title: The Unexpected (2018 comic book)

abstract: The Unexpected is an ongoing American superhero comic book written by Steve Orlando and published monthly by DC Comics. The series was part of the "New Age of DC Heroes" initiative, which launched following the conclusion of the Dark Nights: Metal crossover event, and began publication on June 6, 2018. It focuses on the titular team—consisting of Firebrand, Neon the Unknown, Viking Judge, and Ascendant—and follows their adventures, which relate to the events of Dark Nights: Metal and the Dark Multiverse. DC announced plans to debut new titles following the conclusion of Dark Nights: Metal in April 2017, under the "Dark Matter" initiative, with the titles connecting to the events of the crossover. The Unexpected was first announced in October as part of the initiative, which had been renamed to "New Age of DC Heroes". According to Orlando, the titles core theme is discovery, describing it as a cross between "The Dark Tower and Seven Samurai", and deals with numerous aspects of DC's multiverse. The series ended with its eighth issue.

text:
# The Unexpected (2018 comic book)

***The Unexpected*** is an ongoing American superhero comic book written by Steve Orlando and published monthly by DC Comics. The series was part of the "New Age of DC Heroes" initiative, which launched following the conclusion of the *Dark Nights: Metal* crossover event, and began publication on June 6, 2018. It focuses on the titular team—consisting of Firebrand, Neon the Unknown, Viking Judge, and Ascendant—and follows their adventures, which relate to the events of *Dark Nights: Metal* and the Dark Multiverse.

DC announced plans to debut new titles following the conclusion of *Dark Nights: Metal* in April 2017, under the "Dark Matter" initiative, with the titles connecting to the events of the crossover. *The Unexpected* was first announced in October as part of the initiative, which had been renamed to "New Age of DC Heroes". According to Orlando, the titles core theme is discovery, describing it as a cross between "*The Dark Tower* and *Seven Samurai*", and deals with numerous aspects of DC's multiverse.

The series ended with its eighth issue.

## Plot

Former paramedic Janet Fals/Firebrand was killed during the invasion of the Dark Multiverse. After her body was released to Civil Solutions, they resurrected her by installing the Conflict Engine into her heart, which requires her to fight every 24 hours or she'll die. While working her shift at a VA hospital, she is attacked by Alden Quench/Bad Samaritan, who wishes to extract the Conflict Engine from her. During the attack, the Unexpected—Neon the Unknown, Viking Judge, and Ascendant—show up to help Firebrand. In the ensuing battle, Bad Samaritan manages to injure and draw blood from Neon, Ascendant, and Viking Judge, using the latter's ax, which he uses to hit Firebrand in the chest, causing an explosion that results in the deaths of himself, Ascendant, and Viking Judge. The explosion also creates a new isotope of metal.

## Development and publication history

### Background and announcement

From June 2017 up to March 2018, DC Comics published *Dark Nights: Metal*, consisting of a six-issue limited series and various tie-ins. The story focused on Batman discovering the existence of the Dark Multiverse and fighting evil versions of himself led by the dark god Barbatos. Following the conclusion of *Dark Nights: Metal*, DC launched the "Dark Matter" initiative and debuted numerous new titles spinning off the event. In October, during the New York Comic Con the "Dark Matter" initiative had been rebranded to "The New Age of DC Heroes", with *The Unexpected* being one of the titles to debut. The series was written by Steve Orlando, with art by Ryan Sook.

### Writing and characters

Orlando described the series as "*The Dark Tower* meets *Seven Samurai*" and focuses on new characters Janet Fals/Firebrand, Colin Nomi/Neon the Unknown, Turid Goldenaxe/Viking Judge, and Elligh/Ascendant. According to him, the titular team consists of people who are trying to atone for mistakes they made in the past, which they consider to be unforgivable. Orlando stated that Firebrand is *The Unexpected*'s main connection to the events of *Dark Nights: Metal*, as she was a paramedic that got injured during the events of the crossover.

Besides the series' connection to the events of *Dark Nights: Metal* and the Dark Multiverse, Orlando said that *The Unexpected* also deals with the post-*Flashpoint* *Multiverse*, *Crisis on Infinite Earths*, *Infinite Crisis*, and *Final Crisis*, showing how many of these stories are connected to each other. Additionally, one of the book's core themes is discovery.

Regarding the characters, Ryan Sook said that he designed them based on the descriptions he'd received from Orlando and sent them to DC. While Firebrand's design remained the same throughout development, his original designs for Neon, Viking Judge, and Ascendant were all scrapped and went through various incarnations.

## Reception

### Critical response

*The Unexpected* has received positive reviews from comics critics. At the review aggregator website Comic Book Roundup, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 10 to reviews from comics critics, the series has received an average score of 7.5 based on 51 reviews.

### Commercial performance

*The Unexpected* #1 debuted at 69th place on Diamond Comic Distributors' best-selling comics ranking for June 2018, with 28,028 copies distributed, being the 29th-best-selling DC comic book series published as well as the fourth-best-selling title by DC to debut in that month.

The second issue fell to 123rd place in July.

## InfoBox

| *The Unexpected* | |
| --- | --- |
| Textless cover to *The Unexpected* #1 (June 2018), by Ryan Sook, featuring Neon, Viking Judge, Ascendant, and Firebrand. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Genre | Superhero |
| Publication date | June 6, 2018 – January 9, 2019 |
| No. of issues | 8 |
| Main character(s) | Firebrand
Neon the Unknown
Viking Judge
Ascendant |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Steve Orlando |
| Artist(s) | Ryan Sook
Cary Nord |


title: Paramogoplistes

abstract: Paramogoplistes is a genus of European crickets in the family Mogoplistidae and tribe Mogoplistini, erected by A.V. Gorochov in 1984 as part of the revision of genus Mogoplistes. This genus is recorded from the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia and South-eastern Europe.

text:
# Paramogoplistes

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Images at iNaturalist | |

***Paramogoplistes*** is a genus of European crickets in the family Mogoplistidae and tribe Mogoplistini, erected by A.V. Gorochov in 1984 as part of the revision of genus *Mogoplistes*. This genus is recorded from the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia and South-eastern Europe (to western Turkey).

## Species

The *Orthoptera Species File* lists:

1. *Paramogoplistes dentatus* Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2001
2. *Paramogoplistes novaki* (Krauss, 1888) \- **type species** (as *Mogoplistes novaki* Krauss)
3. *Paramogoplistes ortini* Llucià Pomares, 2015

## InfoBox

| *Paramogoplistes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Mogoplistidae |
| Subfamily: | Mogoplistinae |
| Tribe: | Mogoplistini |
| Genus: | *Paramogoplistes*<br>Gorochov, 1984 |
|


title: Merry Ole Soul

abstract: Merry Ole Soul is a Christmas album by jazz pianist and arranger Duke Pearson, featuring performances recorded in 1969 and originally released on the Blue Note label.

text:
# Merry Ole Soul

***Merry Ole Soul*** is a Christmas album by jazz pianist and arranger Duke Pearson, featuring performances recorded in 1969 and originally released on the Blue Note label.

## Reception

The AllMusic review awarded the album 2 out of 5 stars.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

## Track listing

1. "Sleigh Ride" (Leroy Anderson, Mitchell Parish) - 6:25
2. "The Little Drummer Boy" (Katherine K. Davis, Henry Onorati, Harry Simeone) - 5:47
3. "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" (Ralph Blane, Hugh Martin) - 2:00
4. "Jingle Bells" (James Pierpont) - 5:10
5. "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (J. Fred Coots, Haven Gillespie) - 4:07
6. "Go Tell It on the Mountain" (Traditional) - 3:44
7. "Wassail Song" (Traditional) - 3:04
8. "Silent Night" (Franz Gruber, Joseph Mohr) - 4:12
9. "O Little Town of Bethlehem" (Phillips Brooks, Lewis Redner) - 1:14

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Merry Ole Soul | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Duke Pearson | |
| Released | 1969 |
| Recorded | February 25 & August 19, 1969 |
| Studio | Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |
| Genre | Jazz, Christmas |
| Label | Blue Note |
| Producer | Duke Pearson |
| Duke Pearson chronology | |
| *How Insensitive*
(1969) ***Merry Ole Soul***
(1969) *I Don't Care Who Knows It*
(1968-70) | |


title: Herminiinae

abstract: The Herminiinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The members of the subfamily are called litter moths because the caterpillars of most members feed on dead leaves of plants, though others feed on living leaves, and/or the mushrooms of fungi as in the case of genus Idia.

text:
# Herminiinae

The **Herminiinae** are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The members of the subfamily are called **litter moths** because the caterpillars of most members feed on dead leaves of plants, though others feed on living leaves, and/or the mushrooms of fungi as in the case of genus *Idia*.

## Taxonomy

The subfamily was previous treated as a separate family, Herminiidae, or as a subfamily of the family Noctuidae. Phylogenetic analysis has determined that the Herminiinae are most closely related to the subfamily Aganainae of the Erebidae.

## Genera

## Example species

## InfoBox

| Herminiinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Herminia grisealis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Herminiinae<br>Leach, 1815 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * Herminiidae | |


title: Nicholas Hopton

abstract: Nicholas Dunster Hopton is a British diplomat who was the head of the UK embassy in Libya. Hopton was educated at St Peter's School, York and Magdalene College, Cambridge. He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1989 and served in Paris, Rome and Rabat. He worked on the national security team at the Cabinet Office and was Private Secretary to the Minister of State for Europe. He assumed his first ambassadorial position as Ambassador to Yemen from 2012 to 2013, before serving as Ambassador to Qatar between 2013 and 2015. In December 2015 he was appointed British chargé d'affaires in Iran. Following the improvement in relations between the United Kingdom and Iran, Hopton was made Ambassador to Iran in September 2016 – the first British ambassador to the country since 2011. He was appointed chargé d'affaires at the British embassy in Libya in September 2019. He was succeeded by Caroline Hurndall in September 2021. From 2013 to 2014 Hopton was a visiting academic at St Antony's College, Oxford.

text:
# Nicholas Hopton

**Nicholas Dunster Hopton** (born 8 October 1965) is a British diplomat who was the head of the UK embassy in Libya.

Hopton was educated at St Peter's School, York and Magdalene College, Cambridge. He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1989 and served in Paris, Rome and Rabat. He worked on the national security team at the Cabinet Office and was Private Secretary to the Minister of State for Europe.

He assumed his first ambassadorial position as Ambassador to Yemen from 2012 to 2013, before serving as Ambassador to Qatar between 2013 and 2015. In December 2015 he was appointed British chargé d'affaires in Iran. Following the improvement in relations between the United Kingdom and Iran, Hopton was made Ambassador to Iran in September 2016 – the first British ambassador to the country since 2011. He was appointed chargé d'affaires at the British embassy in Libya in September 2019. He was succeeded by Caroline Hurndall in September 2021.

From 2013 to 2014 Hopton was a visiting academic at St Antony's College, Oxford.

## InfoBox

| His ExcellencyNicholas Hopton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| British Ambassador to Libya | |
| **In office**
9 September 2019  1 September 2021 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Boris Johnson |
| Preceded by | Martin Reynolds |
| Succeeded by | Caroline Hurndall |
| British Ambassador to Iran | |
| **In office**
September 2016  March 2018 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Theresa May |
| Preceded by | Himself (as chargé d'affaires) |
| Succeeded by | Robert Macaire |
| British Ambassador to Qatar | |
| **In office**
2013–2015 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | David Cameron |
| Preceded by | Michael O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Ajay Sharma |
| British Ambassador to Yemen | |
| **In office**
2012–2013 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | David Cameron |
| Preceded by | Jonathan Wilks |
| Succeeded by | Jane Marriott |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1965-10-08) 8 October 1965 |
| Education | St Peter's School, York |
| Alma mater | Magdalene College, Cambridge |
|  | |


title: Prailles-La Couarde

abstract: Prailles-La Couarde is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Prailles and La Couarde.

text:
# Prailles-La Couarde

**Prailles-La Couarde** (French pronunciation: \[pʁaj la kwaʁd\]) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Prailles (the seat) and La Couarde.

## InfoBox

| Prailles-La Couarde | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Prailles | |
| Location of Prailles-La Couarde | |
| Prailles-La CouardePrailles-La Couarde | |
| Coordinates: 46°19′28″N 0°13′02″W / 46.3244°N 0.2172°W / 46.3244; -0.2172 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Deux-Sèvres |
| Arrondissement | Niort |
| Canton | Celles-sur-Belle |
| Intercommunality | Mellois-en-Poitou |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Roselyne Demion-Jacinto |
| Area**1** | 35.22 km2 (13.60 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 945 |
| Density | 27/km2 (69/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 79217 /79370 |
| Elevation | 98–189 m (322–620 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Rhondes flexibilis

abstract: Rhondes flexibilis is an endemic species of jumping spider in the genus Rhondes that lives in New Caledonia. First described in 2016 by Barbara Patoleta, the species is common across the island, living in rainforests. It is small and slender, with a wide brown hairy cephalothorax and thinner abdomen that has a pattern of light and dark patches. The male, which is slightly larger, has a variably-shaped sclerite on the palpal bulb, after which the species is named. The female has a slightly less distinctive abdominal pattern and an epigyne with a relatively long and narrow pocket.

text:
# Rhondes flexibilis

***Rhondes flexibilis*** is an endemic species of jumping spider in the genus *Rhondes* that lives in New Caledonia. First described in 2016 by Barbara Patoleta, the species is common across the island, living in rainforests. It is small and slender, with a wide brown hairy cephalothorax and thinner abdomen that has a pattern of light and dark patches. The male, which is slightly larger, has a variably-shaped sclerite on the palpal bulb, after which the species is named. The female has a slightly less distinctive abdominal pattern and an epigyne with a relatively long and narrow pocket.

## Taxonomy

*Rhondes flexibilis* was first identified in 2016 by Barbara Patoleta. The species was named after shape of the sclerite on the palpal bulb, which is quite variable. The genus *Rhondes* was raised in 1901 by Eugène Simon for endemic species of jumping spiders in New Caledonia. It has been placed in the tribe Viciriini in the clade Astioida. Genetic analysis confirms that it is related to other species found only on the island, including *Trite ignipilosa*, and not as closely related to the genus *Heliophanus*, and other members of the Chrysillini tribe, as was originally suggested. The fact that the species on the island are both closely related to each other and genetically distinct from those found off the island is used as evidence of the evolution taking place after the breakup of Gondwana.

## Description

The spider is one of five members of the genus described by Patoleta in 2016. Small and slender, it has a shape that is typical of the genus, with a wide cephalothorax, thinner abdomen, very large chelicerae and very long endites. The cephalothorax is dark brown, with a covering of white scales, which measures 4.8 mm (0.19 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) wide in the male and 3.2 mm (0.13 in) long and 2.7 mm (0.11 in) wide in the female. The abdomen is grey-brown with sparse brown hairs. The male's abdomen measures 5.3 mm (0.21 in) long and 2.7 mm (0.11 in) wide and has light and dark patches. The female has an abdomen 03 mm (0.12 in) shorter with less contrast between the patches. The chelicerae, endites and clypeus are all light brown, as are the pedipalps in the male. The embolus is long and thin, although shorter than the related *Rhondes atypicus*. The female has an epigyne with a narrow and relatively long pocket.

## Distribution and habitat

*Rhondes flexibilis* was first identified from specimens, which included the male holotype and female allotype, that were found around Mont Panié on Grande Terre, New Caledonia. They had been collected in 1911 by Jean Roux and Fritz Sarasin. It has also been seen in many other rainforest areas around the island, and is predicted to have a distribution across the archipelago. Despite the existence of similar environments on other islands across the Pacific Ocean, there is no evidence of the species in any other locale, and so it is endemic to New Caledonia.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| *Rhondes flexibilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Rhondes* |
| Species: | ***R. flexibilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhondes flexibilis***<br>Patoleta, 2016 | |
|


title: VMO-7

abstract: Marine Observation Squadron 7 (VMO-7) was an observation squadron of the United States Marine Corps during World War II. They were active for a year and a half during which time they saw action during the Battle of Okinawa. The squadron was quickly deactivated following the end of the war.

text:
# VMO-7

**Marine Observation Squadron 7** (**VMO-7**) was an observation squadron of the United States Marine Corps during World War II. They were active for a year and a half during which time they saw action during the Battle of Okinawa. The squadron was quickly deactivated following the end of the war.

## History

VMO-7 was commissioned on December 15, 1944 at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia. After a short period of training, the squadron moved to Marine Corps Air Station Ewa on February 27, 1945, sailing on board the British escort carrier HMS Ranee (D03). Another two months of training in Hawaii saw the squadron depart Pearl Harbor on April 17, 1945, and sail for Okinawa. The squadron filtered onto the island from May 7-11 and quickly began flights spotting targets for III Amphibious Corps’ artillery. During the period between June 11-22 the squadron made 271 CASEVAC flights from a dirt strip in Naha taking 369 casualties back to hospitals in the rear areas. VMO-7 aircraft were engaged in combat operations on Okinawa until June 21, 1945. During the battle, the squadron flew 300 combat hours without losing a pilot or plane. The unit remained on the island for the rest of the war and was decommissioned on November 16, 1945.

## Awards

## Citations

Bibliography  * De Chant, John A. (1947). *Devilbirds - The Story of United States Marine Aviation in World War II*. New York: Harper & Brothers.
* Sherrod, Robert (1952). *History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II*. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press.

## InfoBox

| Marine Observation Squadron 7 | |
| --- | --- |
| **No known insignia** | |
| Active | 15 December 1944 – 16 November 1945 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | USMC |
| Type | Observation squadron |
| Garrison/HQ | Inactive |
| Engagements | **World War II**<br>* Battle of Okinawa |


abstract:
The Harvard Australian Expedition of 1931–1932 was a six-man venture sent by then Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) director Thomas Barbour to Australia for the dual purpose of procuring specimens and studying native (living) wildlife in its natural habitat. The Expedition leader was Harvard Professor William Morton Wheeler, with the others being Dr. Philip Jackson Darlington, Jr., Dr. Glover Morrill Allen and his student Ralph Nicholson Ellis, medical officer Dr. Ira M. Dixon, and William E. Schevill.
The Expedition was a success, with 341 mammal, 545 amphibian, and thousands of insect specimens returning to the United States., yet its most famous legacy and find was the accidental discovery of the world's most complete skeleton of the short-necked pliosaur Kronosaurus queenslandicus.

text:
# Harvard Australian Expedition (1931–1932)

The **Harvard Australian Expedition of 1931–1932** was a six-man venture sent by then Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) director Thomas Barbour to Australia for the dual purpose of procuring specimens and studying native (living) wildlife in its natural habitat. The Expedition leader was Harvard Professor William Morton Wheeler, with the others being Dr. Philip Jackson Darlington, Jr. (a renowned coleopterist), Dr. Glover Morrill Allen and his student Ralph Nicholson Ellis, medical officer Dr. Ira M. Dixon, and William E. Schevill (a graduate-student in his twenties as well as Associate Curator of Invertebrate Palaeontology at the MCZ). The Expedition was a success, with 341 mammal, 545 amphibian, and thousands of insect specimens returning to the United States., yet its most famous legacy and find was the accidental discovery of the world's most complete skeleton of the short-necked pliosaur *Kronosaurus queenslandicus*.

## Finding Specimens

The MCZ being "weak in Australian animals and...desires\[ing\] to complete its series", specimen collection was as important as observation. Operating mostly in eastern and southwestern Australia, at least four of the species they collected "were new to science". Spending a total of three months in Western Australia, the team suffered delays in assembling the collections in Sydney, "obtaining export permits from Customs," and transporting their collections back to the States. Then, in the last days of 1931, two expedition members returned as well – those being Professors Wheeler (the leader) and Allen, leaving their four counterparts in Sydney. Following the shrinkage of the team, William Schevill reports that Dr. Darlington began, and spent most of his time, collecting various insect, mammal, and bird specimens in the area around Sydney as well as in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales; indeed, "he was particularly among the mammals of this region." This was the beginning of the team working on a more individual basis rather than as a group, for Schevill set out on his own to collect three times and, in February, Ralph Ellis departed from Australia; swiftly followed by medical officer Dr. Ira Dixon as, per Schevill's report, - "his continued services...\[were\] no longer practicable, since Dr. Darlington and I planned to collect in rather widely separated regions. Thus only two of the original six expedition members remained.

From this point forward Schevill and Darlington met only when their work required it, the former working more closely with the then Director of the Queensland Museum (Heber A. Longman) and, through him, with Australia's Under Secretary of the Department of Agriculture and Stock (R. Wilson). The two worked together twice more, in the McPherson Range and Cairns where Darlington procured a series of tree kangaroo and Schevill worked along Lake Barrine. Indeed, noting Darlington's activities in greater detail than his own, Mr. Schevill reports that "Dr. Darlington's resourceful skill and industry had brought together, from New South Wales and Queensland, not only a large collection of insects, but also over three hundred fifty mammals, representing over sixty species, as well about fifty species of birds; in addition, he had about two hundred fifty reptiles and amphibians." However, Philip Darlington departed Australia on August 2, 1932 - leaving and making William E. Schevill the last remaining member of the original six-men expedition. And it was Schevill, the team's fossil enthusiast, who was about to make the discovery that made the Harvard Australian Expedition famous.

## *Kronosaurus queenslandicus*

In the winter of 1932, Schevill was told by the rancher R.W.H. Thomas of rocks with something "odd" poking out of them on his property near Hughenden. The rocks were limestone nodules containing the most complete skeleton of a *Kronosaurus* ever discovered. After dynamiting the nodules out of the ground (and into smaller pieces weighing approximately four tons) with the aid of a British migrant trained in the use of explosives, Scheville had the fossils shipped back to Harvard for examination and preparation. The skull—which matched the holotype jaw fragment of *K. queenslandicus*—was prepared right away, but time and budget constraints put off restoration of the nearly complete skeleton - most of the bones of which remained unexcavated within the limestone blocks - for 20 years.

### Completion and legacy

This interim ended when they came to the attention of Godfrey Lowell Cabot \- Boston industrialist, philanthropist, and founder of the Cabot Corporation \- "who was then in his nineties had been interested in sea serpents since childhood." Having formerly question MCZ director Alfred Romer about the existence and reports of sea serpents and it thus occurred to Dr. Romer to tell Mr. Cabot about the skeleton in the museum closet. Godfrey Cabot thus asked how much a restoration would cost and "Romer, pulling a figure out of the musty air, replied, 'Oh, about $10,000.'" Romer may not have been serious but the philanthropist clearly was because the check for said sum came shortly thereafter. Two years - and more than $10,000 - later, following the careful labor of the museum preparators, the restored and mounted skeleton was displayed at Harvard in 1959.

However, Dr. Romer and MCZ preparator Arnold Lewis confirmed that same year in the institution's journal *Breviora* that "erosion had destroyed a fair fraction of this once complete and articulated skeleton...so that approximately a third of the specimen as exhibited is plaster restoration." Furthermore, the original (real) bones are also layered in plaster; a fact that, while keeping the fossils safe, makes it difficult for paleontologists to study it - an issue which factors into the controversial question of the true size of the *Kronosaurus queenslandicus*.

#### Size controversy

Body-length estimates, largely based on the 1959 Harvard reconstruction, had previously put the total length of *Kronosaurus* at 12.8 metres (42 ft). However, more recent studies, comparing fossil specimens of *Kronosaurus* to other pliosaurs suggests that the Harvard reconstruction may have included too many vertebrae, exaggerating the previous estimate, with the true length probably only 9 to 10.5 metres (30 to 34 ft).


title: Vitaly Paley

abstract: Vitaly Paley is a chef and restaurateur in Portland, Oregon. He won the James Beard Foundation Award for Best Chef: Northwest/Hawaii in 2005, for his work at Paley's Place.

text:
# Vitaly Paley

**Vitaly Paley** is a chef and restaurateur in Portland, Oregon. He won the James Beard Foundation Award for Best Chef: Northwest/Hawaii in 2005, for his work at Paley's Place.

## Early life

Paley was born in Russia and raised in New York City.

## Career

Vitaly and Kimberly Paley opened Paley's Place in 1995. He won the ninth season of *Iron Chef America* in 2011, and was later a guest judge on an episode of *Top Chef: Portland*.

## InfoBox

| Vitaly Paley | |
| --- | --- |
| **Culinary career** | |
| Previous restaurant(s) | |
|  | |


title: The Sticking Place

abstract: The Sticking Place is a 2012 interactive web documentary by Moosestash Films. The film explores the journey of elite athlete, Leah Callahan, a freestyle wrestler with a dream to compete in the Olympic Games.

text:
# The Sticking Place

***The Sticking Place*** is a 2012 interactive web documentary by Moosestash Films. The film explores the journey of elite athlete, Leah Callahan, a freestyle wrestler with a dream to compete in the Olympic Games.

## Story

Following Leah Callahan, the web documentary blends together some of the most candid moments in the wrestler's push to the Olympic Games, presenting her journey through collage, video, animation, photos, audio clips, and user activated/generated content, housed within a collection of vibrant, responsive web-screens. Audiences are invited to explore some of the most intimate details of Leah's day-to-day life, watch her train, read her personal journal entries and emails, share in her childhood home videos, and spend moments with friends and family, all the while examining the realities of what it takes to pursue an Olympic-sized dream.

## Production

Vancouver-based filmmakers Josephine Anderson and Brittany Baxter co-directed/produced the film, following and filming Callahan over the span of a year in Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Mackenzie and Prince George. The Sticking Place was produced with assistance from the National Film Board of Canada's Filmmaker Assistance Program, and with funds generated from a crowd-funding campaign on Kickstarter.

## Release

*The Sticking Place* went live online on June 27, 2012. On February 24, 2013, The Sticking Place was awarded a Pixel Award for Best Sports Project, also garnering the People's Champ Award. On November 15, 2012, The Sticking Place was nominated for Best Web Series: Non-Fiction at the Digi Awards in Toronto, formerly known as the Canadian New Media Awards.

## InfoBox

The Sticking Place
| Type of site | Web documentary |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English |
| Created by | Moosestash Films |
| URL | www.thestickingplacefilm.ca |
| Launched | 2012 |


title: Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)

abstract: Jagannath Sarkar was an Indian Communist leader, freedom fighter, and writer on social issues.

text:
# Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)

**Jagannath Sarkar** (25 September 1919  8 April 2011) was an Indian Communist leader, freedom fighter, and writer on social issues.

## Early life

Jagannath Sarkar was born to a Bengali family in Puri, Orissa, India, on 25 September 1919.

His father, Dr Akhilnath Sarkar, was a gynaecologist at the Prince of Wales Medical College (now the Patna Medical College and Hospital). The Bengali historian Sir Jadunath Sarkar was his uncle.

The young Sarkar grew up in the atmosphere of Bengal renaissance, with his family being inspired by Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda and Rabindranath Tagore.

## Early political interests

One of the priests of the Ramakrishna Mission at Patna, which Sarkar frequented in his youth, introduced him to Marxist literature, which was then banned in British India.

Sarkar went on to study economics at Patna University, where he associated with the Freedom Movement and the nascent Communist Party in Bihar, and he became an activist among students and educated people. After joining the Communist Party, he moved to the working class areas of Bihar and then Jharkhand, were, in the 1940s and 1950s, he engaged in campaigns for miners' and colliery workers' rights.

His father (who had been awarded the honour of Rai Bahadur) was sympathetic to the cause of his son and his comrades, and he secretively provided resources for their revolutionary activities until his death.

## Later career

Sarkar was a leader in the Communist Party of India in Bihar in the 1950s and 1960s when it came to power in the state, and he railed against supporters of military dictatorship and ideology-less rule. Several land reforms in favour of landless labourers were achieved during this period.

Sarkar also wrote on a number of social issues, including secularism, left-wing extremism, tribal development, and socialist ideological issues in India, and he was patron and editor of the Hindi daily Janashakti for a time.

In the 1970s, Sarkar became a member of the Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of India and moved to Delhi. But at the age of 65, he decided to cease participation in active politics, wanting the younger generation to play a leadership role in progressive movements.

He was extensively quoted and written about by national and international academics, including Bipan Chandra and Paul Brass.

Sarkar died on 8 April 2011, in Patna.

## Writing

Many of Sarkar's writings are not easily traceable, but from what was available, an anthology was published as a book in 2010.

Entitled *Many Streams*, it is a collection of selected essays by Sarkar, with some reminiscences from his friends and colleagues. The book was released on 14 May 2010, in Patna by Prof Prabhat Patnaik of Jawaharlal Nehru University.

The preface to the book was written by Shaibal Gupta, Member Secretary of the Asian Development Research Institute, Patna.

## Further reading

1. Paul R. Brass, Political Parties of the Radical Left in South Asian Politics, in the book Radical Politics in South Asia, MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, P. 329.
2. Paul R. Brass, Radical Parties of the Left in Bihar: A Comparison of the SSP and the CPI, Ibid, P. 347. vii
3. The Decline of Communist Mass Base in Bihar: Jagannath Sarkar http://kafila.org/2011/09/25/the-decline-of-communist-mass-base-in-bihar-jagannath-sarkar/

## InfoBox

| Jagannath Sarkar | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1919-09-25)25 September 1919
Puri, Orissa, India |
| Died | 8 April 2011(2011-04-08) (aged 91)
Patna |
| Political party | Communist Party of India |
|  | |


title: Garcinia parvifolia

abstract: Garcinia parvifolia, the Kundong, Brunei cherry or Asam aur aur, is a tropical evergreen tree native to Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi and Sumatra. The tree is found at elevations of 600–800 metres (2,000–2,600 ft) in humid environments, and grows to a height of 33 metres (108 ft). The bark, wood, leaves, and fruit of the kundong tree are used by humans.

text:
# Garcinia parvifolia

***Garcinia parvifolia***, the **Kundong**, **Brunei cherry** or **Asam aur aur**, is a tropical evergreen tree native to Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi and Sumatra. The tree is found at elevations of 600–800 metres (2,000–2,600 ft) in humid environments, and grows to a height of 33 metres (108 ft). The bark, wood, leaves, and fruit of the kundong tree are used by humans.

## Propagation

Kundong trees grow in the humid interior of Borneo. The trees can be found at higher elevations along ridges and near riverbanks. The kundong propagates through seeds that take around six months to germinate. The tree grows quickly and once planted can produce fruit in as little as 4 years. The majority of kundong grow in the wild, but the tree can be cultivated in gardens.

## Usage

In Borneo the bark of the tree is used to produce resin, while the wood is used in furniture or for carving. The juvenile leaves of the tree are eaten as a vegetable. The plant is used as a rootstock for mangosteen.

### Fruit

Kundong can be eaten raw or cooked. The small red-yellow fruit has a sour taste with a sweet white pulp. Younger fruits are used to produce a sour taste in other types of food, such as curry. The fruit is about the size of a cherry and looks similar to a purple mangosteen, hence the nicknames **Brunei cherry** (interchangeable with **Borneo cherry***)* and **red mangosteen**.

## InfoBox

| *Garcinia parvifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae |
| Genus: | *Garcinia* |
| Species: | ***G. parvifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Garcinia parvifolia***<br>(Miq.) Miq. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Garcinia globulosa*  Ridl. * *Garcinia tetangies*  Boerl. | |


title: Higby Mountain

abstract: Higby Mountain or Mount Higby 892 feet (272 m), is a traprock mountain ridge located 3.75 miles (6.04 km) east of Meriden, Connecticut. It is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. Higby Mountain is known for its high cliff faces, unique microclimate ecosystems, and rare plant communities. It rises steeply 600 feet (180 m) above the Quinnipiac River valley and the city of Meriden to the west as a continuous 2-mile (3 km) long ledge. The mountain is traversed by the 50-mile (80 km) Mattabesett Trail.

text:
# Higby Mountain

**Higby Mountain** or **Mount Higby** 892 feet (272 m), is a traprock mountain ridge located 3.75 miles (6.04 km) east of Meriden, Connecticut. It is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. Higby Mountain is known for its high cliff faces, unique microclimate ecosystems, and rare plant communities. It rises steeply 600 feet (180 m) above the Quinnipiac River valley and the city of Meriden to the west as a continuous 2-mile (3 km) long ledge. The mountain is traversed by the 50-mile (80 km) Mattabesett Trail.

## Geography

Located within the towns of Middletown, Meriden, and Middlefield, Higby Mountain is 3 miles (4.8 km) long by 1.2 miles (1.9 km) wide at its widest point, although rugged topography makes the actual square mileage much larger. Higby Mountain is an important aquifer; two reservoirs and one pond lie at the base of it: *Higby Mountain Reservoir* at its east foot; *Adder Reservoir,* on the upper eastern slope; and *Black Pond* between Besek Mountain and Higby Mountain. The mountain forms a conspicuous, sharp 2-mile (3 km) long cliffline visible throughout the upper Quinnipiac River Valley and metropolitan Meriden. *Camel's Hump*, est. 750 feet (230 m), also called *The Pinnacle* is a prominent southern high point on the ridge just above a shallow gap called *Preston Notch*. (*The Pinnacle* should not be confused with a similarly named peak on Talcott Mountain, or with Pinnacle Rock of Farmington, Connecticut, both part of the Metacomet Ridge to the north of Higby Mountain). Interstate 91 cuts through the gap between Higby Mountain and Chauncey Peak to the north.

The Metacomet Ridge continues northwest from Higby Mountain as Chauncey Peak and south as Besek Mountain. A line of smaller hills extends from the Higby Mountain ridgeline north into Middletown; most notable of these is *Fall Hill* from which tumbles the 50 feet (15 m) high *Westfield Falls,* visible from Interstate 91 just north of Higby Mountain. The north and east sides of Higby Mountain drain into Fall Brook, then Sawmill Brook, then the Mattabesett River, thence to the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound. The west and south side drain into Harbor Brook thence into the Quinnipiac River and Long Island Sound.

## Geology and ecology

Higby Mountain, like much of the Metacomet Ridge, is composed of basalt, also called traprock, a volcanic rock. The mountain formed near the end of the Triassic Period with the rifting apart of the North American continent from Africa and Eurasia. Lava welled up from the rift and solidified into sheets of strata hundreds of feet thick. Subsequent faulting and earthquake activity tilted the strata, creating the cliffs and ridgeline of Higby Mountain. Hot, dry upper slopes, cool, moist ravines, and mineral-rich ledges of basalt talus produce a combination of microclimate ecosystems on the mountain that support plant and animal species uncommon in greater Connecticut. Higby Mountain is also an important raptor migration path. (See Metacomet Ridge for more information on the geology and ecosystem of Higby Mountain).

## Recreation and conservation

Activities enjoyed on the mountain include hiking, snowshoeing, bird watching picnicking, and other passive pursuits. Swimming, boating, and fishing are prohibited in the reservoirs but fishing and boating are allowed on Black Pond. The Mattabesett Trail (maintained by the Connecticut Forest and Park Association), which stretches from the northern end of Lamentation Mountain, south to Totoket Mountain and north again to the Connecticut River, traverses the ridgeline of Higby Mountain. Higby Mountain has two trailheads. There is a roadside parking area at the south end of the mountain on the westbound side of Connecticut Route 66, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Connecticut Route 15 in Meriden. The second trailhead is located at the north end of the mountain at the junction of Miner Street and Interstate 91, exit 20 in Middletown; parking is permitted along the road. Black Pond can be accessed via a small parking lot off East Main Street in Meriden, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) east of Connecticut Route 15.

The Nature Conservancy maintains a 158 acres (64 ha) reservation on the south ridgeline of Higby Mountain. The town of Middletown owns part of the mountain, both as open space and as watershed. Black Pond, undeveloped and scenic, is part of the Black Pond Wildlife Management Area.

Threats to the ecosystem and ridgeline of Higby Mountain include development and quarrying. In 2000, Higby Mountain was included in a study by the National Park Service for the designation of a new National Scenic Trail now tentatively called the New England National Scenic Trail, which would include the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail in Massachusetts and the Mattabesett Trail and Metacomet Trail trails in Connecticut.

The Meriden Land Trust and the Middlesex Land Trust Archived 2010-06-26 at the Wayback Machine have been active in conserving the viewshed of Higby Mountain.

| ↓ South | North ↑ |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Higby Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Ledges of Higby Mountain | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | est. 892 ft (272 m) (ridge high point) |
| Coordinates | 41°34′02″N 72°43′28″W / 41.56722°N 72.72444°W / 41.56722; -72.72444 to<br>41°31′49″N 72°44′37″W / 41.53028°N 72.74361°W / 41.53028; -72.74361 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Middletown, Meriden, and Middlefield |
| Parent range | Metacomet Ridge |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | 200 Ma |
| Mountain type | Fault-block; igneous |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Mattabesett Trail |


title: Nicholas Purcell (classicist)

abstract: Nicholas Purcell FBA is Camden Professor of Ancient History and a fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. Before holding this post he was University Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Oxford and a Tutorial Fellow at St John's College, Oxford.

text:
# Nicholas Purcell (classicist)

**Nicholas Purcell** FBA is Camden Professor of Ancient History and a fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. Before holding this post he was University Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Oxford and a Tutorial Fellow at St John's College, Oxford.

## Early life and education

From 1974 to 1977, Purcell was an undergraduate at Worcester College, Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree. During his time at Worcester College he was a student of Peter Brunt. He was subsequently a prize-fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, until 1979. He does not have a doctorate.

## Academic career

From 1979 until October 2011, he was a tutorial fellow at St John's College, Oxford, succeeding Nicholas Sherwin-White. He was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2007. Upon becoming Camden Professor of Ancient History in October 2011, he was elected a fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford.

### Visiting appointments and lectures

In 1998 Purcell gave the Jerome lectures at the University of Michigan and in 2008 the Rostovtzeff lectures at Yale University. In 2010 he gave the Gray Lectures at the University of Cambridge. In 2012 Purcell became the 98th Sather Professor of Classical Literature at the University of California, Berkeley lecturing on 'Venal Histories: The Character, Limits, and Historical Importance of Buying and Selling in the Ancient World'. In 2012 he also gave the Charles Alexander Robinson, Jr. Memorial Lecture at Brown University entitled 'Roman Diasporas & Texture of Empire.' Purcell has also held the Chaire d'excellence Pierre de Fermat at the University of Toulouse II - Le Mirail.

### Research

Purcell has research interests in the social, economic and cultural history of Rome and the City of Rome as well as the Mediterranean Sea and its history.

Purcell is known especially for his 'ecological view' of ancient history as well as his expertise in ancient Mediterranean history. The publication of his book *The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History* (co-written with Peregrine Horden) was hailed as a 'notable intellectual event'. The book's main thesis is that the Mediterranean is a region made up of micro-regions. The book argues that the Mediterranean ought to be seen in terms of the ecological lines of force linking countless small regions and micro-economies together rather than in terms of a few famous metropoleis. Purcell stresses the longue durée and insists that the different themes of history, i.e. politics, culture, economy, ideas and institutions must be studied in close association. Purcell is currently concerned with expanding this work and with situating the Mediterranean in even larger contexts so as to show how ancient history can be used to answer global historical questions.

## Selected bibliography

* Horden, Peregrine; Purcell, Nicholas (2000), *The Corrupting Sea: a Study of Mediterranean History*, Blackwell

* Purcell, Nicholas (2003). "Becoming historical: the Roman case". In David Braund; Christopher Gill (eds.). *Myth, History and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T.P. Wiseman*. University of Exeter Press.

* Purcell, Nicholas (2005), "Romans in the Roman world", in K. Galinsky (ed.), *The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus*, Cambridge University Press

* Purcell, Nicholas (2007), "The horti of Rome and the landscape of property", *Res bene gestae: ricerche di storia urbana su Roma antica in onore di Eva Margareta Steinby*

* Purcell, Nicholas (2012), "'Romans, Play On!' Rome, city of the Games", *The Blackwell Companion to the City of Rome*, Blackwell

## InfoBox

| Nicholas PurcellFBA | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British |
| Title | Camden Professor of Ancient History (2011–present) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Worcester College, Oxford<br>All Souls College, Oxford |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Ancient history |
| Sub-discipline |  |
| Institutions |  |
| Notable works | *The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History* (2000) |
|  | |


title: Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny

abstract: The Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny is an all girls secondary school catering for students between the ages of 12-19 around the Kilkenny city, and the surrounding areas. The school has a Catholic ethos and falls under the Trusteeship of Catholic Education an Irish Schools Trust.

text:
# Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny

**The Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny** is an all girls secondary school catering for students between the ages of 12-19 around the Kilkenny city, and the surrounding areas. The school has a Catholic ethos and falls under the Trusteeship of Catholic Education an Irish Schools Trust.

## Academic

The school operates Junior Certificate, Transition Year, Leaving Certificate Applied, the L.C.V.P. programme, also called Link Modules and Leaving Certificate courses. The school has a number of non-academic activities for the students.

## History

Isabella McLoughlin and Catherine Meighan trained in Cove Lane in Cork City with the Presentation Sisters which had been founded by Nano Nagle. Isabella became Sr. M. Joseph McLoughlin, aged 23 and Catherine became Sr M. de Sales Meighan in June 1800. The two young women were from St. Mary's Parish Kilkenny city. The Bishop of Ossory, Dr. James Lanigan wanted to bring the kind of caring for the sick and education of the poor to come to Kilkenny and he arranged for the religious sisters to come to the city in September 1800. With the permission given by Bishop Hamilton of the Church of Ireland they were able to open a convent and school in Kilkenny a month later. Permission was needed due to the continued Penal Laws. The nuns were noted for having worn their habits as soon as they took over the building.

The school started as a primary school with sixty girls within a month of the arrival of the nuns. This school was housed within the convent which was possible through the donation of Mr. James Murphy of Dublin. The school also provided some education for adults in the evenings Expansion needs meant that new buildings were added in 1817 on Chapel lane.

After the 1930s, the convent added the post primary school to the campus. The continued growth of the secondary school through the 20th century combined with the open nature of the old buildings on the James's St. campus which were being used for the secondary school lead to the purchase and building of a new school in Loughboy which was opened in November 1985.

The convent and buildings in James St. and Chapel Lane were knocked down in order to make way for the Market Cross shopping centre.

In 2016, the school choir appeared on the TV show Britain's Got Talent. 57 students and the choir director got through the open auditions to appear in front of the judges where they got four Yes votes. They advanced to the live semi finals.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Kilkenny, County Kilkenny<br>Ireland | |
| Coordinates | 52°38′21″N 7°14′51″W / 52.639159°N 7.247506°W / 52.639159; -7.247506 |
| Information | |
| Type | Secondary school |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Catholic |
| Established | 1800 (1800) |
| Principal | Shane Hallahan |
| Number of students | 750 |
| Affiliation | Presentation Sisters |
| Website | presentationkilkenny.com |


title: Rhondes sarasini

abstract: Rhondes sarasini is an endemic species of jumping spider in the genus Rhondes that lives in New Caledonia. First described in 2016 by Barbara Patoleta, only the female has yet to be identified. The holotype was discovered by Jean Roux and Karl Friedrich Sarasin in 1911, and the species name commemorates the latter. It is a small and slender spider, with a wide light brown cephalothorax that is typically 3.2 mm (0.13 in) long and a thinner abdomen, typically 5 mm (0.20 in) long, that has a pattern of light and dark patches. It differs from other members of the genus in its design of the epigyne, which has a wide pocket and short copulatory openings.

text:
# Rhondes sarasini

***Rhondes sarasini*** is an endemic species of jumping spider in the genus *Rhondes* that lives in New Caledonia. First described in 2016 by Barbara Patoleta, only the female has yet to be identified. The holotype was discovered by Jean Roux and Karl Friedrich Sarasin in 1911, and the species name commemorates the latter. It is a small and slender spider, with a wide light brown cephalothorax that is typically 3.2 mm (0.13 in) long and a thinner abdomen, typically 5 mm (0.20 in) long, that has a pattern of light and dark patches. It differs from other members of the genus in its design of the epigyne, which has a wide pocket and short copulatory openings.

## Taxonomy

*Rhondes sarasini* was first identified in 2016 by Barbara Patoleta. The female holotype had been collected in 1911 by Jean Roux and Karl Friedrich Sarasin, and it is the latter that is commemorated in the species name. The genus *Rhondes* was raised in 1901 by Eugène Simon for endemic species of jumping spiders in New Caledonia. It has been placed in the tribe *Viciriini* in the clade *Astioida*. Genetic analysis confirms that it is related to other species found only on the island, including members of the genus *Penionomus*, and not as closely related to members of the genus *Heliophanus* and others of the *Chrysillini* tribe, as was originally suggested. The fact that the species on the island are both closely related to each other and genetically distinct from those found off the island is used as evidence of the evolution taking place after the breakup of Gondwana.

## Description

The spider is one of five members of the genus described by Patoleta in 2016. Only the female has been identified. Small and slender, it has a shape that is typical of the genus, with a wide cephalothorax, thinner abdomen, very large chelicerae and very long endites. The cephalothorax is light brown, with a covering of white scales, which measures 3.2 mm (0.13 in) long and 2.7 mm (0.11 in) wide. The abdomen is grey-brown and hairy with light and dark patches on top and grey-brown underneath. It typically measures 5 mm (0.20 in) long and 2.7 mm (0.11 in) wide. The clypeus is very narrow and light brown with long white hairs. The chelicerae, endites and pedipalps are similarly light brown. The front legs are dark brown, the remainder a lighter brown. The epigyne has short copulatory openings unlike *Rhondes atypicus* but a similarly shallow and wide pocket. This distinguishes it from other species in the genus, such as *Rhondes flexibilis*, which has a wide pocket.

## Distribution and habitat

*Rhondes sarasini* has only been found in one location, in the forests of Vallie Ngoué towards the south end of Grande Terre, New Caledonia. Despite the existence of similar environments on other islands across the Pacific Ocean, it is endemic to the island and there is no evidence of the species in any other locale.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| *Rhondes sarasini* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Rhondes* |
| Species: | ***R. sarasini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhondes sarasini***<br>Patoleta, 2016 | |
|


abstract: Moose Jaw was a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories, Canada. The riding was created by royal proclamation in 1883 and abolished in 1905 when Alberta and Saskatchewan were created.

text:
# Moose Jaw (territorial electoral district)

**Moose Jaw** was a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories, Canada.

The riding was created by royal proclamation in 1883 and abolished in 1905 when Alberta and Saskatchewan were created.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs)

|  | Name | Elected | Left office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | 1883 | 1901 |
|  | George Annable | 1901 | 1905 |

## Election results

### 1883

| August 13, 1883 by-election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | 42 | 67.74% |
|  | John McKay | 20 | 32.26% |
| **Total votes** | | **62** | **100%** |

### 1885

| 1885 Northwest Territories election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | 161 | 60.99% |
|  | Edward W. Hopkins | 103 | 39.01% |
| **Total votes** | | **264** | **100%** |

### 1888

| 1888 Northwest Territories general election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | 161 | 55.72% |
|  | George Annable | 129 | 44.28% |
| **Total votes** | | **290** | **100%** |

### 1891

| 1891 Northwest Territories general election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | 232 | 55.11% |
|  | John Gilbert Gordon | 189 | 44.89% |
| **Total votes** | | **421** | **100%** |

### 1894

| 1894 Northwest Territories general election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | 413 | 55.59% |
|  | George Annable | 330 | 44.41% |
| **Total votes** | | **743** | **100%** |

### 1897

| October 26, 1897 by-election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | Acclaimed | |

The by-election was held to confirm Mr. Ross to his appointment as the Territorial Secretary, the Territorial Treasurer and Minister of Public Works and Minister of Agriculture in the Northwest Territories cabinet.

### 1898

| 1898 Northwest Territories general election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | James Hamilton Ross | Acclaimed | |

### 1901

| March 22, 1901 by-election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | George Annable | 498 | 50.15% |
|  | Arthur Hitchcock | 495 | 49.85% |
| **Total votes** | | **993** | **100%** |

### 1902

| 1902 Northwest Territories general election | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Name | Vote | % |
|  | George Annable | 579 | 55.14% |
|  | William Riddell | 471 | 44.86% |
| **Total votes** | | **1,050** | **100%** |


title: Harvard Avenue Fire Station

abstract: The Harvard Avenue Fire Station is a historic former fire station on 16 Harvard Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. The station was designed in 1891 by Harrison H. Atwood, the Boston city architect who also designed the Congress Street Fire Station, It is a hip-roofed two story brick structure with Renaissance and Classical Revival elements. It was the second firehouse built on the site, and housed Engine #41 and Hook and Ladder #14. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# Harvard Avenue Fire Station

The **Harvard Avenue Fire Station** is a historic former fire station on 16 Harvard Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. The station was designed in 1891 by Harrison H. Atwood, the Boston city architect who also designed the Congress Street Fire Station, It is a hip-roofed two story brick structure with Renaissance and Classical Revival elements. It was the second firehouse built on the site, and housed Engine #41 and Hook and Ladder #14.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Harvard Avenue Fire Station | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| The two walled-up engine doors are hidden behind the ivy. | |
|  | |
| Location | 16 Harvard Ave., Boston, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°21′18.6″N 71°7′57.1″W / 42.355167°N 71.132528°W / 42.355167; -71.132528 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1891 |
| Architect | Harrison H. Atwood |
| Part of | Harvard Avenue Historic District (ID00000415) |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000605 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | March 31, 1983 |
| Designated CP | April 28, 2000 |


title: My World (Ray Charles album)

abstract: My World is an album by the American musician Ray Charles, released in 1993. Charles incorporated elements of gospel, funk, and New jack swing. The album peaked at No. 145 on the Billboard 200. "A Song for You" won a Grammy Award, in the "Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male" category.

text:
# My World (Ray Charles album)

***My World*** is an album by the American musician Ray Charles, released in 1993. Charles incorporated elements of gospel, funk, and New jack swing.

The album peaked at No. 145 on the *Billboard* 200. "A Song for You" won a Grammy Award, in the "Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male" category.

## Production

The album was produced by Richard Perry. Charles covered Leon Russell's "A Song for You" and Paul Simon's "Still Crazy After All These Years". Mavis Staples duetted with Charles on "Love Has a Mind of Its Own". Billy Preston, Eric Clapton, Abe Laboriel, Brenda Russell, Jeff Porcaro, Paulinho Da Costa, Randy Waldman, Steve Gadd and Vinnie Colaiuta also contributed to *My World*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Chicago Tribune* |  |
| Robert Christgau |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B− |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |

*Rolling Stone* wrote: "Over the years, a benign, grandfatherly quality has crept into Charles's singing. In bringing this amused overview to 'Still Crazy', Charles turns the Simon gem into a jubilant, frisky declaration of independence by a proud eccentric." *Ebony* stated that Charles "continues to infuse his music with social messages, smooth productions and rhythmic funk."

The *Chicago Tribune* noted that "producer Richard Perry inexplicably insists on separating the Genius from his keyboards; that's a cardinal sin." *Newsday* called the album "surprisingly potent, awash in rhythms and production techniques not even imagined when Ray first entered a studio." *The Baltimore Sun* concluded that "what Brother Ray needs first and foremost are songs, and when you hear how much he makes of a classic, Paul Simon's 'Still Crazy After All These Years', it suddenly becomes obvious how cut-rate the rest of the writing here is."

AllMusic wrote that the album "marked an attempt to somewhat 'modernize' Ray Charles by incorporating elements of hip-hop and New Jack swing into his trademark sound."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "My World" | 4:01 |
| 2. | "A Song for You" | 4:12 |
| 3. | "None of Us Are Free" | 4:59 |
| 4. | "So Help Me God" | 3:59 |
| 5. | "Let Me Take Over" | 5:25 |
| 6. | "One Drop of Love" | 4:22 |
| 7. | "If I Could" | 4:52 |
| 8. | "Love Has a Mind of Its Own" | 4:06 |
| 9. | "I'll Be There" | 3:48 |
| 10. | "Still Crazy After All These Years" | 4:58 |

## InfoBox

| My World | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ray Charles | |
| Released | 1993 |
| Length | 44:42 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Producer | Richard Perry |
| Ray Charles chronology | |
| *The Birth of Soul*
(1991) ***My World***
(1993) *Strong Love Affair*
(1996) | |


title: The Stick Up

abstract: The Stick Up is a 1977 British romantic comedy crime film written and directed by Jeffrey Bloom and starring David Soul. It was executive produced by Elliott Kastner. It was one of the first films from financier Arnon Milchan although he felt the film was so bad he had his name removed from the credits. The film was known during production as Mud.

text:
# The Stick Up

***The Stick Up*** is a 1977 British romantic comedy crime film written and directed by Jeffrey Bloom and starring David Soul. It was executive produced by Elliott Kastner.

It was one of the first films from financier Arnon Milchan although he felt the film was so bad he had his name removed from the credits.

The film was known during production as ***Mud***.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Stick Up | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Jeffrey Bloom |
| Screenplay by | Jeffrey Bloom |
| Produced by | George Pappas |
| Starring | David Soul
Pamela McMyler
Johnnie Wade
Michael Balfour |
| Cinematography | Michael Reed |
| Edited by | Peter Weatherley |
| Music by | Michael J. Lewis |
| Production
company | Backstage Productions |
| Release date | * 1977 (1977) |
| Running time | 101 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Jagannath Shah Deo

abstract: Jagannath Shah Deo was a Nagvanshi king in the 19th century. He succeeded Govind Nath Shah and ruled from 1822 to 1869 CE. During his reign, Kol uprising and Sepoy mutiny of 1857 happened. He was ally of British East India company. During his reign, Beniram Mehta had written the book Nagvanshavali, the genology of Nagvanshi kings in Nagpuri language which was published in 1876.

text:
# Jagannath Shah Deo

**Jagannath Shah Deo** was a Nagvanshi king in the 19th century. He succeeded Govind Nath Shah and ruled from 1822 to 1869 CE. During his reign, Kol uprising and Sepoy mutiny of 1857 happened. He was ally of British East India company. During his reign, Beniram Mehta had written the book *Nagvanshavali*, the genology of Nagvanshi kings in Nagpuri language which was published in 1876.

## Reign

In July 1822, Govind Nath Shah died. He had three sons Jagannath Shah Deo, Shrinath Shah Deo and Mohan Nath Shah Deo. Jagannath Shah Deo succeeded the throne in 1822. Jagannath Shah Deo could not manage the economy. He incurred debts with Sikh horse traders and Muslim cloth merchant, so he leased villages to them to collect taxes. These people were known as thekedars. They extorted villagers by violence and fraud. They wanted to squeeze taxes as much as possible from the villagers in the form of rents, abwabs and salamis etc. Thus the tribal face exploitation. Harinath Shahi, the younger brother of Jagannath Shah Deo, assigned some villages to some Sikh and Muslim thikedars in Sonepur. They deprived the Munda Mankis of their villages and seduced the sisters of the Mankis. The incidents resulted in the plundering of the houses and killings of Sikh and Muslims Thikedars by Manki Munda and their followers. The rebels forcefully took away 2000 cattles of Kuhang and Kumang village. They also attacked the other villages of Sonepur Pargana, plundered and burnt them down. Some joined the rebellion with the fear of a social boycott and others got the opportunity to plunder and loot. The majority of people joined as their leaders appealed to them. The Rebellion is known as Kol uprising.

The rebels attacked the Bundu. They plundered and destroyed the houses of non-tribals. The rebels indulged in loot, plunder and killings of non-tribals in Panch Pargana region of Bundu, Tamar. Thomas Wilkinson suppressed the rebellion. The rebel leaders and their followers were killed while some were arrested. Then police station were established in Bundu, Tamar, Silli, Palkot, Barwe. In 1842, the administrative headquarters transferred from Lohardaga to Ranchi. The kings of Bundu, Tamar, Rahe, Sili, Barway were vassals of the Nagvanshi kings. The British government increased the rent on the region. The tribal people were forced to work on the land of the Jamindars. The Christian missionaries arrived in the region in 1845 and converted many tribes to Christianity.

In 1957, the Rebellion occurred under the leadership of Vishwanath Shahdeo, Pandey Ganpat Rai. The Nagvanshi king stood with the British. Later, property of rebellion were confiscated by the British in December 1857. Vishwanath Shahdeo was caught with the assistance of Mahesh Narayan Shahi in Lohardaga and hanged with other rebels on 16 April 1858. British thanked King Jagannath Shah Deo for co-operting British. After the Rebellion, the properties of rebels were confiscated. British gave pension to King of Pithuriya Jagatpal Singh for suppression of Rebellion. Britain directly took control of India after 1857 Rebellion.

## Personal life

King Jagannath Shah Deo had no sons. Lal Upendra Nath Shah Deo, the eldest son of Srinath Shah Deo, the brother of Jagannath Shah Deo, was looking after the affairs of Nagvanshi and expected to succeed him and tried to stop granting of villages to Brahmins and other needy people. In disgust, Jagannath Shah Deo left for Palkot in 1865. Then he returned to Nagfeni, then to Bharno, where he constructed a fort. Two sons were born from his two wives. The older boy was Pratap Udai Nath Shah Deo, whose mother was queen Luchun Kunwar. He could not succeed in appointing his son as the next king as he died on 9 July 1869. Then there was litigation by Lal Upendra Nath Shah Deo for the rightful owner of the throne. He claimed that Pratap Udai Nath Shah Deo was the adopted son of queen Luchun Kunwar. The judge, Colonel E.A. Rowlate, decided the case in favour of Lal Upendra Nath Shah Deo. The court of wards representing minors, Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo, appealed to the privy council in London which decided the case in favour of minors. The Pratap Udai Nath Shah Deo was declared the king of Chotanagpur. The queen Luchun Kunwar shifted to Ratu and a palace was created in 1975.

## InfoBox

| Jagannath Shah Deo | |
| --- | --- |
| *Maharaja* | |
| Reign | c. 1822 – 1869 CE |
| Predecessor | Govind Nath Shah |
| Successor | Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo |
| Born | Palkot |
| Died | 9 July 1869<br>Bharno |
| Spouse | Luchun Kunwar |
| Dynasty | Nagvanshi |
| Religion | Hinduism |


title: Garcinia opaca

abstract: Garcinia opaca is a species of flowering plant in the family Clusiaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

text:
# Garcinia opaca

***Garcinia opaca*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Clusiaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

## InfoBox

| *Garcinia opaca* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae |
| Genus: | *Garcinia* |
| Species: | ***G. opaca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Garcinia opaca***
King | |
|


title: Hilton Amsterdam

abstract: The Hilton Amsterdam is a historic hotel in Apollobuurt, in the Oud-Zuid district of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. It is located at Apollolaan 138 along the Noorder Amstelkanaal, a canal connected to the Amstel river. The hotel opened in 1962 as the Amsterdam Hilton, part of the Hilton Hotels chain. It is known for John Lennon and Yoko Ono's "Bed-In" for peace which was staged in 1969 to protest the Vietnam War.

text:
# Hilton Amsterdam

The **Hilton Amsterdam** is a historic hotel in Apollobuurt, in the Oud-Zuid district of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. It is located at Apollolaan 138 along the *Noorder Amstelkanaal*, a canal connected to the Amstel river. The hotel opened in 1962 as the Amsterdam Hilton, part of the Hilton Hotels chain. It is known for John Lennon and Yoko Ono's "Bed-In" for peace which was staged in 1969 to protest the Vietnam War.

## Facilities

The Hilton Amsterdam contains 271 rooms. The interior of the newly refurbished rooms is designed by Nobilis Paris. The hotels facilities include a hairdresser, a bar area and several terraces. The rooms are divided between standard Dutch-style suites and the deluxe and executive rooms. Notable suites include the John and Yoko suite, the King Hilton Junior suite, the King Neptune suite, the Presidential suite, the Queen Hilton Junior suite, the twin Hilton Junior suite, and the Royal suite. The John and Yoko suite is a luxury 50 square metres (540 sq ft) suite featuring a king-sized bed with Egyptian linen, and is decorated with memorabilia related to the couple.

## History

The Amsterdam Hilton opened on May 9, 1962 as the first hotel in the Netherlands from an international hotel chain. It was designed by Hugh Aart Maaskant in a V-shape, to emphasize the two major urban axes that intersect the Apollolaan and Minerva Avenue. It was completely renovated between 1996 and 1998 with a lobby design by Peter Ellis.

A number of notable deaths have occurred in the hotel area, such as the murder of the drug lord Klaas Bruinsma in 1991, in the Breitnerstraat, next to the hotel. In 2001 musician and artist Herman Brood committed suicide by jumping off the roof of the hotel at the age of 54. Extensively covered by the national media in the Netherlands, Brood's casket was driven from the Hilton hotel to Paradiso, Amsterdam, and the streets were lined with thousands of spectators. Gary Rhodes, a UK celebrity chef and TV presenter, started his professional career at the Amsterdam Hilton.

### Bed-In for Peace

Knowing their March 20, 1969 marriage in Gibraltar would be a major press event, John and Yoko used the publicity to promote world peace. They spent their honeymoon in the presidential suite (then room #902, renumbered #702 during renovations) of the Amsterdam Hilton in a "Bed-In" between March 25 and 31, 1969, inviting the world's press into their hotel room daily between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. Amsterdam art dealer Nico Koster was invited by Lennon himself for a solo shoot. Koster unearthed the lost negatives of these historic pictures in March 2009. The couple were sitting in bed in Room 702 of the hotel in Lennon's words "like Angels", discussing peace with signs over their bed reading "Hair Peace" and "Bed Peace". After seven days, they flew to Vienna, Austria, where they held a Bagism press conference. The hotel and the event is mentioned in the 1969 song "The Ballad of John and Yoko" where he mentions the Amsterdam Hilton by name and uses the following words: "Drove from Paris to the Amsterdam Hilton, Talking in our beds for a week, The news people said: Hey, what you doin' in bed? I said: We're only tryin' to get us some peace!".

52°21′5″N 4°52′20″E / 52.35139°N 4.87222°E / 52.35139; 4.87222

## InfoBox

| Hilton Amsterdam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in Amsterdam | |
| General information | |
| Location | Apollolaan 138, Apollobuurt, Oud-Zuid district, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 52°21′5″N 4°52′20″E / 52.35139°N 4.87222°E / 52.35139; 4.87222 |
| Opening | 1962 |
| Management | Hilton Hotels |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 271 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: Morion monilicornis

abstract: Morion monilicornis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Morion monilicornis

***Morion monilicornis*** is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Morion monilicornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Harpalinae |
| Genus: | *Morion* |
| Species: | ***M. monilicornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Morion monilicornis***<br>(Latreille, 1805) | |
|


title: Harvard Avenue station

abstract: Harvard Avenue station is a light rail station on the MBTA Green Line B branch, located in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The station is located on the west side of Commonwealth Avenue at Harvard Avenue, in a residential and commercial district. The station consists of two side platforms, located on opposite sides of Harvard Avenue, which serve the B branch's two tracks. The station is fully accessible. Harvard Avenue is the second-busiest surface stop on the Green Line surface branches, with an average of 4,077 boardings on weekdays.

text:
# Harvard Avenue station

**Harvard Avenue station** is a light rail station on the MBTA Green Line B branch, located in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The station is located on the west side of Commonwealth Avenue at Harvard Avenue, in a residential and commercial district. The station consists of two side platforms, located on opposite sides of Harvard Avenue, which serve the B branch's two tracks. The station is fully accessible. Harvard Avenue is the second-busiest surface stop on the Green Line surface branches (behind only Coolidge Corner), with an average of 4,077 boardings on weekdays.

## History

Due to its high ridership, Harvard Avenue was one of the first Green Line surface stops to be made accessible. In the early 2000s, the MBTA modified key surface stops with raised platforms for accessibility. Portable lifts were installed at Harvard Avenue around 2000 as a temporary measure. The platform modifications - part of a $32 million modification of thirteen B, C, and E branch stations - began in November 2001, with completion of the project in October 2002. Delays in construction caused cascading delays to similar renovations at Boston University East and Boston University Central. During the construction work, temporary platforms were constructed on the opposite side of Harvard Avenue from their usual configuration.

Media related to Harvard Avenue station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Harvard Avenue | |
| --- | --- |
| An inbound train at Harvard Avenue station in December 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Commonwealth Avenue at Harvard Avenue<br>Allston, Boston, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°21′00″N 71°07′52″W / 42.35012°N 71.13120°W / 42.35012; -71.13120 |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | MBTA bus: 66 |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Rebuilt | November 2001–October 2002 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2011 | 3,602 (average weekday boardings) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  MBTA Following station  Griggs Streettoward Boston College  Green LineB branch  Packards Cornertoward Government Center | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station  MBTA Following station  Griggs Streettoward Boston College  Green LineB branch  Fordham Road(station closed 2004)toward Government Center | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Groningen Noord railway station

abstract: Groningen Noord is a railway station located Groningen, Netherlands. The station was opened on 15 June 1884 and is located on the Groningen–Delfzijl railway. The train services are operated by Arriva.

text:
# Groningen Noord railway station

**Groningen Noord** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ˌɣroːnɪŋə ˈnoːrt\]; abbreviation: Gnn) is a railway station located Groningen, Netherlands. The station was opened on 15 June 1884 and is located on the Groningen–Delfzijl railway. The train services are operated by Arriva.

## Train service

The following services currently call at Groningen Noord:

* 2x per hour local service (*stoptrein*) Groningen - Eemshaven
* 2x per hour local service (*stoptrein*) Groningen - Delfzijl

## InfoBox

| Groningen Noord | |
| --- | --- |
| Groningen Noord railway station in 2005 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Groningen, Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 53°13′48″N 6°33′23″E / 53.23000°N 6.55639°E / 53.23000; 6.55639 |
| Line(s) | Groningen–Delfzijl railway |
| Other information | |
| Station code | Gnn |
| History | |
| Opened | 15 June 1884 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Arriva Following station  GroningenTerminus  Stoptrein 37600  Sauwerdtowards Eemshaven  Stoptrein 37700  Sauwerdtowards Delfzijl | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Groningen NoordLocation within Netherlands | |


title: The Sun Never Sets (film)

abstract: The Sun Never Sets is a 1939 American drama film directed by Rowland V. Lee and starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Basil Rathbone and Barbara O'Neil.

text:
# The Sun Never Sets (film)

***The Sun Never Sets*** is a 1939 American drama film directed by Rowland V. Lee and starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Basil Rathbone and Barbara O'Neil.

## Plot

The Randolph family have a tradition of working in the British colonial service. Clive comes home from a mission in the Gold Coast of Africa accompanied by his wife Helen. He discovers his younger brother John, who is in love with Phyllis is not keen on following in his footsteps.

John is persuaded to try colonial service by his grandfather Sir John. John goes to the Gold Coast. He is accompanied by Clive who has been sent to investigate the source of a series of radio broadcasts that are sewing unrest throughout the world. These may be linked to Hugo Zurof, a man plotting to rule the world.

Clive leaves his pregnant wife Helen behind to go on a mission. Zurof tricks John into calling his brother back, causing Clive to be sent home in disgrace, despite the fact that Clive and Helen's child dies in childbirth.

John goes to Zurof's base and infiltrates it by pretending to be drunk. He manages to broadcast a code to his family. Clive leads a bombing mission to destroy the base. John survives it. Zurof and his men are killed.

## Cast

## Production

The film had been in development and Universal "on and off" for three years. Eventually Rowland V. Lee was assigned to direct and Basil Rathbone to star. (The two men had just made *Son of Frankenstein* together.) In February Douglas Fairbanks Jr. signed to co star.

The script was written by W.P. Lipscomb who said the film wanted to pay tribute to the British colonial service.

> We attacked it by telling the story of one family, typical of hundreds of families who devote their lives to "the service." We show human beings and human emotions involved in affairs greater than themselves., and watch how they react. ' They are not conscious heroes; they make bad mistakes and cause intense suffering- If they worry through, it is by keeping their sense of humour in desperate circumstances and trusting that doing one's best, although one can't see the end in sight, may sometimes bring unexpected results. That is a trait common to all people in "the service" and is particularly true of Englishmen whose ability to take on a big job, face difficulties and meet them with good humour when 'things go badly, is accepted as one of the finest traditions of their national character.

Filming began 13 March 1939. Lipscomb was a friend of Virginia Field and wrote her into the movie.

Douglas Fairbanks Jr. says C Aubrey Smith walked up to him on the first day of filming and said, "Rotten title. It already has set."

## Reception

Fairbanks Jr. said the film "did nothing at the bo \[box office\] because Americans were realizing we'd soon be at war."

1. "Fancy Coin". *Variety*. 18 January 1939. p. 3.
2. Dick p.97
3. Sun Never Sets, The Monthly Film Bulletin; London Vol. 6, Iss. 61, (Jan 1, 1939): 141.
4. SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: 'Disputed Passage,' Based on Medical Novel, to Be Made by Paramount in April PRISON PLAY FOR METRO '6,000 Enemies' Is by Surgeon at San Quentin--Soviet Film Opens Today New York Times 14 Jan 1939: 12.
5. NEWS OF THE SCREEN: Warners Seeking Film Rights to 'Gettysburg' and 'Cyrano'--Fairbanks Jr. in 'Sun Never Sets' Davis Slated for "Desert Song" Cianelli in "Penthouse" Of Local Origin New York Times 21 Feb 1939: 21.
6. "SCREEN STORY OF BRITISH COLONIAL SERVICE". *The Telegraph*. Queensland, Australia. 8 August 1939. p. 16 (SECOND EDITION). Retrieved 18 December 2018  via National Library of Australia.
7. Two Studios Planning 'Atlantic Cable' Films: Herbert, Hodges Cast Ann Sheridan Wins Lead Rathbone Role Notable 'Penthouse' Progresses Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 10 Feb 1939: 14.
8. "THE FEMININE ANGLE". *The Canberra Times*. Vol. 13, no. 3676. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 18 July 1939. p. 2. Retrieved 18 December 2018  via National Library of Australia.
9. Bawden, James; Miller, Ron (4 March 2016). *Conversations with Classic Film Stars: Interviews from Hollywood's Golden Era*. University Press of Kentucky. p. 101. ISBN 9780813167121.

## Bibliography

* Dick, Bernard F. *The Star-Spangled Screen: The American World War II Film*. University Press of Kentucky, 2015.

## InfoBox

| The Sun Never Sets | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Rowland V. Lee |
| Written by | W. P. Lipscomb |
| Based on | a story
by |
| Produced by | Rowland V. Lee |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | George Robinson |
| Edited by | Ted J. Kent |
| Music by | Frank Skinner |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * May 31, 1939 (1939-05-31) |
| Running time | 97 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $800,000 |


title: Parts of Lindsey

abstract: The Parts of Lindsey are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England, covering the northern part of the county. The Isle of Axholme, which is on the west side of the River Trent, has normally formed part of it. The district's name originated from the Kingdom of Lindsey of Anglo-Saxon times, whose territories were merged with that of Stamford to form Lincolnshire. As with the other historic divisions of Lincolnshire, Lindsey is no longer a local government unit, although its name survives in that of two districts of the county council area Lincolnshire, and it is still recognised as a geographical area.

text:
# Parts of Lindsey

The **Parts of Lindsey** are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England, covering the northern part of the county. The Isle of Axholme, which is on the west side of the River Trent, has normally formed part of it. The district's name originated from the Kingdom of Lindsey of Anglo-Saxon times, whose territories were merged with that of Stamford to form Lincolnshire.

As with the other historic divisions of Lincolnshire, Lindsey is no longer a local government unit, although its name survives in that of two districts of the county council area Lincolnshire (East and West Lindsey), and it is still recognised as a geographical area.

## Local government

When the English shires were established, Lindsey became part of Lincolnshire. It, and each of Kesteven and Holland, acquired the formal designation of Parts of Lincolnshire. Thus it became the Parts of Lindsey.

Lindsey was itself divided into three ridings: the North, West and South Ridings, which in turn were divided into wapentakes. The West Riding covered the western part, including Gainsborough, Scunthorpe and Spital. The North Riding covered the north-east, including Barton upon Humber, Caistor, Cleethorpes, Brigg, Grimsby and Market Rasen. The South Riding covered the rest, in the south-east, including Louth, Mablethorpe and Skegness. The point at which the Ridings all touched was somewhere near Lissington.

Lindsey, like the other parts of Lincolnshire, had long had a separate county administration (Quarter Sessions). In 1889, this division was followed in the establishment of the administrative county of **Lincolnshire, Parts of Lindsey**, which had an elected county council. Lincoln and Grimsby were independent county boroughs.

Within the rest of Lindsey there were various urban districts and rural districts, established by the Local Government Act 1894. The rural districts were Caistor, Gainsborough, Glanford Brigg, Grimsby, Horncastle, Isle of Axholme, Louth, Spilsby, Welton. A rural district of Sibsey also existed until 1936, when it was merged into Spilsby.

The administrative county of Parts of Lindsey was abolished on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. Its area was divided between two new non-metropolitan counties: the northern area of Lindsey was placed in Humberside while the remainder passed to Lincolnshire. In 1996 the unpopular decision was all but reversed, in that Lincolnshire status was reinstated for the areas that had become South Humberside, however the Lindsey name was not.

Lindsey was divided between six non-metropolitan districts, as follows

| District | Area |
| --- | --- |
| East Lindsey (Lincolnshire) | Rural districts of Horncastle, Louth and Spilsby;
Urban districts of Louth, Alford, Horncastle, Mablethorpe and Sutton, Skegness and Woodhall Spa. |
| West Lindsey (Lincolnshire) | Rural districts of Caistor, Gainsborough, Welton;
Urban districts of Gainsborough and Market Rasen |
| Cleethorpes (Humberside) | Rural district of Grimsby; Municipal Borough of Cleethorpes |
| Glanford (Humberside) | Rural district of Glanford Brigg; Urban districts of Barton and Brigg |
| Scunthorpe (Humberside) | Municipal Borough of Scunthorpe |
| Boothferry (Humberside) | Isle of Axholme Rural District; along with areas from the East and West Ridings of Yorkshire |

### Present authorities

In 1996 the Humberside districts were re-grouped into unitary authorities; units which performed the duties of both county and administrative district. One is North Lincolnshire (centred on Scunthorpe). This comprises the former districts of Glanford and Scunthorpe, as well as the Isle of Axholme which formed the southern part of Boothferry district. The second is North East Lincolnshire, comprising the former districts of Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes. The two unitary authorities represent the most urbanised part of traditional Lincolnshire.

The remaining parts of Lindsey largely correspond to the 1974 Lincolnshire County Council districts of West Lindsey and East Lindsey.

## Further reading

* Russell, Reginald Charles (1965). *A History of Schools and Education in Lindsey, Lincolnshire: 1800–1902*. Lindsey County Council Education Committee.
* Russell, Rex C. (1994). *A History of School Teachers in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, c. 1800–1902*. Barton-upon-Humber: Workers Education Association, Barton-upon-Humber Branch.
* Wickstead, Arthur (1978). *Lincolnshire, Lindsey: The Story of a County Council, 1889–1974*. Lincolnshire and Humberside Arts.
* Vince, Alan, ed. (1993). *Pre-Viking Lindsey*. Lincoln: City of Lincoln Archaeology Unit. ISBN 0-9514987-7-0.

53°26′00″N 0°15′00″W / 53.4333°N 0.2500°W / 53.4333; -0.2500

## InfoBox

| Lincolnshire, Parts of Lindsey | |
| --- | --- |
|
 | |
| History |  |
| Origin | Kingdom of Lindsey |
| Created |  |
| Abolished | 1974 (administrative county) |
| Succeeded by | Lincolnshire, Humberside |
|  | |
| Status |  |
| Government | Lindsey County Council |
| HQ | Newland, Lincoln |
|
Arms of the former Lindsey County Council
 | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tony Pecinovsky

abstract: Tony Pecinovsky is an American journalist, activist, and politician from St. Louis, Missouri and President of the Saint Louis Workers' Education Society, which was opened in 2014, and Vice President of International Publishers. Pecinovsky is also the author of Let Them Tremble: Biographical Interventions Marking 100 Years of the Communist Party, USA. He regularly speaks at colleges and universities across the U.S.

text:
# Tony Pecinovsky

**Tony Pecinovsky** (born October 11, 1977) is an American journalist, activist, and politician from St. Louis, Missouri and President of the Saint Louis Workers' Education Society, which was opened in 2014, and Vice President of International Publishers. Pecinovsky is also the author of *Let Them Tremble: Biographical Interventions Marking 100 Years of the Communist Party, USA.* He regularly speaks at colleges and universities across the U.S.

## Biography

Pecinovsky is a member of the Communist Party USA, and serves as the district organizer for the party in Kansas, Missouri and Tennessee.

Pecinovsky is a contributor for *People's World*, the *St. Louis/Southern Illinois Tribune*, *Labor Tribune*, *Shelterforce, Z-Magazine, AlterNet*, *Jacobin*, *and Political Affairs (magazine).*

From 2010 to 2015 Pecinovsky served as a member of several local St. Louis political and labor organizations including the United Media Guild, Greater St. Louis CWA City Council, St. Louis Jobs with Justice and served as a delegate to the Greater St. Louis Central Labor Council.

## Political career

Pecinovsky is a delegate to the Greater St. Louis Central Labor Council, a member of the Missouri Progressive Coalition board and on the committee of the Missouri Immigrant and Refugee Advocates coalition. Pecinovsky was one of eighteen candidates who publicly opposed the attempted privatization of the St. Louis Lambert International Airport.

Pecinovsky is a supporter of former Missouri state representative Bruce Franks Jr.

Pecinovsky ran for St. Louis Board of Aldermen Ward 14 as a Democrat against incumbent Democrat Carol Howard. Pecinovsky lost the March 5th 2019 election 622 votes (47.99%) to Howard's 674 votes (52.01%).

## InfoBox

| Tony Pecinovsky | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1977-10-11) October 11, 1977 |
| Political party | Communist Party USA |
| Occupation | Activist, politician, journalist, president of St. Louis Workers' Education Society, vice president of International Publishers |
|  | |


title: Newbawn

abstract: Newbawn is a small village located in the southwest of County Wexford, Ireland. It is 11 km (7 mi) south-east of New Ross, and 20 km (12 mi) west of Wexford town, and is on the R735 regional road about 3 km (2 mi) south of the N25 national primary road. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

text:
# Newbawn

**Newbawn** (Irish: *An Bábhun Nua*, meaning 'the new enclosure') is a small village located in the southwest of County Wexford, Ireland. It is 11 km (7 mi) south-east of New Ross, and 20 km (12 mi) west of Wexford town, and is on the R735 regional road about 3 km (2 mi) south of the N25 national primary road. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

## Etymology

Newbawn in the Irish language is *Bábhun Nua*. *Nua* means 'new'. A *bábhun* is literally a walled enclosure. Often this is applied to the wall that encloses the yard surrounding a castle, though this may or may not be the meaning here. It can also mean an enclosure for cows.

## History

There is a poorly preserved *Portal tomb* (sometimes called a Dolmen) located at Collopswell, near Newbawn, which dates from the Neolithic period.

The area was controlled by the Devereux family of Adamstown and Ballymagir for hundreds of years soon after the arrival of the Normans (1169). They acquired the area from the *de Headon* family in the late 13th century. Newbawn was part of the 'Manor of Colpe', which in 1669 was granted to Robert Leigh of Rosegarland.

After this time, and particularly throughout the 18th century, a family named Sweetman were very prominent in the Newbawn area.

## Amenities

Today, the village contains a shop and post office, a pub (Foleys Bar), a primary (national) school, a Roman Catholic church and an adjoining cemetery. The church was built in 1889. The local Gaelic Athletic Association club is Adamstown GAA Club. It also has a community centre.

## References & footnotes

## Sources

* Brooks, Eric St. John, *Knights’ Fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny (13th-15th century).* Dublin: Stationery Office, 1950.

## InfoBox

| Newbawn Irish: *An Bábhun Nua* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| NewbawnLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°20′N 6°47′W / 52.34°N 6.78°W / 52.34; -6.78 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | Wexford |
| Population (2016) | 177 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Area code | 051 |


title: Hertford Castle Weir

abstract: Hertford Castle Weir is a weir located in Hertford near to Hertford Castle and next to Hertford Theatre. Its function is to connect the upper River Lea to the canalised section that runs through Hertfordshire, Essex and London, to the River Thames. The section of the river above Castle Weir is not deep enough to support barges or narrow boats, but is navigable by row boats, canoes and kayaks. The weir marks the start of the River Lee Navigation. It is overlooked by a function room at the Hertford Theatre.

text:
# Hertford Castle Weir

51°47′47″N 0°04′49″W / 51.796393°N 0.080298°W / 51.796393; -0.080298

**Hertford Castle Weir** is a weir located in Hertford near to Hertford Castle and next to Hertford Theatre.

Its function is to connect the upper River Lea to the canalised section that runs through Hertfordshire, Essex and London, to the River Thames. The section of the river above Castle Weir is not deep enough to support barges or narrow boats, but is navigable by row boats, canoes and kayaks.

The weir marks the start of the River Lee Navigation. It is overlooked by a function room at the Hertford Theatre (previously called Castle Hall).

## Access

Just off Mill Bridge (B158 road) in the centre of Hertford town, beside the Castle Hall.

A small bridge runs from Mill Bridge over the secondary drop to a car park. A step upstream from this bridge allows access to the top of the weir.

## Angling

Angling in the weir pool is possible, but tricky due to pontoon access at the weir pool. Anglers often stand on the stepped weir drops, but this is discouraged due to the damage that is sustained to the weir itself.

## Weir setup

Castle Weir has 3 sections:

* A vertical 70 cm drop onto a second 30 cm concrete block, situated in a stilling pool. The stilling pool overflows into a tunnel which leads under the road. The 70 cm drop has two electric gates which move vertically in high flows.
* 5 padlocked sluice gates. Rarely used, as these are manually controlled by British Waterways.
* Stepped drop for high flows.

## Whitewater use

Kayakers and canoeists regularly use the weir for practicing whitewater skills and playboating.

* **Main drop** \- Can be run straight or sideways.
* **Main drop sluice** \- Creates a jet which can tail squirts can be performed on. At high flows it makes the weir harder to paddle in, and can cause pinning in the stopper, river right.
* **Stilling pool drop** \- Side-surfing is possible at most flows. Cartwheeling is possible when the pool level raises. Normally about 70 cm deep.
* **Side sluice** \- A wave and stopper forms here, depending on weir pool levels and amount of water coming through the sluice. This water has been constricted by kayakers using concrete blocks to form different features. It can vary from 30–50 cm high wave which can be carved in front-surf, to a shallow retentive pour-over, which is side-surf able.
* **Stepped drop** \- Can be run when river is in spate, very likely to do damage to the weir or your boat when the water flowing over it is less than 3 cm in depth. A small wave and stopper forms at the bottom which can be played on, however, it is very shallow.


title: Prelog, Domžale

abstract: Prelog is a settlement on the left bank of the Kamnik Bistrica River southeast of Domžale and north of Ihan in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

text:
# Prelog, Domžale

**Prelog** (pronounced \[ˈpɾɛːlɔk\]) is a settlement on the left bank of the Kamnik Bistrica River southeast of Domžale and north of Ihan in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## InfoBox

| Prelog | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| PrelogLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°7′46.65″N 14°36′39.1″E / 46.1296250°N 14.610861°E / 46.1296250; 14.610861 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Upper Carniola |
| Statistical region | Central Slovenia |
| Municipality | Domžale |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.91 km2 (0.35 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 296.1 m (971.5 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 718 |
| Density | 790/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
|  | |