title: Walt Maciborski

abstract: Walt Maciborski is a television news anchor. He currently anchors the weekday 5 p.m., 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. newscasts at KEYE-TV in Austin, Texas. Previously, Walt worked as an anchor at WXIN-TV, FOX 59 in Indianapolis. Before that, Walt worked as WFTS-TV beginning in October 2005. Walt also was an assistant producer at ABC News in Los Angeles, London, and Washington D.C. He also worked at many local news stations in Medford, Oregon, Austin, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia (WXIA). Walt also goes by Woot Mac.

text:
# Walt Maciborski

**Walt Maciborski** is a television news anchor. He currently anchors the weekday 5 p.m., 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. newscasts at KEYE-TV in Austin, Texas. Previously, Walt worked as an anchor at WXIN-TV, FOX 59 in Indianapolis. Before that, Walt worked as WFTS-TV beginning in October 2005. Walt also was an assistant producer at ABC News in Los Angeles, London, and Washington D.C. He also worked at many local news stations in Medford, Oregon, Austin, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia (WXIA). Walt (whose last name is pronounced MAC-eh-bor-skee) also goes by Woot Mac.


title: Mario Brlečić

abstract: Mario Brlečić is a Croatian football midfielder, currently playing for NK Gaj Mače.

text:
# Mario Brlečić

**Mario Brlečić** (born 10 January 1989) is a Croatian football midfielder, currently playing for NK Gaj Mače.

## Club career

He came up through the youth academy of NK Varteks, making his professional debut with their senior club in 2008; the club changed its name to NK Varaždin in 2010. He returned to the city of Varaždin in 2018, playing for a new NK Varaždin, unassociated with his original club, which folded in 2015. In 2015 he played 9 games for Icelandic top-tier club ÍB Vestmannaeyjar.

## InfoBox

Mario Brlečić
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mario Brlečić | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-01-10) 10 January 1989 | | |
| Place of birth | Zagreb, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | NK Gaj Mače | | |
| Number | 4 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1999–2001 | Mladost Marija Bistrica | | |
| 2001–2003 | Croatia Sesvete | | |
| 2003–2008 | Varteks | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008–2011 | Varteks Varaždin | 22 | (2) |
| 2008–2009 | → Sloboda Varaždin (loan) |  |  |
| 2009 | Segesta (loan) | 8 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | → Sloboda Varaždin (loan) |  |  |
| 2011–2012 | Inter Zaprešić | 3 | (0) |
| 2012 | Zelina | 14 | (4) |
| 2012–2013 | RNK Split | 2 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | Zavrč | 21 | (1) |
| 2014 | Concordia Chiajna | 7 | (0) |
| 2015 | Travnik | 11 | (0) |
| 2015 | ÍBV | 9 | (0) |
| 2016 | Celje | 8 | (0) |
| 2016–2018 | Inter Zaprešić | 24 | (1) |
| 2018–2019 | Varaždin (*2012*) | 16 | (1) |
| 2019– | NK Gaj Mače |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2007 | Croatia U18 | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 18 May 2019 | | | |


title: Niechłód

abstract: Niechłód is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Święciechowa, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Święciechowa, 12 km (7 mi) west of Leszno, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Niechłód

**Niechłód** \[ˈɲɛxwut\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Święciechowa, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Święciechowa, 12 km (7 mi) west of Leszno, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Niechłód | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Niechłód | |
| Coordinates: 51°51′N 16°24′E / 51.850°N 16.400°E / 51.850; 16.400 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Leszno |
| Gmina | Święciechowa |


title: No. 1455 Flight RAF

abstract: No. 1455 (Fighter) Flight was formed at RAF Tangmere, West Sussex on 7 July 1941, equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft. On operations they co-operated with the Hawker Hurricanes of 1 Squadron and 3 Squadron. The flight was replaced with 534 Squadron on 2 September 1942. 534 Sqn, which had taken over men and machines, carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943, when Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar, thought to be superfluous.

text:
# No. 1455 Flight RAF

**No. 1455 (Fighter) Flight** was formed at RAF Tangmere, West Sussex on 7 July 1941, equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft. On operations they co-operated with the Hawker Hurricanes of 1 Squadron and 3 Squadron. The flight was replaced with 534 Squadron on 2 September 1942.

534 Sqn, which had taken over men and machines, carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943, when Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar, thought to be superfluous.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 1455 Flight RAF, data from
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 July 1941 | 2 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.I (Turbinlite) |
| 7 July 1941 | 2 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.I |
| 7 July 1941 | 2 September 1942 | Douglas Havoc | Mk.II (Turbinlite) |
| 7 July 1941 | 2 September 1942 | Douglas Boston | Mk.II (Turbinlite) |
| 7 July 1941 | 2 September 1942 | Douglas Boston | Mk.III (Turbinlite) |

## Flight bases

Bases and airfields used by no. 1455 Flight RAF, data from
| From | To | Base |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7 July 1941 | 2 September 1942 | RAF Tangmere, West Sussex |

## Commanding officers

Officers commanding no. 1455 Flight RAF, data from
| From | To | Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7 July 1941 | January 1942 | S/Ldr. J. Latimer, DFC |
| January 1942 | 2 September 1942 | S/Ldr. G.O. Budd, DFC |

Notes Bibliography  * Delve, Ken. *The Source Book of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
* Halley, James J. *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918-1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second edition 2001). ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Lake, Alan. *Flying Units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
* Rawlings, John D.R. *Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald & Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1969 (2nd edition 1976, reprinted 1978). ISBN 0-354-01028-X.
* Sturtivant, Ray, ISO and John Hamlin. *RAF Flying Training And Support Units since 1912*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2007. ISBN 0-85130-365-X.

## InfoBox

| No. 1455 Flight RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Turbinlite Havoc | |
| Active | 7 Jul 1941 – 2 Sep 1942 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Night Fighter (Turbinlite) |
| Part of | No. 11 Group RAF, Fighter Command |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | No known badge |
| Squadron Codes | No known identification code for the flight is known to have been carried |


title: The Return to Form Black Magick Party

abstract: The Return To Form Black Magick Party is the first full-length album by the musician Pop Levi, released on February 2, 2007.

text:
# The Return to Form Black Magick Party

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Pitchfork Media* | 8.0/10 link |

***The Return To Form Black Magick Party*** is the first full-length album by the musician Pop Levi (former Super Numeri member, Ladytron bass guitarist and remixer), released on February 2, 2007.

## Track listing

1. "Sugar Assault Me Now" - 3:00
2. "Blue Honey" - 4:03
3. "(A Style Called) Cryin' Chic" - 4:56
4. "Pick Me Up Uppercut" - 3:26
5. "Skip Ghetto" - 5:21
6. "Dollar Bill Rock" - 4:54
7. "Flirting" - 4:10
8. "Mournin' Light" - 3:32
9. "See My Lord" - 2:24
10. "Hades' Lady" - 4:25
11. "From The Day That You Were Born" - 3:46

## Singles

## InfoBox

| The Return To Form Black Magick Party | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pop Levi | |
| Released | February 2, 2007 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | Glam rock |
| Length | 44:01 |
| Label | Counter Records |
| Producer | Pop Levi |
| Pop Levi chronology | |
| ***The Return To Form Black Magick Party***
(2007) *Never Never Love*
(2008) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Return To Form Black Magick Party* | |
| 1. "Blue Honey"
Released: September 2006 2. "Sugar Assault Me Now"
Released: January 2007 3. "Pick Me Up Uppercut"
Released: April 2007 | |
|  | |


title: Godów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

abstract: Godów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Pawłów, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Starachowice, and 41 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Godów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

**Godów** \[ˈɡɔduf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Pawłów, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Starachowice, and 41 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Godów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Godów | |
| Coordinates: 50°57′56″N 21°10′39″E / 50.96556°N 21.17750°E / 50.96556; 21.17750 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Starachowice |
| Gmina | Pawłów |
| Population | 510 |


title: Tomopterus exilis

abstract: Tomopterus exilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak and Linsley in 1979.

text:
# Tomopterus exilis

***Tomopterus exilis***  is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak and Linsley in 1979.

## InfoBox

| *Tomopterus exilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Tomopterus*** |
| Species: | ***T. exilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tomopterus exilis***<br>Chemsak & Linsley, 1979 | |
|


title: Eugene DeVerdi

abstract: Vincenzo Pelliccione, aka Eugene DeVerdi was the historic and famous Charlie Chaplin Official double.

text:
# Eugene DeVerdi

**Vincenzo Pelliccione**, aka Eugene DeVerdi (Rosciolo dei Marsi, Italy June 21, 1893 - Rome June 20, 1978) was the historic and famous Charlie Chaplin Official double.

## Career

In 1915 he emigrated to the US; in 1929 he went to Hollywood, where he worked as painter and poet; after that, he worked in theatre with Mae West and on the sets of Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin.

He took part in the film *It Happened in Hollywood* (1937) along with the other officers of famous actors stunt historical. Vincenzo Pelliccione was known inventor of lights and machines for special effects for Hollywood movies (Los Angeles USA) and Cinecittà and Dino De Laurentiis's Studios (Rome, ITALY) making a significant contribution to remain memorable films including Teresa (film 1951), Twenty Thousand leagues under the sea (1954) for which the Disney won the 1955 Oscar for Best Special effects, Ben Hur (1959), Cleopatra (1963). From 1968 to 1978 he collaborated with his nephew, the artist Enzo Carnebianca, and worked in Cinecittà studios and in the Studios of Dino De Laurentiis. It rests in the cemetery Rosciolo dei Marsi.

## Book

* *The Film of Fay Wray* of Roy Kinnard and Tony Crnkovich, page 152

## InfoBox

| Eugene DeVerdi | |
| --- | --- |
| Photo of Vincenzo Pelliccione with a
dedication to his niece Mrs. Clelia
Pelliccione Carnebianca | |
| Born | (1893-06-21)21 June 1893
Magliano de' Marsi, Abruzzo, Italy |
| Died | 20 June 1978(1978-06-20) (aged 84)
Rome, Lazio, Italy |


title: Lashup Radar Network

abstract: The Lashup Radar Network was a United States Cold War radar netting system for air defense surveillance which followed the post-World War II "five-station radar net" and preceded the "high Priority Permanent System". ROTOR was a similar expedient system in the United Kingdom.

text:
# Lashup Radar Network

The **Lashup Radar Network** was a United States Cold War radar netting system for air defense surveillance which followed the post-World War II "five-station radar net" and preceded the "high Priority Permanent System". ROTOR was a similar expedient system in the United Kingdom.

## Background

United States electronic attack warning began with a 1939 networking demonstration at Twin Lights station NJ, and 2 SCR-270 radar stations during the August 1940 "Watertown maneuvers" (NY). When "Pearl Harbor was attacked, \[there were 8 CONUS\] early-warning stations" (ME, NJ, & 6 in CA), and Oahu's Opana Mobile Radar Station had 1 of 6 SCR-270s. CONUS "Army Radar Station" deployments for World War II were primarily for coastal anti-aircraft defense, e.g., L-1 at Oceanside CA, J-23 at Seaside OR (Tillamook Head), and B-30 at Lompoc CA; and "the AAF...inactivated the aircraft warning network in April 1944." In 1946 the Distant Early Warning Line was "first conceived—and rejected". By 1948 there were only 5 AC&W stations, e.g., Twin Lights in June and Montauk's "Air Warning Station #3 on July 5 (cf. SAC radar stations, e.g., at Dallas & Denver Bomb Plots).

### Radar Fence

The **Radar Fence** was a planned U.S. Cold War air defense "warning and control system" for $600 million (including $388 million for radars and other equipment) proposed in a report by Maj. Gen. Francis L. "Ankenbrandt and his communications officers" and which was approved by the USAF Chief of Staff on November 21, 1947. The "Radar Fence Plan (code named Project SUPREMACY)" was to be complete by 1953 with 411 radar stations and 18 control centers in the continental United States. Air Defense Command (ADC) rejected Supremacy since "no provision was made in it for the Alaska to Greenland net with flanks guarded by aircraft and picket ships \[required\] for 3 to 6 hours of warning time", and "Congress failed to act on legislation required to support the proposed system." In the spring and summer of 1947, 3 ADC Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&W) plans had gone unfunded.

## Lashup planning

In November 1947 ADC "decided to go ahead with implementation \[using\] AC&W assets…ADC possessed." The January 1, 1948, Finletter Commission report "while recognizing the need for a radar early-warning system, cautioned against the extraordinary expense of such a system, if constructed, to provide total coverage." The ADC commander "was ordered on 23 April 1948 to establish with his current resources \[the initial networks with\] AC&W systems in the Northwestern United States, the Northeastern United States, and the Albuquerque, New Mexico, areas, in that priority." The "first air defense division organization", the 25th Air Division, was established October 25, 1948, "at Silver Lake (Everett), Washington", the 26th Air Division was activated at Mitchell Field NY on November 16, and both were transferred to ADC on April 1, 1949.

## Lashup deployment

"**Lashup I**" was a stopgap $561,000 program approved in October 1948 by the ADC commander to expand "the five-station radar net then in existence". Preliminary work began by the end of 1948, and L-1 at Dow Air Force Base was complete in June 1949. In the fall of 1949 a 2nd stage of "additional Lashup stations and heavy radar equipment \[was\] authorized", and after completed in April 1950 the "Lashup net went into operation" on June 1, 1950. After a mid-July direct telephone line was installed between CONAC headquarters and the 26th Air Division HQ ("the beginning of the Air Force air raid warning system"); in August "President Truman had a direct telephone line installed between the Air Force Pentagon post and the White House."

### Sites in the network

The 44 Lashup radar stations in April 1950 were 23 in the Northeast/Great Lakes areas, 10 in the Pacific Northwest, 5 in/near Southern California, 3 at Albuquerque, 2 at San Francisco, and 1 in Tennessee (Alaska radars were in a separate network.) Stations were geographically grouped by Air Divisions which each had a ground-controlled intercept (GCI) center (e.g., Roslyn Air Warning Station's Manual Control Center in New York).

Palermo Air Force Station
Portland Air National Guard Base
Fort Meade radar station
Highlands Air Force Station
Selfridge AFB radar station
Snelling Air Force Station
Fort Williams
Cape Charles Air Force Station

### Lashup equipment

Lashup used improved systems that included the Western Electric AN/TPS-1B Radar, which was first used in 1948 (a -1B was at Portland L-33 in March 1948 for warning the nuclear Hanford Site.) L-17 began using a 1949 Bendix AN/CPS-5 radar, to which a height finder MIT AN/CPS-4 Radar was added by March 9, 1950. Also developed was the General Electric AN/CPS-6 Radar which was at L-12 in 1949. The Bendix AN/FPS-3 Radar used in the Lashup network was ready for installation in late 1950.

## Replacement planning

The **Interim Program** and its **First Augmentation** were planned to replace Lashup with a larger radar network "until the Supremacy plan network could be approved and constructed", and an $85,500,000 March 1949 Congressional bill funded both the Interim Program "for 61 basic radars and 10 control centers to be deployed in 26 months, with an additional ten radars and one control station for Alaska" and the augmentation's additional 15 radars ("essentially Phase II of Supremacy"). The USAF reallocated $50 million to instead implement the program as a "permanent Modified Plan" (modified from Supremacy) to "start construction on the high Priority Permanent System of radars in February 1950 with the first 24 radar sites to be constructed by the end of 1950"—operating in 1951 were P-1 in WA (opened June 1, 1950) and TM-187 in TX.

Early June 1950 exercises "in the 58th Air Division \[tbd Lashup sites\] indicated insufficient low-altitude coverage," and Maj Gen Morris R. Nelson identified on June 12 that ADC could employ "an American version of CDS", the British command and control system. Congress subsequently passed a "supplemental appropriation" in September 1950 of nearly $40 million for new radar stations and search/height-finder equipment." By November 1950, Ground Observation Corps filter centers (7 in the west, 19 in the east) were being installed, and by November 10 a separate Air Defense Command headquarters at Ent AFB was approved (the Federal Civil Defense Administration was created in December 1950.) On June 13, 1951, the government released $20 million for construction of permanent radar stations, and the "original construction program for the Permanent System" was completed in May 1952.

## Lashup phaseout

Phaseout of Lashup radar stations began in January 1952 at Larson AFB (L-29) & Richland (L-30) in Washington that were replaced by Othello AFS (P-40). On December 1, 1953, a few Lashup stations became part of the subsequent "75-station, permanent net", e.g., the Montauk USAF facility was named an Air Force Station when designated LP-45 (the Palermo AFS L-14 reportedly became permanent site LP-54 in 1951.) One station of the Lashup Radar Network remained in 1957 at the end of which ADC operated 182 radar stations (cf. 135 SAGE CDTS sites in 1963, 66 "long-range radars" in 1981, and 41 JSS stations in 1985).


title: Emma Cotton

abstract: Emma Cotton was an evangelist and preacher born of Creole descent in the U.S. state of Louisiana. She first appeared in history in 1906 during the Azusa Street Revival. She was the founder of the Azusa Temple as well as other Pentecostal churches across the United States. Cotton's preaching and involvement in the Pentecostal circuit, as well as her friendship with famous evangelist, Aimee Semple McPherson, paved the way for women in church leadership in the 1900s.

text:
# Emma Cotton

**Emma Cotton** (1877  December 27, 1952) was an evangelist and preacher born of Creole descent in the U.S. state of Louisiana. She first appeared in history in 1906 during the Azusa Street Revival. She was the founder of the Azusa Temple as well as other Pentecostal churches across the United States. Cotton's preaching and involvement in the Pentecostal circuit, as well as her friendship with famous evangelist, Aimee Semple McPherson, paved the way for women in church leadership in the 1900s.

## Life in Pentecostalism

### Azusa Street Revival

Cotton was inspired by "the great awakening of the Spirit." At the revival, she stated she was healed of weak lungs and cancer that was found in her nose. After her conversion, Cotton frequently referred to herself as "a walking drug store" while many others called her "Sister Cotton". She soon met her husband, Henry C. Cotton, who worked as a railway cook on a run between Los Angeles and San Antonio While Henry was away on work, Cotton was available to participate in evangelistic work around California. Cotton and her husband returned to Louisiana for a period before she was appointed Assistant State Mother of California for her church by Lizzie Robinson. Returning to California, Sister Cotton held a variety of church services all across the state. She held divine healing services at the Pentecostal Assembly in San Jose in 1916 followed by the establishment of multiple Pentecostal churches in Bakersfield, Fresno, and Oakland.

### Azusa Temple

By 1920, Cotton had stepped down from her role as Church Mother to become a full-time pastor for her own church, the Azusa Temple, in Los Angeles. Together, Emma and Henry co-pastored the church through the Church of God in Christ (COGIC) but remained independent as a church due to COGIC's decision to not ordain women. Today, the church is known as Crouch Memorial Church, named after one of Cotton's proteges, Samuel Crouch. To this day the church is an active congregation affiliated with COGIC.

## Friendship with Aimee Semple McPherson

During the 1930s, Cotton become close friends with Aimee Semple McPherson while holding many Pentecostal church services together. McPherson was frequently known to only allow a small number of women to preach at her church, the Angelus Temple. In 1936, Mother Cotton asked McPherson to host a 30th anniversary party to commemorate the Azusa Street beginnings. It was described in fliers as "a great getting together that we might be renewed in the old-time Spirit and power." Cotton was asked to speak at the gathering in order to address the crowds at the Angelus Temple. It was there that she encouraged the temple towards unity and warned against sectarian interests that were starting to rise. This gathering was considered a great success and eventually turned into a six-month event in which Cotton and her husband preached to their followers.

## Legacy

By April 1939, Cotton had edited and published a paper called "The Inside Story of the Outpouring of the Holy Spirit - Azusa Street - April 1906." Its only appearance was in a volume of *Message of the Apostolic Faith,* a newsletter written by Cotton that was meant to be the beginning of a regular series. This included detailed accounts of her eyewitness accounts of events surrounding the Azusa Street Revival as well as an emphasis on the role of women in the church. While many accounts focus on the prominence of men in leadership, Cotton wrote about the importance of Lucy Farrow and Julia Hutchins in the success of the revival.

Cotton is also credited with songwriting credits including a gospel favorite, "John Saw That Number." Some historians also credit her with authorship of the famous, "When the Saints Go Marching In," although that has never been fully corroborated.

Cotton's bout of cancer returned in 1950 after nearly half a century of reprieve. She died on December 27, 1952, followed by Henry in 1959. They are both buried in Lincoln Memorial Park in Compton, California.


title: Stade du Hainaut

abstract: The Stade du Hainaut is a multi-use stadium in Valenciennes, France. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Valenciennes FC. It has replaced the Stade Nungesser as VAFC's home stadium. The stadium has a capacity of 25,172 spectators for football matches, but its capacity can be extended to 35,000 for concerts. The stadium is one of the venues for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. It hosted 4 group games, a Round of 16 match, and a quarter-final match. The stadium was constructed at a total cost of 75 million euros. It contains 2,600 club seats and 16 luxury boxes. It has two giant video screens, each 48 square meters in size. Its roof contains 1,800 tons of steel.

text:
# Stade du Hainaut

The **Stade du Hainaut** is a multi-use stadium in Valenciennes, France. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Valenciennes FC. It has replaced the Stade Nungesser as VAFC's home stadium. The stadium has a capacity of 25,172 spectators for football matches, but its capacity can be extended to 35,000 for concerts. The stadium is one of the venues for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. It hosted 4 group games, a Round of 16 match, and a quarter-final match.

The stadium was constructed at a total cost of 75 million euros. It contains 2,600 club seats and 16 luxury boxes. It has two giant video screens, each 48 square meters in size. Its roof contains 1,800 tons of steel.

## Grand opening

The stadium's grand opening occurred on the evening of 26 July 2011, for a friendly football match between Valenciennes FC and Borussia Dortmund. The visitors prevailed 1–0 before a club-record crowd of 22,778.

## Competitions

The stadium hosted the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

| Date | Time (CEST) | Team #1 | Res. | Team #2 | Round | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 June 2019 | 13:00 | Australia | 1–2 | Italy | Group C | 15,380 |
| 12 June 2019 | 18:00 | Germany | 1–0 | Spain | Group B | 20,761 |
| 15 June 2019 | 15:00 | Netherlands | 3–1 | Cameroon | Group E | 22,423 |
| 18 June 2019 | 21:00 | Italy | 0–1 | Brazil | Group C | 21,669 |
| 23 June 2019 | 17:30 | England | 3–0 | Cameroon | Round of 16 | 20,148 |
| 29 June 2019 | 15:00 | Italy | 0–2 | Netherlands | Quarter-finals | 22,600 |

50°20′54.2″N 3°31′53.8″E / 50.348389°N 3.531611°E / 50.348389; 3.531611

## InfoBox

Stade du Hainaut
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Quartier Nungesser
Valenciennes |
| Owner | Valenciennes Métropole |
| Operator | Valenciennes Métropole |
| Capacity | Football: 25,172
Concerts: 35,000 |
| Surface | AirFibr (hybrid grass) |
| Construction | |
| Built | 6 May 2008 |
| Opened | 26 July 2011 |
| Construction cost | 75 million |
| Architect | Michel Macary and Aymeric Zublena |
| Tenants | |
| Valenciennes FC (2011–present) | |


title: Fleet in being

abstract: In naval warfare, a "fleet in being" is a naval force that extends a controlling influence without ever leaving port. Were the fleet to leave port and face the enemy, it might lose in battle and no longer influence the enemy's actions, but while it remains safely in port, the enemy is forced to continually deploy forces to guard against it. A "fleet in being" can be part of a sea denial doctrine, but not one of sea control.

text:
# Fleet in being

In naval warfare, a "**fleet in being**" is a naval force that extends a controlling influence without ever leaving port. Were the fleet to leave port and face the enemy, it might lose in battle and no longer influence the enemy's actions, but while it remains safely in port, the enemy is forced to continually deploy forces to guard against it. A "fleet in being" can be part of a sea denial doctrine, but not one of sea control.

## Use of the term

The term was first used in 1690 when Lord Torrington, commander of the Royal Navy forces in the English Channel, found himself facing a stronger French fleet. He proposed avoiding a sea battle, except under very favourable conditions, until he could be reinforced. By thus keeping his "fleet in being", he could maintain an active threat which would force the enemy to remain in the area and prevent them from taking the initiative elsewhere.

### Secondary use

Rudyard Kipling published a series of articles about the British Channel Fleet under the title *A Fleet in Being: Notes of Three Trips with the Channel Squadron* in 1898, but did not use the term in the sense described here.

## Concept

The "fleet in being" concept is based on the assumption that the fleet is relatively safe in port, even if near the enemy. While this is not necessarily true in the modern era, for much of human history a fleet that was at harbor was much less exposed to attack and to other hazards such as storms. This made it difficult, or even impossible, for an enemy to damage the fleet without taking disproportionate losses.

The enemy cannot simply ignore the fleet in being because it always has the option to sortie and attack wherever there are favourable terms. However, the blockading force has to be significant enough that the fleet in being cannot realistically attack it themselves. This creates a stalemate that favours the defender because the attacker always must deploy a superior force to counter them, and those units are unable to perform any other duties.

After the Battle of Taranto and the attack on Pearl Harbor, however, it became obvious that air power made a fleet concentrated in a port vulnerable, and a fleet in being became too risky to be practical. A port is a known location for an enemy to focus attacks on and a handful of aircraft or submarines can damage or sink multiple warships, even in the presence of advanced defenses. As a result, it is preferable for modern fleets to be at sea where their position is not fully known, which provides a degree of protection.

This has not made a fleet in being completely irrelevant because there are situations where an enemy is unwilling or unable to attack the fleet in harbour, such as for political reasons.

An example of this is during the Falklands Conflict. After looking at the alternatives, "The strategy that was accepted for the Argentine Navy \[in the 1982 Falklands War\] was one of a 'fleet in being' concept ... The fleet would not conduct a direct attack; they would only attack when the odds were in their favor. Otherwise, they would remain outside any declared British exclusion zones and wait for a target of opportunity." The Argentines were not able to make any positive use of their "fleet in being", because the sinking of the ARA *General Belgrano* by HMS *Conqueror* showed that the World War II-era cruisers and other assets of the Argentine Navy were vulnerable to attack from contemporary submarines.

The idea of a "fleet in being" can be generalised to forces other than naval. A fortress under siege is essentially an "army in being", which ties up enemy forces without taking the risk of fighting a battle.

While less developed there are a few similar cases for air forces. During the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein used his air force with an operational doctrine analogous to "fleet in being". The mere presence of the Iraqi Air Force in hardened bunkers forced the coalition attacking Iraq to act cautiously and to escort its bomber sorties, until the aircraft shelters were found to be vulnerable.

In all cases the principle is the same. As long as a smaller force exists and has the choice to engage or not, the larger force is only able to conduct operations in sufficient strength to destroy the complete smaller force. This limits the enemy options significantly, and may even deny actions entirely. The closer that the smaller force is to the larger in strength, the more significant the effect will be.

## History

### Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905

The first modern example was the stand-off between the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) at Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. Russia possessed three battle-fleets: one in the Baltic Sea, the second in the Black Sea, and the third in the Far East. The Pacific squadron in the Far East was stationed at Vladivostok and Port Arthur. With the latter being closer to the land war, Port Arthur became strategically more important.

The IJN possessed only one battle-fleet to the Russian Navy's three; therefore it was imperative that the IJN not have to fight all three of them simultaneously. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of 1902 effectively eliminated the Black Sea fleet by keeping it blocked in the Black Sea, lest they risk war with Britain. However, the Baltic Fleet (later renamed the 2nd Pacific Squadron) had orders to reinforce the Port Arthur squadron sometime in 1905. It would be the IJN's mission to preempt that move.

Only after Port Arthur's "fleet in being" was eliminated could the Baltic Fleet and Japanese fleet square off; and this would happen the following year, during the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905.

In order to permanently eliminate Port Arthur's battle-squadron, the IJN initiated three operations. The first was a surprise destroyer torpedo attack inside the harbor in early February 1904. This was quickly followed up with an attempt to block the harbor's entrance by sinking old steam ships (block ships) in the channel. The third and final attempt of permanently bottling up the fleet was the mining of the waters surrounding the harbor's entrance. Although this last attempt also failed, it had the unintended consequence of robbing the Russian Navy of one of its most brilliant naval officers, Admiral Stepan Makarov. When his flagship, the battleship *Petropavlovsk*, struck one of those mines she sank almost immediately, drowning Makarov with the crew.

The "fleet in being" remained so, until under the new command of Admiral Vilgelm Vitgeft, the Port Arthur squadron was ordered to break out and steam for Vladivostok on 10 August 1904. Vitgeft's exit from Port Arthur resulted in the Battle of the Yellow Sea, an excessively long-ranged gun duel that resulted in no capital warships being sunk on either side, but finally eliminated Port Arthur's "fleet in being", as its warships became dispersed to neutral ports (where they were interned), and the survivors were so heavily damaged that they were no longer serviceable.

### World War I

A later example is the stand-off between the German High Seas Fleet and the British Grand Fleet during World War I. Germany largely preferred to keep its fleet intact rather than taking the risk of losing a major engagement with the larger Royal Navy, particularly after the Battle of Jutland.

### World War II

In World War II, actions of the Italian *Regia Marina* in 1940 also demonstrate the idea of a "fleet in being". After a number of minor battles against the Royal Navy that were mostly inconclusive, the bulk of Italian fleet was left in Taranto from where it could sortie very quickly against any British attempt to reach Malta, exerting a "disproportionate influence on British strategy and fleet disposition". Even after the great tactical success of the British aircraft carrier attack on Taranto in November 1940, the British failure to deliver a decisive blow to the Italian fleet resulted in the Royal Navy tying up substantial naval forces in the Mediterranean for the next three years.

Even more so than other surface vessels in Nazi Germany's *Kriegsmarine* (navy), the German battleship *Tirpitz* served her entire career as a "fleet in being" in her own right. Although remarkably she never fired a shot at an enemy ship, her mere presence in the Norwegian fiords forced the Royal Navy and their allies to allocate powerful warships in defending Arctic convoys, and caused a major convoy (PQ 17) to scatter, suffering huge losses, mainly to U-boats and aircraft. A 1943 midget submarine attack and successive airstrikes launched by the RAF and the Fleet Air Arm removed the threat by November 1944, when the *Tirpitz* was sunk at Tromsø by Lancaster bombers.

## General and cited references

## Further reading

* Virilio, Paul (1986) \[1977\]. *Speed and Politics: An Essay on Dromology*. New York: Semiotext(e).


title: Homaloxestis luzonensis

abstract: Homaloxestis luzonensis is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park and Bong-Kyu Byun in 2007. It is found on Luzon in the Philippines. The wingspan is 17–18 mm.

text:
# Homaloxestis luzonensis

***Homaloxestis luzonensis*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park and Bong-Kyu Byun in 2007. It is found on Luzon in the Philippines.

The wingspan is 17–18 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Homaloxestis luzonensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Homaloxestis* |
| Species: | ***H. luzonensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Homaloxestis luzonensis***<br>Park & B. K. Byun, 2007 | |
|


title: Flor Alba Núñez Vargas

abstract: Flor Alba Núñez Vargas, a Colombian journalist with La Preferida Estero radio station and several TV stations, was murdered in Pitalito, Huila Department, Colombia, where she received death threats before her murder.

text:
# Flor Alba Núñez Vargas

**Flor Alba Núñez Vargas** (ca. 1990  10 September 2015), a Colombian journalist with La Preferida Estero radio station and several TV stations, was murdered in Pitalito, Huila Department, Colombia, where she received death threats before her murder.

## Career

Núñez was well-known as local radio host for her daily news program "Red Noticias" with La Perferida Estero station in Pitalito.

She also worked for the local Pitalito Channel 6, Nación TV out of Neiva and La Nación newspaper. She had received death threats throughout her career, and one of the most notable was in 2015 after she reported on an animal abuse incident. Before her murder, she had posted several controversial reports on her social media accounts including comments from a Catholic bishop on corruption and images of a local gang.

## Death

BogotáPitalitoclass=notpageimage|Pitalito is in Colombia and shown here relative to the capital city of Bogotá.

Flor Alba Núñez Vargas was murdered around noon on 10 September 2015. She was shot in the back of the head while unlocking the door to the radio station she worked at in Pitalito, Colombia. The murder was caught by a surveillance camera.

The government offered a reward for information regarding the murder. The reward offered was 55 million peso, which is equivalent to about $18,000.

The gunman was identified as Juan Camilo Ortiz, who was arrested on 26 September 2015, in Palmiros. Ortiz was already a known criminal with a history of trouble before the murder of Núñez. He had been accused of attempted murder before, and he previously served over two years in prison for illegally possessing firearms. He was found guilty on 11 August 2017, and received the sentence of 47 years and 6 months. Jaumeth Albeiro Flórez (a.k.a. Chory) was identified as the motorcycle driver.

## Context

Núñez was known for her reporting about arrests and drug traffickers. She received threats over some of her coverage, although she never officially reported any threats.

According to Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa, there are three main speculations as to why Núñez was murdered. The first speculation involves coverage over a recent gang robbery. Núñez received death threats for this coverage. The second possible reason for the murder revolves around her local election coverage, which also produced threats. The third reason involves pictures and an interview of men who hanged a dog after it attacked them.

## Impact

In 2015, the Foundation for Press Freedom reported an increase in attacks numbering 150, which amounted to the largest number of attacks in 6 years, and over 70 journalists experienced threats.

According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, Flor Alba Núñez Vargas was the third journalist, along with Luis Carlos Peralta Cuellar and Edgar Quintero, all killed in Colombia in 2015.

## Reactions

Irina Bokova, director-general of UNESCO, said, “I condemn the killing of Flor Alba Núñez Vargas. A free press and a free society go hand in hand, attacks on the one weaken the other, so I urge the authorities to do everything to investigate this crime and bring those responsible for it to justice.”

There had been many previous murders of unprotected journalists who reported about corruption, violence, and drugs. In Colombia, in 2015, after the murder of Núñez Vargas, there had been 84 filed violations of press freedom with 126 victims. These high numbers made officials call out for and urge the safety of journalists unlike they have previously. Flor Alba Nunez Vargas's death was tragic, but it serves as another step towards protecting journalists in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| Flor Alba Nunez Vargas | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | ca. 1990
Colombia |
| Died | 10 September 2015
Pitalito, Huila, Colombia |
| Cause of death | Gun shot to the head |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Employer | La Perferida FM |
| Known for | Journalism and for her reports on crime and drug trafficking |
| Title | Broadcast radio & TV journalist |


abstract: University Hall is the seat of the University of Illinois Chicago administration. Located at 601 S. Morgan Street, it is 338 feet tall, making it the tallest building on Chicago's West Side. An unusual feature of its design is that instead of setbacks, it actually widens in two stages, so that it is twenty feet wider at the top floor than at its base.

text:
# University Hall (University of Illinois Chicago)

**University Hall** is the seat of the University of Illinois Chicago administration. Located at 601 S. Morgan Street, it is 338 feet (103 m) tall, making it the tallest building on Chicago's West Side. An unusual feature of its design is that instead of setbacks, it actually widens in two stages, so that it is twenty feet (6 m) wider at the top floor than at its base.

## History

University Hall was designed in the Brutalist style, along with much of the rest of the east campus (formerly "Circle Campus"), by Walter Netsch of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The offices of the university chancellor are located on the top floor.

The first two floors are occupied by the Port Center Cafe, a popular studying spot for students; the south portion of the 2nd floor can be seen near the end of the 2006 film, *Stranger than Fiction*. The remainder of the floors are used as offices for the university chancellor, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, certain LAS departments and professors, and the College of Business Administration.

University Hall, or UH as it is popularly referred to, can be seen from miles away and is helpful for new students finding their way around campus.

## Peregrine falcons

Since 1998, a pair of peregrine falcons have nested on a 28th floor ledge of University Hall. The female, named Rosie, has lived and nested there regularly hatching eggs annually. Until 2005, she lived with her mate Joshua; however, Joshua was found wounded in 2005 and, while he was treated, Rosie found a new mate. Since then, she has lived with an unbanded male (nicknamed "The Prof"). The falcons have been popular enough to have been featured in the *Chicago Tribune* and to have their own webcam.

1. "University Hall - The Skyscraper Center". *www.skyscrapercenter.com*. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
2. Emporis data on University Hall\[usurped\]
3. Circle Campus History
4. Midwest Peregrine 2007 Annual Report
5. UIC Banding @ Chicago Peregrine Falcon Blog
6. Chicago Tribune "A raptor love triangle at UIC"
7. Falcon Webcam

## InfoBox

| University Hall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Office, education |
| Architectural style | Brutalist |
| Location | 601 S. Morgan Street
Chicago, Illinois 60607
United States |
| Coordinates | 41°52′25.6″N 87°39′3.6″W / 41.873778°N 87.651000°W / 41.873778; -87.651000 |
| Current tenants | University of Illinois Chicago |
| Completed | 1965 (1965) |
| Owner | University of Illinois Chicago |
| Height | |
| Architectural | 338 ft (103 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 28 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Walter Netsch |


title: Tomopterus clavicornis

abstract: Tomopterus clavicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Magno in 1995.

text:
# Tomopterus clavicornis

***Tomopterus clavicornis***  is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Magno in 1995.

## InfoBox

| *Tomopterus clavicornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Tomopterus*** |
| Species: | ***T. clavicornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tomopterus clavicornis***<br>Magno, 1995 | |
|


title: Terra Nova (journal)

abstract: Terra Nova is a peer-reviewed scientific journal about geology and planetary science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. As of 2014, it had an impact factor of 2.639.

text:
# Terra Nova (journal)

***Terra Nova*** is a peer-reviewed scientific journal about geology and planetary science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. As of 2014, it had an impact factor of 2.639.

## InfoBox

*Terra Nova*
| Discipline | Solid Earth Science, Planetary Science |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Jean Braun, Georges Calas, Max Coleman, Carlo Doglioni, Klaus Mezger & Jason Phipps Morgan |
| Publication details | |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Terra Nova* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1365-3121
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Last Train Home (album)

abstract: Last Train Home is the fifteenth studio album by British hard rock band Foghat. The album was released on 15 June 2010, under the band's independent music label Foghat Records.

text:
# Last Train Home (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Last Train Home*** is the fifteenth studio album by British hard rock band Foghat. The album was released on 15 June 2010, under the band's independent music label Foghat Records.

## Critical reception

Since its release, *Last Train Home* has been met with mostly positive reviews from critics. Steven Erlewine of Allmusic gave the album three stars out of a possible five, and said that Foghat "play with a considerable amount of energy and a precision that only a veteran touring band could have, making this a nice little surprise for hardcore fans".

## Track listing

1. "Born for the Road" (Bryan Bassett) – 4:59
2. "Needle & Spoon" (Chris Youlden) – 3:46
3. "So Many Roads, So Many Trains" (Otis Rush) – 4:50
4. "Last Train Home" (Bassett) – 4:22
5. "Shake Your Money Maker" (Elmore James) – 4:38
6. "It Hurts Me Too" (Elmore James) – 5:59
7. "Feel So Bad" (Chuck Willis) – 4:39
8. "Louisiana Blues" (Muddy Waters) – 4:43
9. "495 Boogie" (Bassett / Lefty "Sugar Lips" Lefkowitz) – 3:55
10. "Rollin' & Tumblin' / You Need Love" (Willie Dixon) – 8:12
11. "In My Dreams" (Eddie Kirkland) – 5:42
12. "Good Good Day" (Eddie Kirkland) – 4:30

## Personnel

* Bryan Bassett – guitar, slide guitar, vocals
* Colin Earl – keyboards
* Roger Earl – drums, vocals
* Jeff Howell – bass guitar, vocals
* Charlie Huhn – guitar, vocals
* Eddie Kirkland – guitar, vocals
* Lefty "Sugar Lips" Lefkowitz – harmonica

## InfoBox

| Last Train Home | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Foghat | |
| Released | 15 June 2010 |
| Genre | Hard rock, blues rock |
| Length | 60:15 |
| Label | Foghat Records |
| Producer | Foghat |
| Foghat chronology | |
| *Family Joules*
(2003) ***Last Train Home***
(2010) *Under the Influence*
(2016) | |


title: Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009

abstract: Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009 is a live album and DVD by British pop group Girls Aloud. The CD is part of the Out Of Control Live from The O2 2009 DVD limited fan edition set, only available on Girls Aloud's official website. The CD was recorded on 24 May 2009 at The O2 Arena in London while the group was on their Out of Control Tour. The album contains all the songs from the tour, with the exception of the Megamix that ends the show.

text:
# Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009

***Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009*** is a live album and DVD by British pop group Girls Aloud. The CD is part of the Out Of Control Live from The O2 2009 DVD limited fan edition set, only available on Girls Aloud's official website. The CD was recorded on 24 May 2009 at The O2 Arena in London while the group was on their Out of Control Tour. The album contains all the songs from the tour, with the exception of the Megamix that ends the show.

## Track list

### DVD

1. "The Promise"
2. "No Good Advice"
3. "Love Is The Key"
4. "Life Got Cold"
5. "Love Bomb"
6. "Biology"
7. "Miss You Bow Wow"
8. "The Loving Kind"
9. "Waiting"
10. "Jump"
11. "Love Machine"
12. "Rolling Back The Rivers In Time"
13. "Untouchable"
14. "Sexy! No No No..."
15. "Broken Strings"
16. "Love Is Pain"
17. "Wild Horses"
18. "Call The Shots"
19. "Revolution In The Head"
20. "Sound Of The Underground"
21. "Fix Me Up"
22. "Womanizer"
23. "Something Kinda Ooooh"
24. Hits Medley: "The Show"/"Wake Me Up"/"Jump"/"No Good Advice"/"Can't Speak French"
25. "The Promise" (reprise)

## Bonus Features

### Videos

1. The Promise (Video)
2. The Loving Kind
3. Untouchable (New Ending)
4. Revolution In The Head Cheryl Girl Cam - Stereo
5. Love Machine Nicola Girl Cam - Stereo
6. Miss You Bow Wow Sarah Girl Cam - Stereo
7. Sound Of The Underground Nadine Girl Cam - Stereo
8. Love Is The Key Kimberley Girl Cam - Stereo
9. Womanizer (Visuals)
10. Love Machine (Visuals)
11. Love Is The Key (Visuals)
12. Revolution In The Head (Visuals)
13. Biology (Visuals)
14. Out Of Control (Tour Interview)

Live audio track list

1. The Promise
2. Love Is The Key
3. Biology
4. Miss You Bow Wow
5. The Loving Kind
6. Waiting
7. Love Machine
8. Rolling Back The Rivers In Time
9. Untouchable
10. Sexy! No No No...
11. Broken Strings
12. Love Is Pain
13. Call The Shots
14. Revolution In The Head
15. Sound Of The Underground
16. Fix Me Up
17. Womanizer
18. Something Kinda Ooooh

### CD track listing

Standard edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Promise" |  | 5:17 |
| 2. | "Love Is the Key" | * Girls Aloud * Cooper * Higgins * Jason Tim Powell | 4:17 |
| 3. | "Biology" | * Cooper * Higgins * Powell * Lisa Cowling * Giselle Sommerville | 3:24 |
| 4. | "Miss You Bow Wow" | * Girls Aloud * Cooper * Higgins * Powell * Cowling * Owen Parker * Toby Scott * Myra Boyle | 4:07 |
| 5. | "The Loving Kind" |  | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Waiting" | * Cooper * Higgins * Cowling * Lee * Paul Woods * Tim "Rolf" Larcombe | 4:14 |
| 7. | "Love Machine" | * Cooper * Higgins * Powell * Cowling * Nick Coler * Boyle * Shawn Lee | 4:09 |
| 8. | "Rolling Back the Rivers in Time" | * Cooper * Higgins * Williams * Powell | 4:29 |
| 9. | "Untouchable" | * Cooper * Higgins * Powell * Matt Gray | 6:57 |
| 10. | "Sexy! No No No..." |  | 3:48 |
| 11. | "Broken Strings" |  | 4:19 |
| 12. | "Love Is Pain" | * Cooper * Higgins * Williams | 3:27 |
| 13. | "Call the Shots" | * Cooper * Higgins * Powell * Sommerville * Cowling | 4:38 |
| 14. | "Revolution in the Head" | * Girls Aloud * Cooper * Higgins * Williams * Powell * Parker | 4:52 |
| 15. | "Sound of the Underground" |  | 4:03 |
| 16. | "Fix Me Up" | * Cooper * Higgins * Resch * Jones * Williams * Powell | 2:38 |
| 17. | "Womanizer" | * Nikesha Briscoe * Rafael Akinyemi | 3:51 |
| 18. | "Something Kinda Ooooh" | * Cooper * Higgins * Powell * Coler * Sommerville * Jody Lei | 5:52 |

## InfoBox

| Out of Control: Live from the O2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Girls Aloud | |
| Released | 5 October 2009 |
| Recorded | 24 May 2009, The O2 Arena, London, England |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 82:40 |
| Label |  |


title: Xylesthia

abstract: Xylesthia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.

text:
# Xylesthia

***Xylesthia*** is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Xylesthia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | *Xylesthia*<br>Clemens, 1859 |
|


title: Fleet management software

abstract: Fleet management software (FMS) is computer software that enables people to accomplish a series of specific tasks in the management of any or all aspects relating to a fleet of vehicles operated by a company, government, or other organisation. These specific tasks encompass all operations from vehicle acquisition through maintenance to disposal. Fleet management softwares are based on mathematical models and computation techniques in order to optimize and simulate transport fleets' management.

text:
# Fleet management software

**Fleet management software** (FMS) is computer software that enables people to accomplish a series of specific tasks in the management of any or all aspects relating to a fleet of vehicles operated by a company, government, or other organisation. These specific tasks encompass all operations from vehicle acquisition through maintenance to disposal.

Fleet management softwares are based on mathematical models and computation techniques in order to optimize and simulate transport fleets' management.

## Fleet management software functions

The main function of fleet management software is to accumulate, store, process, monitor, report on and export information. Information can be imported from external sources such as gas pump processors, territorial authorities for managing vehicle registration (for example DVLA and VOSA), financial institutions, insurance databases, vehicle specification databases, mapping systems and from internal sources such as Human Resources and Finance.

### Vehicle management

Fleet management software should be able to manage processes, tasks and events related to all kinds of vehicles - car, trucks, earth-moving machinery, buses, forklift trucks, trailers and specialist equipment, including:

* Vehicle inventory - the number and type of vehicles
* Vehicle maintenance - specific routine maintenance and scheduled maintenance, and ad hoc requirements
* Licensing, registration, MOT and tax
* Vehicle insurance including due dates and restrictions
* Cost management and analysis
* Vehicle disposal

### Driver management

* Driver license management, including special provisions
* Logging of penalty points and infringements against a licence
* Booking system for pool vehicles
* Passenger safety (SOS)

### Incident management

* Accidents and fines, plus apportioning costs to drivers

### Tracking

## Fleet management metrics to track

* Identification Metrics such as vehicle ID, company ID, location ID, Driver ID
* Utilization Metrics such as mileage and fuel data
* Behavioral Metrics like average speed and harsh acceleration
* Trip Metrics like number of trips, average duration
* Maintenance Metrics like maintenance costs and number of diagnostics

## Software procurement and development

Fleet management software can be developed in-house by the company or organisation using it, or be purchased from a third party. It varies greatly in its complexity and cost.

Fleet management software is directly related to fleet management. It originated on mainframe computers in the 1970s and shifted to the personal computers in the 1980s when it became practical. In later years however, Fleet Management Software has been more efficiently provided as SaaS. Fleet management software has become increasingly necessary and complex as increasing amounts of vehicle related legislation has been brought in.

Vehicle tracking


title: Hiplet (dance style)

abstract: Hiplet is a newly recognized dance style that fuses ballet with hip hop. The term was first coined in 2009, but in May 2016, dancers from the Chicago Multi-Cultural Dance Center (CMDC) performing hiplet gained widespread popularity after a video of the dancers attained thousands of views on Instagram. ABC News subsequently invited the dancers to perform on a televised broadcast. The creation of this genre is attributed to Homer Hans Bryant of the CMDC. The CMDC is currently the only studio in the world that trains dancers in hiplet.

text:
# Hiplet (dance style)

**Hiplet** (pronounced /hɪp.ˈl/) is a newly recognized dance style that fuses ballet with hip hop. The term was first coined in 2009, but in May 2016, dancers from the Chicago Multi-Cultural Dance Center (CMDC) performing hiplet gained widespread popularity after a video of the dancers attained thousands of views on Instagram. ABC News subsequently invited the dancers to perform on a televised broadcast. The creation of this genre is attributed to Homer Hans Bryant of the CMDC. The CMDC is currently the only studio in the world that trains dancers in hiplet.

## Style

Hiplet is notable for its combination of ballet-style movement, which is ethnographically Eurocentric and primarily white, and hip-hop, which is rooted in and grown out of African dance and rich urban culture from communities of color. With its strong roots in traditional movement, dancers train to advance to pointe through years of practice. Ballet is at the core of hiplet, and strong technical skills are imperative to being able to safely practice hiplet. The dancers usually wear traditional ballet attire, including buns, leotards, and tights. Notably, many wear tights and pointe shoes dyed to match their skin color. The dance resembles traditional ballet mixed with sharper angles and less restricted movements.

Hiplet's origins can be traced to Homer Hans Bryant's 1992 "Rap Ballet," but precedents for similar dance fusions extend back much further than the 1990s.

“Breaking, Ballet, and the Representation of Race and Gender,” from *Hip Hop on Film*, provides background on multiple dance styles in both a cultural and performance context. This piece provides earlier examples of artists attempting new types of movement by contending with racialized and gendered histories of different dance styles, stretching back to the mid-twentieth century, setting a precedent for hiplet to form.

## Social impact

This fusion also has a strong history in the dance world, and draws upon many prior endeavors to combine different styles. Homer is helping black dancers express a more contemporary and culturally reflective art form that expresses who they are and where they come from. This provides young, predominantly black, dancers of color the chance to train in an art that still largely excludes them.

## Media dispersion

Hiplet is an example of performance as media consumption, with its path from Instagram, to television, and most recently, to TEDx. The dancers were invited to perform on *Good Morning America* following internet notoriety.

Analyzing the media that gave notoriety to hiplet reveals tensions in dance between performance and archive, and how dance resists being documented due to its temporal nature. Digital media and recordings present a revolutionary way to preserve dance history, and engage in participatory media culture. Pitfalls of widespread access to dance materials are expressed; viewing a live performance and viewing a recording are very different experiences. Dance’s digital archive interacts with the cultural context of its origins and viewing, providing room for new interpretations of work. Digitization is a means of creation, split between recalling an original and existing independently.

Archiving is one of the five identified primary uses of Instagram, where hiplet first gained notoriety. It also functions under several other Instagram categories, including self-expression, social interaction, and escapism.


title: Homaloxestis orthochlora

abstract: Homaloxestis orthochlora is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1926. It is found on Borneo. The wingspan is about 19 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous to the termen, with a slender whitish-ochreous costal streak from the base to the apex, but with the extreme costal edge fuscous anteriorly. The hindwings are dark grey.

text:
# Homaloxestis orthochlora

***Homaloxestis orthochlora*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1926. It is found on Borneo.

The wingspan is about 19 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous to the termen, with a slender whitish-ochreous costal streak from the base to the apex, but with the extreme costal edge fuscous anteriorly. The hindwings are dark grey.

## InfoBox

| *Homaloxestis orthochlora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Homaloxestis* |
| Species: | ***H. orthochlora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Homaloxestis orthochlora***<br>Meyrick, 1926 | |
|


title: Flor (disambiguation)

abstract: Flor is, in winemaking, a film of yeast. Flor or La Flor may also refer to:

text:
# Flor (disambiguation)

**Flor** is, in winemaking, a film of yeast.

**Flor** or **La Flor** may also refer to:

## People

## Arts and entertainment

* *La Flor* (*The Flower*), a 2018 Argentine film, the longest in that nation's history
* Flor (band), an American indie band
* "Flor", a 2023 song by Paula Fernandes from *11:11*
* Flor Méndez, protagonist of the novel *Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands*, a film and a telenovela, both with the same title
* the title character of *Flor Salvaje*, an American telenovela

## Other uses

* Roger de Flor (1267–1305), Italian military adventurer and condottiere


title: Upside Down (Thomas Leeb album)

abstract: Upside Down is Thomas Leeb's third available release and features 12 instrumentals.

text:
# Upside Down (Thomas Leeb album)

***Upside Down*** is Thomas Leeb's third available release and features 12 instrumentals.

## Track listing

1. "Albino"
2. "The Hard Can 2005 remix"
3. "Erzherzog Johann Jodler"
4. "I Shot The Sheriff"
5. "Upside Down"
6. "Spark"
7. "While My Guitar Gently Weeps"
8. "The Boys of Blue Hill"
9. "Sweet Child O' Mine"
10. "Muss I Denn / Twinkle"
11. "Jovka"
12. "Sleepless"

All songs by Thomas Leeb, except

* "Erzherzog Johann Jodler" (Traditional, arr. Leeb)
* "I Shot The Sheriff" (Bob Marley, arr. Leeb)
* "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (George Harrison, arr. Leeb)
* "Sweet Child o'Mine" (Guns'N'Roses, arr. Leeb)
* "Muss I Denn / Twinkle" (Traditional, arr. Leeb)
* "Jovka" (Traditional, arr. Leeb)

## Personnel

* Thomas Leeb – acoustic guitar
* Eric Spitzer – mixing & mastering

## InfoBox

| Upside Down | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Thomas Leeb | |
| Released | 2006 |
| Recorded | August 2005 at Hitbox Altenburg |
| Label | Thomas Leeb (Indie-label) |
| Producer | Thomas Leeb |
| Thomas Leeb chronology | |
| *Spark* ***Upside Down*** *Desert Pirate* | |


title: GOLT1B

abstract: Vesicle transport protein GOT1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLT1B gene. Got1p is a protein that aides in vesicle transport through the Golgi apparatus of the cell. Got1p has a calculated mass of 15.4 kDa and consists of 138 residues. It is believed that the protein is a tetra-spanning membrane protein, and is evolutionarily conserved. Homologes of the protein have been found in Caenorhabditis elegans, Plasmodium falciparum, and in mammals. GOT1 is normally associated closely with Sf2p, which is another protein of similar function. In vivo, It has been found that the removal of these two proteins results in defects in endosome-Golgi traffic and ER-Golgi traffic. In vitro, the removal of got1 specifically, results in a defect in ER-Golgi transport in relation to vesicle tethering to Golgi membranes. The exact contribution that the protein has towards vesicle tethering is still a mystery, however, it is suspected that Got1p is involved in the release of Ca2+ in the Golgi membranes, causing ion channels associated with vesicle tethering to be affected.

text:
# GOLT1B

**Vesicle transport protein GOT1B** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *GOLT1B* gene.

Got1p is a protein that aides in vesicle transport through the Golgi apparatus of the cell. Got1p has a calculated mass of 15.4 kDa and consists of 138 residues. It is believed that the protein is a tetra-spanning membrane protein, and is evolutionarily conserved. Homologes of the protein have been found in *Caenorhabditis elegans*, *Plasmodium falciparum*, and in mammals. *GOT1* is normally associated closely with Sf2p (encoded by *sft2)*, which is another protein of similar function. In vivo, It has been found that the removal of these two proteins results in defects in endosome-Golgi traffic and ER-Golgi traffic. In vitro, the removal of *got*1 specifically, results in a defect in ER-Golgi transport in relation to vesicle tethering to Golgi membranes. The exact contribution that the protein has towards vesicle tethering is still a mystery, however, it is suspected that Got1p is involved in the release of Ca2+ in the Golgi membranes, causing ion channels associated with vesicle tethering to be affected.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| GOLT1B | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | GOLT1B, GCT2, GOT1, GOT1B, YMR292W, CGI-141, golgi transport 1B | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 615078; MGI: 1914214; HomoloGene: 41102; GeneCards: GOLT1B; OMA:GOLT1B - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_016072   NM\_025872   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_057156   NP\_080148   Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 21.5 – 21.52 Mb Chr 6: 142.33 – 142.35 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Esquimalt-Port Renfrew

abstract: Esquimalt-Port Renfrew was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1979 to 1986. Its predecessor riding was Esquimalt. It was redistributed into the ridings of Malahat-Juan de Fuca, Esquimalt-Metchosin and Saanich South. For other Greater Victoria area ridings see List of electoral districts in Greater Victoria. For other Vancouver Island ridings see List of electoral districts on Vancouver Island or List of electoral districts in Greater Nanaimo.

text:
# Esquimalt-Port Renfrew

**Esquimalt-Port Renfrew** was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1979 to 1986. Its predecessor riding was Esquimalt. It was redistributed into the ridings of Malahat-Juan de Fuca, Esquimalt-Metchosin and Saanich South.

For other Greater Victoria area ridings see List of electoral districts in Greater Victoria. For other Vancouver Island ridings see List of electoral districts on Vancouver Island or List of electoral districts in Greater Nanaimo.

## Demographics

| Population, 1966 |  |
| --- | --- |
| Population change, 1966–1986 |  |
| Area (km2) |  |
| Population density (people per km2) |  |

## History

| Esquimalt-Port Renfrew | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Assembly | Years | Member | | Party |
| Esquimalt | | | | |
| 10th | 1903–1907 |  | Charles Edward Pooley | Conservative |
| 11th | 1907–1909 |  | John Jardine | Liberal |
| 12th | 1909–1912 | | | |
| 13th | 1912–1916 |  | Robert Henry Pooley | Conservative |
| 14th | 1916–1920 | | | |
| 15th | 1920–1924 | | | |
| 16th | 1924–1928 | | | |
| 17th | 1928–1933 | | | |
| 18th | 1933–1937 |  | | Unionist |
| 19th | 1937–1941 |  | Elmer Victor Finland | Conservative |
| 20th | 1941–1945 | | | |
| 21st | 1945–1949 |  | Charles Taschereau Beard | *Coalition* |
| 22nd | 1949–1952 | | | |
| 23rd | 1952–1953 |  | Frank Mitchell | Co-operative Commonwealth |
| 24th | 1953–1956 |  | Herbert Joseph Bruch | Social Credit |
| 25th | 1956–1960 | | | |
| 26th | 1960–1963 | | | |
| 27th | 1963–1966 | | | |
| 28th | 1966–1969 | | | |
| 29th | 1969–1972 | | | |
| 30th | 1972–1975 |  | Jim Gorst | New Democratic |
| 31st | 1975–1979 |  | Lyle Kahl | Social Credit |
| Esquimalt-Port Renfrew | | | | |
| 32nd | 1979–1983 |  | Frank Mitchell | New Democratic |
| 33rd | 1983–1986 | | | |
| 34th | 1986–1991 | | Moe Sihota | |
| *Riding dissolved into* Esquimalt-Metchosin, Malahat-Juan de Fuca and Saanich South | | | | |

## Electoral history

*Note: Winners in each election are in* **bold**.

32nd British Columbia election, 1979
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Western Independence | Orest Peter Jakubec | 280 | 1.16% |
|  | Social Credit | Lyle Benjaim James Kahl | 9,812 | 40.58% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | William James (Bill) Langlois | 1,462 | 6.05% |
|  | New Democratic | **Frank Mitchell** | **12,419** | **51.37%** |
|  | Independent New Hope Party | Donald Cecil Stansall | 72 | 0.30% |
|  | Independent | Wayne Arthur Williams | 131 | 0.54% |
| Total valid votes | | | 24,176 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 523 |

33rd British Columbia election, 1983
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Western Canada Concept | Kerry Gordon Greenwood | 1,151 | 4.08% |  | unknown |
|  | Social Credit | Brian Lightburn | 10,185 | 36.09% |  | unknown |
|  | New Democratic | **Frank Mitchell** | **16,304** | **57.77%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | William Charles Stanley | 580 | 2.06% |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 28,220 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 299 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

34th British Columbia election, 1986
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Robert Henry Jones | 1,293 | 4.54% |  | unknown |
|  | Social Credit | T. Brian Killip | 11,649 | 40.93% |  | unknown |
|  | Western Canada Concept | Richard (Dick) Lewers | 322 | 1.13% |  | unknown |
|  | New Democratic | **Munmohan Singh (Moe) Sihota** | **15,198** | **53.40%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 28,462 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 250 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

## Sources


title: Rosa Aquino

abstract: Rosa Yisell Aquino Mareco is a Paraguayan footballer who has played as a midfielder for Sportivo Limpeño and the Paraguay women's national team.

text:
# Rosa Aquino

**Rosa Yisell Aquino Mareco** (born 15 September 1990) is a Paraguayan footballer who has played as a midfielder for Sportivo Limpeño and the Paraguay women's national team.

## International career

Aquino played for Paraguay at senior level in the 2010 South American Women's Football Championship.

## Honours

### Club

**Sportivo Limpeño**

## InfoBox

Rosa Aquino
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Rosa Yisell Aquino Mareco | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-09-15) 15 September 1990 | | |
| Height | 1.56 m (5 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Cerro Porteño |  |  |
|  | Sportivo Limpeño |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2010 | Paraguay | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 7 November 2010 | | | |


title: Taiki Paniani

abstract: Taiki Paniani is a Cook Island international lawn bowler.

text:
# Taiki Paniani

**Taiki Paniani** (born 22 February 1996) is a Cook Island international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

He was born in Rarotonga, Cook Islands and was selected as part of the Cook Islands team for the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast in Queensland where he reached the semi-finals of the Pairs with Aidan Zittersteijn. They then claimed a bronze medal after defeating Malta in the play off to win the first ever medal for the nation.

In 2019, he won a gold medal at the Pacific Games in the fours event.

In 2023, he was selected as part of the team to represent the Cook Islands at the 2023 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. He participated in the men's pairs and the men's fours events.

## InfoBox

Taiki Paniani
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1997-02-22) 22 February 1997<br>Rarotonga, Cook Islands |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Lawn bowls |
| Medal record      Representing  Cook Islands  Commonwealth Games  2018 Gold Coast Men's pairs  Pacific Games  2019 Samoa Men's fours | |


title: Star Light (short story)

abstract: "Star Light" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the October 1962 issue of Scientific American and reprinted in Asimov's 1968 collection Asimov's Mysteries.

text:
# Star Light (short story)

"**Star Light**" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the October 1962 issue of *Scientific American* and reprinted in Asimov's 1968 collection *Asimov's Mysteries*.

## Plot summary

Arthur Trent is a starship pilot and the young accomplice of Brennmeyer, an elderly and brilliant researcher. Brennmeyer has been planning a crime for thirty years. They have stolen a quantity of a valuable substance called krillium that is needed to build robots, and can be sold for millions on any civilized world. Due to the size of the galaxy and the lack of any central government, no cooperation between police of different planets is possible except for the closest ones. So, as long as they are far enough from the point of origin, no search shall be possible; nor shall there be any reason for the locals to believe that the krillium was illegally obtained.

Brennmeyer has compiled extensive data on stars and inhabited planets for many thousands of light-years around. He plans a randomly directed jump through hyperspace, which shall place them well beyond the reach of the police. Then, another jump shall be made toward the closest planet in Brennmeyer's database. (They shall jump randomly because the time required to compute an ordinary jump is long enough that the police would catch them before the computation was complete, and also because there shall be no chance of anyone knowing their destination.) He has engaged Trent to pilot their getaway ship, since he cannot do so himself. Trent, however, does not wish to share the wealth. He murders Brennmeyer with a knife and flees by himself, confident that the ship's automatic search-and-compare program shall locate a usable star and planet for him. He leaves all the evidence for the police to find, since he is sure that they shall not be able to catch him.

He makes the jump, then waits for the computer to match the local stars to its stored patterns, based on its selection of a bright, nearby star. Much time elapses, however, without a match being found. Trent realizes, to his horror, that the star must be a recent nova, which distorts the pattern into one that the computer shall never be able to find in its maps. He lacks the knowledge to override the search procedure, and his life support shall not last indefinitely. The story ends with Trent wishing that he had kept the knife.


title: The Sanctuary Sparrow

abstract: The Sanctuary Sparrow is a medieval mystery novel by Ellis Peters, set in spring 1140. Published in 1983, it is the seventh novel in The Cadfael Chronicles. The story opens during the midnight service at the Abbey, when a young man seeks sanctuary, just seconds ahead of a mob of locals fresh from a wedding feast, charging him with theft and murder. The novel was the second of the series to be adapted for television in 1994 by Central for ITV. Reviewers found this story a bit more sentimental than earlier novels in the series. The plot reveals the killer sooner than expected, but this is not a drawback, as "a dramatic turn of events that leads to the exposure of the killer and the transformation of Liliwin into a hero."

text:
# The Sanctuary Sparrow

***The Sanctuary Sparrow*** is a medieval mystery novel by Ellis Peters, set in spring 1140. Published in 1983, it is the seventh novel in The Cadfael Chronicles.

The story opens during the midnight service at the Abbey, when a young man seeks sanctuary, just seconds ahead of a mob of locals fresh from a wedding feast, charging him with theft and murder.

The novel was the second of the series to be adapted for television in 1994 by Central for ITV.

Reviewers found this story a bit more sentimental than earlier novels in the series. The plot reveals the killer sooner than expected, but this is not a drawback, as "a dramatic turn of events that leads to the exposure of the killer and the transformation of Liliwin into a hero."

## Plot summary

The story takes place over 7 days in May 1140.

At the midnight services of Matins on a lovely May night, a boy speeds into the Abbey church just ahead of mob after him for theft and murder. Abbot Radulfus stops the mob, grants the victim's request for sanctuary and successfully orders the mob to return in quiet the next morning to discuss their charges. Liliwin is a wandering jongleur and entertainer, evicted from the goldsmith's wedding reception earlier for breaking a wine jug during his routine.

The charge against Liliwin is robbery and assault, not murder. The term of sanctuary is forty days; if he leaves the grounds he will be taken. Abbot Radulfus firmly asserts the rights of sanctuary for Liliwin, who protests his innocence. Daniel Aurifaber, grandson of the house, then requests Brother Cadfael to treat his grandmother at their home.

Cadfael treats Dame Juliana, and interviews several in the household. He retrieves the juggling balls that Liliwin left behind. The greed of Dame Juliana permeates the household. Cadfael shares his idea of Liliwin's innocence with Deputy Sheriff Hugh Beringar. Liliwin weeps for the loss of his rebec, which Cadfael finds on a walk back to the Abbey.

Liliwin is pleased to learn that the young maid Rannilt has sympathy for him. Brother Anselm teaches him to read and write music and works to restore the rebec to condition, and Liliwin thrives on regular meals in the Abbey. On Monday Rannilt visits Liliwin with food from Susanna, and discarded men's clothing from Margery, Daniel's new wife. Rannilt and Liliwin fall deeply in love, then make love and fall asleep behind the chapel altar during Vespers. Liliwin's absence is noted. Liliwin and Rannilt wake at Compline having slept too long. Liliwin escorts Rannilt home, risking his sanctuary for her safety. Liliwin sees Daniel leave the Aurifaber home that evening, which he later tells Brother Cadfael.

At the river's edge, Cadfael comes upon the body of Baldwin Peche the locksmith, the same person sought by Madog of the Dead-boat. They find clues of where Peche's body was put in the river the day before. The townspeople accuse Liliwin of this crime immediately. Liliwin denies the murder. Later, Liliwin confesses to Cadfael that he did leave the Abbey to take Rannilt home.

Margery lies to shield her new husband when Beringar questions her. Margery establishes her power and stops Daniel's affair, while removing the suspicion of murder from his head. Together they confess the truth of Daniel's whereabouts the night of the murder to Hugh Beringar. Secure with her husband, Margery steps up for the role of housekeeper, now held by her sister-in-law Susanna. Allowed no dowry for marriage, Susanna has kept the house over 15 years. Margery wins. Dame Juliana decides this while Cadfael is present, to be effective the next morning. Susanna puts her housekeeping accounts in order. Later that evening, her grandmother comes out to talk with her, giving a compliment on her management of the stores of oatmeal, which Rannilt overhears. Dame Juliana suffers her fatal stroke. Her dying words to Cadfael are that she wishes she could have held her great-grandchild.

The next day, Madog and Cadfael find the place of Peche's murder, where the Aurifaber property meets the Severn. Three plants grow there, found on his body. Further clues of rocks and a coin there point to the murderer, and the thief. Cadfael, Beringar and Liliwin realise that while Susanna could not have attacked her father during the party, an accomplice could have done so. Then Susanna retrieved the treasure from the well bucket and hid it in that oatmeal bin when the men chased after the jongleur. When Peche's servant boy gave him the coin from the bucket, Peche attempted to blackmail Susanna, a distinct mistake. Liliwin sees danger for his Rannilt. When Peche approached Susanna in the midst of laundry day, she killed him by hitting him with a rock and drowning him when he was unconscious. She hid his body near the river where the laundry was dried, then sent Rannilt away so no one would see the body. Her accomplice moved it by night. Cadfael realises that Susanna is pregnant and her accomplice is her lover. This is what Dame Juliana meant in her last words. Her lover is the Welsh journeyman Iestyn, and they will leave this night.

Liliwin secures his freedom from Hugh Beringar. Walter leads the pursuit of his own daughter. Beringar, Cadfael, Liliwin and the sheriff's men pursue Susanna, Iestyn and Rannilt, taken as a witness. They corner the fugitives in the Aurifaber horse barn, where a tense hostage situation develops. Iestyn negotiates with Beringar for safe passage for Susanna, in exchange for the release of Rannilt. Walter objects to any bargain that risks his money. Liliwin the acrobat climbs to the air vent, quietly peels away the lattice wood and enters the hay loft in search of Rannilt. As dawn breaks, Rannilt slips toward the exit with Liliwin; then Iestyn goes for Liliwin with a knife. At the same moment, Susanna runs to Iestyn and takes the arrow meant for him. Hugh Beringar climbs to the loft to take heartbroken Iestyn from his dead lover. Walter runs about gathering his coins.

In the epilogue, Liliwin and Rannilt marry at the Abbey, and are compensated by the townsfolk for their mistaken judgment of the jongleur. Brother Anselm gives Liliwin his rebec, fully repaired. After the ceremony, Liliwin asks the fate of Iestyn. Beringar will argue in his favour, as Iestyn did no murder, what he stole is returned, and he acted at his lover's behest. Beringar sees a future for him. Liliwin and Rannilt set out on their new life.

## Characters

* Brother Cadfael: Herbalist monk at Shrewsbury Abbey. He is 60 years old in this story. A few months earlier, he became godfather to Giles Beringar, son of his friend Hugh.
* Abbot Radulfus: Head of the Benedictine Abbey of St Peter and St Paul. Described as tall with silver hair. He is somewhat authoritarian in his manner. They work together well in the two years since Radulfus became Abbot. He is fictional but based on the real abbot of this era (Ranulf in some records).
* Prior Robert Pennant: Prior Robert Pennant is portrayed as an aristocrat, concerned with status. He is offended by the presence of one who makes his living by entertaining people, bearing his presence only as a proper use of the right of sanctuary by the Abbot. He is fictional but based on a real man, who was Abbot after Radulfus.
* Brother Anselm: Precentor for the Abbey. In charge of the choirs and all music at the Abbey, he is talented in playing, directing, singing, and composing music, as well as repairing instruments.
* Brother Jerome: Confessor to the novices and clerk to Prior Robert. He is a rather petty man, jealous of his authority. He is not a tall man like Prior Robert, rather he is similar in size and shape, but not agility, to Liliwin, and twice his age.
* Brother Oswin: He is a young monk who is gaining in his skill as assistant to Brother Cadfael in the herbarium. He is about 19 or 20 years old, and was introduced in *The Leper of Saint Giles*.
* Liliwin: Young man of apparent Saxon heritage with fair hair and blue eyes. He is a jongleur with musical skills, working on his own. He is unsure of his parentage or age, perhaps 20, as he was raised by a troupe of jongleurs from his earliest memory. He is in Shrewsbury in hopes of work, which he finds at the wedding feast of Daniel Aurifaber.
* Dame Juliana Aurifaber: Mother to Walter, grandmother to Susanna and Daniel. She is 80 years old and in failing health, but still the force that energises the household of her son. She is greedy of money, and of her power over her family, harsh in punishment, miserly with the household goods in her day as housekeeper, and loathe to fully cede her power to supervise the household to the last minute of her life.
* Walter Aurifaber: Successful craftsman of Shrewsbury, the local goldsmith. He is widowed, father of Susanna and Daniel. He is perhaps late fifties in age, and both greedy and tightfisted with his money, like his mother, but weaker in character.
* Daniel Aurifaber: Son of Walter, younger brother of Susanna, newlywed husband of Margery. Trained as a goldsmith, Daniel stands to inherit his father's business and property, and is the spoiled favourite of both his father and grandmother. He is trained as a goldsmith, who works when his father keeps him at it. He is in his mid twenties.
* Susanna Aurifaber: Daughter of Walter, granddaughter of Juliana. She is the housekeeper for the last 15 years because her father will not grant her a dowry for her own marriage in her own social class. She is efficient, calm, hardworking, a match to her grandmother in force of character yet suffering from the main forces of the household. She is about 30 years old.
* Margery Aurifaber: Newlywed to Daniel as the novel opens. She is the only child of Edred Bele, a local cloth merchant. This was not a marriage of love, but a match of two with good expectations.
* Iestyn: Journeyman in Aurifaber goldsmith shop. He is Welsh, lives on their property, and is about 27 or 28.
* Rannilt: Young maid working under Susanna in the Aurifaber household. She is likely the child of unmarried parents in Wales, in her late teens, with dark hair and eyes.
* Baldwin Peche: Craftsman and local locksmith. He resides in a portion of the structure of the Aurifaber property, leased to him. He is an easy-going man, likes to fish the Severn and to keep up on the news of his neighbours. He is widowed, childless, in his fifties.
* John Boneth: Journeyman locksmith in the shop of Peche. He lives with his mother in the town, and will take over the shop as Peche has no son.
* Griffin: Boy in Peche household, age 13, helps in all household duties. He is considered slow by many but able to perform many tasks, and loyal to his master, who values him. He found the coin left in the water bucket the morning after the marriage feast, then gave it to his master.
* Cecily Corde: Young and attractive second wife of wool merchant Ailwin Corde, about 60. She is also the sometime paramour of Daniel Aurifaber. She is 23 years old.
* Madog of the Dead-Boat: Welsh man, expert on the Severn. He specialises in knowing the river's currents and where items lost in the river will wash-up on the shoreline.
* Deputy Sheriff Hugh Beringar: Second to Sheriff Prestcote, both firmly in King Stephen's service. A young man about 25 years old but a close companion to Brother Cadfael in the search for truth. He owns manors and is trained in the arts of war, and enforcing the King's peace in Shropshire. Introduced in *One Corpse Too Many*; married to Aline and father of the infant Giles, who was himself introduced in *The Virgin in the Ice*.
* Aline Beringar: Wife of Hugh and mother of young Giles. She takes Rannilt for a few days to ready her for her wedding, after all the excitement. She was introduced in *One Corpse Too Many*.

## Critical reception

The website of the Little, Brown Book Group quotes two favourable reviews.

> * "Medieval England comes marvelously alive." – *Washington Post*
> * "Murderous through they be, the Ellis Peters books set in 12th Century Britain have the freshness of a new world at dawn… Peters weaves a complex, colourful and at times quite beautiful tapestry. Medieval of course." – *Houston Post*

*Kirkus Reviews* finds this story of greed to be a bit sentimental. The novel was "a welcome treat for Brother Cadfael fans." There are many suspects for the attack on the goldsmith and the murder of the locksmith. leading to "a dramatic turn of events that leads to the exposure of the killer and the transformation of Liliwin into a hero."

*Publishers Weekly* reviewed an audio edition in 1992 for the plot structure. The reviewer found that "This seventh installment in the Brother Cadfael series could be faulted for revealing the murderer's identity a bit too soon, but the riveting climax more than compensates for the early disclosure."

"Goodtoread.org", an independent, Christian-orientated organisation, which reviews books on behalf of parents, calls Peter's writing style "consistently agreeable" and the novel's deathbed scene and comments on piety "edifying", but considers the book "marred by extra-marital lovemaking" and "less wholesome than one expects."

## Allusions to historical era and people

The novel is set in the real town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England.

Shrewsbury Abbey is a real abbey. Abbot Radulfus and Prior Robert Pennant are both real historical figures. Robert Pennant eventually succeeded Radulfus in 1148.

The body of the murder victim is found in the Severn river. Three plants growing in proximity are crucial clues for ascertaining where the murder took place: water crowfoot, alder, and the less common fox-stone (orchis masculata).

The story takes place during The Anarchy, a term referring to the 19-year civil war between King Stephen and his cousin the Empress Maud. This story is set at a moment of relative peace in Shrewsbury from the never-ending contention, with a focus on local events.

The plot relies in part on the Middle Ages practice in England of sanctuary from the civil authorities if a fugitive stays in a sacred place like a church. In this story, the time of sanctuary allowed the real culprits to be identified, saving a man of a lower class, the jongleur entertaining at the home of a goldsmith, from undeserved punishment.

Where the jongleur is here portrayed as the lower class but more diverse performer compared to the troubadour becoming common in this era (compare to the character Rémy of Pertuis in *The Holy Thief*), the character introduces much description of music, musicians, their skills and their instruments in the twelfth century in the story. The jongleur is an acrobat, a juggler, a singer and player of musical instruments. The jongleur Liliwin relies on a rebec to make music. He is a singer with his voice in the high range, as noted by the Precentor Brother Anselm. The Precentor is completely absorbed in music in his life as a monk, guiding the singing for daily services in the monastery, composing music for special Masses, and educated in both reading and writing the notes, a skill he teaches the jongleur Liliwin. The Precentor is also skilled in making and maintaining musical instruments. He repairs the broken rebec, and shares use of the portative organ with Liliwin, who quickly learns how to play it.

## Themes in *The Sanctuary Sparrow*

Greed and love are intertwined themes in this story. Even in a society where everyone seems to have a place, greed as a main force in a household can pervert the strongest love.

## Adaptations

*The Sanctuary Sparrow* was the second Cadfael story to be adapted for television. It was produced in Britain by Central for ITV in 1994, as a 75 minutes episode. It was mostly filmed on location in Hungary, starred Sir Derek Jacobi as Cadfael and featured Sean Pertwee as Sheriff Hugh Beringar, Steven Mackintosh as Liliwin and Sara Stephens as Rannilt. Prior Robert was portrayed by Michael Culver.

The episode was one of four released in an audio format with linking narration by Acorn Media.

## Publication history

The book is available as an audio book from a variety of publishers and with various voice talents, with thirteen editions released from 1992 by Chivers to the most recent in August 2012 by Blackstone Audiobooks(ISBN 1441751661 / 9781441751669).

## InfoBox

The Sanctuary Sparrow
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ellis Peters |
| Series | The Cadfael Chronicles |
| Genre | Mystery novel |
| Publisher | Macmillan |
| Publication date | 1983 |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback) & audio book |
| Pages | 192 |
| ISBN | 0-333-34239-9 |
| OCLC | 233809069 |
| Preceded by | *The Virgin in the Ice* |
| Followed by | *The Devil's Novice* |


title: Night Songs (Cinderella album)

abstract: Night Songs is the debut studio album by American glam metal band Cinderella. It was released on June 9, 1986, by Mercury Records. Mercury issued the album worldwide, while Vertigo Records handled the album's release in the UK. The album peaked at No. 3 on the US charts on February 7, 1987, and was certified double platinum for shipping 2 million copies there twelve days later. In May 1991, it was certified triple platinum, having shipped 3 million copies. Leadoff single "Shake Me" failed to chart, but "Nobody's Fool" cracked the Top 20, reaching No. 13. Third single "Somebody Save Me" went to #66. On May 4, 1987, Cinderella filmed parts of their concert in Philadelphia. These live songs were, along with their three MTV videos, released on home video in August 1987 on Night Songs: The Videos. Night Songs sold several million copies due to a combination of Cinderella's breakthrough single "Nobody's Fool", MTV airplay, and an opening slot on labelmates Bon Jovi's tour, in support of their album Slippery When Wet.

text:
# Night Songs (Cinderella album)

***Night Songs*** is the debut studio album by American glam metal band Cinderella. It was released on June 9, 1986, by Mercury Records. Mercury issued the album worldwide, while Vertigo Records handled the album's release in the UK.

The album peaked at No. 3 on the US charts on February 7, 1987, and was certified double platinum for shipping 2 million copies there twelve days later. In May 1991, it was certified triple platinum, having shipped 3 million copies.

Leadoff single "Shake Me" failed to chart, but "Nobody's Fool" cracked the Top 20, reaching No. 13. Third single "Somebody Save Me" went to #66. On May 4, 1987, Cinderella filmed parts of their concert in Philadelphia. These live songs were, along with their three MTV videos, released on home video in August 1987 on *Night Songs: The Videos*.

*Night Songs* sold several million copies due to a combination of Cinderella's breakthrough single "Nobody's Fool", MTV airplay, and an opening slot on labelmates Bon Jovi's tour, in support of their album *Slippery When Wet*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 6/10 |

The album received mixed reviews. David Fricke, writing for *Rolling Stone* magazine, considered that "\[Cinderella\] need to jazz up their material and cut away the clichés if they're really interested in hard-rock immortality. Otherwise, their platinum dreams are going to turn into pumpkins". AllMusic reviewer Steve Huey called it "not bad, just generic". Canadian journalist Martin Popoff put on a par Cinderella's rise to prominence with Poison's success, judging them as "little more than vacant, colourful but life-affirming \[Mötley\] Crüe derivatives." He described the songs as "heavier than one might expect, but of course safe, shallow and watery like the kiddie pool."

The album has been retrospectively considered a hair-metal classic, being ranked on a vast amount of "best of" lists.

## Legacy

After the release of this album, the band slightly changed their sound to fit a more blues rock direction. In October 2014 for her birthday, guitarist Tom Keifer presented Lzzy Hale of Halestorm with the costume jewelry pin he wore on his right shoulder for the *Night Songs* album cover. Hale subsequently wore the pin on her right hip on the album cover for Halestorm's 2015 *Into the Wild Life*, to include a touch of tradition.

## Track listing

All songs written by Tom Keifer.

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Night Songs" | 4:12 |
| 2. | "Shake Me" | 3:44 |
| 3. | "Nobody's Fool" | 4:49 |
| 4. | "Nothin' for Nothin'" | 3:33 |
| 5. | "Once Around the Ride" | 3:22 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Hell on Wheels" | 2:49 |
| 7. | "Somebody Save Me" | 3:16 |
| 8. | "In from the Outside" | 4:07 |
| 9. | "Push, Push" | 2:52 |
| 10. | "Back Home Again" | 3:30 |
| Total length: | | 36:05 |

## Personnel

Cinderella Additional musicians * Barry Benedetta – lead guitar on "Back Home Again", "Nothin' for Nothin'" and "Push, Push"
* Jeff Paris – keyboards
* Jody Cortez – drums on all tracks
* Tony Mills – background vocals
* Jon Bon Jovi – background vocals on "Nothin' for Nothin'" and "In from the Outside"
* Bill Mattson – background vocals on "Shake Me"

Production * Andy Johns – producer, engineer, mixing at the Record Plant, Los Angeles
* David Glover, Joe Hauserman, Mark McKenna, Nick Didia, Paul Wertheimer – assistant engineers
* Mark "Weissguy" Weiss – photography/cover concept

## Charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (*RPM*) | 15 |
| Finnish Albums (The Official Finnish Charts) | 27 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 3 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Accolades

| Publication | Year | Country | Accolade | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Metal Rules* | 2003 | US | Top 50 Glam Metal Albums | 2 |
| *Metal Rules* | 2006 | US | Top 10 One Album Heavy Metal Wonders | 8 |
| *Guitar World* | 2008 | US | Top 20 Hair Metal Albums of the Eighties | 8 |
| *L.A. Weekly* | 2011 | US | Top 20 Hair Metal Albums of All Time | 11 |
| *Loudwire* | 2016 | US | Top 30 Hair Metal Albums | 7 |
| *Consequence of Sound* | 2018 | US | 10 Hair Metal Albums That Don't Suck | 7 |
| *Rolling Stone* | 2019 | US | 50 Greatest Hair Metal Albums of All Time | 18 |
|

## InfoBox

| Night Songs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Cinderella | |
| Released | June 9, 1986 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Glam metal |
| Length | 36:05 |
| Label | Mercury |
| Producer | Andy Johns |
| Cinderella chronology | |
| ***Night Songs***
(1986) *Long Cold Winter*
(1988) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Night Songs* | |
| 1. "Shake Me"
Released: 9 August 1986 (USA), February 1987 (UK) 2. "Nobody's Fool"
Released: October 1986 3. "Somebody Save Me"
Released: April 1987 | |
|  | |