title: Miles Lerman

abstract: Miles Lerman was an American activist who helped plan and create both the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., and the memorial at the Bełżec extermination camp. Lerman, a Holocaust survivor himself, had fought as a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II in Nazi German occupied Poland.

text:
# Miles Lerman

**Miles Lerman** (January 6, 1920 – January 22, 2008) was an American activist who helped plan and create both the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., and the memorial at the Bełżec extermination camp. Lerman, a Holocaust survivor himself, had fought as a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II in Nazi German occupied Poland.

## Early life

Lerman was born as **Szmuel Milek Lerman** in Tomaszów Lubelski, Poland, in 1920. His parents were Israel and Yochevet Feldzon Lerman and he was one of five children. His mother, Yochevet, owned an import and export grocery business. His father, Israel, owned several businesses throughout eastern Poland, including several flour mills in Eastern Poland and wholesale liquor and gasoline businesses.

Lerman and his family fled to the city of Lwów following the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939. In 1941 Lerman was captured and sent to the Vinniki forced labor camp. However, he managed to escape the camp. He spent the next 23 months as a Jewish resistance fighter hidden in the forests surrounding Lwów.

He went to the Polish city of Łódź following the end of the war. There he met his wife, Krysia Rozalia Laks, whom he married in a Displaced Persons camp. The couple emigrated together to the United States in 1947.

Lerman arrived in New York City in 1947 before moving to Vineland, New Jersey, in 1948. Lerman purchased a poultry farm in Vineland. He also started a series of successful real estate, gasoline and heating businesses.

## United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Miles Lerman's involvement with the United States Holocaust Museum can be traced to 1979. That year, United States President Jimmy Carter named Lerman to the President’s Commission advisory board on the Holocaust. One of the Commission's main tasks was the creation of a museum dedicated to the remembrance of the Holocaust.

The United States Congress passed a legislation granting land on the National Mall in Washington D.C. for the purpose of building the museum. However, all funds for the construction of the museum had to be raised privately.

Lerman, who became chairman of the Campaign to Remember, and the committee managed to raise $190 million in order to construct and endow the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. He also served simultaneously as the chairman of the future museum's International Relations Committee, which was charged with negotiating with Eastern European nations in order to obtain artifacts focusing on Jewish life and the Holocaust for the museum's permanent collection. Lerman's IR Committee managed to obtain a number of important artifacts, including actual barracks from the Birkenau concentration camp, a railroad boxcar used to transport Jewish prisoners to Treblinka, over 5,000 shoes from Majdanek and various toothbrushes, suitcases and other personal items from Auschwitz.

Lerman served as chairman of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's governing board from the time of its opening on April 22, 1993, until he left the museum in 2000. Additionally, Lerman helped to found the museum's Committee on Conscience, which works to draw attention to contemporary genocide issues, such as the current Darfur crisis.

Lerman, who spoke several languages, returned to his native Poland following his departure from the museum in 2000. There he campaigned for a proper memorial for his family members (both his parents perished in Belzec), as well as the other estimated 500,000 Jews who died at the Belzec extermination camp. The existing Communist era memorial, which stood in a former garbage dump, made no mention of Jewish Holocaust victims. Lerman raised approximately 5 million dollars to build a new memorial by teaming up with the Polish government and the American Jewish Committee.

Miles Lerman spoke at the dedication of the new Belzec memorial, which was held on June 3, 2004, telling the story of 9 year old Deborah Katz, one of the death camp's estimated 500,000 to 600,000 victims.

## Death

Miles Lerman died at his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 22, 2008, at the age of 88. He was buried in Alliance Cemetery in Vineland, New Jersey.

He was survived by his wife, Chris, whose real name is Krysia Rozalia Laks, his daughter, philanthropist Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer; his son David and his brother, Jona.


title: USS Vaud J.

abstract: USS Vaud J. (SP-3361) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in service from 1918 to 1919. Vaud J. was built in 1907 as a private motorboat of the same name by Thomas Johnson at Wildwood, New Jersey. She was the property of A. L. Dunn of Govans, Maryland, on 23 April 1917 when the U.S. Navy inspected her for possible World War I service as a section patrol boat but deemed her unsuitable for use by either the Navy or the United States Army. On 23 September 1918, however, the Navy reinspected Vaud J. at Bear Creek near Baltimore, Maryland, and apparently found her acceptable, because it took control of her on 27 September 1918 and assigned her the section patrol number 3361. Although Vaud J. never was commissioned, she was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance and towed by the tug USS Tioga (1916) to the Naval Proving Ground at Indian Head, Maryland, where she operated in connection with range construction work into the spring of 1919. Vaud J. was stricken from the Navy List on 30 June 1919 and simultaneously sold to the Chesapeake Water Supply Company. She was carried on lists of American merchant vessels into the early 1920s, but her owner was not listed. From 1924 to 1929, she was the property of Hurley Booye of Cape May, New Jersey, until either late 1929 or early 1930 when Harry Mogok of Cape May purchased her. Vaud J. operated until 1932, when she apparently was discarded and her name disappears from the mercantile listings.

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# USS Vaud J.

**USS *Vaud J.* (SP-3361)** was a United States Navy patrol vessel in service from 1918 to 1919.

*Vaud J.* was built in 1907 as a private motorboat of the same name by Thomas Johnson at Wildwood, New Jersey. She was the property of A. L. Dunn of Govans, Maryland, on 23 April 1917 when the U.S. Navy inspected her for possible World War I service as a section patrol boat but deemed her unsuitable for use by either the Navy or the United States Army. On 23 September 1918, however, the Navy reinspected *Vaud J.* at Bear Creek near Baltimore, Maryland, and apparently found her acceptable, because it took control of her on 27 September 1918 and assigned her the section patrol number 3361.

Although *Vaud J.* never was commissioned, she was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance and towed by the tug USS *Tioga* (1916) to the Naval Proving Ground at Indian Head, Maryland, where she operated in connection with range construction work into the spring of 1919.

*Vaud J.* was stricken from the Navy List on 30 June 1919 and simultaneously sold to the Chesapeake Water Supply Company. She was carried on lists of American merchant vessels into the early 1920s, but her owner was not listed. From 1924 to 1929, she was the property of Hurley Booye of Cape May, New Jersey, until either late 1929 or early 1930 when Harry Mogok of Cape May purchased her. *Vaud J.* operated until 1932, when she apparently was discarded and her name disappears from the mercantile listings.

## InfoBox

| *Vaud J.* as a civilian motorboat sometime between 1907 and 1918. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Vaud J.* |
| Namesake | Previous name retained |
| Builder | Thomas Johnson, Wildwood, New Jersey |
| Completed | 1907 |
| Acquired | 17 or 27 September 1918 |
| Commissioned | Never |
| In service | 1918 |
| Stricken | 30 June 1919 |
| Fate | Sold 30 June 1919 |
| Notes | Operated as civilian motorboat *Vaud J.* 1907-1918 and 1919-1932 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Patrol vessel |
| Tonnage | 63 Gross register tons |
| Length | 101 ft 0 in (30.78 m) |
| Beam | 19 ft 8 in (5.99 m) |
| Draft | 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m) mean |
| Speed | 8.6 knots |
| Complement | 8 |
| Armament | None |


title: IC 1327

abstract: IC 1327 is lenticular galaxy of type S0-a, located in the constellation Aquila. Its redshift is 0.032386, which corresponds IC 1327 to be located 445 million light-years from Earth. It has an apparent dimension of 0.90 x 0.8 arcmin, meaning the galaxy is 117,000 light-years across. IC 1327 was discovered on August 10, 1890, by Sherburne Wesley Burnham. According to a study conducted in April 2006, IC 1327 is considered an isolated galaxy, which is included in early-type E-S0 galaxies that make up 14% of the isolated sample of galaxies in the local universe. Moreover, IC 1327 contains X-ray emission within a distance of 100 arcsec from the infrared position, which its structure is inspected in overlays on optical images.

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# IC 1327

**IC 1327** is lenticular galaxy of type S0-a, located in the constellation Aquila. Its redshift is 0.032386, which corresponds IC 1327 to be located 445 million light-years from Earth. It has an apparent dimension of 0.90 x 0.8 arcmin, meaning the galaxy is 117,000 light-years across. IC 1327 was discovered on August 10, 1890, by Sherburne Wesley Burnham.

According to a study conducted in April 2006, IC 1327 is considered an isolated galaxy, which is included in early-type E-S0 galaxies that make up 14% of the isolated sample of galaxies in the local universe. Moreover, IC 1327 contains X-ray emission within a distance of 100 arcsec from the infrared position, which its structure is inspected in overlays on optical images.

1. "HyperLeda -object description". *atlas.obs-hp.fr*. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
2. "IC 1327 - lenticular galaxy. Description IC 1327". *kosmoved.ru*. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
3. "Your NED Search Results". *ned.ipac.caltech.edu*. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
4. "Revised IC Data for IC 1327". *spider.seds.org*. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
5. "Index Catalog Objects: IC 1300 - 1349". *cseligman.com*. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
6. Sulentic, J. W.; Verdes-Montenegro, L.; Bergond, G.; Lisenfeld, U.; Durbala, A.; Espada, D.; Garcia, E.; Leon, S.; Sabater, J.; Verley, S.; Casanova, V.; Sota, A. (2006-04-01). "The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies. II. Morphological refinement". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **449** (3): 937–949. arXiv:astro-ph/0610784. Bibcode:2006A&A...449..937S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054020. ISSN 0004-6361.
7. Boller, Th.; Bertoldi, F.; Dennefeld, M.; Voges, W. (1998-04-01). "ROSAT All-Sky Survey observations of IRAS galaxies. I. Soft X-ray and far-infrared properties". *Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series*. **129**: 87–145. arXiv:astro-ph/9710177. Bibcode:1998A&AS..129...87B. doi:10.1051/aas:1998397. ISSN 0365-0138.

## InfoBox

| IC 1327 | |
| --- | --- |
| Image of IC 1327 captured through SDSS | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Aquila |
| Right ascension | 20h 35m 41.27s |
| Declination | -00d 00m 20.8s |
| Redshift | 0.032386 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 9,709 km/s |
| Distance | 445 Mly (136.4 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 14.0 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 14.9 |
| Surface brightness | 13.5 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | S0^+?, AGN?, S0-a |
| Apparent size (V) | 0.90' x 0.8' |
| Other designations | |
| PGC 65027, KIG 0881, CGCG 373-038, IRAS 20331-0010, NVSS J203541-000020 | |


abstract: Myron and Sonya Glassberg Family Conservation Area is a 429-acre (1.74 km⁲) protected area in northwestern Jefferson County, Missouri. It is south of Eureka and southeast of Pacific. The Glassberg Family Conservation Area is located within the watershed of the Meramec River, primarily in the watershed of LaBarque Creek. The Young Conservation Area is about 0.2 miles (0.32 km) to the east and LaBarque Creek Conservation Area is about 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the southwest. The acquisition of the conservation area's land was made possible by a donation from the Myron and Sonya Glassberg Family and the Forest Legacy Program run by the U.S. Forest Service. The land was acquired to protect the water quality of LaBarque Creek, which is one of the highest quality streams in the St. Louis area, with at least 42 species of fish. The area was opened to the public in December 2012. There is a 3 miles (4.8 km) loop hiking trail, a 0.5 miles (0.80 km) trail around 3-acre (1.2 ha) Buder Lake, which is open to fishing, and a scenic overlook above the Meramec River. There are five additional fishless ponds. A limestone monument designed by Gail Cassilly and dedicated to the Glassberg family is located near the parking area. No horses, camping, motorized vehicles, or bicycles are permitted in the area.

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# Myron and Sonya Glassberg Family Conservation Area

**Myron and Sonya Glassberg Family Conservation Area** is a 429-acre (1.74 km2) protected area in northwestern Jefferson County, Missouri. It is south of Eureka and southeast of Pacific. The Glassberg Family Conservation Area is located within the watershed of the Meramec River, primarily in the watershed of LaBarque Creek. The Young Conservation Area is about 0.2 miles (0.32 km) to the east and LaBarque Creek Conservation Area is about 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the southwest.

The acquisition of the conservation area's land was made possible by a donation from the Myron and Sonya Glassberg Family and the Forest Legacy Program run by the U.S. Forest Service. The land was acquired to protect the water quality of LaBarque Creek, which is one of the highest quality streams in the St. Louis area, with at least 42 species of fish. The area was opened to the public in December 2012.

There is a 3 miles (4.8 km) loop hiking trail, a 0.5 miles (0.80 km) trail around 3-acre (1.2 ha) Buder Lake, which is open to fishing, and a scenic overlook above the Meramec River. There are five additional fishless ponds. A limestone monument designed by Gail Cassilly and dedicated to the Glassberg family is located near the parking area. No horses, camping, motorized vehicles, or bicycles are permitted in the area.

## InfoBox

| Myron and Sonya Glassberg Family Conservation Area | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
| Buder Lake | |
|  | |
| Location | Jefferson County, Missouri, United States |
| Nearest city | Eureka, MO |
| Coordinates | 38°26′22″N 90°40′52″W / 38.439444°N 90.681111°W / 38.439444; -90.681111 |
| Area | 429 acres (1.7 km2) |
| Established | 2012 (2012) |
| Governing body | Missouri Department of Conservation |
| Official website | |


title: Philibert Babou

abstract: Philibert Babou was a cryptographer and minister of finance for Francis I. Mayor of Tours in 1520, he was appointed trésorier in 1523, with powers to collect and distribute much of the king's revenue. His son Jean Babou became the Grand Master of Artillery. Francis I of France took Babou's wife Marie Gaudin as a mistress, and from 1520 he built Château de la Bourdaisière for her.

text:
# Philibert Babou

**Philibert Babou** (c. 1484–1557) was a cryptographer and minister of finance for Francis I. Mayor of Tours in 1520, he was appointed *trésorier* in 1523, with powers to collect and distribute much of the king's revenue. His son Jean Babou became the Grand Master of Artillery.

Francis I of France took Babou's wife Marie Gaudin as a mistress, and from 1520 he built Château de la Bourdaisière for her.


title: How to Seduce a Woman

abstract: How to Seduce a Woman is a 1974 American comedy film, directed by Charles Martin. It stars Angus Duncan, Angel Tompkins, and Alexandra Hay, and was released in late January 1974.

text:
# How to Seduce a Woman

***How to Seduce a Woman*** is a 1974 American comedy film, directed by Charles Martin. It stars Angus Duncan, Angel Tompkins, and Alexandra Hay, and was released in late January 1974.

## Plot synopsis

Employees of a well-off con man and lady's man Luther Lucas talk about the 5 women he'd most like to bed. To make this happen he'll spare no expense.

## Cast

In the December 3, 1973 issue of *Box Office* it was reported that *Playboy* would feature the actresses who star in the film. That issue of *Playboy* featured a pictorial of Alexandra Hay titled, "Alexandra The Great".

## InfoBox

| How to Seduce a Woman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Charles Martin |
| Written by | Charles Martin |
| Produced by | Charles Martin |
| Starring | Angus Duncan
Angel Tompkins
Alexandra Hay |
| Cinematography | William Cronjager |
| Edited by | William A. Sawyer |
| Music by | Stu Phillips |
| Production
company | Forward Films |
| Distributed by | Cinerama Releasing Corporation |
| Release date | * January 1974 (1974-01) (*US*) |
| Running time | 110 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Ronald Mathias

abstract: Ronald Cavill Mathias (1912–1968) was a Welsh trade union leader.

text:
# Ronald Mathias

**Ronald Cavill Mathias** OBE (1912–1968) was a Welsh trade union leader.

## Personal life

Mathias was born on 21 September 1912 at Pontarddulais, Swansea, Wales. He attended Gowerton Grammar School. In 1938 he married Annie Ceridwen Hall and they had one daughter. He died on 15 April 1968 on a Mediterranean cruise and was buried at sea.

## Career

Mathias began his career as a clerk in 1924 for the Richard Thomas Co south Wales iron and steel manufacturers. In 1945, Mathias became organiser for the Transport and General Workers' Union in Merthyr and the district. We worked as Cardiff district organiser 1949–53 and South Wales Regional Secretary 1953–67. Though he retired in 1967, he was that year made full-time member of the National Board for Prices and Incomes.

Ronald Mathias was an active member of public life, holding the public office of Vice-Chairman of the Welsh Economic Council, secretary of the South Wales T.U.C. Advisory Committee, treasurer of the Welsh Council of Labour, and governor of the Welsh College for Advanced Technology. In 1965, he was appointed chairman of the Welsh Labour Party. In 1958 he received a MBE and received an OBE in 1967.

## Academic career

Mathias lectured on economics and industry and was thought to be a popular lecturer. He also published articles in journals relating to this matter.

## Further reading

* *Who's who*. A. & C. Black. 1968.
* *The Times*
* *Western Mail* and *The Liverpool Daily Post*, 18 Apr. 1968
* *The Biographical Index of W. W. Price, Aberdâr* (at the National Library of Wales and Aberdare Public Library)


title: Gertrude Nafe

abstract: Gertrude E. Nafe was an American teacher, essayist, and Communist short-story writer. A friend of Emma Goldman, she helped organize her Denver, Colorado lectures, and organized the city's Caplan-Schmidt Defense League. Nafe's writings included the essay, "Colorado". She was dismissed from her teaching position for striking the word "obedience" from a "loyalty pledge."

text:
# Gertrude Nafe

**Gertrude E. Nafe** (November 22, 1883 – 1971) was an American teacher, essayist, and Communist short-story writer. A friend of Emma Goldman, she helped organize her Denver, Colorado lectures, and organized the city's Caplan-Schmidt Defense League. Nafe's writings included the essay, "Colorado" (*Mother Earth*; June 2014). She was dismissed from her teaching position for striking the word "obedience" from a "loyalty pledge."

## Biography

Gertrude E. Nafe was born in Grand Island, Nebraska, November 22, 1883.

At an Intercollegiate Socialist Society conference, Nafe represented the United Communist Party, which had recently combined the Communist Labor Party and the various elements of the Communist Party outside of the Russian Federations. She attempted to refute the four counts against them: (1) that they were extremists; (2) that, even granting their position was right, they talked too much and too noisily; (3) that they advocated force; (4) that they refused to accept the practical immediate things they could get. In rebuttal she said: "(1) We answer that it was once extreme to object to chattel slavery. Any position is extreme when first taken. If we retreat, the next position becomes extreme and is subject to all the criticism given the extremists. You cannot cut a string so short that it has not two ends. (2) We are told that half a loaf is better than no bread. But we are much more likely to get half a loaf by demanding our just share, the whole. Let the other side do the cutting down. Why should we? (3) We do not threaten violence and never have. We prophesy that the change will not be made without the use of force and we resolve not to be deterred by that fact. Violence covers the earth at present and is the root of all governments. The only possible foundation of peace is justice. As to the little taunt flung at us often, that we are young, 'If it were so, it were a grievous fault.' But seriously, to quote Gilbert Cannan, 'There are times when young men must attempt to say what old men cannot think.' (4) The last argument is that we do not seize the practical good that we can do. Sometimes those 'practical' things really make a bad matter worse. Two radicals, centuries ago, exasperated by the right wing of their generation, cursed the compromisers, and cried out against those who call, 'Peace, peace' when there is no peace. It is a doubtful favor that one does a slave by making his slavery a little more tolerable. We prefer to be of those who cry, 'Rise, quit ye like men.'"

She died in 1971.

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Intercollegiate Socialist Society's *The Socialist Review* (1919)  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: National Civil Liberties Bureau's *Pamphlets on the European War* (1919)

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Gertrude E. Nafe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | November 22, 1883<br>Grand Island, Nebraska |
| Died | 1971 |
| Occupation(s) | Teacher, writer |


title: Odyssey BMX

abstract: Odyssey BMX is an American bicycle parts company based in Norwalk, California specializing in BMX. Founded in 1985, one of its first products was the Gyro detangler, which is still in production today. The term “Gyro” is a registered trademark owned by Odyssey. The product line currently includes almost all parts necessary to build a BMX bike except frames. In 2005 the company won a design distinction award from ID magazine for the Elementary stem which gained a US patent and challenged the prevalent stem design of the time which used 6 bolts and replaced them with a single bolt controlling an internal expander. The Elementary stem was a collaboration with George French of G-Sport and in the course of this project Odyssey BMX absorbed G-Sport. In 2009 Odyssey launched the Ratchet hub under the G-Sport brand. In 2005 and 2009 The Odyssey Catalogue was featured in Print Magazine's Regional Design Annual. Aaron Ross has a signature grip which has gained wider interest. The company has many distributors across its American domestic market and a further 44 worldwide. The Pro team as of 2010 includes Aaron Ross, Perris Benegas, Dennis Enarson, Tom Dugan, Boyd Hilder, Gary Young, Broc Raiford, Corey Walsh, Matt Nordstrom, Jacob Cable, Justin Spriet. The Race team includes Nic Long, Daleny Vaughn, Tanner Sebesta and Jim Bauer.

text:
# Odyssey BMX

**Odyssey BMX** is an American bicycle parts company based in Norwalk, California specializing in BMX. Founded in 1985, one of its first products was the Gyro detangler, which is still in production today. The term “Gyro” is a registered trademark owned by Odyssey. The product line currently includes almost all parts necessary to build a BMX bike except frames.

In 2005 the company won a design distinction award from ID magazine for the Elementary stem which gained a US patent and challenged the prevalent stem design of the time which used 6 bolts and replaced them with a single bolt controlling an internal expander. The Elementary stem was a collaboration with George French of G-Sport and in the course of this project Odyssey BMX absorbed G-Sport.

In 2009 Odyssey launched the Ratchet hub under the G-Sport brand.

In 2005 and 2009 The Odyssey Catalogue was featured in Print Magazine's Regional Design Annual.

Aaron Ross has a signature grip which has gained wider interest.

The company has many distributors across its American domestic market and a further 44 worldwide.

The Pro team as of 2010 includes Aaron Ross, Perris Benegas, Dennis Enarson, Tom Dugan, Boyd Hilder, Gary Young , Broc Raiford, Corey Walsh, Matt Nordstrom, Jacob Cable, Justin Spriet. The Race team includes Nic Long, Daleny Vaughn, Tanner Sebesta and Jim Bauer.


title: Hungarian Templeton Program

abstract: Hungarian Templeton Program is a unique pilot program taking place between 15 September 2015 and 28 February 2017. The main purpose of the program is to develop and support exceptional Hungarian cognitive talents in the 10–29 age group.

text:
# Hungarian Templeton Program

**Hungarian Templeton Program** is a unique pilot program taking place between 15 September 2015 and 28 February 2017. The main purpose of the program is to develop and support exceptional Hungarian cognitive talents in the 10–29 age group.

## John Templeton Foundation

Sir John Templeton (1912-2008) was strongly committed to supporting research in science, theology, philosophy and the social sciences. One of the main goals of his endeavors was to contribute to understanding the fundamental underlying principles of the universe and to building a better society on the ethical, intellectual and spiritual levels. He founded the John Templeton Foundation in 1987, which also includes the Templeton World Charity Foundation. The TWCF chooses which initiatives it funds and does not accept unsolicited proposals. In accordance with the testamentary provisions of Sir John Templeton , it supports worthy programs which seek answers to the "big questions" and challenges of life and the universe. As well, it provides assistance to persons with exceptional cognitive talent who contribute to the flourishing of humanity.

## Hungarian Templeton Program

This program is implemented with the funding and the support of the Templeton World Charity Foundation and of the European Social Fund as co-sponsor. The program's advisory partner is the Association of Hungarian Talent Support Organizations (Magyar Tehetségsegítő Szervezetek Szövetsége \- MATEHETSZ). Launched on September 15, 2015 and lasting until February 28, 2017, the Hungarian Templeton Program is a unique pilot program whose main objective is to develop and support exceptional Hungarian cognitive talents in the 10-29 age group. Using a new methodology specifically designed for this purpose, program staff will identify 300 Hungarian youth with exceptional cognitive talents (Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellows) as well as 150 disadvantaged children aged 5–8 with exceptional cognitive talents.

The aim of the program is to bring together a creative community and network of exceptionally talented people whose members will, with the assistance of top-performing contemporary personalities, prepare themselves to take on the momentous task of becoming the leaders, thinkers and entrepreneurs of Hungary and Europe in the decades ahead.

A customized one-year talent support program will be developed for each of the selected talented youth (the Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellows). The program also devotes special attention to underprivileged children aged 5–8. It uses a unique talent testing procedure created for this age group, as well as a talent development program consisting of workshop sessions over a period of several days.

The program also offers assistance to talented youth identified during the selection process but not chosen as Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellows by offering them access to the ESF "Talents for Hungary" enrichment programs also supported by the Association of Hungarian Talent Support Organizations (MATEHETSZ).

## Selection process

The 300 Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellows are to be selected using objective scientific criteria and a new methodology. Selection will involve tests measuring aptitudes in a number of areas.

### For talented youth aged 10-19

IQ test, vocabulary, problem solving, working memory, motivation and creativity.

### For talented youth aged 20-29

IQ test, evaluation of achievements and productivity based on a motivation letter, activities thus far, level of interest and an introductory presentation or video.

## Program framework

Cognitive talents selected for the program – the Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellows – will each benefit from a one-year customized talent support package. Each young person will receive one-on-one mentoring from prominent Hungarian scientists and entrepreneurs who make up the program's roster of mentors. Elements of the support program include **e-learning; coaching; personality development; networking; development of communication, linguistic, computer, research, innovation, financial and entrepreneurial skills; assistance in choosing a career path in a context of social responsibility.**

In addition to supporting skill development in specific areas, the program places especial emphasis on encouraging Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellows to use their aptitudes and knowledge responsibly for the **good of society**.

## Program content

Based on their individual needs and the options available in the program, Junior Fellows will receive a personalized talent support package which may include:

* Participation in scientific research and development projects
* Familiarization with research centers, cases and practices in both scientific and business contexts
* Scholarships
* International travel (competitions, camps, conferences)
* Business trainings (e.g. Lean, Start-up)
* LinkedIn, Everyday Heroes and PREZI trainings
* Public speaking and presentation-making trainings
* Language learning opportunities
* Familiarization with case studies in a business context
* Soft skill trainings
* Activities to develop social responsibility
* Drafting business plans, support for start-ups
* Support for social entrepreneurs (Ashoka)
* Participation in national and international talent day events
* Innovation camp

## Post-program opportunities

This pilot program is for one year, and is expected to continue in Hungary and serve as a model for expansion into other countries in versions adapted to regional cultural differences. Talented youth selected for the program will be monitored and assisted for a few years after the end of the program by the ongoing network of contacts in the Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellow Network.

## Mentoring

Substantive support for the Program is provided by our network of mentors: scientists, researchers, experts and businesspeople who have shown exceptional levels of achievement in their fields and careers. Mentoring is a crucial element of the program and a mentor will be assigned to every Hungarian Junior Templeton Fellow.

## Supporters

Hungarian biochemist, specialized in network research, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and of Academia Europaea. Professor at the Medical Institute of Chemical, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry of Semmelweis University. Between 2008 and 2010, member of the Wise Persons' Committee of the President of the Republic of Hungary Dr. László Sólyom. One of the founders – and honorary president – of the Association of Hungarian Talent Support Organizations.

Hungarian neurobiologist, laureate of the Széchenyi Prize, university professor, full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, vice-president of the Academy's Department of Life Sciences since 2014. World renowned expert on the functioning of the cerebral cortex. Hungarian Talent Ambassador in 2011.

Member of the Camillian Order, Hungarian Talent Ambassador in 2011.

Hungarian mathematician and university professor, recipient of the Széchenyi Prize, the Bolyai Grand Prize, as well as the János Bolyai and Wolf prizes, president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and full member of the National Academy of Sciences (US).

Hungarian legal historian, Rector of Eötvös Loránd University, Chair of the University's Department of History of the Hungarian State and Law, Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

The best woman chess player in the history of the game, international grandmaster, eight-time winner of the Chess Olympiad in the open category, two-time winner of the Women's Chess Olympiad, two-time silver medalist in the open category of the Olympiad, Hungarian superchampion, world youth champion among the boys' U14 and U12 age groups. Hungarian Talent Ambassador in 2014.

Hungarian jurist and professor, full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Member of the Constitutional Court of Hungary between 1989 and 1998, and Chief Justice from 1990 until 1998. President of Hungary between 2005 and 2010. Hungarian Talent Ambassador in 2011.

Hungarian physicist, full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Rector of the University of Szeged.

Hungarian anatomist, Rector of Semmelweis University, university professor and institute director, Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

## Further information


title: UTA MED

abstract: The Ulster Transport Authority Multi-Engined Diesel was an early diesel powered railcar, used in Northern Ireland. The 12-mile Belfast-Bangor railway line had a well used passenger service and, being devoid of goods traffic, was chosen as the testing ground for the diesel railcar era. Before deciding to build its own railcars the UTA conducted an experiment by borrowing from the GNR(I). This was considered such a success that the UTA constructed its own experimental three-coach diesel railcar set at its Duncrue Street works, this being outshopped in late Spring 1951, ready for testing and driver training.

text:
# UTA MED

The Ulster Transport Authority **Multi-Engined Diesel** (UTA MED) was an early diesel powered railcar, used in Northern Ireland. The 12-mile Belfast-Bangor railway line had a well used passenger service and, being devoid of goods traffic, was chosen as the testing ground for the diesel railcar era. Before deciding to build its own railcars the UTA conducted an experiment by borrowing from the GNR(I). This was considered such a success that the UTA constructed its own experimental three-coach diesel railcar set at its Duncrue Street works, this being outshopped in late Spring 1951, ready for testing and driver training.

## History

The prototype train was converted from conventional locomotive-hauled stock and consisted of two power cars with an intermediate, but non-powered trailer car. Each of the power cars was fitted with two under-floor AEC engines, and all the vehicles were substantially internally rebuilt, and fitted with power-operated sliding doors. The prototype Multi-engined Diesel (MED) trains went into revenue-earning service in March 1952.

To continue its plans for dieselisation the UTA, over the following two years, built another 14 three-car trains in three batches, and by the following Spring (1954) it was able to operate all its Bangor line services with railcars. One of the changes made from the prototype was in the power unit; the new batch, instead of A.E.C., were fitted with Leyland-Walker under-floor engines of 125 hp. Passenger numbers increased and by 1956 with capacity found wanting, an additional trailer car was included in each set, the engine capacity being uprated to 165 hp to cope.

The UTA numbering sequence continued from earlier building, the powered cars being numbered from 8 to 35 inclusive (28 units). They were withdrawn from service between 1973 and 1978

The initial batch of trailers was 201 to 214 (renumbered to 501 to 514 in 1958). The additional 1956 trailers originally retained their steam stock numbers before becoming 516 to 527 in 1958. 515 was originally 215, being built in 1953 for Ganz railcar 5, becoming 515 in 1958 and being converted to MED operation in 1963.

In a works visit in mid-1962, intermediate cars 526 and 527 were fitted so that they could run with either Multi-engined (MED) or Multi-purpose (MPD) railcar trains and were not just restricted to their own type. After withdrawal they were sent to Mageramorne to be scrapped, but as the scrapping commenced it was discovered that they contained blue asbestos, and were then sent to Antrim and Ballymena until 1980. From 1980 onward they were dumped in Crosshill Quarry in Crumlin along with dozens of other railcars.

## Livery

Under the UTA, from 1951, a Brunswick Green livery was applied to passenger carrying stock and the MED's were outshopped as new in this colour, which lasted until the early 1960s. This was followed by a "regionalised colour scheme" for the system, the livery reflecting the operating area of the MED's. Trains operating on the Bangor line were painted in an "Olive Green" colour, considerably lighter that used for the steam locomotives of the former BCDR; those on the former NCC lines had lower panels in "LMS red", with the upper panels officially described as white, but in fact a very pale shade of grey. The trains operating on the former GNR section were painted with blue lower panels, somewhat lighter than that used by the GNR, and cream; with silver-grey roofs. In both these latter cases the banded colours were extended around the ends.

## InfoBox

| Ulster Transport Authority Multi-Engined Diesel | |
| --- | --- |
| A MED set arriving at Lisburn railway station in May 1976 | |
| In service | 1952–1978 |
| Manufacturer | UTA Duncrue Street |
| Replaced | Steam locomotives and carriages |
| Constructed | 1951–1952 |
| Number built | 28 power cars, 15 trailers |
| Number scrapped | All |
| Formation | 3 cars per set |
| Fleet numbers | Power cars: 8–35 |
| Operators | Ulster Transport Authority
Northern Ireland Railways |
| Specifications | |
| Maximum speed | 70 mph (113 km/h) |
| Prime mover(s) | Associated Equipment Company
Leyland |
| Power output | 165 hp (123 kW) |
| Track gauge | 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) |


title: Myron of Priene

abstract: Myron of Priene was the author of an historical account of the First Messenian War, from the taking of Ampheia to the death of Aristodemus. The dates of his work cannot be ascertained accurately, but it belongs in all probability to the Alexandrine period, not earlier than the 3rd century BC. According to Pausanias, he was an author on whose accuracy very little reliance could be placed. For example, both Diodorus and Myron placed Aristomenes in the first Messenian War, which is not universally accepted as accurate. Most important to Myron seems to be Pausanias IV 6,1 - 6,4. Pausanias wished to reach a decision regarding the age of a certain Messenian War. Myron narrated the capture of Ampheia and subsequent events down to the death of Aristodemus. At the opinion of Pausanias, Rhianus of Bene from Crete did not touch this first war at all. To Rhianus in his epic Aristomenes is the hero and he is to him a great men as is the Achilles of the Iliad to Homer. The Aristodemus of Myron is a bit earlier than the Aristomenes of Rhianus. Myrons history of the Messenian war is in prosa, Rhianus has made an epic. In order to date the Messenian war, Herodot VI, 52 and IV, 147 is helpful, IX 26 - 27 also.

text:
# Myron of Priene

**Myron** of Priene was the author of an historical account of the First Messenian War, from the taking of Ampheia to the death of Aristodemus. The dates of his work cannot be ascertained accurately, but it belongs in all probability to the Alexandrine period, not earlier than the 3rd century BC. According to Pausanias, he was an author on whose accuracy very little reliance could be placed. For example, both Diodorus and Myron placed Aristomenes in the first Messenian War, which is not universally accepted as accurate.

Most important to Myron seems to be Pausanias IV 6,1 - 6,4. Pausanias wished to reach a decision regarding the age of a certain Messenian War (IV 6,1). Myron narrated the capture of Ampheia and subsequent events down to the death of Aristodemus. At the opinion of Pausanias, Rhianus of Bene from Crete did not touch this first war at all (IV 6,2). To Rhianus in his epic Aristomenes is the hero and he is to him a great men as is the Achilles of the *Iliad* to Homer (IV 6,3). The Aristodemus of Myron is a bit earlier than the Aristomenes of Rhianus. Myrons history of the Messenian war is in prosa, Rhianus has made an epic. In order to date the Messenian war, Herodot VI, 52 and IV, 147 is helpful, IX 26 - 27 also.

## Sources

Ancient sources:

* Pausanias IV 6, 1 - 4.
* Herodot VI, 52 ; IV, 147 ; IX, 26 - 27.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)


title: IC 1337

abstract: IC 1337 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Capricornus. The galaxy is located close to the celestial equator. It was discovered by Stéphane Javelle on July 22, 1892. One supernova has been observed in IC 1337: SN 2019gwl.

text:
# IC 1337

**IC 1337** is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Capricornus. The galaxy is located close to the celestial equator. It was discovered by Stéphane Javelle on July 22, 1892.

One supernova has been observed in IC 1337: SN 2019gwl (type II, mag. 19.15).

## InfoBox

| IC 1337 | |
| --- | --- |
| IC 1337 by SDSS | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Capricornus |
| Right ascension | 20h 56m 52.742s |
| Declination | −16° 35 08.88 |
| Redshift | 0.030741 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 9216 ± 10 km/s |
| Distance | ~420 Mly
(129 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 14.5 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SAB(r)b pec |
| Apparent size (V) | 1.2' x 1.1' |
| Other designations | |
| MCG-03-53-012, PGC 65760 | |


title: Jody Lee Lipes

abstract: Jody Lee Lipes is an American cinematographer and filmmaker. A native of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, Lipes attended New York University, where he studied film. He worked extensively on short films before serving as cinematographer on Afterschool, directed by Antonio Campos and Tiny Furniture, directed by Lena Dunham. Lipes would collaborate with Dunham again as cinematographer and director for several episodes of her HBO series Girls. Lipes would later work as cinematographer for Girls producer Judd Apatow's comedy Trainwreck, starring Amy Schumer. Lipes worked as cinematographer for Kenneth Lonergan's drama Manchester by the Sea, which he shot digitally. He also shot A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, directed by Mareille Heller, and The Good Nurse, directed by Tobias Lindholm. Lipes was also the cinematographer for Savanah Leaf's Earth Mama in 2023. As a director, he helmed a documentary on the NY Export Opus Jazz ballet, which had a screening at the annual South by Southwest festival, and the documentary Ballet 422, which screened at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival. Lipes became a member of the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) in 2021.

text:
# Jody Lee Lipes

**Jody Lee Lipes** (born January 18, 1982) is an American cinematographer and filmmaker.

A native of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, Lipes attended New York University, where he studied film. He worked extensively on short films before serving as cinematographer on *Afterschool*, directed by Antonio Campos and *Tiny Furniture*, directed by Lena Dunham. Lipes would collaborate with Dunham again as cinematographer and director for several episodes of her HBO series *Girls*. Lipes would later work as cinematographer for *Girls* producer Judd Apatow's comedy *Trainwreck*, starring Amy Schumer. Lipes worked as cinematographer for Kenneth Lonergan's drama *Manchester by the Sea*, which he shot digitally. He also shot *A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood*, directed by Mareille Heller, and *The Good Nurse*, directed by Tobias Lindholm. Lipes was also the cinematographer for Savanah Leaf's *Earth Mama* in 2023.

As a director, he helmed a documentary on the *NY Export Opus Jazz* ballet, which had a screening at the annual South by Southwest festival, and the documentary *Ballet 422*, which screened at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival.

Lipes became a member of the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) in 2021.

## Filmography

### Director

**Documentary films**

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Brock Enright: Good Times Will Never Be The Same* | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2010 | *N.Y. Export: Opus Jazz* | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2014 | *Ballet 422* | Yes | No | No |

**Television**

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Girls* | Episodes "Welcome to Bushwick a.k.a. The Crackcident" and "Weirdos Need Girlfriends Too" |
| 2017-2018 | *The Sinner* | Episodes "Part IV" and "Part VI" |

### Cinematographer

#### Film

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Afterschool* | Antonio Campos |  |
| 2010 | *Tiny Furniture* | Lena Dunham |  |
| | *Two Gates of Sleep* | Alistair Banks Griffin |  |
| 2011 | *Martha Marcy May Marlene* | Sean Durkin |  |
| 2013 | *Bluebird* | Lance Edmands | Also credited as second unit director |
| 2015 | *Trainwreck* | Judd Apatow |  |
| 2016 | *Manchester by the Sea* | Kenneth Lonergan |  |
| 2019 | *A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood* | Marielle Heller |  |
| 2022 | *The Good Nurse* | Tobias Lindholm |  |
| 2023 | *Earth Mama* | Savanah Leaf |  |

#### Television

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *We Are Internet Millionaires* | Dan Gregor
Doug Mand
Adam Pally | TV shorts |
| | *Sell Outs* | | |
| 2007-2008 | *The Whitest Kids U' Know* | Trevor Moore
Zach Cregger
Dave Diomedi | 20 episodes |
| 2012 | *Girls* | Lena Dunham
Richard Shepard | 7 episodes |
| 2013 | *The Sonnet Project* | R Jameson Smith | Episode "Sonnet #14" |
| 2017 | *The Sinner* | Antonio Campos | Episode "Part I" |
| 2018 | *Drew Michael* | Jerrod Carmichael | TV special |
| 2020 | *I Know This Much Is True* | Derek Cianfrance | Miniseries |
| 2023 | *Dead Ringers* | Sean Durkin | 2 episodes |

#### Documentary works

**Film**

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Wild Combination: A Portrait of Arthur Russell* | Matt Wolf |  |
| 2009 | *Brock Enright: Good Times Will Never Be The Same* | Himself |  |
| 2010 | *N.Y. Export: Opus Jazz* | |  |
| 2012 | *Brute Force* | Ben Steinbauer |  |
| 2014 | *The Great Invisible* | Magaret Brown | With Jeff Peixoto and Adam Stone |
| | *Ballet 422* | Himself | With Nick Bentgen |

**Television**

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *High Line Stories* | Matt Wolf |  |
| 2013 | *Picasso Baby: A Performance Art Film* | Mark Romanek | TV short |
| 2015 | *Independent Lens* | Margaret Brown | Episode "The Great Invisible" |
|

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Title | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Independent Spirit Awards | Best Cinematography | *Tiny Furniture* | Nominated |
| 2023 | Primetime Emmy Awards | Outstanding Cinematography for a Limited Series | *Dead Ringers* | Nominated |

1. ’Manchester By the Sea” cinematographer Jody Lee Lipes tops list of area entertainers in 2016
2. A SPIRITED Q & A WITH “TINY FURNITURE” CINEMATOGRAPHER JODY LEE LIPES
3. “It’s Almost Impossible to Watch Something That was Shot on Film Projected on Film”: DP Jody Lee Lipes on Trainwreck
4. ‘Manchester By the Sea’: How Kenneth Lonergan & Crew Made a Non-Linear Masterpiece
5. Dillon, Mark (December 10, 2019). "Jody Lee Lipes on Shooting A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood". *American Cinematographer*. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
6. Ntim, Zac (September 12, 2022). "Jessica Chastain And Eddie Redmayne On Finding Humanity In Their Serial Killer Film 'The Good Nurse' — Toronto". *Deadline*. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
7. Debruge, Peter (January 20, 2023). "'Earth Mama' Review: Savanah Leaf's Feature Debut Offers Tough but Sensitive Look at Single Mother's Struggle". *Variety*. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
8. Ballet 422
9. Dillard, Samantha (March 17, 2021). "Jody Lee Lipes Welcomed Into Society Membership". *American Society of Cinematographers*. Retrieved April 1, 2021.


title: West Carroll Parish School Board

abstract: The West Carroll Parish School Board is an entity responsible for the operation of public schools in West Carroll Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is headquartered in the parish seat of Oak Grove. In the 2012–2013 school year, West Carroll Parish public schools had the tenth highest rate of improvement statewide in the annual end-of-course examinations administered in Algebra I and English II.

text:
# West Carroll Parish School Board

**The West Carroll Parish School Board** is an entity responsible for the operation of public schools in West Carroll Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is headquartered in the parish seat of Oak Grove.

In the 2012–2013 school year, West Carroll Parish public schools had the tenth highest rate of improvement statewide in the annual end-of-course examinations administered in Algebra I and English II.

## Schools

## Demographics

* Total Students (as of October 1, 2007): 2,308
* Gender
    + Male: 53%
    + Female: 47%
* Race/Ethnicity
    + White: 78.51%
    + African American: 18.85%
    + Hispanic: 2.38%
    + Asian: 0.13%
    + Native American: 0.13%
* Socio-Economic Indicators
    + At-Risk: 71.88%
    + Free Lunch: 62.39%
    + Reduced Lunch: 9.49%


title: Noel Knockwood

abstract: Noel Knockwood, (1932-2014) a Canadian first nations leader and Mi'kmaq Grand Council member since 1975, was a spiritual leader of the Mi'kmaq People.

text:
# Noel Knockwood

**Noel Knockwood**, (1932-2014) a Canadian first nations leader and Mi'kmaq Grand Council member since 1975, was a spiritual leader of the Mi'kmaq People.

## Early life

Knockwood was born in 1932. He gained a B.A. and belonged to the National Aboriginal Veterans Association, Ontario Region. He was born to the Indian Brook First Nation of the Sipekneꞌkatik First Nation.

## Career

He served as Sergeant-at-Arms for the Nova Scotia Legislature from 2000 to 2005 and was recognised at the 2002 National Aboriginal Achievement Awards, now the Indspire Awards, for his stewardship of history, culture and spirituality in the native community.

Knockwood also ceremonially lifted the curse from the Angus L. Macdonald Bridge at its opening in 1955, the first bridge to be erected across The Narrows, a strait in Halifax Harbour following the fall of two others previously.

## Death

He died of a stroke on 7 April 2014, aged 81.


title: Large wren-babbler

abstract:
The large wren-babbler is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae.
It is found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Large wren-babbler

The **large wren-babbler** (***Turdinus macrodactylus***) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

* Collar, N. J. & Robson, C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) pp. 70 – 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. *Handbook of the Birds of the World*, Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

## InfoBox

| Large wren-babbler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Pellorneidae |
| Genus: | *Turdinus* |
| Species: | ***T. macrodactylus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turdinus macrodactylus***
(Strickland, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Malacopteron macrodactylum* * *Napothera macrodactyla* | |


title: Gertrude Neumark

abstract: Gertrude Fanny Neumark, also known as Gertrude Neumark Rothschild, was an American physicist, most noted for her work in material science and physics of semiconductors with emphasis on optical and electrical properties of wide-bandgap semiconductors and their light-emitting devices.

text:
# Gertrude Neumark

**Gertrude Fanny Neumark**, also known as Gertrude Neumark Rothschild, (April 29, 1927 – November 11, 2010) was an American physicist, most noted for her work in material science and physics of semiconductors with emphasis on optical and electrical properties of wide-bandgap semiconductors and their light-emitting devices.

## Personal life

She was born in Nuremberg, Germany in 1927. Her family, who were Jewish, left Germany in 1935. Her father Sigmund’s naturalization papers indicate that she arrived with him and her mother Bertha in Miami from Cuba on SS Florida January 3, 1940. He lists Cuba as their last place of residence.

She died on November 11, 2010, at age 83, due to heart failure.

## Education

Neumark graduated B.A. summa cum laude (chemistry) from Barnard College in 1948 and M.A. (chemistry) at Radcliffe College in the following year. She completed her Ph.D. in chemistry at Columbia University in 1951; her thesis entitled "Free cloud approximation to molecular orbital calculations".

## Career

Following her PhD, she joined the Sylvania Research Laboratories in Bayside, NY as a senior physicist. In 1960, she moved to the Philips Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, New York, where she worked until 1985. She was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1982. From 1982 to 1985, she was visiting-adjunct professor of materials science at Columbia University, and became a full professor of materials science there in 1985.

In 1999, she became the Howe Professor Emerita of Materials Science and Engineering and professor emerita of applied physics and mathematics at Columbia University.

## Research and patents

In the 1980s, Neumark began studying the optical properties of wide-bandgap semiconductors and developed diodes capable of using the upper range of the spectrum and serving as a superior light source. The new short-wavelength LEDs, emitting blue, green, violet and ultraviolet light, turned out to be much more energy efficient, reliable and long-lived while the short-wavelength-emitting laser diodes could store vastly more information more compactly. This new technology lent itself to a wide variety of applications, from billboards and traffic lights to hand-held mobile devices and high-definition DVD players. Her research led to remarkable advances in the field of electronics, including establishing blue, green, and ultraviolet LEDs as common components in electronics.

She holds a number of patents on wide-bandgap semiconductor technology, though faced challenges in having her work recognized.

In relation with infringing on two of her semiconductor patents, she had to file lawsuits against several electronics companies, including the Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Epistar, Toyoda Gosei and Osram in 2005, which were subsequently settled out of court. In 2008, Neumark again had to file a complaint seeking to block imports into the United States of a range of products that she said were infringing her patents on wide-bandgap semiconductor technology, resulting in a number of companies agreeing to license the patents. According to family members, the suits were not about money but about fairness—especially for women scientists—she thought were being discriminated against.


title: Odyssey Channel

abstract: The Odyssey Channel was a documentary channel that was previously available on Optus Vision in Australia. It was one of the few channels on pay TV in Australia that had a large amount of Australian content available. Due to the CSA between Optus and Foxtel, it was closed in 2004. Foxtel would not allow it on their platform due to it competing with their license of the Discovery Channel brand, and Optus decided it could no longer fund it.

text:
# Odyssey Channel

The **Odyssey Channel** was a documentary channel that was previously available on Optus Vision in Australia. It was one of the few channels on pay TV in Australia that had a large amount of Australian content available.

Due to the CSA (Content Sharing Agreement) between Optus and Foxtel, it was closed in 2004. Foxtel would not allow it on their platform due to it competing with their license of the Discovery Channel brand, and Optus decided it could no longer fund it.

## Programming

The programming covered eight genres:

* Issues
* History
* People and Places
* Science and Technology
* Popular Culture
* Nature
* Arts and Entertainment
* Lifestyle
* *NOVA*

Some content shown on the channel was sourced from the American and Canadian television network Home & Garden Television (HGTV).

## InfoBox

Odyssey Channel
| Odyssey Channel Logo | |
| --- | --- |
| Network | Optus Vision |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | PAL |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Optus Vision |
| History | |
| Launched | 1 July 1997 |
| Closed | 31 March 2004 |


title: Andreas Endresen (footballer)

abstract: Andreas Endresen is a Norwegian footballer currently playing as a forward for Jerv.

text:
# Andreas Endresen (footballer)

**Andreas Endresen** (born 21 January 2003) is a Norwegian footballer currently playing as a forward for Jerv.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 22 June 2021.*

| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Haugesund | 2020 | Eliteserien | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |

Notes   1. Andreas Endresen at the Norwegian Football Federation (in Norwegian)
2. Andreas Endresen at Soccerway
3. Andreas Endresen at Soccerway. Retrieved 22 June 2021.

## InfoBox

Andreas Endresen
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2003-01-21) 21 January 2003 | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Jerv | | |
| Number | 25 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2017 | Skudenes | | |
| 2018–2020 | Haugesund | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2020–2022 | Haugesund | 3 | (0) |
| 2021–2022 | Vard Haugesund (loan) | 28 | (4) |
| 2023 | Vard Haugesund | 16 | (11) |
| 2023– | Jerv | 16 | (4) |
| International career | | | |
| 2019 | Norway U16 | 5 | (0) |
| 2021 | Norway U18 | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 May 2024<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 22 June 2021 | | | |


title: 2022 AFL Women's season 6 Rising Star

abstract: The 2022 AFL Women's season 6 Rising Star award was presented to the player adjudged the best young player during 2022 AFL Women's season 6. Mimi Hill of the Carlton Football Club won the award with 43 votes.

text:
# 2022 AFL Women's season 6 Rising Star

The **2022 AFL Women's season 6 Rising Star** award was presented to the player adjudged the best young player during 2022 AFL Women's season 6. Mimi Hill of the Carlton Football Club won the award with 43 votes.

## Eligibility

Every round, two nominations will be given to standout young players who performed well during that particular round. To be eligible for nomination, players must have been under 21 years of age on 1 January 2022 and not suspended during the season.

## Nominations

Table of nominees
| Round | Player | Club | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mia King | North Melbourne |  |
| | Georgie Prespakis | | Geelong |
| 2 | Alyssa Bannan | Melbourne |  |
| | Charlie Rowbottom | | Gold Coast |
| 3 | Zimmorlei Farquharson | Brisbane |  |
| | Megan Fitzsimon | | Melbourne |
| 4 | Keeley Sherar | Carlton |  |
| | Sarah Verrier | | Fremantle |
| 5 | **Mimi Hill** | Carlton |  |
| | Montana McKinnon | | Adelaide |
| 6 | Ellie Hampson | Gold Coast |  |
| | Mikayla Morrison | | Fremantle |
| 7 | Isabella Eddey | North Melbourne |  |
| | Elisabeth Georgostathis | | Western Bulldogs |
| 8 | Teah Charlton | Adelaide |  |
| | Eliza James | | Collingwood |
| 9 | Dana East | Fremantle |  |
| | Nell Morris-Dalton | | Western Bulldogs |
| 10 | Darcy Moloney | Geelong |  |
| | Isabelle Pritchard | | Western Bulldogs |

Table of nominations by club
| Number | Club | Player | Nom. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 | Fremantle | Sarah Verrier | 4 |
| | Mikayla Morrison | 6 |
| | Dana East | 9 |
| | Western Bulldogs | Elisabeth Georgostathis | 7 |
| | Nell Morris-Dalton | 9 |
| | Isabelle Pritchard | 10 |
| 2 | Adelaide | Montana McKinnon | 5 |
| | Teah Charlton | 8 |
| | Carlton | Keeley Sherar | 4 |
| | **Mimi Hill** | 5 |
| | Geelong | Georgie Prespakis | 1 |
| | Darcy Moloney | 10 |
| | Gold Coast | Charlie Rowbottom | 2 |
| | Ellie Hampson | 6 |
| | Melbourne | Alyssa Bannan | 2 |
| | Megan Fitzsimon | 3 |
| | North Melbourne | Mia King | 1 |
| | Isabella Eddey | 7 |
| 1 | Brisbane | Zimmorlei Farquharson | 3 |
| | Collingwood | Eliza James | 8 |

## Final voting

Table of votes
| Placing | Player | Club | Nom. | Votes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mimi Hill | Carlton | 5 | 43 |
| 2 | Charlie Rowbottom | Gold Coast | 2 | 42 |
| 3 | Mia King | North Melbourne | 1 | 33 |
| 4 | Georgie Prespakis | Geelong | 1 | 20 |
| 5 | Alyssa Bannan | Melbourne | 2 | 5 |

## InfoBox

| 2022 AFL Women's season 6<br>Rising Star | |
| --- | --- |
| Sponsored by | National Australia Bank |
| Date | 5 April 2022 |
| Venue | Crown Melbourne |
| Hosted by | Sarah Jones |
| Winner | Mimi Hill (Carlton) |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | Fox Footy |
|


title: IFK Åmål

abstract: IFK Åmål is a Swedish football club located in Åmål in Västra Götaland County.

text:
# IFK Åmål

**IFK Åmål** is a Swedish football club located in Åmål in Västra Götaland County.

## Background

Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Åmål is a sports club from Åmål that was founded in 1908. The club specialises in football and handball. At one time the club also participated in bandy and in 1959 played in Sweden's top division. The football club played in Sweden's second-highest division in the 1927/28 season.

Since their foundation IFK Åmål has participated mainly in the middle and lower divisions of the Swedish football league system. The club currently plays in Division 2 Norra Götaland which is the fourth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Örnäsvallens IP in Åmål.

IFK Åmål are affiliated to Dalslands Fotbollförbund.

## Recent history

In recent seasons IFK Åmål have competed in the following divisions: 2018 \- Division III, Västra Svealand
2017 \- Division III, Västra Svealand
2016 \- Division IV, Bohuslän/Dalsland
2015 \- Division III, Nordvästra Götaland
2014 – Division II, Norra Götaland
2013 – Division II, Norra Götaland
2012 – Division III, Nordvästra Götaland
2011 – Division III, Nordvästra Götaland
2010 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2009 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2008 – Division III, Nordvästra Götaland
2007 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2006 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2005 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2004 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2003 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
2002 – Division V, Dalsland
2000 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal
1999 – Division IV, Bohuslän/Dal

## Attendances

In recent seasons IFK Åmål have had the following average attendances:

| **Season** **Average Attendance** **Division / Section** **Level**  2007 *Not available* Div 4 Bohuslän/Dal Tier 6  2008 254 Div 3 Nordvästra Götaland Tier 5  2009 *Not available* Div 4 Bohuslän/Dal Tier 6  2010 84 Div 4 Bohuslän/Dal Tier 6  2011 178 Div 3 Nordvästra Götaland Tier 5  2012 217 Div 3 Nordvästra Götaland Tier 5  2013 318 Div 2 Norra Götaland Tier 4  2014 201 Div 2 Norra Götaland Tier 4  2015 108 Div 3 Nordvästra Götaland Tier 5  2016 135 Div 4 Bohuslän/Dalsland Tier 6  2017 190 Div 3 Västra Svealand Tier 5   ** Attendances are provided in the Publikliga sections of the Svenska Fotbollförbundet website.* |
| --- |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

IFK Åmål
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Åmål |
| Nickname(s) | Comrades |
| Founded | 1908 |
| Ground | Örnäsvallens IP
Åmål
Sweden |
| Capacity | 1,000 |
| Chairman | Bernt Nilsson |
| Coach | Leandro Teofilo Santos Pinto |
| League | Division 2 Norra Götaland |
| 2019 | Division 2 Norra Götaland, 12th (Relegation Playoffs) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Jody L. Gookin

abstract: Jody L. Gookin is a distinguished professor at North Carolina State University. Her research is concerned with Gastrointestinal physiology. Gookin and her associates identified Tritrichomonas foetus in felines and then pioneered the diagnosis and treatment of the infection.

text:
# Jody L. Gookin

**Jody L. Gookin** is a distinguished professor at North Carolina State University. Her research is concerned with Gastrointestinal physiology. Gookin and her associates identified Tritrichomonas foetus in felines and then pioneered the diagnosis and treatment of the infection.

## Education

She earned a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of California, Davis and she has a Ph.D. in Gastrointestinal physiology from North Carolina State University.

## Career

Gookin is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Clinical Sciences and she is a Chancellor's University Faculty Scholar at North Carolina State University. She is a researcher and she is involved with clinical service and teaching. Much of her research centers on feline gastroenterology. Gookin and her associates identified Tritrichomonas foetus, which causes diarrhea in domestic cats. As a result of her research people are able to diagnose, and a treat the infection.

In 2011 she received an American Veterinary Medical Association Research Award.


title: Noel L. Owen

abstract: Noel L. Owen is a professor of chemistry at Brigham Young University who served from 1995 to 2001 as associate chair of the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department. He is also a member of BYU's Cancer Research Center. Owen holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Wales and a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge. He did post-doctoral work at Harvard University. Owen is a molecular spectroscopist. Articles co-authored by Owen have been published in Nature, and in many chemistry journals.

text:
# Noel L. Owen

**Noel L. Owen** is a professor of chemistry at Brigham Young University who served from 1995 to 2001 as associate chair of the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department. He is also a member of BYU's Cancer Research Center.

Owen holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Wales and a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge. He did post-doctoral work at Harvard University.

Owen is a molecular spectroscopist. Articles co-authored by Owen have been published in *Nature*, and in many chemistry journals.

## Sources

1. *Nature* article


title: Lanmeter

abstract: A LANMeter was a tool for testing Token Ring and Ethernet networks introduced by Fluke Corporation in 1993. It incorporated hardware testing and active network testing in a handheld, battery operated package. It was discontinued in 2003.

text:
# Lanmeter

A **LANMeter** was a tool for testing Token Ring and Ethernet networks introduced by Fluke Corporation in 1993. It incorporated hardware testing (cable and network interface card) and active network testing in a handheld, battery operated package. It was discontinued in 2003.

## Variants

| Name | Ethernet 10/100 | Token Ring | Switch Wizard | Wide Area Wizard |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FLUKE 670 Lanmeter | no | yes | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 672 Lanmeter | yes | no | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 675 Lanmeter | yes | yes | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 680 Enterprise Lanmeter | yes | no | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 682 Enterprise Lanmeter | yes | no | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 683 Enterprise Lanmeter | yes | no | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 685 Enterprise Lanmeter | yes | yes | ? | ? |
| FLUKE 686 Enterprise Lanmeter | yes | yes | ? | ? |
|


title: Gertrude Mwangala

abstract: Dr. Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa is a former Zambian IBM systems engineer former African Development Bank ICT Infrastructure and Operations Division Manager and academic, who serves as the Vice Chancellor of Victoria Falls University of Technology (VFU), an institution she helped establish in 2002.

text:
# Gertrude Mwangala

**Dr. Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa** is a former Zambian IBM systems engineer former African Development Bank ICT Infrastructure and Operations Division Manager and academic, who serves as the Vice Chancellor of Victoria Falls University of Technology (VFU), an institution she helped establish in 2002.

## Background and education

She was born in Zambia circa 1948. She was admitted to the University of Zambia in 1969, graduating in 1973 with a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Education. Her Master of Public Administration degree, specializing in Public Policy and Management, was obtained from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, in 1997. She is also completed her thesis for a Doctor of Education degree, obtained through research, awarded by the University of Liverpool in 2020. Her doctoral specialization is Integration of Information and Communications Technology in Higher Education learning process for quality Enhancement.

## Career

Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa started out in 1973, working for the Zambian subsidiary of International Business Machines (IBM), as a Systems Engineer. She served there for eight and one half years until December 1981. In January 1982, she was hired as the Information Technology Infrastructure and Systems Manager at the African Development Bank, working in that capacity for just short of 24 years until June 2005, based both in Abidjan, Ivory Coast and Tunis, Tunisia. In June 2002, she founded the Victoria Falls University of Technology (VFU), based in Livingstone, Zambia and became its Vice Chancellor from 2010. As of November 2017, she is the incumbent.

## Other considerations

She serves on several boards of public and private companies including as a non-executive director of Zambia Railways Limited. She is the owner and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of La Residence Executive Guest House, located in Livingstone, Zambia. She previously served as the Chairperson of the Zambia Information & Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) and a non-executive director of Zambia National Commercial Bank. She also served on the Technical Committee of the Lands Information Management System for the Zambian Government.

She has received numerous awards over the course of her career, including (a) the John Mwanakatwe Distinguished Award awarded by the Zambia Society for Public Administrators (b) the recognition and honour for being the pioneer female Computer Scientist in Zambia, by the Zambia Association of University Women (ZAUW) (c) the IBM Systems Engineering Professional Excellence Award and (d) She also received awards for Africa's Most Influential Women in Business as the Overall, Regional and Country winner in 2013, 2014 and 2015.

## InfoBox

| \[Doctor\]\]Dr. Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1948 (age 7576)
Sesheke, Zambia |
| Nationality | Zambian |
| Citizenship | Zambia |
| Alma mater | **University of Zambia**
(Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Education)
**Harvard Kennedy School**
(Master of Public Administration and Management)
**University of Liverpool**
(Doctor in Education) |
| Occupation(s) | Academic Administrator, ICT Infrastructure Division Manager and Software Engineer |
| Years active | 1973 - present |
| Known for | Academics and Engineering |
| Title | **Vice Chancellor of Victoria Falls University of Technology** |


title: I Heard the Owl Call My Name

abstract: I Heard the Owl Call My Name is a best-selling 1967 novel by Margaret Craven. The book tells the story of a young Anglican priest named Mark Brian who, unbeknown to him, has not long to live. He learns about the meaning of life when he is to be sent to a First Nations community in British Columbia.

text:
# I Heard the Owl Call My Name

***I Heard the Owl Call My Name*** is a best-selling 1967 novel by Margaret Craven. The book tells the story of a young Anglican priest named Mark Brian who, unbeknown to him, has not long to live. He learns about the meaning of life when he is to be sent to a First Nations community in British Columbia.

## Publication

First published in Canada in 1967, it was not until 1973 that the book was picked up by an American publisher. Released to wide acclaim, it reached No. 1 on *The New York Times* Best Seller list.

## Synopsis

Mark Brian, a young priest, is sent to the First Nations community of Kingcome in British Columbia, home to people of the Dzawa̱da̱'enux̱w tribe of the Kwakwaka'wakw nation (who are given the now-archaic name "Kwakiutl" in the book). His bishop sends him, knowing that Mark is suffering from an unnamed and fatal disease, in order to learn all there is about life including some of life's hard lessons in the time left to him. Mark is unaware of his terminal illness and his bishop does not tell him. Life in the remote community is simple yet it offers many lessons for Mark. He learns to win the friendship of some of the First Nations people and encounters their deeply rooted faith and ancient beliefs. This helps him mature more quickly. He has to face a number of difficult situations when people die in the village. Mark is open-minded, yet he has much to learn.

Through various experiences and inter-relationships, Mark learns from the villagers and they from him. By the time he has spent one year there, he considers the small community his home and family and they consider him part of their nation.

Mark is about to be recalled by his bishop when he hears the owl call his name, which foretells imminent death according to Kwakwaka'wakw belief.

The book presents both sympathetic and unsympathetic white characters. Those that come to sight-see the village and to exploit and those that come to learn and to help. Its Dzawa̱da̱'enux̱w characters who have contact with the outside world variously succeed and fail to survive in it. The book emphasizes how hard it is for them to adapt to the outside world. The work debates whether the Dzawa̱da̱'enux̱w culture and way of life is dying or whether it can survive. The remoteness of the village suggests that it may be possible for the culture to survive.

## TV film adaptation

In 1973, the year of its American release, the book was adapted by Gerald Di Pego as a CBS television movie of the same title directed by Daryl Duke and starring Tom Courtenay and Dean Jagger.

## *Again Calls the Owl*

Margaret Craven later wrote an autobiography titled *Again Calls the Owl* which is often incorrectly referred to as a sequel to *I Heard the Owl Call My Name*. However, it is a true recounting of Craven's life. She spent time studying the native culture to write the original book. Though it does describe some of the real events which would later inspire the characters and plot of *I Heard the Owl Call My Name*, it does not feature any of the characters or continue the story of the novel.

1. "20th-Century American Bestsellers". *unsworth.unet.brandeis.edu*. Archived from the original on 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2015-10-06.

## InfoBox

I Heard the Owl Call My Name
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Margaret Craven |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Clarke, Irwin & Company |
| Publication date | 1967 |
| Publication place | Canada |
| Pages | 159 |
| ISBN | 0-440-34369-0 |


title: Pygarctia abdominalis

abstract: Pygarctia abdominalis, the yellow-edged pygarctia or orange-bodied pygarctia, is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1871. It is found in the United States from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas. The wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 45 mm for females. Adults are most common from April to August. In Florida, adults have been recorded on wing in February, from April to June and from August to September. The larvae have been reported feeding on Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae species.

text:
# Pygarctia abdominalis

***Pygarctia abdominalis***, the **yellow-edged pygarctia** or **orange-bodied pygarctia**, is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1871. It is found in the United States from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Texas.

The wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 45 mm for females. Adults are most common from April to August. In Florida, adults have been recorded on wing in February, from April to June and from August to September.

The larvae have been reported feeding on Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae species.

## InfoBox

| *Pygarctia abdominalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Pygarctia* |
| Species: | ***P. abdominalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pygarctia abdominalis***<br>Grote, 1871 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pygarctia grossbecki* Davis, 1913 | |


title: Udi Dekel

abstract: Ehud "Udi" Dekel is a former Israeli army brigadier general. He was head of the Planning Directorate of the Israel Defense Forces and is now deputy director of the Institute for National Security Studies. Dekel's military career began in the Israeli Air Force. He headed the Air Intelligence Group in the mid 1990s and then was chief of the External Relations Division of the IDF. He served as the IAF's representative in peace negotiations with the Palestinians. Prime Minister Ehud Olmert appointed Dekel to lead the Israeli negotiating team in the peace talks that followed the Annapolis Conference in early 2008. He helped formulate Israeli positions in negotiations. Since leaving government, Dekel has served in Track II diplomacy under the auspices of the S. Daniel Abraham Center for Strategic Dialogue at Netanya Academic College and funded by the European Union. His working group, composed of Israelis, Palestinians, and Jordanians, is studying the regional security implications of creating a Palestinian state. Dekel is also a researcher at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.

text:
# Udi Dekel

**Ehud "Udi" Dekel** (Hebrew: אהוד "אודי" דקל, born c. 1957) is a former Israeli army brigadier general. He was head of the Planning Directorate of the Israel Defense Forces and is now deputy director of the Institute for National Security Studies.

Dekel's military career began in the Israeli Air Force. He headed the Air Intelligence Group in the mid 1990s and then was chief of the External Relations Division of the IDF. He served as the IAF's representative in peace negotiations with the Palestinians.

Prime Minister Ehud Olmert appointed Dekel to lead the Israeli negotiating team in the peace talks that followed the Annapolis Conference in early 2008. He helped formulate Israeli positions in negotiations.

Since leaving government, Dekel has served in Track II diplomacy under the auspices of the S. Daniel Abraham Center for Strategic Dialogue at Netanya Academic College and funded by the European Union. His working group, composed of Israelis, Palestinians, and Jordanians, is studying the regional security implications of creating a Palestinian state.

Dekel is also a researcher at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.


title: Gurobi Optimizer

abstract: Gurobi Optimizer is a prescriptive analytics platform and a decision-making technology developed by Gurobi Optimization, LLC. The Gurobi Optimizer is a solver, since it uses mathematical optimization to calculate the answer to a problem. Gurobi is included in the Q1 2022 inside BIGDATA “Impact 50 List” as an honorable mention.

text:
# Gurobi Optimizer

**Gurobi Optimizer** is a prescriptive analytics platform and a decision-making technology developed by Gurobi Optimization, LLC. The Gurobi Optimizer (often referred to as simply, “Gurobi”) is a solver, since it uses mathematical optimization to calculate the answer to a problem.

Gurobi is included in the Q1 2022 inside BIGDATA “Impact 50 List” as an honorable mention.

## History

Dr. Zonghao Gu, Dr. Edward Rothberg, and Dr. Robert Bixby founded Gurobi in 2008, coming up with the name by combining the first two initials of their last names. Gurobi is used for linear programming (LP), quadratic programming (QP), quadratically constrained programming (QCP), mixed integer linear programming (MILP), mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP), and mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP).

In 2016, Dr. Bistra Dilkina from Georgia Tech discussed how she uses Gurobi in the field of computational sustainability, to optimize movement corridors for wildlife, including grizzly bears and wolverines in Montana.

In 2018, The New York Times reported that the U.S. Census Bureau used Gurobi to conduct census block reconstruction experiments, as part of an effort to reduce privacy risks.

Since 2019, Gurobi is used by National Football League (NFL) to build its game schedule each year.

In 2020, Gurobi has partnered with GE Digital GE Grid Solutions, the University of Florida, and Cognitive Analytics on a project for planning and scheduling day-ahead electricity supply.

In 2021, DoorDash used Gurobi, in combination with machine learning, to solve dispatch problems.

In 2023, Air France used Gurobi to power its decision-support tool, which recommends optimal flight and aircraft assignments and can take constraints like fuel consumption and an aircraft’s flying hours into account.

## InfoBox

Gurobi Optimizer
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Mathematical Optimization, Prescriptive Analytics, Decision Intelligence |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Headquarters | Beaverton, Oregon |
| Key people | Dr. Zonghao Gu, Dr. Edward Rothberg, and Dr. Robert Bixby |
| Website | https://www.gurobi.com/ |


title: Obesity and sexuality

text:
# Obesity and sexuality

Being overweight or obese has influence on the sexuality of people in various different aspects. It can include negative aspects such as stigmatization which can be an obstacle for romantic developments, sexual dysfunction and an increased chance of risky sexual behavior. It can also have positive aspects in the form of fat fetishism.

## Background

The number of people with obesity has greatly increased in recent decades.

## Childhood and puberty

Childhood obesity is correlated to early puberty. Girls who go through puberty earlier are more likely to be sexually active than other girls of the same age and are more likely to become pregnant and contract STDs. In their teen years, increased weight can also lead to obstacles for romantic developments. A 2005 study showed that "a teenage girl’s odds for a romantic relationship… dropped 6 to 7 percent for every 1-point increase in her body mass index." Gay, bisexual and transgender children are more likely to be obese, according to a 2020 study. The root cause for this is unknown.

## Stigma

Being obese or overweight is stigmatized. In 2007, Substantia Jones started The Adipositivity Project, which is an annual nude photography series depicting fat couples in a positive way to reduce the stigma.

## Dating and relationships

For many, the stigma in dating remains even after having lost weight, also due to fear of gaining weight again. According to psychology professor David Sarwer, the prevailing belief is that people who have never been obese are better able to control their weight. Sex educator Laura Delarato noted that there is fetishization of fat bodies. Some dating sites exclusively for fat people have been made. BMI is highly correlated between romantic partners.

## Sexual health and satisfaction

An increased body weight can lead to an increase in sex hormone-binding globulin, which causes testosterone to fail. That can cause the libido to decrease. It can also narrow down the blood vessels, which makes it harder to climax. Sex positions tend to be more limited.

### Men

In men, it can lead to erectile dysfunction.

### Women

Women in class 3 obesity experience the most impairment in sexual quality of life, with an overall lack of enjoyment of sexual activity. In women, it generally leads to low self-esteem and negative self image.

## Fat fetishism

Fat fetishism (and "feederism") has been described as a sexual subculture, sexual fetish and a lifestyle.

Hanne Blank has written:

> "Feederism is a red herring, it creates alarm and controversy that derails more meaningful discourse about fat sexuality. All of fat people’s sexuality gets lost in the shadow of the mainstream media’s voyeuristic fixation on what is portrayed as a freak show."

Some people consider feederism to be a part of BDSM, because food is used as a means of control because the feeder decides what the feedee eats and how much their body changes. Some fat people do happily engage in the fetishism and find fulfillment in it. Many have felt fetishism thrust on them without consent. Aubrey Gordon has rejected the notion that fat attraction is necessarily a fetish. Feederism has been depicted in films like Feed and City Island, where the first was not consensual but the latter was.

### Pornography and sex work

Web queries on Internet pornography websites for 'fat' outpaced 'skinny'. As a 33 stone woman, Amanda Faye has been able to make a living out of eating for the camera.

### Leblouh

Leblouh is the practice of force-feeding women.

## Further reading


title: Joe Hogan (Pennsylvania politician)

abstract: Joe Hogan is an American politician. A Republican, he is a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives representing the 142nd legislative district since 2023.

text:
# Joe Hogan (Pennsylvania politician)

**Joe Hogan** is an American politician. A Republican, he is a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives representing the 142nd legislative district since 2023.

## Political career

Before running for office, Joe wrote and managed grants as program director for The Redevelopment Authority of the County of Bucks (RDA). Working at the RDA provided insight into the needs of small businesses, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. He worked with regional partners, secured and distributed more than $1 million in grants and loans to keep local businesses operational. Joe was also responsible for the administration of millions of dollars in emergency services grants to keep our communities safe and first responders prepared. Hogan ran for the 142nd PA House seat in 2023 to replace Frank Farry, who was running for the Pennsylvania State Senate. Hogan won election by 76 votes, after a voting machine was found untabluated in Lower Southampton. The votes in that machine gave Hogan his victory after opponent Mark Moffa was up by two votes after election day.

## InfoBox

| Joe Hogan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 142nd district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 3, 2023 (2023-01-03) | |
| Preceded by | Frank Farry |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Pennsylvania State University (B.A., M.P.A.) Temple University (J.D.) |
|  | |


title: Rosa × alba

abstract: Rosa × alba, the white rose of York, is a hybrid rose of unknown parentage that has been cultivated in Europe since ancient times. It may have originally been grown mainly for the sweet scent of the flowers, but is now also used as a winter-hardy garden shrub. Cultivated forms have white or pink flowers, and most have many petals. Hybrid cultivars have also been produced with red or yellow flowers.

text:
# Rosa × alba

***Rosa* × *alba***, the **white rose of York**, is a hybrid rose of unknown parentage that has been cultivated in Europe since ancient times. It may have originally been grown mainly for the sweet scent of the flowers, but is now also used as a winter-hardy garden shrub. Cultivated forms have white or pink flowers, and most have many petals. Hybrid cultivars have also been produced with red or yellow flowers.

## Description and distribution

*Rosa* × *alba* plants are tall shrubs with arching stems and bluish-green leaves. They bloom only in mid summer. They are extremely cold hardy and disease resistant, hence they are used to create new varieties for subarctic climates like northern Scandinavia and Canada. These magnificent shrubs can withstand shade and semishade, and are easily found abandoned in semi wild situations. In Sweden and Finland the French bred 'Minette' has been considered a wild rose called *R.* × *suonum* (Mustialanruusu). The Mustiala rose belongs to the Finns' tradition of roses "and is unknown outside the Nordic countries, although in 1819 it was bred in France". Found alba roses are very common in Germany; some may be local variations, but some could be old cultivars waiting to be renamed.

## Parentage hypotheses

*Rosa* × *alba* is hexaploid, with six sets of chromosomes in each cell, which means that it interbreeds only rarely with the more common diploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid roses. Maskew and Primavesi concluded in 2005 that a 1993 suggestion by Graham and Primavesi that it was derived by chromosome duplication from a triploid offspring of *R. arvensis* (diploid) and *R. gallica* (tetraploid) had been mistaken. *R. alba* shares some nuclear DNA sequences with *R. canina* and may be derived from hybridization between that species and *R. gallica*.

## Alba cultivars

Cultivars of *Rosa* × *alba* that are still grown include:

Hybrid cultivars include:

* Rosa 'Mme Plantier', an old rose with feathery sepals and cream flowers fading to white
* Rosa 'Crimson Blush', with red flowers, introduced 1988
* Rosa 'Lemon Blush', with pale yellow flowers, introduced 1988
* Rosa 'Morning Blush', white with pink and red edges, introduced 1988
* Rosa 'Royal Blush', with pale pink flowers, introduced 1988
* Rosa 'Tender Blush', with pale apricot flowers, introduced 1988

Media related to Rosa × alba at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Rosa × alba* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Rosa* |
| Species: | ***R. × alba*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rosa × alba***<br>L. | |
|


title: Miller Bluffs

abstract: The Miller Bluffs are a line of steep, east-facing bluffs about 15 nautical miles (28 km) long which extend west-northwest from Foros Spur at the mouth of Newcomer Glacier, along the northeast side of Gromshin Heights in northern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. The north end of the feature was photographed by Lincoln Ellsworth on his trans-Antarctic flight of November 23, 1935, and the bluffs were mapped by the United States Geological Survey in 1961 from air photos obtained by U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6 in 1959. The feature was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for the Hon. George P. Miller, former chairman of the House Science and Astronautics Committee, whose great interest in Antarctic activities was of assistance in assuring successful completion of U.S. research of that continent, 1958–72.

text:
# Miller Bluffs

The **Miller Bluffs** (77°35′S 85°45′W / 77.583°S 85.750°W / -77.583; -85.750) are a line of steep, east-facing bluffs about 15 nautical miles (28 km) long which extend west-northwest from Foros Spur at the mouth of Newcomer Glacier, along the northeast side of Gromshin Heights in northern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. The north end of the feature was photographed by Lincoln Ellsworth on his trans-Antarctic flight of November 23, 1935, and the bluffs were mapped by the United States Geological Survey in 1961 from air photos obtained by U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6 in 1959. The feature was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for the Hon. George P. Miller, former chairman of the House Science and Astronautics Committee, whose great interest in Antarctic activities was of assistance in assuring successful completion of U.S. research of that continent, 1958–72.

## Maps

* Newcomer Glacier. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1961.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Miller Bluffs". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.