title: Foraker, Oklahoma

abstract: Foraker is a town in Osage County, Oklahoma, United States. It was named for Ohio Senator Joseph B. Foraker. The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is southeast of town. The official population peaked at 415 in 1910 and has declined steadily since 1930. The population was only 18 at the 2010 census, a 21.7 percent decline from 23 in 2000. Foraker was listed as a ghost town in the 1977 book Ghost Towns of Oklahoma. The author, John Wesley Morris, quoted one long-time resident as saying: "Stores gone, post office gone, train gone, school gone, oil gone, boys and girls gone – only thing not gone is graveyard and it git bigger."

text:
# Foraker, Oklahoma

**Foraker** is a town in Osage County, Oklahoma, United States. It was named for Ohio Senator Joseph B. Foraker. The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is southeast of town. The official population peaked at 415 in 1910 and has declined steadily since 1930. The population was only 18 at the 2010 census, a 21.7 percent decline from 23 in 2000.

Foraker was listed as a ghost town in the 1977 book *Ghost Towns of Oklahoma*. The author, John Wesley Morris, quoted one long-time resident as saying: "Stores gone, post office gone, train gone, school gone, oil gone, boys and girls gone  only thing not gone is graveyard and it git bigger."

## History

Located in an area of rolling plains and tallgrass prairie, a post office was established at Foraker on February 13, 1903. The town began as a 160-acre tract platted by the U.S. Department of the Interior along the Midland Valley Railroad in 1905. By 1909, the town had a population of 500 as the area underwent a ranching and farming boom. Foraker had the amenities associated with older communities: sidewalks, a public park, and plans for an electric and water system and a substantial school building.

The agriculture boom subsided, but the town was briefly revitalized by discovery of the Burbank Oil Field in 1920, which made Foraker an oil industry equipment supply center. In 1922 the Osage Railway, one of the Muskogee Roads, was opened from Foraker to Shidler, ten miles away, making Foraker an oil shipping point. The population rose to about 2,000 in the early 1920s. The Osage County oil boom declined during the Great Depression, and with it Foraker's fortunes. The population dropped. The Osage Valley railroad was abandoned in 1953 and the Midland Valley Railroad was abandoned in 1968. The town business district fell vacant. Foraker is now in a region dominated by large cattle ranches. A lonely and picturesque old cemetery in the prairie approximately one mile east of what remains of the town is the chief landmark. The nearest post office is at Shidler.

## Geography

Foraker is 13 miles (21 km) north and 12 miles (19 km) west of Pawhuska and 6 miles (9.7 km) north and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Shidler.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 415 |  |  |
| 1920 | 394 |  | −5.1% |
| 1930 | 310 |  | −21.3% |
| 1940 | 222 |  | −28.4% |
| 1950 | 105 |  | −52.7% |
| 1960 | 74 |  | −29.5% |
| 1970 | 52 |  | −29.7% |
| 1980 | 34 |  | −34.6% |
| 1990 | 25 |  | −26.5% |
| 2000 | 23 |  | −8.0% |
| 2010 | 19 |  | −17.4% |
| 2020 | 18 |  | −5.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 23 people, 10 households, and 6 families residing in the town. The population density was 104.6 inhabitants per square mile (40.4/km2). There were 13 housing units at an average density of 59.1 per square mile (22.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 73.91% White, 4.35% Native American, and 21.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.35% of the population.

There were 10 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, and 40.0% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 13.0% from 45 to 64, and 26.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $63,333. Males had a median income of $38,750 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,079. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

## Education

It is in Shidler Public Schools.

## Notable people

As a child the singer Patti Page (born Clara Ann Fowler) lived with her family for a time on Maple St. in Foraker.

Rodeo champion and Oscar-winning actor Ben Johnson (*The Last Picture Show*) was born and raised on his family's ranch near Foraker.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Foraker, Oklahoma
3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. Jon D. May, "Foraker," *Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture*.
5. "Census Viewer:Foraker, Oklahoma Population." Archived May 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Accessed May 10, 2015.
6. Morris, p. 82.
7. Morris, pp.82-83.
8. "The Okie Legacy: Foraker Oklahoma". *okielegacy.org*. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
9. "The Spell of the West." http://www.jcs-group.com/ldwest/towns/okie2.html%5B%5D, accessed February 25, 2011
10. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
11. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Osage County, OK" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
12. 1930 US Census. Source Citation: Year: 1930; Census Place: Foraker, Osage, Oklahoma; Roll: 1922; Page: 1A; Enumeration District: 19; Image: 1054.0; FHL microfilm: 2341656.

## InfoBox

| Foraker, Oklahoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Foraker, Oklahoma | |
| Coordinates: 36°52′25″N 96°34′09″W / 36.87361°N 96.56917°W / 36.87361; -96.56917 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| County | Osage |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.26 sq mi (0.67 km2) |
| Land | 0.26 sq mi (0.67 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,270 ft (390 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 18 |
| Density | 69.23/sq mi (26.73/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 74652 |
| Area code(s) | 539/918 |
| FIPS code | 40-26750 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2412635 |


title: Maine Publicity Bureau Building

abstract: The Maine Publicity Bureau Building is a historic commercial building at 501 Danforth Street in Portland, Maine, United States. Built in 1936, it is a local example of Colonial Revival architecture and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 for its association with early formalized efforts by the state to promote tourism.

text:
# Maine Publicity Bureau Building

The **Maine Publicity Bureau Building** is a historic commercial building at 501 Danforth Street in Portland, Maine, United States. Built in 1936, it is a local example of Colonial Revival architecture and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 for its association with early formalized efforts by the state to promote tourism.

## Description and history

The former Maine Publicity Bureau Building stands below the southernmost end of Portland's Western Promenade, on the northeast side of a 90-degree bend in Danforth Street just before its western end. Although the building stands on a slight rise above Danforth Street, its view of the Fore River is obscured by the raised embankment that carries Commercial Street. The building is a 1-1/2 story brick building with Colonial Revival style, with a five-bay side-gable central section flanked by symmetrical single-story front-gable projecting sections. The flanking sections each have a Palladian-style window group, with narrow fixed windows flanking a central sash that is topped by a half-round fan. The center section has regular sash windows set in rectangular openings with flat keystone lintels. The main entrance is a recessed double door, the opening flanked by pilasters and topped by a broken segmented pediment. The main room of the interior features high-quality woodwork.

The building was designed by Portland architect John P. Thomas and was completed in 1936 with funding support from the Works Progress Administration. The Maine Publicity Bureau was founded in Portland in 1921 by a group of the state's business leaders, as a formalized way to promote the state's business, industrial, and recreational resources. At first located in offices on Congress Street, the group chose this prominent location for a permanent home when it outgrew those facilities. The land and building were owned by the state, and were leased by the Bureau until 1979 when its headquarters was relocated to Hallowell.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Maine Publicity Bureau Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 501 Danforth St.<br>Portland, Maine |
| Coordinates | 43°38′38″N 70°16′34″W / 43.64389°N 70.27611°W / 43.64389; -70.27611 |
| Area | 1.3 acres (0.53 ha) |
| Built | 1936 (1936) |
| Architect | John P. Thomas |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 89002344 |
| Added to NRHP | January 26, 1990 |


title: Martin Kříž

abstract: Martin Kříž is a Czech professional basketball player for ERA Basketball Nymburk of the Czech Republic National Basketball League (NBL). He also represents the senior Czech Republic national team.

text:
# Martin Kříž

**Martin Kříž** (born 17 June 1993) is a Czech professional basketball player for ERA Basketball Nymburk of the Czech Republic National Basketball League (NBL). He also represents the senior Czech Republic national team.

## Professional career

During his pro career, Kříž has won ten Czech NBL national league championships, and eight Czech Cups.

## National team career

Kříž represented the senior Czech national team at the 2016 Belgrade FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament, the 2017 EuroBasket, and the 2019 FIBA World Cup.

## InfoBox

Martin Kříž
| Kříž (#31 in white). | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 31  ERA Nymburk | |
| Position | Power forward / center |
| League | NBL |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1993-06-17) 17 June 1993<br>Pardubice, Czech Republic |
| Listed height | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) |
| Listed weight | 240 lb (109 kg) |
| Career information | |
| NBA draft | 2015: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2009–present |
| Career history | |
| 2009–2010 | Pardubice |
| 2010–2011 | USK Praha |
| 2011–present | Nymburk |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Maison de l'Agneau Blanc

abstract: The Maison de l'Agneau Blanc or simply l'Agneau Blanc is a Baroque house, built in 1696, located at 42, rue du Marché aux Herbes/Grasmarkt in Brussels, Belgium, parallel to the Grand-Place/Grote Markt. It has been a protected heritage site since 2011. The sculptures on the facade are the work of Peter Van Dievoet, commissioned by Jean De Broe.

text:
# Maison de l'Agneau Blanc

The ***Maison de l'Agneau Blanc*** (lit.'House of the White Lamb') or simply ***l'Agneau Blanc*** is a Baroque house, built in 1696, located at 42, rue du Marché aux Herbes/Grasmarkt (lit.'Herb Market Street') in Brussels, Belgium, parallel to the Grand-Place/Grote Markt. It has been a protected heritage site since 2011.

The sculptures on the facade are the work of Peter Van Dievoet, commissioned by Jean De Broe.

## Notes and references

## Further reading

* Paul-Eugène Claessens and Julien Cuypers, « Quand Bruxelles ravagée renaît plus belle sous les ailes de l'archange : le sculpteur Pierre Van Dievoet, son œuvre et sa famille », in l'*Intermédiaire des généalogistes*, n° 121, Brussels, 1966, pp. 39–41.
* M. J. De Decker, « Relevé de l’Agneau Blanc », (deuxième prix partagé, S.C.A.B. concours annuel de relevés de 1924), in, *l’Émulation*, Bruxelles, 1925, planche 8.
* Guillaume Des Marez, *Guide illustré de Bruxelles*, Brussels, 1928, volume 1, pp. 65, 81, 82, 89, 90, 92, 112 and
* Guillaume Des Marez, *Guide illustré de Bruxelles*, Brussels, 1928, volume 2, p. 182.
* Guillaume Des Marez, « Les transformations de la ville de Bruxelles au xviie siècle et les métiers de la construction », in *Études inédites*, Brussels, 1936, p. 135.
* Alain Van Dievoet, « Question sur le sculpteur Pierre Van Dievoet », in *L'Intermédiaire des généalogistes*, n° 147, Brussels, 1970, p. 185.
* Alain Van Dievoet, « Un disciple belge de Grinling Gibbons, le sculpteur Pierre Van Dievoet (1661–1729) et son œuvre à Londres et Bruxelles », in *Le Folklore brabançon*, March 1980, n° 225, p.65 à 91.
* Alain Van Dievoet, « Généalogie de la famille van Dievoet originaire de Bruxelles, dite Vandive à Paris », in *Le Parchemin*, ed. Genealogical and Heraldic Office of Belgium, Brussels, 1986, n° 245, p. 273 à 293.
* *Park-Mail, Magazine*, "Un curieux contrat", Brussels, March 1984, n° 80, p 11. (regarding *l'Agneau Blanc*).
* Paul Janssens, "Agneau blanc, magasin", in : *Dictionnaire d'Histoire de Bruxelles*, Brussels, 2013, p. 23.

50°50′52″N 4°21′10″E / 50.84766°N 4.35278°E / 50.84766; 4.35278


title: Forest Grove Historic District

abstract: Forest Grove Historic District is a national historic district located in Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 46 contributing buildings in the community of Forest Grove. They include a variety of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. The residential buildings are of vernacular design and include a variety of lower and middle income dwellings, some of which date to the late 1700s. Notable buildings include the William Kirk Store, Freyling's Hall (1920s), Odd Fellows Hall, and Presbyterian Church (1855). It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

text:
# Forest Grove Historic District

**Forest Grove Historic District** is a national historic district located in Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 46 contributing buildings in the community of Forest Grove. They include a variety of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. The residential buildings are of vernacular design and include a variety of lower and middle income dwellings, some of which date to the late 1700s. Notable buildings include the William Kirk Store, Freyling's Hall (1920s), Odd Fellows Hall, and Presbyterian Church (1855).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Forest Grove Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| U.S. Post Office, Forest Grove Historic District, October 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | Forest Grove and Lower Mountain Roads, Buckingham Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°17′34″N 75°03′39″W / 40.29278°N 75.06083°W / 40.29278; -75.06083 |
| Area | 34 acres (14 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 82003765 |
| Added to NRHP | April 20, 1982 |


title: Gouadji Kao

abstract: Gouadji Kao is a commune in the Cercle of Koutiala in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 150 square kilometers and includes 5 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 10,579. The village of N'Togonasso, the administrative centre (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 42 km northeast of Koutiala.

text:
# Gouadji Kao

**Gouadji Kao** is a commune in the Cercle of Koutiala in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 150 square kilometers and includes 5 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 10,579. The village of N'Togonasso, the administrative centre (*chef-lieu*) of the commune, is 42 km northeast of Koutiala.

## InfoBox

| Gouadji Kao | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Gouadji KaoLocation in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 12°32′30″N 5°9′52″W / 12.54167°N 5.16444°W / 12.54167; -5.16444 | |
| Country | Mali |
| Region | Sikasso Region |
| Cercle | Koutiala Cercle |
| Area | |
| Total | 150 km2 (60 sq mi) |
| Population (2009) | |
| Total | 10,579 |
| Density | 71/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Hyperolius diaphanus

abstract: Hyperolius diaphanus is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is endemic to the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and is known from near the Itombwe Mountains and the mountains to the west of Lake Kivu. Limits of its range are not clear and might extend into the adjacent Burundi and Rwanda. Common names Kigulube reed frog and translucent reed frog have been proposed for this species.

text:
# Hyperolius diaphanus

***Hyperolius diaphanus*** is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is endemic to the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and is known from near the Itombwe Mountains and the mountains to the west of Lake Kivu. Limits of its range are not clear and might extend into the adjacent Burundi and Rwanda. Common names **Kigulube reed frog** and **translucent reed frog** have been proposed for this species.

## Description

Adult males measure 21–28 mm (0.8–1.1 in) and adult females 25–32 mm (1.0–1.3 in) in snout–vent length. The dorsum is greyish green while the ventrum is white. The "femur" and the extremities are bright yellow. There are two color morphs, known as phases linked, to development and sex: all newly metamorphosed individuals display phase "J" pattern, whereas all females, and some males, develop into phase "F" before the first breeding season. Phase "j" is normally brownish to green with paired light dorsolateral lines or an hourglass pattern. Phase "F" is often colorful and variable, showing the diagnostic color characteristics. In addition to the well-defined morphs, graded variation is also present.

*H. diaphanus* is very similar to *Hyperolius frontalis* but lacks the light triangle on the snout of the latter, has yellow rather than orange-red extremities, and is somewhat smaller.

## Habitat and conservation

*Hyperolius diaphanus* is believed to be an arboreal forest species. It is known from 900–1,000 m (3,000–3,300 ft) above sea level, suggesting that it is an intermediate-altitude species. Breeding presumably takes place in water. Threats to this poorly known species are unknown. It is not known to occur in any protected areas.

## InfoBox

| *Hyperolius diaphanus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hyperoliidae |
| Genus: | *Hyperolius* |
| Species: | ***H. diaphanus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hyperolius diaphanus***
Laurent, 1972 | |
|


title: Stein Motrøen

abstract: Stein Motrøen is a retired Norwegian football midfielder. He hails from Tynset and started his career in Tynset IF. In August 1994 he made his debut for Lyn, recording that one game, but played the majority of the games from 1995 to 1998, including 15 games in the 1997 Norwegian Premier League. For his next club Byåsen he was ever-present in the 1999 Norwegian First Division, before making a comeback in Tynset in 2000.

text:
# Stein Motrøen

**Stein Motrøen** (born 13 June 1973) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.

He hails from Tynset and started his career in Tynset IF. In August 1994 he made his debut for Lyn, recording that one game, but played the majority of the games from 1995 to 1998, including 15 games in the 1997 Norwegian Premier League. For his next club Byåsen he was ever-present in the 1999 Norwegian First Division, before making a comeback in Tynset in 2000.

## InfoBox

Stein Motrøen
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1973-06-13) 13 June 1973 | | |
| Position(s) | midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Tynset | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| −1994 | Tynset |  |  |
| 1994−1998 | Lyn | 79 | (7) |
| 1999 | Byåsen | 26 | (5) |
| 2000−? | Tynset |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: The Ballad of Halo Jones

abstract: The Ballad of Halo Jones is a science fiction comic strip written by Alan Moore and drawn by Ian Gibson, with lettering by Steve Potter and Richard Starkings. Halo Jones first appeared July 1984 in five-page instalments in the pages of the weekly British comic 2000 AD and is regarded as one of the high points of 2000 AD. The eponymous heroine is a highly sympathetic 50th-century everywoman, and the tone of the strip ranges from the comic to the poignant. The three "books" span more than ten years of her life, and also serve as a tour of the well-realised futuristic universe which Moore and Gibson created. Originally, Halo Jones was planned to run to nine books, chronicling Halo's life from adolescence to old age. However, the series was discontinued after three books due to a dispute between Moore and Fleetway, the magazine's publishers, over the intellectual property rights of the characters Moore and Gibson had co-created.

text:
# The Ballad of Halo Jones

***The Ballad of Halo Jones*** is a science fiction comic strip written by Alan Moore and drawn by Ian Gibson, with lettering by Steve Potter (Books 1 & 2) and Richard Starkings (Book 3).

*Halo Jones* first appeared July 1984 in five-page instalments in the pages of the weekly British comic *2000 AD* and is regarded as one of the high points of *2000 AD*. The eponymous heroine is a highly sympathetic 50th-century everywoman, and the tone of the strip ranges from the comic to the poignant. The three "books" span more than ten years of her life, and also serve as a tour of the well-realised futuristic universe which Moore and Gibson created. Originally, *Halo Jones* was planned to run to nine books, chronicling Halo's life from adolescence to old age. However, the series was discontinued after three books due to a dispute between Moore and Fleetway, the magazine's publishers, over the intellectual property rights of the characters Moore and Gibson had co-created.

## Synopsis

In Book One, 18-year-old Halo Jones lives in a floating ring-shaped conurbation or housing estate called "The Hoop" that is moored in the Atlantic Ocean off the East coast of America. The story takes place over one day, and follows Halo's violent though also partly comical misadventures on a shopping trip. Finally returning to her apartment, Halo finds her flatmate and best friend Brinna murdered, then discovers another good friend has become a "Different Drummer" (a youth cult perpetually numbed by the implant-generated beat of a drum in their ears). She decides to leave Earth, never to return.

Book Two depicts Halo's life as a stewardess on a year-long space voyage. Halo discovers that it was her loyal robot dog Toby, harbouring a perverse crush on Halo, who was responsible for her flatmate's death and is forced to destroy him. It is also revealed, in a framing sequence, that Halo becomes a legendary historical figure in centuries to come.

In Book Three, ten years have elapsed and Halo has become a soldier serving in a Vietnam-style guerrilla interstellar war which has appeared as back-story in the previous two books, and is courted by a famous general, Luiz Cannibal. The series ends with the cessation of hostilities, after which Halo commandeers a spaceship and deserts, determined to take charge of her own fate.

## Locations and characters

* The Hoop (ghetto for "increased-leisure citizens", a euphemism for the unemployed) tethered to the Manhattan peninsula: Halo Jones, Rodice Andelia Olsun, Brinna Childresse-Lao, Ludy, Toby, Swifty Frisko, Box, Winky & The Checkout Hags, Snivelling, Rumble Jack Volunteer, Clara Pandy Engineer
* *Clara Pandy* (luxury space liner): Toy Molto, Glyph, Mix Ninegold, Cézanne Goleiter, Kititirik Tikrikitit, Rat King, Lux Roth Chop, Captain Slovik
* Charlemagne (planet): Yortlebluzzgubbly
* Lobis Loyo (planet): Beta Platoon (Mona Jukes, Bekti Vassar, Shahi Manish, Lyncie Welch, Ditto Wheeler, Sergeant Verna Krause, Sergeant Juno Myrmidon, Life Sentence), General Luiz Cannibal
* Moab (planet): Sergeant Wo, Private Exxon, Terran Minister For Peace Her Serenity Kikikititi Rikrikikikit
* Concordia (America, c. 6427AD): Dr. I.J. Brunhauer, Ms. Kopek, Mr. Sotgore
* Rulf's World (planet in the Vega system): It is from here that Glyph boards the *Clara Pandy*.
* Pwuc (planet): Halo ends up on Pwuc in the year 4960 having wandered the inner systems for almost a decade.
* Hispus (planet): The planet Halo finds herself on after signing her army release papers.

Other places she had visited or spent time in included Proxima IV, Vescue, Sirius, Skinner's World, and Popotoplec. Although it is mentioned that she met the famous historical figure Sally Quasa, this meeting does not take place in the first three books.

## Development

In his introductions to the three 1986 Titan editions, Moore described its genesis. The story was designed from the outset to avoid the typical *2000 AD* story elements: "guns, guys and gore." Moore said that he had "no inclination to unleash yet another 'Tough Bitch With A Disintegrator And An Extra Y-Chromosome' upon the world". The idea to base the strip around an ordinary, unremarkable woman, typical of the society she lived in, was also very different for *2000 AD*.

Gibson and Moore designed the world that Halo would live in with as much detail as possible. Book One may have been mildly criticised for dropping readers into a future world with no explanation of its social structure, culture, language etc., but the Introduction explains that it was designed to reveal aspects of this carefully constructed world in subtle and clever ways. In this book the creators introduce the reader to 50th-century politics, social problems, diet, cults, music, futuristic slang, fashion and also an ongoing off-world war that is clearly taking place in the background.

Moore and Gibson's collaboration paid off when the go-ahead for a second series was given. Both men were excited about where the story was heading and Book Two expanded upon what they had created before. They upped the action quotient and also created some shattering emotional scenes. Moore has said that the character of "the Glyph", introduced in Book Two, clinched the book's success (according to his comments in the introduction to the Titan Books collected edition in 1986).

### Creator cameos

Both Ian Gibson and Alan Moore make a cameo appearance in the series. In Book 3, when Halo first arrives at the Glory Barge on the planet Pwuc (where she meets Toy recruiting soldiers for the Terran army), Gibson and Moore appear as two figures in the crowd – a bearded man holding a pencil and another man holding a paintbrush. Moore can also be seen being rickshawed through the rainy street on the planet Hispus after Halo has signed her release papers.

### Book 4 and possible continuations

Since the publication of Book Three in 1986 fans of the series have been speculating on the possibility of Halo returning for further adventures. In his introduction to the Titan reprint of Book Three in 1986 Alan Moore seemed to be leaving an open door for Halo's story to return to the comic:

> Whether this really is the last book remains to be seen. While there are currently no plans to continue the series, due to external circumstances and considerations, I think it's fair to say that, were these circumstances to alter, both Ian and myself would be only too pleased to resume The Ballad and continue to relate the history of a character to whom we've both grown very attached over the couple of years that we've worked with her. You know how it is ... We've been out with her a couple of times and the chances are that if she's free, one day we might go out with her again. Who knows? Maybe we'll let you come along too.

Moore has had very little to say about Halo's return since then. "I'd got plans to have her grow up and eventually end as an old woman," Moore told *Mustard* magazine in January 2006. "But I got to the point where I'd said to IPC, "Look, you know that you've ripped these characters off from us. If you were to give us the rights back, I would gladly write another three books of Halo Jones. Whereas if you don't I will never write Halo Jones and you won't get any money from the character. And they thought, 'Yeah, let's hang on to the character forever and you never get any rights to it and never write any again.' So that's where it is." A report from a 2004 BBC radio interview taping recalls that when asked to tell the audience about Halo Jones, "Moore smiled fondly as if someone had just reminded him of an ex-girlfriend who he'd never meant to split up with."

In a 2011 interview for *3:AM* magazine Alan Moore stated "the next adventure would have probably been when she was a female space pirate with Sally Quasa", "I would have been basically going through all the decades of her life, with her getting older in each one, because I liked the idea, at the time, of having a strip in 2000AD with a seventy or eighty year old woman as the title character ... it would have ended up with Halo Jones upon some planet that is right at the absolute edge of the universe where, beyond that, beyond some sort of spectacular lightshow, there is no space, no time, and it would have ended up with Halo Jones – all the rest of the people on this planetoid because, actually, time is not passing; you could stay there forever, potentially – and what would have happened is that Halo Jones, after spending some time with the rest of the immortals, would have tottered across the landing field, got into her spacecraft, and flown into the psychedelic lightshow, to finally get out."

In a 2002 interview with Gavin Hanly on the*2000AD Review* website, Ian Gibson was asked about people's ongoing interest in the series and whether there was ever any intention to do a fourth series:

> I'm very happy that Halo had such an effect. After all, that's why I asked Alan to write a girl's story. I thought it would make a difference... Alan and I had planned out Halo's future to a conclusion, but the series was interrupted by the dispute over copyright allocation, where Alan wanted to have all writers, like John Wagner et al., get their fair dues after streaming out a steady supply of genius for so many years. That's what I heard anyway – but I can't speak with authority as I wasn't involved in the negotiations. I have tried to contact Alan over the years, but with no luck. I have my own ideas of what could happen in the next couple of books that I'd have liked the chance to run past Alan, but I think he's discarded the story from his future

In another interview on the Ximoc site Gibson reiterated his desire to keep the series going. When asked about his "dream project" he says: "I'm also sure that many of Halo's fans would like me to do some more books to continue the series. Just a shame Alan doesn't want to be involved (as far as I know?)"

## Publication history

| Year | Title ( * denotes graphic novel) | Additional info |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | *2000AD* Progs 376–385 | The Ballad of Halo Jones Book 1 (July–Sept, 10 episodes, 51 pages) |
| 1985 | *2000AD* Progs 405–415 | The Ballad of Halo Jones Book 2 (Feb–April, 10 episodes & prologue, 51 pages) |
| 1985 | *2000AD* Sci-Fi Special | 1 June, includes Halo Jones centrefold colour poster by Ian Gibson |
| 1986 | *2000AD* Progs 451–466 | The Ballad of Halo Jones Book 3 (Jan–April, 15 episodes & prologue, 80 pages) |
| 1986 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* Book 1\* | Titan Books, incl introduction by Alan Moore/sketches by Ian Gibson |
| 1986 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* Book 2\* | Titan Books, incl introduction by Alan Moore/sketches by Ian Gibson |
| 1986 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* Book 3\* | Titan Books, incl introduction by Alan Moore/sketches by Ian Gibson |
| 1986 | *2000AD* Prog 500 | 'Thargshead Revisited' (13 Dec, page by Ian Gibson features Halo, Rodice & Toy) |
| 1987 | *Halo Jones* – Quality Comics | Colourised US reprints covering all 3 books, 12 monthly issues from Sept '87-Aug '88 |
| 1988 | *2000AD* Sci-Fi Special | 1 June, incl 4-page article on Halo Jones stage tour by in the Red company |
| 1989 | The Best of *2000AD* Issue 40 | January, Book 1 reprinted |
| 1989 | *The Best of* 2000AD Issue 42 | March, Book 2 reprinted |
| 1991 | *The Best of* 2000AD Issue 65 | February, Book 3 prologue and episodes 1–3 reprinted |
| 1991 | *The Best of* 2000AD Issue 66 | March, Book 3 episodes 4–15 reprinted. Incl unique Ian Gibson cover art |
| 1991 | *2000AD* Prog 725 | 6 April, Halo Jones Megascan, free poster magazine, new Ian Gibson Halo artwork |
| 1991 | *The Complete Ballad of Halo Jones** | Titan Books, incl excerpts from previous three Moore introductions |
| 1996 | *2000AD* Prog 1016 | 5 November, incl Halo Jones Fine Art Print, art by Robert McCallum & Jim Murray |
| 2000 | *2000AD* 'Prog 2001' | Annual edition, 13 December, with new Ian Gibson Halo artwork |
| 2001 | *The Complete Ballad of Halo Jones** | Titan Books, including a new introduction by Ian Gibson |
| 2002 | *2000AD* Prog 1280 | 22 February, Halo featured in story celebrating 25 years of *2000AD* |
| 2003 | *The Complete Ballad of Halo Jones** | Titan Books, deluxe hardback edition |
| 2005 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones** | Rebellion |
| 2006 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones** | Rebellion, 2nd printing, new cover design and chapter headings |
| 2007 | *2000AD* Prog 1550 | 15 August, 'Halo Jones Goes To War' – Ian Gibson art poster |
| 2013 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones** | Rebellion, cover art Simon Parr, introduction by Lauren Beukes, Alan Moore script pages |
| 2017 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones** | *2000AD*: The Ultimate Collection #46 (partwork), introduction by Matt Smith, essay by Stephen Jewell |
| 2018 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* – Volume 1\* | Rebellion, Ian Gibson's artwork colourised by Barbara Nosenzo (May, 2018) |
| 2018 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* – Volume 2\* | Rebellion, Ian Gibson's artwork colourised by Barbara Nosenzo (July, 2018) |
| 2018 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* – Volume 3\* | Rebellion, Ian Gibson's artwork colourised by Barbara Nosenzo (September, 2018) |
| 2021 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones: The Complete Edition* – Audiobook | Penguin Audio, unabridged, 3hrs 3 mins (March, 2021) |
| 2023 | *The Ballad of Halo Jones* \- Full Colour Omnibus Edition\* | Rebellion, Ian Gibson's artwork colourised by Barbara Nosenzo, hardback, also limited slipcase edition (January, 2023) |

### Other appearances

The last occasion that Moore and Gibson collaborated on a Halo piece was for the 500th edition of *2000 AD* in December 1986. A portrait of Halo is featured on this special issue's glossy cover. Inside many *2000 AD* artists had fun with their own creations. In the strip "Thargshead Revisited" the editor of the comic (the alien Tharg) takes a journey through his own head and encounters many characters from *2000 AD'*s past. The page drawn by Ian Gibson features Halo, Rodice and Toy involved in a game of strip poker with Sam Slade (with the head of Luiz Cannibal on a plate on the table). This was the last time that Moore wrote dialogue for these characters.

Prog 2000 featured Halo beating Hap Hazzard and Finn before getting blown away by the Missionary Man in that issue's character Deathmatch.

"Helter Skelter", a Judge Dredd story written by Garth Ennis (12 episodes Progs 1250–1261) features cameos from a myriad of previous *2000AD* characters including Halo Jones in episodes 6 & 7. Artwork by Carlos Ezquerra and Henry Flint.

Jones has since appeared on one page of the 20th anniversary strip 'A Night 2 Remember' (Prog 1280), written by Robbie Morrison and illustrated by Gibson.

## Reprinting

In December 2000 a special *2000 AD* issue (titled 'Prog 2001') was released featuring another full colour portrait of Halo. Titan were planning a reissue of the *Complete Ballad of Halo Jones* in July 2001 and this portrait was used as the cover art. The first collected edition had been published by Titan in September 1991. This time the introduction to the book was written by Ian Gibson. *2000AD* hyped up the release on its site: "Alan Moore's hugely acclaimed saga of one woman's quest for reason in a galaxy gone mad. Out of print now for nearly a decade, fans have been clamouring for this collection anew, especially with the success of Moore's ABC line. This classic tale, lovingly rendered by artist Ian Gibson, is now available again in its epic entirety".

The back cover of the book similarly heralded the return of a comic legend: "Meet Halo Jones. She's going out...and out...and out! Escaping the Hoop, Manhattan Island's land of mindless leisure, is just the first step in a cosmic adventure that will take Halo to the far ends of the galaxy, through war and peace, trial, despair and triumph. You've never met anyone quite like Halo...and you never will again."

"Possibly the first feminist heroine in comics", wrote *The Observer* of Alan Moore's epic tale of one woman's search for her place in a galaxy out of control. "Originally published in 2000 AD and then collected by Titan Books, this classic tale of future alienation and an individual's struggle remains a timeless testament to the genius of Moore. Beautifully illustrated by artist Ian Gibson, this is the ultimate sci-fi opus. Don't dare miss it!"

US reviewers also welcomed the book's return: "Criminally out of print for the last few years. Halo Jones is one of the finest graphic novels ever created – if you've never given them a go, shame on you – but this is the perfect place to start if men in tights superhero stuff puts you off. Halo Jones has it all – a fantastic storyline, cinematic graphics and characters that knock dead most of the ciphers you find in contemporary fiction."

*The Complete Ballad of Halo Jones* was voted the third best book of 2001 by the readers of *Dreamwatch* magazine.

The whole trilogy was reprinted in *2000 AD: The Ultimate Collection* in September 2017.

### US Quality Comics

A year after the end of the publication on the pages of *2000 AD*, *The Ballad of Halo Jones* was reprinted in the United States by Quality Comics. Publisher's Bob Keenan and Sal Quartuccio had secured the rights to reissue colourised versions of *2000 AD* characters Judge Dredd, Rogue Trooper, Strontium Dog, Sam Slade and Halo Jones. New covers were commissioned for these comics by artists such as Bill Mayer, Bart Sears and Jim Fern. Eva Brozowski served as the colourist for the covers (her initials can be seen separately to the artist's). To fit the square *2000 AD* pages to American comic book format, Quality attached a distorting lens to a photocopy machine, elongating and "effectively destroying the art in the process" according to one reviewer.

As well as the main story these reprints also include some Gibson work from *2000 AD*s vaults such as "The Amazing Maze Dumoir", and "You Win Some You Lose Some" (both scripted by Alan Hebden). Also featured during this run were episodes of Anderson Psi Division, Ro-busters, Sooner or Later, Dash Decent and Alan Moore's Abelard Snazz and his *Future Shocks* story "Sunburn".

Halo Jones has been mentioned in popular culture:

The UK band Halo James was named after the eponymous character.

The debut album *Pop Art* by 1980s group Transvision Vamp features a track entitled "Hanging out with Halo Jones".

The Shriekback song "Malaria" includes the line "I wanna live with Halo Jones".

## Merchandise and adaptations

A stage adaptation of *The Ballad of Halo Jones* was a surprise hit at the 1987 Edinburgh Festival. In 1988 the Red Theatre Company toured the show around the UK.

Another stage adaptation: In 2001, *Book One* of the story appeared as a play in Liverpool.

In 2012, a new stage adaptation covering Book One and Book Two of the series was performed as a fringe theatre production in Manchester. Leah Moore attended one of the performances.

Halo Jones T-shirts issued by *2000 AD* in the 1980s had the slogan "Hoop-life Hero" on them.

In the 1980s, a computer game was developed for the Spectrum and Amstrad computers, based around the shopping trip that Halo takes. It was unreleased due to the Piranha Software being closed down by its parent company.

A Full-Cast audioplay adaptation was released in 2021 by Penguin Audio featuring Sheila Atim as Halo Jones.

## InfoBox

| Halo Jones | |
| --- | --- |
| Halo's first appearance, on the cover of *2000AD* (July 1984) | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | IPC Media (Fleetway) to 1999, thereafter Rebellion Developments |
| First appearance | *2000 AD* No. 376 (7 July 1984) |
| Created by | Alan Moore (script)<br>Ian Gibson (art) |


title: Ludia Montero

abstract: Ludia Marguiela Montero Ramos is a Cuban weightlifter. She competed in the women's 49 kg event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. She won a medal at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships. She represented Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She finished in 6th place in the women's 49 kg event.

text:
# Ludia Montero

**Ludia Marguiela Montero Ramos** (born 17 April 1999) is a Cuban weightlifter.

She competed in the women's 49 kg event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. She won a medal at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships.

She represented Cuba at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She finished in 6th place in the women's 49 kg event.

## InfoBox

Ludia Montero
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1999-04-17) 17 April 1999<br>Río Cauto, Cuba |
| Weight | 44.95 kg (99 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Cuba |
| Sport | Weightlifting |
| Event | –45 kg |
| Medal record      World Championships  2019 Pattaya 45 kg  Pan American Championships  2018 Santo Domingo  48 kg | |


title: Tourism in Oman

abstract: Oman is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. Tourism in Oman grew considerably during the 2000s, and a 2013 report predicted that it would become one of the largest industries in the nation. In 2019, Oman attracted about 4.1 million visitors from around the world, a massive increase from 3.1 million in 2017 as per the 2019 Tourism Statistic Bulletin from the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), Oman. Oman has various tourist attractions, particularly within the realm of cultural tourism. Muscat was named the best city to visit in the world by American travel guide publisher Lonely Planet in 2012, and was chosen as the Capital of Arab Tourism of 2012.

text:
# Tourism in Oman

Oman is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. **Tourism in Oman** grew considerably during the 2000s, and a 2013 report predicted that it would become one of the largest industries in the nation. In 2019, Oman attracted about 4.1 million visitors from around the world, a massive increase from 3.1 million in 2017 as per the 2019 Tourism Statistic Bulletin from the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), Oman.

Oman has various tourist attractions, particularly within the realm of cultural tourism. Muscat was named the best city to visit in the world by American travel guide publisher Lonely Planet in 2012, and was chosen as the Capital of Arab Tourism of 2012.

## Visa

Visitors to Oman must obtain a visa prior to travel unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. Citizens of member nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council may travel to Oman without visa limits. Nationals of 69 other countries can apply for visa online which are valid for a period of 30 days. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months.

## Statistics

Excluding the GCC states, the countries with the greatest number of passport holders visiting Oman in 2013 were:

|
|  |
| Rank | Country | Number |
| 1 | India | 244,786 |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 133,529 |
| 3 | Pakistan | 67,893 |
| 4 | Germany | 55,126 |
| 5 | United States | 53,165 |
| 6 | France | 40,253 |
| 7 | Egypt | 28,541 |
| 8 | Italy | 26,063 |
| 9 | Philippines | 24,897 |
| 10 | Bangladesh | 20,191 |
|

## Nature based activities

### Beach activities

Oman's coast is lined with many beaches, with resort hotels on the coast west and east of Muscat. Activities including sunbathing, swimming, kitesurfing, diving, snorkeling, boating and water scooters, surfing, beach combing, shell collecting and fishing excursions.

#### Kitesurfing

The daily sea breeze effect gives rise to reliable kitesurfing conditions. Centres can be found in Muscat, Al Sawadi Beach, Alzaiba Beach and on Masirah Island.

### Desert safari

Camelback or four-wheel drive journeys into the Wahiba Sands and other desert areas are popular, sometimes incorporating stays in Barsti huts, barbecues, camel riding, sandboarding and visits to Bedouin communities.

### Caving

The limestone rich sedimentary deposits of Oman's mountains have led to cave formation in many places. In 2008, the Ministry of Tourism issued a plan to develop Majlis al Jinn, the world's second largest cave, as a show cave, after their first show cave, Al Hoota Cave, attracted 75,000 visitors in the first year of operation. There are caves which can be accessed by amateurs, like Muqal Cave in Wadi Bani and Khalid in Ash Sharqiyah region, while others need considerable effort, training, experience and specialized equipment.

## Historic and cultural locations

### Markets

Omani souqs (markets) are popular with tourists, and are highly diverse with stalls selling handicrafts such as silver and gold artefacts and textiles. There are souqs in every Omani town, with the Ruwi and Muttrah Souqs the best known in Muscat.

### Museums

### Forts

Nearly every Omani city and town has a fort, most of which were built, or had major expansions, during the Al-Yarubi dynasty between 1624 and 1744. Their purpose was as a refuge for the people and a last line of defense for the town. Forts were prepared to withstand long sieges with water wells, food storing capacity and secret tunnels ending many kilometers away from the walls of the fort. In times of peace they served as centres of governance, educational establishments or community facilities.

### World Heritage Sites

UNESCO's International Heritage Preserve Programme Administration lists four elements of cultural significance in Oman.

#### Bahla Fort

Part of the capital of the Nabhani dynasty, who dominated Oman and prospered in the Arabian Peninsula during the late Middle Ages.

#### Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn

Remnants of settlements and necropolises from the 3rd millennium BCE. The necropolis of Bat reflects the funeral practices of the early Bronze Age.

#### Land of Frankincense

Various sites were important in the production and distribution of frankincense, which was once a sought-after item of luxury in antiquity, including the ancient ports of Khor Rori and Al-Baleed, and the caravan oases of Shisr and Wadi Dawkah

#### Falaj irrigation systems

Five falajs were inscribed in 2006 to represent an irrigation method dating back to at least 500 CE, and still used in most Omani towns and villages, that distributes water through gravity.

## Cultural Events

### Muscat Festival

The Muscat Festival is held annually in January and February. International exhibits and displays of traditional Omani lifestyle, art and culture are featured, with circus and street theatre productions are also a part of the event.

### Salalah Festival

The Salalah Festival takes place in the months of July and August, when the area is cooler than elsewhere in the Gulf statesand is a family oriented event with cultural, traditional and modern artistic shows.

### Cultural theatre program

The Ministry of Tourism organises a number of cultural evenings at the ancient Al Flayj Castle and Al Morooj theatres, hosting groups from around the world, from December to the end of March.

## Sporting and adventure events

### Horse and camel racing

From September to June, equestrian races organised by the Oman Equestrian Federation are held in various towns. Public events are staged at the royal stables in Seeb, while most breeders and trainers are based in the Al Kamil/Al Wafi region.

Long distance camel races are held on specially built race tracks, normally on public holidays and during National Day celebrations. As with horse races, camel races are arranged by the OEF, although some regions organize their own local races.

### Dubai–Muscat offshore sailing race

The Dubai–Muscat regatta takes place every January. Boats set sail from Dubai, passing through the Straits of Hormuz before heading towards Muscat and ending at the Bandar Al-Rawdah Marina.

### Sinbad Classic

An international deep sea fishing contest, the Sinbad Classic is one of the IGFA World Championships qualifying rounds and takes place each April.

### Oman Adventure

A five day endurance race held annually in November, each team consists of a runner and a cyclist and must manage the preparation and coordination of their own food and water and other supplies.

### Oman International Rally

The Oman International Rally held annually in March, is one of the events that constitute the Middle East Rally Championship.

### Bidiyah Challenge

A race to scale sand dunes held every February in Bidiya in Sharqiyah Region.

### Tour of Oman

An annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Oman since 2010 as part of the UCI Asia Tour. Its stated goals are to promote cycling as a sport in Oman; to put Oman on the world stage as an attractive tourist destination; and stimulate trade and economic activity within the country.


title: Hounslow House

abstract: Hounslow House is a municipal facility in Bath Road, Hounslow, London. The building is the headquarters of Hounslow London Borough Council.

text:
# Hounslow House

**Hounslow House** is a municipal facility in Bath Road, Hounslow, London. The building is the headquarters of Hounslow London Borough Council.

## History

After Hounslow Civic Centre became uneconomic to operate, Hounslow London Borough Council decided to procure a smaller facility which would be located in the centre of the borough and more accessible to the public. The site they selected on Bath Road had previously been occupied by a car park. Linkcity were appointed the developer for the site in January 2017.

Construction of the new facility, to be known as Hounslow House, began in November 2016. It was designed by Sheppard Robson in the postmodern style, built by Bouygues Construction at a cost of £66 million and became available for occupation in April 2019. Approximately 1,300 employees were relocated during the move. The new building was officially opened by the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, on 1 May 2019.

Hounslow Library, which had been based in the Treaty Centre, relocated to the new building as part of the development.

## Architecture

The design involves a symmetrical main frontage with sixteen glazed bays, separated by geometric shapes made from anodised aluminium, facing Lampton Road. The building, which measures 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft), is seven storeys high. The ground floor is occupied by public meeting rooms; the library and registrar's office as well as the new adult education classrooms, are on the first floor; the offices of the council officers and their departments are on the second, third, fourth and fifth floors, while the council chamber is on the top floor. Hounslow Clinical Commissioning Group and the Metropolitan Police also have customer access points in the new building.

The design was highly commended in the borough-led projects category of the London Planning Awards in January 2020.

## InfoBox

| Hounslow House | |
| --- | --- |
| Hounslow House | |
| Location | Hounslow |
| Coordinates | 51°28′07″N 0°22′03″W / 51.4686°N 0.3675°W / 51.4686; -0.3675 |
| Built | 2017-2019 |
| Architect | Sheppard Robson |
| Architectural style(s) | Postmodern style |
|  | |
| Shown in Hounslow | |


title: Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance

abstract: In 1973 the Forest Grove Rotary Club created the Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance to raise funds for scholarships and financial aid to over 700 Washington County students to Pacific and other universities and community service projects. Each year, the net proceeds are divided equally among the two. The Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance is held on the third Sunday in July, on the Pacific University campus in Forest Grove, Oregon. Over 300 antique, collector and special interest automobiles are on display. The event features 40 classes of restored antique, classic and special interest cars. They are entered for judging, or just for display. Judging is based on quality and authenticity of restoration. Cars from every era of automotive history are represented, from the earliest horseless carriages to the latest sports cars.

text:
# Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance

In 1973 the Forest Grove Rotary Club created the ***Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance*** to raise funds for scholarships and financial aid to over 700 Washington County students to Pacific and other universities and community service projects. Each year, the net proceeds are divided equally among the two.

The Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance is held on the third Sunday in July, on the Pacific University campus (founded in 1849) in Forest Grove, Oregon. Over 300 antique, collector and special interest automobiles are on display.

The event features 40 classes of restored antique, classic and special interest cars. They are entered for judging, or just for display. Judging is based on quality and authenticity of restoration. Cars from every era of automotive history are represented, from the earliest horseless carriages to the latest sports cars.

## Best of Show winners by year

* 2013: 1931 Duesenberg Model SJ (shown by Tom & Susan Armstrong)
* 2014: 1938 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B (shown by Jon Shirley)
* 2015: 1934 Packard Dual Cowl Sport Phaeton (shown by Larry Naninni)
* 2016: 1935 Mercedes-Benz 500K Sports Touring Car (shown by Thomas and Rhonda Taffet)
* 2017: 1937 Cord 812 Phaeton Supercharged (shown by Norman and Judi Noakes)
* 2018:
* 2019:

## Nearby Concours d'Elegance


title: Gouache (album)

abstract: Gouache is a 2012 studio album by jazz pianist and composer Jacky Terrasson. The vocalist Cécile McLorin Salvant appears on two tracks. The album was released in Europe by Universal and in the U.S. by Sunnyside the following year.

text:
# Gouache (album)

***Gouache*** is a 2012 studio album by jazz pianist and composer Jacky Terrasson. The vocalist Cécile McLorin Salvant appears on two tracks. The album was released in Europe by Universal and in the U.S. by Sunnyside the following year.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Buffalo News* |  |
| *Financial Times* |  |
| *DownBeat* |  |
| *Jazzwise* |  |
| *PopMatters* | 8/10 |
| Tom Hull | B+ |

Matt Collar reviewed the album for Allmusic and described it as "eclectic, playful, and often beautiful" highlighting the "ruminative version" of John Lennon's "Oh My Love" and the "positively swoon-inducing" "Je te veux" in which Cécile McLorin Salvant "draws upon the languid, bittersweet influence of Billie Holiday, while always keeping a smile in her voice". Collar concluded that "Terrasson's original compositions reveal a passion for melody and groove, paired with an adventurous, flowing, stream-of-consciousness post-bop aesthetic that ultimately makes *Gouache* a pure joy to hear". *PopMatters* 's review by Steve Horowitz observed, "Like the watercolor from which the song gets its name, the album’s musical palette is rich with colors and blendings. The surface beauty only deepens the expressiveness of Terrasson’s work."

Reviewing the album for *JazzTimes*, Thomas Conrad felt that Terrasson "...should be ready to make an important record, but Gouache is not one. It is more a sampler of party music than an album statement. Guests come and go. It is also Terrasson's most extended flirtation with pop culture". Conrad noted that the "prancing groove" of "Rehab" is "interrupted by ominous crashes" and highlighted trumpeter Stephane Belmondo's contribution on "Mother". Conrad felt that the pieces involving Terrasson's trio were best, describing "Happiness" as Terrasson's "sweet spot...a depiction of ecstasy through unleashed energy and spilling ideas" and that "C'est si bon"'s "wild headlong bouncing ride is quintessential Terrasson: entertaining, extravagant, skillful, more from the head than the heart".

Dave Gelly reviewed *Gouache* for *The Guardian* and wrote that Terrasson was "a pianist of such extravagant talents that it sometimes seems he can't decide what to do with them. There have been occasions when his phenomenal technique swamped everything else, but they are getting fewer as the years pass. He creates some truly touching and delicate moments here, in particular a version of Erik Satie's Je te veux, with vocalist Cécile McLorin Salvant, and a quietly disturbing treatment of Amy Winehouse's Rehab. The authentic Terrasson fireworks still get a good showing among these 10 pieces, though, especially in his own, aptly titled Try to Catch Me".

"Baby" was described by reviewers both as a "jaunty sleigh ride of song, with a euphoric '70s R&B ballad midsection" and as "vacuous a ditty as you've ever sat still for" that Terrasson "speeds...to a blur on acoustic piano and hammers it on Fender Rhodes. Harmless fun."

## Track listing

1. "Try to Catch Me" (Jacky Terrasson) – 4:07
2. "Baby" (Justin Bieber) – 3:22
3. "Je te veux" (Erik Satie, Henry Pacory) – 5:25
4. "Rehab" (Amy Winehouse) – 3:55
5. "Gouache" (Terrasson) – 5:20
6. "Oh My Love" (John Lennon) – 4:48
7. "Mother" (Terrasson) – 6:50
8. "Happiness" (Terrasson) – 7:42
9. "Valse Hot" (Sonny Rollins) – 4:06
10. "C'est si bon" (Henri Betti) – 6:05

## Personnel

## Charts

Chart performance for *Gouache*
| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 68 |
|

## InfoBox

| Gouache | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jacky Terrasson | |
| Released | September 3, 2012 |
| Recorded | May 10–18, 2012 |
| Studio | Studio Recall |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 50:46 |
| Label | Universal |
| Producer | Christophe Deghelt |
| Jacky Terrasson chronology | |
| *Push*
(2010) ***Gouache***
(2012) *Take This*
(2015) | |


title: Hurricane Bonnie (1986)

abstract: Hurricane Bonnie caused moderate damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States in late June 1986. The second named storm and first hurricane of the 1986 Atlantic hurricane season, Bonnie developed out of an area of low pressure over the central Gulf of Mexico on June 23. The system gradually intensified and was declared Tropical Storm Bonnie the next day as it moved generally towards the west-northwest. On June 25, Bonnie was upgraded to a hurricane. Bonnie strengthened further and on the following day, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (137 km/h). Shortly thereafter, Bonnie made landfall near High Island, Texas. Following landfall, Bonnie quickly weakened below tropical storm status and dissipated over Missouri on June 28. Prior to Bonnie moving ashore, 22,000 people were evacuated in Texas and Louisiana. Upon making landfall, Bonnie produced a storm surge peaking at 5.2 feet (1.6 m) at Sabine Pass. Rainfall from the storm peaked at 13 inches (330 mm) in Ace, Texas, which caused some street flooding and destroyed a small dam in Liberty County, Texas. Three fatalities were reported in the Port Arthur, Texas area; two deaths were from separate car accidents and another occurred after a partially paralyzed woman died in a house fire. Flooding also impacted northwestern Louisiana. In the Shreveport area alone, 381 homes, 20 businesses, and 80 major highway intersections were flooded. The hurricane also spawned 11 tornadoes, destroying about 25 houses in southwestern Louisiana. Overall, Hurricane Bonnie caused $42 million (1986 USD) in damage and five fatalities.

text:
# Hurricane Bonnie (1986)

**Hurricane Bonnie** caused moderate damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States in late June 1986. The second named storm and first hurricane of the 1986 Atlantic hurricane season, Bonnie developed out of an area of low pressure over the central Gulf of Mexico on June 23. The system gradually intensified and was declared Tropical Storm Bonnie the next day as it moved generally towards the west-northwest. On June 25, Bonnie was upgraded to a hurricane. Bonnie strengthened further and on the following day, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (137 km/h). Shortly thereafter, Bonnie made landfall near High Island, Texas. Following landfall, Bonnie quickly weakened below tropical storm status and dissipated over Missouri on June 28.

Prior to Bonnie moving ashore, 22,000 people were evacuated in Texas and Louisiana. Upon making landfall, Bonnie produced a storm surge peaking at 5.2 feet (1.6 m) at Sabine Pass. Rainfall from the storm peaked at 13 inches (330 mm) in Ace, Texas, which caused some street flooding and destroyed a small dam in Liberty County, Texas. Three fatalities were reported in the Port Arthur, Texas area; two deaths were from separate car accidents and another occurred after a partially paralyzed woman died in a house fire. Flooding also impacted northwestern Louisiana. In the Shreveport area alone, 381 homes, 20 businesses, and 80 major highway intersections were flooded. The hurricane also spawned 11 tornadoes, destroying about 25 houses in southwestern Louisiana. Overall, Hurricane Bonnie caused $42 million (1986 USD) in damage and five fatalities.

## Meteorological history

In mid-June, a mid-level center of circulation formed in association with a quasi-stationary cold front that stretched across northern Florida and the extreme northeast Gulf of Mexico. On June 20, a weak and disorganized area of low pressure developed in conjunction with the front and it passed by Tampa Bay, Florida the following day. Upon moving into the eastern Gulf of Mexico, there was little convection observed on satellite imagery, although a distinguishable wind-shift was noted by an offshore buoy. However, by June 23, the presence of deep convection atop a circulation had become well-defined enough for the National Hurricane Center to classify the disturbance as a tropical depression, while centered 330 mi (530 km) southwest of Cape Coral, Florida. Moving generally west to west-northwestward across the central Gulf of Mexico, the National Hurricane Center sent a reconnaissance plane into the tropical depression at 1500 UTC on June 24, at which time winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) were found. About three hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Bonnie.

In the 24 hours after becoming a tropical storm, satellite imagery showed a substantial increase in upper-level outflow as Tropical Storm Bonnie gradually intensified. A reconnaissance plane into the system shortly before 1200 UTC on June 25 revealed hurricane-force winds 1,500 ft (460 m) above the surface. This evidence was the basis of Bonnie's upgrade to a Category 1 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale at 1800 UTC on June 25. During the afternoon hours of June 26, Bonnie reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 990 mbar (990 hPa; 29 inHg). While accelerating towards the northwest, the hurricane retained this intensity until landfall near High Island, Texas at 1000 UTC on June 26. Eight hours later, Bonnie weakened to a tropical storm and was downgraded to tropical depression status at 0000 UTC on June 27. The depression persisted until 1200 UTC on June 28, at which time it was absorbed by a frontal zone while located over the U.S. state of Missouri.

## Preparations

Upon the system being classified as a tropical depression, a high risk of landfall near Port Arthur, Texas was noted, giving federal officials sufficient lead time to warn local residents about a possible approaching hurricane. As the system neared landfall, tropical cyclone watches and warnings were issued for the Gulf Coast of the United States. At 1200 UTC on June 25, the National Hurricane Center issued a gale warning and a hurricane watch, stretching from Port O'Connor, Texas to the mouth of the Mississippi River. A few hours later, a hurricane warning was issued for area west of Morgan City, Louisiana to Freeport, Texas. In advance of the approaching storm, roughly 22,000 residents were evacuated, with 10,000 from Galveston County, Texas alone.

## Impact

Due to the small size of Hurricane Bonnie, damage was relatively light, totaling to $42 million. The storm was also attributed to five deaths, four in Texas and one in Louisiana.

### Texas

In some areas of eastern Texas, the storm dropped 10 to 13 in (250 to 330 mm) of rain, with a peak total of 13 inches (330 mm) in Ace. Heavy rains caused by Bonnie also lead a small dam collapse in northeastern Liberty County, Texas, resulting in severe flooding. In Hardin County, the Pine Island Bayou overflowed, causing water to enter hundreds of homes and businesses. Several major roadways were flooded due to flooding, including Highway 59 between Livingston and Shepherd, U.S. Route 79 in Panola County, and Interstate 20 and several farm-to-market roads in Harrison County. The Bear Foot Lake dam overflowed, damaging some homes and forcing 200 families to evacuate. Overall, approximately 1,300 people in southeastern Texas fled their homes due to flooding. Severe flooding left behind by the heavy rains caused $5 million in damage.

In addition to rain and flooding, winds damaged more homes and businesses, and a tornado was spawned a few miles southwest of Port Arthur. More than 19,000 power outages were reported in the area near where Bonnie made landfall. Texas State Highway 87 was closed in Jefferson County due to debris and electrical poles fallen on the roadway. The storm left broken windows, scattered tree limbs, and debris filled streets in Port Arthur and Beaumont. At the latter, strong winds toppled a radio tower at the Texas Department of Public Safety building, while several schools suffered damage to the roof and windows. Marinas and boats at Lake Sam Rayburn were damaged. Hank Creek Marina, located across the lake, broke free from its moorings and floated away, while portions of were submerged. Four indirect fatalities were confirmed in Texas, two from traffic accidents, one from a house fire ignited by a candle, and another from drowning. Several injuries were also reported, including four after a truck flipped over due to strong winds.

### Louisiana

Most of the damage in Louisiana occurred in Cameron Parish. Twenty-five homes, trailers, and cabins in southwestern Louisiana were destroyed, resulting in about $400,000 in damages. Two tornadoes were spawned in Webster Parish. The first caused about $15,000 in damage to the roofs of three homes. The other tornado destroyed three mobile homes and severely damaged an additional two as well as three permanent homes. Damage from this tornado totaled $200,000. Just south of Blanchard, 10.2 in (260 mm) of rain fell within a 12-hour period. Interstate 20 was closed from Shreveport to the Louisiana-Texas state line due to flooding, with as much as 5 ft (1.5 m) of standing water near Greenwood.

Torrential rains caused water inundation up to 10 ft (3.0 m) in some areas of Shreveport. Firefighters used boats to rescue some stranded Shreveport residents in their homes by sudden high water. Rescuers also had to bind themselves together to rescue some people stranded in a flooded trailer park. Flooding in the city forced police to barricade 50 major highway intersections. Along the shore of Cross Lake, about 80 homes were damaged by water intrusion. About 381 homes and 20 businesses in Shreveport were damaged by flooding. A tornado spawned in the city overturned an airplane at Shreveport Downtown Airport, damaged a roof from a house, and shattered a number of windows. No injuries were reported from the tornado. Damage in Louisiana from flooding alone totaled $11–13 million, with $4 million to highways and bridges, $1–2 million to vehicles, $5 million to property, and $1–2 million to boats. Three fishermen were tossed into a lake after a boat was capsized due to high winds. Two were rescued, but one perished.

### Elsewhere

Heavy rains from the remnant low-pressure area of Bonnie led to heavy rains in several states in the Southeastern United States. Rainfall was generally minor in most areas, however in Arkansas, rains totaled up to 11.75 in (298 mm) at the South Arkansas Regional Airport. Several roads were washed out in Ouachita County near Elliott. A number of roads and bridges were also washed out in Union County, with damage totaling $200,000. U.S. Route 79 was closed between Magnolia and Stephens because of standing water. Three or four families evacuated near the Ouachita-Union County line after the Smackover Creek overflowed its banks and flooded 20 homes. There was also a small area of heavy rains totaling up to 5 in (130 mm) along the border of Tennessee and Georgia.

1. Harold P. Gerrish (July 16, 1986). Preliminary Report Hurricane Bonnie: 23-28 June 1986 (Report). Hurricane Bonnie, Hurricane Wallet Digital Archives. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
2. Harold P. Gerrish (July 16, 1986). Preliminary best track, Hurricane Bonnie, 23-28 June 1986 (Report). Hurricane Bonnie, Hurricane Wallet Digital Archives. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
3. Harold P. Gerrish (July 16, 1986). Preliminary Report Hurricane Bonnie: 23-28 June 1986 (Report). Hurricane Bonnie, Hurricane Wallet Digital Archives. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
4. "Hurricane Bonnie Threatens the Gulf Coast". *The Pittsburgh Press*. Miami, FL. United Press International. June 25, 1986. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
5. The Deadliest, Costliest and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) (PDF). *National Hurricane Center* (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 10, 2011. p. 47. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
6. Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena (PDF) (Report). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. 1986. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 27, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
7. "Dying Bonnie Ravages Heartland, Spawning Floods and Tornadoes". *The Deseret News*. Shreveport, Louisiana. United Press International. June 28, 1986. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
8. "Bonnie's Blast Kills Two Before Dissipating". *The Evening Independent*. Port Arthur, Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1986. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
9. Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". *Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data*. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
10. "Bonnie loses power, clean-up starts". *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette*. Port Arthur, Texas. Associated Press. June 28, 1986. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
11. "Bonnie Loses Power, Clean-up Starts". *The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette*. Port Arthur, Texas. Associated Press. June 28, 1986. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
12. David M. Roth (March 6, 2013). Hurricane Bonnie – June 26-30, 1986 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
13. Roth, David M (May 12, 2022). "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Gulf Coast". *Tropical Cyclone Rainfall*. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

## InfoBox

Hurricane Bonnie
| Bonnie at peak intensity off the coast of Texas on June 26 | |
| --- | --- |
| Meteorological history | |
| Formed | June 23, 1986 (1986-06-23) |
| Dissipated | June 28, 1986 (1986-06-29) |
| Category 1 hurricane | |
| *1-minute sustained* (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 85 mph (140 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 990 mbar (hPa); 29.23 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 5 |
| Damage | $42 million (1986 USD) |
| Areas affected | Texas, Louisiana, Southeastern United States |
| IBTrACS | |
| ---  Part of the **1986 Atlantic hurricane season** | |


title: Yougounini

abstract: Yougounini is a town in the Kongoussi Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. It has a population of 1,273.

text:
# Yougounini

**Yougounini** is a town in the Kongoussi Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. It has a population of 1,273.

## InfoBox

| Yougounini | |
| --- | --- |
| YougouniniLocation in Burkina Faso | |
| Coordinates: 13°17′N 1°38′W / 13.283°N 1.633°W / 13.283; -1.633 | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Centre-Nord Region |
| Province | Bam Province |
| Department | Kongoussi Department |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 1,273 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT 0) |


title: The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian

abstract: The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian is the 1951 autobiography of Indian writer Nirad C. Chaudhuri. Written when he was around 50, it records his life from his birth in 1897 in Kishoreganj, a small town in present-day Bangladesh. The book relates his mental and intellectual development, his life and growth in Calcutta, his observations of vanishing landmarks, the changing Indian situation and the imminent exit of the British from India. The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian is divided into four books, each of which consists of a preface and four chapters. The first book is titled "Early Environment" and its four chapters are: 1) My Birth Place, 2) My Ancestral Place, 3) My Mother's Place and 4) England. Over the years, the autobiography has acquired many distinguished admirers. Winston Churchill thought it one of the best books he had ever read, according to his daughter, Mary Soames. V. S. Naipaul remarked: "No better account of the penetration of the Indian mind by the West—and by extension, of the penetration of one culture by another—will be or now can be written." In 1998, it was included, as one of the few Indian contributions, in The New Oxford Book of English Prose.

text:
# The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian

***The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian*** is the 1951 autobiography of Indian writer Nirad C. Chaudhuri. Written when he was around 50, it records his life from his birth in 1897 in Kishoreganj, a small town in present-day Bangladesh. The book relates his mental and intellectual development, his life and growth in Calcutta, his observations of vanishing landmarks, the changing Indian situation and the imminent exit of the British from India.

*The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian* is divided into four books, each of which consists of a preface and four chapters. The first book is titled "Early Environment" and its four chapters are: 1) My Birth Place, 2) My Ancestral Place, 3) My Mother's Place and 4) England.

Over the years, the autobiography has acquired many distinguished admirers. Winston Churchill thought it one of the best books he had ever read, according to his daughter, Mary Soames. V. S. Naipaul remarked: "No better account of the penetration of the Indian mind by the West—and by extension, of the penetration of one culture by another—will be or now can be written." In 1998, it was included, as one of the few Indian contributions, in *The New Oxford Book of English Prose*.

## InfoBox

The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian
| First UK edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Nirad C. Chaudhuri |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Comparative– historical, cultural and sociological analysis of early 20th century India and the British colonial encounter in India |
| Genre | Autobiographical, non-fiction |
| Publisher | Macmillan |
| Publication date | 1951 |
| Publication place | India |
| Media type | book |
| Pages | 506 |
| ISBN | 0-940322-82-X |
| OCLC | 47521258 |
| Dewey Decimal | 954/.14031/092 B 21 |
| LC Class | DS435.7.C5 A3 2001 |
| Followed by | *A Passage to England (1959)* |


title: The World Is a Ghetto (Geto Boys song)

abstract: "The World Is a Ghetto" is a single by the Geto Boys. The song appeared on the group's sixth album, The Resurrection, and was used on the Original Gangstas soundtrack. Produced by Mike Dean and N.O. Joe, the song was the Geto Boy's first charting single with the classic line-up of Scarface, Willie D and Bushwick Bill since their 1991 breakthrough "Mind Playing Tricks on Me". To date, "The World Is a Ghetto" remains the Geto Boys' last charting single, peaking at 82 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# The World Is a Ghetto (Geto Boys song)

"**The World Is a Ghetto**" is a single by the Geto Boys. The song appeared on the group's sixth album, *The Resurrection*, and was used on the *Original Gangstas* soundtrack.

Produced by Mike Dean and N.O. Joe, the song was the Geto Boy's first charting single with the classic line-up of Scarface, Willie D and Bushwick Bill since their 1991 breakthrough "Mind Playing Tricks on Me". To date, "The World Is a Ghetto" remains the Geto Boys' last charting single, peaking at 82 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Single track listing

### A-side

1. "The World Is a Ghetto" (Extra Clean Radio Edit)- 4:09
2. "The World Is a Ghetto" (Geto Clean Radio Edit)- 4:09
3. "The World Is a Ghetto" (Instrumental)- 4:09

### B-side

1. "The World Is a Ghetto" (LP Version)- 4:43
2. "Still" (LP Version)- 4:33
3. "Still" (Instrumental)- 4:26

## Charts

| Chart (1996) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 21 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 11 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 49 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 82 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 37 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 12 |
|

## InfoBox

| "The World Is a Ghetto" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Geto Boys | |
| from the album  *Original Gangstas (soundtrack)* and *The Resurrection* | |
| B-side | "Still" |
| Released | March 16, 1996 |
| Recorded | 1995 |
| Studio | Lil J's Studio, Houston, Texas |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 4:43 |
| Label | Rap-a-Lot, Noo Trybe |
| Songwriter(s) | Brad Jordan, Richard Shaw, William Dennis, Derrick Hunter, Gregory Hunter, Richard Buttrill, DeMarcus Porter |
| Producer(s) | N.O. Joe |
| Geto Boys singles chronology | |
| "Straight Gangstaism"
(1993) "**The World Is a Ghetto**"
(1996) "Geto Fantasy"
(1996) | |


title: Epiphanie Mukashyaka

abstract: Epiphanie Mukashyaka is a Rwandan businesswoman. She is the founder of Bufcoffee and the first woman producing specialty coffee in Rwanda.

text:
# Epiphanie Mukashyaka

**Epiphanie Mukashyaka** (born c. 1959–1960) is a Rwandan businesswoman. She is the founder of Bufcoffee and the first woman producing specialty coffee in Rwanda.

## Early life

Mukashyaka was born in 1959 or 1960 in Rwanda. She was educated for 6 years and married at the age of 17. She had 8 children.

At the time in pre-genocide Rwanda, women were not allowed to inherit land, and it was virtually impossible to run a business. By the end of the Rwandan genocide, about 70% of the population was female and about 30% male.

## Rwandan Genocide and creation of Bufcoffee

In 1994, the Rwandan Genocide occurred, resulting in the death of hundreds of thousands, including many of Mukashyaka's family members, such as her husband and one of her children. This left the Mukashyaka jobless and without any financial support. She was initially unable to inherit her husband's land but soon took control of it. She also received support from fellow widows in the community, including Ngara Nyarusiza, who later became a partner in the Bufcoffee business.

After the genocide, Mukashyaka took a 54 million Rwandan franc loan and built a coffee washing facility in Gikongoro called "Nyarusiza", the first owned by a woman in Rwanda, where she employed farmers to grow the beans. During the reconstruction of her coffee plantation, she received help from the USAID and PEARL. In 2004 her coffee was judged positively by Kenneth Davids. and in 2007, she opened a second coffee washing facility called "Remera"., In the same year she won the 2007 Golden Cup Rwandan coffee award, and the Rwandan Cup of Excellence award for coffee in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2014.

In 2016, the company had over 4,000 shareholders, and coffee exported at a premium to America.

In 2019, Mukashyaka was selected as the Rwandan Woman entrepreneur of the Year, winning 2 million Rwandan francs. She also got a partnership deal with Trademark East Africa.

### Covid-19 pandemic

At some point between 2016 and 2020 the company owned four washing facilities. When the COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda hit, business dropped slightly. By 2020, the company had about 12,000 workers, a decline from the previous year. Some had to give up working as coffee farmers due to the pandemic, which resulted in lower production, although business was still steady and safe. Payments methods had to be switched to online due to social distancing rules.

## Personal life

Mukashyaka's children work for the company. One is the managing director of Bufcoffee.

Mukashyaka built a community garden beside Umumvumu Kindergarten School to sustain better food security during the pandemic.


title: Mesopotamia, Argentina

abstract: The Mesopotamia or Región Mesopotámica is the humid and verdant area of northeast Argentina, comprising the provinces of Misiones, Entre Ríos, and Corrientes. The landscape and its characteristics are dominated by two rivers: the Paraná and the Uruguay. When Spanish settlers came to the area, the two parallel rivers and the lush area between them drew comparisons to Mesopotamia in modern-day Iraq, and it was decided that the Argentine region be named after the Iraqi region. The region shares many of its ecological features with neighboring regions of Argentina and with parts of Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Mesopotamia has some of the most popular tourist attractions in Argentina, mainly the Iguazú Falls, the Iguazú National Park, and the Jesuit mission stations in Misiones. The Iberá Wetlands in Corrientes are an extensive area of flooded forest similar to Brazil's Pantanal. The region is part of the Brazilian central plateau. The whole region has high rainfall, particularly in August and September, up to 2,000 mm annually. Misiones, in the northern part of Mesopotamia, is largely covered by subtropical forest, with caiman, toucans, and monkeys. Fast decomposition of organic matter gives the area a red soil with only a thin fertile layer that can easily be washed away. Corrientes is marshy and wooded, with low hills. Entre Ríos is covered with fertile pasture land that stretches into Uruguay. The flora of Mesopotamia includes the yatay palm, which is a protected species in the El Palmar National Park, and the Araucaria angustifolia. Tree ferns, orchids, and large trees can also be found. Yerba mate is grown largely in Mesopotamia; 1,800 square kilometres of Misiones are devoted to its production. The region is also important for cattle and sheep, poultry, linseed, tobacco, citrus, and rice. Gualeguaychú in Entre Ríos is popular for its carnival at the beginning of Lent. Corrientes is also known for its carnival celebrations and is a centre of music and festivals generally: the chamamé music style has recently seen a resurgence in popularity. The region called Litoral consists of the Mesopotamia and the provinces of Chaco, Formosa, and Santa Fe.

text:
# Mesopotamia, Argentina

The **Mesopotamia** or **Región Mesopotámica** is the humid and verdant area of northeast Argentina, comprising the provinces of Misiones, Entre Ríos, and Corrientes. The landscape and its characteristics are dominated by two rivers: the Paraná and the Uruguay.

When Spanish settlers came to the area, the two parallel rivers and the lush area between them drew comparisons to Mesopotamia (Greek: Μεσοποταμία "land between rivers") in modern-day Iraq, and it was decided that the Argentine region be named after the Iraqi region. The region shares many of its ecological features with neighboring regions of Argentina and with parts of Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Mesopotamia has some of the most popular tourist attractions in Argentina, mainly the Iguazú Falls, the Iguazú National Park, and the Jesuit mission stations in Misiones. The Iberá Wetlands in Corrientes are an extensive area of flooded forest similar to Brazil's Pantanal.

The region is part of the Brazilian central plateau. The whole region has high rainfall, particularly in August and September, up to 2,000 mm annually. Misiones, in the northern part of Mesopotamia, is largely covered by subtropical forest, with caiman, toucans, and monkeys. Fast decomposition of organic matter gives the area a red soil with only a thin fertile layer that can easily be washed away. Corrientes is marshy and wooded, with low hills. Entre Ríos is covered with fertile pasture land that stretches into Uruguay.

The flora of Mesopotamia includes the yatay palm (*Syagrus yatay*, *Butia yatay*), which is a protected species in the El Palmar National Park, and the *Araucaria angustifolia* (Paraná pine tree). Tree ferns, orchids, and large trees can also be found.

*Yerba mate* (*Ilex paraguariensis*) is grown largely in Mesopotamia; 1,800 square kilometres of Misiones are devoted to its production. The region is also important for cattle and sheep, poultry, linseed, tobacco, citrus, and rice.

Gualeguaychú in Entre Ríos is popular for its carnival at the beginning of Lent. Corrientes is also known for its carnival celebrations and is a centre of music and festivals generally: the chamamé music style has recently seen a resurgence in popularity.

The region called Litoral (Spanish for coastal) consists of the Mesopotamia and the provinces of Chaco, Formosa, and Santa Fe.

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Climate

Mesopotamia has a subtropical climate with no dry season. Under the Köppen climate classification, it has a humid subtropical climate (*Cfa*). The main features of the climate are high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. Rainfall is abundant throughout the year, because much of this region lies north of the subtropical high pressure belt, even in winter, meaning that it is exposed to moist easterly winds from the Atlantic Ocean throughout the year. With abundant precipitation throughout the year, water deficiencies and extended periods of droughts are uncommon and much of the region has a positive water balance.

### Precipitation

With the exception of Misiones Province which receives abundant precipitation throughout the year, precipitation is slightly higher in summer than in winter and generally decreases from east to west and from north to south. Average annual precipitation ranges from less than 1,000 mm (39 in) in the southern parts to approximately 1,800 mm (71 in) in the eastern parts of Misiones province. Summers (December–February) are one of the most humid seasons with an average precipitation of 350 mm (14 in) in these months although it can range from a low of 300 mm (12 in) to a high of 450 mm (18 in). Most of the rainfall during summer falls during convective thunderstorms. Fall (March–May) is one of the rainiest seasons with many places receiving over 350 mm (14 in). This can vary from a high of 480 mm (19 in) in Misiones province to less than 180 mm (7.1 in). As in summer, much of the precipitation falls during convective thunderstorms. Winter (June–August) is the driest season with a mean precipitation of only 110 mm (4.3 in). Mean winter precipitation ranges from less than 40 mm (1.6 in) in the west to over 340 mm (13 in) in the eastern parts. Unlike summer and spring where precipitation mainly falls from convective thunderstorms, most of the precipitation during winter comes from frontal systems, particularly the Sudestada which often bring long periods of precipitation, cloudiness, cooler temperatures and strong winds. Spring (September–November) is similar to fall, with a mean precipitation of 340 mm (13 in).

### Temperatures

Summers are very hot, and owing to abundant rainfall very humid, while winters feature mild to warm weather. As a whole, the region has high temperatures throughout the year. The northern areas are warmer than the southern parts. In Misiones province, mean annual temperatures range between 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) in Bernardo de Irigoyen to 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) in Posadas. The lower mean annual temperature recorded in Bernardo de Irigoyen, despite being located further north than Posadas is due to its higher altitude, resulting in a cooler climate. In Corrientes Province, mean annual temperatures range from 19.7 °C (67.5 °F) in Curuzú Cuatía in the south to 22.2 °C (72.0 °F). The southern parts of Corrientes province have cooler temperatures and have a climate more similar to Entre Ríos Province, where mean annual temperatures range from 17 °C (62.6 °F) in the south to 20 °C (68.0 °F) in the north. During heat waves, temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104.0 °F) in the summer months while in the winter months, cold air masses from the south can push temperatures below freezing causing frost. However, such cold fronts tend to be brief and are less intense than areas further south or at higher altitudes. Snowfall is extremely rare and mainly confined to the uplands of Misiones province, where the last significant snowfall occurred in 1975 in Bernado de Irigoyen.

## Bibliography


abstract: North Otter Township is located in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 816 and it contained 449 housing units.

text:
# North Otter Township, Macoupin County, Illinois

**North Otter Township** (T12N R7W) is located in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 816 and it contained 449 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.35 square miles (94.1 km2), of which 35.67 square miles (92.4 km2) (or 98.13%) is land and 0.68 square miles (1.8 km2) (or 1.87%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 (est.) | 791 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Adjacent townships

1. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
2. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

## InfoBox

| North Otter Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
|  | |
| Location of Illinois in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 39°29′N 89°52′W / 39.483°N 89.867°W / 39.483; -89.867 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Macoupin |
| Settled | November 1, 1870 |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.35 sq mi (94.1 km2) |
| Land | 35.67 sq mi (92.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.68 sq mi (1.8 km2) |
| Elevation | 659 ft (201 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Estimate (2016) | 791 |
| Density | 22.9/sq mi (8.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 17-117-54040 |


title: Forest Grove National Park

abstract: Forest Grove National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 292 km (181 mi) south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River. To the east of the national park lies an unnamed national park (WA46400), which connects Forest Grove to the Blackwood River National Park. It is located in the Jarrah Forest and Warren bioregions. Forest Grove National Park was created in 2004 as Class A reserve No. 47673 with a size of 1,379 hectares by an act of parliament by the Parliament of Western Australia on 8 December 2004, as one of 19 national parks proclaimed in the state that day.

text:
# Forest Grove National Park

**Forest Grove National Park** is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 292 km (181 mi) south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River. To the east of the national park lies an unnamed national park (WA46400), which connects Forest Grove to the Blackwood River National Park. It is located in the Jarrah Forest and Warren bioregions.

Forest Grove National Park was created in 2004 as Class A reserve No. 47673 with a size of 1,379 hectares (3,410 acres) by an act of parliament by the Parliament of Western Australia on 8 December 2004, as one of 19 national parks proclaimed in the state that day.

## InfoBox

| Forest Grove National Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | National park |
| Location | South West region |
| Coordinates | 34°05′47″S 115°08′06″E / 34.09639°S 115.13500°E / -34.09639; 115.13500 (Forest Grove National Park) |
| Area | 1,379 hectares (3,410 acres) |
| Established | 2004 |
| Administered by | Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions |


title: Gouandiaka

abstract: Gouandiaka is a rural commune in the Cercle of Yanfolila in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 1,169 square kilometers and includes 29 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 26,287. The village of Kalana, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 44 km south of Yanfolila.

text:
# Gouandiaka

**Gouandiaka** is a rural commune in the Cercle of Yanfolila in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 1,169 square kilometers and includes 29 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 26,287. The village of Kalana, the administrative center (*chef-lieu*) of the commune, is 44 km south of Yanfolila.

## InfoBox

| Gouandiaka | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| KalanaLocation in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 10°47′10″N 8°11′30″W / 10.78611°N 8.19167°W / 10.78611; -8.19167 | |
| Country | Mali |
| Region | Sikasso Region |
| Cercle | Yanfolila Cercle |
| Admin HQ (*Chef-lieu*) | Kalana |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,169 km2 (451 sq mi) |
| Population (2009 census) | |
| Total | 26,287 |
| Density | 22/km2 (58/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Hurricane Brass Band

abstract: The Hurricane Brass Band was a brass band from New Orleans, Louisiana. Established by Leroy Jones in 1974 when the Fairview Baptist Church Marching Band was disbanded, the group included Jones and Gregory Davis on trumpet, Darryl Adams on alto saxophone, and Anthony "Tuba Fats" Lacen on sousaphone. When Jones left the band to pursue a solo career, Adams took over as leader and renamed the group the Tornado Brass Band. Adams still serves as the leader of Tornado Brass Band. While some members of the band went on to form the Dirty Dozen Brass Band in 1977.

text:
# Hurricane Brass Band

The **Hurricane Brass Band** was a brass band from New Orleans, Louisiana. Established by Leroy Jones in 1974 when the Fairview Baptist Church Marching Band was disbanded, the group included Jones and Gregory Davis on trumpet, Darryl Adams on alto saxophone, and Anthony "Tuba Fats" Lacen on sousaphone. When Jones left the band to pursue a solo career, Adams took over as leader and renamed the group the Tornado Brass Band. Adams still serves as the leader of Tornado Brass Band. While some members of the band went on to form the Dirty Dozen Brass Band in 1977.


title: The Autograph Hunter

abstract: The Autograph Hunter is a 1934 short animated film distributed by Columbia Pictures, featuring the comic strip character Krazy Kat as well as some caricatures of well-known actors of the time.

text:
# The Autograph Hunter

***The Autograph Hunter*** is a 1934 short animated film distributed by Columbia Pictures, featuring the comic strip character Krazy Kat as well as some caricatures of well-known actors of the time.

## Plot

A fancy domed restaurant is open in the city, and famous actors make up most of the patrons. This catches the attention of Krazy who aims to get their autographs. John Barrymore comes out of a luxuriant car, and walks toward the restaurant. Krazy comes and asks for his signature of which the man accepts to sign. Krazy wants to collect more autographs but the bouncer would not let him enter the place.

To get around the bouncer, Krazy enters the back door of the restaurant. He finds Laurel and Hardy working there as dishwashers. When Krazy asks for an autograph, Laurel is the one to sign.

Krazy then proceeds to the dining area. He meets Edward G. Robinson who signs by writing three x's with watermelon seeds. He next meets Mae West who writes "you can be had" on his book. He then meets the Marx Brothers who sign by playing tic-tac-toe. He then comes across Jimmy Durante who is not in the mood to sign, but Greta Garbo sharing Durante's table, and even mimicking the actor's catchphrase, is the one to write. Krazy goes on to receive signings from Joe E. Brown, and Eddie Cantor who writes ovals and a zigzagging line on his book. He comes to Wallace Beery who is having difficulty eating soup but the cat quickly changes his mind. He approaches Marie Dressler with an overweight man. The overweight couple plays tug-of-war with Krazy's book until it is Dressler who wins and gets to sign. The last person to autograph Krazy's book is Charlie Chaplin. As Chaplin stands up before leaving, however, numerous butter knives drop from that actor's garments. This attracts the bouncer who spots and starts chasing Krazy.

The bouncer chases Krazy across the restaurant. After bashing a lot of objects and a few bystanders one of which being Maurice Chevalier, the bouncer eventually catches Krazy. But to Krazy's amazement, the bouncer turns out to be a fan who just wants the cat's autograph.

## InfoBox

| The Autograph Hunter | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Manny Gould
Ben Harrison |
| Story by | Harry Love |
| Produced by | Charles Mintz |
| Music by | Joe de Nat |
| Animation by | Preston Blair
Allen Rose |
| Color process | Black and white |
| Production
company | The Charles Mintz Studio |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * January 5, 1934 (1934-01-05) |
| Running time | 6:14 |
| Language | English |