title: The Biggest Loser Australia season 2

abstract: The second season of the Australian version of the original NBC American reality television series The Biggest Loser premiered on Sunday 4 February 2007 at 7pm on Network Ten, with the finale on 26 April 2007. The show features 14 overweight contestants competing for A$200,000 and the title Australia's Biggest Loser for 2007. The eventual winner was Chris Garling, one of "The Outsiders", who lost 70.1 kg. Eliminated contestants also had the chance to compete for a runners-up prize of $50,000, which was won by Michael losing 70.0 kg. Five episodes were screened each week night, with a sixth episode introduced on Sunday nights. Industry experts were skeptical of its success screening on this competitive night. The show averaged more than 1 million viewers each night, peaking at 1,995,000 viewers for the finale and 1,560,000 viewers for a weigh-in show. Over 10,000 Australians applied, 2,000 more than the 2006 season. The show is licensed and produced by FremantleMedia Australia in association with Reveille. 14 contestants competed in 2 teams, later becoming pairs and then playing individually. An additional four being introduced throughout the game as part of twists or as replacement contestants. In the first two weeks, one contestant voluntarily quit and one withdrew on medical advice. Two new Australian trainers, Michelle Bridges and Shannan Ponton, were introduced to replace the previous American trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels who reprised their role temporarily. Although Michelle states she doesn't like the format of the reality television show, she feels in the end it is helping change people's lives. Jillian was ridiculed for participating in the Australian version and not the American version, she stated that the Australian show represented her more accurately. Contestants were also introduced to former SAS soldier Steve Willis, dubbed "The Commando". Bob and Jillian left at the end of the second week, revisiting in the eighth week for a final time. Two main new elements were introduced to the game including "The Walk" which gave contestants power to change the outcome of the game and a further two contestants were "secretly" trained outside the house and entered as "The Outsiders". Before going to air, there were various allegations that Australian Idol winner Casey Donovan had applied to be a contestant and had been rejected. Network Ten argued that Donovan had simply not survived the application process. Further criticism was received by exercise experts, saying the show promoted risky weight loss techniques and may endanger the show's viewers. There was also much criticism of contestants leaving on medical advice after multiple health scares.

text:
# The Biggest Loser Australia season 2

The **second season** of the Australian version of the original NBC American reality television series *The Biggest Loser* premiered on Sunday 4 February 2007 at 7pm on Network Ten, with the finale on 26 April 2007. The show features 14 overweight contestants competing for A$200,000 and the title *Australia's Biggest Loser for 2007*. The eventual winner was Chris Garling, one of "The Outsiders", who lost 70.1 kg (46.89% of his start weight). Eliminated contestants also had the chance to compete for a runners-up prize of $50,000, which was won by Michael losing 70.0 kg (42.37% of his start weight). Five episodes were screened each week night, with a sixth episode introduced on Sunday nights. Industry experts were skeptical of its success screening on this competitive night. The show averaged more than 1 million viewers each night, peaking at 1,995,000 viewers for the finale and 1,560,000 viewers for a weigh-in show. Over 10,000 Australians applied, 2,000 more than the 2006 season. The show is licensed and produced by FremantleMedia Australia in association with Reveille.

14 contestants (2 more than the previous season) competed in 2 teams, later becoming pairs and then playing individually. An additional four being introduced throughout the game as part of twists or as replacement contestants. In the first two weeks, one contestant voluntarily quit and one withdrew on medical advice.

Two new Australian trainers, Michelle Bridges and Shannan Ponton, were introduced to replace the previous American trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels who reprised their role temporarily. Although Michelle states she doesn't like the format of the reality television show, she feels in the end it is helping change people's lives. Jillian was ridiculed for participating in the Australian version and not the American version, she stated that the Australian show represented her more accurately. Contestants were also introduced to former SAS soldier Steve Willis, dubbed "The Commando". Bob and Jillian left at the end of the second week, revisiting in the eighth week for a final time.

Two main new elements were introduced to the game including "The Walk" which gave contestants power to change the outcome of the game and a further two contestants were "secretly" trained outside the house and entered as "The Outsiders".

Before going to air, there were various allegations that *Australian Idol* winner Casey Donovan had applied to be a contestant and had been rejected. Network Ten argued that Donovan had simply not survived the application process. Further criticism was received by exercise experts, saying the show promoted risky weight loss techniques and may endanger the show's viewers. There was also much criticism of contestants leaving on medical advice after multiple health scares.

## Season Overview

### Game variations

**Immunity**: A small change to immunity was that the contestant to win immunity retained it for the following week if no other contestant gained immunity.

**"The Walk"**: A new element known as "The Walk" involved the winner of the immunity challenges having a random choice of four game-altering options. Some options included a 24-hour training prior to the first weigh-in, choosing replacement contestants, swapping team members, giving up immunity, and immediate mid-week elimination.

**New Trainers**: Two new primary Australian trainers were introduced, who appeared to replace the previous American trainers. A third element was former SAS soldier Steve Willis dubbed "The Commando" who was used for rewards or penalties in challenges. The Commando trained "The Outsiders" at a secondary training secret ranch before they entered the game.

**"The Outsiders"**: Two contestants called "The Outsiders", Chris Garling and Kimberlie Stewart, entered the game in week 7, having been weighed in the white house at the beginning of the game without the knowledge of all other contestants. They were trained with the Commando during the 6 weeks before entering the house and formed a pair upon entering the game.

**"Wild card" contestant**: As with the previous season, all previously eliminated contestants were invited to return to the game for a second chance "wild card" entry back into the game. The difference with this game element was that only 5 out of the returning 10 contestants could enter the game by winning a qualification weigh-in. All eliminated contestants returned except for walk-out contestants Sarah, Jules and Sam. P'eta chose not to return, similar to Tracy from the first season.

**Trainer's Choice Award**: At the end of the series a Suzuki Grand Vitara was awarded to Jules by the trainers, recognizing her for "handling herself exquisitely throughout the whole show".

### List of episodes

There were a total of 68 episodes that followed the general weekly format of Elimination, Minor Challenge, Temptation, "The Walk", Major Challenge, and The Weigh-in. In some instances, episodes were replaced with specials where major twists were introduced, or previous events were explained for viewers missing information. Some of these special episodes included:

* **Two contestants leave**: Due to unexpected withdrawal of contestants, episode 3 in week 1 focussed on this event.
* **The game so far**: In week 6 was a recap episode where all previous episodes were summarised.
* **Duos Decided**: In week 6 teams were separated into pairs. Damien won the minor challenge and power to choose pairs.
* **The Biggest Twist Thus Far; The Outsiders**: The secret contestants training on the outside for 6 weeks enter the house in week 7.
* **Make Overs**: Remaining contestants were given new clothes and hairstyles for a magazine photo-shoot in mid week 8.
* **Fear Challenges**: Replacing the regular spot for "The Walk", fear challenges were personal mental challenges that each remaining contestant participated in, for no tangible reward. The 6 remaining contestants were flown to Queenstown, New Zealand. Courtney went on a large cliff swing, Chris used a rocket swing, Damien and Kimberlie rock climbed a 30 m cliff face, Munnalita bungee jumped and Pati participated in white water sports
* **Mountain hike**: Contestants participated in a mountain hike, add weighted bags weighing the amount of weight they had lost each week. All contestants reaching the mountain peak carrying the weight they started the show with. The experience was to feel the relief when they removed their backpacks. Kimberlie added an extra 40 kg to match what she was at her heaviest weight.
* **Return of the eliminated contestants**: On being invited back for a chance to enter back into the game, contestants went through various challenges:
    + **Second chance challenge**: Contestants were required to hold two medicine balls whilst balancing on a series of three varied sized logs, each one smaller than the last, for half an hour each. Mel, who had an ankle problem stepped down and was immediately eliminated. Gerard won the challenge, Kelly coming a close second.
    + **Second chance temptation**: Contestants had a 1 in 6 chance to receive a wild card chance, elimination and other prizes. Laura won a guarantee qualification, Greg was immediately eliminated. Other prizes included a trip won by Kelly, a scooter won by Alex, a small hamburger and chips won by Damien, and a chocolate platter won by Courtney. Michael and Marty chose not to participate in the temptation challenge.
    + **Super Challenge**: Remaining contestants competed in a sand dune and mental challenge, with the three remaining places going to Michael, Marty and Damien. Courtney, Alex and Kelly were immediately eliminated.
* **Train the trainers**: Mid week 11 contestants were tested with their knowledge of training routines in preparation for moving outside of the game.
* **Trainer's Choice Award**: The episode before the finale was a consolation for Jules who withdrew from the show on medical advice. She was given a *Suzuki Grand Vitara*

### The Weigh-Ins

At the end of each week, contestants must be weighed to determine how much weight they had lost since the previous week or weigh in. Generally the person with the highest weight loss receives immunity. With teams, the total percentage of weight loss for the team must be highest to avoid elimination. With pairs and individuals, players must come in "above the yellow line" which is usually the 2 lowest weight losers of the week. Weigh-in episodes were generally screened on Sunday nights, or left as a cliffhanger and combined with elimination episodes.

| Contestant | Age | Height | Starting
BMI | Ending
BMI | Starting
Weight | Week | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kilos
Lost | Percentage
Lost |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | | 11 | Finale | | |
| **Chris** | 23 | 198 | 38.1 | 20.3 | 149.5 |  | | | | | 118.2 | 111.8 | 104.8 | 101.0 | X | 93.1 | 89.9 | 79.4 | 70.1 | 46.89% |
| **Marty** | 38 | 193 | 43.1 | 25.4 | 160.6 | 150.2 | 146.0 | 141.6 | 136.8 | 130.1 | 122.5 | 119.9 | 121.0 |  | 117.5 | 109.9 | 105.0 | 94.7 | 65.9 | 41.03% |
| **Pati** | 26 | 172 | 40.6 | 24.4 | 120.2 | 114.9 | 111.5 | 108.9 | 105.1 | 101.4 | 96.3 | 94.1 | 92.6 | 90.0 | X | 85.4 | 84.8 | 72.2 | 48.0 | 39.93% |
| **Munnalita** | 32 | 170 | 44.0 | 25.6 | 127.3 | 119.4 | 116.4 | 113.5 | 110.5 | 106.9 | 97.9 | 97.9 | 95.3 | 92.9 | X | 86.6 | 85.0 | 74.1 | 53.2 | 41.79% |
| **Kimberlie** | 32 | 173 | 47.4 | 31.7 | 141.8 |  | | | | | 121.5 | 119.4 | 114.6 | 110.4 | X | 105.2 |  | 95.0 | 46.8 | 33.00% |
| **Courtney** | 21 | 185 | 40.7 | 28.7 | 139.2 | 133.5 | 130.3 | 126.9 | 123.5 | 117.2 | 111.2 | 110.5 | 108.7 | 107.9 | 107.9 |  | | 98.3 | 40.9 | 29.38% |
| **Damien** | 34 | 188 | 70.6 | 40.1 | 216.3 | 203.2 | 201.0 | 193.8 | 187.1 | 179.7 | 174.5 | 170.6 | 173.0 | X | 167.0 |  | | 141.7 | 74.6 | 34.49% |
| **Laura** | 20 | 175 | 35.7 | 23.8 | 109.2 |  | 105.2 | 103.8 | 101.2 | 95.7 | 94.4 | 93.1 |  | | 88.9 |  | | 84.2 | 25.0 | 22.89% |
| **Mel** | 24 | 183 | 32.4 | 23.3 | 108.4 | 100.7 | 98.7 | 96.4 | 94.7 | 90.2 | 88.0 |  | | | 85.0 |  | | 78.0 | 30.4 | 28.04% |
| **Greg** | 33 | 175 | 48.6 | 32.6 | 148.8 | 138.7 | 134.8 | 132.3 | 126.6 | 121.2 | 114.7 |  | | | 110.6 |  | | 99.9 | 48.9 | 32.86% |
| **Jules** | 34 | 170 | 43.8 | 31.7 | 126.5 | 120.2 | 118.2 | 115.1 | 111.4 | 106.9 |  | | | | | | | 91.6 | 34.9 | 27.59% |
| **Gerard** | 43 | 175 | 43.6 | 29.5 | 133.5 | 126.1 | 122.1 | 120.6 | 116.4 |  | | | | | 104.0 |  | | 90.2 | 43.3 | 32.43% |
| **P'eta** | 27 | 179 | 41.1 | 33.3 | 131.6 |  | 127.7 | 126.3 |  | | | | | | | | | 106.7 | 24.9 | 18.92% |
| **Michael** | 28 | 192 | 44.8 | 25.8 | 165.2 | 155.6 | 151.0 | 145.7 |  | | | | | | 120.9 |  | | 95.2 | 70.0 | 42.37% |
| **Kelly** | 28 | 174 | 38.7 | 29.4 | 117.1 | 112.7 | 108.7 |  | | | | | | | 94.4 |  | | 89.1 | 28.0 | 23.91% |
| **Sam** | 37 | 171 | 43.8 | 29.9 | 128.0 | 121.0 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 87.4 | 40.6 | 31.72% |
| **Alex** | 37 | 167 | 55.6 | 40.7 | 155.2 | 144.6 |  | | | | | | | | 121.3 |  | | 113.4 | 41.8 | 26.93% |
| **Sarah** | 37 | 170 | 53.0 | X | 153.3 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | Did not attend | | |

Standing   Week's Biggest Loser   Immunity   The Biggest Loser   Winner of the At-Home prize

### Eliminations

Each week, after a weigh in, contestants must cast a vote against another contestant and avoid elimination. The contestant that received the most votes left the game immediately. Contestants can avoid elimination by their team or themselves losing the most percentage of weight loss, winning immunity at a temptation challenge. Contestants make themselves an elimination target if they are a threat of losing a lot of weight by the end of the show. Elimination episodes screened on Mondays. Below is a table of voting history for what each contestant voted.

| Week | Wk 1 | Wk 2 | Wk 3 | Wk 4 | Wk 5 | Wk 6 | Wk 7 | Wk 8 | Wk 9 | Wk 10 | Wk 11 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eliminated | Alex | Kelly | Michael | P'eta, Gerard | Marty | Greg / Mel | Laura | Marty | Damien, Courtney | Kimberlie | Munnalita |
| **Chris** | **Arrived** Wk 7 as an "Outsider" | | | | | | Courtney | Marty | Courtney | Kimberlie | Munnalita |
| **Marty** | Alex | X | X | X | Courtney | Damien / Laura | Laura | X | **Re-eliminated** Wk 8, **Re-returned** Wk 10 | Pati | Munnalita |
| **Pati** | Alex | X | X | X | Munnalita | Greg / Mel | Laura | ? | Courtney | X | X |
| **Munnalita** | Alex | X | X | P'eta | Marty | Greg / Mel | X | Marty | X | Kimberlie | **Eliminated** Wk 11 |
| **Kimberlie** | **Arrived** Wk 7 as an "Outsider" | | | | | | Laura | ? | ? | X | **Eliminated** Wk 10 |
| **Courtney** | Alex | X | X | X | Marty | Greg / Mel | X | Marty | X | **Eliminated** Wk 9 | |
| **Damien** | X | Kelly | Laura | ? | X | X | X | X | X | **Eliminated** mid Wk 9 | |
| **Laura** | **Arrived** Wk 2 | X | Gerard | Gerard | X | X | X | **Eliminated** Wk 7 | | | |
| **Mel** | X | Kelly | X | Gerard | X | X | **Eliminated** Wk 6 (Double elimination) | | | | |
| **Greg** | ? | X | X | X | Courtney | X | **Eliminated** Wk 6 (Double elimination) | | | | |
| **Jules** | X | Kelly | Michael | Gerard | **Withdrew** mid Wk 5 (on medical advice) | | | | | | |
| **Gerard** | X | Michael | Michael | ? | **Eliminated** Wk 4 | | | | | | |
| **P'eta** | **Arrived** Wk 2 | ? | Michael | ? | **Eliminated** mid Wk 4 "The Walk" | | | | | | | |
| **Michael** | X | Damien | Gerard | **Eliminated** Wk 3 | | | | | | | |
| **Kelly** | X | Mel | **Eliminated** Wk 2 | | | | | | | | |
| **Sam** | X | **Withdrew** mid Wk 2 (on medical advice) | | | | | | | | | |
| **Alex** | Munnalita | **Eliminated** Wk 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| **Sarah** | **Quit** mid Wk 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Immunity  X  Immunity, unable to vote  X  Below yellow line, unable to vote  X  Finished last in the elimination challenge, eliminated  X  Not in elimination, unable to vote  ?  Vote not revealed      Eliminated or not in house      Last person eliminated before the finale      Valid vote cast Elimination notes * Sarah quit in week 1 due to feeling isolated from the rest of the group. All four trainers and former contestant Cat from season 1 failed to convince her to stay in the game.
* Sam withdrew in week 1 due to deep vein thrombosis.
* P'eta was unexpectedly eliminated as part of a twist introduced by "The Walk". Munnalita had the choice to eliminate a female contestant and chose P'eta.
* Jules withdrew in week 5 due to irregular heart patterns. Despite the contestants wanting her to stay, the on-site medic advised her to leave the game.
* Damien was eliminated in week 9 as a result of a Super Challenge. The penalty for losing the challenge was to be immediately eliminated.
* Damien's elimination marked the first time that an **entire team** was eliminated before the finale. He and Laura returned two weeks later and were eliminated again. With their eliminations, trainers Bob and Shannan had lost their entire team, and thus they both were also eliminated from the competition, as they had no other contestants to represent them at the finale. However, both trainers still remained in the house to train their former rival contestants.
* Marty was also eliminated twice. His first elimination was by a "hung" or tied vote in week 5, giving the voting decision to the other team. Upon returning to the game, Marty secured immunity in week 8 but was voted out as he had gained weight at the weigh-in, stripping him of his eligibility of immunity, and was subsequently re-eliminated. He also returned twice, returning again in week 10 after his second elimination, and went on to become a finalist.
* Chris and Pati are the only contestants to have not been eliminated, but Pati is the only contestant to be in the game for the entire length of the season, Chris entered the game in week 6.

### Minor challenges

Contestants must compete in challenges to earn individual or team rewards. These rewards often lead to giving contestants power to change the outcome of the game with weight advantages or penalties, or individual personal prizes generally awarded by the shows advertising suppliers or sponsors. Generally, minor challenges were screened on Tuesday nights.

| Week | Challenge | Reward(s) | Penalty | Winner(s) | Loser(s) | Notes | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cinema | Massages | Spend the night outside | Blue team | Red team |  | Contestants were taken to the *Cremorne Orpheum Cinema* where they raced against each other, choosing food products that were lower in calories. |
| 2 | Beach Volleyball | 3 course banquet | go on frozen meals and TV dinners for 24 hours | Red team | Blue team | The Blue team won the 1st set. The red team won the 2nd set and won the final match point equalling victory | Contestants played beach volleyball against each other. |
| 3 | Treadmill | A cardiology gym, and team session with the commando |  | Red Team (Greg) | - | Greg walked for over 2 hours, walking an extra 5 minutes after the second place holder | 3 contestants for each team competed to see who could last the longest on a treadmill going 8 km/h |
| 4 | Jump and Duck Obstacle | The choice of training with the Commando or an afternoon at a Baha'i Temple, giving either other to the other team. |  | Red Team | Blue Team | The red team won and chose to do to the temple leaving the blue team to face the Commando. Also the red team got a bonus DVD on what happens in the kitchens in the house when no one is looking. | Teams had to duck and jump over spinning bars, beating 5 contestants in a row. |
| 5 | Basketball match | Messages from home | Commando training | Red team | Blue team | The Blue team were in the lead the entire game until red caught up in the dying minutes of play. | Teams competed against each other in a game of basketball game, each team coached by a member of the Sydney Kings. |
| 6 | The Power balls Challenge | The power to choose duos, LG 32-Inch Plasma TV, LG Notebook Computer | no choice of the pairs | Damien | - | Duos were to be picked with male and females paired. This would single out one female to be alone. | Contestants each had 10 heavy balls in their enclosure and had to get all balls in their area to win. |
| 7 | Commando Challenge | 1 kg advantage | 1 kg penalty, outsiders lose immunity | Courtney and Munnalita | Damien and Laura | Courtney and Munnalita received the Commando as part of The Walk |  |
|

### Major Challenges

Contestants compete in more demanding physical, mental or tempting challenges giving contestants more significant prizes than those awarded with minor challenges giving contestants power to change the outcome of the game, change team setup, or earn immunity. Generally, major challenges were screened as a cliffhanger episode on Friday nights.

| Week | Challenge | Reward(s) | Penalty | Winner(s) | Loser(s) | Notes | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sydney Tower Climb | Choice of lunch at restaurant or paddle on a kayak boat | 5 kg team weigh-in penalty | Blue team | Red team | The Blue Team chose lunch | Teams were taken to Sydney Tower where they raced against each other- 50 laps round the tower |
| 2 | Plane pull | Power to choose what team the new contestants would be placed,
Letters from Home | lose their dignity, letters from home and choice of team member | Blue team | Red team | The Blue team chose P'eta | Teams raced to pull a 9-tonne DC3 aircraft 150 metres, stopping periodically for individual running sequences. |
| 3 | Beach obstacle | Phone calls to loved ones | No trainer for the last chance workout. | Blue team | Red team | Blue won only by a narrow margin and also let the Red team call | Teams compete on a beach obstacle course to fill up sacks with sand and dig holes to get through the course. |
| 4 | Moving house | An LG product for each team member, and the power to decide which member of the red team will become a blue. | No choice of whom to swap to oppisite team | Red team | Blue team | The Red team chose to swap Mel, who was previously swapped into Red from Blue. | Teams competed against each other to remove all contents from one house into another. |
| 5 | Heartbreak Hill | The choice between returning gym equipment or training with the Commando | - | Red team | Blue team |  | Teams had to run a relay 200 times up and down a steep hill with weights |
| 6 | Hangman Challenge | 1 kg weigh-in advantage | 1 kg weigh-in penalty | Damien & Laura | Courtney & Munnalita | 2nd place: Greg & Mel, 3rd place: Marty & Pati | Contestants had to fill a 15-liter container with water by raising and lowering their paired contestants using a pulley system and transferring water from a container on the ground using just 1 cup. |
| 7 | Wood Challenge | Massages and two Vanuatu holidays | 24 hours lock down, no trainer or gym | Marty and Pati | Damien and Laura | 2nd place: Chris and Kimberlie, 3rd place: Courtney and Munnalita. Marty and Pati finished in 4 hours, 50 minutes. | Contestants had to shift 4 tonnes of wood from one spot to another by hand while being chained to their pair. |
|

### Temptation

Contestants competes in a temptation challenge to secure their place in the game for another week by gaining immunity making them unable to be voted out unless they gain weight. Challenges are generally psychologically based and gave contestants the choice to act against temptations they would otherwise participate in. This is a strategic part of the game. Temptation challenges were generally screened on Wednesday nights.

| Week | Challenge | Reward(s) | Winner(s) | Notes | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Choice | Immunity and power of The Walk | Courtney | Contestants had to decide whether to eat the food or not in private. Last one left wins. Courtney only ate one slice of watermelon after everyone else backed away for immunity. |  |
| 2 | Pizza | Immunity, an LCD TV courtsy of LG and power of The Walk | Gerard | The pizza got smaller in slice and the challenge can only happen if all eight slices are taken. Gerrard was the only one taking part in the challenge and ate a whole pizza after it shrunk in size. | Contestants must pick a slice of pizza for a 1 in 8 chance of immunity. |
| 3 | Chocolate | Immunity and power of The Walk | Pati | Pati participated as part of a team strategy, only one other contestant participated and that was Michael. Pati chose celery pieces in the temptation. | Contestants ate sticks of food dipped in chocolate. The winner was determined by the one who ate the most. |
| 4 | Sushi Train | Immunity and power of The Walk, 5 massages, a $4000 barbecue, a trampoline, a DVD player & a home video from the contestant's family | Munnalita | This was the first and only temptation challenge where all contestants participated in this temptation | Contestants must choose random plates of meals from a sushi train. |
| 5 | Food deli | Immunity and power of The Walk | Courtney | Other contestants chose to eat certain foods also. Unfortunately, after the trainers found out about the challenge, Munnalita cried when Michelle told her off that she ate two Mars bars. Munnalita countered saying that why she couldn't eat Mars bars after able to resisted eating other foods like chips and very high calorie foods. | Contestants were individually tempted with their favorite foods, the winner being the one who consumed the most calories. |
| 6 |  |  | Chris & Kimberlie | Chris and Kimberlie would lose immunity if they came last in the challenge. |  |
| 7 | Chocolate |  | Marty | Marty was stripped of his immunity after gaining weight. |  |
|

### "The Walk"

As an addition to receiving immunity, contestants also receive the power of "The Walk" which gave them the choice to change the game from options provided to them. "The Walk" was generally screened on Thursday nights.

| Week | Contestant(s) with power | Options | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Courtney | 24-hour training prior to the first weigh-in | Alex received additional training with Jillian. |
| 2 | Gerard | To choose 2 new contestants to enter the game | Laura and P'eta were chosen to enter the game, Jess and Kelli could not participate any further in the game. |
| 3 | Pati | To swap 1 member of the blue team for 1 member of the red team. | Pati switched Laura from the Red Team for Mel from the Blue Team. |
| 4 | Munnalita | To immediately vote out a player | Munnalita had to vote out a female. Other options included you must vote someone from the red team, the blue team, or a male. Munnalita voted out P'eta. |
| 5 | Courtney | To give immunity to a Blue team member | Other options included to give up immunity to a red team member, male or female. Courtney lost immunity and gave it to Damien. Originally, Laura wanted it knowing that she would be the next to go. The other members of the blue team made a pact that they would take Courtney to the finals if they picked Mel for immunity. Courtney selected Damien by random pick and angered all the members from the blue team. |
| 6 | None |  |  |
| 7 | Chris & Kimberlie | To give the Commando to another duo for the next challenge | Other options included, a team will receive a five-minute time advantage, a five-minute time penalty, or to give anyone (including themselves) the Commando. Courtney and Munnalita received the Commando. |
|

### Finale

The finale was a pre-recorded show which aired on 6 April 2007.

**Final 3 Contestants**: Non-eliminated contestants competed for the "crown" and official label of "Australia's Biggest Loser for 2007", the winner being Chris losing a total of 70.1 kg (46.89% of his start weight).

| Contestant | Start Weight (kg) | Starting BMI | Ending BMI | Finale (kg) | Total loss (kg/%) | Goal (kg) | Goal Difference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Chris** | 149.5 | 38.1 | 20.3 | 79.4 | 70.1 (**46.89%**) | 90 | -10.6 |
|  | | | | | | | |
| **Marty** | 160.6 | 43.1 | 25.4 | 94.7 | 65.9 (41.03%) | 95 | -0.3 |
| **Pati** | 120.2 | 40.6 | 24.4 | 72.2 | 48.0 (39.93%) | 70 | 2.2 |
|

**Runner-up Contestants**: All other contestants (excluding Sam, Jules and Sarah) weighed in against each other for the runner-up prize of A$50,000. The winner by a small margin was Michael, closely followed by Munnalita.

| Contestant | Start Weight (kg) | Starting BMI | Ending BMI | Finale (kg) | Total loss (kg/%) | Goal (kg) | Goal Difference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Michael** | 165.2 | 44.8 | 25.8 | 95.2 | 70.0 (**42.37%**) | 99 | -3.8 |
|  | | | | | | | |
| **Munnalita** | 127.3 | 44.0 | 25.6 | 74.1 | 53.2 (41.79%) | 60 | 14.1 |
| **Damien** | 216.3 | 61.2 | 40.1 | 141.7 | 74.6 (34.49%) | 110 | 31.7 |
| **Kimberlie** | 141.8 | 47.4 | 31.7 | 95.0 | 46.8 (33.00%) | 99 | -4.0 |
| **Greg** | 148.8 | 48.6 | 32.6 | 99.9 | 48.9 (32.86%) | 90 | 9.9 |
| **Gerard** | 133.5 | 43.6 | 29.5 | 90.2 | 43.3 (32.43%) | 85 | 5.2 |
| **Courtney** | 139.2 | 40.7 | 28.7 | 98.3 | 40.9 (29.38%) | 90 | 8.3 |
| **Mel** | 108.4 | 32.4 | 23.3 | 78.0 | 30.4 (28.04%) | 75 | 3.0 |
| **Alex** | 155.2 | 55.6 | 40.7 | 113.4 | 41.8 (26.93%) | 95 | 18.4 |
| **Kelly** | 117.1 | 38.7 | 29.4 | 89.1 | 28.0 (23.91%) | 70 | 19.1 |
| **Laura** | 109.2 | 35.7 | 27.5 | 84.2 | 25.0 (22.89%) | 70 | 14.2 |
| **P'eta** | 131.6 | 41.1 | 33.3 | 106.7 | 24.9 (18.92%) | 75 | 31.7 |
|

**Disqualified contestants**: Contestants Jules and Sam weighed in at the Finale but their results were not counted towards the runners-up prize as they were disqualified from play as they withdrew from the game, even though it was for medical reasons. Sarah did not make a finale appearance.

| Contestant | Start Weight (kg) | Starting BMI | Ending BMI | Finale (kg) | Total loss (kg/%) | Goal (kg) | Goal Difference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sam** | 128.0 | 43.8 | 29.9 | 87.4 | 40.6 (31.72%) | 79 | 8.4 |
| **Jules** | 126.3 | 43.7 | 31.7 | 91.6 | 34.9 (27.59%) | 75 | 16.6 |
| **Sarah** | 153.3 | 53.0 | x | DNQ | | 75 | DNQ |
|

## Cast and personalities

### Host

**Ajay Rochester** returned to the second season reprising her role as host of the show. Ajay has since stated goals for herself after the completion of this season, moving into hosting a radio show. Before the show went to air, Ajay was under the spotlight for her own weight. During primary production of the show, Ajay appeared on Network Ten's New Years celebrations.

### Trainers

* **Bob Harper** (US trainer)
* **Jillian Michaels** (US trainer)
* **Michelle Bridges** (New Australian trainer)
* **Shannan Ponton** (New Australian trainer)
* **Steve Willis** (Australian Commando)
* **Professor Clare Collins** (Nutritionist and dietitian)

### Contestants

14 contestants started the game, 2 more than the previous season. As a result of contestant withdrawal, "The Outsiders" and replacements, the total number of contestants was 18.

## Original Contestants

| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Height | Goal Weight |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alex Tsao | 37 | Ringwood North, Victoria | 167 cm | 95 kg |
| Courtney Jackson | 21 | Varsity Lakes, Queensland | 185 cm | 90 kg |
| Damien Wicks | 34 | Larrakeyah, Northern Territory | 188 cm | 110 kg |
| Greg Koutsovidis | 33 | Glynde, South Australia | 175 cm | 90 kg |
| Gerard Fleischer | 43 | Bentley, Western Australia | 175 cm | 85 kg |
| Kelly Donaghy Lewis | 28 | Caringbah, Victoria | 174 cm | 70 kg |
| Mellisa "Mel" Russell | 24 | Wollongong, New South Wales | 183 cm | 75 kg |
| Marty Barrett | 38 | Cleveland, Queensland | 193 cm | 95 kg |
| Patima "Pati" Singe | 26 | Bayview, Queensland | 172 cm | 70 kg |
| Michael Hinde | 28 | Adelaide, South Australia | 192 cm | 99 kg |
| Munnalita Kyrimis | 32 | Mount Gambier, South Australia | 170 cm | 60 kg |
|

## The Outsiders

| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Height | Goal Weight |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Christopher "Chris" Garling | 23 | Sydney, New South Wales | 198 cm | 90 kg |
| Kimberlie Stewart | 32 | Sydney, New South Wales | 173 cm | 99 kg |
|

## Replacement Contestants

The replacement contestants were selected from a choice of four people as part of "The Walk".

The two people that did not become contestants were Jess and Kelli. Laura and P'eta joined the team.

| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Height | Goal Weight |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kelli Harvey | 26 | Brisbane, QLD | 180 cm | 68 kg |
| Jess |
| Laura Kufersin | 20 | Melbourne, Victoria | 175 cm | 70 kg |
| P'eta Phelan | 27 | Melbourne, Victoria | 179 cm | 75 kg |
|

## Disqualified Contestants

| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Height | Goal Weight |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jules Condon | 34 | Gordonvale, Queensland | 170 cm | 75 kg |
| Sam Birrell | 37 | Bell Park, Victoria | 171 cm | 79 kg |
| Sarah Peak | 25 | Carlingford, New South Wales | 170 cm | 75 kg |
|

### Team arrangements

**Teams**: The show started with two teams, "Blue Team" trained by Bob and Shannan and "Red Team" trained by Jillian and Michelle. The Australian trainers entered the game and individually the contestants chose their trainers, with the heaviest contestant choosing first (Damien) and the lightest choosing last (Mel). Bob and Jillian then entered and joined the Shannan and Michelle respectively as co-trainers. As teams became uneven throughout the game, some challenge rewards or penalties were to swap team members which retained even numbers for teams to compete fairly.

**Duos**: With 8 contestants remaining, teams were broken into 4 pairs of male and female contestants. Damien won the power to choose teams as a result of a minor challenge. At this stage of the game, Jules left the game making an uneven number of contestants, leaving Damien with the decision to leave one contestant to compete by themselves. The pairs grouped together were: Damien and Laura, Greg and Mel, Courtney and Munnalita, and Pati was left by herself which introduced a new twist. The biggest weight loser of all eliminated contestants returned to the game, this being Marty who was only just eliminated the day before. Greg and Mel were eliminated as part of a double elimination, and were replaced by new contestants Chris and Kimberlie, introduced as "The Outsiders".

**Individuals**: With 7 contestants remaining (including the new "The Outsiders"), pairs no longer existed and contestants competed in all challenges individually.

**Final 4**: The final four contestants were Chris, Kimberlie, Pati and Munnalita. As a result of the "wild card" challenge, contestant Marty returned to the game and replaced eliminated contestant Kimberlie, making Marty part of the final 4 contestants.

## Production and release

### Filming locations

Filming of *The Biggest Loser* was primarily located in Sydney, NSW, Australia. The main filming locations seen throughout the show are the White House (where contestants reside and train), the "Outsider" training ranch (where "The Outsiders" trained before entering the house), the elimination room (a room inside the house where votes are cast for contestants to be eliminated from the game) and the diary room (a studio set up for contestants to leave video entries of their time in the house). Other game locations include "The Walk" which was filmed around *Bobbin Head National Park*, Turramurra, NSW. Other filming locations include areas around the house gardens for individual contestant interviews. There are also filming locations at South Sydney beaches and other areas where challenges take place. Areas of Queenstown, New Zealand were also primary filming locations as part of the New Zealand Super Challenge, the focus points being the hike and sprint up Coronet Peak and the Super Challenge at Paradise. There are also the studios for the live finale reunion.

### Filming dates

There are three main dates organised around the production of the show including the application and audition process, primary photography and production and the show finale which occurs 6 weeks after the final week of primary photography (the tenth week of game play), and was filmed on Monday, 23 April (instead of a live show like the previous season).

### Air dates and channels

This season began airing on Sunday 4 February 2007 at 7:00pm on Network Ten, five episodes each week night, with an additional sixth episode introduced on Sunday nights. After a total of 67 episodes (10 × 6 weeklies) the pre-taped finale episode screened on 26 April 2007.

### Credits and associations

*The Biggest Loser* is a trademark of Reveille LLC and is licensed and produced by FremantleMedia Australia Pty Limited. In Australia it is distributed by Crackerjack Productions, Grundy-Fremantle Media Group and Network Ten Australia. Among others, the major sponsors and suppliers that were explicitly credited were 100% Pure newzealand.com, Accredited Practising Dieticians, Air New Zealand, Brooks, Chrysler, Fernwood Health Club, LG Electronics, Workout World and Valiant Hire.

## Reception and public response

### Controversies

**Casey Donovan**: Before the show went to air, there were some controversies when allegations emerged that morbidly obese singer and *Australian Idol* series two winner Casey Donovan had applied to be a contestant and had been rejected. Network Ten dismissed these allegations, arguing that Donovan had simply not survived the application process.

**Health risks**: The show received further criticism, being attacked by exercise experts for promoting risky weight loss techniques that may endanger the show's viewers. There was also much criticism when news leaked of contestant Jules, then unknown, was forced to quit after multiple health scares and hospital visits. An eating disorders support group, The Butterfly Foundation, commenting on Chris's achievement, warned that such a dramatic weight loss could be a health risk.

**New trainers**: With Shannan and Michelle introduced, this was a tactic to make sure that in the future series of the Biggest Loser, the two trainers will be Shannan and Michelle. By doing this, they hope that the Australian public can appreciate them as much as Bob and Jillian and to make future series of Biggest Loser an all Australian cast.

### Reviews

The length of the show compared to the American version was accused of being too "bloated" with over 3 hours of extra footage for each "episode" or week, but at the same time, the type of participants used in the show are a good change from regular reality television "wannabes".

### Television viewing and ratings

The show averaged more than 1,000,000 viewers each night, peaking around 1.56 million viewers for one weigh-in show and 1.31 million viewers for one elimination show. The season premiere attracted only 1.17 million viewers compared to the first-season premiere of 1.4 million, although depending on what was happening with the Cricket on Channel Nine, the total audience peaked at 1.45 million. The ratings were considered a great success by the network, receiving a large portion of the target demographic (39.2% commercial share in demographic ages 18–49, and 42.6% of the 16-39 demographic). The season finale was the ratings success, being the highest rating episode of the show and ranking number 1 for the day with 1,995,000 viewers.

The following are some of the ratings achieved from the highest-rated episodes. Unless otherwise stated, sources are gathered from OzTAM as a primary or secondary source.

| Episode name | Total viewers
(Rounded to nearest 1000) | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Season Premiere | 1,170,000 (peaking at 1.45m) | Sunday, 4 February |
| The Weigh-in (#8) | 1,560,000 | Sunday, 1 April |
| Elimination (#9) | 1,319,000 | Monday, 9 April |
| The Weigh-in (#10) | 1,310,000 | Sunday, 15 April |
| Elimination (#10) | 1,302,000 | Monday, 16 April |
| The Final Weigh-in and Elimination | 1,323,000 | Thursday, 19 April |
| The Finale | 1,995,000 | Thursday, 26 April |
|

### Official websites

### Resources

### Contestants

## InfoBox

| *The Biggest Loser Australia* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 2 | |
| Starring | Jillian Michaels
Bob Harper
Michelle Bridges
Shannan Ponton
Steve Willis |
|  | |
| Presented by | Ajay Rochester |
|  | |
| No. of episodes | 68 |
| Release | |
| Original network | Network Ten |
| Original release | 4 February (2007-02-04)
26 April 2007 (2007-04-26) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Go! Comi

abstract: Go! Comi was the publishing imprint of the American multimedia company, Go! Media Entertainment, LLC, established to "specializ(e) in publishing Japanese comics for the American market, and in creating new manga and manga-oriented properties for both the Japanese and American markets".

text:
# Go! Comi

**Go! Comi** was the publishing imprint of the American multimedia company, Go! Media Entertainment, LLC, established to "specializ(e) in publishing Japanese comics for the American market, and in creating new manga and manga-oriented properties for both the Japanese and American markets".

## History

Go! Comi was launched in 2005 by writer David Wise and his wife Audry Taylor; the former served as the company's CEO, with the latter as creative director. The company specialized in adapting Japanese manga for the American market, with much of their output the work of mother/daughter team Brynne Chandler and Mallory Reaves. They published such best-selling series as the Eisner-nominated *After School Nightmare*, *Cantarella*, *Her Majesty's Dog*, *Tenshi Ja Nai!!* and *Crossroad*.

Although reasonably successful, the Go! Comi imprint was shut down in 2009 after the parent company (also owned by Wise and Taylor) declared bankruptcy due to the failure of its unrelated on-line app "oPlay". The official website stopped being updated in early 2010 and expired in May of that year.

In 2011, the site was allegedly relaunched under new owners with instructions to donate to a PayPal account to revive the publisher. Former Go! Comi creative director Audry Taylor confirmed that the new website was a scam not associated with the defunct imprint.

## Distributed titles


title: Gondoletta

abstract: Gondoletta is a water ride in amusement park Efteling in the Netherlands. It was developed by Intamin; designed by Ton van de Ven and started operating in 1981.

text:
# Gondoletta

**Gondoletta** is a water ride in amusement park Efteling in the Netherlands. It was developed by Intamin (as a *Tow boat ride*); designed by Ton van de Ven and started operating in 1981.

## History and details

*Gondoletta* is the attraction with the strongest connection to the roots of the  *Foundation Nature Park the Efteling*. With the destruction of a large part of the Dutch economy during the Second World War the rampant unemployment of the time forced the government to institute New Deal –like employment programs.
In the case of Kaatsheuvel, the local employment agency formed a joint- venture with The *Royal Dutch Moor Company'* (or " Koninklijke Nederlandsche Heidemaatschappij" in Dutch); the part of the company involved with land reclamation and development still exists today under the name Arcadis.
The development of the nature park started in 1950 with the construction of a lake; connected to a decorative ponds with a channel, forests and recreation facilities.
For the construction of *Gondoletta* the channel had to be diverted to create a closed circuit; it no longer connects to the canoe -pond but curves back to the Decorative Pond.

The ride's boarding platform uses a rotating disk, a system later implemented in Carnival Festival, Fata Morgana and Piraña.
The boats themselves were originally designed for Fata Morgana, the ride that opened in 1986 on another water location in the park.

The ride shows the park's spectacular landscaping, passing through the Channel and the Decorative Pond (harbouring a large population of Basses, Pike Perches and Carpses) up to the Railroad Bridge of the Efteling Steam Train Company (which crosses the pond at ground level): 50,000 square meters of seasonal plants, like 200,000 tulips, 50,000 violets and hundreds of thousands of Begonias, Narcissuses, African daisy, Rhododendrons, Begonias, Busy Lizzies, *Pelargonium* geraniums, and Lobelias, amongst others, are planted on the banks of the forests of pine, conifer and deciduous trees and ferns.
Some 150 different species of water birds have been sighted, most noticeably Black swans, Mandarin ducks, Mallards, Egyptian geese, Moorhens, Coots, Black-headed gulls and Grey herons

Ride length: 20 minutes; 1000 meters
Ride capacity: 40 boats; 1100 passengers/ hour
Cost: €2 million

On one of the ride's islands, that connects the Brink with the Rough Realm using bridges, a Wishing well is located since 1985 that collects money for the foundation Save the Children. In the well a small fish pushes a gold plate around; if one throws a coin on the dish a wish may be made. Since then €130,000 has been collected from the well (in 2006 almost €6,000).

## Music

The softly playing music in the boats is harp concert *Allegro Brillante* (11 minutes) from François-Adrien Boieldieu from his *Concerto pour Harpe et Orchestre en ut majeur Op.82* (1801). The same music can be heard at the Little Mermaid.

51°39′02″N 5°03′05″E / 51.65056°N 5.05139°E / 51.65056; 5.05139


title: Thisizima ceratella

abstract: Thisizima ceratella is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in India, Burma, Thailand, western Malaysia and on the Anambas Islands.

text:
# Thisizima ceratella

***Thisizima ceratella*** is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in India, Burma, Thailand, western Malaysia and on the Anambas Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Thisizima ceratella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | *Thisizima* |
| Species: | ***T. ceratella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thisizima ceratella***<br>Walker, 1864 | |
|


title: Mian Sheheryar

abstract: Mian Sheheryar was a Pakistani television and film music composer.

text:
# Mian Sheheryar

**Mian Sheheryar** (1927  9 January 2011) was a Pakistani television and film music composer.

## Early life and career

Mian Sheheryar was born in Lahore, Punjab, British India in 1927. After completing his basic education, he obtained a master's degree from the University of the Punjab, Lahore. He started his career with Radio Pakistan, Lahore as a singer in 1948. In 1954, he recorded some of his compositions with His Master's Voice (HMV) label. Then he worked with some well-known musicians of that time including Niaz Hussain Shami, Sharif Ghaznavi, Ustad Sardar Khan and Feroz Nizami.

He joined the Pakistani television at its Lahore center since its inception in 1964, stayed with it and worked there for over 40 years until his death in 2011. He is credited with introducing many singers  Naseem Begum (only on PTV \- Ghulam Ahmed Chishti had already introduced her in film *Guddi Gudda* (1956)), classical music and ghazal singer Hamid Ali Khan, Irene Perveen, folk singer Iqbal Bahu, Shabnam Majeed and Hadiqa Kiani. All these singers he introduced, as we know now, achieved success later in the Pakistani film industry and television.

Some of the Pakistani folk singers he helped develop their career include Suraiya Khanum and Tarannum Naz.

Some of his music assistants that had worked with him at the PTV television center at Lahore, later became accomplished composers themselves - for example his former harmonium player Rafiq Hussain who later became a music composer himself but has died in September 2020.

| Song | Singer | Lyricist | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Nainon Mein Jal Bhar Aaye, Moorakh Mun Tarpaye, Rooth Gaya Mera Pyar* | Naseem Begum | Mushir Kazmi | Film *Begunah* (1958) |
| *Aei Watan Kay Sajeelay Jawano, Mere Naghme Tumhare Liye Hein* | Noor Jehan | Jamiluddin Aali | A highly popular song from the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 |
| Paani Da Bulbula | Yaqoob Atif Bulbula | Mian Sheheryar | A Pakistan Television Corporation production
Composer: Mian Sheheryar |
| *Qaseeda Burda Sharif* or *Qaṣīda al-Burda* (Poem of the Mantle), in praise of Muhammad | Humera Arshad, Fariha Pervez and singer Khurshid Anwar | Imam Sharfuddin Al-Busiri | A Pakistan Television Corporation production |
|

## Awards and recognition

## Death and legacy

Mian Sheheryar died in his hometown Lahore, Pakistan at the Shalamar Hospital on 9 January 2011 at the age of 84. Some of his PTV colleagues including PTV's Lahore general Manager Farrukh Bashir, former PTV producer Mushtaq Sufi and music critic/newspaper columnist Amjad Parvez attended his funeral.

An event was held at the Punjab Institute of Language, Art and Culture (PILAC) in February 2011 to pay tribute to the memory of music composer Mian Sheheryar where the noted playwright and writer Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Amjad Parvez, PILAC Director Sughra Sadaf and Pakistan Television Corporation Deputy Managing Director Shahid Nadeem highlighted his contributions to the music of Pakistan.

## InfoBox

| Mian Sheheryar | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1927
Lahore, Punjab, British India |
| Died | 9 January 2011(2011-01-09) (aged 83–84)
Lahore, Pakistan |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Occupation(s) | Music composer - TV and film |
| Awards | Pride of Performance Award by the President of Pakistan in 1992 |


title: Glaphyria semiferrealis

abstract: Glaphyria semiferrealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Glaphyria semiferrealis

***Glaphyria semiferrealis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Glaphyria semiferrealis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Glaphyria* |
| Species: | ***G. semiferrealis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glaphyria semiferrealis***<br>(Hampson, 1898) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scybalista semiferrealis* Hampson, 1898 | |


title: Hiram J. Ball

abstract: Hiram Jerome Ball was an American politician and farmer. Born in Hanover, Chautauqua County, New York, Ball moved to Wisconsin Territory in 1846. In 1859, Ball moved to California and then moved back to Jefferson County, Wisconsin in 1862. He was a farmer and lived in Palmyra, Wisconsin. In 1871 and in 1878, Ball served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. Ball lived in San Jose, California from 1883 until his death in 1908. Ball died from heart failure at his home in San Jose, California.

text:
# Hiram J. Ball

**Hiram Jerome Ball** (November 9, 1832  December 16, 1908) was an American politician and farmer.

Born in Hanover, Chautauqua County, New York, Ball moved to Wisconsin Territory in 1846. In 1859, Ball moved to California and then moved back to Jefferson County, Wisconsin in 1862. He was a farmer and lived in Palmyra, Wisconsin. In 1871 and in 1878, Ball served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. Ball lived in San Jose, California from 1883 until his death in 1908. Ball died from heart failure at his home in San Jose, California.


abstract: Go! Go! Beckham! Adventure on Soccer Island is a platform video game developed by Denki and published by Rage Software for the Game Boy Advance. It was released in Europe in 2002 and was not released in other regions. The game follows the main character, David Beckham, on his quest to defeat the evil Mister Woe in order to restore peace to Soccer Island. Beckham can use his football in order to collect items and to remove enemies from play. Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell called the game the best original platform game on the Game Boy Advance released in 2002. As of 2009, Adventure on Soccer Island has received a compilation score of 75% from GameRankings.

text:
# Go! Go! Beckham! Adventure on Soccer Island

***Go! Go! Beckham! Adventure on Soccer Island*** is a platform video game developed by Denki and published by Rage Software for the Game Boy Advance. It was released in Europe in 2002 and was not released in other regions.

The game follows the main character, David Beckham, on his quest to defeat the evil Mister Woe in order to restore peace to Soccer Island. Beckham can use his football in order to collect items and to remove enemies from play. Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell called the game the best original platform game on the Game Boy Advance released in 2002. As of 2009, *Adventure on Soccer Island* has received a compilation score of 75% from GameRankings.

## Gameplay

The gameplay focuses on completing levels and collecting items to progress; there are around forty levels to complete. The fantastical level design is similar to the type seen in *Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island* and other 16 bit era games, while the gameplay is reminiscent of *Soccer Kid*.

*Adventure on Soccer Island* utilizes the football skills of its real-life protagonist, David Beckham, as game mechanics. David Beckham must use his soccer ball in order to defeat enemies, collect items and progress through levels. Beckham normally dribbles the soccer ball, but the player can kick the ball in any direction to collect items and defeat enemies. Beckham can level up certain attributes after performing them enough; for example, his kicking skill can level up after he has kicked the ball enough.

The plot of the game centres around Mister Woe, who has invaded Soccer Island; Mister Woe has taken all "precious things", and turned all the animals of the island into monsters. It is up to David Beckham to save the island.

## Reception

The game received mostly positive reviews from critics, who were surprised at the game's quality; currently, the game has received a compilation score of 75% from GameRankings. Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell noted that the game beat his low expectations, and called the game the "best original platformer on the GBA this year." IGN's Ben Cartledge felt that the game beat most other third-party platform games for the GBA. Jeuxvideo's Nicolas Charciarek had a more negative impression, comparing the game unfavorably as a "clone" of *Super Mario Advance*.

Criticism focused mostly on the game's short length and ease of play. IGN's Ben Cartledge noted that the game was easily finished quickly, but that the real time spent in the game was focused on collecting items throughout gameplay. Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell felt that the game was too easy, and wished there was more content.

## InfoBox

| Go! Go! Beckham!<br>Adventure on Soccer Island | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Denki |
| Publisher(s) | Rage Software |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy Advance |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Platformer |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Gold Horse Casino

abstract: Gold Horse Casino is a First Nations casino located in Lloydminster, Canada, situated on the Saskatchewan side of the provincial border. Operated by the Saskatchewan Indian Gaming Authority (SIGA), the 49,000-square-foot (4,600 m⁲) facility broke ground on June 12, 2017, and opened to the public on December 21, 2018, after a formal opening ceremony on the 20th. Lloydminster MLA Colleen Young was in attendance for both events. It is Saskatchewan's seventh tribal casino, and includes a gaming floor with slot machines, 5 table games, and 18 electronic table games, as well as an events center, meeting area, and a bar and grill. The facility is situated on land owned by the Little Pine First Nation, who holds the municipal service agreement with the city of Lloydminster. A consortium known as the Border Tribal Council is the landlord and facility developer of the property, which is leased to the SIGA as operator.

text:
# Gold Horse Casino

**Gold Horse Casino** is a First Nations casino located in Lloydminster, Canada, situated on the Saskatchewan side of the provincial border.

Operated by the Saskatchewan Indian Gaming Authority (SIGA), the 49,000-square-foot (4,600 m2) facility broke ground on June 12, 2017, and opened to the public on December 21, 2018, after a formal opening ceremony on the 20th. Lloydminster MLA Colleen Young was in attendance for both events. It is Saskatchewan's seventh tribal casino, and includes a gaming floor with slot machines, 5 table games, and 18 electronic table games, as well as an events center, meeting area, and a bar and grill.

The facility is situated on land owned by the Little Pine First Nation, who holds the municipal service agreement with the city of Lloydminster. A consortium known as the Border Tribal Council (which includes the Beardy's, Canoe Lake, Lucky Man, Onion Lake, Pelican Lake, and Poundmaker nations among others) is the landlord and facility developer of the property, which is leased to the SIGA as operator.

## InfoBox

| Gold Horse Casino
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | 3910 41 Street
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan
S9V 2K8 |
| Opening date | December 21, 2018 |
| Casino type | Land |
| Owner | Border Tribal Council |
| Operating license holder | Saskatchewan Indian Gaming Authority |
| Coordinates | 53°16′34″N 109°58′49″W / 53.2760452°N 109.9801601°W / 53.2760452; -109.9801601 |
| Website | goldhorsecasino.ca |


title: PTOV1

abstract: Prostate tumor overexpressed gene 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTOV1 gene.

text:
# PTOV1

**Prostate tumor overexpressed gene 1 protein** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *PTOV1* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| PTOV1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | PTOV1, ACID2, PTOV-1, prostate tumor overexpressed 1, extended AT-hook containing adaptor protein, PTOV1 extended AT-hook containing adaptor protein | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 610195; MGI: 1933946; HomoloGene: 9687; GeneCards: PTOV1; OMA:PTOV1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      NM\_133949   RefSeq (protein)      NP\_598710   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 49.85 – 49.86 Mb Chr 7: 44.51 – 44.52 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Oyfn Sheydweg

abstract: Oyfn Sheydweg is a 1930 novel by Eli Schechtman. It is his first published work.

text:
# Oyfn Sheydweg

***Oyfn Sheydweg*** (*At the Crossroads*)  is a 1930 novel by Eli Schechtman. It is his first published work.

## Plot summary

The novel describes the decline of the shtetl after the October Revolution. Sсhechtman's heroes go through difficult times of “crossroads”; to the place described by Shekhtman, the revolution “doesn’t drive along a wide highway, but drags heavily in gardens, rolls down a mountain, leaning against the Jews like a thundercloud”.

## InfoBox

At the Crossroads
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Eli Schechtman |
| Original title | *אפן שיידוועג* |
| Language | Yiddish |
| Publisher | Kharḳoṿ; Melukhe-farlag fun Ukraine, 1930 |
| Publication date | 1930 |
| Publication place | Ukraine |


title: PWG World Tag Team Championship

abstract: The PWG World Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship contested for in the tag team division of the Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) promotion. It was created and debuted on January 25, 2004, at PWG's Tango & Cash Invitational – Night Two event, where B-Boy and Homicide were crowned the inaugural champions. Being a professional wrestling championship, title reigns are not won legitimately; they are instead won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline. The title has been referred to as the PWG Tag Team Championship and as the PWG World Tag Team Championship since 2004. There have been a total of 36 reigns among 38 wrestlers and 27 teams.

text:
# PWG World Tag Team Championship

The **PWG World Tag Team Championship** is a professional wrestling world tag team championship contested for in the tag team division of the Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) promotion. It was created and debuted on January 25, 2004, at PWG's Tango & Cash Invitational – Night Two event, where B-Boy and Homicide were crowned the inaugural champions.

Being a professional wrestling championship, title reigns are not won legitimately; they are instead won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline. The title has been referred to as the PWG Tag Team Championship and as the PWG World Tag Team Championship since 2004. There have been a total of 36 reigns among 38 wrestlers and 27 teams.

## History

On January 25, 2004, PWG debuted their version of a tag team championship, which they named the PWG Tag Team Championship. B-Boy and Homicide won a two night tournament named the Tango & Cash Invitational to become the first champions at Tango & Cash Invitational – Night Two. The championship was defended for the first time outside the United States on February 18, 2006, when then-champions, Davey Richards and Super Dragon, defeated Cape Fear (El Generico and Quicksilver) in Essen, Germany at PWG's European Vacation – Germany event. After this event and one held on February 19, 2006 in Orpington, England where the championship was defended once again, PWG renamed the championship to the PWG World Tag Team Championship. The championship later changed hands for the first time outside the United States on October 27, 2007, at PWG's European Vacation II – England event, where then-champions Kevin Steen and El Generico were defeated by Davey Richards and Super Dragon in Portsmouth, England. On July 27, 2014, Candice LeRae became the first female wrestler to hold the title, when she and Joey Ryan defeated The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson) to become the new champions. On June 16, 2017, Penta el Zero M and Rey Fenix successfully defended the title in Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico.

## Reigns

The inaugural champions were B-Boy and Homicide, who won the championship by defeating the team of The American Dragon and Super Dragon in the finals of the Tango & Cash Invitational Tag Team Tournament on January 25, 2004, at PWG's Tango & Cash Invitational – Night Two event. At 801 days and counting, The Rascalz (Zachary Wentz and Dezmond Xavier) are the longest reigning tag team champions in their first reign. The Unbreakable F'n Machines' (Brian Cage and Michael Elgin) only reign, Monster Mafia's (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) only reign and the Beaver Boys' (Alex Reynolds and John Silver) only reign share the record for the shortest in the title's history at less than one day. PWG publishes a list of successful championship defenses (victories against challengers for the championship) for each champion on their official website, unlike most other professional wrestling promotions, for unknown reasons. As of September 2024, The Young Bucks have the most defenses, with 15; Twelve teams are tied for having the least, with 0. Those teams and reigns are B-Boy's and Homicide's only reign, The X–Foundation/The Dynasty (Joey Ryan and Scott Lost)'s first and second reigns, Chris Bosh's and Quicksilver's only reign, The Aerial Xpress (Quicksilver and Scorpio Sky)'s only reign, Davey Richards and Roderick Strong's only reign, B-Boy and Super Dragon's second reign, Jack Evans and Roderick Strong's only reign, The Age of the Fall (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black)'s only reign, the Unbreakable F'n Machines' (Brian Cage and Michael Elgin) only reign, Monster Mafia's (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) only reign, the Beaver Boys' (Alex Reynolds and John Silver) only reign and Andrew Everett and Trevor Lee's only reign. The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) hold the record for most reigns, with four.

1.  – Though the event "Eleven" started on July 26, 2014, the title change took place after midnight on July 27.

## InfoBox

| PWG World Tag Team Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date established | January 25, 2004 |
| Current champion(s) | Kings of the Black Throne
(Malakai Black and Brody King) |
| Date won | September 26, 2021 |
| Other name(s) | |
| * PWG Tag Team Championship
(2004 - 2006) * **PWG World Tag Team Championship
(2006 - present)** | |
| Statistics  First champion(s) B-Boy and Homicide  Most reigns (as a team)
The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) (4 reigns)
(as an individual)
Super Dragon (6 reigns)  Longest reign The Rascalz
(Zachary Wentz and Dezmond Xavier) (2352 days)  Shortest reign Beaver Boys (Alex Reynolds and John Silver), Monster Mafia (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) and Unbreakable F'n Machines (Brian Cage and Michael Elgin) (\<1 day)  Oldest champion Super Dragon (36 years, 201 days)  Youngest champion Pac (20 years, 271 days)  Heaviest champion Brody King (285 lb (129 kg))  Lightest champion Candice LeRae (110 lb (50 kg)) | |


title: PWG Mystery Vortex

abstract: Mystery Vortex is an annual professional wrestling event produced by Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). The event is titled as such because most of the matches are not announced beforehand to captivate the audiences with surprise matches. The event is notable for unannounced returns of major PWG wrestlers, surprise debuts of major stars and matches often being announced during the event.

text:
# PWG Mystery Vortex

**Mystery Vortex** is an annual professional wrestling event produced by Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). The event is titled as such because most of the matches are not announced beforehand to captivate the audiences with surprise matches. The event is notable for unannounced returns of major PWG wrestlers, surprise debuts of major stars and matches often being announced during the event.

## Dates, venues and main events

| # | Event | Date | City | Venue | Main Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mystery Vortex | December 1, 2012 | Reseda, California | American Legion Post #308 | Kevin Steen (c) vs. Adam Cole in a Guerrilla Warfare for the PWG World Championship |
| 2 | Mystery Vortex II | March 28, 2014 | | | Adam Cole (c) vs. Candice LeRae for the PWG World Championship |
| 3 | Mystery Vortex III: Rock And Shock The Nation | June 26, 2015 | | | Andrew Everett and Trevor Lee (c) vs. The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) for the PWG World Tag Team Championship |
| 4 | Mystery Vortex IV | December 16, 2016 | | | Zack Sabre Jr. (c) vs. Marty Scurll for the PWG World Championship |
| 5 | Mystery Vortex V | December 1, 2018 | | | Ricochet (c) vs. Chuck Taylor in a Guerrilla Warfare for the PWG World Championship |
| 6 | Mystery Vortex VI | October 5, 2019 | Los Angeles, California | Globe Theatre | Darby Allin vs. Joey Janela in a Guerrilla Warfare |
| 7 | Mystery Vortex 7 | August 1, 2021 | | | Bandido (c) vs. Black Taurus for the PWG World Championship |
| 8 | Twenty: Mystery Vortex | August 13, 2023 | | | Daniel Garcia (c) vs. Mike Bailey in an Iron Man match for the PWG World Championship |

## Results

### Mystery Vortex I

| Mystery Vortex I | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | December 1, 2012 |
| City | Reseda, California |
| Venue | American Legion Post #308 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Failure To Communicate **Next**
Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
First **Next**
II | |

One of the PWG's six co-founders and the promotion's veteran Joey Ryan wrestled his farewell match in the promotion against Scorpio Sky due to signing a contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Ryan lost the match.

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eddie Edwards and Roderick Strong defeated The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) | Tag team match | 14:55 |
| 2 | Sami Callihan defeated Drake Younger | Singles match
Match one in a Best of Three Series to determine the #1 contender for the PWG World Championship | 16:51 |
| 3 | The Super Smash Brothers (Player Uno and Stupefied) (c) defeated The RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma) | Tag team match for the PWG World Tag Team Championship | 14:27 |
| 4 | Scorpio Sky defeated Joey Ryan | Singles match | 11:51 |
| 5 | Willie Mack defeated B-Boy, Brian Cage and T.J. Perkins | Four-Way match | 13:11 |
| 6 | El Generico defeated Rich Swann | Singles match | 14:56 |
| 7 | Eddie Edwards and Roderick Strong defeated The Super Smash Brothers (Player Uno and Stupefied) | Tag team match | 12:13 |
| 8 | Adam Cole defeated Kevin Steen (c) | Guerrilla Warfare for the PWG World Championship | 20:55 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Mystery Vortex II

| Mystery Vortex II | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | March 28, 2014 |
| City | Reseda, California |
| Venue | American Legion Post #308 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament **Next**
CZW/PWG WrestleCon | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
 **Next**
III | |

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Andrew Everett defeated Cedric Alexander and Trevor Lee | Three-Way match | 12:08 |
| 2 | B-Boy, Joey Ryan and Willie Mack defeated The RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma) and Peter Avalon | Six-man tag team match | 11:29 |
| 3 | Roderick Strong defeated Anthony Nese | Singles match | 16:53 |
| 4 | The Unbreakable F'N Machines (Brian Cage and Michael Elgin) defeated The Inner City Machine Guns (Rich Swann and Ricochet) and The African American Wolves (ACH and AR Fox) | Three-Way tag team match | 29:05 |
| 5 | Chris Hero defeated Tommaso Ciampa | Singles match | 19:36 |
| 6 | Kyle O'Reilly defeated Johnny Gargano | Singles match | 27:50 |
| 7 | The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) (c) defeated Best Friends (Chuck Taylor and Trent) | Tag team match for the PWG World Tag Team Championship | 17:54 |
| 8 | Adam Cole (c) defeated Candice LeRae | Singles match for the PWG World Championship | 14:26 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Mystery Vortex III

| Mystery Vortex III: Rock And Shock The Nation | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | June 26, 2015 |
| City | Reseda, California |
| Venue | American Legion Post #308 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament **Next**
Threemendous IV | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
II **Next**
IV | |

Josh Alexander competed in his farewell match at the event as he retired from wrestling due to neck injury. Monster Mafia lost to World's Cutest Tag Team in Alexander's farewell match. The event featured the surprise return of The Young Bucks after a four-month absence, who interrupted Andrew Everett and Trevor Lee to an impromptu match and defeated them to win the PWG World Tag Team Championship, thanks to interference by the PWG World Champion Roderick Strong. After the match, Super Dragon made his surprise return to PWG after a three-year absence and attacked Rick Knox, Excalibur, Candice LeRae, Andrew Everett, Trevor Lee, Biff Busick and Mike Bailey in quick succession. Strong subsequently formed the Mount Rushmore 2.0 faction with Dragon and the Bucks.

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tommaso Ciampa defeated Johnny Gargano | Singles match | 18:36 |
| 2 | The World's Cutest Tag Team (Candice LeRae and Joey Ryan) defeated The Monster Mafia (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) | Tag team match | 12:17 |
| 3 | Biff Busick defeated Timothy Thatcher | Singles match | 11:36 |
| 4 | Roderick Strong (c) defeated Mike Bailey | Singles match for the PWG World Championship | 18:50 |
| 5 | Brian Cage defeated John Silver | Singles match | 13:57 |
| 6 | Zack Sabre Jr. defeated Chris Hero by total knockout | Singles match | 24:00 |
| 7 | The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) defeated Andrew Everett and Trevor Lee (c) | Tag team match for the PWG World Tag Team Championship | 14:13 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Mystery Vortex IV

| Mystery Vortex IV | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | December 16, 2016 |
| City | Reseda, California |
| Venue | American Legion Post #308 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Battle of Los Angeles **Next**
Only Kings Understand Each Other | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
III **Next**
 | |

Chris Hero wrestled his farewell match in PWG at the event, in which Death By Elbow lost to reDRagon. Hero cut a promo after the match, in which he explained his departure due to re-signing with WWE.

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Trent? defeated Candice LeRae | Singles match | 12:36 |
| 2 | Trevor Lee defeated ACH | Singles match | 14:54 |
| 3 | Matt Sydal defeated Pete Dunne | Singles match | 17:23 |
| 4 | reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) defeated Death By Elbow (Chris Hero and JT Dunn) | Tag team match | 27:07 |
| 5 | Chuck Taylor defeated Adam Cole | Singles match to determine the #1 contender for the PWG World Championship | 9:59 |
| 6 | Jeff Cobb and Matthew Riddle defeated The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) | Tag team match | 18:47 |
| 7 | Zack Sabre Jr. (c) defeated Marty Scurll | Singles match for the PWG World Championship | 37:23 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Mystery Vortex V

| Mystery Vortex V | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | January 12, 2018 |
| City | Reseda, California |
| Venue | American Legion Post #308 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
All Star Weekend 13 **Next**
Neon Knights | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
IV **Next**
VI | |

Ricochet's PWG World Championship title defense against Chuck Taylor in a Guerrilla Warfare was his farewell match. He cut a promo after losing the title.

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | David Starr defeated Fred Yehi | Singles match | 18:42 |
| 2 | Joey Janela defeated Morgan Webster | Singles match | 13:54 |
| 3 | Sammy Guevara defeated Rey Fenix | Singles match | 13:50 |
| 4 | Keith Lee defeated Zack Sabre Jr. | Singles match | 19:09 |
| 5 | Trent? defeated Marty Scurll | Singles match | 20:10 |
| 6 | The Chosen Bros (Jeff Cobb and Matthew Riddle) (c) defeated Ringkampf (Timothy Thatcher and WALTER) | Tag team match for the PWG World Tag Team Championship | 18:29 |
| 7 | Chuck Taylor defeated Ricochet (c) | Guerrilla Warfare for the PWG World Championship | 23:56 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Mystery Vortex VI

| Mystery Vortex VI | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | October 5, 2019 |
| City | Los Angeles, California |
| Venue | Globe Theatre |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Two Hundred **Next**
Sixteen | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
 **Next**
 | |

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Trey Miguel defeated Tony Deppen | Singles match | 9:08 |
| 2 | Chuck Taylor defeated Orange Cassidy | Singles match | 13:47 |
| 3 | Jeff Cobb (c) defeated Jonathan Gresham | Singles match for the PWG World Championship | 14:22 |
| 4 | Brody King defeated Jake Atlas and Trent? | Three-Way match | 13:35 |
| 5 | Jungle Boy defeated Puma King | Singles match | 8:39 |
| 6 | The Rascalz (Dezmond Xavier and Zachary Wentz) (c) defeated Flamita and Rey Horus | Tag team match for the PWG World Championship | 10:03 |
| 7 | Darby Allin defeated Joey Janela | Guerrilla Warfare | 21:59 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Mystery Vortex 7

| Mystery Vortex 7 | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| Date | August 1, 2021 |
| City | Los Angeles, California |
| Venue | Globe Theatre |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
The Makings of a Varsity Athlete **Next**
Threemendous VI | |
| Mystery Vortex chronology | |
| **Previous**
VI **Next**
Twenty: Mystery Vortex | |

It was PWG's first event after hiatus during the COVID-19 pandemic, the last event being The Makings of a Varsity Athlete, which took place on December 20, 2019. Super Dragon made his surprise return to the promotion by joining Black Taurus and Demonic Flamita in assaulting Bandido after Bandido retained the PWG World Championship against Taurus. This prompted AEW star Malakai Black, who formerly competed in PWG as Tommy End, to make his surprise return to the promotion after a five-year absence, having last competed at the 2016 Battle of Los Angeles. Black rescued Bandido from the assault and was joined by Brody King and the two formed a tag team with Black promising to appear at Threemendous VI.

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tony Deppen defeated Jack Cartwheel | Singles match | 11:30 |
| 2 | Brody King defeated JD Drake | Singles match | 12:22 |
| 3 | Demonic Flamita defeated Arez | Singles match | 15:40 |
| 4 | Jonathan Gresham defeated Lee Moriarty | Singles match | 23:34 |
| 5 | Aramis and Rey Horus defeated Myron Reed and Trey Miguel | Tag team match | 11:15 |
| 6 | Orange Cassidy defeated Evil Uno | Singles match | 11:03 |
| 7 | Bandido (c) defeated Black Taurus | Singles match for the PWG World Championship | 16:25 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

### Twenty: Mystery Vortex

## InfoBox

| Mystery Vortex | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotions | Pro Wrestling Guerrilla |
| First event | Mystery Vortex I |
| Event gimmick | Event with the element of mystery and surprises as matches are not announced beforehand |


title: PFL 9 (2022)

abstract: The PFL 9 mixed martial arts event for the 2022 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 20, 2022, at the Copper Box Arena in London, England. This was the start of the playoffs for the Women's Lightweight and Featherweight divisions.

text:
# PFL 9 (2022)

The ***PFL 9*** mixed martial arts event for the 2022 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 20, 2022, at the Copper Box Arena in London, England. This was the start of the playoffs for the Women's Lightweight and Featherweight divisions.

## Background

This event will mark the third and final PFL playoff card, with the Women's Lightweight and Featherweight playoffs holding their semifinal bouts with the semi-finals having UFC vet Chris Wade facing Brendan Loughnane, while Ryoji Kudo facing Bubba Jenkins.

The Women's Lightweight bracket sees UFC vet Larissa Pacheco take on Olena Kolesnyk while Kayla Harrison faces Martina Jindrová in the other lightweight semifinal.

## Results

| Main Card (ESPN/ESPN+) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Women's Lightweight | Kayla Harrison | def. | Martina Jindrová | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | 1 | 3:17 |  |
| Featherweight | Brendan Loughnane | def. | Chris Wade | Decision (unanimous) (30–27, 30–27, 30–27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Women's Lightweight | Larissa Pacheco | def. | Olena Kolesnyk | TKO (punches) | 1 | 2:09 |  |
| Featherweight | Bubba Jenkins | def. | Ryoji Kudo | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 1 | 1:49 |  |
| Women's Flyweight | Dakota Ditcheva | def. | Hassna Gaber | TKO (submission to knee to the body) | 1 | 0:58 |  |
| Light Heavyweight | Simeon Powell | def. | João Paulo Fagundes | TKO (leg kicks) | 2 | 1:56 |  |
| Preliminary card (ESPN+) | | | | | | | |
| Heavyweight | Stuart Austin | def. | Sofiane Boukichou | Decision (split) (29–28, 28–29, 30–27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Lightweight | Aleksandrs Čhižhovs | def. | Omar Hussein | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 2 | 4:12 |  |
| Bantamweight | Zebenzui Ruiz | def. | Raphael Uchegbu | Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Postliminary card (ESPN+) | | | | | | | |
| Lightweight | Marcin Held | def. | Myles Price | Submission (guillotine choke) | 2 | 2:37 |  |
| Heavyweight | Abraham Bably | def. | Louie Sutherland | Decision (unanimous) (30–27, 30–27, 30–27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Welterweight | Magnus Onyeka Iversen | def. | Tayo Odunjo | TKO (punches) | 1 | 4:36 |  |
| Bantamweight | Ali Taleb | def. | Darius Mafi | Technical Submission (guillotine choke) | 1 | 1:58 |  |

## 2022 PFL Women's Lightweight playoffs

|  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **1** | **Larissa Pacheco** | **TKO** |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | 4 | Olena Kolesnyk | 1 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | 1 | Larissa Pacheco |  |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 2 | Kayla Harrison |  |  |
|  | **2** | | | | | | **Kayla Harrison** | **SUB** |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | 3 | Martina Jindrová | 1 |  |

**Legend**
| (SD) |  | (Split Decision) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (UD) |  | (Unanimous Decision) |
| (MD) |  | (Majority Decision) |
| SUB |  | Submission |
| (T)KO |  | (Technical) Knock Out |
| L |  | Loss |

## 2022 PFL Featherweight playoffs

|  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1 | Chris Wade | 3 |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | **4** | **Brendan Loughnane** | DEC |  | |
|  | | | | |  | 4 | Brendan Loughnane |  |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 3 | Bubba Jenkins |  |  |
|  | 2 | | | | | | Ryoji Kudo | 1 |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | **3** | **Bubba Jenkins** | **SUB** |  |

**Legend**
| (SD) |  | (Split Decision) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| (UD) |  | (Unanimous Decision) |
| (MD) |  | (Majority Decision) |
| SUB |  | Submission |
| (T)KO |  | (Technical) Knock Out |
| L |  | Loss |

1. "2022 PFL playoff schedule includes U.K. doubleheader, promotion's first international shows". *ca.sports.yahoo.com*. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
2. Lee, Alexander K. (2022-05-24). "PFL to make London debut for 2022 playoffs, postseason begins in New York on Aug. 5". *MMA Fighting*. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
3. "2022 PFL playoff schedule includes U.K. doubleheader, promotion's first international shows". *MMA Junkie*. 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
4. "2022 PFL playoff schedule includes U.K. doubleheader, promotion's first international shows". *MMA Junkie*. 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
5. "PFL 9 (2022 season)". *pflmma.com*. Retrieved 2022-06-27.

## InfoBox

| PFL 9 | |
| --- | --- |
| The poster for PFL 9 | |
| Promotion | Professional Fighters League |
| Date | August 20, 2022 (2022-August-20) |
| Venue | Copper Box Arena |
| City | London, England |
| Event chronology | |
| PFL 8 PFL 9 PFL 10 | |


title: Goldbug, Kentucky

abstract: Goldbug is an unincorporated community located in Whitley County, Kentucky, United States. A post office was established in the community in 1896. The name Goldbug is thought to refer to supporters of the central gold standard issue in the 1896 United States presidential election.

text:
# Goldbug, Kentucky

**Goldbug** is an unincorporated community located in Whitley County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office was established in the community in 1896. The name Goldbug is thought to refer to supporters of the central gold standard issue in the 1896 United States presidential election.

## InfoBox

| Goldbug | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| GoldbugLocation within the state of KentuckyGoldbugGoldbug (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 36°47′33″N 84°10′5″W / 36.79250°N 84.16806°W / 36.79250; -84.16806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Whitley |
| Elevation | 1,122 ft (342 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EST) |
| GNIS feature ID | 512337 |


title: Goldbug Hot Springs

abstract: Goldbug Hot Springs is a hot spring located in the Salmon-Challis National Forest about 20 miles south of Salmon, Idaho. The spring is along Warm Spring Creek and there are about six waterfall-fed pools. Goldbug is listed as having a temperature of 113 °F (45 °C), but the temperature of the pools will vary depending on the time of year. The pools have a sand/gravel bottom and are dammed by boulders. Due to the hike and remoteness of the trailhead, it is not usually crowded. Water from Goldbug Hot Springs flows into Warm Springs Creek, which flows into the Salmon River.

text:
# Goldbug Hot Springs

**Goldbug Hot Springs** is a hot spring located in the Salmon-Challis National Forest about 20 miles south of Salmon, Idaho. The spring is along Warm Spring Creek and there are about six waterfall-fed pools. Goldbug is listed as having a temperature of 113 °F (45 °C), but the temperature of the pools will vary depending on the time of year. The pools have a sand/gravel bottom and are dammed by boulders. Due to the hike and remoteness of the trailhead, it is not usually crowded.

Water from Goldbug Hot Springs flows into Warm Springs Creek, which flows into the Salmon River.

## Recreation

The trailhead for Goldbug Hot Springs can be accessed from a well maintained dirt road off US 93 near mile marker 282. The first .25 miles (0.40 km) of the trail is on private land that is part of a Bureau of Land Management easement. Hikers will experience 1,350 feet (410 m) in elevation gain along the 2 miles (3.2 km) hike. The trail is maintained with sturdy bridges, and there are sections where hikers will be climbing steps. The last .5 miles (0.80 km) of the hike is the steepest, and the trail continues beyond the hot spring itself.

Camping is prohibited at the trailhead, on the easement and within 500 feet (150 m) of the hot spring itself. Along the trail, however, there are numerous primitive campgrounds. There is also a campground above the highest pool along Warm Spring Creek. Overnight campers will enjoy almost zero light pollution.

The hot spring is free and open year-round. It is not unusual to find visitors skinny dipping.

## Weather

While the hot spring is open year-round, heavy snow in the winter may cause difficulties in accessing it. Temperatures in the pools will be rather chilly in the winter. Summertime temperatures can get extremely hot, and it is suggested that hikers bring extra water and sunblock with them.

| Climate data for Salmon KSRA (1971–2000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 28.4
(−2.0) | 37.0
(2.8) | 49.7
(9.8) | 59.9
(15.5) | 69.1
(20.6) | 77.9
(25.5) | 87.3
(30.7) | 85.5
(29.7) | 74.9
(23.8) | 60.3
(15.7) | 40.7
(4.8) | 29.2
(−1.6) | 58.3
(14.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 9.3
(−12.6) | 15.2
(−9.3) | 24.7
(−4.1) | 31.8
(−0.1) | 39.5
(4.2) | 46.1
(7.8) | 50.9
(10.5) | 48.5
(9.2) | 40.4
(4.7) | 30.2
(−1.0) | 21.0
(−6.1) | 11.4
(−11.4) | 30.8
(−0.7) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.68
(17) | 0.49
(12) | 0.54
(14) | 0.79
(20) | 1.42
(36) | 1.42
(36) | 1.03
(26) | 0.82
(21) | 0.77
(20) | 0.65
(17) | 0.73
(19) | 0.78
(20) | 10.12
(258) |
| Source: NOAA (normals, 1971–2000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Flora and Fauna

Plants and animals near Goldbug Hot Spring are what you would expect to see in the high desert. There are intermittent douglas fir and lodgepole pine trees along the riparian zone and in the higher elevations of the trail. Otherwise, sagebrush and native grasses are abundant mixed in with the rocky terrain.

It is not unusual to see snakes in the area, including venomous rattlesnakes. Big game, such as Mule deer can be seen occasionally, along with rare black bears. Jackrabbits, badgers and other small game are fairly common.

## InfoBox

| Goldbug Hot Springs | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking down from the top pool of Goldbug Hot Springs. | |
|  | |
| Location | Lemhi County, Idaho, United States |
| Coordinates | 44°54′18″N 113°55′44″W / 44.905°N 113.929°W / 44.905; -113.929 |
| Elevation | 6,200 feet (1,900 m) |
| Type | Hot spring |
| Temperature | 113 °F (45 °C) |
| Topo map | USGS Goldbug Ridge |


title: Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)

abstract: The Gold Standard (GS), or Gold Standard for the Global Goals, is a standard and logo certification mark program, for non-governmental emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Voluntary Carbon Market and other climate and development interventions. It is published and administered by the Gold Standard Foundation, a non-profit foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was designed with an intent to ensure that carbon credits are real, verifiable, and that projects make measurable contributions to sustainable development. The objective of the GS is to add branding, with a quality label, to carbon credits generated by projects which can then be bought and traded by countries that have a binding legal commitment according to the Kyoto Protocol, businesses, or other organizations for carbon offsetting purposes.

text:
# Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)

**The Gold Standard (GS)**, or **Gold Standard for the Global Goals**, is a standard and logo certification mark program, for non-governmental emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Voluntary Carbon Market and other climate and development interventions. It is published and administered by the Gold Standard Foundation, a non-profit foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was designed with an intent to ensure that carbon credits are real, verifiable, and that projects make measurable contributions to sustainable development. The objective of the GS is to add branding, with a quality label, to carbon credits generated by projects which can then be bought and traded by countries that have a binding legal commitment according to the Kyoto Protocol, businesses, or other organizations for carbon offsetting purposes.

## History

The Gold Standard for CDM (GS-CER) was developed in 2003 by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), South-North, and Helio International. **The Voluntary Gold Standard** (GS-VER), a standard for use within the voluntary carbon market, was launched in May 2006. The programs were created following a 12-month consultation period that included workshops and web-based consultation conducted by an independent standard advisory board composed of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), scientists, project developers and government representatives.

As of October 2018, more than 80 non-profit organizations internationally had officially endorsed the Gold Standard program.

The program is administered by the Gold Standard Foundation, a non-profit foundation under Swiss law that is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It also employs local experts in Brazil, India, and South Africa.

In July 2008, the Gold Standard Version 2.0 was released, including sets of guidelines and manuals on the GS requirements, toolkits, and other supporting documents to be used by project developers and DOEs. This relegated the previously applicable manuals to Version 1.0. The Version 2.0 also supports Program of Activities (PoA).

In July 2017, a new version called the Gold Standard for the Global Goals was released, superseding the previous Gold Standards.

In June 2024 Gold Standard released a Public Carbon Regulations tracker, commissioned by South Pole to increase visibility on regulations across continents for project developers.

## Scholarly recognition and criticisms

The Gold Standard is recognized by carbon market and scholars of carbon markets and climate change politics scholars as a prime example of voluntary standards. As a program certifying emissions trading programs, criticisms of the general practice of emissions trading may also generally apply to the Gold Standard certification program.

## Eligibility

To be eligible for Gold Standard Certification, a project must:

1. Be a Gold Standard-approved Renewable Energy Supply or End use Energy Efficiency, Afforestation/Reforestation or Agriculture project type
2. Be reducing one of the three eligible Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
3. Not employ Official Development Assistance (ODA) under the condition that the credits coming out of the project are transferred to the donor country
4. Not be applying for other certifications, to ensure there is no double counting of credits
5. Demonstrate its additionality by using the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC) Large Scale Additionality Tool; and show that the project is not a 'business-as-usual' scenario
6. Make a net-positive contribution to the economic as well as the environmental and social welfare of the local population that hosts it, in the form of contributions to a minimum of three Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

## The Gold Standard Registry

Status of projects that apply for Gold Standard can be tracked on its registry. Project Developers, Designated Operational Entities (DOEs) (also known as Validators), Traders and Buyers of credits can open accounts with the registry. There are various publicly available reports.


title: PMFBP1

abstract: Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the PMFBP1 gene.

text:
# PMFBP1

**Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1** is a protein that is encoded in humans by the *PMFBP1* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| PMFBP1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | PMFBP1, polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1, STAP, SPGF31 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 618085; MGI: 1930136; HomoloGene: 23182; GeneCards: PMFBP1; OMA:PMFBP1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001160213
NM\_031293   NM\_019938   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001153685
NP\_112583   NP\_064322   Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 72.11 – 72.18 Mb Chr 8: 110.22 – 110.27 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |