title: National Airspace System

abstract: The National Airspace System (NAS) is the airspace, navigation facilities and airports of the United States along with their associated information, services, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, personnel and equipment. It includes components shared jointly with the military. It is one of the most complex aviation systems in the world, and services air travel in the United States and over large portions of the world's oceans.

text:
# National Airspace System

The **National Airspace System** (**NAS**) is the airspace, navigation facilities and airports of the United States along with their associated information, services, rules, regulations, policies, procedures, personnel and equipment. It includes components shared jointly with the military. It is one of the most complex aviation systems in the world, and services air travel in the United States and over large portions of the world's oceans.

## Organization

A flight through the NAS typically begins and ends at an airport which may be controlled (by a tower) or uncontrolled. On departure, the aircraft is in one of five of the six classes of airspace administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and different flight rules apply to each class. Depending on the class of airspace and flight conditions, communication with air traffic controllers may or may not be required. Operation of each flight is always the responsibility of the pilot in command, but air traffic controllers give instructions for sequencing and safety as needed. When a controlled flight is airborne, control passes from the tower controller who authorized the takeoff, if the airport is controlled. The next step is typically Terminal Radar Approach Control or TRACON which may be identified as "approach" or "departure".

Between the sectors administered by TRACONs are 20 contiguous areas of US airspace above 18,000 feet, each managed by an Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) typically referred to on the radio as "Center". A flight is handed off from one Center to another until it descends near its destination, when control is transferred to the TRACON serving the destination, and ultimately to the tower controller serving the airport. Some airports have no TRACON around them, so control goes directly to or from a Center, and some flights are low enough and short enough that control is kept within one or more TRACONs without ever being passed to Center.

Approximately 14,500 air traffic controllers, 4,500 aviation safety inspectors, and 5,800 technicians operate and maintain services for the NAS. It has more than 19,000 airports and 600 air traffic control facilities. In all, there are 41,000 NAS operational facilities. In addition, there are over 71,000 pieces of equipment, ranging from radar systems to communication relay stations. On average, about 45,000 flights use NAS services each day.

## Developments

As of February 2015 the NAS is transitioning to a new system known as NextGen, which applies non-radar surveillance of aircraft equipped with GPS satellite-based navigation systems continuously reporting their location. Aircraft also receive the broadcast location of others nearby, which improves safety. The system also allows pilots to use more precise and efficient landing paths, saving time and fuel. NextGen is being phased in piece by piece.

In June 2018, NASA flew a 36 feet long by 66-foot (11 by 20-meter) demilitarised MQ-9 Predator for the first time through the NAS with no chase aircraft and controlled from Armstrong Flight Research Center, towards unmanned aircraft operations in civil airspace.

## Airspace classification

In the U.S., airspace consists of classes A, B, C, D, E, and G. The NAS includes both controlled and uncontrolled airspace.

Class A begins and includes 18,000 ft. MSL and continues up to 60,000 ft. MSL. It is the most controlled airspace and requires a pilot to carry an Instrument Flight Rating and proper clearance no matter what type of aircraft is being flown. Pilots are also required to change their altimeter settings to 29.92 inHg to ensure all pilots within the airspace have the same readings in order to ensure proper altitude separation.

Class B airspace extends from the surface up to 10,000 ft. AGL and is the area above and around the busiest airports (e.g., LAX, MIA, CVG) and is also heavily controlled. A side view of Class B airspace resembles an upside-down wedding cake with three layers becoming bigger toward the top. Class B's layers are designed individually to meet the needs of the airport they overlay. Pilots must also receive clearance to enter the Class B airspace but Visual Flight Rules may be used, unlike in Class A airspace. Class B airspace corresponds to the area formerly known as a Terminal Control Area or TCA.

Class C airspace reaches from the surface to 4,000 ft. AGL above the airport which it surrounds. Class C airspace only exists over airports which have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of instrument flight operations. Class C is also individually designed for airports but usually covers a surface area of about 5 nautical miles around the airport up to 1,200 ft AGL. At 1,200 ft. the airspace extends to 10 nautical miles in diameter which continues to 4,000 ft. Pilots are required to establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic control service to the area before entering the airspace. Within Class C, Visual and Instrument pilots are separated.

Class D airspace exists from the surface to 2,500 ft. AGL above an airport. Class D airspace only surrounds airports with an operational control tower. Class D airspace is also tailored to meet the needs of the airport. Pilots are required to establish and maintain two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic control services prior to entering the airspace. Pilots using Visual Flight Reference must be vigilant for traffic as there is no positive separation service in the airspace. This airspace roughly corresponds to the former Airport Traffic Area.

Class E airspace is the airspace that lies between Classes A, B, C, and D. Class E extends from either the surface or the roof of the underlying airspace and ends at the floor of the controlled airspace above. Class E exists for those planes transitioning from the terminal to en route state. It also exists as an area for instrument pilots to remain under ATC control without flying in a controlled airspace. Under visual flight conditions, Class E can be considered uncontrolled airspace.

Airports without operational control towers are uncontrolled airfields. Pilots in these areas are responsible for position and separation and may use a specified Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) or UNICOM for that airport, although no-radio flight is also permitted.

Class G airspace is uncontrolled airspace which extends from the surface to either 700 or 1,200 ft. AGL depending on the floor of the overlying Class E, or to the floor of Class A where there is no overlying Class E. In the vicinity of an uncontrolled airport, the CTAF for that airport is used for radio communication among pilots. In remote areas other frequencies such as MULTICOM are used. No towers or in-flight control services are provided although communications may be established with flight service stations which are not part of the NAS and advisory service may be available from ARTCC.


title: Henry Langley (Master of Pembroke)

abstract: Henry Langley (1611–1679) was an English clergyman and academic, intruded Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, and later an ejected minister and nonconformist tutor.

text:
# Henry Langley (Master of Pembroke)

**Henry Langley** (1611–1679) was an English clergyman and academic, intruded Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, and later an ejected minister and nonconformist tutor.

## Education and early life

He was son of Thomas Langley, a shoemaker, of Abingdon, Berkshire. He attended John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon (now Abingdon School) from 1622-1627. He was elected a chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1627, and on 6 November 1629 matriculated from Pembroke College, of which he subsequently became Fellow, graduating B.A. in 1632, and proceeding M.A. in 1635, B.D. in 1648, and D.D. in 1649.

## Career

He was appointed rector of St. Mary, Newington, Surrey, by a parliamentary order of 20 June 1643. By a parliamentary order of 10 September 1646 he was named one of the seven presbyterian ministers chosen to prepare the way for the reformation of the University of Oxford by the parliamentary visitors, and was authorised to preach in any church in Oxford he might choose for the purpose of winning the loyal scholars' submission to the parliamentary innovations. On the death, on 10 July 1647, of Thomas Clayton, Master of Pembroke, the fellows elected Henry Wightwick to the vacant post, but their choice was overruled by the parliament. Langley was nominated on 26 August 1647, and his appointment was confirmed by the parliamentary visitors on 8 October following. He became a delegate to the visitors on 30 September in the same year, served as one of the twenty delegates appointed by the proctors (19 May 1648) to answer and act in all things pertaining to the public good of the university, and on 5 July following was constituted member of the committee appointed for the examination of candidates for fellowships and scholarships.

Langley was nominated a canon of Christ Church by a parliamentary order of 2 March 1648, and held this post with the mastership of Pembroke till his ejection at the Restoration, when he retired to Tubney, near Abingdon. According to Anthony Wood, Langley took boarders into his house, and taught them logic and philosophy. On the appearance in March 1671–2 of the Declaration of Indulgence to dissenters, he was chosen with three others to continue a course of preaching within the city of Oxford, in direct opposition to the will of the university authorities. Wood says that he was a constant preacher at Tom Pun's house in Broken Hayes. He died on or about 10 September 1679, and was buried in St. Helen's Church, Abingdon.

## References

## InfoBox

| Henry Langley | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of stained glass in the Grundy Library (by Charles Eamer Kempe). The name of Henry Langley appears as an Old Abingdonian who became a master of an Oxford college | |
| Born | 1611
Abingdon-on-Thames |
| Died | 1679
Abingdon-on-Thames |


title: Heliophisma catocalina

abstract: Heliophisma catocalina is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by William Jacob Holland in 1894. It is found in Gabon, Ghana, Tanzania and Nigeria.

text:
# Heliophisma catocalina

***Heliophisma catocalina*** is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by William Jacob Holland in 1894. It is found in Gabon, Ghana, Tanzania and Nigeria.

## InfoBox

| *Heliophisma catocalina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|  | |
| Female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Heliophisma* |
| Species: | ***H. catocalina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Heliophisma catocalina***<br>(Holland, 1894) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ophiodes catocalina* Holland, 1894 * *Heliophisma zanzibarica* Hampson, 1913 | |


title: VfL 06 Benrath

abstract: VfL Benrath is a German association football club from the southern city district of Benrath in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia.

text:
# VfL 06 Benrath

**VfL Benrath** is a German association football club from the southern city district of Benrath in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia.

## History

The club was established on 16 April 1906 in what was then the village of Benrath as *Benrather Fußball Club*. In 1910, they merged with *Fußball Club Hohenzollern Benrath-Hassels* to become *Benrather Fußball Verein*. They were joined on 12 July 1919 with the gymnastics association *Turnclub Benrath* and adopted the name *Verein für Leibesübungen Benrath 1906*. A 1921 union with another gymnastics club, *Turnverein 1881 Benrath* led to the formation of *Turn- und Sportgemeinde 1881 Benrath*. That partnership was short-lived and ended in 1923.

*VfL* made its first appearance on the national stage in 1930 after a successful season in the regional west German league. They were put out of the national playoffs through a 0–1 loss to *Eintracht Frankfurt* in the round of 16. A win in the Westdeutscherpokal (West German Cup) propelled the team into the national level playoff once again in 1932, and they again were put out in an eighth final round matchup, this time by *Hamburger SV* (1–3). Another Westdeutscherpokal win in 1933 was followed by another eighth final exit, 0:2 to *SV München 1860*.

German football was re-organized in 1933 under the Third Reich into sixteen top-flight regional divisions and *VfL* became part of the Gauliga Niederrhein. They enjoyed success there early on winning consecutive division titles in 1934 and 1935. Their 1935 playoff run ended with a 2–4 semifinal loss to *VfB Stuttgart*. After a second-place result the following season the team's performance fell off dramatically and they struggled to remain in the Gauliga. They were relegated in 1939, but returned in the 1941–42 season and remained in first division competition until the end of World War II. Through this period the club made appearances (1935, 1936, 1939) in the early rounds of the Tschammerpokal tournament, predecessor to today's DFB-Pokal (German Cup).

Immediately following the war, *Benrath* played in the Bezirksliga Berg-Mark and advanced to the regional Niederrhein final where they dropped a 2–0 decision to *Rot-Weiß Oberhausen*. By 1947, they were part of the Landesliga Niederrhein (III) and in 1949 qualified for the 2nd Oberliga West (II) where they played a single season. They had another single season turn in the second tier in 1954–55 before capturing an Amateurliga Niederrhein (III) title in 1957. They parlayed that division title into a national amateur championship with a 4–2 victory over *Alemannia 90 Berlin* and returned to the 2. Liga-West for a five-year-long stint. *VfL* earned lower table finishes there until finally being relegated in 1962 to the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III). After more than a decade of indifferent results, the club slipped out of sight into lower level local competition in 1973.

Nowadays the club plays in the tier six Landesliga Niederrhein.

## Honours

The club's honours:

## InfoBox

VfL Benrath
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Verein für Leibesübungen Benrath 1906 e. V. |
| Founded | 1906 |
| Ground | Münchner Straße |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| League | Landesliga Niederrhein 1 (VI) |
| 2015–16 | 14th |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt

abstract: "Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt" is Christian hymn, with lyrics written by Diethard Zils in 1971, and music by made a hymn of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied with a melody by Ignace de Sutter. It is a penitential song, which appeared in the Catholic hymnal Gotteslob of 1975. In the 2013 version, it appears only in regional sections.

text:
# Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt

"**Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt**" (Say yes to me when all say no) is Christian hymn, with lyrics written by Diethard Zils in 1971, and music by made a hymn of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied with a melody by Ignace de Sutter. It is a penitential song, which appeared in the Catholic hymnal *Gotteslob of 1975*. In the 2013 version, it appears only in regional sections.

## History

"Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt" was written by Diethard Zils in 1971, in five stanzas, with verses of four lines which rhyme and a refrain which is a biblical quotation. It is a penitential song, taking as a starting point reflection of mistakes and rejection by many, but the hope that God who is addressed will accept and forgive. The refrain requests to open the mouth of the singer for praise ("Tu meinen Mund auf, dich zu loben"), and to give a new spirit ("und gib mir einen neuen Geist"). The hymn appeared in the first common Catholic hymnal in German, the *Gotteslob* of 1975. It was recommended as a *Psalmlied*, a hymn suitable to be sung instead of a psalm between the first and second reading in the liturgy, although it is no paraphrase of a specific psalm. In the 2013 version of the hymnal, the hymn appears only in regional sections, such as the Diocese of Limburg, which has it as GL 767 in the section *Österliche Bußzeit (Fastenzeit)*, which translates to: Time of penitence before Easter (Lent). The song is part of several songbooks.

Zils set his text to a melody which Ignace de Sutter had composed in 1959. The melody in C minor moves in even flow, beginning on C in low register, highlighting "nein (no) by a longer note, while otherwise only the last syllable of a line is held longer. The refrain is reminiscent of psalm recitation, using only three pitches around G, until it rises when the new spirit is mentioned, and ends an octave higher than the beginning.

## Further reading

* Reif, Matthias (2001). *Das Lied im Gottesdienst: ein Leitfaden für die Praxis* (in German). Saint-Paul. p. 181. ISBN 978-3-72-280519-1.
* "Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt". *evangeliums.net* (in German). Retrieved 4 February 2018.
* *Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt* (in German). Diocese of Limburg. 2013.
* Büker, Hubert (2013). "Was ist neu im neuen Gotteslob? / Veränderte Inhalte im neuen Gebet- und Gesangbuch" (in German). mein-gotteslob.de. Retrieved 4 March 2018.

## InfoBox

| "Sag ja zu mir, wenn alles nein sagt" | |
| --- | --- |
| Neues Geistliches Lied | |
| Occasion | Penitence |
| Written | 1971 (1971) |
| Text | by Diethard Zils |
| Language | German |
| Melody | by Ignace de Sutter |
| Composed | 1959 (1959) |
| Published | 1975 (1975) |


title: Isopropylbenzylamine

abstract: N-isopropylbenzylamine is a compound that has appeared in chemical literature often playing an intermediary role in applications of experimental synthesis and novel organic transformations. Despite having limited documented uses, it is most well known for having previously come to the attention of the DEA due to being used by illicit methamphetamine manufacturers as a diluent of or substitute for methamphetamine, with many recorded sightings occurring in the years 2007–2008. It not known to be a controlled substance in any other jurisdiction. Isopropylbenzylamine is not thought to have any stimulant effects in its own right, though anecdotal reports suggest that it may be associated with side effects such as headaches and confusion which are not typically associated with methamphetamine itself. The toxicity of N-isopropylbenzylamine has been studied as of 2022 and it has been found to produces toxicity via increasing nitric oxide in vitro. In this study, in vitro toxicity of N-isopropylbenzylamine and its toxicity-related targets were investigated in SN4741, SH-SY5Y or PC12 cell lines that model neurons. The study sounds an alarm for methamphetamine abusers and warns of the dangerousness of N-isopropylbenzylamine for public health.

text:
# Isopropylbenzylamine

**N-isopropylbenzylamine** is a compound that has appeared in chemical literature often playing an intermediary role in applications of experimental synthesis and novel organic transformations. Despite having limited documented uses, it is most well known for having previously come to the attention of the DEA due to being used by illicit methamphetamine manufacturers as a diluent of or substitute for methamphetamine, with many recorded sightings occurring in the years 20072008. It not known to be a controlled substance in any other jurisdiction. Isopropylbenzylamine is not thought to have any stimulant effects in its own right, though anecdotal reports suggest that it may be associated with side effects such as headaches and confusion which are not typically associated with methamphetamine itself.  The toxicity of N-isopropylbenzylamine has been studied as of 2022 and it has been found to produces toxicity via increasing nitric oxide in vitro. In this study, in vitro toxicity of N-isopropylbenzylamine and its toxicity-related targets were investigated in SN4741, SH-SY5Y or PC12 cell lines that model neurons. The study sounds an alarm for methamphetamine abusers and warns of the dangerousness of N-isopropylbenzylamine for public health.

## InfoBox

Isopropylbenzylamine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name *N*-Benzylpropan-2-amine | |
| Other names *N*-(Phenylmethyl)propan-2-amine
Isopropylbenzylamine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.789 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(2)11-8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3 YKey: LYBKPDDZTNUNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C10H15N/c1-9(2)11-8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3Key: LYBKPDDZTNUNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * N(C(C)C)Cc1ccccc1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H15N |
| Molar mass | 149.237 g·mol−1 |
| Pharmacology | |
| Legal status |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Mollalar (Boyəhmədli), Agdam

abstract: Mollalar is a village in the Agdam Rayon of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Mollalar (Boyəhmədli), Agdam

40°08′49″N 46°52′26″E / 40.14694°N 46.87389°E / 40.14694; 46.87389

**Mollalar** (also, **Mollar**) is a village in the Agdam Rayon of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| Mollalar | |
| --- | --- |
| MollalarMollalar | |
| Coordinates: 40°08′49″N 46°52′26″E / 40.14694°N 46.87389°E / 40.14694; 46.87389 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Agdam |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Kevin Ullyett

abstract: Kevin Ullyett is a former professional tennis player from Zimbabwe. His primary success on the tour was in men's doubles. Ullyett won 34 doubles titles during his career, including two Grand Slams at the 2001 US Open and the 2005 Australian Open with countryman Wayne Black. He also competed in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics, coming in at fifth place in 2004 with Black. In mixed doubles, Ullyett won the 2002 Australian Open with Daniela Hantuchová. He reached the final of Wimbledon in 2002 with Hantuchová, and the semifinals there in 2003 and 2005 with Hantuchová and Liezel Huber, respectively. He and Huber were also the runners-up at the 2005 Australian Open. Black, Ullyett's compatriot and long-time doubles partner, retired at the end of 2005. He then played with Paul Hanley for two seasons, then with Jonas Björkman, who retired at the end of 2008, and finally with Brazilian Bruno Soares. His father, Robert Ullyett, represented Rhodesia in cricket and field hockey. He was part of the national team that competed at the 1964 Olympics. He made his final tennis appearance at the South African Open in February 2010 eighteen years after he first appeared there in 1992 competing in his first ATP Tour event. He had over 500 career wins. He lives with his wife and two children in London. Their first child, Jemima, was born in 2005. He hopes for a career in property development after tennis.

text:
# Kevin Ullyett

**Kevin Ullyett** (born 23 May 1972) is a former professional tennis player from Zimbabwe. His primary success on the tour was in men's doubles.

Ullyett won 34 doubles titles during his career, including two Grand Slams at the 2001 US Open and the 2005 Australian Open with countryman Wayne Black. He also competed in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics, coming in at fifth place in 2004 with Black. In mixed doubles, Ullyett won the 2002 Australian Open with Daniela Hantuchová. He reached the final of Wimbledon in 2002 with Hantuchová, and the semifinals there in 2003 and 2005 with Hantuchová and Liezel Huber, respectively. He and Huber were also the runners-up at the 2005 Australian Open.

Black, Ullyett's compatriot and long-time doubles partner, retired at the end of 2005. He then played with Paul Hanley for two seasons, then with Jonas Björkman, who retired at the end of 2008, and finally with Brazilian Bruno Soares.

His father, Robert Ullyett, represented Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in cricket and field hockey. He was part of the national team that competed at the 1964 Olympics (they beat New Zealand 2–1 and came 11th out of 15).

He made his final tennis appearance at the South African Open in February 2010 (partnering with Wesley Moodie) eighteen years after he first appeared there in 1992 competing in his first ATP Tour event. He had over 500 career wins.

He lives with his wife and two children in London. Their first child, Jemima, was born in 2005. He hopes for a career in property development after tennis.

## Grand Slam finals

### Doubles (2 wins)

| Result | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 2001 | US Open | Hard | Wayne Black | Donald Johnson
Jared Palmer | 7–6(11–9), 2–6, 6–3 |
| Win | 2005 | Australian Open | Hard | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 6–4, 6–4 |

### Mixed doubles (1 win)

| Result | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 2002 | Australian Open | Hard | Daniela Hantuchová | Gastón Etlis
Paola Suárez | 6–3, 6–2 |

## ATP Career Finals

### Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)

| Legend  Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0)  ATP World Tour Finals (0–0)  ATP Masters Series (0–0)  ATP Championship Series (0–0)  ATP World Series (0–1) | Finals by surface  Hard (0–0)  Clay (0–0)  Grass (0–1)  Carpet (0–0) | Finals by setting  Outdoors (0–1)  Indoors (0–0) |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Jun 1999 | Nottingham, United Kingdom | World Series | Grass | Cédric Pioline | 3–6, 5–7 |

### Doubles: 59 (34 titles, 25 runner-ups)

| Legend  Grand Slam Tournaments (2–1)  ATP World Tour Finals (0–1)  ATP Masters Series (5–9)  ATP Championship Series (4–7)  ATP World Series (23–7) | Finals by surface  Hard (22–16)  Clay (6–4)  Grass (3–1)  Carpet (3–3) | Finals by setting  Outdoors (20–20)  Indoors (14–5) |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Jun 1996 | Seoul, South Korea | World Series | Hard | Kent Kinnear | Rick Leach
Jonathan Stark | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 1–1 | Feb 1997 | Shanghai, China | World Series | Carpet | Max Mirnyi | Tomas Nydahl
Stefano Pescosolido | 7–6, 6–7, 7–5 |
| Win | 2–1 | Apr 1998 | Orlando, United States | World Series | Clay | Grant Stafford | Michael Tebbutt
Mikael Tillström | 4–6, 6–4, 7–5 |
| Win | 3–1 | May 1998 | Coral Springs, United States | World Series | Clay | Grant Stafford | Mark Merklein
Vince Spadea | 7–5, 6–4 |
| Win | 4–1 | Jul 1998 | Washington, United States | Championship Series | Hard | Grant Stafford | Wayne Ferreira
Patrick Galbraith | 6–2, 6–4 |
| Win | 5–1 | Sep 1998 | Bournemouth, United Kingdom | International Series | Clay | Neil Broad | Wayne Arthurs
Alberto Berasategui | 7–6, 6–3 |
| Loss | 5–2 | Oct 1998 | Basel, Switzerland | World Series | Hard | Piet Norval | Olivier Delaître
Fabrice Santoro | 3–6, 6–7 |
| Loss | 5–3 | Jan 1999 | Doha, Qatar | World Series | Hard | Piet Norval | Alex O'Brien
Jared Palmer | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 5–4 | Oct 1999 | Vienna, Austria | Championship Series | Carpet | Piet Norval | David Prinosil
Sandon Stolle | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 6–4 | Oct 1999 | Lyon, France | International Series | Carpet | Piet Norval | Wayne Ferreira
Sandon Stolle | 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4) |
| Win | 7–4 | Nov 1999 | Stockholm, Sweden | World Series | Hard | Piet Norval | Jan-Michael Gambill
Scott Humphries | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Win | 8–4 | Aug 2000 | Long Island, United States | International Series | Hard | Jonathan Stark | Jan-Michael Gambill
Scott Humphries | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Win | 9–4 | Oct 2000 | Hong Kong, Hong Kong | International Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Dominik Hrbatý
David Prinosil | 6–1, 6–2 |
| Win | 10–4 | Nov 2000 | St. Petersburg, Russia | International Series | Hard | Daniel Nestor | Thomas Shimada
Myles Wakefield | 7–6(7–5), 7–5 |
| Win | 11–4 | Feb 2001 | Copenhagen, Denmark | International Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Jiří Novák
David Rikl | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 12–4 | Aug 2001 | Long Island, United States | International Series | Hard | Jonathan Stark | Leoš Friedl
Radek Štěpánek | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Win | 13–4 | Sep 2001 | New York, United States | Grand Slam | Hard | Wayne Black | Donald Johnson
Jared Palmer | 7–6(11–9), 2–6, 6–3 |
| Win | 14–4 | Jan 2002 | Adelaide, Australia | International Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 7–5, 6–2 |
| Win | 15–4 | Mar 2002 | San Jose, United States | World Series | Hard | Wayne Black | John-Laffnie de Jager
Robbie Koenig | 6–3, 4–6, \[10–5\] |
| Loss | 15–5 | May 2002 | Rome, Italy | Masters Series | Clay | Wayne Black | Martin Damm
Cyril Suk | 5–7, 5–7 |
| Win | 16–5 | Jun 2002 | Queen's, United Kingdom | International Series | Grass | Wayne Black | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 6–3 |
| Win | 17–5 | Aug 2002 | Washington, United States | Championship Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 7–6(7–4), 4–6, 6–3 |
| Win | 18–5 | Oct 2002 | Lyon, France | International Series | Carpet | Wayne Black | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 6–4, 3–6, 7–6(7–3) |
| Win | 19–5 | Oct 2002 | Stockholm, Sweden | World Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Wayne Arthurs
Paul Hanley | 6–4, 2–6, 7–6(7–4) |
| Loss | 19–6 | Mar 2003 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Championship Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Leander Paes
David Rikl | 3–6, 0–6 |
| Win | 20–6 | May 2003 | Munich, Germany | World Series | Clay | Wayne Black | Joshua Eagle
Jared Palmer | 6–3, 7–5 |
| Loss | 20–7 | Jul 2003 | Stuttgart, Germany | Championship Series | Clay | Yevgeny Kafelnikov | Tomáš Cibulec
Pavel Vízner | 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 20–8 | Oct 2003 | Moscow, Russia | World Series | Carpet | Wayne Black | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 3–6, 5–7 |
| Loss | 20–9 | Oct 2003 | Madrid, Spain | Masters Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 2–6, 6–2, 3–6 |
| Loss | 20–10 | Mar 2004 | Indian Wells, United States | Masters Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Sébastien Grosjean
Arnaud Clément | 3–6, 6–4, 5–7 |
| Win | 21–10 | Apr 2004 | Miami, United States | Masters Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Jonas Björkman
Todd Woodbridge | 6–2, 7–6(14–12) |
| Win | 22–10 | May 2004 | Hamburg, Germany | Masters Series | Clay | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 6–4, 6–2 |
| Loss | 22–11 | Jul 2004 | Indianapolis, United States | Championship Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Jordan Kerr
Jim Thomas | 7–6(9–7), 6–7(3–7), 3–6 |
| Loss | 22–12 | Nov 2004 | Paris, France | Masters Series | Carpet | Wayne Black | Jonas Björkman
Todd Woodbridge | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 22–13 | Nov 2004 | Houston, United States | ATP Finals | Hard | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 6–4, 5–7, 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 23–13 | Jan 2005 | Melbourne, Australia | Grand Slam | Hard | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 23–14 | Apr 2005 | Miami, United States | Masters Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Jonas Björkman
Max Mirnyi | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 23–15 | Aug 2005 | Washington, United States | Championship Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 24–15 | Aug 2005 | Montreal, Canada | Masters Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Jonathan Erlich
Andy Ram | 7–6(7–2), 6–4 |
| Loss | 24–16 | Aug 2005 | Cincinnati, United States | Masters Series | Hard | Wayne Black | Jonas Björkman
Max Mirnyi | 4–6, 7–5, 2–6 |
| Loss | 24–17 | Jan 2006 | Adelaide, Australia | International Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Jonathan Erlich
Andy Ram | 6–7(4–7), 6–7(10–12) |
| Win | 25–17 | Feb 2006 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | Championship Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Jonathan Erlich
Andy Ram | 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2) |
| Win | 26–17 | Mar 2006 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Championship Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 1–6, 6–2, \[10–1\] |
| Win | 27–17 | May 2006 | Hamburg, Germany | Masters Series | Clay | Paul Hanley | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 4–6, 7–6(7–5), \[10–4\] |
| Win | 28–17 | Jun 2006 | Queen's, United Kingdom | International Series | Grass | Paul Hanley | Jonas Björkman
Max Mirnyi | 6–4, 3–6, \[10–8\] |
| Loss | 28–18 | Aug 2006 | Washington, United States | Championship Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 3–6, 7–5, \[3–10\] |
| Loss | 28–19 | Aug 2006 | Montreal, Canada | Masters Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 5–7, 1–6 |
| Win | 29–19 | Oct 2006 | Stockholm, Sweden | World Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Olivier Rochus
Kristof Vliegen | 7–6(7–2), 6–4 |
| Win | 30–19 | Jan 2007 | Sydney, Australia | World Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 6–4, 6–7(3–7), \[10–6\] |
| Loss | 30–20 | May 2007 | Hamburg, Germany | Masters Series | Clay | Paul Hanley | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 30–21 | Aug 2007 | Toronto, Canada | Masters Series | Hard | Paul Hanley | Mahesh Bhupathi
Pavel Vízner | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 30–22 | Apr 2008 | Estoril, Portugal | World Series | Clay | Jamie Murray | Jeff Coetzee
Wesley Moodie | 2–6, 6–4, \[8–10\] |
| Win | 31–22 | Jun 2008 | Nottingham, United Kingdom | World Series | Grass | Bruno Soares | Jeff Coetzee
Jamie Murray | 6–2, 7–6(7–5) |
| Loss | 31–23 | Jul 2008 | Wimbledon, United Kingdom | Grand Slam | Grass | Jonas Björkman | Daniel Nestor
Nenad Zimonjić | 6–7(12–14), 7–6(7–3), 3–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 31–24 | Aug 2008 | Washington, United States | Championship Series | Hard | Bruno Soares | Marc Gicquel
Robert Lindstedt | 6–7(3–7), 3–6 |
| Win | 32–24 | Oct 2008 | Stockholm, Sweden | World Series | Hard | Jonas Björkman | Johan Brunström
Michael Ryderstedt | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 33–24 | Nov 2008 | Paris, France | Masters Series | Hard | Jonas Björkman | Jeff Coetzee
Wesley Moodie | 6–2, 6–2 |
| Loss | 33–25 | Aug 2009 | New Haven, United States | 250 Series | Hard | Bruno Soares | Julian Knowle
Jürgen Melzer | 4–6, 6–7(3–7) |
| Win | 34–25 | Oct 2009 | Stockholm, Sweden | 250 Series | Hard | Bruno Soares | Simon Aspelin
Paul Hanley | 6–4, 7–6(7–4) |

## ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals

### Singles: 8 (5–3)

| Legend  ATP Challenger (5–3)  ITF Futures (0–0) | Finals by surface  Hard (4–1)  Clay (0–0)  Grass (0–1)  Carpet (1–1) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | Aug 1993 | Winnetka, United States | Challenger | Hard | Maurice Ruah | 6–3, 6–2 |
| Loss | 1–1 | Oct 1994 | Ponte Vedra, United States | Challenger | Hard | Vince Spadea | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 2–1 | Apr 1996 | Nagoya, Japan | Challenger | Hard | Peter Tramacchi | 3–6, 6–2, 6–3 |
| Win | 3–1 | Oct 1996 | Monterrey, Mexico | Challenger | Hard | Alex O'Brien | 6–3, 7–6 |
| Loss | 3–2 | Mar 1997 | Magdeburg, Germany | Challenger | Carpet | Petr Luxa | 3–6, 6–2, 5–7 |
| Loss | 3–3 | Jun 1998 | Surbiton, United Kingdom | Challenger | Grass | Gianluca Pozzi | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 4–3 | Mar 2000 | Kyoto, Japan | Challenger | Carpet | Arvind Parmar | 6–7(3–7), 6–4, 6–4 |
| Win | 5–3 | May 2000 | Jerusalem, Israel | Challenger | Hard | Gianluca Pozzi | 6–4, 6–3 |

### Doubles: 22 (15–7)

| Legend  ATP Challenger (15–7)  ITF Futures (0–0) | Finals by surface  Hard (14–7)  Clay (0–0)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (1–0) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | May 1992 | São Paulo, Brazil | Challenger | Hard | Grant Stafford | Gerardo Martinez
Tom Mercer | 7–6, 6–4 |
| Win | 2–0 | May 1992 | Itu, Brazil | Challenger | Hard | Grant Stafford | Bertrand Madsen
Tom Mercer | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 3–0 | Aug 1993 | Cincinnati, United States | Challenger | Hard | Johan de Beer | Wayne Arthurs
Leander Paes | 7–6, 6–4 |
| Win | 4–0 | Aug 1993 | Bronx, United States | Challenger | Hard | Johan de Beer | Wayne Arthurs
Grant Doyle | 7–6, 7–6 |
| Win | 5–0 | Oct 1993 | Monterrey, Mexico | Challenger | Hard | Lan Bale | Jean-Philippe Fleurian
Roger Smith | 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 |
| Loss | 5–1 | Dec 1993 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Challenger | Hard | David Nainkin | Sébastien Lareau
Daniel Nestor | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 6–1 | May 1994 | Jerusalem, Israel | Challenger | Hard | Ellis Ferreira | Filip Dewulf
Dick Norman | 7–6, 6–3 |
| Loss | 6–2 | Aug 1994 | Cincinnati, United States | Challenger | Hard | Brian Gyetko | Grant Doyle
Paul Kilderry | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 6–3 | Oct 1994 | Brest, France | Challenger | Hard | Bryan Shelton | Trevor Kronemann
David Macpherson | 1–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 7–3 | Apr 1995 | Nagoya, Japan | Challenger | Hard | Leander Paes | Joshua Eagle
Andrew Kratzmann | 7–6, 7–5 |
| Loss | 7–4 | Oct 1996 | Monterrey, Mexico | Challenger | Hard | Myles Wakefield | Sargis Sargsian
Michael Sell | 2–6, 6–3, 3–6 |
| Win | 8–4 | Dec 1996 | Amarillo, United States | Challenger | Hard | Max Mirnyi | Justin Gimelstob
Jeff Salzenstein | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 9–4 | Feb 1997 | Cherbourg, France | Challenger | Hard | Max Mirnyi | Stefano Pescosolido
Vincenzo Santopadre | 6–3, 6–7, 6–4 |
| Loss | 9–5 | May 1997 | Jerusalem, Israel | Challenger | Hard | Wayne Black | Mahesh Bhupathi
Leander Paes | 7–6, 2–6, 6–7 |
| Win | 10–5 | Sep 1997 | Urbana, United States | Challenger | Hard | Michael Sell | Gouichi Motomura
Takao Suzuki | 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 |
| Win | 11–5 | Sep 1997 | Delray Beach, United States | Challenger | Hard | Michael Sell | Oren Motevassel
Daniele Musa | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Loss | 11–6 | Mar 1998 | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | Challenger | Hard | Max Mirnyi | Mahesh Bhupathi
Peter Tramacchi | 4–6, 0–6 |
| Win | 12–6 | Mar 1998 | Bangkok, Thailand | Challenger | Hard | Peter Tramacchi | Gábor Köves
Attila Sávolt | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Win | 13–6 | Mar 1998 | Kyoto, Japan | Challenger | Carpet | Takao Suzuki | Óscar Ortiz
Maurice Ruah | 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 |
| Loss | 13–7 | Feb 2000 | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | Challenger | Hard | Irakli Labadze | Michael Hill
Todd Woodbridge | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 14–7 | May 2000 | Jerusalem, Israel | Challenger | Hard | Neville Godwin | Noam Behr
Eyal Ran | 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–3) |
| Win | 15–7 | Feb 2008 | East London, South Africa | Challenger | Hard | Jonas Björkman | Thomas Johansson
Stefan Koubek | 6–2, 6–2 |

## Performance Timelines

Key
| **W** | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | P# | DNQ | A | Z# | PO | **G** | S | B | NMS | NTI | P | NH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (P#) preliminary round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (Z#) Davis/Fed Cup Zonal Group (with number indication) or (PO) play-off; (G) gold, (S) silver or (B) bronze Olympic/Paralympic medal; (NMS) not a Masters tournament; (NTI) not a Tier I tournament; (P) postponed; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

### Singles

| Tournament | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | SR | W–L | Win % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Grand Slam Tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Australian Open | A | A | Q1 | Q3 | A | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | 2R | Q2 | 0 / 1 | 1–1 | 50% |
| French Open | A | Q1 | A | A | A | Q1 | A | A | A | A | 0 / 0 | 0–0 |  |
| Wimbledon | Q1 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | A | Q2 | Q1 | A | Q1 | A | 0 / 0 | 0–0 |  |
| US Open | Q1 | 2R | 1R | A | A | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | A | A | 0 / 2 | 1–2 | 33% |
| Win–loss | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0 / 3 | 2–3 | 40% |
| **ATP Tour Masters 1000** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indian Wells | A | A | Q2 | Q2 | A | A | A | A | A | A | 0 / 0 | 0–0 |  |
| Miami | A | A | 1R | Q3 | A | A | A | A | Q1 | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Canada | A | A | A | A | Q1 | A | Q2 | 2R | A | A | 0 / 1 | 1–1 | 50% |
| Cincinnati | 1R | Q1 | Q2 | A | A | 1R | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | A | 0 / 2 | 0–2 | 0% |
| Paris | A | A | A | A | Q1 | A | A | A | A | A | 0 / 0 | 0–0 |  |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0 / 4 | 1–4 | 20% |

### Doubles

| Tournament | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | SR | W–L | Win % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Grand Slam tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Australian Open | A | 1R | A | 2R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 2R | QF | QF | 3R | QF | **W** | SF | SF | 3R | 3R | A | 1 / 15 | 34–14 | 100% |
| French Open | A | 1R | A | 1R | 1R | 2R | 3R | 3R | 3R | 3R | 2R | QF | 1R | 2R | 2R | QF | QF | A | 0 / 15 | 21–15 | 58% |
| Wimbledon | Q3 | 1R | 1R | A | 1R | 2R | 3R | 1R | 1R | 2R | 3R | QF | SF | QF | 2R |  | QF | 1R | 0 / 16 | 25–16 | 61% |
| US Open | A | 1R | A | A | 1R | 2R | 1R | 1R | **W** | QF | 3R | QF | SF | SF | SF | 2R | 2R | A | 1 / 14 | 29–13 | 69% |
| Win–loss | 0–0 | 0–4 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 1–4 | 3–4 | 4–4 | 3–4 | 11–3 | 9–4 | 7–4 | 12–4 | 14–3 | 12–4 | 10–4 | 11–4 | 9–4 | 0–1 | 2 / 60 | 109–58 | 65% |
| **National Representation** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Summer Olympics | Not Held | | | A | Not Held | | | 1R | Not Held | | | QF | Not Held | | | A | NH | | 0 / 2 | 2–2 | 50% |
| **Year-End Championships** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ATP Finals | Did Not Qualify | | | | | | RR | Did Not Qualify | | | |  | SF | SF | SF | RR | DNQ | | 0 / 6 | 13–9 | 59% |
| **ATP Masters 1000 Series** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indian Wells | A | SF | Q2 | A | A | A | 2R | 1R | 1R | QF | 2R |  | QF | 1R | QF | QF | 1R | A | 0 / 12 | 17–12 | 59% |
| Miami | A | 2R | 1R | A | A | 2R | 2R | 3R | 3R | 3R | 2R | **W** |  | SF | QF | 2R | QF | A | 1 / 14 | 23–13 | 64% |
| Monte Carlo | A | A | A | A | A | A | 2R | 1R | 1R | A | SF | A | A | A | SF | SF | 2R | A | 0 / 7 | 7–7 | 50% |
| Hamburg | A | A | A | A | A | A | 2R | A | 2R | 1R | 2R | **W** | 2R | **W** |  | 2R | NMS | | 2 / 9 | 13–7 | 65% |
| Madrid | Not Masters Series | | | | | | | | | 2R |  | A | SF | SF | 2R | 2R | 2R | A | 0 / 7 | 11–7 | 61% |
| Rome | A | A | A | A | A | A | 1R | A | 1R |  | 2R | QF | 2R | QF | QF | SF | SF | A | 0 / 10 | 11–10 | 52% |
| Canada | A | A | A | A | A | 1R | 2R | 2R | 2R | 2R | 1R | 2R | **W** |  |  | QF | 2R | A | 1 / 12 | 15–11 | 58% |
| Cincinnati | Q2 | Q2 | A | A | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R | 2R | 1R | 2R |  | 2R | QF | 2R | 2R | A | 0 / 13 | 5–13 | 28% |
| Shanghai | Not Masters Series | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2R | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | 0% |
| Stuttgart | A | A | A | A | A | A | 1R | 2R | 2R | Not Masters Series | | | | | | | | | 0 / 3 | 1–3 | 25% |
| Paris | A | A | A | A | A | QF | 1R | 1R | SF | 2R | QF |  | SF | 1R | QF | **W** | 2R | A | 1 / 12 | 17–11 | 61% |
| Win–loss | 0–0 | 4–2 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 3–4 | 4–9 | 3–7 | 5–9 | 9–8 | 8–9 | 17–5 | 17–7 | 13–7 | 15–9 | 14–8 | 7–9 | 0–0 | 5 / 100 | 119–95 | 56% |
| Year-end ranking | 135 | 91 | 158 | 103 | 92 | 35 | 26 | 34 | 13 | 11 | 18 | **9** | **6** | **8** | **10** | **8** | 24 |  | **Prize Money:** S4,138,771 | | |

### Mixed doubles

| Tournament | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | SR | W–L | Win% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Grand Slam tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Australian Open | A | A | 2R | A | 2R | **W** | SF | QF |  | 1R | SF | 1R | 1R | 1 / 10 | 19–9 | 68% |
| French Open | A | A | A | A | 1R | QF | 1R | 2R | QF | 1R | QF | 2R | 1R | 0 / 9 | 8–9 | 47% |
| Wimbledon | 1R | 2R | 2R | 1R | A |  | 3R | 2R | SF | 2R | 2R | QF | QF | 0 / 12 | 17–12 | 59% |
| US Open | A | A | 1R | A | 1R | 2R | 1R | 2R | QF | 2R | 2R | 1R | SF | 0 / 10 | 9–10 | 47% |
| **Win–loss** | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–1 | 1–3 | 13–3 | 5–4 | 5–4 | 11–4 | 1–4 | 6–4 | 3–4 | 5–4 | 1 / 41 | 53–40 | 57% |

## Wins over top 10 players

### Doubles

* He has a 46–68 record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.

| Type | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wins | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 |

| # | Opponents | Rank | Event | Surface | Rd | Score | Partner | KUR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1994** | | | | | | | | |
| 1. | Ken Flach
Rick Leach | 16
10 | Indian Wells, United States | Hard | 2R | 6–4, 3–6, 7–6 | John-Laffnie de Jager | 132 |
| **1996** | | | | | | | | |
| 2. | Byron Black
Grant Connell | 4
3 | Moscow, Russia | Carpet (i) | 1R | 7–5, 6–7, 6–4 | Max Mirnyi | 153 |
| **1997** | | | | | | | | |
| - | Brian MacPhie
Daniel Nestor | 75
7 | Hong Kong, Hong Kong | Hard | QF | Walkover | Neville Godwin | 68 |
| 3. | Kelly Jones
Alex O'Brien | 72
7 | Ostrava, Czech Republic | Carpet (i) | 1R | 6–4, 6–0 | Grant Stafford | 81 |
| **1999** | | | | | | | | |
| 4. | Wayne Black
Sandon Stolle | 21
4 | Washington, United States | Hard | QF | 6–4, 6–4 | Piet Norval | 36 |
| 5. | Wayne Black
Sandon Stolle | 17
9 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | SF | 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–4 | Piet Norval | 30 |
| **2000** | | | | | | | | |
| 6. | Rick Leach
Alex O'Brien | 3
5 | Davis Cup, Harare, Zimbabwe | Hard (i) | 1R | 7–6(7–4), 5–7, 0–6, 7–5, 7–5 | Wayne Black | 32 |
| 7. | Jiří Novák
David Rikl | 8
9 | St. Petersburg, Russia | Hard (i) | SF | 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 | Daniel Nestor | 36 |
| **2001** | | | | | | | | |
| 8. | Joshua Eagle
Sandon Stolle | 25
3 | Copenhagen, Denmark | Hard (i) | SF | 6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 33 |
| 9. | Jiří Novák
David Rikl | 11
9 | Copenhagen, Denmark | Hard (i) | F | 6–3, 6–3 | Wayne Black | 33 |
| 10. | Yevgeny Kafelnikov
Max Mirnyi | 8
7 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | Hard (i) | 1R | 7–6(13–11), 6–7(5–7), 6–3 | Wayne Black | 28 |
| 11. | Max Mirnyi
Alexander Shvets | 10
410 | Davis Cup, Minsk, Belarus | Carpet (i) | 2R | 6–7(6–8), 7–5, 6–3, 7–6(7–5) | Wayne Black | 29 |
| 12. | Jiří Novák
David Rikl | 6
4 | US Open, New York, United States | Hard | 3R | 2–6, 6–2, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 25 |
| 13. | Donald Johnson
Jared Palmer | 3
5 | US Open, New York, United States | Hard | F | 7–6(11–9), 2–6, 6–3 | Wayne Black | 25 |
| 14. | Max Mirnyi
Sandon Stolle | 10
7 | Paris, France | Hard (i) | QF | 6–4, 6–7(1–7), 6–3 | Wayne Black | 11 |
| **2002** | | | | | | | | |
| 15. | Joshua Eagle
Sandon Stolle | 22
7 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | Hard (i) | QF | 6–4, 7–6(7–5) | Chris Haggard | 14 |
| 16. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Jan-Michael Gambill | 4
90 | Indian Wells, United States | Hard | 2R | 7–6(7–4), 6–2 | Wayne Black | 13 |
| 17. | Max Mirnyi
Vladimir Voltchkov | 6
87 | Davis Cup, Harare, Zimbabwe | Hard (i) | 1R | 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 4–6, 7–6(14–12) | Wayne Black | 10 |
| 18. | John-Laffnie de Jager
Leander Paes | 64
10 | Rome, Italy | Clay | 1R | 6–4, 6–2 | Wayne Black | 9 |
| 19. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 6
5 | Rome, Italy | Clay | QF | 4–6, 6–4, \[10–3\] | Wayne Black | 9 |
| 20. | Joshua Eagle
Sandon Stolle | 33
7 | Rome, Italy | Clay | SF | 6–4, 6–3 | Wayne Black | 9 |
| 21. | Donald Johnson
Jared Palmer | 1
1 | Queen's Club, London, United Kingdom | Grass | SF | 7–5, 6–7(3–7), 7–6(7–5) | Wayne Black | 7 |
| 22. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 6
5 | Queen's Club, London, United Kingdom | Grass | F | 7–5, 6–3 | Wayne Black | 7 |
| 23. | Martin Damm
Cyril Suk | 10
17 | Washington, United States | Hard | SF | 6–4, 7–6(7–3) | Wayne Black | 9 |
| 24. | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 2
1 | Lyon, France | Carpet (i) | F | 6–4, 3–6, 7–6(7–3) | Wayne Black | 13 |
| **2003** | | | | | | | | |
| 25. | Donald Johnson
Jared Palmer | 12
9 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Hard | QF | 7–5, 6–3 | Wayne Black | 16 |
| 26. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 5
4 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Hard | SF | 6–4, 0–6, 7–6(7–4) | Wayne Black | 16 |
| 27. | Max Mirnyi
Jared Palmer | 1
20 | Stuttgart, Germany | Clay | SF | 6–4, 7–6(8–6) | Yevgeny Kafelnikov | 18 |
| 28. | Chris Haggard
Paul Hanley | 21
10 | Madrid, Spain | Hard (i) | 1R | 6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 18 |
| 29. | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 7
6 | Madrid, Spain | Hard (i) | 2R | 6–1, 6–7(5–7), 6–3 | Wayne Black | 18 |
| 30. | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 2
2 | Paris, France | Hard (i) | 1R | 7–6(7–3), 6–3 | Wayne Black | 18 |
| **2004** | | | | | | | | |
| 31. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 4
3 | Indian Wells, United States | Hard | SF | 6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 18 |
| 32. | Paul Hanley
Fabrice Santoro | 8
7 | Miami, United States | Hard | QF | 6–1, 7–5 | Wayne Black | 15 |
| 33. | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 1
1 | Miami, United States | Hard | SF | 6–2, 7–5 | Wayne Black | 15 |
| 34. | Jonas Björkman
Todd Woodbridge | 5
6 | Miami, United States | Hard | F | 6–2, 7–6(14–12) | Wayne Black | 15 |
| 35. | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 8
7 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | QF | 6–2, 6–7(7–9), 7–6(7–5) | Wayne Black | 15 |
| 36. | Jonas Björkman
Todd Woodbridge | 3
4 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | SF | 6–2, 6–1 | Wayne Black | 15 |
| 37. | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 1
1 | Hamburg, Germany | Clay | F | 6–4, 6–2 | Wayne Black | 15 |
| 38. | Mark Knowles
Daniel Nestor | 1
1 | Paris, France | Hard (i) | QF | 6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 9 |
| 39. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Max Mirnyi | 6
8 | Paris, France | Hard (i) | SF | 6–3, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 9 |
| 40. | Jonas Björkman
Todd Woodbridge | 3
6 | Masters Cup, Houston, United States | Hard (i) | SF | 6–4, 6–2 | Wayne Black | 9 |
| **2005** | | | | | | | | |
| 41. | Mahesh Bhupathi
Todd Woodbridge | 7
4 | Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia | Hard | QF | 7–6(7–3), 6–3 | Wayne Black | 8 |
| 42. | Bob Bryan
Mike Bryan | 5
5 | Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia | Hard | F | 6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Black | 8 |
| 43. | Leander Paes
Nenad Zimonjić | 7
11 | Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom | Grass | QF | 7–5, 7–6(10–8), 7–6(10–8) | Wayne Black | 9 |
| - | Mark Knowles
Radek Štěpánek | 5
41 | Washington, United States | Hard | SF | Walkover | Wayne Black | 8 |
| 44. | Jonas Björkman
Max Mirnyi | 1
4 | Montreal, Canada | Hard | SF | 6–4, 3–6, 7–5 | Wayne Black | 7 |
| 45. | Leander Paes
Nenad Zimonjić | 9
11 | Cincinnati, United States | Hard | QF | 7–5, 6–7(6–8), 7–6(7–5) | Wayne Black | 7 |
| 46. | Michaël Llodra
Fabrice Santoro | 10
17 | Cincinnati, United States | Hard | SF | 4–6, 6–2, 6–2 | Wayne Black | 7 |
|

1. Kevin at Sports Reference
2. Robert at Sports Reference
3. "allAfrica.com: Zimbabwe: Ullyett's Swansong at SA Open". Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
4. "Match Results". Archived from the original on 30 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2010.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
6. "Players | ATP Tour | Tennis". *atpworldtour.com*. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010.
7. "Tennis Server ATP/WTA Pro Tennis Showcase – 2009 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Wild Cards and Qualifiers Win in DC". Tennisserver.com.
8. On court with Kevin Ullyett
9. "Tennis - the Slazenger Open - Day Six - Nottingham Tennis Centre Stock Photo - Alamy".

## InfoBox

Kevin Ullyett
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Zimbabwe |
| Residence | London, United Kingdom |
| Born | (1972-05-23) 23 May 1972
Harare, Zimbabwe |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Turned pro | 1990 |
| Retired | 2010 |
| Plays | Right-handed (one-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | $4,138,771 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 21–34 |
| Career titles | 0
5 Challenger, 0 Futures |
| Highest ranking | No. 107 (22 May 2000) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | 2R (2000) |
| French Open | Q1 (1993, 1997) |
| Wimbledon | Q2 (1993, 1994, 1997) |
| US Open | 2R (1993) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 502–310 |
| Career titles | 34
15 Challenger, 0 Futures |
| Highest ranking | No. 4 (31 January 2005) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Australian Open | **W** (2005) |
| French Open | QF (2004, 2008, 2009) |
| Wimbledon | F (2008) |
| US Open | **W** (2001) |
| Other doubles tournaments | |
| Tour Finals | F (2004) |
| Olympic Games | QF (2004) |
| Mixed doubles | |
| Career record | 53–40 |
| Career titles | 1 |
| Grand Slam mixed doubles results | |
| Australian Open | **W** (2002) |
| French Open | QF (2002, 2005, 2007) |
| Wimbledon | F (2002) |
| US Open | SF (2009) |
| Last updated on: 5 May 2023. | |


title: Tmesisternus froggatti

abstract: Tmesisternus froggatti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by McLeay in 1868.

text:
# Tmesisternus froggatti

***Tmesisternus froggatti*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by McLeay in 1868.

## InfoBox

| *Tmesisternus froggatti* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Tmesisternus* |
| Species: | ***T. froggatti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tmesisternus froggatti***<br>McLeay, 1868 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tmesisternus frogatti* Breuning, 1945 | |


title: Polhemus Memorial Clinic

abstract: The Polhemus Memorial Clinic in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York City was built in 1897 as an extension of a hospital for the poor on the corner of Henry and Amity streets. It was officially inaugurated January 5, 1898. Throughout most of its lifetime, 1897 to July 2008, it was part of the Long Island College Hospital (LICH). Joseph Korom, the author of The American Skyscraper (2008), considers the eight-story tower to be the first skyscraper hospital ever built. The clinic and adjacent row houses were designated part of the Cobble Hill Historic District in 1988.

text:
# Polhemus Memorial Clinic

The **Polhemus Memorial Clinic** in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York City was built in 1897 as an extension of a hospital for the poor on the corner of Henry and Amity streets. It was officially inaugurated January 5, 1898. Throughout most of its lifetime, 1897 to July 2008, it was part of the Long Island College Hospital (LICH). Joseph Korom, the author of *The American Skyscraper* (2008), considers the eight-story tower to be the first skyscraper hospital ever built. The clinic and adjacent row houses were designated part of the Cobble Hill Historic District in 1988.

## History

The Cobble Hill area of Brooklyn was settled by Europeans early in the seventeenth century and was included into the newly incorporated City of Brooklyn in 1834. Present-day street grid was designed in the same 1834 and by 1860 the former farmland was developed into a densely populated row house neighborhood with banks, churches and retail stores. Two row houses on the corner of Henry and Amity, later demolished to make way for the clinic, were built in 1853 by an Irish-American real estate developer Edward Wilson.

Construction of the building was financed by Caroline Herriman Polhemus (died 1906), the sister of William H. Herriman, who provided $400,000 to the Long Island College Hospital (LICH) in the memory of her husband Henry Ditmas Polhemus, who served as the Regent of LICH from 1872 until his death in 1895. Caroline Polhemus also donated a farm in Rockland County to the Brooklyn Children's Aid Society. In the summer of 1895 Caroline Polhemus purchased two corner row houses and demolished them. An architectural contest to design the clinic attracted six bids; a young architect, Marshall Emery, won first prize of $500. Construction commenced in spring of 1897 and was completed in December 1897. Emery described his building, finished in French Renaissance motives, as "dignified and pleasing, at the same time having as strongly a marked, monumental and academic character as the peculiar arrangement of the interior will permit, while refraining from undue or lavish use of ornamentation". Emery consulted with physicians and surgeons to design a thoroughly modern hospital. Separate entrances on each facade separated the students from hospital patients and staff.

The building functions were separated vertically; originally, Pohlemus Clinic housed:

* the hospital's dispensary in the first two floors;
* administration and student locker rooms in the third floor;
* training classes in the fourth to seventh floors;
* and dissecting rooms of the Department of Anatomy in the eighth floor.

The clinic was equipped with an elevator, steam heating, forced ventilation, electrical generators and one of the first x-ray machines in existence. After the United States entry into World War I, Polhemus Clinic provided x-ray facilities to the United States Marines.

In July 2008 LICH closed and sold the Polhemus Building (then housing its departments of surgery and anaesthesia) and the maternity ward, citing the need to raise cash to escape bankruptcy. Doctors split over the decision, blaming Continuum Health Partners for the mismanagement of Brooklyn hospitals.

Fortis Property Group bought the Polhemus Building in 2008, and it sat vacant until 2016, when plans to restore and repurpose it came into effect. The building reopened as condominiums in 2020.

## InfoBox

| Polhemus Memorial Clinic | |
| --- | --- |
| Polhemus Memorial Clinic, shortly after completion | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Coordinates | 40°41′28″N 73°59′45″W / 40.691125°N 73.995795°W / 40.691125; -73.995795 |
| History | |
| Construction started | 1897 |
| Opened | January 5, 1898 |
| Closed | July 2008 |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in New York State |


title: Needs (song)

abstract: "Needs" is a song by American singer Tinashe and the second single from her sixth studio album, BB/Ang3l (2023). It was released on August 18, 2023, through her independent label Tinashe Music Inc. and Nice Life Recording Company, and was produced by Royce David and Jonny Made-It, who additionally co-wrote the song with Tinashe herself.

text:
# Needs (song)

"**Needs**" is a song by American singer Tinashe and the second single from her sixth studio album, *BB/Ang3l* (2023). It was released on August 18, 2023, through her independent label Tinashe Music Inc. and Nice Life Recording Company, and was produced by Royce David and Jonny Made-It, who additionally co-wrote the song with Tinashe herself.

## Background

The cover art is from the same photoshoot as Tinashe's previous single "Talk to Me Nice" and her album, BB/Ang3l. She initially teased the song on her TikTok page on August 6, 2023.

In an interview with *Dazed*, Tinashe explained her inspiration behind the song. She stated "I just wanted to write something really flirty and sexy and cute. It was kind of a freestyle. I just pressed record and played a beat, and whatever came out of me was what I went with. That ‘we all got needs’ tagline at the end was my initial freestyle. Sometimes I really think that your first instinct is your best instinct, and you should go with your gut. You should follow that initial spark of inspiration when it comes to making art. That’s really what this song was."

## Critical reception

Pitchfork ranked "Needs" at number 46 out of the 100 best songs of 2023. Peyton Toups stated "Tinashe doesn’t play coy about what she wants from a man on 'Needs', the no-frills, sex-positive standout from this year’s *BB/ANG3L* EP. Especially when coupled with a dynamic video full of freewheeling grocery-store choreography, the alt-R&B artist’s confidence in collecting simps is infectious". Tom Breihan of Stereogum regarded the song as "a slinky, sexy track with breathy vocals and a loping, club-ready beat. Tinashe switches back and forth between a purr and a whisper."

## Music video

The music video premiered the same day as the song was released via Tinashe's YouTube channel. It was directed by Sammy Rawal. The video takes place in a grocery store, where Tinashe is accompanied by her six dancers, running all around the store. She made several innuendos regarding the food contents. She is covered in deli meat when she sings the line "My body is a buffet".

The video has surpassed 5 million views as of June 2024. Jaeden Pinder of *Pitchfork* put Tinashe's performance in the "Needs" video in sixth place in their year-end list of the Best Music Video Choreography of 2023.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Genius.

* Tinashe – vocals, songwriting
* Royce David – production, songwriting
* Jonny Made-It – production, songwriting
* Ricky Reed – vocal production
* Ike Schultz – mix engineering
* Chris Gehringer – master engineering

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Needs"
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | August 18, 2023 |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| "Needs" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Tinashe | |
| from the album  *BB/Ang3l* | |
| Released | August 18, 2023 |
| Recorded | 2022–2023 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 2:27 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Tinashe singles chronology | |
| "Talk to Me Nice"
(2023) "**Needs**"
(2023) "Uh Huh"
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Needs" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: VfL AstroStars Bochum

abstract: VfL AstroStars Bochum, for sponsorship reasons named VfL SparkassenStars Bochum, is a professional basketball club based in Bochum, Germany. Since the 2022/23 season, the club competes in the second tier ProA league. VfL AstroStars Bochum is a departmental club of VfL Bochum. At the end of 2016, it was the sixth largest German basketball club with 555 active players.

text:
# VfL AstroStars Bochum

**VfL AstroStars Bochum**, for sponsorship reasons named **VfL SparkassenStars Bochum**, is a professional basketball club based in Bochum, Germany. Since the 2022/23 season, the club competes in the second tier ProA league.

VfL AstroStars Bochum is a departmental club of VfL Bochum.

At the end of 2016, it was the sixth largest German basketball club with 555 active players.

## History

Formed in 2011, it is the successor club of VfL Bochum BG and was formed by its merger with BG Südpark Bochum. The club took over the licenses of its predecessor clubs on July 1, 2012, and has been competing since the 2012/2013 season.

Since the 2017/18 season, the club's 1st team has played under the name VfL SparkassenStars Bochum.

During the 2022/23 ProA season, under head coach Felix Banobre, Bochum fared well. Their top players included Hendrik Drescher, Jalen Bradey and others. Bochum defeated Tübingen twice during Tübingen's promotion season. Tübingen had previously won five games in a row. Tübingen had never ceded 98 points until they faced Bochum.

After the season, Bochum lost Hendrik Drescher. Bochum would have liked to keep him and was willing to "go to the pain barrier," as general manager Tobias Steinert said. In the club's farewell message, Drescher was quoted as saying, "I would like to express my sincere thanks to the entire club and, of course, to the fans who made last season an unforgettable one, for me personally. Anytime I remember it fondly, I can't wait to play as a guest in the Rundsporthalle next season."

Drescher was the third departure officially confirmed by the club after TJ Crockett and Jonas Grof. Lars Kamp and Niklas Geske extended their contracts.

## Players

### Current roster

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

| VfL AstroStars Bochum roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. No. Nat. Name      SF 2  Luca Zjic      SF 3  Emil Loch      PG 4  Niklas Geske      SG 7  Lars Kamp      8  Kilian Dietz      PG 9  Jonas Grof      PG 12  Matthew Douglas Strange      SF 13  Keith Braxton JR      PF 20  Peter Kalthoff      PF 22  Benedict Baumgarth      PG 24  Cem Emen      33  Tom Alte | Head coach Felix Banobre
Assistant coach(es) Petar Topalski
Jo-Lam Vuong
Alvaro Sanchez Paredes
---  Legend * **(C)** Team captain * Injured  ---  Updated: 5 September 2024 |

## Notable players

**To appear in this section a player must have either:**

– Set a club record or won an individual award as a professional player.
– Played at least one official international match for his senior national team at any time.

## InfoBox

| VfL AstroStars Bochum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leagues | ProA |
| Founded | 2011 (2011) |
| History | **VfL AstroStars Bochum**
(2011–present) |
| Arena | Rundsporthalle Bochum |
| Capacity | 1,536 |
| Location | Bochum, Germany |
| President | Tobias Steinert |
| Head coach | Felix Banobre |
| Website | sparkassenstars.de |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital

abstract: Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital (SKMCH) is a private medical college based in Rajbiraj, Nepal. The institute was established in 2004 and operates autonomously under the Tribhuvan University. It is promoted by the Sai Krishna Foundation for Health and Medical Sciences (P) Ltd.. The governing Body of SKMCH is the Medical Council of Nepal, and the Governing Ministry is the Ministry of Education & Sports of Nepal.

text:
# Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital

**Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital** (**SKMCH**) is a private medical college based in Rajbiraj, Nepal. The institute was established in 2004 and operates autonomously under the Tribhuvan University. It is promoted by the Sai Krishna Foundation for Health and Medical Sciences (P) Ltd.. The governing Body of SKMCH is the *Medical Council of Nepal*, and the Governing Ministry is the *Ministry of Education & Sports* of Nepal.

## Location

Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital is located in Rajbiraj, Saptari, Nepal. It has a 300-bed hospital at Rajbiraj and will also be seeking the Sagarmatha Hospital/Government Hospital as its teaching hospital to enable the students to have more practice and observation skills. **SKMCH** has acquired 16 bighas of land in Rupni, Saptari district area and proposes to construct a 700-bed multi specialty fully automated hospital one of its kind in the region.

Rajbiraj being the only modern days planned town of Nepal-was established in 1942 AD, simulating the “Prastara “planning concept of the Pink City of Jaipur. Population based on Census 2001 is 30,353. Rajbiraj has long been considered an environmentally most suitable place for dwelling purposes. A research study conducted by TU/IOE has found Rajbiraj to be most suitable for Regional Level educational establishment/ training centers.

Establishment of medical college or training institutes for health workers will highly facilitate the poor patients of Saptari, Siraha and Udaypur Districts – who at present go to Dharan, Biratnagar, Kathmandu and Darbhanga (India) for medical treatment. The all around development of Rajbiraj is contingent on the improvements in transport linkage to Indian border towns or railroad head points. Upgrading of existing road networks (such as Hulaki road) to year-round accessibility status is also highly demanded.

## Further reading

* Gupta, Basant (2013). *SKMCH*. Rajbiraj Today. ISBN 978-1-4165-7878-9.

## InfoBox

Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private Medical College |
| Established | 2004 |
| President | Sai Krishna Foundation for Health and Medical Sciences (P) Ltd. |
| Location | Rajbiraj, Nepal<br>26°32′29″N 86°45′22″E / 26.541328°N 86.756034°E / 26.541328; 86.756034 |
| Nickname | **SKMCH** |
| Affiliations | Tribhuvan University |
| Website | www.educationinfoindia.com/saikrishna |
|  | |


title: Isopropylphenidate

abstract: Isopropylphenidate is a piperidine based stimulant drug, closely related to methylphenidate, but with the methyl ester replaced by an isopropyl ester. It has similar effects to methylphenidate but with a longer duration of action, and was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from April 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug. It has been researched as potential methylphenidate replacement for ADHD and narcolepsy, because of fewer side effects.

text:
# Isopropylphenidate

**Isopropylphenidate** (also known as **IPH** and **IPPD**) is a piperidine based stimulant drug, closely related to methylphenidate, but with the methyl ester replaced by an isopropyl ester. It has similar effects to methylphenidate but with a longer duration of action, and was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from April 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug.

It has been researched as potential methylphenidate replacement for ADHD and narcolepsy, because of fewer side effects.

## InfoBox

Isopropylphenidate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * propan-2-yl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H23NO2 |
| Molar mass | 261.365 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C2CCCCN2 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C16H23NO2/c1-12(2)19-16(18)15(13-8-4-3-5-9-13)14-10-6-7-11-17-14/h3-5,8-9,12,14-15,17H,6-7,10-11H2,1-2H3 * Key:AZVPADMEIMLODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: Glenn W. Turner

abstract: Glenn Wesley Turner (1934–2020) was a salesman best known for his Orlando, Florida based multi-level marketing cosmetic company Koscot Interplanetary, Inc. Turner and Koscot became entangled in numerous legal difficulties and Koscot went out of business in the 1970s. In 1987 Turner was convicted on charges of conspiracy, fraud and operating a pyramid scheme, and sentenced to seven years in prison.

text:
# Glenn W. Turner

**Glenn Wesley Turner** (1934–2020) was a salesman best known for his Orlando, Florida based multi-level marketing cosmetic company **Koscot Interplanetary, Inc.** Turner and Koscot became entangled in numerous legal difficulties and Koscot went out of business in the 1970s. In 1987 Turner was convicted on charges of conspiracy, fraud and operating a pyramid scheme, and sentenced to seven years in prison.

## Early life

Turner was a son of a sharecropper in a South Carolina tobacco farm and an unwed mother. He was born with a cleft palate and a hare lip; surgery to correct them left a scar for which he was bullied until he dropped out of school in the eighth grade. Turner was described as semiliterate. During his adult life, he had a speech impediment. He served briefly in the U.S. Air Force before successfully graduating from a school for those who had dropped out of high school.

## Multi-level marketing success

Turner started out selling sewing machines, and also worked briefly for Holiday Magic—a multi-level marketing company that sold home-care products and cosmetics, and through related companies sold self-improvement programs. In the late 1960s he became an entrepreneur, founding Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc. By 1972 he owned an estimated 70 companies, including Dare to Be Great, a multi-level marketing company founded in 1969 which sold motivational and self-improvement courses. The combined number of Koscot and Dare To Be Great employees was estimated to be around 500,000.

What reportedly made Turner "really rich", however, was Koscot Interplanetary Inc. (Koscot stood for "Kosmetics for the Communities of Tomorrow"), founded on August 27, 1967. Koscot and Dare to be Great grew rapidly and Turner became famous. At one point 60,000 people in 40 states and Canada worked for his businesses. By the spring of 1969, Turner was living in a large home on Lake Maitland near Orlando Florida, and "had eight Cadillacs and a Rolls-Royce, three Learjets and a closetful of tailor-made suits and alligator shoes". In 1972 he started but did not finish a "$3.5 million white stone castle with a helicopter landing pad" on Bear Gulley Lake, also near Orlando. He was featured in an 11-page article in *Life* magazine in 1971, and was reportedly worth $300 million at the time.

The premise of Koscot was that participants could sell mink oil-based cosmetics door-to-door or at parties. However, the focus of the company was more about selling distributorships than cosmetics. A distributorship was sold for $5,000. Participants could also pay $2,000 to be a supervisor or $5,400 to be a director. These levels (as in "multi-level marketing") would in theory make the participants money by recruiting others to work at levels below them as salespeople, supervisors or directors, paying commissions from orders of cosmetics to those at levels above who recruited them. They would then recruit their own participants to earn commissions for themselves. As one news story put it:

> Think about it: One person could sell 10 distributorships, and each of the 10 could sell 10 more, and so on. The distributors could make thousands. The guy at the top could make millions. ... Turner had a talent for making people believe in him. His sales rallies became legend. ... At the meeting Turner's proteges would run to the stage in their flashy suits and fancy shoes, with $100 or even $1,000 bills pinned to their lapels. They drove new Cadillacs and wore alligator shoes. "And so can you," they would tell the crowd. "All you have to do is believe it."

Turner's "rags to riches" story was to be an inspiration for others to buy franchises so that "they could all be rich and successful like him".

He warned his would-be millionaires that nefarious elites conspired against their success, and would try to talk them out of joining Koscot, telling a Houston Koscot meeting in January 1970:

> "Everybody is trying to frighten the little people because this nation is controlled by 2 percent of the people ... They are jerking the strings and every time we get a little bit out of line, they start working on the leaders. They start trying to chip away at them. They start by lobbying up in Washington.

To form the pyramids of success, however, many directors, larger numbers of supervisors, salespeople and still more customers were needed.

> ... what would happen when these distributorships reached the saturation point, when there was no one left to buy a distributorship, and so many people selling cosmetics that it was impossible to recover the large investment from the small cosmetics commissions?

When some salespeople found customers in short supply, Turner encouraged them to “'fake it until you make it,' by wearing expensive clothes and waving around $100 bills to lure in others".

### Koscot

As Pyramid schemes being illegal in most states, Koscot became involved in substantial litigation from government agencies and Koscot's customers. The first major lawsuit was filed in October 1969, by "14 Koscot distributors in Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana" over Turner's failure "to pay promised dividends."

According to one report, he was the target of prosecutors "in more than 30 states". Disillusioned recruits testified against Turner or his companies, and one judge cited the phrase 'fake it until you make it', as "evidence of malfeasance". In 1971, the Federal Trade Commission filed a lawsuit against Koscot, charging restraint of trade. In August 1972, he was charged with "86 counts of sale of unregistered securities and failing to register as a dealer".

The Securities and Exchange Commission also filed a lawsuit in 1972 charging that Koscot's program should be considered a security and comply with securities laws and regulations. The FTC's decision on Koscot set a precedent for defining if a company is engaging in illegal pyramiding.

In 1973, a federal judge in Pittsburgh combined more than 1,000 lawsuits by unhappy Koscot investors and regulatory officials into "a single class-action lawsuit seeking more than $900 million." Turner, attorney F. Lee Bailey, and eight others were also indicted by a federal grand jury on conspiracy and mail fraud charges. The indictment said that Bailey had appeared in a film made for Turner's organization and had appeared with Turner at several rallies. A nine-month trial ended in a hung jury. Charges were then dropped against Bailey. In 1975, Turner pleaded guilty to a single charge of violating securities laws and was given probation, avoiding prison but financially beaten, "his empire in ruins. After Koscot was sold in bankruptcy, the new owner found that it "had generated $169 million, still had assets of $11 million, but owed $33 million."

Turner ran in the Democratic primary for the United States Senate election in Florida, 1974, but lost. He also lost running for state senate in 1978.

### Challenge

In 1979, his fortune gone, he attempted a comeback with another motivational company called Challenge, Inc., which led to more legal difficulties. According to one report he was convicted of running a pyramid scheme in Arizona in 1985 and released after five years in prison. Another reported him sentenced to seven years in prison in 1987, after being convicted along with Edward Rector, on charges of conspiracy, fraud and operating a pyramid scheme. He told reporters as he was led away to jail: “The good that I have done outweighs the bad. A technicality of the law is what got me.”

## Legacy

Turner died in his home in Lake Mary, Florida, in 2020. Columnist Helaine Olen noted that despite having been "all but omnipresent in American life", at the peak of his success, his death met with almost no media or public attention. Roger Roy writes that of the "untold number" of former Koscot and Dare to be Great believers, "most seem anxious to forget the Koscot heydays, and some seem embarrassed by their association with Turner".

Also commenting on his conspicuously quiet passing, Jim Ridolphi tells of friends who spent their weekends "traveling the backroads of the Carolinas in a high energy house party" selling Turner's Challenge product.

> "And, then as suddenly as it had started, it all ended and there was never another mention of the Challenge or Glenn Turner. ... To this day I’ve never heard one of them mention the Challenge or Glenn Turner. I can only assume it didn’t end well for them."

But while Turner's name is not well remembered, his technique, Olen argues, has had great influence on American culture. His slogan “fake it until you make it”, came to express "the scrappy, optimistic mind-set of American hustle culture". But Turner and the 21st century figures like Elizabeth Holmes, Sam Bankman-Fried, and George Santos demonstrate that it can be easy to fake it, but much more difficult to make it.

* *SEC v. Koscot Interplanetary*, 497 F.2d 473 (1974)
* *In Re Koscot Interplanetary Inc.*, 86 F.T.C. 11106 (1975) Archived 2017-02-09 at the Wayback Machine

## Further reading

* Robinson, Kenneth Michael. *The Great American Mail-Fraud Trial*. Nash Publications. 1976. ISBN 9780840213679 (Kenneth Michael Robinson was the defense attorney for Koscot)
* Maxa, Rudy. *Dare to Be Great: The Unauthorized Story of Glenn Turner*. Morrow. 1977 ISBN 9780688031015 (Rudy Maxa was an investigative journalist for the *Washington Post*)
* Frasca, John. *Con Man or Saint?*. Droke House. 1969.
* Frasca, John. *The Unstoppable Glenn Turner*. Pyramid Publications. 1972.
* Frasca, John. *GWT Changed the World for Me: The Story of Glenn W. Turner - Motivational Genius*. Pyramid Publications. 1972 (John Frasca was a Pulitzer Prize-winning former investigative journalist at the *Tampa Tribune*, who became Glenn Turner's publicist)
* Olen, Helaine (27 February 2023). "Opinion This all-but-forgotten con man sold America on 'fake it till you make it'". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.


title: Red Mountain (King County, Washington)

abstract: Red Mountain is a 5,890-foot (1,795-metre) mountain summit located in King County of Washington state. It is set within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness which is part of the Cascade Range. Red Mountain is situated three miles north of Snoqualmie Pass on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Lundin Peak, 0.7 mi (1.1 km) to the northwest. Precipitation runoff on the north side of the mountain drains into Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River, whereas the south side of the mountain drains into the South Fork Snoqualmie River via Commonwealth Creek.

text:
# Red Mountain (King County, Washington)

**Red Mountain** is a 5,890-foot (1,795-metre) mountain summit located in King County of Washington state. It is set within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness which is part of the Cascade Range. Red Mountain is situated three miles north of Snoqualmie Pass on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Lundin Peak, 0.7 mi (1.1 km) to the northwest. Precipitation runoff on the north side of the mountain drains into Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River, whereas the south side of the mountain drains into the South Fork Snoqualmie River via Commonwealth Creek.

## Climate

Red Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.

Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months of July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

## Geology

The Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape. The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of that recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.

## InfoBox

| Red Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Red Mountain seen from Guye Peak | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,890 ft (1,795 m) |
| Prominence | 530 ft (162 m) |
| Parent peak | Snoqualmie Mountain (6,278 ft) |
| Isolation | 1.3 mi (2.1 km) |
| Coordinates | 47°27′22″N 121°23′21″W / 47.456061°N 121.389165°W / 47.456061; -121.389165 |
| Geography | |
| Red MountainLocation in Washington | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | King |
| Protected area | Alpine Lakes Wilderness |
| Parent range | Cascade Range |
| Topo map | USGS *Snoqualmie Pass* |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 1898 W.C. Mendenhall |
| Easiest route | Scrambling |


title: Tofty, Alaska

abstract: Tofty is a ghost town in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was a gold-mining town known for its high production.

text:
# Tofty, Alaska

**Tofty** is a ghost town in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was a gold-mining town known for its high production.

## Location

Tofty is located at approximately 65°6′31″N 150°31′55″W / 65.10861°N 150.53194°W / 65.10861; -150.53194. It is about 15 miles west of Manley Hot Springs (25 miles by road), and approx. 91 miles West Northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska (175 miles by road). Tofty is located beyond the end of the Elliot Highway (Alaska Highway 2) and at the end of Tofty Road.

## Tofty Road

Tofty Road leaves the Elliot Highway to the North about 1/2 mile East of Manley Hot Springs. The State of Alaska has worked to maintain the road since the completion of the connecting Tanana Road. It is a one-lane dirt road with some recent improvements in the form of new culverts and the addition of gravel to areas that are very muddy during wet conditions. The road has a couple of fords over creeks that are not in culverts. The Tofty Road can be challenging in the spring and is plowed in winter but can be temporarily impassable due to snow or overflow.

## InfoBox

| Tofty | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| ToftyLocation within the state of Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 65°05′36″N 150°52′38″W / 65.09333°N 150.87722°W / 65.09333; -150.87722 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census area | Yukon-Koyukuk |
| Government | |
| State senator | Click Bishop () |
| State rep. | Dave Talerico (R) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |


title: Wei River (Shandong and Henan)

abstract: The Wei or Wey River is a river in northern Henan, southern Hebei, and western Shandong in China. Beginning in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in Xinxiang County in Henan, the river's former course extended past Dezhou to the Bohai Sea but these lower reaches were fully incorporated into the Grand Canal under the Yuan. The Wei now serves as a tributary to the canal, joining it at Linqing, Shandong. As such, its watershed forms part of the South-North Water Diversion Project.

text:
# Wei River (Shandong and Henan)

The **Wei** or **Wey River** is a river in northern Henan, southern Hebei, and western Shandong in China.

Beginning in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in Xinxiang County in Henan, the river's former course extended past Dezhou to the Bohai Sea but these lower reaches were fully incorporated into the Grand Canal under the Yuan. The Wei now serves as a tributary to the canal, joining it at Linqing, Shandong. As such, its watershed forms part of the South-North Water Diversion Project.

## InfoBox

| Wei River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Literal meaning | River of the former state of Wey |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Wèi Hé  Wade–Giles Wei Ho | |
|  | |


title: Heck Seamount

abstract: The Heck Seamount is a seamount located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of central Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

text:
# Heck Seamount

The **Heck Seamount** is a seamount located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of central Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

## InfoBox

| Heck Seamount | |
| --- | --- |
| Heck SeamountLocation of Heck Seamount | |
| Summit depth | 1,320 m (4,331 ft) |
| Location | |
| Location | North Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 48°30′N 130°00′W / 48.500°N 130.000°W / 48.500; -130.000 |
| Country | Canada |
| Geology | |
| Type | Submarine volcano |


title: It's Time (Max Roach album)

abstract: It's Time is a 1962 album by jazz drummer Max Roach, released on Impulse! Records which also features trumpeter Richard Williams, tenor saxophonist Clifford Jordan, trombonist Julian Priester, pianist Mal Waldron, bassist Art Davis, and a vocal choir conducted by Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson. Singer Abbey Lincoln appears on "Lonesome Lover".

text:
# It's Time (Max Roach album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Down Beat* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |
| Tom Hull | B+ () |

***It's Time*** is a 1962 album by jazz drummer Max Roach, released on Impulse! Records which also features trumpeter Richard Williams, tenor saxophonist Clifford Jordan, trombonist Julian Priester, pianist Mal Waldron, bassist Art Davis, and a vocal choir conducted by Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson. Singer Abbey Lincoln appears on "Lonesome Lover".

## Track listing

*All composed by Max Roach*

1. "It's Time" – 6:44
2. "Another Valley" – 8:46
3. "Sunday Afternoon" – 6:16
4. "Living Room" – 7:31
5. "The Profit" – 7:32
6. "Lonesome Lover" – 7:02

*Recorded on February 15 (tracks 1, 4), February 26 (tracks 2, 5), February 27 (tracks 3, 6), 1962.*

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| It's Time | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Max Roach | |
| Released | 1962 |
| Recorded | February 15, 26–27, 1962 |
| Studio | Fine Recording Ballroom Studio A
New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 43:51 |
| Label | Impulse!
A-16 |
| Producer | Bob Thiele |
| Max Roach chronology | |
| *Percussion Bitter Sweet*
(1961) ***It's Time***
(1962) *Money Jungle*
(1963) | |


title: Glenn W. Smith

abstract: Glenn W. Smith is an author, activist and political consultant.

text:
# Glenn W. Smith

**Glenn W. Smith** (born September 30, 1953 in Houston, Texas) is an author, activist and political consultant.

## Biography

Smith was a journalist for the *Houston Chronicle* from 1979 to 1985 and the *Houston Post* from 1985 to 1988. He covered state and national political affairs before leaving journalism to work for then-Texas Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby in early 1988. He subsequently worked for the late U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen, and managed Ann Richards' 1990 primary victory in her successful campaign for Governor of Texas.

Throughout the 1990s Smith designed public affairs campaigns for a variety of state and national clients. A managing director of Public Strategies, Inc., he wrote and produced award-winning communications for broadcast and direct mail, and designed communications strategies for business, universities, activist groups, and progressive candidates.

Smith left Public Strategies in 2001 and launched his own company, Affinity Dynamics, Inc. ADI provides strategic media, advertising and communications consulting to a variety of non-governmental organizations, businesses, political campaigns and advocacy groups. In 2003 Smith managed MoveOn.org's campaign against Tom DeLay's mid-decade congressional redistricting.

Smith has taught "religion and politics" at the Starr King School for the Ministry in Berkeley, California. He sponsored and organized national events with progressive religious leaders, including events challenging the Right Wing's "Justice Sunday" rallies in 2005, a celebration of Martin Luther King Jr. at Riverside Church in New York City, and "Freedom and Faith" bus tours throughout the northeast and mid-west.

Smith is the author of *The Politics of Deceit* (2004) and *Unfit Commander* (2004). He is director of the Texas Progress Council, a progressive think tank in Austin, and was a senior fellow at George Lakoff's Rockridge Institute in Berkeley.

## Works

* *The Politics of Deceit* (2004, Wiley)