abstract: The Network of African National Human Rights Institutions (NANHRI) is one of four regional groupings within the global network, the Global Alliance for National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI). NANHRI promotes the establishment of national human rights institutions throughout Africa, and supports co-operation and training to strengthen and develop the monitoring, promotion, protection and advocacy work of African NHRIs.

text:
# Network of African National Human Rights Institutions

The **Network of African National Human Rights Institutions** (**NANHRI**) is one of four regional groupings within the global network, the Global Alliance for National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI). NANHRI promotes the establishment of national human rights institutions throughout Africa, and supports co-operation and training to strengthen and develop the monitoring, promotion, protection and advocacy work of African NHRIs.

## Members

The following NANHRI members are (as of 30 May 2010) accredited with full "A status" by the ICC, hence deemed to be fully compliant with the Paris Principles:

Egypt National Council for Human Rights (Egypt) Ghana Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) Kenya Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) Malawi Malawi Human Rights Commission Mauritius National Human Rights Commission (Mauritius) Morocco Human Rights Advisory Council (Morocco) Namibia Office of the Ombudsman (Namibia) Niger Nigerien National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Liberties Rwanda National Commission for Human Rights (Rwanda) Senegal Senegalese Committee for Human Rights South Africa South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) Tanzania Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance (Tanzania) Togo National Human Rights Commission (Togo) Uganda Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) Zambia Permanent Human Rights Commission (Zambia)

The following NANHRI members are (as of 30 May 2010) do not have full "A status":

Algeria National Human Rights Commission of Algeria Angola Provedor de Justiça e de direitos (Angola) Bénin Bénin Human Rights Commission Burkina Faso National Human Rights Commission of Burkina Faso Cameroon National Commission on Human Rights and Freedoms Chad Chad National Human Rights Commission Democratic Republic of the Congo National Human Rights Observatory (DR Congo) Republic of the Congo National Human Rights Commission (Republic of the Congo) Ethiopia Ethiopian Human Rights Commission Gabon National Human Rights Commission (Gabon) Madagascar National Human Rights Commission (Madagascar) Mali Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme (Mali) Mauritania Commissariat aux Droits de l’Homme, a la Lutte contre la Pauvreté et l’Insertion (Mauritania) Nigeria National Human Rights Commission (Nigeria) Sierra Leone Human Rights Commission of Sierra Leone Sudan Southern Sudan Human Rights Commission Tunisia Higher Committee on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Tunisia)


title: Oculozomus

abstract: Oculozomus is a monotypic genus of hubbardiid short-tailed whipscorpions, first described by Reddell & Cokendolpher in 1995. Its single species, Oculozomus biocellatus is distributed in Indonesia (Sumatra).

text:
# Oculozomus

***Oculozomus*** is a monotypic genus of hubbardiid short-tailed whipscorpions, first described by Reddell & Cokendolpher in 1995. Its single species, ***Oculozomus* *biocellatus*** is distributed in Indonesia (Sumatra).

## InfoBox

| *Oculozomus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Schizomida |
| Family: | Hubbardiidae |
| Genus: | *Oculozomus*
Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 |
| Species: | ***O. biocellatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oculozomus biocellatus***
(Sissom, 1980) | |
|


title: Pleasants County, West Virginia

abstract: Pleasants County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,653. Its county seat is St. Marys.

text:
# Pleasants County, West Virginia

**Pleasants County** is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,653. Its county seat is St. Marys.

## History

Pleasants County was formed by the Virginia General Assembly from portions of adjacent Wood, Ritchie and Tyler counties on March 29, 1851. The county's namesake is James Pleasants, Jr., an esteemed former US Senator and Virginia Governor. On June 20, 1863, at the height of the Civil War, Pleasants County was one of fifty Virginia counties that entered the Union as the state of West Virginia.

In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Pleasants County was divided into six districts: Grant, Jefferson, Lafayette, McKim, Union, and Washington. These remained largely unchanged for over a century, but in the 1980s the six historic magisterial districts were consolidated into four new districts: District A, District B, District C, and District D.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 135 square miles (350 km2), of which 130 square miles (340 km2) is land and 4.4 square miles (11 km2) (3.3%) is water. It is the fourth-smallest county in West Virginia by area.

### Major highways

### Adjacent counties

### National protected area

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1860 | 2,945 |  |  |
| 1870 | 3,012 |  | 2.3% |
| 1880 | 6,256 |  | 107.7% |
| 1890 | 7,539 |  | 20.5% |
| 1900 | 9,345 |  | 24.0% |
| 1910 | 8,074 |  | −13.6% |
| 1920 | 7,379 |  | −8.6% |
| 1930 | 6,545 |  | −11.3% |
| 1940 | 6,692 |  | 2.2% |
| 1950 | 6,369 |  | −4.8% |
| 1960 | 7,124 |  | 11.9% |
| 1970 | 7,274 |  | 2.1% |
| 1980 | 8,236 |  | 13.2% |
| 1990 | 7,546 |  | −8.4% |
| 2000 | 7,514 |  | −0.4% |
| 2010 | 7,605 |  | 1.2% |
| 2020 | 7,653 |  | 0.6% |
| 2021 (est.) | 7,601 |  | −0.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1790–1960 1900–1990
1990–2000 2010–2020 | | | |

### 2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 7,653 people and 2,688 households residing in the county. There were 3,209 housing units in Pleasants county. The racial makeup of the county was 94.7% White, 1.2% African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 0.8% of the population.

Of the 2,688 households, 58.1% were married couples living together, 20.5% had a female householder with no spouse present, 18.2% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household and family size was 3.06. The median age in the county was 43.1 years with 19.2% of the population under 18. The median income for a household was $58,433 and the poverty rate was 7.4%.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,514 people, 2,887 households, and 2,136 families living in the county. The population density was 58 inhabitants per square mile (22/km2). There were 3,214 housing units at an average density of 25 units per square mile (9.7 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.30% White, 0.48% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. 0.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,887 households, out of which 32.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.10% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.00% were non-families. 22.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.80% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 14.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 100.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,736, and the median income for a family was $37,795. Males had a median income of $31,068 versus $18,077 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,920. About 10.90% of families and 13.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.80% of those under age 18 and 7.90% of those age 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 7,605 people, 2,861 households, and 2,021 families living in the county. The population density was 58.5 inhabitants per square mile (22.6/km2). There were 3,390 housing units at an average density of 26.1 units per square mile (10.1 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.3% white, 1.3% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry,

Of the 2,861 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.4% were non-families, and 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age was 42.4 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,882 and the median income for a family was $54,391. Males had a median income of $52,738 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,770. About 6.7% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.6% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

In Pleasants County, there is a single school district including one high school, one middle school, and two elementary schools. The county is also served by the Mid Ohio Valley Technical Institute, which offers vocational education in a variety of fields.

## Politics

Although Pleasants County, like neighbouring rock-ribbed Unionist and Republican Ritchie, Doddridge and Tyler Counties, voted against secession at the Virginia Secession Convention, during the Third Party System the county voted consistently Democratic. However, from 1900 onwards the county has generally voted Republican except in strong Democratic election victories, and like all of West Virginia it has become rock-ribbed GOP in the twenty-first century as a consequence of de-unionization in the coal industry.

United States presidential election results for Pleasants County, West Virginia
| Year | Republican | | Democratic | | Third party(ies) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| **2020** | 2,742 | **78.54%** | 699 | 20.02% | 50 | 1.43% |
| **2016** | 2,358 | **74.17%** | 621 | 19.53% | 200 | 6.29% |
| **2012** | 1,825 | **64.24%** | 955 | 33.61% | 61 | 2.15% |
| **2008** | 1,772 | **59.56%** | 1,142 | 38.39% | 61 | 2.05% |
| **2004** | 2,061 | **60.00%** | 1,349 | 39.27% | 25 | 0.73% |
| **2000** | 1,884 | **58.73%** | 1,267 | 39.50% | 57 | 1.78% |
| **1996** | 1,265 | 39.89% | 1,478 | **46.61%** | 428 | 13.50% |
| **1992** | 1,248 | 36.97% | 1,387 | **41.08%** | 741 | 21.95% |
| **1988** | 1,761 | **55.26%** | 1,421 | 44.59% | 5 | 0.16% |
| **1984** | 2,255 | **60.54%** | 1,458 | 39.14% | 12 | 0.32% |
| **1980** | 1,852 | **53.73%** | 1,494 | 43.34% | 101 | 2.93% |
| **1976** | 1,608 | 48.62% | 1,699 | **51.38%** | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1972** | 2,025 | **62.65%** | 1,207 | 37.35% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1968** | 1,534 | 47.06% | 1,522 | **46.69%** | 204 | 6.26% |
| **1964** | 1,339 | 36.93% | 2,287 | **63.07%** | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1960** | 1,982 | **53.22%** | 1,742 | 46.78% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1956** | 2,144 | **57.56%** | 1,581 | 42.44% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1952** | 1,900 | **53.79%** | 1,632 | 46.21% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1948** | 1,548 | **49.95%** | 1,536 | 49.56% | 15 | 0.48% |
| **1944** | 1,622 | **51.84%** | 1,507 | 48.16% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1940** | 1,896 | **51.59%** | 1,779 | 48.41% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1936** | 1,820 | 48.73% | 1,907 | **51.06%** | 8 | 0.21% |
| **1932** | 1,580 | 44.82% | 1,921 | **54.50%** | 24 | 0.68% |
| **1928** | 1,821 | **60.06%** | 1,210 | 39.91% | 1 | 0.03% |
| **1924** | 1,619 | 48.72% | 1,675 | **50.41%** | 29 | 0.87% |
| **1920** | 1,657 | **52.91%** | 1,449 | 46.26% | 26 | 0.83% |
| **1916** | 876 | 49.16% | 899 | **50.45%** | 7 | 0.39% |
| **1912** | 493 | 29.43% | 796 | **47.52%** | 386 | 23.04% |

## Communities

### Cities

### Towns

### Magisterial districts

#### Current

* District A
* District B
* District C
* District D

#### Historic

* Grant
* Jefferson
* Lafayette
* McKim
* Union
* Washington

### Unincorporated communities

39°22′N 81°10′W / 39.37°N 81.16°W / 39.37; -81.16

## InfoBox

| Pleasants County | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Pleasants County Courthouse in St. Marys | |
| Location within the U.S. state of West Virginia | |
| West Virginia's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 39°22′N 81°10′W / 39.37°N 81.16°W / 39.37; -81.16 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| Founded | March 29, 1851 |
| Named for | James Pleasants |
| Seat | St. Marys |
| Largest city | St. Marys |
| Area | |
| Total | 135 sq mi (350 km2) |
| Land | 130 sq mi (300 km2) |
| Water | 4.4 sq mi (11 km2)  3.3% |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 7,653 |
| Estimate (2021) | 7,601 |
| Density | 57/sq mi (22/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 1st |
| Website | pleasantscountywv.org |


title: Veronica Zappone

abstract: Veronica Zappone is an Italian curler from Volvera. She started curling in 2005.

text:
# Veronica Zappone

**Veronica Zappone** (born 11 April 1993 in Italy) is an Italian curler from Volvera. She started curling in 2005.

## Personal life

As of 2022, Zappone is a law student.

## InfoBox

| Veronica Zappone | |
| --- | --- |
| Curler | |
| Born | (1993-04-11) 11 April 1993
Segrate |
| Team | |
| Curling club | 3S Sys-tek,
Pinerolo, ITA |
| Skip | **Veronica Zappone** |
| Third | Rebecca Mariani |
| Second | Lucrezia Grande |
| Lead | Camilla Gilberti |
| Curling career | |
| Member Association | Italy |
| World Championship
appearances | 3 (2017, 2018, 2022) |
| World Mixed Doubles Championship
appearances | 2 (2017, 2018) |
| European Championship
appearances | 5 (2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019) |
| Medal record      Women's Curling  Representing  Italy  European Championships  2017 St Gallen | |


title: Inki and the Minah Bird

abstract: Inki and the Minah Bird is a 1943 Merrie Melodies short directed by Chuck Jones. The short features Inki and was released on November 13, 1943.

text:
# Inki and the Minah Bird

***Inki and the Minah Bird*** is a 1943 *Merrie Melodies* short directed by Chuck Jones. The short features Inki and was released on November 13, 1943.

## Plot

Inki is an African child who runs into a denture-wearing lion while hunting with a spear. The lion then chases the young native all over the place. The minah bird joins forces with Inki against the mighty lion, but proceeds to mess everything up for all.

## Home media

## Notes and bans

*Inki and the Minah Bird* was the only Inki short to fall into the public domain; all the rest in the series are under copyright.

Because this cartoon portrays stereotypes of Indian and black cultures, it is no longer included in USA television packages, along with the other four Inki shorts. It includes scenes or situations that portray potentially offensive, negative or otherwise socially unacceptable content which may be perceived as fostering stereotypes of African heritage people.

## InfoBox

| Inki and the Minah Bird | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Charles M. Jones |
| Story by | Tedd Pierce |
| Produced by | Leon Schlesinger |
| Starring | Mel Blanc |
| Edited by | Treg Brown |
| Music by | Carl W. Stalling |
| Animation by | Robert Cannon
Shamus Culhane
Ken Harris
Rudy Larriva
Ben Washam
A.C. Gamer |
| Layouts by | John McGrew |
| Backgrounds by | Gene Fleury
Bernyce Polifka |
| Color process | Technicolor |
| Production
company | Warner Bros. Cartoons |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. Pictures |
| Release date | * November 13, 1943 (1943-11-13) |
| Running time | 7 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Modern Outsider

abstract: Modern Outsider is a management company and independent record label founded by husband and wife team, Chip and Erin Adams, in October 2010 in Austin, Texas. Collectively, they have well over two decades of experience in various facets of the music industry, from radio promotion at Dangerbird Records, Capitol Records, The Syndicate and Cornerstone (agency) where they also handled digital marketing; they were in charge of editorial at the tastemaking site, TheTripwire.com. In January 2016 the label was featured in Austin Monthly. Modern Outsider was named the Record Label of the Year in 2016 by the Austin Chronicle.

text:
# Modern Outsider

**Modern Outsider** is a management company and independent record label founded by husband and wife team, Chip and Erin Adams, in October 2010 in Austin, Texas. Collectively, they have well over two decades of experience in various facets of the music industry, from radio promotion at Dangerbird Records, Capitol Records, The Syndicate and Cornerstone (agency) where they also handled digital marketing; they were in charge of editorial at the tastemaking site, TheTripwire.com.

In January 2016 the label was featured in *Austin Monthly*.

Modern Outsider was named the Record Label of the Year in 2016 by the *Austin Chronicle*.

## Roster

## InfoBox

| Modern Outsider | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 2010 (2010) |
| Founder | Chip Adams
Erin Adams |
| Distributor(s) | INgrooves |
| Genre | Alternative rock
Indie rock |
| Country of origin | U.S. |
| Location | Austin, Texas |
| Official website | modernoutsider.com |


abstract: The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny is an 1886 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is a view of Pissarro's neighbor's yard in Eragny, created during his brief period of experimentation with pointillism.

text:
# The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny

***The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny*** is an 1886 oil painting by French artist Camille Pissarro, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is a view of Pissarro's neighbor's yard in Eragny, created during his brief period of experimentation with pointillism.

## Description

This painting depicts Pissarro's neighbor's yard, with her brick house and the steeple of the parish church rising behind it. It is one of Pissarro's best pointillist images, with the most consistent brushwork and a fine grasp of the color theory of Neo-Impressionism. Deep green, violet, and blue in the shadows contrast with dots of rose, orange, and yellow to recreate the brilliant summer sun. Pissarro's great-grandson Joachim Pissarro, an art historian, declared that in this painting he "manages to blend his abiding respect for the new technical rules with a sense of freedom and spontaneity. The pulverizing chromatic effect of this new technique is extraordinary light, dazzling colors ... a brilliant energy that seems to radiate from the canvas." The frame is a reproduction of the original, balancing Pissarro's preference for white with his dealer's insistence upon gold.

## Historical information

In the fall of 1885, Pissarro met Georges Seurat and became enamored of his novel Neo-Impressionism. He considered Seurat's principles, derived from research on optics, to be the logical extension of the Impressionism for which he himself was most famous, and so adopted Seurat's revolutionary methods over the protests of his colleagues and dealer. *The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny* was painted in the summer of 1886, at the height of Pissarro's enthusiasm. He was proud of the painting, submitting it to multiple prestigious exhibitions in 1887. However, by 1889 he had wearied of the labor-intensive technique and returned to Impressionism. Thus, this canvas is triply precious for its size, quality, and rarity.

## Acquisition

In 2002, the generosity of an anonymous museum patron allowed the IMA to purchase this valuable painting from a private European collection. It had not been seen in public since 1918, and had never been on view in the USA. Chief curator Ellen Lee estimated that its value was in the millions, calling it "the largest gift for an individual object the museum has had." The painting was so little-known that the art dealer who sold it to Lee insisted upon coming to Indianapolis with a color photograph, rather than letting her base her decision on a black and white reproduction from a book of Pissarro's work. His tactic worked since Lee recalls gasping upon first seeing the image. Lee traveled to Normandy for additional research, and found the scene remained much as Pissarro has painted it; the house and church are still standing. The painting is currently on view in the Robert H. & Ina M. Mohlman Gallery and has the accession number 2002.76.

## InfoBox

| The House of the Deaf Woman and the Belfry at Eragny | |
| --- | --- |
| French: *La Maison de la Sourde et Le Clocher d'Eragny* | |
|  | |
| Artist | Camille Pissarro |
| Year | 1886 |
| Type | Oil painting on canvas |
| Dimensions | 65.09 cm × 80.96 cm (25.625 in × 31.875 in) |
| Location | Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis |


title: Namma Lacchi

abstract: Namma Lacchi is an Indian Kannada language Drama television series which premiered from 6 February 2023 on Star Suvarna. It stars Vijay Suriya, Neha Gowda and Vanishree in lead roles. This show is produced by Jai Mata Combines. It is an official remake of Bengali TV series Potol Kumar Gaanwala.

text:
# Namma Lacchi

**Namma Lacchi** is an Indian Kannada language Drama television series which premiered from 6 February 2023 on Star Suvarna. It stars Vijay Suriya, Neha Gowda and Vanishree in lead roles. This show is produced by Jai Mata Combines. It is an official remake of Bengali TV series *Potol Kumar Gaanwala*.

## Plot

Budding singer Sangam falls in love with and secretly marries a village girl named Girija living in Sampigepur. But there comes a situation where he has to choose between Girija and his career. But not knowing that Girija is pregnant, he leaves her and chooses a career. Later he marries rich Deepika. Deepika cherishes her daughter Riya.

## Cast

### Main

* Sanghavi Kantesh as Lacchi : Sangam and Girija's daughter
* Vijay Suriya as Sangam : Lacchi's father
* Aishwarya Sindhugi / Sara Annaiah as Deepika : Sangam's second wife, Rhea's mother

### Recurring

* Sridisha as Riya
* Neha Gowda as Girija
* Vanishree as Jolly Janaki
* Sushmita as Shantavva
* Vikas Kargod as Sagar
* Manasa Bhatt as Manasa
* Deepa Ravi Shankar as Sarada
* Vinay Gowda as Bhadri
* Chandrashekhar Shastri as Gopala
* Yamuna Srinidi as Cop
* Vinay Gowda

## Adaptations

| Language | Title | Original release | Network(s) | Last aired | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bengali | *Potol Kumar Gaanwala*
পটল কুমার গানওয়ালা | 14 December 2015 | Star Jalsha | 10 September 2017 | Original |
| Telugu | *Koilamma*
కోయిలమ్మ | 5 September 2016 | Star Maa | 18 September 2020 | Remake |
| Malayalam | *Vanambadi*
വാനമ്പാടി | 30 January 2017 | Asianet | | |
| Tamil | *Mouna Raagam*
மௌன ராகம் | 24 April 2017 | Star Vijay | 17 March 2023 | |
| Hindi | *Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala*
कुल्फ़ी कुमार बाजेवाला | 19 March 2018 | StarPlus | 7 February 2020 | |
| Marathi | *Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe*
तुझेच मी गीत गात आहे | 2 May 2022 | Star Pravah | 16 June 2024 | |
| Kannada | *Namma Lacchi*
ನಮ್ಮ ಲಚ್ಚಿ | 6 February 2023 | Star Suvarna | 6 April 2024 | |

## InfoBox

| *Namma Lacchi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Drama |
| Screenplay by | Raghucharan |
| Directed by | Samprathvi |
| Starring | See below |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Kannada |
| No. of episodes | 364 |
| Production | |
| Producer | J. Jayamma |
| Editor | Nitya N. Doddery |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production company | Shri Jaimata Combines |
| Original release | |
| Network | Star Suvarna |
| Release | 6 February 2023 (2023-02-06)
6 April 2024 (2024-04-06) |
| Related | |
| *Potol Kumar Gaanwala* | |


abstract: The Independent Qualification Commission (KPK) is a constitutional entity directly responsible for the assessment and re-evaluation of judges, prosecutors, inspectors, legal advisors and other members of Albania's justice system. The main duties of the KPK are as indicated in Article 179/b of the constitution:... all judges, including members of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, all prosecutors, including the Prosecutor General, members of the High Council of Justice, members of the High Prosecutorial Council, the Chief Inspector and inspectors of the High Council of Justice and all legal advisors of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court shall be assessed and re-evaluated in order to re-establish public trust and confidence in these essential democratic institutions. Headquartered in the former building of "The League of Writers and Artists" in Tirana, the Commission is chaired by the Chairperson and consists of 12 commissioners, organized into 4 panel judges composed of 3 members, who are selected by allotment.

text:
# Independent Qualification Commission (Albania)

The **Independent Qualification Commission (KPK)** (Albanian: *Komisioni i Pavarur i Kualifikimit*) is a constitutional entity directly responsible for the assessment and re-evaluation of judges, prosecutors, inspectors, legal advisors and other members of Albania's justice system.

The main duties of the KPK are as indicated in Article 179/b of the constitution:

> > ... all judges, including members of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court, all prosecutors, including the Prosecutor General, members of the High Council of Justice, members of the High Prosecutorial Council, the Chief Inspector and inspectors of the High Council of Justice and all legal advisors of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court shall be assessed and re-evaluated in order to re-establish public trust and confidence in these essential democratic institutions.

Headquartered in the former building of "The League of Writers and Artists" in Tirana, the Commission is chaired by the Chairperson and consists of 12 commissioners, organized into 4 panel judges composed of 3 members, who are selected by allotment.

## InfoBox

| Independent Qualification Commission | |
| --- | --- |
| *Komisioni i Pavarur i Kualifikimit* | |
| Official logo | |
| Jurisdiction | Albania |
| Location | Tirana |
| Authorized by | Constitution of Albania |
| Website | Official Website |
| Chief Commissioner | |
| Currently | Genta Tafa (Bungo) |


title: Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie

abstract: Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie (1555-1615) was a French diplomat and ambassador to England. He was a son of Jacques Lefèvre de la Boderie and Anne de Montbray.

text:
# Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie

**Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie** (1555-1615) was a French diplomat and ambassador to England.

He was a son of Jacques Lefèvre de la Boderie and Anne de Montbray.

## Career

Lefèvre de la Boderie was a master of household to Henry IV of France. In January 1598 he welcomed Sir Robert Cecil as ambassador to France at Dieppe. He was French ambassador to Rome, and ambassador in England from April 1606 until 1611. His correspondence was published in 1750 as the *Ambassades de Monsieur de la Boderie en Angleterre* in 5 volumes.

Boderie is known for his commentary on politics in London during the reign of James VI and I. Boderie was particularly surprised by the hunting activity of King James, who regularly absented himself from the apparent centres of power to country residences.

In 1606, Boderie noted that Prince Henry played golf, which he described as a Scottish game not unlike "pallemail" or pall-mall. Boderie also mentioned exercises with the pike and archery.

Prince Henry's riding master, Monsieur St Antoine, asked Boderie to obtain a suit of gilt armour with a pistol and sword for the prince. The armour is thought to survive in the Royal Collection. Another French armour made for Henry as a gift from the Prince de Joinville also survives.

### Lefèvre de la Boderie and the Nottingham scandal

Christian IV of Denmark visited his sister, Anne of Denmark, the wife of King James in London in 1606. When he was preparing to leave he had an argument with the Earl of Nottingham aboard ship about time and tide. The Danish king insisted it was two o'clock and waved two fingers at the Earl. Nottingham, or his wife Margaret Howard, Countess of Nottingham, thought he made a joke about their age difference. An angry correspondence ensued.

Arbella Stuart attempted to mediate in the scandal in letters to Christian's Scottish chamberlain, Sir Andrew Sinclair. Anne of Denmark asked James to banish the Countess of Nottingham from court.

Lefèvre de la Boderie was aware of the details of this quarrel and described it in his letters. He wrote of the age difference between Lady Nottingham and the Admiral. He described the argument on the Thames centering on a clock and the time of departure, and Christian IV two or three times indicating the time two o'clock with his fingers. Lefèvre de la Boderie knew that the Countess of Nottingham had written to Sinclair, and Anne of Denmark had expelled her from court, berating her as the grandchild of an illegitimate son of James V, (as a granddaughter of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray). His letters are an important source for our knowledge of the incident. Lefèvre de la Boderie said Anne of Denmark made the Earl and Countess of Nottingham unwelcome at their lodge in the park of Hampton Court in September. Boderie's version of these events was a source of amusement to Henry IV of France.

### Plague in 1606

According to Lefèvre de la Boderie, in October 1606 Anne of Denmark was alarmed by the death of a servant in the buttery at Hampton Court, and intended to move to Oatlands. She discovered the plague was also in that vicinity and wanted to move to Greenwich Palace, but the plague was there too. She stayed at Hampton Court and sent Prince Charles to join Prince Henry at Richmond Palace. Anne of Denmark kept King James, who was at Royston, informed by messages sent with the Scottish courtiers Robert Anstruther and John Auchmoutie. James was happy with Anne's decision but some courtiers were critical. The Venetian ambassador Zorzi Giustinian also reported her decision.

Boderie regarded Anne of Denmark's secretary William Fowler as a useful source of information, worthy of cultivation, describing him as an "*Ecossais et un galant homme, que je desir bien entretenir*". Boderie reported the arrest of Anne of Denmark's Scottish chamberer Margaret Hartsyde, describing her offence as slander rather than the theft of the queen's jewels.

### Scottish silver mine

Lefèvre de la Boderie wrote several times several times about enthusiasm for a promising silver mine in Scotland (at Hilderston) and the results of assays of ore from this "*mine d'Ecosse*". He commented sourly that even unprofitable silver mines were a public benefit by the creation of employment. Boderie returned to France for a time in 1609 and King James gave him a gold basin and ewer, made by the Welsh goldsmith John Williams. It is said that Anne of Denmark gave his wife, Jeanne le Prévost, the string of pearls that she was wearing.

### Final years

He was in London again in January 1610 and awaited the return of King James from Royston. In February 1610 he attended a banquet with the Venetian ambassadors. King James wore a jewel on his hat with five large diamonds, possibly the Mirror of Great Britain. In March, Lefèvre de la Boderie was concerned by the fate of four French vine-dressers aboard ships about to sail for Virginia with the Governor General, Lord De La Warr. They had not been told that they had contracted to serve in the New World.

Lefèvre de la Boderie wrote that when King James heard the news of the assassination of Henry IV of France, he turned whiter than his shirt.

Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie died in 1615.

His daughter from his marriage to Jeanne Le Prevost, Catherine, married Robert Arnauld d'Andilly. Their son was Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne.

## Boderie and the London stage

Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie was offended by George Chapman's, *The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron*, and complained to King James. He was particularly irritated by a scene in which the French Queen slapped the face of her husband's mistress. Ambassadors in London quarreled about invitations to court masques, the root of the difficulty was the idea of precedence, that another diplomat might be appear to enjoy higher status and favour.

Boderie mentions a play about a silver mine, performed in March or Lenten term 1608, by the Children of the Queen's Revels, and promptly closed after offending King James. The text has not survived. Boderie wrote that it slandered James, his Scottish mine, and his favourites. The play may have been themed around a new silver mine at Hilderston in Scotland which King James had recently taken into his own hands, as described in the letters of Sir Thomas Hamilton. Some scholars suggest that Boderie's mention of a Scottish mine, the King's *mine d'Escosse* in the play, was not primarily a reference to Hilderston, but rather to James' homosocial personal relations.

During hearings in Venice about the possible misconduct of the ambassador Antonio Foscarini, it was noted that Zorzi Giustinian had attended a performance of *Pericles*, accompanied by Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie and his wife, and Octavian Lotti, the secretary of the Florentine ambassador.

## InfoBox

| Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| France Ambassador to England | |
| **In office**<br>1606–1613 | |
| Preceded by | Christophe de Harlay, Count of Beaumont |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Spifame, Sieur des Bisseaux |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1555 (1555) |
| Died | 1615(1615-00-00) (aged 59–60) |
| Spouse | Jeanne Le Prevost |
| Children | Catherine |
| Parents | * Jacques Lefèvre de la Boderie (father) * Anne de Montbray (mother) |
| Relatives | Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne (grandson) |
|  | |


title: I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses

abstract: I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses is a 1978 Canadian drama mystery film based on the Peter Demeter murder case. The film is one of the infamous "Video Nasties", and is the first film scored by Howard Shore.

text:
# I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses

***I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses*** (also known as ***Drop Dead, Dearest*** and ***Left for Dead***) is a 1978 Canadian drama mystery film based on the Peter Demeter murder case. The film is one of the infamous "Video Nasties", and is the first film scored by Howard Shore.

## Cast

* Elke Sommer as Magdalene Kruschen
* Donald Pilon as Charles Kruschen
* Chuck Shamata as Gershen Isen
* George Touliatos as Tibor Zanopek
* Cindy Girling as Pauline Corte
* George Chuvalo as George Weiller
* Cec Linder as Chief Parker
* Richard Davidson as Barrington
* Miguel Fernandes as John MacGregor (as Miguel Fernández)
* Michelle Fansett as Johanna Luger
* Corinna Carlson as Angela Kruschen
* Linda Sorenson as Cynthia
* Susan Hogan as Secretary
* Larry Solway as Newscaster
* Ned Conlon as Judge
* Henry Cohen as Court Clerk
* Bill Walker as Mayor
* Lawrence Elion as Alliston
* Barry Bellchamp as Judge Foreman
* James Morris as Man in Office
* James Millington as Police Sergeant
* David Hovan as Reporter (as Ara Hovanessian)
* Don Ferguson as Journalist
* Kim Bailey as Cynthia's Daughter

## InfoBox

| I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Murray Markowitz |
| Screenplay by | Murray Markowitz |
| Produced by | Charles Zakery Markowitz
Murray Markowitz |
| Starring | Elke Sommer
Donald Pilon |
| Cinematography | Donald Wilder |
| Edited by | Donald Ginsberg |
| Music by | Howard Shore |
| Production
companies | Arcade Video
Astral Films
Intercity Video
Severin Films |
| Release date | * September 8, 1978 (1978-09-08) |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |


title: Plymouth Coliseum

abstract: Plymouth Coliseum, formerly known as St Boniface Arena, is a rugby field and speedway venue in Plymouth, Devon. It is situated adjacent to the River Plym near Marsh Mills.

text:
# Plymouth Coliseum

**Plymouth Coliseum**, formerly known as **St Boniface Arena**, is a rugby field and speedway venue in Plymouth, Devon. It is situated adjacent to the River Plym near Marsh Mills.

## Stadium

The stadium dates back to 1982 and has hosted speedway since 2006. The stadium has recently been upgraded by the owner, speedway promoter Mike Bowden.

## Speedway

The stadium is the home of the Plymouth Gladiators who currently compete in the Championship.

Speedway track maintenance vehicles owned by the Gladiators were vandalized in an arson attack on 13 July 2022, following a series of attacks in which club vehicles were damaged. Police opened a criminal investigation, but club owner Mark Phillips expressed disappointment at the lack of consequences for vandals and trespassers at the Coliseum.

## School Playing Fields

St Boniface's Catholic College use half of their ground as a school playing field. The field is also used by Plympton Victoria Rugby Club.

## InfoBox

Plymouth Coliseum
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Former names | St Boniface's Playing Fields |
| Location | Coypool Road, Plymouth, England |
| Coordinates | 50°23′27″N 4°4′59″W / 50.39083°N 4.08306°W / 50.39083; -4.08306 |
| Owner | St Boniface's Catholic College |
| Operator | Plymouth Devils |
| Capacity | 2000 |
| Surface | Grass/Speedway Track |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 1982 |
| Built | 1982 |
| Opened | 1982 |
| Renovated | 2006 |
| Tenants | |
| St Boniface's Catholic College (1982-present)<br>Plymouth Gladiators (2006–present) | |


title: Victor Tardieu

abstract: Victor François Tardieu was a French painter; cofounder of what is now known as the Vietnam University of Fine Arts.

text:
# Victor Tardieu

**Victor François Tardieu** (30 April 1870, Orliénas \- 12 June 1937, Hanoi) was a French painter; cofounder of what is now known as the Vietnam University of Fine Arts.

## Biography

In 1887, he was admitted to the École nationale des beaux-arts de Lyon. After two years there, he transferred to the Académie Julian in Paris, where he studied for a year. In 1890, he entered the École des beaux-arts de Paris, with the advice and support of Léon Bonnat. He was employed in the workshops of Bonnat and Albert Maignan until 1894. He also collaborated with a stained glass artist, producing a series of glass boxes.

In 1902, he married the harpist, Caroline Luigini, daughter of the composer and conductor, Alexandre Luigini. They had one son, the writer Jean Tardieu.

Shortly after, at the Salon of the Société des artistes français, he won an award that came with a travel grant, allowing him to visit London, Liverpool and Genoa. From 1909 to 1911, he was engaged in painting the ceiling of the Village Hall in Les Lilas. In 1914, he volunteered for service in World War I and worked as a medical orderly in a field hospital near Dunkirk, during which time he continued to sketch.

After the war, in 1920, he painted another ceiling, in the Town Hall of Montrouge, with a series depicting "Les âges de la vie" (The Ages of Life). That same year, he received the Prix de l'Indochine and paid a six-month visit to the Far East. Finding himself attracted to the area, he settled in Hanoi the following year. His first work there was a "Canvas of Unity" for the amphitheatre of the University of Indochina.

In 1925, he and his friend, the painter Nguyễn Nam Sơn, created the École des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine (now the Vietnam University of Fine Arts), where he served as Director until 1936.

His works may be seen at the Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon, the Musée des beaux-arts de Rennes and the Musée de l'Armée.

## Selected paintings

## Further reading

* Biography and documents @ Cục Mỹ thuật (Department of Fine Arts)
* Jean-François Luneau, *Félix Gaudin - peintre-verrier et mosaïste 1851-1930*, Presses Universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2006 ISBN 2-84516-284-7
* Robert Prot, *Jean Tardieu et la nouvelle radio*, 2006 - ISBN 2-296-00336-2
* Pierre Paliard, *Un art vietnamien: penser d'autres modernités Le projet de Victor Tardieu pour l'Ecole des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine à Hanoï en 1924,* Paris, L'Hamattan, 2014 ISBN 978-2-343-02026-6


title: Indomitable Spirit

abstract:
Indomitable Spirit is a book authored by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former president of India. The cover page of the book says it "brings together the values, thoughts and ideas of President Kalam as reflected in his speeches and addresses. Interspersed with interesting anecdotes and observations, Indomitable Spirit represents the quintessential APJ Abdul Kalam - the man, the scientist, the teacher and the President." The book begins with reproduction of a sentence from President's address to the nation on the eve of 57th Republic Day: "The basis of all systems, social or political, rests upon the goodness of men. No nation is great or good because parliament enacts this or that, but that its men are great and good." The book ends with these words of Sir C. V. Raman, the Nobel laureate from his address to a group of young graduates in 1969: "I can assert without fear of contradiction that the quality of the Indian mind is equal to the quality of any Teutonic, Nordic or Anglo-Saxon mind. What we lack is perhaps courage, what we lack is perhaps the driving force which takes one anywhere. We have, I think, developed an inferiority complex. I think what is needed in India today is the destruction of that defeatist spirit." The President Kalam winds up the spirit of the Indomitable Spirit from these words of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore:
  - Give me the strength never to disown the poor
  - Or bend my knees before insolent might.
  - Give me the strength
  - To raise my head high above daily trifles.
  - And give me the strength
  - To surrender my strength to Thy will with love.

text:
# Indomitable Spirit

***Indomitable Spirit*** is a book authored by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former president of India. The cover page of the book says it "brings together the values, thoughts and ideas of President Kalam as reflected in his speeches and addresses. Interspersed with interesting anecdotes and observations, *Indomitable Spirit* represents the quintessential APJ Abdul Kalam - the man, the scientist, the teacher and the President."

The book begins with reproduction of a sentence from President's address to the nation on the eve of 57th Republic Day: "The basis of all systems, social or political, rests upon the goodness of men. No nation is great or good because parliament enacts this or that, but that its men are great and good." The book ends with these words of Sir C. V. Raman, the Nobel laureate from his address to a group of young graduates in 1969: "I can assert without fear of contradiction that the quality of the Indian mind is equal to the quality of any Teutonic, Nordic or Anglo-Saxon mind. What we lack is perhaps courage, what we lack is perhaps the driving force which takes one anywhere. We have, I think, developed an inferiority complex. I think what is needed in India today is the destruction of that defeatist spirit." The President Kalam winds up the spirit of the *Indomitable Spirit* from these words of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore:

*Give me the strength never to disown the poor* *Or bend my knees before insolent might*. *Give me the strength* *To raise my head high above daily trifles*. *And give me the strength* *To surrender my strength to Thy will with love*.

## Contents

The book consist of 14 chapters - their names and lead lines are indicated below:

Inspiring LivesEveryone's life is a page in the human history irrespective of the position he or she hold or the work he or she performs. My TeachersGive me a child for seven years, afterwards, let the God or the devil take the child, they cannot change the child. The Mission of EducationWhen learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms, when creativity blossoms, thinking emanates, when thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit, when knowledge is lit, economy flourishes. Creativity and InnovationAn ignited mind is the most powerful resource on earth, above the earth, and under the earth. Art and LiteratureArt is a benign expression of the inner beauty in nature. Be it a cartoon, sculpture or literary composition, it elevates the beautiful spirit of life for everyone to see and enjoy. Such a spirit silently but eloquently conveys the message of love, humour, affection, and peace ..." Abiding ValuesSee the flower, how generously it distributes perfume and honey. It gives to all, gives freely of its love and, when its work is done, it falls away quietly. Try to be like the flower, unassuming despite all its qualities. Science and SpiritualityScience is the best boon that God has bestowed upon mankind. Science with reasoning becomes the capital of society... The convergence of science and technology with spirituality is touted to be the future for both science and technology, and spirituality. Tomorrow's CitizensIf India has to become developed by 2020, it will do so only by riding on the shoulders of the young. Empowered WomenWhen women are empowered, a society with stability is assured. Gone are the days when women were considered subservient or secondary in almost all walks of life compared to men. It has now amply been proved that women are capable of executing any job as efficiently as men, if not more so. Towards a Knowledge SocietyKnowledge has always been the prime mover of prosperity and power. The acquisition of knowledge has been the thrust area throughout the world and sharing the experience of knowledge is a unique culture of our country. Building a Developed IndiaWe should all create a nation that is one of the best places to live in on this earth and which brings smiles to billion faces. Enlightened CitizenshipEnlightened citizenship has three components: education with value system, religion transforming into spiritual force, and creating economic prosperity through development. Creative LeadershipCreative leadership is exercising the task to change the traditional role from commander to coach, from manager to mentor, from director to delegator and from one who demands respect to one who facilitates self-respect. Indomitable Spirit

A section containing chapter-wise references, 177 in number, complete the book. -John Wawryk


title: Modern Pain

abstract: Modern Pain is the debut album by Canadian country singer Corb Lund. Originally released in 1995, the album was re-released in 2003 after Lund's commercial breakthrough with the album Five Dollar Bill in 2002.

text:
# Modern Pain

***Modern Pain*** is the debut album by Canadian country singer Corb Lund. Originally released in 1995, the album was re-released in 2003 after Lund's commercial breakthrough with the album *Five Dollar Bill* in 2002.

## Track listing

1. Expectation and the Blues - 2:55
2. We Used to Ride 'em - 2:58
3. Untitled Waltz - 3:28
4. Your Game Again - 2:44
5. Owlsong - 2:10
6. La Souffrance des Gens - 3:11
7. Lament for Lester Cousins - 3:50
8. Lives of Attrition (The Best We Can Do) - 3:07
9. You and Your Creeping - 4:00
10. Heavy and Leaving - 3:19
11. Waste and Tragedy† - 3:28
12. Manyberries† - 2:41
13. Evil in Me† - 2:30
14. Hockey Song (live)† - 3:03
15. Sixteen Tons (live)† - 2:48
16. Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way (live)† - 3:25

†:Only on 2003 release

## InfoBox

| Modern Pain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans | |
| Released | 1995 |
| Genre | Roots/Country/Blues |
| Length | 49:49 |
| Label | Outside Music |
| Producer | Trevor Rockwell |
| Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans chronology | |
| ***Modern Pain***
(1995) *Unforgiving Mistress*
(1999) | |


title: Ingrid Haralamow

abstract: Ingrid Haralamow-Raimann is a Swiss sprint canoer who competed in the 1990s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she won a silver medal in the K-4 500 m event at Atlanta in 1996.

text:
# Ingrid Haralamow

**Ingrid Haralamow-Raimann** (born 29 July 1966) is a Swiss sprint canoer who competed in the 1990s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she won a silver medal in the K-4 500 m event at Atlanta in 1996.

## InfoBox

| Olympic medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's canoe sprint | | |
|  | 1996 Atlanta | K-4 500 m |


title: Namlos

abstract: Namlos is a municipality in the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

text:
# Namlos

**Namlos** is a municipality in the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Geography

Namlos lies in a side valley of the Lech.

### Populated places

The municipality of Namlos consists of two populated places (with population in brackets as of 1 January 2022): being the villages of Kelmen (28) and Namlos (31).

## InfoBox

| Namlos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| NamlosLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°21′23″N 10°39′28″E / 47.35639°N 10.65778°E / 47.35639; 10.65778 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| District | Reutte |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Walter Zobl |
| Area | |
| Total | 28.76 km2 (11.10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,264 m (4,147 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 72 |
| Density | 2.5/km2 (6.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6623 |
| Area code | 05674 |
| Vehicle registration | RE |


title: Neurophyseta ustalis

abstract: Neurophyseta ustalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in India.

text:
# Neurophyseta ustalis

***Neurophyseta ustalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in India.

## InfoBox

| *Neurophyseta ustalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Neurophyseta* |
| Species: | ***N. ustalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neurophyseta ustalis***<br>(Walker, 1865) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cymoriza ustalis* Walker, 1865 | |


title: I&M Bank Tanzania Limited

abstract: I&M Bank Tanzania Limited is a commercial bank in Tanzania headquartered in Dar es Salaam and a subsidiary of Kenyan based I&M Bank Group. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the central bank and national banking regulator. As of December 2013, the bank was a mid-sized financial institution, providing banking services to individuals and businesses, with emphasis on serving medium to large corporate clients. At that time, the bank's total assets were valued at approximately TSh 296.6 billion (US$175.5 million), with shareholders' equity estimated at TSh 29.4 billion (US$17.4 million).

text:
# I&M Bank Tanzania Limited

**I&M Bank Tanzania Limited** is a commercial bank in Tanzania headquartered in Dar es Salaam and a subsidiary of Kenyan based I&M Bank Group. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the central bank and national banking regulator.

As of December 2013, the bank was a mid-sized financial institution, providing banking services to individuals and businesses, with emphasis on serving medium to large corporate clients. At that time, the bank's total assets were valued at approximately TSh 296.6 billion (US$175.5 million), with shareholders' equity estimated at TSh 29.4 billion (US$17.4 million).

## History

The bank started operations in Tanzania in 2002 as **CF Union Bank**, with headquarters in Dar-es-Salaam. By 2010 it operated two branches in Dar-es-Salaam and a third branch in Arusha. In January that year, the shareholders of CF Union Bank sold the bank to a consortium headed by I&M Bank Group. Other investors in the consortium included PROPARCO, the French Development Agency, Kibo Fund, a private equity firm based in Mauritius and Michael Shirima, a Tanzanian businessman who is the largest shareholder in Precision Air. In September 2010, the bank changed its name from CF Union Bank to *I&M Bank (Tanzania) Limited*, to reflect the new ownership.

## Ownership

I&M Bank Tanzania Limited is owned by institutions and one private individuals as detailed in the table below:

**I&M Bank (Tanzania) Stock Ownership**
| Rank | Name of Owner | Percentage Ownership |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | I&M Holdings Limited | 55.03 |
| 2 | PROPARCO of France | 20.0 |
| 3 | Kibo Fund of Mauritius | 20.0 |
| 4 | Michael Shirima of Tanzania | 4.97 |
| 5 | **TOTAL** | 100.0 |

## Branch Network

As of November 2014, I&M Bank (Tanzania) Limited maintains the following networked branches:

1. Main Branch - Indira Gandhi Street Next to Nida Textiles Mills, Dar es Salaam
2. Moshi Branch - Rindi Lane Road, Moshi
3. Oysterbay Branch - Toure Drive & Ghuba Road, 344 Block F, Oysterbay Area, Dar es Salaam
4. Maktaba Branch - Maktaba Square, Maktaba Street, Dar es Salaam
5. Kariakoo Branch - Plot 21 Livingstone Street, Kariakoo, Dar es Salaam
6. Arusha Branch - Sunda Plaza- Ground floor, Goliondoi Street, Arusha
7. Nyerere Road Branch - PSSSF Plaza Building along Nyerere Road
8. Mwanza Branch - Gradia Tower, Uhuru Street Mwanza.

## InfoBox

I&M Bank Tanzania Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Banking |
| Founded | 2002 (2002) |
| Headquarters | Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Key people | Sarit Raja Shah (Chairman), Baseer Mohammed (Chief Executive Officer) |
| Products | Loans, Savings, Transaction accounts, Investments, Mortgages |
| Revenue | Pretax: TSh 3.81 billion (US$2.26 million) (2013) |
| Total assets | TSh 296.6 billion (US$175.5 million) (2013) |
| Owner | I&M Bank Group (55.03%) |
| Number of employees | 100+ (2012) |
| Website | www.imbankgroup.com/tz/ |


title: I before E except after C

abstract:
"I before E, except after C" is a mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling. If one is unsure whether a word is spelled with the digraph ⟨ei⟩ or ⟨ie⟩, the rhyme suggests that the correct order is ⟨ie⟩ unless the preceding letter is ⟨c⟩, in which case it may be ⟨ei⟩. The rhyme is very well known; Edward Carney calls it "this supreme, and for many people solitary, spelling rule". However, the short form quoted above has many common exceptions; for example:
  - ⟨ie⟩ after ⟨c⟩: species, science, sufficient, society
  - ⟨ei⟩ not preceded by ⟨c⟩: seize, vein, weird, heist, their, feisty, foreign, protein The proportion of exceptions can be reduced by restricting application of the rule based on the sound represented by the spelling. Two common restrictions are:
  - excluding cases where the spelling represents the "long a" sound. This is commonly expressed by continuing the rhyme "or when sounding like A, as in neighbor or weigh".
  - including only cases where the spelling represents the "long e" sound. Variant pronunciations of some words complicate application of sound-based restrictions, which do not eliminate all exceptions. Many authorities deprecate the rule as having too many exceptions to be worth learning.

text:
# I before E except after C

"**I before E, except after C**" is a mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling. If one is unsure whether a word is spelled with the digraph ei or ie, the rhyme suggests that the correct order is ie unless the preceding letter is c, in which case it may be ei.

The rhyme is very well known; Edward Carney calls it "this supreme, and for many people solitary, spelling rule". However, the short form quoted above has many common exceptions; for example:

* ie after c: *spe**cie**s*, *s**cie**nce*, *suffi**cie**nt*, *so**cie**ty*
* ei not preceded by c: *s**ei**ze*, *v**ei**n*, *w**ei**rd*, *h**ei**st*, *th**ei**r*, *f**ei**sty*, *for**ei**gn*, *prot**ei**n*

The proportion of exceptions can be reduced by restricting application of the rule based on the sound represented by the spelling. Two common restrictions are:

* excluding cases where the spelling represents the "long a" sound (the lexical sets of FACE // and perhaps SQUARE /ɛər/). This is commonly expressed by continuing the rhyme "**or when sounding like A, as in neighbor or weigh**".
* including only cases where the spelling represents the "long e" sound (the lexical sets of FLEECE // and perhaps NEAR /ɪər/ and happY /i/).

Variant pronunciations of some words (such as *h**ei**nous* and *n**ei**ther*) complicate application of sound-based restrictions, which do not eliminate all exceptions. Many authorities deprecate the rule as having too many exceptions to be worth learning.

## History of the spellings

The Middle English language evolved from Old English after the Norman conquest, adding many loanwords from Norman French, whose sounds and spellings changed and were changed by the older English customs. In French loanwords, the digraph ie generally represented the sound \[eː\], while ei represented \[ɛː\]; ie was later extended to signify \[eː\] in non-French words. In the Great Vowel Shift, sounds \[eː\] and \[ɛː\] were raised to \[iː\] and \[eː\] respectively. Later, the *meet**meat* merger saw the vowel in many \[eː\] words change to \[iː\], so that *meat* became a homonym of *meet*, while *conceive* now rhymed with *believe*.

Early Modern English spelling was not fixed; many words were spelled with ie and ei interchangeably, in printed works of the 17th century and private correspondence of educated people into the 19th century.

## History of the mnemonic

The mnemonic (in its short form) is found as early as 1866, as a footnote in *Manual of English Spelling*, edited by schools inspector James Stuart Laurie from the work of a Tavistock schoolmaster named Marshall. Michael Quinion surmises the rhyme was already established before this date. An 1834 manual states a similar rule in prose; others in 1855 and 1862 use different rhymes. Many textbooks from the 1870s on use the same rhyme as Laurie's book.

The restriction to the "long e" sound is explicitly made in the 1855 and 1862 books, and applied to the "I before E except after C" rhyme in an 1871 manual. Mark Wainwright's FAQ posting on the alt.usage.English newsgroup characterises this restricted version as British. The restriction may be implicit, or may be explicitly included as an extra line such as "when the sound is e" placed before or after the main part of the rhyme.

A longer form excluding the "long a" sound is found in Rule 37 of Ebenezer Cobham Brewer's 1880 *Rules for English Spelling*, along with a list of the "chief exceptions":

> The following rhymes contain the substance of the last three rules:—
> i before e,
> Except after c,
> Or when sounded as "a",
> As in *neighbor* and *weigh*
> But *seizure* and *seize* do what they please.

"Dr Brewer" is credited as the author by subsequent writers quoting this form of the rhyme, which became common in American schools.

*A Dictionary of Modern English Usage* discusses "i before e except after c". Henry Watson Fowler's original 1926 edition called the rule "very useful", restricting it to words with the "long e" sound, stating further that "words in which that sound is not invariable, as *either*, *neither*, *inveigle*, do not come under it", and calling *seize* "an important exception". The entry was retained in Ernest Gowers's 1965 revision. Robert Burchfield rewrote it for the 1996 edition, stating 'the rule can helpfully be extended "except when the word is pronounced with /eɪ/"', and giving a longer list of exceptions, including words excluded from Fowler's interpretation. Robert Allen's 2008 pocket edition states, "The traditional spelling rule ' *i* before *e* except after *c* ' should be extended to include the statement 'when the combination is pronounced **-ee-** '". Jeremy Butterfield's 2015 edition suggests both "when ... pronounced *-ee-*" and "except when ... pronounced *-ay-*" as extensions to the rhyme, as well as listing various classes of exception.

In 1932 Leonard B. Wheat examined the rules and word lists found in various American elementary school spelling books. He calculated that, of the 3,876 words listed, 128 had *ei* or *ie* in the spelling; of these, 83 conformed to I-before-E, 6 to except-after-C, and 12 to sounded-like-A. He found 14 words with *i-e* in separate syllables, and 2 with *e-i* in separate syllables. This left 11 "irregular" words: 3 with *cie* (*ancient, conscience, efficiency*) and 8 with *ei* (*either, foreign, foreigner, height, leisure, neither, seize, their*). Wheat concluded, "If it were not for the fact that the jingle of the rule makes it easy to remember (although not necessarily easy to apply), the writer would recommend that the rule be reduced to '*I* usually comes before *e*,' or that it be discarded entirely".

## Modern views

Sandra Wilde in 1990 claimed the sounded-like-E version of the rule was one of only two sound–letter correspondence rules worth teaching in elementary schools. The rule was covered by five of nine software programs for spelling education studied by Barbara Mullock in 2012.

Edward Carney's 1994 *Survey of English Spelling* describes the \["long-e" version of the\] rule as "peculiar":

> Its practical use is ... simply deciding between two correspondences for /iː/ that are a visual metathesis of each other. It is not a general graphotactic rule applicable to other phonemes. So, although *seize* and *heinous* (if you pronounce it with /iː/ rather than /eɪ/) are exceptions, *heifer*, *leisure* with /e/≡⟨ei⟩ or *rein*, *vein* with /eɪ/≡⟨ei⟩ are not exceptions; ⟨ie⟩ is not a usual spelling of /e/ or /eɪ/.

As to the usefulness of the rule, he says:

> Such rules are warnings against common pitfalls for the unwary. Nevertheless, selection among competing correspondences has never been, and could never be, covered by such aids to memory.

The converse of the "except after c" part is Carney's spelling-to-sound rule E.16: in the sequence ⟨cei⟩, the ⟨ei⟩ is pronounced /iː/. In Carney's test wordlist, all eight words with ⟨cei⟩ conform to this rule, which he thus describes as being a "marginal" rule with an "efficiency" of 100%. Rarer words not in the wordlist may not conform; for example, in *haecceity*, *ceilidh*, and *enceinte* the *ei* represents /.ɪ/, //, and /æ/ respectively.

Mark Wainwright's FAQ posting interprets the rule as applying only to the FLEECE vowel, not the NEAR vowel; he regards it as useful if "a little common sense" is used for the exceptions. The FAQ includes a 1996 response to Wainwright by an American, listing variations on the rule and their exceptions, contending that even the restricted version has too many exceptions, and concluding "Instead of trying to defend the 'rule' or 'guideline', "'i' before 'e' except after 'c'", why don't we all just agree that it is dumb and useless, and be content just to laugh at it?"

Kory Stamper of Merriam-Webster has said the neighbor-and-weigh version is "chocked with tons of exceptions", listing several types. On Language Log in 2006, Mark Liberman suggested that the alternative "i before e, no matter what" was more reliable than the basic rule. On the same blog in 2009, Geoff Pullum wrote, 'The rule is always taught, by anyone who knows what they are doing, as "i before e except after c when the sound is 'ee'."'

*Teaching English Spelling* (Cambridge University Press, 2000) provides a system of sound–spelling correspondences aimed at correcting common spelling errors among native and ESL students. The chapter "The sound 'e' (/iː/)" has sections on spellings "ee", "ea", "-y" and "ie and ei", the last of which uses "I before E except after C" and lists five "common exceptions" *(caffeine, codeine, protein, seize, weird)*.

The 2009 edition of *Support for Spelling*, by the English Department for Education, suggests an "Extension activity" for Year five (10-year-olds):

* Children investigate the rule **i** before **e** except after **c**. Does this always apply? What sound does **ie** make in these words?

In the Appendix, after a list of nine "useful spelling guidelines", there is a note:

* The **i** before **e** except after **c** rule is not worth teaching. It applies only to words in which the **ie** or **ei** stands for a clear /**ee**/ sound and unless this is known, words such as *sufficient*, *veil* and *their* look like exceptions. There are so few words where the **ei** spelling for the /**ee**/ sound follows the letter **c** that it is easier to learn the specific words: *receive*, *conceive*, *deceive* (+ the related words *receipt*, *conceit*, *deceit*), *perceive* and *ceiling*.

There were widespread media reports of this recommendation, which generated some controversy.

The *Oxford Dictionaries* website of Oxford University Press states "The rule only applies when the sound represented is 'ee', though. It doesn't apply to words like *science* or *efficient*, in which the *–ie-* combination does follow the letter *c* but isn't pronounced 'ee'."

David Crystal discusses the rule in his 2012 history of English spelling. He first restricts it to the // vowel, then accounts for several classes of exception. He states that, while the exceptions are fewer and rarer than the words that follow the rule, there are too many to learn by heart; the factors are "too great to reduce to a simple rule", but "a basic knowledge of grammar and word-history" can handle them.

Educationalist Greg Brooks says the long-e qualification "is hardly ever mentioned, perhaps because it is difficult to explain to children"; the except-after-C part "works very poorly"; and the mnemonic "should be consigned to oblivion".

## Exceptions

The following sections list exceptions to the basic form; many are not exceptions to the augmented forms.

Words that break both the "I before E" part and the "except after C" part of the rule include cheiromancies, cleidomancies, eigenfrequencies, obeisancies and oneiromancies, as well as Pleistocene from the geologic time scale.

### cie

Some large groups of words have *cie* in the spelling. Few common words have the *cei* spelling handled by the rule: verbs ending *-ceive* and their derivatives (*perceive*, *deceit*, *transceiver*, *receipts*, etc.), and *ceiling*. The BBC trivia show *QI* claimed there were 923 words spelled *cie*, 21 times the number of words that conform to the rule's stated exception by being written with *cei*. These figures were generated by a QI fan from a Scrabble wordlist. The statistic was repeated by UberFacts.

#### With the "long e" vowel

The vowel represented by *ie* in words spelled *cie* is rarely the "long e" vowel of FLEECE (/iː/), so few words are exceptions to the version of the rule restricted to that sound. Among them are *specie*, *species*.

For those with *happy*-tensing accents, the final *y* in words ending *-cy* has the FLEECE vowel, and therefore so do inflected forms ending *-cies* or *-cied* (*fancied*, *policies*, etc.).

If the vowel of NEAR (/ɪər/) is considered as "long e", then words ending *-cier* may also be exceptions. Possible examples include: *fancier*, if pronounced with two rather than three syllables; or *financier*, if stressed on the final syllable or pronounced with a *happy*-tensing accent.

#### With other sounds

These are exceptions to the basic and "long a" versions of the rhyme, but not to the "long e" version.

Types include:

* Adding suffix *-er* to root in *-cy*, giving a two-syllable ending *-cier*; For example, *fancier* (adjective "more fancy", or noun "one who fancies")
* Words of Latin origin with a root ending in *c(i)* followed by a suffix or inflexion starting in *(i)e*; such as
    + *fac* or *fic* "do; make" (*efficient, stupefacient*, etc.)
    + *soc* "sharing; kin" (*society*)
    + *sci* "know" (*science, prescient*, etc.)
* Others: *ancient*, *concierge*, *glacier*

### ei not preceded by c

Many words have *ei* not preceded by *c*. In the sections that follow, most derived forms are omitted; for example, as well as *seize*, there exist *disseize* and *seizure*. Words are grouped by the phonemes (sounds) corresponding to *ei* or *ie* in the spelling; each phoneme is represented phonetically as at Help:IPA/English and, where applicable, by the keyword in John C. Wells' lexical sets.

An asterisk\* after a word indicates the pronunciation implied is one of several found. Some have an /iː/ variant more common in America than Britain (e.g. *sheikh*, *leisure*, *either* have /eɪ/, /ɛ/, /aɪ/ respectively).

#### With the "long e" vowel

Words where *ei*, not preceded by *c*, represents the vowel of FLEECE (/iː/), are the only exceptions to the strictest British interpretation of the "long e" version of the rhyme. Less strict interpretations admit as exceptions those words where *eir*, not preceded by *c*, represents the vowel of NEAR (/ɪər/).

Some categories of exception:

* Many proper names, often because they are adopted from other languages. Fowler says the rule "is useless with proper names"; Carney says "As one might expect of any rule, there are likely to be even more exceptions in names, many of which are Scottish":
* Chemical names ending in *-ein* or *-eine* (*caffeine, casein, codeine, phthalein, protein,* etc.). Here *-ein(e)* was originally pronounced as two syllables /iː.ɪn/
* Scottish English words (*deil, deid, weill,* etc.) Mark Wainwright writes "There are many exceptions in Scots, so speakers with a large Scots vocabulary may as well give up on this rule."

Other exceptions:

/iː/ FLEECE*either\*, heinous\*, inveigle\*, keister, leisure\*, monteith, neither\*, obeisance\*, seize, seizin, sheikh\*, teiid* /ɪər/ NEAR*madeira, weir, weird*. (This sound may also be spelled *ier*, as in *pierce*.)

#### With the "long a" vowel

There are many words where *ei*, not preceded by *c*, represents the vowel of FACE (/eɪ/). There are a few where *eir*, not preceded by *c*, represents the vowel of SQUARE (/ɛər/). These groups of words are exceptions only to the basic form of the rhyme; they are excluded from both of the common restricted forms.

/eɪ/ FACE * With *eigh* spelling: *eight, freight, heigh-ho\*, inveigh, neigh, neighbo(u)r, sleigh, weigh*
* Others: *abseil, beige, capoeira, cleidoic, deign, dreidel, feign, feint, geisha, glei, greige, greisen, heinous\*, inveigle\*, nonpareil\*, obeisance\*, peignoir\*, reign, rein, seiche, seidel, seine, sheikh\*, skein, surveillance, veil, vein*. (While Carney says this sound is never spelled *ie*, the last vowel in *lingerie** is often the FACE vowel.).

/ɛər/ SQUARE*heir, their*. (This sound is never spelled *ier*)

#### With other sounds

These are exceptions to the basic and "long a" versions of the rhyme, but not to the "long e" version.

/aɪ/ PRICE * German origin: *einsteinium, gneiss, leitmotiv, Rottweiler, stein, zeitgeist*.
* Others: *eider, either\*, feisty, heigh-ho\*, height, heist, kaleidoscope, neither\*, seismic, sleight*

(This sound may also be spelled *ie*, but only at the end of a morpheme as in *die, pies, cried*.) /ɪ/ or /ə/ (see weak-vowel merger)*counterfeit, cuneiform\*, foreign, forfeit, reveille\*, sovereign, surfeit* /ɛ/ DRESS*heifer, leisure\*, nonpareil\*, peignoir\**. (This sound is spelled *ie* in the word *friend*.) /æ/ TRAP*reveille\** /ɜ/ NURSE*O'Beirne* *e* and *i* in separate segments (and often separate syllables or morphemes) * Prefixes *de-* or *re-* before words starting with *i* (*deindustrialize, reignite,* etc.)
* Inflection *-ing* of those verbs with roots ending in *-e* that do not drop the *e* (*being, seeing, swingeing,* etc.)
* Others: *albeit, atheism, cuneiform\*, deify\*, deity\*, herein, nuclei, onomatopoeia*

The rhyme is mentioned in several films and TV episodes about spelling bees, including *A Boy Named Charlie Brown*, *The Simpsons* episode "I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can", The Pen Is Mightier Than the Pencil episode of *The Odd Couple*, and an episode of *Arthur*; and also in the musical *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer*, when Huckleberry Finn is being taught how to read. The rhyme was used as a climactic plot device in the 1990 *TaleSpin* episode "Vowel Play" when Kit corrects Baloo's spelling by reciting the second half ("or when sounding like A, as in neighbour or weigh") of the mnemonic.

*I Before E (Except After C): Old-School Ways To Remember Stuff* was a miscellany released in the UK for the Christmas 2007 "stocking filler" market, which sold well.

"I Before E Except After C" is a song on Yazoo's 1982 album *Upstairs at Eric's*. The Jackson 5's 1970 hit "ABC" has the lyric "I before E except after C". "I before E except after C" was a 1963 episode of the TV series *East Side/West Side*.

*I Before E* is the name of both a short-story collection by Sam Kieth and a music album by Carissa's Wierd, in each case alluding to the unusual spelling of the creator's name.

Until the 1930s, Pierce City, Missouri was named "Peirce City", after Andrew Peirce. A 1982 attempt to revert to the original spelling was rejected by the United States Census Bureau.

Comedian Brian Regan employs the rule in a joke on his debut CD *Live* in the track *Stupid in School,* where he states it as "I before E, except after C, and with sounding like A, as in neighbor and weigh, and on weekends and holidays and all throughout May, and you'll always be wrong no matter what you say!"

## Footnote

### Sources

* Carney, Edward (1994). *A survey of English spelling*. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-09270-8. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
* Upward, Christopher; Davidson, George (2011-09-15). *The History of English Spelling*. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-4297-0. Retrieved 24 March 2016.

### Citations

1. Carney 1994, §2.8.2 pp.67–68
2. Wheat, Leonard B. (May 1932). "Four Spelling Rules". *The Elementary School Journal*. **32** (9). University of Chicago Press: 697–706. doi:10.1086/456796. JSTOR 996052. S2CID 144229809.
3. Stamper, Kory. "I before E" (Adobe Flash). *Ask the Editor*. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
4. Liberman, Mark (18 November 2006). "Mrs. Olsen gets a D". *Language Log*. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
5. "Support for Spelling" (PDF). *The National Strategies: Primary Framework: Literacy Framework*. Department for Education. February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
6. Scragg, D. G. (1974). *A History of English Spelling*. Manchester University Press. pp. 49 (text and fn.1). ISBN 978-0-7190-0553-4. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
7. Upward and Davidson 2011, pp.127–8
8. Laurie, James Stuart (1866). *Manual of English spelling*. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co. p. 59. OCLC 266992241. Retrieved 4 April 2013. Laurie's book erroneously lists *conscience*, *seine*, *seize*, and *seizure* under "ei" rather than under "exceptions".
9. "Laurie's Manual of English Spelling". *The Bookseller* (109). J. Whitaker: 15. 31 January 1867. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
10. Quinion, Michael (4 July 2009). "I before E except after C". *World Wide Words*. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
11. Tallant, Anne (1834). *The practice book; containing lessons in dictating, with questions, intended to remove difficulties in English instruction, and to communicate interesting historical and natural facts* (2nd ed.). London: J. Hatchard & Son. p. 68, fn. Retrieved 27 February 2011. As a little confusion is experienced by scholars, when spelling dissyllable verbs ending in *ie*, it is well to remember that when the diphthong is preceded by *c*, it is invariably *ei*,—ex: perceive, deceive, conceive, &c, and when preceded by any other consonant, *ie*, ex:—believe, reprieve, retrieve, &c.
12. Michôd, John (1855). "Vowels: Rule 5". *Orthographic aids; or, Mnemonics for spelling and exercises in derivation*. London: Longman. p. . Retrieved 25 February 2011.
The Diphthong **ei** when it sounds like long **e**,
*Most frequently follows* the consonant **c**;
*Reverse* it, and then if it still sound the same,
It follows a consonant *not* **c** by name,
Except in such words as—*counterfeit*, *seizure*,
*Plebeian* and Proper Names such as Madeira.
13. Mongan, James Roscoe (1862). *The practical spelling book* (2nd ed.). London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co. pp. 13, fn. Retrieved 27 February 2011. Unless preceded by a *c*, / The *i* is placed before the *e*.
14. Colquhoun, John Stuart (1871). "Rules for Spelling English Words". *A compendious grammar and philological hand-book of the English language*. Griffith & Farran. p. 15. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
15. Wainwright, Mark (September 1997). "I before E except after C". alt.english.usage. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
16. Pullum, Geoff (22 June 2009). "I before E". *Language Log*. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
17. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1880). *Rules for English spelling*. p. 48. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
18. Reed, Alonzo (1884). *Word lessons: A complete speller adapted for use in the higher primary, intermediate, and grammar grades*. Clark & Maynard. pp. 101–102: §§143–146. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
19. California State Board of Education (1886). *Speller*. State Printing Office. p. 127. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
20. Gillingham, Anna; Stillman, Bessie Whitmore (1970). *Remedial training for children with specific disability in reading, spelling, and penmanship*. Educators Publishing Service. p. 173. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
21. Fowler, Henry Watson (1926). "Spelling points; §4: Miscellaneous". *A Dictionary of Modern English Usage* (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 556. OCLC 318492.
22. Fowler, Henry Watson (1965). "Spelling points; §4: Miscellaneous". In Ernest Gowers (ed.). *Fowler's Modern English Usage* (2nd ed.). Great Britain: Oxford University Press. pp. 577–578. OCLC 318483.
23. Burchfield, Robert William (1996). "i before e except after c". *The New Fowler's Modern English Usage* (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869126-2. OCLC 36063311.
24. Allen, Robert (2008-06-26). "i before e". *Pocket Fowler's Modern English Usage*. OUP Oxford. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-19-923258-1. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
25. Butterfield, Jeremy (March 2015). *Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage* (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 390–391. ISBN 978-0-19-966135-0.
26. Mullock, Barbara (2012). "An Examination of Commercial Spelling Programs for Upper Primary Level students". *Australasian Journal of Special Education*. **36** (2): 172–195. doi:10.1017/jse.2012.14. ISSN 1030-0112.
27. Wilde, Sandra (1990). "Spelling textbooks: A critical review". *Linguistics and Education*. **2** (3): 259–280. doi:10.1016/S0898-5898(05)80022-1. ISSN 0898-5898.cited in Mullock.
28. Carney 1994, p.74
29. Carney 1994, p.314
30. See *Collins English Dictionary* and *Webster's New World College Dictionary* (4th ed.) pronunciations for haecceity, ceilidh, enceinte
31. Cunningham, Bob (23 February 2002). "Exceptions to the rule 'I before E except after C'". *FAQ*. alt.usage.english. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
32. Shemesh, Ruth; Waller, Sheila (2000). *Teaching English Spelling: A Practical Guide*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 228–234. ISBN 978-0-521-63971-2.
33. "i before e except after c". *Oxford Dictionaries Online*. Oxford University Press. 2010. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
34. Crystal, David (2012-09-06). "Ch.24: Spelling 'rules'". *Spell It Out: The singular story of English spelling*. Profile Books. pp. 177–186. ISBN 978-1-84668-568-2. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
35. Brooks, Greg (July 2017) \[2015\]. "6.1 'i before e except after c'". *Dictionary of the British English Spelling System*. Open Book. ISBN 978-2-8218-7627-9. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
36. "I Before E Except After C". *QI Series 8 Ep 14 Hocus Pocus Preview*. YouTube. 16 December 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
37. "Series H, Episode 14: Hocus Pocus". *QI Talk Forum*. 21 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
38. UberFacts (6 July 2014). "Tweet 485804692292009985". *Twitter*. Retrieved 9 November 2016. There are 923 words in the English language that break the "I before E" rule. Only 44 words actually follow that rule.
39. Carney 1994, §3.3.2.2 p.161
40. "Definition of capoeira". *Collins English Dictionary*. Collins. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
41. Carney 1994, p.168
42. Carney 1994, §3.3.2.1 pp.151–2
43. "Mnemony clever ways to remember stuff". *The Daily Telegraph*. 12 December 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
44. "BA book prize lists 20". *The Bookseller*. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
45. United Press International (1 September 1982). "Bureau sticks with 'i' before 'e'". *The Bulletin*. Bend, Oregon. p. 15. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
46. Wikiquote:Brian Regan


title: John de Pembroke

abstract: John de Pembroke was a Welsh-born judge who held several senior offices in Ireland, including that of Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland. He was born in Pembrokeshire. Nothing is known of his family. He was in the service of the English Crown by 1348. He was then appointed third Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland). He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1350 and subsequently Escheator of Ireland. In 1361 he was charged with the onerous task of supervising and enrolling all debts, receipts, accounts, allowances and assignments in the Exchequer in Dublin. He was still living in 1377, when he petitioned the Crown for repayment of the expenses incurred in his recent journey to County Meath with Alexander de Balscot, the Lord Treasurer of Ireland, to levy the King's debts and transact all of the King's other business, for which he had received no reward. On foot of his petition he was awarded £4. A second John of Pembroke, who was also a Baron of the Irish Exchequer in the 1380s, was probably a relative of the first John.

text:
# John de Pembroke

**John de Pembroke** (died after 1377) was a Welsh-born judge who held several senior offices in Ireland, including that of Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland.

He was born in Pembrokeshire. Nothing is known of his family. He was in the service of the English Crown by 1348. He was then appointed third Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland). He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1350 and subsequently Escheator of Ireland. In 1361 he was charged with the onerous task of supervising and enrolling all debts, receipts, accounts, allowances and assignments in the Exchequer in Dublin.

He was still living in 1377, when he petitioned the Crown for repayment of the expenses incurred in his recent journey to County Meath with Alexander de Balscot, the Lord Treasurer of Ireland, to levy the King's debts and transact all of the King's other business, for which he had received no reward. On foot of his petition he was awarded £4.

A second John of Pembroke, who was also a Baron of the Irish Exchequer in the 1380s, was probably a relative of the first John.

* Ball, F. Elrington *The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921* John Murray 2 Volumes London 1926
* Smyth, Constantine Joseph *A Chronicle of the Law Officers of Ireland* London Butterworths 1839


title: Modern News Building

abstract: The Modern News Building is a historic commercial building at 216 North Main Street in downtown Harrisburg, Arkansas. It is a single-story rectangular brick building, with a flat roof and simple styling. A tall front steps down toward the rear of the building, with the side walls capped in ceramic tile. The original building measured only 40 feet deep, in 1910 an addition of 15 feet was added, then as additional 20 feet was added in 1952. The facade is three bays wide, with a center entry flanked by recessed windows. The brick facade was changed from the original design in 1953 as an attempt to modernize the building. Included in the gallery of this article, are a couple photos showing the original facade. A canvas awning extends across the facade. The building was built in 1896, and is significant as the home of The Modern News, which has been Harrisburg's newspaper until 2018. An account in an 1896 Modern News paper, revealed the correct date of construction to be 1896, rather than the more commonly believed date of 1888. Prior to 1896, it is believed the newspaper was run from the courthouse. L.D. Freeman purchased the newspaper in Harrisburg and changed its name in 1888. Before Freeman bought the business, the newspaper was called The Arkansas Tribune, and it is unclear of what date that started, though it would have been around 1873. It is local folklore that the original printing press that was being replaced was too large and heavy to remove from the structure, so someone went under the building, dug a hole deep enough for the press to fit, cut the floor out from underneath it, and buried it, sealing it with a new concrete floor throughout. It is a great pride the people of Harrisburg, Arkansas have that we possess most all of the original prints of the Modern News Paper in their original binding. Poinsett County Historical Society has worked with the Poinsett County Library to document these fragile historical documents by use of a scanner to help digitize them so they are more accessible to the public. The scans can be seen and studied at the local library just around the corner from the newspaper building. In addition to the collection of Modern News papers, several dozen original copies of The Arkansas Tribune from the 1870s are also still in existence. The building was sold in 2019 from an heir of the original founders. The building is now used as an event venue operating under the same name. The space is used to host parties, weddings, gatherings, etc. This building remains a local landmark, despite the newspaper closing its doors. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

text:
# Modern News Building

The **Modern News Building** is a historic commercial building at 216 North Main Street in downtown Harrisburg, Arkansas. It is a single-story rectangular brick building, with a flat roof and simple styling. A tall front steps down toward the rear of the building, with the side walls capped in ceramic tile. The original building measured only 40 feet deep, in 1910 an addition of 15 feet was added, then as additional 20 feet was added in 1952. The facade is three bays wide, with a center entry flanked by recessed windows. The brick facade was changed from the original design in 1953 as an attempt to modernize the building. Included in the gallery of this article, are a couple photos showing the original facade. A canvas awning extends across the facade. The building was built in 1896, and is significant as the home of *The Modern News*, which has been Harrisburg's newspaper until 2018. An account in an 1896 Modern News paper, revealed the correct date of construction to be 1896, rather than the more commonly believed date of 1888. Prior to 1896, it is believed the newspaper was run from the courthouse. L.D. Freeman purchased the newspaper in Harrisburg and changed its name in 1888. Before Freeman bought the business, the newspaper was called *The Arkansas Tribune,* and it is unclear of what date that started, though it would have been around 1873*.* It is local folklore that the original printing press that was being replaced was too large and heavy to remove from the structure, so someone went under the building, dug a hole deep enough for the press to fit, cut the floor out from underneath it, and buried it, sealing it with a new concrete floor throughout. It is a great pride the people of Harrisburg, Arkansas have that we possess most all of the original prints of the Modern News Paper in their original binding. Poinsett County Historical Society has worked with the Poinsett County Library to document these fragile historical documents by use of a scanner to help digitize them so they are more accessible to the public. The scans can be seen and studied at the local library just around the corner from the newspaper building. In addition to the collection of Modern News papers, several dozen original copies of *The Arkansas Tribune* from the 1870s are also still in existence. The building was sold in 2019 from an heir of the original founders. The building is now used as an event venue operating under the same name. The space is used to host parties, weddings, gatherings, etc. This building remains a local landmark, despite the newspaper closing its doors.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Media related to Modern News Building at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Modern News Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district
Contributing property | |
|  | |
| Modern News 2018 | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | 216 N. Main St.
Harrisburg, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°33′50″N 90°43′30″W / 35.56389°N 90.72500°W / 35.56389; -90.72500 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1896 (1896) |
| Built by | L.D. Freeman, Sr. |
| Part of | Harrisburg Commercial Historic District (ID09000736) |
| NRHP reference No. | 76000447 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | June 18, 1976 |
| Designated CP | September 18, 2009 |


title: Org 28611

abstract: Org 28611 (SCH-900,111) is a drug developed by Organon International which acts as a potent cannabinoid receptor full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. It was developed with the aim of finding a water-soluble cannabinoid agonist suitable for intravenous use as an analgesic, and while it achieved this aim and has progressed as far as Phase II clinical trials in humans as both a sedative and an analgesic, results against the comparison drugs were not particularly favourable in initial testing.

text:
# Org 28611

**Org 28611** (**SCH-900,111**) is a drug developed by Organon International which acts as a potent cannabinoid receptor full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. It was developed with the aim of finding a water-soluble cannabinoid agonist suitable for intravenous use as an analgesic, and while it achieved this aim and has progressed as far as Phase II clinical trials in humans as both a sedative and an analgesic, results against the comparison drugs (midazolam and morphine respectively) were not particularly favourable in initial testing.

1. Adam, J. M.; et al. (2010). "Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of indole-3-carboxamides as novel water soluble cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists". *MedChemComm*. **1**. Royal Society of Chemistry: 54. doi:10.1039/c0md00022a.
2. Zuurman L, Passier PC, de Kam M, Kleijn HJ, Cohen AF, van Gerven JM (August 2009). "Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of the intravenously administered CB1 receptor agonist Org 28611 in healthy male volunteers". *Journal of Psychopharmacology*. **23** (6): 633–44. doi:10.1177/0269881108091551. PMID 18635703. S2CID 43609218.
3. A Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy Between a Single Dose of ORG 28611, Morphine, and Placebo After Dental Impaction Surgery

## InfoBox

Org 28611
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * \[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-7-methoxyindol-3-yl\]-\[(3S)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl\]methanone | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C23H33N3O2 |
| Molar mass | 383.536 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * COc3cccc(c13)c(C(=O)N(CC2C)CCN2C)cn1CC4CCCCC4 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C23H33N3O2/c1-17-14-25(13-12-24(17)2)23(27)20-16-26(15-18-8-5-4-6-9-18)22-19(20)10-7-11-21(22)28-3/h7,10-11,16-18H,4-6,8-9,12-15H2,1-3H3/t17-/m0/s1 Y * Key:ONXJNAIZJKLJGA-KRWDZBQOSA-N Y | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |