title: North Patchogue, New York

abstract: North Patchogue is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Brookhaven on Long Island, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The CDP population was 7,246 at the 2010 census.

text:
# North Patchogue, New York

**North Patchogue** (/ˈpæɒɡ/, *PATCH-awg*) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Brookhaven on Long Island, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The CDP population was 7,246 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.3 km2), of which 2.0 square miles (5.1 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2), or 2.57%, is water.

North Patchogue is near the interchange of NY-27 (Sunrise Highway), and NY-112 (Medford Avenue).

It is also the home of two waterways that flow into the Patchogue Lake and River, one of which is Canaan Lake.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 6,751 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Demographics of the CDP

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,825 people, 2,694 households, and 1,988 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,669.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,416.9/km2). There were 2,781 housing units at an average density of 1,304.2 per square mile (503.6/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.30% White, 1.44% African American, 0.09% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.38% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.77% of the population.

There were 2,694 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $61,145, and the median income for a family was $65,117. Males had a median income of $44,302 versus $31,724 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,719. About 2.4% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty threshold, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

The median income in North Patchogue is $103,854.

The Gateway Plaza is located in the CDP. It is an outdoor shopping center with over 30 stores. The daily traffic in the plaza reaches up to 80,000 vehicles per day. The plaza is located on Sunrise Highway.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| North Patchogue, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet and census-designated place | |
| U.S. Census map | |
| North Patchogue | |
| Coordinates: 40°47′3″N 73°1′23″W / 40.78417°N 73.02306°W / 40.78417; -73.02306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Suffolk |
| Town | Brookhaven |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.02 sq mi (5.24 km2) |
| Land | 1.97 sq mi (5.11 km2) |
| Water | 0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2) |
| Elevation | 49 ft (15 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 6,751 |
| Density | 3,421.69/sq mi (1,321.11/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 |
| ZIP Code | 11772 |
| Area code(s) | 631, 934 |
| FIPS code | 36-53319 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0958869 |


title: West Tyson County Park

abstract: West Tyson County Park is a county park in the U.S. state of Missouri consisting of 673 acres (2.72 km⁲) located in St. Louis County east of the town of Eureka. The park is located north of Interstate 44, west of Tyson Research Center, east of Route 66 State Park, and south and east of the Meramec River. West Tyson County Park was originally part of the Tyson Valley Powder Plant during World War II. After the war 210 acres (0.85 km⁲) were acquired by St. Louis County in 1955. In 1979 an additional 410 acres (1.7 km⁲) were acquired. The Chubb Trail was developed in 1985. The William Epstein Memorial Prairie creation project was begun in 1988.

text:
# West Tyson County Park

**West Tyson County Park** is a county park in the U.S. state of Missouri consisting of 673 acres (2.72 km2) located in St. Louis County east of the town of Eureka. The park is located north of Interstate 44, west of Tyson Research Center, east of Route 66 State Park, and south and east of the Meramec River.

West Tyson County Park was originally part of the Tyson Valley Powder Plant during World War II. After the war 210 acres (0.85 km2) were acquired by St. Louis County in 1955. In 1979 an additional 410 acres (1.7 km2) were acquired. The Chubb Trail was developed in 1985. The William Epstein Memorial Prairie creation project was begun in 1988.

## InfoBox

| West Tyson County Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | St. Louis County, Missouri, United States |
| Coordinates | 38°31′07″N 90°35′04″W / 38.518573°N 90.584357°W / 38.518573; -90.584357 |
| Area | 1.05 sq mi (2.7 km2) |
| Established | 1955 |
| Website | West Tyson County Park |


title: Oklahoma CyberKnife

abstract: Oklahoma CyberKnife is a cancer treatment center based in Oklahoma. The center treats malignant and benign tumors in the lungs, spine, brain, liver, pancreas, eye, prostate and kidney using CyberKnife technology. Oklahoma CyberKnife has treated patients from around Oklahoma as well as patients from bordering states. Oklahoma CyberKnife opened in 2008 as part of Hillcrest Medical Center. In 2009, the center performed the highest number of lung-cancer treatments of any CyberKnife center internationally. Lung tumors continue to make up a majority of cases treated at Oklahoma CyberKnife. In 2012, Oklahoma CyberKnife began treating prostate patients with Medicare coverage provided they were participants in a clinical trial. Dr. Diane Heaton, Oklahoma CyberKnife's medical director, is an expert in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, a neurological disorder. She appeared at the 2012 annual meeting of the CyberKnife Society to present her clinical findings from a study examining pain relief in 19 trigeminal neuralgia patients following CyberKnife treatment.

text:
# Oklahoma CyberKnife

**Oklahoma CyberKnife** is a cancer treatment center based in Oklahoma. The center treats malignant and benign tumors in the lungs, spine, brain, liver, pancreas, eye, prostate and kidney using CyberKnife technology. Oklahoma CyberKnife has treated patients from around Oklahoma as well as patients from bordering states.

Oklahoma CyberKnife opened in 2008 as part of Hillcrest Medical Center. In 2009, the center performed the highest number of lung-cancer treatments of any CyberKnife center internationally. Lung tumors continue to make up a majority of cases treated at Oklahoma CyberKnife.

In 2012, Oklahoma CyberKnife began treating prostate patients with Medicare coverage provided they were participants in a clinical trial.

Dr. Diane Heaton, Oklahoma CyberKnife's medical director, is an expert in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, a neurological disorder. She appeared at the 2012 annual meeting of the CyberKnife Society to present her clinical findings from a study examining pain relief in 19 trigeminal neuralgia patients following CyberKnife treatment.

## InfoBox

Oklahoma CyberKnife
| Industry | Healthcare |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | July 2008 (2008-07) |
| Headquarters | 6802 South Olympia Avenue, Suite G100, Tulsa, OK, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States |
| Key people | Medical Director: Dr. Diane Heaton<br>Radiation Oncologist: Dr. Joshua Garren |
| Website | www.oklahomack.com |


title: Milwaukee Hurling Club

abstract: The Milwaukee Hurling Club (MHC) has promoted the sport of hurling through education and game play since 1996. The Milwaukee Hurling Club (MHC), founded by Tom Mills, first introduced the sport of hurling to Milwaukee in 1996 with 30 members. In 1997, four teams were formed and this enabled the club to hold regular games. From 1998 through 2001 the league featured 6 teams. The number of people playing continued growing, and by 2002 the membership grew to 160 members playing on 8 teams, as well as 30-plus members participating in Camogie. In 2010 the MHC grew to over 300 members, including over 100 youth. The Milwaukee Hurling Club's 15th season featured 10 adult co-ed teams, and 6 youth teams.

text:
# Milwaukee Hurling Club

The **Milwaukee Hurling Club** (MHC) has promoted the sport of hurling through education and game play since 1996.

The Milwaukee Hurling Club (MHC), founded by Tom Mills, first introduced the sport of hurling to Milwaukee in 1996 with 30 members. In 1997, four teams were formed and this enabled the club to hold regular games. From 1998 through 2001 the league featured 6 teams. The number of people playing continued growing, and by 2002 the membership grew to 160 members playing on 8 teams, as well as 30-plus members participating in Camogie. In 2010 the MHC grew to over 300 members, including over 100 youth. The Milwaukee Hurling Club's 15th season featured 10 adult co-ed teams, and 6 youth teams.

## The Milwaukee Hurling Club and the North American Gaelic Athletic Association

The Milwaukee Hurling Club attempts to develop American players unlike some of the clubs in Chicago and Atlanta which bring in players from Ireland . The club is funded by the players and sponsors. While the MHC plays games among the 11 teams within the club there are travelling teams which compete in North American Gaelic Athletic Association (NAGAA) tournaments. Specifically, there have been two men's and a women's (Camogie) travelling teams. The traveling teams are made up of players who also play on the coed club teams. In 2007, the Milwaukee Men's Junior B travelling team captured its first NAGAA Championship. In 2008, The Milwaukee Men's Junior B travelling team repeated as NAGAA Champions and will move up to Junior A in 2009.

Due to the success of promoting the sport of hurling the club administrator, Dave Olson, was honored by the GAA in Ireland with the President's Award. This was the first time ever that an American had been recognized with such an honor.

As the MHC has grown and become more organized it has been more involved with the NAGAA but has still maintained an independent status. The separation specifically allows for coed teams which is not allowed on official NAGAA teams. The mixed teams is generally the only difference as the MHC follows rule changes made annually by the GAA in Ireland.

## InfoBox

| Milwaukee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 1996 |
| County | North American |
| Division | Central Division Board |
| Colours | Blue and White |
| Grounds | Brown Deer Park |
|  | |


title: Aneez Esmail

abstract: Aneez Esmail is a general practitioner and academic at the University of Manchester. He is a professor of general practice and a GP for three sessions a week. Between 2012 and 2017 he served as the director of the National Institute for Health Research's (NIHR) research centre on patient safety in primary care. He is well known for his work over many years on racism in the British National Health Service. He has chaired a wide-ranging review of all postgraduate medical exams. He was medical adviser to the Shipman Inquiry. He was offered an OBE for his contribution to primary care and race relations in 2002, but declined it. Esmail is a British Asian, having previously lived in East Africa. He is the first British Asian to ever hold an executive position at a UK Russell Group University.

text:
# Aneez Esmail

**Aneez Esmail** is a general practitioner and academic at the University of Manchester. He is a professor of general practice and a GP for three sessions a week. Between 2012 and 2017 he served as the director of the National Institute for Health Research's (NIHR) research centre on patient safety in primary care. He is well known for his work over many years on racism in the British National Health Service. He has chaired a wide-ranging review of all postgraduate medical exams. He was medical adviser to the Shipman Inquiry. He was offered an OBE for his contribution to primary care and race relations in 2002, but declined it.

Esmail is a British Asian, having previously lived in East Africa. He is the first British Asian to ever hold an executive position at a UK Russell Group University.

## Work on racism in the medical profession

### Discrimination in the job application process

He explains that when he asked a hospital consultant, when a young doctor, "Tell me how do you decide who you short-list for a job? and he said 'Oh its very simple Aneez' he said 'I put all the foreign applications in one pile and all the English applications in another pile and I look at the English applications first and only if I do not find any suitable candidates I look at the list with the foreign names'." He went on in 1993, with Dr Sam Everington of the Medical Practitioners Union to devise a project that would try and actually determine whether discrimination was real. They took two sets of application forms one with an Asian name and one with an English name. They constructed applications so that they were almost exactly the same in terms of the age of the applicant, in terms of where the applicant qualified and in terms of their experience. They then sent one application with an English name and one with an Asian name to 30 hospitals which were advertising vacancies. They found that the white applicant was twice as likely to be short-listed as the Asian applicant. As a result of complaints he and Everington were arrested and charged with making fraudulent job applications. Their paper was in the BMJ and they were threatened by the General Medical Council with a charge of behaviour which was unbecoming of the medical profession. On further investigation they discovered that ethnic minority doctors were 6 times more likely to be brought before the Professional Conduct Committee of the General Medical Council than white doctors.

He made a complaint against the University of Manchester in 2002 claiming that it was institutionally racist because his work was not submitted to the Research Assessment Exercise.

### Bias in postgraduate exams

He was chosen to head the General Medical Council’s 2014 review into the differences between the scores achieved by black and minority ethnic GP trainees and their white counterparts in the clinical skills assessment component of the Membership exam of the Royal College of General Practitioners. The RCGP was challenged in the courts by the British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin. He analysed data on more than 5,000 candidates who sat the CSA exam over a two-year period. He said ‘subjective bias due to racial discrimination may be a cause’ of the different pass rates for between white and non-white graduates. "Many of us who do work in this area describe the problem of unconscious bias. So I think that what might be happening, especially with the white British graduates compared to the ethnic minority British graduates, is that - without realising it even perhaps - they may be assessing it in a different way. So I don't think that it's the examiners saying 'oh we don't like ethnic minorities' - it doesn't work like that anymore. It's all this unconscious stuff that goes on which we need to be aware of."

## European Union

Most of Aneez Esmail's work was carried out when the UK was in the EU. The European Union hold a famously less diverse Higher Education and health service and little research has been done to prove these any better in diversity.


title: Gurney, Illinois

abstract: Gurney is a ghost town in Cass County, Illinois, United States. Gurney was located in Ashland Township, on Illinois Route 125 between Philadelphia and Ashland.

text:
# Gurney, Illinois

**Gurney** is a ghost town in Cass County, Illinois, United States. Gurney was located in Ashland Township, on Illinois Route 125 between Philadelphia and Ashland.

## InfoBox

| Gurney, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| Gurney, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 39°53′57″N 90°03′00″W / 39.89917°N 90.05000°W / 39.89917; -90.05000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Cass |
| Elevation | 630 ft (190 m) |
| GNIS feature ID | 422767 |


title: Uncial 0297

abstract: Uncial 0297, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century.

text:
# Uncial 0297

**Uncial 0297** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century.

## Description

The codex contains a small parts of the Gospel of Matthew, on 2 parchment leaves (33 cm by 25.8 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in uncial letters.

It is a palimpsest, the upper text contains the menaion.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th century.

## Contents

The codex contains: Matthew 1:1-14; 5:3-19.

## Location

Currently the codex is housed at the British Library (Additional Manuscripts 31919, fol. 105, 108) in London.

## InfoBox

Uncial **0297**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Matthew 1:1-14; 5:3-19 |
| Date | 9th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | British Library |
| Size | 33 cm by 25.8 cm |


title: Obsidian (Naomi Sharon album)

abstract: Obsidian is the debut studio album by Dutch recording artist Naomi Sharon, released on October 20, 2023 by OVO Sound and Santa Anna Label Group. The album was executive produced by Alex Lustig & Beau Nox; with production by 40, Alex Lustig, Andre Harris, Beau Nox, David Gramz, Jack Ro and Nineteen85. Obsidian spawned five singles: "Hills", "Another Life", "Celestial", "Definition of Love", and "Regardless".

text:
# Obsidian (Naomi Sharon album)

***Obsidian*** is the debut studio album by Dutch recording artist Naomi Sharon, released on October 20, 2023 by OVO Sound and Santa Anna Label Group. The album was executive produced by Alex Lustig & Beau Nox; with production by 40, Alex Lustig, Andre Harris, Beau Nox, David Gramz, Jack Ro and Nineteen85. *Obsidian* spawned five singles: "Hills", "Another Life", "Celestial", "Definition of Love", and "Regardless".

## Background

*Obsidian* follows her signing to Drake's record label in early 2023 after she caught his attention from her second ever released single, "Breeze."

## Critical reception

*A Book of Us* lauded the album for its emotional depth and diverse range of influences. Further, they declare that the album transcends genres.

## Track listing

Track listing and credits adapted from Apple Music and Tidal.

*Obsidian* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Definition of Love" | * Alex Lustig * Christian Beau Anastasiou Astrop | * Alex Lustig * Beau Nox | 3:16 |
| 2. | "If This Is Love" | * Lustig * Astrop * Naomi Sharon | * Alex Lustig * Beau Nox\[a\] | 3:27 |
| 3. | "Another Life" | * Lustig * Astrop * David Friedrich * Gregor Sutterlin * Naomi Sharon * Noah Shebib |  | 4:31 |
| 4. | "Myrrh" | * Astrop * David Gramz * Sharon | * Beau Nox * David Gramz | 3:17 |
| 5. | "Celestial" | * Astrop * Sharon * Shebib |  | 2:53 |
| 6. | "Time And Trust" | * Lustig * Astrop * Sharon | * Alex Lustig * Beau Nox | 2:30 |
| 7. | "Push" (featuring Omah Lay) |  |  | 2:43 |
| 8. | "Holding In Place" | * Lustig * Astrop * Liz Rodrigues * Sharon | * Alex Lustig * Beau Nox\[a\] | 3:36 |
| 9. | "Extacy" | * Lustig * Astrop * Sharon | * Beau Nox * Alex Lustig\[a\] | 4:12 |
| 10. | "Lucid Dreamer" | * Lustig * Astrop * Liz Rodrigues * Sharon | * Alex Lustig | 3:14 |
| 11. | "Regardless" | * Lustig * Astrop * Jack Rochon * Sharon | * Beau Nox * Jack Rochon * Alex Lustig\[a\] | 3:09 |
| 12. | "Outro (If This Is Love)" (featuring Beau Nox) | * Lustig * Astrop * Sharon | * Beau Nox | 1:57 |
| 13. | "Hills" |  |  | 3:01 |
| Total length: | | | | 41:46 |

Notes * **^a**  signifies a co-producer

## Release history

Release dates and formats for *Obsidian*
| Region | Date | Label(s) | Format(s) | Edition(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | October 20, 2023 |  |  | Standard |  |
| | March 29, 2024 |  | | LP |  |

## InfoBox

| Obsidian | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Naomi Sharon | |
| Released | October 20, 2023 (2023-10-20) |
| Length | 41:46 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Obsidian* | |
| 1. "Hills"
Released: December 17, 2021 2. "Another Life"
Released: January 20, 2023 3. "Celestial"
Released: January 20, 2023 4. "Definition of Love"
Released: August 25, 2023 5. "Regardless"
Released: October 11, 2023 | |
|  | |


title: John Bagni

abstract: John Bagni was an American actor and a writer for radio and television. He often worked with his wife Gwen Bagni. Their collaborations included scripts for Douglas Fairbanks Presents.

text:
# John Bagni

**John Bagni** (December 24, 1910 – February 13, 1954) was an American actor and a writer for radio and television.

He often worked with his wife Gwen Bagni. Their collaborations included scripts for *Douglas Fairbanks Presents*.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1936 | *Flash Gordon* | Hawkman Throne Room Guard | Serial, Uncredited |
| 1937 | *Blake of Scotland Yard* | Cafe Waiter | Serial, \[Chs. 1–3, 10, 14\], Uncredited |
| 1937 | *Windjammer* | Reporter | Uncredited |
| 1939 | *Honeymoon in Bali* | Cab Driver on Bali | Uncredited |
| 1939 | *Calling All Marines* | Zikas | Uncredited |
| 1940 | *I Take This Woman* | Marx - an Intern | (scenes deleted) |
| 1940 | *Drums of Fu Manchu* | Dangra - Spy at Fort | Serial, \[Ch.8\], Uncredited |
| 1940 | *King of the Royal Mounted* | Higgins, Cabin Henchman | Serial, \[Ch. 7\], Uncredited |
| 1940 | *Mysterious Doctor Satan* | Gray - Pick-up Thug | Serial, \[Chs. 14-15\], Uncredited |
| 1941 | *Adventures of Captain Marvel* | Cowan - Henchman | Serial, \[Ch. 2-10\] |
| 1941 | *Mutiny in the Arctic* | Loma |  |
| 1941 | *Aloma of the South Seas* | Native | Uncredited |
| 1941 | *King of the Texas Rangers* | Slater - Henchman | Serial, (Ch. 10), Uncredited |
| 1941 | *New York Town* | The Dip | Uncredited |
| 1941 | *Bombay Clipper* | Paul, the Purser |  |
| 1941 | *Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc.* | Pete | Serial, Uncredited |
| 1942 | *Junior G-Men of the Air* | Henchman Augar | Serial |
| 1942 | *The Tuttles of Tahiti* | Ben | Uncredited |
| 1942 | *Perils of Nyoka* | Ben Ali | Serial, \[Ch. 1\] |
| 1942 | *Mug Town* | Detective #2 | Uncredited |
| 1943 | *Adventures of the Flying Cadets* | Heinrichs - Nazi Mine Guard | Serial, \[Chs. 7-10\], Uncredited |
| 1943 | *The North Star* | Guard at Desk | Uncredited |
| 1943 | *The Phantom* | Moku | Serial, Uncredited |
| 1944 | *Captain America* | Monk | Serial |
| 1944 | *Passage to Marseille* | Seaman | Uncredited |
| 1944 | *Cobra Woman* | Native | Uncredited |
| 1944 | *Meet the People* | Tough Workman | Uncredited |
| 1944 | *The Desert Hawk* | Brother of the Sword | Serial, Uncredited |
| 1944 | *My Buddy* | First Mobster | Uncredited |
| 1945 | *Counter-Attack* | Paratrooper | Uncredited |
| 1945 | *A Bell for Adano* | Priest | Uncredited |
| 1946 | *The Phantom Thief* | Shill | Uncredited |
| 1946 | *Heldorado* | Johnny - Driscoll Henchman |  |
| 1947 | *The Pretender* | Hank Gordon |  |
| 1947 | *The Foxes of Harrow* | Crew Member | Uncredited |
| 1947 | *The Senator Was Indiscreet* | Italian Waiter | Uncredited |
| 1948 | *Devil's Cargo* | Ofiicer Bob |  |
| 1948 | *Casbah* | Inspector | Uncredited |
| 1948 | *Speed to Spare* | Truck Driver | Uncredited |
| 1948 | *The Far Frontier* | Smuggled Criminal |  |
| 1950 | *Captain China* | Sparks |  |
| 1950 | *Black Hand* | Footpad | Uncredited, (final film role) |

## Selected screenwriting

## InfoBox

| John Bagni | |
| --- | --- |
| Bagni in *The Phantom* (1943) | |
| Born | (1910-12-24)December 24, 1910 |
| Died | February 13, 1954(1954-02-13) (aged 43) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, Writer |
| Spouse | Gwen Bagni |


title: North Patagonian Gulfs marine ecoregion

abstract: The North Patagonian Gulfs marine ecoregion covers the gulfs and continental shelf of the middle Patagonian coast of Argentina. As the name suggests, the coast is indented with large gulfs - San Matías Gulf (north), Golfo Nuevo (middle) and San Jorge Gulf (south). The broad, protected areas and rocky reefs support abundant fisheries. The abundance of rocks, promontories and islands support breeding sites for marine mammals and colonies of seabirds. The area is, however, under pressure from over-harvesting of mollusk and crustacean beds, and from development and tourism. The entire ecoregion is on the Patagonian Shelf. The ecoregion is part of the Magellanic marine province. It is thus part of the Temperate South America realm..

text:
# North Patagonian Gulfs marine ecoregion

The **North Patagonian Gulfs marine ecoregion** covers the gulfs and continental shelf of the middle Patagonian coast of Argentina. As the name suggests, the coast is indented with large gulfs - San Matías Gulf (north), Golfo Nuevo (middle) and San Jorge Gulf (south). The broad, protected areas and rocky reefs support abundant fisheries. The abundance of rocks, promontories and islands support breeding sites for marine mammals and colonies of seabirds. The area is, however, under pressure from over-harvesting of mollusk and crustacean beds, and from development and tourism. The entire ecoregion is on the Patagonian Shelf. The ecoregion is part of the Magellanic marine province. It is thus part of the Temperate South America realm. .

## Physical setting

The northern border of the ecoregion, at 41°S, reaches out for 260 miles into the Atlantic Ocean from the mouth of Río Negro (Argentina). The ecoregion is bounded on the south at 47°S at the southern point of San Jorge Gulf. In between are 1,890 miles of highly indented coastline. The bordering coast is generally low, dry scrub and grassland, characterized by the Argentine Monte ecoregion along the northern coast and Patagonian Desert along the southern. Few rivers feed the ecoregion; exceptions are the Rio Negro in the north and Chubut River in the south.

The entire ecoregion sits on the continental shelf (the Patagonian Shelf). The deepest point in the ecoregion overall is −216 metres (−709 ft), and the average is −78 metres (−256 ft).

## Currents and climate

The cold, nutrient-rich Malvinas Current (MC) (also called the Falkland Current) is a north-flowing offshoot of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that flows along the continental slope just offshore of the ecoregion. The cross-shelf flow (perpendicular to the coast) varies in rate in an annual cycle.

Surface water temperatures in the gulfs range from 8 °C in August–September to 18 °C in February–March.

## Animals / Fish

Marine productivity is very high in the region. The shallow waters of the shelf provide light and protection, the varied seabed (rocks, gravel, limestone) support a rich benthic community, and the marine fronts provide mixing of nutrients and sea life. In the San Matias Gulf, the most important commercial fisheries are for Argentine hake (*Merluccius hubbsi*) and the Choicy ruff (*Seriolella porosa*).

## Conservation

The ecoregion includes the waters around Valdés Peninsula, a World Heritage site famous breeding sites for sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. The area also supports the most important breeding ground for Southern right whales in the world.

## InfoBox

| North Patagonian Gulfs marine ecoregion | |
| --- | --- |
| Penguins on coast of Valdes Peninsula | |
| Marine ecoregion boundaries (red line) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Temperate South America |
| Province | Magellanic province |
| Borders (marine) | Uruguay - Buenos Aires Shelf, Patagonian Shelf |
| Geography | |
| Area | 208,821 km2 (80,626 sq mi) |
| Country | Argentina |


title: Lasy, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Lasy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kraśnik, within Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Lasy, Lublin Voivodeship

**Lasy** \[ˈlasɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kraśnik, within Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Lasy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Lasy | |
| Coordinates: 50°56′02″N 22°15′37″E / 50.93389°N 22.26028°E / 50.93389; 22.26028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Kraśnik |
| Gmina | Kraśnik |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Chippewa County, Minnesota. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map. There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Chippewa County, Minnesota

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Chippewa County, Minnesota**. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Charles H. Budd House |  | September 19, 1977
(#77000726) | 219 N. 3rd St.
44°56′50″N 95°43′24″W / 44.947129°N 95.723424°W / 44.947129; -95.723424 (Charles H. Budd House) | Montevideo | 1909 house of an influential early settler (arriving in 1872) who was active in local law, politics, banking, and civics. |
| 2 | Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Depot |  | October 27, 1988
(#88002079) | S. 1st St. at Park Ave.
44°56′29″N 95°43′22″W / 44.941524°N 95.722697°W / 44.941524; -95.722697 (Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Depot) | Montevideo | 1901 passenger depot, only remaining building of a large Milwaukee Road division headquarters that spurred Montevideo's development. Now a railway museum. |
| 3 | Chippewa County Bank |  | September 19, 1977
(#77000727) | N. 1st St. and Lincoln Ave.
44°56′51″N 95°43′28″W / 44.947414°N 95.724577°W / 44.947414; -95.724577 (Chippewa County Bank) | Montevideo | 1900 Romanesque Revival commercial building constructed to house Montevideo's oldest bank, established in 1870. |
| 4 | Henry Gippe Farmstead |  | September 25, 1985
(#85002558) | U.S. Route 59
44°59′38″N 95°46′23″W / 44.993889°N 95.773056°W / 44.993889; -95.773056 (Henry Gippe Farmstead) | Watson vicinity | 1865 farm with an ornate 1887 house, one of Chippewa County's first permanent homesteads and its oldest surviving brick farmhouse. |
| 5 | Lac qui Parle Mission Archeological Historic District |  | March 14, 1973
(#73000971) | Address restricted
45°01′25″N 95°52′05″W / 45.023746°N 95.868166°W / 45.023746; -95.868166 (Lac qui Parle Mission Archeological Historic District) | Montevideo vicinity | Site of the 1826 Fort Renville trading post and an 1841 mission church (reconstructed in the 1940s), plus associated Euro-American and Dakota habitations. Extends into Lac qui Parle County. |
| 6 | Maynard State Bank |  | May 29, 2018
(#100002501) | 330 Cynthia St.
44°54′28″N 95°28′10″W / 44.9077°N 95.4695°W / 44.9077; -95.4695 (Maynard State Bank) | Maynard |  |
| 7 | Montevideo Carnegie Library |  | August 26, 1982
(#82002938) | 125 N. 3rd St.
44°56′47″N 95°43′24″W / 44.946472°N 95.723461°W / 44.946472; -95.723461 (Montevideo Carnegie Library) | Montevideo | 1906 Carnegie library in use until 1968, featuring a modest local adaptation of Neoclassical architecture. |
| 8 | Olof Swensson Farmstead |  | December 30, 1974
(#74001010) | County Highways 6 and 15
44°52′43″N 95°35′33″W / 44.878568°N 95.592478°W / 44.878568; -95.592478 (Olof Swensson Farmstead) | Granite Falls vicinity | 1873 homestead of a Norwegian immigrant (1843–1923) noted for his self-sufficient construction and eccentric reform efforts. Now the **Swensson Farm Museum**. |
| 9 | Julian A. Weaver House |  | June 20, 1986
(#86001344) | 863 Lincoln Ave. (originally 837 Minnesota Ave.)
44°48′27″N 95°32′02″W / 44.807596°N 95.533993°W / 44.807596; -95.533993 (Julian A. Weaver House) | Granite Falls | c. 1878 house of Granite Falls' first railway agent, also notable as one of the region's few intact 1870s residences. |


abstract: I Shall Be Released: The Best of James Blundell is the first greatest hits album by Australian recording artist James Blundell, released in August 2001 by EMI; ending his contract with the label. The album has 20 of Blundell's hits and best tracks from the last decade plus 4 brand new tracks "The Valley", "A Moment in Time", "Come Back Soon" and "I Shall Be Released".

text:
# I Shall Be Released: The Best of James Blundell

***I Shall Be Released: The Best of James Blundell*** is the first greatest hits album by Australian recording artist James Blundell, released in August 2001 by EMI; ending his contract with the label. The album has 20 of Blundell's hits and best tracks from the last decade plus 4 brand new tracks "The Valley", "A Moment in Time", "Come Back Soon" and "I Shall Be Released".

## Reception

Ron Adsett from Capital News said "If you want a taste of James, this is a great value introduction to the work on his seven other albums to date."

## Track listing

1. "Moment in Time" (J. Blundell) - 3:36
2. "The Old Man's Gone" (J. Blundell) - 3:12
3. "Age of Grace" (J. Blundell) - 3:34
4. "Walk On" (G. Barnhill/J. Blundell/V. Melamed) - 3:24
5. "Time On His Hands" (J. Blundell/D. McCumpstie/Garth Porter) - 3:44
6. "Down on the Farm" (J. Blundell/ Billy Dean) - 3:57
7. "Pride" (C. Bailey/J. Blundell) - 4:42
8. "Very Good Song" (J. Blundell/M. King) - 3:54
9. "Mysterious Ways" (J. Blundell/R. Kennedy) - 3:45
10. "Touch of Water" (J. Blundell) - 4:37
11. "Rain on a Tin Roof" (J. Blundell) - 5:04
12. "Kimberely Moon" (J. Blundell/D. Trevor) - 3:44
13. "Cloncurry Cattle Song" (J. Blundell/M. Hickson) - 3:24
14. "Come Back Soon" (J. Blundell) - 2:26
15. "Guardian Angels" (J. Blundell) - 4:40
16. "The Valley" (J. Blundell) - 3:28
17. "Way Out West"  (with James Reyne)  (The Dingoes) - 4:02
18. "Blue Heeler" (J. Blundell) - 4:16
19. "This Road" (J. Blundell) - 3:47
20. "I Shall Be Released" (Bob Dylan) - 4:21

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Country Albums (ARIA Charts) | 7 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Edition(s) | Label | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | 27 August 2001 |  | Standard | EMI | 5353242 |
| Australia | 1 October 2001 | * Cassette | Standard | EMI | 5353244 |
|

## InfoBox

| I Shall Be Released: The Best of James Blundell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by James Blundell | |
| Released | 27 August 2001 (2001-08-27) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 77:37 |
| Label | EMI |
| James Blundell chronology | |
| *Amsterdam Breakfast*
(1999) ***I Shall Be Released: The Best of James Blundell***
(2001) *Deluge*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *I Shall Be Released: The Best of James Blundell* | |
| 1. "The Valley "
Released: August 2001 2. "I Shall Be Released"
Released: 2001 | |
|  | |


title: Gers (river)

abstract: The Gers is a 175-kilometre (109 mi) long river in southern France, left tributary of the Garonne. Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the départements Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers and Lot-et-Garonne. It flows into the Garonne in Layrac, near Agen. The city Auch lies along the river Gers. It gives its name to the Gers département.

text:
# Gers (river)

The **Gers** (French: \[ʒɛʁ(s)\] ) is a 175-kilometre (109 mi) long river in southern France, left tributary of the Garonne.

Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the *départements* Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers and Lot-et-Garonne. It flows into the Garonne in Layrac, near Agen. The city Auch lies along the river Gers. It gives its name to the Gers *département*.

## Toponymy

The name of the Gers appears in the sixth century as *Ægirtius*, *de Egircio flumine* and *Gircius*. It is known as *in flumine Gersio* in 817 and as *Iercius* in the 13th century.

## Departments and cities

The Gers passes through the following departments and main towns:

## InfoBox

| Gers | |
| --- | --- |
| Gers River in Auch | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | France |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Plateau de Lannemezan |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Garonne |
| coordinates | 44°8′40″N 0°38′52″E / 44.14444°N 0.64778°E / 44.14444; 0.64778 |
| Length | 175.4 km (109.0 mi) |
| Basin size | 1,227 km2 (474 sq mi) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| average | 7.06 m3/s (249 cu ft/s) |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | GaronneGironde estuaryAtlantic Ocean
GersGaronneGironde estuaryAtlantic Ocean |


abstract: The NCAA Division II women's Outdoor track and field championships are contested at an annual collegiate track and field competition, hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team women's champions among its Division II member institutions in the United States and Canada. It has been held every year since 1982. Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. The women's championships are held concurrently with the men's Division II competition. These two events are nevertheless separate from the NCAA Division II Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division II Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships, which are held during the winter. The reigning team national champions are Pittsburg State, who won their second national title in 2024. The most successful team, with ten titles, were the Abilene Christian Wildcats.

text:
# NCAA Division II women's outdoor track and field championships

The **NCAA Division II women's Outdoor track and field championships** are contested at an annual collegiate track and field competition, hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team women's champions among its Division II member institutions in the United States and Canada. It has been held every year since 1982.

Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field.

The women's championships are held concurrently with the men's Division II competition. These two events are nevertheless separate from the NCAA Division II Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division II Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships, which are held during the winter.

The reigning team national champions are Pittsburg State, who won their second national title in 2024.

The most successful team, with ten titles, were the Abilene Christian Wildcats.

## Summary

| NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Site | Stadium |  | Championship Results | | | |
| | | | | Winner | Points | Runners-Up | Points |
| 1982
*Details* | Sacramento, CA
(Sacramento State) | Hornet Stadium | | **Cal Poly SLO** | 259 | Alabama A&M | 144½ |
| 1983
*Details* | Cape Girardeau, MO
(Southeast Missouri State) | Houck Stadium | | **Cal Poly SLO** (2) | 206 | Morgan State | 116 |
| 1984
*Details* | | | | **Cal Poly SLO** (3) | 169½ | Alabama A&M | 139 |
| 1985
*Details* | Los Angeles, CA
(Los Angeles State) | Jesse Owens Track | | **Abilene Christian** | 106 | Cal Poly SLO | 103 |
| 1986
*Details* | | | | **Abilene Christian** (2) | 112 | Cal Poly SLO | 93½ |
| 1987
*Details* | Cape Girardeau, MO
(Southeast Missouri State) | Houck Stadium | | **Abilene Christian** (3) | 166 | Cal Poly SLO | 114 |
| 1988
*Details* | San Angelo, TX
(Angelo State) | Multi-Sports Complex | | **Abilene Christian** (4) | 109½ | Alabama A&M | 72 |
| 1989
*Details* | Hampton, VA
(Hampton) | Armstrong Stadium | | **Cal Poly SLO** (4) | 103 | Abilene Christian | 70 |
| 1990
*Details* | | | | **Cal Poly SLO** (5) | 116 | Norfolk State | 72 |
| 1991
*Details* | San Angelo, TX
(Angelo State) | Multi-Sports Complex | | **Cal Poly SLO** (6) | 72 | Alabama A&M | 71 |
| 1992
*Details* | | | | **Alabama A&M** | 112 | Cal State Los Angeles | 65 |
| 1993
*Details* | Abilene, TX
(Abilene Christian) | Elmer J. Gray Stadium | | **Alabama A&M** (2) | 92 | Abilene Christian | 86 |
| 1994
*Details* | Raleigh, NC
(St. Augustine's) | George Williams Athletic Complex | | **Abilene Christian** (5) | 89½ | *Cal State Los Angeles* | 72 |
| 1995
*Details* | Emporia, KS
(Emporia State) | Francis G. Welch Stadium | | **Abilene Christian** (6) | 106 | *Cal State Los Angeles* | 71 |
| 1996
*Details* | Riverside, CA
(UC Riverside) | UC Riverside Track Facility | | **Abilene Christian** (7) | 136 | St. Augustine's | 86 |
| 1997
*Details* | Edwardsville, IL
(SIU Edwardsville) | Ralph Korte Stadium | | **St. Augustine's** | 81 | Abilene Christian | 69 |
| 1998
*Details* | | | | **Abilene Christian** (8) | 120 | St. Augustine's | 78 |
| 1999
*Details* | Emporia, KS
(Emporia State) | Francis G. Welch Stadium | | **Abilene Christian** (9) | 145½ | St. Augustine's | 98 |
| 2000
*Details* | Raleigh, NC
(Saint Augustine's) | George Williams Athletic Complex | | **St. Augustine's** (2) | 77 | Abilene Christian | 66 |
| 2001
*Details* | Edwardsville, IL
(SIU Edwardsville) | Ralph Korte Stadium | | **St. Augustine's** (3) | 80 | Western State | 59 |
| 2002
*Details* | San Angelo, TX
(Angelo State) | Multi-Sports Complex | | **St. Augustine's** (4) | 54 | North Dakota State | 53 |
| 2003
*Details* | Edwardsville, IL
(SIU Edwardsville) | Ralph Korte Stadium | | **Lincoln (MO)** | 98 | St. Augustine's | 67 |
| 2004
*Details* | Pomona, CA
(Cal Poly Pomona) | Kellogg Field | | **Lincoln (MO)** (2) | 85 | Adams State | 81 |
| 2005
*Details* | Abilene, TX
(Abilene Christian) | Elmer J. Gray Stadium | | **Lincoln (MO)** (3) | 108 | Cal State Bakersfield | 53 |
| 2006
*Details* | Emporia, KS
(Emporia State) | Francis G. Welch Stadium | | **Lincoln (MO)** (4) | 93 | Abilene Christian | 86 |
| 2007
*Details* | Charlotte, NC
(Johnson C. Smith) | Irwin Belk Complex | | **Lincoln (MO)** (5) | 82½ | Abilene Christian | 69 |
| 2008
*Details* | Pomona, CA
(Cal Poly Pomona) | Kellogg Field | | **Abilene Christian** (10) | 76½ | Adams State | 55 |
| 2009
*Details* | San Angelo, TX
(Angelo State) | LeGrand Sports Complex | | **Lincoln (MO)** (6) | 85 | Adams State | 82 |
| 2010
*Details* | Charlotte, NC
(Johnson C. Smith) | Irwin Belk Complex | | **Angelo State** | 87 | Lincoln (MO) | 73 |
| 2011
*Details* | Turlock, CA
(Cal State Stanislaus) | Warrior Stadium | | **Grand Valley State** | 82½ | Lincoln (MO) | 68 |
| 2012
*Details* | Pueblo, CO
(CSU Pueblo) | ThunderBowl | | **Grand Valley State** (2) | 90 | Lincoln (MO) | 79 |
| 2013
*Details* | | | | **Academy of Art (CA)** | 60 | Johnson C. Smith | 54 |
| 2014
*Details* | Allendale, MI
(Grand Valley State) | GVSU Track and Field Complex | | **Lincoln (MO)** (7) | 64 | Johnson C. Smith | 59 |
| 2015
*Details* | | | | **Central Missouri** | 59 | Lincoln (MO) | 50 |
| 2016
*Details* | Bradenton, FL
(Tampa) | IMG Academy | | **Pittsburg State** | 52 | St. Augustine's | 51 |
| 2017
*Details* | | | | **West Texas A&M** | 64 | Grand Valley State | 44 |
| 2018
*Details* | Sioux Falls, SD
(Sioux Falls) | Lillibridge Track | | **Lincoln (MO)** (8) | 60 | Saint Augustine's | 48.5 |
| 2019
*Details* | Kingsville, TX
(Texas A&M–Kingsville) | Javelina Stadium | | **Lincoln (MO)** (9) | 64 | Adams State | 54 |
| 2020 | *Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic* | | | | | | |
| 2021
*Details* | Allendale, MI
(Grand Valley State) | GVSU Track and Field Complex |  | **Azusa Pacific** | 81 | Grand Valley State | 77 |
| | | | 2022
*Details* | **West Texas A&M** (2) | 77 | Grand Valley State | 64 |
| | 2023
*Details* | Pueblo, CO
(CSU Pueblo) | ThunderBowl | **Azusa Pacific** (2) | 66 | Minnesota State | 57 |
| | 2024
*Details* | Emporia, KS
(Emporia State) | Francis G. Welch Stadium | **Pittsburg State** (2) | 100 | Adams State | 72 |
| | 2025
*Details* | Pueblo, CO
(CSU Pueblo) | ThunderBowl |  |  |  |  |
| | 2026
*Details* | Emporia, KS
(Emporia State) | Francis G. Welch Stadium |  |  |  |  |
|

* *Appearances vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infractions*

### Team titles

#### Active programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lincoln (MO) | 9 | 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2018, 2019 |
| St. Augustine's | 4 | 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002 |
| Pittsburg State | 2 | 2016, 2024 |
| Azusa Pacific | 2 | 2021, 2023 |
| West Texas A&M | 2 | 2017, 2022 |
| Grand Valley State | 2 | 2011, 2012 |
| Central Missouri | 1 | 2015 |
| Academy of Art | 1 | 2013 |
| Angelo State | 1 | 2010 |

#### Former programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Abilene Christian* | 10 | 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2008 |
| *Cal Poly San Luis Obispo* | 6 | 1982, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991 |
| *Alabama A&M* | 2 | 1992, 1993 |

### Individual titles

| Rank | Team | Titles |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | *Abilene Christian* | 74 |
| 2 | Lincoln (MO) | 59 |
| 3 | St. Augustine's | 47 |
| 4 | *Cal Poly San Luis Obispo* | 35 |
| 5 | Adams State | 34 |
| 6 | *Alabama A&M* | 33 |
| 7 | Western Colorado | 24 |
| 8 | Seattle Pacific | 19 |
| 9 | Cal State Los Angeles | 18 |
| 10 | Grand Valley State | 17 |

* Schools highlight in yellow have reclassified athletics from NCAA Division II.

## InfoBox

NCAA Division II women's outdoor track and field championships
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | College track and field |
| Founded | 1982 |
| Country | United States
Canada |
| Most recent
champion(s) | Pittsburg State (2nd) |
| TV partner(s) | ESPNU |
| Official website | NCAA.com |


title: Uncancylus

abstract: Uncancylus is a genus of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpets, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

text:
# Uncancylus

***Uncancylus*** is a genus of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpets, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

## Anatomy

These animals have a pallial lung, as do all pulmonate snails, but they also have a false gill or "pseudobranch" which can serve perfectly well as a gill when they are unable to reach the surface for air.

## Species

Species within the genus *Uncancylus* include:

## InfoBox

| *Uncancylus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Hygrophila |
| Family: | Planorbidae |
| Tribe: | Ancylini |
| Genus: | *Uncancylus*<br>Pilsbry, 1913 |
|
| Species | |
| *See text* | |


title: O Come to the Altar

abstract: "O Come to the Altar" is a song by American worship group Elevation Worship. It was released on February 24, 2017, as the lead single from their fifth live album, Here as in Heaven (2016). The song was written by Chris Brown, Mack Brock, Steven Furtick, and Wade Joye. The song peaked at No. 2 on the Hot Christian Songs chart, their highest-charting entry. It stayed there for a record total of sixteen weeks, blocked by Lecrae's "I'll Find You" and Hillsong Worship's "What a Beautiful Name".

text:
# O Come to the Altar

"**O Come to the Altar**" is a song by American worship group Elevation Worship. It was released on February 24, 2017, as the lead single from their fifth live album, *Here as in Heaven* (2016). The song was written by Chris Brown, Mack Brock, Steven Furtick, and Wade Joye. The song peaked at No. 2 on the Hot Christian Songs chart, their highest-charting entry. It stayed there for a record total of sixteen weeks, blocked by Lecrae's "I'll Find You" and Hillsong Worship's "What a Beautiful Name".

## Track listing

Extended play
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "O Come to the Altar" | 5:53 |
| 2. | "O Come to the Altar" (Radio Version) | 3:55 |
| 3. | "O Come to the Altar" (Acoustic) | 5:10 |
| 4. | "Ven Ante Su Trono (O Come to the Altar)" | 5:47 |
| 5. | "O Come to the Altar" (Instrumental) | 3:29 |

## Charts

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | February 24, 2017 | Christian radio | Elevation |  |
| Worldwide | October 6, 2017 | | Digital download
(Extended play) |  |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "O Come to the Altar" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Elevation Worship | |
| from the album  *Here as in Heaven* | |
| Released | February 24, 2017 (2017-02-24) |
| Genre | Worship |
| Label | Elevation |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Seth Mosley |
| Elevation Worship singles chronology | |
| "Unstoppable God"
(2015) "**O Come to the Altar**"
(2017) "Do It Again"
(2018) | |


title: Phyllocyclus

abstract:
Phyllocyclus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae. Its native range is Southern China to Indo-China. Species:
  - Phyllocyclus helferianus Kurz
  - Phyllocyclus lucidissimus Thiv
  - Phyllocyclus minutiflorus Thiv
  - Phyllocyclus parishii (Hook.f.) Kurz
  - Phyllocyclus petelotii (Merr.) Thiv

text:
# Phyllocyclus

***Phyllocyclus*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.

Its native range is Southern China to Indo-China.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Phyllocyclus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Gentianaceae |
| Genus: | *Phyllocyclus*<br>Kurz |
|


title: Patrick Olivelle

abstract: Patrick Olivelle is an Indologist. A philologist and scholar of Sanskrit Literature whose work has focused on asceticism, renunciation and the dharma, Olivelle has been Professor of Sanskrit and Indian Religions in the Department of Asian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin since 1991.

text:
# Patrick Olivelle

**Patrick Olivelle** is an Indologist. A philologist and scholar of Sanskrit Literature whose work has focused on asceticism, renunciation and the dharma, Olivelle has been Professor of Sanskrit and Indian Religions in the Department of Asian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin since 1991.

## Early life

Olivelle was born in Sri Lanka. He received a B.A. (Honours) in 1972 from the University of Oxford, where he studied Sanskrit, Pali and Indian religions with Thomas Burrow and R.C. Zaehner. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1974 for a thesis containing the critical edition and translation of Yadava Prakasa's *Yatidharmaprakasa* under the supervision of Ludo Rocher. Between 1974 and 1991, Olivelle taught in the Department of Religious Studies at Indiana University Bloomington.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Patrick Olivelle | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1942 (age 8182)<br>Sri Lanka |
| Occupations |  |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education |  |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of Texas at Austin |
|  | |


title: Roncesvalles, Toronto

abstract: Roncesvalles, also known as or Roncesvalles Village or Roncy Village, is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, centred on Roncesvalles Avenue, a north–south street leading from the intersection of King and Queen Streets to the south, north to Dundas Street West, a distance of roughly 1.7 kilometres. It is located east of High Park, north of Lake Ontario, in the Parkdale–High Park provincial and federal ridings and the municipal Ward 4. Its informal boundaries are High Park to the west, Bloor Street West to the north, Lake Ontario/Queen Street West to the south and Lansdowne Avenue/rail corridor to the east. Originally known as "Howard Park", most of this area was formerly within the boundaries of Parkdale and Brockton villages and was annexed into Toronto in the 1880s. Culturally, the area is known as the centre of the Polish community in Toronto with prominent Polish institutions, businesses and St Casimir's Catholic Church located on Roncesvalles Avenue. The businesses along Roncesvalles have formed the Roncesvalles Village Business Improvement Area and hold the largest Polish Festival in North America, which takes place every September.

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# Roncesvalles, Toronto

**Roncesvalles** (/ˈrɒnsəsvlz/  *RON-sə-svaylz*), also known as or **Roncesvalles Village** or **Roncy Village**, is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, centred on Roncesvalles Avenue, a north–south street leading from the intersection of King and Queen Streets to the south, north to Dundas Street West, a distance of roughly 1.7 kilometres. It is located east of High Park, north of Lake Ontario, in the Parkdale–High Park provincial and federal ridings and the municipal Ward 4. Its informal boundaries are High Park to the west, Bloor Street West to the north, Lake Ontario/Queen Street West to the south and Lansdowne Avenue/rail corridor to the east. Originally known as "Howard Park", most of this area was formerly within the boundaries of Parkdale and Brockton villages and was annexed into Toronto in the 1880s.

Culturally, the area is known as the centre of the Polish community in Toronto with prominent Polish institutions, businesses and St Casimir's Catholic Church located on Roncesvalles Avenue. The businesses along Roncesvalles have formed the Roncesvalles Village Business Improvement Area and hold the largest Polish Festival in North America, which takes place every September.

## Character

The neighbourhood is predominantly residential, with a commercial strip the full length of Roncesvalles, composed predominantly of small businesses, churches and institutions. To the west of Roncesvalles, the area is nearly completely residential except for St. Joseph's Health Centre and a Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) streetcar barn. East of Roncesvalles along the CN and CP rail lines is an older industrial area that is in transition. Several of the buildings along Sorauren Avenue have been converted into loft-style condominiums. At one time a large TTC bus garage was located along Sorauren Avenue; this property has been converted into Sorauren Park. Two other old industrial buildings along Wabash are owned by the City of Toronto, and are slated for a future community centre project. One of the buildings currently serves as a clubhouse for the Park.

The City of Toronto defines three official neighbourhoods as having boundaries with Roncesvalles Avenue. To the west, the official neighbourhood is High Park-Swansea. To the east, the official neighbourhood is named "Roncesvalles" – often referred to as "Roncy". To the southeast of Roncesvalles Avenue is "South Parkdale".

## History

Toronto's first highway to the west was Dundas Street starting at Queen Street along today's Ossington and west along its current path west to Dundas (near Hamilton). While Toronto's boundary was Dufferin Street, a very early village mostly built around hotels sprang up along Dundas just before it met Ossington and entered Toronto; this was Brockton. The Subdivision of land for Brockton included the portion of the neighbourhood east of what is now Roncesvalles Avenue. although little of this was built on. The rest of what is now the Roncesvalles neighbourhood began as farm lots given to Toronto's prominent Ridout family and the architect John George Howard. These men had careers in the city so little was done with their farmland most of which was never even cleared of the natural forest. Two houses were built by John Howard on these farms: Sunnyside (where St. Joseph's Hospital is now), and Colborne Lodge (Mr. Howard's own cottage built 1837) in what is now High Park. A path running through Sunnyside Farm was an Indigenous trail (now Indian Road) thought to have originally been an ancient Mississauga Indian path, leading from Lake Ontario north. In the 1850s, concurrent with the building of the railway, the central part of Brockton was separated from the Roncesvalles subdivided lands except for a small strip along Dundas between the railway and Bloor.

In 1850, Colonel O'Hara acquired the land north of Queen from Roncesvalles Avenue to just east of Lansdowne Avenue. In 1874, Colonel O'Hara died and his land was subdivided. Following the subdivision of two other farms south of Queen, a new village rapidly took shape and in 1879 was incorporated, despite protests by the City of Toronto, as the Village of Parkdale. The subdivision of O'Hara's land and the streets laid out after his death had names related to his family, largely superseded the Brockton subdivision south of the railway between Roncesvalles and Sorauren. Development in Parkdale crept up Sorauren Ave and there was even some building on Roncesvalles Avenue before a series of annexations brought Parkdale (1889), Brockton (1884) and the surrounding farmland (including Sunnyside farm) into the City of Toronto. In all there were 13 separate annexations by the City of Toronto between 1883 and 1893.

When Parkdale was annexed to Toronto, streets were laid out or extended to Keele Street (the section south of Bloor was later renamed Parkside Drive) and the street grid took the shape it has to this day. In the 1890s, the intersection of Roncesvalles and Queen became more important as a Lake Shore streetcar line was built, enabling commuting to the west. A streetcar yard was added at the intersection in 1895. The Sunnyside railway station at the intersection was opened in 1912.

At the turn of the 20th century, the first school was built in the neighbourhood, the Old Howard Park school on Boustead Avenue. Although a number of Victorian homes had already been built extending north from Parkdale, the neighbourhood was largely built from 1900 until the First World War with almost all houses built in the 'foursquare' style. Originally these homes were designed for the middle class while wealthier homes were found in Parkdale. Also at this time, the first four Carnegie Libraries were opened in Toronto. Apart from the Central Library all (three) libraries were identical, one of them being the High Park branch on Roncesvalles Avenue. The three original churches were also built at this time; St Vincent de Paul (Roman Catholic), St Jude's (Anglican) and Howard Park Emmanuel (United Church). In the later years of its development, Roncesvalles began to attract some wealthier families and many impressive homes were built from 1910 to 1930 on High Park Gardens and High Park Boulevard.

The lakefront was developed by the Toronto Harbour Commission in the 1910s, leading to the development of the Sunnyside Beach and Amusement Park in 1922. Its popularity spurred development of the area commercially. The foot of Roncesvalles became a commercial and transportation hub, with a train station, a bus depot and the streetcar loop. The Park was demolished for the Gardiner Expressway project in 1955 and the Sunnyside intersection bypassed, leading to a decline in commerce and residential values in the area. The wealthy moved away from the area to newer suburbs further west and many large local homes were divided into apartments. However, Roncesvalles has remained largely middle class, attracting an influx of successful immigrants especially from Poland reversing the relationship between Roncesvalles and Parkdale. St Casimir's Catholic Parish was established in 1944. The construction of the church and church hall began in 1948 and was completed in 1954 by which time the Polish community had become well established in the area. It was the construction of the church that attracted the Polish immigrants to the immediate area.

### Street names

These names are attributed to Walter O'Hara:

* Roncesvalles Avenue,- O'Hara named it after the Battle of Roncesvalles which took place in the Roncesvalles gorge in Spain in 1813 in which he led a regiment that fought against the retreating army of Napoleon.
* Alhambra Avenue, after the palace in Spain,
* Constance Street, after his daughter,
* Fermanagh Avenue, after the county of his birth in Ireland,
* Geoffrey Street, after a son,
* Marion Street, after his wife, and
* Sorauren Avenue, is named after the Battle of Sorauren at which Col. O'Hara was present.

Fern Avenue used to be named Ruth Avenue, after his daughter and Grenadier Road used to be named Walter Avenue, after another son. The streets O'Hara Avenue and West Lodge Avenue both to the east were laid out and named after O'Hara's death.

Other street names have historical connections:

* Sunnyside Ave, Parkside Dr, Colborne Lodge Drive (in High Park), Howard Park Avenue, High Park Gardens, High Park Boulevard, High Park Ave (in the High Park neighbourhood) – all relate to John Howard.
* Grenadier Road – (Grenadiers from Fort York were the first regular users of High Park).
* Indian Road, Indian Grove, Indian Road Crescent, Indian Valley Crescent, Indian Trail and Algonquin Ave – all named after the old native path.
* Ridout Street – the Ridout family, which owned property in the north-west vicinity of High Park.

## Culture

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | 15,996 |  |
| 2011 | 16,366 | +2.3% |
| 2016 | 16,696 | +2.0% |

The area has a highly developed history of political and community participation. There are several established community associations active. The High Park Residents' Association represents the area south of Bloor Street between Parkside Drive and Roncesvalles Avenue south to High Park Boulevard. The Sunnyside Community Association represents the area directly south of High Park Boulevard between Parkside and Roncesvalles, south to Lake Ontario. The Roncesvalles-MacDonnell Residents' Association represents the area east of Roncesvalles from Bloor south to Queen Street, east of Roncesvalles, south of the railway lines, west of Lansdowne Avenue.

In 2012, Roncesvalles was named as one of eight finalists in the "Canadian Institute of Planners’ (CIP) Great Places in Canada" contest, and the only neighbourhood from Toronto. From a poll of 200,000 votes nationwide, 90 neighbourhoods were nominated. A panel of planners reduced the list to 21 and Roncesvalles survived a second cut to make it to the top eight. According to CIP President Andrea Gabor: "in Roncesvalles, people can bike in or get on a streetcar, so they still feel like part of the city and connected to the downtown ... I think it embodies a lot of what people want when they’re living in the city."

### Arts

The popular repertory movie theatre Revue Cinema, at the intersection of Roncesvalles and Howard Park Avenue first opened its doors in 1911. It closed for a year as part of the dissolution of the Festival Cinemas chain. It reopened as a non-profit operation of the Revue Film Society. The Society laboured for a year to find a way to reopen the Revue, and partnered with a local couple who purchased the theatre and now leases it to the Society.

Another theatre, the Brighton, closed in the mid-1980s. It is in use as a convenience store, although it has not been renovated, other than its marquee signage removed.

The area has several bars and restaurants with live music. *The Local* pub offers live music daily. *Inter Steer* offers live music twice a week. *Loons Restaurant & Pub* offers live music on Friday nights. *Latinada*, on Bloor Street west of Dundas, is a Tapas bar with live music. Zagłoba restaurant also offers live music.

Annually in June, the "Roncy Rocks" one-day music and art show is held outdoors along Roncesvalles. Several side streets off Roncesvalles are closed and musical stages and art displays installed. Musicians and artists are mostly local to the community.

In 2018, the Museum of Contemporary Art Toronto Canada moved to a location in the former Tower Building nearby on Sterling Road. There are several independent art galleries on Dundas Street West between Sorauren Avenue and Roncesvalles.

### Polish community

The street has long been known as the cultural and commercial centre of Toronto's Polish Canadian community. A number of Polish-speaking restaurants, delicatessens and shops specializing in Polish goods are located on Roncesvalles Avenue. The sign "Mówimy po polsku" ("We speak Polish") is displayed in some storefronts.

While still recognized as a centre of the Polish community, the ethnic makeup of the area around Roncesvalles Avenue varies widely, as is the case throughout Toronto. According to the 2006 census figures, in Ward 14, which includes Roncesvalles, there were 2,775 residents who identified Polish as their mother tongue, or 5.5% of the population. This is the second-largest group after English. According to the 2011 census, the overall number of residents of Toronto who identify Polish as their mother tongue is 27,880.

The Roncesvalles Village Business Improvement Area holds an annual Roncesvalles Village Polish Festival each fall, closing Roncesvalles Avenue to vehicular traffic. The festival features amusement rides, clothing, craft and food stands and outdoor musical entertainment, including polka music. In 2011, an estimated 300,000 people attended the festival. The official patron of the festival is the Polish Consulate. It is considered the largest Polish festival in North America.

The public library branch holds a collection of Polish-language books and magazines. Polish-language lessons are part of the curriculum at St. Vincent de Paul separate school.

At the southern end of Roncesvalles Avenue, at the Sunnyside intersection of King, Queen, Queensway and Roncesvalles streets, two monuments are erected in memory of two events in Polish history. A large monument in memory of the massacre of Polish prisoners of war during World War II, and especially the mass graves of officers found in Katyn forest. Fresh wreaths are placed there regularly. Next to it is a memorial to thousands of Polish citizens deported to Siberian labour camps during the Second World War.

In Poland, the Catholic faith is predominant, and this is the case for persons of Polish descent ('Polonia') in Canada. There are two large Catholic churches on Roncesvalles. St. Casimir's Roman Catholic Church offers Polish-language masses every Sunday. St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church, at Westminster Avenue, holds masses in English and Latin.

An enormous memorial was held on Roncesvalles Avenue when Pope John Paul II died, with standing room only on the street and sidewalks of Roncesvalles from Marion Avenue to Wright Avenue. The memorial was loosely centred on a statue of the Pope located at the St. Stanislaus-St. Casimir's Credit Union, a credit union for people of Polish descent. A tribute of candles and flowers around the statue continues today. When Pope John Paul II visited Toronto in 1984, he had visited Roncesvalles and dined at the Sir Nicholas Restaurant at 89 Roncesvalles.

## Institutions

### Churches

The Annunciation Of The Virgin Mary Greek Orthodox Cathedral is located at Sorauren Avenue and Galley Avenue. Until 1961, it was the North Parkdale United Church, when it was purchased for $160,000. It was elevated to Cathedral status in 1967. Its interior was damaged by fire in 2000 but was refurbished.

Roncesvalles United Church, located at Wright Avenue, operates a mission and a daycare. The church was renamed Emmanuel – Howard Park in 1972, following the merger of its congregation with that of Howard Park United Church. Cheri DiNovo was the pastor of the church until she was elected as the current Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Parkdale–High Park in 2006. The former Howard Park Church is located at Sunnyside and Marmaduke and was converted into housing. As of 2016, Emmanuel – Howard Park was renamed Roncesvalles United Church. Services are also held by Roman Catholic Womenpriests at the church.

St. Casimir's Polish Roman Catholic Church at Garden Avenue, offers Polish masses on Sundays. Its origins begin in 1944 when the Oblate Mission decided to create the third Polish parish (and first in the west end) in Toronto. The lot on which the church stands today was purchased for $15,000 in 1948 and construction on the parish hall began the same year. The first mass was held in the church hall in 1949. The church was completed and officially began offering mass on May 23, 1954. The founder and driving force behind the creation of the parish and church was Father Michael Smith who later went on to found Copernicus Lodge. The parish and church were important in the beginning of the Polish community in Toronto's west end.

St. Vincent de Paul Roman Catholic Church, at Westminster Avenue, offers Latin masses on Sundays. It is the 'mother' parish of St. Casimir's and was built in the 1910s.

Westminster Chapel at High Park is a merger of Westminster Chapel and High Park Baptist Church. Westminster Chapel at High Park is located on Hewitt Avenue. High Park Baptist Church was founded as the Hewitt Avenue Mission in 1908 and was originally an outpost of Walmer Road Baptist Church. At the time, Roncesvalles was largely unpopulated, with the Eaton family home on Indian Road being one of the only residences in the area. The original building has been expanded several times, culminating in the construction of a unique circular sanctuary in 1927. High Park Baptist holds Sunday services, small group Bible studies in the church and local homes, and hosts "Room To Roam" a drop-in for parents and children in the neighbourhood, a popular food and clothing bank, summer day camps for local children, and more.

### Health

The large St. Joseph's Health Centre at Sunnyside and The Queensway in the south of the district has been on the site since the 1840s, being first the site of the Sisters of St. Joseph Order, then an orphanage and later the hospital. The Order still operates the hospital. It occupies the site of Sunnyside Lodge, a home of John Howard.

At the south end of Roncesvalles is Copernicus Lodge, a large chronic care and nursing home facility that primarily serves the Polish community although not exclusively. The Lodge is a monument to the community that in large part was responsible for its creation. It opened its first wing on Roncesvalles and later opened a new wing on Marion Street.

There are several doctor's offices on Roncesvalles, and several are located in the Sunnyside Medical Arts Building at 27 Roncesvalles, including the St. Joseph's Urban Family Health Team. The street has several drugstores.

### Education

The Toronto District School Board (TDSB) is an English secular public school board that serves the City of Toronto. The school board operates a number of institutions that provides primary and secondary. TDSB does not operate any secondary schools in the neighbourhood, although three TDSB secondary school located near the neighbourhood serve the students of Roncesvalles. They include Humberside Collegiate Institute, Parkdale Collegiate Institute, and Western Technical-Commercial School. Primary schools operated by TDSB in Roncesvalles include:

* **Fern Avenue Public School** is a public elementary school and middle school on Fern Avenue, east of Roncesvalles.
* **Garden Avenue Junior Public School** is a public elementary school on Garden Avenue west of Roncesvalles. It was founded in 1957 and was known as Argentina Junior P.S. between 1961 and 1982, but this was changed back to the original name during the Falklands conflict.
* **Howard Junior Public School** is a public elementary school on Marmaduke Street at Sunnyside Avenue.

The Toronto District Catholic School Board (TDCSB) is a public English separate school board that serves the City of Toronto. The school board operates institutions that provides primary and secondary education. Schools operated by TDCSB in Roncesvalles include:

* **St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Elementary School** is a Catholic elementary school on Fermanagh Avenue east of Roncesvalles. It was founded in 1914 operating out of a storefront on Roncesvalles Avenue, across the street from the church. With the end of the war in 1918, a separate building was constructed for the school behind the church on Westminster Ave., which was run by Sisters of Loreto. The school was extended to Fermanagh Avenue shortly after. Problems with low enrolment threatened the existence of the school which was considered for closure during a reorganization of the Metropolitan Separate School Board (which became the TCDSB) and general changes of demographics.
* Bishop Marrocco/Thomas Merton Catholic Secondary School. The school is leased by the TCDSB.

Two public French-language secondary schools, École secondaire catholique Saint-Frère-André and École secondaire Toronto Ouest operate nearby on Lansdowne Avenue in the former West Toronto Collegiate building. They are operated by Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir, and Conseil scolaire Viamonde respectively.

The High Park branch of the Toronto Public Library, a Carnegie library, is located at Wright Avenue. It was opened in 1916, and renovated in 1979 and again in 1991.

## Economy

There are myriad small businesses, most of which are independently owned and operated. These include specialty gift shops, pharmacies, grocers (including organic specialty), health food stores, clothing and shoe boutiques, cafes and restaurants, book and music stores, video stores, art shops, hardware stores and law offices. The former S.S. Kresge store, now a Royal Bank, was built in 1936 and retains its original Kresge signage. The majority of shops are accommodated in two or three-storey structures built in the first half of the 20th century, with the retail portion on the ground floor and apartments above.

Roncesvalles is very well known for the large number of small restaurants, cafés and specialty food shops of various cuisines. There are several bakeries and delicatessens found along the full length of Roncesvalles.

The Roncesvalles Village Business Improvement Area district includes businesses along the full length of Roncesvalles from Dundas Street to Queen Street. The BIA was founded in 1985.

## Recreation

The Roncesvalles area has several parks and sporting facilities. The schools of the neighbourhood also provide facilities, including swimming pools for school-age children. The largest park in the area is 400 acres (160 ha) High Park west of Parkside Drive, with playgrounds, Grenadier Pond, a zoo, baseball diamonds, outdoor swimming pool and forest. Sorauren Avenue Park, was created at the intersection of Sorauren Avenue and Wabash Avenue on the site of a former bus garage. It now holds two tennis courts, two soccer fields and a fieldhouse. A playground is across Wabash from the park. At the site, a former linseed oil factory is now in the ownership of the City and is earmarked for a future recreation centre. To the south of the area, the Sunnyside lakefront provides playgrounds, picnic areas, the Sunnyside Bathing Pavilion, a boardwalk, a recreation trail and beaches.

High Park provides baseball diamonds and organized youth baseball programs. High Park also has two soccer fields, tennis courts and an artificial ice rink in the winter. The École secondaire catholique Saint-Frère-André and École secondaire Toronto Ouest on Lansdowne Avenue to the east provide an all-weather track and a soccer field. The closest hockey arena is at McCormick, east of Lansdowne.

There are several club-run facilities. High Park Curling Club on Indian Road is Toronto's oldest curling club. The current rink was opened in 1911. There are two tennis clubs in High Park. Along the lakefront, there are rowing clubs including the Argonaut Club. The Boulevard Club operates tennis and boating facilities.

## Transportation

The intersection of Roncesvalles, Queen and King streets has long been a transportation hub of the city of Toronto. Passenger trains first served the area in 1855. In the 1890s the location became the hub of commuter streetcars going as far west as Port Credit. In 1895, Toronto Railway Company (forerunner of the TTC) built the Roncesvalles streetcar yards, which continue to dominate the northwest corner. The intersection itself is famous for its huge number of streetcar tracks, possibly the most numerous in the city. The area has also been home to two other TTC yards, one streetcar yard in the triangle formed by Howard Park Avenue, Dundas Street West and Ritchie Avenue, and the bus garage on Sorauren Ave on the current site of Sorauren Park. The Roncesvalles Carhouse, a streetcar maintenance and storage facility, is located within Roncesvalles.

Today, the area is well served by the Dundas West and Keele subway stations to the north at Bloor Street. The 501, 504A, 505, and 506 streetcars provide frequent service and the 80 Queensway bus provides service along Parkside Avenue from Keele station.

Roncesvalles Avenue was completely reconstructed in 2009–2011, partially owing to the need to replace the sewer pipes, water mains and the streetcar tracks. The roadway re-construction incorporated roadway narrowing and sidewalk improvements. Transit platforms were built to extend to the streetcar doors at transit stops. The transit platforms incorporated ramps to provide a bicycle lane. Sewers were rebuilt during 2009 and early 2010. The trees on the street, which were in planters, were replaced, and the new trees planted at ground level. The soil beneath the tree plantings was landscaped into trenches beneath the sidewalks.

GO Transit operates trains along the Lakeshore rail line, although no longer stopping at Sunnyside. The nearest stop is at Exhibition Place. There are GO trains operating along the CN/CP lines to the east, stopping at Bloor Street and Dundas Street West.

There once was an inter-city bus depot at the northwest corner of Roncesvalles and Queen, now converted to a fast-food restaurant. This took over from the commuter streetcars, although streetcars do travel as far west as Long Branch from Roncesvalles.

The former Toronto - Sunnyside passenger train station, providing intercity train connections, on the Great Western line opened in 1910 at the foot of Roncesvalles. It replaced the railway station located at Jameson and Springhurst, that opened in 1879. Sunnyside station shut in 1971 and was demolished in 1973.

## Notable events

* 1850 – Col. O'Hara acquires 420 acres (170 ha) to the east side of Roncesvalles, north of Queen Street, as part of compensation for helping to put down 1837 Rebellion.
* 1855 – Great Western Railway rail line along Lake Ontario to Hamilton is built. Station at foot of Jameson and Springhurst built in 1879.
* 1856 – Grand Trunk Railway, running north-south to the east of Roncesvalles is built. Stations at Dufferin and Queen and at Dundas and Dupont.
* 1873 – Most of High Park given to city by John Howard.
* 1876 – Sunnyside Residence, orphanage on grounds of then Sunnyside Lodge, and now the site of current St. Joseph's opens, operated by Sisters of St. Joseph.
* 1884 – Annexation of Brockton Village into Toronto.
* 1884 – Annexation of Sunnyside farm into Toronto.
* 1889 – Annexation of Parkdale by Toronto.
* 1895 – Roncesvalles streetcar yard built.
* 1905 – Parkdale Canoe Club founded. Now known as Boulevard Club. First club building built in 1915 at foot of Roncesvalles.
* 1908 – Hewitt Avenue Mission, now High Park Baptist Church, built at Hewitt and Roncesvalles.

* 1910 – Sunnyside railway station opens to replace South Parkdale railway station, closed after grade separation project completion.
* 1910 – High Park Presbyterian Church at Wright and Roncesvalles built. (Now known as Emmanuel Howard Park.)
* 1912 – Revue Cinema opens.
* 1914 – St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church and School open on Roncesvalles.
* 1915 – High Park Library opens.
* 1921 – St. Joseph's Hospital established.
* 1922 – Sunnyside Amusement Park opens.
* 1922 – Palais Royale opens at foot of Roncesvalles.
* 1930 – City acquires the last part of High Park property, bringing total to 400 acres (162 ha).
* 1952 – St. Casimir's Church built. This coincides with the influx of Polish immigrants and the movement of Polish Torontonians from the Queen Street West area around St. Stanislaus Catholic Church.
* 1955 – Demolition of Sunnyside Amusement Park. The Lakeshore Road is closed from the foot of Roncesvalles, the street 'The Queensway' is built and streetcars are rerouted from the Lakeshore Road to The Queensway in a dedicated right-of-way.
* 1958 – Gardiner Expressway opens.
* 1963 – The Sphynx cat is alleged to have originated from a litter born in a Roncesvalles Avenue alley.
* 1971 – Sunnyside railway station closes. Demolished in 1973.
* 1979 – Copernicus Lodge retirement home opens.

* 1980 – Erection of Katyn monument.
* 1984 – Pope John Paul II visit, with open-air mass at Exhibition Place.
* 2005 – Outdoor memorial mass for Pope John Paul II on Roncesvalles Avenue.
* 2005 – First annual Roncesvalles Village Polish festival.
* 2008 – First season of the Sorauren Farmers' Market in Sorauren Park on Monday afternoons.
* 2010, April 11 – Mass at St. Casimir's and march to Katyn monument to honour victims of the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash, which killed the Polish president and government officials.

## Notable people

* Harold Ballard – The Ballard family (father Sidney owned a textile machinery business) lived at 44 Parkway Avenue in the early 1900s. Harold attended Howard Public School, graduating in 1916.
* The Boyd Gang – Edwin Alonzo Boyd's gang achieved national notoriety in the 1950s with a crime spree that began at the Roncesvalles branch of the Toronto Bank (across from the Dundas-Roncesvalles triangle), while maintaining a hideout at a girlfriend's apartment on Wright Avenue.
* Samantha Bee – grew up in Roncesvalles, host of *Full Frontal with Samantha Bee* and comedian.
* Piya Chattopadhyay – journalist
* Katerina Cizek – documentary filmmaker and web creator.
* Daniel Lanois – Record producer and musician. Opened studio at 1 Howard Park Avenue in 2010.
* Archie P. McKishnie and Jean Blewett – brother and sister writers, lived at 353 Sunnyside Avenue. McKishnie wrote historical novels about pioneer life; Blewett wrote poetry and was an editor for *The Globe and Mail*.
* Taylor MitchellCountry folk singer who grew up in the Roncesvalles area. She died from blood loss and severe injuries due to a coyote attack while hiking at Cape Breton Highlands National Park in 2009.
* William Herbert Price – solicitor, MLA, Ontario attorney general, Ontario treasurer, lived at 7 Indian Grove.
* Percy Quinn – Humanitarian, alderman, businessman, professional hockey team owner. Lived at 92 Roncesvalles until his death in 1944.
* Morton Shulman – Former Coroner of Toronto, outspoken local NDP MPP for the provincial electoral district of High Park (now part of the larger Parkdale—High Park electoral district) and TV talk show host operated a family medical practice on Roncesvalles until he retired.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Roncesvalles<br>*Roncesvalles Village* | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Roncesvalles Avenue, looking north from Grenadier Road | |
|  | |
| Location within Toronto | |
| Coordinates: 43°38′46″N 79°26′57″W / 43.646231°N 79.449048°W / 43.646231; -79.449048 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| City | Toronto |
| Established | 1890 Subdivided |
| Government | |
| City Councillor | Gord Perks |
| Federal M.P. | Arif Virani |
| Provincial M.P.P. | Bhutila Karpoche |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.993 km<sup>2</sup> (0.770 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 16,696 |
| Density | 8,377/km<sup>2</sup> (21,700/sq mi) |


title: Hardiman Cureton

abstract: Hardiman Cureton was an American player of Canadian football. He played high school football for the Monrovia Wildcats. He played the tackle position. Cureton was a dominant offensive guard and also played on the defensive line for three seasons (1953-54-55) on UCLA football teams that went 26-4 and captured three Pacific Coast Conference championships and participated in two Rose Bowls. During the 1954 national championship season, Cureton was named second-team All-Coast and honorable mention All-American. As a senior in 1955, Cureton became the Bruins' fifth-ever consensus first-team All-American as well as being named all-conference and team captain—the first African-American captain to lead a UCLA football team. In 1955, Cureton was selected to play in the Hula Bowl. He left the United States to avoid being drafted and later played for nine years in the Canadian Football League for Toronto, Ottawa and Hamilton. Cureton was traded to Hamilton by Ottawa on August 15, 1960 for Angelo Mosca. Cureton had become a successful ice cream salesman in Toronto and had threatened legal action against the Rough Riders if they did not give him his release. With the trade, he was able to keep both his football job and his ice cream job. Hardiman Cureton, OG 1956 Toronto Argonauts (CFL) Hardiman Cureton, OG 1957–1959 Ottawa Rough Riders (CFL) Hardiman Cureton, LB 1960–1964 Hamilton Tiger-Cats (CFL) A plaque on the statue of Andres Duarte across from the City Hall of Duarte partially reads: Hardiman, Frances, Lucius, and the Curetons.

text:
# Hardiman Cureton

**Hardiman Cureton** (December 8, 1933 – October 1, 2003) was an American player of Canadian football.

He played high school football for the Monrovia Wildcats. He played the tackle position.

Cureton was a dominant offensive guard and also played on the defensive line for three seasons (1953-54-55) on UCLA football teams that went 26-4 and captured three Pacific Coast Conference championships and participated in two Rose Bowls. During the 1954 national championship season, Cureton was named second-team All-Coast and honorable mention All-American. As a senior in 1955, Cureton became the Bruins' fifth-ever consensus first-team All-American as well as being named all-conference and team captain—the first African-American captain to lead a UCLA football team. In 1955, Cureton was selected to play in the Hula Bowl. He left the United States to avoid being drafted and later played for nine years in the Canadian Football League for Toronto, Ottawa and Hamilton.

Cureton was traded to Hamilton by Ottawa on August 15, 1960 for Angelo Mosca. Cureton had become a successful ice cream salesman in Toronto and had threatened legal action against the Rough Riders if they did not give him his release. With the trade, he was able to keep both his football job (in Hamilton) and his ice cream job.

Hardiman Cureton, OG 1956 Toronto Argonauts (CFL)

Hardiman Cureton, OG 1957–1959 Ottawa Rough Riders (CFL)

Hardiman Cureton, LB 1960–1964 Hamilton Tiger-Cats (CFL)

A plaque on the statue of Andres Duarte across from the City Hall of Duarte partially reads: *Hardiman, Frances, Lucius, and the Curetons*.

## InfoBox

Hardiman Cureton
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1933-12-08)December 8, 1933 |
| Place of birth | Duarte, California, U.S. |
| Date of death | October 1, 2003(2003-10-01) (aged 69) |
| Place of death | Richmond, Virginia, U.S. |
| Career information | |
| CFL status | International |
| Position(s) | /LB |
| US college | UCLA |
| NFL draft | 1956 / round: 26 / pick: 312 |
| Drafted by | Los Angeles Rams |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1956 | Toronto Argonauts |
| 19571959 | Ottawa Rough Riders |
| 19601964 | Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| CFL East All-Star | 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963 |


title: Off-flavour

abstract: Off-flavours or off-flavors are taints in food products caused by the presence of undesirable compounds. They can originate in raw materials, from chemical changes during food processing and storage, and from micro-organisms. Off-flavours are a recurring issue in drinking water supply and many food products. Water bodies are often affected by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, affecting the flavour of water for drinking and of fish growing in that water. Haloanisoles similarly affect water bodies, and are a recognised cause of off-flavour in wine. Cows grazing on weeds such as wild garlic can produce a ‘weedy’ off-flavour in milk. Many more examples can be seen throughout food production sectors including in oats, coffee, glucose syrup and brewing.

text:
# Off-flavour

**Off-flavours** or **off-flavors** (see spelling differences) are taints in food products caused by the presence of undesirable compounds. They can originate in raw materials, from chemical changes during food processing and storage, and from micro-organisms. Off-flavours are a recurring issue in drinking water supply and many food products.

Water bodies are often affected by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, affecting the flavour of water for drinking and of fish growing in that water. Haloanisoles similarly affect water bodies, and are a recognised cause of off-flavour in wine. Cows grazing on weeds such as wild garlic can produce a ‘weedy’ off-flavour in milk.

Many more examples can be seen throughout food production sectors including in oats, coffee, glucose syrup and brewing.


title: Mimorista trisemalis

abstract: Mimorista trisemalis is a moth in the family Crambidae, found in Bolivia. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1910.

text:
# Mimorista trisemalis

***Mimorista trisemalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae, found in Bolivia. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1910.

## InfoBox

| *Mimorista trisemalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Mimorista* |
| Species: | ***M. trisemalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mimorista trisemalis***<br>(Dognin, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sameodes trisemalis* Dognin, 1910 | |