title: Peter J. Ward

abstract: Peter Joseph Ward was an Irish Sinn Féin politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) in the Dáil Éireann from 1919 to 1924. Ward was born Faiafannan, County Donegal on 1 November 1891 and was the son of schoolteacher John Ward and Anne Byrne. He was elected at the 1918 general election as a Sinn Féin candidate in the Donegal South constituency. As with the other Sinn Féin MPs, he did not take his seat in the British House of Commons, sitting instead in the revolutionary First Dáil, which met in the Mansion House, Dublin in January, 1919. He was elected in the 1921 general election to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland for the new Donegal constituency, but he and the other Sinn Féin members again declined to take their seats, sitting instead in the Second Dáil. At the 1922 general election, he was returned to the Third Dáil as a pro-treaty Sinn Féin TD, and re-elected at the 1923 general election for the new Cumann na nGaedheal Party. He resigned his seat on 1 August 1924, and at the resulting by-election on 20 November 1924 was won by the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate Denis McCullough, who had been president of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) during the Easter Rising of 1916.

text:
# Peter J. Ward

**Peter Joseph Ward** (1 November 1891 – 6 January 1970) was an Irish Sinn Féin (later Cumann na nGaedheal) politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) in the Dáil Éireann from 1919 to 1924.

Ward was born Faiafannan, County Donegal on 1 November 1891 and was the son of schoolteacher John Ward and Anne Byrne.

He was elected at the 1918 general election as a Sinn Féin candidate in the Donegal South constituency. As with the other Sinn Féin MPs, he did not take his seat in the British House of Commons, sitting instead in the revolutionary First Dáil, which met in the Mansion House, Dublin in January, 1919.

He was elected in the 1921 general election to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland for the new Donegal constituency, but he and the other Sinn Féin members again declined to take their seats, sitting instead in the Second Dáil.

At the 1922 general election, he was returned to the Third Dáil as a pro-treaty Sinn Féin TD, and re-elected at the 1923 general election for the new Cumann na nGaedheal Party. He resigned his seat on 1 August 1924, and at the resulting by-election on 20 November 1924 was won by the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate Denis McCullough, who had been president of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) during the Easter Rising of 1916.

## InfoBox

| Peter J. Ward | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
May 1921  1 August 1924 | |
| Constituency | Donegal |
| **In office**
December 1918  May 1921 | |
| Constituency | Donegal South |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1891-11-01)1 November 1891
County Donegal, Ireland |
| Died | 1 June 1970(1970-06-01) (aged 78)
County Donegal, Ireland |
| Political party |  |
|  | |


title: Green Line (The Vine)

abstract: The Green Line, also known as The Vine on Fourth Plain, is a bus rapid transit (BRT) route in Vancouver, Washington, that is operated by C-Tran as part of The Vine system. The 6-mile-long (9.7 km) line runs from downtown Vancouver to the Vancouver Mall, serving 34 stations primarily on Fourth Plain Boulevard. It opened on January 8, 2017, becoming the first bus rapid transit line in the Portland metropolitan area. The corridor was identified as a possible BRT route in 2005 and was originally named the Fourth Plain BRT Project. The routing was approved for BRT development in 2012 by C-Tran, the Vancouver City Council, and the Federal Transit Administration and construction began in August 2015. The $53 million project is primarily funded by a Federal Transit Administration grant that was secured in late 2015. The Vine replaced two bus routes that carried over 6,000 trips daily. A second line in The Vine system, the Red Line on Mill Plain Boulevard, opened on October 1, 2023.

text:
# Green Line (The Vine)

The **Green Line**, also known as **The Vine on Fourth Plain**, is a bus rapid transit (BRT) route in Vancouver, Washington, that is operated by C-Tran as part of The Vine system. The 6-mile-long (9.7 km) line runs from downtown Vancouver to the Vancouver Mall, serving 34 stations primarily on Fourth Plain Boulevard. It opened on January 8, 2017, becoming the first bus rapid transit line in the Portland metropolitan area.

The corridor was identified as a possible BRT route in 2005 and was originally named the Fourth Plain BRT Project. The routing was approved for BRT development in 2012 by C-Tran, the Vancouver City Council, and the Federal Transit Administration and construction began in August 2015. The $53 million project is primarily funded by a Federal Transit Administration grant that was secured in late 2015. The Vine replaced two bus routes that carried over 6,000 trips daily. A second line in The Vine system, the Red Line on Mill Plain Boulevard, opened on October 1, 2023.

## Route

The Vine's Green Line begins at Turtle Place, a former park that was once home to a C-Tran bus station, located on 7th Street between Washington and Main streets in downtown Vancouver and one block east of Esther Short Park. Within downtown Vancouver, buses travel in a one-way pair, southbound on Washington Street and northbound on Broadway Street, before turning east onto McLoughlin Boulevard and crossing under Interstate 5. The Green Line then stops at the Marshall/Luepke Community Center on the east side of the freeway and turns onto Fort Vancouver Way, heading northeast to serve the campus of Clark College with two stops as well as the Vancouver campus of the VA Medical Center. The route turns eastward once again at Fourth Plain Boulevard, following the corridor as it parallels the State Route 500 freeway to the north. At Thurston Way, the Green Line turns north towards its final approach to the Vancouver Mall, where the line terminates.

Along the route, the Green Line has several queue jumps installed to give buses priority at traffic signals.

## Stations

The Green Line serves 34 stations located in the city of Vancouver, Washington, primarily on Fourth Plain Boulevard between Downtown Vancouver and Vancouver Mall, located approximately 13 mile (0.54 km) apart. Stations consist of a 50-foot-long (15 m) platform that is raised for level boarding, and includes shelters and windscreens, ticket vending machines, real-time arrival signs.

| Stations | Direction(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7th Street at Turtle Place |  | Western terminus |
| Washington & 12th Street | Westbound |  |
| Broadway & 13th Street | Eastbound |  |
| Broadway & 15th Street | Eastbound |  |
| McLoughlin & Washington Street | Westbound |  |
| Marshall/Luepke Community Center | Bidirectional |  |
| Central Campus | Bidirectional | Serves Clark College |
| Gaiser Hall | Bidirectional | |
| Fort Vancouver Way & Fourth Plain | Westbound |  |
| Fourth Plain & Fort Vancouver Way | Eastbound |  |
| Grand Boulevard | Bidirectional |  |
| Todd Road | Bidirectional |  |
| General Anderson | Bidirectional |  |
| Stapleton Road | Bidirectional |  |
| 57th Avenue | Bidirectional |  |
| 65th Avenue | Bidirectional |  |
| Andresen Road | Bidirectional |  |
| 78th Avenue | Bidirectional |  |
| 86th Avenue | Bidirectional |  |
| Thurston Way | Bidirectional |  |
| Vancouver Mall Transit Center |  | Eastern terminus, uses bays A and B |

## Service and fares

Buses on the Green Line run every 10 minutes during peak hours and 15 minutes during off-peak periods and on weekends. Buses run from 4:30 a.m. to 12:40 am on weekdays and from 6:00 am to 12:25 am on weekends and holidays. A $1 adult fare, the same as existing local C-Tran service, is charged to ride The Vine.

The Vine accepts the Hop Fastpass contactless smart card fare system, a new system available throughout the Portland–Vancouver metropolitan area in coordination with TriMet and the Portland Streetcar. The system launched for the general public on July 1, 2017, on TriMet, the Portland Streetcar, and C-Tran. Hop card readers were installed at all Vine stations and used for the beta testing period prior to the public launch.

C-Tran also runs a shuttle bus, route 60, from Downtown Vancouver to Jantzen Beach, Hayden Island and the Delta Park/Vanport light rail station to cross the Columbia River like former routes 4 and 44.

## Fleet

The Vine uses a fleet of New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 diesel-electric hybrid buses that measure 60 feet (18 m) long and carry up to 100 people. The articulated buses are low-floor, have three doors, and include three interior bicycle racks. The first of ten buses were delivered in April 2016.

## History

The Southwest Washington Regional Transportation Council (RTC) began studying high-capacity transit for Vancouver and Clark County in 2008, and determined that bus rapid transit would be viable on four main corridors: Highway 99, Fourth Plain Boulevard, Interstate 205, and Mill Plain Boulevard. C-Tran, the county's transit agency, adopted a 20-year long-range plan in 2010 that recommended building the first bus rapid transit line on Fourth Plain. The Fourth Plain corridor had been served by local routes 4 and 44, the two busiest in the C-Tran system, which continued to northern Portland, Oregon.

Design concepts for a Fourth Plan bus rapid transit service were presented in 2011 and 2012, and a locally-preferred alternative was adopted by C-Tran, the Vancouver City Council, and RTC in 2012.

On November 6, 2012, C-Tran placed a 0.1 percent sales tax increase on the general election ballot to fund a light rail extension from Portland to Downtown Vancouver via a new bridge, as well as operating costs of the Fourth Plain bus rapid transit project. While the ballot measure was rejected, the bus rapid transit project moved forward and was granted Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funding in 2014. Opponents of the project filed a lawsuit in the Clark County Superior Court in 2014 to prevent C-Tran from receiving federal funds, arguing that the project did not meet the definition of "high-capacity transit" as required in the ballot measure language. The suit was dismissed in 2015, with the judge ruling in favor of C-Tran.

The project was named "The Vine" after a public naming contest in 2014, beating out other candidates by "evoking greenery, leaves and branches". A groundbreaking ceremony was held on August 24, 2015, kicking off construction of the $53 million project. The FTA confirmed its $38.5 million commitment to the project in September; the rest of the project is funded by C-Tran, and grants from the Washington State Department of Transportation and RTC.

In October 2016, C-Tran announced that The Vine would open on January 8, 2017. C-Tran held a community celebration on January 7, 2017, including a street fair and preview rides attended by 200 people. Service began on January 8, 2017, using 40-foot (12 m) buses in place of the service's articulated buses, and stopping at route 4 stops rather than stations, due to a winter storm. The articulated buses, which lack drop-down tire chains that would allow for operations in winter conditions, debuted the following day instead. In its first year of service, The Vine carried 45 percent more riders than Route 4 and operating costs decreased by 21 percent.

The Vine was the first bus rapid transit system to open in the Portland metropolitan area, and was followed in 2022 by the Frequent Express service between Portland and Gresham. In February 2018, the C-Tran Board of Directors approved a design contract for a potential bus rapid transit project on Mill Plain Boulevard, an east–west corridor to the south of The Vine's Fourth Plain Boulevard. Project construction on the Red Line began in September 2021 and the line is scheduled to begin service on October 1, 2023. As a result, the original line was renamed to the Green Line.

### Planned extension

The Green Line is also planned to be extended east into Orchards and south along Northeast 162nd Avenue to Fisher's Landing Transit Center, a major regional hub near the Columbia River, by 2026.

## InfoBox

| The Vine on Fourth Plain | |
| --- | --- |
| A Vine bus at the Washington & 12th station
in downtown Vancouver in 2017 | |
| Overview | |
| Operator | C-Tran |
| Vehicle | New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 |
| Began service | January 8, 2017 (2017-01-08) |
| Predecessors | C-Tran routes 4 and 44 |
| Route | |
| Route type | Bus rapid transit |
| Locale | Vancouver, Washington |
| Start | Downtown Vancouver |
| Via | Fort Vancouver Way, Fourth Plain Boulevard |
| End | Vancouver Mall Transit Center |
| Length | 6.7 mi (10.8 km) |
| Stations | 34 |
| Service | |
| Frequency | 10 minutes |
| Weekend frequency | 15 minutes |
| Journey time | 30 minutes |
| Operates | Weekdays: 4:30 am–1:06 am
Weekends: 6:00 am–12:51 am |
| Timetable | The Vine map and schedule |
| {{{system\_nav}}} | |


title: Malankowo

abstract: Malankowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lisewo, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Lisewo, 20 km (12 mi) east of Chełmno, and 34 km (21 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in the Chełmno Land in the historic region of Pomerania.

text:
# Malankowo

**Malankowo** \[malaŋˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lisewo, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Lisewo, 20 km (12 mi) east of Chełmno, and 34 km (21 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in the Chełmno Land in the historic region of Pomerania.

## History

During the German occupation (World War II), in 1939, local Polish teachers were murdered by the Germans in a massacre of Poles committed in nearby Klamry as part of the *Intelligenzaktion*.

## Transport

The Polish A1 motorway runs nearby, east of the village.

## InfoBox

| Malankowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Malankowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°20′N 18°43′E / 53.333°N 18.717°E / 53.333; 18.717 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Chełmno |
| Gmina | Lisewo |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | CCH |
| Highways |  |


title: Malkhaz Arziani

abstract: Malkhaz Arziani was a Georgian footballer. He is the father of Zurab Arziani. Malkhaz Arziani spent eight seasons in the Soviet Top League as a leftback between 1982 and 1990, followed by four successive seasons in Umaglesi Liga at Dinamo Tbilisi. He played his only cap for Georgia against Azerbaijan in September 1992. But at that time Azerbaijan was not a member of FIFA nor UEFA, so the match does not regard as official match.

text:
# Malkhaz Arziani

**Malkhaz Arziani** (15 August 1964 – 22 June 2022) was a Georgian footballer. He is the father of Zurab Arziani.

Malkhaz Arziani spent eight seasons in the Soviet Top League as a leftback between 1982 and 1990, followed by four successive seasons in Umaglesi Liga at Dinamo Tbilisi.

He played his only cap for Georgia against Azerbaijan in September 1992. But at that time Azerbaijan was not a member of FIFA nor UEFA, so the match does not regard as official match.

## InfoBox

Malkhaz Arziani
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Malkhaz Arziani | | |
| Date of birth | (1964-08-15)15 August 1964 | | |
| Place of birth | Poti, Soviet Union | | |
| Date of death | 22 June 2022(2022-06-22) (aged 57) | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1982 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 5 | (0) |
| 198 | Kolkheti-1913 Poti |  |  |
| 1984–1986 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 62 | (1) |
| 1987 | Dinamo Batumi | 2 | (0) |
| 1987 | Guria Lanchkhuti | 15 | (0) |
| 1987–1993 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 109 | (1) |
| 1993–1995 | Gällivare SK |  |  |
| 1995–1996 | FC Kolkheti-1913 Poti | 8 | (1) |
| 1997 | Gorda Rustavi | 3 | (0) |
| 1998 | Gällivare SK |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1992 | Georgia | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Malkhaz Cheishvili

abstract:
Malkhaz Cheishvili is a Georgian rugby union coach. He was the coach of Georgia at the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals. He managed to lose by less than a try to Ireland (10-14) and achieved the first win ever of his country at the Rugby World Cup finals, with Namibia (30-0).
He went on to coach the Georgia national team at the National Rugby Academy until 2008, and was the head coach of the Georgia national team at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, where he led the team to a 1-3 record. His lone World Cup win came against Namibia, a 30-0 win thanks to three tries from Akvcenti Ghiorghadze and the rest of the backs. In 2009 he was appointed coach of the Azerbaijan rugby team. He is currently the head coach of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Malkhaz Cheishvili

**Malkhaz Cheishvili** (Georgian: მალხაზ ჭეიშვილი) (born Tbilisi, 18 October 1959) is a Georgian rugby union coach. He was the coach of Georgia at the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals.

He managed to lose by less than a try to Ireland (10-14) and achieved the first win ever of his country at the Rugby World Cup finals, with Namibia (30-0). He went on to coach the Georgia national team at the National Rugby Academy until 2008, and was the head coach of the Georgia national team at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, where he led the team to a 1-3 record. His lone World Cup win came against Namibia, a 30-0 win thanks to three tries from Akvcenti Ghiorghadze and the rest of the backs.

In 2009 he was appointed coach of the Azerbaijan rugby team. He is currently the head coach of Azerbaijan.


title: The Armed Forces Hour

abstract: The Armed Forces Hour is an American television program broadcast on NBC October 30, 1949 - June 11, 1950 and on the DuMont Television Network February 4, 1951 - May 6, 1951. Despite the title of the series, it was a half-hour program.

text:
# The Armed Forces Hour

***The Armed Forces Hour*** is an American television program broadcast on NBC October 30, 1949 - June 11, 1950 and on the DuMont Television Network February 4, 1951 - May 6, 1951. Despite the title of the series, it was a half-hour program.

## NBC version

The program's purpose was to demonstrate that unification of American armed forces had brought about "increased efficiency and economy". *The Armed Forces Hour* was one of four TV series on the air in 1950 that resulted from creation of a single radio and television department for the American military with Charles E. Dillon heading the unit.

### Production

*The Armed Forces Hour* was "culled from the estimated 500 million feet of film" archived at the U.S. Department of Defense. Production was supervised by Major Robert Keim and Lieutenant Benjamin Greenberg. The program originated in NBC's studios in the Wardman Park Hotel in Washington with segments coming from military bases and field activities of military units. The Concert Orchestra and Singing Sergeants of the Air Force Band provided background music. Major Bob Keim and Navy Lieutenant Ben Greenberg were co-producers. The program was broadcast at 5 p.m. Eastern Time on Sundays.

### Episodes

Episodes of the program included:

* October 30, 1949 - "Your Defense Dollar"
* November 6, 1949 - "Medicine in the Armed Forces"
* November 13, 1949 - "Amphibious Warfare"
* November 20, 1949 - "Service Academies"
* December 4, 1949 - "Music in the Air"
* December 11, 1949 - "Joint Chiefs of Staff"
* December 18, 1949 - "Geronimo"
* December 25, 1949 - "Sky Pilot"
* January 1, 1950 - "Defense Diary"

### Critical response

A review of the premiere episode in the trade publication *Billboard* found it "quite satisfactory" in documenting how defense money was spent but "somewhat less successful" in reducing viewers' pain of paying taxes. The review commended use of a pie chart in conjunction with film that showed related military activity when each segment of the chart was discussed. Overall, the review said the episode was "much too talky", with some participants hesitant or uncertain while others were "just plain dull".

## DuMont version

After a one-season run on NBC, the network cancelled the series in 1950. However, on February 4, 1951, the series started again on the DuMont Television Network, with the last DuMont episode airing on May 6, 1951. This version emphasized entertainment by "using a musical variety format to lure viewers to watch short films about the services."

Episodes using a set resembling a USO club featured The Singing Sergeants, the U. S. Navy Dance Band and other performers from the military. Guest professional performers included Frances Langford and Marion Morgan. Films about the military completed each episode.

The show was broadcast from 8 to 9 p.m. Eastern Time on Sundays.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| *The Armed Forces Hour* | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Production | |
| Running time | 24 mins. |
| Original release | |
| Network |  |
| Release | October 30, 1949 (1949-10-30) <br>May 6, 1951 (1951-05-06) |


title: FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

abstract: The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System is a computerized information database designed to support the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) postmarketing safety surveillance program for all approved drug and therapeutic biologic products. The FDA uses FAERS to monitor for new adverse events and medication errors that might occur with these products. It is a system that measures occasional harms from medications to ascertain whether the risk–benefit ratio is high enough to justify continued use of any particular drug and to identify correctable and preventable problems in health care delivery. The system interacts with several related systems including MedWatch and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. FAERS replaced legacy AERS system in Sep 2012.

text:
# FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

The **FDA Adverse Event Reporting System** (**FAERS** or **AERS**) is a computerized information database designed to support the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) postmarketing safety surveillance program for all approved drug and therapeutic biologic products. The FDA uses FAERS to monitor for new adverse events and medication errors that might occur with these products. It is a system that measures occasional harms from medications to ascertain whether the risk–benefit ratio is high enough to justify continued use of any particular drug and to identify correctable and preventable problems in health care delivery (such as need for retraining to prevent prescribing errors). The system interacts with several related systems including MedWatch and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. FAERS replaced legacy AERS system in Sep 2012.

## Background

Reporting of adverse events from the point of care is voluntary in the United States. The FDA receives some adverse event and medication error reports directly from health care professionals (such as physicians, pharmacists, nurses and others) and consumers (such as patients, family members, lawyers and others). Health professionals and consumers may also report these events to the products’ manufacturers. If a manufacturer receives an adverse event report, it is required to send the report to the FDA as specified by regulations. The MedWatch site provides information about mandatory reporting.

## Structure

The structure of FAERS is in compliance with the international safety reporting guidance (ICH E2B2) issued by the International Conference on Harmonisation. Adverse events in FAERS are coded to terms in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities terminology (MedDRA)3.

## Uses

FAERS is a useful tool for the FDA, which uses it for activities such as looking for new safety concerns that might be related to a marketed product, evaluating a manufacturer's compliance to reporting regulations and responding to outside requests for information. The reports in FAERS are evaluated by clinical reviewers in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) to monitor the safety of products after they are approved by the FDA. If a potential safety concern is identified in AERS, further evaluation might include Epidemiology studies. Based on an evaluation of the potential safety concern, The FDA may take regulatory action(s) to improve product safety and protect the public health, such as updating a product's labeling information, restricting the use of the drug, communicating new safety information to the public, or, in rare cases, removing a product from the market.

## Limitations

AERS data does have limitations. First, there is no certainty that the reported event was actually due to the product. The FDA does not require that a causal relationship between a product and event be proven, and reports do not always contain enough detail to properly evaluate an event. Further, the FDA does not receive all adverse event reports that occur with a product. Many factors can influence whether or not an event will be reported, such as the time a product has been marketed and publicity about an event. Therefore, FAERS cannot be used to calculate the incidence of an adverse event in the U.S. population.

A more reliable medical injury database is kept up-to-date by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), as claims must first undergo a thorough vetting process before being awarded compensation.

1. "Filing For Benefits | HRSA". *www.hrsa.gov*. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
2. "Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP) Data | HRSA". *www.hrsa.gov*. Retrieved 2022-09-07.


title: The Burning Bridge

abstract: The Burning Bridge is the second book of the Ranger's Apprentice series, written by Australian author John Flanagan. It was released in Australia on 5 May 2005.

text:
# The Burning Bridge

***The Burning Bridge*** is the second book of the *Ranger's Apprentice* series, written by Australian author John Flanagan. It was released in Australia on 5 May 2005.

## Plot summary

In the prologue, Halt (a legendary Ranger) and Will (the protagonist and Halt's apprentice), capture Dirk Reacher, one of the evil Lord Morgarath's former henchmen. They search Reacher and find Morgarath's battle plans to invade Araluen.

Later, on a special mission for the Ranger Corps, Will, his friend Horace (a Battleschool apprentice), and the Ranger Gilan (one of Halt's former apprentices) travel to Celtica, a neighbouring country southwest of Araluen, where they discover that all the people in the villages have mysteriously vanished. Will and Horace wonder if all the villagers have been slain or captured, but Gilan believes that Morgarath devised a plan to cross the mountain pass faster. Gilan rides to warn King Duncan, the King of Araluen, and Will and Horace begin to follow a straggling Wargal force.

On their way, they come across an abandoned girl named Evanlyn, who claims to be a maid to Lady Ariana Wulton of the Araluen court, but is actually Princess Cassandra, King Duncan's daughter, in disguise. The three of them continue following the Wargals and discover that a bridge is being built across the impassable Fissure in order for their war party to cross. They also discover that the battle plans obtained earlier were fake, and Morgarath's real plan is to trap the King's army on the Plains of Uthal. Will burns the bridge with Evanlyn's help. Will and Evanlyn are then taken captive by a group of Skandians ruled by Jarl Erak, but Horace is able to escape their grasp.

Meanwhile, the King and his aides have been informed of the impending danger, and are getting prepared for battle. Halt is sent to take care of them with a force of cavalry and archer units. In the middle of the battle, Morgarath calls a truce and challenges Halt to a duel, but King Duncan forbids it to happen. Then, unexpectedly, Horace challenges Morgarath to single combat. On the verge of defeat by Morgarath, Horace throws himself into the path of Mogarath's battle horse in an attempt to throw it off balance. He succeeds, but only manages to wound Morgarath. Morgarath, confident in his imminent victory, strikes with his broadsword, but Horace blocks it with the double-knife defence that Gilan taught Will in Celtics and stabs Morgarath in the heart to win the battle.

The Wargals become harmless as soon as Morgarath dies, and the mind domination is broken. Halt goes looking for Will and Cassandra immediately, but he is too late. The Skandians sail for Skandia to sell Will and Princess Cassandra as slaves.

## InfoBox

The Burning Bridge
| Second Australian edition cover of
*The Burning Bridge* | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | John Flanagan |
| Illustrator | Alexander Donatelli |
| Language | English |
| Series | *Ranger's Apprentice*
(Book no. 2) |
| Genre | Fantasy, Adventure |
| Publisher | Random House (Australia)
Philomel (USA) |
| Publication date | 5 May 2005 (Aus) |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 276 (Australian paperback edition); 256 (US hardcover edition) |
| ISBN | 1-74166-090-4 (1st Australian edition);
ISBN 0-399-24455-7 (US hardcover edition) |
| OCLC | 62866741 |
| Dewey Decimal | A823.4 |
| Preceded by | *The Ruins of Gorlan* |
| Followed by | *The Icebound Land* |


title: The Boat Race 1970

abstract: The 116th Boat Race took place on 28 March 1970. Held annually, it is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. It was won by Cambridge who passed the finishing post 3+1⁄2 lengths ahead of Oxford, securing Cambridge's third consecutive victory. The race was particularly notable for the "unorthodox" steering of the Oxford cox Ashton Calvert. In the reserve race, Goldie beat Isis, and in the Women's Boat Race, Cambridge were victorious.

text:
# The Boat Race 1970

The **116th Boat Race** took place on 28 March 1970. Held annually, it is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. It was won by Cambridge who passed the finishing post 3+12 lengths ahead of Oxford, securing Cambridge's third consecutive victory. The race was particularly notable for the "unorthodox" steering of the Oxford cox Ashton Calvert.

In the reserve race, Goldie beat Isis, and in the Women's Boat Race, Cambridge were victorious.

## Background

The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the boat clubs of University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the 4.2-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities, as of 2014 it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having beaten Oxford by four lengths in the previous year's race, and held the overall lead, with 63 victories to Oxford's 51 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).

The first Women's Boat Race took place in 1927, but did not become an annual fixture until the 1960s. Up until 2014, the contest was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races, but as of the 2015 race, it is held on the River Thames, on the same day as the men's main and reserve races. The reserve race, contested between Oxford's Isis boat and Cambridge's Goldie boat has been held since 1965. It usually takes place on the Tideway, prior to the main Boat Race.

The race was umpired by the former Cambridge University Boat Club president and rower Alan Burrough who took part in Cambridge's two losses in the 1937 and 1938 races and their victory in the 1939 race. Burrough had also umpired the 1966 race. Oxford were coached by their former boat club president Iain Elliott who rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1960 and 1961 races, and the Olympic rower Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards who had represented Oxford in the 1926 race. Lou Barry coached the Cambridge crew. Czechoslovakian international rower Bob Janoušek assessed both crews as "extremely fit" but "far from expert in rowing".

## Crews

The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 13 st 9.25 lb (86.5 kg), 1.25 pounds (0.6 kg) per rower more than their opponents. The Light Blues featured just one former Blue in president David Cruttendon. However the Cambridge boat also included five members of the successful 1969 Goldie crew. Oxford saw the return of five former Blues, including the boat club president, Ashton Calvert, who coxed the boat.

| Seat | Oxford
 | | | Cambridge
 | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | College | Weight | Name | College | Weight |
| Bow | R. J. D. Gee | St John's | 13 st 8 lb | J. F. S. Hervey-Bathurst | 1st & 3rd Trinity | 13 st 1.5 lb |
| 2 | J. K. G. Dart | Christ Church | 12 st 10 lb | C. L. Baillieu | Jesus | 13 st 5 lb |
| 3 | D. M. Higgs | Balliol | 13 st 9 lb | A. C. Buckmaster | Clare | 13 st 8 lb |
| 4 | S. E. Wilmer | Christ Church | 13 st 11 lb | C. J. Rogridgues | Jesus | 13 st 2 lb |
| 5 | F. J. L. Dale | Keble | 13 st 11 lb | C. J. Dalley | Queens' | 14 st 5.5 lb |
| 6 | A. J. Hall | Keble | 15 st 7 lb | D. L. Cruttendon (P) | St Catharine's | 16 st 0 lb |
| 7 | N. D. C. Tee | Balliol | 12 st 4 lb | C. M. Lowe | Fitzwilliam | 13 st 7 lb |
| Stroke | W. R. C. Lonsdale | Keble | 13 st 10 lb | S. N. S. Robertson | Fitzwilliam | 12 st 3.5 lb |
| Cox | A. T. Calvert (P) | New College | 8 st 12 lb | N. G. Hughes | Queens' | 8 st 9 lb |
| Source:
(P)  Boat club president
Higgs replaced Robin Parish six days before the race. | | | | | | |

## Race

Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, from which every crew had won since the 1961 race. The race commenced five minutes later than the scheduled 4.35 p.m. start time, with Oxford delaying their arrival at the stakeboat. Cambridge made the better start and took an early lead. The Light Blues were half-a-length up within a minute, and had doubled that by the time they passed Beverley Brook. Oxford's stroke Lonsdale increased their rating in an attempt to stay with Cambridge around the long Surrey bend and temporarily succeeded. Still a length up at Harrods Furniture Depository, the Cambridge cox steered wide and Oxford began to close the gap. At Hammersmith Bridge, Oxford were no more than a length behind, and "unorthodox tactics" employed by Ashton Calvert, the cox, ensured an "exciting tactical battle" followed. Calvert steered the Dark Blue boat inside the Cambridge line and "made for the Surrey shore" in a manoeuvre which Donald Legget, writing in *The Observer* described as "the most extraordinary sight I have ever witnessed while rowing or coaching". Ignoring the umpire's warnings, Calvert continued on this path for two minutes before returning to the Middlesex side of the river. Despite remaining stroke for stroke, at Chiswick Eyot Cambridge pushed away and held a lead of nine seconds by Chiswick Steps. The lead had increased by two seconds at Barnes Bridge and Cambridge passed the finishing post eleven seconds ahead. Cambridge won by 3+12 lengths in a time of 20 minutes 22 seconds.

In the reserve race, Cambridge's Goldie beat Oxford's Isis by fourteen lengths, a record distance, in their fourth consecutive victory. In the 25th running of the Women's Boat Race, Cambridge triumphed, their eighth consecutive victory.

## Reaction

Calvert stated after the race: "I could see it was murder in those waves ... I decided to try to panic Cambridge by close contact steering, breaking their rhythm and attacking when the stations levelled out beyond Chiswick Steps." Opinion was divided on Calvert's tactics: *The Observer'*s Legget claimed that Calvert "adopted quite the wrong tactics", while Jim Railton of *The Times* suggested "Calvert's move may well prove to be the future tactics of other crews behind but in contact at Hammersmith Bridge on the Middlesex station in similar conditions." He went on to say "Calvert's tactics nearly paid off and in the circumstances I consider he was justified in his actions." John Rodda of *The Guardian* described Calvert's steering as "zig-zag" and while acknowledging the "bold imagination" involved, claimed the cox's manoeuvres were "futile".

**Bibliography**

* Dodd, Christopher (1983). *The Oxford & Cambridge Boat Race*. Stanley Paul. ISBN 0-09-151340-5.
* Burnell, Richard (1979). *One Hundred and Fifty Years of the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race*. Precision Press. ISBN 0-9500638-7-8.

**Notes**

## InfoBox

| 116th Boat Race | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 28 March 1970 |
| Winner | Cambridge |
| Margin of victory | 3+12 lengths |
| Winning time | 20 minutes 22 seconds |
| Overall record
(CambridgeOxford) | 6451 |
| Umpire | A. Burrough
(Cambridge) |
| Other races | |
| Reserve winner | Goldie |
| Women's winner | Cambridge |
|  | |


title: Malaya cricket team

abstract: The Malaya cricket team represented the combined territories of the Federated Malay States and the Straits Settlements in cricket matches between 1906 and 1961.

text:
# Malaya cricket team

The **Malaya cricket team** represented the combined territories of the Federated Malay States and the Straits Settlements in cricket matches between 1906 and 1961.

## History

### Early days

Cricket has been played in Peninsular Malaysia since at least the 1850s. The first match between the Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements was played in 1905 and the combined Malaya team first played the following year, against Burma in Yangon, though the result is not known. Two matches were played against Australia in 1909.

Beginning in 1920, Malaya replaced the Straits Settlements in a regular series of Interport matches against Hong Kong. In November of that year, they traveled to Hong Kong, playing matches against Hong Kong and Shanghai. They beat Hong Kong by 35 runs, but lost to Shanghai by an innings and 140 runs. Following these two matches, they joined forces with the Shanghai team to lose to Hong Kong by five wickets. The visit was repeated in November 1924, with Malaya losing to Shanghai by 89 runs and to Hong Kong by 2 wickets. They played Hong Kong at home in 1926, beating them by an innings and 112 runs on the Padang in Singapore.

In June 1927, Australia, captained by Bert Oldfield, visited Malaya, and the Malayan side won the first match by 39 runs, their only win against a Test-playing nation. A third visit to Hong Kong was made in November that year, with Malaya losing by an innings to Shanghai and Hong Kong. In 1929, they lost to Shanghai by 1 wicket, and to Hong Kong by four wickets. The final visit in 1933 saw Malaya beat Hong Kong by 14 runs, before gaining their first win over Shanghai by beating them by 50 runs.

### Later matches

Little is known of Malaya's matches after World War II. The two results that are known are that Malaya beat Hong Kong by 1 wicket in a fixture in December 1959, and drew with the MCC in March 1961.

## Players

The following players played for Malaya and also played first-class cricket:


title: FORAN System

abstract:
The FORAN system is an integrated CAD/CAM/CAE system developed by SENER for the design and production of practically any naval ship and offshore unit. It is a multidisciplinary and integrated system that can be used in all the ship design and production phases and disciplines. The System collects all the information in a single database. FORAN is mainly focused on the design of:
  - Merchants, roll-on/roll-off, bulk carriers, chemical tankers, container ships and cement and oil tankers.
  - Navy vessels, in which the systems allows designers to carry out configuration control, analyze different design alternatives (prototypes), handle advanced hull forms and manage materials and special standards, as well as introducing customized criteria.
  - Specific vessels, tugs and workboats, hotel vessels, fishing vessels, fish transport vessels, oceanographic vessels, etc.
  - For use in the offshore industry such as floating platforms, staff transportation services, anchor vessels and vessels for applications such as supply, rescue, firefighting or anti-pollution. As on 2023, FORAN is a part of Siemens PLM Software.

text:
# FORAN System

The **FORAN system** is an integrated CAD/CAM/CAE system developed by SENER for the design and production of practically any naval ship and offshore unit. It is a multidisciplinary and integrated system that can be used in all the ship design and production phases and disciplines. The System collects all the information in a single database. FORAN is mainly focused on the design of:

* Merchants, roll-on/roll-off, bulk carriers, chemical tankers, container ships and cement and oil tankers.
* Navy vessels (surface ships and submarines), in which the systems allows designers to carry out configuration control, analyze different design alternatives (prototypes), handle advanced hull forms and manage materials and special standards, as well as introducing customized criteria.
* Specific vessels, tugs and workboats, hotel vessels, fishing vessels, fish transport vessels, oceanographic vessels, etc.
* For use in the offshore industry such as floating platforms (both anchored and fixed), staff transportation services, anchor vessels and vessels for applications such as supply, rescue, firefighting or anti-pollution.

As on 2023, FORAN is a part of Siemens PLM Software.

## FORAN V70

**Common tools:** this version supports Unicode characters; this functionality enables entering text and generating information in languages using non Latin characters such as Chinese, Russian or Korean. FORAN dialogues and menu names can also be translated. Moreover, this update includes FVIEWER, a virtual reality module that replace the former VISUAL3D module. This application takes advantage of state-of-the-art graphic cards capabilities and allows the management of huge amount of information data.

**Drafting:** This update includes also a new 2D environment, based in the QCAD application and compatible with AutoCAD, developed to be used in the modules for the norms and structure standards definition (FNORM), and in the General Arrangement module (FGA) and for the definition of electrical and P&I diagrams. It also includes developments for the interim products drawings, symbolic drawings and the 3D model views drawings.

**Project:** One of the most relevant developments of the new version is the General Arrangement module (FGA) for spaces and general ship arrangement definition, both in 2D or 3D environments, with all data stored in the FORAN database. The application allows generating the general arrangement drawing in an efficient way. On the other hand, the module for the probabilistic damage stability calculations (FSUBD) offers now the possibility to consider intermediate stages of flooding, according to SOLAS standard. The automatic assignment of spaces to subzones has also been improved.

**Hull structure:** A FNORM module for the definition of standards of structure is provided with a user interface, including multi dock windows and snap points; furthermore, it allows adding geometrical restrictions and includes the possibility of layer management. The increase of the lengths of the identifications and descriptions of blocks, materials and geometrical norms, as well as the hierarchical structure for the definition of the standards and geometrical norms are other capabilities of this module. Moreover, following features must be highlighted: hull structure modeling: an algorithm to represent corrugated parts more accurately, commands for checking the edge preparation of plates and profiles, options for the definition of face bars and an algorithm to represent more accurately curved shell and deck plates. Regarding profiles and plates nesting, the NEST module allows the nesting of identical parts assigned to different interim products and keeps information to recognize each individual part.

**Outfitting:** FORAN V70 includes piping design tools for pipeline routing. Some important characteristics featured in the new update regard the polygonal lines, which are no more needed, the pipelines that are now routed dynamically displaying the pipeline as a solid model with significant snap points of the model. The version incorporates design functionalities adapted to the production circumstances in each shipyard, such as a command for smart splitting of pipe segments based on the standard pipe length defined in the components library, or checking utilities to control the spool fabrication restrictions before generating drawings and greater flexibility for the creation of sets of piping elements.

**Electrical design:** The electrical design module allows now to generate cable conduits for special non-standard cross-section cableways and to define conduits with cables inside cable trays, considering them in the cross-section filling calculations. In the cable routing the definition of cable splitting has also been improved and the management of cables partially routed has a better functionality in the connection between cables and terminal blocks.

**Product lifecycle management (PLM):** FORAN V70 allows the integration with different PLM Systems, thanks to a neutral solution built with standards based on CORBA and web services.

## FVIEWER

The use of a virtual reality (VR) environment offers significant advantages in shipbuilding. The most important advantage is the possibility to review the model and to find out errors at early design stages, with an important cost reduction. VR allows an intuitive and quick evaluation of the model, queries, measurement of distances, ergonomic studies, collision detection, design changes evaluation, simulation of mounting, dismantling and operation tasks, etc. The viewer, called FVIEWER, which is part of the FORAN system, includes stereoscopic capability as feature, which means that it allows the 3D navigation around the model of a ship, being possible to use it with tracking devices. The module can be used during a 3D navigation with a great user-model interaction. The solution can be used in any kind of VR room as well as in portable solutions, workstations, etc.

## Head-mounted display (HMD)

The development of applications in a Virtual Reality environment within the shipbuilding industry is booming nowadays. After the development of the second generation of the viewer for interactive navigation through the ship 3D model, SENER and Ingevideo have developed a head-mounted display (HMD). A virtual reality HMD is a device that lets the user view and interact with 3D simulation environments, in this case applied to 3D models generated in FORAN. The possibility of working in virtual reality environments provides benefits and cost reductions, since it allows virtual screening in an interactive and intuitive way.

## Uses

The FORAN system is used in more than 150 ship design offices and shipyards in 30 countries. Some of its most significant uses are:

* Strategic projection ship for Navantia.
* Cruise salvage vessel for the China Ship Development and Design Center (CSDDC).
* CVF, aircraft carrier for the Royal Navy (client: BAE Systems Babcock Marine).
* “Bahía Uno”, oil tanker for Astilleros de Murueta.
* “Ruiloba”, container ship for 1,350 TEU for the client Hijos de J. Barreras Shipyard.
* Frigate F-310 built at the Navantia shipyards for the Norwegian Royal Navy.
* Semi-submersible platform GM 400 for Global Maritime.


title: The Australian National Dictionary

abstract: The Australian National Dictionary: Australian Words and Their Origins is a historical dictionary of Australian English, recording 16,000 words, phrases, and meanings of Australian origin and use. The first edition of the dictionary, edited by W. S. Ramson, was published in 1988 by Oxford University Press; the second edition was edited by Bruce Moore at the Australian National Dictionary Centre and published in 2016.

text:
# The Australian National Dictionary

***The Australian National Dictionary: Australian Words and Their Origins*** is a historical dictionary of Australian English, recording 16,000 words, phrases, and meanings of Australian origin and use. The first edition of the dictionary, edited by W. S. Ramson, was published in 1988 by Oxford University Press; the second edition was edited by Bruce Moore at the Australian National Dictionary Centre and published in 2016.

## History

The first lexicographer to attempt systematic documentation of Australian English words was E. E. Morris, whose *Austral English* was published in 1898. The next significant works on Australian words were Sidney Baker's *The Australian Language* (1945) and G.A. Wilkes' *Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms* (1978).

### First edition

Work on the Australian National Dictionary Project was undertaken from the late 1970s by W. S. (Bill) Ramson (1933–2011) at the Australian National University. Ramson was motivated by a lack of lexicographic work on Australian English on historical principles, in the tradition of the Oxford English Dictionary. The project gained funding from Oxford University Press and the first edition of the *Australian National Dictionary* was published by Oxford in 1988, coinciding with the bicentenary of Australia's settlement. It was the first comprehensive, historically based record of the words and phrases that make up the Australian contribution to the English language. It records the historical development of Australian words, phrases and meanings from their earliest use to the present day, providing evidence of this history in dated and referenced quotations drawn from over 9,000 Australian sources. The trials and tribulations of this process are outlined in Ramson's book *Lexical Images* (OUP, 2005).

### Australian National Dictionary Centre

The Australian National Dictionary Project became the Australian National Dictionary Centre in 1988, with the signing of a contract between Oxford University Press and the Australian National University. W. S. Ramson was the Centre's first director (1988–1994).

### Second edition

The second edition of the *Australian National Dictionary* (2016) was edited by Bruce Moore, Director of the Centre 1994–2011. It is an expanded work in two volumes, recording the history of 16,000 Australian words, phrases and meanings. Greater emphasis is given in this edition to many new terms deriving from Aboriginal languages and culture to colloquial idioms and phrases, to regionalisms, and to Aboriginal English.

## Publications

* First edition (1988, ISBN 0-19-554736-5): includes 10,000 Australian terms, with 57,000 dated and referenced quotations.
* Second edition (2016, ISBN 978-0-19-555026-9): includes 16,000 Australian terms, with 123,000 dated and referenced quotations.

* 1st impression (2016-12-06)

### Citations

### Sources


title: The Christmas Card

abstract: The Christmas Card is an American romantic drama television film directed by Stephen Bridgewater and written by Joany Kane. The film stars John Newton and Alice Evans, with Lois Nettleton, Peter Jason, Ben Weber, Vaughn Armstrong, and Ed Asner in supporting roles. It follows the story of a career soldier who is deeply touched by a holiday card he receives while serving in Afghanistan. The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on December 2, 2006, and earned Asner a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance.

text:
# The Christmas Card

***The Christmas Card*** is an American romantic drama television film directed by Stephen Bridgewater and written by Joany Kane. The film stars John Newton and Alice Evans, with Lois Nettleton, Peter Jason, Ben Weber, Vaughn Armstrong, and Ed Asner in supporting roles. It follows the story of a career soldier who is deeply touched by a holiday card he receives while serving in Afghanistan. The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on December 2, 2006, and earned Asner a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance.

## Plot

In the midst of war in Afghanistan, U.S. Army Sergeant Cody Cullen (John Newton) is given a Christmas card from a fellow soldier who had received it from his hometown, Nevada City, California. The card was sent by Faith Spelman (Alice Evans). As months pass, the card never leaves his side. Cody, who has no family, and whose father was killed during the Vietnam War, is deeply affected when the soldier who gave him the card is killed. A few weeks before Christmas, Cody travels to see the soldier's fiancée, back in Nevada City. Just as he is about to leave town, Cody runs into Faith at a local luncheonette, where they happened to have placed identical orders. They part, but on his way out of town, Cody saves Faith's father, Luke (Ed Asner), from being hit by a speeding car. Luke takes a liking to Cody and convinces him to stay on as temporary help at his family's logging company. Paul (Ben Weber), Faith's longtime boyfriend who travels much of the time, and who selfishly wants Faith to move away from her close-knit family in Nevada City, arrives to meet her.

Complicating matters, Cody has fallen in love with Faith and despite her attempts to ignore the feeling, they end up sharing a kiss. When Paul unexpectedly asks Faith to marry him, she says yes. Even so, Paul downplays Faith's wish to stay near her family in the "boondocks". This all comes to a head on Christmas Eve. On the church steps, Cody and Paul meet, and Cody admits that he loves Faith, but accepts that she's going to marry Paul instead, and hopes that Paul is marrying Faith "for all the right reasons". In church, in spite of the presence of Paul by her side, Faith keeps looking for Cody who has decided to leave. Paul notices and they step out and decide to part ways.

Early on Christmas Day, Cody places a Christmas card on the family Christmas tree, which will direct the family to the Christmas present, a wooden bench (inscribed with "Where the Magic Begins") that he has been building to mark the family's favorite spot at a nearby lake where he and Faith first kissed. Cody leaves a Christmas card for Faith with a handwritten note, which she reads aloud. In the note, Cody confesses his love for Faith, and says goodbye. She asks her father whether it was *her* letter that brought Cody to Nevada City, to which Luke answers: no, *you* did. In the movie's final scene, Faith finds Cody at the local Vietnam War veterans' memorial. She chastises him for not saying goodbye, but before she can complete the sentence he kisses her, and she embraces him.

## Cast

## Press

Hallmark Channel collaborated with Operation Dear Abby, who issued a special message in her column: "This holiday season – support the troops by sending a message to our servicemembers." The network also put together a national *Cards for Troops* campaign and a partnership with *America Supports You* to build support of Americans for the men and women of the U.S. Armed Services. Hallmark Channel also set up a satellite link to reunite Jennifer Parsley, a young woman from Porter, Texas who sent thousands of cards to troops through *Operation Gratitude* and in the process met serviceman Jeremy Harshman, who is deployed overseas.

## Reception

The movie ranked as Hallmark Channel’s highest-ever-rated telecast on the date of its premiere. The network also ranked #1 in Prime Time that day, making it the most-watched telecast on basic cable for the day.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | 59th Primetime Emmy Awards | Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie | Ed Asner | Nominated |  |
|

## InfoBox

| *The Christmas Card* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Written by | Joany Kane |
| Directed by | Stephen Bridgewater |
| Starring |  |
| Composer | Roger Bellon |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Larry Levinson * Robert Halmi Jr. |
| Producers | * Randy Pope * Lincoln Lageson |
| Cinematography | Maximo Munzi |
| Editor | Craig Bassett |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | Hallmark Channel |
| Release | December 2, 2006 (2006-12-02) |


title: FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament

abstract: The FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament is a Swiss-system chess tournament, forming part of the qualification for the World Chess Championship.

text:
# FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament

The **FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament** is a Swiss-system chess tournament, forming part of the qualification for the World Chess Championship.

## Editions and winners

The players who qualify for the Candidates Tournament are marked with green background. The players who otherwise qualified for the Candidates Tournament before the start of the Grand Swiss Tournament are marked with blue background. In 2019, Alekseenko emerging third in the Grand Swiss made him eligible for the wild card nomination, which is how he qualified to the Candidates Tournament 2020–2021.

| Edition | Host city | Players | Winner | Runner-up | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | Santon | 154 | Wang Hao | Fabiano Caruana | Kirill Alekseenko |
| 2021 | Riga | 108 | Alireza Firouzja | Fabiano Caruana | Grigoriy Oparin |
| 2023 | Douglas | 114 | Vidit Gujrathi | Hikaru Nakamura | Andrey Esipenko |


title: FC Dacia Chișinău

abstract: Fotbal Club Dacia Chișinău, commonly known as Dacia Chișinău or simply Dacia, was a Moldovan football club based in Chișinău, which last played in the village of Speia, Anenii Noi. They participated in the Divizia Națională, the top division in Moldovan football. The club's name came from Dacia, an ancient civilization which covered parts of modern Moldova. Established in 1999, it entered the Moldovan "A" Division in 2000 and was promoted to the first division two years later. They won their first league title in the 2010–11 season, thereby qualifying for the preliminaries of the UEFA Champions League. The team has also taken part in the Europa League on five occasions, but never reached the group stage. The club was disbanded after the 2017 Moldovan National Division season.

text:
# FC Dacia Chișinău

**Fotbal Club Dacia Chișinău**, commonly known as **Dacia Chișinău** or simply **Dacia**, was a Moldovan football club based in Chișinău, which last played in the village of Speia, Anenii Noi. They participated in the Divizia Națională, the top division in Moldovan football.

The club's name came from Dacia, an ancient civilization which covered parts of modern Moldova. Established in 1999, it entered the Moldovan "A" Division in 2000 and was promoted to the first division two years later. They won their first league title in the 2010–11 season, thereby qualifying for the preliminaries of the UEFA Champions League. The team has also taken part in the Europa League on five occasions, but never reached the group stage. The club was disbanded after the 2017 Moldovan National Division season.

## History

### Early history (1999–2002)

FC Dacia was founded in 1999 by Marin Livadaru, Igor Ursachi, Valeriu Plujnic and Alexandru Șcaruba. The team was composed of goalkeeper Ghenadie Gariuc and outfield players including Alexandru Golban, Cornel Popov, Ruslan Rașcu, Serghei Coșciug, Cornel Gafton, Veaceslav Titov, Alexandru Tracalov. The club's initial aim was to compete in the Moldovan "A" Division (second tier).  Dacia debuted in this league during the 2000–01 season, while Gabriel Stati took over as president in autumn 2000. The club came 4th in its first season before being promoted to the top-flight Moldovan National Division the following season.

### National Division (2002–10)

Dacia won their first National Division match 1–0 against Nistru Otaci, and ended the 2002–03 season in 4th with qualification to the Intertoto Cup as a result. Here they defeated the Faeroese club GÍ Gøta and Albanian side Partizani Tirana, against whom they five unanswered goals over the two-legged fixture (2–0 and 3–0). Dacia were subsequently eliminated by Germans Schalke 04, losing both legs (1–0 and 2–1).

Before the 2003–04 season, former Dacia player and second-team coach Emil Caras took over as head coach, leading the side to 5th place in the league and a Moldovan Cup semi-final defeat against fellow Chișinău-based side Zimbru Chișinău. Durfing that cup-run, Dacia recorded the victory in its history, 9–0 against FC Florești.

The 2004–05 season saw Dacia qualify for the UEFA Cup for the first time after a third-place finish in the league. The Wolves also finished as runners-up in the Moldova Cup after a dramatic loss to Nistru Otaci. Dacia were knocked out of the 2005-06 UEFA Cup in the first round against the Swiss Challenge League team FC Vaduz, losing 2–0 away but winning the home leg 1–0 though Vladimir Jăpălău. The subsequent league campaign ended in sixth position, along with defeat in the Moldova Cup semi-finals against Nistru Otaci. However, Dacia was the winner of a friendly tournament named the Turkmenistan President's Cup in February 2006, winning 4–3 in the final and collecting $20,000 US dollars as a prize.

After finishing 4th in the 2006–07 season, Dacia qualified for the 2007 Intertoto Cup, and advanced past the Azerbaijani club Baku FC in the first round via a penalty shoot-out, with Dacia's goalkeeper Mihai Moraru saving. It took another shoot-out in the second round to defeat Swiss club St Gallen. Dacia's third-round opponents were German club Hamburger SV, whose team of internationals revolving around Dutch playmaker Rafael van der Vaart drew 1–1 in Moldova, but won 4–0 in the return leg to knock Dacia out. The Yellow Wolves received a high assessment from local experts and Dacia were named the Top Team of 2007 by the Moldova Football Association.

The subsequent 2007–08 league campaign brought Dacia's highest-placed finish as of then, partly due to new vice-president Timur Kuriev who found Russian investors. After the mid-season break, Dacia won five matches in a row to cut their deficit behind holders and league leaders Sheriff Tiraspol to a single point before their encounter on 30 March, which was won by Sheriff. By finishing in second, Dacia made the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Cup and were defeated 4–2 on aggregate by Serbian club Borac Čačak in the first round.

Dacia finished as runners-up to Sheriff again in 2008–09, and also reached their second Moldovan Cup final, which they lost 2–0 to Sheriff on 23 May. During the season, manager Emil Caras moved to FC Tiraspol and was replaced by the Ukrainian Roman Pilipchuk, while at the end of the season Victor Bulat received the People's Choice Award. Dacia started the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League in the second qualifying round where they were defeated 3–0 on aggregate by Slovak team MŠK Žilina.

In the 2009–10 season, Dacia were in the third place over the mid-season break, two points off first, but ended the season in 5th. Pilipchuk was replaced as manager by Veaceslav Semionov, and Rustam Polonkoev took over as president. The team made the Moldovan Cup final for the second consecutive season, and were again defeated 2–0 by Sheriff Tiraspol.

### League success (2010–2018)

Dacia began the 2010–11 season in a Europa League qualifier against Montenegrin club FK Zeta, winning on the away-goals rule after a 1–1 aggregate draw, and were then knocked out 2–0 on aggregate by Swedish team Kalmar FF. The Russian coach Igor Dobrovolskiy was appointed as head coach of Dacia before the league season began. Dacia were the sole unbeaten side in the league by their 17th match, which they lost 3–0 to Sheriff Tiraspol. Following that result, they remained unbeaten for the remaining 22 league games of the season. Dacia won their first, and so far only, Moldovan National Division title in 2010–11, finishing 9 points ahead of runners-up Sheriff and denying the Tiraspol club an eleventh consecutive title.

Also that season, Dacia signed an agreement with the Buiucani sports school to create a reserve team, Dacia Buiucani.

Before the 2011–12 season, Dacia won the revived Moldovan Super Cup against Iskra-Stal Rîbnița, with the only goal of the game coming from new signing Vasili Pavlov. In July 2011, Dacia made their UEFA Champions League debut in the second qualifying round, against Georgian champions Zestaponi. Despite winning the home leg 2–0, Dacia lost 3–0 in the return leg and were eliminated. Dobrovolski was replaced with Igor Negrescu during the league season, and Dacia finished as runners-up as Sheriff regained their title.

Dacia entered the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League in the first qualifying round, where they beat Slovenians Celje 1–0 in each leg. In the second qualifying round, against IF Elfsborg of Sweden, Dacia won the first leg 1–0 before losing the second 2–0 away and were subsequently eliminated.

On 13 March 2018, Dacia announced that they would not be participating in the 2018 Moldovan National Division.

## Club rivalries

### *Chișinău Derby*

Dacia's local rival has always been FC Zimbru Chișinău.

### Domestic

| Season | League | | | | | | | | | Moldovan Cup | Europe | | Top goalscorer | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | P | | | Name | League |
| 2000–01 | Divizia "A" | **4** | 30 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 45 | 20 | **56** |  |  | |  |  |
| 2001–02 | | **1** | 30 | 23 | 6 | 1 | 69 | 13 | **75** | Round of 16 |  | |  |  |
| 2002–03 | **Divizia Națională** | **4** | 28 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 | 28 | **32** | Quarter-finals |  | |  |  |
| 2003–04 | | **5** | 24 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 26 | 28 | **35** | Semi-finals | IC | 3rd round |  |  |
| 2004–05 | | **3** | 28 | 14 | 3 | 11 | 38 | 31 | **45** | Runners-up |  | | Serghei Jăpălău | 10 |
| 2005–06 | | **6** | 28 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 28 | 39 | **30** | Semi-finals | UC | 1st round |  |  |
| 2006–07 | | **4** | 36 | 13 | 16 | 7 | 36 | 30 | **55** | Quarter-finals |  | |  |  |
| 2007–08 | | **2** | 30 | 19 | 5 | 6 | 60 | 28 | **62** | Quarter-finals | IC | 3rd round | Djaba Dvali | 13 |
| 2008–09 | | **2** | 30 | 20 | 3 | 7 | 47 | 17 | **63** | Runners-up | UC | 1st round | Ghenadie Orbu | 8 |
| 2009–10 | | **5** | 33 | 16 | 10 | 7 | 54 | 30 | **58** | Runners-up | EL | 2nd round | Oleksandr Zgura | 12 |
| 2010–11 | | **1** | 39 | 27 | 11 | 1 | 66 | 16 | **92** | Semi-finals | EL | 2nd round | Ghenadie Orbu | 22 |
| 2011–12 | | **2** | 33 | 24 | 5 | 4 | 63 | 17 | **77** | Semi-finals | UCL | 2nd round | Vasily Pavlov | 12 |
| 2012–13 | | **2** | 33 | 18 | 12 | 3 | 47 | 19 | **66** | Quarter-finals | EL | 2nd round | Ghenadie Orbu | 9 |
| 2013–14 | | **5** | 33 | 18 | 7 | 8 | 68 | 29 | **61** | Semi-finals | EL | 2nd round | Miloš Krkotić | 14 |
| 2014–15 | | **2** | 24 | 17 | 4 | 3 | 48 | 13 | **55** | Runners-up |  | | Petru Leucă | 11 |
| 2015–16 | | **2** | 27 | 20 | 5 | 2 | 44 | 12 | **65** | Semi-finals | EL | 2nd round | Serhiy Zahynaylov | 11 |
| 2016–17 | | **2** | 30 | 22 | 3 | 5 | 54 | 15 | **69** | Quarter-finals | EL | 1st round | Maksym Feshchuk
Georgi Sarmov | 7
7 |
| 2017 | | **4** | 18 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 23 | 26 | **26** | Quarter-finals | EL | 1st round | Alexandru Pașcenco
Bratislav Punoševac | 4
4 |

### European

*As of match played 6 July 2017*

| Competition | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UEFA Champions League | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | –1 |
| UEFA Cup/Europa League | 26 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 20 | 35 | -15 |
| UEFA Intertoto Cup | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 12 | +3 |
| **Total** | **40** | **14** | **8** | **18** | **37** | **50** | **-13** |

| Season | Competition | Round | Club | Home | Away | Aggregate |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | UEFA Intertoto Cup | 1R |  | 1–0 | 4–1 | **5–1** |  |
| | | 2R | Partizani Tirana | 2–0 | 3–0 | **5–0** |  |
| | | 3R | Schalke 04 | 1–2 | 0–1 | **1–3** |  |
| 2005–06 | UEFA Cup | 1QR | Vaduz | 1–0 | 0–2 | **1–2** |  |
| 2007 | UEFA Intertoto Cup | 1R | Baku | 1–1 | 1–1 | **2–2** (3–1 ) |  |
| | | 2R | St. Gallen | 0–1 | 1–0 | **1–1** (3–0 ) |  |
| | | 3R | Hamburg | 1–1 | 0–4 | **1–5** |  |
| 2008–09 | UEFA Cup | 1QR | Borac Čačak | 1–1 | 1–3 | **2–4** |  |
| 2009–10 | UEFA Europa League | 2QR | MŠK Žilina | 0–1 | 0–3 | **0–4** |  |
| 2010–11 | UEFA Europa League | 1QR | Zeta | 0–0 | 1–1 | **1–1** () |  |
| | | 2QR | Kalmar | 0–2 | 0–0 | **0–2** |  |
| 2011–12 | UEFA Champions League | 2QR | Zestaponi | 2–0 | 0–3 | **2–3** |  |
| 2012–13 | UEFA Europa League | 1QR | Celje | 1–0 | 1–0 | **2–0** |  |
| | | 2QR | Elfsborg | 1–0 | 0–2 | **1–2** |  |
| 2013–14 | UEFA Europa League | 1QR | Teuta Durrës | 2–0 | 1–3 | **3–3** () |  |
| | | 2QR | Chornomorets Odesa | 2–1 | 0–2 | **2–3** |  |
| 2015–16 | UEFA Europa League | 1QR | Renova | 4–1 | 1–0 | **5–1** |  |
| | | 2QR | MŠK Žilina | 1–2 | 2–4 | **3–6** |  |
| 2016–17 | UEFA Europa League | 1QR | Kapaz | 0–1 | 0–0 | **0–1** |  |
| 2017–18 | UEFA Europa League | 1QR | Shkëndija | 0–4 | 0–3 | **0–7** |  |

## Honours

### Leagues

### Cups

## Managers

### Chairman

| Name | Year's Activity |
| --- | --- |
| Gabriel Stati | 1999–2010 |
| Adlan Shishhanov | 2010–11 |
| Zinaida Jioară | 2011–13 |
| Adlan Shishhanov | 2013–17 |

## InfoBox

Dacia Chișinău
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Fotbal Club Dacia Chișinău |
| Nickname(s) | * *Galben-albaștrii* (The Yellow-Blues) * *Lupii* (The Wolves) |
| Founded | 1999 (1999) |
| Dissolved | 2018 (2018) |
| Ground | Stadionul Dacia |
| Capacity | 8,550 (3,300 seats) |
| 2017 | Divizia Națională, 4th of 10 (withdrew) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: The Catch (baseball)

abstract: The Catch was a baseball play made by New York Giants center fielder Willie Mays on September 29, 1954, during Game 1 of the 1954 World Series at the Polo Grounds in Upper Manhattan, New York City. In the eighth inning, with the score tied 2–2, Cleveland Indians batter Vic Wertz hit a deep fly ball to center field that had the runners on base poised to score. However, Mays made an over-the-shoulder catch while on the run to record the out, and his throw back to the infield prevented one of the runners from advancing. The Giants won the game 5–2 in extra innings, and eventually the World Series. The Catch is regarded as one of the greatest plays in baseball history.

text:
# The Catch (baseball)

**The Catch** was a baseball play made by New York Giants center fielder Willie Mays on September 29, 1954, during Game 1 of the 1954 World Series at the Polo Grounds in Upper Manhattan, New York City. In the eighth inning, with the score tied 2–2, Cleveland Indians batter Vic Wertz hit a deep fly ball to center field that had the runners on base poised to score. However, Mays made an over-the-shoulder catch while on the run to record the out, and his throw back to the infield prevented one of the runners from advancing. The Giants won the game 5–2 in extra innings, and eventually the World Series. The Catch is regarded as one of the greatest plays in baseball history.

## The play

In the top of the 8th inning, with the score tied 2–2, Giants starting pitcher Sal Maglie walked Indians lead off hitter Larry Doby. Al Rosen singled, putting runners on first and second. New York manager Leo Durocher summoned left-handed relief pitcher Don Liddle to pitch to Cleveland's Wertz, a left-handed batter.

Wertz worked the count to two balls and one strike before hitting Liddle's fourth pitch about 420 feet (130 m) to deep center field. In many stadiums, the ball would have been a home run, which would have given the Indians a 5–2 lead. However, the Polo Grounds center field was the deepest in the league, marked as 483 feet (147 m), and Mays, who was playing in shallow center field, made an on-the-run, over-the-shoulder catch at the warning track for the out. Having caught the ball, he immediately spun and threw to second base. Doby, the runner on second, might have been able to score the go-ahead run had he tagged at the moment the ball was caught; as it was, he ran when the ball was hit, then had to scramble back to tag. Mays' throw went to second base, holding Cleveland to runners at first and third with one out.

Right-hander Marv Grissom then relieved Liddle, who supposedly remarked to coach Freddie Fitzsimmons, "Well, I got *my* man." Grissom walked pinch hitter Dale Mitchell to load the bases, then struck out pinch hitter Dave Pope, and got catcher Jim Hegan to fly out, ending the inning with no runs scored.

|
|  |
Summary – top of the 8th inning
| Pitcher
New York Giants | Batter
Cleveland Indians | Result
(outs in bold) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maglie (R) | Doby (L) | Walk |
| | Rosen (R) | Single (Doby to second) |
| Liddle (L) | Wertz (L) | **Fly out to center** (Doby to third) |
| Grissom (R) | Mitchell (L) | Walk (Rosen to second) |
| | Pope (L) | **Strike out** |
| | Hegan (R) | **Fly out to left** |

## Broadcast

Jack Brickhouse, calling the game for NBC television along with Russ Hodges, described Mays' catch to viewers. The audio has been published on CD with the 2000 book *And the Fans Roared*, and also as accompaniment to the World Series film.

> **Brickhouse**: There's a long drive... way back at center field... way back, back, it is a... Oh my! Caught by Mays! The runner on second, Doby, is able to go to third. Willie Mays just brought this crowd to its feet with a catch which must have been an optical illusion to a lot of people! Boy! \[pause\] Notice where that 483 foot mark is in center field? The ball itself—Russ, you know this ballpark better than anyone else I know—had to go about 460, didn't it?
> **Hodges**: It certainly did, and I don't see how Willie did it, but he's been doing it all year.
> **Brickhouse**: Willie Mays just made the catch of the day.

There is some question of the depth of straight-away center field. Sometimes there was a 475 sign in center field, sometimes 483 (as was the case in 1954). The ballpark was demolished in 1964, and it is unclear what was being measured when. One theory is that 475 was the distance to the front of the clubhouse overhang, and 483 was the distance to the rear wall under the overhang. Regardless, the ball was not hit to the deepest part of center field; the spot where Mays made his catch is estimated by baseball researchers not to be more than 425 feet (130 m) from home plate.

## Aftermath and response

The play prevented the Indians from taking the lead and, in the bottom of the 10th, the Giants won the game on their way to sweeping the Series. The Catch is often considered to be one of the best and most memorable plays in the history of baseball because of the difficulty of the play, its importance in the game, and the importance of the game itself. Bob Feller said both that it was a very good catch and: "We knew Willie had the ball all the way." Later, Feller said, "There's three things that made the catch memorable: one, it was a great play. Two, it was in a World Series. And three, it was on national television."

Mays himself did not believe "The Catch" to be the best defensive play he ever made. In a 2006 CD collection, *Ernie Harwell's Audio Scrapbook*, Mays talks about a running *bare-handed* catch he made at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh in 1951, after which the Giants' players teased the young rookie by treating him with complete indifference when he returned to the bench. Mays also cited a catch he made against the center field wall at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York, in which he had to scurry back so fast he did not have time to turn around.

In 2007, a physicist calculated that if the temperature had been 77 °F (25 °C) rather than 76 °F (24 °C), the ball would have traveled 2 inches (5.1 cm) farther than it did, and The Catch might not have been completed.

1. Bahr, Chris (September 29, 2015). "Flashback: Willie Mays makes 'The Catch' in 1954 World Series". *Fox Sports*. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
2. "New York Giants 5, Cleveland Indians 2". *Retrosheet*. September 29, 1954. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
3. Will, George F. (June 18, 2024). "Calling Willie Mays a 'natural' was to underrate his craft and smarts". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
4. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Monte Irvin (1994). *Baseball: Inning 7, the Capital of Baseball*. Ken Burns. Event occurs at 84:35. Retrieved April 14, 2020  via YouTube. I didn't think that he'd ever get to the ball, but he did; and then he had the presence of mind to wheel and throw the ball to second base to keep Larry Doby from scoring. Actually, if he'd have tagged up, he could have scored from second base, that's how far the ball was hit.
5. Deane, Bill (2012). *Baseball Myths: Debating, Debunking, and Disproving Tales from the Diamond*. Scarecrow Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780810885462. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
6. Garner, Joe (2000). *And the Fans Roared: The Sports Broadcasts That Kept Us on the Edge of Our Seats*. Bob Costas (narrator), George Foreman (foreword). Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. ISBN 1570715823.
7. *And the Fans Roared \[Disc 1\]* (CD). Sourcebooks. 2000. Event occurs at 0:52 of Track 5.
8. *And the Fans Roared \[Disc 1\]* (CD). Sourcebooks. 2000. Event occurs at 1:06 of Track 5.
9. *And the Fans Roared \[Disc 1\]* (CD). Sourcebooks. 2000. Event occurs at 1:23 of Track 5.
10. *And the Fans Roared \[Disc 1\]* (CD). Sourcebooks. 2000. Event occurs at 1:30 of Track 5.
11. Lowry, Phil (February 1992). *Green Cathedrals: The Ultimate Celebrations of All 273 Major League and Negro League Ballparks Past and Present*. Addison-Wesley. pp. 195–201. ISBN 0-201-56777-6.
12. Deane, Bill (October 2005). "Catching up with Vic Wertz's 1954 World Series Drive". *Baseball Digest*. Retrieved May 9, 2017  via The Glory of Baseball.
13. Axisa, Mike (September 29, 2014). "Happy 60th Anniversary: Willie Mays makes 'The Catch'". *CBS Sports*. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
14. Morgan, Joe (May 4, 2001). "Mays was Mr. Everything". *ESPN.com*. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
15. "Not My Top Catch – Mays". *Long Beach Independent*. Long Beach, California. UPI. September 30, 1954. Retrieved May 9, 2017  via newspapers.com.
16. Harwell, Ernie (November 15, 2006). *Ernie Harwell's Audio Scrapbook*. AudioBook Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0979212000.
17. "Engineering in the News March 2007". UIUC College of Engineering. March 2007. Archived from the original on September 19, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
18. Wolff, Alexander (March 12, 2007). "Going, Going Green". *Sports Illustrated*. Retrieved May 9, 2017  via *Sports Illustrated* Vault.

## Further reading


title: Manchester Wall

abstract: Manchester Wall is a rock climbing area located in downtown Richmond, Virginia that offers multiple routes for traditional climbing, sport climbing, and top roping. The sixty-foot granite wall is a remnant of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Bridge, which spanned the James River for much of the nineteenth century. The climbing area is located on the south side of the James River and is accessible by foot from the north via Brown's Island and the T. Tyler Potterfield Memorial bridge, also known as the Brown's Island Dam Walk.

text:
# Manchester Wall

**Manchester Wall** is a rock climbing area located in downtown Richmond, Virginia that offers multiple routes for traditional climbing, sport climbing, and top roping. The sixty-foot granite wall is a remnant of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Bridge, which spanned the James River for much of the nineteenth century. The climbing area is located on the south side of the James River and is accessible by foot from the north via Brown's Island and the T. Tyler Potterfield Memorial bridge, also known as the Brown's Island Dam Walk.

## Routes and Difficulty

Manchester has a total of 43 routes, ranging from the difficulty of 5.4 to 5.11a, most averaging around 5.9.

The easiest route at Manchester is located on the back of the first pillar (i.e. side closest to the James River). This route is affectionately called **The Ladder**, or **Potty Training**, and is rated a 5.4. However, it is recommended to have an experience climber lead **Bolts From Heaven**, a 5.5 with **arete on**. The lead climber can then send a top rope down The Ladder from the anchors at the top of the pillar.

**Bolts From Heaven** is often used as a practice run for climbers learning to lead. Having a total of 7 bolts, plus the two top bolts, makes it the safest first lead at Manchester. Also, this climb is used for anchoring any of the other 8 routes on Pillar #1 with relative ease. The other routes on the pillar have fewer bolts for sport climbing, making a ground-fall more likely should a mistake be made.

Pillar #2. **McKenna**, or **The Crack**, is literally a crack running up the pillar. It offers a variety of handholds such as crimpers, side-pulls, and under-clings. It has reliable footholds, so it is used by climbers getting practice with different clings.

**The Wall** is where the most effort is put forward into climbing. The pillars have a slightly sloped incline, making balancing and standing much easier for climbers. However, The Wall is an almost vertical ascent. It also makes the effort more difficult because of its much longer route lengths. The pillars are relatively short compared to the towering wall.

The most challenging route on The Wall is Tendonitis, rated at 5.10d. Its almost smooth surface and lack of foot- and handholds are a real challenge. Finger pockets and smearing are all that a climber gets on this longest route. However, the first half is a chimney, so at the top of it is a resting location for climbers to sit and rest before continuing up the other half to the top-most point on the wall.

## The Wall

* Total Routes: 20
* Lowest Rating: 5.4 (Gutter Ball, arete on, top rope)
* Highest rating: 5.10d (Tendonitis, sport/top rope)
* Easiest Lead: No need to lead for most of these, there is a path going up to the top of the wall for hikers. Climbers can reach over the edge to most anchors.

## Pillar #1

* Total Routes: 9
* Lowest Rating: 5.4 (Potty Training/The Ladder, arete on, top rope/trad gear)
* Highest Rating: 5.7 (Voodoo Doll, arete off, sport(2 bolts)/top rope)
* Easiest Lead: 5.5 (Bolts From Heaven, arete on, 7 bolts)

## Pillar #2

* Total Routes: 8
* Lowest Rating: 5.8+ (Crown of Thorns, arete off, top rope/trad gear)
* Highest Rating: 5.11a (Nemesis, arete off, sport(2 bolts)/top rope)
* Easiest Lead: 5.8+ (McKenna/The Crack, 2 bolts)

## Pillar #3

Pillar #3 was previously only traditional gear accessible. However, as of July 2006, bolts have been placed, so it can probably now be sport climbed. Until climbing is regular on this pillar, though, it will be treated with traditional gear only routes and ratings.

* Total Routes: 6
* Lowest Rating: 5.8+ (Cary's Route, arete off, trad gear only)
* Highest Rating: 5.10c (Blair Witch, arete off, trad gear only)
* Easiest Lead: Unknown

37°31′47″N 77°26′45″W / 37.529602°N 77.445913°W / 37.529602; -77.445913


title: The Careless Lovers

abstract: The Careless Lovers is a 1673 comedy play by the English writer Edward Ravenscroft. Staged at the Dorset Garden Theatre by the Duke's Company the original cast included Henry Norris as Mr Machworth, Philip Cademan as Mr Lovell, William Smith as Mr Careless, Edward Angel as De Boastado, Margaret Osborne as Mrs Clappam, Elizabeth Norris as Mrs Breedwell, and Elinor Leigh as Beatrice.

text:
# The Careless Lovers

***The Careless Lovers*** is a 1673 comedy play by the English writer Edward Ravenscroft. Staged at the Dorset Garden Theatre by the Duke's Company the original cast included Henry Norris as Mr Machworth, Philip Cademan as Mr Lovell, William Smith as Mr Careless, Edward Angel as De Boastado, Margaret Osborne as Mrs Clappam, Elizabeth Norris as Mrs Breedwell, and Elinor Leigh as Beatrice.

## Bibliography

* Van Lennep, W. *The London Stage, 1660-1800: Volume One, 1660-1700*. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960.

## InfoBox

| The Careless Lovers | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Edward Ravenscroft |
| Date premiered | 12 March 1673 |
| Place premiered | Dorset Garden Theatre, London |
| Original language | English |
| Genre | Restoration Comedy |


title: The Careless Shepherdess

abstract: The Careless Shepherdess is a Jacobean era stage play, a pastoral tragicomedy generally attributed to Thomas Goffe. Its 1656 publication is noteworthy for the introduction of the first general catalogue of the dramas of English Renaissance theatre ever attempted.

text:
# The Careless Shepherdess

***The Careless Shepherdess*** is a Jacobean era stage play, a pastoral tragicomedy generally attributed to Thomas Goffe. Its 1656 publication is noteworthy for the introduction of the first general catalogue of the dramas of English Renaissance theatre ever attempted.

## Date and performance

The dates of authorship and first performance for the play are not known with any certainty; the 161929 era is usually cited, with "c. 1625" as a common approximation. The play was revived at the Salisbury Court Theatre in 1638, and also was twice performed at Court before King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria, in 1629 and 1632. The play was well-enough known to have influenced Ben Jonson as he wrote his final work, *The Sad Shepherdess* (1637).

## Authorship

All of the external evidence, including the 1656 first edition, assigns the authorship of the play to Thomas Goffe; one modern scholar, however, has argued that this may have been an error for John Gough, author of *The Strange Discovery.*

## Genre

*The Careless Shepherdess* conforms to many of the conventions of the pastoral form as it existed in the years and decades after Sir Philip Sidney's *Arcadia*. "The play is not lacking in inventiveness, as, for example, the scene in which a threatened duel between two shepherds is frustrated by the threat of the shepherdesses involved to fight the duel themselves; and in that of the carrying off of all the characters by a tribe of satyrs, led by a banished shepherd turned outlaw."

## Catalogue

In 1656 the play was first published in quarto by the booksellers Richard Rogers and William Ley. Richards and Ley included with the play text "an Alphabeticall Catalogue of all such Plays that ever were Printed," which listed over 500 titles. In this era, booksellers were only beginning to issue catalogues of their own works; this attempt to catalogue the entire field of contemporary drama publishing was unprecedented. But not unemulated: in the same year *The Old Law* was published by Edward Archer, with an expanded catalogue listing 651 titles. In 1661 and 1671 the stationer Francis Kirkman printed his own expanded play lists. At a time when trained scholars at the Universities dismissed stage plays as beneath their notice, the tradesmen booksellers stepped in to make these first efforts to bring a kind of order to the field.

Unfortunately, their efforts were limited by a lack of resources and verifiable information. In these 17th-century playlists, the accuracy of the authorial attributions never rises above 50%. Later generations of scholars and commentators have been vocal in their criticisms as a result.

## The praeludium

The 1656 quarto of *The Careless Shepherdess* also provides a preface, or "Praeludium," for the 1638 revival that may have been written by Richard Brome; it features a conversation among four figures  Spruce, a courtier, Spark, an Inns of Court man, Thrift, a London citizen, and Landlord, a country gentleman. The dialogue casts light on the theatrical conditions of the day, and is often quoted and discussed in the scholarly and critical literature on English Renaissance drama.


title: Maltese literature

abstract: Maltese literature is any literature originating from Malta or by Maltese writers or literature written in the Maltese language. This article will give an overview of the history of Maltese-language literature.

text:
# Maltese literature

| **Maltese literature** |
| --- |
| By category
Maltese
List of writers |
| Maltese authors |
| Writers \- Novelists
Playwrights \- Poets
Essayists |
| Forms |
| Novel \- Poetry \- Plays
 |
| Criticism & Awards |
| Literary theory \- Critics
Literary Prizes |
| See also |
| Mikiel Anton Vassalli \- Taħt Tliet Saltniet
Il-Kantilena \- Rużar Briffa
Manuel Magri
 |
| Malta Portal |
| Literature Portal |

**Maltese literature** is any literature originating from Malta or by Maltese writers or literature written in the Maltese language.

This article will give an overview of the history of Maltese-language literature.

## History

### Written Maltese

As Maltese evolved after Count Roger I of Sicily ended Arab rule on the island at the end of the 11th century, there was little interest in developing a written form of the language. Initially only the clergy, aristocracy and bourgeoisie were able to read and write and much of their communication was conducted in Latin. Throughout the centuries use of the Maltese language was often discouraged with varying enthusiasm, ostensibly in the hope that supplanting it would strengthen ties with the country which held possession of Malta at that particular point in time. Under the Knights of St John both Italian and French were used for official documents and correspondence. During the British colonial period the use of English was encouraged through education, with Italian regarded as the next most influential language. It was not until 1936 that Maltese was recognised as the island's official language. Uniquely, no other European country lacked a standardised written form of its language until the 19th century, when men such as Mikiel Anton Vassalli made a concerted effort to transcribe spoken Maltese into a written form, although examples of written Maltese exist from as early as the 15th century.

#### Diglossia

The development of native Maltese literary works has historically been hampered by the diglossia that has characterized the culture of Malta throughout its history. For many centuries, Maltese was known as the language "of the kitchen and the workshop", while Italian was the language of education, literature, the arts, law and commerce. Hence, until the early 20th century, the vast majority of literary works in Malta were written in Italian by the community of Maltese Italians. In early Maltese history, diglossia manifested itself in the co-existence of a developed form of Siculo-Arabic and the language of a series of rulers, most notably Latin, Greek, Sicilian, French, Spanish and Italian. From 1800 onwards these were largely supplanted by English. The Maltese language is today heavily overlaid with Romance and English influences as a result.

According to Oliver Friggieri:

> Maltese writers developed an uninterrupted local "Italian" literary movement which went on up to about four decades ago, whereas Maltese as a literary idiom started to coexist on a wide scale in the last decades of the 19th century. Whilst Maltese has the historical priority on the level of the spoken language, Italian has the priority of being the almost exclusive written medium, for the socio-cultural affairs, for the longest period. The native tongue had only to wait for the arrival of a new mentality which could integrate an unwritten, popular tradition with a written, academically respectable one.

#### The emergence of Maltese literature

The oldest known literary text in the Maltese language is Pietru Caxaro's poem, *Il-Kantilena* (c. 1470 to 1485) (also known as *Xidew il-Qada*), followed by Gian Francesco Bonamico's sonnet of praise to Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner, *Mejju gie' bl'Uard, u Zahar* *(The month of May has arrived, with roses and orange blossoms*), c. 1672. The earliest known Maltese dictionary was written by Francois de Vion Thezan Court (c. 1640). In 1700, an anonymous Gozitan poet wrote *Jaħasra Mingħajr Ħtija* *(Unfortunately Innocent)*. A Maltese translation of the Lord's Prayer appeared in Johannes Heinrich Maius's work *Specimen Lingua Punicæ in hodierna Melitensium superstitis* (1718), demonstrating the formerly wide-held belief that the language had a Punic heritage. A collection of religious sermons by a certain Dun Ignazio Saverio Mifsud, published between 1739 and 1746, is regarded as the earliest known example of Maltese prose.

An anonymous poem entitled *Fuqek Nitħaddet Malta* *(I am talking about you, Malta)*, was written c. 1749, regarding the Conspiracy of the Slaves. A few years later, in 1752, a catechism entitled *Tagħlim Nisrani ta' Dun Franġisk Wizzino* *(Don Francesco Wizzino's Christian Teachings)* was published in both Maltese and Italian. The occasion of Carnival in 1760 saw the publication of a collection of burlesque verses under the heading *Żwieġ la Maltija* *(Marriage, in the Maltese Style)*, by Dun Feliċ Demarco.

A child of the Romantic movement, Maltese patriot Mikiel Anton Vassalli (1764–1829) hailed the emergence of literary Maltese as "one of the ancient patrimonies...of the new emerging nation" and saw this nascent trend as: (1) the affirmation of the singular and collective identity, and (2) the cultivation and diffusion of the national speech medium as the most sacred component in the definition of the patria and as the most effective justification both for a dominated community's claim to be a nation and for the subsequent struggle against foreign rulers.

Between 1798 and 1800, while Malta was under French occupation, a Maltese translation of *L-Għanja tat-Trijonf tal-Libertà* *(Ode to the Triumph of Liberty)*, by Citizen La Coretterie, Secretary to the French Government Commissioner, was published on the occasion of Bastille Day.

The first translation into Maltese of a biblical text, the Gospel of St. John, was published in 1822 (trans. Ġużeppi Marija Cannolo), on the initiative of the Bible Society in Malta. The first Maltese language newspaper, *l-Arlekkin Jew Kawlata Ingliża u Maltija* *(The Harlequin, or a mix of English and Maltese)* appeared in 1839, and featured the poems *l-Imħabba u Fantasija* *(Love and Fantasy)* and *Sunett* *(A Sonnett)*.

The first epic poem in Maltese, *Il-Ġifen Tork* *(The Turkish Caravel)*, by Giovanni Antonio Vassallo, was published in 1842, followed by *Ħrejjef bil-Malti* *(Legends in Maltese)* and *Ħrejjef u Ċajt bil-Malti* *(Legends and Jokes in Maltese)* in 1861 and 1863 respectively. The same author published the first history book in the Maltese language entitled *Storja ta’ Malta Miktuba għall-Poplu* *(The People's History of Malta)* in 1862.

1863 saw the publication of the first novel in Maltese, *Elvira Jew Imħabba ta’ Tirann* *(Elvira, or the Love of a Tyrant)* by the Neapolitan author, Giuseppe Folliero de Luna. Anton Manwel Caruana's novel *Ineż Farruġ* (1889), the first Maltese novel, was modelled on traditional Italian historical novels, such as Manzoni's *I promessi sposi* and has been the subject of recent scholarly attention.

#### Notable Maltese writers

## Poetry

### *Il-Kantilena*

*Il-Kantilena* is the oldest written text known to exist in Maltese, dating from no later than 1485, the death of Pietru Caxaro, the author it is attributed to. It was not rediscovered until 1966 or 1968 by Godfrey Wettinger and Fr. Mikiel Fsadni in the Valletta Notarial Archives. Frans Sammut published a revolutionary interpretation of it in 2009. Karmenu Mallia translated it into Esperanto and wrote an article about it in 'Literatura Foiro'.

## Contemporary literature

The post-War years saw the emergence of *Moviment Qawmien Letterarju* (Literary Revival Movement) in 1967, an avant-garde literary movement the protagonists of which included Oliver Friggieri (later Professor of Maltese at the University of Malta), Frans Sammut (1945–2011), the "national author", Alfred Sant (who was Prime Minister from 1996 to 1998), Lino Spiteri (who was Finance Minister in two Governments), and others.

Among Oliver Friggieri's most important works is the collection of his poems.

Frans Sammut's reputation is built on his novels *Il-Gaġġa* (on which the film with the same name is based), *Samuraj*, *Paceville* and *Il-Ħolma Maltija* (translated in Esperanto as *La Malta Revo*). Alfred Sant is known for his theatre collected mostly in his *Fid-Dell tal-Katidral u Drammi Ohra*, whereas Lino Spiteri became renowned for his novel *Rivoluzzjoni Do Minore* and his short stories.

The *Moviment Qawmien Letterarju* scene eventually gave way to a new wave of writers, whose voices have shaped the contemporary literature scene. Foremost amongst these are writers such as Albert Marshall, Immanuel Mifsud, Adrian Grima, and Antoine Cassar. The contemporary scene has also seen the emergence of a new generation of writers including Simone Inguanez, Nadia Mifsud, Simone Galea, Elizabeth Grech, Clare Azzopardi, Lon Kirkop, Kirsten Spiteri and Lara Calleja who won the European Union Prize for Literature for her book *Kissirtu Kullimkien*.

Nowadays Maltese literature is dominated by literature in the Maltese language (e.g., Alex Vella Gera, Guze' Stagno), some works in English (David Samuel Hudson and Francis Ebejer for instance), and some works in Italian, such as the poems of Judge J.J. Cremona and Albert Caruana's ebook *Il Sindaco di Racalmusci*.

Walid Nabhan has published two books of short stories in Maltese, and one novel titled *L-Eżodu taċ-Ċikonji* (2013) which won the Maltese National Prize for Literature in 2014, and the EU Prize for Literature in 2017. He published a collection of poetry in Maltese in 2014. Nabhan has also translated works of Maltese literature into Arabic.

## List of books in Maltese


abstract: The FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships 1981 took place in Niedernsill, Austria. This was the second time the city has hosted the championships after having done so in 1974.

text:
# FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships 1981

The **FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships 1981** took place in Niedernsill, Austria. This was the second time the city has hosted the championships after having done so in 1974.

## Men's singles

| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Otto Bachman (ITA) |  |
| Silver | Damiano Lugon (ITA) |  |
| Bronze | Othmar Neulichedl (ITA) |  |

## Women's singles

| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Delia Vaudan (ITA) |  |
| Silver | Helene Mitterstieler (ITA) |  |
| Bronze | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) |  |

## Men's doubles

| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Italy (Oswald Pornbacher, Erich Graber) |  |
| Silver | Italy (Hubert Mairamhof, H. Huber) |  |
| Bronze | Austria (Manfred Danklmaier, Willi Danklmaier) |  |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy (ITA) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (2 entries) | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |