title: Montane shaggy rat

abstract:
The montane shaggy rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found in Uganda and possibly Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and swampland. It is threatened by habitat loss. In terms of appearance it is of moderate size compared to others in its genus Dasymys, with dark grey long, fine, hair. It has a fairly short tail compared to its size.

text:
# Montane shaggy rat

The **montane shaggy rat** (***Dasymys montanus***) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Uganda and possibly Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and swampland. It is threatened by habitat loss. In terms of appearance it is of moderate size compared to others in its genus Dasymys, with dark grey long, fine, hair. It has a fairly short tail compared to its size (roughly 70% of its body's size).

## Additional references

* Musser, G. G.; Carleton, M. D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1317. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

## InfoBox

| Montane shaggy rat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Genus: | *Dasymys* |
| Species: | ***D. montanus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dasymys montanus***
Thomas, 1906 | |
|


title: One World: The Ethics of Globalisation

abstract: One World: The Ethics of Globalisation is a 2002 book about globalization by the philosopher Peter Singer. In the book, Singer applies moral philosophy to four issues: the impact of human activity on the atmosphere; international trade regulation; the concept of national sovereignty; and the distribution of aid. One World Now is an updated version of the book, published in 2016.

text:
# One World: The Ethics of Globalisation

***One World: The Ethics of Globalisation*** is a 2002 book about globalization by the philosopher Peter Singer. In the book, Singer applies moral philosophy to four issues: the impact of human activity on the atmosphere; international trade regulation (and the World Trade Organization); the concept of national sovereignty; and the distribution of aid.

***One World Now*** is an updated version of the book, published in 2016.

## InfoBox

One World: The Ethics of Globalisation
| Cover of the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Peter Singer |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Globalization |
| Publisher | Yale University Press |
| Publication date | 2002 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 208 |
| ISBN | 978-0-300-09686-6 |


title: Milton Locks

abstract: Milton Locks is a 1-hectare (2.5-acre) nature reserve in Milton in Hampshire. It is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust. This site on Portsea Island has grassland, a wood and a beach. There are saltmarsh plants such as sea purslane, sea aster and common saltmarsh-grass. The wood provides shelter for starlings and house sparrows.

text:
# Milton Locks

**Milton Locks** is a 1-hectare (2.5-acre) nature reserve in Milton in Hampshire. It is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

This site on Portsea Island has grassland, a wood and a beach. There are saltmarsh plants such as sea purslane, sea aster and common saltmarsh-grass. The wood provides shelter for starlings and house sparrows.

50°47′35″N 1°02′31″W / 50.793°N 1.042°W / 50.793; -1.042

## InfoBox

| Milton Locks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Nature reserve |
| Location | Milton, Portsmouth, Hampshire |
| OS grid | SZ 6765 9975 |
| Area | 1 hectare (2.5 acres) |
| Managed by | Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust |


title: Lambhua

abstract: Lambhua is a town, tehsil, and a Nagar panchayat in Sultanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the National Highway 731.

text:
# Lambhua

**Lambhua** is a town, tehsil, and a Nagar panchayat in Sultanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the National Highway 731.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Lambhua had a population of 8201. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lambhua has an average literacy rate of 82.66%, more than the state average of 67.68%: male literacy is 90.59%, and female literacy is 73.92%.

## Transportation

### Rail

Lambhua is well connected with major cities of India through the Indian Railways network. Lambhua Railway Station comes under Northern Zone of Indian Railways. Some important trains from Lambhua are the Varuna Express to Lucknow Varanasi, Kanpur, the Howrah Amritsar Express connecting Kolkata and Amritsar, Sadbhawna Express to Bihar, and the Farakka Express to Delhi and Kota Patna express connecting Kota, Patna and other stations.

### Road

Lamhua is situated on the National Highway 56(NH-56), 154 km from Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh and about 128 Km from Holi city Varanasi. State highway connects Lambhua from Allahabad, 122 km, and Faizabad, situated at 78 km away. State Road Transport buses as well as hired public conveyances are available frequently for these places.

### Air

An upcoming Ayodhya Airport is the nearest airport from Lambhua, Sultanpur.

## Geographic location

Khunshekhpur

## InfoBox

| Lambhua | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| LambhuaLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaLambhuaLambhua (India)LambhuaLambhua (Asia) | |
| Coordinates: 26°08′N 82°13′E / 26.13°N 82.21°E / 26.13; 82.21 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Sultanpur |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 8,201 |
| Language | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Regional | Awadhi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-44 |
| Sex ratio | 1000:1014 / |


title: Queen post

abstract: A queen post is a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post truss. A king post uses one central supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two. Even though it is a tension member, rather than a compression member, they are commonly still called a post. A queen post is often confused with a queen strut, one of two compression members in roof framing which do not form a truss in the engineering sense. The double punch truss appeared in Central Europe during the Renaissance.

text:
# Queen post

A **queen post** is a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post truss. A king post uses one central supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two. Even though it is a tension member, rather than a compression member, they are commonly still called a post. A queen post is often confused with a queen strut, one of two compression members in roof framing which do not form a truss in the engineering sense.

The double punch truss appeared in Central Europe during the Renaissance.

## Architecture

A queen-post bridge has two uprights, placed about one-third of the way from each end of the truss. They are connected across the top by a beam and use a diagonal brace between the outer edges. The central square between the two verticals is either unbraced (on shorter spans), or has one or two diagonal braces for rigidity. A single diagonal reaches between opposite corners; two diagonal braces may either reach from the bottom of each upright post to the center of the upper beam, or form a corner-to-corner "X" inside the square.

## InfoBox

Queen Post
| Interior structure of a covered bridge that uses a queen-post structure | |
| --- | --- |
| Ancestor | Truss bridge |
| Related | None |
| Descendant | None |
| Carries | Pedestrians, livestock, vehicles |
| Span range | short to medium |
| Material | wood planks |
| Movable | No |
| Design effort | medium |
| Falsework required | Sometimes |


title: Frans Post

abstract: Frans Janszoon Post was a painter during the Dutch Golden Age. He was the first European artist to paint landscapes of the Americas, during and after the period of Dutch Brazil. In 1636 he traveled to Dutch Brazil in northeast of South America at the invitation of the governor Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen. His works were widely collected in The Netherlands, Europe, and Brazil, with the works showing an idealized vision of Dutch colonial rule.

text:
# Frans Post

**Frans Janszoon Post** (17 November 1612  17 February 1680) was a painter during the Dutch Golden Age. He was the first European artist to paint landscapes of the Americas, during and after the period of Dutch Brazil. In 1636 he traveled to Dutch Brazil in northeast of South America at the invitation of the governor Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen. His works were widely collected in The Netherlands, Europe, and Brazil, with the works showing an idealized vision of Dutch colonial rule.

## Biography

Post was born in Haarlem and was the son of Jan Janszoon Post, a highly regarded glass painter trained in Leiden, and Francijntje Verbraken of Haarlem. His elder brother was Pieter Post, one of the most important architects of Dutch classicism. Little is known of his life before his trip to Brazil.

He was born in Haarlem circa 1612 and he most likely received his early training from his father and his elder brother. He was a contemporary of Frans Hals, who painted his portrait, and prominent Haarlem landscape painters such as the brothers Jacob and Salomon van Ruysdael, Adriaen and Isaac van Ostade, and in particular Pieter de Molijn. It is likely that a Dutch master also taught him before he left for Brazil, though he was not registered in the guild until after his return. Although it is not universally accepted, Post scholar Erik Larsen believes De Molijn was the master under whom Post studied, because Molyn is mentioned in Houbraken as the teacher of several other landscape painters, such as Allart van Everdingen.

Post won a commission at court likely through the connections of his older brother and was encouraged to travel abroad by John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen. At the time, Haarlem experienced an outbreak of the plague, so that his going to Brazil may have seemed a good option. Post lived in Brazil from 1637 to 1644. He received 800 guilders for a landscape painting in the West Indies commissioned by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, leading Larsen to believe that Post set out for The Netherlands via Africa shortly before Nassau departed Brazil. After he returned to The Netherlands, he joined the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1646, and was appointed officer in 1656–7 and 1658. In 1650, he married Jannetje Bogaert, the daughter of Professor Salomon Bogaert of the Haarlem ‘Latijnsche School’. He had two sons, who died before his death and one daughter that did survive him, but died shortly thereafter.

Post continued to paint Brazilian scenes until 1669, and the lack of dated paintings in the 1670s suggests he stopped ten years before his death. Whitehead and Boeseman claim that Post developed an alcohol problem, which may be the reason, so little is known of the last decade of his life. He died in Haarlem and was buried in the St. Bavochurch on February 17, 1680.

## Work

Post produced approximately 140 paintings during his lifetime. Of these, nearly half are dated, making it possible to track the evolution of his work between 1637, the day he landed in Brazil, and 1669, the date of his last letter. The paintings Post produced while he was in Brazil drastically differ from those he painted after he left Brazil. While he was in Brazil, he produced a large number of sketches and etchings, but only completed six paintings. They are the paintings dated from 1637–1640, and later presented by Nassau to Louis XIV in 1679.

His Brazilian works strongly resemble the landscapes by his Haarlem contemporaries in terms of composition, style, and technique. Wolfgang Stechow describes Post’s landscapes as ‘the old bottle filled with new wine’. These works depict specific locations in Dutch Brazil, identifiable because of the representation of recognizable topography and buildings; most also include water. Post includes a selection of Brazilian vegetation, and occasionally features birds and other small animals in the foreground. These may have been inspired by his traveling companion, the naturalist Georg Marcgraf. The skies are a curious gray, seemingly heavy with rain, an aspect that is emphasized by the fact that they take up at least half the canvas. The subdued color scheme, especially when compared to his post-Brazilian production, lends them a somber almost reverential quality characteristic of Dutch tonal landscapes from the 1620s to the 1640s.

## Brazilian landscapes from Haarlem

Post continued to paint images of Brazil upon his return to The Netherlands in 1642; however, his work undergoes a radical transformation. In addition to Post’s wonderful imagination, the evolution of his work may also be consequent of a change in popular style. The further he was from Brazil, in both time and space, the more imaginary his paintings became as he incorporated bright colors and exotic elements. Those paintings executed in The Netherlands have brighter colors with dark foliage framing an idealized baroque composition. These works are in striking contrast to the stark, realistic qualities of his early work. The landscapes are open, full of resources, and most important, conquered. They evolve to show a more condensed view and desired depth with greener flora, bluer skies, and brighter horizons. However, the horizontal blues advancing towards the middle distance accentuate the difference in color. This deep blue may be a disintegration of the green pigment, which results from the disappearance of yellows, while the blues remain.

Upon Post’s return to The Netherlands, he also increased the number of figures and incorporated greater diversity into his work. Nearly every painting he completed in The Netherlands includes a large group of people interacting in some way, whether they are dancing or working in the sugar mills. Typically, these figures are slaves. Unlike his Brazilian work, the figures are no longer subjects placed in the foreground; instead, they seem to become part of the landscape. Four of the six paintings completed in Brazil only have a few figures, with the exception of Porto Calvo (1639) depicting more, and The River of São Francisco (1638), which does not have any figures. While Post was in charge of documenting the land, Albert Eckhout, another one of Nassau’s artists, was in charge of documenting the native people.

## Further reading

* Brienen, Rebecca Parker, "Albert Eckhout and Frans Post: Two Dutch Artists in Colonial Brazil" in Edward Sullivan, ed. *Brazil Body and Soul*. New York: Guggenheim Museum 2001, 62–74.
* Brienen, Rebecca Parker, "Who Owns Frans Post? Collecting Frans Post's Brazilian Landscapes" in Michiel van Groesen, ed. *The Legacy of Dutch Brazil*. New York: Cambridge University Press 2014, pp. 229–247.
* Corrêa do Lago, Pedro and Bia Corrêa do Lago, *Frans Post (1612–1680): Catalogue Raissoné*. rev. English translation. Milan: 5 Continents Editions 2007.
* Larsen, Erik. *Frans Post, interprète du Brésil*. Amsterdam: Colibris Editora 1962.
* Sousa-Leão, Joaquim de. *Frans Post 1612–1680*. Amsterdam: Van Gendt 1973.
* Stechow, Wolfgang. *Dutch Landscape Painting of the Seventeenth Century*. London: Phaidon 1968.

## InfoBox

| Frans Post | |
| --- | --- |
| *Portrait of Frans Post* by Frans Hals | |
| Born | Frans Janszoon
1612
Haarlem |
| Died | February 17, 1680(1680-02-17) (aged 67)
Haarlem |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Education | Haarlem Guild of St. Luke |
| Known for | Painting |
| Notable work | Landscape art |
| Movement | Baroque |
|  | |
| Patron(s) | Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen |
|  | |


title: Nagybánya artists' colony

abstract: The Nagybánya artists' colony was an art colony in Nagybánya, a town in eastern Hungary that became Baia Mare in Romania after World War I. The colony started as a summer retreat for artists, mainly painters from Simon Hollósy's szabadiskola in Munich. The original group focused on plein-air painting. It was Hollósy's idea to have a summer school in a small town. Fellow artists Károly Ferenczy, Béla Iványi-Grünwald, István Réti and János Thorma were involved with the founding of the artists' colony. The colony attracted many artists from Hungary interested in learning the plein-air style taught by Hollósy in the bright atmosphere of Nagybánya. The colony held its first exhibition in 1897 at the Műcsarnok. It was well received by some critics as reflecting the new and innovative style of European painting and ridiculed by other critics for its departure from traditional forms and techniques. Through the course of its existence the teachers and students worked in the emerging modern styles such as Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, and Symbolism. Some styles were adopted and some rejected, along with the allegiance of various artists. Hollósy influence at the colony was overtaken by the style of Károly Ferenczy. Hollósy departed around 1901 to open another school in Técső, Kingdom of Hungary. The colony in Nagybánya continued under the administration of the four remaining founders and renamed the Ingyenes festőiskola. In 1910 founder Grünwald left to run the Kecskemét Artist's Colony in Kecskemét, Hungary. In the 1910s attendance at Nagybánya continued but lagged due to World War I and the difficulty of travel. In 1927, the school was handed over to a new generation of painters and renamed Szépművészeti Iskola. In 1935 the school property and colony was taken over by the town as part of the rise of the fascist Iron Guard. In 1937 the group dissolved. The property was used as a barracks for a time and attempts to revive the property as an art school were unsuccessful. In 1966 the Hungarian National Gallery had retrospective titled The Art of Nagybánya. Centennial Exhibition in Celebration of the Artists' Colony in Nagybánya.

text:
# Nagybánya artists' colony

The **Nagybánya artists' colony** was an art colony in Nagybánya, a town in eastern Hungary that became Baia Mare in Romania after World War I. The colony started as a summer retreat for artists, mainly painters from Simon Hollósy's *szabadiskola* (Free School) in Munich. The original group focused on plein-air painting.

It was Hollósy's idea to have a summer school in a small town. Fellow artists Károly Ferenczy, Béla Iványi-Grünwald, István Réti and János Thorma were involved with the founding of the artists' colony. The colony attracted many artists from Hungary interested in learning the plein-air style taught by Hollósy in the bright atmosphere of Nagybánya. The colony held its first exhibition in 1897 at the *Műcsarnok.* It was well received by some critics as reflecting the new and innovative style of European painting and ridiculed by other critics for its departure from traditional forms and techniques. Through the course of its existence the teachers and students worked in the emerging modern styles such as Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, and Symbolism. Some styles were adopted and some rejected, along with the allegiance of various artists.

Hollósy influence at the colony was overtaken by the style of Károly Ferenczy. Hollósy departed around 1901 to open another school in Técső, Kingdom of Hungary (now western Ukraine). The colony in Nagybánya continued under the administration of the four remaining founders and renamed the *Ingyenes festőiskola* (Free Painting School). In 1910 founder Grünwald left to run the *Kecskemét Artist's Colony* in Kecskemét, Hungary. In the 1910s attendance at Nagybánya continued but lagged due to World War I and the difficulty of travel.

In 1927, the school was handed over to a new generation of painters and renamed *Szépművészeti Iskola* (School of Fine Arts). In 1935 the school property and colony was taken over by the town as part of the rise of the fascist Iron Guard. In 1937 the group dissolved. The property was used as a barracks for a time and attempts to revive the property as an art school were unsuccessful.

In 1966 the Hungarian National Gallery had retrospective titled *The Art of Nagybánya. Centennial Exhibition in Celebration of the Artists' Colony in Nagybánya.*

## Associated artists

## InfoBox

Nagybánya artists' colony
|
|  |
| Formation | 1896 |
| Founder | Simon Hollósy |
| Dissolved | 1937 (1937) |
| Purpose | private art academy |
| Location |  |


title: Wax thermostatic element

abstract: The wax thermostatic element was invented in 1934 by Sergius Vernet (1899–1968). Its principal application is in automotive thermostats used in the engine cooling system. The first applications in the plumbing and heating industries were in Sweden (1970) and in Switzerland (1971). Wax thermostatic elements transform heat energy into mechanical energy using the thermal expansion of waxes when they melt. This wax motor principle also finds applications besides engine cooling systems, including heating system thermostatic radiator valves, plumbing, industrial, and agriculture.

text:
# Wax thermostatic element

The **wax thermostatic element** was invented in 1934 by Sergius Vernet (1899–1968). Its principal application is in automotive thermostats used in the engine cooling system. The first applications in the plumbing and heating industries were in Sweden (1970) and in Switzerland (1971).

Wax thermostatic elements transform heat energy into mechanical energy using the thermal expansion of waxes when they melt. This wax motor principle also finds applications besides engine cooling systems, including heating system thermostatic radiator valves, plumbing, industrial, and agriculture.

## Automotive thermostats

The internal combustion engine cooling thermostat maintains the temperature of the engine near its optimum operating temperature by regulating the flow of coolant to an air cooled radiator. This regulation is now carried out by an internal thermostat. Conveniently, both the sensing element of the thermostat and its control valve may be placed at the same location, allowing the use of a simple self-contained non-powered thermostat as the primary device for the precise control of engine temperature. Although most vehicles now have a temperature-controlled electric cooling fan, *"the unassisted air stream can provide sufficient cooling up to 95% of the time"* and so such a fan is not the mechanism for primary control of the internal temperature.

Research in the 1920s showed that cylinder wear was aggravated by condensation of fuel when it contacted a cool cylinder wall which removed the oil film. The development of the automatic thermostat in the 1930s solved this problem by ensuring fast engine warm-up.

The first thermostats used a sealed capsule of an organic liquid with a boiling point just below the desired opening temperature. These capsules were made in the form of a cylindrical bellows. As the liquid boiled inside the capsule, the capsule bellows expanded, opening a sheet brass plug valve within the thermostat. As these thermostats could fail in service, they were designed for easy replacement during servicing, usually by being mounted under the water outlet fitting at the top of the cylinder block. Conveniently this was also the hottest accessible part of the cooling circuit, giving a fast response when warming up.

Cooling circuits have a small bypass path even when the thermostat is closed, usually by a small hole in the thermostat. This allows enough flow of cooling water to heat the thermostat when warming up. It also provided an escape route for trapped air when first filling the system. A larger bypass is often provided, through the cylinder block and water pump, so as to keep the rising temperature distribution even.

Work on cooling high-performance aircraft engines in the 1930s led to the adoption of pressurised cooling systems, which became common on post-war cars. As the boiling point of water increases with increasing pressure, these pressurised systems could run at a higher temperature without boiling. This increased both the working temperature of the engine, thus its efficiency, and also the heat capacity of the coolant by volume, allowing smaller cooling systems that required less pump power. A drawback to the bellows thermostat was that it was also sensitive to pressure changes, thus could sometimes be forced shut again by pressure, leading to overheating. The later wax pellet type has a negligible change in its external volume, thus is insensitive to pressure changes. It is otherwise identical in operation to the earlier type. Many cars of the 1950s, or earlier, that were originally built with bellows thermostats were later serviced with replacement wax capsule thermostats, without requiring any change or adaption.

This most common modern form of thermostat now uses a wax pellet inside a sealed chamber. Rather than a liquid-vapour transition, these use a solid-liquid transition, which for waxes is accompanied by a large increase in volume. The wax is solid at low temperatures, and as the engine heats up, the wax melts and expands. The sealed chamber operates a rod which opens a valve when the operating temperature is exceeded. The operating temperature is fixed, but is determined by the specific composition of the wax, so thermostats of this type are available to maintain different temperatures, typically in the range of 70 to 90° (160 to 200°). Modern engines run hot, that is, over 80 °C (180 °F), in order to run more efficiently and to reduce the emission of pollutants.

While the thermostat is closed, there is no flow of coolant in the radiator loop, and coolant water is instead redirected through the engine, allowing it to warm up rapidly while also avoiding hot spots. The thermostat stays closed until the coolant temperature reaches the nominal thermostat opening temperature. The thermostat then progressively opens as the coolant temperature increases to the optimum operating temperature, increasing the coolant flow to the radiator. Once the optimum operating temperature is reached, the thermostat progressively increases or decreases its opening in response to temperature changes, dynamically balancing the coolant recirculation flow and coolant flow to the radiator to maintain the engine temperature in the optimum range as engine heat output, vehicle speed, and outside ambient temperature change. Under normal operating conditions the thermostat is open to about half of its stroke travel, so that it can open further or reduce its opening to react to changes in operating conditions. A correctly designed thermostat will never be fully open or fully closed while the engine is operating normally, or overheating or overcooling would occur.

Engines which require a tighter control of temperature, as they are sensitive to "Thermal shock" caused by surges of coolant, may use a "constant inlet temperature" system. In this arrangement the inlet cooling to the engine is controlled by double-valve thermostat which mixes a re-circulating sensing flow with the radiator cooling flow. These employ a single capsule, but have two valve discs. Thus a very compact, and simple but effective, control function is achieved.

The double-valve thermostat may also regulate the flow of coolant to the carburettor: as long as the temperature of the coolant is relative low, the carburettor will be warmed up, so further speeding up the warming up of the engine.

The wax used within the thermostat is specially manufactured for the purpose. Unlike a standard paraffin wax, which has a relatively wide range of carbon chain lengths, a wax used in the thermostat application has a very narrow range of carbon molecule chains. The extent of the chains is usually determined by the melting characteristics demanded by the specific end application. To manufacture a product in this manner requires very precise levels of distillation.

## Types of elements

### Flat diaphragm element

The temperature sensing material contained in the cup transfers pressure to the piston by means of the diaphragm and the plug, held tightly in position by the guide. On cooling, the initial position of the piston is obtained by means of a return spring. Flat diaphragm elements are particularly noted for their high level of accuracy, and therefore mainly used in sanitary installations and heating.

### Squeeze-push elements

Squeeze-Push elements contain a synthetic rubber sleeve-like component shaped like the 'finger of a glove' which surrounds the piston. As the temperature increases, pressure from the expansion of the thermostatic material moves the piston with a lateral squeeze and a vertical push. As with the flat diaphragm element, the piston returns to its initial position by means of a return spring. These elements are slightly less accurate but provide a longer stroke.

## Properties

The stroke is the movement of the piston in relation to its starting point. The ideal stroke corresponds to the temperature range of the elements. According to the type of element, it can vary from 1.5 mm to 16 mm.

The temperature range lies between the minimum and maximum operating temperature of the element. Elements can cover temperatures ranging from -15 °C to +120 °C. Elements may move in proportion to the temperature change over some part of the range, or may open suddenly around a particular temperature depending on the composition of the waxes.

Hysteresis is the difference noted between the upstroke and down stroke curve on heating and cooling of the element. Hysteresis is caused by the thermal inertia of the element and by the friction between the parts in motion.


title: Philippe Cramer

abstract: Philippe Cramer is a Swiss and American artist whose work focuses on bridging fine art with functional art.

text:
# Philippe Cramer

**Philippe Cramer** (born May 8, 1970) is a Swiss and American artist whose work focuses on bridging fine art with functional art.

## Biography

Cramer was born in New York City and grew up in Geneva. He studied in London at the Sotheby's Institute of Art. He then lived in Paris and New York, where he graduated from Parsons The New School for Design. He lives and works in Geneva.

## Career

Cramer founded his studio in 2001 with the idea of developing a design brand producing limited editions of Swiss made furniture and home accessories. In 2003, he opened his studio in Geneva's Art District, designing, manufacturing and selling to an art and design oriented public. Two years later, the American company Bernardt Design launched Cramer's first furniture line for the US market. That same year, the Museum of Modern Art in New York selected several of his creation for its online and city design stores. He has since worked for institutions and private clients as well as architectural studios, notably for Dom Pérignon, Georg Jensen, Hermès petit h, and Made.com.

A follower of the slow design movement, Cramer is also aware of the social and environmental impact of his products and uses indigenous and sustainable materials wherever possible. He mandates local artisans who revive ancestral techniques in order to produce his objects. Sensitive to the notion of honest design, Cramer looks for the most responsible solutions to create products which are as beautiful as they are simple and sensual. This proximity to local industry, is also reflected in the names he gives his products, often inspired by Swiss mountains, rivers or villages.

Cramer is regularly invited to teach classes, conduct workshops or act as a critic in design schools across Switzerland including the Haute école d'art et de design in Geneva and the Ecole cantonale d'art of Lausanne. He also has been a regular contributor to the Swiss daily Le Temps and the architecture magazine Espaces Contemporains.

The Geneva Museum of Art and History gave Cramer "carte blanche" in an exhibition that he titled "L'Ornement Jamais". The works have been integrated into the Geneva state heritage collections and the tapestry is part of the museum's permanent exhibition. Other institutional collection have works by Cramer: Maison Tavel, Musée de l'Ariana and MUDAC.

Several exhibitions have been dedicated to Philippe Cramer's work, notably: ArtCurial, Swiss Cultural Center of Milan, the Audi Foundation in Beyrout, Gallery S. Bensimon in Paris, Galerie Caroline Freymond in Gstaad, the Spazio Setmani in MIlan, the Audi Foundation in Beyrouth, Sotheby's in Geneva and the Lapidarium museum in Prague. Philippe Cramer's bibliography includes "The New Jewelers" by Olivier Dupon (Thames & Hudson, 2012), "Décor, Design et Industrie" by Alexandre Fiette (Somogy editions, 2010) and "MAH Les Collections du Musée d'art et d'histoire de Genève" (Favre editions, 2019).

He is a member of the Swiss label group.

Cramer has designed the awards for the Young Activists Summit at the Palais des Nations in Geneva. Organized by the United Nations Office in Geneva, Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS) and dev.tv, this event rewarded six young female activists with inspiring backgrounds and achievements. He has also designed the awards for the Fondation Louis-Jeantet prize for medicine.

Profiles of Cramer and photographs of his creations have been published in many leading magazines and newspapers such as V Magazine, Elle Deco, Wallpaper, Elle decoration, AD France, L'Officiel, Le Temps, the Financial Times, Maisons et ambiances, Agefi Immo, Tribune des Arts, Metropolis, Hôtel President Wilson,. He has been interviewed for Swiss Television.

During artgenève 2022, Cramer presented his first NFT serie named "Apotropaic Amulets". These 6 digital artworks in GIF format were minted in an edition of 28 and dropped in April 2022. Cramer then launched his digital gallery in the metaverse called "the Cramerverse" in October 2022.

## Exhibitions

* MAH, "Pas besoin d'un dessin", Geneva, 2022
* ArtGenève, Geneva, 2022-2020-2019-2018-2017
* Kiscelli Muzeum, Budapest, 2021
* Maison Tavel, Geneva, 2019
* Collectible Fair, Brussels, 2019
* Lapidarium, Prague, 2019
* Gallery Ormond Editions, Zürich, 2018
* Sotheby's Art à porter, Geneva, 2018
* Audi Mosaic Museum, Beirut, 2017
* Gallery S. Bensimon, Paris, 2012

1. "Cramer | Musées d'art et d'histoire de Genève". *collections.geneve.ch* (in French). Retrieved 2023-01-09.
2. "| Bernhardt Textiles". Retrieved 2022-09-30.
3. "Vernay di Made.com - Consolle, Contenitori". *Living* (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-01-09.
4. "Philippe Cramer, New York, le Rajasthan et les brumisateurs". *Le Temps* (in French). 2014-12-29. ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
5. "Le Salon de Cartigny revisité – Musée d'art et d'histoire" (in French). Retrieved 2023-01-16.
6. Archer, Nate (2010-11-13). "designboom - philippe cramer: l'ornament jamais". *designboom | architecture & design magazine*. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
7. d'histoire (Genève), Musée d'art et (2010). *Décor, design & industrie: les arts appliqués à Genève* (in French). Somogy. ISBN 978-2-7572-0306-4.
8. V Magazine: page 184. automne, 2008.
9. Elle Deco Fr: pages 38.-42. juillet, 2002.// page 40. novembre 2018
10. Wallpaper: pages 164-166. octobre, 2001.
11. Elle Decoration UK: pages 130-140. June, 2006.
12. Maisons et ambiances: pages 48-49. janvier, 2019.
13. Agefi Immo: pages 16-17, mars, 2018.
14. Tribune des Arts: page 22, novembre, 2018.
15. Metropolis: page 50. February, 2005.
16. Hôtel President Wilson: pages 76.-80., magazine, 2018.
17. *Ramdam - Philippe Cramer artiste-designer explique pourquoi il s'intéresse aux NFT - Play RTS* (in French), retrieved 2023-01-16
18. *A.R.C. Appellation Romande Contrôlée - Philippe Cramer - Play RTS* (in French), retrieved 2023-01-16
19. "Philippe Cramer's Aesthetic Metaverse | Art Vista". *art-vista.com*. Retrieved 2023-01-16.

## Articles

* Von Westersheimb, Kay (2006-06-01). "Balancing Act". Elle Decoration UK. pp. 130–140.
* Vinson, Nick (2007-08-04). "Touches of Glass". The Financial Times, House & Home. p. 9.
* Hyde, Mireille (2005-02-01). "Clear Intentions". Metropolis. p. 50.
* Bauer, Sacha (2001-11-01). "Crossover". *Vogue Germany*. p. 194.

## InfoBox

| Philippe Cramer | |
| --- | --- |
| Cramer in 2020 | |
| Born | (1970-05-08) May 8, 1970
New York, U.S |
| Nationality | Swiss
American |
| Education | Parsons The New School for Design, New York, USA |
| Known for | Furniture design, product design, jewelry design and art. |
| Notable work |  |
| Website | http://www.philippecramer.com/ |


title: One Time (AKA song)

abstract: "One Time" is a non-album single by South African rapper and songwriter AKA, released on 25 April 2016 through Vth Season with exclusive license from SME Africa. The single was certified Diamond in South Africa in late 2019, thus marked AKA the inaugural South African hip hop artist to score the certificate. In 2019. "Dreamwork" hit 1,700,000 units and over 2,000,000 streams and was certified 5× Diamond, making the rapper the first South African artist to reach the Diamond status. The very same night at a private dinner in Bryanston, Johannesburg it was announced that "One Time" was also certified Diamond, and "Caiphus song" and "The World Is Yours" were certified 8× Platinum, Forbes celebrated the success with a tweet posing with the plaques.

text:
# One Time (AKA song)

"**One Time**" is a non-album single by South African rapper and songwriter AKA, released on 25 April 2016 through Vth Season with exclusive license from SME Africa. The single was certified Diamond in South Africa in late 2019, thus marked AKA the inaugural South African hip hop artist to score the certificate.

In 2019. "Dreamwork" hit 1,700,000 units and over 2,000,000 streams and was certified 5× Diamond, making the rapper the first South African artist to reach the Diamond status. The very same night at a private dinner in Bryanston, Johannesburg it was announced that "One Time" was also certified Diamond, and "Caiphus song" and "The World Is Yours" (from a Platinum studio album *Touch My Blood*) were certified 8× Platinum, Forbes celebrated the success with a tweet posing with the plaques.

## Certification

| Region | Certification |
| --- | --- |
| South Africa (RISA) | Diamond |

## InfoBox

| "One Time" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by AKA | |
| Released | 25 April 2016 (2016-04-25) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:54 |
| Label | SME Africa (on behalf of Vth Season) |
| Songwriter(s) | Kiernan Forbes |
| Producer(s) | * Kiernan Forbes * Mpilo Shabangu |
| AKA singles chronology | |
| "Dreamwork"
(2016) "**One Time**"
(2016) "The World Is Yours"
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "One Time (Official video)" on YouTube | |
| Official audio | |
| "One Time (Official audio)" on YouTube | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Milton M. Klein

abstract: Milton Martin Klein was an American historian. He was born in New York City on 15 August 1917 to Margaret and Edward Klein. Milton Klein earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the City College of New York. While studying for his master's in education, Klein taught high school history. His career as a schoolteacher was broken up by World War II, during which he served with the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1946. After the war, Klein remained a member of the Air Force Reserve, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1977. Klein continued teaching at the high school level as he worked toward a doctorate from Columbia University. He earned the degree in 1954, and remained in secondary education until 1957. He served as lecturer at Colombia between 1954 and 1958, when he joined the faculty of Long Island University. Klein was subsequently named dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Long Island in 1962. Klein left for a deanship of graduate studies and research at Fredonia College in 1966, then moved to the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1969. He was named Alumni Distinguished Service Professor in 1977, and the first Lindsay Young Professor of History in 1980. After retirement from the faculty in 1985, Klein became university historian in 1988. The University of Tennessee holds an annual lecture series named for Klein. Klein married Margaret Gordon on 25 August 1963, with whom he had two children, Edward and Peter. Klein died of cancer at St. Mary's Residential Hospice in Halls, Tennessee, on 10 June 2004.

text:
# Milton M. Klein

**Milton Martin Klein** (15 August 1917 – 10 June 2004) was an American historian.

He was born in New York City on 15 August 1917 to Margaret and Edward Klein. Milton Klein earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the City College of New York. While studying for his master's in education, Klein taught high school history. His career as a schoolteacher was broken up by World War II, during which he served with the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1946. After the war, Klein remained a member of the Air Force Reserve, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1977. Klein continued teaching at the high school level as he worked toward a doctorate from Columbia University. He earned the degree in 1954, and remained in secondary education until 1957. He served as lecturer at Colombia between 1954 and 1958, when he joined the faculty of Long Island University. Klein was subsequently named dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Long Island in 1962. Klein left for a deanship of graduate studies and research at Fredonia College in 1966, then moved to the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1969. He was named Alumni Distinguished Service Professor in 1977, and the first Lindsay Young Professor of History in 1980. After retirement from the faculty in 1985, Klein became university historian in 1988. The University of Tennessee holds an annual lecture series named for Klein.

Klein married Margaret Gordon on 25 August 1963, with whom he had two children, Edward and Peter. Klein died of cancer at St. Mary's Residential Hospice in Halls, Tennessee, on 10 June 2004.

## InfoBox

| Milton M. Klein | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1917-08-15)August 15, 1917
New York City |
| Died | June 10, 2004(2004-06-10) (aged 86)
Halls, Tennessee |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | City College of New York |
| Spouse | Margaret Gordon |
| Children | 2 |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | History |
| Institutions | United States Army Air Forces |
|  | |


abstract: The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos is based in the city of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, which is usually shortened to San Nicolás, and is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Rosario, Argentina.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos** is based in the city of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, which is usually shortened to San Nicolás, and is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Rosario, Argentina.

## History

Statue of Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás original furnishings of St. Nicholas of Bari Cathedral, now enshrined in a newly-erected Sanctuary of the same name in San Nicolás de los Arroyos

On 3 March 1947, Pope Pius XII established the Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos from territory taken from the Diocese of La Plata and the Diocese of Mercedes. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Isidro when it was created in 1957 and the Diocese of Zárate-Campana in 1976.

### Apparations approved

The diocesan seat, the Cathedral of St Nicholas of Myra, was home to a neglected statue of Our Lady of the Rosary that had been blessed by Pope Leo XIII. The statue was rediscovered after an image of Our Lady appeared in a vision to a local lay woman mother-of-two Gladys Motta, leading to a renewed devotion under the title Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás and the erection of a new Sanctuary with hostel for pilgrims and a center for promoting popular piety. In a decree signed on May 22, 2016 and made public a few days later, Héctor Cardelli, Bishop of the Diocese of San Nicolás, declared that the apparitions that occurred over a number of years beginning in the 1980s were supernatural in origin. The devotion is thus approved "worthy of belief" at the Diocesan level within the Catholic Church.

## Ordinaries

## InfoBox

| Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos
**Dioecesis Sancti Nicolai de los Arroyos**
Diócesis de San Nicolás de los Arroyos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Cathedral of St. Nicholas of Bari | |
| Location | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Ecclesiastical province | Rosario |
| Metropolitan | Rosario |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 14,500 km2 (5,600 sq mi) |
| Population
- Total
- Catholics | (as of 2004)
427,000
390,000 (91.3%) |
| Parishes | 51 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | 3 March 1947 (77 years ago) |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of St Nicholas of Myra in San Nicolás de los Arroyos |
| Patron saint | Saint Nicholas |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop | Hugo Norberto Santiago |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | Eduardo Eliseo Martín |
| Website | |
| Website of the Diocese | |


title: Queen retinue pheromone

abstract:
Queen retinue pheromones (QRP) are a type of honey bee pheromones, so-called because one of their behavioral effects is to attract a circle of bees around the queen. In older literature, the queen pheromone is called mandibular pheromone because some of its components were first identified from the mandibular glands of queens. Retinue pheromone may be more accurate because the chemical mix in the pheromone comes from several glands. The following compounds have been identified as present in the QRP, of which, only coniferyl alcohol is found in the mandibular glands. The combination of the five QMP compounds and the four compounds below help create the retinue attraction of worker bees around their queen.
  - Methyl oleate
  - Coniferyl alcohol
  - Hexadecan-1-ol
  - Alpha-linolenic acid

text:
# Queen retinue pheromone

**Queen retinue pheromones** (**QRP**) are a type of honey bee pheromones, so-called because one of their behavioral effects is to attract a circle of bees (a “retinue”) around the queen.

In older literature, the queen pheromone is called *mandibular pheromone* because some of its components were first identified from the mandibular glands of queens. *Retinue pheromone* may be more accurate because the chemical mix in the pheromone comes from several glands.

The following compounds have been identified as present in the QRP, of which, only coniferyl alcohol is found in the mandibular glands. The combination of the five QMP compounds and the four compounds below help create the retinue attraction of worker bees around their queen.


title: Frans Piët

abstract: Frans Piët was a Dutch comics artist, most famous as the original creator of the longest-running Dutch comics series of all time: Sjors & Sjimmie.

text:
# Frans Piët

**Frans Piët** (17 February 1905, Haarlem – 5 January 1997) was a Dutch comics artist, most famous as the original creator of the longest-running Dutch comics series of all time: *Sjors & Sjimmie*.

## Biography

He was born in 1905 as the son of a butcher. Originally Piët aspired to become a musician and learned to play violin and saxophone. He even performed in The Blue Ramblers, headed by Pi Scheffer. Near the end of the 1920s he applied for a job at publishing company De Spaarnestad, where he drew patterns for sewing. In 1932 he was asked to draw comics for the children's magazines issued by De Spaarnestad. At the time Martin Branner's *Perry Winkle* was very popular under its Dutch translation of *Sjors* and even inspired his own eponymous magazine. When the original American comic strip gradually started to put more focus on Perry's sister, Winnie Winkle, business deals were made with King Features syndicate to create a local version of Branner's character, *Sjors*, to let the popular series continue with its focus on Sjors. In 1938 Piët became the creator of *Sjors van de Rebellenclub* (*Sjors of the Rebel's Club*), as the series was popularly titled. Gradually *Sjors* would become more its own thing, with storylines set in the Netherlands and a new cast of characters which replaced the original creations of Branner.

After World War II the series was retitled *Sjors en Sjimmie* (*Sjors and Sjimmie*) when Sjors met his black friend Sjimmie, who'd become his sidekick. Piët would draw *Sjors and Sjimmie* until he retired in 1969, after which Jan Kruis continued and modernized the series.

In 1974 Piët made a celebrity comic strip based on the popular children's TV series *Tita Tovenaar*. He died in 1997 at the age of 91, from an intracranial hemorrhage.

## Sources


title: NZR V class

abstract: The New Zealand V class steam locomotive was used on New Zealand's railway network from 1885 onwards. They were operated by New Zealand Government Railways and the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company.

text:
# NZR V class

The **New Zealand V class** steam locomotive was used on New Zealand's railway network from 1885 onwards. They were operated by New Zealand Government Railways and the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company.

## Introduction

The heavy increase in traffic by the early 1880s necessitated a design for a new class of passenger locomotive. The V class was conceived as an enlarged version of the 2-4-2 NZR K class of 1877. Instead of the K class's four coupled wheels, six coupled wheels were used. The order was placed with Nasmyth, Wilson and Company of Manchester. It took seven years for delivery to be made and then it was found that the engines were 5 and a half tons overweight without their tender.

As a result, the NZGR refused to accept the locomotives until the weight was pared down to an acceptable level. However, by the time they were modified, the engines had been superseded by the American-built NZR N class of similar dimensions.

The Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company also ordered three of those locomotives, numbers 6, 7, and 8, at a cost of about £6000 each (equivalent to about $1 million in 2011). They were fitted with an ornate Rogers-styled wooden cab with Gothic windows, and an extended smokebox crowned with a copper-capped funnel. They could be fired with *any light fuel* including wood and were very slightly heavier than the NZR version. They had inside frames and journals on both pony trucks. When the WMR was taken over by the NZR in 1908, they were included in the V class.

The locomotives had one weakness in their frames, just behind the cylinders. This weak spot, when stressed, would break; this occurred when the Branxholme locomotives were dumped, thus rendering their frames beyond repair. The Mararoa Junction locomotives may have suffered similarly.

## Withdrawal

The first withdrawals of the V class began around 1925 and ended in the early 1930s. Most of the engines were dumped as stripped hulks comprising the boiler, frames, cylinders and wheels at the Branxholme Locomotive Dump in 1927. V 126 and V 127 were dumped as substantially more complete hulks at Mararoa Junction, in October 1928, complete with their cabs and tenders. V 132 was dismantled at the Bealey Quarry and its frames dumped there.

The three WMR engines were withdrawn the same time and their boilers removed for stationary use or sale. The fate of the 3 WMR V's is unknown, though there has been some speculation that one might have been dumped at Branxholme. One of the boilers from these engines was unearthed by KiwiRail in 2009 during construction of the Kai Iwi tunnel bypass.

## Preservation

In 1999, enthusiast Tony Bachelor salvaged the remains of locomotives V 35, V 125, and V 136 from Braxholme. Due to the weakness in the frames, the frame of V 132 and a Nasmyth Wilson pony truck were recovered from the Bealey Quarry. It was intended that the locomotives would be restored by the Hooterville Charitable Trust at Waitara, but this later fell through and Bachelor moved the remnants to his property in Ashhurst.

In 2009, the parts of the four Vs, along with a boiler found during the Kai Iwi deviation construction, were donated to the Feilding and District Steam Rail Society. The parts were stored at the F&DSR depot in the Feilding yard, but now scrapped.

In 2018 the remains of two V class locomotives were investigated at Mararoa Junction with a view to recovery and static restoration by the Lumsden Heritage Trust.

During late January 2020, the Lumsden Heritage Trust successfully recovered 1885 V-class 127 from the dump site in the Oreti River after a recovery effort and planning that spanned six years. They had also wanted to recover V-class 126, but in the words of the Lumsden Heritage Trust, logistics got the better of them on the day, despite a mammoth effort. No.127's recovered locomotive and tender are sitting on their wheels and bogies on a specially built siding at the Lumsden Railway Precinct. Then on Wednesday 26 February, the Trust commenced a second attempt at recovering V-class 126. Learning from the first attempt they first winched 126 and tender closer to the river bank and onto gravel prior to re-attempting the lift, which was reported as being easier than lifting 127. The recovery of the two V-class locomotives has garnered media attention as far away as the UK and the Trust's Lumsden base has seen an influx of interested tourists and visitors.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| New Zealand V class | |
| --- | --- |
| V class tender locomotive. Picture from the AP Godber Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder Nasmyth, Wilson and Company, Manchester,  United Kingdom  Build date 1885  Total produced 13 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 2-6-2  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)  Wheel diameter 49 in (1,245 mm)  Adhesive weight 23.7 long tons (24.1 t; 26.5 short tons)  Total weight 53.5 long tons (54.4 t; 59.9 short tons)  Fuel type Coal  Firebox:   Grate area 16 sq ft (1.5 m2)  Boiler pressure 135 psi (931 kPa)  Heating surface 862 sq ft (80.1 m2)  Cylinders Two  Cylinder size 15 in × 20 in (381 mm × 508 mm)  Loco brake Steam | |
| Performance figures  Maximum speed 88 km/h (55 mph)  Tractive effort 9,890 lbf (44.0 kN) | |
| Career  Number in class 13  Locale Wellington and Manawatu Railway, Main South Line, Marton – New Plymouth Line.  Disposition Two full locomotives recovered from the Oreti River; parts from several others in other locations also extant | |


title: Watson Peninsula

abstract: Watson Peninsula is a narrow peninsula 4 km (2.5 mi) long separating Macdougal and Marr Bays on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. It was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for G.L. Watson, yacht designer and redesigner of the expedition ship Scotia.

text:
# Watson Peninsula

Watson Peninsulaclass=notpageimage|Location in Antarctica

**Watson Peninsula** is a narrow peninsula 4 km (2.5 mi) long separating Macdougal and Marr Bays on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. It was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for G.L. Watson, yacht designer and redesigner of the expedition ship *Scotia*.

## Important Bird Area

The peninsula has been identified an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of about 13,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins. Other birds nesting at the site include Adélie and gentoo penguins as well as southern giant petrels.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Watson Peninsula". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

60°42′S 44°32′W / 60.700°S 44.533°W / -60.700; -44.533


title: Haveli Khurd

abstract: Haveli Khurd is a village in Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from sub district headquarter and 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

text:
# Haveli Khurd

**Haveli Khurd** is a village in Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from sub district headquarter and 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 24 houses and the population of 147 of which 82 are males while 65 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 11 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.

## InfoBox

| Haveli Khurd | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Gurdaspur |
| Tehsil | Dera Baba Nanak |
| Region | Majha |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayat raj |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 18 ha (44 acres) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 147
82/65 / |
| Scheduled Castes | 11
6/5 / |
| Total Households | 24 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone | 01871 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-PB |
| Website | gurdaspur.nic.in |


title: We Maids

abstract: We Maids is a 1951 Mexican romantic comedy film directed by Zacarías Gómez Urquiza and starring Alma Rosa Aguirre, Domingo Soler and Rubén Rojo. It was shot at the Tepeyac Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Francisco Marco Chillet.

text:
# We Maids

***We Maids*** (Spanish: ***Nosotras las sirvientas***) is a 1951 Mexican romantic comedy film directed by Zacarías Gómez Urquiza and starring Alma Rosa Aguirre, Domingo Soler and Rubén Rojo. It was shot at the Tepeyac Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Francisco Marco Chillet.

## Synopsis

A young woman from the countryside travels to Mexico City to find work. In the capital she is almost run over by a wealthy man who gives her a job as a maid in his large house. She soon provokes the jealousy of his scheming fiancée.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Amador, María Luisa. *Cartelera cinematográfica, 1950-1959*. UNAM, 1985.

## InfoBox

| We Maids | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Zacarías Gómez Urquiza |
| Written by | Eduardo Galindo
Antonio Guzmán Aguilera
Zacarías Gómez Urquiza
Ramón Obón
Ramón Pérez Peláez |
| Produced by | Eduardo Galindo
Jesús Galindo |
| Starring | Alma Rosa Aguirre
Domingo Soler
Rubén Rojo |
| Cinematography | Víctor Herrera |
| Edited by | Jorge Busto |
| Music by | Gonzalo Curiel |
| Production
company | Producciones Galindo Hermanos |
| Distributed by | Filmadora Chapultepec |
| Release date | * 2 November 1951 (1951-11-02) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | Mexico |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Montebourg

abstract: Montebourg is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

text:
# Montebourg

**Montebourg** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃tbuʁ\]) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

## Geography

Montebourg is located southeast of Cherbourg.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 2,026 |  |
| 1975 | 2,039 | +0.09% |
| 1982 | 1,956 | −0.59% |
| 1990 | 2,052 | +0.60% |
| 1999 | 2,022 | −0.16% |
| 2007 | 2,084 | +0.38% |
| 2012 | 2,083 | −0.01% |
| 2017 | 2,096 | +0.12% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Heraldry

|  | The arms of Montebourg are blazoned :
*Gules, a cross moline Or.*

 |
| --- | --- |

## International relations

Montebourg is twinned with:

## Main sights

## InfoBox

| Montebourg | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church of Saint Jacques | |
| Location of Montebourg | |
| MontebourgMontebourg | |
| Coordinates: 49°29′18″N 1°22′42″W / 49.4883°N 1.3783°W / 49.4883; -1.3783 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Manche |
| Arrondissement | Cherbourg |
| Canton | Valognes |
| Intercommunality | CA Cotentin |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-Pierre Mauquest |
| Area**1** | 5.89 km2 (2.27 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 2,001 |
| Density | 340/km2 (880/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 50341 /50310 |
| Elevation | 21–116 m (69–381 ft)
(avg. 51 m or 167 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: One of the Survivors

abstract: "One of the Survivors" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. Appearing on their 1973 concept album Preservation Act 1, the song was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies.

text:
# One of the Survivors

**"One of the Survivors"** is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. Appearing on their 1973 concept album *Preservation Act 1*, the song was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies.

## Lyrics

"One of the Survivors" references the character Johnny Thunder, who had appeared in the song of the same name from The Kinks' 1968 album *The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society*. However, since his appearance in "Johnny Thunder" in 1968, Johnny Thunder, who is called "one of the survivors" by the singer of the song, has grown "little overweight, and his sideburns are turnin' grey, but he still likes to bebop, boogie and jive to his worn out seventy-eights."

The song also references many musicians from the 1950s (that Johnny Thunder enjoys to listen to), such as Jerry Lee Lewis, Dion and The Belmonts and Johnny and The Hurricanes, as well as songs such as "Hound Dog", "Blue Suede Shoes", and "Great Balls of Fire".

## Release

"One of the Survivors" was first released as a single in America on 20 April 1973. Backed with "Scrapheap City" (later to appear on *Preservation Act 2*), the single found only small popularity, peaking at a mediocre #108 in America. However, the single was the most successful since "20th Century Man" in 1971. The single was not released in the UK, but "One of the Survivors" did appear as the B-side of "Sitting in the Midday Sun" in said country. That single did not chart.

"One of the Survivors" also appeared on *Preservation Act 1* in June 1973. The album received poor commercial and critical popularity, only hitting #177 in America, and not charting in Britain. Also, the single edit of "One of the Survivors" has since appeared as a bonus track on some CD reissues of *Preservation Act 1*.

## Reception

"One of the Survivors" has received mixed reception from critics. *Record World* said that "English quartet rocks 'em and socks 'em with nostalgic tribute to some old rock 'n rollers like Jerry Lee Lewis, Dion & Belmonts, Danny & the Juniors and Johnny & the Hurricanes." *AllMusic'*s Stephen Thomas Erlewine cited the track as a highlight from *Preservation Act 1*. However, in a more critical view, author Andrew Hickey called the track one of the two weakest songs on *Preservation Act 1* (the other being "Where Are They Now?").

## InfoBox

| "One of the Survivors" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Kinks | |
| from the album  *Preservation Act 1* | |
| B-side | "Scrapheap City" |
| Released | 20 April 1973 |
| Recorded | 9–10 March 1973 at Konk Studios, Hornsey, North London |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 4:31 |
| Label | RCA |
| Songwriter(s) | Ray Davies |
| Producer(s) | Ray Davies |
| The Kinks singles chronology | |
| "Celluloid Heroes"
(1972) "**One of the Survivors**"
(1973) "Sitting in the Midday Sun"
(1973) | |


abstract: The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña is located in the town of San Roque in the city of Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, usually referred to as simply Sáenz Peña, in the province of Chaco, Argentina.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña** is located in the town of San Roque in the city of Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña, usually referred to as simply Sáenz Peña, in the province of Chaco, Argentina.

## History

On 12 August 1963, Pope Paul VI established the Diocese of Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña from the Diocese of Resistencia. Its name was changed to the Diocese of San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña on 28 February 1992 by Blessed John Paul II.

## Bishops

### Ordinaries

### Auxiliary bishop

### Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

## InfoBox

| Diocese of San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña
**Dioecesis Sancti Rochi**
Diócesis de San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Cathedral of Saint Roch | |
| Location | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Ecclesiastical province | Resistencia |
| Metropolitan | Resistencia |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 71,303 km2 (27,530 sq mi) |
| Population
- Total
- Catholics | (as of 2010)
511,000
436,000 (85.3%) |
| Parishes | 24 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | 12 August 1963 (61 years ago) |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of St Roch in Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña |
| Patron saint | Saint Roch
Immaculate Conception |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop | Hugo Nicolás Barbaro |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | Fabriciano Sigampa |
| Auxiliary Bishops | Gustavo Alejandro Montini |
| Bishops emeritus | José Lorenzo Sartori |
| Website | |
| Website of the Diocese | |


title: Kanishtha Dhankar

abstract: Kanishtha Raj Singh Dhankar is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Pantaloons Miss India 2011, whereas Hasleen Kaur was crowned the Femina Miss India Earth. She later represented India at the Miss World 2011 pageant where she placed in top 30.

text:
# Kanishtha Dhankar

**Kanishtha Raj Singh Dhankar** (born 21 September 1988) is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Pantaloons *Miss India* 2011, whereas Hasleen Kaur was crowned the Femina Miss India Earth. She later represented India at the Miss World 2011 pageant where she placed in top 30.

## Early life

Kanishtha was born on 21 September 1988 at the naval base in Bombay, India to Raj Singh Dhankhar, a Commodore in the Indian Navy, and Kusum Malhan Dhankhar. She is second of their three children. Her father was posted in Mumbai at the time of her birth. Her mother is a school teacher and a home maker and has worked extensively with the Naval Wives Welfare Association in Mumbai. Her ancestral family is from Village Kasni, District Jhajjar, Haryana. Kanishtha was raised in Colaba, Mumbai. She pursued a Bachelor of Commerce degree in H.R. College of Commerce and Economics in Mumbai.

## Career

In 2008, she appeared in Madhur Bhandarkar's film *Fashion*.

## InfoBox

| Kanishtha Dhankar | |
| --- | --- |
| Dhankar in 2016 | |
| Born | Kanishtha Raj Singh Dhankhar
(1988-09-21) 21 September 1988
Bombay, Maharashtra, India |
| Occupation(s) | Model, Actress |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Femina Miss India World 2011 |
| Years active | 2008-present |
| Major
competition(s) | Femina Miss India World 2011
(Winner)
(Miss Body Beautiful)
(Miss No Marks)
(Miss Ramp Model)
(Miss Beautiful Legs)
(Miss Water Baby) |
|  | |


title: NZR U class

abstract: The NZR U class, the first tender locomotives built in New Zealand, were a class of 4-6-0 Ten Wheeler locomotive designed to the requirements of Mr T. F. Rotherham and built at NZR Addington between 1894 and 1903. They were amongst NZRs' longest lived tender engines.

text:
# NZR U class

The **NZR U class**, the first tender locomotives built in New Zealand, were a class of 4-6-0 Ten Wheeler locomotive designed to the requirements of Mr T. F. Rotherham and built at NZR Addington between 1894 and 1903. They were amongst NZRs' longest lived tender engines.

## Origin and Design

The U class was designed to fill a need to provide more powerful and faster passenger locomotives than the N and V classes then in service. The class were the first express locomotives on the NZR to have Walschaerts valve motion and also introduced the 4' 6" driving wheel which would be considered standard for express passenger work. They did however have flat slide valves and would be the last NZR locomotives so built.

The U's were the first tender locomotives built in New Zealand and were a significant step in the country's industrial capability. However, Addington was not yet set up for mass production and construction was intermittent and drawn out, resulting in changes to the design over the course of building. The first pair had a curved running board that started high near the smokebox and curved over downward over the lead driver. The livery was black edged on the tender and cab with chocolate, and lined with a gold stripe. the boiler bands, steam dome casing and leading edge of the Belpaire firebox were polished brass and the wheels and frames were varnished. The second pair introduced the new standard cab but retained wooden headstocks. The third pair received steel headstocks. The final three were built with boilers of 175psi capacity. The last built, No. 378, had a sand dome and continuous brakes, features soon added to the rest.

## Service and Modifications

Although reported to 'curve well and ride easily', and possessed of relatively large driving wheels, they were not a success on the Canterbury plains as intended. According to driver Jack Ewart: "... she \[the U class\] failed when the Canterbury Nor'wester was blowing and would not stand thrashing and consequently lost time." They were soon replaced on these services by the Baldwin built UB class. Before World War One the class averaged 27,000 miles annually.

Superheating was applied in the 1920s, followed by piston valves shortly afterwards. Between 1935 and 1940 the class received Waikato spark arrestors and tender cabs. Second sand domes and standard funnels were added around this time. By now the class were all stationed in Southland and performed branchline work in and around Invercargill, and were well regarded in these duties.

The class as a whole survived into the 1950s and were withdrawn between 1954 and 1959. Some were dumped in rivers as erosion protection in Southland rivers.

## Preservation

The remains of the chassis from U194 was stored at Waitara, as part of the ill-fated Hooterville Heritage Charitable Trust depot. Hooterville owner Tony Bachelor fell victim to Donald Rea, who was later arrested for (allegedly) defrauding $26.1 million from investors (including the trust). The financial impact of this on the society caused it to close, leaving the chassis exposed and unrestored. The tender of 194 is stored at the Midland Rail Heritage Trust at Springfield which may be used for one of the Uc's when restored in the future.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Lloyd, W. G. (1974). *Register of New Zealand Railways Steam Locomotives 1863-1971* (2nd ed.). Otago Railway and Locomotive Society & Triple M Publications. ISBN 0-9582072-1-6.
* Cassells, Ken (1994). *Uncommon Carrier: The History of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, 1882-1908*. New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society. ISBN 0-908573-63-4.
* Palmer, A. N.; Stewart, W. W. (1965). *Cavalcade of New Zealand Locomotives*. Wellington: A H. & A W. Reed. ISBN 978-0-207-94500-7.
* Millar, Sean (2011). *The NZR Steam Locomotive*. Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society. ISBN 978-0-908573-89-9.

## InfoBox

| NZR U class | |
| --- | --- |
| Steam locomotive 65 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder NZGR Addington Workshops  Build date 1894-1903  Total produced 9 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-6-0  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)  Driver dia. 54 in (1.372 m)  Length 49 ft 11.5 in (15.23 m)  Loco weight 38 long tons (38.6 tonnes; 42.6 short tons)  Tender weight 25 long tons (25.4 tonnes; 28.0 short tons)  Total weight 63 long tons (64.0 tonnes; 70.6 short tons)  Fuel type Coal  Fuel capacity 3.1 long tons (3.1 tonnes; 3.5 short tons)  Water cap. 1,900 imp gal (8,600 L; 2,300 US gal)  Firebox:   Grate area 16 sq ft (1.5 m2)  Boiler pressure 160 lbf/in2 (1,103 kPa)  Heating surface:   Tubes 972 sq ft (90.3 m2)  Cylinders Two, outside  Cylinder size 16 in × 20 in (406 mm × 508 mm) | |
| Performance figures  Maximum speed 50 mph (80 km/h)  Tractive effort 12,136 lbf (53.98 kN) | |
| Career  Operators NZR  Numbers 51,65,193,194,215,237,239,274,378  Locale Canterbury, Otago, Southland  Withdrawn 1954–1959  Disposition Withdrawn, Scrapped | |


title: Waterloo and Robinson

abstract: Waterloo and Robinson is an Austrian band, consisting of Johann Kreuzmayr ("Waterloo") and Josef Krassnitzer ("Robinson"). The duo are most famous for representing Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976, performing the song My Little World, where they recorded a 5th-place finish with 80 points. This song was also the first time that Austria had performed entirely in English at the Contest. More recently, the duo entered preselection to represent Austria at the 2004 Contest, losing out to boyband Tie Break. This caused some controversy when Waterloo and Robinson protested that Tie Break's song was longer than the 3 minutes allowed under Contest rules - clocking in at between 3:09 and 3:11 depending on the stereo used. The duo were quoted as saying "If skiers battle over the tenth part of a second, we must be allowed to go to court because of a time exceeding of 5%" as well as filing a legal challenge to Tie Break's performance. This challenge was not upheld.

text:
# Waterloo and Robinson

**Waterloo and Robinson** is an Austrian band, consisting of Johann Kreuzmayr ("Waterloo") and Josef Krassnitzer ("Robinson"). The duo are most famous for representing Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976, performing the song My Little World, where they recorded a 5th-place finish with 80 points. This song was also the first time that Austria had performed entirely in English at the Contest.

More recently, the duo entered preselection to represent Austria at the 2004 Contest, losing out to boyband Tie Break. This caused some controversy when Waterloo and Robinson protested that Tie Break's song (*Du Bist*) was longer than the 3 minutes allowed under Contest rules - clocking in at between 3:09 and 3:11 depending on the stereo used. The duo were quoted as saying "If skiers battle over the tenth part of a second, we must be allowed to go to court because of a time exceeding of 5%" as well as filing a legal challenge to Tie Break's performance . This challenge was not upheld.

## Discography

### Albums

* 1974 – Sing my song
* 1975 - Please love me
* 1975 - Unsere Lieder
* 1976 - Songs
* 1976 - Clap your hands
* 1976 - The best of Waterloo & Robinson 1971 - 1976 (Double-LP)
* 1977 - Hollywood - The best of Waterloo & Robinson (just in Germany)
* 1977 - Successen (just in Netherlands)
* 1977 - Beautiful time
* 1977 - The Original
* 1977 - Weihnachten mit Waterloo & Robinson (Maxisingle)
* 1978 - Wild, wild land
* 1980 - Brand new start
* 1980 - Ich denke oft an...
* 1981 - Spiegelbilder
* 1982 - Unsere schönsten Lieder
* 1982 - Ihre 16 größten Erfolge
* 1988 - Poptakes
* 1992 - Weihnachten mit Waterloo & Robinson
* 1994 - Powertime
* 1995 - Private Collection
* 1998 – Master Series
* 1999 - Hollywood 2000
* 2002 - Marianne

### Singles

* 1971 - Du kannst sehen
* 1972 - Sag´ woher wehst du Wind
* 1972 - Lili's Haus
* 1973 - Mamy & Dad
* 1973 - Sailor
* 1973 - Waterloo & Robinson Song
* 1974 - Baby Blue
* 1974 - Hollywood
* 1974 - Das war Hollywood von gestern
* 1974 - Midnight movie (just in Great Britain)
* 1975 - Old times again
* 1975 - Straßen der Nacht
* 1975 - Walk away
* 1975 - Geh zu ihr
* 1976 - My little world
* 1976 - Meine kleine Welt
* 1976 - Danke schön!
* 1976 - Sunday 16
* 1976 - My, my, my
* 1976 - Du bist frei
* 1977 - Hide away
* 1977 - Stille Nacht
* 1977 - Cadillac Cafe
* 1978 - Unser kleines Team
* 1978 - Im Garten Eden
* 1978 - Himmel, Donner, Arm und Zwirn
* 1978 - Chocolata
* 1978 - Bye, bye, bye little butterfly
* 1979 - Do you remember Marianne
* 1979 - Ich denk´ noch oft an Marianne
* 1979 - Sally, they're selling the army
* 1980 - Du, die verkaufen die Army
* 1980 - Eleonora
* 1981 - Frühstück in Berlin
* 1992 - Barcelona
* 1996 - Crema
* 1997 - Write on
* 1998 - Willkommen Österreich
* 2000 - 2gether we r strong (Waterloo & Robinson feat. Panah)
* 2000 - In der schönen Weihnachtszeit (Waterloo & Robinson & Kindergarten Walding)
* 2002 - Na Naa.Nanana Live is life
* 2003 - Marilyn
* 2004 - You can change the world


title: Philomene Long

abstract: Philomene Long was an American poet. Long was born in Greenwich Village, New York City. From the 1960s onward, she lived most of her life in Venice, California. In 2005, she was made Poet Laureate of Venice. Twin sister Pegarty Long is a producer and director, known for the films An Irish Vampire in Hollywood (2013) and Incision (1999)

text:
# Philomene Long

**Philomene Long** (August 17, 1940  August 21, 2007) was an American poet. Long was born in Greenwich Village, New York City. From the 1960s onward, she lived most of her life in Venice, California. In 2005, she was made Poet Laureate of Venice.

Twin sister Pegarty Long is a producer and director, known for the films *An Irish Vampire in Hollywood* (2013) and *Incision* (1999)

## InfoBox

| Philomene Long | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | August 17, 1940
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | August 21, 2007 (aged 67)
Venice, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Genre | Poetry |
| Notable works | "The Queen of Bohemia," "The Ghosts of Venice West," "American Zen Bones, Maezumi Roshi Stories," a prose work about the founder of the Zen Center of Los Angeles |
| Spouse | Poet John Thomas |
| Children | 2 |


title: Natalia Pertseva

abstract: Natalia Pertseva is a retired Russian football defender mostly played for Rossiyanka Krasnoarmeysk in the Russian Championship. She began her career in Nadezhda Noginsk. She was a member of the Russian national team since 2002, taking part in the 2009 European Championship.

text:
# Natalia Pertseva

**Natalia Pertseva** is a retired Russian football defender mostly played for Rossiyanka Krasnoarmeysk in the Russian Championship. She began her career in Nadezhda Noginsk.

She was a member of the Russian national team since 2002, taking part in the 2009 European Championship.

## InfoBox

Natalia Pertseva
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Natalia Aleksandrovna Pertseva | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-06-04) 4 June 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Soviet Union | | |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2003 | Nadezhda Noginsk |  |  |
| 2004–2017 | Rossiyanka |  | (2) |
| International career | | | |
| 2004–2013 | Russia | 31 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Urban the Ninth

abstract: Urban the Ninth is a 1973 Novel by Scottish writer Bruce Marshall. It is the first novel of a three volume series. It was followed by Marx the First and concludes with Peter the Second.

text:
# Urban the Ninth

***Urban the Ninth*** is a 1973 Novel by Scottish writer Bruce Marshall. It is the first novel of a three volume series. It was followed by *Marx the First* and concludes with *Peter the Second*.

## Plot summary

A Catholic comic thriller – In 1990, Urban the Ninth takes over the papacy after Pope Marx I (successor of Leo XIV and Pius XIII) dies in an air crash. Urban IX has to face the Third Secret of Fatima (which had not yet been revealed in 1973, when the book was written) and a mysterious woman: perhaps, Pope Marx's secret lover.

A major subplot concerns the efforts of a mother superior of a religious order to get the order's founder canonised.

## InfoBox

Urban the Ninth
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Bruce Marshall |
| Publisher | Constable |
| Publication date | 1973 |
| Publication place | Scotland |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | 192 |
| ISBN | 0-09-458990-9 |
| Followed by | *Marx the First* |


title: Indian Bend Wash Area

abstract: The Indian Bend Wash area is a Superfund cleanup site in Scottsdale and Tempe, Arizona. It was declared a Superfund site in 1983 after industrial solvents were discovered to have contaminated the groundwater in an approximately 13-square-mile (34 km⁲) area. It is one of the largest EPA sites in terms of volume of groundwater treated, estimated at 61.3 billion US gallons (232,000,000 m⁳). During the 1960s, it was typical for companies to dispose industrial solvents directly into the ground and into dry wells. In 1981, volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected in Tempe and Scottsdale city wells, including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and chloroform. The wells were shut down immediately, and the area was declared a Superfund site in 1983.mPotentially responsible parties Motorola, Siemens, GlaxoSmithKline, along with several smaller companies, have paid for the approximately $100 million in cleanup costs. Cleanup has consisted of several stations that pump and treat groundwater. The area consists of two cleanup sites, the North Indian Bend Wash (NIBW) Superfund site located in Scottsdale, and the South Indian Bend Wash (SIBW) Superfund site located in Tempe. For eight days in October 2007, trichloroethylene tainted water was released into the water supply of 1500 residents of Scottsdale by the Arizona American Water Company.

text:
# Indian Bend Wash Area

The **Indian Bend Wash** area is a Superfund cleanup site in Scottsdale and Tempe, Arizona. It was declared a Superfund site in 1983 after industrial solvents were discovered to have contaminated the groundwater in an approximately 13-square-mile (34 km2) area. It is one of the largest EPA sites in terms of volume of groundwater treated, estimated at 61.3 billion US gallons (232,000,000 m3).

During the 1960s, it was typical for companies to dispose industrial solvents directly into the ground and into dry wells. In 1981, volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected in Tempe and Scottsdale city wells, including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and chloroform. The wells were shut down immediately, and the area was declared a Superfund site in 1983.mPotentially responsible parties Motorola, Siemens, GlaxoSmithKline, along with several smaller companies, have paid for the approximately $100 million in cleanup costs. Cleanup has consisted of several stations that pump and treat groundwater.

The area consists of two cleanup sites, the North Indian Bend Wash (NIBW) Superfund site located in Scottsdale (approximately 8 square miles), and the South Indian Bend Wash (SIBW) Superfund site located in Tempe.

For eight days in October 2007, trichloroethylene tainted water was released into the water supply of 1500 residents of Scottsdale by the Arizona American Water Company.

33°28′49″N 111°54′42″W / 33.4803°N 111.9118°W / 33.4803; -111.9118

## InfoBox

| Indian Bend Wash Area | |
| --- | --- |
| Superfund site | |
| North Indian Bend Wash contamination area map | |
| Geography | |
| City | Scottsdale and Tempe |
| County | Maricopa |
| State | Arizona |
| Indian Bend Wash AreaIndian Bend Wash Area | |
| Information | |
| CERCLIS ID | AZD980695969 |
| Contaminants | Trichloroethylene |
| Responsible
parties |  |
| Progress | |
| Proposed | December 30, 1982 (1982-12-30) |
| Listed | September 8, 1983 (1983-09-08) |
| Construction
completed | September 28, 2006 (2006-09-28) |
| Partially deleted | May 1, 2003 (2003-05-01) |
| List of Superfund sites | |


title: Typhlomangelia fluctuosa

abstract: Typhlomangelia fluctuosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

text:
# Typhlomangelia fluctuosa

***Typhlomangelia fluctuosa*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Description

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Southern Indian Ocean off the Kerguelen Islands.

* Watson R.B. 1881. Mollusca of H.M.S. 'Challenger' expedition -part 9. Journal of the Linnean Society, 15: 413–455.
* Powell, A. W. B. (1960). "Antarctic and Subantarctic Mollusca". *Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum*. **5**: 117–193. ISSN 0067-0464. JSTOR 42906097. Wikidata Q58676773.

## InfoBox

| *Typhlomangelia fluctuosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Borsoniidae |
| Genus: | *Typhlomangelia* |
| Species: | ***T. fluctuosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Typhlomangelia fluctuosa***<br>(Watson, 1881) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pleurotoma (Drillia) fluctuosa* Watson, 1881 | |


title: Lance Collins (engineer)

abstract: Lance Collins is an engineer and professor for mechanical and aerospace engineering at Virginia Tech. He was previously the Joseph Silbert Dean of Engineering at the Cornell University College of Engineering and is now the inaugural vice president and executive director of the new Virginia Tech Innovation Campus.

text:
# Lance Collins (engineer)

**Lance Collins** is an engineer and professor for mechanical and aerospace engineering at Virginia Tech. He was previously the Joseph Silbert Dean of Engineering at the Cornell University College of Engineering and is now the inaugural vice president and executive director of the new Virginia Tech Innovation Campus.

## Education

As a rising high-school senior (from Westbury, New York) in 1976, Collins participated in the Minority Introduction to Engineering (MITE) Program at Lafayette College, where he discovered his interest in engineering. Collins was accepted at Cornell University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Collins graduated with a BSE in chemical engineering from Princeton University in 1981 and earned a MS in 1983 and a PhD in 1987 in chemical engineering, both from the University of Pennsylvania. Collins was the second African-American to graduate in chemical engineering from Princeton University (one year after Cato T. Laurencin) and the first African-American to receive a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. As a graduate student, Collins earned a Cooperative Research Fellowship at Bell Laboratories.

## Career

In 1989, Collins was a postdoctoral scholar at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where he worked with Francis H. Harlow.

Collins served as professor of chemical engineering at Pennsylvania State University for 11 years. In 1998, he was a visiting scientist at the Laboratoire de Combustion et Systemes Reactifs in Orléans, France and at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Collins joined Cornell University as a faculty member in 2002. Collins became the first African American director of the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and later the first African American dean at Cornell University.

After serving as S. C. Thomas Sze Director of the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Collins became Dean of Engineering at Cornell University in 2010. As dean, Collins nearly doubled the proportion of underrepresented minority students (to 21%), while undergraduate female enrollment grew to 50%. He also took on a central role in establishing of Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island in Manhattan, New York City in 2011. During Collins' tenure as dean, the college of engineering secured the two largest gifts in its history: a $50 million gift to name the Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and a $50 million gift to name the Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering.

After two terms as Joseph Silbert Dean of Engineering at Cornell, Collins joined Virginia Tech as the inaugural vice president and executive director of the new Innovation Campus in Alexandria, Virginia on August 1, 2020.

Together with Gilda Barabino, Collins founded the *Minority Faculty Forum* in 1995. In 2006, they co-organized the *Minority Faculty Development Workshop*.

Collins served as chair of the U.S. National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (USNC/TAM) in 2010–2012.

Collins was elected Member-at-Large of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Engineering Section in 2014. Until May 2020, he served on the Alan T. Waterman Award Committee for the National Science Foundation.

Collins has been a member of the board of trustees of the Mitre Corporation since 2018. He is currently a member of the Leadership Advisory Board of the University of Michigan College of Engineering.

## Research

Collins conducts research on turbulent processes with numerical simulations, for example in flames. He studies turbulent coagulation of aerosol particles, the turbulent breakup of microstructures such as in droplets or red blood cells, and drag reduction due to polymer additives. Collins is also developing new models to describe such microturbulence processes.

## Honors

## InfoBox

| Lance R. Collins | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | Princeton University
University of Pennsylvania |
| Awards | Member of the National Academy Engineering (2021)
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2014)
Fellow of the American Physical Society (2007)

Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (2005) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mechanical engineering
Chemical engineering |
| Institutions | Virginia Tech
Cornell University
Pennsylvania State University |
|  | |


title: Kanchinarayan Mohanty

abstract: Kanchi Narayan Mohanty is a writer, poet, short story writer, playwright, lyricist, dramatist, off-screen voice over artist, radio contributor and literature personality. He writes in Odia, English, Bengali Hindi.

text:
# Kanchinarayan Mohanty

**Kanchi Narayan Mohanty** is a writer, poet, short story writer, playwright, lyricist, dramatist, off-screen voice over artist, radio contributor and literature personality. He writes in Odia, English, Bengali Hindi.

## Early life

He was born on 14 April 1956 to Late Gopal Charan Mohanty and Smt. Nishamani Mohanty in Noda Goan at Govindpur police station in the Cuttack district in the Indian state of Odisha.

After completing class VII, he was admitted to Saraswata Vidyapitha, in the Biratunga village of the Puri district. There he was inspired by a teacher, Shri Shyama Sunder Nanda. He took first prize in an essay competition organized by the Odisha student council.

He earned his Bachelors in Commerce from Utkal University. After completing graduation from Ravenshaw university he started his professional career as an auditor in the finance department of the Odisha government in 1984. He retired from government services as an audit officer to become a writer, and now works in the fields of literature, radio, TV script writing, and translation work.

## Career

His wrote stories, features, humor and poems published in *Hindu Chetana*, *The Samay,* *The Prajatantra,* and other magazines. He was creatively inspired by his uncle, Srijukta Durga Charan Mohanty, a writer and Odisha Sahitya Academy awardee in 1965.

He is an impaneled B+, drama voice of the All India Radio Cuttack station and an approved off-street voice of the DD Odia – a channel of Doordarshan, India's public service broadcast, in Bhubaneshwar. He wrote dialogue for the TV serial "Sankha Sindhura," and has also published at least 45 books of his own writing glorifying children's literature and the intellectual horizon. He scripts his works in Odia, English, Bengali & Hind

## Recognition

He has received at least 30 literary awards in various fields.

* He was honoured in the centenary celebrations of Banikantha Nimain Harichandan in 2001.
* He received the Brajamohan memorial honour in 2014 for his overall career.
* He won the state level children literature Award in 1982 and 1984.

## Bibliography

1. *Upagalpa Shataka* -published by Satyanarayan Bookstore
2. *Kalajayi Prashna-Uttara* -published by Satyanarayan Bookstore
3. *Gandhi Mahatma* -published by Friends Publisher
4. *Chaturbidha Sadhanasiddha Mahapurusha Niigamananda'* -published by Satyanarayan Bookstore
5. *Banikantha Nimai Harichandan* -published by Odisha Bookstore
6. *SriPurushottama Chala Jiba* -published by Ananya Publications.
7. *Swami Ramatirtha* -published by Chinmaya Prakashan
8. *Sata Mo Bachana* -published by Satyanarayan Bookstore

## InfoBox

| Kanchinarayan Mohanty | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1956-02-12) 12 February 1956
Govindpur, Cuttack, Odisha, India |
| Spouse | Pravat Nalini Mohanty |
| Children | Ananya Mohanty, Siddhant Mohanty |
| Parent(s) | Late Gopal Charan Mohanty, Smt. Nishamani Mohanty |
| Awards | Banikantha Nimain Harichandan award
Brajamohan memorial honour |


title: Maurice Gaidon

abstract: Maurice-Adolphe Gaidon was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cahors, France. Ordained to the priesthood in 1956, Gaidon became a bishop in 1973 retiring in 2004.

text:
# Maurice Gaidon

**Maurice-Adolphe Gaidon** (17 January 1928  14 November 2011) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cahors, France.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1956, Gaidon became a bishop in 1973 retiring in 2004.

## InfoBox

| His Excellency
Maurice Gaidon | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Cahors | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| See | Diocese of Cahors |
| Predecessor | Joseph-Marie-Henri Rabine |
| Successor | Norbert José Henri Turini |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 29 June 1956 |
| Consecration | 30 September 1973
by André Charles de la Brousse |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1928-01-17)17 January 1928
Dijon, France |
| Died | 14 November 2011(2011-11-14) (aged 83)
Dijon, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Motto | Ex toto corde meo |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: NZR UD class

abstract: The NZR UD class was a class of two 4-6-0 steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1904 for the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company. When that company was nationalised in 1908, they passed into the ownership of the New Zealand Railways and received the designation UD.

text:
# NZR UD class

The **NZR UD class** was a class of two 4-6-0 steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1904 for the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company. When that company was nationalised in 1908, they passed into the ownership of the New Zealand Railways and received the designation UD.

## Introduction

The two locomotives were the final new motive power ordered by the independent Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company.

## Specification

Weighing 39.5 long tons (40.1 t; 44.2 short tons) with a tender of 27.4 long tons (27.8 t; 30.7 short tons), they could haul express trains easily at 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) on track that was flat or only a light grade. The 58 inches (1,473 mm) coupled driving wheels were large for the period, and were the largest to run in New Zealand. Their working steam pressure was 185 pounds per square inch (1,276 kPa), and they had 16.5 inches (419 mm) diameter cylinders with 22 inches (559 mm) piston strokes.

The handsome UD locomotives were more than capable of making up lost time, with mile-a-minute runs recalled with pride by Manawatu railway employees. Due to their power, the locomotives were capable of hauling mail trains without the need for a banking locomotive from Paekakariki south to Pukerua Bay, and were used principally on mail trains north of Paekakariki.

## Withdrawal

Although they were fast and powerful, the UD locomotives were unable to survive a programme of standardisation undertaken between 1925 and 1935 to eliminate small locomotive classes that were costly to maintain in favour of large, homogeneous types that provided economies of scale. They were written off in 1929.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Cassells, KR (Ken) (1994). *Uncommon Carrier - The History of the Wellington & Manawatu Railway Company, 1882-1908*. New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society. ISBN 0908573634.
* Hoy, Douglas (1972). *West of the Tararuas: An Illustrated History of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Co*. Dunedin: Southern Press.
* Millar, Sean (2011). *The NZR Steam Locomotive*. Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society. ISBN 978-0-908573-89-9.
* Palmer, A. N.; Stewart, W. W. (1965). *Cavalcade of New Zealand Locomotives*. Wellington: A H. & A W. Reed. ISBN 978-0-207-94500-7.
* Stewart, W. W. (1974). *When Steam was King*. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd. ISBN 978-0-589-00382-1.

## InfoBox

| NZR UD class | |
| --- | --- |
| Ud Class no 464 between 1909 and 1929 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder Baldwin Locomotive Works  Build date 1904  Total produced 2 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-6-0  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)  Driver dia. 58 in (1,473 mm)  Adhesive weight 29.2 long tons (29.7 t; 32.7 short tons)  Loco weight 39.5 long tons (40.1 t; 44.2 short tons)  Tender weight 27.4 long tons (27.8 t; 30.7 short tons)  Fuel type Coal  Water cap. 2,400 imp gal (11,000 L; 2,900 US gal)  Tender cap. 5 long tons (5.1 t; 5.6 short tons)  Firebox:   Grate area 16.5 sq ft (1.53 m2)  Boiler pressure 185 psi (1,276 kPa)  Heating surface 1,095 sq ft (101.7 m2)  Cylinders 2  Cylinder size 16.5 in × 22 in (419 mm × 559 mm)  Valve gear Stephenson | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort 15,280 lbf (68.0 kN) | |
| Career  Number in class 2  Retired 1929 | |