title: Synthajoy

abstract: Synthajoy is a science fiction novel by D. G. Compton originally published in 1968 as an Ace Science Fiction Special in the United States and in hardcover by Hodder & Stoughton in Great Britain. An Italian translation appeared in 1972. Gregg Press issued an archival edition in 1977. Orion Books revived the novel as part of its Gateway line in 2011.

text:
# Synthajoy

***Synthajoy*** is a science fiction novel by D. G. Compton originally published in 1968 as an Ace Science Fiction Special in the United States and in hardcover by Hodder & Stoughton in Great Britain. An Italian translation appeared in 1972. Gregg Press issued an archival edition in 1977. Orion Books revived the novel as part of its Gateway line in 2011.

## Summary

The novel explores the social consequences of the development of a "virtual reality" technology "which enable\[s\] unremarkable people to enjoy the experiences of those who are more gifted or fortunate". The protagonist is the wife of the creator of Synthajoy, who - realizing what damage it would do to society - murdered her husband, and was committed to a mental hospital. In a 2007 interview, Compton recalled that it was likely based "on the sort of popular science stuff that I as a non-scientist would have picked up out of the media or the general press and latched onto as something I could develop".

## Reception

James Blish wrote that "\[N\]obody has handled \[the novel's theme\] a tenth as well as this English writer." George Edward Slusser characterized *Synthajoy* as a precursor to cyberpunk.

## InfoBox

Synthajoy
| Ace Specials cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David G. Compton |
| Cover artist | Leo & Diane Dillon |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Hodder & Stoughton (UK)
Ace Books (US) |
| Publication date | 1968 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback) |
| Pages | 180 pp (US)
190 pp (UK) |
| OCLC | 3224687 |


title: Synth (video game)

abstract: Synth is an action real-time strategy video game by Canadian developer Rhys Paul Hovey for Microsoft Windows. Synth is an abstract and procedurally generated 3D game, in which the graphics have an algorithmic C++ representation.

text:
# Synth (video game)

***Synth*** is an action real-time strategy video game by Canadian developer Rhys Paul Hovey for Microsoft Windows. *Synth* is an abstract and procedurally generated 3D game, in which the graphics have an algorithmic C++ representation.

## Gameplay

*Synth* is a strategic action game, in which the player must find an exit in a procedurally generated landscape. The player is equipped with a laser, bombs, and a device that acts as a vacuum or blower. The overall goal is to reach the highest level possible.

*Synth* uses C++ algorithms to generate the level's structure and graphics. Levels are seeded from four-letter words: for example, "BGNI" is the first level. As the game does not need to store pre-rendered textures and model data, only small filesizes are required.

*Synth*'s drum and bass synthesizer soundtrack dynamically changes during the game. The sounds were pre-composed by Hovey, but the player's controls are mapped to a loop-sequence remixer.

## Development

Hovey cites the artwork of Roger Dean (who produced the covers for several Psygnosis titles), other Amiga graphics, and Pink Floyd as influences for *Synth*'s imagery.

*Synth* is currently only available as a game demo. Once a full version is ready, Hovey intends to acquire a digital distribution deal.

## Critical reception

Todd Ciolek, an editor with Gamasutra made reference to the game's experimental design: "Rhys Paul Hovey’s SYNTH is an experimental game in many ways". Rock, Paper, Shotgun drew comparisons with the visuals of Darwinia and the procedural nature of .kkrieger. The graphics were described as fascinating: "a bizarre, mesmerizing cross between the deeply archaic and the thoroughly high-tech."

In November 2010, SYNTH:Electropix 64 bit version 1.505, won 1st place in the Intel corporation's "Level up" 2010 game demo contest, in the "Best game for a desktop" category. Hovey used the user name Paul Richard.

## InfoBox

| SYNTH | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Rhys Paul Hovey |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows |
| Release | 2009 |
| Genre(s) | Action, real-time strategy |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Elin Nilsen

abstract: Elin Nilsen is a Norwegian former cross-country skier who competed from 1990 to 2004. She won three silver medals in the 4 × 5 km relay at the Winter Olympics. Her best individual Olympic finish was fourth in the 30 km event in both in 1992 and 1998. Nilsen also won five 4 × 5 km relay medals at the Nordic skiing World Championships with three silvers and two bronzes. Her best individual finish at the World Championships was fourth in the 15 km event in 1999. Nilsen won four races in career at all levels from 1994 to 2002 She represented Bossmo & Ytteren IL.

text:
# Elin Nilsen

**Elin Nilsen** (born 12 August 1968) is a Norwegian former cross-country skier who competed from 1990 to 2004. She won three silver medals in the 4 × 5 km relay at the Winter Olympics (1992, 1994, 1998). Her best individual Olympic finish was fourth in the 30 km event in both in 1992 and 1998.

Nilsen also won five 4 × 5 km relay medals at the Nordic skiing World Championships with three silvers (1995, 1997, 2001) and two bronzes (1991, 1993). Her best individual finish at the World Championships was fourth in the 15 km event in 1999.

Nilsen won four races in career at all levels from 1994 to 2002

She represented Bossmo & Ytteren IL.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 3 medals – (3 silver)

| Year | Age | 5 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | 4 × 5 km
relay |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | *23* | 10 |  |  |  | **Silver** |
| 1994 | *25* | 12 | 13 | 12 |  | **Silver** |
| 1998 | *29* |  |  |  |  | **Silver** |
|

### World Championships

* 5 medals – (3 silver, 2 bronze)

| Year | Age | 5 km | 10 km | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | Sprint | 4 × 5 km
relay |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *22* |  | 15 |  |  | 19 |  | **Bronze** |
| 1993 | *24* | 16 |  |  | 13 | 13 |  | **Bronze** |
| 1995 | *26* |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | **Silver** |
| 1997 | *28* |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | **Silver** |
| 1999 | *30* | 16 |  | 4 | DNF |  |  | 4 |
| 2001 | *32* |  |  |  |  | CNX\[a\] |  | **Silver** |
|

**a.** **1** Cancelled due to extremely cold weather.

### World Cup

#### Season standings

| Season | Age |
| --- | --- |
| | | Overall | Distance | Long Distance | Middle Distance | Sprint |
| 1989 | *20* | NC |  |  |  |  |
| 1990 | *21* | 23 |  |  |  |  |
| 1991 | *22* | 19 |  |  |  |  |
| 1992 | *23* | 5 |  |  |  |  |
| 1993 | *24* | 18 |  |  |  |  |
| 1994 | *25* | 17 |  |  |  |  |
| 1995 | *26* | 11 |  |  |  |  |
| 1997 | *28* | 14 |  | 7 |  | 27 |
| 1998 | *29* | 13 |  | 12 |  | 16 |
| 1999 | *30* | 14 |  | 15 |  | 19 |
| 2000 | *31* | 23 |  | 14 | 19 | 46 |
| 2001 | *32* | 37 |  |  |  |  |
| 2002 | *33* | 39 |  |  |  |  |

#### Individual podiums

* 3 podiums

| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **1991–92** | 14 December 1991 | Thunder Bay, Canada | 5 km Individual F | World Cup | 3rd |
| 2 | | 11 January 1992 | Cogne, Italy | 30 km Individual F | World Cup | 2nd |
| 3 | **1996–97** | 15 March 1997 | Oslo, Norway | 30 km Individual F | World Cup | 3rd |
|

#### Team podiums

* 2 victories
* 24 podiums

| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **1989–90** | 11 March 1990 | Örnsköldsvik, Sweden | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Pedersen / Nybråten / Hegge |
| 2 | **1990–91** | 15 February 1991 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Championships\[1\] | 3rd | Pedersen / Nybråten / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 3 | | 10 March 1991 | Falun, Sweden | 4 × 5 km Relay C | World Cup | 2nd | Pedersen / Nybråten / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 4 | | 15 March 1991 | Oslo, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | **1st** | Dybendahl-Hartz / Nybråten / Pedersen |
| 5 | **1991–92** | 18 February 1992 | Albertville, France | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | Olympic Games\[1\] | 2nd | Pedersen / Nybråten / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 6 | | 8 March 1992 | Funäsdalen, Sweden | 4 × 5 km Relay C | World Cup | **1st** | Pedersen / Nybråten / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 7 | **1992–93** | 26 February 1993 | Falun, Sweden | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Championships\[1\] | 3rd | Dybendahl-Hartz / Nybråten / Moen |
| 8 | **1993–94** | 22 February 1994 | Lillehammer, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | Olympic Games\[1\] | 2nd | Dybendahl-Hartz / Nybråten / Moen |
| 9 | **1994–95** | 29 January 1995 | Lahti, Finland | 4 × 5 km Relay F | World Cup | 3rd | Moen / Dybendahl-Hartz / Martinsen |
| 10 | | 7 February 1995 | Hamar, Norway | 4 × 3 km Relay F | World Cup | 2nd | Moen / Martinsen / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 11 | | 12 February 1995 | Oslo, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Mikkelsplass / Nybråten / Moen |
| 12 | | 17 March 1995 | Thunder Bay, Canada | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Championships\[1\] | 2nd | Mikkelsplass / Nybråten / Moen |
| 13 | | 26 March 1995 | Sapporo, Japan | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Dybendahl-Hartz / Nybråten / Mikkelsplass |
| 14 | **1996–97** | 28 February 1997 | Trondheim, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Championships\[1\] | 2nd | Martinsen / Mikkelsplass / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 15 | | 9 March 1997 | Falun, Sweden | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Martinsen / Dybendahl-Hartz / Sorkmo |
| 16 | | 16 March 1997 | Oslo, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay F | World Cup | 2nd | Moen / Mikkelsplass / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 17 | **1997–98** | 6 March 1998 | Lahti, Finland | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Martinsen / Mikkelsplass / Dybendahl-Hartz |
| 18 | **1998–99** | 29 November 1998 | Muonio, Finland | 4 × 5 km Relay F | World Cup | 3rd | Martinsen / Moen / Sorkmo |
| 19 | | 10 January 1999 | Nové Město, Czech Republic | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Sorkmo / Moen / Martinsen |
| 20 | | 21 March 1999 | Oslo, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Martinsen / Glomsås / Moen |
| 21 | **1999–00** | 28 November 1999 | Kiruna, Sweden | 4 × 5 km Relay F | World Cup | 3rd | Martinsen / Pedersen / Moen |
| 22 | | 19 December 1999 | Davos, Switzerland | 4 × 5 km Relay C | World Cup | 2nd | Moen / Glomsås / Martinsen |
| 23 | | 13 January 2000 | Nové Město, Czech Republic | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 3rd | Moen / Martinsen / Sorkmo |
| 24 | **2000–01** | 9 December 2000 | Santa Caterina, Italy | 4 × 3 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 2nd | Bay / Skari / Pedersen |
|

**Note:** 1 Until the 1999 World Championships and the 1994 Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system.

## InfoBox

| Elin Nilsen | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Norway |
| Born | (1968-08-12) 12 August 1968
Mo i Rana, Norway |
| Ski club | Bossmo & Ytteren IL |
| World Cup career | |
| Seasons | 13 – (19891995, 19972002) |
| Starts | 113 |
| Podiums | 3 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Overall titles | 0 – (5th in 1992) |
| Discipline titles | 0 |
| Medal record      Women's cross-country skiing  Representing  Norway  Olympic Games  1992 Albertville 4 × 5 km relay  1994 Lillehammer 4 × 5 km relay  1998 Nagano 4 × 5 km relay  World Championships  1995 Thunder Bay 4 × 5 km relay  1997 Trondheim 4 × 5 km relay  2001 Lahti 4 × 5 km relay  1991 Val di Fiemme 4 × 5 km relay  1993 Falun 4 × 5 km relay | |


title: Symphony No. 20 (Myaskovsky)

abstract:
Nikolai Myaskovsky's Symphony No. 20 in E major, his Op. 50, was written in 1940. It is dedicated to Yuri Shaporin. The symphony was premiered on 28 November 1940 by Nikolai Golovanov conducting the Large All-Union Radio SO. It has three movements:
  - Allegro con spirito
  - Adagio, in C major
  - Allegro inquieto, in E minor The first movement is in sonata form. The Adagio is on two themes, in C and in A♭, which appear contrapuntally at the reappearance of the first; it has the form A-B-A'-B'-coda. The finale is a rondo whose E major concluding pages incorporate a climactic reappearance by the main theme of the Adagio, leading Richard Taruskin to remark of this symphony that it is Myaskovsky's "Land of Hope and Glory".

text:
# Symphony No. 20 (Myaskovsky)

Nikolai Myaskovsky's **Symphony No. 20** in E major, his Op. 50, was written in 1940. It is dedicated to Yuri Shaporin. The symphony was premiered on 28 November 1940 by Nikolai Golovanov conducting the Large All-Union Radio SO. It has three movements:

1. Allegro con spirito (ca. 8 minutes)
2. Adagio, in C major (ca. 9 minutes, initial tempo quarter note=52)
3. Allegro inquieto, in E minor (ca. 10 minutes)

The first movement is in sonata form. The Adagio is on two themes, in C and in A, which appear contrapuntally at the reappearance of the first; it has the form A-B (l'Istesso tempo, Andantino)-A'-B'-coda. The finale is a rondo whose E major concluding pages incorporate a climactic reappearance by the main theme of the Adagio, leading Richard Taruskin to remark of this symphony that it is Myaskovsky's "Land of Hope and Glory".

## Recordings

* Yevgeny Svetlanov, Russian Federation Academic Symphony Orchestra, 1991-3 recordings appearing variously on Russian Disc, Olympia OCD 739, and Warner CDs


title: Eliodoro Camacho Province

abstract: Eliodoro Camacho is a province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia situated at Lake Titicaca. Its seat is Puerto Acosta. Camacho Province is situated in the western region of the La Paz Department bordered to the north by the Muñecas Province, to the east by the Larecaja Province, to the south by the Omasuyos Province, to the west by Lake Titicaca and Moho Province located in the Puno Region of Peru. Camacho Province was created during the presidency of General Ismael Montes on November 5, 1908, named after the Bolivian politician and officer Eliodoro Camacho. Originally it was composed of the cantons Huaycho, Escoma, Carabuco, Italaque, Mocomoco and Ambaná. Huaycho became the capital of the province under the name "Puerto Acosta" in honor of the writer Nicolás Acosta.

text:
# Eliodoro Camacho Province

**Eliodoro Camacho** is a province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia situated at Lake Titicaca. Its seat is Puerto Acosta.

Camacho Province is situated in the western region of the La Paz Department bordered to the north by the Muñecas Province, to the east by the Larecaja Province, to the south by the Omasuyos Province, to the west by Lake Titicaca and Moho Province located in the Puno Region of Peru.

Camacho Province was created during the presidency of General Ismael Montes on November 5, 1908, named after the Bolivian politician and officer Eliodoro Camacho. Originally it was composed of the cantons Huaycho, Escoma, Carabuco, Italaque, Mocomoco and Ambaná. Huaycho became the capital of the province under the name "Puerto Acosta" (meaning: "Port Acosta") in honor of the writer Nicolás Acosta (1844 - 1893).

## Subdivision

The province is divided into five municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons.

| **Section** | **Municipality** | **Seat** | **Inhabitants**  (2001) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | Puerto Acosta Municipality | Puerto Acosta | 1,123 |
| 2nd | Mocomoco Municipality | Mocomoco | 444 |
| 3rd | Puerto Carabuco Municipality | Puerto Carabuco | 416 |
| 4th | Umanata Municipality (also Humanata Municipality) | Umanata (also Humanata) | 192 |
| 5th | Escoma Municipality | Escoma | 576 |

15°30′S 69°05′W / 15.500°S 69.083°W / -15.500; -69.083

## InfoBox

| Eliodoro Camacho | |
| --- | --- |
| Province | |
| Suches River in Umanata | |
| Location of Eliodoro Camacho Province within Bolivia | |
| Provinces of the La Paz Department | |
| Coordinates: 15°30′0″S 69°5′0″W / 15.50000°S 69.08333°W / -15.50000; -69.08333 | |
| Country | Bolivia |
| Department | La Paz Department |
| Municipalities | 5 |
| Foundation | November 5, 1908 |
| Capital | Puerto Acosta |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,080 km2 (800 sq mi) |
| Population (2024 census) | |
| Total | 63,266 |
| Density | 30/km2 (79/sq mi) |
| Ethnicities | Aymara |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (BOT) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Oriental Cricket Club

abstract: The Oriental Cricket Club was a cricket club established by the Parsi community in Bombay in 1848. The origins of Indian Cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Zoroastrians, the Parsi. The Parsi community viewed these clubs as a way of cementing ties with the British colonial powers. They were sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Wadias and the Tatas. Though the club was the first to be organised by Indians, it was closed a few years later. The Parsis were the first to start the cricket in India because they were in close contacts with the Imperial British, as they were interested in trade. The British offered no help to the enthusiastic Parsis.

text:
# Oriental Cricket Club

The **Oriental Cricket Club** was a cricket club established by the Parsi community in Bombay in 1848. The origins of Indian Cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Zoroastrians, the Parsi. The Parsi community viewed these clubs as a way of cementing ties with the British colonial powers. They were sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Wadias and the Tatas. Though the club was the first to be organised by Indians, it was closed a few years later. The Parsis were the first to start the cricket in India because they were in close contacts with the Imperial British, as they were interested in trade. The British offered no help to the enthusiastic Parsis.


title: Orinda, California

abstract: Orinda is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city's population as of the 2020 census is estimated at 19,514 residents.

text:
# Orinda, California

**Orinda** is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city's population as of the 2020 census is estimated at 19,514 residents.

## History

Orinda is located within four Mexican land grants: Rancho Laguna de los Palos Colorados, Rancho Acalanes, Rancho El Sobrante and Rancho Boca de la Cañada del Pinole. The area was originally rural, mainly known for ranching and summer cabins. The Moraga Adobe was built in 1841, and is the oldest building in the East Bay. In the late 19th century, the land was named by Alice Marsh Cameron, probably in honor of the poet Katherine Philips, who was also known as the "Matchless Orinda".

In the 1880s, United States Surveyor General for California Theodore Wagner built an estate he named Orinda Park. The Orinda Park post office opened in 1888. The post office's name was changed to Orinda in 1895. Orinda was also the site of Bryant Station, a stop on the failed California and Nevada Railroad around the turn of the 20th century. Later, the area around Bryant Station was known as Orinda Crossroads.

Orinda's popularity as a year-round residence grew after the 1937 completion of the Caldecott Tunnel, which provided easier access to the west. Bisected by California State Route 24 and framed by its rolling oak-covered hills, the city of Orinda was incorporated on July 1, 1985. Its first mayor was Richard G. Heggie. The city is served by Orinda station on the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Yellow Line and Route 6 of the County Connection.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.7 sq mi (33 km2), of which 12.7 sq mi (33 km2) of it is land and 0.015 sq mi (0.039 km2) of it (0.12%) is water.

### Climate

The area is characterized by a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: *Csb*) with cool, rainy winters and warm, dry summers. Because Orinda is located in a hilly area, microclimates often dominate temperature differences in short distances. The Oakland Hills often block the cool foggy conditions that can be seen in Oakland and the inner Bay. In the summer, fog can spill over the Oakland hills, cooling off the area. Heatwaves from the inland areas can be felt much more in Orinda than in Oakland and the inner Bay during the summer. In the winter, Orinda often sees more precipitation than surrounding areas because of its higher elevation. Snowfall is rare but not unheard of. A dusting of snow may occur in any given year because of the elevation. During stable conditions in the winter, mornings can be cold and frosty in downtown and lower-lying areas, while the higher hills surrounding the area may be several degrees warmer.

| Orinda, California |
| --- |
| Climate chart (explanation) |
|  |
| Metric conversion  J F M A M J J A S O N D  152     12 1       123     15 3       109     16 4       55     20 5       31     22 8       4.6     25 10       0.5     28 11       1.3     27 11       10     28 10       47     24 7       82     18 4       158     13 2   Average max. and min. temperatures in °C  Precipitation totals in mm |

| Climate data for Orinda, California | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 69
(21) | 76
(24) | 84
(29) | 88
(31) | 100
(38) | 103
(39) | 107
(42) | 109
(43) | 110
(43) | 101
(38) | 87
(31) | 77
(25) | 110
(43) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 54.8
(12.7) | 59.6
(15.3) | 62.4
(16.9) | 70.5
(21.4) | 70.9
(21.6) | 77.2
(25.1) | 81.2
(27.3) | 81.0
(27.2) | 79.5
(26.4) | 73.6
(23.1) | 63.5
(17.5) | 55.2
(12.9) | 69.1
(20.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 38.3
(3.5) | 41.5
(5.3) | 43.4
(6.3) | 45.6
(7.6) | 48.6
(9.2) | 52.1
(11.2) | 54.0
(12.2) | 55.3
(12.9) | 54.0
(12.2) | 50.3
(10.2) | 45.3
(7.4) | 39.8
(4.3) | 47.3
(8.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 15
(−9) | 18
(−8) | 23
(−5) | 28
(−2) | 32
(0) | 35
(2) | 42
(6) | 40
(4) | 32
(0) | 26
(−3) | 22
(−6) | 19
(−7) | 15
(−9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.99
(152) | 4.86
(123) | 4.31
(109) | 2.16
(55) | 1.22
(31) | 0.18
(4.6) | 0.02
(0.51) | 0.05
(1.3) | 0.41
(10) | 1.85
(47) | 3.24
(82) | 6.24
(158) | 30.53
(773.41) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 64 |
| Source: Western Regional Climate Center | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | 5,568 |  |  |
| 1970 | 6,790 |  | 21.9% |
| 1980 | 16,825 |  | 147.8% |
| 1990 | 16,642 |  | −1.1% |
| 2000 | 17,599 |  | 5.8% |
| 2010 | 17,643 |  | 0.3% |
| 2020 | 19,514 |  | 10.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

The 2010 United States Census reported that Orinda had a population of 17,643, The population density was 1,389.5 inhabitants per square mile (536.5/km2), The racial makeup of Orinda was 14,533 (82.4%) White-American, 149 (0.8%) African American, 22 (0.1%) Native American, 2,016 (11.4%) Asian-American, 24 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 122 (0.7%) from other races, and 777 (4.4%) from two or more races. There were 807 people (4.6%) of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race.

The Census reported that 17,600 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 6 (\>0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 37 (0.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,553 households, out of which 2,361 (36.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 4,673 (71.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 370 (5.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 159 (2.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 138 (2.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 58 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships, 1,127 households (17.2%) were made up of individuals, and 695 (10.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69. There were 5,202 families (79.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.03.

The population was spread out, with 4,512 people (25.6%) under the age of 18, 729 people (4.1%) aged 18 to 24, 2,741 people (15.5%) aged 25 to 44, 6,111 people (34.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,550 people (20.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

There were 6,804 housing units, at an average density of 535.8 per square mile (206.9/km2), of which 6,553 were occupied, of which 5,876 (89.7%) were owner-occupied, and 677 (10.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.2%. 16,010 people (90.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,590 people (9.0%) lived in rental housing units.

## Government

As of February 10, 2019, Orinda has 14,020 registered voters, with 6,692 (47.7%) registered as Democrats, 3,176 (22.7%) registered as Republicans, and 3,662 (26.1%) decline to state voters.

## Education

Orinda has four public elementary schools: Sleepy Hollow Elementary, Wagner Ranch Elementary, Glorietta Elementary and Del Rey Elementary. Orinda Intermediate School is the only middle school. Together, these five schools make up the Orinda Union School District. Orinda's high school, Miramonte High School, is a part of the Acalanes Union High School District.

Orinda is home to three private educational establishments: Orinda Academy, Holden High School, and Fountainhead Montessori School. Of these, two (OA & Holden) are private high schools, while Fountainhead Montessori School services kindergarten through fifth grade.

The Contra Costa County Library has a branch in Orinda.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| City of Orinda | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Downtown Orinda | |
| Location in Contra Costa County and the state of California | |
| City of OrindaLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 37°52′58″N 122°10′47″W / 37.88278°N 122.17972°W / 37.88278; -122.17972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Contra Costa |
| Incorporated | July 1, 1985 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Darlene Gee |
| State Senator | Steve Glazer () |
| State Assembly | Rebecca Bauer-Kahan () |
| U. S. Congress | Mark DeSaulnier () |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.87 sq mi (33.33 km2) |
| Land | 12.85 sq mi (33.29 km2) |
| Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.04 km2)  0.12% |
| Elevation | 495 ft (151 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 19,514 |
| Density | 1,500/sq mi (590/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 (PST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−7 (PDT) |
| ZIP Code | 94563 |
| Area code | 925 |
| FIPS code | 06-54232 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 1659313, 2411334 |
| Website | www.cityoforinda.org |


title: Orinam

abstract: Orinam is a non-funded, social, and activist collective that works to enhance understanding of alternate sexualities and gender identities among families, communities and society. It was founded in 2003 in Chennai under the name MovenPick and is one of the oldest collective of its kind in India. People affiliated with Orinam are from or trace their ancestry to the following geo-cultural: People of Tamil Origin from Tamil Nadu, India. Orinam provides a platform for creative expression, personal and social commentary by Queer people of Tamil Origin and of Indian Origin primarily. Orinam also acts as a local support group in Chennai for the queer community. Orinam also partners with the city-, state- and national initiatives around decriminalisation of homosexuality by amending Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and LGBTQ rights.

text:
# Orinam

**Orinam** (Tamil: ஓரினம்) is a non-funded, social, and activist collective that works to enhance understanding of alternate sexualities and gender identities among families, communities and society. It was founded in 2003 in Chennai under the name MovenPick and is one of the oldest collective of its kind in India. People affiliated with Orinam are from or trace their ancestry to the following geo-cultural: People of Tamil Origin from Tamil Nadu, India. Orinam provides a platform for creative expression, personal and social commentary by Queer people of Tamil Origin and of Indian Origin primarily. Orinam also acts as a local support group in Chennai for the queer community. Orinam also partners with the city-, state- and national initiatives around decriminalisation of homosexuality by amending Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and LGBTQ rights.

## History

The collective was co-founded on 25 December 2003 by a group of queer men with the name "MovenPick/MP". The name was later changed to Orinam due to a name conflict with an unrelated restaurant, MovenPick.

## About the name

"Orinam" (Tamil: ஓரினம்) in Tamil means "One kind" or "One Community".

## Activities

Orinam conducts various activities toward the awareness and celebration of issues affecting the LGBTQIA population of the Tamil, Indian, and diasporic population. "Queering Literature" or Quilt is a monthly reading group that discusses fiction and non-fiction written by queer and trans people of the Indian diaspora. "Vannangal" is an annual queer performance festival held just before the Chennai Pride March and is jointly hosted by Orinam, Shakti Resource Centre, and Nirangal. Orinam also hosts monthly meetups for the queer community in Chennai to provide a safe space for the community to meet and interact with one another.

After the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Orinam curated and organized protests and vigils all over the country. Orinam is also associated with the Chennai Rainbow Pride March and the Chennai International Queer Film Festival.

In 2022, the Tamil Nadu government has published a glossary of LGBTQIA+ terms in Tamil in the government gazette. This glossary, a first of its kind in India, and Orinam was one of the collectives that has been instrumental in the creation of the glossary.

In March 2023, the collective completed 20 years of existence, during which it has continuously worked towards promoting inclusivity, awareness, and support for the LGBTQIA+ community. Members of the group have also worked on policy advocacy, created safer spaces, and served as peer counselors. Additionally, they have contributed to organizing, campaigns, panels, workshops around various queer topics, drag events, Chennai International Queer Film Festival and Chennai Pride March.

### Chennai Rainbow Pride March

The Chennai Rainbow Pride March is held on the last Sunday of every June. It celebrates the visibility of alternate sexualities and gender identities and affirm the notion of self-respect as a key goal of the LGBT movement. It is organized by the Tamil Nadu Rainbow Coalition.

### Chennai International Queer Film Festival

Chennai has been organizing LGBT-themed film screenings since 2004, including film festivals in 2004, 2005 and 2006, organized by the NGO Solidarity and Action Against The HIV Infection in India (SAATHII), curated by volunteers from Orinam (formerly called Movenpick - MP).

## Resources

Orinam also creates resources that creates awareness about LGBTQIA issues for various stakeholders, including for friends and family of LGBTQ people, for those that identify as queer themselves, for LGBTQ sensitization at the workplace and educational institutions, healthcare professionals, media professionals, law & enforcement officials, and issues surrounding religion and faith. They also offers a list of resources as crisis support.

Orinam curated a series of 500-odd letters called 377 Letters with one aim: to ask people—members of the LGBT community, parents, friends, supporters—to write in to the Chief Justice of India , explaining why the decriminalization of same-sex relationships matters and demand the scrapping of Section 377.

Orinam's website also features a series of personal narratives by those that identify as queer under the section.

After the passing of the Transgender Rights Bill by the Supreme Court in 2014, Orinam published a comprehensive list of the responses of collectives and commentators, including an in-depth critical analysis of the text of the judgment.

## InfoBox

Orinam
|
|  |
| Founded | December 2003 in Chennai, India |
| Location | * Chennai |
| Website | orinam.net |


title: Orinda Academy

abstract: Orinda Academy (OA) is a secondary school located in Orinda, California, United States.

text:
# Orinda Academy

**Orinda Academy** (OA) is a secondary school located in Orinda, California, United States.

## History

Orinda Academy, formerly known as the North Bay Secondary School, is a private school that was founded in 1982.

Orinda Academy, registered as the North Bay Secondary School, was founded in 1982.

### Two Schools

In the mid 1980s, North Bay Secondary School split into two schools; Orinda Academy/North Bay Secondary School and North Bay Marin School but remained a single corporation with a single Board of Directors. In 1998, Orinda Academy legally separated from the North Bay Marin School. (The North Bay Marin School subsequently changed its name to The Marin School).

In 1994, Orinda Academy moved to its current site at 19 Altarinda Road, Orinda, with close proximity to the Orinda BART station. In 2003, North Bay Orinda School changed its name to Orinda Academy. The school is named after the city of Orinda in which it is located. In the spring of 2018, Ron Graydon, the founder of Orinda Academy and Head of School for 36 years retired. Dr. Susan Eva Porter, formerly of the Bay School of San Francisco, became the new Head of School. In June of 2022, Nancy Rowland became the third Head of School.

## InfoBox

| Orinda Academy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 19 Altarinda Road
Orinda, California 94563
United States | |
| Coordinates | 37°53′02″N 122°11′00″W / 37.88385°N 122.18344°W / 37.88385; -122.18344 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private school |
| Motto | Embracing Differences - Fulfilling Potential - Inspiring Success |
| Established | 1982 |
| Teaching staff | 12.3 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | 8 -12 |
| Enrollment | 54 |
| Student to teacher ratio | 6.2 |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Color(s) | Navy, orange and gray, formerly Navy Blue and White/Gray |
| Nickname | “Blue Jays”, formerly “Eagles” |
| Accreditation | Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) |
| Website | www.orindaacademy.org |


abstract: The Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy is an award of the Russian Orthodox Church. It was created on 1 October 2004 by Patriarch Alexiy II and the Holy Synod as a means of marking courageous service to the Russian state or contributions to cooperation between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian Armed Forces, providing spiritual and moral support for servicemen and women in active or reserve service, as well as retired servicemen. Typical recipients are clerics, generals and veterans of the Great Patriotic War, although other persons are not barred. The order is awarded in three classes.

text:
# Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy

The **Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy** is an award of the Russian Orthodox Church. It was created on 1 October 2004 by Patriarch Alexiy II and the Holy Synod as a means of marking courageous service to the Russian state or contributions to cooperation between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian Armed Forces, providing spiritual and moral support for servicemen and women in active or reserve service, as well as retired servicemen. Typical recipients are clerics, generals and veterans of the Great Patriotic War, although other persons are not barred.

The order is awarded in three classes.

## InfoBox

| Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy <br>Орден Святого благоверного великого князя Димитрия Донского | |
| --- | --- |
| Presented by | Russian Orthodox Church |
| Status | Active |
| Established | 1 October 2004 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Order of St. Innocent, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna |
| Next (lower) | Order of St. Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow |


title: Szabolcs Üveges

abstract: Szabolcs Üveges is a Hungarian midfielder who currently plays for Várda SE.

text:
# Szabolcs Üveges

**Szabolcs Üveges** (born 29 April 1991) is a Hungarian midfielder who currently plays for Várda SE.

## InfoBox

Szabolcs Üveges
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Szabolcs Üveges | | |
| Date of birth | (1991-04-29) 29 April 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Kalocsa, Hungary | | |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Kisvárda | | |
| Number | 11 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2003–2006 | Miskolc | | |
| 2006–2010 | Újpest | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010–2011 | Parma Primavera | 8 | (1) |
| 2011–2012 | Újpest | 5 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | Putnok | 10 | (0) |
| 2013– | Kisvárda | 15 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 1 March 2014 | | | |


title: Giovanni Borgia (Infans Romanus)

abstract: Giovanni Borgia, known as the Infans Romanus, was born into the House of Borgia in secret and is of unclear parentage. Speculations of the child's parentage involve either Lucrezia Borgia with her alleged lover, Perotto Calderon or Cesare Borgia, or Pope Alexander VI as his father. Cesare Borgia's biographer Rafael Sabatini says that the truth is fairly clear: Alexander fathered the child with an unknown Roman woman.

text:
# Giovanni Borgia (Infans Romanus)

**Giovanni Borgia** (March 1498  1548), known as the ***Infans Romanus*** ("the Roman child"), was born into the House of Borgia in secret and is of unclear parentage. Speculations of the child's parentage involve either Lucrezia Borgia with her alleged lover, Perotto Calderon or Cesare Borgia, or Pope Alexander VI as his father. Cesare Borgia's biographer Rafael Sabatini says that the truth is fairly clear: Alexander fathered the child with an unknown Roman woman.

## History

Pope Alexander VI issued two papal bulls, both dated 1 September 1501, in each of which a different father is assigned to Giovanni Borgia. The second bull appears to supplement and correct the first. The first of these Bulls, addressed to "*Dilecto Filio Nobili Joanni de Borgia, Infanti Romano*", declares Giovanni Borgia to be a child of three years of age, the illegitimate son of Cesare Borgia, unmarried (as Cesare was at the time of the child's birth), and of a woman (unnamed), also unmarried. The second declares Giovanni Borgia instead to be the son of Pope Alexander VI himself and runs: "Since you bear this deficiency not from the said duke, but from us and the said woman, which we for good reasons did not desire to express in the preceding writing". The pope was forbidden by canon law to publicly recognize children and did not wish that Giovanni Borgia should suffer in his inheritance as a consequence.

Giovanni Borgia was popularly supposed to be the child of Alexander and his mistress Giulia Farnese. He appeared as a companion of Lucrezia Borgia, who named him as her younger half-brother. Pope Alexander VI, in two bulls excommunicating members of the Savelli and Colonna families and confiscating their properties, was able to name Giovanni Borgia as heir to the duchy of Nepi, a property important to the Borgia family. Giovanni Borgia was also named duke of Palestrina on 17 September 1501. Alessandro Farnese governed Camerino in the name of Giovanni.

Giovanni Borgia was passed from guardian to guardian. In 1508 was with Isabella of Aragon at Bari. Eventually he ended up with Lucrezia Borgia in Ferrara. Giovanni Borgia held several other titles, including the signory of Vetralla.

He served as a minor functionary in the Papal Curia and at the court of France.

He had three daughters.

Hella Haasse constructed a historical novel around the figure of Giovanni Borgia, *The Scarlet City* (1952).

In the fictionalized historical setting of *Assassin's Creed*, Giovanni Borgia is depicted as the love child of the star-crossed union between Lucrezia Borgia and Perotto Calderon, a courier who was secretly a member of the Assassins that were working to bring down the Borgias. Giovanni is born malformed and deemed likely to die in a few days, but is healed by a powerful artifact. He is raised in the Borgia household, with Cesare Borgia posing as his father and Lucrezia as his aunt. To flee the life Cesare is grooming him for, Giovanni runs away to join Francesco Vecellio, Calderon's understudy, in the Assassin Order. Thereafter Giovanni serves as an operative for the Assassins, having an affinity for artifacts of power. For example, in 1520, he poses as a chronicler on Hernán Cortés's first voyage to Mexico (witnessing the Night of Sorrow), where he obtains a crystal skull. In 1527, he encounters Paracelsus and assists in the creation of a philosopher's stone.

In the 2011 television series *The Borgias*, Giovanni is portrayed as the son of Lucrezia (portrayed by Holliday Grainger) and a young groom named Paolo, who is then murdered by her brother Juan, Duke of Gandia.


title: Wanneroo wetlands

abstract: The Wanneroo wetlands are a series of wetlands, swamps and lakes that occur on the Swan Coastal Plain of Perth, Western Australia. They are linked very closely to the Gnangara Mound. They are in part, incorporated into the Yellagonga Regional Park and also referred to as Yellagonga wetlands.

text:
# Wanneroo wetlands

The **Wanneroo wetlands** are a series of wetlands, swamps and lakes that occur on the Swan Coastal Plain of Perth, Western Australia. They are linked very closely to the Gnangara Mound.

They are in part, incorporated into the Yellagonga Regional Park and also referred to as Yellagonga wetlands.

## Description

The wetlands comprise a series of named lakes, including Lake Joondalup (or Craigie Lake), Lake Goolelal (or Welshes Lake), Jandabup Lake (or Big Dundebar Lake), Yonderup Lake, Nowergup Lake (or Narago Lake), Coogee Springs, Neerabup Lake (or Pappas Swamp), Lake Gnangara, Mariginiup Lake, Pippidinny and Boonaddy Swamps, and Loch McNess (or Yanchep Lake).


title: Patrick Finegan

abstract: Patrick Finegan (1858–1937) was an Irish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the Bishop of Kilmore from 1910 to 1937.

text:
# Patrick Finegan

| Styles of
**Patrick Finegan** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | The Most Reverend |
| Spoken style | My Lord |
| Religious style | Bishop |

**Patrick Finegan** (1858–1937) was an Irish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the Bishop of Kilmore from 1910 to 1937.

## Early life and education

Born on 16 August 1858 in the townland of Corlurgan in County Cavan, in the parish of Urney and Annagelliff, the son of James Finegan and Mary O'Reilly of Corlurgan. He educated at Kilmore Academy and St. Patrick's College, Cavan which replaced it as the Diocesan School and seminary, he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Kilmore on 18 December 1881.

He ministered in the parishes of Annagh, Cavan, Knockninny and Templeport and was serving as parish priest of Ballinamore from 30 October 1908 until 13 August 1910 when he was appointed Bishop of Kilmore. An illuminated address congratulating him on his appointment and praying his "piety, scholarship and patriotism" was presented to him by the people of Ballinamore and was returned to the area a century later.

## Bishop of Kilmore

He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Kilmore by Pope Pius X on 11 September 1910. Finegan's episcopal consecration took place on 11 September 1910; the principal consecrator was Patrick O'Donnell, Bishop of Raphoe (later Archbishop of Armagh), and the principal co-consecrators were Joseph Hoare, Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise and Laurence Gaughran, Bishop of Meath.

He invited the Norbertine order to his diocese in 1924 and they created the Priory at Kilnacrott, Co Cavan as well as an adjacent secondary school, St Norbert's College. \[It was from this Abbey that the notorious sexual predator priest Fr Brendan Smyth would later settle and operate.\]

Bishop Finegan died in office on 25 January 1937, aged 78. He remained a priest for 55 years and a bishop for 26 years.

* Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). *Handbook of British Chronology* (3rd, reprinted 2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
* Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; Byrne, F. J., eds. (1984). *Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History, Part II*. A New History of Ireland. Vol. IX. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821745-5.

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend
Patrick Finegan | |
| --- | --- |
| Roman Catholic Diocese of Kilmore | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Kilmore |
| In office | 1910–1937; (died) |
| Predecessor | Andrew Boylan |
| Successor | Patrick Lyons (bishop of Kilmore) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 18 Dec 1881 |
| Consecration | 11 Sept 1910
by Patrick O'Donnell (cardinal) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1858-08-17)17 August 1858
Cavan |
| Died | Cavan |


title: Paul Curreri

abstract: Paul Curreri, an American guitarist, pianist, songwriter, and music producer born in Seattle, Washington, and raised in Richmond, Virginia. He performs mainly in the folk and blues music styles. He married songwriter-guitarist Devon Sproule in May 2005 and lived with her in Charlottesville, Virginia. They have appeared and toured together, performing duets – most famously for Valentine's Day. He now produces his wife's tracks, providing supporting instrumentation. Curreri and Sproule moved to Berlin, Germany in September 2011, have since resided in Austin, Texas, and now live in Charlottesville.

text:
# Paul Curreri

**Paul Curreri** (born January 28, 1976), an American guitarist, pianist, songwriter, and music producer born in Seattle, Washington, and raised in Richmond, Virginia. He performs mainly in the folk and blues music styles. He married songwriter-guitarist Devon Sproule in May 2005 and lived with her in Charlottesville, Virginia. They have appeared and toured together, performing duets – most famously for Valentine's Day. He now produces his wife's tracks, providing supporting instrumentation.

Curreri and Sproule moved to Berlin, Germany in September 2011, have since resided in Austin, Texas, and now live in Charlottesville.

## Music career

### Early years and education

Michael Paul Curreri, Jr. was born January 28, 1976, in Seattle, Washington. When he was 13, his family moved to Richmond, Virginia, where he first put bands together and performed as a musician. He was friends with fellow musician Drew Gibson and "from ages 13 to 18" they played "in bands together, writing songs and encouraging each other." In 1995 he enrolled at the Rhode Island School of Design to pursue painting.

He met artist Andy Friedman at RISD, who had dropped out of the Pratt Institute the previous year. Together they used “the umbrella of art school to learn and act out creatively,” as Friedman explained. Switching from painting to filmmaking, Curreri then ignored his coursework to write songs. He and his new friend delved into "country blues originators and inventors, from Mississippi John Hurt to John Hartford." Friedman said of his older-brother role in the relationship, “I liked that I pointed him the way of the country blues and drinking,” he said. “All the good stuff, you know?” By the time Curreri graduated from RISD he had composed "more than 200 songs" on guitar and piano.

Moving to Williamsburg, Brooklyn after graduation, Curreri and Friedman lived in a "lopsided apartment with mice and layers of peeling linoleum." They worked at mailroom jobs. Curreri would take the Martin guitar his parents had given him to open mic nights, drawing numbers to play. “Maybe you’re drunk, maybe not,” Curreri later said. “Maybe you’re a featured artist. Next thing you know, you’re drawing a number again.”

Following a spot at New York City's Knitting Factory in 2001, he received several tour invitations from Kelly Joe Phelps. Over the next four years, the two would play over 100 concerts together. After a year in New York City, he moved with a girlfriend to Knoxville, Tennessee. There he "burned through a dozen jobs." Curreri then moved back to Richmond and on to Charlottesville, Virginia.

> "I hadn't quite moved yet to Charlottesville and was working a catering gig that night, and some people asked if I wanted to go hear Devon Sproule. They said, 'Have you ever heard her? She's kind of good.' So they dragged me, and I walk in and I thought, 'My goodness, she's kind of cute' ... something propelled me onto that stage, and I think it was more than whiskey."

Paul Curreri

### Charlottesville

Attending the debut of the *King of My Living Room* songwriter series in Charlottesville in 2001, Curreri decided to make his home there. The original group of Charlottesville songwriters that launched this series of live shows included such artists as Brady Earnhart, Danny Schmidt, Stratton Salidis, Jan Smith, Lance Brenner, Browning Porter, and Jeff Romano. The concept resulted in a number of concerts, many of which Curreri would join in on – including the reunion/finale in November 2007 at the Gravity Lounge in Charlottesville.

Schmidt, Curreri, and songwriter/guitarist Devon Sproule became housemates – with Paul and Devon marrying in May 2005. Curreri later wrote and recorded a letter in song form to Danny, who responded with "Two Guitars", which he began performing live in 2009. Schmidt recorded his fifth album *Little Grey Sheep* (2008) in the Curreri/Sproule home, with Curreri serving as production engineer.

Curreri had met while Devon was performing at a show in Charlottesville when Curreri leaped on stage to add vocals to a Johnny Cash song she was singing. In Charlottesville, the now-defunct Gravity Lounge became something of a home venue for both. Curreri gave the first official concert at that venue. Many times over the years he and Sproule performed together there, receiving particular acclaim for their Valentine's Day duets.

Curreri contributed electric guitar on his wife's backup bands. They both tour and perform in the UK extensively, where they have developed a considerable following.

### Throat injury

In July 2008, Curreri suffered a throat injury, which caused him to cancel the majority of his remaining concerts for the year. He explains: "Basically I quit smoking, and it turns out that you can damage your vocal cords right after that pretty easily because they expand in their newfound health."

In the interim, he produced approximately ten records, including the debut album for the English trio Don't Move!, a soundtrack for a Discovery Channel documentary on young farmers called Greenhorns, and his wife, Devon Sproule's third official album, *Don't Hurry For Heaven*. Additionally, he slowly assembled his sixth album, *California*, which was released 2009 in the UK, and 2010 in the US. He also arranged and performed an instrumental version of "We Three Kings" for *Our Christmas Present* (2008) to support Our Community Place programs in Harrisonburg, Virginia.

He could often be seen riding his vintage 1976 Honda CB750 motorcycle through the Virginia countryside, a bike which he said played an "enormous role" in his life during the injury; however, when he returned to playing music regularly in 2010, he sold the bike citing fears that it was only a matter of time before he crashed.

Curreri called the injury "a gift," saying, "I'm looking to expand my perspective. I'm looking to find what I didn't have time to find before. I'm looking to appreciate."

In 2009 Curreri traveled to Kenya to collaborate with benga musician Joseph Kamaru and Ochieng' Nelly. He also did a few tours in Europe as Sproule's guitar player. He returned to touring in 2010 and performed with his wife at the award ceremony for the ASCAP Foundation Sammy Cahn Award for songwriting she received in June 2010 (video).

### Move to Berlin

In September 2011 Curreri and Sproule moved to Berlin, Germany after years of traveling to Europe to perform. "There have been a fair numbers of years where our careers have just primarily existed overseas," says Curreri. "The territories are so much smaller," he says, "and the access to national media is much easier. Because the territories are smaller, it's easier word-of-mouth-wise." He also released his eighth album, *The Big Shitty*, which was recorded in Berlin at Tricone Studios in January 2011. His regular English rhythm section – Euan Rodger on drums, and Joe Carvell on bass – provided the backing, with Curreri filling in the remaining instruments. Sproule also played clarinet on one track.

### Recordings

Two early demos, referred to simply as "the red one" and "the blue one," contained early versions of well-known songs like "Bees" and "Senseless as a Cuckoo" (as well as unreleased ballads). Independent Brooklyn-based label City Salvage Records released Curreri's first album, *From Long Gones to Hawkmoth* in April 2002. In June 2003, City Salvage released his second album, *Songs for Devon Sproule* dedicated to his future wife. Recorded by Kelly Joe Phelps, in the same studio he had recorded his own *Roll Away the Stone* and *Shine Eyed Mister Zen* albums, over the space of just two evenings, *Songs for Devon Sproule* captured Curreri at his simplest, and proved to be his most popular record to date. The album found Curreri accompanying himself on acoustic guitar, creating a sound similar to his concert performances. Phelps played guitar on "Beneath a Crozet Trestle Bridge." The resulting effort was an album of primarily original material influenced by country blues and folk music.

*The Spirit of the Staircase*, Curreri's 2004 release saw the return of Jeff Romano, who produced and performed on 2002's *From Long Gones to Hawkmoth*. The title of the record comes from a French expression *l'esprit d'escalier*, the things you think to say after you are already out the door. His first live album, *Are You Going to Paul Curreri* was recorded at Charlottesville's (now-defunct) Gravity Lounge, and released in 2006. Musical backing was provided by Charlottesvillians Randall Pharr (bass) and Spencer Lathrop (drums).

Curreri's fifth album, *The Velvet Rut,* was released in the UK on Tin Angel Records in June 2007. It was released in the U.S. in October 2007, on City Salvage. *Uncut Magazine* gave it four stars, while *Mojo* gave it five stars. His sixth album, *California*, was released in November 2009 by Tin Angel Records in the United Kingdom, and in April 2010 through *Hi-Ya* in the United States. The "Hometown Release Concert" for the album was held August 7, 2010, at the Jefferson Theater in Charlottesville, Virginia. Sam Wilson performed on guitar, Jonathan Mills on bass, and Todd Wellons on drums, with Nathan Moore opening.

## Reception

Curreri performs mainly in the folk and blues music styles. Known best for his solo acoustic performances, he also contributes electric guitar stylings to his wife's band, and has fielded his own band at times. He often plays all accompanying instruments himself on his recordings. Since the release in 2002 of his debut CD, *Long Gones to Hawkmoth*, as the *Washington Post* states: "he's been collecting critical praise ever since for his bluesy Americana tunes and wild-eyed tales." Other media reflections on his style and sound include . .

> Curreri is such a fluent fingerpicker that he's free of all convention or blues device, grooving and improvising all over the place. There's just a boatload of spirit and old time verve on every tune.

> . . Curreri reminds me of guitar master, Rene Lawrence, with a crazy intricate, crashing, dancing fingerpicking that simply makes sense in context with his themes . . *The Velvet Rut* comes on edgy and dirty, moves into rootsy, bluesy places, feels a little Appalachian at times, and maybe a bit like folk, but it doesn't make a commitment to any of them . . Acoustic, electric, electronica, distorted, fragile, in your face all thrown into the mix for a delightful listen.
>
> Christy Claxton, *Stave* magazine

> Gentle in thought, perceptive in lyric and melodic in finely tuned fretwork . . Curreri's finger-picking style is lilting and fluid, and there's a languid tension throughout that's created by a strong and sure dynamic sense. The flicking and scampering of his fingers weave an aural magic that complements his elusive and playful vocal style perfectly.

He and his wife perform live duets regularly, especially for Valentine's Day. In addition to the music, he is an original humorist known for telling engaging comic stories between songs.

## Personal

Paul Curreri married singer-songwriter Devon Sproule in May 2005 and now live together in Charlottesville, Virginia. Their daughter Ray Lee Curreri was born in August 2016. Curreri's father is a Naval Academy graduate and attorney. His brother Matt Curreri a musician. Paul sobered up in 2013. He's been "sidelined" as a performing musician since about 2015 with "hand and vocal problems." Curreri has been seen by "numerous" otolaryngologists without a successful diagnosis of the "root cause" of his voice issue.

## Discography

* *From Long Gones to Hawkmoth* (2002) City Salvage
* *Songs for Devon Sproule* (2003) Tin Angel
* *The Spirit of the Staircase* (2004) City Salvage
* *Are You Going to Paul Curreri* (2006) City Salvage
* *The Velvet Rut* (2007) Tin Angel/City Salvage
* *Valentine's Duets* with Devon Sproule (2007)
* *California* (2009) Tin Angel/Hi-Ya
* *The Big Shitty* (2012) Tin Angel

### Compilations

* *King of My Living Room* (2003)
* *Our Christmas Present* (2008)

## InfoBox

| Paul Curreri | |
| --- | --- |
| The Roundhouse, London, March 6, 2008 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Michael Paul Curreri, Jr. |
| Born | (1976-01-28) January 28, 1976<br>Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Genres | Folk, blues, country, rock |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, guitarist, musician, producer, instrumentalist |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, piano, keyboard |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Labels | City Salvage, Tin Angel Records |
|  | |
| Website | www.patreon.com/DevonandPaul |


title: James Boyce (author)

abstract: James Boyce is an Australian author and historian based in Tasmania. He has written four major books on Australian history and the history of Western thought.

text:
# James Boyce (author)

**James Boyce** is an Australian author and historian based in Tasmania. He has written four major books on Australian history and the history of Western thought.

## Early life and education

Boyce earned a PhD from the University of Tasmania in Geography and Environmental Studies.

## Career

Boyce is an honorary research associate at the University of Tasmania.

## Gambling industry

Following his writing of *Losing Streak*, Boyce became closely related to efforts to control the poker machine industry in Tasmania and in Australia. This work built on his previous career in social work and social policy research.

He has been called before parliamentary committees to give evidence about the harms of the industry as well as the history, as well as working with members of parliament with similar goals.

He has also written extensively in the Australian press on the topic, specifically about the deals that allowed Federal Group to gain a monopoly on Tasmania's two casinos and all the state's poker machines. He continued the fight against the Farrel family and their intervention into Tasmanian politics to ensure the continuation of their monopolies, and he was particularly scathing about their conduct during the 2018 Tasmanian state election, where Boyce claimed that "we are watching an election being bought before our eyes" due to the massive advertising blitz that the gambling industry poured into the campaign after the Labor Party promised to phase out all poker machines.

## Accolades

He has won several awards for his books, including The Age Book of the Year, the Tasmania Book Prize twice, and the Colin Roderick Award. His books have been shortlisted for various other awards, including the Prime Minister's Literary Award, and the Victorian, New South Wales and Western Australian Premier's Book Awards.

## Selected works

* *Imperial Mud: The Fight for the Fens*. Icon Books. 2020 ISBN 9781785786501
* *Losing Streak: How Tasmania was gamed by the gambling industry*. Black Inc. Redback. 2017. ISBN 978-1863959100
* *Born Bad: Original Sin and the Making of the Western World*. Black Inc 2015, Counterpoint. 2016. ISBN 978-1619024984
* *1835: The Founding of Melbourne & the Conquest of Australia.* Black Inc. 2011. ISBN 978-1863956000
* *Van Dieman’s Land.* Black Inc. 2008. ISBN 978-1863954914


title: James Boyd, 2nd Lord Boyd

abstract: James Boyd 2nd Lord Boyd was a Scottish peer. He was the grandson and heir of Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd. His parents were Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran, and Mary, eldest daughter of King James II. His father Thomas was the eldest son of the 1st Lord Boyd, but died in about 1472 while his father still lived. In 1482, on the death of his grandfather, although a minor, James became the titular head of the Boyd family. James was restored to his lands on 14 October 1482, but has been generally supposed by Peerage writers not to have been restored to his honours. He was however sasine of various lands, on three different dates in October 1482, as James Lord Boyd, and was witness to a charter on January 1484 under the same designation. Nevertheless, he was killed in a feud with Hugh Montgomery of Eglintoun in 1484, when he must have been under sixteen. According to Boyd of Trochrig, "in ipso adolescentis flore periit inimicorum insidiis circumventus". James was unmarried, and on his death, Kilmarnock reverted to the Crown.

text:
# James Boyd, 2nd Lord Boyd

**James Boyd 2nd Lord Boyd** (c. 1469–1484) was a Scottish peer. He was the grandson and heir of Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd. His parents were Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran, and Mary, eldest daughter of King James II. His father Thomas was the eldest son of the 1st Lord Boyd, but died in about 1472 while his father still lived.

In 1482, on the death of his grandfather, although a minor, James became the titular head of the Boyd family. James was restored to his lands on 14 October 1482, but has been generally supposed by Peerage writers not to have been restored to his honours. He was however sasine of various lands, on three different dates in October 1482, as James Lord Boyd, and was witness to a charter on January 1484 under the same designation. Nevertheless, he was killed in a feud with Hugh Montgomery of Eglintoun in 1484, when he must have been under sixteen. According to Boyd of Trochrig, "*in ipso adolescentis flore periit inimicorum insidiis circumventus*" (In the very young flower cut off, the enemy plots). James was unmarried, and on his death, Kilmarnock reverted to the Crown.

Attribution * This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Balfour, Paul, James (1904). *The Scots peerage; founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom*. Vol. 5. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. pp. 149, 150.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1912). *Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (Bass to Canning)*. Vol. 2. London: The St. Catherine Press, ltd. pp. 260, 261.


title: James Laine

abstract: James W. Laine is an American academic and writer notable for his controversial book on the 17th-century Indian king Shivaji, Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India.

text:
# James Laine

**James W. Laine** is an American academic and writer notable for his controversial book on the 17th-century Indian king Shivaji, *Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India*.

## Background

James Laine is the Arnold H. Lowe Professor of Religious Studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. He holds a BA (1974) from Texas Tech University, an MTS (1977), and a doctorate in Theology (1984) from Harvard University.

## *Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India*

Laine's book, *Shivaji Maharaj: Hindu King in Islamic India*, contained an offhand comment quoting an anecdote concerning Shivaji's parentage, as part of Laine's discussion of the mysteries of Shivaji's unclear relationship with his father. After publication, four Maratha scholars publicly denounced the book. A hardline Maratha group attacked the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune, India, accusing its high-caste Brahmin scholars as assisting in Laine's so-called slander of Shivaji. In view of the attacks and the public unrest, the book was banned in the state of Maharashtra in January 2004. Filing a petition in the Bombay High Court, James Laine apologized for an offending paragraph on page 93 of the book. Regardless, a warrant was filed for his arrest, and India attempted to have him extradited from the United States.

The publisher Oxford Printing Press promised to delete the paragraph from all future editions of the book, following which the court lifted the ban in 2007. In July 2010, the Supreme Court of India upheld the lifting of the ban, which was followed by public demonstrations against the author and the decision.

Laine offered a longer analysis of the dispute in 2011. He deplored the attacks on Indian scholars and scholarly institutions which he said had no influence over his choice of tone, but acknowledged that his invocation of a joke was insensitive to Indian caste politics and ought not to be defended as freedom of speech.

## Selected works

* (with S. S. Bahulkar) *The Epic of Shivaji: A Translation and Study of Kavindra*. Hyderabad: Orient Longman. 2001. ISBN 9788125020462.
* *Shivaji: Hindu king in Islamic India*. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 9780195141269.
* *Meta-religion: Religion and Power in World History*. University of California Press. 2014. ISBN 9780520281370.

1. James W. Laine: Faculty page at Macalester College: Religious Studies Department
2. "James W. Laine - Macalester College". Retrieved 2023-04-02.
3. Novetzke, Christian Lee (2004). "The Laine Controversy and the Study of Hinduism". *International Journal of Hindu Studies*. **8** (1/3): 183–201. ISSN 1022-4556.
4. 'Maratha' activists vandalise Bhandarkar Institute The Times of India
5. "India seeks to arrest US scholar", *BBC News*, 23 March 2004
6. "James Laine tenders apology for remarks on Shivaji", *Outlook*, 27 April 2014, archived from the original on 28 August 2021
7. Supreme Court lifts ban on James Laine's book on Shivaji The Times of India
8. Supreme Court upholds lifting of ban on Shivaji book DNA
9. Protests over James Laine's book across Mumbai Archived 2013-09-29 at the Wayback Machine webindia123.com
10. Hard-liners slam state, Supreme Court decision on Laine's Shivaji book DNA
11. Laine, James W. (2011). "Resisting My Attackers; Resisting My Defenders". In Schmalz, Matthew N.; Gottschalk, Peter (eds.). *Engaging South Asian Religions: Boundaries, Appropriations, and Resistances*. Albany: SUNY Press. pp. 153–172. ISBN 978-1-4384-3323-3. Retrieved 27 September 2012.


title: James Gray Kyd

abstract: James Gray Kyd CBE FFA FRSE was a Scottish actuary who was Registrar General for Scotland from 1937 to 1949 and president of the Faculty of Actuaries from 1944 to 1946.

text:
# James Gray Kyd

**James Gray Kyd** CBE FFA FRSE (9 August 1882 – 25 June 1968) was a Scottish actuary who was Registrar General for Scotland from 1937 to 1949 and president of the Faculty of Actuaries from 1944 to 1946.

## Life

He was born in Aberdeen on 9 August 1882, the son of Thomas Kyd, actuary, and later manager of the Northern assurance company. The family lived at 74 Queen's Road in Aberdeen.

Kyd attended Aberdeen Grammar School. He then joined his father's firm at the Northern Assurance and enrolled as an actuary student in 1903. He was admitted as a Fellow of the Faculty of Actuaries in 1907. In 1912, he left to join the Civil Service. This in turn led him to a job in the Irish Insurance Commission in Dublin where he stayed until 1921. He moved to London in 1926 and rose to be Principal Actuary in the Civil Service. In 1937, he returned to Scotland as Registrar General in place of Andrew Froude who had retired due to ill-health.

In 1940, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Alexander Inglis, Alexander Aitken, Sir John Jeffrey and Alexander Graham Donald. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1942.

His diverse interests led him to be both chairman (and co-founder) of the Scots Ancestry Research Society from 1945 to 1968 and honorary president of the Scottish Rights of Way Society from 1959 to 1962. His time given to these activities increased following retirement in 1948.

He died on 25 June 1968 at Hurstpierpoint in Sussex.

## Family

In 1912, he married Marjorie Amey Chalmers.

## Publications

* *The Mortality Experience of Scotland 1930-32* (1937)
* *Scottish Population Statistics* (1952)
* *Drove Roads and Bridal Paths Around Braemar* (1958)


title: Paul Coughlin

abstract: Paul Coughlin is an English cricketer. Coughlin is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born at Sunderland, County Durham, and was educated at St Robert of Newminster Catholic Comprehensive School. Coughlin made his debut in minor counties cricket for Northumberland against Staffordshire in 2011 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He also made a single appearance in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. During the 2012 season, Coughlin made his first-class debut for Durham against the touring Australia A team at the Riverside Ground. He ended Durham's first-innings of 197 all out unbeaten on 29, the second highest score of the innings. In the tourists first-innings of 159 all out, he took his maiden wicket, that of Michael Klinger. He was dismissed for 3 runs in Durham's second-innings of 185 all out by Jon Holland. In September 2017, it was announced that Coughlin was leaving Durham at the end of 2017 season to join Nottinghamshire ahead of the 2018 season. In June 2022, in the 2022 County Championship, Coughlin scored his maiden century in first-class cricket, scoring 100 not out against Worcestershire. In 2019, Coughlin married his long-term girlfriend, Gemma. In 2022, the couple announced the birth of their first son, Otto.

text:
# Paul Coughlin

**Paul Coughlin** (born 23 October 1992) is an English cricketer. Coughlin is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born at Sunderland, County Durham, and was educated at St Robert of Newminster Catholic Comprehensive School.

Coughlin made his debut in minor counties cricket for Northumberland against Staffordshire in 2011 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He also made a single appearance in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. During the 2012 season, Coughlin made his first-class debut for Durham against the touring Australia A team at the Riverside Ground. He ended Durham's first-innings of 197 all out unbeaten on 29, the second highest score of the innings. In the tourists first-innings of 159 all out, he took his maiden wicket, that of Michael Klinger. He was dismissed for 3 runs in Durham's second-innings of 185 all out by Jon Holland.

In September 2017, it was announced that Coughlin was leaving Durham at the end of 2017 season to join Nottinghamshire ahead of the 2018 season. In June 2022, in the 2022 County Championship, Coughlin scored his maiden century in first-class cricket, scoring 100 not out against Worcestershire.

In 2019, Coughlin married his long-term girlfriend, Gemma. In 2022, the couple announced the birth of their first son, Otto.

## InfoBox

Paul Coughlin
| Coughlin in 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1992-10-23) 23 October 1992<br>Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Relations | Josh Coughlin (brother) |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2012–2017 | Durham *(squad no. 29)* |
| 2018–2019 | Nottinghamshire *(squad no. 29)* |
| 2020–present | Durham *(squad no. 23)* |
|  | |
| FC debut | 1 August 2012 Durham v Australia A |
| LA debut | 27 August 2012 Durham v Hampshire |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA T20  Matches 62 42 71  Runs scored 1,950 402 825  Batting average 25.32 14.88 21.71  100s/50s 1/10 0/1 0/1  Top score 100 77 53  Balls bowled 7,900 1,476 1,093  Wickets 138 35 70  Bowling average 33.01 39.42 25.02  5 wickets in innings 3 0 1  10 wickets in match 1 0 0  Best bowling 5/49 3/32 5/42  Catches/stumpings 33/– 14/– 24/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 19 August 2024 | |


title: Paul Coulthard

abstract: Paul Coulthard, BDS, MFGDP(UK), MDS, FDSRCS(Eng), FDSRCS(OS), PhD, FDSRCPS(Glas), FFDTRCS(Ed), FDSRCS(Ed), FCGDent is a British Academic, Surgeon and Scientist.

text:
# Paul Coulthard

**Paul Coulthard**, BDS, MFGDP(UK), MDS, FDSRCS(Eng), FDSRCS(OS), PhD, FDSRCPS(Glas), FFDTRCS(Ed), FDSRCS(Ed), FCGDent (born November 1957) is a British Academic, Surgeon and Scientist.

## Career

Coulthard is Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. He was appointed Dean of the School of Dentistry at the University of Manchester in 2013. In 2018 he was appointed Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health at the University of Manchester and Head of the School of Medical Sciences. This School consisted of the Research Institutes of ‘Cancer Sciences’, ‘Cardiovascular Sciences’, ‘Developmental Biology & Medicine’, ‘Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology’, and the ‘Manchester Medical School’ and ‘Manchester Dental School’. He was Consultant in Oral Surgery at the Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust since 2001.

In 2019 Coulthard moved to Barts & The London School Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, as Dean & Director of the Institute of Dentistry, and Professor of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. He was also appointed Honorary Consultant in Oral Surgery at Barts Health NHS Trust, one of the largest NHS Trusts in England.

Coulthard has chaired several committees for NHS England that has published reports changing the delivery of clinical care in England. Coulthard is Honorary Consultant Advisor to the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, NHS England and NHS Improvement (2020 to 2023/2024).

Coulthard was President of British Association of Oral Surgeons. 2019-2021 and Immediate Past President 2021-2023.

## Research

Coulthard has been an Editor with the Cochrane Oral Health Group since 2002, Editor-in-Chief of the international scientific journal Oral Surgery 2013-2018 and was a founding Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Surgery 2002-2018. He has undertaken numerous clinical pain studies developed from his systematic reviews that have investigated intra-operative local analgesia and postoperative systemic analgesic strategies.

He designed, validated and introduced the Indicator of Sedation Need (IOSN) tool to support individual clinician decision making and determine population need for clinical service planning. This tool received international recognition and is adopted by the NHS, being used for over 500,000 patients in the UK. Coulthard contributed to the development of the 'Getting it Right First Time' (GIRFT) national programme launched by the NHS.

He was principal investigator for an international study showing the benefits of tissue adhesive compared to traditional alternatives such as sutures for the skin closure of long surgical incisions. Moreover, Coulthard is leading research improving the response of healthcare professions to Domestic Violence to those presenting with facial and dental injury. Coulthard has published over 200 scientific papers and managed a combined budget of over £185 million.

Coulthard has led and chaired several working groups for NHS England including Commissioning Dental Services - Conscious Sedation in a Primary Care Setting (2017), Greater Manchester Cluster Safe and Sustainable Programme (2012), Dental System Leadership Group and developed the Commissioning Guide for Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Supporting Specialties (Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Microbiology).

He has been an expert adviser to the British National Formulary, NHS Direct, and The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Coulthard together with British Dermatologist Irene Leigh created the ‘Barts Centre for Squamous Cancer’ in 2021 funded by Barts Charity. A centre of excellence dedicated to improving the detection, treatment and quality of life for patients with squamous oral, oesophageal and skin cancer.

## Teaching

Coulthard through his role as Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery teaches undergraduate medical students, dental students and those form allied health professional courses. He supervises and teaches postgraduate students at Master's and PhD level.

Coulthard established Barts Digital - Transforming Oral Healthcare in 2022. This programme utilises virtual reality with Queen Mary University of London having the largest number of Haptic Dental Trainers in any school in the world.

The fourth edition of Coulthard’s textbook Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radiology, Pathology and Oral Medicine (Master Dentistry Volume 1) was published 2022 (Paul Coulthard, Philip Sloan, Elizabeth Theaker, Anita Sengupta). Coulthard has authored 7 chapters in other textbooks.

Coulthard was an Advanced Life Support trainer for Resuscitation Council UK for over 10 years and taught advanced resuscitation and life support techniques to several surgical, medical and dental specialities.

## Humanitarian work

Coulthard secured the evacuation of a number of senior clinical academics and their immediate families whose lives were at risk from a global region of political instability. The sanctuary provided in the UK have enabled research capacity building whilst ensuring their safe refuge. Coulthard is the CARA (Council for At-Risk Academics) Academic Lead for Queen Mary University of London.

Coulthard is passionate about encouraging health professionals and their teams to support their patients presenting with Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA). He was influential in highlighting the increased risk of DVA during the household isolation measures imposed to reduce coronavirus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coulthard works to influence national and international policy to improve DVA victims access to resources, raise awareness and provide training to medical doctors, dentists and the wider healthcare team to identify signs of DVA and standardise the referral pathway/management.

Coulthard is Founder and CEO of the social enterprise The Bloomsbury Trust, dedicated to promoting the response of healthcare professionals to facial injury. The focus of the organisation is on using educational technologies and referral management systems to transform health and social progress through policy development.

## Global Health

Whilst continuing his clinical and academic work, Coulthard has expanded his involvement in global health issues dedicating himself to improving healthcare around the world and reducing health inequalities in developed and low-to-middle income countries. Examples of such work include de-stigmatising HIV/AIDS in East Asia, raising awareness of domestic abuse in several European countries and Brazil, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, South Korea and China. In the UK, Coulthard worked with Baroness Helena Kennedy KC to highlight the role of dental professionals in identifying and reporting domestic abuse.

Following the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Coulthard worked with a team to develop teaching material for Ukrainian surgeons whereby high-level teaching material and on-going surgical support was provided free of charge through Queen Mary University of London. He is founding section editor for Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma for the Ukrainian Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.

Coulthard has delivered training courses in conscious sedation to medical and wider healthcare professionals for over two decades in the Middle East to improve patient safety and access to care.

Coulthard has been responsible for creating new clinical specialist training programmes delivering specialists for global patient need. He is working to accelerate the growth in specialist numbers and is engaged with partners such as the Iraqi Red Crescent to deliver this and the Iraq Britain Business Council . A larger global workforce is needed to meet the challenges brought about by COVID-19, as well as better prepare the world to prevent future pandemics. Coulthard is an invited contributor to the World Health Organisation Roadmap on Public Health and Emergency Workforce.

## Honours and awards

International Union of Schools of Oral Health, UK Ambassador, Nippon Dental University, Japan,1996

Diplôme D’Honneur, Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Lille 2 University Medical School, Lille, France, 2006.

Visiting Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, 2016.

President, British Dental Association Hospitals Group, 2015-18.

Visiting Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hong Kong University, 2017.

Honorary Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, 2018. Officially opened first Centre for Evidence-Based Stomatology in China.

Visiting Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Barcelona (Kingdom of Spain) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018.

Honorary Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Manchester, UK, 2019.

FDSRCPS(Glas), Fellowship in Dental Surgery awarded for contribution of distinction to the specialty and dental profession, Royal College of Physician and Surgeons of Glasgow, 2019.

FFDTRCS(Ed), Fellowship of the Faculty of Dental Trainers awarded for commitment to excellence in education and training, The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 2020.

FDSRCS(Ed), Fellowship in Dental Surgery awarded without examination in token of experience and qualifications, 2021.

Visiting Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Airlangga University, Indonesia, 2022.

Visiting Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Jordan, 2023.

FCGDent, Fellowship of the College of General Dentistry awarded by equivalence, 2023.

## Education

Coulthard was educated at Danum Grammar School, Yorkshire. After undergraduate study at the University of Manchester he undertook General Clinical Training as a General Dental Practitioner in Manchester, Sheffield, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He then undertook Basic Surgical Training in Manchester, Carlisle and London, and also training in Anaesthesia. He completed his Higher Specialist Surgical Training in Academic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Manchester in 2000. Alongside surgical training, Coulthard undertook research training leading to the award of an MDS in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and a PhD in Neuroscience

## Personal life

Coulthard was born in Bishop Auckland, County Durham. In 1993 he married Fiona MacDougall Pearcey with whom he has three children, Matthew Bromley, Francesca Pearcey and Imogen Darcey Coulthard.

Coulthard is co-owner with his daughter, Francesca Pearcey Coulthard, of Coulthard Sullivan Dental Practice in Wilmslow, Cheshire.


title: Paul Clemente

abstract: Paul Clemente is an American politician who served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2011 to 2016. He represented the 14th district which includes Lincoln Park, Riverview, Melvindale and Wyandotte in the Downriver section of Wayne County.

text:
# Paul Clemente

**Paul Clemente** (born May 19, 1963) is an American politician who served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2011 to 2016. He represented the 14th district which includes Lincoln Park, Riverview, Melvindale and Wyandotte in the Downriver section of Wayne County.

## Early life

Clements is a lifelong resident of the district where his parents owned and operated Clemente's Bar, Restaurant and Bowling Alley. It closed in 2010 after 60 years in business. By that time, Clemente was a co-owner and manager.

## Career

Prior to being elected, Clemente was an accountant at Coopers & Lybrand.

## Personal life

Clemente's wife is Cara Clemente, who became a politician. They have three children. Clemente lives in Lincoln Park, Michigan.

## InfoBox

| Paul Clemente | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
from the 14th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 2011  December 31, 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Ed Clemente |
| Succeeded by | Cara Clemente |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1963-05-19) May 19, 1963 |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: James Stillman Rockefeller

abstract: James Stillman Rockefeller was a member of the prominent U.S. Rockefeller family. He won an Olympic rowing title for the United States, then became president of what eventually became Citigroup. He was a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History and a member of the board of overseers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

text:
# James Stillman Rockefeller

James Stillman Rockefeller
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's rowing | | |
| Representing the  United States | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1924 Paris | Men's eight |

**James Stillman Rockefeller** (June 8, 1902 – August 10, 2004) was a member of the prominent U.S. Rockefeller family. He won an Olympic rowing title for the United States, then became president of what eventually became Citigroup. He was a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History and a member of the board of overseers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

## Early life and rowing

He was born on June 8, 1902, to William Goodsell Rockefeller (1870–1922) and Elsie Stillman, daughter of James Stillman, in the Manhattan borough of New York City. He graduated from The Taft School, Watertown, Connecticut, in 1920, and graduated from Yale University in 1924, where he was elected to Scroll and Key and Phi Beta Kappa. He was also a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon. That same year Rockefeller captained a crew of Yale teammates that included Benjamin Spock. They won a gold medal in rowing at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Rockefeller appeared on the cover of *Time magazine* on July 7, 1924.

## Career

Rockefeller returned from the Olympics and spent the next six years with the Wall Street banking firm of Brown Bros. & Co. He joined the National City Bank in New York in 1930 and was president from 1952 to 1959 and chairman from 1959 to 1967. He retired as chairman in 1967. During his tenure, the bank merged with the smaller First National Bank and took the name The First National City Bank of New York.

Under each of his successors, the bank's name has changed: George S. Moore shortened it to "First National City Bank" and formed a holding company, First National City Corp. Under Walter B. Wriston these became "Citibank" (the bank's long-time nickname) and "Citicorp" respectively. Under John Reed the firm merged with Travelers Group to become Citigroup. During World War II, Rockefeller served in the Airborne Command.

## Personal life

On April 15, 1925, he married Nancy Carnegie, who died in 1994. She was a granddaughter of Thomas M. Carnegie and grandniece of Andrew Carnegie. Nancy helped establish the Greenwich Maternal Health Center in 1935. Together, they had four children:

* James Stillman Rockefeller Jr., who was married to Liv Coucheron Torp (d. 1969), who had previously been married to Thor Heyerdahl. He had previously been engaged to Margaret Wise Brown before her death.
* Nancy Sherlock Rockefeller, who married Barclay McFadden Jr. (d. 1973), After his death, she married Daniel Noyes Copp (d. 2015)
* Andrew Carnegie Rockefeller, who married Jean Victoria Mackay
* Georgia Stillman Rockefeller, who married James Harden Rose

Rockefeller died on August 10, 2004, at the age of 102 in Greenwich, Connecticut, following a stroke.

### Residences

Rockefeller lived in Greenwich, Connecticut, in a 19,000-square-foot (1,800 m2) brick Georgian mansion, built in 1929, with 11 bedrooms and 16 marble bathrooms on four levels. There are 12 fireplaces, an elevator, an outdoor pool and English gardens. His house was sold in 2004 for $13.4 million and resold in 2009 for $23.9 million.

In January 1937, he became the full owner of Long Valley Farm near Spring Lake in Cumberland County and Harnett County, North Carolina.

### Legacy

At the time of his death, Rockefeller had four children, fourteen grandchildren, thirty-seven great-grandchildren, and one great-great-granddaughter. Aged 102, he was America's oldest living Olympic champion, and the earliest living cover subject of *Time* magazine.

## InfoBox

| James Stillman Rockefeller | |
| --- | --- |
| Rockefeller in *Time* magazine in 1924 | |
| Born | (1902-06-08)June 8, 1902
Manhattan, New York City, US |
| Died | August 10, 2004(2004-08-10) (aged 102)
Greenwich, Connecticut, US |
| Education | The Taft School (1920); Yale University (1924) |
| Spouse | Nancy Carnegie  (m. 1925; died 1994) |
| Children | 4 |
| Parent(s) | William Goodsell Rockefeller
Elsie Stillman |
| Relatives | Rockefeller family |


title: Paul Gayten

abstract: Paul Leon Gayten was an American R&B pianist, songwriter, producer, and record company executive.

text:
# Paul Gayten

**Paul Leon Gayten** (January 29, 1920 – March 26, 1991) was an American R&B pianist, songwriter, producer, and record company executive.

## Career

Gayten was born in Kentwood, Louisiana, the nephew of blues pianist Little Brother Montgomery. In his teens, he played piano in local bands while also setting up his group, Paul Gayten's Sizzling Six, which featured future bebop saxophonist Teddy Edwards.

During the war, he led a band at the Army base in Biloxi, Mississippi. He then moved to New Orleans and, with a new trio, established a residency at the Club Robin Hood. In 1947 the trio recorded two of the first New Orleans hits of the R&B era, "True (You Don't Love Me)", and "Since I Fell for You", the latter featuring singer Annie Laurie. Both made the top ten in the US *Billboard* R&B chart. Gayten also backed singer Chubby Newsom on her hit single "Hip Shakin' Mama".

In 1949, Gayten expanded his combo into a nine-piece orchestra and moved to Regal Records. There, Gayten wrote the number 1 R&B hit "For You My Love" for Larry Darnell, and recorded "I'll Never Be Free" again with Annie Laurie. His orchestra toured widely, for a period adding saxophonist Hank Mobley and singer Little Jimmy Scott, and appearing on double bills with both Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In 1951, he moved to Okeh Records.

In 1956, he decided to quit as a touring bandleader and joined Chess Records as a talent scout, producer, promotion man, songwriter and part-time musician and recording artist. He discovered Clarence "Frogman" Henry and produced his first hit, "Ain't Got No Home", in 1956, later going on to co-write and produce his biggest hit, "But I Do", in 1961. At Chess, Gayten produced Bobby Charles' "Later Alligator" and played the piano on Chuck Berry's "Carol", "Beautiful Delilah", and "Vacation Time". In 1956, he also had one of the biggest hits of his own career with "The Music Goes Round and Round", followed up by "Nervous Boogie" in 1957, "Windy" in 1958, and "The Hunch" in 1959.

In 1960, he moved to Los Angeles with his wife, Odile, to run the Chess operations there. In 1968, he set up his own label, Pzazz, which recorded Louis Jordan, among others. He continued to live in Los Angeles with Odile after retiring in 1978, and died there aged 71 in March 1991.

## Selected discography (compilations)

* *Creole Gal* with Annie Laurie (Route 66, 1979)
* *Chess King of New Orleans* (Chess, 1989)
* *Regal Records in New Orleans* with Annie Laurie (Specialty, 1991)
* *Ain't Nothin' Happenin' (Cool Jump Blues 1947–1957)* (El Toro, 2010)
* *True (You Don't Love Me) – Early Recordings 1947–1949* (Jasmine, 2021)

## InfoBox

| Paul Gayten | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Paul Leon Gayten |
| Born | (1920-01-29)January 29, 1920
Kentwood, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | March 26, 1991(1991-03-26) (aged 71)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Genres | R&B |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument | Piano |
| Years active | 1940s–1970s |


title: Paul O'Neill (cyclist)

abstract: Paul O'Neill is an Australian Paralympic cyclist. At the 2000 Sydney Games, he won a silver medal in the Mixed Bicycle Road Race LC1 event and two bronze medals in the Mixed 1 km Time Trial LC1 and the Mixed Individual Pursuit LC1.

text:
# Paul O'Neill (cyclist)

**Paul O'Neill** is an Australian Paralympic cyclist. At the 2000 Sydney Games, he won a silver medal in the Mixed Bicycle Road Race LC1 event and two bronze medals in the Mixed 1 km Time Trial LC1 and the Mixed Individual Pursuit LC1.

## InfoBox

Paul O'Neill
| O'Neill on the podium with his bronze medal won at the 2000 Summer Paralympics LC1 1 km Time Trial | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Australia |
| Medal record      Cycling  Paralympic Games  2000 Sydney  Mixed Bicycle Road Race LC1  2000 Sydney  Mixed 1 km Time Trial LC1  2000 Sydney  Mixed Individual Pursuit LC1  IPC Track and Road World Championships  1998 Colorado Springs Mixed Individual Pursuit LC1  1998 Colorado Springs Mixed Time Trial LC1  1998 Colorado Springs Mixed Road Time Trial LC1 | |


title: Paul Jaeg

abstract: Paul Jaeg is an Austrian artist and writer.

text:
# Paul Jaeg

**Paul Jaeg** (born **Paul Gamsjäger** 1949 in Gosau, Austria) is an Austrian artist and writer.

## Biography

Paul Jaeg is a compositor, artist and writer in the German language. Between 1991 and 2005 he had 51 exhibitions of his artistic works in Austria and Bavaria (26 personal exhibitions, 25 in collaboration with other artists), e.g., in the City Museum of Bad Ischl, in the Egon Schiele Art Centrum, in Český Krumlov, the Künstlerhaus in Salzburg, and the Johannes Kepler University of Linz. In 1999 he received a subsidy for literature from the province of Upper Austria.

Jaeg is the editor of the cultural magazine *arovell-kulturzeitschrift* and the proprietor and publisher of the publishing house Arovell Verlag. As an artist, he developed the so-called "aloquart" conception. Jaeg is a member of the Austrian writers' association Grazer Autorenversammlung, and since 2009 curator of the House of Arts *Deutschvilla* in Strobl am Wolfgangsee. Also since 2009 he is a member of the artists' group *Sinnenbrand*.

## Works

* *Andere und andere*, poetry, Salzburg 1995
* *Trotz A bis Z*, short novel, Salzburg 1995
* *Wandere und wandere*, poetry, Gosau 1996
* *Rare Beime und Reime*, poetry, Gosau 1997
* *Ausdruck geben*, stories, Gosau 1998
* *Nur Lust ist nicht zu fassen*, short novel, Salzburg 1998
* *Schandsand im Gewand*, stories, Gosau 1998
* *Die schwarze Scheide*, short novel, Gosau 1998
* *Der Landwiener Thomas Bernhard*, Scheuring 2000
* *Tetralogie (4 Reiseromane)*, novels, Scheuring 2000
* *Verknüpft gefragt*, poetry and prose, Gosau 2001
* *Alles noch unerlebt*, prose, Gosau 2003
* *Es zieht in Österreich*, prose, Gosau 2005
* *Dachstein und Gosautal*, essay, Gosau 2008
* *Hochmotiviert & niederträchig*, poetry, Gosau 2008
* *Werke – Worte*, paintings, Gosau 2009
* *Gosingerisch*, dictionary of the dialect of the country around Gosau, Gosau 2009
* *abtasten oder zuwarten*, Lyrik, Gosau 2011

1. "Jaeg Paul | Österreichischer Komponistenbund" (in German). Retrieved 25 February 2019.

## InfoBox

| Paul Jaeg | |
| --- | --- |
| Paul Jaeg (2011) | |
| Born | 1949<br>Gosau, Austria |
| Occupation | Writer, artist, compositor |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Period | Contemporary |