title: Folkingham

abstract: Folkingham is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the A15 road 11 miles (18 km) north of Bourne and 10 miles (16 km) south of Sleaford. The 2001 Census gave a population of 729, rising to 796 at the 2011 census, and estimated at 795 in 2016.

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# Folkingham

**Folkingham** (/ˈfɒkɪŋəm/ *FOK-ing-əm*) is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the A15 road 11 miles (18 km) north of Bourne and 10 miles (16 km) south of Sleaford. The 2001 Census gave a population of 729, rising to 796 at the 2011 census, and estimated at 795 in 2016.

## Topography and development

This former town is attractively situated in a wide rolling landscape, just up from the fen edge, on the northern incline of an east–west stream valley. The settlement is centred on a large Market Place, positioned between a church on high land to the NW and a former baronial castle on low land to the SE. The modern A15 runs through the market area, rather than bypassing the settlement as at Aslackby and Osbournby, taking a dramatic right-angled turn at its NW corner.

The earliest settlement was probably on the high promontory overlooking stream valleys close to the church. It is likely this was linked to Roman roads (King Street and Mareham Lane) on either side via an east–west route running along what is now West Street and Sleaford Road. The castle site on low-lying land to the SE probably evolved from a pre-Conquest fortified enclosure which was the administrative centre of the soke of Folkingham. A market area developed in between the church and castle and this became the site for weekly markets and seven annual fairs.

The Market Place, West Street and Sleaford Road were lined with houses, farms, shops and inns/public houses and this whole area was remodelled in the late 18th century by the Heathcote Family of Normanton (Rutland) who bought the manor in 1788. The most dramatic manifestation of this work was the refacading of The Greyhound Inn at the top of the Market Place. In recognition of its importance, this area became one of the first designated conservation areas in Lincolnshire in 1968.

The town was bypassed by the railway and declined in the Victorian period as the coaching trade collapsed and services and retailing moved to larger towns. The main development since has been the erection of council housing off West Street in the 1950s, followed by the private Churchfields estate behind, built between 1987 and 1997.

The modern village retains a pub, The New Inn on West Street, and a local shop in the Market Place.

## Toponymy

Folkingham is an early Saxon place name and appears in the Domesday survey of 1086 as *Folchingeham*. Its meaning can be interpreted as the 'Homestead belonging to Folc(a) or the estate of the Folcingas'.

*Folc*, however, as in 'people or nation' was also used in the Anglo-Saxon period as a district name (e.g. Nor*folk*) and may have been related to the Scandinavian *fylki*, meaning district. Could *folc*, therefore, also refer to a territorial district which became the soke of Folkingham? Folkestone probably derives its name from 'Folca's Stone', which was a meeting place of a territorial area.

In the mid-18th century an alternative spelling of 'Falkingham' was introduced, perhaps in an effort to make the place name sound more genteel – its correct pronunciation is 'Fokingham'. This variant became predominant in the 19th century, but fell out of favour in the early 20th century.

## Early history

It is likely that Folkingham originated as an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the sixth century, developing into a regionally important royal soke centre, or multiple estate by the eighth century. Its location was obviously attractive to these settlers, being on a promontory above stream valleys between the Kesteven forest and sea access via the fens to the Wash. It was also close to two Roman roads (Mareham Lane and King Street) which led to Lincoln, which still had regional significance. It is probable that Folkingham was the southern centre of the territory of the Billingas people, whose name is reflected in local place names, such as Billingborough.

In 679 the region was conquered by Mercia, bringing it into the sphere of Mercian royal interest. A royal nunnery at Stow Green, off Mareham Lane founded by Æthelthryth, was entrusted to St Werberg by King Æthelred of Mercia. It is likely that King Æthelred developed nearby Folkingham into a soke centre, or multiple estate, in this period with a minster church dedicated to the popular St Andrew. The Soke of Folkingham, which grew into an estate of over 23 dependent villages, was roughly analogous with that of the later Wapentake of Aveland, which must have evolved from it. The probable minster status of the church is reflected in the numerous dedications to St Andrew within the soke.

It is likely that early settlement was on the highest ground of the promontory around the minster church (current site of St Andrew's Church). This settlement lay north of an east–west route linking it to the Roman roads on each side, which is still discernible in the modern road configuration of West Street and Sleaford Road.

## Danelaw

The low-lying region of Lincolnshire, with its long eastern coast punctuated by river valleys, was particularly susceptible to incursion from Norse invaders. It was thus a prime target in the Danish-led Viking raids which started sporadically at the end of the eighth century, developing gradually into a more-focused settlement initiative during the following century.

The extent of Danish settlement in the Folkingham region is revealed by the survival of some twenty-seven place names ending in *by*. These are mainly sited on the upland areas surrounding the old soke core and it is possible that some may have had a military function, as has been suggested with similar concentrations on the coast of Norfolk. It is perhaps in this period that a *burgh*, or fortified settlement, was established at Billingborough, as implied by the place name - perhaps its function was to protect the soke hub from incursion from the east?

In the tenth century, Folkingham became part of the wapentake of Aveland, an area consisting of fen edge and uplands, stretching from Bourne to Osbournby. Wapentakes were the approximate equivalent in Danelaw of the Anglo-Saxon hundred, and the word, of Scandinavian origin, probably derived from a meeting place, where a presence or vote was taken by the brandishing, or ownership, of weapons. Aveland was probably established as an administrative unit some time after Edward the Elder restored English rule to Kesteven in 918. Its boundaries were defined by the earlier soke of Folkingham. The meeting place of the wapentake was clearly marked on the 1885 Ordnance Survey map, which shows it was connected to Folkingham via Greenfields Lane - a modern farm track now leads down to the site. Until recent ploughing, there were still visible the remains of a moat bordering a rectilinear asymmetric enclosure, defined by a large ditch and banks, measuring one hundred and five metres by forty metres.

The final phase of pre-conquest development at Folkingham was probably the evolution of an enclosed and perhaps later fortified residence on a new alignment at the south east corner of the earlier grid-planned settlement. The fact that Ulf of Fenisc, a major landholder at the time of Domesday, chose Folkingham as his *caput*, or principal residence implies there was suitable accommodation there for him and his retinue when he was in residence. The siting of a defensive enclosure on an undeveloped peripheral site, at the junction of three stream valleys where marshy ground and water meadows to south and east would have made attack more difficult, would have made sense. Water could be employed to fill defensive ditches and provide a supply for domestic needs. The site also had the advantage of commanding a prospect of the east-west axial road as it crossed the valley - indeed its orientation is towards this rather than the projected grid of the earlier settlement.

## Post-Conquest

The Domesday survey of 1086 records a total population of thirty-eight households consisting of twenty-four villagers, nine smallholders and five soke or free men. Sleaford had fifty households and Bourne fifty-four. Billingborough as a comparison had nineteen households. However, many dependent soke settlements were bigger, such as Walcot with fifty-one families, which is now just a hamlet. Total tax assessed was twelve geld units - this was the same tax as Sleaford and Spalding, but much more than Bourne which was assessed at five and a half. There was one mill, valued at ten shillings and eight pence, and one church. The lord in 1066 was Ulf Fenisc, while the lord in 1086 was Gilbert de Gant.

The pattern of ownership by a leading baron continued through the post-conquest and later medieval period. Although these tenants-in-chief had their seat at Folkingham, their sphere of interests was wide-ranging - it is clear they were not particularly interested in developing Folkingham as a town. So Folkingham gradually transformed from a soke centre into an aristocratic seat.

Gilbert de Gant's possession of the soke of Folkingham heralded a dynasty which lasted for over two hundred years, finally ending in 1298. Although Folkingham was probably their primary residence in England, this does not mean that the family were here on any regular basis. They were an international aristocratic family with interests across the country and on the continent. As leading aristocrats, the de Gants were involved in national affairs of state. Gilbert's eldest son, Walter (born 1087) sided with Stephen of Blois' claim, as the grandson of William the Conqueror, to the throne during the so-called Anarchy of 1135-55, fighting against the rival position of the Empress Matilda. Walter was at Stephen's Easter court in 1136 and fought at the Battle of the Standard, near Northallerton (Yorkshire), in 1138. Gilbert III was an important player in the events at the end of King John's reign, surrounding Louis' invasion attempt, which began with him arriving on English soil in May 1216, and ended at the Battle of Lincoln in May 1217.

Folkingham Castle in the post-conquest period can be classed as a higher-status baronial castle - that is one owned by one of the king's tenants-in-chief, rather than a honourial castle, which is one erected by a tenant of the baron. There were fourteen such baronial castles in Lincolnshire, with the nearest being at Bourne, Castle Bytham and Stainby \- Sleaford Castle was uniquely an ecclesiastical property of the Bishops of Lincoln. Of these, nine were founded in manors which had soke status, suggesting that baronial castles were an evolution of existing aristocratic control. It is likely that Folkingham's Norman post-conquest castle was developed from the fortified residence of his predecessor, Ulf of Fenisc.

Joseph Featherstone's plan of 1765 affords a good impression of the form of the medieval castle. It clearly shows the fortified oval ringwork surrounding a roughly square platform, some two hundred and forty six feet on each side, on which the main castle buildings would have stood. The Normans would have strengthened its defences, adding a wooden pallisade and developing the surrounding ditch/moat and bank works to the east, while erecting new buildings within. The bailey area, which contained the lesser service buildings, filled the outer area of the ringwork, with a focus on the western entrance which faced into the safety of the settlement. It was probably rebuilt in stone in the 12th century and an account of 1219 refers to a 'high tower' which may have been a stone donjon from the Anarchy period.

Between the castle and church, which we also know was rebuilt after the conquest,a market place developed, which was later licensed for regular markets and fairs. From this market function trades, retailers and alehouses must have evolved, but of these we now have little evidence. Folkingham's sphere of interest extended outside the town to the large annual market which developed around the feast day of St Ætheldreda at Stow Green, and the mother house of the Gilbertine order at Sempringham, both of which was closely linked to the tenants-in-chief of the manor. But while Folkingham developed some of the attributes associated with a town, its single autocratic ownership stifled entrepreneurialism. There was no independent structure of burgesses, such as evolved at Stamford, where leading businessmen established control of the town's affairs.

The development of Sempringham Priory into a major monastic house has eclipsed its origins, which were closely tied to Folkingham. It was common for Norman barons in the eleventh and twelfth centuries to support, or initiate, the foundation of priories in the vicinity of their castles, to act as houses of intercessionary prayers and as mausoleums. Sempringham fits this pattern perfectly, with the de Gant family providing the lands and funding to formally establish the house in the mid-twelfth century.

In 1130, Gilbert of Sempringham succeeded his father and built a dwelling and cloister for nuns to the north of the parish church of St Andrew. He subsequently introduced lay brothers, whose role was carry out manual labour. Key to the future of Gilbert's growing community, was the gift made in 1139 by Gilbert de Gant II of three carucates of land for a nunnery in the valley of the Marse Dyke in Sempringham. Three carucates would equate to approximately 360 acres. This land, which was part of the Folkingham manorial estate, gave Gilbert the site he needed to establish a formal monastic house. It also came with the rights to two mills in Folkingham.

## Later Medieval

By the time the Beaumonts took over the lordship of the manor in the early fourteenth century, Folkingham had lost all vestige of its earlier importance as a regional administrative centre.

The Beaumonts would still have controlled property and lands within some former dependent villages, but they were now just part of the wider portfolio of a powerful baron. Even though the Beaumonts continued the tradition of Folkingham being a baronial seat, their sphere of interest was not focused on Lincolnshire. However, they did leave a legacy of their time here in the form of church building. The fourteenth- and fifteenth-century rebuilding of St Andrew’s Church remains a monument to Beaumont patronage, as revealed by the family arms which flank the entrance.

The other Beaumont legacy was the probable development of The Greyhound Inn at the top of the Market Place. As a market town, which also hosted several annual fairs, lying on the main road from Lincoln to London, it is inevitable that Folkingham would have had alehouses. It is argued that perhaps such an alehouse was developed by the Beaumonts in the fifteenth century to become an inn with a sign which professed loyalty to the house of Lancaster.

Folkingham, like many communities, was affected by some of the major events which impacted on life in the later middle ages. One of these was the notorious Black Death, which arrived into Lincolnshire in 1349. The virulent disease caused mortality rates of around 40% among the clergy, and this percentage was probably carried through to the wider community.

Another significant event, which divided rather than decimated communities, was the protracted civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York, which later became known as the Wars of the Roses. The Beaumont family were leading supporters and players for the Lancastrian side and this prominence must have placed Folkingham and its castle at some risk. It ended with the 2nd Viscount Beaumont being incapacitated and the castle, after seesawing between Beaumont and Yorkist ownership, falling into ruin.

## Post-Reformation

Folkingham, in common with all settlements in England, experienced a series of profound changes during the sixteenth century. It witnessed the end of the medieval world and the birth of a new age under a new ruling dynasty, where a fledgling Protestant church was ascendant and where secular ambition was championed and rewarded.

In Folkingham, the great medieval dynasties, which had used the town as their caput and dominated its affairs, were extinguished. In their place came absentee aristocratic owners, for whom Folkingham was just one of their many estates. As a result, the castle fell into ruin and was plundered for stone for domestic building projects. Sempringham Priory, which had been associated with the town and its barons since the twelfth century, became a victim of the dissolution in 1538, falling under the ownership of Edward Clinton.

Sempringham was chosen by the Clintons as the site for their principal residence in the region, a decision related, no doubt, to convenient source of building materials which could be salvaged from the Priory. It was only in the seventeenth century that the town began to find its feet again and experience a new wave of building, most notably the subsidiary Manor House of the Clintons, built in period of the Commonwealth in an Artisan Mannerist style, and The Greyhound Inn at the top of the Market Place. But Folkingham would have to wait until the end of the eighteenth century before any attempt was made to truly revive its fortunes.

## Into the Georgian Age

The 1690s brought change to all parts of Britain following the engineered coup of William and Mary to the English throne. In Folkingham, the Clintons sold off their interests in 1691 to pay mounting debts and the manor was bought by Richard Wynn, a London lawyer who later became MP for Boston. He seems to have undertaken some measures to improve the town, with the rebuilding of The Greyhound and several estate farms including Spring Farm and Low Farm.

But this impetus was not continued by subsequent generations. The second Richard Wynne decamped to Italy and the third ended up in debts which forced the eventual sale of the manor in 1788. Dr Richard Yerburgh, writing in 1825, paints a picture of dereliction in the early Georgian town: ‘At the former period it consisted of little else than a mass of irregularly built and dirty looking thatched cottages; even the Inn itself was but a miserable hovel, compared with the present elegant structure. In the middle of the market-place was a large pond, on each side of which were usually laid enormous piles of timber. Nearly opposite the Green Man public house, stood the Market-cross, Butchery, and Town-hall, which seemed to have been erected at a period when elegancy and conveniency received little or no attention. On the opposite side of the market-place stood the House of Correction. Added to the above, the market-place contained two wells from which the inhabitants obtained their usual supply of water'.

However, this account should be viewed with a degree of caution. Folkingham was on the network of roads served by the developing coaching and carrier trades, with routes stretching north to Lincoln, Horncastle and Louth and south to Peterborough and London. Certainly, The Greyhound inn became a substantial coaching inn before the Heathcote remodeling, hardly according with the derogatory term ‘hovel’.

Folkingham got its first grammar school in 1714, when the Rev. Richard Brocklesby provided funds to establish an institution providing free education for boys whose parents received parochial aid. Brocklesby was among the clergy who refused to swear allegiance to William III after the Glorious Revolution. The school room was located across the western part of the church, occupying the aisles and base of the tower and was divided from it by ‘mean boarding’.

In the Georgian period and through the nineteenth century, the town had an alternative spelling of Falkingham. The first known instance of the use of the ‘a’ in the town’s spelling is from the distance chart of c.1643 where it is called both Folkingham and Falkingham. Its adoption was perhaps an attempt to distance the pronunciation of the town away from a well-known swear word.

## Heathcote's Town

In 1788 the manor of Folkingham, including Stow and Threekingham, was purchased by the trustees of the Heathcote estate (of Normanton Hall, Rutland) as part of a programme of property acquisition in the region. So began a reimagining of the town on a scale to surpass the interventions of previous proprietors.

The result of this work still defines the predominantly Georgian character of the Market Place - it is by no means a set-piece, but it is an elegant space. The set piece was undoubtedly the remodeling of The Greyhound at the top of the Market Place. The aim was evidently to create a fashionable inn which would meet the expectations of travellers and operators involved in the burgeoning coaching trade along the Lincoln to London. The effect of Heathcote investment, though, went further than aesthetics and property. It revitalised the town. Whether the gesture was philanthropic, or one born from more commercial considerations, its effect was certainly one of gentrification - a town emerging from rural obscurity into the age of enlightenment. The window tax returns for 1796 reflect this investment, with seventy-three for Folkingham, compared with just twenty-five for Threekingham. The longer term effects were a gradual increase in population and prosperity through the early nineteenth century, boosted by the expansion of the coaching and carrier trades.

However, this renaissance was relatively short-lived. If Gilbert Heathcote did have concerns over whether Folkingham could be restored to a prosperous market town, then these were well-placed. Although there was a gradual growth in trade and population, it was not significant. By the 1820s there were reports that the town had little trade and whatever optimism remained was finally extinguished by the arrival of the railway and end of the halcyon days of long-distance coach travel. The Folkingham estate would ultimately end up under the administration of lesser members of the Heathcote family until its eventual disposal in 1920.

In the 1770s, John Howard, a Bedfordshire philanthropist, campaigned for the improvement of prisons, publishing his findings in the influential *The State of the Prisons* in 1777. Folkingham’s House of Correction on Market Place was among those which was found inadequate. A solution to build a new purpose-built prison emerged when the Heathcote estate sold the site of the keep of the castle to the Kesteven judicial authority. Work started in 1808. The moated inner ward lent itself perfectly to the creation of a new walled compound, but instead of using the old castle entrance, a new south-facing access was created off Billingborough Road. Stamford architect Bryan Browning, was commissioned to build a severe and imposing gatehouse and turnkey’s lodge in 1825, using stone quarried from nearby Newton. The associated sessions court moved from a free-standing building into the assembly room of The Greyhound, but was removed from there in 1828, as by then a hostelry was seen as an unfit place for the administration of justice.

## Notable buildings

### The House of Correction

In the early 19th century Folkingham was part of Quarter Sessions, the higher court that dispensed justice for the area, which explains why a House of Correction, or minor prison, was built. It was constructed on the site of Folkingham Castle. The surviving Grade II\* listed buildings consist of the original 19th-century governor's house and gateway, dating from 1808 and 1825. It was closed in 1878 but was taken over in about 1980 by the Landmark Trust, which converted the Gateway into a holiday home.

### *The Greyhound*

*The Greyhound*, once a coaching inn, dates back to 1650. It has since been converted into flats. It is a Grade II\* listed building.

### Parish church

The Church of England parish church of Saint Andrew originates from the late 12th century and was largely completed by the late 15th, with restorations carried out in 1825, 1858 and 1860. It has early Decorated Gothic arcades and a mainly Early English chancel, with a Norman pier where there was an opening into a chantry chapel. On the south side of the church are the remains of stocks and a whipping-post. The church is a Grade I listed building.

The church is a prominent feature of the village, but is inconspicuous from the Market Place. In 2006 gale force winds blew down two of the four pinnacles, one of which fell onto the roof causing damaging costing more than £100,000 to repair. Folkingham parish is part of the South Lafford Group of parishes in the Lafford Deanery, Diocese of Lincoln.

### Folkingham Manor

Folkingham Manor House is located just off the Market place in the centre of Folkingham. It was built for Lord Clinton in the 17th century, out of stone taken from the castle/

## Public transport

There is a daily express coach service to London and Hull. There are one to three buses per weekday to Grantham, one per weekday to Bourne and Sleaford, and an extra Sleaford run on schooldays. The nearest railway station is at Heckington (11 miles (18 km).

Lincolnshire County Council operates a pre-booking bus service from the village to nearby towns and back.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Folkingham | |
| --- | --- |
| Folkingham | |
| FolkinghamLocation within Lincolnshire | |
| Population | 796 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | TF072332 |
| London | 95 mi (153 km) |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SLEAFORD |
| Postcode district | NG34 |
| Dialling code | 01529 |
|  | |
| Police | Lincolnshire |
| Fire | Lincolnshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company

abstract: Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company is a historic bank building in Baltimore, designed by the Baltimore architectural firm of Wyatt and Sperry and constructed in 1885. It has a brick-with-stone-ornamentation Romanesque Revival structure, with deeply set windows, round-arch window openings, squat columns with foliated capitals, steeply pitched broad plane roofs, and straight-topped window groups. The interior features a large banking room with a balcony, Corinthian columns and ornate wall plaster work. The Safe Deposit Company on Redwood Street in Baltimore was one of the few buildings that survived the Great Baltimore Fire of 1904. It was "created as a repository of Southern wealth in 1864" This date was not only "one year before the start of the Civil War but one year after the National Bank Act of 1863". Coincidentally, the March 10, 1864 grant of the state charter for the Safe Deposit was on the same day that newspapers reported General Sherman's arrival in Vicksburg, MS at the end of the Vicksburg Campaign. The Safe Deposit Building was finished in 1886, was "red brick with light red firestone trim". Around the turn of the century, the Safe Deposit Company boasted about the security of their vaults. Safe Deposit touted its "Great Vault," whose three fireproof outer doors and two burglar-proof inner ones sat in walls of steel and iron, surrounded by a foot of concrete and 2 feet of brick, according to a company history. Along the street, there were "spy steps" which enabled roving late 19th century policemen to peer into the windows. These "spy steps" provided in the center of the south part of the west wall, and on each side of the doorway are about three feet from the ground. They are a protruding stone step, and at shoulder height is a bronze ring. This was intended to assist a policeman to look in the windows. The "brass ring at shoulder level was used to balance them on the step. The steps are still jutting out into the sidewalk on both the Calvert and Redwood street sides of the Safe Deposit building. However, metal rings are only on one of the Calvert "spy steps" and on the right-hand side of the Redwood Street main entrance. The February 1904 fire that devastated downtown Baltimore left the Safe Deposit Building still standing. It did, however, sustain some damage when bricks from an adjacent building "fell through the skylight and set fire to the interior". The structural iron in the roof and basement helped to preserve the structure. The exterior and safe deposit boxes survived, but the interior had to be rebuilt. Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Previously the home of Club Dubai, the building was purchased by Modern Globe LLC for $1.25 million in May 2012 for use by the Chesapeake Shakespeare Company. After improvements estimated to cost about $6 million, there are plans to open the Mercantile building as a new venue for the Chesapeake Shakespeare Company in 2014. Plans call for a thrust stage, surrounded on three sides by two mezzanine levels.

text:
# Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company

**Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company** is a historic bank building in Baltimore, designed by the Baltimore architectural firm of Wyatt and Sperry and constructed in 1885. It has a brick-with-stone-ornamentation Romanesque Revival structure, with deeply set windows, round-arch window openings, squat columns with foliated capitals, steeply pitched broad plane roofs, and straight-topped window groups. The interior features a large banking room with a balcony, Corinthian columns and ornate wall plaster work.

The Safe Deposit Company on Redwood Street in Baltimore was one of the few buildings that survived the Great Baltimore Fire of 1904. It was "created as a repository of Southern wealth in 1864" This date was not only "one year before the start of the Civil War but one year after the National Bank Act of 1863". Coincidentally, the March 10, 1864 grant of the state charter for the Safe Deposit was on the same day that newspapers reported General Sherman's arrival in Vicksburg, MS at the end of the Vicksburg Campaign.

The Safe Deposit Building was finished in 1886, was "red brick with light red firestone trim". Around the turn of the century, the Safe Deposit Company boasted about the security of their vaults. Safe Deposit touted its "Great Vault," whose three fireproof outer doors and two burglar-proof inner ones sat in walls of steel and iron, surrounded by a foot of concrete and 2 feet of brick, according to a company history. Along the street, there were "spy steps" which enabled roving late 19th century policemen to peer into the windows. These "spy steps" provided in the center of the south part of the west wall, and on each side of the doorway are about three feet from the ground. They are a protruding stone step, and at shoulder height is a bronze ring. This was intended to assist a policeman to look in the windows. The "brass ring at shoulder level was used to balance them on the step. The steps are still jutting out into the sidewalk on both the Calvert and Redwood street sides of the Safe Deposit building. However, metal rings are only on one of the Calvert "spy steps" and on the right-hand side of the Redwood Street main entrance.

The February 1904 fire that devastated downtown Baltimore left the Safe Deposit Building still standing. It did, however, sustain some damage when bricks from an adjacent building "fell through the skylight and set fire to the interior". The structural iron in the roof and basement helped to preserve the structure. The exterior and safe deposit boxes survived, but the interior had to be rebuilt.

Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Previously the home of Club Dubai, the building was purchased by Modern Globe LLC for $1.25 million in May 2012 for use by the Chesapeake Shakespeare Company. After improvements estimated to cost about $6 million, there are plans to open the Mercantile building as a new venue for the Chesapeake Shakespeare Company in 2014. Plans call for a thrust stage, surrounded on three sides by two mezzanine levels.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Baltimore City Landmark | |
|  | |
| Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company, September 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 202 E. Redwood St., Baltimore, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°17′21″N 76°36′45″W / 39.28917°N 76.61250°W / 39.28917; -76.61250 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1885 (1885) |
| Architect | Wyatt & Sperry |
| Architectural style | Romanesque |
| NRHP reference No. | 83002935 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | March 17, 1983 |
| Designated BCL | 1975 |


title: Talitres

abstract: Talitres, formerly known as Talitres Records, is a French independent record label based in Bordeaux, founded in 2000 and specializing in indie pop and folk music. It began as a way to release music from indie rock bands that were not distributed in France and Europe, and has expanded to include various artists from all around the world. The label has released notable records by The National, Motorama, Destroyer, François & the Atlas Mountains, Emily Jane White, and many others. Talitres' first release was Elk City's debut album in March 2001 and has gone on to release between 5 and 8 albums each year since then.

text:
# Talitres

**Talitres**, formerly known as **Talitres Records**, is a French independent record label based in Bordeaux, founded in 2000 and specializing in indie pop and folk music. It began as a way to release music from indie rock bands that were not distributed in France and Europe, and has expanded to include various artists from all around the world. The label has released notable records by The National, Motorama, Destroyer, François & the Atlas Mountains, Emily Jane White, and many others.

Talitres' first release was Elk City's debut album in March 2001 and has gone on to release between 5 and 8 albums each year since then.

## History

Talitres was founded in 2000 by Sean Bouchard and his friend Xavier Simon (who left shortly after to start his own record label Drunk Dog). Inspired by the likes of Matador Records, Secretly Canadian or Bella Union, Bouchard, a former agronomist, wanted to start a label that championed indie albums and artists that were virtually unknown to the general public in France and Europe and that were not released in these territories.

The label's first release was Elk City album Status, licensed from Parasol Records for release in Europe. It was a reasonable success, gathering praise by specialist press and generalist media alike. Many of the following albums on Talitres' discography were released under the same licensing model that allowed to put out albums much faster while reducing costs, an ideal solution for these risky early days. However, the label has gradually departed from this model, preferring instead to sign production contracts when possible. The notable releases came with The Walkmen debut album in 2002, The National Sad Songs For Dirty Lovers album in 2003 and Flotation Toy Warning Bluffer’s Guide To The Flight Deck in 2004, which gave the label its first international exposure and opened the gates for a wider repertoire of artists like The Wedding Present or The Organ, attracted by its growing notoriety and the developing touring opportunities that resulted from it.

In 2006, the shutdown of Talitres’ historical distributor Chronowax weakened the label and made it vulnerable. Understanding the need to diversify his income sources to survive, Bouchard rapidly began to handle the touring and booking of the artists himself. At the same time, he focused on the music publishing and licensing aspects in order to collect rights and royalties generated by public broadcasts and radio airplay. He also went on to develop and supervise the placement of songs from the catalogue in movies, advertising, documentaries and the whole TV network. Famous music placement include Ewert And The Two Dragons' song “In The End There's Only Love” in a McDonald's advertising campaign centered on the 2012 Summer Olympics, Le Loup's “Morning Song” for a SFR commercial in 2014 and a 2016 sync of Motorama's song “Wind In Her Hair” in a cosmetics commercial by Garnier.

In 2008, the label made a pivotal move by signing folk songwriter Emily Jane White and releasing her album Dark Undercoat, which is still the biggest sale of the label to this day. Emily Jane White has so far released 5 albums on Talitres and is considered as one of the most emblematic artists of the label’s catalogue.

In March 2012, while visiting the Tallinn Music Week festival, Sean Bouchard stumbled upon the Russian post-punk band Motorama which was playing in a Design and Architecture gallery. He signed them shortly after and released their second album, “Calendar”, in November 2012. Good reviews and extensive touring in various countries allowed the band to make an impact much beyond French boundaries and helped the label to reach a larger audience. Thanks to this success, Talitres signed a contract with American record distributor MVD and allowed the label to develop itself abroad.

Talitres has continued to sign various artists and currently has a roster of 19 active bands and has released near 100 albums.

## Artists

### Current Artists

### Full Roster

## InfoBox

| Talitres | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 2000 |
| Founder | Sean Bouchard, Xavier Simon |
| Distributor(s) | Differ-Ant, Shellshock, Rough Trade, Munich V2 Benelux, Audioglobe, Believe Digital |
| Genre | Indie, Indie Pop, Indie Folk, Folk, Indie Rock, Slowcore |
| Country of origin | France |
| Location | Bordeaux |
| Official website | talitres.com |


title: The Spinning Heart

abstract: The Spinning Heart is a social novel written by Irish novelist Donal Ryan. It was first published in 2012 by Penguin Random House. Steerforth Press published the US edition in 2013. It won the 2012 Irish Book Award for the Newcomer of the Year and Book of the Year. It won the 2013 Guardian First Book Award It also won the European Union Prize for Literature (Ireland) in 2015 It was longlisted for the 2013 Man Booker Prize and shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award in 2014. In 2016 it was voted Irish Book of the Decade in a poll run by Dublin Book Festival.

text:
# The Spinning Heart

***The Spinning Heart*** is a social novel written by Irish novelist Donal Ryan. It was first published in 2012 by Penguin Random House. Steerforth Press published the US edition in 2013. It won the 2012 Irish Book Award for the Newcomer of the Year and Book of the Year. It won the 2013 Guardian First Book Award It also won the European Union Prize for Literature (Ireland) in 2015 It was longlisted for the 2013 Man Booker Prize and shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award in 2014. In 2016 it was voted Irish Book of the Decade in a poll run by Dublin Book Festival.

## Plot

The Spinning Heart is set in the aftermath of the collapse of the Celtic Tiger. Each chapter is told from the perspective of a different character, affected by the recession in a different way as a local property developer, Pokey Burke, goes bust and flees the country.


title: Nishoku no Koma

abstract: Nishoku no Koma (二色の独楽) is the fourth studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Yosui Inoue, released in October 1974. All tracks which appeared on the album were recorded at the studios in Los Angeles, owing to a record producer Hidenori Taga's suggestion. Except an arranger Katz Hoshi and a guitarist Hiromi Yasuda, recording for the album were completed by the Western session musicians. In addition to Hoshi who had participated in Inoue's previous albums, Gene Page joined the arrangement for some songs. The title track was arranged by Jack Nitzsche, who appointed all personnel and controlled the recording of the song rigidly. Highly recommended by the recording artist himself, the song "Yūdachi" was released as a single prior to the album. It features an arrangement reminiscent of "Sympathy for the Devil" by The Rolling Stones. Because of the contribution for the song, an arranger Katz Hoshi won the 16th Japan Record Awards for "Best Arrangement" category. Like a predecessor, Nishoku no Koma also reached the top on the Japanese Oricon Weekly LP charts, and remained there for ten consecutive weeks.

text:
# Nishoku no Koma

***Nishoku no Koma*** (二色の独楽) is the fourth studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Yosui Inoue, released in October 1974.

All tracks which appeared on the album were recorded at the studios in Los Angeles, owing to a record producer Hidenori Taga's suggestion. Except an arranger Katz Hoshi and a guitarist Hiromi Yasuda, recording for the album were completed by the Western session musicians. In addition to Hoshi who had participated in Inoue's previous albums, Gene Page joined the arrangement for some songs. The title track was arranged by Jack Nitzsche, who appointed all personnel and controlled the recording of the song rigidly.

Highly recommended by the recording artist himself, the song "Yūdachi" was released as a single prior to the album. It features an arrangement reminiscent of "Sympathy for the Devil" by The Rolling Stones. Because of the contribution for the song, an arranger Katz Hoshi won the 16th Japan Record Awards for "Best Arrangement" category.

Like a predecessor, *Nishoku no Koma* also reached the top on the Japanese Oricon Weekly LP charts, and remained there for ten consecutive weeks.

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by Yōsui Inoue

### Side one

All songs arranged by Katz Hoshi (except "Gomen", "Tsuki ga Warau" arranged by Gene Page, "Nishoku no Koma" arranged by Jack Nitzsche)

1. "Kasa ga Nai (傘がない) (Introduction)" - 1:09
2. "Yūdachi (夕立)" - 2:35
3. "Taiyou no Machi (太陽の町)" - 1:11
4. "Happy Birthday" - 3:56
5. "Zenmai Jikake no Kabutomushi (ゼンマイじかけのカブト虫)" - 3:05
6. "Gomen (御免)" - 2:59
7. "Tsuki ga Warau (月が笑う)" - 3:43
8. "Nishoku no Koma (二色の独楽)" - 5:18

### Side two

All songs arranged by Katz Hoshi (except "London Kyūkou" and "Taiyou no Machi" arranged by Gene Page)

1. "Kimi to Boku no Blues (君と僕のブルース, *Kimi to Boku no Burūsu*)" - 3:31
2. "No-ichigo (野イチゴ)" - 2:54
3. "London Kyūkou (ロンドン急行)" - 3:38
4. "Tabi kara Tabi (旅から旅)" - 4:29
5. "Nemuri ni Sasoware (眠りにさそわれ)" - 4:14
6. "Taiyou no Machi (太陽の町)" - 3:03

## Personnel

## Production

* Hidenori Taga - Produce
* Yasuo Kawase - Assistant
* Katsuya Amuro - Assistant
* Yoshiyuki Okuda - Management
* Henry Lewy - Engineer
* Bruce Botnich - Engineer
* Susumu Ohno - Engineer
* Fuyuo Nakamura - Photography
* Yosui Inoue - Photography
* Fukuyo Inoue - Photography
* Osamu Sakai - Layout design

## Chart positions

### Album

| Year | Country | Chart | Position | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1974-76 | Japan | Oricon Weekly LP Albums Chart (top 100) | 1 | 668,000+ |
| | | Oricon Weekly CT Albums Chart (top 100) | 1 | |

### Singles

| Year | Single | B-Side | Chart | Position | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1974 | "Yūdachi" | "Zenmai Jikake no Kabutomushi" | Japanese Oricon Weekly (top 100) | 15 | 140,000 |
| 1975 | "Gomen" | "Tabi kara Tabi" | | 29 | 80,000 |

## Awards

| **Japan Record Awards** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Category | Winner |
| 1974 (16th) | "Yūdachi" | Best Arrangements | Katz Hoshi |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label | Format | Catalog number | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan | October 1, 1974 | Polydor | LP | MR5050 |
| | | | Audio cassette | Unknown |
| | Unknown | | LP | 25MX-1057 | Re-issue with alternative cover art |
| | September 1, 1983 | | CD | 3113-12 |
| | | | September 1, 1990 | POCH-1024 |
| | | | June 25, 1996 | POCH-1575 | Original recording digitally remastered (20-bit) |
| | | December 19, 2001 | Universal | UPCH-1127 | Original recording digitally remastered (24-bit) |
| | | October 4, 2006 | UPCY-6256 | 2001 Remaster |
| | | | LP | UPJY-9004 |
| | | | December 17, 2009 | SHM-CD | UPCY-6504 |

## InfoBox

| Nishoku no Koma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Yōsui Inoue | |
| Released | October 1, 1974 |
| Recorded | June 22 – July 12, 1974, at the A&M Studios, Los Angeles, United States |
| Genre | Folk rock |
| Length | 45:47 |
| Label | Polydor Japan |
| Producer | Hidenori Taga |
| Yōsui Inoue chronology | |
| *Kōri no Sekai*
(1973) ***Nishoku no Koma***
(1974) *Good Pages*
(1975) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Nishoku no Koma* | |
| 1. "Yūdachi"/"Zenmai Jikake no Kabutomushi"
Released: September 1, 1974 2. "Gomen"/"Tabi kara Tabi"
Released: June 21, 1975 | |
|  | |


title: Yasuhiro Une

abstract: Yasuhiro Une is a paralympic athlete from Japan competing mainly in category T52 sprinting events. Yasuhiro competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics where he won gold in the 200m and silver in the 100m.

text:
# Yasuhiro Une

**Yasuhiro Une** (畝康 弘*, Une Yasuhiro*) is a paralympic athlete from Japan competing mainly in category T52 sprinting events.

Yasuhiro competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics where he won gold in the 200m and silver in the 100m.

## InfoBox

Yasuhiro Une
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Paralympic athletics | | |
| Representing  Japan | | |
| Paralympic Games | | |
|  | 1996 Atlanta | 200 metres - T52 |
|  | 1996 Atlanta | 100 metres - T52 |


title: Terrazoanthus

abstract:
Terrazoanthus is a genus of corals belonging to the family Hydrozoanthidae. The species of this genus are found in the coasts of America, Africa and Japan. Species:
  - Terrazoanthus californicus
  - Terrazoanthus minutus
  - Terrazoanthus onoi Reimer & Fujii, 2010
  - Terrazoanthus patagonichus
  - Terrazoanthus sinnigeri Reimer & Fujii, 2010

text:
# Terrazoanthus

***Terrazoanthus*** is a genus of corals belonging to the family Hydrozoanthidae.

The species of this genus are found in the coasts of America, Africa and Japan.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Terrazoanthus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Terrazoanthus onoi* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Zoantharia |
| Family: | Hydrozoanthidae |
| Genus: | *Terrazoanthus*<br>Reimer & Fujii, 2010 |
|


title: HpaII

abstract: HpaII is a restriction enzyme obtained from the microorganism Haemophilus parainfluenzae. It is a DNA restriction enzyme, therefore it has the ability to cut the DNA from certain region as demonstrated below. It has the ability to produce cohesive ends, which are rather useful in constructing plasmids. HpaII will not cut sites that have been methylated by SssI methyltransferase or HpaII methyltransferase. When the sites have been methylated by MspI methyltransferase, the enzyme will cut 300 times slower than unmethylated DNA and 50 times slower if the DNA is hemi-methylated. This feature is exploited for determination of the clonal origin of a mammalian female tumor through HUMARA assay.

text:
# HpaII

**HpaII** (IntEnz: *EC 3.1.21.4*) is a restriction enzyme obtained from the microorganism *Haemophilus parainfluenzae*. It is a DNA restriction enzyme, therefore it has the ability to cut the DNA from certain region as demonstrated below. It has the ability to produce cohesive ends, which are rather useful in constructing plasmids.

HpaII will not cut sites that have been methylated by SssI methyltransferase or HpaII methyltransferase. When the sites have been methylated by MspI methyltransferase, the enzyme will cut 300 times slower than unmethylated DNA and 50 times slower if the DNA is hemi-methylated. This feature is exploited for determination of the clonal origin of a mammalian female tumor through HUMARA assay.


title: Le Tech

abstract: Le Tech is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. It is part of the historical Vallespir comarca.

text:
# Le Tech

**Le Tech** (French pronunciation: \[ tɛk\] ; Catalan: *El Tec*) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. It is part of the historical Vallespir comarca.

## Geography

### Localisation

Le Tech is located east of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste, in the canton of Le Canigou and in the arrondissement of Céret.

### Neighbouring communes

### Land relief

Elevation ranges from 420 to 2721 meters.

### Hydrography

The territory of Le Tech is shaped by the valley of the river Coumelade and the village itself is located at the confluence of the Coumelade and the river Tech.

## Toponymy

Le Tech takes its name from the Tech river which runs through the village.

## History

The commune of Le Tech was created on March 19, 1862, by a piece of territory being separated from Prats-de-Mollo.

## Government and politics

### Mayors

| Mayor | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jean-Michel Coste | 1971 | 1980 |
| Raphaël Sales | 1980 | 1989 |
| Roger Gineste | 1989 | ? |
| Claude Puitg | 2001 | 2008 |
| Guillaume Cervantes | 2008 |  |

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1866  554       1872  521 −1.02%  1876  543 +1.04%  1881  498 −1.72%  1886  508 +0.40%  1891  450 −2.40%  1896  458 +0.35%  1901  470 +0.52%  1906  557 +3.45%  1911  512 −1.67%  1921  439 −1.53%  1926  449 +0.45%  1931  410 −1.80% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1936  370 −2.03%  1946  249 −3.88%  1954  252 +0.15%  1962  218 −1.80%  1968  152 −5.83%  1975  126 −2.64%  1982  124 −0.23%  1990  124 +0.00%  1999  84 −4.24%  2007  86 +0.29%  2012  103 +3.67%  2017  95 −1.60% |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE | |

## Sites of interest

* Saint Mary church : the ancient church from the 17th c., located near the river, was destroyed by floods in 1940 and a new one was then built above the village.
* St Guillem of Combret Hermitage
* Sainte Cécile de Cos church
* Cos tower
* Saint Côme et Saint-Damien de La Llau church

## InfoBox

| Le Tech El Tec | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| An overall view of Le Tech | |
| Location of Le Tech | |
| Le TechLe Tech | |
| Coordinates: 42°24′41″N 2°32′42″E / 42.4114°N 2.545°E / 42.4114; 2.545 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Pyrénées-Orientales |
| Arrondissement | Céret |
| Canton | Le Canigou |
| Intercommunality | Haut Vallespir |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Guillaume Cervantes |
| Area**1** | 25.18 km2 (9.72 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 98 |
| Density | 3.9/km2 (10/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 66206 /66230 |
| Elevation | 420–2,721 m (1,378–8,927 ft)
(avg. 520 m or 1,710 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Mordellistena mixta

abstract: Mordellistena mixta is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1946.

text:
# Mordellistena mixta

***Mordellistena mixta*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1946.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena mixta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. mixta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena mixta***<br>Costa, 1946 | |
|


title: Folkington Reservoir

abstract: Folkington Reservoir is a 5.8-hectare (14-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-west of Polegate in East Sussex. The banks of the reservoir support a rich chalk grassland flora including kidney vetch, horseshoe vetch, pyramidal orchid, fragrant orchid and the rare and protected hairy mallow. The reservoir itself is covered and the bare chalk on top supports ruderal species such as scarlet pimpernel and parsley piert.

text:
# Folkington Reservoir

**Folkington Reservoir** is a 5.8-hectare (14-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-west of Polegate in East Sussex.

The banks of the reservoir support a rich chalk grassland flora including kidney vetch, horseshoe vetch, pyramidal orchid, fragrant orchid and the rare and protected hairy mallow. The reservoir itself is covered and the bare chalk on top supports ruderal species such as scarlet pimpernel and parsley piert.

50°48′36″N 0°13′08″E / 50.810°N 0.219°E / 50.810; 0.219

## InfoBox

Folkington Reservoir
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | East Sussex |
| Grid reference | TQ 564 035 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 5.8 hectares (14 acres) |
| Notification | 1987 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Gamecock Media Group

abstract: Gamecock Media Group was an American video game publisher based in Austin, Texas, founded in February 2007 by Mike Wilson, Harry Miller and Rick Stults, formerly founders and executives of Gathering of Developers. The company was acquired by SouthPeak Games in October 2008 and subsequently shut down.

text:
# Gamecock Media Group

**Gamecock Media Group** was an American video game publisher based in Austin, Texas, founded in February 2007 by Mike Wilson, Harry Miller and Rick Stults, formerly founders and executives of Gathering of Developers. The company was acquired by SouthPeak Games in October 2008 and subsequently shut down.

## History

### Founding

Gamecock Media Group was founded by Mike Wilson and Harry Miller, alongside Rick Stults. All three had previously co-founded Gathering of Developers in 1998, where they served as chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief financial officer, respectively. Gamecock's existence was announced on February 12, 2007, and coincided with the reveal of the first five games that would be released through Gamecock—*Fury* by Auran, *Insecticide* by Crackpot Entertainment, *Mushroom Men* by Red Fly Studio, *Hail to the Chimp* by Wideload Games, and *Hero* by Firefly Studios.

Gamecock used a more hands-off approach and allowed developers creative freedom with their work, as well as letting them keep their own intellectual property. For the new company, Wilson was appointed CEO.

### 2007 Spike Video Game Awards controversy

During the 2007 Spike Video Game Awards in Las Vegas, as Ken Levine was about to take the stage and give an acceptance speech for the Game of the Year award for *BioShock*, Gamecock employees rushed the stage in capes and rooster hats, using the microphone for self-promotion. The interruption resulted in Levine being unable to talk before he was ushered off-stage. Gamecock CEO Wilson later apologized.

### Acquisition and closure

On October 14, 2008, Gamecock was acquired by SouthPeak Games. Subsequently, Gamecock's Austin operations were closed, and all outstanding games were transferred to SouthPeak, with the Gamecock brand being retired.

## Games published

| Year | Title | Platform(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Fury* | Microsoft Windows |
| | *Dementium: The Ward* | Nintendo DS |
| 2008 | *Insecticide* | Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS |
| | *Stronghold Crusader Extreme* | Microsoft Windows |
| | *Hail to the Chimp* | PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |
| | *Pirates vs. Ninjas Dodgeball* | Xbox 360, Wii |
| | *Legendary* | Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |
| | *Mushroom Men* | Nintendo DS, Wii |

## InfoBox

Gamecock Media Group
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | February 12, 2007 (2007-02-12) |
| Founders |  |
| Defunct | October 14, 2008 (2008-10-14) |
| Fate | Dissolved |
| Headquarters | Austin, Texas, U.S. |
| Area served | North America |
| Key people | Mike Wilson (CEO) |
| Parent | SouthPeak Games (2008) |


title: Tan Thol

abstract: Tan Thol is a former Cambodian cyclist. He competed in the 1000m time trial and men's sprint events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Tan Thol

**Tan Thol** (born 2 April 1941) is a former Cambodian cyclist. He competed in the 1000m time trial and men's sprint events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Tan Thol
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1941-04-02) 2 April 1941 |
| Height | 161 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
| Weight | 54 kg (119 lb) |


title: The Shattered Circle

abstract: The Shattered Circle is a fantasy role-playing game adventure published by TSR in 1999 using the rules of the second edition of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D).

text:
# The Shattered Circle

***The Shattered Circle*** is a fantasy role-playing game adventure published by TSR in 1999 using the rules of the second edition of *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* (*AD&D*).

## Plot summary

One menhir in an ancient stone circle near Cahervaniel has fallen over, revealing a dark tunnel beneath it. A local shepherd has disappeared, monsters have begun to appear at night, and the adventurers are called in to investigate. They discover a vast 3-level underground labyrinth ruled by an ancient spirit.

*The Shattered Circle* is a 28-page adventure recommended for player characters of Levels 1–3; however, several critics found the adventure too lethal for low-level adventurers and recommended some judicious editing of the monsters and traps by the gamemaster to make the adventure less deadly.

## Publication history

In 1997, TSR was taken over by Wizards of the Coast (WotC), but the new owners kept the TSR marque for work related to *AD&D*. Two years later, Bruce Cordell designed the *AD&D* adventure *The Shattered Circle* and it was published in 1999 with cover art by Tony Szczudlo and cartography by Robert Lazzaretti and Sam Wood.

It was one of the final products for the second edition of *AD&D*, and one of the final products published under the TSR marque. A few months later, WotC introduced the third edition of *Dungeons & Dragons* and published it under their own trademark.

## Reception

In Issue 29 of the German RPG magazine *Envoyer*, the reviewer noted, "According to the description, it is intended for characters of levels 1–3, either real newcomers or new characters from more experienced players. The latter is certainly the better option — for a real newcomer to the hobby, the setting has a few too many pitfalls and probably also a death rate that is too high." It was felt that the adventure was well-structured, but a bit overpowered for a low-level party. In particular the suggestion was made to remove or fake a few of the many deadly traps to reduce the number of character deaths. The final boss fight was also deemed too powerful. The reviewer concluded on positive note, writing, "Beautiful scenery, good brainstorming, idiosyncratic direction, splatter-heavy — with some careful editing by the gamemaster, the end product could be something quite good."

In Issue 14 of the French games magazine *Backstab*, Phillippe Tessier called this "a very classic adventure that takes the heroes into dark underground spaces haunted by spidery creatures." However, Tessier found the adventure over-powered for 1st and 2nd level characters, and suggested "level 3 is really a minimum, some creatures being quite powerful." Several issues later, Thomas Féron reviewed the new French translation, and wrote "There's a word for it: a dungeon. A real one, a pure one, a tough one, the one where you grope for traps and repaint the walls with wandering monsters." Féron also found the adventure to difficult for low-level characters, but noted that it was suitable for new players, commenting, "this kind of scenario will rather interest young players and DMs, allowing them to complete it in two evenings or two or three afternoons. For veterans of the genre, one session and the deal is done." Féron concluded by giving the adventure an average score of 6 out of 10.

In Issue 119 of the French games magazine *Casus Belli*, Pierre Rosenthal compared this to TSR's famous introductory modules B1 *In Search of the Unknown* and B2 *The Keep on the Borderlands*, calling it "Very classically designed, it has the same objective as the legendary B1 and B2 mods: to provide a simple and dangerous adventure to beginner characters."


title: No. 157 Helicopter Unit, IAF

abstract: No. 157 Helicopter Unit is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with Mil Mi-17V5 and based at Barrackpore Air Force Station.

text:
# No. 157 Helicopter Unit, IAF

**No. 157 Helicopter Unit** is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with Mil Mi-17V5 and based at Barrackpore Air Force Station.

## History

### Assignments

### Aircraft

## InfoBox

| No. 157 Helicopter Unit | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 9 April 2012-Present |
| Country | Republic of India |
| Branch | Indian Air Force |
| Garrison/HQ | Barrackpore AFS |
| Nickname(s) | "Tarkshya" |
| Motto(s) | *<br>No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy* |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | Mil Mi-17V5 |


title: Yehuda Magidovitch

abstract: Yehuda Magidovitch (1886–1961) was one of the most prolific Israeli architects. Among his prominent works are the Galei Aviv Casino, a café-restaurant, and the Cinema Esther, both in Tel Aviv.

text:
# Yehuda Magidovitch

**Yehuda Magidovitch** (1886–1961) was one of the most prolific Israeli architects. Among his prominent works are the Galei Aviv Casino, a café-restaurant (demolished in 1939), and the Cinema Esther (now Cinema Hotel), both in Tel Aviv.

## Biography

### Early life

Yehuda Magidovitch was born in 1886 in Uman in Ukraine, back then part of the Russian Empire. He studied in Odessa. In 1919, he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine.

### Career

Magidovitch became the first chief engineer of Tel Aviv in 1920. In 1923 he established his own design and construction company. In 1934 his son Raphael also joined the office.

Magidovitch first built in the i1920s in the eclectic style, but beginning in the early 1930s he started moving towards Art Deco. His first International style designs from 1934 retained a personal artistic expression.

### Death

Magidovitch suffered a brain hemorrhage in 1954, which brought his professional activity to an end. He died in 1961 in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Media related to Yehuda Magidovitch at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Yehuda Magidovitch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1886
Uman, Ukraine |
| Died | 1961
Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Nationality | Israeli |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Eumitra waitemataensis

abstract: Eumitra waitemataensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

text:
# Eumitra waitemataensis

***Eumitra waitemataensis*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## Distribution

This species occurs in New Zealand.

## InfoBox

| *Eumitra waitemataensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Mitroidea |
| Family: | Mitridae |
| Subfamily: | Mitrinae |
| Genus: | *Eumitra* |
| Species: | ***E. waitemataensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eumitra waitemataensis***<br>(Powell & Bartrum, 1929) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Diplomitra waitemataensis* Powell & Bartrum, 1929 | |


title: Huancaraylla District

abstract: Huancaraylla District is one of twelve districts of the Víctor Fajardo Province in Peru.

text:
# Huancaraylla District

**Huancaraylla District** is one of twelve districts of the Víctor Fajardo Province in Peru.

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Wayta Wayta at 4,600 m (15,100 ft). Other mountains are listed below:

* Aqu Q'asa
* Hatun Urqu
* Inti Watana
* K'ark'a Pata
* Llut'u Pukyu
* Punta Urqu
* Qichqa Urqu
* Saywa
* Wank'a Saywa
* Yana Pukyu
* Yuraq Urqu

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (92.34%) learnt to speak in childhood, 7.54% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).

Wankaraylla, distrito donde nació el Cronista Indio Guaman Puma de Ayala. Perteneció al curato de Willkawaman en el Virreynato. Tiene un clima templado y sol todo el año. Sus hijos más ilustres son Casimiro Yaranga y Abdón Yaranga V.

13°43′15″S 74°08′02″W / 13.7207°S 74.1339°W / -13.7207; -74.1339

## InfoBox

| Huancaraylla | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Ayacucho |
| Province | Víctor Fajardo |
| Founded | January 2, 1857 |
| Capital | Huancaraylla |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Santos Quispe Nicodemos |
| Area | |
| Total | 165.49 km2 (63.90 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,230 m (10,600 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 1,796 |
| Density | 11/km2 (28/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 051009 |


title: Le Teich

abstract: Le Teich is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. In this commune, there is a park created in order to observe birds without putting them in danger.

text:
# Le Teich

**Le Teich** (French pronunciation: \[ tɛʃ\]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

In this commune, there is a park created in order to observe birds without putting them in danger.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 1,680 |  |
| 1975 | 2,176 | +3.76% |
| 1982 | 2,946 | +4.42% |
| 1990 | 3,607 | +2.56% |
| 1999 | 4,822 | +3.28% |
| 2007 | 6,284 | +3.37% |
| 2012 | 6,891 | +1.86% |
| 2017 | 7,906 | +2.79% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Twin towns – sister cities

## InfoBox

| Le Teich | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Le Teich | |
|  | |
| Location of Le Teich | |
| Le TeichLe Teich | |
| Coordinates: 44°38′05″N 1°01′21″W / 44.6347°N 1.0225°W / 44.6347; -1.0225 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Gironde |
| Arrondissement | Arcachon |
| Canton | Gujan-Mestras |
| Intercommunality | CA Bassin d'Arcachon Sud |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20232026) | Karine Desmoulin |
| Area**1** | 87.08 km2 (33.62 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 9,004 |
| Density | 100/km2 (270/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 33527 /33470 |
| Elevation | 0–35 m (0–115 ft)
(avg. 7 m or 23 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Marshlands (Beaufort, South Carolina)

abstract: Marshlands, also known as the James Robert Verdier House, is a historic house at 501 Pinckney Street in Beaufort, South Carolina. Built about 1814, it is a high quality and well-preserved example of early Beaufort architecture, showing both Adamesque and West Indian stylistic influences. It is also notable as a home of Dr. James Robert Verdier, who discovered a treatment for yellow fever. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its architectural significance.

text:
# Marshlands (Beaufort, South Carolina)

**Marshlands**, also known as the **James Robert Verdier House**, is a historic house at 501 Pinckney Street in Beaufort, South Carolina. Built about 1814, it is a high quality and well-preserved example of early Beaufort architecture, showing both Adamesque and West Indian stylistic influences. It is also notable as a home of Dr. James Robert Verdier, who discovered a treatment for yellow fever. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its architectural significance.

## Description and history

Marshlands is located in Beaufort's historic downtown, on a parcel east of the junction of Pinckney and Federal Streets, overlooking the Beaufort River. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, set on a tall foundation of pink tabby cement with an arcade of arches. It is topped by a hip roof and its exterior is sheathed in wooden clapboards. A single-story porch extends around three sides of the house, supported by square columns. The main entrance is framed by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight. The interior retains high quality original Adamesque woodwork.

The house was built about 1814 for Dr. James Robert Verdier, and is noted among Beaufort's houses for its distinctive blend of Adam style elements with those from the West Indies, the latter including the arcaded basement and the single-story porch (when typical Beafort houses have two-story porches). Dr. Verdier was noted for discovering early treatments for yellow fever; his house was used during the American Civil War as the headquarters for the United States Sanitary Commission. The house is privately owned, and is not open to the public.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Marshlands (Dr. James Robert Verdier House) | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Contributing Property | |
|  | |
| James Robert Verdier House - Marshlands | |
|  | |
| Location | 501 Pinckney St.,
Beaufort, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 32°25′59.4″N 80°39′56″W / 32.433167°N 80.66556°W / 32.433167; -80.66556 |
| Built | 1814 |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| Part of | Beaufort Historic District (ID69000159) |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001674 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 7, 1973 |
| Designated NHL | November 7, 1973 |
| Designated NHLDCP | November 7, 1973 |


title: Tan Thuan Heng

abstract: Tan Thuan Heng is a Malaysian and Singaporean former swimmer and water polo player. He competed in four swimming events at the 1964 Summer Olympics for Malaysia. Later, he competed in the 1966 Asian Games and 1970 Asian Games for Singapore.

text:
# Tan Thuan Heng

**Tan Thuan Heng** (born 14 July 1948) is a Malaysian and Singaporean former swimmer and water polo player. He competed in four swimming events at the 1964 Summer Olympics for Malaysia. Later, he competed in the 1966 Asian Games and 1970 Asian Games for Singapore.

## InfoBox

Tan Thuan Heng
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1948-07-14) 14 July 1948 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Medal record      Men's swimming  Representing  Singapore  Asian Games  1966 Bangkok 200 m freestyle  1966 Bangkok 400 m freestyle  1970 Bangkok 100 m freestyle  1970 Bangkok 4×200 m freestyle  Southeast Asian Peninsular Games  1965 Kuala Lumpur 100 m freestyle  1965 Kuala Lumpur 200 m freestyle  1965 Kuala Lumpur 400 m freestyle  1965 Kuala Lumpur 400 m medley  1967 Bangkok 100 m freestyle  1967 Bangkok 200 m freestyle  1967 Bangkok 400 m freestyle  1967 Bangkok 1500 m freestyle  1969 Rangoon 100 m freestyle  1969 Rangoon 200 m freestyle  1969 Rangoon 400 m freestyle  1973 Singapore 100 m freestyle  1973 Singapore 4×100 m freestyle  1973 Singapore 4×100 m medley  1975 Bangkok 100 m freestyle  1961 Rangoon 400 m freestyle  1961 Rangoon 1500 m freestyle  1965 Kuala Lumpur 1500 m freestyle  1961 Rangoon 200 m freestyle  Men's water polo  Representing  Singapore  Asian Games  1966 Bangkok Team | |


title: The Shattered Isle

abstract: The Shattered Isle: Rebels Against the Mutant Master is a science fantasy tabletop role-playing game supplement designed by Kerie Campbell-Robson, Steve Perrin, and Sandy Petersen and published by Chaosium in 1987. Designed to be used with Hawkmoon or Stormbringer, it provides new rules, background, and adventures for a campaign set in Eire.

text:
# The Shattered Isle

***The Shattered Isle: Rebels Against the Mutant Master*** is a science fantasy tabletop role-playing game supplement designed by Kerie Campbell-Robson, Steve Perrin, and Sandy Petersen and published by Chaosium in 1987. Designed to be used with *Hawkmoon* or *Stormbringer*, it provides new rules, background, and adventures for a campaign set in *Eire*.

## Plot summary

*The Shattered Isle* is a supplement of rules concerning aerial combat and also for vehicles such as tanks, armored personnel carriers, and helicopters, and additionally includes six adventure scenarios.

## Publication history

*The Shattered Isle* was written by Steve Perrin, Sandy Petersen, and Kerie Campbell-Robson and was published by Chaosium in 1987 as a 64-page book.

## Reception

Peter Green reviewed *The Shattered Isle* for *White Dwarf* #90 and stated that "Both adventures successfully capture the flavour of the Hawkmoon novels. They are very Moorcockian, containing those weird and baroque elements which make Michael Moorcock such a distinctive writer. Chaosium have done a good job with the Eternal Champion line. It should appeal to both *Hawkmoon* and *Stormbringer* players."

Stewart Wieck reviewed the product in the December 1986 to January 1987 issue of *White Wolf*. He stated that it was "very nicely done and, if you have *Hawkmoon*, is a must". He rated it overall at 9 points out of 10.

## InfoBox

*The Shattered Isle*
| Rebels Against the Mutant Master | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover illustration by Susan Seddon Boulet. | |
| Designers |  |
| Publishers | Chaosium |
| Publication | 1987 (1987) |
| Genres | Science fantasy |
| Systems | Basic Role-Playing |


title: Holy Ghost (film)

abstract: Holy Ghost is a 2014 American Christian documentary film written and directed by Darren Wilson, to take the viewer to locations around the world to see if the Holy Spirit can really lead a film.

text:
# Holy Ghost (film)

***Holy Ghost*** is a 2014 American Christian documentary film written and directed by Darren Wilson, to take the viewer to locations around the world to see if the Holy Spirit can really lead a film.

## Production

Filmmaker Darren Wilson, director of *Father of Lights*, *Finger of God* and *Furious Love* set out to make a movie that was completely inspired by the Holy Spirit. With no set plan, Wilson relied completely on spiritual guidance to lead him wherever the adventure is. He and his team journeyed around the world in search of nature and evidence of the Holy Spirit and to explore the role of the Holy Spirit in art, ministry and Christian life.

The filmmakers had sought $200,000 in financing through Kickstarter and exceeded their goal. The funding campaign began on April 18, 2014, and within 24 hours had raised $77,000. Within 48 hours they had reached $100,000, and exceeded $125,000 after five days. By June 1, 2014 the project had received $357,000.

The film did not rely on a shooting script. Director Wilson "was interested in letting the film build organically instead of having a rigidly pre-determined structure or set interviews." Production ended up with footage enough for two films. Based on having so much footage, a sequel, *Holy Ghost Reborn,* was released in late 2015.

## Synopsis

The film consists of interviews with religious figures as well as musicians, all speaking about the ways their faith informs their work or the miracles they have witnessed.

## Cast

Film interviewees include Meredith Andrews, Heidi Baker, Reginald 'Fieldy' Arvizu, DeVon Franklin, Jake Hamilton, Bill Johnson, Brian Johnson, R.T. Kendall, Lenny Kravitz, Banning Liebscher, Jeremy Riddle, Michael W. Smith, Phil Vischer, Kim Walker-Smith, Brian 'Head' Welch, Gary Wilson, and William P. Young, among others.

## Release

Wanderlust Productions is partnering with Tugg, a site the allows users to request that a film be brought to their local theaters. Once the theater approves the request, users can sell tickets on a personalized "event page."

Wanderlust CEO Braden Heckman is offering the film free for theatrical viewing due to it being fully funded through Kickstarter, and is expecting that DVD sales will bring future profits. The film raising nearly $360 thousand in 45 days represents the most money raised by a faith-based film in the history of the Kickstarter platform.

The film was shown at the Soul Survivor Summer Festival in the summer of 2014. Darren Wilson introduced it personally before the showing. The film was released September 6, 2014.

## Sequel

A sequel, titled *Holy Ghost: Reborn* was released in 2015

## InfoBox

| Holy Ghost | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Darren Wilson |
| Written by | Darren Wilson |
| Produced by | Braden Heckman
Darren Wilson |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Bjorn Amundsen
Andrew Paul Howell
Darren Wilson |
| Edited by | Darren Wilson |
| Production
company | Wanderlust Productions |
| Distributed by | * Capitol Christian Distribution (DVD) * Tugg (Theatrical) |
| Release date | * September 6, 2014 (2014-09-06) |
| Running time | 113 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $357,665 |


title: Wasted Heart

abstract: Wasted Heart is the first EP, and third release overall, by American rock band Loaded.

text:
# Wasted Heart

***Wasted Heart*** is the first EP, and third release overall, by American rock band Loaded.

## Background

Following Scott Weiland's departure from Velvet Revolver on April 21, 2008 Loaded decided to regroup and record a new full-length album, with Velvet Revolver being put on hiatus until a new singer was found. After a few jam sessions, Loaded began recording what would become *Sick* with *Dark Days* producer Martin Feveyear at Jupiter Studios in Seattle, Washington. After signing a deal with Century Media the band began performing under the moniker ***Duff McKagan's Loaded*** to help promote the band further.

*Wasted Heart* was released September 22, 2008 to coincide with their European Tour although it was available before the release date during the UK Tour. A music video for the song "No More" was shot to promote the EP.

All of the EP tracks were later featured on Loaded's second album *Sick* with the exception of the EP exclusive track "Executioner's Song" as well as "Wasted Heart" (the EP version is acoustic while the album version is electric). "Executioner's Song" was later re-recorded for the band's third album *The Taking*, released in 2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Loaded, except "No More" by Trey Bruce and Duff McKagan

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sleaze Factory" | 3:46 |
| 2. | "No More" | 4:35 |
| 3. | "Executioner's Song" | 3:39 |
| 4. | "IOU" | 3:37 |
| 5. | "Wasted Heart" (Acoustic) | 4:33 |

## Personnel

Loaded Production personnel

## InfoBox

| Wasted Heart | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Loaded | |
| Released | September 22, 2008 |
| Recorded | June 418, 2008, at Jupiter Studios, Seattle, Washington |
| Genre | Hard rock, alternative rock, punk rock |
| Length | 20:12 |
| Label | Century Media |
| Producer | Martin Feveyear |
| Loaded chronology | |
| *Dark Days*
(2001) ***Wasted Heart***
(2008) *Sick*
(2009) | |


title: Huancapón District

abstract: Huancapón District is one of five districts of the province Cajatambo in Peru.

text:
# Huancapón District

**Huancapón District** is one of five districts of the province Cajatambo in Peru.

10°32′58″S 77°06′43″W / 10.5494°S 77.1120°W / -10.5494; -77.1120

## InfoBox

| Huancapón Wankapun | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Lima |
| Province | Cajatambo |
| Founded | September 25, 1868 |
| Capital | Huancapón |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Miguel Dante Ventocilla
(2019-2022) |
| Area | |
| Total | 146.1 km2 (56.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,145 m (10,318 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
| Total | 984 |
| Density | 6.7/km2 (17/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 150304 |


title: Lee Eun-woo

abstract: Lee Na-ra is a South Korean actress. She has worked on films such as Moebius and Kabukicho Love Hotel. In 2013, she was nominated for Best New Actress at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards.

text:
# Lee Eun-woo

**Lee Na-ra** (born August 22, 1980) is a South Korean actress. She has worked on films such as *Moebius* and *Kabukicho Love Hotel*. In 2013, she was nominated for Best New Actress at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards.

## Filmography

**Feature films**

**Television series**

## InfoBox

| Lee Na-ra | |
| --- | --- |
| Lee Na-ra at Style Icon Awards in 2011. | |
| Born | (1980-08-22) August 22, 1980<br>South Korea |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: V-League (South Korea)

abstract: The V-League is a South Korean club volleyball competition. It was founded in 2005 and currently has seven men's clubs and seven women's clubs.

text:
# V-League (South Korea)

The **V-League** is a South Korean club volleyball competition. It was founded in 2005 and currently has seven men's clubs and seven women's clubs.

## Teams

### Men's clubs

AnsanCheonanDaejeonIncheonSeoulSuwonUijeongbuclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in **V-League Men's Clubs**

| Team | Location | Stadium | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ansan OK Financial Group Okman | Ansan | Sangnoksu Gymnasium | 2,700 |
| Cheonan Hyundai Capital Skywalkers | Cheonan | Yu Gwan-sun Gymnasium | 5,482 |
| Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Daejeon | Chungmu Gymnasium | 5,000 |
| Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | Incheon | Gyeyang Gymnasium | 4,270 |
| Seoul Woori Card WooriWON | Seoul | Jangchung Gymnasium | 4,507 |
| Suwon KEPCO Vixtorm | Suwon | Suwon Gymnasium | 4,317 |
| Uijeongbu KB Insurance Stars | Uijeongbu | Uijeongbu Gymnasium | 6,240 |

### Women's clubs

DaejeonGimcheonSeoulHwaseongIncheonSuwonGwangjuclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in **V-League Women's Clubs**

| Team | Location | Stadium | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Daejeon KGC | Daejeon | Chungmu Gymnasium | 5,000 |
| Gimcheon Korea Expressway Hi-pass | Gimcheon | Gimcheon Gymnasium | 6,000 |
| GS Caltex Seoul KIXX | Seoul | Jangchung Gymnasium | 4,507 |
| Hwaseong IBK Altos | Hwaseong | Hwaseong Gymnasium | 5,152 |
| Incheon Heungkuk Life Pink Spiders | Incheon | Samsan World Gymnasium | 7,140 |
| Suwon Hyundai E&C Hillstate | Suwon | Suwon Gymnasium | 4,317 |
| Gwangju Pepper Bank | Gwangju | Yeomju Gymnasium | 8,500 |

## Champions

### Men's champions

#### Titles by season

| Season | Champions | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2005–06 | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs |
| 2006–07 | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs |
| 2007–08 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2008–09 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2009–10 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2010–11 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos |
| 2011–12 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos |
| 2012–13 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos |
| 2013–14 | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2014–15 | Ansan OKman | Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs |
| 2015–16 | Ansan OKman | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2016–17 | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos |
| 2017–18 | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2018–19 | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos |
| 2019–20 | *Season cancelled* | |
| 2020–21 | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | Seoul Woori Card Wibee |
| 2021–22 | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | Uijeongbu KB Insurance Stars |
| 2022–23 | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers |
| 2023–24 | Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | Ansan OKman |
|

#### Titles by club

| Club | Champions | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs | 8 | 3 |
| Incheon Korean Air Jumbos | 5 | 5 |
| Cheonan Hyundai Skywalkers | 4 | 8 |
| Ansan OKman | 2 | 1 |
| Seoul Woori Card Wibee | 0 | 1 |
| Uijeongbu KB Insurance Stars | 0 | 1 |
| Suwon KEPCO Vixtorm | 0 | 0 |

### Women's Champions

#### Titles by season

| Season | Champions | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Daejeon KGC | Gimcheon Hi-pass |
| 2005–06 | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders | Gimcheon Hi-pass |
| 2006–07 | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders | Suwon Hyundai Hillstate |
| 2007–08 | GS Caltex Seoul KIXX | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders |
| 2008–09 | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders | GS Caltex Seoul KIXX |
| 2009–10 | Daejeon KGC | Suwon Hyundai Hillstate |
| 2010–11 | Suwon Hyundai Hillstate | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders |
| 2011–12 | Daejeon KGC | Suwon Hyundai Hillstate |
| 2012–13 | Hwaseong IBK Altos | GS Caltex Seoul KIXX |
| 2013–14 | GS Caltex Seoul KIXX | Hwaseong IBK Altos |
| 2014–15 | Hwaseong IBK Altos | Gimcheon Hi-pass |
| 2015–16 | Suwon Hyundai Hillstate | Hwaseong IBK Altos |
| 2016–17 | Hwaseong IBK Altos | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders |
| 2017–18 | Gimcheon Hi-pass | Hwaseong IBK Altos |
| 2018–19 | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders | Gimcheon Hi-pass |
| 2019–20 | *Season cancelled* | |
| 2020–21 | GS Caltex Seoul KIXX | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders |
| 2021–22 | *Season cancelled* | |
| 2022–23 | Gimcheon Hi-pass | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders |
| 2023–24 | Suwon Hyundai Hillstate | Incheon Heungkuk Pink Spiders |

#### Titles by club

| Club | Champions | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incheon Heungkuk Life Pink Spiders | 4 | 5 |
| Suwon Hyundai E&C | 3 | 3 |
| Hwaseong IBK Altos | 3 | 3 |
| GS Caltex Seoul KIXX | 3 | 2 |
| Daejeon KGC | 3 | 0 |
| Gimcheon Korea Expressway Corporation Hi-pass | 2 | 4 |
| Gwangju Pepper Bank | 0 | 0 |

## Postseason results

Legend * 1st – Champions
* 2nd – Runners–up
* PO – Playoff loser
* SPO – Semi–playoff loser
* – Did not qualify
* DNP – Did not participate

### Men

| Teams | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hyundai Capital | 2nd | **1st** | **1st** | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | PO | PO | PO | 2nd |  | 2nd | **1st** | 2nd | **1st** |  | PO | 2nd | SPO | 16 |
| Korean Air |  |  | PO | PO | PO | PO | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | PO |  | SPO | 2nd | **1st** | 2nd | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | 16 |
| Samsung Fire | **1st** | 2nd | 2nd | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | **1st** | 2nd | PO |  | PO |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |
| KB Insurance | PO | PO |  |  |  |  | SPO |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | SPO | 2nd |  |  | 5 |
| KEPCO |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | SPO |  |  | PO |  | PO |  |  |  | PO | PO |  | 5 |
| Woori Card | DNP | | | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PO | 2nd | SPO | SPO | SPO | 5 |
| OK Financial Group | DNP | | | | | | | | |  | **1st** | **1st** |  |  |  | PO |  |  | 2nd | 4 |
| *Sangmu* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNP | | | | | | | | | | | 0 |
|

### Women

| Teams | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | 2023 | 2024 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Heungkuk Life |  | **1st** | **1st** | 2nd | **1st** |  | 2nd |  |  |  |  | PO | 2nd |  | **1st** | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 11 |
| Hyundai E&C |  |  | 2nd |  |  | 2nd | **1st** | 2nd | PO |  | PO | **1st** |  | PO |  |  | PO | **1st** | 10 |
| Korea Expressway Corporation | 2nd | 2nd | PO |  |  |  | PO | PO |  |  | 2nd |  |  | **1st** | 2nd |  | **1st** |  | 9 |
| KGC | **1st** | PO |  | PO | PO | **1st** |  | **1st** |  | PO |  |  | PO |  |  |  |  | PO | 9 |
| IBK | DNP | | | | | | |  | **1st** | 2nd | **1st** | 2nd | **1st** | 2nd |  | PO |  |  | 7 |
| GS Caltex |  |  |  | **1st** | 2nd | PO |  |  | 2nd | **1st** |  |  |  |  | PO | **1st** |  |  | 7 |
| Gwangju Pepper Bank | DNP | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  |  |  | 0 |

## MVP by edition

### Regular round

### Final

## Title sponsors

| Season | Name |
| --- | --- |
| 2005–06 | KT&G |
| 2006–07 | Hyundai Hillstate |
| 2007–08 ~ 2016–17 | NH Nonghyup |
| 2017–18 ~ 2023–24 | Dodram |
| 2024–25 | TBA |

## InfoBox

V-League
| **Current season, competition or edition:**
*2023–24 V-League (South Korea)* | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Volleyball |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Founder | KOVO |
| First season | 2005 |
| No. of teams | 7 (men)
7 (women) |
| Country | South Korea |
| Most recent
champion(s) | **Men:**
Incheon Korean Air Jumbos (4th title)
**Women:**
Korea Expressway Corporation Hi-Pass (2nd title) |
| Most titles | **Men:**
Daejeon Samsung Fire Bluefangs (8 titles)
**Women:**
Incheon Heungkuk Life Pink Spiders (4 titles) |
| TV partner(s) | KBS 1TV, KBS 2TV, KBS N Sports, SBS Sports |
| Official website | KOVO |


title: The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)

abstract: The Speech: Race and Barack Obama's "A More Perfect Union" is a 2009 non-fiction book edited by T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, author of several books on race and director of Vanderbilt University's African American and Diaspora Studies, concerning the "A More Perfect Union" speech of then-Senator Barack Obama.

text:
# The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)

***The Speech: Race and Barack Obama's "A More Perfect Union"*** is a 2009 non-fiction book edited by T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, author of several books on race and director of Vanderbilt University's African American and Diaspora Studies, concerning the "A More Perfect Union" speech of then-Senator Barack Obama.

## The speech

The speech was delivered on March 18, 2008 in the course of the contest for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nomination. Speaking before an audience at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Obama was responding to a spike in the attention paid to controversial remarks made by the Reverend Jeremiah Wright, his former pastor and, until shortly before the speech, a participant in his campaign. Obama framed his response in terms of the broader issue of race in the United States. The speech's title was taken from the Preamble to the United States Constitution. Obama addressed the subjects of racial tensions, white privilege, and race and inequality in the United States, discussing black "anger," white "resentment," and other issues as he sought to explain and contextualize Wright's comments. His speech closed with a plea to move beyond America's "racial stalemate" and address shared social problems. On March 27, 2008, the Pew Research Center called the speech "arguably the biggest political event of the campaign so far," noting that 85 percent of Americans said they had heard at least a little about the speech and that 54 percent said they heard a lot about it. Eventually, *The New Yorker* opined that the speech helped elect Obama as the President of the United States. The speech itself was widely praised as eloquent and honest and concerned racial issues in the United States. Obama, of African-American ancestry, is the first non-white US President.

## Content

The book is a collection of original essays from "leading black thinkers" – journalists, scholars and public intellectuals – exploring literary, political, social and cultural issues of Obama's speech. In addition to the essays, the full text of the speech is included as well as a journalistic look at the issues of race in the 2008 Democratic primaries and general election. The book is titled *The Speech* because Sharply-Whiting's contact at the publisher kept referring to Obama's speech as "the speech, the speech" and prompted a book to be written on the subject. She was also inspired by the core components of institutionalized racism, structural inequalities and race relations in America that was sparked by the Jeremiah Wright controversy.

T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting and groups of the essayists were brought together on several occasions around the US with a few of them being recorded and one being aired on national cable television. In October 2009, *Book TV* (C-SPAN) aired a program of T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting and five of the essayists, filmed at Vanderbilt University in September 2009, reading excerpts and talking about the collection and their views on Obama's speech as well as the ideas of a post-racial America. The same month the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture at the New York Public Library presented a panel discussion of the book with several contributors.

## Contributors

Essays are from "contributors of diverse backgrounds and vocations" including;

* Associate Professor of African American and Diaspora Studies and author Omar H. Ali, "Obama and the Generational Challenge"
* ta-Nehisi Coates
* Michael Eric Dyson
* political commentator Keli Goff
* Biblical scholar and theologian Obery M. Hendricks Jr., "A More Perfect (High-Tech) Lynching."
* columnist Derrick Jackson, contributed three parts; "Wright Stuff Wrong Time", the build-up to the speech, the press pool reaction to the speech and the ways the speech took on its own life during the campaign.
* Glenn Loury
* author and playwright Adam Mansbach, "Toward a More Perfect Union?"
* journalist, author and cultural critic Joan Morgan, "Black Like Barack"
* Orlando Patterson
* novelist Alice Randall, "Barack in the Dirty, Dirty South."
* columnist Connie Schultz
* sociolinguist Geneva Smitherman
* professor, researcher and consultant Gilman Whiting
* sociologist William Julius Wilson

## Reception

The *Los Angeles Times* noted, "Overall, "The Speech," though somewhat uneven, is a rich landscape of opinion on the state of race and Obama's singular relationship to it." *Publishers Weekly* said the collection is "scholarly without being dry, the book offers a way forward from what has become a stalemate between a "color-blind" white America that sees racism as a problem solved in the 1960s and a nation of ethnic minorities that experiences daily its structural inequities." *Salon* called the book an "eye-opening collection of essays" although they also called it "a provocative, if uneven set of essays".

## Further reading

## InfoBox

The Speech: Race and Barack Obama's "A More Perfect Union"
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Political convictions, race relations |
| Publisher | Bloomsbury USA |
| Publication date | August 2009 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 288 |
| ISBN | 978-1-59691-667-8 |
| OCLC | 306806376 |
| Dewey Decimal | 973.932092 22 |
| LC Class | E184.A1 S698 2009 |


title: Talmadge L. Hill Field House

abstract: Talmadge L. Hill Field House is a 4,250-seat multi-purpose arena in Baltimore, Maryland. It was opened in 1974, replacing Hurt Gymnasium, and is named for former Morgan State Bears men's basketball coach Talmadge L. Hill. It is home to the Morgan State University Bears men's basketball and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball team. It hosted the MEAC men's basketball tournament in 1994 and 1995.

text:
# Talmadge L. Hill Field House

**Talmadge L. Hill Field House** is a 4,250-seat multi-purpose arena in Baltimore, Maryland. It was opened in 1974, replacing Hurt Gymnasium, and is named for former Morgan State Bears men's basketball coach Talmadge L. Hill. It is home to the Morgan State University Bears men's basketball and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball team. It hosted the MEAC men's basketball tournament in 1994 and 1995.

## InfoBox

Talmadge L. Hill Field House
| Hill Field House | |
| --- | --- |
| Field House Exterior, October 2007 | |
|  | |
| Address | 1700 East Cold Spring Lane |
| Location | Baltimore, MD |
| Coordinates | 39°20′33″N 76°35′6″W / 39.34250°N 76.58500°W / 39.34250; -76.58500 |
| Capacity | 4,250 |
| Surface | Hardwood |
| Opened | 1974 |
| Tenants | |
| Morgan State Bears men's basketball (1974-Present)
Morgan State Lady Bears basketball
Morgan State Bears Volleyball | |


title: The Shattering: America in the 1960s

abstract: The Shattering: America in the 1960s is a 2021 book by historian Kevin Boyle, published by W.W. Norton & Company. The book depicts American history throughout the 1960s. The book's title refers to a fragile but stable social fabric that was present in the United States in the 1950s, held together by racial segregation, an expanding military industrial complex and repression of sexual rights; a social order that would be shattered in the 1960s.

text:
# The Shattering: America in the 1960s

***The Shattering: America in the 1960s*** is a 2021 book by historian Kevin Boyle, published by W.W. Norton & Company. The book depicts American history throughout the 1960s.

The book's title refers to a fragile but stable social fabric that was present in the United States in the 1950s, held together by racial segregation, an expanding military industrial complex and repression of sexual rights; a social order that would be shattered in the 1960s.

## Narrative

The book depicts American history from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, focusing on three main themes; American foreign and domestic policies during the Cold War and the Vietnam War, the sexual revolution of the 1960s, and the civil rights movement. However, the book aims to depict these events from the novel perspective of Americans outside the majority of the white, baby boomers who ascended to the newly formed middle class during the 1950s and 1960s. In addition to depicting events from the 1960s involving well known figures such as John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr. and Richard Nixon, the book also includes narrative historical detail of relatively lesser known figures such as civil rights activists Bayard Rustin and Ella Baker, Elizabeth Eckford (one of the Little Rock Nine) and women's reproductive rights advocate Estelle Griswold. The book also details the experiences of non-historical figures during the 1960s such as the father of a student killed during the Kent State shooting and an American serviceman during the Vietnam War. The book also details the rise of the modern day American Conservative movement.

## Reception

The book was generally well received by critics. Writing in *The New York Times*, critic Jennifer Szalai commended Boyle for re-examining events of the 1960s in a new lens, in light of new and emerging historical scholarship regarding the decade. Writing for the *Washington Post*, historian Lily Geismer states: "What distinguishes “The Shattering” is not only the way it deepens the portrait of the past, but also how it foreshadows the politics of the future". Geismer also praised Boyle for his ability to transform more technical historical scholarship or analysis into "artful and empathetic storytelling". Writing for the *Los Angeles Times*, literary critic Andrew Lewis, also had a positive response to the literary approach that Boyle had used in the book; favorably rating Boyle's narrative style that made the historical material more accessible to everyday people, in addition to academics.

## InfoBox

The Shattering: America in the 1960s
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Kevin Boyle |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | W.W. Norton & Company |
| Publication date | 2021 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Pages | 496 |
| ISBN | 978-1-324-03611-1 |