title: WAT (album)

abstract: WAT is the sixth studio album by Slovenian music group Laibach, released September 8, 2003. The CD included a bonus video of "Tanz mit Laibach" and the vinyl LP and promo CD "Reject or Breed". The album title is an acronym for "We Are Time" as the title track reveals. "The point of WAT is not what Laibach is, or what it wants, but what you are and where you stand".

text:
# WAT (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***WAT*** is the sixth studio album by Slovenian music group Laibach, released September 8, 2003.

The CD included a bonus video of "Tanz mit Laibach" and the vinyl LP and promo CD "Reject or Breed".

The album title is an acronym for "We Are Time" as the title track reveals.

"The point of WAT is not what Laibach is, or what it wants, but what you are and where you stand".

## CD track listing

1. "B Mashina" performed by Laibach / Tomi Meglič – 3:50 (83 BPM)
2. "Tanz mit Laibach" (Laibach/Meglič/Turk/Umek) – 4:19 (126 BPM)
3. "Du bist unser" (Laibach/Mlakar/Umek) – 5:38 (125 BPM)
4. "Achtung!" (Laibach/Mlakar/Turk) – 4:06 (127 BPM)
5. "Ende" (Laibach/Turk/Umek) – 3:45 (127 BPM)
6. "Now You Will Pay" (Laibach/Turk) – 6:07 (125 BPM)
7. "Hell: Symmetry" (Laibach/Turk) – 5:02 (115 BPM)
8. "Das Spiel ist aus" (Laibach/Turk) – 4:21 (130 BPM)
9. "Satanic Versus" (Laibach/Umek) – 4:52 (107 BPM)
10. "The Great Divide" (Laibach/Turk) – 5:11 (100 BPM)
11. "WAT" (Avsenik/Laibach/Turk/Umek) – 5:33 (97 BPM)
12. "Anti-Semitism" (DJ Bizzy/DJ Dojaja/Laibach/Temponauta) – 5:39 (126 BPM)

## LP track listing

A:

1. "B Mashina" performed by Laibach / Tomi Meglič – 3:50
2. "Tanz mit Laibach" (Laibach/Meglič/Turk/Umek) – 4:19
3. "Du bist unser" (Laibach/Mlakar/Umek) – 5:38

B:

1. "Achtung!" (Laibach/Mlakar/Turk) – 4:06
2. "Ende" (Laibach/Turk/Umek) – 3:45
3. "Reject or Breed" (Laibach/Turk) – 4:07
4. "Satanic Versus" (Laibach/Umek) – 4:52

C:

1. "Now You Will Pay" (Laibach/Turk) – 6:07
2. "Hell: Symmetry" (Laibach/Turk) – 5:02
3. "Das Spiel ist aus" (Laibach/Turk) – 4:21

D:

1. "The Great Divide" (Laibach/Turk) – 5:11
2. "WAT" (Avsenik/Laibach/Turk/Umek) – 5:33
3. "Anti-Semitism" (DJ Bizzy/DJ Dojaja/Laibach/Temponauta) – 5:39

## InfoBox

| WAT | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Laibach | |
| Released | September 8, 2003 |
| Genre | Post-industrial, electro-industrial, EBM |
| Length | 58:23 (CD version),
62:27 (2LP version) |
| Label | Mute |
| Producer | Iztok Turk & Laibach |
| Laibach chronology | |
| *The John Peel Sessions*
(2002) ***WAT***
(2003) *Anthems*
(2004) | |


title: Metanastria hyrtaca

abstract: Metanastria hyrtaca, called the hairy caterpillar as a larva, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1782. It is found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Metanastria hyrtaca

***Metanastria hyrtaca***, called the **hairy caterpillar** as a larva, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1782. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## Biology

The adult has a grayish head and thorax and a whitish abdomen. Forewings are brownish with a characteristic reddish-brown spot ringed with white. Hindwings are whitish. Larva yellowish brown with black spots and long lateral tufts of hairs. A reddish band is found in the neck region.

The caterpillar is a serious pest of many economically important crops such as cashew, badam, moringa, sapota, jamun, guava, Vachellia nilotica, *Shorea robusta*, *Schima wallichii*, *Nyctanthes arbor-tristis*, *Mimusops elengi* and *Madhuca longifolia.*

## InfoBox

| *Metanastria hyrtaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Caterpillar in Sri Lanka | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lasiocampidae |
| Genus: | *Metanastria* |
| Species: | ***M. hyrtaca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metanastria hyrtaca***<br>Cramer, 1782 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phalaena hyrtaca* Cramer, 1779 * *Bombyx lusca* Fabricius, 1787 * *Lebeda repanda* Walker, 1855 * *Metanastria laricis* Hübner, 1789 | |


title: Time of the Great Freeze

abstract: Time of the Great Freeze is a science fiction novel by American author Robert Silverberg, first published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1964. The novel concerns a group of explorers, living in an underground city somewhere in North America three hundred years after an environmental catastrophe has triggered a new Ice Age. They decide to leave their haven after making contact with London via radio transmissions. Once on the surface, they set out across the mostly frozen wasteland of North America, and eventually across the icy surface of the Atlantic Ocean, and along the way encounter descendants of survivors of the original catastrophe who were unable to seek refuge underground.

text:
# Time of the Great Freeze

***Time of the Great Freeze*** is a science fiction novel by American author Robert Silverberg, first published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1964. The novel concerns a group of explorers, living in an underground city somewhere in North America three hundred years after an environmental catastrophe has triggered a new Ice Age. They decide to leave their haven after making contact with London via radio transmissions. Once on the surface, they set out across the mostly frozen wasteland of North America, and eventually across the icy surface of the Atlantic Ocean, and along the way encounter descendants of survivors of the original catastrophe who were unable to seek refuge underground.


title: Farrandsville, Pennsylvania

abstract: Farrandsville is an unincorporated community in Colebrook Township in Clinton County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is on the north side of the West Branch Susquehanna River, approximately 4 miles (6 km) upstream from Lock Haven at the northern end of Farrandsville Road. Whisky Run and Lick Run flow through Farrandsville.

text:
# Farrandsville, Pennsylvania

**Farrandsville** is an unincorporated community in Colebrook Township in Clinton County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is on the north side of the West Branch Susquehanna River, approximately 4 miles (6 km) upstream from Lock Haven at the northern end of Farrandsville Road. Whisky Run and Lick Run flow through Farrandsville.

## History

The community was named for William P. Farrand, a representative of the Lycoming Coal Company. He founded the village in 1832. Two years later, the West Branch Canal was completed to Farrandsville, giving the village access to supplies and markets by canal boat. The village became the northern terminus of the canal, which was never extended further upstream. During this era, a steamboat named *Farrand* operated on the West Branch Susquehanna River on the pool of water behind the Dunnstown Dam at Lock Haven. It made regular trips as far upstream as Farrandsville.

In 1836, a group of investors from Boston financed construction of a blast furnace at the village site. Completed in 1837, the Farrandsville Iron Furnace, 43 feet (13 m) square at the base and 54 feet (16 m) high, was one of the largest such furnaces in the United States. Coke made from bituminous coal from a nearby mine fueled the furnace, which used hot blast technology that was new at the time. The furnace produced 50 short tons (45 ) of iron a week, second only to the Lonaconing Furnace in Maryland.

Although supplied with local coal, the furnace was more than 100 miles (160 km) by canal from the nearest iron ore, in Columbia County. The cost of obtaining ore as well as limestone needed during the smelting process was high. This cost, combined with lower income during the Panic of 1837, led to closure of the furnace in 1838.

Despite the furnace shutdown, other industries thrived in Farrandsville through the first decades of the 20th century. Businesses included a fire brick company, a cigar company, and lumber mills. Harbison-Walker Refractories Company of Pittsburgh bought the brickworks in 1902 and continued operations there until 1925. In 1951, the company gave the iron furnace to the Clinton County Historical Society.

## InfoBox

| Farrandsville, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| The Farrandsville Furnace in 2012 | |
| Farrandsville | |
| Coordinates: 41°10′30″N 77°30′45″W / 41.17500°N 77.51250°W / 41.17500; -77.51250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Clinton |
| Township | Colebrook |
| Elevation | 587 ft (179 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP | 17745 |
| Area code | 570 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1192450 |


title: Mathew D. McCubbins

abstract: Mathew Daniel McCubbins was the Ruth F. De Varney Professor of Political Science and professor of law, in the Department of Political Science and School of Law at Duke University.

text:
# Mathew D. McCubbins

**Mathew Daniel McCubbins** (8 December 1956 – 1 July 2021) was the Ruth F. De Varney Professor of Political Science and professor of law, in the Department of Political Science and School of Law at Duke University.

## Education

McCubbins received a B.A. in political science from University of California, Irvine and an M.S. and Ph.D. in social science from the California Institute of Technology.

## Academic career

McCubbins was a professor at the University of Texas, Stanford University, University of San Diego Law School, and Washington University in St. Louis. McCubbins spent a majority of his career as a distinguished professor and Chancellor's Associates Chair in the Department of Political Science and in the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego. He was an adjunct professor of law at the Gould School of Law at the University of Southern California and Co-Director of the USC - California Institute of Technology Center for the Study of Law and Politics (CSLP) from 2007 to 2010, when he moved to USC to become a Provost Professor of Business, Law, and Political Economy and director of CSLP. Since July 1, 2013 he has been a Professor of Political Science and Law at Duke University and from July 2014 until his death, he was the Ruth F. De Varney Professor of Political Science, professor of law, and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and the Rule of Law at the Duke Law School, Duke University, Durham, NC.

In 1994-95, McCubbins was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and for AY 2013 - 14 he was a W. Glenn Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell National Fellow and the Robert Eckles Swain National Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

## Research

McCubbins, who also wrote under the pseudonym McNollgast, with Roger G Noll and Barry R Weingast, is perhaps best known for his work on the actions of legislatures. He put forth the argument that legislative majorities control the veto gates in the legislature which allows them to block unfavorable bills and, thus, allows them to decide what gets voted on and what doesn't. He has also argued that legislatures enact administrative procedure as an instrument of political control. Administrative procedure can be used to stack the deck in terms of who is likely to win and who is likely to lose in rulemaking. McCubbins also argued that legislatures rely on "fire-alarm" oversight, which devolves some of the oversight costs to citizens, rather than through the much less efficient, "police-patrol oversight," wherein legislators hold hearings to acquire information. The trick is how lawmakers can use administrative procedure to establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for citizens to be willing and able to oversee agency rulemaking and to bring agency malfeasance to the attention of lawmakers. A consequence of this widespread use of these tools, he argued, is that Congress has much more power over agency action that is often argued.

He has also studied political communication at its most basic level through use of experiments, by deriving and testing the necessary and sufficient conditions whereby one individual will listen to, trust, be persuaded by, and learn from another individual, and thus when, in turn, they will be able to use what they learn to make reasoned decisions. His most recent experiments have explored the limits of game theory as a tool for understanding cognition. He has also studied group decision making, modeling the interaction as a network, and showing through a set of novel experiments that networks aid the ability of groups to successfully undertake tasks when network interactions are cheap, tasks are easy, network participants share common interest in the outcome, participants have sufficient information about how their and others' actions affect outcomes on the network, or the network participants are highly connected. In these latter experiments, McCubbins again examines how the structure of institutions, such as those defined by administrative procedure or by contracts, affects the information environment and thus affects the ability of people to undertake collective action. He has also argued that while groups can propose and enact popular initiatives and referendums, they only infrequently have the ability to oversee the implementation of policies enacted through direct initiatives and thus direct initiatives rarely affect policy and thus only rarely affect what the legislature would otherwise enact. McCubbins has demonstrated the ineffectiveness of tax and expenditure limitations or TELs.

## Other Academic Achievements

McCubbins served for eight years as co-editor of *The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization*. Until his death, he was a co-editor of the *Journal of Legal Analysis* and the *Journal of Public Policy*. He has served on the editorial boards of *Economics and Politics* and *Legislative Studies Quarterly,* and *Public Choice*, among others. He was one of the key organizers for the Behavioral, Social, and Computer Sciences Seminar Series at UC San Diego.

He also served for nine years on the board of Directors for the Society for Empirical Legal Studies, and was the co-President of the Society in 2009 and 2016. He was the co-creator and co-network director for the Political Science Network within the Social Science Research Network and helped to found the Cognitive Science Network at SSRN.

## Awards

McCubbins was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001 and was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2011). He received the *2008 Chancellor's Associates Faculty Excellence Award for Graduate Teaching*. McCubbins was selected as the 2008-2009 UCSD Faculty Research Lecturer. At Duke University, he was awarded the Thomas Langford Lectureship Award for the academic year 2013-14. With D. Roderick Kiewiet, McCubbins was awarded the American Political Science Association's (APSA) 1992 Gladys M. Kammerer Award for *The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process*. For his books with Gary W. Cox, he received the APSA Legislative Studies Section's 1994 Richard F. Fenno Jr. Prize for *Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House;* and the APSA 2005 Leon Epstein Award for *Setting the Agenda: Responsible Party Government in the US House of Representatives.* He was also awarded the 2016 MPSA Herbert A. Simon Award, "recognizing significant contributions to the scientific study of the bureaucracy." He has won several other awards for his articles and undergraduate teaching.

## Books


title: Theophilus Parsons (professor)

abstract: Theophilus Parsons (1797–1882) was Dane Professor of Law at Harvard from 1848 to 1870. Parsons is remembered chiefly as the author of a series of useful legal treatises and some books in support of Swedenborgian doctrines. In 1824, he took a position as editor of the new United States Literary Gazette. He wrote a biography of his father, an American jurist who was also named Theophilus Parsons (1749–1813). It was published in Boston in 1859. He also edited and published the Civil War letters of his daughter, Emily Elizabeth Parsons, a nurse and administrator of Benton Barracks military hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated from Harvard College in 1815.

text:
# Theophilus Parsons (professor)

**Theophilus Parsons** (1797–1882) was Dane Professor of Law at Harvard from 1848 to 1870.

Parsons is remembered chiefly as the author of a series of useful legal treatises and some books in support of Swedenborgian doctrines. In 1824, he took a position as editor of the new *United States Literary Gazette*. He wrote a biography of his father, an American jurist who was also named Theophilus Parsons (1749–1813). It was published in Boston in 1859. He also edited and published the Civil War letters of his daughter, Emily Elizabeth Parsons, a nurse and administrator of Benton Barracks military hospital in St. Louis, Missouri.

He graduated from Harvard College in 1815.

## Works

## InfoBox

| Theophilus Parsons | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1797 |
| Died | 1882 (1883) (aged 85) |
| Education | Harvard College (1815) |
| Children | Emily Elizabeth Parsons |
| Father | Theophilus Parsons |
|  | |
|  | |
| Dane Professor of Law at Harvard Law School | |
| **In office**<br>1848–1870 | |
| Succeeded by | Christopher Columbus Langdell |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Thiruppanandal Adheenam

abstract: The Thiruppanandal Adheenam is a Saivite monastic institution based in the town of Thiruppanandal in Tamil Nadu, India. As of 2003, the Thiruppanandal Adheenam was one of the biggest landowning agencies in Thanjavur district. It is one of largest land managing agency.

text:
# Thiruppanandal Adheenam

The **Thiruppanandal Adheenam** is a Saivite monastic institution based in the town of Thiruppanandal in Tamil Nadu, India. As of 2003, the Thiruppanandal Adheenam was one of the biggest landowning agencies in Thanjavur district. It is one of largest land managing agency.

## Activities

The Adheenam is involved in publishing Saivite literature, specifically *Thevaram* and *Tiruvasakam* and its translations. It is also involved in literary scholarship. The Adheenam along with Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam and Dharmapuram Adheenam were founded during the 16th century to spread the ideology of Saiva Sidhantam.


title: Thelosia camina

abstract: Thelosia camina is a moth in the family Apatelodidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in Brazil (Parana). The wingspan is about 38 mm. The forewings are fawn, finely speckled with brown. The hindwings are brownish at the base, but fawn on the outer portion.

text:
# Thelosia camina

***Thelosia camina*** is a moth in the family Apatelodidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in Brazil (Parana).

The wingspan is about 38 mm. The forewings are fawn, finely speckled with brown. The hindwings are brownish at the base, but fawn on the outer portion.

## InfoBox

| *Thelosia camina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Apatelodidae |
| Genus: | *Thelosia* |
| Species: | ***T. camina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thelosia camina***<br>Schaus, 1896 | |
|


title: Francis George Atkinson

abstract: Francis George Atkinson was the first district officer in Jesselton at British North Borneo.

text:
# Francis George Atkinson

**Francis George Atkinson** (1874 – 6 December 1902) was the first district officer in Jesselton at British North Borneo.

## Life and career

Atkinson was the second son of the Rev. F. H. Atkinson of Jersey and Mrs Mary Edith Atkinson. He was born in 1874 and educated at Victoria College, Jersey (Channel Islands).

After experiencing some time in Australia, he joined the Borneo service in March 1898 and was appointed to be District Officer, Jesselton in January 1901. Mr. Atkinson was popular among the government and his colleagues. He was fondly known as "West Coast Atky"

## Death

Following an attack of malaria fever on 4 December, Atkinson suffered a heart failure and died in Jesselton on 6 December at the age of 28. His death in December 1902 was officially announced in The Straits Times newspaper on 10 January 1903. The British North Borneo Herald pays the following tribute to his memory:

> By the death of Mr. Atkinson the Government is robbed of one of its best officials and each member of the service loses a friend and companion; for everyone knew "West Coast Atky" and all loved him.
>
> Amongst the Juniors of the service service – and, like those whom the gods love, he died young, – Mr. Atkinson was regarded with a species of hero worship, as the mainliest of them all, and his fine physique and handsome presence were their pride and admiration.
>
> It is no mere assertion to say he had no enemies, and it is equally true that he was the most popular official in the service.
>
> Like most physically strong men his good temper and generosity of heart were proverbial and many a time has his heavy hand been stayed by dint of those good qualities from punishing the evil-doer.

His mother Mrs Mary Edith Atkinson had presented a two-faced clock to Jesselton town as a tribute to the memory of her son and it was decided later that a clock tower would be built in his honor. The Atkinson Clock Tower was commissioned on 20 April 1905.

## InfoBox

| Francis George Atkinson | |
| --- | --- |
| Francis G Atkinson | |
| Born | 1874
Victoria College, Jersey (Channel Islands) |
| Died | 6 December 1902
British North Borneo |
| Occupation | First District Officer in Jesselton |
| Known for | Atkinson Clock Tower |


title: This Is Us season 3

abstract: The third season of the American television series This Is Us continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018 and concluded on April 2, 2019. The season consisted of 18 episodes.

text:
# This Is Us season 3

The third season of the American television series *This Is Us* continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners.

A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross.

The third season premiered on September 25, 2018 and concluded on April 2, 2019. The season consisted of 18 episodes.

## Cast and characters

### Main

### Recurring

### Guest

## Episodes

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 37 | 1 | "Nine Bucks" | Ken Olin | Dan Fogelman & Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger | September 25, 2018 (2018-09-25) | 3AZC01 | 10.54 |
| The night Jack meets Rebecca, he has only nine dollars. As Franco Harris completes the Immaculate Reception, Jack takes Rebecca to a carnival. After it rains, he admits he could not afford an umbrella and that his life has been unstable since coming home from serving in Vietnam. Rebecca recounts their incompatibilities and the date's shortcomings but, because of "the way he looks at her," she kisses him and agrees to another date. Jack later sees another man giving her flowers and kissing her.
In the present, Deja rebukes Randall for trying too hard to equate their experiences. She confronts her biological father and allows Randall and Beth to begin the adoption process. Kevin and Zoe are sleeping together; Beth believes Zoe uses men and will hurt Kevin, but fails to dissuade his romantic interest in Zoe. Dr. Jasper, a fertility specialist, declines Kate as a patient because of her risk factors, but is moved by her case and reconsiders; Kate and Toby pursue treatment, despite a 90% chance of failure. Toby throws away his antidepressants because they decrease his sperm count. In the future, Randall and Tess prepare to "go see her." Randall calls Toby, who uncertainly agrees to join them. | | | | | | | |
| 38 | 2 | "A Philadelphia Story" | Chris Koch | Kay Oyegun | October 2, 2018 (2018-10-02) | 3AZC02 | 8.87 |
| After Jack's death, the Pearsons look for a new home. Kevin is frequently drunk; Kate gains weight and never completed her Berklee application; Randall criticizes Rebecca for not stepping up. She admits she barely has the energy to get out of bed and wonders what would have happened if she had agreed to buy the house Jack showed her months before the fire. Randall is accepted to Howard, but turns it down because his family needs him. In the present, Randall tries to effect repairs on a recreation center near his Philadelphia building; William's friend ChiChi tells Randall that focusing on the community's problems does not make him part of the community.
Kevin's film premieres; Zoe skips it to work on her documentary in Chicago, but asks him to pick her up when she returns. Rebecca criticizes Kate and Toby's decision to try IVF; Toby rages at Rebecca, then leaves for hours. Rebecca administers Kate's hormone shot; after losing Jack, Rebecca cannot bear the thought of her children suffering harm. Rebecca believes Kate will have children. Kate questions Toby's mood swings. Randall is hurt to learn Kate called herself the only sibling able to "carry on a piece of Jack." | | | | | | | |
| 39 | 3 | "Katie Girls" | Rebecca Asher | Julia Brownell | October 9, 2018 (2018-10-09) | 3AZC03 | 8.91 |
| As a child, Rebecca disdains the role of housewife. The day she and Jack have planned to have their second date, her high-school boyfriend Alan arrives, three years after she declined his invitation to move to London. Jack returns home; he and his mother leave Jack's emotionally abusive father. Rebecca agrees to relocate to New York City with Alan, but confides in his mother that she has feelings for someone else. Rebecca goes to see Jack; as he washes dishes, she helps him and suggests they drive to Los Angeles together. In the present, the Pearsons love Kevin's film.
Randall and Kate argue over her comment; he flies to LA to apologize and support her. Kate's egg extraction is an eightfold success; while under anesthesia, she envisions a conversation with her teenage and child selves and Jack, affirming her confidence in her future. Beth is laid off. After ChiChi's daughter Skye is injured in a mugging, Randall decides to run for city council. During an interview about his movie, Kevin realizes he knows nothing about Jack's military service; with Zoe's support, he reaches out to a man who served with Jack. | | | | | | | |
| 40 | 4 | "Vietnam" | Ken Olin | Dan Fogelman & Tim O'Brien | October 16, 2018 (2018-10-16) | 3AZC05 | 8.92 |
| Jack and Nick's youth is shown in reverse-chronological order. When Nick is born, Jack's father is a supportive non-drinker whose own father is emotionally distant. Nick is born at 11:58 pm on October 18; Jack's father exhorts him to protect Nick. Jack believes seven-year-old Nick can be heroic. Nick stands up to their abusive father; Jack supports Nick and experiences tachycardia. When Nick is twenty-one, October 18 receives the fifth position in the first Vietnam War draft lottery. Jack plans to smuggle Nick into Canada, but Nick decides to prove himself by complying with the law.
The next year, Marilyn suffers physical abuse; in Vietnam, Nick is disciplined via Article 15 and believes he will die in the war. Receiving Nick's letter, Jack enlists, hoping to find him; the family doctor advises Jack on how to conceal his heart condition. The following year, Jack's platoon is ambushed; his friend Donnie Robinson survives the severing of his foot as Jack comforts him. They are given lighter duty, guarding a village near Nick's post. A supply helicopter takes Jack to reunite with a war-hardened Nick. | | | | | | | |
| 41 | 5 | "Toby" | Chris Koch | K.J. Steinberg | October 23, 2018 (2018-10-23) | 3AZC04 | 8.53 |
| In 1998, Randall skips prom after Allison's father rejects him because of his race. Sophie brings a drunk Kevin to Miguel's. Miguel buys Rebecca a piano and handles some home maintenance; he told Jack he would look out for the Pearsons if Jack died. Rebecca suggests Kate use music as an emotional release, but Kate is not ready. Young Toby suffers anxiety and depression; his humor helps his mother's depression. His mother and a therapist help him regain functionality after Josie leaves him.
In the present, Kate and Toby wait to hear if she is pregnant. Kate tells her impressed Adele-impersonation client that she abandons music when sad, derailing any singing career. Upon learning Kate is pregnant, Toby breaks down crying; Kate arranges for him to restart his medication. Randall's campaign event goes badly and he rethinks his goal. Beth tells Randall a job interview went well, but she actually lost her composure. In Baltimore, Donald Robinson tells Kevin that Jack was not a mechanic, but a combat sergeant who saved Donald's life. Zoe decides that Kevin is worth the stigma of an interracial relationship. Donald gives Kevin correspondence from Jack that includes a photograph of a Vietnamese woman wearing Jack's necklace. | | | | | | | |
| 42 | 6 | "Kamsahamnida" | John Fortenberry | Vera Herbert | October 30, 2018 (2018-10-30) | 3AZC06 | 8.88 |
| When the Big Three are young, Jack is injured boxing; Rebecca asks him to stop, but later supports it as a needed emotional outlet. To get closer to his father, Randall pretends he has been bullied, so Jack will teach him to box. In the present, Beth has an outburst, struggling with unemployment and her daughters' Girl Scout cookie sales. Randall fails to win over his rival's constituency at a black church, partially because he lives all the way in Alpine, New Jersey. Kevin leverages his South Korean fanbase to help Randall campaign in Koreatown.
A Korean-American man named Jae-won becomes Randall's campaign manager after previous skepticism. Deja encourages Beth to talk to Randall; Beth joins Randall's campaign. Rebecca reassures Kate that she will be able to figure out motherhood and that uncertainty is normal. Kate tells her family she is pregnant, but her announcement looms over Toby's depression. Toby begins to pick himself up; Kate promises Toby that her life has made her strong enough to support him. Zoe agrees to travel to Vietnam with Kevin, who believes Jack loved the woman in the photograph. | | | | | | | |
| 43 | 7 | "Sometimes" | Ken Olin | Bekah Brunstetter | November 13, 2018 (2018-11-13) | 3AZC07 | 8.47 |
| Serving in Vietnam, Jack wants a struggling Nick transferred to his unit, but commanding officer Major Dawson refuses because brothers are not normally assigned to serve together. A man named Bao transports Jack back to his base; Bao apparently participates in the manufacture of land mines and admits to "sometimes" being Viet Cong. At night, Jack sees the woman wearing the necklace; she runs away. Dawson gives Jack two weeks with Nick. Rebecca and Jack drive to Los Angeles for her singing audition. They are intimate, but Jack will not speak of his nightmares.
In LA, record executives call Rebecca "Pittsburgh good." In Reseda, Jack tells the Wattersons that he considers himself responsible for the death of their son, Roger aka "Squirrel." They absolve him of blame. Jack starts calling Rebecca, "Bec." Her singing brings him to tears, after he previously admitted he never cries. They agree to return home to Pittsburgh. In present-day Vietnam, Kevin tells a reserved Zoe he loves her and wants them to be open with each other, unlike his father's secrecy. Zoe admits her father sexually abused her, but decides not to let her father ruin her relationship with Kevin. Kevin learns the necklace is now mass produced. | | | | | | | |
| 44 | 8 | "Six Thanksgivings" | Catherine Hardwicke | Kevin Falls | November 20, 2018 (2018-11-20) | 3AZC08 | 7.91 |
| During the Vietnam War, Jack's unit celebrates Thanksgiving. Jack treats an injured boy whose mother gives Jack the necklace, but Nick refuses to assist; a villager betrayed Nick's first commander, resulting in his death. In 1997, Miguel spends Thanksgiving with the Pearsons and worries that his ex-wife is distancing their children from him. Randall writes a college essay about how loved ones and strangers can affect one's life. William and Jesse meet at a recovery group meeting. Jesse opens up to William, then joins him and other musicians for Thanksgiving. Jesse makes it clear to William that he is single.
In the present, Beth and Jae-won clash during a campaign event; Randall admits he has been siding with Beth, regardless of the merits of her ideas, to boost her morale. At Randall's house, Kate and Toby prepare Thanksgiving dinner. Kate supports Tess, who is having her first period; Tess also comes out as LGBT, but is not ready to tell her parents. Toby orders prepared food; Kate commends him for creating "magic" like Jack would have. Rebecca and Miguel visit Miguel's children, Amber and Andy; they have not been close to him, but they acknowledge his request that they respect Rebecca. | | | | | | | |
| 45 | 9 | "The Beginning Is the End Is the Beginning" | Ken Olin | Shukree Hassan Tilghman | November 27, 2018 (2018-11-27) | 3AZC09 | 8.98 |
| In the past, in Vietnam, Jack and Nicky come to blows and Nick abuses drugs. Nicky is obsessed with their "mission" to "kill." He disappears from camp and a boat explodes, apparently with an American aboard. In the present, Kevin and Zoe visit the village, but learn nothing about Jack or the woman. Their guide tells Kevin that Nicholas Pearson did not die in the Vietnam War; unbeknownst to them, Nicky is alive in Bradford, Pennsylvania.
Kate applies for a job as a chorus teacher; she is a good fit, but cannot be hired without a college degree. At Toby's instigation, she enrolls in community college. Overcoming their fears for the future, they learn the baby is a boy. Randall gives a charismatic debate performance, but Jae-won determines their polling shortfall is insurmountable. Tess tells her parents she may be gay. Deja wants to visit Shauna in Delaware. Beth retracts her support for Randall's campaign, but he reneges on his promise to grant her veto power; she forces him to sleep on the couch. In the future, Beth is a dance instructor. She and the other Pearsons are going to visit Rebecca. | | | | | | | |
| 46 | 10 | "The Last Seven Weeks" | Roxann Dawson | Laura Kenar | January 15, 2019 (2019-01-15) | 3AZC10 | 7.74 |
| On election night, the Pearsons wait for the results. The preceding seven weeks are depicted. Randall realizes his mistake; he spends time with his family and Beth decides the family should follow through on a Philadelphia church visit. Kevin asks Zoe to move in with him, which she does but without unpacking. While researching his uncle, Kevin learns Zoe dumped an ex via email; he fears she will leave him and they break up.
Late on election night, Zoe discloses how difficult it is for her to leave her comfort zone; they get back together. Zoe finally unpacks and finds a letter Nicky sent Jack. Kate and Toby sell some possessions to make room for a nursery, but Kate mistakenly sells Toby's original Star Wars action figures, which he intended to pass on to his child. They go after the buyer, but in vain; Kate buys replacements for Toby online and Toby gives Kate a handmade stadium, like the one Jack built for her that was lost in the fire. Randall gets a call that he won the election. | | | | | | | |
| 47 | 11 | "Songbird Road: Part One" | Chris Koch | Kevin Falls & Tim O'Brien | January 22, 2019 (2019-01-22) | 3AZC11 | 8.22 |
| Young Nicky hopes to become a doctor who owns a house and a boat. In Vietnam, a drug-intoxicated Nicky takes Lanh, the boy whose foot Jack treated, to go "fishing" with grenades; the boat explodes, killing Lanh. For years, Jack ignores postcards Nicky sends to his office. In 1992, Jack receives a postcard at home; after telling Kevin to correct, rather than repeat, Jack's mistakes, Jack visits Nicky at his trailer in Bradford. Jack tells Nicky to stop contacting him; Jack wants to forget the war. Nicky is haunted by the sight of Lanh's grieving mother.
Nicky gives Jack the old war photos; Jack shows Nicky a photograph of his family and leaves. In the present, Kevin tells Randall, Kate, and Rebecca about Nicky. Rebecca questions her decision to let Jack keep his secrets. The siblings drive to Bradford and meet Nicky. They tell him of Jack's death; Nicky tells them his story and sends them away. On the way out of town, Kevin decides they should not abandon Nicky like Jack did. Returning to the trailer, they find Nicky sitting with a gun, lamenting that he never told Jack the incident was an accident. | | | | | | | |
| 48 | 12 | "Songbird Road: Part Two" | Ken Olin | Julia Brownell | February 12, 2019 (2019-02-12) | 3AZC12 | 7.40 |
| In 1992, an emotionally drained Jack returns from seeing Nicky. Rebecca takes Jack's place to bring Kevin to a signing by Pirates player John Smiley and is touched when Smiley tells her that Kevin researched his future professional home of Minneapolis for him. At the house, Kate and Randall make a mess constructing Valentines; Jack loses his temper and destroys a plate, but apologizes and starts a sequin fight. In the present, the siblings bring Nicky to a hotel. Rebecca arrives and recalls the weekend Jack saw Nicky.
Before Kate flies out, she and Randall visit the house rebuilt where they lived. Kate realizes she doesn't remember Jack's anger, only the fun; Randall says that shows Jack was a good father and she will be a good mother, even though all parents have missteps. Nicky tells Rebecca a childhood memory of Jack and agrees to try a local veteran center's programs at least once. Rebecca commends Kevin for his effort, unaware he drank Nicky's alcohol while cleaning the trailer. | | | | | | | |
| 49 | 13 | "Our Little Island Girl" | Anne Fletcher | Eboni Freeman | February 19, 2019 (2019-02-19) | 3AZC13 | 7.55 |
| In the present, Beth and Zoe visit Carol after she bruises her hip at work as a high-school principal. They cannot convince her to retire. In the past, a young Beth gets accepted into a prestigious ballet academy and hopes to become a pioneering African-American principal dancer. Her parents, Abe and Carol Clarke, work longer hours to pay her tuition. Four years later, Beth is dedicated, but struggles to keep up. Abe dies of lung cancer, shortly after retelling Beth the story of how she danced before she walked. Beth confronts Carol over taking away her dream and accuses her of being emotionally disconnected.
The next day, Carol tells Beth that, after Abe died, she did lose that part of herself. Beth thanks Carol for helping her have a good life and Carol apologizes for taking away Beth's dream too quickly. When Beth didn't get a critical showcase solo, Carol stopped paying for her dancing and convinced Beth to attend college. Beth momentarily encounters a teenage Randall at a Carnegie Mellon University freshman mixer. Carol returns to work. Randall takes Beth to a dance studio, where she performs passionately and asks about becoming a teacher. | | | | | | | |
| 50 | 14 | "The Graduates" | Sarah Boyd | K.J. Steinberg & Danielle Bauman | March 5, 2019 (2019-03-05) | 3AZC14 | 7.82 |
| In 1982, toddlers Kate and Kevin soothe each other. In 1998, the Big Three graduate from high school. Kate, with no plans and upset that Kevin is moving to New York with Sophie, skips her graduation ceremony; Randall is his school's valedictorian. Rebecca has a panic attack over Jack's absence from the milestone; Miguel calms her. Miguel later takes Rebecca, in tears after watching old home movies, to a grief support group meeting. At a graduation party, Kate, Kevin, and Randall agree to stay in each other's lives.
In the present, Deja's teacher tells Randall that Deja, repeating seventh grade, is a gifted writer and is ready for high school; Deja, loving the family's stable routine, decides not to skip eighth grade. Beth loves teaching dance, but Randall asks her to defer teaching to spend more time with their daughters. Toby holds a graduation ceremony for Kate. Kevin leaves early to drink alone, lying to his family and Zoe. Kate confronts him and drives him to an AA meeting but, en route, her water breaks at 28 weeks. Kate is hospitalized and her labor is medically delayed; Kevin and Randall reassure her that her son will live. | | | | | | | |
| 51 | 15 | "The Waiting Room" | Kevin Hooks | Bekah Brunstetter | March 12, 2019 (2019-03-12) | 3AZC15 | 7.74 |
| In the hospital waiting room, tensions rise as the Pearsons wait for news on Kate and the baby. Randall and Beth bicker and cannot agree how best to obtain child care, especially after learning Rebecca and Miguel are considering relocating to California for Kate. Kevin is hostile to Madison, whom Miguel encourages to find her own way to support Kate; Madison later retrieves a Ruth Bader Ginsburg doll Kate bought as a gift for her baby. Zoe hears out Kevin's explanation of his behavior and indicates to Beth that she will stay with Kevin; Zoe later tells Beth that a water bottle Kevin obtained earlier actually contained vodka.
Miguel tries to keep everyone occupied and complains that he is marginalized within the family. Rebecca is disconnected and quiet until Kevin and Randall's arguing prompts an outburst; remembering her experience when Jack died, Rebecca banishes anything that isn't about Kate. Toby informs the family that Kate is okay, their son was born via caesarean section, and he is on a ventilator. Toby and Kate agree to name the baby Jack. Kate prays to her father for the baby's health and hopes that her son will have Justice Ginsburg's strength. | | | | | | | |
| 52 | 16 | "Don't Take My Sunshine Away" | George Tillman Jr. | Vera Herbert | March 19, 2019 (2019-03-19) | 3AZC16 | 7.64 |
| In 1992, the Big Three attend a school dance. Randall wants to study, but chaperones Jack and Rebecca insist he honor his commitment to escort Kate's friend Jessica. Kevin ropes a reluctant Sophie into a prank on the principal. Rebecca requests an old song to dance to with Jack, who never attended a dance.
In the present, Toby struggles to bond with hospitalized baby Jack. Toby only sees Jack's suffering, but Kate sees herself and Toby in him, inspiring Toby to hold the baby. Kevin and Zoe enter couples therapy. Kevin wants children, but Zoe does not. Kevin visits Sophie, who is engaged. She tells him his charm has spared him from difficult decisions. Kevin chooses a life with Zoe, even without children. Randall and Beth are exhausted by their new schedules. Randall asks Beth to skip an important work opportunity to accompany him to dinner with the city council president. Thinking Beth has stood him up, he leaves her an insulting phone message. Beth arrives and is gracious at dinner, despite having already received the message. She tells him to sleep at his office, but he confronts her and they close the bedroom door to have it out. | | | | | | | |
| 53 | 17 | "R & B" | Kevin Hooks | Kay Oyegun | March 26, 2019 (2019-03-26) | 3AZC17 | 7.63 |
| In 1998, Kevin coaches Randall to successfully ask Beth out. She is overwhelmed when he wears a suit and takes her to an upscale restaurant that discriminates against them; she asks him not to call her, but he privately believes they will marry. Seven years later, they are a couple, but Beth has declined Randall's repeated marriage proposals. Beth chafes that Randall's life "consumes" them. Rebecca tells Beth that Randall didn't know his place in the universe until he met her. Beth and Randall agree to be equals; she accepts his proposal. On their wedding day, they write their vows together.
After Tess's birth, Beth fears the couple's success always comes through Beth's sacrifices. After William and Kevin move in, Beth plans to secretly spend one night alone at a hotel, but returns home after Randall finds out and charms her. In the present, Beth confronts Randall over always catering to his whims; Randall remembers his parents' similar fight about Rebecca's singing. Beth blames Randall's mental health for limiting her opportunities, but immediately regrets it. Randall, with nothing else to say, returns to Philadelphia. Randall and Beth lie awake, Randall in his office and Beth on the bedroom floor. | | | | | | | |
| 54 | 18 | "Her" | Ken Olin | Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger | April 2, 2019 (2019-04-02) | 3AZC18 | 8.22 |
| During the Big Three's childhood, Rebecca crashes the car and is hospitalized. Randall is especially worried about her and Jack ultimately brings the children back to the hospital before dawn. To Jack, Rebecca is the family's "engine." In the present, Rebecca dominates Kate's conversations with healthcare professionals about baby Jack. Kate is frustrated, but ultimately admits that Rebecca was a great mom; Kate affirms she wants Jack to have Rebecca's "magic" in his life.
Kevin and Zoe babysit Tess and Annie. Kevin helps Tess understand that forming an identity is a lifelong process. Realizing that Kevin is meant to be a father, Zoe ends their relationship. Randall and Beth agree they want to find a way forward. Deja admonishes Randall for endangering the good fortune he has had in life. Randall tells Beth he will resign, but she decides the family will relocate to Philadelphia; they will sell the house and economize so she can open her own dance studio. In the future, the Pearson family—including a still-married Randall and Beth, adult Tess, Toby, young Jack (who is not shown onscreen), Kevin's preteen son, and Nicky—gathers at Kevin's home, where an elderly Rebecca is in failing health. | | | | | | | |

## Production

### Development

On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes.

### Casting

Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas and Ron Cephas Jones return from the second season as Jack Pearson, Rebecca Pearson, Randall Pearson, Kate Pearson, Kevin Pearson, Beth Pearson, Toby Damon, Miguel Rivas, and William H. Hill, respectively. Lyric Ross, who recurred as Deja throughout the second season, was subsequently promoted to the principal cast in the third season. In August 2018, Michael Angarano was cast to recur as Nick Pearson, Jack Pearson's brother; the character was first mentioned in the second season, and previously was depicted only briefly as a child. Melanie Liburd was promoted to series regular after guest starring in the second season as Zoe, Beth Pearson's cousin and Kevin Pearson's new love interest.

### Filming

Production on the season officially began on July 10, 2018, in Los Angeles.

## Reception

### Ratings

Viewership and ratings per episode of *This Is Us season 3*
| No. | Title | Air date | Rating/share
(18–49) | Viewers
(millions) | DVR
(18–49) | DVR viewers
(millions) | Total
(18–49) | Total viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Nine Bucks" | September 25, 2018 | 3.0/12 | 10.54 | 1.9 | 5.76 | 4.9 | 16.30 |
| 2 | "A Philadelphia Story" | October 2, 2018 | 2.4/9 | 8.87 | 1.9 | 5.68 | 4.3 | 14.55 |
| 3 | "Katie Girls" | October 9, 2018 | 2.3/9 | 8.91 | 1.9 | 5.68 | 4.2 | 14.59 |
| 4 | "Vietnam" | October 16, 2018 | 2.2/9 | 8.92 | 1.8 | 5.50 | 4.0 | 14.43 |
| 5 | "Toby" | October 23, 2018 | 2.1/8 | 8.53 | 1.8 | 5.50 | 3.9 | 14.03 |
| 6 | "Kamsahamnida" | October 30, 2018 | 2.1/9 | 8.88 | 1.7 | 5.15 | 3.8 | 14.03 |
| 7 | "Sometimes" | November 13, 2018 | 2.0/8 | 8.47 | 1.8 | 5.33 | 3.8 | 13.81 |
| 8 | "Six Thanksgivings" | November 20, 2018 | 1.8/8 | 7.91 | 2.0 | 6.10 | 3.8 | 14.01 |
| 9 | "The Beginning Is the End Is the Beginning" | November 27, 2018 | 2.1/9 | 8.98 | 1.7 | 5.16 | 3.8 | 14.14 |
| 10 | "The Last Seven Weeks" | January 15, 2019 | 2.0/8 | 7.74 | 1.8 | 5.50 | 3.8 | 13.24 |
| 11 | "Songbird Road (Part 1)" | January 22, 2019 | 1.9/8 | 8.22 | 1.8 | 5.50 | 3.7 | 13.72 |
| 12 | "Songbird Road (Part 2)" | February 12, 2019 | 1.7/7 | 7.40 | 1.7 | 5.42 | 3.5 | 12.82 |
| 13 | "Our Little Island Girl" | February 19, 2019 | 1.8/8 | 7.55 | 1.6 | 5.19 | 3.4 | 12.75 |
| 14 | "The Graduates" | March 5, 2019 | 1.7/7 | 7.82 | 1.8 | 5.66 | 3.5 | 13.48 |
| 15 | "The Waiting Room" | March 12, 2019 | 1.8/7 | 7.74 | 1.7 | 5.33 | 3.5 | 13.06 |
| 16 | "Don't Take My Sunshine Away" | March 19, 2019 | 1.7/7 | 7.64 | 1.7 | 5.21 | 3.4 | 12.86 |
| 17 | "R & B" | March 26, 2019 | 1.7/7 | 7.63 | 1.6 | 5.17 | 3.3 | 12.80 |
| 18 | "Her" | April 2, 2019 | 1.9/8 | 8.22 | 1.7 | 5.33 | 3.6 | 13.55 |

**General references**

## InfoBox

| *This Is Us* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 3 | |
| Promotional poster | |
| Starring |  |
| No. of episodes | 18 |
| Release | |
| Original network | NBC |
| Original release | September 25, 2018 (2018-09-25)
April 2, 2019 (2019-04-02) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Thick-billed longspur

abstract: The thick-billed longspur, also known as McCown's longspur, is a small ground-feeding bird in the family Calcariidae, which also contains the other longspurs and snow buntings. It is found in North America and is the only species in the genus Rhynchophanes.

text:
# Thick-billed longspur

The **thick-billed longspur**, also known as **McCown's longspur** (***Rhynchophanes mccownii***), is a small ground-feeding bird in the family Calcariidae, which also contains the other longspurs and snow buntings. It is found in North America and is the only species in the genus ***Rhynchophanes***.

## Taxonomy

The thick-billed longspur was described in 1851 by the American amateur ornithologist George Newbold Lawrence under the English name rufous-winged lark bunting. He placed it in the genus *Plectrophanes* and coined the binomial name *Plectrophanes mccownii*. It was moved into its own genus *Rhynchophanes* in 1858 by Spencer Baird on account of its bill size and short spur, but was moved to *Calcarius* after a hybrid with the chestnut-collared longspur was discovered. It was once again placed in its own genus after a 2003 genetic study found it was more closely related to the snow buntings than the other longspurs.

"McCown's longspur" is no longer used by the American Ornithological Society, instead being changed to "thick-billed longspur", a literal translation of its genus name, *Rhynchophanes*. The name change was announced after the most recent updates of the Clements and International Ornithological Congress taxonomies, the latter of which still uses "McCown's longspur". The IOC has followed suit with the name change.

The name "McCown" refers to Captain John P. McCown, an American army officer who collected the specimen in 1851 that led to the species first being scientifically described. McCown later fought for the Confederacy, which led to controversy starting in 2018, with parallels drawn to the removal of Confederate memorials. The pressure to change the name increased following the George Floyd protests and Black Birder's Week (itself a response to the Central Park birdwatching incident).

## Description

The thick-billed longspur is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long, has a wingspan of 28 cm (11 in) and weighs around 25 g (0.88 oz). It has a large cone-shaped bill, a streaked back, a rust-coloured shoulder and a white tail with a dark tip. In breeding plumage, the male has a white throat and underparts, a grey face and nape and a black crown. Breeding females are largely gray, with a pale bill and rusty tinged median coverts and scapulars. Non-breeding males are similar to females but with crowns spotted rather than streaked, and more chestnut on their median coverts and scapulars.

Juveniles are seen briefly in late summer and are more uniformly sandy, with a streaked upper breast and white belly.

## Distribution and habitat

Thick-billed longspurs breed in the northwestern Great Plains states and southern Prairie Provinces. They prefer the sparsely vegetated habitat of the semi-arid shortgrass steppes, which provide a mix of perennial shortgrasses and cacti. The breeding range of thick-billed longspurs has drastically reduced; historically, it stretched farther south into Oklahoma, and east into Minnesota and Manitoba.

Their non-breeding range stretches from south Oklahoma into Texas and Northern Mexico. Here, they prefer open habitats with sparse vegetation such as shortgrass prairie, plowed fields, grazed pastures and dried lake beds.

## Behavior

The male produces a distinctive tinkling song, often in flight. The calls include a dry rattle.

Nests are constructed in a shallow depression on the ground, and incubate the eggs for about 12 days. Both parents feed the young, and fledglings leave the nest about 10 days after hatching, before they can properly fly. Outside the breeding season, thick-billed longspurs occur in flocks, sometimes with other species like Lapland longspur and horned lark.

The diet consists of seeds and insects.

## Conservation

The numbers and range of these birds have declined since the early 1900s, likely due to habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| Thick-billed longspur | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Calcariidae |
| Genus: | *Rhynchophanes*
Baird, 1858 |
| Species: | ***R. mccownii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhynchophanes mccownii***
(Lawrence, 1851) | |
|
|  | |
| Breeding  Migration  Nonbreeding | |


title: Francesco Neffat

abstract: Francesco Neffat, was an antifascist, politician and blacksmith from Pula, who contributed to the liberation of Pula during World War 2, and to the annexation of Istria to Croatia. He was the first president of the Norodnog odbora of Pula from 1947 to 1954.

text:
# Francesco Neffat

**Francesco Neffat (Franjo Nefat)**, was an antifascist, politician and blacksmith from Pula, who contributed to the liberation of Pula during World War 2, and to the annexation of Istria to Croatia. He was the first president of the *Norodnog odbora* of Pula (Chief Executive of Pula) from 1947 to 1954.

## Biography

In 1924 Neffat entered the Italian Communist Youth Federation, the youth organization of the Communist Party of Italy, and in 1926 he entered the Communist Party of Italy; in the same year, on 1 May, he distributed leaflets and waved the red flag in the civic high school, now the Humanities Department of the University of Pula.

After spending two years in the Italian navy in La Spezia (from 1928 to 1930), he returned to Pula. Neffat refused to enroll in a fascist union, and thereafter had to change jobs frequently, even though he was a respected blacksmith. Between 1936 and 1938 he worked for the organization of a party in a cement factory in Pula, but was arrested when the police discovered the organization and the members of the KPI, who on May 28, 1938 distributed printed leaflets against solidarity with fascist Spain. Nefat was sentenced to 4 years in prison.

By profession a labor worker, after the fall of fascism in 1943 he entered the Yugoslav resistance. On 13 September 1943 he was among the signatories of the Pazin Declaration, drawn up by Monsignor Božo Milanović, which asked for the annexation of Istria to Yugoslavia and which was submitted to the Paris Peace Conference.

On May 5, 1945, the battle for Pula ended with the fall of Muzil, which was accelerated by two Pula citizens, the communist Romano Kumar and socialist Steno Califfi, who managed to find the pipes that supplied Muzil with water. Neffat entered the city together with the Yugoslav army and on 5 May he was appointed president of the CLN of Pola, holding the municipality of the city in the first period of Yugoslav administration. Neffat croatized his name into *Franjo Nefat*.

He maintained the administration of the city for a month and a half, until June 20, when it passed under the Anglo-American administration. On February 10, 1947, with the definitive passage of Pula to Yugoslavia, he returned as administrator of the city as President of the national council and held this position until 1954.

In 2012, the City of Pula dedicated a street to him.

## Sources

* Francesco Neffat, The political struggle in Pola, in: *1948 Almanac of the Italians of Istria and Fiume*, pp. 179 - 183, 1948, Pula

## InfoBox

| Francesco Neffat | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mayor of Pula | |
| **In office**
1947–1949 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Francesco Neffat
(1908-06-24)24 June 1908
Pula, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 25 January 1990(1990-01-25) (aged 83)
Pula, Yugoslavia |
| Political party | League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
|  | |


title: Francis Bacon (cricketer)

abstract: Francis Hugh Bacon was an English first-class cricketer and cricket administrator. Bacon played first-class cricket for Hampshire on 75 occasions between 1895 and 1911, in addition to serving as Hampshire's first paid secretary from 1903 until his death while serving with the Royal Navy Reserve during the First World War.

text:
# Francis Bacon (cricketer)

**Francis Hugh Bacon** (24 June 1869 – 31 October 1915) was an English first-class cricketer and cricket administrator. Bacon played first-class cricket for Hampshire on 75 occasions between 1895 and 1911, in addition to serving as Hampshire's first paid secretary from 1903 until his death while serving with the Royal Navy Reserve during the First World War.

## Life and cricket career

The son of The Reverend James Bacon, he was born in British Ceylon at Colombo. He was educated in England at the Clergy Orphan School, Canterbury. After completing his education, Bacon settled in Basingstoke where he worked as the manager of the Victoria Brewery. There he played club cricket for Basingstoke Cricket Club. Following three scores in a row of 101 not out for the club, he came to the attention of Hampshire County Cricket Club in 1894 and was invited to trial, scoring 113 that year in a minor match against Warwickshire. The following season, he made his debut in first-class cricket for the county against Somerset at Taunton in the 1895 County Championship; this was Hampshire's first match with first-class status since regaining the status that they had lost in 1885 and regained in 1894. He made scores of 11 and 92 in the match, the latter score being key in leading Hampshire to an 11 runs victory on their first-class return. Bacon played first-class cricket for Hampshire until 1911, making 75 appearances. In these, he scored 1,909 runs at an average of 15.77; he made one century, a score of 110 against Leicestershire. In terms of runs, his most successful season as a batsman was in 1903, when he scored 357 runs, while his best season average came in 1906, when he averaged 23.69. He was described as a free-hitting batsman and was considered the best cover-point fielder in England.

Bacon was appointed Hampshire's first paid secretary in 1903, at which point he reverted from being a professional cricketer to an amateur. He played an important role in improving the fixture list for Hampshire, in addition to recruiting professionals who formed the nucleus of the Hampshire side in the coming decades. In addition to playing and his role as an administrator, he was also a scorer in first-class matches between 1911 and 1914. At the start of the First World War, he suggested forming a corps made of professional cricketers, whom he considered epitomised the values of courage and honour. Bacon served in the war with the Royal Naval Reserve, holding the rank of assistant-paymaster. While serving on board Royal Yacht Squadron steam yacht HMS *Aries* on an auxiliary patrol near the South Goodwin Lightship on 31 October 1915, *Aries* struck a mine laid by the German submarine *UC-6* while attempting to assist another ship. The mine broke *Aries* in two, resulting in it sinking within one minute with the loss of 22 souls, including Bacon. His body drifted subsequently across the North Sea and eventually washed up on the Danish coast, with him being buried in the churchyard at Börsmose.

## InfoBox

Francis Bacon
| Francis Bacon in 1896 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Francis Hugh Bacon |
| Born | (1869-06-24)24 June 1869
Colombo, British Ceylon |
| Died | 31 October 1915(1915-10-31) (aged 46)
English Channel |
| Height | 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm slow |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1895–1911 | Hampshire |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 75  Runs scored 1,909  Batting average 15.77  100s/50s 1/5  Top score 110  Balls bowled 217  Wickets 6  Bowling average 31.66  5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling 2/23  Catches/stumpings 34/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 17 February 2010 | |


title: Francisco Fajardo

abstract: Francisco Fajardo was a Spanish conquistador active in Venezuela. He was an example of a mestizo conquistador. Fajardo was the son of a Spanish lieutenant of the same name and an indigenous Indian woman, Isabel of the Waikerí. In 1555 to 1557 he made several expeditions from Margarita to conquer the Caracas tribe around the valleys of present-day Caracas, even before the city was formally founded by conqueror Diego de Losada. As a mestizo he was able to blend in with the indigenous tribes of the coast physically and culturally. After murdering a local cacique he had to flee back to Margarita in 1558. He returned to the mainland in 1560, becoming lieutenant-general of Valencia, Venezuela, before going back to Margarita to defend it against Lope de Aguirre. On a new expedition to the mainland he discovered a gold mine in the territory of the Teques, in the Caracas region near present-day Los Teques. Early attempts at settlement had to be abandoned in 1562 when an uprising led by Guaicaipuro forced Fajardo to retreat again to Margarita, an expedition by Luis de Narváez to reinforce Fajardo having been destroyed. After setting out on a new expedition from Margarita in 1564, he was arrested and executed in Cumaná by Alonso Cobos after a sham trial. Cobos was arrested in Cumana by outraged residents of Margarita, and after a trial in Margarita was executed for the murder of Fajardo. The major highway of Caracas, the Francisco Fajardo Highway, is named after him.

text:
# Francisco Fajardo

**Francisco Fajardo** (Isla Margarita, Colonial Venezuela, New Spain c. 1524 - Cumaná, Venezuela Province 1564) was a Spanish conquistador active in Venezuela. He was an example of a *mestizo* (mixed race) conquistador.

Fajardo was the son of a Spanish lieutenant of the same name and an indigenous Indian woman, Isabel of the Waikerí. In 1555 to 1557 he made several expeditions from Margarita to conquer the *Caracas* tribe around the valleys of present-day Caracas, even before the city was formally founded by conqueror Diego de Losada. As a *mestizo* (person of mixed race) he was able to blend in with the indigenous tribes of the coast physically and culturally. After murdering a local cacique he had to flee back to Margarita in 1558.

He returned to the mainland in 1560, becoming lieutenant-general of Valencia, Venezuela, before going back to Margarita to defend it against Lope de Aguirre. On a new expedition to the mainland he discovered a gold mine in the territory of the *Teques*, in the Caracas region near present-day Los Teques. Early attempts at settlement had to be abandoned in 1562 when an uprising led by Guaicaipuro forced Fajardo to retreat again to Margarita, an expedition by Luis de Narváez to reinforce Fajardo having been destroyed.

After setting out on a new expedition from Margarita in 1564, he was arrested and executed in Cumaná by Alonso Cobos after a sham trial. Cobos was arrested in Cumana by outraged residents of Margarita, and after a trial in Margarita was executed for the murder of Fajardo.

The major highway of Caracas, the Francisco Fajardo Highway, is named after him.

## Books

* Juan Ernesto Montenegro (1974), *Francisco Fajardo: origen y perfil del primer fundador de Caracas*, Caracas: Concejo Municipal del Distrito Federal


title: Francisco Fariñas

abstract: Francisco Fariñas Gutiérrez is a Cuban former footballer who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Francisco Fariñas

**Francisco Fariñas Gutiérrez** (born 2 April 1948) is a Cuban former footballer who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## Club career

Born in Havana, Fariñas came through at Las Cañas before joining Industriales where he spent his entire senior career. His year of birth is also reported as 1949 or 1950.

## International career

He represented his country in 10 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches and played two games at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He also played at the 1967 and 1971 Pan American Games.

## InfoBox

Francisco Fariñas
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Francisco Fariñas Gutierrez | | |
| Date of birth | (1948-04-02) 2 April 1948 | | |
| Place of birth | Havana, Cuba | | |
| Height | 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1964–1981 | Industriales |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1971–1981 | Cuba |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Waldemir Moka

abstract: Waldemir Moka is a Brazilian politician and doctor. He has represented Mato Grosso do Sul in the Federal Senate since 2011. Previously, he was a Deputy from Mato Grosso do Sul from 1999 to 2011. He is a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

text:
# Waldemir Moka

**Waldemir Moka** (born October 10, 1951) is a Brazilian politician and doctor. He has represented Mato Grosso do Sul in the Federal Senate since 2011. Previously, he was a Deputy from Mato Grosso do Sul from 1999 to 2011. He is a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

## InfoBox

| Waldemir Moka | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senator from Mato Grosso do Sul | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
February 1, 2011 | |
| Deputy from Mato Grosso do Sul | |
| **In office**
February 1, 1999  January 31, 2011 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1951-10-10) October 10, 1951
Bela Vista, Mato Grosso |
| Political party | Brazilian Democratic Movement Party |
| Profession | Doctor |
|  | |


title: Jacques Richard

abstract: Joseph Alfred Gilles Jacques Richard was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Atlanta Flames, Buffalo Sabres, and Quebec Nordiques. After an impressive junior career, Richard was considered a potential NHL superstar, but, except for a single season late in his career, he failed to live up to the promise. He led a troubled life both in hockey and after. Six years after retiring, in 1989, he was arrested for attempting to smuggle cocaine and then in 2002, Richard died in a car accident driving back from a party celebrating his 50th birthday.

text:
# Jacques Richard

**Joseph Alfred Gilles Jacques Richard** (October 7, 1952 – October 8, 2002) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Atlanta Flames, Buffalo Sabres, and Quebec Nordiques. After an impressive junior career, Richard was considered a potential NHL superstar, but, except for a single season late in his career, he failed to live up to the promise. He led a troubled life both in hockey and after. Six years after retiring, in 1989, he was arrested for attempting to smuggle cocaine and then in 2002, Richard died in a car accident driving back from a party celebrating his 50th birthday.

## Career

Richard was drafted 2nd overall in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft. Richard was slated to be the marquee player by the expansion Atlanta Flames. However, he was to have a mostly indifferent pro career. Troubled at times by serious injuries—facial fractures in 1974–75 and a knee injury in 1979–80—he also indulged in alcohol, gambling and eventually cocaine.

### Junior

As a youth, Richard played in the 1964 and 1965 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with the Quebec Beavers minor ice hockey team.

Richard had a spectacular junior career with the Quebec Remparts, scoring 186 goals and 213 assists for 399 points in only 169 games. Playing with Guy Chouinard and Andre Savard he was a significant component of a devastating trio. At the time Richard was considered by some hockey experts to have equal, if not more, pro potential than teammate Guy Lafleur. At one time, Rempart management was negotiating to trade Richard to the Rosemont Nationals, a team in the same Quebec Junior A league for 3 players and $6,000 in return. However, the deal became public and the reaction by fans, for whom Richard had become an idol, was so violent that the deal was annulled. Indicative of the level of success Richard had achieved in junior hockey, in 1999, he was named to All-time QMJHL All-Star team by the Canadian Hockey League.

### Professional

For the 1972–73 season the NHL added two teams, the Atlanta Flames and the New York Islanders, with a coin toss in June 1972 deciding which team would get the first choice in the draft. Concerned that the new World Hockey Association might sign the two top prospects, Billy Harris and Richard, the two expansion teams held their own coin toss in advance, won by New York, who elected to select Harris. This allowed the teams to begin immediate negotiations with the players.

Richard's rookie year in Atlanta was a disappointment. He rarely spoke to anyone that first year, perhaps a clue to problems adapting to the NHL. In February, after a game at Toronto in which the coach had sat him out, Richard left the team to return to his home in Quebec City and missed a couple practices without his coach's permission. Richard's uncle and agent said Richard "just reacted like a mixed-up kid. He got a little mad in Toronto, a little upset. Now he's realized he was wrong. He has decided he wants to play hockey again." Richard returned but finished the season scoring only 13 goals.

Teamed in his second season with Tom Lysiak, his prospects seemed brighter as he scored 27 goals. The next season, in October 1974, Richard suffered facial fractures, a fracture of the right orbital bone and nose, in a game against Detroit. After three years with Atlanta, he was traded to the Buffalo Sabres.

At the time, some hockey people thought the presence of several fellow French Canadian players on Buffalo might help Richard. However, in his first season with Buffalo, Richard scored only 12 goals. Early in his second season, a teammate accused Richard of not giving a good effort during practices. In November, Richard was arrested for driving while intoxicated. Although team management said the two were not connected, Richard was then sent to Buffalo's minor league affiliate, the Hershey Bears. Buffalo Sabre general manager Punch Imlach in his book *Heaven and Hell in the NHL* recalled his travails dealing with Richard's drinking. On one occasion, Richard was forced to miss a game due to a sprained wrist which had been hurt in a bar fight. On another, he barely missed being shot in a Quebec bar; the bullet went through his pant leg. Imlach describes Richard as "a nice kid, good hockey player" but he was "wasting his talent". Richard spent the next five seasons alternating between the NHL and playing full seasons in the minors. In February 1980, Buffalo terminated Richard's contract, which left him free to sign with any team.

Immediately after being released by Buffalo, Richard signed with the Quebec Nordiques. Then in his eighth year as a pro and back in the city of his junior triumphs, the promise shown as a junior appeared to finally be realized. In the 1980–81 season, Richard tallied 52 goals and 51 assists for 103 points, to finish tenth in the league in points and seventh in goals. However, this was to be the only time he was to show this potential. The next season, his mediocre play returned.

Jacques Richard retired in 1983. He would be remembered in hockey's history as a superb junior player who ultimately finished as one of the NHL's "One-Season-Wonders."

## Retirement and death

Richard's misfortunes seemed to follow him into retirement. In 1989, he was arrested for attempting to smuggle cocaine, with an estimated street value of $1.5 million, into Canada. He was sentenced to seven years in prison. Then, on October 8, 2002, driving home from his 50th birthday party, Richard was killed in a single-vehicle accident when he drove his car into a culvert.

## Awards and honours

QMJHL All-Star First Team: 1970–71, 1971–72
QMJHL Beliveau Trophy: 1971–72 (points leader)
Named to QMJHL all-time All-Star team by the Canadian Hockey League in 1999.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1967–68 | Quebec Jr. Aces | QJHL | | 50 | 18 | 18 | 36 | ? | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1968–69 | Quebec Jr. Aces | QJHL | | 50 | 23 | 40 | 63 | 78 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1969–70 | Quebec Remparts | QMJHL | | 52 | 62 | 64 | 126 | 170 | | 15 | 11 | 14 | 25 | 30 |
| 1969–70 | Quebec Remparts | MC | |  |  |  |  |  | | 12 | 17 | 10 | 27 | 48 |
| 1970–71 | Quebec Remparts | QMJHL | | 55 | 53 | 60 | 113 | 125 | | 14 | 18 | 17 | 35 | 42 |
| 1970–71 | Quebec Remparts | MC | |  |  |  |  |  | | 7 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 8 |
| 1971–72 | Quebec Remparts | QMJHL | | 61 | 71 | 89 | 160 | 100 | | 15 | 11 | 26 | 37 | 23 |
| 1972–73 | Atlanta Flames | NHL | | 74 | 13 | 18 | 31 | 32 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1973–74 | Atlanta Flames | NHL | | 78 | 27 | 16 | 43 | 45 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1974–75 | Atlanta Flames | NHL | | 63 | 17 | 12 | 29 | 31 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1975–76 | Buffalo Sabres | NHL | | 73 | 12 | 23 | 35 | 31 | | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 1976–77 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 44 | 20 | 25 | 45 | 42 | | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| 1976–77 | Buffalo Sabres | NHL | | 21 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1977–78 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 54 | 25 | 23 | 48 | 29 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1978–79 | Buffalo Sabres | NHL | | 61 | 10 | 15 | 25 | 26 | | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1979–80 | Rochester Americans | AHL | | 37 | 13 | 23 | 36 | 37 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 14 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 78 | 52 | 51 | 103 | 39 | | 5 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 14 |
| 1981–82 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 59 | 15 | 26 | 41 | 77 | | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
| 1982–83 | Fredericton Express | AHL | | 19 | 16 | 15 | 31 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1982–83 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 35 | 9 | 14 | 23 | 6 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1983–84 | Lausanne HC | CHE II | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 556 | 160 | 187 | 347 | 307 | | 35 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 34 |

## InfoBox

| Jacques Richard | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Richard with the Buffalo Sabres in 1977 | | | |
| Born | (1952-10-07)October 7, 1952
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Died | October 8, 2002(2002-10-08) (aged 50)
Issoudun, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) | | |
| Weight | 180 lb (82 kg; 12 st 12 lb) | | |
| Position | Left wing | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Atlanta Flames
Buffalo Sabres
Hershey Bears
Rochester Americans
Quebec Nordiques
Fredericton Express | | |
| NHL draft | 2nd overall, 1972
Atlanta Flames | | |
| Playing career | 19721983 | | |


title: Ingalls Shipbuilding

abstract: Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a leading producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.

text:
# Ingalls Shipbuilding

30°20′51″N 88°34′30″W / 30.347371°N 88.575017°W / 30.347371; -88.575017

**Ingalls Shipbuilding** is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a leading producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.

## History

In 1938, Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation was founded by Robert Ingersoll Ingalls Sr. (1882–1951) of Birmingham, Alabama, on the east bank of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. Ingalls was located where the Pascagoula River runs into the Gulf of Mexico. It started out building commercial ships, including USS *George Clymer*, which took part in Liberty Fleet Day on 27 September 1941. In the 1950s, Ingalls started bidding on Navy work, winning a contract in 1957 to build 12 nuclear-powered attack submarines.

Litton Industries acquired Ingalls in 1961, and in 1968, expanded its facilities to the other side of the river. Ingalls reached a high point of employment in 1977, with 27,280 workers. In April 2001, Litton was acquired by the Northrop Grumman Corporation.

On 29 August 2005, Ingalls facilities were damaged by Hurricane Katrina; most of the ships in dock and construction escaped serious harm. While shipbuilding was halted for a while due to the destruction of many buildings, most vehicles and the large overhead cranes are the same that the facility continues to operate today.

On 31 March 2011, Northrop Grumman spun off its shipbuilding sector (including Ingalls Shipbuilding) into a new corporation, Huntington Ingalls Industries.

In 2015, Ingalls Shipbuilding Company signed a contract with US Navy for new destroyers, littoral combat ships, and new landing craft. USS *John Finn* was one of the first new destroyers and was launched on 28 March. The company is also building the USS *Ralph Johnson*, USS *Paul Ignatius*, and USS *Delbert D. Black*.

On 21 March 2015, the new *San Antonio*-class amphibious transport dock ship USS *John P. Murtha* was ceremonially christened. The vessel was launched on 30 October and was commissioned in 2017.

On 27 March 2015, the shipyard received construction contracts for their next destroyers. Ingalls Shipbuilding Company was awarded a $604.3 million contract modification for building USS *Frank E. Petersen Jr.*.

On 31 March 2015, the shipyard also received another contract with a $500 million fixed price to build the eighth National Security Cutter for the US Coast Guard. Most of them will be under construction until 2019. The cutters are the most advanced ships ever built for the Coast Guard.

On 30 June 2016, Ingalls Shipbuilding signed a contract with US Navy to build the U.S. Navy's next large-deck amphibious-assault warship. The contract included planning, advanced engineering, and procurement of long-lead material, is just over $272 million. If options are exercised, the cumulative value of the contract would be $3.1 billion.

## Products

Ingalls' primary product has been naval ships and naval projects for Egypt, Israel, and Venezuela. In the 1940s, Ingalls attempted to enter the diesel-electric locomotive market. They cataloged an extensive product line, but only one example, known as the model 4-S, was produced. It was sold to the Gulf, Mobile & Ohio Railroad. Ingalls also manufactured covered hopper railroad cars in the early 1980s, producing around 4,000 units, primarily for the lease market via North American Car.

### Ships built

Ships built by Ingalls include:

#### Submarines

#### Destroyers

#### Cruisers

#### Cutters

#### Amphibious transport dock

#### Amphibious assault ship

#### Attack transport

*Bayfield*-class attack transports

#### Corvette

#### Tankers

T5 tanker prototype, 615-foot vessel intended for possible conversion to atomic power, 1958

#### Cruise ships and ocean liners

#### Ships refitted

## Decatur

In Decatur, Alabama, Ingalls Shipbuilding built barges and type B ship barges from 1930 to 1980. In 1980 the shipyard was sold to Trinity Industries that closed in 1981. This site is now called Ingalls Harbor.


title: Mile Uzelac

abstract: Milan Uzelac is a Croatian handballer, who plays as line player for RK Zamet.

text:
# Mile Uzelac

**Milan Uzelac** (born 30 September 1978) is a Croatian handballer, who plays as line player for RK Zamet.

## Career

Mile started his career in RK Kvarner. At the age of 15 he played for the senior team of RK Kvarner and he played an important role in Kvarner getting promotion form 2. league to 1.B league.

He spent a season in Zamet helping them win the league getting back in the Croatian First League and winning the Croatian U-19 Championship with players like Mirza Džomba and Renato Sulić. Next season he played for RK Pećine in the 1.B league. The following two years he played both for Zamet and Pećine due to them being in separate leagues.

Mile has spent nearly 20 years in Zamet being with the club in hard and good times. With Zamet he came to Croatian Cup finals three time losing twice to Zagreb and once to Metković Jambo.

He has played in European competitions EHF City Cup, EHF Cup Winners' Cup and EHF Cup throughout his career.

He was team captain of Zamet from 2003 to 2017 when he retired from handball alongside his long standing teammate Mateo Hrvatin. He is marked for being the longest serving player in Zamet's history playing 21 full years for the club.

## Honours

**RK Kvarner**

**RK Zamet**

## InfoBox

| Milan Uzelac | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Milan Uzelac | | |
| Born | (1978-09-30) 30 September 1978<br>Rijeka, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Nationality | Croatian | | |
| Height | 1.92 m (6 ft 4 in) | | |
| Playing position | Line player | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Zamet | | |
| Number | 7 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1991-1995 | RK Kvarner | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1993-1995 | RK Kvarner | | |
| 1995-1996 | RK Zamet | | |
| 1996-1999 | RK Pećine | | |
| 1997-2017 | RK Zamet | | |
| loan | RK Gold Klub | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** |
|  | Croatia U-18 |
|  | Croatia U-19 |
|  | Croatia U-21 |


title: WAUB

abstract: WAUB is a commercial radio station licensed to Auburn, New York. The station is part of the Finger Lakes Radio Group, and is owned by Auburn Broadcasting, Inc. WAUB simulcasts a talk radio format with co-owned WGVA in Geneva. By day, WAUB is powered at 450 watts. At night power increases to 1,000 watts. WAUB uses a directional antenna at all times to protect other stations on 1590 AM. Programming is also heard on 250 watt FM translator 96.3 W242DC in Auburn.

text:
# WAUB

**WAUB** (1590 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Auburn, New York. The station is part of the Finger Lakes Radio Group, and is owned by Auburn Broadcasting, Inc. WAUB simulcasts a talk radio format with co-owned WGVA (1240 AM) in Geneva.

By day, WAUB is powered at 450 watts. At night power increases to 1,000 watts. WAUB uses a directional antenna at all times to protect other stations on 1590 AM. Programming is also heard on 250 watt FM translator 96.3 W242DC in Auburn.

## Programming

Weekdays begin with a news and information show hosted by Ted Baker. The rest of the weekday schedule is mostly nationally syndicated talk shows from Brian Kilmeade, Dave Ramsey, Mark Levin, Ben Shapiro, Jared Dillian, Jim Bohannon and *Coast to Coast AM with George Noory*. Weekends feature shows on money, health, the outdoors, home improvement, science, law, cars, travel and gardening. Weekend hosts include Rudy Maxa, Dr. Michio Kaku and Lee Habeeb.

WAUB and WGVA carry Syracuse Orangemen football and Buffalo Bills NFL football. Most hours begin with world and national news from CBS Radio News.

## History

On December 24, 1959, WAUB first signed on the air. It began as a 500 watt daytimer station, required to go off the air at sunset. It was owned by the Atom Broadcasting Company.

## InfoBox

WAUB
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Finger Lakes |
| Frequency | 1590 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Talk radio |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Auburn Broadcasting, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WCGR, WFLK, WFLR, WGVA, WNYR-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | December 24, 1959 (1959-12-24) |
| Call sign meaning | Auburn |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 43791 |
| Class | B |
| Power | * 450 watts day * 1,000 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 42°54′34″N 76°36′9″W / 42.90944°N 76.60250°W / 42.90944; -76.60250 |
| Translator(s) | 96.3 W242DC (Auburn) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | fingerlakesdailynews.com |


title: Metanarsia monochroma

abstract: Metanarsia monochroma is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The wingspan is 15–18.5 mm. Adults are on wing in May.

text:
# Metanarsia monochroma

***Metanarsia monochroma*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The wingspan is 15–18.5 mm. Adults are on wing in May.

## InfoBox

| *Metanarsia monochroma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Metanarsia* |
| Species: | ***M. monochroma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metanarsia monochroma***<br>Bidzilya, 2008 | |
|


title: Time of the Gypsies

abstract: Time of the Gypsies is a 1988 Yugoslav coming-of-age fantasy crime drama directed by Emir Kusturica. Filmed in Romani and Serbo-Croatian, Time of the Gypsies tells the story of a young Romani man with magical powers who is tricked into engaging in petty crime. It is widely considered to be one of Kusturica's best films. The film's shooting took place in Sarajevo, Skopje and Milan. It was selected as the Yugoslav entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. At the time of its release, it was the first film to be entirely in Romani. The film revolves around Perhan, a Romani teenager with telekinetic powers and his passage from childhood to adulthood which starts in a little village in Yugoslavia and ends in the criminal underworld of Milan. The film deals with magic realism. The film's soundtrack was composed by Goran Bregović.

text:
# Time of the Gypsies

***Time of the Gypsies*** (Serbo-Croatian: Дом за вешање, *Dom za vešanje*, lit.'Home for Hanging') is a 1988 Yugoslav coming-of-age fantasy crime drama directed by Emir Kusturica. Filmed in Romani and Serbo-Croatian, *Time of the Gypsies* tells the story of a young Romani man with magical powers who is tricked into engaging in petty crime. It is widely considered to be one of Kusturica's best films. The film's shooting took place in Sarajevo, Skopje and Milan. It was selected as the Yugoslav entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. At the time of its release, it was the first film to be entirely in Romani.

The film revolves around Perhan, a Romani teenager with telekinetic powers and his passage from childhood to adulthood which starts in a little village in Yugoslavia and ends in the criminal underworld of Milan. The film deals with magic realism.

The film's soundtrack was composed by Goran Bregović.

## Plot

Perhan lives with his devoted grandmother Khatidža, his lame sister Danira and his dissolute uncle Merdžan. Khatidža possesses a level of supernatural powers (mainly healing) and Perhan himself has inherited some minor telekinetic abilities. He wants to marry a girl named Azra, but her mother will not allow it, as Perhan is the illegitimate son of a Slovenian soldier who had an affair with Perhan's late mother, and without a job or savings. Ahmed, the "Gypsy sheikh", comes to the village with his brothers. Merdžan loses his clothes playing cards with Ahmed's brothers, and comes home desperate for money so that he can repay. It is raining and not finding any money, he accuses the grandmother of hiding the money from him and lifts the frame of the house up (using a rope and a truck), so that it is suspended in mid-air as the rain comes down on Perhan, his grandmother and Danira. Very soon after, Khatidža is summoned to use her powers to save Ahmed's sick son, Roberto, which Khatidža does. For repayment, she proposes a deal with Ahmed - to pay for Danira's leg to be healed at a hospital in Ljubljana. Perhan goes with Danira, promising his grandmother not to leave her, but Ahmed asks where will he stay and convinces him to go to Milan. At first Perhan wants to make money honestly, but after being beaten, tortured and dragged through the mud, Perhan begins stealing and squirreling money away in a shack.

After being double-crossed by his brother Sadam, Ahmed appoints Perhan boss of the operation. Now relatively rich, Perhan goes home, where he is enraged to find Azra is pregnant. Perhan refuses to believe that the baby is his. They marry with the condition that she would sell the baby. Perhan is also disappointed to find that the house Ahmed promised to build him is not being built at all, and that Danira was not operated on, but forced to be a beggar as part of Ahmed's money operation. On their wedding night, Azra tells him the child is theirs, and was conceived when they made love on the Feast of St George. Still wearing her wedding dress, Azra dies after giving birth to a boy while levitating mid-air (a sign that the boy, as he inherited the powers, is indeed Perhan's). Because Ahmed leaves with the baby, which we discover later is also named Perhan, he is raised by Ahmed's crew.

After four years of searching, Perhan reunites with Danira in Rome, who leads him to Perhan Jr., whom Perhan now accepts as his child. Perhan drops the children off at the train station, promising to meet up with them after buying an accordion for his son and a present (sponges) for grandmother. The boy tells him he is mad at him because he will not return, and he will not get an accordion. Perhan assures him he will, "Cross my gypsy heart," but immediately runs out of the station to settle the score with Ahmed, who is about to be married. Perhan arrives at the wedding and kills Ahmed with a fork, using his telekinetic powers. He also kills one of Ahmed's brothers, but he is in turn killed by Ahmed's new wife. At the funeral, the grandmother passes out drinks to everyone and Perhan Jr. goes outside the house, peers through the window at his dead father, breaks the glass and steals the golden coins put on his father's eyes. Merdžan notices, and follows him out in the rain, as the child runs away hidden under a cardboard box. Merdžan is about to catch him up and pick up the board, but seems to have second thoughts, stops, and starts running toward the nearby church.

## Cast

* Davor Dujmović \- Perhan
* Bora Todorović \- Ahmed
* Ljubica Adžović - Khatidža
* Husnija Hasimovic - Uncle Merdzan
* Sinolicka Trpkova - Azra
* Zabit Memedov - Zabit
* Elvira Sali - Danira
* Suada Karisik - Dzamila
* Predrag Lakovic - Ahmed's older brother
* Mirsad Zulic - Zef
* Ajnur Redzepi - Perhan's son
* Sedrije Halim - Azra's mother Ruza
* Saban Rojan - Azra's father Alija
* Branko Djuric - Sadam
* Marjeta Gregorac - Nurse in Ljubljana
* Boris Juh - Doctor in Ljubljana
* Ibro Zulic - Ramo
* Advija Redzepi Advija Redzepi
* Emir Cerin - Ciro
* Irfan Jagli - Irfan

## Awards

At the 1989 Cannes Film Festival, Emir Kusturica won the Best Director Award and the film was also nominated for a Palme d'Or (Golden Palm). At the 26th Guldbagge Awards in Sweden, it won the award for Best Foreign Film. In addition, *Time of the Gypsies* was nominated for Best Foreign Film at the 1990 César Awards in France.

## InfoBox

| Дом за вешање
Dom za vešanje
Time of the Gypsies | |
| --- | --- |
| Original Yugoslav poster | |
| Directed by | Emir Kusturica |
| Written by | Emir Kusturica
Gordan Mihić |
| Produced by | Mirza Pašić
Harry Saltzman |
| Starring | Davor Dujmović
Bora Todorović
Ljubica Adžović |
| Cinematography | Vilko Filač |
| Edited by | Andrija Zafranović |
| Music by | Goran Bregović |
| Production
company | Forum Sarajevo |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release dates | * 21 December 1988 (1988-12-21) (Yugoslavia) * 9 February 1990 (1990-02-09) (United States) |
| Running time | 140 minutes |
| Countries | Yugoslavia
Italy |
| Languages | Romani
Serbo-Croatian
Italian |


title: Farranree

abstract: Farranree is a mainly residential townland and suburb in Cork, Ireland. It partly consists of terraced houses, some of which are council housing owned by the Cork City Council. Other housing in the area is privately owned. Farranree is bordered by the larger suburbs of Blackpool, Churchfield and Fairhill.

text:
# Farranree

**Farranree** (Irish: *Fearann an Rí*) is a mainly residential townland and suburb in Cork, Ireland.

It partly consists of terraced houses, some of which are council housing owned by the Cork City Council. Other housing in the area is privately owned.

Farranree is bordered by the larger suburbs of Blackpool, Churchfield and Fairhill.

## History

As of the early 20th century, Farranree was a rural area to the north of Cork City. It had a large field called "Fairfield" to which farmers from around County Cork brought their cattle for sale. Beside it were smaller fields where farmers would spancel their cattle as they waited to be sold. This area, on the hillside beside the "Fairfield", was called Spangle or Spancel Hill.

In the 1940s, plots of land for growing potatoes were given to the people of the district at a half-crown per year. Only a piece of twine separated the plots and neighbours often tended each others plots as well as their own since blight on one could mean blight on all.

Cork Corporation subsequently developed a number of housing schemes in the area, which was then known as Spangle Hill. From the 1930s, the city gradually began to expand and houses were built in areas such as Farranferris (1939 & 1951), Fairfield (1956), Knockpogue (1956), Knockfree (1959/1960) and Closes (1961).

In 1957, the Catholic Bishop of Cork, Cornelius Lucey, commenced construction on a new church in the district. Built as one of several "rosary churches", intended to serve the expanding city, it was called the Church of the Resurrection.

## Amenities

Farranree has a local Gala Express shop, a credit union, a butchers and a public park. It also has a Catholic church named the Church of the Resurrection.

The local GAA club is Na Piarsaigh Hurling, Camogie and Football Club.

The main schools serving the Farranree area include Scoil Aiséirí Chríost, North Presentation Secondary School, the North Monastery and Scoil Íosagain.

The suburb sits on the 203 bus route and the 201 bus route.

## Notable residents

* John Gardiner, Na Piarsaigh and Cork senior hurler and All Ireland winner
* Seán Óg Ó hAilpín, Na Piarsaigh and Cork senior hurler; footballer and All Ireland winning captain
* Mae Agnes "Maisie" Kelly Gleason was born at Farranree; mother of Jackie Gleason
* Fiona Shaw, actress, born at Farranree
* John O'Shea, professional darts player, BDO World Masters winner

## InfoBox

| Farranree *Fearann an Rí* | |
| --- | --- |
| Suburb | |
| FarranreeLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 51°54′49″N 8°29′01″W / 51.9135°N 8.4835°W / 51.9135; -8.4835 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Administrative area | Cork (city) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |


title: Marek Rigo

abstract: Marek Rigo is a Slovak footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

text:
# Marek Rigo

**Marek Rigo** (born 15 December 1997) is a Slovak footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Marek Rigo made his professional Fortuna Liga's debut for ŠK Slovan Bratislava on September 10, 2016 against Spartak Myjava.

## InfoBox

Marek Rigo
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1997-12-15) 15 December 1997 | | |
| Place of birth | Bratislava, Slovakia | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Attacking midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | FC Podunajské Biskupice | | |
|  | Ružinov | | |
|  | Slovan Bratislava | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2016–2019 | Slovan Bratislava | 13 | (0) |
| 2017 | Senica (loan) | 15 | (0) |
| 2018 | Zlaté Moravce (loan) | 5 | (0) |
| 2019–2021 | Komárno | 15 | (0) |
| 2020–2021 | Slovan Bratislava B (loan) | 24 | (1) |
| 2021–2022 | Wiener Viktoria | 24 | (5) |
| 2022–2023 | Traiskirchen | 29 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 19:11, 25 July 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Marek Hovorka (footballer)

abstract: Marek Hovorka is a professional Czech football player who currently plays for FK Ústí nad Labem. He has represented his country at youth level.

text:
# Marek Hovorka (footballer)

**Marek Hovorka** (born 24 October 1991) is a professional Czech football player who currently plays for FK Ústí nad Labem. He has represented his country at youth level.

## InfoBox

Marek Hovorka
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1991-10-24) 24 October 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Ústí nad Labem | | |
| Number | 13 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010– | Jablonec | 1 | (0) |
| 2012 | České Budějovice (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2012– | Ústí nad Labem (loan) | 6 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2008–2009 | Czech Republic U18 | 7 | (1) |
| 2009–2010 | Czech Republic U19 | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 26 October 2012<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 31 December 2011 | | | |