title: The Springfield Plan

abstract: The Springfield Plan was a widely publicized intergroup, or intercultural, education policy initiative of the 1940s which was implemented in the public school system of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Plan was the brainchild of Teachers College, Columbia University Associate Professor Clyde R. Miller and the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA). The initiative was the subject of several books, numerous scholarly articles in academic journals, and a Warner Bros. short film starring Andrea King. Following the publicity it received, the plan became the national model for citizenship and multicultural education during World War II, and school administrators throughout the U.S. traveled to Springfield to witness the plan in action. The widely stated purpose of the plan was to foster democracy and eliminate racism from schooling. It involved innovative advances in curriculum, including the use of cooperative learning and democratic living classroom activities. Students also participated in projects where they learned about the history and culture of other groups in their broader community. Beyond the school, the plan expanded education into local factories where adult workers were provided with citizenship classes. Lastly, it included new methods for teaching students how to recognize racist propaganda, while it was also innovative in producing positive propaganda, publicizing the advantages of intergroup education for the entire nation. In 1971 a doctoral student at Teachers College, Columbia University viewed The Springfield Plan in retrospect.

text:
# The Springfield Plan

**The Springfield Plan** was a widely publicized intergroup, or intercultural, education policy initiative of the 1940s which was implemented in the public school system of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Plan was the brainchild of Teachers College, Columbia University Associate Professor Clyde R. Miller and the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA). The initiative was the subject of several books, numerous scholarly articles in academic journals, and a Warner Bros. short film starring Andrea King.

Following the publicity it received, the plan became the national model for citizenship and multicultural education during World War II, and school administrators throughout the U.S. traveled to Springfield to witness the plan in action.

The widely stated purpose of the plan was to foster democracy and eliminate racism from schooling. It involved innovative advances in curriculum, including the use of cooperative learning and democratic living classroom activities. Students also participated in projects where they learned about the history and culture of other groups in their broader community. Beyond the school, the plan expanded education into local factories where adult workers were provided with citizenship classes. Lastly, it included new methods for teaching students how to recognize racist propaganda, while it was also innovative in producing positive propaganda, publicizing the advantages of intergroup education for the entire nation.

In 1971 a doctoral student at Teachers College, Columbia University viewed The Springfield Plan in retrospect.

* Chatto, C I., & Halligan, A. L. (1945). *The Story of the Springfield Plan*, Barnes & Noble.
* Johnson, L. (2006). "One community's total war against prejudice": The Springfield Plan revisited. *Theory and Research in Social Education*, 34(3), 301-323.
* Miller, C R. (1944). Science contributes: The Springfield Plan: Report of an experiment in education for citizenship. *Child Study*, 83, 90.
* Wise, J.W. (1945). *The Springfield Plan*. Viking Press.


title: Nikoletta Tsagari

abstract: Nikoleta Tsagari was a Greek group rhythmic gymnast. She represented her nation at international competitions. She participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She also competed at world championships, including at the 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

text:
# Nikoletta Tsagari

**Nikoleta Tsagari** (born 14 July 1990) was a Greek group rhythmic gymnast. She represented her nation at international competitions.

She participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She also competed at world championships, including at the 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

1. "2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships athletes - Nikoleta Tsagari". Longinestiming.com. Retrieved 27 January 2016.

## InfoBox

| Nikoleta Tsagari | |
| --- | --- |
| Country represented | Greece |
| Born | (1990-07-14) 14 July 1990 |
| Discipline | Rhythmic gymnastics |
| Level | Senior International Elite |
| Years on national team | 2007-2008 |


title: Huanggang East railway station

abstract: Huanggang East railway station is a railway station in Huangzhou District, Huanggang, Hubei, China. It was built as a terminus station at the eastern end of the Wuhan–Huanggang intercity railway. With the completion of the Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway, it became an intermediate stop on the railway between Wuhan and Huangmei. From 12 August 2022, a new service pattern was implemented that included regular services to Wuhan East railway station. The station has two island platforms and four platform faces.

text:
# Huanggang East railway station

**Huanggang East railway station** (Chinese: 黄冈东站) is a railway station in Huangzhou District, Huanggang, Hubei, China. It was built as a terminus station at the eastern end of the Wuhan–Huanggang intercity railway. With the completion of the Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway, it became an intermediate stop on the railway between Wuhan and Huangmei.

From 12 August 2022, a new service pattern was implemented that included regular services to Wuhan East railway station.

The station has two island platforms and four platform faces.

1. "武汉东站今日投运 每天开行33趟动车". *湖北日报网*. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
2. "42分钟！武汉东站→黄冈东站". *长江网*. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
3. "高大上！湖北一市2座高铁站设计图曝光！". *m.cnhubei.com*. 9 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2022.

## InfoBox

| Huanggang East
黄冈东 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Huangzhou District, Huanggang, Hubei
China |
| Coordinates | 30°30′31.64″N 114°58′52.95″E / 30.5087889°N 114.9813750°E / 30.5087889; 114.9813750 |
| Line(s) |  |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: No. 113 Squadron RCAF

abstract: No. 113 Squadron was a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron that was active during the Second World War. It was originally formed as an Army Co-operation squadron and then a fighter squadron before being disbanded in 1939 and then reformed in 1942. It was primarily used in an anti-submarine role and was based on the east coast of Canada and Newfoundland. The squadron flew the Lockheed Hudson and Lockheed Ventura before disbanding on 10 August 1944.

text:
# No. 113 Squadron RCAF

**No. 113 (Bomber Reconnaissance) Squadron** was a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron that was active during the Second World War. It was originally formed as an Army Co-operation squadron and then a fighter squadron before being disbanded in 1939 and then reformed in 1942. It was primarily used in an anti-submarine role and was based on the east coast of Canada and Newfoundland. The squadron flew the Lockheed Hudson and Lockheed Ventura before disbanding on 10 August 1944.

## Sinking of *U-754*

On 31 July 1942, Hudson 625 commanded by Squadron Leader N.E. Small was conducting a patrol in the vicinity of Sable Island when it sighted *U-754* on the surface. On the first pass, the aircraft dropped depth charges just as the submarine began to dive. A second pass found the boat just under the water, apparently damaged by the depth charges. On the third pass, the aircraft fired its front guns at the boat's conning tower. The plane then observed the damaged boat for 55 minutes before an explosion seemed to finally settle the matter. *U-754* was sunk with all hands lost. For this achievement, Small was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in January 1943.

## Actions in the St. Lawrence

In September 1942, Eastern Air Command stationed a detachment of 113 Squadron aircraft at RCAF Station Chatham as the "Special Submarine Hunting Detachment" in order to provide air cover for convoys in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. U-boats had begun to infiltrate the St. Lawrence that May, and had already scored some notable victories without a loss, however, the increased air cover allowed Canadian forces to mount a vigorous anti-submarine defense. The first attack by a 113 Squadron aircraft on a U-boat took place near Anticosti Island on 9 September, when Pilot Officer R.S. Keetley and his crew dove in on *U-165*, but did not cause any critical damage. On 16 September, Keetley launched an attack on *U-517*, but despite getting a depth charge lodged on its deck, the U-boat escaped unharmed. On 2425 September, 113 Squadron registered three attacks on seven sightings on *U-517*, plus a further attack on 29 September. Despite considerable damage from these attacks, both *U-517* and *U-165* departed the Gulf. Flying Officer M.J. Bélanger, who had conducted three of the last four attacks on *U-517* would later be awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

## InfoBox

| No. 113 Squadron RCAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 19371939, 19421944 |
| Disbanded | 10 August 1944 |
| Country | Canada |
| Allegiance | Canada |
| Branch | Royal Canadian Air Force |
| Role | Bomber Reconnaissance |
| Part of | RCAF Eastern Air Command |
| Garrison/HQ | RCAF Station Yarmouth, RCAF Station Chatham, RCAF Station Torbay |
| Engagements | **Second World War** |
| Battle honours | North-West Atlantic 19421944 |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Codes | **BT** (FebMay 1942), **LM** (JunOct 1942), Nil (Apr 1943  Aug 1944) |


title: Huanggang Normal University

abstract: Huanggang Normal University is a provincial public undergraduate college in Huanggang, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hubei and sponsored by the Hubei Provincial People's Government. Despite the English name, the college has not been granted university status by the Ministry of Education of China.

text:
# Huanggang Normal University

**Huanggang Normal University** (**HGNC**; 黄冈师范学院; 'Huanggang Teachers College') is a provincial public undergraduate college in Huanggang, Hubei, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hubei and sponsored by the Hubei Provincial People's Government. Despite the English name, the college has not been granted university status by the Ministry of Education of China.

1. "掌上高考—2024高考志愿填报服务平台". *www.gaokao.cn*. Retrieved 2024-01-10.

30°26′49″N 114°55′37″E / 30.447°N 114.927°E / 30.447; 114.927

## InfoBox

Huanggang Normal University
| 黄冈师范学院 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1905 |
| Location | Huanggang, Hubei, China |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | hgnc.net |


title: Nnofo royal lineage

abstract: The House of Nnofo is the ruling dynasty of the Nnewi Kingdom, a subnational monarchy that is part of the Nigerian chieftaincy system in Nigeria. The authority of the Nnofo dynasty is primarily in Otolo. In the other three quarters of Nnewi, the influence of the Nnofo monarch is felt but very slightly – a situation which has arisen from the fact that the chiefs in these quarters are virtually autonomous. Royal descent plays an important role in many Igbo societies; authority and property tend to be lineally derived. Among the tribes which recognize a single ruler, the hereditary bloodline of the rulers forms a dynasty.

text:
# Nnofo royal lineage

The **House of Nnofo** is the ruling dynasty of the Nnewi Kingdom, a subnational monarchy that is part of the Nigerian chieftaincy system in Nigeria. The authority of the Nnofo dynasty is primarily in Otolo. In the other three quarters of Nnewi, the influence of the Nnofo monarch is felt but very slightly – a situation which has arisen from the fact that the chiefs in these quarters are virtually autonomous. Royal descent plays an important role in many Igbo societies; authority and property tend to be lineally derived. Among the tribes which recognize a single ruler, the hereditary bloodline of the rulers (who early European travelers described as kings, queens, princes, etc., using the terminology of European monarchy) forms a dynasty.

## Line of succession to the Nnewi throne

The Nnofo royal lineage consists of the reigning monarch of the Nnewi Kingdom in Anambra State, Nigeria, Igwe Kenneth Orizu III, his consorts, legitimate descendants, near relatives and male-line descendants of his twelve great-grandfathers King Otolo who is a son of Digbo, one of the sons of Nnewi. Chief Otolo, the first son of Digbo, who became the sixth chief of Nnewi and naturally, the first chief of Otolo people, reigned from 1631–1639. Chief Otolo had many sons – Enem the first son followed by Nnofo, Eziogwugwu alias Eziegbelu, Diaba whose descendants are generally known Umuzu and Nnangana alias Nganaga. Upon the death of Otolo, the seventh chief of Nnewi was chief Enem. He had three sons – Ogbe, Dogonu and Dunu Sie. Chief Enem amicably handed over rule to Nnofo who thus became the eight chief of Nnewi.

Nnofo (and not Umu Enem who are the descendant of the first son of Otolo) then became the ruling family of Otolo. The position Nnofos, the owners of Ndi-Ichie akwa, occupy in Otolo is definitely not as of right but of accident, just as the engulfment of Uru, for example, with Umu Dim was a matter of chance. Nnofo was to have been succeeded on his death by Eze Nwana had the latter not been earlier expelled by the former, his father, as a result of a serious offence he committed. When Nnofo therefore died, Udude succeeded him as the ninth chief, and had many sons as follows: Eze Agha, Ukadibia, Dala who, like Nluonu, committed an ewe offence, Eze Nnebo, Eze Aghagwo, Eze kali, Eze Dunu. The descendants of these seven sons are known today as Udude Ama Nasaa.

When Udude died, his first son, Eze Agha, became the tenth chief. The eleventh chief after Eze Agha was his first son Eze Agha jnr who, like Okpala, was not an able ruler. He therefore gave up his rule and Eze Nnwa, his brother, became the twelfth chief of Nnewi. One of the wives of Eze Nnwa was uduji the mother of Eze Oguine. She was married from Ezi Abubo in Abubo. Eze Oguine took his father’s place when he died and became the thirteenth chief of Nnewi. He like his father married many wives. Eze Oguine’s sons were, first Eze Chukwu the son of a woman called Onyebuchi, Eze Enwe the son of a woman called Nwakannwa, Ukatu the son of Akuabunwa, Ilechukwu and many others.

After the death of the thirteenth ruler, Eze Chukwu took over as the fourteenth. Eze Chukwu’s sons were Eze Ukwu, Eze Onyiwalu and Eze Asunyuo, Upon Eze Chukwu’s death his son, Eze Ukwu, became the fifteenth chief. Besides Okafo, the first son of Eze ukwu, he had also the following sons – Eze Oruchalu and Unaegbu.

When Eze Ukwu died, Okafo, his eldest son, became the sixteenth chief. His issues, besides Eze Ifekaibeya, his first son, were Eze Ononenyi, udeaja, Atuegwu, and many others. When Okafo died, Eze Ifekaibeya took over as the seventeenth chief. The following were the wives of Eze Ifekaibeya — (i) Mgbafo Eze Kwenna (ii) Uduagu (iii) Nwakaku Onwusilikam (iv) Afiazu (v) Nonu (vi) Mmegha and (vii) Ukonnwa. Among his issues were Eze Ugbonyamba his first son, Eze Nnaweigbo the son of Mmegha, Eze Enefeanya alias Oji, and Ofodile who was of the same mother with Eze Ugbonyamba. Eze Ifekaibeya was succeeded by Eze Ugbonyamba alias Igwe Orizu I as the eighteenth chief of Nnewi. Eze Ugbonyamba married about an hundred wives among whom were (i)Uzoagbala the mother of Josiah Nnaji Orizu(ii)Ejeagwu (iii) Mgbugo noted for her dazzling beauty and command of respect (iv) Uzumma (v) Nwabudu (vi) Afuekwe (vii) Esomeju (viii) Amini (ix) Anyaku (x) Oyilidiya (ix) olieukwu (xii) Onyeanu (xiii) Odife (xiv) Oliemma (xv) Akuzulumba (xvi) Ogbeanu (xvii) Ojinukanu and (xviii) Alozo. Eze Ugbonyamba died in 1924 and was succeeded in the same year by his son – Josiah nnaji Orizu alias Igwe Orizu II as the nineteenth chief of Nnewi. Josiah was born in 1903. Josiah, upon his death, was succeeded by his son, Kenneth Onyeneke alias Igwe Orizu III as the twentieth chief of Nnewi though of seventeenth generation. It is sometimes not known from which stem Chief Kenneth Igwe Orizu III of Onyebuchi family and Chief Benedict Nwosu Nwakanwa family branched off. It is important to say it here.

Eze Oguine, the thirteenth chief of Nnewi, married Onyebuchi and Nwakanwa among other wives. The first son of Eze Oguine was the son of Onyebuchi. His name was Eze Chukwu the fourteenth chief of Nnewi. The son of Nwakanwa was Ekwegbalu alias Eze Enwe. Since the descendant of Eze Chukwu have been traced up to chief Kenneth Orizu the present and the twentieth chief of Nnewi, it is meet to trace here chief Eze Enwe’s line up to Chief Benedict Nwosu alias Dikeana-agbaluizu.

## Preservation of the royal lineage

As paramount chief within the Nnewi kingdom and pursuant to the preservation of Nnewi traditional leadership, the hereditary head of the Nnewi kingdom was challenged on December 24, 1904, when major Moorhouse finally arrived in Nnewi. Nwosu Mgboli a son of Eze Onyejemeni had taken a title and been known as Eze Odumegwu and was already at the peak of his power when the British arrived at Nnewi. He hired mercenary troops from Afikpo for the prosecution of the Ubaru war and the nagging war with Awka. He won them and took the enviable title of Onuo ora, the fifth and the last to assume this rank. It was said that the hired troops were struggling back homewards when there were rumors of the major’s encampment at Oba.

Nwosu Eze Odumegwu had sent emissaries several times to the major at Oba so that on that dreadful day of the 24th of December, 1904 that major reached Nnewi, the ground was already fertile for a friendly reception. Eze Odumegwu, supported by some of his people with courage, came forward to Nkwo Nnewi to welcome the new master, bringing presents of food and such other things as previously directed. His young cousin, Eze Ugbonyamba, as well as some other Obis, was not in attendance. The Major was very impressed with the reception and accorded therefore to Eze Odumegwu the headship of the entire Nnewi town. He declined to accept the offer, saying that there was a higher Obi than himself. He promised to come along at the next meeting with the young Obi to whom the honor belonged. This he later did. And the preservation of Nnewi traditional leadership, the hereditary head of the Nnewi kingdom hence continued.

## Incumbent and family

The present incumbent of Igwe Nnewi kingdom is Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III who succeeded his father as Igwe Orizu III in 1963 after the death of his father Igwe Josiah Orizu II. He was educated at Hope Waddell College, Calabar. Before his enthronement, Kenneth worked as a Representative of the then Eastern Nigerian Outlook Group of newspapers, in the defunct Eastern Region of Nigeria. He was also a very successful businessman in Kano. The next in line of succession will be his first son prince Crown Prince Obianefo Orizu

## Predecessors

1. Chief Mmaku
2. Chief Ikenga
3. Chief Nnewi
4. Chief Okpala
5. Chief Digbo
6. Chief Otolo
7. Chief Enem
8. Chief Nnofo
9. Chief Udude
10. Eze Agha (Onuo Ora)
11. Eze Agha Jnr
12. Eze Nnwa
13. Eze Oguine
14. Eze Chukwu
15. Eze Ukwu
16. Igwe Okafo
17. Eze ifekaibeya Igwe Iwuchukwu
18. Eze Ugbonyamba, Igwe Orizu I
19. Chief Josiah Nnaji, Igwe Orizu II
20. Chief Kenneth Onyeneke, Igwe Orizu III


title: The Summer Set

abstract: The Summer Set is an American pop rock band from Scottsdale, Arizona. The band consists of lead vocalist Brian Logan Dales, guitarist John Gomez, bass guitarist Stephen Gomez, and drummer Jess Bowen. The Summer Set was signed to The Militia Group in 2008, Razor & Tie from 2009 to 2011, and to Fearless Records from 2012 to 2017. The Summer Set released four full-length studio albums: Love Like This (2009), Everything's Fine (2011), Legendary (2013), and Stories for Monday (2016). The band toured with numerous musical acts, including the Cab, We Are the In Crowd, Mayday Parade, Sleeping with Sirens, All Time Low, the Downtown Fiction, and Action Item. The band was on hiatus from October 2017 to August 2021. The Summer Set's musical style has been regarded as pop rock, pop punk, alternative rock, emo pop, pop music, synth-pop heavy, and power pop.

text:
# The Summer Set

**The Summer Set** is an American pop rock band from Scottsdale, Arizona. The band consists of lead vocalist Brian Logan Dales, guitarist John Gomez, bass guitarist Stephen Gomez, and drummer Jess Bowen. The Summer Set was signed to The Militia Group in 2008, Razor & Tie from 2009 to 2011, and to Fearless Records from 2012 to 2017. The Summer Set released four full-length studio albums: *Love Like This* (2009), *Everything's Fine* (2011), *Legendary* (2013), and *Stories for Monday* (2016). The band toured with numerous musical acts, including the Cab, We Are the In Crowd, Mayday Parade, Sleeping with Sirens, All Time Low, the Downtown Fiction, and Action Item. The band was on hiatus from October 2017 to August 2021.

The Summer Set's musical style has been regarded as pop rock, pop punk, alternative rock, emo pop, pop music, synth-pop heavy, and power pop.

## History

### Early years

Prior to the formation of the Summer Set, Jess Bowen and brothers Stephen and John Gomez played in a band called Last Call for Camden, along with Kennedy Brock of The Maine and Weston Michl. Last Call for Camden released one album, *Keep Your Feet On the Ground*, before disbanding.

The Summer Set was formed in 2007, when John Gomez, Stephen Gomez, Jess Bowen, and Brian Logan Dales began writing and performing music. Josh Montgomery joined the band as a guitarist in 2008. The Summer Set self-released their first EP *Love the Love You Have* in November 2007. In April 2008, the band signed its first record deal with The Militia Group. The band recorded and released their EP *…In Color* on June 24, 2008. In November 2008, The Summer Set recorded a pop punk cover of Usher's hit song " Love in This Club".

In December 2008, the band released their third EP *Meet Me on the Left Coast*, which featured two new tracks and a cover of "Love in This Club" as an iTunes bonus track. The band also appeared on the *Punk Goes Classic Rock* album released on April 27, 2010, by Fearless Records, covering "I Wanna Rock and Roll All Nite" by Kiss.

On the April 5, 2011, episode of *Dancing with the Stars*, actress Chelsea Kane and partner Mark Ballas danced a Cha-Cha-Cha set to the Summer Set's "Chelsea". In a behind-the-scenes package shown prior to the dance, Kane revealed that the song was written for her by Brian Logan Dales, who she had been dating at that time.

### *Love Like This*

The Summer Set's debut full-length album *Love Like This* was released on October 13, 2009.

On July 6, 2010, the Summer Set released an expanded version of their debut album *Love Like This* titled *Love Like Swift*, which featured five live Taylor Swift cover songs (recorded at The Hoodwink at the 2010 Bamboozle Festival).

### *Everything's Fine*

*Everything's Fine* is the Summer Set's second full-length album, released on July 19, 2011, through Razor & Tie.

The group wrote with Paul Doucette of Matchbox 20 and Mike Daly of Whiskeytown in Nashville. They recorded the album with producer John Fields. "He pushed us hard and he brought so much out of us," said Brian Logan Dales. "We had some early demos that sounded like our last record, but when we were done, everything sounded so new and different."

*Everything’s Fine* presented a departure from the Summer Set’s previous sound, featuring slower tempos and solemn themes. "The title is a bit sarcastic," said Stephen Gomez of the record.

On May 6, 2011, the band launched a crowd-sourced lyric video for "Someone Like You." The video featured live recordings of the band taken by fans during the Dirty Work Tour with All Time Low.

### *Legendary*

Over the summer of 2012, members of the Summer Set rented a house together in Tempe, Arizona, where they wrote songs for their upcoming full-length album *Legendary*. The band stated that living communally that summer inspired the lyrical content of their third album, and sparked the fun-loving energy of the album cycle that ensued.

The Summer Set released *Legendary* on April 16, 2013, through Fearless Records. The lead single "Boomerang" was released in March of that year. The music video for the second single "Lightning in a Bottle" was released on April 8, 2014.

In late 2013, the Summer Set took part in the Macy’s iHeartRadio Rising Star competition. After the contest’s six million online votes were tallied, the Summer Set was announced 2013’s Rising Stars. As the winners, the band performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival, as well as Macy’s Glamorama events with Sheryl Crow and the Backstreet Boys. On November 28, 2013, the Summer Set took part in the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. Their performance of "Lightning in a Bottle" was featured on the television broadcast.

### *Stories for Monday*

The Summer Set's fourth studio album *Stories for Monday* was released on April 1, 2016. Singles from the album include "Figure Me Out", "Missin' You", and "Jean Jacket", which were all released prior to the album's release date. The Summer Set released a music video for the song "Wasted" on April 1, 2016.

On April 4, 2016, the Summer Set played at a Bernie Sanders rally in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along with 3OH!3.

### Hiatus

In early 2017, Brian Logan Dales announced that he had been working on a separate project called DALES with producer and guitarist Matt Beckley since 2014. On April 30, 2017, DALES released its first single "Young for the Summer." DALES released additional singles throughout 2017. Since then, Brian Logan Dales has appeared multiple times for surprise DJ sets at Emo Nite in Los Angeles.

On October 17, 2017, the Summer Set announced on Twitter that they were going on an indefinite hiatus. Brian Logan Dales confirmed the announcement in separate posts on his private Tumblr and Twitter accounts.

### Return and *Blossom, Pt. 1*

On August 23, 2021, the band announced via Instagram that they were reuniting, minus former member Josh Montgomery. They released a new single on August 27, 2021, called "Street Lightning." They released another single on December 3, 2021, titled "Back Together." They released the third single on June 16, 2022, called "Teenagers" featuring Chrissy Costanza of Against the Current. The following day, June 17, 2022, the band announced that they would be putting out a two-part album called *Blossom*, the first part of which was set to be released on September 9, 2022. The fourth single off the album was released on August 12, 2022, called "Hard Candy". They released the final single, called "FTS" featuring Travie McCoy, on September 2, 2022, a week before the album's release date. The album was officially released worldwide on September 9, 2022, while the second half of it is expected to be put out in summer 2023.

## Tours

In 2009, the Summer Set played at Alternative Press's AP Tour, touring with bands such as the Cab, Never Shout Never, Hey Monday, and Every Avenue. Following the AP Tour, the Summer Set toured with Cartel.

In 2010, the band went on to play several festivals including The Bamboozle festival and the Vans Warped Tour.

In 2011, the Summer Set participated in the free OurZone Magazine Tour, which took place over seven dates in the United Kingdom in May 2011. The band was also part of the Dirty Work Tour, which included All Time Low, Yellowcard, and Hey Monday. The Dirty Work Tour ran from March to May in 2011, covering most of the United States.

In 2013, the Summer Set performed on the Vans Warped Tour 2013 on the Kia Forte Stage and Tilly's Stage.

In 2014, the Summer Set toured in the United Kingdom with Paradise Fears and William Beckett on a string of dates after touring with We Are the In Crowd, Sleeping With Sirens, and Mayday Parade in Europe. The Summer Set also completed an acoustic tour for Legendary in the United States. The band also participated in the Vans Warped Tour for the second year in a row.

In 2015, the Summer Set traveled across the United States, performing twelve acoustic shows on the "We like It Quiet Tour".

The Summer Set played shows throughout the United States and United Kingdom from April to June in 2016 on the Stories for Monday Tour. The Stories for Monday tour opened with Handsome Ghost, Karizma, and Royal Teeth. That summer, the Summer Set played the final two weeks of the Vans Warped Tour. In August 2016, the band announced the Made for You Tour, where fans were allowed to select cities in which the shows would be played. During the Made for You Tour, the band performed shows across the United States throughout October and early November 2016.

Following their return, the band played at Chain Fest 2021, as well as some intimate shows in December. They then played a headliner show at the 8123 Fest in Phoenix, Arizona, as well as the main show.

The Summer Set toured in the United Kingdom in June 2022, after which they performed at Sad Summer Fest. The band is going to perform a show celebrating 15 years of the Summer Set and their new album on November 3, 2022, in Los Angeles.

## Members

**Current line-up**

* Brian Logan Dales – lead vocals (2007–present)
* Jess Bowen – drums (2007–present)
* John Gomez – lead guitar, piano, backing vocals (2007–present)
* Stephen Gomez – bass guitar (2007–present)

**Past members**

* Dillon Morris – rhythm guitar (2007)
* Josh Montgomery – rhythm guitar (2008–2017)

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US
Rock
 | US
Alt
 | US Indie
 | UK
 |
| *Love Like This* |  | 173 |  |  | 28 |  |
| *Everything's Fine* | * Released: July 19, 2011 * Label: Razor & Tie * Format: CD, DL, LP | 65 | 17 | 14 | 10 |  |
| *Legendary* |  | 53 |  |  | 12 | 145 |
| *Stories for Monday* |  | 84 | 12 | 8 | 8 |  |
| *Blossom, Pt 1* | * Released: September 9, 2022 * Label: Self-released * Format: DL, Vinyl |  |  |  |  |  |
| "\_" denotes a release that did not chart. | | | | | | | |

### Extended plays

### Singles

List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | | Sales | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US Rock Digital
 | JPN
 | UK
 | | |
| "Chelsea" | 2009 |  |  | 38 |  |  | *Love Like This* |
| "About a Girl" | 2011 |  |  |  |  |  | *Everything's Fine* |
| | "Someone Like You" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Mannequin" | 2012 |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "When We Were Young" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Fuck U Over" |  |  |  |  |  | *Legendary* |
| "Maybe Tonight" | 2013 |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Boomerang" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| "Lightning in a Bottle" | 2014 |  |  |  | |  |  |
| "Figure Me Out" | 2016 |  | 31 |  |  |  | *Stories for Monday* |
| "Street Lightning" | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  | *Blossom, Pt.1* |
| | "Back Together" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Teenagers"
(feat. Chrissy Costanza of Against The Current) | 2022 |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Hard Candy" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "FTS"
(feat. Travie McCoy) |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| The Summer Set | |
| --- | --- |
| The Summer Set in 2011 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2007–2017 (hiatus), 2021present |
| Labels |  |
| Spinoff of | Last Call To Camden |
|  | |
| Members | * Brian Logan Dales * Jess Bowen * Stephen Gomez * John Gomez |
|  | |
| Past members | * Dillon Morris * Josh Montgomery |
|  | |
| Website | thesummerset.com |


abstract: The efficient running of the North-east Indian railways during World War II became critical to the success of the Allied war effort in the South-East Asian Theatre. At the start of the War the railways and water communications of north-east Indian Railways was not a major concern for the British Empire forces stationed in Burma as they could be supplied by sea through port in Rangoon. However, when the Japanese attacked and forced the British back to the Indian Burmese border, the supply of material over the extended lines of communication from Calcutta to the front lines and over the Hump into China, became a critical issue for the Western Allies and the Chinese National Revolutionary Army (NRA) under the command of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. War time expediency, investment and ingenuity increased rail tonnage from around 600 tonnes a day to over 7,300 by January 1946.

text:
# North-east Indian railways during World War II

The efficient running of the **North-east Indian railways during World War II** became critical to the success of the Allied war effort in the South-East Asian Theatre.

At the start of the War the railways and water communications of north-east Indian Railways was not a major concern for the British Empire forces stationed in Burma as they could be supplied by sea through port in Rangoon (as could Chinese forces in south western China thought supplies passing up the Burma Road). However, when the Japanese attacked and forced the British back to the Indian Burmese border, the supply of material over the extended lines of communication from Calcutta to the front lines and over the Hump into China, became a critical issue for the Western Allies and the Chinese National Revolutionary Army (NRA) under the command of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. War time expediency, investment and ingenuity increased rail tonnage from around 600 tonnes a day to over 7,300 by January 1946.

## History

In the initial phase of the war the Japanese advanced north from Rangoon through Burma forcing Allied forces to retreat into the mountains on the Indian Burma frontier. In doing so, not only did the Japanese threaten India, but they denied use of the Burma Road to the Western Allies, who had been sending supplies to Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army (NRA) by that route.

Behind this frontier, there was a series of railways in India which were essential to supply the Allied armies with logistics. They ran from the port of Calcutta to the hill station of Ledo in Assam. These logistics were not only needed by the British Fourteenth Army, and the American and Chinese troops at the end of the line under the command of General Joseph Stilwell's Northern Combat Area Command, but also Allied forces in China.

Allied forces in China consisted of Chiang Kai-shek's NRA, and American units based in China such as those involved in Operation Matterhorn. Allied forces in China were supplied by an airlift, over the Hump of the Himalayas, from the airfields (Ledo Airfield and perhaps few other) built close to the north east end of the railway, towards the end of the war this was supplemented by the use of the newly built Ledo Road which started close to the railhead in Ledo.

From port of Calcutta a broad gauge railway ran for 235 miles (378 km) to Parbatipur. Here goods had to be tran-shipped on to a metre-gauge train. This wandered 215 miles (346 km) up the Brahmaputra Valley to a ferry at Pandu which is 450 miles (720 km) from Calcutta. Once ferried across the river the train continued to Dimapur over 600 miles (970 km) from Calcutta. This was the main supply depot for the Fourteenth Army. If the supplies were destined for the Northern Combat Area or trans-shipment on to China, they had to be sent an additional 200 miles (320 km) to Ledo which is over 800 miles (1,300 km) from Calcutta.

The line had been built to serve the tea plantations of Assam and had a peacetime capacity of 600 tonnes a day. By the time the Fourteenth Army was formed in late 1943 this had risen to 2,800 tonnes. Up to Dimapur there were two other options, roads and river which could be used to supplement the rail tonnage. But there was no road to Ledo.

In early 1944, the American Army provided six battalions of dedicated railway troops, about 4,700 men. By October 1944 they had raised the capacity to 4,400 tonnes and by January 1946 to 7,300 tonnes a day. This was possible by the increase in staff from two British, or Indian, officers to twenty seven experienced American railroad men on the same length of line and the introduction of more powerful American and Canadian locomotives. Without the trebling of capacity, the supply of Chinese troops in China would not have been possible once the Japanese attacked India and the Fourteenth Army counterattacked.

It was possible to reach the Northern Front by river from Calcutta through the Sunderbans and then up the main stream of the Brahmaputra to Dibrugarh a distance of 1,136 miles (1,828 km). For the Central (Assam) Front the river port at Gauhati could be used, but from there supplies had to travel over the already congested metre-gauge railway to Dimapur. The Southern Front could be reached by a combination of broad-gauge railway, river-steamers and then a metre-gauge railway which ended at Dohazari railhead.

To move supplies from the railheads to the Army fronts three all weather roads were constructed in record time during the autumn (fall) of 1943:

* The Ledo road in the north which went on to connect to the Burma road and supply China.
* The campaign winning Central Front road from Dimapur to Imphal.
* The southern road from Dohazari south of Chittagong for the advance to Arakan.

Much of the labour for the two British roads and for constructing the many airfields was done by the 40,000 labourers contributed by the Indian Tea Association who organised and managed them.

> I remember once saying "Well, that railway's been washed away by floods, put out by bombing, swept away by landslides, closed by train wrecks; there's not much more that can happen to it." But there was. We had an earthquake that buckled the rails and shifted bridges over a hundred miles of it.
>
> Field Marshal Bill Slim.

* Slim, William (1956), "Chapter IX: The Foundations", *Defeat into Victory*, London: Cassel, pp. 168–195

## Further reading

* Latimer, Jon (2004), "Chapters 8 and 13", *Burma: The Forgotten War'*, London: John Murray, ISBN 0-7195-6576-6
* Slim, William (2009), *Defeat into Victory*, Pan military classics series, London: Pan, ISBN 978-0330509978 (in print edition)


title: Homona umbrigera

abstract: Homona umbrigera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sumba in Indonesia.

text:
# Homona umbrigera

***Homona umbrigera*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sumba in Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| *Homona umbrigera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Homona* |
| Species: | ***H. umbrigera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Homona umbrigera***<br>Diakonoff, 1952 | |
|


title: Northwest Baptist Convention

abstract: The Northwest Baptist Convention (NBC) is a group of churches affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention located in the Northwest United States. Headquartered in Vancouver, Washington, the convention is made up of 15 Baptist associations and around 480 churches as of 2010. The group was at one point called the Baptist General Convention of Oregon-Washington, but has changed its name since the 1950s.

text:
# Northwest Baptist Convention

The **Northwest Baptist Convention** (**NBC**) is a group of churches affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention located in the Northwest United States (Washington, Oregon, and the panhandle of Idaho). Headquartered in Vancouver, Washington, the convention is made up of 15 Baptist associations and around 480 churches as of 2010.

The group was at one point called the **Baptist General Convention of Oregon-Washington**, but has changed its name since the 1950s.

## Affiliated organizations

* *The Northwest Baptist Witness* \- the newspaper of the Northwest Baptist Convention
* The Northwest Baptist Historical Society
* Northwest Baptist Foundation


title: Homona trachyptera

abstract: Homona trachyptera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Guinea, as well as Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. The wingspan is 20–23 mm for males and about 30 mm for females. The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Ficus copiosa, Ficus wassa, Theobroma cacao, Camellia sinensis, Kleinhovia hospita, Psidium guajava, Mangifera species, Ricinus communis, Gliricidia, Sesbania, Coffea and Citrus species.

text:
# Homona trachyptera

***Homona trachyptera*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Guinea, as well as Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is 20–23 mm for males and about 30 mm for females.

The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including *Ficus copiosa*, *Ficus wassa*, *Theobroma cacao*, *Camellia sinensis*, *Kleinhovia hospita*, *Psidium guajava*, *Mangifera* species (including *Mangifera indica*), *Ricinus communis*, *Gliricidia*, *Sesbania*, *Coffea* and *Citrus* species.

## InfoBox

| *Homona trachyptera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Homona* |
| Species: | ***H. trachyptera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Homona trachyptera***<br>Diakonoff, 1941 | |
|


title: The Spring to Come

abstract: The Polish novel Przedwiośnie was written by leading Polish neoromantic writer Stefan Żeromski, and first published in 1925, the year he died. The book has been translated and published in the U.S. as the Coming Spring in 2007. The novel consists of three parts: Szklane Domy, Nawłoć, and Wiatr od wschodu. It is set between 1914–1924, before and during the reconstitution of Poland as the Second Polish Republic, including the Polish-Soviet war. As the Russian Revolution breaks out, the main character, Cezary Baryka, escapes from Baku with his father, a Polish political exile from Siberia. The father dies en route to the newly formed Polish state. Cezary enters Poland alone, the country of his parents, having never been there before. The novel tells of his disillusionment as the Poland he discovers does not resemble that of which his father told him; a feeling only magnified by the Baryka's deep suspicion of the Bolshevik solutions about the poor. In 1928, an adaptation of the novel was premiered, directed by Henryk Szaro - the film is now considered lost. A live action version was released in two formats in Poland on 2 March 2001, adapted and directed by Filip Bajon, produced by Dariusz Jabłoński, and featuring Mateusz Damięcki as Cezary Baryka. It was the third most popular film in Poland for the year with 1.7 million admissions. A five-hour miniseries version was broadcast on Polish television, and a 138-minute cut distributed to theatres.

text:
# The Spring to Come

The Polish novel ***Przedwiośnie*** (a title translated alternatively as ***First Spring***, ***Before the Spring***, ***Early Spring***, ***Springtime***, or ***Spring To Come***) was written by leading Polish neoromantic writer Stefan Żeromski, and first published in 1925, the year he died. The book has been translated and published in the U.S. as the ***Coming Spring*** in 2007.

The novel consists of three parts: *Szklane Domy* (Glass Houses), *Nawłoć* (Nawłoć Estate), and *Wiatr od wschodu* (The Eastern Wind). It is set between 1914–1924, before and during the reconstitution of Poland as the Second Polish Republic, including the Polish-Soviet war. As the Russian Revolution breaks out, the main character, Cezary Baryka, escapes from Baku with his father, a Polish political exile from Siberia (see also, Poles in Azerbaijan). The father dies en route to the newly formed Polish state. Cezary enters Poland alone, the country of his parents, having never been there before. The novel tells of his disillusionment as the Poland he discovers does not resemble that of which his father told him; a feeling only magnified by the Baryka's deep suspicion of the Bolshevik solutions about the poor.

In 1928, an adaptation of the novel was premiered, directed by Henryk Szaro - the film is now considered lost. A live action version was released in two formats in Poland on 2 March 2001, adapted and directed by Filip Bajon, produced by Dariusz Jabłoński, and featuring Mateusz Damięcki as Cezary Baryka. It was the third most popular film in Poland for the year with 1.7 million admissions. A five-hour miniseries version was broadcast on Polish television, and a 138-minute cut distributed to theatres.

## Plot

### Part one – Glass Houses

Cezary Baryka is a teenager growing up in Baku in a well-off household with both parents. As World War I breaks out and his father loses his grip on his son due to departure, Cezary begins to rebel against his mother and stops attending classes due to the communist revolution in his hometown. At the beginning, he is devoted to the cause but later begins drifting apart from other revolutionaries, due to their violent means of exerting control. As his mother dies due to mandatory labor and food shortages, a conflict breaks out between Tatars and Armenians. His rebellious world-view begins to fade away upon seeing the dead body of a beautiful woman. He becomes firm in his belief that revolution brings about suffering. Later, he is reunited with his father - believed to have been dead - who is eager to revisit Poland. During the journey, his father convinces his son that Poland has become a land of progress and prosperity. Shortly after his father's death, Cezary Baryka reaches Poland and is disappointed by his sight - Poland is devastated by the war and isn't the utopia his father prophesied.

### Part two – Nawłoć Estate

After a while, Cezary reaches Warsaw and meets his mother's former lover - Simon Gajowiec, a proponent of slow reform and work at grassroots. Soon, swept by the enthusiasm of his peers, he joins his compatriots fighting the advancing Bolshevik forces. During the combat, he meets Hipolit Wielosławski, who invites him to an estate in Nawłoć. There he becomes disgruntled at the decadence of the once prospering Polish aristocracy and attempts to converse with the hired laborers. Soon he gets swept up into many affairs including Caroline (whom Cezary flirts with), Wanda (secretly in love with him), and Laura (an older woman who Cezary begins to adore). Laura ends up marrying a wealthy, yet sickly man, and Wanda poisons Caroline, convinced that Cezary is in love with her.

### Part three – The Eastern Wind

Cezary returns to Warsaw, seeking a job from Simon. Convinced that both revolution and a return to tradition are futile attempts to improve the well-being in Poland, begins a correspondence with Anthony Lulek - a devoted Marxist rhetorician. Cezary rejects Simon's political actions, convinced that he is not doing anything to unite Poland, relieve the oppressed of their duties, and accuses him of cowardice. Cezary reunites once again with Laura and learns that the woman loved him deeply and is saddened by the fact that she had to marry to save her reputation. He ends up leaving her without solace. As spring comes by, Cezary dressed up in an army suit joins a protest of unionized workers, heading head-straight into stationed police forces, in front of the protest.

## Analysis

### Revolution

Even though the communist leaders in Poland during the 1950s read the book from the prism of Marxist analysis, Żeromski is clear in his stance about the revolution. Even though the main character throughout the entire novel is firm in his stance that the oppressed must be uplifted from their suffering, he rejects revolution as a means of achieving that. The revolution leads to miss-management of labour, human cruelty, food shortages: all of which later serve as fertile ground for violence motivated by racial hatred. As he grows to love his mother, forced to do labour at old age, later stripped of her wedding-ring upon her death - Cezary rejects the foundation of dialectical-materialist thinkers, which is to achieve freedom through armed conflict.

## InfoBox

Coming Spring
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Stefan Żeromski |
| Original title | *Przedwiośnie* |
| Translator | Bill Johnston |
| Language | Polish |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Central European University Press |
| Publication date | 1924 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Published in English | <br>2007 |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| ISBN | 963-7326-89-8 |


title: Fogartach mac Néill

abstract: Fogartach Mac'Artain, sometimes called Fogartach ua Cernaich, was an Irish king who is reckoned a High King of Ireland. He belonged to the Uí Chernaig sept of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Uí Néill. He was King of Brega and was the son of Niall mac Cernaig Sotal and great-grandson of the high king Diarmait mac Áedo Sláine.

text:
# Fogartach mac Néill

**Fogartach Mac'Artain** (died 724), sometimes called **Fogartach ua Cernaich**, was an Irish king who is reckoned a High King of Ireland. He belonged to the Uí Chernaig sept of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Uí Néill. He was King of Brega and was the son of Niall mac Cernaig Sotal (died 701) and great-grandson of the high king Diarmait mac Áedo Sláine (died 665).

## King of Brega

Fogartach may be identified with the "Focortoch" who signed as a guarantor of the *Cáin Adomnáin* at Birr in 697. The earliest report of him in the Irish annals is his flight from the battlefield at the Battle of Claenath (Clane, Co. Kildare) in 704 following the defeat of a number of southern Uí Néill kings by Cellach Cualann (died 715), King of Leinster.

In 714, Fogartach was deposed as king of Brega and exiled in Britain. It has been suggested that it was the High King, Fergal mac Máele Dúin (died 722), who deposed him, but it appears more likely that this was a dispute within the fractious Síl nÁedo Sláine, and that Fogartach was removed by his uncle Conall Grant (died 718), assisted by Murchad Midi (died 715) of Clann Cholmáin. Conall killed Murchad the following year and Fogartach returned in 716.

He caused some manner of disturbance in 717 at the Oenach Tailtiuan annual Uí Néill gathering held at Teltownwhere "Ruba's son and Dub Sléibe's son" were killed, but the annalistic record lacks sufficient context to explain what happened there and why. The following year Conall Grant won a battle against a coalition of southern Uí Néill kings at Kells, but was killed by Fergal mac Máele Dúin later that year.

In the early 720s, Fogartach's lands were under attack by the kings of Leinster and Cathal mac Finguine, king of Munster. Fergal mac Máele Dúin undertook campaigns against Leinster in revenge, but was killed by the Leinstermen on one of these, at the battle of Allen, on 11 December 722. His brother Áed Laigin was slain in this battle.

## High King

Fogartach replaced Fergal as High King, but himself fell victim to the war within the Síl nÁedo Sláine, being killed in the battle of Cenn Deilgden by his distant kinsman and successor Cináed mac Írgalaig of the Uí Chonaing sept of North Brega. This was an old feud, Cináed's father having assassinated Fogartach's father in 701. The report of his death in the *Annals of Ulster* does not refer to him as High King.

## Descendants

His sons included:

His descendants representing the main line of the Uí Chernaig sept based at Lagore were in rivalry with his uncle Conall Grant's descendants, the Síl Conaill Graint based at Calatruim for the rule of southern Brega.

* "The Annals of Ulster AD 431-1201". *CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts*. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
* *Annals of Tigernach* at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
* Byrne, Francis John, *Irish Kings and High-Kings.* Batsford, London, 1973. ISBN 0-7134-5882-8
* Charles-Edwards, T.M., *Early Christian Ireland.* Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. ISBN 0-521-36395-0
* Irwin, Philip (2004). "Fogartach mac Néill (*d*. 724)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*. Retrieved 25 October 2007.


title: Ford Falcon (XK)

abstract: The Ford Falcon (XK) is a mid-sized car that was produced by Ford Australia between 1960 and 1962. It was the first of seven generations of the Falcon, produced until 2016.

text:
# Ford Falcon (XK)

The **Ford Falcon (XK)** is a mid-sized car that was produced by Ford Australia between 1960 and 1962. It was the first of seven generations of the Falcon, produced until 2016.

## Overview

The first Falcon sold in Australia was the XK series, which was introduced in September 1960. It was initially offered only as a four-door sedan, in both Falcon and Falcon Deluxe trim levels. The XK was essentially a right-hand drive version of the North American model, although local country dealers often included modifications such as heavy-duty rear suspension (five leaves) and larger 6.50 x 13 tyres. Front seat belts were optional.

The steering was light and the ride surprisingly good, on well-paved roads. Whereas the North American model used an 'economy' 3.10:1 rear axle ratio, the Australian Falcon was built with a 3.56:1 ratio which better complemented the torque characteristics of the engine. It had a 38 ft (12 m) turning circle.

The wagon, added to the range in November 1960, was shortened at the rear due to concern that the back of the car might scrape on rough roads and spoon drains.

Billed as being "Australian-with a world of difference", Falcon offered the first serious alternative to Holden, and became an instant success. Sales were aided by the contemporary FB series Holden being perceived as lacklustre and dated by comparison. Two engines were available; a 144 cu in (2,360 cc) Falcon Six inline-six, which produced 67 kW (90 hp; 91 PS) and an optional 170 cu in (2,786 cc) version of the Falcon Six, which produced 75 kW (101 hp; 102 PS). The Falcon was available with either a three-speed column shift manual transmission, or a two-speed Ford-O-Matic automatic transmission.

Although the engines were superior to the Holden FB's 138 cu in (2,261 cc) inline-six, which produced 56 kW (75 hp; 76 PS), and the Holden did not offer an automatic gearbox, the Falcon quickly gained a reputation for weak gearboxes and suspension components, and struggled to take much of Holden's marketshare. This was further compounded by the introduction of the new Holden EJ in July 1962.

The XK range was expanded in May 1961 with the addition of utility and panel van body styles, officially designated as Falcon Utility and Falcon Sedan Delivery, respectively. As with the wagons, these lacked the extended rear overhang of their American counterparts, and also used the four-door front doors rather than the longer two-door units used by the Ranchero and US sedan delivery. When production of the XK Falcon ended in August 1962, 68,465 units had been sold. The Falcon was also exported in small numbers to the various Empire colonies and Commonwealth nations. Pricing for a base model XK Falcon started at £1,137 ($2,274 AUD)

## InfoBox

| XK Falcon | |
| --- | --- |
| Ford Falcon Deluxe sedan | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford Australia |
| Production | September 1960 – August 1962 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mid-size car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan
5-door station wagon
2-door coupé utility
2-door panel van |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 2.4 L (144 cu in) Falcon Six I6
2.8 L (170 cu in) Falcon Six I6 |
| Transmission | 3-speed manual
2-speed Ford-O-Matic automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,781 mm (109.5 in) |
| Length | 4,602 mm (181.2 in) |
| Width | 1,778 mm (70.0 in) |
| Height | 1,384 mm (54.5 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,103–1,130 kg (2,432–2,491 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Ford XL Falcon |


title: Macrosteles quadrilineatus

abstract: Macrosteles quadrilineatus, the aster leafhopper or six-spotted leafhopper, is a leafhopper species in the genus Macrosteles, found in the United States. It is the vector of aster yellows disease, which affects various vegetable plants, weeds and ornamental plants.

text:
# Macrosteles quadrilineatus

***Macrosteles quadrilineatus***, the **aster leafhopper** or **six-spotted leafhopper**, is a leafhopper species in the genus *Macrosteles*, found in the United States. It is the vector of aster yellows disease, which affects various vegetable plants, weeds and ornamental plants.

## Description

The aster leafhopper is a small species, with males reaching about 3.3 mm (0.13 in) in length and females about 3.7 mm (0.15 in). The fore-wings are greyish-green while the abdomen is yellowish-green. Six pairs of minute black spots or streaks on the head give the insect its alternative name of six-spotted leafhopper.

## Ecology

In the United States, strong southerly winds in the spring carry adults northwards to the Mid West and northern parts of the country, and these insects usually arrive earlier and exceed in number the resident insects that have been overwintering there, mostly on grasses and cereals. Eggs are laid on a wide range of host plants which include grasses and clovers, corn, oats, rye, carrots and various weeds. The eggs hatch in about one week and the whole life cycle takes about four weeks. Carrot, dill, potato and radish are selected by adults for feeding purposes but are not good for breeding purposes.

The leafhopper is attacked by several parasitoids including *Pachygonatopus minimus*, *Neogonatopus ombrodes* and *Epigonatopus plesius*.

## Aster yellows

Aster yellows is a disease of various vegetable crops, weeds and ornamental plants and is transmitted almost entirely by the aster leafhopper. The disease is caused by phytoplasmas, specialised bacteria that are obligate parasites of plant tissue. The symptoms shown by the plant are a yellowing of the leaf veins followed by yellowing of the leaf blades, spindly stems with pale leaves, stunting of the plant, and deformed flowers, which sometimes show green colouring. Vegetable crops affected include carrot, celery, lettuce, potato, cucumber, pumpkin and squash.

## InfoBox

| *Macrosteles quadrilineatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Aster leafhopper | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Family: | Cicadellidae |
| Genus: | *Macrosteles* |
| Species: | ***M. quadrilineatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Macrosteles quadrilineatus***<br>Forbes, 1885 | |
|


title: No. 1454 Flight RAF

abstract: No. 1454 (Fighter) Flight was formed at RAF Colerne, Wiltshire on 27 June 1941, equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft. By 26 January 1942 the flight moved to RAF Charmy Down, Somerset. On operations they co-operated with the Hawker Hurricanes of 87 Squadron, which also flew from Charmy Down. The flight was replaced with 533 Squadron on 8 September 1942 but officially disbanded as late as 31 January 1943. 533 Sqn, which had taken over men and machines, carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943, when Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar, thought to be superfluous.

text:
# No. 1454 Flight RAF

**No. 1454 (Fighter) Flight** was formed at RAF Colerne, Wiltshire on 27 June 1941, equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft. By 26 January 1942 the flight moved to RAF Charmy Down, Somerset. On operations they co-operated with the Hawker Hurricanes of 87 Squadron, which also flew from Charmy Down. The flight was replaced with 533 Squadron on 8 September 1942 (not on 2 September due to administrative reasons) but officially disbanded as late as 31 January 1943.

533 Sqn, which had taken over men and machines, carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943, when Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar, thought to be superfluous.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 1454 Flight RAF, data from
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 June 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.I (Turbinlite) |
| 27 June 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.I |
| 27 June 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.II (Turbinlite) |
| 27 June 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Boston | Mk.II (Turbinlite) |
| 27 June 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Boston | Mk.III (Turbinlite) |

## Flight bases

Bases and airfields used by no. 1454 Flight RAF, data from
| From | To | Base |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 27 June 1941 | 26 January 1942 | RAF Colerne, Wiltshire |
| 26 January 1942 | 8 September 1942 | RAF Charmy Down, Somerset |

## Commanding officers

Officers commanding no. 1454 Flight RAF, data from
| From | To | Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 27 June 1941 | September 1941 | S/Ldr. C.L. Gomm, DFC |
| September 1941 | October 1941 | S/Ldr. B.H.M. Winslett |
| October 1941 | March 1942 | S/Ldr. W.G. Moseby |
| March 1942 | 8 September 1942 | S/Ldr. D.P. McKeown, AFC |

Notes Bibliography  * Delve, Ken. *The Source Book of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
* Halley, James J. *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918-1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second edition 2001). ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Lake, Alan. *Flying Units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
* Rawlings, John D.R. *Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald & Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1969 (2nd edition 1976, reprinted 1978). ISBN 0-354-01028-X.
* Sturtivant, Ray, ISO and John Hamlin. *RAF Flying Training And Support Units since 1912*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2007. ISBN 0-85130-365-X.

## InfoBox

| No. 1454 Flight RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| An A-20 Havoc of the USAAF, like the ones used by the flight | |
| Active | 27 Jun 1941 – 8 Sep 1942 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Night Fighter (Turbinlite) |
| Part of | No. 10 Group RAF, Fighter Command |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | No known badge |
| Squadron Codes | No known identification code for the flight is known to have been carried |


title: Luc Jacquet

abstract: Luc Jacquet is a French film director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed the film March of the Penguins, which won an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature in 2005 and received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay. He also directed The Fox and the Child. It was released in Britain and Ireland in slightly re-edited dubbed English-language version with narration by Kate Winslet, and was released in the United States on 29 February 2008. His 2015 film Ice and the Sky was selected to close the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.

text:
# Luc Jacquet

**Luc Jacquet** (born 5 December 1967) is a French film director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed the film *March of the Penguins*, which won an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature in 2005 and received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay. He also directed *The Fox and the Child*. It was released in Britain and Ireland in slightly re-edited dubbed English-language version with narration by Kate Winslet, and was released in the United States on 29 February 2008.

His 2015 film *Ice and the Sky* was selected to close the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Luc Jacquet | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-12-05) 5 December 1967<br>Bourg-en-Bresse, France |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, Screenwriter, Cinematographer |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Notable work | *March of the Penguins* |
| Website | https://www.icebreaker-studios.com/en/ |


title: Rusty Warren

abstract: Rusty Warren was an American comedian and singer, specializing in sex-related themes and such songs as "Bounce Your Boobies" and "Knockers Up!".

text:
# Rusty Warren

**Rusty Warren** (born **Ilene Goldman**; March 20, 1930 – May 25, 2021) was an American comedian and singer, specializing in sex-related themes and such songs as "Bounce Your Boobies" and "Knockers Up!".

## Early life

Warren was born in New York City in 1930 and adopted six months later by Helen and Herbert Goldman, a couple from Milton, Massachusetts, who named her Ilene Goldman. She graduated from Milton High School around 1948, studied piano at the New England Conservatory of Music, graduating around 1954, and later taught there briefly after obtaining her degree. She spent her first free summer entertaining in small lounges. Her musical mentor at the time was Arthur Fiedler, the conductor of the Boston Pops.

> "Late at night, there’d be nobody in these places (cocktail lounges in the Boston area), to cut the boredom, I got some repartee going with the regulars."

## Career

In 1955, Warren began at *The Pomp Room*, at 16th Street and Camelback Road, Phoenix, AZ. *Songs for Sinners* was recorded there, for Jubilee Records, and released in November 1958. *Knockers Up!* was recorded at *The Golden Falcon*, Pompano Beach, Florida, and released in November 1960.

GNP Crescendo Records reissued some of her Jubilee albums. Known as the "Knockers Up Gal", she has been called the "mother of the sexual revolution". Her career began in the early 1950s in Phoenix, Arizona. Later she moved her act to Las Vegas, Nevada. Her comedy routines exposed the subject of sex from a female perspective. Her most famous contribution to the sexual revolution was the song "Knockers Up" from the 1960 album of the same name.

SCTV comedian Catherine O'Hara performed a character called Dusty Towne who was based on Warren.

Elizabeth Rizzo self-published *Rusty Warren - The Knockers Up Gal*, containing excerpts from news articles and magazine articles in chronological order.

In 2014, some of Rusty Warren's music (*Knockers Up*) was provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises and could be subscribed at the *Rusty Warren - Topic* channel; it is now set to *private*. In 2023, some of Rusty Warren's music was provided to YouTube by CDBaby and Symphonic Distribution and can be subscribed at the *@rustywarrenknockersupgal* channel.

## Personal life

Her life partner was Elizabeth Rizzo from 1984 to 2019 and they resided in Hawaii after moving from Paradise Valley, Arizona.

Rusty Warren died in her sleep on May 25, 2021, at the age of 91.

## Legacy

The Rusty Warren collection, with news articles, photographs, slides, video footage from her Las Vegas shows, magazines, promotional materials, letters, performance contracts, handwritten notes, pertaining to her career as a comedian, spanning from 1955 through the late 1980s, is in the archives of the Library of Congress and on display at the National Comedy Museum.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Songs for Sinners* – Jubilee JGM 2024 (1959)
* *Knockers Up!* – Jubilee JGM 2029 (1960)
* *Sin-sational* – Jubilee JGM 2034 (1961)
* *Rusty Warren Bounces Back* – Jubilee JGM 2039 (1961)
* *Rusty Warren in Orbit* – Jubilee JGM 2044 (1962)
* *Banned in Boston?* – Jubilee JGM 2049 (1963)
* *Sex-x-ponent* – Jubilee JGM 2054 (1964)
* *Rusty Sings a Portrait of Life* – Jubilee JGS 5025 (1964)
* *More Knockers Up!* – Jubilee JGM 2059 (1965)
* *Rusty Rides Again* – Jubilee JGM 2064 (1967)
* *Bottoms Up!* – Jubilee JGM 2069 (1969)
* *Look What I Got for You* – Jubilee JGS 2074 (1969)
* *Lays It on the Line* – GNP-Crescendo GNPS-2081 (1974)
* *Knockers Up '76* – GNP-Crescendo GNPS-2088 (1976)
* *Sexplosion* – GNP-Crescendo GNPS-2114 (1977)

### Reissued albums

* *Knockers Up! / Songs For Sinners* – GNP-Crescendo GNP 2-2079 1973 (reissue of Jubilee JGM 2029 and JGM 2024)
* *Bounces Back / Sin-sational* – GNP-Crescendo GNP 2-2080 1973 (reissue of Jubilee JGM 2039 and JGM 2034)
* *Bottoms Up!* – GNP-Crescendo GNPS-2103 (1976) (reissue of Jubilee JGM 2069)

### Singles

* "Knockers Up" / "Basin Street" / "Bounce Your Boobies" / "Shimmy Like My Sister Kate" – Jubilee 45-2039 (1961)
* "Roll Me Over" / Do It Now / "Twist Blues" – Jubilee 45-2049 (1962)
* "I Like Everybody" / "Waltz Me Around Again Willie" / "Greenback Dollar" / "The Sexy Life" – Jubilee 45-2059 (1963)
* "The Pill Song" / "Surprise" / "Red River Sally" / "Steel Drivin' Man" – Jubilee 45-2069 *(1964)*

### DVD

Label GNP Crescendo produced a DVD that chronicles her life in show business. The DVD, *Rusty Warren: Knockers Up! The Lady Behind the Laughs*, was released by GNP Crescendo in 2008.

## Further reading

* Nesteroff, Kliph (June 27, 2010). "The Life and Times of Rusty Warren". *Beware of the Blog*. WFMU. In 1954 Ilene Goldman was a recent graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music. She spent her first free summer entertaining in small lounges. A rare exception was her participation in a salient twenty-one piano tribute to Chopin directed by future PBS favorite Arthur Fiedler.
* McKim, Brian; Skene, Traci. "Interview with Rusty Warren". Sheckymagazine. WELCOME TO FORT LIQUORDALE IN THE WINTER. I played there from after or on New Year's 'til up to spring break, when I would go back to Scottsdale, AZ, 'til before summer, then head off for another tour of the country.
* Mock, Roberta (27 September 2016). *Jewish Women on Stage, Film, and Television*. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-06713-5. ISBN 978-1-137-06713-5.
* Gaw, Melanie (2021). *Joan Rivers: Comedy and Identity on the Road to Fashion Police*. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Theses and Dissertations. 2783. Retrieved 24 October 2023.

Gift of Rusty Warren's sister, Elizabeth Rizzo, April 2018. "This channel doesn't have any content"

**Metadata**

## InfoBox

| Rusty Warren | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ilene Goldman
(1930-03-20)March 20, 1930
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | May 25, 2021(2021-05-25) (aged 91)
Laguna Hills, California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Comedian, singer |
| Website | www.rustywarren.com |


title: Yesenia (1987 TV series)

abstract: Yesenia is a Mexican telenovela produced by Irene Sabido for Televisa in 1987. The protagonists of this telenovela were Adela Noriega and Luis Uribe, while Noe Murayama starred as antagonist.

text:
# Yesenia (1987 TV series)

***Yesenia*** is a Mexican telenovela produced by Irene Sabido for Televisa in 1987. The protagonists of this telenovela were Adela Noriega and Luis Uribe, while Noe Murayama starred as antagonist.

## Plot

Yesenia is a beautiful Roma woman who lives different situations in an aimlessly fixed way with the company of her caravan. In one of her many trips she meets a military man, Osvaldo Moncada, and falls in love with him.

They will have to prove that their love is stronger than their differences and social prejudice that separate them. One of the opponents of their relationship is Rashay, the patriarch of the Roma people, who opposes the relationship because the military youth does not belong to the Romani tribe.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *Yesenia* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Telenovela
Romance
Drama |
| Created by | Yolanda Vargas Dulché |
| Written by | Luis Reyes de la Maza |
| Directed by | Julio Castillo |
| Starring | Adela Noriega
Luis Uribe
Ofelia Guilmain
Rafael Baledón
Norma Herrera
Marisa De Lille
Noe Murayama |
| Opening theme | *Instrumental* by Gonzálo Gavira |
| Country of origin | Mexico |
| Original language | Spanish |
| No. of episodes | 25 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Irene Sabido |
| Running time | 41-44 minutes |
| Production company | Televisa |
| Original release | |
| Network | Canal de las Estrellas |
| Release | January 10 (1987-01-10)
June 27, 1987 (1987-06-27) |
| Related | |
| *Yesenia (1970)*
*Yesenia (1971)* | |


title: Hugh McElroy LaRue

abstract: Hugh McElroy LaRue (1830–1906), a member of the LaRue family of Kentucky, US was a California pioneer.

text:
# Hugh McElroy LaRue

**Hugh McElroy LaRue** (1830–1906), a member of the LaRue family of Kentucky, US was a California pioneer.

## Biography

Hugh was born on August 12, 1830, in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, to Sarah Cummings and Jacob Hodgen LaRue. When he was about nine-years-old, Hugh's family headed west to settle in Lewis County, Missouri, which was still mostly wilderness and inhabited by hostile natives. Not long after, Hugh began dreaming of settling his own family in California. So in the Spring of 1849, before news of the California Gold Rush had made it to Lewis County, Hugh joined an expedition going west, across the Great Plains, by way of the Oregon Trail.

The expedition was led by one V. A. Sublette and his partner, Dr. Conduitt. After gathering provisions for the journey, Hugh and the others crossed the Missouri River in Boonville and started out from Independence on April 29, 1849. The route they followed took them along the Platte River and through South Pass, thence via Sublette's cut-off and the Oregon Trail. Near the end of the journey, they found themselves on the banks of the Truckee River, which proved to be a tremendous obstacle. Because of the rough country surrounding the river, the expedition had to cross it twenty-seven times within thirty miles. The journey finally came to an end on August 12, 1849, when the expedition arrived at the Bear River Mines, in Steep Hollow, California.

Hugh spent the next several years working in the mines, on various ranches, and delivering groceries to the settlers of Shasta. He managed a small restaurant for a short time, and worked as a blacksmith in Sacramento, before a cholera epidemic persuaded him to move out of the city. Hugh then went into the agriculture business and started raising crops of all kinds. His orchards were the most successful, allowing him to expand into the horse and cattle ranching business. Over time, Hugh acquired hundreds of acres of land in Sacramento and in Yolo County. He built a town house in Sacramento, but preferred to stay out on his ranch. He married Elizaberth M. Lizenby of Kentucky in 1858 and had five children with her, four boys and one girl.

According to the author J. M. Guinn, Hugh was active in politics and "staunchly Democratic". He ran for sheriff of Sacramento County in 1857 and won by just eight votes, but he lost the office because of a problem in the courts. Years later, in 1873, Hugh was again elected sheriff and served for the next couple of years. Hugh was involved in a few murder cases during his tenure as sheriff, and was responsible for hanging some of the murderers. After that he went on to become a member of the California State Assembly, also serving as its Speaker and was the president of State Agricultural Society. He later ran for state senator in 1888, but was defeated. A few years later he was elected railroad commissioner from Northern California and served as the president of the board for four years. Hugh was also a member of the local Masonic Lodge and the Sacramento Society of California Pioneers, in which he served as president for a few years shortly before his death in 1906.

Hugh is buried in the Masonic Lawn Cemetery in Sacramento.

## InfoBox

| Hugh McElroy LaRue | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 25th Speaker of the California State Assembly | |
| **In office**
January 1883–May 1884 | |
| Preceded by | William H. Parks |
| Succeeded by | William H. Parks |
| Member of the California State Assembly
from the 18th district | |
| **In office**
1883 - 1885 | |
| Succeeded by | Winfield J. Davis |
| Sheriff of Sacramento County | |
| **In office**
1873–1875 | |
| Preceded by | Mike Bryte |
| Succeeded by | M.M. Drew |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Hugh McElroy LaRue
August 12, 1830
Elizabethtown, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | December 6, 1906 (age 76)
Davis, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Occupation | Sheriff, rancher, farmer, railroad commissioner, politician |
| Known for | Pioneer of Sacramento, California |
|  | |


title: Merki, Iraq

abstract: Merki is an Assyrian village located in Hamadaniya District of Nineveh Governorate, located below The Mar Mattai Monastery on Mount Alfaf. The village was founded by Syriac Orthodox Christian refugees from Tikrit in 1089, who fled to the Mar Mattai Monastery, establishing this village in the valley below the monastery. The village and Nineveh Plains region were later bolstered by other Syriac refugees from Tikrit due to Mongol raids in 1295 and Timurs genocide of Christians in the early 1400s. Merki is a prosperous agricultural village, with the cultivation of olives being their specialty. The village has several hundred houses, and a large historic church which was recently restored. In 2015, Christian monks remained at the monastery despite a surge in ISIL activity in the area surrounding the Nineveh Plains.

text:
# Merki, Iraq

**Merki** is an Assyrian village located in Hamadaniya District of Nineveh Governorate, located below The Mar Mattai Monastery on Mount Alfaf. The village was founded by Syriac Orthodox Christian refugees from Tikrit in 1089, who fled to the Mar Mattai Monastery, establishing this village in the valley below the monastery. The village and Nineveh Plains region were later bolstered by other Syriac refugees from Tikrit due to Mongol raids in 1295 and Timurs genocide of Christians in the early 1400s.

Merki is a prosperous agricultural village, with the cultivation of olives being their specialty. The village has several hundred houses, and a large historic church which was recently restored. In 2015, Christian monks remained at the monastery despite a surge in ISIL activity in the area surrounding the Nineveh Plains.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Merki | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Mar Mattai Monastery lies above the village in the mountains to the north, and is therefore a feature of the village | |
| Merki | |
| Coordinates: 36°49′N 43°44′E / 36.817°N 43.733°E / 36.817; 43.733 | |
| Country | Iraq |
| Province | Ninawa |


title: The Table (EP)

abstract: The Table is the seventh Korean extended play by the South Korean boy band NU'EST, released on October 21, 2019.

text:
# The Table (EP)

***The Table*** is the seventh Korean extended play by the South Korean boy band NU'EST, released on October 21, 2019.

## Background and release

On September 30, 2019, Pledis Entertainment confirmed NU'EST's comeback was set for October 21, 2019, and uploaded a teaser ending with the text, "The book has been closed. And shall we meet at...?", officially concluding their "Three-part Knight Series" spanning from *Q is* to *Happily Ever After*. After releasing several trailers for each member, a final trailer was uploaded on October 12, 2019.

In contrast to NU'EST's previous albums, *The Table* featured a "lovely and bright" concept, opting for a more easygoing and familiar concept for listeners. *The Table* revolves around the theme of love, with each song representing stories that friends and families would share about romances while sitting at a dinner table. The album took more retakes to record than ever due to the members of NU'EST finding difficulties in adjusting concepts. The album is sold in three different versions with alternate photo books and covers: the Forenoon Ver., On The Table Ver., and Pieces of Pie Ver.

## Composition

The album was produced by Baekho and Bumzu. The title track, "Love Me", expresses a "sweet love" while using elements of alternative house and urban R&B. The song describes a person in love, strengthened from the sad feelings of protecting his love from the "Three-part Knight Series." It was also described with having an "addictive" chorus. To accentuate the soft image, the choreography of the song focused on romantic and delicate gestures.

The opening track, "Call Me Back", is an R&B song opening with an easygoing acoustic guitar. "One Two Three" is a new jack swing song expressing the happy emotions and heartbeat of a person falling in love. "Trust Me" is a pop R&B song expressing the feeling of running towards a loved one. The lyrics of "Stay Up All Night" express memories of a past love. "If We" is a mixture of folk rock and ballad. JR, who mainly provides rap, notably provided vocals to the song instead.

## Reception

In South Korea, *The Table* debuted at #2 on the Gaon Music Chart, selling a cumulative total of 219,477 copies.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Baekho and Bumzu

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Call Me Back" |  | * Bumzu * Baekho * Park Gi-tae * Aaron Fresh * Jo Michael (Singing Beetle) | * Park Gi-tae | 3:09 |
| 2. | "Love Me" | * Baekho * JR * Bumzu | * Bumzu * Baekho * Park Gi-tae | * Bumzu * Park Gi-tae * Nmore | 3:03 |
| 3. | "One Two Three" |  | * Bumzu * Baekho * Anchor | * Bumzu * Anchor | 3:23 |
| 4. | "Trust Me" | * Baekho * JR * Bumzu | * Bumzu * Baekho | Bumzu | 3:21 |
| 5. | "Stay Up All Night" (밤새 lit. Midnight) | * Baekho * JR * Bumzu | * Bumzu * Baekho * Park Gi-tae | * Bumzu * Park Gi-tae | 3:35 |
| 6. | "If We" (우리가 사랑했다면 lit. If We Were in Love) | * Baekho * Bumzu | * Bumzu * Baekho | * Bumzu * Park Gi-tae | 3:07 |
| Total length: | | | | | 19:38 |

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 2 |
|

## Accolades

### Music programs awards

| Song | Program | Network | Date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Love Me" | *Show Champion* | MBC M | October 30, 2019 |  |
| | *M Countdown* | Mnet | October 31, 2019 |  |
| | *Music Bank* | KBS2 | November 1, 2019 |  |
| | *Show! Music Core* | MBC | November 2, 2019 |  |
| | *Inkigayo* | SBS | November 3, 2019 |  |

## InfoBox

| The Table | |
| --- | --- |
| Digital and streaming cover | |
| EP by NU'EST | |
| Released | October 21, 2019 (2019-10-21) |
| Genre | K-pop |
| Length | 19:38 |
| Label | Pledis Entertainment |
| Producer |  |
| NU'EST chronology | |
| *Happily Ever After*
(2019) ***The Table***
(2019) *The Nocturne*
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Table* | |
| 1. "Love Me"
Released: October 21, 2019 | |
|  | |


title: Ford Falcon (XW)

abstract: The Ford Falcon (XW) is a full-size car that was produced by Ford Australia from 1969 to 1970. It was the third iteration of the second generation of the Falcon and also included the Ford Futura (XW) and the Ford Fairmont (XW)—the luxury-oriented version.

text:
# Ford Falcon (XW)

The **Ford Falcon (XW)** is a full-size car that was produced by Ford Australia from 1969 to 1970. It was the third iteration of the second generation of the Falcon and also included the **Ford Futura (XW)** and the **Ford Fairmont (XW)**—the luxury-oriented version.

## Introduction

The XW Falcon was released in June 1969 replacing the XT Falcon. The XW was an extensive facelift of the XT, featuring a new grille and tail lights. Almost all exterior panels were new and the interior was extensively redesigned.

## Model range

The XW Falcon range featured eight passenger vehicles and three commercial models.

* Ford Falcon Sedan
* Ford Falcon Wagon
* Ford Falcon 500 Sedan
* Ford Falcon 500 Wagon
* Ford Futura Sedan
* Ford Fairmont Sedan
* Ford Fairmont Wagon
* Ford Falcon GT
* Ford Falcon Utility
* Ford Falcon Van
* Ford Falcon 500 Utility

The Futura was new for the XW, reviving a name last used in the 1965 XP Falcon range. A Grand Sport rally option package was available on Falcon 500, Futura & Fairmont sedans.

## GT-HO

The limited production, high performance Falcon GT-HO was released two months after the mainstream models. A further development, the GT-HO Phase II was released on 24 August 1970.

## Engines

3.1 litre & 3.6 litre in-line six cylinder engines carried over from the XT Falcon as did the 4.9 litre V8. A 5.8 litre V8 (the 351 Windsor) was introduced initially with the XW, as was later the 351 Cleveland in the Phase 1.5 and 2 model.

## Production

Production of the XW Falcon range totalled 105,785 vehicles. 2,287 XW Falcon GTs and 662 XW GT-HOs were built.

## Replacement

The XW Falcon was replaced by the XY Falcon in October 1970.

## InfoBox

| Ford Falcon (XW)
Ford Futura (XW)
Ford Fairmont (XW) | |
| --- | --- |
| Ford Falcon 500 Sedan (XW) | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford Australia |
| Production | June 1969 – October 1970 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Full-size car |
| Body style | 4 door sedan
5 door station wagon
2 door coupé utility
2 door van |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 3.1 L (188 CID) 6-cyl
3.6 L (221 CID) 6-cyl
4.9 L (302 CID) "small block" V8
5.8 L (351 CID) “Windsor" and "Cleveland" (in second series GT-HO) V8 " |
| Transmission | 3spd manual
4spd manual
3spd “Fordomatic” automatic
3spd “Cruisomatic” automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,819 mm (111.0 in) |
| Length | 4,689 mm (184.6 in) |
| Width | 1,869 mm (73.6 in) |
| Height | 1,417 mm (55.8 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,348 kg (2,971.8 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Ford Falcon (XT) |
| Successor | Ford Falcon (XY) |


title: Eva Katherine Clapp

abstract: Eva Katherine Clapp was an American writer of novels, short stories, and poems. She is best known for her novel Zauberlinda the Wise Witch (1901), which took inspiration from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) by L. Frank Baum. She survived the Iroquois Theatre fire in 1903.

text:
# Eva Katherine Clapp

**Eva Katherine Clapp** (after marriage, **Eva Katherine Gibson**; August 10, 1857  March 6, 1916) was an American writer of novels, short stories, and poems. She is best known for her novel *Zauberlinda the Wise Witch* (1901), which took inspiration from *The Wonderful Wizard of Oz* (1900) by L. Frank Baum. She survived the Iroquois Theatre fire in 1903.

## Early life and education

Clapp was born in Bradford, Illinois, August 10, 1857. Her father removed from Western Massachusetts and purchased a section of the best farming land in the state. There, he built a log house and his children were born here. Clapp's paternal grandmother was Lucy Lee, who was a direct descendant, on her father's side, from Pocahontas. Her mother was Ann Ely, from Litchfield, Connecticut, a direct descendant from Lady Alice Fenwick, a romantic figure in colonial times, of Old Lyme, Connecticut. Clapp passed the first 11 years of her life on her father's farm. After her mother's death, when she was 11, she lived with a married sister. She attended school at Amboy, Illinois, at the Dover Academy, and subsequently at the Milwaukee Female College. When she was about 16 years, she visited for a time in the large eastern cities, and subsequently taught school in Western Massachusetts.

## Career

Clapp started writing at an early age and her writings were characterized by a high moral tone. Her first story, written when she was 20 years old, was a novel entitled *Her Bright Future*, drawn largely from life. Some 30,000 copies were sold. This was followed by a *A Lucky Mishap* and *Mismated*, which reached a sale of about 10,000 copies. *A Woman's Triumph*, and a serial first published in one of the Chicago dailies as "Tragedies of Prairie Life," and subsequently published in book form as a *A Dark Secret* followed. She wrote many short stories and sketches, and did considerable editorial work. "Her Bright Future" was a sermon on the evil of intemperance, while "Mismated" presents the errors in our social system which its title indicates.

Clapp's poems had a wide circulation. They appeared in the *Chicago Current*, the *Interior*, the *Chicago Times*, the *Chicago Tribune*, the *Inter Ocean*, and the *Boston Budget*. She wrote regularly for the *Boston Transcript*, and the *Register*, of Berlin, Germany. Her poems were compiled for publication in book form, under the title, *Songs of Red Rose Land*.

Clapp married Dr. C. B. Gibson of Chicago, in 1892, and spent a year in Europe, where she made a study of the literature of Germany and France. In 1900, she was writing for the *New Bohemian* magazine of Cincinnati which was trying to appeal to Bohemians in Ohio.

Her 1901 book *Zauberlinda the Wise Witch* is available as an audio book. She published this story under her second married name.

## Personal life

On December 30, 1903, she was lucky to escape with just "bad burns" in the Iroquois Theatre fire that killed more than 600 people. The fire consumed the Iroquoi Theatre in Chicago. She had been sitting in the fifth row when there was a fire on stage and the safety curtain failed to fall and protect the audience. At least 602 were killed and the theater was consumed. She died in 1916.

## Selected works

* *A Lucky Mishap: A Novel* (1883)
* *Her Bright Future: A Story of Today* (1883)
* *A Woman's Triumph: A True Story of Western Life* (1885)
* *A Dark Secret* (1889)
* *Zauberlinda, the Wise Witch* (1901)
* *The Women of Liege* (1914)

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Eva Katherine Clapp | |
| --- | --- |
| *A Woman of the Century* | |
| Born | (1857-08-10)August 10, 1857<br>Bradford, Illinois |
| Died | March 6, 1916 |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Alma mater | Milwaukee Female College |
| Notable works | Zauberlinda the Wise Witch (1901) |
| Spouse | C. B. Gibson of Chicago  (m. 1892) |


title: No. 1453 Flight RAF

abstract: Number 1453 (Turbinlite) Flight RAF was an independent flight of the Royal Air Force (RAF), first formed in 1941 as a night-fighter unit at RAF Wittering, equipped with Douglas Turbinlite Havoc aircraft. In the 1950s, the flight was briefly resurrected as an early warning flight, and during the 1980s, it was employed as a ground attack and air defence unit on the Falkland Islands.

text:
# No. 1453 Flight RAF

**Number 1453 (Turbinlite) Flight RAF** was an independent flight of the Royal Air Force (RAF), first formed in 1941 as a night-fighter unit at RAF Wittering, equipped with Douglas Turbinlite Havoc aircraft. In the 1950s, the flight was briefly resurrected as an early warning flight, and during the 1980s, it was employed as a ground attack and air defence unit on the Falkland Islands.

## History

### 1453 Flt and the Turbinlite Havocs

After the fall of France in 1940, outstanding contracts for Douglas DB-7 and DB-7A medium bomber aircraft were appropriated by the British Purchasing Commission. The relatively low availability of aircraft, and the good performance of the DB-7/A, named Havoc in UK service, made them suitable for use as intruders and night-fighters.

Thirty-one of the DB-7's (Havoc I) were converted to carry the 2,700 million candela (2.7Gcd) Helmore Turbinlite searchlight in the nose, as well as Airborne Interception Mk.IV (A.I. Mk.IV) radar. These aircraft were to operate in conjunction with Hawker Hurricane night fighters, illuminating the targets after tracking them with the radar, for the Hurricane fighters to despatch.

**1453 (Turbinlite) Flight** was one of the flights, formed on 10 July 1941, especially to use the Turbinlite Havoc operating in conjunction with Hawker Hurricanes of No. 151 Squadron RAF and No. 486 Squadron RNZAF, also housed, like 1453 Flt, at RAF Wittering

Thirty-nine DB-7A's (Havoc II) were also converted to use the Turbinlite searchlights, and these also saw service with the Turbinlite flights and the squadrons formed from the flights from 2 September 1942, 1453 Flt becoming No. 532 Squadron RAF (532 Sqn) on 8 September 1942 (not on 2 September due to administrative reasons) and the flight officially disbanded as late as 31 January 1943.

Results of the combined operations were not spectacular, (only one confirmed kill with 31 aircraft lost), but valuable experience in the use of the A.I. (Airborne interception) radar was gained. The Helmore Turbinlite was also evaluated as an anti-submarine attack searchlight, but the Leigh Light was found to be superior.

### AEW Neptunes at RAF Kinloss

On 1 November 1952, four Lockheed Neptune MR Mk.1 aircraft (registrations WX547, WX499, WX500, and WX501) formed the complement of Vanguard Flight of Fighter Command at RAF Kinloss, to research and develop tactics for use by Airborne Early Warning aircraft.

### RAF Topcliffe

Disbanded on 5 June 1953, the four Neptune aircraft of Vanguard Flight became the re-formed **1453 (Early Warning) Flight** at RAF Topcliffe in Yorkshire. Despite their innocuous public role, the Neptunes of 1453 Flight retained the full armament of the P2V-5 variant with nose, dorsal and tail turrets.

Details of 1453 Flight's operations are few and far between, leading to speculation that they may have been involved in highly classified reconnaissance missions over or near Eastern Bloc countries (more info / evidence required), similar to the US Navy's Martin P4M Mercator ELINT (ELectronic INTelligence) aircraft, and the 'Ghost' North American RB-45 Tornado's that flew with RAF crews and markings from RAF Sculthorpe, over eastern Europe to provide radar images of potential targets for RAF and Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombers.

Neptune flying at RAF Topcliffe continued until 1453 (Airborne Early Warning) Flight was disbanded on 30 June 1956.

### RAF Stanley, Falkland Islands

After the qualified success of RAF Harrier operations in the Falklands conflict, a detachment of six Harrier GR.3A's was established at Stanley airport, which became RAF Stanley, part of BFFI (British Forces Falkland Islands). As the rudimentary facilities at RAF Stanley improved, Harrier Detachment (HarDet) Stanley was made autonomous with the formation of **1453 (Tactical Ground Attack) Flight**, operating from a Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (MEXE) pad apron by the side of the runway at the extreme western end. Later, semi-permanent facilities were constructed, with Portakabin offices and RUBB hangars, during the extension and reinforcement of the runway.

The Harriers were tasked initially with mostly air defence of the Falklands garrison. After the arrival of No. 29 Squadron RAF, with their McDonnell-Douglas/Hawker-Siddeley F-4M Phantom FGR.2's from Ascension Island in October 1982, 1453 flight's mission was focused more on ground attack missions, but supplying a back-up quick reaction alert (QRA) in daylight hours.

Operations at RAF Stanley were challenging, with makeshift accommodation, few asphalt roads, army discipline, extreme weather, long supply lines, lacklustre catering supplies (e.g. several weeks with nothing but spinach and beetroot for vegetables), not to mention the close proximity of unclearable minefields, and danger of unexploded ordnance.

The Harriers of 1453 Flight continued flying at Stanley until June 1985, when the new airport / airbase at RAF Mount Pleasant was opened, after which 1453 Flight disbanded and the Harriers were returned to the UK, leaving the air defence of the Falkland Islands to the Phantoms of 23 Squadron which had relieved 29 Squadron in October 1983.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 1453 Flight RAF
| from | to | aircraft | version |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 July 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.I (Turbinlite) |
| 10 July 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.I |
| 10 July 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Boston | Mk.II |
| 10 July 1941 | 8 September 1942 | Douglas Boston | Mk.III (Turbinlite) |
| 5 June 1953 | 30 June 1956 | Lockheed Neptune | MR.1 |
| 20 August 1983 | June 1985 | Hawker-Siddeley Harrier | GR.3A |

## Flight bases

Bases and airfields used by no. 1453 Flight RAF
| from | to | base | remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 July 1941 | 8 September 1942 | RAF Wittering, Cambridgeshire | Det. at RAF Hibaldstow, Lincolnshire |
| 5 June 1953 | 30 June 1956 | RAF Topcliffe, Yorkshire |  |
| 20 August 1983 | June 1985 | RAF Stanley, Falkland Islands |  |

Notes Bibliography  * Braybrook, Roy with Michael Rolfe, Terry Hadler and Mike Chappell. *Battle for the Falklands \[3\]: Air Forces (Osprey – Men-at-arms 135)*. Botley, Oxfordshire, UK: Osprey, 1982. ISBN 0-85045-493-X.
* Burden, Rodney A. and Michael A. Draper (eds.). *Falklands – The Air War*. London: Arms & Armour Press, 1986. ISBN 0-85368-842-7.
* Davies, Peter E. and Anthony M. Thornborough. *The Harrier Story*. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-357-5.
* Delve, Ken. *The Source Book of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
* Ethell, Jeffery and Alfred Price. *Air War South Atlantic*. London: Sidgwick & Jackson,
* Halley, James J. *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second edition 2001). ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Lake, Alan. *Flying Units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
* Price, Alfred. *Harrier at War*. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1984. ISBN 0-7110-1441-8.
* Rawlings, John D.R. *Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald & Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1969 (2nd edition 1976, reprinted 1978). ISBN 0-354-01028-X.
* Sturtivant, Ray, ISO and John Hamlin. *RAF Flying Training And Support Units since 1912*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2007. ISBN 0-85130-365-X.

## InfoBox

| No. 1453 Flight RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| 'L' for Lima, on the pan at RAF Stanley | |
| Active | 10 Jul 1941 – 2 Sep 1942
5 Jun 1953 – 30 Jun 1956
20 Aug 1983 – Jun 1985 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Night Fighter (Turbinlite)
Airborne Early Warning (ELINT?)
Ground Attack / Air Defence |
| Part of | No. 12 Group RAF, Fighter Command (1941–1942) |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | no known badge |
| Squadron codes | no known identification code for the flight is known to have been carried |