title: When a Woman Strikes

abstract: When a Woman Strikes is a 1919 silent film western drama directed by Roy Clements and starring Rosemary Theby and Ben F. Wilson. An independent production there is scarce info on this pictures. It is not known whether it survives or is lost.

text:
# When a Woman Strikes

***When a Woman Strikes*** is a 1919 silent film western drama directed by Roy Clements and starring Rosemary Theby and Ben F. Wilson. An independent production there is scarce info on this pictures. It is not known whether it survives or is lost.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| When a Woman Strikes | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Roy Clements |
| Starring | Rosemary Theby
Ben Wilson |
| Distributed by | ?States Rights |
| Release date | * April 1919 (1919-04) |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Outlaw Gold

abstract: Outlaw Gold is a 1950 American Western film directed by Wallace Fox and written by Jack Lewis. The film stars Johnny Mack Brown, Jane Adams, Milburn Morante, Hugh Prosser, Marshall Reed and Myron Healey. The film was released on November 20, 1950, by Monogram Pictures.

text:
# Outlaw Gold

***Outlaw Gold*** is a 1950 American Western film directed by Wallace Fox and written by Jack Lewis. The film stars Johnny Mack Brown, Jane Adams, Milburn Morante, Hugh Prosser, Marshall Reed and Myron Healey. The film was released on November 20, 1950, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

U.S. Marshall Dave Willis (Johnny Mack Brown) and Sandy Barker (Milburn Morante), traveling incognito to investigate the robbery of a shipment of Mexican Government gold, rescue Kathy Martin (Jane Adams) from an outlaw ambush, after her father Joel Martin (Steve Clark), publisher of the Latigo newspaper, has been wounded. Later, Martin is killed, and Bull Jackson (Marshall Reed), who claims to have seen the crime, accuses Dave of the murder.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Outlaw Gold | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Wallace Fox |
| Screenplay by | Jack Lewis |
| Produced by | Vincent M. Fennelly |
| Starring | Johnny Mack Brown
Jane Adams
Milburn Morante
Hugh Prosser
Marshall Reed
Myron Healey |
| Cinematography | Gilbert Warrenton |
| Edited by | Fred Maguire |
| Production
company | Monogram Pictures |
| Distributed by | Monogram Pictures |
| Release date | * November 20, 1950 (1950-11-20) |
| Running time | 56 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Louis Bellson Explosion

abstract: The Louis Bellson Explosion is an album by drummer Louis Bellson recorded in 1975 and released by the Pablo label.

text:
# The Louis Bellson Explosion

***The Louis Bellson Explosion*** is an album by drummer Louis Bellson recorded in 1975 and released by the Pablo label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

AllMusic reviewer Ron Wynn stated "A fine mid-'70s date that was both a showcase for Bellson's bombastic drumming and also a nice straight-ahead date".

## Track listing

1. "The Intimacy of the Blues" (Billy Strayhorn) – 6:02
2. "Quiet Riots" (Jack Hayes, Bill Holman, Louie Bellson) – 5:30
3. "Carnaby Street" (Bellson, Hayes) – 6:45
4. "Beyond Category" (Hayes, Bellson) – 8:19
5. "Chameleon" (Herbie Hancock) – 4:33
6. "Open Your Window" (Harry Nilsson) – 5:17
7. "Movin' On" (John Bambridge) – 3:29
8. "Groove Blues" (Don Menza) – 7:11
9. "La Banda Grande" (Hayes, Bellson) – 5:25

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Louis Bellson Explosion | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Louis Bellson | |
| Released | 1975 |
| Recorded | May 21 & 22, 1975 |
| Studio | Los Angeles, CA |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 53:00 |
| Label | Pablo
2310 755 |
| Producer | Norman Granz |
| Louis Bellson chronology | |
| *150 MPH*
(1974) ***The Louis Bellson Explosion***
(1975) *Louie Bellson's 7*
(1976) | |


title: Triplemanía VIII

abstract: Triplemanía VIII was the eighth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on July 5, 2000 in Tokyo, Japan. It was only the second show to take place outside Mexico and the first show to take place in Japan. The Main event featured an Eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match which saw AAA regulars team up with various Japanese wrestlers. The team of Octagón, Jushin Thunder Liger, Latin Lover, and El Alebrije took on Cibernético, Cima, Abismo Negro, and Electroshock.

text:
# Triplemanía VIII

**Triplemanía VIII** was the eighth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on July 5, 2000 in Tokyo, Japan. It was only the second show to take place outside Mexico and the first show to take place in Japan. The Main event featured an Eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match which saw AAA regulars team up with various Japanese wrestlers. The team of Octagón, Jushin Thunder Liger, Latin Lover, and El Alebrije took on Cibernético, Cima, Abismo Negro, and Electroshock.

## Production

### Background

In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to *lucha libre*. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them the recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, later simply known as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the *Televisa* television network AAA held their first show in April 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 2000 Triplemanía was the eight year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the fifteenth overall show under the Triplemanía banner.

### Storylines

The Triplemanía VIII show featured six professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as *rudos* in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (*técnicos* in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Reception

John F. Molinaro from the Canoe.ca website wrote that the Triplemanía show that kicked off the tour was well received by the crowd.

## Aftermath

The rest of the AAA tour of Japan drew very low attendance figures, drawing only 409 in Nagoya and 507 in Kobe for the next two stops of the tour as AAA failed to gain the interest of the Japanese fans even by bringing in several well known Japanese wrestlers. AAA had plans to do further tours in Japan in 2001 but after drawing such low interest they dropped the plans for regular tours. AAA only made brief tours of Japan since then, teaming up with a Japanese promotion for the tours.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Octagóncito defeated Mini Abismo Negro | Singles match | 04:38 |
| 2 | Gran Apache defeated Óscar Sevilla | Singles Match | 11:04 |
| 3 | El Oriental and Esther Moreno vs. Pentagón and Xóchitl Hamada ended in a double countout | Tag team match | 12:14 |
| 4 | Perro Aguayo Jr., El Alebrije, and Pathfinder defeated *Los Vatos Locos* (El Picudo, Charly Manson and Espíritu), *Team Japan* (Naomichi Marufuji, Minoru Tanaka and Genki Horiguchi) and *Los Vipers* (Histeria, Psicosis and Maniaco)* Perro Aguayo, Jr. pinned Charly Manson * Naomichi Marufuji pinned Histeria * Perro Aguayo, Jr. pinned Genki Horiguchi | Four corners elimination match | 12:33 |
| 5 | Heavy Metal and Tiger Mask IV defeated Kick Boxer and Yoshinobu Kanemaru | Tag Team match | 13:21 |
| 6 | Octagón, Jushin Thunder Liger, Latin Lover, and Hector Garza defeated Cibernético, Cima, Abismo Negro, and Electroshock | Eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match | 13:01 |

## InfoBox

| Triplemanía VIII | |
| --- | --- |
| The TV logo used when the show was broadcast on television with both the Mexican and the Japanese flag shown | |
| Promotion | AAA |
| Date | July 5, 2000 |
| City | Tokyo, Japan |
| Venue | Korakuen Hall |
| Attendance | 1,700 |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Rey de Reyes **Next**
Verano de Escándalo | |
| Triplemanía chronology | |
| **Previous**
VII **Next**
IX | |


title: Michel Tubiana

abstract: Michel Tubiana was a French jurist and lawyer. He served as President of the Human Rights League of France from 2000 to 2005.

text:
# Michel Tubiana

**Michel Tubiana** (24 November 1952 – 2 October 2021) was a French jurist and lawyer. He served as President of the Human Rights League of France from 2000 to 2005.

## Biography

Born in Algiers in 1952, Tubiana's family moved to Paris in 1962. His father was a judge with the *tribunal de commerce* and his mother raised him and his two brothers. In 1967, he became a militant of the Jeunesse communiste révolutionnaire, a Trotskyist youth organization. In 1972, as a law student, he became involved with Freemasonry, the Fédération du Droit Humain, and the Grand Orient de France. He protested the assassination of Salvador Allende in 1973.

In 1974, Tubiana officially became a lawyer. He defended Klaus Croissant, lawyer of the Red Army Faction, and was involved in the trial of Maurice Papon, although he was primarily a corporate lawyer. On 12 June 2000, he succeeded Henri Leclerc as President of the Human Rights League. He stayed in office until 12 June 2005.

On 27 January 2014, *Le Monde* alleged that Tubiana and others were guilty of tax evasion in Switzerland with HSBC Private Bank as part of Swiss Leaks. Notably, he opposed the extradition of far-left Italian terrorist Cesare Battisti.

Michel Tubiana died on 2 October 2021 at the age of 68.

## InfoBox

| Michel Tubiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 24 November 1952
Algiers, French Algeria |
| Died | 2 October 2021(2021-10-02) (aged 68)
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation(s) | Jurist
Lawyer |


title: Michel Ungeheuer

abstract: Michel Ungeheuer was a Luxembourgian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Michel Ungeheuer

**Michel Ungeheuer** (16 June 1890  9 February 1969) was a Luxembourgian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Michel Ungeheuer
| Michel Ungeheuer, standing, second from left | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1890-06-16)16 June 1890 | | |
| Place of birth | Luxembourg, Luxembourg | | |
| Date of death | 9 February 1969(1969-02-09) (aged 78) | | |
| Place of death | Luxembourg, Luxembourg | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Luxembourg |  |  |


title: Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act

abstract:
The Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act, passed by Michigan voters in 1996 as Proposal E and then expanded and signed into law as the Public Act 69 of 1997, allows non-Native American casino gaming in Michigan. The proposal was approved by 51.51% of the voters on November 5, 1996. The text of the proposal as passed by voters:
An act providing for the licensing and control of casino gambling operations, manufacturers and distributors of gaming devices and gaming employees; providing for the distribution of revenue for public education, public safety and economic development; authorizing limited casino operations within the State of Michigan; and vesting authority for the regulation of casino gaming in a gaming control board.

text:
# Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act

The **Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act**, passed by Michigan voters in 1996 as **Proposal E** and then expanded and signed into law as the **Public Act 69 of 1997**, allows non-Native American casino gaming in Michigan. The proposal was approved by 51.51% of the voters on November 5, 1996.

The text of the proposal as passed by voters:

> *An act providing for the licensing and control of casino gambling operations, manufacturers and distributors of gaming devices and gaming employees; providing for the distribution of revenue for public education, public safety and economic development; authorizing limited casino operations within the State of Michigan; and vesting authority for the regulation of casino gaming in a gaming control board.*

## Proposal E election results

Proposal E
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **1,878,542** | **51.51** |
| No | 1,768,156 | 48.49 |
|
|
| **Total votes** | **3,646,698** | **100.00** |
|
| Registered voters/turnout | 6,677,079 | 54.62 |
|

1. "Proposal E Full Language". *michigan.gov*. Michigan Gaming Control Board. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
2. "Michigan Manual 2009-2010" (PDF). *legislature.mi.gov*. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
3. "Proposal E Ballot Language". *michigan.gov*. Michigan Gaming Control Board. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
4. "Complete Results from all Races" (PDF). *michigan.gov*. Michigan Department of State - Bureau of Elections. January 14, 1997. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
5. Federal Election Commission. "Voter Registration and Turnout - 1996". *fec.gov*. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-09.

## InfoBox

Proposal E
| **Michigan Gaming Control and Revenue Act** | |
| --- | --- |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  **Yes** **1,878,542** **51.51%**  **No** 1,768,156 48.49%  Valid votes 3,646,698 100.00%  Invalid or blank votes 0 0.00%  **Total votes** **3,646,698** **100.00%** | |
| --- | |
| County Results | |


title: Trofimena

abstract: Trofimena is a female saint canonised in the Roman Catholic Church. Originally from the town of Patti in Sicily, the relics of Trofimena are venerated in the basilica in the town of Minori, Italy on the coast of Amalfi, southern Italy.

text:
# Trofimena

**Trofimena** is a female saint canonised in the Roman Catholic Church. Originally from the town of Patti in Sicily (and closely connected to the figure of Saint Febronia), the relics of Trofimena are venerated in the basilica in the town of Minori, Italy on the coast of Amalfi, southern Italy.

## Hagiography

Trofimena's hagiographical history is unfortunately contorted. The key legend says she was martyred while still a young girl in the town of Patti in Sicily, around the age of 12 or 13 by her own father because she wanted to be baptised and embrace Christianity.

A story is told of a vision of an angel who announced her consecration to Christ and imminent martyrdom, and advised against wedding plans already advanced by her family. After death, Trofimena's body is hidden protectively in an urn and thrown into the sea, the current taking it to the coast of Salerno in southern Italy, and directly to the town of Minori. The urn is discovered by the people of Minori who have it carried by a pair of white calves in the presence of Bishop Peter of Amalfi (c.829); and where the beasts stop a church is built and dedicated. The calves refusing to move from the spot and the people interpreting it as a divine signal on the choice of place.

At least one modern scholar has drawn parallels with the myth of the siren, Parthenope, who was said to inhabit the small islands of the shore of Naples with her sisters. When she had failed to win over Ulysses with her music, Parthenope died and her body was carried by ocean currents to the shore where the people discovered the goddess with closed eyes and white face, and took her remains to place them in a magnificent tomb accompanied by sacrifices and torchlight processions to the sea.

## Medieval despoliation of relics

The subsequent history of the town of Minori is tied to the cult and veneration of Trofimena and for more than 1,000 years the town has jealously conserved her relics.

The relics have a historic record certainly stretching back to at least 838–839 AD according to an anonymous 9th century chronicler that narrated the discovery and transferral of the relics under Sicard, the Longobard Prince of Benevento. Under that account, the relics were deposited in the town church with great pomp. Miracles were then said to have occurred, and large charitable donations made. By visions and other indications the saint expressed her determination to remain.

Trofimena's repose was short, for in the year 838 Sicard of Benevento, having erected a church in his own capital, went in search of relics for it, and engaged some sailors from the neighbouring city of Amalfi to procure for him the body of St. Bartholomew, preserved in Lipari. The Amalfitans, fearing that Sicard might also seize Trofimena's relics from Minori (a town not capable of repelling attack), carried the remains by boat to Amalfi, and deposited them in their cathedral.

Again the legend records Trofimena's displeasure at being taken from Minori when Bishop Peter is warned that he will die shortly for violating the tomb, and his corpse eaten by wild dogs.

Sicard, returning from a successful expedition against the Saracens, directed his fleet towards Amalfi, invaded the city, and carried away the bones - first to Salerno, and from there to Benevento. Bishop Peter's tomb was violated and his body indeed left to the dogs.

However the following year, 839, Sicard was assassinated, and two priests from Minori immediately begged for the surrender of the saint with both Prince Radelchis and the Bishop of Benevento, threatening Radelchis with the eternal enmity of the Amalfitans in case of refusal. Before the arrival of the relics of Andrew from Constantinople, Trofimena enjoyed considerable veneration along the whole of the Amalfi territory, because she was the only saint of whom they possessed actual relics. An agreement was reached to release the body excluding the top of the skull. The relics were transported to Minori, with much rejoicing, and on 13 July 840 were jealously hidden within the basilica.

In 987 Minori was elevated to a bishopric. However, the passing centuries led to the memory of the exact position of the relics being lost. Despite having a number of names - Trufumena, Trefonia, Febronia – on 21 January 1673 the Sacred Congregation of Rites in Rome confirmed that the saint would be known henceforth in the martyrs calendar as Trofimena.

In 1694 the Neapolitan playwright Carmino Scassafer published a "sacred tragedy" entitled *L'Innocenza per seguitata overo Santa Trofimena*, dealing dramatically with the life of the saint.

Bishop Silvestro Stana began the remodelling of the cathedral in the late-18th century, and a few years later the relics were rediscovered on the night of 27 November 1793.

## Modern-day veneration

Today, Trofimena's relics are housed in the basilica in Minori. A medieval church was built around c.700 on the original basement of an ancient Roman church; was remodelled in the 12th century; and this was superseded by a complete rebuilding in the 18th century. In the crypt of the Basilica, on the main altar, the remains of Santa Trofimena are kept in an alabaster urn designed by the sculptor Gennaro Ragazzino in 1722.

An ancient church of Trofimena still exists in Salerno where some of her relics (the top of her skull) are preserved. In modern-day New York City emigrants from Minori have erected a chapel to Trofimena and have a copy of the statue that is carried in procession as part of the celebrations as Patroness of Minori.

### Feast days

Three feast days honour Trofimena in the religious calendar of Catholic saints.

*5 November* is the celebration of the original discovery of her relics on the beach of Minori in the 700s.

The *27 November* celebration marks the rediscovery of the reliquary urn in the late 18th century.

The *13 July* has become the most important festival as it falls during the summer and commemorates an important miracle. Minori was being attacked from the sea by Arab pirates. Villagers invoked the intercession of Trofimena who on a lovely summer day summoned up a terrible tempest that shipwrecked the attacking horde.

## Trofimena and Febronia

According to her sixth-century Vita, Febronia of Nisibis was a beautiful nun martyred during the Diocletian persecution. Her cult began in Syria, and spread from there to Constantinople, Southern Italy and Sicily. Translations of Febronia's "*Passio*" suggest her name reappears as Phebronia, Pambroniya, Sephronia, Sophronia, and Trofimena

Although the Synaxarium of Constantinople claims that Febronia's relics reached the city by 363,there seems to be no evidence of her cult in Constantinople before the seventh century. At that time she appears as an assistant to St. Artemios in the Miracles of St. Artemios, which describe a chapel erected to Febronia in the church of St. John Prodomos.

The 7th century Emperor Heraclius may have had a daughter by his second wife, Martina, named Febronia; and his campaigns in Mesopotamia could perhaps have brought him into contact with the legend of a local martyr, Febronia, and through him, therefore, her story could have been "Byzantinized."

Febronia's Latin life dates to the ninth century, not long after a series of Syrian popes came to Italy in the eighth century. A cult around Febronia subsequently sprung up in Palagonia (CT), Patti (ME) and Minori(SA).

According to modern scholars, it is extremely likely that the legends of Febronia and Trofimena are one and the same.


title: Trirammatus

abstract: Trirammatus is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are about 11 described species in Trirammatus, found mainly in South America.

text:
# Trirammatus

***Trirammatus*** is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are about 11 described species in *Trirammatus*, found mainly in South America.

## Species

These 11 species belong to the genus *Trirammatus*:

## InfoBox

| *Trirammatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trirammatus skottsbergi* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Pterostichinae |
| Tribe: | Pterostichini |
| Subtribe: | Euchroina |
| Genus: | *Trirammatus*<br>Chaudoir, 1835 |
|
| Subgenera | |
| * Meraulax Tschitscherine, 1900 * Plagioplatys Tschitscherine, 1900 * Trirammatus Chaudoir, 1835 | |


title: Triraphis

abstract:
Triraphis is a genus of African, Arabian, Australian, and Brazilian plants in the grass family. Needlegrass is a common name for plants in this genus.
  - Species
  - Triraphis andropogonoides (Steud.) E.Phillips, - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho
  - Triraphis compacta Cope, - Ethiopia
  - Triraphis devia Filg. & Zuloaga, - State of Goiás in Brazil
  - Triraphis mollis R.Br., - Australia; naturalized in Britain, Belgium, Texas
  - Triraphis pumilio R.Br., - Angola, Namibia, Sahara, Arabian Pen
  - Triraphis purpurea Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Botswana
  - Triraphis ramosissima Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa
  - Triraphis schinzii Hack., Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia
  - formerly included see Cortaderia Crinipes Eriachne Nematopoa Pentameris Triodia

text:
# Triraphis

***Triraphis*** is a genus of African, Arabian, Australian, and Brazilian plants in the grass family. **Needlegrass** is a common name for plants in this genus.

Species formerly included

see *Cortaderia Crinipes Eriachne Nematopoa Pentameris Triodia*

## InfoBox

| *Triraphis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Triraphis mollis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Chloridoideae |
| Tribe: | Triraphideae |
| Genus: | *Triraphis*
R.Br. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Triraphis pungens*
R.Br. | |


title: Geordie – Masters of Rock

abstract: Geordie – Masters of Rock is a compilation album by rock band Geordie. It was released in 1974 by EMI.

text:
# Geordie – Masters of Rock

***Geordie – Masters of Rock*** is a compilation album by rock band Geordie. It was released in 1974 by EMI.

## Track listing

1. "House of the Rising Sun" (traditional, arranged by Geordie)
2. "All Because of You" (Malcolm)
3. "Can you do it" (Malcolm)
4. "Give you till Monday" (Malcolm)
5. "Red Eyed Lady" (Malcolm)
6. "Don't do that" (Malcolm)
7. "Ride on Baby" (Geordie)
8. "Keep On Rocking" (Malcolm)
9. "Black Cat Woman" (Malcolm)
10. "Electric Lady" (Malcolm)
11. "Natural Born Loser" (Malcolm)
12. "Ain't it just like a Woman" (Malcolm)

## Personnel

* Brian Johnson (vocals)
* Vic Malcolm (guitar)
* Tom Hill (bass)
* Brian Gibson (drums)

## InfoBox

| Geordie - Masters of Rock | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Geordie | |
| Released | 1974 |
| Label | EMI |
| Geordie chronology | |
| *Don't Be Fooled by the Name*
(1974) ***Geordie - Masters of Rock***
(1974) *Save the World*
(1976) | |


title: Michèle Delaunay

abstract: Michèle Delaunay is a French oncologist and politician who served as Junior Minister for the Elderly and Dependent Care at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health under President François Hollande from 2012 to 2014. She was a member of the National Assembly of France where she represented the 2nd constituency of the Gironde on behalf of the Socialist Party.

text:
# Michèle Delaunay

**Michèle Delaunay** (French pronunciation: \[miʃɛl dəlonɛ\]; born Clermont-Ferrand, 8 January 1947) is a French oncologist and politician who served as Junior Minister for the Elderly and Dependent Care at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health under President François Hollande from 2012 to 2014. She was a member of the National Assembly of France where she represented the 2nd constituency of the Gironde on behalf of the Socialist Party.

## Political career

### Career in local politics

* General councillor of Gironde : Since 2004. Reelected in 2011.
* Municipal councillor of Bordeaux : 2001-2007 (Resignation).

### Career in national politics

Delaunay served as a member of the National Assembly of France for Gironde (2nd constituency) from 2007. In parliament, she was on the Committee on Social Affairs (2009–2012, 2014–2017) and the Committee on Cultural Affairs and Education (2007–2009).

In the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Delaunay endorsed François Hollande as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.

### Junior Minister for the Elderly and Dependent Care, 2012–2014

On 15 April 2013, Delaunay was forced to reveal personal financial information by President Hollande, who demanded that all ministers publish details of their personal wealth. Her net worth was reported at over $7 million, including $20,000 worth of jewelry.

## InfoBox

| Michèle Delaunay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Junior Minister for the Elderly and Dependent Care | |
| **In office**
2012–2014 | |
| President | François Hollande |
| Prime Minister | Jean-Marc Ayrault |
| Preceded by | Marie-Anne Montchamp |
| Succeeded by | Laurence Rossignol |
| Member of the National Assembly
for Gironde's 2nd constituency | |
| **In office**
2012–2014 | |
| Preceded by | Vincent Feltesse |
| Succeeded by | Catherine Fabre |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-01-08) 8 January 1947
Clermont-Ferrand, France |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
| Spouse | Klaus Fuchs |
| Profession | Oncologist |
|  | |


title: Tromos

abstract: Tromos was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In the autumn of 1978 he won the Clarence House Stakes by thirteen lengths and the Dewhurst Stakes by three. As a result of these performances he was rated the best two-year-old racehorse in Europe by both the independent Timeform organisation and the official International Classification. After being beaten in the Craven Stakes on his first run in 1979 he suffered from ill health and did not race again in Europe. He returned to racing as a four-year-old in the United States but was well beaten in both his races. Tromos was then retired to stud, but died only two years later.

text:
# Tromos

**Tromos** (10 March 1976  October 1982) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In the autumn of 1978 he won the Clarence House Stakes by thirteen lengths and the Dewhurst Stakes by three. As a result of these performances he was rated the best two-year-old racehorse in Europe by both the independent Timeform organisation and the official International Classification. After being beaten in the Craven Stakes on his first run in 1979 he suffered from ill health and did not race again in Europe. He returned to racing as a four-year-old in the United States but was well beaten in both his races. Tromos was then retired to stud, but died only two years later.

## Background

Tromos was a "fine, big, rangy" flaxen chestnut colt with a broad white blaze and four white stockings bred by his owner George Cambanis. His dam Stilvi was bought by Cambanis as a yearling and became a top-class racehorse, winning the King George Stakes and Duke of York Stakes and an outstanding broodmare. Before Tromos, she had produced the Middle Park Stakes winner Tachypous and went on to produce the Irish Derby winner Tyrnavos and the Coronation Stakes winner Tolmi. *Tromos* is a Greek word meaning "a trembling or quaking with fear". The colt was sent into training with Bruce Hobbs at his Palace House stables in Newmarket and was ridden in his British races by the lightweight jockey John "Kipper" Lynch.

## Racing career

### 1978: two-year-old season

Tromos made his racecourse debut in the Ribero Stakes over six furlongs at Doncaster Racecourse in September. He appeared to be less than fully fit, but showed some promise to finish third, beaten two lengths and a neck by Indian Brave and Sandford Boy. Twelve days later the colt was sent to Ascot Racecourse for the six furlong Clarence House Stakes. Tromos raced close to the lead before going clear of the field in the last quarter mile and drawing away to win by thirteen lengths from the Queen's colt Milford. Lynch said that he thought that something must have happened to the horses behind him as "everything had suddenly gone quiet". In October, Tromos was moved up in class and distance to contest the Group One Dewhurst Stakes, Britain's most prestigious race for two-year-olds over seven furlongs at Newmarket Racecourse. He started at odds of 11/4, making him third favourite in a field of six runners behind R B Chesne and More Light, who had finished first and second in the Champagne Stakes. Lynch sent the colt into the lead from the start and set a strong pace which soon had the other contenders under pressure. Two furlongs from the finish Tromos accelerated away from the field and won very impressively by an official margin of three lengths from More Light with Warminton in third (Timeform gave the winning distance as four lengths). Tromos went into the winter break as favourite for the following year's 2000 Guineas and Derby.

### 1979: three-year-old season

Tromos began his three-year-old season at Newmarket in April when he started 30/100 favourite for the Craven Stakes, a trial race for the 2000 Guineas. His only two opponents, to whom he was conceding seven pounds, were Warminton and the Solario Stakes winner Lyphard's Wish. In contrast to the tactics previously employed on the colt, Lynch attempted to restrain the horse in the early stages. Tromos fought his jockey's attempts to hold him up and in the closing stages he never looked likely to catch the front-running Lyphard's Wish and finished second, beaten two and a half lengths. Shortly after the Craven, Tromos was diagnosed as suffering from a viral infection and did not race again in 1979.

Late in the year, Tromos was sold privately to the Kentucky-based Pillar Farm and exported to the United States.

### 1980: four-year-old season

As a four-year-old, Tromos was trained in the United States by Peter M. Howe. He failed to recover his form, finishing unplaced in two allowance races at Belmont Park in June. He was ridden in his American races by Jorge Velásquez.

## Assessment

In 1978 the independent Timeform organisation gave Tromos a rating of 134, making him their highest-rated two-year-old of the season, two pounds ahead of the French-trained filly Sigy. His rating was the second best achieved by a two-year-old in the 1970s behind Apalachee's 137 and equalling those of My Swallow, Deep Diver and Grundy. In the inaugural International Classification, a collaboration between the official handicappers of France, Ireland and the United Kingdom, Tromos was rated the best two-year-old in Europe ahead of Sigy and Irish River. In the following year he was rated 123 by Timeform, fourteen pounds behind the top three-year-old colt Troy.

In their book, *A Century of Champions*, based on the Timeform rating system, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Tromos the forty-seventh-best British or Irish two-year-old of the 20th century.

## Stud record

Tromos retired from racing to become a breeding stallion at the Pillar Farm. He died of colic at the age of six in October 1982 after two seasons at stud and was buried at the farm. The most successful of his offspring was Trokhos, who won the San Marcos Handicap in 1989. His daughter Tralthee was the granddam of the Cartier Champion Older Horse Soviet Song.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Tromos (GB), chestnut stallion, 1976
| Sire
Busted (GB)
1963 | Crepello (GB)
1954 | Donatello | Bleheim |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Delleana |
| | Crepuscule | Mieuxce |
| | Red Sunset |
| | Sans le Sou (GB)
1957 | Vimy | Wild Risk |
| | | Mimi |
| | Martial Loan | Court Martial |
| | Neberna |
| Dam
Stilvi (IRE)
1969 | Derring-Do (GB)
1961 | Darius | Dante |
| | | Yasna |
| | Sipsey Bridge | Abernant |
| | Claudette |
| | Djerella (FR)
1960 | Guersant | Bubbles |
| | | Montagnana |
| | Djeretta | Djebel |
| | Candida (Family 3-h) |

## InfoBox

| Tromos | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Busted |
| Grandsire | Crepello |
| Dam | Stilvi |
| Damsire | Derring-Do |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 10 March 1976 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | George Cambanis |
| Owner | George Cambanis |
| Trainer | Bruce Hobbs
Peter Howe |
| Record | 6:2-1-1 |
| Major wins | |
| Clarence House Stakes (1978)
Dewhurst Stakes (1978) | |
| Awards | |
| Top-rated European two-year-old (1978)
Timeform best two-year-old (1978)
Timeform rating: 134 (1978), 123 (1979) | |
| Last updated on 26 July 2022 | |


title: Genoplesium citriodorum

abstract: Genoplesium citriodorum, commonly known as the lemon-scented midge orchid, is a species of small terrestrial orchid that is endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to thirty three small, lemon scented, dark purplish black flowers. It usually grows under shrubs in shallow sandstone soil in the Blue Mountains.

text:
# Genoplesium citriodorum

***Genoplesium citriodorum***, commonly known as the **lemon-scented midge orchid**, is a species of small terrestrial orchid that is endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to thirty three small, lemon scented, dark purplish black flowers. It usually grows under shrubs in shallow sandstone soil in the Blue Mountains.

## Description

*Genoplesium citriodorum* is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf 200–300 mm (8–10 in) long and fused to the flowering stem with the free part 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long. Between twenty and thirty three dark purplish black flowers are arranged along a flowering stem 30–40 mm (1–2 in) tall and taller than the leaf. The flowers are about 6 mm (0.24 in) long and 5 mm (0.20 in) wide and lean forward. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is narrow egg-shaped, about 5 mm (0.20 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide with prominent red lines and sparsely hairy edges. The lateral sepals are about 5.5 mm (0.2 in) long, 1.5 mm (0.06 in) wide, turn downwards and spread widely apart from each other. The petals are narrow egg-shaped, about 3.5 mm (0.1 in) long, 1 mm (0.04 in) wide with prominent stripes and hairy edges. The labellum is purple, narrow egg-shaped, about 4 mm (0.2 in) long, 1.5 mm (0.06 in) wide, with many hairs up to 1 mm (0.04 in) on its edges. There is a dark reddish purple callus in the centre of the labellum and extending two-thirds of the way to its tip. Flowering occurs between December and April.

## Taxonomy and naming

The lemon scented midge orchid was first formally described in 1991 by David Jones and Mark Clements who gave it the name *Genoplesium citriodorum* and published the description in *Australian Orchid Research*. In 2002, Jones and Clements changed the name to *Corunastylis citriodora* but the change is not accepted by the Australian Plant Census. The specific epithet (*citriodorum*) is derived from the Latin words *citrea* meaning "the citron-tree" and *odor* meaning "smell", referring to the strongly lemon-scented flowers.

## Distribution and habitat

*Genoplesium citriodorum* is only known from the Blue Mountains at heights of 900–1,200 m (3,000–4,000 ft) where it grows under shrubs in shallow soil over sandstone and sometimes in permanently wet areas.

## InfoBox

| Lemon-scented midge orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Genoplesium* |
| Species: | ***G. citriodorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Genoplesium citriodorum***<br>D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Corunastylis citriodora* (D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | |


title: Genoplesium cornutum

abstract: Genoplesium cornutum, commonly known as horned midge orchid, is a species of small terrestrial orchid that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single leaf fused to the flowering stem and between two and ten crowded, green and reddish-purple flowers.

text:
# Genoplesium cornutum

***Genoplesium cornutum***, commonly known as **horned midge orchid**, is a species of small terrestrial orchid that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single leaf fused to the flowering stem and between two and ten crowded, green and reddish-purple flowers.

## Description

*Genoplesium cornutum* is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single cylindrical leaf sheathing the flowering stem. Between two and ten crowded, green flowers with a reddish-purple labellum are arranged along a flowering stem up to 180 mm (7.1 in) high. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The lateral sepals are held horizontally to slightly elevated and spread apart. The labellum is reddish-purple and elliptical with an upturned tip, and has a few short hairs on the edges. Flowering occurs from February to April.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 2008 by David Jones who gave it the name *Corunastylis cornuta* in *The Orchadian*, from a specimen collected from the Black Mountain Reserve. In 2014 Julian Shaw changed the name to *Genoplesium cornutum*. The specific epithet (*cornutum*) is a Latin word meaning "horned".

## Distribution and habitat

*Genoplesium cornutum* grows in woodland and drier forests, often hidden in grass tussocks. It occurs in the ranges of the Australian Capital Territory and north to near Goulburn in New South Wales.

## InfoBox

| *Genoplesium cornutum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| near Yass River | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Genoplesium* |
| Species: | ***G. cornutum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Genoplesium cornutum***<br>(D.L.Jones) J.M.H.Shaw | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Corunastylis cornuta* D.L.Jones | |


title: Genoplesium despectans

abstract: Genoplesium despectans, commonly known as the sharp midge orchid and known as Corunastylis despectans in Australia, is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to forty five small, dark purple or green and purple flowers.

text:
# Genoplesium despectans

***Genoplesium despectans***, commonly known as the **sharp midge orchid** and known as *Corunastylis despectans* in Australia, is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to forty five small, dark purple or green and purple flowers.

## Description

*Genoplesium despectans* is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf 150–250 mm (6–10 in) long and fused to the flowering stem with the free part 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long. Up to forty five dark purple or green and purple flowers are crowded along a flowering stem 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) tall. The flowers lean downwards and are about 5.5 mm (0.2 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, about 4 mm (0.2 in) long, 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and spread apart from each other. The petals are egg-shaped, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide with a pointed tip. The labellum is lance-shaped, thick and fleshy, about 3 mm (0.1 in) long, 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and sharply pointed with fine teeth along its edges. There is a narrow lance-shaped callus in the centre of the labellum and extending almost to its tip. Flowering occurs between December and April.

## Taxonomy and naming

The sharp midge orchid was first formally described in 1858 by Joseph Dalton Hooker who gave it the name *Prasophyllum despectans* and published the description in *Flora Antarctica*. In 1989, David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name to *Genoplesium despectans* and in 2002 changed the name again to *Corunastylis despectans*. The specific epithet (*despectans*) is derived from a Latin word meaning "to look down upon".

## Distribution and habitat

*Genoplesium despectans* grows in heath and heathy forest south from Wollongong in New South Wales and is common and widespread in Victoria. It also found in the south-east of South Australia and in Tasmania.

## InfoBox

| Sharp midge orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Genoplesium* |
| Species: | ***G. despectans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Genoplesium despectans***<br>(Hook.f.)D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Prasophyllum despectans*  Hook.f. * *Corunastylis despectans*  (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | |


title: Middlesbrough Futsal Club

abstract: Middlesbrough Futsal Club is an English futsal club based in Middlesbrough in the North East of England, playing in The FA Futsal League North. The club was founded in 2007 and play their home matches in Thornaby-on-Tees: a town in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees.

text:
# Middlesbrough Futsal Club

**Middlesbrough Futsal Club** is an English futsal club based in Middlesbrough in the North East of England, playing in The FA Futsal League North. The club was founded in 2007 and play their home matches in Thornaby-on-Tees: a town in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees.

## History

Middlesbrough Futsal Club was founded in 2007 after the success of the University of Teesside Futsal Club, to reach out to the community and to represent the town in the national league. Middlesbrough kicked off their existence winning the York Open and finished second in the Northern Futsal Premier League in 2007.

Middlesbrough Futsal Club now play in the FA Futsal League – the official national championship of indoor football (FUTSAL) in England – and the FA Futsal Cup. They play their home matches at Thornaby Pavilion.

They also compete regionally in the Tees Valley Futsal League and have travelled around Europe competing against some of the top professional teams.

## 2007

Middlesbrough finished second in the Futsal Premier League Northern Conference. They played in the FA Futsal Cup finals in Sheffield, losing to eventual runners-up Vaughan's FC in the group stage, but failed to progress past the groups.

## 2008

In 2008, Boro finished sixth in the first ever FA Futsal League North and retained the Tees Valley Futsal League. They also had two players, Ben Mortlock and Curtis Holmes, called up to the England national team. Curtis Holmes also represented Great Britain Universities in the World University Futsal Championship 2008 in Slovenia.

## 2009

Middlesbrough had a rebuilding job to do after losing several important players from season 2008, but went on to record their best ever season.

Middlesbrough opened their season with a charity tournament featuring a Legends exhibition match. The Legends consisted of Curtis Fleming, Jim Platt and Craig Hignett, among other local celebrities. Middlesbrough also defeated Tranmere Victoria 5–2 in this preseason tournament to signal their intent for the season.

Middlesbrough stormed to the FA Futsal League North title, defeating Loughborough University, FA Futsal Cup finalists 7–3 to clinch the title and went through to the playoffs, where they drew 1–1 with Tranmere Victoria and 5–5 with Genesis, missing out on a shot at the title.

They went out of the group stage in The FA Futsal Cup, losing to London United and Team Bath before beating Worcestor 9–0. They reached the plate semi final, before being knocked out on penalties to Sheffield.

Ryon Leyshon broke into the England squad and became Middlesbrough's all-time top goalscorer.

## 2010

Middlesbrough finished fourth in the FA Futsal League North failing to make the playoffs, Mikey Roberts, Jason Kilbride and Robbie Bettson all got selected for the Great Britain team for the World University Championships where they also finished 11th – the highest ever place they have finished. Robbie Bettson was top goalscorer in The FA Futsal League North with 20 goals.

## 2010–2011

Middlesbrough finished 3rd in The FA Futsal League North.

## Club honours

* **Tees Valley Futsal League: 5**
    + 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
* **York Invitational: 1**
    + 2007

* + 2009
* **North Riding Futsal League: 1**
    + 2009
* **FA Futsal League North: 1**
    + 2009
* **FA Futsal Plate: 1**
    + 2010

## First team squad 2011–2012

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  ENG Eliot Brown  22 GK  ENG Lewis Kirtley  3 Winger  ENG Joshua Poyser  5 Winger  ENG James Risbrough  6 Winger  SCO Richie Dacombe  7 Winger  ENG Sean O'Brien  8 Winger  ENG Ryan Harker  9 Winger  ENG Mikey Roberts  10 Winger  ENG Robbie Bettson  11 Winger  ENG Pete Bulmer  21 Winger  ENG Theo Furness |
| --- |

## Notable players

There have been a few notable players who have played for Middlesbrough Futsal Club.

## Most goals

| # | Name | Career | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ryon Leyshon | 2007–2009 | 85 |
| 2 | Jason Kilbride | 2008–2011 | 77 |
| 3 | Matt Wootton | 2007–2009 | 60 |
| 4 | Robbie Bettson | 2009–present | 50 |
| 5 | Mikey Roberts | 2009–present | 47 |
| 6 | Ben Mortlock | 2007–2008 | 40 |
| 7 | Ben Everson | 2006–2007, 2009 | 34 |
| 8 | **Nick Hamblin** | 2006–2009 | 33 |
| 9 | Immy Rashid | 2005–2008 | 32 |
| 10 | David Herbert | 2007–2009 | 27 |

## InfoBox

Middlesbrough Futsal Club
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Middlesbrough Futsal Club |
| Nickname(s) | Boro |
| Founded | February 2007 |
| Ground | Thornaby Pavilion, <br>Thornaby, North Yorkshire, England |
| Capacity | 600 |
| Chairman | Damon Shaw |
| Manager | Damon Shaw |
| League | FA Futsal League – North |
| 2010–2011 | 3rd |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Trogotorna

abstract: Trogotorna is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Trogotorna persecta, is found in South America, including Brazil. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1910. Adults are on wing in January, April and December.

text:
# Trogotorna

***Trogotorna*** is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, ***Trogotorna persecta***, is found in South America, including Brazil. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1910.

Adults are on wing in January, April and December.

## InfoBox

| *Trogotorna* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trogotorna persecta* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Subfamily: | Acontiinae |
| Tribe: | Chamaecleini |
| Genus: | *Trogotorna*<br>Hampson, 1910 |
|


title: Middle Eastern (album)

abstract: Middle Eastern is an album by the Iranian musician Mehdi Rajabian, along with a hundred musicians from twelve countries of Middle East, released by Sony Music Entertainment in March 2019. The idea for the album came to Rajabian while he was imprisoned due to his musical activities, and the album has not been released in Iran due to restrictions on him. The album is in classic and Middle Eastern form and focusses on Middle Eastern sounds, featuring traditional instruments. It has 11 tracks and is 40 minutes long.

text:
# Middle Eastern (album)

***Middle Eastern*** is an album by the Iranian musician Mehdi Rajabian, along with a hundred musicians from twelve countries of Middle East, released by Sony Music Entertainment in March 2019. The idea for the album came to Rajabian while he was imprisoned due to his musical activities, and the album has not been released in Iran due to restrictions on him. The album is in classic and Middle Eastern form and focusses on Middle Eastern sounds, featuring traditional instruments. It has 11 tracks and is 40 minutes long.

## Publication

This album was published worldwide in March 2019 by Sony Music Entertainment. It was available on both physical and digital markets *(such as iTunes)* to buy. This album hasn't been published Iran due to the restrictions Rajabian is facing.

## Painting for pieces of music

Zehra Doğan, a Kurdish painter, has started her first collaboration with the album "Middle Eastern" after her release from prison. Zehra has painted for all the musical pieces of the album, each painting tells a story. For the first time, Artnet, Sky News, Financial Times News Agency has published a number of his paintings.

## Performance

Helia Bandeh, an Iranian-Dutch Dancer, performed a dance for one of the album tracks with the story of life and death as one of the guest members in the group. Her dance has been published exclusively by ABC News Agency.

## Cover

The cover of the album is a photograph by Reza Deghati. As he claimed in one of his interviews with Al Jazeera, the photograph was shot in Iraq.

## Musicians' Condition

The melodies of this album were created in the middle of war, vast water (as one of the musicians was a refugee escaping his country on a boat), in prison, poverty and under bombardments. Rajabian himself was in prison for two years due to his musical activities, and he wrote the initiative idea for the album then. The message this album carries is about tyranny, oppression, human rights, war, peace, and freedom.

## Reflection in media

News agencies such as Washington Post, Euronews, ICI, MSN, Al Jazeera, Newsweek, BBC World, etc. did cover the album. Washington Post mentioned this that music can talk about suffering and human rights, and not just for fun and politics. Newsweek labeled this album as one of the greatest albums of Middle East.

## Arrest

Mehdi Rajabian was arrested once again on August 11, 2020 for publishing his latest album *Middle Eastern*. Later on, Fox News reported that he was temporarily released on bail until his court date. As Reuters reports, Rajabian "was arrested following media reports that his latest project will include women singing and the publication of a video of a woman dancing to his music". Al Jazeera also reported that he will be on a home arrest until the court date. Music, paintings, dancing, photography, and book writing were the elements of Middle Eastern project. Musicians from all over the Middle East have participated in this project. Due to his arrest, this project was also left unfinished, just like the last ones. As for the music part of the project, the album was released by Sony Music in 2019.

1. "'No to war': Middle East musicians collaborate on a 'peace album'". *www.aljazeera.com*. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
2. "Middle Eastern". *Sony Music Turkey*. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
3. Matamoros, Cristina Abellan (20 September 2018). "Middle East musicians send united message of peace in new musical collaboration". *euronews*. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
4. "Risquer sa vie pour faire de la musique en temps de guerre". *www.msn.com*. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
5. "'No to war': Middle East musicians collaborate on a 'peace album'". *Your Middle East*. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
6. "Iran,"Medio Oriente di pace", il nuovo album di Mehdi Rajabian". *Arabpress* (in Italian). 10 August 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
7. "Mehdi Rajabian was sent to prison for making music - but he says that won't stop him". *BBC.com*. 10 August 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
8. "The songwriter tells us about his new 'Middle Eastern' album and his passion for artistic freedom". *thenational.ae*. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
9. "I Could Be Arrested at Any Moment': Dissident Musician Mehdi Rajabian on Collaborating With Artists for His Risky New Album". *Artnet*. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
10. "Jailed Iranian musician: 'We need human rights". *Sky.com*. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
11. "Mehdi Rajabian: songs of sorrow and liberation". *Financial Times*. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
12. "Messages for Peace: Iranian Artist Imprisoned for Music Releases New Album". *Mei.Edu*. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
13. "Helia Bandeh performs for the Middle Eastern Project". *ABC.net.au*. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
14. "When dance gets dangerous: the perils of free expression in Iran". *Financial Times*. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
15. "Iranian artists jailed for defying government restrictions on women singing and dancing". *FT.com*. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
16. "'No to war': Middle East musicians collaborate on a 'peace album' - RocketNews". *RocketNews | Top News Stories From Around the Globe*. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
17. ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Arts-. "Risquer sa vie pour faire de la musique en temps de guerre". *Radio-Canada.ca* (in Canadian French). Retrieved 17 March 2019.
18. "Iranian musician rebuffing ban arrested for allegedly encouraging women to dance and sing". *foxnews.com*. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
19. "Iranian musician faces jail over women dancers and singers". *Reuters.com*. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
20. "Iran: Musician faces jail for working with women dancers, singers". *Aljazeera.com*. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
21. "Middle Eastern Album Music". *sonymusic.com.tr*. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
22. "Dissident Musician Mehdi Rajabian on Collaborating With Artists for His Risky New Album". *news.artnet.com*. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
23. "performs for the Middle Eastern Project". *abc.net.au*. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
24. "Middle East musicians collaborate on a 'peace album'". *aljazeera.com*. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
25. "Iran Threatens Musician With Jail for Encouraging Women to Sing, Dance". *Newsweek.com*. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
26. "Iranian musician Mehdi Rajabian arrested for working with women". *Bbc.com*. 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
27. "Iranian musician's complete prohibition' after allegedly helping women sing". *thenational.ae*. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
28. "Iranian artists jailed for defying government restrictions on women singing and dancing". *abc.net.au*. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
29. "When dance gets dangerous: the perils of free expression in Iran". *Ft.com*. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
30. "Iranian musician faces prison for women dancing, singing". *alarabiya.net*. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
31. "Iran, rischia la prigione il musicista che fa cantare e ballare le donne". *corriere.it*. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
32. "Iran, arrestato il musicista Mehdi Rajabian: collabora con donne. L'accusa: "Incoraggia la prostituzione"". *repubblica.it*. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

## InfoBox

| Middle Eastern | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mehdi Rajabian | |
| Released | 15 March 2019 |
| Recorded | March 2018, in different studios in Middle East |
| Genre | Classical, Traditional Middle Eastern Folk |
| Length | 40:12 |
| Label | Sony Music Entertainment |
| Producer | Barg Music by Mehdi Rajabian |


title: Trooditissa Monastery

abstract: Trooditissa Monastery, is situated on the southern slopes of the Troodos Mountains on the island of Cyprus. It is an Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was founded in 990, but the current building dates back to 1731. It is built at an altitude of 1,300m (4,265 feet) and the closest village is Platres. The Holy Monastery of Trooditissa is estimated to have been founded after the period of iconoclasm. The earlier buildings, which were of the middle Byzantine period are not saved. The main church and the other surrounding buildings were built in the 18th-20th centuries. The most important relic of the monastery is the thaumaturgist icon of Virgin Mary, originally from Asia Minor and is known for its wonders to childless married couples who wish to have a child. The church celebrates on 15 August, during the feast of the Assumption.

text:
# Trooditissa Monastery

**Trooditissa Monastery**, (Greek: Τροοδίτισσα) is situated on the southern slopes of the Troodos Mountains on the island of Cyprus. It is an Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

It was founded in 990, but the current building dates back to 1731. It is built at an altitude of 1,300m (4,265 feet) and the closest village is Platres.

The Holy Monastery of Trooditissa is estimated to have been founded after the period of iconoclasm. The earlier buildings, which were of the middle Byzantine period (12th century) are not saved. The main church and the other surrounding buildings were built in the 18th-20th centuries.

The most important relic of the monastery is the thaumaturgist icon of Virgin Mary, originally from Asia Minor and is known for its wonders to childless married couples who wish to have a child. The church celebrates on 15 August, during the feast of the Assumption.

## InfoBox

Trooditissa
| Τροοδίτισσα | |
| --- | --- |
| Trooditissa Monastery | |
| Location within Cyprus | |
| Monastery information | |
| Full name | Holy Monastery of Trooditissa |
| Order | Orthodox monasticism |
| Established | 990 |
| Dedicated to | Virgin Mary |
| Celebration date | August 15 |
| Diocese | Church of Cyprus |
| Prior | Archimandrite Athanasios |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Byzantine |
| Site | |
| Location | Troodos Mountains, Paphos District |
| Country | Cyprus |
| Coordinates | 34°54′46″N 32°50′18″E / 34.9129°N 32.8383°E / 34.9129; 32.8383 |


title: Trout, West Virginia

abstract: Trout is an unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. Trout is 8 miles (13 km) west-northwest of Falling Spring. It’s Post Office has been closed.

text:
# Trout, West Virginia

**Trout** is an unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. Trout is 8 miles (13 km) west-northwest of Falling Spring. It’s Post Office has been closed.

## InfoBox

| Trout, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| TroutTrout | |
| Coordinates: 38°01′00″N 80°28′04″W / 38.01667°N 80.46778°W / 38.01667; -80.46778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Greenbrier |
| Elevation | 2,264 ft (690 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code(s) | 304 & 681 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1553262 |


title: Mid-Carolina Regional Airport

abstract: Mid-Carolina Regional Airport is a public airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the central business district (CBD) of Salisbury, a city in Rowan County, North Carolina, USA. This general aviation airport covers 400 acres (162 ha) and has one runway. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Mid-Carolina Regional Airport is assigned RUQ by the FAA and SRW by the IATA. The airport's ICAO identifier is KRUQ.

text:
# Mid-Carolina Regional Airport

**Mid-Carolina Regional Airport** (IATA: **SRW**, ICAO: **KRUQ**, FAA LID: **RUQ**) (formerly Rowan County Airport) is a public airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the central business district (CBD) of Salisbury, a city in Rowan County, North Carolina, USA. This general aviation airport covers 400 acres (162 ha) and has one runway.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Mid-Carolina Regional Airport is assigned **RUQ** by the FAA and **SRW** by the IATA. The airport's ICAO identifier is **KRUQ**.

## Services

There are rental cars available for transportation. Aircraft maintenance, painting and interiors, avionics installation and repair is also available. The airport also offers a flight school, a pilot's lounge and office space rental.

* "Mid-Carolina Regional Airport - RUQ" (PDF). at North Carolina DOT airport guide
* FAA Terminal Procedures for RUQ, effective September 5, 2024
* Resources for this airport:

## InfoBox

| Mid-Carolina Regional Airport | |
| --- | --- |
| Terminal at Mid-Carolina Regional Airport | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Rowan County |
| Serves | Salisbury, North Carolina |
| Elevation AMSL | 772 ft / 235 m |
| Coordinates | 35°38′45″N 080°31′13″W / 35.64583°N 80.52028°W / 35.64583; -80.52028 |
| Website | www.rowancountync.gov/149/Airport |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  2/20 5,501 1,677 Asphalt | |
|  | |


title: George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham

abstract: George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham KG, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent and of Cooling Castle, Kent, was an English peer, soldier and magnate, who participated in the political turmoil following the death of King Henry VIII.

text:
# George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham

**George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham** (c.1497  29 September 1558) KG, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent and of Cooling Castle, Kent, was an English peer, soldier and magnate, who participated in the political turmoil following the death of King Henry VIII.

## Origins

He was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Brooke, 8th Baron Cobham by his first wife Dorothy Heydon, a daughter of Sir Henry Heydon and Anne Boleyn.

His paternal grandparents were John Brooke, 7th Baron Cobham and Margaret Neville, a daughter of Edward Neville, 3rd Baron Bergavenny and Katherine Howard. His maternal grandparents were Sir Henry Heydon and Anne Boleyn, daughter of Geoffrey Boleyn and cousin to King Henry VIII's second wife and queen consort, Anne Boleyn. The 3rd Baron Bergavenny was the youngest son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and his second wife, Lady Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster's third marriage and half-sister of King Henry IV. Bergavenny's wife, Katherine Howard, was the daughter of Sir Robert Howard and Lady Margaret Mowbray. Katherine's brother was the first Howard Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk was an ancestor to the two wives of Henry VIII that were beheaded, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard.

## Career

In his youth he accompanied his father to the marriage of Princess Mary (sister of King Henry VIII), to King Louis XII of France. He returned to France during the 1520s, fighting with distinction around Calais. In July 1523 after the taking of Morlaix, he was invested as a Knight by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and succeeded to his father's title in November 1529. In 1536 he was one of the 27 peers at the trial of his second cousin Queen Anne Boleyn. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries he acquired much former monastic property. At home he served as a Justice of the Peace for Kent. In 1544 he occupied a high command in the English army which invaded Scotland; later that year he was appointed commanding officer of Calais, a personal possession of the king. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 24 April 1549.

Brooke's family were dogged by scandal. His sister, Elizabeth Brooke, was married to Sir Thomas Wyatt but lived openly in adultery with another man. Allegedly she attracted the attention of Henry VIII in 1542, and Eustace Chapuys, the Imperial ambassador, thought that had she tried she could have become Henry's sixth wife. His daughter, Elisabeth Brooke, Marchioness of Northampton, was also prone to scandal as from 1543 she had lived with her future husband William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton whilst he was separated from his wife Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier. They eventually married during the reign of Edward VI, but this was declared invalid by Mary I. In the reign of Elizabeth I, their marriage was finally confirmed as valid.

He resigned his post in 1550 and on 23 May became a member of the Privy Council of Edward VI. After Edward's death, Brooke supported the attempt by John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland to place his daughter-in-law Lady Jane Grey on the throne. He was pardoned by Queen Mary I, but subsequently fell under suspicion again. His nephew, Sir Thomas Wyatt the younger was the leader of Wyatt's Rebellion, a Protestant rebellion which brought suspicion on the whole family. Brooke's daughter, Elizabeth Brooke, is thought to have been the instigator of the plot to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne instead of Mary I. During his Rebellion, Wyatt besieged Lord Cobham in Cooling Castle and although Cobham claimed to have resisted, following the failure of the rebellion he was accused of complicity in it and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for a brief period. The next year, at the start of the Roman Catholic Queen's formal reconciliation with the Holy See, he was assigned to welcome to England the papal legate Cardinal Pole, who went on to be responsible for many Protestant martyrdoms in England. The entertainment is recorded as having taken place at Cooling Castle in 1555. Thereafter Cobham limited himself to local affairs in Kent.

## Marriage and issue

In about 1517, certainly before 1526, at Eaton Bray in Bedfordshire, he married Anne Braye (b.1501), eldest daughter and co-heiress of Edmund Braye, 1st Baron Braye (c.1480–1539), of Eaton Bray, by his heiress wife Jane Halliwell (c.1480–1558). By his wife he had issue ten sons and four daughters:

### Sons

* William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham (1 November 1527 – 6 March 1597), eldest son and heir, who married firstly, Dorothy Nevill, by whom he had one daughter, and secondly in 1560, Frances Newton, a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I, by whom he had seven children.
* George Brooke (27 January 1533 – 1570), who married Christiana Duke, only daughter and sole heiress (of his unsettled lands) of Richard Duke (c.1515–1572), MP, of Otterton, Devon, by whom he had issue:
    + Duke Brooke;
    + Peter Brooke;
* Thomas Brooke (1533 – 1578), *alias* "Thomas Cobham", MP, married and had issue.
* John Brooke (22 April 1535 – 1594), *alias* "John Cobham", who before 1561 married Lady Alice Norton (*alias* Cobbe), widow of Sir John Norton of Northwood, Milton, Kent, without issue.
* Sir Henry Brooke (5 February 1537 or 1538 – c. 1591 or January 1592), who married Anne Sutton (d. circa January 1611 or 1612), a daughter of Sir Henry Sutton of Nottinghamshire, by whom he had issue:

### Daughters

## Death and burial

He died on 29 September 1558, closely followed by his wife, Anne Bray, and was buried in the chancel of St Mary Magdalene's Church, Cobham. His inquisition post mortem was held on 20 January 1559 and his will, dated 13 January 1557/1558, was proved on 6 December 1560. He was succeeded by his eldest son, William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham.

## InfoBox

| George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham | |
| --- | --- |
| Baron Cobham | |
| George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham, portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger | |
| Born | c. 1497 |
| Died | 29 September 1558 (around age 61) |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Braye |
| Issue
*others...* | William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham
Sir Henry Brooke
Elisabeth Brooke, Marchioness of Northampton |
| Father | Thomas Brooke, 8th Baron Cobham |
| Mother | Dorothy Heydon |


title: Trioctylphosphine

abstract: Trioctylphosphine is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C8H17)3 sometimes abbreviated TOP. It is usually encountered as a syrup. The compound is colorless.

text:
# Trioctylphosphine

**Trioctylphosphine** is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C8H17)3 sometimes abbreviated TOP. It is usually encountered as a syrup. The compound is colorless.

## Reactions

Trioctylphosphine reacts with oxygen to form trioctylphosphine oxide. For this reason it is usually handled with air-free techniques.

TOP reacts with elemental selenium to give trioctylphosphine selenide (TOPSe), which is a reagent for the preparation of cadmium selenide and related semiconductors.

## InfoBox

Trioctylphosphine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Tri(octyl)phosphane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| Beilstein Reference | 1776995 |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.022.940 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C24H51P/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25(23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2)24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3/h4-24H2,1-3H3 | |
| SMILES * CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C24H51P |
| Molar mass | 370.635498 |
| Density | 0.831 g/mL |
| Boiling point | 284 to 291 °C (543 to 556 °F; 557 to 564 K) at 50 mmHg |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Triodanis leptocarpa

abstract: Triodanis leptocarpa, commonly called slimpod Venus' looking-glass, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae). It is native to the United States, where it is found primarily in the Great Plains and Midwest. Its natural habitat is in dry upland prairies and open rock outcrops. It is tolerant of disturbance and can be found in pastures and roadsides. Triodanis leptocarpa is an herbaceous annual. It can be distinguished from other members of the genus Triodanis by its long, narrow leaves and fruits with a single locule. In addition, the fruits from cleistogamous flowers twist and arch away from the stem. It blooms from May to August.

text:
# Triodanis leptocarpa

***Triodanis leptocarpa***, commonly called **slimpod Venus' looking-glass**, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae). It is native to the United States, where it is found primarily in the Great Plains and Midwest. Its natural habitat is in dry upland prairies and open rock outcrops. It is tolerant of disturbance and can be found in pastures and roadsides.

*Triodanis leptocarpa* is an herbaceous annual. It can be distinguished from other members of the genus *Triodanis* by its long, narrow leaves and fruits with a single locule. In addition, the fruits from cleistogamous flowers twist and arch away from the stem. It blooms from May to August.

## InfoBox

| *Triodanis leptocarpa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Campanulaceae |
| Genus: | *Triodanis* |
| Species: | ***T. leptocarpa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triodanis leptocarpa***
(Nutt.) Nieuwl. | |
|


title: Middle Ground (New Rochelle)

abstract: Middle Ground is a large submerged reef in Long Island Sound and part of the city of New Rochelle, Westchester County, New York. This underwater embankment formed from the natural accumulation of rock and sand in shallow coastal waters. Rock outcrops just below the surface at the center of Middle Ground become exposed during low tide. Stripers and Bluefish are attracted to the shoal throughout the warmer season.

text:
# Middle Ground (New Rochelle)

**Middle Ground** (40°53′43″N 73°45′32″W / 40.89538°N 73.75902°W / 40.89538; -73.75902) is a large submerged reef in Long Island Sound and part of the city of New Rochelle, Westchester County, New York. This underwater embankment formed from the natural accumulation of rock and sand in shallow coastal waters. Rock outcrops just below the surface at the center of Middle Ground become exposed during low tide. Stripers and Bluefish are attracted to the shoal throughout the warmer season.

* This article incorporates public domain material from "Middle Ground (New Rochelle)". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Geographical (magazine)

abstract: Geographical is the magazine of the Royal Geographical Society, a key associate and supporter of many famous expeditions, including those of Charles Darwin, Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton. The publishers pay a licence fee to the Society, which is used to fund the advancement of exploration and research and the promotion of geographical knowledge. The magazine is published monthly, and is sold in retail outlets and on subscription in both print and digital. It contains illustrated articles on people, places, adventure, travel, and environmental issues, as well as summarising the latest academic research and discoveries in geography. Geographical also reports news of the Society's latest work and activities to members and the public.

text:
# Geographical (magazine)

***Geographical*** (formerly ***The Geographical Magazine***) is the magazine of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), a key associate and supporter of many famous expeditions, including those of Charles Darwin, Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton. The publishers pay a licence fee to the Society, which is used to fund the advancement of exploration and research and the promotion of geographical knowledge.

The magazine is published monthly, and is sold in retail outlets and on subscription in both print and digital. It contains illustrated articles on people, places, adventure, travel, and environmental issues, as well as summarising the latest academic research and discoveries in geography. *Geographical* also reports news of the Society's latest work and activities to members and the public.

## History

*The Geographical Magazine* was founded by English diplomat Michael Huxley in May 1935. Huxley’s editorial policy was centred on presenting “an understanding of the world that no other periodicals can give”. The original print release of the magazine in 1935 sold out, and a total of 50,000 copies of the first issue were printed. During the first few months of publication the magazine brought its readers stories from Mexico, Tahiti and Ankara, examining different regions in a way that offered both analysis and the traveller’s impression. “There is nothing about this magazine that is not first-rate,” read the issue's review in *The Spectator*, “and if the standard of the first number can be maintained, it should establish itself both as the most interesting English monthly magazine being published and as an educational factor of considerable importance”. It also noted that *The Geographical Magazine* contained “illustrations of the kind that can provoke only an astonished rhapsody”.

*The Geographical Magazine* continued to publish throughout the Second World War, under the editorship of Ivy Davison, despite facing shortages of paper and government censorship. The post-war period saw it expand to accommodate the interpretation of geography as done by geographers into the original founder’s editorial policy. Publishing of the magazine was taken over by The Times in 1956, and then by Odhams in 1965. Eventually the magazine became part of the International Publishing Corporation, and in 1968 the magazine underwent a substantial re-design. In 1981 the publisher changed hands again, with United Newspapers taking control of the magazine, and then by Hyde Park Publications in 1988, when the title was changed from *The Geographical Magazine* to simply *Geographical*.

## Staff and Contributors

The current editor is Katie Burton. Publishing of the magazine was taken over in 2005 by *Syon Publishing* which was set up by Graeme Gourlay in 1995.

Notable recent writers have included Nicholas Crane, Christopher Ondaatje, Nick Danziger, Nick Middleton and Vitali Vitaliev, while the magazine has also interviewed numerous significant figures from the world of geography and travel, such as David Attenborough, Jane Goodall, Edmund Hillary, Paul Theroux and Michael Palin.

## Reception

Robin Hanbury-Tenison said “I have watched *Geographical* through many incarnations over the years. It goes from strength to strength and has never been in better heart.”

Sir Ranulph Fiennes praised the magazine, stating “This magazine is a valuable resource as well as an enjoyable read. I really like the balance of interest, serious articles and brilliant photography.”

## Spin-offs

In the summer of 2016, *Geographical* launched a quarterly spin off publication on travel entitled *Geographical Expeditions*., a “magazine for travellers” and “provide\[s\] context and reference to make your adventures more enjoyable”.

## InfoBox

*Geographical*
| Cover of the September 2016 issue of Geographical Magazine | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Katie Burton |
| Categories | Geography, Science, Nature |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Founder | Michael Huxley |
| Founded | 1935 |
| Company | Syon Publishing |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Based in | London |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.geographical.co.uk |
| ISSN | 0016-741X |


title: George Herbert Kinsolving

abstract: George Herbert Kinsolving was an American religious leader who was the second bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Texas, serving from 1893 to 1928.

text:
# George Herbert Kinsolving

**George Herbert Kinsolving** (April 28, 1849 – October 23, 1928) was an American religious leader who was the second bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Texas, serving from 1893 to 1928.

## Early life and family

Kinsolving was born on April 28, 1849, in Bedford County, Virginia. He came from a family of clergymen. His father, the Reverend Otis Americus Kinsolving (1822–1894), minister at Emmanuel Episcopal Church in Middleburg, Virginia became an avid Confederate, especially supporting Mosby's Rangers although G.H. Kinsolving's brother joined the Richmond Howitzers light artillery. The family of his father's second wife likewise supported the Confederacy (her father Asa Rogers became a local militia general), and after her death from complications of childbirth, Rev. Otis Kinsolving was imprisoned for treason by occupying Union forces. The child whose birth led to that death, Lucien Lee Kinsolving (1862–1929), later became the first missionary bishop of Brazil, and G.H. Kinsolving preached the sermon at the consecration ceremony attended by twelve bishops. His other half-brother by his father's second wife, Rev. Arthur Barksdale Kinsolving (1861–1961), also became known as an author and historian in Maryland. His half-brother by his father's third wife, Rev. Wythe Leigh Kinsolving, served Episcopal churches in the South and New York City. Whereas his father's family were prominent Episcopalians, his mother's family, the Krauths, were devout Lutherans.

## Education and Ordained Ministry

Kinsolving was a student at the University of Virginia between 1868 and 1870, after which he taught a year in a boys' school near Baltimore. He later studied at the Virginia Theological Seminary from where he graduated in 1874. In 1892 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Sacred Theology by Griswold College in Davenport, Iowa, and a Doctor of Divinity in 1893 by the University of the South.

He was the ordained deacon on June 26, 1874, by Bishop John Johns of Virginia and then priest in 1875 by Bishop William Rollinson Whittingham of Maryland. He initially served as assistant at Christ Church in Baltimore between 1874 and 1875, and then rector of St Mark's Church, Baltimore from 1875 until 1878. In 1878, he became rector of St John's Church in Cincinnati, while in 1881 he transferred to the Church of the Epiphany in Philadelphia where he remain until 1892. He married Grace Jaggar on October 8, 1879, and they had one child.

## Episcopacy

On May 19, 1892, Kinsolving was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Texas, and was consecrated on October 12, 1892, at the Church of the Epiphany by Bishop Richard Hooker Wilmer of Alabama. He succeeded as diocesan bishop on July 11, 1893, and remained in office until his death in 1928. While bishop in Texas, he oversaw the establishment of All Saints' Episcopal Church by the campus of the University of Texas at Austin; his crypt is beneath the church's altar.

Sources * Arthur Barksdale Kinsolving, *Texas George: The Life of George Herbert Kinsolving* (Milwaukee: Morehouse, 1932).

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
George Herbert Kinsolving | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Texas | |
|  | |
| Church | Episcopal Church |
| Diocese | Texas |
| Elected | May 19, 1892 |
| In office | 1893–1928 |
| Predecessor | Alexander Gregg |
| Successor | Clinton S. Quin |
| Previous post(s) | Coadjutor Bishop of Texas *(1892–1893)* |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1875
by William Rollinson Whittingham |
| Consecration | October 12, 1892
by Richard Hooker Wilmer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1849-04-28)April 28, 1849
Bedford County, Virginia, United States |
| Died | October 23, 1928(1928-10-23) (aged 79)
Austin, Texas, United States |
| Buried | All Saints Church, Austin, Texas |
| Nationality | American |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Parents | Ovid Americus Kinsolving & Julia Heiskell Krauth |
| Spouse | Grace Jaggar  (m. 1879; died 1925) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Tru (play)

abstract: Tru is a 1989 play by Jay Presson Allen, adapted from the words and works of Truman Capote.

text:
# Tru (play)

***Tru*** is a 1989 play by Jay Presson Allen, adapted from the words and works of Truman Capote.

## Background

Adapted from the words and works of Truman Capote, *Tru* is set in the writer's New York City apartment at 870 United Nations Plaza the week before Christmas 1975. An excerpt from Capote's infamous unfinished roman à clef, *Answered Prayers*, recently has been published in *Esquire*. Having recognized thinly veiled versions of themselves, Manhattan socialites such as Babe Paley and Slim Keith turn their backs on the man they once considered a close confidant. Alone and lonely, Capote — soothing himself with pills, vodka, cocaine, and chocolate truffles — muses about his checkered life and career in what is essentially a two-act monodrama.

## Production

After 11 previews, the Broadway production of *Tru*, directed by Allen, opened on December 14, 1989 at the Booth Theatre, where it ran for 297 performances. Robert Morse starred as Truman Capote. Before Morse was cast as Capote, Tim Curry was offered and declined the role, and Paul Williams dropped out shortly before production began.

In his review in *The New York Times*, Frank Rich said, "Intentionally or not, *Tru* is a creep show: a hybrid of necrophilia and tame fan-magazine journalism that doesn't so much rekindle fascination with a troubled writer as reawaken the willies prompted by those disoriented talk-show appearances … that were the desperate final act of his career.

"In place of a life portrait with depth, *Tru* settles for its wind-up Mme. Tussaud's caricature of the wrecked 1975 model Capote. This Tru is sporadically funny — if one shares Mrs. Allen's taste for the campiest of anecdotes and one-liners — and rarely boring. But since the soul of the younger Capote doesn't shine through as Mr. Morse's youthful spirit does, the potentially touching drama of decay is lost. The complex, possibly tragic figure of a wasted artist is replaced by a maudlin, some might say antediluvian, stereotype of *Boys in the Band* vintage."

In 1992, Morse recreated his performance for the PBS series *American Playhouse*.

Morse also directed a production of the play in Toronto in 1996, starring Canadian actor Louis Negin.

## Accolades

Robert Morse won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show.

For his performance in the 1992 *American Playhouse* presentation of *Tru*, Morse won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.

## InfoBox

| Tru | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Jay Presson Allen |
| Characters | Truman Capote |
| Date premiered | December 14, 1989 |
| Place premiered | Booth Theatre |
| Original language | English |
| Setting | New York City<br>December 1975 |


title: George Franck

abstract: George Henning "Sonny" Franck was an American football halfback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants.

text:
# George Franck

**George Henning "Sonny" Franck** (September 23, 1918 – January 19, 2011) was an American football halfback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants.

## Early years

Franck was born in Davenport, Iowa. After his playing years and early teaching and coaching career he returned to nearby Rock Island, Illinois.

Franck played college football at the University of Minnesota from 1938 to 1940, where he was a key player in the dominant national championship team of 1940. While in college Franck was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity. He was drafted in the first round (sixth overall) in the 1941 NFL draft. Franck was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2002.

## War service

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Franck joined the U.S. Marines Corps and served as a pilot. He was also a spotter during the Battle of Iwo Jima. There he saw Notre Dame football star Jack Chevigny take cover in a crater shortly before Chevigny was killed in action. Franck later served aboard the USS *Hornet* (CV-12).

## Post-war

After the war, he continued to play with the Giants from 1945 to 1947. He eventually became a high school teacher and coach in Oklahoma City and then Rock Island High School in Illinois. He was a member of Broadway Presbyterian Church and enjoyed bowling. He was survived by Helen, his wife of 57 years. He bought and lived in the Shields House in Highland Park Historic District in Rock Island, IL., which is now owned by Filipino-American author, Jason Tanamor.

## InfoBox

George Franck
| Franck, c.1942 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1918-09-23)September 23, 1918 |
| Place of birth | Davenport, Iowa, U.S. |
| Date of death | January 19, 2011(2011-01-19) (aged 92) |
| Place of death | Rock Island, Illinois, U.S. |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Halfback |
| US college | Minnesota |
| NFL draft | 1941 / round: 1 / pick: 6 |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1941–1947 | New York Giants |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Trzonów

abstract: Trzonów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Książ Wielki, within Miechów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Książ Wielki, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Miechów, and 47 km (29 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Trzonów

**Trzonów** \[ˈtʂɔnuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Książ Wielki, within Miechów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Książ Wielki, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Miechów, and 47 km (29 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Trzonów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Trzonów | |
| Coordinates: 50°25′45″N 20°14′53″E / 50.42917°N 20.24806°E / 50.42917; 20.24806 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Miechów |
| Gmina | Książ Wielki |
| Population | 250 |


abstract: Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) is a space-based spectrometer designed to measure air pollution across greater North America at a high resolution and on an hourly basis. The ultraviolet–visible spectrometer will provide hourly data on ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere. TEMPO is a hosted payload on a commercial geostationary communication satellite with a constant view of North America. TEMPO's spectrometer measures reflected sunlight from the Earth's atmosphere and separates it into 2,000 component wavelengths. It will scan North America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Alberta oil sands to Mexico City. TEMPO will form part of a geostationary constellation of pollution-monitoring assets, along with the planned Sentinel-4 from ESA and Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) from South Korea's KARI. On 3 February 2020, Intelsat announced that the Intelsat 40e satellite will host TEMPO. Maxar Technologies, the builder of the satellite, is responsible for payload integration. The launch occurred on 7 April 2023.

text:
# Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution

**Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution** (**TEMPO**) is a space-based spectrometer designed to measure air pollution across greater North America at a high resolution and on an hourly basis. The ultraviolet–visible spectrometer will provide hourly data on ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere.

TEMPO is a hosted payload on a commercial geostationary communication satellite with a constant view of North America. TEMPO's spectrometer measures reflected sunlight from the Earth's atmosphere and separates it into 2,000 component wavelengths. It will scan North America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Alberta oil sands to Mexico City. TEMPO will form part of a geostationary constellation of pollution-monitoring assets, along with the planned Sentinel-4 from ESA and Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) from South Korea's KARI.

On 3 February 2020, Intelsat announced that the Intelsat 40e satellite will host TEMPO. Maxar Technologies, the builder of the satellite, is responsible for payload integration. The launch occurred on 7 April 2023.

## Earth Venture-Instrument program

TEMPO, which is a collaboration between NASA and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, is NASA's first Earth Venture-Instrument (EVI) mission. The EVI program is an element within the Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program office, which is under NASA's Science Mission Directorate Earth Science Division (SMD/ESD). EVI's are a series of innovative "science-driven, competitively selected, low cost missions". The series of "Venture Class" missions were recommended in the 2007 publication *Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond*. "\[I\]nnovative research and application missions that might address any area of Earth science" are selected through frequent "openly-competed solicitations".

Earth Venture missions are "small-sized competitively selected orbital missions and instrument missions of opportunity" and include NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), ICESat-2, SAGE III on ISS, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On (GRACE-FO), Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), and the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar (GEDI).

## InfoBox

Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution
| TEMPO attached to a communications satellite. | |
| --- | --- |
| Operator | NASA |
| Manufacturer | Ball Aerospace |
| Instrument type | UV/Vis spectrometer |
| Function | Atmospheric chemistry and pollution monitoring |
| Began operations | 2023 (planned) |
| Website | tempo.si.edu |
| Properties | |
| Resolution | 0.6 nm |
| Spectral band | 290–740 nm (UV, Vis) |
| Host spacecraft | |
| Spacecraft | Intelsat 40e |
| Operator | Intelsat |
| Launch date | 7 April 2023, 4:30:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Falcon 9 Block 5 B1076.4 |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral, SLC-40 |
| Orbit | Geostationary, 91° W |


title: Tropospheric ozone depletion events

text:
# Tropospheric ozone depletion events

Tropospheric ozone depletion events are phenomena that reduce the concentration of ozone in the earth's troposphere. Ozone (O3) is a trace gas which has been of concern because of its unique dual role in different layers of the lower atmosphere. Apart from absorbing UV-B radiation and converting solar energy into heat in the stratosphere, ozone in the troposphere provides greenhouse effect and controls the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere.

## Sources of tropospheric ozone

Ozone in the troposhere is determined by photochemical production and destruction, dry deposition and cross-tropopause transport of ozone from the stratosphere. In the Arctic troposphere, transport and photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a result of human emissions also produce ozone resulting in a background mixing ratio of 30 to 50 nmol mol−1 (ppb). Nitrogen oxides play a key role in recycling active free radicals (such as reactive halogens) in the atmosphere and indirectly affect ozone depletion. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) are phenomena associated with the sea ice zone. They are routinely observed at coastal locations when incoming winds have traversed sea ice covered areas.

## Halogen activation

During springtime in the polar regions of Earth, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that episodically deplete ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer to near zero levels. These processes are favored by light and low temperature conditions. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on these ozone depletion events has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry. The exact sources and mechanisms that release bromine are still not fully understood, but the combination of concentrated sea salt in a condensed phase substrate appears to be a pre-requisite. Shallow boundary layers are also likely to be beneficial since they enhance the speed of autocatalytic bromine release by confining the released bromine to a smaller space. Under these conditions, and with sufficient acidity, gaseous hypobromous acid (HOBr**)** can react with condensed sea salt bromide and produce bromine that is then released to the atmosphere. Subsequent photolysis of this bromine generates bromine radicals that can react with and destroy ozone. Due to the autocatalytic nature of the reaction mechanism, it has been called bromine explosion.

## Chemical destruction

It is still not fully understood how salts are transported from the ocean and oxidized to become reactive halogen species in the air. Other halogens (chlorine and iodine) are also activated through mechanisms coupled to bromine chemistry. The main consequence of halogen activation is chemical destruction of ozone, which removes the primary precursor of atmospheric oxidation, and generation of reactive halogen atoms/oxides that become the primary oxidizing species. The oxidation ability originally influenced by ozone is weakened, while the halogen species now holds the oxidation ability. This changes the reaction cycles and final products of many atmospheric reactions. During ozone depletion events, the enhanced halogen chemistry can effectively oxidize reactive gaseous elements.

## Effects

The different reactivity of halogens as compared to OH and ozone has broad impacts on atmospheric chemistry. These include near complete removal and deposition of mercury, alteration of oxidation fates for organic gases, and export of bromine into the free troposphere. The deposition of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) in snow from oxidation by enhanced halogens increases the bioavailability of mercury. Recent changes in the climate of the Arctic and state of the Arctic sea ice cover are likely to have strong effects on halogen activation and ozone depletion events. Human-induced climate change affects the quantity of snow and ice cover in the Arctic, altering the intensity of nitrogen oxide emissions. Increment in background levels of nitrogen oxide apparently strengthens the consumption of ozone and the enhancement of halogens.