title: Viral tegument

abstract: A viral tegument or tegument, more commonly known as a viral matrix, is a cluster of proteins that lines the space between the envelope and nucleocapsid of all herpesviruses. The tegument generally contains proteins that aid in viral DNA replication and evasion of the immune response, typically with inhibition of signalling in the immune system and activation of interferons. The tegument is usually released shortly after infection into the cytoplasm. These proteins are usually formed within the late phase of the viral infectious cycle, after viral genes have been replicated. Much information regarding viral teguments has been gathered from studying herpes simplex virus.

text:
# Viral tegument

A **viral tegument** or **tegument**, more commonly known as a **viral matrix**, is a cluster of proteins that lines the space between the envelope and nucleocapsid of all herpesviruses. The tegument generally contains proteins that aid in viral DNA replication and evasion of the immune response, typically with inhibition of signalling in the immune system and activation of interferons. The tegument is usually released shortly after infection into the cytoplasm. These proteins are usually formed within the late phase of the viral infectious cycle, after viral genes have been replicated. Much information regarding viral teguments has been gathered from studying herpes simplex virus.

## Properties of teguments

Viral teguments can be symmetrically arranged via structural and scaffolding protein or can also be asymmetrically arranged, depending on the virus. Teguments are rarely haphazardly placed and usually involve scaffolding proteins in their formation around the nucleocapsid. Non-essential proteins included in the tegument may aid in immune response suppression, suppression of host mRNA transcription or suppression of intrinsic or cellular defenses. Essential proteins will include factors that help in trafficking of the viral capsid to the nucleus (for herpesviruses), recruiting host transcription or translation factors, or directly transcribing or translating viral genes. Tegumental contents are released into the cytoplasm upon entrance into the cell upon which many tegumental proteins become active. The tegument may also aid in insertion of the viral genome into host cell cytoplasm or nucleus.


title: Villers-Bretonneux

abstract: Villers-Bretonneux is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Villers-Bretonneux

**Villers-Bretonneux** (French pronunciation: \[vilɛʁ bʁətɔnø\]) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Villers-Bretonneux is situated some 19 km due east of Amiens, on the D1029 road and the A29 motorway.

Villers-Bretonneux borders a particularly flat landscape towards the east, which can be considered as the western boundary of the Santerre plateau and the eastern boundary of the Amiénois.

The territory of the commune is crossed by the old national road 29 (current RD 1029), perfectly rectilinear road following the route of the ancient Roman road linking Amiens to Saint-Quentin in the Aisne. The agglomeration is located at the crossroads of the D 23 linking Corbie to Moreuil.

Villers-Bretonneux station is located on the railway line from Amiens to Laon via Tergnier.

## History

### Prehistoric era

Polished flints from the neolithic era indicate that a human presence has been in the commune for a long time.

### Antiquity

Roman coins, remains of dwelling and a sandstone mill from during the Roman Empire have been found near the town, which was on the old way linking Amiens to Vermand.

### Middle Ages

In 1840, archaeological excavations revealed stone coffins, vases and buckles dating from the Frankish period.

The first mention of the name Villers-Bretonneux is in a document from 1123. It was not until the 12th century that the Bretoneux or Bretonneux complement was added; prior to this the town was known as Villers. The origin of this change has historians perplexed. In 1200, the lord of Villers-Bretonneux, Adams de Villers was vassal of the Abbot of Corbie. In the 14th century, the village was surrounded by a wall twelve feet high and counted 140 hovels. The castle was surrounded by a wall fifteen feet high. Waleran de Rivery, lord of Rivery and Villers-Bretonneux, married Isabelle, second daughter of Jacques de Longroy (councilor and chamberlain of the Duke of Burgundy), lord of Querrieu, who was killed at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. In the second half of the 15th century, the lord was Antoine de Rivery, knight, captain of Amiens in 1465 and lord of Rivery and Villers-Bretonneux.

### 17th century

On 13 August 1636, the Spanish Army set fire to the village, as well as several villages in the vicinity. It was probably during these events connected with the capture of Corbie that the fortress was destroyed. An exact date is not known but in 1681 it was mentioned as completely in ruins.

### 18th century

In 1700, the seigniory of Villers-Bretonneux was sold to Pierre Dufresne, lord of Marcelcave. As early as 1737, the wool industry was mentioned in Villers-Bretonneux. In 1778, Pierre Dottin, a native of Villers-Bretonneux, published a memoir on the "la pomme de terre" in Les Affiches de la Picardie.

### 19th century

In 1838, records show that Villers-Bretonneux is one of the richest and most commercial communes in the department and that factories producing woollen stockings and flannels are well established. In 1859, the town built a church that was destroyed during the First World War. It housed a wooden Virgin from the *l'école de Blasset* school.

On 27 November 1870, Villers Bretonneux was the scene of a battle of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) for the defense of Amiens. The French were defeated, and the population had to pay a tribute of 100,000 francs to the Prussians.

### 20th century

In the First World War the town was the site of the First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux and Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. The first tank-against-tank combat in history took place here on 24 April 1918.

In the interwar years, the city of Melbourne in Australia was a sponsor of the town of Villers-Bretonneux and helped in its reconstruction as did as the State of Victoria more generally. Charlotte Crivelli who was a central figure on the committee which organised this sponsorship and organised many of the fundraising events. On 22 July 1938, the Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial was opened by the British sovereigns, George VI, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and Albert Lebrun, President of the French Republic. The names of 11,000 fighters without burial are engraved in the stone.

In World War II, the British Army Sherman tank Armoured Division passed through Villers-Bretonneux, on 1 September 1944. There is a memorial near the town dedicated to the memory of the Forces françaises de l'intérieur, shot and deported during 1939–45, located on the road to Amiens.

### Twenty-first century

Today, Villers-Bretonneux is a modest village, which grew significantly thanks to the introduction of the knitwear industry in the 19th century. After the destruction of the First and Second World Wars, the town was rebuilt. The city center concentrates public buildings and most of the dwellings.

The municipality is now experiencing a new development thanks to its proximity to the Amiens agglomeration and to an exit from the A29 motorway (Saint-Quentin-Le Havre). Subdivisions of individual houses were built.

Patrick Simon, the Mayor of Villers-Bretonneux from 2008 until 2020, was a vocal proponent of Australia-France relations. Simon oversaw the refurbishment of Villers-Bretonneux's Franco-Australian First World War Museum and helped to establish the Sir John Monash Centre, which opened in 2018. He also promoted increased relations and exchanges with Robinvale, Villers-Bretonneux's twinned town in the Australian state of Victoria. Simon was awarded an honorary Order of Australia (AO) in 2015 for his contributions to Australian-Franco relations. He died in office in May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

## Economic and services

The increase in the population of the commune was linked to the development of knitwear in the 19th century. This activity began to decline from the 1880s onwards. The decline continued after the two world wars until they disappeared completely at the dawn of the twenty-first century.

Today, it is the services that constitute most of the economic activity: shopping center near the motorway exit, retail and handicrafts in the city center. Health services are represented by the presence of a nursing home and a convalescent and functional rehabilitation center in addition to the liberal professionals. The school functions are represented by nursery and primary schools and by a college.

## First World War

In the First World War, on 24 April 1918, Villers-Bretonneux was the site of the world's first battle between two tank forces: three British Mark IVs against three German A7Vs. The Germans took the town, but that night and the next day it was recaptured by two brigades of the First Australian Imperial Force at a cost of some 1,200 Australian lives. The town's mayor spoke of the Australian troops on 14 July 1919 when unveiling a memorial in their honour:

*"The first inhabitants of Villers-Bretonneux to re-establish themselves in the ruins of what was once a flourishing little town have, by means of donations, shown a desire to thank the valorous Australian Armies, who with the spontaneous enthusiasm and characteristic dash of their race, in a few hours drove out an enemy ten times their number...They offer a memorial tablet, a gift which is but the least expression of their gratitude, compared with the brilliant feat which was accomplished by the sons of Australia...Soldiers of Australia, whose brothers lie here in French soil, be assured that your memory will always be kept alive, and that the burial places of your dead will always be respected and cared for.."*

The Australian War Memorial in France is located just outside Villers-Bretonneux and in front of it lie the graves of over 770 Australian soldiers, as well as those of other British Empire soldiers involved in the campaign. The school in Villers-Bretonneux was rebuilt using donations from school children of Victoria, Australia (many of whom had relatives perish in the town's liberation) and above every blackboard is the inscription, "*N'oublions jamais l'Australie*" (Let us never forget Australia). The annual Anzac Day ceremony is held at this village on Anzac Day, 25 April. Traditionally, Australian commemorations have focused on Gallipoli. However, Anzac Day commemorations since 2008 have also focused on the Western Front, and dawn services marking the anniversary of the battle of 24/25 April 1918 are held on Anzac Day itself at Villers-Bretonneux.

Villers-Bretonneux is the sister city of Robinvale, Victoria, Australia.

## Population

In 2017, the commune had 4,464 inhabitants, an increase of 8.5% compared to 2007.

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  1,260       1800  1,253 −0.08%  1806  1,507 +3.12%  1821  1,679 +0.72%  1831  2,163 +2.57%  1836  2,508 +3.00%  1841  2,706 +1.53%  1846  3,125 +2.92%  1851  3,284 +1.00%  1856  3,368 +0.51%  1861  3,601 +1.35%  1866  4,235 +3.30%  1872  4,959 +2.67%  1876  5,356 +1.94%  1881  5,911 +1.99%  1886  5,939 +0.09%  1891  5,625 −1.08%  1896  5,173 −1.66% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1901  4,967 −0.81%  1906  4,636 −1.37%  1911  4,438 −0.87%  1921  2,533 −5.45%  1926  3,552 +7.00%  1931  3,631 +0.44%  1936  3,397 −1.32%  1946  3,304 −0.28%  1954  3,326 +0.08%  1962  3,342 +0.06%  1968  3,474 +0.65%  1975  3,473 −0.00%  1982  3,347 −0.53%  1990  3,686 +1.21%  1999  3,952 +0.78%  2007  4,116 +0.51%  2012  4,210 +0.45%  2017  4,464 +1.18% |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) | |

## Places of interest

Delacour's château, or, as the Australian force called it, the "Red château", served as headquarters and billets for Allied generals during the Battle of the Somme. Marshal Foch stayed there. At the end of fighting in November 1918 it became the local headquarters of the Imperial (later Commonwealth) Graves Commission. Later abandoned, it was extensively cannibalised for building materials. Its skeleton, which remained as a tourist attraction until 2004, was razed in that year and all traces of it were removed to make way for a supermarket.

## InfoBox

| Villers-Bretonneux | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Villers-Bretonneux Town Hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Villers-Bretonneux | |
| Villers-BretonneuxVillers-Bretonneux | |
| Coordinates: 49°52′N 2°31′E / 49.87°N 2.52°E / 49.87; 2.52 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Somme |
| Arrondissement | Amiens |
| Canton | Amiens-4 |
| Intercommunality | Val de Somme |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Didier Dinouard |
| Area**1** | 14.51 km2 (5.60 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 4,640 |
| Density | 320/km2 (830/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 80799 /80800 |
| Elevation | 45–107 m (148–351 ft)
(avg. 91 m or 299 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Violation (album)

abstract: Violation is the second studio album by the American band Starz, released in 1977.

text:
# Violation (album)

***Violation*** is the second studio album by the American band Starz, released in 1977.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 8/10 |
| *Record Mirror* |  |
| *The New Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

*The New Rolling Stone Album Guide* gave the album zero stars. Martin Popoff, in *The Big Book of Hair Metal: The Illustrated Oral History of Heavy Metal's Debauched Decade*, called *Violation* a "proto-hair metal semi-classic".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Starz, except "Sing It, Shout It" by Starz, Jon Parrot and Sean Delaney

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Cherry Baby" | 3:47 |
| 2. | "Rock Six Times" | 3:15 |
| 3. | "Sing It, Shout It" | 5:10 |
| 4. | "Violation" | 4:26 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Subway Terror" | 3:45 |
| 6. | "All Night Long" | 3:26 |
| 7. | "Cool One" | 3:40 |
| 8. | "S. T. E. A. D. Y." | 5:25 |
| 9. | "Is That a Street Light or the Moon?" | 3:06 |

2005 CD edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 10. | "Do It With the Lights On" (demo version) | 3:34 |
| 11. | "Cool One" (demo version) | 3:22 |
| 12. | "Rock This Town" (demo version) | 2:47 |

## Personnel

Starz * Michael Lee Smith – vocals
* Richie Ranno – guitar
* Brendan Harkin – guitar
* Pieter "Pete" Sweval – bass
* Joe X. Dube – drums

Production * Jack Douglas – producer
* Jay Messina – engineer
* Sam Ginsberg, Dave Martone – assistant engineers

## InfoBox

| Violation | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Starz | |
| Released | 1977 |
| Recorded | 1977 |
| Studio | Record Plant and A&R Recording, New York City |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 36:00 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer | Jack Douglas |
| Starz chronology | |
| *Starz*
(1976) ***Violation***
(1977) *Attention Shoppers!*
(1978) | |


title: Violation paradigm

abstract: A violation paradigm is a scientific method where the scientist perturbs an expected factor to look at the subject's following reactions. These reactions are believed to be relevant to the process studied. For example, creating wrong word segmentations in a text will destabilize the reader. This warns the researcher that the respondent's brain considers the characters are united into words, and not just as a succession of given sets of letters. The process was originally developed by Danks, Bohn & Fear (1983), and proved valid.

text:
# Violation paradigm

A **violation paradigm** is a scientific method where the scientist perturbs an expected factor to look at the subject's following reactions. These reactions are believed to be relevant to the process studied. For example, creating wrong word segmentations in a text will destabilize the reader. This warns the researcher that the respondent's brain considers the characters are united into words, and not just as a succession of given sets of letters. The process was originally developed by Danks, Bohn & Fear (1983), and proved valid (Chen 1999).

* Danks, Bohn, Fear (1983), Comprehension processes in oral reading, The process of language understanding, pp. 193–223.
* Chen, H.-C. (1999), "How do readers of Chinese process words during reading for comprehension ?", *Reading Chinese Script: A Cognitive Analysis*, Routledge, pp. 257–278, ISBN 9780805824780


title: Murraysville, Ohio

abstract: Murraysville is an extinct town in Lorain County, in the U.S. state of Ohio. It was located in Carlisle Township.

text:
# Murraysville, Ohio

**Murraysville** is an extinct town in Lorain County, in the U.S. state of Ohio. It was located in Carlisle Township.

## History

A post office called Murraysville was established in 1828, and remained in operation until 1847. The town was named for the proprietor of Murray's Mills, a local watermill. In the mid 1800s it had a saw mill, grist mill, general store, school, and about 25 houses.

41°20′12″N 82°07′20″W / 41.336561°N 82.122204°W / 41.336561; -82.122204


title: Violet ray

abstract: A violet ray is an antique medical appliance used during the early 20th century to discharge in electrotherapy. Their construction usually featured a disruptive discharge coil with an interrupter to apply a high voltage, high frequency, low current to the human body for therapeutic purposes.

text:
# Violet ray

A **violet ray** is an antique medical appliance used during the early 20th century to discharge in electrotherapy. Their construction usually featured a disruptive discharge coil with an interrupter to apply a high voltage, high frequency, low current to the human body for therapeutic purposes.

## Overview

Nikola Tesla introduced his first prototype violet ray at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. Most of the antique violet rays in the US were produced before the Depression era, and some of the larger US manufacturers of violet rays were Renulife, Fitzgerald, and Fisher. Companies who manufactured violet ray devices made many other types of electrical appliances as well, e.g. Star Electric, which also manufactured stock ticker machines. Many of the companies who were able to continue manufacturing violet rays after the Depression stopped making them due to World War II, when they began manufacturing radio coils and other electrical components for the war instead.

A typical violet ray device consisted of an ungrounded, electrical control box that controlled the interrupter and housed the magneto coil, and an attached bakelite or other handle housing which contained the high voltage coil and an insertion port for attachments. Glass, evacuated tubes of varying shapes and for different therapeutic uses could be inserted into the bakelite handle to apply the resulting current to different parts of the body.

Violet ray treatments were said to cure everything from lower back pain to carbuncles. From an antique Master Violet Ray manual c. 1920 comes this treatment advice:

> *Brain Fog - Use Applicator No. I over forehead and eyes. Also treat the back of head and neck with strong current in direct contact with the skin. Treat the spine and hold the electrode in the hand. Ozone inhalations for about four minutes are also of importance.*

For catarrh, this treatment was directed:

> *Catarrh, Nasal - In this condition the Nasal Tube is used within the nose with a mild current within the nasal passage, two to five minutes on each side, followed by an application with the Surface Electrode externally over the area of the nose. Use Ozone Generator.*

During the 1940s and 1950s, makers of violet ray devices were subjected to numerous lawsuits and multiple actions by the US government including recalls, seizures, forfeitures, and orders to have them destroyed.

The last manufacturer of violet ray electrotherapy devices in the US was Master Electric. The company was subjected to a 1951 lawsuit in Marion, Indiana, and the devices were seized by the FDA. While their manufacture was prohibited in the US by case law, violet ray electrotherapy devices are still manufactured by companies outside of the US.

## Other uses

Jon Burge of the Chicago Police Department, who was dismissed in 1992 following allegations of torture of suspects by Burge and detectives working under him in the 1970s and 1980s, may have used a violet ray. The violet ray was suggested independently by two museum curators after they were given victims' descriptions of one of the several electrical devices used by Burge.

American clairvoyant Edgar Cayce advocated use of the violet ray in almost 900 of his *readings*.

Since the 1990s, under the name "violet wand", violet ray devices have more recently become popular as relatively safe electrical stimulation devices for erotic electrostimulation.

1. Improvements to Violet-Ray Generator of the applicator type, designed primarily for therapeutic use 1506344, Janke, Benno, "Violet-Ray Generator", published January 30, 1923, issued August 26, 1924.
2. 3505. Misbranding of Violetta kits. U. S. v. 21 Kits, etc. (F. D. C. No. 30942. Sample No. 25412-L.), Condemnation plus destruction.
3. 2807. Misbranding of violet ray device. U. S. v. 13 Cases, etc (F. D. O. No. 26995. Released under bond to the F.S.A.
4. 3458. Misbranding of violet ray device. U. S. v. 2 Cases * * \*. (F. D. C. No. 30801. Sample No. 3858-L.) Surrendered to the FDA.
5. 6932. Violet ray generator device. i( F.D.C. No. 45940. S. No. 20-531 R.) Seizure by the FDA.
6. 4178. Misbranding of Master violet ray outfit. U. S. v. 14 Packages, etc. (F. D. C. No. 35294. Sample Nos. 50206-L, 50207-L.), surrendered to FDA.
7. 981. Misbranding of R & R Ultra Violet Ray and Radiation Machine. U. S. v. August H. Riess (Lawndale Laboratories)
8. 2850. Misbranding of ultraviolet ray devices. U. S. v. 16 Devices, etc (F. D. O. No. 26972. Sample No. 41216-K.)
9. "4319. Misbranding of Master violet ray devices. U. S. v. Master Appliances, Inc. Plea of guilty. Fine of $2,000, plus costs". DDNJ. 1951-10-10. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
10. "Police Torture in Chicago: The Mysterious Third Device". Chicago Reader. 2007-02-04.
11. Hruska, E. "Violet Ray: A Handy Healing Device", *Cayce.com*, 2009.
12. The Violet Wand Store "Violet Wand History", 2008


title: Mathieu Marquet

abstract: Mathieu Gilles Marquet is a Mauritian swimmer.

text:
# Mathieu Marquet

**Mathieu Gilles Marquet** (born 11 January 1994) is a Mauritian swimmer.

## Career

Marquet first competed for Mauritius at the 2009 World Championships in Rome, where he finished 79th in the 200 metre backstroke in 2:29.91, 89th in the 400 metre freestyle in 4:32.36, 90th in the 200 metre individual medley in 2:25.76, 106th in the 100 metre backstroke in 1:07.26, 112th in the 50 metre backstroke in 31.18, 122nd in the 200 metre freestyle in 2:06.44 and with Jean Hugues Gregoire, Ronny Vencatachellum and Jean Marie Froget finished 36th in the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay.

At the 2011 World Championships in Shanghai, Marquet finished 57th in the 200 metre freestyle in 2:02.41.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Marquet finished 39th in the 200 metre freestyle in 1:58.91.

At the 2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Istanbul, Marquet finished 65th in the 200 metre freestyle in 1:57.07, 94th in the 100 metre freestyle in 53.54 and was disqualified in the 200 metre individual medley.

At the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona, Marquet finished 38th in the 50 metre backstroke in 28.54 and 56th in the 200 metre freestyle in 1:57.48.

In 2019, he represented Mauritius at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. In 2019, he also represented Mauritius at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco.

At the 2020 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle event.

## InfoBox

Mathieu Marquet
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Mathieu Gilles Marquet |
| Nationality | Mauritian |
| Born | (1994-01-11) 11 January 1994<br>Port Louis, Mauritius |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | backstroke, freestyle, medley |
|  | |


title: Tomb of Zechariah

abstract: The Tomb of Zechariah is an ancient stone monument in Jerusalem that is considered in Jewish tradition to be the tomb of Zechariah ben Jehoiada. It is a few meters from the Tomb of Absalom and adjacent to the Tomb of Benei Hezir.

text:
# Tomb of Zechariah

The **Tomb of Zechariah** is an ancient stone monument in Jerusalem that is considered in Jewish tradition to be the tomb of Zechariah ben Jehoiada. It is a few meters from the Tomb of Absalom and adjacent to the Tomb of Benei Hezir.

## Architectural description

The monument is a monolith—it is completely carved out of the solid rock The lowest part of the monument is a crepidoma, a base made of three steps. Above it there is a stylobate, upon which there is a decoration of two ionic columns between two half ionic columns and at the corners there are two pilasters. The capitals are of the Ionic order and are decorated with the egg-and-dart decoration. The upper part of the monument is an Egyptian-style cornice upon which sits a pyramid. The fine masonry and decoration that is visible on the western side, the facade, is only the western side. On the other sides of the tomb, the work is extremely rough and unfinished; it seems as if the work was stopped before the artists could finish the job.

## Identification

### Traditional identification

According to a Jewish tradition, which is first suggested by the 1215 AD writings of Menahem haHebroni, this is the tomb of the priest Zechariah Ben Jehoiada, a figure that the Book of Chronicles records to have been stoned:

*And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the Lord, he hath also forsaken you. And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the Lord*

### Scientific identification and dating

The style of the construction, which includes Hellenistic details such as Ionic columns, is similar to that of the Tomb of Benei Hezir, and several authors think that they are near-contemporary with one another; scholars specialising in funerary practices and monuments have ascribed a first-century AD date to the tomb. It has been proposed that the *Tomb of Zechariah* is actually the *nefesh* (a Jewish funerary monument similar to the Greek *stele*) for the Tomb of Benei Hezir, which is accessed from a rock-cut passage adjacent to the monument, and which states that it has an adjacent *magnificent structure*, an item not otherwise identified.

## InfoBox

Tomb of Zechariah
| Tomb of Zechariah (western facade) | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Kidron Valley, Jerusalem |
| Coordinates | 31°46′34.45″N 35°14′20.83″E / 31.7762361°N 35.2391194°E / 31.7762361; 35.2391194 |
| Type | Tomb |
| History | |
| Material | Stone |
| Founded | 1st century AD |
| Site notes | |
| Public access | Yes |


title: Zheng Wei (basketball)

abstract: Zheng Wei is a Chinese basketball coach and former player. She is the current head coach of the Chinese national team. She won the silver medal at FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup as both player and coach.

text:
# Zheng Wei (basketball)

**Zheng Wei** (Chinese: 郑薇; pinyin: *Zhèng Wēi*, born 4 September 1963) is a Chinese basketball coach and former player. She is the current head coach of the Chinese national team. She won the silver medal at FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup as both player and coach.

## Player career

Zheng spent her player career with PLA-affliliated teams. She started her career in 1979, playing for Wuhan Military team. In 1985 when the team were disbanded, she joined Bayi.

She represented China in the 1994 FIBA World Championship for Women, and won a silver medal.

She decided to retire in 1998 due to injuries.

## Coach career

After her retirement, Zheng entered Guangdong Kapok. She became head coach of the team in 1999. After professionalization, she and the team acquired WCBA's runner-up in 2003.

In 2008, she stepped down and served as the assistant coach of the team until 2020.

In 2020, she moved north to join the Inner Mongolia Rural Credit Union team as part of a quite controversial project to support the newly established team. She won the WCBA title twice with the team.

## National team career

Since 2009, she worked as assistant coach for Chinese national team. With the team, she won gold medal at the 2009 East Asian Games, and the 2018 Asian Games.

In 2022, following Xu Limin's resignation, Zheng became the head coach of the national team. She was able to make historical breakthrough by winning the silver medal again at the 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

## InfoBox

Zheng Wei
| Zheng in 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1963-09-27) 27 September 1963<br>Wuhan, Hubei, China |
| Listed height | 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) |
| Career information | |
| Playing career | 1979–1998 |
| Position | Guard |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 1979–1985 | Wuhan Military |
| 1985–1998 | Bayi |
| As coach: | |
| 1999–2008 | Guangdong Kapok |
| 2008–2020 | Guangdong Dolphins (assistant) |
| 2009–2021 | China (assistant) |
| 2020– | Inner Mongolia Rural Credit Union |
| 2022– | China |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| **As head coach:** | |
|  | |
| Medals      Women's basketball  Representing  China  FIBA World Championship  1994 Australia  Team competition  Asian Games  1994 Hiroshima  Team competition  Head coach for  China  FIBA Women's World Cup  2022 Australia  Team competition | |


title: Ocean View Junior High

abstract: Ocean View Junior High School (OVJH) is a public junior high school in Oxnard, California serving students in grades 6–8. The school is part of the Ocean View Elementary School District. As of the 2019–20 school year, OVJH has an enrollment of 898 students. The principal is Denise Adams. OVJH feeds into the Oxnard Union High School District, with most students attending Channel Islands High School after graduating.

text:
# Ocean View Junior High

**Ocean View Junior High School** (OVJH) is a public junior high school in Oxnard, California serving students in grades 6–8. The school is part of the Ocean View Elementary School District. As of the 2019–20 school year, OVJH has an enrollment of 898 students. The principal is Denise Adams.

OVJH feeds into the Oxnard Union High School District, with most students attending Channel Islands High School after graduating.

## History

Ocean View Junior High won a Title I academic award in 2005. It also won a Gold Ribbon Award in 2015; this designation was given to schools from 2015 to 2017 in place of the California Distinguished School award for which eligibility criteria were being updated during that time.

In 2018, OVJH librarian Maria Talia was one of five classified employees (i.e., non-teaching staff) nationwide to receive the Recognizing Inspiring School Employees Award from the National Coalition of Classified Education Support Employee Unions. Talia, an Ocean View School District employee for 19 years and a member of the California School Employees Association, was among those honored for "doing extraordinary and inspirational things in their schools and communities to promote quality education, foster positive learning environments and ensure student success".

The school was home to an "R&D" (Research and Development) class based around the sciences. It was the first of its kind in California. It also has a "21st Century Learning Academy" where sixth graders learn important skills for careers in the future.

34°9′38″N 119°8′52″W / 34.16056°N 119.14778°W / 34.16056; -119.14778

## InfoBox

| Ocean View Junior High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 4300 Olds Road
Oxnard, California 93033
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| School district | Ocean View Elementary School District |
| NCES School ID | 062817004354 |
| Principal | Denise Adams |
| Teaching staff | 40.50 (FTE) |
| Grades |  |
| Enrollment | 898 (2018–19) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 22.17 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Nickname | Seahawks |
| Website | ovjh.oceanviewsd.org |


title: George Trahern

abstract: George Eugene Trahern, was an American politician who was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives and Oregon State Senate. Trahern was born in Grants Pass, Oregon and was a real estate appraiser. He served in the House from 1981 until he was appointed to the state senate, serving briefly for one session in 1988.

text:
# George Trahern

**George Eugene Trahern** (born June 29, 1936), was an American politician who was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives and Oregon State Senate.

Trahern was born in Grants Pass, Oregon and was a real estate appraiser. He served in the House from 1981 until he was appointed to the state senate, serving briefly for one session in 1988.

## InfoBox

| George Trahern | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Oregon House of Representatives
from the 49th district | |
| **In office**
1981–1988 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1936-06-29) June 29, 1936
Grants Pass, Oregon |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence | Terrebonne, Oregon |
| Profession | Real Estate Appraiser |
|  | |


title: Thymectomy

abstract: A thymectomy is an operation to remove the thymus. It usually results in remission of myasthenia gravis with the help of medication including steroids. However, this remission may not be permanent. Thymectomy is indicated when thymoma are present in the thymus. Anecdotal evidence suggests MG patients with no evidence of thymoma may still benefit from thymectomy.

text:
# Thymectomy

A **thymectomy** is an operation to remove the thymus. It usually results in remission of myasthenia gravis with the help of medication including steroids. However, this remission may not be permanent. Thymectomy is indicated when thymoma are present in the thymus. Anecdotal evidence suggests MG patients with no evidence of thymoma may still benefit from thymectomy.

## Surgical approaches

There are a number of surgical approaches to the removal of the thymus gland: transternal (through the breast bone), transcervical (through a small neck incision), and transthoracic (through one or both sides of the chest).

* The transternal approach is most common and uses the same length-wise incision through the sternum (breast bone) used for most open-heart surgery. It is espoused by surgeons such as Alfred Jaretzki and is the most commonly performed procedure due to its relative simplicity.
* The transcervical approach is a less invasive procedure that allows for removal of the entire thymus gland through a small neck incision.

There has been no difference in success in symptom improvement between the transsternal approach and the minimally invasive transcervical approach.

Video-assisted approaches, such as thoracoscopic surgery, are increasingly prescribed since the less invasive nature of the procedure strikes a balance with the lack of actual clinical evidence supporting thymectomy in non-thymomal cases.

## Impact of thymic loss

Thymectomy is a treatment for myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease. For about 60% of people with myasthenia gravis, thymectomy significantly improves their symptoms of muscle weakness. In about 30% of cases, thymectomy results in permanent remission of myasthenia gravis, negating the need for any additional medication. Improvements in condition as a result of thymectomy are often delayed, typically occurring one or two years after the surgical procedure, though could be as late as five years. In some people, thymectomy does not alleviate any symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

Experiments involving thymectomy in newborn mice showed that it unexpectedly resulted in wasting disease when performed before the mouse was three days old. This is because the thymus is the site where T cells are generated. Removal of the thymus resulted in autoimmunity, in which the immune cells attack the organism's own healthy cells and tissues.

Those who have had their thymus removed should not receive the Yellow Fever vaccine.

## InfoBox

| Thymectomy | |
| --- | --- |
| ICD-9-CM | 07.8 |
| MeSH | D013934 |


title: Iltifatganj Bazar

abstract: Iltifatganj Bazar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ambedaker Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Situated at the bank of Ghaghra River. It is near 4 km to Tanda NTPC township.

text:
# Iltifatganj Bazar

**Iltifatganj Bazar** is a town and a nagar panchayat in Ambedaker Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Situated at the bank of **Ghaghra River**. It is near 4 km to Tanda NTPC township.

## Demographics

As of 2017 India census, Iltifatganj Bazar had a population of 11,339. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Iltifatganj Bazar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 49%. In Iltifatganj Bazar, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

| Religions in Iltifatganj Bazzar | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Religion | |  | Percent | |
| Hindus | |  | 29% | |
| Muslims | |  | 71% | |
| Jains | |  | 0.5% | |
| Others† | |  | 0.5% | |
| Distribution of religions<br>Includes Sikhs (0.2%), Buddhists (\<0.2%). | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Iltifatganj Bazar | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Iltifatganj BazarLocation in Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 26°33′00″N 82°39′00″E / 26.54999°N 82.650018°E / 26.54999; 82.650018 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Ambedaker Nagar |
| Government | |
| Body | Municipal Board |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 11,339 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: MV Guanabara

abstract: MV Guanabara is an oil tanker which was attacked by four pirates on 5 March 2011. The tanker was attacked by four armed Somali pirates at 3pm on 5 March 2011. The crew of 24 hid in a safe room, and summoned help from USS Bulkeley and the Turkish TCG Giresun. The pirates were captured without a fight. Three of the pirates were indicted in Japan. The fourth was turned over to juvenile authorities, as it was determined that he was a minor.

text:
# MV Guanabara

**MV *Guanabara*** is an oil tanker which was attacked by four pirates on 5 March 2011.

The tanker was attacked by four armed Somali pirates at 3pm on 5 March 2011. The crew of 24 hid in a safe room, and summoned help from USS *Bulkeley* and the Turkish TCG *Giresun*. The pirates were captured without a fight. Three of the pirates were indicted in Japan. The fourth was turned over to juvenile authorities, as it was determined that he was a minor.

## InfoBox

| *Guanabara* in the Arabian Sea on 6 March 2011 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name | *Guanabara* |
| Port of registry | Bahamas |
| Builder | Tsuneishi Corp., Tadotsu |
| Launched | 28 August 2007 |
| Identification | IMO number: 9384992 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Crude oil tanker |
| Tonnage | * 57,462 GT * 106,045 DWT |
| Length | 230.0 m (754 ft 7 in) |
| Beam | 42.0 m (137 ft 10 in) |
| Draught | 10.3 m (33 ft 10 in) |
| Speed | 5.6 knots (10.4 km/h; 6.4 mph) |
| Crew | 24 |


title: Manika Kaur

abstract: Manika Kaur is an Australian religious singer, songwriter and philanthropist from Melbourne.

text:
# Manika Kaur

**Manika Kaur** is an Australian religious singer, songwriter and philanthropist from Melbourne.

## Early life

Kaur was born and raised in Melbourne, Australia, and her parents were active members of the Sikh community. In 2006 she married and moved to Dubai.

## Career

In 2012, Kaur released a music video for the song “Guru Ram Das Rakho Sarnaee”, telling the life story of Guru Ram Das through shadow puppets. The video has over 4.6 million views on YouTube.

### *Bandhanaa* (re-released as *Satnam Waheguru*)

Kaur's debut album, *Bandhanaa*, was released in 2013 by Shemaroo Entertainment. The album was produced by Sukhbir Singh. In 2014, the album was re-mixed and re-released as *Satanam Waheguru* by Invincible Recordings.

### *I Bow To You Waheguru*

In 2015, Kaur's second album was released by United Sound Recordings through Proper Music Distribution. Its title track, "I Bow to You Waheguru", was produced by Talvin Singh.

The album features collaborations with Rakesh Chaurasia, Jyotsna Srikanth, Soumik Datta, Bernhard Schimpelsberger, and Reiner Erlings. She performed material from the album on the Sikh Channel, BBC London, and ABC Australia TV.

### *Sacred Words*

Kaur's third album, *Sacred Words*, was released in 2018 on Martin ‘Youth’ Glover's label Suriya Recordings and was released in the US on imprint label partner Six Degrees Records. It features collaborations with Scottish folk musician James Yorkston, Jyotsna Srikanth (violin), and Tunde Jegede.

## Discography

| **Year** | **Album or non-album single** | **Featured artist(s)** | **Composer(s)** | **Label** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 2013 | *Bandhanaa* |  |  | Shemaroo Entertainment |
| 2014 | *Satanam Waheguru* |  |  | Invincible Recording |
| 2015 | *I Bow To You Waheguru* | Rakesh Chaurasia, Jyotsna Srikanth, Soumik Datta, Bernhard Schimpelsberger, and Reiner Erlings | Talvin Singh | United Sound Recordings |
| 2018 | "Aval Allah" (single) | feat. James Yorkston |  | Manika Music |
| 2018 | *Sacred Words* | James Yorkston, Jyotsna Srikanth (violin), and Tunde Jegede | Talvin Singh, Tigerstyle, and Oskar Vizan | Suriya Recordings |
| 2018 | "Tu Sultan" (single) | feat. James Yorkston |  | Manika Music |
|

## Philanthropy

Through her foundation Kirtan for Causes, Kaur raises awareness for issues such as equality, global access to feminine hygiene products, and education of females of all ages around the world.

Her foundation currently supports the education of 100 programme participants and supports the education of over 200 children. Kaur raised over one million dirhams (approx. £210,000) through her first album, which she donated to finance a new Gurdwara (Sikh temple) in Dubai. All of the revenue from Kaur's work go to support her charity.

## Awards

Kaur won the 2016 Sikh Award for Sikhs in Entertainment and placed sacred Sikh vocal music and Kirtan in the World Music Charts Europe for the first time, amassing over 10,000,000 views on YouTube.

1. "Manika Kaur: Singing for a Cause", *Hindustan Times*
2. "Sikh YouTube star Manika Kaur", Invincible Music
3. "Guru Ram Das". *YouTube*. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
4. "New Age Artist Manika Kaur's "Mool Mantra" Makes for a Clear". *Pop Matters*.
5. "Manika Kaur: Sacred Words", Six Degree Records
6. "Asian Kirtan Star Manika Kaur Releases Satnam Waheguru", Invincible Music
7. "Manika Kaur's Sense of Peace" World Music Central
8. "Gentle voice, powerful spirit" Urban Asian
9. "Manika Kaur: I Bow to You Waheguru" Noise Bliss
10. "Manika Kaur releases Sacred Words Album" Broadway World
11. "Music Preview: Manika Kaur soothes the soul with Sacred Words" Thrive Global
12. "Manika Kaur Announces New Album SACRED WORDS Due 5/11 via Sriya Recordings" Broadway World
13. "Music Preview: Manika Kaur releases sublime silky smooth Sacred Words" CelebMix
14. "Kirtan brings a sense of peace" Just Say It How It Is
15. "Manika Kaur is using music as a source for good" iSing Magazine
16. "Manika Kaur" Zee Companion
17. "Winners 2016 List" The Sikh Awards
18. "Sikh Awards in London honour global Sikh diaspora" India GB News
19. Her hymns build lives" Times of India

## InfoBox

| Manika Kaur | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Melbourne, Australia |
| Genres | Religious; Kirtan |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter and philanthropist |
| Years active | 2012–present |
| Labels | Shemaroo Entertainment, Invincible Recording, United Sound Recordings and Suriya Recordings |
|  | |
| Website | www.manikakaur.com |


title: Farnham Hospital

abstract: Farnham Hospital is a community hospital in Farnham, Surrey, England. It is managed by the Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust.

text:
# Farnham Hospital

**Farnham Hospital** is a community hospital in Farnham, Surrey, England. It is managed by the Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust.

## History

The site of the hospital was originally built as a workhouse in 1791 and was mentioned in Sir Frederick Eden's 1797 survey of the poor in England. It was adopted by the local Poor Law Union in 1846.

The hospital is notable for being visited by Florence Nightingale, who is alleged to have visited the hospital while living at Waverley Abbey House, before travelling to Scutari, Ottoman Empire in 1854. She presented the hospital with a travelling Holy Communion set, which is stored as an exhibit in the hospital along with a further gift of a crucifix.

Two additional infirmary blocks were built in 1870 and 1900 respectively. It was renamed to Farnham County Hospital in 1929, then to Farnham Hospital on establishment of the NHS in 1948. It continued to be the main hospital for the area, until the establishment of the larger Frimley Park Hospital in 1974, which took over A&E services that Farnham had provided.

The Friends of Farnham Hospital, a registered charity supporting the hospital by donations, was founded in 1954.

In 1998, the hospital was identified as requiring improvements to provide better healthcare for patients. Construction of a new building started in 2001 and was opened in 2004 by the Countess of Wessex. The new building replaced some of the original 18th-century structures.

## Services

The hospital hosts various medical practices and acts as a centre for blood tests, serving outpatients from Frimley Park as well.

## InfoBox

| Farnham Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust | |
| Main entrance to the hospital | |
| Location within Surrey | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Farnham, England, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 51°13′14″N 0°47′05″W / 51.220549°N 0.784633°W / 51.220549; -0.784633 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Public NHS |
| Funding | Government hospital |
| Type | Community |
| History | |
| Opened | 1791 |
| Links | |
| Website | Farnham Hospital and Health Center |
| Lists | Hospitals in England |


title: Farnham Park

abstract: Farnham Park is a 131-hectare (320-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Farnham in Surrey. It is owned and managed by Waverley Borough Council. This medieval deer park has an avenue of trees which is over a kilometer long. Originally the trees were mature elms, but these succumbed to the Dutch elm disease in the early 1970s and were replaced with lime and beech. There is grassland, woodland, ponds and streams.

text:
# Farnham Park

**Farnham Park** is a 131-hectare (320-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Farnham in Surrey. It is owned and managed by Waverley Borough Council.

This medieval deer park has an avenue of trees which is over a kilometer long. Originally the trees were mature elms, but these succumbed to the Dutch elm disease in the early 1970s and were replaced with lime and beech. There is grassland, woodland, ponds and streams.

51°13′30″N 0°47′49″W / 51.225°N 0.797°W / 51.225; -0.797

## InfoBox

| Farnham Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Local Nature Reserve |
| Location | Farnham, Surrey |
| OS grid | SU 841 480 |
| Area | 131.0 hectares (324 acres) |
| Managed by | Waverley Borough Council |


title: The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert

abstract: The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness was a benefit concert held on Easter Monday, 20 April 1992, at Wembley Stadium in London, England, for an audience of 72,000. The concert was produced for television by Ray Burdis, directed by David Mallet and broadcast live on television and radio to 76 countries around the world, with an audience of up to one billion. The concert was a tribute to Queen's lead vocalist, Freddie Mercury, who died of an AIDS-related illness on 24 November 1991. The show marked bassist John Deacon's final full-length concert with Queen. The profits from the concert were used to launch the Mercury Phoenix Trust, an AIDS charity organization.

text:
# The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert

**The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness** was a benefit concert held on Easter Monday, 20 April 1992, at Wembley Stadium in London, England, for an audience of 72,000. The concert was produced for television by Ray Burdis, directed by David Mallet and broadcast live on television and radio to 76 countries around the world, with an audience of up to one billion. The concert was a tribute to Queen's lead vocalist, Freddie Mercury, who died of an AIDS-related illness on 24 November 1991.

The show marked bassist John Deacon's final full-length concert with Queen (save a short live appearance with Brian May, Roger Taylor and Elton John in 1997). The profits from the concert were used to launch the Mercury Phoenix Trust, an AIDS charity organization.

## History

Following Freddie Mercury's death on 24 November 1991 from AIDS, the remaining members of Queen (John Deacon, Brian May and Roger Taylor) came together with their manager, Jim Beach, to organise a concert to celebrate the life and legacy of Mercury (and to raise money for AIDS research and spread awareness about the disease). In the 1992 BRIT Awards ceremony, May and Taylor announced plans for the concert. When tickets finally went on sale, all 72,000 tickets sold out in just three hours, even though no performers were announced apart from the remaining members of Queen.

## Concert

> "Good evening Wembley and the world. We are here tonight to celebrate the life, and work, and dreams, of one Freddie Mercury. We're gonna give him the biggest send-off in history!"

—Queen guitarist Brian May.

The concert opened with a message from the three remaining members of Queen in tribute to Mercury. The music then commenced with short sets from artists that were influenced by the music of Queen, including Metallica, Extreme (playing a Queen medley), Def Leppard (who brought Brian May onstage for a version of "Now I'm Here"), and Guns N' Roses. Between bands, several video clips honouring Freddie Mercury were shown while roadies changed the stage for the following act's performance. Elizabeth Taylor then gave an AIDS prevention speech, which was followed by a compilation of Mercury's various interactions with audiences.

The second half of the concert featured the three remaining Queen members – John Deacon (on bass), Brian May (on guitar) and Roger Taylor (on drums) – along with guest singers and guitarists, including Elton John, Roger Daltrey (of The Who), Tony Iommi (of Black Sabbath), Ian Hunter, David Bowie, Mick Ronson, James Hetfield (of Metallica), George Michael, Seal, Paul Young, Annie Lennox, Lisa Stansfield, Robert Plant (of Led Zeppelin), Joe Elliott and Phil Collen (of Def Leppard), Axl Rose and Slash (of Guns N' Roses), Liza Minnelli, and others. Via satellite from Sacramento, California, U2 dedicated a live performance of "Until the End of the World" to Mercury.

## Home releases

The concert was originally released in VHS form (usually in two-tape releases worldwide), but due to time limitations, "Love of My Life" and "More Than Words" by Extreme, "Animal" and "Let's Get Rocked" by Def Leppard, Spinal Tap's "The Majesty of Rock", U2's "Until The End of the World", Mango Groove's "Special Star" and Robert Plant's version of "Innuendo" were removed from the original release. The US release also omitted Bob Geldof's performance of "Too Late God", and Zucchero's performance of "Las Palabras de Amor".

In April 2002, for the 10th anniversary of the Mercury Phoenix Trust, the second half of the concert (featuring the performances by the surviving members of Queen) was released on DVD and entered the UK charts at No. 1. "Innuendo" was not included on the DVD, at Plant's request. In addition, the original 4:3 footage had been cropped down to widescreen. The DVD was certified Gold in Poland.

On 24 June 2013, Queen announced on their Facebook page that a new remastered version of the concert would be released in late 2013 on DVD and Blu-ray. The DVD and Blu-ray was released on 2 September 2013. Like the earlier VHS release, this version excludes Extreme's "Love of My Life" and "More Than Words", Def Leppard's "Animal" and "Let's Get Rocked", performance by Spinal Tap, U2 and Mango Groove from the opening acts segment, and Plant's "Innuendo" from the Queen+ segment. It was certified Platinum in the UK.

Clips of rehearsals and of Metallica's set (as well as James Hetfield's performance of "Stone Cold Crazy" with Queen and Tony Iommi) were featured in the 1992 documentary *A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica*.

In May 2020, Queen announced that they would be premiering the concert on YouTube to raise money for the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund. It was available for 48 hours. In April 2022, Queen streamed the concert again to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the concert as well as the Mercury Phoenix Trust.

Several songs from the concert have also been released in audio-only format:

* Metallica's three-song performance was made into a UK tour edition single for "Nothing Else Matters", entitled *Live at Wembley Stadium* and released in Europe just one week after the concert, on 27 April 1992. The band later released in 2021 a re-mixed and re-mastered version of their performance as well as a rendition of Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy" with James Hetfield and Tony Iommi on the remastered box set of their album Metallica.
* Guns N' Roses' performance of "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" was released in May 1992 as a double A-side, with the band's studio recording of the song; it was also featured on their album *Live Era '87–'93*. The single entered the UK charts at No. 2.
* Def Leppard released their version of "Now I'm Here" (with May) from the concert, as a B-side to their single "Tonight" in April 1993.
* an EP of the George Michael performances with Queen was released as *Five Live* in April 1993. It entered the UK singles chart at No. 1.
* the Queen + Ian Hunter, Mick Ronson, David Bowie and Def Leppard performance of the song "All the Young Dudes" was released on the Mick Ronson album 'Heaven and Hull'.
* the Queen + David Bowie performances of the songs "All the Young Dudes" and "'Heroes'" were released on the soundtrack album to the 2018 film *Beside Bowie: The Mick Ronson Story*.

## Performances

### Without Queen

1. Metallica – "Enter Sandman", "Sad but True", "Nothing Else Matters"
2. Extreme – Queen Medley (including "Mustapha" (intro), "Bohemian Rhapsody" (Rock Section), "Keep Yourself Alive", "I Want To Break Free", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "Bicycle Race", "Another One Bites The Dust", "We Will Rock You", "Stone Cold Crazy" and "Radio Ga Ga"), “Love Of My Life” and "More Than Words" (Gary Cherone and Nuno Bettencourt)
3. Def Leppard – "Animal", "Let's Get Rocked", "Now I'm Here" (With Brian May)
4. Bob Geldof – "Too Late God"
5. Spinal Tap – "The Majesty of Rock"
6. U2 – "Until the End of the World" – beamed via satellite, pre-recorded on 18 April in Oakland, California. Cindy Crawford announces as "via satellite... straight from Sacramento, California".
7. Mango Groove – "Special Star" – played via satellite from Johannesburg, South Africa
8. Guns N' Roses – "Paradise City", "Only Women Bleed", "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
9. Elizabeth Taylor – AIDS Prevention Speech
10. Freddie Mercury – compilation of various interactions with the audience

### With Queen

1. Queen \+ Joe Elliott and Slash – "Tie Your Mother Down" (May)
2. Queen + Roger Daltrey and Tony Iommi – "Heaven and Hell" (intro), "Pinball Wizard" (intro), "I Want It All" (May)
3. Queen + Zucchero – "Las Palabras de Amor" (May)
4. Queen + Gary Cherone and Tony Iommi – "Hammer to Fall" (May)
5. Queen + James Hetfield and Tony Iommi – "Stone Cold Crazy" (Queen)
6. Queen + Robert Plant – "Innuendo" (Queen) (including parts of "Kashmir"), "Thank You" (intro), "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" (Mercury)
7. Brian May \+ Spike Edney – "Too Much Love Will Kill You" (May)
8. Queen + Paul Young – "Radio Ga Ga" (Taylor)
9. Queen + Seal – "Who Wants to Live Forever" (May)
10. Queen + Lisa Stansfield – "I Want to Break Free" (Deacon)
11. Queen + David Bowie and Annie Lennox – "Under Pressure" (Queen and Bowie)
12. Queen + Ian Hunter, David Bowie, Mick Ronson, Joe Elliott and Phil Collen – "All the Young Dudes" (Bowie)
13. Queen + David Bowie and Mick Ronson – "'Heroes'" (Bowie)
14. David Bowie – "Lord's Prayer"
15. Queen + George Michael – "'39" (May)
16. Queen + George Michael and Lisa Stansfield – "These Are the Days of Our Lives" (Taylor)
17. Queen + George Michael – "Somebody to Love" (Mercury)
18. Queen + Elton John and Axl Rose – "Bohemian Rhapsody" (Mercury)
19. Queen + Elton John and Tony Iommi – "The Show Must Go On" (May)
20. Queen + Axl Rose – "We Will Rock You" (May)
21. Queen + Liza Minnelli, supported by the rest of the cast – "We Are the Champions" (Mercury)
22. Queen – "God Save the Queen" (taped outro)

(Several of Mercury's most famous songs, including "Seven Seas of Rhye", "Killer Queen," "Love of My Life", "Play the Game", "Don't Stop Me Now" and "Made in Heaven", were not performed by the remaining members of the band with guest artists.)

### Queen's activity

### Guest musicians

### Backing musicians

Queen were backed by the following musicians:

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 15,000^ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Gold | 5,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness
| Promotional poster for the concert | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Wembley Stadium, London, England |
| Date(s) | 20 April 1992 |
| Queen concert chronology | |


title: The Frederick Gunn School

abstract: The Frederick Gunn School is a private, coeducational, boarding and day prep school for students in grades 9–12 and postgraduate, located in rural Connecticut, United States. The 220-acre (0.89 km⁲) campus borders the village green of Washington, a small, historic town in Litchfield Hills. Formerly known as The Gunnery and Mr. Gunn's School, it was named for its founder, has no military affiliations and is a non-sectarian school. The Frederick Gunn School was founded in 1850 by Frederick W. Gunn, a teacher, abolitionist, and father of recreational camping in America, based on his belief that strength of character was the goal of education.

text:
# The Frederick Gunn School

**The Frederick Gunn School** is a private, coeducational, boarding and day prep school for students in grades 9–12 and postgraduate, located in rural Connecticut, United States. The 220-acre (0.89 km2) campus borders the village green of Washington, a small, historic town in Litchfield Hills. Formerly known as **The Gunnery** and **Mr. Gunn's School**, it was named for its founder, has no military affiliations and is a non-sectarian school.

The Frederick Gunn School was founded in 1850 by Frederick W. Gunn, a teacher, abolitionist, and father of recreational camping in America, based on his belief that strength of character was the goal of education.

## History

Formerly known as The Gunnery, The Frederick Gunn School was founded by Frederick William Gunn and his wife Abigail in 1850. It was originally 30 boys on 50 acres (20 ha). In 1894 The Ridge School was founded as an affiliated junior school for younger boys. The school offered a classical education typical of Anglican tradition schools of the time but also emphasized athletic opportunities, environmental awareness and moral values. In a less inclusive era, the Gunns' school welcomed girls, international students and African American students.

In the 1920s the school became an all-boys school, enrollment tripled and new buildings were added. During World War II, The Gunnery prepared boys for entering the armed forces. In 1977, The Gunnery returned to its coeducational roots. For several years prior, The Gunnery had a partnership with the nearby all-girls school Wykeham Rise, which has since closed. The first female head was appointed in 1991.

## Boarding

The Frederick Gunn School is a day and boarding school, with 73% (232 boarders, 83 day) of its students residing in one of the 10 dormitories on campus. Students are supported by teachers, coaches, faculty advisors, dorm parents, administrators and student leaders who are designated as Residential Assistants (RAs). In most dormitories, students are grouped by class. Each dormitory consists primarily of single and double student rooms, but also house faculty and their families. There are students from 22 countries and 22 states in the U.S. Students from the Bahamas, Bahrain, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Korea, Mexico, Moldova, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Vietnam and the U.S. Virgin Islands were included in the student body in the 2021–22 academic year.

## Athletics

### Championships

* 1987 – Boys Ice Hockey – WNEPSAC Championship
* 1988 – Boys Ice Hockey – WNEPSAC Championship
* 1989 – Boys Soccer – WNEPSAC Division II Championship
* 1990 – Boys Ice Hockey – WNEPSAC Championship
* 2002 – Girls Ice Hockey – New England Division II Champions
* 2004 – Boys Baseball – Western New England Prep Baseball League Champions
* 2007 – Boys Baseball – Western New England Prep Baseball League Champions
* 2007 – Girls Lacrosse – New England Class B Co-Champions
* 2009 – Boys Baseball – Western New England Prep Baseball League Champions
* 2012 – Girls Field Hockey – New England Class C New England Champions
* 2013 – Girls Ice Hockey – New England Division II Champions
* 2013 – Boys Hockey – Edward G. Watkins New Years Tournament Champion
* 2014 – Girls Ice Hockey – New England Division II Champions
* 2014 – Boys Crew – National Scholastic Championship Regatta Champions
* 2015 – Boys Hockey – Edward G. Watkins New Years Tournament Champion
* 2016 – Boys Hockey – New England Elite Eight Tournament Champion
* 2016 – Boys Lacrosse – WNESSLA Champions
* 2016 – Boys Lacrosse – Colonial Tournament Champions
* 2016 – Boys Football – New England Eight-Player Football Champions
* 2017 – Boys Hockey – Avon Old Farms Christmas Classic Champions
* 2018 – Boys Hockey – Avon Old Farms Christmas Classic Champions
* 2019 – Girls Cross Country NEPSTA DIII Cross Country Champions
* 2019 – Boys Crew – Beebe Cup Winner
* 2019 – Boys Crew – Du. Pont Cup Winner
* 2019 – Boys Crew – Head of the Riverfront Regatta, first place, junior 4+
* 2020 – Boys Hockey – NEPSAC Tournament Piatelli/Simmons (Small) Bracket Champion

### Sports offered

| Fall | Winter | Spring |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Basketball (boys and girls) | Baseball (boys) |
| Field hockey (girls) | Ice hockey (boys and girls) | Golf (coed) |
| Football (boys, 8-man) | Skiing (boys and girls) | Lacrosse (boys and girls) Tennis (boys and girls) |
| Soccer (boys and girls) |  | Softball (girls) |
| Cross country (boys and girls) |  | Ultimate Frisbee (coed) |
| Crew (boys and girls) |  | Crew (boys and girls) |

## Notable alumni

41°37′49″N 73°18′42″W / 41.6303°N 73.3118°W / 41.6303; -73.3118

## InfoBox

| The Frederick Gunn School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 99 Green Hill Road
Washington, Connecticut 06793
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, College prep
Day & Boarding |
| Motto | Vir Bonus Semper Discipulus Est
(A Good Person Is Always Learning) |
| Established | 1850 (1850) |
| CEEB code | 070-825 |
| Dean | Ashley LeBlanc |
| Principal | Emily Gum |
| Faculty | 55 |
| Grades | 12/PG year |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Enrollment | 315 (2021–22) |
| Average class size | 12 students |
| Student to teacher ratio | 6:1 |
| Campus size | 220 acres (0.89 km2) |
| Campus type | Rural |
| Athletics conference | NEPSAC |
| Sports | 35 sports teams |
| Accreditation | NEASC |
| Newspaper | *The Highlander* |
| Tuition | – Boarding Students: $66,523
– Day Students: $47,234 |
| Website | www.frederickgunn.org |


title: Marca District

abstract: Marca District is one of ten districts of the Recuay Province in Peru.

text:
# Marca District

**Marca District** is one of ten districts of the Recuay Province in Peru.

## Localities

## Mountains

10°04′59″S 77°30′00″W / 10.08306°S 77.50000°W / -10.08306; -77.50000

## InfoBox

| Marca District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
|  | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Ancash |
| Province | Recuay |
| Founded | January 2, 1857 |
| Capital | Marca |
| Area | |
| Total | 184.84 km2 (71.37 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,644 m (8,675 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 1,111 |
| Density | 6.0/km2 (16/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 021706 |


title: Marca (moth)

abstract: Marca is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Max Saalmüller in 1891.

text:
# Marca (moth)

***Marca*** is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Max Saalmüller in 1891.

## Species

* Saalmüller, M. & von Heyden, L. (1891). "Lepidopteren von Madagascar. Zweite Abtheilung. Heterocera: Noctuae, Geometrae, Microlepidoptera": 247–531, pls. 7–14.

## InfoBox

| *Marca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Calpinae |
| Genus: | ***Marca***<br>Saalmüller, 1891 |
|


title: Marcel Hilsz

abstract: Marcel Louis 'Nugget' Hilsz was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the VFL and Perth in the WAFL. Hilsz began at Perth in 1938 but saw his early career interrupted by the Second World War. While on war service in Victoria he spent some time with St Kilda and played eight VFL games in 1942. He played most of his football as a hard running defender but could also play forward, topping Perth's goal kicking list with 65 goals in 1951. His best football was played after the war and he represented Western Australia in eight interstate games. He is a member of Perth's official 'Team of the Century' in the back pocket.

text:
# Marcel Hilsz

**Marcel Louis 'Nugget' Hilsz** (9 February 1921 – 15 May 1997) was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the VFL and Perth in the WAFL.

Hilsz began at Perth in 1938 but saw his early career interrupted by the Second World War. While on war service in Victoria he spent some time with St Kilda and played eight VFL games in 1942. He played most of his football as a hard running defender but could also play forward, topping Perth's goal kicking list with 65 goals in 1951. His best football was played after the war and he represented Western Australia in eight interstate games.

He is a member of Perth's official 'Team of the Century' in the back pocket.

## InfoBox

| Marcel Hilsz | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Marcel Louis Hilsz | | |
| Date of birth | 9 February 1921 | | |
| Place of birth | Adelaide, South Australia | | |
| Date of death | 15 May 1997(1997-05-15) (aged 76) | | |
| Place of death | Forrestfield, Western Australia | | |
| Height | 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Weight | 83 kg (183 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1938–41, 1946–52 | Perth | 187 (-) |
| 1942 | St Kilda | 008 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1952. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Manish Rao

abstract: Manish Rao is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Mumbai in the 2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament on 31 January 2017. He made his first-class debut for Railways in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2017. He made his List A debut for Railways in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 26 September 2018.

text:
# Manish Rao

**Manish Rao** (born 19 July 1990) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Mumbai in the 2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament on 31 January 2017. He made his first-class debut for Railways in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2017. He made his List A debut for Railways in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 26 September 2018.

## InfoBox

Manish Rao
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-07-19) 19 July 1990<br>Mumbai, India |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 31 January 2017 | |


title: The Grand Island Independent

abstract: The Grand Island Independent is a daily newspaper published in Grand Island, Nebraska.

text:
# The Grand Island Independent

***The Grand Island Independent*** is a daily newspaper published in Grand Island, Nebraska.

## History

In 1869, Maggie Eberhart and Seth Mobley founded the *Platte Valley Independent* in North Platte. Eberhart, whose parents had immigrated from Ireland in her infancy, had been a teacher; Mobley had begun working in a newspaper office in Iowa at the age of 10, and had briefly published the *Fort Kearney Herald*, while stationed at Fort Kearny, Nebraska in 1865. In 1870, Eberhart moved the *Independent* to Grand Island and started publishing on July 2; she married Mobley the following year. The newspaper, described as "decidedly Republican", was published daily for a short time in late 1873, in connection with a political campaign of that year, but resumed weekly publication after the election.

In 1883, the Mobleys, who had alienated most of their advertisers, sold the newspaper to J. A. McMurphy; a week later, McMurphy sold it to Friedrich (Fred) Hedde. Hedde had been a lawyer and journalist in his native Holstein. After immigrating to the United States in 1854, he was one of the original settlers of Grand Island in 1857. He had served as County Judge and as a member of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature. Beside the *Independent*, he owned a lumberyard and a general store. Hedde converted the *Independent* from a weekly to a daily in 1884; in 1885, he changed its name to the *Grand Island Daily Independent*.

In 1900, the octogenarian Hedde's health was failing, prompting him to turn the newspaper over to a group of Grand Island businessmen, who formed the Independent Publishing Company. A. F. Buechler served as president of the company and editor of the newspaper until 1930, when it was sold to Oscar S. Stauffer; he continued as editor until 1939.

Stauffer Communications owned the *Independent* from 1930 to 1994. In 1974, the newspaper made the conversion from letterpress to offset printing. In 1979, it began printing a Sunday edition, initiating seven-day publication. In 1989, the "Daily" was dropped, leaving the newspaper with its present name.

The newspaper was acquired by the Morris Publishing Group in the course of their 1995 purchase of Stauffer. It introduced its website in 1996. In 2007, the *Independent* was bought by GateHouse Media. in 2008, GateHouse sold the newspaper to the Omaha World-Herald Co, which was acquired a year later by Berkshire Hathaway.

On Jan 29, 2020, Berkshire sold all of its newspapers, including *The Grand Island Independent,* to Lee Enterprises. Starting July 18, 2023, the paper will print five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday.

## The *Independent* today

The publisher of the *Independent* is Terrie Baker; Prior to serving as publisher, Baker served as The Independent's general manager for two years. She joined the Independent in 2017 after serving as publisher of the North Platte Telegraph since 2015. The managing editor is Jim Faddis; he had worked for the *Independent* for 25 years before being promoted from editorial page editor to managing editor in 2007.

Beside the daily newspaper, the *Independent* publishes a free-circulation weekly titled *Trade West*, with a circulation of about 20,000, focusing on "rural and agricultural readers".

## InfoBox

The Grand Island Independent
| *Grand Island Independent* building in Grand Island | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Lee Enterprises |
| Publisher | Terrie Baker |
| Editor | Bette Pore |
| Founded | July 2, 1870 (1870-07-02) |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters |  |
| Country | United States |
| Circulation | 8,063 Daily (as of 2023) |
| ISSN | 1049-3018 |
| OCLC number | 21212650 |
| Website | theindependent.com |
|  | |


title: March of the Tadpoles

abstract: March of the Tadpoles was the fifth studio recording of the Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band. The album was released in Japan in 1977 by Baystate. The album received two 1985 Grammy award nominations – for "Best Jazz Instrumental Performance - Big Band" and for "Best Arrangement on an Instrumental". All tracks from this album are also included on the 2008 Mosaic 3 CD compilation, Mosaic Select: Toshiko Akiyoshi - Lew Tabackin Big Band.

text:
# March of the Tadpoles

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic link |  |

***March of the Tadpoles*** was the fifth studio recording of the Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band. The album was released in Japan in 1977 by Baystate. The album received two 1985 Grammy award nominations – for "Best Jazz Instrumental Performance - Big Band" and for "Best Arrangement on an Instrumental" (for the song, "March of the Tadpoles").

All tracks from this album are also included on the 2008 Mosaic 3 CD compilation, *Mosaic Select: Toshiko Akiyoshi - Lew Tabackin Big Band*.

## Track listing

All songs composed and arranged by Toshiko Akiyoshi:

LP side A

1. "March of the Tadpoles" – 6:54
2. "Mobile" – 5:20
3. "Deracinated Flower" – 8:14

LP side B

1. "Yellow is Mellow" – 8:53
2. "Notorious Tourist from the East" – 7:35

## Personnel

Guest artist:

* Emil Richards – percussion (on "Notorious Tourist from the East")

* Allmusic
* 1985 Grammy nominations, Best Jazz Instrumental Performance - Big Band and (for the song, "March of the Tadpoles") Best Arrangement on an Instrumental (LA Times link)

## InfoBox

| March of the Tadpoles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band | |
| Released | 1977 |
| Recorded | RCA Studio 'A', Hollywood, California, January 10–11, 1977 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 36:56 |
| Label | Baystate Records |
| Producer | Hiroshi Isaka |
| Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band chronology | |
| *Insights*
(1976) ***March of the Tadpoles***
(1977) *Live at Newport '77*
(1977) | |


title: The Grass Is Always Greener

abstract: The Grass is Always Greener is a 2006 album by Barbara Morgenstern.

text:
# The Grass Is Always Greener

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.0/10) |
| Tiny Mix Tapes |  |

***The Grass is Always Greener*** is a 2006 album by Barbara Morgenstern.

## Track listing

1. "The Grass Is Always Greener" – 4:43
2. "The Operator" – 4:23
3. "Polar" – 3:24
4. "Das Schöne Einheitsbild" – 3:13
5. "Unser Mann Aus Hollywood" – 2:45
6. "Juist" – 3:53
7. "Alles Was Lebt Bewegt Sich" – 3:40
8. "Ein Paar Sekunden" – 3:34
9. "Die Japanische Schranke" – 5:06
10. "Quality Time" – 4:09
11. "Mailand" – 2:35
12. "Initials B.M." – 4:09

1. Birchmeier, Jason. The Grass Is Always Greener at AllMusic
2. Pitchfork Media review
3. Tiny Mix Tapes review

## InfoBox

| The Grass is Always Greener | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Barbara Morgenstern | |
| Released | 2006 |
| Genre | Electronica |
| Label | Monika Enterprise |
| Barbara Morgenstern chronology | |
| *Tesri* ***The Grass is Always Greener***
(2006) *BM*
(2008) | |


title: Marcinho (footballer, born 1978)

abstract: Márcio Franco da Silva, better known as Marcinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

text:
# Marcinho (footballer, born 1978)

**Márcio Franco da Silva** (born 28 August 1978), better known as **Marcinho**, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Skillful and fast, Marcinho attracted attention due to his short stature (1.59 m), the smallest in Brazilian football (later equaled by Elton). The athlete stature was the result of the onset of polio.

## Honours

América   * Marcinho at ogol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese)

## InfoBox

Marcinho
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Márcio Franco da Silva | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-08-28) 28 August 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Mossoró, Brazil | | |
| Height | 1.59 m (5 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1992–1996 | Ferroviário | | |
| 1997 | Rio Branco-SP | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1998–1999 | América-SP |  |  |
| 1999–2002 | Guarani |  |  |
| 2003 | Brasiliense |  |  |
| 2005 | 15 de Novembro |  |  |
| 2006 | Mineiros |  |  |
| 2006 | Gama |  |  |
| 2007 | CRAC |  |  |
| 2008 | América-SP |  |  |
| 2010 | Jataiense |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 October 2023 | | | |


title: The Firebrand (1962 film)

abstract: The Firebrand is a 1962 American Western film directed and produced by Maury Dexter and starring Kent Taylor, Valentin de Vargas and Lisa Montell.

text:
# The Firebrand (1962 film)

***The Firebrand*** (also known as **Caballero**) is a 1962 American Western film directed and produced by Maury Dexter and starring Kent Taylor, Valentin de Vargas and Lisa Montell.

## Plot

A Mexican outlaw wages a war against the corrupt California Rangers during the California Gold Rush.

## Cast

### Citations

### Sources

## InfoBox

| The Firebrand | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Maury Dexter |
| Screenplay by | Harry Spalding |
| Produced by | Maury Dexter |
| Starring | Kent Taylor
Valentin de Vargas
Lisa Montell |
| Cinematography | Floyd Crosby |
| Edited by | Jodie Copelan |
| Music by | Richard LaSalle |
| Production
company | Associated Producers Inc |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date | * August 7, 1962 (1962-08-07) |
| Running time | 61 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Farranfore–Valentia Harbour line

abstract: The Farranfore–Valentia Harbour line was a 39.5 miles (63.6 km) long single-track broad gauge railway line that operated from 1892 to 1960 along Dingle Bay's southern shore in Ireland. It was the most westerly railway in Europe.

text:
# Farranfore–Valentia Harbour line

The **Farranfore–Valentia Harbour line** was a 39.5 miles (63.6 km) long single-track broad gauge railway line that operated from 1892 to 1960 along Dingle Bay's southern shore in Ireland. It was the most westerly railway in Europe.

## History

A plan to extend the 1834 Dublin and Kingstown Railway to Valentia Harbour by that railway's engineer, Charles Blacker Vignoles, for the establishment of a transatlantic port, was to prove too ambitious and came to nothing. The Great Southern and Western Railway Company (GS&WR) had opened its Killarney to Tralee section in 1859, and in 1871 the independent Killorgan Railway company was formed to construct a line from the GS&WR Farranfore station but in the event was unable to raise the finance.

The GS&WR was to acquire that authority to build the line in 1880, and opened the 12.5-mile-long (20.1 km) rail link between Farranfore and Iveragh Road in Killorglin with the Irish gauge of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) on 15 January 1885. The line was extended by 27 miles (43 km) to Valentia Harbour commencing in 1890 and formally opened on 12 September 1893. The branch line left the Mallow–Tralee line at Farranfore and headed west through some of Ireland's most spectacular scenery as it climbed through County Kerry's mountainous countryside, along Dingle Bay's southern shore. It served as the main transport system for the Iveragh Peninsula for 75 years. The last train departed Killorglin on 30 January 1960, and the line was closed on 1 February 1960.

The Laune Viaduct in Killorglin, two tunnels and the Gleensk Viaduct are still standing. Most of its other buildings have been demolished and their sites were used for other purposes. It was announced in June 2013 that the section of the disused and disassembled railway linking Cahirciveen to Reenard would be signed over by Irish Rail's parent company, CIÉ to Kerry County Council for building the 3.57-mile-long (5.75 km) Fertha greenway, a combined walking and cycling path which features on Lonely Planet's best things to do in time.

## Route

The station at Farranfore is orientated on an approximately north–south direction, with the *down* platform to Tralee to the west and the *up* platform to Mallow and Dublin to the east. There was a bay platform at the southern end of the *down* used by trains to and from Valentia Harbour which branched away to the south west. The 12.5 miles (20.1 km) section to Killorglin was essentially flat,. It had an intermediate stations at Molahiffe, Castlemaine (GSWR) and Milltown Halt with the Laune Viaduct just before Killorglin; 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) maximum speed permitted from Molahiffe.

The 27 miles (43 km) extension ran to Valentia Harbour where a ferry was available to Valentia Island. The gradient was up to 1 in 50 on this section, and speeds mostly restricted to 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) or less for the most part. The first two halts were at Caragh Lake and Dooks, 16 miles (26 km) and 18 miles (29 km) from Farranfore respectively. Glenbeigh, at 20 miles (32 km) was a passing stage with locomotive water replenishment facilities was succeeded by a sustained climb at 1 in 50 to Mountain Stage at 23.5 miles (37.8 km). Kells at 30.5 miles (49.1 km) also had a train passing loop and was succeeded by a 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) stretch of track to Cahirciveen 6 miles (9.7 km) further on.

The terminus at Valentia Harbour was a simple arrangement with a shed and no turntable, engines working the 2.5 miles (4.0 km) back to Cahirciveen for stabling overnight.

## Rolling stock

Locomotives used had to be suitable for the low axle load, which even as of 1948 was 14.5 long tons (14.7 t). While the line was initially worked by 4-4-2 and 2-4-2 types the ubiquitous Class 101/J15 came to dominate, several of which were based at Tralee.

The first two 550 hp *C Class* diesels, Nos. C201 and C202, were put to work on the branch on 4 March 1957, only just having arrived in Ireland at the start of the previous month, with CIÉ 2600 Class railcars also noted as having worked excursions to the branch.

Six-wheeled passenger coaches were used throughout the life of the line, its sharp curves meaning eight wheeled bogie coaches only being permitted past Killorglin after 1935, and only then if they had oval buffers or round buffers of not less than 18 inches (46 cm) diameter.

## Services

When the line opened there were initially three passenger trains each away to Killorglin. By 1954 the service was reduced to a daily single passenger train each way taking two and a quarter hours for the c. 40 miles (64 km) trip from Farranfore to Valentia Harbour, supplemented by two slower goods train that had passenger accommodation for all or part of journey.

### Notes

### Footnotes

1. Map Rail Ireland Viceregal Commission 1906.
2. Casserley 1974, p. 53.
3. Bairstow 2011, p. 27.
4. Baker 1972, p. 172.
5. Murray & McNeill 1976, pp. 12–13.
6. Bairstow 2011, p. 28.
7. Dean, Fred (1 April 2012). "Killorglin Station". Flickr. Retrieved 23 May 2021. Memorial stone in Killorglin.
8. Killorglin Archive Society 2014a.
9. O'Sullivan 2010, 3m 10s.
10. Killorglin Archive Society 2014b.
11. Ordnance Survey Ireland: The Gleensk Viaduct on an old map. Archived 2012-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
12. Industrial archaeology in rural Ireland: Gleensk Viaduct, Co Kerry (1893).
13. Cian Ginty: Disused Kerry railway to be signed over to council for greenway. Published on www.irishcycle.com on 23 June 2014.
14. Bairstow 2011, p. 29.
15. Murray & McNeill 1976, pp. 58, 187.
16. Bairstow 2011, p. 59.
17. Casserley 1974, p. 54.
18. Casserley 1974, pp. 53–54.
19. Clements & McMahon 2008, p. 369.
20. Clements & McMahon 2008, p. 378.
21. Casserley 1974, pp. 50, 53–54.

### Sources

## Further reading

* O'Sullivan, Patrick (2003a). *The Farranfore to Valencia Harbour Railway*. Vol. 1, Planning, construction and an outline of operation. United Kingdom: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-604-3. OCLC 59271781.
* O'Sullivan, Patrick (2003b). *The Farranfore to Valencia Harbour Railway*. Vol. 2, The life of the line : its train services, locomotives and personalities. United Kingdom: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-610-8. OCLC 59279380.

52°01′53″N 10°04′07″W / 52.03128°N 10.06850°W / 52.03128; -10.06850

## InfoBox

| Farranfore–Valentia Harbour | |
| --- | --- |
| Locomotive No 107 at Valentia Harbour | |
| Overview | |
| Termini |  |
| History | |
| Opened | * 1885 (Farranfore–Killorglin) * 1895 (Killorglin–Valentia Harbour) |
| Closed | 1960 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 39.5 mi (63.6 km) |
| Number of tracks | 1 |
| Track gauge | 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Irish gauge |
| Operating speed | 50 mph (80 km/h) |
| Route map | |


title: Marek Prawda

abstract: Marek Władysław Prawda is a Polish sociologist and diplomat; since January 2024 he serves as Undersecretary of State of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Between April 2016 and 2021 he was Head of Representation – Poland at European Commission.

text:
# Marek Prawda

**Marek Władysław Prawda** (born 1 October 1956 in Kielce) is a Polish sociologist and diplomat; since January 2024 he serves as Undersecretary of State of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Between April 2016 and 2021 he was Head of Representation – Poland at European Commission.

## Life

Prawda studied economics at the University of Leipzig and sociology at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Science. In 1979 he obtained a degree in economic studies and in 1984 a PhD degree in sociology. Until 1990 he has been working at the Polish Academy of Science. He was member of Solidarity.

In 1992 he started his diplomatic career as First Secretary to the Embassy of Poland in Bonn, Germany. In 2000 and 2005 he had been Director at the Secretariat of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

From 2001 to 2005, he served as Ambassador to Sweden, from 2006 to 2012 as Ambassador to Germany and from 2012 to 2016 as Ambassador to the European Union.

In February 2016, Prawda ended his term. In April 2016, he was appointed by Jean-Claude Juncker as Head of the European Representation in Warsaw. He ended his term in 2021.

In January 2024, he was appointed Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

While Ambassador to Germany, Prawda has been an important promoters of the German-Polish dialogue. In 2012 he has been awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Order of Merit of Brandenburg.

Prawda has published a number of articles on Polish-German relations in newspapers and magazines.

Besides Polish, he speaks English, German, French, Swedish and Russian.

## Works

* Prawda, Marek (1987), *Cykl życia jednostki a wartości pracy*, Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, p. 261, ISBN 83-04-02401-2

## InfoBox

| Marek PrawdaPh.D. | |
| --- | --- |
| Marek Prawda (2024) | |
|  | |
| Poland Ambassador to Sweden | |
| **In office**
2001–2005 | |
| Preceded by | Ryszard Czarny |
| Succeeded by | Michał Czyż |
| Poland Ambassador to Germany | |
| **In office**
2006–2012 | |
| Preceded by | Andrzej Byrt |
| Succeeded by | Jerzy Margański |
| 6. Poland Ambassador to the European Union | |
| **In office**
2012–2016 | |
| Preceded by | Jan Tombiński |
| Succeeded by | Jarosław Starzyk |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1956-10-01) October 1, 1956
Kielce |
|  | |


title: Fear of a Black Tangent

abstract: Fear of a Black Tangent is a studio album by American rapper Busdriver. It was originally released on Mush Records in 2005. In Europe, it was released on Big Dada.

text:
# Fear of a Black Tangent

***Fear of a Black Tangent*** is a studio album by American rapper Busdriver. It was originally released on Mush Records in 2005. In Europe, it was released on Big Dada.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 78/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The A.V. Club* | favorable |
| BBC | favorable |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| *Cokemachineglow* | 82/100 |
| *Exclaim!* | favorable |
| *MusicOMH* | favorable |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.9/10 |
| *PopMatters* |  |
| *Stylus Magazine* | B |

At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 78, based on 14 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Rollie Pemberton of *Stylus Magazine* gave the album a grade of B, saying: "The album is one of the few anti-industry freakouts that have appealed to me on both a conceptual and musical level, so whether or not you are familiar with Busdriver's skittering flow or innovative song structure, it's worth the time to see why he's so damn mad after all."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Yawning Zeitgeist Intro" (freestyle) | Daedelus | 1:30 |
| 2. | "Reheated Pop!" | Omid | 3:00 |
| 3. | "Unemployed Black Astronaut" | Paris Zax | 4:00 |
| 4. | "Happiness('s Unit of Measurement)" | Thavius Beck | 4:37 |
| 5. | "Avantcore" | Paris Zax | 2:24 |
| 6. | "Wormholes" | Daedelus | 4:26 |
| 7. | "Map Your Psyche" (featuring Abstract Rude and Ellay Khule) | Paris Zax | 4:15 |
| 8. | "Cool Band Buzz" | Danger Mouse | 3:28 |
| 9. | "Note Boom" | Paris Zax | 3:43 |
| 10. | "Low Flying Winged Books" | Thavius Beck | 4:56 |
| 11. | "Befriend the Friendless Friendster" | Daedelus | 3:38 |
| 12. | "Sphinx's Coonery" (featuring Myka 9 and 2Mex) | Paris Zax | 4:43 |
| 13. | "Lefty's Lament" | Daedelus | 3:41 |
| Total length: | | | 48:24 |

Expanded edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Silence" (unlisted) |  | 1:04 |
| 15. | "Avantcore (D-Styles Remix)" | D-Styles | 2:33 |
| 16. | "Happiness('s Unit of Measurement) (Prefuse 73 Remix)" | Prefuse 73 | 4:16 |
| 17. | "Unemployed Black Astronaut (Nobody Remix)" | Nobody | 4:39 |
| Total length: | | | 61:04 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Fear of a Black Tangent | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Busdriver | |
| Released | February 22, 2005 (2005-02-22) |
| Genre | Progressive rap |
| Length | 48:24 |
| Label | Mush Records |
| Producer |  |
| Busdriver chronology | |
| *Cosmic Cleavage*
(2004) ***Fear of a Black Tangent***
(2005) *RoadKillOvercoat*
(2007) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Fear of a Black Tangent* | |
| 1. "Avantcore"
Released: January 18, 2005 (2005-01-18) | |
|  | |


title: Margaret McConnell Holt

abstract: Margaret McConnell Holt (1908-1987) was an American artist. Holt was a 1930 graduate of the North Carolina College for Women, and she went on to endow a scholarship fund for the UNCG School of Music and to receive an alumni award for her ongoing support of the university. Her father, D. E. McConnell, originated Gastonia, North Carolina's first lending library in his dental office around 1900. Seventy years later, Holt and her husband, Donnel Shaw Holt, president and CEO of Cannon Mills, donated a collection of original art by North Carolina artists to the Gaston County Public Library in memory of her father. She compiled the research on the Chinqua Penn Plantation and was a well-respected artist, who was included in the thirteenth through seventeenth editions of Who's Who in American Art.

text:
# Margaret McConnell Holt

**Margaret McConnell Holt** (1908-1987) was an American artist.

Holt was a 1930 graduate of the North Carolina College for Women (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, or UNCG), and she went on to endow a scholarship fund for the UNCG School of Music and to receive an alumni award for her ongoing support of the university.

Her father, D. E. McConnell, originated Gastonia, North Carolina's first lending library in his dental office around 1900. Seventy years later, Holt and her husband, Donnel Shaw Holt, president and CEO of Cannon Mills, donated a collection of original art by North Carolina artists to the Gaston County Public Library in memory of her father. She compiled the research on the Chinqua Penn Plantation and was a well-respected artist, who was included in the thirteenth through seventeenth editions of *Who's Who in American Art*.

1. Reidsville chamber


title: Margaret McCoubrey

abstract: Margaret McCoubrey (1880–1956) was a Belfast-based Irish suffragist, pacifist, and an activist in the cooperative and labour movements. Standing for the Belfast Labour Party, she was elected to Belfast City Council in 1920..

text:
# Margaret McCoubrey

**Margaret McCoubrey** (1880–1956) was a Belfast-based Irish suffragist, pacifist, and an activist in the cooperative and labour movements. Standing for the Belfast Labour Party, she was elected to Belfast City Council in 1920..

## Life

McCoubrey nee Mearns was born on 5 January 1880 in Elderslie, near Glasgow in Scotland.

McCoubrey married an Irish trade unionist and moved to Belfast. There, in 1910 she joined the Irish Women's Suffrage Society (established in the city by Isabella Tod in 1872), and was an active militant alongside Elizabeth McCracken (the writer "L.A.M. Priestley") and Elizabeth Bell (the first woman in Ireland to qualify as a doctor and gynaecologist). When in 1913, Dorothy Evans started organizing the Women's Social and Political Union (WPSU), she followed them in joining the British organization, and travelled to London as a representative of women in the north of Ireland. The theme of self-sacrifice was paramount amongst suffragettes and Margaret McCoubrey claimed that suffragettes were continuing an Irish tradition of violent protest.

At the outbreak of the First World War, she and McCracken disagreed with the WSPU's orders to cease agitation, and instead founded a branch of the Irish Women's Franchise League in Belfast. But her efforts were bedevilled by sectarian-political differences and, with "dreams of united womanhood", were abandoned in the spring of 1915.

McCoubrey joined the peace movement and gave refuge to conscientious objectors. At that time, the majority of women in Ulster perceived pacifism as unpatriotic and female suffrage as unimportant in comparison with the dangers threatening wartime Europe. As a result, only a few suffragists remained active during the War. McCoubrey single-handedly ran a month-long peace and suffrage campaign in Belfast in August 1917, inspired by her belief that 'a woman looking down on a battlefield would not see dead Germans or dead Englishmen but so many mother's sons'.

She became general secretary of the Co-operative Women's Guild and in 1922, she was elected to represent the Irish guildswomen on the newly formed International Women's Co-operative Committee, which came into existence at Basel.

She was an active member of the Independent Labour Party, and when it emerged out of a conference of the ILP and trade unionists, of the Belfast Labour Party. In 1920, she was elected as BLP councillor for the Dock ward of Belfast.

In 1924, the BLP became in turn the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP) which desisted from taking any decided position on the "national" or "constitutional question"--i..e. on whether Northern Ireland, as constituted in 1920, should remain part of the United Kingdom or join with the Irish Free State. McCoubrey associated with a largely Protestant section of the party identified with its leading Belfast personalities, Harry Midgley and Jack Beattie, content to work within the new Northern Ireland framework and, with the British Labour Party, was reformist in outlook. In a 1926 article in *Labour Opposition*, McCoubrey expressed the hope that the labour movement would bring about a "peaceful revolution" and distanced herself from those who considered "Marxian theory" more important than the provision of Pure Milk.

McCoubrey died on 11 April 1956 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

## InfoBox

| Margaret McCoubrey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Margaret Mearns
(1880-01-05)5 January 1880
Elderslie, Scotland |
| Died | 11 April 1956(1956-04-11) (aged 76)
Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation | Suffragist |


title: Marbell

abstract: Marbell was a Japanese rock band active from 2006 to 2010 and signed to their own independent label, N-Records. The band's clothes and outfits were all designed by famed fashion designer H. Naoto.

text:
# Marbell

**Marbell** (stylized as **MarBell**) was a Japanese rock band active from 2006 to 2010 and signed to their own independent label, N-Records. The band's clothes and outfits were all designed by famed fashion designer H. Naoto.

## History

Marbell was formed in 2006 with half-Japanese half-American model Mar on vocals and Tsunoda Takanori as guitarist, producer and arranger. They were later joined by bassist Azusa and drummer yu-ya before releasing their debut album *Sister* on May 14, 2008. The band toured throughout Japan, mainly performing live in Tokyo, but also performed at the 2008 Otakon convention in the United States. Four of the songs from their album were performed by the band on May 3, 2008, on the first day of the hide memorial summit, which gave Marbell the opportunity to play for a huge audience at Ajinomoto Stadium and to honor hide, whom Tsunoda was greatly inspired by. The band was inactive throughout 2009.

On March 10, 2010, it was officially announced that Marbell had disbanded after only four years together. Vocalist Mar has since begun a solo career under the name MAA.

## Members

## Discography

## InfoBox

| MarBell | |
| --- | --- |
| MarBell performing in Tokyo, 2008. | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Tokyo, Japan |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2006–2010 |
| Labels | N-Records |
|  | |
| Past members | * Mar * Tsunoda Takanori * Azusa * yu-ya |
|  | |
| Website | www.marbell.jp |