title: UMass Lowell River Hawks men's lacrosse

abstract: The UMass Lowell Men's Lacrosse team is a college lacrosse team that represents UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. The school's teams are members of the America East Conference. Ed Stephenson was hired on August 1, 2013 to become the program's first head coach.

text:
# UMass Lowell River Hawks men's lacrosse

The **UMass Lowell Men's Lacrosse** team is a college lacrosse team that represents UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. The school's teams are members of the America East Conference. Ed Stephenson was hired on August 1, 2013 to become the program's first head coach.

## The Ed Stephenson Years

Ed Stephenson was hired as the first Men's lacrosse coach in UMass Lowell's history as a DI program in 2013. He led the River Hawks for eight seasons from 2015 through 2022, when he resigned. The Stephenson era at UMass Lowell was dominated by losing seasons as he led the River Hawks to an overall record of 28-77 and never had a winning season during his tenure.

2018 was the height of the Stephenson era as the River Hawks went 8-8 during their fourth season as a DI program and made the America East Tournament, where they fell to top-seeded UAlbany.

During the Stephenson era, UMass Lowell produced five Second-Team All-Conference selections and seven America East All-Rookie selections. In 2019, midfielder Dan Cozzi and faceoff man Liam McDonough became the first players in program history to be named First-Team All-Conference honorees.

## The Drew Kelleher Years

Drew Kelleher was hired as the second head coach in UMass Lowell Men's lacrosse history on June 16, 2022.

## Year by year results

| Season | Coach | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| **Ed Stephenson**  *(America East Conference)* (2015–2022) | | | | | | | | |
| 2015 | Ed Stephenson | 1–13 | 0-6 | 7th |  |
| 2016 | Ed Stephenson | 4–12 | 0-6 | 7th |  |
| 2017 | Ed Stephenson | 4–12 | 1-5 | 7th |  |
| 2018 | Ed Stephenson | 8–8 | 3-3 | 4th |  |
| 2019 | Ed Stephenson | 5–9 | 2-4 | 7th |  |
| 2020 | Ed Stephenson | 3–4 | 0-0 |  |  |
| 2021 | Ed Stephenson | 1–8 | 1–7 | 7th |  |
| 2022 | Ed Stephenson | 2-11 | 2-4 | 6th |  |
| **Ed Stephenson:** | | 28–77 (.267) | 9–35 (.205) |  | | | | |
| **Drew Kelleher**  *(America East Conference)* (2023–Current) | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | Drew Kelleher | 0–13 | 0–7 |  |  |
| 2024 | Drew Kelleher | 0–12 | 0–7 |  |  |
| **Drew Kelleher:** | | 0–17 (.000) |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 28–94 (.230) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

†NCAA canceled 2020 collegiate activities due to the COVID-19 virus.

## InfoBox

| UMass Lowell River Hawks men's lacrosse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| University | University of Massachusetts Lowell |
| Head coach | Drew Kelleher (Jun 2022-Current season) |
| Stadium | Cushing Field Complex |
| Location | Lowell, Massachusetts |
| Conference | America East |
| Nickname | River Hawks |
| Colors | Blue, white, and red
 |


title: John Casey (rugby league)

abstract: John Casey was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played at club level for Castleford.

text:
# John Casey (rugby league)

**John Casey** was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played at club level for Castleford.

## Playing career

### County League appearances

John Casey played in Castleford's victory in the Yorkshire League during the 1932–33 season.

## InfoBox

John Casey
| Playing information | |
| --- | --- |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1928–33 Castleford 81 17 1 0 53 | |


title: Animal (Lump album)

abstract: Animal is the second studio album by British musical duo Lump, composed of singer Laura Marling and producer Mike Lindsay. It was released on 30 June 2021 by Chrysalis and Partisan.

text:
# Animal (Lump album)

***Animal*** is the second studio album by British musical duo Lump, composed of singer Laura Marling and producer Mike Lindsay. It was released on 30 June 2021 by Chrysalis and Partisan.

## Background and recording

Lump was formed in June 2016 after singer-songwriter Laura Marling and Mike Lindsay of folktronica group Tunng met at a Neil Young concert. Both were mutual fans of each other's work and they promptly began making music together, culminating in a self-titled debut which was released in 2018 to strong critical reception. The duo "had no idea" if they would make a second Lump album, but were pleased by the project's potential for further exploration and expansion, as well as its independence from the music they were best known for. Recording began in spring 2019, with Marling coming to Lindsay's home studio in Margate, Kent every two weeks between May and November of that year. Like their debut, Lindsay served as lead composer and musical director, while Marling provided vocal melodies and lyrics.

## Composition

According to Ben Cohn of *Beats Per Minute*, the album is a "robust synthesis" of both acoustic and digital musical genres, notably baroque pop, alternative dance and indie folk. Nonetheless, Lindsay tried not to use the acoustic elements "obviously related" to his work with Tunng and Marling's solo work. The *New Statesman*'s Ellen Peirson-Hagger considered its music to be art pop with tendencies towards electropop, while Kevin Harley of *Record Collector* and Alex Rigotti of *Gigwise* described it as retro-electro and folktronica respectively. Lindsay aimed to capture a "vintage and late '70s flavour" for the sound of the record, but avoided replicating the sound of individual influences, instead "subliminally trying to channel those things".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.6/10 |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *DIY* |  |
| *The Independent* |  |
| *The Irish Times* |  |
| *The Line of Best Fit* | 9/10 |
| *NME* |  |
| *The Skinny* |  |

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 82, based on 8 critical reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".

## Track listing

All track are written by Laura Marling and Mike Lindsay and produced by Mike Lindsay.

*Animal* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Bloom at Night" | 5:20 |
| 2. | "Gamma Ray" | 5:27 |
| 3. | "Animal" | 4:37 |
| 4. | "Climb Every Wall" | 4:38 |
| 5. | "Red Snakes" | 4:38 |
| 6. | "Paradise" | 4:34 |
| 7. | "Hair on the Pillow" | 1:41 |
| 8. | "We Cannot Resist" | 4:46 |
| 9. | "Oberon" | 2:09 |
| 10. | "Phantom Limb" | 6:35 |
| Total length: | | 44:25 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *Animal*
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 22 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 65 |

## InfoBox

| Animal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Lump | |
| Released | 30 July 2021 (2021-07-30) |
| Studio | Mike Lindsay's home studio (Margate, Kent) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 44:25 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Mike Lindsay |
| Lump chronology | |
| *Lump*
(2018) ***Animal***
(2021) | |


title: Rudder ratio

abstract: Rudder ratio refers to a value that is monitored by the computerized flight control systems in modern aircraft. The ratio relates the aircraft airspeed to the rudder deflection setting that is in effect at the time. As an aircraft accelerates, the deflection of the rudder needs to be reduced proportionately within the range of the rudder pedal depression by the pilot. This automatic reduction process is needed because if the rudder is fully deflected when the aircraft is in high-speed flight, it will cause the plane to sharply and violently yaw, or swing from side to side, leading to loss of control and rudder, tail and other damages, even causing the aircraft to crash.

text:
# Rudder ratio

**Rudder ratio** refers to a value that is monitored by the computerized flight control systems in modern aircraft. The ratio relates the aircraft airspeed to the rudder deflection setting that is in effect at the time. As an aircraft accelerates, the deflection of the rudder needs to be reduced proportionately within the range of the rudder pedal depression by the pilot. This automatic reduction process is needed because if the rudder is fully deflected when the aircraft is in high-speed flight, it will cause the plane to sharply and violently yaw, or swing from side to side, leading to loss of control and rudder, tail and other damages, even causing the aircraft to crash.


abstract: The United States Virgin Islands national cricket team has represented the United States unincorporated territory of the United States Virgin Islands in cricket. The team is not a member of the International Cricket Council, but is a member of the Leeward Islands Cricket Association, which itself is a member association of the West Indies Cricket Board, and players from the United States Virgin Islands generally represent the Leeward Islands cricket team at domestic level and the West Indies at international level. The United States Virgin Islands have however played as a separate entity in matches which held Twenty20 status, but has not appeared in first-class or List A cricket.

text:
# United States Virgin Islands national cricket team

The **United States Virgin Islands national cricket team** has represented the United States unincorporated territory of the United States Virgin Islands in cricket. The team is not a member of the International Cricket Council, but is a member of the Leeward Islands Cricket Association, which itself is a member association of the West Indies Cricket Board, and players from the United States Virgin Islands generally represent the Leeward Islands cricket team at domestic level and the West Indies at international level. The United States Virgin Islands have however played as a separate entity in matches which held Twenty20 status, but has not appeared in first-class or List A cricket.

## History

A United States Virgin Islands cricket team first appeared in West Indian cricket in the 1991 Leeward Islands Tournament against the British Virgin Islands at the Lionel Roberts Stadium, Charlotte Amalie. Prior to that a Combined Virgin Islands team had taken part in the 1988 Leeward Islands Tournament. The following season the team played against a touring Marylebone Cricket Club side and throughout the 1990s it participated in the Leeward Islands One-Day tournament.

Its participation in that tournament continued until 1998 after which its place was taken by a reconstituted Combined Virgin Islands team before the USVI again started participating separately for the one-day tournaments in 2003 and 2004 while a Combined Virgin Islands team participated in the Leeward Islands 3-day tournament. It was in February 2003 that the islands first hosted first-class cricket, with West Indies B playing Guyana at the Paul E. Joseph Stadium, Frederiksted. In March of that same year, the Leeward Islands played their first-class cricket on the islands for the first time when they played Trinidad and Tobago in the 2002/03 Carib Beer Cup, with the ground having held five further first-class matches since. In 2005 the USVI and BVI again ceased to participate separately in all Leeward Islands tournaments (one day and three-day tournaments) and their places were taken by the Combined Virgin Islands until 2008 after which they participated separately again in all Leeward Islands tournaments.

As part of Allen Stanford's vision for cricket in the West Indies, the United States Virgin Islands were invited to take part in the 2006 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. Stanford gave US$100,000 for their participation. They played two matches in the tournament, defeating Sint Maarten by 47 runs in their preliminary round match, before losing in the first round to St Vincent and the Grenadines by 5 wickets. Two years later, they were invited to take part in the 2008 Stanford 20/20, where the team was trained by Desmond Haynes and coached by former Leeward Islands cricketer Livingston Harris. They won their preliminary round match against St Kitts by 4 wickets, before losing in the first round to Antigua and Barbuda by 24 runs.

Following the reorganisation of domestic Twenty20 cricket in the West Indies in the aftermath of the fraud convictions against Allen Stanford, the United States Virgin Islands were excluded from the revamped regional tournament. The team's last appearance in the Leeward Islands One-Day Tournament came against Montserrat in 2009.

## Notable players

*See List of United States Virgin Islands Twenty20 players and Category:United States Virgin Islands cricketers*

## InfoBox

United States Virgin Islands
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personnel | |
| Captain | Unknown |
| Coach | Unknown |
| Team information | |
| Colours | Lime, green |
| Home ground | Addelita Cancryn Junior High School Ground |
| History | |
| Four Day wins | n/a |
| WICB Cup wins | n/a |
| Twenty20 wins | 0 |


title: WRPW

abstract: WRPW is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Colfax, Illinois, in the Bloomington-Normal radio market. WRPW broadcasts a talk radio format known as "Cities Talk FM 92.9." It is owned by Pilot Media, a subsidiary of Great Plains Media. Great Plains' CEO is Jerry Zimmer, a longtime partner in the Zimmer Radio Group based in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. WRPW has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts. The transmitter is on North 2850 East Road in Ellsworth, Illinois.

text:
# WRPW

**WRPW** (92.9 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Colfax, Illinois, in the Bloomington-Normal radio market. WRPW broadcasts a talk radio format known as "Cities Talk FM 92.9." It is owned by Pilot Media, a subsidiary of Great Plains Media. Great Plains' CEO is Jerry Zimmer, a longtime partner in the Zimmer Radio Group based in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.

WRPW has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts. The transmitter is on North 2850 East Road in Ellsworth, Illinois.

## Programming

Weekdays on WRPW begin with a local drive time show, "The Morning Buzz with Cat Petersen." The rest of the weekday line up is made up of nationally syndicated conservative talk shows: Glenn Beck, Dan Bongino, Sean Hannity, Mark Levin, "Markley, Van Camp and Robbins," Ben Shapiro, Larry Elder and "This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal."

Weekends feature shows on politics, home repair, law enforcement, money and health. Weekend syndicated hosts include Gary Sullivan, Joe Pags, Dennis Prager, Bill Handel, Mike Gallagher and Bill Cunningham. Most hours begin with an update from Fox News Radio. The weekend lineup also includes local hosts such as Kevin Phares, David Paul Blumenshine, Ty Smith, and El Donzo and Deez.

This station spews right wing conspiracy theories.

## History

WRPW made its debut in 1996 as **WAPU**. Soon after signing on, the call sign was changed to **WSNI** and the station became adult contemporary station "**Sunny 92.9**" with a satellite-fed format. In late 2001, call letters were switched to **WRPW** and the station became a simulcast of 92.3 WZPW in Peoria, Illinois, and the stations together used the name *"Power 92"*.

In 2006, WZPW and WRPW stopped simulcasting after WZPW was sold to Regent Broadcasting, but both retained the same format. The brand name of WRPW was also changed from *"Power 92"* to *"Power 92.9"*. On August 30, 2007, at 11:30PM the station flipped from Rhythmic CHR to Talk. The station seized the opportunity to pick up popular syndicated shows to compete with heritage news/talker 1230 WJBC's mostly local lineup. WRPW began airing The Rush Limbaugh Show after being dropped by WJBC in March 2007.

Prior to 1996, the call letters WRPW were used on Pace University's low-power college radio station at 630 AM in Pleasantville, New York, home of the Pete and Jim Show.

40°29′28″N 88°43′16″W / 40.491°N 88.721°W / 40.491; -88.721

## InfoBox

WRPW
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Bloomington-Normal |
| Frequency | 92.9 MHz |
| Branding | Cities Talk FM 92.9 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Talk radio |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks
Westwood One
Salem Radio Network
Compass Media Networks
Fox News Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Great Plains Media |
| Sister stations | WZIM, WIBL |
| History | |
| First air date | May 5, 1996 (1996-05-05) |
| Former call signs | WAPU (1996–1998)
WSNI (1998–2001) |
| Call sign meaning | **P**o**W**er (previous format) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 6,000 watts |
| HAAT | 100 meters (330 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | cities929.com |


title: Harpalus neglectus

abstract: Harpalus neglectus is a species of ground beetle native to Europe, where it can be found in such territories as Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain including the Isle of Man, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and Ukraine. It is doubtful that the beetle exists in Austria, Slovakia and Switzerland. It is also found in such African countries as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.

text:
# Harpalus neglectus

***Harpalus neglectus*** is a species of ground beetle native to Europe, where it can be found in such territories as Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain including the Isle of Man, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and Ukraine. It is doubtful that the beetle exists in Austria, Slovakia and Switzerland. It is also found in such African countries as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.

## InfoBox

| *Harpalus neglectus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Harpalinae |
| Tribe: | Harpalini |
| Genus: | *Harpalus* |
| Species: | ***H. neglectus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Harpalus neglectus***<br>Audinet-Serville, 1821 | |
|


title: Ijumaa Mosque

abstract: Ijumaa Mosque is a mosque in Stone Town, Zanzibar, Tanzania. The mosque was completely renovated in 1994 in the modern arabesque style.

text:
# Ijumaa Mosque

**Ijumaa Mosque** is a mosque in Stone Town, Zanzibar, Tanzania. The mosque was completely renovated in 1994 in the modern arabesque style.

## InfoBox

| Ijumaa Mosque | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Location | |
| Location | Stone Town, Zanzibar, Tanzania |
| Shown within Tanzania | |
| Geographic coordinates | 6°09′33″S 39°11′32″E / 6.1592°S 39.1923°E / -6.1592; 39.1923 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | mosque |
| Style | arabesque and Islamic styles |


title: I Will Buy You

abstract: I Will Buy You I Will Buy You is a 1956 Japanese drama film directed by Masaki Kobayashi.

text:
# I Will Buy You

***I Will Buy You*** (あなた買います, *Anata kaimasu*) is a 1956 Japanese drama film directed by Masaki Kobayashi.

## Plot

Kishimoto is a talent scout for the Toyo Flowers baseball club, one of three competitors who try to buy new promising hitter Kurita for their team. While Kurita's shadowy benefactor and manager Kyuki, who financed the student's education, is making negotiations, Kurita's girlfriend Fudeko tries to talk him out of entering the professional baseball league. The competitors finally meet at the countryside home of Kurita's family, who have their own plans for their son and brother.

## Cast

## Reception

Film historians Donald Richie and Joseph L. Anderson wrote in their 1959 compendium *The Japanese Film – Art & Industry* that "Kobayashi lacked the power to present a really smashing indictment". In his *Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors: From the Silent Era to the Present Day*, Alexander Jacoby called *I Will Buy You* a "critique of commercial values in the world of sport" which benefited from the persona of actor Yūnosuke Itō.

## Awards

## Legacy

*I Will Buy You* was presented as part of the retrospective "Against Authority: The Cinema of Masaki Kobayashi" at the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive in 2019.

## InfoBox

| I Will Buy You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Japanese name | |
| **Kanji** | あなた買います |
|  | |
| Directed by | Masaki Kobayashi |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by | Masaharu Kokaji |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Yuharu Atsuta |
| Edited by | Yoshiyasu Hamamura |
| Music by | Tadashi Kinoshita |
| Production<br>company | Shochiku |
| Distributed by | Shochiku |
| Release date | * 21 November 1956 (1956-11-21) |
| Running time | 112 mins. |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Humfrey Gifford

abstract: Humfrey Gifford, was an English poet. In 1580 he published A Posie of Gilloflowers containing 46 poems, a selection of verse translations of Italian riddles and nine prose translations from Italian. A new edition was printed in 1875, edited by Alexander Balloch Grosart. Grosart describes his reference copy of A Posie as a "unique exemplar". His edition is itself a rarity - only 40 copies were printed. However, a second copy of the original was discovered in 1930 and a further edition of A Posie was edited by F. J. Harvey Darton in 1933 - this time 500 copies were printed. More recently two of Gifford's poems were included in The Penguin Book of Elizabethan Verse. Little is known of Gifford's life. In the Introduction to his Complete Poems, Grosart comments: "Our researches have been wide and persistent and warmly seconded by many fellow book-lovers. The result is sadly disproportionate to the expenditure." He places the Gifford family in Devon, and associates Humfrey with the Poultry Compter - a prison in Cheapside in the City of London - whether as an official or as an inmate is not clear.

text:
# Humfrey Gifford

**Humfrey Gifford** (*fl.* 1580), was an English poet. In 1580 he published *A Posie of Gilloflowers* containing 46 poems, a selection of verse translations of Italian riddles and nine prose translations from Italian. A new edition was printed in 1875, edited by Alexander Balloch Grosart.

Grosart describes his reference copy of *A Posie* (now in the British Library) as a "unique exemplar". His edition is itself a rarity - only 40 copies were printed. However, a second copy of the original was discovered in 1930 and a further edition of *A Posie* was edited by F. J. Harvey Darton in 1933 - this time 500 copies were printed. More recently two of Gifford's poems were included in *The Penguin Book of Elizabethan Verse*.

Little is known of Gifford's life. In the Introduction to his *Complete Poems,* Grosart comments: "Our researches have been wide and persistent and warmly seconded by many fellow book-lovers. The result is sadly disproportionate to the expenditure." He places the Gifford family in Devon, and associates Humfrey with the Poultry Compter \- a prison in Cheapside in the City of London \- whether as an official or as an inmate is not clear.

## InfoBox

A Posie of Gilloflowers
| 1580 edition of A Posie of Gilloflowers<br>reproduced in 1933 edition | |
| --- | --- |


title: Gifford Pinchot III

abstract: Gifford Pinchot III is an American entrepreneur, author, inventor, and president of Pinchot & Company. He is credited with inventing the concept of intrapreneurship in a paper that he and his wife, Elizabeth Pinchot, wrote in 1978 titled "Intra-Corporate Entrepreneurship" while attending Tarrytown School for Entrepreneurs in New York. The Pinchots first book, Intrapreneuring: Why You Don't Have to Leave the Corporation to Become an Entrepreneur (1985) presented an expansion of the intrapreneurship concept and was noted in mainstream media as "stirring discussion within management". Pinchot & Company, which he runs with his wife Elizabeth S. Pinchot, has served over half of the Fortune 100 and helped clients to launch over 800 new products and businesses. The company delivers both live and online education in intrapreneurship, both for intrapreneurs and managers of intrapreneurs, as well as consulting on how to create systems and a culture that supports intrapreneurship. In 2002, Gifford and his wife Elizabeth, along with Sherman Severin and Jill Bamburg, founded the Bainbridge Graduate Institute, now merged with Presidio Graduate School. BGI was the first graduate school in the United States to offer an MBA in sustainable business. Gifford was the first, third and fifth CEO of the Bainbridge Graduate Institute. He left that position in 2014 and has rededicated his energies to supporting the intrapreneurship and social intrapreneurship movements. Gifford Pinchot III is the grandson of the first chief of the United States Forest Service and the 28th governor of Pennsylvania, Gifford Pinchot. The younger Pinchot has been recognized for carrying on his grandfather's work in conservationism.

text:
# Gifford Pinchot III

**Gifford Pinchot III** (born December 29, 1942) is an American entrepreneur, author, inventor, and president of Pinchot & Company. He is credited with inventing the concept of intrapreneurship in a paper that he and his wife, Elizabeth Pinchot, wrote in 1978 titled "Intra-Corporate Entrepreneurship" while attending Tarrytown School for Entrepreneurs in New York.

The Pinchots first book, *Intrapreneuring: Why You Don't Have to Leave the Corporation to Become an Entrepreneur* (1985) presented an expansion of the intrapreneurship concept and was noted in mainstream media as "stirring discussion within management".

Pinchot & Company, which he runs with his wife Elizabeth S. Pinchot, has served over half of the *Fortune* 100 and helped clients to launch over 800 new products and businesses. The company delivers both live and online education in intrapreneurship, both for intrapreneurs and managers of intrapreneurs, as well as consulting on how to create systems and a culture that supports intrapreneurship.

In 2002, Gifford and his wife Elizabeth, along with Sherman Severin and Jill Bamburg, founded the Bainbridge Graduate Institute, now merged with Presidio Graduate School. BGI was the first graduate school in the United States to offer an MBA in sustainable business (see Green MBA). Gifford was the first, third and fifth CEO of the Bainbridge Graduate Institute. He left that position in 2014 and has rededicated his energies to supporting the intrapreneurship and social intrapreneurship movements.

Gifford Pinchot III is the grandson of the first chief of the United States Forest Service and the 28th governor of Pennsylvania, Gifford Pinchot. The younger Pinchot has been recognized for carrying on his grandfather's work in conservationism.

## Books

* *Intrapreneuring: Why You Don't Have to Leave the Corporation to Become an Entrepreneur* (Harper & Row, 1985)
* *The Intelligent Organization* (Berrett Koehler, 1994)
* *Intrapreneuring in Action - A Handbook for Business Innovation* (Berrett Koehler, 1999)

## Awards

* In 2008, *Executive Excellence Publishing* listed Pinchot as number 32 in their Excellence 100 - The top 100 Leadership Consultants.
* In 2009, Pinchot received the Olympus Lifetime of Educational Innovation Award.

## Education

1. Macrae, Norman (April 17, 1982). "Intrapreneurial Now: Big Goes Bust". *The Economist*. 7233. Vol. 283. pp. 47–52.
2. Deccan Herald (2011)
3. Demott, John (February 4, 1985). "Here Come the Intrapreneurs". *Time*. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
4. "Pinchot University (2011)". Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
5. "Pinchot University". Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
6. Von dobeneck, Monica (August 24, 2011). "Gifford Pinchot III carries on his famous grandfather's environmental legacy". *Patriot-News PennLive*. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
7. Executive Excellence Publishing (2008)
8. "Olympus". Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

## Read also

## InfoBox

| Gifford Pinchot III | |
| --- | --- |
| Gifford Pinchot III in 2011 | |
| Born | (1942-12-29) December 29, 1942 |
| Alma mater | Harvard University
Johns Hopkins University |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Pinchot |
| Relatives | Gifford Pinchot (grandfather)
Cornelia Bryce Pinchot (grandmother) |


title: Piezodorus lituratus

abstract: Piezodorus lituratus, the gorse shield bug, is a species of Pentatomidae, a family of shield bugs.

text:
# Piezodorus lituratus

***Piezodorus lituratus***, the **gorse shield bug**, is a species of Pentatomidae, a family of shield bugs.

## Varieties

* *Piezodorus lituratus var. lituratus* (Fabricius, 1794)
* *Piezodorus lituratus var. alliaceus* (Germar, 1823)

## Distribution

This species is present in Africa, in most of Europe, in Northern Asia (excluding China) and in North America.

## Habitat

These shield bugs live in many habitats where host plants are present. They prefer dry and warm habitats, especially with sandy soil.

## Description

*Piezodorus lituratus* can reach a length of 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in). These large shieldbugs occur in two adult colour forms. In the spring when they emerge and mate they are predominantly green, while the new generation that appears in the late summer has purplish-red markings on the pronotum and corium. In autumn they have a much paler color, prior to hibernation they may become darker, but after hibernation they are bright green.

In *Piezodorus lituratus var. alliaceus* the corium shows a uniform yellow-greenish color.

This species could be confused with the green shieldbug, *Palomena prasina*, but *Piezodorus lituratus* has a different habitat and red antennae.

## Biology

Mating takes place from May to July, the females lay 10 to 20 eggs on the stems, leaves and fruits of the host plants. The nymphs occur until September. The adults of the new summer generation can be found from the end of July or beginning of August. Hibernation occurs in the imago stage.

The main host plants are various legumes (Fabaceae), especially common broom (*Sarothamnus scoparius*) and dyer's greenweed (*Genista tinctoria*), but also alfalfa (*Medicago sativa*), vetches (*Vicia* species), sweet-clover (*Melilotus* species), crown vetches (*Coronilla* species) sainfoins (*Onobrychis* species), lupin (*Lupinus* species) and others.

## Life cycle

## Bibliography

* Gärdenfors Ulf, red (2010). Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010=The 2010 red list of Swedish species. Uppsala: Artdatabanken i samarbete med Naturvårdsverket. Libris 11818177. ISBN 978-91-88506-35-1
* Henry, Thomas J., and Richard C. Froeschner, eds. (1988), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States
* Ekkehard Wachmann, Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Wanzen. Band 4: Pentatomomorpha II: Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae, Thyreocoridae, Plataspidae, Acanthosomatidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae. Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2008, ISBN 978-3-937783-36-9.

## InfoBox

| *Piezodorus lituratus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Late summer adult | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Pentatomidae |
| Subfamily: | Pentatominae |
| Tribe: | Piezodorini |
| Genus: | *Piezodorus* |
| Species: | ***P. lituratus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Piezodorus lituratus***<br>(Fabricius, 1794) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cimex lituratus* Fabricius, 1794 * *Piezodorus degeeri* Fieber, 1860 | |


title: Animal (Jebediah song)

abstract: "Animal" is a song by Australian alternative rock band Jebediah's, released on 9 August 1999 as the lead single from the band's second studio album. The song reached number 16 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and polled at number 19 on national radio station, Triple J's Hottest 100 for 1999. The track was co-written by all four band members: Chris Daymond, Brett Mitchell, Kevin Mitchell and Vanessa Thornton.

text:
# Animal (Jebediah song)

"**Animal**" is a song by Australian alternative rock band Jebediah's, released on 9 August 1999 as the lead single from the band's second studio album. The song reached number 16 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and polled at number 19 on national radio station, Triple J's Hottest 100 for 1999. The track was co-written by all four band members: Chris Daymond, Brett Mitchell, Kevin Mitchell and Vanessa Thornton.

## Background

"Animal" was recorded during the sessions for *Of Someday Shambles*, from April to June 1999, by Jebediah with American producer, Mark Trombino (Knapsack, Jimmy Eat World, Blink 182). The group's line-up was Chris Daymond on guitar, Kevin Mitchell on lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Vanessa Thornton on bass guitar and Kevin's older brother, Brett Mitchell, on drums. All four members co-wrote the track. Brett Mitchell explained that "Animal" is "a flat out pop-song with all the associated cool energy. What's unusual for us is that it doesn't have a breakdown section, the rhythm is constant from the word go to the end. One of the simplest songs we've ever done as far as arrangements go. It sounds like nasty Ratcat or something."

The 7" vinyl record version has "Simple" as the B-side. The CD single version includes two previously unreleased tracks, "Supposed to Say" and "The Less Trusted Pain Remover". "Supposed to Say" features Lisa Jayne on guest vocals (aka LJ), a singer-songwriter with Melbourne dance-pop outfit, Jubestar.

"Animal" and "The Less Trusted Pain Remover" were both included on the split EP, *Jimmy Eat World/Jebediah*, with United States band, Jimmy Eat World. That EP contained three tracks by each artist and was released in August 2000 on Redline Records (an independent label co-founded by Jebediah with its management company) in Australia and Big Wheel Recreation in the US. "Simple" was also included on the 2001 re-issue of the *Jimmy Eat World/Jebediah* split EP instead of "Animal".

## Music video

The music video for "Animal" featured a "behind-the-scenes of a music video" narrative and depicted the band members in various production roles.

## Soundtrack appearances

"Animal" was used on the soundtrack for season one, episode 11, of the Australian TV drama series, *McLeod's Daughters* (2001–2002). It was used again in season three, episode 21 (2002–2003), and in season four, episode 6 (2003–2004). The B-side, "Simple", had been used for the feature film, *Occasional Coarse Language* (1998).

## Reception

"Animal" was released as a single on 9 August 1999 which reached number 16 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and polled at number 19 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 1999.

AllMusic's Melissa Giannini described "Animal" in her review of the split EP with Jimmy Eat World. She compared "Animal" with Jimmy Eat World's "Cautioners", "'\[Animal'\] suffers from Kevin Mitchell's too-prominent nasal vocals, which might have been less apparent had the song not held its position immediately after the remarkably pleasant 'Cautioners'." Greg Lawrence at WHAMMO.com.au reviewed *Of Someday Shambles* and felt that "Animal" "sets the tone of an album that’s strong but still fun – a real indication of a band honing its craft, growing up in public in the most enviable of ways."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Chris Daymond, Brett Mitchell, Kevin Mitchell and Vanessa Thornton

7" vinyl version
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Animal" (single version) | 4:29 |
| 2. | "Simple" | 3:45 |

All tracks are written by Chris Daymond, Brett Mitchell, Kevin Mitchell and Vanessa Thornton

CD single version
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Animal" (single version) | 4:29 |
| 2. | "Supposed to Say" | 1:55 |
| 3. | "The Less Trusted Pain Remover" | 6:27 |
| 4. | "Animal" (live video) |  |

## Credits

Jebediah members * Chris Daymond – guitar
* Brett Mitchell – drums
* Kevin Mitchell – vocals
* Vanessa Thornton – bass guitar

Additional musicians * Lisa Jayne (aka LJ) – vocals ("Supposed to Say")

Recording details * Andrew Christie – artwork layout, design
* Dave Davis – assistant producer, assistant recorder, assistant mixing
* Matt Duffy – assistant producer, assistant recorder, assistant mixing
* Brian Gardner – mastering
* Ben Steele – artwork layout, design
* Christie Steele – photography
* Mark Trombino – producer, recorder, mixing

## Charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 16 |

## InfoBox

| "Animal" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Jebediah | |
| from the album  *Of Someday Shambles* | |
| A-side | "Animal" |
| B-side | "Simple" |
| Released | 9 August 1999 (1999-08-09) |
| Recorded | April–June 1999 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 4:29 |
| Label | Murmur |
| Songwriter(s) | Chris Daymond, Brett Mitchell, Kevin Mitchell, Vanessa Thornton |
| Producer(s) | Mark Trombino |
| Jebediah singles chronology | |
| "Harpoon"
(1998) "**Animal**"
(1999) "Feet Touch the Ground"
(1999) | |


title: Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service

abstract: The Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service (RMAS) was a British Government agency which ran a variety of auxiliary vessels for His Majesty's Naval Service. The service from 2009 has been run by Serco and is known as Serco Marine Services.

text:
# Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service

The **Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service** **(RMAS)** was a British Government agency which ran a variety of auxiliary vessels for His Majesty's Naval Service (incl. Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Fleet Auxiliary). The service from 2009 has been run by Serco and is known as Serco Marine Services.

## Background

The Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service merged with the former Port Auxiliary Service in 1976 to form a component of His Majesty's Naval Service that was known as marine services. Marine services existed to support the operations of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Fleet Auxiliary.

In the 1990s, marine services were put out to commercial tender by the Ministry of Defence Warship Support Agency (now absorbed into the Defence Equipment and Support organisation) and by 1996, all tugs, lifting craft, various tenders and management of HMNB Devonport, Portsmouth and Clyde were operated by Serco Denholm.

By the mid 2000s, it was decided that the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service would no longer provide marine services to HM Naval Service, and it would instead be delivered under a Private Finance Initiative instead. Serco were quickly declared preferred bidders and the RMAS was disbanded on 31 March 2008.

## Vessels

RMAS vessels carried the ship prefix "RMAS" and auxiliary (A) or yard (Y) pennant numbers. They also had a distinctive livery or colour-scheme, namely: black hulls with white beading and buff-coloured upperworks. Below is a list of vessels previously operated by the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service. A number of the vessels listed below were later transferred over to Serco Marine Services who continue to provide marine services in support of the Royal Navy.

Research vessels Ammunition transport Sal-class salvage vessels Moor-class salvage vessels Tornado-class torpedo retrievers Torrent-class torpedo retrievers Impulse-class submarine berthing tugs Adept-class tractor tugs Moorings/Range tender Fast fleet tender/VIP carrier Aberdovey-class fleet tenders Clovelly-class fleet tenders Ilchester-class dive tenders Manly-class fleet tenders Magnet class degaussing vessels

## Notes and references

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service | |
| --- | --- |
| RMAS Naval Ensign | |
| Active | 1976—2008 |
| Disbanded | 31 March 2008 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Type | Marine Services |
| Size | Over 200 ships in 1985 |
| Part of | His Majesty's Naval Service, MoD |


title: United Airlines Flight 2885

abstract: United Airlines Flight 2885 was a scheduled cargo flight from Cleveland to Los Angeles, with stopover in Detroit. On January 11, 1983, a DC-8 operating as Flight 2885 crashed after take-off from Detroit, killing all three crew members. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation determined that the cause for the crash was pilot error. A radioactive package was found on board, but no radioactive material was spilled.

text:
# United Airlines Flight 2885

**United Airlines Flight 2885** was a scheduled cargo flight from Cleveland to Los Angeles, with stopover in Detroit. On January 11, 1983, a DC-8 operating as Flight 2885 crashed after take-off from Detroit, killing all three crew members. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation determined that the cause for the crash was pilot error. A radioactive package was found on board, but no radioactive material was spilled.

## Chronology

The aircraft involved in the accident, a 14-year-old McDonnell Douglas DC-8F-54, registration N8053U, departed Detroit Metropolitan Airport at 22:15 CST on January 10, 1983, operating United Airlines Flight 2894 bound for Cleveland, Ohio. The three crew members were Captain William S. Todd (55); First Officer James G. Day (51); and Flight Engineer Robert E. Lee (50). At Cleveland, the flight became United 2885; the DC-8 departed Cleveland at 01:15 on January 11. It arrived at Detroit airport at 01:52; after a cargo turnaround and refueling, the aircraft began its takeoff roll at 02:51. After taking off, the witnesses described that the nose of the aircraft pitched up to an unusually high position, causing temporary engine surges (witnesses on the ground reported occasional fire eruptions from the engines); soon after, the DC-8 began a gradual right roll, eventually entering an upset condition. As the wings reached an almost 90-degree bank, and at an altitude of approximately 1,000 feet (300 m), the aircraft stalled and fell to the ground, exploding on impact. All three crew members were killed.

## Causes

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation revealed that, during the cargo turnaround at Detroit, the pilots had a conversation in the cockpit; at one point, the captain asked the first officer if he was trading seats with the flight engineer, to which the flight engineer said "Oh, we're switching now." The captain did not object and allowed him to perform the takeoff, contrary to both United Airlines and Federal Aviation Administration rules.

As the investigators found, the flight engineer had entered a DC-8 first officer upgrade training in June 1979; however, the instructors found his abilities less than adequate and the training was terminated two months later. The flight engineer resumed his first officer training in February 1980, this time for the Boeing 737; while improving, his abilities were still inadequate—as his instructor stated, "his attitude could not be better and he is a very hard worker, however, he has not made normal progress in his first full year as a first officer." After several failed en-route and proficiency checks, the flight engineer made an agreement not to bid anymore for pilot vacancies and remain a flight engineer for the balance of his career.

The direct reason for an abnormally nose-up position was found to be an excessively high stabilizer trim setting (7.5 units airplane nose-up); likely, in the confusion due to switching seats, the pilots failed to reset the trim setting while performing takeoff checklists. (It was reported the first officer made this mistake occasionally.) Taking off at night, with no visual references, the inexperienced flight engineer did not manage to correct the attitude in time, leading to engine surges, aircraft banking and eventually an upset and an unrecoverable stall. It is not known why the captain did not manage to correct the situation. The captain's decision to allow the flight engineer to perform the takeoff was considered a contributing factor in the accident.

During an investigation, other United pilots anonymously admitted that swapping seats and flight engineers performing takeoffs and/or landings, while a rare occurrence, were not unheard of on ferry or cargo flights.

## InfoBox

United Airlines Flight 2885
| N8053U, the aircraft involved in the accident, when still wearing previous livery | |
| --- | --- |
| Accident | |
| Date | January 11, 1983 (1983-01-11) |
| Summary | Crashed after takeoff due to pilot error |
| Site | Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Romulus, Michigan, United States
42°12′42.08″N 83°22′12.11″W / 42.2116889°N 83.3700306°W / 42.2116889; -83.3700306 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | McDonnell Douglas DC-8F-54 |
| Operator | United Airlines |
| IATA flight No. | UA2885 |
| ICAO flight No. | UAL2885 |
| Call sign | UNITED 2885 |
| Registration | N8053U |
| Flight origin | Cleveland Hopkins International Airport |
| Stopover | Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport |
| Destination | Los Angeles International Airport |
| Occupants | 3 |
| Crew | 3 |
| Fatalities | 3 |
| Survivors | 0 |


title: WRPR

abstract: WRPR is a freeform campus radio station licensed to Mahwah, New Jersey and owned by Ramapo College. Its call letters were assigned on October 9, 1979, and it began broadcasting on July 7, 1980. WRPR today can be heard on 90.3 FM in the Mahwah area, as well as on Ramapo College's closed-circuit-television system on channel 3 and channel 10. To contact the station or chat with DJs, students and off-campus listeners send instant messages to the station via social media or call in.

text:
# WRPR

**WRPR** (90.3 FM) is a freeform campus radio station licensed to Mahwah, New Jersey and owned by Ramapo College. Its call letters were assigned on October 9, 1979, and it began broadcasting on July 7, 1980.

WRPR today can be heard on 90.3 FM in the Mahwah area, as well as on Ramapo College's closed-circuit-television system on channel 3 (campus events channel) and channel 10 (live video feed from the studio). To contact the station or chat with DJs, students and off-campus listeners send instant messages to the station via social media or call in.

## InfoBox

WRPR
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 90.3 MHz |
| Branding | 90.3 FM Ramapo Radio |
| Programming | |
| Format | Freeform campus radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Ramapo College of New Jersey |
| History | |
| First air date | July 7, 1980 (1980-07-07) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 55029 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 100 watts |
| HAAT | -20.0 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°4′51.00″N 74°10′34.00″W / 41.0808333°N 74.1761111°W / 41.0808333; -74.1761111 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | WRPR website |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lonoke County, Arkansas. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 35 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Lonoke County, Arkansas

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Lonoke County, Arkansas**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 35 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.

**Contents: Counties in Arkansas**
|  |
| --- |

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ashley-Alexander House |  | June 18, 1976
(#76000431) | North of Scott
34°42′21″N 92°05′33″W / 34.705833°N 92.0925°W / 34.705833; -92.0925 (Ashley-Alexander House) | Scott |  |
| 2 | Bank of Carlisle |  | January 4, 2022
(#100007317) | 113 North Court St.
34°47′00″N 91°44′48″W / 34.7832°N 91.7467°W / 34.7832; -91.7467 (Bank of Carlisle) | Carlisle |  |
| 3 | Thomas Sloan Boyd House |  | January 1, 1976
(#76000430) | 220 Park Ave.
34°46′55″N 91°54′07″W / 34.781944°N 91.901944°W / 34.781944; -91.901944 (Thomas Sloan Boyd House) | Lonoke |  |
| 4 | J. M. Bransford House |  | September 27, 2019
(#100004440) | 506 S. Center St.
34°46′47″N 91°54′01″W / 34.7796°N 91.9002°W / 34.7796; -91.9002 (J. M. Bransford House) | Lonoke |  |
| 5 | Camp Nelson Confederate Cemetery |  | May 3, 1996
(#96000503) | Rye St., approximately 1 mile northwest of the junction of Highways 319 and 321
34°56′46″N 91°58′49″W / 34.946111°N 91.980278°W / 34.946111; -91.980278 (Camp Nelson Confederate Cemetery) | Cabot |  |
| 6 | Carlisle Rock Island Depot |  | June 14, 1990
(#90000905) | Junction of Main St. and Court Ave.
34°46′58″N 91°44′46″W / 34.782778°N 91.746111°W / 34.782778; -91.746111 (Carlisle Rock Island Depot) | Carlisle |  |
| 7 | Carver Gymnasium |  | September 23, 2009
(#09000741) | 400 Ferguson St.
34°46′51″N 91°53′47″W / 34.780875°N 91.896497°W / 34.780875; -91.896497 (Carver Gymnasium) | Lonoke | Building demolished, foundation remains as of 2022 |
| 8 | Coy Mound Site |  | September 22, 1995
(#95001120) | Next to Indian-Bakers Bayou
34°32′56″N 91°53′24″W / 34.54895°N 91.8899°W / 34.54895; -91.8899 (Coy Mound Site) | Coy |  |
| 9 | Dairyman's Bank Building |  | October 29, 2019
(#100004439) | 124 W. Main St.
34°46′58″N 91°44′52″W / 34.7829°N 91.7477°W / 34.7829; -91.7477 (Dairyman's Bank Building) | Carlisle |  |
| 10 | Dortch Plantation |  | December 6, 1975
(#75000397) | Northeast of Scott off Highway 130 at Bearskin Lake
34°42′55″N 92°03′13″W / 34.715278°N 92.053611°W / 34.715278; -92.053611 (Dortch Plantation) | Scott |  |
| 11 | Eagle House |  | December 22, 1982
(#82000858) | 217 Ash St.
34°46′57″N 91°54′06″W / 34.7825°N 91.901667°W / 34.7825; -91.901667 (Eagle House) | Lonoke |  |
| 12 | Joe P. Eagle and D. R. Boone Building |  | December 9, 1994
(#94001462) | 105-107 W. Front St.
34°47′01″N 91°54′01″W / 34.783611°N 91.900278°W / 34.783611; -91.900278 (Joe P. Eagle and D. R. Boone Building) | Lonoke |  |
| 13 | First Christian Church |  | July 9, 1997
(#97000748) | Junction of 2nd and Depot Sts.
34°47′07″N 91°54′04″W / 34.785278°N 91.901111°W / 34.785278; -91.901111 (First Christian Church) | Lonoke |  |
| 14 | First Presbyterian Church |  | September 23, 2004
(#04001037) | 304 S. Center St.
34°46′53″N 91°54′01″W / 34.781389°N 91.900278°W / 34.781389; -91.900278 (First Presbyterian Church) | Lonoke |  |
| 15 | W.P. Fletcher House |  | September 5, 1990
(#90001373) | 604 W. 4th St.
34°47′14″N 91°54′19″W / 34.787222°N 91.905278°W / 34.787222; -91.905278 (W.P. Fletcher House) | Lonoke |  |
| 16 | Keo Commercial Historic District |  | June 15, 2011
(#11000355) | Main & Fleming Sts., Arkansas Highway 232
34°36′02″N 92°00′33″W / 34.600556°N 92.009167°W / 34.600556; -92.009167 (Keo Commercial Historic District) | Keo | Cotton and Rice Farm History and Architecture in the Arkansas Delta MPS |
| 17 | Lonoke Confederate Monument |  | May 3, 1996
(#96000508) | On the courthouse lawn, near the junction of 3rd and Center Sts.
34°47′09″N 91°53′58″W / 34.785833°N 91.899444°W / 34.785833; -91.899444 (Lonoke Confederate Monument) | Lonoke |  |
| 18 | Lonoke County Courthouse |  | June 8, 1982
(#82002121) | N. Center St.
34°47′09″N 91°53′57″W / 34.785833°N 91.899167°W / 34.785833; -91.899167 (Lonoke County Courthouse) | Lonoke |  |
| 19 | Lonoke Downtown Historic District |  | May 10, 1996
(#96000528) | Junction of Front and Center Sts.
34°47′05″N 91°53′58″W / 34.784722°N 91.899444°W / 34.784722; -91.899444 (Lonoke Downtown Historic District) | Lonoke |  |
| 20 | Memphis to Little Rock Road-Bayou Two Prairie Segment |  | September 20, 2006
(#06000836) | Address Restricted
 | Brownsville | A segment of the Trail of Tears |
| 21 | Memphis to Little Rock Road-Brownsville Segment |  | September 27, 2003
(#03000954) | Address Restricted
 | Brownsville | A segment of the Trail of Tears |
| 22 | Morris House |  | May 30, 2019
(#100004000) | 16284 AR 89
34°48′24″N 91°56′42″W / 34.8067°N 91.9451°W / 34.8067; -91.9451 (Morris House) | Lonoke |  |
| 23 | Rock Island Depot |  | October 4, 1984
(#84000006) | U.S. Route 70 and Center St.
34°47′02″N 91°54′02″W / 34.783889°N 91.900556°W / 34.783889; -91.900556 (Rock Island Depot) | Lonoke |  |
| 24 | Sears House |  | August 5, 1992
(#92000952) | Southeast of the junction of Highways 38 and 319
34°59′05″N 91°57′43″W / 34.984722°N 91.961944°W / 34.984722; -91.961944 (Sears House) | Austin |  |
| 25 | Shull House |  | December 22, 1982
(#82000859) | 418 Park
34°46′48″N 91°54′05″W / 34.78°N 91.901389°W / 34.78; -91.901389 (Shull House) | Lonoke |  |
| 26 | Standard Oil Company of Louisiana Oil Depot |  | January 24, 2023
(#100008563) | Northwest corner of AR 9 and Mill St.
34°47′10″N 91°54′35″W / 34.7862°N 91.9097°W / 34.7862; -91.9097 (Standard Oil Company of Louisiana Oil Depot) | Lonoke |  |
| 27 | Toltec Mounds |  | January 12, 1973
(#73000382) | Off United States Route 165
34°38′49″N 92°03′55″W / 34.646944°N 92.065278°W / 34.646944; -92.065278 (Toltec Mounds) | Scott | State park |
| 28 | Trimble House |  | December 22, 1982
(#82000860) | 518 Center St.
34°46′46″N 91°53′59″W / 34.779444°N 91.899722°W / 34.779444; -91.899722 (Trimble House) | Lonoke |  |
| 29 | Trimble-McCrary House |  | September 24, 2004
(#04001038) | 516 Jefferson
34°46′45″N 91°54′10″W / 34.779167°N 91.902778°W / 34.779167; -91.902778 (Trimble-McCrary House) | Lonoke |  |
| 30 | US 70, Union Valley Segment |  | September 23, 2004
(#04001040) | North and south of U.S. Route 70 from the S28/S29 boundary line R9W west to the S26/S27 boundary line R10W
34°45′56″N 92°01′25″W / 34.765556°N 92.023611°W / 34.765556; -92.023611 (US 70, Union Valley Segment) | Union Valley |  |
| 31 | Dr. E.F. Utley House |  | June 3, 1998
(#98000623) | 401 W. Pine St.
35°00′43″N 92°01′04″W / 35.011944°N 92.017778°W / 35.011944; -92.017778 (Dr. E.F. Utley House) | Cabot |  |
| 32 | Walls Farm Barn and Corn Crib |  | November 29, 1995
(#95001379) | Highway 31 north of Tomberlin
34°31′26″N 91°52′26″W / 34.523889°N 91.873889°W / 34.523889; -91.873889 (Walls Farm Barn and Corn Crib) | Tomberlin | Destroyed |
| 33 | Walls House |  | December 22, 1982
(#82000861) | 406 Jefferson St.
34°46′49″N 91°54′12″W / 34.780278°N 91.903333°W / 34.780278; -91.903333 (Walls House) | Lonoke |  |
| 34 | Wheat House |  | December 22, 1982
(#82000862) | 600 Center St.
34°46′43″N 91°53′59″W / 34.778611°N 91.899722°W / 34.778611; -91.899722 (Wheat House) | Lonoke |  |
| 35 | Woodlawn School Building |  | February 25, 1993
(#93000086) | Northwest of the junction of Highway 31 and Bizzell Rd.
34°55′22″N 91°52′30″W / 34.922778°N 91.875°W / 34.922778; -91.875 (Woodlawn School Building) | Woodlawn |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | St. Louis Southwest Railway (Cotton Belt Route) Depot |  | January 22, 2004
(#03001459) | January 23, 2008 | Main St. (Highway 31)
 | Coy |  |


title: Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less

abstract: Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less was Jeffrey Archer's first novel, first published in 1976. It was said to have been inspired by Archer's real-life experience of near-bankruptcy.

text:
# Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less

***Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less*** was Jeffrey Archer's first novel, first published in 1976. It was said to have been inspired by Archer's real-life experience of near-bankruptcy.

## Synopsis

Harvey Metcalfe, a Polish immigrant to the United States, rises from messenger boy to corporate magnate, combining business skills with little loyalty and much ruthlessness. Over 40 years, he has mastered the shady deal, and by the 1960s is a multi-millionaire.

Taking advantage of a British decision to allow companies to claim North Sea oil drilling rights with little money down, Metcalfe creates Prospecta Oil, a paper company designed to look good and bring in investors, to be left hanging out to dry when the bottom drops out. Metcalfe's agents hire David Kesler, a Harvard MBA who talks up the company to the four protagonists: Stephen Bradley, an American professor at the University of Oxford; Dr Robin Oakley, a Harley Street doctor; Jean-Pierre Lamanns, a French art dealer with a gallery in London; and James Brigsley, heir to an earldom.

They each buy Prospecta stock and Metcalfe (indirectly) sells out at the top of the market. The stock crashes, and the four are left with major losses. But Metcalfe has cheated the wrong men. Bradley learns of Metcalfe's responsibility; discovering that there is no legal recourse, he organizes the four to steal the money back, using Harvey's interests and weaknesses. All four are to come up with plans, and three quickly do. James, however, is unable to. He is more successful at courting Anne Summerton, an American model.

Jean-Pierre is successful at getting Harvey to buy a fake Van Gogh painting — he has always wanted one. When Harvey heads to Monte Carlo on vacation, a pill in his drink at the Casino causes severe abdominal pain which is made to look like a gallstone, and Robin operates, though barely breaking the skin, and collects a large bill. Stephen impersonates an Oxford official, as do the others, and gets Harvey to think he is getting an honorary degree in exchange for a contribution. James, though unable to come up with a plan of his own, has been crucial to the success of the others' plans — and when he meets Anne's father, he learns that he is none other than Harvey.

James instructs the others to execute a complex financial fraud, and flies them to Boston for the wedding as ushers, though not giving formal invitations. They learn who the bride's father is. The wedding cheque from Harvey, plus ransacking Harvey's greenhouses for wedding flowers, reduces the million dollar debt to $1.24, though Stephen sulks on the plane home about the missing money.

They land in London to learn that a new BP oil field has been discovered next to Prospecta Oil's tract, sending Prospecta shares to record highs. They now have the stolen million back, and the shares are worth well over a million. Stephen proposes they figure out how to give the stolen million back.

## Adaptations

Don Sharp said he worked on a version of the book in the 1970s but at that stage there was confusion about who had the rights.

In 1990 the book was adapted as a four-hour, two-part mini-series, directed by Clive Donner with Ed Asner as Harvey Metcalfe, Ed Begley Jr. as Stephen Bradley, François-Éric Gendron as Jean-Pierre Lamanns, Brian Protheroe as James Brigsley and Nicholas Jones as Dr. Robin Oakley, and also starring Jenny Agutter and Maryam d'Abo.

A text adventure game adaption based on the book was developed and published by Domark, and released in 1987 for the Amstrad CPC, Atari XL, BBC Micro, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum computers.

The story and plot of *Ladies vs Ricky Bahl*, a 2011 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film, was inspired by this novel.

## InfoBox

Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less
| First edition (UK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jeffrey Archer |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Jonathan Cape (UK)<br>Doubleday (US) |
| Publication date | 1976 |
| Publication place | UK |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover & Paperback) |
| Pages | 310 |
| ISBN | 0-224-01309-2 |


title: Oktoberfest (1987 film)

abstract: Oktoberfest is a 1987 Yugoslav drama film directed by Dragan Kresoja. It was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival.

text:
# Oktoberfest (1987 film)

***Oktoberfest*** is a 1987 Yugoslav drama film directed by Dragan Kresoja. It was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Oktoberfest | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Dragan Kresoja |
| Written by | Branko Dimitrijevic<br>Dragan Kresoja |
| Produced by | Stevan Petrovic |
| Starring | Svetislav Goncić |
| Cinematography | Predrag Popovic |
| Release date | * July 1987 (1987-07) |
| Running time | 101 minutes |
| Country | Yugoslavia |
| Language | Serbo-Croatian |


title: Gifford Pinchot State Park

abstract: Gifford Pinchot State Park is a 2,338-acre (946 ha) Pennsylvania state park in northern York County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was named in honor of noted conservationist and former Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot. The fourth chief of the United States Division of Forestry, Pinchot was susbsequently appointed as the first head of the United States Forest Service. Ground was broken for the new park by Pennsylvania Governor George M. Leader in May 1958, and a preliminary dedication ceremony was held on grounds of the new park in October 1958, during which Leader was presented with a commemorative plaque in memory of Pinchot by the Pennsylvania Forestry Association. The park officially opened to the public on Friday, May 26, 1961.

text:
# Gifford Pinchot State Park

**Gifford Pinchot State Park** is a 2,338-acre (946 ha) Pennsylvania state park in northern York County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

It was named in honor of noted conservationist and former Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot. The fourth chief of the United States Division of Forestry, Pinchot was susbsequently appointed as the first head of the United States Forest Service.

Ground was broken for the new park by Pennsylvania Governor George M. Leader in May 1958, and a preliminary dedication ceremony was held on grounds of the new park in October 1958, during which Leader was presented with a commemorative plaque in memory of Pinchot by the Pennsylvania Forestry Association. The park officially opened to the public on Friday, May 26, 1961.

## History

Planned as a new state facility during the 1950s, ground was broken for the state park in mid-May 1958 by Pennsylvania Governor George M. Leader. At the time, Leader said of Pinchot:

> "As a Pennsylvanian, I am proud that we have named this Park the Gifford Pinchot State Park, as a tribute to one of Pennsylvania's greatest governors.
>
> Although Pinchot is frequently remembered in Pennsylvania as the man who promised 'to get the farmer out of the mud' and kept that promise, he is probably most famous for his work in conservation. Theodore Roosevelt once said 'Gifford Pinchot is the man to whom the nation owes most for what had been accomplished regards the preservation of the natural resources of our country.'
>
> As he served his nation, so he served his state."

Additional land for the park was then subsequently acquired during the summer of 1958. Leader then presided over a preliminary dedication of park grounds when he accepted a commemorative plaque, which paid tribute to Pinchot, from the Pennsylvania Forestry Association in mid-October of that same year.

The park officially opened to the public in York County on Friday, May 26, 1961. Visitors were initially able to eat and socialize in the 2,300-acre park's picnic areas, as well as boat and swim in the park's three-mile-long lake, but were not yet able to camp or fish because campground areas were still under construction and the lake had not yet been stocked with fish fry by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission.

A new toboggan slide was installed during the winter of 1963.

In 1968, three hundred and fifty new camping sites for tents and trailers were added at a cost of $626,591. An old stone farmhouse was razed, and a new registration structure, seven washhouses and a series of new roads were also built as part of the project, and new water and sewer lines were installed.

A new series of nature education programs for children and adults was launched in the spring of 1969.

In 1980, the National Handicapped Camp-O-Thon was held at Gifford Pinchot State Park from August 13 to 17. Hosted by the Bureau of State Parks and the Pennsylvania Recreation and Park Society, Inc., the event was supported by a grant from the Pennsylvania Developmental Disabilities Planning Council, which funded accessibility modifications to buildings and the provision of medical services and program supplies to enable children and adults with disabilities to participate more fully in using the park.

State park officials also added cross-country skiing as a winter amenity in 1980. Birdwatching had also become a popular pursuit at the park by this time.

## Amenities

The park is located on the site of farm fields and wooded hillsides. The central 340-acre (140 ha) Pinchot Lake is an important recreation site featuring a designated swim area on an artificial beach, boat launch with rentals and tours, and prime bass fishing. Surrounding the lake are campsites that accommodate tents and trailers, as well as yurts and cabins. Two 18-hole disc golf courses and volleyball courts are nearby the picnic areas for day use. There are several trails that pass through the park, including the Mason-Dixon Trail. Environmental education programs are provided at the park and a dedicated Environmental Learning Center is open on weekends in the summer for exhibit visitors. Additionally, an electric vehicle charging station has been installed for guests.

## InfoBox

| Gifford Pinchot State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category III (natural monument or feature) | |
| A trail in Gifford Pinchot State Park | |
| Location of Gifford Pinchot State Park in PennsylvaniaGifford Pinchot State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Warrington Township, Pennsylvania, York, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Coordinates | 40°04′18″N 76°53′16″W / 40.07167°N 76.88778°W / 40.07167; -76.88778 |
| Area | 2,338 acres (9.46 km2) |
| Elevation | 492 ft (150 m) |
| Established | 1961 |
| Named for | Gifford Pinchot |
| Governing body | Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
| Website | Gifford Pinchot State Park |


abstract: A piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (piezoMEMS) is a miniature or microscopic device that uses piezoelectricity to generate motion and carry out its tasks. It is a microelectromechanical system that takes advantage of an electrical potential that appears under mechanical stress. PiezoMEMS can be found in a variety of applications, such as switches, inkjet printer heads, sensors, micropumps, and energy harvesters.

text:
# Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems

A **piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (piezoMEMS)** is a miniature or microscopic device that uses piezoelectricity to generate motion and carry out its tasks. It is a microelectromechanical system that takes advantage of an electrical potential that appears under mechanical stress. PiezoMEMS can be found in a variety of applications, such as switches, inkjet printer heads, sensors, micropumps, and energy harvesters.

## Development

Interest in piezoMEMS technology began around the early 1990s as scientists explored alternatives to electrostatic actuation in radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). For RF MEMS, electrostatic actuation specialized high voltage charge pump circuits due to small electrode gap spacing and large driving voltages. In contrast, piezoelectric actuation allowed for high sensitivity as well as low voltage and power consumption as low as a few millivolts. It also had the ability to close large vertical gaps while still allowing for low microsecond operating speeds. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), in particular, offered the most promise as a piezoelectric material because of its high piezoelectric coefficient, tunable dielectric constant, and electromechanical coupling coefficient. PiezoMEMS have been applied to various different technologies from switches to sensors, and further research have led to the creation of piezoelectric thin films, which aided in the realization of highly integrated piezoMEMS devices.

The first reported piezoelectrically actuated RF MEMS switch was developed by scientists at the LG Electronics Institute of Technology in Seoul, South Korea in 2005. The researchers designed and actualized a RF MEMS switch with a piezoelectric cantilever actuator that had an operation voltage of 2.5 volts.

In 2017, researchers from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) evaluated the radiation effects in the piezoelectric response of PZT thin films for the first time. They determined that PZT exhibited a degree of radiation hardness that could be further extended by using conductive oxide electrodes instead of traditional platinum electrodes. Gamma radiation tests have also shown that actuated devices such as switches, resonators, and inertial devices could benefit from the radiation tolerance of PZT, suggesting the possibility that actuators and sensors can be integrated into platforms evaluating nuclear material and reduce human exposure to radiation.

This experiment was part of a decades-long research investment effort at ARL to improve the use of PZT thin film technology for piezoMEMS. Other piezoMEMS-related work included developing a piezoelectric microphone based on PZT thin films, creating new integrated surface micromachining processes for RF MEMS to incorporate thin film PZT actuators, providing the first experimental demonstration of monolithically integrated piezoMEMS RF switches with contour mode filters, and demonstrating the feasibility of vibrational energy harvesting using thin film PZT MEMS. In their work, researchers from ARL have also increased the overall electromechanical response of PZT thin films by 15-30% by incorporating iridium oxide electrode materials.

## Design

There exists three primary approaches to realizing PiezoMEMS devices:

1. **The additive approach:** The piezoelectric thin films are deposited on silicon substrates with layers of insulating and conducting material followed by surface or silicon bulk micromachining.
2. **The subtractive approach:** Single crystal or polycrystalline piezoelectrics and piezoceramics are subjected to direct bulk micromachining and then electrodes.
3. **The integrative approach:** Micromachined structures are integrated in silicon or piezoelectrics by using bonding techniques on bulk piezoelectric or silicon substrates.

PiezoMEMS use two principal crystal structures, the wurtzite and perovskite structures.

## Challenges

PiezoMEMS still face many difficulties that impede its ability to be successfully commercialized. For instance, the success of depositing uniform films of piezoelectrics still depend heavily on the use of appropriate layers of proper nucleation and film growth. As a result, extensive device-specific development efforts are needed to create a proper sensor structure. In addition, researchers continue to search for ways to reduce and control the material and sensor drift and aging characteristics of thin film piezoelectric materials. Deposition techniques to create thin films with properties approaching those of bulk materials remain in development and in need of improvement. Furthermore, the chemistry and etching characteristics of most piezoelectric materials remain very slow.


title: Anjum Rahman

abstract: Anjum Nausheen Rahman is a New Zealand Muslim community leader and human rights activist who advocates for the rights of Muslim women.

text:
# Anjum Rahman

**Anjum Nausheen Rahman** MNZM (born 16 July 1966) is a New Zealand Muslim community leader and human rights activist who advocates for the rights of Muslim women.

## Early life and family

Rahman was born on 16 July 1966 in the village of Mahuwara in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Her family moved to New Zealand from Canada in 1972 when she was five years old, after her father completed a PhD and was offered a post-doctoral position at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in Hamilton. She became a naturalised New Zealand citizen in 1976.

## Career

Rahman was a founding member of the New Zealand Islamic Women's Council when it was established in 1990 and served as its first secretary. She is also a founding member of the Hamilton Ethnic Women's Centre (known commonly as Shama) and has served as a trustee on its board since 2002.

Rahman was a spokesperson for the Muslim community following the Christchurch mosque shootings. In media interviews following the attack, she voiced frustration at the failure of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service to take concerns about violence towards the Muslim community, Islamophobia and the rise of the alt-right in New Zealand seriously.

In response to the attacks, Rahman established the Inclusive Aotearoa Collective to combat discrimination. She made submissions and presentations to a parliamentary select committee on behalf of the Islamic Women's Council in support of gun law changes, saying that the tightening of those laws would prevent violence towards vulnerable communities.

Since 2017 Rahman and the Inclusive Aotearoa Collective have advocated for a national strategy for inclusion and anti-discrimination.

### Politics

Rahman stood as a candidate for the Hamilton City Council in 2013, and as a list candidate for the New Zealand Labour Party at the 2005, 2008 and 2014 general elections.

## Honours and awards

In the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours, Rahman was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to ethnic communities and women.

In 2019, she was shortlisted for the New Zealander of the Year Award.

## InfoBox

| Anjum RahmanMNZM | |
| --- | --- |
| Rahman in 2019 | |
| Born | (1966-07-16) 16 July 1966<br>Mahuwara, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Nationality | New Zealander |


title: Lawrence Klemin

abstract: Lawrence R. Klemin is an American politician and lawyer in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 47th district. A Republican, he was first elected in 1998. Klemin attended the University of North Dakota where earned a Bachelor of Arts degree, and the University of North Dakota School of Law. Admitted to the bar in 1978, he later worked as an attorney in the practice Bucklin, Klemin and McBride. Klemin is also a veteran of the Vietnam War, serving in the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division.

text:
# Lawrence Klemin

**Lawrence R. Klemin** (born March 31, 1945) is an American politician and lawyer in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 47th district. A Republican, he was first elected in 1998. Klemin attended the University of North Dakota where earned a Bachelor of Arts degree, and the University of North Dakota School of Law. Admitted to the bar in 1978, he later worked as an attorney in the practice Bucklin, Klemin and McBride. Klemin is also a veteran of the Vietnam War, serving in the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division.

## InfoBox

| Lawrence Klemin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
December 3, 2018  December 14, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Larry Bellew |
| Succeeded by | Kim Koppelman |
| Member of the North Dakota House of Representatives
from the 47th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 1, 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Ralph Kilzer |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-03-31) March 31, 1945
New Rockford, North Dakota, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Rita |
| Education | University of North Dakota (BA, JD) |
|  | |


title: Ole Singstad

abstract: Ole Knutsen Singstad was a Norwegian-American civil engineer best known for his work on underwater vehicular tunnels in New York City. Singstad designed the ventilation system for the Holland Tunnel, which subsequently became commonly used in other automotive tunnels, and advanced the use of the immersed tube method of underwater vehicular tunnel building, a system of constructing the tunnels with prefabricated sections. He also designed the Lincoln Tunnel, Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, and Queens–Midtown Tunnel. By 1950, Singstad had designed and overseen the construction of more underwater tunnels than all other engineers combined. In 1946, the Triborough Bridge Authority under Robert Moses took over tunnel construction in New York, and Singstad was subsequently sidelined as Moses favored bridges over tunnels.

text:
# Ole Singstad

**Ole Knutsen Singstad** (June 29, 1882 – December 8, 1969) was a Norwegian-American civil engineer best known for his work on underwater vehicular tunnels in New York City. Singstad designed the ventilation system for the Holland Tunnel, which subsequently became commonly used in other automotive tunnels, and advanced the use of the immersed tube method of underwater vehicular tunnel building, a system of constructing the tunnels with prefabricated sections.

He also designed the Lincoln Tunnel, Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, and Queens–Midtown Tunnel. By 1950, Singstad had designed and overseen the construction of more underwater tunnels than all other engineers combined. In 1946, the Triborough Bridge Authority under Robert Moses took over tunnel construction in New York, and Singstad was subsequently sidelined as Moses favored bridges over tunnels.

## Early life

Ole Singstad was born at Singstad farm in Lensvik (now Orkland municipality) in Trøndelag county, Norway. He was the seventh of nine children born to Knut Jacobsen Singstad (17 May 1831 – 24 November 1906) and Anne Mikkelsdatter Auset Singstad (10 July 1843 – 30 April 1947).

In 1898, Singstad attended grammar school in Ålesund. Later, his sister Marie, a midwife, encouraged Singstad to further his education. He studied in Trondheim at the Trondheim Technical School from 1901 to 1905, where he was chairman of the student body.

In 1905, he emigrated to the United States. He became a U.S. citizen in 1911.

## Career

### Early work

Ole Singstad first worked for the Central Railroad of New Jersey. In 1907, he moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where he worked on railroads and bridges for the Virginian Railway. He returned to New York City and worked at the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, designing tunnels under the Hudson River in 1909–1910, and later spent seven years in charge of work on subways and rail tunnels in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and under the East River. During this time he worked with Clifford Holland for the New York Public Service Commission of the first district of New York.

In 1917–1918, Singstad worked at the Chile Exploration Company, and in 1918–1919, he worked with Barclay, Parsons, and Klapp (now WSP USA, formerly Parsons Brinckerhoff), where he was in charge of designing a rapid-transit system for Philadelphia, and made preliminary designs for a vehicular tunnel under the Delaware River.

### New York City tunnels

Singstad is widely known for work on the underwater road tunnels in New York City and for designing the ventilation system that made long underwater road tunnels possible, first used in the Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River. He began working under chief engineer Clifford Milburn Holland in 1915, and he finished directing construction of the Holland Tunnel after the death of Holland in the fall of 1924 and of Holland's successor Milton H. Freeman, who died in March 1925.

Singstad also designed the Lincoln Tunnel, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, and the Queens–Midtown Tunnel, the latter two as chief engineer of the New York City Tunnel Authority. In this capacity he clashed with Robert Moses, who not just preferred bridges but also sought to consolidate power and eliminate competition in civil engineering politics:

> Why did Moses try to wreck (the Tunnel Authority)? Because he couldn't take it over, that's why. He couldn't take it over so he wanted to wreck the whole damned project.

In 1946, the Tunnel Authority was taken over by the Triborough Bridge Authority, forming the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, whereupon Singstad was fired, and the incomplete Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel was finished to specifications by TBTA chief engineer Ralph Smillie, which were mostly based on Singstad's original designs. This new design leaked, and the TBTA reverted to Singstad's original design. Singstad later claimed that Smillie had caused "excessive" leakage by not using Singstad's experimental caulking design to prevent leaks. Smillie denied that the leakage was excessive and that Singstad's caulking method had been replaced because that method was actually the cause of the leak.

### Other work

Singstad was instrumental in numerous underwater vehicular tunnels worldwide.

From 1930 to 1933, he designed and led construction of the Waasland tunnel under the Schelde River in Antwerp. The retreating French set explosives in the tunnel when the war began in 1940; the damage was repaired in weeks under German occupation. Later, the Germans tried again to explode the tunnel when they withdrew in 1944, and this time the tunnel was more seriously damaged. The tunnel was inundated with river water, and repairs took several years.

* He consulted on the Posey Tube, the second tube in the world, which used the same ventilation system that he had designed for the Holland Tunnel.
* He consulted on the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel, the third one, designed by fellow Norwegian-American engineer Søren Anton Thoresen, and designed the ventilation system.
* With Thoresen, he designed the Waasland tunnel under the river Scheldt in Antwerp, Belgium. On this project, Singstad designed the lining, the tunnel shield, the ventilation, and the equipment.
* He established the company *Singstad and Kehart Consulting Engineers* in 1945, which with 50 to 60 staff engineers engineered the final design of The Big Walker Mountain Tunnel in Virginia.
* With his firm Singstad and Baillie in New York, he designed the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel, which opened in 1957.

Singstad also designed tunnels in Argentina, Canada, Cuba, and Venezuela.

## Pioneering techniques

### Ventilating the Holland Tunnel

Thomas Edison had contended it was impossible to ventilate a tunnel with the volume of traffic envisioned for the Holland Tunnel. At the time of its construction, underwater tunnels were a well-established part of civil engineering, but no long vehicular tunnels had been built, as all of the existing tunnels under New York City waterways carried only railroads and subways. These tubes did not have as much of a need for ventilation, since the trains that used the tubes were required to be electrically powered, and thus emitted very little pollution. On the other hand, the traffic in the Holland Tunnel consisted mostly of gasoline-driven vehicles, and ventilation was required to evacuate the carbon monoxide emissions, which would otherwise asphyxiate the drivers. There were very few tunnels at that time that were not used by rail traffic; the most notable of these non-rail tunnels, the Blackwall Tunnel and Rotherhithe Tunnel in London, did not need mechanical ventilation. However, a tunnel of the Hudson River Tunnel's length required an efficient method of ventilation, so Chief Engineer Singstad pioneered a system of ventilating the tunnel transversely (perpendicular to the tubes).

In October 1920, General George R. Dyer, the chairman of the New York Tunnel Commission, published a report in which he stated that Singstad had devised a feasible ventilation system for the Hudson River Tunnel. Working with Yale University, the University of Illinois, and the United States Bureau of Mines, Singstad built a test tunnel in the bureau's experimental mine at Bruceton, Pennsylvania, measuring over 400 feet (122 m) long, where cars were lined up with engines running. Volunteer students were supervised as they breathed the exhaust in order to confirm air flows and tolerable carbon monoxide levels by simulating different traffic conditions, including backups. The University of Illinois, which had hired the only professors of ventilation in the United States, built an experimental 300-foot-long (91 m) ventilation duct at its Urbana campus to test air flows. In October 1921, Singstad concluded that a conventional, longitudinal ventilation system would have to be pressurized to an air flow rate of 27 cubic meters per second (953 cu ft/s) along the tunnel. On the other hand, the tunnel could be adequately ventilated transversely if the compartment carrying the tube's roadway was placed in between two plenums. A lower plenum below the roadway floor could supply fresh air, and an upper plenum above the ceiling could exhaust fumes at regular intervals.

Two thousand tests were performed with the ventilation system prototype. The system was determined to be of sufficiently low cost, relative to the safety benefits, that it was ultimately integrated into the tunnel's design. By the time the tunnel was in service, the average carbon monoxide content in both tunnels was 0.69 parts per 10,000 parts of air. The highest recorded carbon monoxide level in the Holland Tunnel was 1.60 parts per 10,000, well below the permissible maximum of 4 parts per 10,000. The public and the press proclaimed air conditions were better in the tubes than in some streets of New York City; after the tunnel opened, Singstad stated that the carbon monoxide content in the tubes were half of those recorded on the streets.

### Prefabricated tunnel sections

During construction of Baltimore Harbor Tunnel from 1955 to 1957, Singstad adopted a cost-saving method for the construction of the tunnel in the river mud. Previously, hydraulic shields or pressurized caissons had been used  with the constant danger of divers suffering the bends, and the necessity for constant diligence. A sunk-tube method had been earlier proposed and used by Olaf Hoff on the Detroit River tunnel and Harlem River Tunnel.

Singstad advanced Hoff's ideas and proposed first digging a large ditch in the river bottom and lowering cable-suspended pre-fabricated tunnel sections 90 metres (300 ft) in length (weighing 23,000 tons each) into the ditch from overhead barges. Interior chambers were filled with water to lower the sections, the sections then aligned, bolted together by divers, the water pumped out, and the tunnels finally covered with earth. This technique was followed in numerous later tunnel projects by other engineers, on the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, for example.

## Personal life

Ole Singstad married Else Johansen (June 28, 1890 – July 8, 1964). Together they had two children, Rita (May 2, 1918 – May 3, 1975) and Paul (April 25, 1925 – March 27, 1976).

Singstad returned to Norway five times in his life: first for his mother's 80th birthday in 1923, to Lensvik in 1930 and again in 1933 while working on the tunnel at the river Schelde. He missed his mother's 100th birthday in 1943 because of World War II, but he returned in 1953 and again a final time in 1967 at age 85, while he was still active in his consulting firm.

He was an avid fisherman.

Singstad died on December 8, 1969. At the time of his death, he lived on Fifth Avenue in New York City. He is buried at the Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York.

## Honors and awards

Singstad received honorary doctorates from the Stevens Institute of Technology of Hoboken, New Jersey; the New York Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn; St. Olaf College of Northfield, Minnesota; and the College of Engineering Newark, New Jersey.

Singstad was elected president of the American Council of Engineering Companies during 1941; he and Søren Anton Thoresen received gold medals and were decorated by King Albert I of Belgium for their work on the Waasland tunnel; a wooden statue has been erected in his honor at Lensvik Samfunnshus; and in 2008, a lecture in his honor was held at the Museum of Modern Art.

Singstad was named 1933 Officer of the Order of the Crown of Belgium, received the 1939 Ridder order of First Class, the 1956 Medal of Honor from the American Society of Engineers and the 1960 Commander of the Order of Merit (Chile).

At age 48, Singstad received the Royal Norwegian Academy of Science Society, an award normally reserved for much older people.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Ole Singstad | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ole Knutsen Singstad
(1882-06-29)June 29, 1882
Lensvik, Søndre Trondhjem, Norway |
| Died | December 8, 1969(1969-12-08) (aged 87)
New York City, New York, US |
| Resting place | Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York, US |
| Occupation | Civil engineer |
| Known for | Tunnel designing |
| Spouse | Else Johansen Singstad (1890–1964) |


title: Hurricane Hill

abstract: Hurricane Hill is a 5,757-foot (1,755 m) mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. It is part of the Olympic Mountains and is situated at the western end of Hurricane Ridge within the Daniel J. Evans Wilderness. Hurricane Hill is nine miles south-southwest of Port Angeles and two miles northwest of the park's Hurricane Ridge Visitor Center. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the Elwha River via various tributaries. Topographic relief is significant as the southwest aspect rises 5,100 feet (1,600 m) above the Elwha Valley in three miles.

text:
# Hurricane Hill

**Hurricane Hill** is a 5,757-foot (1,755 m) mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. It is part of the Olympic Mountains and is situated at the western end of Hurricane Ridge within the Daniel J. Evans Wilderness. Hurricane Hill is nine miles south-southwest of Port Angeles and two miles northwest of the park's Hurricane Ridge Visitor Center. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the Elwha River via various tributaries. Topographic relief is significant as the southwest aspect rises 5,100 feet (1,600 m) above the Elwha Valley in three miles.

## History

This landform was originally christened "Mt. Eldridge" by the 1889-90 Seattle Press Expedition, for William C. Eldridge, a journalist from Washington D.C. Early pioneers of the area referred to the mountain as "Old Hurricane" because of hurricane-force winds in winter, and in 1897 it was named Hurricane Hill by prospector W. A. Hall who climbed it from the Elwha Valley on a particularly windy day. During World War II, a 13' by 13' observation cabin was constructed at the top for the Aircraft Warning Service and was manned by wildlife cinematographer Herb Crisler and his wife in 1942–43. The lookout has since been removed, while Dodger Point and Pyramid Peak Lookouts are the only stations remaining in Olympic National Park of the thirteen that were constructed.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Hurricane Hill is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Olympic Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow. As a result, the Olympics experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Recreation

From the end of the Hurricane Ridge Road, a 1.6-mile trail leads to the top of Hurricane Hill. This paved trail was originally a Forest Service road built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The relatively easy and popular hike gains approximately 750 feet of elevation and is snow-free from late June to October. The trail was refurbished in 2020. In winter, Hurricane Hill becomes a favorite destination with snowshoers. There is also a six-mile trail on the west side which climbs up from the Elwha Valley and gains 5,100 feet of elevation. From the north side, the Little River Trail climbs 4,700 feet over seven miles before intersecting with the paved Hurricane Hill trail. The summit offers views of the Bailey Range, Mount Olympus, Victoria on Vancouver Island across the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and on clear days one can see Mount Baker 95 miles distant. Hurricane Hill is considered one of the best wildflower hikes in Washington state with over 125 species of plants, with the peak time for wildflowers in July and August.

## Flora and fauna

Hurricane Hill hosts lupine, mountain pasqueflower, mountain dandelion, rosy pussytoes, nodding arnica, Olympic Mountain aster, western mugwort, common harebell, paintprush, mountain larkspur and rockslide larkspur. Old-growth forests of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar grow on the lower slopes surrounding the peak. Deer, grouse, chipmunks, and marmots may be encountered on the meadow slopes. Colonies of the Olympic marmot are found only in the Olympic Mountains and nowhere else in the world, but their population has declined due to non-native coyote predation. However, they continue to thrive on Hurricane Hill which makes it the best place to see and photograph them.

## InfoBox

| Hurricane Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| Southeast aspect in spring | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,757 ft (1,755 m) |
| Prominence | 707 ft (215 m) |
| Parent peak | Mount Angeles (6,454 ft) |
| Isolation | 2.89 mi (4.65 km) |
| Coordinates | 47°59′24″N 123°31′45″W / 47.9900842°N 123.5290615°W / 47.9900842; -123.5290615 |
| Geography | |
| Hurricane HillLocation of Hurricane Hill in WashingtonHurricane HillHurricane Hill (the United States) | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Clallam |
| Protected area | Olympic National Park |
| Parent range | Olympic Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS *Hurricane Hill* |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Eocene |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | class 1 hiking on a paved trail |


title: Up Pops the Duke

abstract: Up Pops the Duke is a 1931 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by Fatty Arbuckle and starring George Chandler.

text:
# Up Pops the Duke

***Up Pops the Duke*** is a 1931 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by Fatty Arbuckle and starring George Chandler.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Up Pops the Duke | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Fatty Arbuckle
(as William Goodrich) |
| Written by | Ernest Pagano
Jack Townley |
| Produced by | Jack White |
| Starring | George Chandler |
| Release date | * September 20, 1931 (1931-09-20) |
| Running time | 20 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Minimal-access cranial suspension

abstract: Minimal-access cranial suspension is a form of facial surgery or rhytidectomy used to reduce wrinkles and lift sagging facial tissue and originally developed in Belgium. Facial tissues are accessed via an incision before the ear. Sutures are then used to lift the underlying tissue. These sutures are then anchored to the deep temporal fascia with purse-string sutures.

text:
# Minimal-access cranial suspension

**Minimal-access cranial suspension** is a form of facial surgery or rhytidectomy used to reduce wrinkles and lift sagging facial tissue and originally developed in Belgium. Facial tissues are accessed via an incision before the ear. Sutures are then used to lift the underlying tissue. These sutures are then anchored to the deep temporal fascia with purse-string sutures.

## Further reading

* Tonnard, Patrick; Verpaele, Alexis; Monstrey, Stan; Van Landuyt, Koen; Blondeel, Philippe; Hamdi, Moustapha; Matton, Guido (2002). "Minimal Access Cranial Suspension Lift: A Modified S-Lift". *Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery*. **109** (6): 2074–86. doi:10.1097/00006534-200205000-00046. PMID 11994618.

## InfoBox

| Minimal-access cranial suspension | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | plastic surgeon |


title: Oh Yong-ran

abstract: Oh Yong-Ran, also spelled as Oh Yeong-Ran, is a South Korean handball player who competed in the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics. In 1996, she was part of the South Korean national team, which won the silver medal. She played four matches, including the final, as goalkeeper. Four years later Oh was part of the South Korean team which finished fourth in the 2000 Olympic tournament. She played all seven matches as goalkeeper. In 2004, she won the silver medal with the South Korean team again. She played all seven matches as goalkeeper. She is married to handballer Kang Il-koo.

text:
# Oh Yong-ran

| **Korean name** | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 오영란 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *O Yeong-ran* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *O Yŏng-ran* |

**Oh Yong-Ran** (born 6 September 1972), also spelled as **Oh Yeong-Ran**, is a South Korean handball player who competed in the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics.

In 1996, she was part of the South Korean national team, which won the silver medal. She played four matches, including the final, as goalkeeper.

Four years later Oh was part of the South Korean team which finished fourth in the 2000 Olympic tournament. She played all seven matches as goalkeeper.

In 2004, she won the silver medal with the South Korean team again. She played all seven matches as goalkeeper.

She is married to handballer Kang Il-koo.

## InfoBox

| Oh Yong-Ran | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yong-Ran in 2016 | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1972-09-06) 6 September 1972<br>Osan, South Korea | | |
| Nationality | South Korean | | |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Playing position | Goalkeeper | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Incheon Sports Council | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | South Korea | 99 | (1) |
| Medal record      1996 Atlanta Team  2004 Athens Team  2008 Beijing Team | | | |