title: French destroyer Vauban

abstract: The French destroyer Vauban was one of six Guépard-class destroyers (contre-torpilleurs) built for the French Navy during the 1920s. After France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 during World War II, Vauban served with the navy of Vichy France. She was among the ships of the French fleet scuttled at Toulon, France, on 27 November 1942. Her wreck later was salvaged and scrapped.

text:
# French destroyer Vauban

The **French destroyer *Vauban*** was one of six *Guépard*-class destroyers (*contre-torpilleurs*) built for the French Navy during the 1920s.

After France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 during World War II, *Vauban* served with the navy of Vichy France. She was among the ships of the French fleet scuttled at Toulon, France, on 27 November 1942. Her wreck later was salvaged and scrapped.

* Cernuschi, Enrico & O'Hara, Vincent P. (2013). "Toulon: The Self-Destruction and Salvage of the French Fleet". In Jordan, John (ed.). *Warship 2013*. London: Conway. pp. 134–148. ISBN 978-1-84486-205-4.
* Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946*. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
* Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2015). *French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d'Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922–1956*. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-198-4.
* Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). *Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two* (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
* Whitley, M. J. (1988). *Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.

## InfoBox

| *Vauban* in 1937 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| France | |
| Name | *Vauban* |
| Namesake | Marshal of France Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban |
| Builder | Ateliers et Chantiers de France |
| Launched | 1 February 1930 |
| Completed | 9 January 1931 |
| Fate | Scuttled, 27 November 1942 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Displacement |  |
| Length | 130.2 m (427 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 11.5 m (37 ft 9 in) |
| Draft | 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts; 2 geared steam turbines |
| Speed | 35.5 knots (65.7 km/h; 40.9 mph) |
| Range | 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph) |
| Crew | 12 officers, 224 crewmen (wartime) |
| Armament |  |


title: Tiefenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate

abstract: Tiefenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern. Today's Tiefenbach grew together from two centres named Untertiefenbach and Obertiefenbach.

text:
# Tiefenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate

**Tiefenbach** is an *Ortsgemeinde* – a municipality belonging to a *Verbandsgemeinde*, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the *Verbandsgemeinde* Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern. Today's Tiefenbach grew together from two centres named Untertiefenbach and Obertiefenbach.

## Geography

### Location

The municipality lies in the Hunsrück roughly 5 km south of Simmern and 9 km east of Kirchberg. To the east and south lies the Soonwald, a heavily wooded section of the west-central Hunsrück.

## History

Tiefenbach's early history is linked with the Wildburg (castle), which had its first documentary mention in 1253. Later, Tiefenbach, which lay at the northern foot of the Soonwald, was part of Palatinate-Simmern, which in 1556 introduced the Reformation. In 1673, the village passed to the Electorate of the Palatinate. Beginning in 1794, Tiefenbach lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. In 1912, a Catholic chapel was built. After the First World War, the village was once again occupied by the French for a time. In the 1930s, the local ore mine, "Märkerei", was shut down. Since 1946, Tiefenbach has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. In 1961, the Evangelical church was built.

In 1921, Tiefenbach was linked to the railway network, complete with a station. This line, running between Simmern and Gemünden, was abandoned in 1963; by 1965, all the tracks had been torn up. Until 2006, there was still a viaduct on the former line, but this had by then fallen into such disrepair that it was decided to demolish it with explosives. The old railway embankment northeast of Tiefenbach has, however, been preserved. The last road underpass on this embankment was demolished in 2009.

## Politics

### Municipal council

The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:

|  | FWG
Tiefenbach | WG
Vogler | other | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 8 | 4 | - | 12 seats |
| 2004 | - | - | 12 | 12 seats |

### Mayor

Tiefenbach's mayor is Thorsten Fuchs.

### Coat of arms

The municipality's arms might be described thus: A closet and an endorse, couped at the upper end at the closet, Or between, in dexter, sable an arming buckle argent and in sinister sable a lion rampant of the first armed and langued gules, in chief bendy lozengy of the third and azure with a hammer and pick per saltire to dexter of the second.

The top of the escutcheon bears the "bendy lozengy" pattern (that is, slanted diamonds) once also borne by the Electorate of the Palatinate. This is charged with a hammer and pick, which stand for the iron mining formerly done here. The Palatine Lion on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side is likewise a reference to the village's former allegiance to the Electorate of the Palatinate. The silver buckle on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side stands for the Barons of Schmidtburg, waldgraves who had several holdings in the village.

The arms have been borne since 22 September 1980.

## Culture and sightseeing

### Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments:

* Hauptstraße – bakehouse (*Duhle Backes*), one-floor plastered building, 19th century
* Hauptstraße 9 – timber-frame house, partly solid or slated, 19th century
* Hauptstraße 10 – timber-frame house, half-hipped roof, first third of the 19th century
* Hauptstraße 28 – estate complex along the street; timber-frame, partly solid or slated, latter half of the 19th century, timber-frame barn, partly solid, late 19th century

Tiefenbach also has two churches, a Madonna figure standing on the slope, an old ore mine and the Wildburg (castle).

### Village life

The *Wildburghalle* was built in 1988 as a multipurpose hall. Several clubs, among them the sport club, a motor sport club and the volunteer fire brigade, shape social and cultural life in the village. Also, there is an Evangelical kindergarten.

## Economy and infrastructure

### Tourism

The *Schinderhannes-Soonwald-Radweg* (cycle path) from Gemünden to Simmern runs through the village. Farther away is the newly blazed *Soonwaldsteig* hiking trail.

## Further reading

* Fritz Schellack, "Chronik Tiefenbach", Herausgeber: Ortsgemeinde Tiefenbach, Böhmer Druck Service, Tiefenbach/Simmern 2007

## InfoBox

| Tiefenbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Tiefenbach within Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis district | |
| Tiefenbach Tiefenbach | |
| Coordinates: 49°56′17″N 7°32′44″E / 49.93806°N 7.54556°E / 49.93806; 7.54556 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis |
| Municipal assoc. | Simmern-Rheinböllen |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Thorsten Fuchs |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.79 km2 (2.24 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 361 m (1,184 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 759 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 55471 |
| Dialling codes | 06761 |
| Vehicle registration | SIM |


title: Friends of Mount Athos

abstract: The Friends of Mount Athos (FoMA) is a society formed in 1990 by people who shared a common interest for the monasteries of Mount Athos. It is a registered charity in the United Kingdom.

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# Friends of Mount Athos

The **Friends of Mount Athos** (FoMA) is a society formed in 1990 by people who shared a common interest for the monasteries of Mount Athos. It is a registered charity in the United Kingdom (Registered Charity No. 1047287).

## People

Timothy Ware, Metropolitan Kallistos of Diokleia, was the President of the society. Graham Speake, one of the founders, is the chairman of the society. Among its members are the late Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and King Charles III, of the United Kingdom, who is the royal patron of the society.

## Footpath maintenance and mapping

As a service to the monasteries and to pilgrims, the society clears and maintains the ancient footpaths of Mount Athos, with many of the stone-paved kalderimi paths dating back to the Byzantine era. It also provides on its website detailed footpath descriptions with GPS tracks, and a regularly updated report on the condition of the paths. FoMA member and cartographer, Peter Howorth of Christchurch, New Zealand, working with the society's footpath team, has recently published a new Pilgrim Map.

## Publications

Among the society's publications are its annual bulletin (*Friends of Mount Athos Annual Report*) offering articles, book reviews and other features related to Mount Athos. Past issues are available from the society's web site. It also publishes *A Pilgrim's Guide to Mount Athos* in both printed and continuously updated digital forms.

## InfoBox

Friends of Mount Athos
| Formation | 1990 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Registered charity |
| Registration no. | 1047287 |
| Location |  |
| President | Timothy Ware, Metropolitan Kallistos of Diokleia |


title: Friends of Nature

abstract: Friends of Nature is a non-profit organisation with a background in the social democratic movement, which aims to make the enjoyment of nature accessible to the wider community by providing appropriate recreational and travel facilities. It encourages sustainable tourism and international friendship. It is also known as Naturfreunde (German), Les Amis de la Nature (French), Amici della Natura (Italian), La Naturamikoj (Esperanto), and Natuurvrienden or NIVON (Dutch).

text:
# Friends of Nature

**Friends of Nature** (international abbreviation: **NFI**, for German: **Naturfreunde International**) is a non-profit organisation with a background in the social democratic movement, which aims to make the enjoyment of nature accessible to the wider community by providing appropriate recreational and travel facilities. It encourages sustainable tourism and international friendship.

It is also known as *Naturfreunde* (German), *Les Amis de la Nature* (French), *Amici della Natura* (Italian), *La Naturamikoj* (Esperanto), and *Natuurvrienden* or NIVON (Dutch).

## Background

The *International Friends of Nature* (IFN), based in Vienna, is the umbrella organisation of the national Friends of Nature federations.

Publications of the various sections include a handbook detailing all the houses and magazines published by various sections (such as Naturefriends - Great Britain - Bulletin, Les Amis de La Nature, La Migranto – in Esperanto by "Esperantistoj Naturamikoj" etc.).

### Tradition

The Friends of Nature organisation was founded in Vienna in 1895. The group was founded by three activists, Karl Renner, a law student and future President of Austria, Georg Schmiedl, a schoolteacher, and Alois Rohrauer, a blacksmith. In the age of incipient tourism, the organisation succeeded in making nature accessible to broader population strata by providing requisite recreational and travel facilities.

The organisation was banned by the Nazis in 1933, but revived in 1945 after the Second World War.

### Commitment to sustainable development

International environmental campaigns, such as "100,000 Trees for Europe" or "Blue Rivers for Europe" are intended to enhance environmental awareness in Europe and to offer members opportunities to take action in the interest of the environment. In 1995, the Friends of Nature set up the "Institute for Integrative Tourism". The "Manifesto for a New Europe" (1993) and the "Manifesto for a Social, Ecological and Peaceful Future" (1996) proposals submitted to the Inter-governmental Conference of the European Union, and the "Green Paper - The Alps" are examples of international lobbying by the Friends of Nature.

### Friends of Nature worldwide

With 350,000 members organised in approximately 45 member organisations, the Friends of Nature are among the biggest non-profit and non-governmental organisations worldwide. They provide environmentally sound travel programmes for their members and run over 700 Nature Friends Houses mainly in Europe. The houses vary in size and facilities.

### International Young Nature friends

In the 1970s, a group of young members of four Nature friends' organisations (Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands) created a youth umbrella to network and support youth work in the movement. The organisation was formalised and has extended to current 26 member and partner organisations. The organisation was officially funded in 1975 with the first Secretary General Jochem Zimmer from Germany.

The International Young Nature friends (IYNF) cooperated and were supported by the Council of Europe's Directorate Youth and Sport. In 2002, after more than ten years of seating in Brussels, the office of IYNF was moved to Prague, Czech Republic where the Secretariat of IYNF is currently located.

IYNF is a founding member of the European Youth Forum where Young Nature friends belonged to the socialist family or the family of non-formal education organisations.

International Young Nature friends provides trainings and international activities to the members of its network on different topics every year. They are also active in international conference such as the COP of the UNFCCC, actively lobbying for the interests of the young people of both Europe and beyond, concerned with environmental issues, social justice and the climatic change.


title: Mayfield City School District

abstract: Mayfield City School District is a public school district in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The district serves four communities in the Greater Cleveland area, which previously comprised Mayfield Township: Gates Mills, Highland Heights, Mayfield Heights, and Mayfield Village. The district's six schools are Mayfield High School; Mayfield Middle School; and Center, Gates Mills, Lander and Millridge elementary schools. The district also operates consortium programs for students from neighboring school districts, including the Cuyahoga East Vocational Education Consortium (CEVEC) and Excel TECC, which provide occupational and technical training.

text:
# Mayfield City School District

**Mayfield City School District** is a public school district in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The district serves four communities in the Greater Cleveland area, which previously comprised Mayfield Township: Gates Mills, Highland Heights, Mayfield Heights, and Mayfield Village.

The district's six schools are Mayfield High School; Mayfield Middle School; and Center, Gates Mills, Lander and Millridge elementary schools. The district also operates consortium programs for students from neighboring school districts, including the Cuyahoga East Vocational Education Consortium (CEVEC) and Excel TECC, which provide occupational and technical training.


title: Mayfield Cottage

abstract: Mayfield Cottage is a historic plantation house located near the grounds of Central State Hospital near Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia. Believed to be the oldest existing brick house in Dinwiddie County, it was built around 1750 and the residence of Robert Ruffin until 1769, when he moved to King William County. From 1885, the property was used by the hospital for its headquarters. The house remained part of the hospital complex until 1969. It was moved from its original site about.5 miles (0.80 km) to the southeast of the present site in 1969.

text:
# Mayfield Cottage

**Mayfield Cottage** is a historic plantation house located near the grounds of Central State Hospital near Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia. Believed to be the oldest existing brick house in Dinwiddie County, it was built around 1750 and the residence of Robert Ruffin until 1769, when he moved to King William County. From 1885, the property was used by the hospital for its headquarters. The house remained part of the hospital complex until 1969. It was moved from its original site about .5 miles (0.80 km) to the southeast of the present site in 1969.

## History

Built about 1750, the 1+12-story brick Colonial era mansion features a jerkin-head roof, distinctive interior woodwork, and classic Virginia style Flemish bond masonry.

Shortly after the American Revolutionary War, William Digges Sr. lived at Mayfield and advertised for overseers for his Denbigh Plantation downstream in Warwick County (which near Yorktown was damaged during that conflict). He advertized Mayfield plantation, described as including 400 acres, for sale in November 1784. The following year, William Digges Jr. and Dudley Digges Jr. advertised for sale between 600 and 800 acres near New-Port-News.

Although many Dinwiddie County records are lost, it was owned by Thomas Tabb Bolling who died in 1810. His son Thomas Radford Bolling, who had been born in the house in 1797, probably inherited it. However, in 1816 it was insured by Edward Osborne Goodwyn, who passed it to his sister, who died in 1847 and bequeathed it to her daughter Mrs. Eliza Whitworth Willson. In 1882, Henry Chamberlayne Willson and his wife Eliza sold the house and 290 acres including a granite quarry to the city of Petersburg. In accordance with special legislation passed by the Virginia General Assembly, it was accepted by the board of trustees of the Central Lunatic Asylum as the site of their future hospital.

During the Confederate Army's final attempts to defend Petersburg in 1865, defensive lines Fort Whitworth and Fort Gregg were on Mayfield property, and captured by Federal troops on April 2, 1865.

Although the Mayfield mansion lost some interior partitions in the intervening decades, much of architectural significance remained, although the building itself had been obscured by institutional buildings of the hospital complex until recent times.

Mayfield Cottage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mayfield Cottage | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Central State Hospital Grounds, near Petersburg, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 37°12′50″N 77°26′52″W / 37.21389°N 77.44778°W / 37.21389; -77.44778 |
| Area | 4.7 acres (1.9 ha) |
| Built | c. 1750 (1750) |
| Architectural style | Colonial |
| NRHP reference No. | 69000236 |
| VLR No. | 026-0027 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 12, 1969 |
| Designated VLR | May 13, 1969 |


title: McDull, the Alumni

abstract: McDull, the Alumni is a 2006 Hong Kong live action/animated film directed by Samson Chiu. It is the third film adaptation of the popular McDull comic book series, following My Life as McDull, and McDull, Prince de la Bun. The film features a large ensemble cast of many of Hong Kong's cinematic icons. The third film in the series finds McDull and his friends satirically exploring different roles in society.

text:
# McDull, the Alumni

***McDull, the Alumni*** (Chinese: 春田花花同學會; pinyin: *chūn tián huā huā tóng xué hùi*) is a 2006 Hong Kong live action/animated film directed by Samson Chiu. It is the third film adaptation of the popular *McDull* comic book series, following *My Life as McDull*, and *McDull, Prince de la Bun*. The film features a large ensemble cast of many of Hong Kong's cinematic icons.

The third film in the series finds McDull and his friends satirically exploring different roles in society.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| McDull, da Alumni
(春田花花同學會) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Samson Chiu |
| Written by | Brian Tse |
| Produced by | Peter Chan
Brian Tse |
| Production
company | Morgan & Chan Films |
| Distributed by | Sil-Metropole Organisation |
| Release date | * 26 January 2006 (2006-01-26) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Language | Cantonese |


title: Fresh 15 Road Race

abstract: The FRESH 15 Road Race is a USATF-certified 15-kilometer (9.3 mi) road race in Tyler, TX, United States. The race draws runners from all over the region and the nation. The race day also includes a 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) race and the Lil FRESHie 1k, a race for kids ages 12 and under. The FRESH 15 is produced by Tyler, Texas-based regional grocery chain Brookshire Grocery Co. The first FRESH 15 was held March 1, 2014. The race is traditionally held on the first Saturday in March. The race is sponsored by consumer product goods companies, including Hormel Foods, Dannon, Keebler Company, Kellogg's, UNFI and Muscle Milk as well as local companies and community organizations. A signature piece of the event is the legendary FRESH 15 "swag bag" consisting of a grocery bag full of snacks, coupons and other goodies given to all participants. The race supports multiple local charities and non-profit organizations by giving 100% of race revenue to local charities. The FRESH 15 has raised more than $1.5 million for charity. The race draws a large crowd and gives out cash prizes to winners. Current Course Records: Male | 43:22 - Raymond Magut & Female | 47:30 - Caroline Kipkirui

text:
# Fresh 15 Road Race

The **FRESH 15 Road Race** is a USATF-certified 15-kilometer (9.3 mi) road race in Tyler, TX, United States. The race draws runners from all over the region and the nation. The race day also includes a 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) race and the Lil FRESHie 1k, a race for kids ages 12 and under (0.62 mi).

The FRESH 15 is produced by Tyler, Texas-based regional grocery chain Brookshire Grocery Co.

The first FRESH 15 was held March 1, 2014. The race is traditionally held on the first Saturday in March. The race is sponsored by consumer product goods companies, including Hormel Foods, Dannon, Keebler Company, Kellogg's, UNFI and Muscle Milk as well as local companies and community organizations. A signature piece of the event is the legendary FRESH 15 "swag bag" consisting of a grocery bag full of snacks, coupons and other goodies given to all participants.

The race supports multiple local charities and non-profit organizations by giving 100% of race revenue to local charities. The FRESH 15 has raised more than $1.5 million for charity.

The race draws a large crowd and gives out cash prizes to winners.

|  | Race Day |
| --- | --- |
| Year 1 | Saturday, March 1, 2014 |
| Year 2 | Saturday, March 7, 2015 |
| Year 3 | Saturday, March 5, 2016 |
| Year 4 | Saturday, March 4, 2017 |
| Year 5 | Saturday, March 3, 2018 |
| Year 6 | Saturday, March 2, 2019 |
| Year 7 | Saturday, March 7, 2020 |
| Year 8 | Saturday, May 15, 2021 |
| Year 9 | Saturday, March 5, 2022 |
| Year 10 | Saturday, March 4, 2023 |
| Year 11 | Saturday, March 2, 2024 |

Current Course Records: Male | 43:22 - Raymond Magut & Female | 47:30 - Caroline Kipkirui

## InfoBox

| Fresh 15 Road Race | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | March 7, 2020 |
| Location | Tyler, TX |
| Event type | Road |
| Distance | 15K, 5K, Kids 1K |
| Established | 2014 |
| Course records | Men: 44:39 Women: 48:41 |
| Official site | www.fresh15k.com |


title: Meadow River

abstract: The Meadow River is a tributary of the Gauley River, making its headwaters in Greenbrier County and terminating in Nicholas County of West Virginia. It is named for the grassy meadows wetlands which its upper watershed drains, and from which it springs.

text:
# Meadow River

The **Meadow River** is a tributary of the Gauley River, making its headwaters in Greenbrier County and terminating in Nicholas County of West Virginia. It is named for the grassy meadows wetlands which its upper watershed drains, and from which it springs.

## Course

Formed at the confluence of Eagle Branch and Callahan Branch, and flowing generally southeast to northwest, it passes Rupert, Charmco, and Rainelle. Major tributaries include Methodist Branch, Otter Creek, Little Clear Creek, Big Clear Creek, Mill Creek, Laurel Creek, Meadow Creek, Brackens Creek, Young's Creek, Glade Creek, Hendricks Creek and Dogwood Creek, before reaching its mouth at the Gauley River at Carnifex Ferry, West Virginia. The river flows a total of 53 miles (85 km), mostly within the Meadow River Wildlife Management Area. The lower 5 miles (8.0 km) is within the Gauley River National Recreation Area. The river drains 365 square miles (950 km2).

Via the Gauley, New, Kanawha and Ohio Rivers, it becomes a part of the Mississippi River watershed.

## History

In 1858 a dam was proposed near the present day site of the town of Rainelle, between Big Sewell and Laurel Mountains. It was never built.

## Whitewater paddling below Rainelle

The 15 miles (24 km) stretch between Rainelle, WV and Russelville features class III, IV, and a touch of class V in high water. After a flatwater stretch the river reaches the town of Nallen. Immediately below Nallen features mostly class III and IV water for the next 5 miles (8.0 km) running up to the U.S. 19 bridge. The final lower section below the U.S. 19 bridge to the confluence of the Gauley River is arguably the most difficult whitewater river in West Virginia. This class V+ section has an extreme gradient and severely undercut rocks—claiming the lives of three experienced paddlers since records began to be kept.

Rapids include:

* Put In (Class III+)
* Rites of Passage (Class IV+)
* Hells Gates (Class 5.2)
* Brink of Disaster (Class 5.0)
* Coming Home Sweet Jesus (Class 5.3)
* Sieve City (Class 5.0)
* Heavy Water (Class IV)
* Lets Make a Deal (Class IV+)
* First and Second Island (Class V)
* Sliding Board (Class IV+)
* Double Undercut (Class 5.1)

## InfoBox

| Meadow River | |
| --- | --- |
| Meadow River at Russellville in July 2014 | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| Counties | Greenbrier, Nicholas |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Eagle Branch |
| location | Little Sewell Mountain, Greenbrier County, WV |
| coordinates | 37°46′54″N 080°42′26″W / 37.78167°N 80.70722°W / 37.78167; -80.70722 |
|  | |
|  | |
| 2nd source | Callahan Branch |
| location | Bennett's Mountain, Greenbrier County, WV |
|  | |
|  | |
| Source confluence | Grassy Meadows, West Virginia |
| location | Greenbrier County, WV |
| coordinates | 37°53′38″N 080°42′17″W / 37.89389°N 80.70472°W / 37.89389; -80.70472 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Gauley River |
| location | Carnifex Ferry, WV |
| coordinates | 38°11′36″N 080°56′40″W / 38.19333°N 80.94444°W / 38.19333; -80.94444 |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Carnifex Ferry |
|  | |


title: Friendship bench

abstract: The Friendship Bench programme is a Zimbabwean community-based mental health intervention where trained community health workers sit on wooden park "Friendship Benches" set up at primary health care clinics or safe community spaces and provide structured problem-solving talk therapy to community members who come looking for mental health support or are referred by nurses or other community members. The programme was founded by Dixon Chibanda in 2006, and was developed over a 20-year period of community-based research to bridge the mental health treatment gap. Friendship Bench offers what has been seen as an effective, simple, cost-effective option to provide evidence-based mental health care in under-resourced settings.

text:
# Friendship bench

The **Friendship Bench** programme is a Zimbabwean community-based mental health intervention where trained community health workers (known as "grandmothers") sit on wooden park "Friendship Benches" set up at primary health care clinics or safe community spaces and provide structured problem-solving talk therapy to community members who come looking for mental health support or are referred by nurses or other community members.

The programme was founded by Dixon Chibanda in 2006, and was developed over a 20-year period of community-based research to bridge the mental health treatment gap. Friendship Bench offers what has been seen as an effective, simple, cost-effective option to provide evidence-based mental health care in under-resourced settings.

## Operation

The Friendship Bench aims to enhance mental well-being and improve quality of life through the use of trained community health workers (CHWs) who deliver individual problem-solving therapy sessions to people struggling with mild to moderate mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. The CHWs are trained in a cognitive behavioural therapy-based approach with a strong emphasis on problem-solving therapy (PST) and behavioural activation at primary health care (PHC) level to address *kufungisisa*, a local Shona concept which literally translates into "thinking too much" and whose symptoms resemble depression and anxiety. When clients come to the Friendship Bench seeking mental health support, they are screened with a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire-14 (SSQ-14), an indigenous measure of common mental disorders.

The talk therapy sessions take place on wooden park benches, which are usually placed in quiet, discreet spaces under shady trees at primary health care clinics or community rooms.

## Grandmothers

Uniquely, Friendship Bench uses "Grandmothers", more fondly known as Ambuya Utano or Gogos, to deliver the problem-solving therapy intervention. The FB Grandmothers are rooted in their community and are the custodians of local wisdom and knowledge.

Without any prior medical or mental health experience, each Grandmother or equivalent CHW goes through eight days of training in a structured problem-solving based approach which emphasizes listening skills, empathy, connection and a non-judgemental attitude along with steps to generating a SMART action plan and delivery of a screening tool. After the training, each CHW has a 30-day clinic internship. In this way, as described in the Friendship Bench Randomized Control Trial published in *JAMA* in 2016:

> ...the problem-solving therapy steps help clients identify a problem (eg, unemployment) rather than get a diagnosis. The psychological approach of problem-solving therapy works through enabling a more positive orientation toward resolving problems and empowering people to have a sense of greater coping and control over their lives.

## Support groups

After the one-on-one talk therapy, Friendship Bench clients are introduced to a peer led support group known as Circle Kubatana Tose (CKT), meaning "holding hands together". In these groups clients are connected to others who have also gone through mental health problems and found solutions on the Friendship Bench. Group members tend to come from the same community and so can relate to each other's struggles. CKT groups contribute to clients' sense of belonging and reduces stigma surrounding mental health.

## Further reading


title: Fresnedoso

abstract: Fresnedoso is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 75 kilometres (47 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 107 people.

text:
# Fresnedoso

**Fresnedoso** is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 75 kilometres (47 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 107 people.

## Geography

The municipality covers an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi). It lies 1,022 metres (3,353 ft) above sea level and the postal code is 37775

## InfoBox

| Fresnedoso | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location in Salamanca | |
| FresnedosoLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 40°26′N 5°42′W / 40.433°N 5.700°W / 40.433; -5.700 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Salamanca |
| Comarca | Sierra de Béjar |
| Government | |
| Mayor | María Guadalupe Gómez González (People's Party) |
| Area | |
| Total | 8 km2 (3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,022 m (3,353 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 109 |
| Density | 14/km2 (35/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 37775 |


title: Tidal downsizing

abstract: Tidal downsizing is a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of planets. The process begins with the formation of large clumps of gas, of roughly 10 Jupiter masses, via gravitational instability in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk. The clumps migrate inward due to gravitational interactions with the gas disk. Solid grains within the clump collide and grow and settle toward the center forming a massive core. The clump is disrupted due to tidal forces or heating from the star when it approaches within a few AU of the star leaving behind a smaller object. Depending on the extent and timing of the mass loss the remnant may be a terrestrial planet, an ice giant or a gas giant.

text:
# Tidal downsizing

**Tidal downsizing** is a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of planets. The process begins with the formation of large clumps of gas, of roughly 10 Jupiter masses, via gravitational instability in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk. The clumps migrate inward due to gravitational interactions with the gas disk. Solid grains within the clump collide and grow and settle toward the center forming a massive core. The clump is disrupted due to tidal forces or heating from the star when it approaches within a few AU of the star leaving behind a smaller object. Depending on the extent and timing of the mass loss the remnant may be a terrestrial planet, an ice giant or a gas giant.


title: Mayor of Asbury Park, New Jersey

text:
# Mayor of Asbury Park, New Jersey

Asbury Park, New Jersey incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 26, 1874, from portions of Ocean Township. The borough was reincorporated on February 28, 1893. Asbury Park was incorporated as a city, its current type of government, as of March 25, 1897. The city has seen various changes in its form of government. It had directly elected mayors under its first two forms of government beginning in 1874. In 1915, the city adopted mayor-council form of government with a commission. It reorganized under the 1923 Municipal Manager Law in that year. In 2011, it became mayor-council.

## Mayors

| Image | Name | Term | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | John Moor | 2014–2018
2018– |  | Elected mayor in November 2014 after the electorate voted to change the form of government with the direct election of the mayor |
|  | Myra Campbell | 2013–2014 |  | First African-American female mayor. Won appointment in July 2013 in a 3-2 City Council vote despite being the 2nd place vote getter breaking tradition. |
|  | Ed Johnson | 2009–2013 |  | 5th African-American mayor. Served three terms on Asbury Park City Council. Appointed to vacancy as City Councilman in 2005, Elected City Councilman in 2005 and reelected in 2009. Appointed to Asbury Park Urban Enterprise Zone Board in 1998. Served as Chairman of Urban Enterprise Zone Board 1999 - 2004 rebuilding the board of directors and Asbury Park UEZ Operations. Served as Mayor during the historic start of the ongoing city-wide redevelopment of Asbury Park. Created the Springwood Avenue Advisory Committee (SAAC) and served as SAAC Chairman which developed on-going Springwood Avenue Redevelopment Plan recognized by 2008 Planning Merit Award for the Amended Springwood Avenue Redevelopment Plan and the 2008 Achievement in Planning Award from the New Jersey Planning Officials for community-based planning. Founded the Transportation Station Subcommittee charged with the repairs and upgrades to the Asbury Park Transportation Center bolstering commuter and tourism rail service to the city. Oversaw preparation and reconstruction of the city during August 2011 Earthquake, 2011 Hurricane Irene and 2012 Superstorm Sandy. Developed Sister City Exchange Program with Casalgrande, Italy hosting Mayor Andrea Rossi in Asbury Park and leading a City delegation to Italy in 2012. Honored with Presidential visit to the city by President Barack Obama in May 2013. Retired as Mayor on June 30, 2019. Entered private life as president and Founder of Ed Johnson AP International civic engagement consulting firm. Continues public service as Honorary Member and Ambassador of the Global Parliament of Mayors. |
|  | Kevin G. Sanders | 2001–2005
2005–2009 |  | 4th African-American mayor |
|  | Kenneth E. Saunders Sr.
(born 17 August 1944) | 1997–2001 |  | 3rd African-American mayor. Kenneth "Butch" Saunders was first elected to the City Council in 1996 to fill an unexpired term. |
|  | Carl Williams Jr. | 1996–1997 |  | 2nd African-American mayor |
|  | Patricia Candiano | 1994–1996 |  | First woman mayor of Asbury Park Named mayor in March 1994 after prior mayor resigned after being charge with cocaine possession. Lost a recall election in February 1996. |
|  | Dennis M. Buckley | 1993–1994 |  | Resigned in March 1994 after being charged with cocaine possession |
|  | Thomas S. Smith
(1917–2002) | 1989–1993 | Republican | First African-American mayor. Served on the Asbury Park Council from 1985 to 1989 and was Asbury Park Police Chief from 1968 to 1979 |
|  | Frank Fiorentino | 1985–1989 |  |  |
|  | Ray Kramer
(August 20, 1918 – August 27, 1992) | 1973–1977
1977–1981
1981–1985 | Democrat | In 1969, Raymond Paul Kramer was elected to the City Council of Asbury Park, the first person of Jewish descent to serve on the City Council. In May 1973, he was elected by the City Council as mayor. Elected to the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders in 1974. Ray Kramer was chosen as Director of the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders in April 1976 to succeed Philip N. Gumbs, who had been appointed to the Worker's Compensation Court, and served in that capacity for the balance of the year. He again served as Director in 1979 and 1980. After serving two, three-year terms, he was defeated for reelection to a third term in 1980. In 1981, he attempted a return to the Board, but was again defeated. Kramer was elected to his third and final term in 1982, but was defeated by his Republican opponent, former County Administrator Theodore J. Narozanick. He lost a 1988 re-match with Narozanick |
|  | Joseph Mattice | 1969–1973 |  |  |
|  | Frank H. Rowland | 1965–1969 |  |  |
|  | Thomas F. Shebell | 1957–1961
1961–1965 |  |  |
|  | George A. Smock II | 1944–1945
1945–1949
1949–1953
1953–1957 |  | Elected mayor in 1944 to finish Mooney's term; re-elected in 1945 to a 4-year term; re-elected in 1949; re-elected in 1953. |
|  | Vincent P. Keuper | 1944 |  | Acting mayor after Mooney's death |
|  | Clarence V. Mooney | 1941–1944 |  | Died in office on January 13, 1944 |
|  | Clarence Eugene Francis Hetrick | 1935–1940 (2nd term) |  | Won after a recall election |
|  | John C. Palmetter | 1935 |  |  |
|  | Sherman Oviatt Dennis (1879-1935) | 1934-1935 |  | Died March 17, 1935 |
|  | Clarence Eugene Francis Hetrick
(1873–1941) | 1915–1933 (1st term) |  | Died October 13, 1941 |
|  | William A. Berry | 1914 |  | Died March 2, 1931, age 62 |
|  | Reginald S. Bennett | 1912–1913 |  | Died June 8, 1928, age 52 |
|  | Thomas Frank Appleby
(1864–1924) | 1908–1911 |  |  |
|  | Charles A. Atkins | 1906–1907 |  | Died November 7, 1922, age 39 |
|  | Frank LaRue Ten Broeck | 1904–1905 (2nd term) |  |  |
|  | Bruce S. Keator | 1903 |  | Acting mayor. Died March 8, 1925, age 70 |
|  | James Adam Bradley | 1902 |  | Died June 6, 1921, age 92 |
|  | Frank LaRue Ten Broeck | March 25, 1897 – 1901 (1st term) |  | First mayor of the city of Asbury Park |
|  | James Adam Bradley
(1830-1921) | February 28, 1893 – March 25, 1897 |  | James Adam Bradley was the founder of the borough of Asbury Park
The title "mayor" seems to have been loosely applied to the leader of the borough with both Bradley and Frank LaRue Ten Broeck referred to as such. |
|


title: Tijana Davidovac

abstract: Tijana Davidovac is a Serbian politician. She has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2016 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

text:
# Tijana Davidovac

**Tijana Davidovac** (Serbian Cyrillic: Тијана Давидовац; born 1986) is a Serbian politician. She has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2016 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

## Early life and career

Davidovac finished elementary school in Lajkovac and high school in Valjevo, and now lives in the Belgrade municipality of Lazarevac. She is an economist.

## Politician

### Municipal politics

Davidovac was given the thirty-ninth position on the Progressive Party's electoral list for the Lazarevac municipal assembly in the 2016 Serbian local elections. The list won twenty-seven mandates, and she was not elected.

### Parliamentarian

Davidovac received the sixty-third position on the Progressive Party's *Aleksandar Vučić – Serbia Is Winning* electoral list in the 2016 Serbian parliamentary election and was elected when the list won a majority victory with 131 out of 250 mandates. During the 2016–20 parliament, she was a member of the foreign affairs committee and the committee on agriculture, forestry, and water management; a deputy member of the committee on human and minority rights and gender equality; a member of Serbia's delegation in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean; the leader of Serbia's parliamentary friendship group with Finland; and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups with Australia, Belarus, China, Cuba, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

She received the eighty-first position on the Progressive Party's *Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children* coalition list in the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election and was elected to a second term when the list won a landslide majority with 188 mandates. She is still a member of the agriculture committee, a member of Serbia's delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean, and the leader of Serbia's friendship group with Finland. Davidovac is also a deputy member of the foreign affairs committee and the committee on the rights of the child, and a member of the friendship groups with Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Malawi, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Myanmar, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Palestine, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

1. TIJANA DAVIDOVAC, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 8 January 2021.
2. *Službeni List (Grada Beograda)*, Volume 60 Number 28 (13 April 2016), p. 78.
3. *Službeni List (Grada Beograda)*, Volume 60 Number 50 (9 May 2016), p. 11.
4. Избори за народне посланике 2016. године » Изборне листе (АЛЕКСАНДАР ВУЧИЋ - СРБИЈА ПОБЕЂУЈЕ), Republika Srbija - Republička izborna komisija, accessed 17 February 2017.
5. TIJANA DAVIDOVAC, National Assembly of Serbia, accessed 26 July 2020.
6. "Ko je sve na listi SNS za republičke poslanike?", *Danas*, 6 March 2020, accessed 30 June 2020.
7. TIJANA DAVIDOVAC, National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, accessed 8 January 2021.


title: Freeman's dog-faced bat

abstract: The Freeman’s dog-faced bat, is a Central American bat species of the family Molossidae. It is endemic to Panama.

text:
# Freeman's dog-faced bat

The **Freeman’s dog-faced bat** (***Cynomops freemani***), is a Central American bat species of the family Molossidae. It is endemic to Panama.

## InfoBox

| Freeman's dog-faced bat | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Molossidae |
| Genus: | *Cynomops* |
| Species: | ***C. freemani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cynomops freemani***<br>Moras, Gergorin, Sattler, & Tavares, 2018 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Molossops freemani* | |


abstract: As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 469001–470000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 469001–469100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 469101–469200

back to top

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 469201–469300

back to top

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 469219 Kamoʻoalewa | 2016 HO3 | Kamoʻoalewa alludes to a celestial object that is oscillating, like its path in the sky as viewed from the Earth. He ʻāpana hōkūnaʻi i lele mai kona kino nui, he holo pū me ka honua a puni ka lā. Name conceived by A Hua He Inoa, ʻImiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaiʻi. | JPL **·** 469219 |

## 469301–469400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 469366 Watkins | 2001 PH13 | Michael Watkins (born 1963) was Manager of JPL's Science Division from 2013 to 2015. He personally created a new vision for the Division, set the standard for scientific and strategic leadership and guided the Science Division in providing that leadership to JPL. In 2016, he became the ninth director of JPL. | JPL **·** 469366 |

## 469401–469500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 469501–469600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 469601–469700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 469701–469800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 469705 ǂKá̦gára | 2005 EF298 | In the mythology of the ǀXam people of the Karoo region of southern Africa, ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu fought an epic battle in the east using thunder and lightning, producing mountainous clouds and rain. The conflict was over ǂKá̦gára returning his younger sister, ǃHãunu's wife, to their parents.\[The primary is being named ǂKá̦gára and the satellite is being named ǃHãunu.\] | IAU **·** 469705 |
| 469748 Volnay | 2005 PO5 | The French village of Volnay is situated directly south of Beaune, in the famous Burgundy vineyard region. The discoverer appreciates greatly the Volnay red wine. | JPL **·** 469748 |
| 469773 Kitaibel | 2005 QB76 | Pál Kitaibel (1757–1817) was a Hungarian botanist and chemist. He spent several years investigating flora and fauna in the Carpathian Basin and surrounding mountains. In 1789 he independently discovered the element tellurium. The genus Kitaibelia of mallows was named after him. | IAU **·** 469773 |

## 469801–469900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 469901–470000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

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title: Maysville High School

abstract: Maysville High School is a public high school in the Maysville Local School District which is located in the southern portion of Muskingum County, Ohio, just south of the city of Zanesville. The main campus, comprising 95 acres (380,000 m⁲), houses approximately 2,300 students in the elementary, middle and high school. In 2002, Maysville High School and Maysville Middle School moved to a nearly 90-acre (360,000 m⁲) campus located on Panther Drive just off of State Route 22 in Newton Township. The High School and Middle School are combined into a single building called the Maysville 6-12 building. Previously, Maysville High School was located on Pinkerton Road in Springfield Township, with Maysville Middle School in a neighboring separate building.

text:
# Maysville High School

**Maysville High School** is a public high school in the Maysville Local School District which is located in the southern portion of Muskingum County, Ohio, just south of the city of Zanesville. The main campus, comprising 95 acres (380,000 m2), houses approximately 2,300 students in the elementary, middle and high school.

In 2002, Maysville High School and Maysville Middle School moved to a nearly 90-acre (360,000 m2) campus located on Panther Drive just off of State Route 22 (Maysville Pike) in Newton Township. The High School and Middle School are combined into a single building called the Maysville 6-12 building. Previously, Maysville High School was located on Pinkerton Road in Springfield Township, with Maysville Middle School (formerly Maysville Junior High School) in a neighboring separate building.

## Academics

Elementary programs encompass all ability levels from gifted to those requiring additional intervention assistance. A variety of after school enrichment programs are also available to all elementary students throughout the year. In addition to academic excellence in the classroom the middle school programs strive to develop positive student character traits that aim to develop productive community members. Advanced Placement programs are implemented in the areas of Social Studies, Language Arts, Mathematics and the Sciences.

The arts are a large part of the academic curriculum, from kindergarten through high school, and allow students to learn how the arts affect their everyday life. Programs are offered in music, business, family consumer science, foreign language, traditional and technology arts which are involved with the community, shows, contests and integrated into other content areas.

The intervention programs at the elementary, middle and high schools are designed to serve students who are at risk of not reaching or maintaining academic success. The programs provide additional instructional resources, both during and after the school day, to help students obtain the necessary skills to achieve grade level expectations.

Alternative educational settings are available at Maysville for students needing academic options. These include Post Secondary Options which are pursued by students who qualify to take college classes during the school day, Career Based Intervention (CBI) in which students attend regular classes during the morning and then are dismissed into a work release program in the afternoon, and Virtual Learning Academy (VLA) which is an off campus educational entity. All work is performed on the computer in core areas as well as elective classes. Upon completion students are able to receive a diploma from Maysville High School.

## Clubs

Students at Maysville schools are active in a variety of clubs and extracurricular programs. Clubs range from curricular clubs such as A cappella, “Varsity M”, Spanish, French, and Drama to service-oriented organizations such as: Key Club, Leo Club and Student Government. To allow students to express their competitive sides Ski Club, and Quiz Team are offered, and Future Teachers, National Honor Society, SADD and U-Turn develop future skills.

Maysville Schools offer a variety of athletic opportunities for students of every ability level. Opportunities range from club and biddy league teams for Elementary age children to organized interleague teams for Middle School students, as well as Varsity, Interleague and Club Teams at the High School Level.

Since 1990 Maysville Local Schools have provided a latch-key program before and after school for students Pre-school through 6th grade. The program is also provided in the summer, snow days and professional in-service days. Besides supervision; field trips, homework help, crafts and snacks, and activities are provided.

The school is also involves the community in various outreach programs such as Middle School service projects, Senior Service Learning, and Computer Generated Imaging Senior Multi Media Class services. Monthly community forums are hosted by the superintendent to inform and receive feedback from members of the community regarding school issues. The “Community Bulletin Board” has also become a popular method of communication with the community. The community is also involved with the school through organizations such as band boosters, athletic boosters and 21st century grant programming.

## Sports

* Maysville High School is part of the Muskingum Valley League
* Maysville High School has a band, the Maysville High School Marching Band.
* Maysville High School is also home to three National Archery in the Schools Program (NASP) archery teams. The Maysville High School and Middle School Archery teams won the title of state champion two years in a row in 2007 and 2008. The Maysville Elementary Archery team also brought home a state championship title in 2008. The high school archery team has also been National Runner-Up at the NASP National Tournament in 2007 and 2008.

### Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships

## InfoBox

| Maysville High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 3725 Panther Drive
Zanesville, Ohio 43701 | |
| Coordinates | 39°52′44″N 82°03′03″W / 39.879003°N 82.050848°W / 39.879003; -82.050848 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| School district | Maysville Local School District |
| Staff | 27.00 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 475 (2018-19) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 17.59 |
| Color(s) | Blue and gold |
| Athletics conference | Muskingum Valley League |
| Mascot | Panthers |
| Website | Maysville High School |


title: From a Basement on the Hill

abstract: From a Basement on the Hill is the sixth and final studio album by the American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. Recorded from 2000 to 2003, and faced with multiple delays due to Smith's personal problems that resulted in his death, it was released posthumously in the UK and Europe on Domino on October 18, 2004, and in the US the following day on October 19, 2004, through record label Anti-, almost a year after his death. The album was initially planned as a double album, and was incomplete at the time of Smith's death. Many of the songs Smith intended for the album remained unfinished, in some cases lacking only vocals. Smith's family hired his former producer Rob Schnapf and ex-girlfriend Joanna Bolme to sort through and finish the batch of over thirty songs that were recorded for the album, although the estate retained final decision on which tracks to include. Many of the songs reference Smith's struggles with drug addiction and depression. His cause of death is officially unknown, as the coroner's report remarks that some aspects pointed to suicide and some to murder. The official nature of the case and statements from close friends state that his death is still under speculation. It has not been investigated further. From a Basement on the Hill became Smith's highest-charting album in the US and was praised by critics, with reviewers complimenting the album's attempts to expand Smith's sound, such as the incorporation of instrumental passages, as well as heavier, guitar-based material.

text:
# From a Basement on the Hill

***From a Basement on the Hill*** is the sixth and final studio album by the American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. Recorded from 2000 to 2003, and faced with multiple delays due to Smith's personal problems that resulted in his death, it was released posthumously in the UK and Europe on Domino on October 18, 2004, and in the US the following day on October 19, 2004, through record label Anti-, almost a year after his death.

The album was initially planned as a double album, and was incomplete at the time of Smith's death. Many of the songs Smith intended for the album remained unfinished, in some cases lacking only vocals. Smith's family hired his former producer Rob Schnapf and ex-girlfriend Joanna Bolme to sort through and finish the batch of over thirty songs that were recorded for the album, although the estate retained final decision on which tracks to include.

Many of the songs reference Smith's struggles with drug addiction and depression. His cause of death is officially unknown, as the coroner's report remarks that some aspects pointed to suicide and some to murder. The official nature of the case and statements from close friends state that his death is still under speculation. It has not been investigated further.

*From a Basement on the Hill* became Smith's highest-charting album in the US and was praised by critics, with reviewers complimenting the album's attempts to expand Smith's sound, such as the incorporation of instrumental passages, as well as heavier, guitar-based material.

## Background

On October 21, 2003, Elliott Smith died of two stab wounds, presumed by many to be self-inflicted. The wounds occurred following a heated argument at the Los Angeles home of his girlfriend, Jennifer Chiba. The coroner's determination was that the mode of death was undetermined and raised the possibility of homicide.

Smith battled heavy drug addiction and severe depression for most of his life, although he was sober in his final days, seeking treatment at the Neurotransmitter Restoration Center in Beverly Hills and even giving up alcohol, caffeine, red meat, refined sugars and most of his prescribed psychiatric medications on his 34th birthday. Smith took to sobriety with the same intensity with which he took to intoxication, and he found himself suddenly face-to-face with a lifetime of depression and unmanaged emotional trauma.

## Recording and production

The album was initially planned as a double album, due to contractual obligations with the DreamWorks label (now Interscope). Smith had over fifty songs on tape reel or digital hard drive. He completed mixing on nine of these tracks with several others lacking only minor revisions or final vocals. Smith's estate hired Schnapf and Bolme to complete mixing on these tracks and eventually chose fifteen for inclusion on the album, which was ultimately released on the Anti- label. During the recording period for the album, Smith had recorded with Steven Drozd and Russell Simins, drummers for The Flaming Lips and Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, respectively.

Following Smith's death, Rob Schnapf, producer of Smith's earlier albums *Either/Or*, *XO* and *Figure 8*, was hired to mix and produce the album, along with Smith's former girlfriend Joanna Bolme. David McConnell, although present throughout much of the actual recording process, was not consulted during the mixing, nor was he asked for the extensive three years' worth of notes he and Smith had made while the album was being recorded. When asked why he personally took up the job of finishing the album, Schnapf stated, "I had a paternal, protective feeling. I didn't want anybody mucking it up."

## Content

"Coast to Coast" features poetry by Nelson Gary. Smith told *Under the Radar* in 2003: "I asked this friend of mine to make up something he could say as fast as he could in fifteen minutes about people healing themselves or being unable to heal themselves. While he's saying this thing there is a main vocal that goes over that." The lyric "You're keeping me around, until I finally drag us both down" details a dysfunctional relationship.

"Pretty (Ugly Before)" was previously released as a single in August 2003 on Suicide Squeeze Records, along with a different version of "A Distorted Reality Is Now a Necessity to Be Free". According to McConnell, Smith did not intend to have "Pretty (Ugly Before)" on the album.

In "King's Crossing", where he sings "It's Christmas time and the needle's on the tree, the skinny Santa is bringing something to me", Smith alludes to using heroin, which he had many problems with.

The lyrics also contain references to the practice of a Circuit rider (religious), the Liberty Bell, The Dalles, Oregon and Lite-Brite toys.

Schnapf noted that the track "Ostrich & Chirping", a short instrumental made from sampling and looping the noises made by a toy bird, had nothing to do with Smith and was something that McConnell had recorded by himself. McConnell said "don't ask me how this ended up on the record, I totally forgot I had put that on one of his reels."

## Release

*From a Basement on the Hill* was released on October 19, 2004, almost a year after Smith's death, through record label ANTI-, a sub-label of Epitaph.

It debuted at No. 19 in the US, selling 43,000 copies, giving him his best first week sales, and making it his highest-charting album in the US to date. The album has also been re-released by Kill Rock Stars, alongside a remastered reissue of his 1994 debut, *Roman Candle*.

When asked what Smith would have thought of the album, McConnell told Benjamin Nugent, "I don't think he would have delivered \[that\] record. The record he would have delivered would have had more songs, would have had different mixes and \[been\] a little more in-your-face." Schnapf also expressed that the final result that he and Bolme had produced was not the album that Smith would have made, simply because Elliott was not around to finish the album. Bolme also said that they did not add anything to the songs, and only mixed whatever had been recorded: "I would never presume to add anything. We didn't add anything."

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 88/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A− |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *Mojo* |  |
| *NME* | 9/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.2/10 (2004)
8.4/10 (2010) |
|  |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *Spin* | A− |

After his death and the release of *From a Basement on the Hill*, many critics and fans viewed the album as a suicide note. Sindri Eldon, a journalist for *Reykjavík Grapevine* wrote, "...the foreshadowing of his suicide is so strong that it's difficult to listen to."

*From a Basement on the Hill* was well received by critics. On music review aggregator website Metacritic, the album holds an approval rating of 88 out of 100 based on 37 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". It is one of the site's all-time highest-rated albums. Many reviewers complimented the album's attempts to expand Smith's sound, such as the incorporation of instrumental passages, as well as heavier, guitar-based material.

*Pitchfork* called it "perfectly coherent and cohesive, without any sense of being slapped together from half-finished parts." E! Online called it "a beautiful swansong to one of this generation's best." *Filter* called it "large and epic, but tense and claustrophobic as well, and, gratefully, it's as close to Elliott as we've ever been." *Billboard* stated that "Smith bundles together subtlety and ferocity to create one of his heart-aching best... Consider it a 'fond farewell' to one of this generations most poignant and gifted songwriters." *Rolling Stone* had some reservations, observing that "this is an album about the seductions of oblivion, and a few of the more densely arranged songs mimic the characters in the lyrics, stumbing around without quite connecting. More often though, Smith teases extraordinary wit and warmth from songs that float lazily toward happiness."

In the UK the album was received even more enthusiastically than in Smith's home country.  wrote, "Given that its backstory involves one of the grimmest deaths in music history, it's tempting to view this album darkly, but really, there's no denying the new twist here... Without wanting to second-guess his mindset, this music often sounds like the madness surrounding its creator – his heroin troubles, an allegedly turbulent relationship, his struggles against depression. So what dominates are these loud, wayward Los Angeles epics full of gothic grandeur, broken-glass emotions, bizarre soundscapes and heavy, early-'70s guitars." The review concluded, "All posthumous releases receive garlands of praise but this would take your breath away whatever the circumstances".

Other critics, however, were cautious about viewing the album as a suicide note: *Mojo* felt that "to do so would be to miss the crucial point – that *From a Basement on the Hill* is of a piece within a body of work that stretches back to the mid-'90s. If Smith's lyrical themes were pretty much constant, the point was only underlined by the survival of his abiding aesthetic. In very crude terms, he took the spirit of such *White Album* songs as "Long, Long, Long", "Julia" and "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", and re-rooted them in a lovelorn, druggy demi-monde... Smith, however, was no mere *pasticheur*. As ever, his chord changes and arrangements betray an inventiveness seemingly borne of brilliant instinct. Moreover, the songs that form this album's spine find him striding away, not only from his own influences, but the approach that had defined his last couple of records. Those who found *Figure 8* and parts of *XO* too in thrall to the musical ways of the West Coast – slightly over-airbrushed, maybe a little too lush – will be cheered by the fractured, frankly grungey likes of "Don't Go Down" and "Coast to Coast": in their own controlled way, as messy and imperfect as the experiences described therein. The contrast between their music and Smith's ever-tender vocals makes for a compelling tension; here, he alights upon an approach that would have gone on to serve him admirably well." *NME* observed that the opening track "Coast to Coast" "sets out the themes which run through the whole album: chronic self-doubt, poisonous sarcasm, a prevailing sense of having had enough of trying to fulfil other people's expectations", and went on to state that "while this is clearly not the record Smith intended to make, it's still an immensely gripping and cohesive piece of work. For all his experiments with grungier rock and spectral acoustics, *From a Basement...* holds together convincingly. It sounds like a completely finished album, and one which, remarkably, is a match for the very best in Smith's catalogue."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Elliott Smith, except "Ostrich & Chirping", written by David McConnell

*From a Basement on the Hill* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Coast to Coast" | 5:33 |
| 2. | "Let's Get Lost" | 2:27 |
| 3. | "Pretty (Ugly Before)" | 4:45 |
| 4. | "Don't Go Down" | 4:34 |
| 5. | "Strung Out Again" | 3:12 |
| 6. | "A Fond Farewell" | 3:58 |
| 7. | "King's Crossing" | 4:57 |
| 8. | "Ostrich & Chirping" | 0:33 |
| 9. | "Twilight" | 4:29 |
| 10. | "A Passing Feeling" | 3:32 |
| 11. | "The Last Hour" | 3:27 |
| 12. | "Shooting Star" | 6:01 |
| 13. | "Memory Lane" | 2:30 |
| 14. | "Little One" | 3:14 |
| 15. | "A Distorted Reality Is Now a Necessity to Be Free" | 4:32 |

## Personnel

* Elliott Smith – all instruments not listed below, production, recording, front cover handwriting

**Additional personnel**

* Steven Drozd – drums on "Coast to Coast"
* Aaron Sperske – drums on "Coast to Coast"
* Nelson Gary – poetry reading on "Coast to Coast"
* Sam Coomes – bass guitar and backing vocals on "Pretty (Ugly Before)"
* Aaron Embry – keyboards on "Pretty (Ugly Before)"
* Scott McPherson – drums on "Pretty (Ugly Before)"
* Fritz Michaud – drums on "King's Crossing"

**Technical**

* Autumn DeWilde – sleeve typography
* Joanna Bolmemixing
* Rob Schnapf – mixing
* Scott Wiley – engineering assistance
* Ted Jensen – mastering
* Andrew Beckman – recording (additional)
* Chris Chandler – recording (additional)
* David McConnell – recording (additional)
* Dee Robb – recording (additional)
* Fritz Michaud – recording (additional)
* Jon Brion – recording (additional)
* Matthew Ellard – recording (additional)
* Pete Magdaleno – recording (additional)
* Ryan Castle – recording (additional)
* Tom Biller – recording (additional)
* Valente Torres – recording (additional)
* Nick Pritchard – sleeve design
* Renaud Monfourny – front cover photograph
* Ashley Welch – sleeve photography
* Dominic DiSaia – sleeve photography
* Paul Heartfield – sleeve photography

## Chart positions

Chart performance for *From a Basement on the Hill*
| Chart (2004) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian ARIA Albums Chart | 50 |
| Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders) | 47 |
| Canadian Albums Chart | 33 |
| French SNEP Albums Chart | 45 |
| Irish Albums Chart | 11 |
| Norwegian Albums Chart | 37 |
| Swedish Albums Chart | 52 |
| UK Albums Chart | 41 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 19 |
| US *Billboard* Independent Albums | 1 |

## InfoBox

| From a Basement on the Hill | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Elliott Smith | |
| Released | October 18, 2004 (2004-10-18) |
| Recorded | 2000–2003 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 57:54 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Elliott Smith chronology | |
| *Figure 8*
(2000) ***From a Basement on the Hill***
(2004) *New Moon*
(2007) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *From a Basement on the Hill* | |
| 1. "Pretty (Ugly Before)"
Released: 2003 | |
|  | |


title: Timia pamirensis

abstract: Timia pamirensis is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Timia of the family Ulidiidae.

text:
# Timia pamirensis

***Timia pamirensis*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Timia* of the family Ulidiidae.

## InfoBox

| *Timia pamirensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Timia* |
| Species: | ***T. pamirensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timia pamirensis***<br>Hennig, 1940 | |
|


title: Fremont Assembly

abstract: Fremont Assembly was a General Motors automobile factory in Fremont, California, in the San Francisco area, replacing the older Oakland Assembly. Groundbreaking for the plant occurred in September 1961, and the plant produced its first vehicle on May 1, 1963. Production continued through March 1, 1982, when the plant was closed after production problems. After closure, the plant was refurbished and reopened as the more successful NUMMI joint-venture between GM and Toyota between 1984 and 2010, and later became the Tesla Factory in 2010.

text:
# Fremont Assembly

**Fremont Assembly** was a General Motors automobile factory in Fremont, California, in the San Francisco area, replacing the older Oakland Assembly. Groundbreaking for the plant occurred in September 1961, and the plant produced its first vehicle on May 1, 1963. Production continued through March 1, 1982, when the plant was closed after production problems. After closure, the plant was refurbished and reopened as the more successful NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.) joint-venture between GM and Toyota between 1984 and 2010, and later became the Tesla Factory in 2010.

## History

Chevrolet opened the auto industry's first West Coast assembly plant, Oakland Assembly, in 1916, with production of the Chevrolet Series 490 beginning on September 23 of that year. In the 1940s, Oakland Assembly would contribute to the war effort during World War II building the Chevrolet Fleetline for the military and also producing munitions, aircraft engines, guns and billions of pounds metal forgings and castings. After the war, the plant resumed automobile production. By 1960, General Motors recognized that they needed a facility that was capable of more modern manufacturing methods. Instead of upgrading Oakland Assembly, the company decided to build a new plant, about 17 miles south in Fremont, California. (The Oakland Assembly site was sold to real estate investors in 1964 with the plant demolished and the site redeveloped as Eastmont Mall.)

Groundbreaking for the Fremont Assembly plant occurred in September 1961, based on plans from San Francisco architect John Savage Bolles, the designer of Candlestick Park. The plant produced its first pickup truck on May 1, 1963, pilot production of cars started on July 29, 1963, and regular car production started on September 3, 1963.

The 411-acre (166 ha) plant produced GM A platform vehicles under the Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick, Oldsmobile, and GMC brands for the Western United States. Once fully running, the plant was able to produce 42 cars and 25 trucks per hour, across two shifts, for a total of 1,072 vehicles per day.

The plant's peak employment came in 1978 with 6,800 full-time workers, but employment had fallen to 5,700 by the time of the 1982 closure.

GM as a company was departmentalized (design, manufacturing) as per Henry Ford's division of labor, but without the necessary communication and collaboration between the departments. There was an adversarial relationship between workers and plant supervisors, with management not considering the employees' views on production, and quantity was preferred over quality.

Like all American car plants, the production lines at Fremont seldom stopped, and when mistakes were made cars continued down the line with the expectation that they would be fixed later.

By the early 1980s, the adversarial relationship had deteriorated to the point where employees drank alcohol, smoked marijuana, were frequently absent (enough so that the production line couldn't be started), and even committed petty acts of sabotage such as putting "Coke bottles inside the door panels, so they'd rattle and annoy the customer." It was stated at times on Mondays and Fridays there weren't enough workers to start the line, so GM would often go to the bar across the street to hire workers to take their place. Employees at the Fremont plant were "considered the worst workforce in the automobile industry in the United States," according to a later recounting by a leader of the workers' own union, the United Auto Workers (UAW).

Attempts to discipline workers were often met with grievances or even strikes, putting the plant into near-continuous chaos.

By 1982, GM had had enough and closed Fremont Assembly and laid off its thousands of workers.

Partially demolished (south end and water tower), the remaining plant was refurbished and was used for the more successful NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.) joint-venture between GM and Toyota between 1984 and 2010 and later became the Tesla Factory in 2010.

## Models

Some of the models produced at the plant included:

## InfoBox

Fremont Assembly
|
|  |
| Industry | Automotive industry |
| Predecessor | Oakland Assembly 1916–c.1965 |
| Founded | 1962 (1962) |
| Defunct | March 1, 1982 (1982-03-01) |
| Fate | Closed |
| Successor | NUMMI (1984–2010)
Tesla Factory (2010–present) |
| Headquarters | Fremont, California, United States
37°29′41.12″N 121°56′41.16″W / 37.4947556°N 121.9447667°W / 37.4947556; -121.9447667 |
| Products | Automobiles |
| Production output | 1,072 vehicles daily |
| Services | Automotive manufacturing |
| Owner | General Motors |
| Number of employees | * 6,800 (1978) * 5,700 (1982 closure) |


title: Fremont Cannon

abstract: The Fremont Cannon is the trophy awarded to the winner of the Battle for Nevada, an American college football rivalry game played annually by the Nevada Wolf Pack football team of the University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada) and the UNLV Rebels football team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The trophy was built in 1970 and is a replica of a 19th-century Howitzer cannon that accompanied American explorer and politician John C. Frémont on an expedition to the American West and Nevada in the mid 19th century. The original cannon had been abandoned, due to heavy snows, in the Sierra Nevada in 1843. The replica cannon was originally fired following a touchdown by the team in possession of the cannon, but it has been inoperable since 1999. The wooden carriage is painted the school color of the team in possession, navy blue for Nevada or scarlet for UNLV. The trophy is the heaviest and most expensive in college football. Since 2012, the game is also part of the Silver State Series, the series of athletic competitions between the two schools. The first game between the teams was in 1969 with Nevada defeating UNLV. The following year, the cannon was built and UNLV became the first team to win the cannon. Nevada has the longest win streak in the rivalry, having held the cannon for eight consecutive years. UNLV is the current holder of the trophy after defeating Nevada on October 14, 2023 at Mackay Stadium.

text:
# Fremont Cannon

150km
100miles UNLV  NevadaLocations of Nevada and UNLV stadiums

The **Fremont Cannon** is the trophy awarded to the winner of the **Battle for Nevada** (also known as the **Nevada–UNLV football rivalry**), an American college football rivalry game played annually by the Nevada Wolf Pack football team of the University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada) and the UNLV Rebels football team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The trophy was built in 1970 and is a replica of a 19th-century Howitzer cannon that accompanied American explorer and politician John C. Frémont on an expedition to the American West and Nevada in the mid 19th century. The original cannon had been abandoned, due to heavy snows, in the Sierra Nevada in 1843. The replica cannon was originally fired following a touchdown by the team in possession of the cannon, but it has been inoperable since 1999. The wooden carriage is painted the school color of the team in possession, navy blue for Nevada or scarlet for UNLV. The trophy is the heaviest and most expensive in college football. Since 2012, the game is also part of the Silver State Series (formerly Governor's Series), the series of athletic competitions between the two schools.

The first game between the teams was in 1969 with Nevada defeating UNLV. The following year, the cannon was built and UNLV became the first team to win the cannon. Nevada has the longest win streak in the rivalry, having held the cannon for eight consecutive years.

UNLV is the current holder of the trophy after defeating Nevada on October 14, 2023 at Mackay Stadium.

## History of the trophy

In 1967, Bill Ireland was hired by Nevada Southern University (the predecessor to UNLV) to coach their new football team and by 1969 came up with the idea to have a trophy as a symbol of the rivalry between the two schools. Ireland was the first football coach of the UNLV Rebels and an alumnus and former coach of Nevada. The cannon was donated by Kennecott Copper and is a replica of a howitzer cannon that explorer John C. Fremont used on an expedition in 1843 and left in a large snowdrift in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The cannon contains a 55 millimetres (2.2 in) barrel, weighs 545 pounds (247 kg), and cost $10,000 to build, making it the heaviest and most expensive trophy in college football. The cannon is painted the winning team's color, red for UNLV, and blue for Nevada.

The two schools first played each other on November 22, 1969, the Saturday before Thanksgiving Day. This game was homecoming for Nevada, who won the game 30–28. At the time, construction of the cannon had yet to be completed. The first competition for the cannon was in 1970 when the Rebels won 42–30 in Las Vegas. In 1978, following Nevada's first victory over UNLV in four seasons, Chris Ault convinced security at McCarran International Airport to allow the team to disassemble the cannon and take it as carry-on luggage back to Reno. The team had to figure out how to break down the cannon, a task that was usually done by the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, which UNLV did not have in 1978.

The Fremont Cannon was refurbished by the UNLV athletics department at a cost of $1,500 in 2000 following damage after a UNLV victory celebration wherein fans and players attempted to lift the cannon and dropped it. Traditionally, the team possessing the cannon would fire it each time they scored a touchdown during the rivalry game; however, the cannon has not been fired since the restoration due to the damage it received.

## History of the rivalry

Students of Nevada's two public universities share a mutual disdain for each other, as evidenced by the numerous blue "FUNLV" (UNLV being shorthand for University of Nevada, Las Vegas) and red "FUNR" shirts (UNR being shorthand for University of Nevada, Reno) at the stadium on rivalry days.

In 1993, Wolf Pack coach Jeff Horton left Nevada after one season to coach for UNLV in what is referred to as the "Red Defection".

The rivalry is heated inside the stadium as well. Before many NCAA members relaxed alcohol sales policies at football games in the 2010s and 2020s, Sam Boyd Stadium and Mackay Stadium were two of the few NCAA football venues to sell alcohol to all spectators of legal age on game day. (Some institutions still do not sell alcohol at all, or sell it only to those seated in luxury boxes.) This, combined with the heated nature of the rivalry, has resulted in numerous fights in the stands. In 1995, UNLV players allegedly started a pre-game brawl, which prompted the Wolf Pack to run up the score in their 55–32 victory against UNLV. After the game, UNLV player Quincy Sanders threw his helmet in the direction of Nevada head coach Chris Ault.

On August 18, 2010, Nevada announced that they would join the Mountain West Conference starting in either 2011 or 2012; their entry was later confirmed for 2012. Since UNLV has been in the Mountain West Conference since 1999, the annual rivalry game is once again a conference game. When the MW expanded to 12 football members in 2013 and split into divisions for that sport, both schools were placed in the West Division, assuring annual matchups for the foreseeable future. The MW eliminated its football divisions after the 2022 season, but the Nevada–UNLV game was designated as an annual matchup in the new scheduling model. Before 2012, the last meeting of the two schools as conference rivals was in 1995, when both schools were members of the Big West Conference.

On October 8, 2012, Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval announced the launch of the Governor's Series for the annual Nevada vs. UNLV rivalry games for all athletic teams. In 2018, it was later renamed as the Silver State Series.

## Game results

| Nevada victories | UNLV victories | Tie games | Forfeited wins |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

## Coaching records

Since first game on November 22, 1969

### Nevada

| Head Coach | Team | Games | Seasons | Wins | Losses | Ties | Pct. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jerry Scattini | Nevada | 7 | 1969–1975 | 3 | 4 | 0 | .429 |
| Chris Ault (a) | Nevada | 11 | 1976–1992 | 7 | 4 | 0 | .636 |
| Jeff Horton | Nevada | 1 | 1993 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Chris Ault (b) | Nevada | 2 | 1994–1995 | 1 | 1 | 0 | .500 |
| Jeff Tisdel | Nevada | 4 | 1996–1999 | 4 | 0 |  | 1.000 |
| Chris Tormey | Nevada | 4 | 2000–2003 | 0 | 4 |  | .000 |
| Chris Ault (c) | Nevada | 9 | 2004–2012 | 8 | 1 |  | .889 |
| Brian Polian | Nevada | 4 | 2013–2016 | 2 | 2 |  | .500 |
| Jay Norvell | Nevada | 5 | 2017–2021 | 3 | 2 |  | .600 |
| Ken Wilson | Nevada | 2 | 2022–2023 | 0 | 2 |  | .000 |

* Chris Ault's overall record in series is 16–6–0 (.727)

### UNLV

| Head Coach | Team | Games | Seasons | Wins | Losses | Ties | Pct. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bill Ireland | UNLV | 4 | 1968–1972 | 2 | 2 | 0 | .500 |
| Ron Meyer | UNLV | 3 | 1973–1975 | 2 | 1 | 0 | .667 |
| Tony Knap | UNLV | 4 | 1976–1981 | 3 | 1 | 0 | .750 |
| Harvey Hyde | UNLV | 2 | 1982–1985 | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 |
| Wayne Nunnely | UNLV | 2 | 1986–1989 | 1 | 1 | 0 | .500 |
| Jim Strong | UNLV | 4 | 1990–1993 | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 |
| Jeff Horton | UNLV | 5 | 1994–1998 | 1 | 4 | 0 | .200 |
| John Robinson | UNLV | 6 | 1999–2004 | 5 | 1 |  | .833 |
| Mike Sanford | UNLV | 5 | 2005–2009 | 0 | 5 |  | .000 |
| Bobby Hauck | UNLV | 5 | 2010–2014 | 1 | 4 |  | .200 |
| Tony Sanchez | UNLV | 5 | 2015–2019 | 3 | 2 |  | .600 |
| Marcus Arroyo | UNLV | 3 | 2020–2022 | 1 | 2 |  | .333 |
| Barry Odom | UNLV | 1 | 2023–present | 1 | 0 |  | 1.000 |

1. Murray, Chris (November 22, 2017). "Murray: Fremont Cannon's place among top-10 rival trophies in college football". *Reno Gazette-Journal*. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
2. "Bill Ireland, Longtime Nevada Coach, Dies in Reno". KOLO TV. Aug 1, 2007. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
3. Pope, Jeff (Sep 23, 2008). "For the love of the game — and the tailgate party". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
4. Christensen, Nick (Oct 3, 2003). "Winner of rivalry nabs a unique prize". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
5. Kantowski, Ron (Oct 3, 2009). "The Elevator: Fremont Cannon edition". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
6. Maxson, Matt (September 25, 2008). "Rebels ready to paint Fremont cannon red". UNLV Rebel Yell. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
7. Balagna, Jay (October 3, 2009). "Five in a row. The cannon likes Reno better anyway". The Nevada Sagebrush. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
8. Murray, Chris (October 2, 2010). "Fremont Cannon: Rolls through history, but hard to roll". Reno-Gazette Journal. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
9. "The Fremont Canon- History of the Battle for Nevada Rivalry - Mountain West Connection". Mwcconnection.com. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
10. Hylton, Garrett (September 25, 2007). "Ault sees rivalry through knowing eyes". The Nevada Sagebrush. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
11. Anderson, Mark (October 1, 1999). "Returning Home". Reno Gazette-Journal. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
12. "MW Announces Football Schedule Rotation for 2023-25" (Press release). Mountain West Conference. July 14, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
13. "Nevada, Fresno State move to MWC". ESPN.com News Services. August 19, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
14. Tors, Jane (October 9, 2012). "Wolf Pack and Rebels announce Governor's Series". *Nevada Today*. University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
15. "Governor's Series". University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
16. "Silver State Series". University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
17. "Silver State Series". University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
18. McCurdie, Jim (March 13, 1985). "UNLV Punished for Using Ineligible Football Players". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
19. Low, Chris (June 16, 2009). "What does vacating wins really mean?". *ESPN.com*. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
20. Taylor, John (July 4, 2009). "Vacated Wins Do Not Equal Forfeits". *NBCSports.com*. NBC Sports. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
21. "Forfeits and Vacated Games". *College Football at Sports-Reference.com*.
22. "Nevada vs Nevada-Las Vegas". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2017.

## InfoBox

Fremont Cannon
| Fremont Cannon in 2005, painted with Nevada navy blue | |
| --- | --- |
| Nevada Wolf Pack   UNLV Rebels | |
| Sport | Football |
| First meeting | November 22, 1969
Nevada 30, UNLV 28 |
| Latest meeting | October 14, 2023
UNLV 45, Nevada 27 |
| Next meeting | November 30, 2024 in Las Vegas |
| Stadiums | Mackay Stadium
Reno, Nevada, U.S.
(Nevada)  ---  Allegiant Stadium
Paradise, Nevada, U.S.
(UNLV) |
| Trophy | None (1969)
Fremont Cannon (1970–present) |
| Statistics | |
| Meetings total | 49 |
| All-time series | Nevada leads, 29–20 (.592) |
| Trophy series | Nevada leads, 28–20 (.583) |
| Largest victory | Nevada, 50–8 (1991) |
| Longest win streak | Nevada, 8 (2005–2012) |
| Current win streak | UNLV, 2 (2022–present) |


title: McCall Creek, Mississippi

abstract: McCall Creek is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Mississippi. It is located in eastern Franklin County, approximately two miles west of the Franklin-Lincoln County line, and is traversed by U.S. Route 84. The community was founded by European Americans in the early 1900s and was named for the McCall family, early settlers. In 1911, the community was incorporated as the village of McCall. The village had a recorded population of 140 at the 1920 census and 169 in 1930. Thereafter, the community reverted to unincorporated status. Today, McCall Creek has a store and sawmill. It has a post office, with the ZIP code 39647. The additional two lanes went in north of the existing two-lane road. The Charles Walton Beam House is located in McCall Creek and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# McCall Creek, Mississippi

**McCall Creek** is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Mississippi. It is located in eastern Franklin County, approximately two miles west of the Franklin-Lincoln County line, and is traversed by U.S. Route 84.

The community was founded by European Americans in the early 1900s and was named for the McCall family, early settlers. In 1911, the community was incorporated as the village of McCall. The village had a recorded population of 140 at the 1920 census and 169 in 1930. Thereafter, the community reverted to unincorporated status.

Today, McCall Creek has a store and sawmill. It has a post office, with the ZIP code 39647. The additional two lanes went in north of the existing two-lane road.

The Charles Walton Beam House is located in McCall Creek and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| McCall Creek, Mississippi | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| McCall CreekMcCall Creek | |
| Coordinates: 31°30′46″N 90°41′55″W / 31.51278°N 90.69861°W / 31.51278; -90.69861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Franklin |
| Elevation | 289 ft (88 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Zip code | 39647 |
| Area code(s) | 601 & 769 |
| GNIS feature ID | 673288 |


title: McCall Glacier

abstract: McCall Glacier is located in the Goat Rocks region in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier is near to the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail and in the Goat Rocks Wilderness of Snoqualmie National Forest,.60 mi (0.97 km) southeast of Old Snowy Mountain. Packwood Glacier is.50 mi (0.80 km) to the west. Consisting of numerous small bodies of ice, the largest section of McCall Glacier is immediately east of Ives Peak.

text:
# McCall Glacier

**McCall Glacier** is located in the Goat Rocks region in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier is near to the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail and in the Goat Rocks Wilderness of Snoqualmie National Forest, .60 mi (0.97 km) southeast of Old Snowy Mountain. Packwood Glacier is .50 mi (0.80 km) to the west. Consisting of numerous small bodies of ice, the largest section of McCall Glacier is immediately east of Ives Peak (7,940 ft (2,420 m)).

## InfoBox

| McCall Glacier | |
| --- | --- |
| McCall Glacier at upper left below the summit of Old Snowy Mountain at center | |
| McCall Glacier | |
| Type | Mountain glacier |
| Location | Old Snowy Mountain, Yakima County, Washington, USA |
| Coordinates | 46°29′59″N 121°26′12″W / 46.49972°N 121.43667°W / 46.49972; -121.43667 |
| Length | .25 mi (0.40 km) |
| Terminus | Barren rock |
| Status | Retreating |