title: Owkin

abstract: Owkin is an AI biotech company that uses artificial intelligence to identify new treatments, optimize clinical trials and develop AI diagnostics. The company uses federated learning, a type of privacy preserving technology, to access multimodal patient data from academic institutions and hospitals to train its AI models for drug discovery, development, and diagnostics. Owkin has collaborated with pharmaceutical companies around the world to improve their therapeutic programs.

text:
# Owkin

**Owkin** is an AI biotech company that uses artificial intelligence to identify new treatments, optimize clinical trials and develop AI diagnostics. The company uses federated learning, a type of privacy preserving technology, to access multimodal patient data from academic institutions and hospitals to train its AI models for drug discovery, development, and diagnostics. Owkin has collaborated with pharmaceutical companies around the world to improve their therapeutic programs.

## History

Owkin was founded in 2016, by Thomas Clozel, a clinical research doctor and son of Jean-Paul and Martine Clozel founders of Swiss biotech Actelion, and Gilles Wainrib, a professor of Artificial Intelligence.

Owkin has raised over $255 million and became a ‘unicorn’ – a startup valued at more than $1 billion – in November 2021 through a $180 million investment from French biopharma company Sanofi.

## Technologies

### Federated learning

Owkin uses federated learning, a decentralized machine learning technique, to train machine learning models with multiple data providers. Federated learning allows data providers to collaborate without moving or sharing their data.

The *MELLODDY* project, an initiative that included Owkin, 10 pharmaceutical companies, and six other partners, applied federated learning to train AI on datasets without having to share proprietary data. The aim was to improve drug discovery and they built a shared platform called MELLODDY (Machine Learning Ledger Orchestration for Drug Discovery). The first results of the project were published in July 2022.

### Transfer learning

Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that allows a model pre-trained on one task to be used on another related task. Owkin uses transfer learning to work on very small datasets. Owkin's model (CHOWDER) is able to understand high-level graphic patterns, such as tumors, that are themselves relying on very low-level visual patterns, in order to fully learn the tumor's visual pattern.

## Products and Services

### MSIntuit CRC

MSIntuit CRC is an AI-powered digital pre-screening diagnostic tool to improve colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment. It screens patients for microsatellite instability (MSI), which is a key genomic biomarker in colorectal cancer. MSIntuit CRC is approved for use across the European Union. It underwent a blind validation in 2023, made possibly partly by its availability within Medipath, the largest pathology lab network in France.

### Dx RlapsRisk BC

Dx RlapsRisk BC uses AI to predict if breast cancer patients will relapse within a few years of initial treatment. It is used by pathologists and oncologists to help determine the right treatment pathway for breast cancer patients.

## Partnerships

### Amgen

Owkin collaborated with Amgen to test the ability of AI to improve cardiovascular prediction.

### Sanofi

In November 2021 Owkin entered a strategic alliance with Sanofi. The alliance included a $180 million equity investment, and a $90 million discovery and development partnership focused on Sanofi’s oncology efforts in four different cancers. Sanofi used Owkin’s technology to find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, build prognostic models, and predict response to treatment.

### Bristol-Myers Squibb

In June 2022, Owkin entered a strategic alliance with Bristol-Myers Squibb to help them design potentially more precise and efficient clinical trials. The collaboration initially focused on cardiovascular disease, and has the potential to expand into projects in other therapeutic areas.

### MSD

In December 2023, Owkin entered a strategic alliance with MSD to develop and commercialize AI-powered digital pathology diagnostics for the EU market that could be used to identify patients suitable for immunotherapies.

### Servier

In October 2023, Owkin and Servier started a multi-year partnership focused on developing “better-targeted therapies” in oncology and other disease areas. The partnership’s first two projects were in translational medicine and digital pathology.

### MOSAIC

MOSAIC (Multi Omic Spatial Atlas in Cancer) was formed by Owkin, Nanostring Technologies, the University of Pittsburgh, Gustave Roussy, Lausanne University Hospital, Uniklinikum Erlangen/Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. It uses spatial omics, multimodal patient data, and artificial intelligence, and aims to “offer unprecedented information on the structure of tumors” and guide new treatments.

## Publications

Owkin’s research on AI/ML has led to a number of publications that focus on machine learning methodologies and the development of predictive models for different disease areas, mainly oncology.

1. Courtiol, Pierre et al. “Deep learning-based classification of mesothelioma improves prediction of patient outcome”, Nat Med 25, 1519–1525 (2019)
2. Schmauch, Benoît et al. “A deep learning model to predict RNA-Seq expression of tumours from whole slide images”, Nature Communications volume 11, Article number: 3877 (2020)
3. Jean Ogier du Terrail et al. “Federated learning for predicting histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer" Nat Med (2023). 10.1038/s41591-022-02155
4. Saiilard et al., “Pacpaint: a histology-based deep learning model uncovers the extensive intratumor molecular heterogeneity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma” Nat Commun 14, 3459 (2023)
5. Saillard et al., “Validation of MSIntuit as an AI-based pre-screening tool for MSI detection from colorectal cancer histology slides” Nature Communications 14, 6695 (2023)
6. Saillard et al., "Predicting Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Using Deep Learning on Histological Slides" Hepatology 72 (2020)

## Awards

* 2019 AI For Health challenge
* 2020 Galien Foundation Best Digital Health Product Nominee
* 2021 Tech For Good Awards - “Health” category
* 2021 Member Recognition Awards from the French American Chamber of Commerce - Technology, Startups & Entrepreneurs Committee Awards

1. "AI Steps Up to Streamline MSI Testing in Colorectal Cancer". *AZoRobotics.com*. 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
2. Alston, Fiona (2023-03-31). "French AI biotech unicorn Owkin has launched a €33 million AI-powered precision medicine project for cancer diagnosis and treatment". *www.tech.eu*. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
3. "Amgen, Owkin Use AI to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Prediction". *Contract Pharma*. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
4. "Owkin heads to Basel". *Basel Area Business & Innovation*. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
5. Rosemain, Mathieu (2021-11-18). "Drugmaker Sanofi invests $180 mln in French AI startup Owkin". *Reuters*. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
6. Vinluan, Frank (2022-10-04). "Sanofi exec jumps to Owkin to ramp up the AI biotech's pharma partnership plans". *MedCity News*. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
7. Nanalyze (2020-01-27). "Federated Learning Explained Simply - Nanalyze". *www.nanalyze.com*. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
8. "L'apprentissage fédéré, le futur de la médecine basée sur les données - mind Health". *www.mind.eu.com*. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
9. Wiggers, Kyle (2020-09-17). "Major pharma companies, including Novartis and Merck, build federated learning platform for drug discovery". *VentureBeat*. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
10. "Federated Learning Can Protect Patients' Data In Hospitals". *The Medical Futurist*. 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
11. outsourcing-pharma.com (2018-02-15). "OWKIN secures $11m to scale AI-driven drug discovery platform". *outsourcing-pharma.com*. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
12. Saillard, Charlie; Dubois, Rémy; Tchita, Oussama; Loiseau, Nicolas; Garcia, Thierry; Adriansen, Aurélie; Carpentier, Séverine; Reyre, Joelle; Enea, Diana; von Loga, Katharina; Kamoun, Aurélie; Rossat, Stéphane; Wiscart, Corentin; Sefta, Meriem; Auffret, Michaël (2023-11-06). "Validation of MSIntuit as an AI-based pre-screening tool for MSI detection from colorectal cancer histology slides". *Nature Communications*. **14** (1): 6695. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42453-6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10628260.
13. Thomas, Uduak (2023-11-10). "Owkin's AI Diagnostic for Colorectal Cancer Takes Center Stage with Promising Validation Results". *GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News*. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
14. "Owkin AI for identifying breast, colorectal cancer types score EU approval". *Fierce Biotech*.
15. "Sanofi inks $270M cancer AI deal with R&D platform developer Owkin". *Fierce Biotech*.
16. "Drugmaker Sanofi invests $180 mln in French AI startup Owkin". *Reuters*.
17. Burroughs, Tasmin Lockwood, Callum. "Exclusive: Medical AI startup Owkin just secured $80 million as it gears up to enhance drug trials with the pharmaceutical giant Bristol Myers Squibb". *Business Insider*. Retrieved 2024-01-04.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
18. "BMS Enlists Owkin's AI/ML Tech to Improve Clinical Trials". *BioSpace*. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
19. "Owkin and MSD join forces on AI-powered digital pathology". *pharmaphorum*. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
20. "Owkin signs up another pharma partner for its AI platform". *pharmaphorum*. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
21. "ASCO: AI-powered MOSAIC will build 3D atlas for cancer". *pharmaphorum*. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
22. outsourcing-pharma.com (2023-06-08). "Owkin invests $50M in spatial omics project that will 'revolutionize cancer research'". *outsourcing-pharma.com*. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
23. Courtiol, Pierre; Maussion, Charles; Moarii, Matahi; Pronier, Elodie; Pilcer, Samuel; Sefta, Meriem; Manceron, Pierre; Toldo, Sylvain; Zaslavskiy, Mikhail; Le Stang, Nolwenn; Girard, Nicolas; Elemento, Olivier; Nicholson, Andrew G.; Blay, Jean-Yves; Galateau-Sallé, Françoise (October 2019). "Deep learning-based classification of mesothelioma improves prediction of patient outcome". *Nature Medicine*. **25** (10): 1519–1525. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0583-3. ISSN 1078-8956.
24. Schmauch, Benoît; Romagnoni, Alberto; Pronier, Elodie; Saillard, Charlie; Maillé, Pascale; Calderaro, Julien; Kamoun, Aurélie; Sefta, Meriem; Toldo, Sylvain; Zaslavskiy, Mikhail; Clozel, Thomas; Moarii, Matahi; Courtiol, Pierre; Wainrib, Gilles (2020-08-03). "A deep learning model to predict RNA-Seq expression of tumours from whole slide images". *Nature Communications*. **11** (1): 3877. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17678-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7400514.
25. Ogier du Terrail, Jean; Leopold, Armand; Joly, Clément; Béguier, Constance; Andreux, Mathieu; Maussion, Charles; Schmauch, Benoît; Tramel, Eric W.; Bendjebbar, Etienne; Zaslavskiy, Mikhail; Wainrib, Gilles; Milder, Maud; Gervasoni, Julie; Guerin, Julien; Durand, Thierry (January 2023). "Federated learning for predicting histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer". *Nature Medicine*. **29** (1): 135–146. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02155-w. ISSN 1546-170X.
26. Saillard, Charlie; Delecourt, Flore; Schmauch, Benoit; Moindrot, Olivier; Svrcek, Magali; Bardier-Dupas, Armelle; Emile, Jean Francois; Ayadi, Mira; Rebours, Vinciane; de Mestier, Louis; Hammel, Pascal; Neuzillet, Cindy; Bachet, Jean Baptiste; Iovanna, Juan; Dusetti, Nelson (2023-06-13). "Pacpaint: a histology-based deep learning model uncovers the extensive intratumor molecular heterogeneity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma". *Nature Communications*. **14** (1): 3459. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39026-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10264377.
27. Saillard, Charlie; Dubois, Rémy; Tchita, Oussama; Loiseau, Nicolas; Garcia, Thierry; Adriansen, Aurélie; Carpentier, Séverine; Reyre, Joelle; Enea, Diana; von Loga, Katharina; Kamoun, Aurélie; Rossat, Stéphane; Wiscart, Corentin; Sefta, Meriem; Auffret, Michaël (2023-11-06). "Validation of MSIntuit as an AI-based pre-screening tool for MSI detection from colorectal cancer histology slides". *Nature Communications*. **14** (1): 6695. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42453-6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10628260.
28. Saillard, Charlie; Schmauch, Benoit; Laifa, Oumeima; Moarii, Matahi; Toldo, Sylvain; Zaslavskiy, Mikhail; Pronier, Elodie; Laurent, Alexis; Amaddeo, Giuliana; Regnault, Hélène; Sommacale, Daniele; Ziol, Marianne; Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel; Mulé, Sébastien; Luciani, Alain (December 2020). "Predicting Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Using Deep Learning on Histological Slides". *Hepatology*. **72** (6): 2000. doi:10.1002/hep.31207. ISSN 0270-9139.
29. Maignan, Iris (2019-09-13). "3 informations pour bien commencer la journée : Chaire Good In Tech, les Rebondisseurs, et Owkin". *Maddyness - Le média pour comprendre l'économie de demain* (in French). Retrieved 2024-01-30.
30. Hamilton-Basich, Melanie (2020-10-05). "Prix Galien Nominees for Best Digital Health Product Announced". *24x7*. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
31. "Tech For Good Awards: découvrez les gagnants de l'édition 2021". *BFM BUSINESS* (in French). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
32. "2021 Member Recognition Awards Recognize Impactful Initiatives in the FACC-NY Network". *www.faccnyc.org*. Retrieved 2024-01-26.

## InfoBox

Owkin
|
|  |
| Industry | Biotechnology |
| Founded | August 3, 2016 (2016-08-03) |
| Founder | Thomas Clozel, Gilles Wainrib |
| Headquarters | Paris, France |
| Area served | US, France, UK, Switzerland, Germany, Spain |
| Products | MSIntuit CRC, RlapsRisk BC |
| Services | AI Drug Discovery, AI Drug Development, AI Diagnostics |
| Number of employees | 350 (2023) |
| Website | owkin.com |


title: Moerckia

abstract:
Moerckia is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Moerckiaceae. The genus was first described by Gottsche. The species of this genus are found in Northern Hemisphere. Species:
  - Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche

text:
# Moerckia

***Moerckia*** is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Moerckiaceae.

The genus was first described by Gottsche.

The species of this genus are found in Northern Hemisphere.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Moerckia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Moerckia blyttii, also known as Blytt's Ruffwort. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Marchantiophyta |
| Class: | Jungermanniopsida |
| Order: | Pallaviciniales |
| Family: | Moerckiaceae |
| Genus: | *Moerckia*<br>Gottsche |
|


title: Reactionary modernism

abstract: Reactionary modernism is a term first coined by Jeffrey Herf in the 1980s to describe the mixture of "great enthusiasm for modern technology with a rejection of the Enlightenment and the values and institutions of liberal democracy" that was characteristic of the German Conservative Revolutionary movement and Nazism. In turn, this ideology of reactionary modernism was closely linked to the original, positive view of the Sonderweg, which saw Germany as the great Central European power, neither of the West nor of the East.

text:
# Reactionary modernism

**Reactionary modernism** is a term first coined by Jeffrey Herf in the 1980s to describe the mixture of "great enthusiasm for modern technology with a rejection of the Enlightenment and the values and institutions of liberal democracy" that was characteristic of the German Conservative Revolutionary movement and Nazism. In turn, this ideology of reactionary modernism was closely linked to the original, positive view of the *Sonderweg*, which saw Germany as the great Central European power, neither of the West nor of the East.

## Overview

Herf's application of the term to describe fascism has been widely echoed by other scholars. Herf had used the term to denote a trend in intellectual thought during the era, what German novelist Thomas Mann had described as "a highly technological romanticism" during the interwar years. Herf used the term in reference to a wide range of German cultural figures, including Ernst Jünger, Oswald Spengler, Carl Schmitt, and Hans Freyer.

Raphel Costra argues that fascism is a modernist movement, as its desire for revolutionary and total projects to remake society could only have emerged in the early 20th century when society and culture were permeated with modernist meta-narratives of cultural renewal. Fascism, in the words of historian Modris Eksteins, "was a desire to create mankind anew." David Roberts, in his 2016 book *Fascist Interactions*, argues that "by now it is widely held that fascism was not some revolt against modernity but the quest for an alternative modernity."

## In various eras

### Interwar Europe

Since Herf created the neologism, it has gained mainstream currency with historians in discussing the paradoxical European enthusiasm for paternalistic authoritarianism and volkish nationalism on the one hand, and new technological and political concepts on the other hand, all under totalitarian regimes.

Reactionary modernism has been explored as a theme in the interwar literature and broader political culture of Great Britain. It has been examined in the context of other European countries during the interwar period, including Romania, Greece, Sweden, and Spain. It has even been examined in the context of fascism in Japan. Other historians acknowledge the term's recognition of an influential trend in European philosophical, cultural and political thought during the period when fascism was on the rise. Historian Nicolas Guilhot has broadened the scope of reactionary modernism, applying the term to trends in Weimar Republic industry, medicine (eugenics), mass politics, and social engineering. Reactionary modernism can be seen in the fascist concept of the New Man, as well as in art movements of Weimar culture that emphasized rationalism and embraced Futurism and the New Objectivity. Many Weimar period artists rejected the Futurists' fetishization of machinery and violence, for example the proponents of German Expressionism. Despite this, the return to order became a dominant theme in German culture and in that of other European countries.

### Present day

Herf now applies the term to claim similarity to the governments of Iran under the Ayatollahs, the government of Iraq under Saddam Hussein, and extremist Islamist groups such as Al Qaeda. Other scholars, including Paul Berman, have also applied Herf's term to radical Islamism.

Cultural critic Richard Barbrook argues that members of the digerati, who adhere to the Californian Ideology, embrace a form of reactionary modernism which combines economic growth with social stratification.

## Criticism of the Herf thesis

Thomas Rohkrämer criticized the concept of reactionary modernism, arguing "It is simply not strange or 'paradoxical to reject the Enlightenment and embrace technology at the same time', but a common practice in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany as well as in many other countries. Instrumental reason and technology are available for an endless number of different purposes, many of which are not humane or enlightened". Support for this view also came from Roger Griffin, who argued "fascism as an *ideology* and *movement* can be seen as proposing a radical alternative to liberal and socialist visions of what form modernity ideally should take. It represents an uncompromising rejection both of thorough-going liberalism and extreme 'modernism', whose logical culmination it sees as relativism, anomie, subjectivism, and the loss of definitive meaning and 'eternal' values. It is an attempt to re-anchor modern human beings within that highly modern phenomenon, the totalitarian state (a term used positively by Fascism) through consciously manipulated historical, national and racist myth (all deeply modern ideological constructs)".


title: Hamaderakōen Station

abstract: Hamaderakōen Station Hamaderakōen Station is a passenger railway station located in Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Nankai Electric Railway. It has the station number "NK15".

text:
# Hamaderakōen Station

**Hamaderakōen Station** (浜寺公園駅, *Hamaderakōen-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Nankai Electric Railway. It has the station number "NK15".

## Lines

Hamaderakōen Station is served by the Nankai Main Line, and is 14.8 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Nanba.

## Layout

The station consists of an island platform for Wakayamashi and Kansai Airport serving two tracks, and a side platform for Namba serving two tracks which Track 4 was used for the trains returning at this station to Namba.The station building was rebuilt by Kingo Tatsuno in 1907 and is a Registered Tangible Cultural Property.

### Platforms

| **1, 2** | Nankai Line | for Wakayamashi and ( Airport Line) Kansai Airport |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **3** | Nankai Line | for Namba (south of the side platform, usually used) |
| **4** | Nankai Line | for Namba (north of the side platform, used during rush hour) |

| Hamaderakōen Station layout |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nankai Main Line (NK15) | | | | |
| Suwanomori (NK14) |  | Local (普通車) |  | Hagoromo (NK16) |
| Suwanomori (NK14) |  | Semi-Express (only running for Namba on weekday mornings) |  | Hagoromo (NK16) |
| Sub. Express: Does not stop at this station | | | | |
| Airport Express: Does not stop at this station | | | | |
| Express: Does not stop at this station | | | | |
| Limited Express "Rapi:t α" (only running for Kansai Airport on weekdays): Does not stop at this station | | | | |
| Limited Express "Rapi:t β": Does not stop at this station | | | | |
| Limited Express "Southern": Does not stop at this station | | | | |

## History

Hamaderakōen Station opened on 1 October 1897 as **Hamadera Station** (浜寺駅). It was rebuilt and renamed to its present name on 20 August 1907

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 4274 passengers daily.

## Connections

* Hankai Tramway Hankai Line (HN31: Hamadera-ekimae Station, for Abikomichi, Ebisucho and Tennoji-ekimae) - 150 m west from Hamaderakōen Station

## Surrounding area

* Hamadera Park
* Fukueido
* Hamadera Central Hospital

Media related to Hamaderakoen Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Hamaderakōen Station
浜寺公園駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamaderakōen Station old building in September 2014 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 188, Hamaderakōen-cho 2-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka-fu 592-8346
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°32′27″N 135°26′40″E / 34.540925°N 135.444411°E / 34.540925; 135.444411 |
| Operated by | Nankai Electric Railway |
| Line(s) | Nankai Main Line |
| Platforms | 1 island + 2 side platforms |
| Other information | |
| Station code | NK15 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 October 1897 (1897-10-01) |
| Rebuilt | 1907 (1907) |
| Previous names | Hamadera (until 1907) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2019 | 4274 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Hamaderakōen StationLocation within Osaka PrefectureHamaderakōen StationHamaderakōen Station (Japan) | |


title: Henri Louette

abstract: Henri Jules Célestin Louette was a Belgian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Winter Olympics. Louette was born in Rance, Belgium, but grew up in Chambly-Vercheres, Quebec.

text:
# Henri Louette

**Henri Jules Célestin Louette** (6 September 1900  9 January 1985) was a Belgian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Winter Olympics. Louette was born in Rance, Belgium, but grew up in Chambly-Vercheres, Quebec.

## InfoBox

| Henri Louette | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1900-09-06)6 September 1900
Rance, Belgium | | |
| Died | 9 January 1985(1985-01-09) (aged 84)
Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Position | Centre | | |
| National team | Belgium | | |
| Playing career | 19221924 | | |


title: Heinrich von Wlislocki

abstract: Heinrich Adalbert von Wlislocki was a Transylvanian linguist and folklorist. The son of an ethnically Polish Austro-Hungarian Imperial tax collector and a Transylvanian Saxon, he attended the venerable Johannes Honterus Gymnasium (school) in Kronstadt and then the recently founded University of Klausenburg from 1875 to 1879. In 1879 he earned his doctorate with a dissertation on Eddic poetry, Hapax Legomena im Atlamál, which was published in Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum, a journal edited by his academic advisors, Hugo Meltzl and Sámuel Brassai. After the death of his father, he worked in humble circumstances as a private tutor. From 1883 to 1890 he lived in Mühlbach (Sebeș). In his specialty, Romani studies, he pursued an extensive literary collection effort and engaged in field studies with nomadic Transylvanian Gypsies. He became a member of a clan and was married for a time to a Gypsy woman named Rosa Saric, from whom he was later divorced. He developed a distinguished reputation as a researcher in this area. Charles Godfrey Leland in 1889 said Wlislocki was probably more "practically familiar" with Gypsy life and language than "any scholar who ever lived." From 1896 to 1898 he collaborated on Hans Ferdinand Helmolt's History of the World. In his last years, from 1899 to his death in 1907, he suffered from mental illness and lived under the care of his then-wife, a teacher of Hungarian named Fanny Dörfler. Dörfler was a published folkorist herself. Wlislocki published numerous essays in periodicals, among others in the Ungarischen Revue, the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Literaturgeschichte, the Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, the Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie and the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. He also worked as a translator, translating Sandor Petőfi into Icelandic and János Vajda and "K. Szász" into German. In 2001, the Department of Romology of the University of Pécs established the Wlislocki Henrik Roma Student College, named after Wlislocki.

text:
# Heinrich von Wlislocki

**Heinrich Adalbert von Wlislocki** (Hungarian: *Wlislocki Henrik*; born 9 July 1856 in Kronstadt; died 19 February 1907 in Klosdorf bei Kleinkopisch, now in Șona) was a Transylvanian linguist and folklorist.

The son of an ethnically Polish Austro-Hungarian Imperial tax collector and a Transylvanian Saxon, he attended the venerable Johannes Honterus Gymnasium (school) in Kronstadt and then the recently founded University of Klausenburg (later Franz Joseph University) from 1875 to 1879. In 1879 he earned his doctorate with a dissertation on Eddic poetry, *Hapax Legomena im Atlamál*, which was published in *Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum,* a journal edited by his academic advisors, Hugo Meltzl and Sámuel Brassai. After the death of his father, he worked in humble circumstances as a private tutor. From 1883 to 1890 he lived in Mühlbach (Sebeș).

In his specialty, Romani studies, he pursued an extensive literary collection effort and engaged in field studies with nomadic Transylvanian Gypsies. He became a member of a clan and was married for a time to a Gypsy woman named Rosa Saric, from whom he was later divorced. He developed a distinguished reputation as a researcher in this area. Charles Godfrey Leland in 1889 said Wlislocki was probably more "practically familiar" with Gypsy life and language than "any scholar who ever lived."

From 1896 to 1898 he collaborated on Hans Ferdinand Helmolt's *History of the World*. In his last years, from 1899 to his death in 1907, he suffered from mental illness and lived under the care of his then-wife, a teacher of Hungarian named Fanny Dörfler. Dörfler was a published folkorist herself.

Wlislocki published numerous essays in periodicals, among others in the *Ungarischen Revue* (Hungarian Review), the *Zeitschrift für vergleichende Literaturgeschichte*, the *Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society*, the *Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie* and the *Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft*. He also worked as a translator, translating Sandor Petőfi into Icelandic and János Vajda and "K. Szász" (per Helmolt, probably Károly Szász, 1829–1905) into German.

In 2001, the Department of Romology of the University of Pécs established the Wlislocki Henrik Roma Student College, named after Wlislocki.

## Publications

* *Haideblüten. Volkslieder der transsilvanischen Zigeuner,* Leipzig: Friedrich, 1880
* *Die Sprache der transsilvanischen Zigeuner. Grammatik, Wörterbuch,* Leipzig: Friedrich, 1884
* *Märchen und Sagen der Transsilvanischen Zigeuner*, Berlin: Nicolai, 1886. online
* "Zauber- und Besprechungs-Formeln der transsilvanischen und südungarischen Zigeuner," *Publicationen der ethnologischen Mitteilungen aus Ungarn,* 2, Budapest: self published, 1887
* "Zur Volkskunde der transsilvanischen Zigeuner, *Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge,* Neue Folge, 36, No. 2, Hamburg: Richter, 1887
* "Sitte und Brauch der Siebenbürger Sachsen," *Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge,* Neue Folge, 63, Hamburg: Verlagsanstalt u. Dr., 1888
* "Aus dem Leben der Siebenbürger Rumänen," *Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge,* Neue Folge, 87, No. 4, Hamburg: Verlagsanstalt u. Dr., 1889
* *Volksdichtungen der siebenbürgischen und südungarischen Zigeuner*, Wien: Graeser, 1890
* *Vom wandernden Zigeunervolke. Bilder aus dem Leben der Siebenbürger Zigeuner. Geschichtliches, Ethnologisches, Sprache und Poesie*, Hamburg: Richter, 1890
* "Die Szekler und Ungarn in Siebenbürgen," *Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge,* Neue Folge, 137, No. 6, Hamburg: Verlagsanstalt u. Dr., 1891
* *Märchen und Sagen der Bukowinaer und Siebenbürger Armenier*, Hamburg: Verlagsanstalt u. Dr., 1891
* "Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Zigeuner," *Darstellungen aus dem Gebiete der nichtchristlichen Religionsgeschichte,* 4, Münster i. W.: Aschendorff, 1891 online
* *Aus dem inneren Leben der Zigeuner*, Berlin: Felber, 1892
* *Volksglaube und Volksbrauch der Siebenbürger Sachsen*, Berlin: Felber, 1893
* *Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren. Ethnologische Mitteilungen*, München: Huttler, 1893
* "Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Magyaren," *Darstellungen aus dem Gebiete der nichtchristlichen Religionsgeschichte,* 8, Münster i. W.: Aschendorff, 1893 online
* "Zur Ethnographie der Zigeuner in Südosteuropa. Tsiganologische Aufsätze und Briefe aus dem Zeitraum 1880–1905," *Studien zur Tsiganologie und Folkloristik*, 12, Joachim S. Hohmann, ed., Frankfurt am Main u. a.: Lang, 1994

## Bibliography

* Constantin von Wurzbach: "Wlislocki, Heinrich von." In: *Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich (Biographical Lexicon of the Empire of Austria).*  Part 57 Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1889, p. 183 f. (digitalised).
* Hans Ferdinand Helmolt: *Ein Freund der Zigeuner*, in: Das literarische Echo, 9. Jahrgang, 1. August 1907, Sp. 1632–1635 online.
* Brigitte Stephani: *Vom hohen Wert der Volkspoesie.* Heinrich v. Wlislocki – ein vielseitiger Erforscher siebenbürgischer Folklore. In: Volk und Kultur (Bukarest), 33/9, Sept. 1981, S. 52 ff., 2 Abb.
* Joachim S. Hohmann: *Leben am Rande der Zeit. Der "Zigeunerforscher", Ethnologe und Sprachforscher Heinrich Adalbert von Wlislocki*, in: Heinrich von Wlislocki: *Zur Ethnographie der Zigeuner in Südosteuropa. Tsiganologische Aufsätze und Briefe aus dem Zeitraum 1880–1905 (= Studien zur Tsiganologie und Folkloristik, 12)*, hrsg. von Joachim S. Hohmann, Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1994, S. 9–53.
* Maria Sass: *Heinrich von Wlislocki (1856–1907) – der siebenbürgische Forscher und Sammler von volksliterarischen Produktionen der Roma*, in: Transilvania (Sibiu), Nr. 10, 2007, S. 35–40.

1. Helmolt, Hans Ferdinand (1908). "A friend of the gypsies". *Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society*. New Series. **I** (3): 193–197. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
2. Procop, Svetlana (2017). "Heinrich von Wlislocki in the Memories of his Contemporaries". *Revista de Etnologie Şi Culturologie*. **XXII**: 60–67. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
3. Leland, Charles G. (1889). "Reviews: Ethnologische Mitteilungen aus Ungarn". *Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society*. **1** (2): 107.
4. e.g. Wlislockiné Dörfler, Fanny (1893). "A gyermek a magyar néphitben". *Ethnographia*. **IV**: 107–113.
5. "Wlislocki Henrik Roma Student College".


title: Hayden Michaels

abstract: Hayden Michaels is a New Zealand rugby union player, who plays for the Highlanders and Southland. His preferred position is flanker.

text:
# Hayden Michaels

**Hayden Michaels** (born 3 January 2002) is a New Zealand rugby union player, who plays for the Highlanders and Southland. His preferred position is flanker.

## Early career

Michaels attended Gore High School where his performances from the rugby team earned him selection for the Highlanders Under-20s team. He represented New Zealand U20 in 2022.

## Professional career

Michaels has represented Southland in the National Provincial Championship since 2021, being named in their full squad for the 2023 Bunnings NPC. He was named in the Highlanders squad for the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season.

## InfoBox

Hayden Michaels
| Date of birth | (2002-01-03) 3 January 2002 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | New Zealand |
| Height | 186 cm (6 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 103 kg (227 lb; 16 st 3 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Flanker  **Current team** Highlanders, Southland  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2021– Southland  16  (0)  2024– Highlanders   ()  Correct as of 19 November 2023 | |


title: SES-5

abstract: SES-5 is a commercial geostationary communication satellite operated by SES It was launched on 9 July 2012. The launch was arranged by International Launch Services (ILS).

text:
# SES-5

**SES-5** (also known as **Astra 4B** and **Sirius 5**) is a commercial geostationary communication satellite operated by SES It was launched on 9 July 2012. The launch was arranged by International Launch Services (ILS).

## History

In October 2008, SES Sirius AB of Sweden (then 90% owned by SES and prior to 2003 called Nordic Satellite AB) ordered the Sirius 5 satellite from Space Systems/Loral. Following full acquisition by SES in 2010, SES Sirius was renamed SES Astra (a subsidiary of SES) and the satellite renamed Astra 4B. In 2011, SES Astra was merged back into SES and the satellite renamed SES-5.

## Satellite description

It was constructed by Space Systems/Loral, and is based on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It carries 24 C-band and 36 Ku-band transponders. It covers Atlantic Ocean, Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, Europe, Middle East.

## EGNOSS payload

SES 5 is also carrying a hosted payload L-band navigation terminal for the executive commission of the 27-nation European Union. The terminal operated as part of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) system, which provides verification of Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation signals through the use of satellites in geostationary orbit.

## Launch

Sirius 5 was the original name of the SES-5 satellite. SES-5 that was launched on 9 July 2012, at 18:38:30 UTC from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Site 81/24 and is now co-located with Astra 4A (Sirius 4) at 5° East. This satellite provides a similar European and African coverage as Astra 4A.

## InfoBox

SES-5
| Names | SES-5 (2011-present)
Astra 4B (2010-2011)
Sirius 5 (2008-2010) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mission type | Communications |
| Operator | SES Sirius / SES World Skies / SES |
| COSPAR ID | 2012-036A |
| SATCAT no. | 38652 |
| Website | https://www.ses.com/ |
| Mission duration | 15 years (planned)
12 years, 2 months, 22 days (elapsed) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | SSL 1300 |
| Manufacturer | Space Systems/Loral |
| Launch mass | 6,086 kg (13,417 lb) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 9 July 2012, 18:38:30 UTC |
| Rocket | Proton-M / Briz-M |
| Launch site | Baikonur, Site 81/24 |
| Contractor | Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center |
| Entered service | September 2012 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Geostationary orbit |
| Longitude | 5° East |
|  | |
|  | |
| Transponders | |
| Band | 60 transponders:
24 C-band
36 Ku-band |
| Bandwidth | C-band: 36 MHz
Ku-band: 33-36 MHz |
| Coverage area | Atlantic Ocean
Sub-Saharan Africa
North Africa
Europe
Middle East |
|  | |
| Astra constellation | |


title: Owl's Head Park

abstract: Owl's Head Park is a public park in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York.

text:
# Owl's Head Park

**Owl's Head Park** is a public park in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York.

## History

The land that would become Owl's Head Park was first settled by the Canarsee. In the 17th century, Dutch settlers arrived in the area. The first European to claim ownership of the park's land was Teunis Van Pelt. On April 13, 1680, he sold a section of his land to Swaen Janse Van Lowaanen, whose farm on the water, north of what is now known as Bay Ridge Avenue, eventually became the park. The land passed through several more hands before ending up with Henry C. Murphy, who in 1856 built a large mansion on the property, creating a personal estate. Murphy was a state senator best known for writing the legislation that began construction on the Brooklyn Bridge. The famous bill was signed in his mansion at Owl's Head, which was a name he bestowed on the property. The source of the name has been a subject of debate, ranging from the shape of the land, to speculation that owls once lived in a barn on the property, to the fact that stone owls once graced its entrance gate. It seems likely, however, that the name was simply lifted from another property in the area, that of the Van Brunt family, whose land really was shaped like an owl.

Murphy sold the property to Eliphalet Williams Bliss, founder of the E.W. Bliss Company. The park is known to some as "Bliss Park" for this reason. Bliss expanded the property by buying nearby land and added new structures to the estate. These structures included a long driveway, a keeper's lodge, a stable, and an observatory and tower. As early as 1894, Bliss embraced the idea of his property one day becoming a public park. After his death in 1903, his will stipulated that the property be sold to the city for a reduced price, but only if it was to be used as parkland. For various reasons, the city did not buy the property until 1928. These delays caused parts of the property to be lost to other purchasers, including the portion directly along the water, which has been home to a wastewater treatment plant since 1952. Financial limitations and lack of political will also led to the demolition of the property's mansion and observatory tower in 1932. By 1940, the stables were also demolished.

In the following decades, improvements to the park were made by the Parks Department under Robert Moses, including paths, playing fields, benches and restrooms. In the 1960s and 70s, however, the park suffered from decline during the city's fiscal crisis. In the 1990s, Brooklyn's borough president and the city council dedicated significant funds to revamp the park. The original wrought iron gates from Bliss's estate, with his initials on them, were reinstalled at the park's southeastern entrance in 2004.

## Features

Owl's Head Park is located on a glacial moraine and thus has rich soil to support its many trees, including pines, locusts, oaks, maples, corks, beeches, and a tulip poplar. The park's land slopes upward towards the water, providing views across New York harbor to Manhattan, Staten Island, and New Jersey. The sloping terrain of the park also makes it a popular place for sledding in the winter. The park has basketball courts, a playground, spray pool, and dog run, as well as a well-known skate park. The park's basketball courts are named for William D. "Billy" Lake, a local firefighter who lost his life on September 11, 2001. The courts were named in honor of Lake in 2004.

The park often hosts local events, such as Viking Fest, which honors the area's history of Scandinavian immigration, Halloween events, and the city's annual Mulchfest event for Christmas tree disposal. In 2022, Owl's Head Park was the site of the first-ever Gay Ridge Pride, an LGBTQ pride event for all of Southern Brooklyn and the neighborhood's first pride celebration.

## InfoBox

| Owl's Head Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Upper New York Bay as seen from Owls Head Park | |
|  | |
| Type | Urban park |
| Location | Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 40°38′26″N 74°01′56″W / 40.6406°N 74.0322°W / 40.6406; -74.0322 |
| Area | 24.22 acres (9.80 ha; 0.03784 sq mi; 0.0980 km2) |
| Created | 1928 |
| Owned by | NYC Parks |
| Open | 6:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. |
| Public transit access | Bus |


title: Unidos do Viradouro

abstract:
Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Unidos do Viradouro, or simply Viradouro or Unidos do Viradouro, is a samba school that competes in the Carnival city of Rio de Janeiro.
It is located in the Barreto neighborhood in Niterói.

text:
# Unidos do Viradouro

**Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Unidos do Viradouro**, or simply **Viradouro** or **Unidos do Viradouro**, is a samba school that competes in the Carnival city of Rio de Janeiro. It is located in the Barreto neighborhood in Niterói.

## History

It was founded on 24 June 1946 by Nelson dos Santos, known as Jangada, who organized drumming in the backyard of his home in Capitão Roseira, at the top of D. Mário Viana street, known as Viradouro street. He also competed in the Niterói parades for 39 years (1947 to 1985); however, during the period he came to Rio de Janeiro a few times (64 and 65), getting more than a 26th in the third division.

After being champion eighteen times, Viradouro decided to try their luck again in 1986. They gave good shows in the lower groups, where they won Group 3 in 1989 with the theme "merchants and peddlers" and Group 1 the following year with "Just the written", coming to the special group in 1991.

In 1992, they presented the plot *A magia da sorte chego* by Max Lopes, and told the story of the gypsies. However, the school could not count on such luck in their parade, where one of the floats caught fire and burned uncontrollably. Many wards had to squeeze together to make way for a fire department vehicle. This delay resulted in the loss of 13 points in timing, and these lost points left the school in 9th place.

With the ida of Joãosinho Trinta, which uncurled from Beija-Flor, the school began to hold first place, with exception of 1996, when they were almost demoted. However, with Dominguinhos do Estácio as singer and the storyline *Trevas, *luz, a explosão do Universo**, Viradouro brought to the avenue beautiful play colors, contrasting black and white, dark and light. One of the highlights of this parade was that the drums played "paradinha" with some bars in a funk rhythm, under the direction of Maestro Jorjão.

In August 2005, the school lost its president, bicheiro José Carlos Monassa Bessil, who died from a hemorrhage resulting from a stomach ulcer. Marco Lira was elected as his successor, who put all of his chips on the modern Paulo Barros to bring the plot "The Viradouro turns the game", trying to return to the title they had not won in 10 years. One aspect of this parade was the drums. The drums were on top of a float, a large chess board conducted by Maestro Ciça, placing Juliana Paes in front as queen of the drums, who descended from the car in the middle of the avenue.

In 2008, the school continued with the talent of Paulo Barros and the plot "*É de Arrepiar!*" who spoke of various sensations perceived by the human being, that would make you shudder, such as cold, sexual pleasure, emotion in general, fear, disgust and repugnance to evil. For both, the club changed its interpreter and one of the floats, which would represent the victims of the Holocaust, was banned by the justice after an action brought by Jewish groups, who considered the car offensive. Outraged, the carnavalesco argued that history could not be censored, and samba would be no less worthy to tell a real story than were films such as *Schindler's List*. With the ban, all the sculptures were destroyed, and the float passed, covered, through the parade.

With the departure of Paulo Barros the school was lost. It suffered a demotion in the year 2010 with a tribute to Mexico, a parade of dubious level done by Júnior Schall and Edson Pereira. However in this parade had a controversy with the choice of the queen of battery: Julia Lira, only 7 years old, the daughter of Marco Lira. There was criticism of this choice, since the position of queen of battery is usually occupied by women seen as sex symbols.

After 3 years in *Grupo de acesso* the school returned to the special with a tribute to their city. However, the return among the elite of the samba did not go well and was badly hampered by rain. In preparation for the A Series dispute in 2016, Viradouro bet on a strong team to try to return to the Special Group. For the drums they brought Paulinho Botelho, in the composition of the couple of Maestro Sala and Porte Bandeira, the experienced Marquinhos and Giovanna and a pair to choreograph the front committee, Sylvio Lemgruber and Fernanda Misailidis, with Wilsinho, as director of carnival. With a beautiful parade, the club won 3rd place.

In 2018, the Viradouro school scored yet another victory in the A Series championship and thus secured once more its place in the Special Group in the 2019 parade, ending its campaign with a runner-up finish. One year later, Viradouro won the championship.

## Classifications

| Year | Place | Division | Plot | Carnivals Producers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Singers |
| **1949** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Arariboia** |  |
| **1950** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Tiradentes - Mártir da Independência** | |
| **1952** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Vultos Nacionais** | |
| **1953** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Cândido Rondon** | |
| 1954 | Contest cancelled | | Estado do Rio | |
| *1955* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Batalha Naval do Riachuelo* | |
| **1956** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Independência do Brasil** | |
| **1957** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Quatro grandes feitos da História** | |
| **1958** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Primeiro Reinado** | |
| **1959** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Carlos Gomes** | |
| 1960 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Catulo da Paixão Cearense | |
| 1961 | Not competed | | Festa junina em pleno carnaval | |
| **1962** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **A Chegada da Família Real** | |
| **1963** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **O Último baile imperial** | |
| 1964 | Did not parade | | Maria Quitéria | |
| 1965 | 26th place | Grupo 3 | Rio Quarto Centenário | |
| 1966 | Honorable mention | | Homenagem a Niterói | |
| *1967* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Chico Rei* | |
| *1968* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Rugendas - viagem pitoresca através do Brasil* | |
| *1969* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *A Festa do Divino* | |
| *1970* | *Vice-Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Quilombo dos Palmares* | |
| **1971** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **São Francisco - rio da integração nacional** | |
| *1972* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Três festas tradicionais brasileiras* | |
| **1973** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Niterói - sua origem e evolução** | |
| **1974** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Pleito de vassalagem de Olorum** | |
| *1975* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Rei Midas de Catas Altas* | |
| 1976 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Só mesmo na Bahia | |
| 1977 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | No mundo encantado da fantasia | |
| *1978* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Ídolos de Ébano* | |
| *1979* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Ainda um paraíso tropical* | |
| **1980** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Os três encantos do rei** | **Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge** |
| | | | | **Silvinho da Portela** |
| **1981** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Amor em Tom Maior** | **Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge** |
| | | | | **Silvinho da Portela** |
| **1982** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Mutou Muido Kitoko** | **Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge** |
| | | | | **Silvinho da Portela** |
| **1983** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Acredite se quiser** | **Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge** |
| | | | | **Silvinho da Portela** |
| **1984** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **O sonho de Ilê Yfé** | **Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge** |
| | | | | **Silvinho da Portela** |
| *1985* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *Na terra de Antônio Maris, só não viu quem não quis* | *Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge* |
| | | | | *Lula da Mangueira* |
| 1986 | Appraisal | | Novos ventos, novos tempos - História de uma integração | Yarema Ostrog
Hilda Perna
Adriano Jorge |
| | | Torino | |
| 1987 | 5th place | Grupo 4 | Na Boca e na Ponta da Língua ... É carnaval | Rodney Lucas
Alexandre Louzada |
| | | | | Torino |
| *1988* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo 4* | *Contribuição do Negro ao Folclore Brasileiro* | *Rodney Lucas* |
| | | | | *Torino* |
| **1989** | **Champion** | **Grupo 3** | **Mercadores e Mascates** | **Rodney Lucas** |
| | | | | **Torino** |
| **1990** | **Champion** | **Grupo 1** | **Só vale o escrito** | **Max Lopes** |
| | | | | **Torino** |
| 1991 | 7th place | Grupo Especial | Bravo! Bravíssimo! - Dercy Gonçalves, o retrato de um povo | Max Lopes |
| | | | | Quinzinho |
| 1992 | 9th place | Grupo Especial | E a magia da sorte chegou | Max Lopes |
| | | | | Quinzinho |
| 1993 | 7th place | Grupo Especial | Amor, sublime amor | Max Lopes |
| | | | | Quinzinho |
| 1994 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Tereza de Benguela - Uma rainha negra no Pantanal | Joãosinho Trinta |
| | | | | Rico Medeiros |
| 1995 | 8th place | Grupo Especial | O rei e os três espantos de Debret | Joãosinho Trinta |
| | | | | Rico Medeiros |
| 1996 | 13th place | Grupo Especial | Aquarela do Brasil ano 2000 | Joãosinho Trinta |
| | | | | Nêgo Martins |
| **1997** | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Trevas! Luz! A explosão do universo** | **Joãosinho Trinta** |
| | | | | **Dominguinhos do Estácio** |
| 1998 | 5th place | Grupo Especial | Orféu, o negro do carnaval | Joãosinho Trinta |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 1999 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Anita Garibaldi - Heroína das sete magias | Joãosinho Trinta |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2000 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Brasil: visões de paraísos e infernos | Joãosinho Trinta |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2001 | 5th place | Grupo Especial | Os sete pecados capitais | Lane Santana |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2002 | 5th place | Grupo Especial | Viradouro, Vira-Mundo, Rei do Mundo | Chico Spinoza |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2003 | 6th place | Grupo Especial | A Viradouro canta e conta Bibi, uma homenagem ao teatro brasileiro | Mauro Quintaes |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2004 | 4th place | Grupo Especial | Pediu Pra Pará, Parou! Com a Viradouro Eu Vou... Pro Círio de Nazaré | Mauro Quintaes |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2005 | 8th place | Grupo Especial | A Viradouro é só sorriso! | Mauro Quintaes |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2006 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Arquitetando Folias | Milton Cunha
Mário Monteiro
Kaká Monteiro |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2007 | 5th place | Grupo Especial | A Viradouro vira o Jogo | Paulo Barros |
| | | | | Dominguinhos do Estácio |
| 2008 | 7th place | Grupo Especial | É de arrepiar | Paulo Barros |
| | | | | Nêgo |
| 2009 | 8th place | Grupo Especial | Vira-Bahia, pura energia | Milton Cunha |
| | | | | David do Pandeiro |
| 2010 | 12th place | Grupo Especial | México, o Paraíso das Cores, sob o Signo do Sol | Júnior Schall
Edson Pereira |
| | | | | Wander Pires |
| 2011 | 2nd place | Grupo A | Quem Sou Eu Sem Você? | Jack Vasconcelos |
| | | | | Silas Leleu
Diego Nicolau
Gilberto Gomes
Niu Souza |
| 2012 | 5th place | Grupo A | A Vida Como Ela é, Bonita mas Ordinária... Assim Falou Nelson Rodrigues | Alexandre Louzada |
| | | | | Silas Leleu
Diego Nicolau
Gilberto Gomes
Niu Souza |
| 2013 | 2nd place | Série A | Nem melhor nem pior, que não sai da minha mente. Inspiração para o meu samba, eu também sou diferente | Max Lopes |
| | | | | Diego Nicolau
Gilberto Gomes
Niu Souza
David do Pandeiro |
| **2014** | **Champion** | **Série A** | **Sou a Terra de Ismael, 'Guanabaran' eu vou Cruzar... Pra Você Tiro o Chapéu, Rio eu vim te Abraçar** | **João Vítor Araújo** |
| | | | | **Zé Paulo Sierra** |
| 2015 | 11th place | Grupo Especial | Nas veias do Brasil, é a Viradouro em um dia de graça | João Vítor Araújo |
| | | | | Zé Paulo Sierra |
| 2016 | 3rd place | Série A | O Alabê de Jerusalém, a saga de Ogundana! | Max Lopes |
| | | | | Zé Paulo Sierra |
| 2017 | 2nd place | Série A | E todo menino é um Rei | Jorge Silveira |
| | | | | Zé Paulo Sierra |
| **2018** | **Champion** | **Série A** | **Vira a cabeça pira o coração. Loucos gênios da criação** | **Edson Pereira** |
| | | | | **Zé Paulo Sierra** |
| *2019* | *Vice Champion* | *Grupo Especial* | *ViraViradouro* | *Paulo Barros* |
| | | | | *Zé Paulo Sierra* |
| 2020 | **Champion** | **Grupo Especial** | **Viradouro de alma lavada** | **Marcus Ferreira
Tarcísio Zanon** |
| | | | | **Zé Paulo Sierra** |
| 2022 | 3rd place | Grupo Especial | Não há tristeza que possa suportar tanta alegria | Marcus Ferreira
Tarcísio Zanon |
| | | | | Zé Paulo Sierra |
| 2023 |  | Grupo Especial | Rosa Maria Egipcíaca | Tarcísio Zanon |
| | | | | Zé Paulo Sierra |

## InfoBox

Viradouro
| Full name | Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Unidos do Viradouro |
| --- | --- |
| Foundation | June 24, 1946 (1946-06-24) |
| Blessing school | Portela |
| Colors |  |
| Symbol | crown with a five-pointed star on top, an interracial handshake, and wheat branches |
| Location | Barreto, Niterói |
| President | Hélio Nunes |
| Carnival staff  Carnival producer Tarcisio Zanon  Carnival singer Wander Pires  Director of Battery Mestre Ciça  Queen of Battery Érika Januza  Mestre-sala and Porta-Bandeira Julinho and Rute Alves  Choreography Priscila Mottta and Rodrigo Negri | |
| Website | |
| unidosdoviradouro.com.br | |


title: Timeline of Meridian Broadcasting

abstract: This is a timeline of the history of the British broadcaster Meridian Broadcasting. It has provided the ITV service for the South and South East of England since 1993.

text:
# Timeline of Meridian Broadcasting

This is a timeline of the history of the British broadcaster **Meridian Broadcasting** (now known as **ITV Meridian**). It has provided the ITV service for the South and South East of England since 1993.

## 1990s

* **1991**
    + Meridian Broadcasting is formed to apply for the South of England region in the forthcoming ITV franchise round. Intended as a publisher broadcaster, the majority of programmes would be commissioned from independent producers rather than produced in-house.
    + 16 October – The ITC announces that Meridian had been awarded the licence. Meridian had tabled a lower bid that the incumbent broadcaster, TVS, but the ITC awarded the licence because it felt that TVS’ bid of £59 million was too high, meaning that TVS's business plan was deemed to be unsatisfactory. Therefore, Meridian was awarded the licence as the next highest bidder (£36.5 million).

* **1992**
    + No events.

* **1994**

* **1995**
    + No events.

* **1997**
    + 28 June – United News & Media takes over HTV.

* **1998**
    + 15 November – The public launch of digital terrestrial TV in the UK takes place.

## 2000s

* **2000**
    + No events.

* **2001**
    + No events.

* **2002**
    + 28 October – On-air regional identities are dropped apart from when introducing regional programmes and Meridian is renamed ITV1 Meridian.

* **2003**
    + No events.

* **2005**
    + No events.

* **2006**
    + 4 December – The non-franchised region ITV Thames Valley is launched. It incorporates the former Central South news service and the Meridian North service and both operate as their own sub-regions for non-news programming and for advertising.

* **2007**
    + No events.

* **2008**
    + December – All non-news local programming ends after Ofcom gives ITV permission to drastically cut back its regional programming. From 2009 the only regional programme is the monthly political discussion show.

* **2009**
    + 16 February – As part of ITV's major cutbacks of its operation in England, Meridian's three news services are amalgamated into one. However part of the programme, and the late night bulletin, remain localised.

## 2010s

* **2010**
    + No events.

* **2011**
    + No events.

* **2013**
    + 16 September – The 2009 cut-backs are reversed and once again the Meridian region is served by three opt-out services. However to maintain lower costs, the main half-hour programme at 6pm contains a minimum 20 minutes of regional news (10 minutes in the Thames Valley) and daily use of "shared content" from outside the region.


title: Ken Hastie

abstract: John Kenneth George Hastie was a South African footballer who played as a centre forward.

text:
# Ken Hastie

**John Kenneth George Hastie** (6 September 1928 – 2 October 2002) was a South African footballer who played as a centre forward.

## Career

In August 1952, Hastie signed for Leeds United from South African club Clyde Athletic after impressing for South Africa the previous year, during a Newcastle United tour of the country. On 17 September 1952, Hastie made his debut for Leeds against Birmingham City in a Second Division game, scoring twice in a 2–2 draw. Hastie only made three more league appearances for the club, due, in part, to the emergence of John Charles. At the end of the 1952–53 season, Hastie was released by Leeds, returning to South Africa to play for Germiston Callies.

## InfoBox

Ken Hastie
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | John Kenneth George Hastie | | |
| Date of birth | (1928-09-06)6 September 1928 | | |
| Place of birth | Cape Town, South Africa | | |
| Date of death | 2 October 2002(2002-10-02) (aged 74) | | |
| Place of death | Constantia, South Africa | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Clyde Athletic |  |  |
| 1952–1953 | Leeds United | 4 | (2) |
| 1953–1955 | Germiston Callies |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | South Africa |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Henry Draper Medal

abstract: The Henry Draper Medal is awarded every 4 years by the United States National Academy of Sciences "for investigations in astronomical physics". Named after Henry Draper, the medal is awarded with a gift of USD $15,000. The medal was established under the Draper Fund by his widow, Anna Draper, in honor of her husband, and was first awarded in 1886 to Samuel Pierpont Langley "for numerous investigations of a high order of merit in solar physics, and especially in the domain of radiant energy". It has since been awarded 45 times. The medal has been awarded to multiple individuals in the same year: in 1977 it was awarded to Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of the cosmic microwave radiation, and their leading role in the discovery of interstellar molecules"; in 1989 to Riccardo Giovanelli and Martha P. Haynes "for the first three-dimensional view of some of the remarkable large-scale filamentary structures of our visible universe"; in 1993 to Ralph Asher Alpher and Robert Herman "for their insight and skill in developing a physical model of the evolution of the universe and in predicting the existence of a microwave background radiation years before this radiation was serendipitously discovered" and in 2001 to R. Paul Butler and Geoffrey Marcy "for their pioneering investigations of planets orbiting other stars via high-precision radial velocities".

text:
# Henry Draper Medal

The **Henry Draper Medal** is awarded every 4 years by the United States National Academy of Sciences "for investigations in astronomical physics". Named after Henry Draper, the medal is awarded with a gift of USD $15,000. The medal was established under the Draper Fund by his widow, Anna Draper, in honor of her husband, and was first awarded in 1886 to Samuel Pierpont Langley "for numerous investigations of a high order of merit in solar physics, and especially in the domain of radiant energy". It has since been awarded 45 times.

The medal has been awarded to multiple individuals in the same year: in 1977 it was awarded to Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of the cosmic microwave radiation (a remnant of the very early universe), and their leading role in the discovery of interstellar molecules"; in 1989 to Riccardo Giovanelli and Martha P. Haynes "for the first three-dimensional view of some of the remarkable large-scale filamentary structures of our visible universe"; in 1993 to Ralph Asher Alpher and Robert Herman "for their insight and skill in developing a physical model of the evolution of the universe and in predicting the existence of a microwave background radiation years before this radiation was serendipitously discovered" and in 2001 to R. Paul Butler and Geoffrey Marcy "for their pioneering investigations of planets orbiting other stars via high-precision radial velocities".

## List of recipients

Source: National Academy of Sciences

| Year | Name | Rationale | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1886 | Samuel Pierpont Langley | "For numerous investigations of a high order of merit in solar physics, and especially in the domain of radiant energy" |  |
| 1888 | Edward Charles Pickering | "For his work in stellar photometry, stellar photography, and stellar spectrum photography" |  |
| 1890 | Henry Augustus Rowland | "For his researches on the solar spectrum, as well as for his investigations in astronomical physics" |  |
| 1893 | Hermann Carl Vogel | "For spectroscopic observations upon the motion of stars in the line of sight, and other kindred researches" |  |
| 1899 | James Edward Keeler | "For his researches in spectroscopic astronomy" |  |
| 1901 | William Huggins | "For his investigations in astronomical physics" |  |
| 1904 | George Ellery Hale | "For investigations of solar phenomena, studies of stellar spectra, editing the Astrophysical Journal, and the direction of the Yerkes Observatory" |  |
| 1906 | William Wallace Campbell | "For his observations and researches relating to the motions of stars in the line of sight, his improvements in the methods of measuring such motions, his discussions of conclusions to be drawn from them, and the organization of work in this field in the southern hemisphere" |  |
| 1910 | Charles Greeley Abbot | "For his researches on the infra-red region of the solar spectrum and his accurate measurements, by improved devices, of the solar 'constant' of radiation" |  |
| 1913 | Henri-Alexandre Deslandres | "For his researches in solar and stellar physics" |  |
| 1915 | Joel Stebbins | "In recognition of his work on application of the selenium cell to stellar photometry" |  |
| 1916 | Albert Abraham Michelson | "For his numerous and important contributions to spectroscopy and astronomical physics" |  |
| 1918 | Walter Sydney Adams | "For discovering and developing a method of determining the distances of the stars by means of a spectrograph" |  |
| 1919 | Charles Fabry | "In recognition of his researches in physics and astronomy, chiefly by means of interferometers" |  |
| 1920 | Alfred Fowler | "For his researches in celestial and laboratory spectroscopy, which have led to a valuable increase of our knowledge of sun spots, comets, and the stars—especially of red stars of Secchi's Type III" |  |
| 1921 | Pieter Zeeman | "For his discovery of the so-called Zeeman effect and for its application on magneto-optics" |  |
| 1922 | Henry Norris Russell | "For his remarkably valuable contributions to knowledge of the order of stellar evolution" |  |
| 1924 | Arthur Stanley Eddington | "For his contribution to knowledge of physical conditions existing within the stars, and for his constructive interpretation of the Einstein theory of the relativity as applied to astronomical problems" |  |
| 1926 | Harlow Shapley | "For his contributions to astronomical science" |  |
| 1928 | William Hammond Wright | "For his researches on nebulae, new stars, and planetary atmospheres" |  |
| 1931 | Annie Jump Cannon | "In recognition of her astronomical work, in particular for cataloging the spectra of stars" |  |
| 1932 | Vesto Slipher | "For his spectroscopic researches" |  |
| 1934 | John Stanley Plaskett | "For his able and consistent labors in stellar radial velocities, and related studies energetically pursued for nearly 30 years" |  |
| 1936 | Kenneth Mees | "For his fruitful investigations in photographic process which have given emulsions sensitive to red and infrared of the spectrum and made possible great advance in knowledge of this highly important region of the radiant energy of stars" |  |
| 1940 | Robert W. Wood | "In recognition of his contributions to astronomical physics; more especially his researches on the spectra and chemical composition of gaseous nebulae" |  |
| 1942 | Ira Sprague Bowen | "In recognition of his contributions to astronomical physics; more especially his pioneer work upon resonance spectra, his use of color filters in astronomical photography, and his development of methods for concentrating to a high degree the light from diffraction gratings in desired orders and regions of the spectrum" |  |
| 1946 | Paul W. Merrill | "In recognition of his many important contributions to astronomical physics, in particular those relating to his researches in stellar spectroscopy" |  |
| 1948 | Hans Bethe | "In recognition of his contributions to astronomical physics, more particularly his researches on the generation of energy in the sun and stars" |  |
| 1949 | Otto Struve | "For his contributions to astronomical physics" |  |
| 1951 | Bernard Lyot | "For his contributions to solar physics. The coronograph, invented by Lyot, has made possible continuous observation of the inner corona on all clear days at any suitable location" |  |
| 1955 | Hendrik C. van de Hulst | "For his pioneer work on the 21 cm radiation of neutral hydrogen" |  |
| 1957 | Horace W. Babcock | "For his original and outstanding work leading to the discovery of magnetic fields in stars and also the general magnetic field of the sun" |  |
| 1961 | Martin Schwarzschild | "For his book Structure and Evolution of the Stars and two papers, "On the Maximum Mass of Stable Stars" and "Evolution of very Massive Stars," which are outstanding contributions in the field of stellar evolution" |  |
| 1963 | Richard Tousey | "For his achievements in solar spectroscopy" |  |
| 1965 | Martin Ryle | "For the development of a novel radio-telescopic equipment which made it possible to determine accurately positions of the numerous weak radio sources in the sky" |  |
| 1968 | Bengt Edlén | "In recognition of his fruitful researches in astronomical physics, and particularly for his part in the discovery and proof of extremely high temperatures in the sun's corona" |  |
| 1971 | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | "For his leadership in, and major contributions to, the field of astrophysics" |  |
| 1974 | Lyman Spitzer | "For his vision and distinguished achievements in space astronomy and for his many outstanding contributions to the physics of the plasmas on earth and in the interstellar medium" |  |
| 1977 | Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson | "For their discovery of the cosmic microwave radiation (a remnant of the very early universe), and their leading role in the discovery of interstellar molecules" |  |
| 1980 | William Wilson Morgan | "For his pioneering researches in spectral classification, leading to a new standard of accuracy in our knowledge of the distances of the stars and the structure of our galaxy" |  |
| 1985 | Joseph Taylor | "For his pioneering studies of pulsars, including the fundamental measurements of orbit perturbations by gravitational radiation and other general relativistic effects" |  |
| 1989 | Riccardo Giovanelli and Martha P. Haynes | "For the first three-dimensional view of some of the remarkable large-scale filamentary structures of our visible universe" |  |
| 1993 | Ralph Asher Alpher and Robert Herman | "For their insight and skill in developing a physical model of the evolution of the universe and in predicting the existence of a microwave background radiation years before this radiation was serendipitously discovered; through this work they were participants in one of the major intellectual achievements of the twentieth century" |  |
| 1997 | Bohdan Paczyński | "For his epochal contributions toward understanding gamma-ray bursts, the evolution of binary stars, and especially the gravitational lensing and microlensing of light from distant objects" |  |
| 2001 | R. Paul Butler and Geoffrey Marcy | "For their pioneering investigations of planets orbiting other stars via high-precision radial velocities. They have proved that many other planetary systems exist in the universe" |  |
| 2005 | Charles L. Bennett | "For his contribution to the precise determination of the age, composition, and curvature of the universe through his leadership of NASA's WMAP \[Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe\] cosmic microwave background mission" |  |
| 2009 | Neil Gehrels | "For his pioneering contributions to gamma ray astronomy. His leadership of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Swift Mission has led to new insights into the extreme physics of active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts" |  |
| 2013 | William J. Borucki | "For his founding concept, unflagging advocacy, and visionary leadership during the development of NASA's Kepler mission, which has uncovered myriad planets and solar systems with unforeseen and surprising properties." |  |
| 2017 | Barry C. Barish and Stanley E. Whitcomb | "Honoring Barish and Whitcomb, on behalf of the LIGO collaboration, for their visionary and pivotal leadership roles, scientific guidance, and novel instrument design during the development of LIGO that were crucial for LIGO's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding black holes, thus directly validating Einstein's 100-year-old prediction of gravitational waves and ushering a new field of gravitational wave astronomy." |  |
| 2021 | Sheperd S. Doeleman and Heino Falcke | "for their vision and their leadership within the EHT collaboration, embracing theory, instrumentation, observation and analysis in combining radio telescopes around the world to image the shadow of the supermassive black hole in the nearby galaxy M87, thereby validating Einstein’s general theory of relativity." |  |


title: Nađa Higl

abstract: Nađa Higl is a Serbian swimmer. She was World Champion in 200 m breaststroke. Higl was awarded the title "Serbian Sportswoman of the year" for the year 2009 by the Olympic Committee of Serbia and Golden Badge, award for the best athlete of Serbia.

text:
# Nađa Higl

**Nađa Higl** (Serbian Cyrillic: Нађа Хигл; born 2 January 1987) is a Serbian swimmer. She was World Champion in 200 m breaststroke.

Higl was awarded the title "Serbian Sportswoman of the year" for the year 2009 by the Olympic Committee of Serbia and Golden Badge, award for the best athlete of Serbia.

## Swimming career

At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships she won gold medal in the 200 meters breaststroke final on 31 July 2009 with a time of 2:21.62, the new European record. She is the first Serbian woman to become a world champion in swimming.

She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in 100 m breaststroke and 200 m breaststroke where she finished in qualification rounds as 43rd and 33rd respectively. At the 2009 Summer Universiade she won silver medals in 100 m breaststroke and 200 m breaststroke.

## Results

| Year | Event | Location | Discipline | Position | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | European Junior Swimming Championships | Glasgow | 100 m breaststroke | 24 | 1:15.95 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 16 | 2:38.59 |
| 2006 | European Championships | Budapest | 100 m breaststroke | 44 | 1:16.99 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 25 | 2:40.73 |
| 2007 | European Championships 25 m | Debrecen | 100 m breaststroke | 23 | 1:11.10 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 23 | 2:31.14 |
| 2008 | World Championships 25 m | Manchester | 100 m breaststroke | 20 | 1:10.41 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 15 | 2:28.47 |
| 2008 | Olympics | Beijing | 100 m breaststroke | 43 | 1:13.19 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 33 | 2:32.78 |
| 2009 | Mediterranean Games | Pescara | 100 m breaststroke | 10 | 1:11.50 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 4 | 2:29.79 |
| | | | 4 × 100 m medley relay | 5 | 1:07.75 (4:14.14) |
| 2009 | Summer Universiade | Belgrade | 100 m breaststroke | 2 | 1:07.80 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 2 | 2:24.20 |
| | | | 4 × 100 m medley relay | 15 | 1:13.70 (4:29.49) |
| 2009 | World Championships | Rome | 100 m breaststroke | 16 | 1:08.13 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 1 | 2:21.62 |
| 2009 | European Championships 25 m | Istanbul | 100 m breaststroke | 11 | 1:06.41 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 2 | 2:17.52 |
| 2010 | European Championships 50 m | Budapest | 100 m breaststroke | 22 | 1:10.97 |
| | | | 200 m breaststroke | 8 | 2:29.60 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Shanghai | 200 m breaststroke | 6 | 2:25.93 |
| 2012 | European Championships 50 m | Debrecen | 200 m breaststroke | 6 | 2:28.24 |
| 2012 | Olympics | London | 200 m breaststroke | 25 | 2:28.39 |

## Personal life

Nađa's parents are father Dragan and mother Snežana. Her brother Sebastijan is her personal trainer. Higl is married to Milan Boharević and has two children with him. The family moved to Ljubljana in 2021.

## InfoBox

Nađa Higl
| Higl at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Serbia |
| Born | 2 January 1987 (1987-01-02) (age 37)<br>Pančevo, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| Weight | 69 kg (152 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | Breaststroke |
| Club | PK Tamiš |
|  | |
| Medal record      Women's swimming  Representing  Serbia  World Championships (LC)  2009 Rome  200 m breaststroke  European Championships (SC)  2009 Istanbul  200 m breaststroke  Universiade  2009 Belgrade  100 m breaststroke  2009 Belgrade  200 m breaststroke | |


title: He Bingsong

abstract: He Bingsong was a Chinese legal scholar.

text:
# He Bingsong

**He Bingsong** (Chinese: 何秉松; pinyin: *Hé Bǐngsōng*; Wade–Giles: *Ho Ping-sung*; 1932 – 11 February 2019) was a Chinese legal scholar.

## Life and career

He was born in 1932 in Guiping, Guangxi, Republic of China. He had four brothers. After graduating from Peking University in 1952, he taught at the China University of Political Science and Law. After the Cultural Revolution, he served as a lawyer in the trial of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four counter-revolutionary groups.

On 1 February 2010, he was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.

He died in Beijing, aged 87.

## InfoBox

| He Bingsong | |
| --- | --- |
| 何秉松 | |
| Born | 1932
Guiping, Guangxi, China |
| Died | 11 February 2019(2019-02-11) (aged 86–87)
Beijing, China |
| Alma mater | Peking University |
| Occupation | Legal scholar |


title: SES-17

abstract: SES-17, is a high throughput all electric geostationary communications satellite owned and operated by SES, and designed and manufactured by Thales Alenia Space. Launched on 24 October 2021 from Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG), in Kourou, French Guiana by an Ariane 5ECA launch vehicle, SES-17 was positioned at 67.1° west in May 2022 and, after testing, became fully operational in June 2022. The satellite operates in conjunction with SES's other geostationary satellites and SES's medium Earth orbit O3b and O3b mPOWER satellites to provide connectivity services across North America, South America, the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean.

text:
# SES-17

**SES-17**, is a high throughput all electric geostationary communications satellite owned and operated by SES, and designed and manufactured by Thales Alenia Space. Launched on 24 October 2021 from Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG), in Kourou, French Guiana by an Ariane 5ECA launch vehicle, SES-17 was positioned at 67.1° west in May 2022 and, after testing, became fully operational in June 2022.

The satellite operates in conjunction with SES's other geostationary satellites and SES's medium Earth orbit O3b and O3b mPOWER satellites to provide connectivity services across North America, South America, the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean.

## Satellite description

SES-17 is based on the three axis stabilised SpaceBusNEO 200 satellite bus. It has a mass of 6,411 kg (14,134 lb), produces 15 kW of power and has a design life of 15 years. Like all SpaceBusNEO, SES-17 uses electric propulsion exclusively for both orbit raising and station keeping and was launched on an Arianespace Ariane 5ECA launch vehicle pn 24 October 2021.

The satellite will provide almost 200 Ka-band spot beams of mixed sizes for coverage over North America, South America, Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean mainly for aircraft connectivity.

SES-17 is SES's first geostationary Ka-band high-throughput satellite, and the first one to include a fully digital payload, using Thales' Spaceflex VHTS Processor, a Digital Transparent Processor (DTP) developed with support from the French space agency, *Centre National d'Études Spatiales* CNES and the European Space Agency (ESA) to provide in-orbit frequency plan flexibility so mobility customers can change their networks in real time in response to changing bandwidth demands, implementing broadcast, multicast or mesh network as required, and improving efficiency in throughput and bandwidth use.

Along with SES's medium Earth orbit satellite constellation, O3b mPOWER, SES-17 is managed through the Adaptive Resource Control (ARC) software system developed jointly between SES and Kythera Space Solutions, autonomously optimizing space and ground resources, on-the-fly, in accordance with customers' changing needs.

## History

On 12 September 2016, SES ordered the SES-17 dedicated Ka-band high-throughput satellite from Thales Alenia Space of France and Italy, the main contractor for SES's O3b satellites. Offering mobility connectivity services over the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, SES-17 was expected to launch in 2020 with the FlytLIVE airline passenger connectivity service from Thales Avionics as its anchor customer. Prior to the launch of SES-17, FlytLIVE would use capacity contracted by SES on Hughes's EchoStar XVII and EchoStar XIX satellites, along with SES's own AMC-15 and AMC-16 satellites. The cost of the satellite and launch, and the network of gateways on the ground is expected to be around US$500 million.

In September 2017, SES announced that Arianespace had been selected to launch SES-17 in 2021.

In September 2019, SES announced it had partnered with satellite payload and network management systems developer, Kythera Space Solutions to develop the ARC (Adaptive Resource Control) software to enable the dynamic control and optimisation of power, throughput, beams and frequency allocation on SES-17 and other future high-throughput satellites and their networks.

SES's 2020 Annual Report, released in March 2021, said that SES-17 was expected to launch in July 2021. In April 2021, Arianespace projected a launch in August 2021, then, in September 2021 a launch on 22 October 2021. After a small delay caused by technical issues with the launch pad, the launch was successfully carried out on 24 October 2021 at 02:10 UTC.

In May 2022, SES-17 reached its intended orbital position at 67.1° west and, after testing, became fully operational in June 2022.

In July-August 2022, Spirit Airline's inflight Internet service (using Thales' FlytLIVE) transitioned from Hughes Network Systems satellites to SES-17 to become "the fastest Wi-Fi service of any US-based airline" with connection speeds of up to 400 Mbps for A320 and A321 passengers across all Spirit routes.

In August 2023, SES announced that the combined contract backlog for SES-17, along with the O3b mPOWER high-throughput MEO satellite constellation (expected to begin commercial service by the end of 2023) is now in excess of US$1 billion (gross $1,025 million, fully protected $835 million).

* SES \- the owner and operator of SES-17
* List of SES satellites \- list of all SES satellites
* O3b \- connectivity satellite constellation owned by SES
* O3b mPOWER \- next generation connectivity satellite constellation owned by SES

## InfoBox

SES-17
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mission type | Communications |
| Operator | SES |
| COSPAR ID | 2021-095A |
| SATCAT no. | 49332 |
| Website | https://www.ses.com/ |
| Mission duration | 15 years (planned)
2 years, 11 months, 7 days (*in progress*) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | SES-17 |
| Spacecraft type | Spacebus |
| Bus | SpaceBusNEO 200 |
| Manufacturer | Thales Alenia Space |
| Launch mass | 6,411 kg (14,134 lb) |
| Dry mass | 5,060 kg (11,160 lb) |
| Power | 15 kW |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 24 October 2021, 02:10 UTC |
| Rocket | Ariane 5ECA (VA255) |
| Launch site | Centre Spatial Guyanais,
Kourou, ELA-3 |
| Contractor | Arianespace |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Geostationary orbit |
| Longitude | 67.1° West |
|  | |
|  | |
| Transponders | |
| Band | ~200 Ka-band spot beams |
| Coverage area | North America, South America, Caribbean, Atlantic Ocean |
|  | |
| SES constellation | |


title: Uncommon Sense with Saloni

abstract: Uncommon Sense with Saloni is a 2020 Indian comedy show that premiered on SonyLIV on 5 November 2020. It was directed by Prem Mistry and Sachin Negi, starring Saloni Gaur, Shubham Gaur, Jasmeet Singh Bhatia, Sachin Negi and Badri Chavan. Saloni Gaur, commonly known by her comic name Nazma Aapi, is a contemporary comedian and impressionist. She marked her web series debut with this show.

text:
# Uncommon Sense with Saloni

**Uncommon Sense with Saloni** is a 2020 Indian comedy show that premiered on SonyLIV on 5 November 2020. It was directed by Prem Mistry and Sachin Negi, starring Saloni Gaur, Shubham Gaur, Jasmeet Singh Bhatia, Sachin Negi and Badri Chavan. Saloni Gaur, commonly known by her comic name Nazma Aapi, is a contemporary comedian and impressionist. She marked her web series debut with this show.

## Cast

* Saloni Gaur
* Shubham Gaur
* Jasmeet Singh
* Sachin Negi
* Ramesh Joshi
* Badri Chavan
* Shivani Joshi
* Abhishek Yadav
* Ranjan Raj
* Aashna Haria
* Yash Purohit
* Khushbu Baid
* Abhinav Anand
* Rajesh Yadav
* Sagar Malhan
* Ashish Trivedi
* Ayush Anand
* Rajendra Chawla
* Vaibhav Bundhoo
* Saad Bilgrami
* Arun Kushwah
* Tithi Raaj
* Raju Kher
* Abhishake Jha
* Jaimini Pathak
* Visshesh Tiwari
* Srishti Shrivastava
* Luv Vispute
* Parul Gulati
* Sahil Verma
* Ahsaas Channa
* Ayushi Gupta
* Durin Das
* Komal Chhabria

## Episodes

### Season 1

| Series | Episodes | | Originally released | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 20 | | 5 November 2020 (2020-11-05) | |

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Students and Unemployment" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 5 November 2020 (2020-11-05) |
| 2 | 2 | "Uncommon Diwali 2020" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 13 November 2020 (2020-11-13) |
| 3 | 3 | "Journalism and Fake News" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 20 November 2020 (2020-11-20) |
| 4 | 4 | "Healthcare in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 27 November 2020 (2020-11-27) |
| 5 | 5 | "Cyber Scams in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 4 December 2020 (2020-12-04) |
| 6 | 6 | "Gaming in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 11 December 2020 (2020-12-11) |
| 7 | 7 | "Bharatiya Trolling" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 18 December 2020 (2020-12-18) |
| 8 | 8 | "Christmas and New Years Special" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 25 December 2020 (2020-12-25) |
| 9 | 9 | "Women Safety in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 31 December 2020 (2020-12-31) |
| 10 | 10 | "Education System in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 8 January 2021 (2021-01-08) |
| 11 | 11 | "Toxic Workplaces in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 15 January 2021 (2021-01-15) |
| 12 | 12 | "Mental Health in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 22 January 2021 (2021-01-22) |
| 13 | 13 | "Infrastructure in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 29 January 2021 (2021-01-29) |
| 14 | 14 | "Environmental Issues in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 5 February 2021 (2021-02-05) |
| 15 | 15 | "Valentine's Day" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 12 February 2021 (2021-02-12) |
| 16 | 16 | "Corruption in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 19 February 2021 (2021-02-19) |
| 17 | 17 | "Artistic Freedom in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 26 February 2021 (2021-02-26) |
| 18 | 18 | "Banking in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 5 March 2021 (2021-03-05) |
| 19 | 19 | "Parenting in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 12 March 2021 (2021-03-12) |
| 20 | 20 | "Parenting in India" | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi | 19 March 2021 (2021-03-19) |

## Reception

### Critical reviews

The show has received mixed reviews.

A reviewer for *Film Companion* criticized the show for being "Too Silly For The Serious Topic It Wants To Discuss". She added "For the show to work, it either needs much sharper writing or a full-blown commitment to silliness without the baggage of an ‘issue’ to discuss."

Tatsam Mukherjee of *Firstpost* said "The first episode of *Uncommon Sense with Saloni* is well... adequate, also served with a segment featuring Nazma Aapi, Gaur's most popular avatar. In a time, when there are no such shows (barring Kamra's) maybe we should be thankful for this one. It might improve in the episodes to come."

The show received a rating of 6.6/10 on Digit (magazine).

## Controversy

Bollywood actress Kangana Ranaut lashed out at Saloni for mimicking her.

1. "Sony Liv ties up with content creators". *www.thehindubusinessline.com*. 18 June 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
2. "From Permanent Roommates to Social, OTT platforms have offered quality middle of the road content". *Firstpost*. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
3. "Uncommon Sense with Saloni: Nazma Aapi turns to a rare Indian political comedy show, but fails to punch up". *Firstpost*. 7 November 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
4. "Uncommon Sense with Saloni first impression: Get Nazma Aapi a better team". *The Indian Express*. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
5. Jain, Arushi (13 November 2020). "Saloni Gaur: Uncommon Sense with Saloni has a very middle-class feel". *The Indian Express*. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
6. "Watch Uncommon Sense With Saloni Online, All Seasons or Episodes, Comedy | Show/Web Series". *www.digit.in*. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
7. "Kangana Ranaut Lashed Out At 'Nazma Aapi' Saloni Gaur For Mimicking Her, Artist Says "I Don't Care About What She Says…"". *Koimoi*. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.

## InfoBox

| *Uncommon Sense with Saloni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Created by | Yellow Montage |
| Written by | Abhishek Yadav
Jasmeet Singh Bhatia
Shubham Gaur
Sunil (Rofl 2.0)
Suprith Kundar
Nikhil Vijay |
| Directed by | Prem Mistry
Sachin Negi |
| Starring | Saloni Gaur
Shubham Gaur
Jasmeet Singh Bhatia
Sachin Negi
Badri Chavan |
| Music by | Shane Kahalehau
Deeptanshu Mokashi |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 20 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Abhishek Yadav
Shubham Gaur
Prem Mistry |
| Cinematography | Ashwin Kadamboor |
| Editor | Akash Bundhoo |
| Original release | |
| Network | SonyLIV |
| Release | 5 November 2020 (2020-11-05) |


title: Tina Tower

abstract: Tina Tower is an Australian businesswoman, entrepreneur, author, world traveller and high performance business consultant. She is the founder of the Begin Bright franchise, a school readiness and primary tutoring centre franchise. In 2014, Tina was the winner of the Australian Telstra Young Business Woman of the Year award. Tower was named by The Huffington Post as one of the Top 10 Aussie Women to watch in business.

text:
# Tina Tower

**Tina Tower** is an Australian businesswoman, entrepreneur, author, world traveller and high performance business consultant. She is the founder of the Begin Bright franchise, a school readiness and primary tutoring centre franchise. In 2014, Tina was the winner of the Australian Telstra Young Business Woman of the Year award. Tower was named by *The Huffington Post* as one of the Top 10 Aussie Women to watch in business.

## Career

Tower developed a passion for business early attending Robert Kiyosaki and Tony Robbins seminars as a teenager. It was at the mere age of 20 that she started her first business, Reach Education Centre, an educational toy store, birthday party place and tutoring centre. Having completed a Bachelor in Primary Education from University of Sydney, Tower then founded Begin Bright, a school readiness and primary tutoring curriculum in 2008 within her own centres. In 2011, at the age of 27, Tower began the arduous journey of franchising her business, Begin Bright. Begin Bright has franchised centres across New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. Tower built the franchise to 33 Begin Bright centres across Australia before Cognition Education acquired Begin Bright in 2016, with Tower and her expertise remaining as a member of the Begin Bright Board.

Tower was named in The Educator Magazine Hotlist in 2016 as one of the Top 20 people shaping education in Australia. Tower has also been featured in The Australian Financial Review and Sky News Business Channel.

In 2017 Tower commenced the role as Entrepreneur in Residence for Business Chicks, Australia's largest and most influential community for women. Tower is also a business consultant working with business owners to grow their businesses through tapping into peak performance and with corporates to become more entrepreneurial and innovative through culture improvement and business practices.

In 2017, Tower launched film production company, Nikhedonia Productions with the film option rights to quality book titles and is currently in the process of getting these projects into production.

Using her vast business experience, Tower offers online business courses. The courses are designed to help individuals perform at peak performance and provide tangible tools and strategies to lift business results.

## Controversy

In 2016 Tina Tower entered mediation with seven franchise owners over allegations she misled investors. An investor named Ms Yu, who holds a masters in teaching, says she abandoned the program because she was too embarrassed to give the worksheets to students because of the many spelling and mathematical errors. “I’ve been able to do better than other franchise owners because I didn’t use the resources, but I’m still paying for a program that’s full of mistakes,” Ms Yu said.

## Personal life

In 2005, Tina Tower married Mat Tower in Sydney, Australia. The two share two children together with Kai born 2008 and Cohen in 2009. In 2013 Tower relocated from Sydney to a farm in Northern NSW.

## Awards and recognition

* 2012 - Winner of My Business Magazine 'Woman in Business' and 'Overall business' winner
* 2013 - Winner of Australian Small Business Champions Award for Educational Services
* 2014 - Winner of Australian Telstra Young Business Woman of the Year

## InfoBox

| Tina Tower | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1984-01-09) 9 January 1984 |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur |
| Website | https://www.tinatower.com/ |


title: Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur

abstract: Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur was a French diplomat.

text:
# Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur

**Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur** (7 January 1761 – 23 April 1822) was a French diplomat.

## Life

The Verninac family originated in Gourdon, Lot in the former province of Quercy. Jean de Verninac was a counsellor of the king in Villefranche in 1696. Another family member was vicar-general of Rodez in 1786. Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur was his nephew.

Raymond de Verninac was one of the three commissioners who were delegated to settle the annexation of Avignon in 1791. He was Minister to Sweden from 1792 until 1793, when Louis XVI was executed and relations were broken off. Raymond Verninac arrived at Constantinople on 12 April 1795 with the title of Envoy of the French Republic. After a month of negotiations, he was accepted on 18 May 1795. He continued until 1797 as French representative to the Porte of the Ottoman Sultan Selim III.

Verninac was not successful in improving relations between the Porte and France, since the Turks were not sympathetic to the recent French Revolution. He did send a commissioner to investigate the state of Egypt, who reported in September 1796 that the Ottoman Empire was in an extreme state of decay and that Egypt could be taken with little effort. On 9 April 1797 Verninac had a long interview with the general Napoleon Bonaparte, who appears to have accepted this view. The idea took hold in Napoleon's mind, and on 16 August 1797 he wrote to the Directory revealing his plan to attack Egypt.

In 1798 Raymond de Verninac married Henriette Delacroix, older sister of the future painter Eugène Delacroix. She was the daughter of Charles-François Delacroix (or Lacroix), minister of Foreign Affairs under the Directory. During the Consulate (1799–1804) Verninac was Prefect of the Rhône department. The Verninacs moved to Lyon. From 1802–05 Raymond de Verninac was French representative to Switzerland, after which he retired from the diplomatic service. Charles Étienne Raymond Victor de Verninac was born in Paris on 19 November 1803, the couple's only child.

Raymond de Verninac died on 23 April 1822. His wife was left destitute. His nephew and namesake was the future Admiral Raymond-Jean-Baptiste de Verninac Saint-Maur.

**Citations**

**Sources**

* "Henriette de Verninac (1780–1827)". Musée National Eugène Delacroix. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
* Herold, J. Christopher (1 May 2009). *Bonaparte in Egypt*. Fireship Press. ISBN 978-1-934757-76-5. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
* Johnson, Lee (1991). *Eugène Delacroix, further correspondence, 1817–1863*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-817395-3. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
* Panzac, Daniel (1 January 1995). *Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960): actes du sixième congrès international tenu à Aix-en-Provence du 1er au 4 juillet 1992*. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-6831-799-2. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
* Sjöberg, Yves (1963). *Pour comprendre Delacroix*. Editions Beauchesne. GGKEY:021FPT3P5E8. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
* Société héraldique et généalogique de France (1886). *Bulletin*. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
* Strathern, Paul (September 2009). *Napoleon in Egypt*. Bantam Books Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-553-38524-3. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
* "Verninac Saint-Maur (de) Raymond". *Le site des Berruyer*. Retrieved 2014-03-16.

## InfoBox

| Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1761-01-07)7 January 1761<br>Souillac, Lot, France |
| Died | 23 April 1822(1822-04-23) (aged 61) |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Diplomat |


title: Henry Dresser

abstract: Henry Owen Dresser was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head baseball coach at the University of Vermont in 1928 and the head football coach at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania from 1929 to 1932, compiling a record of 16–16–1. Dresser was later a professor of health and physical education at Louisiana State University (LSU). He died on November 10, 1963, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

text:
# Henry Dresser

**Henry Owen Dresser** (October 2, 1891 – November 10, 1963) was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head baseball coach at the University of Vermont in 1928 and the head football coach at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania from 1929 to 1932, compiling a record of 16–16–1.

Dresser was later a professor of health and physical education at Louisiana State University (LSU). He died on November 10, 1963, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

## InfoBox

Henry Dresser
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1891-10-02)October 2, 1891
Manhattan, Kansas, U.S. |
| Died | November 10, 1963(1963-11-10) (aged 72)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1913 | Kansas State |
| 1915–1916 | Springfield |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Quarterback |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1914 | Abilene HS (KS) |
| 1920–1923 | Springfield Tech HS (MA) |
| 1924–1928 | Vermont (assistant) |
| 1929–1932 | Shippensburg |
| Baseball | |
| 1928 | Vermont |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 1920–1924 | Springfield Tech HS (MA) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 16–16–1 (college football) |
|  | |