title: Pan (1995 film)

abstract: Pan is a 1995 Danish/Norwegian/German film directed by the Danish director Henning Carlsen. It is based on Knut Hamsun's 1894 novel of the same name, and also incorporates the short story "Paper on Glahn's Death", which Hamsun had written and published earlier, but which was later appended to editions of the novel. It is the fourth and most recent film adaptation of the novel—the novel was previously adapted into motion pictures in 1922, 1937, and 1962.

text:
# Pan (1995 film)

***Pan*** (also released under the title ***Two Green Feathers***) is a 1995 Danish/Norwegian/German film directed by the Danish director Henning Carlsen. It is based on Knut Hamsun's 1894 novel of the same name, and also incorporates the short story "Paper on Glahn's Death", which Hamsun had written and published earlier, but which was later appended to editions of the novel. It is the fourth and most recent film adaptation of the novel—the novel was previously adapted into motion pictures in 1922, 1937, and 1962.

## Production

In 1966 Carlsen had directed an acclaimed version of Hamsun's *Hunger*. Thirty years later he returned to Hamsun to make *Pan*, a book he called "one big poem". The film was produced primarily with Norwegian resources, and classified as a Norwegian film; Carlsen later expressed his dissatisfaction with the film's promotion by the Norwegian Film Institute, saying that the Institute had preferred to promote films with Norwegian directors. Carlsen said that he had decided to incorporate the "forgotten" material from "Glahn's Death" in order to find a "new angle" for filming the book. The Glahn's Death portion was filmed in Thailand, standing in for the India location in the novel (the 1922 film version had placed this material in Algeria).

The film had its American premiere at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City as part of MOMA's 1995 retrospective of films based on Hamsun's work.

## Awards

Anneke von der Lippe won the 1995 Norwegian International Film Festival's Amanda Award for Best Actress for her work in *Pan* and another film, *Over stork og stein*. She also won the 1996 Danish Bodil Award for Best Supporting Actress for *Pan*.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Pan | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Henning Carlsen |
| Written by | Knut Hamsun (novel)<br>Henning Carlsen (script) |
| Produced by | Axel Helgeland |
| Starring | Sofie Gråbøl, Lasse Kolsrud, Bjørn Sundquist, Anneke von der Lippe, Per Schaanning |
| Cinematography | Henning Kristiansen |
| Edited by | Anders Refn |
| Music by | Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson |
| Release date | * 22 September 1995 (1995-09-22) |
| Running time | 115 minutes |
| Countries | Denmark, Norway, Germany |
| Languages | Danish and Norwegian |


title: Tomás Doncker

abstract: Tomás Doncker is an American musician, and the CEO of True Groove Records. In 2011 CNN credited him with creating a new genre, Global Soul. He is best known as the lead guitarist in James Chance and the Contortions.

text:
# Tomás Doncker

**Tomás Doncker** is an American musician, and the CEO of True Groove Records. In 2011 CNN credited him with creating a new genre, Global Soul. He is best known as the lead guitarist in James Chance and the Contortions.

## Career

Doncker cut his teeth as a guitarist with New York No Wave acts including James Chance & The Contortions, Defunkt and J. Walter Negro & The Loose Jointz among others. He is noted for touring and recording with Japanese jazz musicians Sadao Watanabe and Masabumi Kikuchi. This led to him to producing studio and songwriting sessions with Bootsy Collins, Yoko Ono, and The Itals.

Doncker has worked with artists including Madonna, Ivan Neville, Bonnie Raitt, Meshell Ndegeocello, Corey Glover of Living Colour, former Parliament Funkadelic keyboardist Amp Fiddler, Grammy winning producer/bassist Bill Laswell, Chocolate Genius, and 2016 Grammy award nominee Shemekia Copeland. His ongoing collaborations with Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Yusef Komunyakaa have received massive critical acclaim. He has produced hundreds of records for independent musicians. He is the founder and CEO True Groove Records.

In recent years Doncker has completed successful Chinese and European tours as a solo musician. He has also performed at the Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival, Milwaukee Summerfest, and New York Summerstage. With James Chance and the Contortions he played six sold out shows at The Blue Note Tokyo in January 2016.

## Discography

* *Inside Out* (2007)
* *Small World Part 1* (2008)
* *Power of the Trinity* (2011)
* *Howlin' Wolf EP" (2014)*
* *Power of the Trinity... A Slight Return (The Global Soul Mixtape Vol. 1)* (2014)
* *Moanin' At Midnight: The Howlin' Wolf Project* (2014)
* *Big Apple Blues* (2014)
* *The Mess We Made* (2015)

## InfoBox

| Tomás Doncker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | New York City, United States |
| Genres | Blues, R&B, Rock |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, Vocals, Bass |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Labels | True Groove Records |


title: Hermann von Ihering

abstract: Hermann Friedrich Albert von Ihering was a German-Brazilian zoologist. He was the oldest son of Rudolf von Jhering.

text:
# Hermann von Ihering

**Hermann Friedrich Albert von Ihering** (9 October 1850 – 24 February 1930) was a German-Brazilian zoologist. He was the oldest son of Rudolf von Jhering.

## Biography

Hermann Friedrich Albert von Ihering was born in 1850 in Kiel, Germany, the oldest son of Rudolf von Jhering.

Under the advice of Rudolf Leuckart, Ihering studied medicine at the Giessen, Leipzig, Berlin, and Göttingen universities, working as an assistant at the zoological institute in Göttingen. He concluded his doctoral thesis in Göttingen, with the title *Ueber das Wesen der Prognathie und ihr Verlhaeltniss zur Schaedelbasis* (On the essence of prognathism and its effect on the base of the skull). He later worked as a Privatdozent for zoology at the Erlangen and Leipzig.

On 26 April 1880, Ihering married a widow, Anna Maria Clara Wolff (born von Bezel), who had a 10-year-old boy, Sebastian Wolff, from her first marriage. The marriage was not approved by Ihering's family and, as a result, he travelled to Brazil soon after. He got his first work at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro. However, as he found the climate of Rio de Janeiro too hot, he eventually moved to the city of Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, where he started to collect specimens to send to museums in Germany and to the British Museum. At this time he had two children, Clara and Rodolpho. Later, he had two more, Wilhelm and Ida, but the latter died as a child.

In 1883, Ihering was nominated travelling naturalist of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro and lived in several cities by the Lagoa dos Patos. He eventually bought an island at the delta of the Camaquã River, which started to be called *Ilha do Doutor* (Doctor's Island) and lived there for some years. He was naturalized Brazilian in 1885.

Between 1893 and 1894, Ihering helped to found the Museu Paulista, in São Paulo, and became its first director.

In 1901, his son Rodolpho was sent to Europe to study in Heidelberg. However, his other son, Wilhelm, died soon after, being only 16 years old, and his wife Anna became too shaken by the event and died later in the same year. Rodolpho then abandoned his studies and returned to Brazil to help his father.

During a trip to Europe to visit some colleagues in 1907, Ihering met again his first love, Meta Buff, from Gießen, and married her that same year. Later, during World War I, he was accused of nepotism and of selling to the state a stone that was donated to the Museu Paulista. This forced him to leave his job as director of the museum in 1916. He returned to southern Brazil and continued his studies in Santa Catarina, and in 1918 he was invited to occupy the chair of zoology at the University of Córdoba, Argentina. However, he refused the offer and remained in Brazil in order to organize a small museum in Florianópolis. One year after the museum opened, the government reduced his wage to one third, and three months later it was announced that he would not be paid anymore for his job.

In 1920, Ihering returned to Europe, living first in Naples and later returning to Germany. In 1921, he settled with Meta in Büdingen. Meta died in 1928 and Ihering died in 1930, at Gießen, Germany.

## Homage

Several species were named in honor of Ihering, including the following.

The peer-reviewed scientific journal *Iheringia* was also named after him.

## Bibliography

His bibliography include 310 works; 20 of these works are about birds.

He was the author of *Catálogos da Fauna Brasileira* (1907) with his son Rodolpho von Ihering.

## Further reading

* Isaia, Antônio. (2008). *Os Fascinantes Caminhos da Paleontologia.* Pallotti. 60 pp. (in Portuguese).
* Beltrão, Romeu (1958). *Cronologia Histórica de Santa Maria e do extinto município de São Martinho. 1787–1933. Vol I*. Pallotti. (in Portuguese).

## InfoBox

| Hermann von Ihering | |
| --- | --- |
| Hermann von Ihering | |
| Born | Hermann Friedrich Albrecht von Ihering
(1850-10-09)9 October 1850
Kiel, Duchy of Holstein (now Germany) |
| Died | 24 February 1930(1930-02-24) (aged 79)
Gießen, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Zoology |


title: Hidkal

abstract: Hidkal is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Hidkal dam is built around the Dhupdal weir, a 70 km-long-canal built by the British in 1897. The first phase of the irrigation project was intended to water around 45,000 hectares of land. The Hidkal reservoir across the Ghataprabha river in Hidkal village and 40 km of the canal length were built in the second phase. After the third phase, the project aims to irrigate 3.3 lakh hectares of land with a total capacity of 51.16 tmcft of water. Now, after a drought of three seasons, its total storage has been reduced to 6 tmcft, including dead storage of around 2 tmcft. Every year, 2 tcmft of drinking water is released from Hidkal to Bagalkot. Hidkal also beautiful gardens, nurseries. The Hunnur inspection Bungalow on bank of backwater and hunnur fort are attractions. HDP High school is one of best school in Belgaum district.

text:
# Hidkal

**Hidkal** is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.

Hidkal dam is built around the Dhupdal weir (a low dam built across a stream to raise its level or divert its flow), a 70 km-long-canal built by the British in 1897. The first phase of the irrigation project was intended to water around 45,000 hectares of land.

The Hidkal reservoir across the Ghataprabha river in Hidkal village and 40 km of the canal length were built in the second phase. After the third phase, the project aims to irrigate 3.3 lakh hectares of land with a total capacity of 51.16 tmcft of water. Now, after a drought of three seasons, its total storage has been reduced to 6 tmcft, including dead storage of around 2 tmcft.

Every year, 2 tcmft of drinking water is released from Hidkal to Bagalkot.

Hidkal also beautiful gardens, nurseries. The Hunnur inspection Bungalow on bank of backwater and hunnur fort are attractions.

HDP High school is one of best school in Belgaum district.

## InfoBox

| Hidkal | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| HidkalLocation in Karnataka, IndiaHidkalHidkal (India) | |
| Coordinates: 16°08′11″N 74°39′17″E / 16.13639°N 74.65472°E / 16.13639; 74.65472 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Belgaum |
| Hukkeri | Raybag |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia

abstract: The practice of polytheistic religion dominated in pre-Islamic Arabia until the fourth century. Inscriptions in various scripts used in the Arabian Peninsula including the Nabataean script, Safaitic, and Sabaic attest to the practice of polytheistic cults and idols until the fourth century, whereas material evidence from the fifth century onwards is almost categorically monotheistic. It is in this era that Christianity, Judaism, and other generic forms of monotheism become salient among Arab populations. In South Arabia, the ruling class of the Himyarite Kingdom would convert to Judaism and a cessation of polytheistic inscriptions is witnessed. Monotheistic religion would continue as power in this region transitioned to Christian rulers, principally Abraha, in the early sixth century.

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# Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia

The practice of polytheistic religion dominated in pre-Islamic Arabia until the fourth century. Inscriptions in various scripts used in the Arabian Peninsula including the Nabataean script, Safaitic, and Sabaic attest to the practice of polytheistic cults and idols until the fourth century, whereas material evidence from the fifth century onwards is almost categorically monotheistic. It is in this era that Christianity, Judaism, and other generic forms of monotheism (variously described as "gentile monotheism", "pagan monotheism", "Himyarite monotheism", "Arabian monotheism", "hanifism", "Rahmanism" and so on) become salient among Arab populations. In South Arabia, the ruling class of the Himyarite Kingdom would convert to Judaism (though a more neutral form of monotheism was maintained publicly) and a cessation of polytheistic inscriptions is witnessed. Monotheistic religion would continue as power in this region transitioned to Christian rulers, principally Abraha, in the early sixth century.

## Pre-monotheistic era

Early attestations of Arabian polytheism include Esarhaddon's Annals, mentioning Atarsamain, Nukhay, Ruldaiu, and Atarquruma. Herodotus, writing in his *Histories*, reported that the Arabs worshipped Orotalt (identified with Dionysus) and Alilat (identified with Aphrodite). Strabo stated the Arabs worshipped Dionysus and Zeus. Origen stated they worshipped Dionysus and Urania. Similarly, late Nabataean, Safaitic, and Sabaic inscriptions attest to the veneration of a broad array of sacred stones and polytheistic deities until the fourth century.

## South Arabia

### Conversion to Judaism

The first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity was Constantine the Great. The first recorded attempt to convert a region of Arabia into monotheistic faith is attributed to Constantius II, his successor. According to the Greek historian Philostorgius (d. 439) in his *Ecclesiastical History* 3.4, Constantius sent an Arian bishop known as Theophilus the Indian (also known as "Theophilus of Yemen") to Tharan Yuhanim, then the king of the South Arabian Himyarite Kingdom to convert the people to Christianity. According to the report, Theophilus succeeded in establishing three churches, one of them in the capital Zafar. However, Tharan did not convert to Christianity. Several decades later, the ruling class of the Himyarite Kingdom would convert to Judaism during the reign of Malkikarib Yuhamin, potentially motivated by a wish to distance themselves from the Byzantine Empire. It is in the mid-fourth century that inscriptions suddenly transition from polytheistic invocations to ones mentioning the high god Rahmanan (whose name means "The Merciful One"). A Sabaic inscription dating to this time, titled Ja 856 (or Fa 60) describes the replacement of a polytheistic temple dedicated to the god al-Maqah with a *mikrāb* (which might be the equivalent of a synagogue or an original form of organization local to Himyarite Judaism). The evidence suggests a sharp break with polytheism, coinciding with the sudden appearance of Jewish and Aramaic words (‘*ālam*/world, *baraka*/bless, *haymanōt*/guarantee, *kanīsat*/meeting hall) and personal names (Yṣḥq/Isaac, Yhwd’/Juda), Yws’f/Joseph).

### Christian rule in the sixth century

Soon after and prompted by the massacre of the Christian community of Najran during the reign of the militant Jewish ruler Dhu Nuwas in the early sixth century, the Kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia would invade, leading to an ousting of Jewish leadership over the region. Sumyafa Ashwa came into power, but he was soon overthrown by his rival Abraha, initiating a period of Ethiopian Christian rule over southern Arabia in 530. During the Ethiopian Christian period, Christianity appears to have become the official religion. Many churches began to be built. For example, the inscription RIÉ 191, discovered in Axum, describes the construction of a church off the coast of Yemen. The Marib Dam inscription from 548 mentions a priest, a monastery, and an abbot of that monastery. As in the Himyarite period, Christian inscriptions continue to refer to the monotheistic deity using the name Rahmanan, but now these inscriptions are accompanied with crosses and references to Christ as the Messiah and the Holy Spirit. For example, one (damaged) inscription, as for example in Ist 7608 bis. Another extensive inscription, CIH 541, documents Abraha sponsoring the construction of a church at Marib, besides invoking/mentioning the Messiah, Spirit, and celebrations hosted by a priest at another church. Later Islamic historiography also ascribes to Abraha the construction of a church at Sanaa. Abraha's inscriptions bear a relatively low Christology, perhaps meant to assuage the Jewish population, and their formulae resemble descriptions of Jesus in the Quran. (The Jabal Dabub inscription is another South Arabian Christian graffito dating to the sixth century and containing a pre-Islamic variant of the Basmala.) Whereas Abraha's predecessor more explicitly denoted Jesus as the Son of Rahmanan and as "Victor" (corresponding to Aksumite description under Kaleb of Axum), and made use of Trinitarian formulae, Abraha began to only describe Jesus as God's "Messiah" (but not Son) and, in aligning himself more closely with Syriac Christianity, replaced Aksumite Christian with Syriac loanwords. More broadly, the separation of Abraha's Himyar from the Akumsite kingdom corresponded to its greater alignment with the Christianity espoused in Antioch and Syria. Inscriptions from this region disappear after 560. Abraha's influence would end up extending across the regions he conquered, including regions of eastern Arabia, central Arabia, Medina in the Hejaz, and an unidentified site called Gzm.

## Sources

### Epigraphy

With a few exceptions, all inscriptions from the fourth to sixth centuries are not polytheistic: among over one hundred monumental inscriptions that could testify to a polytheistic cult, only two of them do, along with less than ten inscriptions from wood remains. Similarly, of 58 extant Late Sabaic inscriptions that mention the theonym Rahmanan from the period of Jewish rule in south Arabia, none of them can be labelled as pagan or polytheistic. Invocation of alternative deities was rare, though it suggests the cult surrounding Rahmanan was henotheistic as opposed to purely monotheistic. Once Christian rule initiates in South Arabia in the early sixth century, extant inscriptions become purely monotheistic.

Epigraphic evidence further attests to the spread of Judaism beyond South Arabia, into northwestern Arabia, as well as Christianity into all major regions of Arabia including northern Arabia and the southern Levant, southern Arabia, western Arabia, and across the gulf of eastern Arabia. All Paleo-Arabic inscriptions from the fifth and sixth centuries, which have been found in all major regions of the Arabian peninsula and in the southern Levant, are either monotheistic or explicitly Christian. These inscriptions also demonstrate a penetration of monotheism into previously thought holdouts or surviving bastions of paganism or polytheism, such as Dumat al-Jandal and Taif (which ibn al-Kalbi held to be the centre of the cult of Al-Lat in the sixth century). These inscriptions refer to God with the use of terms like Allāh, al-Ilāh (*ʾl-ʾlh*), and *Rabb* ("Lord"). The uncontracted form Al-Ilāh/*ʾl-ʾlh* is thought to have among Christians as an isomorphism or calque for the Greek expression *ho theos*, which is how the Hebrew *ʾĕlōhîm* is rendered in the Septuagint. This uncontracted form continued to be used by Christians until the tenth century, even as the form *ʾllh* appeared in the Quran with two consecutive *lāms* without a hamza. One Islamic-era example of the uncontracted form is in the Yazid inscription.

### Islamic-era literature

Muslim-era historiographical sources, such as the eighth-century *Book of Idols* by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi as well as the writings of the Yemeni historian al-Hasan al-Hamdani on South Arabian religious beliefs continue to depict pre-Islamic Arabia as dominated by polytheistic practices until the sudden rupture brought about by the coming of Muhammad and his career between 610 and 632. However, Islamic-era compilations of pre-Islamic poetry only sporadically describe idols or polytheistic practice and principally evince monotheistic or henotheistic beliefs. The Quran may also occasionally refer to vestiges of polytheistic deities in two separate verses, but its better-attested descriptions of the "associators" (*mushrikūn*) have been increasingly understood, since originally being posited by Julius Wellhausen, to be references to monotheistic/henotheistic individuals who did not dispute the supremacy of Allah but instead believed in other beings (such as angels) that acted as intermediaries in the devotion to the one high God.

Ibn Hazm (d. 1064) attempts to describe the broad landscape of pre-Islamic religious belief in his *Jamharat ansāb al-ʿArab* (Compilation of Arab Genealogy):

> all of \[Mesopotamian tribes\] Iyād and Rabīʿah and Bakr and Taghlib and Namar and \[the eastern\] ʿAbd al-Qays are Christian, so too is \[Syrian\] Ghassān, and \[the southern\] Banū Ḥārith ibn Kaʿb in Najrān, and \[the northern\] al-Ṭayyiʾ, Tanūkh, many of \[the Syrian\] Kalb, and all those from \[Najdi\] Tamīm and \[Iraqi\] Lakhm residing in Ḥīrah. Ḥimyar were Jewish, as were many from Kindah. Khathʿam had no religion at all (lā tadīn bi-shayʾ aṣlan). Zoroastrianism (al-majūsiyyah) appeared among Tamīm, and it is said that Laqīṭ ibn Zurārah had converted to Zoroastrianism (qad tamajassa). The rest of the Arabs worshipped idols.


title: Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran

abstract: Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao. The film stars Anand Babu in a dual role, Rohini, Vaidehi and Devipriya. It is a remake of the director's own Telugu film Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police. The film was released on 7 February 1992.

text:
# Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran

***Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran*** (transl.The policeman with two wives) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao. The film stars Anand Babu in a dual role, Rohini, Vaidehi and Devipriya. It is a remake of the director's own Telugu film *Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police*. The film was released on 7 February 1992.

## Plot

Krishnan is an honest police constable who has two wives Rukmini and Satyabhama. However, his two wives hate each other. Krishnan is transferred to another city because of his honesty and the fact that he often refuses to do his superiors drudgery.

In the past, Krishnan married Rukmini who thought that he was a Sub-inspector of police. When she realised his real job, she left him alone. In the meantime, Krishnan and his neighbour Satyabhama fell in love with each other. They had sexual intercourse. Then Satyabhama begged Rukmini to help her and Satyabhama married Krishnan.

Fed up with the transfers, Krishnan throws away his police uniform and becomes a pickpocket. Anand, Krishnan's look-alike, takes his identity and becomes a police constable. Soon, Anand must juggle between Krishnan's two wives while Krishnan must manage Anand's girlfriend Lalitha.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Raj–Koti, with lyrics written by Vairamuthu.

| Song | Singer(s) | Duration |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Ennikko" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Minmini | 4:40 |
| "Kanna Kanna" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Minmini | 4:45 |
| "Police Police Police Mama" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Minmini, K. S. Chithra | 4:55 |
| "Sundakkai Kuzhambu" | K. S. Chithra, Minmini | 4:50 |

## Reception

Sundarji of *Kalki* wrote that viewers could enjoy the film if they forget logic.

## InfoBox

| Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Relangi Narasimha Rao |
| Written by | Relangi Narasimha Rao
B. Shankar (dialogues) |
| Produced by | P. Balaraman |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Sarath |
| Edited by | Murali-Ramaiah |
| Music by | Raj–Koti |
| Production
company | Sree Productions |
| Release date | * 7 February 1992 (1992-02-07) |
| Running time | 130 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Neocoenyra pinheyi

abstract: Neocoenyra pinheyi is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northern and south-central Tanzania. The habitat consists of open thorn-bush country at altitudes between 1,200 and 1,600 meters.

text:
# Neocoenyra pinheyi

***Neocoenyra pinheyi*** is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northern and south-central Tanzania. The habitat consists of open thorn-bush country at altitudes between 1,200 and 1,600 meters.

## InfoBox

| *Neocoenyra pinheyi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Neocoenyra* |
| Species: | ***N. pinheyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neocoenyra pinheyi***<br>Carcasson, 1961 | |
|


title: National Security Council (South Korea)

abstract: National Security Council is an advisory body to the President of South Korea on foreign, military and domestic policies related to national security.

text:
# National Security Council (South Korea)

**National Security Council** (Korean: 국가안전보장회의; Hanja: 國家安全保障會議) is an advisory body to the President of South Korea on foreign, military and domestic policies related to national security.

## Membership

Structure of the National Security Council
| Chairperson | President |
| --- | --- |
| Statutory Attendees | Prime Minister
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Minister of Unification
Minister of National Defense
Director of National Intelligence Service |
| Regular Attendees | Minister of the Interior and Safety
Chief of Staff to the President
Director of the Office of National Security
1st Deputy Director of the Office of National Security
2nd Deputy Director of the Office of National Security |
| Additional Participants | *Personnel appointed by the President* |

## InfoBox

National Security Council
| 국가안전보장회의
國家安全保障會議
Gukga Anjeon Bojang Hoeui | |
| --- | --- |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 17 December 1963 |
| Headquarters | Presidential residence, Seoul |
| Agency executives |  |
| Parent agency | President of South Korea |


title: Museum der Phantasie

abstract: The Museum der Phantasie is a museum in Bernried am Starnberger See. Named after Lothar-Günther Buchheim, whose art collection it holds, it was opened to the public on 23 May 2001. Buchheim is also the author of the best-selling book Das Boot. The building, designed by the architectural firm Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner, was completed in October 1999. It encompasses around 4,000 square meters and is designed to resemble a ship, with a jetty-like balcony extending out over the Starnberger See. In the surrounding park various sculptures are displayed. Before the museum was built there were many differences of opinion about the location. Buchheim's requested location in Feldafing, on the grounds of the Villa Maffei, was rejected in a vote by residents. The museum holds Buchheim's collection of expressionist art, with works by Erich Heckel, Emil Nolde, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Max Pechstein, and so forth. It also displays examples of folk art, African art, and Asian art which Buchheim collected during his travels. Paintings and drawings by Buchheim himself are also on display.

text:
# Museum der Phantasie

The **Museum der Phantasie** (aka. **Buchheim-Museum**) is a museum in Bernried am Starnberger See. Named after Lothar-Günther Buchheim, whose art collection it holds, it was opened to the public on 23 May 2001. Buchheim is also the author of the best-selling book *Das Boot*.

The building, designed by the architectural firm Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner, was completed in October 1999. It encompasses around 4,000 square meters and is designed to resemble a ship, with a jetty-like balcony extending out over the Starnberger See. In the surrounding park various sculptures are displayed.

Before the museum was built there were many differences of opinion about the location. Buchheim's requested location in Feldafing, on the grounds of the Villa Maffei, was rejected in a vote by residents.

The museum holds Buchheim's collection of expressionist art, with works by Erich Heckel, Emil Nolde, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Max Pechstein, and so forth. It also displays examples of folk art, African art, and Asian art which Buchheim collected during his travels. Paintings and drawings by Buchheim himself are also on display.

47°52′21.72″N 11°17′18.53″E / 47.8727000°N 11.2884806°E / 47.8727000; 11.2884806


title: The Majority

abstract: The Majority is the only full-length studio album by Mammal, released after a live album, Vol 1: The Aural Underground and a self-titled EP. Work began on the album on 20 November 2007 and recording commenced on 20 April 2008 with American producer/engineer Eric Sarafin who is known for his work with Ben Harper, Spearhead & Pharcyde. The first single, "Smash the Piñata", was released a month prior to the album. The Majority peaked at No. 51 on the ARIA Albums Chart and reached No. 1 on the related Hitseekers Albums and No.48 on the Top 100 Physical Albums charts in early September. For the album the group consisted of Nick Adams on bass guitar, Ezekiel Ox on vocals, Zane Rosanoski on drums and Pete Williamson on guitar.

text:
# The Majority

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Beat Magazine* | (favourable) link |
| *Rave* | link |
| *Rolling Stone* | Dec 2008 |

***The Majority*** is the only full-length studio album by Mammal, released after a live album, *Vol 1: The Aural Underground* and a self-titled EP. Work began on the album on 20 November 2007 and recording commenced on 20 April 2008 with American producer/engineer Eric Sarafin who is known for his work with Ben Harper, Spearhead & Pharcyde. The first single, "Smash the Piñata", was released a month prior to the album. *The Majority* peaked at No. 51 on the ARIA Albums Chart and reached No. 1 on the related Hitseekers Albums and No.48 on the Top 100 Physical Albums charts in early September. For the album the group consisted of Nick Adams on bass guitar, Ezekiel Ox on vocals, Zane Rosanoski on drums and Pete Williamson on guitar.

## Track listing

1. "The Aural Underground" – 3:27
2. "Smash the Piñata" – 4:16
3. "Bending Rules" – 3:50
4. "The Majority" – 2:32
5. "Mr Devil" – 4:16
6. "Religion" – 5:15
7. "Clear Enough?" – 4:13
8. "Burn Out" – 2:44
9. "Hollywood Shrine" – 5:03
10. "Zero Infinity" – 3:35
11. "Living in Sin" – 7:21

### Bonus DVD

*The Majority* was initially released as a CD+DVD digipak limited edition pressing. Limited copies pre-ordered from JB Hi-Fi also came signed by the band.

**AUS limited edition** MAMMAL004

1. "Smash the Piñata" (video)
2. "The Majority" (video)
3. "Nagasaki in Flames" (video – live from the HiFi)
4. "Think" (video – live from the HiFi)

## Charts

Chart performance for *The Majority*
| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 51 |

## InfoBox

| The Majority | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mammal | |
| Released | 30 August 2008 (Australia) |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | Hard rock, funk rock, alternative metal |
| Length | 46:31 |
| Label | None / Distributed By MGM |
| Producer | Eric Sarafin |
| Mammal chronology | |
| *Vol 1: The Aural Underground*
(2007) ***The Majority***
(2008) *Vol 2: Systematic/Automatic*
(2009) | |


title: Paradise (Paint It Black album)

abstract: Paradise is the second full-length album from Philadelphia's Paint It Black, which followed up the band's debut LP from 2003, CVA. It features a more melodic hardcore sound than previous releases from the band, and was met with a slightly more positive critical reception than CVA.

text:
# Paradise (Paint It Black album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Aversion.com |  |
| Punk International | (90/100) |
| Punknews.org |  |

***Paradise*** is the second full-length album from Philadelphia's Paint It Black, which followed up the band's debut LP from 2003, *CVA*. It features a more melodic hardcore sound than previous releases from the band, and was met with a slightly more positive critical reception than *CVA*.

## Track listing

1. "Election Day" – 1:09
2. "Pink Slip" – 1:27
3. "Exit Wounds" – 1:37 mp3
4. "Ghosts" – 1:35
5. "The New Brutality" – 1:38 (featured in the video game Tony Hawk's Proving Ground)
6. "Atheists in Foxholes" – 1:41
7. "Nicaragua" – 1:33
8. "Labor Day" – 1:22
9. "Burn the Hive" – 1:29
10. "Panic" – 1:44 (featured in the video game Saints Row)
11. "Angel" – 1:22
12. "The Pharmacist" – 1:07
13. "365" – 1:40
14. "Memorial Day" – 1:39
15. "View from a Headlock" – 1:56 (only on Japanese and Bandcamp versions)

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Paradise | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Paint It Black | |
| Released | March 8, 2005 |
| Recorded | September 2004 |
| Genre | Hardcore punk |
| Length | 21:03 |
| Label | Jade Tree |
| Producer | J. Robbins, Paint It Black |
| Paint It Black chronology | |
| *CVA*
(2003) ***Paradise***
(2005) *New Lexicon*
(2008) | |


title: Tomás Dávalos de Aragón

abstract: Tomás Dávalos de Aragón was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Patriarch of Antioch (1611–1621).

text:
# Tomás Dávalos de Aragón

**Tomás Dávalos de Aragón** (died 1621) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Patriarch of Antioch (1611–1621).

## Biography

Tomás Dávalos de Aragón was born in Spain. On 21 Feb 1611, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Titular Patriarch of Antioch. In 1611, he was consecrated bishop by Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona (seniore), Archbishop of Naples. He served as Titular Patriarch of Antioch until his death in 1621.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Tomás Dávalos de Aragón | |
| --- | --- |
| Titular Patriarch of Antioch | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| In office | 1611–1621 |
| Predecessor | Juan de Ribera |
| Successor | Luigi Caetani |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 1611
by Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona (seniore) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Spain |
| Died | 1621 |


title: Neville Jordan

abstract: Sir Neville Jordan is a New Zealand electrical engineer and businessman.

text:
# Neville Jordan

**Sir Neville Jordan** KNZM CRSNZ (born 15 May 1943) is a New Zealand electrical engineer and businessman.

## Biography

Born in Petone on 15 May 1943, Jordan was the third child of Hercules Jordan, a welder, and only child of Lydia Marie Jordan (née Ashman), a laundry worker. After completing the engineering intermediate year at Victoria University of Wellington, Jordan studied electrical engineering at the University of Canterbury from 1964 to 1966, graduation with a Bachelor of Engineering in 1967. He was a New Zealand universities judo representative. After graduating, he worked for companies including IBM and Philips.

In 1975, Jordan founded MAS Technology, a microwave technology company whose IPO was on the NASDAQ main board.

In 1995, he founded the Jordan Foundation, which provides scholarships for higher learning and support for the arts. In 1998, he founded venture capital business Endeavour Capital, which has invested in more than 35 New Zealand start-ups.

Jordan was president of the Royal Society of New Zealand between 2006 and 2009; preceded by Jim Watson and followed by Garth Carnaby.

From 2015 to 2018, Jordan was chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington, having been a member of the university council since 2013.

## Honours and awards

In the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours, Jordan was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to telecommunications and export. He was conferred an honorary DEng degree by the University of Canterbury. In 2012, he was recognised as Wellingtonian of the year. In the 2015 New Year Honours, he was promoted to Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to business, science and the community. He is a Companion of Royal Society Te Apārangi.

In 2006, Jordan was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.

Jordan is retired officer of the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve and an honorary Captain of the Royal New Zealand Navy.

## InfoBox

| Sir Neville JordanKNZM CRSNZ | |
| --- | --- |
| Jordan in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington | |
| **In office**
2015–2018 | |
| Preceded by | Ian McKinnon |
| Succeeded by | Neil Paviour-Smith |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1943-05-15) 15 May 1943
Petone, New Zealand |
| Alma mater | University of Canterbury |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve |
| Years of service | ? - 1995 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
|  | |


title: Hermelinghen

abstract: Hermelinghen is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

text:
# Hermelinghen

**Hermelinghen** (French pronunciation: \[ɛʁməlɛ̃ɡɑ̃\]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

A small farming village located 13 miles (19 km) south of Calais, on the D191 road. It is the source of the river Slack.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 211 |  |
| 1975 | 217 | +0.40% |
| 1982 | 263 | +2.78% |
| 1990 | 288 | +1.14% |
| 1999 | 289 | +0.04% |
| 2007 | 299 | +0.43% |
| 2012 | 359 | +3.73% |
| 2017 | 422 | +3.29% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Agathe, dating from the eighteenth century.
* The ruins of an ancient castle.

## InfoBox

| Hermelinghen | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The centre of Hermelinghen | |
|  | |
| Location of Hermelinghen | |
| HermelinghenHermelinghen | |
| Coordinates: 50°48′10″N 1°51′40″E / 50.8028°N 1.8611°E / 50.8028; 1.8611 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Calais |
| Canton | Calais-2 |
| Intercommunality | CC Pays d'Opale |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christophe Dupont |
| Area**1** | 6.43 km2 (2.48 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 412 |
| Density | 64/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62439 /62132 |
| Elevation | 95–185 m (312–607 ft)
(avg. 118 m or 387 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Monsoon (2014 film)

abstract: Monsoon is a 2014 Canadian documentary film by Sturla Gunnarsson about the monsoon weather system in India. The film was shot in India in the extra-high-definition 4K format with Red Epic cameras. The film was included in the list of Canada's Top Ten feature films of 2014, selected by a panel of filmmakers and industry professionals organized by TIFF. Subsequently the film finished first in the audience balloting, of the features in "Canada's Top Ten". The film had a theatrical run in 2015; meanwhile Gunnarsson was quoted as being in discussions with an American distributor, following Monsoon's United States premiere at the 2015 Palm Springs International Film Festival.

text:
# Monsoon (2014 film)

***Monsoon*** is a 2014 Canadian documentary film by Sturla Gunnarsson about the monsoon weather system in India.

The film was shot in India in the extra-high-definition 4K format with Red Epic cameras.

The film was included in the list of Canada's Top Ten feature films of 2014, selected by a panel of filmmakers and industry professionals organized by TIFF. Subsequently the film finished first in the audience balloting, of the features in "Canada's Top Ten".

The film had a theatrical run in 2015; meanwhile Gunnarsson was quoted as being in discussions with an American distributor, following *Monsoon'*s United States premiere at the 2015 Palm Springs International Film Festival.

## InfoBox

| Monsoon | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Sturla Gunnarsson |
| Produced by | Ina Fichman |
| Cinematography | Van Royko |
| Edited by | Nick Hector |
| Music by | Andrew T. MacKay |
| Production
companies | Intuitive Pictures
Point du Jour
Monsoon Ontario |
| Distributed by | KinoSmith
Point du Jour International |
| Release date | * 7 September 2014 (2014-09-07) (TIFF) |
| Running time | 108 minutes |
| Countries | Canada
France |
| Language | English/Hindi/Assamese/Malayalam/Marathi |


title: Kirti Vardhan Singh

abstract: Kirti Vardhan Singh is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He is currently serving as a Minister of State for External Affairs in Third Modi Government and Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha for the Gonda constituency for 5th time. He is locally known by the alias Raja Bhaiya, being connected with erstwhile Taluqdari of Mankapur.

text:
# Kirti Vardhan Singh

**Kirti Vardhan Singh** (born 1 March 1966) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He is currently serving as a Minister of State for External Affairs in Third Modi Government and Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha for the Gonda constituency for 5th time. He is locally known by the alias **Raja Bhaiya**, being connected with erstwhile Taluqdari of Mankapur.

## Political Career

He was member of 12th and 14th Lok Sabha from Gonda, Uttar Pradesh as a Samajwadi Party candidate. In March 2014, he resigned from the SP and joined Bharatiya Janata Party and contested the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, again from Gonda, where he was elected in the 16th and 17th Lok Sabhas. Singh is known to be an environmental activist. In July 2018, he won a case against State Government of Uttar Pradesh in Green Tribunal, a case pertaining to illegal sand mining by gangs in his constituency.

In 2024 he was re-elected as the Member of Parliament from Gonda in the pivotal 18th Lok Sabha elections, from a BJP ticket. He is one of the 33 BJP MPs in Uttar Pradesh, in the difficult election period. He defeated the INDIA Alliance candidate Shreya Verma (SP) with a margin of 46222 Votes. Later that month, he took part in the oath ceremony as a Minister of State in the council of ministers. He has been made a junior minister in the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the Ministry of External Affairs.

In 2023 he gained attention for his involvement in a historic event on 8 April 2023. Singh piloted a powered hang glider above Pinjore Airport in Haryana, with veteran skydiver Shital Mahajan performing a jump as part of the inauguration of the National Aero Modelling Fellowship Program by the Aero Club of India. This event marked the first instance of a civilian jumping from a powered hang glider piloted by an active MP. The event, organized by the Aero Club of India representing the Federation of Aeronautical Internationale in India, received praise for its historic significance and potential for national recognition by the FAI.

## Early life and education

He was born on 1 March 1966 to Raja Anand Singh and Veena Singh of Mankapur Taluquadari.

He pursued higher education in the field of Geology and successfully obtained a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree from the Lucknow University, where he specialised in geological sciences.

On 16 November 2002, Kirti Vardhan Singh married Madhushree Singh. The couple has a son, Kunwar Jai Vardhan Singh, who was born on 10 November 2006. As a family, they are involved in various social and cultural activities.

## InfoBox

| Kirti Vardhan Singh | |
| --- | --- |
| Singh in 2024 | |
|  | |
| Union Minister of State for External Affairs | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
11 June 2024Serving with Pabitra Margherita | |
| President | Draupadi Murmu |
| Prime Minister | Narendra Modi |
| Minister | S Jaishankar |
| Vice President | Jagdeep Dhankhar |
| Preceded by | V Muraleedharan |
| Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
11 June 2024 | |
| President | Draupadi Murmu |
| Prime Minister | Narendra Modi |
| Minister | Bhupender Yadav |
| Vice President | Jagdeep Dhankhar |
| Preceded by | Ashwini Kumar Choubey |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
16 May 2014 | |
| Preceded by | Beni Prasad Verma |
| Constituency | Gonda, Uttar Pradesh |
| **In office**
22 May 2004  17 May 2009 | |
| Preceded by | Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh |
| Succeeded by | Beni Prasad Verma |
| Constituency | Gonda, Uttar Pradesh |
| **In office**
1998–1999 | |
| Preceded by | Ketki Devi Singh |
| Succeeded by | Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh |
| Constituency | Gonda, Uttar Pradesh |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1966-03-01) 1 March 1966
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Political party | Bhartiya Janata Party (2014–present) |
| Other political
affiliations | Samajwadi Party (1998–2009,2012-2014) Bahujan Samaj Party (2009-2012) |
| Spouse | Kunwarani Madhushree Singh  (m. 2002) |
| Children | 1 |
| Parent(s) | Raja Anand Singh (father)
Veena Singh (mother) |
| Residence(s) | 23, B.R. Mehta Lane, New Delhi, Delhi, India - 110 001 |
| Alma mater | University of Lucknow |
| Occupation |  |
| As of 17 September, 2006Source: | |


title: Nerdland

abstract: Nerdland is a 2016 American adult animated comedy film directed by Chris Prynoski and written by Andrew Kevin Walker. The film stars Paul Rudd, Patton Oswalt, Hannibal Buress, Kate Micucci, Riki Lindhome, John Ennis and Mike Judge. The film received a one night only special screening on December 6, 2016, before being released on video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films on January 6, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7, 2017, by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

text:
# Nerdland

***Nerdland*** is a 2016 American adult animated comedy film directed by Chris Prynoski and written by Andrew Kevin Walker. The film stars Paul Rudd, Patton Oswalt, Hannibal Buress, Kate Micucci, Riki Lindhome, John Ennis and Mike Judge. The film received a one night only special screening on December 6, 2016, before being released on video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films on January 6, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7, 2017, by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

## Plot

The story of two best friends, aspiring screenwriter Elliot (Patton Oswalt), and aspiring actor John (Paul Rudd), who was kicked out of acting school, whose dreams of super-stardom have fizzled and have both been fired from every kind of job they have ever done. After John's disastrous interview with celebrity Brett Anderson (Reid Scott), he and Elliot make a pact to become famous before their 30th birthday in 24 hours. In their first attempt at doing this they get beat up by a homeless man named Archie (Mike Judge) after trying to get a check back from him upon finding the camera only filmed their feet: in their second attempt they get rescued from a fire trying to rescue an old woman from it, with the same woman ending up rescuing Elliot from it. After an interview is denied, John concludes that it's not fame they want, its infamy.

Elliot and John attempt to hack a company using the names "deadly jester" and "fist of satan" but the owner, Marvin Masterson (Paul Scheer), retaliates by using his "reverse-screw-driver" to delete all of John's pornography and melt Elliot and John's computer. John later decides to go on a killing spree in order to get more attention. Elliot is reluctant to help John with this, but eventually decides to do it, saying to him that he can't do it alone. They buy chloroform to use to kill their elderly neighbor, but John has second thoughts. Elliot and John then discover that while in disguise, during one of their previous attempts at fame, they became witnesses to a robbery and are now being called the "mystery witnesses". The two go on TV to tell everyone they are the "mystery witnesses", and quickly become a full media sensation with the help of Sally and Linda (Kate Micucci and Riki Lindhome), two girls who work at a mall and with whom the boys flirt. However, when brought to the police station soon after, they are informed by Detective Donahue (John Ennis) that the man who had committed the robbery and was arrested is actually a relative of the member of a Cleveland crime syndicate. As such, the two are now being forced to go to the witness protection program to make sure that his family members won't find and kill them. Desperate not to throw their life away, the two run away from the station and hide out in Sally and Linda's apartment and come up with an idea to kill the mystery witnesses.

Elliot and John go to the Nerd King (Hannibal Buress), the overweight owner of a collectible store and a trade partner for tools they had used in their failed fame attempts, and using a rare collectible action figure, are able to get help from him to fake the deaths of the "mystery witnesses". After it is done, the two return to Sally and Linda's apartment to find it filled with the press, resulting in them getting arrested for running away and are put in the witness protection program, but they are able to say their goodbyes to Sally and Linda. In the end, John and Elliot are seen working at a diner and wearing fake mustaches. They smile knowing they have finally gotten what they wanted: fame.

## Voice cast

## Production

*Nerdland* is based on a concept that screenwriter Andrew Kevin Walker had been pitching for several years in various iterations: first as a live-action movie, then a television series, then a series of animated shorts, and finally an animated film. Walker explains, "I have been a huge fan of *Metalocalypse*, *Superjail!*, and a lot of the cartoons that are on Adult Swim, especially the stuff done by Titmouse, Inc. I would watch *Metalocalypse* and the little bird logo would come up at the end and chirp and I’d think, 'Who are these lunatics?' We set up a meeting with Titmouse and gave them the script. I was expecting Chris and Shannon Prynoski, who created and run Titmouse, to just say, 'No, this is a stupid idea.' But they said yes, and we went from there. I was super excited that Chris was interested in overseeing the making of it as a feature. Once he said yes he also said yes to directing it, which was great because I’m a huge fan of his."

## Release

The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 14, 2016. On September 29, 2016, Samuel Goldwyn Films acquired distribution rights to the film. The film received a one night only special screening on December 6, 2016, before being released on video on demand on January 6, 2017, by Samuel Goldwyn Films and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7, 2017, by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 21% rating with an average rating of 4.03/10, based on 14 reviews. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 46 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.

## InfoBox

| Nerdland | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Chris Prynoski |
| Written by | Andrew Kevin Walker |
| Produced by | Gavin Polone
Andrew Kevin Walker |
| Starring | Paul Rudd
Patton Oswalt
Hannibal Buress
Kate Micucci
Riki Lindhome
John Ennis
Mike Judge |
| Edited by | Mark Brooks
Barry J. Kelly |
| Music by | Mark Brooks
Emily Kavanaugh |
| Production
companies | AKW Worldwide
Pariah
Titmouse, Inc. |
| Distributed by | Samuel Goldwyn Films |
| Release dates |  |
| Running time | 83 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


abstract: Western Spirit: Scottsdale’s Museum of the West is located in Old Town Scottsdale, Arizona on the former site of the Loloma Transit Station, and opened in January 2015. The two-story, 43,000-square-foot museum features the art, culture and history of 19 states in the American West, Western Canada, and Mexico.

text:
# Western Spirit: Scottsdale's Museum of the West

**Western Spirit: Scottsdale’s Museum of the West** is located in Old Town Scottsdale, Arizona on the former site of the Loloma Transit Station (N Marshall Way and E 1st St), and opened in January 2015. The two-story, 43,000-square-foot museum features the art, culture and history of 19 states in the American West, Western Canada, and Mexico.

## History

Opened in 2015, ***Western Spirit:* Scottsdale’s Museum of the West** was conceived by former Scottsdale mayor Herb Drinkwater (1936-97) who served from 1980-1996. Located in Old Town Scottsdale, *Western Spirit* is owned by the City of Scottsdale and operated by The Scottsdale Museum of the West, a non-profit organization incorporated in 2007. A Board of Trustees, through the Museum Director, oversees day-to-day operations. The 43,000 square foot museum broke ground on January 20, 2014. The building houses eight exhibition spaces, the 135-seat Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust Theater and Auditorium, the Christine and Ted Mollring Sculpture Courtyard, and the Sue and Robert Karatz Museum Store. *Western Spirit* has been a Smithsonian Affiliate since 2015. From 2016-2021, *True West Magazine* has named *Western Spirit* “The Nation’s Best Western Museum.” Notable past exhibitions include: *Maynard Dixon’s American West; By Beauty Obsessed: Gilbert Waldman Collects the West; Charles M. Russell: The Women in His Life and Art; Marjorie Thomas: Arizona Art Pioneer; The Taos Society of Artists.* Mike Fox served as Director/CEO (2008-2022). Dr. James Burns, former Director of the Arizona Historical Society, took the reins as Executive Director of *Western Spirit* in October 2021.

## Mission and Vision

Mayor Drinkwater and others who shared his vision saw an opportunity for Scottsdale, known as “The West’s Most Western Town” to establish itself as a center for the study and appreciation of the region’s history, encompassing Indigenous Peoples, Spanish and Mexican settlers, and Western pioneers, and to become a nexus “Where the Old West meets the New West.” Founding Director/ CEO Mike Fox said, “We are not a museum of objects, but a museum of ideas.” Storytelling is the heart of Western Spirit’s mission, immersing visitors in the unique heritage of the region—“illuminating the past to shape our future.” Rotating exhibitions of artworks, artifacts, and cultural objects, interactive experiences, presentations, performances, and events allow visitors to explore and discover the American West for themselves.

## Architecture and Grounds

Christiana Moss and Christopher Alt of the architectural firm Studio MA, based in Clifton, NJ and Phoenix, AZ, designed the Western Spirit building. Landscape architects Colwell and Michele Shelor of Phoenix, AZ designed the grounds. Both interior and exterior spaces are LEED Gold Standard certified for conserving natural resources. The surfaces, materials, colors, shapes, and building techniques are intended, as Moss says, to “describe what the West means in physical form and what it can mean for visitors and residents.” The concrete ribbing on the exterior of the building mimics the ribs of the saguaro cactus, serving not only a decorative purpose but providing passive vertical shade. The “weeping wall,” located in the Courtyard, collects rainwater and recycles 100% of the condensation from the air conditioning system; this water flows into landscaping on the museum grounds. Decorative patterns made to age naturally over time echo Western saddles, old barns, and leather tooling. The use of Western red cedar throughout the lobby area brings a fragrance from the landscape indoors and adds to the environmental effect of the building. As Moss observes, “The upper galleries represent the New West, shading and protecting the lower galleries, which represent the history and stories of the Old West, while the Courtyard serves as the center of the museum, though the design isn’t linear—it’s circular, spiral. It allows you to wander and find your own way through the museum with a kind of pioneering, exploring spirit.”

## Inaugural exhibitions

The exhibits will rotate periodically; the 2015 opening presented the following ones:

* Inspirational Journey: The Story of Lewis & Clark. Contemporary Western representational artist Charles Fritz (1955- ) retraced the route of the expedition (1804–06) and then chronicled it in 100 paintings. This exhibition will be displayed until October 31, 2016.
* Process and Materiality: The Bronze Artistry of John Coleman with Erik Petersen
* Will James: Cowboy Artist and Author. This exhibit presents the paintings, drawings, etchings, books, and ephemera of Will James (1892-1942) until May 31, 2016.
* The A.P. Hays Spirit of the West Collection features saddles, spurs, holsters, revolvers and other quintessentially western items on loan from Abe Hays, collector and founder of Arizona West Galleries in Scottsdale. The items show the sublime union of the practical and the aesthetic.
* Fine Art of the American West: People and Places. Works by artists such as Charles Bird King, Georgia O'Keeffe, Ed Mell, Allan Houser, Kate T. Cory, and Marjorie Thomas reveal the variety of themes, styles, and imagery of western art.
* Confluence of Cultures in the American West: A Selection of Contemporary Artists
* Courage and Crossroads: A Visual Journey through the Early American West

## Exhibition History

### Current

* **Light and Legacy: The Art and Techniques of Edward S. Curtis** Featuring over 900 photographs and associated objects, Light and Legacy: The Art and Techniques of Edward S. Curtis celebrates the life and works of photographer, ethnographer, and adventurer Edward Curtis (1868-1952). From 1900-1930, Edward Curtis traveled the land west of the Mississippi from Arizona to the High Arctic, visiting over 80 Indigenous Peoples and creating thousands of images, audio recordings, and the earliest motion pictures of Native Americans, all while making tremendous contributions to the art and science of photography. Curtis’s 20 volume publication, The North American Indian, remains unmatched in American ethnographic annals for its scope, depth, empathy, and artistry. On view through April 30, 2023.

### Ongoing

* **Courage & Crossroads: A Visual Journey through the American West** A presentation style pipe tomahawk given to Meriwether Lewis on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Kit Carson’s messenger pouch, and other rare and unique objects tell the story of the American West in the 19th and early 20th centuries alongside more than 100 paintings and sculptures by artists ranging from Thomas Moran and Alfred Jacob Miller to Frederic Remington, Charles M. Russell, and the Taos Founders. On loan from the Peterson Family Collection, these works attest to Board of Trustee Tim Peterson’s interest in Native American culture, the Fur Trapper period, and the early days on the Western Frontier.
* **Canvas of Clay: Hopi Pottery Masterworks from The Allan and Judith Cooke Collection** This exhibition celebrates six centuries of the Hopi people and culture with more than 65 of the finest examples of Hopi pottery from The Allan and Judith Cooke Collection. An interactive video describes the creation of Hopi pottery, with a special segment on the Cookes and the inspiration for their collection. Historic and contemporary masterworks include 18 pieces by Nampeyo, the most famous of the Hopi potters, as well as works by 22 additional master potters including Nampeyo’s descendants. Recently, Western Spirit just acquired an additional 72 pieces from the collection. These works will be rotated into the exhibition.
* **Dr. Rennard Strickland’s Profound Legacy: The Golden West on the Silver Screen** This exhibition, in memory of Dr. Rennard Strickland celebrates his life and legacy with posters and lobby cards selected from his world-renowned collection of more than 7,000 Western and Indian movie poster graphic arts, amassed over 50 years. Both Arizona State University Foundation for A New American University and Western Spirit are honored to be stewards of this collection of national and international importance for present and future generations.

* **The A.P. Hays Spirit of the West Collection** Revolvers, rifles, saddles, knives, holsters, spurs, chaps, badges and more—see a collection of 1,400 Old West items, many exceedingly rare, from the collection of Scottsdale gallerist A.P. Hays. Themes include Working Cowboys, Wild West Shows, Western Gear Made in Prisons, Rodeos and Fairs, Western Movies and Parades, Outlaws and Lawmen, Western Saloons, and Illustrations.
* **Of Spirit and Flame: John Coleman Bronzes from the Collection of Frankie and Howard Alper** Experience more than 20 bronze sculptures by Arizona-based, award-winning sculptor and painter John Coleman—one of the nation’s most celebrated contemporary interpreters of the American West. An interactive video kiosk allows visitors to learn about the lost-wax casting process of bronze sculpture.

### Past

* Arizona Highways: The Art of Our Photography - November 12, 2021 - January 16, 2022
* The Morton and Donna Fleischer American Military Saddle Collection - October 1, 2020 – 2021
* The Abe Hays Family Maynard Dixon Collection - October 1, 2020 – May 24, 2021
* Maynard Dixon's American West - October 15, 2019 – August 2, 2021
* By Beauty Obsessed: Gilbert Waldman Collections the West - September 10, 2019 – August 23, 2021
* Will James: Cowboy & Artists & Author - May 7, 2019 – August 18, 2019
* Charles M. Russell: The Women in His Life and Art - November 20, 2018 – April 14, 2019
* New Beginnings: An American Story of Romantics and Modernists in the West - October 16, 2018 – September 15, 2019

* New Acquisitions from the Herberger Collection - September 11, 2018 - November 25, 2018

* A Spotlight on Contemporary Hopi Ceramicists and Katsina Doll Carvers - February 13, 2018 – November 25, 2018

* The Art of Joe Beeler: A Western Original - January 16, 2018 – October 28, 2018

* Western Edge: Humor and Playfulness in Contemporary Western Art - January 9, 2018 – September 9, 2018
* Of Spirit and Flame: John Coleman Bronzes from the Collection of Frankie and Howard Alper - June 2017 – January 17, 2021

* The Rennard Strickland Collection of Western Film History - June 20, 2017 – September 30, 2018

* Grand Canyon Grandeur - June 6, 2017 – December 31, 2017

* The Taos Society of Artists - January 10, 2017 – April 30, 2017

* The Scottsdale Craftsmen: A 70-Year Legacy - December 20, 2016 - February 11, 2018
* Marjorie Thomas: Arizona Art Pioneer - December 20, 2016 – January 7, 2018

* John Coleman: Past/ Present/ Future - September 17, 2016 – May 31, 2017

* Lone Wolf (Hart M. Schultz): Cowboy, Actor & Artist - June 21, 2016 – August 31, 2016
* A Salute to Cowboy Artists of America and a Patron, The Late Eddie Basha: 50th Years of Amazing Contributions to the American West - November 7, 2015 – May 31, 2016

* Will James: Cowboy & Artists & Author - January 15, 2015 – December 2016

* Confluence of Cultures in the American West: A Selection of Contemporary Artists from the Peterson Collection - January 15, 2015 – January 13, 2019
* Inspirational Journey: The Story of Lewis and Clark, Featuring the Artwork of Charles Fritz - January 15, 2015 – October 30, 2016

* The Heritage Hall: Photographs and Biographies of People Who Have Made a Contribution to the American West, Past and Present - January 15, 2015 – 2016

* Process and Materiality: The Bronze Artistry of John Coleman with Erik Petersen - January 15, 2015 – October 11, 2015
* Fine Art of the American West: People and Places - January 15, 2015 – October 11, 2015

## The Sue and Robert Karatz Museum Store

Unique offerings celebrate the western lifestyle at Western Spirit’s Sue and Robert Karatz Museum Store, the “Best Place to Get AZ Stuff,” according to Phoenix Magazine. From pottery, glassware and kitchen gear to books, jewelry, children’s items and more, all purchases are tax-free and benefit our non-profit organization. Admission to the store is free. Museum Members receive up to 15% off all purchases (some exclusions apply).

## InfoBox

Western Spirit: Scottsdale's Museum of the West
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 2015 (2015) |
| Location | 3830 N. Marshall Way
Scottsdale, Arizona 85251
United States |
| Coordinates | 33°29′33″N 111°55′43″W / 33.4924°N 111.9285°W / 33.4924; -111.9285 |
| Type | Museum |
| Website | scottsdalemuseumwest.org |


title: Museum de Speeltoren

abstract: Museum de Speeltoren is a museum in Monnickendam, North Holland, in the Netherlands. Museum exhibitions focus on the history, culture, art, and environment of Monnickendam. The museum has a large collection of delftware and majolica. They also have an exhibition where guests can go inside the Speeltoren carillon. In 2015, the museum was awarded the national Dutch "Museum Discover Award."

text:
# Museum de Speeltoren

**Museum de Speeltoren** is a museum in Monnickendam, North Holland, in the Netherlands.

Museum exhibitions focus on the history, culture, art, and environment of Monnickendam. The museum has a large collection of delftware and majolica. They also have an exhibition where guests can go inside the Speeltoren carillon.

In 2015, the museum was awarded the national Dutch "Museum Discover Award."

## InfoBox

Museum de Speeltoren
| Waterlandsmuseum de Speeltoren | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Noordeinde 2-4, Monnickendam, North Holland |
| Coordinates | 52°27′34″N 5°02′09″E / 52.4594°N 5.0358°E / 52.4594; 5.0358 |
| Type | History |
| Chairperson | Frans Fontaine |
| Website | www.despeeltoren.nl |


title: The Major and the Minor

abstract: The Major and the Minor is a 1942 American romantic comedy film starring Ginger Rogers and Ray Milland. It was the first American film directed by Billy Wilder. The screenplay credited to Wilder and Charles Brackett is "suggested by" the 1923 play Connie Goes Home by Edward Childs Carpenter, based on the 1921 Saturday Evening Post story "Sunny Goes Home" by Fannie Kilbourne.

text:
# The Major and the Minor

***The Major and the Minor*** is a 1942 American romantic comedy film starring Ginger Rogers and Ray Milland. It was the first American film directed by Billy Wilder. The screenplay credited to Wilder and Charles Brackett is "suggested by" the 1923 play *Connie Goes Home* by Edward Childs Carpenter, based on the 1921 Saturday Evening Post story "Sunny Goes Home" by Fannie Kilbourne.

## Plot

After her first client, Albert Osborne (Robert Benchley), makes a heavy pass and refuses to take “No” for an answer, Susan Applegate (Ginger Rogers) quits her job as a Revigorous System scalp massager and decides to leave New York City and return home to Stevenson, Iowa. At the train station, she discovers she has only enough money to cover a half fare, so she disguises herself as a twelve-year-old girl named Su-Su. When two suspicious conductors catch her smoking, Su-Su takes refuge in the compartment of Major Philip Kirby (Ray Milland) who, believing she is a frightened child, agrees to let her stay in his compartment until they reach his stop.

When the train is detained by flooding, Philip's fiancée, Pamela Hill (Rita Johnson) and her father, his commanding officer at the military academy where he teaches, drive to meet him. Pamela boards the train and finds Su-Su sleeping in the lower berth. Imagining the worst, she accuses Philip of being unfaithful and reports his transgression to her father and the board. Amused, Philip introduces Su-Su to the assembled authorities. Pamela insists that she stay with them.

Pamela's teenaged sister Lucy (Diana Lynn), a student of biology, immediately sees through Susan's disguise. She promises to keep her secret if Susan will help her sabotage Pamela's efforts to keep Philip at the academy instead of allowing him to be assigned to active duty. Pretending to be Pamela, Susan calls one of Pamela's Washington, D.C. connections and arranges to have Philip's status changed.

Susan becomes popular with the cadets, most of whom have refined a technique for stealing kisses using a description of the fall of the Maginot Line. Philip tries to explain to Susan why she should not encourage them, losing himself in a metaphor of lightbulbs and moths. At one point, he looks at her through his bad eye and tells her she will be a “knockout” one day.

At the big school dance, Philip thanks Pamela: He reports for active duty in a week. She does not deny her role but refuses to marry him at such short notice. Cadet Clifford Osborne introduces Susan to his parents: His father is the client whose behavior prompted her to quit her job. It takes a while for Osborne senior to recall, but he eventually recognizes Susan and reveals her identity to Pamela.

Susan arranges to meet Philip after the dance. She rushes back to Lucy's room to change. Pamela tells Philip that Su-Su is sick, and Susan finds Pamela waiting instead. Pamela threatens to create a public scandal that will destroy Philip's career, unless Susan leaves immediately. Susan makes Lucy promise never to tell Philip about her.

Susan returns home, but continues to daydream about Philip, staring for hours at the moths fluttering around the porch light, much to the frustration of her fiancé, Will Duffy (Richard Fiske), and the mystification of her mother (Lela E. Rogers). When Philip phones from the train station, Susan identifies herself as Su-Su's mother; Su-Su is at a school play. He is on his way to San Diego to report for active duty; he has a frog from Lucy. At the house, he is astonished by Mrs. Applegate's resemblance to her daughter. He delivers best wishes from everyone at the school and tells her that Pamela married someone else. Pamela was right about one thing: A man heading into war has no right to marry. He tells her about an officer on his train who is traveling with his girl. They will stop in Nevada to be married, she will see him off, and he will be gone. Mrs Applegate tells him that he underestimates women.

At the station, the train draws near. Susan is standing at the far end of the platform. He approaches her, cautiously, starting to smile as the pieces fall into place. Her name? Susan Kathleen Applegate. She is going to marry a soldier—if he'll have her. She has a theory about the Fall of France... As she draws nearer, he looks at her with his bad eye. They kiss. “Su-Su!” he cries. “Come Philip!” she replies, and they run for the train.

## Cast

## Production

Billy Wilder had arrived in Hollywood in 1934 shortly after directing his first film, the French language *Mauvaise Graine*. During the ensuing years, he and Charles Brackett had collaborated on eight screenplays, including *Ninotchka* and *Ball of Fire*, but Wilder was anxious to direct again and producer Arthur Hornblow Jr. agreed to give him a chance. Wilder was determined to make a mainstream film that would be a box-office success so he would not be relegated to a typewriter for the rest of his career. Paramount Pictures owned the screen rights to the play *Connie Goes Home*, which Wilder thought was the perfect vehicle for Ginger Rogers, and he and Brackett wrote the role of Philip Kirby with Cary Grant in mind. Their dialogue includes the oft-quoted line "Why don't you get out of that wet coat and into a dry martini?"

Rogers recently had won the Academy Award for Best Actress for *Kitty Foyle* and now was in a position to select her own director. Agent Leland Hayward represented both Rogers and Wilder, who asked him to intercede with her on his behalf, and Brackett also urged her to meet the neophyte director. She agreed, and she and the screenwriters met during the filming of *Roxie Hart*. They pitched the film during lunch at an Italian restaurant, and Rogers later recalled Wilder "was charming, a European gentleman ... I've always been a good judge of character. I decided then and there that we would get along and that he had the qualities to become a good director ... I felt he would be strong, and that he would listen. He certainly understood how to pay attention to a woman." What also appealed to Rogers was the basic concept of the film. As a younger woman, she had pretended to be eligible for a child's fare when traveling by train with her cash-strapped mother on more than one occasion, so she easily identified with the plot and agreed to make the film. Wilder also agreed to her suggestion that he cast her own mother as her mother in the film.

Wilder was driving home from the studio one evening and pulled up at a red light next to Ray Milland. Impulsively, he called out, "I'm doing a picture. Would you like to be in it?," and the actor responded, "Sure." Wilder sent him the script, which Milland liked. Three years later the two men would collaborate on *The Lost Weekend*, which would win Oscars for both of them.

As a neophyte director, Wilder heavily relied on editor Doane Harrison for guidance. Harrison had edited *Hold Back the Dawn* (1941), which Brackett and Wilder had written. Unusually for an editor, Harrison was on the set for filming as well as working in the cutting room. Wilder later said, "I worked with a very good cutter, Doane Harrison, from whom I learned a great deal. He was much more of a help to me than the cameraman. When I became a director from a writer, my technical knowledge was very meagre." Harrison taught him how to "cut in the camera", a form of spontaneous editing that results in a minimal amount of film being shot and eliminates the possibility of studio heads later adding footage the director deemed unnecessary. In later years, Wilder commented, "When I finish a film, there is nothing on the cutting room floor but chewing gum wrappers and tears." Wilder's and Harrison's unusually close and important collaboration continued for every subsequent film directed by Wilder through *The Fortune Cookie* (1966).

Leo Tover was the cinematographer for the film; Tover had also worked on *Hold Back the Dawn*. The campus of St. John's Military Academy in Delafield, Wisconsin, was used for exterior location shots. Principal photography was completed quickly and efficiently. Rogers later recalled, "We had a lot of fun making the picture. It was that kind of story. And even though it was his first film, from day one, I saw that Billy knew what to do. He was very sure of himself. He had perfect confidence ... I've never been sorry I made the film. *The Major and the Minor* really holds up. It's as good now as it was then."

The film was remade as *You're Never Too Young* in 1955. The gender-reversal version starred Jerry Lewis as the adult disguised as a child and Diana Lynn, who portrayed teenager Lucy Hill in the original.

## Soundtrack

The film's soundtrack includes "Blues in the Night" by Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer; "Sweet Sue Just You" by Victor Young and Will J. Harris; "Dream Lover" by Victor Schertzinger and Clifford Grey; "Isn't It Romantic" and "Lover" by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart.

## Critical reception

Bosley Crowther of *The New York Times* said the Wilder-Brackett script "effervesces with neat situations and bright lines" and added, "The gentlemen have written – and Mr. Wilder has directed – a bountiful comedy-romance. And Miss Rogers and Mr. Milland have played it with spirit and taste. Never once does either permit the suggestion of a leer to creep in ... Miss Rogers gives a beautiful imitation of a Quiz Kid imitating Baby Snooks. And in those moments when romance brightly kindles, she is a soft and altogether winning miss. Put this down as one of the best characterizations of her career. Credit Mr. Milland, too, with making a warm and nimble fellow of the major, and all the rest of the cast for doing very well with lively roles."

*Variety* called the film a "sparkling and effervescing piece of farce-comedy" with a story that is "light, fluffy, and frolicsome ... Both script and direction swing the yarn along at a consistent pace, with the laughs developing naturally and without strain."

## InfoBox

| The Major and the Minor | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Billy Wilder |
| Written by | Billy Wilder
Charles Brackett |
| Based on | *Connie Goes Home* (1923 play)
Edward Childs Carpenter
*Sunny Goes Home* (1921 story)
by Fannie Kilbourne |
| Produced by | Arthur Hornblow Jr. |
| Starring | Ginger Rogers
Ray Milland |
| Cinematography | Leo Tover |
| Edited by | Doane Harrison |
| Music by | Robert Emmett Dolan |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * September 16, 1942 (1942-09-16) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $2.5 million (rentals) |


title: JESNA

abstract: JESNA is the Jewish federation system's educational coordinating, planning, and development agency. A national, non-profit agency, it was created in 1981. It closed in 2013.

text:
# JESNA

**JESNA** (**Jewish Education Service of North America**) is the Jewish federation system's educational coordinating, planning, and development agency. A national, non-profit agency, it was created in 1981. It closed in 2013.

## Role

Over the past twenty-five years (until 2013), the agency provided service and created partnerships with a wide array of organizations and individuals, including Federations, the religious movements, national agencies, foundations, and many educational institutions.

JESNA's goal was to increase the availability of engaging, inspiring, high quality Jewish education. Operating as a national resource, a community partner, a catalyst and a consultant, an innovator and a guarantor of quality, JESNA helped to: recruit and prepare new generations of talented, committed Jewish educators; create and identify models of excellence in educational practice; and assist communities and front-line institutions in improving their programs and performance.

JESNA worked closely with the central agencies for Jewish education that operate in more than 60 communities and the Jewish federations in more than 150 communities throughout North America.

## Structure

It was governed by a board of directors composed of lay and professional leaders in Jewish education from across North America, including individuals from the major Jewish religious movements.


title: Hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase

abstract: In enzymology, a hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the epoxyalcohol metabolites arachidonic acid, hepoxilin A3 and hepoxilin B3 to their tri-hydroxyl products, trioxolin A3 and trioxilin B3, respectively. These reactions in general inactivate the two biologically active hepoxilins.

text:
# Hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase

In enzymology, a **hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase** (EC 3.3.2.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the epoxyalcohol metabolites arachidonic acid, hepoxilin A3 and hepoxilin B3 to their tri-hydroxyl products, trioxolin A3 and trioxilin B3, respectively. These reactions in general inactivate the two biologically active hepoxilins.

## Enzyme activity

Hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase converts the epoxide residue in hepoxilins A3 and B3 to Vicinal (chemistry) diols as exemplified in the following enzyme reaction for the metabolism of hepoxilin A3 to trioxilin A3:

8-hydroxy-11*S*,12*S*epoxy-(5*Z*,8*Z*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid + H2O $\rightleftharpoons $ 8,11,12-trihydroxy-(5*Z*,9*E*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid

The substrates of this enzyme are 8-hydroxy-11*S*,12*S*epoxy-(5*Z*,8*Z*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid, i.e. hepoxilin A3 and H2O, whereas its product is 8,11,12-trihydroxy-(5*Z*,9*E*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid, i.e. the triol, trioxilin A3.

## Epoxide hydrolases

Epoxide hydrolases represent a group of enzymes that convert various types of epoxides to vicinal diols. Several members of this group have this metabolic activity on fatty acid epoxides including microsomal epoxide hydrolase (i.e. epoxide hydrolase 1 or EH1), soluble epoxide hydrolase (i.e. epoxide hydrolase 2 or EH2), epoxide hydrolase 3 (EH3), epoxide hydrolase 4 (EH4), and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (see epoxide hydrolase). The systematic name of this enzyme class is (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoat e hydrolase. Other names in common use include hepoxilin epoxide hydrolase, hepoxylin hydrolase, and hepoxilin A3 hydrolase. Since the hepoxilins are metabolites of arachidonic acid, hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase participates in arachidonic acid metabolism.

## Identity of hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase

Studies have shown that soluble epoxide hydrolase (i.e. epoxide hydrolase 2 or EH2) readily metabolizes **a)** hepoxilin A3 (8-hydroxy-11*S*,12*S*epoxy-(5*Z*,8*Z*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid) to trioxilin A3 (8,11,12-trihydroxy-(5*Z*,9*E*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid) and **b)** hepoxilin B3 (10-hydroxy-11*S*,12*S*epoxy-(5*Z*,9*E*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid) to trioxlin B3 (10,11,12-trihydroxy-(5*Z*,9*E*,14*Z*)-eicosatrienoic acid. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (i.e. epoxide hydrolase 2 or EH2) sEH also appears to be the hepoxilin hydrolase that is responsible for inactivating the epoxyalcohol metabolites of arachidonic acid, hepoxilin A3 and hepoxiin B3. Soluble epoxide hydrolase is widely expressed in a diversity of human and other mammal tissues and therefore appears to be the hepoxilin hydrolase responsible for inactivating hepoxilin A3 and B3 (see soluble epoxide hydrolase#Function and epoxide hydrolase#Hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase). The ability of EH1, EH3, EH4, and leukotriene A4 hydrolase to metabolize hepoxilins to trioxilins has not yet been reported.

## Function

Hepoxilins possess several activities (see hepoxilin#Physiological effects) whereas their trioxilin products are generally considered to be inactive. Accordingly, the soluble epoxide hydrolase metabolic pathway is considered to function in vivo to inactivate or limit the activity of the hepoxilins. The other fatty acid epoxide hydrolases cited in the Epoxide hydrolases section (above) have not be reported for hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase activity, could possibly exhibit this, and therefore contribute to inactivating the hepoxilins.

## InfoBox

| hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.3.2.7 |
| CAS no. | 122096-98-4 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Hermenegild (given name)

abstract:
Hermenegild is a Germanic given name, originally Gothic Ermengild. Its most famous bearer was the Visigothic prince Hermenegild, who was later canonised by the Catholic Church. The Spanish and Portuguese form of the name, Hermenegildo, has been popular. The French form is Herménégilde. The names Menendo and Melendo, once popular in Spain, were derived from Hermenegildo, like Mendo, in Portugal. They gave rise to the patronymics Méndez, Meléndez and Menéndez in Spanish and Mendes in Portuguese.
  - Hermenegild I, Asturian ecclesiastic
  - Hermenegild II, auxiliary bishop
  - Hermenegild Jireček, Bohemian jurist
  - Herménégilde Boulay, Canadian politician
  - Herménégilde Chiasson, Canadian artist
  - Hermenegildo Anglada Camarasa, Spanish painter
  - Hermenegildo Capelo, Portuguese explorer
  - Hermenegildo da Costa Paulo Bartolomeu, Angolan football (soccer) player
  - Hermenegildo Galeana, Mexican war hero
  - Hermenegildo González, Galician count
  - Hermenegildo Sábat, South American caricaturist
  - Hermenegildo Villanueva, Filipino politician
  - Ermenegildo Zegna, Italian luxury fashion house

text:
# Hermenegild (given name)

**Hermenegild** is a Germanic given name, originally Gothic *Ermengild* (meaning "immense treasure"). Its most famous bearer was the Visigothic prince Hermenegild, who was later canonised by the Catholic Church. The Spanish and Portuguese form of the name, *Hermenegildo*, has been popular. The French form is *Herménégilde*. The names *Menendo* and *Melendo*, once popular in Spain, were derived from Hermenegildo, like *Mendo*, in Portugal. They gave rise to the patronymics Méndez, Meléndez and Menéndez in Spanish and Mendes in Portuguese.


title: Monsters Ate My Condo

abstract: Monsters Ate My Condo was an iOS tile-matching video game developed by PikPok and released on September 15, 2011 by Adult Swim Games for $0.99. A sequel, Super Monsters Ate My Condo, was released in 2012.

text:
# Monsters Ate My Condo

***Monsters Ate My Condo*** was an iOS tile-matching video game developed by PikPok and released on September 15, 2011 by Adult Swim Games for $0.99. A sequel, ***Super Monsters Ate My Condo***, was released in 2012.

## Gameplay

The main goal of the game is to feed four unique monsters their specific color-coded floors of a condo. These monsters, dubbed Boat Head, Reginald Starfire, Mr. Shigoto and Lord Ferocious, are fed the floors of the condo through the player swiping the appropriately-colored floors to them in either Endless or Timed Attack mode. When you match three or more of the same color, you earn additional point and switch out one of the present monsters for another. However, it's game over if you either fail to keep the condo tower straight or feed the wrong colored-condo floor to the wrong monster too many times.

## Reception

### Monsters Ate My Condo

The game had a Metacritic rating of 87% based on 14 critic reviews.

Modojo deemed it "a bizarre but immensely satisfying experience, thanks in part to the addictive premise, excessively colorful graphics, NES style music and online leaderboards. " PocketGamerUK called it "The best Adult Swim title to date, and a squeak away from classic status." Gamezebo said "Some people may decry the lack of variety involved (the game only offer two modes – endless and time attack), but games like this don't need to be anything more than what they are to be a success. Now if you'll excuse me, I have some monsters to feed. "

During the 15th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated *Monsters Ate My Condo* for "Casual Game of the Year".

### Super Monsters Ate My Condo

The game had a Metacritic score of 86% based on 9 critic reviews.

TouchArcade wrote "If you enjoyed the first Monsters Ate My Condo, I think this is an upgrade that's worth your time and dollar. It looks better, it sounds better, and it still has that completely wacky style that's almost impossible not to love. " Gamezebo said "Unless you play MAMC strictly for Endless Mode, Super Monsters Ate My Condo is absolutely the superior game and what the original should have been, even if we didn't realize it at the time. It retains all of the ridiculous charm and ingenuity from its predecessor, sandwiched between more, more, more: more content, more hooks, and more fun. That's a combo any monster would salivate over". Modojo said "If you're one of those boring old-fashioned gamers who values crazy things like fun, compulsion, and competitiveness, you really owe it to yourself to grab this stellar action-puzzler. "

## InfoBox

| Monsters Ate My Condo | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | PikPok |
| Publisher(s) | Adult Swim Games |
| Platform(s) | iOS, Android |
| Release | September 15, 2011 |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle |


title: Kirti Shiledar

abstract: Keerti Shiledar, sometimes spelled Kirti Shiledar, was an Indian singer of Hindustani classical music and an actress on Marathi musical stage. She presided over the 98th Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan held in 2018.

text:
# Kirti Shiledar

**Keerti Shiledar** (1952 – 22 January 2022), sometimes spelled Kirti Shiledar, was an Indian singer of Hindustani classical music and an actress on Marathi musical stage. She presided over the 98th Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan (All India Marathi drama convention) held in 2018.

## Early life

Keerti Shiledar was born in 1952, as the daughter of Marathi stage actors Jayaram Shiledar and Jaymala Shiledar, who are credited with keeping the Marathi musical stage alive during the lean years for this genre during the period. She started her acting career at the age of 12 when she officially joined the Marathi Rangbhumi Natak Company of her parents and participated in various Marathi musicals. She received her training in Hindustani classical vocals by actor and musician Nilkanth Abhyankar.

## Stage career

She performed in several Marathi musical dramas, including "Sangeet Swarsamradni", "Sangeet Kanhopatra", "Yayati Aani Devyani", "Sangeet Raamrajyaviyog", "Sanshay Kallol", "Swaymvar", "Sangeet Shakuntal", "Saubhadra", "Mrutchha Katik", "Mandodari", and "Ekach Pyala".

## Personal life and death

Keerti Shiledar died of kidney ailments in Pune, on 22 January 2022, at the age of 69.


title: Henrik Širko

abstract: Henrik Širko is a Croatian professional basketball player currently playing for Prishtina of the Kosovo Basketball Superleague. Standing at 1.98 m, he plays at the small forward position.

text:
# Henrik Širko

**Henrik Širko** (born January 23, 1993) is a Croatian professional basketball player currently playing for Prishtina of the Kosovo Basketball Superleague. Standing at 1.98 m, he plays at the small forward position.

## Professional career

Širko started playing basketball in his home town of Šibenik, but never spent much time on court until he moved to Kvarner coached by Aramis Naglić. He spent a season in Zadar before moving to Split. After spending three seasons there affirming himself as one of the key players of the club, in July 2018 he signed with the Greek Peristeri.

In August 2019, he joined Zabok of the Croatian League, signing an open contract allowing him to leave the club easily if a better offer occurred. Without playing a single game for Zabok, in September 2019, Širko moved to Peja of the Kosovo Superleague.

On August 8, 2020, Širko returned to his hometown signing with Šibenka of the Croatian League.

Širko returned to Peja of the Kosovo Basketball Superleague at the start of the 2021–22 season. In December, 2021, he moved to Golden Eagle Ylli playing in the same league.

## InfoBox

Henrik Širko
| No. 31  Prishtina | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Small forward |
| League | Kosovo Basketball Superleague |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1993-01-23) January 23, 1993<br>Šibenik, Croatia |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Listed height | 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) |
| Listed weight | 94 kg (207 lb) |
| Career information | |
| Playing career | 2008–present |
| Career history | |
| 2008–2011 | Šibenka |
| 2011–2014 | Kvarner 2010 |
| 2014–2015 | Zadar |
| 2015–2018 | Split |
| 2018–2019 | Peristeri |
| 2019–2020 | Peja |
| 2020–2021 | Šibenka |
| 2021 | Peja |
| 2021–2023 | Ylli |
| 2023–present | Prishtina |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Villa San Donato

abstract: The Villa San Donato is a Palladian palace built by Russian industrialist Nikolay Demidov on 42 hectares of marshland to the north of Florence at Polverosa which he had bought from the Catholic church, after he was made Russia's ambassador to the court of Tuscany. The first stone was laid on 27 June 1827 and construction was completed in 1831. It includes an estates with rivers, lakes, churches, a menagerie, a silk factory, a zoo, gardens and a railway. The designs were by Giovan Battista Silvestri, architect to the Uffizi. Besides vast private apartments, it includes a private 14-room museum built to contain the huge Demidov collection. The ceiling of the dome over the central rotonda has a fresco of 1827 by Domenico Morelli, repainted in 1841 by the French painter Jean Baptiste Fortuné de Fournier. It was seriously damaged in the Second World War. The adjacent Demidoff Chapel of San Donato is now owned by the Church of Christ.

text:
# Villa San Donato

The **Villa San Donato** is a Palladian palace built by Russian industrialist Nikolay Demidov on 42 hectares of marshland to the north of Florence at Polverosa which he had bought from the Catholic church, after he was made Russia's ambassador to the court of Tuscany. The first stone was laid on 27 June 1827 and construction was completed in 1831. It includes an estates with rivers, lakes, churches, a menagerie, a silk factory, a zoo, gardens and a railway. The designs were by Giovan Battista Silvestri, architect to the Uffizi.

Besides vast private apartments, it includes a private 14-room museum built to contain the huge Demidov collection. The ceiling of the dome over the central rotonda has a fresco of 1827 by Domenico Morelli, repainted in 1841 by the French painter Jean Baptiste Fortuné de Fournier. It was seriously damaged in the Second World War. The adjacent Demidoff Chapel of San Donato is now owned by the Church of Christ.


title: The Men of Justice

abstract: The Men of Justice <法網群英> is a television series broadcast by ATV, created and produced by the Gary Tang Tak Hei. The cast includes Lawrence Ng, Amy Chan, Kenneth Chan, Pinky Cheung, Jacky Lui, and William So. Incorporating several controversial cases, The Men of Justice focuses on the perpetual conflict between law enforcement and criminal activities. The series incorporates elements from current events that Hong Kong audience is familiar with. It also includes a battle-of-wits little-known outside the court system, such as how to skillfully use legal procedures, and how to choose members of the jury for important cases. Interspersed between the development of the characters’ relationships are the legal cases, which include: a medical malpractice case; corruption within the police force; a witness failing to help a traffic accident victim, which ultimately led to the person's death; the death of a wealthy tycoon and the subsequent dispute over his will.

text:
# The Men of Justice

***The Men of Justice*** \<法網群英\> is a television series broadcast by ATV, created and produced by the Gary Tang Tak Hei. The cast includes Lawrence Ng, Amy Chan, Kenneth Chan, Pinky Cheung, Jacky Lui, and William So.

Incorporating several controversial cases, *The Men of Justice* focuses on the perpetual conflict between law enforcement and criminal activities. The series incorporates elements from current events that Hong Kong audience is familiar with. It also includes a battle-of-wits little-known outside the court system, such as how to skillfully use legal procedures, and how to choose members of the jury for important cases.

Interspersed between the development of the characters’ relationships are the legal cases, which include: a medical malpractice case; corruption within the police force; a witness failing to help a traffic accident victim, which ultimately led to the person's death; the death of a wealthy tycoon and the subsequent dispute over his will.


title: Papaipema pterisii

abstract: Papaipema pterisii, the bracken borer moth, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Papaipema pterisii

***Papaipema pterisii***, the **bracken borer moth**, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

* Crabo L, Davis M, Hammond P, Mustelin T, Shepard J (2013). "Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenée (Noctuidae)". *ZooKeys* 264: 85-123.
* Lafontaine D, Troubridge J (2010). "Two new species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae)". *ZooKeys* 39: 255-262.
* Lafontaine, J. Donald & Schmidt, B. Christian (2010). "Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico". *ZooKeys*, vol. 40, 1-239.

## Further reading

* Arnett, Ross H. (2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press.

## InfoBox

| *Papaipema pterisii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Papaipema* |
| Species: | ***P. pterisii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Papaipema pterisii***<br>Bird, 1907 | |
|