title: Nemapogon quercicolella

abstract: Nemapogon quercicolella is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in Eastern Europe. The moth flies in June depending on the location. The larvae feed on mushrooms and fungus.

text:
# Nemapogon quercicolella

***Nemapogon quercicolella*** is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in Eastern Europe.

The moth flies in June depending on the location.

The larvae feed on mushrooms and fungus.

Media related to Nemapogon quercicolella at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Nemapogon quercicolella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | *Nemapogon* |
| Species: | ***N. quercicolella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nemapogon quercicolella***<br>(Zeller, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tinea quercicolella* Zeller, 1852 | |


title: Venice Vanguard

abstract: The Venice Vanguard was a newspaper circulated in Venice, California, beginning in 1907. By 1984 it had become a "throwaway shopper."

text:
# Venice Vanguard

The ***Venice Vanguard*** was a newspaper circulated in Venice, California, beginning in 1907. By 1984 it had become a "throwaway shopper."

## History

The paper was founded by William A. Rennie, Venice's justice of the peace (Ballona Township) and city recorder. Its first issue on June 17, 1907, was a four-page paper, each page measuring 9 by 12 inches, "the editor first writing the news, then setting the type, finally 'kicking it off' on the old press, and lastly, distributing the papers."

By 1908, the business "had assumed such proportions that an addition of 30x20 feet was added to the building, a pony power press installed, a lot of new type put in, and the paper enlarged to a five-column folio."

Rennie's sons, Robert H. Rennie and Walter W. Rennie, joined the firm in January 1910. The paper was owned by the Santa Monica Outlook Company in 1911.

On July 19, 1913, the *Vanguard* printed ten thousand copies of "the largest newspaper ever published by any Southern California beach city," to mark its sixth anniversary. The "prosperity edition," as it was called, amounted to 56 pages in seven parts.

A building permit was issued on August 27, 1913, to W.A. Rennie & Sons for the construction of a one-story, red-pressed brick building at Mildred Avenue and Strongs Drive to house the newspaper's offices.

In 1920, the newspaper was sold to George Tompkins of Imperial Valley, California. Tompkins sold the company to F.W. Kellogg and Edward A. Dickson in 1922. Edward S. Kellogg was to be business manager and Fenne H. Webb was to continue as city editor.

A statement by the new owners said that Venice should seek annexation to Los Angeles "only as an absolute necessity, which does not exist today and which cannot exist for several years," perhaps "if there is no possibility of securing an adequate water supply for Venice, Ocean Park, and Santa Monica." The new owners pledged the paper to support the opening and widening of Main Street and of Trolleyway; the acquisition of the Santa Monica beaches by the city, and the building of a yacht harbor.

In the early 1920s, C.H. Garrigues was the editor. In 1925 the newspaper was known as the *Venice Vanguard-Herald.* John B. Daniell was publisher, first mentioned in 1926 and as "former publisher" in 1931.

The newspaper became a daily before World War II but reverted to a weekly in 1941, yet by 1949 the newspaper had again become a daily known as the *Venice Evening Vanguard*. The James S. Copley organization had purchased the newspaper in 1928, then sold it in 1969 to Edwin W. Dean Jr., publisher of the *Inglewood Daily News*.

In 1906, the newspaper published an article, later termed an "allegory," a take-off of Charles Dickens' *A Tale of Two Cities,* and meant to be amusing, which mentioned Abbot Kinney, the founder of Venice, and W.H. Anderson. A court held the reference to be libelous but levied only a small sum, $750, as recompense, to be paid by Kinney to Anderson. More than a hundred thousand dollars had been sought in the five suits filed. The trial was a lengthy one, but the jury deliberated for only sixteen minutes.

## InfoBox

Venice Vanguard
| Illustration of *Venice Vanguard* offices from 1920 newspaper masthead | |
| --- | --- |


title: Mleiha Archaeological Centre

abstract: Meliha Archaeological Centre is a visitor centre and exhibition based around the history and archaeology of the areas surrounding the village of Mleiha in Sharjah, the United Arab Emirates. Built around a preserved Umm Al Nar era tomb, the centre details the excavations and discoveries made over the past 40 years at Mleiha and surrounding areas, particularly the important Faya North East find, which provides evidence that 'anatomically modern humans' were in the Mleiha area between 130,000 and 120,000 years ago. These finds point to the spread of humanity from Africa across the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf region, and onward to populate the world through Iran, India, Europe and Asia. The centre was opened on 24 January 2016 by the Ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan Bin Muhammad Al Qasimi. The multi-phase eco-tourism development is intended in future to comprise accommodation, a campsite and an astronomical observatory, with a total investment of some UAE Dhs 250 million. It will also include the development of a 450 km desert park. The centre was developed by the Sharjah Investment and Development Authority (Shurooq).

text:
# Mleiha Archaeological Centre

25°7′34.95″N 55°51′27.17″E / 25.1263750°N 55.8575472°E / 25.1263750; 55.8575472

**Meliha Archaeological Centre** is a visitor centre and exhibition based around the history and archaeology of the areas surrounding the village of Mleiha in Sharjah, the United Arab Emirates. Built around a preserved Umm Al Nar era tomb, the centre details the excavations and discoveries made over the past 40 years at Mleiha and surrounding areas (including Al Thuqeibah, Jebel Faya, Al Madam and Jebel Buhais), particularly the important Faya North East find, which provides evidence that 'anatomically modern humans' were in the Mleiha area between 130,000 and 120,000 years ago. These finds point to the spread of humanity from Africa across the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf region, and onward to populate the world through Iran, India, Europe and Asia.

The centre was opened on 24 January 2016 by the Ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan Bin Muhammad Al Qasimi. The multi-phase eco-tourism development is intended in future to comprise accommodation, a campsite and an astronomical observatory, with a total investment of some UAE Dhs 250 million. It will also include the development of a 450 km desert park. The centre was developed by the Sharjah Investment and Development Authority (Shurooq).

## History of Mleiha

The widespread archaeological evidence unearthed throughout the Mleiha area dates back as far as the Palaeolithic period, some 130,000 years ago. This would place the habitation of the area firmly within the time when it is thought anatomically modern human communities first left Africa and started to expand globally.

Later, as the last Ice Age gave way warmer climates, graveyards and adjacent settlements have been found which point to Neolithic communities who lived there from 11,000 years ago, with finds of tools at the location consistent with the Neolithic Ubaid or Arabian Bifacial tradition of 5,000-3,100 BCE. Civilization evolved during the succeeding Bronze Age from 3,000 BCE onwards, with elaborate communal tombs found at Mleiha, including the Umm Al Nar tomb, a feature is notable by its absence at the nearby necropolis of Jebel Buhais which otherwise represents uninterrupted evidence of human burial throughout the known periods of human settlement in the area.

The centuries that followed witnessed the introduction of the underground *falaj* irrigation system and the cultivation of dates and other cereal crops.

### The Mleiha period

An extensive fortified compound, 'Mleiha Fort', nearby the site of the present archaeological center, was discovered in the late 1990s and is thought to have been possibly the seat of an ancient South Arabian kingdom dating back to 300 BCE.

The period from 300–0 BCE has been dubbed both the Mleiha period and the Late Pre-Islamic period, and follows on from the dissolution of Darius III's Persian empire. Although the era has been called Hellenistic, Alexander the Great's conquests went no further than Persia and he left Arabia untouched.

Mleiha is strongly linked to the Ancient Near Eastern city of Ed-Dur on the UAE's west coast. Macedonian-style coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to Alexander the Great. Hundreds of coins were found both there and at Mleiha featuring a head of Heracles and a seated Zeus on the obverse, and bearing the name of *Abi'el* in Aramaic. These coins match moulds found at Mleiha which, together with finds of slag at the site, suggests the existence of a metallurgical centre. Contemporary Greek manuscripts have given the exports from Ed-Dur as 'pearls, purple dye, clothing, wine, gold and slaves, and a great quantity of dates' and there is a strong history of trade between the coast and the interior. Similarities in burial rituals — of laying animals to rest with their owners — and vessels, decorations and small bronze snake figures have also been unearthed. Camels buried with their heads reversed are a common feature of both the animal burials at Ed-Dur and inland Mleiha.

A trove of some 409 Hellenistic era coins was unearthed, stored in a clay pot, at Mleiha in February 2021. The nine-kilo find was described as 'hugely significant'.

Mleiha represents the most complete evidence of human settlement and community from the post-Iron Age era in the UAE. A thriving agrarian community benefited from the protection of the Mleiha Fort. It was here, and during this period, that the most complete evidence of early iron usage in the UAE has been found, including nails, long swords and arrowheads as well as evidence of slag from smelting.

## Visitor facilities and lodge

Visitor facilities at the archaeological centre include the Bystro Café, a gift shop and a range of guided excursions.

Tours are offered from the Centre to nearby attractions, including the popular 'Fossil Rock', or Jebel Mleiha. A range of horse-riding activities target beginners as well as advanced riders. The centre has an education outreach program and also offers discovery packages for families, as well as hosting groups and corporate events.

Currently under development at the centre site, the Al Faya Lodge is a small collection of luxury hotel rooms with a café, pool and spa, based around outbuildings first constructed in the 1960s. The Lodge forms part of 'The Sharjah Collection', a range of boutique hospitality locations managed by Mantis Hotels, a joint venture between Shurooq and Mantis Hospitality.

One of a number of innovations being deployed to maintain the eco-tourism aspect of the centre is 'spray on roads'.

The centre is open to the public weekdays from 9am-7pm and weekends (Thursday, Friday) from 9am-9pm.


title: Ocean Eyes Tour

abstract: The Ocean Eyes Tour is the first headlining concert tour by American electronica project Owl City, in support of his second studio album, Ocean Eyes (2009).

text:
# Ocean Eyes Tour

The **Ocean Eyes Tour** is the first headlining concert tour by American electronica project Owl City, in support of his second studio album, *Ocean Eyes* (2009).

## Background

Owl City released his second studio album, *Ocean Eyes* on July 14, 2009. In October 2009, Owl City announced the Ocean Eyes Tour. The first leg of the tour took place in the United States starting on January 20 to February 14, with Lights and Deas Vail serving as the opening acts. Owl City then toured across Europe for the second leg of the tour from February to March 2010, with Lights joining him again. Once the second leg of the tour finished, he joined Cobra Starship as the opening act on their Australian and New Zealand tour.

Owl City returned to North America for the third leg of the tour from March to May 2010. He later toured across Europe in May 2010 for four shows on the fourth leg of the tour. Owl City returned to North America for a third time on the fifth leg of the tour from August to October 2010. On the sixth leg, he travelled to Asia for three shows in November 2010. He concluded the tour in Oceania that same month.

## Reception

### Critical response

The Ocean Eyes Tour was met with mixed to positive feedback by critics. Scott Fryberger of Jesus Freak Hideout gave a positive response with the show at the McCain Auditorium. He wrote, "I was very impressed at Owl City's professionalism and enthusiasm. Though I didn't expect the group to not give their all, as they come off as really friendly and loving, it was refreshing to see that they gave it 100%." The show at the Beaumont Club was met with mixed responses. Timothy Finn of *Spin* praised his live band writing, "thanks in large part to his band, which gave some of his songs a harder edge, and to one of his keyboard players, a woman who laid down some lovely harmonies." Elke Mermis of *The Pitch* wrote, "Owl City played an unarguably tight, well-executed set." However, Mermis criticized Young's stage presence stating, "Young looked like, well, a kid in his southern Minnesota basement, pretending to be a rock star." *The Columbus Dispatch* noted that, "Owl City and his band put on a very entertaining show," writing on the concert at Newport Music Hall.

Mikael Wood of the *Los Angeles Times* gave a mixed feedback of the concert at the Club Nokia. He praised the first half of the show noting, "The music was giddy and easy to follow but impressively detailed as well, with shifting layers of acoustic and electronic instruments. The technique worked in the background, though; like Owl City's music, this portion of the concert presented a slightly heightened rendition of reality." However, he was critical on the last half of the concert feeling that, "Young has already tired of the puppy-love juvenilia on *Ocean Eyes*." Similarly, Teresa Jue of the *Daily Bruin* gave a mixed response for the concert stating, "Owl City's keyboard medleys were catchy... The ultimate problem though, was that many of Owl City's songs are rather repetitive, making for similar rhythms and instrumental qualities that were at times indistinguishable from each other." Writing on the concert at the Ogden Theatre, *The Denver Post* gave a positive response noting, "Every song during the first half of the set was a fun, poppy, sometimes toe-tapping three-minute adventure with eclectic storytelling lyrics that ranged from a trip to the dentist to a walk through corn fields." Another positive review came from Caroline Sullivan of *The Guardian* writing on the concert at Shepherd's Bush Empire. She wrote, "There isn't much variety to his song structures, which incline toward straightforward pop-rock, but there are little surprises tacked on: the xylophone tinkles that herald 'Air Traffic', an oddly erotic introduction to 'Cave In', in which the string duo down instruments and cavort around a drum, like violin-playing sprites."

### Commercial performance

The first few shows of the tour sold well as the McCain Auditorium concert reportedly sold out. The show at the Beaumont Club also sold out to a crowd of 1,200 people. The Club Nokia show were just shy of 4,000 people in attendance. The concert at the Aragon Ballroom also had a sold out crowd. In the UK, the show at Shepherd's Bush Empire also had a sold out crowd.

## Opening acts

## Setlist

This set list is representative of the performance on January 20, 2010, at McCain Auditorium in Manhattan, Kansas. It does not represent the set list at all concerts for the duration of the tour.

1. "Umbrella Beach"
2. "The Bird and the Worm"
3. "Tip of the Iceberg"
4. "On the Wing"
5. "Air Traffic"
6. "Fireflies"
7. "Meteor Shower"
8. "The Technicolor Phase"
9. "The Saltwater Room"
10. "Dental Care"
11. "Hot Air Balloon"
12. "Cave In"
13. "Vanilla Twilight"
14. "Hello Seattle"

## Tour dates

| Date | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North America | | | |
| January 19, 2010 | Omaha | United States | University of Nebraska |
| January 20, 2010 | Manhattan | | McCain Auditorium |
| January 21, 2010 | Kansas City | | Beaumont Club |
| January 22, 2010 | Oklahoma City | | Diamond Ballroom |
| January 24, 2010 | Indianapolis | | Murat Center |
| January 26, 2010 | Madison | | Majestic Theatre |
| January 27, 2010 | Cincinnati | | 20th Century Theatre |
| January 28, 2010 | Columbus | | Newport Music Hall |
| January 29, 2010 | Towson | | Recher Theatre |
| January 30, 2010 | Norfolk | | The NorVa |
| February 1, 2010 | Charleston | | Music Farm |
| February 2, 2010 | Jacksonville | | Freebird Live |
| February 3, 2010 | St. Petersburg | | State Theatre |
| February 4, 2010 | Fort Lauderdale | | Culture Room |
| February 5, 2010 | Orlando | | House of Blues |
| February 6, 2010 | Athens | | The Melting Point |
| February 8, 2010 | Birmingham | | WorkPlay Theatre |
| February 9, 2010 | Baton Rouge | | Varsity Theatre |
| February 10, 2010 | Little Rock | | The Revolution |
| February 11, 2010 | Valparaiso | | Valparaiso University |
| February 12, 2010 | Indiana | | Indiana University of Pennsylvania |
| February 13, 2010 | Grantham | | Messiah University |
| February 14, 2010 | Baltimore | | University of Maryland |
| Europe | | | |
| February 17, 2010 | Brighton | United Kingdom | Komedia |
| February 18, 2010 | London | | Electric Ballroom |
| February 19, 2010 | Oxford | | O2 Academy |
| February 20, 2010 | Newcastle upon Tyne | | O2 Academy |
| February 21, 2010 | Birmingham | | O2 Academy |
| February 22, 2010 | Manchester | | Manchester Academy |
| February 24, 2010 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | Melkweg |
| February 25, 2010 | Brussels | Belgium | Le Botanique |
| February 26, 2010 | Paris | France | Le Nouveau Casino |
| February 27, 2010 | Cologne | Germany | Gloria Theater |
| February 28, 2010 | Munich | | 59:1 |
| March 1, 2010 | Berlin | | Magnet Club |
| March 2, 2010 | Copenhagen | Denmark | Amager Bio |
| North America | | | |
| March 30, 2010 | Boise | United States | Knitting Factory |
| March 31, 2010 | Spokane | | |
| April 1, 2010 | Seattle | | Paramount Theater |
| April 2, 2010 | Vancouver | Canada | The Centre |
| April 3, 2010 | Portland | United States | Roseland Theater |
| April 5, 2010 | San Francisco | | The Fillmore |
| April 6, 2010 | | |
| April 7, 2010 | Pomona | | Fox Theater |
| April 8, 2010 | San Diego | | Soma |
| April 9, 2010 | Los Angeles | | Club Nokia |
| April 10, 2010 | Phoenix | | Marquee Theatre |
| April 12, 2010 | Magna | | The Great Saltair |
| April 13, 2010 | Denver | | Ogden Theatre |
| April 14, 2010 | Tulsa | | Reynolds Center |
| April 15, 2010 | Austin | | Stubb's BBQ |
| April 16, 2010 | Houston | | Verizon Theatre |
| April 17, 2010 | Dallas | | Nokia Theatre |
| April 19, 2010 | Nashville | | War Memorial |
| April 20, 2010 | Atlanta | | The Tabernacle |
| April 22, 2010 | Washington, D.C. | | DAR Constitution Hall |
| April 23, 2010 | Boston | | House of Blues |
| April 24, 2010 | New York City | | Terminal 5 |
| April 25, 2010 | Philadelphia | | Electric Factory |
| April 27, 2010 | Toronto | Canada | Sound Academy |
| April 28, 2010 | Cleveland | United States | House of Blues |
| April 29, 2010 | Royal Oak | | Royal Oak Music Theatre |
| April 30, 2010 | Chicago | | Aragon Ballroom |
| May 1, 2010 | Minneapolis | | State Theatre |
| May 2, 2010 | Milwaukee | | Eagles Ballroom |
| May 4, 2010 | Des Moines | | Val Air Ballroom |
| May 5, 2010 | St. Louis | | The Pageant |
| Europe | | | |
| May 8, 2010 | Glasgow | United Kingdom | Barrowlands |
| May 9, 2010 | London | | O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire |
| May 11, 2010 | Paris | France | Élysée Montmartre |
| May 12, 2010 | Cologne | Germany | E-Werk |
| North America | | | |
| August 4, 2010 | Toronto | Canada | Molson Amphitheater |
| August 5, 2010 | Clarkston | United States | DTE Energy Music Theater |
| August 6, 2010 | Noblesville | | Verizon Wireless Music Center |
| August 7, 2010 | Canandaigua | | CMAC |
| August 9, 2010 | Mansfield | | Comcast Center |
| August 11, 2010 | Wantagh | | Nikon at Jones Beach Theater |
| August 13, 2010 | Bristow | | Jiffy Lube Live |
| August 14, 2010 | Camden | | Susquehanna Bank Center |
| August 15, 2010 | Holmdel | | PNC Bank Arts Center |
| August 18, 2010 | Phoenix | | Cricket Wireless Pavilion |
| August 20, 2010 | Mountain View | | Shoreline Amphitheatre |
| August 21, 2010 | Wheatland | | Sleep Train Amphitheatre |
| August 22, 2010 | Los Angeles | | Hollywood Bowl |
| August 24, 2010 | Irvine | | Verizon Wireless Amphitheater |
| August 25, 2010 | Chula Vista | | Cricket Wireless Amphitheatre |
| August 28, 2010 | Honolulu | | Pipeline Cafe |
| August 31, 2010 | Salt Lake City | | USANA Amphitheatre |
| September 1, 2010 | Morrison | | Red Rocks Amphitheatre |
| September 4, 2010 | Dallas | | SuperPages.com Center |
| September 5, 2010 | The Woodlands | | Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion |
| September 6, 2010 | Orange Beach | | The Wharf Amphitheater |
| September 8, 2010 | Atlanta | | Aaron's Amphitheatre at Lakewood |
| September 10, 2010 | Tampa | | Ford Amphitheatre |
| September 11, 2010 | West Palm Beach | | Cruzan Amphitheater |
| September 18, 2010 | West Springfield | | The Eastern States Exposition |
| October 31, 2010 | Owatonna | | Owatonna Senior High School |
| Asia | | | |
| November 4, 2010 | Osaka | Japan | Big Cat |
| November 5, 2010 | Nagoya | | Club Quattro |
| November 6, 2010 | Tokyo | | Shibuya AX |
| Oceania | | | |
| November 9, 2010 | Sydney | Australia | Enmore |
| November 10, 2010 | Melbourne | | Palais Theatre |
| November 11, 2010 | Brisbane | | The Tivoli |
| November 13, 2010 | Auckland | New Zealand | The Powerstation |

## InfoBox

Ocean Eyes Tour
| Tour by Owl City | |
| --- | --- |
| Associated album | *Ocean Eyes* |
| Start date | January 19, 2010 (2010-01-19) |
| End date | November 13, 2010 (2010-11-13) |
| Legs | 7 |
| No. of shows | 104 |
| Owl City concert chronology | |


title: Saint-Chamond Basket

abstract: Saint-Chamond Basket is a professional basketball club based in Saint-Chamond, France. The team currently plays in the Pro B, the second highest professional division in France. The team plays its home games at the Halle André Boulloche, which has a capacity of 1,300 people.

text:
# Saint-Chamond Basket

**Saint-Chamond Basket** is a professional basketball club based in Saint-Chamond, France. The team currently plays in the Pro B, the second highest professional division in France. The team plays its home games at the Halle André Boulloche, which has a capacity of 1,300 people.

## Players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

| Criteria |
| --- |
| **To appear in this section a player must have either:**
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club * Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time * Played at least one official NBA match at any time. |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Chamond | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leagues | Pro B |
| Founded | 1973 (1973) |
| History | **Saint-Chamond Basket**
(1973–present) |
| Arena | Halle André Boulloche |
| Capacity | 1,300 |
| Location | Saint-Chamond, France |
| President | Roger Paour |
| Head coach | Alain Thinet |
| Website | www.saint-chamond-basket.com |


title: Håvard Gimse

abstract: Håvard Gimse is a Norwegian classical pianist from Kongsvinger, and the brother of the cellist Øyvind Gimse. He has received the Griegprisen (1996) and the Steinway Award (1995). Gimse has done several recordings for Naim Audio, Naxos Records, Sony Classical Records, Chandos Records and Simax.

text:
# Håvard Gimse

**Håvard Gimse** (born 15 September 1966) is a Norwegian classical pianist from Kongsvinger, and the brother of the cellist Øyvind Gimse. He has received the Griegprisen (1996) and the Steinway Award (1995). Gimse has done several recordings for Naim Audio, Naxos Records, Sony Classical Records, Chandos Records and Simax.

## Career

Gimse is described as one of Norway's leading musicians, with a bold and expansive repertoire, and an impressive list of 30 performed piano concertos. He is much sought after as a concert pianist, as well as an accompanist for many of Scandinavia's finest artists.

After earning his diploma at the Hochschule der Künste Berlin in 1995 (Leygraf), he continued his studies with the revered piano professor Jiri Hlinka in Norway.

He is the recipient of 1st Prize in the *Jugend Musiziert* Competition from 1987, and since then has been awarded many of Norway and Scandinavia's most prestigious awards, including the Steinway Award in 1995, the Grieg Award (1996), the Gammleng Award (2001), and the Sibelius Award in 2004. Gimse won the Norwegian Music Critics Award for his performances of all of Beethoven's Cello Sonatas with Truls Mørk at the Bergen International Festival in 2011.

## Honors

| Year | Country | Award |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | Norway | Princess Astrid Music Award |
| 1987 | Germany | 1st prize in the European Piano Competition *Jugend Musiziert* |
| 1995 | Germany | Steinway Award |
| 1996 | Norway | Griegprisen |
| 2001 | Norway | Gammleng-prisen |
| 2004 | Norway | Sibeliusprisen |

## Discography

* 1986: *Musikk i Asker – F. Liszt: Sonata, F.Chopin: Ballade& Fantasy* (Asker Kulturkontor MA1001)
* 1992: *Music in a Nordic summer Night* (Victoria VCD19052), with Stig Nilsson (violin)
* 1992: *Sanger av Edvard Grieg* (Norsk plateproduksjon IDCD29), with Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz (soprano)
* 1994: *Grieg: Cello Sonata Op.36, Piano sonata Op. 7, Intermezzo* (Naxos 8550878), with Øystein Birkeland (cello)
* 1997: *Vieuxtemps/Franck: Music for Viola* (Simax PSC1126), with Lars Anders Tomter (viola)
* 1998: *Mozart: Sinfonia Concertante, K364/Piano Concerto, K365* (Chandos CHAN9695), with Iona Brown (violin), Lars Anders Tomter (viola), Vebjørn Anvik (klaver) & Det Norske Kammerorkester
* 1998: *Geirr Tveitt: Piano Music vol. 2* (Marco Polo 8225056)
* 1998: *Geirr Tveitt: Piano Music vol. 1* (Marco Polo 8225055)
* 1998: *Franske mirakler* (Kirkelig Kulturverksted FXCD201), with Aage Kvalbein (cello)
* 1999: *Sibelius: Piano Music Vol. 1* (Naxos 8553899)
* 1999: *Italienske mirakler* (Kirkelig Kulturverksted FXCD216), with Aage Kvalbein (cello), Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz (soprano), Rolf Lislevand (lute instruments) & Henning Sommerro (accordion)
* 2000: *Grieg: Samlede fiolinsonater* (Sony Classical SK 89085), with Arve Tellefsen (violin)
* 2000: *Mozart, Faurè, Prokofiev, Lutoslawski* (Simax PSC1210), with Marianne Thorsen (violin)
* 2000: *Martinu, Kabalevsky: Sonatas & Variations for Cello and Piano* (Simax PSC1146), with Øystein Birkeland (cello)
* 2000: *Chopin: Scherzi and Preludes* (Naim NAIMCD028)
* 2000: *Sibelius: Piano Music Vol. 2* (Naxos 8554808)
* 2001: *Geirr Tveitt: Piano Concertos Nos 1 & 5* (Naxos 8555077), with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra/Bjarte Engeset
* 2001: *Sibelius: Piano Music Vol. 3* (Naxos 8554814)
* 2001: *Spanske mirakler* (Kirkelig Kulturverksted FXCD241), with Aage Kvalbein (cello), Rolf Lislevand (guitar & theorbe) & Henning Sommerro (organ)
* 2001: *Hindemith: The Four Temperaments* (Intim Musik IMCD 068), with Kristiansand Kammerorkester / Jan Stigmer
* 2001: *Carl Nielsen: Works for solo Violin and Violin and Piano* (Afontibus ATB-CD 3), with Geir Inge Lotsberg (violin)
* 2002: *Grieg: Cello Sonata Op.36, String Quartet Op.27* (Virgin Classics 5455052), with Truls Mørk (cello), Sølve Sigerland (violin 1), Atle Sponberg (violin 2) & Lars Anders Tomter (viola)
* 2002: *Geirr Tveitt: Pianoconcerto 4 & Variations for two pianos and orchestra* (Naxos 8555761), with Gunilla Süssmann (klaver) Royal Scottish National Orchestra/Bjarte Engeset
* 2002: *Grieg: Folk Songs, Dances* (Naim NAIMCD059)
* 2003: *Sibelius: Piano Music Vol. 4* (Naxos 8555363)
* 2003: *T. Tellefsen – F. Chopin* (Sonor Records SONCD9004), with Øyvind Gimse (cello)
* 2004: *Sibelius: Piano Music Vol. 5 (Piano Miniatures)* (Naxos 8555853)
* 2004: *D. Shostakovitch: Music for Viola and piano* (Somm SOMMCD030), with Lars Anders Tomter (viola)
* 2004: *Grieg: Piano Concerto a minor* (Naxos 8557279), with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra/Bjarte Engeset
* 2004: *Sibelius: Songs* (Simax PSC1240), with Randi Stene (mezzosopran)
* 2005: *Ole Bull – a Norwegian Pioneer* (Simax PSC1261), with Arve Tellefsen (violin) & Trondheim Symphony Orchestra/Eivind Aadland
* 2006: *Piano Works by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven* (Naim NAIMCD089)
* 2006: *Elk Sonata* (Nordic Sounds NOSCD1967), with Lars Anders Tomter (viola)
* 2007: *Klaus Egge – Piano Concerto No. 2* (Naxos 8557834), with Trondheim Soloists & Øyvind Gimse
* 2008: *David Monrad Johansen, Johan Kvandal – Piano Concertos, Pan* (Simax PSC1234), with Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Christian Eggen & Ole Kristian Ruud
* 2008: *Béla Bártok: Works for Violin* (Simax PSC1174), with Elise Båtnes (violin)
* 2013: *Arvesylv. Works by Tveitt, Sæverud and Mørk Karlsen* (Fabra FBRCD-10)

## InfoBox

| Håvard Gimse | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1966-09-15) 15 September 1966<br>Kongsvinger, Hedmark, Norway |
| Genres | Classical |
| Occupation | Pianist |
| Instrument | Piano |
| Labels | Naxos, Simax, Virgin Records |


title: Indiana Harbor (East Chicago)

abstract: Indiana Harbor or The Harbor is the portion of East Chicago, Indiana, located east of the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, as opposed to "East Chicago proper" which is located west of the canal. It contains several distinct neighborhoods, including New Addition, Sunnyside, and North Harbor. The Calumet neighborhood is west of the Canal but sometimes considered distinct from "Indiana Harbor proper". Although Indiana Harbor has never been a separate town, it has often been referred to as one since its establishment in 1901. Historically, Indiana Harbor was more working-class than East Chicago proper, with a population dominated by workers at Inland Steel and related plants. Rivalries between Indiana Harbor and the rest of East Chicago are common. Mexican-American settlement in Indiana Harbor began during the steel strike of 1919. By 1928, Indiana Harbor was home to one of the largest Mexican-American communities in the Midwest. The neighborhood has retained a substantial Mexican population, and hosts an annual Mexican Independence Day parade. Historic structures in the neighborhood include the Indiana Harbor Public Library, a Carnegie library which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The main East Chicago Public Library is also located in Indiana Harbor. Notable people from Indiana Harbor include federal judge Gonzalo Curiel.

text:
# Indiana Harbor (East Chicago)

**Indiana Harbor** or **The Harbor** is the portion of East Chicago, Indiana, located east of the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, as opposed to "East Chicago proper" which is located west of the canal. It contains several distinct neighborhoods, including New Addition, Sunnyside, and North Harbor. The Calumet neighborhood is west of the Canal but sometimes considered distinct from "Indiana Harbor proper".

Although Indiana Harbor has never been a separate town, it has often been referred to as one since its establishment in 1901. Historically, Indiana Harbor was more working-class than East Chicago proper, with a population dominated by workers at Inland Steel and related plants. Rivalries between Indiana Harbor and the rest of East Chicago are common.

Mexican-American settlement in Indiana Harbor began during the steel strike of 1919. By 1928, Indiana Harbor was home to one of the largest Mexican-American communities in the Midwest. The neighborhood has retained a substantial Mexican population, and hosts an annual Mexican Independence Day parade.

Historic structures in the neighborhood include the Indiana Harbor Public Library, a Carnegie library which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The main East Chicago Public Library is also located in Indiana Harbor.

Notable people from Indiana Harbor include federal judge Gonzalo Curiel.

## InfoBox

| Indiana Harbor | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Coordinates: 41°39′N 87°27′W / 41.650°N 87.450°W / 41.650; -87.450 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Lake County |
| City | East Chicago |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 46312 |
| Area code | 219 |


title: Industrial augmented reality

abstract: Industrial augmented reality (IAR) is related to the application of augmented reality (AR) and heads-up displays to support an industrial process. The use of IAR dates back to the 1990s with the work of Thomas Caudell and David Mizell about the application of AR at Boeing. Since then several applications of this technique over the years have been proposed showing its potential in supporting some industrial processes. Although there have been several advances in technology, IAR is still considered to be at an infant developmental stage. Some challenging factors of IAR development are related to the necessary interdisciplinarity knowledge in areas such as object recognition, computer graphics, artificial intelligence and human-computer-interaction. Where a partial context understanding is required for the adaptation to unexpected conditions and understand the user's actions and intentions. Additionally user intuitive interfaces still remain a challenge likewise hardware improvements such as sensors and displays. Further, some controversy prevails about the boundaries that define IAR and its potential benefits for some activities with the currently available technology.

text:
# Industrial augmented reality

**Industrial augmented reality** (**IAR**) is related to the application of augmented reality (AR) and heads-up displays to support an industrial process. The use of IAR dates back to the 1990s with the work of Thomas Caudell and David Mizell about the application of AR at Boeing. Since then several applications of this technique over the years have been proposed showing its potential in supporting some industrial processes. Although there have been several advances in technology, IAR is still considered to be at an infant developmental stage.

Some challenging factors of IAR development are related to the necessary interdisciplinarity knowledge in areas such as object recognition, computer graphics, artificial intelligence and human-computer-interaction. Where a partial context understanding is required for the adaptation to unexpected conditions and understand the user's actions and intentions. Additionally user intuitive interfaces still remain a challenge likewise hardware improvements such as sensors and displays.

Further, some controversy prevails about the boundaries that define IAR and its potential benefits for some activities with the currently available technology.

## Technology

### Origins and history

Although the origins of augmented reality dates from the 1960s, when Ivan Sutherland created the first head-mounted display it did not gain strength until the early 1990s, when the David Mizell and Thomas Caudell developed the first industrial AR at Boeing. They used a head-mounted display (**HMD**) to superimpose a computer-generated diagram of the manufacturing process with a real-time world registration and the user's head position calculation. They coined the name *augmented reality* for this technology.

Contemporary several prototypes were proposed to demonstrate AR's application to manufacturing: a laser-printer maintenance application was proposed in 1993 by Steven K. Feiner and coauthors by introducing the concept of knowledge-based AR for maintenance assistance (KARMA). Whitaker Ross et al. proposed a system to display the name of the part pointed by the user in an engine.

By the 2000s, the interest in AR had grown considerably. Some important groups were funded: the largest consortium for IAR backed by the German's Federal Ministry of Education and Research (ARVIKA), with the aim of researching and implementing AR in relevant German industries,; the European Community founded several projects including Service and Training through (STAR), which is a collaboration between institutes and companies from Europe and the US, and Advanced Augmented Reality Technologies for Industrial Service Applications (ARTESAS) derived from ARVIKA, focused on the development of AR for automotive and aerospace maintenance. Likewise, from other countries such as Sweden, Australia and Japan with the aim of encourage the IAR development.

From the beginning of 2010 until today, advances in hardware devices such as the wearable Google Glass, the reduced cost of mobile devices, and the increasing user familiarity with this technology. Besides the increasing product-development complexity where products are becoming more versatile and intricate, with multiple variations and mass customization. Opened new scenarios for this technology.

### Overview

One of the most promising fields of AR application is industrial manufacturing, where it can be used to support some activities in product development and manufacturing through providing information available to reduce and simplify the user's decisions. The general issues of the development of an AR system can still be classified into:

#### Enabling technology

There are technologies needed to build AR systems. Some of them are directly related with the performance of the software and hardware that enable the deployment of AR, such as displays, sensors, processors, recognition, tracking, registration among others. Thus AR uses different approaches to integrate the virtual and real worlds, where several technologies influence the usability and applicability.

Some common unsolved issues concern tracking systems suited for industrial scenarios which mean: poorly textured objects with smooth surfaces and strong light variation; object recognition using natural features when it is not possible to use markers; the improvement of accuracy and latency of registration, and 3D context scene capture to allow context awareness.

#### User interaction

The limited understanding of human factors is likely to be obstructing the spreading of IAR beyond laboratories prototypes. Their study is challenged to overcome technological issues (deficiencies in resolution, field of view, brightness, contrast, tracking systems, among others) in order to separate the AR performance from interface factors and technological issues.

It was suggested by that for an IAR application to be successful in a commercial environment, it has to be "user friendly", meaning that it needs to be easy and safe to set up, learn, use and customize and the user should feel free to move with an AR system. As well as the use of natural interfaces in order to control AR by using natural movements of the body have also motivated a good deal of research. The reason for this is that the usability not only depends on the system's stability but also on the control interface's quality.

Further, the user interface should avoid overloading the user with information and prevent over relying on it in order to avoid losing important cues from the environment. Other issues are also related with improving multiple user collaboration

#### Social

It is the final challenge, given an ideal AR system (hardware, software and an intuitive interface) to be accepted and become a part of a user's daily life.

Consequently, one of the most important factors related with the adoption of any new technology is the perception of usefulness, and AR needs to show a clear cost-benefit relation. Some studies suggest that, in order for AR to be perceived as useful the task should be high enough to require its use.

Other non-addressed but important issues for technology acceptance are related with fashion, ethics, and privacy.

## Applications

### Assembly

Assembling is the process of putting together several separate components in order to create a functional one. It can be performed in different stages of the product's life. Even though nowadays many assembly operations are automated, some of them still require human assistance as, in many cases, their bits of information are detached from the equipment. Thus it is necessary to alternate their attention which leads to decreasing productivity and increasing of errors and injuries

The use of AR is encouraged by the premise that instructions might be easier to understand if instead of being available as manuals they are super imposed upon the actual equipment. Some of the uses of AR in the support of the assembly can be categorized into:

* Assembly guidance
* Assembly training
* Assembly simulation, design and planning

Similarly, by using AR it is possible to simulate the user's motion during assembly to acquire an accurate and realistic movement of virtual parts.

On the other hand, some of the critical issues of the support assembly task are related with the dynamic reconfiguration of the state diagram, which allows to automatically identify the step of assembly and also adapt to unexpected actions or errors of the user. Thus, defining 'what', 'where', and 'when' to display information becomes a challenge since it requires a minimum understanding of the surrounding scene.

### Maintenance and repair

Like assembly, maintenance serves as a natural application for AR because it requires keeping the user's attention on a specific area and the synthesis of additional information such as complex sequences, component identification, and textual data.

Furthermore, the efficiency and speed of maintenance processes can be improved through AR by quickly displaying relevant information about an unfamiliar piece of equipment to a technician. Similarly, AR can support maintenance tasks by acting as an "x-ray" like vision, or providing information from sensors directly to the user.

It can also be employed in repairing tasks. For instance, in the diagnosis of modern cars whose status information can be loaded via a plug-like connector. AR can be used to immediately display the diagnosis on the engine

### Training

Many industries are required to perform complex activities that needs previous training. Therefore, for learning a new skill, technicians need to be trained in sensorimotive and cognitive of sub-skills that can be challenging. This kind of training can be supported by AR.

Additionally, the possibility to use AR to motivate both trainees and students through enhancing the realism of practices has been suggested. By providing instructions with an AR, the immediate capability to perform the task can be also accomplished.

Other advantages of using AR for training are that students can interact with real objects and, at the same time, have access to guidance information, and the existence of tactile feedback provided by the interaction with real objects.

### Quality control and commissioning

By displaying information about the components of manufacturing in real time. For instance, Volkswagen has used it to verify parts by analyzing their interfering edges and variance. AR has also been used in automobile development to display and verify car components and ergonomic test in reality. By superimposing the original 3D model over the real surface, deviations can easily be identified, and therefore sources of error can be corrected.

### Monitoring and visualization

The use of AR have been proposed to interact with scientific data in shared environments, where it allows a 3D interaction with real objects compared to virtual reality, while allowing the user to move freely in the real world. Similar systems for allowing multiple user's with HMD can interact with dynamic visual simulations of engineering processes

In the same way, AR simulation of working machinery can be checked from mobile devices as well as other information such as temperature and, time of use, which can reduce worker's movements and stress.

## Controversy

The benefits of implementing AR into some industrial activities have been of a high interest. However, there is still a debate as the current level of the technology hides all of its potential.

It has been reported that, in maintenance and repair, the use of AR can reduce time to locate a task, head and neck movements, and also other disadvantages related to bulky, low resolution display hardware In addition, in training it aims to improve the performance up to 30% and, at the same time reduce costs by 25%.

Similar benefits have been reported by Juha Sääski et al. in the comparative use of AR versus paper instructions to support the assembly operation of the parts of a tractor's accessory power unit which showed a time and error reduction (six time less).

But, on the other hand, the long-term use has been reported to cause stress and strain to the user. Johannes Tümler et al. compared the stress and strain produced by picking parts from a rack using AR versus using paper as a reference, which showed as result a change of the strain that could be assumed by the non-optimal system.

Additionally, it has been suggested that one potential danger in use AR for training is the user dependability of this technology. As a consequence the user will not be able to perform the task without it. In order to overcome this situation, the information available during training needs to be controlled.

The boundaries that define IAR are still not clear. For instance, one of the most accepted definitions of AR implies that the virtual elements need to be registered. But in industrial field, performance is a main goal, and therefore has been an extensive research about the presentation of virtual components in AR regarding the type of the task. This research has shown that the optimal visual aid type may variate depending on the difficulty of the task.

Finally, it has been suggested that in order to have commercial IAR solutions, they must be:

* Robust and reproducible with accuracy.
* User friendly.
* Scalable beyond simple prototypes.


title: Walter Spink

abstract: Walter M. Spink was an American art historian who was best known for his extensive study of Buddhist art in India, particularly the Ajanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. About his work on the Ajanta caves, scholars have acknowledged that his ideas "revolutionized the history of the site". He was a professor of art history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

text:
# Walter Spink

**Walter M. Spink** (February 16, 1928 - November 23, 2019) was an American art historian who was best known for his extensive study of Buddhist art in India, particularly the Ajanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. About his work on the Ajanta caves, scholars have acknowledged that his ideas "revolutionized the history of the site". He was a professor of art history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

## Biography

Spink was born in Worcester, Massachusetts and went to Amherst College, where he studied philosophy and Western art history, graduating in 1949. He then went to Harvard University where he was drawn to Indian art, after being influenced by Benjamin Rowland, who was among the first Western art historians to explore Indian art. At Harvard, Spink received his MA and then PhD in 1954 on the "Rock Cut Monuments of the Andhra Period". From 1956 to 1961, he taught at Brandeis University, and thereafter joined University of Michigan, where he remained till his retirement in 2000.

### Work on Ajanta Caves

Spink's major contribution was to interpret the Ajanta Caves, a Buddhist complex of caves near Aurangabad, Maharashtra, that was carved between 2nd century BCE and 1st century CE. He started studying the complex in the 1950s, and analysed the caves for over four decades in almost 100 publications. The culmination of his research was the *Ajanta: History and Development* series published by Brill in Leiden, Netherlands.

## Books

* Spink, Walter M. (2005). *Ajanta, History and Development, Volume 1: The End of the Golden Age*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004205710.
* Spink, Walter M. (2006). *Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 2: Arguments about Ajanta*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15072-0.
* Spink, Walter M. (2005). *Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 3: The Arrival of the Uninvited*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-14833-8.
* Spink, Walter M. (2008). *Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 4: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture - Year by Year*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-14983-0.
* Spink, Walter M. (2006). *Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 5: Cave by Cave*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15644-9.
* Spink, Walter M. (2014). *Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 6: Defining Features*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-18015-4.
* Spink, Walter M. (2017). *Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 7: Bagh, Dandin, Cells and Cell Doorways*. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-31968-4.


title: Piz Nair (Sesvenna Alps)

abstract: Piz Nair is a mountain in the Sesvenna Alps, located north of the Fuorn Pass in the canton of Graubünden. The mountain is part of the Swiss National Park.

text:
# Piz Nair (Sesvenna Alps)

**Piz Nair** is a mountain in the Sesvenna Alps, located north of the Fuorn Pass in the canton of Graubünden.

The mountain is part of the Swiss National Park.

Media related to Piz Nair (Sesvenna group) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Piz Nair | |
| --- | --- |
| View from the south side | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,010 m (9,880 ft) |
| Prominence | 238 m (781 ft) |
| Parent peak | Piz Tavrü |
| Coordinates | 46°40′4.6″N 10°16′21.2″E / 46.667944°N 10.272556°E / 46.667944; 10.272556 |
| Geography | |
| Piz NairLocation in Switzerland | |
| Location | Graubünden, Switzerland |
| Parent range | Sesvenna Alps |


title: Nemognatha bifoveata

abstract: Nemognatha bifoveata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Nemognatha bifoveata

***Nemognatha bifoveata*** is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Nemognatha bifoveata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Tribe: | Nemognathini |
| Genus: | *Nemognatha* |
| Species: | ***N. bifoveata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nemognatha bifoveata***<br>Enns, 1956 | |
|


title: Venyukovioidea

abstract: Venyukovioidea is an infraorder of anomodont therapsids related to dicynodonts from the Permian of Russia. They have also been known as 'Venjukovioidea', as well as by the similar names 'Venyukoviamorpha' or 'Venjukoviamorpha' in literature. This in part owes to a misspelling by Russian palaeontologist Ivan Efremov in 1940 when he mistakenly spelt Venyukovia, the namesake of the group, with a 'j' instead of a 'y', which permeated through subsequent therapsid literature before the mistake was caught and corrected. The order Ulemicia has also been coined for a similar taxonomic concept in Russian scientific literature, which notably excludes Suminia and Parasuminia. Venyukovioidea includes the genera Venyukovia, Otsheria, Ulemica, Suminia and Parasuminia, all from Western Siberia. Historically, some of these genera have been placed in various families and subfamilies, including the Venyukoviidae/'Venjukoviidae', Otsheriidae, and Ulemiciidae. However, the internal lower-level relationships of the venyukovioids have not been fully resolved and so the utility and composition of these individual subgroups is unclear. Furthermore, although the group uses the '–oidea' suffix typical of superfamilies in Linnean taxonomy, it was originally coined as an infraorder by D. M. S. Watson and Alfred Romer in 1956. Venyukovioidea was later cladistically defined by palaeontologists Christian F. Kammerer and Kenneth D. Angielczyk in 2009 as all anomodonts closer to Venyukovia than to Galeops or Dicynodon, distinguishing its contents from other anomodonts regarded as either 'dromasaurs' or dicynodonts.

text:
# Venyukovioidea

**Venyukovioidea** is an infraorder of anomodont therapsids related to dicynodonts from the Permian of Russia. They have also been known as '**Venjukovioidea**', as well as by the similar names '**Venyukoviamorpha**' or '**Venjukoviamorpha**' in literature. This in part owes to a misspelling by Russian palaeontologist Ivan Efremov in 1940 when he mistakenly spelt *Venyukovia*, the namesake of the group, with a 'j' instead of a 'y' (i.e. '*Venjukovia*'), which permeated through subsequent therapsid literature before the mistake was caught and corrected. The order **Ulemicia** has also been coined for a similar taxonomic concept in Russian scientific literature, which notably excludes *Suminia* and *Parasuminia*.

Venyukovioidea includes the genera *Venyukovia*, *Otsheria*, *Ulemica*, *Suminia* and *Parasuminia*, all from Western Siberia. Historically, some of these genera have been placed in various families and subfamilies, including the **Venyukoviidae**/'**Venjukoviidae**', **Otsheriidae**, and **Ulemiciidae**. However, the internal lower-level relationships of the venyukovioids have not been fully resolved and so the utility and composition of these individual subgroups is unclear. Furthermore, although the group uses the '–oidea' suffix typical of superfamilies in Linnean taxonomy, it was originally coined as an infraorder by D. M. S. Watson and Alfred Romer in 1956. Venyukovioidea was later cladistically defined by palaeontologists Christian F. Kammerer and Kenneth D. Angielczyk in 2009 as all anomodonts closer to *Venyukovia* than to *Galeops* or *Dicynodon*, distinguishing its contents from other anomodonts regarded as either 'dromasaurs' or dicynodonts.

## Description

Venyukovioidea was named for *Venyukovia* (in turn, named for that fossil's discoverer, Russian geologist P.N. Venyukov). *Venyukovia* itself is known only from lower jaw fragments of a single individual, while *Otsheria* is only represented by a skull, *Ulemica* by its skull and lower jaws, and the fragmentary *Parasuminia* only by its jaw tips and part of the roof of the skull. Their skulls superficially resemble those of dicynodonts, with short snouts, large eyes and large temporal fenestrae, although by comparison they have relatively longer snouts and proportions resembling the basal anomodont *Biseridens* and (superficially) even dinocephalian therapsids. A curious feature of venyukovioids is that the pineal foramen (or "third eye") is surrounded by a raised "collar" or "chimney" of bone to varying degrees of development.

To date, the only known venyukovioid post-cranial remains belong to the derived *Suminia*. The comparatively long limbs and phalanges with opposable 'thumbs', as well as a long and potentially prehensile tail led to the suggestion that *Suminia* was adapted for grasping tree branches and lived an arboreal lifestyle.

Compared with other therapsids, venyukovioids are notable for their comparatively long tooth rows with large incisors and a lack of distinct canines. The arrangement of teeth was complex and varied greatly among them. Broadly, they had large and procumbent chisel-shaped incisors at the tips of both upper and lower jaws, while "post-canine" teeth are noticeably smaller, and could be bulbous with sharp tips (*Otsheria*), bluntly conical (*Ulemica*) for grinding, or leaf-shaped and serrated for shredding (*Suminia*). *Ulemica* is notable for the presence of a short, bulbous caniniform in the middle of its maxilla, much larger than the surrounding peg-like teeth, while the dentition of *Suminia* is claimed to represent the first evidence of efficient chewing in tetrapods. *Ulemica* has also been suggested to have had a partial horny covering on its lower jaw, based on the presence of pitting in the jaw bones and a shelf of bone lateral to the toothrow where the upper caniniform seemingly bit against.

A notable aspect of venyukovioids is that they have a very similar jaw structure to the dicynodonts. This includes a wide zygomatic arch that bows upwards, allowing for the attachment of large jaw adductor muscles both inside the temporal fenestra and another on the outside attached beneath the arch (the external lateral adductor). Such a muscle is otherwise only found in dicynodonts proper among anomodonts. There is even a bony shelf of bone on the sides of the lower jaw for these muscles to attach to, very similar to the jaw muscle arrangement of dicynodonts. The jaw joint is also relatively long in venyukovioids, permitting it to slide backwards in a palinal stroke. This is only incipiently present in genera such as *Ulemica*, but is very well-developed in *Suminia*, which exhibits extensive sliding of the jaw in parallel with dicynodonts. It was once thought this was a shared trait between them, indicative of a close common ancestry. However, the absence of such palinal chewing in other anomodonts potentially closer to dicynodonts (such as *Patranomodon*) and its incipient development in less-derived venyukovioids (*Ulemica*) implies this was an example of convergent evolution as a similar adaptation to herbivory.

## Classification and evolution

Venyukovioidea was historically regarded as one of two subdivisions of basal anomodonts along with the 'Dromasauria', with Venyukovioidea as a Laurasian group in the North and 'Dromasauria' as a southern radiation in Gondwana. Both groups were later suggested to be paraphyletic or even polyphyletic relative to each other and to dicynodonts, as proposed by Rubidge & Hopson in 1990, but phylogenetic studies have since borne out Venyukovioidea as a natural group after all ('dromasaurs' meanwhile appear to be genuinely polyphyletic). The cladogram below depicts an example of the paraphyletic interpretation of basal anomodont relationships from Rubidge and Hopson (1990), as modified by Rybczynski (2000) and with members of Venyukovioidea highlighted in green:

Although now consistently recognised as monophyletic and a genuine clade, the position of Venyukovioidea in the anomodont tree is not well settled. Initially, venyukovioids were thought to be the most "primitive" anomodonts, representing intermediate forms between derived dicynodonts and the dinocephalian form–as the two groups were sometimes thought to be closely related. As more early anomodonts were discovered at the end of the 20th century and computerised phylogenetic analyses were applied, Venyukovioidea were typically recovered as relatively more derived than both *Biseridens* and the anomocephaloids and grouped together in a clade with dicynodonts and taxa formerly included in 'Dromasauria' (i.e. Chainosauria). However, more recent analyses since 2017 have swapped this position, with venyukovioids being relatively more basal than anomocephaloids and occupying a more rootward position.

Below are two cladograms depicting examples of these alternative positions. The cladogram on the left depicts Venyukovioidea as closer to dicynodonts (from Cisneros *et al.* (2015)), while the right cladogram depicts them as more basal (from Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017)). Note the incomplete sampling of venyukovioids in both trees, and the differing position of *Suminia*.

**Cisneros *et al.* (2015):**

**Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017):**

Subsequently, the biogeographic origins and evolution of Venyukovioidea is also unclear. As the group is endemic to Russia, it was initially thought that they originated in the northern hemisphere. However, as more basal anomodonts were discovered in South Africa (such as *Anomocephalus* and *Patranomodon*), it was then suggested that anomodonts may have arisen in Gondwana, including the common ancestor of venyukovioids which later migrated to and radiated in Laurasia. Under their paraphyletic interpretation, Rubidge & Hopson (1990) suggested that there was a free exchange of anomodonts between the two hemispheres. The subsequent identification of the Chinese therapsid *Biseridens* as the most basal known anomodont in 2009 lead Liu and colleagues to propose anomodonts had indeed originated in Laurasia before separating into two distinct radiations, Venyukovioidea in the North and a Southern radiation of chainosaurs, including the ancestral dicynodonts.

### Alternate taxonomies

In 2008, Russian palaeontologist Mikhaïl Ivakhnenko proposed an alternative taxonomic scheme for the taxa included in Venyukovioidea, as well as for anomodonts in general. He coined the order Ulemicia for *Ulemica*, *Venyukovia* and *Otsheria*, and further divided them into two families, Venyukoviidae and the monotypic Ulemicidae. *Suminia* (and later *Parasuminia* under this scheme), however, was not thought to be closely related to these 'ulemicians', unlike previous literature, and was instead referred to another family and order altogether, the Galeopidae.

Galeopidae was initially coined for the South African 'dromasaur' *Galeops* by palaeontologist Robert Broom in 1912, but under Ivakhnenko's scheme was expanded to include other basal anomodonts, including *Anomocephalus* and *Suminia*. The family was included under a modified version of 'Dromasauria', Dromasaurida, which itself was regarded as a suborder of Dicynodontia ('true' dicynodonts were placed in the sister suborder Dicynodontida). Ivakhnenko divided the 'ulemicians' from dicynodonts (including 'dromasauridans') by the anatomy of their jaw joints, interpreting the well-developed sliding jaw joints of *Suminia*, *Galeops* and dicynodonts to indicate a closer relationships between them than to the 'ulemicians'. This opposes the typical phylogenetic interpretation of basal anomodont relationships and of Venyukovioidea, and has not been adopted outside of Russian literature.

## InfoBox

| Venyukovioidea
Temporal range: Middle \- Late Permian, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Life restoration of *Venyukovia prima* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Synapsida |
| *Clade*: | Therapsida |
| Suborder: | Anomodontia |
| Infraorder: | Venyukovioidea
Watson and Romer, 1956 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Mlesna

abstract: Mlesna Tea is a tea company owned by Euro-Scan Exports based in Sri Lanka. The company produces a range of loose teas, tea bags and gifts including: black tea, green tea, flavoured teas, and herbal teas.

text:
# Mlesna

**Mlesna Tea** is a tea company owned by Euro-Scan Exports based in Sri Lanka. The company produces a range of loose teas, tea bags and gifts including: black tea, green tea, flavoured teas, and herbal teas.

## History

The company was established by Anselm Perera in 1983. Perera was initially employed as a tea taster for Brooke Bond in 1969 at eighteen. He remained with Brooke Bond for ten years before becoming the Tea Manager at Shaw Wallace and Hedges and within one and a half years was promoted to Tea Director. In 1983 he decided to form his own company, Mlesna, which is a mirror image of his first name Anselm (as he was born on St Anselm’s Day).

Mlesna innovated the Tea Centre and Tea Kiosk concept in Sri Lanka, opening their first store in Liberty Plaza, Colombo in 1985. The company now has sixteen outlets throughout the country. This concept has been further expanded with outlets in Russia, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Greece and India.

## Awards

Mlesna has won 82 awards, consisting of 19 Presidential Export Awards, 11 National Export Awards, 23 Lanka Star Awards (National Packaging Awards), 17 Asia Star Awards (Asian Packaging Awards) and nine World Star Awards (Packaging Excellence and Superior Quality, awarded by the World Packaging Organisation).

## InfoBox

Mlesna
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Beverage |
| Founded | 1983 (1983) |
| Headquarters | Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Anselm Perera |
| Products | Tea |
| Website | www.mlesnateas.com |


title: Ocean Fisheries - Burgas

abstract: Ocean Fisheries – Burgas Co was a Bulgarian company founded in 1964 and based in the Black Sea port city of Burgas, whose ocean trawlers and freezer vessels undertook fishing voyages in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, including their southern portions now known as Antarctic Ocean. The fish was either sold in foreign fishing ports or shipped to Burgas and processed by the fish canning plant of Slavyanka Co. In particular, ships of the company operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s. Designated onboard teams of marine biologists undertook fisheries research off South Georgia and the South Orkney Islands. Those Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland, and East Germany, were the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry. Several dozen geographical features in Antarctica are named in association with the company.

text:
# Ocean Fisheries - Burgas

**Ocean Fisheries – Burgas Co** was a Bulgarian company founded in 1964 and based in the Black Sea port city of Burgas, whose ocean trawlers and freezer vessels undertook fishing voyages in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, including their southern portions now known as Antarctic Ocean. The fish was either sold in foreign fishing ports or shipped to Burgas and processed by the fish canning plant of *Slavyanka Co.*

In particular, ships of the company operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s. Designated onboard teams of marine biologists undertook fisheries research off South Georgia and the South Orkney Islands. Those Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland, and East Germany, were the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry. Several dozen geographical features in Antarctica are named in association with the company.


title: Sai Prashanth

abstract: Sai Prashanth was an Indian actor, who has appeared in Tamil language films and television serials. He has acted in films including Barathi, Aintham Padai, Thegidi, Neram (2013) and Vadacurry (2014). He studied in Shrine Vailankanni Senior Secondary School, T.Nagar, Sri Ahobila math Oriental higher secondary school, West Mambalam, and his father was Chief Executive in Chennai Doordharshan TV channel.

text:
# Sai Prashanth

**Sai Prashanth** (7 June 1985 – 13 March 2016) was an Indian actor, who has appeared in Tamil language films and television serials. He has acted in films including Barathi, Aintham Padai, Thegidi, *Neram* (2013) and *Vadacurry* (2014). He studied in Shrine Vailankanni Senior Secondary School, T.Nagar, Sri Ahobila math Oriental higher secondary school, West Mambalam, and his father was Chief Executive in Chennai Doordharshan TV channel.

## Career

The assignment Sai got was the role of a kid with drawing talents by Muktha Films in the mega serial called Vidya in DDK. while he was studying in Ahobila Mutt Oriental high school, He was called by Gnana Rajasekaran, IAS, to take up the role of young poet Bharathi in his film Bharathi shot in Varanasi to portray his days of education. He did this role along with the famous illustrious Actor Sayaji Shinde of Maharashtra. Coming back from Kasi, he was referred to Bombay Chanakya by Director and cameraman Thangarbachan to do a role in Veettukku veedu looty as a young computer savvy palaghat lad.

But his film career started with recital of the first sloka of the first veda " ganaanaam thvaa...in screen, that too on the banks of Ganges.

Sai Prashanth in entertainment career took up the role of a video jockey on Sun Music abruptly after another anchor had fallen ill. He subsequently applied for a full-time role, got the offer and then moved on to work in television serials.

A playful youth role played by him Annamalai serial by Radaan suddenly changed into a terrific Villain role by the new Director CJ Baskar which earned him the name of Junior Nambiar by the masses. As a serial actor, he often played negative roles and collaborated for several ventures with Radhika's productions. Sai Prashanth has also appeared on the reality dance shows Maanada Mayilada and Jodi Number One as a contestant, while he hosted other shows including Dhil Dhil Manadhil.

He has also acted in films including *Mundhinam Paartheney* (2010), *Neram* (2013) and *Thegidi* (2014) in supporting roles. In *Vadacurry* (2014), he appeared as the lead antagonist.

## Family

His mother Lalitha Subhash was the former president of Tamil Nadu BJP and was also a member of the Regional Censor Board. He had a daughter, Rakshitha Prashanth, from his first marriage with Niranjana.

## Death

Prashanth committed suicide by consuming a poisoned drink at his home on 13 March 2016.

## Filmography

### Films

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Basket* | Selvam | Malayalam film |
| 2004 | *Giri* | Maavattam's Son |  |
| 2005 | *Thaka Thimi Tha* | Sehwag |  |
| 2009 | *Ainthaam Padai* | Dinakaran |  |
| 2010 | *Mundhinam Paartheney* | Dinesh |  |
| 2012 | *Etho Seithai Ennai* | Seenu |  |
| 2013 | *Neram* | Vetri's brother-in-law |  |
| 2014 | *Thegidi* | Kamalakannan |  |
| 2014 | *Yennamo Yedho* | Gautham's brother-in-law |  |
| 2014 | *Vadacurry* | Ravishankar |  |
| 2014 | *Megha* | Mugilan's friend |  |
| 2015 | *Aaya Vada Sutta Kadhai* | Gangster |  |
| 2015 | *Vere Vazhi Ille* |  | Malaysian film |
| 2016 | *Saagasam* |  |  |
| 2017 | *Oru Mugathirai* | Kishore |  |
|

### Television

* *Annamalai*
* *Veetukku Veedu Lootty*
* *Krishna Cottage*
* *Selvi*
* *Arasi*
* *Muhurtham*
* *Idhayam*
* *Magal*
* Thamarai
* Muthaaram
* Kasthuri
* Illavarasi
* *Anni* by KB sir,
* Ma Inti Mahalakshmi - Telugu
* Lakshmi Nivasam
* Vidya in DDK
* *Agalya*
* Nimmadi by AVM
* Kannadi Pookkal in Vijay
* Vijay TV Jodi no.1 dance show
* Maanada Mayilaada - Dance show in Kalaingar TV.
* Dil Dil Manathil in Kalaignar TV
* Ethirneechchal
* Amul Super Kudumbam a variety show series in Sun TV
* Yazhini by Sundar K Vijayan - a tele film released in UK
* Veedu manaivi makkal a family reality show on celebrities.

## InfoBox

| Sai Prashanth | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1985-06-07)7 June 1985 |
| Died | 13 March 2016(2016-03-13) (aged 30) |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2003–2016 |
| Spouse(s) | Niranjana (divorced)<br>Sujitha Sai Prashanth |


abstract: The Skeleton mixed team competition at the IBSF World Championships 2023 was held on 29 January 2023.

text:
# IBSF World Championships 2023 – Skeleton mixed team

The **Skeleton mixed team** competition at the IBSF World Championships 2023 was held on 29 January 2023.

## Results

The race was started at 08:04.

| Rank | Bib | Country | Athletes | Time | Behind |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 18 | Germany 1 | Susanne Kreher
Christopher Grotheer | 2:24.91 |  |
|  | 15 | Great Britain 1 | Laura Deas
Matt Weston | 2:25.04 | +0.13 |
|  | 13 | Great Britain 2 | Brogan Crowley
Craig Thompson | 2:25.32 | +0.41 |
| 4 | 5 | Italy 1 | Valentina Margaglio
Amedeo Bagnis | 2:25.51 | +0.60 |
| 5 | 12 | China 1 | Zhao Dan
Yan Wengang | 2:25.83 | +0.92 |
| 6 | 14 | Canada 1 | Mirela Rahneva
Blake Enzie | 2:25.98 | +1.07 |
| 7 | 17 | Germany 2 | Tina Hermann
Felix Keisinger | 2:26.21 | +1.30 |
| 8 | 11 | United States 2 | Hallie Clarke
Andrew Blaser | 2:26.66 | +1.75 |
| 9 | 10 | China 2 | Li Yuxi
Chen Wenhao | 2:26.81 | +1.90 |
| 10 | 6 | Italy 2 | Alessia Crippa
Mattia Gaspari | 2:26.82 | +1.91 |
| 11 | 9 | Canada 2 | Jane Channell
Evan Neufeldt | 2:27.04 | +2.13 |
| 12 | 16 | United States 1 | Kelly Curtis
Austin Florian | 2:27.37 | +2.46 |
| 13 | 3 | Switzerland | Sara Schmied
Basil Sieber | 2:27.91 | +3.00 |
| 14 | 7 | Austria | Anna Saulite
Florian Auer | 2:28.54 | +3.63 |
| 15 | 2 | Australia | Jaclyn Narracott
Peter Makrides | 2:29.05 | +4.14 |
| 16 | 8 | Czech Republic | Anna Fernstädt
Timon Drahoňovský | 2:29.45 | +4.54 |
| 17 | 4 | Liechtenstein | Katharina Eigenmann
Jean Jacques Buff | 2:29.84 | +4.93 |
| 18 | 1 | Spain | Ana Torres-Quevedo
Basil Sieber | 2:33.13 | +8.22 |

## InfoBox

| Skeleton mixed team
at the IBSF World Championships 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun |
| Location | St. Moritz, Switzerland |
| Date | 29 January |
| Competitors | 36 from 12 nations |
| Teams | 18 |
| Winning time | 2:24.91 |
| Medalists | |
| Germany  Great Britain  Great Britain | |
|


title: Ophir, North Carolina

abstract: Ophir is an unincorporated community in the north-central part of Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States.

text:
# Ophir, North Carolina

35°28′41″N 79°58′44″W / 35.47806°N 79.97889°W / 35.47806; -79.97889 **Ophir** is an unincorporated community in the north-central part of Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States.

## Location

**Ophir** is located on State Road 1303 (Ophir Road), with State Road 1301 (Low Water Bridge Road), State Road 1306 (Flint Hill Road), and State Road 1134 (Tower Road) junctioning within the community. Ophir is five miles northeast of N.C. Hwy.109 (Montgomery County), six miles southeast of N.C. Hwy 49 (Davidson County), six miles west of N.C. Hwy. 134 (Montgomery County), and eight miles south of N.C. Hwy. 49 (Randolph County).

Ophir is approximately one mile south of Randolph County, five miles southeast of Davidson County, seven miles east of Stanly County, eleven miles west of Moore County, and twenty-one miles north of Richmond County.

The elevation of the community of Ophir is 518 feet (158 m) above sea level.

## History

Ophir was named after Ophir, the biblical region where gold was produced for King Solomon's temple.

The small community was settled during the mid-19th century, during the gold boom in the state of North Carolina.

### Gold

Very little mining was done in Montgomery County during the Civil War. Manpower was short. Men were away at war and those left at home were focused on taking care of the farms and their families. In 1891, there were 35 mines in operation in the county, but a short while later in 1896, the N.C. Geographical Survey named only 18 mines in use. In the northwest corner of the county there were many regional mines, including several in the Ophir area. These mines all had a major impact and played important roles in the county's mining history.

**The Russell Mine**, one of the larger producers in Montgomery County, had a total production of around 15,000 ounces of lode gold. This mine included several open pits and underground workings that attained a depth of over 200 ft (61 m). The largest pit, "Big Cut", is about 300 ft (91 m). long, 150 ft (46 m). wide, and 60 ft (18 m). deep. As a whole, material excavated from this pit is said to have averaged $2.00 to the ton in gold. The entire mass is gold-bearing but only certain parts of it are rich enough to work, and even these parts are of low grade except for rich seams that appear and disappear abruptly. Ore is difficult to distinguish from waste, visually. Ore grades averaged about 3.4 grams per tonne (g/t), with higher-grade zones reported. The total production of the Russell Mine is reported to have exceeded $300,000.

**The Steel Mine** is located just west of Ophir along the Uwharrie River. It was a lode gold mine. The rock in the vicinity is the argillaceous slate, but according to some it is silicified schist. At the Steel Mine ore consists of thin seams of free gold, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. These seams are conformable with the slaty cleavage or schistosity. Gold is said to have been discovered here about 1832, and the mine appears to have been worked extensively before 1853. Someone said that at this mine, gold digging amounted to mania for farmers were locating gold in almost every hill. However, the early history of the mine is obscure. Production data are fragmentary and are based on estimates. The only year for which production data are available is 1887, when $150,000 (about 75,000 ounces) in gold was produced. In 1876 the property was purchased by an English company, and until 1884 the ore was treated in Chilean mills. Mining journals for 1886 and 1887 note the repairing of old shafts and buildings of a new mill containing at first 20 stamps and later 40 stamps. One shaft was 135 ft (41 m). deep. Assay of ore taken from rich seams ranged from 20 to several hundred ounces of gold to the ton, and the ore from a few assayed more than 100 ounces of silver per ton. As late as 1934, a mill containing 10 stamps, a boiler, an engine, a roaster and other accessories remained on site going to ruin. Today, the Steel Mine is nearly inaccessible and the 1832 structures are in total ruins.

## Ophir today

Ophir is located in the heart of the Uwharrie National Forest in the Uwharrie Mountains. There are numerous campgrounds and hiking trails, hunting and fishing spots, and recreational services nearby for the outdoorsman's comfort. Badin Lake and Lake Tillery are only a few miles away, and the Uwharrie River runs through it.


title: Walter P. McConaughy

abstract: Walter Patrick McConaughy Jr. was a career American diplomat who served as U.S. Ambassador to a number of countries.

text:
# Walter P. McConaughy

**Walter Patrick McConaughy Jr.** (September 11, 1908 – November 10, 2000) was a career American diplomat who served as U.S. Ambassador to a number of countries.

## Education

McConaughy attended Birmingham–Southern College and Duke University, graduating in 1930.

## Career

McConaughy joined the US State Department after graduation. He first served in Tampico, Mexico and then in 1933 was posted to Kobe, Japan, where he served for seven years with brief spells in Taiwan and Nagasaki. He was transferred to Beiping in 1941. When the Pacific War commenced he was interned and then repatriated. He then served in La Paz, Bolivia as a commercial attache, and then Rio de Janeiro.

In 1948, was posted to as Consul at the United States Consulate General in Shanghai and was promoted to Consul General in 1949. Following the Communist victory in China, he closed the Shanghai Consulate and moved to Hong Kong. McConaughy's reports from that period show a burning clarity in their analysis of Chinese Communist propaganda and the currents of information available in Hong Kong.

After returning to Washington to serve alongside Edwin M. Martin and O.E. Clubb in the Office of Chinese Affairs, he served as the ambassador to Burma from May 1957 to November 1959. He then accepted an offer to become the ambassador to South Korea, a post he held from 1959 to 1961, later becoming the ambassador to Pakistan from 1962 to 1966 and the ambassador to the Republic of China from 1966 to 1974.

McConaughy died in 2000.

## InfoBox

| Walter P. McConaughy | |
| --- | --- |
| McConaughy in 1953 | |
|  | |
| United States Ambassador to the Republic of China | |
| **In office**
June 28, 1966  April 4, 1974 | |
| President | Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard M. Nixon |
| Preceded by | Jerauld Wright |
| Succeeded by | Leonard S. Unger |
| United States Ambassador to Pakistan | |
| **In office**
March 20, 1962  May 27, 1966 | |
| President | John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | William M. Rountree |
| Succeeded by | Eugene M. Locke |
| 6th Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs | |
| **In office**
April 24, 1961  December 3, 1961 | |
| President | John F. Kennedy |
| Preceded by | J. Graham Parsons |
| Succeeded by | W. Averell Harriman |
| 5th United States Ambassador to Korea | |
| **In office**
December 17, 1959  April 12, 1961 | |
| President | Dwight D. Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy |
| Preceded by | Walter C. Dowling |
| Succeeded by | Samuel D. Berger |
| United States Ambassador to Burma | |
| **In office**
August 20, 1957  November 2, 1959 | |
| President | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Preceded by | Joseph C. Satterthwaite |
| Succeeded by | William P. Snow |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Walter Patrick McConaughy Jr.
(1908-09-11)September 11, 1908
Montevallo, Alabama, U.S. |
| Died | November 10, 2000(2000-11-10) (aged 92)
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Spouse | Dorothy Davis |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Birmingham–Southern College
Duke University |
| Profession | Diplomat |
|  | |


title: Plassac-Rouffiac

abstract: Plassac-Rouffiac is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

text:
# Plassac-Rouffiac

**Plassac-Rouffiac** (French pronunciation: \[plasak ʁufjak\]) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 297 |  |
| 1975 | 307 | +0.47% |
| 1982 | 304 | −0.14% |
| 1990 | 297 | −0.29% |
| 1999 | 321 | +0.87% |
| 2009 | 353 | +0.95% |
| 2014 | 405 | +2.79% |
| 2020 | 396 | −0.37% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Plassac-Rouffiac | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Plassac-Rouffiac | |
| Location of Plassac-Rouffiac | |
| Plassac-RouffiacPlassac-Rouffiac | |
| Coordinates: 45°31′38″N 0°03′57″E / 45.5272°N 0.0658°E / 45.5272; 0.0658 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Charente |
| Arrondissement | Angoulême |
| Canton | Boëme-Échelle |
| Intercommunality | CA Grand Angoulême |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Serge David |
| Area**1** | 11.97 km2 (4.62 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 387 |
| Density | 32/km2 (84/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 16263 /16250 |
| Elevation | 98–190 m (322–623 ft)
(avg. 142 m or 466 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Henry Goulstone

abstract: Henry Goulstone was an early British immigrant to New Zealand, where he was a financier and magistrate.

text:
# Henry Goulstone

**Henry Goulstone** (22 October 1836 – 20 March 1914) was an early British immigrant to New Zealand, where he was a financier and magistrate.

## Biography

Goulstone was born on 22 October 1836 in Long Ashton, England, as one of 12 children, and baptised in the Church of England faith. His father was school master and proprietor of the Ashton Gate Academy.

In 1841, at the age of five, he was living with his parents and seven of his brothers and sisters in North Street, Bedminster, Bristol.

Goulstone arrived in Melbourne, Australia, on 29 March 1858, having sailed alone from Liverpool on the *Tornado*.

From Melbourne, Goulstone moved on to Queensland, and lived for about three years in a small place called Darling Downs, where he ran his own business. However, he had to leave the locality on account of his health. On 11 May 1860 Goulstone arrived in Sydney, having sailed from Brisbane on the ship the *Telegraph of Sydney*. Just over a week later on 19 May he married Mary Sayer Cox.

Their first child, Newton Henry Goulstone, was born on 1 July 1861, at Belgrave Terrace, Sydney. On 5 August 1861 Goulstone started work at the head office in Sydney of the Bank of New South Wales.

Sometime between August and January the family moved to Auckland, New Zealand and on 4 January 1862, Goulstone was appointed as the Acting Accountant, Bank of New South Wales, Auckland, at a salary of £300 per annum.

Goulstone quickly rose through the ranks of the bank and he moved with his family to Napier where he was made acting bank manager on 30 October 1862. This was to be a short stay as the branch was closed on 7 December 1863, though long enough for Mary to give birth to their second son, William Fitzhugh Goulstone. While in Napier Goulstone took part in the Anniversary Day Rifle Shooting contest on 16 November 1863.

On 1 April 1863, Goulstone sent a note to Donald McLean, confirming an appointment with him for the following day. Unfortunately no account of the meeting has been uncovered, so it is presently a mystery as to why Goulstone went to see Sir Donald. The letter (at right), is currently the only surviving written document of him.

From Napier, Goulstone and his family moved to the South Island, and in 1865, Mary gave birth to their first daughter, Amie (sometimes written Amy) Florence Goulstone, in Lyttelton. This time in Lyttelton could have been a brief holiday or interlude between postings with the bank. It is maybe possible that his wife, Mary, stayed by herself in Lyttelton, with friends or relatives, while he continued with his bank work in Auckland.

After much moving around, Goulstone, his wife and their three young children settled in Nelson and on 8 September 1865 Goulstone was made Acting Bank Manager of the Nelson branch of the Bank of New South Wales, at a salary of £500 per annum.

While in Nelson, Goulstone played cricket for the bank, one such annual fixture being reported on in the Nelson Examiner. On 29 March 1869 Goulstone opened the batting for the Banks Eleven vs the College Eleven. He made 15 in the first innings and 1 in the second and took one catch. The bank beat the college by two wickets.

On 18 April 1869, the first Royal visitor to New Zealand, Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh, arrived in Nelson as captain of HMS *Galatea*. The Duke was the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. There was a very large welcome put on for the Duke, with many dignitaries and speakers. Goulstone himself was among the invited guests to personally meet with the Duke.

Two of Goulstone's donations to causes of the day were recorded by the local paper. Firstly, in June 1866, Goulstone donated the sum of two pounds and two shillings to the New Zealand Patriotic Fund. Later that same year in August, there was a very large fire in Nelson that destroyed 18 homes, Goulstone donated two pounds to the fire relief fund.

On 14 June 1873, Goulstone was elected by the ratepayers to the Nelson Education Board. The meeting and election took place at the Nelson Court-house. In this capacity as a board member, Goulstone took the chair at the annual Town Schools prize giving in December 1873, this included the giving of a short speech and the overseeing of the presentation of the prizes.

While in Nelson, Goulstone became a Magistrate, and in such capacity took part in the Annual Licensing meeting held on 20 June 1871. Goulstone and four other magistrates met to hear any new liquor applications and also to oversee the correct behaviour of the 40 Public Houses that were all ready in operation in the Nelson area. At this meeting one new application was granted to the Mitre Hotel.

Also in his capacity as a Magistrate, Goulstone had had to sit on the jury of the Supreme Court of Nelson on numerous occasions. Three such occasions where Goulstone was a juror were recorded in the local paper as follows:

1. Civil Sitting, Monday 13 July 1868, Trimble vs New Zealand Insurance.
2. Civil Sitting, 9 and 10 August 1871, Pike vs Travers. This was an action to recover the sum of one thousand five hundred pounds, the amount of a promissory note, with interest since September 1864.
3. Criminal Sittings, Monday 20 November 1871. This included the trying of six criminal cases, none of a very serious nature.

In 1866 Goulstone briefly gave evidence in the Maungatapu murders trial, in his capacity as the acting manager of the Bank of New South Wales. This was in relation to whether he saw one of the accused come into his bank and exchange some money.

Goulstone was a founding investor and share holder in the Perseverance Mining Company. The company was formed on 15 January 1870 to mine for gold in the Bedstead Gully and Golden Gully area, in Golden Bay. To this end the company leased 1612 acres of crown land in this area for a period of 15 years. The company went out of business in the late 1870s, with another company taking over the mine site in 1879. Goulstone was also a director of the company from its founding up until 21 November 1870 when he stepped down. However, as of 8 March 1871 he was still a shareholder, attending a special general meeting of the company as such.

### Children in Nelson

Another son was born to them, on 7 November 1867, Harold James Goulstone. On 24 September 1870, Mary had twin boys Cyril Thorpe Goulstone and Alexander Goulstone . Sadly, less than three months later, Cyril died on 13 December of 'debility'. And just a couple of weeks before his second birthday, Alexander died, on 6 September 1872, of 'congestion of the lungs'. Despite these tragedies, they had their second daughter, Ella Margaret Irene Goulstone late 1871 and their third daughter, Agnes Lillias, on 12 May 1873, and their fourth and last daughter, Rosa Theodora, on 25 September 1875. Shortly after this Goulstone resigned from the bank on 31 October and they moved back to Auckland.

### Auckland

In Auckland Goulstone undertook a number of roles and employment. He joined the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company as its colonial accountant. In 1902 Goulstone was Secretary of the Auckland Fire Underwriters' Association, and also of the Mackelvie Trust. In 1904 he was the Secretary of the Auckland Chamber of Commerce. Goulstone also undertook auditing work. For example, he was the auditor of Sharland and Co. (Limited) from the early 1890s up until December 1907 when he had to resign due to ill health.

Later in 1877, Goulstone returned, by himself, to Sydney, arriving there on 26 November on the *Rotorua*. He started work back at the head office of the Bank of New South Wales on 3 December. He was put in temporary charge of the Balmain branch on 25 April 1878, returned to head office on 7 June, and resigned on 30 September 1878. Goulstone returned to Auckland on the *Hero* on 8 October 1878.

Sometime between 1878 and 1881, Goulstone bought a farm in Whakatāne. But by 1885 he was back in Auckland, and the farm was sold in 1913. Goulstone Road in Whakatāne is named after this short farming stint.

## Funerals and marriages

Henry Goulstone and Mary lived in Park Road, Newmarket. During 1883 his wife contracted tuberculosis and died two years later, on 18 August 1885 and was buried at the Symonds Street Cemetery.

Goulstone was not a man who liked to be alone, however, and on 23 December 1887 he remarried, to Mabel Anna Louisa Roskruge in the St Thomas Church, Tamaki, Auckland. Mabel was born in Cornwall, England, and moved to New Zealand with her family when she was nine years old, in 1863. Henry and Mabel had two children together, both girls – Cecil Mary in 1889 and Lucy Beatrice in 1892. Unfortunately, though, tragedy was again to befall Goulstone, twofold. On 24 March 1891 his second daughter, Ella Margaret Irene, died, at just 20 years of age of tuberculosis at the family home in Park Road, and in 1892 Mabel also contracted tuberculosis. Mabel died on 12 June 1893 from the tuberculosis, and was buried at the Purewa Cemetery on 14 June 1893.

Three years later on 25 March 1896 Goulstone married his third and last wife, Margaret Alice Haslett. This wedding took place at the home of her brother, James Haslett, Eden Street, Auckland. Margaret was born in Belfast, Ireland and came to New Zealand with her family in 1860 at the age of seven. His third was to outlive Goulstone and died on 21 June 1945 at the age of 92 of heart failure.

Henry Goulstone spent the last days of his life with Margaret in Park Road, Newmarket, Auckland. He died 20 March 1914 at the age of 78 years. The cause of death is listed as 'Senile degeneration & cerebral atrophy'. Goulstone had amassed quite some wealth at the time of his death, his estate was listed for Stamp Duty at £10,284. Goulstone left a watch, silver salver and other various pieces of crockery to his three daughters – Amy, Agnes and Rosa. The remainder of his estate was left in trust to his wife. Goulstone was buried on 21 March at the Purewa Cemetery in Auckland.

## InfoBox

| Henry Goulstone | |
| --- | --- |
| Henry Goulstone | |
| Born | Henry Goulstone
(1836-10-22)22 October 1836
Long Ashton, England |
| Died | 20 March 1914(1914-03-20) (aged 77)
Auckland, New Zealand |
| Occupation(s) | Accountant and Bank Manager |