title: Filmindia

abstract: filmindia is an Indian monthly magazine covering Indian cinema and published in English language. Started by Baburao Patel in 1935, filmindia was the first English film periodical to be published from Bombay. The magazine was reportedly run "single-handedly" by Patel, who wielded power through this medium to "make or destroy a film". Its most popular column was "The Editor's Mail" answered by Patel. The magazine featured film news, editorials, studio round-ups, gossip, and reviews of different language films, mainly from Hindi and regional cinema and affiliated reviews from Hollywood. His articles included siding with the lesser known cinema workers like the technicians, extras and stuntmen. Patel met the painter S. M. Pandit around 1938, and asked him to design the covers for filmindia. One of Pandit's assistants, Raghubir Mulgaonkar, was also a designer in the same periodical. Both of them worked with Patel at filmindia through the 1930s and 1940s. The magazine "created a sensation" on its launch with its "canny mix of rumour and review, observation and opinion" and Patel became a "celebrity" equal to the film stars he wrote about. The magazine reading target was the "elite readership", including college going youth. Termed a status symbol with college students, actor Dev Anand said of his Lahore college days, "boys in the campus used to carry copies of filmindia along with their textbooks. It was their Bible". Ramachandran and Rukmini state that "filmindia was the only magazine that counted in those days". It remained in publication from 1935 to 1961.

text:
# Filmindia

***filmindia*** is an Indian monthly magazine covering Indian cinema and published in English language.

Started by Baburao Patel in 1935, *filmindia* was the first English film periodical to be published from Bombay. The magazine was reportedly run "single-handedly" by Patel, who wielded power through this medium to "make or destroy a film". Its most popular column was "The Editor's Mail" answered by Patel. The magazine featured film news, editorials, studio round-ups, gossip, and reviews of different language films, mainly from Hindi and regional cinema and affiliated reviews from Hollywood. His articles included siding with the lesser known cinema workers like the technicians, extras and stuntmen.

Patel met the painter S. M. Pandit around 1938, and asked him to design the covers for *filmindia*. One of Pandit's assistants, Raghubir Mulgaonkar, was also a designer in the same periodical. Both of them worked with Patel at *filmindia* through the 1930s and 1940s.

The magazine "created a sensation" on its launch with its "canny mix of rumour and review, observation and opinion" and Patel became a "celebrity" equal to the film stars he wrote about. The magazine reading target was the "elite readership", including college going youth. Termed a status symbol with college students, actor Dev Anand said of his Lahore college days, "boys in the campus used to carry copies of *filmindia* along with their textbooks. It was their Bible". Ramachandran and Rukmini state that "*filmindia* was the only magazine that counted in those days". It remained in publication from 1935 to 1961.

## History

The first film periodical "exclusively devoted to cinema" was established in India in 1924, with the Gujarati magazine *Mouj Majah* by J. K. Dwivedi. Its success began a trend with the Bengali language *Bioscope*, published by Shailjananda Mukherjee in 1930, *Filmland* an English language weekly published from Bengal since 1930, and the Hindi *Chitrapat* in 1934, by Hrishamcharan Jain from Delhi.

In 1935, on his thirty-first birthday, Baburao Patel (1904–1982), started *filmindia*, with a small 'f' in the name, which was published initially by D. K. Parker and B. P. Samant and edited by Patel. "The very first issue of *filmindia* became a huge success and Patel gradually took over the monthly journal" making filmindia achieve "an unprecedented cult status". The magazine remained in publication till 1960, when Patel's interest in nationalism and politics made him launch "a national magazine" called *Mother India*. Patel found it difficult to run two periodicals simultaneously and he made the decision to shut down *filmindia* and focus on *Mother India*.

The magazine focused not only on Indian cinema but also published critical commentary on politics. It reviewed about 49 films annually on an average, out of which 31 were claimed to be poor, 13 indifferent and about 5 watchable films. It had monthly sales of about 32,000 copies. *filmindia* was one of the few Indian fan magazines sold in Western countries.

Filmindia ended publication in 1961. It had its Indian publication office in Bombay and had offices both in Calcutta and London.

## Contributors

* Sushila Rani Patel (Patel's second wife) and Baburao Patel also wrote under the pseudonyms "Judas" and "Hyacinth", both producing almost entire content for the magazine. As Judas they wrote the column called "Bombay Calling". And as Hyacinth, Sushila Rani conducted interviews with film personalities.
* K. A. Abbas was the chief film critic at one of the then popular newspapers, termed a "nationalist" daily, *The Bombay Chronicle*. Abbas wrote columns frequently for *filmindia*.
* Affiliated reviews: "Review From New York" by P. S. Harrison (editor: Harrison's Reports)
* Habib Tanvir described his meeting with Patel and how he was asked to meet him at his office, which led to him becoming an assistant editor of *filmindia*, "I was the first assistant editor of *filmindia*\- of which I was quite proud- and the last".

## Influence

* Patel and Abbas were renowned as "important cinema commentators and experts" and considered themselves as "political activists". Their concern about cinema's influence on "nation and nationalism" made them launch a combined nationwide campaign against "anti-Indian" films in 1938. These included "empire films" like *The Drum* (1938) directed by Zoltan Korda, and *Gunga Din* (1939) directed by George Stevens, which according to them "reinforced imperialist stereotypes of the colonized as racially inferior, weak subjects". According to Mukherjee, "the matter was discussed in the central assembly..., Patel wrote telegrams to Indian ministers". He became the first critic who was invited as a "delegate to read a paper on Cinema and Culture, the first to voice a protest against anti-Indian productions in Europe, UK and USA". On 1 September 1938, "hundreds came out on the streets of Bombay to protest the release of The Drum at the Excelsior and New Empire Theatres. The film was withdrawn by its Bombay distributors on 14 September 1938".
* Patel and Abbas set up the Film Journalists' Association (FJA) in 1939.
* Studios such as Bombay Talkies, New Theatres Ltd, and Rajkamal Kalamandir were favourites with Abbas and Patel and featured on their "best films" lists, thereby generating academic attention even decades later. Whereas, several successful studios of that time like Ranjit Film Company, Saroj Movietone, Prakash Pictures, Saraswati Cinetone, and Huns Pictures "remain undocumented".
* The first to refer to Madhubala as the "Venus of the Indian Screen".

## Columns

* Editorial
* Bombay Calling
* The Editor’s Mail
* Reviews
* News From Abroad
* Round The Town, which later became "Our Review"
* Studio Close-Ups
* Foreign Pictures of the Month
* Horoscope (discontinued later)
* Howlers of the Month (discontinued later)

## Popularity

According to author, journalist Bhawna Somaya, "It was the most popular film magazine of its time, widely appreciated for its bold stand on current issues and a scintillating style of writing. It was said that Baburao's column made and broke careers". His "acid reviews" were dreaded by producers and directors".

Dev Anand stated, "When I first came to Bombay looking for a break in the movies, somewhere within me lurked a desire to meet the man and have a look at this magician who meant the Indian movie industry to me. Baburao Patel made and unmade stars. He established or destroyed a film with just a stroke of his pen. That much power he wielded then".

## Quote

Baburao Patel was famous for his sharp wit, and according to Habib Tanveer he was discerning and wrote "absolutely frankly", "totally ruthlessly and funnily". He was often criticised and in a self- authored chapter stated:

> "I took criticism as my main selling point. That was the best feature of *filmindia*. And the "Editor's Mail". *Filmindia* was the only paper that counted in those days. Distributors would not take delivery of the prints after reading my reviews. But it never affected the seeing public. The box-office was never affected".

## InfoBox

*filmindia*
| Early ad of *Mughal-E-Azam* from *Filmindia* March 1946 | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Baburao Patel |
| Staff writers | Sushila Rani Patel (as Judas, Hyacinth) |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Publisher | Baburao Patel |
| Founder | Baburao Patel |
| Founded | 1935 |
| Country | India |
| Based in | Bombay |
| Language | English |


title: Filmin

abstract: Comunidad Filmin S.L., doing business as Filmin, is a Spanish subscription video on demand streaming service, primarily dedicated to streaming independent films, as well as a production company and film distributor. The company headquarters is located in Barcelona.

text:
# Filmin

**Comunidad Filmin S.L.**, doing business as **Filmin**, is a Spanish subscription video on demand streaming service, primarily dedicated to streaming independent films, as well as a production company and film distributor. The company headquarters is located in Barcelona.

## History

Founded by Juan Carlos Tous, José Antonio De Luna and Jaume Ripoll, the company was created in 2007. The platform partnered with distribution companies such as Golem, Tornasol, Wanda, El Deseo, Continental, Vértigo, and—later—Avalon. Owing to the special authorization from the ICAA, *Tiro en la cabeza* became the first Spanish film simultaneously released in theatres and online (on Filmin) in 2008. The pay-subscription service began in 2010.

In 2020 the investment funds Nazca Capital and Seaya Ventures (stakeholder in Cabify and Glovo) acquired a 51% of the company shares. As of 2021, the platform had 15,000 titles, most of them consisting of European films (65%).

The platform released its first original series, *Doctor Portuondo*, in October 2021. As of April 2023, it has released other two original series: *Autodefensa* and *Selftape*.

## Overview

Most of the movies and series in the catalog are offered in two versions: the dubbed version in Spanish, V.E. (Spanish version), and the original version with Spanish subtitles, V.O.S.E. (original version with Spanish subtitles). Streaming technology with adaptive bitrate is used for viewing, meaning that the definition depends on the user’s bandwidth.

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 59th Sant Jordi Awards | Industry Prize | Won |  |
| 2021 | Premi Nacional de Comunicació |  | Won |  |

## InfoBox

Comunidad Filmin, S.L.
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2007 |
| Headquarters | Carrer Plató 26, Barcelona, Spain |
| Founder(s) | * Juan Carlos Tous * José Antonio de Luna * Jaume Ripoll |
| Products |  |
| URL | https://www.filmin.es/ |
| Launched | * 2008 (platform) * 2010 (SVOD service) |


title: The Old Negro Space Program

abstract: The Old Negro Space Program is a short mockumentary in the style of a Ken Burns film. Imagining a black space program, whose "blackstronauts" were excluded from "White NASA", the film lampoons Burns's history of the Negro leagues, a subject of his 1994 series, Baseball. The ten-minute film was produced and directed by Andy Bobrow, who wrote for the television series Hype, Malcolm in the Middle and later, Community. Bobrow later went on to write the Community episode "Pillows and Blankets", another parody of Ken Burns. It was created for broad release on the Internet.

text:
# The Old Negro Space Program

***The Old Negro Space Program*** is a short mockumentary in the style of a Ken Burns film. Imagining a black space program, whose "blackstronauts" were excluded from "White NASA", the film lampoons Burns's history of the Negro leagues, a subject of his 1994 series, *Baseball*.

The ten-minute film was produced and directed by Andy Bobrow, who wrote for the television series *Hype*, *Malcolm in the Middle* and later, *Community*. Bobrow later went on to write the *Community* episode "Pillows and Blankets", another parody of Ken Burns.

It was created for broad release on the Internet.

## Plot

To impress a girl that he likes, Wallace "Suitcase" Jefferson applies for a job at the newly formed NASA. Unfortunately, since America's "love affair with racism was in full swing", Jefferson learns that NASA is whites-only. Undaunted, Jefferson and his friend "Loopie" Louie Hays form their own astronaut group. Their creation—the Negro American Space Society of Astronauts (NASSA)—is a resounding success, with more than 240 "blackstronauts" signing up by 1960. The venture also brings personal success to Jefferson—he wins the girl's heart and later marries her.

Using spaceships cobbled together from old rocket engines, landing capsules, a school bus, and a used Cadillac, NASSA quickly becomes a major player in the space race. Its members farm out across the country, barnstorming in small towns to raise money and becoming minor celebrities. In Washington, the US government worries about losing the space race to the Soviet Union, but is "ten times as worried" about losing the race to NASSA.

Like NASA, NASSA suffers some significant setbacks. Sullivan Carew dies a hero's death when his rocket-powered school bus burns up in the atmosphere, while Peter "Stinky Pete" Carver catches fire in an Illinois church parking lot. Unlike NASA, however, the blackstronauts refuse to slow the pace of their program (Stinky Pete is extinguished and makes another launch the following day).

The film features a letter from Sullivan Carew to his wife written two days before his death. It is a parody of the real-life letter by Union Army soldier Sullivan Ballou, which was used by Ken Burns in his documentary *The Civil War*.

NASA attempts to lure away those members of NASSA who have light skin and can pass as white, including Gordon Cooper and Buzz Aldrin. When this fails to produce the desired effect, the government issues a "black blackout" and forces the mainstream media to focus only on negative issues affecting the black community. Soon the newspapers are full of stories about crime and riots, and the achievements of NASSA go unreported.

On September 31, 1966, Suitcase Jefferson and Louie Hayes land their rocket-powered Coupe de Ville on the surface of the Moon and return safely to Earth. Their amazing feat is buried by the black blackout, and appears on page 34 of the *Cincinnati Enquirer* (and, presumably, gets the same treatment in other papers). The article reads as follows:

> **Negroes Land on Moon**
>
> Talk about getting lost! Wallace Jefferson and Louis Hayes, both negroes, have wandered all the way to the moon!
>
> The hapless pair entered lunar orbit late yesterday afternoon and finally landed on the surface of the moon several hours later. They plan to return later this week.
>
> The incident is not a total tragedy. "We may want to talk with these negroes," said NASA mission commander Deke Slayton. "Their mishap may just help us in our goal to land a man on the moon by the end of the decade."

Saddened by the nation's lack of interest in their heroics, Jefferson and his friends decide to shut down NASSA.

## Reception

*The Old Negro Space Program* was nominated for the 2005 Nebula Award for Best Script, but was ruled ineligible because the film "did not meet the requirement of professional release, or the 12 month period for nomination (after professional release) expired prior to the film receiving enough nominations to be placed on the ballot;" the SFWA, administrators of the award, stated that the disqualification in no way reflected on the work's quality.

P. Djèlí Clark considered it to be "\[c\]leverly done" and "funny", and noted that it "addresses issues ranging from institutional racism to white co-option of black achievement" — while also observing that it could be interpreted as "mocking *real* issues of black oppression and rendering them as entertainment, thus diluting their importance".

At *Slate*, Phil Plait called it "brilliant".

## Cast

## Known Blackstronauts

The following members of NASSA were shown or named in the film:

* Wallace "Suitcase" Jefferson - co-founder, landed on Moon
* "Loopie" Louie Hayes - co-founder, immortalized in song, landed on Moon
* "Rocket" Randall
* Sullivan Carew - died in re-entry
* Peter "Stinky Pete" Carver - caught fire the night before a mission launch in Elgin, IL
* "Buzz" Aldrin \- Co-opted by NASA during the "black blackout", since he could pass for white
* Gordon Cooper \- Co-opted by NASA during the "black blackout", since he could pass for white

1. "The Old Negro Space Program ruled ineligible for 2005 Nebula Award". Sfwa.org. January 31, 2006. Archived from the original on February 13, 2006. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
2. The Old Negro Space Program, by P. Djèlí Clark; at DisgruntledHaradrim.com; published April 20, 2012; retrieved March 19, 2023
3. The forgotten NASA history… and some slackers, by Phil Plait; at *Slate*; published August 18, 2005; retrieved March 19, 2023

## InfoBox

| The Old Negro Space Program | |
| --- | --- |
| NASSA Lineup | |
| Directed by | Andy Bobrow |
| Written by | Andy Bobrow |
| Starring | Johnny Brown, Andy Bobrow |
| Narrated by | Rodney Saulsberry |
| Release date | * 2004 (2004) |
| Running time | 10/11 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Old Museum of Wisteria

abstract: The Old Museum of Wisteria is a small historical building and museum, where Su Shi is believed to have spent the final years of his life in Changzhou, China. It was originally known as the Sun pavilion. Records indicate that in the year 1172, the pavilion and a statue were built in memory of Su Dongpo. Originally constructed during the Ming dynasty, much of the original pavilion remains. The lintel is carved in a design known as 'Fangsheng'—bars of stone are placed on it, each having four characters carved upon it: Teng, Hua, Jiu and Guan. The present name of the museum derives from Wisteria plantings which are said to have been planted, along with begonias, by Su Dongpo himself.

text:
# The Old Museum of Wisteria

**The Old Museum of Wisteria** (Chinese: 藤花旧馆) is a small historical building and museum, where Su Shi is believed to have spent the final years of his life in Changzhou, China. It was originally known as the Sun pavilion. Records indicate that in the year 1172, the pavilion and a statue were built in memory of Su Dongpo. Originally constructed during the Ming dynasty, much of the original pavilion remains. The lintel is carved in a design known as 'Fangsheng'bars of stone are placed on it, each having four characters carved upon it: Teng, Hua, Jiu and Guan. The present name of the museum derives from Wisteria plantings which are said to have been planted, along with begonias, by Su Dongpo himself.

31°46′38″N 119°57′37″E / 31.77732°N 119.96027°E / 31.77732; 119.96027


title: Marigny-les-Usages

abstract: Marigny-les-Usages is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

text:
# Marigny-les-Usages

**Marigny-les-Usages** (French pronunciation: \[maʁiɲi le.z‿yzaʒ\]) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

## InfoBox

| Marigny-les-Usages | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Marigny-les-Usages | |
|  | |
| Location of Marigny-les-Usages | |
| Marigny-les-UsagesMarigny-les-Usages | |
| Coordinates: 47°57′28″N 2°01′02″E / 47.9578°N 2.0172°E / 47.9578; 2.0172 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Loiret |
| Arrondissement | Orléans |
| Canton | Fleury-les-Aubrais |
| Intercommunality | Orléans Métropole |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Philippe Beaumont |
| Area**1** | 9.66 km2 (3.73 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,818 |
| Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 45197 /45760 |
| Elevation | 103–138 m (338–453 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Marigny German war cemetery

abstract: Marigny German war cemetery is a German World War II cemetery in Normandy, France. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Saint-Lô. The cemetery contains in excess of 11,000 German military personnel and is maintained and managed by the German War Graves Commission.

text:
# Marigny German war cemetery

**Marigny German war cemetery** is a German World War II cemetery in Normandy, France. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Saint-Lô. The cemetery contains in excess of 11,000 German military personnel and is maintained and managed by the German War Graves Commission (*Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge*).

## History

Marigny was originally the site of a battlefield cemetery, established by the United States Army Graves Registration Service during the war, where American and German soldiers, sailors and airmen were buried in two adjacent fields.

In 1945 and 1946 the American war dead were relocated in 3,070 graves to the cemetery in St. Laurent-sur-Mer. In 1957 the Reburial Service of the German War Graves Commission interred German soldiers from numerous small graveyards and field graves at Marigny. The graveyard was created as five long blocks of graves with a banked outer boundary. Ceramics plaques bear the name, rank, and dates of birth and death of two soldiers. The cemetery contains a total of 11,169 graves.

In 1958 the buildings and gardens were created by the German War Graves Commission. The main entrance to the graveyard was built in the style of a Norman village church. The cemetery is now surrounded by a stone wall. The cemetery was inaugurated on September 20, 1961.

## Personal fates

The majority of the fallen in the graveyard date from the American advance during Operation Cobra in the summer of 1944.

## Volunteer maintenance

Unlike the American and Commonwealth War Graves Commissions, the German Commission is entirely voluntary and relies on gifts and collections to further its work. During the summer months school children visit the area to tend the graves. They volunteer to work with the Volksbund during their school holidays and visit American and German war cemeteries, memorials, sites of the invasion and take part in the memorial ceremony with veterans.

Panoramic photograph of Marigny German war cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Marigny German war cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
| German War Graves Commission
*(Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge*) | |
| The German military cemetery in Marigny | |
| Used for those deceased 1944 | |
| Established | 1944 (Finished 1961) |
| Location | 49°06′49″N 1°14′09″W / 49.11361°N 1.23583°W / 49.11361; -1.23583
near Saint-Lô, Calvados, France |
| Total burials | 11,169 |
| Burials by nation | |
| Germany | |
| Burials by war | |
| World War II | |


title: The Minister's Daughter (1943 film)

abstract: The Minister's Daughter is a 1943 Argentine comedy film directed by Francisco Múgica and starring Enrique Serrano, Silvana Roth and Juan Carlos Thorry. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ricardo J. Conord. It reflects Peronist ideology even though it premiered several months before the June Revolution.

text:
# The Minister's Daughter (1943 film)

***The Minister's Daughter*** (Spanish: ***La hija del ministro***) is a 1943 Argentine comedy film directed by Francisco Múgica and starring Enrique Serrano, Silvana Roth and Juan Carlos Thorry. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ricardo J. Conord. It reflects Peronist ideology even though it premiered several months before the June Revolution.

## Synopsis

Adriana is the daughter of a factory owner who has recently been appointed a minister. She is angered when her father is criticised by Luis Orlandi a socialist deputy. In order to assist her father she poses as one of his employees and goes to Orlandi for help, hoping to gain information that will help her father. Instead, she discovers that her father has been selling defective products. She and Orlandi ultimately fall in love and she joins his commitment to help the underprivileged.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Richard, Alfred. *Censorship and Hollywood's Hispanic image: an interpretive filmography, 1936-1955*. Greenwood Press, 1993.
* Thompson, Currue K. *Picturing Argentina: Myths, Movies, and the Peronist Vision*. Cambria Press, 2014.

## InfoBox

| The Minister's Daughter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Francisco Múgica |
| Written by | Carlos A. Olivari
Francisco Oyarzábal
Sixto Pondal Ríos |
| Starring | Enrique Serrano
Silvana Roth
Juan Carlos Thorry |
| Cinematography | Alfredo Traverso |
| Edited by | Antonio Rampoldi |
| Music by | Bert Rosé |
| Production
company | Lumiton |
| Distributed by | Lumiton |
| Release date | * 3 February 1943 (1943-02-03) |
| Running time | 77 minutes |
| Country | Argentina |
| Language | Spanish |


title: George Cheever Farm

abstract: The George Cheever Farm is a historic farmstead at the corner of Nelson and Tolman Pond Roads in Harrisville, New Hampshire. This 1½-story wood-frame house was built in the early 1860s, and is a well-preserved example of a period farmhouse. It is architecturally distinctive because of a rear saltbox style addition, and its shed-roof dormers. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

text:
# George Cheever Farm

The **George Cheever Farm** is a historic farmstead at the corner of Nelson and Tolman Pond Roads in Harrisville, New Hampshire. This 1½-story wood-frame house was built in the early 1860s, and is a well-preserved example of a period farmhouse. It is architecturally distinctive because of a rear saltbox style addition, and its shed-roof dormers. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## Description and history

The George Cheever Farm is located in a rural setting northwest of the village center of Harrisville, standing on a knoll close to the V-shaped junction of Nelson and Tolman Pond Roads. It is a 1½-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is three bays wide, with the left two obscured by an enclosed shed-roof porch. The front roof face is pierced by two shed-roof dormers, and the rear is extended by a saltbox-style ell, whose roof is at a lower pitch than the main roof. A single-story ell extends to the left side of the main block. The exterior styling of the house is vernacular, with simple corner boards and window surrounds.

The house was built sometime between 1860 and 1863 by George Cheever, a farmer. The house is one of a modest number of mid-19th century farmhouses surviving in the town, and bears some resemblance to the slightly earlier Jabez Townsend House.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| George Cheever Farm | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Intersection of Nelson and Tolman Pond Rds., Harrisville, New Hampshire |
| Coordinates | 42°57′19″N 72°7′15″W / 42.95528°N 72.12083°W / 42.95528; -72.12083 |
| Area | 0.4 acres (0.16 ha) |
| Built | 1860 (1860) |
| MPS | Harrisville MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86003238 |
| Added to NRHP | January 14, 1988 |


title: Hap Glaudi

abstract: Lloyd Alfred "Hap" Glaudi was lead sportscaster for New Orleans CBS affiliate WWL-TV. He was part of a trio of colorful sportscasters in New Orleans from the beginning of the 1960s extending up until almost 2000. The others were Wayne Mack of the New Orleans NBC affiliate WDSU-TV, and Buddy Diliberto of then New Orleans ABC affiliate WVUE-TV. All three had distinct personas, fitting of New Orleans's unique culture, with Glaudi being known as the "Dean of New Orleans Sportscasters". Photographs of Hap Glaudi appear at the Radio Theatre of New Orleans website.

text:
# Hap Glaudi

**Lloyd Alfred "Hap" Glaudi** (November 7, 1912 – December 29, 1989) was lead sportscaster for New Orleans CBS affiliate WWL-TV. He was part of a trio of colorful sportscasters in New Orleans from the beginning of the 1960s extending up until almost 2000. The others were Wayne Mack of the New Orleans NBC affiliate WDSU-TV, and Buddy Diliberto of then New Orleans ABC affiliate WVUE-TV. All three had distinct personas, fitting of New Orleans's unique culture, with Glaudi being known as the "Dean of New Orleans Sportscasters". Photographs of Hap Glaudi appear at the Radio Theatre of New Orleans website.

## Early life and education

A lifelong resident of New Orleans, Lloyd Alfred Glaudi was born on November 7, 1912. He attended Jesuit High School (New Orleans), giving him his first connection to institutions owned and operated by the Society of Jesus. It was at Jesuit High School that Glaudi earned the moniker "Hap", as he was always happy and that characterization was contracted to "Hap". Fellow broadcaster Ron Brocato reported that Glaudi himself financed his high school education through fortunate winnings at the horse race track. Brocato reported, "He \[Glaudi\] earned his tuition betting on a winning longshot at the Fair Grounds given to him by a bookie." During his freshman year at Jesuit High he entered the English Writing Contest with a story about an exercise boy at the New Orleans Fairgrounds who discovers a criminal plot. His story won the Gold Medal and the then school president told Hap he wouldn't have to pay tuition in the future.

Glaudi continued to higher education at Loyola University of New Orleans, maintaining strong ties to the Society of Jesus. Glaudi commenced his professional journalism career with the now defunct *New Orleans Item* newspaper, one of two major daily afternoon newspapers serving New Orleans at the time. During Glaudi's 25-year tenure with the *Item*, Glaudi became feature sportswriter for high school sports in the Greater New Orleans area, endearing him to many locals. Prep sports, together with horse racing, became particular areas of passion for Glaudi as a sports journalist. Healthy competition at the time between Glaudi and New Orleans Times-Picayune sports writer N. Charles Wicker made this a "Golden Age of Prep Sports", according to journalist Brocato's reports.

## Television broadcasting career

In 1964, he played a “Townsman” on *Gunsmoke*, playing the episode “Aunt Thede” (S10E13). Doc Adams even calls him “Hap”.

Hap Glaudi's transition to broadcast journalism coincided with the rise of local television news, as afternoon daily newspapers declined in circulation. Glaudi became WWL-TV's lead sportscaster in 1964, a tenure that would extend until 1978. It is noteworthy that Jesuit-educated Glaudi would sign on professionally with then Jesuit-owned WWL-TV, true to his Jesuit roots. During this time, WWL-TV emerged as the premier local television news station in New Orleans, with Glaudi as lead sportscaster. As WWL-TV's evening news long remained at the top of the local television ratings, and with Glaudi handling the sports portion of the evening news, the local broadcast community informally dubbed Glaudi the "Dean of New Orleans Sportscasters". With a soft spot for horse racing and prep sports, these remained a focal point of Glaudi's broadcasts, continuing even after the arrival of the New Orleans Saints to the market in 1967.

He was often teamed with newscasters Garland Robinette and Angela Hill as well as meteorologists Al Duckworth and Nash Roberts, providing a team chemistry with considerable appeal to the New Orleans broadcasting market. A flavor for Hap Glaudi's distinct style is easily seen in WWL-TV's own video report of Glaudi's death on December 29, 1989. He was succeeded on WWL-TV by Jim Henderson. A history of New Orleans television, including Glaudi and the WWL-TV news team of the 60s and 70s has been published.

## Other work

Glaudi added radio to his broadcasting outlets featuring affiliated radio station WWL (AM), which broadcast New Orleans Saints football games. Glaudi provided post-game analysis in the form of a call-in radio show variously named "Hap's Fifth Quarter" or "Hap's Point After", in addition to other broadcasting duties for WWL. Outspoken and passionate though he was about the Saints, Glaudi never took issue with even the most opinionated and overbearing of callers.

WWL (AM) being a 50,000 watt "clear-channel station", Glaudi's radio broadcasts were heard through much of the United States and even into Ontario, Canada. It was a result of his AM radio broadcasts that Glaudi began to have national exposure.

New Orleans during the 1960s suffered a deep racial divide that extended into prep sports. Publicly prodded by Glaudi, then predominantly white Jesuit High School and then predominantly African-American St. Augustine High School agreed to play each other in high school basketball in 1965, being the two top New Orleans area prep basketball teams. This event commenced the end of the racial divide in high school sports in the New Orleans area. This event inspired the made-for-television movie *Passing Glory*.

Jesuit High School (New Orleans) offers a Lloyd (Hap) Glaudi Scholarship.

Glaudi was the first sportscaster to be named to the New Orleans Prep Sports Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

Glaudi appeared in a December 19, 1964, episode of CBS-TV's hit show *Gunsmoke*, "Aunt Thede," in a bit part as a Townsman. A common practice at the time was for the major networks to select individuals that they perceived as local celebrities to take bit parts in the parent network's popular television shows both to promote their show and their affiliates.

Glaudi lived in New Orleans all of his life, with his wife Millie and three daughters, who maintain close ties to the Greater New Orleans area, until his death of lung cancer at age 77, on December 29, 1989.

## InfoBox

| External images | |
| --- | --- |
| Images of Hap Glaudi | |
| Images | |
| Portrait of Hap Glaudi at a broadcaster's desk, image from the *New Orleans Times-Picayune* | |
| Video | |
| Video of Glaudi, as seen on Youtube | |


title: Glyphidocera paenulae

abstract: Glyphidocera paenulae is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.

text:
# Glyphidocera paenulae

***Glyphidocera paenulae*** is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Glyphidocera paenulae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Autostichidae |
| Genus: | *Glyphidocera* |
| Species: | ***G. paenulae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glyphidocera paenulae***<br>Adamski, 2005 | |
|


title: Franz Speta

abstract: Franz Speta was an Austrian botanist. He specialized in bulbous plants, especially the Hyacinthaceae. The standard author abbreviation Speta is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

text:
# Franz Speta

**Franz Speta** (22 December 1941 – 5 December 2015) was an Austrian botanist. He specialized in bulbous plants, especially the Hyacinthaceae. The standard author abbreviation Speta is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Career

Speta worked as an apprentice for a clerk. He then studied at the University of Vienna in the Department of Botany and Zoology. He wrote among professors such as Lothar Geitler and Tschermak Woess about the "evolution and karyology of elaiosomes to fruit and seeds." In 1972, he received a Ph.D.

From 1970, he was a research associate at the Upper Austrian Provincial Museum Linz, initially as Head of botany and invertebrates, from 1985 as director deputy of the National Museum and 1990 to 1991 as interim director. From 1993 to 2003 he was head of the newly founded Biology Centre of the National Museum.

In 1982, he received the venia legendi of Systematic Botany at the University of Salzburg. In 1994, he became the Councilor appointed.

## Research

The research focus of Speta was the bulbous plants, especially the Hyacinthaceae focusing Scilla and Ornithogalum. Other subjects are the tribes Antirrhineae the Scrophulariaceae, and Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae). He has published about 100 scientific papers.

He also has approximately 50 biographical works, primarily about botany.


title: Payam (administrative division)

abstract: A payam is the second-lowest administrative division, below counties, in South Sudan. Payams are required to have a minimum population of 25,000. They are further subdivided into a variable number of bomas. As of 2017, South Sudan has 540 payams and 2500 bomas. The unit of administration was introduced by the SPLM/A and formalized at the National Convention of New Sudan. The equivalent unit in neighboring Kenya and Uganda is sub-county.

text:
# Payam (administrative division)

A **payam** is the second-lowest administrative division, below counties, in South Sudan. Payams are required to have a minimum population of 25,000. They are further subdivided into a variable number of *bomas*. As of 2017, South Sudan has 540 *payams* and 2500 *bomas*.

The unit of administration was introduced by the SPLM/A and formalized at the National Convention of New Sudan. The equivalent unit in neighboring Kenya and Uganda is sub-county.


title: Merankhre Mentuhotep

abstract: Merankhre Mentuhotep VI was a Theban king of the Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. He was perhaps the 14th king of the dynasty.

text:
# Merankhre Mentuhotep

**Merankhre Mentuhotep VI** was a Theban king of the Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. He was perhaps the 14th king of the dynasty.

## Attestations

Merankhre Mentuhotep is only attested through two statuettes, JE 37418/CG 42021 and BM EA 65429. The first, discovered in the Karnak cachette by Georges Legrain, is missing its head and feet and gives the king's nomen and prenomen as well as a dedication to the god Sobek, lord of *smnw*. The second statuette, whose origin is unknown, also bears the titulary of the king but with no dedication.

Another possible attestation of Merankhre Mentuhotep VI is given by a fragment of a wooden coffin, now in the British Museum under the catalog number BM EA 29997. The coffin bears the following text:

> The Patrician, Royal Representative, Eldest King's son, the Senior Commander Herunefer, true of voice, who was begotten by king Mentuhotep, true of voice, and borne by the senior Queen Sitmut.

The prenomen of the king Mentuhotep is missing and the identification of this Mentuhotep remains problematic. Kim Ryholt notes however that the coffin is also inscribed with an early version of passages of the Book of the Dead, which is one of only two pre-New Kingdom inscriptions of this text. Thus, Ryholt argues that this Mentuhotep must have reigned during the late Second Intermediate Period. Thus three kings could possibly be the one mentioned on the coffin: Seankhenre Mentuhotepi, Sewadjare Mentuhotep V and Merankhre Mentuhotep VI. Although it sounds similar to Mentuhotep, Ryholt has shown that Mentuhotepi is a different name than Mentuhotep and would therefore not have been reported as Mentuhotep. To decide between the two remaining kings, Ryholt notes that the other instance of the Book of the Dead is found on the coffin of queen Mentuhotep, wife of Djehuti, the second pharaoh of the 16th Dynasty who reigned c. 1645 BC. In this case, the text is almost identical to that found on Herunefer's coffin, which argues for a close proximity in time between the two. While Sewadjare Mentuhotep reigned c. 10 years before Djehuti, Merankhre Mentuhotep is believed to have reigned 60 years after him. Hence, Ryholt concludes that Sewadjare Mentuhotep is the Mentuhotep of the coffin, Sitmut his queen and Herunefer his son. This identification is far from certain however, and Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton have instead dated the coffin to the end of the 16th dynasty, thereby giving Herunefer as the son of Merankhre Mentuhotep VI and Sitmut as his wife.

## Chronological position

Merankhre Mentuhotep is not attested on the surviving fragments of the Turin canon, his reign and those of four other kings of the end of the 16th Dynasty being lost in a lacuna. For this reason, the exact chronological position as well as the length of his reign cannot be ascertained. Ryholt proposes that Merankhre Mentuhotep was a king of the late 16th dynasty based on two arguments. First, his prenomen Merankhre has the form *X-ankh-re*, similar to that of Djedankhre Montemsaf and both kings bear the nomen *Montu-X* which indicates that they succeeded one another closely in time. Second, the first statuette of Merankhre Mentuhotep is dedicated to Sobek of *smnw* (Sumenu) and was therefore probably set up at el-Mahamid Qibli near Gebelein where both Dedumose II and Djedankhre Montemsaf are attested before being moved to the Karnak cachette at a later point in time, perhaps at the collapse of the dynasty.

In an older study conducted in 1964 by Jürgen von Beckerath, Merankhre Mentuhotep was classified as a king of the 13th Dynasty.

Media related to Merankhre Mentuhotep at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox


title: Whitney McVeigh

abstract: Whitney Osborn McVeigh is an American multimedia artist living and working in London. Born in New York City, she grew up in London from the age of seven.

text:
# Whitney McVeigh

**Whitney Osborn McVeigh** (born 1968) is an American multimedia artist living and working in London. Born in New York City, she grew up in London from the age of seven.

## Early life

McVeigh is the daughter of Pamela Osborn and Charles McVeigh III, an American banker. She attended Bedales School from 1980 to 1985. Whilst studying for a BA at Edinburgh College of Art from 1995 to 1998, McVeigh ran a funk, reggae, and rare groove night club named 'Chocolate City' with her then boyfriend Jamie Byng, publisher and managing director of Canongate Books, whom she married in 1996 and with whom she has two children, Leo and Marley. Byng and McVeigh separated in 2001.

## Exhibitions

She has travelled extensively to carry out her practice and has held residencies in India, Mexico, China and the Nirox Foundation in South Africa. McVeigh considers herself an autobiographical artist. Exhibitions include Plato in L.A.: Contemporary Artists' Visions at the Getty Villa, Los Angeles *Inventory: Invisible Companion* at St Peter's Church, Kettle's Yard, Cambridge., solo project at the Gervasuti Foundation for the 55th Venice Biennale *Hunting Song*. and New Work at the A Foundation, London (2009).

McVeigh made a film-based artwork during a trip to Syria to create Sight of Memory, screened in Icastica Arezzo 2013. In 2015, she produced a film in collaboration with Pulse Films. 'Birth': Origins at the end of life' shown at the Reynolds Room at Royal Academy as part of an annual event with St Christopher's. McVeigh exhibited Language of Memory at Summerhall Arts Centre, Edinburgh in 2015–16. In 2009 she was featured in BBC Four Where is Modern Art Now. From 2014-2019, McVeigh was Fellow in Creative Practice at London College of Fashion.

## InfoBox

| Whitney McVeigh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Whitney Osborn McVeigh
1968 (age 5556)
New York City, U.S. |
| Education | Bedales School
Edinburgh College of Art |
| Spouse | Jamie Byng (sep. 2001) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Emma Nevada

abstract: Emma Nevada was an American operatic coloratura soprano particularly known for her performances in operas by Bellini and Donizetti and the French composers Ambroise Thomas, Charles Gounod, and Léo Delibes. Considered one of the finest coloratura sopranos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, her most famous roles were Amina in La sonnambula, and the title roles in Lakmé, Mignon, Mireille, and Lucia di Lammermoor.

text:
# Emma Nevada

**Emma Nevada** (née **Wixom**) (7 February 1859 – 20 June 1940) was an American operatic coloratura soprano particularly known for her performances in operas by Bellini and Donizetti and the French composers Ambroise Thomas, Charles Gounod, and Léo Delibes. Considered one of the finest coloratura sopranos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, her most famous roles were Amina in *La sonnambula*, and the title roles in *Lakmé*, *Mignon*, *Mireille*, and *Lucia di Lammermoor*.

## Biography

Emma Nevada was born in Alpha, California, to Maria O'Boy Wixom and Dr. William Wallace Wixom, who was the physician for the gold mine camp there. She spent her early childhood in nearby Nevada City (from which she took her stage name) before the family moved to Austin, Nevada, where a new silver mine had opened. A gifted linguist who learned sign language for the deaf and spoke Paiute, Washoe and Shoshone, she studied Spanish, Italian, French and German at Mills College in California as well as music. She then studied singing for three years in Vienna with Mathilde Marchesi before making her stage debut at Her Majesty's Theatre in London as Amina in *La sonnambula* on 17 May 1880. She was an adept fencer and also practiced with Indian clubs to maintain her physical stamina for singing opera.

Debuts followed at La Scala in Milan in 1881 and the Opéra-Comique in Paris in 1883 when she sang Zora in Félicien-César David's *La perle du Brésil*. In 1884 she toured the United States with Mapleson's opera company, after which she returned to Europe where she continued to sing in leading opera houses and concert halls. The Mapleson tour was the only time she sang on the opera stages of her native country, although she did return to the United States for concert tours in 1885, 1899, and 1901. Pablo Casals was one of the trio of musicians accompanying her in the 1901 concerts.

In October 1885, Nevada married Raymond Palmer, an English physician, who was to become her manager. The wedding took place in Paris with Ambroise Thomas giving the bride away. The couple settled in Paris and had one daughter, Mignon, who also became an opera singer under the stage name of Mignon Nevada. Mignon's godparents were Ambroise Thomas and Mathilde Marchesi.

Nevada's last performance was in *Lakmé* in Berlin in 1910, after which she retired from the stage and taught singing in England. Emma Nevada died near Liverpool at the age of 81. A medallion with her portrait, along with those of Giuditta Pasta and Maria Malibran, adorns Bellini's monument in Naples.

Her flute-like voice was small but she used it expertly—Sir Thomas Beecham immediately christened her "a natural coloratura equal to any of her contemporaries."

The actress Erin O'Brien was cast as Emma Nevada in the 1960 episode, "Emma Is Coming", on the syndicated anthology series, *Death Valley Days*, hosted by Stanley Andrews. The episode is set in Austin, Nevada, where she was reared. Rick Jason was cast as Duke Clayton, a local tough-guy who developed a fond interest in Emma, and Alan Reed played Emma's manager, James Henry Mapleson.

## Sources


title: Ouani Airport

abstract: Ouani Airport is an airport in Anjouan, Comoros.

text:
# Ouani Airport

**Ouani Airport** (IATA: **AJN**, ICAO: **FMCV**) is an airport in Anjouan, Comoros.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Air Madagascar | Antananarivo |
| Ewa Air | Dzaoudzi |
| Precision Air | Dar es Salaam, Moroni |

## InfoBox

| Ouani Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Location | Anjouan, Comoros |
| Elevation AMSL | 62 ft / 19 m |
| Coordinates | 12°07′54″S 044°25′49″E / 12.13167°S 44.43028°E / -12.13167; 44.43028 |
| Map | |
| AJNLocation of airport in Comoros | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  10/28 1,350 4,429 Asphalt | |


title: Takehisa Matsumoto

abstract: Takehisa Matsumoto is a professional go player.

text:
# Takehisa Matsumoto

**Takehisa Matsumoto** (松本武久, **Matsumoto Takehisa**, born September 8, 1980 in Gotō, Nagasaki, Japan) is a professional go player.

## Biography

Takehisa is a student of top title holder Cho Chikun. In 1997 he became a professional at the Nihon Ki-in institute in Japan. He quickly moved up the ranks, being promoted to 3 dan just the next year. In 2003 he reached a total number of 200 wins as a professional go player. In 2006 he won his first title, the Shinjin-O. His opponent in the final was Ko Iso. Takehisa took the first game, but Ko would come back and take the second. The title came down to the last game, and Takehisa won by 5.5 points.

## Titles

| Title | Years Held |
| --- | --- |
| **Current** | **1** |
| Shinjin-O | 2006 |
| **Total** | **1** |

## InfoBox

| Takehisa Matsumoto | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Takehisa Matsumoto |
| Kanji | 松本武久 |
| Born | (1980-09-08) September 8, 1980<br>Gotō, Nagasaki, Japan |
| Residence | Tokyo, Japan |
| Teacher | Cho Chikun |
| Turned pro | 1997 |
| Rank | 8 dan |
| Affiliation | Nihon Ki-in |


title: Emperor system

abstract: Emperor system means the Japanese monarchy or state-system centered on the emperor, known in Japanese as the Tennō. In a narrow sense, "emperor system" refers to the monarchy or the emperor-centered system in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan. In a broad sense, "Emperor system" includes even the Symbolic Emperor System. Under Empire of Japan's political system, which called for the legitimacy of political domination by Tennō rule, the term "Emperor system" was officially prohibited; it became an academic term when free discussions on the term "Emperor system" were held in postwar Japan and research papers using the term "Emperor system" were published.

text:
# Emperor system

**Emperor system** (天皇制, *Tennōsei*) means the Japanese monarchy or state-system centered on the emperor, known in Japanese as the *Tennō*.

In a narrow sense, "emperor system" refers to the monarchy or the emperor-centered system in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan. In a broad sense, "Emperor system" includes even the Symbolic Emperor System.

Under Empire of Japan's political system, which called for the legitimacy of political domination by *Tennō* rule, the term "Emperor system" was officially prohibited; it became an academic term when free discussions on the term "Emperor system" were held in postwar Japan and research papers using the term "Emperor system" were published.

## History

Around the A.D. 3rd century, the decomposition of the primitive community progressed, and the leaders of the primitive community elevated themselves as priests of the primitive religion to transcendental beings close to God and reigned as military and political rulers. In this phone call from the primitive monarchy to the ancient monarchy, regimes were formed in each Japanese region with the powerful head as the king. In it, the head of power in Kinai formed the Yamato regime, calling it "Okimi" as the leader of a coalition of governments.

The title "Emperor" (天皇) was in 689 (Jitō period) that the Japan's king. Under the Ritsuryō established at the beginning of the 8th century, the emperor established himself as a Chinese style emperor with diplomatic and military authority, control authority, appointment of officials, and punishment rights. However, at the end of the 12th century, when Minamoto no Yoritomo destroyed the Taira clan and established the Kamakura Shogunate, he effectively deprived the emperor of an important part of his rule, and later, before the Meiji era, the Shogunate system was maintained as the *de facto* ruler of Japan for a long time.

By the end of the Edo period, the *Sonnō jōi* movement had spread, while the *Tennō* emerged as the core of the Tobaku movement (倒幕運動, lit. "anti-Shogunate movement"). The new Meiji government overthrew the Edo Shogunate and established the Meiji Restoration and established the Meiji Constitution, establishing the *Tennō* as the head of state.

Government of Meiji Japan is recognized the introduction of a parliamentary system amid the disgruntled shizoku rebellion and the growth of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. The Meiji government was modeled after that of the German Empire. Under this style of government, Japan became a modern state; the culture of sanctifying the emperor helped it to achieve unity.

During the prewar Shōwa era, ultranationalism was exploited by militarists and statist politicians who put forward *Tennō* is authority, which was considered sacred, leading to World War II.

The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, which occupied Japan after its defeat in the Pacific War, dismantled the "Emperor system". Among its results was the Humanity Declaration issued by the then reigning *Tennō*, Hirohito. The "Emperor system" was replaced by the "Symbolic Emperor System", with the *Tennō* as a national symbol with no political power.


title: Taizy

abstract: Taizy is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

text:
# Taizy

**Taizy** (French pronunciation: \[tɛzi\]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 124 |  |
| 1968 | 125 | +0.8% |
| 1975 | 102 | −18.4% |
| 1982 | 105 | +2.9% |
| 1990 | 112 | +6.7% |
| 1999 | 109 | −2.7% |
| 2008 | 107 | −1.8% |

## InfoBox

| Taizy | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Taizy | |
| Location of Taizy | |
| TaizyTaizy | |
| Coordinates: 49°31′19″N 4°15′37″E / 49.5219°N 4.2603°E / 49.5219; 4.2603 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Ardennes |
| Arrondissement | Rethel |
| Canton | Château-Porcien |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Sylvain Potier |
| Area**1** | 9.11 km2 (3.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 103 |
| Density | 11/km2 (29/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 08438 /08360 |
| Elevation | 66–136 m (217–446 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Our Cubehouse Still Rocks

abstract: Our Cubehouse Still Rocks is the fourth album by the Boston Spaceships, released in 2010. The title refers to a passage from Finnegans Wake, the classic modernist novel by James Joyce. This album is the highest rated Boston Spaceships release on Metacritic, exceeding Let It Beard. This release is also the highest rating Robert Pollard project on the site, with his solo album, Lord Of The Birdcage, being his highest rating album in general.

text:
# Our Cubehouse Still Rocks

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | (78/100) |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | (7.4/10) |
| Allmusic |  |

***Our Cubehouse Still Rocks*** is the fourth album by the Boston Spaceships, released in 2010. The title refers to a passage from *Finnegans Wake*, the classic modernist novel by James Joyce. This album is the highest rated Boston Spaceships release on Metacritic, exceeding *Let It Beard*. This release is also the highest rating Robert Pollard project on the site, with his solo album, *Lord Of The Birdcage*, being his highest rating album in general.

## Track listing

All songs written by Robert Pollard.

Side A

1. *Track Star* \- 3.08
2. *John The Dwarf Wants To Become An Angel* \- 2.49
3. *I See You Coming* \- 2.53
4. *Fly Away (Terry Sez)* \- 2.46
5. *Trick Of The Telekinetic Newlyweds* \- 2.36
6. *Saints Don't Lie* \- 3.09
7. *The British And The French* \- 1.45
8. *Unshaven Bird* \- 2.28

Side B -

1. *Come On Baby Grace* \- 2.34
2. *Freedom Rings* \- 3.53
3. *Stunted* \- 2.12
4. *Bombadine* \- 2.07
5. *Airwaves* \- 2.29
6. *Dunkirk Is Frozen* \- 2.44
7. *King Green Stamp* \- 1.53
8. *In The Bathroom (Up 1/2 The Night)* \- 3.08

### Personnel

* Robert Pollard - vocals
* John Moen - drums, percussion
* Chris Slusarenko - guitar, bass, keyboards

## InfoBox

| Our Cubehouse Still Rocks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Boston Spaceships | |
| Released | 2010 |
| Genre | Alternative rock, Indie, Lo-fi |
| Label | Guided By Voices Inc. |
| Boston Spaceships chronology | |
| *Zero to 99*
(2009) ***Our Cubehouse Still Rocks***
(2010) *Let It Beard*
(2011) | |


title: Our Culture, What's Left of It

abstract: Our Culture, What's Left of It: The Mandarins and the Masses is a 2005 non-fiction book by British physician and writer Theodore Dalrymple. It is composed of twenty-six separate pieces that cover a wide range of topics from drug legalisation to the influence of Shakespeare. A common theme is criticism of modern society in Great Britain and, in many articles, social attitudes towards literature. The book was published by the Ivan R. Dee group. He generally describes British culture as a "moral swamp" and writes that the people must return to past traditions before it is too late.

text:
# Our Culture, What's Left of It

***Our Culture, What's Left of It: The Mandarins and the Masses*** is a 2005 non-fiction book by British physician and writer Theodore Dalrymple. It is composed of twenty-six separate pieces that cover a wide range of topics from drug legalisation to the influence of Shakespeare. A common theme is criticism of modern society in Great Britain and, in many articles, social attitudes towards literature. The book was published by the Ivan R. Dee group. He generally describes British culture as a "moral swamp" and writes that the people must return to past traditions before it is too late.

## Contents

As a common theme, Dalrymple depicts what he sees as "the moral swamp that is contemporary Britain". He criticises current British national culture as "a banal, self-pitying, witless and shallow emotional incontinence". He advocates a restoration of what he calls traditional British virtues such as "prudence, thrift, industry, honesty, moderation, politeness, self-restraint".

He condemns the secularisation of British society, writing:

> The loss of the religious understanding of the human condition— that man is a fallen creature for whom virtue is necessary but never fully attainable— is a loss, not a gain, in true sophistication. The secular substitute— the belief in the perfection of life on earth by the endless extension of a choice of pleasures— is not merely callow by comparison but much less realistic in its understanding of human nature.

He describes his experience treating people who use illegal drugs. He defends the 'war on drugs' and attacks the arguments for legalisation. He writes, "If the war on drugs is lost, then so are the wars against theft, speeding, incest, fraud, rape, murder, arson... Few, if any such wars are winnable."

## Reception

*The Times Literary Supplement* published a mostly positive review by author and editor Richard Davenport-Hines. Davenport-Hines argued that Dalrymple left out the negative influence of American culture on Britain—such as the instant gratification provided on trashy American television and the popularity of unhealthy American fast food. Richard Davenport-Hines also wrote more generally that:

> Dalrymple has, it must be stressed, written an urgent, important, almost an essential book. *Our Culture, What's Left of It* needs to be read and acted on by policy-makers, by opinion-formers, and anyone who wants to grasp why Britain has become so much less pleasant a country in which to live. The book is elegantly written, conscientiously argued, provocative and fiercely committed... His measured polemics arouse disgust, shame and despair: they will shake many readers' views of their physical surroundings and cultural assumptions, and have an enriching power to improve the way that people think and act.

A supportive review appeared in *News Weekly*, who stated that "It is rare for a book on social issues to be so readable, but this is not a work of abstract social theory." The review also stated that "The vividness of Dalrymple's prose and the remorseless logic of his arguments make this a formidable work. Anyone concerned about the fate of Western civilisation should read this book."

## InfoBox

Our Culture, What's Left of It: The Mandarins and the Masses
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Theodore Dalrymple |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Social criticism |
| Published | 25 May 2005 Ivan R. Dee |
| Publication place | United States |
| ISBN | 1-56663-643-4 |


title: Taking On Tyson

abstract: Taking On Tyson is a television show on Animal Planet. The show stars the American boxer Mike Tyson competing in pigeon racing. Animal rights critiques criticized the series as being "animal cruelty."

text:
# Taking On Tyson

***Taking On Tyson*** is a television show on Animal Planet. The show stars the American boxer Mike Tyson competing in pigeon racing. Animal rights critiques criticized the series as being "animal cruelty."

## InfoBox

| *Taking On Tyson* | |
| --- | --- |
| Starring | Mike Tyson
Mario Costa
Vinnie Torre
Junie Roman
Rickie Roman |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 43 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Animal Planet |
| Release | March 6 (2011-03-06)
April 4, 2011 (2011-04-04) |


title: Enable Ireland

abstract: Enable Ireland is a non-profit state-funded organisation that provides free services to children and adults with disabilities and their families in Ireland. The core of its funding comes from the HSE, the Republic of Ireland's public health sector.

text:
# Enable Ireland

**Enable Ireland** is a non-profit state-funded organisation that provides free services to children and adults with disabilities and their families in Ireland. The core of its funding comes from the HSE, the Republic of Ireland's public health sector.

## Background

Enable Ireland was founded in 1948 originally as Cerebral Palsy Ireland. Its founder, Dr Robert Collis, used a £100 donation from the Marrowbone Fund to establish an assessment clinic for children with disabilities. Initially, assessment and treatment services were provided on a voluntary basis.

The National Association of Cerebral Palsy was then established in 1951 and worked in conjunction with the Irish government, mostly through County Councils, Regional Health Boards and the Department of Education, in order to provide a range of services for children with physical disabilities and their families. In the 1980s a branch network was created by families throughout Ireland to meet the need for assessment and treatment. These volunteers carried out roles as advocates and fundraisers which contributed to the growth of Enable Ireland and its notability.

By the 1980s, Enable Ireland had also established an innovative fundraising strategy. A retail chain was founded to supplement the running costs and build a capital fund to boost State provisions. The profits generated have enhanced Enable Ireland's capacity to work in partnership with the State in the expansion of services and facilities.

## Guinness world record

A new world record in the Guinness Book of Records was broken in Nenagh in County Tipperary on the 18 December 2011 when 936 people gathered dressed as elves.

The record it originally broke was set in New York City on the 7 December 2009, when just over 600 elves gathered in one place.

The event was organised by the local council and was aimed at raising over €40,000 for Enable Ireland.

## InfoBox

**Enable Ireland**
|
|  |
| Formation | July 14, 1951 (1951-07-14) |
| Founder | Dr. Robert Collis |
| Type | Charitable organisation |
| Legal status | Non-profit |
| Purpose | To work in partnership with people with disabilities to achieve "independence, choice and inclusion in their communities." |
| Location |  |
| Region served | Ireland |
| Website | Official Site |


title: Takami Ominami

abstract: Takami Ominami is a long-distance runner from Japan, whose main event is the marathon. She won the 2002 edition of the Rotterdam Marathon, clocking a personal best of 2:23:43. Ominami is one half of a world-record setting duo as she and her twin Hiromi are the fastest marathoning sisters of all-time. In 2001, she competed in the women's marathon at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. She finished in 37th place.

text:
# Takami Ominami

**Takami Ominami** (大南 敬美, *Ōminami Takami*, born November 15, 1975) is a long-distance runner from Japan, whose main event is the marathon. She won the 2002 edition of the Rotterdam Marathon, clocking a personal best of 2:23:43. Ominami is one half of a world-record setting duo as she and her twin Hiromi (personal best 2:23:26) are the fastest marathoning sisters of all-time.

In 2001, she competed in the women's marathon at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. She finished in 37th place.

## Achievements

* All results regarding marathon, unless stated otherwise

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Japan | | | | |
| 2001 | Nagoya Marathon | Nagoya, Japan | 2nd | 2:26:04 |
| | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 37th | 2:42:25 |
| 2002 | Rotterdam Marathon | Rotterdam, Netherlands | 1st | 2:23:43 |
| 2003 | Nagoya Marathon | Nagoya, Japan | 1st | 2:25:03 |
| | World Championships | Paris, France | 27th | 2:32:31 |


title: Lower Sugarloaf Key

abstract: Lower Sugarloaf Key is the lower arm of an island known as Sugarloaf Key in the lower Florida Keys about 13 miles (21 km) east of Key West. U.S. 1 crosses the key at about mile markers 16.5–17.5. Due to the routing of U.S. Route 1, it appears that Upper Sugarloaf Key and Lower Sugarloaf Key are separate islands, but they are actually one large U-shaped island. As its name implies, Lower Sugarloaf Key is the lower arm of Sugarloaf Key, with the upper arm being Upper Sugarloaf Key. The island makes a loop on the Atlantic side with Upper Sugarloaf Sound and Park Key in the center. Although smaller in area, than Upper Sugarloaf Key, it is more densely populated and is also called Sugarloaf Shores. It has Sugarloaf Lodge and restaurant, an airport and a volunteer fire department.

text:
# Lower Sugarloaf Key

**Lower Sugarloaf Key** is the lower arm of an island known as Sugarloaf Key in the lower Florida Keys about 13 miles (21 km) east of Key West.

U.S. 1 (or the Overseas Highway) crosses the key at about mile markers 16.5–17.5. Due to the routing of U.S. Route 1, it appears that Upper Sugarloaf Key and Lower Sugarloaf Key are separate islands, but they are actually one large U-shaped island.

As its name implies, Lower Sugarloaf Key is the lower arm of Sugarloaf Key, with the upper arm being Upper Sugarloaf Key. The island makes a loop on the Atlantic side with Upper Sugarloaf Sound and Park Key in the center. Although smaller in area, than Upper Sugarloaf Key, it is more densely populated and is also called Sugarloaf Shores.

It has Sugarloaf Lodge and restaurant, an airport and a volunteer fire department.

## Sugarloaf Key Bat Tower

The Sugarloaf Key Bat Tower was built in 1929 and is listed as a historic site. The tower was put there by a man named Perky to control the mosquito problem in the Lower Keys, but when the bats were put in, they flew away, never to return. Mr. Perky intended to found a city named after himself, but the city did not succeed due to the local mosquitoes.

24°38′38″N 81°33′47″W / 24.644°N 81.563°W / 24.644; -81.563


title: Lower Stump River

abstract: The Lower Stump River is a 5.2-mile-long (8.4 km) tributary of the Stump River in northern Minnesota, the United States.

text:
# Lower Stump River

The **Lower Stump River** is a 5.2-mile-long (8.4 km) tributary of the Stump River in northern Minnesota, the United States.

## InfoBox

| Mouth of the | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Cook County |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| coordinates | 48°02′28″N 90°06′53″W / 48.0411111°N 90.1147222°W / 48.0411111; -90.1147222 |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| coordinates | 48°01′03″N 90°02′04″W / 48.0173869°N 90.0345347°W / 48.0173869; -90.0345347 |
| Length | 5.2 mi-long (8.4 km) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Stump River |


title: En la playa

abstract: En la playa is a live acoustic CD/DVD by the Spanish pop rock band Hombres G, released on November 29, 2011. It consists of a film and album and features collaborations with Dani Martín, Pereza, Miguel Bosé, Ana Torroja, Álvaro Urquijo, Albert Hammond, and Ha*Ash. It includes live renditions of songs previously released by the group and features a new track called "Si seguimos así".

text:
# En la playa

| En la playa | |
| --- | --- |
| Video by Hombres G | |
| Released | November 29, 2011 |
| Recorded | El Varadero de Zahara, Cádiz |
| Genre | Rock, pop rock |
| Label | Sony |
| Director | Nahuel Lerena |
| Producer | Fernando Montesinos |

***En la playa*** is a live acoustic CD/DVD by the Spanish pop rock band Hombres G, released on November 29, 2011. It consists of a film and album and features collaborations with Dani Martín, Pereza, Miguel Bosé, Ana Torroja, Álvaro Urquijo, Albert Hammond, and Ha\*Ash. It includes live renditions of songs previously released by the group and features a new track called "Si seguimos así".

## Background

According to David Summers, *En la playa* was based on the idea of making a film about a new experience: the creative companionship between artists in a beautiful setting. The band wanted to make a live, acoustic, and refreshing record of a selection songs that meant something to Hombres G or to the guest artists. With those intentions, Hombres G and their invited guests made their way towards Zahara de los Atunes, a small and quiet village located on Costa de la Luz in Andalusia, Spain.

In the album's press release, Summers emphasized that *En la playa* was not meant to be an album of duets or greatest hits. He also noted that the natural sounds found on the DVD — those of the wind, the ocean, and the environment — could only go hand in hand with the scenic imagery of the beach. Therefore, for the CD version, Hombres G headed to a studio in Madrid and added chords, keyboards, and songs.

## Track listings

**DVD**

| No. | Title | collaborating artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Venezia" |  |  |
| 2. | "Un par de palabras" | Álvaro Urquijo |  |
| 3. | "Te vi" | David Summers with Albert Hammond |  |
| 4. | "Si no te tengo a ti" | Ana Torroja |  |
| 5. | "Devuélveme a mi chica" | Ana Torroja, Ha\*Ash, and Albert Hammond |  |
| 6. | "Marta tiene un marcapasos" | Ana Torroja, Ha\*Ash, and Albert Hammond |  |
| 7. | "Voy a pasármelo bien" | Pereza |  |
| 8. | "Temblando" | Ha\*Ash |  |
| 9. | "Te necesito" | Dani Martín |  |
| 10. | "La primavera" | Dani Martín |  |
| 11. | "En la playa" | Dani Martín |  |

**CD**

| No. | Title | collaborating artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Voy a pasármelo bien" | Pereza | 4:28 |
| 2. | "Lo noto" | Miguel Bosé | 4:14 |
| 3. | "Si no te tengo a ti" | Ana Torroja | 4:14 |
| 4. | "Te vi" | Albert Hammond | 3:45 |
| 5. | "Temblando" | Ha\*Ash | 3:23 |
| 6. | "Te necesito" | Dani Martín | 3:30 |
| 7. | "Un par de palabras" | Álvaro Urquijo | 3:31 |
| 8. | "Te quiero" |  | 3:42 |
| 9. | "Huellas en la bajamar" |  | 3:07 |
| 10. | "Si seguimos así" |  | 4:16 |
| Total length: | | | 38:10 |

## InfoBox

| En la playa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Hombres G | |
| Released | November 29, 2011 |
| Recorded | PKO Estudios, Noisy House, Madrid |
| Genre | Rock, pop rock |
| Length | 38:10 |
| Label | Sony |
| Hombres G chronology | |
| *Desayuno continental*
(2010) ***En la playa***
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *En la playa* | |
| 1. "Lo noto (con Miguel Bosé)"
Released: November 15, 2011 | |
|  | |


title: Lover's Oak

abstract: The Lover's Oak is a notably historic and large Southern live oak tree in Brunswick, Georgia. Located in the Brunswick Old Town Historic District, the tree is reportedly over 900 years old. The tree has a trunk diameter of 13 feet (4.0 m) and has 10 main limbs.

text:
# Lover's Oak

The **Lover's Oak** is a notably historic and large Southern live oak tree in Brunswick, Georgia. Located in the Brunswick Old Town Historic District, the tree is reportedly over 900 years old. The tree has a trunk diameter of 13 feet (4.0 m) and has 10 main limbs.

## History

The tree is estimated to be from the 12th century AD, with an age of approximately 900 years. The tree's name stems from a Native American legend alleging the tree as the meeting place between young lovers. The location of the tree is just south of the intersection of Prince Street and Albany Street, placing it in the Brunswick Old Town Historic District. It is actually in the middle of Albany Street. In 1987, the National Arborist Association erected a plaque near the tree, recognizing that the tree had been standing since the signing of the United States Constitution 200 years earlier in 1787. In 2015, the tree was hit by a truck, causing one of the tree's limbs to be removed.

## InfoBox

| Lover's Oak | |
| --- | --- |
| Lover's Oak (2020) | |
| Lover's OakLocation in GeorgiaLover's OakLocation in the United States | |
| Species | Southern live oak (**Quercus virginiana**) |
| Location | Brunswick, Georgia |
| Coordinates | 31°08′32″N 81°29′12″W / 31.14236°N 81.48655°W / 31.14236; -81.48655 |
| Diameter | 13 feet (4.0 m) |


title: Overwater Hall

abstract: Overwater Hall is a country house near Ireby in Cumbria. It is a Grade II Listed building.

text:
# Overwater Hall

**Overwater Hall** is a country house near Ireby in Cumbria. It is a Grade II Listed building.

## History

The house was built for Joseph Gillbanks, who had made his money in the Jamaica, in 1840 and was originally known as Whitefield House. He incorporated an older 18th Century building which seems to have been built by John Gaff in about 1785. The house was sold by the Gillbanks family in 1929 to Frederick Gatty, a textile merchant. After Gatty's death in 1951, it was bought by Charles de Courcy-Parry, who had achieved notoriety when he shot Percy Toplis, a convicted criminal, in 1920 and who went on to become a journalist who wrote under the name of *Dalesman*. The house was acquired by a Mr & Mrs Henry Hays in 1957, and then became a hotel owned by Mr Monte Green in 1967: it has changed hands several times since then but remains a hotel.

## The Gaff family

It appears that John Gaff (1746-1794) acquired Whitefield in about 1781 when it was advertised for sale. The advertisement implies that there was a fairly modest dwelling there at this time which was owned by Mungo Simpson. A newspaper notice shows that John was living at Whitefield by 1788. He died in 1794 and shortly after his son Thomas advertised the property but it appears that he did not sell it. By now the house seems to be very substantial as the notice of 1797 describes it as follows.

*"The buildings consist of a well-built brick mansion house with six cellars, all arched, a front and back kitchen, a brew house, two parlours, a drawing room, ten lodging rooms, two large barns, three stables with lofts, four byers, cart lodge with granary above, coach house and every other office complete and fit for the reception of a genteel family."*

Thomas Gaff owned Whitefield until 1814 when he advertised it for sale. The sale notice describes the whole estate. It was bought by Joseph Gillbanks.

## The Gillbanks family

Joseph Gillbanks (1780-1853) appears to have used the existing mansion as the core of his new house in 1840. He was the son of Joseph Gillbanks (1737-1806) of Scawthwaite Close Farm near Ireby. In 1800 he went to Jamaica and over the next fourteen years he amassed a large fortune as a merchant. In 1814 he returned to England and bought Whitefield and several other large properties in the area. In 1819 he married Mary Jackson who was the daughter of Ralph Jackson of Normanby Hall in Cleveland. She was also the niece of R. Jackson, the Chief Justice of Jamaica.

The couple had three children Jackson who did not marry, Mary Elizabeth who married a doctor, Richard Lawrence and Maria Josephine who married Rev. Henry Gough. Joseph became the Deputy Lieutenant for Cumberland and for almost forty years was a magistrate. Joseph died in 1853 and his son Jackson inherited Whitefield. He did not marry and he lived with his mother Mary Jackson in the house until his death in 1878. Mary died in the same year and the house was left to Jackson’s sister Maria Josephine Gough.

When Maria Josephine Gough inherited the Hall in 1878 she had been a widow for sixteen years. At his time she was living in Abingdon in Berkshire with her only child Josephine Mary Agnes Gough (1860-1912). She and her daughter continued to live in Abingdon and they rented Whitefield Hall to several tenants. Maria Josephine died in 1888 and her daughter inherited the property. Josephine Mary Agnes did not immediately move to the Hall but the Census data of 1901 shows that she and her friend Mary Edith Macray were living there by this date. Josephine died in 1912 and left the house to her friend Mary as she had no other close relatives. In 1922 Mary Macray sold some of the outlying portions of the estate. In the following year she married Reverend Donald Jones who was the Principal of Bede College Durham. They both lived at Whitefield but in 1925 he died at the age of 67 and four years later she died. The house was put it on the market for sale.

54°42′03″N 3°10′34″W / 54.70071°N 3.17618°W / 54.70071; -3.17618


title: Endothiella

abstract: Endothiella is a genus of fungi within the family Cryphonectriaceae.

text:
# Endothiella

***Endothiella*** is a genus of fungi within the family Cryphonectriaceae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Endothiella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Subclass: | Sordariomycetidae |
| Order: | Diaporthales |
| Family: | Cryphonectriaceae |
| Genus: | ***Endothiella***<br>Sacc. 1906 |
|
| Species | |
| See text. | |


# English cricket team in India in 1933–34

A cricket team from England organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) toured India from 15 December 1933 to 4 March 1934. In the Test matches, the side was known as "England"; in other matches, it was known as "MCC". England won the Test series 2–0. The MCC team concluded its tour with four matches in Ceylon, two of them first-class.

## Test matches

### 1st Test

### 2nd Test

* England won the toss and decided to bat
* This was the first test match played at the Eden Gardens

### 3rd Test

* England won the toss and decided to bat

## Further reading

* Ramachandra Guha, *A Corner of a Foreign Field*, Picador, London, 2002, pp. 199–221

## InfoBox

| England in India 1933-34 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | India | England |
| Dates | 15 December 1933 – 4 March 1934 | | |
| Captains | CK Nayudu | Douglas Jardine |
| Test series | | | |
| Result | England won the 3-match series 2–0 | | |
| Most runs | Lala Amarnath (203) | Cyril Walters (284) |
| Most wickets | Amar Singh (13) | Hedley Verity (24) |


title: Tallegalla State School

abstract: Tallegalla State School is a heritage-listed former state school at Rosewood-Minden Road, Tallegalla, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1879 to 1955. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 February 1998.

text:
# Tallegalla State School

**Tallegalla State School** is a heritage-listed former state school at Rosewood-Minden Road, Tallegalla, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1879 to 1955. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 February 1998.

## History

The Tallegalla School was opened on 10 June 1879 as a state school for the local area known as the Rosewood Scrub. A timber school building and timber residence were erected at that time and the residence was replaced in 1931 by the present building.

The Rosewood Scrub, an area comprising what is now Tallegalla, developed in the late 1870s as settlers followed timber getters who cleared some of the dense vine scrub previously thought to be impenetrable. By 1880 fifty selections were taken up in the area, mostly by German migrants who were arriving in Queensland under migration schemes run by the Queensland Government aimed at encouraging closer settlement of rural areas. After the Land Act of 1868 land in the Rosewood Scrub, to the west of Brisbane, was opened for clearing and settlement. The area became known as Tallegalla and an official survey was completed in July 1872. A small township developed which comprised school, rail station, post office, two churches, hotel and cemetery. In 1997 very little remains of the Tallegalla township, with only the school and cemetery apparent.

Requests were made to the Queensland Government for the provision of a state school in the Tallegalla area in January 1876 by a school committee formed for the purpose of lobbying the government. The secretary of the School Committee, Mr John Dart, wrote a number of letters to the government in 1876 suggesting possible sites and seeking a formal survey of the area. A formal application for the establishment of a state school was lodged after a public meeting on 14 October 1876. The application suggested a two-acre site on a prominent corner of Portion 513, parish Walloon, owned by a local farmer, Wilhelm Arndt who was willing to donate the land from his 100-acre selection. The land offered by Mr Arndt was centrally located, near a local post office and on an elevated site visible from a great distance. According to the application form about fifty local children between the ages of 5 and 14 were expected to attend the school and a local subscription of about £50 toward building costs was expected. The two acres of land was officially surveyed on 6 November 1876 and the site was gazetted as a reserve for a school on 15 August 1878. This significant time delay in the registering of the school reserve resulted in the land not being excluded from Portion 513 when a survey was drawn of the larger block for the Certificate of Title. This situation was rectified in June 1938 when the land was officially excluded from the Title.

Construction at the school began, with local subscriptions totalling £56. The first structure on the site was a one roomed timber school building, apparently designed by Queensland Colonial Architect, Francis Drummond Greville Stanley, before the design of schools in Queensland became the domain of the Department of Education in about 1880. Stanley instigated in Queensland a system of standardised school designs which could be used in a number of locations, a system which occurred previously through default. The gabled roof building designed for use at Tallegalla was elevated on low timber stumps and was flanked on the north and south by full length verandahs which were partially enclosed at the two ends of the northern side and housed hand basins. The school remains much in the same form as its original design and was lined internally in 1926 and the southern verandah was enclosed gradually from 1955. A more significant change to the building occurred in 1938 when several openings were altered to allow for better natural lighting. Whereas the openings previously were designed to allow for uniform light from all directions, new thinking in the mid 1930s indicated that lighting from some directions was more conducive to studying. Associated with this work was the internal painting of the school.

Another important element of the school site was the teachers residence which was not completed with the original school building, though by 1880 plans had been made for its erection. Residences were an important element of school sites as it was thought they attracted better quality teaching staff. By 1880 the students at Tallegalla School were taught by Mr John Marquis, who replaced Mr Edward Henry Vivian Dunbar, the first head teacher at the school. In 1880 the School Committee raised sufficient funds to enable the Education Department to finance construction of a residence which was a simple four roomed cottage surrounded by verandahs. Many changes were made to this residence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century before it was replaced in 1931. Alterations included adding a rear verandah in 1892, internal lining in 1895; the addition of a detached kitchen and bathroom in 1898 and the addition of two detached bedrooms in 1911 to house the large family of the then Head Teacher, Daniel Courtney.

By 1932 a new timber residence was constructed replacing the early residence. The tender of EJ Wilton from East Ipswich was accepted for the construction of the building for £514 and for construction to be complete within 8 weeks from the acceptance date which was 1 December 1932. The building was a standard Type 3 School Residence designed by the Works Department with examples of that type built throughout Queensland between 1929 and 1950. Construction of the building was completed in February 1933 and by 1937 the verandah of the building which was located on the south eastern corner was enclosed. Since then, a toilet has been added to the verandah space of the building.

Associated with this work was the removal of a detached bedroom wing from the original residence and its reconstruction as a play shed. An earlier play shed was constructed on the grounds by the School Committee in about 1906 but by 1932 this octagonal timber shade structure was deteriorating and thought to be a health hazard. The Department of Education were supportive of the removal of the detached wing for use as a replacement playshed if the work was done at no cost to the Department. By 1972 another steel framed playshed was constructed and the former building became used as a store.

The school grounds have seen significant changes during the life of the school. From the late 1880s, head teacher, John William Watkins, instigated a tree planting programme at the school which saw many of the trees which exist on the site today, including the avenue of jacarandas and figs lining the driveway.

The school closed in 1992 due to low student numbers.

## Description

The Tallegalla School is sited on a ridge on the highest point of the surrounding landscape. The school is bordered by Minden-Rosewood Road and Twotree Hill Road. The site comprises a number of buildings, including the original school room, a teacher's residence from 1932, an early playshed and a latter playshed, several corrugated tanks on stands, two concrete septic tanks, and a number of large established trees and gardens.

Access is provided to the school via a driveway from Minden-Rosewood Road. The driveway curves eastward toward the school building and terminates in a small round driveway. Flanking the driveway are a number of established trees including several jacarandas, a Moreton Bay fig and a Bunya pine. The principal buildings are aligned parallel with Minden Rosewood Road, with the residence closest to the corner of the two roads and separated from the school site with a fence.

The school building is a one storeyed gable roofed structure, elevated on low timber stumps. The timber framed building is clad externally with horizontal weatherboards and internally with VJ boarding. The roof is clad with corrugated iron and this is also used for window awnings on the eastern and western elevations. The building has a rectangular plan with partially enclosed verandahs on the northern and southern elevations, over which the pitch of the roof becomes more gradual. A small, centrally located, open tread timber stair provides access to the northern elevation of the building which is lined with a semi-open verandah, only enclosed near the two ends to form small enclosures which were an original feature of the design. Flanking the stair are timber posts, through which a simple two rail timber balustrade runs, and forms the stair balustrade. Centrally located on this and on the southern face of the building are simple entrance doors. The entrance door on the northern elevation is flanked by two casement windows made from the original sash windows. The interior of the building is lined with VJ boarding on the walls and ceilings and the timber boarded floor is covered with carpet.

The elevated residence is an asymmetrical building with hipped and gabled corrugated iron clad roof. The timber framed building is clad externally with horizontal weatherboards and internally with VJ boards. The building comprises five principal room including a large kitchen with early stove recess, a bathroom and separate toilet and an enclosed verandah on the south eastern corner. Open tread timber stairs access the front, southern side of the house and the rear, northern elevation. The building has a number of casement windows in groups of four on the front elevation, groups of three lining the enclosed verandah, and, elsewhere, groups of two. Corrugated iron clad window hoods, with sides of timber battening, provide sun shading to many of the pairs of casements. Internally the building is clad with VJ boarding on the walls and ceilings and has a timber boarded floor. The internal doors are generally four panelled with high mid (or lock) rails.

The early play shed is a lowset, fully enclosed, timber framed and weatherboard clad building, with a gabled corrugated iron roof. The building has two timber doors on the northern facade both surmounted by operable transom windows. The doors are timber boarded and internally braced. The building has a number of early six paned vertical sash windows. Internally the space is undivided and has VJ timber boarded walls, timber floor and timber boarded ceiling. Early fittings, including shelving and cupboards are found inside.

The more recent playshed is a steel framed, open structure comprising corner posts supporting a shallow pitched iron clad gabled roof awning and a concrete slab floor. It is built into sloping ground and has two low concrete block lined, retaining walls. There are a number of corrugated iron water tanks on the site, all elevated on timber or iron frames. Two concrete septic tanks indicate where toilets once existed, to the north of the school building.

## Heritage listing

The former Tallegalla State School was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 2 February 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

The Tallegalla State School is a remnant of a formerly larger settlement, Tallegalla, of which there are few remnants. The school was established in 1879 and reflects the closer settlement of the Rosewood Scrub area and reflects the development of rural country schools in Queensland

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

The school building is a rare surviving example of a small timber school designed by colonial architect, FDG Stanley.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

The site, with intact school building, 1931 residence and former playshed is a good and characteristic example of a small rural state school.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

The school grounds have considerable aesthetic significance as a local landmark, with large established trees and situated on an elevated site comprising well composed and prominent buildings within a picturesque garden setting.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

The school has important associations with the local community as a school as well as a local meeting place for about 115 years.

**The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.**

The school building has associations with FDG Stanley as one of his few surviving timber school buildings.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

## Further reading

Media related to Tallegalla State School at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tallegalla State School | |
| --- | --- |
| Tallegalla State School, 2009 | |
| Location | Rosewood-Minden Road, Tallegalla, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°35′39″S 152°33′52″E / 27.5942°S 152.5645°E / -27.5942; 152.5645 |
| Design period | 1870s–1890s (late 19th century) |
| Built | 1879–1955 |
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| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Tallegalla State School (former) |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 2 February 1998 |
| Reference no. | 601687 |
| Significant period | 1870s–1880s (historical)
1870s–1930s (fabric school)
1930s (fabric residence) |
| Significant components | garden/grounds, play shed, school/school room, residential accommodation – headmaster's house |
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| Location of Tallegalla State School in QueenslandTallegalla State School (Australia) | |