title: Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator

abstract: Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator is a South African nonprofit founded to address the youth unemployment crisis by connecting employers to first-time job seekers.

text:
# Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator

**Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator** is a South African nonprofit founded to address the youth unemployment crisis by connecting employers to first-time job seekers.

## About

Harambee seeks to address the South African youth unemployment crisis by helping companies hire young, first-time job seekers. The organization has developed a mobile-based network that collects job-seekers' details, assesses candidates, offers training, and matches them to employers looking for their skillsets. By signing up for and showing up regularly to classes and training, candidates can demonstrate reliability, and thus employability. The goal is to encourage companies to take a chance on workers with no experience, often from poor households. As of May 2019, Harambee has a network of 500,000 young job seekers and 500 company partners.

According to RTI International, Harambee was involved in the development of a curriculum for digital literacy and professional networking skills hosted on the gcyerti.com website.

### Recognition

Harambee has been the recipient of a number of grants and awards, including the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship, a finalist for the 2019 Conscious Companies award and the Global Center for Youth Employment award. It was one of the Aspen Institute's 2015 John P. McNulty prize laureates and also received recognition from USAID and a $3.5 million grant in 2020. In 2019, they were voted the 8th most popular brand in South Africa in the "Coolest Campaign Targeted at Youth 2019" category.

## History

Harambee was founded in 2011 by Nicola Galombik, who is also the Executive Director at Yellowwoods, a global investment group based in South Africa. The name "Harambee" is Swahili for "we all pull together". The organization was incubated by Yellowwoods in partnership with the South African Government's National Treasury's Jobs Fund. Maryana Iskander took over as Chief Executive Officer in 2012. According to Iskander, their initial goal was to "scale and place 10,000 people into their first jobs". In 2015, Harambee made an on-stage commitment at the Clinton Global Initiative to provide unemployed youth in South Africa access to 50,000 jobs and work experiences. As of June 2019, Harambee had connected 100,000 young South Africans to employment.

## InfoBox

Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator
| Formation | 2011 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Nicola Galombik |
| Location | * South Africa |
| CEO | Kasthuri Soni |
| Key people | Maryana Iskander |
| Website | harambee.co.za |


title: Violation (basketball)

abstract: In basketball, a common violation is the most minor class of illegal action. Most violations are committed by the team with possession of the ball, when a player mishandles the ball or makes an illegal move. The typical penalty for a violation is loss of the ball to the other team. This is one type of turnover. Common violations are defined in Rule No. 10 of the NBA Rulebook.

text:
# Violation (basketball)

In basketball, a **common violation** is the most minor class of illegal action. Most violations are committed by the team with possession of the ball, when a player mishandles the ball or makes an illegal move. The typical penalty for a violation is loss of the ball to the other team. This is one type of turnover.

Common violations are defined in Rule No. 10 of the NBA Rulebook.

## Ball-handling violations

## Excessive time taken

## Other violations

Stepping or losing the ball out of bounds may also be considered violations, as they result in the loss of the ball.

Acts involving contact between opponents or unsportsmanlike conduct are called fouls, usually a personal foul.


title: The Modern Sound of Mr. B

abstract: The Modern Sound of Mr. B is a 1964 studio album by the American singer Billy Eckstine. It was produced by Quincy Jones.

text:
# The Modern Sound of Mr. B

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Record Mirror* |  |

***The Modern Sound of Mr. B*** is a 1964 studio album by the American singer Billy Eckstine. It was produced by Quincy Jones.

## Reception

The album was chosen as a "Special Merit Pick" by *Billboard* magazine upon its release in June 1964. *BillBoard* commented that "Few singers manage in their careers to achieve a truly distinctive style, but "Mr B." has a style strictly his own." *Stereo Review* said of the album that "His vocal sound is warm and rich, his polish is obvious. This album is titled "The Modern Sound of Mr. B." It is a misnomer. Eckstine's sound is the same as it always was — like a 45-rpm Sarah Vaughan record played at 33 1/3".

## Track listing

1. "Mister Kicks" – 2:20
2. "People" (Jule Styne, Bob Merrill) – 3:13
3. "Satin Doll" (Duke Ellington, Johnny Mercer, Billy Strayhorn) – 3:18
4. "A Beautiful Friendship" (Donald Kahn, Stanley Styne) – 3:25
5. "Wives and Lovers" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 2:30
6. "What Are You Afraid of" – 2:26
7. "Sweet Georgia Brown" (Ben Bernie, Kenneth Casey, Maceo Pinkard) – 1:55
8. "A Garden in the Rain" (James Dyrenforth, Carroll Gibbons) – 2:50
9. "Wouldn't It Be Loverly" (Frederick Loewe, Alan Jay Lerner) – 4:07
10. "Poor Fool" – 3:00
11. "Our Once Happy Love" – 2:58
12. "Wanted" – 2:47

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Modern Sound of Mr. B | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Billy Eckstine | |
| Released | 1964 |
| Recorded | 1964 |
| Genre | Traditional pop, jazz |
| Length | 39:16 |
| Label | Mercury MG 20916/SR 60916 |
| Producer | Quincy Jones |
| Billy Eckstine chronology | |
| *Now Singing In 12 Great Movies*
(1963) ***The Modern Sound of Mr. B***
(1964) *The Prime of My Life*
(1965) | |


title: Panjal Mastan National Park

abstract: Panjal Mastan is a picturesque location in the Bagh Valley of Azad Kashmir. The Panjal Mastan National Park, located in the Bagh District, sits at an average elevation of 2,800 meters above sea level, making it one of the highest plateaus in the region. Covering an area of 300 square kilometres, the park is renowned for its diverse flora and fauna, part of the Pir Panjal ecoregion. During spring, the plains are adorned with wildflowers, adding to the park's scenic charm.

text:
# Panjal Mastan National Park

**Panjal Mastan** (Urdu پنجال مستان) is a picturesque location in the Bagh Valley of Azad Kashmir. The Panjal Mastan National Park, located in the Bagh District, sits at an average elevation of 2,800 meters (9,186 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest plateaus in the region. Covering an area of 300 square kilometres, the park is renowned for its diverse flora and fauna, part of the Pir Panjal ecoregion. During spring, the plains are adorned with wildflowers, adding to the park's scenic charm.

## Climate and ecology

Panjal Mastan has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) according to the Köppen climate classification. Located in the western part of the outer Pir Panjal range, its high altitude results in cold, snowy winters and relatively cool summers with significantly more rainfall compared to lower elevations. The area frequently experiences fog and receives precipitation year-round, with peaks in winter and summer (July–August). The average annual precipitation is 1,789 mm (70.4 in). Panjal Mastan is home to a variety of rare species, including leopards from the nearby Galiyat region. Common wildlife includes Rhesus macaque, Wild boar, fox, and numerous bird species, such as the cheer pheasant and kalij pheasant. The area is also known for the Panjal vole, a rodent species endemic to Pakistan.

## InfoBox

| Panjal Mastan | |
| --- | --- |
| National park | |
| Panjal Mastan | |
| Coordinates: 34°03′27″N 73°44′17″E / 34.0574°N 73.7381°E / 34.0574; 73.7381 | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| State | Azad Kashmir |
| District | Bagh |
| Elevation | 2,800 m (9,200 ft) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Urdu |
| Time zone | PST |


title: Herman Lubinsky

abstract: Herman Lubinsky was an American radio station and music business executive who founded Savoy Records in New York City in 1942.

text:
# Herman Lubinsky

**Herman Lubinsky** (born **Hyman Lubinsky**; August 30, 1896 – March 16, 1974) was an American radio station and music business executive who founded Savoy Records in New York City in 1942.

## Career

Lubinsky was born to a Jewish family in Branford, Connecticut, the son of Fannie (née Rosinsky; 1865–1941) and Louis Lubinsky (also known as Leuvinsky; 1857–1921), both of whom had emigrated from Russia in 1883.

By 1915, he was working as an electrical contractor in New Haven, before serving as a radio operator in the US Navy. In 1922, Lubinsky founded The Radio Shop of Newark, in Newark, New Jersey, and, in 1923, set up a radio station, WRAZ, which changed its title to WCBX and then, in October 1924, to WNJ.

The station operated from the attic of Lubinsky's home before its studio in Newark opened in 1925. The station became known as "The Voice of Newark" and presented programmes for immigrants to the New York metropolitan area in Polish, Lithuanian and Italian.

In 1929, Lubinsky set up the Radio Investment Co., but in November 1932 his application to renew the license for WNJ was refused by the Federal Radio Commission because he refused to accept limits on the station's bandwidth. Lubinsky fought the action in the courts, but the station was taken off the air in March 1933.

Lubinsky then started the United Radio Company, which sold and repaired radios and phonographs and began selling records. Encouraged by his friend Eli Oberstein, a music business executive, he launched Savoy Records in 1942 from his new Radio Record Shop. The company released jazz recordings made before the Petrillo Ban came into effect and also recordings made by musicians attempting to circumvent the ban by recording under pseudonyms. Among the latter was Bonnie Davis, whose recording of "Don't Stop Now" reached number 1 on the R&B chart in 1943. By 1944, the label had begun to release records by leading jazz musicians, such as Ben Webster and Lester Young, and over the next few years its roster of musicians expanded to include Charlie Parker, Dexter Gordon, Erroll Garner, Miles Davis, Paul Williams and Brownie McGhee.

After opening an office in California in 1948, Savoy continued to have success with such musicians as Johnny Otis, Little Esther Phillips, Cannonball Adderley and Big Maybelle, although after the mid-1950s it began to concentrate increasingly on gospel music, including Clara Ward, the Drinkard Singers, Alex Bradford, the Caravans, Dorothy Love Coates and the Original Gospel Harmonettes and James Cleveland. Lubinsky continued as head of the company until shortly before his death in Newark in 1974.

## Character and controversies

Lubinsky has been described as "an arrogant bully... the quintessential loudmouth, overweight, cigar-smoking record man with little apparent charm"; as "a colorful character... endowed with a shrewd business sense"; and as "a rather profane cheapskate who had a low opinion of many of the musicians that he recorded" and who "was best known for his desire to cut expenses at all costs". His oldest daughter, Lois Grossberg, later said, "He was paranoid about money. It consumed him like a burning fire. He had a reputation as an ogre in the business. You have no idea of the cheapness."

The singer Little Jimmy Scott recorded for Savoy in the 1950s. He left the label in the early 1960s and recorded an album with Ray Charles for the latter's new label, Tangerine. However, Lubinsky claimed that Scott was under contract to him for his lifetime. The record was withdrawn. As a result, Scott retreated from the recording industry until after Lubinsky's death.

1. Larkin, Colin (ed.) (2006). *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music*, 4th ed.. London: Muze.
2. Bil Carpenter (2005). *Uncloudy Days: The Gospel Music Encyclopedia*. Backbeat Books. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-87930-841-4.
3. Cherry, Robert; Griffith, Jennifer (Summer 2014). "Down to Business: Herman Lubinsky and the Postwar Music Industry". Journal of Jazz Studies vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
4. U.S. World War II Draft Registration Card, 1942, for Herman Lubinsky. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
5. 1900 United States Federal Census, Branford, Connecticut, for Himie Leuvinsky. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
\- 1910 United States Federal Census for Hyman Lubinsky.
6. New Haven, Connecticut, City Directory, 1915. p. 618.
7. George, Jim. "WNJ – 1450 AM, Newark" Archived 2012-07-08 at the Wayback Machine. *New Jersey AM Radio History* (blog). Retrieved 25 March 2014.
8. "Radio Review: Herman Lubinsky", in collaboration with *Science and Invention* and *Radio News* via *Morning Herald* (Gloversville, New York), 24 March 1922. p. 6, col. 6.
9. Broven, John (2009). *Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers*. University of Illinois Press. pp. 57–59. OCLC 216938277.
10. John Broven (2 March 2009). *Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers*. University of Illinois Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-252-03290-5.
11. Whitburn, Joel (1996). *Top R&B Singles: 1942–1995*. Record Research. p. 104. OCLC 35116031.
12. "Savoy Records Discography: 1931–1944". *jazzdisco.org*. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
13. Ruppli, Michel; Porter, Bob (1980). *The Savoy Label: A Discography* (excerpt). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. OCLC 5353729.
14. "Herman Lubinsky", *Radio Dealer*, January 1923, page 37.
15. Kukla, Barbara J. (2002). *Swing City: Newark Nightlife, 1925–50*. Rutgers University Press. pp.153-154. OCLC 48176785.
16. Yanow, Scott. "Artist Biography: Herman Lubinsky". *AllMusic*. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
17. Ritz, David (2003). "The Hit That Never Was". *The Guardian*, 9 January. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
\- Hoffer, Jason (2011). "Talking About Life with Little Jimmy Scott" (interview). *www.goingthruvinyl.com*, 15 November. Retrieved 25 March 2014.

## InfoBox

| Herman Lubinsky | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Hyman Lubinsky
(1896-08-30)August 30, 1896
Branford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | March 16, 1974(1974-03-16) (aged 77)
Newark, New Jersey, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Music executive, record label owner, radio station owner |
| Years active | 19221974 |
| Known for | Founder of Savoy Records |


title: Gopal Prasad Sharma

abstract: Gopal Prasad Sharma is an internationally recognised Indian artist associated with the traditional miniature art of Rajasthan. He received Shilp Guru award 2018 by vice president of India for educating more than 25,000 students worldwide and for making biggest Ram Darbar in Miniature work. He received a National Award for Master Craftsman in 2007. National Handicrafts Award is an Indian Government award conferred to outstanding master craftspersons in recognition of their outstanding contribution towards development of crafts. His miniature paintings relate to Indian gods and the Mughal period, with intricate and delicate brushwork.He creates his colours from minerals, vegetables, precious stones, indigo, conch shells, and pure gold and silver.In 2003, the Nehru Centre, London recognized his artwork when he made a world-record smallest painting on a mustard seed. He began teaching in 1989. He has taught approximately 25,000 students internationally, via school workshops and private lessons. he don't take any fee since he started teaching Miniature art, even sometimes he provide stay and food to the students who cant afford and come from other cities to learn. he has given 30 years of his life in teaching students and spreading traditional Miniature painting.

text:
# Gopal Prasad Sharma

**Gopal Prasad Sharma** is an internationally recognised Indian artist associated with the traditional miniature art of Rajasthan.

He received Shilp Guru award 2018 by vice president of India for educating more than 25,000 students worldwide and for making biggest Ram Darbar in Miniature work.

He received a National Award for Master Craftsman in 2007. National Handicrafts Award is an Indian Government award conferred to outstanding master craftspersons in recognition of their outstanding contribution towards development of crafts.

His miniature paintings relate to Indian gods and the Mughal period, with intricate and delicate brushwork.He creates his colours from minerals, vegetables, precious stones, indigo, conch shells, and pure gold and silver.In 2003, the Nehru Centre, London recognized his artwork when he made a world-record smallest painting on a mustard seed.

He began teaching in 1989. He has taught approximately 25,000 students internationally, via school workshops and private lessons. he don't take any fee since he started teaching Miniature art , even sometimes he provide stay and food to the students who cant afford and come from other cities to learn . he has given 30 years of his life in teaching students and spreading traditional Miniature painting .

## Biography

Gopal Prasad Sharma was born in Bijolia, Rajasthan on 16 June 1964 . Where Mahatma Gandhi started Kisan Andolan. His Hindu family were artists to the royal family of Bijolia who called Rajmistri (Gardhars) at the time. His grand father late Devi Lal Shilpkar was a great artist and he fulfil the needs to thousands of artist families who work for royal family of Mewar. He also participated in freedom fight along with The great freedom fighter Manikya Lal Verma who was the first prime minister of Rajasthan and Vijay Singh Pathik. He was among the first Indian revolutionaries who lit the torch of freedom movement against British rule.

Gopal is the 8th generation continuing art work as the Legacy of the family , the art work his family was doing from generations is continuously spreading by his forefathers and developing the art form day by day. Gopal began as a wall painter in his village and he often traveled to different villages to paint walls with his father who was his guru (teacher). He painted on paper as a hobby and later adopted miniature painting as his profession.

Gopal began working as a professional artist in 1980. He made his name in the miniature art genre by working on handmade paper with natural colours. He created detailed paintings based on the culture and tradition of Rajasthan and the mughal theme, the oldest theme in Indian miniature. he always create his own theme and subjects to develop, spread and helps this drowning art form to learn by young generations. He keep teaching free of cost to the students who come over to learn. A few of the students from several universities has done PHD on Gopal.

He won the National Award which is given by the president of India and is the highest civilian award of India under the process of selecting the paintings by the jury assigned by the Handicrafts Department of India, DCH development commissioner handicrafts comes under ministry of textiles and handicrafts by government of India|Miniature painting=fine work done by single hair brush on hand made paper or cloth, for his research, artwork, and spreading the knowledge of traditional miniature. He became noted in the Indian miniature art world for portraits of famous people, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Shivaji, Maharana Pratap, Princess Diana, and Bill Clinton.

He has received various other awards and exhibited his artwork internationally.

His children, Abhisek Sharma and Neha Sharma, the 9th generation are both artists and working under the guidelines of their father. They have each won their own awards.

Daughter Neha sharma won state award by government of rajasthan in the phad style painting which is folk art of rajasthan .

Media related to Gopal Prasad Sharma at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Gopal Prasad Sharma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1964-06-16) 16 June 1964<br>Bijolia, Rajasthan, India |
| Known for | Miniature painting |
| Awards |  |


title: Kitów

abstract: Kitów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sułów, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Sułów, 25 km (16 mi) west of Zamość, and 56 km (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Kitów

**Kitów** \[ˈkituf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sułów, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Sułów, 25 km (16 mi) west of Zamość, and 56 km (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## History

During the Nazi occupation of Poland, on December 11, 1942, a minimum of 164 inhabitants of Kitów, including numerous women and children, were massacred by the German punitive expedition.

## InfoBox

| Kitów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Kitów | |
| Coordinates: 50°48′N 22°56′E / 50.800°N 22.933°E / 50.800; 22.933 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Zamość |
| Gmina | Sułów |


title: Harambee (Italy)

abstract: Harambee was a centrist and social liberal faction, with roots in the Christian left, within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. Most of its members hailed from the Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL). The faction was formed in April 2018 by Senator Matteo Richetti, spokesman of the PD and close advisor of former Prime Minister and former party's secretary Matteo Renzi. On 8 April 2018, Richetti announced his intention to launch his bid to become secretary of the PD whenever a leadership election would be called. The faction's name came from the Kenyan word Harambee, which is a tradition of community self-help events, for example fundraising or development activities; it literally means "all pull together" in Swahili, and is also the official motto of Kenya and appears on its coat of arms. Richetti said that he was inspired by his uncle, who was a missionary. Richetti left the Democratic Party on 10 September 2019 and joined Action. Harambee was thus dissolved.

text:
# Harambee (Italy)

**Harambee** was a centrist and social liberal faction, with roots in the Christian left, within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. Most of its members hailed from the Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL).

The faction was formed in April 2018 by Senator Matteo Richetti, spokesman of the PD and close advisor of former Prime Minister and former party's secretary Matteo Renzi. On 8 April 2018, Richetti announced his intention to launch his bid to become secretary of the PD whenever a leadership election would be called.

The faction's name came from the Kenyan word *Harambee*, which is a tradition of community self-help events, for example fundraising or development activities; it literally means "all pull together" in Swahili, and is also the official motto of Kenya and appears on its coat of arms. Richetti said that he was inspired by his uncle, who was a missionary.

Richetti left the Democratic Party on 10 September 2019 and joined Action. Harambee was thus dissolved.

## InfoBox

| Harambee | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Leader | Matteo Richetti |
| Founded | 8 April 2018 |
| Dissolved | 10 September 2019 |
| Ideology | Centrism
Social liberalism
Christian left |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| National affiliation | Democratic Party |
| Website | |
| harambeeitalia.it | |
|  | |


title: Murraysville, West Virginia

abstract: Murraysville is an unincorporated community in northern Jackson County, West Virginia, United States. It is located along the Ohio River across from Long Bottom, Ohio. It lies along Murraysville Road, north of the city of Ripley, the county seat of Jackson County. Its elevation is 591 feet (180 m).

text:
# Murraysville, West Virginia

**Murraysville** is an unincorporated community in northern Jackson County, West Virginia, United States. It is located along the Ohio River across from Long Bottom, Ohio. It lies along Murraysville Road, north of the city of Ripley, the county seat of Jackson County. Its elevation is 591 feet (180 m).

## InfoBox

| Murraysville, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| MurraysvilleMurraysville | |
| Coordinates: 39°4′39″N 81°48′23″W / 39.07750°N 81.80639°W / 39.07750; -81.80639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Jackson |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |


title: The Mistress (2012 film)

abstract: The Mistress is a 2012 Filipino romantic melodrama film directed by Olivia Lamasan, starring John Lloyd Cruz and Bea Alonzo with Ms. Hilda Koronel and Ronaldo Valdez. The film celebrates the 10th anniversary of John Lloyd Cruz and Bea Alonzo's partnership as a love team and also their comeback film after their hit 2010 film entitled Miss You Like Crazy. The film was well acclaimed and received mixed to positive reviews both from critics and fans, and set a box-office record in the Philippine Cinema. It grossed over ₱260 million, becoming the highest grossing non-MMFF film of 2012 and is currently the 16th highest grossing Filipino film of all time. It also won and received six several awards in the 31st Luna Awards and received nominations in 61st FAMAS Awards, Golden Screen Awards, and Star Awards for Movies in 2013 respectively. Due to the film's success, it was screened internationally in selected countries. Alonzo and Cruz also had their TV series entitled A Beautiful Affair that aired in ABS-CBN last October 29, 2012, and ended on January 18, 2013, is also part of their 10th anniversary as love team and the success of The Mistress.

text:
# The Mistress (2012 film)

***The Mistress*** is a 2012 Filipino romantic melodrama film directed by Olivia Lamasan, starring John Lloyd Cruz and Bea Alonzo with Ms. Hilda Koronel and Ronaldo Valdez.

The film celebrates the 10th anniversary of John Lloyd Cruz and Bea Alonzo's partnership as a love team and also their comeback film after their hit 2010 film entitled *Miss You Like Crazy*.

The film was well acclaimed and received mixed to positive reviews both from critics and fans, and set a box-office record in the Philippine Cinema. It grossed over ₱260 million, becoming the highest grossing non-MMFF film of 2012 and is currently the 16th highest grossing Filipino film of all time. It also won and received six several awards (including the cast and crew) in the 31st Luna Awards and received nominations in 61st FAMAS Awards, Golden Screen Awards, and Star Awards for Movies in 2013 respectively. Due to the film's success, it was screened internationally in selected countries.

Alonzo and Cruz also had their TV series entitled *A Beautiful Affair* that aired in ABS-CBN last October 29, 2012, and ended on January 18, 2013, is also part of their 10th anniversary as love team and the success of *The Mistress*.

## Plot

Architect JD is troubled by his businessman father Rico never really accepting him as his son. Seamstress Sari struggles to take care of her family. The two meet by chance, and JD aggressively pursues Sari's affections. Though the two are clearly a good match, there is a problem standing in the way of their bliss: Sari is the mistress of JD's father. Against his better judgment, JD continues to court Sari even after finding out this difficult fact. He hides his true identity as Rico's son, and fights to win Sari's heart.

Upon their struggles, Rico's wife is dismayed to see Sari. When they travel to the province to deliver their client's barong tagalog, both Sari and JD finally show their true feelings for each other as they watch the wedding ceremony. Despite her relationship with JD's father, Sari finally gives in to JD's feelings and both become romantically involved as they make love.

After their travel, they are found by Rico, who is furious to see his son become close to his mistress. Rico and JD argue, ending in a fistfight as Sari tries to stop them until Rico suffers from a heart attack. At the hospital, JD finally apologizes to his dying father, and Rico appoints his son as the CEO and president, handing over their family business before he dies.

The two part ways in Rico and Sari's house, their love nest, with heavy hearts because they both know they can only love each other when they pretend.

At the end of the movie after JD delivers his speech to his father's employees about his father's life and his business, people applaud him. Then he comes to pass by the shop, stops and watches Sari as she fixes the formal suit she had sewn in the dress shop. The two see each other, make eye contact and flashback to the scene in Tuguegarao where they pretended and thought about the “what ifs”. Sari saw JD before he drove his car away, smiling at each other.

## Cast

## Production

### Background

The film was first announced by Star Cinema in April 2012 through the longest running flagship newscast in the Philippines, TV Patrol, now dubbed as "TV Patrol 25." The film was directed by Olivia Lamasan and will be a John Lloyd Cruz and Bea Alonzo comeback-movie after a two years hiatus. Their on-screen partnership, as in films like *One More Chance* (2007) and *Miss You Like Crazy* (2010), resumes in "The Mistress". The film also celebrates their joint 10th Anniversary in show business. Described as an "imperfect love story," the film features a more daring and mature Alonzo and Cruz.

### Filming

The film was shot on various locations. The Callao Cave in Peñablanca, Cagayan was closed for two days on June 8 and 9 for the shooting of the movie. They also used various locations in the Cagayan province, especially in Tuguegarao City and the Baua Bridge in Gonzaga, Cagayan, while the beach scenes were at the Anguib Beach and "Boracay of the North" in Santa Ana, Cagayan. Release date is September 12, 2012, in theatres nationwide.

### Music

The only song that is being played throughout the film is the hit single "Chasing Cars", written and performed by the Irish/Scottish alternative rock band "Snow Patrol".

## Release

### International screening

Here are some selected international screening dates and venues of *The Mistress*:

| Date | *Country* | Notes/Venue | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 14 | Guam | Micronesia Mall Theaters only |  |
| September 14
October 22 | New Zealand | Auditorium Theater and SkyCity Convention centre only |  |
| September 15 | Europe | Nice, France |  |
| September 21–27 | United States | Select Cities and Theaters only |  |
| September 27 | UAE | Select Theaters only |  |
| | Qatar | Cine Center |  |
| | Bahrain | Seef Cineplex |  |
| September 28 | Canada | Edwards Cerritos Stadium |  |
| | | Select Cities and Theaters only |  |

(*notes*: Please refer to the references links for the exact information for the International Screening of *The Mistress*)

## Reception

### Critical response

*The Mistress* received generally positive reviews.

Philbert Ortiz Dy gave the film 3 out of 5 stars. He stated that *The Mistress* doesn't do a very good job of exploring what it is to be a mistress. It only depicts a few stolen moments from the adulterous relationship, focusing instead on the budding romance between the two younger characters.\[...\]The movie isn't as complex as the premise makes it sound. Though it tackles mature subject matter and plays with Oedipal themes, the film is really much more about the love story than it is about the adultery. He also stated that *The Mistress* can still be quite affecting. Taken away from the larger narrative, the movie is able to build a compelling fantasy that's far more romantic than one would expect and It still makes a compelling case for itself every now and then.

Phillip Cu-Unjieng of The Philippine Star magazine also gave a positive feedback to *The Mistress*. He states that Star Cinema's *The Mistress* is a "superb acting vehicle for both Bea Alonzo and John Lloyd Cruz, proving that even when tackling more mature roles, their chemistry, after a full decade, remains intact." And *The Mistress* has its texture of the screenplay and the sympathetic depth of the characters that make it such an absorbing film.

In a positive response by Maridol Rañoa-Bismark of Yahoo Philippines, *The Mistress* may be a serious film, but it can make moviegoers break into smiles with snippets of humor and “It’s a suspension of disbelief that will amaze even the most rabid mistress hater.”

Mark Angelo Ching and Jocelyn Dimaculangan of PEP also gave a positive response to the film, they stated that, "This movie casts a sympathetic look at someone who agrees to be a kept woman in exchange for a huge debt. But far from glorifying the mistress, the film delves into the heartwrenching pain brought about by being caught in this four-sided love affair."

### Box office

According to Star Cinema's Advertising and Promotions Manager Mico del Rosario, *The Mistress* earned PHP 25 Million on its first day, beating the box-office record set by the other Star Cinema produced movie last year and currently the 3rd highest-grossing film of all time \- *The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin* starring Vice Ganda which only grossed PHP 23.9 Million on its opening day. On its first week, the film grosses in a range of PHP 120 Million - PHP 140 Million pesos. It became the fourth 2012 Filipino film to gross over 100 Million Pesos and ranked as the third local movie of 2012 in span of a week. As of September 23, the film grosses PHP 186,729,040, beating the 2012 top grosser, *ÜnOfficially Yours*, (which stars Angel Locsin and John Lloyd Cruz) that grosses PHP 157,254,200. On its 2nd week of showing, it now holds the #1 spot in the list of top-grossing Filipino film of 2012. As of September 29, 2012, and on its third week, the film grosses over PHP 230 Million, being the third highest grossing Filipino film of all time. As of its third to fourth box-office successor week and October 2, 2012, The film grosses more than PHP 300 Million pesos worldwide (according to Star Cinema), beating with the same genre film *No Other Woman* (whom stars Anne Curtis, Derek Ramsay, and Cristine Reyes) as the second Filipino highest-grossing films of all time.*The Mistress* is now the second highest grossing Filipino film of all time and the biggest local box-office hit this year after it remained the top-grossing movie in the Philippines for a second week in a row.

In contrary to the reports by its own distributor, according to Box Office Mojo, the film grossed only PHP 254 Million only on October 7, 2012, still being the third highest-grossing film in the Philippines. As of its 5th and final week of run, the film's total gross is PHP 262,790,300 Million Pesos, almost surpassed *No Other Woman* with a box-office gross of PHP 278,418,883 Million pesos.

As of 2016, *The Mistress* ranks 1st in highest-grossing film of 2012, and 16th place in all-time highest grossing local film.

## Accolades

List of awards and nominations
| Award | Category | Recipients | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 44th GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Awards (2013) | Most Popular Screenwriter | Olivia Lamasan and Vanessa Valdez | Won |  |
| | Box Office King | John Lloyd Cruz | Won | |
| | Box Office Queen | Bea Alonzo | Won | |
| 61st FAMAS Awards (2013) | Best Picture | *The Mistress* | Nominated |  |
| | Best Director | Olivia Lamasan | Nominated | |
| | Best Actress | Bea Alonzo | Nominated | |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Hilda Koronel | Nominated | |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Ronaldo Valdez | Nominated | |
| | Best Child Actor | Clarence Delgado | Nominated | |
| | Best Screenplay | Vanessa Valdez | Nominated | |
| | Best Cinematography | Hermann Claravall | Nominated | |
| | Best Production Design | Shari Marie Terese E. Montiague | Nominated | |
| | Best Editing | Marya Ignacio | Nominated | |
| | Best Musical Score | Von de Guzman and Jessie Lasaten | Nominated | |
| | Best Sound | Aurel Claro Bilbao | Nominated | |
| 31st Luna Awards (2013) | Best Director | Olivia Lamasan | Won |  |
| | Best Actor | John Lloyd Cruz | Won | |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Ronaldo Valdez | Won | |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Hilda Koronel | Won | |
| | Best Screenplay | Vanessa Valdez | Won | |
| | Best Editing | Marya Ignacio | Won | |
| | Best Picture | *The Mistress* | Nominated |  |
| | Best Actress | Bea Alonzo | | Nominated |
| | Best Cinematography | Herman Claravall | | Nominated |
| | Best Music | Von de Guzman and Jessie Lasaten | | Nominated |
| | Best Sound | Aurel Claro Bilbao | | Nominated |
| Golden Screen Awards (2013) | Best Motion Picture (Drama) | *The Mistress* | Nominated |  |
| | Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Drama) | Bea Alonzo | Nominated | |
| | Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role (Drama) | John Lloyd Cruz | Nominated | |
| | Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role (Drama, Musical or Comedy) | Hilda Koronel | Nominated | |
| | Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role (Drama, Musical or Comedy) | Ronaldo Valdez | Nominated | |
| | Best Director | Olivia Lamasan | Nominated | |
| Star Awards for Movies (2013) | Movie of the Year | *The Mistress* | Nominated |  |
| | Movie Director of the Year | Olivia Lamasan | Nominated | |
| | Movie Actor of the Year | John Lloyd Cruz | Nominated | |
| | Movie Actress of the Year | Bea Alonzo | Nominated | |
| | Movie Supporting Actor of the Year | Ronaldo Valdez | Nominated | |
| | Movie Supporting Actress of the Year | Hilda Koronel | Nominated | |
| | Child Performer of the Year | Clarence Delgado | Nominated | |
| | Movie Screenwriter of the Year | Vanessa Valdez | Nominated | |
| | Movie Cinematographer of the Year | Hermann Claravall | Nominated | |
| | Movie Production Designer of the Year | Shari Marie Terese E. Montiague | Nominated | |
| | Movie Editor of the Year | Marya Ignacio | Nominated | |
| | Movie Musical Scorer of the Year | Von de Guzman and Jessie Lasaten | Nominated | |
| | Movie Sound Engineer of the Year | Aurel Claro Bilbao | Nominated | |
|

## InfoBox

| The Mistress | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical movie poster | |
| Directed by | Olivia Lamasan |
| Screenplay by | Vanessa Valdez |
| Story by | * Vanessa Valdez * Olivia Lamasan |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Hermann Claravall |
| Edited by | Marya Ignacio |
| Music by | * Von de Guzman * Jessie Lasaten |
| Production
company | Star Cinema |
| Release date | * September 12, 2012 (2012-09-12) |
| Running time | 125 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Languages | * Filipino * English |
| Box office | ₱262.82 million |


title: Paranga, Tanzania

abstract: Paranga is an administrative ward in the Chemba District of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 13,365 people in the ward, from 12,297 in 2012.

text:
# Paranga, Tanzania

**Paranga** is an administrative ward in the Chemba District of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 13,365 people in the ward, from 12,297 in 2012.

## InfoBox

| Paranga Kata ya Paranga | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward | |
| ParangaLocation of Paranga | |
| Coordinates: 5°10′42″S 35°51′47″E / 5.17844675°S 35.863154°E / -5.17844675; 35.863154 | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Region | Dodoma Region |
| District | Chemba District |
| Ward | Paranga |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 13,365 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |


title: Tooronga Village

abstract: Tooronga Village is a residential, office and retail centre in the suburb of Glen Iris in Melbourne, the capital of the Australian state of Victoria. It formerly referred solely to a shopping centre, which temporarily closed in March 2008. The mixed-use redevelopment by Stockland covers the former shopping centre site and part of the adjacent former brickworks site. The redeveloped shopping centre re-opened in August 2010 and now has 22 shops, cafes and restaurants in addition to anchor tenants Coles Supermarkets and 1st Choice Liquor Superstore.

text:
# Tooronga Village

**Tooronga Village** is a residential, office and retail centre in the suburb of Glen Iris in Melbourne, the capital of the Australian state of Victoria.

It formerly referred solely to a shopping centre, which temporarily closed in March 2008. The mixed-use redevelopment by Stockland covers the former shopping centre site and part of the adjacent former brickworks site. The redeveloped shopping centre re-opened in August 2010 and now has 22 shops, cafes and restaurants in addition to anchor tenants Coles Supermarkets and 1st Choice Liquor Superstore.

## Background

The shopping centre dated back to the 1960s (Coles traded there from 1968) but there was little development of the centre since the 1970s. In December 1985, developers Hudson Conway paid $1.25m for the adjacent former brickworks, despite a proposed open-space order on the site approved by the former Hawthorn Council ten years prior. Hudson Conway proposed extending the shopping centre into the brickworks site, substantially expanding the centre and including a discount department store. By 1990, Hudson Conway had varied its proposal several times to include potential combinations of a commercial centre, offices and hotel blocks. The proposals met with substantial local opposition led by the Tooronga Action Group, and anti-development candidates were voted into Hawthorn Council. In 1991 a site-specific development zone was designated for the site, which allowed for more modest development comprising an office complex on the existing shopping centre site, and retail space on the former brickworks site.

Hudson Conway failed to develop the site, and sold its half of the shopping centre site to Coles Myer in 1995. Pacific Shopping Centres subsequently sold its 50% share to Coles Myer in 1997. In 2000, Coles Myer, which had opened its head office on land immediately adjacent in 1986, had plans for a major retail and entertainment development of the precinct but never proceeded with them. Finally, developers Stockland agreed in 2004 to purchase the site from Coles Myer (subject to planning approval) for $30m and proceeded with plans for a mixed-use development, comprising residential, retail and office use. The Victorian State Government upset local residents by taking planning control away from Boroondara Council and approving the project.

In addition to a redeveloped shopping centre of 8,000 sq.m., the overall development intended in five stages over five to seven years was originally planned to have 600 townhouses and apartments (later expanded to 785 apartments) plus office space (4,000 sq.m.) and provide some parking for the adjacent Coles head office. The development works caused minor controversy in November 2008 with the revelation that drinking water was being used in large quantity across the site to suppress dust. By June 2009, economic circumstances had led the developer to opt for a greater number of less expensive apartments. By June 2010, 297 apartments were planned for the first stage of development, with a plan to expand to 785 apartments over five stages. The car servicing franchise Ultra Tune planned to relocate its head office to the precinct.

In December 2011, Stockland abandoned the remaining residential stages of the development, in line with its general exit from the apartment sector, opting instead to sell 7.7 hectares of the undeveloped land back to Coles. In late 2013, Coles sold 5.4 hectares of this vacant land to St Kevin's College (unconfirmed at $23 million) for the purpose of sporting facilities, including three soccer pitches, a hockey pitch, Australian Rules oval, 12 tennis courts and 200 metre athletics track. This facility opened on the 17 June 2017.

In March 2019, Stockland stated its intention to sell Tooronga Village shopping centre and in July 2019, Newmark Capital announced it had purchased the centre, for a figure reported to be in excess of $62 million.

37°50′46″S 145°2′44″E / 37.84611°S 145.04556°E / -37.84611; 145.04556

## InfoBox

Tooronga Village Shopping Centre
| Tooronga Village front entryway, 2021 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Glen Iris, Victoria, Australia |
| No. of stores and services | 29 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 2 |


title: New Jersey's 35th legislative district

abstract: New Jersey's 35th legislative district is one of 40 districts that make up the map for the New Jersey Legislature. It encompasses the Bergen County municipalities of Elmwood Park and Garfield and the Passaic County municipalities of Haledon, North Haledon, Paterson, and Prospect Park.

text:
# New Jersey's 35th legislative district

New Jersey's **35th legislative district** is one of 40 districts that make up the map for the New Jersey Legislature. It encompasses the Bergen County municipalities of Elmwood Park and Garfield and the Passaic County municipalities of Haledon, North Haledon, Paterson, and Prospect Park.

## Demographic information

As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 238,160, of whom 179,831 (75.5%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 64,563 (27.1%) White, 46,103 (19.4%) African American, 2,962 (1.2%) Native American, 12,901 (5.4%) Asian, 96 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 79,289 (33.3%) from some other race, and 32,246 (13.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 126,899 (53.3%) of the population.

The district had 132,960 registered voters as of December 1, 2023, of whom 62,260 (46.8%) were registered as Democrats, 51,875 (39.0%) were registered as unaffiliated, 16,560 (12.5%) were registered as Republicans, and 2,265 (1.7%) were registered to other parties.

## Political representation

For the 2024-2025 session, the 35th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nellie Pou (, North Haledon) and in the General Assembly by Shavonda E. Sumter (D, Paterson) and Benjie Wimberly (D, Paterson).

The legislative district is located entirely within New Jersey's 9th congressional district congressional district.

## Apportionment history

The 35th district has been based around Paterson since its creation in 1973. The 1973 through 1981 version of the district included Paterson, Prospect Park, Hawthorne, and North Haledon. A slight shift in the district occurred in the 1981 redistricting when North Haledon was removed, and Haledon and Elmwood Park were added. West Paterson was added and North Haledon was re-added to the district in the 1991 redistricting. In the 2001 redistricting, West Paterson swapped places with Totowa and Bergen County borough Glen Rock was added.

## Election history

| Session | Senate | General Assembly | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1974–1975 | Frank Davenport (R) | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | William H. Hicks (D) |
| 1976–1977 | | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | Ronald Fava (R) |
| 1978–1979 | Frank X. Graves Jr. (D) | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| 1980–1981 | | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| 1982–1983 | Frank X. Graves Jr. (D) | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| 1984–1985 | Frank X. Graves Jr. (D) | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| 1986–1987 | | Vincent O. Pellecchia (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| 1988–1989 | Frank X. Graves Jr. (D) | Bill Pascrell (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| 1990–1991 | | Bill Pascrell (D) | John Girgenti (D) |
| | | John Girgenti (D) | Cyril Yannarelli (D) |
| | | Frank Catania (R) |
| 1992–1993 | John Girgenti (D) | Bill Pascrell (D) | Frank Catania (R) |
| 1994–1995 | John Girgenti (D) | Bill Pascrell (D) | Frank Catania (R) |
| | | | Donald Hayden (R) |
| 1996–1997 | | Bill Pascrell (D) | Alfred E. Steele (D) |
| | | | Nellie Pou (D) |
| 1998–1999 | John Girgenti (D) | Nellie Pou (D) | Alfred E. Steele (D) |
| 2000–2001 | | Nellie Pou (D) | Alfred E. Steele (D) |
| 2002–2003 | John Girgenti (D) | Nellie Pou (D) | Alfred E. Steele (D) |
| 2004–2005 | John Girgenti (D) | Nellie Pou (D) | Alfred E. Steele (D) |
| 2006–2007 | | Nellie Pou (D) | Alfred E. Steele (D) |
| | | Elease Evans (D) |
| 2008–2009 | John Girgenti (D) | Nellie Pou (D) | Elease Evans (D) |
| 2010–2011 | | Nellie Pou (D) | Elease Evans (D) |
| 2012–2013 | Nellie Pou (D) | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |
| 2014–2015 | Nellie Pou (D) | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |
| 2016–2017 | | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |
| 2018–2019 | Nellie Pou (D) | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |
| 2020–2021 | | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |
| 2022–2023 | Nellie Pou (D) | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |
| 2024–2025 | Nellie Pou (D) | Benjie E. Wimberly (D) | Shavonda E. Sumter (D) |

## Election results

### Senate

2021 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nelida Pou** | **20,464** | **68.6** | **10.4** |
|  | Republican | Kenneth Pengitore | 9,372 | 31.4 | 10.4 |
| Total votes | | | **29,836** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nelida Pou** | **21,425** | **79.0** | **4.9** |
|  | Republican | Marwan Sholakh | 5,698 | 21.0 | 4.9 |
| Total votes | | | **27,123** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2013
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **22,154** | **74.1** | **0.6** |
|  | Republican | Lynda Gallashaw | 7,737 | 25.9 | 0.6 |
| Total votes | | | **29,891** | **100.0** |  |

2011 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **14,386** | **74.7** |
|  | Republican | Ken Pengitore | 4,867 | 25.3 |
| Total votes | | | **19,253** | **100.0** |

2007 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **14,265** | **100.0** | **31.4** |
| Total votes | | | **14,265** | **100.0** |  |

2003 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **16,243** | **68.6** | **31.4** |
|  | Republican | David R. Troast | 7,434 | 31.4 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **23,677** | **100.0** |  |

2001 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **25,844** | **100.0** |
| Total votes | | | **25,844** | **100.0** |

1997 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **24,552** | **69.8** | **3.3** |
|  | Republican | Brian A. Duncan | 10,644 | 30.2 | 1.9 |
| Total votes | | | **35,196** | **100.0** |  |

1993 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **21,836** | **66.5** | **13.3** |
|  | Republican | Beltran Lopez | 10,550 | 32.1 | 14.7 |
|  | Independent | Vijay “Viji” Sargis | 442 | 1.3 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **32,828** | **100.0** |  |

1991 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **15,859** | **53.2** |
|  | Republican | Lawrence (Pat) Kramer | 13,965 | 46.8 |
| Total votes | | | **29,824** | **100.0** |

Special election, 1990
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **15,454** | **100.0** | **0.0** |
| Total votes | | | **15,454** | **100.0** |  |

1987 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Frank X. Graves Jr.** | **21,793** | **100.0** | **25.7** |
| Total votes | | | **21,793** | **100.0** |  |

1983 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Frank X. Graves Jr.** | **23,646** | **74.3** | **0.3** |
|  | Republican | Richard Fontanella | 8,161 | 25.7 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | | | **31,807** | **100.0** |  |

1981 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Frank X. Graves Jr.** | **28,439** | **74.6** |
|  | Republican | Frank E. Gorman | 9,693 | 25.4 |
| Total votes | | | **38,132** | **100.0** |

1977 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Frank X. Graves Jr.** | **17,005** | **56.2** | **6.3** |
|  | Republican | Alfred Fontanella | 12,193 | 40.3 | 9.8 |
|  | Tax Revolt Independent | Joseph S. Long | 547 | 1.8 | *N/A* |
|  | Independent Progressive Conservative | Roy L. Ward | 500 | 1.7 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **30,245** | **100.0** |  |

1973 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Frank Davenport** | **16,919** | **50.14** |
|  | Democratic | Joseph A. Lazzara | 16,826 | 49.86 |
| Total votes | | | **33,745** | **100.0** |

### General Assembly

2021 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Benjie E. Wimberly** | **20,276** | **34.6** | **8.9** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shavonda Sumter** | **20,235** | **34.5** | **8.9** |
|  | Republican | Ramzy Yamisha | 9,166 | 15.6 | 2.5 |
|  | Republican | Iman Majagah | 8,990 | 15.3 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **58,667** | **100.0** |  |

2019 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Benjie E. Wimberly** | **14,089** | **43.5** | **3.5** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shavonda E. Sumter** | **14,033** | **43.4** | **3.6** |
|  | Republican | Tamer Mamkej | 4,241 | 13.1 | 2.9 |
| Total votes | | | **32,363** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Benjie E. Wimberly** | **21,406** | **40.0** | **3.6** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shavonda E. Sumter** | **21,275** | **39.8** | **3.4** |
|  | Republican | Ibrahim Mahmoud | 5,435 | 10.2 | 3.6 |
|  | Republican | Nihad Younes | 5,366 | 10.0 | 3.3 |
| Total votes | | | **53,482** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2015
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Benjie E. Wimberly** | **11,905** | **36.4** | **0.3** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shavonda E. Sumter** | **11,904** | **36.4** | **0.4** |
|  | Republican | David Jimenez | 4,522 | 13.8 | 0.0 |
|  | Republican | Ilia Villanueva | 4,333 | 13.3 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | | | **32,664** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2013
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Benjie E. Wimberly** | **21,195** | **36.7** | **0.1** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shavonda E. Sumter** | **20,791** | **36.0** | **0.3** |
|  | Republican | Rhina Tavarez | 7,968 | 13.8 | 0.1 |
|  | Republican | Maria del Pilar Rivas | 7,828 | 13.5 | 0.1 |
| Total votes | | | **57,782** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2011
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Benjie E. Wimberly** | **13,551** | **36.8** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shavonda E. Sumter** | **13,143** | **35.7** |
|  | Republican | Donna Puglisi | 5,114 | 13.9 |
|  | Republican | William A. Connolly | 5,020 | 13.6 |
| Total votes | | | **36,828** | **100.0** |

New Jersey general election, 2009
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **22,148** | **32.4** | **6.5** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Elease Evans** | **21,637** | **31.7** | **7.1** |
|  | Republican | Lynn Anne Shortway | 12,488 | 18.3 | 3.9 |
|  | Republican | George Sawey | 11,993 | 17.6 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **68,266** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2007
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **11,784** | **38.9** | **4.6** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Elease Evans** | **11,749** | **38.8** | **4.0** |
|  | Republican | Chauncey I. Brown III | 6,730 | 22.2 | 6.8 |
| Total votes | | | **30,263** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2005
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alfred Steele** | **23,747** | **34.8** | **2.0** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **23,372** | **34.3** | **2.4** |
|  | Republican | Deborah Shortway | 10,477 | 15.4 | 2.7 |
|  | Republican | Rinaldo M. D'Argenio | 10,397 | 15.2 | 2.0 |
|  | Libertarian | Louis R. Jasikoff | 191 | 0.3 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **68,184** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2003
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alfred Steele** | **14,658** | **32.8** | **18.4** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **14,299** | **31.9** | **16.9** |
|  | Republican | Kenneth N. Del Vecchio Jr | 8,120 | 18.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Republican | Thomas F.X. Magura | 7,680 | 17.2 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **44,757** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 2001
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alfred E. Steele** | **24,880** | **51.2** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **23,728** | **48.8** |
| Total votes | | | **48,608** | **100.0** |

New Jersey general election, 1999
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alfred Steele** | **14,223** | **33.4** | **2.2** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **13,902** | **32.6** | **3.0** |
|  | Republican | William A. DeStefano | 7,424 | 17.4 | 2.4 |
|  | Republican | Belinda A. Lanier | 7,032 | 16.5 | 2.9 |
| Total votes | | | **42,581** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1997
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alfred Steele** | **23,253** | **31.2** | **4.6** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nellie Pou** | **22,112** | **29.6** | **3.7** |
|  | Republican | Karole A. Graves | 14,785 | 19.8 | 1.8 |
|  | Republican | Frank Catania, Jr. | 14,465 | 19.4 | 0.9 |
| Total votes | | | **74,615** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1995
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **William J. Pascrell, Jr.** | **17,400** | **33.3** | **1.9** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Rev. Alfred E. Steele** | **13,868** | **26.6** | **3.8** |
|  | Republican | Donald Hayden | 11,267 | 21.6 | 3.9 |
|  | Republican | Dennis Gonzalez | 9,685 | 18.5 | 2.6 |
| Total votes | | | **52,220** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1993
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **William J. Pascrell, Jr.** | **21,698** | **31.4** | **2.6** |
|  | **Republican** | **Frank Catania** | **17,657** | **25.5** | **0.8** |
|  | Democratic | Alfred Steele | 15,745 | 22.8 | 0.8 |
|  | Republican | Harvey Nutter | 10,999 | 15.9 | 7.0 |
|  | Unified Independents | Anna N. Taliaferro | 1,568 | 2.3 | *N/A* |
|  | Time for Change | James A. Davis, Jr. | 1,531 | 2.2 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **69,198** | **100.0** |  |

1991 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **William J. Pascrell, Jr.** | **17,394** | **28.8** |
|  | **Republican** | **Frank Catania** | **14,894** | **24.7** |
|  | Democratic | Eli M. Burgos | 14,266 | 23.6 |
|  | Republican | Martin G. Barnes | 13,848 | 22.9 |
| Total votes | | | **60,402** | **100.0** |

Special election, 1990
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Frank Catania** | **13,591** | **56.1** |
|  | Democratic | Cyril R. Yannarelli | 10,633 | 43.9 |
| Total votes | | | **24,224** | **100.0** |

1989 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **24,359** | **37.0** | **1.4** |
|  | **Democratic** | **William J. Pascrell, Jr.** | **23,633** | **35.9** | **1.6** |
|  | Republican | Joaquin Calcines, Jr. | 9,093 | 13.8 | 2.8 |
|  | Republican | Jose L. Moore | 8,707 | 13.2 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | | | **65,792** | **100.0** |  |

1987 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **18,345** | **35.6** | **5.4** |
|  | **Democratic** | **William J. Pascrell, Jr.** | **17,670** | **34.3** | **8.0** |
|  | Republican | Martin G. Barnes | 8,546 | 16.6 | 5.3 |
|  | Republican | Robert Angele | 6,955 | 13.5 | 8.1 |
| Total votes | | | **51,516** | **100.0** |  |

1985 New Jersey general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **18,634** | **30.2** | **7.4** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **16,204** | **26.3** | **8.8** |
|  | Republican | Walter W. Porter, Jr. | 13,538 | 21.9 | 8.0 |
|  | Republican | Kenneth Van Rye | 13,352 | 21.6 | 8.2 |
| Total votes | | | **61,728** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1983
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **21,927** | **37.6** | **2.7** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **20,497** | **35.1** | **2.6** |
|  | Republican | Walter W. Garner III | 8,088 | 13.9 | 3.4 |
|  | Republican | Norman E. Smith | 7,804 | 13.4 | 1.9 |
| Total votes | | | **58,316** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1981
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **25,361** | **34.9** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **23,575** | **32.5** |
|  | Republican | Fred Burgos | 12,580 | 17.3 |
|  | Republican | Russell P. Meneve | 11,087 | 15.3 |
| Total votes | | | **72,603** | **100.0** |

New Jersey general election, 1979
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **12,763** | **30.2** | **3.7** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **11,595** | **27.4** | **0.6** |
|  | Republican | Fred Burgos | 9,051 | 21.4 | 3.3 |
|  | Republican | Frank S. Campana | 8,433 | 19.9 | 0.9 |
|  | Socialist Labor | Madonna Rabel | 446 | 1.1 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **42,288** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1977
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **15,616** | **28.0** | **3.8** |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Girgenti** | **14,774** | **26.5** | **6.7** |
|  | Republican | Ronald Fava | 13,768 | 24.7 | 3.3 |
|  | Republican | Henry Ramer | 11,624 | 20.8 | 1.0 |
| Total votes | | | **55,782** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1975
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Ronald Fava** | **14,676** | **28.0** | **5.4** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **12,686** | **24.2** | **3.7** |
|  | Republican | Ralph E. Fasse | 11,411 | 21.8 | 0.5 |
|  | Democratic | William H. Hicks | 10,386 | 19.8 | 7.4 |
|  | Tax Revolt | Joseph Samuel Long | 1,937 | 3.7 | *N/A* |
|  | Tax Revolt | Enrico R. Orlando | 1,329 | 2.5 | *N/A* |
| Total votes | | | **52,425** | **100.0** |  |

New Jersey general election, 1973
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Vincent O. Pellecchia** | **17,548** | **27.9** |
|  | **Democratic** | **William H. Hicks** | **17,144** | **27.2** |
|  | Republican | Alfred Fontanella | 14,238 | 22.6 |
|  | Republican | Marian M. Rauschenbach | 14,049 | 22.3 |
| Total votes | | | **62,979** | **100.0** |

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## InfoBox

| New Jersey's 35th legislative district | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senator | Nellie Pou () |
| Assembly members | Shavonda E. Sumter (D)<br>Benjie E. Wimberly (D) |
| Registration |  |
| Demographics |  |
| Population | 238,160 |
| Voting-age population | 179,831 |
| Registered voters | 132,960 |


title: Herz-Jesu-Kirche, Mainz

abstract: The Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche is a Neo-Gothic hall church located in the borough Mombach of the German city of Mainz. It is dedicated to the Sacred Heart. The church calendar of 1911 says: The name "Sacred Heart Church" originated from the idea to honour the memory of the great social bishop von Ketteler, who throughout his life was a pious and zealous admirer of the Sacred Heart, in his hundredth year of birth.

text:
# Herz-Jesu-Kirche, Mainz

The Catholic **Herz-Jesu-Kirche** (Church of the Sacred Heart) is a Neo-Gothic hall church located in the borough Mombach of the German city of Mainz. It is dedicated to the Sacred Heart. The church calendar of 1911 says: The name "Sacred Heart Church" originated from the idea to honour the memory of the great social bishop von Ketteler, who throughout his life was a pious and zealous admirer of the Sacred Heart, in his hundredth year of birth.

## History

The *Herz-Jesu-Kirche* was built by Ludwig Becker in Gothic Revival architecture as a memorial of Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler in the largest working class district of Mainz. Constructive works began 9 August 1911, but were interrupted by the First World War. The Bishop of Mainz, Georg Heinrich Kirstein, laid the first stone. The work was previously completed 28 September 1913 for the choir.

Planned as a basilica with a façade flank tower, only the choir, transept and Ketteler memorial chapel were built. Neo-Late Gothic, picturesquely grouped plaster building with divisions in red sandstone. The church presents a polygonal choir with varied side choirs. Above the crossing is an eight-sided ridge turret with an idiosyncratically shaped copper pointed helmet with a crowning figure of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Tracery window. The clear spatial effect of the light-filled interior is characterised by net and star vaults above clustered pillars. Good stonemasonry work by Hans Steinheim and Josef Neumann, Eltville. South of the choir, representative sacristy building with stair tower. The sacred building, dominating the townscape, is typical of the late historian Becker's striving for monumentality of appearance. Its originality is expressed in the fusion of various historical models and their individual reformulation.

The stained glass windows were created by Alois Plum. After the backup and restoration of the choir in 2001, the choir was painted by Vitus Wurmdobler.

In 1969/70 north-side extension with community rooms and redesign of the choir room. The modern glass windows by Alois Blum, Mainz, impress especially in contrast with the equally high-quality neo-Gothic style. The Ketteler memorial chapel has a ceiling; it is worth climbing the spiral staircase, as the room above surprises with its height.

Since the nave with its large tower was not built, the choir with its transept lacked an abutment. Securing the ring anchors was therefore necessary in 1999/2001. In the course of this renovation, the choir room was painted by Vitus Wurmdobler, Erbes Büdesheim. A design which, according to the church's monument preservation department, is unique in its kind. So it is not surprising that it was discussed controversial. The large abstract wooden cross of cubes and ashlars, originally by Alois Plum, was given a corpus with a baroque corona later. The replacement of the earlier original fluorescent tube lamps by modern "Mikado" incandescent wheel lamps is also worth a look. Since 2011, a 16-part Stations of the Cross has been impressive. Carved by the Mombacher citizen Jupp Schmitt from the wood of a lime tree that stood in the parish garden of St. Nilolaus.

1. Herz Jesu Kirche Archived 2018-08-31 at the Wayback Machine in the parish of St. Nikolaus, retrieved 1 January 2017

50°01′19″N 8°13′42″E / 50.0220°N 8.2283°E / 50.0220; 8.2283


title: Hidden Tibet

abstract: Hidden Tibet: History of Independence and Occupation is a book written by Sergius L. Kuzmin, a specialist of amphibians and history of Mongolia and Tibet, Dr.Sc.(Hist.) and Ph.D.(Biol.) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr.Sc.(H.C.) of the Institute of History and Archeology of Mongolian Academy of Sciences and published in 2010 by A. Terentyev publishing house, with the support of the International Campaign for Tibet. The book is devoted to the political history of Tibet. Its central thesis is that historical facts demonstrate that throughout its history, Tibet has never been an integral part of China. Presentation of the book was held on March 10, 2010, at the Institute for the regional press. At the presentation of the English edition of the book, which was held on April 10, 2012, in Dharamshala, Tibetan Prime Minister Lobsang Sangay delivered a speech. On October 14, 2016, Sergey Kuzmin was awarded a degree of honorary doctor of the Institute of History and Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia for his significant contribution to the study of the history of Mongolia and the development of Mongolian studies. In 2017 he received the degree of doctor of historical sciences at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.

text:
# Hidden Tibet

***Hidden Tibet: History of Independence and Occupation*** is a book written by Sergius L. Kuzmin, a specialist of amphibians and history of Mongolia and Tibet, Dr.Sc.(Hist.) and Ph.D.(Biol.) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr.Sc.(H.C.) of the Institute of History and Archeology of Mongolian Academy of Sciences and published in 2010 by A. Terentyev publishing house, with the support of the International Campaign for Tibet.

The book is devoted to the political history of Tibet. Its central thesis is that historical facts demonstrate that throughout its history, Tibet has never been an integral part of China.

Presentation of the book was held on March 10, 2010, at the Institute for the regional press. At the presentation of the English edition of the book, which was held on April 10, 2012, in Dharamshala, Tibetan Prime Minister Lobsang Sangay delivered a speech.

On October 14, 2016, Sergey Kuzmin was awarded a degree of honorary doctor of the Institute of History and Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia for his significant contribution to the study of the history of Mongolia and the development of Mongolian studies. In 2017 he received the degree of doctor of historical sciences at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.


title: Gopal R

abstract: Lieutenant General R Gopal, UYSM, AVSM, SM is a serving General Officer in the Indian Army. He retired as the Quarter Master General of the Indian Army. Previously, he commanded III Corps.

text:
# Gopal R

Lieutenant General **R Gopal**, UYSM, AVSM, SM is a serving General Officer in the Indian Army. He retired as the Quarter Master General of the Indian Army. Previously, he commanded III Corps.

## Early life and education

He is an alumnus of Higher Command Course at Defence Services Staff College, Wellington; and National Defence Course Course at National Defence College, Delhi.

## Career

He was commissioned into 8 Gorkha Rifles. He has extensive experience in Northeast India. He has held numerous commands including an infantry battalion on the Siachen Glacier; a Mountain Brigade and an Assam Rifles range in South Assam. He was also one of the founding members of the Defence Command and Staff College at Botswana.

During his career, he has been awarded the Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal and the Sena Medal for his service.

## Honours and decorations

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |

| Uttam Yudh Seva Medal | | Ati Vishisht Seva Medal | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sena Medal | Samanya Seva Medal | Special Service Medal | Siachen Glacier Medal |
| Operation Parakram Medal | Sainya Seva Medal | High Altitude Service Medal | Videsh Seva Medal |
| 50th Anniversary of Independence Medal | 30 Years Long Service Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal |

## InfoBox

| Lieutenant General
R Gopal
UYSM, AVSM, SM | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Allegiance | India |
| Service/branch | Indian Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Unit | 8 Gorkha Rifles |
| Commands | III Corps |
| Awards | Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Sena Medal |


title: Kitāb al-bayṭara

abstract: The Kitāb al-bayṭara is a 12th-century Arabic treatise on horse medicine by Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Aḥnaf.

text:
# Kitāb al-bayṭara

The ***Kitāb al-bayṭara*** (Arabic: كتاب البيطرة, "Book of Farriery" or "Book of Hippiatrics") is a 12th-century Arabic treatise on horse medicine by Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Aḥnaf.

## Sources

The *Kitāb al-bayṭara* is based on a Greek work on the grooming and veterinary treatment of horses entitled *Hippiatrica*. The style of the two known manuscripts is characteristic of the pictorial tradition in Upper Mesopotamia, northern Iraq, and southeastern Anatolia at that time, with its frameless figures on a blank background.

## Manuscripts

Two illustrated manuscripts of the text are known, produced by the same artist, ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan ibn Hibatallāh, dating to 1209 (Cairo, Egyptian National Library and Archives, Khalil Agha F8) and 1210 (Istanbul, Topkapı Library, TSMK, A. 2115) are known.

The 1209 copy manuscript is dated to 1209 through its colophon; the colophon also indicates that it was produced in Baghdad. It is the only pre-Mongol illustrated manuscript whose place of production is securely attributed to Baghdad, which makes it a key work in trying to define a "Baghdad School" of illustrated manuscripts before the Mongol Siege of Baghdad in 1258. The manuscript depicts horse-riders who wear the Turkic *sharbūsh* headgear.

The 1210 copy does not mention Baghdad, but is considered a copy of the 1209 manuscript, made by the same calligrapher.

The *Kitāb al-bayṭara* has been used as an artistic reference to try to attribute a famous 1237 CE *Maqāmāt al-Ḥarīrī* manuscript (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Arabe 5847) to Baghdad as well. The attempt is based on a certain level of artistic similarity, but this attribution remains uncertain, and the place of production of the BNF Arabe 5847 remains unsure and it can only said to have been made between Syria and Iraq.

Another illustrated manuscript which is tentatively attributed to pre-Mongol Baghdad is the dispersed 1224 *Dioscorides* (*De Materia Medica* 1224). Here again, attribution to Baghdad remains tentative, and a more cautious attribution, such as "Iraq or Northern Jazira, possibly Baghdad" is often preferred.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Kitāb al-bayṭara
| Grooming a horse, Kitab al-baytara 2010, Topkapi Museum. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Aḥnaf |
| Original title | *كتاب البيطرة* |
| Illustrator | ʿAlī ibn Ḥasan ibn Hibatallāh |
| Language | Arabic |
| Subject | Horse medicine |
| Genre | Treatise |
| Published | 12th century |
| Media type | Manuscript |


title: Harami (candlestick pattern)

abstract: Harami is a type of Japanese candlestick pattern represented by two bodies, the first of them, larger, with black or red body and the second one, white or green. Its name derives from the Japanese word that means “pregnant” because the graphic that shows resembles a pregnant woman. Generally, the Harami pattern candlestick shows a changing trend. Like other Japanese patterns it too can be bullish or bearish. A bearish harami is a two bar Japanese candlestick pattern that suggests prices may soon reverse to the downside.

text:
# Harami (candlestick pattern)

**Harami** is a type of Japanese candlestick pattern represented by two bodies, the first of them, larger, with black or red body and the second one, white or green. Its name derives from the Japanese word that means “pregnant” because the graphic that shows resembles a pregnant woman. Generally, the Harami pattern candlestick shows a changing trend. Like other Japanese patterns it too can be bullish or bearish.

A bearish harami is a two bar Japanese candlestick pattern that suggests prices may soon reverse to the downside.


title: The Nature of the Beast (1919 film)

abstract: The Nature of the Beast is a 1919 British silent drama film directed by Cecil M. Hepworth and starring Alma Taylor, Gerald Ames and James Carew. The screenplay concerns a Belgian refugee who marries a British aircraft manufacturer. It was based on a 1918 novel of the same title by E. Temple Thurston.

text:
# The Nature of the Beast (1919 film)

***The Nature of the Beast*** is a 1919 British silent drama film directed by Cecil M. Hepworth and starring Alma Taylor, Gerald Ames and James Carew. The screenplay concerns a Belgian refugee who marries a British aircraft manufacturer. It was based on a 1918 novel of the same title by E. Temple Thurston.

## Plot summary

During the First World War, a Belgian refugee marries a British aircraft manufacturer, but a former German enemy tries to force her to give over secret documents.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Palmer, Scott. *British Film Actors' Credits, 1895-1987*. McFarland, 1988.

## InfoBox

| The Nature of the Beast | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Cecil M. Hepworth |
| Written by | E. Temple Thurston |
| Produced by | Cecil M. Hepworth |
| Starring |  |
| Production<br>company | Hepworth Pictures |
| Distributed by | Butcher's Film Service |
| Release date | * June 1919 (1919-06) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Languages |  |


title: Jacques Charles

abstract:
Jacques Alexandre César Charles was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist.
Charles wrote almost nothing about mathematics, and most of what has been credited to him was due to mistaking him with another Jacques Charles, also a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, entering on 12 May 1785. Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first hydrogen-filled gas balloon August 27, 1783; then December 1, 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet in a piloted gas balloon. Their pioneering use of hydrogen for lift led to this type of gas balloon being named a Charlière. Charles's law, describing how gases tend to expand when heated, was formulated by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he credited it to unpublished work by Charles. Charles was elected to the Académie des Sciences in 1795 and subsequently became professor of physics at the Académie de Sciences.

text:
# Jacques Charles

**Jacques Alexandre César Charles** (12 November 1746 – 7 April 1823) was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. Charles wrote almost nothing about mathematics, and most of what has been credited to him was due to mistaking him with another Jacques Charles (sometimes called Charles the Geometer), also a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, entering on 12 May 1785.

Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first hydrogen-filled gas balloon August 27, 1783; then December 1, 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 m) in a piloted gas balloon. Their pioneering use of hydrogen for lift led to this type of gas balloon being named a *Charlière* (as opposed to the hot-air Montgolfière).

Charles's law, describing how gases tend to expand when heated, was formulated by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he credited it to unpublished work by Charles.

Charles was elected to the Académie des Sciences in 1795 and subsequently became professor of physics at the Académie de Sciences.

## Biography

Charles was born in Beaugency-sur-Loire in 1746. He married Julie Françoise Bouchaud des Hérettes (1784–1817), a creole woman 37 years younger than himself. Reportedly the poet Alphonse de Lamartine also fell in love with her, and she was the inspiration for *Elvire* in his 1820 autobiographical *Poetic Meditation* "Le Lac" ("The Lake"), which describes in retrospect the fervent love shared by a couple from the point of view of the bereaved man. Charles outlived her and died in Paris on 7 April 1823.

## Hydrogen balloon flights

### First hydrogen balloon

Charles conceived the idea that hydrogen would be a suitable lifting agent for balloons having studied the work of Robert Boyle's *Boyle's Law* which was published 100 years earlier in 1662, and of his contemporaries Henry Cavendish, Joseph Black and Tiberius Cavallo. He designed the craft and then worked in conjunction with the Robert brothers, Anne-Jean and Nicolas-Louis, to build it in their workshop at the *Place des Victoires* in Paris. The brothers invented the methodology for the lightweight, airtight gas bag by dissolving rubber in a solution of turpentine and varnished the sheets of silk that were stitched together to make the main envelope. They used alternate strips of red and white silk, but the discolouration of the varnishing/rubberising process left a red and yellow result.

Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first hydrogen filled balloon on 27 August 1783, from the Champ de Mars, (now the site of the Eiffel Tower) where Ben Franklin was among the crowd of onlookers. The balloon was comparatively small, a 35 cubic metre sphere of rubberised silk, and only capable of lifting about 9 kg (20 lb). It was filled with hydrogen that had been made by pouring nearly a quarter of a tonne of sulphuric acid onto a half a tonne of scrap iron. The hydrogen gas was fed into the balloon via lead pipes; but as it was not passed through cold water, great difficulty was experienced in filling the balloon completely (the gas was hot when produced, but as it cooled in the balloon, it contracted). Daily progress bulletins were issued on the inflation; and the crowd was so great that on the 26th the balloon was moved secretly by night to the Champ de Mars, a distance of four kilometres.

The balloon flew northwards for 45 minutes, pursued by chasers on horseback, and landed 21 kilometers away in the village of Gonesse where the reportedly terrified local peasants destroyed it with pitchforks or knives. The project was funded by a subscription organised by Barthelemy Faujas de Saint-Fond.

### First crewed hydrogen balloon flight

At 13:45 (1:45 PM) on 1 December 1783, Charles and the Robert brothers launched a new crewed balloon from the Jardin des Tuileries in Paris. Charles was accompanied by Nicolas-Louis Robert as co-pilot of the 380-cubic-metre, hydrogen-filled balloon. The envelope was fitted with a hydrogen release valve and was covered with a net from which the basket was suspended. Sand ballast was used to control altitude. They ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 m) and landed at sunset in Nesles-la-Vallée after a 2-hour, 5-minute flight covering 36 km. The chasers on horseback, who were led by the Duc de Chartres, held down the craft while both Charles and Nicolas-Louis alighted.

Charles then decided to ascend again, but alone this time because the balloon had lost some of its hydrogen. This time it ascended rapidly to an altitude of about 3,000 metres, where he saw the sun again. He began suffering from aching pain in his ears so he "valved" to release gas, and descended to land gently about 3 km away at Tour du Lay. Unlike the Robert brothers, Charles never flew again, although a hydrogen balloon came to be called a *Charlière* in his honour.

It is reported that 400,000 spectators witnessed the launch, and that hundreds had paid one crown each to help finance the construction and receive access to a "special enclosure" for a "close-up view" of the take-off. Among the "special enclosure" crowd was Benjamin Franklin, the diplomatic representative of the United States of America. Also present was Joseph Montgolfier, whom Charles honoured by asking him to release the small, bright green, pilot balloon to assess the wind and weather conditions.

This event took place ten days after the world's first crewed balloon flight by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier using a Montgolfier brothers hot air balloon. Simon Schama wrote in *Citizens*:

> Montgolfier's principal scientific collaborator was M. Charles, ... who had been the first to propose the gas produced by vitriol instead of the burning, dampened straw and wood that he had used in earlier flights. Charles himself was also eager to ascend but had run into a firm veto from the King, who from the earliest reports had been observing the progress of the flights with keen attentiveness. Anxious about the perils of a maiden flight, the King had then proposed that two criminals be sent up in a basket, at which Charles and his colleagues became indignant.

### Further ballooning activities

The next project of Charles and the Robert brothers was to build an elongated, steerable craft that followed Jean Baptiste Meusnier's proposals (1783–85) for a dirigible balloon. The design incorporated Meusnier's internal *ballonnet* (air cells), a rudder and a method of propulsion.

Charles chose never to fly in this craft, but on 15 July 1784, the brothers flew for 45 minutes from Saint-Cloud to Meudon with M. Collin-Hullin and Louis Philippe II, the Duke of Chartres in *La Caroline*. It was fitted with oars for propulsion and direction, but they proved useless. The absence of a 'gas release valve' meant that the duke had to slash the 'ballonnet' to prevent rupture when they reached an altitude of circa 4,500 metres (14,800 ft).

On 19 September 1784, the Robert brothers and M. Collin-Hullin flew for 6 hours 40 minutes, covering 186 km from Paris to Beuvry near Béthune. This was the first flight over 100 km.

## Inventions

Charles developed several useful inventions, including a valve to let hydrogen out of the balloon and other devices, such as the hydrometer and reflecting goniometer, and improved the Gravesand heliostat and Fahrenheit's aerometer. In addition he confirmed Benjamin Franklin's electrical experiments.

## Charles's law

Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes), describing how gases tend to expand when heated, was first published by natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he credited it to unpublished work by Charles, and named the law in his honour.

Around 1787 Charles did an experiment where he filled five balloons to the same volume with different gases. He then raised the temperature of the balloons to 80 °C (not at constant temperature) and noticed that they all increased in volume by the same amount. This experiment was referenced by Gay-Lussac in 1802 when he published a paper on the precise relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. Charles's law states that under constant pressure, an ideal gas' volume is proportional to its absolute temperature. The volume of a gas at constant pressure increases linearly with the absolute temperature of the gas. The formula he created was *V*1/*T*1 = *V*2/*T*2.

## Career

Charles was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1786 and to the Académie des Sciences, in 1795. He subsequently became a professor of physics at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers.

## Commemoration

A stele at Nesles-la-Vallée marks the Charles-Robert flight of the 1st of December, 1783. 49°08′19″N 2°10′16″E / 49.1385°N 2.171°E / 49.1385; 2.171

The *Coupe Charles et Robert* was an international ballooning event that was run in 1983 in parallel with the Gordon Bennett Cup.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Jacques Charles | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, c.1798 | |
| Born | 12 November 1746 (1746-11-12)
Beaugency, France |
| Died | 7 April 1823 (1823-04-08) (aged 76)
Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Charles's law |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physics
mathematics
hot air ballooning |
| Institutions | Académie des Sciences |
|  | |


title: Mercenasco

abstract: Mercenasco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Turin.

text:
# Mercenasco

**Mercenasco** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Turin.

## InfoBox

| Mercenasco | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Mercenasco | |
| Castello Benso. | |
|  | |
| Location of Mercenasco | |
| MercenascoLocation of Mercenasco in ItalyMercenascoMercenasco (Piedmont) | |
| Coordinates: 45°21′N 7°53′E / 45.350°N 7.883°E / 45.350; 7.883 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Piedmont |
| Metropolitan city | Turin (TO) |
| *Frazioni* | Villate |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Angelo Parri |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.64 km2 (4.88 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 330 m (1,080 ft) |
| Population (31 August 2021) | |
| Total | 1,284 |
| Density | 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Mercenaschesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 10010 |
| Dialing code | 0125 |
| Website | Official website |