title: Hyperbolic asteroid

abstract: A hyperbolic asteroid is any sort of asteroid or non-cometary astronomical object observed to have an orbit not bound to the Sun and will have an orbital eccentricity greater than 1 when near perihelion. Unlike hyperbolic comets, they have not been seen out-gassing light elements, and therefore have no cometary coma. Most of these objects will only be weakly hyperbolic and will not be of interstellar origin.

text:
# Hyperbolic asteroid

A **hyperbolic asteroid** is any sort of asteroid or non-cometary astronomical object observed to have an orbit not bound to the Sun and will have an orbital eccentricity greater than 1 when near perihelion. Unlike hyperbolic comets, they have not been seen out-gassing light elements, and therefore have no cometary coma. Most of these objects will only be weakly hyperbolic and will not be of interstellar origin.

## Orbit explanation

The planets and most satellites of the solar system revolve in an almost circular motion – called an elliptical orbit – around the Sun or their parent planet, so their orbital eccentricity is generally much closer to 0 than to 1. In mathematics, by definition, an eccentricity (*e*) of 1 characterizes a parabola, and *e* \> 1, a hyperbola. Some comets are on parabolic and hyperbolic orbits. This means that these hyperbolic asteroids all have an orbital eccentricity greater than 1.

## Known hyperbolic asteroids

So far most hyperbolic asteroids discovered have later displayed cometary behavior by either outgassing or demonstrating motion based on solar radiation pressure. Hyperbolic asteroids are orbital objects with an orbit not bound to the Sun while near perihelion. ʻOumuamua had the motion of a comet but was never seen outgassing and thus it is listed as a hyperbolic asteroid by the JPL Small-Body Database.

## Perturbation

Asteroids can become ejected or in a highly eccentric orbit around the Sun by being ejected by planets like Jupiter. Just because an orbit solution looks unbound at an epoch when the object is near perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) does not mean the orbit will be unbound when beyond the planets.


title: Lacrimal canaliculi

abstract: The lacrimal canaliculi are the small channels in each eyelid that drain lacrimal fluid, from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac. This forms part of the lacrimal apparatus that drains lacrimal fluid from the surface of the eye to the nasal cavity.

text:
# Lacrimal canaliculi

The **lacrimal canaliculi** (sg.: canaliculus) are the small channels in each eyelid that drain lacrimal fluid, from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac. This forms part of the lacrimal apparatus that drains lacrimal fluid from the surface of the eye to the nasal cavity.

## Structure

There is a single lacrimal canaliculus in each eyelid, a superior lacrimal canaliculus in the upper eyelid and an inferior lacrimal canaliculus in the lower eyelid. The canaliculi travel vertically and then turn medially to travel towards the lacrimal sac. At the bend, the canaliculus is dilated and called the ampulla. Usually, the superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi join to form a common passage that enters the lateral wall of the lacrimal sac.

### Superior lacrimal canaliculus

The superior lacrimal canaliculus is located in the upper eyelid. It first ascends, then bends medially towards the lacrimal sac. It drains lacrimal fluid from the superior lacrimal punctum. It is smaller and shorter than the inferior lacrimal canaliculus.

### Inferior lacrimal canaliculus

The inferior lacrimal canaliculus is located in the lower eyelid. It first descends, then bends medially towards the lacrimal sac. It drains lacrimal fluid from the inferior lacrimal punctum.

## Histology

The lacrimal canaliculi have a mucosa composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on a basement membrane and a highly elastic lamina propria. Surrounding the mucosa are skeletal muscle fibres continuous with the orbicularis oculi which forms a sort of sphincter. This may facilitate the draining of lacrimal fluid during blinking.

## Clinical significance

Canaliculitis is inflammation of the lacrimal canaliculus.

1. Gray, Henry (2015). *Gray's Anatomy : The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice*. Standring, Susan (41 ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 684. ISBN 978-0-7020-5230-9. OCLC 920806541.

## InfoBox

| Lacrimal canaliculi | |
| --- | --- |
| Diagram of the lacrimal apparatus. The lacrimal canaliculi are labelled as the lacrimal ducts. | |
| Details | |
| Drains from | Lacrimal puncta |
| Drains to | Lacrimal sac |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *canaliculus lacrimalis* |
| TA98 | A15.2.07.066 |
| TA2 | 6855 |
| FMA | 58245 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: Truskmore

abstract: Truskmore is a mountain with a height of 647 metres (2,123 ft) on the border of County Sligo and County Leitrim in Ireland. It is the highest summit in the Dartry Mountains and the highest in Sligo. It is in the middle of a plateau whose edges are marked by high cliffs, including Benbulbin (526m), Benwiskin (514m), Slievemore (597m) and Kings Mountain (462m). The top of Truskmore lies in County Sligo, a short distance from the border with County Leitrim; however, the mountain itself is in both counties.

text:
# Truskmore

**Truskmore** (Irish: *Trosc Mór*, meaning 'big cod') is a mountain with a height of 647 metres (2,123 ft) on the border of County Sligo and County Leitrim in Ireland. It is the highest summit in the Dartry Mountains and the highest in Sligo. It is in the middle of a plateau whose edges are marked by high cliffs, including Benbulbin (526m), Benwiskin (514m), Slievemore (597m) and Kings Mountain (462m). The top of Truskmore lies in County Sligo, a short distance from the border with County Leitrim; however, the mountain itself is in both counties.

## Transmission site

The Truskmore television transmitter opened on 1 February 1962, the second of the original five main Telefis Éireann transmitters to go on air after Kippure (December 1961). It used as antenna carrier a 135 metres  tall mast. Initially its transmissions were only in 405 lines on VHF channel 11, with 625-lines transmissions beginning in November 1963 on Channel I. The new RTÉ Radio VHF FM radio service was added in 1966. The second television service came in 1978 on Channel G and UHF television transmission began in 1996 with the advent of Teilifís na Gaeilge. In 2009 a new 175-m mast was erected in preparation for the changeover to digital television transmission and the original 1961 mast was removed. Since the national shutdown of the analog television networks on 24 October 2012, Truskmore now broadcasts the Irish DTT service Saorview and the national FM radio channels to the northwest of Ireland, including a large area of the west of Northern Ireland. The site is owned and operated by 2RN, a subsidiary of the Irish public service broadcaster RTÉ.

## Current transmissions

### Digital television

| Frequency | UHF | kW | Multiplex | Pol |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 642 MHz | 42 | 160 | Saorview 1 | H |
| 666 MHz | 45 | 160 | Saorview 2 | H |

### FM radio

| Frequency | kW | Service | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 88.2 MHz | 125 | RTÉ Radio 1 | Since 1986 |
| 97.8 MHz | 125 | RTÉ lyric fm | Since 1999 |
| 90.4 MHz | 125 | RTÉ 2fm | 89.7 MHz Before 1986 |
| 92.6 MHz | 125 | RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta | 91.9 MHz Before 1986 (Mono only before 1982) |
| 100.0 MHz | 125 | Today FM | Since 1997 |
| 102.5 MHz |  | Ocean FM | Since 2004 |
| 104.4 MHz |  | iRadio | Since 2011 |
| 107.4 MHz |  | Newstalk | Since 2006 Mono only |

### Truskmore relay transmitters

| DTT Relay | County | Mux 1 | Mux 2 | kW | Pol |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aranmore | Donegal | 47 | 44 | 4 | V |
| Castlebar | Mayo | 22 | 25 | 2 | H |
| Dooncarton | Mayo | 27 | 32 | 0.5 | V&H |
| Glencolumcille | Donegal | 33 | 36 | 0.2 | H |
| Glenties | Donegal | 32 | 34 | 0.1 | H |

## InfoBox

| Truskmore | |
| --- | --- |
| *Trosc Mór* | |
| Truskmore seen from Gleniff Horseshoe Drive | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 647 m (2,123 ft) |
| Prominence | 560 m (1,840 ft) |
| Listing | County Top (Sligo), Marilyn, Hewitt |
| Coordinates | 54°22′27″N 8°22′18″W / 54.374208°N 8.371639°W / 54.374208; -8.371639 |
| Naming | |
| English translation | big cod (fish) |
| Language of name | Irish |
| Geography | |
| TruskmoreLocation in Ireland | |
| Location | border of County Sligo and County Leitrim, Republic of Ireland |
| Parent range | Dartry Mountains |
| OSI/OSNI grid | G758473 |


title: Przemocze

abstract: Przemocze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maszewo, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Maszewo, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Goleniów, and 24 km (15 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

text:
# Przemocze

**Przemocze** \[pʂɛˈmɔt͡ʂɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maszewo, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Maszewo, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Goleniów, and 24 km (15 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

## InfoBox

| Przemocze | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Przemocze | |
| Coordinates: 53°27′39″N 14°55′49″E / 53.46083°N 14.93028°E / 53.46083; 14.93028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Goleniów |
| Gmina | Maszewo |


title: Vishnupriyan

abstract: Vishnupriyan is an Indian actor, who has appeared in lead roles in Tamil language films.

text:
# Vishnupriyan

**Vishnupriyan** is an Indian actor, who has appeared in lead roles in Tamil language films.

## Career

Vishnupriyan made his acting debut in Adoor Gopalakrishnan's Malayalam film *Nizhalkuthu* (2002), and has since portrayed leading and supporting roles in Malayalam and Tamil cinema. During the early stages of his acting career, Vishnupriyan also trained at the drama troupe, Koothu-P-Pattarai.

At the peak of his career in the late 2000s and early 2010s, Vishnupriyan played a series of lead roles in films such as *Unakkaga En Kadhal* (2010) and *Mye* (2012), and supporting roles in the college drama *Ninaithale Inikkum* (2009) and the action thriller *Ayyanar* (2010). He returned to Malayalam cinema in a supporting role in *Puthiya Mukham* (2009) and *Simhasanam* (2012) after being encouraged by Prithviraj, who he had befriended during the making of *Ninaithale Inikkum*.

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, his appearances in films became more sparse and Vishnupriyan subsequently moved on to become a co-director in films, first working on *Hitlist* (2024).

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Nizhalkuthu* |  | Malayalam |  |
| 2006 | *Ilakkanam* | Thamizharasan | Tamil |  |
| 2008 | *Thotta* | Giri | Tamil |  |
| 2009 | *Puthiya Mukham* | Venki | Malayalam |  |
| | *Ninaithale Inikkum* | Bala | Tamil |  |
| 2010 | *Ayyanar* | Saravanan | Tamil |  |
| | *Unakkaga En Kadhal* | Ramu | Tamil |  |
| | *Kadhal Meipada* | Shiva | Tamil |  |
| 2012 | *Mye* |  | Tamil |  |
| | *Simhasanam* | Govindan | Malayalam |  |
| 2013 | *Arya Surya* | Suryananda | Tamil |  |
| | *Madhumati* | Karthik | Telugu |  |
| 2016 | *Angali Pangali* | Karthik | Tamil |  |
| 2018 | *Merlin* | Vetri | Tamil |  |
| 2021 | *Sonnadhe Tirippi Tirippi Solladhe* |  | Tamil |  |
| 2023 | *Mayilanji* |  | Tamil |  |

## InfoBox

| Vishnupriyan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase

abstract:
In enzymology, a hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - H2 + quinone ⇌ quinol Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are H2 and quinone, whereas its product is quinol. The quinone can be menaquinone, ubiquinone, demethylmenaquinone or methionaquinone. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on hydrogen as donor with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include hydrogen-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, hydrogen:menaquinone oxidoreductase, membrane-bound hydrogenase, and quinone-reactive Ni/Fe-hydrogenase.

text:
# Hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase

In enzymology, a **hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase** (EC 1.12.5.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

H2 \+ quinone $\rightleftharpoons $ quinol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are H2 and quinone, whereas its product is quinol. The quinone can be menaquinone, ubiquinone, demethylmenaquinone or methionaquinone.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on hydrogen as donor with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase**. Other names in common use include **hydrogen-ubiquinone oxidoreductase**, **hydrogen:menaquinone oxidoreductase**, **membrane-bound hydrogenase**, and **quinone-reactive Ni/Fe-hydrogenase**.

## InfoBox

| hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.12.5.1 |
| CAS no. | 147097-29-8 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Mihály Fülöp

abstract: Mihály Fülöp was a Hungarian foil fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team foil event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Mihály Fülöp

**Mihály Fülöp** (10 April 1936  26 September 2006) was a Hungarian foil fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team foil event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Mihály Fülöp
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1936-04-10)10 April 1936
Budapest, Hungary |
| Died | 26 September 2006(2006-09-26) (aged 70)
Budapest, Hungary |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Fencing |
| Medal record      Men's fencing  Representing  Hungary  Olympic Games  1956 Melbourne Foil, team | |


title: Hadruridae

abstract:
Hadruridae is a family of scorpions. Genera:
  - Hadrurus Thorell, 1876
  - Hoffmannihadrurus Fet & Soleglad, 2004

text:
# Hadruridae

**Hadruridae** is a family of scorpions.

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Hadruridae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Hadrurus obscurus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Scorpiones |
| Superfamily: | Iuroidea |
| Family: | Hadruridae<br>Stahnke, 1974 |
|


title: Peter J. Peters

abstract: Peter J. Peters is a professor of nanobiology and a distinguished university professor at Maastricht University. Peters is best known for his work in electron microscopy (EM) and cellular immunology. He is the founder and director of the Institute of Nanoscopy.

text:
# Peter J. Peters

**Peter J. Peters** (born 22 August 1957) is a professor of nanobiology and a distinguished university professor at Maastricht University. Peters is best known for his work in electron microscopy (EM) and cellular immunology. He is the founder and director of the Institute of Nanoscopy.

## Early life and education

Peters was born in Hunsel, the Netherlands in 1957. The eldest of six children, he often accompanied his father—a farmer—on errands. On one such visit to a local artificial insemination station, Peters discovered a keen interest in science.

Peters obtained his PhD in 1991 from Utrecht University. His PhD thesis, "Cellular immunology at the subcellular level", was completed under the guidance of Hans Geuze, Jannie Borst, and Hidde Ploegh. During this time, he studied the ultrastructure and trafficking of MHC class II molecules, as well as how the role of secretory granules in T-cell function. Following his PhD, Peters completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institutes of Health in the laboratory of Richard Klausner, where he studied the regulation of endocytosis.

## Career

From 1994 to 1998, Peters worked at Utrecht University. He then moved on to the Netherlands Cancer Institute, where he worked from 1998 to 2013. There his group focused on sorting within the eukaryotic cell endomembrane system, primarily using cryo immunogold-electron microscopy. In 2014, Peters was appointed professor of nanobiology and co-director of the Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute at Maastricht University.

Since 1988, Peters has collaborated with Hans Clevers, working to establish human tissue organoids from stem cells in order to study the origin and mechanism of cancer and infection.

Peters’s current research goal is to devise a way of doing cryo-electron tomography in order to give a 3D view of a cell’s internal structure. His research group under M4I’s Division of Nanoscopy studies the 3D structure of an important component of the nanomachinery in bacteria causing tuberculosis.

## Other professional activities

Peters hold patents for three inventions, with a fourth filed and pending. One of his innovations resulted in a commercial product used in EM, currently sold by Leica Microsystems.

Peters is a member of the American Society of Cell Biology and the European Society of Microscopy. In 2016, he was elected to the Netherlands Academy of Technology and Innovation. He has frequently chaired international conferences and symposia, most recently the 19th International Microscopy Conference in Sydney, Australia in 2018.

Peters founded the Netherlands Postdoc Career Development Initiative (PDCI) in 1998 and served as its dean until 2002. PDCI was highlighted in the international press, in *Cell*, *The Scientist*, and *Nature*. Peters was editor of the journal *Microscopy* (formerly the *Journal of Electron Microscopy*) from 2008 to 2012.

In 2009, Peters was invited by the Society of Histochemistry to deliver the Robert Feulgen lecture.

In 2010–2011, Peters led the initiative and coordinated the establishment of the Netherlands Centre for Electron Nanoscopy, a Dutch national research infrastructure.

## Publications

Peters has published over 125 papers that have been cited over 24,000 times. His Hirsch index is 69.


title: Hodson, Wiltshire

abstract: Hodson is a hamlet in a small valley, in the parish of Chiseldon, Wiltshire, England. The hamlet lies about half a mile northwest of the edge of Chiseldon village; the M4 motorway runs a similar distance to the north, and the centre of the large town of Swindon is some 3 miles (5 km) to the northwest. By the 13th century, Hodson was part of Chiseldon manor. North of the hamlet is Burderop Wood, c.120 acres (49 ha), designated a Biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1971 due to the wet ash-maple and acid pedunculate oak-hazel-ash woodland. Part of the Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway ran close to the north part of the hamlet. The line was no longer used after March 1964, and part of its route through Burderop Wood was used for the M4 motorway west of junction 15 in the 1970s. Hodson has a public house, the Calley Arms.

text:
# Hodson, Wiltshire

**Hodson** is a hamlet in a small valley, in the parish of Chiseldon, Wiltshire, England. The hamlet lies about half a mile northwest of the edge of Chiseldon village; the M4 motorway runs a similar distance to the north, and the centre of the large town of Swindon is some 3 miles (5 km) to the northwest.

By the 13th century, Hodson was part of Chiseldon manor.

North of the hamlet is Burderop Wood, c.120 acres (49 ha), designated a Biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1971 due to the wet ash-maple and acid pedunculate oak-hazel-ash woodland.

Part of the Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway ran close to the north part of the hamlet (grid squares E2–F2 in the image). The line was no longer used after March 1964, and part of its route through Burderop Wood was used for the M4 motorway west of junction 15 in the 1970s.

Hodson has a public house, the Calley Arms.

Media related to Hodson, Wiltshire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Hodson | |
| --- | --- |
| The centre of Hodson | |
| HodsonLocation within Wiltshire | |
| OS grid reference | SU174804 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Swindon |
| Postcode district | SN4 |
| Dialling code | 01793 |
|  | |
| Police | Wiltshire |
| Fire | Dorset and Wiltshire |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Website | Chiseldon Parish Council |
|


title: Nudžein Geca

abstract: Nudžein Geca is a retired Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Yugoslav professional footballer.

text:
# Nudžein Geca

**Nudžein Geca** (born 10 May 1966) is a retired Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Yugoslav professional footballer.

## Club career

Geca started his senior professional career as a 16 year old with Radnički Goražde. In the summer of 1988 he was transferred to Yugoslav First League side FK Sarajevo, whom he represented until 1995. He further played for Bosna Visoko and Željezničar, before retiring in 2003.

## International career

He made his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in an October 1996 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Croatia and has earned a total of 6 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a November 1997 friendly match against Tunisia.

## InfoBox

Nudžein Geca
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1966-05-10) 10 May 1966 | | |
| Place of birth | Goražde, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1985–1988 | Radnički Goražde | 51 | (3) |
| 1988–1995 | FK Sarajevo | 94 | (4) |
| 1995–2000 | Bosna Visoko | 22 | (0) |
| 2001–2002 | Željezničar | 15 | (0) |
| 2003–2003 | Bosna Visoko | 7 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1996–1998 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: RockNess 2009

abstract: RockNess 2009 was the fourth RockNess Festival to take place. It took place on the 12th, 13th and 14 June 2009 with for the first time acts playing on the Friday. The headlining acts were The Flaming Lips, The Prodigy, Biffy Clyro, Basement Jaxx, Dizzee Rascal, Orbital and Placebo. The RockNess organisers held a DJ competition throughout Scotland to find new DJ talent. Heats were held across the country with final being held in Glasgow. The winner was 19-year-old Fuad from Aberdeen played just before Pete Tong on the 13th. There were also 2 runners up. The line-up was as follows. The following acts also played across the weekend on the ‘goNORTH’ stage: Alex Cornish, Barn Owel, Bronto Skylift, Call To Mind, Casiokids, Cast of the Capital, Colour-Coded, Come On Bang!, Daily Bread, Dotjr, The French Wives, Hey Enemy, Jack Butler, Keser, Mitchell Museum, Nacional, Our Lunar Activities, Pooch, Strawhouses, Spyamp, St Deluxe, Team William, Theatre Fall, The Naked Strangers, The Ray Summers, Tone, Trapped in Kansas, Vcheka, We See Lights and Yaweh.

text:
# RockNess 2009

**RockNess 2009** was the fourth RockNess Festival to take place. It took place on the 12th, 13th and 14 June 2009 with for the first time acts playing on the Friday. The headlining acts were The Flaming Lips, The Prodigy, Biffy Clyro, Basement Jaxx, Dizzee Rascal, Orbital and Placebo.

The RockNess organisers held a DJ competition throughout Scotland to find new DJ talent. Heats were held across the country with final being held in Glasgow. The winner was 19-year-old Fuad from Aberdeen played just before Pete Tong on the 13th. There were also 2 runners up.

The line-up was as follows.

| **Mainstage** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
|  |  |  |

| **Clash presents Wonderland / Clash Arena** | |
| --- | --- |
| Saturday | Sunday |
|  |  |

| **Fat Sams / Rob Da Bank present Sunday Best** | |
| --- | --- |
| Saturday | Sunday |
|  |  |

| **Soco Social** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
|  |  |  |

| **Rizla Arena** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
|  |  |  |

| **Bollywood Skinny presents Soma Records / Ed Banger Records / Sub Club Party** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
|  |  |  |

| **Wrongness** |
| --- |
| Friday |
| **RockNess Ceilidh Allstars** |

The following acts also played across the weekend on the ‘goNORTH’ stage: Alex Cornish, Barn Owel, Bronto Skylift, Call To Mind, Casiokids, Cast of the Capital, Colour-Coded, Come On Bang!, Daily Bread, Dotjr, The French Wives, Hey Enemy, Jack Butler, Keser, Mitchell Museum, Nacional, Our Lunar Activities, Pooch, Strawhouses, Spyamp, St Deluxe, Team William, Theatre Fall, The Naked Strangers, The Ray Summers, Tone, Trapped in Kansas, Vcheka, We See Lights and Yaweh.

## InfoBox

| RockNess 2009 | |
| --- | --- |
| Keser performing at RockNess 2009 Festival | |
| Genre | Festival |
| Date(s) | 12–14 June |
| Location(s) | Clunes Farm, Dores, Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Country | Scotland |
| Previous event | RockNess 2008 |
| Next event | RockNess 2010 |
| Attendance | ~35,000 |


title: Trism

abstract: Trism is a puzzle game for the Apple iPhone developed by American developer Demiforce, notable for his work on the widely acclaimed Mother 3 fan translation. The game and developer made the news for being a rags to riches story. The game makes use of the iPhone's built in accelerometer, and involves the sliding of colored triangular tiles called "trisms" in order to make matches of three or more. As soon as a match is made, the tiles disappear and, depending on the direction in which the iPhone is tilted, the gaps left behind will be filled.

text:
# Trism

***Trism*** is a puzzle game for the Apple iPhone developed by American developer Demiforce, notable for his work on the widely acclaimed Mother 3 fan translation. The game and developer made the news for being a rags to riches story. The game makes use of the iPhone's built in accelerometer, and involves the sliding of colored triangular tiles called "trisms" in order to make matches of three or more. As soon as a match is made, the tiles disappear and, depending on the direction in which the iPhone is tilted, the gaps left behind will be filled.

## Gameplay

The game has been compared to *Bejeweled 2*, although the developer has stated the gameplay is unique, and there is a patent pending.

Trism has four gameplay modes:

### Infinism

This is the main gameplay mode in which the user slides the trisms on the screen diagonally or horizontally in order to create matches of three or more trisms; the remaining gaps left behind are then filled by the surrounding trisms depending upon the direction in which the iPhone is tilted. This is shown by the compass in the lower right hand corner. The more trisms matched together the greater the number of points generated. Once a certain number of points is generated, the player then advances a level. During gameplay the player can encounter certain special trisms, such as the locked trism, which prevents trisms that are on the same axis from being moved until it is removed by matching it. There is also the bomb trism that has a countdown which decreases with every successful movement made. This trism can be moved but must be removed by matching before the countdown finishes or the game will finish.

### Terminism

Terminism has the same basic gameplay as Infinism mode but with the addition of a timer. When the timer goes from green to red, called a timeout, a bomb or lock trism will spawn. In order to keep the timer green, matches must be made constantly. Unlike in Infinism, the bomb in Terminism is not counted on turn. It has a time limit. The bomb must be disarmed before it turns red, or the player will lose.

### Syllogism

This is a puzzle mode whereby the player must eliminate all of the trisms in the fewest moves possible. This is done by tilting the iPhone in order to make them slide. There are 30 levels each increasing in difficulty. Some of them are solvable under par with a total score of up to -17.

### Starshine

Starshine mode is an unlockable game mode available for Infinism or Terminism. To unlock this in Infinism, the player must achieve one million points in one game. To unlock it in Terminism the player must score 500,000 points in a single game before getting a timeout. The objective of Starshine mode is to create large starshine chains to achieve an extreme number of points.

## Achievements

The game has achievements for completing certain tasks, such as earning over 500,000 points in terminism mode before getting a timeout. There are twenty-two achievements in all, which are posted on the user's profile on the online community.

## Awards

Trism has won awards such as Best Casual Game from AppStoreApps.com, 1st on iLounge's Best Apps and Games, a Gold award from Pocket Gamer, Slide to Play's "Must have" award, one of Wired's "10 most awesome iPhone Apps of 2008," and was an AIAS finalist for "Cellular Game of the Year" during the 12th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards.

## InfoBox

| Trism | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Demiforce |
| Publisher(s) | Demiforce |
| Platform(s) | iPhone |
| Release | July 13, 2008 |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Pseudococculina

abstract: Pseudococculina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pseudococculinidae.

text:
# Pseudococculina

***Pseudococculina*** is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pseudococculinidae.

## Description

The white shell has a patelliform shape with a posterior, inclined apex and a compressed, subspiral nucleus. Inside it has a porcellaneous, muscle-scar horseshoe-shaped, interrupted over the head.

The animal has a plumate gill, at the right side of the head. The right tentacle is thickened. There are two epipodial (i.e. situated in the lateral grooves between foot and mantle) filaments at the posterior part of the foot. The radula has large rhachidian teeth, with the cusp wanting or very obsolete. The fïrst lateral teeth are triangular, followed by 3 smaller, contorted laterals, with distinct cusps, a large cusped fifth lateral, and numerous uncini.

## Species

Species within the genus *Pseudococculina* include:

Species brought into synonymy  * Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (2001) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Gastropoda Bivalvia Polyplacophora Scaphopoda Type Figures. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 208 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudococculina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original drawing with several views of a shell of *Pseudococculina rugosoplicata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Lepetellida |
| Superfamily: | Lepetelloidea |
| Family: | Pseudococculinidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudococculina*
Schepman, 1908 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pseudococculina rugosoplicata*
Schepman, 1908 | |


title: Greens/Green Party USA

abstract: The Greens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA) was a political organization formed out of the Green Committees of Correspondence in 1991 and was recognized as a national political party by the FEC from 1991 to 2005. It was based in Chicago. Synthesis/Regeneration, an affiliated journal of green social thought, was published in St. Louis. The now predominant Green Party of the United States split from the G/GPUSA in 2001.

text:
# Greens/Green Party USA

The **Greens/Green Party USA** (G/GPUSA) was a political organization formed out of the Green Committees of Correspondence in 1991 and was recognized as a national political party by the FEC from 1991 to 2005. It was based in Chicago. *Synthesis/Regeneration*, an affiliated journal of green social thought, was published in St. Louis. The now predominant Green Party of the United States split from the G/GPUSA in 2001.

## History

The Greens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA) was founded at the August 1991 Green Gathering in Elkins, West Virginia, restructuring the Green Committees of Correspondence with the idea that the Green movement and Green Party would operate as part of a single organization.

A press conference was held in Washington, D.C., to announce the new organization, featuring Charles Betz (G/GPUSA Coordinating Committee member), Howie Hawkins and Joni Whitmore (Chair, Green Party of Alaska), as well as Hilda Mason of the D.C. Statehood Party, and was featured on C-SPAN. Subsequently, legal documents were filed under Missouri law to form the **Greens/Green Party USA** as a 527 group. It was recognized by the FEC as a national political party in 1991.

Subsequent G/GPUSA Green Gatherings were held in Minneapolis (Augsburg College, July 1992); Syracuse (August 1993); Boise (July 1994), Albuquerque (University of New Mexico, July 27–30, 1995), Los Angeles (UCLA, August 1996); and Lawrence, Massachusetts (August 1997).

At various times, a "Green Clearinghouse" was the central administrative office of G/GPUSA. The Clearinghouse has operated from various locations, including (originally) Kansas City, Missouri; Blodgett Mills, New York; Lawrence, Massachusetts; and Chicago.

Despite its development of a national-level organization, the G/GPUSA always emphasized that the "Green Local" is the primary organizing unit. Some members of G/GPUSA resisted efforts to organize Green parties at the state level, on the theory that state bureaucracy was inimical to the organic and democratic nature of autonomous Green locals. The model in the early days was based on the bioregion and not state boundaries. Other Greens pointed out that, in most jurisdictions in the United States, political parties gain recognition at the state level, so without state-level organizations it would be difficult for Greens to participate in election activities.

At the 2001 Congress of the G/GPUSA, held at Carbondale, Illinois, on July 21, the delegates were to consider the Boston Proposal, a separation of powers agreement between it and the Association of State Green Parties (ASGP). Many of those attending were also members of the ASGP. There was an intense organizational struggle, much of which revolved around whether or not to "accredit" various delegations (and thus grant them voting privileges). The proposal failed to reach the required two-thirds majority, although over half voted to approve it (99 in favor, 81 against).

The result was very controversial, and ultimately led to the exodus of many G/GPUSA activists, some of whom went on to form The Green Alliance, an organization intended to bring "movement" politics in the style of the G/GPUSA into the Green Party of the United States.

In 2001, the Green Party of the United States was founded and recognized by the FEC as a national committee, and has become a much larger and more visible than the G/GPUSA. In 2005, G/GPUSA lost its political party status at the FEC. It had reported no income or expenditures for some time.

The G/GPUSA Coordinating Committee notified its members and supporters of the decision to disband the party in January 2019.

## Contrast with the Green Party of the United States

The Green Party of the United States and Greens/Green Party USA had no organizational connection but share a common and difficult history. The G/GPUSA is not an electoral party, although some of its members participate in elections. The name "G/GPUSA" is said to have reflected a compromise or a synergy between Greens who emphasized the primacy of combining non-electoral movement building with electoral campaigns, and those who sought to participate actively only in elections. It has also been characterized as a power grab when the original Committees of Correspondence split and a small group registered the name without consultation with the five existing state parties, all in the western states.

The Greens/Green Party USA was an educational, grassroots organizing, advocacy group based on the 10 Key Values. The journal *Synthesis/Regeneration* published in St. Louis, was associated with the G/GPUSA. This journal publishes articles by writers with a wide range of Green viewpoints. *Synthesis/Regeneration* was first published in 1991 and is produced every four months.

The source of the rift between the two national Green parties was a matter of contentious debate. Some point to differences of political philosophy or views on the proper structure of the party or attitudes toward elections, while others suggest it was more about personality conflicts, turf struggles, and poor communication leading to concerns about financial and political accountability, or perhaps the 1991 name grab or the inaccurate G/GPUSA FEC filing in 1995. It is important to note that the heated debates and the fighting that was waged for several years at the national level (and among Greens within a few states, such as New York, Missouri, California and New Jersey) seemed largely irrelevant to the vast majority of grassroots Greens, who preferred to devote their energies to local organizing.

In an article on the G/GPUSA's website, the organization characterized the split between itself and the Green Party of the United States (GPUS) as akin to the fundi–realo split in the German Greens, with itself being the fundi wing and GPUS the realos.

## InfoBox

| Greens/Green Party USA | |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Howie Hawkins |
| Founded | 1991 |
| Dissolved | 2019 |
| Preceded by | Green Committees of Correspondence |
| Succeeded by | Green Party of the United States |
| Headquarters | Chicago, Illinois |
| Newspaper | *Synthesis/Regeneration* |
| Ideology | Green politics |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Colors | Green |
| Website | |
| Archive | |
|  | |


title: George Southwick (Canadian politician)

abstract: George Southwick was a physician and political figure in Canada West. He represented East Elgin in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1857 as a Reformer. He was born in Twelve Mile Creek, Upper Canada and studied medicine with Dr. Josiah Goodhue in Saint Thomas and then with Dr. Duncombe, going on to study at the Western College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York state. In 1835, Southwick passed his examination by the Upper Canada medical board, practising in the United States for some time before setting up practice in Saint Thomas in 1839. He also operated a drug store there. Southwick was married three times and had one son and four daughters. His daughter Mary Helen married E. Jones Parke, the son of Thomas Parke. Southwick served as mayor of Saint Thomas from 1862 to 1864. He died at the age of 83 after being an invalid for many years.

text:
# George Southwick (Canadian politician)

**George Southwick** (1808  May 6, 1891) was a physician and political figure in Canada West. He represented East Elgin in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1857 as a Reformer.

He was born in Twelve Mile Creek, Upper Canada and studied medicine with Dr. Josiah Goodhue in Saint Thomas and then with Dr. Duncombe, going on to study at the Western College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York state. In 1835, Southwick passed his examination by the Upper Canada medical board, practising in the United States for some time before setting up practice in Saint Thomas in 1839. He also operated a drug store there. Southwick was married three times and had one son and four daughters. His daughter Mary Helen married E. Jones Parke, the son of Thomas Parke. Southwick served as mayor of Saint Thomas from 1862 to 1864. He died at the age of 83 after being an invalid for many years.


title: Warrior on the Edge of Time

abstract: Warrior on the Edge of Time is the fifth studio album by the English rock band Hawkwind. Many of the lyrics are by Michael Moorcock, and the album is loosely based on the concept of Moorcock's novel The Eternal Champion. It was the band's highest-charting studio album on the UK Albums Chart, where it peaked at number 13, and was their third and last album to make the US Billboard chart, where it peaked at number 150. Reviews have been mixed, with Melody Maker panning the album and particularly criticizing the vocal work while the All Music Guide has praised the album for features such as the songwriting. This would also be the last album to feature the band's bassist Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister, who was fired from the band one day before the album's release.

text:
# Warrior on the Edge of Time

***Warrior on the Edge of Time*** is the fifth studio album by the English rock band Hawkwind. Many of the lyrics are by Michael Moorcock, and the album is loosely based on the concept of Moorcock's novel *The Eternal Champion*. It was the band's highest-charting studio album on the UK Albums Chart, where it peaked at number 13, and was their third and last album to make the US *Billboard* chart, where it peaked at number 150. Reviews have been mixed, with *Melody Maker* panning the album and particularly criticizing the vocal work while the All Music Guide has praised the album for features such as the songwriting. This would also be the last album to feature the band's bassist Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister, who was fired from the band one day before the album's release.

## Background

Throughout 1974, Hawkwind heavily toured the UK, Europe and North America with their set being composed predominantly from that year's *Hall of the Mountain Grill* album. Unusually for them, no new material had been introduced with the exception of some Michael Moorcock poems based on his Elric fictional character, which appeared on the 1974 live album *The 1999 Party*. In December through to February, the group embarked upon a series of UK dates known as "A Dead Singer" tour after the Moorcock story published in the accompanying tour programme, with support from Dr Feelgood (Wilko Johnson: "Us and Hawkwind were a great bill. We had just been signed by United Artists, Hawkwind's label. UA wanted to give us a little experience in the larger venues. That was where I first met and made friends with Lemmy, who turned out to be a good pal.").).

Given that the band owed one final single to United Artists to conclude their recording contract, during a mid-tour break they entered Olympic Studios on 5 and 6 January where they recorded Brock's "Kings of Speed" (which featured lyrics written by Moorcock originally intended for inclusion on his *New Worlds Fair* album), Lemmy's "Motorhead" and House's "Spiral Galaxy". The first two were selected as the A-side and B-side respectively, and the single was released on 7 March.

On resuming their UK tour, Dave Brock expressed disillusionment with the band's popularity commenting that "it's getting to be like a war", preferring his life with his wife Sylvie and their two children on their ten-acre Devon farm, trading under an alias in a community which knew nothing of his association with rock music. He revealed the growing disharmony within the band, "you wouldn't believe some of the scenes that go on backstage. All the fucking rows, people losing their temper." He was particularly critical of Turner on both a musical level ("Some nights I've unplugged my guitar and marched across the stage to sort Nik out. He keeps playing the saxophone when I'm singing and I've told him a thousand times not to do that") and personal level ("Nik's really gullible, you know. He knows so many people and they always used to take him for a ride. It's so easy because he's not very sussed out"). He was also critical of Lemmy listing a catalogue of on-stage problems with him, and he "lives that \[Hells Angels\] fantasy. It's what he'd like to be, but he can't", but he's "quite a good front man, though". Of the forthcoming Eternal Champion project, Brock revealed that he wanted Arthur Brown for the title role, and it would be "a complete fantasy trip on every level... and if we did it, that would be the end \[of Hawkwind\]".

The next contract the group signed was a North American deal with Atlantic Records subsidiary Atco Records. With a scheduled North American tour for April and May, "Atlantic... needed an album to co-incide with our visit". For the only time in the 1970s, the group were due to record without having prepared new material in a live environment, which led to concern that "we're going to be really pushed just to get an album together". The band entered Rockfield Studios in March, King explaining "we laid all the backing tracks down in about three and a half days. Then, after we had a couple of days off, we went down to Olympic and added bits here and there, dubbed over vocals and mixed it all. That took about three days, and it was finished."

The band "gave \[the songs\] their debut on two British gigs at Yeovil and Dunstable \[12 and 13 April\]", then headed to North America for a tour at the end of April into May, during which Paul Rudolph replaced Lemmy. The album was released by ATCO on 9 May and licensed to United Artists for a UK release. The group promoted the album with tours in Germany and France in June, the UK in July and August including headlining the Reading Festival and appearing at Watchfield Free Festival.

At the beginning of the year, Turner, House, Powell and King had contributed to Michael Moorcock and The Deep Fix's *New Worlds Fair*, which also featured a guest appearance from Brock. In April, Moorcock, House and Turner contributed to the recording of Robert Calvert's *Lucky Leif and the Longships*, produced by Brian Eno and arranged by Rudolph.

## Songs

*See also the article "Kings of Speed".*

The lyrics of "Assault and Battery" quote from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem "A Psalm of Life". The song is a popular live number, being performed occasionally over the years, and has appeared on numerous live albums, sometimes under the title "Lives of Great Men". It was included as part of the live show for *The Chronicle of the Black Sword* concept, appearing on the album *Live Chronicles*.

"The Golden Void" segues from "Assault and Battery", and the two songs are often performed live as a pair as on the albums *Palace Springs* (1991) and *Canterbury Fayre 2001*. The song is a popular live number, being performed occasionally over the years, and has appeared on numerous live albums, sometimes under the title "Void of Golden Light", as on 1994's *The Business Trip*.

"The Wizard Blew His Horn", "Standing at the Edge" and "Warriors" are Michael Moorcock poems based on his Eternal Champion literary figure. The poems are recited to atmospheric soundscapes provided by Simon House, and the percussionists Simon King and Alan Powell. The band had been performing them on stage during 1974, versions appearing on *The 1999 Party* live album.

"Opa-Loka" is an instrumental that features a motorik rhythm and is strongly influenced by the music of Neu!. It was performed live, but when Robert Calvert joined the band at the beginning of 1976, he would recite the poem "Vikings on Mars" over the top of it, the song evolving into "Uncle Sam's on Mars" on the 1979 album *PXR5*. Powell, who had lived in Florida in 1970, named the piece after the place Opa-Locka.

"The Demented Man" is a Brock number played on acoustic guitar. (Also listed as "The Demented King".)

The lyrics of "Magnu" are based upon Percy Shelley's poem "Hymn of Apollo". The song is a popular live number, being performed occasionally over the years, versions on the albums *Choose Your Masques: Collectors Series Volume 2* (1982), *The Friday Rock Show Sessions* (1986) and *Canterbury Fayre 2001*. The first six lines of Magnu are nearly word for word identical to a magical chant that appears in an old Slavic folk-tale, "The History Of Prince Slugobyl; Or, The Invisible Knight", used to summon the magical horse, Magu (sic), first published in English translation in 1896 in "Fairy tales of the Slav peasants and herdsmen."

"Spiral Galaxy 28948" is a Simon House instrumental, the title being his date of birth (28 September 1948), except his birthday is actually 29 August 1948 - a typo mixup between '289' and '298'. It was performed live in 1975 after the release of the album, and again during 2001 when House had temporarily rejoined the band, a version appearing on the album *Canterbury Fayre 2001*.

## Cover

The original album sleeve unfolds into a large shield-shape, revealing that the silhouetted Warrior is standing at the edge of an apparently bottomless chasm. The landscape on the other side of the chasm is a mirror image, with another setting sun, a closer inspection of this entire image reveals a helmeted face. The reverse of the cover depicts a bronze shield bearing the 8-rayed emblem of Chaos, as described in Moorcock's books.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

Allan Jones in *Melody Maker* (10 May 1975) was critical in his review of the album despite it being "probably Hawkwind's most professional record" due to the advance in their "technical proficiency", specifically the contributions of Simon House. The compositions are in the "standard Hawkwind traditions of sweeping synthesiser passages contrasting ethereal space with the violence of monotonous bass and rhythm guitar", and of the poems he says "If Moorcock feels qualified to describe any of these pieces as poetry, then that's his problem" and that they are delivered "with all the emotion of Davros being exterminated by renegade Daleks".

Geoff Barton in *Sounds* assessed it as "includ\[ing\] most of their traditional characteristics (leaden guitar, ritualistic chanting, wailing moogs, SF lyrics) but in a much more mature and varied setting", and that "Simon House's influence is strongly felt" making it "rather fuller, more interesting than usual".

### Band reaction

Michael Moorcock: "*Warrior on the Edge of Time* was a concept of mine. What Dave tends to do is he says 'Do us a concept' or 'I've got this rough concept, can you work it out?' I do it, then Dave has a different idea and the whole thing shifts away, so that's the way it works. It's a perfectly good way of working – it tends to give Dave a bit of a start or whatever. I was doing a lot of my 'Eternal Champion' stuff on stage, so it seemed automatic to do that because there were so many numbers I could fit into that. I was only in the studio about an hour to do the stuff I did, and it was one of those weird things I didn't get the session fee either."

Lemmy: "The album was a fuck-up from start to finish. That 'Opa-Loka' was a lot of fucking rubbish. I wasn't even on that. That was the drummer's thing, that track... We were kind of complacent anyway. If you have a hit album, you're complacent, and if you have two you really are in trouble. With them, they had four, 'cos they had *In Search of Space* before me... There's great stuff on all them albums. 'The Golden Void' was a beautiful track, but by then I was well out of favour."

Dave Brock: "There was some good stuff on that album. I think we peaked then, in 1974/75."

Simon King: "I suppose I’m two-thirds happy with this one. For me that’s not bad as I was only half happy with the last one! Warriors is a different musical thing because it’s Simon House’s first real contribution: on *Hall of the Mountain Grill* he was too new to be able to have that much influence, and now, of course we’ve got Alan as a second drummer, which has meant a lot of changes."

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writing | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Assault and Battery (Part 1)" | Dave Brock | 5:35 |
| 2. | "The Golden Void (Part 2)" | Brock | 4:35 |
| 3. | "The Wizard Blew His Horn" | Michael Moorcock, Simon House, Alan Powell, Simon King | 2:00 |
| 4. | "Opa-Loka" | Powell, King | 5:40 |
| 5. | "The Demented Man" | Brock | 4:20 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writing | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Magnu" | Brock | 8:40 |
| 7. | "Standing at the Edge" | Moorcock, House, Powell, King | 2:45 |
| 8. | "Spiral Galaxy 28948" | House | 3:55 |
| 9. | "Warriors" | Moorcock, House, Powell, King | 2:05 |
| 10. | "Dying Seas" | Nik Turner | 3:05 |
| 11. | "Kings of Speed" | Moorcock, Brock | 3:25 |

CD bonus track
| No. | Title | Writing | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Motorhead" | Ian Kilmister | 3:02 |

Atomhenge disc 1 bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Motorhead" | 3:06 |
| 12. | "Soldiers at the Edge of Time" (Michael Moorcock version) | 2:06 |
| 13. | "On the Road" | 1:11 |
| 14. | "The Wizard Blew His Horn" (Nik Turner version) | 1:55 |
| 15. | "Spiral Galaxy 28948" (demo) | 6:15 |
| 16. | "Soldiers at the Edge of Time" (Nik Turner version) | 2:03 |
| 17. | "Motorhead" (Dave Brock vocal version) | 3:07 |
| 18. | "Kings of Speed" (instrumental version) | 4:30 |

Atomhenge disc 2 bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Motorhead" (instrumental demo) | 3:07 |
| 12. | "Dawn" | 8:57 |
| 13. | "Watchfield Festival Jam" (Watchfield Free Festival on 23 August 1975) | 11:48 |
| 14. | "Circles" (Watchfield Free Festival on 23 August 1975) | 4:29 |
| 15. | "I Am the Eye" (Watchfield Free Festival on 23 August 1975) | 4:25 |

* The Atomhenge edition lists *Assault And Battery / The Golden Void* as one track.

## Personnel

Hawkwind Additional personnel

## Credits

## Charts

| Chart (1975) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 91 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 13 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 150 |

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 74 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 12 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

* May 1975: United Artists Records, UAG29766, UK vinyl – original copies came in gatefold foldout sleeve with inner sleeve. Later pressings retained the inner sleeve but had a normal single LP sleeve based on the outer part of the gatefold.
* May 1975: Atco Records, SD36-115, USA vinyl
* Jan 1981: Liberty Records, UAG29766, UK vinyl
* Oct 1992: Dojo Records, DOJOCD84, UK CD
* May 1993: Griffin Music, 55421 3931-2, USA CD
* 27 May 2013: Atomhenge (Cherry Red) Records, ATOMCD1035, UK CD.
* 27 May 2013: Atomhenge (Cherry Red) Records, ATOMCD31037, UK 2CD+DVD.
* 27 May 2013: Atomhenge (Cherry Red) Records, ATOMBOX1001, UK 2CD+DVD+vinyl.

### CD masters

In a 2011 interview Nigel Reeve, custodian of Hawkwind's United Artists Records archive at EMI, explained that *Warrior on the Edge of Time* had originally been released on a separate contract with United Artists, and its rights were no longer held by EMI; hence, it was omitted from EMI's remastering and release of Hawkwind's United Artists catalogue in 1996.

The album was released in the UK on CD for the first time in 1992 on the Dojo label, mastered from vinyl. A second version was released in 1993 on the Canadian label Griffin Music, mastered from a first-generation copy of the original master. This master was the Atco tape used for the 1975 North American vinyl release, and included the single mix of "Kings of Speed". The Atco master used by Griffin was originally created at Olympic Studios and didn't have any fades on the tracks. A set of accompanying notes written by Dave Brock in 1975 were used to recreate the original fades when Griffin created its digital master. No EQ was used when the Griffin digital master was created. The transfer was done to match the original vinyl as closely as possible.

In May 2013, Cherry Red reissued the album, along with a new stereo and 5.1 mix by Steven Wilson, on the Atomhenge label managed by Esoteric Recordings. It was also confirmed that the original master tapes were used.

## InfoBox

| Warrior on the Edge of Time | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hawkwind | |
| Released | 9 May 1975 |
| Recorded | January and March 1975 |
| Studio | Rockfield Studios, Monmouth; mixed at Olympic Studios, London |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 47:44 |
| Label | United Artists (UK and Europe)
Atco (US)
Liberty (Japan) |
| Producer | Hawkwind |
| Hawkwind chronology | |
| *Hall of the Mountain Grill*
(1974) ***Warrior on the Edge of Time***
(1975) *Astounding Sounds, Amazing Music*
(1976) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Warrior on the Edge of Time* | |
| 1. "Kings of Speed" b/w "Motorhead"
Released: March 1975 | |
|  | |


title: Peters Township School District

abstract:
Peters Township School District is a large, suburban, public school district located in Peters Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania and encompasses an area of 19.5 square miles (51 km⁲). Peters Township School District had a population of 17,566, according to the 2000 federal census. By 2010, the district's population increased to 21,219 people. The educational attainment levels for the School District population were 95.9% high school graduates and 56.1% college graduates. The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 3.2% of the district's pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty Level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012. In 2009, the per capita income was $36,159, while the median family income was $86,661. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. In Washington County, the median household income was $53,693. By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100. In 2014, the median household income in the USA was $53,700. Peters Township School District operates five schools:
  - Bower Hill Elementary School Kindergarten through Grade 3
  - Pleasant Valley Elementary School Kindergarten through Grade 3
  - McMurray Elementary School Grades 4 – 5
  - Peters Township Middle School Grades 6 - 8
  - Peters Township High School Grades 9 - 12 High school students may choose to attend the Western Area Career Technology Center (WACTC) for training in the construction and mechanical trades. The Intermediate Unit IU1 provides the district with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, background checks for employees, state mandated recognizing and reporting child abuse training, speech and visual disability services and criminal background screenings and professional development for staff and faculty. The Peters Township School District borders 4 other school districts - Upper St. Clair S.D. and Bethel Park S.D. to the north, Canon-McMillan S.D. to the south and west, and Ringgold S.D. to the south and east.

text:
# Peters Township School District

**Peters Township School District** is a large, suburban, public school district located in Peters Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania and encompasses an area of 19.5 square miles (51 km2). Peters Township School District had a population of 17,566, according to the 2000 federal census. By 2010, the district's population increased to 21,219 people. The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 95.9% high school graduates and 56.1% college graduates. The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.

According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 3.2% of the district's pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty Level  as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012. In 2009, the per capita income was $36,159, while the median family income was $86,661. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. In Washington County, the median household income was $53,693. By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100. In 2014, the median household income in the USA was $53,700.

Peters Township School District operates five schools:

* Bower Hill Elementary School Kindergarten through Grade 3
* Pleasant Valley Elementary School Kindergarten through Grade 3
* McMurray Elementary School Grades 4 – 5
* Peters Township Middle School Grades 6 - 8
* Peters Township High School Grades 9 - 12

High school students may choose to attend the Western Area Career Technology Center (WACTC) for training in the construction and mechanical trades. The Intermediate Unit IU1 provides the district with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, background checks for employees, state mandated recognizing and reporting child abuse training, speech and visual disability services and criminal background screenings and professional development for staff and faculty.

The Peters Township School District borders 4 other school districts - Upper St. Clair S.D. and Bethel Park S.D. (both in Allegheny County) to the north, Canon-McMillan S.D. to the south and west, and Ringgold S.D. to the south and east.

## Extracurriculars

The district offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and over 16 sports.

### Athletics

All boys athletic teams have the "Indians" nickname, while most girls teams go by the nickname "Lady Indians". The Indians are members of both the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League (WPIAL) and of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA).

#### High school

The school district funds 13 boys and 13 girls varsity athletic teams at the high school, most of which, due to the school's high enrollment, compete at the highest classification level. These include:

| Boys Sports | Class |
| --- | --- |
| Baseball | AAAAAA |
| Basketball | AAAAAA |
| Cross Country | AAA |
| Football | AAAAAA |
| Golf | AAA |
| Indoor Track and Field | AAAA |
| Lacrosse | AAA |
| Soccer | AAAA |
| Swimming and Diving | AAA |
| Tennis | AAA |
| Track and Field | AAA |
| Volleyball | AAA |
| Wrestling | AAA |

| Girls Sports | Class |
| --- | --- |
| Basketball | AAAAAA |
| Cheer | AAAAAA |
| Cross Country | AAA |
| Field Hockey | AAA |
| Golf | AAA |
| Indoor Track and Field | AAAA |
| Lacrosse | AAA |
| Soccer | AAAA |
| Softball | AAAAAA |
| Swimming and Diving | AAA |
| Tennis | AAA |
| Track and Field | AAA |
| Volleyball | AAAA |

#### Middle school

The school district funds 6 boys and 7 girls athletic teams. These include:

| Boys Sports |
| --- |
| Basketball |
| Cross Country |
| Football |
| Swimming and Diving |
| Track and Field |
| Wrestling |

| Girls Sports |
| --- |
| Basketball |
| Cheer |
| Cross Country |
| Softball |
| Swimming and Diving |
| Track and Field |
| Volleyball |

40°16′58″N 80°04′48″W / 40.28289°N 80.08009°W / 40.28289; -80.08009

## InfoBox

| Peters Township School District | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Address | |
| 631 East McMurray Road McMurray, Washington County, Pennsylvania, 15317
United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Students and staff | |
| District mascot | Indian |
| Colors | Red and white |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.ptsd.k12.pa.us |


title: Norton Hall

abstract: Norton Hall is an English country house situated on Norton Church Road in the suburb of Norton in Sheffield, England. For most of its history it has been a private residence, in its latter history it has been used as a NHS hospital, a private hospital and has now been converted into high quality apartments. It is a Grade II* listed building.

text:
# Norton Hall

**Norton Hall** is an English country house situated on Norton Church Road in the suburb of Norton in Sheffield, England. For most of its history it has been a private residence, in its latter history it has been used as a NHS hospital, a private hospital and has now been converted into high quality apartments. It is a Grade II\* listed building.

## History

### Previous halls on the site

The present Norton Hall dates from 1815 but the Norton estate has great history and can be traced back to pre Conquest days with the estate being mentioned in the last will and testament of the Anglo-Saxon nobleman Wulfric Spott who died c.1002. Modern historian Barbara A. West states that the present Norton Hall *“is probably the third house on the site”*. In the 12th century the estate was owned by Robert FitzRanulph, the Lord of Alfreton and Norton who funded the building of the nearby Beauchief Abbey. The FitzRanulph family remained the owners of the Norton estate until 1269 when the failure to produce a male heir meant the estate went into the hands of the Chaworth family who owned the estate for almost two hundred years until their male lineage ran out in 1458.

The house then had a succession of different owners including the Denham, Babbington, Eyre, Blythe and Bullock families. The house at this time seems to have been in the style of the traditional Elizabethan E-shaped manor house, having a principal front with projections at each end and a recess in the centre. In 1666 the Bullocks had severe monetary problems and the house and estate was sold to Cornelius Clarke who died childless and passed it on to his nephew Robert Offley. The Offleys remained for several generations, with Stephen Offley becoming High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1716. The heiress Urith Offley married the Sheffield industrialist Samuel Shore in 1759. At this time Norton Hall was described by the Reverend George Hall in his 1815 book *The History of Chesterfield* as "one of those picturesque old mansions of our country gentry of the high order, of which so few remain. Some portions of it were of very high antiquity."

### Present hall is built

Samuel Shore's son, also called Samuel, is responsible for the design of the hall as we see it today. He completely rebuilt and re-modelled the house and included a private nonconformist chapel, stables, a gamekeeper‘s house, 200 acres of park and woodland, small lakes and a walled garden . The house was described as "a fine mansion with a spacious park", although the well known Norton sculptor Francis Chantrey described it as "Packing box with windows in". The Shores were forced to sell the house when their bank on Church Street failed in the financial crash of 1843. Initially there were no offers to buy, as Lord of the Manor Offley Shore put the estate on the market. Finally a tenant, James Yates, was found and he lived in the house for a time.

The house was eventually purchased by Charles Cammell (1810-1879) in 1850, owner of the Cyclops Steel Works in Sheffield. Cammell added a grand dining room, a billiard room, orangery and colonnade. The next owner was John Sudbury who occupied the hall until 1901 and he was followed by William Frederic Goodliffe, a hosiery manufacturer, who lived there for a year with wife Elizabeth, daughters Ellen and Ada and four servants. In 1902 the owner was Lieutenant-Colonel Bernard Alexander Firth, Commander of the 4th Battalion of the York and Lancaster Regiment and the son of the Sheffield steel manufacturer Mark Firth. He had the dining room panelled in oak and installed a 17th-century marble fireplace, thereafter it was known as the Oak Room. In 1916 Bernard Firth allowed officers of the Royal Flying Corps to use the hall.

### The hall as a hospital

In 1925 Lieutenant-Colonel Firth donated the hall to the four main voluntary hospitals in Sheffield, he also sold them 112 acres of land for £25,000. The plan was to incorporate Norton Hall into a new hospital which would amalgamate the services of The Royal, The Royal Infirmary and Jessop hospitals. However, a later decision was made to consolidate hospital services in the city centre and it was deemed that Norton was to far away to be used as a main hospital. This left Jessop Hospital to make full use of the site and in October 1927 the Firth Auxiliary Hospital (also known as the Norton Annexe) opened as a supplementary unit to the main site in the city centre. The unit could house 45 antenatal and fever cases and there was a special open air ward for the treatment of puerperal sepsis. The closure of the Firth Auxiliary Hospital was first discussed in April 1969 and it was finally closed in 1972. In November 1972 the hall was re-opened as the Beechwood private clinic which in turn closed in 1989.

### The creation and development of Graves Park

When the Norton estate was broken up and sold in 1925 by Lieutenant-Colonel Firth, 154 acres were purchased by Councillor John George Graves and presented to Sheffield Corporation as a gift to the City of Sheffield for use as a public park, it was named Graves Park, the largest in the city. Over the years more of the Norton estate was bought up to increase the size of the park. In 1929, 43 acres of land previously occupied by tenant farmers was purchased and this was followed by the acquisition of another eight acres in 1931. In 1935 J.G. Graves again extended the park by buying land from the hospital trustees which had formerly been used by the Firth Auxiliary Hospital. In 1976, 22 acres of agricultural land which had previously been part of the Norton estate and stood close to the hall was acquired to create the Graves Park Animal Farm.

### Present Day

In the 1990s the hall, stables, colonnade and orangery were developed into high class private accommodation.

## Architecture

The hall is constructed from dressed stone with a hipped slate roof. The main frontage of the building faces south and is composed of three storeys and a seven window range, the windows are mostly 20th century top hung casements with moulded surrounds and keystones. The front also has a central pediment and the main entrance has an open Doric three bay colonnade. The main colonnade leads off the west side of the building and is composed of eight bays with Doric columns. The colonnade leads on to the taller orangery which has three tall round arched openings with keystones, all the openings in the orangery and the colonnade have now been filled in as they have been converted to apartments. The stables stand 200 metres to the north east and are built of ashlars and coursed rubble with a hipped stone slate roof.

53°20′07″N 1°27′50″W / 53.33523°N 1.463884°W / 53.33523; -1.463884


title: Laelaptiella anomala

abstract: Laelaptiella anomala is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.

text:
# Laelaptiella anomala

***Laelaptiella anomala*** is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.

## InfoBox

| *Laelaptiella anomala* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Ologamasidae |
| Genus: | *Laelaptiella* |
| Species: | ***L. anomala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Laelaptiella anomala***<br>Womersley, 1956 | |
|


title: Trismelasmos brechlini

abstract: Trismelasmos brechlini is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found on Sumatra.

text:
# Trismelasmos brechlini

***Trismelasmos brechlini*** is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found on Sumatra.

## InfoBox

| *Trismelasmos brechlini* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cossidae |
| Genus: | *Trismelasmos* |
| Species: | ***T. brechlini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trismelasmos brechlini***<br>Yakovlev, 2011 | |
|


title: Pseudocoarica

abstract: Pseudocoarica is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Pseudocoarica caledonica, is found in New Caledonia. Both the genus and species were first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1979.

text:
# Pseudocoarica

***Pseudocoarica*** is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, ***Pseudocoarica caledonica***, is found in New Caledonia. Both the genus and species were first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1979.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudocoarica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Calpinae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudocoarica***
Holloway, 1979 |
| Species: | ***P. caledonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudocoarica caledonica***
Holloway, 1979 | |
|


title: Husbands Run

abstract:
Husbands Run is a 1.71 mi (2.75 km) long tributary to Brandywine Creek in New Castle County, Delaware north of Wilmington, Delaware. It rises in Woodley Park between the Tavistock Woodbrook, Sharpley and Edenridge neighborhoods. It flows through DuPont Country Club, where it is joined by the Willow Run and mouths north of Delaware Route 141.
The Husbands were early settlers to the region.

text:
# Husbands Run

**Husbands Run** is a 1.71 mi (2.75 km) long tributary to Brandywine Creek in New Castle County, Delaware north of Wilmington, Delaware. It rises in Woodley Park between the Tavistock Woodbrook, Sharpley and Edenridge neighborhoods. It flows through DuPont Country Club, where it is joined by the Willow Run and mouths north of Delaware Route 141. The Husbands were early settlers to the region.

## InfoBox

| Husbands Run
Tributary to Brandywine Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Husbands Run mouth | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Delaware |
| County | New Castle |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | divide between Brandywine Creek and Shellpot Creek |
| location | Talleyville, Delaware |
| coordinates | 39°48′17″N 075°33′06″W / 39.80472°N 75.55167°W / 39.80472; -75.55167 |
| elevation | 360 ft (110 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Brandywine Creek |
| location | Wilmington, Delaware |
| coordinates | 39°46′55″N 075°34′12″W / 39.78194°N 75.57000°W / 39.78194; -75.57000 |
| elevation | 110 ft (34 m) |
| Length | 1.71 mi (2.75 km) |
| Basin size | 1.53 square miles (4.0 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Brandywine Creek |
| average | 2.35 cu ft/s (0.067 m3/s) at mouth with Brandywine Creek |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | southwest |
| River system | Christina River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Willow Run |
| right | unnamed tributaries |


title: Grivy-Loisy

abstract: Grivy-Loisy is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

text:
# Grivy-Loisy

**Grivy-Loisy** (French pronunciation: \[gʁivi lwazi\]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 226 |  |
| 1968 | 219 | −3.1% |
| 1975 | 182 | −16.9% |
| 1982 | 182 | +0.0% |
| 1990 | 190 | +4.4% |
| 1999 | 191 | +0.5% |
| 2008 | 177 | −7.3% |

## InfoBox

| Grivy-Loisy | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The doors of the church in Grivy-Loisy | |
| Location of Grivy-Loisy | |
| Grivy-LoisyGrivy-Loisy | |
| Coordinates: 49°25′02″N 4°37′55″E / 49.4172°N 4.6319°E / 49.4172; 4.6319 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Ardennes |
| Arrondissement | Vouziers |
| Canton | Attigny |
| Intercommunality | Argonne Ardennaise |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-Pol Richelet |
| Area**1** | 11.56 km2 (4.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 181 |
| Density | 16/km2 (41/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 08200 /08400 |
| Elevation | 87–120 m (285–394 ft)
(avg. 118 m or 387 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Warrior shiner

abstract: The warrior shiner is a species of fish that is native to Alabama.

text:
# Warrior shiner

The **warrior shiner** (***Lythrurus alegnotus***) is a species of fish that is native to Alabama.

## Description

The shiner has a compressed body with large eyes and dark lips and chin. The upper body of the shiner has dark stripe and dots, and is a light olive color. The shiner is distinguishable from the blacktip shiner due to the dark strip around the side of the warrior shiner. The shiner is about 7.5 centimeters, with eleven to twelve anal fins. Breeding males have red colored fins.

## Taxonomy

It was originally treated as a subspecies of the blacktip shiner. However, it has since been treated as a unique species by a number of sources.

## Habitat

The shiner lives in small to medium-sized freshwater streams with minimal gradient and substrate ranging from sand to bedrock. The shiner prefers to live in deep pools that are downstream from water willows. The fish mainly lives in the Black Warrior River system in Alabama. Populations of *Lythrurus alegnotus* co-exist with populations of *Lythrurus bellus* in Lost Creek in Walker County, Alabama, the North River, and in Yellow Creek and Hurricane Creek in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.

## Conservation status

The shiner is rated as near-threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Its habitat range is less than 7,500 square kilometers, and many local populations of *Lythrurus alegnotus* have gone extinct due to the continued degradation of stream quality and the effects of strip-mining. The shiner is not considered to be vulnerable because of the existence of more than ten population centers and the lack of fragmentation in population distribution. However, the IUCN still recommends the continued monitoring of warrior shiner populations and their habitat.

## InfoBox

| Warrior shiner | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Lythrurus* |
| Species: | ***L. alegnotus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lythrurus alegnotus***
(Snelson, 1972) | |
|


title: Nikon D40

abstract: The Nikon D40 is a 6.1-megapixel DX format DSLR Nikon F-mount camera announced by Nikon on November 16, 2006. It replaces the D50 as Nikon's entry level DSLR. It features a 2.5-inch 230,000-dot resolution LCD monitor, CCD sensor with ISO 200-1600 and 3D Color Matrix Metering. The D40 was the first Nikon DSLR without an in-body focus motor. Autofocus requires the use of a lens with an integrated autofocus-motor. In March 2007, Nikon released a sister model, the D40x, which included a 10.2-megapixel sensor and several other changes over the original D40.

text:
# Nikon D40

The **Nikon D40** is a 6.1-megapixel DX format DSLR Nikon F-mount camera announced by Nikon on November 16, 2006. It replaces the D50 as Nikon's entry level DSLR. It features a 2.5-inch 230,000-dot resolution LCD monitor, CCD sensor with ISO 200-1600 (3200 Hi-1) and 3D Color Matrix Metering.

The D40 was the first Nikon DSLR without an in-body focus motor. Autofocus requires the use of a lens with an integrated autofocus-motor.

In March 2007, Nikon released a sister model, the D40x, which included a 10.2-megapixel sensor and several other changes over the original D40.

## Features

* 6.1-megapixel Nikon DX format CCD Sensor
* 23.7 mm x 15.6 mm sensor size
* SD and SDHC memory card file storage
* ISO 200-1600. Hi-1 (ISO 3200)
* 2.5-inch color LCD monitor with 3 colorful display options
* File formats: JPEG, NEF (Nikon's RAW, 12-bit compressed
* Nikon F-mount lenses
* 3-area auto focus
* Image assist
* Fires continuously at a speed of up to 2.5 frames per second
* EN-EL9 Lithium-ion battery
* Built-in speedlight with i-TTL automatic flash control
* Flash sync speed up to 1/500 sec
* In-camera retouching

## Reception

Reviews of the Nikon D40 have been generally favorable due to its ergonomics and image quality. It received some criticism for some design compromises Nikon undertook to keep the D40's price and size competitive.

## Nikon D40x

On March 6, 2007, Nikon introduced the D40X, a sister camera to the D40. While identical in external design to the D40, it has a 10.2-megapixel CCD sensor, continuous shooting up to 3 frames per second, and a base sensitivity of ISO 100. It has a flash sync speed of 1/200 of a second.

A new consumer-level telephoto zoom with vibration reduction debuted alongside the launch. Nikon ceased production of the D40X in December 2007, shortly before they introduced its successor, the Nikon D60.

## InfoBox

Nikon D40
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Type | Digital single-lens reflex |
| Lens | |
| Lens | Interchangeable Nikon F-mount |
| Sensor/medium | |
| Sensor | Nikon DX format 23.7 mm × 15.6 mm (0.93 in × 0.61 in) CCD |
| Maximum resolution | 3,008 × 2,000 (6.1 effective megapixels) |
| Film speed | ISO 200-1600, ISO 3200 in high mode |
| Storage media | Secure Digital, SDHC up to 32GB |
| Focusing | |
| Focus modes | autofocus: single (AF-S); continuous (AF-C); auto selection (AF-A); Manual |
| Focus areas | 3 sensors, Multi-CAM530 |
| Exposure/metering | |
| Exposure modes | Manual, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, Program and preset settings: Auto, Portrait, Landscape, Child, Sports, Macro, and Night Portrait |
| Exposure metering | 420 segment color meter |
| Metering modes | 3D Color Matrix, Center-weighted and Spot |
| Flash | |
| Flash | i-TTL Built-in or hotshoe (e.g. for the matching SB-400 Speedlight) |
| Shutter | |
| Shutter speed range | 1/4000 to 30 seconds, bulb; 1/500 Flash X-Sync |
| Continuous shooting | 2.5 frame/s, 100 JPEG frames buffer |
| Viewfinder | |
| Viewfinder | optical, through the lens, pentamirror type, 0.8× magnification, 95% coverage |
| General | |
| LCD screen | 2.5", TFT, 230,000 pixel, 170° angle of view |
| Battery | 1,000 mAh lithium-ion EN-EL9 |
| Dimensions | 126 mm × 94 mm × 64 mm (5.0 in × 3.7 in × 2.5 in) |
| Weight | 475 g (16.8 oz) without battery
524.1 g (18.49 oz) with battery
729 g with battery and AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G ED II kit lens |
| Made in | Thailand |


title: Hyderabad City Police FC

abstract: Hyderabad City Police Football Club was an Indian institutional football club, being the most famous and powerful team in Hyderabad, affiliated to the Hyderabad Football Association (HFA). The club was associated and affiliated with Hyderabad City Police during reign of the Nizam of Hyderabad. From 1939 until the merger of Andhra, and Hyderabad Football Associations, the club shaped the sporting culture in the province.

text:
# Hyderabad City Police FC

**Hyderabad City Police Football Club** (popularly known by the nickname **City Afghans**) was an Indian institutional football club, being the most famous and powerful team in Hyderabad, affiliated to the Hyderabad Football Association (HFA). The club was associated and affiliated with Hyderabad City Police during reign of the Nizam of Hyderabad. From 1939 until the merger of Andhra, and Hyderabad Football Associations, the club shaped the sporting culture in the province.

## History

Hyderabad City Police had enjoyed a series of endless achievements in the pre-Independence era, the first non-Kolkata club to do so. In 1941, the club reached final of prestigious Stafford Challenge Cup, but a defeat in hands of Bangalore Muslims Club let them finishing runner-up. The first major success came in 1943 when the team win Ashe Gold Cup final against Bangalore. The club established its legendary performance on national level when it won the prestigious Durand Cup against Mohun Bagan, the cup was held after a break of 8 years and first time after Indian Independence; it won total 4 Durand Cups, including one as *Andhra Pradesh Police* after 1959. The club won Rovers Cup consistently for five years from 1950 to 1954, and state league championships for 11 consecutive years.

It was N. A. Fruvall who shaped the club in his captainship early from 1940s, and by 1950 the team was transformed into the national champions. In 1951, Syed Abdul Rahim took over Hyderabad City Police club as a coach and served until his death in 1963. They also finished as runners-up in DCM Trophy twice, in 1959 and 1965.

The team underwent a change in name in the 1960s after the state of Andhra Pradesh was formed and Hyderabad became its capital, with the change in name of the police force to Andhra Pradesh Police. They continued to play as **Andhra Pradesh Police Football Club** and won tournaments like Rovers Cup in 1960 and DCM Trophy in 1965.

## Notable players

Hyderabad City Police was one of power houses of Indian football, praised for producing some of country's legendary players like Sayed Khwaja Aziz-ud-Din, Muhammad Noor, Syed Nayeemuddin, Anthony Patrick, Yusuf Khan, and Syed Shahid Hakim. In the 1950s, the club achieved success with their 2–3–5 formation.

## Honours

(\*) joint winners with East Bengal

## Further reading

**Bibliography**

**Others**


title: Rohwer War Relocation Center

abstract: 朗和 The Rohwer War Relocation Center was a World War II Japanese American concentration camp located in rural southeastern Arkansas, in Desha County. It was in operation from September 18, 1942, until November 30, 1945, and held as many as 8,475 Japanese Americans forcibly evacuated from California. Among the inmates, the notation "朗和 (Rōwa)" was sometimes applied. The Rohwer War Relocation Center Cemetery is located here, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992.

text:
# Rohwer War Relocation Center

The **Rohwer War Relocation Center** was a World War II Japanese American concentration camp located in rural southeastern Arkansas, in Desha County. It was in operation from September 18, 1942, until November 30, 1945, and held as many as 8,475 Japanese Americans forcibly evacuated from California. Among the inmates, the notation "**朗和** (*Rōwa*)" was sometimes applied. The Rohwer War Relocation Center Cemetery is located here, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992.

## History

The 10,161-acre (4,112 ha) of land on which Rohwer was built had been purchased by the Farm Security Administration from tax-delinquent landowners in the 1930s. It remained largely abandoned until the War Relocation Authority, which oversaw the World War II incarceration program, took it over in 1942. It planned to use this facility to incarcerate ethnic Japanese, including American citizens from West Coast areas considered strategic to the war effort. Governor Homer Adkins initially opposed the WRA's proposal to build Rohwer and its neighbor, Jerome, in Arkansas, but relented after being assured that the Japanese American detainees would be controlled by armed white guards at these facilities and they would be removed from the state at the end of the war. During this era, Arkansas had Jim Crow laws and continued with its disenfranchisement of African-American citizens started at the turn of the century.

The Linebarger-Senne Construction Company was contracted to build the camp at a cost of $4.8 million; it worked under the supervision of the Army Corps of Engineers. The land was heavily forested and swampy due to its proximity to the Mississippi River 5 miles to the east. Extensive clearing and draining was necessary, making construction at the site a difficult and slow-going task. The camp was still under construction when the first inmates began to arrive. Ultimately the camp held administrative offices, schools, a hospital, and 36 residential blocks, each with twelve 20' by 120' barracks divided into several "apartments", as well as communal dining and sanitary facilities, all contained within a guarded barbed-wire fence.

The architect of the camp was Edward F. Neild of Shreveport, Louisiana, who also designed the camp at Jerome.

Rohwer opened on September 18, 1942, and reached a peak population of 8,475 by March 1943. Most detainees had been forced out of their homes and businesses in Los Angeles or the San Joaquin Valley in California. A large portion of Rohwer inmates were school-age children, most born in the US. About 2,000 students attended the camp's schools, which were opened on November 9, 1942, after some delay. Adults took jobs with the administration, hospital, schools, and mess halls, in addition to agricultural work or labor details outside camp. As 500 acres (200 ha) of the site used for residences and other buildings, officials used the remainder of Rohwer's land to grow more than 100 agricultural products. These were used to supplement the inmates' food rations (kept to a bare minimum of 37 cents a day per inmate to avoid rumors that the WRA was "coddling" Japanese Americans).

In 1943, the WRA required all adults in Rohwer and the other camps to submit to a series of questions. Officially, it was presented as the registration process to obtain clearance to leave camp for work or school – and it was initially distributed only to the citizen Nisei who were eligible for leave, before being extended to the first-generation Issei – but administrators soon began to focus instead on assessing the "loyalty" of imprisoned Japanese Americans.

The "loyalty questionnaire," as it came to be known, created anger and confusion because of two questions: one asked Japanese Americans if they were willing to volunteer for military service (despite their mistreatment by the government and the army) and the other if they would "forswear their allegiance to the Emperor of Japan" (although many had never held such allegiance in the first place). The set-up of the questions was confusing and internees were suspicious of their true purpose.

The loyalty questionnaire and subsequent recruitment efforts proved especially unpopular in the Jerome camp, located 27 miles south of Rohwer. Only 2 percent of eligible men in Jerome (and in Rohwer) enlisted. Some 2,147 others, a quarter of Jerome's population, were classified as "disloyal" after giving unfavorable responses to the questionnaire. They were transferred to the "segregation center" at Tule Lake, California. The decline in population, combined with earlier unrest over poor working conditions in the camp, resulted in authorities closing the Jerome camp at the end of June 1944. A significant number of former Jerome inmates were transferred to Rohwer.

Together with the Tule Lake Segregation Center, Rohwer was the last WRA camp to close, on November 30, 1945.

## Rohwer today

The largest remaining structure is the high school gymnasium/auditorium, which was added to and was in service with the local school before it closed in July 2004. The tallest structure is the smokestack from the hospital incinerator. Neither of these is marked in any way to indicate historical significance. The rail line used to bring internees and supplies to the camp remains, though it is apparently abandoned. Some of the rails date back to World War II and before. This rail line also served the Jerome War Relocation Center, which was located 30 miles (48.3 km) southwest of Rohwer.

Various building foundations, walkways, culverts and other improvements are still visible and some are still in use by the local residents. Trees planted by residents have grown tall.

The camp cemetery survives as the only site still identified as having been part of the internment center. It was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1992. It has a monument to Japanese American war dead from the camp, and also a monument to those who died at the camp. The camp site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A tank-shaped memorial, made of reinforced concrete, guards the cemetery, commemorating Japanese Americans who fought for their country during World War II. 581 men joined the U.S. Army from this camp, either volunteering or accepting their conscription into the legendary 100th Infantry Battalion, the famed 442nd RCT and MIS. Thirty-one who came from Rohwer died in action, and their names are inscribed on the memorial, as well as a later memorial raised nearby.

In its National Historic Landmark summary on the Rohwer Relocation Center Cemetery, the National Park Service writes:

> Rohwer Relocation Camp was constructed in the late summer and early fall of 1942 as a result of Executive Order 9066 (February 19, 1942). Under this order, over 110,000 Japanese Americans and their immigrant parents were forcibly removed from the three Pacific Coast StatesCalifornia, Oregon, and Washington. In all, ten camps were established in desolate sites, all chosen for their distance from the Pacific Coast. Over 10,000 evacuees passed through Rohwer during its existence, and over two thirds of these were American citizens. The monuments found within the camp's cemetery are perhaps the most poignant record of this time."

In its summary on the Rohwer Relocation Center Cemetery, the National Park Service indicates that the cemetery's condition is threatened due to deterioration of the grave markers and monuments, but that ownership of the site is unclear. Deterioration is visible in photographs of the site. Deterioration is discussed in a report from the National Park Service to the President.

The cemetery is located 0.5 miles (0.8 km) west of State Route 1, approximately 12 miles (19.3 km) northeast of McGehee, Arkansas. Signs identify the graded road which goes from the highway to the cemetery, where there is room to park automobiles.

## Heritage site

The Rohwer War Relocation Center site is now an Arkansas State University Heritage Site, and features a memorial, the camp cemetery, interpretive panels and audio kiosks.

The Japanese American Internment Museum opened in nearby McGehee, Arkansas in 2013 and serves as the history museum and unofficial visitor center for the Rohwer War Relocation Center. Exhibits include a film, oral histories, photographs and personal artifacts of the internees.

## Shooting of residents by a civilian

In 1942, M.C. Brown, a tenant farmer on horseback on his way home from deer hunting, came across some Japanese Americans from the Rohwer camp, on a work detail in the woods. He fired his gun, and one of the Japanese American men was struck in the hip by a pellet while another was wounded in the calf of the leg. The Japanese Americans were working in the woods under the supervision of a government engineer when the shooting occurred.

## Notable internees

### Notes

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Rohwer Relocation Center Cemetery | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District | |
|  | |
| Rohwer Memorial Cemetery | |
|  | |
| Location | Desha County, Arkansas, United States |
| Nearest city | Rohwer, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 33°45′58.67″N 91°16′48.57″W / 33.7662972°N 91.2801583°W / 33.7662972; -91.2801583 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Architect | Kaneo Fujioka and Kay Horisawa |
| NRHP reference No. | 92001882 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 06, 1992 |
| Designated NHLD | July 6, 1992 |