title: Wallace Carroll

abstract: (John) Wallace Carroll was an American journalist, newspaper editor, and publisher, known for his 1968 editorial “Vietnam — Quo Vadis?” which called for an end to the Vietnam War and influenced President Lyndon B. Johnson’s initial withdrawal of troops from the conflict. Carroll at the time was the editor and publisher of the Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel (1963-1974). Recognized as among the best of his generation of journalists, Carroll had previously worked as news editor for the Washington Bureau of The New York Times (1955-1963), as executive editor of the Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel (1949-1955) and as a foreign correspondent for United Press in Europe (1929-1942). From 1942 to 1945 he headed the European division of the United States Office of War Information, charged with all propaganda efforts aimed at Nazi-conquered Europe during World War II. He was also the father of journalist John Carroll, the former editor of the Baltimore Sun, the Philadelphia Inquirer and the Los Angeles Times.

text:
# Wallace Carroll

**(John) Wallace Carroll** (December 5, 1906 – July 28, 2002) was an American journalist, newspaper editor, and publisher, known for his 1968 editorial “Vietnam — Quo Vadis?” which called for an end to the Vietnam War and influenced President Lyndon B. Johnson’s initial withdrawal of troops from the conflict. Carroll at the time was the editor and publisher of the *Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel* (1963-1974). Recognized as among the best of his generation of journalists, Carroll had previously worked as news editor for the Washington Bureau of *The New York Times* (1955-1963), as executive editor of the *Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel* (1949-1955) and as a foreign correspondent for United Press in Europe (1929-1942). From 1942 to 1945 he headed the European division of the United States Office of War Information, charged with all propaganda efforts aimed at Nazi-conquered Europe during World War II. He was also the father of journalist John Carroll, the former editor of the *Baltimore Sun*, the *Philadelphia Inquirer* and the *Los Angeles Times*.

## Early life and career

Wallace Carroll was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on December 5, 1906, to John Francis Carroll and Josephine Meyer Carroll. After graduating from Marquette University in 1928 he was hired by United Press in Chicago; six months later he was transferred to London and two years later to Paris to work as a foreign correspondent for the news service. While in Great Britain and France he covered London's hunger strikes and the Stavisky riots in Paris, reporting on the growing political and economic discontent on the continent. In 1934 he was sent to Geneva as United Press's diplomatic reporter covering the League of Nations, where he filed numerous reports on the rise of fascism in Japan, Germany and Italy. In 1938 he traveled to Spain to report on the Spanish Civil War.

## World War II coverage

In 1939, United Press appointed Carroll to head its London bureau, charged with covering the growing crisis with Nazi Germany and the potential for upcoming conflict. Carroll was among the first to confirm Britain's declaration of war against Germany in September 1939 and subsequently covered both the London Blitz and the Battle of Britain. In 1941 he traveled via the Arctic Circle to the Soviet Union to cover the Nazi invasion of that country, including the German advance on Moscow. On his return home via Asia, he landed in Pearl Harbor just days after the Japanese attack on the U.S. fleet and was among the first journalists allowed to view the destruction.

For his reporting on the Soviet Union Carroll won the 1942 Headliners Award. That year he also published the book *We’re In This With Russia*, an assessment of the Soviet Union's ability to fight off the Nazi onslaught.

## Government service

Carroll left journalism in 1942 when he was appointed by Elmer Davis, then director of the U.S. Office of War Information (OWI), to head up the organization's European operations based in London. The position required Carroll to work closely with both the Political Warfare Executive, a secret British agency created in 1941 to produce and disseminate propaganda, as well as with General Dwight Eisenhower’s Psychological Warfare Branch. Following a dispute with Robert Sherwood, then heading up OWI’s New York office, Carroll resigned his position but returned several months later at the request of Davis to head up European operations based in Washington D.C. During this time, Carroll was instrumental in developing communication strategies aimed at ensuring the preservation of Rome and in minimizing the Luftwaffe’s presence during D-Day, among other campaigns. On the dissolution of OWI in 1945 he wrote *Persuade or Perish*, which summarized Allied wartime propaganda efforts (published in 1948).

## Return to journalism

Following the war, Carroll returned to journalism in 1949 as executive editor of *Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel* in North Carolina.

### *The New York Times*

In 1955 Carroll was recruited by *The New York Times* Washington bureau chief, James R. Reston, to serve as news editor for the bureau, based in Washington D.C. While there he oversaw what has often been called the “golden years” of the bureau, during which numerous journalists under Carroll and Reston's direction garnered fame and recognition. These included Russell Baker, Tom Wicker, Allen Drury, Anthony Lewis, and Max Frankel, among others.

### *Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel*

Carroll left *The New York Times* in 1963 to return to Winston-Salem as editor and publisher of the *Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel*. His return coincided with the surgeon general's report on the dangers of smoking in 1964. Carroll, despite the economic dependency of the region on the tobacco industry, directed the paper to fully cover the dangers of smoking to the public. He also helped lead efforts on the creation of the North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston-Salem, as well as the desegregation of schools in the city. Toward the end of his career, he championed environmental causes, leading the *Winston-Salem Journal* to a Pulitzer Prize for environmental reporting in 1971. Following his retirement from the paper in 1974 he worked as a director of the national effort to preserve the New River Valley.

A voice of journalism in the South, Carroll wrote and lectured frequently on the ethics of his profession. He served on both the Nieman Fellowship selection boards as well as the Pulitzer Prize boards (1968-1973). He also provided frequent advice to the U.S. State Department on U.S.-Soviet relations.

## Personal life

Carroll was married to the former Margaret (Peggy) Sawyer. He and Peggy had four children: Margaret, John, Rosamund (Posie) and Patricia. John Carroll became a well-known journalist, whose leadership at the *LA Times* "was like watching Willie Mays play baseball," according to his colleague, *New York Times* Executive Editor Dean Baquet. Like his father, John was a member of the Pulitzer Prize Board, and garnered numerous journalism awards before his death in 2015.


title: Jackson Boulevard Bridge

abstract: The Jackson Boulevard Bridge is a Pratt deck truss, fixed-trunnion, bascule bridge that spans the Chicago River at Jackson Boulevard in downtown Chicago. It was built in 1915 and is 273 feet in length.

text:
# Jackson Boulevard Bridge

The **Jackson Boulevard Bridge** is a Pratt deck truss, fixed-trunnion, bascule bridge that spans the Chicago River at Jackson Boulevard in downtown Chicago. It was built in 1915 and is 273 feet in length.

41°52′41″N 87°38′16″W / 41.878073°N 87.637698°W / 41.878073; -87.637698

## InfoBox

| Jackson Boulevard Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| The bridge in 2015 | |
| Coordinates | 41°52′41″N 87°38′16″W / 41.87807°N 87.63770°W / 41.87807; -87.63770 |
| Carries | Pedestrians, bicycles, motor vehicles |
| Crosses | South Branch of the Chicago River |
| Locale | Chicago Loop |
| Named for | Andrew Jackson, after the street on which it resides |
| Owner | City of Chicago |
| Maintained by | Chicago Department of Transportation |
| NBI number | 16602627329 |
| Preceded by | Adams Street Bridge |
| Followed by | Van Buren Street Bridge |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Double-leaf bascule bridge |
| Material | Steel |
| Total length | 273 feet (83 m) |
| Width | 64 feet (20 m) |
| Longest span | 202 feet (62 m) |
| No. of spans | 1 main & 3 approach |
| Clearance below | 15.74 feet (4.80 m) |
| No. of lanes | 3 (one-way eastbound) |
| History | |
| Engineering design by | Strauss Bascule Bridge Company |
| Constructed by |  |
| Construction end | 1915 |
| Construction cost | $400,600 |
| Opened | 29 January 1916 |
| Rebuilt | 1993 |
| Replaces | 1888 swing bridge |
| Statistics | |
| Daily traffic | * 6900 vehicles per day (2014) * 22,280 pedestrians per day (1999) |
| Location | |
|  | |
| References | |
| historicbridges.org | |


title: Instituto de Historia de Cuba

abstract: The Instituto de Historia de Cuba in Havana, Cuba, is a research institute, archive, and library of late 19th and 20th century Cuban history. It was established in 1987 under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba. It is located in the Palacio de Aldama near the Parque de la Fraternidad in Havana. Among its collections are records related to Sergio Carbó y Morera and Ramón Grau. Staff of the institute have included Oscar Zanetti, among others. According to its website, research focuses on topics such as Cuban economics, politics, society, regional history, and international relations.

text:
# Instituto de Historia de Cuba

The **Instituto de Historia de Cuba** in Havana, Cuba, is a research institute, archive, and library of late 19th and 20th century Cuban history. It was established in 1987 under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba. It is located in the Palacio de Aldama near the Parque de la Fraternidad in Havana. Among its collections are records related to Sergio Carbó y Morera and Ramón Grau. Staff of the institute have included Oscar Zanetti, among others. According to its website, research focuses on topics such as Cuban economics, politics, society, regional history, and international relations.

*This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia.*

## Bibliography


title: Metopolophium dirhodum

abstract: Metopolophium dirhodum, the rose-grain aphid or rose-grass aphid, is a species of sap-sucking insect in the family Aphididae found worldwide. Its primary host is rose, and its secondary host is a grass, including cereals such as wheat, barley, oats and rye. It is an important vector of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) which causes serious reductions in yields of affected crops.

text:
# Metopolophium dirhodum

***Metopolophium dirhodum***, the **rose-grain aphid** or **rose-grass aphid**, is a species of sap-sucking insect in the family Aphididae found worldwide. Its primary host is rose, and its secondary host is a grass, including cereals such as wheat, barley, oats and rye. It is an important vector of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) which causes serious reductions in yields of affected crops.

## Distribution

The rose-grass aphid has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, being found in most parts of the world where its secondary hosts are grown. It was first detected in New Zealand in 1982.

## Description

Wingless adults are between 2 and 3 mm (0.08 and 0.12 in) long, slender, glossy yellowish-green with a darker dorsal stripe. The antennae, legs and siphunculi (erect, backward-pointing tubes on the abdomen) are relatively long and pale in colour. Winged individuals are between 1.6 and 3.3 mm (0.06 and 0.13 in) long and a uniform green colour.

## Life cycle

The species overwinters on rose, its primary host, as an egg. On hatching in the spring, rose-grain aphids feed on rose at first, but do not persist on it beyond about June in the northern hemisphere, dispersing to grasses and cereal crops in midsummer. On its primary host, it is less harmful than is the rose aphid (*Macrosiphum rosae*), but in some years the plants may be littered with white nymphal cases and large numbers of winged females may develop in late spring and migrate in "clouds" to its secondary hosts. Cereals that are used by this aphid as their secondary hosts include wheat, barley, oats and rye. Research in New Zealand showed that barley and oats were more affected by this pest than was wheat, possibly because the lower leaves of wheat, on which the aphids tended to congregate, became senescent early in the year, giving conditions unsuitable for the further growth of the aphid.

## Symptoms on cereals

Symptoms shown by the host plant include abnormally coloured and contorted foliage, deposits of honeydew with subsequent growth of sooty mould, yellowing of foliage and early senescence. This aphid is one of the most important vectors of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV).

## InfoBox

| *Metopolophium dirhodum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Aphididae |
| Genus: | *Metopolophium* |
| Species: | ***M. dirhodum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metopolophium dirhodum***<br>(Walker, 1849) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aphis dirhoda* Walker, 1849 | |


title: WCEV

abstract: WCEV was a radio station licensed to Cicero, Illinois, United States. Serving the Chicago area, WCEV was owned by Migala Communications Corporation, and aired a time brokered ethnic programming format.

text:
# WCEV

**WCEV** (1450 AM) was a radio station licensed to Cicero, Illinois, United States. Serving the Chicago area, WCEV was owned by Migala Communications Corporation, and aired a time brokered ethnic programming format.

## History

After WVON moved from 1450 AM to 1390 AM in 1975, both Migala Communications and Midway Broadcasting filed applications to establish a new station on the vacated frequency. Between 1976 and 1979, WFMT was granted an interim license to simulcast on 1450 AM. In 1979, Migala and Midway reached an agreement to divide the broadcast week between them in a time sharing agreement for two stations.

WCEV was on the air from 1 p.m. to 10 p.m. Monday through Friday; Midway's WXOL broadcast on 1450 during the remaining hours. The two stations shared a transmitter site in South Lawndale, with WCEV's studios in Chicago's Portage Park neighborhood.

On January 9, 2020, Robert Feder reported that WCEV would be going out of business after 40 years on the air. The station signed off for the final time on January 20, 2020, at 10 p.m. WCEV's license was cancelled by the FCC on July 30, 2021.

## InfoBox

WCEV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Chicago market |
| Frequency | 1450 kHz |
| Branding | WCEV 1450 AM |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Migala Communications Corporation |
| History | |
| First air date | October 1, 1979 |
| Last air date | January 20, 2020 (2020-01-20) |
| Call sign meaning | We're Chicagoland's Ethnic Voice |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 42137 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 1,000 watts unlimited |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°49′57.1″N 87°42′20.2″W / 41.832528°N 87.705611°W / 41.832528; -87.705611 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: Mean Streak (album)

abstract: Mean Streak is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Y&T, released in 1983 through A&M Records. Tracks include "Midnight in Tokyo", "Sentimental Fool", and the opening track, "Mean Streak". The album peaked at number 103 on the Billboard 200 on October 27, 1983. This was the third of five studio albums released by A&M Records for Y&T.

text:
# Mean Streak (album)

***Mean Streak*** is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Y&T, released in 1983 through A&M Records. Tracks include "Midnight in Tokyo" (inspired by the band's live show in Tokyo), "Sentimental Fool", and the opening track, "Mean Streak". The album peaked at number 103 on the Billboard 200 on October 27, 1983. This was the third of five studio albums released by A&M Records for Y&T.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Metal Forces* | 7/10 |

*Loudwire* ranked the album at number 28 on their list of the Top 30 hair metal albums. AllMusic said the hard rock album was a disappointment to the band's fans who knew that their live shows were much better. *Metal Forces* and Blabbermouth.net called out the combination of hard rock and heavy metal songs on the album, with Blabbermouth praising the title track as the band's best song.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Y&T

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mean Streak" | 4:06 |
| 2. | "Straight Thru the Heart" | 4:14 |
| 3. | "Lonely Side of Town" | 4:48 |
| 4. | "Midnight in Tokyo" | 5:41 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Breaking Away" | 4:42 |
| 6. | "Hang 'Em High" | 5:30 |
| 7. | "Take You to the Limit" | 4:57 |
| 8. | "Sentimental Fool" | 3:11 |
| 9. | "Down and Dirty" | 3:54 |

## Personnel

### Y&T

### Production

* Chris Tsangarides – producer, first engineer
* Mike Herbick, Richie Corsello – second engineers
* Nigel James – arranger
* Scott Boorey – assistant engineer
* Bernie Grundman – mastering
* Chuck Beeson – art direction
* John Taylor Dismukes – front cover illustration
* Mike Fink – rear cover design
* Larry Du Pont – rear cover photo tinting

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 26 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 103 |
|

## InfoBox

| Mean Streak | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Y&T | |
| Released | September 1983 |
| Recorded | 1983 |
| Genre | Hard rock, heavy metal, glam metal |
| Length | 41:02 |
| Label | A&M |
| Producer | Chris Tsangarides |
| Y&T chronology | |
| *Black Tiger*
(1982) ***Mean Streak***
(1983) *In Rock We Trust*
(1984) | |


title: Megachernes penicillatus

abstract: Megachernes penicillatus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Chernetidae family. It was described in 1948 by Austrian arachnologist Max Beier.

text:
# Megachernes penicillatus

***Megachernes penicillatus*** is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Chernetidae family. It was described in 1948 by Austrian arachnologist Max Beier.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Far North Queensland. The type locality is Dinner Creek, Ravenshoe, on the Atherton Tableland.

## Behaviour

The pseudoscorpions are terrestrial predators.

## InfoBox

| *Megachernes penicillatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Pseudoscorpiones |
| Family: | Chernetidae |
| Genus: | *Megachernes* |
| Species: | ***M. penicillatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachernes penicillatus***<br>Beier, 1948 | |
|


title: Meconopsis villosa

abstract: Meconopsis villosa, the Himalayan woodland-poppy, is an ornamental poppy, which is native of Nepal. The species was placed in the genus Cathcartia erected by J.D. Hooker to honour J.F. Cathcart, an Indian civil servant and amateur botanist who collected and hired native artists to illustrate the flowers of the Himalayas. It was transferred to Meconopsis by George Taylor in 1934. In 2017, it was suggested that the genus Cathcartia should be revived, and this species again treated as Cathcartia villosa.

text:
# Meconopsis villosa

***Meconopsis villosa***, the **Himalayan woodland-poppy**, is an ornamental poppy, which is native of Nepal. The species was placed in the genus *Cathcartia* erected by J.D. Hooker to honour J.F. Cathcart, an Indian civil servant and amateur botanist who collected and hired native artists to illustrate the flowers of the Himalayas. It was transferred to *Meconopsis* by George Taylor in 1934. In 2017, it was suggested that the genus *Cathcartia* should be revived, and this species again treated as *Cathcartia villosa*.

* Grey-Wilson, C. (1993) *Poppies: The poppy family in the wild and in cultivation.* (Poppies) 81. \[accepts; lists as *C. villosa* Hook.f. ex Hook.\].
* Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. (1984–) *Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.* (F Bhutan) \[accepts; lists as *C. villosa Hook.*\].
* Hara, H. et al. (1978–1982) *An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.* (L Nepal) \[lists as *C. villosa* Hook.f.\].
* Pink, A. (2004). *Gardening for the Million*. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.

## InfoBox

| *Meconopsis villosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Papaveraceae |
| Genus: | *Meconopsis* |
| Species: | ***M. villosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Meconopsis villosa***<br>(Hook.f. ex Hook.) G.Taylor | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Cathcartia villosa* Hook.f. ex Hook. | |


title: Mecophilus

abstract: Mecophilus is a genus of soil centipedes in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. The species in this genus are among the smallest centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha, reaching only 8 mm in length. This genus is also notable for featuring the fewest legs in the subfamily Aphilodontinae. The species in this genus are found in the Atlantic Forest in south and southeastern Brazil.

text:
# Mecophilus

***Mecophilus*** is a genus of soil centipedes in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. The species in this genus are among the smallest centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha, reaching only 8 mm in length. This genus is also notable for featuring the fewest legs (only 33 or 35 pairs) in the subfamily Aphilodontinae. The species in this genus are found in the Atlantic Forest in south and southeastern Brazil.

## Discovery

This genus was created by the Italian entomologist Filippo Silvestri in 1909 to contain the newly discovered type species *M. neotropicus.* This species is known only from the holotype, found in Foz do Iguaçu in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Although Silvestri described this holotype as a female, this specimen has since proved to be a male upon examination. The holotype is deposited in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria in Genova, Italy.

In 2019, the biologists Victor C. Calvanese, Antonio D. Brescovit, and Lucio Bonato described the second species in this genus to be discovered, *M. tupiniquim*. They based their description of this species on a female holotype and four male paratypes. Calvanese collected all five specimens from Morro do Cruzeiro in São Roque in the state of São Paulo in Brazil in 2017. The type specimens are deposited in the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, Brazil. The name of this species is an adjective that means "originating in Brazil" in the Tupi-Guarani language.

In 2022, Calvanese and Brescovit described the third species in this genus to be discovered, *M. carioca*. They based their description of this species on two males and two females, including a female holotype. All four specimens were found in Parque Nacional de Itatiaia in Itatiaia in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The holotype and two paratypes for this species are deposited in the Instituto Butantan. The name of this species means "house of the white man" in the Tupi language and is a tribute to the city of Rio de Janeiro; the local indigenous people used this term to refer to the city and its residents.

## Description

All three species are notable for their small sizes. The holotype of the type species *M. neotropicus* measures only 8 mm in length. The specimens of *M. tupiniquim* are even smaller, ranging from 7 mm to 7.5 mm in length. Finally, *M. carioca* is the smallest species in this genus, with specimens ranging from only 6.5 mm to 7 mm in length.

All three species also have notably few legs. All specimens in this genus have only 35 pairs of legs, except for one male specimen of *M. carioca* that has only 33 leg pairs, the minimum number recorded in the subfamily Aphilodontinae. Outside of the genus *Mecophilus*, no species in this subfamily features 35 or fewer leg pairs.

The species in this genus feature an elongated first sternite as well as an elongate forcipular pretergite (the sclerite anterior to the main tergite of the forcipular segment) and an elongate forcipular coxosternite (the sclerite that corresponds to both the sternite of the forcupular segment and the sclerites at the base of the forcipules). In all three species in this genus, there is no terminal claw on the ultimate legs of the male. The female of the species *M. tupiniquim* does feature this terminal claw, but the female of the species *M. carioca* does not, while females of the species *M. neotropicus* remain unknown.

The three species in this genus may be distinguished from one another based on the denticle on the ultimate article of the forcipule. In *M. neotropicus*, this denticle is in the middle of the article, whereas in the other two species, the denticle is at the base of the article. Furthermore, in *M. carioca*, this denticle is small, whereas in the other two species, the denticle is conspicuous. This denticle is also larger in *M. tupiniquim* than in *M. neotropicus.*

## InfoBox

| *Mecophilus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Chilopoda |
| Order: | Geophilomorpha |
| Family: | Geophilidae |
| Subfamily: | Aphilodontinae |
| Genus: | *Mecophilus*
Silvestri, 1909 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Mecophilus neotropicus*
Silvestri, 1909 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Fund derivative

abstract: A fund derivative is a financial structured product related to a fund, normally using the underlying fund to determine the payoff. This may be a private equity fund, mutual fund or hedge fund. Purchasers obtain exposure to the underlying fund whilst improving their risk profile over a direct investment.

text:
# Fund derivative

A **fund derivative** is a financial structured product related to a fund, normally using the underlying fund to determine the payoff. This may be a private equity fund, mutual fund or hedge fund. Purchasers obtain exposure to the underlying fund (or funds) whilst improving their risk profile over a direct investment.

## Example

For example, the purchaser may be attracted by a fund's star manager, performance history or strategy, whilst improving their counter-party risk and getting leverage, currency hedging or a capital guarantee via the derivative.

## Features

The structured product may be investible by retail clients or institutional investors that would not otherwise buy the fund, because of its provision of safeguard features such as capital guarantees or the appointment of independent administrators to calculate the underlying fund's value and additional oversight mechanisms.

## Types

Typical fund derivatives might be a call option on a fund, a CPPI on a fund, or a leveraged note on a fund. More complicated structures might include auto-call features guaranteeing that if the derivative reached a certain value that value was locked in, on top of an initial minimum value guarantee at issuance. Maturities might range from three to ten years, or more rarely multiple decades. The big players in this field are investment banks such as Barclays Investment Bank, BNP Paribas, TPG, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Macquarie Group, Morgan Stanley, Société Générale, UBS Investment Bank.

Fund derivatives have had explosive growth over the past 10 years but are still a major growth area. New structures are constantly being developed to suit market and client opportunities.


title: Timocratica nivea

abstract: Timocratica nivea is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Vitor O. Becker in 1982. It is found in Brazil. The wingspan is 15–17 mm for males and 19–20 mm for females. The ground colour of the forewings is white. The underside is white. The hindwings are also white.

text:
# Timocratica nivea

***Timocratica nivea*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Vitor O. Becker in 1982. It is found in Brazil (Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais).

The wingspan is 15–17 mm for males and 19–20 mm for females. The ground colour of the forewings is white. The underside is white. The hindwings are also white.

## InfoBox

| *Timocratica nivea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Timocratica* |
| Species: | ***T. nivea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timocratica nivea***<br>Becker, 1982 | |
|


title: Time's Up!

abstract: Time's Up! Environmental Organization was founded in 1987 to help educate New Yorkers about environmental awareness. One of its main focuses is to promote non-polluting transportation by advocating for bicycling. Time's Up! helped found New York City's Pedicab industry and took a role in maintaining community gardens in New York City. Other activities by the group include support for the Occupy Wall Street movement and the Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space. Time's Up! is run by volunteers, with some 150 members in 2012. Time's Up! also had a video documentary team. Dr. Michael Nash, the director of Tamiment Library, wrote: “Time's Up has been at the center of a new generation of activist politics in New York."

text:
# Time's Up!

**Time's Up!** Environmental Organization was founded in 1987 to help educate New Yorkers about environmental awareness. One of its main focuses is to promote non-polluting transportation by advocating for bicycling.

Time's Up! helped found New York City's Pedicab industry and took a role in maintaining community gardens in New York City.

Other activities by the group include support for the Occupy Wall Street movement and the Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space. Time's Up! is run by volunteers, with some 150 members in 2012. Time's Up! also had a video documentary team. Dr. Michael Nash, the director of Tamiment Library, wrote: “Time's Up has been at the center of a new generation of activist politics in New York."

## History

### Early years, 1980s-1990s

The group was founded in 1987 with a commitment to improving the environment by working with community members. The first campaign was designed to introduce New York City residents to the connections between everyday choices and purchases and environmental issues such as rain forest destruction, animal testing, energy consumption, air quality, and water pollution through a series of campaigns.

In 1988, the group partnered with other environmental organization to ban styrofoam and reduce harmful chemicals that destroy the ozone layer.

The group campaigned with posters against styrofoam packaging. Eventually, the styrofoam containers started showing up again in the late 90's. Finally, on July 1, 2015, New York City banned styrofoam containers.

In 1991 the group campaign to promote non-polluting transportation, focusing on hybrid-electric and electric-pedal-assist technology. The group teamed up with Light Wheels, Cooper Union and the HUB Station to conduct research and create early prototypes. The group organized workshops, seminars, and presentations.

In 1992 the group supported the creation of the first Green Apple Map, pinpointing 145 local sites in New York City that had environmental impact. Time's Up! co-spnsored annual Green Apple Cycling Tours that introduce the map's highlighted areas.

The following year, the group campaigned for eliminating car traffic from Central Park by organizing group rides. The group also organized for reducing car use by holding design competitions and street parties. Cars were eventually banned from using Central Park and Prospect Park, a move that the group takes credit for.

The group was also heavily involved with the advent of New York City's pedicab industry. Working with the HUB Station, Time's Up! designed, and produced pedicabs.

In 1994 the group started a Central Park Moonlight ride. It was very dangerous to ride in the streets of New York City, so the group chose Central Park as a safe auto-free location to build confidence among bicyclists. The Central Park Moonlight Ride offered cyclists a safe, fun way to explore the park at night.

*

1996 Time's Up teams up with Wetlands Activism Collective to launch a campaign to raise awareness about animal rights and the preservation of both virgin forest and rainforest ecosystems. Special thanks to The Body Shop Anita Roddick who lent pictures and helped with the campaign to stop animal testing. Time's Up! continues collaborating with Wetlands on various events to date, including our weekly Thursday Night Movies and Presentations.

The group launched the Street Memorial Project, commemorating cyclists and pedestrians killed by motorists.

**1988 Reclaim The Streets**, which started in England, is a way drawing attention to the fact that the urban design of cities was not only meant for cars, but for the community. This was done through direct action, art, and dance. This Reclaim The Streets campaign was very successful in Europe but was more difficult in America because the police had no patience for community-style events and street closings. However, in NYC from about 1998 till 2002, there were several Reclaim The Streets events; the first at Astor Place Cube, which took over Broadway and created a street rave for over 4 hours.

Another Reclaim The Streets event took place on Ave A/7th St, not only focused on reclaiming the street but also on taking over abandoned lots and turning them into vibrant community gardens. And of course, Reclaim The Streets took over Times Square and helped make it into a pedestrian plaza. There was even a Reclaim The Streets dance party in Williamsburg, Brooklyn on Bedford Ave.

New York City Reclaim The Streets was loosely organized by anybody who wanted to dance and help reclaim the streets but also had help from the lower East Side Collective and Time's Up! Environmental Organization.

### 2000s- present

After Hurricane Sandy ravaged the East Coast in the fall of 2012, the group made energy bikes available for people to charge their phones and other small electronics. For the next several weeks, the group and others organized small volunteer teams to travel to Staten Island and the Rockaways (the hardest hit areas in the city) to bring energy bicycles, food, and other supplies to people in need. Time's Up disaster relief efforts are well known for being quick to respond and utilizing low-tech methods.


title: Medea de Novara

abstract: Medea de Novara was a Liechtensteiner-born actress who appeared in Mexican films. She was married to the Mexican film director Miguel Contreras Torres. She was noted for her resemblance to the Empress Carlota of Mexico who she played four times on screen. From 1951 to 1979, he and her husband owned Gutenberg Castle in Balzers. She reserved the right to live in the castle until her death in 2001. Her brother Kindle Florian served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein.

text:
# Medea de Novara

**Medea de Novara** (18 April 1905 – 1 November 2001) was a Liechtensteiner-born actress who appeared in Mexican films. She was married to the Mexican film director Miguel Contreras Torres. She was noted for her resemblance to the Empress Carlota of Mexico who she played four times on screen.

From 1951 to 1979, he and her husband owned Gutenberg Castle in Balzers. She reserved the right to live in the castle until her death in 2001. Her brother Kindle Florian served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Dick, Bernard F., *Hal Wallis: Producer to the Stars*. University Press of Kentucky, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Medea de Novara | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 18 April 1905
Vaduz, Liechtenstein |
| Died | 1 November 2001 (aged 96)
Vaduz, Liechtenstein |
| Other names | Herminne Kindle Futcher |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1931–1946 (film) |
| Spouse | Miguel Contreras Torres  (m. 1936; died 1981) |


title: Tina Tombs

abstract: Tina M. Tombs is a Canadian professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She played under both her maiden name, Tina Tombs, and a married name, Tina Purtzer (1988–92). Purtzer won once on the LPGA Tour in 1990.

text:
# Tina Tombs

**Tina M. Tombs** (born April 4, 1962) is a Canadian professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She played under both her maiden name, **Tina Tombs**, and a married name, **Tina Purtzer** (1988–92).

Purtzer won once on the LPGA Tour in 1990.

## Professional wins

### LPGA Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of
victory | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jul 8, 1990 | Jamie Farr Toledo Classic | −8 (67-72-66=205) | 4 strokes | JoAnne Carner
Christa Johnson |

**LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)**

| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1993 | Sara Lee Classic | Meg Mallon | Lost to birdie on third extra hole |

## Team appearances

**Professional**

* Handa Cup (representing World team): 2008, 2011

## InfoBox

| Tina Tombs | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| **Full name** | Tina M. Tombs |
| **Born** | (1962-04-04) April 4, 1962
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| **Height** | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) |
| **Sporting nationality** | Canada |
| Career | |
| **College** | Arizona State University |
| **Turned professional** | 1985 |
| **Former tour(s)** | LPGA Tour (1988-1999)
Ladies European Tour
Futures Tour
Legends Tour |
| **Professional wins** | 1 |
| Number of wins by tour | |
| LPGA Tour | 1 |
| Best results in LPGA major championships
 | |
| Chevron Championship | T28: 1994 |
| Women's PGA C'ship | T36: 1999 |
| U.S. Women's Open | T31: 1984 |
| du Maurier Classic | T31: 1988 |


title: Media in Providence metropolitan area

text:
# Media in Providence metropolitan area

The city of Providence, Rhode Island is part of a media market that includes New Bedford, Massachusetts. The area is served by several local television stations, radio stations, newspapers, and blogs based in the cities proper and the surrounding communities of Rhode Island and Bristol County, Massachusetts.

## Broadcast television

Providence is the center of Southern New England's broadcasting market, which also encompasses Bristol County, Massachusetts, which includes the cities of Fall River and New Bedford. The city is served by television stations representing every major American television network, as well as radio stations originating from Providence and Boston.

| Channel | Call Sign | Network | Owner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | WLNE-TV | ABC, Grit, Court TV Mystery, Court TV | Standard Media |
| 10 | WJAR | NBC, MeTV, Comet, TBD | Sinclair Broadcast Group |
| 12 | WPRI-TV | CBS, MyNetwork, Bounce TV, Dabl | Nexstar Media Group |
| 28 | WLWC | Court TV | Inyo Broadcast Holdings |
| 36 | WSBE-TV | PBS, Learn | Rhode Island PBS Foundation |
| 51 | **WRIW-CD** | Telemundo | NBC Telemundo Licensee |
| 64 | **WNAC-TV** | FOX, The CW, Laff | Mission Broadcasting (operated by Nexstar) |
| 69 | **WPXQ-TV** | ION, Laff, Bounce TV, QVC, HSN | ION Media Networks |

## Radio

Providence is the center of Southern New England's broadcasting area, with many radio stations located in the city and surrounding communities, as well as some radio stations located in Greater Boston, Central Massachusetts, and eastern Connecticut.

| AM Stations | Call Sign | Owner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 550 kHz | WSJW | Starboard Media Foundation |
| 630 kHz | WPRO (AM) | Cumulus Media |
| 790 kHz | WPRV | Cumulus Media |
| 920 kHz | WHJJ | iHeartMedia |
| 1110 kHz | WPMZ | Videomundo Broadcasting |
| 1220 kHz | WSTL | Faith Christian Church |
| 1290 kHz | WPVD | Rhode Island Public Radio |
| 1320 kHz | WARA | Attleboro Access Cable Systems |
| 1340 kHz | WNBH | Hall Communications |
| 1400 kHz | WHTB | RVDE, LLC |
| 1420 kHz | WBSM | Cumulus Media |
| 1450 kHz | WWRI | DiPonti Communications, LLC |
| 1480 kHz | WSAR | Bristol County Broadcasting |
| 1590 kHz | WARV | Blount Communications |

| FM Stations | Call Sign | Owner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 88.1 MHz | WELH | The Wheeler School (leases to RIPR) |
| 89.3 MHz | WXNI | Rhode Island Public Radio (Newport) |
| 91.3 MHz | WDOM | Providence College |
| 91.5 MHz | WCVY | Coventry Public Schools (leases to RIPR) |
| 92.3 MHz | WPRO-FM | Cumulus Media |
| 93.3 MHz | WSNE-FM | iHeartMedia |
| 94.1 MHz | WHJY | iHeartMedia |
| 95.5 MHz | WLVO | K-Love |
| 98.1 MHz | WCTK | Hall Communications (New Bedford, MA) |
| 99.7 MHz | WEAN-FM | Cumulus Media (Wakefield) |
| 101.5 MHz | WWBB | iHeartMedia |
| 101.1 MHz
(share-time) | WBRU-LP
WFOO-LP
WVVX-LP | Brown Student Radio
AS220
Providence Community Radio |
| 102.7 MHz | WNPE | Rhode Island Public Radio (Narragansett) |
| 103.7 MHz | WVEI-FM | Audacy (Westerly) |
| 105.1 MHz | WWLI | Cumulus Media |
| 106.3 MHz | WWKX | Cumulus Media (Woonsocket) |

## Newspapers

Several newspapers serve the Providence-New Bedford media market.

| Newspaper | Owner |
| --- | --- |
| *Attleboro Sun-Chronicle* | United Communications Corporation |
| *Fall River Herald News* | GateHouse Media |
| *New Bedford Standard-Times* | Dow Jones Local Media Group |
| *Mothers News* (defunct) | Rhododendron Festival |
| *The Providence Journal* | GateHouse Media |
| *The Providence Phoenix* (defunct) | Phoenix Media/Communications Group |
| *Providence Business News* | Providence Business News, Inc |
| *Taunton Daily Gazette* | GateHouse Media |

## Television and movie productions

Providence and the surrounding area have been used as a backdrop for several movies and television series and the city remains invested in bringing filmmakers to its location, as is evidenced by a 25% tax credit on all Rhode Island spending offered to motion picture companies.

The animated television series *Family Guy* takes place in Quahog, a fictional suburb of Providence, and prominently features the most pronounced segment of Providence's skyline several times an episode (the buildings are One Financial Plaza, 50 Kennedy Plaza, and the Superman Building).

The city and its name were used in the television series *Providence*, and Showtime's new series, *Brotherhood*, was also filmed and set in Providence.

The Farrelly brothers used the city as a backdrop for several of their movies, notably *Dumb and Dumber* and *There's Something About Mary*. Peter Farrelly set *Outside Providence* in Pawtucket, adjacent to Providence. The 1991 American-Canadian film *Providence* takes place at Brown University. Although not set in Providence, the movie *Amistad* used the exterior of the Rhode Island State House as the United States Capitol exterior. The movie *Little Children* was also filmed in Providence. In 2006, Providence was the primary filming location for the film *Underdog*.


title: Fung Ying Ki

abstract: Fung Ying-ki was a Hong Kong Paralympic wheelchair fencer. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, he won three gold medals in the men's individual foil, team foil, and individual sabre events and took bronze in team sabre. Four years later at the Athens Paralympics, he won two golds in individual foil and team sabre and a silver in team foil. Fung lost the use of his legs as a child after contracting a virus which damaged his spinal cord. At age 15, he began practicing wheelchair fencing at a national training facility in Hong Kong. After the 2004 Paralympic Games, he relearned to walk with lower limbs sensation deficiency and retired from fencing. In the months leading up to the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, Fung coached Japanese wheelchair fencer Toyoaki Hisakawa in preparation for the games. In later years, he started participating in wheelchair marathon. He completed his first full marathon in Osaka, Japan in 2011. Then in 2012, he completed the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon and was the first local wheelchair racer to complete the entire course. In 2013, he won the wheelchair half-marathon for the same event. He hoped that the increasing profile of wheelchair events locally could provide more opportunities and choices to the athletes with disabilities in Hong Kong. Fung died on 2 November 2023, at the age of 43.

text:
# Fung Ying Ki

**Fung Ying-ki** (Chinese: 馮英騏; Jyutping: *fung4 jing1 kei4*; 7 February 1980 – 2 November 2023) was a Hong Kong Paralympic wheelchair fencer. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, he won three gold medals in the men's individual foil, team foil, and individual sabre events and took bronze in team sabre. Four years later at the Athens Paralympics, he won two golds in individual foil and team sabre and a silver in team foil.

Fung lost the use of his legs as a child after contracting a virus which damaged his spinal cord (acute transverse myelitis in 1994 with paraplegia). At age 15, he began practicing wheelchair fencing at a national training facility in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Sports Institute). After the 2004 Paralympic Games, he relearned to walk with lower limbs sensation deficiency and retired from fencing.

In the months leading up to the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, Fung coached Japanese wheelchair fencer Toyoaki Hisakawa in preparation for the games.

In later years, he started participating in wheelchair marathon. He completed his first full marathon in Osaka, Japan in 2011. Then in 2012, he completed the Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon and was the first local wheelchair racer to complete the entire course. In 2013, he won the wheelchair half-marathon for the same event. He hoped that the increasing profile of wheelchair events locally could provide more opportunities and choices to the athletes with disabilities in Hong Kong.

Fung died on 2 November 2023, at the age of 43.

## Education

Fung studied at Kiangsu-Chekiang College (Shatin) during his early years and he received a B.A. with honors in Physical Education and Recreation Management from Hong Kong Baptist University and a MEd in Sports Biomechanics from National Taiwan Normal University. He was also a graduate of the first cohort of Master in Physiotherapy degree (MPT) of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2013. He was a PhD candidate at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

In the summer of 2010, Fung received a Postgraduate Travel Award from International Society on Biomechanics in Sports, and he was a commission member of Hong Kong Association of Sports Medicine and Sports Science from 2010 to 2012. Meanwhile, he was one of the classification committee member of International Paralympic Committee (IPC) from 2010 to 2014.

## Research interest

## Published conference abstracts

1. **Fung YK**, Chan MS, Lee YS, Shiang TY (2017).The comparison of EMG characteristics and metabolic cost between walking and running near preferred transition speed. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 12(2), xxx-xxx
2. Chung MML, Chan WYR, **Fung YK**, Fong SMS, Lam SLS, Lai WKC, Ng SMS (2014). Reliability and validity of alternate step test times in subjects with chronic stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 46, 969-974
3. Chan DKC, **Fung YK**, Xing S, Hagger MS (2014). Myopia prevention, near work, and visual acuity of college students: integrating the theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(1), 369-380
4. **Fung YK**, Chan DKC, Caudwell KM, Chow BC (2013). Is the wheelchair fencing classification fair enough? A kinematic analysis among world-class wheelchair fencers. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 6(1), 17-29
5. Chung, WM, **Fung YK** (2012). Sports medicine for the physically disabled. The Hong Kong Medical Diary, 16(12), 20-22
6. Chan DKC, **Fung YK**, Hagger MS (2012). Motivation for myopia prevention: a preliminary test of the trans-contextual model. Psychology and Health, 27, 18-19
7. Yung PSH, **Fung YK**, Chung MML, Wong CWY, Fong DTP, Chan KM (2010). Clinical practice of thumb kinematics analysis for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - a pilot study. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual Congress of The Hong Kong Orthopaedic Association (pp. 96), Hong Kong, China. \[ 27–28 Nov 2010\].
8. Yung PSH, Chan YW, **Fung YK**, Chung MML, Fong DTP, Chan KM (2010). An inexpensive functional finger prosthesis with rebounded type progressive hinge lock. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual Congress of The Hong Kong Orthopaedic Association (pp. 95), Hong Kong, China. \[ 27–28 Nov 2010\].
9. Yung PSH, Chung MML, **Fung YK**, Fong DTP, Chan KM (2010). A portable pressure meter for scoliosis brace fitting. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual Congress of The Hong Kong Orthopaedic Association (pp. 93), Hong Kong, China. \[ 27–28 Nov 2010\].
10. Fong DTP, Chan YYW, **Fung YK**, Wong CWY, Hung LK, Liao WH (2010). An inexpensive functional finger prosthesis. In Proceedings of SMART - Sports Medicine And Rehabilitation Therapy 2010 Convention (pp. 10–11), Hong Kong, China. \[9 Oct 2010\].
11. **Fung YK**, Chow BC, Fong DTP, Chan KM (2010). A kinematic analysis of trunk ability in wheelchair fencing: a pilot study. In Proceedings of XXVIII International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports (pp. 126–129), Marquette, USA. \[ 19–23 Jul 2010\].
12. **Fung YK**, Chan KM (2010). Functional ability between different categories of wheelchair fencer. In Proceedings of the 3rd HKASMSS Student Conference on Sport Medicine, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science (pp. 21–22), Hong Kong, China. \[19 Jun 2010\].
13. **Fung YK**, Shiang TY, Huang CF (2008). Kinetic analysis to poweriser (An energy storage and return spring device). In Proceedings of XXVI International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, (pp. 366–369), Seoul, Korea. \[ 14–18 Jul 2008\].

## InfoBox

Fung, Ying-ki
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1980-02-07)7 February 1980
British Hong Kong |
| Died | 2 November 2023(2023-11-02) (aged 43) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Sport | Wheelchair fencing |
| Event(s) | Sabre, foil |
| Medal record      Men's Wheelchair fencing  Paralympic Games  2000 Sydney  Individual foil  2000 Sydney  Team foil  2000 Sydney  Individual sabre  2004 Athens  Individual foil  2004 Athens  Team sabre  2004 Athens  Team foil  2000 Sydney  Team sabre | |
| Updated on 8 September 2010 | |


title: Fung Yuen

abstract: Fung Yuen is an area and a village located northwest of Tolo Harbour, in Tai Po, Tai Po District, Hong Kong.

text:
# Fung Yuen

**Fung Yuen** (Chinese: 鳳園) is an area and a village located northwest of Tolo Harbour, in Tai Po, Tai Po District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Fung Yuen is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. For electoral purposes, it is part of the Hong Lok Yuen constituency of the Tai Po District Council. It was formerly represented by Zero Yiu Yeuk-sang, who was elected in the local elections until May 2021.

## Villages

There are five villages in Fung Yuen:

* Fung Mei Wai, formerly Kau Shi Wai (狗屎圍)
* Fung Yuen Lo Tsuen (鳳園老村)
* Lau Hang (流坑)
* Mak Uk (麥屋; 'Mak's House')
* Tin Sam (田心)

## History

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Fung Yuen was 133. The number of males was 60.

## Conservation

Fung Yuen Valley has been listed as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1980 to reflect "its importance as a major breeding site for butterflies". The protected area covers approximately 43 hectares. Within this area, the Fung Yuen Butterfly Reserve was set up on 2 hectares of private land in 2005 by the Tai Po Environmental Association through the funding from the Environment and Conservation Fund.

## Further reading

22°27′42″N 114°10′50″E / 22.461630°N 114.180490°E / 22.461630; 114.180490


title: Furukawa Group

abstract: Furukawa Group formerly Furukawa zaibatsu (古河財閥) is one of Japan's 15 largest industrial groups. Its origins date back to 1875, founder Furukawa Ichibei. This group specialized in mining, electronics, and chemicals industry before World War II. Now, the predominant companies are Fuji Electric and Furukawa Electric as well as Fujitsu, FANUC, and Advantest. Other well-known companies include Yokohama Rubber.

text:
# Furukawa Group

**Furukawa Group** (古河グループ, *Furukawa Gurūpu*) formerly *Furukawa zaibatsu* (古河財閥) is one of Japan's 15 largest industrial groups. Its origins date back to 1875, founder Furukawa Ichibei. This group specialized in mining, electronics, and chemicals industry before World War II.

Now, the predominant companies are Fuji Electric and Furukawa Electric as well as Fujitsu, FANUC, and Advantest. Other well-known companies include Yokohama Rubber.

## Member companies

* Furukawa Subgroup
    + 古河機械金属株式会社 Furukawa Co., Ltd. (Mining)
        - 古河林業株式会社 Furukawa Ringyo Co., Ltd. (Home and Wood)
        - 古河産機システムズ株式会社 Furukawa Industrial Machinery Systems Co., Ltd.
        - 株式会社トウペ Tohpe Corporation (Paint)
* Furukawa Electric Group
    + 古河電気工業株式会社 The Furukawa Electric Co.
        - 古河電池株式会社 Furukawa Battery Co.
        - 日本製箔株式会社 Nippon Foil Mfg. Co.
        - 古河産業株式会社 Furukawa Sangyo Kaisha
        - 古河物流株式会社 Furukawa Logistics Co.
        - 古河総合設備株式会社 Furukawa Engineering & Construction
        - 株式会社古河テクノマテリアル Furukawa Techno Material Co.
        - 古河AS株式会社 Furukawa Automotive Systems
        - 岡野電線株式会社 Okano Electric Wire Co.
        - ミハル通信株式会社 Miharu Communication Inc.
        - 古河サーキットフォイル株式会社 Furukawa Circuit Foil Co.
        - 超音波工業株式会社 Ultrasonic Engineering Co.
        - 関東電化工業株式会社 Kanto Denka Kogyo Co.
    + 株式会社ADEKA Adeka Corporation
        - 日本農薬株式会社 Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd.
    + Yokohama Rubber Company
    + Fuji Electric Holdings Co. (Group)
        - Fuji Electric
        - 富士電機リテイルシステムズ株式会社 Fuji Electric Retail Systems Co.
        - 富士電機アドバンストテクノロジー株式会社 Fuji Electric Advanced Technology Co
        - 富士電機ITソリューション株式会社 Fuji Electric IT Solutions Co.
        - 富士物流株式会社 Fuji Logistics Co., Ltd.
    + Fujitsu (Group)
        - Fujitsu Ten
        - FANUC Robotics, world's largest robotics company
        - Advantest, largest DRAM testing company
        - 株式会社富士通ビジネスシステム FUJITSU BUSINESS SYSTEMS Ltd.
        - 株式会社富士通アドバンストエンジニアリング FUJITSU ADVANCED ENGINEERING Ltd.
    + 日本軽金属株式会社 Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd (Group)
        - 日本ギア工業株式会社 NIPPON GEAR CO., Ltd.
        - 日軽産業株式会社 Nikkei Sangyo Co., Ltd.
    + 日本ゼオン株式会社 Zeon Corporation (Group)
        - 渋沢倉庫株式会社 Shibusawa Warehouse Company, Ltd.
    + Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Co.
    + Mizuho Bank
    + Sompo Japan Insurance

### Member companies which are in the Nikkei 225

## InfoBox

Furukawa Group
|
|  |
| Founder | Furukawa family |


title: Furukawa, Miyagi

abstract:
Furukawa was a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.
In 2003, the city had an estimated population of 73,980 and a population density of 551.51 persons per km⁲. The total area was 134.14 km⁲. The city was founded on December 15, 1950. On March 31, 2006, Furukawa, along with the towns of Iwadeyama and Naruko, the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi, and the town of Tajiri, to create the new city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.

text:
# Furukawa, Miyagi

**Furukawa** (古川市, *Furukawa-shi*) was a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. In 2003, the city had an estimated population of 73,980 and a population density of 551.51 persons per km2. The total area was 134.14 km2.

The city was founded on December 15, 1950.

On March 31, 2006, Furukawa, along with the towns of Iwadeyama and Naruko (both from Tamatsukuri District), the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi (all from Shida District), and the town of Tajiri (from Tōda District), to create the new city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.


title: Furukawa Electric

abstract: Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. is a Japanese electric and electronics equipment company.

text:
# Furukawa Electric

**Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.** (古河電気工業株式会社, *Furukawa Denkikōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha*) is a Japanese electric and electronics equipment company.

## History

The company traces its origins to Furukawa Ichibei who founded Nikko Copper Works, a copper-smelting facility at Yokohama in 1884, which became part of Furukuwa Kogyo. A new company; Furukuwa Denki Kogyo, was formed in 1920, when it merged its copper business with its own Yokohoma Wire Manufacturing Company, which it had acquired in 1908. So, the new company was able to combine its businesses of mining, refining, and making copper products, like wire and cable.

Furukawa was a Japanese businessman who founded one of the fifteen largest industrial conglomerates in Japan, called Furukawa zaibatsu, to which Furukawa Electric belongs to this day.

The company is listed on the Tokyo stock Exchange and is constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

Furukawa Electric aids CERN's experiments on the search for the Higgs boson with its superconducting magnet wires. The company's products also include superconductivity cables.

As of July 2013 the company has 137 subsidiaries and affiliate companies across Japan, Europe, North and South America.

## Business segments and products

## InfoBox

Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.
古河電気工業株式会社
|
|  |
| Company type | Public K.K. |
| Traded as | TYO: 5801
Nikkei 225 Component |
| Industry | Electrical equipment |
| Founded | Yokohama, Japan (1884 (1884)) |
| Founder | Furukawa Ichibei |
| Headquarters | Tokiwabashi Tower, 6-4, Otemachi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8322, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Mitsuyoshi Shibata
(Chairman)
Keiichi Kobayashi
(President) |
| Products |  |
| Revenue | $ 7.529 billion USD (FY 2017) (¥ 843.344 billion JPY) (FY 2017) |
| Net income | $ 1.136 billion USD (FY 2017) (¥ 115 billion JPY) (FY 2017) |
| Number of employees | * 2,050 (non-consolidated) * 50,867 (consolidated) (as of March 31, 2022) |
| Website | Official website |
| **Footnotes / references**
 | |


title: Mehmed Alagić

abstract: Mehmed Alagić was a Bosnian general in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Mehmed Alagić

**Mehmed Alagić** (8 July 1947 – 7 March 2003) was a Bosnian general in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Military career

Mehmed Alagić graduated from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) military academy in Banja Luka in 1970. Later he became the commander of the military academy. In 1986, he became commander of the 36th mechanised brigade and in 1989 commander of the Zrenjanin brigade as part of the Novi Sad Corps.

## Bosnian War

Alagić left the JNA in February 1991. On 13 December 1993 he served in the 17th Krajina Brigade of the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 8 March 1993 he became commander of the Operational Group (OG) Bosnian Krajina within the 3rd Corps. He became commander of the 3rd Corps on 1 November 1993.

## After the war

In March 1996, as a member of the SDA party, Alagić was elected for the mayor of Sanski Most municipality and a member of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Parliament.

In 2001 he was indicted for war crimes at the ICTY, but died before the trial commenced. Subsequent to his death, the case was terminated. His co-defendants were convicted and served jail time.

In December 2019, Sarajevo Canton initiated a process to name a major street in the city in General Alagić's honour.

## Military Ranks

### JNA

### Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

## InfoBox

| Mehmed Alagić | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-07-08)8 July 1947
Sanski Most, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Died | 7 March 2003(2003-03-07) (aged 55)
Sanski Most, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Allegiance | SFR Yugoslavia (1967–92)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–96) |
| Service/branch | Land forces |
| Years of service | 1970–96 |
| Rank | Brigadier general |
| Unit | Operational Group (OG) Bosnian Krajina, 3rd Corps, 7th Corps |
| Commands | Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Megascolia

abstract: Megascolia is a genus of large solitary pollinating insect from the family Scoliidae, the species classified under Megascolia include some of the world's largest insects. They are parasitoids of large Scarabeid beetles such as the European rhinoceros beetle Oryctes nasicornis and Atlas beetle Chalcosoma atlas.

text:
# Megascolia

***Megascolia*** is a genus of large solitary pollinating insect from the family Scoliidae, the species classified under *Megascolia* include some of the world's largest insects. They are parasitoids of large Scarabeid beetles such as the European rhinoceros beetle *Oryctes nasicornis* and Atlas beetle *Chalcosoma atlas*.

## Species

The following species are classified in the genus *Megascolia* which is further divided into two subgenera, *Megascolia* and *Regiscolia*:

### Subgenus *Megascolia*

### Subgenus *Regiscolia*

## InfoBox

| *Megascolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Megascolia bidens* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Scoliidae |
| Tribe: | Scoliini |
| Genus: | *Megascolia*
Betrem, 1928 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Megascolia procer*
(Illiger, 1802) | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Megaselia aurea

abstract: Megaselia aurea is a species of scuttle flies.

text:
# Megaselia aurea

***Megaselia aurea*** is a species of scuttle flies (insects in the family Phoridae).

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Megaselia aurea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Phoridae |
| Genus: | *Megaselia* |
| Species: | ***M. aurea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megaselia aurea***<br>(Aldrich, 1896) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phora aurea*  Aldrich, 1896 | |


title: Together (Jerry Lee Lewis album)

abstract: Together is a duet album by Jerry Lee Lewis and his sister Linda Gail Lewis. The album was released in 1969 on the Smash record label.

text:
# Together (Jerry Lee Lewis album)

***Together*** is a duet album by Jerry Lee Lewis and his sister Linda Gail Lewis. The album was released in 1969 on the Smash record label.

## Background

In the wake of his comeback success with the album *Another Place, Another Time* in 1968, Lewis renegotiated his record contract with Smash and secured a deal for his sister Linda Gail, who had been part of his road show for years.

Five years earlier, Sam Phillips had actually signed Linda Gail to Sun Records (largely to placate her brother) and cut several sides with her, even using their duet of the George Jones song "Seasons of My Heart" as the B-side of the Lewis single "Teenage Letter", but scrapped any further releases after Lewis left the label.

She eventually managed to release a couple of singles with ABC Paramount and Columbia but, as Colin Escott put it in the liner notes for the 1986 retrospective *The Killer: The Smash/Mercury Years*, Linda Gail's ambitions "unfortunately outstripped her talent."

## Contents

Jerry Lee and Linda Gail's rendition of "Don't Let Me Cross Over" was issued as single and rose to number 12 on the *Billboard* country singles chart. The album also includes several songs that had been hit duets for other artists, such as "Jackson" and "Milwaukee (Here I Come)". "Don't Take It Out on Me" was written by Linda Gail and Jerry Lee's guitarist Kenny Lovelace, and the same pair teamed up with Jerry Lee's manager Cecil Harrelson to compose "Secret Places". Linda would eventually marry and divorce both Lovelace and Harrelson.

The Lewis siblings also appeared together in the 1969 television special *The Many Sounds of Jerry Lee Lewis*.

## Track listing

1. "Milwaukee (Here I Come)" (Lee Fikes) - 1:55
2. "Jackson" (Billy Edd Wheeler, Jerry Leiber \[as Gaby Rodgers\]) - 2:21
3. "Don't Take It Out on Me" (Linda Gail Lewis, Kenny Lovelace) - 2:04
4. "Cryin' Time" (Buck Owens) - 2:38
5. "Sweet Thang" (Nat Stuckey) - 2:13
6. "Secret Places" (Cecil J. Harrelson, Linda Gail Lewis, Kenny Lovelace) - 2:46
7. "Don't Let Me Cross Over" (Penny Jay) - 2:56
8. "Gotta Travel On" (Paul Clayton, Larry Ehrlich, Lee Hays, Fred Hellerman, David Lazar, Pete Seeger) - 1:54
9. "We Live in Two Different Worlds" (Fred Rose) - 2:11
10. "Earth Up Above (Grand Ole Moon Up Above)" (Donald Murray) - 1:58
11. "Roll Over Beethoven" (Chuck Berry) - 1:56

## InfoBox

| Together | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jerry Lee Lewis and Linda Gail Lewis | |
| Released | 1969 |
| Recorded | Columbia Studios, Nashville, Tennessee |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Smash |
| Producer | Jerry Kennedy |
| Jerry Lee Lewis chronology | |
| *Sings the Country Music Hall of Fame Hits, Vol. 2*
(1969) ***Together***
(1969) *Original Golden Hits, Vol. 1*
(1969) | |


title: Todd Burns

abstract: Todd Edward Burns is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher from 1988 to 1993, most notably as a member of the Oakland Athletics team that won three consecutive American League pennants and a World Series championship in 1989. He also played for the Texas Rangers and the St. Louis Cardinals.

text:
# Todd Burns

**Todd Edward Burns** (born July 6, 1963) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher from 1988 to 1993, most notably as a member of the Oakland Athletics team that won three consecutive American League pennants and a World Series championship in 1989. He also played for the Texas Rangers and the St. Louis Cardinals.

## Baseball career

Burns was born in Maywood, California. He attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, earning first-team All-America honors before being drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the 7th round of the 1984 MLB draft. He played for the A's from 1988 to 1991, and would also play for the Texas Rangers (1992–1993), and St. Louis Cardinals (1993). He was nicknamed "**The Mad Hatter**" because of his habit of frantically tugging at the bill of his cap and re-adjusting it prior to every pitch as well as "Third Degree" for his penchant of giving up runs near the end of his career.

Burns made his MLB debut on May 31, 1988, and during that season was a reliably effective starter at the back end of the A's rotation. He compiled an 8–2 record over 14 starts and three relief appearances as the A's won the AL pennant but then lost the World Series to the Los Angeles Dodgers. Burns switched to an almost exclusively relief role in following seasons. He helped the A's win two more pennants in 1989 and 1990, and a World Series in 1989, when the A's swept their cross-bay rivals, the San Francisco Giants. He left the A's following the 1991 season to sign with the Texas Rangers, then finished his career on September 17, 1993, with the St. Louis Cardinals. Burns posted a regular season won-loss record of 21–23 with a 3.47 earned run average and 13 saves in 203 games pitched. In 3 postseason series, Burns compiled a 0–0 won-loss record with a 7.36 earned run average. Burns pitched well in the 1988 and 1989 playoffs; much of this high ERA came from Game 1 of the 1990 World Series versus the Reds.

Burns now runs the **Todd Burns School of Baseball** in Huntsville, Alabama.

## InfoBox

| Todd Burns | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1963-07-06) July 6, 1963<br>Maywood, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| May 31, 1988, for the Oakland Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 17, 1993, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 21–23 |
| Earned run average | 3.47 |
| Strikeouts | 252 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| Medals      Baseball  Representing the  United States  Pan American Games  1983 Caracas  Team | |


title: Titanostrombus

abstract: Titanostrombus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Strombidae, the true conchs.

text:
# Titanostrombus

***Titanostrombus*** is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Strombidae, the true conchs.

## Species

Species within the genus *Titanostrombus* include:

## InfoBox

| *Titanostrombus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apertural view of a shell of *Titanostrombus galeatus* from a museum collection | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Stromboidea |
| Family: | Strombidae |
| Genus: | *Titanostrombus*
Petuch, 1994 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Strombus galeatus*
Swainson, 1823 | |


title: Timothy Turner

abstract: Sir Timothy Turner SL JP was an English judge. Turner was the eldest son of the Shropshire barrister Thomas Turner. He was a member of Staple Inn and then joined Gray's Inn on 8 March 1607, being called to the bar on 30 October 1611. In the contemporary debates between Sir Edward Coke and Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Turner's notebooks reveal him to have felt a strong reaction against Ellesmere's claims for the royal prerogative as "transcendent to the common law". His initial practice was centered on Ludlow, the legal center of Wales and the Marches, but he was of little note officially until 1626, when he became a justice of the peace for Shropshire, through the influence either of Sir Thomas Coventry, or Ellesmere's son and heir the Earl of Bridgewater. A commissioner in Shropshire for the forced loan of 1626, Turner was subsequently king's solicitor before the Council of the Marches from 1627 to 1637, and a master in chancery extraordinary from 1630. He became a bencher of Gray's Inn in 1632. His first judicial appointment came in 1634, when he was made puisne judge for the North Wales circuit, and in 1637, became chief justice of South Wales. He became recorder of Shrewsbury in 1638. In 1642, it was reported to the House of Commons that Turner and the mayor of Shrewsbury had placed a declaration before the grand jury which declared the Commissions of Array legitimate and included a promise to defend the King as well as the laws and privileges of Parliament. While Turner later claimed that he had been forced to take this position due to the strength of the Royalist party in Shropshire — and several members of his household, including his son, joined the Parliamentary cause — he was stripped of his offices by the end of 1645 and forced to compound with Parliament. During the Interregnum, Turner reflected in 1658 that the conflict between Coke and Ellesmere "overthrew all at Last and brought the whole nation...into that slavery". However, upon the Restoration, Turner's passivity during the Interregnum was rewarded. He was made Chief Justice of Chester in 1660, restored to the recordership of Shrewsbury from 1660 until 1670, and a serjeant-at-law in 1669. He was knighted in 1670, and died in January 1677 aged 91.

text:
# Timothy Turner

**Sir Timothy Turner** SL JP (11 July 1585 – January 1677) was an English judge.

Turner was the eldest son of the Shropshire barrister Thomas Turner. He was a member of Staple Inn and then joined Gray's Inn on 8 March 1607, being called to the bar on 30 October 1611. In the contemporary debates between Sir Edward Coke and Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Turner's notebooks reveal him to have felt a strong reaction against Ellesmere's claims for the royal prerogative as "transcendent to the common law".

His initial practice was centered on Ludlow, the legal center of Wales and the Marches, but he was of little note officially until 1626, when he became a justice of the peace for Shropshire, through the influence either of Sir Thomas Coventry, or Ellesmere's son and heir the Earl of Bridgewater. (Turner's second wife was the widow of Bridgewater's late solicitor.)

A commissioner in Shropshire for the forced loan of 1626, Turner was subsequently king's solicitor before the Council of the Marches from 1627 to 1637, and a master in chancery extraordinary from 1630. He became a bencher of Gray's Inn in 1632. His first judicial appointment came in 1634, when he was made puisne judge for the North Wales circuit, and in 1637, became chief justice of South Wales. He became recorder of Shrewsbury in 1638.

In 1642, it was reported to the House of Commons that Turner and the mayor of Shrewsbury had placed a declaration before the grand jury which declared the Commissions of Array legitimate and included a promise to defend the King as well as the laws and privileges of Parliament. While Turner later claimed that he had been forced to take this position due to the strength of the Royalist party in Shropshire — and several members of his household, including his son, joined the Parliamentary cause — he was stripped of his offices by the end of 1645 and forced to compound with Parliament.

During the Interregnum, Turner reflected in 1658 that the conflict between Coke and Ellesmere "overthrew all at Last and brought the whole nation...into that slavery". However, upon the Restoration, Turner's passivity during the Interregnum was rewarded. He was made Chief Justice of Chester in 1660, restored to the recordership of Shrewsbury from 1660 until 1670, and a serjeant-at-law in 1669. He was knighted in 1670, and died in January 1677 aged 91.

* Brooks, Christopher W (September 2004). "Turner, Sir Timothy (1585–1677)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 May 2007.


title: Swedish Doctors for Human Rights

abstract: Swedish Doctors for Human Rights (SWEDHR) is a Sweden-based non-governmental organization (NGO) that previously researched and published opinion pieces on international affairs, and campaigned in support of doctors and anti-war activists persecuted or imprisoned on issues of civil liberties and freedom of expression. SWEDHR claimed to shed light on "health issues of war crimes & Human Rights abuses worldwide",[1] and it acknowledged to be an “alternative NGO” with regard to mainstream organizations. Ensuing, the views presented in its publications tended to differ from, or contradicted, those of Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International Sweden and other organizations. Up to mainly 2019, SWEDHR's primary focus has been the Julian Assange international case. During 2020 and onwards, the focus of the organization has been solely on issues around the Covid-19 pandemic.

text:
# Swedish Doctors for Human Rights

**Swedish Doctors for Human Rights** (**SWEDHR**) is a Sweden-based non-governmental organization (NGO) that previously researched and published opinion pieces on international affairs, and campaigned in support of doctors and anti-war activists persecuted or imprisoned on issues of civil liberties and freedom of expression. SWEDHR claimed to shed light on "health issues of war crimes & Human Rights abuses worldwide",\[1\] and it acknowledged to be an “alternative NGO” with regard to mainstream organizations. Ensuing, the views presented in its publications tended to differ from, or contradicted, those of Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International Sweden and other organizations. Up to mainly 2019, SWEDHR's primary focus has been the Julian Assange international case. During 2020 and onwards, the focus of the organization has been solely on issues around the Covid-19 pandemic.

## Organization

Swedish Doctors for Human Rights was founded in September 2014 by Marcello Ferrada de Noli, a Swedish professor emeritus. Ferrada de Noli and two other members of the foundation board, Professor Anders Romelsjö and pediatrician doctor Leif Elinder were active in the mainstream media debate of Sweden since before the foundation of SWEDHR. The majority of the organization’s members being medical doctors, but it also included professors and doctors from diverse medical-related disciplines. The organization published a magazine online called The Indicter, which became independent from Swedhr in 2017. The organization ended its activities in January 2020. It explained that after Sweden dropped the legal case against Assange in 2019, and the international focus on the case moved from Sweden to the UK following the extradition requested by the US, Swedhr began to participate in activities of a new international group of doctors called *Doctors For Assange*, based in London. In December 2019, *Doctors For Assange* thanked Swedhr “for taking us to over 100 signatories”. As to February 2020, the new group reached “nearly 200 medical professionals”, according to The Washington Times. In September 2020, SWEDHR announced to reassume activities solely focused on issues derived of the implementation of international strategies in combating the Covid-19 pandemic.

## Positions taken by SWEDHR

The organization’s main concern in 2015-2019 has been the Julian Assange case, which Swedish Dagens Nyheter has named first among SWEDHR issues. It participated in appeals to the Swedish authorities and other governments and to international organizations, addressing human rights and health issues. In 2015, it argued that the prolonged use by Sweden of the European Arrest Warrant on Assange issued in 2010, without a decision of taking the case to court in a reasonable time, would infringe the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, matter later established by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. In 2016 it advocated for asylum to Edward Snowden in the EU.

It also reported on human rights situations in Chile, issues of torture accountability, and investigated civilian casualties of drone attacks in Afghanistan and Yemen. In March 2017, SWEDHR published results of an investigation of two videos the organization Syrian Civil Defense uploaded 2015, showing medical rescue interventions during the Sarmin chemical attack. SWEDHR deemed the procedures as “anti-medical and not-saving”, and presented the findings at a conference of the Club Suisse de la Presse. The Syrian ambassador to the UN made use of the SWEDHR allegations at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in April 2017. Later that year, SWEDHR questioned the OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism report on the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack, claiming that the report “proven inaccurate, politically biased”. The SWEDHR assessment was annexed as official document of the UNSC after proposal by the Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations, Vasily Nebenzya. In 2019, SWEDHR endorsed a complain to the permanent representatives of States parties at the OPCW, on alleged misreporting in the OPCW investigation of the gas attack in Douma, Syria, 2018.

During 2015-2018, SWEDHR advocated against alleged human rights abuses on Swedish cardiologist Fikru Maru, held in custody in Ethiopia until 2018. It also denounced aerial attacks against hospitals run by Médecins Sans Frontières in Afghanistan. The organization has criticized Sweden’s arms sales to the Saudi-led coalition in the Yemeni Civil War. In 2019, it opposed the Swedish government’s decision of not signing the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, and endorsed “Letter in Defence of World Peace”, protesting US notices of abandoning the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty INFT. In 2015, SWEDHR commented on opinions made by the Swedish Minister of Defense Peter Hultqvist. The minister had stated that “bilateral cooperation with the US is important and it should deepen”, SWEDHR argued “(Minister Hultqvist) had not shown that a deepening of the Sweden-USA cooperation would be better than to instead deepening our neutrality stance.”

Swedhr positions regarding the Covid-19 pandemic have in the main included criticism of what the oprganization has viewed as a discriminatory health-treatment of the elderly population in Sweden, opposing to strategies they say were striving to rapid "herd immunity", and advocating for stricter restrictions, and favoring widespread vaccination.

## Criticism

In 2017-2018, several European mainstream media (MSM) pointed out the frequency Swedhr was interviewed in Russian media, and also criticised the use that Russian authorities and media made of SWEDHR investigations and statements. SWEDHR published its respective rebuttals in The Indicter, arguing the MSM criticism did not address the arguments or results of their investigations, but focused in the issue of the several interviews in Russian media in the period. In a statement in the journal of the Swedish Medical Association, Swedhr declared the organization is “absolutely independent” and “we retain the right to freely express opinions on war crimes, violations of human rights and governmental intervention in private life and civil liberties”. In an interview by Swedish newspaper DN 2 April 2018, the Swedhr chairman replied "I stand for what I've said to those channels. These are the same things I would have said to Dagens Nyheter or Svenska Dagbladet".

In April 2017, the results of the Swedhr investigation on the 2015 White Helmets rescuing videos in Sarmin were broadly reported. Some accounts said Swedhr had accused White Helmets of “killing children for fake videos”, which was immediately denied by the organization. Arab News reported 17 April 2017: “The news was based on reports falsely attributed to Swedish doctors. The irony is that this fake news that has continued to spread, even after the Swedish organization attributed and linked to the report refuted it. In a published statement confirming that it analyzed some videos published the White Helmets, SWEDHR did not accuse them of killing children.”

The online publication Coda Story contested the Swedhr investigation on the White Helmets video, and said that a group of doctors “agreed that the individuals in the (White Helmets) video did not appear to be carrying out a resuscitation attempt according to accepted guidelines. All of them however, said it would be impossible to conclude from the brief video that the scene was staged.” In its rebuttal, Swedhr pointed out that only one of the doctors in the group of five referred in the Coda Story article was identified. It also challenged Coda Story to organize an open international panel of medical experts to assess the Swedhr conclusions.

## InfoBox

Swedish Doctors for Human Rights
|
|  |
| Founded | Sept 2014 |
| Founder | Marcello Ferrada de Noli |
| Location |  |
| Key people | Marcello Ferrada de Noli (Chairman)
Anders Romelsjö (Vice chairman)
Marita Troye-Blomberg
Alberto Gutierrez
Leif Elinder
Ove B. Johansson
Lena Oske

Armando Popa |
| Website | SWEDHR |


title: Felimare fontandraui

abstract: Felimare fontandraui is a species of colourful dorid nudibranch, a type of sea slug, in the family Chromodorididae.

text:
# Felimare fontandraui

***Felimare fontandraui*** is a species of colourful dorid nudibranch, a type of sea slug, in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This nudibranch is known from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Western Mediterranean.

## Description

*Felimare fontandraui* typically has a blue to purple body with yellow lines running down its sides and a single yellow-cream line on its upper dorsum. The upper dorsum is also often marked with light blue streaks near the mantle edge. Its mantle is edged in orange and it has black-purple gills and rhinophores. There is considerable colour variation within this species.

This species can reach a total length of at least 30 mm and has been observed feeding on yellow sponges from the genus *Dysidea*.

## InfoBox

| *Felimare fontandraui* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Family: | Chromodorididae |
| Genus: | *Felimare* |
| Species: | ***F. fontandraui*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Felimare fontandraui***<br>(Pruvot-Fol, 1951) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Glossodoris fontandraui* Pruvot-Fol, 1951 (original combination) * *Hypselodoris fontandraui* (Pruvot-Fol, 1951) | |


title: Ghettoville

abstract: Ghettoville is the fourth studio album by British electronic musician Actress. It was released on 27 January 2014 by Werkdiscs and Ninja Tune.

text:
# Ghettoville

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 72/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Clash* | 8/10 |
| *Consequence of Sound* | C+ |
| *Drowned in Sound* | 9/10 |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *The Irish Times* |  |
| *The Observer* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 6.7/10 |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |
| *Spin* | 8/10 |

***Ghettoville*** is the fourth studio album by British electronic musician Actress. It was released on 27 January 2014 by Werkdiscs and Ninja Tune.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Forgiven" | 7:22 |
| 2. | "Street Corp." | 5:32 |
| 3. | "Corner" | 4:21 |
| 4. | "Rims" | 5:51 |
| 5. | "Contagious" | 4:44 |
| 6. | "Birdcage" | 2:34 |
| 7. | "Our" | 2:32 |
| 8. | "Time" | 6:03 |
| 9. | "Towers" | 3:27 |
| 10. | "Gaze" | 5:03 |
| 11. | "Skyline" | 5:52 |
| 12. | "Image" | 2:29 |
| 13. | "Don't" | 1:16 |
| 14. | "Rap" | 2:39 |
| 15. | "Frontline" | 5:47 |
| 16. | "Rule" | 3:41 |
| 17. | "Grey Over Blue" (Japanese edition bonus track) | 7:52 |
| Total length: | | 77:20 |

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top Dance/Electronic Albums (*Billboard*) | 20 |
|

## InfoBox

| Ghettoville | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Actress | |
| Released | 27 January 2014 (2014-01-27) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 69:13 |
| Label | Werk Discs, Ninja Tune |
| Actress chronology | |
| *R.I.P.*
(2012) ***Ghettoville***
(2014) *AZD*
(2017) | |


title: Francisco D'Andrade

abstract: Francisco Augusto D'Andrade, or De Andrade, was a Portuguese baritone who sang leading roles in opera houses throughout Europe, including five years as the principal baritone at the Royal Italian Opera in London and thirteen years at the Berlin Hofoper. Considered a "very elegant and cultured singer," he was particularly admired for his portrayal of the title role in Mozart's Don Giovanni. In his native city of Lisbon, D'Andrade created the role of Adaour in the 1888 world premiere of Alfredo Keil's Donna Bianca, appearing with his elder brother, the tenor António D'Andrade.

text:
# Francisco D'Andrade

**Francisco Augusto D'Andrade**, or **De Andrade**, (11 January 1856 – 8 February 1921) was a Portuguese baritone who sang leading roles in opera houses throughout Europe, including five years as the principal baritone at the Royal Italian Opera in London and thirteen years at the Berlin Hofoper. Considered a "very elegant and cultured singer," he was particularly admired for his portrayal of the title role in Mozart's *Don Giovanni*. In his native city of Lisbon, D'Andrade created the role of Adaour in the 1888 world premiere of Alfredo Keil's *Donna Bianca*, appearing with his elder brother, the tenor António D'Andrade.

## Life and career

D'Andrade was born in Lisbon. His father was a prominent jurist there, and he initially trained as a lawyer. However, like his older brother António, D'Andrade also had a keen interest in opera and theatre. Both frequently attended performances in the Teatro do Ginásio and participated in amateur productions with the Sociedade Taborda. He studied the basics of acting and music with Manuel Carreira and Arturo Pontecchi, the principal conductor of the Teatro São Carlos, and gave his first public recital in 1879 at the Salão da Trindade in Lisbon. In the spring of 1881, he left for Milan to continue his musical training, first with the tenor Corrado Miraglia, and after Miraglia's death later that year with the baritone Sebastiano Ronconi.

D'Andrade made his operatic debut on 23 December 1882 at the Teatro Principe Amedeo in Sanremo as Amonasro in Verdi's *Aida*. Over the next four years he sang in the opera houses of Portugal, Spain and Italy, including the Teatro Costanzi in Rome, where he sang Count de Luna in Verdi's *Il trovatore* and Severo in the theatre's first performance of Donizetti's *Poliuto*. Both he and his brother were engaged as singers at the Théâtre Privé d'Opéra in Moscow for the 1885/86 season. They would appear together again in several other productions, most notably the 1888 world premiere of Alfredo Keil's *Donna Bianca* at the Teatro São Carlos with Francisco as Adaour and António as Aben-Afan.

D'Andrade began a five-year association with the Royal Italian Opera in London in 1886. During that time he sang a wide range of leading baritone roles with the company including Renato (*Ballo in maschera*), Figaro (*Il barbiere di Siviglia*), Escamillo (*Carmen*), Giorgio Germont (*La traviata*), Enrico Ashton (*Lucia di Lammermoor*), Telramund (*Lohengrin*), and the title roles in *Rigoletto* and *Don Giovanni*. Throughout his career he was widely admired for his portrayal of Don Giovanni and also sang it at the Salzburg Festival in 1901.

Although he continued to tour Europe as a guest singer and recitalist, D'Andrade spent his later career primarily based in Germany, where in 1894, he received the Grand Gold Medal of Arts and Sciences from William II of Württemberg. He had a villa in Bad Harzburg which became an unofficial centre of Portuguese culture in Germany and sang regularly with the Frankfurt Opera from 1891 to 1910 as well as several other major German opera houses. He had first sung with the Berlin Hofoper in 1889 and became an official member of the company in 1906 remaining a member until his retirement.

D'Andrade moved back to Lisbon during World War I, but returned to Germany and the Hofoper after the war ended in 1918. He retired from the stage in 1919 and died in Berlin two years later at the age of 65. His body was taken back to Lisbon, where he was buried in the family tomb. He was survived by his wife, the Austrian pianist and singer Irma Noethig, whom he had married in 1900, and their son Francisco António Luís de Andrade. His widow later returned to Vienna, where she died in 1937.

## Portraits by Max Slevogt

A portrait of D'Andrade as Don Giovanni painted by Max Slevogt in 1912 hangs in the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin. Also known as *Der rote D'Andrade* ("The Red D'Andrade"), it depicts the graveyard scene in act 2 of the opera where Don Giovanni taunts the statue of the dead Commendatore and invites him to dinner. It was the last of three large scale oil portraits which Slevoght had painted of D'Andrade in different aspects of the role. The first of these, *Der weiße D'Andrade* ("The White D'Andrade") painted in 1902, depicts D'Andrade singing the "Champagne Aria" from act 1. It was an immediate success at the 1902 Berlin Secession Exhibition and marked Slevogt as a major exponent of German Impressionism. *Der schwarze D'Andrade* ("The Black D'Andrade") painted in 1903 depicts the final scene of the opera where the white marble hand of the Commendatore summons Don Giovanni to hell.

The young Max Slevogt first encountered D'Andrade in 1894 when he was captivated by his triumphant performance as Don Giovanni in Munich. It was the beginning of Slevogt's fascination with Mozart and particularly *Don Giovanni*. It was also the beginning of a friendship with D'Andrade that would last until the singer's death. When D'Andrade died suddenly in 1921, Slevogt rushed to his house to paint him one last time, but was so overcome by the sight of his dead friend that he was unable do so. Only later did he create a sketch of the coffin from memory entitled *Grablegung Don Giovannis* ("The burial of Don Giovanni").

## Recordings

D'Andrade made several recordings for the Lyrophon label in 1906, including the "Champagne Aria" from *Don Giovanni* which was later reissued on 78rpm by Parlophon and also included in Volume 1 of *The Record of Singing*. Five of the 1906 recordings were also released by the Symposium label in 2006 on the CD *Major Vocal Rarities*: "The Champagne Aria ("Finch' han dal vino") from *Don Giovanni*; "Largo al factotum" from *Il barbiere di Siviglia*; "Sois immobile" from *Guillaume Tell*; "O, du mein holder Abendstern" from *Tannhäuser*; and "Vien Leonora" from *La favorita*.

1. Forbes, Elizabeth (2008). "D'Andrade (De Andrade), Francisco in Laura Williams Macy (ed). *The Grove Book of Opera Singers*, p. 109. Oxford University Press
2. Bispo, A. A. (February 2007). "Francisco de Andrade (1856–1921): Colóquio interdisciplinar pelos 150 anos de nascimento de Francisco de Andrade". *Revista Brasil-Europa*, Issue 106. Retrieved 10 January 2014 (in Portuguese)
3. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005)."Performances by D'Andrade". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
4. Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (Venezia). Library record: Document VEA1198767T. Retrieved 11 January 2014 (in Italian).
5. Wesenberg, Angelika. "Description: *Der Sänger Francisco d'Andrade als Don Giovanni in Mozarts Oper*. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Retrieved 11 January 2014 (in German).
6. Becker, Christoph. Max Slevogt (1868–1932): *Das Champagnerlied (Der Weiße d'Andrade)* Archived 2015-01-11 at the Wayback Machine. Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. Retrieved 11 January 2014 (in German).
7. C.A.B.-Artis (20 February 2014). "Landesmuseum Mainz: Slevogts prickelndes Champagnerlied". *Brikada – Magazin für Frauen*. Retrieved 11 January 2014 (in German).
8. Fehlemann, Sabine; Hartje, Nicole (2005). *Max Slevogt, die Berliner Jahre*, p. 160. Wienand
9. Kutsch, Karl-Josef and Riemens, Leo (2003). "D'Andrade, Francisco". *Großes Sängerlexikon*, Vol. 4, pp. 1001–1002. Walter de Gruyter (in German)
10. OCLC 3967289
11. Brenesal, Barry (May 2007). "Review: *Major Vocal Rarities*". *Fanfare Magazine*. Retrieved via HighBeam Research 12 January 2014. See also OCLC 310780751 for the CD edition.

## InfoBox

| Francisco D'Andrade | |
| --- | --- |
| D'Andrade in 1890 as Don Giovanni, his signature role | |
| Born | Francisco Augusto D'Andrade e Silva
(1856-01-11)11 January 1856
Lisbon, Portugal |
| Died | 8 February 1921(1921-02-08) (aged 65)
Berlin, Germany |
| Known for | Opera singer (baritone) |