title: Mobiltown railway station

abstract: Mobiltown is a former station on the Altona railway line, which now forms part of the Werribee railway line in Melbourne, Australia. It was located immediately north of the Kororoit Creek Road level crossing in the suburb of Altona North. The station opened in 1953 as the Standard Oil Platform, next to the oil refinery operated by the Vacuum Oil Company, and was used by refinery workers. Shortly after the company changed its name to Mobil Australia in 1954, the station's name was altered to reflect that. Mobiltown was made a public platform in 1958, and closed on 29 January 1985 because of low patronage. No trace of the platform remains and the rail overpass, which eliminated the Kororoit Creek Road level crossing in 2018, now overshadows the site of the station. Australian singer-songwriter, Broderick Smith sang about the "Last Train from Mobiltown" on his group's 1981 album Broderick Smith's Big Combo.

text:
# Mobiltown railway station

**Mobiltown** is a former station on the Altona railway line, which now forms part of the Werribee railway line in Melbourne, Australia. It was located immediately north of the Kororoit Creek Road level crossing in the suburb of Altona North. The station opened in 1953 as the **Standard Oil Platform**, next to the oil refinery operated by the Vacuum Oil Company, and was used by refinery workers. Shortly after the company changed its name to Mobil Australia in 1954, the station's name was altered to reflect that. Mobiltown was made a public platform in 1958, and closed on 29 January 1985 because of low patronage. No trace of the platform remains and the rail overpass, which eliminated the Kororoit Creek Road level crossing in 2018, now overshadows the site of the station.

Australian singer-songwriter, Broderick Smith sang about the "Last Train from Mobiltown" on his group's 1981 album *Broderick Smith's Big Combo*.

## InfoBox

| Mobiltown | |
| --- | --- |
| Closed commuter rail station | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 37°51′05″S 144°51′11″E / 37.85139°S 144.85306°E / -37.85139; 144.85306 |
| Line(s) | Werribee |
| Distance | 13.93 kilometres from<br>Southern Cross |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Demolished |
| History | |
| Opened | 1953 |
| Closed | 29 January 1985 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station  Metro Trains Following station  Seaholmetowards Westona  Werribee line  Newporttowards Flinders Street  List of closed railway stations in Melbourne | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Modeste Carlier

abstract: Modeste Carlier (1820–1878) was a Belgian portrait and subject painter.

text:
# Modeste Carlier

**Modeste Carlier** (1820–1878) was a Belgian portrait and subject painter.

## Life

Carlier was born at Quaregnon near Mons in 1820. He was a pupil of Picot. The collection of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium includes his picture *Locusta Experimenting with Poison on a Slave*. He died in Ixelles in 1878.

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bryan, Michael (1886). "Carlier, Modeste". In Graves, Robert Edmund (ed.). *Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (A–K)*. Vol. I (3rd ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.

## InfoBox

| Modeste Carlier | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Modeste Carlier
ca. 1820
Quaregnon, Belgium |
| Died | ca. 1878
Ixelles, Belgium |
| Occupation | Painter |


title: Nettie Ottenberg

abstract: Nettie Podell Ottenberg (1887–1982) was an American social worker. She was one of the first trained social workers in the United States. An advocate for women's suffrage, voting rights for Washington, D.C., and childcare, in the 1960s she won the first federal funding for daycare and the nickname “The Mother of Daycare”.

text:
# Nettie Ottenberg

**Nettie Podell Ottenberg** (1887–1982) was an American social worker. She was one of the first trained social workers in the United States. An advocate for women's suffrage, voting rights for Washington, D.C., and childcare, in the 1960s she won the first federal funding for daycare and the nickname “The Mother of Daycare”.

## Early life in Odesa, New York and Philadelphia

Nettie Podell was born in Odesa (then part of Russian Empire) on April 5, 1887, to Mordecai "Max" Podell (died 1922), a bookkeeper, and Mannie Podell. She had three brothers: Morris, David, and Jack. Her father was a linguist who often helped neighbors by translating letters from relatives who had immigrated to the United States and soon he was persuaded to go too. He moved first and the rest of the family immigrated to the United States in 1893.

From age five Nettie grew up on the Lower East Side of New York City and by her teenager years was horrified by the treatment of impoverished immigrants in the Lower East Side tenements, as the destitute were deported; this drew her to social work. She did not attend high school, enrolling directly in professional school, the New York School of Philanthropy (later part of Columbia University) and working as a secretary for $5 a week to afford her education. She graduated first in her class in 1905. She then became a probation officer in Philadelphia for three years, where she worked with Scott Nearing (then secretary to the Pennsylvania Child Labour Committee) and was proud of her record of never committing a boy to an institution. In 1909, she began working for the Brooklyn Council of Jewish Women, examining newly arrived immigrant girls. She was also a suffragist, and organized and ran, from 1909 to 1911, the first political settlement house for suffrage workers, located in Harlem, New York, thanks to an encounter with Alva Belmont whom Podell persuaded to fund the endeavor.

## Washington, D.C. years

On April 10, 1912, Nettie Podell married Louis Ottenberg, a lawyer in Washington, D.C., whose father founded Ottenberg Bakery, and joined him in Washington. The Ottenbergs had three children: Regina, Miriam, and Louis Ottenberg Jr.

A suffragist, Ottenberg was an organizer of the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington. In 1920, after women won the right to vote, Ottenberg cofounded the "Voteless DC" chapter of the League of Women Voters, as Washingtonians were not allowed to vote for US President at the time. At the 1936 national conference of the League, she urged the group to support federal voting rights for Washington. In 1937, Ottenberg became the D.C. chapter's president, serving a two-year term. In the same period (1937 to 1939), she was also president of the Washington, DC Section of the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), and from 1928 to 1977 was a representative to its Women's Joint Congressional Committee. She used these platforms as well to advocate for federal suffrage for D.C. and by 1957, the group had voiced criticism that racism played a part in the refusal to extend the franchise to D.C. In 1953, the League of Women Voters named her Citizen of the Year.

Other reform issues Ottenberg worked on included women's prisons, child labor and juvenile court systems, helping write D.C.'s juvenile court law.

In the 1960s, Ottenberg turned her attention to the issue of child care, which was emerging as a newly urgent issue as more middle-class women began working outside the home, and Ottenberg's successful advocacy earned her the title “The Mother of Daycare” in the press. In 1963 she was appointed to the Public Welfare Advisory Committee and the next year won the first ever federal funding for day care. From 1964 through the 1970s, she was a board member of the National Child Day Care Association in Washington, D.C. She successfully lobbied for $1.5 million to fund a pilot day care program D.C., run by the Association; the model program included a health screening for the children involved. She also advocated for use of Medicaid funding to provide children in poverty with early and regular health screenings and treatment.

## Later life

Ottenberg's husband Louis died on May 10, 1960.

Ottenberg worked into her 90s, profiled in *The Washington Post* in a 1977 piece subtitled “Granny Patrols at 90”. She told the *Post*: "I don't have time to think about old age. I try to listen to the problems of today." She propounded a variety of policy proposals: a tax exemption for landlords who offered on-site daycare; a program to address muggings of the elderly by instead paying young people to accompany them on their errands; funding for special education in public schools; among other ideas.

At the time she was living in an apartment on Connecticut Avenue and spending winters in Miami Beach, Florida, with yoga, swimming and walking several miles a day making up her regular exercise routine. In the last two years of her life, beginning in 1980, Ottenberg lived in an apartment next door to her daughter Miriam Ottenberg, a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter who was then in failing health. Nettie Ottenberg died of pneumonia on May 11, 1982, in Washington, D.C. She was survived by her three children, three grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren, though daughter Miriam died in November of the same year.

## InfoBox

| Nettie Ottenberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Ottenberg pictured in the program for the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession | |
| Born | Nettie Podell
(1887-04-05)April 5, 1887
Odesa |
| Died | May 11, 1982(1982-05-11) (aged 95) |
| Alma mater | New York School of Philanthropy |
| Occupation | Social worker |
| Years active | 1906-1982 |
| Spouse | Louis Ottenberg (m. 1912-1960) |
| Children | 3, including Miriam Ottenberg |
| Parents | * Mordecai “Max” Ottenberg (father) * Mannie Ottenberg (mother) |


title: Orhaneli

abstract: Orhaneli is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 838 km⁲, and its population is 18,543 (2022).

text:
# Orhaneli

**Orhaneli** is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 838 km2, and its population is 18,543 (2022).

## History

From 1867 until 1922, Orhaneli (then named Adranos) was part of Hüdavendigâr vilayet.

## Composition

There are 61 neighbourhoods in Orhaneli District:

## InfoBox

| Orhaneli | |
| --- | --- |
| District and municipality | |
|  | |
| Map showing Orhaneli District in Bursa Province | |
| OrhaneliLocation in TurkeyOrhaneliOrhaneli (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 39°54′10″N 28°59′15″E / 39.90278°N 28.98750°E / 39.90278; 28.98750 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bursa |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Ali Osman Tayir (AKP) |
| Area | 838 km2 (324 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | 18,543 |
| Density | 22/km2 (57/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 16980 |
| Area code | 0224 |
| Website | www.orhaneli.bel.tr |


title: Międzylesie, Wągrowiec County

abstract: Międzylesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damasławek, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Międzylesie, Wągrowiec County

**Międzylesie** \[mjɛnd͡zɨˈlɛɕɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damasławek, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Międzylesie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Międzylesie | |
| Coordinates: 52°48′48″N 17°27′46″E / 52.81333°N 17.46278°E / 52.81333; 17.46278 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Wągrowiec |
| Gmina | Damasławek |
| Population | 2,766 |


abstract: The Convention on Road Signs and Signals, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is a multilateral treaty to standardize the signing system for road traffic in use internationally.

text:
# Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals

The **Convention on Road Signs and Signals**, commonly known as the **Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals**, is a multilateral treaty to standardize the signing system for road traffic (road signs, traffic lights and road markings) in use internationally.

## History

This convention was agreed upon by the United Nations Economic and Social Council at its Conference on Road Traffic in Vienna 7 October to 8 November 1968, was concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968, and entered into force on 6 June 1978. This conference also produced the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which complements this legislation by standardising international traffic laws.

The convention revised and substantially extended the earlier 1949 Geneva Protocol on Road Signs and Signals, itself based in turn on the 1931 Geneva Convention concerning the Unification of Road Signals. Amendments, including new provisions regarding the legibility of signs, priority at roundabouts, and new signs to improve safety in tunnels were adopted in 2003.

Both the Vienna Convention and the Geneva Protocol were formed according to consensus on road traffic signs that evolved primarily in 20th century continental Western Europe. In order to make it as universal as possible, the convention allows some variations, for example danger warning signs can be triangular or square diamond in shape and road markings can be white or yellow. Though most UN members have not ratified the full treaty, the signs and legal principles enshrined in it form the basis of traffic law in a majority of places.

An alternative convention called the SADC-RTSM, provided by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), is used by ten countries in southern Africa. Many of the rules and principles of the SADC-RTSM are similar to those of the Vienna Convention.

In the United States, signs are based on the US Federal Highway Administration's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Signs in the MUTCD are often more text-oriented, though some signs do use pictograms as well. Canada and Australia have road signs based substantially on the MUTCD. In South America, Ireland, several Asian countries (Cambodia, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia) and New Zealand, road signage is influenced by both the Vienna Convention and MUTCD. In Central America, road signs are heavily influenced by MUTCD and based on the *Manual Centroamericano de Dispositivos Uniformes para el Control del Transito*, a Central American Integration System (SICA) equivalent to the US MUTCD.

## Rules

### Road signs

In article 2 the convention classes all road signs into a number of categories (A – H):

The convention then lays out precise colours, sizes, and shapes for each of these classes of sign:

| Class of sign | Shape | Ground | Border | Size | Symbol | Examples |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Danger warning sign | Equilateral triangle | White or yellow | Red | 0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small) | Varies; Black or dark blue |  |
| | Diamond | Yellow | Black | 0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small) | Varies; Black or dark blue |  |
| Priority signs | | | | | | |
| Give Way sign | Inverted equilateral triangle | White or yellow | Red | 0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small) | None |  |
| Stop sign | Octagon | Red | White | 0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small) | Stop written in white |  |
| | Circular | White or yellow | Red | 0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small) | Stop written in black or dark blue inside red inverted triangle |  |
| Priority road | Diamond | White | Black | 0.5 m (large), 0.35 m (small) | Yellow or orange square |  |
| End of priority road | Diamond | White | Black | 0.5 m (large), 0.35 m (small) | Yellow or orange square with black or grey diagonal lines crossing the sign |  |
| Priority for oncoming traffic | Circular | White or yellow | Red | Unspecified | Black arrow indicating direction with priority, red arrow indicating direction without |  |
| Priority over oncoming traffic | Rectangle | Blue | None | Unspecified | White arrow indicating direction with priority, red arrow indicating direction without |  |
| Prohibitory signs | | | | | | |
| Standard prohibitory | Circular | White or yellow | Red | 0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small) | Varies; black or dark blue |  |
| Parking prohibited | Circular | Blue | Red | 0.6 m (large), 0.2 m (small) | None |  |
| | Circular | White or yellow | Red | 0.6 m (large), 0.2 m (small) | Initial letter or ideogram to denote parking; black or dark blue |  |
| Stopping prohibited | Circular | Blue | Red | 0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small) | None |  |
| End of prohibition | Circular | White or yellow | None | 0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small) | Black or grey diagonal line |  |
| Mandatory signs | | | | | | |
| Standard mandatory | Circular | Blue | None, white | 0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small), 0.3 m (very small) | Varies, white |  |
| | Circular | White or yellow | Red | 0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small), 0.3 m (very small) | Varies, black or dark blue |  |
| Special regulation signs | | | | | | |
| All signs | Rectangular | Blue | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, white |  |
| | | Light | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, Black |  |
| Information, facilities or service signs | | | | | | |
| All signs | Unspecified | Blue or green | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, on white or yellow rectangle |  |
| Direction, position or indication signs | | | | | | |
| Informative signs | Rectangular, sometimes with arrowhead | Light | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, dark |  |
| | | Dark | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, light |  |
| Motorways | Rectangular | Blue or green | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, white |  |
| Temporary | Rectangular | Yellow or orange | Unspecified | Unspecified | Varies, black |  |
| Additional panels | | | | | | |
| All panels | Unspecified | White, blue or yellow | Black, blue or red | Unspecified | Varies, black or dark blue |  |
| | | Black, red or dark blue | White, blue or yellow | Unspecified | Varies, white, blue or yellow |  |
| Class of sign | Shape | Ground | Border | Size | Symbol | Examples |

May be written in English or the national language

It also specifies the symbols and pictograms which may be used, and the orientations in which they may be used. When more than one is available, the same one must be used nationally. All signs, except for those that do not apply at night, must be reflective enough to be seen in darkness with headlights from a distance.

### Road markings

The convention also specifies road markings. All such markings must be less than 6 mm high, with cat's eye reflectors no more than 15 mm above the road surface. The road markings shall be white or yellow.

The length and width of markings varies according to purpose, although no exact figures for size are stated; roads in built up areas should use a broken line for lane division, while continuous lines must only be used in special cases, such as reduced visibility or narrowed carriageways.

All words painted on the road surface should be either of place names, or of words recognisable in most languages, such as "Stop" or "Taxi".

### Traffic lights

The Convention specifies the colours for traffic lights and their meanings, and places and purposes lights may be used for, like so:

| Type | Shape | Colour | | Position | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-flashing | Plain |  | Green | At intersection, entrance to tunnel or bridge | Proceed |
| | |  | Amber | At intersection, level crossing, swing bridge, airport, fire station or ferry terminal | Stop if safe to do so |
| | |  | Red | At intersection | Stop |
| | |  | Red and amber | At intersection | Signal is about to change (usually to green) |
| | Arrow pointing left |  | Green | At intersection | Only traffic turning left may proceed |
| | Arrow pointing right |  | Green | At intersection | Only traffic turning right may proceed |
| | Arrow pointing upwards |  | Green | At intersection | Only traffic travelling straight ahead may proceed |
| | Arrow pointing downwards |  | Green | Above lane | Traffic may continue in lane |
| | Cross (×) |  | Red | Above lane | Traffic may not enter lane (lane closed) |
| | Arrow pointing diagonally downwards |  | Amber or white | Above lane | Lane closes shortly ahead, change lane in the direction of the arrow |
| Flashing | Plain |  | Double Red (alternating) | At level crossing, swing bridge, airport, fire station or ferry terminal | Stop |
| | |  | Lunar white | At crossing | Proceed |
| | |  | Amber (flashing) | Anywhere except intersection | Proceed with caution |
| | |  | Amber (flashing) | At intersection | The priority is determined by  Priority Route or  Yield signs or if none of the above regular right of way rule. |

Red flashing lights may only be used at the locations specified above; any other use of the lights is in breach of the convention. Red lights must be placed on top when lights are stacked vertically, or on the side closest to oncoming traffic if stacked horizontally.

## Contracting parties

The convention has 71 state parties and 35 signatories (including acceding members) as of October 2022: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chile, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Holy See, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Venezuela and Vietnam.

The only countries in Europe that are not parties to the convention are Andorra, Ireland, Iceland, Malta and Monaco.

Countries in Asia that are not parties to the convention are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Republic of China (Taiwan), Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, North Korea, Oman, Palestine, Syria and Yemen. Cambodia, Laos, and South Korea are all signatories, but have yet to ratify the convention.

Other countries have not signed the convention; however, some have voluntarily adopted some Vienna convention signs.

## InfoBox

Convention on Road Signs
| Signatories and ratifications as of April 2023 <br>Signed   Ratified   Accession / succession   Uses the SADC Convention   Uses the SICA Convention | |
| --- | --- |
| Signed | 8 November 1968 |
| Location | Vienna |
| Effective | 6 June 1978 |
| Condition | Ratification by 15 states |
| Signatories | 35 |
| Parties | 71 |
| Depositary | UN Secretary-General |
| Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish |


title: Joint Operations: Typhoon Rising

abstract: Joint Operations: Typhoon Rising is a 2004 first-person shooter computer game from Novalogic that focuses almost entirely on its expansive online multiplayer mode. Set in Indonesia in the near future, Joint Operations takes the player to a country on the verge of disintegration. Regional independence movements have acquired advanced weaponry as the nation's military splits into competing factions. Escalating violence threatens innocent civilians and Western economic interests. Developed using the Black Hawk Down engine, Joint Operations promises superior rendering technology and an enhanced 3rd generation multiplayer experience.

text:
# Joint Operations: Typhoon Rising

***Joint Operations: Typhoon Rising*** is a 2004 first-person shooter computer game from Novalogic that focuses almost entirely on its expansive online multiplayer mode. Set in Indonesia in the near future, Joint Operations takes the player to a country on the verge of disintegration. Regional independence movements have acquired advanced weaponry as the nation's military splits into competing factions. Escalating violence threatens innocent civilians and Western economic interests. Developed using the Black Hawk Down engine, Joint Operations promises superior rendering technology and an enhanced 3rd generation multiplayer experience.

## Gameplay

Although the game contains a series of single player training missions and operations accessible under the main page option "Missions", most players utilize the game's multiplayer option to compete online under the main page option "Novaworld" which connects the player to Novalogic's online gaming environment, Novaworld. Each *Joint Operations* server at Novaworld has the potential to hold up to 150 players, based on server bandwidth capacity, making the game a Massive Multiplayer Online First Person Shooter. Although a number of these servers are run by Novalogic, anyone with a PC and sufficient internet bandwidth can host a server, with a player limit of up to 64 people. Many independent servers exist, hosted by individuals or groups of players who form clans.

In the multiplayer setting, the game has five modes, which dictate how gameplay proceeds on any given map:

* Coop: All players are on the Joint Operations side and fight against a rebel artificial intelligence team.
* Advance And Secure: Both teams try to capture and hold all the bases on the maps before time runs out.
* Team King of the Hill: The teams try to occupy a small zone on the map for ten minutes to win.
* Deathmatch: A kill limit is imposed, and all players operate independently seeking to kill other players to reach that goal before the clock runs out.
* Team Deathmatch: A kill limit is imposed, and both teams try to kill players on the opposing team to reach that goal before the clock runs out.

## Teams

### Joint Operations (Blue Team)

The Joint Operations Task Force is an international assistance force that is under the command of the fictional "Coalition of Nations", which was formed before 1999, made up of elite special operations personnel from the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Russia, Australia and Indonesia. The Task Force was previously employed in peacekeeping operations in East Timor. After requests from the Indonesian government, the Task Force was sent to the country as part of Operation Typhoon Rising, to stop the rebellion and re-establish government control over rebel-controlled territories.

### Rebels (Red Team)

The Indonesian Separatist Movement grew out of the 1998 Indonesian Revolution which saw the downfall of Indonesian President Suharto. The rebels fight for varied reasons in their desire to attain independence of certain provinces, as well as to protect their people against the government. The instruction manual for the game states that the Rebels feel that they have been the victims of unfair and inhumane treatment at the hands of the Indonesian military and government. Joint Operations forces were sent to Indonesia to combat the rebel threat after three bombs were detonated by the Rebels, with one destroying part of a school, one destroying a government building in Jakarta, and one that nearly killed the Indonesian president. Recently, factions of the military started to join the movement resulting in the rebels taking control of several military bases and capturing large numbers of weapons and vehicles.

## Expansion pack

On November 19, 2004, Novalogic released an expansion pack, *Joint Operations: Escalation*. The expansion pack was not a stand-alone release and required the original game be installed first prior to use. *Escalation* introduced new maps, weapons, and vehicles while focusing on an expansion of the conflict to other areas in Southeast Asia. Players had the option to use parachutes to jump out of helicopters or from elevated map locations.

In October 2005, Novalogic released both *Typhoon Rising* and *Escalation* as a compilation set called *Joint Operations: Combined Arms* which made it possible to buy both games in a single boxed product. This was done as a marketing move by the game manufacturer and there is no difference in game play between a player who owns *Joint Operations: Combined Arms* and a player who owns separate copies of both *Joint Operations: Typhoon Rising* and *Joint Operations: Escalation*.

On August 11, 2009 Navarre Corporation re-released the compilation as *Joint Ops: Combined Arms Gold*.

## Reception

### *Typhoon Rising*

*Typhoon Rising* received "favorable" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

*Joint Operations* was a runner-up for *Computer Games Magazine*'s 2004 "Best Multiplayer" award, which ultimately went to *Unreal Tournament 2004*. During the 8th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated *Typhoon Rising* for "Computer First-Person Action Game of the Year", which was ultimately awarded to *Half-Life 2*.

### *Escalation*

The expansion pack *Escalation* also received "favorable" reviews (though not as much as the original *Joint Operations*) according to Metacritic.

## InfoBox

| Joint Operations: Typhoon Rising | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | NovaLogic |
| Publisher(s) | NovaLogic
MicroMouse Co., Ltd. |
| Director(s) | John A. Garcia |
| Producer(s) | Joel Taubel |
| Designer(s) | Brent Houston |
| Programmer(s) | Mark Davis
Kyle Freeman
Kent Simon |
| Artist(s) | Chris Tamburrino |
| Composer(s) | Russell Brower
Paul M. Fox |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows |
| Release | * NA: 15 June 2004 * EU: 25 June 2004 |
| Genre(s) | First-person shooter |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer, co-op |


title: Uncommon Threads

abstract: Uncommon Threads is a TV craft show on the DIY Network, hosted by Allison Whitlock. The series focuses on the art of needlecrafts, including appliqué, crochet, embroidery, patchwork, quilting and rug making. The host is joined on each show by a different needle arts group, club, or designer from around the United States. Viewers get to know the guests as they share their ideas, specialties, techniques and creations.

text:
# Uncommon Threads

***Uncommon Threads*** is a TV craft show on the DIY Network, hosted by Allison Whitlock. The series focuses on the art of needlecrafts, including appliqué, crochet, embroidery, patchwork, quilting and rug making. The host is joined on each show by a different needle arts group, club, or designer from around the United States. Viewers get to know the guests as they share their ideas, specialties, techniques and creations.


title: Radim Rulík

abstract: Radim Rulík is a Czech ice hockey coach. He is currently the head coach of Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team.

text:
# Radim Rulík

**Radim Rulík** (born 10 June 1965 in Ostrov, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech ice hockey coach. He is currently the head coach of Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team.

## Coaching career

Rulík's coaching career began as an assistant coach for the HC Karlovy Vary in 1991. Then he was also an assistant coach for the HC Plzeň, Avangard Omsk and the Czech Republic national junior team. He was an assistant coach of the Czech Republic national team alongside Vladimír Růžička at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey and the 2005 IIHF World Championship where they won gold medals. He debuted first time as a head coach for the HC Karlovy Vary in the 2004–05 season. He was first and only head coach of the KHL club HC Lev Poprad.

## InfoBox

| Radim Rulík | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1965-06-10) 10 June 1965<br>Ostrov, Czechoslovakia |
| Occupation | Hockey Manager |


abstract: The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is a 1963 treaty that governs issues of liability in cases of nuclear accident. It was concluded at Vienna on 21 May 1963 and entered into force on 12 November 1977. The convention has been amended by a 1997 protocol, in force since 4 October 2003. The depository is the International Atomic Energy Agency. As of February 2014, the convention has been ratified by 40 states. Colombia, Israel, Morocco, Spain, and the United Kingdom have signed the convention but have not ratified it. Slovenia has denounced the treaty and withdrawn from it to become party to the Paris Convention.

text:
# Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage

The **Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage** is a 1963 treaty that governs issues of liability in cases of nuclear accident. It was concluded at Vienna on 21 May 1963 and entered into force on 12 November 1977. The convention has been amended by a 1997 protocol, in force since 4 October 2003. The depository is the International Atomic Energy Agency.

As of February 2014, the convention has been ratified by 40 states. Colombia, Israel, Morocco, Spain, and the United Kingdom have signed the convention but have not ratified it. Slovenia has denounced the treaty and withdrawn from it to become party to the Paris Convention.

## InfoBox

Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
| Signed | 21 May 1963 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Vienna |
| Effective | 12 November 1977 |
| Condition | 5 Ratifications |
| Signatories | 13 |
| Parties | 40 |
| Depositary | Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Languages | English, French, Russian and Spanish |


title: Ichocollo (Bolivia-Peru)

abstract: Ichocollo or Ichucollo is a mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range at the border of Bolivia and Peru, about 5,423 metres (17,792 ft) high. According to the Bolivian IGM (Instituto Geográfico Militar) map and a map edited by the Peruvian Ministry of Education it is located in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, near 14°41′57″S 69°14′55″W. According to reports of mountaineers, however, its position is more to the west on the Peruvian border of the Puno Region, Putina Province, Ananea District, near 14°41′30″S 69°15′30″W. This information is based on a DAV (Deutscher Alpenverein) map of 1957. Statements about the height of Ichocollo also vary considerably.

text:
# Ichocollo (Bolivia-Peru)

**Ichocollo** or **Ichucollo** (possibly from Aymara *jichu* ichhu (Peruvian feather grass), *qullu* mountain) is a mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range at the border of Bolivia and Peru, about 5,423 metres (17,792 ft) high. According to the Bolivian IGM *(Instituto Geográfico Militar)* map and a map edited by the Peruvian Ministry of Education it is located in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, near 14°41′57″S 69°14′55″W / 14.69917°S 69.24861°W / -14.69917; -69.24861. According to reports of mountaineers, however, its position is more to the west on the Peruvian border of the Puno Region, Putina Province, Ananea District, near 14°41′30″S 69°15′30″W / 14.69167°S 69.25833°W / -14.69167; -69.25833. This information is based on a DAV *(Deutscher Alpenverein)* map of 1957.

Statements about the height of Ichocollo also vary considerably.

## InfoBox

| Ichocollo | |
| --- | --- |
| IchocolloLocation in Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,423 m (17,792 ft) |
| Coordinates | 14°41′01″S 69°15′32″W / 14.68361°S 69.25889°W / -14.68361; -69.25889 |
| Geography | |
| Location | BoliviaPeru border |
| Parent range | Andes, Apolobamba |


title: Henry Yule Oldham

abstract: Henry Yule Oldham, was a teacher and geographer who, in 1901, conducted the definitive version of the Bedford Level experiment, a proof that the Earth is a sphere.

text:
# Henry Yule Oldham

**Henry Yule Oldham**, (14 December 1862 – 14 March 1951) was a teacher and geographer who, in 1901, conducted the definitive version of the Bedford Level experiment, a proof that the Earth is a sphere.

## Early life

Oldham was born in Düsseldorf, Kingdom of Prussia, the younger son of Thomas Oldham, the director of the Geological Survey of India. He was educated at Rugby and Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating at Jesus College as a commoner in 1882. Whilst at Oxford, he rowed in the college boat and was president of the Debating Society. He graduated in 1886 with a second class honours degree in Animal Morphology.

## Career

On graduating from Oxford, Oldham took a post as a private tutor in France. This he followed with post-graduate studies at Paris University (1886-7), before becoming in turn an assistant master at Hulme Grammar School and then at Harrow School. After further post-graduate studies at Berlin University (1891–92) he became a lecturer in Geography at Owens College, Manchester. In 1893 he took up a post at King's College, Cambridge, where he was to remain for twenty-eight years.

## The Bedford Level experiment

In 1838 Samuel Rowbotham of the Universal Zetetic Society had claimed to demonstrate that a six-mile length of the Old Bedford River, Cambridgeshire, had a flat surface and not, as would be expected if the earth were a sphere, a curved one. In 1870 on the same spot the noted explorer Alfred Russel Wallace, a trained surveyor, soundly disproved the observation, but the mystery was not allowed to rest and Rowbotham's supporters continued to argue their case with great vigour in the courts, in scientific journals and in pamphlets. In 1901 Oldham used a plate camera and theodolite for his careful observations along the length of the river and he presented his results at an illustrated lecture held at the British Association for the Advancement of Science. His experiment, because of its photographic proof, is regarded as definitive and was taught in schools until images taken from orbiting satellites became available.

## Selected works

* *Geography, Aims and Practice of Teaching*
* *Discovery of the Cape Verde Islands* Royal Geographical Society (1892)
* *A Pre-Columban Discovery Of America* Royal Geographical Society (1894)
* *Was America Discovered Before Columbus?* Geographical Journal **5** 221-339 (1898)
* *The Experimental Demonstration of the Curvature of the Earth's Surface, as Recorded by Photography*. Year Book of the Royal Society of London (1904)

## Honours and awards

* Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society

## Notes and references

* *Who Was Who: Oldham, Henry Yule* (2007). London, A & C Black


title: The Herald (South Africa)

abstract: The Herald is one of South Africa's oldest newspapers, first published on 7 May 1845. The newspaper is aimed at the people of Nelson Mandela Bay and is published daily from Monday to Friday, and is published in the form of "The Weekend Post" on Saturday. Online it is known as HeraldLIVE.

text:
# The Herald (South Africa)

The ***Herald*** is one of South Africa's oldest newspapers, first published on 7 May 1845. The newspaper is aimed at the people of Nelson Mandela Bay and is published daily from Monday to Friday, and is published in the form of "The Weekend Post" on Saturday. Online it is known as ***HeraldLIVE***.

## Distribution figures

Circulation
|  | Net Sales |
| --- | --- |
| Oct – Dec 2015 | 19 880 |
| Jun – Aug 2015 | 21 290 |
| Jan – Mar 2015 | 20 919 |
| Jan – Mar 2014 | 23 605 |

## InfoBox

The Herald
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Owner(s) | Arena Holdings |
| Publisher | Arena Holdings |
| Founded | 1845 |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa |
| Website | www.heraldlive.co.za |


title: Nanton District

abstract: Nanton District is one of the sixteen districts in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Savelugu-Nanton District in 1988, which was created from the former West Dagomba District Council, until the southern part of the district was split off to create Nanton District on 15 March 2018; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Savelugu Municipal District. The district is located in the northwest part of Northern Region and has Nanton as its capital town. The district has farming as the major activities.

text:
# Nanton District

**Nanton District** is one of the sixteen districts in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger **Savelugu-Nanton District** in 1988, which was created from the former **West Dagomba District** Council, until the southern part of the district was split off to create **Nanton District** on 15 March 2018; thus the remaining part has been renamed as **Savelugu Municipal District**. The district is located in the northwest part of Northern Region and has Nanton as its capital town. The district has farming as the major activities.

## Villages

* Nanton
* Tampion
* Tinkurugu
* Zieng
* Balishei
* Zoggu
* Nyeko
* Nagdigu
* Kpano
* Looni
* Digu
* Gushei
* Sakpali
* Chahayili
* Nanton kurugu
* Sandu
* Zali
* Kpachilo
* Dingoni
* Sahani
* Chaayili
* Gumani
* Gbumgbum
* Guntingli
* Nanton-Yapalsi
* Zali
* Kpano
* Fazihini
* Nyolugu
* Botingli
* Batangyili
* Dohi
* Gbungnaayili
* Kpunduli
* Janna
* Nyamandu
* Kpukpaligu
* Sahani
* Tahikpamo
* Guno

## Health facilities in the district

1. Nanton Health Center
2. Nagidigu CHPS Compound
3. Tampion Health Center
4. Zieng CHPS Compound
5. Nanton Kurugu CHPS Compound
6. Guntingli CHPS Compound
7. Nyolugu CHPS Compound
8.

## Education in the district

## Markets centers in the district

1. Nanton market
2. Tampion market
3. Zoggu market
4. Zieng market

## Reference

9°33′9.72″N 0°43′54.84″W / 9.5527000°N 0.7319000°W / 9.5527000; -0.7319000

## InfoBox

| Nanton District Nanton | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Districts of Northern Region | |
| Nanton DistrictLocation of Nanton District within Northern | |
| Coordinates: 9°33′9.72″N 0°43′54.84″W / 9.5527000°N 0.7319000°W / 9.5527000; -0.7319000 | |
| Country | Ghana |
| Region | Northern |
| Capital | Nanton |
| Government | |
| District Executive | Abdulai Murtala |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 50,767 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| ISO 3166 code | GH-NP-NT |


title: Inpui language

abstract:
Inpui or Puiron is a Naga language spoken in different villages of Senapati district, Tamenglong district, Noney District, and Imphal district in Manipur, and in some areas in Nagaland, India. Speakers of Inpui and Rongmei are subsumed under single ethnic group Kabui. But the two major ethnic groups have different languages and identity. Even though they are considered to be cognate ethnic group.
The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

text:
# Inpui language

**Inpui** or **Puiron** is a Naga language spoken in different villages of Senapati district, Tamenglong district, Noney District, and Imphal district in Manipur, and in some areas in Nagaland, India. Speakers of Inpui and Rongmei are subsumed under single ethnic group **Kabui**. But the two major ethnic groups have different languages and identity. Even though they are considered to be cognate ethnic group. The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

## Language varieties

Kabui was originally called Inpui, but Rongmei in Imphal valley also used the name Kabui. Rongmei in the hills did not use the name.

Inpui chong and Rongmei are sometimes considered to be the same language, despite being mutually unintelligible and only 68% lexically similar. The Inpui-speaking people are mainly concentrated in the Tamenglong district of Manipur, especially in the Haochong areas, which is a cluster of about 10 villages.

Inpui speakers also reside in Tamenglong headquarters, Noney areas, Makuilongdi and Senapati headquarters in Senapati district and three Inpui villages namely Changangei, Yurembam and Tamphagei in Imphal valley. The Inpui-speaking people are also found in the Peren and Dimapur district of Nagaland. The most similar dialect with Inpui among the ethnic groups living in Manipur is the Kom dialect.

## InfoBox

| Inpui | |
| --- | --- |
| Kabui | |
| *Inpui chong* | |
| *Inpui* written in Meitei script | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Manipur, Nagaland, Assam |
| Ethnicity | Inpui Naga |
| Native speakers | 29,000 (2001 census) |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `nkf` |
| *Glottolog* | `inpu1234` |
| ELP | Puiron |


title: Daniel Merrett

abstract: Daniel Merrett is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL).

text:
# Daniel Merrett

**Daniel Merrett** (born 12 December 1984) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL).

## Early life

Merrett was born in Adelaide, but moved to the Gold Coast with his family at a young age. A talented schoolboy rugby player for Benowa State High School, he was identified as a potential Australian rules footballer by AFL Queensland junior development scouts due to his imposing frame and ball-handling skills, and was groomed as a key forward with the Southport Sharks. He was recruited by the Brisbane Lions with the number 30 draft pick in the 2002 AFL Draft but took several years to develop sufficiently to make his debut.

## AFL career

Merrett made his AFL debut in Round 2, 2005 against Port Adelaide.

In 2009, Merrett appeared alongside other AFL footballers in an AFL television advertisement titled "AFL: In a League of its Own", which featured prominent AFL players playing Australian rules football at famous sporting venues around the world, and in the middle of other sports being played, including basketball, Association football and American football. In the advertisement, Merrett, along with James McDonald and Nathan Bock, unsuccessfully attempt to tackle Adam Cooney in a bullring.

In August 2016, he announced he would retire from the AFL at the end of the season.

He has been an assistant coach of the Lions' AFL Women's team since the inaugural season in 2017, and coached a game against Gold Coast in round three of the 2020 season when regular head coach Craig Starcevich was hospitalised. The game ended in a draw.

## Positions

Daniel Merrett used to play as a full forward, centre half forward or half forward flank in his early career but eventually regularly played as a fullback. He was the defender with the most spoils in the 2007 season.

## Statistics

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2005 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 15 | 13 | 9 | 48 | 43 | 91 | 40 | 19 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
| 2006 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 28 | 31 | 59 | 25 | 18 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 6.6 | 2.8 | 2.0 |
| 2007 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 110 | 90 | 200 | 89 | 27 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 9.1 | 4.0 | 1.2 |
| 2008 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 101 | 102 | 203 | 83 | 28 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 3.8 | 1.3 |
| 2009 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 115 | 215 | 82 | 26 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 11.3 | 4.3 | 1.4 |
| 2010 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 93 | 84 | 177 | 78 | 40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 11.1 | 4.9 | 2.5 |
| 2011 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 57 | 145 | 54 | 22 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.8 | 5.7 | 14.5 | 5.4 | 2.2 |
| 2012 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 22 | 26 | 13 | 191 | 100 | 291 | 113 | 63 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 4.5 | 13.2 | 5.1 | 2.9 |
| 2013 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 17 | 14 | 8 | 131 | 78 | 209 | 84 | 28 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 7.7 | 4.6 | 12.3 | 4.9 | 1.6 |
| 2014 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 19 | 12 | 8 | 105 | 78 | 183 | 71 | 24 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 9.6 | 3.7 | 1.3 |
| 2015 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 42 | 111 | 52 | 9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 11.1 | 5.2 | 0.9 |
| 2016 | Brisbane Lions | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 96 | 76 | 172 | 57 | 32 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 1.7 |
| Career | | | 200 | 70 | 41 | 1160 | 896 | 2056 | 828 | 336 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 10.3 | 4.1 | 1.7 |

## InfoBox

| Daniel Merrett | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Merrett in March 2017 | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Daniel Merrett | | |
| Nickname(s) | Sauce | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-12-12) 12 December 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Adelaide, South Australia, Australia | | |
| Original team(s) | Southport (QAFL) | | |
| Draft | No. 30, 2002 national draft | | |
| Height | 195 cm (6 ft 5 in) | | |
| Weight | 103 kg (227 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Brisbane Lions
(women's forwards coach) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 20032016 | Brisbane Lions | 200 (70) |
| Coaching career3 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (W–L–D)** |
| 2020 | Brisbane (women's) | 1 (0–0–1) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 2016.3 Coaching statistics correct as of round 3, 2020. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Henry Z. Osborne

abstract: Henry Zenas Osborne was an American newspaperman and Republican politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1917 to 1923.

text:
# Henry Z. Osborne

**Henry Zenas Osborne** (October 4, 1848  February 8, 1923) was an American newspaperman and Republican politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1917 to 1923.

## Biography

He was born in New Lebanon, New York on October 4, 1848. In 1873 he worked for *The New York Times*.

## Congress

He was elected to the United States House of Representatives from California and served from March 4, 1917, until his death.

## Death and burial

Osborne died at age 74 in Los Angeles, California. He is interred in Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery.

## Electoral history

1914 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Progressive** | **William Stephens (Incumbent)** | **44,141** | **38.4** |
|  | Republican | Henry Z. Osborne | 33,172 | 28.9 |
|  | Democratic | Nathan Newby | 17,810 | 15.5 |
|  | Socialist | Ralph L. Criswell | 14,900 | 13.0 |
|  | Prohibition | Henry Clay Needham | 4,903 | 4.3 |
| Total votes | | | **70,926** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | |  |  |
|  | Progressive **hold** | | | |

1916 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Henry Z. Osborne** | **63,913** | **49.5** |
|  | Democratic | Rufus W. Bowden | 33,225 | 25.7 |
|  | Progressive | Henry Stanley Benedict | 14,305 | 11.1 |
|  | Socialist | James H. Ryckman | 9,000 | 7.0 |
|  | Prohibition | Henry Clay Needham | 8,781 | 6.8 |
| Total votes | | | **129,224** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | |  |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

1918 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Henry Z. Osborne (Incumbent)** | **72,773** | **88.2** |
|  | Socialist | James H. Ryckman | 9,725 | 11.8 |
| Total votes | | | **82,498** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | |  |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

1920 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Henry Z. Osborne (Incumbent)** | **97,469** | **82.7** |
|  | Socialist | Upton Sinclair | 20,439 | 17.3 |
| Total votes | | | **117,908** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | |  |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

1922 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Henry Z. Osborne (Incumbent)** | **98,739** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | | 98,739 | 100 |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Henry Z. Osborne | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 10th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1917  February 8, 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Henry S. Benedict |
| Succeeded by | John D. Fredericks |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Henry Zenas Osborne
(1848-10-04)October 4, 1848
New Lebanon, New York, U.S. |
| Died | February 8, 1923(1923-02-08) (aged 74)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Industrial Gothic

abstract: Industrial Gothic is a five-issue comic book limited series written and illustrated by Ted McKeever. It was published in 1995 by Vertigo, edited by Lou Stathis.

text:
# Industrial Gothic

***Industrial Gothic*** is a five-issue comic book limited series written and illustrated by Ted McKeever. It was published in 1995 by Vertigo, edited by Lou Stathis.

## Story

Pencil and Nickel are two inmates of a prison in a dystopian society in which ugliness is a crime. Pencil was born in the prison; Nickel is incarcerated there because she has no arms or legs. They decide to escape, in order to find a semi-mythical place called The Aluminium Tower, in which everyone is accepted no matter what they look like.

## InfoBox

| *Industrial Gothic* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first issue. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Vertigo |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Limited series |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | December 1995 - April 1996 |
| No. of issues | 5 |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | Ted McKeever |
| Written by | Ted McKeever |
| Artist(s) | Ted McKeever |
| Letterer(s) | John Workman |
| Colorist(s) | Ted McKeever |
| Editor(s) | Axel Alonso<br>Lou Stathis |


title: The Hour Glass (company)

abstract: The Hour Glass Limited is a Singapore-based specialty luxury watch retail group. The Hour Glass' has multi-brand and standalone boutiques in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Phuket, Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. It works as the official retailer for a number of luxury watch brands. The group also deals in luxury properties and owns high-end retail and commercial properties throughout Asia. A notable example was the purchase of two high-end Australian properties for $37.2 million in 2015. The group also owns Watches of Switzerland, a watch retail chain in Singapore that deals in mid-tier to high-end Swiss timepieces. The group acquired the chain in October 2014 from the Jay Gee Melwani Group for $13.3 million.

text:
# The Hour Glass (company)

**The Hour Glass Limited** (SGX: AGS ) is a Singapore-based specialty luxury watch retail group. The Hour Glass' has multi-brand and standalone boutiques in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Phuket, Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. It works as the official retailer for a number of luxury watch brands.

The group also deals in luxury properties and owns high-end retail and commercial properties throughout Asia. A notable example was the purchase of two high-end Australian properties for $37.2 million in 2015.

The group also owns Watches of Switzerland, a watch retail chain in Singapore that deals in mid-tier to high-end Swiss timepieces. The group acquired the chain in October 2014 from the Jay Gee Melwani Group for $13.3 million.

## History

The Hour Glass (“THG”) was founded in 1979 by Dr. Henry Tay and Dato' Dr. Jannie Tay. The first store was opened at Lucky Plaza in partnership with Metro Holdings and was a one-of-its-kind store during its time. Dr. Jannie Tay was the managing director of the company and led it for the first 25 years.

The company was eventually bought out by Metro Holdings in 1987. The company ventured into overseas business expansion, and also bought into other businesses, such as perfume, jewellery and also became involved as a luxury watch distributor throughout the region during Dr. Jannie Tay’s tenure (1979 – 2004) as Executive Vice Chairman of The Hour Glass Limited. In 2005, Michael Tay, the son of Dr. Henry and Dr. Jannie Tay, took over as Executive Director.

## Watch brands

The Hour Glass work with the following watch brand companies:

## InfoBox

The Hour Glass Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | SGX: AGS |
| Industry | Watch Retailer |
| Founded | 1979 |
| Headquarters | Singapore |
| Area served | Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia, New Zealand |
| Key people | Dr Henry Tay (Executive Chairman) |
| Products | Wristwatches |
| Revenue | S$691.6 million (2018) |
| Net income | S$50.7 million (2018) |
| Website | thehourglass.com |


title: Nanjing railway station (Taiwan)

abstract: Nanjing station is a railway station on the Taiwan Railways Administration West Coast line located in Shuishang Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan.

text:
# Nanjing railway station (Taiwan)

**Nanjing station** (Chinese: 南靖車站; pinyin: *Nánjìng Chēzhàn*) is a railway station on the Taiwan Railways Administration West Coast line located in Shuishang Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan.

## History

The station was opened on 20 March 1911.

| Preceding station | Taiwan Railway | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shuishangtowards Keelung |  | Western Trunk line |  | Houbitowards Pingtung |

## InfoBox

| Nanjing<br>南靖車站 | |
| --- | --- |
| Train station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shuishang, Chiayi County, Taiwan |
| Coordinates | 23°24′48.6″N 120°23′10.1″E / 23.413500°N 120.386139°E / 23.413500; 120.386139 |
| Owned by | Taiwan Railways Administration |
| Operated by | Taiwan Railways Administration |
| Line(s) | Western Trunk line |
| Train operators | Taiwan Railways Administration |
| History | |
| Opened | 20 March 1911 (1911-03-20) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 368 daily (2023) | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Plumbing code

abstract: A plumbing code is a code that provides regulations for the design, installation and inspection of building plumbing and sanitary systems. In the United States, jurisdictions enact their own codes, some of which are based upon model plumbing codes. The most widely adopted plumbing code in the United States is the International Plumbing Code published by the International Code Council (ICC). This code is also used as the basis for the plumbing codes of some other countries. Another model plumbing code published and utilized widely across the United States is the Uniform Plumbing Code, published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), a multinational operation with offices in 13 nations. IAPMO codes are developed using ANSI consensus development procedures. This code serves as the basis for the national plumbing codes in India and Indonesia. Plumbing codes mainly focus on venting. Improper venting can release noxious fumes into homes and buildings.

text:
# Plumbing code

A **plumbing code** is a code that provides regulations for the design, installation and inspection of building plumbing and sanitary systems. In the United States, jurisdictions enact their own codes, some of which are based upon model plumbing codes. The most widely adopted plumbing code in the United States is the International Plumbing Code published by the International Code Council (ICC). This code is also used as the basis for the plumbing codes of some other countries. Another model plumbing code published and utilized widely across the United States is the Uniform Plumbing Code, published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), a multinational operation with offices in 13 nations. IAPMO codes are developed using ANSI consensus development procedures. This code serves as the basis for the national plumbing codes in India and Indonesia.

Plumbing codes mainly focus on venting. Improper venting can release noxious fumes into homes and buildings.


title: Glaphyria spinacrista

abstract: Glaphyria spinacrista is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Maria Alma Solis and David Adamski in 1998. It is found in north-western Costa Rica.

text:
# Glaphyria spinacrista

***Glaphyria spinacrista*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Maria Alma Solis and David Adamski in 1998. It is found in north-western Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Glaphyria spinacrista* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Glaphyria* |
| Species: | ***G. spinacrista*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glaphyria spinacrista***<br>Solis & Adamski, 1998 | |
|


title: Input/Output Control System

abstract: Input/Output Control System (IOCS) is any of several packages on early IBM entry-level and mainframe computers that provided low level access to records on peripheral equipment. IOCS provides functionality similar to 1960s packages from other vendors, e.g., File Control Processor (FCP) in RCA 3301 Realcom Operating System, GEFRC in GECOS, and to the later Record Management Services (RMS) in DEC VAX/VMS Computers in the 1950s and 1960s typically dealt with data that were organized into records either by the nature of the media, e.g., lines of print, or by application requirements. IOCS was intended to allow Assembler language programmers to read and write records without having to worry about the details of the various devices or the blocking of logical records into physical records. IOCS provided the run time I/O support for several compilers. Computers of this era often did not have operating systems in the modern sense. Application programs called IOCS routines in a resident monitor, or included macro instructions that expanded to IOCS routines. In some cases IOCS was designed to coexist with Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-line (SPOOL) software. The level of access is at a higher level than that provided by BIOS and BDOS in the PC world; in fact, IOCS has no support for character-oriented I/O, primarily because the systems for which it was designed didn't support it. Versions of IOCS existed for the IBM 705 III, 1401/1440/1460, 1410/7010, 7070/7072/7074, 7080 and 7040/7044/7090/7094. These systems heavily influenced the data management components of the operating systems for the System/360; the name IOCS was carried through in DOS/360 through z/VSE, with a distinction between Logical IOCS (LIOCS) and Physical IOCS (PIOCS). Although some technical details and nomenclature are different among the various IOCS packages, the fundamental concepts are the same. For concreteness, the discussion and examples in this article will mostly be in terms of 7070 IOCS. Also, multiple continuation lines will be shown as ellipses (...) when they don't serve to illustrate the narrative.

text:
# Input/Output Control System

**Input/Output Control System** (**IOCS**) is any of several packages on early IBM entry-level and mainframe computers that provided low level access to records on peripheral equipment. IOCS provides functionality similar to 1960s packages from other vendors, e.g., **File Control Processor** (FCP) in RCA 3301 Realcom Operating System, **GEFRC** in GECOS, and to the later **Record Management Services** (RMS) in DEC VAX/VMS (later OpenVMS.)

Computers in the 1950s and 1960s typically dealt with data that were organized into records either by the nature of the media, e.g., lines of print, or by application requirements. IOCS was intended to allow Assembler language programmers to read and write records without having to worry about the details of the various devices or the blocking of logical records into physical records. IOCS provided the run time I/O support for several compilers.

Computers of this era often did not have operating systems in the modern sense. Application programs called IOCS routines in a resident monitor, or included macro instructions that expanded to IOCS routines.

In some cases IOCS was designed to coexist with Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-line (**SPOOL**) software.

The level of access is at a higher level than that provided by BIOS and BDOS in the PC world; in fact, IOCS has no support for character-oriented I/O, primarily because the systems for which it was designed didn't support it. Versions of IOCS existed for the IBM 705 III, 1401/1440/1460, 1410/7010, 7070/7072/7074, 7080 and 7040/7044/7090/7094. These systems heavily influenced the data management components of the operating systems for the System/360; the name IOCS was carried through in DOS/360 through z/VSE, with a distinction between Logical IOCS (**LIOCS**) and Physical IOCS (**PIOCS**).

Although some technical details and nomenclature are different among the various IOCS packages, the fundamental concepts are the same. For concreteness, the discussion and examples in this article will mostly be in terms of 7070 IOCS. Also, multiple continuation lines will be shown as ellipses (...) when they don't serve to illustrate the narrative.

## Structure

An IOCS program must do three things, each discussed in a subsection below.

For the 7070 these are done using 7070 Autocoder declarative statements and macro instructions.

### Identify required IOCS services

IOCS supported several classes of I/O equipment

* Disk drives
* Tape drives
* Unit record equipment. The record length was dictated by the physical media, which were

Some services offered by IOCS were not needed by all applications, e.g., checkpoints, label processing. An IOCS program must identify the particular devices types and services it uses. A 7070 IOCS program must specify one or more DIOCS statements:

```
<nowiki/>
              11   22
     6        56   01
     GENERAL   DIOCS''general parameters''
     TAPE      DIOCSD729,''tape parameters''
     DISK      DIOCSD1301,''disk parameters''
     END       DIOCS
```

These declarative statements identify index registers reserved for the use of IOCS, indicate channels used, indicate whether the program is to coexist with **SPOOL** and provide processing options. The END DIOCS statement causes the assembly of IOCS unless a preassembled version is requested. The first (general) form is omitted when the D729 form is used.

In some other IOCS packages similar functions are provided by control cards.

### Create control blocks for individual files

An IOCS program must create a control block for each file, specifying information unique to the file. For 7070 IOCS these are entries in the *File Specification Table* for tape files, each of which is generated by a DTF statement, or separate control blocks generated by DDF or DUF statements.

```
              11   22
     6        56   01
               DTF  OUT
     FCHANNEL       2
               ...  ...
     DAFILE    DDF
     IODEVICE       5
     DREFMODE       4
               ...  ...
               DUF  CONSFILE,1,4,CARDRDW,CARDIX,CONSEOF,CONSERR

```

In some other IOCS packages similar functions are provided by control cards.

### Process files

The above code defines a tape file on channel 1 called OUT, a sequential 1301/1302 disk file called DAFILE and a card file called CONSFILE.

Any IOCS program must specify the actions that it wishes to perform. In 7070 IOCS this is done with processing macros.

```
              11   22
     6        56   01
               OPEN CONSFILE,OUT
     LOOP      GET  CONSFILE
               PUT  OUT
               B    LOOP
     CONSEOF   CLOSECONSFILE,OUT

```

In some other IOCS packages similar functions are provided by explicit subroutine calls.

* BIOS
* Sharp IOCS, a similarly named system on 8-bit pocket computers by Sharp

1. *RCA 3301 Realcom Training Manual* (PDF). RCA EDP Division. November 1964. 94-06-000.
2. *GE-635 File and Record Control Reference Manual*. GE. CPB-1003.
3. *VAX-11 Record Management Services Reference Manual* (PDF). DEC. February 1979. AA-D031B-TE.
4. *IBM 7070 SPOOL System*. IBM. J28-6047-1.
5. "SPOOL System", 7070-IO-076
6. *Reference Manual Input/Output Control System for the IBM 705 III*. IBM. C28-6109.
7. *IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units, Unit Record Equipment (7070-IO-904)*. IBM. C28-6175-3.
8. *IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 1301 and 1302 Disk Storage (7070-IO-940)*. IBM. C28-6272-1.
9. *IBM Programming Systems Analysis Guide 7070 Input/Output Control System* (PDF). IBM. 1961. C28-6119.
10. *7080 Input/Output Control System for use with 729 Magnetic Tape Units* (PDF). IBM. C28-6237.
11. *Reference Manual, IBM 709/7090 Input/output Control System* (PDF). IBM. C28-6100-2.
12. *IBM Operating System/360 Concepts and Facilities* (PDF). IBM. C28-6535-0.
13. *IBM z/VSE Version 6 Release 1 System Macros User's Guide* (PDF). IBM. 2015. SC34-2709-00.
14. *DOS Supervisor and I/O Macros* (PDF). IBM. GC24-S037-12.
15. *IBM 7070 Programming Series Autocoder*. IBM. C28-6121-3.
16. *IBM 7070 Four Tape Autocoder*. IBM. J28-6055.


title: Radio A (Banja Luka)

abstract: Radio A is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as music, talk show and local news. The owner of the radio station is ATV. Alternativna TV bought Radio Igokea, which was owned by Gorica Dodik, the daughter of Milorad Dodik, and the Igokea Basketball Club. This radio, which was previously renamed "Agape", will operate as "A radio" in the future. Radio A was founded on 3 September 2019 when local radio station Radio Agape was rebranded. "A radio" from Laktaši moved to Banja Luka and is located in the ATV building. According to media reports, Drahmi Miskin took over the position of director from Ivana Dodik, the wife of Dodik's son Igor. Estimated number of listeners of A Radio is around 218.355. The program is mainly produced in Serbian, 24 hours a day, and it is available in the territory of Banja Luka and Lijevče polje area.

text:
# Radio A (Banja Luka)

**Radio A** is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as music, talk show and local news. The owner of the radio station is ATV.

*Alternativna TV* bought *Radio Igokea*, which was owned by Gorica Dodik, the daughter of Milorad Dodik, and the Igokea Basketball Club. This radio, which was previously renamed "Agape", will operate as "A radio" in the future.

Radio A was founded on 3 September 2019 when local radio station *Radio Agape* was rebranded. "A radio" from Laktaši moved to Banja Luka and is located in the ATV building. According to media reports, Drahmi Miskin took over the position of director from Ivana Dodik, the wife of Dodik's son Igor.

Estimated number of listeners of *A Radio* is around 218.355.

The program is mainly produced in Serbian, 24 hours a day, and it is available in the territory of Banja Luka and Lijevče polje area.

## Frequencies

## InfoBox

A Radio
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Banja Luka |
| Frequency | Banja Luka 94.4 MHz |
| Branding | Commercial |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Serbian |
| Format | Local news, talk and music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | A RADIO d.o.o. Banja Luka |
| Sister stations | ATV |
| History | |
| First air date | 3 September 2019 (2019-09-03) |
| Former call signs | Radio Agape |
| Call sign meaning | A RADIO |
| Technical information | |
| Transmitter coordinates | 44°46′N 17°11′E / 44.767°N 17.183°E / 44.767; 17.183 |
| Repeater(s) | Banja Luka/Šibovi |
| Links | |
| Webcast | On website |
| Website | www.atvbl.com |


abstract: The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the destruction of the ozone layer, resulting in an increased threat of skin cancer.

text:
# Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

The **Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer** is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the destruction of the ozone layer, resulting in an increased threat of skin cancer.

## Background

During the 1970s, research indicated that man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) reduce and convert ozone molecules in the atmosphere. CFCs are stable molecules composed of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine that were used prominently in products such as refrigerators. The threats associated with reduced ozone pushed the issue to the forefront of global climate issues and gained promotion through organizations such as the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations. The Vienna Convention was agreed upon at the Vienna Conference of 1985 and entered into force in 1988. The Vienna Convention provided the framework necessary to create regulatory measures in the form of the Montreal Protocol.

In terms of universality, it is one of the most successful treaties of all time, having been ratified by 198 states (all United Nations members as well as the Holy See, the State of Palestine, Niue and the Cook Islands) as well as the European Union. While not a binding agreement, it acts as a framework for the international efforts to protect the ozone layer; however, it does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs, the main chemical agents causing ozone depletion.

## Provisions

The treaty's provisions include the international sharing of climate and atmospheric research to promote knowledge of the effects on the ozone layer. In addition, the treaty calls for the adoption of international agencies to assess the harmful effects of depleted ozone and the promotion of policies that regulate the production of harmful substances that influence the ozone layer. One of the outcomes of the Vienna Convention was the creation of a panel of governmental atmospheric experts known as the Meeting of Ozone Research Managers, which assesses ozone depletion and climate change research and produces a report for the Conference of Parties (COP). Additionally, the COP utilizes the data assessed to suggest new policies aimed at limiting CFC emissions.

Currently, the COP meets every three years and coordinates with the timing of a similar meeting rendered under the Montreal Protocol. The Ozone Secretariat functions as an administrator of the COP, Montreal Meeting of Parties (MOP), and Open-Ended Working Groups that help facilitate functions under the convention. A Multilateral Fund exists to aid developing nations transition from ozone-depleting chemicals using guidelines under the convention, which is administered by a Multilateral Fund Secretariat. The Multilateral Fund has aided thousands of projects in nearly 150 countries, preventing the usage of roughly 250,000 tons of ozone-depleting chemicals.

## InfoBox

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
| Signed | 22 March 1985 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Vienna, Austria |
| Effective | 22 September 1988 |
| Condition | ratification by 20 states |
| Signatories | 28 |
| Ratifiers | 198 |
| Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations |
| Languages | Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish |


title: Okere Falls Power Station

abstract: Okere Falls Power Station is a hydroelectric power station that came into production in May 1901, bringing electricity to Rotorua. At the time, Rotorua was only the fourth town in New Zealand to have electricity. The power station was the first power station built by the New Zealand government, and it remained in operation until 1936.

text:
# Okere Falls Power Station

**Okere Falls Power Station** is a hydroelectric power station that came into production in May 1901, bringing electricity to Rotorua. At the time, Rotorua was only the fourth town in New Zealand to have electricity. The power station was the first power station built by the New Zealand government, and it remained in operation until 1936.

## History

With Rotorua's expanding tourism industry in the 19th century, demand grew for having electrical lighting. In 1897, land was secured at Okere Falls for a powerhouse, followed by a tender in 1899 to build a hydro-electric power plant.

Rotorua's demand for electricity grew rapidly and by 1907 could not be met by the existing turbine anymore. In 1908, a new wing dam out from the head gates into the river was completed, bringing in enough water to run a second 100 kilowatts (130 hp) turbine, doubling the station's output to 200 kilowatts (270 hp). Each of the 'Waverley' horizontal turbines was connected by leather belts to two 50 kilowatts (67 hp) generators

Today, a viewing platform overlooking the Okere Falls waterfall also takes in the remains of the original dynamo house. In 1995, one of the old 100 kW turbines was retrieved from the riverbank through the same cutting that was originally used to lower it to the dynamo house. It is now on display at the start of the Okere Falls track.

## InfoBox

| Okere Falls Power Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Power station in 1908 | |
| Location of Okere Falls Power Station in New Zealand | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 38°0.86′S 176°20.73′E / 38.01433°S 176.34550°E / -38.01433; 176.34550 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Impounds | Kaituna River |
| Commission date | 1901 |
| Decommission date | 1939 |
| Installed capacity | 200kW |


title: Industrial Groups

abstract: The Industrial Groups were groups formed by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the late 1940s, by Catholic ALP members aligned with B. A. Santamaria's "Movement" within the ALP from 1944, to combat alleged Communist Party infiltration in the trade unions. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was a belief among some people, notably within the Catholic Church, that the Communist Party of Australia was trying to infiltrate trade unions in Australia. In response, the Labor party set up "industrial groups" within trade unions to counter the perceived Communist threat. In 1941, the Italian-Australian political scientist and anti-Communist activist B. A. Santamaria founded the Catholic Social Studies Movement in Victoria, with the support of Victoria's Roman Catholic Archbishop, Daniel Mannix to impact on the postwar labour movement. "The Movement" quickly gained a large influence in the Industrial Groups. Members of these groups were informally called "Groupers". "The Movement" and the "Groupers" were opposed not only to the Communist Party, but to those elements within the Labor Party whom they reportedly considered to be insufficiently opposed to communism. Alleging that the "Groupers" were exercising disproportionate influence within the ALP, the party leader, H. V. Evatt, turned against them following the 1954 federal election, precipitating the 1955 split in the Labor Party. This resulted in many "Groupers" resigning or being expelled from the ALP, and the disaffiliation of several unions, and the formation of the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), in 1957 becoming the Democratic Labor Party. While the Movement and its Groupers achieved some success in the ALP and unions, the split in the ALP they caused and the preferencing of the Liberal Party by The Democratic Labor Party was instrumental in keeping the ALP out of power in Australia for almost 30 years.

text:
# Industrial Groups

The **Industrial Groups** were groups formed by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the late 1940s, by Catholic ALP members aligned with B. A. Santamaria's "Movement" within the ALP from 1944, to combat alleged Communist Party infiltration in the trade unions.

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was a belief among some people, notably within the Catholic Church, that the Communist Party of Australia was trying to infiltrate trade unions in Australia. In response, the Labor party set up "industrial groups" within trade unions to counter the perceived Communist threat.

In 1941, the Italian-Australian political scientist and anti-Communist activist B. A. Santamaria founded the Catholic Social Studies Movement ("The Movement") in Victoria, with the support of Victoria's Roman Catholic Archbishop, Daniel Mannix to impact on the postwar labour movement. "The Movement" quickly gained a large influence in the Industrial Groups. Members of these groups were informally called "Groupers".

"The Movement" and the "Groupers" were opposed not only to the Communist Party, but to those elements within the Labor Party whom they reportedly considered to be insufficiently opposed to communism. Alleging that the "Groupers" were exercising disproportionate influence within the ALP, the party leader, H. V. Evatt, turned against them following the 1954 federal election, precipitating the 1955 split in the Labor Party.

This resulted in many "Groupers" resigning or being expelled from the ALP, and the disaffiliation of several unions, and the formation of the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), in 1957 becoming the Democratic Labor Party.

While the Movement and its Groupers achieved some success in the ALP and unions, the split in the ALP they caused and the preferencing of the Liberal Party by The Democratic Labor Party was instrumental in keeping the ALP out of power in Australia for almost 30 years.


title: The Law and Mr. Jones

abstract: The Law and Mr. Jones is an American legal drama series starring James Whitmore. The series aired on ABC in two nonconsecutive seasons from October 7, 1960 to June 2, 1961, and again from April 19 to July 12, 1962. The program was created and produced by Sy Gomberg, and was set in New York City.

text:
# The Law and Mr. Jones

***The Law and Mr. Jones*** is an American legal drama series starring James Whitmore. The series aired on ABC in two nonconsecutive seasons from October 7, 1960 to June 2, 1961, and again from April 19 to July 12, 1962. The program was created and produced by Sy Gomberg, and was set in New York City.

## Cast

### Main

### Recurring

### Guest stars

Notable guest stars include:

## Production

In 2000, James Whitmore said of the series, "That thing arose out of the American Civil Liberties Union … This was right after the McCarthy thing was so hot in this country, and I thought it was time we did something about the right of people to disagree with one another in a reasonable fashion … That was the predication of that show, and I produced it … It was a wonderful experience." ABC had canceled the series after its first season, but thousands of angry letters from fans convinced them to bring the show back in 1962. Whitmore explained, "We were taken off the air after one year, because I didn't want to do the commercials \[for\] Gleem Toothpaste. They wanted me as that character, that lawyer, to come on and say, 'You ought to use Gleem toothpaste,' and I didn't think I wanted to do that, so they dropped us. Procter and Gamble were our sponsors. Then, they had an astonishing hundreds of thousands of letters. It was engineered by some newspaper guys to get the show back on, and they brought it back on. I believe, if I'm not mistaken, the only time that had ever happened, with a TV show. I think it's happened since, but not at that point. We were brought back for one year."

## Episodes

### Season 1 (1960–61)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "What's in a Name?" | Lamont Johnson | Sy Gomberg | October 7, 1960 (1960-10-07) |
| 2 | 2 | "Music to Hurt By" | David Alexander | Sy Gomberg | October 14, 1960 (1960-10-14) |
| 3 | 3 | "The Baby" | Robert Ellis Miller | Sy Gomberg | October 28, 1960 (1960-10-28) |
| 4 | 4 | "Drivel" | David Alexander | Sy Gomberg | November 4, 1960 (1960-11-04) |
| 5 | 5 | "Semper Fidelis" | Charles Haas | Robert Pirosh | November 11, 1960 (1960-11-11) |
| 6 | 6 | "Promise of Life" | Charles Haas | Les Pine | November 18, 1960 (1960-11-18) |
| 7 | 7 | "The Storyville Gang" | David Alexander | Robert Pirosh | November 25, 1960 (1960-11-25) |
| 8 | 8 | "No Sale" | Charles Haas | Palmer Thompson | December 2, 1960 (1960-12-02) |
| 9 | 9 | "A Question of Guilt" | Robert Ellis Miller | Paul David | December 16, 1960 (1960-12-16) |
| 10 | 10 | "Christmas is a Legal Holiday" | Robert Ellis Miller | Sy Gomberg | December 23, 1960 (1960-12-23) |
| 11 | 11 | "The Long Echo" | Robert Ellis Miller | Paul David | December 30, 1960 (1960-12-30) |
| 12 | 12 | "The Great Gambling Raid" | David Alexander | Sy Gomberg | January 6, 1961 (1961-01-06) |
| 13 | 13 | "The Trophy" | Robert Ellis Miller | Sy Gomberg | January 13, 1961 (1961-01-13) |
| 14 | 14 | "Indian War" | David Alexander | Paul David | January 20, 1961 (1961-01-20) |
| 15 | 15 | "Exit" | Robert Ellis Miller | Paul David | January 27, 1961 (1961-01-27) |
| 16 | 16 | "Unbury the Dead" | Tom Gries | Sy Gomberg | February 3, 1961 (1961-02-03) |
| 17 | 17 | "The End Justifies the End" | David Alexander | Arthur Ross & Sy Gomberg | February 10, 1961 (1961-02-10) |
| 18 | 18 | "Lethal Weapons" | David Alexander | Palmer Thompson | February 17, 1961 (1961-02-17) |
| 19 | 19 | "One for the Money" | David Alexander | Palmer Thompson | February 24, 1961 (1961-02-24) |
| 20 | 20 | "Cold Turkey" | David Alexander | Les Pine | March 3, 1961 (1961-03-03) |
| 21 | 21 | "The Concert" | Robert Ellis Miller | Paul David | March 10, 1961 (1961-03-10) |
| 22 | 22 | "Everybody vs. Timmy Drayton" | Robert Ellis Miller | Franklin Barton & Sy Gomberg | March 17, 1961 (1961-03-17) |
| 23 | 23 | "A Very Special Citizen" | Robert Ellis Miller | Paul David | March 24, 1961 (1961-03-24) |
| 24 | 24 | "Accidental Jeopardy" | Lamont Johnson | Palmer Thompson | March 31, 1961 (1961-03-31) |
| 25 | 25 | "Mea Culpa" | Lamont Johnson | *Story by*: Arnold & Lois Peyser
*Teleplay by*: Richard P. McDonagh & Sy Gomberg | April 7, 1961 (1961-04-07) |
| 26 | 26 | "A Fool for a Client" | Lamont Johnson | Ernest Kinoy | April 21, 1961 (1961-04-21) |
| 27 | 27 | "The Enemy" | Robert Ellis Miller | Ernest Kinoy | April 28, 1961 (1961-04-28) |
| 28 | 28 | "One by One" | David Alexander | Wallace Ware | May 5, 1961 (1961-05-05) |
| 29 | 29 | "A Quiet Town" | David Alexander | Richard P. McDonagh | May 12, 1961 (1961-05-12) |
| 30 | 30 | "The Last Commencement" | David Alexander | Unknown | May 19, 1961 (1961-05-19) |
| 31 | 31 | "No Law for Ghosts" | David Alexander | Unknown | May 26, 1961 (1961-05-26) |
| 32 | 32 | "The Broken Hand" | Lamont Johnson | Palmer Thompson | June 2, 1961 (1961-06-02) |

### Season 2 (1962)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 33 | 1 | "No News is Good News" | Don Medford | William Bast | April 19, 1962 (1962-04-19) |
| 34 | 2 | "The Boy Who Said No" | David Alexander | George Clayton Johnson | April 26, 1962 (1962-04-26) |
| 35 | 3 | "Reunion" | Stuart Rosenberg | *Story by*: Mort Fine & David Friedkin
*Teleplay by*: Richard P. McDonagh & Sy Gomberg | May 3, 1962 (1962-05-03) |
| 36 | 4 | "The Walkout" | David Alexander | Shimon Wincelberg | May 10, 1962 (1962-05-10) |
| 37 | 5 | "Everybody is Money" | Sydney Pollack | S. Lee Pogostin | May 17, 1962 (1962-05-17) |
| 38 | 6 | "Wilderness" | David Alexander | Paul David | May 24, 1962 (1962-05-24) |
| 39 | 7 | "The Man Who Wanted to Die" | David Alexander | Sy Gomberg | May 31, 1962 (1962-05-31) |
| 40 | 8 | "The Co-Operatives" | Joseph Sargent | Sy Gomberg | June 7, 1962 (1962-06-07) |
| 41 | 9 | "Thicker Than Water" | John Rich | Palmer Thompson | June 14, 1962 (1962-06-14) |
| 42 | 10 | "What Can You Learn from Smoke Signals?" | John Rich | Sy Gomberg | June 21, 1962 (1962-06-21) |
| 43 | 11 | "C'est La Show Biz" | David Alexander | *Story by*: William Bast
*Teleplay by*: Richard P. McDonagh & Sy Gomberg | June 28, 1962 (1962-06-28) |
| 44 | 12 | "My Worthy Colleague" | David Alexander | Paul David | July 5, 1962 (1962-07-05) |
| 45 | 13 | "Poor Eddie's Dead" | Sydney Pollack | Sy Gomberg & Richard P. McDonagh | July 12, 1962 (1962-07-12) |

## InfoBox

| *The Law and Mr. Jones* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conlan Carter, Janet De Gore and James Whitmore (1962) | |
| Genre | Crime drama |
| Created by | Sy Gomberg |
| Written by | William Bast
Sy Gomberg
Lester Pine
Robert Pirosh |
| Directed by | David Alexander
Charles F. Haas
Robert Ellis Miller |
| Starring | James Whitmore
Janet De Gore
Conlan Carter |
| Composer | Hans Salter |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 45 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Sy Gomberg |
| Production companies | Naxan Productions
Four Star Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | October 7, 1960 (1960-10-07)
July 12, 1962 (1962-07-12) |


title: HTC Desire 616

abstract: The HTC Desire 616 is a mid-range Android smartphone released by HTC in 2014. It is the first HTC smartphone with an octa-core processor. It was launched on 7 July 2014 in Asian markets. On 11 July 2014, the phone was launched in India for 16900 INR.

text:
# HTC Desire 616

The **HTC Desire 616** is a mid-range Android smartphone released by HTC in 2014. It is the first HTC smartphone with an octa-core processor. It was launched on 7 July 2014 in Asian markets. On 11 July 2014, the phone was launched in India for 16900 INR.

## Specifications

### Design

The HTC Desire 616 has a 5.0 inch display; there is an earpiece, sensors and a front-facing camera from left to right at the upper bezel of the display while there is an "HTC" logo in the middle at the lower bezel of the display. The side frame is made of plastic, and has rounded corners and a matte finish. On the side frame; there is a volume rocker and a power button at the right side, there is a 3.5 mm headphone jack at the top, and there is a microphone hole and a microUSB port at the bottom; the left side is empty. The back panel is removable and has an "HTC" logo; removing the back panel reveals a removable battery, a microSD card slot and two SIM card slots. There is a rear-facing camera, an LED flash and a speaker at the back.

The device measures 142 x 71.9 x 9.1 mm weighs 150 grams. It is available in black, white and red.

### Hardware

The HTC Desire 616 is powered by MediaTek MT6592 system-on-chip with a 1.4 GHz ARM Cortex-A7 octa-core CPU and ARM Mali-450 MP4 GPU. It comes with 1 GB RAM and 4 GB internal storage expandable up to 32 GB through the microSD card slot. It has a 5.0 inch TFT LCD display with 720x1280 pixels (HD) resolution and 294 ppi pixel density. The phone has an 8 MP rear-facing camera coupled with LED flash and a 2 MP front-facing camera. It has a 2000 mAh removable battery. Connectivity options include Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n and Bluetooth 4.0.

The HTC Desire 610 is a dual SIM device. It has a miniSIM (SIM1) and a microSIM (SIM2) slot. Both of the SIM card slots support quad-band GSM but only the SIM1 supports dual-band 3G connectivity. It has dual standby feature, thus both of the SIM cards are active unless a call is taking place; the SIM card that is on standby is disabled during the calls.

### Software

The HTC Desire 616 runs on Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean with HTC's user interface Sense 5.5 out of the box. It also has HTC Blinkfeed.

## Reception

The phone received mixed reviews.

Aloysius Low of CNET described the phone as "\[a\] good-looking device suffering from underwhelming performance".

Ershad Kaleebullah of NDTV was unwilling to recommend the phone when compared to similarly priced alternatives such as the Xiaomi Mi 3.

GSMArena reviewed the device. The battery life, the outdated Android operating system version and the camera quality were criticized.

## InfoBox

HTC Desire 616
| Manufacturer | HTC |
| --- | --- |
| Dimensions | 142 x 71.9 x 9.2 mm |
| Weight | 150 grams |
| Operating system | Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean, HTC Sense 5.5 |
| System-on-chip | MediaTek MT6592 |
| CPU | 1.4 GHz ARM Cortex-A7
octa-core CPU |
| GPU | ARM Mali-450 MP4 |
| Memory | 1 GB RAM |
| Storage | 4 GB |
| Removable storage | microSD card support up to 32 GB |
| Battery | 2000 mAh removable battery |
| Display | 5.0 inch TFT LCD display, 720x1280 pixels (HD) resolution, 294 ppi pixel density |
| Rear camera | 8 MP; 1080p video recording |
| Front camera | 2 MP |
| Connectivity | Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n
Bluetooth 4.0
microUSB 2.0
3.5 mm headphone jack |
| Data inputs | Accelerometer
Proximity sensor |


title: John Witmer

abstract: John Douglas Witmer was a Canadian blues singer, songwriter and harmonica player, most notable as the lead vocalist for the band Whiskey Howl and the Downchild Blues Band.

text:
# John Witmer

**John Douglas Witmer** (February 1951 – July 3, 2004) was a Canadian blues singer, songwriter and harmonica player, most notable as the lead vocalist for the band Whiskey Howl and the Downchild Blues Band.

## Biography

Described as "one of Toronto's great blues singers from the late '60s to the mid-'80s", with "a raspy vocal style", John Witmer co-founded the seminal Canadian blues band, Whiskey Howl in 1969, when he was eighteen years old. The Toronto-based Whiskey Howl, along with the Downchild Blues Band, also formed in 1969, were two of the principal influences in the development of Canadian blues music.

One of Witmer's first professional engagements with Whiskey Howl was as one of the acts playing at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival in September 1969. This was a one-day festival, featuring an historic appearance by John Lennon and The Plastic Ono Band, and which resulted in the release of the album *Live Peace in Toronto 1969*.

Despite the early success and promise of Whiskey Howl, the band broke up as of 1972, shortly after the release of their first album. Witmer continued to sing locally through the balance of the 1970s, rejoining Whiskey Howl for a reunion concert that resulted in the band's second album release, *Live at The El Mocambo*, in 1981.

Between 1982 and 1986, Witmer was the lead singer of the Downchild Blues Band, one of three singers who replaced Downchild co-founder Richard "Hock" Walsh, during various periods when Walsh either left the band or was fired as Downchild's lead singer. He recorded one album with Downchild, *But I'm on the Guest List* (1982), recorded live at Toronto's El Mocambo club, after Downchild had regrouped following the death of band member Jane Vasey.

Witmer relocated to Vancouver in the late 1980s, where he joined The BelAirs, a band that existed between 1985 and 1995, after which it became known as The Fabricators. The Fabricators were described by the West Coast Blues Review as "one of Vancouver's hottest R&B acts". The music with which Witmer was associated at the time was described as "the raw & powerful Delta and Chicago blues, rhythmic New Orleans and Tex-Mex tunes, old rock and roll gems, the smooth urban sounds of Detroit and Philadelphia, as well as many original compositions." During this same period and for the last fifteen years of his life, Witmer was an employee of the British Columbia Institute of Technology, where he worked with Larry Smith, co-founder of The BelAirs and The Fabricators. The Fabricators, established in 1995 as a successor band to The BelAirs, broke up in 2002, and was Witmer's last band. He ceased performing after the band's breakup. Witmer died suddenly two years later, on July 3, 2004, at the age of 53. He was survived by his second wife, a daughter and two sons.

*It is with great sadness and heavy hearts that The Fabricators announce the passing of John Witmer (lead singer). He was truly one of Canada's best blues singer-songwriters. ...John's passing is a great loss to the Canadian music scene, and he will be sadly missed by all his fans, friends and family.* News Announcement, The Fabricators, July 12, 2004.

In the week following his death, a memorial service was held for John Witmer in Vancouver, attended by family, musical contemporaries and colleagues from the British Columbia Institute of Technology. In Toronto, on July 27, 2004, John Witmer was remembered by his Toronto family and colleagues in music through an additional memorial service.

## Discography

### Whiskey Howl

### Downchild Blues Band

* 1982 *But I'm on the Guest List* (Attic)

### The BelAirs

* 2008 *BelAirs Live 85–95* (Independent)

### The Fabricators

* 2001 *The Fabricators* (Independent)

### Contributions to others

### Compilations

* 1992 *Canadian Blues Masters* K-tel; cassette-only release.
* 2002 *Vancouver BC's Best Blues, Vol. 1* (Raw Records)

## InfoBox

| John Witmer | |
| --- | --- |
| John Witmer (second from right) with The BelAirs (later The Fabricators), circa 1990. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Douglas Witmer |
| Born | February 1951 |
| Died | July 3, 2004<br>Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Blues |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, harmonica player, songwriter |
| Instrument | Harmonica |
| Years active | 1969  2002 |


title: Antiguraleus serpentis

abstract: Antiguraleus serpentis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Antiguraleus serpentis

***Antiguraleus serpentis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off New South Wales

* Laseron, C. 1954. *Revision of the New South Wales Turridae (Mollusca).* Australian Zoological Handbook. Sydney : Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1-56, pls 1-12.

## InfoBox

| *Antiguraleus serpentis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Antiguraleus* |
| Species: | ***A. serpentis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Antiguraleus serpentis***<br>(Laseron, 1954) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Paraguraleus serpentis* Laseron, 1954 (original combination) | |