title: Thyella-class destroyer

abstract: The Thyella class of destroyers were ordered by the Royal Hellenic Navy before World War I, when the Greek government embarked on a naval buildup after losing the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. These four ships were ordered from Britain in 1905, and were among the last vessels built at the Yarrow shipyard at Cubitt Town, London, before its move to the Clyde. The class consisted of four destroyers: Lonchi, Nafkratousa, Sfendoni and Thyella.

text:
# Thyella-class destroyer

The ***Thyella* class** of destroyers were ordered by the Royal Hellenic Navy before World War I, when the Greek government embarked on a naval buildup after losing the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. These four ships were ordered from Britain in 1905, and were among the last vessels built at the Yarrow shipyard at Cubitt Town, London, before its move to the Clyde.

The class consisted of four destroyers: *Lonchi*, *Nafkratousa*, *Sfendoni* and *Thyella*.

## Design

## Ships in class

| Ship | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Nafkratousa* (Ναυκρατούσα) | 1905 | 1906 | 1906 | Run aground and wrecked on the island of Milos in March 1921 |
| *Thyella* (Θύελλα, "Storm") | 1905 | 1907 | 1907 | Bombed and sunk by the Luftwaffe, April 21, 1941 |
| *Lonchi* (Λόγχη, "Spear") | 1905 | 1907 | 1907 | Decommissioned in 1926 and broken up in 1931 |
| *Sfendoni* (Σφενδόνη, "Sling") | 1905 | 1907 | 1907 | Decommissioned after 1945 |

## InfoBox

| A silhouette of a *Thyella*-class destroyer | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Thyella* class |
| Succeeded by | *Aetos* class |
| Completed | 4 |
| Retired | 4 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Destroyer |
| Displacement | 350 tonnes |
| Length | 67.1 m (220.1 ft) |
| Beam | 6.2 m (20.3 ft) |
| Draught | 1.8 m (5.9 ft) |
| Speed | 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) |
| Armament | * 2 × 12-pounder (76 mm) guns * 4 × 6-pounder (57 mm) guns * 2 × 457 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes |


title: Mays Lick, Kentucky

abstract: Mays Lick (a.k.a. Mayslick, originally known as May's Lick) is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Mason County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 252.

text:
# Mays Lick, Kentucky

**Mays Lick** *(a.k.a.* **Mayslick**, *originally known as* **May's Lick**) is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Mason County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 252.

## History

May's Lick was founded in 1788 by six families from Scotch Plains, New Jersey:

1. Abraham Drake (1751–1805)
2. Cornelius Drake (1754–1833)
3. Isaac Drake (1756–1832), father of (i) Daniel Drake (1785–1852), American physician and author, and (ii) Benjamin Drake (1795–1841), American historian, editor, and writer; Daniel Drake's son, Charles Daniel Drake (1811–1892), was a United States Senator from Missouri and an anti-slavery politician
4. David Morris (1746–1798) and wife, Mary *née* Shotwell (1748–1806)
5. John Shotwell (1753–1826) and wife, Abigail *née* Shipman (1754–1835)

Abraham, Cornelius, and Isaac Drake were brothers, and John and Mary Shotwell were siblings.

The group purchased 1,400 acres (570 ha) of land from William May (for whom the community was named) near the salt lick in southern Mason County and began to build a community. The Mays Lick Post Office opened in 1800. Kentucky's first consolidated school and first school transportation – consisting of a horse and wagon – was founded in Mays Lick.

When May's Lick was founded (1788), Kentucky was part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. That same year, the Commonwealth of Virginia established Mason County. May's Lick became the name of the town after first being called May's Spring.

## Geography

Mays Lick is in southern Mason County, 12 miles (19 km) southwest of downtown Maysville. U.S. Route 68 runs along the eastern edge of the community, leading north to Maysville and to Ohio, and southwest 54 miles (87 km) to Lexington.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Mays Lick CDP has a total area of 0.64 square miles (1.66 km2), of which 0.002 square miles (0.005 km2), or 0.31%, are water. The community is drained by several small streams that flow north to Lees Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the North Fork of the Licking River, which joins the Ohio River at Covington.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 252 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Mays Lick Consolidated School

The Mays Lick Consolidated School was constructed in 1909–1910 for $32,500 The building was the first high school in Mason County and until 1960, was the only public high school to serve the Mays Lick District. In 1982, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Also see: May's Lick Negro School

## The May family

The same May family for whom the Mason County Seat (Maysville) is named is also the namesake for May's Lick.

* Mays Lick is named after John's brother, William May.
* Maysville is named after John May ( –1790).

The May brothers * George May ( –1795), a surveyor
* William May
* Charles May
* John May ( –1790)
* Gabriel May (1751–1813), married to Sallie Stokes (Susannah May Stokes, 1759–1815), niece of Ethan Allen (1738–1789), the hero of Ticonderoga and Crown Point

## Notable residents

* Joseph Desha (1768–1842), a congressman and the ninth governor of Kentucky
* Benjamin Drake (1795–1841), historian, editor, and writer
* Daniel Drake (1785–1852), physician, author
* John McLean (1785–1861), Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1830 to 1861
* William McLean (1794–1839), Ohio legislator
* Charles Young (1864–1922), third African-American graduate of West Point, first black U.S. national park superintendent, first black man to achieve the rank of colonel in the US Army

## InfoBox

| Mays Lick, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Mays LickMays Lick | |
| Coordinates: 38°31′01″N 83°50′42″W / 38.51694°N 83.84500°W / 38.51694; -83.84500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Mason |
| Established | 1788 |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.64 sq mi (1.66 km2) |
| Land | 0.64 sq mi (1.65 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 869 ft (265 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 252 |
| Density | 394.98/sq mi (152.42/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 41055 |
| Area code | 606 |
| FIPS code | 21-51006 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2629649 |
| Other names | Mayslick
Mays Spring
New Jersey Colony
William Mays Settlement |


title: Tidewater Railway

abstract: The Tidewater Railway, also known as the Tidewater Railway Company, was formed in 1904 as an intrastate railroad in Virginia, in the United States, by William N. Page, a civil engineer and entrepreneur, and his silent partner, millionaire industrialist Henry Huttleston Rogers of Standard Oil fame. It was put together with the intention of creating an outlet to Hampton Roads, where coal mined along their older West Virginia short-line railroad, the Deepwater Railway, could be exported. In 1906, Thomas Davis Ranson served as vice president. In 1907, the Tidewater Railway was renamed the "Virginian Railway". A short time later, the Virginian Railway acquired its sister, the Deepwater Railway. Before the Tidewater division of the Virginian was linked to the Deepwater line, it played an important role, in conjunction with the regional Norfolk and Southern Railway, in transporting thousands of people to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907, an event marking the three-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the British colony at Jamestown. It took two years to complete, but in 1909, both portions were finally completed, and coal exports, from a new coal pier at Sewell's Point, began. In 1959, the Virginian Railway was merged with the Norfolk and Western Railway. This was the first major U.S. railroad merger of the last half of the twentieth century, an era of rampant mergers, acquisitions, and consolidations among the American railroads.

text:
# Tidewater Railway

The **Tidewater Railway**, also known as the **Tidewater Railway Company**, was formed in 1904 as an intrastate railroad in Virginia, in the United States, by William N. Page, a civil engineer and entrepreneur, and his silent partner, millionaire industrialist Henry Huttleston Rogers of Standard Oil fame. It was put together with the intention of creating an outlet to Hampton Roads, where coal mined along their older West Virginia short-line railroad, the Deepwater Railway, could be exported. In 1906, Thomas Davis Ranson served as vice president.

In 1907, the Tidewater Railway was renamed the "Virginian Railway". A short time later, the Virginian Railway acquired its sister, the Deepwater Railway. Before the Tidewater division of the Virginian was linked to the Deepwater line, it played an important role, in conjunction with the regional Norfolk and Southern Railway, in transporting thousands of people to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907, an event marking the three-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the British colony at Jamestown. It took two years to complete, but in 1909, both portions (the Tidewater portion and the Deepwater portion) were finally completed, and coal exports, from a new coal pier at Sewell's Point, began.

In 1959, the Virginian Railway was merged with the Norfolk and Western Railway. This was the first major U.S. railroad merger of the last half of the twentieth century, an era of rampant mergers, acquisitions, and consolidations among the American railroads.


title: Tietäjän laulu

abstract: Tietäjän laulu is the second full-length album by Russian post-rock band Kauan, released on BadMoodMan Music in 2008.

text:
# Tietäjän laulu

***Tietäjän laulu*** (Finnish for "The Song of the Sage") is the second full-length album by Russian post-rock band Kauan, released on BadMoodMan Music in 2008.

## Track listing

1. "Vmesto slez" – 6:37
2. "Kyynelten sijaan" – 09:25
3. "Pesnja materi" – 06:01
4. "Äidin laulu" – 12:02
5. "Prozrachni cvetok" – 8:12
6. "Orkidea" – 10:34

## Personnel

* Anton Belov – guitar, vocals, keyboards, programming
* Lubov Mushnikova – violin
* Mihail Korotkov – bagpipes
* Artur Andriasän – keyboards
* Tyurgan Kam – tambourine, vocals
* Katerina Ershova – vocals

## InfoBox

| Tietäjän laulu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kauan | |
| Released | June 26, 2008 |
| Genre | Post-rock, ambient, doom metal |
| Length | 44:51 |
| Label | BadMoodMan Music |
| Kauan chronology | |
| *Lumikuuro*
(2007) ***Tietäjän laulu***
(2008) *Aava tuulen maa*
(2009) | |


title: Tim Holding

abstract: Timothy James Holding is a former Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1999 to 2013. He served as minister for water; minister for finance, WorkCover and the Transport Accident Commission; and minister for tourism and major events in the Brumby Ministry.

text:
# Tim Holding

**Timothy James Holding** (born 21 August 1972) is a former Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1999 to 2013. He served as minister for water; minister for finance, WorkCover and the Transport Accident Commission; and minister for tourism and major events in the Brumby Ministry.

## Early life

Holding was educated at Haileybury College and the University of Melbourne, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws in 1997. From the early 1990s he was active in the Australian Labor Party and Young Labor; being elected President of Australian Young Labor in 1993; working as an electorate officer to state and federal Members of Parliament, and later as an assistant ministerial adviser, including for Senator Robert Ray (Minister for Defence).

He served in 126 Signals Squadron of the 1st Commando Regiment in the Australian Army Reserve from 1991 until 1993.

## Political career

### Local government

Holding served on the City of Waverley council between 1992 and 1994.

### State government

In 1999, Holding was elected to Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Member for Springvale at the age of 27. In 2002 he was elected the Member for Lyndhurst and appointed minister for manufacturing and exports, and minister for the financial services industry. Earning praise from former premier, Steve Bracks, as a 'rising star' of the government he was promoted in 2005 to the position of minister for police and emergency services and minister for corrections.

Although there was a swing of 3.0% against Labor, Holding easily won the safe Labor seat of Lyndhurst in the 2006 state election by a margin of 25.1%.

After the 2006 election, he was given the portfolios of finance (including WorkCover and the Transport Accident Commission) and tourism as well as information and communication technology. Some initially saw this as a demotion, but Premier Steve Bracks described Holding as having done a 'great job' with finance being seen as central to government decision-making with fewer potential political difficulties than the notoriously tricky police portfolio.

Due to his relative youth and prominence, Holding has often been touted as a possible future Victorian Labor leader. He is recognised for his ability to master complex policy issues and combine this with his political capacity. Holding is well regarded by his colleagues who would value these attributes in the event of a vacancy for the Labor leadership. Holding suffered some criticism for his performance as police minister, however this would be unlikely to effect his chances of promotion given his steady performance in his current portfolios.

He was promoted in an August 2007 reshuffle following the ascension of John Brumby to the premiership, receiving the responsibilities he held until the Labor party was voted out in the 2010 election. Holding had been touted as a serious candidate for treasurer, but lost out to John Lenders.

On 15 February 2013, Holding announced his resignation as shadow treasurer, shadow minister for industry and as the Member for Lyndhurst.

## Post-political career

Since retiring from Parliament, Holding completed a master's in advanced global studies at SciencesPo in Paris. In February 2018, he was appointed as a visiting professor at King's College in London. He has since bought the Château de Purnon in France and is renovating it with his partner. He won a French prize, the Loto du Patrimoine, to help finance the renovation.

## Disappearance and rescue

On 31 August 2009, Holding was reported missing after he failed to return from a solo hiking expedition of Mount Feathertop, Victoria's second highest mountain, having walked up the Bungalow Spur. He was due to return at 4pm on Sunday 30 August, but made no contact with his family. Holding was located by the Australian Federal Police and was rescued on 1 September by a Victoria Police helicopter during a large scale search involving the Victoria Police Search and Rescue Squad, the State Emergency Service and Bush Search and Rescue Victoria.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableTim Holding | |
| --- | --- |
| Tim Holding, 2009 | |
|  | |
| Minister for Tourism and Major Events | |
| **In office**
3 August 2007  2 December 2010 | |
| Premier | John Brumby |
| Preceded by | John Pandazopoulos (Tourism) |
| Succeeded by | Louise Asher |
| Minister for Water | |
| **In office**
3 August 2007  2 December 2010 | |
| Premier | John Brumby |
| Preceded by | John Thwaites |
| Succeeded by | Peter Walsh |
| Minister for Finance, WorkCover and the Transport Accident Commission | |
| **In office**
December 2006  2 December 2010 | |
| Premier | John Brumby (2007–)
Steve Bracks (2006–2007) |
| Preceded by | John Lenders (Finance, WorkCover and Transport Accident Commission) |
| Succeeded by | Robert Clark (finance) |
| Member of the Victorian Parliament
for Lyndhurst | |
| **In office**
30 November 2002  18 February 2013 | |
| Preceded by | New creation |
| Succeeded by | Martin Pakula |
| Member of the Victorian Parliament
for Springvale | |
| **In office**
18 September 1999  30 November 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Eddie Micallef |
| Succeeded by | Seat abolished |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-08-21) 21 August 1972
Melbourne |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Political party | Labor |
| Alma mater | University of Melbourne |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Australian Army Reserve |
| Years of service | 1991–1993 |
| Unit | 1st Commando Regiment |
|  | |


title: Fremantle Trades Hall

abstract: The Fremantle Trades Hall is a two-storey former trade union hall in Fremantle that was built during the gold boom period and completed in 1904. The building is located at the corner of Pakenham and Collie Streets in the west end conservation area of the city.

text:
# Fremantle Trades Hall

The **Fremantle Trades Hall** is a two-storey former trade union hall in Fremantle that was built during the gold boom period and completed in 1904. The building is located at the corner of Pakenham and Collie Streets in the west end conservation area of the city.

## Description

The two storey building was originally tuck pointed, is now painted and was designed in the Federation Free Classical style of architecture. It was constructed using flemish bond brick and has a corrugated iron roof. The ground floor at the centre of the façade is a frontispiece projection acting as an entryway supported by pillars which both have stone plaques and archivolt front and sides. Atop the second floor is a decorative parapet featuring a symmetrical pediment with an "888" decorative motif. Above the timber framed windows is a string course that joins the stucco arches. The entire building is set back slightly diagonally from the street and pavement. The "888" motif on the façade pediment means "8 hours work, 8 hours leisure and 8 hours sleep", which was a core belief of the union movement.

## History

In 1900 a delegation of about 30 trade union officials representing the engineers, lumpers, railway workers, carpenters, engine drivers and boiler makers accompanied by local members of Parliament Alfred Kidson, John Higham, Elias Solomon, Joseph John Holmes and Denis Doherty met with Premier John Forrest to discuss the Government providing a site for a hall, or, if no site were available, providing a monetary grant for the purchase of one. Three sites were inspected later the same month including the current site, which was the site of the Government Analysts, and Stock Inspectors offices, at the corners of the Esplanade, Collie, Packenham, and Henry Streets. The site was granted by the Government to the labour bodies of Fremantle for use as a Trades Hall. The ground was also known as the Old Customs House site.

The foundation stone was laid on 26 March 1901 by John Forrest. Also in attendance were F. Gates, the chairman of the building committee and J.J. Cooke, the committee secretary, who presented Forrest with a silver trowel and a jarrah mallet, the former bearing the inscription:

> Presented to the Right Hon. Sir John Forrest, P.C., G.C.M.G., D.C.L., M.H.R., Federal Minister of Defence, on the occasion of his laying the foundation stone of the Fremantle Trades Hall, 26th March. 1901. Vivunt dum virent."

The building was opened on 23 January 1904 before a large crowd in a ceremony led by the mayor of North Fremantle, E. Gilleland. The newly elected member for Fremantle, William Carpenter, unveiled both the existing foundation stone and a newly laid stone commemorating the victory of the Labour Party at the last federal election. The building had been constructed at a cost of £2,564, but by the time all extras were paid it would be found that the building would cost closer to £3,000. It had been built using entirely union labour.

An opening ceremony was held on 4 March 1904 in the form of a smoke social. Over two hundred guests were at the ceremony including the premier, Walter James.

The building was then used as the headquarters for the Fremantle Labour and Trade Union movement, particularly the 50 maritime and other unions associated with the Fremantle Port, until the 1960s. By 1962 the building stood empty and was eventually sold by auction in 1968 for A$21,000. It was later used as a theatre named the Old Trades Music Hall and in 1974 became a restaurant. The Rajneesh movement acquired the lease in 1981 and opened a restaurant Zorba the Buddha. By 1992 it was being used as a convention centre by the Esplanade Hotel.

## InfoBox

| Fremantle Trades Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Facade of the Fremantle Trades Hall | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Heritage registered |
| Type | Hall |
| Address | 6 Collie Street |
| Town or city | Fremantle, Western Australia |
| Country | Australia |
| Coordinates | 32°03′25″S 115°44′45″E / 32.0570°S 115.7457°E / -32.0570; 115.7457 |
| Construction started | 26 March 1901 |
| Completed | 1904 |
| Opened | 23 January 1904 |
| Height | |
| Architectural | Federation Free Classical |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 2 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Joseph F. Allen |
|  | |
| Western Australia Heritage Register | |
| Type | State Registered Place |
| Part of | West End, Fremantle (25225) |
| Reference no. | 864 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Fremantle Team of Legends

abstract: The Fremantle Team of Legends was selected to recognise legends of Australian rules football in Fremantle, Western Australia.

text:
# Fremantle Team of Legends

The **Fremantle Team of Legends** was selected to recognise legends of Australian rules football in Fremantle, Western Australia.

## Selection criteria

The main selection criteria for players selected in the team was that they must have played 100 games for either of the Fremantle-based WAFA/WAFL/WANFL clubs. The players must have also been significant figures in Australian rules football and their club(s).

### Selectors

Choosing the team were:

## Team

The final selected team was announced at the Foundation Day Derby Ball on 2 June 2007. It also involved the commissioning of a jumper to commemorate the team which consisted of the colours of the two Fremantle WAFL teams. The sleeveless jumper is predominantly white with red trimming around the neck and sleeve lines and two blue thin hoops around the stomach region with a Titan holding a shield in the left hand and sword in the right. The word "Fremantle" is above the Titan and "Legends" is below the Titan.

Fremantle Team of Legends
| **:** | Brad Hardie (South Fremantle) | Con Regan (East Fremantle) | Jack Clarke (East Fremantle) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **HB:** | Norm Rogers (East Fremantle) | Frank Jenkins (South Fremantle) | Carlisle Jarvis (East Fremantle) |
| **:** | John Todd (South Fremantle) | Ray Sorrell (East Fremantle) | William 'Nipper' Truscott (East Fremantle) |
| **HF:** | Len Crabbe (South Fremantle) | John Gerovich (South Fremantle) | Maurice Rioli (South Fremantle) |
| **:** | Jack Sheedy (East Fremantle) – co-captain | Bernie Naylor (South Fremantle) | George Doig (East Fremantle)
 |
| **Foll:** | Stephen Michael (South Fremantle) | Brian Peake (East Fremantle) | Steve Marsh (East Fremantle) – co-captain
 |
| **Int:** | Doug Green (East Fremantle) | Tom Grljusich (South Fremantle) | Graham Melrose (East Fremantle) |
| | Dave Woods (East Fremantle) |  |
 |
| **Coach:** | Jerry Dolan (East Fremantle) | | |


title: Tiger, My Friend

abstract: Tiger, My Friend is the first album by electronica band Psapp. It was originally released on The Leaf Label and was later reissued by Domino Records, which now controls Psapp's entire catalog.

text:
# Tiger, My Friend

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 78/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
| *Rockfeedback* | link |
| Stylus Magazine | link |

***Tiger, My Friend*** is the first album by electronica band Psapp. It was originally released on The Leaf Label and was later reissued by Domino Records, which now controls Psapp's entire catalog.

## Reception

Gemma Padley in a review for BBC called it a "highly skillful album but not one for the masses", and said, "the unfussy quirky instrumentation and simple cylindrical melodic fragments create an intensity bubbling just below the surface. Every tiny fragment is carefully placed creating uniquely woven canvases".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Psapp, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Northdown Flat B1" |  | 0:31 |
| 2. | "Rear Moth" |  | 3:56 |
| 3. | "Leaving in Coffins" |  | 4:13 |
| 4. | "Calm Down" | Psapp, Tim Whelan | 4:21 |
| 5. | "Velvet Pony" |  | 3:48 |
| 6. | "About Fun" |  | 3:42 |
| 7. | "Curuncula" |  | 5:45 |
| 8. | "King Kong" |  | 4:10 |
| 9. | "The Counter" |  | 3:51 |
| 10. | "Chapter" |  | 2:40 |
| 11. | "Tiger, My Friend" |  | 4:03 |

## Personnel

**Psapp**

* Carim Clasmann
* Galia Durant

**Additional personnel**

* Shawn Lee \- drums, "Rear Moth"
* Matt Wasser - beer can, "Tiger, My Friend"
* Splodge the cat - squeaks, "About Fun"

* Several of the tracks were originally available on EPs released earlier by the band:
* "Leaving in Coffins" has been released under the titles "Electricity In Pine Boxes" and "Attention Tokyo."

## InfoBox

| Tiger, My Friend | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art by Galia Durant | |
| Studio album by Psapp | |
| Released | November 2, 2004 |
| Recorded | 2004 |
| Studio | Fishtank Studios, London |
| Genre | Electronica |
| Length | 41:06 |
| Label | Domino Recording Company |
| Producer | Carim Clasmann
Galia Durant |
| Psapp chronology | |
| *Buttons and War EP*
(2004) ***Tiger, My Friend***
(2004) *The Only Thing I Ever Wanted*
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Original Cover | |
|  | |
| The original Leaf Label cover of *Tiger, My Friend* | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Maxime de la Rochefoucauld

abstract: Maxime Rioux known by his stage name Maxime De La Rochefoucauld is a Canadian musician and performance artist based in Montreal, Quebec. Rioux is best known for his compositions produced on musical instruments that are homemade and often built specifically for a single live performance. Most instruments of his Système Ki, as Rioux calls it, are not played directly by a musician. Instead they are mechanically linked to a woofer that is driven by an inaudible, extremely low frequency electrical signal. The signal, in the range of 1-10 Hz, is most often generated on a synthesizer and prerecorded, but may be played live or be generated from other electrical sources. The name "Ki" refers to the Japanese translation of Qi, the notion of a vital energy that animates all things. Rioux is the brother of French-Canadian stage and film actress Geneviève Rioux.

text:
# Maxime de la Rochefoucauld

**Maxime Rioux** (born October 29, 1959) known by his stage name **Maxime De La Rochefoucauld** is a Canadian musician and performance artist based in Montreal, Quebec.

Rioux is best known for his compositions produced on musical instruments that are homemade and often built specifically for a single live performance. Most instruments (usually string or percussion) of his **Système Ki**, as Rioux calls it, are not played directly by a musician. Instead they are mechanically linked to a woofer that is driven by an inaudible, extremely low frequency electrical signal. The signal, in the range of 1-10 Hz, is most often generated on a synthesizer and prerecorded, but may be played live or be generated from other electrical sources.

The name "Ki" refers to the Japanese translation of Qi, the notion of a vital energy that animates all things.

Rioux is the brother of French-Canadian stage and film actress Geneviève Rioux.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Automates Ki*, Plastique Records, 1997
* *Collection Somnambule*, Disques Pout Pout, 2002
* *Orchestraki*, Storyboard Records, 2006


title: Maxime Zianveni

abstract: Maxime Zianveni is a French-born Central African professional basketball coach and former player, who played at the power forward position. He is current head coach of the Central African Republic national basketball team. He played for several clubs in France during his playing career.

text:
# Maxime Zianveni

**Maxime Zianveni** (born 29 December 1979) is a French-born Central African professional basketball coach and former player, who played at the power forward position. He is current head coach of the Central African Republic national basketball team. He played for several clubs in France during his playing career.

## Coaching career

On 23 April 2020, Zianveni signed as head coach of Le Cannet of the Nationale Masculine 2 (NM2), France's fourth tier league.

He became the head coach of the Central African Republic national basketball team in 2021, and coached the country at FIBA AfroBasket 2021.

On July 6, 2022, he has signed with SLUC Nancy Basket of the LNB Pro A as an assistant coach.

## InfoBox

Maxime Zianveni
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1979-12-29) 29 December 1979<br>Nancy, France |
| Nationality | French / Central African |
| Listed height | 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) |
| Career information | |
| Playing career | 1997–2020 |
| Position | Power forward |
| Number | 54 |
| Coaching career | 2020–present |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 1997–2007 | SLUC Nancy Basket |
| 2007–2008 | AEL Limassol |
| 2008 | APOEL Nicosia |
| 2009 | Hyères-Toulon Var |
| 2009–2010 | Élan Chalon |
| 2010–2011 | STB Le Havre |
| 2011–2013 | Strasbourg IG |
| 2013–2015 | SLUC Nancy Basket |
| 2015–2016 | Charleville |
| 2016–2017 | Boulazac |
| 2017–2020 | Le Cannet |
| As coach: | |
| 2020–2021 | Le Cannet |
| 2021–present | Central African Republic |
| 2022–2024 | SLUC Nancy Basket (assistant) |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Maximiana in Byzacena

abstract: Maximiana in Byzacena is a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church. It goes back to a former bishopric in the Roman province of Byzacena or Africa proconsularis in the Sahel region of Tunisia. The cathedra of the diocese was in a town of the Roman empire called Maximiana, one of several towns by this name in Roman North Africa. The exact location of this Maximiana is unknown, but it was somewhere near Sousse. It was a Civitas of the Roman Province of Africa Proconsularis, and in late Antiquity the province of Byzacena, in modern Sahel region of Tunisia. The current bishop of Maximiana in Byzacena is Gerardo Alimane Alminaza of the Philippines.

text:
# Maximiana in Byzacena

**Maximiana in Byzacena** (Italian : Massimiana di Bizacena ) is a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church . It goes back to a former bishopric in the Roman province of Byzacena or Africa proconsularis in the Sahel region of Tunisia.

The cathedra of the diocese was in a town of the Roman empire called Maximiana, one of several towns by this name in Roman North Africa. The exact location of this Maximiana is unknown, but it was somewhere near Sousse. It was a Civitas of the Roman Province of Africa Proconsularis, and in late Antiquity the province of Byzacena, in modern Sahel region of Tunisia.

The current bishop of Maximiana in Byzacena is Gerardo Alimane Alminaza of the Philippines.


title: Freeborn Man of the Traveling People

abstract:
Freeborn Man of the Travelling People is a folk ballad,
written by Ewan MacColl for The Travelling People, which was first
broadcast in 1964, one of eight BBC "Radio
Ballads." It portrays the lifestyle of Ireland and Britain's nomadic people. It has been recorded by Dick Gaughan, Liam Clancy, Christy Moore, The Johnstons, Cherish the Ladies, Bobby Clancy, Patrick Clifford, The Southern Folk Four, Schooner Fare, Hank Williams Jr, and Luke Kelly..

text:
# Freeborn Man of the Traveling People

**Freeborn Man of the Travelling People** is a folk ballad, written by Ewan MacColl for *The Travelling People,* which was first broadcast in 1964, one of eight BBC "Radio Ballads."

It portrays the lifestyle of Ireland and Britain's nomadic people.

It has been recorded by Dick Gaughan, Liam Clancy, Christy Moore, The Johnstons, Cherish the Ladies, Bobby Clancy, Patrick Clifford, The Southern Folk Four, Schooner Fare, Hank Williams Jr, and Luke Kelly.

.


title: Maylands, Western Australia

abstract: Maylands is a riverside inner-city suburb approximately 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) northeast of Perth centred on the Midland and High Wycombe railway lines on the northern bank of the Swan River. The suburb was developed during the 1890s and is an administrative locality within the City of Bayswater, bordered by the suburbs of Mount Lawley, East Perth and Bayswater. Maylands railway station provides easy access to the City centre and beyond. The railway line was originally built in the 1880s, and the railway station was extensively refurbished in 2000. Recently a shared bicycle / pedestrian path was built to link Maylands with neighbouring suburbs via the shoreline of the Swan River. There is also a small yacht club and a golf course. Maylands was once a source of clay for brick and tile making at Maylands Brickworks, and the pits from these activities are now part of a golf course and residential area. It was home to Perth's main airport which serviced many kinds of aircraft and even flying boats until the early 1960s, when the airport moved to Perth Airport. The facilities were then converted to a training area for the Western Australian Police Service.

text:
# Maylands, Western Australia

**Maylands** is a riverside inner-city suburb approximately 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) northeast of Perth centred on the Midland and High Wycombe railway lines on the northern bank of the Swan River.

The suburb was developed during the 1890s and is an administrative locality within the City of Bayswater (having been mostly within the City of Stirling until 1998), bordered by the suburbs of Mount Lawley, East Perth and Bayswater. Maylands railway station provides easy access to the City centre and beyond. The railway line was originally built in the 1880s, and the railway station was extensively refurbished in 2000. Recently a shared bicycle / pedestrian path was built to link Maylands with neighbouring suburbs via the shoreline of the Swan River. There is also a small yacht club and a golf course.

Maylands was once a source of clay for brick and tile making at Maylands Brickworks, and the pits from these activities are now part of a golf course and residential area. It was home to Perth's main airport which serviced many kinds of aircraft and even flying boats until the early 1960s, when the airport moved to Perth Airport. The facilities were then converted to a training area for the Western Australian Police Service.

## History

In 1896, the name "Maylands" was first used to identify the area, appearing on a poster advertising a land auction. However the exact reason how the area got its name is something of a mystery. One theory is that Mephan Ferguson (owner of the local foundry) was responsible for naming the area, in honour of his aunt and daughter whom were both named May. Another theory is the area was named by Edgar. W. Hamer (Golds Estates of Australia) after he inspected land in the locality sometime in the month of May.

### Historic Peninsula Hotel

The Peninsula Hotel is located on Railway Parade in Maylands, Perth. The hotel was built in 1906 by well known building contractor, Friederich Wilhelm Gustave Liebe.

### Old Maylands Aerodrome

The Maylands Aerodrome was built at Maylands to support West Australian Airways Ltd, which flew the first commercial air service in Australia (before Qantas).

Maylands Airport was where Charles Kingsford Smith made his landing to complete the first non-stop flight across Australia. On 8 August 1928, the "Southern Cross" took off from Point Cook near Melbourne and set course for Perth, a distance of over 3,200 kilometres (1,990 mi). The first part of the flight Kingsford-Smith described as rather dull, while the second part was made thoroughly unpleasant by a cloud cover their heavy machine couldn't rise out of. For hours they endured the bitter cold and when daylight finally came, they discovered that they had drifted off course to Bunbury, 180 kilometres (112 mi) to the south. After their arrival at Maylands airport they found that summer rains had turned the field more or less into a swamp.

During World War II, Maylands Airfield was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). From February 1942, it was also used by the United States Army Air Forces for refuelling and aircraft ferrying purposes. Between 6 April 1942 and 5 August 1943, No. 35 Squadron, flying Avro Ansons, was based at Maylands to transport supplies and passengers to Allied units throughout Western Australia, as well as supporting the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Army.

### Revitalisation

In December 2009, the City of Bayswater endorsed the Maylands Activity Centre Urban Design Framework following widespread community consultation. The Urban Design Framework provides the strategic direction for the future of the Maylands town centre. This document has been instrumental in guiding the ongoing revitalisation of the Maylands town centre.

Over recent years, Maylands' revitalisation has gathered significant momentum, with a variety of new developments and businesses bringing new residents and vibrancy to the town centre. New bars, cafés and restaurants, along with gourmet food and retail outlets have all contributed to an ongoing transformation of the Maylands town centre into a lively, diverse and inclusive destination.

## Culture and arts

### Western Australian Ballet

The West Australian Ballet Centre is situated on the historical site of the former Blind Institute in Maylands. The history of the building site dates back to 1897 when the Victoria Institute and the Industrial School for the Blind was developed as a part of the celebrations for the 60th year of Queen Victoria’s reign.

This magnificent building has become a symbol that illustrates Perth’s short history. With its high ceilings, rustic wooded floors, classical charm and character, the building sets a perfect tone for the West Australian Ballet. The building’s disposition provides the artistic team with a creative and innovative backdrop to aid in the creation of world class productions.

### Lyric Lane

The recent Council approval of the Lyric Lane Bar and Café has seen the establishment of a purpose-built venue consisting of a bar, cafe and a live music basement, which provides for new cultural pursuits in the town centre. The project is now open.

### WA Youth Jazz Orchestra

It has recently been announced that the Western Australian Youth Jazz Orchestra will soon take up residence in the old Maylands Hall at the corner of Eighth Avenue and Guildford Road.

## Community

### Community groups

A variety of community groups including Creative Maylands, Local Arts and Community Events Inc (LACE), Maylands Residents and Ratepayers Association, Maylands Historical and Peninsula Association (Inc) and Maylands Business Association provide a supportive backbone of active and passionate community members who seek to ensure that the values of the Maylands people are reflected both in its present and future.

#### Local Arts and Community Events Inc (LACE)

LACE is the not-for-profit organiser of the Maylands Hawker Markets, and new organiser of the Maylands Street Festival. LACE is about creating free to attend, inclusive community events to help reconnect community.

#### Creative Maylands

Since October 2010, Creative Maylands has been managing and supporting activities that creatively enrich the Maylands neighbourhood. They aim to connect people and ideas to help make Maylands a great place to live, work, and visit.

#### Maylands Residents and Ratepayers Association

#### Maylands Business Association

The association has a strong group of local businesses working together to improve Maylands and make it a destination venue for the community and the promotion of business interests, The group is active with Council and State Government to help form policies consistent to their vision for Maylands.

#### Maylands Historical Society

Maylands Historical Society was formed in October 1992 at a public meeting held in the Maylands Library. They were promoted by the Maylands Ratepayers and Residents Association and declared the Maylands Historical Society by the Mayor of the City of Stirling. By June 2003 the name became Maylands Historical and Peninsula Association.

### Community facilities

#### RISE

The City of Bayswater's RISE (Recreation, Information, Socialising and Entertainment) was opened in July 2011 and replaced the former Alma Venville Centre with a larger, more contemporary facility. The RISE is a multi purpose community centre that includes a library, gymnasium, cafe, creche, dry courts, function rooms, meeting rooms and a community hall.

#### Maylands Yacht Club

The Maylands Yacht Club is located on the Swan River on the Maylands foreshore. The MYC is a family oriented club, with a strong emphasis on enjoyment and helping those who want to learn to sail. The Club sails a variety of classes from the single handed Laser, Sabre and Spiral, to a number of two-handed dinghies including Mirrors and 125s, and the popular trailer-sailer Hartley TS 16.

#### Maylands Tennis Club

The Maylands Tennis Club is a boutique grass court club in a secluded location on the Maylands Peninsula, overlooking the Swan River. The Club operates all year round, with 14 grass courts and 3 hard courts (four grass courts over the winter months). The club provides for competitive tennis for players of a wide range of abilities and is renowned for its social activities year-round.

#### Maylands Cricket Club

The Maylands Cricket Club is based at De Lacy Reserve. A small community club who function throughout the summer months. Founded in 1958/59 as the Peninsula Cricket Club, before changing to Maylands Peninsula Cricket Club in the 70's before finally being called Maylands Cricket Club in 1989.

## Demographics

Maylands' population at the Australian Bureau of Statistics's 2016 census was 12,577. This is an increase on the 12,353 recorded at the 2011 census, 10,448 recorded at the 2006 census, and the 9,721 recorded at the 2001 census. 51.2% of residents are male, and 48.8% are female, compared to the national average of 49.3% male and 50.7% female. The median age is 34, which is below the Western Australian average of 36, and 38.0% of residents over the age of 15 are married, which is below the state average of 48.8%. Out of the suburb's 6,908 dwellings, 5,647 were occupied and 1,261 were not. Out of the 5,647 occupied dwellings, 1,742 were detached houses, 1,948 were semi-detached and 1,936 were apartments or flats. The proportion of apartments or flats, 34.3%, is significantly above the state average of 5.7%. 984 were owned outright, 1,723 were owned with a mortgage, 2,778 were rented and 156 were other or not stated. The proportion of dwellings rented, 49.2%, is significantly above the state average of 28.3%.

The median weekly household income was $1,449, which is lower than the state, which is at $1,595, but slightly above that of the nation as a whole, at $1,438. Major industries that residents worked in were hospitals (4.5%), cafes and restaurants (4.4%), state government administration (3.3%), iron ore mining (2.2%) and computer system design and related services (2.1%).

The population of Maylands is predominantly Australian born, with 49.8% of residents born in Australia, although this is below the state average of 60.3%. The next-most-common birthplaces are India (6.5%), England (6.1%), New Zealand (2.4%), Ireland (1.6%) and China, excluding Taiwan and special administrative regions (1.3%). 28.2% of residents had both parents born in Australia, and 51.1% had neither parent born in Australia. The most popular religious affiliations were none (35.8%), Catholic (19.9%), Anglican (7.9%) and Hinduism (5.1%).

## Education

The only school in Maylands is Maylands Peninsula Primary School, a public primary school with approximately 670 students from Kindergarten to year 6. It opened in 2004 as an amalgamation of Maylands Primary School and East Maylands Primary School. Maylands Primary School was the first school in Maylands, opening in 1903. East Maylands Primary School was established in 1954. The former site of Maylands Primary School is now used by the Constable Care Safety School.

There are no secondary schools in Maylands, but the suburb is within the local intake areas of John Forrest Secondary College and Mount Lawley Senior High School.

Maylands is also home to the Western Australian Department of Education's Instrumental Music School Services, which provides instrumental music services to public schools in Western Australia, including instrumental teachers, curricula, instrument loans and other services for the provision of music lessons at schools.

## Transport

### Bus

### Rail

## InfoBox

| Maylands
Perth, Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking south down Eighth Avenue from Maylands railway station | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 31°55′45″S 115°53′50″E / 31.9291384°S 115.897344°E / -31.9291384; 115.897344 |
| Population | 13,199 (SAL 2021) |
| Established | 1830s |
| Postcode(s) | 6051 |
| Area | 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi) |
| Location | 5 km (3 mi) NE of the Perth CBD |
| LGA(s) | City of Bayswater |
| State electorate(s) | Maylands |
| Federal division(s) | Perth |
| **Suburbs around Maylands:**  Inglewood Bedford Bayswater  Mount Lawley Maylands Bayswater  Burswood Rivervale Ascot | |


title: Mayumi Kawasaki

abstract: Mayumi Kita is a Japanese race walker from Ibaraki Prefecture. She represented her country in the 20 km race walk at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. Her personal best time for the 20 km race walk is 1:28:49 hours. A three-time Asian Race Walk Champion, she is a former national record holder and the second fastest Japanese race walker after Masumi Fuchise. Kawasaki has competed at the World Championships in Athletics on four occasions, with her best finish being tenth in 2007.

text:
# Mayumi Kawasaki

**Mayumi Kita** (喜多 真裕美, *Kita Mayumi*, née **Kawasaki** (川崎), born 10 May 1980) is a Japanese race walker from Ibaraki Prefecture. She represented her country in the 20 km race walk at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. Her personal best time for the 20 km race walk is 1:28:49 hours.

A three-time Asian Race Walk Champion, she is a former national record holder and the second fastest Japanese race walker after Masumi Fuchise. Kawasaki has competed at the World Championships in Athletics on four occasions, with her best finish being tenth in 2007.

## Career

Born in Fukushima Prefecture, she grew up in Kasama, Ibaraki and began competing in racewalking as a teenager. Her first international success came at the 1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships, where she came second behind China's Li Yurui in the 10,000 metres track walk. She made her senior breakthrough in 2003 with wins at the Japanese Corporate event and the Japanese National Games, before going on to set a national record time of 1:32:16 hours. She improved this to 1:31:19 hours at the 2004 Japanese Championships and was selected for the Olympic team, although injuries resulted in a slow finish in 40th place.

Kawasaki defended her national title in 2005 and competed for Japan at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics, improved upon her previous global level performance by ranking 31st overall. She closed the year with an appearance at the 2005 East Asian Games, where she was beaten into fourth place by compatriot Sachiko Konishi. Injuries affected her the following year, forcing a withdrawal from the 2006 Asian Games, although she managed to place sixth at that year's Asian Race Walking Championships and 52nd at the IAAF World Race Walking Cup. In 2007 her national record was beaten by Masumi Fuchise, but Kawasaki rebounded with a personal best and record time of 1:28:56 hours to win the 2007 Asian Race Walking Championships. Later that season she came tenth at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics held in Osaka – this was the best ever finish by a Japanese woman in the event.

She took part in her second race under one and a half hours in Kobe in 2008, winning the national title race in 1:29:28 hours. Kawasaki won the Asian title for a second year running and was selected for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where she was the third best Asian finisher with her 13th-place finish in 1:29:43 hours. She joined Fujitsu's track and field club in November 2008. The 2009 Japanese Race Walking Championships saw Kawasaki and national rival Fuchise deliver the fastest times for Japanese walkers: Kawasaki improved her best to 1:28:49 hours, but Fuchise won the title 46 seconds ahead of her. Kawasaki adopted an aggressive walking tactic at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, but the method did not pay off as she was disqualified for lifting – the first such disqualification in her professional career.

She won her third consecutive Asian title at the end of 2009 and went on to post a high finish of seventh place at the 2010 IAAF World Race Walking Cup. She was fourth in the race walk at the 2010 Asian Games and made her fourth straight appearance at the World Championships with her 22nd-place finish at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu. At the 2012 Japanese championships in Nomi City she came second behind Masumi Fuchise.

## Retirement

Kawasaki retired soon after returning to Japan from the 2012 London Olympics. She left Fujitsu in January 2013. She got married and, with her husband, runs Kitahachi Onsen Inn in Komatsu City, Ishikawa Prefecture.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Japan | | | | | |
| 1999 | Asian Junior Championships | Singapore | 2nd | 10,000 m | 52:36.98 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 40th | 20 km | 1:37:56 |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 31st | 20 km | 1:37:30 |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 10th | 20 km | 1:33:35 |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 13th | 20 km | 1:29:43 |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany |  | 20 km | DQ |
| | Asian Championships | Guangzhou, China | 1st | 20 km | 1:30:12 |
| 2010 | World Race Walking Cup | Chihuahua, Mexico | 7th | 20 km | 1:34:53 |
| | Asian Games | Guangzhou, China | 4th | 20 km | 1:35:13 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 22nd | 20 km | 1:35:03 |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 18th | 20 km | 1:30:20 |

## InfoBox

Mayumi Kawasaki
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 喜多 真裕美, Kita Mayumi |
| Birth name | Mayumi Kawasaki (川崎 真裕美, *Kawasaki Mayumi*) |
| Born | (1980-05-10) May 10, 1980<br>Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan |
| Height | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+12 in) |
| Weight | 52 kg (115 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Japan |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | 20km Race Walk |
| Medal record      Asian Athletics Championships  2009 Guangzhou 20 km race walk | |


title: French forces in Afghanistan

abstract:
French forces in Afghanistan were involved in the War in Afghanistan from late 2001, until fully withdrawing by 2014. They operated within two distinct frameworks:
  - the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), carried out by NATO on a United Nations mandate
  - "Operation Enduring Freedom", under US command, as part of the War on Terror. French forces have contributed to both chapters in several national operations:
  - Opération Pamir with the ISAF,
  - Opération Héraklès for the naval and air components
  - Opération Épidote for training of the Afghan Army
  - Opération Arès for special operations within "Operation Enduring Freedom" As of 1 November 2009, 4,000 French personnel were deployed in Afghanistan, including the air support of Combined Task Force 150 in the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, 150 gendarmes were deployed in late 2009. Operations in 2009 alone cost 450 million Euros, amounting to over half the 870 million Euros devoted to military operations abroad. A total of 86 servicemen were killed. In January 2012, after an Afghan soldier shot and killed four French soldiers in eastern Afghanistan, French president Nicolas Sarkozy threatened to suspend French operations in Afghanistan due to the fragging incident. The newly elected president François Hollande, announced in June 2012 that he would be withdrawing 2,000 of France's 3,400 troops in Afghanistan, leaving 1,400 for training and logistics. In November 2012, France's combat troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan, leaving just the logistical contingent in the country.

text:
# French forces in Afghanistan

**French forces in Afghanistan** were involved in the War in Afghanistan from late 2001, until fully withdrawing by 2014. They operated within two distinct frameworks:

French forces have contributed to both chapters in several national operations:

As of 1 November 2009, 4,000 French personnel were deployed in Afghanistan, including the air support of Combined Task Force 150 in the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, 150 gendarmes were deployed in late 2009.

Operations in 2009 alone cost 450 million Euros, amounting to over half the 870 million Euros devoted to military operations abroad. A total of 86 servicemen were killed.

In January 2012, after an Afghan soldier shot and killed four French soldiers in eastern Afghanistan, French president Nicolas Sarkozy threatened to suspend French operations in Afghanistan due to the fragging incident. The newly elected president François Hollande, announced in June 2012 that he would be withdrawing 2,000 of France's 3,400 troops in Afghanistan, leaving 1,400 for training and logistics. In November 2012, France's combat troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan, leaving just the logistical contingent in the country.

## Mission

The official mission statement for French military in Afghanistan in

> *secure zones under their responsibility as to allow the Afghan State to rebuild itself, allow development operations, and allow the deployment of the services provided by the Afghan State* (...) \[and\] *allow a rise in power of the Afghan Army*

French forces support anti-drug operations, though destruction of opium fields and capture of dealers is not part of their mission. When prisoners are captured during combat, they are surrendered to Afghan authorities.

## History

The attacks of 11 September 2001, triggered Article 5 of the NATO treaty, stating that an attack against any member would be regarded as a direct attack on all parties. Although France was not bound by this clause, it pledged armed forces at the side of its allies.

On 20 December 2001, Resolution 1386 of the United Nations Security Council created the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Its mandate is

> to allow it, as resources permit, to support the Afghan Transitional Authority and its successors in the maintenance of security in areas of Afghanistan outside of Kabul and its environs, so that the Afghan Authorities as well as the personnel of the United Nations and other international civilian personnel engaged, in particular, in reconstruction and humanitarian efforts, can operate in a secure environment, and to provide security assistance for the performance of other tasks in support of the Bonn Agreement
>
> United Nations Security Council Resolution 1510.

### *Opération Héraklès*

From 21 October 2001, *Opération Héraklès* came in force, with the deployment of twenty Mirage IVP and twenty C-135FR at the air base of Al Dhafra. These planes carried out 800 one-hour reconnaissance missions over Afghanistan, after crossing the Sea of Oman and part of Pakistan, until they were drawn back to France on in February 2002.

On 21 November 2001, the aircraft carrier *Charles de Gaulle* and her battle group were deployed in the Indian Ocean to support NATO operations in Afghanistan. Dubbed Task Force 473, the group comprise the *Charles De Gaulle*, the frigates *La Motte-Picquet*, *Jean de Vienne* and *Jean Bart*, the tanker *Meuse*, the nuclear submarine *Rubis*, and aviso *Commandant Ducuing*. On 19 December 2001, Dassault-Breguet Super Étendards aircraft carried out their first missions.

On 27 December 2001, Task Force 473 was integrated into a multinational force also comprising the aero-naval groups of USS *Theodore Roosevelt* and USS *John C. Stennis*, and the Italian *Giuseppe Garibaldi*, amounting to over 100 ships in total.

On 18 February 2002, a Helios 2A satellite spotted suspicious activities on the ground near Gardēz. After confirmation by two Super Étendards and by US special forces, Operation Anaconda was launched by US and British forces. The attempted capture of wanted leaders ended in failure as the incomplete surrounding allowed them to flee.

In March 2002, a rescue unit was created under the name of RESAL (équipe de Recherche Et Secours AéroLarguée) to help pilots should they be downed over Afghanistan. In March, eight Super Étendards and six Mirage 2000 targeted several suspected Al Qaida targets on request from US forces. US President George Bush stated

> There are many examples of commitment from our good ally, France, who has deployed nearly one-fourth of its army and navy to support Operation Enduring Freedom.

From February, *Charles De Gaulle* and *John C. Stennis* exchanged aircraft in joint exercises.

### Land deployment

On 15 November 2001, the first French soldiers of the 21st RIMA landed in Afghanistan, Mazar-E-Sharif and North of Kabul. They amounted to 640 men, of whom 400 were deployed under the aegis in the ISAF.

On 11 August 2003, NATO took over command of the 3500-strong ISAF. By that time, the French contingent amounted to 500 men, one seventh of the force. France also assumed command of the Kabul region.

### Special forces activities: *Opération Épidote*

In May 2003, during the G8 summit in Evian, President Chirac ordered Special Forces be sent to Southern Afghanistan. 200 men of the Commandement des opérations spéciales operated on the ground from July 2003 to December 2006 near Spin Boldak, and later at Jalalabad. They sustained 7 killed.

The year 2003 marked the beginning of *Opération Épidote*, which aimed at training elements of the Afghan Army. The mission lasted three years, during which 3,810 soldiers were trained.

From 9 August 2004 to 11 February 2005, the Eurocorps was put in charge for the ISAF6 mission.

In February 2010, one Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team (OMLT), composed of 70 French soldiers and a number of Afghan troops participated in the NATO-led Operation Moshtarak in Helmand Province, Southern Afghanistan.

### First casualties

French Forces sustained their first fatality on 31 August 2004 when corporal Murat Yagci, of the 1er RPIMa, gravely injured two days earlier when his vehicle fell over a cliff, died of his wounds. Two more soldiers, of the 3e RH, were killed in a traffic accident near Kabul on 21 October. On 12 February 2005, a corporal of the 2e REI killed himself with his own weapon.

The first combat fatalities occurred on 17 September 2005, when a makeshift landmine killed Corporal Cédric Crupel, of the 1er RPIMa, near Spin Boldak.

### Reinforcements of the expeditionary corps and the Surobi Ambush

By December 2008, the French contingent in Afghanistan had grown to 1,600 men, with 4000 more involved in the theatre of operations. The Air component had carried out 1 700 sorties and 300 shows of force.

In August 2008, nine French soldiers were killed and 21 wounded by guerilla forces in the Uzbin Valley Ambush, near Surobi. A tenth soldier died in a related road accident. These losses, the heaviest in France since the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, shocked the public opinion and prompted or accelerated deployment of items requested by the military, particularly drones and tele-operated turrets for VABs.

On 22 September 2008, a 343 to 210 vote by the National Assembly of France authorised prolonged intervention in Afghanistan. In March 2009, the French set on the offensive in Kapisa Province, yielding the Battle of Alasay; at the price of one killed, they routed a few hundreds of guerrilla and established two outposts for the Afghan Army.

On 4 September 2009, Corporal Johan Naguin, of the 3e RIMa, was killed by a makeshift landmine; Chief corporal Thomas Rousselle, of the 3e RIMa, died of his wounds two days later, and eight others were wounded. On 27 September, a storm killed three soldiers. A first was struck by lightning; as others rushed to evacuate him, one was swept away by a flood, and a second drowned as he tried to rescue his comrade. The same day, a fourth soldier died in a road accident, once again as he was riding in the open turret of a VAB. On 4 October, two soldiers died in an explosion triggered against their convoy; a third, chief sergeant Johann Hivin-Gerard, of the 3e RIMa, succumbed to his wounds four days later.

On 31 October 2009, French general Marcel Druart transferred command of the region of Kabul to Turkish general Levent Çolak. The next day, French forces in Afghanistan were organised under the Aegis of the Brigade La Fayette.

## Order of battle

The total French forces deployed on the theatre of operations, including Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and the Indian Ocean, amounts to 30,000 men. 23,200 have served in Afghanistan itself. Furthermore, 150 gendarmes are training the Afghan police.

### Army

The French Army has deployed two joint battalions, each comprising three combat companies, and six "Operational Mentoring Liaison Team". They fall mostly under Regional Command Capital, under Turkish command since 2009, and under Regional Command East, under US command.

Since 1 November 2009, the French deployment has been deeply reorganised, though complements are supposedly unchanged:

* geographically, most of the French units were transferred to Kapisa and Surobi, joining them in a neighbourhood where they can support each other. The headquarters is in an outpost near Nijrab.
* operationally, responsibility for Surobi district has been transferred from Regional Command Capital to Regional Command East, bringing GTIA Surobi and GTIA Kapisa under a single Regional command. Furthermore, a "Brigade La Fayette", under US command, was created to regroup both GTIA into a single hierarchy.

Hence, the two French battalions are now grouped both geographically and operationally, under the aegis of the Brigade La Fayette.

The GTIA have both been reinforced by one additional infantry company, bringing the effectives to around 3000 men as of 1 November 2009. They have now the same complement; each can deploy an AMX-10 RC platoon, and several fire support platoons comprising VBL and 20mm-armed VAB T20-13 vehicles.

Summer of 2009 saw a significant beefing up in aerial capabilities, with 3 EC-665 Tigre and 2 AS-532 Cougar of the ALAT sent in reinforcements. They add to the 6 helicopters already deployed.

Eight 155mm CAESAR self-propelled howitzers have been sent to Afghanistan. Two are deployed in each outpost held by the French, and the remaining four are kept in Kabul as a reserve. The howitzers deployed in the field can provide fire support to French troops as they operate in neighbouring valleys, complementing the 120mm MO-120-RT-61 mortars that they bring with.

Six "Operational Mentoring and Liaison Teams" amounting to 300 men assist the Afghan Army:

* Five teams with the Afghan 201st Army Corps in Kapisa and Surobi, amounting to 230 men:
    + 1 team with the headquarters of the Army Corps and of its 1st Brigade
    + 2 teams with an infantry kandak within the 1st Brigade
    + 1 team with a support kandak of the 1st Brigade
    + 1 team with a logistic kandak of the 1st Brigade
* One 70-man team with the 41st kandak of the 4th Brigade in the Afghan 205th Army Corps. This team, deployed on Tarin Kwot and Deh Rawod outposts, is organically attached to the Neerland contingent, in Regional Command South. The troops come from the 2e REI.

*Opération Épidote* employs 60 men who train Afghan officers. In the year 2009, 5000 Afghan officers were taught there.

About 20 instructors train 6 commando kandaks. At least two kandaks have been formed thus far.

### Air Force

As of April 2009, the French Air Force had 334 men in Afghanistan. They manned the following systems:

In the same theatre of operation but outside Afghanistan, 172 men are deployed in Dushanbe, in Tajikistan, manning a logistic base and two C-160 Transall. Furthermore, a C135 is based at the Transit Centre at Manas, in Kirghizistan, with 35 men.

### Gendarmerie

150 French gendarmes take part in the 500-man European Gendarmerie Force contingent in Afghanistan.

Two Mobile Gendarmerie squadrons, from Chauny and Satory, are scheduled to deploy for six months from early 2010 to train the Afghan police.

### Military Fuel Service

The Military Fuel Service has been in charge of fuel supplies in Kabul Airport and in Camp Warehouse since 2006

## Notes and references

### Bibliography


title: Freedom: Atlanta Pop Festival

abstract: Freedom: Atlanta Pop Festival is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix, released in 2015. It documents his July 4, 1970, performance at the Atlanta International Pop Festival. The festival's audience, subject to a wide range of estimates from 200,000-400,000, was the largest U.S. crowd to which Hendrix played during his career. Recorded around the middle of his The Cry of Love Tour, Hendrix is backed by Billy Cox on bass and Mitch Mitchell on drums. The sixteen songs were recorded during their evening performance and include a mix of popular Jimi Hendrix Experience-era tunes, and his newer compositions, "Message to Love", "Freedom", and "Straight Ahead". However, the album does not include his closing number, "Hey Baby"; biographer Keith Shadwick notes tuning problems with the song.

text:
# Freedom: Atlanta Pop Festival

***Freedom: Atlanta Pop Festival*** is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix, released in 2015. It documents his July 4, 1970, performance at the Atlanta International Pop Festival. The festival's audience, subject to a wide range of estimates from 200,000-400,000, was the largest U.S. crowd to which Hendrix played during his career.

Recorded around the middle of his The Cry of Love Tour, Hendrix is backed by Billy Cox on bass and Mitch Mitchell on drums. The sixteen songs were recorded during their evening performance and include a mix of popular Jimi Hendrix Experience-era tunes, and his newer compositions, "Message to Love", "Freedom", and "Straight Ahead". However, the album does not include his closing number, "Hey Baby (New Rising Sun)"; biographer Keith Shadwick notes tuning problems with the song.

## *Electric Church* video and other releases

The album was released on August 28, 2015, and a video documentary, ***Jimi Hendrix: Electric Church***, including Hendrix's performance premiered on the American cable television network Showtime on September 4, 2015, with a commercial DVD/Blu-Ray release on October 30.

Prior to 2015, songs and video clips of Hendrix's performance had been released several times, such as on *Johnny B. Goode* (1988) and disc four of *Stages* (1991).

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

In a review for AllMusic, critic Sean Westergaard gave the album four out of five stars. He notes that Hendrix falters a bit on the rarely played "All Along the Watchtower", but praises his performance of "Hear My Train A Comin'", which he calls "an absolutely incredible version ... a guitar performance nearly equal to "Machine Gun" on *Band of Gypsys*, \[and\] one of the greatest solos of his career."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jimi Hendrix, except where noted

Disc one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Fire" | 4:40 |
| 2. | "Lover Man" | 2:59 |
| 3. | "Spanish Castle Magic" | 5:21 |
| 4. | "Red House" | 8:27 |
| 5. | "Room Full of Mirrors" | 3:19 |
| 6. | "Hear My Train A Comin'" | 9:32 |
| 7. | "Message to Love" | 4:54 |
| Total length: | | 39:13 |

Disc two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "All Along the Watchtower" (Bob Dylan) | 4:19 |
| 2. | "Freedom" | 4:08 |
| 3. | "Foxy Lady" | 4:30 |
| 4. | "Purple Haze" | 4:19 |
| 5. | "Hey Joe" (Billy Roberts) | 4:37 |
| 6. | "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" | 7:58 |
| 7. | "Stone Free" | 5:25 |
| 8. | "Star Spangled Banner" (Traditional) | 2:47 |
| 9. | "Straight Ahead" | 4:52 |
| Total length: | | 42:53 |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 86 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 33 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 22 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 89 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 87 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 63 |
|

## InfoBox

| Freedom: Atlanta Pop Festival | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Jimi Hendrix | |
| Released | August 28, 2015 (2015-08-28) |
| Recorded | July 4, 1970 |
| Venue | Atlanta International Pop, Byron, Georgia |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 82:06 |
| Label | Legacy |
| Producer |  |
| Jimi Hendrix chronology | |
| *Miami Pop Festival*
(2013) ***Freedom: Atlanta Pop Festival***
(2015) *Machine Gun: The Fillmore East First Show*
(2016) | |


title: Freedom2b

abstract: Freedom2b is an Australian-based network that supports LGBT people from Christian backgrounds. It helps them resolve issues of faith, sexuality, and gender identity while working to promote understanding and acceptance both in the church and within the wider community. Freedom2b accepts both religious and non religious LGBTI people and does not promote a particular belief system.

text:
# Freedom2b

**Freedom2b** is an Australian-based network that supports LGBT people from Christian backgrounds. It helps them resolve issues of faith, sexuality, and gender identity while working to promote understanding and acceptance both in the church and within the wider community. Freedom2b accepts both religious and non religious LGBTI people and does not promote a particular belief system.

## Purpose

The stated agenda of Freedom2b is to offer support, information and the opportunity to share with people who have similar experiences. Freedom2b offers support to LGBTI people through face to face meetings and offers information on same sex attraction from a scientific, psychological and biblical perspective. It also promotes dialogue with religious organizations to promote understanding and acceptance.

## History

Freedom2b was co-founded in 2004 by Anthony Venn-Brown and Phillip Wall. The first meetings of the organization were held in Surry Hills in Sydney. Venn-Brown released his autobiography *A Life of Unlearning*, which he said caused a flood of emails and prompted him to establish the network to give gay Christians a voice. “Up until this point there was no point of contact for the many thousands of people who were isolated.”

In 2011 Venn-Brown stepped down, with Michelle Kolev of the Melbourne chapter taking on the role of President. The year also saw the organisation re-brand from "freedom 2 b\[e\]" to "freedom2b".

## Activities

Freedom2b conducts monthly meetings in a number of capital cities including Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane, and has an online forum where participants can share their stories and discuss issues relating to faith and sexuality. Freedom2b has marched in the Sydney Mardi Gras since 2007 and participated in the 2011 Mardi Gras under the theme of “Find Freedom”.

The organization supports a range of activities within the community that promote awareness and help people reconcile their faith and sexuality. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation interviewed a number of members of freedom2b members in 2009 on their experiences of being gay and Pentecostal, and several freedom2b members were also the subject of a 2009 photography exhibition by Iain Wallace entitled “Walking between Worlds.” Freedom2b has recently been involved in workshops on suicide prevention. Three members of freedom2b, Paul Martin, Anthony Venn-Brown, and Ben Gresham are featured in an upcoming documentary "The Bedroom Commandments" that looks at the relationship between religious faith and sexuality.

Freedom2b also has a group for young people aged 18–30. Their aim is to offer a safe place for LGBTI youth and young adults from Christian backgrounds. The youth coordinators of freedom2b in 2008 are Ben Gresham in Sydney and Duane McKibben in Melbourne. The patrons of freedom2b in 2008 are the Hon. Michael Kirby AC, CMG (a former justice of the High Court of Australia) and Reverend Dorothy McRae-McMahon.

## InfoBox

Freedom2b
|
|  |
| Formation | 2004 |
| Founder |  |
| Legal status | charity (former) |
| Location |  |
| Website | https://freedom2b.org/ |