abstract: The American Security and Trust Company Building is a Neoclassical bank office in Washington, D.C., designed by the architectural firm of York and Sawyer. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

text:
# American Security and Trust Company Building

The **American Security and Trust Company Building** is a Neoclassical bank office in Washington, D.C., designed by the architectural firm of York and Sawyer. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

## Design

The building's neoclassical exterior closely matches that of the Riggs National Bank building next door, also designed by York and Sawyer and completed in 1902, so they are sometimes considered a single building. The east facade of the building presents a multiple bay arrangement with two plain bays flanking a hexastyle portico of six Ionic columns and entablature, while the narrower and plainer south face has a single bay with two plain Doric pilasters flanking the entrance in a shallow recess. The parapet conceals three skylights. Although the exterior has two rows of windows, the interior is a single floor, also decorated in the neoclassical style; it was remodeled in 19311932 but retained essentially the same form except for the removal of a pair of balconies and new openings into the adjoining annex which was constructed at the same time to the north. A basement floor formerly contained vaults, but with the construction of the annex, these were moved to the adjoining building. The building exterior is constructed of granite ashlars with deep horizontal joints at the corners, creating a striped effect; the interior is largely faced in various marbles.

## History

American Security Bank was founded in 1889 in Alexandria, Virginia, as a banking and trust concern, operating a branch in the District of Columbia at 1419 G Street, NW; the following year it reincorporated in the District and moved to 1405 G Street. Its president was Charles James Bell (Dublin, April 12, 1858 – October 1, 1929), nephew of Alexander Graham Bell. It was the second trust company established in the District and the first to offer a women's department. By 1903, the business had grown so that a new location was sought again. The present location (a block from Lafayette Square and part of the Lafayette Square Historic District) was selected, and construction began in 1904. The design was praised in the banking press and featured in *The American Architect and Building News* in 1905.

The building now houses a branch of Bank of America as a result of the latter's merger with NationsBank, which purchased MNC Financial in 1993. MNC had purchased American Security Bank in 1987 but continued to operate it under the original name.

Due to its location immediately north of the Treasury Building, the building appeared on the back of the ten dollar bill for many years, a fact American Security took advantage of in its advertising with the slogan, "Right on the money".

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| American Security and Trust Company | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| D.C. Inventory of Historic Sites | |
|  | |
| American Security and Trust Company Building in 2005 | |
|  | |
| Location | 1501 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′56.5″N 77°2′2.1″W / 38.899028°N 77.033917°W / 38.899028; -77.033917 |
| Area | 6,989 square feet (649 m2) |
| Built | 19041905 |
| Architect | York and Sawyer |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| NRHP reference No. | 73002070 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 16, 1973 |
| Designated DCIHS | November 8, 1964 |


title: Trigonodes cephise

abstract: Trigonodes cephise is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1779. It is found from the Indo-Australian tropics to northern Australia, the Caroline Islands, Samoa and New Caledonia, Nias and other islands on the south-west of Sumatra. The larvae feed on Vigna species, including Vigna marina.

text:
# Trigonodes cephise

***Trigonodes cephise*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1779. It is found from the Indo-Australian tropics to northern Australia, the Caroline Islands, Samoa and New Caledonia, Nias and other islands on the south-west of Sumatra.

The larvae feed on *Vigna* species, including *Vigna marina*.

## Subspecies

* *Trigonodes cephise cephise*
* *Trigonodes cephise saina* (Nias and other islands on the south-west of Sumatra)

## InfoBox

| *Trigonodes cephise* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gunung Gading NP, Sarawak, MALAYSIA | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae (?) |
| Genus: | *Trigonodes* |
| Species: | ***T. cephise*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trigonodes cephise***<br>(Cramer, \[1779\]) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Noctua cephise* (Cramer, \[1779\]) * *Trigonodes maxima* Guenée, 1852 * *Chalciope cephise* ab. *cephisoides* Strand, 1917 * *Chalciope saina* Swinhoe, 1918 * *Trigonodes saina* (Swinhoe, 1918) * *Chalciope cephise cephisiodes* Gaede, 1938 | |


title: Gərsavan

abstract: Gərsavan is a village in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Kürəkçi.

text:
# Gərsavan

38°52′N 48°09′E / 38.867°N 48.150°E / 38.867; 48.150

**Gərsavan** (also, **Gyarsavan**) is a village in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Kürəkçi.

## InfoBox

| Gərsavan | |
| --- | --- |
| Gərsavan | |
| Coordinates: 38°52′N 48°09′E / 38.867°N 48.150°E / 38.867; 48.150 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Yardymli |
| Municipality | Kürəkçi |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Hotel America (Hartford, Connecticut)

abstract: The Hotel America is a historic former hotel building at 5 Constitution Ave. on Constitution Plaza in Hartford, Connecticut. Built in 1964, it is believed to be the first building erected in the state as part of an urban redevelopment project, and is an important local early example of Modern architecture. Now the Spectra Boutique Apartments, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

text:
# Hotel America (Hartford, Connecticut)

The **Hotel America** is a historic former hotel building at 5 Constitution Ave. on Constitution Plaza in Hartford, Connecticut. Built in 1964, it is believed to be the first building erected in the state as part of an urban redevelopment project, and is an important local early example of Modern architecture. Now the **Spectra Boutique Apartments**, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

## Description and history

The former Hotel America building marks the eastern end of Constitution Plaza, a major 1960s development on the east side of Hartford's downtown. It is a twelve-story structure, built out of steel, concrete, and glass. Its main axis is oriented north–south, with the building passing over Kinsey Street on large steel I-beam trusses.

The Hartford Redevelopment Agency was founded in 1950, and Constitution Plaza was its first major project, designed to revitalize an urban slum area on Hartford's east side. The Hotel America building was designed by Curtis & Davis, a firm noted for its Modernist architecture, and was completed in 1964. The trusses carrying the building over Kinsey Street were the largest made to date in the state. The hotel's branding changed several times over the years, named as a Sonesta, and in its later years, as a Clarion Hotel. The vacant building was acquired by developers in 2011 and converted into luxury apartments.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hotel America | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 5 Constitution Ave., Hartford, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°46′0″N 72°40′11″W / 41.76667°N 72.66972°W / 41.76667; -72.66972 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1964 (1964) |
| Architect | Curtis & Davis |
| Architectural style | Mid-Century Modern |
| NRHP reference No. | 12000359 |
| Added to NRHP | September 7, 2012 |


title: Penstemon pallidus

abstract: Penstemon pallidus, the pale beardtongue, is a flower native to the eastern United States. It has been introduced to Canada.

text:
# Penstemon pallidus

***Penstemon pallidus***, the **pale beardtongue**, is a flower native to the eastern United States. It has been introduced to Canada.

## InfoBox

| *Penstemon pallidus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | *Penstemon* |
| Species: | ***P. pallidus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Penstemon pallidus***
Small | |
|


title: Noel L. Clarke

abstract: Noel Leicester Clarke was a doctor, member of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements and leader of the Eurasian community of Singapore. He served as the president of both the Eurasian Association and the Singapore Recreation Club.

text:
# Noel L. Clarke

**Noel Leicester Clarke** (1 June 1885 – 1 March 1960) was a doctor, member of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements and leader of the Eurasian community of Singapore. He served as the president of both the Eurasian Association and the Singapore Recreation Club.

## Early life and education

Clarke was born the fifth son of Francis Clarke on 1 June 1885. He studied at the Raffles Institution in Singapore before winning the Queen's Scholarship in 1904. He then left for England and began studying at Christ's College, Cambridge and later at the Royal London Hospital.

## Career

After returning from England, Clarke began practising in Singapore. He served as a member of the Municipal Commission of Singapore from 1921 to 1926. In 1922, he became a committee member of the Straits Settlements Association. From 1922 to 1923, he served as a representative on the Malaya branch of the British Medical Association. In 1925, he served on the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Medical Council. He became the council's vice-president in 1928. In 1927, he served on the King Edward VII College of Medicine Council.

In February 1927, he was appointed the Eurasian representative of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements, replacing John Edwin Tessensohn, who died in September 1926 and was the first Eurasian representative to the council. He served three terms on the council and was replaced by Major Hugh Ransome Stanley Zehnder in 1936 as his term expired in April of that year. He advocated for the abolishment of the Colour Bar, the restoration of the Queen's Scholarship and self-government. In November 1935, he was appointed a member of the Education Board in place of Claude Henry da Silva, who had resigned from the board. Clarke served for several years as the president of the Eurasian Association and the Singapore Recreation Club, which were prominent organisations in the local Eurasian community. He and Major Zehnder formed the Eurasian Company of the Singapore Volunteer Corps.

Clarke was the president of the Old Rafflesians' Association. He was a member of the Social Hygiene Advisory Board, the Volunteer Advisory Committee and the Midwives Board and was a justice of the peace. He was also a prominent cricketer and a patron of the Girls' Sports Club.

## Personal life and death

Clarke married Maud Alice Daly, the president of the Girls' Sports Club, with whom he had two daughters and one son, cricketer Bertram N. D. Clarke. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Singapore and lawyer Sir George Oehlers was a nephew of his. Following Bertram's death in 1940, Clarke retired to England. He died at Guy's Hospital in London on 1 March 1960.


title: Newgate, Bristol

abstract: Newgate in Bristol was one of the four main gates of the medieval town, demolished 1766. The name was also used to refer to the associated 'Newgate Gaol', demolished 1820. Newgate is still used as the name for the road that once ran through the gate.

text:
# Newgate, Bristol

**Newgate** in Bristol was one of the four main gates of the medieval town, demolished 1766. The name was also used to refer to the associated 'Newgate Gaol', demolished 1820. Newgate is still used as the name for the road that once ran through the gate.

## Medieval Origins

The earliest reference to Newgate (Novam Portam) is from the early 13th century. When Bristol was made a county in 1373, the 'gate of the same town called Neweyate' was mentioned in the perambulation that defined its boundaries. 'Neweyate' is also mentioned in an undated 14th century town ordinance intended to stop pigs wandering the streets.

In William Worcester's topographical survey of Bristol in 1480 he suggests that the Newgate was a replacement for an old gate that had now been thrown down. He reported that there was 'an extremely deep vault or strong cellar under the gate \[of\] Newgate'. This was presumably what was described later as 'the pit': an underground dungeon used primarily for condemned prisoners.

Newgate served as the town gaol for felons from at least the fifteenth century. It was where suspects were imprisoned prior to trial at the Guildhall and it was where those convicted of capital offences were imprisoned again prior to execution on the town gallows by Bewell's Cross on St Michael's Hill. The prison included buildings north of the gateway.

In 1461, one of Bristol's former customs officers, John Heysaunt, was charged with plotting the death of Edward IV, who had seized the throne the previous year. Heysaunt was convicted of treason, hanged and beheaded at St Michael's Hill. His head was then 'placed on Bristol’s Newgate, in full view of those travelling to and from the town, to strike terror into the hearts of all those delinquents tempted to resist the new king'. Newgate is depicted on Robert Ricart's 1478 map of the town, labeled 'Porta Nova'.

## Early Modern period

In 1517 a scandal arose in Bristol when it was discovered that money customarily donated for the relief of the prisoners at Newgate was being embezzled by the jailers. To ensure the prisoners were provided for, the mayor 'purchased a maintenance' (an endowment) to provide them with victuals, firewood and straw. Yet the gaol itself continued to be run as a semi-private enterprise. In 1519, Newgate gaol was 'farmed' (leased as a business) by the Corporation to the 'Gaolor of Newgate' for £13 6s. 8d. per year.

When the antiquary John Leland visited Bristol c.1540 he noted that 'Newgate (as me thinketh) is in the outer wall by the castle, and a chapel over it. It is the prison of the city.'

In the 16th century, Newgate Gaol included a den styled 'Little Ease' as a punishment cell. Prisoners were sometimes released on mass by the monarch as an act of clemency. For example, nine condemned prisoners were released during Elizabeth I's visit to Bristol in 1574.

Between the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 and 1687 large numbers of religious dissenters, including Quakers, Baptists, Independents and Presbyterians, were imprisoned in Newgate for refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the king.

In 1688, the poor condition of Newgate Gaol led Bristol's Corporation to build a new gaol at Newgate, at a cost of £1600. Prisoners at Newgate had to pay for their own food and drink. In the eighteenth century there was even a 'Tap-house' or bar inside the gaol, which served both prisoners and visitors.

## Eighteenth Century

From 1723 the walk from Newgate to the gallows on St Michael's Hill was replaced by a ride in a cart or coach. The condemned were taken in a slow procession, 'with halters around their necks and leaning on their own coffins'. Although the gallows was only a mile away, newspaper accounts indicate the procession could take over an hour. Other forms of corporal punishment, such as whippings at the tail of a cart, could begin or end at Newgate.

In July 1766, the gateway at Newgate was partially demolished to widen the road. The gate itself and two medieval statues that flanked it were removed. The statues were acquired by the Bristol brass manufacturer, William Reeve, who placed them on the inner side of the Arno's Court Triumphal Arch, which stood in front of his folly, the Black Castle. The two statues were returned to the city in 1898.

In 1770, improvements were undertaken in and around Newgate prison, in line with powers granted in the city improvement Act of 1766. Despite this, when the prison reformer, John Howard, visited Bristol in 1774 he reported that Newgate prison was severely overcrowded. He noted that the "dungeon", or night room for male felons, was eighteen steps underground and only 17 feet in diameter. There were 38 felons and 58 debtors in the gaol at the time he visited, with no bedding, no employment and insufficient water.

There were some improvements as a result of Howard's campaign. However, these were largely superficial. When Howard inspected the gaol in 1787 he reported that it was 'white without and foul within; the dungeon and several rooms very dirty. The allowance still to felons only a penny loaf before trial, and a twopenny loaf (1 1/2 lb.) after conviction.'

In 1792, an Act of Parliament was passed to allow for the building of a new gaol. However, local opposition to the costs involved meant nothing was done.

## Nineteenth Century Demolition

In June 1816, the 'shocking state' of Newgate Gaol, resulted in an Act of Parliament to facilitate the building of a New Gaol in Bedminster, at a cost of £60,000. This was completed in 1820, following which Newgate Gaol was demolished and the land sold off.

## Twenty First Century Reception

A plaque on the Galleries shopping centre, commemorates Newgate Gaol and, in particular, Francis Greenway, who was imprisoned there in 1812 and the poet, Richard Savage, who died there in 1743.

Newgate Gaol has featured in theatrical productions such as 'From Bristol to Botany Bay'.

## InfoBox

| Newgate, Bristol | |
| --- | --- |
| Newgate on Millerd's 1673 map of Bristol. The large building behind the gate was the gaol. | |
|  | |
| Location | Newgate, Bristol |
| Coordinates | 51°27′22″N 2°35′21″W / 51.456057°N 2.589201°W / 51.456057; -2.589201 |
| Area | UK |
| Built | c.1240 |
| Demolished | 1820 |
| Owner | Bristol Corporation |
|  | |


title: Roa Ridge

abstract:
Roa Ridge is a bow-shaped ridge, 5 mi (8.0 km) long in the Asgard Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. For much of its extent, it separates Matterhorn Glacier and Lacroix Glacier.
Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in 1998. Roa is a Maori word meaning “long” ridge.

text:
# Roa Ridge

**Roa Ridge** (77°38′S 162°20′E / 77.633°S 162.333°E / -77.633; 162.333 (Roa Ridge)) is a bow-shaped ridge, 5 mi (8.0 km) long in the Asgard Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. For much of its extent, it separates Matterhorn Glacier and Lacroix Glacier. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in 1998. *Roa* is a Maori word meaning “long” ridge.

## Features

From northwest to southeast, summits on the ridge include Vogler Peak, Mount Irvine, Hoehn Peak, Webb Peak and Matterhorn.

### Markham Spur

77°39′16″S 162°21′14″E / 77.65436°S 162.353918°E / -77.65436; 162.353918 A prominent rock spur extending southwest from Roa Ridge into Matterhorn Glacier in Asgard Range, Victoria Land. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1998) after Geoffrey W. Markham, Secretary of the New Zealand National Committee for the IGY, 1957–58; first Superintendent of Antarctic Division, New Zealand DSIR, 1959-65.

### Morelli Ridge

77°36′06″S 162°18′32″E / 77.601653°S 162.308981°E / -77.601653; 162.308981. A ridge, 2.7 miles (4.3 km) long, that extends north from Hoehn Peak into the upper part of Bartley Glacier. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (1997) after Frank A. Morelli, Bioscience and Planetology Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, who studied the surface distribution of microorganisms in soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 1970-71 field season; member of the environmental monitoring team for the Dry Valley Drilling Project, 1973-74.

### Vogler Peak

77°38′01″S 162°12′39″E / 77.633619°S 162.210871°E / -77.633619; 162.210871 A rock peak, 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) high, 0.75 nautical miles (1.39 km; 0.86 mi) southwest of Mount Irvine on Roa Ridge. Named for Jane Vogler, NSF program manager, who was NSF Science Representative at McMurdo and South Pole stations. Established the management plan for McMurdo's Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center (1985–86), and established the Foundation's Antarctic Environmental Research Program (1994).

### Mount Irvine

77°37′45″S 162°15′55″E / 77.629074°S 162.265285°E / -77.629074; 162.265285 A peak rising to 2,067 metres (6,781 ft) high between Vogler Peak and Hoehn Peak on Roa Ridge, the dividing ridge at the heads of Bartley Glacier and Matterhorn Glacier. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1998) after Sir Robin Irvine (1929–96), formerly Vice Chancellor of the University of Otago, Chairman of the Ross Dependency Research Committee and of the Antarctic New Zealand Board.

### Hoehn Peak

77°37′52″S 162°18′06″E / 77.631219°S 162.301781°E / -77.631219; 162.301781 A peak rising to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high at the head of Matterhorn Glacier; the peak marks the south end of Morelli Ridge. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (1997) after Robert C. Hoehn, Civil Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, who studied the Lake Bonney ecosystem during the 1974-75 field season.

### Webb Peak

77°39′00″S 162°23′00″E / 77.65°S 162.3833333°E / -77.65; 162.3833333 A peak on Roa Ridge, 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) northwest of Matterhorn. The peak rises to 1,750 metres (5,740 ft) high between Matterhorn Glacier and Lacroix Glacier. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1998) after Eric N. Webb, a New Zealand magnetician with the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), 1911–14, led by Douglas Mawson.

### Matterhorn

77°40′S 162°27′E / 77.667°S 162.450°E / -77.667; 162.450 Matterhorn Peak, 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) high, surmounting the north wall of Taylor Valley between Lacroix and Matterhorn Glaciers. So named by Griffith Taylor of the BrAE under Scott, 1910–13, because of its resemblance to the famous Swiss mountain.

### Campbell Terrace

77°40′39″S 162°28′50″E / 77.677416°S 162.480694°E / -77.677416; 162.480694 A relatively horizontal ice-free area on the south side of Matterhorn. The terrace has a median elevation of 1,050 metres (3,440 ft) high and is additionally bounded by the lower margins of Matterhorn Glacier, Lacroix Glacier, and the northern wall of Taylor Valley. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1998) after Iain Campbell, New Zealand Soil Bureau, whose Antarctic research from 1964 spanned over 30 years.

## Sources

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Roa Ridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Asgard Range | |
| Geography | |
| Continent | Antarctica |
| Region | Victoria Land |
| Range coordinates | 77°38′S 162°20′E / 77.633°S 162.333°E / -77.633; 162.333 (Roa Ridge) |


title: Too Close to the Pole

abstract: Too Close to the Pole is an album by Bobby Previte's Weather Clear, Track Fast released on the Enja label in 1996.

text:
# Too Close to the Pole

***Too Close to the Pole*** is an album by Bobby Previte's Weather Clear, Track Fast released on the Enja label in 1996.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

The Allmusic site awarded the album 4 stars stating "it is the chance-taking spirit of the musicians and their performances as a whole that make this a memorable release well worth several listens".

## Track listing

All compositions by Bobby Previte except where noted.

1. "Too Close to the Pole" - 4:14
2. "3 Minute Heels" - 13:00
3. "The Countess' Bedroom: from the Opera "The Queen Of Spades"" (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) - 8:22
4. "Save the Cups" - 7:31
5. "The Eleventh Hour" - 14:16
6. "Too Close to the Pole" \[Reprise\] - 8:30
7. "Untitled" - 16:02

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Too Close to the Pole | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Bobby Previte's Weather Clear, Track Fast | |
| Released | 1996 |
| Recorded | April 26–29, 1996 |
| Studio | Marweg EMI Studios, Cologne |
| Genre | Avant-garde Jazz |
| Length | 52:54 |
| Label | Enja
9306 |
| Producer | Bobby Previte |
| Bobby Previte chronology | |
| *Hue and Cry*
(1993) ***Too Close to the Pole***
(1996) *Euclid's Nightmare*
(1997) | |


title: Amigo Holdings

abstract: Amigo Holdings is a guarantor loans / subprime lender. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

text:
# Amigo Holdings

**Amigo Holdings** is a guarantor loans / subprime lender. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

## History

The company was established as a mid-cost guarantor loans lender by James Benamor in 2005. Benamor stood down as CEO, handing over the role to Glen Crawford, in 2015. In June 2018 the company was the subject of an initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange which valued the company at £1.3 billion.

The company announced in July 2020 that it would be providing at least £35 million in order to address consumer complaints regarding lack of checks on affordability when taking out a loan.

Amigo Holdings trading as Amigo Loans was involved in a case in Redhill County Court on 14 September 2016, when a Miss Abbas successfully defended a claim of circa £5,000 by Amigo Holdings on the basis that she never received a copy of the loan agreement.

On 1 June 2021, it was reported that Amigo faced possible bankruptcy after a High Court judge rejected an attempt by the company to cap payouts to customers. Gary Jennison, Chief Executive Officer of Amigo, commented: "Without a scheme, Amigo faces insolvency as it will be unable to satisfy its customer compensation claims as well as meeting the legally binding funding obligations owed to its secured creditors."

## Operations

The company is a business which issues mid-cost loans with payments guaranteed by a borrower's family or friends. The amount lent is up to £10,000, with a 49.9% APR, higher than loans from mainstream banks, but lower than high-cost products such as payday loans or rent-to-own. The company has secured around 88% of the guarantor loan market in the UK.

## Ownership

Approximately 61.4% of the company was owned by Richmond Group, a business controlled by James Benamor, the founder. Benamor sold his complete shareholding in June and July 2020 after failing to change the composition of the Board of Directors.

## InfoBox

Amigo Holdings
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | LSE: AMGO |
| Industry | Finance |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Founder | James Benamor |
| Headquarters | Bournemouth |
| Area served | United Kingdom |
| Key people | Jonathan Roe, Chairman
Danny Malone, CEO |
| Services | Guarantor loans |
| Revenue | 210.8 million (2018) |
| Operating income | 66.1 million (2018) |
| Net income | 50.6 million (2018) |
| Website | www.amigoloans.co.uk
www.amigoplc.com |


title: Muhammad Sawalha

abstract: Mohammad Kathem Rashid Maruf Sawalha, also known by the name Abu Obada, is a former leader of Hamas in the West Bank. He is the president of British Muslim Initiative (BMI) and currently resides in London. He is accused of supervising the allocation and supply of large amounts of money to Hamas operatives, an allegation that led to his being named in a 2004 U.S. indictment against Hamas operative Muhammad Salah. In addition to his work with Hamas and BMI, Sawalha is a frequent guest on the Al-Hiwar television station, and is affiliated with numerous Palestinian and Islamic charities. He has had a hand in organizing several of the flotillas and land convoys attempting to reach the Gaza Strip, through which he has transferred financial aid. Sawalha helped found the Muslim Association of Britain.

text:
# Muhammad Sawalha

**Mohammad Kathem Rashid Maruf Sawalha** (born 21 July 1961), also known by the name **Abu Obada,** is a former leader of Hamas in the West Bank. He is the president of British Muslim Initiative (BMI) and currently resides in London. He is accused of supervising the allocation and supply of large amounts of money to Hamas operatives, an allegation that led to his being named in a 2004 U.S. indictment against Hamas operative Muhammad Salah.

In addition to his work with Hamas and BMI, Sawalha is a frequent guest on the Al-Hiwar television station, and is affiliated with numerous Palestinian and Islamic charities. He has had a hand in organizing several of the flotillas and land convoys attempting to reach the Gaza Strip, through which he has transferred financial aid. Sawalha helped found the Muslim Association of Britain.

## Activities in Britain

He was a founder of the Muslim Association of Britain (MAB), and ran it from 1999 to 2007. Later he served as chairman of the British Muslim Initiative. He was described on a Palestinian website as head of the International Committee to Lift the Siege on the Gaza Strip. In 2009 he reportedly was named deputy chairman of the Popular Committee in Support of the Palestinian People. He also signed the 2009 Istanbul Declaration affirming the Palestinian peoples right to resist the illegal Israeli occupation of their land.

Sawalha has been involved in organizing flotillas and land convoys to the Gaza Strip while in Britain. Additionally, a BBC program alleged that he had directed funds both for Hamas' armed and missionary wings.

## 2004 U.S. indictment of Salah

The United States Department of Justice named Sawalha as a co-conspirator in the 2004 indictment of Muhammad Salah. The indictment alleged that Sawalha continued to work for Hamas, holding secret discussions about terrorist acts in Israel, and aiding in the laundering of money to fund Hamas activities in the West Bank and Gaza. Sawalha reportedly told Salah explicit instructions as to how to dress and behave when distributing funds to local Hamas operatives.

## British Muslim Initiative

Sawalha is one of the founders of the British Muslim Initiative.

In 2009, demonstrators protesting the Gaza attacks clashed with police, and nearly all of the handful arrested were Muslims. Sawalha questioned this disproportion, and also questioned the detainees' treatment. He said the BMI “encourages Muslims to express their feelings and ambitions and frustrations only through political and legal processes. But if anything sends the message that Muslims cannot express themselves through political processes, and they will not be dealt with like others, it will give more strength to the fringes within the community who say democracy and the political system doesn't apply to Muslims in this country. This will only increase the frustration and sense of alienation among these people.”

## Gaza flotillas

After the 2009 Gaza flotilla, Sawalha said that the next convoy would avoid the type of confrontation that had occurred with Egypt: “the confrontation will be directly with the Zionist enemy itself on the high seas.” Sawalha organized the autumn 2010 LifeLine 5 convoy to Gaza, which reportedly delivered $5 million of aid.


title: Triune Masonic Temple

abstract: The Historic Triune Masonic Temple is a meetinghouse of Freemasonry in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, built in 1910 in the Neo-Classical Revival style, designed by Henry C. Struchen (1871–1947). The structure was built for Triune Lodge No. 190, AF & AM. It is one of the earliest and best preserved buildings erected exclusively for the use of a single Masonic Lodge. Henry Struchen, although not an architect, was a contractor and designer. He was a member of Triune Lodge and a prominent builder in the city. Opening ceremonies for the building were held Thursday, March 2, 1911. Triune Masonic Temple was recognized for its historic and architectural significance by being placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1980. Stylistically the temple is a good example of the Neo-Classical Revival of the opening decades of the twentieth century. The exterior is virtually unchanged while the interior retains its classic integrity and remains substantially intact. The front facade features four Doric columns, pedimented windows and a decorative cornice, while the lodge room itself is adorned with stately pillars representing the five classical orders of architecture. The front of the building gives a hint of the grandeur inside. The interior cherry and maple woodwork and many of the original furnishings remain. The building is notable because it incorporates elements of Masonic ritual into its architectural design. The Historic Triune Masonic Temple is the last remaining historic Masonic temple within the cities of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The Temple is the home of Saint Paul Lodge Number Three A. F. & A. M. of Minnesota. Located in the Merriam Park neighborhood in Saint Paul MN, The Historic Triune Masonic Temple is a community fixture available for both private and public functions.

text:
# Triune Masonic Temple

**The Historic Triune Masonic Temple** is a meetinghouse of Freemasonry in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, built in 1910 in the Neo-Classical Revival style, designed by Henry C. Struchen (1871–1947). The structure was built for Triune Lodge No. 190, AF & AM. It is one of the earliest and best preserved buildings erected exclusively for the use of a single Masonic Lodge. Henry Struchen, although not an architect, was a contractor and designer. He was a member of Triune Lodge and a prominent builder in the city.

Opening ceremonies for the building were held Thursday, March 2, 1911. Triune Masonic Temple was recognized for its historic and architectural significance by being placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1980.

Stylistically the temple is a good example of the Neo-Classical Revival of the opening decades of the twentieth century. The exterior is virtually unchanged while the interior retains its classic integrity and remains substantially intact. The front facade features four Doric columns, pedimented windows and a decorative cornice, while the lodge room itself is adorned with stately pillars representing the five classical orders of architecture. The front of the building gives a hint of the grandeur inside. The interior cherry and maple woodwork and many of the original furnishings remain. The building is notable because it incorporates elements of Masonic ritual into its architectural design.

The Historic Triune Masonic Temple is the last remaining historic Masonic temple within the cities of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The Temple is the home of Saint Paul Lodge Number Three A. F. & A. M. of Minnesota. Located in the Merriam Park neighborhood in Saint Paul MN, The Historic Triune Masonic Temple is a community fixture available for both private and public functions.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| The Historic Triune Masonic Temple | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Historic Triune Masonic Temple from the northwest | |
|  | |
| Location | 1898 Iglehart Avenue<br>Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 44°56′57″N 93°10′50″W / 44.94917°N 93.18056°W / 44.94917; -93.18056 |
| Built | 1910 |
| Architect | H.C. Struchen; Victor Ingemann |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 80002127 |
| Added to NRHP | November 13, 1980 |


title: Hoshiyar… Sahi Waqt, Sahi Kadam

abstract: Hoshiyar… Sahi Waqt, Sahi Kadam is an Indian Hindi crime reality television anthology series, which was aired on 24 December 2016 and broadcast on &TV. The series was produced by Optimystix Entertainment of Vipul D. Shah. The series was aired on the nights of the weekend. The series was hosted by Mohnish Bahl.

text:
# Hoshiyar… Sahi Waqt, Sahi Kadam

***Hoshiyar… Sahi Waqt, Sahi Kadam*** is an Indian Hindi crime reality television anthology series, which was aired on 24 December 2016 and broadcast on &TV. The series was produced by Optimystix Entertainment of Vipul D. Shah. The series was aired on the nights of the weekend. The series was hosted by Mohnish Bahl.

## Host

## Cast

* Keval Vora as Punit(episode 17)
* Akshay Batchu as Arnub(episode 17)
* Jai Thakker as Deepak(episode 17)
* Bhavin Bhanushali (episode 16)

## InfoBox

| *Hoshiyar… Sahi Waqt, Sahi Kadam* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Crime reality television |
| Created by | Vipul D. Shah |
| Presented by | Mohnish Bahl |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 47 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Vipul D. Shah |
| Production locations | Mumbai, India |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Production company | Optimystix Entertainment |
| Original release | |
| Network | &TV |
| Release | 24 December 2016 (2016-12-24) <br>June 4, 2017 (2017-06-04) |


title: Jean-Pierre Eychenne

abstract: Jean-Pierre Eychenne is a retired French make-up artist. He is best known for his work on the film Cyrano de Bergerac (1990), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a BAFTA Award.

text:
# Jean-Pierre Eychenne

**Jean-Pierre Eychenne** is a retired French make-up artist. He is best known for his work on the film *Cyrano de Bergerac* (1990), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a BAFTA Award.

## Awards and nominations

### Academy Awards

| Year | Nominated work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *Cyrano de Bergerac* | Best Makeup | Nominated |  |
|

### British Academy Film Awards

| Year | Nominated work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | *Jean de Florette* | Best Make-Up Artist | Nominated |  |
| 1992 | *Cyrano de Bergerac* | | Won |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Jean-Pierre Eychenne | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | France |
| Other names | J.P. Eychenne |
| Occupation | Make-up artist |


title: Hoskote Lok Sabha constituency

abstract: Hoskote is a former Lok Sabha constituency in Mysore State. This seat came into existence in 1967 and ceased to exist in 1976, before 1977 Lok Sabha Elections. This constituency was later merged with Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency.

text:
# Hoskote Lok Sabha constituency

**Hoskote** is a former Lok Sabha constituency in Mysore State (Karnataka from 1967 to 1977). This seat came into existence in 1967 and ceased to exist in 1976, before 1977 Lok Sabha Elections. This constituency was later merged with Chikballapur Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Parliament

13°04′N 77°47′E / 13.07°N 77.79°E / 13.07; 77.79

## InfoBox

| Hoskote | |
| --- | --- |
| Former Lok Sabha constituency | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| State | Mysore State |
| Established | 1967 |
| Abolished | 1977 |
| Reservation | None |


title: Newgate Court

abstract: Newgate Court is a student accommodation building in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The 185,000 sq.ft building was designed by Urban Innovations and contains 575 student bedrooms. The building sits on the site of the former Newgate Shopping Centre which opened in the 1969. Outlets of Subway and German Doner Kebab are located on the lower floor facing Newgate Street. A 265-bedroom hotel and business centre owned by Dalata is also part of the development and houses an indoor crazy golf course.

text:
# Newgate Court

**Newgate Court** is a student accommodation building in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The 185,000 sq.ft building was designed by Urban Innovations and contains 575 student bedrooms. The building sits on the site of the former Newgate Shopping Centre which opened in the 1969. Outlets of Subway and German Doner Kebab are located on the lower floor facing Newgate Street. A 265-bedroom hotel and business centre owned by Dalata is also part of the development and houses an indoor crazy golf course.

## History

### Medieval Times

Built in 1399, Newgate was Newcastle's medieval prison, built over the a new reinforced gate in the North-west of the town walls. Up to 60 prisoners who had been sentenced to death were housed in the gaol's 10 small rooms before they were taken to the Town Moor to be executed. Tempted by the prison's proximity to the town's outer limits, in 1800 three prisoners escaped Newgate by making a hole in the chimney of their cell and creating a rope from bedding. A fourth prisoner also attempted to escape but became stuck within the chimney and was found by the wardens.

By the 1820s Newgate was described by Newspapers as “inconvenient, insufficient and insecure” and following an act of Parliament in 1822, a new prison centred around Prisoner rehabilitation was commissioned to be designed by John Dobson, one of the main architect behind Grainger Town. The decision to build the new gaol led to the demise of Newgate. Despite its utility as a gaol having long since passed, its demolition was met with outrage by some people, most notably the Antiquarians in Newcastle who wrote the ballad "Newgate Street Petition to Mr Mayor” in protest.

### Newgate Shopping Centre

In 1969, as Newcastle underwent major redevelopment a new shopping centre on the site. Noted for its grey-slab appearance that matched much of the urban architecture of the '60s and '70s. Above the shopping centre was the seven-storey, 85-bedroom Swallow Hotel which the Evening Chronicle described as "the first luxury hotel to be built in the centre of Newcastle for more than 70 years."

Over its forty years the 20 unit shopping centre housed several large brands including; Woolworths, Bata Shoes, HMV, The Northern Gas Board and Halfords. One other popular store in the centre was a men's boutique called For The Exclusive Man. Opened by Newcastle United superstar Malcolm Macdonald in 1972.

### Newgate Court

The Newgate Shopping Centre site was bought by McAleer & Rushe for £18.2m in 2006. However, there initial redevelopment bid was blocked by city planners for being “the most hideous design possible on one of England most elegant streets.” After changes to plans to enhance the public realm and extensive consulting with Historic England, Newcastle City Council approved McAleer & Rushe's £100m plans for a mixed-use scheme at Newgate Court in 2015. With plans to create 400 construction jobs building 269-bedrooms hotel, student housing and 2,000 sq m of commercial spac**e** for retail, leisure or professional services use. The outside of the building was finished with natural stone to further complement the rich heritage of the surrounding buildings of Grainger Town. It was calculated the scheme will generate £3.4m of new homes bonus payments for Newcastle City Council and £450,000 of additional Business Rates receipts per year.

Work began on site in March 2016. In September 2016 dust from the site formed a dangerous cloud in the area, and two months later nearby roads were forced to close after flying debris knocked the building's scaffolding out of place. Construction was completed in August 2018.

## Facilities

The bedrooms are arranged in a mixture of studio and 4-10 bed cluster apartments with shared kitchen facilities. Students also have access to games, two studies, lounge, cinema room, courtyards, parcel room, laundry and underground parking.

54°58′17″N 1°36′58″W / 54.9713°N 1.6161°W / 54.9713; -1.6161

## InfoBox

| Newgate Court | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Residential |
| Location | Grainger Town,<br>Newcastle-upon-Tyne |
| Address | Grainger Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 5AT |
| Construction started | 2016 |
| Completed | 2018 |
| Cost | £32 million |
| Owner | Unite Students |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 9 |
| Floor area | 185,000 sq ft |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Urban Innovations |
| Main contractor | Mcaleer & Rushe |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 575 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: Robert Damron (politician)

abstract: Robert Damron is an American investment banker and politician from the state of Kentucky. Affiliated with the Democratic Party, Damron was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 until 2015, representing the 39th district. He served as the Democratic caucus chair for 4 years. He announced that he would not seek re-election to the state House in 2014, and would instead run for Judge/Executive of Jessamine County, as incumbent William Neal Cassity was not running for reelection. He then lost the election to Republican David West. Shortly afterwards, he switched parties and became a Republican, stating that the national Democratic Party did not represent his values.

text:
# Robert Damron (politician)

**Robert Damron** (born June 20, 1954) is an American investment banker and politician from the state of Kentucky. Affiliated with the Democratic Party, Damron was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 until 2015, representing the 39th district. He served as the Democratic caucus chair for 4 years.

He announced that he would not seek re-election to the state House in 2014, and would instead run for Judge/Executive of Jessamine County, as incumbent William Neal Cassity was not running for reelection. He then lost the election to Republican David West. Shortly afterwards, he switched parties and became a Republican, stating that the national Democratic Party did not represent his values.

## InfoBox

| Robert Damron | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| House Democratic Caucus Chair | |
| **In office**
2009  January 8, 2013 | |
| Succeeded by | Sannie Overly |
| Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
from the 39th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1993  January 1, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | William Strong (redistricting) |
| Succeeded by | Russ Meyer |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1954-06-20) June 20, 1954 |
| Political party | Republican (since 2015)
Democratic (until 2015) |
| Residence | Nicholasville, Kentucky |
| Alma mater | University of Kentucky |
| Occupation | Investment banker |
|  | |


title: Toni Skarica

abstract: Antonio Peter "Toni" Skarica is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2000 who represented the Hamilton area ridings of Wentworth North and Wentworth—Burlington. In 2012 he was appointed as a judge to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

text:
# Toni Skarica

**Antonio Peter "Toni" Skarica** is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2000 who represented the Hamilton area ridings of Wentworth North and Wentworth—Burlington. In 2012 he was appointed as a judge to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

## Background

Skarica was born in England. Miroslav, his father was of Bosnian heritage while his mother, Hilda, came from Austria. The family moved to Canada when Skarica was five years old. He has a Bachelor of Commerce degree from McMaster University, and a law degree from the University of Toronto. He was called to the bar in 1979 and worked in private practice and as a Crown attorney. He is married with two children.

## Politics

Skarica was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1995 provincial election, defeating Liberal Chris Ward and New Democratic Party incumbent Don Abel by a significant margin in the suburban Hamilton riding of Wentworth North. He was not appointed to cabinet under Mike Harris, and soon developed a reputation as a maverick within his party. He opposed school board amalgamation and told regional officials to refuse payment of social housing costs being downloaded by the province. He also opposed the Harris government's plans to amalgamate the City of Hamilton with neighbouring municipalities.

Skarica was re-elected in the provincial election of 1999, in the redistributed riding of Wentworth—Burlington. During the election, he promised to resign if he was unable to prevent the amalgamation of Ancaster, Dundas and Flamborough into the City of Hamilton. The Harris government pushed forward with its amalgamation plans at the end of 1999, and Skarica resigned from the legislature on February 7, 2000.

## Later life

After leaving office, Skarica went back to work as assistant Crown attorney serving Hamilton, Ontario. On November 1, 2012, he was appointed as a judge to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

## InfoBox

| Toni Skarica | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ontario MPP | |
| **In office**
1999–2000 | |
| Preceded by | *New riding* |
| Succeeded by | Ted McMeekin |
| Constituency | Wentworth—Burlington |
| **In office**
1995–1999 | |
| Preceded by | Don Abel |
| Succeeded by | *Riding abolished* |
| Constituency | Wentworth North |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | England |
| Political party | Progressive Conservative |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Profit and the Loss

abstract: Profit and the Loss is a 1917 British silent drama film directed by A. V. Bramble and Eliot Stannard and starring James Carew, Randle Ayrton and Margaret Halstan.

text:
# Profit and the Loss

***Profit and the Loss*** is a 1917 British silent drama film directed by A. V. Bramble and Eliot Stannard and starring James Carew, Randle Ayrton and Margaret Halstan.

## Plot

When friends fail him, a tenant farmer turns to making money.

## Cast

* James Carew - Dicky Bransome
* Randle Ayrton - Jenkins
* Margaret Halstan
* Saba Raleigh

## Bibliography

* Low, Rachael. *The History of British Film, Volume 4 1918-1929*. Routledge, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Profit and the Loss | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | A. V. Bramble
Eliot Stannard |
| Written by | H. F. Maltby (play) |
| Starring | James Carew
Randle Ayrton
Saba Raleigh |
| Production
company | Ideal Film Company |
| Distributed by | Ideal Film Company |
| Release date | * 19 March 1917 (1917-03-19) |
| Running time | 5 reels |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Victoria Sabula

abstract: Victoria Chelangat Sabula is a Kenyan businesswoman, lawyer and corporate executive who serves as the chief executive officer at the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF), an "African financial development institution" that provides "catalytic funding to start-ups and emerging private companies in sub-Saharan Africa", in the agricultural and renewable energy arenas. She was appointed to this position in July 2019.

text:
# Victoria Sabula

**Victoria Chelangat Sabula** is a Kenyan businesswoman, lawyer and corporate executive who serves as the chief executive officer at the *Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund* (AECF), an "African financial development institution" that provides "catalytic funding to start-ups and emerging private companies in sub-Saharan Africa", in the agricultural and renewable energy arenas. She was appointed to this position in July 2019.

## Background and education

Victoria Sabula was born in Kenya circa 1981. She holds a Diploma in Human Resource Management, awarded by the *Kenya Institute of Management*. Her degree of Bachelor of Laws, was obtained from Moi University, in Eldoret, Kenya. Her Postgraduate Diploma in Law was awarded by the Kenya School of Law. She also holds a Master of Business Administration degree, awarded by Africa Nazarene University, in Ongata Rongai, Kenya. In addition, she is a *Certified Public Secretary*, and is recognised by the *Kenya Accountants and Secretaries National Examination Board*.

## Career

In 2004, Victoria Sabula began her career, as a legal assistant in the law offices of *Rachier and Amollo Advocates*, at their offices in Nairobi. One year later, she joined KCB Bank Kenya Limited, in their Nairobi offices, as a legal assistant.

She spent close to nine years at KCB Group, serving in various roles including as legal manager and head of legal in the credit unit of the group. The last two years were spent in Bujumbura, Burundi, working there as the Company Secretary of KCB Bank Burundi Limited.

She then spent the next five years at *Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa* (AGRA), serving there as *General Counsel and Corporation Secretary*, based at their Nairobi headquarters.

In July 2019, she was appointed as chief executive officer at AECF, where she leads the management of more than US$356 million in investments, as of July 2019.

## Family

Victoria Sabula is a married mother.

## InfoBox

| Victoria Sabula | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c.1981 (age 4243)
Kenya |
| Nationality | Kenyan |
| Citizenship | Kenyan |
| Education | Moi University
Kenya School of Law
Africa Nazarene University
Kenya Institute of Management |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer, Businesswoman, Corporate Executive |
| Years active | 2004 — present |
| Title | Chief Executive Officer at *Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund* |


title: Geogepa malacotorna

abstract: Geogepa malacotorna is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

text:
# Geogepa malacotorna

***Geogepa malacotorna*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Geogepa malacotorna* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Geogepa* |
| Species: | ***G. malacotorna*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Geogepa malacotorna***<br>(Meyrick, 1931) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Capua malacotorna* Meyrick, 1931 | |


title: HKPLC Cup

abstract: The Hong Kong Premier League Committee Cup is an annual football competition contested by clubs in the top-tier Hong Kong domestic football league. The cup was launched for the 2023–24 season during the time when the Hong Kong national football team was preparing for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.

text:
# HKPLC Cup

**The Hong Kong Premier League Committee Cup** (Chinese: 香港超級聯賽會盃) is an annual football competition contested by clubs in the top-tier Hong Kong domestic football league. The cup was launched for the 2023–24 season during the time when the Hong Kong national football team was preparing for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.

## Format

* Top four teams from the previous season of Hong Kong Premier League entered this competition. All teams compete in a compete in a single-elimination format. If the scores are level after 90 minutes, the teams play a penalty shootout.
* The number of foreign players teams can register is unlimited. Each team can register no more than 6 foreign or local guest players for the tournament.

## Finals

### Key

|  | Match decided by a penalty shootout after extra time |
| --- | --- |

### Results

| Season | Winner | Score | Runners-up | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023–24 | Kitchee | 2–2 † | Lee Man | Mong Kok Stadium | 2,978 |

## Results by team

| Team | Winners | Seasons won | Runners-up | Seasons runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kitchee | 1 | 2023–24 |  |  |
| Lee Man |  |  | 1 | 2023–24 |

## InfoBox

Hong Kong Premier League Committee Cup
| Founded | 2023 |
| --- | --- |
| Region | Hong Kong |
| Number of teams | 4 |
| Current champions | Kitchee (1st title) |
| Most successful club(s) | Kitchee<br>(1 time) |
| *2023–24 HKPLC Cup* | |


title: House at 20 Sterling Street

abstract: The House at 20 Sterling Street in Quincy, Massachusetts, is a well-preserved Colonial Revival duplex. The two-story wood-frame house was built in 1911 by Henry Grass, a local contractor who built a number of homes in the Quincy area. The Foursquare house has a hip roof with a wide overhang, with hip-roofed dormers. The full width of the front has a single-story porch, supported by four round columns, and there are bay windows project from the front and side. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# House at 20 Sterling Street

The **House at 20 Sterling Street** in Quincy, Massachusetts, is a well-preserved Colonial Revival duplex. The two-story wood-frame house was built in 1911 by Henry Grass, a local contractor who built a number of homes in the Quincy area. The Foursquare house has a hip roof with a wide overhang, with hip-roofed dormers. The full width of the front has a single-story porch, supported by four round columns, and there are bay windows project from the front and side.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| House at 20 Sterling Street | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 20 Sterling St., Quincy, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°16′18.5″N 71°2′10″W / 42.271806°N 71.03611°W / 42.271806; -71.03611 |
| Area | 0.2 acres (0.081 ha) |
| Built | 1911 |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, American Four-Square |
| MPS | Quincy MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001377 |
| Added to NRHP | September 20, 1989 |


title: Penny's Bay Power Station

abstract: Penny's Bay Power Station is a gas turbine power station in Penny's Bay, Hong Kong. The HKD 1.1 billion power station was commissioned on 25 March 1992. The complex consists of three open cycle gas turbines in a rectangular turbine hall with three smokestacks. The turbines were supplied by John Brown Engineering and generators by GEC-Alsthom. It is operated by CLP Power as a standby and peaking power station. The power plant can start up in 12 minutes. Its primary fuel is ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD). It is located at Penny's Bay on Lantau Island and its nameplate capacity is 300MW. The plant serves as a backup facility providing quick start support to CLP Power's generating system. The plant attained a thermal efficiency between 10.1% to 23.3% from 2012 to 2016. Power from the station is delivered by CLP's 132kV transmission network and through submarine cables to customers outside Lantau Island.

text:
# Penny's Bay Power Station

**Penny's Bay Power Station** (Chinese: 竹篙灣燃氣輪機發電廠) is a gas turbine power station in Penny's Bay, Hong Kong. The HKD 1.1 billion power station was commissioned on 25 March 1992. The complex consists of three open cycle gas turbines in a rectangular turbine hall with three smokestacks. The turbines were supplied by John Brown Engineering and generators by GEC-Alsthom. It is operated by CLP Power as a standby and peaking power station. The power plant can start up in 12 minutes. Its primary fuel is ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD).

It is located at Penny's Bay on Lantau Island and its nameplate capacity is 300MW. The plant serves as a backup facility providing quick start support to CLP Power's generating system. The plant attained a thermal efficiency between 10.1% to 23.3% from 2012 to 2016.

Power from the station is delivered by CLP's 132kV transmission network and through submarine cables to customers outside Lantau Island.

## Transportation

The power station is accessible within walking distance south east from Sunny Bay station of the MTR.

1. "Castle Peak Power Station". CLP. 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
2. CLP Group 2016 Sustainability Report

## InfoBox

| Penny's Bay Power Station<br>竹篙灣燃氣輪機發電廠 | |
| --- | --- |
| The power station viewed from Wing Yan Road | |
|  | |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Location | Lantau Island, New Territories |
| Coordinates | 22°19′14.2″N 114°2′30.1″E / 22.320611°N 114.041694°E / 22.320611; 114.041694 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | 25 March 1992 (1992-03-25) |
| Owners | CLP Group |
| Operators | Castle Peak Power Company Limited (CAPCO) |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Ultra-low-sulfur diesel |
| Combined cycle? | No |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 3 × 100 MW |
| Nameplate capacity | 300 MW |
| External links | |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Hovsångare

abstract: The titles hovsångare for men and hovsångerska for women are awarded by the Swedish monarch to a singer who, by their vocal art, has contributed to the international standing of Swedish singing. The formal title was introduced by King Gustav III of Sweden in 1773, with the first recipients being Elisabeth Olin and Carl Stenborg. The position as such, however, dates back to the 17th century, when Anne Chabanceau de La Barre and Joseph Chabanceau de La Barre were singers at the court of Queen Christina of Sweden.

text:
# Hovsångare

The titles **hovsångare** (Swedish: \[ˈhôːvˌsɔŋːarɛ\], literally "Court Singer") for men and **hovsångerska** (Swedish: \[ˈhôːvˌsɔŋːɛʂka\]) for women are awarded by the Swedish monarch to a singer (usually an opera singer) who, by their vocal art, has contributed to the international standing of Swedish singing. The formal title was introduced by King Gustav III of Sweden in 1773, with the first recipients being Elisabeth Olin and Carl Stenborg. The position as such, however, dates back to the 17th century, when Anne Chabanceau de La Barre and Joseph Chabanceau de La Barre were singers at the court of Queen Christina of Sweden.

## Named

### 21st century

### 20th century

### 19th century

### 18th century

* Nyström, Pia; Kyhlberg-Boström, Anna; Elmquist Anne-Marie: *Kungl. Musikaliska akademien: matrikel 1771–1995*, Kungliga Musikaliska Akademien, Stockholm 1996, Kungl. Musikaliska akademiens skriftserie, 84. ISSN 0347-5158. ISBN 91-85428-99-X. Libris 7749167.
* Moberg, Carl-Allan; Sundström, Einar; Morin, Gösta: *Sohlmans musiklexikon: nordiskt och allmänt uppslagsverk för tonkonst, musikliv och dans*. 2, Ehlers-Ingressa, Sohlman, Stockholm 1950 (swe). Libris 42147.
* Åström, Kenneth; Engström, Christer; Marklund, Kari: *Nationalencyklopedin: ett uppslagsverk på vetenskaplig grund utarbetat på initiativ av Statens kulturråd*. Bd 9, \[Him-Issk\], Bra böcker, Höganäs 1992 (swe). Libris 8211193.
* Leif Jonsson; Ann-Marie Nilsson & Greger Andersson: *Musiken i Sverige. Från forntiden till stormaktstidens slut 1720* (Music in Sweden. From Ancient times to the end of Empire) (Swedish)


title: Higby, West Virginia

abstract: Higby is a ghost town in Roane County, West Virginia. The town's name is a corruption of nearby Higly Creek.

text:
# Higby, West Virginia

**Higby** is a ghost town in Roane County, West Virginia.

The town's name is a corruption of nearby Higly Creek.

## InfoBox

| Higby | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| HigbyLocation within the state of West Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 38°39′26″N 81°29′26″W / 38.65722°N 81.49056°W / 38.65722; -81.49056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Roane |
| Elevation | 689 ft (210 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS ID | 1740904 |


title: Roaring River State Park

abstract: Roaring River State Park is a public recreation area covering of 4,294 acres (1,738 ha) eight miles (13 km) south of Cassville in Barry County, Missouri. The state park offers trout fishing on the Roaring River, hiking on seven different trails, and the seasonally open Ozark Chinquapin Nature Center.

text:
# Roaring River State Park

**Roaring River State Park** is a public recreation area covering of 4,294 acres (1,738 ha) eight miles (13 km) south of Cassville in Barry County, Missouri. The state park offers trout fishing on the Roaring River, hiking on seven different trails, and the seasonally open Ozark Chinquapin Nature Center.

## History

Land for the park was originally donated by Thomas Mark “Doc” Sayman, a medicine-show man who made millions peddling patent medicines and soaps during his traveling tent shows in the early 20th century. When Sayman failed to get the game and fish commission to buy property at Roaring River Spring, he purchased 2,400 acres which he then turned over to the state. The original park was acquired in 1923, and developed between 1933 and 1939 by the Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration.

## Historic sites

The park includes several resources dating from the 1930s that were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and that are also included in the Emergency Conservation Work (E.C.W.) Architecture in Missouri State Parks, 1933-1942, Thematic Resources.

* **Bath House** (NRIS 85000500): The clubhouse (or bath house) was built between 1936 and 1938, and is a rambling one-story, rustic stone building. It has a curvilinear section and a gable roof. It is the last surviving structure in a lake and beach development project initiated, but never completed, by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).
* **Camp Smokey/Company 1713 Historic District** (NRIS 85000513): This historic district encompasses three buildings and one structure that were part of the central compound of the CCC installation. They were erected in 1933 and are the Outdoor Fireplace/Chimney, Barracks No. 2 (Foreman's Quarters), Barracks #3 (Hospital), and Barracks #4 (Education and Supply Building).
* **Dam/Spillway** (NRIS 85000518): The original stone and earthen dam was built in 1865 by William McClure to power McClure's Mill (destroyed c. 1920). The dam was reconstructed by the CCC in 1933 for an important fish hatchery complex.
* **Deer Leap Trail** (NRIS 85000519): It was built between 1933 and 1939 by the CCC, and is a man-made trail, approximately 3/10 of a mile in length. It has rough stone steps and stone retaining walls and features the Deer Leap Overlook.
* **Honeymoon Cabin** (NRIS 85000520): Also known as Cabin #26, it is a small (15 feet by 23 feet) rectangular rustic cottage with an enclosed front porch in a secluded location. It was built between 1933 and 1939 by the CCC, and has a cross-gable roof, board-and-batten siding, and a stone foundation.
* **Hotel** (NRIS 85000501): Also known as the Lodge, it is a three-story, native stone and wood rectangular building with a full-length second-story porch. It was built in 1938 by CCC and Works Progress Administration relief workers.
* **Shelter Kitchen No. 2 and Rest Room** (NRIS 85000521): The Shelter Kitchen No. 2, or Shelter House, was built by the CCC in 1934, and is a rustic log structure with a flagstone floor and side-gable roof. The stone rest room is a small rectangular building with a front gable roof.

## InfoBox

| Roaring River State Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location in MissouriRoaring River State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Barry County, Missouri, United States |
| Coordinates | 36°35′08″N 93°48′57″W / 36.58556°N 93.81583°W / 36.58556; -93.81583 |
| Area | 4,293.68 acres (17.3759 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,345 ft (410 m) |
| Established | 1928 |
| Visitors | 1,615,464 (in 2022) |
| Governing body | Missouri Department of Natural Resources |
| Website | Roaring River State Park |


title: Tor Bridge High

abstract: Tor Bridge High is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in the Estover area of Plymouth in the English county of Devon. Previously a community school administered by Plymouth City Council, Tor Bridge High converted to academy status on 1 August 2011. The school is now part of the Tor Bridge Partnership which includes Plym Bridge Nursery, Tor Bridge Primary School and Cann Bridge School. However Tor Bridge High continues to coordinate with Plymouth City Council for admissions. Tor Bridge High offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels, OCR Nationals and further BTECs. Some courses are offered in conjunction with Lipson Co-operative Academy and Sir John Hunt Community Sports College. The school is also an associate partner college of Plymouth University.

text:
# Tor Bridge High

**Tor Bridge High** (formerly Estover Community College) is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in the Estover area of Plymouth in the English county of Devon.

Previously a community school administered by Plymouth City Council, Tor Bridge High converted to academy status on 1 August 2011. The school is now part of the Tor Bridge Partnership which includes Plym Bridge Nursery, Tor Bridge Primary School and Cann Bridge School. However Tor Bridge High continues to coordinate with Plymouth City Council for admissions.

Tor Bridge High offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels, OCR Nationals and further BTECs. Some courses are offered in conjunction with Lipson Co-operative Academy and Sir John Hunt Community Sports College. The school is also an associate partner college of Plymouth University.

*

## InfoBox

| Tor Bridge High | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Miller Way
Estover
Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8UN
England | |
| Coordinates | 50°24′41″N 4°05′57″W / 50.4113°N 4.0992°W / 50.4113; -4.0992 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | Stronger together, creating better futures. |
| Department for Education URN | 137206 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Principal | Tracy Stephenson |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 11 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 1,181 as of February 2016 |
| Houses | Faraday, Austen, Tenzing and Cade |
| Colour(s) | Teal, Blue, Red, Yellow, Orange, Black |
| Website | https://www.torbridge.net |


title: Profit extraction mechanism

abstract: In mechanism design and auction theory, a profit extraction mechanism is a truthful mechanism whose goal is to win a pre-specified amount of profit, if it is possible.

text:
# Profit extraction mechanism

In mechanism design and auction theory, a **profit extraction mechanism** (also called **profit extractor** or **revenue extractor**) is a truthful mechanism whose goal is to win a pre-specified amount of profit, if it is possible.

## Profit extraction in a digital goods auction

Consider a digital goods auction in which a movie producer wants to decide on a price in which to sell copies of his movie. A possible approach is for the producer to decide on a certain revenue, R, that he wants to make. Then, the *R-profit-extractor* works in the following way:

* Ask each agent how much he is willing to pay for the movie.
* For each integer $k=1,2,...$, let $N\_{k}$ be the number of agents willing to pay at least $R/k$. Note that $N\_{k}$ is weakly increasing with $k$.
* If there exists $k$ such that $N\_{k}\geq k$, then find the largest such $k$ (which must be equal to $N\_{k}$), sell the movie to these $k$ agents, and charge each such agent a price of $R/k$.
* If no such $k$ exists, then the auction is canceled and there are no winners.

This is a truthful mechanism. *Proof*: Since the agents have single-parametric utility functions, truthfulness is equivalent to monotonicity. The profit extractor is monotonic because:

* If a winning agent increases his bid, then $k$ weakly increases and the agent is still one of the $k$ highest bidders, so he still wins.
* A winning agent pays $R/k$, which is exactly the threshold price - the price under which the bid stops being a winner.

### Estimating the maximum revenue

The main challenge in using an auction based on a profit-extractor is to choose the best value for the parameter $R$. Ideally, we would like $R$ to be the maximum revenue that can be extracted from the market. However, we do not know this maximum revenue in advance. We can try to estimate it using one of the following ways:

1. Random sampling:

randomly partition the bidders to two groups, such that each bidder has a chance of 1/2 to go to each group. Let R1 be the maximum revenue in group 1 and R2 the maximum revenue in group 2. Run R1-profit-extractor in group 2, and R2-profit-extractor in group 1.

This mechanism guarantees a profit of at least 1/4 the maximum profit. A variant of this mechanism partitions the agents to three groups instead of two, and attains at least 1/3.25 of the maximum profit.

2. Consensus estimate:

Calculate the maximum revenue in the entire population; apply a certain random rounding process that guarantees that the calculation is truthful with-high-probability. Let R be the estimated revenue; run R-profit-extractor in the entire population.

This mechanism guarantees a profit of at least 1/3.39 the maximum profit, in a digital goods auction.

## Profit extraction in a double auction

The profit-extraction idea can be generalized to arbitrary single-parameter utility agents. In particular, it can be used in a double auction where several sellers sell a single unit of some item (with different costs) and several buyers want at most a single unit of that item (with different valuations). The following mechanism is an *approximate* profit extractor:

* Order the buyers by descending price and the sellers by ascending price.
* Find the largest $k$ such that $k\cdot (b\_{k}-s\_{k})\geq R$.
* The $k-1$ high-value buyers buy an item at price $b\_{k}$. The $k-1$ low-cost sellers sell an item at price $s\_{k}$.

The mechanism is truthful - this can be proved using a monotonicity argument similar to the digital-goods auction. The auctioneer's revenue is $(k-1)\cdot (b\_{k}-s\_{k})\geq {k-1 \over k}R$, which approaches the required revenue when it is sufficiently large.

Combining this profit-extractor with a consensus-estimator gives a truthful double-auction mechanism which guarantees a profit of at least 1/3.75 of the maximum profit.

## History

The profit extractor mechanism is a special case of a cost sharing mechanism. It was adapted from the cost-sharing literature to the auction setting.


title: Vicki Varvaressos

abstract: Vicki Varvaressos is an Australian contemporary figurative expressionist painter. Sometimes referred to as a "transitional artist", her painting style and subject matter has evolved throughout her career. Many of her works are of women and their experiences in Australia.

text:
# Vicki Varvaressos

**Vicki Varvaressos** is an Australian contemporary figurative expressionist painter. Sometimes referred to as a "transitional artist", her painting style and subject matter has evolved throughout her career. Many of her works are of women and their experiences in Australia.

## Biography

Born in Sydney, Australia in 1949, Vicki Varvaressos studied at the National Art School in Sydney from 1968 to 1971 at the East Sydney Technical College. Her paintings throughout the following decade gave expression to the feminist concerns of the 1970s especially the representation of women in the media. She travelled extensively throughout Europe in 1978. In later years, her subject matter shifted towards reflecting a more personal experience. Varvaressos currently lives and works in Sydney.

## Early work

Vicki Varvaressos's first exhibition was held at Watters Gallery in Sydney in 1975, a gallery at which she would continue to show regularly until its closure in 2018. The first exhibition was well-received by critics, Daniel Thomas listing her among the best of the "New Australian Faces of 1975". By 1978 she was being characterised as "a Sydneysider and heir to that city's tradition of funky, pop influenced art"—funk and pop being particularly identified with the Watters’ stable of artists. However, more commonly her work of this period—consistently figurative—was described as "expressionist". For example the critic Nancy Borlase wrote of her first exhibition that in "raw expressionist paintings … recognisable types, paragons of virtue or nastiness are brought to life in vivid slashes of fauve color, sometimes with devastating accuracy". Of an exhibition in 1978, W. E. Pidgeon would describe the "energetic combinations of brushwork, splashes, drips, broad strokes of cancellation (check) and jangling color schemes" as reflecting "the agitation and dissonances of our febrile age". This “agitation and dissonance” was seemingly meant to represent the type of political protest characteristic of the 70s, with which many Watters artists, including Varvaressos, were identified via the imagery in their work. Later, she would describe this period. "I was very involved in resident action and feminism. It was 1975, it was the time of our 'Bloodless Coup', they call it the dismissal, and that was reflected in the works that I was painting"

In a survey of art by Australian women in the 1970s, Janine Burke, while continuing the expressionist theme, would be more specific as to the nature of the political content of Varvaressos's work from that period. Taking up the common theme of an “anger” animating her painting and responsible for its “vitality”, Burke did not see this directed at people (as had Borlase and Pidgeon) but “primarily against the false and foolish images, mostly of women, that the media spew out, that assault an audience that has been so pacified and bedazzled it will swallow whatever iniquity is thrust down its (largely unprotesting) throat. … Varvaressos reveals the ugly reality behind the beautiful fantasy of the advertising image—and the potential violence that lurks within it”.

By the early 1980s, critics were noticing subtle changes in Varvaressos's paintings, however. Thus Sandra McGrath would describe an exhibition as containing “a group of paintings in which bitter, satiric impressions of political figures (Doug Anthony and Malcolm Fraser) share the wall space with a brilliantly beautiful still-life with pears, a portrait of gallery owner Geoffrey Legge and a splendid double portrait of Thea Proctor and Maggie Preston taking tea”. In 1987, Bruce Adams noted that “her figurative art now focuses on a more severe and emblematic way on its formal ingredients and pictorial construction” and her “critical observation of social ways” had achieved a “more cool and introspective, formally reductive manner”. In 1990, Janine Burke would observe that “it is hard to think of another young Australian artist who handles with such assurance the gap between painterly abstraction and figuration”. In 1992, Geoffrey Legge of Watters Gallery would comment that the content of her work had “slipped from political corruption and patent and covert examples of social manipulation … onto observation of human nature: love, fear, dependency; the many ways we communicate or avoid communicating with one another”. By the 1990s, Varvaressos was alternating exhibitions of entirely of abstract works with ones made up of figurative work, but now done in a minimal way without identifiable characters.

## Later work

In her work from the past two decades, her paintings evolved from figurative to highly abstracted forms. Her subject matter drew from her own emotional responses to everyday events. Her paintings employ a "murky" colour palette, which adds to the crudeness of her work, and her aesthetic is drawn from the inconsistencies of her life. Her paintings are formed from her head and can only be viewed wholly as an image once completed.

> “Now that her art has evolved, keeping calm and *‘just’* painting is more of a concern and *‘the content has become much more internal’* \- Maitland Regional Art Gallery Cultural Director: Joe Eisenberg OAM

Varvaressos is represented in the collections of NGA, NGV, Artbank, AGNSW, Cruthers Collection of Women's Art, University of NSW, Wollongong Art Gallery, University of Tasmania, CBUS Collection, Gold Coast Collection and private collections in the UK, Europe, USA and Australia.

## Major exhibitions

### Retrospectives

### Group exhibitions

* 1981. *Australian Perspecta*, Art Gallery of N.S.W.
* 1982. *Australian Painting and Sculpture 1956–1981*, Art Gallery of N.S.W.
* 1984. *Private Symbol: Social Metaphor, The 5th Biennale of Sydney*, Art Gallery of N.S.W.
* 1985. *Australian Perspecta*, Art Gallery of N.S.W.
* 1987. *Art in Architecture: Selections from the New Parliament House Collection*, Canberra Contemporary Art Space.
* 1988. *Bicentennial Print Folio*, Australian National Gallery, Canberra.
* 1997. *A Face in the Crowd*, National Portrait Gallery, Canberra.
* 2002. *Portia Geach Memorial Award* (winner), S. H. Irvin Gallery, Sydney; *Contemporary Australian Portraits*, National Portrait Gallery, Canberra.
* 2021. *Archie 100: A Century of the Archibald Prize*, Art Gallery of N.S.W.

### Solo exhibitions

* 1975–2017. Paintings, Drawings, Prints. Watters Gallery, Sydney.
* 1986–1998, Paintings, Niagara Gallery, Melbourne.

1. Janiszewski, Alexakis, Leonard, Effy (2013). *Faces Beyond the Greek Café: The Traditional Diversity of Greek-Australian Occupational Pursuits, 1820s–2010*. Adelaide: Flinders University Department of Language Studies - Modern Greek. p. 413.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. Germaine, Max, 1914-2006. (1991). *A dictionary of women artists of Australia*. Roseville East, NSW, Australia: Craftsman House. ISBN 9768097132. OCLC 26591029.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
3. Varvaressos, Vicki, 1949- (2014). *Vicki Varvaresso : the story so far*. Maitland Regional Art Gallery. Maitland, NSW. ISBN 9780987491992. OCLC 958242429.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
4. Voigt, Anna. (1996). *New visions, new perspectives : voices of contemporary Australian women artists*. Roseville East, NSW: Craftsman House. ISBN 9768097922. OCLC 35819179.
5. "Vicki Varvaressos | The Cbus Collection of Australian Art". *www.cbusartcollection.com.au*. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
6. Frank Watters on the painting he has never exhibited. 29 October 2018, *The Sydney Morning Herald*
7. *The National Times*, 26-31 January 1976.
8. Janine Burke, "Introduction", *Lost and Found: Objects and Images. Ewing and George Paton Galleries*, 10-27 October 1978.
9. Nancy Borlase, "Art: the young hopefuls", *The Bulletin*, 16 Aug. 1975.
10. W. E. Pidgeon, *The Sunday Telegraph*, Feb 26, 1978, 112)
11. *Vicki Varvaressos: the story so far*. Maitland Regional Art Gallery. Maitland, NSW. ISBN 9780987491992. OCLC 958242429 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/958242429).
12. Janine Burke, *Fields of Vision. A Decade of Change: Women's Art in the Seventies*. Viking Books, South Yarra, Vic., 1990, 99
13. *The Australian*, May 29-30, 1982
14. *The Sydney Morning Herald*, Friday, March 20, 1987
15. Janine Burke, *Fields of Vision. A Decade of Change: Women's Art in the Seventies*. Viking Books, South Yarra, Vic., 1990, 99
16. “Some Painterly Work from Watters Gallery”, Watters Gallery, Sydney, 1992.

## Bibliography

Agapitos, James (2005). "Interview with Vicki Varvaressos", *O Kosmos* (Greek-Australian newspaper), 9 September 2005. Platyrrahos Publishing, St Peters NSW.
Alexakis, Effy and Janiszewski, Leonard (1998). *In their own Image: Greek Australians*. Hale and Iremonger, Sydney.
Burke, Janine (1982). "Vicki Varvaressos", *Art and Australia*, vol 19, no. 4, 1982, 417—421.
Burke, Janine (1990). *Field of Vision. A Decade of Change, Women's Art in the Seventies*, pp. 99—104, Viking, Ringwood Vic.
Dingle, Max (2018). "Introduction", *Vicki Varvaressos, Painting in the Same Language: Different Vocabulary*, Shoalhaven Regional Art Gallery, Nowra, NSW.
Eisenberg, Joe. (2014). "Essay" for *Vicki Varvaressos: The Story So Far*, pp. 7–26. Maitland Regional Art Gallery, Maitland.
Mendelssohn, Joanna (2018). "Vicki Varvaressos" in *Vicki Varvaressos, Painting in the Same Language: Different Vocabulary*. Shoalhaven Regional Art Gallery, Nowra, NSW.
Miller, Steven (2012) *Dogs in Australian Art: A New History of Antipodean Creativity*, 182–183, Wakefield Press, Kent Town, S.A.
Saxby, John (2020). "Studio Visit: Vicki Varvaressos", *Look: Art Gallery of New South Wales*, pp. 66—70, Sydney, March-April.


title: Triplemanía VI

abstract: Triplemanía VI was the sixth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. 1998 was the first year since 1993 to only feature one Triplemanía event. The show took place on June 7, 1998 at Gymnasio Manual Bernardo Aguirre in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. The Main event featured a singles match between Kick Boxer and Heavy Metal where each man represented an AAA referee who put his hair on the line. Heavy Metal represented his father Pepe Casas while Kick Boxer represented referee El Tirantes. The show also featured a match for the Mexican National Tag Team Championship as champions Juventud Guerrera and Mosco de la Merced defended the championship against the father/son team of Perro Aguayo and Perro Aguayo Jr. The show featured three additional matches.

text:
# Triplemanía VI

**Triplemanía VI** was the sixth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. 1998 was the first year since 1993 to only feature one Triplemanía event. The show took place on June 7, 1998 at Gymnasio Manual Bernardo Aguirre in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.

The Main event featured a singles match between Kick Boxer and Heavy Metal where each man represented an AAA referee who put his hair on the line. Heavy Metal represented his father Pepe Casas while Kick Boxer represented referee El Tirantes. The show also featured a match for the Mexican National Tag Team Championship as champions Juventud Guerrera and Mosco de la Merced defended the championship against the father/son team of Perro Aguayo and Perro Aguayo Jr. The show featured three additional matches.

## Production

### Background

In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to *lucha libre*. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, later known simply as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the *Televisa* television network AAA held their first show in April, 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year.

1998 marked the first year since 1993 where AAA decided to just hold one Triplemanía show instead of the series of shows they had held over the summers of 1994 to 1997 and from that point on has only held one Triplemanía show per year. The Triplemanía VI show was the 13th overall show held under the Triplemanía banner. The event would take place at the *Gymnasio Manual Bernardo Aguirre* arena in Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico, an indoor sports arena with a capacity of 7.904 people for basketball games, more when the floor section also features seating arrangements. A total of five matches were booked for the show, which outside of Triplemanía IV-A, which had four matches, is the lowest number of matches at a Triplemanía show tied with Triplemanía VIII which also only featured five matches.

### Storylines

The Triplemanía VI show featured five professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as *rudos* in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (*técnicos* in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Venum and R-15 defeated Óscar Sevilla and Charly Manson | *Parejas Increibles* Tag team match | 01:53 |
| 2 | Pentagón, Octagón, and Octagoncito defeated Electroshock, Abismo Negro, and Mini Abismo Negro | Best two-out-of-three falls six-man "Lucha Libre rules" tag team match |  |
| 3 | Latin Lover, La Parka, Jr., Blue Demon Jr., and Máscara Sagráda (II) defeated *Los Vipers* (Histeria, Maniaco, Cibernético, and Psicosis II) by disqualification | Best two-out-of-three falls eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match |  |
| 4 | Perro Aguayo and Perro Aguayo Jr. defeated Fuerza Guerrera and Mosco de la Merced (c) | Best two-out-of-three falls tag team match for the Mexican National Tag Team Championship |  |
| 5 | Kick Boxer defeated Heavy Metal | Steel cage match, *Lucha de Apuestas*, "Hair of Pepe Casas vs. Hair of El Tirantes" match |  |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| Triplemanía VI | |
| --- | --- |
| La Parka Jr., was successful against *Los Vipers* in the third match of the night | |
| Promotion | AAA |
| Date | June 7, 1998 |
| City | Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico |
| Venue | Gymnasio Manual Bernardo Aguirre |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Rey de Reyes **Next**
Verano de Escándalo | |
| Triplemanía chronology | |
| **Previous**
V-B **Next**
VII | |


title: HLA-A3

abstract:
HLA-A3 (A3) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁳ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A3, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*03 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*03:01. A3 and A*03 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A3 is more common in Europe, it is part of the longest known multigene haplotype, A3~B7~DR15~DQ6.

text:
# HLA-A3

**HLA-A3** (A3) is a human leukocyte antigen *serotype* within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α3 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A3, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A\*03 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A\*03:01. A3 and A\*03 are almost synonymous in meaning. A3 is more common in Europe, it is part of the longest known multigene haplotype, A3~B7~DR15~DQ6.

## Serotype

A3 recognition of some HLA A\*03 gene products
| A\*03 | **A3** | Sample |
| --- | --- | --- |
| allele | % | size (N) |
| \*03:01 | 99 | 3504 |
| \*03:02 | 78 | 342 |
| \*03:05 | 20 | 5 |

A3 is primarily composed of A\*03:01 and \*03:02 which serotype well with anti-A3 antibodies. There are 26 non-synonymous variants of A\*03, 4 nulls, and 22 protein variants.

### Associated diseases

A3 serotype is a secondary risk factor for *myasthenia gravis* and lower CD8+ levels in hemochromatosis patients. The HFE (Hemochromatosis) locus lies between A3 and B7 within the A3~DQ6 superhaplotype.

### In HIV

HLA-A3 selects HIV evolution for a mutation Gag KK9 epitope and results in a rapid decline in the CD8 T-cell response. CD8 T-cells are responsible for quickly killing HIV infected CD4+ cells. This type of evolved response may not be specific for HLA-A3 and since HIV is capable of adapting quickly in situ to selective factors.

## Alleles

HLA A\*03:01 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Finland | 25.0 |
| India Tamil Nadu Nadar | 20.5 |
| Czech Republic | 18.9 |
| Belgium | 17.1 |
| Ireland Northern | 14.3 |
| Australia New South Wales | 13.8 |
| Georgia Svaneti Svans | 13.8 |
| Georgia Tbilisi Georgian… | 13.8 |
| Pakistan Burusho | 13.0 |
| Cape Verde Northwestern I… | 12.0 |
| Ireland South | 11.6 |
| Romanian | 11.6 |
| Croatia | 11.0 |
| USA Caucasians (3) | 10.8 |
| Italy North (1) | 9.7 |
| USA African Americans (2) | 9.4 |
| India Mumbai Marathas | 9.3 |
| India West Bhils | 9.0 |
| Portugal Centre | 9.0 |
| Pakistan Pathan | 8.7 |
| Cameroon Beti | 8.6 |
| Cameroon Bamileke | 7.8 |
| Pakistan Kalash | 7.5 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 7.5 |
| USA Hispanic | 7.3 |
| India North Delhi | 7.2 |
| Madeira | 7.0 |
| Russia Tuva (2) | 6.9 |
| Tunisia | 6.7 |
| USA North American Native… | 6.7 |
| Cape Verde Southeastern I… | 6.5 |
| Azores Santa Maria and Sa… | 6.4 |
| Pakistan Baloch | 6.3 |
| Guinea Bissau | 6.2 |
| Israel Arab Druse | 6.0 |
| South African Natal Zulu | 6.0 |
| USA South Texas Hispanics | 6.0 |
| India North Hindus | 5.8 |
| Zambia Lusaka | 5.8 |
| Iran Baloch | 5.6 |
| Uganda Kampala | 5.5 |
| Jordan Amman | 5.2 |
| Kenya | 5.2 |
| Brazil | 5.1 |
| Oman | 5.1 |
| Cameroon Pygmy Baka | 5.0 |
| Georgia Tbilisi Kurds | 5.0 |
| Sudanese | 4.8 |
| Bulgaria | 4.6 |
| Pakistan Brahui | 4.6 |
| China Beijing | 4.5 |
| Australia Indig. Cape Yor… | 4.4 |
| China Inner Mongolia | 4.4 |
| Mali Bandiagara | 4.4 |
| Pakistan Sindhi | 4.4 |
| China Qinghai Hui | 4.1 |
| Zimbabwe Harare Shona | 4.0 |
| Cameroon Sawa | 3.8 |
| Senegal Niokholo Mandenka | 3.8 |
| Kenya Luo | 3.6 |
| Morocco Nador Metalsa Cla… | 3.4 |
| Kenya Nandi | 3.1 |
| Mex. Guadalajara Mestizos… | 3.1 |
| China Guangzhou | 2.9 |
| China North Han | 2.9 |
| Mongolia Buriat | 2.9 |
| China Tibetans | 2.5 |
| China Yunnan Nu | 2.5 |
| Mexico Mestizos | 2.4 |
| American Samoa | 2.0 |
| Singapore Javanese Indone… | 2.0 |
|  | |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

HLA A\*03:02 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Georgia Tbilisi Kurds | 8.3 |
| Morocco Nador Metalsa Cla… | 4.1 |
| Pakistan Karachi Parsi | 2.8 |
| Israel Arab Druse | 2.5 |
| India New Delhi | 2.3 |
| Sudanese | 2.3 |
| India North Delhi | 2.2 |
| India West Coast Parsis | 2.0 |
| Portugal Centre | 2.0 |
| India Andhra Pradesh Goll… | 1.7 |
| Pakistan Kalash | 1.7 |
| Pakistan Baloch | 1.6 |
| Georgia Tbilisi Georgian… | 1.4 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 1.4 |
| Oman | 1.3 |
| Pakistan Sindhi | 1.3 |
| India North Hindus | 1.0 |
| Pakistan Pathan | 1.0 |
| South Africa Natal Tamil | 1.0 |
| USA South Texas Hispanics | 0.8 |
|  | |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

### Associated diseases

A\*03:01 modulates increased risk for multiple sclerosis

## A3~B haplotypes

A3-B7 is part of the A3~DQ2 superhaplotype A3-B8 (Romania, svanS)
A3~B35 (Bulgaria, Croatia, E. Black Sea)
A3~B55 (E. Black Sea)

### A3~Cw7~B7

A3~B7 is bimodal in frequency in Europe with one node in Ireland and the other in Switzerland, relatively speaking Switzerland appears to be higher. A3~Cw7~B7 is one of the most common multigene haplotypes in the western world, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.

A\*03:01 ~ C\*07:02 ~ B\*07:02 ~ DRB1\*15:01 ~ DQA1\*01:02 ~ DQB1\*06:02

## InfoBox

| HLA-A3 | |
| --- | --- |
| (MHC Class I,  cell surface antigen) | |
| HLA-A3 | |
| About | |
| Protein | transmembrane receptor/ligand |
| Structure | αβ heterodimer |
| Subunits | HLA-A\*03--, β2-microglobulin |
| Older names | HL-A3 |
| Subtypes | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A3.1 \*03:01   A3.2 \*03:02 | |
| Rare alleles | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A3.5 \*03:05 | |
| Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI | |