title: Finite group

abstract: In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite. Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations. Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups. The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century. One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups was completed in 2004.

text:
# Finite group

In abstract algebra, a **finite group** is a group whose underlying set is finite. Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations. Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century. One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.

## History

During the twentieth century, mathematicians investigated some aspects of the theory of finite groups in great depth, especially the local theory of finite groups and the theory of solvable and nilpotent groups. As a consequence, the complete classification of finite simple groups was achieved, meaning that all those simple groups from which all finite groups can be built are now known.

During the second half of the twentieth century, mathematicians such as Chevalley and Steinberg also increased our understanding of finite analogs of classical groups, and other related groups. One such family of groups is the family of general linear groups over finite fields.

Finite groups often occur when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations. The theory of Lie groups, which may be viewed as dealing with "continuous symmetry", is strongly influenced by the associated Weyl groups. These are finite groups generated by reflections which act on a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The properties of finite groups can thus play a role in subjects such as theoretical physics and chemistry.

## Examples

### Permutation groups

The **symmetric group** S*n* on a finite set of *n* symbols is the group whose elements are all the permutations of the *n* symbols, and whose group operation is the composition of such permutations, which are treated as bijective functions from the set of symbols to itself. Since there are *n*! (*n* factorial) possible permutations of a set of *n* symbols, it follows that the order (the number of elements) of the symmetric group S*n* is *n*!.

### Cyclic groups

A cyclic group Z*n* is a group all of whose elements are powers of a particular element *a* where *a**n* = *a*0 = e, the identity. A typical realization of this group is as the complex *n*th roots of unity. Sending *a* to a primitive root of unity gives an isomorphism between the two. This can be done with any finite cyclic group.

### Finite abelian groups

An **abelian group**, also called a **commutative group**, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on their order (the axiom of commutativity). They are named after Niels Henrik Abel.

An arbitrary finite abelian group is isomorphic to a direct sum of finite cyclic groups of prime power order, and these orders are uniquely determined, forming a complete system of invariants. The automorphism group of a finite abelian group can be described directly in terms of these invariants. The theory had been first developed in the 1879 paper of Georg Frobenius and Ludwig Stickelberger and later was both simplified and generalized to finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain, forming an important chapter of linear algebra.

### Groups of Lie type

A **group of Lie type** is a group closely related to the group *G*(*k*) of rational points of a reductive linear algebraic group *G* with values in the field *k*. Finite groups of Lie type give the bulk of nonabelian finite simple groups. Special cases include the classical groups, the Chevalley groups, the Steinberg groups, and the Suzuki–Ree groups.

Finite groups of Lie type were among the first groups to be considered in mathematics, after cyclic, symmetric and alternating groups, with the projective special linear groups over prime finite fields, PSL(2, *p*) being constructed by Évariste Galois in the 1830s. The systematic exploration of finite groups of Lie type started with Camille Jordan's theorem that the projective special linear group PSL(2, *q*) is simple for *q* ≠ 2, 3. This theorem generalizes to projective groups of higher dimensions and gives an important infinite family PSL(*n*, *q*) of finite simple groups. Other classical groups were studied by Leonard Dickson in the beginning of 20th century. In the 1950s Claude Chevalley realized that after an appropriate reformulation, many theorems about semisimple Lie groups admit analogues for algebraic groups over an arbitrary field *k*, leading to construction of what are now called *Chevalley groups*. Moreover, as in the case of compact simple Lie groups, the corresponding groups turned out to be almost simple as abstract groups (*Tits simplicity theorem*). Although it was known since 19th century that other finite simple groups exist (for example, Mathieu groups), gradually a belief formed that nearly all finite simple groups can be accounted for by appropriate extensions of Chevalley's construction, together with cyclic and alternating groups. Moreover, the exceptions, the sporadic groups, share many properties with the finite groups of Lie type, and in particular, can be constructed and characterized based on their *geometry* in the sense of Tits.

The belief has now become a theorem – the classification of finite simple groups. Inspection of the list of finite simple groups shows that groups of Lie type over a finite field include all the finite simple groups other than the cyclic groups, the alternating groups, the Tits group, and the 26 sporadic simple groups.

## Main theorems

### Lagrange's theorem

For any finite group *G*, the order (number of elements) of every subgroup *H* of *G* divides the order of *G*. The theorem is named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

### Sylow theorems

This provides a partial converse to Lagrange's theorem giving information about how many subgroups of a given order are contained in *G*.

### Cayley's theorem

**Cayley's theorem**, named in honour of Arthur Cayley, states that every group *G* is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group acting on *G*. This can be understood as an example of the group action of *G* on the elements of *G*.

### Burnside's theorem

**Burnside's theorem** in group theory states that if *G* is a finite group of order *p**a**q**b*, where *p* and *q* are prime numbers, and *a* and *b* are non-negative integers, then *G* is solvable. Hence each non-Abelian finite simple group has order divisible by at least three distinct primes.

### Feit–Thompson theorem

The **Feit–Thompson theorem**, or **odd order theorem**, states that every finite group of odd order is solvable. It was proved by Walter Feit and John Griggs Thompson (1962, 1963)

### Classification of finite simple groups

The classification of finite simple groups is a theorem stating that every finite simple group belongs to one of the following families:

The finite simple groups can be seen as the basic building blocks of all finite groups, in a way reminiscent of the way the prime numbers are the basic building blocks of the natural numbers. The Jordan–Hölder theorem is a more precise way of stating this fact about finite groups. However, a significant difference with respect to the case of integer factorization is that such "building blocks" do not necessarily determine uniquely a group, since there might be many non-isomorphic groups with the same composition series or, put in another way, the extension problem does not have a unique solution.

The proof of the theorem consists of tens of thousands of pages in several hundred journal articles written by about 100 authors, published mostly between 1955 and 2004. Gorenstein (d.1992), Lyons, and Solomon are gradually publishing a simplified and revised version of the proof.

## Number of groups of a given order

Given a positive integer *n*, it is not at all a routine matter to determine how many isomorphism types of groups of order *n* there are. Every group of prime order is cyclic, because Lagrange's theorem implies that the cyclic subgroup generated by any of its non-identity elements is the whole group. If *n* is the square of a prime, then there are exactly two possible isomorphism types of group of order *n*, both of which are abelian. If *n* is a higher power of a prime, then results of Graham Higman and Charles Sims give asymptotically correct estimates for the number of isomorphism types of groups of order *n*, and the number grows very rapidly as the power increases.

Depending on the prime factorization of *n*, some restrictions may be placed on the structure of groups of order *n*, as a consequence, for example, of results such as the Sylow theorems. For example, every group of order *pq* is cyclic when *q* \< *p* are primes with *p* − 1 not divisible by *q*. For a necessary and sufficient condition, see cyclic number.

If *n* is squarefree, then any group of order *n* is solvable. Burnside's theorem, proved using group characters, states that every group of order *n* is solvable when *n* is divisible by fewer than three distinct primes, i.e. if *n* = *p**a**q**b*, where *p* and *q* are prime numbers, and *a* and *b* are non-negative integers. By the Feit–Thompson theorem, which has a long and complicated proof, every group of order *n* is solvable when *n* is odd.

For every positive integer *n*, most groups of order *n* are solvable. To see this for any particular order is usually not difficult (for example, there is, up to isomorphism, one non-solvable group and 12 solvable groups of order 60) but the proof of this for all orders uses the classification of finite simple groups. For any positive integer *n* there are at most two simple groups of order *n*, and there are infinitely many positive integers *n* for which there are two non-isomorphic simple groups of order *n*.

### Table of distinct groups of order *n*

| Order *n* | \# Groups | Abelian | Non-Abelian |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 12 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 14 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 16 | 14 | 5 | 9 |
| 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 18 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 20 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| 21 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 22 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 23 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 24 | 15 | 3 | 12 |
| 25 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 26 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 27 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| 28 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| 29 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 30 | 4 | 1 | 3 |

## Further reading


title: The Polyester Prince

abstract: The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani is an unauthorised biography of the Indian business tycoon and founder of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) Dhirubhai Ambani by Hamish McDonald, an Australian journalist and author. This book was published in 1998 in Australia by Allen & Unwin but never published in India. HarperCollins India, the publisher who owned the rights to the Indian edition, halted all publication attempts after RIL applied for and secured temporary injunctions on the grounds of anticipatory defamation. This injunction was made with the argument that the material of the book contained allegations, unethical and corrupt business dealings with politicians and more that would leave Ambani defenceless for the damage it would cause harm to both his and his companies' reputation. The injunction application was passed by the Delhi High Court. HarperCollins pulped the printed yet unbound pages of the book after receiving further warnings that RIL would apply for further injunctions in all of India's twenty-two high courts and deciding it was not worth the cost to defend the book's publication rights. While the book was never made available to the public due to the injunction and warnings there are pirated photocopied versions available on the streets of Mumbai and New Delhi as well as online stores that now sell for prices above its original price sold in Australia. McDonald published Ambani & Sons by Roli Books in India 12 years after The Polyester Prince with no legal issues. This sequel contained a sanitised version of the original's content as well as six new chapters pertaining to the events surrounding Ambani's sons and RIL after his passing in 2002.

text:
# The Polyester Prince

***The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani*** is an unauthorised biography of the Indian business tycoon and founder of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) Dhirubhai Ambani by Hamish McDonald, an Australian journalist and author. This book was published in 1998 in Australia by Allen & Unwin but never published in India.

HarperCollins India, the publisher who owned the rights to the Indian edition, halted all publication attempts after RIL applied for and secured temporary injunctions on the grounds of anticipatory defamation. This injunction was made with the argument that the material of the book contained allegations, unethical and corrupt business dealings with politicians and more that would leave Ambani defenceless for the damage it would cause harm to both his and his companies' reputation. The injunction application was passed by the Delhi High Court. HarperCollins pulped the printed yet unbound pages of the book after receiving further warnings that RIL would apply for further injunctions in all of India's twenty-two high courts and deciding it was not worth the cost to defend the book's publication rights. While the book was never made available to the public due to the injunction and warnings there are pirated photocopied versions available on the streets of Mumbai and New Delhi as well as online stores that now sell for prices above its original price sold in Australia.

McDonald published *Ambani & Sons* by Roli Books in India 12 years after *The Polyester Prince* with no legal issues. This sequel contained a sanitised version of the original's content as well as six new chapters pertaining to the events surrounding Ambani's sons and RIL after his passing in 2002.

## Background

### Dhirubhai Ambani and RIL

Dhirubhai Ambani (born December 28, 1932) was the child of school teachers in a small village in Junagarh, now known as Gujarat, India. Around the age of 17, Ambani travelled to Aden, Yemen, a former British colony on the Arabian Peninsula, to work at a trading firm called Antonin Besse and Company (Besse & Co.). Due to the 1947 partition of India and Pakistan, many Indian textile companies migrated to Bangladesh hindering the industry as the cotton mills were in Bombay. In 1957, Ambani founded Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) targeting the polyester industry due to the decrease in competitors after the 1947 partition and the Licence Raj. RIL since has expanded to undertake business deals and products consisting of energy, petrochemicals, natural resources and communications. Ambani passed away from a stroke in July 2002, passing the chairmanship of RIL to his sons Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani.

### Hamish McDonald's coverage of Ambani

Hamish McDonald is an Australian journalist and author of many books about Indonesia and India. He lived in India from 1990 to 1996 working as the New Delhi bureau chief of the Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER) and now works as the Asia-Pacific editor for The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper. During his work for FEER, McDonald was invited to the wedding of Anil Ambani and Tina Munim in 1991. The initial relationship between McDonald, RIL and Ambani centred on documenting the company's expansion into international markets. In 1992 McDonald decided that he wanted to write a book on Ambani and the interconnections with business and politics. Ambani and Reliance approved of the idea, with the understanding that for this project to go forward Ambani would have the final say.

The following year, rumours began to circulate that the government was rigged in favour of RIL to obtain oil exploration contracts. McDonald wrote articles about the Panna-Mukta oil fields, damaging his relationship with Ambani who described them as "defamatory" without taking any legal action at the time. As a result, Ambani and RIL distanced themselves from McDonald and cut off networking connections.

## Synopsis

*The Polyester Prince* chronicles Dhirubhai Ambani's life from childhood to founder of RIL following India's independence in 1947, and highlights how India's post-independence industry development was achieved by both fair and foul means.

The first section of the book explores the events of Ambani's young adult life that influenced his understanding of business and developed his skillset that later went on to help him found RIL. This section explores how the mixture of Ambani's working experience as a young adult at trading companies along with post-independence India's changing business landscape lead to Ambani's debut in the wealthy social circles of India and rise in his power.

The latter part of the book centers on Ambani's different business dealings, both successful and criticised as he founds and expands RIL. Throughout the book, McDonald describes the ethical costs associated with Ambani's management of the political environment using his status in wealthy social circles that included politicians, stock market speculators and more to path the way for RIL to become India's largest private-sector conglomerate.

## Release

### Composition and publication

In July 1995 McDonald quit his job working at FEER to devote full time to the development of his book. McDonald and his unfavourable relationship with Ambani was made evident in 1996 when he went to interview Ratibhai Muchhala who worked as the export manager for Ambani. However, upon reaching Muchhala's office, McDonald was met with Dinesh Sheth, Dhirubhai's personal assistant at the time who explained that Ambani would prefer this project to cease development. McDonald continued to investigate Ambani through talking to individuals such as Ambani's main competitors like Nusli Wadia, the owner of Bombay Dyeing in an attempt to understand Ambani's actions during the polyester wars. McDonald continued to connect the life events of Ambani through Ambani's colleagues, rivals and even the former Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh after realising that McDonald's book was not a hagiography of Dhirubhai Ambani. The original book received criticism on the sources behind McDonalds writing as it sourced media reports and interviewing Ambani's competitors which may have skewed the writing to negatively portray Ambani.

In 1997, before McDonald finished his final manuscript of *The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani* he was met with a letter from Kanga & Co, the lawyers of Ambani and Reliance Industries. This letter detailed that their client believes the information in the proposed publication would generate unwelcome media which would not only negatively impact their client and his families name but also potentially harm RIL. Ambani described the upcoming book to contain defamatory information due to the current unfavourable relationship between the author and Ambani after the release of McDonalds articles in 1993 on the Panna-Mukta oil fields. Finally, this letter served as a warning that if the book would attempt to be published will be met with legal actions in the form of injunctions. McDonald ignored these warnings and continued to work on his manuscript. RIL, however, continued to fight the upcoming publication of the book by sending further letters from Ashurt Australia, their lawyers based in Sydney, Australia, to Allen & Unwin, McDonald Australian publishers repeating that the information contained in the proposed publishment would induce injuries to Ambani and RIL that they could not defend. Patrick Gallagher, the founder and chairman of Allen & Unwin proceeded with the publication of *The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani*, beginning the initial print of 3,000 copies in 1997 and finally publishing the book in early 1998 in Australia. HarperCollins India, the Indian editors of the book and the holder of the Indian rights had finished editing the manuscript and had printing pages that were yet to be bound into a book was met with legal trouble from RIL which halted its publication in India.

RIL and Ambani applied for a legal injunction from the Ahmedabad and Delhi High Courts towards the publishment of the book in India on the anticipatory grounds that the publication contained defamatory material towards both RIL and Dhirubhai Ambani. The Delhi High Court passed a verdict in favour with RIL and Ambani's, allowing them to procure a temporary injunction against publication. This temporary injunction restricted the publishment of the book for a while however upon the approval of the temporary injunction HarperCollins removed printed pages of the book and halted all publication attempts. Allen & Unwin would not stop the publishment of the book in Australia however would not attempt to publish the book within Indian jurisdictions.

Upon a meeting with Renuka Chatterjee, who was heading HarperCollins India at the time told McDonald that they received further legal threats along with pre-publication injunction notices on the grounds of anticipated defamation that threatened that RIL would apply for these injunctions in all twenty-two Indian high courts. Saying that

> ''As of now the book is not happening. The matter is sub judice. The Ambanis’ have secured an injunction in the Delhi High Court against the publication."

HarperCollins India was not prepared to defend the book as the publishment case could continue over several years and become costly. As a result, they withdrew the book and halted its publication which resulted in the book never being released to Indian markets.

### Pirated versions found In India

Due to the injunctions on the Indian version of the book it was never made available on public markets for purchase however the injunction has seemed to increase its value. In recent years pirated photocopied versions have appeared on Mumbai and Delhi's streets for prices ranging from Rs 50 to Rs 1,600 (approximately US$0.69 to US$22). Moreover, the available copies on internet sites such as Amazon were selling for up to US$500 due to the unauthorised content it contained. *Ambani & Sons*, the sequel to the book was published in 2010 and contained similar content to its predecessor however had certain allegations, scandals and more that were found in the original removed.

## Sequel

*Ambani & Sons* was published by Roli Books in India in 2010 and published by NewSouth Publishing as *Mahabharata in Polyester: The Making of the World’s Richest Brothers and Their Feud* in Australia. This book was widely considered to be the sequel to *The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani* as it includes the original 17 chapters with an additional six chapters pertaining to the events following Dhirubhai Ambani's passing in 2002, Ambani's sons, Mukesh and Anil Ambani.

*Ambani & Sons* consists of 23 chapters split into two sections. The first 17 chapters chronicle the rise of Dhirubhai Ambani from childhood to a business tycoon with large commercial success. The first section of the book explores how the stock markets were manipulated, competitors harassed and other unethical business partners and corruption that occurred and resulted in RIL obtaining a large market share in the Indian marketplace. The new six chapters follow Anil and Mukesh Ambanis’ feud over the Reliance group.

There are a few differences between the Indian and Australian publications of the sequel due to Pramod Kapur, the founder and publisher of Roli Books, asking McDonald to remove some controversial passages that were found in *The Polyester Prince* such as the attempted murder allegation of Nusli Wadia. Such controversial passages still appear in the Australian publication of the book. As a result of the sanitation of *Ambani & Sons* along with fight between Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani that has gained large attention from the media, this book was not met with the same legal threats as *The Polyester Prince*.

## InfoBox

*The Polyester Prince*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Hamish McDonald |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Non-Fiction;Biography |
| Published | 1998 (Allen & Unwin) |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 297 pp |
| ISBN | 1-86448-468-3 <br>978-1864484687 |
| Followed by | *Ambani and Sons* |


title: The Polyester Embassy

abstract: The Polyester Embassy is the only album by Australian band Madison Avenue, released in Australia on 2 October 2000 by Vicious Grooves.

text:
# The Polyester Embassy

***The Polyester Embassy*** is the only album by Australian band Madison Avenue, released in Australia on 2 October 2000 by Vicious Grooves.

## Background

Before joining Madison Avenue, Cheyne Coates was working as a choreographer and singer in Melbourne. Coates met producer and writer Andy Van Dorsselaer (aka Andy Van) in a dance club. Van was the founder of the Vicious Vinyl record label and had remix credits for Tina Arena and CDB. Van Dorsselaer had won an ARIA Award for his production work on "Coma" by Pendulum.

The duo started working together mainly as writers and producers in 1998. Madison Avenue recorded their first song, "Fly", featuring Kellie Wolfgram as the vocalist. However, Coates sang on the group's breakthrough single "Don't Call Me Baby", as Van Dorsselaer preferred her version, even though the song was initially used as the guide track for Wolfgram.

The duo continued to work on their debut album through 2000, which was eventually released on 2 October 2000, eleven months after "Don't Call Me Baby". Coates spoke out about her time in the band and the process of making *The Polyester Embassy*, as well as their unreleased second album, after the band's split in 2003, saying that the duo was poorly organised and late in delivering material, blaming it on them being quickly thrust into the spotlight after the success of "Don't Call Me Baby".

> "I think the problem was that no one was in control, it was just a mess. We were always on the back foot, we were always late in delivering everything. When it's your first time around, you don't have a clue. But it was a good learning curve. We didn't even have a manager in the beginning so we were dealing with record companies ourselves, which is a bad idea."

## Singles

* "Don't Call Me Baby" was released on 18 October 1999. It quickly rose to number 2 in the Australian charts, where it remained for six non-consecutive weeks, held off the top spot by "Blue (Da Ba Dee)" by Eiffel 65. It was eventually certified 3× Platinum. The song was also a success internationally, in the UK it debuted at number 1 and was certified Silver, and was performed on Top of the Pops. In the US, the song reached number 88 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and number 1 on the *Billboard* Dance Club Songs chart.
* "Who the Hell Are You" was released on 5 June 2000 as the second single. It debuted atop the singles chart in Australia, where it stayed for two consecutive weeks, and was certified Platinum. Internationally, the song failed to match the success of "Don't Call Me Baby"; in the UK the song debuted and peaked at number 10 and remained in the top 40 for 3 weeks, and in the US the song reached number 1 on the *Billboard* Hot Dance Club Songs, but failed to appear on the Hot 100.
* "Everything You Need" was released as the third single on 18 September 2000. It peaked at number 6 in Australia where it was certified Gold. In the UK, the song peaked at number 33.

A fourth single was released by the band, a cover of "Reminiscing", originally by Little River Band. The song was included only on the Japanese edition of the album, therefore elsewhere it was a single-only release. In Australia, the song was released on 5 March 2001 and continued the band's top 10 streak, peaking at number 9 and achieving Gold certification.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

Tim Sheridan from AllMusic gave the album an average review, saying "While it offers some decent dance grooves, this slick production does little more than rehash disco clichés without the sense of fun applied by bands like Deee-lite. Perhaps if the duo of Cheyne Coates and Andy Van didn't take itself so seriously, the project might not seem quite so empty." He highlighted "Who the Hell Are You" as an album pick.

## Commercial performance

*The Polyester Embassy* was a success in the band's native Australia, peaking at number 4 and was certified Platinum. However, the album failed to match its success internationally, peaking at number 74 on the UK Albums Chart, and number 63 on the Japanese Albums Chart.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Andrew Van Dorsselaer and Cheyne Coates, except for "Reminiscing" written by Graeham Goble

Standard edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "This Is Your Introduction" | 2:18 |
| 2. | "Who the Hell Are You" (Original Mix – Edit) | 3:35 |
| 3. | "Don't Call Me Baby" (Original Mix – Edit) | 3:47 |
| 4. | "Do You Like What You See" (Album Mix) | 3:47 |
| 5. | "Edible French Chic" | 1:51 |
| 6. | "Everything You Need" (Original Mix – Edit) | 3:42 |
| 7. | "She" | 1:38 |
| 8. | "It's Alright" (Album Mix) | 5:12 |
| 9. | "It's Very Alright" | 1:43 |
| 10. | "What Can I Do" (Album Mix) | 6:12 |
| 11. | "Fly" (Album Mix) | 5:08 |
| 12. | "'78" (Album Mix) | 4:39 |
| 13. | "Don't Call Me Baby" (The Dronez Old School Mix) | 5:52 |
| 14. | "Everything You Need" (Mobin Master 12" Remix) | 7:07 |
| 15. | "Who the Hell Are You" (John Course & Andy Van Remix) | 7:22 |
| Total length: | | 63:53 |

Japanese edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "Reminiscing" (Original Mix – Edit) | 3:23 |
| 17. | "Reminiscing" (Da Classic Remix – Edit) | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | 70:47 |

**Notes**

* The North American edition of the album omits "What Can I Do" and the original mix of "Everything You Need", while the Mobin Master 12" Remix of the latter is moved up to track 6 in place of the original.

## Charts

Chart performance for *The Polyester Embassy*
| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 4 |
| Australian Dance Albums (ARIA) | 2 |
| Japanese Albums Chart | 63 |
| UK Albums Chart | 74 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| The Polyester Embassy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Madison Avenue | |
| Released | 2 October 2000 (2000-10-02) |
| Genre | House |
| Length | 63:53 |
| Label | * Vicious Grooves * C2Records |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Polyester Embassy* | |
| 1. "Don't Call Me Baby"
Released: 18 October 1999 2. "Who the Hell Are You"
Released: 5 June 2000 3. "Everything You Need"
Released: 18 September 2000 4. "Reminiscing"
Released: 5 March 2001 | |
|  | |


title: Marind language

abstract: Marind is a Papuan language spoken in Malind District, Merauke Regency, Indonesia by over ten thousand people. Dialects are Southeast Marind, Gawir, Holifoersch, and Tugeri. Bian Marind, also known as Boven-Mbian, is divergent enough to not be mutually intelligible, and has been assigned a separate ISO code. Marind separates the Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages, which would otherwise occupy a nearly continuous stretch of southern New Guinea.

text:
# Marind language

**Marind** is a Papuan language spoken in Malind District, Merauke Regency, Indonesia by over ten thousand people. Dialects are Southeast Marind, Gawir, Holifoersch, and Tugeri. Bian Marind (Northwest Marind), also known as Boven-Mbian, is divergent enough to not be mutually intelligible, and has been assigned a separate ISO code.

Marind separates the Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages, which would otherwise occupy a nearly continuous stretch of southern New Guinea.

## Phonology

### Consonants

|  | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nasal | |  |  |  |  |  |
| Plosive | voiceless |  |  |  |  |  |
| | voiced |  |  |  |  |  |
| | prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd |  | ᵑɡ |  |
| Fricative | |  |  |  |  |  |
| Approximant | voiced |  |  |  |  |  |
| | preaspirated | ʰw |  | ʰj |  |  |

* Pre-aspirated glides /ʰw, ʰj/ are also heard as voiceless glides \[w̥, j̊\].

### Vowels

|  | Front | Central | Back |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| High |  |  |  |
| Mid |  | () |  |
| Low |  |  |  |

* There is also a marginal vowel sound /ɐ/.

## Grammar

Coastal Marind nouns are morphologically quite simple, lacking markers of case or number. There are four noun classes, class I for male humans, class II for female humans and animals, and classes III and IV for inanimates. There is widespread syncretism in exponents of noun class marking between class IV and plurals of classes I and II, which could lead to an analysis of gender IV as a class of pluralia tantum. Words describing properties, akin to adjectives, modify nouns in a compound construction rather than forming an adjectival phrase. Compounds can also be used to modify nouns with other nouns, or desentential verb stems. The standard first person pronouns and indexing markers do not distinguish singular from plural; on verbs, a role neutral first person plural marker is used in addition to the standard indexing morphemes if a plural first person is an argument, no matter its semantic or grammatical role. Where this marker cannot be used to disambiguate, the associative plural marker may follow the first person pronoun to force a plural interpretation. Coastal Marind uses demonstratives as third person pronouns.

Coastal Marind has very complex verb morphology, with actors, as well as dative and genitive arguments being indexed in a prefixal complex that precedes the lexical verb stem. The prefixal complex and verb stem share only one stress, on the final syllable of the prefixal complex, though they are separate phonological words, as sound changes which take place word internally do not occur at their border. This complex along with markers on the verb stem itself also marks various tense, aspect, and mood categories, illocution, valency changing devices, pluractionality, and some adverbial categories, such as repetition or return to a previous state, akin to English "again", and a marker to indicate that a verb of position or motion takes place on top of a surface other than the ground. Many verb stems undergo alternations marking the person, number, and noun class of the undergoer argument, which can be realised as a prefix, suffix, or an infix, or in some cases, irregular or suppletive forms. The prefixal complex also displays a marker for the role of a constituent placed in the immediately preverbal focus slot, a system which works similarly to Austronesian alignment. This focus system works according to Nominative/Accusative Alignment, with the sole argument of an intransitive verb treated the same as the more agentive argument of a transitive verb, while the other role markers in the prefixal complex and verb stem operate on a more semantic basis, with verbs like "fall" indexing their sole argument as an undergoer, and taking invariant third person singular agent marking. Verbs are negated by a preverbal marker "mbya", which within noun phrases has the function of marking collectivity, "all". It is likely this marker was used alongside a negative marker in the prefixal complex to reinforce the negative meaning, as in english "not verb at all", but over time replaced the original negative marker, an example of Jespersen's cycle. Other related languages display a prefixal negative marker, which in Coastal Marind only remains as a component of the prohibitive (negative imperative) marker.

Verb stems may also be moved out of their position following the prefixal complex, and replaced by a dummy auxiliary, in order to be modified by elements that cannot otherwise modify verbs in adverbial function, such as a property word meaning "bad", which can be compounded with verb stems in this construction to mean "verb badly/wrongly". Notably, this is also used to express "only" on verbs, as in "We only cooked the food (but didn't eat it.)", as the expression of "only" on arguments requires the argument to be place pre-verbal focus slot, and an "only" marker used in the prefixal complex. With the auxiliary, the verb stem is placed in this position.

Clausal word order is more constrained by pragmatic constraints than syntactic ones, in particular the immediately preverbal position is used to mark focus, though there is a preference towards verb final word order. The language is pro-drop, with arguments being readily omitted from clauses if they can be assumed from context.

Relationships between clauses are often quite unspecified, with subordinate clauses appearing at the periphery of main clauses rather than embedded within them, resembling the "adjoined relative clauses" described in some Australian languages like Warlpiri, and being translatable into English as either relative, complement, or adverbial clauses depending on context. The direct speech construction is extended to cover functions beyond just quoting, also being used to express desire, thoughts, and purpose.

## Further reading

* Geurtjens, Hendrik (1933). *Marindineesch–Nederlandsch Woordenboek*. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 71, 5 (in Dutch). Bandoeng: Nix.
* Drabbe, Peter (1955). *Spraakkunst van het Marind: Zuidkust Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea*. Studia Instituti Anthropos, 11 (in Dutch). Wien-Mödling: Missiehuis St. Gabriël.
* Olsson, Bruno (2017). *The Coastal Marind Language* (PhD thesis). Nanyang Technological University. doi:10.32657/10356/73235. hdl:10356/73235.
* Kriens, Ronald. 2003. *Report on the Kumbe river survey south coast of Irian Jaya, Indonesia*. SIL International.

## InfoBox

| Marind | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Malind District, Merauke Regency, South Papua |
| Ethnicity | Marind |
| Native speakers | (10,000 cited 1987–2002) |
| Language family | Anim |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:
`mrz`  Southeast
`bpv`  Northwest |
| *Glottolog* | `nucl1621` |


title: Marinci, Istria County

abstract: Marinci is a village in Istria, Croatia.

text:
# Marinci, Istria County

**Marinci** (Italian: **Marinzi**) is a village in Istria, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 69.

## InfoBox

| Marinci Marinzi | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Marinci | |
| Coordinates: 45°23′39″N 13°58′00″E / 45.3941179°N 13.9667866°E / 45.3941179; 13.9667866 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Istria |
| Municipality | Buzet |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.6 sq mi (1.6 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 69 |
| Density | 110/sq mi (43/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 52420 Buzet |
| Area code | 052 |


title: The New Adventures of Batman

abstract: The New Adventures of Batman is an animated series that aired on CBS from February 12 to May 28, 1977, featuring the DC Comics superheroes Batman and Robin, and Batgirl. The series was a Filmation and DC Comics production in association with Warner Bros. Television.

text:
# The New Adventures of Batman

***The New Adventures of Batman*** is an animated series that aired on CBS from February 12 to May 28, 1977, featuring the DC Comics superheroes Batman and Robin, and Batgirl. The series was a Filmation and DC Comics production in association with Warner Bros. Television (whose current parent company is Warner Bros. Discovery).

## Plot

In *The New Adventures of Batman*, the "Dynamic Duo" fights crime in Gotham City, encountering the classic Batman rogues gallery as well as some original villains. Complicating matters is Bat-Mite, a well-meaning imp from another dimension called Ergo, who considers himself Batman's biggest fan. As a result, he wears a variant of Batman’s costume and attempts to help him, only to often create more problems. Missing is Alfred, the faithful butler of Batman's alter ego Bruce Wayne; also notable in this series are the inverted colors of the circled "R" on Robin's costume.

## Voice cast

## Production

### Development

In September 1968, before *The New Adventures of Batman*, Filmation Associates had created and aired an animated Batman series (pre-Bat-Mite), named *The Batman/Superman Hour*, for CBS. This series, the first Saturday Morning vehicle for the Caped Crusader, paired up new Batman and Robin adventures with old Superman / Superboy episodes. In 1969, it was repackaged into 30-minute episodes without the Man of Steel and renamed *Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder*.

*The New Adventures of Batman* was produced concurrently with *Super Friends*, which was produced by the competing Hanna-Barbera Productions and included Batman and Robin as members, marking a rare occurrence in animation history which saw two studios simultaneously producing series featuring the same characters. The main distinction was that in Filmation’s series, Batman and Robin were voiced by Adam West and Burt Ward, the lead actors of the 1960s *Batman* series. At the time, Hanna-Barbera's Batman and Robin were voiced by Olan Soule and Casey Kasem, who also voiced the Dynamic Duo for Filmation's 1968 version, *The Batman/Superman Hour*.

### Airdates

*The New Adventures of Batman* premiered February 12, 1977, on CBS. The episodes from this series were later aired along with other Filmation shows — such as *Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle* (1976, CBS) — as part of: *The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour* (1977–1978 CBS), *Tarzan and the Super 7* (1978–1980 CBS), and *Batman and the Super 7* (1980–1981 NBC).

### Villains

Just like on the prior Filmation produced Batman series, no backstory or alter ego were presented for Catwoman within the four episodes in which she appeared. The yellow and orange costume design used was unique to the series.

Penguin frequently rolls his 'r's and laughs in a manner similar to Burgess Meredith's portrayal, although he has a high-pitched posh accent. He appears in "Reading, Writing and Wronging", "Birds of a Feather Fool Around Together", and "Have an Evil Day, Parts 1 and 2".

Mr. Freeze appears in the episode "The Deep Freeze". Unlike his appearance in the show's opening credits, Mr. Freeze is shown without the helmet that goes with his freeze suit. He and his henchman Professor Frost plot to steal the N-1000 (a superfast submarine) to pull off the "Crime of the Century". When Batman and Robin raid his hideout, Mr. Freeze manages to freeze both of them and takes Robin with him as he escapes. When Freeze and Professor Frost steal the N-1000, they steer it to the North Pole. When Batman, Robin and Bat-Mite face Mr. Freeze and Professor Frost at the North Pole, Batman and Robin fire a beam that reverses the polarity of Freeze's freeze gun so that it warms up. They then apprehend Freeze and Professor Frost where they are both placed into prison.

The Matt Hagen incarnation of Clayface must apply his special potion daily to maintain his powers as Clayface and often took on the forms of animals. In the episode "Dead Ringers", Hagen forces former criminal-turned-acrobat Kit Martin to help him kidnap Arabian Oil Minister Basil Oram and hold him for a #10 million ransom in exchange for not telling Martin's boss of his criminal record. When Batman attempts to intervene, Clayface stages a car accident to knock the Dark Knight out and stow away in the Batmobile to infiltrate the Batcave, where he learns Batman developed amnesia and uses this to discover Batman's secret identity. However, Bat-Mite distracts Clayface long enough for the Bat-Computer to create an antidote for Batman's amnesia. Clayface escapes by water, but Batman pursues him in his Bat-Boat until the former's potion wears off and he nearly drowns due to his inability to swim. Batman saves Hagen and hands him over to the police. In the episode "Curses! Oiled Again", Clayface collaborates with Catwoman to steal a shipment of oil bound for Gotham City during a cold snap and steal the country's oil supply. However, Batman, Robin, Batgirl, and Bat-Mite intervene and defeat the villains. In the two-part episode "Have an Evil Day", Zarbor enlists Clayface, Catwoman, the Joker, and the Penguin to keep the Dynamic Duo busy while he steals America's nuclear power plants.

#### Missing villains

The Riddler and the Scarecrow were off-limits to the show, as Hanna-Barbera already had the rights to the characters for *Challenge of the Superfriends* (though the Riddler does appear in the opening credits of the show in a pink-colored costume, and was mentioned being arrested at the beginning of the episode "The Deep Freeze"). This is also the reason why the Joker could not appear in *Challenge of the Superfriends*, though he was planned as a Legion of Doom member.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Villain(s) | Written by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Pest" | The Joker | Chuck Menville
Len Janson |
| The Joker steals an experimental hydrogen-powered car while disguising himself as the inventor, but without his knowledge of the car's weakness. | | | | |
| 2 | "The Moonman" | The Moonman | Chuck Menville
Len Janson |
| Bruce Wayne's college friend, the astronaut Scott Rogers, has been infected with space waves that cause him to turn into the super-powered Moonman during the full moon. | | | | |
| 3 | "Trouble Identity" | Catwoman | Bill Danch
Jim Ryan |
| Catwoman steals a machine that changes trash into fine fabrics, and frames Batgirl for the theft. | | | | |
| 4 | "A Sweet Joke On Gotham City" | Sweet Tooth | Mark Fink |
| Sweet Tooth executes a plot 4 out of 5 dentists would reject: to turn Gotham City's water supply into chocolate syrup for a $10 million ransom. | | | | |
| 5 | "The Bermuda Rectangle" | Professor Bubbles | Arthur Nadel |
| A villain named Professor Bubbles and his henchman, Flow, capture ships carrying pieces to a weapon he can use to take over the world. | | | | |
| 6 | "Bite-Sized" | Electro | Len Janson |
| The alien villain Electro shrinks Batman and Robin and mind controls them to help him steal government secrets. | | | | |
| 7 | "Reading, Writing & Wronging" | The Penguin | Mark Fink |
| The Penguin opens a crime school and steals Batman and Robin's utility belts. | | | | |
| 8 | "The Chameleon" | The Chameleon | Chuck Menville |
| A shapeshifting villain named the Chameleon plans to shut down Gotham City's new lunar/solar collector. | | | | |
| 9 | "He Who Laughs Last" | The Joker | Arthur Nadel |
| The Joker escapes from prison, planning to get revenge on Batman and Robin by giving them a series of clues linked to his crimes. | | | | |
| 10 | "The Deep Freeze" | Mr. Freeze | Mark Fink |
| After seeing a news bulletin where Gotham City Police has announced the capture of the Joker, the Riddler, and seven of the most wanted criminals by Batman and Robin, Mr. Freeze and his henchman Professor Frost plan to steal the N-1000 (a superfast submarine) to pull off the crime of the century. | | | | |
| 11 | "Dead Ringers" | Clayface | Len Janson |
| Clayface poses as Batman and forces a reformed criminal turned circus acrobat to pose as Robin in order to abduct Arab oil minister Basil Oram. | | | | |
| 12 | "Curses! Oiled Again!" | Clayface, Catwoman | Chuck Menville
Len Janson |
| During a cold snap, Catwoman and Clayface join forces to steal oil. At the same time, a TV newscaster named Boyd Baxter seeks to show up Batman. | | | | |
| 13 | "Birds Of A Feather Fool Around Together" | The Penguin, the Joker | Chuck Menville
Len Janson |
| In order to win a criminals' election against the Joker, the Penguin invents the "Crime Slime", which can turn people into criminals. It makes him and Bat-Mite switch bodies and also seems to affect Batman and Robin. | | | | |
| 14 | "Have An Evil Day (Part 1)" | Zarbor, the Joker, the Penguin, Clayface, Catwoman | TBA |
| Zarbor, a criminal from Bat-Mite's home dimension of Ergo, comes to Earth, enlisting Batman's enemies to keep the Caped Crusaders busy while he steals America's nuclear power plants. | | | | |
| 15 | "Have An Evil Day (Part 2)" | Zarbor, the Joker, the Penguin, Clayface, Catwoman | TBA |
| Batman and Robin, the villains, and Bat-Mite follow Zarbor back to Ergo, hoping to foil his takeover plans, and recover the stolen nuclear power plants. | | | | |
| 16 | "This Looks Like A Job For Bat-Mite!" | Zarbor | Chuck Menville
Len Janson |
| Zarbor escapes jail in Ergo and returns to Earth, planning to become its ruler  with help from the Dynamic Duo. | | | | |

## Home media

*The New Adventures of Batman* was released on DVD on June 26, 2007, by Warner Home Video (via DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment); all 16 episodes are collected, and are presented in their original, uncut broadcast presentations and in original airdate order. A retrospective detailing the creation of the series titled *Dark Vs. Light: Filmation and The Batman* featuring Filmation historian Michael Swanigan and Filmation founder Lou Scheimer is also included.

The first episode, "The Pest", was released along with an episode of *Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle* in the *Saturday Morning Cartoons: The 1970s Vol. 1* DVD, also released by Warner Home Video.

Warner Bros. Home Entertainment released the series on Blu-ray on June 25, 2024.

## Legacy

Homage was paid to *The New Adventures of Batman* in a 1998 episode of Bruce Timm's *The New Batman Adventures*. In the DVD release audio commentary for the 1998-1999 season, Timm and the rest of the series creators (writer Paul Dini, director Dan Riba, artist Glen Murakami, and storyboarder James Tucker) explain that the first segment of the October 10, 1998, episode "Legends of the Dark Knight" purposely makes use of the same designs *The New Adventures of Batman* used for the Joker, Batman and Robin, as well as the same color schemes and shading in a nod to both *The New Adventures of Batman* and to Batman artist Dick Sprang, whose style heavily influenced the visuals of the Filmation cartoon (along with Neal Adams). They further explain that the episode segment also purposely makes use of the trademark silliness and corny tone of the original series (which differs from the darker, serious tone of Timm's series) and also mimics the low frame rate animation style used by Filmation.

1. Rodgers, Will (2016). *The Ultimate Super Friends Companion*. BRBTV. pp. 293–299. ISBN 978-1539767626.
2. Erickson, Hal (2005). *Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003* (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 114–122. ISBN 978-1476665993.
3. Cowsill, Alan; Irvine, Alex; Manning, Matthew K.; McAvennie, Michael; Wallace, Daniel (2019). *DC Comics Year By Year: A Visual Chronicle*. DK Publishing. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-4654-8578-6.
4. "The New Adventures of Batman". *DVD Talk*. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
5. "Super '70s and '80s: "Super Friends"—Darrell McNeil, animator".
6. Bonthuys, Darryn (May 1, 2024). "The New Adventures Of Batman Complete Collection Blu-Ray Preorders Live At Amazon". *GameSpot*. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
7. *Legends of the Dark Knight* (DVD). 4. Information stated by the 1990s Batman Animated series Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, Glen Murakami, Dan Riba and James Tucker, in the audiocomments.

## InfoBox

| *The New Adventures of Batman* | |
| --- | --- |
| Title card | |
| Based on | Batman
by |
| Directed by | Don Towsley |
| Voices of |  |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 16 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Producer | Don Christensen |
| Running time | 25 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | February 12 (1977-02-12)
May 28, 1977 (1977-05-28) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: The Prisoners (painting)

abstract: The Prisoners is an 1883 oil painting by Polish painter Jacek Malczewski. It depicts a group of Polish political prisoners exiled to Siberia for their participation in the national January Uprising of 1863–1864 against Tsarist Russia. It is now displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw.

text:
# The Prisoners (painting)

***The Prisoners*** (Polish: *Aresztanci*, also known as *Na etapie*) is an 1883 oil painting by Polish painter Jacek Malczewski. It depicts a group of Polish political prisoners exiled to Siberia for their participation in the national January Uprising of 1863–1864 against Tsarist Russia. It is now displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw.

## Background

January Uprising began on 22 January 1863 and was aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The conflict was the longest lasting insurgency in post-partition Poland and engaged all levels of society. The uprising was suppressed in 1864 and among the many reprisals of the Russian Empire against the insurrectionists were forced deportations to Siberia.

Jacek Malczewski, similarly to fellow painter Józef Chełmoński, witnessed the January Uprising as a child, which had exerted a lasting impact on the artist as an adult. He created many paintings forming a significant part of Poland's rich iconography portraying the country's fight for independence during the Age of Partitions and *The Prisoners* is one of the artist's works directly referring to the fate of Poles sentenced to resettlement in Siberia.

## Description and analysis

The painting forms part of the *Siberian Compositions* series by Malczewski and shows a strong influence of Artur Grottger in tackling the subject matter. It depicts a group of Polish captives, known as sybiraks, taking a rest on their long and dangerous road to Siberia. They differ in age, social status as well as the way they individually experience their tragic circumstances. The foreground presents members of the intelligentsia and students with the figure of a despairing youth wearing a shackle on his ankle and sitting on a chair covering his face in his arms. An elderly man is leaning towards him trying to comfort the young man. In the background, there are figures of members belonging to the lower class and peasants, wearing shabby clothes and carrying their belongings. This realistic juxtaposition of well-educated, noble patriots with commoners, some of whom were petty criminals, leads to the demythologization of the popular image of sybiraks in Polish culture. A sense of isolation between the two groups depicted in the painting serves the purpose of demonstrating that the willingness to accept the sacrifice for the nation's independence was not shared by all members of the Polish society.

On the left, a Russian soldier holding a rifle is standing at the entrance to the barrack and guarding the seven men and boys inside. A wintry landscape is visible in the distance. The portrayal of the prisoners' misery and suffering was meant to arouse patriotic feelings and is seen as an analogy to the suffering of the entire nation under foreign rule. The domination of dark and grey colours reinforces the atmosphere of sadness. It contrasts with the artist's later works full of colours and hidden symbolic meanings.

## InfoBox

| The Prisoners | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Jacek Malczewski |
| Year | 1883 |
| Medium | Oil-on-cardboard |
| Dimensions | 30.5 cm × 38.5 cm (12 in × 15.1 in) |
| Location | National Museum, Warsaw |


title: The Quest (Yes album)

abstract: The Quest is the twenty-second studio album by English progressive rock band Yes, released on 1 October 2021 by InsideOut Music and Sony Music. It is their first studio album featuring Billy Sherwood since The Ladder (1999), replacing bassist Chris Squire following his death in 2015, making this Yes' first studio album without any original members. It is also their first studio album since Talk (1994) to feature a single producer, guitarist Steve Howe, and their last to feature drummer Alan White before his death in 2022. After completing touring commitments in July 2019, Yes began to collaborate on new material by exchanging ideas for songs online. The COVID-19 pandemic caused all touring to be cancelled in March 2020, which presented the opportunity for them to focus on the album during lockdown. When the songs had been arranged, the album was recorded in California and England and orchestral arrangements by Paul K. Joyce were performed by the FAMES Orchestra in North Macedonia. Frontman Jon Davison was the main lyricist, who wrote about various themes including hope, optimism, and environmental issues. The Quest was released in various formats, including CD, LP, Blu-ray Disc, and on streaming platforms, and reached number 20 on the UK Albums Chart. It received generally positive reviews for Howe's production and being considered an overall improvement over Yes' previous studio album Heaven & Earth (2014), though it received criticism for lacking unique or distinct songs.

text:
# The Quest (Yes album)

***The Quest*** is the twenty-second studio album by English progressive rock band Yes, released on 1 October 2021 by InsideOut Music and Sony Music. It is their first studio album featuring Billy Sherwood since *The Ladder* (1999), replacing bassist Chris Squire following his death in 2015, making this Yes' first studio album without any original members. It is also their first studio album since *Talk* (1994) to feature a single producer, guitarist Steve Howe, and their last to feature drummer Alan White before his death in 2022.

After completing touring commitments in July 2019, Yes began to collaborate on new material by exchanging ideas for songs online. The COVID-19 pandemic caused all touring to be cancelled in March 2020, which presented the opportunity for them to focus on the album during lockdown. When the songs had been arranged, the album was recorded in California and England and orchestral arrangements by Paul K. Joyce were performed by the FAMES Orchestra in North Macedonia. Frontman Jon Davison was the main lyricist, who wrote about various themes including hope, optimism, and environmental issues.

*The Quest* was released in various formats, including CD, LP, Blu-ray Disc, and on streaming platforms, and reached number 20 on the UK Albums Chart. It received generally positive reviews for Howe's production and being considered an overall improvement over Yes' previous studio album *Heaven & Earth* (2014), though it received criticism for lacking unique or distinct songs.

## Background

In July 2019, the Yes line-up of Steve Howe, Alan White, Geoff Downes, Jon Davison, and Billy Sherwood, with second guest drummer Jay Schellen, finished their 28-date Royal Affair Tour, which saw the group headline a package tour across the U.S. that included performances from Asia, John Lodge, and Carl Palmer's ELP Legacy with Arthur Brown. Around this time, InsideOut Music co-founder Thomas Waber asked the band if they were ready to make a new studio album. Yes had planned to resume touring from March 2020, continuing their Album Series Tour with *Relayer* (1974) performed in its entirety, but it was rescheduled for 2021, and later to 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. The situation presented the opportunity for the band to work on a new album, their first since *Heaven & Earth* (2014). This marks the first Yes album to involve Sherwood as a musician (he had mixed *Heaven and Earth*) since *The Ladder* (1999), who replaced original bassist Chris Squire following his death in 2015, and the first without any founding members. It would also be the last Yes album released before drummer Alan White's death seven months after the album's release.

## Writing and recording

Yes began writing for the album in November 2019, one month before the outbreak of COVID-19, with the rest put together in the following year. Howe had become increasingly dissatisfied in recording with external producers who at times "didn't fully know what this band was", and put himself forward to produce the album, which was agreed upon. As the band were unable to get together, they developed songs by exchanging ideas online which were managed and stored at Curtis Schwartz Studio in Ardingly, West Sussex, owned by Curtis Schwartz, the album's engineer and mixer. Howe said there was "a lot of creativity" in the ideas that the band had presented, and wanted the album to be different from what Yes had done before. Davison wanted to support Howe in particular while making the album and "really let him shine". A typical scenario involved one member contributing an instrumental section for a track, which Davison would then take and develop vocal lines and lyrical ideas. Davison preferred writing in this way as it allowed him to work in his own studio at his own pace, as opposed to the pressure of working "on the clock" in a professional facility. Howe then sifted through what had been put down, suggesting parts that were to be developed or scrapped. Davison had no predetermined agenda with his lyrics, but he was inspired to write about life, one's destiny, and environmentalism, and noticed Howe had presented lyrical ideas on similar topics. Howe approached the writing process with caution, which he had also done for *Fly from Here* (2011) and *Heaven & Earth*, to ensure the songs were fully arranged and to every members' satisfaction prior to recording. "Dare to Know" was recorded during the period between 2019 and 2020, where members of Yes exchanged ideas remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end of 2019, Yes had put together "Damaged World" and "Future Memories".

The album was recorded in two main locations in 2020 and 2021; White and Sherwood put down their respective drum and bass parts first at Uncle Rehearsal Studios in Van Nuys, California, and Schellen contributed percussion. After sharing the recording files to the group online, and once COVID-19 restrictions began to ease, Davison travelled to England to join Downes and Howe at Curtis Schwartz Studio, where the album was completed. *The Quest* features orchestral arrangements that Howe said were to "augment and enhance the overall sound", after the idea of using one appealed to him. Downes felt the orchestra complemented his keyboard parts as opposed to being a "me versus them" situation. Yes had previously used an orchestra on two other studio albums, *Time and a Word* (1970) and *Magnification* (2001). The parts were written by English composer and arranger Paul Joyce, a longtime fan of the band who had produced orchestrations for Howe's solo album, *Time* (2012). Joyce arranged a full score for a 47-piece orchestra which was performed by the FAMES Studio Orchestra in Skopje, North Macedonia, with conductor Oleg Kondratenko. Schwartz and Howe mixed the album in March 2021.

InsideOut Music suggested that the album should not go over 45, 50 minutes, and the band selected eight tracks in the final running order. The label went on to suggest that a second disc of additional tracks recorded during the sessions be added, so Yes chose three songs that Howe said were "high-quality reserve tracks" and were not necessarily ones that they would have scrapped. He added that the two-disc configuration of *The Quest* "is not so much a double album", as the three tracks are "more like \[...\] a second part of the story."

## Songs

"The Ice Bridge" was first announced to have been written by Downes and Davison, and is formed of three sections. It originated from an idea Downes had, from which Davison developed lyrical and melody lines. The track begins in the key of C minor, which Howe said brings a "dark and moody" feel, and features sounds of ice breaking. Downes said the opening keyboard fanfare is one of his "signature bits" and was played as a homage to the band. The lyrics address the issue of climate change. On the following day of its release as a digital single, Downes addressed rumours that the song's riff was similar to "The Dawn of an Era" by English composer Francis Monkman. Downes originally clarified that "The Ice Bridge" originated from a 1977 showreel of his while composing jingles and library music for a West End music production company, and that he thought the song was worthy for further development by Yes. However, Downes mistakenly believed the composition was his own, as Monkman's track was put on the same tape. After the two got in contact, Monkman received a writing credit. The opening keyboard riff has been compared to "Fanfare for the Common Man" by Aaron Copland and adapted and played by Emerson, Lake & Palmer.

"Dare to Know" was recorded during the period between 2019 and 2020, where members of Yes exchanged ideas remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. It features co-lead and harmonised vocals between Howe and Jon Davison. The song features an orchestral arrangement featuring an ascending brass refrain performed by Fame's Studio Orchestra, conducted by Oleg Kondratenko. At the time of the song's release, Howe said: "The centrepiece leaves the orchestra alone to elaborate and develop the way the theme is heard, then augments the closing minutes of the song as it rests, with an acoustic guitar cadenza."

"Minus the Man" concerns the search "for eternal consciousness through technology". "Leave Well Alone" features Howe playing a Japanese koto. "The Western Edge" features Davison sharing lead vocals with Sherwood, after he suggested they each devise a vocal part and combine the two tracks in the studio. Davison said this "accidental collaboration" produced a more unique result. Sherwood produced a demo of the track, after which Davison developed the melodies and lyrics.

"A Living Island" was inspired while Davison spent time during lockdown in Barbados, where he "really did some soul searching" on its lyrical message: "I felt the need to express in words all those intense thoughts and feelings and my personal perception of it all." Howe said the track is the only one about COVID-19 on the album, and said it concerns "two people grappling with the restrictions and the fears and dangers of the time." As the song progresses, the lyrics change from a personal standpoint to a wish for global wellbeing. Davison's vocals were recorded at his home set-up in Barbados, as the group felt the original takes were too strong and emotional to be re-recorded. The closing theme was something that Downes had worked on for some time before, and used a snippet of it on *Halcyon Hymns* (2021), an album by his side project, Downes Braide Association. He called it a "grandiose theme" that has "big major chords" in a similar style to Yes tracks "And You and I" and "Awaken", and thought it was a good way to close the album.

"Mystery Tour" pays homage to The Beatles and their influence on music and culture. "Damaged World" was the first song Yes collaborated on for the album in November 2019.

## Release

*The Quest* was announced on the band's official website, YesWorld, on 7 July 2021, revealing the track listing, artwork, and scheduled release date. *The Quest* is scheduled for release in five different versions: a 2CD digipak, a limited edition deluxe box set containing 2LPs, 2CDs, and a Blu-ray Disc, a limited edition 2CD and Blu-ray Disc artbook, a gatefold sleeve LP and 2-CD set with a booklet, and on various digital platforms. "The Ice Bridge" was released as a digital single on 23 July 2021, including a YouTube video with lyrics and Dean's artwork. A similar-styled video accompanied the release of "Dare to Know" on 1 September 2021.

The album peaked at number 20 on its debut week on the UK Albums Chart.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Classic Rock* |  |
| Prog Radio |  |
| *The Spill Magazine* | 8/10 |
| *Uncut* | 7/10 |

Daniel Willis of *RIFF* magazine rated the album 6-out-of-10. He thought that while the album is a "master class in prog rock, it maintains the same sound across not just within itself but since the band's best-known hits" from the 1970s. He picked "The Ice Bridge", "Dare to Know", and "Mystery Tour" as distinct songs that stand out from the rest, which is "synth-heavy and cinematic, light on hooks and riffs, without choruses that will linger in your head". Geoff Bailie of The Prog Report said that the album "sounds like the work of a new lineup, with a new approach" and praised Howe's "beautifully rich guitar textures" throughout. He thought the three bonus tracks were songs that "don't really fit", but noted the sequencing made the album flow. Sonic Perspectives gave *The Quest* a rating of 8.4-out-of-10 which classified it as "Great". In his mixed review, Scott Medina ranked its production and musicianship as the strongest metrics, but lower scores for the songwriting and originality. He praised the decision to assign Howe as producer, though he said "more fire" in the writing would "catapult this from a decent effort to a great one". Despite this, Medina considered the album an improvement to *Heaven & Earth*.

Ultimate Classic Rock reviewer Michael Gallucci wrote that with *The Quest*, the band "dips into the nostalgia pool once again" and "goes through some familiar motions." Though he said the album "starts in the right place" with "The Ice Bridge" and "Dare to Know" sounding like "classic Yes", it begins to get "even more self-serious and metaphysical in its musings" with "Minus the Man" and "Future Memories". Gallucci summarised that the album is "backward-looking" and follows "a well-worn path", but praised the solos and in particular, "A Living Island". In a review for *Classic Rock*, Geoff Barton gave *The Quest* three stars out of five. He wrote that despite opening strong, the album "goes awry" as several tracks are suddenly punctuated by the orchestra before "just as soon fizzle out." The rest of the album "becomes ever more twee and unchallenging", with a lack of drama in the songs. Barton summarised the album as "a mixed bag". *Glide* magazine posted a mixed review by Andrew Kenney. He argued that Sherwood had proven to be a proficient replacement for Squire on stage, and his "running basslines and trebly undertones" provide a good basis for Howe and Downes to riff off each other. He praised White's "crisp, sharp" drumming and the vocal harmonies on "Minus the Man" despite the track being "a bit of a momentum killer". Kenney hailed "Leave Well Alone" as "a true Yes classic in the making" and "The Western Edge" a high point on the album, though despite "A Living Island" the least "Yes sounding" track it is also a strong moment. He thought the second disc lacked the "punch and quality" of the main set, but half of the album "deserve regular live rotation".

## Track listing

*The Quest* – CD 1
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Ice Bridge" * I "Eyes East" * II "Race Against Time" * III "Interaction" | Jon Davison, Francis Monkman, Geoff Downes | 7:01 |
| 2. | "Dare to Know" | Steve Howe | 6:00 |
| 3. | "Minus the Man" | Davison, Billy Sherwood | 5:35 |
| 4. | "Leave Well Alone" * I "Across the Border" * II "Not for Nothing" * III "Wheels" | Howe | 8:06 |
| 5. | "The Western Edge" | Davison, Sherwood | 4:26 |
| 6. | "Future Memories" | Davison | 5:08 |
| 7. | "Music to My Ears" | Howe | 4:41 |
| 8. | "A Living Island" * I "Brave the Storm" * II "Wake Up" * III "We Will Remember" | Davison, Downes | 6:52 |
| Total length: | | | 47:49 |

*The Quest* – CD 2 (Bonus disc)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9. | "Sister Sleeping Soul" | Davison, Howe | 4:51 |
| 10. | "Mystery Tour" | Howe | 3:33 |
| 11. | "Damaged World" | Howe | 5:20 |
| Total length: | | | 13:44 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the albums' liner notes.

### Yes

### Additional musicians

* Jay Schellen – percussion
* FAMES Studio Orchestra (tracks 2–4)
* Paul K. Joyce – orchestra arrangements
* Oleg Kondratenko – conductor (tracks 2–4)

### Production

* Steve Howe – producer, preparatory engineering, guitar recording
* Curtis Schwartz – engineering, mixing, recording sessions photographies
* Simon Heyworth – mastering
* Geoff Downes – preparatory engineering, keyboards recording
* Jon Davison – preparatory engineering, vocals recording
* Billy Sherwood – preparatory engineering, basses recording, drums and percussion recording
* Alen Hadzi Stefanov – orchestra sound recordist
* Teodora Arsovska – orchestra Pro tools operator
* Roger Dean – cover art, logo
* Doug Gottlieb, Glenn Gottlieb (The Gottlieb Brothers) – package design, Yes portraits
* Gigi White – recording sessions photographies

## Charts

Chart performance for *The Quest*
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 14 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 72 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 30 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 54 |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 40 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 85 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 7 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 60 |
| Japan Hot Albums (*Billboard Japan*) | 51 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 46 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 38 |
| Portuguese Albums (AFP) | 44 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 7 |
| Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE) | 62 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 5 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 20 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 1 |
| US Top Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 22 |
| US Top Tastemaker Albums (*Billboard*) | 7 |

## InfoBox

| The Quest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Yes | |
| Released | 1 October 2021 |
| Recorded | November 2019–March 2021 |
| Studio | Uncle Rehearsal Studios
(Van Nuys, California)
Curtis Schwartz Studio
(Ardingly, West Sussex)
FAMES Project Studio (orchestra)
(Skopje, North Macedonia) |
| Genre | Progressive rock |
| Length | 61:33 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Steve Howe |
| Yes chronology | |
| *The Royal Affair Tour: Live from Las Vegas*
(2020) ***The Quest***
(2021) *Mirror to the Sky*
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Quest* | |
| 1. "The Ice Bridge"
Released: 23 July 2021 2. "Dare to Know"
Released: 1 September 2021 3. "Future Memories"
Released: 15 October 2021 4. "A Living Island"
Released: 10 February 2022 | |
|  | |


title: The Quest (British TV series)

abstract: The Quest is a series of three feature-length comedy dramas produced by Yorkshire Television and written for British television by Douglas Livingstone and directed by David Jason. The first episode in the series premiered on ITV in 2002. Two follow-up episodes were also created by Livingstone and Jason: The Second Quest and The Final Quest. The series revolves around three older men trying to relive their youth. Other members of the cast included Les Dennis, Anna Karen, Diane Langton and Georgia Tennant.

text:
# The Quest (British TV series)

***The Quest*** is a series of three feature-length comedy dramas produced by Yorkshire Television and written for British television by Douglas Livingstone and directed by David Jason. The first episode in the series premiered on ITV in 2002.

Two follow-up episodes were also created by Livingstone and Jason: *The Second Quest* and *The Final Quest* (both 2004). The series revolves around three older men (played by Jason, Hywel Bennett and Roy Hudd) trying to relive their youth. Other members of the cast included Les Dennis, Anna Karen, Diane Langton and Georgia Tennant.


title: The New Childhood

abstract: The New Childhood: Raising Kids to Thrive in a Connected World by Jordan Shapiro is a book published by Little, Brown and Company in December 2018.

text:
# The New Childhood

***The New Childhood: Raising Kids to Thrive in a Connected World*** by Jordan Shapiro is a book published by Little, Brown and Company in December 2018.

## Synopsis

Shapiro, who teaches at Temple University in the College of Liberal Arts, became interested in childhood development and digital play following his divorce, after playing video games with his two sons. He argues against strict screen time limits for kids, suggesting instead that parents should teach their kids how to use digital devices with integrity. He advises parents not to panic about new technologies. He advocates for joint media engagement.

His view that kids can only learn proper ethics for a connected world by spending more time with digital technology has been controversial, causing writer Naomi Schaefer Riley to complain, "the idea that parents might forbid or severely limit their children's devices—or take the devices away altogether—is anathema to him."


title: The Oath (2023 film)

abstract: The Oath is a 2023 American mythological action adventure romance film written by Michelle Scott and Darin Scott, directed by Darin Scott and starring Darin Scott, Nora Dale, Karina Lombard, Eugene Brave Rock and Billy Zane. It is based on the short film Reign of Judges: Title of Liberty.

text:
# The Oath (2023 film)

***The Oath*** is a 2023 American mythological action adventure romance film written by Michelle Scott and Darin Scott, directed by Darin Scott and starring Darin Scott, Nora Dale, Karina Lombard, Eugene Brave Rock and Billy Zane. It is based on the short film *Reign of Judges: Title of Liberty*.

## Plot

The Oath dramatizes stories from the Book of Mormon.

## Cast

## Release

In October 2023, it was announced that Allen Media Group acquired North American distribution rights to the film, which was released in theaters on December 8, 2023 and on digital and VOD on March 26, 2024.

## Reception

The film has a 30% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews.

## InfoBox

| The Oath | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Darin Scott |
| Written by | Michelle Scott
Darin Scott |
| Produced by | Isen Robbins
Aimee Schoof
Randolf Turrow
Darin Scott |
| Starring | Darin Scott
Nora Dale
Karina Lombard
Eugene Brave Rock
Billy Zane |
| Music by | Trevor Morris |
| Distributed by | Allen Media Group |
| Release date | * December 8, 2023 (2023-12-08) |
| Running time | 104 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Recruit (Dad's Army)

abstract: "The Recruit" is the seventh episode of the sixth series of the British television sitcom Dad's Army. It was originally transmitted on 12 December 1973.

text:
# The Recruit (Dad's Army)

"**The Recruit**" is the seventh episode of the sixth series of the British television sitcom *Dad's Army*. It was originally transmitted on 12 December 1973.

## Synopsis

Captain Mainwaring is indisposed due to an ingrowing toenail, so Sergeant Wilson takes charge temporarily of the platoon. When, however, he allows the vicar and the verger to join the ranks, the rest of the men are far from happy.

## Plot

With Captain Mainwaring absent from the platoon, Sergeant Wilson signs on two new recruits into the platoon, the vicar and the verger. When Mainwaring returns from hospital, he learns of the changes that Wilson has made and does not approve. However he can do nothing about it as the official papers for the vicar and verger have already been sent to GHQ. Mainwaring states that he will not go easy on the two of them.

On their first night on watch, the vicar and the verger have a run-in with a young boy who gives them nothing but trouble. The boy mocks them by answering "Adolf" when challenged by "Halt! Who goes there?" Unable to handle the situation, they call for the rest of the section, who identify the boy as a local troublemaker. Mainwaring arrives and asserts his authority on the boy and tells him to clear off. The boy states that he is going to "tell his Uncle Willie", who turns out to be the Chief Warden, Hodges.

Hodges confronts Mainwaring and his platoon about the way they treated his nephew. After a war of words breaks out between Hodges and the platoon, his nephew states that "they are almost as funny as the Wardens," which prompts Hodges to turn his anger on his nephew and they both run out of the church hall. After having a laugh, Mainwaring turns to the vicar and the verger and states that "This never would have happened if you had handled the situation properly." Upset with Mainwaring's attitude, the vicar resigns, prompting the verger to do the same.

## Cast

1. This is the first episode not to feature James Beck (Walker), who was in a coma with acute pancreatitis during its recording. Beck died shortly thereafter; in this episode he is still billed during the end credits, but was removed from series 7 onwards. Walker's absence in this episode is explained by a note left in his place, saying he has "gone up to the smoke for a few days to do a deal" — this segment was hastily written into the script at the last minute when Beck became ill. In later series, the character was never referred to again. Walker was however written into the radio episode, played by Larry Martyn.

## InfoBox

| "**The Recruit**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Dad's Army* episode | |
| Episode no. | Series 6<br>Episode 7 |
| Directed by | David Croft |
| Story by | Jimmy Perry and David Croft |
| Original air date | 12 December 1973 (1973-12-12) |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
|
|


title: The Recruit (novel)

abstract: The Recruit is the first novel in the CHERUB series, written by Robert Muchamore. It introduces most of the main characters, such as James Adams, Lauren Adams, Kyle Blueman, and Kerry Chang. It was released in the United Kingdom by Hodder Children's Books on 30 April 2004, and by Simon Pulse in the United States on 30 August 2005.

text:
# The Recruit (novel)

***The Recruit*** is the first novel in the *CHERUB* series, written by Robert Muchamore. It introduces most of the main characters, such as James Adams (formerly Choke), Lauren Adams (formerly Onions), Kyle Blueman, and Kerry Chang. It was released in the United Kingdom by Hodder Children's Books on 30 April 2004, and by Simon Pulse in the United States on 30 August 2005.

## Plot

After the death of his mother Gwen from an accidental overdose of alcohol and pain medication, intelligent but rebellious eleven-year-old James Choke is sent to a children's home called Nebraska House; to his dismay, his half-sister Lauren Onions is sent to live with her neglectful father Ron. James' roommate Kyle Blueman is revealed to be an agent of CHERUB, a top-secret spy agency that uses children as its operatives, based on the principle that criminals do not suspect children of spying on them. James is drugged and taken to CHERUB's campus. Chairman Dr. Terrence "Mac" McAfferty introduces James to CHERUB and puts him through a series of entrance tests. James passes the tests and agrees to join CHERUB, changing his name to James Adams. However, before he can undergo basic training and become a CHERUB agent, James must learn how to swim. With the help of older cherub Amy Collins, James overcomes his fears and learns to swim.

James and seven other recruits begin basic training, a rigorous 100-day course designed to prepare CHERUB agents for missions. James is paired up with Kerry Chang, who was forced to quit her previous attempt at basic training due to a knee injury. Despite prolonged torment at the hands of head training instructor Norman Large, including being forced to spend Christmas night outside in their underwear and a grueling 3-day solo hike through the Malaysian rainforest, they both pass. James returns to campus to discover that Lauren has joined CHERUB as well after Ron was sentenced to prison for physically abusing her and selling contraband cigarettes.

Two months later, James is sent on a mission with Amy. Overseen by mission controller Ewart Asker, the two pose as the nephew and niece of a resident of Fort Harmony, a hippie commune in Wales. The commune is adjacent to a hotel that is hosting a conference of over 200 oil executives and politicians, and it is feared that eco-terrorist group Help Earth is planning an attack on the conference. James and Amy discover that Fort Harmony residents Fire and World Dunn and Brian "Bungle" Evans are Help Earth operatives, and are planning an anthrax attack on the conference. James is inadvertently exposed to anthrax during the investigation and is rushed to hospital, but is discharged after it is found he was only exposed to an attenuated strain that was being used to inoculate hotel staff. With the attack thwarted, Fire and World are arrested, but Brian manages to escape. For his exemplary job on the mission, James is awarded a navy CHERUB T-shirt.

## Characters

## Development and publication

Development for both *The Recruit* and the CHERUB series as a whole began in 1999 when Muchamore was visiting his sister in Australia and found his twelve-year-old nephew complaining about the lack of any good reading material. In 2001, Muchamore began working on an unnamed novel, KN1 (Kids novel 1). This draft was more violent than the published version, with James slashing Samantha's face open with broken glass. Robert Muchamore didn't approach a literary agent until Autumn 2002. By this time the novel was called CHERUB 1.0. He was rejected by the first agent but taken on by the second. Many different publishing companies disliked the novel and rejected Muchamore once again. In March 2003, Hodder Children's Books purchased CHERUB 1.0 and an unnamed sequel, both for release in 2004.

### Translation

*The Recruit* has been translated into 20 languages, including:

* Czech - *Nováček* (*The Novice*)
* Chinese - 愤怒的城堡 (Angry Castle)
* French - *100 Jours en Enfer* (*100 Days In Hell*)
* German - *Top Secret: Der Agent* (*Top Secret: The agent*)
* Japanese - *スカウト* (*Scout*)
* Polish - *Rekrut*
* Portuguese - *O Recruta*
* Russian - *Новобранец* (*The Rookie*)
* Spanish - *Entrenamiento Básico* (*Basic Training*)
* Norwegian - *Rekrutten*
* Danish - *Ilddåb* (*Firebirth*)
* Dutch - *Top Secret*
* Hebrew - *מלאך: הגיוס* (*Angel: The Recruitment*)
* Turkish - *Çaylak* (*The Novice*)

## Adaptations

### Graphic novel

The Recruit: The Graphic Novel
| Author | Ian Edginton |
| --- | --- |
| Illustrator | John Aggs |
| Published | 2012 (Hodder) |
| Media type | Print (paper back) |
| ISBN | 978-1444903188 |

A graphic novel adaption of the book, adapted by Ian Edginton and illustrated by John Aggs, was released on 4 August 2012 by Hodder Children's Books.

### Audio book

A 3-CD audiobook was released in the UK on 21 September 2006, read by Julian Rhind-Tutt.

## Critical reception

*The Recruit* received generally good reviews, and was nominated for eight awards, seven of which it won. The Sunday Express described the book as "punchy, exciting, glamorous and, what's more, you'll completely wish it was true".

## Awards

| Award | Category | Year | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Red House Children's Book Award | Older readers | 2005 | Winner |
| Bolton Children's Book Award |  | 2005 | Winner |
| Medway Children's Book Award |  | 2005 | Winner |
| Bishop Luffa Children's Book Award |  | 2005 | Winner |
| Salford Children's Book Award |  | 2005 | Winner |
| Doncaster Children's Book Award |  | 2005 | Runner up |
| Sakura Medal |  | 2007 | Winner |
| Richard and Judy Best Kids' Books | Fluent 12+ | 2007 | Winner |
| Kingston Young Readers Award |  | 2007 | Winner |

## InfoBox

The Recruit
| First edition (UK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert Muchamore |
| Cover artist | David McDougal |
| Language | English |
| Series | CHERUB |
| Genre |  |
| Published |  |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 342 |
| ISBN | 0-340-88153-4 |
| OCLC | 61439287 |
| Followed by | *Class A* |


title: Five Guys Named Moe (song)

abstract: "Five Guys Named Moe" is a song written by Jerry Bresler and Larry Wynn, performed by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five, recorded in January 1942, and released on the Decca label. The song peaked at No. 3 on Billboard's race record chart and stayed on the chart for 10 weeks. A musical theatre production featuring the music of Louis Jordan was staged in London and New York in the early 1990s under the title Five Guys Named Moe.

text:
# Five Guys Named Moe (song)

"**Five Guys Named Moe**" is a song written by Jerry Bresler and Larry Wynn, performed by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five, recorded in January 1942, and released on the Decca label (catalog no. 8653). The song peaked at No. 3 on *Billboard*'s race record chart and stayed on the chart for 10 weeks.

A musical theatre production featuring the music of Louis Jordan was staged in London and New York in the early 1990s under the title *Five Guys Named Moe*.

## InfoBox

| "Five Guys Named Moe" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five | |
| Released | 1943 |
| Label | Decca |
| Songwriter(s) | Jerry Bresler, Larry Wynn |