abstract: Rainbow Lake is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) lake located in Waterford Township, Michigan. It lies west of Dixie Highway and east of Airport Rd. The 15-foot (4.6 m) deep, spring fed private lake is next to Our Lady of the Lakes school.

text:
# Rainbow Lake (Waterford Township, Michigan)

**Rainbow Lake** is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) lake located in Waterford Township, Michigan. It lies west of Dixie Highway and east of Airport Rd. The 15-foot (4.6 m) deep, spring fed private lake is next to Our Lady of the Lakes school.

## Fish

Rainbow Lake fish include Crappie and Bluegill.

## InfoBox

| Rainbow Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Rainbow LakeRainbow Lake | |
| Location | Oakland County, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 42°41′47″N 83°24′08″W / 42.696368°N 83.402186°W / 42.696368; -83.402186 |
| Type | lake |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface area | 5 acres (2.0 ha) |
| Max. depth | 15 ft (4.6 m) |
|  | |
| Settlements | Waterford Township |


title: Tibor Parák

abstract: Tibor Parák was a Hungarian geologist known for his mineral explorations and academic contributions to economic geology. Parák arrived in Sweden from Soviet-occupied Hungary as a refugee in 1956. Parák published his dissertation on the Kiruna iron ores in 1973. He proposed a sedimentary origin for the iron ore of Kiruna and investigated the connection between the ore districts of Skelleftefältet and Kirunafältet. The thesis and geological ideas of Parák received considerable attention at the time. In the 1970s Parák also envisioned the rare-earth elements in Kiruna's gangue minerals would be economically valuable in the future. He was active at LKAB as chief geologist from 1974 to 1977. In 1977 he became CEO of a new prospecting company created by LKAB. After criticizing the uranium mining project at Pleutajokk openly for its unprofitable low grade and purported environmental risks these differences made Parák leave LKAB in 1981. Parák's criticism was given some credence when years later the project was abandoned. In the 1990s he moved into consultancy being involved in various mining projects in Sweden and Brazil.

text:
# Tibor Parák

**Tibor Parák** (18 November 1928 – 30 July 2023) was a Hungarian geologist known for his mineral explorations and academic contributions to economic geology. Parák arrived in Sweden from Soviet-occupied Hungary as a refugee in 1956.

Parák published his dissertation on the Kiruna iron ores in 1973. He proposed a sedimentary origin for the iron ore of Kiruna and investigated the connection between the ore districts of Skelleftefältet and Kirunafältet. The thesis and geological ideas of Parák received considerable attention at the time. In the 1970s Parák also envisioned the rare-earth elements in Kiruna's gangue minerals would be economically valuable in the future.

He was active at LKAB as chief geologist from 1974 to 1977. In 1977 he became CEO of a new prospecting company created by LKAB. After criticizing the uranium mining project at Pleutajokk openly for its unprofitable low grade and purported environmental risks these differences made Parák leave LKAB in 1981. Parák's criticism was given some credence when years later the project was abandoned.

In the 1990s he moved into consultancy being involved in various mining projects in Sweden and Brazil.


title: HMS Jutland

abstract:
Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Jutland, after the Battle of Jutland:
  - HMS Jutland was a to have been a Battle-class destroyer. She was launched on 2 November 1945 at Hawthorn Leslie, but was never completed. The hull was used for trials in 1947 and arrived at Rosyth for breaking up in 1957.
  - HMS Jutland (D62) was another Battle-class destroyer. She was originally named HMS Malplaquet, but was renamed in 1945 before being launched in 1946. She was broken up in 1965

text:
# HMS Jutland

Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named **HMS *Jutland***, after the Battle of Jutland:

* HMS *Jutland* was a to have been a Battle-class destroyer. She was launched on 2 November 1945 at Hawthorn Leslie, but was never completed. The hull was used for trials in 1947 and arrived at Rosyth for breaking up in 1957.
* HMS *Jutland* (D62) was another Battle-class destroyer. She was originally named HMS *Malplaquet*, but was renamed in 1945 before being launched in 1946. She was broken up in 1965

* Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) \[1969\]. *Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy* (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.


title: Heer, Maastricht

abstract: Heer is a neighbourhood of Maastricht, in the Dutch province of Limburg. Heer is a former municipality and village, incorporated into Maastricht in 1970 and, until 1828, this municipality was called "Heer en Keer". The municipality covered the former villages of Heer and Scharn. It is located on the right bank of the river Meuse.

text:
# Heer, Maastricht

**Heer** is a neighbourhood of Maastricht, in the Dutch province of Limburg. Heer is a former municipality and village, incorporated into Maastricht in 1970 and, until 1828, this municipality was called "Heer en Keer". The municipality covered the former villages of Heer and Scharn. It is located on the right bank of the river Meuse.

## Impressions

50°50′26″N 5°43′37″E / 50.84056°N 5.72694°E / 50.84056; 5.72694

## InfoBox

| Heer | |
| --- | --- |
| neighbourhood & former municipality | |
| Location of Amby in Maastricht | |
| Municipality | Maastricht |
| Province | Limburg |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Population | |
| Total | 7,615 |


title: Westbrook–Ardmore Historic District

abstract: Westbrook–Ardmore Historic District is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 467 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Wilmington. The district developed as six interrelated early-20th century subdivisions between about 1914 and 1956 and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable buildings include St. Matthew's Evangelical Lutheran Church (1942), Central Church of Christ, Saint Mark Freewill Baptist Church, the Mills Store (1947), "English Cottage Style" former Pure Oil station (1936), and Art Moderne style Traveler's Service Station #3. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

text:
# Westbrook–Ardmore Historic District

**Westbrook–Ardmore Historic District** is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 467 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Wilmington. The district developed as six interrelated early-20th century subdivisions between about 1914 and 1956 and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable buildings include St. Matthew's Evangelical Lutheran Church (1942), Central Church of Christ (c. 1956), Saint Mark Freewill Baptist Church (c. 1945), the Mills Store (1947), "English Cottage Style" former Pure Oil station (1936), and Art Moderne style Traveler's Service Station #3 (c. 1951).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Westbrook–Ardmore Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Bounded by Dock St., Wrightsville Ave., Queen and Lingo Sts., and by S. 14th St., Wilmington, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 34°13′55″N 77°55′40″W / 34.23194°N 77.92778°W / 34.23194; -77.92778 |
| Area | 134 acres (54 ha) |
| Built | 1914 (1914) |
| Architect | Lynch and Foard; Fore and Foster |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/craftsman, Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 08001414 |
| Added to NRHP | February 5, 2009 |


title: National Museum of American Diplomacy

abstract: The National Museum of American Diplomacy (NMAD) is the first museum in the United States dedicated to telling the stories of American diplomacy. Its mission is to inspire discovery of how American diplomacy shapes the nation's prosperity and security. The museum is currently under development and is raising funds for its completion through a public-private partnership with the Diplomacy Center Foundation. NMAD is located at the 21st Street entrance to the Harry S Truman building in Washington, D.C. where the U.S. Department of State is headquartered. The National Museum of American Diplomacy falls under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Affairs. It was called the United States Diplomacy Center before being renamed in November 2019.

text:
# National Museum of American Diplomacy

The **National Museum of American Diplomacy** (**NMAD**) is the first museum in the United States dedicated to telling the stories of American diplomacy. Its mission is to inspire discovery of how American diplomacy shapes the nation's prosperity and security.

The museum is currently under development and is raising funds for its completion through a public-private partnership with the Diplomacy Center Foundation. **NMAD** is located at the 21st Street entrance to the Harry S Truman building in Washington, D.C. where the U.S. Department of State is headquartered. The National Museum of American Diplomacy falls under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Affairs. It was called the United States Diplomacy Center before being renamed in November 2019.

## History

In 1999, Ambassador Stephen Low and Senator Charles Mathias founded the Foreign Affairs Museum Council (FAMC), a nonprofit organization, to help build the first museum dedicated to American diplomacy. In 2000, then-U.S. secretary of state Madeleine Albright agreed for the museum to be located at the Department of State. Then-assistant secretary of state for administration Patrick F. Kennedy claimed 20,000 square feet of space for the museum. In September 2013, the Foreign Affairs Museum Council formally changed its name to the Diplomacy Center Foundation. The Diplomacy Center Foundation represents the private sector in a public-private partnership with the U.S. Department of State in creating and maintaining NMAD.

The National Capital Planning Commission approved the design in 2011. Construction of the museum officially began in late 2014. Secretary of state John Kerry as well as five former secretaries of state (Henry Kissinger, James Baker, Madeleine Albright, Colin Powell, and Hillary Clinton) attended the groundbreaking ceremony on September 3, 2014.

## Pavilion

Architect Hany Hassan of Beyer Blinder Belle designed the museum's award-winning 20,000 square-foot pavilion which extends out for visitors entering on 21st Street. Construction for the pavilion was completed in 2017. The design intends to complement the original 1941 wing of the Harry S Truman Building, the headquarters of the U.S. Department of State.

The opening hall will feature interactive exhibits to explore American diplomacy today and provide an orientation for the public about U.S. diplomats, what they do, where they are posted around the world, U.S. global bilateral and multilateral relationships, and how this all relates to the everyday lives of citizens. In November 2019, *Diplomacy Is Our Mission,* a preview exhibit designed in collaboration with Smithsonian Exhibits, opened to the public. Through the themes of security, prosperity, democracy, and development, *Diplomacy Is Our Mission* explores historic and contemporary stories that "highlight the efforts of U.S. diplomats and how they work with international partners to create a more stable world."

## Education

The National Museum of American Diplomacy aims to engage students and educators through the Museum's education programs and curricula. At the core of the center's education outreach is the diplomacy simulation program, an immersive exercise in which participants engage on a critical global issue. Working in small teams, participants step into the world of diplomacy by representing the interests of a specific stakeholder group (e.g., foreign ministries, the U.S. Department of State, NGOs, international organizations). Under set time constraints, the groups are challenged to negotiate a solution to an international crisis. Using the information provided in the simulation materials, they develop, defend and modify their group's policy positions in real time.

The museum also trains educators to run simulations using free material on its website, including a teacher's guide with links to instructional videos, scenarios with background information, and short video links featuring topic experts. Educators in turn can teach thousands of students about the art and challenges of diplomacy.

## Installations

In November 2019, "Diplomacy Is Our Mission", a preview exhibit designed in collaboration with Smithsonian Institution Exhibits (SIE), opened to the public. The museum will display Madeleine Albright's pin collection, how Shirley Temple Black was the ambassador to Ghana and then Czechoslovakia, and then the first woman to serve as U.S. chief of protocol, and also items from the TV show *Madam Secretary*.

## Partnerships

The National Museum of American Diplomacy commemorates milestones in American diplomacy, using discussions, film screenings, and ceremonies. The programs feature Foreign and Civil Service Officers, foreign policy experts, historians, and citizen diplomats. These programs take place in the Pavilion's Founding Ambassadors Concourse. NMAD hosts panel discussions on diplomacy for the general public and hosts events in partnership with other Bureaus at the State Department, outside U.S. government agencies, organizations, and embassies. NMAD also hosts outside events, such as exhibit testing and a diplomacy-centered hackathon.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.

## InfoBox

National Museum of American Diplomacy
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Washington, D.C. | |
| Established | 2000 (2000) |
| Location | Harry S Truman Building Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′40″N 77°02′54″W / 38.8944°N 77.0484°W / 38.8944; -77.0484 |
| Director | Todd Kinser (Acting) |
| Public transit access | Foggy Bottom |
| Website | diplomacy.state.gov |
| National Museum of American Diplomacy | |


title: Orhangazi

abstract: Orhangazi is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 506 km⁲, and its population is 81,110 (2022). Olive production is a major part of the economy. The archeological digs of Ilıpınar Höyüğü are in the region of Orhangazi, and can be visited. Orhangazi is located near the lake Iznik and near the Sea of Marmara. Orhangazi has a number of villages around it, connected with local buses. One of the villages, Keramet, has a natural hot springs. Main roads leading to the villages have olive fields on both sides.

text:
# Orhangazi

**Orhangazi** is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 506 km2, and its population is 81,110 (2022).

Olive production is a major part of the economy. The archeological digs of Ilıpınar Höyüğü are in the region of Orhangazi, and can be visited.

Orhangazi is located near the lake Iznik and near the Sea of Marmara. Orhangazi has a number of villages around it, connected with local buses. One of the villages, Keramet, has a natural hot springs. Main roads leading to the villages have olive fields on both sides.

## History

Orhangazi is named after Orhan I, the second sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who conquered the area of present Orhangazi in 1326. From 1867 until 1922, Orhangazi was part of Hüdavendigâr vilayet. The town was captured by the Greek Army in 1919 and its population was massacred.

## Composition

There are 31 neighbourhoods in Orhangazi District:

* Akharım
* Arapzade
* Bayırköy
* Çakırlı
* Camikebir
* Çeltikçi
* Cihanköy
* Dutluca
* Fatih
* Fındıklı
* Gedelek
* Gemiç
* Gölyaka
* Gürle
* Hamzalı
* Heceler
* Hürriyet
* Karsak
* Keramet
* Mahmudiye
* Muradiye
* Narlıca
* Örnekköy
* Ortaköy
* Paşapınar
* Sölöz
* Tekke
* Üreğil
* Yenigürle
* Yeniköy
* Yenisölöz

## Sport

The route of the 130k İznik Ultramarathon, established in 2012, passes through villages in Orhangazi district around Lake İznik. An 80k part of it, the Orhangazi Ultra, ends in Örnekköy in Orhangazi district on the route's westernmost point.

## InfoBox

| Orhangazi | |
| --- | --- |
| District and municipality | |
|  | |
| Map showing Orhangazi District in Bursa Province | |
| OrhangaziLocation in TurkeyOrhangaziOrhangazi (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 40°29′20″N 29°18′30″E / 40.48889°N 29.30833°E / 40.48889; 29.30833 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bursa |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Bekir Aydın (AKP) |
| Area | 506 km2 (195 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | 81,110 |
| Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 16800 |
| Area code | 0224 |
| Website | www.orhangazi.bel.tr |


title: Moses L. Broocks

abstract:
Moses Lycurgus Broocks was a U.S. Representative from Texas. Born near San Augustine, Texas, Broocks attended the common schools.
He was graduated from the law department of the University of Texas at Austin in 1891 and commenced practice at San Augustine.
He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1892.
He moved to Beaumont, Texas. Broocks was elected district attorney of the first judicial district of Texas in 1896 and served one term. Broocks was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-ninth Congress.
He resumed the practice of law in San Augustine, Texas, and died there May 27, 1908.
He was interred in Old Broocks Cemetery, about four miles east of San Augustine, Texas.

text:
# Moses L. Broocks

**Moses Lycurgus Broocks** (November 1, 1864 – May 27, 1908) was a U.S. Representative from Texas.

Born near San Augustine, Texas, Broocks attended the common schools. He was graduated from the law department of the University of Texas at Austin in 1891 and commenced practice at San Augustine. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1892. He moved to Beaumont, Texas.

Broocks was elected district attorney of the first judicial district of Texas in 1896 and served one term.

Broocks was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907). He resumed the practice of law in San Augustine, Texas, and died there May 27, 1908. He was interred in Old Broocks Cemetery, about four miles east of San Augustine, Texas.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Moses L. Broocks (id: B000870)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| Moses Lycurgus Broocks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 2nd district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1905  March 3, 1907 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel B. Cooper |
| Succeeded by | Samuel B. Cooper |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1864-11-01)November 1, 1864
San Augustine, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | May 27, 1908(1908-05-27) (aged 43)
San Augustine, Texas, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Texas at Austin |
|  | |


title: Las Casitas Court

abstract: Las Casitas Court is a bungalow court located at 656 N. Summit Ave. in Pasadena, California. The court, which was built in 1916, consists of ten buildings containing twelve residential units and arranged in two rows; the rows of homes flank a narrow courtyard with two walking paths. The homes in the court were designed in the American Craftsman style, and the court is one of the few surviving Craftsman-styled courts. The first four houses from the street in each row feature gable roofs with wide eaves and porches with shed roofs, while the last two houses have pergolas over their entries. The courtyard includes a torii and decorative boulders. The court was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 11, 1983.

text:
# Las Casitas Court

**Las Casitas Court** is a bungalow court located at 656 N. Summit Ave. in Pasadena, California. The court, which was built in 1916, consists of ten buildings containing twelve residential units and arranged in two rows; the rows of homes flank a narrow courtyard with two walking paths. The homes in the court were designed in the American Craftsman style, and the court is one of the few surviving Craftsman-styled courts. The first four houses from the street in each row feature gable roofs with wide eaves and porches with shed roofs, while the last two houses have pergolas over their entries. The courtyard includes a torii and decorative boulders.

The court was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 11, 1983.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Las Casitas Court | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 656 N. Summit Ave., Pasadena, California |
| Coordinates | 34°9′26″N 118°8′51″W / 34.15722°N 118.14750°W / 34.15722; -118.14750 |
| Area | 0.4 acres (0.16 ha) |
| Built | 1916 (1916) |
| Architectural style | American Craftsman |
| MPS | Bungalow Courts of Pasadena TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 83001196 |
| Added to NRHP | July 11, 1983 |


title: Miran Burgić

abstract: Miran Burgić is a Slovenian retired footballer. He was sports director at Gorica from 2019 until 2020.

text:
# Miran Burgić

**Miran Burgić** (Slovene pronunciation: \[ˈmiɾam ˈbuɾɡitʃ\]; born 25 September 1984) is a Slovenian retired footballer.

He was sports director at Gorica from 2019 until 2020.

## Club career

In the 2005–06 season, while playing for Gorica, Burgič was the top goalscorer of the Slovenian League with 24 goals in 35 games. At that time he was a prospect for French, Swiss and German clubs. However, Burgić signed for AIK in the summer of 2006. In his home debut he scored two goals against Östers IF. Immediately he showed great ability to score in the penalty area with both feet and headers. Due to two severe knee injuries he did not reach his top level during his spell in Sweden.

During the summer 2008 when Burgič was back after injury he scored several goals and was close to a transfer to Greek side AEK Athens. However, he was stopped by then manager Rikard Norling, who considered him crucial for the team. After the 2008 season Norling got the sack and was replaced by Mikael Stahre. Burgič got the first half of the season destroyed by a knee-injury, and after his recovery he was not considered first choice among the strikers. In the same year the club won the title for the first time in eleven years, but Burgic only did nine appearances, including being substituted lately in the decisive game against IFK Göteborg where the club secured the title.

After the 2009 season Burgič wanted a new challenge and decided to not extend his contract that was about to expire in the summer of 2010. At the same time he was aspiring for a place in the Slovene national team that was about to participate in the World Cup. The club faced a tough campaign and had to fight to avoid relegation, and despite only playing occasionally, Burgič managed to score five goals, including two against Kalmar FF in a 3-0-win. In his last game for AIK, which was also the club's last game before the break for the World Cup, he scored a hat-trick in the club's 4-1-win against Åtvidaberg.

Shortly after it was announced that he had signed a contract with Austrian side Wacker Innsbruck on a free transfer. In the Austrian club he got somewhat of a new role, where he acted more of a second-striker.

In summer 2012 Burgič left Wacker Innsbruck since the club's finances were in terrible state. He later signed for Israeli side Hapoel Ramat Gan in the Israeli Premier League.

## International career

Burgić made his debut for Slovenia in an October 2006 European Championship qualification match against Luxembourg, coming on as a 85th-minute substitute for Klemen Lavrič, and earned a total of 5 caps, scoring no goals. Despite not playing regularly during the spring of 2010, Burgič was on the verge to break into the Slovenian squad that participated in the World Cup, and was included in the initial 30-man squad. However, he did not make the final cut. His final international was a November 2008 friendly match against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Honours

### Club

ND Gorica AIK Hapoel Ramat Gan

### Individual

## InfoBox

Miran Burgić
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Miran Burgić | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-09-25) 25 September 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Trbovlje, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1991–1999 | Zagorje | | |
| 1999–2003 | Gorica | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003–2006 | Gorica | 76 | (30) |
| 2006–2010 | AIK | 63 | (16) |
| 2010–2012 | Wacker Innsbruck | 67 | (11) |
| 2012–2013 | Hapoel Ramat Gan | 19 | (1) |
| 2014 | Ethnikos Achna | 18 | (3) |
| 2014–2015 | Olimpija Ljubljana | 21 | (1) |
| 2015–2018 | Gorica | 72 | (23) |
| International career | | | |
| 2004–2005 | Slovenia U20 | 2 | (0) |
| 2004–2006 | Slovenia U21 | 12 | (4) |
| 2006–2008 | Slovenia | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Katatsumuri Samba

abstract:
"Katatsumuri Samba" (かたつむりサンバ) is the 8th single by the Japanese idol girl group Onyanko Club. It was released in Japan on May 21, 1987.
It held the record for being the worst-sold number 1 single for a while.

text:
# Katatsumuri Samba

"**Katatsumuri Samba**" (かたつむりサンバ) is the 8th single by the Japanese idol girl group Onyanko Club. It was released in Japan on May 21, 1987. It held the record for being the worst-sold number 1 single for a while.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Yasushi Akimoto; all music is composed by Tsugutoshi Gotō

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Katatsumuri Samba" (かたつむりサンバ) |  |
| 2. | "Meshibe to Oshibe" (めしべとおしべ) |  |

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan (Oricon) | 1 |

## InfoBox

| "Katatsumuri Samba" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Onyanko Club | |
| Language | Japanese |
| A-side | "Katatsumuri Samba" |
| B-side | "Meshibe to Oshibe" |
| Released | May 21, 1987 (1987-05-21) |
| Label | Canyon |
| Composer(s) | Tsugutoshi Gotō |
| Lyricist(s) | Yasushi Akimoto |
| Onyanko Club singles chronology | |
| "No More Renai Gokko"
(1987) "**Katatsumuri Samba**"
(1987) "Wedding Dress"
(1987) | |


title: Waldorf Blofeld

abstract: The Waldorf Blofeld is a synthesizer combining virtual analogue synthesis with wavetable synthesis and FM synthesis. It is available as a small desktop unit and as a 49 key velocity and aftertouch sensitive keyboard version. The keyboard version features extra performance controls; these comprise two performance wheels and up/down transpose keys to shift the range of the keyboard. It is named after the character Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the leader of the fictional SPECTRE organisation from Ian Fleming's James Bond series; this lends its name to the sound management computer application SPECTRE, used to send audio and firmware data to the synthesizer. Two subsequent Waldorf synthesizers have been named after Bond villains; the Stromberg and Largo. The 25-voice, 16 part multitimbral instrument is marketed as a low-cost unit that can reproduce the sounds from previous Waldorf synthesizers in the Q, also named after a James Bond character, and Wave lines. Both versions feature a stereo output, headphone output and a USB port for computer control and firmware updates. The desktop unit has MIDI In and the keyboard unit has both In and Out. The desktop unit is powered by an external power supply. A number of sound packs are available for purchase. Some require a specific sample licence, again at an additional cost.

text:
# Waldorf Blofeld

The **Waldorf Blofeld** is a synthesizer combining virtual analogue synthesis with wavetable synthesis and FM synthesis. It is available as a small desktop unit and as a 49 key velocity and aftertouch sensitive keyboard version. The keyboard version features extra performance controls; these comprise two performance wheels and up/down transpose keys to shift the range of the keyboard. It is named after the character Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the leader of the fictional SPECTRE organisation from Ian Fleming's James Bond series; this lends its name to the sound management computer application SPECTRE, used to send audio and firmware data to the synthesizer. Two subsequent Waldorf synthesizers have been named after Bond villains; the Stromberg and Largo.

The 25-voice, 16 part multitimbral instrument is marketed as a low-cost unit that can reproduce the sounds from previous Waldorf synthesizers in the Q, also named after a James Bond character, and Wave lines.

Both versions feature a stereo output, headphone output and a USB port for computer control and firmware updates. The desktop unit has MIDI In and the keyboard unit has both In and Out. The desktop unit is powered by an external power supply.

A number of sound packs are available for purchase. Some require a specific sample licence, again at an additional cost.

## Further reading

Notable users Psychotica, Susanne Sundfor

## InfoBox

| Blofeld | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Manufacturer | Waldorf Music |
| Dates | 2007 |
| Price | £349 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Polyphony | up to 25-voices |
| Timbrality | 16-part |
| Oscillator | 3 per voice |
| LFO | 3 per voice |
| Synthesis type | Analog modeling, Wavetable, FM |
| Filter | 2 multimode per voice |
| Effects | Chorus, flanger, phaser, overdrive, delay, reverb |
| Input/output | |
| Keyboard | None or 49-key |
| External control | MIDI (Module, In only; keyboard, In/Out), USB |


title: Pierre Dubois Davaugour

abstract: Baron Pierre Dubois Davaugour was the French soldier and Governor of New France from 1661 to 1663. He was related to the old family who were counts and dukes of Penthièvre in Brittany. Davaugour was a career soldier in the French Army and died while fighting against Turks in Serinvans-Zrin at a fortress on the border with French ally and Habsburg controlled Kingdom of Croatia during the Austro-Turkish War. Charles Augustin de Saffray de Mésy succeeded him as Governor of New France.

text:
# Pierre Dubois Davaugour

**Baron Pierre Dubois Davaugour** (before 1620–1664) was the French soldier and Governor of New France from 1661 to 1663.

He was related to the old family who were counts and dukes of Penthièvre in Brittany. Davaugour was a career soldier (40 years) in the French Army and died while fighting against Turks in Serinvans-Zrin at a fortress (likely Zrin Castle) on the border with French ally and Habsburg controlled Kingdom of Croatia during the Austro-Turkish War.

Charles Augustin de Saffray de Mésy succeeded him as Governor of New France.

* Eccles, W.J. (1979) \[1966\]. "Dubois Davaugour, Pierre". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). *Dictionary of Canadian Biography*. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
* Roy, J. Edmond (1907). "Pierre du Bois, Baron d'Avaugour". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). *Catholic Encyclopedia*. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


title: National Ambient Air Quality Objectives

abstract: The first Canadian National Ambient Air Quality Objectives were developed in the mid-1970s. These objectives were set for various air pollutants. The NAAQO had three levels indicating severity and also evaluated effect levels. In 1992, a review of the NAAQOs suggested that many air pollutants had no effect thresholds. As such, scientifically defensible effect levels could not be identified. In 2000, the revised NAAQOs framework specifies a Reference Level, above which there are demonstrated effects on human health and/or the environment, and an Air Quality Objective (AQO), which is meant to be protective for the general public and environment and which also considers aspects of technical feasibility. This approach is different from how the National Ambient Air Quality Standards are set in the US, where cost is explicitly not considered in the proposal to strengthen the air quality standards to protect human health and the environment. In addition, the US NAAQS are periodically reviewed, frequently strengthened, commonly enforced and allow serious legal penalties if the standards are not met. In contrast, the Canadian NAAQOs are infrequently reviewed, rarely strengthened, not enforced, and the only penalty for not meeting the Canadian NAAQOs is shame. The original NAAQOs have not been formally revised to the new two-level system. As an interim approach, data are compared with the existing desirable and acceptable NAAQOs for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. The air quality objectives must be consistent with the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) 1999. They must also be based on scientific principles, such as risk assessment and risk management. The NAAQOs are set by the federal government based on recommendations from a National Advisory Committee and Working Group on Air Quality Objectives and Guidelines. Provincial governments have the option of adopting these either as objectives or as enforceable standards according to their legislation. The NAQOs were made with the intention to protect the general population as well as the environment from the harm of bad air quality. The executive summary of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives states the effect of air pollutants on the environment include less than desired growth conditions for vegetation and the adverse health effects on people include an increased risk of death and lung disease. One recognized pollutant is carbon monoxide, CO, which the NAAQOs have set the desired levels as previously mentioned. For CO, the maximum desirable level over one hour is 13 ppm and 5 ppm over eight hours, the maximum acceptable level is 30 ppm over one hour and 13 ppm over eight hours, and finally the maximum tolerable level is 17.4 ppm over eight hours. For other pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide, SO2, the levels are also described as reported by McKitrick and Aliakbari. The standards are also described on the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) website titled "Canada's Air" along with other graphical data that show air pollution trends in the country. Since the objectives must be subject to a scientific assessment there are many studies done on air pollutants in the Canadian region such as one study done in the Vancouver area that measures the sensitivity of ozone to nitrous oxide or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Furthermore, in an archived report some considerations offered were to focus on a 24 hour range rather than the peak exposure times as some of the data suggests. It also mentions that it is wise to keep in mind that the data described varies by region so the levels could be different in multiple areas depending on their own lifestyles.

text:
# National Ambient Air Quality Objectives

The first **Canadian National Ambient Air Quality Objectives** were developed in the mid-1970s. These objectives were set for various air pollutants. The NAAQO had three levels indicating severity (maximum desirable, acceptable and tolerable levels) and also evaluated effect levels (maximum desirable, acceptable and tolerable levels).

In 1992, a review of the NAAQOs suggested that many air pollutants had no effect thresholds (e.g. tropospheric ozone or very low effect thresholds). As such, scientifically defensible effect levels could not be identified. In 2000, the revised NAAQOs framework specifies a **Reference Level**, above which there are demonstrated effects on human health and/or the environment, and an **Air Quality Objective** (AQO), which is meant to be protective for the general public and environment and which also considers aspects of technical feasibility. This approach is different from how the National Ambient Air Quality Standards are set in the US, where cost is explicitly not considered in the proposal to strengthen the air quality standards to protect human health and the environment. In addition, the US NAAQS are periodically reviewed, frequently strengthened, commonly enforced and allow serious legal penalties if the standards are not met. In contrast, the Canadian NAAQOs are infrequently reviewed, rarely strengthened, not enforced, and the only penalty for not meeting the Canadian NAAQOs is shame.

The original NAAQOs have not been formally revised to the new two-level system. As an interim approach, data are compared with the existing desirable and acceptable NAAQOs for sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone.

The air quality objectives must be consistent with the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) 1999. They must also be based on scientific principles, such as risk assessment and risk management. The NAAQOs are set by the federal government based on recommendations from a National Advisory Committee and Working Group on Air Quality Objectives and Guidelines. Provincial governments have the option of adopting these either as objectives or as enforceable standards according to their legislation.

The NAQOs were made with the intention to protect the general population as well as the environment from the harm of bad air quality. The executive summary of the National Ambient Air Quality Objectives states the effect of air pollutants on the environment include less than desired growth conditions for vegetation and the adverse health effects on people include an increased risk of death and lung disease. One recognized pollutant is carbon monoxide, CO, which the NAAQOs have set the desired levels as previously mentioned. For CO, the maximum desirable level over one hour is 13 ppm and 5 ppm over eight hours, the maximum acceptable level is 30 ppm over one hour and 13 ppm over eight hours, and finally the maximum tolerable level is 17.4 ppm over eight hours. For other pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide, SO2, the levels are also described as reported by McKitrick and Aliakbari.

The standards are also described on the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) website titled "Canada's Air" along with other graphical data that show air pollution trends in the country. Since the objectives must be subject to a scientific assessment there are many studies done on air pollutants in the Canadian region such as one study done in the Vancouver area that measures the sensitivity of ozone to nitrous oxide or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Furthermore, in an archived report some considerations offered were to focus on a 24 hour range rather than the peak exposure times as some of the data suggests. It also mentions that it is wise to keep in mind that the data described varies by region so the levels could be different in multiple areas depending on their own lifestyles.


title: Harald the Stalwart

abstract: Harald the Stalwart is a 1946 Swedish historical adventure film directed by Hampe Faustman and starring George Fant, Georg Rydeberg and Elsie Albiin. It was shot at the Helsinki studios of Suomen Filmiteollisuus and on location on the island of Suomenlinna. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Bertil Duroj and Karl Fager.

text:
# Harald the Stalwart

***Harald the Stalwart*** (Swedish: ***Harald Handfaste***) is a 1946 Swedish historical adventure film directed by Hampe Faustman and starring George Fant, Georg Rydeberg and Elsie Albiin. It was shot at the Helsinki studios of Suomen Filmiteollisuus and on location on the island of Suomenlinna. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Bertil Duroj and Karl Fager.

## Synopsis

In fifteenth century Sweden a local highwaymen leads the oppressed peasantry against the tyrannical rule of a foreign bailiff. In order to seek revenge the bailiff plans to marry Karin, the rebel's beloved. When she refuses he decides instead to execute her.

## Cast

1. Qvist & Von Bagh p.74

## Bibliography

* Qvist, Per Olov & von Bagh, Peter. *Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland*. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.

## InfoBox

| Harald the Stalwart | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Hampe Faustman |
| Written by | Paul Baudisch
Arne Bornebusch
Adolf Schütz |
| Starring | George Fant
Georg Rydeberg
Elsie Albiin |
| Cinematography | Felix Forsman |
| Edited by | Hans Gullander |
| Music by | Jules Sylvain |
| Production
company | Film AB Lux |
| Distributed by | Film AB Lux |
| Release date | * 26 December 1946 (1946-12-26) |
| Running time | 74 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Orient Overseas (International) Limited

abstract: Orient Overseas (International) Limited (OOIL) is a Hong Kong, China based investment holding company involved in international transportation and logistics, and property investment and property development. It is the parent company of Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL), one of the world's largest container shipping companies.

text:
# Orient Overseas (International) Limited

**Orient Overseas (International) Limited** (**OOIL**) is a Hong Kong, China based investment holding company involved in international transportation and logistics, and property investment and property development. It is the parent company of Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL), one of the world's largest container shipping companies.

## History

### Orient Overseas

Founder of Orient Overseas, Tung Chao-yung, operated the first all-Chinese crewed ship between Hong Kong and Europe and the east coast of the United States in 1947. However, Tung Chao-yung already established his Hong Kong operation in 1937. He was the vice-president of Shipowners Association in Tianjin at that time.

Tung Chao-yung then named the company Orient Overseas Line. In 1969, the business was renamed as Orient Overseas Container Line.

The holding company of the group, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) Limited, was incorporated on 27 February 1973. It was a listed company in Hong Kong, Far East and Kam Ngan stock exchanges since May 1973. These exchanges were merged in 1986. Jardine Matheson was a minority shareholder of the listed company.

In 1973, Orient Overseas Line purchased passenger liner *SS President Cleveland* and renamed *Oriental President*.

In 1974, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) acquired a bulk freighter company from the Tung family's C.Y. Tung Group, for HK$43 million. In 1976, the listed company acquired additional assets from the Tung family, including two container ships and 33% shares of another container shipping company, Dart Container Service.

In 1980, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) acquired a British shipping company, Furness, Withy & Co.

Shortly before the death of Tung Chao-yung in 1982, Tung Chee-hwa, his eldest son, succeeded to be the chairman of Orient Overseas.

In 1983, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) Limited, was renamed to Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited.

In February 1986, Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited submitted a plan to the creditors for re-structuring the group of companies, including the formation of a new business unit centered on Orient Overseas Container Line Limited. In October, Crédit Commercial de France cancelled the application to the court on liquidate Orient Overseas. Orient Overseas was suspended in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) due to its financial problem, which the suspension was lifted in February 1987. In the same year, Orient Overseas announced to consider to close down the oil drilling business unit. In November, the group announced to sell some subsidiaries of group, such as Kuwait Hong Kong General Insurance and others companies. The insurance and oil drilling businesses were acquired by China Merchants Group.

In May 1988, Orient Overseas acquired additional stakes in the Terminal No. 2, 4 and 6 of Kwai Tsing Container Terminals from Hongkong International Terminals Limited.

### Orient Overseas (International) Limited

Orient Overseas (International) Limited (OOIL), was incorporated in Bermuda on 29 July 1986. Some time later, it became the new holding company of the group. OOIL became a listed company on 31 July 1992. OOIL's predecessor, Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited (OOHL), ceased to become a listed company in the same year. Each OOHL's share is offered 1.08431411 shares of OOIL in exchange. Orient Overseas (Holdings) was deregistered and dissolved in 2005.

The listed company also sold the stake in Furness Withy and the Kwai Tsing Container Terminals during its restructuring. The company paid dividend again in 1994, the first time since the restructuring.

In 1996, Tung Chee-chen, Tung Chao-yung's younger son and Tung Chee-wah's younger brother, took over the chairman position of OOIL, since Tung Chee-wah's election as Chief Executive of Hong Kong.

In 2006, Orient Overseas sold four container terminals to the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.

In July 2017, OOIL received a US$6.3 billion take over bid from its Chinese rival, COSCO Shipping. The bid has been accepted by the Tung family, subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. The takeover was completed in 2018.

In April 2019, OOIL sold a container terminal in Long Beach to Macquarie Group for US$1.78 billion.

In May 2019, Amnesty International was denied to lease Wall Street Plaza, an office building located in New York. The building is owned by Orient Overseas' subsidiary, Orient Overseas Associates.

## InfoBox

Orient Overseas (International) Limited
|
|  |
| Trade name | * Orient Overseas * OOIL |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | SEHK: 316 |
| Industry | Shipping and logistics |
| Predecessor | Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited |
| Founded | * 1947 * 1986 (as OOIL) |
| Founder | Tung Chao-yung |
| Headquarters | Hong Kong, China |
| Key people | * Gary Jacob Yu (CEO) * Lianne Chiu (COO * Kaye Alexandrine Ang, CMA (CFO) |
| Owner | COSCO Shipping |
| Number of employees | 10,436 (2020) |
| Parent | COSCO Shipping |
| Subsidiaries |  |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 東方海外（國際）有限公司 |
| Transcriptions | |
| Orient Overseas | |
| Traditional Chinese | 東方海外 |
| Transcriptions | |
| Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited | |
| Traditional Chinese | 東方海外實業有限公司 |
| Transcriptions | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Website | www.ooilgroup.com |


title: Valerie Gearon

abstract: Valerie Winifred Gearon was a British actress, born in Newport, Monmouthshire. She was known for Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), Nine Hours to Rama (1963) and Invasion (1966). From 1962 to 1970 she was married to British producer William Rory "Kip" Gowans, with whom she had children. She died in Bath, Somerset, England.

text:
# Valerie Gearon

**Valerie Winifred Gearon** (27 September 1937  9 July 2003) was a British actress, born in Newport, Monmouthshire. She was known for *Anne of the Thousand Days* (1969), *Nine Hours to Rama* (1963) and *Invasion* (1966). From 1962 to 1970 she was married to British producer William Rory "Kip" Gowans, with whom she had children. She died in Bath, Somerset, England.

## Filmography

### Cinema

### Television

## InfoBox

| Valerie Gearon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Valerie Winifred Gearon
(1937-09-27)27 September 1937
Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales |
| Died | 9 July 2003(2003-07-09) (aged 65)
Bath, Somerset, England |
| Nationality | Welsh |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: Laura Millar

abstract: Laura Agnes Millar is an independent consultant and scholar in records, archives, and information management who has also worked in publishing and distance education. She has consulted with governments, universities, colleges, professional associations, non-profit organizations, and other agencies in Canada and around the world.

text:
# Laura Millar

**Laura Agnes Millar** is an independent consultant and scholar in records, archives, and information management who has also worked in publishing and distance education. She has consulted with governments, universities, colleges, professional associations, non-profit organizations, and other agencies in Canada and around the world.

## Career

### Education

She received her Master of Archival Studies degree from the University of British Columbia in 1984 and her PhD in archival science from University College London in 1996.

### Publications

A prolific writer, Millar has published dozens of articles in peer reviewed journals on the administration of archives. She was awarded the Association of Canadian Archivists' William Kaye Lamb prize twice, for articles published in Archivaria in 2003 and 2015. She has also written a number of books on information management including The Story Behind the Book: Preserving Authors' and Publishers' Archives, published by Simon Fraser University in 2009. She was named the winner of the Society of American Archivists' 2011 Waldo Gifford Leland Award for *Archives: Principles and Practices* now in its second edition and recognized by universities and colleges internationally as a standard textbook in archival management. Her latest book *A Matter of Facts: The Value of Evidence in the Information Age*, was co-published by the American Library Association and the Society of American Archivists in June 2019. Millar has worked with such diverse groups as the Taku River Tlingit First Nations, the United Nations, the International Records Management Trust, the Government of Hong Kong, the Alaska State Archives, the Government of Bermuda, the Open University of Sri Lanka, the Government of Alberta and McGill University.

Millar received the University of British Columbia's SLAIS Alumni Service and Leadership Award in 2011 and made a Fellow of the Association of Canadian Archivists in 2016. In 2017 she was identified as a "Change Maker": a designation given by the British Columbia Museums Association to British Columbians who have made a "substantial contribution to the cultural field" in the province. In January 2018 she was appointed an Honorary Senior Research Associate at University College London, England.

### Today

Her present research interests include the concept of record-keeping and the relationship between information, knowledge, and personal and social memory. She is also studying the relationship between human rights and record-keeping around the world.

Millar lives with her husband in the community of Roberts Creek, on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Canada.


title: Miran (footballer)

abstract: Richard Garcia Miranda da Silva, commonly known as Miran, is a Brazilian footballer who last played for Luxembourg club FC Mamer 32 as a centre forward.

text:
# Miran (footballer)

**Richard Garcia Miranda da Silva** (born 15 October 1975), commonly known as **Miran**, is a Brazilian footballer who last played for Luxembourg club FC Mamer 32 as a centre forward.

## Football career

Born in São Paulo, Miran started playing organized football already well into his 20s. In 2001, he moved to Portugal and signed with S.C. Braga, being relatively used during his sole season as the team finished in tenth position.

Miran continued playing in the country in six of the following seven years, helping C.F. Estrela da Amadora promote to the Primeira Liga in 2003 with a career-best ten goals in 28 games. He also represented, always in the second division, C.D. Santa Clara, S.C. Beira-Mar, Portimonense S.C. and Varzim SC. In the 2007–08 campaign he played in Bulgaria, with FC Vihren Sandanski.

In late March 2010, after a brief spell in Angola, Miran joined English club Atherstone Town after his international clearance was granted. He made his debut as a substitute in a 0–1 home defeat against Woodford United, on 10 April.

After one season back in Portugal with lowly C.D. Pinhalnovense, Miran returned to top flight football in Luxembourg, with FC Progrès Niedercorn. He continued competing in the latter nation in the next years, representing SC Steinfort, FC UNA Strassen and FC Mamer 32.

* Miran at Sambafoot (archived)
* Miran at ForaDeJogo (archived)

## InfoBox

Miran
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Richard Garcia Miranda da Silva | | |
| Date of birth | (1975-10-15) 15 October 1975 | | |
| Place of birth | São Paulo, Brazil | | |
| Height | 1.92 m (6 ft 4 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1999–2001 | Sampaio Corrêa |  |  |
| 2001–2002 | Braga | 20 | (5) |
| 2002–2004 | Estrela Amadora | 56 | (14) |
| 2004–2005 | Santa Clara | 18 | (0) |
| 2005–2006 | Beira-Mar | 19 | (3) |
| 2006–2007 | Portimonense | 10 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | Vihren | 13 | (2) |
| 2008–2009 | Varzim | 23 | (1) |
| 2009 | Progresso | ? | (3) |
| 2010 | Atherstone Town | 1 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | Pinhalnovense | 25 | (6) |
| 2011–2012 | Progrès | 21 | (5) |
| 2012–2013 | Steinfort |  |  |
| 2013–2014 | UNA Strassen | 28 | (7) |
| 2015–2016 | Mamer 32 | 34 | (9) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 2 October 2016 | | | |


title: Thunderer (Marvel Comics)

abstract: The Thunderer is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Timely Comics.

text:
# Thunderer (Marvel Comics)

The **Thunderer** (**Jerry Carstairs**) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Timely Comics.

## Publication history

He first appeared in *Daring Mystery Comics* #7 (Timely, April 1941) and was created by John Compton and Carl Burgos. He returned in issue #8 (Jan 1942). In *All Winners Comics* #6 (Sept 1942), he changed his hero name to the Black Avenger. This was his last Golden Age appearance. The Thunderer wore a red costume with blue highlights, but the color scheme was reversed on the covers.

## Fictional character biography

Frustrated that the United States did not seem to be dealing with crime or Nazi saboteurs, radio operator Jerry Carstairs created a costume with a built-in microphone and fought for justice as the Thunderer. In his first recorded appearance, Jerry learned that radio station WWLX was really a front for Nazi Fifth Columnists who were transmitting secret messages hidden in music. Learning that they were targeting his girlfriend Eileen Conroy, a newspaper reporter, he foiled their operation. In order to protect his secret identity, Jerry acted like a meek weakling while in his civilian guise. Thunderer later uncovered the machinations of a hideously deformed dwarf named Gore who hated beautiful people so much that he rigged Morse code death traps that killed his victims over the radio. The Thunderer destroyed his operation, and Gore was killed in a house fire caused by faulty wiring in his equipment.

Thunderer's activities were few and far between due to the limitations his position with the FCC provided in giving him leads to criminal or spy activities. The Thunderer briefly changed his name (but not his costume) to the Black Avenger. In the fall of 1942, the FBI caught a Nazi spy that resembled Jerry and convinced him to go undercover to try and expose the spy ring that was sending defense secrets back to Nazi Germany. As the Black Avenger, Jerry managed to round up the Nazis including their leader Kurt Weidner and turn him over to justice

Alongside a number of other heroes, the Thunderer participated in an air drop on a Nazi stronghold.

The Thunderer attended a reunion of World War II costumed heroes.

In 1943, the Black Avenger was among a number of heroes who were slain by the Cosmic Cube-wielding Red Skull and impaled on a massive wall. However, the Cosmic Cube was recovered by Private Paul Anslen who resurrected all the slain heroes who aided the combined efforts of the Invaders and the time displaced New Avengers and Mighty Avengers. When Red Skull was defeated, the heroes used the Cosmic Cube to wipe out the Black Avenger's memories of the event to preserve history.

During the "Last Days" part of the *Secret Wars* storyline, Thunderer is seen as a resident of Valhalla Villas (a retirement home for ex-heroes and ex-villains in Miami). He was temporarily de-aged during the Incursion between Earth-616 and Earth-1610.

In *Marvel Comics* #1000, it was revealed that Jerry was a subject in a side project of Project Rebirth, the government project that created Captain America, called Project Thunderer. Thunderer's mask is a magical item called the Eternity Mask, which was created by a group of renegade occultists from Eternity's own substance during the days of King Arthur. When his friend William Naslund, the Spirit of '76 (as Captain America) was killed by the android Adam II, Thunderer blamed the Scientists' Guild, also known as the Three Xs and later the Enclave, for their role in Naslund's death as they were responsible for bankrolling Professor Horton to create another android like the Human Torch, as well as supplying Adam-II's programming with the Three Xs's ideas for the next stage of mankind, leading to the android's madness. Changing his identity to Dark Avenger, Carstairs swears to take down the Three Xs. However, Carstairs was killed and the Eternity Mask taken by the Enclave. His corpse would be found by Marvel Boy, with a recording to stop the Scientists Guild.

## Powers and abilities

Thunderer is an expert hand-to-hand combatant and possesses a powerful sonic scream derived from his costume.

## In other media

The Thunderer appears in the *Spider-Man* five-part episode "Six Forgotten Warriors", voiced by Hansford Rowe in the present and Brett King in a flashback. This version, along with the Black Marvel, the Destroyer, Miss America, and the Whizzer, obtained his powers from a flawed attempt at recreating the process that empowered Captain America during World War II, which he regulates with a special ring. After Captain America apparently sacrificed himself to stop the Red Skull from activating a Doomsday machine, Thunderer and the other heroes took possession of the machine's activation keys and retired. In the present, the Kingpin sends the Insidious Six to gather the keys. The Thunderer is the last to be located, as he had stayed close to the base the Doomsday machine was held in to guard it while disguised as a homeless man. The Thunderer later joins forces with the other heroes, Captain America, and Spider-Man in fighting the Kingpin's, and later the Red Skull's, forces.

## InfoBox

| Thunderer | |
| --- | --- |
| Thunderer (center front) as depicted in his first appearance of *Daring Mystery Comics* #7 | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| First appearance | as the **Thunderer**:
*Daring Mystery Comics* #7 (Timely, April 1941)
as **Black Avenger**:
*All-Winners Comics* #6 (Timely, Fall 1942) |
| Created by | John Compton
Carl Burgos |
| In-story information | |
| Alter ego | Jerry Carstairs |
| Team affiliations | Six American Warriors |
| Notable aliases | Black Avenger |
| Abilities | Good hand to hand combatant
High-impact voice amplification |


title: Waltham Model 1857

abstract:
The Waltham Model 1857 is a watch made by the American Watch Company, later called the Waltham Watch Company in Waltham, Massachusetts. The Model 1857 was first made in 1857. Prior to that year, pocket watches were not made of standard parts and repairing and making the watches was difficult and expensive. The American Watch Company created and marketed the first successful industrialized watch. Before 1857, The Boston Watch Company made and sold approximately 5,000 movements and 4,000 cases before it failed financially, and in the factory at the time there was an estimated 1,300 watches in various stages of production that had yet to be finished into complete watches. In the spring of 1857, the Boston Watch Company did not have enough money to stay running and was forced into insolvency. Most pocket watches were made in England or France, so this was a test for early American manufacturing to take and produce items better than the countries in Europe, which at the time were in the middle of the industrial revolution. Most of the Model 57 pocket watches were in coin silver, which is 90% pure.
American system of watch manufacturing on Wikipedia is a great side reference on the Waltham Model 57 Pocket Watch

text:
# Waltham Model 1857

The **Waltham Model 1857** is a watch made by the American Watch Company, later called the Waltham Watch Company in Waltham, Massachusetts.

The Model 1857 was first made in 1857. Prior to that year, pocket watches were not made of standard parts and repairing and making the watches was difficult and expensive. The American Watch Company created and marketed the first successful industrialized watch.

Before 1857, The **Boston Watch Company** made and sold approximately 5,000 movements and 4,000 cases before it failed financially, and in the factory at the time there was an estimated 1,300 watches in various stages of production that had yet to be finished into complete watches. In the spring of 1857, the Boston Watch Company did not have enough money to stay running and was forced into insolvency.

Most pocket watches were made in England or France, so this was a test for early American manufacturing to take and produce items better than the countries in Europe, which at the time were in the middle of the industrial revolution. Most of the Model 57 pocket watches were in coin silver, which is 90% pure. American system of watch manufacturing on Wikipedia is a great side reference on the Waltham Model 57 Pocket Watch

## President Abraham Lincoln's Waltham Pocket Watch

In tribute, upon the Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln was presented with a **William Ellery**, key wind watch **Waltham Model 1857**, serial number **67613**. This watch is now in the collection of the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC.

## Winding and setting the Model 57

The majority of 1857 model Waltham movements are keywind from the rear and keyset from the front. A small amount of the total production of 1857 model movements were fitted with a stemwind mechanism from the factory. The earliest stemwind 1857 movements were fitted with no reversing clutch on the winding stem, and had no setting mechanism; these early movements required using a key to set the time. Later stemwind movements were lever setting, with a unique design of set lever which pivoted out from the movement rather than pulling out. Later 1857 movements also added a reversing clutch, a feature ubiquitous on all subsequent Waltham stemwind watches. All stemwind 1857 movements have the winding stem located at 3:00.

Some stemwind 1857 movements were fitted with a screw which could be used to lock the winding click into the "off" position to allow the mainspring to be let down. This feature can be identified as a small screw head on the barrel bridge with the word "patent" next to it.

Surviving 1857 model movements also occasionally turn up fitted with an Abbot's patent stemwind conversion.

1. "Evolution Of The First Successful Industrialized Watch" (PDF). *Seminar.fm*. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
2. Landes, David S. (1979). "Watchmaking: A Case Study in Enterprise and Change". *The Business History Review*. **53** (1): 1–39. doi:10.2307/3114685. ISSN 0007-6805.
3. "Abraham Lincolns Waltham William Ellery Pocket Watch. Antique Time". Horologist.com. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
4. "Abraham Lincolns Waltham William Ellery Pocket Watch. Antique Time". *Horologist.com*. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
5. "Abraham Lincoln's Watch?". *mb.nawcc.org*. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
6. "Link to Waltham Model 57 info site - Topic". *ihc185.infopop.cc*. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
7. "American Waltham Watch Company: History, Serial Numbers, Production Dates". *Pocketwatchrepair.com*. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
8. "Waltham Clock History - National Clock Repair New Hope, PA 18938 215-862-2415". *Nationalclockrepair.com*. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
9. "Waltham 1857, more information needed". *NAWCC Forums*. 2016-09-04. Retrieved 2023-06-21.


title: Pilcrow (novel)

abstract: Pilcrow is a novel by Adam Mars-Jones first published in 2008 by Faber.

text:
# Pilcrow (novel)

***Pilcrow*** is a novel by Adam Mars-Jones first published in 2008 by Faber.

## Plot

The book is in the form of a memoir by an adult John Cromer telling the story of his childhood and adolescence in the 1950s and early 1960s. He develops Still's disease at an early age and is confined to bed under a misdiagnosis of rheumatic fever. When the nature of his disease is finally realised he is transferred to the Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital in Taplow, Berkshire under the care of Dr Barbara Ansell, but by then he has very little movement left in his joints. Later he moves to a special school in Farley Castle where he is reliant on the "able-bodied" to help him move around and realises that he is homosexual.

## Reception

It has received mixed reviews. James Wood comments in the *London Review of Books*, "*Pilcrow* is a peculiar, original, utterly idiosyncratic book. It is admirably courageous, both in what it heaps on us, and in what it holds back. While it drops us deep into the every day, it boldly refuses the every day consolations of plot and dramatic structure."

## Continuation

The book finishes with John Cromer at the age of sixteen. The next instalment of his life, titled *Cedilla*, was published in 2011. The third, *Caret*, was published in 2023.

## InfoBox

Pilcrow
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Adam Mars-Jones |
| Cover artist | Sculpture by Alan Ballantyne<br>for Penkridge Ceramics photographed by Johnny Ring |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Faber & Faber |
| Publication date | 2008 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 544 |
| ISBN | 0-571-21703-6 |


title: Webhannet River

abstract: The Webhannet River is an 8.3-mile-long (13.4 km) river whose 8,963-acre (36.27 km⁲) watershed is contained entirely within the town of Wells, Maine. The river has five tributaries, including three with official names: Pope’s Creek, Depot Brook, and Blacksmith Brook. Draining a sandy outwash plain left by the last glacier, they run parallel to the southern Maine coastline behind the heavily developed barrier beaches of Wells and Drakes Island. The river flows into Wells Harbor, then empties between a pair of jetties into the Gulf of Maine. The Webhannet watershed includes 1,510 acres (6.1 km⁲) of land under conservation, including 1,167 acres (4.72 km⁲) of estuary salt marsh and uplands protected by the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge.

text:
# Webhannet River

The **Webhannet River** is an 8.3-mile-long (13.4 km) river whose 8,963-acre (36.27 km2) watershed is contained entirely within the town of Wells, Maine.

The river has five tributaries, including three with official names: Pope’s Creek, Depot Brook, and Blacksmith Brook. Draining a sandy outwash plain left by the last glacier, they run parallel to the southern Maine coastline behind the heavily developed barrier beaches of Wells and Drakes Island. The river flows into Wells Harbor, then empties between a pair of jetties into the Gulf of Maine.

The Webhannet watershed includes 1,510 acres (6.1 km2) of land under conservation, including 1,167 acres (4.72 km2) of estuary salt marsh and uplands protected by the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge.

## Jetties

In 1961-62, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built two rubble-mound jetties to protect the 8-foot-deep (2.4 m) channel to Wells Harbor. The north jetty was 580 feet (180 m) long, the south one 920 feet (280 m), and extended roughly from the inner harbor to just past the beaches. A 1-ft-thick bedding layer and core of 3-in. to 150 lb (68 kg) stone was covered with a double layer of stones weighing a minimum of two tons on the landward section and three tons on the seaward sections, for a total of 20,000 tons of stone. The cost for placing the stone was $95,600.

In 1962-63, the north jetty was extended 200 feet (61 m) seaward at a cost of $29,300.

In 1965, the north and south jetties were extended seaward 1,225 and 1,300 ft (400 m), respectively. The work required a total of 119,000 tons of stone and cost $594,600 ($5,748,846 today).

The extensions are parallel to one another, spaced 425 ft (130 m) apart, and terminate at a depth of eight feet below the low-water mark. Their height above low water ranges from 13 feet (4.0 m) on their seaward ends to 17 feet (5.2 m) (north jetty) and 16 feet (4.9 m) (south jetty) at their landward ends. Their flat crowns are 7 feet (2.1 m) wide at the seaward end and 5 feet (1.5 m) wide at the landward end.

43°18′56″N 70°33′53″W / 43.315624°N 70.564756°W / 43.315624; -70.564756


# Western Canadian steamships of the Oblate Order of Mary Immaculate

In the late 19th Century the Oblate Order of Mary Immaculate operated a fleet of steamboats on rivers in the Canadian west. The order is an organization of Christian missionaries. They had established small missions to proselytize to Canada's First Nations people throughout the west. The Hudson's Bay Company was granted a Royal Charter to all the land that drained into Hudson's Bay Company in 1670 - a vast tract of land, known as Rupert's Land. They administered Rupert's Land until the late 1800s, when it was sold to the new Dominion of Canada. The Canadian Pacific Railway had crossed Canada, and other railways had been constructed in the west, but many remote areas were only accessible by riverboat—riverboats operated by the Hudson's Bay Company

The Oblate Order with the local leadership of Bishop Grouard started constructing their own fleet of riverboats, one each for isolated stretches of river. The order included skilled carpenters, who constructed the riverboats, on-site, from local timber. The engines were shipped from eastern Canada.

Their fleet included:

|  | *St. Joseph* | 1893 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | *St. Alphonse* | 1894 |  |
|  | *St. Emile* | 1902 |  |
|  | *St. Charles* | 1903 |  |

1. "The S.S. St. Charles, 1906, Peace River Crossing, Alberta, Canada". Peace River Museum. 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21.
2. Edward L. Affleck. "Steamboating on the Peace River" (PDF). British Columbia History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-21. The brothers built a fleet of small primitive steamers, extending by 1903 to the waters of the Peace above the Vermilion Chutes. In that year the pint—sized sternwheeler St. Charles began to work the 526 mile stretch from Fort Vermilion to Hudson's Hope, carrying lumber and supplies for the Mission at Fort St. John in British Columbia, as well as goods for the Northwest Mounted Police.
3. "The Oblates on the Peace River and the S.S. St. Charles". Peace River Museum. 2012. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01.
4. "The Canadian Encyclopedia (Bishop Emile Grouard)". Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-18.


title: Original Pirate Material

abstract: Original Pirate Material is the debut studio album by English hip hop project the Streets, released on 25 March 2002. Recorded mostly in a room in a south London house rented at the time by principal member Mike Skinner, the album is musically influenced by UK garage and American hip hop, while its lyrics tell stories of British working-class life. It was supported by four singles: "Has It Come to This?", "Let's Push Things Forward", "Weak Become Heroes", and "Don't Mug Yourself". The album originally rose to number 12 on the UK Albums Chart in 2002, and then peaked at number 10 in 2004 following the release of the chart-topping second Streets album A Grand Don't Come for Free. It re-entered several charts in April 2022, following its reissue on orange vinyl for 2022's Record Store Day. Original Pirate Material received widespread critical acclaim, with many reviewers praising the originality and humour of Skinner's lyrics, and subsequent critics' polls have placed it among the best albums of the 2000s.

text:
# Original Pirate Material

***Original Pirate Material*** is the debut studio album by English hip hop project the Streets, released on 25 March 2002. Recorded mostly in a room in a south London house rented at the time by principal member Mike Skinner, the album is musically influenced by UK garage and American hip hop, while its lyrics tell stories of British working-class life. It was supported by four singles: "Has It Come to This?", "Let's Push Things Forward", "Weak Become Heroes", and "Don't Mug Yourself".

The album originally rose to number 12 on the UK Albums Chart in 2002, and then peaked at number 10 in 2004 following the release of the chart-topping second Streets album *A Grand Don't Come for Free*. It re-entered several charts in April 2022, following its reissue on orange vinyl for 2022's Record Store Day. *Original Pirate Material* received widespread critical acclaim, with many reviewers praising the originality and humour of Skinner's lyrics, and subsequent critics' polls have placed it among the best albums of the 2000s.

## Background

Skinner has stated that his main early influences were from the United States, in particular Wu-Tang Clan rappers such as Raekwon and RZA, as well as East Coast rapper Nas's album *Illmatic*. However, Skinner attributes the album as emerging from the UK garage scene of the late 1990s. His stance when making the album was to combine the UK garage sound with a lyrical content about "all the little adventures you go on" rather than the style of UK hip hop, which he accused of being "someone from Reading pretending to be Biggie or Q-Tip".

Journalist Simon Reynolds identified the album's lyrical content as capturing UK garage's "submerged reality" as a genre not based in nightclubs. Outside London in the late 1990s, UK garage was rarely played in clubs but was instead found on pirate radio stations, reflected by the album's title.

## Recording

Recording for *Original Pirate Material* lasted over a year, with Skinner recording the bulk of the album in the room he was renting in a house in Brixton in south London. The instrumental tracks were created on an IBM ThinkPad, while Skinner used an emptied out wardrobe as a vocal booth using duvets and mattresses to reduce echo. Direct influences on the album included the 2000 film *Gladiator*, which inspired the lyrics of "Turn the Page", the opening track of the album. He eschewed analogue recording equipment and recorded and mixed the album entirely on Logic Pro, a digital audio workstation.

## Artwork

The cover artwork depicts the south face of the Kestrel House tower block on City Road, London at night. The photo was taken in 1995 by German photographer Rut Blees Luxemburg using an eight-minute exposure.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 90/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Blender* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *NME* | 9/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.9/10 |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *Spin* | 8/10 |
| *Uncut* |  |
| *The Village Voice* | A− |

*Original Pirate Material* was hailed by the British music press upon its release. *NME* said that the album "represents a brilliant break with cliché ... \[Skinner is\] one of the most original pop voices for years... By turns dark, funny and heartbreaking, the songs on *Original Pirate Material* are snapshots of ordinary life as a young Midlands resident, set to innovative two-step production: tales of love, going out, being skint, getting drunk, and eating chips. It's Streets by name, and streets by nature, and it's great."  called Skinner a "vital new voice" and described *Original Pirate Material* as "starkly observed vignettes ... this debut wittily and wisely documents young lives spent in piss-poor pubs, estate bedrooms and kebab shops... It could easily, but somehow never does, degenerate into the kind of 'street poet' blather TV news editors think spices up election coverage." *Mojo* said that Skinner "favours a winningly downbeat brand of urban realism, set to minimal, pounding drums ... A lot of his urban vignettes fall somewhere between "The Message" and the Specials' "Ghost Town". But their very ordinariness and the brutish, unadorned simplicity of the music is part of their appeal, evoking the everyday tedium of *real* 'youth culture' ... A uniquely British voice." *Spin* said, "Mike Skinner ... could be the most gifted rapper London has ever produced, except that he doesn't really rap – he pontificates, spins spoken-word yarns, and kicks running commentary. Hip-hop – and Britain's equally bling-fixated 2-step-garage scene – has shaped Skinner's sound, but he's too earnest to reproduce their bluster. He's an observant, asphalt-level 'geezer' – Brit slang for everyman – set apart by the sharpness of his lens, not the force of his flow. On *Original Pirate Material*, Skinner nails the quiet desperation of the white working class like a pub-hooligan Marshall Mathers, with all of Slim Shady's good humor and none of his insanity."

Contemporary reviews for the album commented on its DIY aesthetic and lyricism. *Stylus Magazine* said that the album "combines the boy-next-door DIY of US garage rock with the sound of UK garage and displays an alchemic ability to turn the humdrum of everyday life into a record that is at times empowering, hilarious, melancholy, awkward, and charming."

### Accolades

Since its release in 2002, *Original Pirate Material* has received several accolades. In March 2003, *NME* placed *Original Pirate Material* at number 46 on their list of the "100 Best Albums of All Time". They subsequently placed the album at number nine in their list of the "100 Best Albums of the Decade". *Observer Music Monthly* ranked it as the best album of the 2000s. Journalist Simon Reynolds also placed the album at the top of his list of his favourite albums of the 2000s, with a "special 'in a class of its own' award". *Pitchfork* placed the album at number ten on their list of the top 100 albums of 2000–2004; they later placed it at number 36 on their list of the top 200 albums of the 2000s. In 2022, Rolling Stone ranked the album 139th in their list of *The 200 Greatest Hip-Hop Albums of All Time.*

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Mike Skinner

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Turn the Page" | 3:15 |
| 2. | "Has It Come to This?" | 4:04 |
| 3. | "Let's Push Things Forward" (featuring Kevin Mark Trail) | 3:51 |
| 4. | "Sharp Darts" | 1:33 |
| 5. | "Same Old Thing" (featuring Kevin Mark Trail) | 3:22 |
| 6. | "Geezers Need Excitement" | 3:46 |
| 7. | "It's Too Late" | 4:10 |
| 8. | "Too Much Brandy" | 3:02 |
| 9. | "Don't Mug Yourself" | 2:39 |
| 10. | "Who Got the Funk?" | 1:50 |
| 11. | "The Irony of It All" | 3:29 |
| 12. | "Weak Become Heroes" | 5:33 |
| 13. | "Who Dares Wins" | 0:34 |
| 14. | "Stay Positive" | 6:16 |

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000^ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | 2× Platinum | 600,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom & Europe | 25 March 2002 | Locked On Records/679 Recordings | double LP | 679003TLP |
| | | | CD | 679003CDLP |
| Japan | 3 July 2002 | Warner Music Japan(ワーナーミュージック・ジャパン) | CD | WPCR-11232 |
| United States | 22 October 2002 | VICE Music/Atlantic Records | double LP | 93181-1 |
| | | | CD | 93181-2 |

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Original Pirate Material | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by the Streets | |
| Released | 25 March 2002 |
| Recorded | 2001–2002 |
| Studio | Mike Skinner's house, Brixton, London |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 47:24 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Mike Skinner |
| The Streets chronology | |
| ***Original Pirate Material***
(2002) *All Got Our Runnins*
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Original Pirate Material* | |
| 1. "Has It Come to This?"
Released: 8 October 2001 2. "Let's Push Things Forward"
Released: 15 April 2002 3. "Weak Become Heroes"
Released: 22 July 2002 4. "Don't Mug Yourself"
Released: 21 October 2002 | |
|  | |


title: Morris County Courthouse (Kansas)

abstract: The Morris County Courthouse, located at 501 West Main Street in Council Grove, is the seat of government of Morris County, Kansas. Council Grove has been the county seat since 1859. The courthouse was built from 1968 to 1969 by contractor Bradley Building Company of Kansas Inc.. Kiene & Bradley Architects of Topeka, Kansas designed the courthouse in the Modern style. The courthouse is located on spacious landscaped grounds at the city's center. It is two stories and faces west, with the entrance having a large concrete overhang. The east side of the building, a hill fall away exposing the two stories. It is constructed of brown-colored brick and concrete with a flat roof. The first courthouse was a log cabin built by Seth Millington Hays in 1847, which was originally used as his residence and trading post on the Santa Fe Trail. The second courthouse was built in 1873 of native stone and had an addition constructed in 1902 by W. C. Squires. The second courthouse was razed to build the present courthouse. Kiene & Bradley Architects also designed courthouses in Coffey County, Greeley County, Jefferson County, Logan County, Neosho County, and Wilson County.

text:
# Morris County Courthouse (Kansas)

The **Morris County Courthouse**, located at 501 West Main Street in Council Grove, is the seat of government of Morris County, Kansas. Council Grove has been the county seat since 1859. The courthouse was built from 1968 to 1969 by contractor Bradley Building Company of Kansas Inc..

Kiene & Bradley Architects of Topeka, Kansas designed the courthouse in the Modern style. The courthouse is located on spacious landscaped grounds at the city's center. It is two stories and faces west, with the entrance having a large concrete overhang. The east side of the building, a hill fall away exposing the two stories. It is constructed of brown-colored brick and concrete with a flat roof.

The first courthouse was a log cabin built by Seth Millington Hays in 1847, which was originally used as his residence and trading post on the Santa Fe Trail. The second courthouse was built in 1873 of native stone and had an addition constructed in 1902 by W. C. Squires. The second courthouse was razed to build the present courthouse.

Kiene & Bradley Architects also designed courthouses in Coffey County, Greeley County, Jefferson County, Logan County, Neosho County, and Wilson County.

## InfoBox

| Morris County Courthouse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location in KansasMorris County Courthouse (Kansas) (the United States) | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Modern |
| Location | 501 West Main Street, Council Grove, Kansas |
| Coordinates | 38°39′33″N 96°29′42″W / 38.65917°N 96.49500°W / 38.65917; -96.49500 |
| Construction started | 1968 |
| Completed | 1969 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Kiene & Bradley Architects |
| Main contractor | Bradley Building Company of Kansas Inc. |


title: Roy Myers

abstract: Roy Anthony Myers Francis is a Costa Rican former football player who played most of his career with Deportivo Saprissa.

text:
# Roy Myers

**Roy Anthony Myers Francis** (born April 13, 1969 in La Francia de Siquirres) is a Costa Rican former football player who played most of his career with Deportivo Saprissa.

## Club career

Myers was known as *El Maravilloso* (The Marvellous) due to his natural talent to play the game, becoming a typical number 10. He made his professional debut for hometown club Limonense but in his country he played mostly with Saprissa, winning three national championships with them, as well as two CONCACAF Champions Cups. During his time with Saprissa, Myers was once suspended for 7 matches after insulting the referee and refusing to leave the pitch. He had several spells abroad, playing in Uruguay with Peñarol in an injury-hit 1992, Pachuca of Mexico in the mid 1990s, Tolima of Colombia in 1997 and later in Major League Soccer, where he played with the MetroStars and the Los Angeles Galaxy.

He finished his career at Cartaginés, where he was suspended for two matches and handed a fine for pushing a referee when three teammates were fined as well.

## International career

Myers made his debut for Costa Rica in a June 1990 FIFA World Cup match against Brazil and earned a total of 48 caps, scoring 2 goals. He represented his country in 8 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1990 FIFA World Cup held in Italy. He also played at the 1993, 1995 and 1999 UNCAF Nations Cups as well as at the 1993 and 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cups and the 1997 Copa América.

He collected his final cap in September 2000 in a World Cup qualifier against Barbados .

### International goals

*Scores and results list Costa Rica's goal tally first.*

| N. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 11 July 1993 | Estadio Azteca, Mexico City, Mexico | Canada | **1**–1 | 1–1 | 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup |
| 2. | 18 July 1993 | Estadio Azteca, Mexico City, Mexico | Martinique | **1**–0 | 3–1 | 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup |

## Managerial career

Myers became interim coach at Saprissa on 12 November 2009 but was fired in November 2010. In December 2011 he became assistant at the Costa Rica national under-20 football team.

## Personal life

Myers' brother Michael Myers also played professionally and made it to the national team. Roy is married to Rogena McCook and they have two children.

## InfoBox

Roy Myers
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Roy Anthony Myers Francis | | |
| Date of birth | (1969-04-13) April 13, 1969 | | |
| Place of birth | La Francia de Siquirres, Costa Rica | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1987–1991 | Limonense | 81 | (15) |
| 1991–1998 | Saprissa | 329 | (31) |
| 1992 | Peñarol (loan) |  |  |
| 1996–1997 | Pachuca (loan) | 32 | (4) |
| 1997 | Tolima (loan) |  |  |
| 1999 | MetroStars | 7 | (0) |
| 1999–2000 | Los Angeles Galaxy | 27 | (4) |
| 2000 | MetroStars | 17 | (1) |
| 2001 | Saprissa | 17 | (5) |
| 2001 | MetroStars | 3 | (0) |
| 2001–2002 | Saprissa | 12 | (0) |
| 2003 | Herediano | 17 | (2) |
| 2003 | Cartaginés | 11 | (1) |
| 2004 | Santa Bárbara | 4 | (0) |
| 2004-2005 | Fusión Tibás | ? | (?) |
| International career | | | |
| 1990–2000 | Costa Rica | 48 | (2) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2009–2010 | Saprissa | | |
| 2011–2012 | Costa Rica U20 (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Gimson (company)

abstract: Gimson was a Spanish bicycle and motorcycle brand, manufactured in Figueres by Gimbernat Hermanos S.R.C. in two distinct stages: the first in 1930 and the second from 1955 to 1982.

text:
# Gimson (company)

**Gimson** was a Spanish bicycle and motorcycle brand, manufactured in Figueres by Gimbernat Hermanos S.R.C. in two distinct stages: the first in 1930 (producing a total amount of six) and the second from 1955 to 1982.

## History

### Beginnings

Early 20th century, Pierre Gimbernat i Batlle, a renowned clockmaker from Perpignan, obtained the license of distribution for French manufacturer Automoto for the Province of Girona. Gimbernat moved to Figueres, where he founded a small shop at 17th Sant Pau street. At first, he sold and repaired clocks and bicycles, also importing and selling bicycle spare parts. After some time, he decided to sell all this material and parts under his own brand, which he named Gimson.

### Brand name

Tank Logo 49cc

Gimson was an acronym for Gimbernat and Sons, a name that included Pierre Gimbernat and his three children: Pierre, Antoine and Françoise. A few years later they changed the business name to Gimbernat Hermanos, SRC. The company was always a family business. The main tasks where distributed to the three children of the founder: Pierre Gimbernat i Font, eldest brother, was the chief Engineer, Antoine was at the production department and Françoise was in the office, at the sales department.

As an anecdote, Pierre Gimbernat i Font attended to drawing lessons with the distinguished professor Juan Núñez Fernández, having Salvador Dalí as a classmate. His parents thought that the fantasies of the future painter would be a bad influence on their son, thus they sent him to Mataro for a while, to live with a businessman who produced spokes for Gimson bicycles, to keep him away from distractions.

### Business consolidation

With the outbreak of the First World War and, after, the Spanish Civil War, Gimbernat was able to dodge both economic conditions because their suppliers were small workshops nearby. Thanks to the experience gained and good results with bicycles, in the mid-fifties began manufacturing their first mopeds, starting by mounting the Gamo engine made in Barcelona by the renowned Parés brothers.

The company achieved a big commercial success and ended up having more than a hundred employees. Its main market was, a part of Catalonia, North east Spain. The Gimbernats came up with a second brand for their bicycles named Esbelta, meaning slim, to have two distributors in the same place and a better control of the market. At one point, Gimson won a contest to provide bicycles to the Spanish Civil Guard, before the unit was equipped with Sanglas motorcycles. These bicycles were used to patrol the countryside, they were the standard model, even though they had a special support to place the rifles.

### Third generation

Pere Gimbernat i Quintana, founder's grandson and Engineer, had advanced ideas at that time. One was to produce the first electric moped in Catalonia. The prototype was presented in 1973 Barcelona's show, it had a Bosch engine. The prototype never went into production. Pere Gimbernat i Quintana was responsible for naming the new models, among which we find the successful Canigó, Polaris and Skipper. Moreover, he managed the whole process of the well known commercial catalogs for their products (famous for its photographic and documentary quality. They were printed at local printing plants in Figueres), looking for the best spot to take the pictures, always landscapes from Empordà (the catalog pictures for the model Canigó were taken at Sant Llorenç de la Muga and the ones for the brand's main catalog were taken at Empuriabrava).

### Closure

When Pierre Gimbernat i Font died prematurely, founder's son, the company was going through a tough time, with an oversized staff and the inability to apply a Layoff plan, adding the effects of the 1973 oil crisis and the entrance of the Japanese multinationals to the Spanish market. With the crisis, the company became a Cooperative and stopped producing mopeds focusing only on bicycles. Pere Gimbernat i Quintana was at an age where he could not take too much risk, and he didn't have the funds to buy his Uncles part of the business, the situation became untenable, all ending in the closure of the factory in Figueres. The manufacturing right of the mopeds was acquired by the company placed in Murcia Motos del Sureste (Motomur), which they marketed under the Beneti brand, although later it returned to the Gimson brand.

## Motorcycles

### Beginning with the Gamo engine

From 1955, Gimson returned to the motorcycle business, starting by mounting Cucciolo and Villiers engines. Later, they produced their own model with a Gamo engine -manufactured in Barcelona between 1950 and 1955- consisting of 49 cc (moped) and 65 cc (velomotor), very advanced for that time, with a two-speed change, secondary transmission by single chain and rear break on a singletube chassis in which protruded the Fuel Tank bubble type. The two versions of this model were named respectively 49 and 65.

Subsequently the model Sport was launched, that coexist with the previous (known since Turismo), with the same engine and cylinder capacity. The Sport model was the first which had a T-shape stamped plate chassis that would become characteristic of the brand, with a seat upholstery in two colors and a rounded fuel tank, as well as a painted exhaust pipe, unlike the general trend which was chromed. This model was distributed in color schemes of blue and gray or red and cream. Both models had a luxury option called Lujo, externally differentiated because the swingarm was tubular instead of stamped sheet metal, also had a different logo than the usual in the crankcases.

### Consolidation with the Flandria engine

With the withdrawal of the Parés brothers (manufacturers of the Gamo engine), the company needed another engine to mount, opting for the Belgian Flandria, which they produced under license. The first model that mounted this engine was Gimson Polaris. Keeping its predecessor scheme Sport, mounting the same stamped sheet metal frame (adapting it to fit the new Flandria engine), but with a more rectilinear shaped fuel tank. This was probably the most successful brand's model, which from three series were made. All of them in, blue and grey or red and cream, color schemes.

The same way appears the first offroad Gimson's model, named Canigó after the Canigou mountain. The first production series, this model is almost the same as Polaris, except for the back part, which is followed by a second version, still with the same frame, but with a more appropriated shape for its offroad purpose.

Referring to the automatic models, appears the Velomatic moped, with a similar aesthetic to Turismo but with straighter lines and in accordance with its time, with bubble-shaped tank mounted on a frame similar to a bicycle. That moped mounted a Flandria engine, with direct admission to the crankcase and a single gear, but without variator.

### Expansion

From that moment Gimson switched their frames to a tubular fishbone scheme, launching different models that expanded their range. As road models the Polaris Super, renamed as Meteor, and its Sport variant (the same motorcycle, but with accessories such as flashing lights which they were not required at this time). This motorcycle is easy to recognise, because it has the fuel tank in two different colors, the orange top, and a triangular rubber lining that protects the area bordering with legs. On the other hand, alsos arises the Elite (which had a new logo and was characterized by its red color) and had two different decorations, with Gimson's logo before with straight lines on a white background, after with curved lines on a black background. Regarding the country motorcycles, arises the Skipper Trial, one of the first motorcycles designed only for trials in Spain, and its successors Jumper Cross (Motocross type) and Enduro E87 (Enduro type).

### Murcian stage

Back in the '70s, with motorcycle's manufacturing rights sold to the Murcian company Motomur, they produced the Nevada and Elite 2 models, and the Sport variant which mounted cast rims instead of spoked, as well as other aesthetic improvements. However the scheme and the engine of the Gimson motorcycles remained the same as the original from Figueres, changes being mostly aesthetic, such as the appearance of a false double cradle in the tubular frame.

Concerning the offroad motorcycles, the LSA model was launched, later on the LSA RA (being "RA" an acronym for "Refrigerada per Aigua" which means water-cooled). While the frame and engine are the same, for the first time adopted a cylinder with liquid cooling, above disc brake and modifies the swingarm to adopt a rear monoshock system, as well as a more elaborated design of the model. Unfortunately, Gimson could not go ahead and this model has become one of the most difficult to find these days.

They produced a sporty model called M1 with a design that remembers a racing motorcycle. In the automatic section we found the only one keeping the Beneti trading name, the Beneti Stylo model, which had a Peugeot engine.

### Models

Gimson motorcycle models
|  | Bicycle frame | Stamped sheet metal | Tubular frame | Double cradle frame | Automatic |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gamo engine | * Turismo 49cc * Turismo 65cc * Turismo Lujo 49cc * Turismo Lujo 65cc | * Sport 49cc * Sport 65cc |  |  | * Velomatic * Velomatic Super Lujo * Two Seater Velomatic. * Velomatic V1 1st Series * Velomatic V1 2nd Series |
| Flandria engine |  | * Canigó * TT Canigó * Polaris 1st Series * Flash * Polaris 2nd Series * Polaris 3rd Series | * Skipper Trial 1st series * Skipper Trial 2nd series * Jumper Cross * Meteor * Elite Serie 1 * Elite Serie 2 |  | * Variomatic |
| Murcian stage |  |  |  | * Elite 2 * Elite Sport * Nevada * Enduro E87 * LSA * LSA RA * M1 | * Maxi * Beneti Stilo |

## InfoBox

Gimbernat Hermanos, S.R.C.
|
|  |
| Trade name | Gimson, Esbelta |
| Industry | Bicycle, Motorcycle |
| Founded | 1930 (1930) |
| Founder | Pierre Gimbernat i Batlle |
| Defunct | 1982 (1982) |
| Successor | Beneti |
| Headquarters | Figueres, Catalonia, Spain |
| Key people | Pierre Gimbernat i Font (CEO)<br>Pere Gimbernat i Quintana (Engineer) |
| Products | Bicycles, Motorcycles, Mopeds |
| Number of employees | circa 100 |


title: Katherine Monaghan

abstract: Katherine Monaghan is a British actress best known for her role as Donna Walmsley on Footballers' Wives. Since then she has appeared in the BBC dramas 55 Degrees North and Judge John Deed. Away from television Monaghan also works as a voice over artist and has appeared at London's Theatre503 and Live Theatre Company in her native Newcastle. Monaghan was born in Newcastle in 1980.

text:
# Katherine Monaghan

**Katherine Monaghan** (born 1980) is a British actress best known for her role as Donna Walmsley on *Footballers' Wives*. Since then she has appeared in the BBC dramas *55 Degrees North* and *Judge John Deed*.

Away from television Monaghan also works as a voice over artist and has appeared at London's Theatre503 and Live Theatre Company in her native Newcastle.

Monaghan was born in Newcastle in 1980.