |  |
|

### Current squad

The following 16 players were named to the roster for a domestic training camp that will take place from July 5-10 at the Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center in Southern California.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  USA Gabriella Batmani  GK  USA Melissa Lowder  GK  USA Vanessa Amaral  DF  USA Hannah Adler  DF  USA Makenzie Chronopoulus  DF  USA Ali Hall  DF  USA Kelly Garzon  DF  USA Jeane Sunseri-Warp | No. Pos. Nation Player  DF  USA Vanessa Valentine  FW  USA Nikki Haimes  FW  USA Tori Huber  FW  USA Rachel Hunter  FW  USA Danielle Kovacevic  FW  USA Lauren Leslie  FW  USA Kilee Quigley  FW  USA Ashley Triplett |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

United States
| Association | United States Soccer Federation |
| --- | --- |
| Confederation | CONCACAF |
| Head coach | Morgan Church |
| Captain | Jeane Sunseri-Warp and Ali Hall |
| FIFA code | USA |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Monazir Hassan

abstract:
Dr. Monazir Hassan is an Indian politician. He was the member of the Indian Parliament, in 15th Lok Sabha and represented Begusarai.
A trusted lieutenant of Nitish Kumar, Hassan had served as cabinet minister under Nitish before entering Lok Sabha. Hassan was part of Lalu Prasad Yadav’s RJD and served as minister under him too. After political disagreements with the chief minister Mr. Nitish Kumar, Mr. Hassan resigned from all positions of Janata Dal (United) on 28 May 2023.
Mr. Hassan joined Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal on 18 September 2023 at the residence of Upendra Kushwaha at Patna with his supporters.

text:
# Monazir Hassan

**Dr. Monazir Hassan** (born 5 February 1957) is an Indian politician. He was the member of the Indian Parliament, in 15th Lok Sabha (2009 to 2014) and represented Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency). A trusted lieutenant of Nitish Kumar, Hassan had served as cabinet minister under Nitish before entering Lok Sabha. Hassan was part of Lalu Prasad Yadav’s RJD and served as minister under him too. After political disagreements with the chief minister Mr. Nitish Kumar, Mr. Hassan resigned from all positions of Janata Dal (United) on 28 May 2023. Mr. Hassan joined Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal on 18 September 2023 at the residence of Upendra Kushwaha at Patna with his supporters.

## Early life and education

Dr. Monazir Hassan(born 5 February 1957)inMunger districtMunger, Bihar**.**

Dr. Hassan had his early education in Munger and has attended Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University.

## Political career

* 1995 to 2009 Member Bihar Legislative Assembly (Four Terms) from Munger
* 1997 to 2004 State President. Rashtriya Janta Dal (Youth)
* 2000 to 2004 Minister of State Youth and Sports, Govt. of Bihar.
* 2005 to 2008 Cabinet Minister Building Construction, Govt. of Bihar.
* 2009 to 2014 Member of Parliament from Begusarai Loksabha.

## InfoBox

| Dr. Monazir Hassan | |
| --- | --- |
| Monazir Hassan (centre) receiving book from Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais (Imaam of Kaaba-Haram-sharif) (right) in Mecca Saudi Arabia | |
|  | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
20 February 2023 | |
| Member of Indian Parliament | |
| **In office**
2009–2014 | |
| Preceded by | Rajiv Ranjan Singh |
| Succeeded by | Bhola Singh |
| Constituency | Begusarai |
| Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**
1995–2009 | |
| Constituency | Munger, Bihar |
| Building Construction Department, Government of Bihar | |
| **In office**
2005–2008 | |
| Minister of State Youth and Sports, Government of Bihar | |
| **In office**
2000–2004 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1957-02-05) 5 February 1957 |
| Political party | Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal |
| Other political
affiliations | Rashtriya Janata Dal (1995-2004) Janata Dal (United) (2004-2023) |
| Source: | |


title: Monazite-(Nd)

abstract: Monazite-(Nd) is a relatively rare representative of the monazite group, with neodymium being the dominant rare earth element in its structure. This variety of monazite is typically colored bright rose-red. It is the neodymium analogue of monazite-(Ce), monazite-(La), and monazite-(Sm). The group contains simple rare earth phosphate minerals with the general formula of ATO4, where A = Ce, La, Nd, or Sm (or, rarely, Bi), and B = P or, rarely, As. The A site may also bear Ca and Th.

text:
# Monazite-(Nd)

**Monazite-(Nd)** is a relatively rare representative of the monazite group, with neodymium being the dominant rare earth element in its structure. This variety of monazite is typically colored bright rose-red. It is the neodymium analogue of monazite-(Ce), monazite-(La), and monazite-(Sm). The group contains simple rare earth phosphate minerals with the general formula of A*T*O4, where A = Ce, La, Nd, or Sm (or, rarely, Bi), and B = P or, rarely, As. The A site may also bear Ca and Th.

## InfoBox

| Monazite-(Nd) | |
| --- | --- |
| General | |
| Category | Phosphate mineral |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | NdPO4 |
| IMA symbol | Mnz-Nd |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic: 2/*m* |
| Space group | *P*21/*n* |
| Unit cell | a = 6.745, b = 6.964, c = 6.435 \[Å\]; β = β = 103.65◦ |
| Identification | |
| References |  |


abstract: The University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, commonly known as Penn GSE, is the education school of University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formally established as a department in 1893 and a school at the University of Pennsylvania in 1915, Penn GSE has historically had research strengths in teaching and learning, the cultural contexts of education, language education, human development, quantitative research methods, and practitioner inquiry. Katharine Strunk is the current dean of Penn GSE; she succeeded Pam Grossman in 2023.

text:
# University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education

The **University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education**, commonly known as **Penn GSE**, is the education school of University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formally established as a department in 1893 and a school at the University of Pennsylvania in 1915, Penn GSE has historically had research strengths in teaching and learning, the cultural contexts of education, language education, human development, quantitative research methods, and practitioner inquiry. Katharine Strunk is the current dean of Penn GSE; she succeeded Pam Grossman in 2023.

## History

From its earliest days, the University of Pennsylvania has prepared teachers to lead the schools of the country. This was a primary purpose of Benjamin Franklin's Public Academy of Philadelphia, and it has continued to influence the work of the University throughout its history. Education classes were first held at Penn in 1893, and a professorship in education was created two years later in 1895. The full-fledged school of education was established as a separate school within the university in 1914, initially conferring only Bachelor of Science in Education degrees. The school of education conferred its first Bachelor of Science in Education degrees in 1915 on three men and three women. The school quickly embraced the necessity of research on education practices, and instituted Master of Science in Education and Doctor of Education degree programs in 1930 and 1943, respectively. Since then, Penn GSE has grown to include Master of Philosophy in Education, Doctor of Education, and Doctor of Philosophy in Education programs and house several departments, centers, and initiatives.

## Facilities

When the school was founded, its offices and classrooms were located in College Hall, one of the first buildings of Penn's West Philadelphia campus. Its library was located in Fisher-Bennett Hall but was soon merged into Van Pelt Library. In 1940, GSE moved to Eisenlohr Hall, located a few blocks west on Walnut Street. Penn acquired additional space in the rowhouse next door, which was known as the Eisenlohr Annex Building.

Penn GSE moved into the Education Building, where it still is today, in 1966. Currently, Eisenlohr Hall serves as the President's house and the Eisenlohr Annex is home to Penn's creative writing center.

## Academics

Penn GSE offers 20 different master's degrees in programs ranging from Higher Education to Counseling and Mental Health Services. It also offers 15 doctorate degrees, in both education and philosophy. Programs include:

* Education Entrepreneurship M.S.Ed.
* Education Policy M.S.Ed
* Education Policy Ph.D.
* Education, Culture, and Society M.S.Ed.
* Education, Culture, and Society Ph.D.
* Educational Linguistics Ed.D.
* Educational Linguistics Ph.D.
* Executive Doctorate in Higher Education Management Ed.D.
* Global Higher Education Management M.S.Ed. (Online)
* Higher Education Ed.D.
* Higher Education M.S.Ed.
* Higher Education Ph.D.
* Independent School Teaching Residency M.S.Ed.
* Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Development M.S.Ed.
* Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Development Ph.D.
* International Educational Development M.S.Ed.
* Learning Analytics M.S.Ed. (Online)
* Learning Sciences and Technologies M.S.Ed.
* Learning Sciences and Technologies Ph.D.
* Literacy Studies Ed.D.
* Literacy Studies M.S.Ed.
* Literacy Studies Ph.D.
* Medical Education M.S.Ed.
* Mid-Career Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership Ed.D.
* Penn Chief Learning Officer Ed.D.
* Professional Counseling, M.Phil.Ed.
* Quantitative Methods M.Phil.Ed.
* Quantitative Methods Ph.D.
* Reading Specialist - Certification
* School and Mental Health Counseling M.S.Ed.
* School Leadership M.S.Ed.
* Statistics, Measurement, Assessment, and Research Technology M.S.Ed.
* Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) M.S.Ed.
* Teaching, Learning, and Leadership M.S.Ed.
* Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education Ed.D.
* Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education Ph.D.
* Urban Education (Online) M.S.Ed.
* Urban Teaching Apprenticeship M.S.Ed.
* Urban Teaching Residency M.S.Ed. with Certification(s)

## Research

Penn GSE offers a wide variety of degree programs in education research and practice. Students prepare to become educational leaders, aspiring to have careers in urban and international education, school leadership, education research, higher education administration, school psychology, and more. There are currently six academic divisions at Penn GSE: Human Development and Quantitative Methods; Literacy, Culture, and International Education; Education Policy; Educational Linguistics; Higher Education; and Teaching, Learning, and Leadership.

Urban education is one of Penn GSE's central research interests. GSE partners with several schools in its West Philadelphia neighborhood, including the Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander Penn Partnership School and others. They also engage in professional development for local educators as well as in applied research, developing programs like KIDS and EPIC.

In 2001, Penn GSE launched a series of executive degree programs for education professionals and entrepreneurial activities that serve non-traditional students. These programs have grown to include the Executive Program in Education Entrepreneurship; Executive Program in School and Mental Health Counseling; Executive Doctorate in Higher Education Management; School Leadership Program (Principal Certification); Penn Chief Learning Officer Program; Medical Education Program; Mid-Career Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership and Urban Residency Teaching Program. In 2010, Penn GSE launched the Milken-Penn GSE Education Business Plan Competition, a competition that encourages entrepreneurship and innovation in education.

Penn GSE also works internationally, engaging in multinational research projects, partnerships, study abroad programs, and consulting projects.

## Notable Faculty and Staff

## Notable Alumni

## InfoBox

University of Pennsylvania
Graduate School of Education
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | *Leges sine moribus vanae* |
| Motto in English | Laws without morals are in vain |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1915 (1915) |
| Founder | Frank Pierrepont Graves |
| Parent institution | University of Pennsylvania |
| Dean | Katharine Strunk |
| Academic staff | 40 |
| Students | 1300 |
| Address | 3700 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
39°57′12″N 75°11′50″W / 39.95323°N 75.19722°W / 39.95323; -75.19722 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | www.gse.upenn.edu |
|  | |


abstract: College Houses are a major part of facilitating a community and experience amongst the undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university in Philadelphia. Each University of Pennsylvania college house has a faculty director and house director, and at least two College House Fellows, which are members of the faculty and senior administration in residence. Many houses host a range of jobs for students, including Residential Advisors, House Councils, Managers and Information Technology assistants. The houses also encourage communities through the wide range of Program Communities within the system. There are currently 13 College Houses on Penn's campus. Most were constructed between 1895 when the Quadrangle construction was completed, and the mid-1970s when the brutalist high rises were constructed; the modern phase of construction began in 2016 with Lauder College House between 33rd and 34th Streets between Walnut and Chestnut streets, and continued with the 2020 construction of Gutmann College House at 40th and Walnut Streets. Undergraduates at Penn are required to live on campus for their first four semesters.

text:
# University of Pennsylvania College Houses

**College Houses** are a major part of facilitating a community and experience amongst the undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university in Philadelphia.

Each University of Pennsylvania college house has a faculty director and house director, and at least two College House Fellows, which are members of the faculty and senior administration in residence. Many houses host a range of jobs for students, including Residential Advisors, House Councils, Managers and Information Technology assistants. The houses also encourage communities through the wide range of Program Communities within the system.

There are currently 13 College Houses on Penn's campus. Most were constructed between 1895 when the Quadrangle construction was completed, and the mid-1970s when the brutalist high rises were constructed; the modern phase of construction began in 2016 with Lauder College House between 33rd and 34th Streets between Walnut and Chestnut streets, and continued with the 2020 construction of Gutmann College House at 40th and Walnut Streets. Undergraduates at Penn are required to live on campus for their first four semesters.

## The Quadrangle

The Quadrangle, located at 3700 Spruce Street, is divided into three College Houses: **Fisher Hassenfeld**, **Ware**, and **Riepe**. The houses are named for James and Gail Riepe, John H. Ware III, Anne and Jerome Fisher, and Alan G. Hassenfeld.

Though the entire Quadrangle building is interconnected, much of the programming is housed within individual college houses. All three houses are for freshmen only. Lounges, libraries, and laundry rooms are located throughout the building and are shared by all residents of the Quad. The section of the building that now comprises much of Fisher Hassenfeld was the first dormitory built on Penn's campus.

The University is currently renovating the Quadrangle with a budget of $238.15 million. This renovation is happening over three summers between 2023 and 2025, requiring the closure of one College House each year to allow for construction. The University has leased The Radian and The Axis apartment buildings to ensure that enough beds will be available to house all the first- and second-year students during the closures in the Quad.

## Hill College House

**Hill College House**, located at 3333 Walnut Street, is one of the largest college houses at the University of Pennsylvania. Hill was designed in 1958 by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, who also designed the St. Louis Arch, the former TWA Flight Center at New York City's Kennedy Airport, and Dulles Airport. The building was unusual for its time, incorporating an interior atrium. Originally the women's dormitory, Hill is now co-ed and houses only freshmen. There is a dining hall in the lower level of the building.

In common with other buildings constructed at the height of the Cold War, the basement of Hill contains a fallout shelter, which links to the University's utility tunnels. The building was closed for renovation for the entire 2016-2017 school year.

## Kings Court English College House

**King's Court English College House**, located at 3465 Sansom Street, was the first college house to host a residential program. Like Hill, it is a freshmen-only house and has a dining hall on the ground floor. King's Court was originally a luxury apartment building, and was restricted to nursing students only from World War II until 1975. English House, funded in 1960 by alum Thomas English, was officially incorporated into the college house in 1978.

## Lauder College House

**Lauder College House**, is the second newest building in the College House system and the first to be designed specifically for the College House system. It first opened to students for the 2016-17 school year and was designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, who also specialize in the Apple Store design. Formerly known as New College House, it was renamed Lauder College House in 2019 after the Lauder Family of Estee Lauder, a family with multiple generations of Penn alumni who have donated extensively to the university.

## Gutmann College House

**Gutmann College House** (f/k/a New College House West) replaced Lauder College House as the newest building in the College House system. Situated next to the three high rises and two low rises in High Rise Field, it opened to students in the Fall of the 2021-2022 academic year.

## High Rises

**Harnwell College House**, **Harrison College House**, and **Rodin College House** collectively make up the three High Rise dormitories. Along with the two Low Rise dorms, they are located off of Locust Walk between 38th and 40th streets in what is referred to as High Rise Field. Each high rise building contains 24 floors of residential housing, as well as rooftop and lobby study lounges. All three houses are open to any and all upperclassmen students.

The three high rises were designed identically by G. Holmes Perkins, a former Dean of the Design School, and constructed in 1971-72. They opened as High Rise East, High Rise South, and High Rise North respectively, but have since been renamed for W. Welsh Harrison, Gaylord Harnwell, and Judith Rodin, the latter two of which were presidents of the university.

## Stouffer College House

**Stouffer College House** contains both Stouffer Hall and Mayer Hall. Stouffer Hall, located at 3702 Spruce Street, opened in 1972 and was one of the first College Houses. Mayer Hall, located diagonally across the street at 3817 Spruce Street, opened a few years earlier in 1964. However, Mayer was not officially incorporated into Stouffer College House until 2001. Mayer is named for Harold C. Mayer, a former University trustee. Stouffer Hall formerly had a dining hall, which was closed in 2001. Stouffer Hall was closed for renovations during the 2022-2023 academic year, reopening in fall 2023 after receiving $29.8 million in upgrades including ADA compliance.

## Low Rises

**W. E. B. Du Bois** and **Gregory College Houses** are two low-rise counterparts to the high rises on the west side of campus. Du Bois is located to the north of the high rises on Walnut Street and Gregory is to the south on Spruce Street. The buildings, however, can only be accessed via pedestrian pathways on opposite side of the streets. Both buildings are four-year communities, open to any students.

Du Bois, originally Low Rise North, is named for W. E. B. Du Bois, who spent time conducting research at Penn for his 1899 publication *The Philadelphia Negro*. Du Bois focuses on supporting the pursuit of African American culture. Many of its activities are co-sponsored by various campus organizations including the Black student League, Muslim Students Association, and the LGBT Center.

Gregory, originally Low Rise South, is named for Emily Lovira Gregory, a botanist who was the first female faculty member at Penn. Gregory focuses on events geared towards film studies and foreign language programs.


title: GoCary

abstract: GoCary is the public transportation provider in Cary, a community in the Research Triangle urbanized area in North Carolina. While the city of Raleigh provides service to most of the county via GoRaleigh, Cary opted to retain its own town-owned system. Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill, Cary, and Wake Forest, the five cities that constitute the region, are connected by GoTriangle. Fixed-route service operates Monday through Saturday from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and Sundays from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. As part of the GoTransit branding initiative for the Triangle, GoCary changed its name from Cary Transit or C-Tran on October 1, 2016.

text:
# GoCary

**GoCary** is the public transportation provider in Cary, a community in the Research Triangle urbanized area in North Carolina. While the city of Raleigh provides service to most of the county via GoRaleigh, Cary opted to retain its own town-owned system. Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill, Cary, and Wake Forest, the five cities that constitute the region, are connected by GoTriangle. Fixed-route service operates Monday through Saturday from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and Sundays from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. As part of the GoTransit branding initiative for the Triangle, GoCary changed its name from **Cary Transit** or **C-Tran** on October 1, 2016.

## Services

### GoCary

GoCary's fixed-route bus service consists of nine routes: Most routes terminate downtown on Hillsboro Street beside the train station where connections can also be made with GoTriangle's **300, 301, and 310** routes. They also run an express route connecting Apex and Cary.

All fixed route buses are equipped with wheelchair lifts, bike racks, GPS, automated bus stop annunciation system, and electronic fareboxes. Passengers can access real-time bus information system for all system routes by downloading the free Transloc app on their smartphones.

The town began offering general public fixed-route service in December 2005. The town utilizes the services of a regional call center, phone number: (919) 485–7433, to handle all inquiries about fixed-route services.

In fiscal year 2014, GoCary provided 301,860 one-way passenger trips on their general public fixed-route system. Extended hours from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. were initiated in July 2014.

GoCary also provides door-to-door transit services for citizens 60+ years old and those with disabilities. Service is provided Monday through Saturday from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Approximately 45,000 one-way passenger trips are provided annually on the door-to-door services.

C-Train utilized a dark blue body with one white spiral, depicting the logo. GoCary uses cyan, light blue, and blue-green triangles on a gray body.

### GoApex

GoApex is the transit system serving the Town of Apex. The town collaborated with GoCary to provide service to the GA1 route, which began in August 2022. GoApex also collaborated with GoWake ACCESS to provide their own paratransit services, called **GoApex Door-to-Door**. They currently operate the GA1 route every hour from 6 am to 10 pm, Mondays to Saturdays. It's also fare-free.

## Current Service

### Route List

| Route | Destinations | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1 | Crossroads** | **Crossroads Plaza**
Crossroads Blvd at Marshalls |  | **Downtown Cary**
Cary Station |
| **3 | Harrison Avenue** | | **SAS Institute** **\- Harrison Oaks**
Harrison Oaks Blvd at N Harrison Ave |  |
| **4 | High House Road** | | **High House Crossing**
NC 55 at Green Level West Rd |  |
| **5 | Kildaire Farm Road** | | **Crescent Commons**
Crescent Commons Dr at Crescent Green |  |
| **6 | Buck Jones Road** | | **Plaza West Shopping Center** |  |
| **7 | Weston** | | **Lake Crabtree**
Harrison Oaks Blvd at N Harrison Ave |  |
| **8 | Cary Parkway** | **Bond Park**
Maynard Crossing at Harris Teeter |  | **REX Wellness Center** |
| **ACX | Apex-Cary Express** | **Downtown Apex**
Apex Park and Ride |  | **Downtown Cary**
Cary Station |
| **GA1 | GoApex Route 1** | **Downtown Apex**
Hunter St at Town Hall Campus |  | **Western Apex**
Olive Chapel Professional Park |

## Future

### Wake Transit Plan

While intended for GoRaleigh, the plan is also providing beneficial changes to GoCary/GoApex and GoTriangle services. As of now, the plan has already changed services in Cary. These benefits are:

* Added 30-minute frequencies from 9 am to 3 pm on routes **3, 4, 5, and 6** during Mondays-Saturdays.
* Introduced GoTriangle's **310** route, connecting Regional Transit Center in Durham and Cary Station during weekdays.
* Added bus route to Weston Parkway (route 7) and Park West Shopping Center. In FY2021, service was increased to 30-minute service.
* Introduce an Apex-Cary Express route (**ACX**), which will both support GoTriangle's existing **305** route.
* Add service during holidays and Sundays.

Major plans are planned for Cary for the upcoming decade. These are the planned changes for the future:

* Change GoCary's **6** route, which connects Cary Towne Center and Cary Station, extend to a new route, named the **9B | Buck Jones**, which will extend to NC State Fairgrounds to connect with GoRaleigh's new **9** route and provide transfers to GoTriangle's **300 and 305** routes.
    + Add another route connecting Downtown Cary and NC State Fairgrounds via Chapel Hill Road & Trinity Road, named the **9A | Hillsborough - Trinity.** This will also provide connections to GoRaleigh's new **9** route.
* Add a BRT service connecting Downtown Raleigh and Cary Station, which will serve major destinations. Service provided would be 10–15 minutes during peak hours and 20 minutes during weekends.

### Advance Apex Plan

For GoApex, the town of Apex has their own plan to expand service before 2045. Funding has been given since 2019 by the town of Apex, GoCary/Town of Cary, and GoWake ACCESS. The plan has already started, providing Apex's first fixed-route service and paratransit services.

However, plans are for this town to expand bus service further. These are the possible proposals that the plan offers:

* Add additional local routes, serving different communities.
* Create a Durham-Apex Express connector route, most likely operated by GoTriangle.
* Enhance regional connections to Apex. (GoTriangle's **305 and 311** routes.)

* Media related to GoCary at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

GoCary
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 2001 |
| Headquarters | Town of Cary, 316 N. Academy St., NC 27513 |
| Locale | Cary, North Carolina |
| Service area | Cary and portion of Raleigh |
| Service type | Transit bus |
| Routes | 9 |
| Stops | 200+ |
| Hubs | 2 |
| Stations | 1 - Cary Depot |
| Fleet | 29 vehicles |
| Annual ridership | 320,000 fixed routes and paratransit FY13 |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Operator | MV Transportation, Inc. |
| Chief executive | Kelly Blazey, Transit Administrator |
| Website | GoCary |


title: GoDai: Elemental Force

abstract: GoDai: Elemental Force is a video game released by The 3DO Company for PlayStation 2 in 2002. Initially the game was scheduled to release in Fall 2001.

text:
# GoDai: Elemental Force

***GoDai: Elemental Force*** is a video game released by The 3DO Company for PlayStation 2 in 2002. Initially the game was scheduled to release in Fall 2001.

## Gameplay

*GoDai* is a 3D action game with emphasis on melee combat. The game's environments are displayed through fixed camera angles.

The player controls a ninja named Hiro, who starts the game unarmed but can collect a variety of Asian weapons throughout the game. These include blades such as swords and knives, spears and axes; all of which can be used to execute combo attacks. Larger weapons such as polearms have a longer reach, allowing Hiro to attack enemies without getting too close. Two weapons that the player has previously collected can be taken into each subsequent mission, more appear throughout the missions themselves, allowing Hiro to increase the amount of weapons he is carrying. Ranged weapons including shurikens and smoke bombs, and several types of ranged magical attacks like fireballs, can also be employed in tandem with close-quarters weapons.

Hiro possesses the ability to glide through the air by willpower alone, during which the player retains full control of Hiro's movement as he descends. The effect has been likened to wire-fu movies and takes the place of jumping in the game, allowing the player to bypass combat and traverse the game world. Some enemies are able to use this ability too, and will pursue Hiro through the air. Hiro also has the ability to roll, a dodging move, which is accompanied by a *Max Payne*-like bullet-time effect.

## Reception

The game received "generally unfavorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Pong Sifu of *GamePro* said, "Though the game's gliding feature is an inspired concept, trying to execute it, as well as most other moves, can be incredibly irritating due to extremely temperamental and unresponsive controls. Skip this one and watch *The Swordsman II* \[*sic*\] instead."

The game was nominated for the "Worst Game of the Year on PlayStation 2" award at *GameSpot*'s Best and Worst of 2002 Awards, which went to *Gravity Games Bike: Street Vert Dirt*.

1. "3DO Announces GoDai(TM): Elemental Force for the Playstation(R)2 Computer Entertainment System". *Yahoo! Finance*. Yahoo! Inc. July 10, 2001. Archived from the original on August 20, 2001. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
2. Fujita, Akira Mark (February 7, 2002). "Godai Elemental Force \[sic\]". *IGN*. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
3. Lopez, Miguel (January 25, 2002). "GoDai: Elemental Force Review". *GameSpot*. Fandom. Archived from the original on January 28, 2002. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
4. "GoDai: Elemental Force". *Metacritic*. Fandom. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
5. Tapia, James (February 18, 2002). "Godai: Elemental Force \[sic\]". *The Electric Playground*. Greedy Productions Ltd. Archived from the original on August 22, 2002. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
6. Hodgson, David (January 28, 2002). "GoDai: Elemental Force". *GameSpy*. GameSpy Industries. Archived from the original on February 8, 2005. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
7. Rybicki, Joe (March 2002). "Godai: Elemental Force \[sic\]". *Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine*. No. 54. Ziff Davis. p. 106. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
8. Pong Sifu (March 2002). "GoDai: Elemental Force" (PDF). *GamePro*. No. 162. IDG. p. 99. Archived from the original on February 12, 2005. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
9. GameSpot staff (December 23, 2002). "GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2002 (Worst Game of the Year on PlayStation 2)". *GameSpot*. CNET. Archived from the original on February 2, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Godai Elemental Force | |
| --- | --- |
| European cover art | |
| Developer(s) | The 3DO Company |
| Publisher(s) | The 3DO Company |
| Director(s) | David Fruin |
| Designer(s) | Benjamin Cholewinski |
| Composer(s) | Ashif Hakik |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 2 |
| Release | * NA: January 21, 2002 * EU: March 1, 2002 |
| Genre(s) | Action |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: University of London Press

abstract: The University of London Press is a publishing house that is part of the University of London. Based in the School of Advanced Study at Senate House, it "seeks to facilitate collaborative, inclusive, open access interchange, within and beyond the academy."

text:
# University of London Press

The **University of London Press** (also known as **UoL Press**) is a publishing house that is part of the University of London. Based in the School of Advanced Study at Senate House, it "seeks to facilitate collaborative, inclusive, open access interchange, within and beyond the academy."

## History

The University of London Press was originally established in 1910. From 1949 to 1979 it was known as Athlone Press.

In 2019, the University of London Press was relaunched as an open access publisher, and in 2023 the Press rebranded with a new logo, website and mission, aiming to "open up humanities research"

## Publishing

The University of London Press publishes cutting-edge humanities research. They are a non-profit, predominantly open access university press and offer authors a friendly, professional and collaborative publishing experience.

They publish 20—25 books a year across the humanities disciplines, publishing work that highlights the importance of humanities research and opens up debate.

They publish with a wide range of partners who benefit from the experience and flexibility they offer in meeting the needs of specific disciplines and research institutions. The Press is an integral part of the School of Advanced Study (SAS) at the University of London, which has enabled them to forge long-lasting and productive relationships within SAS, across its international renowned humanities institutes and with leading scholars. Several of their book series are published in association with the institutes (listed below) and other scholarly associations such the Royal Historical Society, and offer important venues for new humanities research both within and across disciplines.

The University of London Press has partnerships with the following institutes of the School of Advanced Study:

## InfoBox

University of London Press
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Parent company | University of London |
| Status | Active |
| Founded | 1910; Reestablished 2019 |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Headquarters location | London, England |
| Distribution | Chicago Distribution Center; Ingram Publisher Services UK |
| Publication types | Books and Journals |
| Nonfiction topics | Humanities |
| No. of employees | 4 |
| Official website | uolpress.co.uk |


title: Molt, Montana

abstract: Molt is an unincorporated rural village located in Stillwater County, Montana, United States, which has a post office ZIP code (59057) and several granaries. A hardware store still stands, which stood as the Prairie Winds cafe for many years; today the building remains unoccupied. The village elevation is 3,966 feet. Molt appears on the Molt U.S. Geological Survey Map.

text:
# Molt, Montana

**Molt** is an unincorporated rural village located in Stillwater County, Montana, United States, which has a post office ZIP code (59057) and several granaries. A hardware store still stands, which stood as the Prairie Winds cafe for many years; today the building remains unoccupied.

The village elevation is 3,966 feet. Molt appears on the Molt U.S. Geological Survey Map.

## History

Molt thrived as a busy and well developed agricultural community on the edge of Yellowstone County. Several large grain elevators were erected and a few historic buildings are still standing today. The Northern Pacific Railway had a stop in Molt en route to Hesper, Wheat Basin and Rapelje, Montana.

Although the town has declined significantly with the withdrawal of the railroad, a few of its elevators are still in operation.

A post office was first established in the Molt area in 1909. The office was originally known as Stickley and was located on a nearby ranch. In 1918, the office was moved to town and the name changed to Molt (named for the person who donated the land for the townsite).

1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
2. "Molt". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
3. "Molt". *Montana Place Names Companion*. Montana Historical Society. Retrieved April 7, 2021.

## InfoBox

| Molt, Montana | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Molt, MontanaMolt, Montana | |
| Coordinates: 45°51′41″N 108°55′40″W / 45.86139°N 108.92778°W / 45.86139; -108.92778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Montana |
| County | Yellowstone |
| Government | |
| mayor | Chase Keating |
| Elevation | 3,966 ft (1,209 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 597 |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| ZIP code | 59057 |
| Area code | 406 |
| GNIS feature ID | 777090 |


title: Godzimierz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Godzimierz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczecinek, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Szczecinek and 149 km (93 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. The village has a population of 250.

text:
# Godzimierz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Godzimierz** \[ɡɔˈd͡ʑimjɛʂ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczecinek, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Szczecinek and 149 km (93 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 250.

## InfoBox

| Godzimierz | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Godzimierz | |
| Coordinates: 53°42′20″N 16°46′8″E / 53.70556°N 16.76889°E / 53.70556; 16.76889 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Szczecinek |
| Gmina | Szczecinek |
| Population | 250 |


title: Money Madness (video game)

abstract: Money Madness is a 1980 video game published by Instant Software for the TRS-80.

text:
# Money Madness (video game)

***Money Madness*** is a 1980 video game published by Instant Software for the TRS-80.

## Contents

*Money Madness* is a package containing two game programs, *Millionaire* and *Timber Baron*.

## Reception

Bruce Campbell reviewed *Money Madness* in *The Space Gamer* No. 39. Campbell commented that "For those interested in a business simulation, I recommend this package. Many single programs cost more. While *Timber Baron* is of primary interest, you may also enjoy a few games of *Millionaire*."

## Reviews

## InfoBox

| Money Madness | |
| --- | --- |
| Publisher(s) | Instant Software |
| Platform(s) | TRS-80 |
| Release | 1980 |


title: Money Maker (Reloaded)

abstract: Money Maker (Reloaded), alternatively spelled Money Maker (Re-Loaded), is the debut album by American rapper Froggy Fresh, originally released on December 21, 2012. The album was originally titled Money Maker. The album was named for Money Maker Mike. On April 23, 2014, a remastered version of the album was released.

text:
# Money Maker (Reloaded)

***Money Maker (Reloaded)***, alternatively spelled ***Money Maker (Re-Loaded)***, is the debut album by American rapper Froggy Fresh, originally released on December 21, 2012. The album was originally titled ***Money Maker***. The album was named for Money Maker Mike. On April 23, 2014, a remastered version of the album was released.

## Background

Froggy Fresh originally created songs under the name "Krispy Kreme". Starting with "The Baddest", these songs, accompanied by music videos, went viral. However, in December 2012, the rapper was forced to change his name by the Krispy Kreme doughnut company. While the rapper was intending to change his name to Jelly Bean Jack, the rapper opted to instead change his name to Froggy Fresh. The original title of the album was going to be *Money Maker*. However, due to the rapper being forced to change his name and the words "Krispy Kreme" being mentioned on the album's tracks, the album was discarded. Then the album was instead released as an extended version of the discarded album including an additional four tracks originally being held off for Froggy's following album. The music videos were treated similarly, as they were deleted and later re-uploaded in February 2013 with any mention of "Krispy Kreme" being dubbed over with "Froggy Fresh" or muted.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Froggy Fresh

*Money Maker (Reloaded)* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Baddest" | 3:46 |
| 2. | "Haters Wanna Be Me" | 2:30 |
| 3. | "Best Friends" | 3:26 |
| 4. | "Girl Work It" | 4:35 |
| 5. | "Stolen Bikes" | 3:28 |
| 6. | "Coolest Guys" | 3:02 |
| 7. | "The Fight" | 2:25 |
| 8. | "Denzel Washington" | 3:25 |
| 9. | "Me and Daniel Tosh" | 2:01 |
| 10. | "Halloween" | 3:37 |
| 11. | "Christmas" | 2:44 |
| 12. | "Same Old Kid" | 4:19 |
| 13. | "Mikes Mom" | 3:35 |
| 14. | "Er" | 3:03 |
| 15. | "Er" (live; remix) | 2:53 |
| Total length: | | 48:17 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *Money Maker (Reloaded)*
| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Comedy Albums (*Billboard*) | 3 |

## InfoBox

| Money Maker (Reloaded) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Froggy Fresh | |
| Released | December 21, 2012 (2012-12-21) |
| Recorded | April–December, 2012 |
| Genre | Hip hop, Comedy |
| Length | 48:17 |
| Froggy Fresh chronology | |
| ***Money Maker (Reloaded)***
(2012) *Dream Team*
(2014) | |


title: Gmina Koprzywnica

abstract: Gmina Koprzywnica is an urban-rural gmina in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Koprzywnica, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The gmina covers an area of 69.19 square kilometres (26.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,043.

text:
# Gmina Koprzywnica

**Gmina Koprzywnica** is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Koprzywnica, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 69.19 square kilometres (26.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,043 (out of which the population of Koprzywnica amounts to 2,531, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,512).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Koprzywnica, Gmina Koprzywnica contains the villages and settlements of Beszyce, Błonie, Ciszyca, Dmosice, Gnieszowice, Kamieniec, Krzcin, Łukowiec, Niedźwice, Postronna, Sośniczany, Trzykosy, Zarudcze, Zbigniewice and Zbigniewice-Kolonia.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Koprzywnica is bordered by the city of Tarnobrzeg and by the gminas of Klimontów, Łoniów and Samborzec.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Koprzywnica Koprzywnica Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Gmina Koprzywnica | |
| Coordinates (Koprzywnica): 50°35′26″N 21°35′1″E / 50.59056°N 21.58361°E / 50.59056; 21.58361 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Sandomierz |
| Seat | Koprzywnica |
| Area | |
| Total | 69.19 km2 (26.71 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 6,901 |
| Density | 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Urban | 2,575 |
| Rural | 4,326 |
| Website | http://www.koprzywnica.pl |


title: Monica Casiraghi

abstract: Monica Casiraghi is an Italian ultrarunner from Missaglia, who won the IAU 100 km World Championships in 2003 after finishing third in 2001 and 2002. She is also the Italian world record holder for a 24-hour race, during which she covered 231 km in the 2010 World Championships in Brive, France. She ran her first ultramarathon in 1997. In 2006 and 2007 she was European Champion for the 100 km races. She won the silver medal in the European Championship in 2009 and the bronze medal the following year. In 2010, she won the silver medal at the World Championship (100 km). In 2011, she won the Lago di Como ultratrail.

text:
# Monica Casiraghi

**Monica Casiraghi** is an Italian ultrarunner from Missaglia, who won the IAU 100 km World Championships in 2003 after finishing third in 2001 and 2002. She is also the Italian world record holder for a 24-hour race, during which she covered 231 km in the 2010 World Championships in Brive, France. She ran her first ultramarathon in 1997. In 2006 and 2007 she was European Champion for the 100 km races. She won the silver medal in the European Championship in 2009 and the bronze medal the following year. In 2010, she won the silver medal at the World Championship (100 km). In 2011, she won the Lago di Como ultratrail.


title: Monica Chan

abstract: Monica Chan Fat-yung is a Hong Kong actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Hong Kong 1989 pageant. Before her acting days, Chan graduated from high school in Canada and attended University of Hawaiʻi. Before she finished her bachelor's degree, she returned to Hong Kong to enter the Miss Hong Kong Pageant. She also gained certificate for diving instructor qualifications.

text:
# Monica Chan

**Monica Chan Fat-yung** (Chinese: 陳法蓉) is a Hong Kong actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Hong Kong 1989 pageant.

Before her acting days, Chan graduated from high school in Canada and attended University of Hawaiʻi. Before she finished her bachelor's degree, she returned to Hong Kong to enter the Miss Hong Kong Pageant. She also gained certificate for diving instructor qualifications.

## Career

Monica was signed to TVB after she won the Miss HK beauty pageant. She went on to compete in the Miss Chinese International 1989 where she finished as 1st runner up. She also took part in the international beauty pageant, Miss Universe 1990 where she finished 23rd. After nearly ten years with TVB, she left TVB and joined ATV. She has worked with some popular actors and actresses like Dicky Cheung, Ruby Lin and Anthony Wong. Her last role was in 2005 in The Royal Swordsmen. In the recent years, Monica is less involved with the entertainment industry. While occasionally spotted in award shows and promoting various products as a spokesperson, she hasn't been featured in any HK dramas or movies for several years.

## Filmography

### Television series

| Year | English title | Original title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *The Challenge of Life* | 人在邊緣 |  |  |
| 1991 | *The Crime File* | 幹探群英 | Grace |  |
| | *The Family Squad* | 卡拉屋 |  | Episodes 69-71 |
| 1992 | *The Key Man* | 巨人 |  |  |
| 1993 | *The Edge of Righteousness* | 龍兄鼠弟 |  |  |
| 1996 | *ICAC Investigators 1996* | 廉政行動1996 |  |  |
| 1997 | *Corner the Con Man* | 皇家反千組 |  |  |
| | *Detective Investigation Files III* | 刑事偵緝檔案III | Pak Yan-tung |  |
| | *A Recipe for the Heart* | 美味天王 | Fanny | Guest star |
| | *I Can't Accept Corruption* | 廉政追緝令 |  |  |
| 1999 | *A Smiling Ghost Story* | 衝上人間 |  |  |
| 2000 | *Time Off* | 生命有TAKE2 |  |  |
| | *A Dream Named Desire* | 美麗傳說 | Rita |  |
| 2001 | *The Duke of Mount Deer* | 小寶與康熙 | Long'er |  |
| | *The New Adventures of Chor Lau-heung* | 新楚留香 | Feng Nanyan |  |
| 2003 | *Paradise* | 水月洞天 | Yin Tianxue |  |
| | *Thunder Cops* | 暴風型警 |  |  |
| 2005 | *The Royal Swordsmen* | 天下第一 | Suxin |  |
| | *A Dream Named Desire II* | 美麗傳說2星願 |  |  |
| | *Ba Zhen Tu* | 八陣圖 | Shi Huan |  |
| 2006 | *Wu Dang 2* | 武當2 |  |  |
| 2014 | *V Love* | 微時代之戀·初戀篇 |  |  |
| 2017 | *Bet Hur* | 賭城群英會 |  |  |
| 2023 | *Night Beauties* | 一舞傾城 | Sha Ching-ha |  |

### Film

| Year | English title | Original title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *Perfect Girls* | 靚足100分 | Hua Mu Lan |  |
| | *God of Gamblers II* | 賭俠 | Long Kau / Kowloon |  |
| 1991 | *Casino Raiders II* | 至尊無上II永霸天下 | Kit's ex-girlfriend |  |
| | *The Banquet* | 豪門夜宴 |  |  |
| 1992 | *Shogun and Little Kitchen* | 伙頭福星 | Jacqueline Kwok |  |
| | *Gun n' Rose* | 龍騰四海 | Monica Shum |  |
| 1993 | *The Beheaded 1000* | 千人斬 | Chow Ying |  |
| | *The Tigers: The Legend of Canton* | 廣東五虎之鐵拳無敵孫中山 | A Lam |  |
| 1994 | *Out on a Limb* | 殺之戀 |  | Television film |
| 1997 | *Full Alert* | 高度戒備 | Yee |  |
| | *Those Were the Days* | 精裝難兄難弟 | Chau |  |
| | *Haunted Karaoke* | 猛鬼卡拉OK | Md Anna Tsui |  |
| | *Option Zero* | G4特工 | Monica Leung |  |
| 1998 | *The Love and Sex of the Eastern Hollywood* | 愛在娛樂圈的日子 | Queenie |  |
| | *Super Fans* | 戲迷狂情 |  |  |
| 1999 | *Love and Sex in Sung Dynasty* | 宋朝風月 |  |  |
| | *The Northern Swordsman* | 北俠歐陽春 |  |  |
| | *The Untold Story III* | 四人幫之錢唔夠洗 | Frances |  |
| | *14 Days Before Suicide* | 自殺前14天 |  |  |
| 2000 | *I.Q. Dudettes* | 辣椒教室 | Miss Lau |  |
| | *My Name is Nobody* | 賭聖3無名小子 | Mee |  |
| | *Treasure Hunter* | 潛龍奪寶 | Monica Cheung |  |
| | *Double Tap* | 鎗王 | Ellen |  |
| | *Love Correction* | 緣份有Take 2 | Porsche |  |
| | *Detective* | 失蹤大搜查 |  |  |
| 2003 | *My Pretty Wife* | 我老婆未夠惡 | Wei |  |
| 2004 | *One Nite in Mongkok* | 旺角黑夜 | Milo's wife |  |
| 2008 | *The Luckiest Man* | 大四喜 | Yung |  |
| 2011 | *Men Suddenly in Love* | 猛男滾死隊 | Nana Lam |  |
| 2014 | *Turn Around* |  |  |  |
| 2017 | *The Golden Monk* |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Monica Chan | |
| --- | --- |
| Chinese: 陳法蓉 | |
| Chan in 2018 | |
| Born | Hong Kong |
| Other names | Chan Fat-yung, Chen Farong, Chen Fa-Rong, Chan Fat-Yun, Monica Chen |
| Alma mater | University of Hawaiʻi |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, model |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 陳法蓉 |
| Simplified Chinese | 陈法蓉 |
| Transcriptions | |
|  | |
|  | |