title: V. Krishnaswamy Iyer

abstract: Venkatarama Krishnaswamy Iyer CSI was an Indian lawyer who served as a justice of the High Court of Madras and on the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras who was also known as a leader in the second generation of the Mylapore clique. He was involved in the prosecution of a partner of the British banking Company Arbuthnot & Co after the bank crashed on 22 October 1906. Following the crash, Iyer gathered together eight Indians who started a bank funded by Chettiar Capital which later became the Indian Bank. He is the first Indian to have a beach-fronted statue, when a statue of his was put up outside the Senate House. Madras University in 1912.

text:
# V. Krishnaswamy Iyer

**Venkatarama Krishnaswamy Iyer** CSI (15 June 1863 – 28 December 1911) was an Indian lawyer who served as a justice of the High Court of Madras and on the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras who was also known as a leader in the second generation of the Mylapore clique.

He was involved in the prosecution of a partner of the British banking Company Arbuthnot & Co after the bank crashed on 22 October 1906. Following the crash, Iyer gathered together eight Indians who started a bank funded by Chettiar Capital which later became the Indian Bank. He is the first Indian to have a beach-fronted statue, when a statue of his was put up outside the Senate House. Madras University in 1912.

## Early life and education

Krishnaswany Iyer was born on 15 June 1863 in Thiruvidaimarudur, Thanjavur district, the second of four sons of Venkatarama Iyer who was a District Munsiff and his wife Sundari. Sundari died when Krishnaswamy was young and his father Venkatarama Iyer married again.

Krishnaswamy Iyer was educated at Thiruvidaimarudur and S. P. G. High School, Thanjavur where he was a classmate of P. S. Sivaswami Iyer. Krishnaswamy graduated from Government College, Kumbakonam and Presidency College, Madras, and obtained a law degree from Madras Law College.

## Early career

Krishnaswamy Iyer began practicing as a lawyer in 1885. He did not do well initially, but in 1888, when S. Ramaswamy Aiyengar, a prominent lawyer, on his appointment as District Munsiff, handed over his brief to Krishnaswamy, Krishnaswamy got the break he desired much. Krishnaswamy's rise was then, meteoric. He was elected Secretary of the Vakil's Association and in 1891, founded the Madras Law Journal with another lawyer, P. R. Sundaram Aiyar.

## The Arbuthnot Bank crash

Krishnaswami became known when he was the contending advocate in the Arbuthnot bank case. In 1906, this popular bank crashed and depositors lost huge sums. Krishnaswami played a role in ensuring that the principal partner was imprisoned. The event led to his assisting in setting up the Indian Bank.

## Other activities

Krishnaswami founded Venkataramana Dispensary and Ayurvedic College on Kutchery Road in 1905 to promote indigenous forms of medicinal treatment. A year later, he started the Madras Sanskrit College. He suggested that students be given free boarding and lodging and even paid a stipend to sustain their families and that teachers be given free accommodation.

## Freedom movement

His involvement in public affairs drew him to the Congress party. He was instrumental in bringing together the moderate and extremist factions of the Congress Party at the 1908 session in Madras. This act of Krishnaswami was greatly appreciated by Gokhale.

Krishnaswami became a judge of the Madras High Court in 1909 at a time when he was admired in political circles. Some saw him as an impatient man keen to clear all arrears. He was judge for a mere 15 months and then became a member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras, a top-ranking post, offered to him by the British.

He was responsible for introducing a number of educational reforms in the University of Madras. He also took the responsibility of funding Swami Vivekananda's trip to Chicago in 1893. During the minority of the Shankaracharya of Kanchi, he intervened personally to see to it that control of the Math did not fall into wrong hands.

## Honours

In 1909, Krishnaswamy Iyer was elected to the Madras Legislative Council representing the Madras University. He was appointed a judge of the Madras High Court by the then Governor of Madras, Arthur Lawley, in 1909. The very same year, Krishnaswamy was awarded the Kaiser-I-Hind gold medal for his philanthropic activities. In 1911, he was appointed member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras.

V. Krishnaswamy Iyer Street, a prominent street in Mylapore, Chennai is named after Krishnaswamy.

## Death

Krishnaswamy Iyer died in Madras, on 28 December 1911 at the age of 48.

## Family

Krishnaswamy Iyer was married to Balambal. The couple had two sons, K. Balasubramania Aiyar and K. Chandrasekaran and four daughters, K. Balasindari Ammal, K. Savithri Ammal, K. Subbulakshmi Ammal and K. Saraswati Ammal. Two of his daughters even though they have very little schooling, Savithri Ammal and Saraswati Ammal themselves later blossomed into writers in Tamil and English.

Balasubramania Iyer was a director of the Indian Bank. He and Chandrasekhar Iyer were both successively secretaries of the Madras Sanskrit College and made it grow into a great organization. Balasubramania iyer was an MLC in Tamil Nadu and was also a member of the syndicate of Madras University. Chandrasekhara Iyer was a co-founder and vice president of the Music Academy.


title: Hyunsoonleella udoensis

abstract: Hyunsoonleella udoensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hyunsoonleella.

text:
# Hyunsoonleella udoensis

***Hyunsoonleella udoensis*** is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of *Hyunsoonleella*.

## InfoBox

| *Hyunsoonleella udoensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacteroidota |
| Class: | Flavobacteria |
| Order: | Flavobacteriales |
| Family: | Flavobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Hyunsoonleella* |
| Species: | ***H. udoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| *****Hyunsoonleella udoensis*****<br>Kim et al. 2016 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| JG48 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Hyunsoonleella udonensis* | |


title: 2018–19 Albanian Cup

abstract: 2018–19 Albanian Cup was the sixty-seventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. Skënderbeu are the defending champions. Kukësi won the title for the second time in their history.

text:
# 2018–19 Albanian Cup

**2018–19 Albanian Cup** (Albanian: *Kupa e Shqipërisë*) was the sixty-seventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. Skënderbeu are the defending champions. Kukësi won the title for the second time in their history.

## Format

Ties are played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregate score is tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advances. If the number of away goals is equal in both games, the match is decided by extra time and a penalty shoot-out, if necessary.

## Preliminary round

In order to reduce the number of participating teams for the first round to 32, a preliminary tournament is played. In contrast to the main tournament, the preliminary tournament is held as a single-leg knock-out competition. Matches were played on 2 September 2018 and involved the four best teams from the Albanian Second Division.

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Veleçiku** (II) | 3−0 | Klosi (III) |
| Elbasani (II) | 0−1 | **Oriku** (II) |

## First round

All 30 teams of the 2018–19 Kategoria Superiore and Kategoria e Parë entered in this round along with the two qualifiers from the preliminary round. The first legs were played on 12 September 2018 and the second legs took place on 26 September 2018.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Veleçiku (II) | 0−7 | **Skënderbeu** (I) | 0−3 | 0−4 |
| Vora (II) | 0−5 | **Luftëtari** (I) | 0−4 | 0−1 |
| Tërbuni (III) | 0−5 | **Partizani** (I) | 0−1 | 0−4 |
| Besa (II) | 2−4 | **Kamza** (I) | 0−2 | 2−2 |
| Burreli (II) | 1−2 | **Vllaznia** (II) | 1−1 | 0−1 |
| Korabi (II) | 1−2 | **Kastrioti** (I) | 1−1 | 0−1 |
| Dinamo Tirana (II) | 0−1 | **Egnatia** (II) | 0−1 | 0−0 |
| **Besëlidhja** (II) | 5−1 | Erzeni (II) | 2−0 | 3−1 |
| Oriku (II) | 2−6 | **Kukësi** (I) | 1−2 | 1−4 |
| Naftëtari (III) | 0−14 | **Laçi** (I) | 0−5 | 0−9 |
| Shkumbini (III) | 0−2 | **Flamurtari** (I) | 0−1 | 0−1 |
| Turbina (II) | 2−7 | **Teuta** (I) | 0−3 | 2−4 |
| Shënkolli (II) | 3−4 | **Lushnja** (II) | 1−2 | 2−2 |
| Iliria (II) | 1−8 | **Tirana** (I) | 1−4 | 0−4 |
| Tomori (II) | 3−5 | **Bylis** (II) | 2−1 | 1−4 |
| Pogradeci (II) | 2−4 | **Apolonia** (II) | 0−1 | 2−3 |

| 12 September 2018 | **Veleçiku** | **0−3** | **Skënderbeu** | Kompleksi Vellezërit Duli, Koplik |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Gripshi  20'
Ajzeraj  58'
John  81' | Referee: Qazim Copa |

| 26 September 2018 | **Skënderbeu** | **4−0** | **Veleçiku** | Skënderbeu Stadium, Korçë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Guindo  2'
Hoxhaj  19'
Ziko  69'
Fili  85' |  |  | Referee: Eraldo Demiraj |

**Skënderbeu** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Vora** | **0−4** | **Luftëtari** | Olimpiku Stadium, Yrshek |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Hyseni  14'
Molla  42'
Cekaj  59'
Oshafi  83' | Referee: Ardit Merdanaj |

| 26 September 2018 | **Luftëtari** | **1−0** | **Vora** | Gjirokastra Stadium, Gjirokastër |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Dunga  53' |  |  | Referee: Elton Hazizaj |

**Luftëtari** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Tërbuni** | **0−1** | **Partizani** | Ismail Xhemali Stadium, Pukë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Çinari  6' | Referee: Elton Hazizaj |

| 25 September 2018 | **Partizani** | **4−0** | **Tërbuni** | Internacional Complex, Pezë Helmës |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Çinari  16', 39'
Bardhi  29'
Hebaj  82' |  |  | Referee: Erik Kaso |

**Partizani** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Besa** | **0−2** | **Kamza** | Besa Stadium, Kavajë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Frashëri  22'
Teqja  72' | Referee: Erik Kaso |

| 26 September 2018 | **Kamza** | **2−2** | **Besa** | QKS Kamëz, Kamëz |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Kullolli  61' (o.g.)
Peçi  72' |  | Deliu  32'
Cara  86' | Referee: Roxhers Muska |

**Kamza** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Burreli** | **1−1** | **Vllaznia** | Liri Ballabani Stadium, Burrel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Djidjiwa  90' |  | Júnior Sílvio  48' | Referee: Mario Shabanaj |

| 26 September 2018 | **Vllaznia** | **1−0** | **Burreli** | Reshit Rusi Stadium, Shkodër |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Zogaj  90' |  |  | Referee: Besnard Kaimi |

**Vllaznia** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Korabi** | **1−1** | **Kastrioti** | Korabi Stadium, Peshkopi |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Lika  13' |  | Gállego  10' | Referee: Klodian Shahini |

| 26 September 2018 | **Kastrioti** | **1−0** | **Korabi** | Redi Maloku Stadium, Fushë-Krujë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Marku  27' |  |  | Referee: Bekris Dragusha |

**Kastrioti** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Dinamo Tirana** | **0−1** | **Egnatia** | Internacional Complex, Pezë Helmës |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Broshka  63' | Referee: Egel Xhaferaj |

| 26 September 2018 | **Egnatia** | **0−0** | **Dinamo Tirana** | Egnatia Stadium, Rrogozhinë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST |  |  |  | Referee: Altin Stefi |

**Egnatia** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Besëlidhja** | **2−0** | **Erzeni** | Brian Filipi Stadium, Lezhë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Fetaj  47'
Pasha  84' |  |  | Referee: Orlando Kuka |

| 26 September 2018 | **Erzeni** | **1−3** | **Besëlidhja** | Tofik Jashari Stadium, Shijak |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Gjoka  30' |  | Thea  6'
Camara  35'
Miloti  79' | Referee: Laver Alla |

**Besëlidhja** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Oriku** | **1−2** | **Kukësi** | Petro Ruci Stadium, Orikum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Kongjini  67' |  | Ethemi  6', 52' | Referee: Granit Sulko |

| 26 September 2018 | **Kukësi** | **4−1** | **Oriku** | Internacional Complex, Pezë Helmës |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Harba  15'
Špehar  39', 55', 74' |  | Kongjini  80' | Referee: Klodjan Prenga |

**Kukësi** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Naftëtari** | **0−5** | **Laçi** | Bashkim Sulejmani Stadium, Kuçovë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Toro  26'
Mersinaj  31', 81'
Smaçi  65'
Berisha  89' | Referee: Sokol Bebja |

| 26 September 2018 | **Laçi** | **9−0** | **Naftëtari** | QKS Kamëz, Kamëz |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 CEST | Prengaj  8'
Qose  14' (o.g.)
Bushi  20'
A. Berisha  28', 48'
Hadroj  29', 37'
E. Berisha  30', 49' |  |  | Referee: Skerdi Greca |

**Laçi** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Shkumbini** | **0−1** | **Flamurtari** | Egnatia Stadium, Rrogozhinë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Alves  90+3' | Referee: Geisi Velcani |

| 26 September 2018 | **Flamurtari** | **1−0** | **Shkumbini** | Fusha Stërvitore Flamurtari, Vlorë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Musta  90+3' |  |  | Referee: Mikele Dyrmishi |

**Flamurtari** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Turbina** | **0−3** | **Teuta** | Nexhip Trungu Stadium, Cërrik |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Peqini  40'
Kruja  57'
Shkalla  61' | Referee: Lesjan Dosti |

| 26 September 2018 | **Teuta** | **4−2** | **Turbina** | Olimpiku Stadium, Yrshek |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Shkalla  6'
Traore  13'
Peqini  62'
Vila  90' |  | Shkreta  4'
Hasa  23' | Referee: Qazim Copa |

**Teuta** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Shënkolli** | **1−2** | **Lushnja** | Shënkoll Stadium, Shënkoll |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Përgjini  41' |  | Alcani  80' (o.g.)
Ademi  86' | Referee: Xhulio Mema |

| 26 September 2018 | **Lushnja** | **2−2** | **Shënkolli** | Roza Haxhiu Stadium, Lushnjë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Zhuga  63'
Xhafa  84' |  | Obinwanne  10'
Përgjini  64' | Referee: Geisi Velcani |

**Lushnja** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Iliria** | **1−4** | **Tirana** | Redi Maloku Stadium, Fushë-Krujë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Xhabrahimi  8' |  | Cobbinah  31', 48'
Turtulli  44'
Blazhevski  75' | Referee: Edvin Hoxha |

| 25 September 2018 | **Tirana** | **4−0** | **Iliria** | Skënder Halili Complex, Tirana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Sentamu  23', 28', 38'
Ngoo  80' |  |  | Referee: Xhulio Mema |

**Tirana** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Tomori** | **2−1** | **Bylis** | Tomori Stadium, Berat |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Dobra  2'
Shaqe  36' |  | Lickollari  85' | Referee: Indrit Myrtja |

| 26 September 2018 | **Bylis** | **4−1** | **Tomori** | Adush Muça Stadium, Ballsh |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Ntephe  5'
Beji  34'
Koffi  39'
Offei  90' |  | Mujkic  85' (pen.) | Referee: Hermal Llapra |

**Bylis** advanced to the second round.

| 12 September 2018 | **Pogradeci** | **0−1** | **Apolonia** | Gjorgji Kyçyku Stadium, Pogradec |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  | Mehmeti  66' | Referee: Blerim Ziri |

| 26 September 2018 | **Apolonia** | **3−2** | **Pogradeci** | Loni Papuçiu Stadium, Fier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 CEST | Gjata  46', 65'
Hysenshahaj  88' |  | Lickollari  11'
Alimadhi  55' | Referee: Elidon Halo |

**Apolonia** advanced to the second round.

## Second round

All the 16 qualified teams from the first round progressed to the second round. The first legs were played on 22 and 23 January 2019 and the second legs took place on 6 February 2019.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Besëlidhja (II) | 1−5 | **Skënderbeu** (I) | 1−2 | 0−3 |
| Egnatia (II) | 0−3 | **Luftëtari** (I) | 0−3 | 0−0 |
| Kastrioti (I) | 2−7 | **Partizani** (I) | 2−4 | 0−3 |
| Vllaznia (II) | 2−2 () | **Kamza** (I) | 2−1 | 0−1 |
| Apolonia (II) | 2−3 | **Kukësi** (I) | 2−1 | 0−2 |
| Bylis (II) | 2−3 | **Laçi** (I) | 2−0 | 0−3 |
| **Tirana** (I) | 2−1 | Flamurtari (I) | 2−0 | 0−1 |
| Lushnja (II) | 1−7 | **Teuta** (I) | 1−3 | 0−4 |

| 22 January 2019 | **Besëlidhja** | **1−2** | **Skënderbeu** | Brian Filipi Stadium, Lezhë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Camara  28' |  | John  10'
Gripshi  51' | Referee: Olsi Sokoli |

| 6 February 2019 | **Skënderbeu** | **3−0** | **Besëlidhja** | Skënderbeu Stadium, Korçë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Vangjeli  57'
Abazi  72'
Krasniqi  84' |  |  | Referee: Elton Hazizaj |

**Skënderbeu** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 23 January 2019 | **Egnatia** | **0−3** | **Luftëtari** | Egnatia Stadium, Rrogozhinë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET |  |  | Ramadani  50' (pen.)
Dunga  55'
Rapo  83' | Referee: Indrit Myrtja |

| 6 February 2019 | **Luftëtari** | **0−0** | **Egnatia** | Gjirokastra Stadium, Gjirokastër |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET |  |  |  | Referee: Skerdi Grecaj |

**Luftëtari** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 22 January 2019 | **Kastrioti** | **2−4** | **Partizani** | Redi Maloku Stadium, Fushë-Krujë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Vatnikaj  13'
Shehu  70' |  | Hebaj  30', 76'
Mensah  42'
Trashi  68' | Referee: Olsid Ferataj |

| 6 February 2019 | **Partizani** | **3−0** | **Kastrioti** | Selman Stërmasi Stadium, Tirana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Hebaj  34'
Mensah  60'
Çinari  64' |  |  | Referee: Klodian Shahini |

**Partizani** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 23 January 2019 | **Vllaznia** | **2−1** | **Kamza** | Reshit Rusi Stadium, Shkodër |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Marku  58'
Júnior Rodrigues  77' |  | Mehmeti  18' | Referee: Orlando Kuka |

| 6 February 2019 | **Kamza** | **1−0** | **Vllaznia** | Kamëz Stadium, Kamëz |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Bitri  63' |  |  | Referee: Olsid Ferataj |

**Kamza** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 23 January 2019 | **Apolonia** | **2−1** | **Kukësi** | Loni Papuçiu Stadium (training ground), Fier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Gjata  42'
Hysenshahaj  54' |  | Ethemi  59' | Referee: Blerim Ziri |

| 6 February 2019 | **Kukësi** | **2−0** | **Apolonia** | Internacional Complex, Pezë Helmës |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Shkurtaj  29'
Ethemi  79' |  |  | Referee: Hermal Llapra |

**Kukësi** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 23 January 2019 | **Bylis** | **2−0** | **Laçi** | Adush Muça Stadium, Ballsh |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Bytyçi  42'
Bajramaj  84' |  |  | Referee: Klodian Shahini |

| 6 February 2019 | **Laçi** | **3−0** | **Bylis** | Laçi Stadium, Laç |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Shtubina  9' (pen.)
Toro  26'
Gjoni  44' |  |  | Referee: Kridens Meta |

**Laçi** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 23 January 2019 | **Tirana** | **2−0** | **Flamurtari** | Selman Stërmasi Stadium, Tirana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 CET | Ngoo  35'
Hoxhallari  38' |  |  | Referee: Kreshnik Barjamaj |

| 6 February 2019 | **Flamurtari** | **1−0** | **Tirana** | Flamurtari Stadium, Vlorë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Calé  49' |  |  | Referee: Laver Alla |

**Tirana** advanced to the quarter finals.

| 23 January 2019 | **Lushnja** | **1−3** | **Teuta** | Abdurrahman Roza Haxhiu Stadium, Lushnjë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Gjyla  85' |  | Kallaku  30' (pen.)
Vila  36'
Progni  51' | Referee: Kreshnik Cjapi |

| 6 February 2019 | **Teuta** | **4−0** | **Lushnja** | Tofik Jashari Stadium, Shijak |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 CET | Vecaj  30', 31'
Vila  50'
Amadu  60' |  |  | Referee: Orlando Kuka |

**Teuta** advanced to the quarter finals.

## Quarter-finals

All eight qualified teams from the second round progressed to the quarter-finals. The first legs were played on 12 and 13 March 2019 and the second legs took place on 3 April 2019. Skënderbeu automatically qualified to the semi-finals after Kamza was banned from football competitions for the remaining of the season.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kamza (I) | w/o | **Skënderbeu** (I) |  |  |
| Partizani (I) | 1−3 | **Luftëtari** (I) | 1–2 | 0−1 |
| Teuta (I) | 2−3 | **Kukësi** (I) | 2−2 | 0−1 |
| **Tirana** (I) | 3−2 | Laçi (I) | 3−0 | 0−2 |

| 12 March 2019 | **Partizani** | **1−2** | **Luftëtari** | Elbasan Arena, Elbasan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CET | Telushi  42' |  | Fili  54'
Hoxha  90' | Referee: Klodian Shahini |

| 3 April 2019 | **Luftëtari** | **1−0** | **Partizani** | Gjirokastra Stadium, Gjirokastër |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CEST | Dunga  34' (pen.) |  |  |  |

**Luftëtari** advanced to the semi finals.

| 12 March 2019 | **Teuta** | **2−2** | **Kukësi** | Niko Dovana Stadium, Durrës |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 CET | Bušić  85'
Hakaj  90' |  | Reginaldo  45'
Shkurtaj  54' | Referee: Enea Jorgji |

| 3 April 2019 | **Kukësi** | **1−0** | **Teuta** | Elbasan Arena, Elbasan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 CEST | Reginaldo  61' |  |  |  |

**Kukësi** advanced to the semi finals.

| 13 March 2019 | **Tirana** | **3−0** | **Laçi** | Selman Stërmasi Stadium, Tirana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 CET | Ngoo  53', 65'
Hasani  73' |  |  | Referee: Laver Alla |

| 3 April 2019 | **Laçi** | **2−0** | **Tirana** | Laçi Stadium, Laç |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 CEST | Shtubina  29'
Çokaj  48' |  |  |  |

**Tirana** advanced to the semi finals.

## Semi-finals

The first legs were played on 24 April and the second legs were played on 8 May 2019.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kukësi** (I) | 5−2 | Skënderbeu (I) | 2−1 | 3−1 |
| Luftëtari (I) | 3−5 | **Tirana** (I) | 0−0 | 3−5 |

| 24 April 2019 | **Kukësi** | **2−1** | **Skënderbeu** | Kamëz Stadium, Kamëz |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST | Reginaldo  20'
Shkurtaj  55' |  | Bregu  61' |  |

| 8 May 2019 | **Skënderbeu** | **1−3** | **Kukësi** | Skënderbeu Stadium, Korçë |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 CEST | Bregu  47' |  | Reginaldo  19'
Abazi  42' (o.g.)
Rama  58' |  |

**Kukësi** advanced to the final.

| 24 April 2019 | **Luftëtari** | **0−0** | **Tirana** | Gjirokastra Stadium, Gjirokastër |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 CEST |  |  |  |  |

| 8 May 2019 | **Tirana** | **5−3** | **Luftëtari** | Selman Stërmasi Stadium, Tirana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 CEST | Daja  21'
Cobbinah  47' (pen.)
Ngoo  53'
Sentamu  75', 86' |  | Fili  41'
Oshafi  79'
Dunga  90+4' |  |

**Tirana** advanced to the final.

## Final

| Kukësi | 2−1 | Tirana |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Shkurtaj  4'
Reginaldo  78' |  | Ngoo  66' |

Elbasan Arena, ElbasanAttendance: 1,500Referee: Enea Jorgji  1. "Kupa e Shqipërisë, Ja Datat, Turet Dhe Çiftet Sipas Skemës Përkatëse". 29 August 2018.

## InfoBox

2018–19 Albanian Cup
| Kupa e Shqipërisë | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Country | Albania |
| Teams | 34 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Kukësi |
| Runner-up | Tirana |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 63 |
| Goals scored | 185 (2.94 per match) |
| Top goal scorer(s) | Michael Ngoo
(6 goals) |
|  | |


title: Nuthetal

abstract: Nuthetal is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

text:
# Nuthetal

**Nuthetal** is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Geography

*Nuthetal* is situated south-west of Berlin. The area was formed from a series of large moraines during the last ice age. The municipality originated in October 2003 from the voluntary union of the independent municipalities Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Fahlhorst, Nudow, Philippsthal, Saarmund and Tremsdorf. The municipality owes its name to the rivulet Nuthe which flows between the places situated to the west Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Saarmund and Tremsdorf and the villages Nudow and Philippsthal situated to the east and flows into Havel in Potsdam.

## Parts of the municipality

* Bergholz-Rehbrücke (5.600 Inhabitants)
* Fahlhorst (120 I.)
* Nudow (450 I.)
* Philippsthal (190 I.)
* Saarmund (1.450 I.)
* Tremsdorf (200 I.)

## Demography

Nuthetal: Population development
within the current boundaries (2020)
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1875  2,066       1890  2,203 +0.43%  1910  2,528 +0.69%  1925  3,094 +1.36%  1939  4,141 +2.10%  1950  5,221 +2.13%  1964  4,637 −0.84% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1971  4,802 +0.50%  1981  4,826 +0.05%  1985  4,840 +0.07%  1990  4,713 −0.53%  1995  5,724 +3.96%  2000  8,468 +8.15%  2005  8,838 +0.86% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  2010  8,778 −0.14%  2015  8,930 +0.34%  2016  8,958 +0.31%  2017  9,077 +1.33%  2018  9,061 −0.18%  2019  9,072 +0.12%  2020  9,035 −0.41% |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Honorary citizen

The only honorary citizen buried here in Bergholz-Rehbrücke is the actress, singer and revue artiste *Lotte Werkmeister*.

## InfoBox

| Nuthetal | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church in the village of Fahlhorst and nest of stork | |
| Location of Nuthetal within Potsdam-Mittelmark district | |
| Nuthetal Nuthetal | |
| Coordinates: 52°21′00″N 13°05′59″E / 52.35000°N 13.09972°E / 52.35000; 13.09972 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Brandenburg |
| District | Potsdam-Mittelmark |
| Subdivisions | 6 parts |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201826) | Ute Hustig |
| Area | |
| Total | 47.56 km2 (18.36 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 34 m (112 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 9,071 |
| Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 14558 |
| Dialling codes | 033200 |
| Vehicle registration | PM |
| Website | www.nuthetal.de |


title: Tote board

abstract: A tote board is a numeric or alphanumeric display used to convey information, typically at a race track or at a telethon. The term "tote board" comes from the colloquialism for "totalizator", the name for the automated system which runs parimutuel betting, calculating payoff odds, displaying them, and producing tickets based on incoming bets.

text:
# Tote board

A **tote board** (or **totalisator**/**totalizator**) is a numeric or alphanumeric display used to convey information, typically at a race track (to display the odds or payoffs for each horse) or at a telethon (to display the total amount donated to the charitable organization sponsoring the event).

The term "tote board" comes from the colloquialism for "totalizator" (or "totalisator"), the name for the automated system which runs parimutuel betting, calculating payoff odds, displaying them, and producing tickets based on incoming bets.

## History

Parimutuel systems had used totalisator boards since the 1860s, and they were often housed in substantial buildings. However, the manual systems often resulted in substantial delays in calculations of clients' payouts.

The first all-mechanical totalisator was invented by George Julius. Julius was a consulting engineer, based in Sydney. His father, Churchill Julius, an Anglican Bishop, had campaigned, in the early years of the twentieth century, against the iniquities of gambling using totalisators and its damage to New Zealand society. That attitude had changed by late 1907 when he argued that the totalisator removed much of the evil of gambling with bookmakers. Bishop Churchill was himself an amateur mechanic, with a reputation for fixing clocks and organs in parishes he visited.

Initially, George Julius was attempting to develop a voting calculating machine for the Australian government, to automatically reduce the instances of voter fraud and create a cheat-free political environment. He went on to present his unique invention, only to have his design rejected as it was deemed to be excessive.

The first all-mechanical machine was installed at Ellerslie Racecourse in New Zealand in 1913 (first used on the Holy Saturday races on 22 March 1913), and the second was installed at Gloucester Park Racetrack in Western Australia in 1917. George Julius founded Automatic Totalisators Limited (ATL) in 1917, which supplied the "Premier Totalisator: now including electrical components". The first totalisators installed in the United States were at Hialeah Park, Florida, in 1932 (by ATL), and at Arlington Park racecourse, Chicago, in 1933 by American Totalisator. The first entirely electronic totalisator was developed in 1966.

Totalisators have been superseded by general purpose computers running specialised wagering software such as Autotote. In many cases beyond older systems, telethon tote boards have either been replaced by LCD displays showing totals, or scoreboards adapted to display dollar amounts.

## Automatic totalisators

An automatic totalisator is a device to add up the bets in a pari-mutuel betting system. The whole of the pot (the stakes on all competitors) is divided *pro rata* to the stakes placed on the winning competitor, and those tickets are paid out. Essentially, it implements a system of starting price (SP) betting.

In particular, it refers to the invention of George Julius, the English-born, New Zealand educated, Australian inventor, engineer and businessman, though there have been other claimants, notably engineer Joseph G. Nash.

The term automatic refers to the fact that the bets were automatically summed and a ticket issued when a bet was registered on the issuing machines, and it provided a safe and virtually fraud-free method of betting, replacing the earlier jam-pot totes, which used either paper transactions or some method of counting bets like steel ball bearings. The machine did not actually calculate the payout.

The method was widely used in the Australian, New Zealand and American horse-racing industries and for greyhound racing in the UK, although there were other installations in countries as diverse as France, Venezuela and Singapore.


abstract: Fine Cut: KCET's Festival of Student Film is a television program that airs on the California television station KCET and is now in its tenth season. The program features the work of film students from various SoCal institutions such as the California Institute of the Arts, Loyola Marymount, UCLA, American Film Institute, Otis College of Art and Design, San Diego State University, and USC. Films shown cover all genres, but must have been produced within the last two years.

text:
# Fine Cut: KCET's Festival of Student Film

***Fine Cut: KCET's Festival of Student Film*** is a television program that airs on the California television station KCET and is now in its tenth season. The program features the work of film students from various SoCal institutions such as the California Institute of the Arts, Loyola Marymount, UCLA, American Film Institute, Otis College of Art and Design, San Diego State University, and USC. Films shown cover all genres, but must have been produced within the last two years.


title: Muriel Gammans

abstract: Ann Muriel, Lady Gammans was a British Conservative politician. She was elected Member of Parliament for Hornsey at a 1957 by-election following the death of her husband Sir David Gammans, and served until her retirement at the 1966 general election.

text:
# Muriel Gammans

**Ann Muriel, Lady Gammans** (born 6 March 1898 – 28 December 1989) was a British Conservative politician. She was elected Member of Parliament for Hornsey at a 1957 by-election following the death of her husband Sir David Gammans, and served until her retirement at the 1966 general election.

## InfoBox

| Ann Muriel GammansLady Gammans | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Hornsey | |
| **In office**
30 May 1957  30 March 1966 | |
| Preceded by | Sir David Gammans, Bt. |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Rossi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1898-03-06)6 March 1898 |
| Died | 28 December 1989(1989-12-28) (aged 91) |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | Sir David Gammans, Bt. |
|  | |


title: Víctor Santiago Díaz

abstract: Víctor Santiago Díaz was a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Toa Baja. He was a member of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). Santiago Díaz was elected as mayor of Toa Baja at the 2000 general election, defeating the incumbent mayor, Víctor M. Soto. However, in the 2004 general elections, Santiago was defeated by PNP candidate Aníbal Vega Borges. Santiago Díaz died on December 30, 2015, from cancer. Aside of his public service as mayor, he worked as a school teacher.

text:
# Víctor Santiago Díaz

**Víctor Santiago Díaz** was a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Toa Baja. He was a member of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD).

Santiago Díaz was elected as mayor of Toa Baja at the 2000 general election, defeating the incumbent mayor, Víctor M. Soto. However, in the 2004 general elections, Santiago was defeated by PNP candidate Aníbal Vega Borges.

Santiago Díaz died on December 30, 2015, from cancer. Aside of his public service as mayor, he worked as a school teacher.

## InfoBox

| Víctor Santiago Díaz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mayor of Toa Baja | |
| **In office**<br>January 2, 2001  January 1, 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Víctor M. Soto |
| Succeeded by | Aníbal Vega Borges |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-08-28)August 28, 1968 |
| Died | December 30, 2015(2015-12-30) (aged 47) |
| Political party | Popular Democratic Party (PPD) |
| Occupation | Politician, teacher |
|  | |


abstract: Grammatical Framework (GF) is a programming language for writing grammars of natural languages. GF is capable of parsing and generating texts in several languages simultaneously while working from a language-independent representation of meaning. Grammars written in GF can be compiled into a platform independent format and then used from different programming languages including C and Java, C#, Python and Haskell. A companion to GF is the GF Resource Grammar Library, a reusable library for dealing with the morphology and syntax of a growing number of natural languages. Both GF itself and the GF Resource Grammar Library are open-source. Typologically, GF is a functional programming language. Mathematically, it is a type-theoretic formal system based on Martin-Löf's intuitionistic type theory, with additional judgments tailored specifically to the domain of linguistics.

text:
# Grammatical Framework (programming language)

**Grammatical Framework** (**GF**) is a programming language for writing grammars of natural languages. GF is capable of parsing and generating texts in several languages simultaneously while working from a language-independent representation of meaning. Grammars written in GF can be compiled into a platform independent format and then used from different programming languages including  and Java, C#, Python and Haskell. A companion to GF is the *GF Resource Grammar Library*, a reusable library for dealing with the morphology and syntax of a growing number of natural languages.

Both GF itself and the GF Resource Grammar Library are open-source. Typologically, GF is a functional programming language. Mathematically, it is a type-theoretic formal system (a logical framework to be precise) based on Martin-Löf's intuitionistic type theory, with additional judgments tailored specifically to the domain of linguistics.

## Language features

## Tutorial

Goal: write a multilingual grammar for expressing statements about John and Mary loving each other.

### Abstract and concrete modules

In GF, grammars are divided to two module types:

* an **abstract** module, containing judgement forms `cat` and `fun`.
    + `cat` or **category declarations** list categories i.e. all the possible types of trees there can be.
    + `fun` or **function declarations** state functions and their types, these must be implemented by concrete modules (see below).
* one or more **concrete** modules, containing judgement forms `lincat` and `lin`.
    + `lincat` or **linearization type definitions**, says what type of objects linearization produces for each category listed in `cat`.
    + `lin` or **linearization rules** implement functions declared in `fun`. They say how trees are linearized.

Consider the following:

**Abstract syntax**

```
 abstract Zero = {
   cat
     S ; NP ; VP ; V2 ;
   fun
     Pred : NP -> VP -> S ;
     Compl : V2 -> NP -> VP ;
     John, Mary : NP ;
     Love : V2 ;
 }

```

**Concrete syntax: English**

```
 concrete ZeroEng of Zero = {
   lincat
     S, NP, VP, V2 = Str ;
   lin
     Pred np vp = np ++ vp ;
     Compl v2 np = v2 ++ np ;
     John = "John" ;
     Mary = "Mary" ;
     Love = "loves" ;
 }

```

Notice: `Str` (token list or "string") as the only linearization type.

### Making a grammar multilingual

A single abstract syntax may be applied to many concrete syntaxes, in our case one for each new natural language we wish to add. The same system of trees can be given:

* different words
* different word orders
* different linearization types

**Concrete syntax: French**

```
 concrete ZeroFre of Zero = {
   lincat
     S, NP, VP, V2 = Str ;
   lin
     Pred np vp = np ++ vp ;
     Compl v2 np = v2 ++ np ;
     John = "Jean" ;
     Mary = "Marie" ;
     Love = "aime" ;
 }

```

### Translation and multilingual generation

We can now use our grammar to translate phrases between French and English. The following commands can be executed in the GF interactive shell.

**Import many grammars with the same abstract syntax**

```
> import ZeroEng.gf ZeroFre.gf
Languages: ZeroEng ZeroFre

```

**Translation: pipe linearization to parsing**

```
> parse -lang=Eng "John loves Mary" | linearize -lang=Fre
Jean aime Marie

```

**Multilingual generation: linearize into all languages**

```
> generate_random | linearize -treebank
Zero: Pred Mary (Compl Love Mary)
ZeroEng: Mary loves Mary
ZeroFre: Marie aime Marie

```

### Parameters, tables

Latin has *cases*: nominative for subject, accusative for object.

* *Ioannes Mariam amat* "John-Nom loves Mary-Acc"
* *Maria Ioannem amat* "Mary-Nom loves John-Acc"

We use a **parameter type** for case (just 2 of Latin's 6 cases). The linearization type of NP is a **table type**: from `Case` to `Str`. The linearization of `John` is an **inflection table**. When using an NP, we **select** (`!`) the appropriate case from the table.

**Concrete syntax: Latin**

```
 concrete ZeroLat of Zero = {
   lincat
     S, VP, V2 = Str ;
     NP = Case => Str ;
   lin
     Pred np vp = np ! Nom ++ vp ;
     Compl v2 np = np ! Acc ++ v2 ;
     John = table {Nom => "Ioannes" ; Acc => "Ioannem"} ;
     Mary = table {Nom => "Maria" ; Acc => "Mariam"} ;
     Love = "amat" ;
   param
     Case = Nom | Acc ;
 }

```

### Discontinuous constituents, records

In Dutch, the verb *heeft lief* is a discontinuous constituent. The linearization type of `V2` is a **record type** with two **fields**. The linearization of `Love` is a **record**. The values of fields are picked by **projection** (`.`)

**Concrete syntax: Dutch**

```
 concrete ZeroDut of Zero = {
   lincat
     S, NP, VP = Str ;
     V2 = {v : Str ; p : Str} ;
   lin
     Pred np vp = np ++ vp ;
     Compl v2 np = v2.v ++ np ++ v2.p ;
     John = "Jan" ;
     Mary = "Marie" ;
     Love = {v = "heeft" ; p = "lief"} ;
 }

```

### Variable and inherent features, agreement, Unicode support

For Hebrew, NP has gender as its **inherent feature**   a field in the record. VP has gender as its **variable feature**   an argument of a table. In predication, the VP receives the gender of the NP.

**Concrete syntax: Hebrew**

```
 concrete ZeroHeb of Zero = {
     flags coding=utf8 ;
   lincat
     S = Str ;
     NP = {s : Str ; g : Gender} ;
     VP, V2 = Gender => Str ;
   lin
     Pred np vp = np.s ++ vp ! np.g ;
     Compl v2 np = table {g => v2 ! g ++ "את" ++ np.s} ;
     John = {s = "ג׳ון" ; g = Masc} ;
     Mary = {s = "מרי" ; g = Fem} ;
     Love = table {Masc => "אוהב" ; Fem => "אוהבת"} ;
   param
     Gender = Masc | Fem ;
 }

```

### Visualizing parse trees

GF has inbuilt functions which can be used for visualizing parse trees and word alignments.

The following commands will generate parse trees for the given phrases and open the produced PNG image using the system's `eog` command.

```
> parse -lang=Eng "John loves Mary" | visualize_parse -view="eog"
> parse -lang=Dut "Jan heeft Marie lief" | visualize_parse -view="eog"

```

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

### Generating word alignment

1. In languages L1 and L2: link every word with its smallest spanning subtree.
2. Delete the intervening tree, combining links directly from L1 to L2.

In general, this gives phrase alignment. Links can be crossing, phrases can be discontinuous. The `align_words` command follows a similar syntax:

```
> parse -lang=Fre "Marie aime Jean" | align_words -lang=Fre,Dut,Lat -view="eog"

```

## Resource Grammar Library

In natural language applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The GF Resource Grammar Library is the standard library for Grammatical Framework. It covers the morphology and basic syntax for an increasing number of languages, currently including Afrikaans, Amharic (partial), Arabic (partial), Basque (partial), Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Czech (partial), Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek ancient (partial), Greek modern, Hebrew (fragments), Hindi, Hungarian (partial), Interlingua, Italian, Japanese, Korean (partial), Latin (partial), Latvian, Maltese, Mongolian, Nepali, Norwegian bokmål, Norwegian nynorsk, Persian, Polish, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Sindhi, Slovak (partial), Slovene (partial), Somali (partial), Spanish, Swahili (fragments), Swedish, Thai, Turkish (fragments), and Urdu. In addition, 14 languages have WordNet lexicon and large-scale parsing extensions.

A full API documentation of the library can be found at the RGL Synopsis page. The RGL status document gives the languages currently available in the GF Resource Grammar Library, including their maturity.

## Uses of GF

GF was first created in 1998 at Xerox Research Centre Europe, Grenoble, in the project Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including a restaurant phrase book, a database query system, a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.

Later projects using GF and involving third parties include:

* REMU: Reliable Multilingual Digital Communication, a project funded by the Swedish Research Council between 2013–2017.
* MOLTO: multilingual online translation, an EU project that ran between 2010–2013.
* SALDO: Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and Functional Morphology
* WebAlt: multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
* TALK: multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems

Academically, GF has been used in many PhD theses and resulted in a lot of scientific publications (see the GF publication list for some of them).

Commercially, GF has been used by a number of companies, in domains such as e-commerce, health care and translating formal specifications to natural language.

## Community

### Developer mailing list

There is an active group for developers and users of GF alike, located at https://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev

### Summer schools

#### 2020 – GF as a resource for Computational Law (Singapore)

The seventh GF summer school, postponed due to COVID-19, is to be held in Singapore. Co-organised with the Singapore Management University's Centre for Computational Law, the summer school will have a special focus on computational law.

#### 2018 – Sixth GF Summer School (Stellenbosch, South Africa)

The sixth GF summer school was the first one held outside Europe. The major themes of the summer school were African language resources, and the growing usage of GF in commercial applications.

#### 2017 – GF in a Full Stack of Language Technology (Riga, Latvia)

The fifth GF summer school was held in Riga, Latvia. This summer school had a number of participant from startups, presenting industrial use cases of GF.

#### 2016 – Summer School in Rule-Based Machine Translation (Alicante, Spain)

GF was one of the four platforms featured at the Summer School in Rule-Based Machine Translation, along with Apertium, Matxin and TectoMT.

#### 2015 – Fourth GF Summer School (Gozo, Malta)

The fourth GF summer school was held on Gozo island in Malta. Like the previous edition in 2013, this summer school featured collaborations with other resources, such as Apertium and FrameNet.

#### 2013 – Scaling Up Grammatical Resources (Lake Chiemsee, Germany)

The third GF Summer school, was held on Frauenchiemsee island in Bavaria, Germany with the special theme "Scaling up Grammar Resources". This summer school focused on extending the existing resource grammars with the ultimate goal of dealing with any text in the supported languages. Lexicon extension is an obvious part of this work, but also new grammatical constructions were also of interest. There was a special interest in porting resources from other open-source approaches, such as WordNets and Apertium, and reciprocally making GF resources easily reusable in other approaches.

#### 2011 – Frontiers of Multilingual Technologies (Barcelona, Spain)

The second GF Summer school, subtitled *Frontiers of Multilingual Technologies* was held in 2011 in Barcelona, Spain. It was sponsored by CLT, the Centre for Language Technology of the University of Gothenburg, and by UPC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. The School addressed new languages and also promoted ongoing work in those languages which are already under construction. Missing EU languages were especially encouraged.

The school began with a 2-day GF tutorial, serving those interested in getting an introduction to GF or an overview of on-going work.

All results of the summer school are available as open-source software released under the LGPL license.

#### 2009 – GF Summer School (Gothenburg, Sweden)

The first GF summer school was held in 2009 in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was a collaborative effort to create grammars of new languages in Grammatical Framework, GF. These grammars were added to the Resource Grammar Library, which previously had 12 languages. Around 10 new languages are already under construction, and the School aimed to address 23 new languages. All results of the Summer School were made available as open-source software released under the LGPL license.

The summer school was organized by the Language Technology Group at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. The group is a part of the Centre of Language Technology, a focus research area of the University of Gothenburg.

The code created by the school participants is made accessible in the GF darcs repository, subdirectory contrib/summerschool.


title: Patolandia nuclear

abstract: Patolandia nuclear is a 1978 Argentine comedy film directed by Julio Saraceni.

text:
# Patolandia nuclear

***Patolandia nuclear*** is a 1978 Argentine comedy film directed by Julio Saraceni.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Patolandia nuclear | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Julio Saraceni |
| Written by | Héctor Maselli |
| Cinematography | Julio C. Lavera |
| Edited by | Gerardo Rinaldi |
| Music by | Mike Ribas |
| Release date | * 1978 (1978) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | Argentina |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Tân Vạn, Biên Hòa

abstract: Tân Vạn is a ward located in Biên Hòa city of Đồng Nai province, Vietnam. It has an area of about 4.3km2 and the population in 2018 was 14,086.

text:
# Tân Vạn, Biên Hòa

**Tân Vạn** is a ward located in Biên Hòa city of Đồng Nai province, Vietnam. It has an area of about 4.3km2 and the population in 2018 was 14,086.

## InfoBox

| Tân Vạn | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward (Viet Nam) | |
| Tân VạnLocation in Vietnam | |
| Coordinates: 10°54′43″N 106°49′34″E / 10.91194°N 106.82611°E / 10.91194; 106.82611 | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Province | Đồng Nai |
| provincial city | Biên Hòa |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.7 sq mi (4.3 km2) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 14,086 |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (UTC+7) |


abstract: Pilot Grove Township is a township in Faribault County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 182 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Pilot Grove Township, Faribault County, Minnesota

**Pilot Grove Township** is a township in Faribault County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 182 at the 2000 census.

## History

Pilot Grove Township was organized in 1856, and named from a nearby grove of trees which stood as a landmark to pioneer travelers.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.2 km2), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 182 people, 73 households, and 55 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.1 people per square mile (2.0/km2). There were 80 housing units at an average density of 2.2/sq mi (0.9/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.35% White, 1.10% African American, and 0.55% from two or more races.

There were 71 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,500, and the maximum income for a family was $47,500. Males had a median income of $30,875 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,876. About 4.2% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Pilot Grove Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Pilot Grove TownshipLocation within the state of MinnesotaPilot Grove TownshipPilot Grove Township (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 43°32′10″N 94°11′51″W / 43.53611°N 94.19750°W / 43.53611; -94.19750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Faribault |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.0 sq mi (93.2 km2) |
| Land | 36.0 sq mi (93.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,122 ft (342 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 182 |
| Density | 5.1/sq mi (2.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 27-50974 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0665299 |


title: Ramón Kobashigawa

abstract: Ramón Kobashigawa Kobashigawa (24 August 1939 – 12 July 2019) was a Peruvian Fujimorist politician and a former Congressman, representing the La Libertad Region between 2011 and 2016 under the Popular Force party.

text:
# Ramón Kobashigawa

**Ramón Kobashigawa Kobashigawa** (24 August 1939 – 12 July 2019) was a Peruvian Fujimorist politician and a former Congressman, representing the La Libertad Region between 2011 and 2016 under the Popular Force party.

## Early life and education

He carried out his primary studies at the Miguel Grau School and secondary school at the Seminary School San Carlos and San Marcelo and at the San Juan de Trujillo National School. He then studied at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the National University of Trujillo obtaining the title of Public Accountant.

## Political career

### Congressman

In the 2011 elections, he ran for a seat in Congress under the Force 2011 party of Keiko Fujimori, representing La Libertad and was elected for the 2011–2016 term.

## Death

He died on 12 July 2020 at the age of 79, a few weeks before he turned 80.

## InfoBox

| Ramón Kobashigawa | |
| --- | --- |
| Ramón Kobashigawa | |
|  | |
| Member of Congress | |
| **In office**
26 July 2011  26 July 2016 | |
| Constituency | La Libertad |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ramón Kobashigawa Kobashigawa
(1939-08-24)24 August 1939
Trujillo, Peru |
| Died | 12 July 2019(2019-07-12) (aged 79)
Trujillo, Peru |
| Political party | Popular Force |
| Other political
affiliations | Alliance for Progress
Vamos Vecino |
| Alma mater | National University of Trujillo |
| Occupation | Politician |
|  | |


title: Range Renegades

abstract: Range Renegades is a 1948 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by Ronald Davidson and William Lively. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Jennifer Holt, Riley Hill, Dennis Moore, and John James. The film was released on June 6, 1948, by Monogram Pictures.

text:
# Range Renegades

***Range Renegades*** is a 1948 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by Ronald Davidson and William Lively. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Jennifer Holt, Riley Hill, Dennis Moore, and John James. The film was released on June 6, 1948, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Range Renegades | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Lambert Hillyer |
| Screenplay by | Ronald Davidson
William Lively |
| Produced by | Louis Gray |
| Starring | Jimmy Wakely
Dub Taylor
Jennifer Holt
Riley Hill
Dennis Moore
John James |
| Cinematography | Harry Neumann |
| Edited by | Carl Pierson |
| Production
company | Monogram Pictures |
| Distributed by | Monogram Pictures |
| Release date | * June 6, 1948 (1948-06-06) |
| Running time | 54 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Katim Touré

abstract: Katim Touré is a Senegalese sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 metres. Touré was a star of the 2005 African Junior Championships, where he won the 100 metres gold as well as 200 meters and relay silver medals. In the same year he competed at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games, and while still a junior he competed in three events at the 2006 World Junior Championships. He reached the semi-final in the 100 metres at the 2007 All-Africa Games and the 2008 African Championships. At the 2015 African Games he competed in the heats of the 100 and 200 metres. His personal best times are 10.39 seconds in the 100 metres, achieved in June 2013 in Montgeron; and 21.02 seconds in the 200 metres, achieved in June 2015 in Ivry-sur-Seine.

text:
# Katim Touré

**Katim Touré** (born 2 January 1987) is a Senegalese sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 metres.

Touré was a star of the 2005 African Junior Championships, where he won the 100 metres gold as well as 200 meters and relay silver medals. In the same year he competed at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games, and while still a junior he competed in three events at the 2006 World Junior Championships.

He reached the semi-final in the 100 metres at the 2007 All-Africa Games and the 2008 African Championships. At the 2015 African Games he competed in the heats of the 100 and 200 metres.

His personal best times are 10.39 seconds in the 100 metres, achieved in June 2013 in Montgeron; and 21.02 seconds in the 200 metres, achieved in June 2015 in Ivry-sur-Seine.


title: Keisei 3400 series

abstract: Keisei 3400 series The Keisei 3400 series (京成3400形) is a three-door commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway in the Tokyo area of Japan since 1993.

text:
# Keisei 3400 series

The **Keisei 3400 series** (京成3400形) is a three-door commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway in the Tokyo area of Japan since 1993.

## Operations

The 3400 series often run on Keisei Main Line services, as well as through services onto the Toei Asakusa Line, Keikyu Main Line, Keikyu Airport Line, and Hokuso Line. The trains do not typically run on the Narita Sky Access Line.

## Formations

As of 1 April 2016, the fleet consists of five eight-car sets, formed as shown below, with six motored cars.

| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Designation | M2c | M1 | T | M2 | M1' | T | M1 | M2c |
| Numbering | 34x1 | 34x2 | 34x3 | 34x4 | 34x5 | 34x6 | 34x7 | 34x8 |

Cars 2 and 7 are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs, while car 5 has one.

## History

The 3400 series trains entered service in 1993, and were built using the underframes and control equipment from the original AE series *Skyliner* Limited Express EMUs and steel bodies based on the (stainless steel bodied) 3700 series EMUs. Construction continued until 1995.

### Withdrawal

Following the introduction of new 3100 series EMUs for use on Narita Sky Access Line services, Keisei began relegating its 3050 series fleet to mainline operations, thus resulting in the 3400 series fleet being withdrawn from 2020. As of September 2023, one 3400 series set remains in operation.

## InfoBox

| Keisei 3400 series | |
| --- | --- |
| Keisei 3400 series in September 2020 | |
| Manufacturer | Daiei Sharyo |
| Constructed | 1993–1995 |
| Entered service | 1993 |
| Scrapped | 2020– |
| Number built | 40 vehicles (5 sets) |
| Number in service | 8 vehicles (1 set) |
| Number scrapped | 32 vehicles (4 sets) |
| Formation | 8 cars per set |
| Fleet numbers | 3408–3448 |
| Operators | Keisei Electric Railway |
| Lines served |  |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Steel |
| Car length | 18.00 m (59 ft 1 in) |
| Width | 2.76 m (9 ft 1 in) |
| Height | 4.05 m (13 ft 3 in) |
| Doors | 3 pairs per side |
| Maximum speed | 110 km/h (68 mph) |
| Traction system | Field chopper control |
| Acceleration | 3.3 km/(h⋅s) (2.1 mph/s) |
| Deceleration | 4.0 km/(h⋅s) (2.5 mph/s) |
| Electric system(s) | 1,500 V DC overhead catenary |
| Current collector(s) | Single-arm pantograph |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |


title: Keith Johnson (sailor)

abstract: Keith Littlewood Johnson was a Singaporean sailor. He competed in the Dragon event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Keith Johnson (sailor)

**Keith Littlewood Johnson** (15 February 1897  1960) was a Singaporean sailor. He competed in the Dragon event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Keith Johnson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Keith Littlewood Johnson |
| Nationality | Singaporean |
| Born | (1897-02-15)15 February 1897
Port Frederick, Tasmania, Australia |
| Died | 1960 (aged 6263)
Singapore |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sailing |


title: Kazi Firoz Rashid

abstract: Kazi Firoz Rashid is a Jatiya Party politician and a former member of parliament for Dhaka-6. He started politics from a very early life, when he was in class nine in school he participated in the movement against Pakistan's then President General Ayub Khan's education system. During his study at university he was elected vice president twice.

text:
# Kazi Firoz Rashid

**Kazi Firoz Rashid** (born 2 February 1947) is a Jatiya Party politician and a former member of parliament for Dhaka-6. He started politics from a very early life, when he was in class nine in school he participated in the movement against Pakistan's then President General Ayub Khan's education system. During his study at university he was elected vice president twice.

## Early life

Rashid was born on 2 February 1947. He completed a B.A., M.A., and a LLB. His father, Kazi Mozaffar Hossain, was the founder of Awami League in Gopalganj.

## Career

Rashid was elected to parliament from Dhaka-6 in 2014 and in 2018 Bangladeshi general elections as a candidate of Jatiya Party but Awami League supported. In parliament he criticised Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina for making Hasanul Haq Inu a government minister. He is the president of Bangladesh Surfing Association. He served as the president of Bangladesh Cinema Halls Owners Association.

### Corruption

On 6 April 2016 Anti-Corruption Commission sued Rashid for grabbing the land of diplomat Mohammed Ali in Dhanmondi in 1979.

## InfoBox

| Kazi Firoz Rashid | |
| --- | --- |
| কাজী ফিরোজ রশীদ | |
|  | |
| Member of the Bangladesh Parliament
for Dhaka-6 | |
| **In office**
29 January 2014  29 January 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Mizanur Rahman Khan Dipu |
| Succeeded by | Sayeed Khokon |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-02-02) 2 February 1947 |
| Political party | Jatiya Party |
|  | |


title: Rancid Aluminium

abstract: Rancid Aluminium is a 1999 film based on the 1998 novel of the same name by James Hawes. It was released on January 21, 2000.

text:
# Rancid Aluminium

***Rancid Aluminium*** is a 1999 film based on the 1998 novel of the same name by James Hawes. It was released on January 21, 2000.

## Cast

## Critical reception

Reviews of *Rancid Aluminium* were strongly negative. Peter Bradshaw of *The Guardian* said: "This film succeeds in getting its cast - some of the brightest and best of British character actors, young and old - to give the worst performances imaginable... The plot is all over the place, eventually incomprehensible, and very, very boring." Cosmo Landesman, writing in *The Sunday Times* also gave the film a negative review, describing the film as "a stupid, unfunny and self-satisfied film that should be avoided at all costs". Anne Billson of *The Sunday Telegraph* found the film confusing and derivative: "I couldn't even work out where the film is supposed to be set. Isn't that Portobello Road? Why is Tara Fitzgerald talking about Exeter? And how in hell did we get to this cricket pavilion? Director Ed Thomas appears to have been aiming for the *Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels* crowd, but misses by several billion miles." Some years later, Hawes himself described his own adaptation as "a terrible screenplay".

Discussing *Rancid Aluminium* in an article on British cinema, Jacques Peretti gave an equally harsh assessment: "In many ways, *Rancid Aluminium* is beyond criticism because it is very hard, even after several viewings, to work out what the hell is going on" and that it was "incomprehensible and deeply lacklustre in all departments." Noting the film's negative reception, Peretti went on to argue: "By universal consent, it is the worst film ever made in the UK."

## InfoBox

| Rancid Aluminium | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Ed Thomas |
| Written by | James Hawes |
| Produced by | Mark Thomas and Mike Parker |
| Starring | Rhys Ifans
Joseph Fiennes
Tara FitzGerald
Sadie Frost
Steven Berkoff
Olegar Fedoro
Keith Allen
Dani Behr
Andrew Howard
Nick Moran
Brian Hibbard
Steve Speirs
Pete Davies |
| Cinematography | Tony Imi |
| Edited by | Chris Lawrence |
| Production
company | Ballpark Productions |
| Distributed by | Entertainment Film Distributors (UK and Ireland)
Trimark Pictures (USA & Canada)
Good Machine International (International) |
| Release date | * 20 January 2000 (2000-01-20) (UK) |
| Running time | 91 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $12,000,000 |
| Box office | $4,300,000 |


title: Katsuragaoka Chashi

abstract: Katsuragaoka Chashi in Abashiri, Hokkaidō, Japan, was an Ainu chashi, or a fortified settlement. Occupying an elevated site overlooking the Sea of Okhotsk, the natural changes in elevation of the two mounds upon the plateau were ideal for a fortification. The defensive capability was augmented by the addition of moats. The site is also known as Charanke Chashi (チャランケチャシ). It is now a historical site open to the public and has been designated a national Historic Site.

text:
# Katsuragaoka Chashi

**Katsuragaoka Chashi** (桂ヶ岡砦跡, *Katsuragaoka chashi ato*) in Abashiri, Hokkaidō, Japan, was an Ainu chashi, or a fortified settlement. Occupying an elevated site overlooking the Sea of Okhotsk, the natural changes in elevation of the two mounds upon the plateau were ideal for a fortification. The defensive capability was augmented by the addition of moats. The site is also known as Charanke Chashi (チャランケ（談判）チャシ).

It is now a historical site open to the public and has been designated a national Historic Site.

## InfoBox

Katsuragaoka Chashi
| 桂ヶ岡砦跡 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shown within HokkaidoKatsuragaoka Chashi (Japan) | |
| Location | Abashiri, Hokkaidō, Japan |
| Coordinates | 44°01′05″N 144°16′11″E / 44.017974°N 144.269752°E / 44.017974; 144.269752 |
| Type | Chashi |


title: Kealan Patrick Burke

abstract: Kealan Patrick Burke is an author. Some of his works include the novels Kin, Currency of Souls, Master of the Moors, and The Hides, the novellas The Turtle Boy and Vessels, and the collections Ravenous Ghosts, The Number 121 to Pennsylvania & Others, Theater Macabre and The Novellas. He has also appeared in a number of publications, including Postscripts, Cemetery Dance, Grave Tales, Shivers II, Shivers III, Shivers IV, Looking Glass, Masques V, Subterranean #1, Evermore, Inhuman, Horror World, Surreal Magazine, and Corpse Blossoms. Burke also edited the anthologies: Taverns of the Dead, Brimstone Turnpike, Quietly Now: A Tribute to Charles L. Grant, the charity anthology Tales from the Gorezone and Night Visions 12. In 2008 an 8-minute short film based on his short story "Peekers" was written by author Rick Hautala, and was directed by Mark Steensland. In 2009 Burke played the lead in the independent film "Slime City Massacre", alongside Debbie Rochon. Burke won Best Actor at the 2010 PollyGrind Film Festival with his portrayal of Cory. In 2013 a feature film adaptation of "Peekers" was announced in development with Lionsgate Entertainment, written by Mike Flanagan and Jeff Howard and produced by Lawrence Grey.

text:
# Kealan Patrick Burke

**Kealan Patrick Burke** (born in Dungarvan, Ireland) is an author. Some of his works include the novels *Kin*, *Currency of Souls*, *Master of the Moors*, and *The Hides* (Bram Stoker Award nominee), the novellas *The Turtle Boy* (Bram Stoker Award Winner, 2004) and *Vessels*, and the collections *Ravenous Ghosts*, *The Number 121 to Pennsylvania & Others*, *Theater Macabre* and *The Novellas*. He has also appeared in a number of publications, including *Postscripts*, *Cemetery Dance*, *Grave Tales*, *Shivers II*, *Shivers III*, *Shivers IV*, *Looking Glass*, *Masques V*, *Subterranean #1*, *Evermore*, *Inhuman*, *Horror World*, *Surreal* Magazine, and *Corpse Blossoms*. Burke also edited the anthologies: *Taverns of the Dead* (recipient of a starred review in *Publishers Weekly*), *Brimstone Turnpike*, *Quietly Now: A Tribute to Charles L. Grant* (International Horror Guild Award nominee, 2004), the charity anthology *Tales from the Gorezone* and *Night Visions 12*.

In 2008 an 8-minute short film based on his short story "Peekers" was written by author Rick Hautala, and was directed by Mark Steensland. In 2009 Burke played the lead in the independent film "Slime City Massacre", alongside Debbie Rochon. Burke won Best Actor at the 2010 PollyGrind Film Festival with his portrayal of Cory. In 2013 a feature film adaptation of "Peekers" was announced in development with Lionsgate Entertainment, written by Mike Flanagan and Jeff Howard ("Oculus", "Soma") and produced by Lawrence Grey.

## InfoBox

| Kealan Patrick Burke | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Kealan Patrick Burke
(1976-08-04) 4 August 1976
Dungarvan, County Waterford, Ireland |
| Occupation | Writer, Anthologist, Photographer, Book cover designer. |
| Genre | Crime fiction, Mystery fiction, Dark fantasy, Horror fiction |
| Notable works | The Timmy Quinn series, Kin |
| Website | |
| kealanpatrickburke.com | |


title: Rancho El Toro

abstract: Rancho El Toro was a 5,668-acre (22.94 km⁲) Mexican land grant in present day Monterey County, California given in 1835 by Governor José Castro to José Ramón Estrada. The grant extended along Toro Creek south of Hill Town on the Salinas River.

text:
# Rancho El Toro

**Rancho El Toro** was a 5,668-acre (22.94 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Monterey County, California given in 1835 by Governor José Castro to José Ramón Estrada. The grant extended along Toro Creek south of Hill Town on the Salinas River.

## History

José Ramón Estrada (1811-1845), son of José Mariano Estrada, grantee of Rancho Buena Vista, was born in Monterey. Ramón Estrada was administrator of Mission Santa Clara in 1835. He received the one and a half square league Rancho El Toro in 1835. Estrada married Maria Gregoria Castro. He was alcalde of Monterey in 1836, and grantee of Rancho San Simeon in 1842. Estrada died in 1845.

Charles Wolter was a German captain of a Mexican vessel, and settled in Monterey in 1833. He married Joséfa Antonia Estrada de Gomez (1813-1890), a daughter of José Mariano Estrada, grantee of Rancho Buena Vista. Joséfa Antonia Estrada was the sister of José Ramón Estrada, and widow of Rafael Gomez (1784-1838), grantee of Rancho Tularcitos.

With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho El Toro was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Charles Wolter in 1862.

After the death of Charles Wolter, his widow sold Rancho El Toro to David Jacks in 1880.

36°35′24″N 121°43′12″W / 36.590°N 121.720°W / 36.590; -121.720


title: Keeaumoku II

abstract: George Cox Kahekili Keʻeaumoku II or Keʻeaumoku ʻOpio (1784–1824) was part of an influential family at the time of the founding of the Kingdom of Hawaii. he served as a military leader, and then became a convert to Christianity and Royal Governor of Maui. He is sometimes called Keʻeaumoku III if Keʻeaumoku Nui is counted as Keʻeaumoku I and Keʻeaumoku Pāpaʻiahiahi is counted Keʻeaumoku II instead.

text:
# Keeaumoku II

**George Cox Kahekili Keʻeaumoku II** or **Keʻeaumoku ʻOpio** (1784–1824) was part of an influential family at the time of the founding of the Kingdom of Hawaii. he served as a military leader, and then became a convert to Christianity and Royal Governor of Maui. He is sometimes called Keʻeaumoku III if Keʻeaumoku Nui is counted as Keʻeaumoku I and Keʻeaumoku Pāpaʻiahiahi is counted Keʻeaumoku II instead.

## Life

He was born probably in 1784. His father was Keʻeaumoku Pāpaʻiahiahi (1736–1804), a noble from Hawaiʻi Island, and his mother was Nāmāhānaʻi Kaleleokalani, the wife of her half-brother the King of Maui, Kamehameha Nui. From his mother he was a related to many of the kings of Maui.

His father had been a counsellor and supporter of Kamehameha I during his early years. As the eldest son of Keʻeaumoku, he succeed his father as a counsellor during the last years of Kamehameha's campaigns in 1804. He was appointed governor of Maui and adjacent islands of Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi and Kahoʻolawe by Kamehameha I, also taking over for his father. Some early writers spell his name "Keaumoku". He served as Commander and Admiral of the King's Fleet and fought in the Battle of Nu'uanu along with Isaac Davis.

His siblings became notable leaders in various roles. His older sister Kaʻahumanu became a Queen consort of Kamehameha I, and after Kamehameha I's death served as Queen Regent. Another older sister Queen Kalākua Kaheiheimālie, and a younger sister Lydia Namahana Piʻia also became royal wives. Younger brother Kalua-i-Konahale Kuakini took the name "John Adams" and became Royal Governor of Hawaiʻi island.

As the custom with royalty of the time, he took multiple wives. His first two were Kekuauaea and Akahi, the aunt who later willed her vast lands to Bernice Pauahi Bishop. Around 1821 he became the first husband of Grace Kamaʻikuʻi Young when she was in her teens, later the foster mother of Emma Rooke.

His reputation for extracting as much tax as the commoners could bear led to his nickname *Puʻu Nui* ("Great Pile"). The name refers to the rotting piles of excess goods outside his storehouses. In the true Hawaiian double entendre, the name also accurately described his physique: members of his family were known to be enormous.

He took the name "Cox", after the first British sea captain to befriend him, Harold Cox, and "George" after King King George IV. He was usually called "Governor Cox" by foreigners. He learned English, and considered a friend of the European and American traders. The Maui port of Lāhainā became a popular port of call for whaling ships in his tenure, and served as capital of the kingdom 1820–1845. Captain Harold Cox would marry into Hawaiian royalty, and his daughter would marry Chief Hoʻolulu, another former Kamehameha advisor.

He was among the first to house the Protestant missionaries that had arrived from Boston in 1820. His knowledge of English made him a valuable interpreter. He attended public worship and collected the people together by ringing a large bell. They devised a writing system and he quickly learned to read and write.

The first printing was done in a grass-roofed hut in Honolulu at the site that is now Kawaiahaʻo Church in the afternoon of January 7, 1822. The lever to begin the printing process was pulled by Keʻeaumoku in the presence of Elisha Loomis, printer; the reverend Hiram Bingham; and James Hunnewell, mission benefactor. This first printing was the beginning of the Mission Press, which eventually printed millions of pages, most in the Hawaiian language.

An English visitor in 1821 gives the following account of Keʻeaumoku II:

> This morning I went to Cox,... I expected to find him, as usual, either sleeping, or smoking, or drinking, or busy trafficking like myself. The door of his hut was half open, and I was about to enter unceremoniously, when a scene, too striking ever to be forgotten, and which would require the hand of a master painter to do it justice suddenly arrested my attention.
>
> About a dozen natives, of both sexes, were seated in a circle on the matted floor of the apartment, and, in the midst of them, sat John Honoree the Hawaiian catechist. All eyes were bent upon him; and the variously expressive features of each individual marked the degree of interest which had been excited in his mind. So absorbed, indeed, were they in the business which had assembled them, that my abrupt appearance at the door, created for some time neither interruption nor remark. The speaker held in his hand the Gospel of St. John, as published at Tahiti, and was endeavouring, by signs and familiar illustrations, to render its contents easy of comprehension. His simple yet energetic manner added weight to his opinion, and proved that he spoke, from personal conviction, the sincere and unpremeditated language of the heart.
>
> The Chief himself stood in the back ground, a little apart from the rest, leaning upon the shoulder of an attendant. A gleam of light suddenly fell upon his countenance, and disclosed features on which wonder, anxiety, and seriousness, were imprinted in the strongest characters. He wore no other dress than the *malo* round his waist; but his tall athletic form, and dignified demeanour, marked at one glance his rank and superiority over all around. One hand was raised instinctively to his head, in apensive attitude; his knitted brows bespoke intense thought, and his piercing eyes were fixed upon the speaker, with an inquiring, penetrating look, as much as to say, 'Can what you say be really true?' I gazed for some moments with mute astonishment, turning my regards from one to the other, and dreading to intrude upon the privacy of persons so usefully employed. At last, the chief turned round, and motioned with his hand, in a dignified manner, for me to withdraw. I did so; but carried away in my heart the remembrance of a scene, to which the place, the people and the occasion, united in attaching a peculiar interest.
>
> I learned, afterwards, that Cox had promised to build a school house, and present it to the missionaries for their use. A donation, which, considering his acknowledged love of money, affords no mean proof that his inquiries into the truth of the new religion had not been altogether fruitless.

## Illness and death

He suffered frequent attacks of disease in the last years. The illness which immediately preceded his dissolution was painful, and somewhat protracted. At first some of the chiefs believed him to be suffering from sorcery. He was brought to the island of Oahu to be treated by foreign physicians. It was there missionary William Ellis visited him daily and sometimes observed him praying. He wished to be baptized on his deathbed. Ellis thought it proper to decline, or he and the Hawaiians would think there was a saving efficacy connect to that Christian rite or that it would secure the soul's acceptance with God. He died at Pakaka in Honolulu, Oahu on March 23, 1824. His brother Kuakini had his body moved back by ship to Kailua-Kona on the night of his death, leaving Reverend Bingham to conduct his funeral service over an empty coffin. A funeral was held in Kuakini's house where the chiefs gathered to mourn and the Reverend Asa Thurston and Bishop attended prayers for him.

## Ancestry

## Further reading

## External Resources

## InfoBox

| Cox Keʻeaumoku II | |
| --- | --- |
| *Governor of Maui* | |
| *Governor Cox of Maui*, ink and watercolor over graphite by Adrien Taunay the Younger, 1819 | |
| Born | 1784 |
| Died | March 23, 1824
Honolulu |
| Burial | Kailua-Kona |
| Spouse | Kekuaiaea
Akahi
Peleuli II
ʻIkanaka-o-Kikilo
Ku
Grace Kamaʻikuʻi Young |
| Names  "George Cox" Kahekili Keʻeaumoku II | |
| Father | Chief Keʻeaumoku Pāpaʻiahiahi |
| Mother | Nāmāhānaʻi Kaleleokalani |


title: Keeble v Hickeringill

abstract: Keeble v Hickeringill (1707) 103 ER 1127 is a famous English property law and tort law case about rights to wild animals.

text:
# Keeble v Hickeringill

***Keeble v Hickeringill*** (1707) 103 ER 1127 is a famous English property law and tort law case about rights to wild animals.

## Facts

Samuel Keeble (the plaintiff) owned property called Minott's Meadow, which contained a pond outfitted with nets and channels in a manner used to catch large numbers of commercially viable ducks. This type of pond served as a sort of "duck trap" and was known as a decoy. Tame ducks were used to lure their wild counterparts into the decoy.

On three occasions, defendant Edmund Hickeringill, while on his own land, discharged firearms toward Keeble's pond in order to scare away the ducks.

## Judgment

Chief Justice Holt sustained the action of trespass on the case, because every person has the right to put his property to use for his own pleasure and profit. If Hickeringill had built a decoy on his own land near Keeble's meadow to draw away ducks (which, in fact, he had done previous to the construction of Keeble's own decoy and may have lent some cause as to Hickeringill's harassing actions), no action could be taken, because Hickeringill would have just as much right to set up a decoy on his own property as Keeble does on his. But, Hickeringill actively disturbed the ducks on Keeble's land, thereby causing damages in that,

> he that hinders another in his trade or livelihood is liable.

Furthermore, Keeble had gone through the expense of setting up the decoy and nets, and to allow Hickeringill to disturb the profitable use of the land was bad for commerce. When a person hinders another's use of his own property for profit, it is actionable, even if there is no physical trespassing. Thus, Justice Holt concluded that

> in short, that which is the true reason for this action is not brought to recover damage for the loss of the fowl, but for the disturbance.

On appeal, made by Hickeringill the verdict was re-affirmed without any change. Keeble won a verdict of £20.

In the later House of Lords case of *Allen v Flood,* the Lords held that *Keeble v Hickeringill* was just a nuisance case, and not an economic torts case.

## InfoBox

| Keeble v Hickeringill | |
| --- | --- |
| Duck hunting | |
| Court | Queen's Bench |
| Decided | 1707 |
| Citation | (1707) 11 East 574; 103 ER 1127 |
| Case history | |
| Prior action | Plaintiff won £20 at trial |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | Holt, C.J. |


abstract: The Randolph County School System (RCSS) is a school district headquartered in Asheboro, North Carolina, United States. It serves Randolph County, except for the City of Asheboro, which is served by Asheboro City Schools.

text:
# Randolph County School System (North Carolina)

The **Randolph County School System** (**RCSS**) is a school district headquartered in Asheboro, North Carolina, United States. It serves Randolph County, except for the City of Asheboro, which is served by Asheboro City Schools.

## History

In 2013 the district board voted 5-2 to ban *Invisible Man* from the school libraries. Gary Mason, a board member, said that he "didn’t find any literary value." The board vote occurred after a parent of an 11th grade student at Randleman High School complained about the book. After immediate outrage from residents and negative national coverage, the board voted 6-1 to reverse the decision within two weeks.

## Schools

### High schools

Zoned

Other

### Middle schools

* Trinity Middle School
* Wheatmore Middle School
* Northeastern Randolph Middle School
* Randleman Middle School
* Southeastern Randolph Middle School
* Southwestern Randolph Middle School
* Uwharrie Middle School

### Elementary schools

* Archdale Elementary School
* Coleridge Elementary School
* Farmer Elementary School
* Franklinville Elementary School
* Grays Chapel Elementary School
* Hopewell Elementary School
* John Lawrence Elementary School
* Level Cross Elementary School
* Liberty Elementary School
* New Market Elementary School
* Ramseur Elementary School
* Randleman Elementary School
* Seagrove Elementary School
* Southmont Elementary School
* Tabernacle Elementary School
* Trindale Elementary School
* Trinity Elementary School


title: Randolph County State Recreation Area

abstract: Randolph County State Recreation Area is an Illinois state park on 1,101 acres (446 ha) in Randolph County, Illinois, United States.

text:
# Randolph County State Recreation Area

**Randolph County State Recreation Area** is an Illinois state park on 1,101 acres (446 ha) in Randolph County, Illinois, United States.

* "Randolph County State Recreation Area". Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
* USGS. "USGS Welge (IL) Quad". TopoQuest. Retrieved July 5, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Randolph County State Recreation Area | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
| Map of the U.S. state of Illinois showing the location of Randolph County State Recreation AreaRandolph County State Recreation Area (the United States) | |
| Location | Randolph County, Illinois, USA |
| Nearest city | Chester, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 37°58′39″N 89°48′02″W / 37.97750°N 89.80056°W / 37.97750; -89.80056 |
| Area | 1,101 acres (446 ha) |
| Established | 1958 |
| Governing body | Illinois Department of Natural Resources |


abstract: Keep the River on Your Right: A Modern Cannibal Tale is a 2000 documentary film about the travels of American anthropologist and artist Tobias Schneebaum, directed by brother-and-sister filmmakers David Shapiro and Laurie Gwen Shapiro.

text:
# Keep the River on Your Right: A Modern Cannibal Tale

***Keep the River on Your Right: A Modern Cannibal Tale*** is a 2000 documentary film about the travels of American anthropologist and artist Tobias Schneebaum, directed by brother-and-sister filmmakers David Shapiro and Laurie Gwen Shapiro.

## Content

Taking its title from his 1969 book, *Keep the River on Your Right*, the film covers material from several of Schneebaum's other books and articles. In the film, Schneebaum, by then an elderly man, revisits two cannibal tribes—one in Papua New Guinea and the other in the jungles of Peru—with whom he had lived several years each as a young man. He and the filmmakers manage to locate a few of the individuals he had known well during those periods.

## Personal participation

Schneebaum is remarkably honest about his same-sex relationships with members of both tribes, his childhood fetishizing of cannibalism, and his actual tasting of human flesh with one group. His extensive training in art allowed him to bond with different cultures he studied through sharing carving and painting techniques.

## Awards

The film won a 2001 Independent Spirit Award.


title: Keenaght (townland)

abstract: Keenaght is a townland lying within the civil parish of Kilcronaghan, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies in the south of the parish on the boundary with the civil parish of Desertmartin, and it is bounded by the townlands of: Coolsaragh, Cullion, Gortahurk, Longfield, and Tintagh. It was apportioned to the Drapers company. The townland was part of Tobermore electoral ward of the former Magherafelt District Council, however in 1901 and 1926 it was part of Iniscarn district electoral division as part of the Draperstown dispensary (registrar's) district of Magherafelt Rural District. As part of Kilcronaghan civil parish, Keenaght also lies in the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

text:
# Keenaght (townland)

**Keenaght** (locally \[ˌkʲiːnəx\], from Irish  *Caonach* 'mossy place') is a townland lying within the civil parish of Kilcronaghan, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies in the south of the parish on the boundary with the civil parish of Desertmartin, and it is bounded by the townlands of: Coolsaragh, Cullion, Gortahurk, Longfield, and Tintagh. It was apportioned to the Drapers company.

The townland was part of Tobermore electoral ward of the former Magherafelt District Council, however in 1901 and 1926 it was part of Iniscarn district electoral division as part of the Draperstown dispensary (registrar's) district of Magherafelt Rural District. As part of Kilcronaghan civil parish, Keenaght also lies in the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

## Etymology

The present name of this townland, Keenaght, is very likely a reformed analogy of the neighbouring barony of Keenaght, with scribal errors adding a *t* to the end of anglicisations of its name such as with Tonaght in the neighbouring parish of Ballynascreen, which actually derives from *Tonach*. It is more reasonably suggested that Keenaght derives from the synonym *Coanna* with the adjectival suffix *-ach* added to it. This derivation is supported by the majority of earlier recorded forms.

## History

## InfoBox

| Keenaght | |
| --- | --- |
| townland | |
| Irish transcription(s) | |
| Derivation: | *Caonach* |
| Meaning: | "Mossy place" |
|  | |
| KeenaghtKeenaght shown within Northern IrelandKeenaghtKeenaght (the United Kingdom) | |
| Coordinates: 54°45′54″N 6°44′06″W / 54.765°N 6.735°W / 54.765; -6.735 | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| County | County Londonderry |
| Barony | Loughinsholin |
| Civil parish | Kilcronaghan |
| Plantation grant | Drapers Company |
| First recorded | 1609 |
| Government | |
| Council | Mid Ulster District |
| Ward | Tobermore |
| Area | |
| Total | 308.56 acres (124.87 ha) |
| Irish grid ref | H8191 |


title: Keetje Tippel

abstract: Katie Tippel is a 1975 film by Paul Verhoeven. The film is based on the memoirs of Neel Doff (1858–1942) and was the most expensive Dutch film produced up to that time. The film was a box office success, being the number one film in the Netherlands for the year with 1.8 million admissions, and one of the top 10 most popular Dutch films of all time at the time.

text:
# Keetje Tippel

***Katie Tippel*** (Dutch title: ***Keetje Tippel***) is a 1975 film by Paul Verhoeven. The film is based on the memoirs of Neel Doff (1858–1942) and was the most expensive Dutch film produced up to that time. The film was a box office success, being the number one film in the Netherlands for the year with 1.8 million admissions, and one of the top 10 most popular Dutch films of all time at the time.

## Plot

The film begins in 1881 at Stavoren, a small Dutch rural town in the province of Friesland, and follows Katie's family to Amsterdam, where they hope to escape grinding poverty by finding work. Upon their arrival Katie secures employment at a dye-works, but is fired when she refuses to have sex with the director. She finds a job at a hat shop, where, during a business trip to a brothel, she discovers her older sister Mina working there. Later that evening, back at the hat shop, she is brutally raped by the owner and, in revenge, smashes the shop window.

Weeks go by, during which Katie's father works in a factory on low pay and Mina descends into alcoholism. While attempting to steal bread, Katie is knocked unconscious by a policeman and taken to a sanitorium. It becomes apparent that her body is her only asset as a doctor diagnoses tuberculosis, but refuses treatment unless she sleeps with him. It is unclear whether this occurs, but on her discharge Katie rejoins her family and discovers her father has been sacked and her sister is too drunk to sleep with clients. Katie's mother decides that, rather than the family starve, Katie must also go into prostitution.

Her first client is a gentleman, whom Katie does not satisfy due to her inexperience. Her second client, an artist called George, takes her to his studio to pose for a painting depicting a Socialist revolution. He pays her the rate they negotiated for her services, but tells her he only wants her to model. He introduces Katie to Hugo, a banker, and Andre, a wealthy socialist, and they head to a nightclub for a meal. Katie's re-education has begun. Andre is attracted to Katie, but she seems enamoured with Hugo, with whom she goes home and sleeps. Hugo provides Katie with money for a new dress and they arrange to meet in the park. It is here that Katie's former life threatens to catch up with her when the gentleman she approached a few days earlier recognises her and informs Hugo he knew Katie when she only cost fifty cents. Hugo punches him, refusing to believe his story and promises Katie that she can move in with him "forever". Katie goes to see her family, informing them she intends to leave. Her mother asks how she will feed the children if Katie's not there to provide. Katie tells her mother she "should have fucked less" and storms out, kicking her hysterical mother who tries to prevent her from leaving.

Once at Hugo's, Katie settles into the life of the bourgeoisie but is soon troubled at having to go spying on some of Amsterdam's less affluent shop owners to see whom Hugo should refuse credit to. After being exposed in a coffee shop, and as a result, hot chocolate is thrown in her face, Katie tells Hugo she will not do his dirty work anymore. Very soon Hugo informs Katie that he intends to marry the daughter of the director of the bank he works at. Although Hugo proposes an arrangement even after he will marry, Katie runs out onto the street and joins in a socialist march. The police arrive to break it up, opening fire on the marchers. During the confusion, Katie is reunited with George and Andre who are also present. Andre is shot in the arm and collapses, hitting his head. George takes them to a carriage waiting nearby and Andre and Katie board it, taking them to Andre's country mansion. Katie stays with him and, when he awakes, it becomes apparent that romance will blossom between the two. They discuss the subject of money, Katie telling Andre that "money turns people into bastards". When Andre's headwound begins to bleed, Katie informs Andre that the best cure is to suck the blood. "That's better", she says, a sliver of blood running from the corner of her mouth. The picture freezes and a roller-caption appears informing us that the film is based on true events from the life of Neel Doff and that "her indomitable spirit lives on in this film".

## Cast

## Original ending

The film was to feature an epilogue set several years in the future where Katie, now married to Andre, would be sat reading. As the noise from those starving in the street becomes unbearable, Katie rises and closes the open window to shut out the sound. Her journey is now complete, Katie becoming one of the "bastards" she despises. However, producer Rob Houwer decided this was too downbeat as an ending, so it was never filmed.

## Production

Gerard Soeteman's original script for the film was substantially longer, Katie's journey mirroring the growth of Socialism in the Netherlands during the late 19th century. Owing to budgetary restrictions from the Dutch Government and Rob Houwer many of the more lavish scenes were cut, placing the emphasis less upon the period the film is set than upon Katie herself.

## Music

The soundtrack was composed by Rogier van Otterloo, but unlike other film music was never published on LP. Only years later when a CD was released with the collected works of Van Otterloo, the music of the opening titles became available in mono from the film's soundtrack.

In the film, the song "The money is on the streets" is sung by Riet Henius. This song, the text of which was co-written with Alexander Pola became a single. On the B-side are two pieces of music by Willem Breuker, which are referred to as clips from the movie, but are not heard in the film.

## Intertextuality

Verhoeven has since stated that this is the only film of his he has ever considered remaking. There are numerous echoes of this film in the controversial 1995 movie *Showgirls*. *Black Book* (2006) also features a strong-willed female character whose quest for identity becomes blurred.

## InfoBox

| Katie Tippel | |
| --- | --- |
| movie poster for *Katie Tippel* | |
| Directed by | Paul Verhoeven |
| Written by | Neel Doff
Gerard Soeteman |
| Produced by | Rob Houwer |
| Starring | Monique van de Ven
Rutger Hauer |
| Cinematography | Jan de Bont |
| Edited by | Jane Sperr |
| Music by | Rogier van Otterloo |
| Release date | * 1975 (1975) |
| Running time | 107 min. |
| Language | Dutch |
| Budget | $800,000 |
| Box office | 1.8 million admissions (Netherlands) |


title: Keith Copeland

abstract: Keith Copeland was a jazz drummer and music educator.

text:
# Keith Copeland

**Keith Copeland** (born in New York City on April 18, 1946, died in Germany on February 14, 2015) was a jazz drummer and music educator.

## Career

His father, Ray Copeland, was a jazz trumpeter, and he learned by watching him, but he decided to play drums after studying Art Blakey's records with The Jazz Messengers.

In his teens he played with Barry Harris. He later worked with the Heath Brothers, but Percy Heath disliked his style, leading to arguments and to Copeland quitting.

During his musical career, Copeland played with Sam Jones, Billy Taylor, Johnny Griffin, Stevie Wonder, Rory Stuart, George Russell, and Hank Jones. He also led his own European-based groups, including one with Irish bassist Ronan Guilfoyle.

Copeland taught at The New School University in New York City, Rutgers, and Berklee College of Music before moving to Germany in 1992 and teaching in the Hochschule system. His students include Terri Lyne Carrington, Darren Beckett and Adam Cruz.

## Discography

Source:

### As leader

* *On Target* (Jazz Mania, 1993)
* *The Irish Connection* (SteepleChase, 1996)
* *Round Trip* (SteepleChase, 1997)
* *Postcard from Vancouver* (Jazz Focus, 1998)

### As sideman

**With Howard Alden**

**With Ben Besiakov**

**With Paul Bley**

**With Joshua Breakstone**

**With Charles Brown**

**With Chris Conner**

* *As Time Goes by* (Enja, 1992)

**With Stanley Cowell**

**With Meredith d'Ambrosio**

**With John Dankworth**

* *Echoes of Harlem* (Compendia, 1988)

**With Stanton Davis**

* *Brighter Days* (Outrageous Records Incorporated, 1977)

**With Frank Foster and the SDR Big Band**

* *A Fresh Taste of the Blues* (Intercord, 1996)

**With Hugh Frasier/Jean Toussaint Quartet**

* *Back to Back* (Jazz Focus, 1998)

**With David Gazarov**

* *Autumnal Giant Steps* (Episode Records, 1994)

**With Al Grey**

* *Christmas Stockin' Stuffer* (Capri, 1992)

**With Johnny Griffin**

**With Johnny Hartman**

**With the Heath Brothers**

**With Sam Jones**

**With Mark Kirk**

**With Ann Malcolm**

* *Incident'ly* (Sound Hills Records, 1994)

**With Susannah McCorkle**

**With Sandy McLeod**

* *Conversations with Love* (CGM, 2003)

**With Jackie Paris**

**With Bill Pierce**

**With Mike Richmond**

**With Bob Rockwell**

* *Shades of Blue* (SteepleChase, 1996)

**With Charlie Rouse**

**With George Russell**

**With Perico Sambeat**

* *Uptown Dance* (EGT, 1992)

**With Larry Schneider**

**With Jurgen Seefelder**

* *Naide* (Westwind Records, 1996)

**With Louis Smith**

* *Ballads for Lulu* (SteepleChase, 1990)
* *Once in a While* (SteepleChase, 2000)

**With Rory Stuart**

**With Billy Taylor**

**With Chris Walden**

* *Ticino* (ACT, 1996)

**With Chris White**

* *The Chris White Project* (Muse, 1992)

**With Martin Wind**

* *Gone with the Wind* (September, 1993) with Bill Mays
* *Tender Waves* (A Records, 1995)