title: Flava (TV channel)

abstract: Flava was a British hip-hop music television channel owned by Sony Pictures Television. Launched in June 2004 as B4 TV by CSC Media Group, Flava broadcast hip-hop, urban, and R&B music from the late 1970s to the 2010s. It also occasionally aired films and original programming. The channel promoted itself as "100% Old Skool Hip-Hop/R&B 24/7."

text:
# Flava (TV channel)

**Flava** was a British hip-hop music television channel owned by Sony Pictures Television. Launched in June 2004 as B4 TV by CSC Media Group, Flava broadcast hip-hop, urban, and R&B music from the late 1970s to the 2010s. It also occasionally aired films and original programming. The channel promoted itself as "100% Old Skool Hip-Hop/R&B 24/7."

## History

Flava launched on 12 July 2004 as a test channel named B4, focusing on pop and dance music. It played pre-release music videos and allowed viewers to request songs.

B4 was available 24 hours a day on Sky channel 357 and was part of CSC Media Group's suite of music channels. The channel also produced an early morning music program that aired on Channel 4 from 2004, featuring new music videos scheduled for UK release.

The rebranding of B4 to Flava was indicated by a change in the Ofcom license and program guide references by early March 2008. Flava officially launched on 26 March 2008, as an all-urban music channel.

On 29 September 2009, Flava began broadcasting on Freesat channel 502, replacing Scuzz. On June 5, 2013, Flava swapped positions with Scuzz on Sky, moving from channel 367 to 374.

On 21 July 2014, Flava, along with Bliss, was removed from Freesat. On 23 April 2017, Flava introduced a new logo and updated its graphics, changing from blue to black, with red and yellow accents. The channel rebranded as a 100% Old Skool Hip Hop and R&B channel on 2 May 2017.

Flava abruptly ceased broadcasting on 1 November 2017, with *Juicy* by The Notorious B.I.G. as the final music video. The channel was subsequently removed from program guide references.

## Programming

* **99 Problems: Rap Anthems** \- We've got 99 rap anthems for you right now, so keep it Flava for Old Skool Eminem, Jay Z, Dr Dre, Snoop, 2Pac & more.
* **A-Z of Hip Hop** \- The ultimate countdown of the best Hip-Hop videos from artists A-Z.
* **Bass Believers** \- A collection of the best drum 'n' base tunes.
* **Big Tunes Fo' Shizzle** \- Non stop variety of Hip Hop Music
* **Block Rockin Beatz** \- A mix of big urban tunes.
* **Brand New! This Weeks Hottest** \- Brand new music, and the biggest new hip-hop and R&B music.
* **Breakfast Beats** \- Non-stop hip hop, rnb & drum 'n' bass music.
* **Britain's Next Urban Superstar with Jordan Kensington** \- The nationwide talent search ran by Jordan Kensington.
* **Charlie Sloth's Old Skool Takeover** \- BBC Radio 1Xtra presenter Charlie Sloth chooses his selection of old skool hip hop music.
* **Dope Morning Beats** \- The latest urban music on a morning.
* **Double Up** \- Back to back videos from the best urban artists around.
* **Drum 'n' Bass** \- A mix of the finest drum 'n' base music.
* **First for Flava** \- A collection of the newest urban music videos.
* **Flava at the Flicks** \- The best hip-hop music from movies
* **Freshest Beats** \- The latest urban music.
* **Garage Anthems** \- The best in new and classic garage tunes.
* **Godfathers of Hip Hop** \- The best music from male urban artists.
* **Hip Hop Download Chart** \- A countdown of the weeks most downloaded Hip-Hop tracks.
* **Hip Hop Number Ones** \- A collection of Hip-Hop number ones from recent years.
* **Hip Hop Vs Garage** \- A mash up of Hip-Hop and garage music.
* **Hip Hop Xplosion** \- A mix of the biggest Hip-Hop music.
* **In The Mix** \- The biggest urban, hip-hop, pop and R&B tunes, in the mix!
* **In The Mix: 90s Hip-Hop Anthems** \- Rap classics from the 90s, in the mix.
* **Masters of Hip Hop** \- Music from the founders of Hip-Hop.
* **Morning Rewind** \- Hip Hop from the 80s, 90s & 00s on a morning.
* **Non Stop Flava** \- Non-stop R&B and Hip-Hop music.
* **Official Flava Urban Chart** \- Get your daily fix of the hottest RnB, Hip Hop, grime and dance tracks in our massive Top 20 countdown.
* **Party Flava** \- Classic urban party tunes.
* **#PLAY** \- Interactive twitter block
* **#PLAY: Eminem and Friends** \- A special edition of #PLAY reserved for songs by Eminem and his collaborators.
* **#PLAY: Movie Soundtracks** \- A special edition of #PLAY featuring hip-hop music from movies.
* **R&B Download Chart** \- A countdown of the most downloaded R&B songs each week.
* **R&B Singles Chart** \- Countdown of the weeks' top R&B music.
* **Scratch Masters** \- Back to back scratch tunes from the experts.
* **Something for da Honeyz** \- The best music from male RnB/Hip-Hop artists.
* **Straight Outta Old Skool** \- Hip Hop from the 80s, 90s & 00s
* **The Jump Off** \- A collection of Hip-Hop music with the loudest beats.
* **Top 10 Biggest Tracks Now** \- The latest top 10 hottest urban tunes.
* **Top 20 Bad Boyz of Hip Hop** \- Countdown of the best male artists in Hip-Hop.
* **Top 20 Buff Boys** \- We unleash 20 of the buffest boys in hip hop music!
* **Turn Up The Flava** \- A collection of the best R&B music from the last two years.
* **Urban Beats** \- The best new and classic R&B and Hip-Hop music.
* **Urban Cutz** \- The latest R&B and Hip-Hop music.
* **Wake Up wit Flava** \- A mix of the latest new music.
* **Westwood TV** \- Interviews with artists from the hip hop scene
* **xXx: State of the Union**

### B4 programming

* **B4 Breakers** \- A countdown of the top ten most selected videos.
* **B4 Breakfast** \- An energetic mix of the latest pre-release songs.
* **B4 Dawn** \- Music from new artists and groups.
* **B4 Hits** \- A selection of the newest music.
* **B4 Loves...** \- An hour dedicated to the life and music of one artist or group.
* **B4's Big Ones** \- A mix of the biggest and best hits.
* **B4's Hot Hits** \- All the latest and most requested music videos.
* **B4's Lovin'**  \- The most requested new music.
* **B4's Most Selected** \- The top ten most requested music videos.
* **Brand New** \- All the biggest and newest music videos.
* **First on Friday** \- All the latest music videos every Friday.
* **Fresh New Tracks** \- A showcase of brand new music videos.
* **Most Requested** \- Songs most requested by the viewers.
* **Out Tomorrow** \- Brand new music that's released tomorrow.
* **Today's Most Selected** \- An hour of music videos selected by viewers.
* **Top 5** \- Five non interrupted songs from an artist or group.
* **Top Ten Bands to See This Week** \- A countdown of the top ten best bands to see in concert.
* **Videos to Cure a Hangover** \- A mix of the best non-stop music.
* **Wake Up with B4** \- A selection of fresh new music videos.

## InfoBox

Flava
| 2012 Logo | |
| --- | --- |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 16:9, 576i (SDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Sony Pictures Television |
| History | |
| Launched | 12 July 2004 |
| Closed | 1 November 2017 |
| Former names | B4 (2004-2008) |
| Links | |
| Website | www.essentialflava.com |


title: Royal City Curling Club

abstract: Construction of the Royal City Curling Club in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada, began in August 1965, and was completed in January 1966. The club's first president was George Reid, and its first ice maker was Don Bowman. Since its completion, renovations have been done on it twice, once in 1987 and again in 1994.

text:
# Royal City Curling Club

Construction of the **Royal City Curling Club** in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada, began in August 1965, and was completed in January 1966. The club's first president was George Reid, and its first ice maker was Don Bowman. Since its completion, renovations have been done on it twice, once in 1987 and again in 1994.

## National Representatives From Royal City CC

* 1972 - BC & Canadian Mixed Champion - Trev Fisher
* 1974 - BC Mixed Champion - Bill Kennedy
* 1980 - BC Ladies Champion - Joan Dexter
* 1985 - Senior Women's Champion - Lou Logan
* 1987 - BC Junior Men's Champion - Brent Pierce
* 1992 - BC Men's Champion - Jim Armstrong
* 1995 - BC Ladies Champion - Marla Geiger
* 1995 - BC Senior Men's Champion - Wayne Matthewson
* 1996 - Men's & Ladies' Deaf Curling Champions
* 1996 - BC Senior Men's Champion - Ed Dezura
* 1997 - BC Senior Men's Champion - Wayne Matthewson
* 1998 - BC Men's Champion - Greg McAulay
* 2000 - BC, Canadian & World Men's Champion - Greg McAulay
* 2000 - BC Master Men's Champion - Trev Fisher
* 2001 - BC Junior Men's Champion - Andrew Bilesky
* 2001 - Canadian Olympic Trials Champion - Kelley Law
* 2002 - BC Senior Men's Champion - Jamie McTavish
* 2002 - Olympic Bronze Medalists - Kelley Law Team
* 2004 - BC Juvenile Women's Champion - Kayla Chandler
* 2004 - BC Senior Ladies / Canadian Runner-up - Kathy Smiley
* 2004 - BC Ladies Champions - Georgina Wheatcroft
* 2004 - BC Men's Champions / Brier Semifinalist - Jay Peachey
* 2005 - BC Senior Ladies/Canadian Runner-up - Kathy Smiley
* 2005 - BC Senior Men's Champions - Jamie McTavish
* 2006 - Canadian Deaf Curling Champions - Bob Collins
* 2007 - Canadian Deaf Curling Champions - Bob Collins
* 2007 - BC Master Men's Champions - Hank Enns
* 2007 - BC Master Women's Champions - Eleanor Pierce
* 2007 - BC Senior Women's Champions / Canadian Runner-up - Kathy Smiley
* 2007 - BC Ladies Champions - Kelley Law
* 2008 - BC Mixed Champions - Bryan Miki
* 2008 - BC Junior Men's Champions - Jay Wakefield
* 2008 - BC & Canadian Master Men's Champions - Rick Pughe
* 2009 - BC Mixed Champions - Greg Monkman
* 2009 - BC Men's Champions - Sean Geall
* 2009 - BC Senior Women's Champions / Canadian Runner-up - Kathy Smiley
* 2009 - BC Masters Men's Champions / Canadian Runner-up - Rick Pughe
* 2009 - BC Master Women's Champions - Carol McFadden
* 2012 - BC Master Men's Champions - Rick Pughe
* 2013 - BC Mixed Doubles Champions - Tyler Tardi / Dezaray Hawes
* 2013 - BC Men's Champions - Andrew Bilesky
* 2014 - BC Junior Women's Champions / Canadian Runner-up - Kalia Van Osch
* 2014 - BC Juvenile Women's Champions - Dezaray Hawes
* 2014 - BC Juvenile Men's Champions - Brayden Carpenter
* 2015 - BC Juvenile Men's Champions / Optimist International Semi-Finalists - Matthew McCrady
* 2015 - BC Mixed Doubles Champions - Tyler Tardi / Dezaray Hawes
* 2015 - BC Mixed Champions - Dean Joanisse
* 2016 - BC Junior Men's Champions / Canadian Bronze Medalists - Tyler Tardi
* 2016 - BC Junior Women's Champions / Canadian Runner-up - Sarah Daniels
* 2016 - BC Juvenile Men's Champions / Optimist International Bronze Medalists - Matthew McCrady

## Major Events Hosted at Royal City CC

* 1997 - Canadian Police National Championship
* 2000 - B.C. Safeway Select
* 2001 - JVC Women's Skins Game


title: Eupoecilia reliquatrix

abstract: Eupoecilia reliquatrix is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Java in Indonesia.

text:
# Eupoecilia reliquatrix

***Eupoecilia reliquatrix*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Java in Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| *Eupoecilia reliquatrix* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eupoecilia* |
| Species: | ***E. reliquatrix*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupoecilia reliquatrix***<br>(Meyrick, 1928) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Clysia reliquatrix* Meyrick, 1928 * *Clysia opisthodonta* Diakonoff, 1941 * *Clysia opistodonta* Diakonoff, 1941 | |


title: Mendelssohn Quintette Club

abstract: The Mendelssohn Quintette Club (1849–1895) based in Boston, Massachusetts, was one of "the most active and most widely known chamber ensemble[s] in America" in the latter half of the 19th century. It toured throughout New England and beyond, including Georgia, California and Australia.

text:
# Mendelssohn Quintette Club

The **Mendelssohn Quintette Club** (1849–1895) based in Boston, Massachusetts, was one of "the most active and most widely known chamber ensemble\[s\] in America" in the latter half of the 19th century. It toured throughout New England and beyond, including Georgia, California and Australia.

## History

According to one scholar, the popularity of composer Felix Mendelssohn in America "gained momentum sharply after 1848, when more German musicians, some of whom had been Mendelssohn's pupils, emigrated to America. ... Influential ... was the Mendelssohn Quintette Club, which presented early American performances of several of Mendelssohn's works, including the Quintet in A major, Op. 18, with which the ensemble opened its first concert in 1849."

The Quintette consisted of Thomas Ryan, August Fries, Francis Riha, Eduard Lehmann, Wulf Fries, and others through the years. The group performed in Boston at Cochituate Hall, Boston Music Hall, Chickering & Sons' Hall, and the Melodeon; and outside of Boston at the Gloucester Lyceum, for example. Amongst the numerous 19th-century audience members appeared Sophia Peabody Hawthorne, who attended a concert in 1862 in Concord, Massachusetts, and mentioned it in her diary. "15 January, Wednesday. Storm of snow. General Pierce arrived at noon. ... Julian and I drove to Town Hall to hear the Quintette Club - Andante of fifth symphony of Beethoven. Drove home. Mrs Alcott came with us."

On October 11, 1866, the Mendelssohn Quintette Club gave the world premiere performance of Johannes Brahms's String Sextet No. 2 in G Major, op. 36.

In 1872 members of the Quintette established the "National College of Music," headquartered at Boston's Tremont Temple. The college employed professional music instructors, and attracted a substantial student body. After the fire of November 1872, the college lost many of its students (no longer able to afford tuition), and closed in 1873.

## Further reading

* Thomas Ryan. Recollections of an old musician. NY: E.P. Dutton & company, 1899. Google books
* Roger P. Phelps. The Mendelssohn Quintet Club: A Milestone in American Music Education. Journal of Research in Music Education, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Spring, 1960), pp. 39-44.
* Dowell, Richard Mace, "The Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston" (Kent State University, 1999).


title: Gondola no Uta

abstract: Gondola no Uta is a 1915 romantic ballad that was popular in Taishō period Japan. Lyrics were written by Isamu Yoshii, melody by Shinpei Nakayama. The lyrics of the song are presented as the advice of an experienced individual to younger souls regarding the fleeting nature of youth and the caution against missing the opportunities of youth when they are available and before they have passed with growing age.

text:
# Gondola no Uta

**Gondola no Uta** (ゴンドラの唄, "The Gondola Song") is a 1915 romantic ballad that was popular in Taishō period Japan. Lyrics were written by Isamu Yoshii, melody by Shinpei Nakayama. The lyrics of the song are presented as the advice of an experienced individual to younger souls regarding the fleeting nature of youth and the caution against missing the opportunities of youth when they are available and before they have passed with growing age.

## Lyrics

## Music

The music is written in three quarter time as a melancholy waltz in a major key played to a slow meter. Its structure is written to accompany four poetic stanzas where the first two verses of each stanza serve as a refrain throughout the entire song.

It was used as a theme song in Akira Kurosawa's 1952 film *Ikiru*. The terminally ill protagonist, played by Takashi Shimura, initially sings this romantic ballad as an expression of loss, and at the end with great contentment. His final performance of the song has been described as "iconic."

The song is also referenced in the Japanese manga titled *Fushigi Yûgi: Genbu Kaiden*.

This music is also used in a Japanese drama titled *Haikei, Chichiue-sama*.

The song is sung in Clemens Klopfenstein's film *Macao* (1988).

The song was also used in the Japanese TV show titled *Otomen*.

The line "fall in love maidens" (*Koi seyo otome*) is used as the subtitle of the video game *Sakura Wars 4*.

From the song, the phrase "Life is short, fall in love, maidens..." (*Inochi mijikashi, koi seyo otome...*) gained some popularity during the 1990s in Japan. Especially the phrase "Koi Seyo Otome" has been used as the title for several songs and a Japanese television drama.

In the anime series *Kirby: Right Back at Ya!*, Episode 42, King Dedede sings a version of the famous phrase "Life is short, fall in love, maidens..." (*Inochi mijikashi, koi seyo otome...*) but replaces "*otome*" with his own name, "Dedede". He sings this song on a swing set he built similar to the one in the film. However, this was only in the original version and was not translated into English.

The lyrics of the song were used in the novel *Boogiepop and Others*, as the leitmotif of Kamikishiro Naoko, one of the characters.

In the anime *Kitsutsuki Tanteidokoro* (*Woodpecker Detective's Office*), the song was recreated by the group "Now On Air" with mostly similar lyrics.

In the game *Bungō to Alchemist* (*Bungo and Alchemist*), character Yoshii Isamu (based on the real-life poet who wrote the lyrics of the song) recites the famous phrase, "Life is short, fall in love, maidens..." (*Inochi mijikashi, koi seyo otome...*) as one of the log in lines that plays when a player logs into the game.


title: Yangbajing Solar Park

abstract: The Yangbajing Solar Park is a 30 MWp photovoltaic power station located in Yangbajain, Tibet.

text:
# Yangbajing Solar Park

The **Yangbajing Solar Park** is a 30 MWp photovoltaic power station located in Yangbajain, Tibet.

## InfoBox

| Yangbajing Solar Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Official name | * 羊八井光伏电站 |
| Country | China |
| Location | Yangbajain, Tibet |
| Coordinates | 30°06′22″N 90°30′04″E / 30.10607°N 90.50106°E / 30.10607; 90.50106 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | 10 May 2012 |
| Construction cost | CNY 450 million |
| Solar farm | |
| Type | Flat-panel PV |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | 30 MW |
| Annual net output | 55 GWh |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Royal City (band)

abstract: Royal City was a Canadian indie rock band from Guelph.

text:
# Royal City (band)

**Royal City** was a Canadian indie rock band from Guelph.

## History

Royal City were formed in 1999 at Jim Guthrie's house in downtown Guelph, Ontario. The band was fronted by Aaron Riches, known in the local all ages punk scene for having booked and opening up for Fugazi, his releases on DROG Records, and for being the subject of a Robert Munsch book as a child. The band's first album, *At Rush Hour the Cars*, was released in 2000.

Originally called The Royal City All Stars, the band moved to Toronto after signing with Three Gut Records. At Three Gut, Royal City joined label mates Cuff the Duke and The Constantines in Toronto's early 2000s music scene. While working with many collaborators, the core of Royal City consisted of Aaron Riches, Lonnie James, Simon Osborne and Jim Guthrie. James replaced original drummer Nathan Lawr in 2002.

During their time as a band, Royal City toured across Canada, playing in Whitehorse, Yukon, and opening for Sarah Harmer. They performed at the 2002 South by South West festival. In 2002, a then-unknown Arcade Fire opened for the band on a series of tour dates, and in 2003 the band played in Sufjan Stevens' living room as their first show in New York City.

The band was also host to a number of notable collaborations, including Leslie Feist, Sufjan Stevens, Final Fantasy, Gentleman Reg and Bob Wiseman.

After disbanding in 2004, Aaron Riches went on to study radical orthodoxy under John Milbank at the University of Nottingham. Nathan Lawr continues to release music as a solo artist and with his band the Minotaurs. Jim Guthrie has achieved considerable success scoring the video game *Superbrothers: Sword & Sworcery EP*. and the film Indie Game: The Movie. He's also been a member of Human Highway, and has toured as part of Islands. Lonnie James went on to release two critically acclaimed solo records on Teenage USA records ( This Land is your Land, Dee-o).

In early 2009, Sufjan Stevens' Asthmatic Kitty records released *Royal City*, a collection of outtakes and b-sides.

## Members

## Collaborators

## Albums

## Singles

* "Small Singles Club" (EP) (2001)
* "I Called" – *City of Music* compilation (2002)
* "There's a Hole in My Heart" – *Ten; Ten* compilation (2002)
* "14.12.01" – *Recordings From CKLN’s Wired for Sound: 2001–2002* (2002) – A live recording of the song "Spacy Basement"
* "That My Head were A Spring" – *Comes With a Smile* issue 13 (2003)
* "Is This It" – *Stop Me If you Think you've Heard This One Before* – Various Artists Rough Trade (2004)
* "Tarry – "Comes with a smile" issue 16 (2004)

## Covered by

## InfoBox

| Royal City | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Guelph, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Indie rock |
| Years active | 1999 (1999)–2004 (2004) |
| Labels | Three Gut, Asthmatic Kitty, Low Transit Industries |
|  | |
| Past members | Aaron Riches
Jim Guthrie
Lonnie James
Simon Osborne
Nathan Lawr |


title: Niederrad

abstract: Niederrad is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the Ortsbezirk Süd and is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Niederrad-Nord, Niederrad-Süd and the new Niederrad-West.

text:
# Niederrad

**Niederrad** is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the *Ortsbezirk Süd* and is subdivided into the *Stadtbezirke* Niederrad-Nord, Niederrad-Süd and the new Niederrad-West.

## Geography

Niederrad is bordered in the north by the River Main, in the west by the A5 Autobahn, in the south by the Main Railway and Flughafenstraße, and in the east by the former racecourse, Kennedyallee and the Main-Neckar Railway.

Niederrad is the site of the western part of the University Hospital Frankfurt. Until 2018, the Bürostadt Niederrad was technically part of the Schwanheim district, but Niederrad now covers the entire Bürostadt, which has been renamed the Lyoner Quartier. The former Niederrad Racecourse – now home to a park and the academy of the German Football Association – is located administratively in the district of Sachsenhausen.

## History

The district is mainly designated as residential area, although it has a large office park (*Bürostadt*) in its western half. It includes the early social housing area of Bruchfeldstraße which was planned by the urban planners in the 1920s under the direction of Ernst May, the Adolf-Miersch housing area (1957/58) and the high-rise Mainfeld residential area (begun in 1963, built mainly during the early 1970s).

In 1151 Niederrad was mentioned for the first time in a document, referring to it simply as "Rode" (literally: "the clearing") in the imperial forest between Sachsenhausen and Schwanheim.

In 1193 the Sandhof, a (small) royal moated castle, is mentioned for the first time.

In 1221 the Sandhof passes into the possession of the Teutonic Order (until 1809).

In 1552 Niederrad and the Sandhof are put to the torch by Markgrave Alcibiades of Brandenburg.

In 1616, another fire almost completely burns Niederrad to the ground.

In 1726 the first Protestant church is built (now: Paul-Gerhard-Gemeinde).

Around 1750 the Sandhof gets a baroque architectural makeover.

Between 1761 and 74 the Frauenhof is built. The building is first used for a cotton printing factory by the merchant Johann Friedrich Müller.

Around 1850 Niederrad's population increases to 2,000 people.

In 1866 Niederrad, like Frankfurt am Main, is annexed by Prussia, as a result of the Austro-Prussian War.

In 1871 Niederrad's first catholic church is built.

In 1887 the Sandhof, who came into possession of the city government in 1884, is turned into a (part of) a hospital that would later become the hospital of the Frankfurt University.

On July 1 of 1900 Niederrad is officially integrated into the city of Frankfurt. (Population at the time: 8,800 people.) Before, it was only part of the surrounding district.

In 1930 Niederrad reaches a population of 14,000 people. At the same time the psychiatric clinic is built by Ernst May and Professor Elsässer.

In 1932/33 a new catholic church is built.

In 1944 the Sandhof is destroyed by allied bombardment. Other parts of Niederrad are also severely damaged.

In 1950 Niederrad's population reaches 18,000 people.

As of 2019, Niederrad had a population of 26,488 people.

## Public Transportation

Niederrad had multiple bus, train, and tram connections such as:

* Train lines
    + S7, S8 and S9
* Tram lines
    + 12, 15, 19, 20 and 21
* Bus lines
    + 61, 71, 78, 79, 80, 84 and N12

## The fossil plant site of Pliocene age in Niederrad

Fossil plant remains named in scientific literature as The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main in Germany, had been discovered in the excavation pit of the Höchst lock in 1884, a sandy clay layer, many more fossil seeds, fruits and leaves were uncovered in 1885 during the construction of the Frankfurt water clarifier in Niederrad.

## InfoBox

| Niederrad | |
| --- | --- |
| Quarter of Frankfurt am Main | |
|  | |
| Location of Niederrad (*red*) and the Ortsbezirk Süd (*light red*) within Frankfurt am Main | |
| Niederrad Niederrad | |
| Coordinates: 50°05′18″N 08°38′37″E / 50.08833°N 8.64361°E / 50.08833; 8.64361 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Hesse |
| Admin. region | Darmstadt |
| District | Urban district |
| City | Frankfurt am Main |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.894 km2 (1.117 sq mi) |
| Population (2020-12-31) | |
| Total | 27,043 |
| Density | 9,300/km2 (24,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 60528 |
| Dialling codes | 069 |
| Vehicle registration | F |
| Website | www.niederrad.de |


title: Marketing spending

abstract: Marketing spending is an organization's total expenditure on marketing activities. This typically includes advertising and non-price promotion. It sometimes includes sales force spending and may also include price promotions. In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 52 percent responded that they found the "marketing spending" metric very useful. To predict how selling costs change with sales, a firm must distinguish between fixed selling costs and variable selling costs. Recognizing the difference between fixed and variable selling costs can help firms account for the relative risks associated with alternative sales strategies. In general, strategies that incur variable selling costs are less risky because variable selling costs will remain lower in the event that sales fail to meet expectations.

text:
# Marketing spending

**Marketing spending** is an organization's total expenditure on marketing activities. This typically includes advertising and non-price promotion. It sometimes includes sales force spending and may also include price promotions. In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 52 percent responded that they found the "marketing spending" metric very useful.

To predict how selling costs change with sales, a firm must distinguish between fixed selling costs and variable selling costs. Recognizing the difference between fixed and variable selling costs can help firms account for the relative risks associated with alternative sales strategies. In general, strategies that incur variable selling costs are less risky because variable selling costs will remain lower in the event that sales fail to meet expectations.

## Purpose

This metric's purpose is to forecast marketing spending and assess budgeting risk. Marketing costs are often a major part of a firm’s overall discretionary expenditures. As such, they are important determinants of short-term profits. Of course, marketing and selling budgets can also be viewed as investments in acquiring and maintaining customers. From either perspective, however, it is useful to distinguish between fixed marketing costs and variable marketing costs. That is, managers must recognize which marketing costs will hold steady, and which will change with sales. Generally, this classification will require a "line-item by line-item" review of the entire marketing budget.

Rather than varying with unit sales, total variable selling costs are more likely to vary directly with the monetary value of the units sold – that is, with revenue. Thus, it is more likely that variable selling costs will be expressed as a percentage of revenue, rather than a certain monetary amount per unit. The classification of selling costs as fixed or variable will depend on an organization’s structure and on the specific decisions of management. A number of items, however, typically fall into one category or the other – with the proviso that their status as fixed or variable can be time specific. In the long run, all costs eventually become variable.

Over typical planning periods of a quarter or a year, fixed marketing costs might include:

* Sales force salaries and support.
* Major advertising campaigns, including production costs.
* Marketing staff.
* Sales promotion material, such as point-of-purchase sales aids, coupon production, and distribution costs.
* Cooperative advertising allowances based on prior-period sales.

Variable marketing costs might include:

* Sales commissions paid to sales force, brokers or manufacturer representatives.
* Sales bonuses contingent on reaching sales goals.
* Off-invoice and performance allowances to trade, which are tied to current volume.
* Early payment terms (if included in sales promotion budgets).
* Coupon face-value payments and rebates, including processing fees.
* Bill-backs for local campaigns (a bill-back requires customers to submit proof of performance to receive payment or credit whereas an off-invoice are simply deducted from invoice totals). These are conducted by retailers but reimbursed by national brand and cooperative advertising allowances, based on current period sales.

Marketers often do not consider their budgets in fixed and variable terms, but they can derive at least two benefits by doing so.

First, if marketing spending is in fact variable, then budgeting in this way is more accurate. Some marketers budget a fixed amount and then face an end-of-period discrepancy or "variance" if sales miss their declared targets. By contrast, a flexible budget – that is, one that takes account of its genuinely variable components – will reflect actual results, regardless of where sales end up. Second, the short-term risks associated with fixed marketing costs are greater than those associated with variable marketing costs. If marketers expect revenues to be sensitive to factors outside their control – such as competitive actions or production shortages – they can reduce risk by including more variable and less fixed spending in their budgets.

A classic decision that hinges on fixed marketing costs versus variable marketing costs is the choice between engaging third-party contract sales representatives versus an in-house sales force. Hiring a salaried – or predominantly salaried – sales force entails more risk than the alternative because salaries must be paid even if the firm fails to achieve its revenue targets. By contrast, when a firm uses third-party brokers to sell its goods on commission, its selling costs decline when sales targets are not met.

## Construction

*Total selling (marketing) costs ($)* = Total fixed selling costs ($) + Total variable selling costs ($) *Total variable selling costs ($)* = Revenue ($) * Variable selling cost (%)

**Variable costs**

There are many types of variable selling costs. For example, selling costs could be based upon a complicated formula, specified in a firm’s contracts with its brokers and dealers. Selling costs might include incentives to local dealers, which are tied to the achievement of specific sales targets. They might include promises to reimburse retailers for spending on cooperative advertising. Sales commissions represent one example of selling costs that vary in proportion to revenue. Consequently, any sales commissions should be included in variable selling costs.

**Fixed costs**

By contrast, payments to a website for a fixed number of impressions or click-throughs, in a contract that calls for specific financial compensation, would more likely be classified as fixed costs. On the other hand, payments for conversions (sales) would be classified as variable marketing costs.

* Farris, Paul W.; Neil T. Bendle; Phillip E. Pfeifer; David J. Reibstein (2010). *Marketing Metrics: The Definitive Guide to Measuring Marketing Performance.*


title: Eupithecia hastaria

abstract: Eupithecia hastaria is a moth in the family Geometridae described by William Warren in 1906. It is found in Brazil and Argentina.

text:
# Eupithecia hastaria

***Eupithecia hastaria*** is a moth in the family Geometridae described by William Warren in 1906. It is found in Brazil and Argentina.

## Subspecies

* *Eupithecia hastaria hastaria*
* *Eupithecia hastaria tango* Kocak, 2004

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia hastaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. hastaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia hastaria***<br>(Warren, 1906) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tephroclystia hastaria* Warren, 1906 * *Eupithecia hastaria nebulata* D. S. Fletcher, 1953 (preocc.) | |


title: Mendelssohn Club

abstract: Mendelssohn Chorus of Philadelphia is a music institution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1874 by William Wallace Gilchrist, a major figure in the 19th century music of Philadelphia. The chorus is currently under the direction of Dominick DiOrio. It was previously directed by Paul Rardin from 2015 to 2020, chair of the department of choral conducting at Temple University. Prior to Rardin's appointment, the chorus was led by Alan Harler from 1988 to 2015.

text:
# Mendelssohn Club

**Mendelssohn Chorus of Philadelphia** (formerly known as Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia and Mendelssohn Club Chorus of Philadelphia) is a music institution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1874 by William Wallace Gilchrist, a major figure in the 19th century music of Philadelphia. The chorus is currently under the direction of Dominick DiOrio (2020- ). It was previously directed by Paul Rardin from 2015 to 2020, chair of the department of choral conducting at Temple University. Prior to Rardin's appointment, the chorus was led by Alan Harler from 1988 to 2015.

## Discography

39°56′52″N 75°09′41″W / 39.94766°N 75.16148°W / 39.94766; -75.16148


title: Montpellier HSC in European football

abstract: This article lists results for French association football team Montpellier HSC in European competition.

text:
# Montpellier HSC in European football

This article lists results for French association football team **Montpellier HSC** in European competition.

## Participations

As of 4 December 2012, Montpellier have competed in:

### Record by competition

*As of 4 December 2012*

| Competition | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Goals
for | Goals
against |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UEFA Champions League | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 12 |
| UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 3 |
| UEFA Europa League | 10 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 15 |
| UEFA Intertoto Cup | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 31 | 14 |
|
| **Total** | **38** | **13** | **10** | **15** | **54** | **44** |
|

## Matches in Europe

| Season | Competition | Round | Country | Club | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988–89 | UEFA Cup | First round | POR | S.L. Benfica | 0–3 (H), 1–3 (A) |
| 1990–91 | Cup Winners' Cup | First round | NED | PSV Eindhoven | 1–0 (H), 0–0 (A) |
| | | Second round | ROM | Steaua București | 5–0 (H), 3–0 (A) |
| | | Quarter-final | ENG | Manchester United | 1–1 (A), 0–2 (H) |
| 1996–97 | UEFA Cup | First Round | POR | Sporting CP | 1–1 (H), 0–1 (A) |
| 1997 | UEFA Intertoto Cup | Group 10 | ROM | Gloria Bistrita | 1–2 (A) |
| | | | FR Yugoslavia | FK Čukarički | 3–1 (H) |
| | | | BUL | Spartak Varna | 1–1 (A) |
| | | | NED | Groningen | 3–0 (H) |
| | | Semifinals | GER | FC Koln | 1–0 (H), 1–2 (A) |
| | | Finals | FRA | Olympique Lyonnais | 0–1 (H), 2–3 (A) |
| 1999 | UEFA Intertoto Cup | Second round | AZE | Qarabağ | 6–0 (H), 3–0 (A) |
| | | Third round | ESP | Espanyol | 2–1 (H), 2–0 (A) |
| | | Semi finals | GER | Duisburg | 3–0 (A), 1–1 (H) |
| | | Finals | GER | SV Hamburg | 1–1 (A), 1–1 (H) |
| 1999–2000 | UEFA Cup | First Round | FR Yugoslavia | Red Star Belgrade | 1–0 (A), 2–2 (H) |
| | | Second Round | ESP | Deportivo de La Coruña | 1–3 (A), 0–2 (H) |
| 2010–11 | Europa League | Third qualifying round | HUN | Győr | 1–0 (A), 0–1 (H) |
| 2012–13 | Champions League | Group B | ENG | Arsenal | 1–2 (H), 0–2 (A) |
| | | | GER | Schalke 04 | 2–2 (A), 1–1 (H) |
| | | | GRE | Olympiacos | 1–2 (H), 1–3 (A) |

## InfoBox

Montpellier HSC in European football
| Club | Montpellier HSC |
| --- | --- |
| First entry | 1988–89 UEFA Cup |
| Latest entry | 2012–13 UEFA Champions League |
| Titles | |
| Champions League | 0 |
| Europa League | 0 |
| Cup Winners' Cup | 0 |
| Super Cup | 0 |


title: Yaprak (magazine)

abstract: Yaprak was a biweekly magazine published in Ankara, Turkey, between 1949 and 1951. It is known for its founder and editor-in-chief Orhan Veli Kanık, a Turkish poet. The title of the magazine was a reference to its format since it was published on a single sheet.

text:
# Yaprak (magazine)

***Yaprak*** (Turkish: *Sheet*) was a biweekly magazine published in Ankara, Turkey, between 1949 and 1951. It is known for its founder and editor-in-chief Orhan Veli Kanık, a Turkish poet. The title of the magazine was a reference to its format since it was published on a single sheet.

## History and profile

*Yaprak* was established by Orhan Veli Kanık and was first published on 1 January 1949. The magazine was headquartered in Ankara and came out biweekly. Its contributors were leading figures, including Sabahattin Eyüboğlu, Mahmut Dikerdem, Melih Cevdet Anday, Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu and Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı. Of them, Mahmut Dikerdem financed the magazine in the initial period. In addition to art-centered articles *Yaprak* covered social and political articles. It called for the release of Nazım Hikmet Ran who had been in prison. The last issue of the magazine appeared on 1 June 1950. A special issue was published on 1 February 1951 after the death of Orhan Veli Kanık. It produced a total of 29 issues during its lifetime.

The full issues of *Yaprak* were archived by TUSTAV.

## InfoBox

*Yaprak*
| Editor-in-chief | Orhan Veli Kanık |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Biweekly |
| Founder | Orhan Veli Kanık |
| First issue | 1 January 1949 |
| Final issue | 1 February 1951 |
| Country | Turkey |
| Based in | Ankara |
| Language | Turkish |


title: Owen Dowling

abstract: Owen Douglas Dowling was an Anglican bishop in Australia. Dowling was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. He was a secondary school teacher until 1959. He was ordained in 1960 and was a curate at Sunshine and Deer Park in the Diocese of Melbourne. He then became the vicar of St Philip's West Heidelberg and then the precentor and organist at St Saviour's Cathedral, Goulburn. From 1968 to 1972 he was the rector of South Wagga Wagga and then the Archdeacon of Canberra. On 25 March 1981, he was consecrated an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn and on 15 November 1983 was elected its diocesan bishop. He was installed on 17 December 1983. In April 1992 he was charged with soliciting after allegedly approaching and off-duty police officer. Charges were dropped in August that year after Victorian Director of Public Prosecutions deemed the case not in the public interest. Downwling retired on 1 January 1993. Dowling was an early protagonist for the ordination of women. His last positions were incumbencies in Tasmania at St James' New Town, Hobart and Christ Church, Longford. Dowling was married to Gloria; after his death she became a novice in the Community of the Holy Name. She died in 2020.

text:
# Owen Dowling

**Owen Douglas Dowling** (1934 – 2008) was an Anglican bishop in Australia.

Dowling was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. He was a secondary school teacher until 1959. He was ordained in 1960 and was a curate at Sunshine and Deer Park in the Diocese of Melbourne. He then became the vicar of St Philip's West Heidelberg and then the precentor and organist at St Saviour's Cathedral, Goulburn. From 1968 to 1972 he was the rector of South Wagga Wagga and then the Archdeacon of Canberra.

On 25 March 1981, he was consecrated an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn and on 15 November 1983 was elected its diocesan bishop. He was installed on 17 December 1983. In April 1992 he was charged with soliciting after allegedly approaching and off-duty police officer. Charges were dropped in August that year after Victorian Director of Public Prosecutions deemed the case not in the public interest. Downwling retired on 1 January 1993. Dowling was an early protagonist for the ordination of women.

His last positions were incumbencies in Tasmania at St James' New Town, Hobart and Christ Church, Longford.

Dowling was married to Gloria; after his death she became a novice in the Community of the Holy Name. She died in 2020.

## Publications

* *Music and an Australian Prayer Book*. AIO Press. 1978. ISBN 978-0-908089-15-4. with Lawrence Bartlett
* *Searching Questions on Healing: A Christian Perspective*. Order of Saint Luke The Physician in Australia. 2005. ISBN 978-0-908460-30-4. with Steven Hallam
* *Power to Be Witnesses*. Anglican Information Office. 1988. ISBN 978-0-949108-81-4.

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend<br>Owen Douglas Dowling | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Canberra and Goulburn | |
| Church | Anglican Church of Australia |
| Province | New South Wales |
| Diocese | Canberra and Goulburn |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1934-10-11)11 October 1934 |
| Died | 7 May 2008(2008-05-07) (aged 73) |


title: Flores (song)

abstract: "Flores" is the ninth single by Titãs. It was released in 1989 on WEA. A completely reworked acoustic version of the song was later featured on their Acústico MTV live album, with Branco Mello sharing vocals with Marisa Monte. The chorus riff was composed by drummer Charles Gavin, one of the song's co-writers.

text:
# Flores (song)

"**Flores**" is the ninth single by Titãs. It was released in 1989 on WEA. A completely reworked acoustic version of the song was later featured on their *Acústico MTV* live album, with Branco Mello sharing vocals with Marisa Monte. The chorus riff (used in the opening of the *Acústico MTV* version) was composed by drummer Charles Gavin, one of the song's co-writers.

## Music video

The music video of "Flores" won the 1990 MTV Video Music Brasil award. It shows the band performing the song among flowers and shadows that float around the members.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Music | Lead vocals | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Flores" (*Flowers*) | Tony Bellotto, Sérgio Britto, Charles Gavin and Paulo Miklos | Branco Mello | 3:27 |

## InfoBox

| "Flores" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Titãs | |
| from the album  *Õ Blésq Blom* | |
| Released | 1989 |
| Genre | Rock, Power pop |
| Label | WEA |
| Songwriter(s) | Tony Bellotto, Sérgio Britto, Charles Gavin and Paulo Miklos |
| Producer(s) | Liminha |
| Titãs singles chronology | |
| "Marvin (Patches)"
(1988) "**Flores**"
(1989) "Domingo"
(1995) | |


title: Nongsom-Foulbé

abstract: Nongsom-Foulbé is a village in the Kongoussi Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. As at 2005 it had a population of 187.

text:
# Nongsom-Foulbé

**Nongsom-Foulbé** is a village in the Kongoussi Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. As at 2005 it had a population of 187.

## InfoBox

| Nongsom-Foulbé | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Centre-Nord Region |
| Province | Bam Province |
| Department | Kongoussi Department |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 187 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT 0) |


title: Hot stick

abstract: In the electric power distribution industry, a hot stick is an insulated pole, usually made of fiberglass, used by electric utility workers when engaged on live-line working on energized high-voltage electric power lines, to protect them from electric shock. Depending on the tool attached to the end of the hot stick, it is possible to test for voltage, tighten nuts and bolts, apply tie wires, open and close switches, replace fuses, lay insulating sleeves on wires, and perform various other tasks while not exposing the crew to a large risk of electric shock. Hot sticks are made in different lengths, from simple 3-foot (1 m) sticks to 30-foot (9 m) telescoping models. Because the fiberglass provides electrical insulation, the hot stick allows utility workers to perform operations on power lines safely without de-energizing them or while the state of the power line is not yet known. This is essential because certain operations must occasionally be performed on an energized line. Additionally, after a fault occurs, the exact state of a line may not be certain; in this case, for reasons of crew safety, the utility workers must treat the line as though it were energized until it can be proven that it is not and safety ground cables can be applied to the line. If power tools are fitted to the end of the hot stick, they are usually powered hydraulically rather than electrically because, like the fiberglass of the hot stick, the hydraulic fluid is also a good insulator. The hydraulic power is commonly supplied from the bucket truck supporting the workers. The hot stick not only electrically insulates the worker from the energized conductor, it provides physical separation from the device being operated, to reduce the chances of burns which might result from electrical arcing if there is a malfunction of the device being operated. In the United States, ASTM Standard F 711 specifies the stringent requirements for hot sticks, and U.S. OSHA standards require that they be inspected and electrically tested every two years.

text:
# Hot stick

In the electric power distribution industry, a **hot stick** is an insulated pole, usually made of fiberglass, used by electric utility workers when engaged on live-line working on energized high-voltage electric power lines, to protect them from electric shock. Depending on the tool attached to the end of the hot stick, it is possible to test for voltage, tighten nuts and bolts, apply tie wires (twisted lengths of ductile wire which fasten the running cable to its supporting insulators), open and close switches, replace fuses, lay insulating sleeves on wires, and perform various other tasks while not exposing the crew to a large risk of electric shock.

Hot sticks are made in different lengths, from simple 3-foot (1 m) sticks to 30-foot (9 m) telescoping models. Because the fiberglass provides electrical insulation, the hot stick allows utility workers to perform operations on power lines safely without de-energizing them or while the state of the power line is not yet known. This is essential because certain operations (such as opening or closing combination fuse/switches) must occasionally be performed on an energized line. Additionally, after a fault occurs, the exact state of a line may not be certain; in this case, for reasons of crew safety, the utility workers must treat the line as though it were energized until it can be proven that it is not and safety ground cables can be applied to the line (so that the line is guaranteed to remain grounded/earthed while maintenance is performed upon it). If power tools are fitted to the end of the hot stick, they are usually powered hydraulically rather than electrically because, like the fiberglass of the hot stick, the hydraulic fluid is also a good insulator. The hydraulic power is commonly supplied from the bucket truck (cherry picker or aerial work platform) supporting the workers.

The hot stick not only electrically insulates the worker from the energized conductor, it provides physical separation from the device being operated, to reduce the chances of burns which might result from electrical arcing if there is a malfunction of the device being operated.

In the United States, ASTM Standard F 711 specifies the stringent requirements for hot sticks, and U.S. OSHA standards require that they be inspected and electrically tested every two years.

## History

In 1916 in Atlanta, Georgia, a tool that was known as an "electrical hook" was introduced. "This was essentially a spring-type clamp for tapping energized circuits. The electrical hook necessitated a hot stick for installation purposed, and its use suggested additional tools which were soon developed for grounding and jumper service, applying parallel groove clamps, handling conductors, pulling cotter pins and manipulating tie wires. There soon followed a hack saw, a hot line come-along, and saddles which could be attached to poles for supporting certain tools". The first accepted hot line tools were rated for 34 kV but many linemen were hesitant to use the hot stick in such operations with this high of voltage. With fear from workers hot line maintenance was restricted to 22 kV, and less. Linemen later began to realize that using hot line tools kept them at a safe distance from lines that were energized and slowly began to lose their fear of hot line work. Years later "restrictions were gradually relaxed until 1930 when several companies began permitting hot line operations to be performed on 66 kV lines. This soon rose to 110 kV until in the late Thirties the astonishing news was circulated that a West Coast line of 220 kV had been successfully worked "hot".

In March 1948 a milestone was passed "when O.G. Anderson and M.R. Parkin, Hot Line Tool Specialistsof the A.B. Chance Company, changed suspension insulators on the 287 kV Hoover Dam, Los Angeles Line, using tools specially designed for the job. The A.B. Chance Company is now (1954) building tools that will successfully handle the 345 kv lines, presently under construction. At the present time there are few jobs that cannot be performed hot, and about the only limitation to this type of work results from the type of construction employed."

Early hot sticks were made from wood and need to be lightweight to prevent fatigue on linemen. Sitka spruce is the most popular wood used in the construction of hot sticks due to its light weight, strength, and excellent electrical properties. Hot sticks are now generally made from high strength plastics with an aluminum alloy head. This makes for an even lighter hot stick. "Insulation characteristics and strength of the tools are of major importance, as the linemen's safety depends upon these things. The ease with which the tool handles, the relief from fatigue, the manner in which it operates when engaging a tie wire, strain clamp insulator, or conductor are also important considerations."


title: Hot stain

abstract: A hot stain is a region of the world where safe drinking water has been depleted. The term may have been coined by Goldman Environmental Prize winning hydrologist Michal Kravcik. Hot stains can be found on every continent, except for Antarctica. The biggest reason for a hot stain to develop is population pressure. As the population grows, water demand increases. Although the earth is covered in 97% water, only 1% of that water is available for human consumption. Hot stains can cause great harm to a regions agricultural ability and can lead to food scarcity, famine, and even the abandonment of the region. Maude Barlow an environmental activist, head of the Council of Canadians, and founder of the Blue Planet Project has used the term 'hot stain' in regard to water resources. In 2005, Maude Barlow received Sweden's Right Livelihood Award.

text:
# Hot stain

A **hot stain** is a region of the world where safe drinking water has been depleted. The term may have been coined by Goldman Environmental Prize winning hydrologist Michal Kravcik. Hot stains can be found on every continent, except for Antarctica. The biggest reason for a hot stain to develop is population pressure. As the population grows, water demand increases. Although the earth is covered in 97% water, only 1% of that water is available for human consumption. Hot stains can cause great harm to a regions agricultural ability and can lead to food scarcity, famine, and even the abandonment of the region.

Maude Barlow an environmental activist, head of the Council of Canadians, and founder of the Blue Planet Project has used the term 'hot stain' in regard to water resources. In 2005, Maude Barlow received Sweden's Right Livelihood Award.

## Water resources

'Hot stains' areas are one term given where water reserves are disappearing. These areas include the Middle East, Northern China, Mexico, California and almost two dozen countries in Africa. Today thirty-one countries and over 1 billion people completely lack access to clean water. The global freshwater crisis looms as one of the greatest threats ever to the survival of our planet according to Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke in an article in The Nation magazine.

* Kirk James Murphy, M.D. (July 12, 2008). "The End of Drinking Water?". Fire Dog Lake. Retrieved 2010-03-19. A hot stain is a region of the world which is beginning to run out of safe water to drink.
* David Barsamian (2008-03-16). "Maude Barlow: The Global Water Crisis, an interview". Munich American Peace Committee. Archived from the original on 2009-10-06. Retrieved 2010-03-19. A hot stain is a part of the world that's actually running out. It isn't cyclical drought, or it's a combination of cyclical drought and lack of water that reinforces itself. These are parts of the world that are literally not going to be habitable without trucking in water or finding some new source of water. They are running out of water.
* "Fair water use". Fair Water Use. Archived from the original on 2011-02-20. Retrieved 2010-03-19. Australia has been identified a "hot stain": a region of the Earth currently running out of potable water.


title: No World Order (Gamma Ray album)

abstract: No World Order is the seventh full-length album by the German power metal band Gamma Ray released in 2001. A music video was made for the song "Eagle".

text:
# No World Order (Gamma Ray album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *Metal Storm* | (9.8/10) |
| Lords of Metal | (8.8/10) |
| Sputnikmusic |  |

***No World Order*** is the seventh full-length album by the German power metal band Gamma Ray released in 2001. A music video was made for the song "Eagle".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kai Hansen, except where noted

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Induction" | 1:01 |
| 2. | "Dethrone Tyranny" (Zimmermann) | 4:14 |
| 3. | "The Heart of the Unicorn" | 4:46 |
| 4. | "Heaven or Hell" | 4:16 |
| 5. | "New World Order" | 5:01 |
| 6. | "Damn the Machine" (Zimmermann) | 5:04 |
| 7. | "Solid" | 4:23 |
| 8. | "Fire Below" | 5:34 |
| 9. | "Follow Me" (Richter) | 4:43 |
| 10. | "Eagle" | 6:06 |
| 11. | "Lake of Tears" (Richter) | 6:48 |

Japanese edition bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Trouble" (Richter) | 5:19 |

## Personnel

### Production

* Mixed at: Hansen Studio, Hamburg, Germany
* Engineered by: Dirk Schlächter, Kai Hansen

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 19 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 70 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 23 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 44 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 13 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 27 |

## Credits

* Cover Painting by: Hervé Monjeaud
* Digital Artwork and Booklet-design by: Henjo Richter

## InfoBox

| No World Order | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Gamma Ray | |
| Released | 10 September 2001 |
| Recorded | April–July 2001, Hansen Studio, Hamburg, Germany |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 52:00 |
| Label | Sanctuary |
| Producer | Dirk Schlächter and Kai Hansen |
| Gamma Ray chronology | |
| *Power Plant*
(1999) ***No World Order***
(2001) *Majestic*
(2005) | |


title: Hour Game

abstract: Hour Game is a crime fiction novel written by American writer David Baldacci. This is the second installment in the King and Maxwell book series. The book was published on October 26, 2004, by Warner Books.

text:
# Hour Game

***Hour Game*** is a crime fiction novel written by American writer David Baldacci. This is the second installment in the King and Maxwell book series. The book was published on October 26, 2004, by Warner Books.

## Plot

A woman is found murdered in the woods. It seems like a simple case, but soon escalates into a terrible nightmare. Someone is replicating the killing styles of the most infamous murderers of all time. No one knows this criminal's motives—or who will die next.

Two ex-Secret Service agents, Sean King and Michelle Maxwell, have been hired to defend a man's innocence in a burglary involving an aristocratic family. Then a series of secrets leads the partners right into a frantic hunt that is confounding even the FBI. Now King and Maxwell are playing the Hour Game, uncovering one horrifying revelation after another and putting their lives in danger. For the closer they get to the truth, the closer they get to the most shocking surprise of all.

## InfoBox

Hour Game
| Hardcover edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David Baldacci |
| Language | English |
| Series | The second book in the King and Maxwell (book series) |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Publisher | Warner Books |
| Publication date | October 26, 2004 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print, e-book, audiobook |
| Pages | 736 pp. |
| ISBN | 978-0446577106 |
| Preceded by | *Split Second* |
| Followed by | *Simple Genius* |


title: Hoplorana fuscovestita

abstract: Hoplorana fuscovestita is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970. It is known from Madagascar.

text:
# Hoplorana fuscovestita

***Hoplorana fuscovestita*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970. It is known from Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Hoplorana fuscovestita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Hoplorana*** |
| Species: | ***H. fuscovestita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hoplorana fuscovestita***<br>Breuning, 1970 | |
|


title: Hoshi wo Sagashite...

abstract: Hoshi wo Sagashite..., unofficially titled The Story of Mio in English, is a 1988 adventure game for the Mark III/Master System. The game revolves around a dog-like alien creature and his family. Selling price of the game was 5500 yen at that moment. One player game only.

text:
# Hoshi wo Sagashite...

***Hoshi wo Sagashite...*** (星をさがして…, *"Searching for the Stars"*), unofficially titled ***The Story of Mio*** in English, is a 1988 adventure game for the Mark III/Master System. The game revolves around a dog-like alien creature and his family.

Selling price of the game was 5500 yen at that moment. One player game only.

## Gameplay

The game is controlled with a text-based interface with multiple commands. There are two different endings to the game in addition to an altered sequence and a definite game over situation. Places to visit include the airport, the park, and various homes.

This game has been translated into English by the Homebrew community and offered on American Sega Master System cartridges under the title "The Story of Mio." "Story of Mio" is the subtitle for the original game.

## InfoBox

| Hoshi wo Sagashite | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover Art | |
| Developer(s) | Sega |
| Publisher(s) | Sega |
| Artist(s) | Rieko Kodama |
| Writer(s) | Miki Morimoto |
| Platform(s) | Master System |
| Release | * JP: April 2, 1988 |
| Genre(s) | Adventure |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Norio Miyaura

abstract: Norio Miyaura was a Japanese organic chemist. He was a professor of graduate chemical engineering at Hokkaido University. His major accomplishments surrounded his work in cross-coupling reactions / conjugate addition reactions of organoboronic acids and addition / coupling reactions of diborons and boranes. He is also the co-author of Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Practical Guide with M. Nomura E. S.. Miyaura was a world-known and accomplished researcher by the time he retired and so, in 2007, he won the Japan Chemical Society Award.

text:
# Norio Miyaura

**Norio Miyaura** (宮浦憲夫, *Miyaura Norio*) was a Japanese organic chemist. He was a professor of graduate chemical engineering at Hokkaido University. His major accomplishments surrounded his work in cross-coupling reactions / conjugate addition reactions of organoboronic acids (for C-C bond-forming reactions) and addition / coupling reactions of diborons and boranes (to synthesize organoboronic acids and esters through B-C bond-forming reactions). He is also the co-author of *Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Practical Guide* with M. Nomura E. S.. Miyaura was a world-known and accomplished researcher by the time he retired and so, in 2007, he won the Japan Chemical Society Award.

## Early life and education

Norio Miyaura was born in Hokkaido, Japan in 1946. Miyaura received his bachelors in chemical engineering from Hokkaido University in 1969. He next received his masters in chemical engineering from Hokkaido University in 1971. Lastly, he received his doctorate in chemical engineering from Hokkaido University in 1976.

## Career

In 1971, Miyaura joined Hokkaido University's Faculty of Engineering as a synthetic chemical engineering assistant. Miyaura joined the J.K.Kochi group at Indiana University as a postdoctoral fellow in 1981. During this time he studied the epoxidation of alkenes catalyzed by metal-salen complexes. Miyaura joined Hokkaido University as a research associate in the A. Suzuki research group and as an associate professor. In 1994, Miyaura became a full professor at the university still working in the A. Suzuki group. In 2010, he retired from Hokkaido University but was allowed to honorarily retain his title as a specially appointed professor.

## Research

### Research interests

Miyaura's research interests included metal-catalyzed reactions of organoboron compounds (specifically applications to organic synthesis in catalyzed hydroboration), rhodium- or palladium-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions of arylboronic acids, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of organoboronic acids, and addition and coupling reactions of diborons and pinacolborane for the synthesis of organoboronic esters.

### Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction

Working with Akira Suzuki (chemist), Miyaura helped to develop the Suzuki reaction which is also known as the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. In the cross-coupling reaction, the coupling partners are an organohalide and a boronic acid with a palladium(0) complex catalyst. This reaction is used to synthesize polyolefins, styrenes, and substituted biphenyls. In this reaction, a carbon-carbon single bond is formed by coupling a halide (R-X) with an organoboron species (R-B) using a palladium catalyst and a base.

### Rhodium or palladium-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions of organoboron compounds

In 1997, Miyaura created a new catalytic cycle starting from transmetalation which resulted in an aryl- or 1-alkenylrhodium(I) intermediate for 1,4-addition of aryl- or 1-alkenylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This reaction turned out to have application in a variety of addition and coupling reactions of organometallic and organo-nonmetallic compounds. In 1998, he discovered the mechanism for a rhodium(I)-catalyzed Grignard-type addition of ArB(OH)2 to aldehydes. Then in 2003, Miyaura found a reaction for the 1,4-addition of palladium-catalyzed ArB(OH)2, \[ArBF3\]K, ArSi(OMe)3, ArSiF3 and Ar3Bi to enones. From this he found that the reaction produced a stereogenic center on carbon. He then focused on asymmetric syntheses using chiral rhodium or palladium(2+) catalysts. In 1998, Miyaura created a new chiral ligand of bidentate bisphosphoramidite (Me-BIPAM) through the addition of a rhodium(I)-binap catalyst into an enantioselective 1,4-addition of aryl- and 1-alkenylboronic acids to cyclic and acyclic enones.

### Borylation reaction of aromatic compounds

The Miyaura-Ishiyama borylation reaction is also known as the Miyaura borylation reaction. In this reaction, a catalytic system converts carbon-halogen bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-boron bonds. This reaction can generate boronates from vinyl or aryl halides with the cross-coupling of bis(pinacolato)diboron in basic conditions with a catalyst such as PdCl2(dppf). The reaction results in borylated products that can be used as coupling partners for the Suzuki reaction.

## Awards

In 2007, Miyaura was recognized as a recipient of the Japan Chemical Society Award for his achievements in the field of organic chemistry and for his high international reputation. Akira Suzuki (chemist) won the Nobel Prize in 2010 for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (Suzuki reaction). Although Miyaura was not personally recognized for this award, pieces of his work from his time in the A. Suzuki group were.


title: Horst Walter

abstract: Horst Walter was a contemporary German artist.

text:
# Horst Walter

**Horst Walter** (14 June 1936; Pankow, Berlin – 15 May 2012; Berlin) was a contemporary German artist.

## Life

Born in Berlin during the Nazi regime, he grew up in the western part of the divided Berlin. He produced drawings and modern sculptures. In divided Berlin he protested against the Berlin Wall. After the Berlin Wall came down in 1989 he tried to remind the German public to keep parts of the Berlin Wall as a monument of memorial. To do this he started numberless performances in the so-called "No Man's Land" between the Potsdamer Platz and the Reichstag building.

## Projects (examples)

* 1985: "Zeichen setzten" Performances at Berlin Wall
* 1990: "Kulturprojekt Potsdamer Platz": Cafe 9.November at the former checkpoint Potsdamer Platz
* 1990: Potsdamerplatz: Keep The Wall Project- 118 pieces of the Berlin Wall
* 1991: Exhibition Voltaire in Potsdam
* 1992: Retrospektive in Kunsthaus Tacheles
* 1998: 1.place in the internationalen Mail-ART Kapos ART contest, Kaposvar; Mail Art. Hungary Budapest; Symposium. Barc Hungary
* 2003: opening of Mauerspechtmuseum


title: Horst Vetter

abstract: Horst Vetter was a German politician. A member of the Free Democratic Party, he served in the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin from 1971 to 1986. Vetter died on 27 August 2022, at the age of 94.

text:
# Horst Vetter

**Horst Vetter** (28 August 1927 – 27 August 2022) was a German politician. A member of the Free Democratic Party, he served in the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin from 1971 to 1986.

Vetter died on 27 August 2022, at the age of 94.

## InfoBox

| Horst Vetter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin | |
| **In office**
1971–1986 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1927-08-28)28 August 1927
Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany |
| Died | 27 August 2022(2022-08-27) (aged 94) |
| Political party | FDP |
| Occupation | Businessman |
|  | |


title: Nord Kanem

abstract: Nord Kanem is a department of Kanem Region in Chad. It was created by Ordinance No. 002 / PR / 08, on February 19, 2008. Its capital is Nokou.

text:
# Nord Kanem

**Nord Kanem** is a department of Kanem Region in Chad. It was created by Ordinance No. 002 / PR / 08, on February 19, 2008. Its capital is Nokou.

## Subdivisions

The department of Nord Kanem is divided into four sub-prefectures:

## Administration

Prefect of North Kanem (since 2008):

* Abdraman Kerim Gouri (since June 2015)

## InfoBox

| Nord Kanem | |
| --- | --- |
| Department | |
| Country | Chad |


abstract: Hoshizora no Live: The Best of Acoustic Ballade is Misia's first live album, released on October 22, 2003. It sold 72,351 copies in its first week and peaked at #2. The album features live recordings of Misia's outdoor acoustic concert held in Okinawa on August 15 and 16, 2003. The album is certified Platinum for shipment of 250,000 copies.

text:
# Hoshizora no Live: The Best of Acoustic Ballade

***Hoshizora no Live: The Best of Acoustic Ballade*** is Misia's first live album, released on October 22, 2003. It sold 72,351 copies in its first week and peaked at #2. The album features live recordings of Misia's outdoor acoustic concert held in Okinawa on August 15 and 16, 2003.

The album is certified Platinum for shipment of 250,000 copies.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Nemurenu Yoru wa Kimi no Sei (眠れぬ夜は君のせい, *My Sleepless Nights Are Your Fault*)" (from *Kiss in the Sky*) | Misia | Ken Matsubara | 6:57 |
| 2. | "Escape" (from *Marvelous*) | Misia | Sakoshin | 6:09 |
| 3. | "Ano Natsu no Mama de (あの夏のままで, *Just Like That Summer*)" (from *Marvelous*) | Misia | Hidetoshi Yamada | 6:08 |
| 4. | "Mekubase no Burūsu (めくばせのブルース, *Winking Blues*)" (from *Kiss in the Sky Kanzenban Limited Edition*) | Tiger | Sakoshin | 4:36 |
| 5. | "The Best of Time" (from *Slow Jam: Sweet Ballade Collection*) | Misia | Shirō Sagisu | 5:39 |
| 6. | "It's Just Love" (from *Love Is the Message*) | Misia | Misia, Satoshi Shimano | 6:45 |
| 7. | "Everything" (from *Marvelous*) | Misia | Toshiaki Matsumoto | 6:46 |
| 8. | "Kisu Shite Dakishimete (キスして抱きしめて, *Kiss and Hold me*)" (from *Mother Father Brother Sister*) | Misia | Misia | 6:30 |
| 9. | "Tsutsumikomu Yō ni... (つつみ込むように…, *Like Being Wrapped Up...*)" (from *Mother Father Brother Sister*) | Satoshi Shimano | Satoshi Shimano | 6:31 |
| 10. | "Kokoro Hitotsu (心ひとつ, *One Heart*)" (from *Mars & Roses*) | Misia | Shirō Sagisu | 5:04 |
| 11. | "Toki o Tomete (時をとめて, *Stop Time*)" (from *Marvelous*) | Misia | Misia | 5:16 |
| 12. | "Tobikata wo Wasureta Chiisana Tori (飛び方を忘れた小さな鳥, *The Small Bird Who's Forgotten How to Fly*)" (from *Kiss in the Sky*) | Misia | Yudai Suzuki | 4:29 |
| 13. | "Hoshi no Furu Oka (星の降る丘, *Starry Hill*)" (from *Mother Father Brother Sister*) | Chihiro Close | Satoshi Shimano | 5:52 |

## Charts

### Oricon Sales Chart

| Release | Chart | Peak Position | First Day/Week Sales | Sales Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 22, 2003 | Oricon Daily Albums Chart | 2 |  |  |
| | Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 2 | 72,351 | 209,538 |
| | Oricon Monthly Albums Chart | 5 |  |  |
| | Oricon Yearly Albums Chart | 96 |  |  |
|

### Physical Sales Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Daily Albums Chart | 2 |
| Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 2 |
| Oricon Monthly Albums Chart | 5 |
| Soundscan Albums Chart (CD-Only) | 2 |
|

## InfoBox

| Hoshizora no Live: The Best of Acoustic Ballade | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Misia | |
| Released | October 22, 2003 |
| Recorded | August 2003 |
| Genre | R&B, J-pop |
| Length | 76:46 |
| Label | Rhythmedia Tribe |
| Misia chronology | |
| *Misia Remix 2003 Kiss in the Sky: Non Stop Mix*
(2003) ***Hoshizora no Live: The Best of Acoustic Ballade***
(2003) *Misia Single Collection: 5th Anniversary*
(2003) | |


title: Noda-Tamagawa Station

abstract: Noda-Tamagawa Station is a railway station on the Sanriku Railway's Rias Line in the village of Noda, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

text:
# Noda-Tamagawa Station

**Noda-Tamagawa Station** (野田玉川駅, *Noda-Tamagawa-eki*) is a railway station on the Sanriku Railway's Rias Line in the village of Noda, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

Noda-Tamagawa Station is served by the Rias Line, and is located 147.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Miyako Station.

## Station layout

The station has two opposed side platforms connected by a level crossing. The station is unmanned.

### Platforms

| **1** | Kita-Rias Line | for Kuji |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Kita-Rias Line | for Miyako, Kamaishi, and Sakari |

## Adjacent stations

|  |  | Service |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rias Line | | | | |
| Horinai |  | Local |  | Tofugaura-Kaigan |

## History

Noda-Tamagawa Station opened on 20 July 1975 as a station on the Japanese National Railways (JNR) Kuji Line. On 1 April 1984, upon the privatization of the Kuji Line, the station came under the control of the Sanriku Railway. Following the 11 March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, services on a portion of the Sanriku Railway were suspended. The portion from Rikuchū-Noda to Tanohata resumed operations on 1 April 2012. Minami-Rias Line, a section of Yamada Line, and Kita-Rias Line constitute Rias Line on 23 March 2019. Accordingly, this station became an intermediate station of Rias Line.

## Surrounding area

## InfoBox

| Noda-Tamagawa Station
野田玉川駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Noda-Tamagawa Station in May 2010 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Tamagawa, Noda-mura, Kunohe-gun, Iwate-ken 028-8202
Japan |
| Coordinates | 40°4′58.13″N 141°49′43.93″E / 40.0828139°N 141.8288694°E / 40.0828139; 141.8288694 |
| Operated by | Sanriku Railway |
| Line(s) | Rias Line |
| Distance | 147.9 km from Sakari |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At grade |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 20 July 1975 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Noda-Tamagawa StationLocation within Japan | |


title: Tomi Lotta

abstract: Tomi Lotta is a Finnish strongman competitor.

text:
# Tomi Lotta

**Tomi Lotta** (born 1 January 1976) is a Finnish strongman competitor.

## Career

Lotta has competed in both the World's Strongest Man and IFSA Strongman World Championships, but failed to make the finals in both events. His career best win is the 2004 Finland's Strongest Man title. He is known by his nickname "the Finnish Beach Boy".

He officially broke the Guinness world record for the forward hold while competing in Rome on March 5, 2010. His record setting time was 20 kg(44 lbs.) for 76.73 seconds.

## Personal Records

1. davidhorne-gripmaster.com
2. "David Horne's World of Grip".
3. "Tomi Lotta: New Guinness World Record". *www.ironmind.com*. Archived from the original on 2010-03-12.
4. pl:Tomi Lotta
5. pl:Tomi Lotta
6. pl:Tomi Lotta

## InfoBox

Tomi Lotta
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1976-01-01) January 1, 1976<br>Finland |
| Occupation | Strongman |
| Height | 191 cm (6 ft 3 in) |
| Medal record      Strongman  Representing  Finland  World's Strongest Man  Qualified 2004 World's Strongest Man   Strongman Champions League  2nd Strongman Champions League 2011: Canary Islands   3rd Strongman Champions League 2011: Slovakia   IFSA Strongman World Championships  Qualified 2005   Qualified 2006   IFSA Strongman European Championships  2nd 2005   IFSA  1st 2005 Holland Grand Prix   1st 2005 Dubai Grand Prix   IFSA World Team Championships  4th 2005 Team Scandinavia   Europe's Strongest Man (IFSA)  2nd 2005   Finland's Strongest Man  3rd 2003   1st 2004 | |


title: Tomi Nybäck

abstract: Tomi Nybäck is a Finnish chess grandmaster and poker player. He won the Finnish Chess Championship in 2008 and is the No. 1 ranked Finnish player as of September 2023. He played for the Finnish team in the Chess Olympiads of 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. He is one of the few players to have a positive lifetime score against former World Champion Magnus Carlsen.

text:
# Tomi Nybäck

**Tomi Nybäck** (born 3 April 1985 in Järvenpää) is a Finnish chess grandmaster and poker player. He won the Finnish Chess Championship in 2008 and is the No. 1 ranked Finnish player as of September 2023.

He played for the Finnish team in the Chess Olympiads of 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. He is one of the few players to have a positive lifetime score against former World Champion Magnus Carlsen.

## Chess career

Nybäck tied for first with Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and Mateusz Bartel in the European Under-18 championship of 2002, taking the bronze medal on tiebreak. In April 2002, he won the First Saturday GM B tournament in Budapest. In 2003 he won the Heart of Finland chess tournament in Jyväskylä.

Nybäck won the Finnish Championship in 2008 with a score of 9/9 points. In the same year he tied for second with Emanuel Berg at the Najdorf Memorial round-robin tournament (category 15, 2608) in Warsaw.

Nybäck tied for second place in the European Individual Chess Championship of 2008 by scoring 8/11, and this result allowed him to qualify for the Chess World Cup 2009. In the 2009 edition, he scored again 8/11, tying for first with other nine grandmasters. At the World Cup Nybäck knocked out Dmitry Andreikin in the first round to reach round two, where he was eliminated by Peter Svidler after tiebreaks.

In 2010, he took part in the Corus B tournament at Wijk aan Zee and scored 5/13.

## Notable games

## InfoBox

| Tomi Nybäck | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Finland |
| Born | (1985-04-03) 3 April 1985<br>Järvenpää, Finland |
| Title | Grandmaster (2003) |
| FIDE rating | 2574 (October 2024) |
| Peak rating | 2656 (January 2011) |
| Peak ranking | No. 73 (April 2009) |


title: Owen Dolan

abstract: Owen John Dolan is the Coadjutor Bishop Emeritus of Palmerston North. He was appointed coadjutor bishop by Pope John Paul II on 2 November 1995 and was consecrated on 10 December 1995. He retired on 30 September 2004.

text:
# Owen Dolan

**Owen John Dolan** (born 30 September 1928) is the Coadjutor Bishop Emeritus of Palmerston North. He was appointed coadjutor bishop by Pope John Paul II on 2 November 1995 and was consecrated on 10 December 1995. He retired on 30 September 2004.

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend
Owen Dolan | |
| --- | --- |
| Emeritus Coadjutor Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmerston North | |
| Diocese | Palmerston North |
| Installed | 10 December 1995 |
| Term ended | 30 September 2004 |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 21 July 1954 (Priest)
by Archbishop Peter McKeefry |
| Consecration | 10 December 1995 (Coadjutor Bishop) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Owen John Dolan
30 September 1928
Hāwera, New Zealand |
| Nationality | New Zealander |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic Church |
| Residence | Palmerston North |
| Occupation | Emeritus Roman Catholic Coadjutor Bishop |


title: Usapang Real Life

abstract: Usapang Real Life is a Philippine talk show and news magazine broadcast by TV5, presented by veteran journalist Luchi Cruz-Valdes. The show premiered on August 15, 2020 on the network's Saturday primetime block at 9:00 pm, following Bangon Talentadong Pinoy and its international debut on Kapatid TV5 on November 7, 2020, albeit on a delayed basis. The talk-oriented program is a blocktime production of ContentCows Company, Inc. for TV5 and Cignal cable channel Colours, on which it airs the following evening as part of its weekend lineup.

text:
# Usapang Real Life

***Usapang Real Life*** (lit.'Real Life Talk') is a Philippine talk show and news magazine broadcast by TV5, presented by veteran journalist Luchi Cruz-Valdes. The show premiered on August 15, 2020 on the network's Saturday primetime block at 9:00 pm, following *Bangon Talentadong Pinoy* and its international debut on Kapatid TV5 on November 7, 2020, albeit on a delayed basis. The talk-oriented program is a blocktime production of ContentCows Company, Inc. for TV5 and Cignal cable channel Colours, on which it airs the following evening as part of its weekend lineup.

## Host

## Episodes

**Season 1**

| Episode | Airdate | Guests |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | August 15, 2020 (2020-08-15) | KC Concepcion and Karen Davila |
| 2 | August 22, 2020 (2020-08-22) | Christian Antolin, Richo Bautista, Jane de Leon, Marvin Fojas, Emman Nimedez and Zendee Rose Tenerefe |
| 3 | August 29, 2020 (2020-08-29) | Alessandra de Rossi, Allan K., and Kim Idol |
| 4 | September 5, 2020 (2020-09-05) | Catriona Gray, Allein Maliksi and Lyqa Maravilla |
| 5 | September 12, 2020 (2020-09-12) | Korina Sanchez-Roxas |
| 6 | September 19, 2020 (2020-09-19) | Vicki Belo and Hayden Kho, Pauleen Luna and Vic Sotto |
| 7 | September 26, 2020 (2020-09-26) | Andi Eigenmann and Cristine Reyes |
| 8 | October 3, 2020 (2020-10-03) | Claudine Barretto and Judy Ann Santos-Agoncillo |
| 9 | October 10, 2020 (2020-10-10) | Zsa Zsa Padilla, Pokwang |
| 10 | October 17, 2020 (2020-10-17) | Kim Atienza, Felicia Hung-Atienza, Richard Gomez and Lucy Torres-Gomez |
| 11 | October 24, 2020 (2020-10-24) | Raffy Tulfo |
| 12 | October 31, 2020 (2020-10-31) | Jessy Mendiola, Letisha Velasco |
| 13 | November 7, 2020 (2020-11-07) | Benjie Paras, Empoy Marquez, Wally Bayola and Paolo Ballesteros |
| 14 | November 14, 2020 (2020-11-14) | Joey De Leon and Jako De Leon |
| 15 | November 21, 2020 (2020-11-21) | Ted Failon |
| 16 | November 28, 2020 (2020-11-28) | Vilma Santos-Recto |

## InfoBox

| *Usapang Real Life* | |
| --- | --- |
| Title card | |
| Also known as | Usapang Real Life with Luchi Cruz-Valdes |
| Genre | Talk show
News magazine |
| Created by | ContentCows Company |
| Developed by | Cignal TV
News5 |
| Written by | Elmer Gatchalian
Dennis A. Cortes
Arby B. Larano
A. Mendoza
Christopher Nocon |
| Directed by | Nino Faustino
Raymund Boss Generoso |
| Presented by | Luchi Cruz-Valdes |
| Country of origin | Philippines |
| Original language | Filipino |
| No. of episodes | 22 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Robert P. Galang
Wilma V. Galvante
Margie C. Natividad |
| Producers | Perci M. Intalan
Vitto P. Lazatin
Guido R. Zaballero |
| Camera setup | Multiple-camera setup |
| Running time | 60 minutes (with commercials) |
| Production companies | Cignal Entertainment
News5
ContentCows Company |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV5
Colours |
| Release | August 15, 2020 (2020-08-15)
January 9, 2021 (2021-01-09) |
| Related | |
| Journo
Reaksyon | |


title: Latin American Music Awards of 2021

abstract: The 6th Annual Latin American Music Awards were held at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida. It was broadcast live on Telemundo. J Balvin and Karol G led the nominations, with nine nods each.

text:
# Latin American Music Awards of 2021

The **6th Annual Latin American Music Awards** were held at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida. It was broadcast live on Telemundo. J Balvin and Karol G led the nominations, with nine nods each.

## Performers

| Artist(s) | Song(s) |
| --- | --- |
| Wisin, Myke Towers Ft. Anitta & Maluma | "Mi Niña (Remix)" |
| Alaina Castillo | "Bésame Mucho" |
| Banda MS de Sergio Lizarraga & Carlos Rivera | "No Me Pidas Perdón" |
| Nicky Jam | "Fan de Tus Fotos" |
| Camilo & Los Dos Carnales | "Tuyo y Mío" |
| Eslabon Armado | "Con Tus Besos" |
| Myke Towers & Juhn | "Bandido" |
| David Bisbal Ft. Carrie Underwood | "Tears of Gold" |
| Gerardo Ortiz | "Historia de Ayer" |
| Carlos Vives & Ricky Martin | "Canción Bonita" |
| Juanes | "El Amor Después del Amor" |
| Carlos Rivera, David Bisbal & Sofía Reyes feat. Carlos Vives | **Tribute to José Luis Rodríguez 'El Puma':**
"Yo Regresare"
"Dueño de Nada"
"Voy a Perder la Cabeza por tu Amor"
"Agárrense de las Manos" |
| Manuel Turizo Ft. Wisin & Yandel | "Mala Costumbre" |
| Karol G & Mariah Angeliq | "El Makinon" |
| Yendry | "Barrio" |
| Joss Favela, Ana Barbara | **Tribute to Joan Sebastian:**
"Eso y Más"
"Me Gustas"
"Secreto de Amor" |
| Natanael Cano | "Amor Tumbado" |
| Pitbull, El Alfa, IAmChino Ft. Lenier & Omar Courtz | "Ten Cuidado" |
| Ozuna | "Odisea"
"Se Preparo"
"Vaina Loca"
"Dile Que Tu Me Quieres"
"Si No Te Quiere"
"Siguelo Bailando" |
| Maluma & Ziggy Marley | "Tonika" |
| Prince Royce | "Carita de Inocente" |
| Piso 21 Ft. Maluma | "Más de la Una" |

## Presenters

Premiere ceremony Main ceremony

## Winners and nominees

The nominations were announced on March 2, 2021.

| Artist of the Year | New Artist of the Year |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Favorite Female Artist | Favorite Male Artist |
|  |  |
| Song of the Year | Album of the Year |
|  |  |
| Favorite Duo or Group | Favorite Pop Artist |
|  |  |
| Favorite Pop Album | Favorite Pop Song |
|  |  |
| Favorite Regional Mexican Artist | Favorite Regional Mexican Duo or Group |
|  |  |
| Favorite Regional Mexican Song | Favorite Regional Mexican Album |
|  |  |
| Favorite Urban Artist | Favorite Urban Album |
|  |  |
| Favorite Urban Song | Favorite Tropical Artist |
|  |  |
| Favorite Tropical Album | Favorite Tropical Song |
|  |  |
| Favorite Crossover Artist | Collaboration of the Year |
|  |  |
| Social Artist of the Year | Favorite Virtual Concert |
|  |  |
| Favorite Video | |
|  | |

## Multiple nominations and awards

Acts that received multiple nominations
| Nominations | Act |
| --- | --- |
| 9 | J Balvin |
| | Karol G |
| 8 | Bad Bunny |
| 7 | Ozuna |
| 6 | Anuel AA |
| | Camilo |
| 5 | Banda Sinaloense MS de Sergio Lizárraga |
| | Black Eyed Peas |
| | Christian Nodal |
| | Eslabon Armado |
| | Natanael Cano |
| 4 | Maluma |
| | Reik |
| | Shakira |
| | Snoop Dogg |
| 3 | Carlos Vives |
| | Lenin Ramirez |
| | Los Dos Carnales |
| | Myke Towers |
| | Nicki Minaj |
| | Prince Royce |
| | The Weeknd |
| 2 | Ángela Aguilar |
| | Anitta |
| | Daddy Yankee |
| | Farruko |
| | Grupo Firme |
| | Juanes |
| | Junior H |
| | Ricky Martin |
| | Romeo Santos |
| | Selena Gomez |

Acts that received multiple awards
| Awards | Act |
| --- | --- |
| 5 | Bad Bunny |
| 3 | Karol G |
| | Nicki Minaj |
| 2 | Christian Nodal |
| | Eslabon Armado |
| | Prince Royce |

### Special awards

## InfoBox

| 6th Annual Latin American Music Award | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | April 15, 2021 |
| Location | BB&T Center
(Sunrise, Florida) |
| Country | United States |
| Hosted by | Jacky Bracamontes |
| Most awards | Bad Bunny (5) |
| Most nominations |  |
| Website | Official site |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | Telemundo |
| Produced by | Dick Clark Productions and SOMOS Productions |
|


title: Flores (TransMilenio)

abstract: The simple-station Flores is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in the year 2000.

text:
# Flores (TransMilenio)

The simple-station **Flores** is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in the year 2000.

## Location

The station is located in northern Bogotá, specifically Avenida Caracas, between Calles 67 and 69.

## History

In 2000, phase one of the TransMilenio system was opened between Portal de la 80 and Tercer Milenio, including this station. The station is named **Flores** due to its proximity to the flower market named Plaza las Flores, which is located on the east side of the station. It serves the Chapinero, La Concepción, and La Esperanza neighborhoods.

## Station Services

### Old trunk services

**Services rendered until April 29, 2006**
| Kind | Routes | Frequency |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Current |  | Every 3 minutes on average |
| Express |  | Every 2 minutes on average |
| Super Express |  | Every 2 minutes on average |
| Express Dominical |  | Every 3 or 4 minutes on average |

### Main Line Service

**Service as of April 29, 2006**
| Type | Northern Routes | Southern Routes | Frequency |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Local | 6 8 | 6 8 | Every three minutes |
| Express Monday through Saturday
all day | B13 D21 | H13 H21 | Every two minutes |
| Express Monday through Friday
Morning rush |  |  | Every two minutes |
| Express Monday through Friday
Evening rush |  |  | Every two minutes |
| Express Monday through Friday
Mixed service, rush and non-rush |  |  | Every two minutes |
| Express Saturday
all day |  |  | Every two minutes |
| Express Sunday and holidays | C91 B93 | F91 H93 | Every 3–4 minutes |

### Feeder routes

This station does not have connections to feeder routes.

### Inter-city service

This station does not have inter-city service.

## InfoBox

| Flores | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Chapinero and Barrios Unidos
Colombia |
| History | |
| Opened | 2000 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station TransMilenio Following station  Calle 72towards Calle 76    Calle 63towards Tercer Milenio | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: The Serrano Legacy

abstract: The Serrano Legacy, also known as Familias Regnant, is a series of military science fiction / space opera books by Elizabeth Moon. The series includes seven books total, published from 1993 to 2000, and portrays a society in the distant future where the Familias Regnant serves as the governing body for an area of the galaxy. The books feature female lead protagonists—daughters and aunts, following the story of an entire family, including unique family dynamics. The books "depict women in the military who have a greater aptitude for command than the military men in their lives". The universe of the books is also ethnically diverse.

text:
# The Serrano Legacy

***The Serrano Legacy***, also known as ***Familias Regnant***, is a series of military science fiction / space opera books by Elizabeth Moon. The series includes seven books total (a trilogy and two spin-off duologies), published from 1993 to 2000, and portrays a society in the distant future where the Familias Regnant serves as the governing body for an area of the galaxy. The books feature female lead protagonists—daughters and aunts, following the story of an entire family, including unique family dynamics. The books "depict women in the military who have a greater aptitude for command than the military men in their lives". The universe of the books is also ethnically diverse.

## Description

After writing several fantasy novels including those of the *Paksenarrion* series, Moon began writing science fiction, initially collaborating with Anne McCaffrey, and eventually moving on to *The Serrano Legacy*. A central theme of the books is that, through technology, wealthy people can live much longer. The consequences of this remain a focus through the series. "Wealth is key to identity within the books", Duncan Lawie notes.

According to Moon, in *Locus*:

> What I'm pushing is to think about something from all sides. Don't answer the first thing that comes out. I don't have the answers; I have lots of questions. In my old SF adventure series *The Serrano Legacy*, a lot of it had to do with the effects of longevity. What would really happen if you had rejuvenation and people could live very long times? What would it do to the social structure, to economics, to politics? What would it do to the neighbors of the country that had that ability?

## Reception and analysis

George Mann considers the work space opera, also noting that Moon's time in the military grant the books "an edge of realism ... that is lacking in much military fiction by authors who have not themselves served in the armed forces". Mann favorably compares the feel of the series to older pulp fiction while noting she covers more serious topics as well.

Of the first three books, Duncan Lawie says the protagonists are "all tough, clever, and interesting and their characters drive the books in an organic way". He calls the characterization "deft" and story a page-turner, though he hoped for more depth.

Of the series in full, Jo Walton says the books "do a lot of things right", praising the adventures, the military aspects, and the background. She later says that the high number of points of view "tends to make the focus diffuse", ultimately concluding that the books are "fun". John Clute wrote that the series "was perhaps a little disappointing, though still entertaining". Maura Heaphy calls it "a stylish and imaginative space opera of the far future".

The protagonist of the first trilogy, Heris Serrano, has also been remarked upon for her middle-age, unlike youthful protagonists of many similar works. In a positive review of the first omnibus, Liz Bourke found the varied depiction of older women "downright refreshing".

## Books

The series comprises seven novels, all published by Baen. These books have also been collected into omnibuses.

* **Heris Serrano trilogy**

1. *Hunting Party* (July 1993)
2. *Sporting Chance* (September 1994)
3. *Winning Colors* (August 1995)

* **Esmay Suiza duology**

1. *Once a Hero* (Hardcover ISBN 0-671-87769-0, March 1997)
2. *Rules of Engagement* (Hardcover ISBN 0-671-57777-8, December 1998)

* **Suiza and Serrano duology**

1. *Change of Command* (Hardcover ISBN 0-671-57840-5, December 1999)
2. *Against the Odds* (Hardcover ISBN 0-671-31961-2, December 2000)

### Omnibuses

* *Heris Serrano*, 2002 (US)
    + Collecting *Hunting Party*, *Sporting Chance* and *Winning Colors*
* *The Serrano Legacy: Omnibus One*, 2006 (UK)
    + Also collecting *Hunting Party*, *Sporting Chance* and *Winning Colors*
* *The Serrano Connection: Omnibus Two*, 2007
* *The Serrano Succession*, 2008 (UK), 2009 (US)

## InfoBox

The Serrano Legacy
| * *Hunting Party* * *Sporting Chance* * *Winning Colors* * *Once a Hero* * *Rules of Engagement* * *Change of Command* * *Against the Odds*  --- | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Elizabeth Moon |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre |  |
| Publisher | Baen |


title: Ma Ying (softball)

abstract: Ma Ying is a female Chinese softball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics. In 1996 she won the silver medal as part of the Chinese team. She played two matches as pitcher.

text:
# Ma Ying (softball)

**Ma Ying** (simplified Chinese: 马英; traditional Chinese: 馬英; pinyin: *Mǎ Yīng*; born April 10, 1972) is a female Chinese softball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.

In 1996 she won the silver medal as part of the Chinese team. She played two matches as pitcher.

## InfoBox

Ma Ying
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | April 10, 1972 (1972-04-10) (age 52)<br>Qiqihar, Heilongjiang |
| Height | 176 cm (5 ft 9 in) |
| Medal record      Women's softball  Representing  China  Olympic Games  1996 Atlanta Team  Asian Games  1994 Hiroshima Team | |


title: Yapracık, Aydıntepe

abstract: Yapracık is a village in the Aydıntepe District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 16 (2021).

text:
# Yapracık, Aydıntepe

**Yapracık** is a village in the Aydıntepe District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 16 (2021).

## History

The former name of the village was Sindeli.

## InfoBox

| Yapracık | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YapracıkLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°25′04″N 40°12′36″E / 40.4177°N 40.2099°E / 40.4177; 40.2099 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bayburt |
| District | Aydıntepe |
| Population (2021) | 16 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Hobro Stadium

abstract: Hobro Stadium is a 7,500 capacity football stadium in Hobro, Denmark, which is the home ground of Hobro IK. The stadium is part of Hobro Idrætscenter, a sports centre that also includes two indoor halls, a swimming pool, and a gymnasium.

text:
# Hobro Stadium

**Hobro Stadium** is a 7,500 capacity football stadium in Hobro, Denmark, which is the home ground of Hobro IK. The stadium is part of Hobro Idrætscenter, a sports centre that also includes two indoor halls, a swimming pool, and a gymnasium.

## Capacity

* Jutland Bank Tribune : 2,250 seats + 1,400 standing rooms
* Pajo Bolte Tribunen : 1,400 standing rooms
* SparNord Tribunen : 750 seats + 100 standing rooms
* standing rooms outside of tribune : 3,325 (Nord-West) + 800 (South-East)

56°38′06″N 9°49′12″E / 56.635°N 9.82°E / 56.635; 9.82

## InfoBox

DS Arena
| View of the stadium from the east | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Amerikavej 9A, DK-9500 Hobro, Mariagerfjord, Denmark |
| Coordinates | 56°38′06″N 9°49′11.70″E / 56.63500°N 9.8199167°E / 56.63500; 9.8199167 |
| Owner | Hobro IK |
| Operator | Hobro IK |
| Capacity | 7,500 |
| Record attendance | 6,596 (vs. AaB, 16 March 2015) |
| Field size | 105 by 68 metres (114.8 yd × 74.4 yd) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1958 |
| Renovated | 2011, 2015 |


title: Galba modicella

abstract: Galba modicella is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Lymnaeidae. The species is found in Northern America.

text:
# Galba modicella

***Galba modicella*** is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Lymnaeidae.

The species is found in Northern America.

## InfoBox

| *Galba modicella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Hygrophila |
| Family: | Lymnaeidae |
| Genus: | *Galba* |
| Species: | ***G. modicella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Galba modicella***<br>(Say, 1825) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Fossaria modicella* (Say, 1825) | |


title: Usapang Diskarte

abstract: Usapang Diskarte was a YouTube channel known for hosting content allegedly promoting sexual abuse and grooming of minors.

text:
# Usapang Diskarte

***Usapang Diskarte*** was a YouTube channel known for hosting content allegedly promoting sexual abuse and grooming of minors.

## Channel

Usapang Diskarte had at least 252,000 subscribers prior to its shutdown in July 2022. It uploaded roughly 1,000 videos and operated for years.

The Philippine National Police alleged the channel was "connected to a group of sexual predators who equates ‘macho’ with being abusive." The PNP described the channel's contents to include "tips on how to lure a minor to have sex with an older man" where minors are "conditioned into thinking that having sex with an older man is normal".

The administrator of Usapang Diskarte was unknown.

## Response

### Shut down

The YouTube channel was shut down by Google on July 14, 2022. Likewise, Meta did the same for Usapang Diskarte's page on Facebook.

### Investigation

The Philippine National Police Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP-ACG) disclosed that the channel's activities has been under surveillance since March 2022. In July 2022, the law enforcement's efforts was disrupted when the channel was shut down after its videos went viral.

Google and Meta were ordered by court to disclose computer data related to Usapang Diskarte to aid the investigations; orders which were complied by the two companies.

### Law reform

Senator Risa Hontiveros condemned the YouTube channel for its content and cited its exposure as one of the reasons why her bill, the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) Act which strengthens the current anti-child porn law, must be approved into law.

## InfoBox

Usapang Diskarte
| Type of site | YouTube channel / Facebook page |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | Filipino |
| Country of origin | Philippines |
| Users | 252,000 subscribers (YouTube) |
| Current status | Closed (since July 15, 2022) |