title: Townleyella

abstract: Townleyella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period.

text:
# Townleyella

***Townleyella*** is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period.

## InfoBox

| *Townleyella*<br>Temporal range: Dresbachian | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Trilobita |
| Family: | Ptychopariidae |
| Genus: | ***Townleyella*** |
|


title: Toxophorinae

abstract: Toxophorinae is a subfamily of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae. There are about 7 genera and more than 400 described species in Toxophorinae.

text:
# Toxophorinae

**Toxophorinae** is a subfamily of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae. There are about 7 genera and more than 400 described species in Toxophorinae.

## Genera

These seven genera belong to the subfamily Toxophorinae:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Toxophorinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Geron* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Subfamily: | Toxophorinae |
|


abstract: In Toxoplasma gondii the translational repression of lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) was discovered to be mediated through its 5′UTR. A small nucleotide regulatory RNA hairpin was shown to be essential for the repression. It is possible that this hairpin may act as the nucleation site for the binding of a trans-acting factor(s) that allow for the translational repression.

text:
# Toxoplasma lactate dehydrogenase 1 regulatory UTR

In *Toxoplasma gondii* the translational repression of lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) was discovered to be mediated through its 5′UTR. A small nucleotide regulatory RNA hairpin was shown to be essential for the repression. It is possible that this hairpin may act as the nucleation site for the binding of a *trans*-acting factor(s) that allow for the translational repression.

## InfoBox

| LDH1 5′UTR | |
| --- | --- |
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of LDH1 5′UTR | |
| Identifiers | |
| Rfam | RF02697 |
| Other data | |
| Domain(s) | Bacteria |
| GO | GO:0045182 |
| SO | SO:0005836,SO:0000204 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Trachoma stellatum

abstract: Trachoma stellatum, commonly known as the starry spectral orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic clump-forming orchid with many thick roots. It has between three and eight thick, leathery leaves and many short-lived, cream-coloured flowers with purple markings and a yellow-tipped labellum. This orchid occurs in tropical North Queensland.

text:
# Trachoma stellatum

***Trachoma stellatum***, commonly known as the **starry spectral orchid**, is an epiphytic or lithophytic clump-forming orchid with many thick roots. It has between three and eight thick, leathery leaves and many short-lived, cream-coloured flowers with purple markings and a yellow-tipped labellum. This orchid occurs in tropical North Queensland.

## Description

*Trachoma stellatum* is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb that forms clumps with many thick roots supporting sometimes branching stems 30–60 millimetres (1.2–2.4 in) long. There are between three and eight thick, leathery, oblong, pale to yellowish green leaves 50–70 millimetres (2.0–2.8 in) long, about 20 millimetres (0.79 in) wide and arranged in two ranks. A large number of short-lived, cream-coloured, resupinate flowers with purple markings, 8–9 millimetres (0.31–0.35 in) long and 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in) wide are arranged on a club-shaped flowering stem 10–35 millimetres (0.39–1.4 in) long. Up to ten flowers are open at the same time. The sepals and petals are about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long and 1.5 millimetres (0.059 in) wide. The labellum is about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long and 4 millimetres (0.16 in) wide with three lobes. The side lobes are erect, fleshy and triangular and the middle lobe is about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) long with a spur about 1.5 millimetres (0.059 in) long. Flowering occurs from March to July.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Trachoma stellatum* was first formally described in 1989 by David Jones, Bruce Gray, Mark Clements and Jeffrey Wood and the description was published in *Australian Orchid Research*. The specific epithet (*stellatum*) is a Latin word meaning "starred" or "starry".

## Distribution and habitat

The starry spectral orchid grows on rainforest trees and in humid places near rainforest edges. It is found between the Iron and McIlwraith Ranges at altitudes from 400 to 600 metres (1,300 to 2,000 ft) in Queensland.

## InfoBox

| Starry spectral orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustration by Lewis Roberts | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Trachoma* |
| Species: | ***T. stellatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trachoma stellatum***<br>D.L.Jones, B.Gray, M.A.Clem. & J.J.Wood | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Tour of the Netherlands

abstract: The Tour of the Netherlands (Dutch: Ronde van Nederland) was a road bicycle racing stage-race in the Netherlands, founded in 1948. It was an annual race since 1975. Because of the start of the UCI ProTour in 2005, it was replaced by the Eneco Tour. The first edition started on April 24, from Dam Square, Amsterdam. The riders finished on May 1, nine days later, in the Olympisch Stadion. The competition's roll of honor includes the successes of Rik Van Looy, Jan Janssen, Joop Zoetemelk and Laurent Fignon. The record of victories belongs to Gerrie Knetemann.

text:
# Tour of the Netherlands

The **Tour of the Netherlands** *(Dutch: **Ronde van Nederland**)* was a road bicycle racing stage-race in the Netherlands, founded in 1948.

It was an annual race since 1975. Because of the start of the UCI ProTour in 2005, it was replaced by the Eneco Tour.

The first edition started on April 24, from Dam Square, Amsterdam. The riders finished on May 1, nine days later, in the Olympisch Stadion.

The competition's roll of honor includes the successes of Rik Van Looy, Jan Janssen, Joop Zoetemelk and Laurent Fignon. The record of victories belongs to Gerrie Knetemann.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1948 | Emile Rogiers | Jean Goldschmit | Arie Vooren |
| 1949 | Gerrit Schulte | Désiré Keteleer | Bouk Schelligerhoudt |
| 1950 | Henk Lakeman | Jules Depoorter | Norbert Callens |
| 1951 | Jean Bogaerts | Joseph Van Stayen | Jos De Feyter |
| 1952 | Wim van Est | Wout Wagtmans | Gerrit Voorting |
| 1953 | *No race* | | |
| 1954 | Wim van Est | Gerrit Schulte | Gerrit Voorting |
| 1955 | Piet Haan | Wim van Est | Hein van Breenen |
| 1956 | Rik Van Looy | Guido Carlesi | Wim van Est |
| 1957 | Rik Van Looy | Wim van Est | Piet van den Brekel |
| 1958 | Piet van Est | Peter Post | Léo van den Brand |
| 1959 | *No race* | | |
| 1960 | Peter Post | Roger Baens | Coen Niesten |
| 1961 | Dick Enthoven | Huub Zilverberg | Joop Captein |
| 1962 | *No race* | | |
| 1963 | Lex van Kreuningen | Lambert van de Ven | Théo Nijs |
| 1964 | *No race* | | |
| 1965 | Jan Janssen | Bastian Aliepaard | Jos Huysmans |
| 1966-1974 | *No races* | | |
| 1975 | Joop Zoetemelk | Frans Verbeeck | Gerard Vianen |
| 1976 | Gerrie Knetemann | Ludo Peeters | Gerard Vianen |
| 1977 | Bert Pronk | Sean Kelly | Rudy Pevenage |
| 1978 | Johan van der Velde | Etienne Van der Helst | Rudy Pevenage |
| 1979 | Jan Raas | Gerrie Knetemann | Daniel Willems |
| 1980 | Gerrie Knetemann | Ludo Delcroix | Géry Verlinden |
| 1981 | Gerrie Knetemann | Hennie Kuiper | René Martens |
| 1982 | Bert Oosterbosch | Jan Raas | Gerrie Knetemann |
| 1983 | Adri van Houwelingen | Johnny Broers | Herman Frison |
| 1984 | Johan Lammerts | Jos Lammertink | Gert-Jan Theunisse |
| 1985 | Eric Vanderaerden | Theo De Rooy | Adri van Houwelingen |
| 1986 | Gerrie Knetemann | Gerrit Solleveld | Peter Pieters |
| 1987 | Teun van Vliet | Marc Sergeant | Adrie van der Poel |
| 1988 | Thierry Marie | Erik Breukink | Peter Stevenhaagen |
| 1989 | Laurent Fignon | Thierry Marie | Eddy Schurer |
| 1990 | Jelle Nijdam | Erik Breukink | Thierry Marie |
| 1991 | Frans Maassen | Olaf Ludwig | Eddy Schurer |
| 1992 | Jelle Nijdam | Thierry Marie | Laurent Bezault |
| 1993 | Erik Breukink | Jelle Nijdam | Olaf Ludwig |
| 1994 | Jesper Skibby | Djamolidine Abdoujaparov | Dario Bottaro |
| 1995 | Jelle Nijdam | Vjačeslav Ekimov | Flavio Vanzella |
| 1996 | Rolf Sørensen | Lance Armstrong | Vjačeslav Ekimov |
| 1997 | Erik Dekker | Peter Meinert Nielsen | Vjačeslav Ekimov |
| 1998 | Rolf Sørensen | Vjačeslav Ekimov | Peter Van Petegem |
| 1999 | Serhiy Honchar | Erik Dekker | Dylan Casey |
| 2000 | Erik Dekker | Robbie Hunter | Servais Knaven |
| 2001 | Léon van Bon | Erik Dekker | Serhiy Honchar |
| 2002 | Kim Kirchen | Erik Dekker | Víctor Hugo Peña |
| 2003 | Vjačeslav Ekimov | Bradley McGee | Serhiy Honchar |
| 2004 | Erik Dekker | Vjačeslav Ekimov | Marc Wauters |

## InfoBox

Tour of the Netherlands
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | August |
| Region | Netherlands |
| Local name(s) | Ronde van Nederland |
| Discipline | Road |
| Type | Stage race |
| History | |
| First edition | 1948 (1948) |
| Editions | 44 |
| Final edition | 2004 |
| First winner | Emile Rogiers (BEL) |
| Most wins | Gerrie Knetemann (NED) (4) |
| Final winner | Erik Dekker (NED) |


title: Trachydactylus hajarensis

abstract: Trachydactylus hajarensis, the spacious rock gecko or banded ground gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is found in Oman and the United Arab Emirates.

text:
# Trachydactylus hajarensis

***Trachydactylus hajarensis***, the **spacious rock gecko** or banded ground gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is found in Oman and the United Arab Emirates.

## InfoBox

| *Trachydactylus hajarensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Trachydactylus* |
| Species: | ***T. hajarensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trachydactylus hajarensis***<br>(Arnold, 1980) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Bunopus spatalurus hajarensis* | |


title: Townsends

abstract: Townsends is an American educational YouTube channel created and hosted by Jon Townsend. Originally a channel to advertise items for sale from the family's brick and mortar historical reenactment supply store in Pierceton, Indiana, Townsends has become known for its historical mini-documentaries. The channel covers a wide range of different aspects of 18th- and 19th-century living, especially recipes from the time period.

text:
# Townsends

**Townsends** is an American educational YouTube channel created and hosted by **Jon Townsend**. Originally a channel to advertise items for sale from the family's brick and mortar historical reenactment supply store in Pierceton, Indiana, Townsends has become known for its historical mini-documentaries. The channel covers a wide range of different aspects of 18th- and 19th-century living, especially recipes from the time period.

## History

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, James Townsend collected historical rifles. He organized and frequented historical reenactment and muzzleloading events, and subsequently had the idea to sell supplies to other enthusiasts. In 1973, he created a family business in Pierceton, Indiana which manufactures and sell clothes, cooking equipment, and accessories accurate to the 18th and 19th centuries. Since 1995, the business has been run by James's son, Jon Townsend. Items from the store have appeared in several films and television shows, including *Turn: Washington's Spies*, *Curb Your Enthusiasm*, *The Greatest Showman*, and the *Pirates of the Caribbean* series.

## YouTube channel

In 2009, Townsend created a YouTube channel to advertise the items for sale on the business's website. The channel's first video was a demonstration of the company's American Revolutionary War coats. The channel later shifted to creating mini-documentary historical content. Today, the channel has published hundreds of videos about a wide range of different aspects of 18th- and 19th-century life, such as log cabin building, cleaning laundry, and cooking historical recipes in an 18th-century replica kitchen. Most of the channel's videos are focused on cooking historical recipes. The recipes used by Townsends are referenced from historical primary sources such as *The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy*. Townsends has featured a 1784 recipe for macaroni and cheese; other presentations include coffee mixed with eggs, and fried deer heart.

In July 2017, Townsends produced a video at Mount Vernon about an "Orange Fool", a custard dessert flavored with orange juice reportedly enjoyed by George Washington. After publication, the video received comments from thousands of viewers believing the video was a veiled joke about Donald Trump. Shortly after, Townsends published a follow-up video titled "The Intrusion of Modern Politics on Our YouTube Channel" denying the claims. The title of the original video was later silently changed to "A Dessert Fit for the Washingtons".

## InfoBox

| Townsends | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Pierceton, Indiana |
| Website | https://townsends.us |
| YouTube information | |
| Channel |  |
| Genre | History |
| Subscribers | 2.48 million |
| Total views | 295 million |
| Contents are in | English |
| ---  *Last updated:* September 22, 2024 | |


title: Townshend Dam

abstract: Townshend Dam is a dam in Townshend, Windham County, Vermont. The earthen dam was constructed in 1961 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers with a height of 126 feet and a length of 1700 feet at its crest. It impounds Vermont's West River for flood control and seasonal storm water management. The dam is owned and operated by the Corps of Engineers. Its National ID number is VT00004. The riverine reservoir it creates, Townshend Lake, has a normal water surface of 95 acres, a maximum storage capacity of 54,300 acre-feet, and a normal storage capacity of 800 acre-feet. Recreation includes fishing, boating and hiking, along with facilities at the nearby Townshend State Park.

text:
# Townshend Dam

**Townshend Dam** is a dam in Townshend, Windham County, Vermont.

The earthen dam was constructed in 1961 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers with a height of 126 feet and a length of 1700 feet at its crest. It impounds Vermont's West River for flood control and seasonal storm water management. The dam is owned and operated by the Corps of Engineers. Its National ID number is VT00004.

The riverine reservoir it creates, **Townshend Lake**, has a normal water surface of 95 acres, a maximum storage capacity of 54,300 acre-feet, and a normal storage capacity of 800 acre-feet. Recreation includes fishing (for smallmouth bass, brown and rainbow trout), boating and hiking, along with facilities at the nearby Townshend State Park.

## InfoBox

| Townshend Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Townshend Lake, Vermont | |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 43°3′9.58″N 72°42′9.68″W / 43.0526611°N 72.7026889°W / 43.0526611; -72.7026889 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Height (foundation) | 126 feet (38 m) |
| Length | 1,700 feet (520 m) |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 800 acre-feet (987,000 m3) |
| Surface area | 95 acres (38 ha) |


title: Townsends Inlet

abstract: Townsends Inlet is an inlet connecting Townsend Sound with the Atlantic Ocean in Cape May County, New Jersey.

text:
# Townsends Inlet

**Townsends Inlet** is an inlet connecting Townsend Sound with the Atlantic Ocean in Cape May County, New Jersey.

## Geography

Townsends Inlet separates Seven Mile Island from Ludlam Island, and including its continuation, **Townsend Channel**, connects Townsend Sound with the Atlantic Ocean. Ingram Thorofare connects Townsends Inlet with Great Sound; North Channel, South Channel and Middle Thorofare connect to Stites Sound.

Townsends Inlet was described in 1878, *viz*.,

> *Townsend's Inlet*, less than half a mile wide, and having four feet of water, gives exit to the waters of Townsend's and Stite's Sounds, which lie within. Townsend's Run is a small stream flowing into the latter.

## Bridge

The Townsends Inlet Bridge is a toll bridge across the inlet, carrying Ocean Drive between Avalon and Sea Isle City. The bridge was built around 1940 and while it has undergone repairs, it is aging and has deteriorated. Plans to replace it are being developed.

## History

Townsends Inlet appears as **Denises Inlet** on a map circa 1700; the present name appears on a map published in 1749 by Lewis Evans.

39°07′04″N 74°42′52″W / 39.11778°N 74.71444°W / 39.11778; -74.71444


title: Tortuero

abstract: Tortuero is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 35 inhabitants.

text:
# Tortuero

**Tortuero** is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 35 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Tortuero, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Tortuero, SpainTortuero, SpainTortuero, Spain | |
| Coordinates: 40°56′15″N 3°21′08″W / 40.93750°N 3.35222°W / 40.93750; -3.35222 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Guadalajara |
| Municipality | Tortuero |
| Area | |
| Total | 46 km2 (18 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 18 |
| Density | 0.39/km2 (1.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Translucence/Drift Music

abstract: Translucence/Drift Music is a double studio album by American ambient musician Harold Budd and English musician and graphic artist John Foxx, which was released in August 2003. Budd and Foxx had long been engaged by the other's work, eventually working together in 1996. These two discs are a record of those sessions.

text:
# Translucence/Drift Music

***Translucence/Drift Music*** is a double studio album by American ambient musician Harold Budd and English musician and graphic artist John Foxx, which was released in August 2003. Budd and Foxx had long been engaged by the other's work, eventually working together in 1996. These two discs are a record of those sessions.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Harold Budd and John Foxx.

### Translucence (disc one)

1. "Subtext" – 5:59
2. "Spoken Roses" – 6:20
3. "Momentary Architecture" – 1:40
4. "Adult" – 3:03
5. "Long Light" – 3:54
6. "A Change in the Weather" – 2:41
7. "Here and Now" – 3:59
8. "Almost Overlooked" – 2:30
9. "Implicit" – 5:25
10. "Raindust" – 7:08
11. "Missing Person" – 1:35
12. "You Again" – 3:24

### Drift Music (disc two)

1. "Sunlight Silhouette" – 3:15
2. "The Other Room" – 1:57
3. "Some Way Through All the Cities" – 4:17
4. "Stepping Sideways" – 3:44
5. "A Delicate Romance" – 7:14
6. "Linger" – 1:59
7. "Curtains Blowing" – 3:06
8. "Weather Patterns" – 1:50
9. "Coming into Focus" – 5:02
10. "After All This Time" – 6:54
11. "Someone Almost There" – 1:33
12. "Resonant Frequency" – 2:45
13. "Avenue of Trees" – 1:16
14. "Underwater Flowers" – 6:05
15. "Arriving" – 1:25

## InfoBox

| Translucence/Drift Music | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Harold Budd and John Foxx | |
| Released | August 26, 2003 |
| Genre | Ambient |
| Length | 100:00 |
| Label | Demon Records / Edsel |
| Producer | Harold Budd, John Foxx |
| Harold Budd chronology | |
| *La Bella Vista*
(2003) ***Translucence/Drift Music***
(2003) *Avalon Sutra / As Long as I Can Hold My Breath*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| John Foxx chronology | |
| *Cathedral Oceans II*
(2003) ***Translucence/Drift Music***
(2003) *Crash and Burn*
(2003) | |
|  | |


title: Traulia ornata

abstract: Traulia ornata is a species of short-horned grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in south and eastern Asia.

text:
# Traulia ornata

***Traulia ornata*** is a species of short-horned grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in south and eastern Asia.

## Subspecies

These subspecies belong to the species *Traulia ornata*:

* *Traulia ornata amamiensis* Yamasaki, 1966
* *Traulia ornata chui* Yamasaki, 1991
* *Traulia ornata iriomotensis* Yamasaki, 1966
* *Traulia ornata ishigakiensis* Yamasaki, 1966
* *Traulia ornata okinawaensis*
* *Traulia ornata okinawensis* Yamasaki, 1966
* *Traulia ornata ornata* Shiraki, 1910
* *Traulia ornata yonaguniensis* Yamasaki, 1966

## InfoBox

| *Traulia ornata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Traulia ornata*, Hong Kong | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Subfamily: | Catantopinae |
| Tribe: | Mesambriini |
| Genus: | *Traulia* |
| Species: | ***T. ornata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Traulia ornata***<br>Shiraki, 1910 | |
|


title: Traugott Sandmeyer

abstract: Traugott Sandmeyer was a Swiss chemist after whom the Sandmeyer reaction, which he discovered 1884, was named.

text:
# Traugott Sandmeyer

**Traugott Sandmeyer** (15 September 1854  9 April 1922) was a Swiss chemist after whom the Sandmeyer reaction, which he discovered 1884, was named.

## Life

Sandmeyer was born as the last of seven children and attended school in Aarau, studying to become a precision mechanic. His friend, J. Gustav Schmidt, studied chemistry at the Polytechnikum of Zurich (ETH), and their cooperation in conducting experiments led to Sandmeyer's close contact with chemistry.

In 1882 Sandmeyer was made a chemistry lecturer at the ETH by Viktor Meyer. Meyer and Sandmeyer collaborated in studying the synthesis of thiophene, which Meyer had discovered earlier. When Meyer moved to the University of Göttingen, Sandmeyer followed, but then returned to Zürich after a year to work with Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch.

Sandmeyer began his career in industry in 1888 with Johann Rudolf Geigy-Merian, who was the owner of the chemical factory J. R. Geigy & Cie (later Ciba Geigy, now Novartis). Sandmeyer was involved in the development of several dyes and invented a new synthesis for indigo.

He also worked on the synthesis of isatin. and several reactions have been named after him: **Sandmeyer isonitrosoacetanilide isatin synthesis**(1919) and **Sandmeyer diphenylurea isatin synthesis**(1903).

1. "Traugott Sandmeyer, German chemist - Stock Image - H419/0354".

## InfoBox

| Traugott Sandmeyer | |
| --- | --- |
| Traugott Sandmeyer | |
| Born | 15 September 1854
Wettingen, Switzerland |
| Died | 9 April 1922(1922-04-09) (aged 67)
Zollikon, Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss |
| Known for | Sandmeyer reaction,
Sandmeyer isonitrosoacetanilide isatin synthesis,
Sandmeyer diphenylurea isatin synthesis |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Polytechnikum of Zurich,
University of Göttingen |
| Doctoral advisor | Viktor Meyer,
Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch |
|  | |


title: Toualet

abstract: Toualet is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 11815 people living in 1708 households.

text:
# Toualet

**Toualet** is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 11815 people living in 1708 households.

32°44′N 7°11′W / 32.733°N 7.183°W / 32.733; -7.183

## InfoBox

| Toualet | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural commune and town | |
| Country | Morocco |
| Region | Chaouia-Ouardigha |
| Province | Settat Province |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 11,815 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (WEST) |


title: Touahria

abstract: Touahria is a town and commune in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It is located in Mesra District. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 6,674.

text:
# Touahria

**Touahria** is a town and commune in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It is located in Mesra District. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 6,674.

35°48′38″N 0°12′34″E / 35.81056°N 0.20944°E / 35.81056; 0.20944

## InfoBox

| Touahria | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
|  | |
| Country | Algeria |
| Province | Mostaganem Province |
| District | Mesra District |
| Population (1998) | |
| Total | 6,674 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |


title: Traprain Law Treasure

abstract: The Traprain Law treasure is a hoard of late Roman hacksilver, found on the hillfort of Traprain Law during excavations in 1919. It is the largest hoard of Roman hacksilver currently known, weighing just over 23 kg. It consists mostly of Roman silver vessels, a few of which are complete but most of which had been cut into fragments or crushed. There are a few items of personal equipment and coins. The hoard was probably buried in the early fifth century AD. Early interpretations saw it as loot; more recent views prefer to see it as diplomatic gifts or payment for military service. It is currently on display in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

text:
# Traprain Law Treasure

The **Traprain Law treasure** is a hoard of late Roman hacksilver, found on the hillfort of Traprain Law (East Lothian, SE Scotland) during excavations in 1919. It is the largest hoard of Roman hacksilver currently known, weighing just over 23 kg. It consists mostly of Roman silver vessels, a few of which are complete but most of which had been cut into fragments or crushed. There are a few items of personal equipment and coins. The hoard was probably buried in the early fifth century AD. Early interpretations saw it as loot; more recent views prefer to see it as diplomatic gifts or payment for military service. It is currently on display in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

## Discovery and context

The hoard was found during excavations on the hill on 12 May 1919. The description of the discovery suggests it was buried in a pit dug within a house cluster on the uppermost levels of the western shoulder of the hill. During the Roman Iron Age, Traprain Law was a major local political centre beyond Hadrian's Wall. Excavations revealed a wealth of Roman finds, suggesting long-running connections to the Roman world. The hoard is usually interpreted as representing the burial of valuables to keep them safe.

## Restoration and replicas

The silver was restored by the Edinburgh silversmiths Brook & Son. This involved heating the silver to anneal it and make it malleable, so that it could be shaped back to its original form. Brook & Son also made replicas of the silver for sale. Some were direct copies or restorations of the originals; others were modified for contemporary taste, for instance by turning a spoon into a tea strainer.

## The original form of the silver

Most of the vessels started life as high-status tableware, such as large platters and small bowls used in the serving and eating of food at feasts, and jugs for serving wine and water. Various shapes of spoons were used for serving and eating food.

Another key category in the hoard was toilet silver - vessels used for bathing or personal hygiene, such as cosmetic containers, fluted water basins, and fragments of mirrors.

A few of the vessels were complete or nearly so, but most were fragments. Their original appearance could be worked out from preserved traces on them.

There were only a few personal items in the hoard, such as belt fittings and a brooch. A few silver coins (*siliquae*) were also found, dating to the reigns of Valens, Arcadius and Honorius. All had been clipped, which is typical of such coins used in Britain after the end of formal Roman rule.

The mixture of material indicates the hoard was put together from many different original sets of silver, and many different owners are represented among the ownership graffiti on the vessels. The iconography includes both Christian and pagan decoration.

## Selected highlights from the hoard

A near-complete jug from the hoard includes scenes from the Old and New Testament.

A complete fluted wash basin shows a Nereid riding a sea-panther.

Two panther handles probably came from a wine-serving vessel.

## Hacking the hoard

When the hoard was discovered, it was interpreted as loot hacked up after barbarian raids into the Roman empire. More recent analysis indicates that many of the items were originally cut quite carefully to standard Roman weights. It is suggested that the silver was converted to bullion at times of economic crisis within the Roman world, and was then used for diplomatic gifts or as payment for military service. Many of the pieces show signs of being cut more than once, suggesting they went through several hands.

## Reusing the silver

On Traprain Law, it seems the silver was valued as a raw material. Crucibles from the site show traces of silver working. Finds from the hill include a massive silver chain, probably made from reused Roman silver. Such Roman silver is argued to be the raw material for silver jewellery in the early Medieval period.

## Reference section


title: Transfer Act of 1905

abstract: The Transfer Act of 1905 transferred the forest reserves of the United States from the Department of the Interior, United States General Land Office to the Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry.

text:
# Transfer Act of 1905

The **Transfer Act of 1905** (33 Stat. 628) transferred the forest reserves of the United States from the Department of the Interior, United States General Land Office to the Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry.

## General information

On February 1, 1905, under the leadership of Gifford Pinchot, the National Forest Reserves were transferred from the Department of Interior to the Department of Agriculture. Gifford Pinchot was the head of the Division of Forestry which was part of the Department of Agriculture. This transfer included over 63 million acres (250,000 km2) of forest reserves and over 500 employees. This legislation was the first forestry law to be passed. This act was significant because it caused the National Forest Reserves to shift roles from a recreational role to a more economic role using science-based management. In March 1905, the Division of Forestry was renamed the United States Forest Service.

## InfoBox

Transfer Act of 1905
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | An Act providing for the transfer of forest reserves from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Agriculture. |
| Nicknames | Forest Transfer Act of 1905 |
| Enacted by | the 58th United States Congress |
| Effective | February 1, 1905 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 58–34 |
| Statutes at Large | 33 Stat. 628 |
| Codification | |
| Titles amended | 16 U.S.C.: Conservation |
| U.S.C. sections amended |  |
| Legislative history | |
| * **Introduced** in the House as H.R. 8460 * **Signed into law** by President Theodore Roosevelt on February 1, 1905 | |


abstract: Transformers: Car Robots Transformers: Robots in Disguise, originally known as Transformers: Car Robots, is a Japanese anime television series based on the Transformers franchise. The series was produced by Nihon Ad Systems and Studio Gallop, in cooperation with Korean company Dongwoo Animation, aired in Japan in 2000. Conceived as a reboot to the franchise, with a self-contained continuity separate from any previous incarnation, A localized English adaptation aired as part of the Fox Kids programming block in the United States from September 8, 2001 to March 30, 2002.

text:
# Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2000 TV series)

***Transformers: Robots in Disguise***, originally known as ***Transformers: Car Robots*** (トランスフォーマー カーロボット, *Toransufōmā Kā Robotto*), is a Japanese anime television series based on the *Transformers* franchise. The series was produced by Nihon Ad Systems and Studio Gallop, in cooperation with Korean company Dongwoo Animation, aired in Japan in 2000.

Conceived as a reboot to the franchise, with a self-contained continuity separate from any previous incarnation, A localized English adaptation aired as part of the Fox Kids programming block in the United States from September 8, 2001 to March 30, 2002.

## Plot

While attempting to stop the Predacons from stealing Earth's energy, the Autobots ally themselves with Koji Onishi after Predacon leader Megatron captures the boy's father, Dr. Kenneth Onishi. Amidst their battles, the Autobots and Predacons discover the location of a crashed spaceship from their home planet, Cybertron, containing six Autobot protoforms. Megatron reaches it first and reprograms the protoforms into the evil Decepticons. In light of this, Predacon sub-commander Sky-Byte attempts to prove his worth to Megatron by stealing the Autobots' O-Parts. Meanwhile, Ultra Magnus, the bitter brother of Autobot leader Optimus Prime, arrives on Earth to claim the latter's Matrix for his own, only for the brothers to gain the ability to merge into Omega Prime.

The Autobots and Predacons eventually discover Fortress Maximus, a giant Transformer hidden on Earth to protect it. While they race to claim its power, Sky-Byte accidentally frees Dr. Onishi, who joins the Autobots to help them locate all of the O-Parts necessary to find the Orb of Sigma. While Megatron finds it and uses its power to become Galvatron, the Orb leads the Autobots to Cerebros, Fortress Maximus' power key. A final battle soon ensues between Galvatron and Omega Prime, who eventually prevails and brings the Decepticons and most of the Predacons back to Cybertron to face justice while Sky-Byte stealthily escapes into Earth's oceans.

## Episodes

The three clip shows of *Robots in Disguise* differ between the English and Japanese versions. Both are listed at the appropriate numbers.

| # | Title | Japanese title | Writer | Director | US airdate | Japanese Airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ""Battle Protocol!"" | 初出動! ファイヤーコンボイ
First Deployment! Fire Convoy | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui,
Akira Katō | September 8, 2001 (2001-09-08) | April 5, 2000 |
| Predacons have come! The Autobots must defeat a gigantic hand! | | | | | | | |
| 2 | ""An Explosive Situation"" | 高速バトル! ゲルシャーク
High-Speed Battle! Gelshark | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui,
Akira Katō | September 10, 2001 (2001-09-10) | April 12, 2000 |
| 3 | ""Bullet Train to the Rescue"" | 合体せよ! 新幹線ロボ
Combine! Bullet Train Robo | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Steve Kramer (US) | Akira Katō | September 12, 2001 (2001-09-12) | April 19, 2000 |
| 4 | ""Spychangers to the Rescue"" | 忍者ロボ! スパイチェンジャー参上
Ninja Robo! The Spychangers Enter | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 13, 2001 (2001-09-13) | April 26, 2000 |
| 5 | ""The Hunt for Black Pyramid"" | 決死のジャンプ! マッハアラート
Resolute Jump! Mach Alert | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Marc Handler (US) | Akira Katō | September 14, 2001 (2001-09-14) | May 3, 2000 |
| 6 | ""The Secret of the Ruins"" | ギガトロンの襲撃!
Gigatron's Raid! | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | October 11, 2001 (2001-10-11) | May 10, 2000 |
| 7 | ""Sideburn's Obsession"" | スピードブレイカーの危機!
Speedbreaker's Crisis! | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Akira Katō | September 15, 2001 (2001-09-15) | May 17, 2000 |
| 8 | ""Secret Weapon: D-5"" | 謎の兵器! D5
Mysterious Weapon! D5 | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Marc Handler (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 17, 2001 (2001-09-17) | May 24, 2000 |
| 9 | ""Mirage's Betrayal"" | カウンターアローの裏切り!?
Counterarrow's Betrayal!? | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Akira Katō | September 18, 2001 (2001-09-18) | May 31, 2000 |
| 10 | ""Skid Z's Choice"" | 爆走! インディーヒート!!
Out of Control! Indy Heat!! | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 19, 2001 (2001-09-19) | June 7, 2000 |
| 11 | ""Tow-Line Goes Haywire"" | 駐車違反だ! レッカーフック
Parking Violation! Wrecker Hook | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Matthew V. Lewis (US) | Akira Katō | September 20, 2001 (2001-09-20) | June 14, 2000 |
| 12 | ""The Ultimate Robot Warrior"" | 究極! 大仏トランスフォーマー
The Ultimate Extreme! The Large Buddha Statue Transformer | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 21, 2001 (2001-09-21) | June 21, 2000 |
| 13 | ""Hope for the Future"" | ギガトロンの野望を暴け!
Gigatron's Ambitions Revealed! | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Osamu Sekita | October 26, 2001 (2001-10-26) | June 28, 2000 |
| 14 | ""The Decepticons"" | 敵? 味方!? ブラックコンボイ
Friend? Foe!? Black Convoy | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Akira Katō | September 22, 2001 (2001-09-22) | July 5, 2000 |
| 15 | ""Commandos"" | 5体合体! バルディガス
5-Body Combination! Baldigus | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Marc Handler (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 24, 2001 (2001-09-24) | July 12, 2000 |
| 16 | ""Volcano"" | 対決! ふたりのコンボイ!
En Garde! Two Convoys! | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Akira Katō | September 25, 2001 (2001-09-25) | July 19, 2000 |
| 17 | ""Attack from Outer Space"" | 宇宙から狙え! シャトラー!!
Aiming from Space! Shuttler!! | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Matthew V. Lewis (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | January 12, 2002 (2002-01-12) | July 26, 2000 |
| 18 | ""The Test"" | 正義に目覚めよ! ブラックコンボイ
Awaken to Righteousness! Black Convoy | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Akira Katō | September 26, 2001 (2001-09-26) | August 2, 2000 |
| 19 | ""The Fish Test"" | 秘密作戦! ゲルシャーク
Secret Strategy! Gelshark | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Marc Handler (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 27, 2001 (2001-09-27) | August 9, 2000 |
| 20 | ""Wedge's Short Fuse"" | 熱血戦士! ビルドマスター
Hot-Blooded Warriors! Buildmasters | Junki Takegami (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Akira Katō | September 28, 2001 (2001-09-28) | August 16, 2000 |
| 21 | ""Landfill"" | 四体合体! ビルドキング
Four-Body Combination! Build King | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | June 22, 2002 (2002-06-22) | August 23, 2000 |
| 22 | ""Sky-Byte Saves the Day"" | 正義の味方? ゲルシャーク
Friend of Righteousness? Gelshark | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Matthew V. Lewis (US) | Akira Katō | June 23, 2002 (2002-06-23) | August 30, 2000 |
| 23 | ""A Test of Metal"" | 狙われたビルドマスター
Targeted Buildmasters | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | September 29, 2001 (2001-09-29) | September 6, 2000 |
| 24 | ""Ultra Magnus"" | 登場! ゴッドマグナス
Enter! God Magnus | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Akira Katō | October 6, 2001 (2001-10-06) | September 13, 2000 |
| 25 | ""Ultra Magnus: Forced Fusion!"" | 強制合体! ゴッドファイヤーコンボイ
Forced Combination! God Fire Convoy | Junki Takegami (JP)
Matthew V. Lewis (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | October 13, 2001 (2001-10-13) | September 20, 2000 |
| 26 | ""Lessons of the Past"" | 集結せよ! 新戦士たち
Assemble! New Warriors | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Osamu Sekita | December 14, 2001 (2001-12-14) | September 27, 2000 |
| 27 | ""The Two Faces of Ultra Magnus"" | 絶体絶命! カーロボ3兄弟
Stalemate! 3 Car Robo Brothers | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Michael McConnohie (US) | Akira Katō | October 20, 2001 (2001-10-20) | October 4, 2000 |
| 28 | ""Power to Burn!"" | 発動! ダブルマトリクス
Invoke! Double Matrix | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | October 19, 2001 (2001-10-19) | October 11, 2000 |
| 29 | ""Fortress Maximus"" | 浮上! サイバトロンシティ
Arise! Cybertron City | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Akira Katō | October 27, 2001 (2001-10-27) | October 18, 2000 |
| 30 | ""Koji Gets His Wish"" | JRX 対 バルディガス
JRX versus Baldigus | Junki Takegami (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | November 3, 2001 (2001-11-03) | October 25, 2000 |
| With Fortress Maximus discovered, the Autobots move to ensure the Predacons and Decepticons don't acquire it before looking for Cerebros, the Headmaster of the huge Autobot. At the same time, Sky-Byte may just ensure that Koji gets a great gift for Dr. Onishi's birthday without even knowing it. | | | | | | | |
| 31 | ""A Friendly Contest"" | ゲルシャークの罠
Gelshark's Trap | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Matthew V. Lewis (US) | Akira Katō | November 10, 2001 (2001-11-10) | November 1, 2000 |
| 32 | ""Peril from the Past"" | 最後の鍵? さよならアイ
The Final Key? Farewell, Ai | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Michael McConnohie (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | November 17, 2001 (2001-11-17) | November 8, 2000 |
| With the O-Parts in their possession, the Autobots head to the Sahara Desert to locate the Orb of Sigma, but Megatron decides to personally get involved, and Koji may prove to be of vital aid to the Autobots to ensure they don't lose T-AI to the combined O-Parts/Orb of Sigma, while the Decepticons begin to show signs of treason against Megatron. | | | | | | | |
| 33 | ""Maximus Emerges"" | 奪われたプラズマ
Stolen Plasma | Kazuhiko Gōdo (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Akira Katō | February 16, 2002 (2002-02-16) | November 15, 2000 |
| Despite the Autobots having acquired the O-Parts and Orb of Sigma to lead them to Cerebros, Scourge and the Decepticons get to the Headmaster of Fortress Maximus first, but it is clear no one understands how Cerebros and Fortress Maximus work once combined and its power is unleashed. | | | | | | | |
| 34 | ""The Human Element"" | ブレイブマキシマスの謎
The Mystery of Brave Maximus | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | February 23, 2002 (2002-02-23) | November 22, 2000 |
| Realizing that when he was created, he inherited Kelly's human bio-signatures into his format, Scourge prepares to use Fortress Maximus himself now that he realized that Cerebros functions via human control. | | | | | | | |
| 35 | ""The Mystery of Ultra Magnus" (Note: This episode is English-titled in an unresolved error as "Mstery of the Ultra Magnus")" | ゲルシャークの憂鬱
Gelshark's Blues | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Osamu Sekita | March 30, 2002 (2002-03-30) | November 29, 2000 |
| 36 | ""Mistaken Identity"" | ブラックコンボイの野望
Black Convoy's Ambition | Yukiyoshi Ōhashi (JP)
Michael McConnohie (US) | Akira Katō | March 2, 2002 (2002-03-02) | December 6, 2000 |
| An attempt by Scourge to finally usurp Galvatron as leader results in Koji's friend Carl becoming the pilot to Fortress Maximus, but while things don't work out as Scourge hoped, it only gets worse when Cerebros finally lands safely in the hands of the Autobots. | | | | | | | |
| 37 | ""Surprise Attack!"" | ブレイブマキシマスの起動!
Brave Maximus's Rise! | Tadashi Hayakawa (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | March 9, 2002 (2002-03-09) | December 13, 2000 |
| With Cerebros now safely in the Autobots' possession, Galvatron puts the Decepticons firmly back under his control and places them under Sky-Byte's command to hunt down Koji, resulting in them finding and attacking the Autobot HQ, but Optimus is ready and lures the Predacons and Decepticons to where the final battle to determine Earth's fate begins as Galvatron calls in the *Megastar* to face off with Fortress Maximus when Wedge's courage enables Cerebros to bring the giant Transformer into the fight to protect the planet. | | | | | | | |
| 38 | ""Galvatron's Revenge"" | 逆襲! デビルギガトロン!
Counterattack! Devil Gigatron! | Junki Takegami (JP)
Richard Epcar (US) | Akira Katō | March 16, 2002 (2002-03-16) | December 20, 2000 |
| Despite losing his ship, Galvatron is far from finished as he prepares to use the planet's children as leverage to get the Autobots to back off, and possibly be destroyed, leaving Earth ripe for the picking. | | | | | | | |
| 39 | ""The Final Battle"" | 最後の戦い! ファイヤーコンボイ
Final Battle! Fire Convoy | Junki Takegami (JP)
Tom Wyner (US) | Yoshiaki Tsutsui | March 23, 2002 (2002-03-23) | December 27, 2000 |
| As Galvatron and Omega Prime have their final confrontation in the Earth's core, Koji works to get the children of Earth to provide Fortress Maximus the energy needed to aid Omega Prime in defeating the Predacon/Decepticon leader once and for all. | | | | | | | |

## Reception

## InfoBox

| Transformers: Car Robots
Transformers: Robots in Disguise | |
| --- | --- |
| United Kingdom ultimate collection DVD cover | |
| トランスフォーマー カーロボット
(*Toransufōmā: Kā Robotto*) | |
| Genre | Action, superhero |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Osamu Sekita |
| Produced by | Hisashi Katou
Juuroh Sugimura
Makiko Iwata
Shigero Sugimura |
| Written by | Junki Takegami |
| Studio | Studio Gallop
Nihon Ad Systems |
| Licensed by |  |
| Original network | TV Tokyo (2000) |
| English network |  |
| Original run | April 5, 2000  December 27, 2000 |
| Episodes | 39 |


title: Treen Cliff

abstract: Treen Cliff is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located on the Penwith Peninsula in Cornwall, England, UK, 6 miles (9.7 km) south-west of Penzance. First notified in 1951, with a revision in 1973, and a further notification on 1 July 1986, it is 49.3 hectares in area, stretching from grid reference SW387220 to SW402225. Designated for both for its biological and geological interest, part of the site, Treryn Dinas, is a Scheduled Ancient Monument consisting of a "cliff castle" with four ramparts and ditches and the Logan Rock. It is within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), the Penwith Heritage Coast and is part owned and managed by the National Trust.

text:
# Treen Cliff

**Treen Cliff** is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located on the Penwith Peninsula in Cornwall, England, UK, 6 miles (9.7 km) south-west of Penzance. First notified in 1951, with a revision in 1973, and a further notification on 1 July 1986, it is 49.3 hectares (122 acres) in area, stretching from grid reference SW387220 to SW402225. Designated for both for its biological and geological interest, part of the site, Treryn Dinas, is a Scheduled Ancient Monument consisting of a "cliff castle" with four ramparts and ditches and the Logan Rock. It is within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), the Penwith Heritage Coast and is part owned and managed by the National Trust.

## Description

The SSSI extends from Porthcurno beach in the west to Penberth Cove in the east. Several rare plant species occur and the site is of particular importance for its maritime heath. At the last site assessment on 12 August 2010, the SSSI was described as ″Unfavourable recovering″ because scrub and bracken (*Pteridium aquilinum*) encroachment are diminishing the interest, and the site needs to be grazed. Removal of sycamore (*Acer pseudoplatanus*) would enhance the site as well as the control of other invasive species. Maritime cliff habitat types, National Vegetation Classification, (NVC) MC1 and MC5 need to be added to the notifiable features.

## Biological interest

### Plant communities

The main habitats are maritime heath and maritime grassland, heath, scrub, flush and deciduous woodland. The maritime heath is dominated by heather (*Calluna vulgaris*), bell heather (*Erica cinerea*) and western gorse (*Ulex gallii*). Maritime grassland occurs on the steeper cliff slopes and is dominated by red fescue (*Festuca rubra*), with spring squill (*Scilla verna*), wild carrot (*Daucus carota*), kidney vetch (*Anthyllis vulneraria*) and sea plantain (*Plantago maritima*). The Red Data Book western clover (*Trifolium occidentale*) and the nationally rare hare's foot clover (*Trifolium arvense*) grow here as well as hairy bird's-foot trefoil (*Lotus subbiflorus*) and bird's-foot fenugreek (*Trifolium ornithopodioides*). Large areas are covered by scrub, dominated by gorse (*Ulex europaeus*) and blackthorn (*Prunus spinosa*) and provide habitat for invertebrates and birds. Common dodder (*Cuscuta epithymum*) parasitises the gorse. A number of wet flushes occur along the coast dominated by common reed (*Phragmites australis*). A small area of woodland dominated by elm (*Ulmus glabra*) and sycamore has developed on abandoned horticultural plots.

A description by Jean Lawman sums up the area eloquently:

> Also in June, many of the cliffs are bright with Oxeye Daisies *Leucanthemum vulgare* and they are particularly abundant around Logan Rock and Porth Curnow area where they mix with foxgloves and button like, mauve Sheepsbit *Jasione montana*. The spectacle of all these flowers strewn along the cliff edge, with the classically beautiful Pednevounder beach below and the rugged headland of Treryn Dinas in the distance, must be one of the loveliest in Cornwall.

**Rock sea lavender** (*Limonium loganicum*) is an endemic plant that is found only along this part of the coast from Carn Les Boel to the Logan Rock. all the colonies are within a SSSI but may be vulnerable from climbers or walkers on the lower slopes where it occurs.

### Invertebrates

A nationally rare invertebrate, the weevil *Anthonomus rufus*, occurs on the cliffs and is associated with blackthorn the larvae almost certainly in the flower buds. Formerly widespread in coastal Britain, now localised. There are butterfly colonies of the silver-studded blue (*Plebejus argus*), small pearl-bordered fritillary (*Boloria selene*) on Cribba Head in the eastern part of the site as well as the thrift clearwing (*Synansphecia muscaeformis*) a day–flying moth.

## InfoBox

Treen Cliff
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Southwest Cornwall | |
| Location | Cornwall |
| Grid reference | SW395224 |
| Coordinates | 50°02′42″N 5°38′21″W / 50.0451°N 5.6392°W / 50.0451; -5.6392 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 49.3 hectares (0.493 km2; 0.190 sq mi) |
| Notification | 1951 (1951) |
| Natural England website | |


title: Travis Cummings

abstract: W. Travis Cummings is a former Republican member of the Florida House of Representatives, who represented the 18th District, which includes most of northern Clay County, from 2012 to 2020.

text:
# Travis Cummings

**W. Travis Cummings** (born June 30, 1972) is a former Republican member of the Florida House of Representatives, who represented the 18th District, which includes most of northern Clay County, from 2012 to 2020.

## History

Cummings attended Valdosta State University, where he graduated with a degree in accounting in 1994. He later attended the University of North Florida, graduating with a Master of Business Administration in 2002. Cummings works as a businessman, specializing in employee benefits consulting. From 2002 to 2008, he served on the Orange Park City Council, and served as Mayor from 2004 to 2005. In 2008, Cummings was elected to the Clay County Commission from the 3rd District, receiving 72% of the vote against independent candidate Ron Raymond.

## Florida House of Representatives

In 2012, following the reconfiguration of Florida House districts, Cummings opted to run in the newly created 18th District. He did not face an opponent in the Republican primary or the general election, and was sworn in later that year. While in the Florida House of Representatives, Cummings sponsored legislation that would narrowly expand Medicare as provided for under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, providing "$2000 to low-income parents and those eligible for disability under Social Security."

In 2018, Travis Cummings ran unopposed in the General Election, retaining his District 18 seat.

In February 2020, Cummings received praise from other members of the Florida House of Representatives when he cut off a man from testifying after the man began associating LGBT people with pedophiles.

## InfoBox

| Travis Cummings | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Florida House of Representatives
from the 18th district | |
| **In office**
November 20, 2012  November 3, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | *Redistricted* |
| Succeeded by | Sam Garrison |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-06-30) June 30, 1972
Jacksonville, Florida |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Jessica Cummings |
| Children | Beckham, Fletcher, Hattie |
| Alma mater | Valdosta State University (B.A.)
University of North Florida (M.B.A.) |
| Profession | Businessman |
|  | |


title: Treasure Valley

abstract: The Treasure Valley is a valley in the western United States, primarily in southwestern Idaho, where the Payette, Boise, Weiser, Malheur, and Owyhee rivers drain into the Snake River. It includes all the lowland areas from Vale in rural eastern Oregon to Boise, and is the most populated area in Idaho. Historically, the valley had been known as the Lower Snake River Valley or the Boise River Valley. Pete Olesen, president of the valley's association of local Chambers of Commerce, coined the name "Treasure Valley" in 1959 to reflect the treasure chest of resources and opportunities that the region offered. The valley has a very diverse terrain, from sage flatlands, to mesas, agricultural areas, and urbanized areas. As the Boise Metropolitan Area grows, more and more undeveloped and agricultural land is being urbanized.

text:
# Treasure Valley

The **Treasure Valley** is a valley in the western United States, primarily in southwestern Idaho, where the Payette, Boise, Weiser, Malheur, and Owyhee rivers drain into the Snake River. It includes all the lowland areas from Vale in rural eastern Oregon to Boise, and is the most populated area in Idaho.

Historically, the valley had been known as the Lower Snake River Valley or the Boise River Valley. Pete Olesen, president of the valley's association of local Chambers of Commerce, coined the name "Treasure Valley" in 1959 to reflect the treasure chest of resources and opportunities that the region offered. The valley has a very diverse terrain, from sage flatlands, to mesas, agricultural areas, and urbanized areas. As the Boise Metropolitan Area grows, more and more undeveloped and agricultural land is being urbanized.

## History

### Settling the region

The tribes that roamed the area, specifically, were the Northern Paiute and Shoshone. In 1834, Thomas McKay built the original Fort Boise, in the area near present-day Parma, which was run for a time by Francois Payette. It later was moved because of flooding troubles and was abandoned in 1854. The Oregon Trail runs through the Treasure Valley.

The valley was settled for the most part by ranchers and farmers, initially to supply the gold and silver mining communities in the higher elevations nearby: Idaho City in the Boise Basin and Silver City in the Owyhees. A new Fort Boise was constructed by the U.S. Army in 1863 in present-day Boise, from which the city grew. In 1883, the Oregon Short Line Railroad reached the Treasure Valley, creating a thriving community, with Nampa as the center of the area's rail activity.

### Basque immigration

Many Basques, primarily from northern Spain, came to the area looking for gold but, meeting discrimination, it seemed to many that a better occupation was shepherding, familiar from their homeland. Over 15,000 Basques came to the Treasure Valley, making it the largest community of Basques outside of Europe.

### Farming

As Boise began to grow, so did the riches of large planters such as Thomas and Frank Davis. They moved to Idaho in 1862 for mining and homesteaded right below the Boise Bench on the Boise River. Tom Davis became very successful at growing fruit, as he made over $10,000 on one year's apple crop. He later purchased more land for orchards and horses. In 1907, he donated much of this land as Julia Davis Park in honor of his wife.

The Owyhee Project was one of the most influential developments of the area. It began 121 years ago in 1903, when surveyors began investigating a site on the Owyhee River for the construction of a dam, to impound water for irrigation. The Owyhee project received official Congressional sanction in 1924 on December 5 and the Owyhee Dam was completed on September 16, 1932. While the dam was under construction, over 98.5 miles (159 km) of irrigation canals were being dug to the north and south. The main purpose of the Owyhee Project was irrigation. By 1965, over 111,000 acres (450 km2) were being irrigated for a value of more than $23 million.

In 1941, J. R. Simplot built a dehydrator and began processing large quantities of dehydrated potatoes and onions at a plant near Caldwell. His business thrived, selling potatoes to the government and fertilizer to local farmers.

### Technology

In 1973, Hewlett-Packard purchased a 150-acre (60 ha) site for a future peripherals plant in northwest Boise. Micron Technology was founded in 1978, creating an additional, local industry aside from farming and potato packaging.

## Geographic features

44°02′25″N 116°56′00″W / 44.04028°N 116.93333°W / 44.04028; -116.93333


title: Treasure Valley Casino

abstract:
Treasure Valley is a Native American casino located in the Arbuckle Mountains of Davis, Oklahoma in the south-central part of the state. Owned and operated by the Chickasaw Nation, the gaming center was opened in July 2003. The Inn at Treasure Valley is a 59-room hotel has an indoor swimming pool and jacuzzi, continental breakfast, exercise room and dry sauna, as well as four conference rooms.
Overlooking the Washita River Valley and located along Interstate-35 and Highway 7 at Exit 55, the 19,666 sq ft (1,827.0 m⁲) Treasure Valley Casino is near several other key attractions in the area. It is 5.5 miles from Turner Falls and the Arbuckle Wilderness Exotic Animal Theme Park, and 13 miles from the Chickasaw Cultural Center. Treasure Valley is approximately 55 miles south of Norman, Oklahoma which is home to the Nation's sister gaming facility, Riverwind Casino, and 50 miles north of WinStar World Casino in Thackerville, Oklahoma.

text:
# Treasure Valley Casino

**Treasure Valley** is a Native American casino located in the Arbuckle Mountains of Davis, Oklahoma in the south-central part of the state. Owned and operated by the Chickasaw Nation, the gaming center was opened in July 2003. The Inn at Treasure Valley is a 59-room hotel has an indoor swimming pool and jacuzzi, continental breakfast, exercise room and dry sauna, as well as four conference rooms. Overlooking the Washita River Valley and located along Interstate-35 and Highway 7 at Exit 55, the 19,666 sq ft (1,827.0 m2) Treasure Valley Casino is near several other key attractions in the area. It is 5.5 miles from Turner Falls and the Arbuckle Wilderness Exotic Animal Theme Park, and 13 miles from the Chickasaw Cultural Center. Treasure Valley is approximately 55 miles south of Norman, Oklahoma which is home to the Nation's sister gaming facility, Riverwind Casino, and 50 miles north of WinStar World Casino in Thackerville, Oklahoma.

## Games

The gaming center draws more than 130,000 customers annually and has 400 gaming machines as well as tables for Blackjack, Ultimate Texas Hold ‘Em and 3-card Poker.

## InfoBox

| Treasure Valley Casino
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Davis, Oklahoma |
| Address | 12252 Ruppe Rd, Davis, OK 73030 |
| Opening date | July 2003 |
| No. of rooms | 59 |
| Total gaming space | 19,666 sq ft (1,827.0 m2) |
| Notable restaurants | Main Street Restaurant, The Cove |
| Casino type | Land-based |
| Owner | Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma |
| Coordinates | 34°30′32″N 97°10′19″W / 34.50889°N 97.17194°W / 34.50889; -97.17194 |
| Website | http://www.treasurevalleycasino.com/ |


title: Treasure Valley Christian School

abstract: Treasure Valley Christian School (TVCS) is a private pre-K-12 Christian school in Ontario, Oregon, United States. Although it is non-denominational, it is located on the campus of and sponsored by Treasure Valley Baptist Church. TVCS is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International and teaches using A Beka curriculum. On May 31, 2014, TVCS graduated its first graduating class of 2 seniors.

text:
# Treasure Valley Christian School

**Treasure Valley Christian School** (**TVCS**) is a private pre-K-12 Christian school in Ontario, Oregon, United States. Although it is non-denominational, it is located on the campus of and sponsored by Treasure Valley Baptist Church. TVCS is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International and teaches using A Beka curriculum. On May 31, 2014, TVCS graduated its first graduating class of 2 seniors.

## Demographics

The student population at TVCS as of 2009-2010 was approximately 90% white, 7% Hispanic and 2% Asian.

## InfoBox

| Treasure Valley Christian School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 386 North Verde Drive
Ontario, Oregon 97914
United States | |
| Coordinates | 44°1′53″N 116°59′4″W / 44.03139°N 116.98444°W / 44.03139; -116.98444 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private Christian |
| Motto | Knowledge is an eternal reward |
| Established | 1976 |
| Principal | Fran Renk |
| Grades | Pre-K thru 12 |
| Enrollment | 44 (2009-2010) |
| Nickname | Warriors |
| Website | TVCS Online |
|  | |


title: Translational Neurodegeneration

abstract: Translational Neurodegeneration is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the field of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. It was established in 2012 and is published by BioMed Central. The editor-in-chief is Shengdi Chen.

text:
# Translational Neurodegeneration

***Translational Neurodegeneration*** is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the field of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. It was established in 2012 and is published by BioMed Central. The editor-in-chief is Shengdi Chen (School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service and Scopus.

## InfoBox

*Translational Neurodegeneration*
| Discipline | Neurology |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Shengdi Chen |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2012-present |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Open access | Yes |
| License | CC BY |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Transl. Neurodegener.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 2047-9158
 |
| LCCN | TNREAP |
| OCLC no. | 779541310 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Travel London

abstract: Travel London was a bus company operating services in Greater London. It was a subsidiary of National Express before being sold in May 2009 to NedRailways. In October 2009, it was rebranded as Abellio London.

text:
# Travel London

**Travel London** was a bus company operating services in Greater London. It was a subsidiary of National Express before being sold in May 2009 to NedRailways. In October 2009, it was rebranded as Abellio London.

## History

In June 1998, National Express commenced operating routes C1 and 211 under the Travel London brand, using the same symbol and typeface as sister brand Travel West Midlands. In August 2000 National Express sold the business to Limebourne, who in July 2001 sold out to Connex. In February 2004, National Express repurchased the business. Further expansion in 2005 saw the purchases of the London bus operations of Tellings-Golden Miller with a depot in Byfleet and various Surrey County Council contracts.

Travel London operated contracts on behalf of Transport for London, Surrey County Council, and Kingston University. Operations were split between three registered companies; Travel London Limited, Travel London (West) Limited, and Travel London (Middlesex) Limited. The Surrey routes were rebranded as Travel Surrey in September 2007.

In November 2007, National Express announced plans to re-brand all of their operations under a new unified National Express identity. Travel London was to be rebranded as National Express London however this was shelved and all bus operations retained their existing identities.

In May 2009, National Express sold Travel London to NedRailways. The sale included 66 routes: 36 Transport for London tendered services and 30 Surrey County Council and Kingston University routes. All vehicles, depots and staff were included.

On 30 October 2009 the businesses were rebranded as Abellio London and Abellio Surrey.

## Travel London Limited

Travel London Limited operated garages at Beddington Cross, Queenstown (Battersea) and Walworth Road, operating 66, 82 and 98 buses respectively (246 in total) when the company was renamed.

Beddington Cross operated London Buses routes , 152, 157, 434, G1, P13, and night route N3, and was opened by Connex in 2000 to house their newly won route 3.

Queenstown operated routes 35, 156, 211, 452, C3, 24-hour route 344 and night route N35.

Walworth Road operated routes 40, 100, 129, 188, 343, 381, C1, night routes N343 and N381.

Originally a site acquired by the London County Council for its electric trams, it was known as Camberwell Tram depot until 1950 when its name was changed to Walworth with the arrival of buses. This was to avoid confusion with Camberwell Garage located opposite the Walworth garage. Major rebuilding took place during the 1950s to repair bomb damage from the World War II during which time some buses were worked out of Camberwell.

In the late 1960s the garage assumed operation of the Red Arrow routes with MBAs and later LSs until its closure in 1985. Following the closure of the Victoria and Ash Grove garages, from 1987 Walworth operated the Red Arrow routes for a short time until the Waterloo garage was ready.

During the early 1990s the garage once again re-opened, this time for the Londonlinks operation of routes 78 and 176. The Cowie Group undertook a major restructure a few years later which once again saw closure of Walworth garage in 1997. The garage was owned by the Go-Ahead Group and they leased it out.

The garage lay dormant for the next six years until late 2003 when work started on refurbishing the garage for Travel London, who needed more garage space after some contract wins including routes 381, 452 and N381.

Travel London won the contract for route 407, starting from 31 October 2009. This was used as the launch of the new Abellio name.

## Travel London (West) Limited

Travel London (West) Limited operated the garages at Fulwell and Byfleet, the Byfleet depot being rebranded Travel Surrey in September 2007. Respectively, the depots operated approximately 94 and 50 buses (146 in total). Fulwell operated London Buses routes 235, 481, 490, H20, H25, H26, R68 and R70. Byfleet operated Surrey County Council tendered routes 218, 400, 426, 438, 441, 446, 451, 461, 471, 472, 513, 514, 515, 515A, 555, 557, 564, 566, 567, 570, 571, 572, 574, 637, 662, 663 and 690. Fulwell garage also operated Kingston University routes KU1, KU2, and KU3, until the contract was lost to Tellings-Golden Miller in 2009.

## Travel London (Middlesex) Limited

Travel London (Middlesex) Limited operated one garage in Hayes. It operated 19 buses on London Buses routes 112, 350, H28 and U7.

Media related to Travel London at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wright Eclipse Gemini bodied Volvo B7TL in February 2006 | |
| Parent | National Express |
| Founded | February 2004 |
| Defunct | May 2009 (2009-05) |
| Headquarters | Battersea |
| Service area | Greater London |
| Service type | Bus services |
| Routes | 36 |
| Fleet | 411 |
| Website | www.travellondonbus.co.uk |


title: Travel On, Rider

abstract: Travel On, Rider is the fifth studio album by American rock band Scrawl, released on August 20, 1996. It was the band's major-label debut, on Elektra Records. It was produced by Steve Albini and Jeff Powell. As of August 1998, the album has sold 2,115 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.

text:
# Travel On, Rider

***Travel On, Rider*** is the fifth studio album by American rock band Scrawl, released on August 20, 1996. It was the band's major-label debut, on Elektra Records. It was produced by Steve Albini and Jeff Powell. As of August 1998, the album has sold 2,115 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Boston Phoenix* |  |
| *Christgau's Consumer Guide* |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |

In a favorable review, Gina Arnold wrote that "although *Travel On, Rider*...is by far the best album of \[Scrawl's\] career, it is also the band's most difficult." She also described the album as "the Ladies to the \[Afghan\] Whigs' 1993 tour de force *Gentlemen*. Andy Kellman of AllMusic gave *Travel On, Rider* 3 and a half stars out of 5, writing, "Without sacrificing the band's rough edges, Steve Albini's and Jeff Powell's recording and engineering give the band it's \[sic\] most polished sound yet, but it doesn't make their songs -- still bitter, still pessimistic, still sad -- suffer for it."

## Track listing

1. "Good Under Pressure" – 3:39
2. "The Garden Path" – 3:11
3. "I'm Not Stuck" – 4:23
4. "From Deep Inside Her" – 2:49
5. "Story Musgrave" – 4:46
6. "Easy On Her Mind" – 2:46
7. "Hunting Me Down" – 2:27
8. "Louis L'Amour" – 3:12
9. "Come Back Then" – 2:49
10. "He Cleaned Up" – 3:09
11. "Story Musgrave (At The Piano)" – 3:39
12. "What Did We Give Away?" – 3:46

## InfoBox

| Travel On, Rider | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Scrawl | |
| Released | August 20, 1996 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 40:32 |
| Label | Elektra |
| Producer |  |
| Scrawl chronology | |
| *Velvet Hammer*
(1993) ***Travel On, Rider***
(1996) *Nature Film*
(1998) | |


title: Meadow River Lumber Company 1

abstract: Meadow River Lumber Company No. 1 is a Shay locomotive at Steamtown National Historic Site, in Scranton, Pennsylvania. This 2-truck Shay was built by Lima Locomotive Works in May 1910. This type of locomotive was used primarily by lumber and mining companies. Some were used by other industries and on short lines. This is one of 77 Shay locomotives preserved in the United States. In 1907, John and T.W. Raines began construction on a lumber mill in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, under the name of the Meadow River Lumber Company. The location had no access to a railway so the Sewell Valley Railroad was incorporated. Twenty miles of track was laid between the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway at Meadow Creek to the site of the mill. The mill opened in September 1910 and this locomotive was purchased by the new railroad. It was called Sewell Valley Railroad No. 1. With a capacity of cutting 110,000 board feet (300 m⁳) of lumber per day, the Meadow River Lumber Company became the world's largest hardwood manufacturer. At first the railroad was operated separately from its parent company. However, changes in the tax code lead the two to merge therefore, "Meadow River Lumber Company No. 1, spent her entire career as the property of this single lumber enterprise [sic] even though she operated there under two different names." While at Steamtown, U.S.A. in Bellows Falls, Vermont, the locomotive endured extensive damage when the building it was stored in collapsed under heavy snow in February 1982. The Shay's wooden cab was destroyed. By then it was already missing "its sand dome, its headlight, its front number plate, its bell and bell hanger, whistle, and other components". Canadian Pacific Railway No. 1293 was also damaged in the roof collapse. It was determined that it would remain at the National Historic Site as it was the only Shay and the only geared locomotive in the collection.

text:
# Meadow River Lumber Company 1

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| nps.gov | |

**Meadow River Lumber Company No. 1** is a Shay locomotive at Steamtown National Historic Site, in Scranton, Pennsylvania. This 2-truck Shay was built by Lima Locomotive Works in May 1910. This type of locomotive was used primarily by lumber and mining companies. Some were used by other industries and on short lines. This is one of 77 Shay locomotives preserved in the United States.

In 1907, John and T.W. Raines began construction on a lumber mill in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, under the name of the Meadow River Lumber Company. The location had no access to a railway so the Sewell Valley Railroad was incorporated. Twenty miles of track was laid between the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway at Meadow Creek to the site of the mill. The mill opened in September 1910 and this locomotive was purchased by the new railroad. It was called Sewell Valley Railroad No. 1.

With a capacity of cutting 110,000 board feet (300 m3) of lumber per day, the Meadow River Lumber Company became the world's largest hardwood manufacturer. At first the railroad was operated separately from its parent company. However, changes in the tax code lead the two to merge therefore, "Meadow River Lumber Company No. 1, spent her entire career as the property of this single lumber enterprise \[sic\] even though she operated there under two different names."

While at Steamtown, U.S.A. in Bellows Falls, Vermont, the locomotive endured extensive damage when the building it was stored in collapsed under heavy snow in February 1982. The Shay's wooden cab was destroyed. By then it was already missing "its sand dome, its headlight, its front number plate, its bell and bell hanger, whistle, and other components". Canadian Pacific Railway No. 1293 was also damaged in the roof collapse.

It was determined that it would remain at the National Historic Site as it was the only Shay and the only geared locomotive in the collection.

## InfoBox

| Meadow River Lumber Company 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Meadow River Lumber Company #1 on display at Steamtown USA, Bellows Falls, VT, C. 1974 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder Lima Locomotive Works  Serial number 2317  Model Class B 42-2 Shay locomotive  Build date May 1910 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 0-4-4-0  AAR B-B  UIC B′B′ n3t  Gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)  Driver dia. 29.5 in (749 mm)  Loco weight 86,000 lb (39.0 tonnes)  Fuel type Wood or Coal  Boiler pressure 180 lbf/in2 (1.24 MPa)  Cylinders Three, outside, vertical  Cylinder size 10 in × 12 in (254 mm × 305 mm) | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort 16,900 lbf (75.2 kN) | |
| Career  Operators Sewell Valley Railroad,
Meadow River Lumber Company  Numbers 1  Locale West Virginia  Retired 1960s  Current owner Steamtown National Historic Site  Disposition Displayed in poor condition at the Steamtown Nation Historical site. | |


title: Indian Beauty

abstract: Indian Beauty is a 2006 Indian romance film directed by Shanti Kumar. Shot in Telugu and English, the film features Collin Mcgee, Shaila Rao, and Manish Dayal.

text:
# Indian Beauty

***Indian Beauty*** (released in the United States as ***On the Other Side***) is a 2006 Indian romance film directed by Shanti Kumar. Shot in Telugu and English, the film features Collin Mcgee, Shaila Rao, and Manish Dayal.

## Plot

Indian culture interests Dave (Colin McGee). So he decides to work on its culture. Dave has a friend, Jack (Manish Dayal), who was born in America but has roots in India. Jack joins Dave on his project on Indian culture. Mr. Murthy, a friend of Jack's father, offers them a place to stay. Initially, Mr. and Mrs. Murthy are keen on taking Jack as their son-in-law, but noticing his American ways, they prefer a local boy, Vishal (Gopichand Lagadapati).

Mr. Murthy's daughter, Swapna, is also interested in Indian culture and hence decides to help Dave with his project. In the process of working, both Swapna & Dave are attracted to each other before they finally fall in love. Whether Swapna & Dave are finally successful in convincing the parents forms the rest of the story.

## Cast

## Production

The producer and director of the film, Shanti Kumar, selected Collin and Sai Rao (the granddaughter of Anjali) for the lead roles, along with Manish Dayal. The film was released in the United States under the title *On the Other Side*. The film was selected as the best movie of the year 2007 at the Harlem International Film Festival in New York.

## Soundtrack

The songs are composed by Joy Kelvin.

| Indian Beauty | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Joy Kelvin | |
| Released | 2006 (2006) |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack |
| Length | 28:34 |
| Language | Telugu |
| Label | Madhura |

| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Priyathama" | Chitra, Priyasri | 5:08 |
| 2. | "Summer" | Tippu, Priyasri, Prajesh | 5:06 |
| 3. | "Holi" | Karthik, Anuradha Sriram | 4:37 |
| 4. | "Sankranthi" | Anitha Krishna, Balaji | 5:08 |
| 5. | "Dream Girl" | Unknown | 3:23 |
| 6. | "Re-mix" | Tippu, Priyasri, Madhulika | 5:12 |
| Total length: | | | 28:34 |

## InfoBox

| Indian Beauty | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Shanti Kumar |
| Screenplay by | Shanti Kumar, Kishore Dhara, Katherine Torpey |
| Story by | Shanti Kumar |
| Produced by | Shanti Kumar, Sanyasi Raju |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Suresh Rohin |
| Edited by | Nagi Reddy |
| Music by | Joy Kelvin |
| Production
company | Trinity International |
| Release dates | * 26 August 2006 (2006-08-26) (India)  * 27 June 2008 (2008-06-27) (United States) |
| Running time | 125 minutes |
| Country | India
United States |
| Languages | Telugu
English |


title: Maria Fatima (given name)

abstract:
Maria Fatima or María Fátima or Maria de Fatima is a feminine given name, a combination of the names Maria and Fatima. The combination name is sometimes given in reference to Our Lady of Fátima, a Roman Catholic title of Mary based on the 1917 Marian apparitions reported by three shepherd children in Fátima, Portugal. The name is most predominant among Portuguese and Spanish speakers. The name might refer to:
  - Maria Fatima, Pakistani politician
  - María de Fátima Acosta, Peruvian volleyball player
  - María Fátima Báñez García, Spanish politician
  - María Fátima Blázquez Lozano, Spanish road cyclist and 1996 Summer Olympian
  - Maria Fatima Deguara, Maltese politician

text:
# Maria Fatima (given name)

**Maria Fatima** or **María Fátima** or **Maria de Fatima** is a feminine given name, a combination of the names Maria and Fatima. The combination name is sometimes given in reference to Our Lady of Fátima, a Roman Catholic title of Mary based on the 1917 Marian apparitions reported by three shepherd children in Fátima, Portugal. The name is most predominant among Portuguese and Spanish speakers.

The name might refer to:

## InfoBox

Maria Fatima
| Coronation of the Statue of Our Lady of Fatima on May 13, 1946 by Cardinal Benedetto Aloisi Masella. | |
| --- | --- |
| Gender | Female |
| Language(s) | English |
| Origin | |
| Meaning | Combination of Maria and Fatima, given in reference to Our Lady of Fatima. |


abstract: The Old Town Historic District in Hartford, Kentucky is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The 6 acres (2.4 ha) listed area included 17 contributing buildings and a contributing structure. The district is roughly bounded by E. Union, Clay, E. Washington and Liberty Streets. It includes the Hartford Seminary, which is separately listed on the National Register.

text:
# Old Town Historic District (Hartford, Kentucky)

The **Old Town Historic District** in Hartford, Kentucky is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

The 6 acres (2.4 ha) listed area included 17 contributing buildings and a contributing structure.

The district is roughly bounded by E. Union, Clay, E. Washington and Liberty Streets. It includes the Hartford Seminary, which is separately listed on the National Register.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Town Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by E. Union, Clay, E. Washington and Liberty Sts., Hartford, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 37°27′08″N 86°54′24″W / 37.45222°N 86.90667°W / 37.45222; -86.90667 |
| Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, Late Victorian, Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 88002535 |
| Added to NRHP | November 15, 1988 |


title: George Patterson (football manager)

abstract: George Stanley Patterson was an English football manager and secretary who was involved with Liverpool for much of the first half of the 20th century. After a playing career spent mostly with Marine F.C., Patterson joined Liverpool in 1908 as assistant to Tom Watson. After a spell as club secretary, he replaced Matt McQueen as manager in 1928. However, he was not successful and resigned in 1936 citing ill health. He continued on as club secretary. Patterson was born in Liverpool, Lancashire in England in 1887. He died on May 8, 1955, in Skerries Road, Liverpool.

text:
# George Patterson (football manager)

**George Stanley Patterson** (1887 – 1955) was an English football manager and secretary who was involved with Liverpool for much of the first half of the 20th century. After a playing career spent mostly with Marine F.C., Patterson joined Liverpool in 1908 as assistant to Tom Watson. After a spell as club secretary, he replaced Matt McQueen as manager in 1928. However, he was not successful and resigned in 1936 citing ill health. He continued on as club secretary.

Patterson was born in Liverpool, Lancashire in England in 1887. He died on May 8, 1955, in Skerries Road, Liverpool.


title: Vishnu Vishal

abstract: Vishal Kudawla, known professionally as Vishnu Vishal, is an Indian actor and film producer who appears in Tamil film industry. After a brief career in cricket, he started his acting career in the year 2009 playing the lead role in the sports film Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu, winning acclaim for his portrayal. Vishnu won further acclaim for his role in Neerparavai (2012), portraying a fisherman. He rose to fame with the psychological thriller film, Ratsasan (2018).

text:
# Vishnu Vishal

**Vishal Kudawla** (born 17 July 1984), known professionally as **Vishnu Vishal,** is an Indian actor and film producer who appears in Tamil film industry. After a brief career in cricket, he started his acting career in the year 2009 playing the lead role in the sports film *Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu*, winning acclaim for his portrayal. Vishnu won further acclaim for his role in *Neerparavai* (2012), portraying a fisherman. He rose to fame with the psychological thriller film, *Ratsasan* (2018).

## Early life and family

Vishal Kudawla was born on 17 July 1984 to Ramesh Kudawla, a high-ranking Tamil Nadu police officer. He finished his schooling in Holy Cross Matriculation Higher Secondary School in Vellore. After completing his MBA in marketing from SRM Institute of Science and Technology, he went on to become a cricketer, playing in TNCA league games. However, a leg injury ended his cricket career and the actor noted that during the time he was bedridden, he started watching films and began an interest in an acting career. His father's uncle had been an actor in several small films and he shaped Vishnu's interest in the industry. He entered the film industry changing his name to Vishnu to which he later added his birth name.

## Career

### 2009–2014

After being offered a role by Anand Chakravarthy in Suseenthiran's directorial debut *Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu*, Vishnu spent months preparing for the role. He had to tan his body sitting for hours in the sun to get dark and look like a player and then for 3 months he trained for kabbadi matches under a coach, for five hours a day. The film opened to very positive reviews, with Vishnu earning a nomination from the Vijay Awards for Best Debut Actor. He had two releases in 2010, portraying an action role in the comedy *Bale Pandiya* and then played a rowdy from Royapuram in *Drohi*. Featuring alongside Srikanth in the latter, Vishnu had to put on 15 kg (33 lb) to look mature for the role. He subsequently worked on the comedy, *Kullanari Koottam*, After a year without any releases, he had two releases in 2014: the romantic comedy *Mundasupatti* under Thirukumaran Entertainment and the sports drama *Jeeva* for which he collaborated with Suseenthiran again. Both films won positive reviews and performed well at the box office.

### 2015–2018

In 2015, he appeared in the science and fiction comedy *Indru Netru Naalai* directed by R.Ravikumar. The movie was a super hit at the box office. Vishnu had two releases in 2016. His first release of the year was also his first production venture, the comedy film *Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran* directed by Ezhil, with Nikki Galrani in the female lead. The movie was one of the most profitable ventures at the box office. His final release of the year was *Maveeran Kittu*, a period drama set in the 1980s. Despite receiving positive reviews, the movie did well at the box office. He finished shooting for Seenu Ramasamy's *Idam Porul Yaeval*. His next films are *Kathanayagan* (2017), *Raatchasan* (2018) and *Silukkuvarupatti Singam* (2018) directed by a first time film maker, Chella.

### 2021–present

In 2021, the Prabhu Solomon's *Kaadan* has received mixed reviews from the audience and critics alike. He played a Muslim in the film *FIR* (2022), which touched upon the sensitive issue of branding Muslims as terrorists. The film was banned in Malaysia, Kuwait and Qatar. In the same year, the actor played a wrestler in the family entertainer *Gatta Kusthi* co-starring Aishwarya Lekshmi and co-produced by Ravi Teja.

## Personal life

Vishnu Vishal was married to Rajini Natraj, daughter of the actor K. Natraj. The two were college-mates and were in a relationship for four years before getting married. Their wedding took place on 2 December 2010 at Hotel Asiana in Chennai, and their son was born in 2017. In November 2018, the couple divorced due to undisclosed reasons.

Vishnu got engaged to badminton player Jwala Gutta in September 2020. Their wedding took place on April 22, 2021 in Hyderabad.

## Filmography

Key
|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

| Year | Film | Role | Notes | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu* | Marimuthu | credited as Vishnu
WonEdison Award for Best Debut Actor
Nominated, Vijay Award for Best Debut Actor |  |
| 2010 | *Bale Pandiya* | Pandiyan | credited as Vishnu |  |
| | *Drohi* | Karunakaran | credited as Vishnu |  |
| 2011 | *Kullanari Koottam* | Vetri | credited as Vishnu |  |
| 2012 | *Neerparavai* | Arulappasamy | credited as Vishnu
Nominated, SIIMA Award for Best Actor |  |
| 2014 | *Mundasupatti* | Gopi |  |  |
| | *Jeeva* | Jeeva |  |  |
| 2015 | *Indru Netru Naalai* | Elango |  |  |
| 2016 | *Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran* | Murugan | Also producer |  |
| | *Maaveeran Kittu* | Krishnakumar (Kittu) |  |  |
| 2017 | *Kathanayagan* | Thambidurai | Also producer |  |
| 2018 | *Ratsasan* | Arun Kumar | Nominated - Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards |  |
| | *Silukkuvarupatti Singam* | Sathyamoorthy (Sakthi) | Also producer |  |
| 2021 | *Kaadan* | Maaran | Bilingual film (Tamil, Telugu) |  |
| | *Aranya* | Singa | |  |
| 2022 | *FIR* | Irfan Ahmed / FIR | Also producer |  |
| | *Gatta Kusthi* | Veera | Also producer |  |
| 2024 | *Lal Salaam* | Thirunavukarasu (Thiru) |  |  |
| | *Mohandas* | TBA | Delayed |  |
| | *Aaryan* | TBA | Filming |  |

## InfoBox

| Vishnu Vishal | |
| --- | --- |
| Vishal at Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran Press Meet | |
| Born | Vishal Kudawla
(1984-07-17) 17 July 1984
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Occupations | * Actor * Film producer |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Spouses | * Rajini Natraj  (m. 2010; div. 2018) * Jwala Gutta (m. 2021) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Wiktor Komorowski

abstract: Wiktor Komorowski was a Polish ace pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force during World War I with six confirmed kills.

text:
# Wiktor Komorowski

**Wiktor Komorowski** (8 June 1887 - 23 August 1952) was a Polish ace pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force during World War I with six confirmed kills.

## Biography

Wiktor Komorowski was born in 1887. In the years 1914 to 1916, he shot down six enemy planes.

In 1917, he joined the Polish I Corps in Russia, was arrested by Bolsheviks, and then became a Soviet aviator. From 1 August 1919, Komorowski served in the Polish Air Force. He took part in the Kiev offensive (1920) with the 4th Escadrille and became commander of his unit. In 1920, he was given command of the 36th Escadrille and received command of the Officer Flying School in Grudziądz. In 1928, he went to the reserves. During World War II, he was interned in Romania and returned to Poland in 1946.

On 16 April 1951, Komorowski was arrested and accused of illegal possession of firearms and of failure to inform the authorities about an illegal border crossing by his son Bogdan and by Włodzimierz Turski. On 19 November 1951, Komorowski was sentenced by the military court to 18 months imprisonment and jailed in the Wrocław prison.

Komorowski died in unexplained circumstances on 23 August 1952.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Wiktor Komorowski | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 8 June 1887 |
| Died | 23 August 1952(1952-08-23) (aged 65)
Wrocław, Poland |
| Allegiance | Russian Empire (1914-1917)
Soviet Union (1917-1919)
Poland (1919-1928) |
| Service/branch | Imperial Russian Air Force
Soviet Air Forces
Polish Air Force |
| Years of service | 1914 - 1928 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Commands | 4th Escadrille, 36th Escadrille, 5th Escadrille |
| Battles/wars | World War I
Polish–Soviet War |


title: Matters of Life and Dating

abstract: Matters of Life and Dating is a 2007 American romantic comedy television film directed by Peter Wellington and written by Nina Colman, based on the 1990 memoir Up Front: Sex and the Post-Mastectomy Woman by Linda Dackman. The film stars Ricki Lake as Dackman, who struggles to re-enter the dating world after being diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing a mastectomy and breast reconstruction. Holly Robinson Peete and Rachael Harris also star. The film aired on Lifetime on October 22, 2007.

text:
# Matters of Life and Dating

***Matters of Life and Dating*** is a 2007 American romantic comedy television film directed by Peter Wellington and written by Nina Colman, based on the 1990 memoir *Up Front: Sex and the Post-Mastectomy Woman* by Linda Dackman. The film stars Ricki Lake as Dackman, who struggles to re-enter the dating world after being diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing a mastectomy and breast reconstruction. Holly Robinson Peete and Rachael Harris also star.

The film aired on Lifetime on October 22, 2007.

## Plot

Linda is a single woman who must re-enter the dating world after undergoing a mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery due to cancer.

## Cast

## Production

The film is based on the memoirs of Linda Dackman. Lifetime approached songwriters Kara DioGuardi and James Poyser to write a song, "My Bra" performed by Mýa, for the film.

## Release

*Matters of Life and Dating* premiered on Lifetime Television on October 22, 2007, as part of the channel's "Stop Breast Cancer for Life" campaign.

## Reception

Kevin McDonough of the *Intelligencer Journal* criticized the film, writing that "It's hard to find fault with a movie trying to help women cope with a life-threatening illness, but Linda's plight might be more accessible if she weren't so darned successful and living such a fabulous two-double-latte-a-day existence and having to fend off so many handsome suitors." A reviewer for the *Akron Beacon Journal* was also critical, as they felt that Lake's performance was one of the film's major flaws.

## InfoBox

| *Matters of Life and Dating* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Romantic comedy |
| Based on | *Up Front*<br>by Linda Dackman |
| Teleplay by | Nina Colman |
| Directed by | Peter Wellington |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | Anton Sanko |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Ricki Lake * Salli Newman * Barbara Lieberman |
| Producer | Michael Mahoney |
| Cinematography | Joel Ransom |
| Editor | Susan Shipton |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Production companies | * Robert Greenwald Productions * Barbara Lieberman Films * Firebrand Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | Lifetime |
| Release | October 22, 2007 (2007-10-22) |