title: Guilhem de Berguedan

abstract: Guillem de Berguedà (c.1130–1195/6; fl.1138–1192), or Guilhem de Berguedan in Occitan, was a Catalan troubadour and viscount of Berguedà. He was the most prolific Catalan poet of the twelfth century, though he composed in Occitan, and thirty-one of his poems survive. Most are sirventes, "typically violent and obscene, reflecting his character and turbulent life," but there are a few cansos. Most of what is known about him derives from his vida and his songs. The viscounty of Berguedà was a fief of the County of Cerdagne and the first mention of its dates to the tenth century. In 1131 Guillem's father (also Guillem) appears for the first time in a document as rendering homage to Huguet de Mataplana, from he held a fief. It is not until 1138 that the troubadour Guillem first appears in documents, as a child at the side of his father. Later writings indicate that he had three younger brothers, Raymond, Berengar, and Bernard. Some sirventes mention an imprisonment sometime before 1175, but in that year Guillem's adult career as a troubadour commenced. In several sirventes Guillem had insulted and humiliated Ramon Folc, the viscount of Cardona, thus earning Ramon's enmity. The influential viscount of Cardona then sought to turn Alfonso II and his court against the troubadour, but on 3 March 1175 Guillem dishonorably attacked and killed Ramon. His title and fiefs were confiscated and he was consequently exiled from Catalonia and is not heard of again for seven years. During his exile he befriended one Arnau de Castellbò and gathered around himself a small group of loyal supporters. It was probably during this period of exile that he made his pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. Guillem's career in Catalonia picks up again in the 1180s. By his father's will of 1183 Guillem stood to inherit the castles of Madrona (known as Castell Berguedà), Casserres, Puig-reig, Espinalbet, and Montmajor the fief held from Huguet de Mataplana. Through some poems of Bertran de Born, a friend and fellow troubadour, we know that Guillem was an enemy of Alfonso II. The troubadour and the king appear to have made peace by 14 April 1185, when Guillem figured among some followers of the king at a meeting with Richard Coeur de Lion at the Château de Najac, to fortify their alliance against Raymond VI of Toulouse. In 1187 Guillem made his first will and testament, which survives in its original. He left Fenollet and the castle of Puig-reig to the Templars and a few minor possessions to the Hospitallers. Other than that all was left to his brother Berengar, who had to donate a quarter to Bernard. Guillem had apparently amassed debts to the Temple and the Hospital: they were allowed to hold their inheritances until the debt was paid. The will permits us to describe Guillem's power in feudal terms: he held five castles with their knights and vassals and corresponding territories, diverse places and manors in upper and lower Berguedà, a fief in Cerdagne, and rights over Caldes and Sentmenat del Vallès. He did not, at the time of the first testament, have a wife or any recognised children. Shortly after the will relations with the king turned sour, signalled by a mocking sirventes against Alfonso. In 1190 Guillem offended the king and the archbishop of Tarragona, Berenguer de Vilademuls, and addressed a sirventes to his friend Arnau de Castellbò at the court of Alfonso VIII of Castile, then allied with Sancho VI of Navarre against the king of Aragon. Guillem's final years were occupied by wars, where he fought on the side of Arnau and Ponç de Cabrera against the king, Bishop Arnau de Preixens of Urgell, and Count Ermengol VIII of Urgell. In 1195 Bertran de Born composed a song repenting of his career of disputes and wars and encouraging Guillem to do the same. There was no time for the poem to have an effect: in 1195 or 1196 Guillem was assassinated by a soldier probably in the employ of one of his numerous enemies.

text:
# Guilhem de Berguedan

**Guillem de Berguedà** (*c*.11301195/6; *fl*.11381192), or **Guilhem de Berguedan** in Occitan, was a Catalan troubadour and viscount of Berguedà. He was the most prolific Catalan poet of the twelfth century, though he composed in Occitan, and thirty-one of his poems survive. Most are *sirventes*, "typically violent and obscene, reflecting his character and turbulent life," but there are a few *cansos*. Most of what is known about him derives from his *vida* and his songs.

The viscounty of Berguedà was a fief of the County of Cerdagne and the first mention of its dates to the tenth century. In 1131 Guillem's father (also Guillem) appears for the first time in a document as rendering homage to Huguet de Mataplana, from he held a fief. It is not until 1138 that the troubadour Guillem first appears in documents, as a child at the side of his father. Later writings indicate that he had three younger brothers, Raymond, Berengar, and Bernard.

Some *sirventes* mention an imprisonment sometime before 1175, but in that year Guillem's adult career as a troubadour commenced. In several *sirventes* Guillem had insulted and humiliated Ramon Folc, the viscount of Cardona, thus earning Ramon's enmity. The influential viscount of Cardona then sought to turn Alfonso II and his court against the troubadour, but on 3 March 1175 Guillem dishonorably attacked and killed Ramon. His title and fiefs were confiscated and he was consequently exiled from Catalonia and is not heard of again for seven years. During his exile he befriended one Arnau de Castellbò and gathered around himself a small group of loyal supporters. It was probably during this period of exile that he made his pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.

Guillem's career in Catalonia picks up again in the 1180s. By his father's will of 1183 Guillem stood to inherit the castles of Madrona (known as Castell Berguedà), Casserres, Puig-reig, Espinalbet, and Montmajor the fief held from Huguet de Mataplana. Through some poems of Bertran de Born, a friend and fellow troubadour, we know that Guillem was an enemy of Alfonso II. The troubadour and the king appear to have made peace by 14 April 1185, when Guillem figured among some followers of the king at a meeting with Richard Coeur de Lion at the Château de Najac, to fortify their alliance against Raymond VI of Toulouse.

In 1187 Guillem made his first will and testament, which survives in its original. He left Fenollet and the castle of Puig-reig to the Templars and a few minor possessions to the Hospitallers. Other than that all was left to his brother Berengar, who had to donate a quarter to Bernard. Guillem had apparently amassed debts to the Temple and the Hospital: they were allowed to hold their inheritances until the debt was paid. The will permits us to describe Guillem's power in feudal terms: he held five castles with their knights and vassals and corresponding territories, diverse places and manors in upper and lower Berguedà, a fief in Cerdagne, and rights over Caldes and Sentmenat del Vallès. He did not, at the time of the first testament, have a wife or any recognised children.

Shortly after the will relations with the king turned sour, signalled by a mocking *sirventes* against Alfonso. In 1190 Guillem offended the king and the archbishop of Tarragona, Berenguer de Vilademuls, and addressed a *sirventes* to his friend Arnau de Castellbò at the court of Alfonso VIII of Castile, then allied with Sancho VI of Navarre against the king of Aragon. Guillem's final years were occupied by wars, where he fought on the side of Arnau and Ponç de Cabrera against the king, Bishop Arnau de Preixens of Urgell, and Count Ermengol VIII of Urgell.

In 1195 Bertran de Born composed a song repenting of his career of disputes and wars and encouraging Guillem to do the same. There was no time for the poem to have an effect: in 1195 or 1196 Guillem was assassinated by a soldier probably in the employ of one of his numerous enemies.

## Sources

* Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. *The Vidas of the Troubadours*. New York: Garland, 1984. ISBN 0-8240-9437-9.
* Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp. 279–291). *The Troubadours: An Introduction*. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.


title: Hitch (knot)

abstract: A hitch is a type of knot used to secure a rope to an object or another rope. Hitches are used in a variety of situations, including climbing, sailing, and securing loads. They are classified based on their ability to be tightened or released, their resistance to slipping, and their strength. Some common types of hitch knots include the clove hitch, the timber hitch, and the round turn and two half-hitches.

text:
# Hitch (knot)

The clove hitch

A **hitch** is a type of knot used to secure a rope to an object or another rope. Hitches are used in a variety of situations, including climbing, sailing, and securing loads. They are classified based on their ability to be tightened or released, their resistance to slipping, and their strength. Some common types of hitch knots include the clove hitch, the timber hitch, and the round turn and two half-hitches.

## Physical theory

A simple mathematical theory of hitches has been proposed by Bayman. It predicts whether or not a hitch will hold, given the diameter of the post, the diameter of the rope, and the coefficient of friction between the post and the rope. The theory has been extended by Maddocks and Keller, including an approximate treatment of knots that are not hitches. For example, they predict that a square knot will hold when the coefficient of friction of the rope with itself is greater than 0.24. These predictions are approximately correct when tested empirically.

## Alphabetical list

| Knot | Description | Image |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adjustable grip hitch | A simple and useful friction hitch which may easily be shifted up and down the rope while slack. |  |
| Alternate ring hitching | A type of ringbolt hitching formed with a series of alternate left and right hitches made around a ring |  |
| Anchor bend | A knot used for attaching a rope to a ring |  |
| Bale sling hitch | A knot which traditionally uses a continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object in order to hoist or lower it. |  |
| Barrel hitch | The "barrel hitch" and "barrel sling," named for their use in hoisting cargo aboard ships, are a simple yet effective way to suspend an object. |  |
| Becket hitch | Any hitch that is made on an eye loop, i.e., on a becket. |  |
| Blackwall hitch | A temporary means of attaching a rope to a hook. |  |
| Blake's hitch | A friction hitch commonly used by arborists and tree climbers as an ascending knot. |  |
| Boom hitch | A rather robust and secure method of attaching a line, or rope to a fixed object like a pipe, post, or sail boom |  |
| Bottom-loaded release hitch |  |  |
| Buntline hitch | A knot used for attaching a rope to an object. It is formed by passing the working end around an object, then making a clove hitch around the rope's standing part, taking care that the turns of the clove hitch progress towards the object rather than away from it. |  |
| Cat's paw | A knot used for connecting a rope to an object. |  |
| Chain hitch | A knot used to connect a rope to a cylindrical object. Similar to the marline hitch, but formed with successive Clove hitch knots. |  |
| Clinging clara |  |  |
| Clove hitch | A clove hitch is two successive half-hitches around an object. |  |
| Continuous ring hitching | A series of identical hitches made around a ring |  |
| Cow hitch variant |  |  |
| Cow hitch with toggle |  |  |
| Cow hitch | A hitch knot used to attach a rope to an object. |  |
| Double overhand noose | A hitch knot used to bind a rope to a carabiner. |  |
| Farrimond friction hitch | A quick release adjustable friction hitch for use on lines under tension. |  |
| Garda hitch | A ratcheting knot used to disallow dual direction rope travel. |  |
| Gripping sailor's hitch | A secure, jam-proof hitch used to tie one rope to another, or a rope to a pole, boom, spar, etc., when the pull is lengthwise along the object. |  |
| Ground-line hitch | A type of knot used to attach a rope to an object. |  |
| Half hitch | A simple overhand knot, where the working end of a line is brought over and under the standing part. |  |
| Halter hitch | A type of knot used to connect a rope to an object. |  |
| Highpoint hitch | A type of knot used to attach a rope to an object. |  |
| Highwayman's hitch | A quick-release draw loop knot used for temporarily securing a rope that will need to be released easily and cleanly. |  |
| Hitching tie | A simple knot used to tie off stuff sacks that allows quick access as it unties quickly. |  |
| Icicle hitch | A knot for connecting to a post when weight is applied to an end running parallel to the post in a specific direction. |  |
| Improved clinch knot | Also known as the Salmon Knot, a knot that is often used for securing a fishing line to a hook or lure. |  |
| Killick hitch | A type of hitch knot used to attach a rope to oddly shaped objects. |  |
| Knute hitch | A knot used to attach a lanyard of small stuff to a marlingspike or other tool. |  |
| Magnus hitch | A knot used to attach a rope to a rod, pole, or other rope. (See also Rolling hitch) |  |
| Marline Hitching | A knot used to attach a rope to a cylindrical object. Similar in appearance to the Chain Hitch, but a succession of overhand knots. |  |
| Marlinespike hitch | A temporary knot used to attach a rod to a rope in order to form a handle. |  |
| Midshipman's hitch | An adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension. |  |
| Munter hitch | A simple knot, commonly used by climbers and cavers as part of a life-lining or belay system |  |
| Ossel hitch | A knot used to attach a rope or line to an object. |  |
| Palomar knot | A knot that is used for securing a fishing line to a fishing lure, snap or swivel. |  |
| Pile hitch | A kind of hitch, which is a knot used for attaching rope to a pole or other structure. |  |
| Pipe hitch | A hitch-type knot used to secure smooth cylindrical objects. |  |
| Prusik knot | A friction hitch or knot used to put a loop of cord around a rope, applied in climbing, canyoneering, mountaineering, caving, rope rescue, and by arborists. |  |
| Reverse half hitches |  |  |
| Round turn and two half-hitches |  |  |
| Sailor's hitch | A secure, jam-proof hitch. |  |
| Siberian hitch | A knot used to attach a rope to an object. |  |
| Slippery hitch | A knot used to attach a line to a rod or bar. |  |
| Snell knot | A hitch knot used to attach an eyed fishing hook to fishing line. |  |
| Snuggle hitch | A modification of the clove hitch |  |
| Taut-line hitch | An adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension. |  |
| Tensionless hitch | An anchor knot used for rappelling or rope rescue. |  |
| Timber hitch | A knot used to attach a single length of rope to a cylindrical object. |  |
| Trilene knot | A multi-purpose fishing knot that can be used for attaching monofilament line to hooks, swivels and lures. |  |
| Trucker's hitch | A compound knot commonly used for securing loads on trucks or trailers. |  |
| Tugboat hitch (Lighterman's hitch) | An easy release knot ideal for heavy towing. |  |
| Tumble hitch | A quick-release draw loop knot used for temporarily securing a rope that will need to be released easily and cleanly. |  |
| Two half-hitches | A type of knot, specifically a binding knot or hitch knot. |  |
| Uni knot | A multi purpose fishing knot that can be used for attaching the fishing line to the arbor of a reel, for joining lines, and for attaching lures, snaps, and swivels. |  |


title: Paul Henderson (cricketer)

abstract: Paul Henderson was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. Henderson played first-class and List A cricket for Durham in 1992. He was born in Stockton-on-Tees. Henderson had in fact started playing for Durham in 1991, but as the team had not entered the County Championship at this point, the games were all part of the Minor Counties Championship. Following his departure from the first team at the end of the 1992 season, in which Durham finished bottom of the table with just two wins from 22 games, Henderson played two further seasons of Second XI cricket. Henderson was an upper-middle order batsman and an occasional bowler for the Durham team.

text:
# Paul Henderson (cricketer)

**Paul Henderson** (born 22 October 1974) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. Henderson played first-class and List A cricket for Durham in 1992. He was born in Stockton-on-Tees.

Henderson had in fact started playing for Durham in 1991, but as the team had not entered the County Championship at this point, the games were all part of the Minor Counties Championship.

Following his departure from the first team at the end of the 1992 season, in which Durham finished bottom of the table with just two wins from 22 games, Henderson played two further seasons of Second XI cricket. Henderson was an upper-middle order batsman and an occasional bowler for the Durham team.


title: Helenium amarum

abstract:
Helenium amarum is a species of annual herb in the daisy family known by the common names yellowdicks, yellow sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, and bitter sneezeweed. It is native to much of the south-central United States and northern Mexico, and it is present elsewhere in North America, Australia, and the West Indies as an introduced species. Helenium amarum is a multibranched bushy erect plant reaching 20 to 70 centimeters in height and thickly foliated in narrow to threadlike leaves. The tops of stem branches hold inflorescences of many daisy-like flower heads. Each head has a rounded center of sometimes as many as 250 golden yellow disc florets and a fringe of 8-10 usually lighter yellow ray florets which are reflexed away from the center. The fruit is a tiny achene about a millimeter long. This herb is weedy in some areas. The plant is somewhat toxic to mammals and insects due to the presence of the lactone tenulin.
  - Varieties
  - Helenium amarum var. amarum - United States
  - Helenium amarum var. badium Waterf. - Oklahoma, Texas, Chihuahua, Coahuila

text:
# Helenium amarum

***Helenium amarum*** is a species of annual herb in the daisy family known by the common names **yellowdicks**, **yellow sneezeweed**, **fiveleaf sneezeweed,** and **bitter sneezeweed**. It is native to much of the south-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila), and it is present elsewhere in North America, Australia, and the West Indies as an introduced species.

*Helenium amarum* is a multibranched bushy erect plant reaching 20 to 70 centimeters (8-28 inches) in height and thickly foliated in narrow to threadlike leaves. The tops of stem branches hold inflorescences of many daisy-like flower heads. Each head has a rounded center of sometimes as many as 250 golden yellow disc florets and a fringe of 8-10 usually lighter yellow ray florets which are reflexed away from the center. The fruit is a tiny achene about a millimeter long. This herb is weedy in some areas.

The plant is somewhat toxic to mammals and insects due to the presence of the lactone tenulin.

Varieties

## InfoBox

| *Helenium amarum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Helenium* |
| Species: | ***H. amarum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Helenium amarum***
(Raf.) H.Rock | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Gaillardia amara* Raf. * *Galardia amara* Raf. * *Helenium badium* (A.Gray ex S.Watson) Greene | |


title: Richard Fenno

abstract: Richard Francis Fenno Jr. was an American political scientist known for his pioneering work on the U.S. Congress and its members. He was a Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at the University of Rochester. He published numerous books and scholarly articles focused on how members of Congress interacted with each other, with committees, and with constituents. Political scientists considered the research groundbreaking and startlingly original and gave him numerous awards. Many followed his research design on how to follow members from Washington back to their home districts. Fenno was best known for identifying the tendency — dubbed "Fenno's Paradox" — of how most voters say they dislike Congress as a whole, but they trust and reelect their local Congressman.

text:
# Richard Fenno

**Richard Francis Fenno Jr.** (December 12, 1926 – April 21, 2020) was an American political scientist known for his pioneering work on the U.S. Congress and its members. He was a Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at the University of Rochester. He published numerous books and scholarly articles focused on how members of Congress interacted with each other, with committees, and with constituents. Political scientists considered the research groundbreaking and startlingly original and gave him numerous awards. Many followed his research design on how to follow members from Washington back to their home districts. Fenno was best known for identifying the tendency — dubbed "Fenno's Paradox" — of how most voters say they dislike Congress as a whole, but they trust and reelect their local Congressman.

## Early life and education

Fenno grew up in Boston and served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After the war, he graduated from Amherst College in 1948 and completed a Ph.D. degree in political science under William Yandell Elliott at Harvard University in 1956.

## Career

In 1958, Fenno was hired by the University of Rochester, where he spent his career. He wrote about Republicans and Democrats and explored rural, urban and African American congressional districts in depth. An independent who never publicized his personal political views, he never endorsed any candidates.

Fenno's books *Congressmen in Committees* (1973) and *Home Style: House Members in Their Districts* (1978), for which he won the first D. B. Hardeman Prize, established him as a leading scholar of American politics. With William Riker, Fenno built the reputation of University of Rochester's political science department. Riker focused on positive political science, while Fenno focused on establishing Rochester as a center for congressional studies. He built the first internship program for undergraduates to work in Congress.

Fenno's trademark style of political science research is sometimes referred to as "Soak and Poke" (see Fenno 1986). Rather than relying primarily on data sets or rational choice theory, Fenno undertook empirical observation of the movements of political actors on the stage of politics. His most famous book *Home Style* is written in this fashion.

In 1978, Fenno won the American Political Science Association's (APSA) Woodrow Wilson Award for the best book in political science for "Home Style".

In 1996, the Association for Budgeting & Financial Management awarded Fenno its Aaron Wildavsky Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement in Public Budgeting, for his work on Congress and appropriations. *Congress at the Grassroots* won the 2001 V. O. Key Award for the best book on southern politics.

Fenno served as book review editor of the *American Political Science Review* (1968–1971), as a director of the Social Science Research Council, and as president of APSA (1984–1985). He was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the American Philosophical Society. Since 1986, APSA's Legislative Studies Section has awarded the Richard F. Fenno Jr. Prize for the best book on legislative studies.

Fenno's archival collection is housed at the University of Rochester's River Campus Libraries Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation. Research interviews and oral history notes are also housed at the National Archives and Records Administration's Center for Legislative Activities.

According to Norman J. Ornstein:

Fenno was hands down the most significant student of Congress of the last half of the 20th century. He was the first to note that voters loved their congressman while hating Congress, he wrote the definitive study of the appropriations process (“The Power of the Purse”) and a series of books where he explored the relationship between legislators at home and in Washington.

## Death

On April 21, 2020, Fenno died in Mount Kisco, New York, from the effects of COVID-19.

## Selected publications

* *The President's Cabinet: An Analysis in the Period from Wilson to Eisenhower*. 1959. Harvard University Press. online no charge to borrow
* *The Power of the Purse: Appropriations Politics in Congress*. 1966. Little, Brown. online
* *Congressmen in Committees*. 1973. Little, Brown.
* *Home Style: House Members in their Districts*. 1978. Little, Brown. online
* *The United States Senate: a bicameral perspective* (1982) online
* "Observation, Context, and Sequence in the Study of Politics." 1986. *American Political Science Review* 80(1): 3–15. online
* *The making of a senator: Dan Quayle* (1989) online
* *The presidential odyssey of John Glenn* (1990) online
* *Learning to legislate : the Senate education of Arlen Specter* (1991) online
* *The emergence of a Senate leader: Pete Domenici and the Reagan budget* (1991) online
* "Strategy and Sophisticated Voting in the Senate." 1994. *Journal of Politics* 56(2): 349–376. (with Randall L. Calvert). DOI: 10.2307/2132143 online
* *Senators on the Campaign Trail: The Politics of Representation*. 1996. University of Oklahoma Press.
* *Congress at the Grassroots: Representational Change in the South, 1970–1998*. 2000. University of North Carolina Press.
* *Going Home: Black Representatives and their Constituents*. 2003. University of Chicago Press online.
* *Congressional Travels: Places, Connections, and Authenticity*. 2007. Pearson/Longman.

## Further reading


abstract: Thornton Township High School District 205 is a consolidated high school district based in South Holland, Illinois that serves much of Cook County's Thornton Township. The district is located south of the city of Chicago; the township's northern border matches up with the southern border of the city proper. District 205 is composed of three high schools, all located in different towns throughout Thornton Township. Thornton Township High School is located in the western reaches of Thornton Township in the Village of Harvey, and is led by principal Mr. Todd Whitaker. Another high school in the district is Thornridge High School in the City of Dolton, a village located at the northern border of the township. The principal of Thornridge High School is Dr. Justin Moore. the third district school is Thornwood High School, which is located in the township seat of South Holland; Thornwood's principal is Dr. Don C. Holmes. The district superintendent is Dr. Nathaniel Cunningham.

text:
# Thornton Township High School District 205

**Thornton Township High School District 205** is a consolidated high school district based in South Holland, Illinois that serves much of Cook County's Thornton Township. The district is located south of the city of Chicago; the township's northern border matches up with the southern border of the city proper.

District 205 is composed of three high schools, all located in different towns throughout Thornton Township. **Thornton Township High School** is located in the western reaches of Thornton Township in the Village of Harvey, and is led by principal Mr. Todd Whitaker. Another high school in the district is **Thornridge High School** in the City of Dolton, a village located at the northern border of the township. The principal of Thornridge High School is Dr. Justin Moore. the third district school is **Thornwood High School**, which is located in the township seat of South Holland; Thornwood's principal is Dr. Don C. Holmes. The district superintendent is Dr. Nathaniel Cunningham.

## InfoBox

| Thornton Township High School District 205 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| 465 E. 170th St.<br>South Holland, Illinois 60473 Cook County | |
| District information | |
| Motto | "Knowledge Is Power" |
| Superintendent | Dr. Nathaniel Cunningham Jr., Dr. Jerry B. Doss (Associate) |
| Asst. superintendent(s) | Mr. Brett Fickes, Mr. Toriano Horton |
| School board | Ms. Nina Graham (President), Mrs. Almetta Vasser-Moody (Vice President), Dr. Kara Davis (Secretary), Mr. Ray C. Banks, Mr. Stanley H. Brown, Mrs. Bernadette Lawrence, Mr. Stafford Owens |
| Schools | Thornridge High School Thornwood High School Thornton Township High School |
| Budget | $130.1 million (2020) |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 4,748 |
| Athletic conference | Southland Athletic Conference |
| Other information | |
| Website | district205.net/sd205users |


title: Hobbs Quarry SSSI, Shepton Mallet

abstract: Hobbs Quarry is a 0.5 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Shepton Mallet on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, notified in 1984. This disused quarry, which now forms the back of a builders merchants yard, is a Geological Conservation Review Site which demonstrates early Jurassic transgression, with steeply-dipping Carboniferous Limestone being overlain by flatter-lying massive limestones known as the Downside Stone.

text:
# Hobbs Quarry SSSI, Shepton Mallet

**Hobbs Quarry** (grid reference ST622446) is a 0.5 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Shepton Mallet on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, notified in 1984.

This disused quarry, which now forms the back of a builders merchants yard, is a Geological Conservation Review Site which demonstrates early Jurassic transgression, with steeply-dipping Carboniferous Limestone being overlain by flatter-lying massive limestones (of early Jurassic age) known as the Downside Stone.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Hobbs Quarry
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Somerset | |
| Location | Somerset |
| Grid reference | ST622446 |
| Coordinates | 51°11′58″N 2°32′33″W / 51.19936°N 2.54238°W / 51.19936; -2.54238 |
| Interest | Geological |
| Area | 0.5 hectares (0.0050 km2; 0.0019 sq mi) |
| Notification | 1984 (1984) |
| Natural England website | |


title: Michael J. Socolow

abstract: Michael J. Socolow is an American media historian and former broadcast journalist who teaches in the Department of Communication and Journalism at the University of Maine.

text:
# Michael J. Socolow

**Michael J. Socolow** (born December 19, 1968) is an American media historian and former broadcast journalist who teaches in the Department of Communication and Journalism at the University of Maine.

## Background and education

He was raised in Washington, D.C., and New York City, and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1987. He earned his bachelor's degree at Columbia University in 1991, and was awarded his doctorate in history from Georgetown University in 2001. He has taught at Brandeis University and the University of Maine.

## Journalism

Socolow worked on the assignment desk in the Los Angeles bureau of the Cable News Network (CNN), where he became an assignment editor in 1994. He worked on stories such as the O.J. Simpson trial, the first Michael Jackson molestation trial, and the 1994 Northridge earthquake, for which the CNN Los Angeles Bureau was awarded a Cable Ace Award for Extended News or Breaking News coverage in 1995.

He also worked as an information manager for the host broadcast organizations at the 1992 Barcelona, 1996 Atlanta, and 2000 Sydney Olympic Games.

Socolow has written op-eds, essays, and commentary for the *New York Times*, *Washington Post*, *Boston Globe*, *Chicago Tribune*, *Slate*, *Politico*, *The Conversation*, and numerous other publications.

## Scholarship and academic career

Socolow, often working in collaboration with Jefferson Pooley, has written several articles (both scholarly and popular) dispelling the myth of The War of the Worlds (1938 radio drama) mass panic. Their collaborative work argues that the panic was "almost non-existent" and significantly overstated by contemporaneous sensational press reporting, and, later, in academic scholarship. In a 2013 interview with *Gizmodo*, Socolow denied the idea that he and Pooley originated this mass panic revisionism, citing at least four previous scholars who arrived at the same conclusion about the mass panic being largely a myth. Yet Pooley and Socolow's scholarship has been cited by *Snopes*, *Time*, *National Geographic*, and others to dispel the "War of the Worlds," mass panic myth.

In 2010, in *Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly*, Socolow published a history of the *New York Times* Op-ed page that explained how the Op-ed concept came in to being and detailed the new feature's immediate success. His research on Op-ed has been cited in journalism scholarship and referenced in *The Washington Post*, the *Columbia Journalism Review*, *Politico*, and elsewhere.

Socolow's 2016 book, *Six Minutes in Berlin: Broadcast Spectacle and Rowing Gold at the Nazi Olympics*, chronicles how the German government invented global broadcast spectacle by developing new radio relay technologies. The book uses one specific Olympic triumph as a case study of the new effects of global Olympic broadcasting: the victory of the University of Washington eight-oared crew. The book also shows how, ironically, the Nazi government made Jesse Owens one of the world's first global athletic superstars. In 2018, Socolow was awarded the Broadcast Historian award by the Library of American Broadcasting Foundation and the Broadcast Education Association for *Six Minutes in Berlin*.

Socolow was a Fulbright Research Scholar at the News & Media Research Centre at the University of Canberra, in Australia, in 2019.

In July, 2020, Socolow was named the Director of the McGillicuddy Humanities Center at the University of Maine.

## Personal life

Socolow is married to Connie A. McVey, and lives in Bangor, Maine. He is the grandson of U.S. Marine Corps Major General Melvin Krulewitch, and the son of Anne K. Socolow and Sanford Socolow, the executive producer of the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

## InfoBox

| Michael J. Socolow | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1968-12-19) December 19, 1968 |
| Relatives | Melvin Krulewitch (grandfather)<br>Sanford Socolow (father) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education |  |
| Alma mater | Phillips Exeter Academy |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Journalism |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


abstract: The Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves are contiguous protected areas located in the south central interior mountains of Grenada. Together they encompass the largest declared terrestrial protected area in Grenada followed by the Mount St. Catherine Forest Reserve. The Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves are managed together.

text:
# Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves

The **Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves** are contiguous protected areas located in the south central interior mountains of Grenada. Together they encompass the largest declared terrestrial protected area in Grenada followed by the Mount St. Catherine Forest Reserve. The Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves are managed together.

1. Hubber, R. & Vincent, G (1988). "Plan and Policy for a System of National Parks and Protected Areas" (PDF).
2. Turner, M. (2008). "Annandale and Grand Etang Forest Reserves Management Plan" (PDF).


title: Nicolae Simionescu

abstract: Nicolae Simionescu was a Romanian physician. Born in Bucharest, he attended Dimitrie Cantemir and then Saint Andrew High School, graduating in 1944. He then enrolled in the medical faculty of the University of Bucharest, which he completed in 1950, earning his doctorate in 1966. From 1946 to 1970, he was on the staff of the same institution, rising from junior teaching assistant to teaching assistant to associate professor and department chairman. Meanwhile, he improved his skills as a surgeon until 1957, when he transferred to the Bucharest Endocrinology Institute. Working there until 1970, he conducted experimental and clinical research, functioning as head researcher in the morphology section. Relocating to the United States in 1970, he worked under George Emil Palade, first at The Rockefeller University (1970–73) and then at Yale University (1973–74). While abroad and following his return, he focused on the cellular and molecular biopathology of the cardiovascular system, with a focus on endothelin and atherosclerosis. In 1979, he founded the Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, which bears his name since his death. His output includes over 600 articles, monographs, chapters and lectures delivered at international congresses. Two years after the revolution and fall of the communist regime, he became a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1991, and died from an unknown cause in 1995. His wife Maya Simionescu was a close scientific collaborator.

text:
# Nicolae Simionescu

**Nicolae Simionescu** (27 June 1926 – 6 February 1995) was a Romanian physician.

Born in Bucharest, he attended Dimitrie Cantemir and then Saint Andrew High School, graduating in 1944. He then enrolled in the medical faculty of the University of Bucharest, which he completed in 1950, earning his doctorate in 1966. From 1946 to 1970, he was on the staff of the same institution, rising from junior teaching assistant to teaching assistant to associate professor and department chairman. Meanwhile, he improved his skills as a surgeon until 1957, when he transferred to the Bucharest Endocrinology Institute. Working there until 1970, he conducted experimental and clinical research, functioning as head researcher in the morphology section. Relocating to the United States in 1970, he worked under George Emil Palade, first at The Rockefeller University (1970–73) and then at Yale University (1973–74).

While abroad and following his return, he focused on the cellular and molecular biopathology of the cardiovascular system, with a focus on endothelin and atherosclerosis. In 1979, he founded the Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, which bears his name since his death. His output includes over 600 articles, monographs, chapters and lectures delivered at international congresses. Two years after the revolution and fall of the communist regime, he became a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1991, and died from an unknown cause in 1995.

His wife Maya Simionescu was a close scientific collaborator.

* (in Romanian) Dr. Victor V. Jinga, "Profesorul Nicolae Simionescu – schița biografică" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2019., in Ileana Mânduțeanu, Loredan Ștefan Niculescu, Maya Simionescu (eds.), *Memento Nicolae Simionescu*, p. 73–76. Bucharest, Institutul de Biologie și Patologie Celulară, 2009, ISBN 978-973-1744-75-9
* "In Memoriam: Nicolae Simionescu 1926-1995". *Microcirculation*. **3** (3): 257–258. 1996. doi:10.3109/10739689609148298.


title: W. G. Godfrey

abstract: William G. Godfrey (1941–2008) was a Canadian historian that specialized in the history of the Maritime Provinces. He received his BA and MA degrees from the University of Waterloo and his PhD from Queen's University. He was department chair at Mount Allison University. In 2007 Godfrey was granted the title of Professor Emeritus at Mount Allison University.

text:
# W. G. Godfrey

**William G. Godfrey** (1941–2008) was a Canadian historian that specialized in the history of the Maritime Provinces. He received his BA and MA degrees from the University of Waterloo and his PhD from Queen's University. He was department chair at Mount Allison University. In 2007 Godfrey was granted the title of Professor Emeritus at Mount Allison University.

## Select publications

* "Some Thoughts on the Dictionary of Canadian Biography and Maritime Historiography." *Acadiensis* 7.2 (1978), 107–115.
* "Canadian History Text Books and the Maritimes." *Acadiensis* 10.1 (1980), 131–135.
* *Pursuit of Profit and Preferment in Colonial North America: John Bradstreet's Quest*. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1982.
* "'A New Golden Age': Recent Historical Writing on the Maritimes." *Queens Quarterly* 91.2 (1984): 350–382.
* "Some Participants Missing but a Great Deal Present." *Acadiensis* 20.2 (1990), 249–253.
* "'A Vision Beyond Reach':Some Recent Atlantic Canadian Studies." *Journal of Canadian Studies* 28 (1993–94)
* "'Into the Hands of the Ladies': The Birth of the Moncton Hospital." *Acadiensis* 27 (1997)
* "'The Peoples in Between': Phips, Eddy and Acadie/Nova Scotia." *Acadiensis* 29.2 (2000), 147–155.
* *The Struggle to Serve : A History of the Moncton Hospital, 1895 to 1953*. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2004.
* "A Fortified Town and a World War Profitably Re-Examined." *Acadiensis* 33 (2004).
* "'The Trickle is Worth Noting':Common Law and Consumerism in Early Newfoundland History. *Acadiensis* 35 (2005).


title: Paul Henderson (sprinter)

abstract: Paul Henderson is an Australian former track and field sprinter. He won silver medals with the Australian 4×100 metres relay team at the Commonwealth Games in 1994 and 1995 World Championships in Athletics. He shares the Oceanian and Australian record for the event at 38.17 seconds.

text:
# Paul Henderson (sprinter)

**Paul Henderson** (born 13 March 1971) is an Australian former track and field sprinter. He won silver medals with the Australian 4×100 metres relay team at the Commonwealth Games in 1994 and 1995 World Championships in Athletics. He shares the Oceanian and Australian record for the event at 38.17 seconds.

## Career

Born in Casino, New South Wales, Henderson rose on the national scene as a junior athlete and at the 1989 Australian junior championships he won 200 metres and was runner-up in both 100 metres and long jump. The following year he won a sprint double at the junior championships.

His international debut came at the 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics, where he was chosen to run in all three short sprint events. He placed seventh over 200 m, but failed to make the final in either the 100 m or the 4×100 metres relay. A runner-up finish over 200 m at the Australian Athletics Championships in 1993 brought him selection for the 1993 World Championships in Athletics. On his senior debut for Australia he helped the national relay team to fifth place with a time of 38.69 seconds. His first international medal came the year after at the 1994 Commonwealth Games, where the Australian 4×100 m relay won the silver medal behind Canada. This was only the second ever Commonwealth medal Australia had won in that event, after their 1974 win.

Henderson formed part of the relay quartet for the 1995 World Championships in Athletics alongside Tim Jackson, Steve Brimacombe and Damien Marsh. Running the lead-off leg, the team set an Oceanian record time of 38.28 seconds in the heats to progress to the next round as the fastest team. They improved this further to 38.17 seconds to win their semi-final. The team was slightly slower in the final race, but were a clear second place behind Canada – the team's silver was Australia's first ever World Championships relay medal. The Australian women's 4×400 metres relay followed this with a second relay medal one hour later.

His final major international appearance was at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. He did not repeat the success of the World Championships and was eliminated in the first round of the individual 100 m before being disqualified in the men's relay event. He set his personal best for the 100 m of 10.27 seconds that same year.

## Personal bests

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Australia | | | | | |
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 28th (q-finals) | 100 m | 10.83 (wind: -2.1 m/s) |
| | | | 7th | 200 m | 21.24 (wind: -0.5 m/s) |
| | | | 12th (heats) | 4×100 m relay | 40.71 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 5th | 4×100 m relay | 38.69 |
| 1994 | Commonwealth Games | Victoria, Canada | 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 38.88 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 4th (q-finals) | 100 m | 10.34 |
| | | | 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 38.50 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 5th (heats) | 100 m | 10.52 |
| | | |  | 4×100 m relay | DQ |

## InfoBox

Paul Henderson
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's athletics | | |
| Representing  Australia | | |
| Commonwealth Games | | |
|  | 1994 Victoria | 4×100 m relay |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1995 Gothenburg | 4×100 m relay |


title: Henricus ellampus

abstract: Henricus ellampus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica. The wingspan is about 19 mm.

text:
# Henricus ellampus

***Henricus ellampus*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica.

The wingspan is about 19 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Henricus ellampus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Henricus* |
| Species: | ***H. ellampus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Henricus ellampus***<br>Razowski, 1992 | |
|


title: Richard Fellowes Benyon

abstract: Richard Fellowes Benyon, born Richard Fellowes, was a British Conservative politician and civil servant. Richard was born at Haveringland Hall in Norfolk, the third son of William Henry Fellowes of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire and his wife, Emma, sister of Richard Benyon De Beauvoir of Englefield House in Berkshire. He inherited this latter property and its associated estates upon his uncle's death in 1854 and changed his name to Benyon. Educated at Charterhouse and St. John's College, Cambridge, he was a member of Boodle's, Carlton and Conservative London clubs. In 1857, he was appointed High Sheriff of Berkshire, and was the Chairman of the County's Quarter Sessions in 1864. In 1860, he was elected the Member of Parliament for Berkshire, a position he held until his resignation in 1876. He was a patron of the Society for the Suppression of Mendicity, the National Society for School Furniture, and the Oxford Diocesan Society for the Augmentation of Small Livings. By his wife, Elizabeth Mary Clutterbuck, he had three daughters, and upon his death in 1897, his estates were inherited by his nephew, James Herbert Benyon. Meanwhile, his daughter Marion Emma had married Sir John Shelley, 9th Bt., and as a result of her cousins' own lack of sons with children, her younger son inherited Englefield in 1959. Thereby Richard Fellowes Benyon's great-grandson and eventual heir became Sir William Richard Benyon, whose son Richard Henry Ronald Benyon was MP for Newbury from 2005 to 2019 and inherited Englefield House.

text:
# Richard Fellowes Benyon

**Richard Fellowes Benyon** (17 November 1811 – 26 July 1897), born **Richard Fellowes**, was a British Conservative politician and civil servant.

Richard was born at Haveringland Hall in Norfolk, the third son of William Henry Fellowes of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire and his wife, Emma, sister of Richard Benyon De Beauvoir of Englefield House in Berkshire.

He inherited this latter property (16,000 acres, worth 20,004 guineas rental per annum) and its associated estates upon his uncle's death in 1854 and changed his name to Benyon.

Educated at Charterhouse and St. John's College, Cambridge, he was a member of Boodle's, Carlton and Conservative London clubs.

In 1857, he was appointed High Sheriff of Berkshire, and was the Chairman of the County's Quarter Sessions in 1864. In 1860, he was elected the Member of Parliament for Berkshire, a position he held until his resignation in 1876. He was a patron of the Society for the Suppression of Mendicity, the National Society for School Furniture, and the Oxford Diocesan Society for the Augmentation of Small Livings.

By his wife, Elizabeth Mary Clutterbuck, he had three daughters, and upon his death in 1897, his estates were inherited by his nephew, James Herbert Benyon. Meanwhile, his daughter Marion Emma had married Sir John Shelley, 9th Bt., and as a result of her cousins' own lack of sons with children, her younger son inherited Englefield in 1959. Thereby Richard Fellowes Benyon's great-grandson and eventual heir became Sir William Richard Benyon, whose son Richard Henry Ronald Benyon was MP for Newbury from 2005 to 2019 and inherited Englefield House.


title: Hobbs Peak (Wyoming)

abstract: Hobbs Peak is an 11,663-foot-elevation (3,555-meter) mountain summit in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States.

text:
# Hobbs Peak (Wyoming)

**Hobbs Peak** is an 11,663-foot-elevation (3,555-meter) mountain summit in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States.

## Description

Hobbs Peak is located in the remote Wind River Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. It is set nine miles (14 km) east of the Continental Divide within the Popo Agie Wilderness, on land managed by Shoshone National Forest. Hobbs Peak ranks as the 40th-highest peak in the wilderness and is two miles (3.2 km) west of Hobbs Park. The nearest town is Lander, 18 miles (29 km) to the southeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Wind River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 1,800 feet (550 meters) above Sand Lake in 0.85 mile (1.37 km). The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Hobbs Peak has an alpine subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer.

| Climate data for Hobbs Peak (WY) 42.8653 N, 109.1249 W, Elevation: 11,158 ft (3,401 m) (1991–2020 normals) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 23.8
(−4.6) | 23.7
(−4.6) | 29.7
(−1.3) | 35.3
(1.8) | 43.8
(6.6) | 54.2
(12.3) | 63.7
(17.6) | 62.2
(16.8) | 53.3
(11.8) | 41.0
(5.0) | 29.3
(−1.5) | 22.8
(−5.1) | 40.2
(4.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 14.1
(−9.9) | 13.2
(−10.4) | 18.4
(−7.6) | 23.5
(−4.7) | 32.1
(0.1) | 41.8
(5.4) | 50.1
(10.1) | 49.3
(9.6) | 41.1
(5.1) | 29.9
(−1.2) | 19.7
(−6.8) | 13.4
(−10.3) | 28.9
(−1.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 4.3
(−15.4) | 2.7
(−16.3) | 7.2
(−13.8) | 11.7
(−11.3) | 20.5
(−6.4) | 29.4
(−1.4) | 36.4
(2.4) | 36.4
(2.4) | 28.8
(−1.8) | 18.8
(−7.3) | 10.1
(−12.2) | 3.9
(−15.6) | 17.5
(−8.1) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.86
(47) | 2.04
(52) | 2.81
(71) | 4.57
(116) | 5.08
(129) | 2.60
(66) | 1.30
(33) | 1.19
(30) | 2.00
(51) | 2.52
(64) | 2.02
(51) | 1.99
(51) | 29.98
(761) |
| Source: PRISM Climate Group | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Hobbs Park is an elevated plain at the foot of Hobbs Peak. Hobbs Park also has a subarctic climate (Köppen *Dfc*) but is slightly warmer due to its lower elevation.

| Climate data for Hobbs Park, Wyoming, 1991–2020 normals: 10100ft (3078m) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 29.7
(−1.3) | 30.2
(−1.0) | 36.7
(2.6) | 42.0
(5.6) | 49.7
(9.8) | 58.6
(14.8) | 67.3
(19.6) | 65.6
(18.7) | 56.6
(13.7) | 45.0
(7.2) | 34.6
(1.4) | 27.9
(−2.3) | 45.3
(7.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 18.8
(−7.3) | 18.6
(−7.4) | 24.4
(−4.2) | 29.5
(−1.4) | 38.1
(3.4) | 46.5
(8.1) | 54.3
(12.4) | 52.9
(11.6) | 44.9
(7.2) | 34.3
(1.3) | 24.2
(−4.3) | 17.7
(−7.9) | 33.7
(1.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 7.9
(−13.4) | 6.9
(−13.9) | 12.1
(−11.1) | 17.1
(−8.3) | 26.6
(−3.0) | 34.5
(1.4) | 41.3
(5.2) | 40.2
(4.6) | 33.2
(0.7) | 23.4
(−4.8) | 13.8
(−10.1) | 7.4
(−13.7) | 22.0
(−5.5) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.58
(40) | 1.91
(49) | 2.99
(76) | 4.19
(106) | 4.50
(114) | 2.27
(58) | 1.15
(29) | 1.14
(29) | 1.92
(49) | 2.42
(61) | 1.83
(46) | 1.84
(47) | 27.74
(704) |
| Source 1: XMACIS2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Hazards

Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures.

Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018. Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near Squaretop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue.

## InfoBox

| Hobbs Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| East aspect of Hobbs Peak
(Hobbs Park in foreground) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 11,663 ft (3,555 m) |
| Prominence | 403 ft (123 m) |
| Parent peak | Lizard Head Peak (12,847 ft) |
| Isolation | 0.85 mi (1.37 km) |
| Coordinates | 42°51′54″N 109°07′29″W / 42.8651315°N 109.1246493°W / 42.8651315; -109.1246493 |
| Geography | |
| Hobbs PeakLocation in WyomingHobbs PeakHobbs Peak (the United States) | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wyoming |
| County | Fremont |
| Protected area | Popo Agie Wilderness |
| Parent range | Rocky Mountains
Wind River Range |
| Topo map | USGS *Dickinson Park* |
| Geology | |
| Type of rock | granitic |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | class 3 scrambling |


title: Valentyn Slyusar

abstract: Valentyn Slyusar is a former Ukrainian footballer who played as a midfielder.

text:
# Valentyn Slyusar

**Valentyn Slyusar** (born 15 September 1977) is a former Ukrainian footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Slyusar is graduate of Dynamo Kyiv academy. Since then he has played for various Ukrainian First League clubs. He has also played for Russian club FC Rostov. Notably he has played for Ukrainian Premier League clubs FC Metalurh Donetsk, and Zakarpattia Uzhhorod.

In 2005, Slyusar came to Metalist who got new manager Myron Markevych. Since then he has one three bronze titles with the club in the Ukrainian Premier League.

After the Ukrainian Premier League 2008–09 season Slyusar was found positive in random drug testing and will be suspended for two months.

## International career

Slyusar was first called up to the Ukraine national football team by Oleksiy Mykhailychenko for a friendly match against Norway on 19 November 2008. The squad mainly consisted of domestic-based players, with the exception Vitaliy Fedoriv.

## Personal life

His son Denys, born in 2002, is also a football player.

## InfoBox

Valentyn Slyusar
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Valentyn Vasylovych Slyusar | | |
| Date of birth | (1977-09-15) 15 September 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994–1998 | Dynamo Kyiv | 0 | (0) |
| 1994–1998 | Dynamo-2 Kyiv | 63 | (9) |
| 1997–1998 | Dynamo-3 Kyiv | 17 | (5) |
| 1998 | Metalurh Donetsk | 13 | (2) |
| 1999 | Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don | 1 | (0) |
| 1999 | Rostselmash-2 Rostov-on-Don | 12 | (0) |
| 2000 | Obolon Kyiv | 4 | (0) |
| 2000 | Obolon-2 Kyiv | 9 | (1) |
| 2000–2002 | Zakarpattia Uzhhorod | 53 | (5) |
| 2001–2002 | Zakarpattia-2 Uzhhorod | 3 | (2) |
| 2002–2003 | Polihraftechnika Oleksandriya | 18 | (2) |
| 2003–2004 | Nyva Vinnytsia | 24 | (4) |
| 2004–2005 | Zakarpattia Uzhhorod | 29 | (1) |
| 2005–2010 | Metalist Kharkiv | 126 | (16) |
| 2010–2012 | Obolon Kyiv | 36 | (0) |
| 2016 | Spartacus Uzhhorod |  |  |
| 2018–2019 | Sevlyush Vynohradiv |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2008–2009 | Ukraine | 2 | (0) |
| Medal record      Men's football  Representing  Ukraine  UEFA European Under-16 Championship  1994 Republic of Ireland | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


abstract: The table below shows the list of Nigerian senators of the 10th National Assembly which will be inaugurated in June 2023. The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one senator for the Federal Capital Territory. The Senate president is the head of the house, and assisted by the deputy Senate president. The Senate president and his deputy also work with the principal officers in the house including the majority leader, deputy majority leader, minority leader, deputy minority leader, chief whip, deputy chief whip, minority whip and deputy minority whip.

text:
# Nigerian senators of the 10th National Assembly

The table below shows the list of **Nigerian senators of the 10th National Assembly** which will be inaugurated in June 2023. The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one senator for the Federal Capital Territory. The Senate president is the head of the house, and assisted by the deputy Senate president. The Senate president and his deputy also work with the principal officers in the house including the majority leader, deputy majority leader, minority leader, deputy minority leader, chief whip, deputy chief whip, minority whip and deputy minority whip.

## Principal officers

### Presiding officers

| Office | Party | Senator | District | Since |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Senate President | APC | Godswill Akpabio | Akwa Ibom North-West | 13 June 2023 |
| Deputy Senate President | APC | Barau Jibrin | Kano North | 13 June 2023 |

### Majority leadership

| Office | Party | Senator | District | Since |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Senate Majority Leader | APC | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |
| Deputy Senate Majority Leader | APC | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |
| Senate Majority Whip | APC | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |
| Deputy Senate Majority Whip | APC | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |

### Minority leadership

| Office | Party | Senator | District | Since |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Senate Minority Leader | TBD | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |
| Deputy Senate Minority Leader | TBD | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |
| Senate Minority Whip | TBD | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |
| Deputy Senate Minority Whip | TBD | \[\[ \]\] | TBD |  |

## Membership by zone

As of 7 March 2023:

| Zone | APC | PDP | NNPP | YPP | APGA | LP | SDP | TBD | Total | States included |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North-Central | 11 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 19 | BE, FCT, KO, KW, NA, NI, PL |
| North-East | 10 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | AD, BA, BO, GO, TA, YO |
| North-West | 10 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | JI, KD, KN, KT, KE, SO, ZA |
| South-East | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 15 | AB, AN, EB, EN, IM |
| South-South | 7 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 18 | AK, BY, CR, DE, ED, RI |
| South-West | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | EK, LA, OG, ON, OS, OY |
| Total | 59 | 36 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 109 |  |

## Senators

1. "SENATORIAL ELECTION HELD ON 25TH FEBRUARY 2023, List of Senators-Elect". *Twitter*. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
2. "9th National Assembly: Deft moves begin over Senate Presidency". *Punch Newspapers*. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
3. Andah, John (2019-03-12). "Inec Confirms 100 Senators For Nigeria's 9th Assembly (Full List) | Nigeria News". *Concise News*. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
4. Usman, Bala (2019-03-22). "9th National Assembly and Leadership Question". *THISDAYLIVE*. Retrieved 2019-05-01.

https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/593926-10th-national-assembly-apc-retains-majority-in-senate-with-59-senators-elect-as-pdp-trails-with-36-full-list.html


title: James Fernandes

abstract: James Fernandes is an Indian footballer who plays as a forward for Goa Professional League club Churchill Brothers.

text:
# James Fernandes

**James Fernandes** (born 26 June 1994) is an Indian footballer who plays as a forward for Goa Professional League club Churchill Brothers.

## Club career

Born in Benaulim, Goa, Fernandes began his career as part of the Salgaocar youth team. In 2008, he participated with the under-15 side during the Nike U-15 Manchester United Premier Cup. In 2013, he was part of the Salgaocar side which won the Goa Football Association state under-18 league. The next season, he was promoted to the under-19 squad which participated in the I-League U19.

During the summer of 2014, Fernandes had a short spell with Goa Professional League club Santa Cruz Cavelossim. Prior to the start of the 2014–15 season, Fernandes was promoted into the Salgaocar first team for their I-League campaign. He made his professional debut for the club on 23 January 2015 against Royal Wahingdoh. Fernandes came on as an 83rd-minute substitute for Karma Tsewang in the 0–1 defeat. This would be his only appearance that season in the I-League, before returning to the I-League squad for the next season following the Goa Professional League campaign.

In January 2016, Fernandes joined Sporting Goa for their Goa Professional League season. With Sporting Goa, Fernandes won his first league title and scored in the final match of the season against Vasco. In 2018, Fernandes briefly returned to Salgaocar for Goa Pro League matches before joining Churchill Brothers. While with Churchill Brothers, Fernandes won his second state league title in 2019–20.

## Career statistics

*As of match played 23 January 2015*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Salgaocar | 2014–15 | I-League | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |

## Honours

**Sporting Goa**

**Churchill Brothers**

## InfoBox

James Fernandes
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | James Fernandes | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-06-26) 26 June 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Benaulim, Goa, India | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Churchill Brothers | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Salgaocar | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Santa Cruz Cavelossim |  |  |
| 2015–2016 | Salgaocar | 1 | (0) |
| 2016–2018 | Sporting Goa |  |  |
| 2018 | Salgaocar |  |  |
| 2018– | Churchill Brothers |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 09:19, 17 April 2021 (UTC) | | | |


title: Nehal Bibodi

abstract: Nehal Bibodi is an Indian born Ugandan cricketer. He appeared in Uganda's Intercontinental Cup campaign in 2005.

text:
# Nehal Bibodi

**Nehal Bibodi** (born 18 March 1971) is an Indian born Ugandan cricketer. He appeared in Uganda's Intercontinental Cup campaign in 2005.

## InfoBox

Nehal Bibodi
| Cricket information | |
| --- | --- |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off-break |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 2 7  Runs scored 90 103  Batting average 22.50 17.16  100s/50s 0/0 0/1  Top score 28 68  Balls bowled 48 114  Wickets 1 4  Bowling average 21.00 24.25  5 wickets in innings 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 0  Best bowling 1/11 3/53  Catches/stumpings 0/– 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 5 December 2022 | |


title: Richard Felson

abstract: Richard Felson is a professor of Crime, Law, and Justice and Sociology at The Pennsylvania State University. He is also adjunct professor of Sociology at State University of New York at Albany.

text:
# Richard Felson

**Richard Felson** (born 10 October 1950, in Cincinnati) is a professor of Crime, Law, and Justice and Sociology at The Pennsylvania State University. He is also adjunct professor of Sociology at State University of New York at Albany.

## Research on Aggression and Coercive Actions

In 1994 Felson co-authored the controversial book "Violence, Aggression and Coercive Actions: A Social-Interactionist Perspective" with James Tedeschi. This book challenged the theory that rape was a crime motivated by an aggressive desire to dominate the victim. Felson and Tedeschi argued that sexual fulfillment was a motive of rapists.

This book drew widespread criticism from academic circles. Robert Prentky the clinical director of Philadelphia's Joseph J. Peters Institute argued that in a small number of cases sexual fulfillment was the motive. However the overriding motive was dominance of the victim. Felson has stated that he believes rape is a terrible crime and that the motive does not excuse the actions of the perpetrator.

Felson has written about intimate partner violence as well as sexual assault in his book "Violence and Gender Reexamined." In this book he argues that one gains a better understanding of violence against women by comparing it to violence against men.

Most of Felson's research is concerned with other aspects of violence. He has studied, for example, the role of alcohol and drugs, the role of guns, and race and regional differences.

In 2012, Felson was selected to deliver the annual Bruce Mayhew Lecture at the University of South Carolina. His lecture is entitled "Sexual Assault as a Crime Against Teenagers."

1. Richard Felson - Professional webpage at Penn State
2. BNET Article
3. BNET Article
4. Mayhew Lecture 2012, University of South Carolina

## Further reading

* Violence, Aggression, and Coercive Actions, by James Tedeschi and Richard B. Felson. 1994
* Violence and Gender Reexamined, by Richard B. Felson. 2002

## InfoBox

| Richard Felson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1950-10-10) October 10, 1950<br>Cincinnati, Ohio, United States |
| Occupation(s) | Professor of Crime Law and Justice and Sociology The Pennsylvania State University |
| Known for | Sociology |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | The Pennsylvania State University |
|  | |
| Website |  |


title: Thomas Robert Bolam

abstract: Thomas Robert Bolam FRSE MM (1893–1969) was a 20th century British chemist.

text:
# Thomas Robert Bolam

**Thomas Robert Bolam** FRSE MM (1893–1969) was a 20th century British chemist.

## Life

He was born in Bristol on 7 September 1893. He was educated at the Fairfield Higher Grade school and the Merchant Venturers School in Bristol. He graduated BSc from Bristol University in 1914 and then at the start of the First World War he joined the Royal Engineers and served in France and Flanders winning the Military Medal. Returning to Bristol he gained an MSc in 1920 and began lecturing at the University of Edinburgh. He received a doctorate (DSc) from the University in 1930.

In 1933 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir James Walker, James Pickering Kendall, Ernest Bowman Ludlam and Leonard Dobbin. He served as Vice President of the Society 1959 to 1962.

In the Second World War he served as an Air Raid Warden in Edinburgh.

He died in Edinburgh on 8 July 1969.

## Publications

* *The Donnan Equilibrium* (1932)

## Family

In 1926 he married Mary Russell Mackenzie (d.1954). They had no children.


title: Amanda Phillips

abstract: Amanda Susan Phillips is an Australian weightlifter, competing in the 75 kg category and representing Australia at international competitions. She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 63 kg event. She competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships.

text:
# Amanda Phillips

**Amanda Susan Phillips** (born 4 July 1981 in Brisbane) is an Australian weightlifter, competing in the 75 kg category and representing Australia at international competitions. She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 63 kg event. She competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | | |
| Summer Olympics | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2000 | Sydney, Australia | 63 kg |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |
| World Championships | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1999 | Piraeus, Greece | 75 kg | 77.5 | ~~80~~ | **80** | 24 | 100 | ~~105~~ | **105** | 23 | **185** | 23 |

1. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Amanda Phillips". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016.
2. "Weightlifting World Championships - Amanda Phillips". iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.

## InfoBox

Amanda Phillips
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Amanda Susan Phillips |
| Born | (1981-07-04) 4 July 1981<br>Brisbane, Australia |
| Height | 164 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 69.81 kg (153.9 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Australia |
| Sport | Weightlifting |
| Weight class | 75 kg |
| Team | National team |
| Updated on 28 September 2016 | |


title: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

abstract: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the field of vascular surgery. It was established in 1967 and is published by SAGE Publications. The editor-in-chief is Thomas Maldonado.

text:
# Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

***Vascular and Endovascular Surgery*** is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the field of vascular surgery. It was established in 1967 and is published by SAGE Publications. The editor-in-chief is Thomas Maldonado.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, its 2012 impact factor is 0.859, ranking it 65 out of 65 journals in the category "Peripheral Vascular Disease" and 176 out of 203 journals in the category "Surgery".

## InfoBox

*Vascular and Endovascular Surgery*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Vascular surgery |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Thomas Maldonado |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1967-present |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Impact factor | 0.859 (2018) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Vasc. Endovasc. Surg.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1538-5744 (print)
1938-9116 (web)
 |
| OCLC no. | 52258854 |
| Links | |
|  | |


abstract:
The table below lists Nigerian senators of the 4th National Assembly.
The 4th National Assembly (1999–2003) was inaugurated on 29 May 1999 at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic. The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one minister for the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Evan Enwerem was appointed president of the Senate, until he was removed from office on 18 November 1999, replaced by Chuba Okadigbo. Okadigbo was impeached on 8 August 2000 and was replaced by Pius Anyim.

text:
# Nigerian senators of the 4th National Assembly

The table below lists **Nigerian senators of the 4th National Assembly**. The 4th National Assembly (1999–2003) was inaugurated on 29 May 1999 at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic. The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one minister for the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Evan Enwerem was appointed president of the Senate, until he was removed from office on 18 November 1999, replaced by Chuba Okadigbo. Okadigbo was impeached on 8 August 2000 and was replaced by Pius Anyim.

## Senators

Senator Jim Nwobodo of Enugu East Senatorial Zone, Enugu State was not elected under AD. He was elected unopposed on the platform of the PDP when the previous winner, Uche Nnaji of AD stepped down before the inauguration of the 4th Senate in 1999. The bye election that followed Uche Nnaji's withdrawal paved the way for Jim Nwobodo to be elected unopposed on the platform of The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Please correct this for the records.


title: James Tuder Nelthorpe

abstract: James Tuder or Tudor Nelthorpe was an English local magistrate and landowner, principally active as a Justice of the Peace in Nuthurst, West Sussex. Born James Cowne, he took on the surnames Tudor/Tuder and Nelthorpe on inheriting the estate of Sedgwick manor in Little Broadwater from his aunt Elizabeth Nelthorpe. By the 1840s he held almost 900 acres in total in his estates in Nuthurst and Little Broadwater. As of the 1841 census he was living at Nuthurst Lodge with the family of Richard Mayne, then Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, who later served as one of the executors to Nelthorpe's will.

text:
# James Tuder Nelthorpe

**James Tuder** or **Tudor Nelthorpe** (c.1784 - 11 June 1868) was an English local magistrate and landowner, principally active as a Justice of the Peace in Nuthurst, West Sussex.

Born James Cowne, he took on the surnames Tudor/Tuder and Nelthorpe on inheriting the estate of Sedgwick manor in Little Broadwater from his aunt Elizabeth Nelthorpe. By the 1840s he held almost 900 acres in total in his estates in Nuthurst and Little Broadwater. As of the 1841 census he was living at Nuthurst Lodge with the family of Richard Mayne, then Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, who later served as one of the executors to Nelthorpe's will.


title: Helpinstill

abstract: Helpinstill is a US-based company that produces a unique electromagnetic pickup system for amplifying grand and upright pianos on stage. During the late 1970s the company also marketed a range of portable pianos ready-fitted with the pickups. These instruments were built by Kimball to Helpinstill's specifications. The company's founder and namesake, Charles Helpinstill, performs in Houston with his band, Ezra Charles and The Texas Blues Band.

text:
# Helpinstill

**Helpinstill** is a US-based company that produces a unique electromagnetic pickup system for amplifying grand and upright pianos on stage. During the late 1970s the company also marketed a range of portable pianos ready-fitted with the pickups. These instruments were built by Kimball to Helpinstill's specifications. The company's founder and namesake, Charles Helpinstill, performs in Houston with his band, Ezra Charles and The Texas Blues Band.

## Description

The Helpinstill pickup comprises three (or four in the case of some uprights) long electromagnetic bar pickups which can be temporarily attached to a piano's iron frame with magnets and clamps. The pickups only sense vibrations from the strings, virtually eliminating the possibility of feedback. A small mixer allows the pianist or sound engineer to adjust the output balance of the pickups.

## The *Melodipro* piano

In the mid-1970s, the Aeolian piano company marketed the Melodipro upright piano, a semi-roadworthy version of its Melodigrand 64-note piano fitted with a Helpinstill pickup system. The shortcomings of this instrument inspired Helpinstill to produce its own completely portable instruments.

## Helpinstill pianos

Three models were produced between 1977 and about 1980. All were true acoustic pianos with soundboards.

### Roadmaster 88 and 64 models

These were uprights, built into aluminium flightcases on casters with fold-away keyboards and sustain pedals. The 88 offered a full piano range while the 64 lacked the top and bottom octaves.

### Portable Grand

This was an 88-note baby grand without its heavy outer case, and designed to separate into a keyboard and a "harp" section with removable "hairpin"-style legs. A fibreglass cover was fitted to the "harp" in lieu of a traditional case and lid. This made the instrument considerably lighter than a traditional grand of the same size.

Both instruments are still renowned for their authentic sound when amplified, and the Helpinstill pickup remains an industry standard.


title: Thomas Robbins (minister)

abstract: Rev. Thomas Robbins, D.D. was a Congregational minister, a bibliophile, and an antiquarian. He became the first librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society.

text:
# Thomas Robbins (minister)

Rev. **Thomas Robbins**, D.D. (August 11, 1777 – September 13, 1856) was a Congregational minister, a bibliophile, and an antiquarian. He became the first librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society.

## Early years

Robbins was born in Norfolk, Connecticut, the ninth child of the Rev. Ammi Ruhamah Robbins, and Elizabeth (Le Baron) Robbins. Ammi was the first minister of Norfolk. He had 12 siblings.

Robbins entered Yale University at the age of 15. In January 1796, he began a diary which he kept up through 1854. While in college, Robbins also began collecting books, a passion that would eventually define his life.

He graduated from Yale in 1796, though he spent his senior year at Williams College, where his father was a trustee, and is listed as a 1796 alumnus of Williams as well.

## Career

### Teacher and minister

For the first six years after graduating from university, Robbins taught, preached, and studied theology. In 1798, he was licensed to preach by the Litchfield North Association. From 1799 to 1802, he was in charge of the Danbury, Connecticut's academy.

In 1803, the Connecticut Missionary Society, the evangelistic arm of the Connecticut General Association of Congregational ministers, sent him to a new settlement on the Western Reserve, Ohio where he spent three years organizing churches before returning to New England in poor health. From 1808-1827, he preached in East Windsor, Connecticut. His brother, Rev. Francis L. Robbins, was the pastor in the next town of Enfield, Connecticut. From there he went to preach in Stratford, Connecticut. Robbins succeeded his uncle, Rev. Lemuel Le Baron, as Congregational minister in Mattapoisett, Massachusetts, preaching his first sermon there September 25, 1831.

In 1837, Robbins was appointed to the Massachusetts State Board of Education. The following year, he received the Doctor of Divinity degree from Harvard Divinity School. Robbins was a Trustee of Williams College from 1842-1853. He was also elected to the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Institution of Science of Washington.

He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815.

### Librarian

> *"He commenced his collection while in college, by preserving his textbooks, and in 1809 made a formal beginning of a permanent library, by making a catalogue of his entire stock, consisting of one hundred and thirty volumes, with a determination that he would add at least one hundred volumes a year as long as he should live."* (from Robbins' obituary, written by Henry Barnard.)

Robbins' became a librarian at the end of his career. The seeds were sown in 1822 when Robbins publicly suggested the creation of a historical society in Connecticut. After its establishment in 1825 in Hartford, Connecticut, he became its first corresponding secretary.

In 1844, educator Henry Barnard offered Robbins the position of librarian at the Connecticut Historical Society, the society elders being as interested in Robbins' book collection as they were in Robbins' services. By the time Robbins left for Hartford, he had over 4,000 volumes, mostly on subjects of history and theology. A notable part of the collection was the 385 volume *Journal des sçavans*, the earliest published scholarly periodical. The collection also included 596 coins, such as a Roman denarius.

Never having married, he revised his Last Will several times in an effort to assure his library was sustained after his death. On May 27, 1846, he bequeath his library to the historical society in exchange for an annual salary of $600.

## Legacy

Robbins died at the age of 79 in Colebrook, Connecticut at the home of his niece. In addition to the extensive book collection, Robbins bequeath $3,000 to the society to care for the books, and to enlarge the collection. Each book contains a bookplate and all the bookplates include a record of the price paid for the book. The society also has Robbins' original bookshelves.

His portrait, painted by Reuben Moulthrop in 1801, is located in Hartford at the Connecticut Historical Society's museum.

## Partial works

* (1815). *An historical view of the first planters of New-England*. Hartford: Peter B. Gleason and Company. OCLC 2367757
* Diary of Thomas Robbins, D. D., 1796–1854, Volume 2. Boston: Thomas Todd, printer, 1887. Ed. by Tarbox.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Robbins | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | August 11, 1777
Norfolk, Connecticut |
| Died | September 13, 1856
Colebrook, Connecticut |
| Nationality | American |
| Education |  |
| Occupation | Minister |
| Known for | First librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society |
| Title | Rev. |


title: Amanda Poach

abstract:
Amanda Nicole Poach is an American soccer midfield player from Bowie, Maryland.
Poach represented the United States at the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship where the team finished in fourth place.

text:
# Amanda Poach

**Amanda Nicole Poach** (born July 25, 1987) is an American soccer midfield player from Bowie, Maryland. Poach represented the United States at the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship where the team finished in fourth place.

## InfoBox

Amanda Poach
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Amanda Nicole Poach | | |
| Date of birth | (1987-07-25) July 25, 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Fairfax, Virginia, United States | | |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2003–2005 | Bethesda Excel | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2009 | Santa Clara Broncos |  |  |


title: Michael Falzarano

abstract: Michael Falzarano is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He has been a professional musician since the 1970s, most notably in Hot Tuna, the New Riders of the Purple Sage, and the Memphis Pilgrims, a Memphis-style rock and roll/blues band that he founded in 1986. Falzarano released an album entitled We Are All One in 2008 on Woodstock Records and The King James Sessions in 2005 on Blues Planet Records. A re-released version of the song "Last Train Out," which he wrote in memory of the Allman Brothers Band and Gov't Mule bass player Allen Woody, appears on the record. Blues Planet re-released Mecca, an album that Falzarano and the Memphis Pilgrims originally released in 1996 on Relix Records with guests Jorma Kaukonen, Pete Sears, and Harvey Sorgen of Hot Tuna and Danny Louis of Gov't Mule. When not performing with his own band, Falzarano can be seen with Hot Tuna, the Jorma Kaukonen Trio, and the New Riders of the Purple Sage. Falzarano also produces other artists, and teaches guitar workshops at Jorma Kaukonen's Fur Peace Ranch. In 2013, Falzarano's original composition "When There's Two There's Trouble" was featured in Alexandre Moors' critically acclaimed film Blue Caprice with Isaiah Washington, Tim Blake Nelson, and Joey Lauren Adams. Falzarano also appears in the movie. Michael Falzarano's band the Englishtown Project plays covers of songs by the New Riders of the Purple Sage, the Grateful Dead, and the Marshall Tucker Band.

text:
# Michael Falzarano

**Michael Falzarano** is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He has been a professional musician since the 1970s, most notably in Hot Tuna, the New Riders of the Purple Sage, and the Memphis Pilgrims, a Memphis-style rock and roll/blues band that he founded in 1986.

Falzarano released an album entitled *We Are All One* in 2008 on Woodstock Records and *The King James Sessions* in 2005 on Blues Planet Records. A re-released version of the song "Last Train Out," which he wrote in memory of the Allman Brothers Band and Gov't Mule bass player Allen Woody, appears on the record. Blues Planet re-released *Mecca*, an album that Falzarano and the Memphis Pilgrims originally released in 1996 on Relix Records with guests Jorma Kaukonen, Pete Sears, and Harvey Sorgen of Hot Tuna and Danny Louis of Gov't Mule.

When not performing with his own band, Falzarano can be seen with Hot Tuna, the Jorma Kaukonen Trio, and the New Riders of the Purple Sage. Falzarano also produces other artists, and teaches guitar workshops at Jorma Kaukonen's Fur Peace Ranch.

In 2013, Falzarano's original composition "When There's Two There's Trouble" was featured in Alexandre Moors' critically acclaimed film *Blue Caprice* with Isaiah Washington, Tim Blake Nelson, and Joey Lauren Adams. Falzarano also appears in the movie.

Michael Falzarano's band the Englishtown Project plays covers of songs by the New Riders of the Purple Sage, the Grateful Dead, and the Marshall Tucker Band.

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Michael Falzarano | |
| --- | --- |
| Michael Falzarano performing with the New Riders of the Purple Sage at Bottom Lounge in Chicago on July 3, 2015 | |
| Background information | |
| Genres | Roots rock |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter * musician |
| Instruments | * Guitar * vocals |
| Years active | 1970s–present |
| Member of |  |
| Formerly of |  |
|  | |
| Website | michaelfalzarano.com |


title: Vascular access steal syndrome

abstract: Vascular access steal syndrome is a syndrome caused by ischemia resulting from a vascular access device that was installed to provide access for the inflow and outflow of blood during hemodialysis.

text:
# Vascular access steal syndrome

**Vascular access steal syndrome** is a syndrome caused by ischemia (not enough blood flow) resulting from a vascular access device (such as an arteriovenous fistula or synthetic vascular graft–AV fistula) that was installed to provide access for the inflow and outflow of blood during hemodialysis.

## Signs

* Pallor
* Diminished pulses (distal to the fistula)
* Necrosis
* Decreased wrist-brachial index (ratio of blood pressure measured in the wrist and the blood pressure measured in the upper arm), especially if below 0.6

### Symptoms

* Pain distal to the fistula.

Symptoms are graded by their severity:

* Grade 0: No symptoms of steal
* Grade 1: Mild - cool extremity, improvement in hand pulse with access occlusion
* Grade 2: Moderate - Ischemic symptoms during dialysis
* Grade 3: Severe - Ischemic hand pain outside of dialysis; Ulcers or gangrene of the fingers

## Diagnosis

## Treatment

The fistula flow can be restricted through banding, or modulated through surgical revision.

### Revascularization techniques

### Banding techniques

If the above methods fail, the fistula is ligated, and a new fistula is created in a more proximal location in the same limb, or in the contralateral limb.

## Incidence

DASS occurs in about 1% of AV fistulas and 2.7-8% of PTFE grafts.

## Terminology

Within the contexts of nephrology and dialysis, vascular access steal syndrome is also less precisely just called steal syndrome (for short), but in wider contexts that term is ambiguous because it can refer to other steal syndromes, such as subclavian steal syndrome or coronary steal syndrome.

1. Porcellini M, Selvetella L, De Rosa P, Baldassarre M, Bauleo A, Capasso R (1997). "\[Hand ischemia due to "steal syndrome" in vascular access for hemodialysis\]". *G Chir*. **18** (1–2): 27–30. PMID 9206477.
2. Shemesh D, Mabjeesh NJ, Abramowitz HB (1999). "Management of dialysis access-associated steal syndrome: use of intraoperative duplex ultrasound scanning for optimal flow reduction". *J Vasc Surg*. **30** (1): 193–5. doi:10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70192-8. PMID 10394170.
3. Harris, Linda. *Heodialysis Access: Nonthrombotic complications* (8 ed.). In: Rutherford's Vascular SUrgery. pp. 1141–1152.
4. Asif A, Leon C, Merrill D, Bhimani B, Ellis R, Ladino M, Gadalean F (2006). "Arterial steal syndrome: a modest proposal for an old paradigm". *Am J Kidney Dis*. **48** (1): 88–97. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.077. PMID 16797390.
5. Zanow J, Kruger U, Scholz H (2006). "Proximalization of the arterial inflow: a new technique to treat access-related ischemia". *J Vasc Surg*. **43** (6): 1216–21. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.01.025. PMID 16765242.
6. Minion DJ, Moore E, Endean E (2005). "Revision using distal inflow: a novel approach to dialysis-associated steal syndrome". *Ann Vasc Surg*. **19** (5): 625–8. doi:10.1007/s10016-005-5827-7. PMID 16052391. S2CID 24275191.
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## InfoBox

| Vascular access steal syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Nephrology |


title: Nicomedes Pastor Díaz y Corbelle

abstract: Nicomedes Pastor Díaz Corbelle was a Spanish politician, journalist and author of the Romanticism and the Rexurdimento. He contributed to the renewal of the Galician language. As a politician, Díaz served as Minister of State in 1856, during the reign of Queen Isabella II of Spain, in a cabinet headed by Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan. Díaz was elected to seat k of the Real Academia Española, he took up his seat on 7 November 1847. He was both a Liberal and a Catholic, belonging to the left-wing of the Moderados. In 1863, as a member of the Liberal Union, he gave a speech on the necessity of reconciling Catholicism with Liberalism.

text:
# Nicomedes Pastor Díaz y Corbelle

**Nicomedes Pastor Díaz Corbelle** (15 September 1811, in Viveiro, Galicia, Spain – 22 March 1863, in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish politician, journalist and author of the *Romanticism and the Rexurdimento*. He contributed to the renewal of the Galician language.

As a politician, Díaz served as Minister of State in 1856, during the reign of Queen Isabella II of Spain, in a cabinet headed by Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan (by then Count of Lucena).

Díaz was elected to seat *k* of the Real Academia Española, he took up his seat on 7 November 1847.

He was both a Liberal and a Catholic, belonging to the left-wing of the Moderados. In 1863, as a member of the Liberal Union, he gave a speech on the necessity of reconciling Catholicism with Liberalism.

## Works

* *Alborada* (1828) (in Galician language)
* *Poesías* (1840)
* *De Villahermosa a la China* (1858)
* *Galería de españoles célebres contemporáneos* (1841-1864)

## Sources

## InfoBox

| The Most ExcellentNicomedes Pastor Díaz | |
| --- | --- |
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| Born | Nicomedes Pastor Díaz Corbelle
(1811-09-15)15 September 1811
Viveiro, Spain |
| Died | 22 March 1863(1863-03-22) (aged 51)
Madrid, Spain |
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| Seat *k* of the Real Academia Española | |
| **In office**
7 November 1847  22 March 1863 | |
| Preceded by | *Seat established* |
| Succeeded by | Isaac Núñez de Arenas |
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