title: Keith Schengili-Roberts

abstract: Keith Schengili-Roberts is a long-time author on Internet technologies, beginning with his work for the magazines Toronto Computes! in the early 1990s and then The Computer Paper from the mid-1990s up until 2003. He also currently lectures on Information Architecture at the University of Toronto's iSchool. Previous to IXIASOFT, Keith was a DITA consultant for Mekon, working with teams at ARM, Schlumberger, eBay Deutschland and Infineon.

text:
# Keith Schengili-Roberts

**Keith Schengili-Roberts** is a long-time author on Internet technologies, beginning with his work for the magazines Toronto Computes! in the early 1990s and then The Computer Paper from the mid-1990s up until 2003. He also currently lectures on Information Architecture at the University of Toronto's iSchool. Previous to IXIASOFT, Keith was a DITA consultant for Mekon, working with teams at ARM, Schlumberger, eBay Deutschland and Infineon.

## Author

In 1994 he worked on Delrina's Cyberjack Web browser and on its accompanying Web site, one of the first commercial Web sites. His long-running series on HTML, *Weaving Your Own Web Site* was drawn from his professional experience, and ran monthly for almost just over 90 issues in *The Computer Paper Publication*. Many of the early issues in this series were pulled together to form the core of his first book *The Advanced HTML Companion* in 1997.

Since then several other books have followed. His interest in CSS began while writing his second book on HTML in 1998, when he realized that there were no good references on the subject. So he decided to write one.

## Musician

Between 1988 and 1991 Schengili-Roberts was in a Kingston, Ontario indie band called "Miscellaneous 'S'". Occasional one-off reunions have taken place since then.

## Bibliography

* *Current Practices and Trends in Technical and Professional Communication* ISBN 0950645990 (published 2017) Contributed a chapter to this book
* *Core CSS, 2nd Edition* ISBN 0-13-009278-9 (published 2004)
* *Core CSS* ISBN 0-13-083456-4 (published 2000)
* *The Advanced HTML Companion, 2nd Edition* (co-written with Kim Silk) ISBN 0-12-623542-2 (published 1998)
* *The Advanced HTML Companion* (Japanese Translation) ISBN 4-8337-4534-8 (published 1997)
* *The Advanced HTML Companion* ISBN 0-12-623540-6 (published 1997)


title: Keith Schaefer

abstract: Keith Schaefer was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Schaefer played 102 games for South Melbourne, between 1947 and 1953. A centreman, Schaefer was a Victorian interstate representative in 1948, at the age of just 19. He won South Melbourne's best and fairest award in 1952. At the end of the 1953 VFL season, Scheafer left South Melbourne to be playing coach of Deniliquin. In 1955, Schaefer was captain-coach of Traralgon. He died in 1976 after losing his battle with bowel cancer.

text:
# Keith Schaefer

**Keith Schaefer** (20 December 1928 – 21 August 1976) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Schaefer played 102 games for South Melbourne, between 1947 and 1953. A centreman, Schaefer was a Victorian interstate representative in 1948, at the age of just 19. He won South Melbourne's best and fairest award in 1952.

At the end of the 1953 VFL season, Scheafer left South Melbourne to be playing coach of Deniliquin.

In 1955, Schaefer was captain-coach of Traralgon.

He died in 1976 after losing his battle with bowel cancer.

## InfoBox

| Keith Schaefer | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1928-12-20)20 December 1928 | | |
| Place of birth | Melbourne, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 21 August 1976(1976-08-21) (aged 47) | | |
| Place of death | Mount Waverley, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | South Surfers | | |
| Height | 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Weight | 76 kg (168 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1947–1953 | South Melbourne | 102 (22) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1953. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Rastislav Kružliak

abstract: Rastislav Kružliak is a Slovak professional footballer who plays for UFC Tadten as a forward. His cousin, Dominik Kružliak is playing for DAC Dunajská Streda.

text:
# Rastislav Kružliak

**Rastislav Kružliak** (born 11 July 1999) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays for UFC Tadten as a forward. His cousin, Dominik Kružliak is playing for DAC Dunajská Streda.

## Club career

Kružliak made his professional Fortuna Liga debut for Ružomberok in matchday one fixture of 2018–19 Fortuna liga season against iClinic Sereď on 21 July 2018. The match concluded as a goal-less tie. Kružliak came on the pitch in the 74th minute, replacing Tihomir Kostadinov. By the end of the season Kružliak had made 8 league appearances (plus 2 in Slovanft Cup), but always as a substituting player.

He made a transfer to Austrian fifth league side UFC Tadten in 2022. In July 2023 he scored a game-winning goal in the fourth minute of added time against USV Halbturn and helped his team stay in the league on the last matchday.

## InfoBox

Rastislav Kružliak
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Rastislav Kružliak | | |
| Date of birth | (1999-07-11) 11 July 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Slovakia | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | UFC Tadten | | |
| Number | 8 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2013 | FC 34 Liptovský Mikuláš - Palúdzka | | |
| 2010–2011 | Ružomberok (loan) | | |
| 2012–2013 | Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš (loan) | | |
| 2013–2018 | MFK Ružomberok | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2018– | Ružomberok | 11 | (0) |
| 2021- | UFC Tadten | 51 | (38) |
| International career | | | |
| 2017 | Slovakia U18 | 5 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 29 December 2019<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 21 January 2017 | | | |


title: Hưng Hà district

abstract: Hưng Hà is a rural district (huyện) of Thái Bình province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 252,912. The district covers an area of 200 km². The district capital lies at Hưng Hà.

text:
# Hưng Hà district

**Hưng Hà** is a rural district (*huyện*) of Thái Bình province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 252,912. The district covers an area of 200 km². The district capital lies at Hưng Hà.

20°34′59″N 106°10′01″E / 20.583°N 106.167°E / 20.583; 106.167

## InfoBox

| Hưng Hà district Huyện Hưng Hà | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| The gate of the Trần Temple in Thái Bình | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Region | Red River Delta |
| Province | Thái Bình |
| Capital | Hưng Hà |
| Area | |
| Total | 80 sq mi (200 km2) |
| Population (2003) | |
| Total | 252,912 |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Indochina Time) |


title: Methanizer

abstract: Methanizer is an appliance used in gas chromatography (GC), which allows the user to detect very low concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It consists of a flame ionization detector, preceded by a hydrogenating reactor, which converts CO2 and CO into methane CH4. Methanizers contain a hydrogenation catalyst to achieve this conversion. Nickel is commonly used as the catalyst and there are alternatives available.

text:
# Methanizer

**Methanizer** is an appliance used in gas chromatography (GC), which allows the user to detect very low concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It consists of a flame ionization detector, preceded by a hydrogenating reactor, which converts CO2 and CO into methane CH4. Methanizers contain a hydrogenation catalyst to achieve this conversion. Nickel is commonly used as the catalyst and there are alternatives available.

## Chemistry

On-line catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide to methane for detection by FID was described by Porter & Volman, who suggested that both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide could also be converted to methane with the same nickel catalyst. This was confirmed by Johns & Thompson, who determined optimum operating parameters for each of the gases.

CO2 \+ 2H2 ↔ CH4 \+ O2

2CO + 4H2 ↔ 2CH4 \+ O2

## Typical design

The catalyst traditionally consists of a 2% coating of Ni in the form of nickel nitrate deposited on a chromatographic packing material (e.g. Chromosorb G).

A 1½" long bed is packed around the bend of an 8"×1/8" SS U-tube. The tube is clamped in a block so that the ends protrude down into the column oven for connection between column or TCD outlet and FID base. Heat is provided by a pair of cartridge heaters and controlled by a temperature controller.

Hydrogen for the reduction can be provided either by adding it via a tee at the inlet to the catalyst (preferred), or by using hydrogen as carrier gas.

## Start-up

If the raw catalyst is supplied in the form of nickel oxide, it is necessary to reduce it to metallic nickel before it will operate properly. Alternative catalysts do not necessarily need a reduction treatment. Methanizers should not be heated without hydrogen being supplied to them.

## Operating characteristics

### Temperature

Conversion of both CO and CO2 to CH4 starts at a catalyst temperature below 300°C, but the conversion is incomplete and peak tailing is evident. At around 340°C, conversion is complete, as indicated by area measurements, but some tailing limits the peak height. At 360-380°C, tailing is eliminated and there is little change in peak height up to 400°C. Operating temperatures for various methanizers range from 350-400°C.

Although carbonization of CO has been reported at temperatures above 350°, it is rather a rare phenomenon.

### Range

The conversion efficiency is essentially 100% from minimum detectable levels up to a flow of CO or CO2 at the detector of about 5×10−5g/s. These represent a detection limit of about 200 ppb and a maximum concentration of about 10% in a 0.5mL sample. Both values are dependent upon peak width.

### Catalyst poisoning

Nickel catalyst methanizers have been known to undergo deactivation with certain elements and compounds:

* **H2S**. Very small amounts of H2S, SF6, and probably any other sulfur containing gases, cause immediate and complete deactivation of the catalyst. It is not possible to regenerate a poisoned catalyst that has been deactivated by sulfur, by treating with either oxygen or hydrogen. If sulfur containing gases are present in the sample, a switching valve should be used either to bypass the catalyst, or to back-flush the column to vent after elution of CO2.
* **Air or O2**. Reports of oxygen poisoning seem to be rather rumors than real facts. Small amounts of air through a catalyst will not kill it but anything over about 5 cc/min will cause an immediate and continual degradation of the catalyst. This has been seen first hand on several systems over 30 years of personal experience with a catalytic FID designed for analysis of U.S. EPA Method 25 and 25-C samples.
* **Unsaturated hydrocarbons**. Samples of pure ethylene cause immediate, but partial, degradation of the catalyst, evidenced by slight tailing of CO and CO2 peaks. The effect of 2 or 3 samples might be tolerable, but since it is cumulative, such gases should be back-flushed or by-passed. Low concentrations do not cause any degradation. Samples of pure acetylene affect the catalyst much more severely than does ethylene. Low concentrations have no effect. Probably some carbonization with high concentrations of unsaturates occurs, resulting in the deposit of soot on the catalyst surface. It is likely that aromatics would have the same effect.
* **Other compounds**. Water has no effect on the catalyst, as well as various Freons and NH3. Here again, with NH3, there is conflicting evidence from some users, who have seen a degradation after several injections, but other researchers were not able to confirm it. As with sulfur containing gases, NH3 can be back-flushed to vent or by-passed if desired.

## Troubleshooting

In general, the catalyst works perfectly unless it is degraded by sample components, possible minute amounts of sulfur gases at otherwise undetectable levels. The effect is always the same — the CO and CO2 peaks start to tail. If only CO tails, it might well be a column effect, e.g., a Mol. Sieve 13X always causes slight tailing of CO. If the tailing is minimal, raising the catalyst temperature might provide enough improvement to permit further use.

With a newly packed nickel catalyst, tailing usually indicates that part of the catalyst bed is not hot enough. This can happen if the bed extends too far up the arms of the U-tube. Possibly a longer bed will improve the upper conversion limit, but if this is the aim, the packing must not extend beyond the confines of the heater block.

## Catalyst preparation

No catalyst preparation is required with a 3D printed jet.

For nickel catalyst methanizers:

Dissolve 1g of nickel nitrate Ni(NO3)2•6H2O in 4-5mL of methanol. Add 10g of Chromosorb G. A/W, 80-100 mesh. There should be just enough methanol to completely wet the support without excess. Mix the slurry, pour into a flat Pyrex pan and dry on a hot plate at about 80-90°C with occasional gentle shaking or mixing. When dry, heat in air at about 400°C to decompose the salt to NiO. Note that NO2 is emitted during baking — provide adequate ventilation. About an hour at 400°C, longer at lower temperatures, will be needed to complete the process. After baking, the material is dark gray, with no trace of the original green.

Pour the raw catalyst into both arms of an 8"×1/8" nickel U-tube, checking the depth in both with a wire. The final bed should extend 3/8" to 1/2" above the bottom of the U in both arms. Plug with glass wool and install in the injector block.

## Disadvantages

Traditional nickel catalyst methanizers are designed to only convert CO and CO2 to methane. Due to this limitation, deactivation commonly occurs when other compounds are present in the sample matrix, such as olefins and sulfur containing compounds. Thus, the use of methanizers often requires complex valve systems that may include backflush and heartcutting. Nickel catalyst replacement and conditioning steps are time consuming and require operator skill to perform properly.

## Alternatives

### Jetanizer

An alternative methanizer design known as the Jetanizer, where the methanizer is fully contained in a 3D-printed FID jet with novel catalyst, is available from Activated Research Company. The Jetanizer utilizes the heater and hydrogen supply of the FID, reducing the need for additional fittings and temperature control. Similarly to the polyarc reactor, the Jetanizer is resilient to poisoning by compounds containing sulfur, halogens, nitrogen, oxygen, and others. A limitation includes its inability to convert compounds other than CO and CO2 to methane. Literature has been published in the American Chemical Society and the Journal of Separation Science explaining the industry changing benefits of the design which is approachable by any skill level of GC operator given its optimized and simplistic design.

### Polyarc reactor

A post-column reactor that overcomes methanizer limitations is a two-step oxidation-reduction reactor that converts nearly all organic compounds to methane. This technique enables the accurate quantification of any number of compounds that contain carbon beyond just CO and CO2, including those with low sensitivity in the FID such as carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formamide (CH3NO), formaldehyde (CH2O) and formic acid (CH2O2). In addition to increasing the sensitivity of the FID to particular compounds, the response factors of all species become equivalent to that of methane, thereby minimizing or eliminating the need for calibration curves and the standards they rely on. The reactor is available exclusively from Activated Research Company and is known as the Polyarc reactor.

1. "Methanizer". *ARC*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
2. Porter, K.; Volman, D.H. (1962). "Flame Ionization Detection of Carbon Monoxide for Gas Chromatographic Analysis". *Anal. Chem*. **34** (7): 748–9. doi:10.1021/ac60187a009.
3. Johns, T. and Thompson, B., 16th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Mar. 1965.
4. Hightower F.W. and White, A. H., Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 10 (1928)
5. Luong, J.; Yang, Y (2018). "Gas Chromatography with In Situ Catalytic Hydrogenolysis and Flame Ionization Detection for the Direct Measurement of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Challenging Matrices". *Anal. Chem*. **90** (23): 13815–14094. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04563. PMID 30411883.
6. Dauenhauer, Paul (January 21, 2015). "Quantitative carbon detector (QCD) for calibration-free, high-resolution characterization of complex mixtures". *Lab Chip*. **15** (2): 440–7. doi:10.1039/c4lc01180e. PMID 25387003. S2CID 4220408.
7. "Activated Research Company". ARC.


title: Fine Fascination

abstract: Fine Fascination is the debut album from multi-national, London, England-based rock band Red Light Company. The album is set for release on Lavolta/Sony BMG on 2 March 2009 in the UK. The album was produced by Adrian Bushby. Initial pressings of Fine Fascination ordered on online outlets only come with a limited edition 5-track bonus disc. Despite the album's promo CDs being watermarked, the entire album leaked onto the internet on 7 February 2009. Three singles preceded the album's release: "With Lights Out," their debut EP, in May 2008; "Meccano" in August 2008; and "Scheme Eugene" in November 2008. The single "Arts & Crafts" coincides with the album release on the same day.

text:
# Fine Fascination

***Fine Fascination*** is the debut album from multi-national, London, England-based rock band Red Light Company. The album is set for release on Lavolta/Sony BMG on 2 March 2009 in the UK. The album was produced by Adrian Bushby (U2, Placebo, Foo Fighters). Initial pressings of *Fine Fascination* ordered on online outlets only come with a limited edition 5-track bonus disc. Despite the album's promo CDs being watermarked, the entire album leaked onto the internet on 7 February 2009.

Three singles preceded the album's release: "With Lights Out," their debut EP, in May 2008; "Meccano" in August 2008; and "Scheme Eugene" in November 2008. The single "Arts & Crafts" coincides with the album release on the same day.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | (not yet rated) |
| BBC | (positive) |
| Clash Music | (positive) |
| Dotmusic | (9/10) |
| The Fly |  |
| The Guardian |  |
| NME | (3/10) |

In a generally positive review, *Clash Music* concluded that "To some, RLC's flagrant flaunting of ambition can seem distasteful and, one thing's for certain, if you've your crosshairs trained on arenas then you'd better have the ammunition to back up the big time posturing. At times here they fall short – slingshot aimed at the moon short – but often their aim rings true. And on these occasions they are devastating."

## Track listing

1. "Words of Spectacular" – 3:41
2. "Scheme Eugene" – 3:25
3. "Arts & Crafts" – 4:13
4. "First We Land" – 2:50
5. "With Lights Out" – 4:08
6. "New Jersey Television" – 3:40
7. "The Architect" – 3:38
8. "Meccano" – 3:15
9. "When Everyone Is Everybody Else" – 4:51
10. "The Alamo" – 3:46

### Bonus disc

1. "Fine Fascination"
2. "Dirty Water"
3. "Bahnhof Zoo"
4. "Red Light Company"
5. "Sinking Ship"

## Credits

* Richard Frenneaux – vocals, guitar
* Shawn Day – bass, vocals
* Paul Mellon – guitar
* Chris Edmonds – keyboards, vocals
* James Griffiths – drums

## InfoBox

| Fine Fascination | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Red Light Company | |
| Released | 2 March 2009 (2009-03-02) |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Label | Lavolta |
| Producer | Adrian Bushby |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Fine Fascination* | |
| 1. "With Lights Out"
Released: 26 May 2008 2. "Meccano"
Released: 11 August 2008 3. "Scheme Eugene"
Released: 3 November 2008 4. "Arts & Crafts"
Released: 2 March 2009 | |
|  | |


title: Muriel Glauert

abstract: Muriel Glauert was a British mathematician who made significant contributions to early advances in aerodynamics.

text:
# Muriel Glauert

**Muriel Glauert (née Barker)** (7 May 1892 – 23 December 1949) was a British mathematician who made significant contributions to early advances in aerodynamics.

## Early life and education

Muriel Barker was born in Nottingham, the daughter of a textile manufacturer, and attended Nottingham Girls' High School, where she won prizes for her achievements in German, maths and chemistry. She attended Newnham College, Cambridge, from 1912 to 1915 and completed the mathematical tripos, although this was awarded by London University, as Cambridge was yet to award degrees to women.

## Career at the Royal Aircraft Establishment

Barker taught in Liverpool before joining the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) in Farnborough in 1918 as a researcher. Her first publication in her early career at Farnborough was on theoretical streamlines for the flow over an aerofoil. In 1919 she went to study at Bryn Mawr for a year and then undertook postgraduate studies in aeronautics at Cambridge. In August 1922 she published her paper 'On the use of very small pitot-tubes for measuring wind velocity' in the *Proceedings of the Royal Society*. A pitot tube is a slender tube with two holes used to calculate speed through the air or water, used by both ships and aeroplanes. Barker was the first researcher to demonstrate that the difference between the pitot tube's reading and the static pressure is proportional to the flow speed rather than to its square. In the same year she returned to the RAE, and became engaged to, and later married, the aerodynamicist Hermann Glauert, Principal Scientific Officer at the RAE.

## Later career

After her husband was killed in an accident in 1934, Barker later became Examiner in Mathematics for the London and Cambridge and Joint Northern Universities. In 1940 she published a final academic paper, which looked at the capture of raindrops by a cylinder and an aerofoil moving at uniform speed, a problem of ongoing concern due to ice formation, for example, on aeroplane wings in flight.

## Personal life

Barker was married to Hermann Glauert, who died in 1934. They had three children: Michael, and twins Audrey and Richard. Muriel Glauert died in 1949 and was buried alongside her husband.

1. Baker, Nina C. "Magnificent Women".
2. Knight, Karen Lovejoy (2018). *A.C. Pigou and the 'Marshallian' Thought Style: A Study in the Philosophy and Mathematics Underlying Cambridge Economics (Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought)*. 67: Palgrave Macmillan.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location (link)
3. Barker, Muriel; Taylor, Geoffrey Ingram (1 August 1922). "On the use of very small pitot-tubes for measuring wind velocity". *Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character*. **101** (712): 435–445. Bibcode:1922RSPSA.101..435B. doi:10.1098/rspa.1922.0055.
4. "Graces Guide".
5. "Hermann Glauert grave monument details at Ship Lane Cemetery, Farnborough, Hampshire, England". *www.gravestonephotos.com*. Retrieved 21 March 2021.

## InfoBox

| Muriel Glauert | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 7 May 1892<br>Nottingham |
| Died | 23 December 1949 |
| Alma mater | Newnham College |
| Occupation | Aeronautical engineering |
| Employer | Royal Aircraft Establishment Farnborough |


title: Víctor Saldaño

abstract: Víctor Hugo Saldaño, aka Victor Rodriguez, is an Argentine man sentenced to death by the state of Texas. He is the sole Argentine sentenced to death in the United States. Saldaño, from Córdoba, arrived to the United States in 1995, where he was an illegal immigrant and worked as a day laborer. He lived in New York City and later Dallas, where he was the roommate of a Mexican named Jorge Chávez. On November 25, 1995, he and his co-defendant, Chávez, kidnapped Paul Ray King at a grocery store in Plano, Texas by using a gun to force him into a vehicle. At Lavon Lake, Saldaño killed King with five gunshots.

text:
# Víctor Saldaño

**Víctor Hugo Saldaño** (born October 22, 1972), aka Victor Rodriguez, is an Argentine man sentenced to death by the state of Texas. He is the sole Argentine sentenced to death in the United States.

Saldaño, from Córdoba, arrived to the United States in 1995, where he was an illegal immigrant and worked as a day laborer. He lived in New York City and later Dallas, where he was the roommate of a Mexican named Jorge Chávez.

On November 25, 1995, he and his co-defendant, Chávez, kidnapped Paul Ray King at a grocery store in Plano, Texas by using a gun to force him into a vehicle. At Lavon Lake, Saldaño killed King with five gunshots.

## Trial, sentencing, and imprisonment

He was tried in 1996 and found guilty. Psychologist Walter Quijano stated that Hispanics were more likely to commit crime and that the prison system had too many Hispanics during the portion of the trial in which his sentencing was determined. Saldaño received a death sentence while Chavez was sentenced to life imprisonment.

While on death row, Víctor Saldaño was originally held at the Ellis Unit. From 1999 to 2000, the death row for men was moved to the Polunsky Unit (formerly the Terrell Unit).

The Argentine government hired lawyers to overturn the sentencing on the grounds of Quijano's testimony. Southwestern Law School constitutional law professor Jonathan Miller stated "He is alive today because of the Argentine government."

He was retried and sentenced to death in 2004. Collin County assistant district attorney John R. Rolater, Jr. stated that Saldaño pretended to have mental illness. Miller stated that the verdict was unjust since "They locked him in the pressure cooker of death row for seven years and then told everyone, \`Look how dangerous he is.'"

Saldaño has since filed two writs of *habeas corpus*. In 2007, "he asserts that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel \[...\] by trial counsels' failure to preserve certain issues raised in his direct appeal." This claim was reviewed by the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas and dismissed. In 2008, he "presents eight allegations in which he challenges the validity of his death sentence." This claim was also reviewed by the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, which partially concurred with only one of Saldaño's eight allegations, and thus upheld the death sentence.

In 2013 Lidia Guerrero, Saldaño's mother, mailed Pope Francis a letter asking him to help her son avoid execution. On March 20, 2015 and August 2, 2018, Pope Francis publicly announced his opposition to capital punishment in all cases.

## Legacy

Filmmaker Raúl Villaruel made the documentary *Saldaño, el sueño dorado* (Saldaño, The Golden Dream), about the case.


title: Vampire on Titus

abstract: Vampire on Titus is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band Guided by Voices.

text:
# Vampire on Titus

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Vampire on Titus*** is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band Guided by Voices.

## Background

*Vampire on Titus* was recorded after a short-lived dissolution of the band (after 1992's "farewell" album *Propeller*) but prior to the full-time regrouping that occurred with the assemblage of the *Bee Thousand* album and the band's return to live performance. The album was recorded with a skeletal line-up consisting of Robert Pollard, Jim Pollard and Tobin Sprout. Jim Shepard of V-3 remarked to Pollard once that he “was like a vampire on Titus, sucking songs out of the earth.” Pollard lived on Titus Ave. in Dayton, Ohio. The album is often acknowledged as being the most abrasively lo-fi in the entire Guided by Voices catalog.

## Track listing

All songs written by Robert Pollard unless otherwise noted.

### Side A

1. ""Wished I Was a Giant"" – 2:43
2. "#2 in the Model Home Series" (R. Pollard, Tobin Sprout) – 1:45
3. "Expecting Brainchild" (Jim Pollard, R. Pollard) – 2:30
4. "Superior Sector Janitor X" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:37
5. "Donkey School" (Sprout) – 1:03
6. "Dusted" – 2:08
7. "Marchers in Orange" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard) – 1:24
8. "Sot" (Sprout, R. Pollard) – 2:35
9. "World of Fun" – 0:55

### Side B

1.
2. "Jar of Cardinals" – 1:22
3. "Unstable Journey" – 2:15
4. "E-5" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 1:29
5. "Cool Off Kid Kilowatt" (J. Pollard, R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:56
6. "Gleemer (The Deeds of Fertile Jim)" (Sprout) – 2:24
7. "Wondering Boy Poet" (R. Pollard, Sprout) – 0:59
8. "What About It?" – 1:37
9. "Perhaps Now the Vultures" – 2:23
10. "Non-Absorbing" – 1:37

## Personnel

### Guided by Voices

* Robert Pollard – vocals, guitar, drums
* Jim Pollard – guitar
* Tobin Sprout – vocals, guitar, bass

### Technical

## InfoBox

| Vampire on Titus | |
| --- | --- |
| The image on the cover is a Vegetable Lamb of Tartary from The Travels of Sir John Mandeville by John Mandeville, 1499. | |
| Studio album by Guided by Voices | |
| Released | 1993 |
| Recorded | 1993 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 30:42 |
| Label | Scat |
| Producer |  |
| Guided by Voices chronology | |
| *Propeller*
(1992) ***Vampire on Titus***
(1993) *Bee Thousand*
(1994) | |


title: Patola, Helsinki

abstract: Patola (Finnish), Dammen (Swedish) is a northern-central neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland.

text:
# Patola, Helsinki

**Patola** (Finnish), **Dammen** (Swedish) is a northern-central neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland.

60°13′55″N 24°57′36″E / 60.232°N 24.960°E / 60.232; 24.960

## InfoBox

| Patola (in Finnish)<br>Dammen (in Swedish) | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Helsinki | |
| Location in Helsinki | |
| Country | Finland |
| Province | Southern Finland |
| Region | Uusimaa |
| Sub-region | Helsinki |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Mimorista leucoplacalis

abstract: Mimorista leucoplacalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in Colombia.

text:
# Mimorista leucoplacalis

***Mimorista leucoplacalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Mimorista leucoplacalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Mimorista* |
| Species: | ***M. leucoplacalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mimorista leucoplacalis***<br>(Hampson, 1918) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyrausta leucoplacalis* Hampson, 1918 | |


abstract: Pilot Grove Township is one of fourteen townships in Cooper County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,134.

text:
# Pilot Grove Township, Cooper County, Missouri

**Pilot Grove Township** is one of fourteen townships in Cooper County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,134.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Pilot Grove Township covers an area of 36.18 square miles (93.7 square kilometers); of this, 35.94 square miles (93.09 square kilometers, 99.35 percent) is land and 0.24 square miles (0.61 square kilometers, 0.65 percent) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Mount Vernon, Pleasant Hill, Saint Joseph, and Saint Martin's in Chouteau Springs.

### Major highways

## School districts

* Boonville School District
* Pilot Grove C-4

## Political districts

## Notable people

1. "U.S. Census website". Retrieved May 13, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Pilot Grove Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Cooper County | |
| Coordinates: 38°52′56″N 92°54′07″W / 38.88222°N 92.90194°W / 38.88222; -92.90194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| County | Cooper |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.18 sq mi (93.7 km2) |
| Land | 35.94 sq mi (93.09 km2) |
| Water | 0.24 sq mi (0.61 km2)  0.65% |
| Elevation | 814 ft (248 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 1,134 |
| Density | 31.6/sq mi (12.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 65233, 65276, 65322 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0766536 |


title: John Fox (railway engineer)

abstract: John Fox, was a Canadian civil engineer. He oversaw the Mount Macdonald Tunnel project at Rogers Pass in the Canadian Rockies, the crowning achievement of a 40-year career at Canadian Pacific Railway. The innovative 1.2 km John Fox Viaduct, just to the east of the Mount Shaughnessy Tunnel eastern portal is named after him.

text:
# John Fox (railway engineer)

**John Fox**, CM (1924  2001) was a Canadian civil engineer. He oversaw the Mount Macdonald Tunnel project at Rogers Pass in the Canadian Rockies, the crowning achievement of a 40-year career at Canadian Pacific Railway. The innovative 1.2 km John Fox Viaduct, just to the east of the Mount Shaughnessy Tunnel eastern portal is named after him.

## Early life

Son of James Fox who came from England and operated a store in Huntingdon, Quebec, John Fox attended Huntingdon Academy and later joined the Royal Canadian Air Force as a pilot in World War II. After the war, he studied Civil Engineering at McGill University and married the former Janet Fraser of Dundee, Quebec in 1949, the same year that he joined the CPR.

## Legacy

John Fox was appointed to the Order of Canada on October 25, 1990, with the following citation: "Vice-President of Engineering and Special Projects at Canadian Pacific Rail, he was responsible for introducing innovative and environmentally-sensitive engineering techniques in the construction of the Roger's Pass Project, the single most important railway project since the building of the main line. His leadership and professionalism have facilitated the enhancement of the safety and efficiency of Canada's railway system".

## InfoBox

| John FoxCM | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1924 |
| Died | 2001 |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Alma mater | McGill University |
| Occupation | Civil engineer |


title: John Fox (cricketer, born 1851)

abstract: John Fox was an English cricketer who played two matches for Gloucestershire in 1872.

text:
# John Fox (cricketer, born 1851)

**John Fox** (10 March 1851  10 August 1929) was an English cricketer who played two matches for Gloucestershire in 1872.

## InfoBox

John Fox
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1851-03-10)10 March 1851
County Armagh, Ireland |
| Died | 10 August 1929(1929-08-10) (aged 78)
Somerset |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1872 | Gloucestershire |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 4 April 2014 | |


title: John Love (congressman)

abstract: John Love was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia. Decades after his death, during the American Civil War, a man of the same name served in the Wheeling Convention, representing Upshur County, West Virginia, many miles westward.

text:
# John Love (congressman)

**John Love** (1760  1834) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia. Decades after his death, during the American Civil War, a man of the same name served in the Wheeling Convention, representing Upshur County, West Virginia, many miles westward.

## Early life

John Love was born in 1760 in Charles County, Maryland to née Sarah Garner and Samuel Love. In the 1770s, his father bought a farm near the border of Prince William and Fauquier counties. Growing up, Love pursued an academic course and studied law. Love and his brother Samuel both joined Virginia militia regiments. Love joined Capt. William Payne's company of the 1st Virginia regiment as a private and also fought in the Philadelphia campaign and survived the winter at Valley Forge. He re-enlisted in 1779 and returned to Virginia when his regiment was merged with the Second Virginia regiment under Col. Charles Dabney

Love would marry twice after his wartime service. His first wife, Elizabeth Watson of Alexandria, Virginia, bore no children who survived. His second wife Mary E.H. Wheeler bore a son and a daughter.

## Career

He was admitted to the bar in 1801 and began his legal practice in Alexandria, Virginia and nearby counties. He lived in Alexandria for about two years. Both before and after, until his departure to Tennessee in 1820, he operated a farm near Buckland at the border of Prince William and Fauquier County counties, which he operated using enslaved labor. Buckland Farm, and his brother Samuel's farms in nearby Loudoun County, became known for breeding thoroughbred racing horses, and were some of the earliest importers of stock from Arabia and Europe. He advertised his prime stud horse, 'Mahomet', in a Dumfries newspaper in 1796.

Fauquier County voters elected Love as one of their representatives in the Virginia House of Delegates, alongside veteran Thomas Hunton, in 1805 and re-elected the pair the following year. In 1807 John Edmunds succeeded him as delegate, because Love had been elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1806, and he was also re-elected there and served from 1807 to 1811. As congressman, Love served as chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia in his second term, from 1809 to 1811. In 1816, voters from the district that included Prince William and Fairfax counties elected Love to the Virginia State Senate (again a part-time position) and he served from 1816, but was succeeded by Redmond Foster before the end of his four-year term.

## Death and legacy

Love died in Alexandria, Virginia on August 17, 1822.

* United States Congress. "John Love (id: L000456)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| John Love | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Virginia Senate | |
| **In office**
1816–1820 | |
| Preceded by | John Gibson |
| Succeeded by | Redmond Foster |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 9th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1807  March 3, 1811 | |
| Preceded by | Philip R. Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Aylett Hawes |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates for Fauquier County, Virginia | |
| **In office**
1805–1807Serving with Thomas Hunton | |
| Preceded by | Augustine Jennings |
| Succeeded by | John Edmunds |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | (1822-08-18)August 18, 1822
Alexandria, Virginia, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Profession | Politician, lawyer |
|  | |


title: Pierre Toussaint

abstract: Pierre Toussaint was a formerly enslaved Haitian-American hairdresser and philanthropist, brought to New York City by his enslavers in 1787. He was declared Venerable by Pope John Paul II in 1996. Freed in 1807 after the death of his mistress, Pierre took the surname of "Toussaint" in honor of Toussaint Louverture, a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Toussaint also became a successful barber and used his wealth for various philanthropic causes. He also helped finance the construction of St. Patrick's Old Cathedral. Credited as the de facto founder of Catholic Charities New York, Toussaint is the first and only layman to be buried in the crypt below the main altar of the current St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue, generally reserved for bishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.

text:
# Pierre Toussaint

**Pierre Toussaint** (June 27, 1766 – June 30, 1853) was a formerly enslaved Haitian-American hairdresser and philanthropist, brought to New York City by his enslavers in 1787. He was declared Venerable by Pope John Paul II in 1996.

Freed in 1807 after the death of his mistress, Pierre took the surname of "Toussaint" in honor of Toussaint Louverture, a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Toussaint also became a successful barber and used his wealth for various philanthropic causes. He also helped finance the construction of St. Patrick's Old Cathedral.

Credited as the de facto founder of Catholic Charities New York, Toussaint is the first and only layman to be buried in the crypt below the main altar of the current St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue, generally reserved for bishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.

## Biography

### Early life

Pierre was born into slavery on June 27, 1766, in what is now known as Haiti. He was the son of Ursula and resided on the Artibonite plantation owned by the Bérard family. The plantation was located on the Artibonite River near Saint-Marc on the colony's west coast. His father's name is unknown. He was known to have a sister, Rosalie. His maternal grandmother, Zenobe Julien, was also enslaved and was later freed by the Bérards for her family service. His maternal great-grandmother, Tonette, had been born in Africa, where she was sold into slavery and brought to Saint-Domingue. He was raised as a Catholic.

Pierre was educated as a child by the Bérard family's tutors and was trained as a house slave. The senior Bérards returned to France, taking Pierre with them, and their son Jean Bérard took over the plantation. As the tensions rose, which would lead to enslaved and free people of color rising in Haitian Revolution, in 1787, Bérard and his second wife left the island for New York City, taking five of the people they enslaved with them, including Pierre and Rosalie.

### New York

Upon their arrival in New York, Bérard had Pierre apprenticed to one of New York's leading hairdressers. Bérard then returned to Saint-Domingue to see to his property. After Jean Bérard died in St. Domingue of pleurisy, Pierre, who was becoming increasingly successful as a hairdresser in New York, voluntarily took on the support of Madame Bérard. Jean Bérard had allowed him to keep much of his earnings from being hired out. (Pierre's kindness to his mistress was noted by one of her friends, Philip Jeremiah Schuyler's second wife Mary Schuyler, whose notes were a source for the 1854 memoir of Toussaint.) Madame Bérard eventually remarried to Monsieur Nicolas, also from Saint-Domingue. On her deathbed, she made her husband promise to free Pierre from slavery.

Toussaint earned a good living as a very popular hairdresser among New York society's upper echelon. He saved his money and paid for his sister Rosalie's freedom. They both still lived in what was then the Nicolas house. He was freed in 1807.

Catherine ("Kitty") Church Cruger, two years older than Toussaint, would become one of his key clients and friends. She was the daughter of John Barker Church (who would give the pistols to Hamilton for the duel in Weehawken) and Angelica Schuyler, the muse and confidante of Hamilton and Jefferson.

Due to connections among the French emigrant community in New York, Toussaint met people who knew the Bérards in Paris. He began a correspondence with them that lasted for some decades, particularly with Aurora Bérard, his godmother. The Bérards had lost their fortune in the French Revolution, during which Aurora's father died in prison and her mother soon after. Her other siblings had married in France. Toussaint also corresponded with friends in Haiti; his collected correspondence filled 15 bound volumes as part of the documentation submitted by the Archdiocese of New York to the Holy See to support canonization.

### Marriage and family

On August 5, 1811, Toussaint married Juliette Noel, an enslaved woman 20 years his junior, after purchasing her freedom. For four years, they continued to board at the Nicolas house. They adopted Euphemia, the daughter of his late sister Rosalie, who had died of tuberculosis, raising the girl as their own. They provided for her education and music classes. In 1815, Nicolas and his wife moved to the American South.

Together, the Toussaints began a career of charity among people experiencing poverty in New York City, often taking baked goods to the children of the Orphan Asylum and donating money to its operations.

### Charity

Toussaint attended daily Mass for 66 years at St. Peter's in New York. He owned a house on Franklin Street, where the Toussaints sheltered orphans and fostered numerous boys in succession. Toussaint supported them in getting an education and learning a trade; he sometimes helped them get their first jobs through his connections in the city.

They also organized a credit bureau, an employment agency, and a refuge for priests and needy travelers. Many Haitian refugees went to New York, and because Toussaint spoke French and English, he frequently helped the new immigrants. He often arranged sales of goods so they could raise money to live on. He was "renowned for crossing barricades to nurse quarantined cholera patients" during an epidemic in New York.

Toussaint also helped raise money to build a new Catholic church in New York, which became Old St. Patrick's Cathedral on Mulberry Street. He was a benefactor of the first New York City Catholic school for Black children at St. Vincent de Paul on Canal Street.

### Later years

Euphemia died before her adoptive parents, of tuberculosis, like her mother. Juliette died on May 14, 1851. Two years later, Pierre Toussaint died on June 30, 1853, at the age of 87. He was buried alongside his wife and Euphemia in the cemetery of St. Patrick's Old Cathedral on Mott Street.

## Veneration

### Beatification process

1. In the 1950s, the John Boyle O'Reilly Committee for Interracial Justice, an Irish-American group devoted to social justice and equality, began researching and publicizing Toussaint's life story.
2. Because of Toussaint's reputation of great charity, Cardinal Terence Cooke, then Archbishop of New York, authorized the formation of a committee to study further. Based on their findings, in 1989, his successor, Cardinal John O'Connor, strongly supported the opening of a beatification process for Toussaint, giving him the title of a Servant of God. O'Connor had Toussaint's body exhumed and examined as part of it. Toussaint was reinterred in the main cathedral (where, up until that point, only clerics had been buried).
3. Toussaint was the first layman to be honored by burial in the crypt below the main altar of St Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue. The crypt is normally reserved for bishops of the Archdiocese of New York.
4. In 1996, Toussaint was declared venerable by Pope John Paul II

## Legacy

* 1854, a biography, *Memoir of Pierre Toussaint, Born a Slave in St. Domingo*, was written by Hannah Farnham Sawyer Lee and published in Boston, one of the genres known as slave narratives.
* The Pierre Toussaint Haitian-Catholic Center in Miami, Florida, is named for him.
* Toussaint Academy San Diego (formerly The Pierre Toussaint Academy of Arts and Sciences) is a residential secondary school for homeless 14–18-year-old youth founded by Father Joe Carroll in 1992 and operated as a component of Father Joe's Villages (formerly Saint Vincent de Paul Villages). Over 1100 youth have benefitted from a healthy, stable environment to develop identity, self-worth, a sense of belonging, and a connection to the community honoring Pierre Toussaint's legacy.
* Toussaint is remembered for his good works by a series of portraits in Gracie Mansion.
* In April 2021, a large section of Church Avenue in Brooklyn, New York was co-named Pierre Toussaint Boulevard.
* The intersection next to St. Peter's (Toussaint's former parish) in Manhattan was named after him in 1998.
* In February 2024, Toussaint was featured in the New York Times Overlooked No More series of obituaries which were not published at the time of the recipient's death.

## InfoBox

| Venerable
Pierre Toussaint | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1766-06-27)27 June 1766
Saint-Marc, Artibonite, Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) |
| Died | 30 June 1853(1853-06-30) (aged 87)
New York City, U.S. |
| Spouse | Juliette Noel (m. 18111851) |
|  | |


title: John J. Conway

abstract: John Conway founded the city of Mission, Texas in 1907 with J. W. Holt when the two purchased the 17,000-acre (6,900 ha) La Lomita Ranch from the Oblate fathers. Subdivided parcels were sold to arriving settlers and water was pumped from the Rio Grande by means of a pumping station called the First Lift Station and distributed to the residents of the Rio Grande Valley through the Mission Canal Co. Irrigation System, also started by Conway and Holt.

text:
# John J. Conway

**John Conway** founded the city of Mission, Texas in 1907 with J. W. Holt when the two purchased the 17,000-acre (6,900 ha) La Lomita Ranch from the Oblate fathers. Subdivided parcels were sold to arriving settlers and water was pumped from the Rio Grande by means of a pumping station called the First Lift Station and distributed to the residents of the Rio Grande Valley through the Mission Canal Co. Irrigation System, also started by Conway and Holt.


title: John Jordan (judge)

abstract: John Jordan is an Irish judge who has served as a Judge of the High Court since February 2019. He was previously practiced as a barrister.

text:
# John Jordan (judge)

**John Jordan** is an Irish judge who has served as a Judge of the High Court since February 2019. He was previously practiced as a barrister.

## Early life

Jordan is from Castlebar, County Mayo, where he attended secondary school at St Gerald's College. He studied law at University College Dublin and at the King's Inns.

He was called to the Bar in 1985 and became a senior counsel in 2011. His practice encompassed criminal law and private law, including in the areas of contract law, tort law, and property law. In criminal trials, he acted for both the defence and on behalf of the Director of Public Prosecutions in matters involving sexual offences, road traffic offences, fraud, and homicide.

He acted for the DPP in the prosecution of Pádraig Nally and subsequent appeal arising out of the death of John Ward.

## Judicial career

Jordan became a judge of the High Court in February 2019. He has been the presiding judge in cases involving injunctions, company law, and family and child law.

He is the judge in charge of the Family List of the High Court.

## InfoBox

| The Hon. Mr. JusticeJohn Jordan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Judge of the High Court | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>4 February 2019 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Michael D. Higgins |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland |
| Education | St Gerald's College |
| Alma mater |  |
|  | |


title: Pink Noise (album)

abstract: Pink Noise is the third studio album by the British singer Laura Mvula, released on 2 July 2021 by Atlantic Records. Its release was five years after The Dreaming Room, released in 2016. The album was preceded by the singles "Safe Passage" and "Church Girl", the latter being issued along with the album's announcement.

text:
# Pink Noise (album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 89/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| *Clash* |  |
| *DIY* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A− |
| *The Arts Desk* |  |
| *The Independent* |  |
| *The Line of Best Fit* |  |
| *NME* |  |
| *The Observer* |  |
| *Tom Hull – on the Web* | B+ () |
| *Retro Pop* |  |

***Pink Noise*** is the third studio album by the British singer Laura Mvula, released on 2 July 2021 by Atlantic Records. Its release was five years after *The Dreaming Room*, released in 2016. The album was preceded by the singles "Safe Passage" and "Church Girl", the latter being issued along with the album's announcement.

## Background

Mvula called the album the one she "always wanted to make", and described it as "made with warm sunset tones of the '80s", saying it "took three years of waiting and waiting and fighting and dying and nothingness and then finally an explosion of sound".

The album follows the *1/f* EP, released in February 2021. The EP was named after the technical name for pink noise on the frequency spectrum.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Laura Mvula and Dann Hume.

*Pink Noise* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Safe Passage" | 3:12 |
| 2. | "Conditional" | 2:49 |
| 3. | "Church Girl" | 3:45 |
| 4. | "Remedy" | 4:02 |
| 5. | "Magical" | 4:12 |
| 6. | "Pink Noise" | 3:29 |
| 7. | "Golden Ashes" | 4:09 |
| 8. | "What Matters" (featuring Simon Neil) | 4:08 |
| 9. | "Got Me" | 3:26 |
| 10. | "Before the Dawn" | 4:21 |
| Total length: | | 37:33 |

## Personnel

**Musicians**

* Laura Mvula – lead vocals, backing vocals, synthesizers, synth bass
* Dann Hume – electric guitar (tracks 1–6, 9, 10), percussion (5, 7)
* Karl Rasheed-Abel – bass guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9)
* Oli Rockberger – backing vocals (tracks 1, 3, 4)
* Troy Miller – percussion (tracks 1, 3), drums (5, 6)
* Mike Davis – trumpet (tracks 2, 4–7)
* Tom Walsh – trumpet (tracks 2, 4–7)
* Trevor Mires – trombones, bass trumpet (tracks 2, 4–7)
* James Gardiner-Bateman – saxophones (tracks 2, 4–7)
* Daniel Hutchinson – electric guitar (tracks 5, 8), backing vocals (5)
* Everton Nelson – first violin (tracks 5–7, 10)
* Marianne Haynes – second violin (tracks 5–7, 10)
* Clifton Harrison – viola (tracks 5–7, 10)
* James Douglas – cello (tracks 5–7, 10), backing vocals (5)
* Simon Neil – vocals (track 8)

**Technical**

* Laura Mvula – production (all tracks), drum arrangements (track 1)
* Dann Hume – production, mixing, engineering (all tracks); drum production (tracks 1–4, 6–10)
* Troy Miller – co-production, string arrangements (tracks 5, 6, 10); additional production (1–4, 7), engineering (5, 6), percussion engineering (1, 3), horn arrangements (2, 4–6),
* Stuart Hawkes – mastering, lacquer cut
* Robbie Nelson – engineering (tracks 5, 6, 10), horn engineering (2, 4, 7), string engineering (7)
* Adam Noble – Simon Neil vocal engineering (track 8)

**Visuals**

* Danny Kasirye – photography
* Alex Cowper – design

## Charts

Chart performance for *Pink Noise*
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 6 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 21 |
| UK R&B Albums (OCC) | 1 |

## InfoBox

| Pink Noise | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Laura Mvula | |
| Released | 2 July 2021 (2021-07-02) |
| Studio | * Firepit (London) * RAK (London) * Spark (London) * Noatune (London) * Doghouse (Henley-on-Thames) * Trinity House (Frome) * Flightless Bird (Los Angeles) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 37:33 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Producer |  |
| Laura Mvula chronology | |
| *1/f*
(2021) ***Pink Noise***
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Pink Noise* | |
| 1. "Safe Passage"
Released: 3 March 2021 2. "Church Girl"
Released: 17 March 2021 3. "Got Me"
Released: 12 May 2021 | |
|  | |


title: John Nunatak

abstract: John Nunatak is an isolated granite nunatak in Antarctica, lying 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of the Pirrit Hills. The nunatak was examined by United States Antarctic Research Program geologists Edward Thiel and Campbell Craddock on 13 December 1959, in the course of an airlifted geophysical traverse along the 88th meridian West. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after steelworker Orlan F. John, U.S. Navy, who lost his life in a construction accident at McMurdo Sound, 2 November 1960.

text:
# John Nunatak

**John Nunatak** (81°12′S 85°19′W / 81.200°S 85.317°W / -81.200; -85.317) is an isolated granite nunatak in Antarctica, lying 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of the Pirrit Hills. The nunatak was examined by United States Antarctic Research Program geologists Edward Thiel and Campbell Craddock on 13 December 1959, in the course of an airlifted geophysical traverse along the 88th meridian West. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after steelworker Orlan F. John, U.S. Navy, who lost his life in a construction accident at McMurdo Sound, 2 November 1960.

This article incorporates public domain material from "John Nunatak". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


abstract: The John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum is a 1000-acre (4.05 km⁲) National Wildlife Refuge in Philadelphia and Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania. Adjacent to Philadelphia International Airport, the refuge protects the largest remaining freshwater tidal marsh in Pennsylvania. Established in 1972 as the Tinicum National Environmental Center, it was renamed in 1991 after the late H. John Heinz III, who helped preserve Tinicum Marsh.

text:
# John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum

The **John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum** is a 1000-acre (4.05 km2) National Wildlife Refuge in Philadelphia and Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania. Adjacent to Philadelphia International Airport, the refuge protects the largest remaining freshwater tidal marsh in Pennsylvania. Established in 1972 as the Tinicum National Environmental Center, it was renamed in 1991 after the late H. John Heinz III, who helped preserve Tinicum Marsh.

## History

The Lenape people are the first known settlers of the area that is now known as Philadelphia. For generations, these indigenous people stewarded the land we know as Tinicum Marsh. The Lenape called this land Tennakon Minquas or "islands of the marsh". It was a marshland that spread for more than 5,000 acres across the landscape. The Lenape lived off the plentiful bounty of the marshland, fishing, hunting, and gathering in the around the marshes until the mid-1600s when European settlers arrived. These settlers drained and filled the marshes to provide grazing and farming land. Over the years, as the Philadelphia region grew, the marshes continued to disappear.

In the late 1760s it is discovered by the Darby Society of Friends that the Elliot family were running a slave plantation on Smith Island. This is contrary to their orders of discipline. A committee of Nathan Garrett & William Horne are sent to negotiate a settlement. After at least 25 visits, Elliot and the visiting committee come to an agreement ( 1765). He agrees to codify this in his will. In his will, he gives a house and 2 acres of land at Smith Field (now part of Tinicum Wildlife Preserve) and a pension, to his slave Old Primus, who is freed immediately. He also provides for eight negroes besides Old Primus. Through the deal brokered by the Darby Friends Meeting and written into Enoch's will, they are to be manumitted when they reached 30 years of age. Their names are: Frank, Joe, Betts, Rack, Young Primus, Dina, Peter and Nance. In the meantime, custody is split between his two sons. The will forbids that they be sold or hired out of the area. Enoch dies in 1767. His son, Christopher, tries to circumvent the will and is sued by Quakers Thomas Shipley & Isaac Hopper working through The Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society.

By the 1950s, Tinicum Marsh had gone from more than 5,000 acres to only 200 acres.

In 1953, Allston Jenkins, a birdwatcher who lived in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, learned of Gulf Oil's plans to dredge the Schuylkill River and dump the spoils into the Marsh. He banded together with other birders and activists to form the Philadelphia Conservationists (later known as Natural Lands, the region's oldest and largest land conservation organization). The group successfully fought the destruction of Tinicum Marsh and a non-tidal area of 145 acres, adjacent to the eastern end of Tinicum Marsh, was donated by the Gulf Oil Corporation to the City of Philadelphia in 1955. This area, administered for the benefit of wildlife and people, was known as Tinicum Wildlife Preserve. The areas of open water along with the adjacent heavily vegetated tidal wetlands, formed an ideal habitat for thousands of migratory birds.

In 1969, threats to Tinicum Marsh continued to rise with the proposed routing of Interstate 95 through the marsh and the construction of a landfill. Local residents and organizations began to take action, as they had seen enough habitat destruction done to the marshlands. They worked together to begin a long series of legal injunctions, public hearings, and extraordinary efforts that stopped both the highway's rerouting and the landfill's operation.

In 1972, Congress passed legislation authorizing the protection of up to 1,200 acres and established Tinicum National Environmental Center. In 1991, the refuge was renamed posthumously to honor Senator John Heinz and his commitment to the conservation of the marsh.

## Topography

The refuge has five varied habitats: freshwater tidal marsh, impounded water, woods, meadow and field. The diversity of such habitats in such a concentrated area make it a natural magnet for all forms of wildlife. In addition to the above-mentioned there are a wide variety of fish species that can be found in both, Darby Creek, the lifeblood of Tinicum Marsh, as well as the 145 acre (0.6 km2) impoundment and the smaller, Hoy's Pond. They include brown bullhead, channel catfish, crappie, carp and small striped bass that utilize the wider expanses of Darby Creek, just before its confluence with the Delaware River, in the earlier stages of their development. The fields and meadows provide open areas where wide arrays of insects including several species of butterflies can be found foraging the dozens of species of wildflowers.

## Wildlife and protected species

The refuge is home to a variety of wildlife despite its urban location. Birdwatchers have recorded over 300 species of birds in and around the refuge, 85 of which nest here. Migratory birds like warblers, egrets, sandpipers, and a large variety of ducks, within the Atlantic Flyway, use the refuge as a resting/feeding spot during spring and fall flights. Since water levels can be controlled in the impoundment, the water is often drained in early fall at the refuge. This serves both to reduce the large population of invasive carp and makes the impoundment a large mudflat, which renders it very attractive to migrating shorebirds. The water levels are raised later in the fall so waterfowl can use the impoundment.

In addition, deer, opossums, red foxes, raccoons, coyotes, beavers, river otters, minks, woodchucks, and muskrats take refuge here along with a wide variety of wildflowers and plants.

Bats are frequently observed by visitors on the refuge during warmer seasons and a formal species diversity and population survey would provide valuable information on recent declines of these important creatures due to white nose syndrome and habitat disturbances.

There are several species of reptiles and amphibians that call the refuge home including the northern water, garter and DeKay's brown snakes; pickerel, wood and southern leopard frogs (the latter listed as endangered in Pennsylvania) and the state threatened American red-bellied turtle as well as the painted, snapping and eastern box turtles.

## Climate

John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum lies in the transition zone between the Temperate Continental climate to the north and the Humid subtropical climate to the south. According to the Trewartha climate classification system, the refuge has a Temperate Oceanic climate (*Do*) with hot summers (*a*), cool winters (*k*) and year-around precipitation. *Doak* climates are characterized by all months having an average mean temperature \> 32.0 °F (0 °C), four to seven months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F (10 °C), at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ 72.0 °F (22 °C) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are moderately humid at John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values \> 111 °F (44 °C). Since 1981, the highest air temperature was 102.9 °F (39 °C) on 07/22/2011, and the highest average mean dew point was 77.3 °F (25 °C) on 07/15/1995. The average wettest month is July which corresponds with the annual peak in thunderstorm activity. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was 6.58 inches (167 mm) on 08/27/2011. During the winter months, the plant hardiness zone is 7a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 5.1 °F (−15 °C). Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was −5.8 °F (−21 °C) on 01/22/1984. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values \< −5 °F (−21 °C). Ice storms and large snowstorms depositing over 12 inches (30 cm) occur once every several years, particularly during nor'easters from December through February.

| Climate data for John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum Visitor Center. 1981-2010 Averages (1981-2018 Records). | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 71.7
(22.1) | 77.4
(25.2) | 85.6
(29.8) | 94.0
(34.4) | 95.2
(35.1) | 97.9
(36.6) | 102.9
(39.4) | 100.5
(38.1) | 98.9
(37.2) | 88.8
(31.6) | 81.4
(27.4) | 74.2
(23.4) | 102.9
(39.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 40.6
(4.8) | 44.2
(6.8) | 52.3
(11.3) | 63.6
(17.6) | 73.6
(23.1) | 82.9
(28.3) | 87.2
(30.7) | 85.5
(29.7) | 78.5
(25.8) | 67.0
(19.4) | 56.1
(13.4) | 45.1
(7.3) | 64.8
(18.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 33.7
(0.9) | 36.6
(2.6) | 43.8
(6.6) | 54.4
(12.4) | 64.2
(17.9) | 73.7
(23.2) | 78.5
(25.8) | 77.0
(25.0) | 69.6
(20.9) | 58.2
(14.6) | 48.3
(9.1) | 38.3
(3.5) | 56.5
(13.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 26.8
(−2.9) | 29.0
(−1.7) | 35.3
(1.8) | 45.2
(7.3) | 54.8
(12.7) | 64.5
(18.1) | 69.7
(20.9) | 68.5
(20.3) | 60.6
(15.9) | 49.5
(9.7) | 40.4
(4.7) | 31.5
(−0.3) | 48.1
(8.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −5.8
(−21.0) | 1.7
(−16.8) | 6.4
(−14.2) | 20.3
(−6.5) | 37.5
(3.1) | 46.7
(8.2) | 53.3
(11.8) | 46.8
(8.2) | 40.5
(4.7) | 29.8
(−1.2) | 15.9
(−8.9) | 2.3
(−16.5) | −5.8
(−21.0) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.27
(83) | 2.71
(69) | 3.94
(100) | 3.73
(95) | 3.85
(98) | 3.85
(98) | 4.58
(116) | 3.89
(99) | 4.08
(104) | 3.51
(89) | 3.26
(83) | 3.74
(95) | 44.41
(1,128) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.5
(17) | 8.8
(22) | 2.9
(7.4) | 0.5
(1.3) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.3
(0.76) | 3.4
(8.6) | 22.4
(57) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64.8 | 59.4 | 56.9 | 56.4 | 59.9 | 62.5 | 63.8 | 64.9 | 66.9 | 66.5 | 64.5 | 64.0 | 62.6 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 23.1
(−4.9) | 23.8
(−4.6) | 29.5
(−1.4) | 39.2
(4.0) | 50.0
(10.0) | 60.1
(15.6) | 65.2
(18.4) | 64.3
(17.9) | 58.1
(14.5) | 47.1
(8.4) | 36.9
(2.7) | 27.2
(−2.7) | 43.8
(6.6) |
| Source: PRISM | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Facilities

### Trails

There are over 10 miles (16 km) of trails, including the popular Wetland Loop Trail, a boardwalk that cross the emergent wetland, and a boardwalk that stretches out over Tinicum Marsh. Trail segments are a part of the East Coast Greenway, a 3,000 mile long system of trails connecting Maine to Florida.

### Canoeing

A 4.5-mile (7.2 km) segment of Darby Creek flows through the refuge allowing canoeists to see a variety of plants and animals.

Points of interest around the Creek's deep water lagoon are:

* The Sun Oil Company tank farm;
* The defunct Delaware County Sewer Treatment Plant;
* Action Concrete's recycling operation;
* The 62-acre (250,000 m2) Folcroft Landfill (active from 1956 to 1974), now capped and monitored;
* The historic Morton Mortensen House in Norwood's Winona Park, built in the early eighteenth century by adding to an old Swedish house built 60 years before, and believed to be the oldest man-made structure in Pennsylvania.

### Fishing

Fishing is permitted along the main dike trail and the connecting Trolley Bed trail. This area provides fishing in both the 145 acre (0.6 km2) impoundment and Darby Creek. Common fish are carp, catfish, large-mouth bass and smaller panfish. Another fishing area is near Tinicum and Prospect Park on the west side of Route 420 which provides access to the lagoon areas of the refuge. Common fish in this area are striped bass, carp, catfish, panfish, and tiger musky. However, due to the preserve's urban location, the stream has been polluted with various industrial chemicals. As a result, signs have been put into place in order to discourage the consumption of the fish that reside in the stream.

## InfoBox

| John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
| The centerpiece of John Heinz NWR is a large impoundment, containing wetland habitat with "islands" of vegetation | |
|  | |
| Location | Delaware County and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Nearest city | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 39°53′09″N 75°15′44″W / 39.885866°N 75.262356°W / 39.885866; -75.262356 |
| Area | 1,200 acres (4.9 km2) |
| Established | 1972 |
| Governing body | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
| Website | John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum |
|  | |
| U.S. National Natural Landmark | |
| Designated | 1965 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pinelands Center at Mount Misery

abstract: The Pinelands Center at Mount Misery is a Methodist retreat center and campground in Browns Mills, New Jersey in the United States. The center is located on 150 acres near Brendan T. Byrne State Forest, within the New Jersey Pine Barrens on a narrow dirt road known as "Mount Misery Road", near Route 70. Mount Misery Brook flows through this area.

text:
# Pinelands Center at Mount Misery

The **Pinelands Center at Mount Misery** (more commonly known as **Mount Misery**) is a Methodist retreat center and campground in Browns Mills, New Jersey in the United States.

The center is located on 150 acres near Brendan T. Byrne State Forest, within the New Jersey Pine Barrens on a narrow dirt road known as "Mount Misery Road", near Route 70. Mount Misery Brook flows through this area.

## Educational aspect

Some school districts in New Jersey (including Harrison Township School District and Quinton Township School District) provide field trips for students to visit Mount Misery for about one week. The Cherry Hill School District offers the Cherry Hill Environment Residency Program for students in sixth grade. At the same time, they experience camping and spending the night in their assigned cabins. The program does not involve any religious content.

39°55′18″N 74°31′30″W / 39.921544°N 74.524887°W / 39.921544; -74.524887


title: John Mazur (ice hockey)

abstract: John Mazur is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

text:
# John Mazur (ice hockey)

**John Mazur** (born June 1, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

## Career

During the 1977–78 season Mazur played one game in the World Hockey Association (WHA) with the Houston Aeros.

## InfoBox

| John Mazur | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1954-06-01) June 1, 1954
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 175 lb (79 kg; 12 st 7 lb) | | |
| Position | Left wing | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | ***WHA***
Houston Aeros
***SWHL***
El Paso Raiders
***SHL***
Winston-Salem Polar Twins
Baltimore Clippers | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 19751978 | | |


title: Pilsensee

abstract: Pilsensee is a lake in Oberbayern, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 534 m, its surface area is 1.95 km⁲.

text:
# Pilsensee

**Pilsensee** is a lake in Oberbayern, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 534 m, its surface area is 1.95 km2.

* Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004), "Pilsensee", *Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands* (in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 58

## InfoBox

| Pilsensee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Pilsensee | |
| Location | Oberbayern, Bavaria |
| Coordinates | 48°1′31″N 11°11′17″E / 48.02528°N 11.18806°E / 48.02528; 11.18806 |
| Basin countries | Germany |
|  | |
| Max. length | 2.55 km (1.58 mi) |
| Max. width | 0.76 km (0.47 mi) |
| Surface area | 1.95 km2 (0.75 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 17.1 m (56 ft) |
| Water volume | 18,095,000 m3 (639,000,000 cu ft) |
| Shore length1 | 6.5 km (4.0 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 534 m (1,752 ft) |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Pilsen Plaza

abstract: Pilsen Plaza is a 20,000-square-metre (220,000-square-foot) shopping mall and entertainment center in Plzeň, Czech Republic.

text:
# Pilsen Plaza

**Pilsen Plaza** (Czech: *Plzeň Plaza*) is a 20,000-square-metre (220,000-square-foot) shopping mall and entertainment center in Plzeň, Czech Republic.

## History

The facility was built by Israeli mall developer Plaza Centers. It opened on 5 December 2007, on the former land of Ex Plzeň, gastronomical exhibitions located just 250 metres (820 feet) from the central Náměstí Republiky.

## Features

Since 2008, it has hosted a 1,720-seat, ten-screen multiplex cinema operated by Cinema City Czech Republic.

## InfoBox

Pilsen Plaza
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Pilsen Plaza, twenty minutes before its grand opening on 5 December 2007 | |
|  | |
| Location | Plzeň, Czech Republic |
| Coordinates | 49°44′58.14″N 13°22′10.17″E / 49.7494833°N 13.3694917°E / 49.7494833; 13.3694917 |
| Opening date | 5 December 2007 |
| Developer | Plaza Center |
| Owner | Klépierre Plzeň, s.r.o. |
| Total retail floor area | 20,000 square metres (220,000 square feet) |
| Website | www.plzen-plaza.klepierre.cz |


title: Pipecuronium bromide

abstract: Pipecuronium (Arduan) is a bisquaternary aminosteroid muscle relaxant which blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. It is also an antagonist of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors and is the most potent neuromuscular blocking agent of the aminosteroid class. It is sold under the trade names Arduan and Pycuron.

text:
# Pipecuronium bromide

**Pipecuronium** (**Arduan**) is a bisquaternary aminosteroid muscle relaxant which blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. It is also an antagonist of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors and is the most potent neuromuscular blocking agent of the aminosteroid class.

It is sold under the trade names Arduan and Pycuron.

## InfoBox

Pipecuronium bromide
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Arduan |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| ATC code |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-3,17-bis(acetyloxy)-2,16-bis(4,4-dimethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)androstane dibromide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.052.475 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C35H62Br2N4O4 |
| Molar mass | 762.713 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * \[Br-\].\[Br-\].O=C(O\[C@H\]6\[C@@H\](N1CC\[N+\](C)(C)CC1)C\[C@@H\]5\[C@\]6(C)CC\[C@H\]3\[C@H\]5CC\[C@H\]4C\[C@H\](OC(=O)C)\[C@@H\](N2CC\[N+\](CC2)(C)C)C\[C@\]34C)C | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C35H62N4O4.2BrH/c1-24(40)42-32-21-26-9-10-27-28(35(26,4)23-31(32)37-15-19-39(7,8)20-16-37)11-12-34(3)29(27)22-30(33(34)43-25(2)41)36-13-17-38(5,6)18-14-36;;/h26-33H,9-23H2,1-8H3;2\*1H/q+2;;/p-2/t26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-,35-;;/m0../s1 Y * Key:TXWBOBJCRVVBJF-YTGGZNJNSA-L Y | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |


title: Pingasa tapungkanana

abstract: Pingasa tapungkanana is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Embrik Strand in 1910. It is found on Sumatra.

text:
# Pingasa tapungkanana

***Pingasa tapungkanana*** is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Embrik Strand in 1910. It is found on Sumatra.

## InfoBox

| *Pingasa tapungkanana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pingasa* |
| Species: | ***P. tapungkanana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pingasa tapungkanana***<br>(Strand, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pseudoterpna tapungkanana* Strand, 1910 | |


title: Pine Creek (British Columbia)

abstract: Pine Creek is a creek located in the Atlin Country region of British Columbia. Pine Creek flows out of Lake Surprise and empties into Atlin Lake just south of the town of Atlin. The creek is 12 miles in length. The gold bearing section is 2 miles long. This creek was staked in 1898 by Fritz Miller and Kenneth McLaren. By 1899, 3,000 prospectors stood on the banks of this creek. The largest nugget found weighed just over 48 ounces and was discovered in 1925. The creek has been worked with rockers, waterwheels, sluices and hydraulicked.

text:
# Pine Creek (British Columbia)

**Pine Creek** is a creek located in the Atlin Country region of British Columbia. Pine Creek flows out of Lake Surprise and empties into Atlin Lake just south of the town of Atlin. The creek is 12 miles in length. The gold bearing section is 2 miles long. This creek was staked in 1898 by Fritz Miller and Kenneth McLaren. By 1899, 3,000 prospectors stood on the banks of this creek. The largest nugget found weighed just over 48 ounces and was discovered in 1925. The creek has been worked with rockers, waterwheels, sluices and hydraulicked.

59°33′00″N 133°40′18″W / 59.55000°N 133.67167°W / 59.55000; -133.67167


title: John Schneider (Canadian football)

abstract: John Schneider was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played college football at the University of Toledo and is a member of their athletic hall of fame.

text:
# John Schneider (Canadian football)

**John Schneider** (born January 1, 1945) was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played college football at the University of Toledo and is a member of their athletic hall of fame (inducted 1982).

## InfoBox

John Schneider
| Born: | (1945-02-01) February 1, 1945 |
| --- | --- |
| Career information | |
| CFL status | American |
| Position(s) | QB |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) |
| Weight | 175 lb (79 kg) |
| College | Toledo |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 19681969 | Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
|  | |


title: Pitchess motion

abstract: A Pitchess motion is a request made by the defense in a California criminal case, such as a DUI case or a resisting arrest case, to access a law enforcement officer's personnel information when the defendant alleges in an affidavit that the officer used excessive force or lied about the events surrounding the defendant's arrest. The information provided will include prior incidents of use of force, allegations of excessive force, citizen complaints, and information gathered during the officer's pre-employment background investigation. The motion's name comes from the case Pitchess v. Superior Court.

text:
# Pitchess motion

A ***Pitchess* motion** is a request made by the defense in a California criminal case, such as a DUI case or a resisting arrest case, to access a law enforcement officer's personnel information when the defendant alleges in an affidavit that the officer used excessive force or lied about the events surrounding the defendant's arrest. The information provided will include prior incidents of use of force, allegations of excessive force, citizen complaints, and information gathered during the officer's pre-employment background investigation. The motion's name comes from the case *Pitchess v. Superior Court*.

## *Pitchess v. Superior Court*

In March 1972 César Echeverría and others were charged with felony battery against four deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff, Peter J. Pitchess. Echeverria asserted that he acted in self-defense in response to excessive force; immediately following the incident, he was in an intensive care unit, and the officers themselves had sustained no serious injuries. Echeverria requested records of internal investigations into police misconduct, which the trial court granted, but the administrative services bureau refused to cooperate, so a *subpoena duces tecum* directed the sheriff to produce the information.

Sheriff Pitchess sought a writ of mandate to compel the Los Angeles County Superior Court to quash its subpoena. Thus in *Pitchess v. Superior Court*, Sheriff Pitchess and his administrative staff are the case's petitioners, and the Superior Court is the respondent, with César Echeverría as the real party in interest.

The petition was unusual, as it came directly from the county sheriff and so the Court of Appeals readily agreed to hear the petition.

The Court found, however, that although such records could be classified as discoverable by García, they had to contain complaints that were sustained by the police department itself before they could be provided. In other words, the police department must have a record of a deputy's propensity for or acts of abuse that were substantiated by the department itself.

García then petitioned the State Supreme Court to uphold the subpoena, which it did in a 7-0 ruling.

The *Pitchess* motion is now one of the 15 or 20 most common motions filed in criminal court in California.

A defendant's right to information about alleged officer misconduct or dishonesty thus providing information for witness impeachment has since been established by statute in California in sections 1043 to 1047 of the California Evidence Code.

## Procedure

The motion can be made by a criminal defendant to discover complaints made against a police officer, and the investigation of those complaints, such that they are contained in the officer's personnel records. The motions can be made in a California Superior Court under California Evidence Code 1043-1046. Notwithstanding the broad nature of the discovery that the associated court rule and statute provide, getting records can be problematic.

A *Pitchess* motion contains numerous parts. A defendant must identify the case in which the records are being sought, which is easily satisfied by simply referencing the case number. A defendant must attach a full set of the police reports or at least those portions of the police report that relate to the *Pitchess* motion. The defendant must identify which officer or officers whose records are sought and which government agency has custody of the records. The defendant must also describe, via affidavit or declaration, the records and explain why the records are relevant. The defense must prove there is "good cause" to release the records. Explaining why good cause exists, and why the records are relevant often discloses a defense lawyer's strategy in a criminal case. Thus, courts will allow a defense attorney to file this portion of the motion under seal so that only the judge can review it. The defendant must also prove that the agency that has custody of the records has received notice of the motion.

In California, there is a carefully prescribed procedure governing *Pitchess* motions. Evidence obtained from one *Pitchess* motion cannot be used in a different case, absent a court order. When a court grants a defendant's *Pitchess* motion, the court is required to order that the records may not be used for any other proceeding. The statutory scheme was developed, in part, because law enforcement departments had developed a practice of purging their files concerning misconduct claims made against their officers.

## Disclosure

When courts grant *Pitchess* motions, courts generally refuse to disclose verbatim reports or records from peace officer personnel files. Instead, courts typically order the law enforcement agency to reveal the name, address, and telephone number of any prior complainants and/or witnesses as well as the dates of the incidents in question. The defense can obtain copies of the verbatim reports under certain circumstances. If the defense can show that the witnesses cannot be found, the witnesses cannot recall what they said, or the witnesses refuse to talk with the defense, the defense can obtain copies of the full reports.

## Citations

## General and cited sources

* Special Litigation Division (January 2012). "Brady v. Maryland Outline" (PDF). The Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2014.


title: Pinus massoniana

abstract: Pinus massoniana is a species of pine, native to Taiwan, a wide area of central and southern China, and northern Vietnam.

text:
# Pinus massoniana

***Pinus massoniana*** (English: **Masson's pine**, **Chinese red pine**, **horsetail pine**; Chinese: 馬尾松) is a species of pine, native to Taiwan, a wide area of central and southern China, and northern Vietnam.

## Description

It is an evergreen tree reaching 25–45 metres (82–148 feet) in height, with a broad, rounded crown of long branches. The bark is thick, grayish-brown, and scaly plated at the base of the trunk, and orange-red, thin, and flaking higher on the trunk. The leaves are needle-like, dark green, with two per fascicle, 12–20 centimetres (4+12–8 inches) long and 0.8–1 millimetre (132364 in) wide, the persistent fascicle sheath 1.5–2 cm (5834 in) long. The cones are ovoid, 4–7 cm (1+582+34 in) long, chestnut-brown, opening when mature in late winter to 4–6 cm (1+582+38 in) broad. The seeds are winged, 4–6 mm (53214 in) long with a 10–15 mm (38916 in) wing. Pollination occurs in mid-spring, with the cones maturing 18–20 months after.

## Distribution and habitat

It is native to Taiwan, a wide area of central and southern China including Hong Kong, and northern Vietnam, growing at low to moderate altitudes, mostly below 1,500 m (4,900 ft) but rarely up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level.

## Ecology

In the 1970s and 80s, the Pinewood nematode from North America and pine-needle scale insect from Taiwan, together virtually eliminated the native *Pinus massoniana* in Hong Kong.

## Fossil record

A fossil seed cone and several needles of *Pinus massoniana* have been described from the upper Miocene Wenshan flora, Yunnan, SW China. The fossils most resemble the variety *P. massoniana var. hainanensis*, which is a tropical montane thermophilic tree restricted to Hainan Island in southern China.

## Uses

The species is a common tree used in plantation forestry for replacing or compensating for the loss of the natural forest in southern China. Chinese rosin is obtained mainly from the turpentine of *P. massoniana* and slash pine (*P. elliottii*).

Logs are mainly used to make pulp for paper industry.

Leaves are used to give special smoke flavor to a local black tea, such as Lapsang souchong of Fujian.

## Habit

## InfoBox

| Masson's pine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | *Pinus* |
| Subgenus: | *P.* subg. *Pinus* |
| Section: | *P. sect. Pinus* |
| Subsection: | *P. subsect. Pinus* |
| Species: | ***P. massoniana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pinus massoniana***
Lamb. | |
|


title: John Lloyd (brigadier)

abstract: Brigadier John Edward Lloyd, was a senior Australian Army officer who fought in the First and Second World Wars. Lloyd was commissioned in the Citizens Military Force in January 1914 and, following the outbreak of the First World War, served at Gallipoli and later on the Western Front in France and Belgium. He was wounded during his service. Lloyd held the rank of major in the Australian Imperial Force when he was appointed a lieutenant on probation with the British Indian Army on 25 March 1918. He was confirmed in his appointment on 25 March 1919. He was posted to the 2nd Battalion 35th Sikhs and appointed adjutant. He was promoted captain on 15 September 1919. After the disbandment of the 2nd Battalion 35th Sikhs, Lloyd was posted to the 1st Battalion 30th Punjabis. The regiment was stationed in Lahore when he was appointed Staff Captain, Lahore District on 5 August 1921. Lloyd retired from the Indian Army with a gratuity as a captain on 18 August 1922. He moved to Western Australia and, after working as a farmer and administrative clerk, rejoined the Citizens Military Force in 1936. From 1939 to 1940 he commanded the 16th Battalion, being reassigned to the 2/28th Battalion in 1940, which he led for two years in the North African Campaign, before commanding the 16th Brigade from 1942 to 1943 in New Guinea. At war's end, Lloyd led the 2nd Australian Prisoner of War Reception Group in the recovery and repatriation of 11,000 Australian prisoners of war in Southeast Asia.

text:
# John Lloyd (brigadier)

Brigadier **John Edward Lloyd**, CBE, DSO, MC & Bar (13 April 1894 – 24 December 1965) was a senior Australian Army officer who fought in the First and Second World Wars.

Lloyd was commissioned in the Citizens Military Force in January 1914 and, following the outbreak of the First World War, served at Gallipoli and later on the Western Front in France and Belgium. He was wounded during his service.

Lloyd held the rank of major in the Australian Imperial Force when he was appointed a lieutenant on probation with the British Indian Army on 25 March 1918. He was confirmed in his appointment on 25 March 1919. He was posted to the 2nd Battalion 35th Sikhs and appointed adjutant. He was promoted captain on 15 September 1919. After the disbandment of the 2nd Battalion 35th Sikhs, Lloyd was posted to the 1st Battalion 30th Punjabis. The regiment was stationed in Lahore when he was appointed Staff Captain, Lahore District on 5 August 1921.

Lloyd retired from the Indian Army with a gratuity as a captain on 18 August 1922. He moved to Western Australia and, after working as a farmer and administrative clerk, rejoined the Citizens Military Force in 1936.

From 1939 to 1940 he commanded the 16th Battalion, being reassigned to the 2/28th Battalion in 1940, which he led for two years in the North African Campaign, before commanding the 16th Brigade from 1942 to 1943 in New Guinea. At war's end, Lloyd led the 2nd Australian Prisoner of War Reception Group in the recovery and repatriation of 11,000 Australian prisoners of war in Southeast Asia.

* Howard, Keith D. (2000). "Lloyd, John Edward (1894–1965)". *Australian Dictionary of Biography*. Vol. 15. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 28 January 2017.

## InfoBox

| John Edward Lloyd | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-04-13)13 April 1894
Ascot Vale, Victoria |
| Died | 24 December 1965(1965-12-24) (aged 71)
Mayanup, Western Australia |
| Allegiance | Australia
United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Australian Army
British Indian Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1922
1936–1945 |
| Rank | Brigadier |
| Commands | 2nd Australian Prisoner of War Reception Group (1945)
16th Brigade (1942–43)
2/28th Battalion (1940–42)
16th Battalion (1939–40) |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards | Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order
Military Cross & Bar
Mentioned in Despatches (2) |


title: John Lloyd (journalist)

abstract: John Nicol Fortune Lloyd is a British journalist who is currently contributing editor at the Financial Times and an Associate Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford.

text:
# John Lloyd (journalist)

**John Nicol Fortune Lloyd** (born 15 April 1946) is a British journalist who is currently contributing editor at the *Financial Times* and an Associate Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford.

## Background

Lloyd was born and raised in Anstruther, Fife, by his grandparents and his mother, a beautician. He was educated at Waid Academy in the town and, after spending a short period working as a caddie in Canada, attended the University of Edinburgh, where he graduated with an upper-second class MA (Hons) degree in English literature in 1967.

## Career

Lloyd was initially employed as a writer for the alternative press, contributing articles to publications such as *Ink* and the London listings magazine *Time Out*, where he worked in the news section as Belfast correspondent. In 1976, he was hired as a producer for the London Weekend Television current-affairs programme *Weekend World*, and the following year he embarked on a twenty-year career working for the *Financial Times*: having begun as an industrial reporter and labour correspondent (covering, among other things, the Miners' Strike of 1984–5), he later became East European editor and then, from 1991 to 1995, Moscow correspondent. Lloyd left the *Financial Times* in 1986 upon being made editor of the *New Statesman*, but returned there after only one year. He was latterly a columnist for *The Times* from 1997 to 1998, and returned to the *New Statesman* as a contributor and associate editor from 1996 to 2003. In 2006, he co-founded the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford.

Lloyd is a member of the advisory board of the Moscow School of Political Studies. He has won awards for his journalism, including Specialist Writer of the Year in the British Press Awards and Journalist of the Year in the Granada *What the Papers* Say Awards.

His books include *Loss Without Limit: The British Miners' Strike* (with Martin Adeney, 1985); *Rebirth of a Nation: An Anatomy of Russia* (1998), *What the Media Are Doing to Our Politics* (2004), *Reporting the EU: News, Media and the European Institutions* (with Cristina Marconi, 2014), 'The Power and the Story' (2017) and *Should Auld Alliance Be Forgot: The Great Mistake of Scottish Independence* (2020).

## Personal life

Lloyd is married with one son, the actor Jacob Fortune-Lloyd, from a previous marriage.


title: John Lloyd (civil servant)

abstract: John Wilson Lloyd CB was formerly Clerk to the National Assembly for Wales from its inception in 1999 until his retirement in March 2001 and acted as the principal adviser to the Presiding Officer and was responsible for all the services which are delivered to Assembly Members through the Assembly Parliamentary Service (APS). Before becoming clerk Lloyd was deputy secretary at the Welsh Office and in 2002 was appointed to the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.

text:
# John Lloyd (civil servant)

**John Wilson Lloyd** CB (born 24 December 1940) was formerly Clerk to the National Assembly for Wales from its inception in 1999 until his retirement in March 2001 and acted as the principal adviser to the Presiding Officer and was responsible for all the services which are delivered to Assembly Members through the Assembly Parliamentary Service (APS).

Before becoming clerk Lloyd was deputy secretary at the Welsh Office and in 2002 was appointed to the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.

## Offices held


title: John Lloyd (rector of Caerwys)

abstract: John Lloyd was a Welsh cleric and antiquarian.

text:
# John Lloyd (rector of Caerwys)

**John Lloyd** (baptised 26 March 1733 – 22 May 1793) was a Welsh cleric and antiquarian.

## Life

Lloyd was christened in Llanarmon-yn-Iâl, Denbighshire. As a boy, he was nicknamed "the flower of Llanarmon". He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating in July 1753. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1757, having already been ordained in 1756. In 1761, he became curate at Caerwys, remaining there even after being appointed to the parish of Nannerch in 1774. In 1778, Lloyd became rector of Caerwys (the living at Nannerch being given to someone else) and he then remained in Caerwys until his death on 22 May 1793.

He married Martha in 1769; one of their children was the antiquarian Angharad Llwyd and another, Llweyn, was himself rector of Nannerch from 1810 to 1841. In addition to his church duties, Lloyd had an interest in scholarship. He helped to prepare the *Myvyrian Archaiology* and was acknowledged by Thomas Pennant in the preface to his *Tours of Wales* as "my worthy and constant attendant in all my excursions."


title: John Sentongo

abstract: John Makula Sentongo is a Ugandan former boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. At the 1960 Summer Olympics, he received a bye in the Round of 64, but lost in the Round of 32 to Brunon Bendig of Poland.

text:
# John Sentongo

**John Makula Sentongo** (born 1 August 1938) is a Ugandan former boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. At the 1960 Summer Olympics, he received a bye in the Round of 64, but lost in the Round of 32 to Brunon Bendig of Poland.

## InfoBox

John Sentongo
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Ugandan |
| Born | (1938-08-01) 1 August 1938<br>Kibuye, Uganda |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Boxing |