title: Madrasta (film)

abstract: Madrasta is a 1996 Philippine family drama film written and directed by Olivia M. Lamasan, with Ricky Lee serving as the co-writer. Starring Sharon Cuneta and Christopher de Leon, the film revolves around a woman who struggles with her life as the stepmother of her husband's children from his first wife. The film clinched Cuneta a Grandslam Best Actress honor, recognized her as Best Actress from all major award-giving bodies in the Philippines, while its strong showing at the box-office conferred to Cuneta, another Box-Office Queen award. Produced and distributed by Star Cinema, it was theatrically released on August 14, 1996, and it is Cuneta's first film outside her home studio, Viva Films. During its initial release, the film was a box office success where it became the highest-grossing film produced by the film studio at the time. In May 1998, it received an Asian television screening through an international movie channel, Cinemax. The film has been digitally remastered and restored by ABS-CBN Film Archives and Central Digital Lab. The film is streaming online on YouTube.

text:
# Madrasta (film)

***Madrasta*** (lit.'Stepmother') is a 1996 Philippine family drama film written and directed by Olivia M. Lamasan, with Ricky Lee serving as the co-writer. Starring Sharon Cuneta and Christopher de Leon, the film revolves around a woman who struggles with her life as the stepmother of her husband's children from his first wife. The film clinched Cuneta a Grandslam Best Actress honor, recognized her as Best Actress from all major award-giving bodies in the Philippines, while its strong showing at the box-office conferred to Cuneta, another Box-Office Queen award.

Produced and distributed by Star Cinema, it was theatrically released on August 14, 1996, and it is Cuneta's first film outside her home studio, Viva Films. During its initial release, the film was a box office success where it became the highest-grossing film produced by the film studio at the time. In May 1998, it received an Asian television screening through an international movie channel, Cinemax. The film has been digitally remastered and restored by ABS-CBN Film Archives and Central Digital Lab.

The film is streaming online on YouTube.

## Plot

The loving and nurturing Mariel (Sharon Cuneta) marries Edward (Christopher de Leon) after his first wife abandons him and took responsibility as a mother to his three children (Claudine Barretto, Patrick Garcia and Camille Prats). Mariel strives to win the acceptance and affection of her new stepchildren. Even as she tries to define her role in the family she is still just a stepmother no matter what. She must learn how to cope and be a part of their lives. Directed by Lamasan, this provocative film explores issues of love, trust, and what it means to be a family.

## Cast

## Reception

### Accolades

| Year | Award-Giving Body | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | FAMAS Awards | Best Actress | Sharon Cuneta | Won |
| | | Best Child Actor | Patrick Garcia | Won |
| | | Best Actor | Christopher De Leon | Nominated |
| | | Best Director | Olivia M. Lamasan | Nominated |
| | | Best Editing | Edgardo Vinarao & Rudy Hukom | Nominated |
| | | Best Movie Theme Song | *"Hanggang Kailan Kita Mamahalin?"* by Willy Cruz | Nominated |
| | | Best Picture | *Madrasta* | Nominated |
| | | Best Screenplay | Ricardo Lee & Olivia M. Lamasan | Nominated |
| | | Best Supporting Actress | Zsa Zsa Padilla | Nominated |
| | | Best Supporting Actor | Koko Trinidad | Nominated |
| | Film Academy of the Philippines Awards (FAP Awards) | Best Actress | Sharon Cuneta | Won |
| | Best Actor | Christopher de Leon | Nominated |
| | Best Director | Olivia M. Lamasan | Nominated |
| | Best Editing | Edgardo Vinarao & Rudy Hukom | Nominated |
| | Best Musical Score |  | Nominated |
| | Best Original Song | *"Hanggang Kailan Kita Mamahalin?"* by Willy Cruz | Won |
| | Best Picture | *Madrasta* | Nominated |
| | Best Screenplay | Ricardo Lee & Olivia M. Lamasan | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Patrick Garcia | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Zsa Zsa Padilla | Nominated |
| | Gawad Urian Awards | Best Actress | Sharon Cuneta tied with Nora Aunor for *"Bakit May Kahapon Pa? (1996)"* | Won |
| | Best Actor | Christopher De Leon | Nominated |
| | Best Direction | Olivia M. Lamasan | Nominated |
| | Best Editing | Edgardo Vinarao and John David Hukom | Nominated |
| | Best Picture | *Madrasta* | Won |
| | Best Screenplay | Ricardo Lee and Olivia Lamasan | Nominated |
| | PMPC Star Awards for Movies | Movie Actor of the Year | Christopher de Leon | Won |
| | Movie Actress of the Year | Sharon Cuneta | Won |
| | Director of the Year | Olivia M. Lamasan | Won |
| | Movie Theme Song of the Year | *"Hanggang Kailan Kita Mamahalin?"* by Willy Cruz | Nominated |
| | Movie of the Year | *Madrasta* | Nominated |
| | Best Screenplay | Ricardo Lee and Olivia Lamasan | Nominated |
| | Musical Scorer of the Year |  | Nominated |
| | Movie Supporting Actor of the Year | Patrick Garcia | Nominated |
| | Movie Supporting Actress of the Year | Zsa Zsa Padilla | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Madrasta | |
| --- | --- |
| The poster of the restored version of the film, designed by Justin Besana | |
| Directed by | Olivia M. Lamasan |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Produced by | Malou N. Santos |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Joe Batac |
| Edited by | David G. Hukom |
| Music by | Willy Cruz |
| Production<br>company | Star Cinema |
| Distributed by | Star Cinema |
| Release date | * August 14, 1996 (1996-08-14) |
| Running time | 120 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Languages | * Filipino * English |
| Box office | ₱70 million (₱220 million in 2022 Philippine peso) |


title: Ryan Hogarth

abstract: Ryan Hogarth is a Scottish professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

text:
# Ryan Hogarth

**Ryan Hogarth** (born 25 January 1992) is a Scottish professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

## Career

In 2018, Hogarth qualified for the 2019 BDO World Darts Championship as a qualifier, but he lost 3–1 to Oliver Ferenc of Serbia in the preliminary round. At the start of the following year, Hogarth reached the final of the Dutch Open, losing out 3–2 to Richard Veenstra.

He qualified for the 2020 BDO World Darts Championship as the 15th seed, but lost in the second round to Jim Williams.

Hogarth started to compete in the PDC circuit in 2020.

## World Championship results

### BDO

## InfoBox

| Ryan Hogarth | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nickname | "HeadHunter" |
| Born | (1992-01-25) 25 January 1992<br>Glasgow, Scotland |
| Home town | Kelso, Scotland |
| Darts information | |
| Playing darts since | 2011 |
| Darts | 21 Gram One80 |
| Laterality | Right-handed |
| Walk-on music | "Hate to Say I Told You So" by The Hives |
| Organisation (see split in darts) | |
| BDO | 2011–2020 |
| PDC | 2020 |
| WDF | 2021– |
| Current world ranking | 46  (14 November 2023) |
| WDF major events – best performances | |
| World Ch'ship | Last 16: 2020 |
| World Masters | Last 32: 2019 |
| World Trophy | Last 16: 2018 |
| Other tournament wins | |
| Tournament | **Years** |
| Isle of Man Masters | 2022 |


title: The Unknown (hypertext novel)

abstract: The Unknown is a web-based hypertext novel written by William Gillespie, Scott Rettberg and Dirk Stratton with Frank Marquardt. It won the 1999 Trace/Alt-X International Hypertext Contest. The name The Unknown was used to refer to both the work and its authors.

text:
# The Unknown (hypertext novel)

***The Unknown*** (also known as *The Unknown**:** The Original Great American Hypertext Novel* ) is a web-based hypertext novel written by William Gillespie, Scott Rettberg and Dirk Stratton with Frank Marquardt. It won the 1999 Trace/Alt-X International Hypertext Contest. The name *The Unknown* was used to refer to both the work and its authors.

## Plot

The Unknown is a sprawling hypertext novel about a fictional book tour the four authors are on to promote the *Unknown Anthology*.

Kristin Krauth describes it as "a satire on publishing and promotion as well as a tough and funny look at the nature of creating hypertext". Brad Quinn describes the plot as "an adventure novel about a book tour for a book that doesn't exist, and it has all kinds of ridiculous behavior, drug abuse and famous people who would probably be shocked and none too happy to find out that they are in the novel."

## Performances

The Unknown was not only a story about a book tour, the authors performed the hypertext at many different events. One of the first performances was at a Brown University event called "Technology Platforms for 21st Century Literature" (TP21CL). A journalist writing about the event for PC Magazine noted that "A group of authors gave a reading of a funny hypertext novel called "The Unknown," which had different tracks you move among." Writing for the MIT Technology Review, Nick Montfort describes the authors performing in suits, and beginning the reading by reading a fictionalised account of travelling to the reading they are actually at. Montfort writes: "The different authors rotate through three roles. One reads, one works the mouse, and one dings a bell to alert the audience to each hypertext link. Audience members interact by calling out when they want to click on a link."

An article in the Los Angeles Times about a reading they did in 2000 quotes Dirk Stratton: "With the traditional reading, you have the silent audience: attentive, rapt, staring up at the genius author waiting for enlightenment. We have given away that authorial control (..) We put up a space that’s filled with text, that’s filled with many different paths, and we let the audience tell us where to go."

## Creation

The novel was started when William Gillespie, Scott Rettberg and Dirk Stratton "simply sat down and started writing one June day in 1998, in Cincinnati", where two of the writers were grad students and one taught writing.

## The Unknown Anthology

The web novel is framed as a fictional book tour to promote a fictional anthology. In 2002 the writers actually published a print anthology of their writing, titled *The Unknown: An Anthology.*

## Reception

Journalists writing about The Unknown when it was new tend to emphasise both the novelty of reading a story on the web, and the humour of the work. For instance, Brad Quinn wrote, in 2000, "I have spent hours reading *The Unknown*. It's impossible to know how big it is, because I rarely run across the same page twice. But as much as I hate to read anything longer than a short e-mail or a box score on the Web, I don't mind reading *The Unknown*, mostly because it's fun."

*The Unknown* is usually situated as a postmodern novel, although this is problematised by Ugo Panzani. Writing in 2021, Spencer Jordan describes it as "in essence an exploration of postmodern creativity. The deep irony, fragmentation and deathlessness of the work, the satirical use of pastiche, are all classic tropes of the postmodern genre." Kevin Brooks also calls attention to *The Unknown*'s basis in the picaresque novel and the road trip movie.

The collaborative writing at the heart of *The Unknown* has inspired later projects, including the Polish work *Piksel Zdrój,* which was explicitly modelled on the picaresque and digressive nature of *The Unknown*.

## Awards

*The Unknown* was a co-winner of the first trAce/Alt-X prize in 1999 and was performed live at the ACM Hypertext conference in San Antonio in 2000.

## InfoBox

The Unknown
| Author | William Gillespie, Scott Rettberg, Dirk Stratton, Frank Marquadt |
| --- | --- |
| Illustrators | Adam Richer, Katie Gilligan |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Hypertext fiction, Electronic literature |
| Publication date | 1999 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Web, XHTML, RealAudio, MP3 |
| Award | 1st Trace/Alt-X International Hypertext Contest |
| Website | http://unknownhypertext.com |


title: Gota Yashiki

abstract: Gota Yashiki Gota Yashiki is a Japanese musician who performs an independent acid jazz artist and drum/bass player and as a member of the band, Simply Red.

text:
# Gota Yashiki

**Gota Yashiki** (屋敷 豪太, *Yashiki Gōta*, 26 February 1962) is a Japanese musician who performs an independent acid jazz artist and drum/bass player and as a member of the band, Simply Red.

## Biography

Born in Kyoto, Japan, on 26 February 1962, where at a young age he learned how to play traditional Japanese drums, he moved to Tokyo in 1982 to join a reggae/dub band that became known as Mute Beat. Together with Mute Beat band member Kazufumi Kodama, he worked on various projects and formed the duo Kodama & Gota.

From 1986 on, Yashiki entered the European music scene, collaborating with numerous well-known artists, including Soul II Soul, Sinéad O'Connor and Seal, while also working on film soundtracks and re-mixes.

Yashiki joined Simply Red in 1991 for the recording of the album *Stars* and the following world tour. In late 1993, he released an album titled *Somethin' to Talk About* under the name Gota & The Heart of Gold, and helped fellow Simply Red band member Heitor T.P. release a solo album in 1994. While still working regularly with various European artists, including an album by singer-songwriter Chris Braide, he recorded another album as Gota & The Low Dog in 1995 with singer Warren Dowd. This album, named *Live Wired Electro*, was released in several countries and took him on his first solo Japanese tour. Alanis Morissette credits Yashiki as "Groove Activator" on her album *Jagged Little Pill*, for which samples of his works were used. Also, the English electronic dance music producer Chicane used his drum samples, most prominent on the Chicane Mix of the Bryan Adams song Cloud Number Nine. He also made *Here We Go*, the theme song of J1 League team Nagoya Grampus in 1992, when the team was still known as Nagoya Grampus Eight.

In 1997, he released his first album in the United States titled *It's So Different Here*. The albums hit single was a top ten Smooth Jazz track of the year. The album went to No. 15 on the *Billboard* 200, and No. 1 on the R&R chart. He also assisted Depeche Mode in the studio in 1997, appearing on their eagerly awaited 1997 album *Ultra*. Yashiki then helped produce Simply Red's album titled *Blue* the following year in 1998 and subsequently assisted the following year's release *Love and The Russian Winter*. He released two albums in 1999, the first titled *Let's Get Started*, and the second titled *Day & Night*. Also that year he collaborated with the English musician Mike Oldfield in his album *The Millennium Bell*, in the track titled "Mastermind" as the drummer. His album *The Best of Gota* was released in 2002, and he worked on a joint project with Freemasons member and British producer James Wiltshire called B.E.D. (Beyond Every Definition) in the early 2000s. In 2004, to celebrate the first centenary of FIFA, he made some arrangements to the anthem composed by Franz Lambert in 1994 and is the one heard in all the FIFA officially sanctioned matches since then.

In 2006, he was part of a special unit called Kokua with Shikao Suga, Takebe Satoshi, Takamune Negishi and Hirokazu Ogura to sing *Progress*, the theme song of NHK's *Professional Shigoto no Ryuugi* (プロフェッショナル 仕事の流儀, known overseas as *The Professionals*). They reunited in 2016 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the single, making an album, *Progress*, and having a Nationwide tour.

In March 2008, Yashiki formed the rock band Vitamin-Q along with Masami Tsuchiya, Kazuhiko Katō, Rei Ohara and Anza. However, after Kato's suicide on 17 October 2009, the fate of the group is uncertain.

## InfoBox

| Gota Yashiki | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1962-02-26) 26 February 1962<br>Kyoto, Japan |
| Genres | Acid jazz, rock, pop |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, arranger |
| Instrument(s) | Drums, bass guitar |
| Years active | 1982present |
| Member of | Simply Red, Kokua |
|  | |
| Website | gota.com |


title: Starchild (O.C. album)

abstract: Starchild is the fourth studio album released by American rapper, O.C. (D.I.T.C.), in early 2005 through Boston based imprint, Grit Records. The album was initially released in Japan, with a planned release in the US but it was shelved due to problems with sample clearances for a number of the songs. Unlike O.C.'s previous albums, Starchild does not feature any guest artists, apart from Pharoahe Monch, who is featured on "Evaridae", but only sings the hook. It was also the first album not to feature any production or assistance from members of D.I.T.C.. O.C. tried to go for a new sound with talented and lesser known producers, such as Vanguard, Floyd the Locsmif and Swedish Soul Supreme. Starchild also features scratching and cuts performed by DJ Revolution and DJ Statik Selektah. OC and Grit subsequently announced that the Japanese release was a promotional version and not the final official version. They announced that the official release would have additional songs. The album was reported to be remixed by Pete Rock, and renamed Soulchild. Following which, the album was reported to be remixed by!llmind and Slopfunkdust. Neither version was ever released as O.C. left Grit Records.

text:
# Starchild (O.C. album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| RapReviews |  |
| HipHopDX.com |  |

***Starchild*** is the fourth studio album released by American rapper, O.C. (D.I.T.C.), in early 2005 through Boston based imprint, Grit Records. The album was initially released in Japan, with a planned release in the US but it was shelved due to problems with sample clearances for a number of the songs.

Unlike O.C.'s previous albums, *Starchild* does not feature any guest artists, apart from Pharoahe Monch (Organized Konfusion), who is featured on "Evaridae", but only sings the hook. It was also the first album not to feature any production or assistance from members of D.I.T.C.. O.C. tried to go for a new sound with talented and lesser known producers, such as Vanguard, Floyd the Locsmif (credited as "Locsmif") and Swedish Soul Supreme. *Starchild* also features scratching and cuts performed by DJ Revolution and DJ Statik Selektah.

OC and Grit subsequently announced that the Japanese release was a promotional version and not the final official version. They announced that the official release would have additional songs. The album was reported to be remixed by Pete Rock, and renamed *Soulchild*. Following which, the album was reported to be remixed by !llmind and Slopfunkdust. Neither version was ever released as O.C. left Grit Records.

## Reception

Allmusic's John Bush states "*Starchild*, recaptured some of the critical acclaim lost with *Bon Appetit*, and resulted in a new deal with Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings."

## Track listing

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Performer (s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Intro" | Statik Selektah | O.C. |
| 2 | "Evaridae" | Floyd the Locsmif | O.C., Pharoahe Monch |
| 3 | "Who Run It?" | Floyd the Locsmif | O.C. |
| 4 | "The Professional" | Vanguard | O.C. |
| 5 | "1nce Again" | Soul Supreme | O.C. |
| 6 | "Ya Don't Stop" | Soul Supreme | O.C. |
| 7 | "Story To Tell" | Vanguard | O.C. |
| 8 | "What Am I Supposed To Do?" | Soul Supreme | O.C. |
| 9 | "Getaway" | Vanguard | O.C. |
| 10 | "Memory Lane" | Soul Supreme | O.C. |
| 11 | "Special" | Soul Supreme | O.C. |
| 12 | "Who Run It? (Remix)" | Floyd the Locsmif | O.C. |
| 13 | "Outro" | Statik Selektah | O.C. |

## Samples

## InfoBox

| Starchild | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by O.C. | |
| Released | 2005 |
| Recorded | 2004–2005 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 48:02 |
| Label | Grit Records |
| Producer | Soul Supreme
Statik Selektah
Floyd the Locsmif
Vanguard |
| O.C. chronology | |
| *Bon Appetit*
(2001) ***Starchild***
(2005) *Smoke and Mirrors*
(2005) | |


title: Nizamuddin Ahmad

abstract: Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad Bakshi was a Muslim historian of late medieval India. He was son of Muhammad Muqim-i-Harawi. He was Akbar's Mir Bakhshi. His work, the Tabaqat-i-Akbari, is a comprehensive work on general history covering the time from the Ghaznavids (986-7) up to the 38th year of Akbar's reign. The author quoted twenty-nine authorities in his work, some of which are entirely lost to us now.

text:
# Nizamuddin Ahmad

**Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad Bakshi** (also spelled as **Nizam ad-Din Ahmad** and **Nizam al-Din Ahmad**) (born 1551, died 1621/1030 AH) was a Muslim historian of late medieval India. He was son of Muhammad Muqim-i-Harawi. He was Akbar's *Mir Bakhshi*. His work, the *Tabaqat-i-Akbari*, is a comprehensive work on general history covering the time from the Ghaznavids (986-7) up to the 38th year of Akbar's reign (1593-4/1002 AH). The author quoted twenty-nine authorities in his work, some of which are entirely lost to us now.

* Brajendranath De; Baini Prashad (eds.) *The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of K̲h̲wājah Nizāmuddīn Ahmad : a history of India from the early Musalman invasions to the thirty-sixth year of the reign of Akbar* by Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Muqīm; Calcutta : Asiatic Society, 1927, 1973 (3 vols.)
* Nizamuddin Ahmad, Khwajah. *The ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī*. Edited by Brajendranath De and M. Hidayat Hosein. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1931–35. Translated by B. De. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1927–39.

## InfoBox

| Nizamuddin Ahmad | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1551 CE |
| Died | 1621 CE |
| Occupation(s) | Historian, Mir Bakhshi |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Era | Late Medieval India |
| Main interests | General history, Islamic history |
| Notable works | *Tabaqat-i-Akbari* |
|  | |


title: The Very Best of the Dramatics

abstract: The Very Best of The Dramatics is a compilation album by American soul vocal group The Dramatics released on Concord Records. The album is part of Stax's Very Best Series. Allmusic review by Al Campbell says: "This 2007 compilation is slightly superior than the 1976 version Best of the Dramatics, also on Stax, due to overall improved sound quality and the addition of the tracks "Your Love Was Strange" from 1969 and their last R&B charted single "Bridge Over Troubled Water" from the late '80s."

text:
# The Very Best of the Dramatics

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***The Very Best of The Dramatics*** is a compilation album by American soul vocal group The Dramatics released on Concord Records. The album is part of Stax's Very Best Series.

Allmusic review by Al Campbell says: "This 2007 compilation is slightly superior than the 1976 version Best of the Dramatics, also on Stax, due to overall improved sound quality and the addition of the tracks "Your Love Was Strange" from 1969 and their last R&B charted single "Bridge Over Troubled Water" from the late '80s."

## Track listing

1. "Your Love Was Strange" - 3:00
2. "Whatcha See Is Whatcha Get" - 3:36
3. "Get Up and Get Down" - 3:10
4. "In The Rain" - 3:29
5. "Toast to The Fool" - 4:17
6. "The Devil is Dope" - 5:22
7. "Hey You! Get Off My Mountain" - 3:29
8. "Fell for You" - 3:15
9. "And I Panicked" - 3:34
10. "Highway to Heaven" - 3:55
11. "Bridge Over Troubled Water" - 5:13
12. "Thank You for Your Love" - 4:24
13. "Gimme Some (Good Soul Music)" -2:32
14. "Fall in Love, Lady Love" - 3:34
15. "You Could Become The Very Heart of Me" - 2:42
16. "Beware of the Man (With The Candy in His Hand)" - 2:45
17. "I Dedicate My Life to You" - 3:32
18. "I Made Myself Lonely" - 3:49

## InfoBox

| The Very Best of The Dramatics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by The Dramatics | |
| Released | July 17, 2007 |
| Recorded | 1969–1974, 1989 |
| Genre | R&B, Southern soul |
| Length | 1:06:16 |
| Label | Stax <br>STXCD-30304 |
| Producer | Rob Bowman |


title: The Adventures of Letterman

abstract: The Adventures of Letterman is a series of animated shorts that was a regular feature on the 1970s PBS educational television series The Electric Company. A superhero spoof created by Mike Thaler, it debuted during the show's second season. Each episode was animated by John Hubley and Faith Hubley and pit the title character, voiced by Gene Wilder, against the "Spell Binder", voiced by Zero Mostel, with Joan Rivers as the narrator. Plots revolve around Spell Binder causing trouble by changing the letter of a word so means something completely different, then Letterman restoring it. Sixty segments were produced from 1972 to 1976.

text:
# The Adventures of Letterman

**The Adventures of Letterman** is a series of animated shorts that was a regular feature on the 1970s PBS educational television series The Electric Company. A superhero spoof created by Mike Thaler, it debuted during the show's second season. Each episode was animated by John Hubley and Faith Hubley and pit the title character, voiced by Gene Wilder, against the "Spell Binder", voiced by Zero Mostel, with Joan Rivers as the narrator. Plots revolve around Spell Binder causing trouble by changing the letter of a word so means something completely different, then Letterman restoring it. Sixty segments were produced from 1972 to 1976.

## Plot

In each episode, Joan Rivers narrates the introduction:

> *Faster than a rolling "O"* (running past a big red "O")
> *Stronger than silent "E"* (removing the "e" at the end of "tube")
> *Able to leap capital "T" in a single bound!* (a sign for Tessie's Diner resembling the "T")
> *It's a word, it’s a plan...it's Letterman!*

Then the narrator describes a simple, everyday situation. The Spell Binder expresses disgust at what is occurring and uses his magic wand to change a key letter in a word causing havoc. For example, in one episode a group of people who are enjoying custard have it suddenly become mustard, causing them to turn red and feel burning in their mouths. Spell Binder then revels in his fun.

After the narrator expresses despair at the situation, Letterman—having observed the situation from afar—jumps into action. He replaces the incorrect letter with a more appropriate one that was conveniently placed on his varsity sweater (the narrator would say, for example, "Ripping a 'c' from his varsity sweater..."), after which time the situation was resolved and things went back to normal. Spell Binder expressed disgust and frustration that Letterman once again foiled his fun ("Curses" or some similar line), while Letterman was sometimes invited to join with the people he helped in whatever they were doing.

Sometimes three different words ("watch," "witch," and "itch") would be involved, with Letterman solving the problem created by Spell Binder's mischief by changing the operative word to a third alternative, rather than reinstating the original word.

## Characters

## Episodes

### Regular Episodes

1. The Corniest Concert – (horn, corn, horn)
2. Hands Full – (school bus, octopus, platypus)
3. In a Pickle – (pickle, tickle, pickle)
4. All Washed Up – (tub, tube, tub)
5. A Jarring Experience – (car, jar, car)
6. The Broken Bridge – (bridge, ridge, bridge)
7. Woman Bites Bear – (pear, bear, pear)
8. Monkey Business – (bassoon, baboon, balloon)
9. Sticky Finances – (money, honey, baloney)
10. Singing in the Train – (train, rain, train)
11. The Great Escape – (jail, pail)
12. The Roar of Rage – (cage, age, rage, age, cage)
13. Travels with an Ant – (ant, giant, ant)
14. A Mouse in the House – (mouse, moose, loose)
15. A Rolling Bun Gather No Seeds – (sun, bun, sun)
16. Bigger than Life – (flower, shower, tower)
17. His Just Desserts – (dessert, desert, dessert)
18. What a Dragon – (wagon, dragon, wagon)
19. In the Ink – (sink, ink, sink)
20. Dancing in the Dark – (light, night, light)
21. Custard's Last Stand – (custard, mustard, custard)
22. A Snake in the Grass – (rake, snake, cake)
23. Having a Ball – (gown, clown, crown)
24. Making Time Fly – (watch, witch, itch)
25. A Jolting Experience – (light, lightning, lightning rod)
26. Don't Toy With Me – (boy, toy, boy)
27. Going Ape – (grapes, apes, capes)
28. Far Out – (bars, stars, cigars, stars)
29. A Weighty Problem - (weight, freight, eight)
30. The Wigged Out Lady - (wig, pig, wig)
31. The Plummeting Plant - (plane, plant, plane)
32. \- (car, cart, dart, tart)
33. Putting On Airs – (chair, air, hair)
34. Bookworms (shelves, elves, shelves)
35. The Lady and the Beagle – (beagle, eagle, beagle)
36. Getting Her Goat – (coat, goat, coat)
37. Town in a Jam – (dam, jam, dam)
38. Here Comes the Fudge – (judge, fudge, judge)
39. Putting His Foot In It – (feat, feet, feat)
40. A Shattering Experience – (class, glass, class)
41. \- (box, ox, box)
42. A Bum Steer – (cow, plow, sow)
43. A Clean Sweep – (groom, broom, groom)
44. \- (heels, wheels, heels, eels, heels)
45. (boat, coat, boat)
46. (soup, soap, soup)
47. (waiter, water, waiter)
48. Cool It – (nice, ice, nice)
49. Gone With the Wind – (win, wind, win)
50. Mighty Casey at the Bat – (batter, butter, batter)

### Special Episodes

Though nearly all episodes of the segment were stand-alone stories that followed the same general story line, there were some exceptions. One episode functioned as an origin story, portraying Letterman's childhood and growing up. The most notable episodes were the ones where Letterman himself, rather than some innocent victim(s), was the target of Spellbinder's torment. Examples are:

1. In the Beginning – (ball, wall, ball)
2. Silver Threads Among the Bold – (bold, old, bold) - The narrator declares Letterman to be our "bold" hero. Spellbinder removes the "b", leaving "old" and turning Letterman into an aged version of himself. The Spellbinder taunts the aged Letterman, but drops the "b" in the process; Letterman picks it up and re-adds it to the word to change it back to "bold", restoring him to his youthful condition.
3. \- (hero, zero, hero)
4. Betterman OR It's Hard to Keep A Good Man Down - (Letterman, wetterman, betterman) – Spellbinder changes the "L" in "Letterman" to a "w" ("wetterman"), causing Letterman to struggle in a pool to keep from drowning. Letterman is somehow able to find a "b" and replace the "w" to make "Betterman" ("better man than he was before").
5. A Branch Office - (good, wood, good) - Letterman declares he feels "good". Spellbinder changes the "g" to a "w" for "wood", turning Letterman into a talking tree. Spellbinder then proceeds to get a drill to try to drill holes in Letterman. Before Spellbinder returns, Letterman is able to convince a small bird to take a "g" from his front and replace the "w", thereby turning him back into the "feeling-good" Letterman, just in time as Spellbinder attempts to drill into him. The drill breaks and engulfs Spellbinder in the twisted metal.
6. Small Talk - (trunk, junk, shrunk, hunk) – Spell Binder sneaks into Letterman's home in order to exact revenge for being foiled, time and time again. He spies upon Letterman, who happens to be packing away all of his letters into a trunk as he prepares to go on vacation. Spell Binder changes the "trunk" into "junk," then proceeds to shrink Letterman down to six inches tall by changing "junk" into "shrunk." However, Letterman takes action and removes the "s" and "r," changing "shrunk" into "hunk," which restores his college-football-player physique. Letterman defeats Spell Binder by bending his wand, rendering it useless and setting Spell Binder to breaking down and sobbing hysterically.
7. A Friend In Need – (fiend, friend) - a re-composed Spell Binder has been placed behind bars. The narrator of the episode declares, "This looks like the end of a *fiend,*" which inspires Spell Binder to use his bent wand as a letter "r" to change "fiend" into "friend." A strange-looking monster appears and the narrator exclaims, "I didn't know he had any friends!" to which Spell Binder answers back: "We went to school together." The monster bends the bars of Spell Binder's prison cell, allowing him to slip out and escape.

## Parodies

Letterman was parodied as the live-action *Litterman* during the sixth season of *The Electric Company*. In the lone segment, the Spoil Binder changes a woman sitting on a park bench ("sitter") into a pile of garbage ("litter"). After the litter begins reeking, Litterman arrives to correct the situation.

In that one-time parody skit, Jim Boyd played the Spoil Binder and Skip Hinnant played Litterman.

## Criticism

Jack Shaheen, Professor Emeritus of Mass Communication at Southern Illinois University, criticized the Spell Binder as a negative racial stereotype "who resembles those turbaned Arabs in the escapist *Arabian Nights* films of the fifties and sixties." Shaheen finds these segments discontinuous with Sesame Workshop's realistic portrayals of other minorities.


abstract: "The Way It Used to Be" is a song recorded by Engelbert Humperdinck, which was released on the album Engelbert and as a single in 1969. It is an English language adaptation of the Italian language song "Melodia", which was originally released by Isabella Iannetti in 1968. The song was a top ten hit in multiple countries, and spent 14 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No. 3, while reaching No. 1 in Flanders and Singapore, No. 3 in Malaysia, No. 5 in Yugoslavia, No. 6 on the Irish Singles Chart, No. 7 on Norway's VG-lista, No. 7 in Wallonia, and No. 9 in South Africa. The song was a hit in other nations as well. In the United States, the song spent 11 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 42, while reaching No. 4 on Billboard's Easy Listening chart. The song was ranked No. 26 on Billboard's year-end ranking of 1969's "Top Easy Listening Singles".

text:
# The Way It Used to Be (Engelbert Humperdinck song)

"**The Way It Used to Be**" is a song recorded by Engelbert Humperdinck, which was released on the album *Engelbert* and as a single in 1969. It is an English language adaptation of the Italian language song "Melodia", which was originally released by Isabella Iannetti in 1968.

The song was a top ten hit in multiple countries, and spent 14 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No. 3, while reaching No. 1 in Flanders and Singapore, No. 3 in Malaysia, No. 5 in Yugoslavia, No. 6 on the Irish Singles Chart, No. 7 on Norway's *VG-*lista, No. 7 in Wallonia, and No. 9 in South Africa. The song was a hit in other nations as well.

In the United States, the song spent 11 weeks on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 42, while reaching No. 4 on *Billboard*'s Easy Listening chart. The song was ranked No. 26 on *Billboard*'s year-end ranking of 1969's "Top Easy Listening Singles".

## Chart performance

| Chart (1969) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada - *RPM* 100 | 18 |
| Canada - *RPM* Adult contemporary | 4 |
| Flanders | 1 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 6 |
| Malaysia (Radio Malaysia) | 3 |
| Netherlands (Parool Top 20) | 19 |
| Netherlands (Veronica Top 40) | 21 |
| *New Zealand Listener* | 18 |
| Norway (*VG-*lista) | 7 |
| Singapore (Radio Singapore) | 1 |
| South Africa (Springbok Radio) | 9 |
| UK Singles Chart | 3 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 42 |
| US *Billboard* Easy Listening | 4 |
| US *Cash Box* Top 100 | 26 |
| US *Record World* 100 Top Pops | 24 |
| US *Record World* Top Non-Rock | 4 |
| US *Record World* Juke Box Top 25 | 8 |
| Wallonia | 7 |
| Yugoslavia (*Novi Džuboks*) | 5 |

## Other versions

* An instrumental version was released by Bert Kaempfert & His Orchestra, on his 1969 album *Traces of Love*.
* Fredi released a Finnish language adaptation titled "Se päivä tulee kerran" in 1969, which reached No. 2 in Finland.
* Jimmy Fontana released a version of "Melodia" in 1969, which bubbled under the top 50 in Wallonia.
* Milyo Naryo released a Tagalog language adaptation titled "Naka-Table Na Kita".

## InfoBox

| "The Way It Used to Be" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Engelbert Humperdinck | |
| from the album  *Engelbert* | |
| B-side | "A Good Thing Going" |
| Released | 1969 |
| Genre | Traditional pop |
| Length | 3:09 |
| Label | Decca (UK)
Parrot (US) |
| Songwriter(s) | **Music**: Corrado Conti & Franco Cassano
**English lyrics**: Roger Cook & Roger Greenaway
**Italian lyrics**: Gianni Argenio |
| Producer(s) | Peter Sullivan |
| Engelbert Humperdinck singles chronology | |
| "Les Bicyclettes de Belsize"
(1968) "**The Way It Used to Be**"
(1969) "I'm a Better Man (For Having Loved You)"
(1969) | |


abstract: Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms is a 2021 American direct-to-video adult animated martial arts film, directed by Ethan Spaulding from a screenplay by Jeremy Adams, based on the Mortal Kombat franchise created by Ed Boon and John Tobias, it is the second installment in the Legends series and a direct sequel to Mortal Kombat Legends: Scorpion's Revenge (2020). Produced by Warner Bros. Animation and animated by Studio Mir, Boon returned from the predecessor as creative consultant. Battle of the Realms borrows source materials from several series games and revolves around the otherworldly Mortal Kombat tournament set in Outworld. Liu Kang is chosen to fulfill his destiny as a tournament champion while Scorpion sets out to prevent the Kamidogu artifact from falling into the hands of Shinnok as he comes into conflict with the younger Sub-Zero. The film was released on August 31, 2021, digitally and on Blu-ray, and received mixed to negative reviews from critics. The third film in the series, Mortal Kombat Legends: Snow Blind, was released on October 11, 2022.

text:
# Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms

***Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms*** is a 2021 American direct-to-video adult animated martial arts film, directed by Ethan Spaulding from a screenplay by Jeremy Adams, based on the *Mortal Kombat* franchise created by Ed Boon and John Tobias, it is the second installment in the *Legends* series and a direct sequel to *Mortal Kombat Legends: Scorpion's Revenge* (2020). Produced by Warner Bros. Animation and animated by Studio Mir, Boon returned from the predecessor as creative consultant.

*Battle of the Realms* borrows source materials from several series games and revolves around the otherworldly Mortal Kombat tournament set in Outworld. Liu Kang is chosen to fulfill his destiny as a tournament champion while Scorpion sets out to prevent the Kamidogu artifact from falling into the hands of Shinnok as he comes into conflict with the younger Sub-Zero. The film was released on August 31, 2021, digitally and on Blu-ray, and received mixed to negative reviews from critics.

The third film in the series, *Mortal Kombat Legends: Snow Blind*, was released on October 11, 2022.

## Plot

Following the events of the previous Mortal Kombat tournament, Shao Kahn declares war on Earthrealm in retaliation for Shang Tsung's defeat through a new Mortal Kombat tournament set in Outworld. Princess Kitana, Kintaro, General Reiko, and Jade lead the Emperor's first wave invasion force of Outworld warriors and Netherrealm demons, laying siege against the Wu Shi monastery, but are repelled by Kung Lao and Special Forces cybernetically enhanced Jackson Briggs and NYPD officer Kurtis Stryker. At the onset of their assault, the Outworld commanders are confronted by movie star Johnny Cage and Jax's partner Sonya Blade.

When Johnny and Sonya are soon joined by Liu Kang and Raiden as negotiations fail, Shao Kahn appears himself, petitioning Raiden to participate in a final Mortal Kombat tournament to permanently decide Earthrealm's fate. The thunder god agrees, and he and Shao Kahn venture to the realm of the Elder Gods to propose this ultimate contest.

Meanwhile, Scorpion reawakens back in the Netherrealm. He is confronted by the enraged Elder God Shinnok over the death of his favored servant Quan Chi. The Netherrealm lord engineers Scorpion's entrance into Earthrealm to utilize the key embedded in his body to find the final piece of his puzzle, anonymously hiring the Lin Kuei clan in tracking him down to claim his prize. Back in Earthrealm, Lin Kuei members Kuai Liang and Smoke are summoned by the grandmaster to participate in said request. But are horrified to witness missing peers they would questioned the whereabouts of prior to their urged presence having undergone cybernetic biomodifications as a means to strengthen the clan, with the juniors expected to do the same. Liang and Smoke rebel, with Liang being the only one to flee successfully. Liang then adopts his deceased brother's codename, Sub-Zero.

Back at the Wu Shi Temple, Raiden returns to his troops after arranging to hold and participate in the tournament while relinquishing his immortality. Once the Earthrealm warriors head for Outworld, Scorpion makes his presence known to Raiden. He mentions the key to Shinnok's prison has bonded to his soul and came to Raiden for advice about its purpose. Raiden informs him that it is a key to untold power known as the Kamidogu, a supreme magical relic from a bygone era that could doom all the realms.

At the start of the tournament, Cage is defeated by Kytinn warrior D'Vorah; Sonya defeats D'Vorah and Li Mei; Kang defeats Jade; Stryker defeats Baraka; Jax defeats Kintaro by ripping his arms out of their sockets.

Back on Earth, Scorpion is being pursued by Cyrax and Sektor in a dockside shipping yard. The trio is soon interrupted by Sub-Zero, but even he is outmatched by their superior enhancements and the arrival of the cybernetic Smoke. With their enemies overwhelmed, the three cyber Lin Kuei apprehend their Hellspawn prey and make off to the Temple of Elements. At their destination, they force Hanzo to open their designated portal. As they prepare to eliminate him upon accessing its gateway, they are interrupted again by a vengeful Sub-Zero. Scorpion fails to console Kuai Liang over mistakenly murdering his brother but agrees to a temporary alliance against Sub-Zero's clan. Despite their efforts, the Lin Kuei retrieve the Kamidogu, leaving the pair for dead when the mountain crumbles on top of them.

As the second half of the final tournament is underway, Lao and Stryker are killed by Shao Kahn and Shang Tsung, respectively. Kitana rebels against her stepfather instead of fighting against Raiden, only to be beaten into submission. Kang defeats Shang Tsung regardless of a setback and spares him.

In the Netherrealm, the Lin Kuei realize too late that their employer was Shinnok as they learn of his plan to revive the One Being and bring an end to all of creation. Subsequently, they are betrayed and killed for their services.

During the tournament's final stage, Raiden dies while losing his battle against Shao Kahn, enraging Kang to defeat the emperor and win the tournament. However, celebrations are cut short as Shinnok finally succeeds in resurrecting the One Being and fusing himself. With the aid of the Elder Gods, Sub-Zero, Scorpion, and Liu Kang engage in a fight and kill Shinnok while Johnny, Jax, Kitana, and Sonya protect civilians from Kahn's remaining army.

In the aftermath, Kang absorbs the One Being's power and reverts the realms into their original state, including Edenia. Sonya and Johnny share a kiss while Liu and Kitana hold hands in hard-earned peace, unaware that Raiden is revived with his immortality.

## Voice cast

## Production

### Development

Following the release of *Scorpion's Revenge* in April 2020, screenwriter Jeremy Adams expressed interest in doing a sequel. In June 2021, a sequel was announced, with most of the cast and crew from the previous film now set to return. On the day before the film's release, a Warner Bros. Animation logo variant featuring Shaggy Rogers from *Scooby-Doo* strangling Scorpion was uploaded onto the internet, inspired by the "Ultra Instinct Shaggy" internet meme, as a follow-up to the previous film's logo variant featuring Scorpion strangling Daffy Duck in place of Porky Pig.

### Casting

Matthew Mercer reprised his role as Stryker from the 2011 video game. Dave B. Mitchell reprised his role as Sektor from *Mortal Kombat 11*, and Matthew Yang King, who voiced both Liu Kang and Fujin in *Mortal Kombat 11*, voiced Kung Lao in the film.

## Release

### Home media

The film earned $1,652,738 from domestic Blu-ray sales.

## Reception

*Battle of the Realms* holds a 50% rating with six reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, and has received mixed to negative critical reception. Mitchell Saltzman of IGN rated the film a five out of ten, calling it "a swing and a whiff" in that it "feels all over the place, attempting to tell too many stories at once and not doing any of them justice." Luke Y. Thompson of *SuperHeroHype* called the plot "wildly inconsistent" and that it "mostly serves as the thinnest of devices to get to the next fight." *Den of Geek* called the film "a narrative mess ... an incredibly busy movie that has too much going on to the point that there are two completely separate storylines happening at the same time that only briefly connect but ultimately converge in a bonkers and completely tacked on finale." However, Tanner Dedmon of ComicBook.com wrote that the film "wastes no time getting to the action" and "doubles down on things like x-rayed blows and key catchphrases that honor the source material and give characters their big moments without being too distracting."

## InfoBox

| Mortal Kombat Legends: Battle of the Realms | |
| --- | --- |
| Official DVD/Blu-ray cover | |
| Directed by | Ethan Spaulding |
| Screenplay by | Jeremy Adams |
| Based on | *Mortal Kombat*
by |
| Produced by | * Rick Morales * Jim Krieg |
| Starring |  |
| Edited by | Robert Ehrenreich |
| Music by | * John Jennings Boyd * Eric V. Hachikian |
| Production
companies |  |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. Home Entertainment |
| Release date | * August 31, 2021 (2021-08-31) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Starchaser Industries

abstract: Starchaser Industries is a privately-owned space tourism company based in the UK. Formed in 1992, the company designed and built several prototype rocket systems for space tourism vehicles. Starchaser's rocket NOVA 1 launched in 2001 from Morecambe Bay. The vehicle holds the UK record for the biggest successful rocket launch fired from the British mainland. Starchaser operate an Educational Outreach Programme that aims to take areas of physics and chemistry and explain their use in rocket building.

text:
# Starchaser Industries

**Starchaser Industries** is a privately-owned space tourism company based in the UK. Formed in 1992, the company designed and built several prototype rocket systems for space tourism vehicles. Starchaser's rocket NOVA 1 launched in 2001 from Morecambe Bay. The vehicle holds the UK record for the biggest successful rocket launch fired from the British mainland. Starchaser operate an Educational Outreach Programme that aims to take areas of physics and chemistry and explain their use in rocket building.

## History

The creator of Starchaser Foundation, Steve Bennett of Dukinfield was a laboratory technician at Colgate. Later, Steve taught at the University of Salford as a part-time lecturer of Space Physics. Colgate initially sponsored his project and was later aided by Salford University. The Starchaser Foundation was created in March 1996. The company was sponsored by Tate & Lyle as the first rockets were powered by sugar.

In December 1998 the foundation become a private limited company known as Starchaser Industries. Engines were tested in 1999 at the Altcar Rifle Range in Merseyside. It moved to new premises in Hyde in January 2001. The company was sponsored by Microsoft and the Discovery Channel and it employed twelve people.

On 22 November 2001, Starchaser 4 was launched from Morecambe Bay as a full-scale, non-space test of its rocket systems. The rocket flew below 10,000 feet to comply with UK Civil Aviation Authority rules. Starchaser 4 flew to a height of approximately 5,538 feet before parachuting down into the bay. In 2001 Starchaser 4 was the biggest rocket ever fired from the UK mainland. The rocket was originally intended to be reusable but was damaged on landing.

In 2002 work began on NOVA 2 the progenitor rocket system to Starchaser's intended Space tourism Vehicle Thunderstar. The aim of this mission was to focus on the capsule and life-supporting systems of the rocket. In 2004 there were successful tests of the NOVA 2 capsule's landing gear to investigate methods of recovery of the capsule from land. On 1 July 2008, the 57-foot Nova 2 was unveiled to the public and toured around the UK. As of June 2022, the NOVA 2 still remains unlaunched.

## Crewed spaceflight

In June 2001, the company unveiled the 33 foot Nova crewed rocket in which it planned to provide single, crewed spaceflight by 2003 with plans for another rocket called the *Thunderstar* launching from New Mexico in 2005. None of these plans came to fruition.

Starchaser hoped to launch crewed missions from the UK but due to the UK CAA flight restrictions, Starchaser ultimately decided on the purchase of 25 acres of land with buildings at Spaceport America in Las Cruces, New Mexico, next to the White Sands Missile Range. As of June 2022, these plans seem to have been abandoned.

In 2006, the uncrewed *Skybolt* rocket was unveiled. Since being unveiled, the rocket has been touring schools in the UK in order to generate funds for the company.

## Rockets

Below is a list of key rocket tests Starchaser has undertaken as well as their outcome.

### Launched Rockets

| Rocket | Date and
time (UTC) | Launch site | Mission
outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Starchaser 1 | 1 November 1993 | Bickerton, Cheshire | Failure |
| | Flew to 2,400 feet, where its parachutes failed to open and ended in a crash. | | | |
| Starchaser 1A | 23 May 1995 | Sarn, Wales | Success |
| | An upgraded Starchaser 1 rocket and fully completed its objectives. Recovered by parachute. | | | |
| Starchaser 2 | 2 February 1996 | Otterburn, Northumberland | Success |
| | This was then the largest civilian rocket ever launched in Europe, and reached 1,890 feet; below the 3,000 feet planned. It was powered by sugar and sponsored by Tate & Lyle.
The rocket operated as intended. | | | |
| LEXX (Starchaser 3) | 7 February 1997 | Otterburn, Nothumberland | Success |
| | Starchaser 3 was sponsored by Pearson New Entertainment to promote their "Lexx" science fiction series. LEXX reached an altitude of 15,673 feet and became the first Starchaser rocket to break the sound barrier. Unfortunately, contact with the rocket was lost. It is suspected that the rocket was swept away by strong winds. | | | |
| Starchaser 3 | 20 March 1998 | Okehampton, Devon | Failure |
| | A rocket motor misfired shortly after launch and the rocket impacted the ground shortly after takeoff, starting off a large fire. | | | |
| TEMPEST | 5 March 1999 | Altcar, Mersyside | Success |
| | Tempest became the first Starchaser rocket to have a marine recovery. Successful launch. | | | |
| Starchaser 3a | 20 August 1999 | Cartmel Wharf, Morecambe Bay | Success |
| | A height of 22 feet and reached an altitude of 20,000 feet with nine rocket motors; this was in close co-operation with the University of Salford. Generated over 4 tonnes of thrust. | | | |
| Sharp 1 | 2 May 2000 | Morecambe Bay | Success |
| | Flown to a height of over 18,000 feet and had nearly 5 seconds of supersonic flight. Recovered safely. | | | |
| Discovery | 6 July 2000 | Morecambe Bay | Success |
| | The world's first privately funded fully re-usable two stage research rocket. Sponsorship for this rocket came from The Discovery Channel. Flew to a maximum altitude of 19,000 feet and was recovered safely. | | | |
| Starchaser 4
'NOVA' | 22 November 2001 | Morecambe Bay | Success |
| | The sole test flight reached about 5,000 feet; it is the largest rocket launched from British soil. | | | |
| SHARP 4 | 14 April 2002 | Morecambe Bay | Success |
| |  | | | |  |
| SHARP 5 | 14 April 2002 | Morecambe Bay | Success |
| |  | | | |  |
| TEMPEST 4 | 21 September 2015 | Capesthorne Hall, Cheshire | Success |
| | Instrumentation provided by the University of Chester, University of Sheffield and the University of Manchester. | | | |  |
| Skybolt 2 | 11 September 2017 | Otterburn, Nothumberland | Success |
| | Reached 4,000 feet, met all objectives. | | | |

### Unlaunched Rockets

* **Skybolt** – Unveiled on 28 September 2006 at the University of Salford, this scale model of the space tourism vehicle was originally intended to be an intermediate test vehicle also capable of being used as a reusable sounding rocket. The Storm engine has test fired on two separate occasions, but the rocket has never been launched, and now tours with Starchaser's educational outreach team.

## Education

The company operate an Educational Outreach Programme called SPACE4SCHOOLS, for schools and other similar entities in the UK. Using real examples of rockets and scientific principles, the programme aims to excite and inspire pupils to get interested in Science and Engineering. Some of the main purposes of the program is to engage students in activities where they can design and modify their own science experiments. The purpose of these activities is to help pupils develop their research abilities, to collect data and verify their hypothesis.

The outreach side of Starchaser contributes extensively to their much-needed funding. From 2005 onwards, due to the amount of money needed to continue research and development on the rockets increasing rapidly, the tour of schools became a more important part of the company. The Skybolt 2 rocket which was successfully launched on 11 September 2017 toured thousands of schools.

## Sponsorship

Over the years of its existence, Starchaser Industries has been co-operating with many companies and institutions, including:

* WEST System: Supplier of Epoxy, the primary material of all Rockets launched by Starchaser Industries

* HMG Paints Limited: Provided the Paint for the Starchaser 4 'NOVA' and the SHARP Series of rockets

* Dabs.com: Various Computer Hardware

In 2002 Steven Bennet took legal action against the BBC corporately (and Dr David Whitehouse, the BBC's award-winning science correspondent, personally. Such personal action was not legally required.) in response to a critical article written by Whitehouse. Bennet claimed that the article contained a number of errors and false allegations. The BBC defended its article robustly pointing out the absurdities of many of Mr Bennett's claims. Just before the trial, scheduled for July 2003 Starchaser backed down and said they would withdraw their case if the BBC agreed to pay Starchaser's costs. The BBC was prepared to go to court, especially given Starchaser's lack of confidence in their case, but in the interests of saving licence fee payer's money agreed to pay Starchaser's costs. The BBC did not issue Starchaser with an apology and continues to stand by its article, recently noting that 18 years after the original article Starchaser are no closer to getting into space.

In 2014, it became known that a bookkeeper which had worked six years for the company had committed fraud by forging hundreds of money transfers to suppliers that never happened, diverting the funds to their own bank account. A total of £167,000 was stolen from the company. The crime was finally discovered when Starchaser Industries received debt letters from their landlords concerning money she allegedly had paid.

### News items

### Video clips

StarChaser Industries (In 2016) CEO, Steve Bennet, said: “We will be sending people into orbit in 2021.” This is not yet true, BUT they are close to sending humans into a sub-orbital place in space. With someone paying around £250,000-£270,000 for a window seat and another person paying around £96,000 for another seat on the rocket.

## InfoBox

Starchaser Industries Ltd
|
|  |
| Formation | 1998 |
| Legal status | Private company |
| Purpose | Commercial Space Access/ Space Tourism and Educational Outreach |
| Location | * Unit 7, Hyde Point, Dunkirk Lane, Hyde, Greater Manchester, SK14 4NL |
| Region served | UK |
| Chief Executive | Steve Bennett |
| Website | Starchaser Industries |


title: Horizon Air Summer Series

abstract: The Horizon Air Summer Series was a unique 11-week baseball competition among collegiate summer baseball clubs.

text:
# Horizon Air Summer Series

The **Horizon Air Summer Series** was a unique 11-week baseball competition among collegiate summer baseball clubs.

## History

The Summer Series was founded in 2005 by Bob Bavasi, former owner of the Everett Aqua Sox, of the Northwest League. It is sponsored by Alaska Airlines' sister company, Horizon Air. It is hosted by the Marysville Gold Sox of Marysville, California.

Among other leagues, teams from the Alaska Baseball League, West Coast League, Pacific International League, Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association, Sierra Baseball League, and California Collegiate League have competed in the series.

The series was originally made up of two divisions: The 40-game "McCullough Division" and the 20-game "Engelken Division". In 2008 the series was expanded with the addition of a third division, the "Bavasi Division", named after the series founder's father and former Brooklyn Dodger and Los Angeles Dodger General Manager Emil "Buzzie" Bavasi.

The Horizon Air Summer Series ceased after the 2013 season. It has since been replaced by the Sierra Central/Montna Farms Summer Series (now known as just the Montna Farms Summer Series, again hosted by the Gold Sox.

## Divisions & teams

The series teams are divided up into three divisions.

**Don McCullough Division (40 games)**

**Gary Engelken Division (24 games)**

**Buzzie Bavasi Division (24 games)**

## Champions

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

Horizon Air Summer Series
| Horizon Air Summer Series | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Baseball |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Ceased | 2013 |
| No. of teams | 15 |
| Country | United States |
| Last<br>champion(s) | Seattle Studs |
| Official website | Official Website |


title: Northwood, Isle of Wight

abstract: Northwood is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. It lies south of the town of Cowes and has been occupied for about 1000 years. The Church of St. John the Baptist in Northwood, was first built between the 11th and 13th centuries. There is a primary school in Northwood which was first begun in 1855. Until 1990 it still featured an outside toilet. The main form of transport is Southern Vectis bus route 1, which runs every 7–8 minutes in the daytime to Cowes and Newport, along the main road. Local bus service route 32 is provided by the setting up of a Joint Scheme involving Southern Vectis and the Parish Council mid-2011. Several changes to this route have occurred after Southern Vectis withdrew their 27 to Cowes and 28 to Newport.

text:
# Northwood, Isle of Wight

**Northwood** is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. It lies south of the town of Cowes and has been occupied for about 1000 years. The Church of St. John the Baptist in Northwood, was first built between the 11th and 13th centuries.

There is a primary school in Northwood which was first begun in 1855. Until 1990 it still featured an outside toilet.

The main form of transport is Southern Vectis bus route 1, which runs every 7–8 minutes in the daytime to Cowes and Newport, along the main road. Local bus service route 32 is provided by the setting up of a Joint Scheme involving Southern Vectis and the Parish Council mid-2011. Several changes to this route have occurred after Southern Vectis withdrew their 27 to Cowes and 28 to Newport.

1. "Civil Parish population 2011". Retrieved 19 October 2015.
2. *Some Glimpses of Northwood* Archived 6 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Anne Brooker, 2002.
3. "Route 1". Southern Vectis. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
4. "IW Council Steps In To Preserve Bus Routes". Isle of Wight Council (press release). Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2008.

## InfoBox

| Northwood | |
| --- | --- |
| Northwood Church | |
| NorthwoodLocation within the Isle of Wight | |
| Population | 2,311 (2011 Census including Egypt Point) |
| OS grid reference | SZ484940 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | COWES |
| Postcode district | PO31 |
| Dialling code | 01983 |
|  | |
| Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Ambulance | Isle of Wight |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: The Turn-Ons

abstract:
The Turn-ons are an alternative rock band formed in 1997 in Seattle, Washington. Current members are Travis DeVries, Corey Gutch, Will Hallauer, and Erik Blood.
The Turn-ons, have been performing in the Northwest, California and NY with bands like, Brian Jonestown Massacre, British Sea Power, and Ulrich Schnauss, and tirelessly writing and recording new material over the past 11 years. They caught the eye of REM's Peter Buck who described the band in his column for Q magazine, as "...simply my favourite new Seattle band. If I said that their sound was a combination of the Velvets, T. Rex and Spiritualized with a dash of Yo La Tengo, it wouldn't do them justice." The Turn-ons have released three full-length albums, The Turn-ons, East, Parallels and the EP Love Ruined Us. Their songs have appeared on soundtracks, ASCAP and Uncut samplers, and featured in SPIN magazine. On April 1, 2008, the Turn-ons released their 4th & 5th full-length albums, "Curse", and "The Darkest Light[out-takes, demos, & alternates]". Both albums are available for free to download from their web page, www.theturn-ons.com. In 2009 Travis DeVries moved to NYC to start his new band, deVries with Sean Gibbons, Brian Brennan, Martin Glazier and Jeremy Sampson. In November they released their debut album "Death to God".

text:
# The Turn-Ons

**The Turn-ons** are an alternative rock band formed in 1997 in Seattle, Washington. Current members are Travis DeVries, Corey Gutch, Will Hallauer, and Erik Blood. The Turn-ons, have been performing in the Northwest, California and NY with bands like, Brian Jonestown Massacre, British Sea Power, and Ulrich Schnauss, and tirelessly writing and recording new material over the past 11 years. They caught the eye of REM's Peter Buck who described the band in his column for Q magazine, as "...simply my favourite new Seattle band. If I said that their sound was a combination of the Velvets, T. Rex and Spiritualized with a dash of Yo La Tengo, it wouldn't do them justice."

The Turn-ons have released three full-length albums, The Turn-ons, East, Parallels and the EP Love Ruined Us. Their songs have appeared on soundtracks, ASCAP and Uncut samplers, and featured in SPIN magazine.

On April 1, 2008, the Turn-ons released their 4th & 5th full-length albums, "Curse", and "The Darkest Light\[out-takes, demos, & alternates\]". Both albums are available for free to download from their web page, www.theturn-ons.com.

In 2009 Travis DeVries moved to NYC to start his new band, deVries with Sean Gibbons, Brian Brennan, Martin Glazier and Jeremy Sampson. In November they released their debut album "Death to God".

## Discography

* The Turn-ons, 2000
* Love Ruined Us (EP), 2002
* East, 2004
* Parallels, 2006
* Curse, 2008
* The Darkest Light \[demos, out-takes, & alternates\], 2008


title: Rütavere

abstract: Rütavere is a village in Tori Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in 2017, the village was part of Sauga Parish.

text:
# Rütavere

**Rütavere**  is a village in Tori Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in 2017, the village was part of Sauga Parish.

58°26′N 24°43′E / 58.433°N 24.717°E / 58.433; 24.717

## InfoBox

| Rütavere | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Pärnu County |
| Parish | Tori Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


abstract: "The Way It Used to Be" is a song by Mike Posner. The song was released as promotional single in the United States on June 11, 2013 as a digital download. The song peaked at number 73 on the Australian Singles Chart.

text:
# The Way It Used to Be (Mike Posner song)

"**The Way It Used to Be**" is a song by Mike Posner. The song was released as promotional single in the United States on June 11, 2013 as a digital download. The song peaked at number 73 on the Australian Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "The Way It Used to Be" was first released onto YouTube on August 15, 2013 at a total length of four minutes and three seconds. It depicts Posner vying for the affection of an ex lover.

## Reception

Rose Lilah, writing for Hot New Hip Hop, called it a "fine addition" to Posner's body of work.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Way It Used to Be" | 4:06 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 73 |
| U.S. Pop Digital Songs (*Billboard*) | 35 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | June 11, 2013 | Digital download | RCA Records |
|

## InfoBox

| "The Way It Used to Be" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Promotional single by Mike Posner | |
| Released | June 11, 2013 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 4:06 |
| Label | RCA |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Martin Johnson * Ammo * Kyle Moorman |


title: Goran Grubesic

abstract: Goran Grubesic is a Swiss former footballer who played in the S.League, and the Canadian Professional Soccer League.

text:
# Goran Grubesic

**Goran Grubesic** is a Swiss former footballer who played in the S.League, and the Canadian Professional Soccer League.

## Club career

Grubesic played in the S.League in 1996 with Singapore Armed Forces FC. During his tenure with SAFFC he won the 1996 Pioneer Series. In 2003, he went abroad to play in the Canadian Professional Soccer League with Toronto Croatia. During his time with Croatia he assisted in clinching a postseason berth by finishing third in the Western Conference. In the postseason Croatia was eliminated from the competition after a defeat to the Brampton Hitmen.

## InfoBox

Goran Grubesic
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Switzerland | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996 | Singapore Armed Forces FC | 12 | (0) |
| 2003 | Toronto Croatia | 8 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Weapon effects simulation

abstract: Weapon Effects Simulation (WES) is the creation of artificial weapons effects such as flashes, bangs and smoke during military training exercises. It is used in combination with Tactical engagement simulation (TES), which uses laser projection for training purposes instead of bullets and missiles. Typically, an accurate laser "shot" hitting a target such as a tank, will trigger cartridge-based WES equipment fitted to the tank which will give a flash, bang and smoke, signifying a hit in the exercise scenario.

text:
# Weapon effects simulation

**Weapon Effects Simulation** (WES) is the creation of artificial weapons effects such as flashes, bangs and smoke during military training exercises. It is used in combination with Tactical engagement simulation (TES), which uses laser projection for training purposes instead of bullets and missiles. Typically, an accurate laser "shot" hitting a target such as a tank, will trigger cartridge-based WES equipment fitted to the tank which will give a flash, bang and smoke, signifying a hit in the exercise scenario.


title: Hony Estrella

abstract: Hony Smailyn Gregoria Hilario Estrella is a Dominican actress and presenter.

text:
# Hony Estrella

**Hony Smailyn Gregoria Hilario Estrella** (born January 1, 1984, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a Dominican actress and presenter.

## Early career

During her adolescence, Hony began her career as an announcer on several Dominican FM stations such as Rumba FM, Cadena Espacial, Neón and Viva FM (now Fidelity). She entered television as voiceover of El Despeine, a youth TV program broadcast by Mango TV. There, in 2002 as co-anchor Ventures in Video Hits, a program of music videos.

Her public profile was revitalized when joined with **Jochy Santos**, one of the most widely known of the Dominican Republic. This includes being co-presenter on El Mismo Golpe con Jochy and Divertido con Jochy, respectively. Thereafter, Hony has been on several television and radio programs such as: Adolescentes en cadena, Contacto joven, Misión Iguazú, Perdone La Hora, Solo para mujeres, Radio Como Yo, Consultando con Ana Simó, Rumbo a los premios Casandra, among others.

In 2007, Hony was selected to lead the first two seasons of the reality show ¿Quién baila mejor?.

Hony credits as an actress include Evita, 85 Chevy, The song of the cicada, ¿Con Quien se Casará Mi Novia? (English: who will marry With My Girlfriend?), Mi amor o mi libertad, Condesa por Amor, Prohibido Seducir a los Casados, Cada Oveja con su Pareja, la versión dominicana de Mujeres asesinas, among others.

## Filmography

| Theater | TV | Cinema |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evita | Chevy 85 | Arrobá |
| El canto de la cigarra | Condesa por Amor | Mi angelito favorito |
| Cada Oveja con su Pareja | Mujeres asesinas | *All Men Are the Same* |
| ¿Con Quién se Casará mi Novia? |  |  |
| Mi amor o mi libertad |  |  |
| Prohíbido Seducir a los Casados |  |  |
| Gorditas |  |  |
| la Leyenda del Comodín |  |  |
| Adulterios |  |  |
| Steel Magnolias |  |  |

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Hony Estrella | |
| --- | --- |
| Hony Estrella in 2011. | |
| Born | (1984-01-01) January 1, 1984
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic |
| Nationality | Dominican |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Presenter |
| Years active | 1999 - present |
| Television | El Mismo Golpe con Jochy
Divertido con Jochy |


title: Toronto Metropolitan Students' Union

abstract: The Toronto Metropolitan Students' Union (TMSU) formerly known as the Ryerson Students' Union (RSU) is the current students' union that represents full-time undergraduate students at Toronto Metropolitan University,. All full-time students are required to be members and pay a levy. The money is used to fund student groups, events for students and campaigning.

text:
# Toronto Metropolitan Students' Union

The **Toronto Metropolitan Students' Union** (**TMSU**) formerly known as the **Ryerson Students' Union** (**RSU**) is the current students' union that represents full-time undergraduate students at Toronto Metropolitan University, (known until 2022 as Ryerson University). All full-time students are required to be members and pay a levy. The money is used to fund student groups, events for students and campaigning.

## Board

The board of directors set the direction and the executive manage the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Students elect 2 to 5 members from each faculty, depending on the size of the faculty, to the board, in addition to having ex-officio student representatives from the university's senate, student groups, course unions and residence.

## Equity Service Centres

The TMSU has eight Equity Service Centres: The Centre for Women & Trans People, The Good Food Centre, BIPOC Students' Collective, Access TMU, The Queer Space, Centre for Safer Sex & Sexual Violence Support, SHIFT Centre and the Trans Collective. These centres serve as a space for students from different marginalized backgrounds to come together and organize equity and social justice initiatives, events, and campaigns.

In 2010, the board of directors voted to change the name from "Community Service Groups" to "Equity Service Centres".

## Controversy

The RSU has been extensively criticized for its equity centre policies and for banning a men's issues student group on campus. In 2015, former RSU vice-president education Jesse Root was accused of deleting emails in violation of Ontario's privacy laws.

## Ram Ganesh misuse of funds controversy

On January 24, 2019, photos of credit card statements belonging to RSU President Ramganesh Ragupathy (Ram Ganesh) were obtained and published on Facebook by university political group Rhinoceros Party. The statements alleged frivolous spending by Ganesh of over $250,000, including transactions for alcohol, a casino, various bars and nightclubs, hotel rooms, and at a sporting goods store.

In response to ongoing turmoil at the union involving both the above scandal and an inability to renegotiate a new operating agreement, Toronto Metropolitan University terminated its 1986 operating agreement with the union and declared that it would no longer recognize the union as the official student government for full-time undergraduate and graduate students on campus. The courts ordered an injunction preventing the university from severing the agreement.

## InfoBox

Toronto Metropolitan Students' Union
| Institution | Toronto Metropolitan University |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Toronto, Ontario |
| Established | June 27, 1967 |
| President | Marina Gerges |
| Vice presidents | **Education:**
*vacant*
**Equity:**
Areesha Quereshi
**Operations:**
*vacant*
**Student Life & Events:**
Ozi Molokwu |
| Members | 35,000+ |
| Website | yourtmsu.ca |


title: Northwest Missourian

abstract: The Northwest Missourian is a bi-weekly student newspaper at Northwest Missouri State University in Maryville, Missouri. It is distributed every other Thursday, and covers both campus and community news and sporting events. Coverage includes Community News, University News, Community Sports, University Sports and Features. The Missourian is advised by Director of Student Publications Steven Chappell. The newspaper has won numerous awards, including the prestigious Pacemaker Award. The online version, www.nwmissourinews.com, is also a Pacemaker winner. In August 2024, the newspaper switched from being published weekly on Thursdays, to only having a printed edition bi-weekly.

text:
# Northwest Missourian

The ***Northwest Missourian*** is a bi-weekly student newspaper at Northwest Missouri State University in Maryville, Missouri.

It is distributed every other Thursday (except during the summer), and covers both campus and community news and sporting events. Coverage includes Community News, University News, Community Sports, University Sports and Features. The Missourian is advised by Director of Student Publications Steven Chappell.

The newspaper has won numerous awards, including the prestigious Pacemaker Award. The online version, www.nwmissourinews.com, is also a Pacemaker winner.

In August 2024, the newspaper switched from being published weekly on Thursdays, to only having a printed edition bi-weekly.


title: Foreordination

abstract: Foreordination, an important doctrine of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, teaches that during the pre-mortal existence, God selected ("foreordained") particular people to fulfill certain missions ("callings") during their mortal lives. For example, prophets were foreordained to be the Lord's servants, all who receive the priesthood were foreordained to that calling, and Jesus Christ was foreordained to enact the atonement. Unlike predestination, foreordination allows for individual agency.

text:
# Foreordination

**Foreordination**, an important doctrine of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), teaches that during the pre-mortal existence, God selected ("foreordained") particular people to fulfill certain missions ("callings") during their mortal lives. For example, prophets were foreordained to be the Lord's servants, all who receive the priesthood were foreordained to that calling, and Jesus Christ was foreordained to enact the atonement.

Unlike predestination, foreordination allows for individual agency (the ability to choose whether to fulfil one's callings).

## Teachings

Foreordination is a prominent part of LDS theology. Brigham Young, the first LDS Church leader to explain it, taught that God's omniscient foreknowledge does not constitute a divine decree. Unlike predestination, foreordination does not exclude free will. LDS Church members believe part of one's mission in life is choosing to fulfill what one was foreordained to do, following the example of Jesus Christ who actively chose to complete the atonement he was foreordained to enact.

The word "foreordination" appears in the King James Version of the First Epistle of Peter 1:20, "Who verily was *foreordained* before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you". The LDS Church has understood this to be a depiction of Christ's foreordination. The church also teaches that foreordination is referenced in the Old Testament in the first chapter of the Book of Jeremiah, verse 5 ("before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet").

The church also teaches that during the war in heaven the spirits that followed Christ were not equally valiant. The more diligent ones were made to be rulers. The Book of Abraham teaches that in the pre-mortal existence some spirits were more intelligent than others. The church teaches that foreordination can be a reward for valiant commitment to Jesus Christ and may influence one's earthly circumstances. Birth into one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel is seen as a birthright of dedicated souls. Those who are virtuous and great in this life attained greater intelligence and nobility in the pre-mortal existence. However, everyone can be adopted into one of the twelve tribes of Israel through faithfulness on Earth, regardless of their foreordination.

### Time of birth

In 1918, Joseph F. Smith said he received a vision, in which he was told choice spirits were reserved to be born during the founding of the LDS Church, including Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, John Taylor, and Wilford Woodruff, and that they received lessons in the spirit world and were prepared to be rulers in the LDS Church. This was later adapted as the 138th section of the Doctrine and Covenants.

In a 1977 speech, Ezra Taft Benson told the young people of the church, "You are choice spirits, many of you having been held back in reserve for almost 6,000 years to come forth in this day." In 1986, he told young men and women, "Your birth at this particular time was foreordained in the eternities." These comments were later incorporated into a pamphlet for youth. In the 1990 "For the Strength of Youth" pamphlet, the First Presidency told Latter-day Saint youth, "You are choice spirits who have been held in reserve to come forth in this day when the temptations, responsibilities, and opportunities are the very greatest." This was part of a larger church effort to promote the peculiarity of LDS youth. The 2001 version changed the wording to remove the concept of holding in reserve, saying, "You are choice spirits who have come forth in this day when the responsibilities and opportunities, as well as the temptations, are the greatest." In 2004, the church's Young Women general president, Elaine S. Dalton, said that the current generation was among those choice spirits reserved to come to the earth.

### Priesthood

The Book of Mormon teaches that those ordained to the priesthood were "called and prepared from the foundation of the world according to the foreknowledge of God, on account of their exceeding faith and good works." While traditionally this is interpreted as foreordination of priesthood holders, some have interpreted this to mean the standard of worthiness was foreordained rather than the priesthood holders. The Book of Abraham teaches that in the pre-mortal existence God chose certain spirits that were noble and great to be rulers. "Joseph Smith taught that "Every man who has a calling to minister to the inhabitants of the world was ordained to that very purpose in the grand council of heaven before this world was." The church teaches that all members of the church were foreordained with significant tasks.


title: Tancítaro

abstract: Tancítaro is a city and municipality in the western part of the Mexican state of Michoacán, in southwestern Mexico. Its municipal seat is the City of Tancítaro. The area has been called "the avocado capital of the world." An Avocado Festival is held annually.

text:
# Tancítaro

**Tancítaro** is a city and municipality in the western part of the Mexican state of Michoacán, in southwestern Mexico. Its municipal seat is the City of Tancítaro.

The area has been called "the avocado capital of the world." An Avocado Festival is held annually.

## Geography

The municipality has an area of 717.65 square kilometres (1.21% of the surface of the state).

It is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Peribán and Uruapan, to the east by Nuevo Parangaricutiro, to southeast by Parácuaro, to the south by Apatzingán, and to the southwest by Buenavista.

A volcanic peak, Pico de Tancítaro or *Volcán Tancítaro*, is located in the municipality. At 3,845 metres (12,615 ft) in elevation, it is the highest point in Michoacán state.

The municipality had a population of 26,089 inhabitants according to the 2005 census.

## Criminal activities

Due to an increase in criminal activity in the area, the 60 man Municipal Police Force was disbanded in December 2009. Soon after the people of Michoacán began taking up arms against the drug traffickers and against organized crime. They called themselves "auto defensas".

Mayor Gustavo Santoro and an aide were found dead September 27, 2010. It is believed they had been murdered by stoning.

The avocado growers association funded patrols by the Tancitaro Public Security Force (CUSEPT), and by summer of 2017, violence had subsided.

## World record for guacamole

The Junta Local de Sanidad Vegetal de Tancítaro set a world record for the largest serving of guacamole on 6 April 2018. It weighed 3,788 kg (8,351.11 lb).

19°20′16″N 102°21′45″W / 19.33778°N 102.36250°W / 19.33778; -102.36250


abstract: Results of the quarterfinals of the Eurocup Basketball 2009–10 basketball tournament. The quarterfinals were two-legged ties determined on aggregate score. The first leg of the Bilbao–Nymburk tie was held on March 23, with the first leg of all other ties held on March 24. The return leg of all ties were played on March 31. The group winner in each tie, listed as "Team #1", hosted the second leg. All times given below for the first leg are in Central European Time, and for the second leg in Central European Summer Time.

text:
# Eurocup Basketball 2009–10 quarterfinals

Results of the **quarterfinals** of the Eurocup Basketball 2009–10 basketball tournament.

The quarterfinals were two-legged ties determined on aggregate score. The first leg of the Bilbao–Nymburk tie was held on March 23, with the first leg of all other ties held on March 24. The return leg of all ties were played on March 31. The group winner in each tie, listed as "Team #1", hosted the second leg.

| Team #1 | Agg. | Team #2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **ALBA Berlin** | **133** – 126 | Hapoel Jerusalem | 61 – **67** | **72** – 59 |
| **Power Elec Valencia** | **156** – 131 | Aris BSA 2003 | **71** – 64 | 85 – 67 |
| **Bizkaia Bilbao Basket** | **105** – 99 | ČEZ Nymburk | **59** – 47 | 46 – **52** |
| Gran Canaria 2014 | 145 – **149** | **Panellinios BC** | 70 – **81** | **75** – 68 |

*All times given below for the first leg are in Central European Time, and for the second leg in Central European Summer Time.*

## Quarterfinal 1

Game 1

| **Hapoel Jerusalem** | **67**61 | ALBA Berlin |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **16**-11, **14**-7, 19-**23**, 18-**20** | | |
| **Pts:** Hunter 23
**Rebs:** Hunter 10
**Asts:** Thompson 5 |  | **Pts:** Byars 17
**Rebs:** Chubb 7
**Asts:** Dojčin, Wright 3 |

Game 2

| **ALBA Berlin** | **72**59 | Hapoel Jerusalem |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **20**-7, 16-**21**, **16**-9, 20-**22** | | |
| **Pts:** Byars 16
**Rebs:** Byars, McElroy 4
**Asts:** McElroy 6 |  | **Pts:** Jeter 19
**Rebs:** Hunter 7
**Asts:** Naimy, Jeter 4 |

## Quarterfinal 2

Game 1

| Aris BSA 2003 | 64**71** | **Power Elec Valencia** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 13-**21**, **21**-16, 14-**16**, 16-**18** | | |
| **Pts:** Clark 14
**Rebs:** Walsh 9
**Asts:** Miles 3 |  | **Pts:** Marinović 18
**Rebs:** Claver, Lishouk, Piétrus 4
**Asts:** de Colo 3 |

Game 2

| **Power Elec Valencia** | **85**67 | Aris BSA 2003 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **22**-14, **25**-14, 17-**20**, **21**-19 | | |
| **Pts:** Kelati 18
**Rebs:** Nielsen 6
**Asts:** Simeon 5 |  | **Pts:** Walsh 15
**Rebs:** Walsh 7
**Asts:** Miles 4 |

## Quarterfinal 3

Game 1

| ČEZ Nymburk | 47**59** | **Bizkaia Bilbao Basket** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **18**-15, **14**-7, 10-**13**, 5-**24** | | |
| **Pts:** Lewis 17
**Rebs:** Benda 7
**Asts:** Benda, Lewis 3 |  | **Pts:** Moïso 11
**Rebs:** Hervelle 10
**Asts:** Rodríguez 4 |

Game 2

| Bizkaia Bilbao Basket | 46**52** | **ČEZ Nymburk** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **13**-12, 5-**14**, **17**-10, 11-**16** | | |
| **Pts:** Banić 12
**Rebs:** Hervelle 8
**Asts:** Rodríguez, Mumbrú, Hervelle 2 |  | **Pts:** Lee 12
**Rebs:** Benda 8
**Asts:** Lee 4 |

## Quarterfinal 4

Game 1

| **Panellinios BC** | **81**70 | Gran Canaria 2014 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **20**-16, 19-**24**, **21**-11, **21**-19 | | |
| **Pts:** Blakney 21
**Rebs:** Vougioukas 8
**Asts:** Papamakarios 5 |  | **Pts:** Carroll 22
**Rebs:** Augustine 9
**Asts:** Norris 3 |

Game 2

| **Gran Canaria 2014** | **75**68 | Panellinios BC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **20**-12, 19-**20**, **15**-13, 21-**23** | | |
| **Pts:** Carroll 17
**Rebs:** Savané 6
**Asts:** Norris, Carroll 3 |  | **Pts:** Blakney 15
**Rebs:** Owens 11
**Asts:** Kalaitzis 2 |


title: Ryn, Ostróda County

abstract: Ryn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostróda, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Ostróda and 39 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Ryn, Ostróda County

**Ryn** \[rɨn\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostróda, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Ostróda and 39 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Ryn | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ryn | |
| Coordinates: 53°36′N 20°0′E / 53.600°N 20.000°E / 53.600; 20.000 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Ostróda |
| Gmina | Ostróda |


title: Mary Kay Papen

abstract: Mary Kuper "Kay" Papen is an American politician who served as a member of the New Mexico Senate from January 2001 to January 2021.

text:
# Mary Kay Papen

**Mary Kuper "Kay" Papen** (born March 19, 1932) is an American politician who served as a member of the New Mexico Senate from January 2001 to January 2021.

## Career

Papen has faced criticism for blocking legislation that would allow voters to consider an amendment that would fund early childhood programs using 1% more yearly from the state's $18 million Land Grant Permanent Fund.

From 2013 to 2021, Papen also served as president pro tempore of the New Mexico Senate and has led a coalition of Republicans and conservative Democrats who hold leadership positions in the state Senate, despite the body's 26–16 Democratic majority.

In the 2020 election, Papen faced a primary challenge from Carrie Hamblen, then president of the Las Cruces Green Chamber of Commerce. In the June 2, 2020 Democratic primary, Papen was defeated by Hamblen.

## InfoBox

| Kay Papen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President pro tempore of the New Mexico Senate | |
| **In office**
January 15, 2013  January 19, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Timothy Jennings |
| Succeeded by | Mimi Stewart |
| Member of the New Mexico Senate
from the 38th district | |
| **In office**
January 2001  January 19, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Fernando Macias |
| Succeeded by | Carrie Hamblen |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1932-03-19) March 19, 1932
El Paso, Texas, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | New Mexico State University (BA) |
| Website | State Senate website |
|  | |


title: Goran Grgić

abstract: Goran Grgić is a Croatian theatre, television and film actor. Grgić graduated from the Zagreb Academy of Dramatic Art in 1990. Upon graduation he was hired as a regular cast member at the Gavella theatre in Zagreb. Since 2002 he has been a member of cast at the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb.

text:
# Goran Grgić

**Goran Grgić** (born 17 November 1965) is a Croatian theatre, television and film actor.

Grgić graduated from the Zagreb Academy of Dramatic Art in 1990. Upon graduation he was hired as a regular cast member at the *Gavella* theatre in Zagreb. Since 2002 he has been a member of cast at the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb.

## Partial filmography

## InfoBox

| Goran Grgić | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1965-11-17) 17 November 1965
Osijek, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia
(now Croatia) |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1972–present |
| Spouse | Ivana Grgić (m. 1995) |
| Children | 3 |


title: Weapon in Mind

abstract: Weapon in Mind is the sixth studio album by Norwegian singer-songwriter Maria Mena. All songs are written by Mena, and composed by Mena and Mats Lie Skåre, Thomas Eriksen and Martin Sjølie, which are listed in the track list. The first single "Fuck You" was released on March 18, 2013. The second single "I Always Liked That" was released on June 21, 2013.

text:
# Weapon in Mind

***Weapon in Mind*** is the sixth studio album by Norwegian singer-songwriter Maria Mena. All songs are written by Mena, and composed by Mena and Mats Lie Skåre, Thomas Eriksen and Martin Sjølie, which are listed in the track list. The first single "Fuck You" was released on March 18, 2013. The second single "I Always Liked That" was released on June 21, 2013.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Interesting" | Maria Mena, Mats Lie Skåre | 3:02 |
| 2. | "Fuck You" | Mena, Eriksen Thomas, Skåre | 3:14 |
| 3. | "All the Love" | Mena, Martin Sjølie | 3:41 |
| 4. | "I Always Liked That" | Mena, Sjølie | 3:41 |
| 5. | "Madness" | Mena, Skåre | 3:08 |
| 6. | "I Love You Too" | Mena, Sjølie | 2:54 |
| 7. | "You Make Me Feel Good" | Mena, Skåre | 3:07 |
| 8. | "Caught Off Guard, Floored by Love" | Mena, Eriksen | 3:46 |
| 9. | "You're All Telling Stories" | Mena, Skåre | 3:51 |
| 10. | "Lover Let Me In" | Mena, Eriksen | 3:34 |
| 11. | "I'm Only Human" | Mena, Skåre | 3:06 |
| 12. | "You Hurt the Ones You Love (I Don't Believe That)" | Mena, Skåre | 3:04 |
| 13. | "The End" | Mena, Eriksen | 3:02 |

Amazon Germany bonus track
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "No" | Mena | 2:58 |

## Singles

* "Fuck You" (2013)
* "I Always Liked That" (2013)
* "All The Love" (2013)

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 161 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 14 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 59 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 1 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 30 |
|

## InfoBox

| Weapon in Mind | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Maria Mena | |
| Released | September 23, 2013 |
| Genre | Pop, folk, rock |
| Length | 43:10 |
| Label | Sony Music |
| Maria Mena chronology | |
| *Viktoria*
(2011) ***Weapon in Mind***
(2013) *Growing Pains*
(2015) | |


title: No Worries (Lil Wayne song)

abstract: "No Worries" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Lil Wayne, released on September 3, 2012, as the lead single from his tenth studio album, I Am Not a Human Being II. It features vocals from Detail and was produced by Detail himself, along with the production team The Order.

text:
# No Worries (Lil Wayne song)

"**No Worries**" (sometimes titled as “**Lil Wayne**”) is a song by American hip hop recording artist Lil Wayne, released on September 3, 2012, as the lead single from his tenth studio album, *I Am Not a Human Being II*. It features vocals from Detail and was produced by Detail himself, along with the production team The Order.

## Background

The song was originally set to be Wayne's next single from his upcoming album. After many push backs on the release of his twelfth mixtape, he decided to include the song on *Dedication 4* (2012), and was officially released September 3, 2012, as the first single from his then-upcoming tenth studio album *I Am Not a Human Being II* (2013). Complex named the song #50 on their list of best songs of 2012.

## Music video

The music video premiered on MTV on November 21, 2012, and then on BET's 106 & Park on November 26, 2012, and was directed by Colin Tilley. The video pays homage to the film *Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas*. It features a cameo appearance from rapper Birdman.

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2012–2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 29 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 7 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 7 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2012) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 100 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "No Worries (Lil Wayne)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Lil Wayne featuring Detail | |
| from the album  *Dedication 4* **and** *I Am Not a Human Being II* | |
| Released | September 3, 2012 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre | Comedy hip hop |
| Length | 3:42 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Lil Wayne singles chronology | |
| "Bandz a Make Her Dance"
(2012) "**No Worries (Lil Wayne)**"
(2012) "Ball"
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Detail singles chronology | |
| "**No Worries**"
(2012) | |
|  | |


title: Toufelaazt

abstract: Toufelaazt is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 2,172 people living in 460 households.

text:
# Toufelaazt

**Toufelaazt** is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 2,172 people living in 460 households.

## InfoBox

| Toufelaazt | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural commune and town | |
| ToufelaaztLocation in Morocco | |
| Coordinates: 30°04′05″N 8°49′29″W / 30.0680°N 8.8247°W / 30.0680; -8.8247 | |
| Country | Morocco |
| Region | Souss-Massa-Drâa |
| Province | Taroudant Province |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 2,172 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (WEST) |