title: Honda Shine

abstract: The Honda Shine is a 125cc and 100cc motorcycle developed by Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India (HMSI) and Bangladesh Honda Private Limited (BHL), first introduced in India in 2006. It was a 4-speed motorcycle. It is one of the best-selling motorcycles in India in the 125cc segment. The motorcycle has seen numerous improvements every year as Honda releases new revisions every year that are either cosmetic changes like new colors & graphics, or little features like compliance with Bharat BS-IV emission norms as required in Indian subcontinent. The 2019 Honda CB Shine brings new 5-spoke alloy wheels and chrome featuring headlamps, along with usual graphic changes. Honda claims that it can accelerate from 0 to 60 km/h in 5.30 seconds and has a top speed of 95–100 km/h (59–62 mph). In July, 2019, Bangladesh Honda Private Limited (BHL) launched a Bangladeshi-made version of the CB Shine SP, which is also a 125cc motorcycle – CB Shine SP which comes with a 5-speed gear-box to give smoother ride on high speed. This motorcycle is equipped with Honda Eco Technology (HET) Engine which provides good balance of 10.7 Ps power & 65 kmpl* mileage. In 2020, HMSI launched a fuel injected version of Honda Shine with a 5 speed gearbox, a higher compression ratio and Enhanced Smart Power (eSP) for "silent" electric start. In March 2023, HMSI launched a 100cc derivative of Shine with the 100cc single cylinder engine which is priced at 81,242. Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India revealed that their Shine model two-wheeler has achieved a new milestone - selling one crore bikes since its debut in 2006. Honda claims that Shine is the most desired vehicle in its 125 cc category, with a YTD market share of over 50%, and a remarkable 29% year-on-year growth. Shine has the distinction of being the first 125cc motorcycle to accumulate one crore(ten million) users.

text:
# Honda Shine

The **Honda Shine** is a *125cc* and *100cc* motorcycle developed by Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India (HMSI) and Bangladesh Honda Private Limited (BHL), first introduced in India in 2006. It was a 4-speed motorcycle. It is one of the best-selling motorcycles in India in the *125cc* segment. The motorcycle has seen numerous improvements every year as Honda releases new revisions every year that are either cosmetic changes like new colors & graphics, or little features like compliance with Bharat BS-IV emission norms as required in Indian subcontinent. The 2019 Honda CB Shine brings new 5-spoke alloy wheels and chrome featuring headlamps, along with usual graphic changes.

Honda claims that it can accelerate from 0 to 60 km/h (0 to 37 mph) in 5.30 seconds and has a top speed of 95–100 km/h (59–62 mph).

In July, 2019, Bangladesh Honda Private Limited (BHL) launched a Bangladeshi-made version of the CB Shine SP, which is also a *125cc* motorcycle – CB Shine SP which comes with a 5-speed gear-box to give smoother ride on high speed. This motorcycle is equipped with Honda Eco Technology (HET) Engine which provides good balance of 10.7 Ps power & 65 kmpl\* mileage.

In 2020, HMSI launched a fuel injected version of Honda Shine with a 5 speed gearbox, a higher compression ratio and Enhanced Smart Power (eSP) for "silent" electric start.

In March 2023, HMSI launched a 100cc derivative of Shine with the 100cc single cylinder engine which is priced at 81,242.

Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India revealed that their Shine model two-wheeler has achieved a new milestone - selling one crore bikes since its debut in 2006. Honda claims that Shine is the most desired vehicle in its 125 cc category, with a YTD market share of over 50%, and a remarkable 29% year-on-year growth (data provided by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers). Shine has the distinction of being the first 125cc motorcycle to accumulate one crore(ten million) users.

## InfoBox

Honda Shine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | HMSI
Bangladesh Honda Private Limited (BHL) |
| Also called | Honda CB Shine 2018 |
| Parent company | Honda |
| Production | 2006–present
2019– (Bangladesh) |
| Class | Standard |
| Engine | 123.94 cc (7.563 cu in) CV fuel injection 4-stroke, air-cooled, single and 100 cc (6.1 cu in) CV fuel injection 4-stroke, air-cooled, single |
| Power | 7.9 kW (10.6 hp) @ 7500 rpm |
| Torque | 11 N⋅m (8.1 lb⋅ft) @ 6000 rpm |
| Transmission | 5-speed, constant mesh, manual |
| Suspension | Front: Telescopic fork
Rear: Three-step spring-loaded hydraulic shock absorber |
| Brakes | Front: 130&240 mm disc / drum
Rear: 130  drum |
| Tires | Tube type,
Front: 2.75 in x 18 in
Rear: 2.75 in x 18 in |
| Wheelbase | 1,266 mm (49.8 in) |
| Dimensions | L: 2,014 mm (79.3 in)
W: 762 mm (30.0 in)
H: 1,071 mm (42.2 in)
 |
| Weight | 121 kg (267 lb) (wet) |
| Fuel capacity | 11 L (2.9 US gal) (reserve 1.3 L (0.34 US gal)) |
| Fuel consumption | 65 km/L (150 mpgUS) |


title: North German basin

abstract: The North German Basin is a passive-active rift basin located in central and west Europe, lying within the southeasternmost portions of the North Sea and the southwestern Baltic Sea and across terrestrial portions of northern Germany, Netherlands, and Poland. The North German Basin is a sub-basin of the Southern Permian Basin, that accounts for a composite of intra-continental basins composed of Permian to Cenozoic sediments, which have accumulated to thicknesses around 10–12 kilometres (6–7.5 mi). The complex evolution of the basin takes place from the Permian to the Cenozoic, and is largely influenced by multiple stages of rifting, subsidence, and salt tectonic events. The North German Basin also accounts for a significant amount of Western Europe's natural gas resources, including one of the world's largest natural gas reservoir, the Groningen gas field.

text:
# North German basin

The **North German Basin** is a passive-active rift basin located in central and west Europe, lying within the southeasternmost portions of the North Sea and the southwestern Baltic Sea and across terrestrial portions of northern Germany, Netherlands, and Poland. The North German Basin is a sub-basin of the Southern Permian Basin, that accounts for a composite of intra-continental basins composed of Permian to Cenozoic sediments, which have accumulated to thicknesses around 10–12 kilometres (6–7.5 mi). The complex evolution of the basin takes place from the Permian to the Cenozoic, and is largely influenced by multiple stages of rifting, subsidence, and salt tectonic events. The North German Basin also accounts for a significant amount of Western Europe's natural gas resources, including one of the world's largest natural gas reservoir, the Groningen gas field.

## Regional tectonic evolution

The regional tectonic evolution of the North German Basin coincides with of the evolution of the Southern Permian Basin, the basin across central and western Europe. From the late Neoproterozoic Era to Carboniferous Period, Europe underwent the Caledonian Orogeny and Variscan Orogeny. These crustal accretion events produced the present day regional lithosphere, and by the time of the post-orogenic collapse of the Variscan Orogeny the supercontinent Pangea had completely formed. After the formation of Pangea, much of the region underwent crustal instability and thus developing the extensive Permo-Carboniferous magmatic province. This magmatism led to the extrusion of abundant volcanic successions such as the Northeast German Basin, Northwest Polish Basin, and Oslo Rift, while also causing the formation of 70 rift basins throughout the Permian Basin. The regions most evolved and voluminous magmatism occurred within the North German Basin dating back to 297-302 Ma.

## Basin evolution

### Initial rifting

The initiation of the Northern German Basin took place in the Late Carboniferous approximately 295-285 Ma (Million Years Ago) in association collapse of the Variscan Orogeny due to wrenching tectonics in the over-thickened crust in the northern foreland of the Variscan Orogeny. The initiation formed by crustal rifting and wrenching in addition to huge amounts of volcanism(\>40,000 km3 ) and magmatism, can only be approximately dated due to the extensive (\>250 Ma) poly-phased subsidence of the region. The most evident dating method has been done using SHRIMP (Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe) Zircon ages, allowing for dating of sediments produced during the magmatic flare-up during the Permian. The wrench tectonics, magmatic inflation, and mantle lithosphere erosion took place gave a regional uplift allowing for an increase in crustal erosion.

### Main phase of subsidence

20 million years post-rifting, the North German Basin experienced a rapid accumulation of sediments, \>2,700 m (8,900 ft) of strata from the Upper Rotliegend Unit to the Bunter Unit, thus experiencing maximum thermal subsidence from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic. This rapid burial of sediments lead to subsidence rates of 220 m per million years due to the drastic increase in crustal load. Another important influence of this subsidence is due to the thermal relaxation of the lithospheric magmatic inflation, thus allowing the basin to deepen with the accumulation of the sediment.

### Secondary rifting

During the Triassic-Early Jurassic, 252 to 200 Ma, there was a phase of new north to south rifting events due to the break up of the super-continent Pangea caused W-E extension across the Northern German Basin. These extensions in the crust created the Triassic grabens such as the local the Gluckstadt Graben, while also initiating the salt tectonics seen in the region. This rifting event was then followed by another phase of subsidence due to sedimentary loading and lithospheric thermal relaxation.

### Doming

During the Middle-Late Jurassic, the center of the North Sea underwent a doming acknowledged by the Middle Jurassic erosional unconformity, the erosion of \>1,000 m (3,300 ft) of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic strata. The dome raised above sea level during the Middle Jurassic and began to deflate due to rifting in the Late Jurassic. Though the mechanism forming the North Sea Rift Dome is not particularly well understood, the development of the dome seems to be consistent with an active rift model having a broad-based (1,250 km or 780 mi diameter) plume head influencing the Late Jurassic rifting.

### Tertiary rifting

In the Late Jurassic, the third rifting event took place in response to the North Sea doming event. Major extensional faulting and rifting began approximately 157-155 Ma allowing for the Zechstein evaporites to form a detachment between basement rocks and upper stratigraphy largely influencing the natural gas and oil formation seen across the North German Basin. Organic-rich mudstones from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation is the source of the majority of the North German Basin's hydrocarbons which was restricted from migrating upward by the Zechstein salt.

### Inversion

In the Late Cretaceous, a significant phase of inversion took place due to the reactivation of strike-slip basement faults. Inversion of the region responded significantly to the orientation of compression, such that faults like the E-W Elbe Fault System was inverted 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) while the N-S Grabens did not experience significant uplift.

### Final subsidence

During the Cenozoic, the last phase of subsidence occurred. During the Oligocene to Miocene, many of the basement faults were reactivated by the strike-slip faults during the Late Cretaceous inversion. The reactivation of these basement faults triggered more halokinesis. Slight inversion due to the salt tectonics allowed for minor amounts of Miocene and Pliocene deposits, which were later buried by widespread delta and glacial deposits during the Quaternary, resulting in rapid subsidence.

## Stratigraphy

The depositional history of the North German Basin is recorded within the stratigraphy sequence of sediments, which make up the basin. The poly-phase deposition of the basin can be broken down into strati-graphic units, each with their own distinct characteristics. The sedimentary basin was assembled above the Lower Paleozoic crystalline basement formed during the Caledonian Orogeny about 420-400 Ma.

### Paleozoic era

* The lowermost stratigraphic unit, the Lower Rotliegend Group is made up of Permo-Carboniferous volcanic, composed primarily ignimbrites, rhyolites, and andesites, while also having minor amounts basalts. These volcanic sediments have a range of thickness from 1,600–2,500 metres (5,200–8,200 ft) across the basin, trending to be thickest in the east near the Rheinsberg Lineament and thinnest in the south near the Elbe Fault System.
* The sediments deposited during the Lower Permian are from the Upper Rotliegend Group, specifically the Parchim Formation thought to have been deposited from 266 to 264 Ma. These aeolian and fluvial sandstones and siltstones have a maximum thickness of 900 m (3,000 ft).
* In the Upper Permian, the Zechstein Unit began to accumulate on top of the Rotliegend Unit around 260 Ma. The Zechstein Unit is composed of alternating layers of carbonates and evaporate deposits, such as anhydrite and halite. The thickness of the Zechstein is extremely diverse due to post-depositional salt tectonics, though there is a general increase in thickness in the northwestern region of the North German Basin.

### Mesozoic era

* In the Lower Triassic, the Bunter Unit was deposited over the Zechstein Unit. The Bunter Unit is composed of red sandstone beds with minor conglomerates and clay. The original thickness of the unit has been deformed due to salt tectonics though it is apparent that the sedimentation of the Bunter Unit reached the northernmost margin of the North German Basin, over the depocenter at which 1,400 m (4,600 ft) of fluvial, lacustrine, and playa-lake deposits of Bunter had accumulated.
* In the Middle Triassic, the Muschelkalk carbonates accumulated up to 100 m (330 ft) in depth from 240 to 230 Ma. The abundance of mussel shells found within the alternating limestone and dolomite beds lead to the units name Muschelkalk, translating to "mussel chalk" in German.
* In the Middle-Late Triassic, the Keuper Unit composed of dolomite, shale, and evaporites accumulated up to approximately 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The Keuper Unit is divided into three groups: the Upper Keuper primarily a grey dolomite and impure coals, the Hauptkeuper primarily marls, gypsum, and dolomite, and lastly the Kohlenkeuper primarily clays and sandstone.
* In the Late Upper Triassic to the Lower Jurassic, the Lias Unit is composed of sandstone, shale, limestone, and clay. This unit was deposited between 200- 180 Ma, though is particularly difficult to define a thickness due to a large hiatus, which occurs above this unit. This pause in deposition, the late Cimmerian Unconformity lasted until the Middle Cretaceous approximately 110 Ma.
* In the Lower Cretaceous, the Valhall Formation appears at the end of the late Cimmerian Unconformity. The Valhall Formation consist mainly of shale, limestone, and sandstone having a 10–40-metre (33–131 ft) thickness. This Formation is followed by the Cenomanian transgression, taking place during the Upper Cretaceous specifically during the Cenomanian. This unit is composed mainly of chalky limestone and marls accumulated from 400 to 550 m (1,310 to 1,800 ft) in thickness. There is another hiatus from the Upper Cretaceous ending during the start of the Eocene.

### Cenozoic era

* Lastly during the Cenozoic specifically during the Eocene through the Oligocene, the Chattian Unit formed approximately 30 Ma. This unit is primarily composed of alternating layers of sandstone and mudstone. There is another hiatus between the Chattian Unit and the Quaternary Unit, which was deposited within the past 2 Ma. This Unit is primarily composed of Quaternary glacial sediments.

## Energy resources

The North German Basin has a particularly abundance of natural gas. These large hydrocarbon accumulations have been created and clumped together by a single total petroleum system (TPS) called the Carboniferous-Rotliegend TPS. Approximately 85% of all gas production has been from the Rotliegend Group aeolian sandstones preserved by the Zechstein Unit, while 13% can be contributed to the Triassic fluvial sandstones, also preserved by the Zechstein Unit but due to the migration of salt rather than chronologically being placed below the Zechstein Unit. The Groningen Gas Field is the located below a region northeast Netherland is the basins largest reserve and also happens to be one of the largest gas fields in the world holding up to 100 trillion cubic feet (2.8×10~~^~~12 m3) of natural gas. The North German Basin along with the Anglo-Dutch Basin and the North Sea Graben Province, contain the majority of oil and gas reserves identified throughout Western Europe.


title: Northeast Kingdom Human Services

abstract: The Northeast Kingdom Human Services (NKHS) is a US Government Contractor which is tasked with providing social services to people in the Northeast Kingdom, Vermont. These services include help with: chronic mental illness, developmental disabilities, substance abuse problems and other mental health and medical psychiatric needs. It employed 480 workers in 2009. It had offices in Newport and St. Johnsbury. In 2013, 200 employees moved to a 30,000 square feet (2,800 m⁲) facility in Derby.

text:
# Northeast Kingdom Human Services

The **Northeast Kingdom Human Services** (**NKHS**) is a US Government Contractor which is tasked with providing social services to people in the Northeast Kingdom, Vermont. These services include help with: chronic mental illness, developmental disabilities, substance abuse problems and other mental health and medical psychiatric needs.

It employed 480 workers in 2009. It had offices in Newport and St. Johnsbury.

In 2013, 200 employees moved to a 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) facility in Derby.


title: Honda Small Hybrid Sports Concept

abstract: Honda Small Hybrid Sports Concept is a hybrid concept car developed by Honda. The premiere of the concept car took place at the Geneva Motor Show in 2007. The car was designed by the European branch of Honda, based in Offenbach am Main, to combine the idea of a sports car, efficient and ecological. The car has a front-wheel drive powered by a 4-cylinder petrol-electric engine with a CVT transmission. The car's suspension was mounted on 20-inch rims with 165/60 tires.

text:
# Honda Small Hybrid Sports Concept

**Honda Small Hybrid Sports Concept** is a hybrid concept car developed by Honda. The premiere of the concept car took place at the Geneva Motor Show in 2007. The car was designed by the European branch of Honda, based in Offenbach am Main, to combine the idea of a sports car, efficient and ecological.

The car has a front-wheel drive powered by a 4-cylinder petrol-electric engine with a CVT transmission. The car's suspension was mounted on 20-inch rims with 165/60 tires.

## InfoBox

| Honda Small Hybrid Sports Concept | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Honda |
| Production | 2007 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Concept car |
| Body style | 2-door coupe |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,350 mm (92.5 in) |
| Length | 4,000 mm (157.5 in) |
| Width | 1,760 mm (69.3 in) |
| Height | 1,270 mm (50.0 in) |


title: Torine

abstract: Torine is a village in the municipality of Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Torine

**Torine** is a village in the municipality of Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 192.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 183 | 95.3% |
| Croats | 9 | 4.7% |
| **Total** | **192** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Torine | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Torine | |
| Coordinates: 44°08′40″N 17°36′30″E / 44.1444521°N 17.6083162°E / 44.1444521; 17.6083162 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Central Bosnia |
| Municipality | Novi Travnik |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.80 sq mi (4.65 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 192 |
| Density | 110/sq mi (41/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Notatesseraeraptor

abstract: Notatesseraeraptor is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic of what is now Switzerland. It was found in the Gruhalde Member of the Klettgau Formation. It was an early member of Neotheropoda with affinities to Dilophosaurus and Averostra. The new genus and species Notatesseraeraptor frickensis was named by Marion Zahner and colleagues in 2019. Since 1961, at the clay pit of Gruhalde, exploited by Tonwerke Keller, numerous fossils of Plateosaurus have been found. At a somewhat higher layer, in the spring of 2006, amateur paleontologist Michael Fisher discovered the postcranial skeleton of a small theropod. In 2009, the skull was secured. The fossils were unearthed and prepared by Ben Pabst and team. Initially the skeleton was provisionally referred to Coelophysidae. In 2008, parts of the postcranial skeleton were described in a master's thesis by Jasmina Christine Hugi. Lui Unterassner described the shoulder girdle and stomach content in his thesis of 2009, while Marion Zahner dedicated a thesis to the skull in 2014. In 2019, the type species Notatesseraeraptor frickensis gen. et sp. nov. was named and described by Marion Zahner and Winand Brinkmann. The generic name combines the Latin nota, "trait", tesserae, "mosaic tiles", and raptor, "predator". It refers to it being a carnivorous species showing a mix of traits of the Dilophosauridae and Coelophysoidea. The specific name refers to a provenance from the municipality of Frick in the Aargau. It represents the first Mesozoic theropod named from Switzerland.

text:
# Notatesseraeraptor

***Notatesseraeraptor*** ("feature mosaic tile thief"; from the Latin "nota", feature; "tesserae", tiles used to make a mosaic, in reference to the mixture of features normally found on dilophosaurids and coelophysoids; and "raptor", thief) is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic of what is now Switzerland. It was found in the Gruhalde Member of the Klettgau Formation. It was an early member of Neotheropoda with affinities to *Dilophosaurus* and Averostra. The new genus and species *Notatesseraeraptor frickensis* was named by Marion Zahner and colleagues in 2019.

Since 1961, at the clay pit of Gruhalde, exploited by Tonwerke Keller, numerous fossils of *Plateosaurus* have been found. At a somewhat higher layer, in the spring of 2006, amateur paleontologist Michael Fisher discovered the postcranial skeleton of a small theropod. In 2009, the skull was secured. The fossils were unearthed and prepared by Ben Pabst and team. Initially the skeleton was provisionally referred to Coelophysidae. In 2008, parts of the postcranial skeleton were described in a master's thesis by Jasmina Christine Hugi. Lui Unterassner described the shoulder girdle and stomach content in his thesis of 2009, while Marion Zahner dedicated a thesis to the skull in 2014.

In 2019, the type species *Notatesseraeraptor frickensis* gen. et sp. nov. was named and described by Marion Zahner and Winand Brinkmann. The generic name combines the Latin *nota*, "trait", *tesserae*, "mosaic tiles", and *raptor*, "predator". It refers to it being a carnivorous species showing a mix of traits of the Dilophosauridae and Coelophysoidea. The specific name refers to a provenance from the municipality of Frick in the Aargau. It represents the first Mesozoic theropod named from Switzerland.

## InfoBox

| *Notatesseraeraptor*
Temporal range: Late Triassic,
~ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Holotype specimen in Sauriermuseum Frick | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Dinosauria |
| *Clade*: | Saurischia |
| *Clade*: | Theropoda |
| *Clade*: | Neotheropoda |
| Genus: | *Notatesseraeraptor*
Zahner & Brinkmann, 2019 |
| Species: | ***N. frickensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Notatesseraeraptor frickensis***
Zahner & Brinkmann, 2019 | |
|


title: Form and Void (True Detective)

abstract: "Form and Void" is the eighth episode and season finale of the first season of the American anthology crime drama television series True Detective. The episode was written by series creator Nic Pizzolatto, and directed by executive producer Cary Joji Fukunaga. It was first broadcast on HBO in the United States on March 9, 2014. The season focuses on Louisiana State Police homicide detectives Rustin "Rust" Cohle and Martin "Marty" Hart, who investigate the murder of prostitute Dora Lange in 1995. Seventeen years later, they must revisit the investigation, along with several other unsolved crimes. In the episode, Cohle and Hart use all their resources to finally apprehend the killer, having finally located his whereabouts. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 3.52 million household viewers and gained a 1.6 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, making it the most watched episode of the series. The episode received universal acclaim from critics and audiences, who praised the performances, writing, directing, cinematography, atmosphere, music, tension, pace and closure. For his performance in the episode, Matthew McConaughey received an Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series nomination at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards.

text:
# Form and Void (True Detective)

"**Form and Void**" is the eighth episode and season finale of the first season of the American anthology crime drama television series *True Detective*. The episode was written by series creator Nic Pizzolatto, and directed by executive producer Cary Joji Fukunaga. It was first broadcast on HBO in the United States on March 9, 2014.

The season focuses on Louisiana State Police homicide detectives Rustin "Rust" Cohle (Matthew McConaughey) and Martin "Marty" Hart (Woody Harrelson), who investigate the murder of prostitute Dora Lange in 1995. Seventeen years later, they must revisit the investigation, along with several other unsolved crimes. In the episode, Cohle and Hart use all their resources to finally apprehend the killer, having finally located his whereabouts.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 3.52 million household viewers and gained a 1.6 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, making it the most watched episode of the series. The episode received universal acclaim from critics and audiences, who praised the performances, writing, directing, cinematography, atmosphere, music, tension, pace and closure. For his performance in the episode, Matthew McConaughey received an Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series nomination at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards.

## Plot

### 2012

The caretaker (Glenn Fleshler) watches over a man whom he calls "daddy" who is bound to a bed in a room filled with words written on the walls. He exits the room to his nearby house, where he effortlessly dons a British accent while watching Cary Grant and James Mason in *North by Northwest* on TV. Despite its squalor, his house seems to be full of books. He reunites with Betty (Ann Dowd), his developmentally disabled lover. The caretaker is later seen painting a building at a school playground and staring at the children.

On the boat, Rust (Matthew McConaughey) forces Geraci (Michael Harney) to watch the videotape depicting Marie Fontenot's rape and murder. Disturbed by the content, Geraci confesses that Sheriff Ted Childress was in charge of the investigation and then dropped the case. Rust and Marty (Woody Harrelson) exit the boat and leave Geraci, telling him that they have incriminating evidence against him if anything happens to them. They also inform him that they have hired a hitman to kill him if they are arrested or murdered, and prove their point by having an unseen sniper shoot at Geraci's car. The sniper turns out to be Robert Doumain, owner of the bar where Rust works whose son went missing in 1985. Afterwards, Rust and Marty leave him and drive off.

While analyzing their evidence, Marty notices that a house in Dora Lange's neighborhood was freshly painted a green color in another picture, indicating that the killer painted it, which is why he was deemed the "green-eared spaghetti monster" by some children who escaped him. As they drive to the house, they amend their confrontation regarding Maggie (Michelle Monaghan), with Rust confessing that she visited him a few days ago just to make sure Marty was okay. They find the house and contact the original owner at the time, Lilly Hill. She remembers that people painted her house, identifying one of them as the man with the scarred face. Checking her husband's payment records, they track the company as Childress and Sons Maintenance, which worked in many areas where women and children disappeared. While family records don't reveal living sons to the founder Billy Childress, they manage to get an address to a house.

Before leaving, Rust instructs Doumain to deliver packages with evidence to the authorities in case he doesn't return. Meanwhile, Marty meets with Papania (Tory Kittles), asking for help when needed. Despite his reservations and questioning Rust's role, Papania accepts. Rust and Marty then drive to the house, where phone service is not available. Marty tries to get a phone from Betty, who turns defensive and releases a dog that runs away. Marty breaks into the house while Rust inspects the area surrounding the house. He finds the dog dead and stumbles upon the caretaker man, Errol Childress, who flees into the woods. Back in the house, Marty eventually finds Betty and forces her to give him a phone. As he goes looking for Rust, he enters a separate smaller home to discover the bound corpse of Errol’s father, Billy Childress.

As he follows Errol, Rust stumbles upon a labyrinth of tunnels and is taunted by Errol to enter. Rust ventures through the labyrinth alone, while Marty separately enters but is unable to find them. The labyrinth mostly consists of children's clothing, latticework, and skeletons, a place Errol calls Carcosa. Rust eventually reaches a room with an adorned skeleton wearing antlers and is distracted as he sees a swirling vortex (possibly hallucinated). As Rust is distracted, Errol appears and stabs him in the stomach. Rust headbutts Errol, who is then shot multiple times by an arriving Marty. Despite the shots, Errol throws a roofing hammer at Marty, hitting him in the chest. As he prepares to kill him, Errol is killed with a shot to the head by Rust. Both heavily bleeding, Marty tends to Rust's wound. Meanwhile, Papania and Gilbough (Michael Potts) arrive with back-up at the house, find Betty handcuffed to the stairs, and start searching the area.

A few days later, Gilbough and Papania visit Marty at the hospital. They inform him that Errol and Betty were Billy Childress' children and the tools at his shed match with the weapons in Lake Charles and Dora Lange's murder, effectively closing the case. He is also informed that Rust survived but remains in a coma after surgery. When Marty is visited by his family, he cries at the moment. Meanwhile, the media reports the discovery at Errol's house and dozens of bodies recovered at the scene; the Tuttles avoid charges, but their reputation collapses.

Marty is present at his bedside when Rust wakes up. Rust is disappointed that he couldn't recognize him when he saw Errol at the school in 1995 and is also frustrated that they couldn't get everyone responsible held accountable for their actions, although Marty states that their target was just Errol. Some time later, a recovered Marty wheels Rust out of the hospital and they both talk in the parking lot. He expresses that during his coma, he felt happiness knowing he would soon see his deceased daughter and father, lamenting that he survived. Marty gives him a pack of cigarettes as he wheels Rust away from the hospital. They both remark on the concept of "good and evil" and "light and darkness", with Rust saying that while there was at one time only darkness, to him, the light appears to be winning.

## Production

### Development

In January 2014, the episode's title was revealed as "Form and Void" and it was announced that series creator Nic Pizzolatto had written the episode while executive producer Cary Joji Fukunaga had directed it. This was Pizzolatto's eighth writing credit, and Fukunaga's eighth directing credit.

### Writing

Before the episode aired, creator Nic Pizzolatto was questioned "what should viewers be thinking about" the episode, to which he responded, "Anything they want. Binary systems, maybe."

Pizzolatto had the ending in mind when he started writing the season, indicating that Rust would be "articulating, without sentimentality or illusion, an actual kind of optimism". He explained, "I want to follow the characters and the story through what they organically demand. And it would have been the easiest thing in the world to kill one or both of these guys." He also wanted the characters to feel a sense of redemption or deliverance, stating "They are not healed, but now, for the first time, you can imagine a future where they are healed. And before that was never a possibility for Cohle and hardly a possibility for Hart. But now it's a real earned possibility."

For the opening scene that depicts Errol Childress' house, Pizzolatto explained, "For the finale, I thought the audience deserved to get a close point of view on the monster, and to recognize him the way you recognize the heroes of *True Detective*. There are no monsters other than humans, no heroes other than humans. The challenge with Errol was to imply an entire history and personal mythology and methodology within the limited amount of time we had with him. Since this was the finale, I thought we could make room for one more point of view, the dark mirror to our characters, the shadow they've been chasing for so 17 years without knowing it, the historical victim of bad men who murders women and children."

Commenting on Marty's words about not arresting everyone responsible in the conspiracy, Pizzolatto said, "The significant change in the final scene is that a point of view has shifted. After we've been told via Marty that there's no such thing as absolute justice – that's a story we tell ourselves, the real guilty don't get punished. It was very hard. If someone were, I think, to read my prose, they would find it populated with rich female characters. My challenge was, if somebody only exists in relation to Rust and Marty, so they're only going to get one or two lines, they need to become vivid and imply a history and dimensionality in one or two lines."

There was commentary about whether the skeleton in the labyrinth was truly The Yellow King. According to director Cary Joji Fukunaga, answering the question wasn't the idea behind the episode, saying "It was more of an added layer to the reasons behind the killings. Rather than the Yellow King and the books about Carcosa and the mythology around that being the centerpiece for the finale, it was just another layer."

Some alternate endings were considered for the finale. One involved a mysterious event vanishing Rust and Marty, leaving Gilbough and Papania to clean the scene; the other concept would involve supernatural themes. Pizzolatto discarded the ideas, as it would feel "easy" and would deny "the sort of realist questions the show had been asking all along." He further added, "To retreat to the supernatural, or to take the easy dramatic route of killing a character in order to achieve an emotional response from the audience, I thought would have been a disservice to the story."

### Filming

The labyrinth was shot in Fort Macomb, a 19th-century brick fort in Louisiana, on the western shore of Chef Menteur Pass. The scene was originally written to be set in a cypress forest, but complications on filming forced the crew to relocate the location. Production designer Alex DiGerlando commented, "So we were starting to prepare ourselves for a compromise to shoot it in a brushy woodland location where the only really attractive quality was that it allowed for easy access. None of us were really excited about that, though." Fukunaga eventually decided on the fort, saying, "It was all chained and locked up and I like old things like that, especially Civil War things. When we got in, there were snakes everywhere and it was covered with weeds and grass. When we got to the inner chambers it was pretty awesome and really spooky and definitely had some weird energy around it."

## Reception

### Viewers

The episode was watched by 3.52 million viewers, earning a 1.6 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the Nielson ratings scale. This means that 1.6 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode. This was a 50% increase from the previous episode, which was watched by 2.34 million viewers with a 1.0 in the 18-49 demographics.

On the night of the airing, HBO Go crashed due to "overwhelmingly popular demand" of the episode.

### Critical reviews

"Form and Void" received universal acclaim. Jim Vejvoda of *IGN* gave the episode a perfect "masterpiece" 10 out of 10 and wrote in his verdict, "The first season finale for HBO's *True Detective* was a truly creepy, gripping and emotional close to one of the best crime dramas ever produced for television."

Erik Adams of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode an "A−" grade and wrote, "On some level, everything in *True Detective* forms a circle; everything in *True Detective* is connected. You can take that as a death sentence, or you can interpret it as a brotherhood of man type of thing. For the time being, the story Rust and Marty are making up while looking at the stars is more of the latter. The light claims one more victory, all the while acknowledging that it can't hold off defeat forever." Britt Hayes of *Screen Crush* wrote, "For those seeking a rewarding conclusion to the first season, 'Form and Void' definitely delivers, from full-out creepiness to good ol' Rust Cohle-isms, and yes, even some deep fried detective bromance."

Alan Sepinwall of *HitFix* wrote, "I'll think of all the times that I was watching it, even as it was presenting variations on things I'd seen a million times before, and thinking about all the ways that the presentation and execution felt so brand-new, so haunting, so moving, and so memorable." Alan Yuhas of *The Guardian* wrote, "In the end, *True Detective* finally flipped, and Marty and Rust discovered the good life again. They became the awkward buddy comedy we'd always wanted. I just wish the evidence were a little more convincing." Ben Travers of *IndieWire* gave the episode an "A" grade and wrote, "'Form and Void' impossibly flipped the perspective in less than an hour. The two detectives chose to see the light instead of the dark, the truth ahead of the lies. It's not the job that defines them, though it does play an integral part. Rust and Marty learned how to define themselves, and, in the end, how to embrace life over death."

James Poniewozik of *Time* wrote, "Like Marty and Rust solving part, but only part, of the mystery, *True Detective* did what it did and didn't what it didn't, but as a whole? The light outshone the dark." Brian Lowry of *Variety* wrote, "Whatever comes next, there's no way to view *True Detective* as anything but a rousing success, with a glitch pertaining to HBO Go merely demonstrating the rabid appetite for it. Because if cop shows have become TV's answer to McDonald's, this was the equivalent of LudoBites – springing up to deliver unexpected treats for a refined, upscale palate, and poof, just as quickly moving on."

Kenny Herzog of *Vulture* gave the episode a perfect 5 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "There was, as has been the case throughout, more than a little humor and cliché in 'Form and Void', from Rust and Marty's dueling middle fingers to Errol and Mrs. Errol's overall bayou-bogey-folk eccentricity. Odds are those playful details will pop on second viewings, despite the show's prevailing seriousness. Even Rust looks skyward and reminds himself and Marty that, 'Once there was always dark. If you ask me, the light's winning.' And *True Detective*, in turn, illuminated a black-and-white crime-and-coppers story with winning oddness to its end." Tony Sokol of *Den of Geek* gave the episode a perfect 5 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "*True Detective*'s final episode, 'Form and Void', breaks the cardinal rule of show business. Leave 'em wanting more. Oh sure, I'd love to watch this every week for the rest of my life, but this was satisfying. *True Detective* satisfied me as a supernatural suspense thriller, as a monster movie and as a worthy entry into the Satanic Detective genre. And it was a good cop show, with grit and humor, that could sit atop any list with Joseph Wambaugh in it."

Chris O'Hara of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a perfect 5 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "What we got in 'Form and Void' was a fitting conclusion to one of the best seasons of television I have seen in years. It was a finale packed with all the elements of the show which have made it so compelling to watch." Shane Ryan of *Paste* gave the episode a perfect 10 out of 10 and wrote, "When we refer to *True Detective* from this moment on, it will be in the past tense, and that realization comes with a weight of sadness. But the phenomenon of its existence can't be restricted to two months of Sundays. There's a permanence in the connection it fostered, and the questions, so remarkably asked, will resonate hereafter."

### Accolades

Matthew McConaughey submitted the episode to support his nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards.

1. "True Detective Ep 8: Form and Void". HBO. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
2. Aurthur, Kate (March 6, 2014). "The "True Detective" Creator Debunks Your Craziest Theories". *BuzzFeed*. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
3. Sepinwall, Alan (March 9, 2014). "'True Detective' creator Nic Pizzolatto talks season 1". *HitFix*. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
4. Jensen, Jeff (March 10, 2014). "'True Detective' post-mortem: Creator Nic Pizzolatto on happy endings, season 2, and the future of Cohle and Hart". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
5. Martin, Denise (March 10, 2014). "True Detective Director Cary Fukunaga on the Season-1 Finale and Why So Many 'Clues' Aren't Addressed". *Vulture*. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
6. Jagernauth, Kevin (March 10, 2014). "'True Detective' Creator Nic Pizzolatto Reveals Alternate Endings & Shares Season 2 Story Details". *IndieWire*. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
7. Martin, Denise (March 10, 2014). "True Detective's Production Designer on the Finale's Mazelike Fort". *Vulture*. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
8. Kondolojy, Amanda (March 11, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night, 'Talking Dead', 'The Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'True Detective' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
9. Bibel, Sara (March 4, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night, 'Talking Dead', 'True Detective', Oscars Red Carpet, 'Girls' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
10. Nordyke, Kimberly (March 9, 2014). "HBO Go Crashes During 'True Detective' Finale". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
11. Dietz, Jason (March 10, 2014). "Episode Review: True Detective Season 1 Finale". *Metacritic*. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
12. Vejvoda, Jim (March 9, 2014). "True Detective: "Form and Void" Review". *IGN*. Archived from the original on June 26, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
13. Adams, Erik (March 9, 2014). "True Detective: 'Form and Void'". *The A.V. Club*. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
14. Hayes, Britt (March 10, 2014). "'True Detective' Review: "Form and Void"". *Screen Crush*. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
15. Sepinwall, Alan (March 10, 2014). "Season finale review: 'True Detective' – 'Form and Void': I'm not even supposed to be here today". *HitFix*. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
16. Yuhas, Alan (March 10, 2014). "True Detective review: season one finale – Form and Void". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
17. Travers, Ben (March 10, 2014). "'True Detective' Finds The Light In A Truly Surprising Season Finale". *IndieWire*. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
18. Poniewozik, James (March 10, 2014). "Review: True Detective Watch: I Am the Cosmos". *Time*. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
19. Lowry, Brian (March 10, 2014). "TV Review: 'True Detective' Finale: Now That's How to Do an Anthology". *Variety*. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
20. Herzog, Kenny (March 10, 2014). "True Detective Recap: It's the Little Things". *Vulture*. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
21. Sokol, Tony (March 10, 2014). "True Detective Season 1 Episode 8 Review: Form and Void". *Den of Geek*. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
22. O'Hara, Chris (March 10, 2014). "True Detective Review: Hello Darkness, My Old Friend". *TV Fanatic*. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
23. Ryan, Shane (March 10, 2014). "True Detective Review: 'Form and Void' (Episode 1.08)". *Paste*. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
24. Bright, Charles (July 25, 2014). "Emmy Episode Analysis: Matthew McConaughey ('True Detective') sees the light in 'Form and Void'". *Gold Derby*. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.

## InfoBox

| "**Form and Void**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *True Detective* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 8 |
| Directed by | Cary Joji Fukunaga |
| Written by | Nic Pizzolatto |
| Cinematography by | Adam Arkapaw |
| Editing by |  |
| Original air date | March 9, 2014 (2014-03-09) |
| Running time | 54 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Tanuma Okitsugu

abstract: Tanuma Okitsugu was a chamberlain (sobashū) and a senior counselor (rōjū) to the shōgun Tokugawa Ieharu of the Tokugawa Shogunate, in the Edo period of Japan. Tanuma and his son exercised tremendous power, especially in the last 14 years of shogun Ieharu's reign. He is known for the economic reforms of the Tenmei era and rampant corruption. He was also a daimyō of the Sagara Domain. Tanuma used the title Tonomo-no-kami. Tanuma's reforms aimed to rectify the systemic problems in Japan's economy, particularly the trade imbalance between the provinces (han) and the shogunal areas (tenryō) of Japan. The previous shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, sought to rectify the shogunate's economic problems by frugality and a focus on agriculture. Instead, Tanuma debased currency, sold monopoly rights to dealers, and taxed merchant guilds. To stem unfavorable balances of trade and bullion outflow, he took steps to increase foreign exports and set export quotas for Akita copper mines, despite higher domestic prices. Tanuma's administration granted monopoly patents for numerous products, including iron, brass, sulfur, ginseng and lamp oil. Large investments were made into the massive drainage program to increase the agricultural land. Despite Tanuma's intentions to serve the public good, he was deeply corrupt and exacerbated corruption in government. Several years of crop failures from 1783 to 1787, resulting from drought followed by floods, led to famine and frequent riots. In Tenmei 4 (1784), Okitsugu's son, the wakadoshiyori Tanuma Okitomo, was assassinated inside Edo Castle. Okitomo was killed in front of his father as both were returning to their norimono after a meeting of the Counselors of State had broken up. Okitomo was killed by Sano Masakoto, a hatamoto. The involvement of senior figures in the bakufu was suspected, but only the assassin himself was punished. The famine led to a spike in a number of protests and peasant rebellions, culminating in the Edo riots of 1787. Traditionalist opponents of the reform interpreted it as the "voice of Heaven" being followed by the "voice of the people". With the assassination of his son and the death of his patron Tokugawa Ieharu, Tanuma fell from power. The result was that the reforms and the relaxation of the strictures of sakoku were blocked.

text:
# Tanuma Okitsugu

**Tanuma Okitsugu (田沼 意次)** (September 11, 1719, in Edo, Japan  August 25, 1788, in Edo) was a chamberlain (*sobashū*) and a senior counselor (*rōjū*) to the *shōgun* Tokugawa Ieharu of the Tokugawa Shogunate, in the Edo period of Japan. Tanuma and his son exercised tremendous power, especially in the last 14 years of shogun Ieharu's reign. He is known for the economic reforms of the Tenmei era and rampant corruption. He was also a *daimyō* of the Sagara Domain. Tanuma used the title Tonomo-no-kami.

Tanuma's reforms aimed to rectify the systemic problems in Japan's economy, particularly the trade imbalance between the provinces (*han*) and the shogunal areas (*tenryō*) of Japan. The previous shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, sought to rectify the shogunate's economic problems by frugality and a focus on agriculture. Instead, Tanuma debased currency, sold monopoly rights to dealers, and taxed merchant guilds. To stem unfavorable balances of trade and bullion outflow, he took steps to increase foreign exports and set export quotas for Akita copper mines (copper being the primary coinage metal during that period), despite higher domestic prices. Tanuma's administration granted monopoly patents for numerous products, including iron, brass, sulfur, ginseng and lamp oil. Large investments were made into the massive drainage program to increase the agricultural land.

Despite Tanuma's intentions to serve the public good, he was deeply corrupt and exacerbated corruption in government. Several years of crop failures from 1783 to 1787, resulting from drought followed by floods, led to famine and frequent riots.

In Tenmei 4 (1784), Okitsugu's son, the *wakadoshiyori* (junior counselor) Tanuma Okitomo, was assassinated inside Edo Castle. Okitomo was killed in front of his father as both were returning to their *norimono* after a meeting of the Counselors of State had broken up. Okitomo was killed by Sano Masakoto, a *hatamoto*. The involvement of senior figures in the *bakufu* was suspected, but only the assassin himself was punished.

The famine led to a spike in a number of protests and peasant rebellions, culminating in the Edo riots of 1787. Traditionalist opponents of the reform interpreted it as the "voice of Heaven" being followed by the "voice of the people". With the assassination of his son and the death of his patron Tokugawa Ieharu, Tanuma fell from power. The result was that the reforms and the relaxation of the strictures of *sakoku* were blocked.

* Hall, John Whitney. (1955). *Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan*. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621
* Screech, Timon. (2006). *Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822*. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8; OCLC 65177072
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1820). *Mémoires et anecdotes sur la dynastie régnante des djogouns, souverains du Japon*. Paris: Nepveu. OCLC 255146140.

## InfoBox

| Tanuma Okitsugu | |
| --- | --- |
| Tanuma Okitsugu | |
|  | |
| Lord of Sagara | |
| **In office**
1767–1786 | |
| Preceded by | Honda Tadanaka |
| Succeeded by | Tanuma Okiaki |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1719-09-11)September 11, 1719
Edo, Japan |
| Died | August 25, 1788(1788-08-25) (aged 68)
Edo, Japan |
|  | |


title: Madonna fashion brands

abstract: American entertainer Madonna has produced five fashion brands, beginning with a clothing range for fashion store H&M in March 2007. She later created an enterprise, MG Icon LLC, a joint venture with her manager Guy Oseary and Iconix Brand Group which produces her lifestyle brands Material Girl and Truth or Dare by Madonna. She also collaborated with Dolce & Gabbana on a range of sunglasses which marked the first co-branded collaboration that the design duo has ever undertaken. Prior to creating her own fashion lines, in 1985 at the height of Madonna's fame, Macy's department store created a section called Madonnaland in New York. It was established to coincide with her Radio City Music Hall concerts as part of The Virgin Tour. They sold clothing and jewelry resembling those worn by the singer at the time and held a look-alike contest in the store.

text:
# Madonna fashion brands

American entertainer Madonna has produced five fashion brands, beginning with a clothing range for fashion store H&M in March 2007. She later created an enterprise, MG Icon LLC, a joint venture with her manager Guy Oseary and Iconix Brand Group which produces her lifestyle brands *Material Girl* and *Truth or Dare by Madonna*. She also collaborated with Dolce & Gabbana on a range of sunglasses which marked the first co-branded collaboration that the design duo has ever undertaken.

Prior to creating her own fashion lines, in 1985 at the height of Madonna's fame, Macy's department store created a section called *Madonnaland* in New York. It was established to coincide with her Radio City Music Hall concerts as part of The Virgin Tour. They sold clothing and jewelry resembling those worn by the singer at the time and held a look-alike contest in the store.

## M by Madonna

In March 2007, Madonna collaborated with fashion retailer H&M to produce the fashion line *M by Madonna*. She had previously modeled for their 2006 campaign which involved herself and crew from the 2006 Confessions Tour and had designed a tracksuit which was worn in the advertisements. The collection consisted of leather trench coats, sequined shift dresses, cream-colored calf-length pants and matching cropped jackets. H&M said the collection reflected Madonna's "timeless, unique and always glamorous style." Madonna also directed the television commercial to advertise the collection. The collaboration involved H&M's head of design, Margareta Van Den Bosch and Madonna commented "I've made no secret of my love for fashion and trends. Working with Margareta and H&M was an exciting and new creative challenge for me. I'm really happy with the results and look forward to wearing *M by Madonna* along with the rest of the world."

## MDG

In March 2010, Madonna collaborated with fashion designers Dolce & Gabbana to produce a range of sunglasses named *MDG* (their initials). It marked the first co-branded collaboration that the design duo has ever undertaken. The collaboration generated headlines internationally.

They commented on the collaboration: "We're so excited. Designing an eyewear line with Madonna was a new experience for us. This further strengthens our relationship with Madonna, and it was a very constructive experience for us. She is very exacting and a professional who seeks perfection in everything she does, and this was no exception. The oversized and wraparound designs are sexy and very feminine, like our clothes. Madonna's creative contribution and unique point of view were key, even in designing the MDG logo".

## Material Girl

In August 2010, Madonna and her daughter, Lourdes Ciccone Leon, launched the teenage fashion brand *Material Girl*, named after her 1985 single of the same name.

Sold exclusively at Macy's stores, prior to the line, their New York department store created a section called *Madonnaland* in 1985. It was established to coincide with her Radio City Music Hall concerts as part of The Virgin Tour. They sold clothing and jewelry resembling those worn by the singer at the time and held a look-alike contest in the store. This look would later inspire the *Material Girl* collection.

The inaugural day drew crowds in New York City, as Madonna personally attended. Terry Lundgren, chairman of Macy's also recalled, "We've had 700 million Internet impressions since the collaboration was announced". It was also Macy's first foray into a "fully-integrated brand with footwear, jewelry and accessories".

Taylor Momsen was chosen to be the face of the brand. In 2011, she was replaced by Kelly Osbourne. Other faces of the brand include: Georgia May Jagger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Sofia Richie, and Pia Mia.

### Name lawsuit

Madonna was sued over copyright of the name of the collection by LA Triumph, a Los Angeles-based clothing retailer that claims to have been selling "Material Girl" clothing since 1997 and has a registered trademark. In response, the singer attempted to get the lawsuit tossed by presenting evidence she created a hit song that brought "Material Girl" to fame more than 25 years ago. In court papers, Madonna said she is the Material Girl, and she was the first user starting in 1985. California Judge S. James Otero wasn't convinced and commented "\[The\] Defendants' argument that Madonna created the 'Material Girl' mark through her performances fails as a matter of law," the judge writes in an order denying summary judgment. "This Court and other courts have recognized that the singing of a song does not create a trademark." The judge also rejected arguments that $85 million worth of "Material Girl" related merchandise sales in the 1980s is enough to establish being the "senior trademark user" because concert paraphernalia doesn't strictly equate to clothing sales.

## Truth or Dare by Madonna

In November 2011, Madonna announced plans of launching her own global lifestyle brand, called *Truth or Dare by Madonna*; her second lifestyle brand following Material Girl with her daughter Lourdes and second enterprise involving MG Icon and Macy's. It was announced with a range of handbags, footwear, accessories, intimates and fragrances lines. Madonna's target for the brand was women in the age range of 27–50.

In an interview with *Women's Wear Daily*, Madonna stated her inspiration behind the name *Truth or Dare*: "Over the past several years, I have been approached countless times to create my own brand. The timing is right and I have found great partners in Iconix, who can help translate my vision to reality".

### Fragrances

Her first brand product was a homonymous perfume, about which Madonna stated: "I have always been obsessed by fragrance and for years wanted to create something personal that was an expression of me but that other people could relate to as well. Something honest, and yet daring, hence the name *Truth or Dare*". It was a collaboration with Coty, and the scent was inspired by her mother; she said: "My oldest memory of my mother is her perfume". The advertising campaign featured Madonna topless, and looking towards the camera with the *Truth or Dare* perfume bottle in front. The poster was created by re-using images from Madonna's 2010 photoshoot with *Interview* magazine, which was shot by Mert and Marcus.

In December 2012, a second fragrance was announced, *Truth or Dare by Madonna: Naked*. The press ad campaign featured a naked image of Madonna with a back banner across her breasts with the words "Naked — a new fragrance" on it.

In October 2020, Madonna announced on Instagram a limited edition third fragrance, titled 'Madame X,' in line with her 2019 album, *Madame X*. This was in collaboration with London-based company, IIUVIO. Madame X Eau de Parfum's notes are Orange Blossom, Cinnamon and Raspberry; middle notes are Patchouli, Rose and Orange Blossom; base notes are Incense, Musk and Amber. This was to capture the essence Mediterranean coast, while mystical and mysterious elements are taken from the East. The packing and bottle design is minimal, with a red or black X stamped on the products.

### Other products

The footwear line was produced with ALDO Group. The initial footwear consists of more than 60 styles, including flats, heels, booties and over-the-knee boots. The product was announced to be sold in Nordstrom, ASOS.com and Macy's in the United States, Selfridges in the UK and The Bay and Little Burgundy Stores in Canada.

## MDNA Skin

MDNA Skin is a range of skin care products which were released in Japan on February 12, 2014. The premiere took place at Omotesando, Tokyo, and the product was developed in collaboration with MTG Co. Ltd, one of the foremost beauty care product developers in Japan. Madonna had previously released a picture on her Instagram account where she posed on her bathroom floor, while a caption said the following: "She's done for the day! Bath or shower? #MDNASKIN." The link from the hashtag connected to the official website for MDNA Skin. An exclusive release took place at a store on February 13, 2014, following a country-wide availability from February 26. The skin care ranges available included a serum—exclusively created for Madonna—for obtaining a glow effect on the skin, a chrome induced clay mask for enrichment of the skin as well as a skin rejuvenator which helps to eradicate impurity. As stated in Madonna's official website, the main motto of the product was to "challenge women and their awareness about the art of beauty and skin care. The MDNA Skin pop-up store will give customers the opportunity to see, feel and experience the products and enjoy the multiple screen projected visuals." Michelle Peck, who had been appointed as Madonna's skin advisor for the last ten years, was enlisted as the brand ambassador for the product and helped.

### Expansion

Following its Japanese launch in 2014, the brand was released in Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. By 2017, the brand has expanded to United States, where she promoted it on Jimmy Fallon show. She made a series of promotional videos, and one of them accompanied with Josh Ostrovsky ("The Fat Jewish"). She also stated: "I'm tired of hearing people complain here that they can't get it in America".

In 2017, it was also announced an intention to expand the brand in 2020 to other countries such as China, United Kingdom, France and Italy.

## Commercial reception

### Sales and earnings

H&M's ads featuring Madonna in European cities Prague and Brussels

*M by Madonna* helped raise H&M's revenue in its first month, and an estimated 15% during its first year. The company stated: "The M by Madonna collection was present in all 1,300 stores and drove impressive revenue growth in the first 10 days after the launch. Notably the previous designer collections were typically only in 250 stores". *Billboard* reported that Madonna earned $4 million, and at least collection's sales—which was broader than most— reached $20 million. However, Pamela Church Gibson of the London College of Fashion wrote the clothes "were not particularly successful", while another editor commented it was "one of the less popular of H&M's designer collaborations".

Her Macy's' 2010 line, Material Girl, was included as one of the reasons for the company's revenue jump compared to the previous year. Before the official launch, Madonna and Guy Oseary had already been paid $20 million for its 50 percent stake. MDNA Skin was well received in Japan upon its launch. Both Madonna and Cristiano Ronaldo's enterprises, made Tsuyoshi Matsushita, the owner of MTG Co. a billionaire.

In 2012, according to some media reports, Madonna earned $60 million for her debut perfume, Truth or Dare and an estimated $10 million for her Material Girl clothing line and shoe line. According to *Billboard*, the footwear line sold out in London, with Helen Attwood from Selfridges referring as their "most commercially successful footwear pop-up" of the year up to July. This also prompted the company to call as "the most successful celebrity endorsement Selfridges has ever hosted".

### Accolades

Madonna's fashion brands have earned some accolades, particularly her MDNA Skin line. Commercials for the MDNA Skin were awarded at the 2018 Shorty Awards, in Branded Content, and Cynopsis Short Form Video from Cynopsis Media. Products of MDNA Skin also received recognition from ceremonies such as *Allure*Beauty Awards, *Marie Claire* Hong Kong Beauty Awards, *Prestige Hong Kong*, *Cosmopolitan* Hong Kong Beauty Awards, *Women's Weekly* Singapore, *Her World*, *InStyle*, and various *Harper's Bazaars* Beauty Awards.

## Book sources


title: Ryan Hodierne

abstract: Ryan Hodierne is a South African sports scientist. A biomechanist with the Sports Science Centre at Singapore Sports Institute, Hodierne is one of those to whom Joseph Schooling paid tribute for his 2016 Summer Olympics success, including the nutritionist Kirsty Fairbairn and high-performance manager Sonya Porter. In an interview with the Singapore newspaper Today, Schooling called him "the best I have seen in biomechanics". Hodierne analyzed previous race footage and told Schooling the predicted movements of his fellow racers based on biomechanics.

text:
# Ryan Hodierne

**Ryan Hodierne** (born 1983) is a South African sports scientist. A biomechanist with the Sports Science Centre at Singapore Sports Institute, Hodierne is one of those to whom Joseph Schooling paid tribute for his 2016 Summer Olympics success, including the nutritionist Kirsty Fairbairn and high-performance manager Sonya Porter.

In an interview with the Singapore newspaper *Today*, Schooling called him "the best I have seen in biomechanics". Hodierne analyzed previous race footage and told Schooling the predicted movements of his fellow racers based on biomechanics.

## Career

Hodierne is a member of the High Performance Advisory Committee to South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC).

He previously worked with the South African swimmer Chad le Clos.

## InfoBox

| Ryan Hodierne | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1983 (age 4041) |
| Nationality | South African |
| Alma mater | University of Pretoria – Human Movement & Sports Sciences |
| Occupation | Sports biomechanist |
| Employer | Singapore Sports Institute |


title: Forst (Baden)

abstract: Forst is a municipality in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route 2 km north of Bruchsal and shares a direct border with that city.

text:
# Forst (Baden)

**Forst** (German pronunciation: \[fɔʁst\] ) is a municipality in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route 2 km north of Bruchsal and shares a direct border with that city.

## 1988 F-16C jet fighter crash

On March 31, 1988, a US Air Force F-16C jet fighter crashed into the town during a low-altitude exercise. After striking the roof of a house and badly damaging another, the aircraft slid down along the length of Forster Hardtstrasse, setting several houses on fire. The pilot, 24-year old Lt. Thomas Edward Doyle, and a resident, 62-year old Theo Huber, were killed.

## InfoBox

| Forst | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Forst within Karlsruhe district | |
| Forst Forst | |
| Coordinates: 49°09′12″N 08°35′03″E / 49.15333°N 8.58417°E / 49.15333; 8.58417 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Karlsruhe |
| District | Karlsruhe |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201725) | Bernd Killinger |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.47 km2 (4.43 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 112 m (367 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 8,170 |
| Density | 710/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 76694 |
| Dialling codes | 07251 |
| Vehicle registration | KA |
| Website | www.forst-baden.de |


title: Gotai

abstract: Gotai (五体) is a Japanese cultural practice regarding the intactness of the body, both in life and death, and has its roots in Confucianism. It is believed that the soul is directly influenced by the welfare of the body, and alteration to the body will directly influence or disrupt the soul. The notion is the basis for much of the Japanese reluctance to use implants or have surgery, to the point that earrings are traditionally frowned upon.

text:
# Gotai

**Gotai** (五体) is a Japanese cultural practice regarding the intactness of the body, both in life and death, and has its roots in Confucianism. It is believed that the soul is directly influenced by the welfare of the body, and alteration to the body will directly influence or disrupt the soul.

The notion is the basis for much of the Japanese reluctance to use implants or have surgery, to the point that earrings are traditionally frowned upon.


title: Nongstoin Assembly constituency

abstract: Nongstoin is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of West Khasi Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, its representative is Gabriel Wahlang of the Indian National Congress.

text:
# Nongstoin Assembly constituency

**Nongstoin** is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India.

It is part of West Khasi Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, its representative is Gabriel Wahlang of the Indian National Congress.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | | State |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | Hopingstone Lyngdoh |  | All Party Hill Leaders Conference | Assam |
| 2008 | Hopingstone Lyngdoh |  | Hill State People's Democratic Party | Meghalaya |
| 2013 | | | | |
| 2018 | Macmillan Byrsat |  | National People's Party | |
| 2023 | Gabriel Wahlang |  | Indian National Congress | |
|

## Election results

### 2018

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Nongstoin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **NPP** | **Macmillan Byrsat** |  |  |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above |  |  |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |

25°32′N 91°15′E / 25.53°N 91.25°E / 25.53; 91.25

## InfoBox

| Nongstoin | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 32 for the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| State | Meghalaya |
| District | West Khasi Hills |
| LS constituency | Shillong |
| Established | 1972 |
| Total electors | 43,120 |
| Reservation | ST |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 11th Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Gabriel Wahlang** | |
| Party | Indian National Congress |
| Elected year | 2023 |


title: Merong

abstract: The merong is a section of a composition for Javanese gamelan, a musical ensemble featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, and gongs. Specifically, the merong is the initial part of a gendhing. A merong cannot be played on its own, but must be followed by a minggah, which may also take the form of a ladrang or other colotomic structure. The merong is the longest of the sections used in gamelan composition. It consists of a single gongan lasting four nongan, but the nongan can be of different lengths. Merong are then classified according to the number of kethuk strokes in a nongan in each section. The merong does not use the kempyang or kempul. There are two patterns for the kethuk in the merong, arang and kerep ("frequent"). Both have the kethuk play only at the end of a gatra, but in the kerep pattern, it is at the end of all odd-numbered gatras, whereas in the arang, it is at the end of the gatras of doubled odd numbers. For example, consider a "gendhing kethuk 2 kerep minggah kethuk 4." This means that in the merong, there will be two kethuk strokes that happen on odd-numbered gatra. The structure would then look like:...T.......T...N...T.......T...N...T.......T...N...T.......T...G where "." indicates no interpunctuating instrument plays, p indicates the stroke of the kempyang, T the ketuk, N the kenong, and G the simultaneous stroke of the gong and kenong. Thus, in each section, the gong plays once, the kenong divides that into four parts, and then that is divided into parts according to the given structure. Here, in each part, each nongan lasts 16 beats (keteg), and thus the gongan lasts 64. That was a fairly short example; a "kethuk 4 arang" merong, for example, would look like:.......T...............T...............T...............T.......N.......T...............T...............T...............T.......N.......T...............T...............T...............T.......N.......T...............T...............T...............T.......G and thus a nongan would last 16 gatras, and a gongan 64 gatras. Obviously, in a long structure like that, especially at a slow tempo, a single gongan may last many minutes. The merong section may include a ngelik, which would also have the length of a single gongan.

text:
# Merong

The **merong** is a section of a composition for Javanese gamelan, a musical ensemble featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, and gongs. Specifically, the merong is the initial part of a gendhing. A merong cannot be played on its own, but must be followed by a minggah, which may also take the form of a ladrang or other colotomic structure.

The merong is the longest of the sections used in gamelan composition. It consists of a single gongan lasting four nongan, but the nongan can be of different lengths. Merong are then classified according to the number of kethuk strokes in a nongan in each section. The merong does not use the kempyang or kempul. There are two patterns for the kethuk in the merong, *arang* ("infrequent, sparse") and *kerep* ("frequent"). Both have the kethuk play only at the end of a gatra, but in the kerep pattern, it is at the end of all odd-numbered gatras, whereas in the arang, it is at the end of the gatras of doubled odd numbers (that is, gatras 2, 6, 10, 14, etc.).

For example, consider a "gendhing kethuk 2 kerep minggah kethuk 4." This means that in the merong, there will be two kethuk strokes that happen on odd-numbered gatra. The structure would then look like:

> ...T .... ...T ...N
> ...T .... ...T ...N
> ...T .... ...T ...N
> ...T .... ...T ...G

where "." indicates no interpunctuating instrument plays, p indicates the stroke of the kempyang, T the ketuk, N the kenong, and G the simultaneous stroke of the gong and kenong. Thus, in each section, the gong plays once, the kenong divides that into four parts, and then that is divided into parts according to the given structure. Here, in each part, each nongan lasts 16 beats (*keteg*), and thus the gongan lasts 64.

That was a fairly short example; a "kethuk 4 arang" merong, for example, would look like:

> .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... ...N
> .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... ...N
> .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... ...N
> .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... .... .... ...T .... ...G

and thus a nongan would last 16 gatras (64 beats), and a gongan 64 gatras (256 beats). Obviously, in a long structure like that, especially at a slow tempo, a single gongan may last many minutes.

The merong section may include a ngelik, which would also have the length of a single gongan.

* Neil Sorrell. *A Guide to the Gamelan*. London: Faber and Faber, 1990. Page 71–73.


title: Hugo Simon

abstract: Hugo Simon is an Olympic medal-winning show jumper who took part in six Olympics between 1972 and 1996. Before his first Olympic appearance, he competed for West Germany, but in 1972 became an Austrian citizen. He won a silver medal at age 49 at the team event at the 1992 Olympics on the horse Apricot D. Four years later, at age 53, he came fourth in the individual event after a jump-off involving seven riders competing for two medals. He was the first person to win three World Cup titles, at the inaugural 1979 contest and also in 1997 and 1998. This feat was later matched by Rodrigo Pessoa in 2000,Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum in 2009, Marcus Ehning 2010 and Steve Guerdat 2019. Simon is a businessman who has always considered show jumping a favorite hobby. He was still competing as of 2011, at age 68. He is regarded as the oldest winner of a show jumping Grand Prix, as he won the Grand Prix of Ebreichsdorf in May 2011. Simon competed at his first Olympics in 1972 riding Lavendel. This followed by numerous Grand Prix's nations cups and another four Olympic Games, with The Freak, Gipsy Lady, Apricot D and E.T. Although Simon has had many successful horses it is with the showjumping great E.T. he is best known, along with E.T. Simon won many grand prix's and championships including the Aachen Grand prix in 1998 as well as the world cup final in 1997.

text:
# Hugo Simon

**Hugo Simon** (born 3 August 1942) is an Olympic medal-winning show jumper who took part in six Olympics between 1972 and 1996 (1980 excepted). Before his first Olympic appearance, he competed for West Germany, but in 1972 became an Austrian citizen.

He won a silver medal at age 49 at the team event at the 1992 Olympics on the horse Apricot D. Four years later, at age 53, he came fourth in the individual event after a jump-off involving seven riders competing for two medals.

He was the first person to win three World Cup titles, at the inaugural 1979 contest (on Gladstone) and also in 1997 and 1998 (both on E.T.). This feat was later matched by Rodrigo Pessoa in 2000 ,Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum in 2009, Marcus Ehning 2010 and Steve Guerdat 2019.

Simon is a businessman who has always considered show jumping a favorite hobby. He was still competing as of 2011, at age 68. He is regarded as the oldest winner of a show jumping Grand Prix, as he won the Grand Prix of Ebreichsdorf (CSI 2\*) in May 2011.

Simon competed at his first Olympics in 1972 riding Lavendel. This followed by numerous Grand Prix's nations cups and another four Olympic Games, with The Freak, Gipsy Lady, Apricot D and E.T. Although Simon has had many successful horses it is with the showjumping great E.T. he is best known, along with E.T. Simon won many grand prix's and championships including the Aachen Grand prix in 1998 as well as the world cup final in 1997.

Horses * Amaretto I – Alexis Z x Gotthard (7 May 1982)
* Answer – x ()
* Apricot D – Alexis Z x Gotthard (1984)
* Caldato – Caretino x Landgraf I (1 May 2007)
* Coco Chanel – x ()
* Especiale – Voltaire x Ulft (1 January 1986)
* E.T. FRH – Espri x Garibaldi II (21 April 1987)
* Explosiv – Espri x (21 May 1992)
* Gipsy Lady – Gardestern I x Davos (1 January 1982)
* Gladstone – Götz x Weingau (1969)
* Gondoso – Gonzales x Landmeister (1986)
* Jasper – Courville xx x Nizam (23 March 1968)
* Lavendel – Lateran x Welf (1960)
* Magnum E – Wörth x Manometer (1982)
* Pasoa Dice – x ()
* Sir Piroth – Seydlitz x (1 January 1988)
* The Freak – Lucky Boy xx x Banko (1 January 1976)
* Ukinda – Emilion x Satanas de Vaux (1997)
* Wahre Liebe – Werther x Graphit (1989)
* Winzer – x ()

Competition results * 07 – Dortmund Germany, 1.50 Group comp. (1.50 Group comp.) – Ukinda 15 March 2008
* 09 – Dortmund Germany, 1.45 Against the clock (1.45 Against the clock) – Caldato 15 March 2008
* 03 – Dortmund Germany, 1.45 Against the clock (1.45 Against the clock) – Caldato 14 March 2008
* 05 – Aachen, Stawag-Prize (Stawag-Prize) – Caldato 19 May 2006
* 05 – Aachen, Baltic Horse Show "Ladies vs. Men" – 1.45 Winning round (Baltic Horse Show "Ladies vs. Men" – 1.45 Winning round) – Caldato 17 May 2006
* 02 – Linz, Austria, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – Caldato 14 May 2006
* 02 – Linz, Austria, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – Caldato 14 May 2006
* 03 – Linz, Austria, Preis der Draeger Medical – 1.45 Two phases (Preis der Draeger Medical – 1.45 Two phases) – Caldato 13 May 2006
* 03 – Linz, Austria, Preis der Draeger Medical – 1.45 Two phases (Preis der Draeger Medical – 1.45 Two phases) – Caldato 13 May 2006
* 44 – Neumunster Germany, Neumunster Grand Prix (Neumunster Grand Prix) – Caldato 19 February 2006
* 06 – Neumunster Germany, Grosser Preis der E.ON Sales and Trading GmbH – 1.60 Mixed comp. (Grosser Preis der E.ON Sales and Trading GmbH – 1.60 Mixed comp.) – Pasoa Dice 18 February 2006
* 09 – Neumunster Germany, Arienheller Premium Cup – 1.60 Against the clock (Arienheller Premium Cup – 1.60 Against the clock) – Caldato 17 February 2006
* 11 – Frankfurt, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – Caldato 18 December 2005
* 07 – Dortmund Germany, 1.45 Speed and handiness (1.45 Speed and handiness) – Coco Chanel 16 March 2002
* 01 – Berlin, Audi Championat Finale 01 (Audi Championat Finale 01) – ET 24 November 2001
* 08 – Berlin, Championat Von Berlin (Championat Von Berlin) – Explosiv 23 November 2001
* 05 – Berlin, Audi Championat Finale 02 (Audi Championat Finale 02) – ET 22 November 2001
* 01 – Linz, Austria, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 16 September 2001
* 17 – Aachen, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 17 June 2001
* 05 – Aachen, Prize of Tuchfabrik Becker (Prize of Tuchfabrik Becker) – Explosiv 15 June 2001
* 01 – Aachen, Prize of ELSA AG (Prize of ELSA AG) – ET 12 June 2001
* 01 – Aachen, Prize of ELSA AG (Prize of ELSA AG) – ET 12 June 2001
* 07 – Dortmund Germany, Dortmund Grand Prix (Dortmund Grand Prix) – ET 11 March 2001
* 18 – Dortmund Germany, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – ET 10 March 2001
* 10 – Dortmund Germany, 1.50 Against the clock (1.50 Against the clock) – ET 9 March 2001
* 07 – Stuttgart, Germany, Stuttgart Grand Prix (Stuttgart Grand Prix) – ET 19 November 2000
* 07 – Düsseldorf, Germany, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 15 October 2000
* 01 – Rotterdam, Netherlands, Rotterdam Grand Prix (Rotterdam Grand Prix) – ET 27 August 2000
* 02 – Aachen, Masters (Masters) – ET 14 July 2000
* 06 – Helsinki Finland, Helsinki Grand Prix (Helsinki Grand Prix) – ET 18 June 2000
* 05 – Zurich, Zurich Grand Prix (Zurich Grand Prix) – ET 18 March 2000
* 22 – Bordeaux, Prix Paris Turf (Table C) (Prix Paris Turf (Table C) ) – Sir Piroth 13 February 2000
* 07 – Bordeaux, Grand Prix Montres Pequignet (Grand Prix Montres Pequignet) – ET 13 February 2000
* 26 – Bordeaux, Prix de la Foire Internationale de Bordeaux (Prix de la Foire Internationale de Bordeaux ) – Explosiv 13 February 2000
* 15 – Bordeaux, Prix BMW Accumulator (Prix BMW Accumulator ) – Explosiv 12 February 2000
* 15 – Bordeaux, Prix Equidia (Prix Equidia) – Sir Piroth 12 February 2000
* 17 – Bordeaux, Prix du Comite Des Expositions De Bordeaux (Prix du Comite Des Expositions De Bordeaux ) – Explosiv 11 February 2000
* 20 – Bordeaux, World Cup preliminary round (World Cup preliminary round) – ET 11 February 2000
* 07 – Amsterdam, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier ) – ET 4 December 1999
* 15 – Frankfurt, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 12 October 1999
* 03 – Munchen-Riem, Germany, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – Wahre Liebe 13 May 1999
* 06 – Berlin, Berlin Grand Prix (Berlin Grand Prix) – ET 23 November 1998
* 01 – Stuttgart, Germany, Stuttgart Grand Prix (Stuttgart Grand Prix) – ET 22 November 1998
* 01 – Neumunster Germany, Neumunster Grand Prix (Neumunster Grand Prix) – Apricot D 22 September 1998
* 06 – Aachen, Prize of Licher Privatbrauerei (Prize of Licher Privatbrauerei) – Especiale 15 August 1998
* 05 – Aachen, Prize of Tuchfabrik Becker (Prize of Tuchfabrik Becker) – ET 14 August 1998
* 09 – Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen-Preis (Nordrhein-Westfalen-Preis) – Apricot D 13 August 1998
* 01 – Aachen, Prize of EXPO (Prize of EXPO) – ET 12 August 1998
* 03 – Aachen, Prize of Aachener (Prize of Aachener) – Apricot D 11 August 1998
* 01 – Aachen, Prize of ELSA AG (Prize of ELSA AG) – ET 11 August 1998
* 01 – Aachen, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 24 July 1998
* 01 – Aachen, Preis von Europa (Preis von Europa) – ET 23 July 1998
* 01 – Geesteren, Netherlands, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 17 July 1998
* 02 – Dortmund Germany, Dortmund Grand Prix (Dortmund Grand Prix) – ET 10 March 1998
* 06 – Stuttgart, Germany, Mercedes Masters (Mercedes Masters ) – Apricot D 18 November 1997
* 02 – European championships., Individual (Individual) – ET 23 August 1997
* 09 – Aachen, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – Apricot D 8 July 1997
* 01 – Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg Derby (Hamburg Derby) – Gondoso 3 June 1997
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup – 3rd Leg (World Cup – 3rd Leg) – ET 24 April 1997
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup – 2nd Leg (World Cup – 2nd Leg) – ET 24 April 1997
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup – 1st Leg (World Cup – 1st Leg) – ET 24 April 1997
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup Final (World Cup Final) – ET 21 April 1997
* 01 – Dortmund Germany, Dortmund Grand Prix (Dortmund Grand Prix) – ET 10 March 1997
* 01 – Berlin, Berlin Grand Prix (Berlin Grand Prix) – Apricot D 13 November 1996
* 01 – Monterry, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 17 August 1996
* 04 – Olympics, Individual (Individual) – ET 29 July 1996
* 14 -, Individual showjumping: First qualifying section (Individual showjumping: First qualifying section) – ET 27 July 1996
* 07 – Geesteren, Netherlands, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – Magnum 5 July 1996
* 02 – Aachen, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 19 June 1996
* 06 – Aachen, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – ET 17 June 1996
* 05 – Aachen, Preis von Europa (Preis von Europa) – ET 13 June 1996
* 10 – Aachen, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – ET 11 June 1996
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup – 1st Leg (World Cup – 1st Leg) – ET 24 April 1996
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup Final (World Cup Final) – ET 21 April 1996
* 01 – Dortmund Germany, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – ET 8 April 1996
* 04 – Zurich, Zurich Grand Prix (Zurich Grand Prix) – ET 25 March 1996
* 01 – s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Apricot D 18 March 1996
* 01 – Bologna, Gran Premio (Gran Premio) – ET 23 February 1996
* 04 – Bologna, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – ET 23 February 1996
* 05 – Stuttgart, Germany, Stuttgart Grand Prix (Stuttgart Grand Prix) – Apricot D 14 November 1995
* 05 – Geesteren, Netherlands, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – Apricot D 16 July 1995
* 01 – Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg Derby (Hamburg Derby) – ET 3 June 1995
* 02 – Dortmund Germany, Dortmund Grand Prix (Dortmund Grand Prix) – Apricot D 7 April 1995
* 07 – Zurich, Zurich Grand Prix (Zurich Grand Prix) – Apricot D 23 March 1995
* 12 – s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Apricot D 18 March 1995
* 10 – Geesteren, Netherlands, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – Apricot D 12 June 1994
* 01 – Bruxelles, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Apricot D 5 April 1994
* 07 – Dortmund Germany, Dortmund Grand Prix (Dortmund Grand Prix) – Amaretto I 16 April 1993
* 01 – Aarhus, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Apricot D 2 April 1993
* 06 – Stuttgart, Germany, Mercedes Masters (Mercedes Masters ) – Apricot D 13 November 1992
* 24 – Olympics, Individual (Individual) – Apricot D 22 May 1992
* 01 – Antwerp, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Apricot D 13 October 1990
* 37 – Olympics, Individual (Individual) – Gipsy Lady 22 May 1988
* 01 – Dortmund Germany, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Winzer 8 April 1987
* 04 – Rotterdam, Netherlands, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – The Freak 31 August 1986
* 06 – Donaueschingen, Germany, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – The Freak 13 June 1986
* 01 – Berlin, Berlin Grand Prix (Berlin Grand Prix) – The Freak 14 November 1985
* 03 – Rotterdam, Netherlands, Nations Cup (Nations Cup) – The Freak 31 August 1985
* 01 – Göteborg Sweden, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – The Freak 8 April 1985
* 03 – Dortmund Germany, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Gladstone 6 April 1985
* 07 – Bruxelles, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – The Freak 23 June 1984
* 01 – Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg Derby (Hamburg Derby) – Gladstone 3 June 1984
* 22 – Olympics, Individual (Individual) – The Freak 22 May 1984
* 07 – Amsterdam, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier ) – The Freak 24 April 1984
* 06 – Bordeaux, Grand Prix (Grand Prix) – The Freak 11 March 1984
* 01 – Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg Derby (Hamburg Derby) – Gladstone 3 June 1983
* 02 – World Cup Final, World Cup Final (World Cup Final) – Gladstone 24 April 1983
* 01 – Göteborg Sweden, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Gladstone 8 April 1983
* 03 – World Cup Final, World Cup Final (World Cup Final) – Gladstone 24 April 1982
* 03 – World Cup Final, World Cup Final (World Cup Final) – Gladstone 24 April 1981
* 01 – Göteborg Sweden, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Gladstone 8 April 1981
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup – 3rd Leg (World Cup – 3rd Leg) – Gladstone 24 April 1980
* 01 – s'Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Gladstone 18 March 1980
* 01 – Antwerp, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Answer 13 October 1979
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup – 1st Leg (World Cup – 1st Leg) – Gladstone 24 April 1979
* 01 – Göteborg Sweden, Göteborg Grand Prix (Göteborg Grand Prix) – Jasper 21 April 1979
* 01 – World Cup Final, World Cup Final (World Cup Final) – Gladstone 21 April 1979
* 01 – Dortmund Germany, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier) – Gladstone 8 April 1979
* 01 – Amsterdam, World Cup Qualifier (World Cup Qualifier ) – Gladstone 16 December 1978
* 01 – Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg Derby (Hamburg Derby) – Jasper 3 June 1977
* 05 – Olympics, Individual (Individual) – Lavendel 22 May 1976
* 04 – Olympics, Individual (Individual) – Lavendel 22 May 1972

## InfoBox

Hugo Simon
| Hugo Simon at Jumping Amsterdam 1978, which he won | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 3 August 1942 (1942-08-03) (age 82)<br>Křivá Voda, present-day Czech Republic |
| Height | 1.62 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Weight | 65 kg (143 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Horse riding |
| Club | RC Schloß Graschnitz, Sankt Marein im Mürztal |
| Medal record      Representing  Austria  Olympic Games  Barcelona 1992  Team jumping | |


abstract: The Very Best of the Electric Light Orchestra is a compilation album by the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), released in 1994. It peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart.

text:
# The Very Best of the Electric Light Orchestra

***The Very Best of the Electric Light Orchestra*** is a compilation album by the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), released in 1994. It peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jeff Lynne, with the exception of *Roll Over Beethoven* by Chuck Berry

| No. | Title | Original Album | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sweet Talkin' Woman" | Out of the Blue | 3:48 |
| 2. | "Mr. Blue Sky" | Out of the Blue | 5:02 |
| 3. | "Livin' Thing" | A New World Record | 3:33 |
| 4. | "Evil Woman" | Face the Music | 4:14 |
| 5. | "Telephone Line" | A New World Record | 4:41 |
| 6. | "Rockaria!" | A New World Record | 3:14 |
| 7. | "Turn to Stone" | Out of the Blue | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Don't Bring Me Down" | Discovery | 4:04 |
| 9. | "Wild West Hero" | Out of the Blue | 4:41 |
| 10. | "All Over the World" | Xanadu | 4:00 |
| 11. | "Hold on Tight" | Time | 3:07 |
| 12. | "Confusion" | Discovery | 3:41 |
| 13. | "Showdown" | On the Third Day | 4:10 |
| 14. | "Last Train to London" | Discovery | 4:33 |
| 15. | "Strange Magic" | Face the Music | 4:09 |
| 16. | "Shine a Little Love" | Discovery | 4:44 |
| 17. | "The Diary of Horace Wimp" | Discovery | 4:17 |
| 18. | "Roll Over Beethoven (Live)" | ELO 2 | 4:20 |

## Charts

| Chart (1994-1995) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 15 |
| Finnish Albums (The Official Finnish Charts) | 5 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 5 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 4 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| The Very Best of the Electric Light Orchestra | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by Electric Light Orchestra | |
| Released | 1994 |
| Recorded | 1973–1985 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Dino |
| Producer | Jeff Lynne |
| Electric Light Orchestra chronology | |
| *ELO's Greatest Hits Vol. 2*
(1992) ***The Very Best of the Electric Light Orchestra***
(1994) *Strange Magic: The Best of Electric Light Orchestra*
(1995) | |


title: Tanum Church (Bærum)

abstract: Tanum Church is a church located at Bærum in Akershus county, Norway.

text:
# Tanum Church (Bærum)

**Tanum Church** (*Tanum kirke*) is a church located at Bærum in Akershus county, Norway.

## History

The church from the early 12th century is one of two medieval churches in Bærum. It was constructed of stone in a rectangular form. It is a Romanesque church that sometimes is referred to as built in *Anglo-Saxon style*. The church is dated to the first half of the 12th century and was dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin. In the early 18th century, the church was expanded eight meters to the west. On the north side of the choir, a sacristy with burial chamber below was built in 1674. However, this soon became too small, and in 1713 a larger burial chapel was built, next to the sacristy. In the early 20th century, the church was restored.

The church and surrounding burial site is considered as an important cultural heritage by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage and protected by law.

Tanum church has retained its rich inventory and has been a popular motive for many visual artists, among them Harriet Backer.

## Current interior

A crucifix and a woman figure, probably showing Virgin Mary and two portals to the south from the Middle Ages are preserved.

The Renaissance altarpiece is from 1663, where the main picture shows Jesus on the cross flanked by Saint Mary and Saint John the Apostle (which is also a motive in some of the murals). The baptismal font was performed by Svend Svanneberg in 1724. The pulpit, which is round, is probably also performed by Svend Svanneberg. There are also exposed murals on the walls. In the church there is a small church organ with 8 voices.

## Harriet Backer and Tanum Church

Harriet Backer painted motifs of the interior of Tanum Church several times. Of the most famous are "Christening in Tanum Church" and in "Entrance Wives" (of two women who receive the Eucharist by a priest), both performed in 1892. These paintings clearly showcase her coloristic skills and how she depicts the light and colors of the interior in the interior.

## Burial site

Tanum Church is surrounded by a cemetery that has been burial site since pre-Christian times. There are several large, ancient burial mounds. Today's cemetery contains about 3000 graves. The oldest preserved grave monuments are from late 17th century.

## InfoBox

| Tanum Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Tanum kirke | |
|  | |
| Tanum ChurchLocation of the churchTanum ChurchTanum Church (Norway) | |
| 59°53′44.84″N 10°28′44.57″E / 59.8957889°N 10.4790472°E / 59.8957889; 10.4790472 | |
| Location | Tanum, Bærum |
| Country | Norway |
| Denomination | Church of Norway |
| Churchmanship | Evangelical Lutheran |
| Website | tanum-menighet.no |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | St. Mary's Church |
| Status | Parish church |
| Dedication | Saint Mary the Virgin |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Architectural type | Romanesque |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 250 seats |
| Materials | Stone |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Oslo<br> |
| Deanery | Bærum |
| Parish | Tanum |