title: Wake the Union

abstract: Wake the Union is the sixteenth studio album by British folk duo Show of Hands. Although their fifteenth studio album, it is their eighth in their "canon" of studio albums. The release follows the successful Arrogance Ignorance and Greed (2009) and the limited edition albums Covers 2 (2010) and Backlog 2 (2011). Recorded and produced by Mark Tucker, the album takes a strong influence from both English and American folk music and was created as a "journey through of [the two countries'] landscapes united by a common tongue and musical heritage". The album again features their unofficial third member Miranda Sykes. The album was also described by Knightley as a direct continuation of Arrogance Ignorance and Greed, although critics saw it as very distinct in its own right. The album was also a 20th anniversary celebration for the duo. Released in October 2012 by the band's own label Hands on Music, it charted at number 73 in the UK Albums Chart, some 100 higher places than their only other album to chart at the time, Arrogance Ignorance and Greed. It was released to very positive reviews from critics, with some touting it as the duo's best album. The duo toured in promotion of the album from 2012 to 2014, although several songs from the album had debuted live in 2010. A 7-inch single featuring alternative versions of "Aunt Maria" and "King of the World" was released in 2013, whilst a rockumentary documenting the making of the album, Making the Waking, was released as a double-feature DVD release in 2013 with a concert film taken from the album's promotional tour, Live at Shrewsbury, which was a collaboration with the Urban Soul Orchestra.

text:
# Wake the Union

***Wake the Union*** is the sixteenth studio album by British folk duo Show of Hands. Although their fifteenth studio album, it is their eighth in their "canon" of studio albums (albums of new, lyrical material still in print). The release follows the successful *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed* (2009) and the limited edition albums *Covers 2* (2010) and *Backlog 2* (2011). Recorded and produced by Mark Tucker, the album takes a strong influence from both English and American folk music and was created as a "journey through of \[the two countries'\] landscapes united by a common tongue and musical heritage". The album again features their unofficial third member Miranda Sykes. The album was also described by Knightley as a direct continuation of *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed*, although critics saw it as very distinct in its own right. The album was also a 20th anniversary celebration for the duo.

Released in October 2012 by the band's own label Hands on Music, it charted at number 73 in the UK Albums Chart, some 100 higher places than their only other album to chart at the time, *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed*. It was released to very positive reviews from critics, with some touting it as the duo's best album. The duo toured in promotion of the album from 2012 to 2014, although several songs from the album had debuted live in 2010. A 7-inch single featuring alternative versions of "Aunt Maria" and "King of the World" was released in 2013, whilst a rockumentary documenting the making of the album, *Making the Waking*, was released as a double-feature DVD release in 2013 with a concert film taken from the album's promotional tour, *Live at Shrewsbury*, which was a collaboration with the Urban Soul Orchestra.

## Background

Show of Hands released their fourteenth studio album *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed* in 2009. The album was the second consecutive release by the band produced by an "outside producer", namely Stu Hanna of the English folk duo Megson, with additional production by Mark Tucker. The album followed a painfully emotion period for Steve Knightley where members of his family battled serious illnesses. This led to the album becoming particularly personal and darker than previous Show of Hands albums, aided by Hanna's direct and sharp production. The album was also very politically concerned. The album was released to a positive critical reception, many praising the darker tone to the album, although Phil Beer of the duo stated that the album did not sit well with several fans. The album entered the UK Album Chart at number 170, becoming their first album to chart. In 2010, the duo recorded their second album of cover versions, *Covers 2*, for a limited edition release, and recorded a collection of re-recordings of older material, *Backlog 2*, in 2011.

Meanwhile, the duo had decided to change their sound for their next release, and to take part in the production of the album, something the duo had not done since *Country Life* (2003). They decided to re-hire Mark Tucker as co-producer. In January 2012, Knightley took part in the Cecil Sharp Project, a commission that included Knightley to create new material based on the life and collections of the founding father of the English folk revival Cecil Sharp. Knightley's musical focus became more evident in its American influence, and this would dominate the following album. After a year away from studio recording in 2011, the band recorded the album in 2012, over three different recording studios; Phil's Music Room in Devon, The Green Room, Devon and Highlands Farm Barn. The album was mastered at Masterblaster Audio Mastering in Canalot Studios, London. The working name of the album was *Who Gets to Feel Good*, but was later changed to *Wake the Union*.

## Music and lyrics

### Style

Produced by Mark Tucker, *Wake the Union* is a crossover between English folk music and Americana and is a non-narrative concept album about the two countries. Born out of the duo's love of both English and North American acoustic and roots music, the album was described by the duo as taking "a journey through the heart of two landscapes united by a common tongue and musical heritage." The album feature themes and styles that alternate between the two countries. The band's website says that the album sees the duo "weave a touch of folk, a hint of blues and a pinch of country" into the album. UK Folk Music noted that "with more than a touch of Americana liberally sprinkled throughout the recording and images of Dust Bowl tumbleweed blowing about courtesy of sampled instruments," the album could provide the band an American breakthrough. *Northern Sky* observed that although Knightley is known for his "distinctly English songs, the material on *Wake the Union* tends to straddle the border of what we now know as Americana in places, but with the band's British acoustic roots still showing." The *Financial Times* said the album shows the duo return with "less anger and more music ranging from jazz shuffles to slide guitar baiting". *Folk Radio* also observed that some tracks contain influences of the Cecil Sharp Project, a commission that included Knightley to create new material based on the life and collections of the founding father of the English folk revival Cecil Sharp.

Knightley also stated that the album intentionally carries on where the band's previous Knightley-composed album *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed* had left off. The album was also described by the duo as their "20th anniversary" album. Whilst the duo had become Show of Hands in 1987, it was not until 1992 that they would record their first canonical album. Concerning the album's lyrics, Folk Radio observed that there is "a liberal sprinkling of death and desertion throughout the songs, but this is folk music, the body count is always high." David Kidman of *NetRhythms* has said that the album contains "acerbic topical and social commentary through historical storytelling to evocative Americana, throwing in traditional-style folk-romance, matters of the heart and work arising from special projects along the way, all the while meaningfully interweaving key influences and inspirations yet making the resultant creations uniquely their own. And that's a hell of a skill to have developed." The album features numerous guest musicians, including the duo's unofficial "third member" Miranda Sykes on double bass and vocals, alongside Martin Simpson, Seth Lakeman, BJ Cole, Andy Cutting, Bellowhead's Paul Sartin, Cormac Byrne and Leonard Podolak.

### Composition

Co-written between Knightley and the song's guest musician Seth Lakeman, the opening song, "Haunt You", is a "hard-hitting and spiteful" song with "bitter recrimination". The laidback blues-styled "Company Town" is reminiscent of "Buddy Can You Spare A Dime?". It features a jazz shuffle that has been compared to Richard Thompson, and has been described as a lyrical continuation of the themes from *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed*. The song features Paul Sartin of Bellowhead's Cor Anglais and Paul Downes performing tenor banjo. "Now You Know" showcases the duo's lighter side and was a concert regular for the duo for several years prior to the album's release. David Kidman of *NetRhythms* described it as "one of Knightley's solid-gold-classic romantic dilemma-songs". "Katrina" is about the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, and features Leonard Podolak's 5 string banjo and the dobro of Phil Henry creating an ethereal backdrop. The titular river of "Cruel River" is the River Dart and is a re-recording of the song originally featured on Knightley's solo album *Cruel River* (2007).

"Aunt Maria", which features slide guitar from Martin Simpson, is about the titular Aunt meeting song collector Cecil Sharp. The song originated from Knightley's involvement in Cecil Sharp Project in January 2012, where he developed material with British and American musicians to celebrate Cecil Sharp's Appalachian song gathering. The BBC said that "Maria allows her song to be recorded and her history told, but is uneasy about the difference in class between herself and Sharp, and anxious that she shouldn't be the only one to whom the collector talks. "There's lots more folk like me, sir," Knightly sings as Maria. "Why don't you come and see, sir?"." As with "Katrina", the song features Leonard Podolak performing a 5-string banjo. Sykes interjects two verses from the traditional song "Bonnie Light Horseman" into the album's seventh song "Coming Home", "subtly complicating \[the\] otherwise simple tale of a family's bad seed." The song is a "telling snapshot of the Afghan war campaign." "Reunion Hill" is about a Civil War window, and is a cover of Richard Shindell's Prairie ballad. "No Man's Land" is a "sparsely-scored genuine-angst-ridden slow-burner" dedicated to the late Jackie Leven.

The tenth track is the duo's cover of Bob Dylan's lesser-known cowboy song "Seven Curses". "Home to a Million Thoughts" is a song of "simple wistful nostalgia" written as a commission for the reopening of Exeter's Royal Albert Memorial Museum. "Who Gets to Feel Good" is a country-waltzer that demonstrates Knightley's" skill in transposing the perils of love to the indigenous American musical idiom". "Stop Copying Me" is a tongue-in-cheek song that turns a suspicious eye on the life virtual and digital. After "King of the World" is the album's concluding song, "Thanks", which was used as the band's concert closer.

## Release and promotion

*Wake the Union* was released on 15 October 2012 by the band's own record label Hands on Music. The album underwent long promotional campaigns. "Now You Know" and "Stop Copying Me" were both first played live in 2010, and became concert standards for the duo. Other songs from this album debuted live in August 2012 during the album's promotional tour, including "Haunt Me", which was performed at Beautiful Days during the same bill that included Lakeman. The album was touted as the duo's "20th anniversary celebration". The duo toured in promotion of the album from 2012 to 2013. The duo made several radio appearances to promote the album, including on Simon Mayo's *Drivetime* show on BBC Radio 2 on 6 March 2013. In December 2012, the duo appeared on Brooklands Radio's *Mainly Folk* programme in a special interview feature. "Now You Know" was included on the station's "*Mainly Folk* Playlist". The duo's performance of "Company Town" on Mark Radcliffe's BBC Radio 2 show was included on the compilation album *The Mark Radcliffe Folk Sessions 2013*, released in November 2013.

Different versions of the songs "Aunt Maria" and "King of the World" were released as a 7-inch single by Proper Records in 2013. The songs were remixed by their original producer, Mark Tucker, and the single was the duo's first vinyl release. In Autumn 2013, a behind-the-scenes "making of" rockumentary about the album, entitled *Making the Waking*, was released as a DVD set with a concert film of the duo entitled *Live from Shrewsbury*. Mark Tucker also provided the role of producer for the documentary. The DVD set, entitled simply *Live at Shrewsbury / Making the Waking*, was the band's first DVD release since 2007. The *Live at Shrewsbury* concert is a collaboration between the duo and the Urban Soul Orchestra, who act as the duo's prolific backing band, and was recorded at Shrewsbury Folk Festival. Knightley also released *Songbook 5: Wake the Union* in 2013 at the start of his solo tour, a songbook containing all fourteen songs he composed for *Wake the Union*, as well as material from *Covers 2*, his solo album *Live in Somerset*, and *The Cuatro Tracks* bonus material−seven tracks originally written and arranged for cuatro and ukulele.

### Album cover

The album cover, created by design agency Stylorogue, and Mark Higenbottam, features a cotton-stringed acoustic guitar adorned with various English and North American symbols, reflecting the English and American themes of the album. The symbols featured vary, such as highway road signs (the signs for U.S. Route 66 and the A303), national flags (the United Kingdom and the United States), other national symbols (such as the Statue of Liberty and the Royal Air Force roundel) as well as folk performers, including Woody Guthrie and his "This machine kills fascists" guitar. Elsewhere in the packaging is photography from Rob O'Connor, and the album's lyrics.

The album cover was highlighted in several reviews. *Folk Radio* said that a glance at the album cover "leaves no doubt as to \[the duo's\] intention, there's the Union Jack and the Stars and Stripes, Woody Guthrie's guitar still promising to kill fascists, and you can head west on the highway that's the best, that's either Route 66 or the A303, your choice. This showcasing of both English and American roots to the music is surely no surprise from Phil Beer given his solo and Phil Beer Band output. But it's maybe less expected from Steve Knightley, many of whose strongest songs resonate with a sense of place that is not just English but quintessentially West Country." *Northern Sky* said that "the cover shot of a well-travelled guitar maps out the journey these songs represent with little or no ambiguity." *UK Folk Music* commended the album cover as "stunning art design". Grem Devlin of *The Living Tradition* made note of the album's overall packaging, saying "as usual the packaging is excellent – indeed a lyrics book where us mere mortals can actually read the words without the need for a microscope." The album was a runner-up in *fRoots*' list of the top five "Best Packaged Albums of 2012".

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| BBC Music | (favourable) |
| *Financial Times* |  |
| Folk Radio | (favourable) |
| *The Living Tradition* | (favourable) |
| *NetRhythms* | (favourable) |
| *Northern Sky* |  |
| *The Scotsman* |  |
| *The Daily Telegraph* |  |
| UK Folk Music | (10/10) |

The album was released to a very favourable critical reception. BBC Music were positive about the album, saying that "it's unlikely to win over many new fans, but those already under the band's wingspan are, once again, richly rewarded with another thought-provoking collection." *The Daily Telegraph* rated the album with four stars out of five said "The success of *Wake The Union* is in blending the band's trademark British folk with Americana. Knightley (part of the trio that includes Phil Beer and double bassist Miranda Sykes) describes it as "a journey through the heart of two landscapes united by a common tongue and musical heritage." The *Financial Times* published a four star review saying "The duo returns with less anger and more music ranging from jazz shuffles to slide guitar baiting."

*Folk Radio* said that "*Wake the Union* comes across as a return not just to their musical roots but also to pleasing this core audience. In contrast to *AIG*, and previous album *Witness*, both Phil and Steve took a full part in the production of *Wake the Union*, alongside named producer Mark Tucker. So, whilst the material ranges widely in its geography, the sound is unmistakably that of Devon's finest." David Kidman of *NetRhythms* concluded that "*Wake the Union* is definitely another milestone in Show Of Hands' already stunningly illustrious career." Pete Fyfe of *UK Folk Music* rated the album "unreservedly ten out of ten" and said that "personally for me this album really is a turning point in my appreciation for all things American styled and congratulations must go to the other musicians involved in the project." Norman Chalmers's review for *The Scotsman* singled out "Haunt You" as a song that readers should download and rated the album four stars out of five. Singer-songwriter Mike Harding said on BBC Radio 2 that "they've made a shedload of great albums...this is their best album," whilst radio DJ and television presenter Simon Mayo said that "*Wake the Union* is one fine album". Similarly, the album's producer Mark Tucker said the album had been "repeatedly hailed" as "their best yet". *The Daily Telegraph* included the album in its unordered list of the "Best Folk Music Albums of 2012". In January 2013, the duo were nominated in the Songlines Music Awards.

The album charted at number 73 in the UK Album Chart, becoming their second album to chart after *Arrogance Ignorance and Greed*, which reached number 170. Earlier in the week, it had charted in the Midweek Charts at number 35. Nonetheless, the duo were not concerned with charting on the UK Album Charts. When asked by *Alt Blackpool* if they would hope their following album would reach the top 10, Steve Knightley replied: "No, not at all. It doesn't mean anything. People get to number one because the record companies give away one free with every one that's bought so it's a big con. We're more concerned with selling to people at gigs and selling regularly at realistic prices so it's a nice PR thing every now and then but it doesn't mean much."

## Track listing

All songs written by Steve Knightley except where noted.

1. "Haunt You" (with Seth Lakeman)
2. "Company Town"
3. "Now You Know"
4. "Katrina" (Chris Hoban)
5. "Cruel River"
6. "Aunt Maria" (with The Cecil Sharp Project)
7. "Coming Home"
8. "Reunion Hill" (Richard Shindell)
9. "No Man's Land"
10. "Seven Curses" (Bob Dylan)
11. "Home to a Million Thoughts"
12. "Who Gets to Feel Good"
13. "Stop Copying Me"
14. "King of the World"
15. "Thanks"

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums Chart | 73 |
|

## InfoBox

| Wake the Union | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Show of Hands | |
| Released | 15 October 2012 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Studio | * Phil's Music Room, Devon * The Green Room, Devon * Highlands Farm Barn |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 56:50 |
| Label | Hands on Music |
| Producer | Mark Tucker |
| Show of Hands chronology | |
| *Backlog 2*
(2011) ***Wake the Union***
(2012) *Centenary: Words & Music of the Great War*
(2014) | |


title: HKP 562 forced labor camp

abstract:
HKP 562 was the site of a Nazi forced labor camp for Jews in Vilnius, Lithuania, during the Holocaust.
It was centered around 47 & 49 Subačiaus Street, in apartment buildings originally built to house poor members of the Jewish community. The camp was used by the German army as a slave labor camp from September 1943 until July 1944. During that interval, the camp was officially owned and administered by the SS, but run on a day-to-day basis by a Wehrmacht engineering unit, Heereskraftfahrpark (HKP) 562, stationed in Vilnius. HKP 562's commanding officer, Major Karl Plagge, was sympathetic to the plight of his Jewish workers. Plagge and some of his men made efforts to protect the Jews of the camp from the murderous intent of the SS. It was partially due to the covert resistance to the Nazi policy of genocide toward the Jews by members of the HKP 562 engineering unit that over 250 Jewish men, women and children survived the final liquidation of the camp in July 1944, the single largest group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius.

text:
# HKP 562 forced labor camp

**HKP 562** was the site of a Nazi forced labor camp for Jews in Vilnius, Lithuania, during the Holocaust. It was centered around 47 & 49 Subačiaus Street, in apartment buildings originally built to house poor members of the Jewish community. The camp was used by the German army as a slave labor camp from September 1943 until July 1944.

During that interval, the camp was officially owned and administered by the SS, but run on a day-to-day basis by a Wehrmacht engineering unit, Heereskraftfahrpark (HKP) 562 (Army Motor Vehicle Repair Park 562), stationed in Vilnius. HKP 562's commanding officer, Major Karl Plagge, was sympathetic to the plight of his Jewish workers. Plagge and some of his men made efforts to protect the Jews of the camp from the murderous intent of the SS. It was partially due to the covert resistance to the Nazi policy of genocide toward the Jews by members of the HKP 562 engineering unit that over 250 Jewish men, women and children survived the final liquidation of the camp in July 1944, the single largest group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius.

## Establishment

After having hired endangered Jews in the Vilna Ghetto to work in his unit's workshops from 1941 to 1943, thereby protecting the workers and their families from the murderous activities of the SS, the HKP camp was hastily erected in September 1943 when Plagge learned of the impending liquidation of the Vilna Ghetto, where all inhabitants were to be killed regardless of their work papers.

Plagge first traveled to Kaunas to the Wehrmacht headquarters and then to Riga to the SS administrative offices to argue on behalf of establishing a free-standing camp outside of the Vilna Ghetto. He met considerable resistance, especially from the SS, regarding this plan and his insistence that the women and children not be separated from the men, which he said would negatively affect worker morale and productivity. He was ultimately successful and on the evening of September 16, 1943, drove a convoy of trucks into the Vilna Ghetto and loaded more than 1,200 endangered Jewish ghetto residents onto his trucks and transported them to the relative safety of the newly erected HKP camp on Subocz (Subačiaus) Street.

The camp centered around two parallel residential houses built in 1898 by baron Hirsch for poor Jewish residents. The inhabitants were evicted by the Nazis in 1941 and later executed in the Paneriai massacre.

One week later the Vilna Ghetto was liquidated by the SS and its 15,000 remaining residents were either killed in the nearby killing grounds at Ponary or transported to concentration camps across Nazi-occupied Europe. Documents found by the Jewish Museum in Vilnius show that the camp housed 1,234 Jewish men, women and children. Initially, only men were employed in vehicle repair workshops in and around the camp; however, after an attempt was made by the SS to transfer the women and children to the Kaunas concentration camp in January 1944, Plagge engaged two clothing manufacturers to set up clothing repair shops in the top two floors of one of the apartment buildings and put the women and older children to work so that they would not appear to be idle to outside observers.

Plagge also gave orders that "the civilians are to be treated with respect", and thus the camp was largely free of the abuse and brutality found in most slave labor camps. Importantly, Plagge undertook great efforts to supplement the starvation-level rations for Polish and the even smaller rations for Jewish workers. While in the ghetto in Vilnius smuggling of food was punishable by death, under Plagge's command a blind eye was turned on the black market for food in the camp. Due to these measures no prisoner died of starvation in the camp. Similarly, the work hours were relatively humane, consisting of "only" twelve hours including a one-hour break.

In spite of the generally benign attitude of the officers and men of the HKP unit, the SS did enter the camp on several occasions and committed atrocities. Most notable was the Kinderaktion (an operation against the camp's children) on 27 March 1944, during which the SS, supervised by Martin Weiss, removed the vast majority of the 250 children living in the camp, who were then taken to their deaths.

## Liquidation

As the Red Army approached Vilnius in late June 1944, the Wehrmacht prepared to retreat. The Jewish prisoners in the camp were aware (having heard news reports from the BBC on covert radio sets) that whenever the Red Army liberated a Jewish slave-labor camp, they found all the inmates dead, having been shot by SS killing squads just before the Germans retreated. Thus many of the prisoners had been working on hiding places (called Malines) or escape plans in the months leading up to the summer of 1944. But they needed to know when the SS squads would arrive to exterminate the prisoners. On Saturday, 1 July 1944, Plagge entered the camp, with SS Oberscharfürhrer Richter at his side and made an informal speech as the camp's Jewish prisoners gathered around him. Plagge announced that he and his men had been ordered to withdraw to the west, and that he had not been able to obtain permission to take the workers with the unit; however he reassured them that the prisoners were to be relocated by the SS on Monday, July 3, and commented that they should not worry because they all knew that the SS was an organization devoted to the protection of refugees. With this covert warning, more than half the camp's prisoners went into hiding before the SS death squads arrived on 3 July 1944. The 500 prisoners who did appear at the roll call called by the SS were taken to the forest of Paneriai and shot. Over the next three days the SS searched the camp and its surroundings and succeeded in finding half of the missing prisoners; these 250 Jews were shot in the camp courtyard and behind Building 2. However, when the Red Army captured Vilnius a few days later, some 250 of the camp's Jews emerged from their hiding places and were the largest single group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius.

After the end of the war, the apartment blocks were reverted to residential housing once more. After the restoration of the independence of Lithuania, commemorative plaques were installed on the buildings and a memorial was built nearby.

## Recent Research

In July and August 2017 a research team led by Richard Freund from the University of Hartford conducted archeological surveys of the former HKP camp site using non-invasive techniques such as Ground Penetrating Radar, Electric Resistance Tomography and drone-obtained high-resolution topographical maps. Their studies strongly supported the testimony which placed the location of a large mass grave from the final liquidation of the camp at the south end of the courtyard (under the current memorials as well as the parking area). They also confirmed the location of two pits in a trench near the outside wall of building number two (the western building) where witnesses reported that prisoners were shot and buried in a long trench along the side of the building. Additionally using drawings and written accounts of camp survivors the team was able to locate the "large maline" where 100 men, women and children succeeded in hiding during the final days of the camp and thus evaded the SS killing squads that descended on the camp on July 3–5, 1944.

## Notable people

Former Prisoners at HKP 562:

* Hirsch Schwartzberg, Jewish leader of Holocaust survivors (Yiddish: בפרייטה יידין אויף ברלין) under the American occupation of Berlin
* Samuel Bak
* Samuel Esterowicz

## InfoBox

| HKP 562 forced labor camp | |
| --- | --- |
| Nazi concentration camp | |
| A Holocaust memorial near the former camp, Subačiaus Street | |
| Location of HKP 562 forced labor camp within Lithuania | |
| Coordinates | 54°40′34″N 25°18′18″E / 54.67611°N 25.30500°E / 54.67611; 25.30500 |
| Known for | largest single group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius |
| Location | Vilnius, Lithuania |
| Operated by | SS and Heereskraftfahrpark (HKP) 562 (Army Motor Vehicle Repair Park 562), |
| Commandant | Major Karl Plagge |
| Original use | apartment buildings |
| Operational | 16 September 1943 – 3 July 1944 |
| Inmates | Jews |
| Number of inmates | 1,234 |
| Killed | 750 |
| Liberated by | Red Army, July 1944 |
| Notable inmates | Hirsch Schwartzberg, Samuel Bak |


title: HKR International

abstract: HKR International Limited is a conglomerate headquartered in Hong Kong. The company was founded by Cha Chi-ming, a textile industrialist from Shanghai and one of the pioneers of Hong Kong's industrial boom in the 1950-70s. The head office is in the Shun Tak Centre in Central.

text:
# HKR International

| HKR International | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 香港興業國際集團有限公司 |
| Simplified Chinese | 香港兴业国际集团有限公司 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Xiānggǎng Xīngyè Guójì Jítuán Yǒuxiàngōngsī  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping hoeng1 gong2 hing3 gwok3 zai3 zaap6 tyun4 jau5 haan6 gung1 si1 | |
|  | |

**HKR International Limited** (Chinese: 香港興業國際集團有限公司, abbreviated as HKRI) is a conglomerate headquartered in Hong Kong. The company was founded by Cha Chi-ming, a textile industrialist from Shanghai and one of the pioneers of Hong Kong's industrial boom in the 1950-70s.

The head office is in the Shun Tak Centre in Central.

## History

HKR International is traced back to Hong Kong Resort Company Limited (“Hong Kong Resort”) founded in 1973. In 1977, the company acquired the rights to Discovery Bay development on Lantau Island in an opaque and much criticized deal. HKRI now manages Discovery Bay as a privately owned and operated town of 20,000 people.

HKRI is listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, with a stock code 00480. The company has interests in real estate development and investment, property management, hotels and serviced apartments, healthcare services and other investments in Hong Kong, Mainland China and other parts of Asia.

## Major development

### Real estate development and investment

Real estate development and investment is the core business of HKRI across Asia, including Hong Kong, Mainland China, Thailand and Japan. Discovery Bay on Lantau Island is its major project. At present, there are over 8,000 households with a total population of about 20,000.

#### Hong Kong

Covering a site area of 650 hectares (6,500,000 square metres), Discovery Bay has undergone continuous development. Facilities in the community include a golf course, a marina, a manmade beach, two clubhouses, two shopping centres, education options ranging from kindergarten to secondary schools, and a developed transportation system (including high-speed ferry and bus services and a privately built vehicle tunnel).

HKRI's other projects in Hong Kong include Villa LUCCA in Tai Po; La Cresta in Kau To, Shatin; 2GETHER in Wu On Street, Tuen Mun; Coastal Skyline in Tung Chung; and Discovery Park in Tsuen Wan. Over the years, a total GFA of more than 1.4 million square metres has been developed. HKRI acquired a residential building Wellgan Villa in Kowloon Tong in 2019.

For commercial properties, HKRI holds CDW Building in Tsuen Wan which includes a commercial building and a shopping centre named 8½. Other commercial properties are: DB Plaza and DBN Plaza in Discovery Bay, as well as West Gate Tower in Cheung Sha Wan, and United Daily News Centre in To Kwa Wan.

#### Mainland China

The development projects of HKRI located in Shanghai, Zhejiang and Tianjin.

In Shanghai, HKRI has partnered with Swire Properties to develop a project called HKRI Taikoo Hui. With a GFA of approximately 320,000 square metres, HKRI Taikoo Hui is a mixed-use complex comprising a retail centre, two Grade-A office towers, two hotels, one serviced apartment building, a number of event venues and the “Cha House”, a revitalized historic building.

HKRI Taikoo Hui locates in Jing’an district in Shanghai. Key anchor tenants include the first international Starbucks Reserve Roastery and Tasting Room in Asia and the largest CitySuper supermarket in mainland China. There are over 40 dining outlets, offering various types of cuisine, including Shanghai Club, the premium brand under Jardin de Jade, and Paris Blanc, a grill house managed by Paris Group.

HKRI has other residential projects in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai. City One in Jiaxing provides about 600 units, while the adjacent Riviera One, is composed of low- and high-rise apartment units. There are 3 other projects in Jiaxing, namely Mansion One, Creekside One and Starlight One. Other projects include Oasis One and In One in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Elite House, located in Changning District, Shanghai. HKRI also acquired a piece of land in Shanghai in November 2021 for a low-density residential project.

The Exchange is HKRI's investment property in Tianjin. It has a total GFA of over 152,000 square metres, and comprises two Grade-A office towers, a service apartment tower, and a retail mall named Heping Joy City – Tianjin.

#### Thailand

The Sukhothai Residences is located in Bangkok's CBD and provides 196 units. On top of The Sukhothai Residences, HKRI acquired a piece of freehold land on Wireless Road in 2010. In December 2015, it further acquired 10 plots of land at Rama 3 Road by the Chaophraya River. HKRI acquired another three plots of land located at Ramintra Road, Khannayao District, Bangkok, in February 2018.

#### Japan

HKRI holds a plot as land bank with a site area of approximately 60,700 square metres in Niseko, Hokkaido, in the vicinity of Niseko Annupuri ski village.

### Hospitality

#### Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, Auberge Discovery Bay Hong Kong opened in 2013. The hotel provides 325 guest rooms.

Discovery Bay Recreation Club & Club Siena

Discovery Bay Golf Club

Lantau Yacht Club (LYC) is one of the four membership clubs in Discovery Bay, and the first new marina to open in Hong Kong in more than a decade. The new marina is open in 2020 and is accredited as a 5 Gold Anchor Marina by the Marina Industries Association.

Discovery Bay Ice Rink was opened in May 2021.

#### Thailand

In Thailand, The Sukhothai Bangkok is located in the heart of city and is a member of the Design Hotels. It has 210 guest rooms and suites, 7 restaurants and 11 function rooms.

#### Shanghai

In Shanghai, The Sukhothai Shanghai is HKRI's third hotel and was open in April 2018.

1. "Contact Us". HKR International Limited. Retrieved 2023-12-09. Mail HKR International Limited 23/F, China Merchants Tower Shun Tak Centre 168 Connaught Road Central Hong Kong \- Traditional Chinese: "香港干諾道中168號 信德中心招商局大廈23樓", Simplified Chinese: "香港干诺道中168号 信德中心招商局大厦23楼"
2. Hong Kong Resort Company Limited (1987). *NEW ISSUE*. Hong Kong. p. 7.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
3. "Hong Kong's Mega-Rich Kowtow in Beijing | Asia Sentinel". *www.asiasentinel.com*. Archived from the original on 2014-09-27.
4. "HKR International Ltd". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
5. "HKR International Ltd". *www.hkri.com/en/Our-Businesses/Hong-Kong/Discovery-Bay*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
6. "地區概覽 | 2016年中期人口統計". *www.bycensus2016.gov.hk* (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 2018-03-20.
7. "HKR International Ltd". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
8. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Villa LUCCA". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
9. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-La Cresta". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
10. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-2GETHER". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
11. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Coastal Skyline". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
12. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Discovery Park". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
13. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Wellgan Villa". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
14. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-CDW Building". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
15. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-DB Plaza/D'Deck". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
16. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-DB North Plaza". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
17. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-West Gate Tower". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
18. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-United Daily News Centre". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
19. "興業太古滙". *www.swireproperties.com*. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
20. "HKR International Ltd". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
21. 陳嘉碧. "太古150年後再到上海發展 興業太古滙合作 源於一位好友牽線". *香港01*. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
22. "南京西路交通条件最好的商场 兴业太古汇的招商情况如何？". *www.sohu.com*. 2016-10-29. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
23. "Starbucks Reserve Roastery Shanghai". *Starbucks Reserve*. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
24. "International brands open up for HKRI Taikoo Hui launch - Inside Retail". *Inside Retail*. 2017-11-06. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
25. "兴业太古汇正式宣布2017年开业，数载雕琢落成南京西路商圈-美通社PR-Newswire". *PR Newswire*. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
26. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
27. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Mainland China". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
28. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Elite House". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
29. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Songjiang Land". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
30. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-The Exchange". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
31. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-The Sukhothai Residences". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
32. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Wireless Road". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
33. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Rama 3 Road". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
34. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Ramintra Road". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
35. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Niseko". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
36. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-Auberge Discovery Bay". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
37. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-DBRC & Club Siena". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
38. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-DBGC". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
39. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-LYC". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
40. "HKR International Ltd-Our Business-DBIR". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
41. "The Sukhothai Bangkok (Bangkok, Thailand) | Design Hotels™". Archived from the original on 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
42. "HKR International Limited". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
43. "HKR International Ltd". *www.hkri.com*. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
44. "The Sukhothai Hotel Shanghai". *The Sukhothai Shanghai*. Retrieved 2018-03-20.

## InfoBox

HKR International Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | SEHK: 480 |
| Industry | Conglomerate |
| Predecessor | Hong Kong Resort Company |
| Founded | May 25, 1973 (1973-05-25) in Hong Kong |
| Founder | Dr. Cha Chi Ming |
| Headquarters | 23/F, China Merchants Tower Shun Tak Centre, 168 Connaught Road, Central, Hong Kong |
| Website | http://www.hkri.com/ |


title: HLA-A30

abstract:
HLA-A30 (A30) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁳⁰ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A30, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*30 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A30 and A*30 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A30 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A30 is a sister serotype of A29, A31, A32, A33, and A74.

text:
# HLA-A30

**HLA-A30** (A30) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α30 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A30, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A\*30 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A30 and A\*30 are almost synonymous in meaning. A30 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A30 is a sister serotype of A29, A31, A32, A33, and A74.

## Serotype

A30 recognition of some HLA A\*30 gene products
| A\*30 | **A30** | A19 | A31 | Sample |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| allele | % | % | % | size (N) |
| \*3001 | 89 | 1 | 3 | 3517 |
| \*3002 | 93 | 1 | 2 | 2124 |
| \*3004 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 85 |
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## Alleles

HLA A\*3001 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| India West Coast Parsis | 16.0 |
| Mali Bandiagara | 14.1 |
| Zambia Lusaka | 14.0 |
| South African Natal Zulu | 9.5 |
| Jordan Amman | 9.3 |
| Pakistan Kalash | 9.2 |
| Zimbabwe Harare Shona | 9.1 |
| China Beijing | 9.0 |
| Kenya | 8.4 |
| Sudanese | 6.8 |
| Kenya Luo | 6.4 |
| India Khandesh Pawra | 6.0 |
| Pakistan Pathan | 5.6 |
| Cameroon Yaounde | 5.5 |
| USA African America | 5.0 |
| Kenya Nandi | 4.8 |
| Tunisia | 4.1 |
| Cameroon Beti | 4.0 |
| China Inner Mongolia | 3.9 |
| Cameroon Sawa | 3.8 |
| China North Han | 3.8 |
| Guinea Bissau | 3.8 |
| Senegal Niokholo Mandenka | 3.8 |
| South Korea (3) | 3.5 |
| India North Delhi | 3.3 |
| Cameroon Bamileke | 3.2 |
| Pakistan Baloch | 3.2 |
| Uganda Kampala | 3.1 |
| Israel Arab Druse | 3.0 |
| China Qinghai Hui | 2.7 |
| USA Hispanic | 2.6 |
| Brazil | 2.5 |
| France South East | 2.3 |
| Iran Baloch | 2.2 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 2.1 |
| USA North American Native… | 2.1 |
| Portugal Centre | 2.0 |
| Romanian | 2.0 |
| Czech Republic | 1.9 |
| Taiwan Hakka | 1.8 |
| USA Asian | 1.8 |
| Brazil Terena | 1.7 |
| Georgia Tbilisi Kurds | 1.7 |
| USA Caucasians (3) | 1.7 |
| China South Han | 1.6 |
| Morocco Nador Metalsa Cla… | 1.4 |
| Croatia | 1.3 |
| Macedonia (4) | 1.2 |
| Mexico Mestizos | 1.2 |
| India Andhra Pradesh Goll… | 1.1 |
| Ireland Northern | 1.1 |
| Mexico Chihuahua State Ta… | 1.1 |
| Mongolia Buriat | 1.1 |
| Pakistan Brahui | 1.1 |
| Portugal North | 1.1 |
| Thailand | 1.1 |
|  | |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

HLA A\*3002 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Zambia Lusaka | 23.3 |
| Zimbabwe Harare Shona | 14.7 |
| Senegal Niokholo Mandenka | 12.4 |
| Cameroon Beti | 9.5 |
| Morocco 'Berber' Nador Me… | 8.9 |
| South African Natal Zulu | 8.5 |
| Cameroon Sawa | 7.7 |
| Cameroon Bamileke | 7.1 |
| Cameroon Yaounde | 6.0 |
| Kenya Luo | 5.9 |
| USA African Americans (3) | 5.8 |
| Tunisia | 5.6 |
| Cameroon Pygmy Baka | 5.0 |
| Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz… | 4.9 |
| Oman | 4.2 |
| Pakistan Baloch | 4.0 |
| Uganda Kampala | 4.0 |
| Kenya Nandi | 3.7 |
| Mali Bandiagara | 3.4 |
| Pakistan Brahui | 3.4 |
| USA Hispanic | 3.4 |
| Guinea Bissau | 3.1 |
| USA South Texas Hispanics | 3.0 |
| Iran Baloch | 2.8 |
| Sudanese | 2.8 |
| Brazil | 2.5 |
| Portugal Centre | 2.0 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 1.9 |
| USA North American Native… | 1.9 |
| Georgia Tbilisi Kurds | 1.7 |
| Belgium | 1.6 |
| France South East | 1.2 |
| Ireland Northern | 1.2 |
| Macedonia | 1.2 |
| Pakistan Burusho | 1.1 |
| USA Caucasian Bethesda | 1.1 |
|  | |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

### Disease association

A\*3002 alters Type 1 diabetes risk

## InfoBox

| HLA-A30 | |
| --- | --- |
| (MHC Class I,  cell surface antigen) | |
| HLA-A30 | |
| About | |
| Protein | transmembrane receptor/ligand |
| Structure | αβ heterodimer |
| Subunits | HLA-A\*30--, β2-microglobulin |
| Older names | A19 |
| Subtypes | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A30.3 \*3001   A30.2 \*3002   {{{cNick3}}} \*30{{{cAllele3}}}   {{{cNick4}}} \*30{{{cAllele4}}} | |
| Rare alleles | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A30.4 \*3004   {{{rnick2}}} \*30{{{rallele2}}}   {{{rnick3}}} \*30{{{rallele3}}} | |
| Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI | |


title: HLA-A29

abstract:
HLA-A29 (A29) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁲⁹ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A29, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*29 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2902. A29 and A*29 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A29 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A29 is a sister serotype of A30, A31, A32, A33, and A74. A29 is more common in Western Africa and Southwestern Europe.

text:
# HLA-A29

**HLA-A29** (A29) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α29 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A29, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A\*29 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A\*2902. A29 and A\*29 are almost synonymous in meaning. A29 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A29 is a sister serotype of A30, A31, A32, A33, and A74.

A29 is more common in Western Africa and Southwestern Europe.

## Serotype

A29 recognition of some HLA A\*29 gene products
| A\*29 | **A29** | Sample |
| --- | --- | --- |
| allele | % | size (N) |
| \*2901 | 96 | 119 |
| \*2902 | 99 | 1148 |
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## Allele distribution

HLA A\*2902 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Spain Pas Valley | 13.5 |
| Spain Basque Gipuzkoa Pro… | 12.5 |
| South Africa Tswana | 12.2 |
| South African Natal Zulu | 11.0 |
| Cameroon Yaounde | 10.4 |
| Cameroon Pygmy Baka | 10.0 |
| Zimbabwe Harare Shona | 9.6 |
| Burkina Faso Fulani | 9.5 |
| Spain Catalonia Girona | 9.3 |
| Spain Ibizans | 9.3 |
| Tunisia Ghannouch | 9.1 |
| Saudi Arabia | 8.7 |
| Cameroon Bamileke | 8.4 |
| Cameroon Bakola Pygmy | 8.3 |
| Spain Murcia | 8.3 |
| Spain Menorca | 8.2 |
| Spain Basque Arratia Vall… | 8.0 |
| Cameroon Sawa | 7.7 |
| Spain North Cabuernigo | 7.7 |
| Tunisia | 7.2 |
| Portugal Centre | 7.0 |
| Spain Eastern Andalusia | 6.9 |
| Tunisia | 6.7 |
| Cameroon Beti | 6.3 |
| France Corsica | 6.0 |
| Scotland Orkney | 6.0 |
| Spain North Cantabrian | 6.0 |
| Zambia Lusaka | 5.8 |
| Kenya Luo | 5.3 |
| England Liverpool | 5.2 |
| France South East | 5.1 |
| Ireland Northern | 4.9 |
| Kenya | 4.9 |
| Tunisia Tunis | 4.9 |
| USA Hispanic | 4.9 |
| Kenya Nandi | 4.8 |
| Mongolia Hoton | 4.8 |
| Mongolia Khoton Tarialan | 4.8 |
| England Manchester | 4.8 |
| England Newcastle | 4.7 |
| Pakistan Karachi Parsi | 4.4 |
| USA Caucasian (2) | 4.3 |
| Morocco 'berber' Nador Me… | 4.1 |
| Israeli Jews | 3.9 |
| England Lancaster | 3.8 |
| India Jalpaiguri Toto | 3.8 |
| Senegal Niokholo Mandenka | 3.8 |
| Belgium | 3.7 |
| Italy | 3.6 |
| Wales | 3.6 |
| Morocco | 3.4 |
| Mali Bandiagara | 3.3 |
| Ireland South | 3.2 |
| Uganda Kampala | 3.1 |
| Australia New South Wales | 3.0 |
| Brazil | 3.0 |
| Macedonia (4) | 3.0 |
| China Yunnan Han (2) | 2.9 |
| Greece (3) | 2.9 |
| India North Delhi | 2.7 |
| Peru Arequipa | 2.7 |
| Taiwan Hakka | 2.7 |
| USA North American Native… | 2.7 |
| Italy South Campania | 2.6 |
| Italy Bergamo | 2.6 |
| Algeria1 | 2.5 |
| India Kerala Hindu Nair | 2.4 |
| Israel Gaza Palestinians | 2.4 |
| Mexico Mestizos | 2.4 |
| Guatemala Mayans | 2.3 |
| German Essen | 2.0 |
| India West Coast Parsis | 2.0 |
| Israel Arab Druse | 2.0 |
| Romanian | 1.9 |
| Sudanese | 1.8 |
| Pakistan Brahui | 1.7 |
| Thailand Northeast | 1.6 |
| China Harbin Man | 1.5 |
| Guinea Bissau | 1.5 |
| Italy Sardinia pop3 | 1.5 |
| Mexico Sonora Seri | 1.5 |
| Pakistan Pathan | 1.5 |
| Turkey | 1.3 |
| Czech Republic | 1.4 |
| Sweden Stockholm | 1.4 |
| Oman | 1.3 |
| Sweden Uppsala County | 1.2 |
| Russia Nenets | 1.2 |
|  | |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

HLA A\*2901 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Georgia Tbilisi Kurds | 6.7 |
| Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz… | 6.3 |
| CAR Mbenzele Pygmy | 5.7 |
| Israel Arab Druse | 4.5 |
| Pakistan Karachi Parsi | 4.4 |
| Iran Baloch | 2.8 |
| Taiwan Hakka | 2.7 |
| Kenya | 2.1 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 2.1 |
| India West Coast Parsis | 2.0 |
| India North Hindus | 1.9 |
| Jordan Amman | 1.7 |
| Pakistan Brahui | 1.7 |
| China Guangzhou | 1.5 |
| India New Delhi | 1.5 |
| Pakistan Pathan | 1.5 |
| Singapore Thai | 1.5 |
| South African Natal Zulu | 1.5 |
| Georgia Svaneti Svans | 1.3 |
| Kenya Nandi | 1.3 |
| USA Asian | 1.3 |
| China South Han | 1.2 |
| Finland | 1.1 |
| India North Delhi | 1.1 |
| Kenya Luo | 1.1 |
| China Inner Mongolia | 1.0 |
| Portugal Centre | 1.0 |
| South Korea (3) | 1.0 |
| Pakistan Baloch | 0.8 |
| Croatia | 0.7 |
| Thailand | 0.7 |
| Ireland South | 0.6 |
| Romanian | 0.6 |
| Uganda Kampala | 0.6 |
| USA San Antonio Caucasian… | 0.6 |
|  | |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

## Haplotypes

For A29-Cw\*16-B44 (A\*2902:Cw\*1601:B\*4403) haplotype see Cw\*16

## InfoBox

| HLA-A29 | |
| --- | --- |
| (MHC Class I,  cell surface antigen) | |
| HLA-A29 | |
| About | |
| Protein | transmembrane receptor/ligand |
| Structure | αβ heterodimer |
| Subunits | HLA-A\*29--, β2-microglobulin |
| Older names | A19 |
| Subtypes | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A29.1 \*2901   A29.2 \*2902   {{{cNick3}}} \*29{{{cAllele3}}}   {{{cNick4}}} \*29{{{cAllele4}}} | |
| Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI | |


title: N of tha World

abstract: N of tha World is the seventh studio album by Natas. Released in 2006, it was the group's first album released by Reel Life Productions since 1999's WicketWorldWide.COM, although there were claims that there was no newly recorded material by Natas, which broke up in 2002. Five songs on the album were newly recorded after Esham departed from Psychopathic Records in October 2005; the rest of the album consists of material recorded by Esham and T-N-T for a prospective Esham album, to be titled Club Evil, that never came out. Despite the album being attributed to Natas, the only track by the group is N of tha World. The other four new songs were "World's Apart", "On My Own", "Trouble & Pain" and "Niggaz Always Talkin' Alot of Shit".

text:
# N of tha World

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com |  |

***N of tha World*** is the seventh studio album by Natas. Released in 2006, it was the group's first album released by Reel Life Productions since 1999's *WicketWorldWide.COM*, although there were claims that there was no newly recorded material by Natas, which broke up in 2002. Five songs on the album were newly recorded after Esham departed from Psychopathic Records in October 2005; the rest of the album consists of material recorded by Esham and T-N-T for a prospective Esham album, to be titled *Club Evil*, that never came out. Despite the album being attributed to Natas, the only track by the group is *N of tha World*. The other four new songs were "World's Apart", "On My Own", "Trouble & Pain" and "Niggaz Always Talkin' Alot of Shit".

## Music and lyrics

*N of tha World* features live instrumentation and loops which derive from blues, funk and hard rock. "See You In Hell" is built around a sample of the Muddy Waters song "Tom Cat", from his 1968 psychedelic concept album *Electric Mud*. "Why You Gotta Lie" samples the drum break from Aerosmith and Run-DMC's "Walk This Way" and the chord progression of Metallica's "Enter Sandman".

The album's lyrics focus on topics ranging from women and violence to spirituality. Natas expresses self-reliance and allegiance to God. However, Esham refers to himself once again as "The Unholy" on the album in material recorded prior to signing with Psychopathic, a moniker he had not used since the song "Enjoy Life" from the 2003 Bedlam album "Bedlamitez Rize".

## Reception

About.com reviewed the album favorably, writing "Great, great stuff that I personally will drop on the many I meet daily that are starved for proper hip-hop."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Performer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" |  | 1:11 |
| 2. | "Once Upon a Time" | Esham, T-N-T | 2:50 |
| 3. | "Dead Men Don't Sing" | Esham, T-N-T | 3:43 |
| 4. | "Worlds Apart" | Esham, T-N-T, The Brian Schram Band | 4:36 |
| 5. | "Long as I Live" | Esham, T-N-T | 4:11 |
| 6. | "Pancakes & Syrup" | Esham, T-N-T | 4:42 |
| 7. | "Full of Hate" | T-N-T, Esham | 3:11 |
| 8. | "Nightmares" | Esham, T-N-T | 4:08 |
| 9. | "On My Own" | Esham | 3:25 |
| 10. | "Trouble & Pain" | Esham, Doc "Hollywood" Hustle, Moebadis | 4:27 |
| 11. | "N of tha World" | Esham, T-N-T, Mastamind | 5:33 |
| 12. | "See You in Hell" | Esham, T-N-T | 3:08 |
| 13. | "?" | Esham | 3:05 |
| 14. | "Crazytown" | T-N-T | 2:49 |
| 15. | "Niggaz Always Talkin' Alot of Sh\*t" | Esham, T-N-T | 4:02 |
| 16. | "Why You Gotta Lie" | Esham, T-N-T, Syn of Zug Izland | 3:21 |
| Total length: | | | 58:22 |

## Personnel

### Musicians

* Mike P. — lead guitar
* Randy (The Leer Jet Engineer Fixin') Lynch — lead guitar on "Pancakes & Syrup" and "On My Own"
* The Brian Schram Band — instrumentation on ("Worlds Apart")

### Production

* Esham — producer, executive producer
* Young Kyle for Blackstone — A&R exec
* Mike P. — additional technical support
* Eric Saunders — cover art
* Michael Broom — drawings

## InfoBox

| N of tha World | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Natas | |
| Released | January 24, 2006 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 58:22 |
| Label | RLP/Gothom/Warlock |
| Producer | Esham |
| Natas chronology | |
| *Godlike*
(2002) ***N of tha World***
(2006) *FUQERRBDY*
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: HIV/AIDS in Croatia

abstract: The HIV/AIDS epidemic, caused by HIV, first appeared in Croatia in 1985. By that point, major routes of transmission and the knowledge of the at-risk groups had been well described by epidemiologists. The first National AIDS Health Protection Programme had been established in 1983, even before the first occurrence of AIDS, with three major strategies: education, prevention of transmission through blood and blood products, and risk reduction. As of November 2020, there are currently 1511 active cases of HIV infection in Croatia, the majority of which (89%) are men. The infection rate is at 2.2 per 100.000, which is significantly below the European Union average of 5.6 per 100.000. HIV is most often contracted through sexual intercourse, majority of which came through male homosexual intercourse (70.6%). Drug injections with tainted needles account for 4.2% of all new infections.

text:
# HIV/AIDS in Croatia

The HIV/AIDS epidemic, caused by HIV, first appeared in Croatia in 1985. By that point, major routes of transmission and the knowledge of the at-risk groups had been well described by epidemiologists. The first National AIDS Health Protection Programme had been established in 1983, even before the first occurrence of AIDS, with three major strategies: education, prevention of transmission through blood and blood products, and risk reduction.

As of November 2020, there are currently 1511 active cases of HIV infection in Croatia, the majority of which (89%) are men. The infection rate is at 2.2 per 100.000, which is significantly below the European Union average of 5.6 per 100.000. HIV is most often contracted through sexual intercourse (89.1% of the reported cases), majority of which came through male homosexual intercourse (70.6%). Drug injections with tainted needles account for 4.2% of all new infections.

## Mortality and morbidity

Between 1985 and 2005, there were 553 cases of HIV infection, 239 of which progressed to AIDS. During this time period, 127 of those 553 HIV patients passed away. The occurrence of HIV infection increased yearly, with most infections being acquired abroad, until 1994, when the infection rate stabilized at 16 cases per year. The majority of infections occurred with the homosexual population (42.7%). Among the heterosexual population, it occurred almost always with men (32.2%) who have spent considerable time abroad. All cases were in the adult population, above the age of 20. From the first occurrence of HIV in Croatia in 1985, until 2020, 1819 people in Croatia contracted HIV, of which 570 progressed to AIDS. 308 of these died from consequences of HIV/AIDS.

Since 1998 antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has been available free of charge for all HIV infected persons in Croatia. With its introduction the mortality and morbidity rate has dropped off significantly. While the immediate threat to life is removed, patients are still burdened by difficult medication regimens and side effects. However, most HIV patients describe their quality of life as "good" to "very good", although this varies depending on age, marital status, level of education and whether the illness is active.

## Infection rates

The three groups most at risk from HIV/AIDS are migrant workers (seafarers), female sex workers and homosexual men.

Between 1985 and 2009, 784 cases of HIV were registered in Croatia. Of these, 74 were seafarers (9.4%), which made up 0.25% of the Croatian seafarers. Five were highly educated, i.e. officers, while 69 of the infected seafarers were in the lower education category, i.e. those without a high-school diploma. The morbidity rate among the seafarers of lower education is 27 times those of the general population.

Female sex workers are globally among the most vulnerable populations to HIV infection. In low and middle income countries, they are 13.5 times more likely to contract it than women who don't prostitute. In a study performed by the University of Zagreb, which analyzed the female sex workers of Split and Zagreb, it was found that they had a high percentage of condom use in commercial intercourse, but a lower rate of use in non-commercial intercourse. There was a substantial level of injecting drug use. In general, the study reflected the global trend.

The most at risk group were homosexuals. HIV prevalence among the population in 2011 was 2.8%, which was however slightly lower than in previous years. The infection rate remains more-or-less stable.

## Prevention

In 2007, a study was performed to test the knowledge of the illness itself and its prevention among the young (aged 20–29) and sexually active population. The correct answers to questions varied from 64% to 86%, with female participants showing a greater amount of knowledge. Neither religious upbringing, nor religiousness were associated with the level of knowledge. Public education of HIV/AIDS continues through the work of private institutions and non-profit initiatives.

Free and anonymous HIV testing is available in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Zadar, Pula, Dubrovnik, Osijek and Slavonski Brod. Aside from the testing, the CroAIDS initiative offers counseling, education and free contraceptives in the form of condoms.

Government initiatives on public education are occasionally held, such as the "Unapređenje borbe protiv HIV/AIDS-a u Hrvatskoj 2003.–2006". However, these have tended to have poor results, possibly due to a lack of a concentrated and sustained effort to educate the wider population.


title: HAVCR1

abstract: Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVcr-1) also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR1 gene. It is also known as KIM-1 Kidney Injury Molecule -1, which is a type 1 transmembrane protein the most highly upregulated in injured kidneys by various types of insults. Its upregulation during renal injury has been found in the kidneys of the vertebrates such as Zebrafish and humans. The hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1/TIM-1), is a member of the TIM gene family, which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity especially regarding the host response to viral infection. TIM-1 is also involved in allergic response, asthma, and transplant tolerance. The TIM gene family was first cloned from the mouse model of asthma in 2001. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that members of the TIM gene family including TIM-1 participate in host immune response. The mouse TIM gene family contains eight members (TIM-1-8) while only three TIM genes have been identified in humans.

text:
# HAVCR1

**Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1** (HAVcr-1) also known as **T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1** (TIM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *HAVCR1* gene.

It is also known as KIM-1 Kidney Injury Molecule -1, which is a type 1 transmembrane protein the most highly upregulated in injured kidneys by various types of insults. Its upregulation during renal injury has been found in the kidneys of the vertebrates such as Zebrafish and humans.

The hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1/TIM-1), is a member of the TIM (T cell transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin) gene family, which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity especially regarding the host response to viral infection. TIM-1 is also involved in allergic response, asthma, and transplant tolerance.

The TIM gene family was first cloned from the mouse model of asthma in 2001. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that members of the TIM gene family including TIM-1 participate in host immune response. The mouse TIM gene family contains eight members (TIM-1-8) while only three TIM genes (TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4) have been identified in humans.

## Structure and function

TIM genes belong to type I cell-surface glycoproteins, which include an N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, a mucin domain with distinct length, a single transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal short cytoplasmic tail. The localization and functions of TIM genes are divergent between each member. TIM-1 is preferentially expressed on Th2 cells and has been identified as a stimulatory molecule for T-cell activation. TIM-3 is preferentially expressed on Th1 and Tc1 cells and function as an inhibitory molecule, which mediated apoptosis of Th1 and Tc1 cells. TIM-4 is preferentially expressed on antigen-presenting cells, modulating the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by interacting with phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on apoptotic cell surface.

## Role in viral infection

TIM genes are also involved in host-virus interaction. As receptors for phosphatidylserine, TIM proteins bind many families of viruses \[filovirus, flavivirus, New World arenavirus and alphavirus\] that include viruses such as dengue and ebola. Entry of Lassa fever virus, influenza A virus, and SARS coronavirus were not affected by TIM-1 expression. TIM-1 and TIM-4 enhanced viral entry more than TIM-3.

### Hepatitis A

TIM-1 has been identified as an attachment factor for exosome-packaged hepatitis A virus (HAV). Infectious HAV-containing exosomes are internalized by HAVCR1, but true entry into the cytosol is achieved through fusion with NPC1. It has also been shown that non-exosomal HAV (encapsidated) infection occurs independent of HAVCR1 expression. By using an expression cloning library, IgA has been demonstrated as a specific ligand of TIM-1. The association of TIM-1 and IgA was able to enhance the virus-receptor interaction.

### Ebola

Recently, TIM-1 has been shown to be a receptor or cofactor for Ebola virus entry. TIM-1 binds to Ebola virus glycoproteins (GP) and mediates Ebola virus cellular entry by increasing Ebola virus infectivity in cell lines with a low susceptibility. Moreover, reducing expression of endogenous TIM-1 in highly permissive cell lines decreased Ebola virus infectivity. Furthermore, TIM-1 IgV domain specific antibody ARD5 inhibited Ebola virus infectivity, indicating that TIM-1 was critical for Ebola virus entry. Also, TIM-1 expression on human mucosal epithelial cells from the trachea, cornea and conjunctiva demonstrated the correlation of TIM-1 expression feature and viral entry routes.

### Dengue

TIM-1 has been identified as a cellular factor for Dengue virus entry by overexpression of TIM-1 on poorly susceptible cell lines for Dengue virus infection. TIM-1 enhanced dengue virus infectivity by 500-fold, particularly increased virus internalization. TIM-1 directly interacted with Dengue virus particle by recognizing PS on the virion surface. In addition, the Dengue virus susceptibility of different cell lines was consistent with endogenous expression level of TIM-1 gene in such cell lines, suggesting that TIM-1 is crucial for Dengue virus entry.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| HAVCR1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | HAVCR1, HAVCR, HAVCR-1, KIM-1, KIM1, TIM, TIM-1, TIM1, TIMD-1, TIMD1, CD365, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 606518; MGI: 2159680; HomoloGene: 134424; GeneCards: HAVCR1; OMA:HAVCR1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001099414
NM\_001173393
NM\_001308156
NM\_012206   NM\_001166631
NM\_001166632
NM\_134248   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001166864
NP\_001295085
NP\_036338   NP\_001160103
NP\_001160104
NP\_599009   Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 157.03 – 157.06 Mb Chr 11: 46.63 – 46.67 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: HAUS3

abstract: HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAUS3 gene.

text:
# HAUS3

**HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 3** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *HAUS3* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| HAUS3 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | HAUS3, C4orf15, IT1, dgt3, HAUS augmin like complex subunit 3 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 613430; MGI: 2387633; HomoloGene: 75209; GeneCards: HAUS3; OMA:HAUS3 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_024511
NM\_001303143   NM\_146159   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001290072
NP\_078787   NP\_666271   Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 2.08 – 2.24 Mb Chr 5: 34.31 – 34.33 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: HMPNGS Buna

abstract: HMPNGS Buna is a Balikpapan-class heavy landing craft operated by the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF). Prior to 1974, the vessel was called HMAS Buna and was operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

text:
# HMPNGS Buna

**HMPNGS *Buna*** is a *Balikpapan*-class heavy landing craft operated by the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF). Prior to 1974, the vessel was called **HMAS *Buna* (L 132)** and was operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

## Design and construction

The eight-vessel *Balikpapan* class was ordered as a locally manufactured replacement for the Australian Army's LSM-1-class landing ship medium and ALC 50 landing craft. They are 44.5 metres (146 ft) long, with a beam of 10.1 metres (33 ft), and a draught of 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in). The landing craft have a standard displacement of 316 tons, with a full load displacement of 503 tons. They are propelled by two GM Detroit 6-71 diesel motors, providing 675 brake horsepower to the two propeller shafts, allowing the vessels to reach 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). The standard ship's company is 13-strong. The *Balikpapan*s are equipped with a Decca RM 916 navigational radar, and fitted with two 7.62 millimetres (0.300 in) machine guns for self-defence.

The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks, 13 M113 armored personnel carriers 23 quarter-tonne trucks, or four LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicles. As a troop transport, a *Balikpapan*-class vessel can transport up to 400 soldiers between a larger amphibious ship and the shore, or embark 60 soldiers in six-berth caravans for longer voyages. The vessel's payload affects the range: at 175 tons of cargo, each vessel has a range of 1,300 nautical miles (2,400 km; 1,500 mi), which increases to 2,280 nautical miles (4,220 km; 2,620 mi) with a 150-ton payload, and 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) when unladen. The flat, box-like keel causes the ships to roll considerably in other-than-calm conditions, limiting their ability to make long voyages.

*Buna* was laid down by Walkers Limited at Maryborough, Queensland on 31 July 1972, launched on 26 September 1972, and commissioned into the RAN on 7 December 1973.

## Operational history

In April 1974, *Buna*, *Betano*, and *Brunei* transited to Lord Howe Island as a demonstration of the *Balikpanan* class' oceangoing capabilities.

On 14 November 1974, *Buna* was decommissioned from RAN service and transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force. In June 2021, *Buna* was decommissioned from PNGDF service.

## Sources

**Books**

**Journal articles**

* Swinden, Greg (April 2013). "Heavy Lifting for Four Decades: The Navy's Landing Craft Heavy". *The Navy*. **75** (2). Navy League of Australia: 20–24. ISSN 1322-6231.

## InfoBox

| HMPNGS *Buna* operating near Port Moresby in 2016 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Namesake | Village of Buna |
| Builder | Walkers Limited |
| Laid down | 31 July 1972 |
| Launched | 26 September 1972 |
| Commissioned | 7 December 1973 |
| Decommissioned | 14 November 1974 |
| Fate | Transferred to Papua New Guinea Defence Force |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Acquired | 14 November 1974 |
| Decommissioned | June 2021 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Balikpapan*-class landing craft heavy |
| Displacement | 316 tons |
| Length | 44.5 m (146 ft) |
| Beam | 10.1 m (33 ft) |
| Propulsion | Two GE diesels |
| Speed | 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) |
| Capacity | 180 tons of vehicle cargo or 400 soldiers |
| Complement | 13 |
| Armament | two 0.50 inch machine guns |


title: Wakeham Report

abstract: A House for the Future, known as the Wakeham Report, published in 2000, was the report of a Royal Commission headed by Lord Wakeham, concerning reform of the House of Lords.

text:
# Wakeham Report

***A House for the Future***, known as the **Wakeham Report**, published in 2000, was the report of a Royal Commission headed by Lord Wakeham, concerning reform of the House of Lords.

## Recommendations of the report

In its 217-page report, *A House for the Future*, issued in January 2000, the commission made 132 recommendations that it described as a blueprint for "radical evolutionary change" of the House of Lords for better government. Of these, major recommendations included the following:

* The membership of the House of Lords should be reduced to around 550.
* A majority of the House (every member except for the regional members, lords of appeal, and Church of England representatives) should be appointed by an independent Honours and Appointments Commission, rather than by the Prime Minister; this would reduce the role of the House as a source of political patronage. The Honours and Appointments Commission would consist of eight members (three from the major political parties, one nominated by crossbenchers, and four independents), appointed under the Nolan principles and with a term limit of 10 years. The commission's appointees would maintain crossbench representation at about 20%.
* A minority of members (between 60 and 195) should be elected on a regional basis, through proportional representation. Three different models were proposed, with varying numbers of elected members; under all three models, members were to serve for terms of "three electoral cycles" or 15 years.
* With respect to representation of religious groups, a substantial majority of the Commission believed that "Representation should be extended beyond the Church of England to embrace other Christian denominations in all parts of the United Kingdom and representatives of other faiths."
* Ministers should be accountable to the House of Lords as well as the House of Commons.
* The few remaining hereditary peers should be removed.
* Persons raised to the peerage through the honours lists would not be members of the House.
* Members of the reformed House would not longer be called peers.
* There would be "no significant changes in the second chamber's law-making functions" or the balance of power between the Commons and Lords. The reformed House of Lords would retain a "suspensory veto" (the power to delay, but not to block, a bill approved by the Commons in two successive parliamentary sessions). The Salisbury Convention would be maintained.
* There was "insufficient reason to change the present arrangements" with respect to the judicial functions of the House of Lords, and there was "some advantage in having senior judges" be members of the House.

The Commission explicitly recommended against a wholly or predominantly elected chamber or selection of members by random selection, co-option, or indirect election from devolved institutions, local governments, or British members of the European Parliament (MEPs).

## Criticisms of the report

The report has been criticised for not addressing some crucial issues. For instance, at present, the House of Lords only has a power of suspensive veto; they may only delay legislation for one year, after which the House of Commons may pass it without the Lords' assent. The report did not address whether this situation would change, or remain the same.

The report was criticised that it proposed that the Lords' ability to veto subordinated and delegated legislation should be replaced by a three-month delaying power to make clear that the Lords is the Second Chamber.

Another important criticism of the report's recommendations is that adding some elected members to the House might create two 'classes' of members; the elected members might be seen as having greater democratic legitimacy and authority than the appointed members. This could also threaten the traditional primacy of the House of Commons within the Westminster parliamentary system. One commentator, the Liberal Democrat peer Lord McNally, wrote in January 2000: "Those who fear that a House of Lords with increased authority will challenge the status of the Commons and cause constitutional conflict - or "gridlock" as the Americans call it when the Senate and the House of Representatives disagree - will worry that the Wakeham proposals set us on just that course. On the other hand, those who believe that the second chamber must have the full democratic mandate which only the ballot box can bestow will be disappointed."

Others were dissatisfied with the Wakeham Commission's refusal to remove appointed members; according to BBC political correspondent Nick Assinder, "opponents accused the commission of failing to come up with a single, simple recommendation and allowing the creation of chamber of "Tony's Cronies"".

Some critics argued that the report would result in the Lords becoming in effect a weak advisory council for the House of Commons, which would lead to excessive conflict between the few elected members and the mainly appointed members.

## Impact

Only a few of the Wakeham Report's 132 recommendations were ever adopted.

1. Lucy Ward, Reformed chamber presented as 'radical evolution', *The Guardian*, 21 January 2000.
2. Executive Summary of the Wakeham Report
3. Mitchell, Jeremy, Review of "Reforming the House of Lords: Lessons from Overseas" by Meg Russell, *The Political Quarterly*, vol.71, issue 3, pp 362–380
4. Wakeham is not the answer, BBC News, 20 January 2000
5. Lords report fails to satisfy, BBC News, 20 January 2000
6. Marcus Shepheard, Royal commissions are outdated and will not deliver real change, Institute for Government (22 November 2019).


title: HKU station

abstract: HKU is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Island line located in the Shek Tong Tsui neighbourhood of Western, Hong Kong. The station is named after the adjacent University of Hong Kong. Part of the West Island line, a westward extension to the existing Island line, HKU station opened on 28 December 2014 along with Kennedy Town station. As of its opening, HKU station was the largest and deepest station in the MTR network, at 70 m (230 ft) below ground.

text:
# HKU station

**HKU** (Chinese: 香港大學) is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Island line located in the Shek Tong Tsui neighbourhood of Western, Hong Kong. The station is named after the adjacent University of Hong Kong.

Part of the West Island line, a westward extension to the existing Island line, HKU station opened on 28 December 2014 along with Kennedy Town station.

As of its opening, HKU station was the largest and deepest station in the MTR network, at 70 m (230 ft) below ground.

## History

Before the 1980s, an MTR station by the name of Whitty (屈地) was planned to be built underground at Des Voeux Road West, near Ka On Street, Whitty Street and Hill Road. Lots at Chong Yip Centre and Pacific Plaza were reserved for future station exits and concourse. This was part of a planned extension of the Island line that was never built, but which was superseded by the West Island line project, of which HKU station forms a part.

The MTR Corporation let out a tender for the construction of the Sai Ying Pun and HKU stations and 2.2 km (1.4 mi) of tunnel. In 2009, the design and architecture was awarded to Aedas in joint venture with AECOM. The construction work was awarded to Gammon Construction, (half owned by Balfour Beatty) for HK$4.7 billion. Construction commenced in 2010 and was completed in 2014.

HKU station opened on 28 December 2014.

## Naming

There were disputes among locals and district councillors over the station's name. Some suggested to restore the previous official name "Belcher" (寶翠, \[pǒutsʰɵ̄y\], bou2 ceoi3) after The Belcher's, a housing development in the area, as well as Belcher Street and Belcher Bay. Some believed that the MTR Corporation's decision to change the name to "University" was not well consulted within the community, while others worried that it might cause confusion with another existing University station on the East Rail line. Some also suggested "Shek Tong Tsui", after the area the station would serve.

In August 2009, MTR named the station "Hong Kong University". The latest revision changed the English name to "HKU", the abbreviation of The University of Hong Kong nearby.

## Station layout

| **G** | Ground level | Exits/Entrances |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **C** | Concourse | Customer Service |
| **P
Platforms** | Platform **1** | Island line towards Chai Wan (Sai Ying Pun) |
| | Island platform, doors will open on the right | |
| | Platform **2** | Island line towards Kennedy Town (Terminus) |

The station is located under Pok Fu Lam Road. It has two tracks and one center island platform. In addition, the MTR has built elevators to link HKU station to the University of Hong Kong. The HKU station is located at a depth of 70 metres (230 ft), making it the deepest station in the MTR system upon its opening.

HKU station features designated refuge areas, to which passengers can be evacuated in case of emergency. Refuge areas are pressurised and equipped with fire systems including sprinklers and fire curtains, and independent power supply units. HKU station is the first station in the MTR network to apply such shelter design and the use of lifts to reach safety.

## Exits

HKU station has six exits. As exits A1, A2 and C1 are situated deep underneath Mid-Levels, only express lifts are used to transport passengers. This makes HKU station the first to feature lift-only exits.

Exits A1 and A2 are served by a total of eight lifts with a maximum load of 1,800 kg per lift. Exit C1 is served by four lifts with a capacity of 2,100 kg each.

## Future

HKU station is proposed to be an interchange station for the Island line and the South Island line (West). The platforms of the South Island line (West) will be built under those of the Island line.

## InfoBox

| HKU
香港大學 | |
| --- | --- |
| MTR rapid transit station | |
| Platform 1 (foreground) | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 香港大學 |
| Simplified Chinese | 香港大学 |
|  | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiānggǎng Dàxué |
| Cantonese Yale | Hēunggóng Daaihhohk |
|  | |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Xiānggǎng Dàxué  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Hēunggóng Daaihhohk  Jyutping hoeng1 gong2 daai6 hok6 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Bonham Road, Lung Fu Shan, Shek Tong Tsui,
Central and Western District, Hong Kong |
| Coordinates | 22°17′03″N 114°08′08″E / 22.2841°N 114.1356°E / 22.2841; 114.1356 |
| Owned by | MTR Corporation |
| Operated by | MTR Corporation |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 2 (1 island platform) |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections |  |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Depth | 70 m (230 ft) |
| Platform levels | 1 |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Architect | Aedas and Wong & Ouyang |
| Other information | |
| Station code | HKU |
| History | |
| Opened | 28 December 2014 (2014-12-28) |
| Previous names | Shek Tong Tsui |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  MTR Following station  Kennedy TownTerminus  Island line  Sai Ying Puntowards Chai Wan  Planned  *Terminus*  South Island line (West)  Queen Mary Hospitaltowards Wong Chuk Hang | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Track layout | |
| Location  HKULocation within the MTR systemHKUHKU (Hong Kong Island) | |


title: Nagamangala

abstract: Nagamangala is a PuraSabhe and a taluk in Mandya district, in the Indian state of Karnataka. Nagamangala lies on the junction between NH-150A and SH-85. It is 43 km from its district headquarter Mandya, 70 km from Mysuru, 115 km from Bengaluru, 261 km from Mangaluru and 425 km from Hubballi. Nearest railway station is B.G.Nagar at 17 km. Nearest airport is Kempegowda International Airport at 140 km.

text:
# Nagamangala

**Nagamangala** is a PuraSabhe and a taluk in Mandya district, in the Indian state of Karnataka.

Nagamangala lies on the junction between NH-150A and SH-85. It is 43 km from its district headquarter Mandya, 70 km from Mysuru, 115 km from Bengaluru, 261 km from Mangaluru and 425 km from Hubballi. Nearest railway station is B.G.Nagar at 17 km. Nearest airport is Kempegowda International Airport at 140 km.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Nagamangala had a population of 17776. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Nagamangala has an average literacy rate of 87.01%, higher than the state average of 75.36%: male literacy is 90.16%, and female literacy is 83.98%. In Nagamangala, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## List of temples in Nagamangala

* Sri Yoganarasimha Temple
* Saumyakeshava Temple
* Sri Veerabhadreshwara & Bhadrakali Temple
* Sri Anjenya temple, Kachenahalli
* Sri Muttinamma devi temple, Tuppadamadu
* Sri Malleshwara swamy temple, Tuppadamadu
* Sri Mulkattamma temple, Mulukatte
* Sri Ranganatha temple, Vaddarahalli
* sri Hucchamma devi temple
* Sri Haddinakallu Hanumantharaya Swami temple
* Sri Thiruvenkataramana Temple(Nadukerappa) , ThiruganaHalli
* Sri Prasanna ganapati temple, T. B. Circle
* Sri Varadarayaswamyi Temple, Dandigana Hallly
* Sri Dodda Lakshmi devi Temple, Jodi Neralakere

Mandya district

## InfoBox

| Nagamangala | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Rotary School, Nagamangala | |
| Coordinates: 12°49′N 76°46′E / 12.82°N 76.76°E / 12.82; 76.76 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Mandya |
| Area | |
| Town | 10.43 km2 (4.03 sq mi) |
| Rural | 1,035.26 km2 (399.72 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 772 m (2,533 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Town | 24,059 |
| Density | 2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi) |
| Rural | 170,121 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | KA-54 |
| Website | www.nagamangalatown.mrc.gov.in |


title: Walter G. Tolleson

abstract: Walter Gist Tolleson (1860–1940) was an American businessman, developer, rancher, and pioneer of Arizona's West Valley. He is best known for founding Tolleson, Arizona.

text:
# Walter G. Tolleson

**Walter Gist Tolleson** (1860–1940) was an American businessman, developer, rancher, and pioneer of Arizona's West Valley. He is best known for founding Tolleson, Arizona.

## Early life

Tolleson initially lived in Spartansburg, South Carolina, where he owned a wholesale drug firm and worked as a druggist.

Tolleson moved to a ranch in Phoenix in September 1908. Tolleson may have moved to the area to help with the health of his eldest son, as the arid climate of Phoenix was rumored to be good for common diseases of the time, such as tuberculosis.

## Tolleson, Arizona

In 1910, Tolleson and his family moved to a 160-acre ranch, about ten miles west of Phoenix, near what became the intersection of 91st Avenue and Van Buren Street.

In 1912, Tolleson subdivided forty acres of his land. He chartered an Arizona Eastern Railway train to carry passengers from Phoenix to his land. Tolleson advertised a land auction, offering the train ride and a lunch for free, as well $5 in gold to entice people to purchase parcels of land for $50. Ultimately, eighty people took the offer, and the town of Tolleson was officially founded. Tolleson reopened the Ten Mile Store, which served as a stagecoach stop and general store for people traveling west from Phoenix, to Yuma and California. Tolleson built the first lumberyard in the area in 1912 to spur development. In 1913, the town's post office opened in the general store. Walter Tolleson's brother, Leon served as postmaster.

Over the decades, largely due to the construction of canals in the Salt River Valley, agriculture expanded in the area. Many large farms were built, making agriculture the primary industry. Tolleson became known as the "Vegetable Center of the World". Many Mexicans migrated and built homes in the area as they began working on the farms.

Agriculture remains in the area, but much of the work that once required manual labor has been automated, shrinking the job market. Tolleson then became a hub for corporate warehouses and distribution centers. The city hosts numerous Fortune 500 companies and employs approximately 200,000 people, nearly thirty times its population of 7,000.

## Death

After developing the town, Walter Tolleson moved to Phoenix.

Walter G. Tolleson died on October 13, 1940, at age eighty after ten days in the hospital. He had fallen into a ditch while visiting his townsite, breaking his leg in two places.

He was laid to rest at the Sunnyside Mausoleum in Long Beach, California, with his wife.

## InfoBox

| Walter G. Tolleson | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Walter G. Tolleson | |
| Born | (1860-05-13)May 13, 1860
South Carolina |
| Died | October 13, 1940(1940-10-13) (aged 80)
Phoenix, Arizona |
| Occupation(s) | Entrepreneur
Real Estate Developer |


title: Walter Gage

abstract: Walter Henry Gage, was a Canadian professor and educational icon, widely acknowledged to have had a large impact on students during his 50 year career at the University of British Columbia, where he rose from undergraduate student to university president.

text:
# Walter Gage

**Walter Henry Gage**, CC (March 5, 1905  October 3, 1978) was a Canadian professor and educational icon, widely acknowledged to have had a large impact on students during his 50 year career at the University of British Columbia, where he rose from undergraduate student to university president.

## Personal details

| March 5, 1905 | Born in Vancouver to immigrant parents |
| --- | --- |
| 1911-18 | Tecumseh Elementary School (public) |
| 1918-21 | John Oliver Secondary School (public) |
| 1921-26 | University of British Columbia: B.A. (Hon. Math)
M.A. (Math and Physics) |
| 1928-33 | Victoria College, Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Registrar |
| 1933-1978 | University of British Columbia, Department of Mathematics Assistant Professor 1933-36
Associate Professor 1937-43
Professor 1943-1978 |
| 1939-40 | California Institute of Technology, Teaching Fellowship |
| 1943-44 | Royal Canadian Air Force, Temporary Flight Lieutenant Canadian Army, Course Co-Director |
| 1948-1969 | University of British Columbia, Dean |
| 1958 | Honorary LL.D. (University of British Columbia) |
| 1969 | Inaugural Recipient, Master Teacher Award, University of British Columbia |
| 1969-1975 | President, University of British Columbia |
| 1971 | Invested as a Companion of the Order of Canada |
| 1974 | Honorary LL.D. (University of Victoria) |
| October 3, 1978 | Death, Vancouver B.C. Canada |

## Biography

Walter Gage was born into a family in the middle-class neighbourhood of South Vancouver. His parents, Alexander and Ann, were immigrants from Great Britain and raised Walter and his older sister Elsie. They also influenced both the siblings on community and politics. Walter attended Tecumseh Elementary and John Oliver Secondary School in Vancouver and showed an early interest in his studies. As a teenager, he taught Sunday school and coached basketball. Gage was the first in his family to attend university when he enrolled in UBC in 1921, at the beginning of its development into one of Canada’s premier universities. He went on to earn a Bachelor of Arts, Honours in Mathematics, in 1925, and a Masters of Arts in Mathematics in 1926.

He went on to teach mathematics at the University of British Columbia over a period of more than fifty years, from 1927 until his death in 1978, a span interrupted only when he taught mathematics at Victoria College (1927–1933) and served as its registrar (1929–1933).

While continuing to teach mathematics to a wide range of students, he served as Dean of Administrative and Inter-Faculty Affairs and Dean of Inter-Faculty and Student Affairs. In those roles he was renowned for helping students, personally as well as through his office, in an effort to assure that capable students would not be denied a university education because of personal adversities or financial hardship.

Walter Gage served as the 6th President of the University of British Columbia during a turbulent period of social change and growth (1969-1975). In hindsight, his somewhat reluctant acceptance of the challenging leadership role was acknowledged by the 15th President as important to the university’s ability to weather the turbulence.

Unlike other presidents, he loved teaching and continued to teach and inspire students before, during and after his term as President. His lifelong commitment to excellence in teaching was recognized in 1969 when he became the inaugural recipient of the university’s annual Walter Koerner Master Teacher Award.

Gage helped thousands of students achieve their life goals, whether he was teaching them, counselling them on their education or helping them with bursaries and scholarships. He was known for his wit and sense of humour, for emptying his pockets on the spot for a student in need, for his affection for the arts — especially theatre and music — and for his bombastic classroom style that often left him standing at the blackboard in a cloud of chalk dust.

An excerpt from the citation for the honorary degree awarded to him by the University of British Columbia in 1958 affirmed that Walter Gage was ‘the most and best beloved of the university family’, referring to him as ‘in a sense, the physical embodiment of this university’s academic conscience, and a man whose scholarly attainments and standards of teaching are equaled only by his concern always to do justice to colleagues and students alike’. He was later awarded an Honorary LL.D. by the University of Victoria, where he had taught and was similarly revered.

In 1971, his lifetime of achievement and excellence in advancing university education was recognized by his investiture as a Companion of the Order of Canada, the highest rank in Canada’s highest civilian honour system.

He died in 1978. Following his death in 1978, the Walter Gage Residence for students at the University of British Columbia was named to honour his legacy.

A book was published in 2018 detailing the life and work of Walter Gage. The Age of Walter Gage: How One Canadian Shaped The Lives of Thousands is the story of how Gage not only redefined teaching as a profession — his overflowing classes were filled not only with eager students but with much laughter — but also guided the future of the growing UBC campus. The book chronicles the fascinating and unforgettable legacy of an individual who rose from humble beginnings to become a profoundly positive influence on the lives of thousands of young Canadians.

## InfoBox

| Walter Henry GageCC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 6th President of the University of British Columbia | |
| **In office**
1969–1975 | |
| Preceded by | Kenneth Hare |
| Succeeded by | Douglas T. Kenny |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1905-03-05)March 5, 1905
Vancouver, British Columbia |
| Died | October 3, 1978(1978-10-03) (aged 73)
Vancouver, British Columbia |
| Alma mater | University of British Columbia |
| Awards | Companion of the Order of Canada, 1971 |
|  | |


title: Jacques Reymond

abstract: Jacques Reymond was a Swiss ski trainer.

text:
# Jacques Reymond

**Jacques Reymond** (30 August 1950 – 6 May 2020) was a Swiss ski trainer.

## Life

Reymond worked for many years as a trainer for the Swiss Ski Association Swiss-Ski. From 1979 to 1995 he acted as head coach and technical coach of the Swiss men's national team. He was also a condition trainer for the women's national team for several years. He also looked after Erika Hess in the women's national team.

After retiring from active skiing, he married Hess on 6 May 1988. The marriage gave birth to three sons; Marco, the youngest, drives races in the European Cup and World Cup. The two lived in Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz in Canton of Vaud. Together they organized races and training camps for young ski racers.

In Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz, Reymond was also politically active; he was president of the municipal council.

## Death

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland, Reymond fell ill with COVID-19 and after several weeks died from the virus on 6 May 2020, at the age of 69.


title: Oreonana clementis

abstract: Oreonana clementis, the pygmy mountainparsley, is a perennial plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae) that grows in the United States Sierra Nevada mountain range.

text:
# Oreonana clementis

***Oreonana clementis***, the **pygmy mountainparsley**, is a perennial plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae) that grows in the United States Sierra Nevada mountain range.

## Habitat and range

It can be found in the Sierra Nevada from 5,500 to 13,000 feet (1,700 to 4,000 m), in dry, granitic gravels.

## Description

A tuft of 1 inch (2.5 cm), gray, hairy leaves are attached directly to the root, with no stems.

Balls of whitish flower clusters on short stems occur from May to August.

## InfoBox

| *Oreonana clementis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | *Oreonana* |
| Species: | ***O. clementis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oreonana clementis***<br>(M.E.Jones) Jeps. | |
|


title: Mile Starčević (politician, born 1862)

abstract: Mile Starčević was a Croatian politician and a lawyer born in the village of Veliki Žitnik near Gospić. He was an elected member of the Sabor of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in 1892–1917 as a member of the Party of Rights. After 1894, Starčević advocated solving the Croatian question within the framework of trialism in Austria-Hungary. Following a political clash within the Party of Rights, Starčević left the party to form the Pure Party of Rights. After a conflict with Frank, in 1908 Starčević formed a new political party known as the Mile Starčević faction of the Party of Rights whose adherents were referred to as the "Milinovci" in reference to Starčević. In 1912, his party abandoned trialism and became allied with the Croat-Serb Coalition led by Frano Supilo and Svetozar Pribičević. During World War I, Starčević left politics. He died in Zagreb.

text:
# Mile Starčević (politician, born 1862)

**Mile Starčević** (29 September 1862 – 10 March 1917) was a Croatian politician and a lawyer born in the village of Veliki Žitnik near Gospić. He was an elected member of the Sabor of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in 1892–1917 as a member of the Party of Rights. After 1894, Starčević advocated solving the Croatian question within the framework of trialism in Austria-Hungary. Following a political clash within the Party of Rights, Starčević left the party (together with his uncle Ante Starčević, Josip Frank, and Eugen Kumičić) to form the Pure Party of Rights. After a conflict with Frank, in 1908 Starčević formed a new political party known as the Mile Starčević faction of the Party of Rights whose adherents were referred to as the "Milinovci" in reference to Starčević. In 1912, his party abandoned trialism and became allied with the Croat-Serb Coalition led by Frano Supilo and Svetozar Pribičević. During World War I, Starčević left politics. He died in Zagreb.

## InfoBox

| Mile Starčević | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1862-09-29)29 September 1862
Veliki Žitnik, Gospić, Croatian Military Frontier, Austrian Empire
(now Croatia) |
| Died | 10 March 1917(1917-03-10) (aged 54)
Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary
(now Croatia) |
| Alma mater | University of Zagreb |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, lawyer |
| Political party | Party of Rights (until 1895)
Pure Party of Rights (1895–1908)
Starčević faction of the Party of Rights (1908–1913) |


title: Şurakənd, Goranboy

abstract: Şurakənd is a village in the Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Goranboy.

text:
# Şurakənd, Goranboy

40°34′21″N 46°47′02″E / 40.57250°N 46.78389°E / 40.57250; 46.78389

**Şurakənd** (also, **Shurakend**) is a village in the Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Goranboy.

## InfoBox

| Şurakənd | |
| --- | --- |
| Şurakənd | |
| Coordinates: 40°34′21″N 46°47′02″E / 40.57250°N 46.78389°E / 40.57250; 46.78389 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Goranboy |
| Municipality | Goranboy |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |