title: Indiana University Maurer School of Law

abstract: The Indiana University Maurer School of Law is the law school of Indiana University Bloomington, a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. Established in 1842, the school is named after alumnus Michael S. "Mickey" Maurer, an Indianapolis businessman who donated $35 million to the school in 2008. The law school is one of two law schools operated by Indiana University, the other being the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis. Although both law schools are part of Indiana University, each law school is wholly independent of the other.

text:
# Indiana University Maurer School of Law

The **Indiana University Maurer School of Law** is the law school of Indiana University Bloomington, a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. Established in 1842, the school is named after alumnus Michael S. "Mickey" Maurer, an Indianapolis businessman who donated $35 million to the school in 2008.

The law school is one of two law schools operated by Indiana University, the other being the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law (IU McKinney) in Indianapolis. Although both law schools are part of Indiana University, each law school is wholly independent of the other.

## History

Founded in 1842, the Indiana University Maurer School of Law is one of the oldest law schools in the United States. The school is located on the southwest corner of the Indiana University Bloomington campus, which puts it in the center of Bloomington. The school maintains significant alumni bases in Indianapolis, Chicago, Washington D.C., and New York.

Since its founding, the law school has produced many notable alumni, including an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, the current Chief Justice of Indiana, numerous state supreme court justices, and federal appellate and district court judges. The school's library, named for the American legal scholar and Indiana University law professor Jerome Hall, is one of the largest academic law libraries in the United States with more than 450,000 volumes.

## Admissions

For the class entering in 2023, the Indiana University Maurer School of Law accepted 46.86% of applicants, with 22.08% of those accepted enrolling. The average enrollee had a 164 LSAT score and 3.86 undergraduate GPA.

## Academics

The Juris Doctor (JD) degree is offered, along with 11 joint and dual degrees, including a JD/MBA with the Kelley School of Business and a JD/MPA with the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs. A master's in cybersecurity law and policy is also available in partnership with the Kelley School and the Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering. The school also partners with various schools around the world to offer exchange programs. Graduate degrees are also offered: LLM with or without thesis, SJD, MCL, and a PhD in law and democracy. The LLM course of study provides six areas of specialization.

The Maurer School of Law offers various experiential education opportunities, including five clinics (community law, conservation, entrepreneurship, intellectual property, and mediation); externships both in the US and abroad, and noncredit pro bono advocacy projects. Students are asked to commit 60 hours of pro bono service during their three years of law school.

Students compete in several competitions, including Sherman Minton Moot Court Competition, Jessup International Moot Court Competition, Trial Practice Competition, and Negotiations Competition. IU Maurer has more than 30 student organizations, including Intellectual Property Association, International Law Society, and Public Interest Law Foundation. Local chapters of national organizations include the American Constitution Society, Federalist Society for Law and Public Studies, and American Bar Association Law Student Division.

## Publications

* *Indiana Law Journal*
* *Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design*
* *Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies*
* *Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality*
* *IP Theory*

**Center for Constitutional Democracy** (CCD) seeks to study and promote constitutional democracy in countries marked by ethnic, religious, linguistic, and other divisions. Founded and directed by John S. Hastings Professor of Law David Williams, the CCD focuses its work in Burma, Liberia, South Sudan, and Libya, training the reform leaders of these countries in constitutionalism, parliamentary process, and legal ordering. The Center focuses its efforts on the constitutional aspects of democratic reform, enabling plural societies to peaceably provide meaningful self-governance to all their citizens. The CCD is the only educational institution in the United States that offers students the chance to work directly and regularly with foreign reform leaders to support constitutional democracy.

**Center for Intellectual Property Research** supports study in all aspects of intellectual property law and allied fields including patent, trademark, unfair competition, copyright and information policy.

**Center for Law, Society, and Culture** The fundamental mission of the Center for Law, Society & Culture is to promote and disseminate a multidisciplinary understanding of law through scholarship, teaching, and discussion. The Center produces, presents, and coordinates research conducted by exceptional scholars in schools and departments across Indiana University on the subject of law and legal problems. The Center supports research related to the law in a broad sense, including cultural aspects of law expressed through political theory and the humanities, and scientific aspects of law expressed through technological advance in biotechnology, environmental science, and information technology.

**Milt and Judi Stewart Center on the Global Legal Profession** Forces of globalization, politics and the economy create enormous challenges and opportunities for lawyers, clients, policymakers, law schools and the public. The Center on the Global Legal Profession focuses on the role of lawyers in society, the business of lawyering, and the organizational context housing legal practice. The Center's faculty and fellows examine these issues through the lens of empirical research, using original and existing data and utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The **Milton Stewart Fellows** are selected in a competitive process each year for internships in India, South Korea, and Brazil under the direction of the Center.

## Employment

According to the school's ABA-required disclosures, 83.5% of the Class of 2019 had obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment 10 months after graduation.

## Costs

The total cost of attendance (including tuition, fees, and living expenses) at the Maurer School of Law for the 2020-2021 academic year is $50,331 for an in-state resident, and $71,006 for a non-Indiana resident. Most students receive some form of financial aid.

## Rankings and reputation

In its 2022 rankings report released in March 2022, *U.S. News & World Report* ranked the IU Maurer School of Law 43rd among the nation's "Top 100 Law Schools". The school's programs in tax, intellectual property, business and commercial law, and international law, ranked 17th, 20th, 21st, and 28th, respectively, according to *U.S. News*.

## Faculty

Notable current Maurer School of Law faculty include Hannah L. Buxbaum, Fred Cate, Robert L. Fischman, Charles Gardner Geyh, Joseph L. Hoffmann, Donna M. Nagy, and Susan Hoffman Williams, among others. In addition to the current faculty, the law school's faculty has been honored by the teaching and scholarship of distinguished professors throughout its history. Some of them are:

## Notable alumni

39°09′54.3″N 86°31′35.4″W / 39.165083°N 86.526500°W / 39.165083; -86.526500

## InfoBox

| Indiana University<br>Maurer School of Law | |
| --- | --- |
| Lowell E. Baier Hall | |
| Established | 1842 (1842) |
| School type | Public law school |
| Dean | Christiana Ochoa |
| Location | Bloomington, Indiana, United States |
| Enrollment | 530 (Fall 2023 |
| Faculty | 125 (Fall 2022) |
| *USNWR* ranking | 42nd (tie) (2024) |
| Bar pass rate | 82.46% (2022; first-time takers) |
| Website | www.law.indiana.edu |
|  | |


title: Roman Catholic Diocese of San Leone

abstract: The Diocese of San Leone was a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Italian town of San Leone in Calabria. In 1547, it was suppressed to the Archdiocese of Trani. It was restored as a titular see in 1966.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of San Leone

The **Diocese of San Leone** (Latin: *Dioecesis Sancti Leonis*) was a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Italian town of San Leone in Calabria. In 1547, it was suppressed to the Archdiocese of Trani. It was restored as a titular see in 1966.

## History

## Bishops of San Leone

*Erected: 1322*
*Latin Name: Sancti Leonis*
*Metropolitan: Archdiocese of Santa Severina*

**...** * Antonius, O.Min. (Roman Obedience) 1402–1404

**...** **...**

*27 November 1571: Suppressed to the Archdiocese of Santa Severina*

## Sources

* Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). *Hierarchia catholica* (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
* Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). *Hierarchia catholica* (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 2 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
* Eubel, Conradus (ed.); Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). *Hierarchia catholica* (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 3 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. `{{cite book}}`: `|first1=` has generic name (help)


title: Karel Podhajský

abstract: Karel Podhajský is a Czech footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made over 150 appearances in the Czech First League between 1994 and 2003.

text:
# Karel Podhajský

**Karel Podhajský** (born 24 January 1973) is a Czech footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made over 150 appearances in the Czech First League between 1994 and 2003.

## InfoBox

Karel Podhajský
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1973-01-24) 24 January 1973 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994–1999 | Hradec Králové | 90 | (0) |
| 2000–2001 | Jablonec | 26 | (0) |
| 2001–2003 | Hradec Králové | 45 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1994 | Czech Republic U21 | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Those Southern Knights

abstract: Those Southern Knights is a 1976 studio album by The Crusaders. It peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Top LPs chart, as well as number 9 on the Soul LPs chart and number 2 on the Top Jazz LPs chart. It includes "Keep That Same Old Feeling" and "And Then There Was the Blues". The former peaked at number 21 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, while the latter peaked at number 92.

text:
# Those Southern Knights

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

***Those Southern Knights*** is a 1976 studio album by The Crusaders. It peaked at number 38 on the *Billboard* Top LPs chart, as well as number 9 on the Soul LPs chart and number 2 on the Top Jazz LPs chart.

It includes "Keep That Same Old Feeling" and "And Then There Was the Blues". The former peaked at number 21 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, while the latter peaked at number 92.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Spiral" | Joe Sample | 6:10 |
| 2. | "Keep That Same Old Feeling" | Wayne Henderson | 5:34 |
| 3. | "My Mama Told Me So" | Sample | 4:47 |
| 4. | "Til' the Sun Shines" | Larry Carlton | 2:44 |
| 5. | "And Then There Was the Blues" | Nesbert "Stix" Hooper | 9:36 |
| 6. | "Serenity" | Wilton Felder | 7:12 |
| 7. | "Feeling Funky" | Robert Popwell | 3:01 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.

**The Crusaders**

**Additional musicians**

**Production**

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Top LPs & Tape | 38 |
| US Top Soul LPs (*Billboard*) | 9 |
| US Top Jazz LPs (*Billboard*) | 2 |
|

## InfoBox

| Those Southern Knights | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Crusaders | |
| Released | 1976 |
| Recorded | 1975 |
| Studio | Total Experience Studios, Hollywood, California |
| Genre | Jazz fusion |
| Length | 39:17 |
| Label | ABC Records |
| Producer | Stewart Levine |
| The Crusaders chronology | |
| *Chain Reaction*
(1975) ***Those Southern Knights***
(1976) *Free as the Wind*
(1977) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Those Southern Knights* | |
| 1. "Keep That Same Old Feeling"
Released: 1976 2. "And Then There Was the Blues"
Released: 1976 | |
|  | |


title: H. K. S. O'Melveny

abstract: Harvey Kilpatrick Stuart O'Melveny (1823–1893) was a Circuit Court judge in Illinois and a Superior Court judge in California during the 19th century. He was president of the Los Angeles, California, Common Council—the legislative arm of the city—in 1871–72.

text:
# H. K. S. O'Melveny

**Harvey Kilpatrick Stuart O'Melveny** (1823–1893) was a Circuit Court judge in Illinois and a Superior Court judge in California during the 19th century. He was president of the Los Angeles, California, Common Council—the legislative arm of the city—in 1871–72.

## Biography

### Family

O'Melveny was born on March 5, 1823, in Elkton, Kentucky, the son of William O'Melveny and Susan McKee, Presbyterians who immigrated from Ireland. He had five brothers and five sisters. The O'Melvenys moved to Southern Illinois when Harvey was three years old, and he spent his youth in Waterloo, Illinois, where he attended school. Discipline was strict in the family, and Harvey once recalled that he was once "thrashed" for whistling on Sunday, the sabbath.

### Education

A "family tradition" held that O'Melveny attended McKendree College at Lebanon, Illinois. At the age of 20 he began to read law under the tutelage of James Shields and Governor William H. Bissell, and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1846.

### Marriage

In summer 1850, he married Anna Wilhelmina Rose, sister of the noted California pioneer and state senator, Leonard John Rose. Their children were Edward H., Henry William, Anna R. (Mrs. George Safford) and Adele (Mrs. Calvert Foy). In time, the entire family moved to Los Angeles.

### Death

O'Melveny was stricken with his final illness ("apoplexy") while he was walking on Spring Street on November 7, 1893; he was taken to the home of his son Henry, 1148 South Pearl (Figueroa) Street (corner of 12th Street), where he died on November 18. Funeral services were held in the Pearl Street home on November 20.

## Career

O'Melveny began his law practice in 1846 in Belleville, Illinois, and in 1849 he crossed the Great Plains on horseback to reach Sacramento, California, on August 4 of that year; he formed a law partnership with Murray Morrison, whom he had known in Kaskaskia, Illinois. In Sacramento he was appointed recorder of land titles for the Sonoma District by General Bennett Riley, the military governor. Ill health prompted O'Melveny to move to Benicia, and practiced before a Major Cooper, "judge of the first instance under the Mexican regime (corresponding nearly to our justice of the peace.)"

After his temporary return to Illinois and his marriage, he established a "lucrative law practice" and had "achieved sufficient prominence" to become a Circuit Court judge of five southern counties in 1857. He held that position until 1862. During that time he became acquainted with Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas. O'Melveny was a Democrat and a political follower of the senator, "whom he admired so much that he named his second daughter, Adele, after Douglas' wife." In winter 1862–63, he was put forward as a candidate to fill the Senate vacancy caused by Douglas's death, "but was defeated in the Democratic caucus for the nomination by two votes."

In 1869 the O'Melvenys moved to Los Angeles, where Harvey practiced law in partnership with Anson Brunson, and on December 4, 1871, he was elected to a one-year term on the Los Angeles Common Council and was promptly chosen as president. He was "connected" with ex-Mayor Henry T. Hazard—one source says as a law partner—and he was said to have taken "a vital part" in bringing the Southern Pacific Railroad to Los Angeles in 1876.

O'Melveny was elected a county judge in 1872, and in 1887 he was appointed to the Superior Court bench and served there "several years."

Access to the *Los Angeles Times* links may require the use of a library card.

## Further reading

* W.W. Robinson, *Lawyers of Los Angeles*, pages 6, 50, 52, 73, 301, 319, portrait between pages 78–79
* James DeLong, *Southern California*, pages 33–34, 37
* *Ingersoll's Century History of the Santa Monica Bay Cities*, page 146


title: Philipp Spener

abstract: Philipp Jakob Spener was a German Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what became known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, Pia desideria (1675) and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit (1680), were published while he was the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt. In 1691, he was invited to Berlin by the court of Brandenburg. In Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant Lutheran orthodoxy, as he had been all his life. Spener influenced the foundation of the University of Halle. Disputing his positions, the theological faculty of Wittenberg, formally accused him of 264 errors.

text:
# Philipp Spener

**Philipp Jakob Spener** (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what became known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, *Pia desideria* (1675) and *Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit* (1680), were published while he was the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt.

In 1691, he was invited to Berlin by the court of Brandenburg. In Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant Lutheran orthodoxy, as he had been all his life. Spener influenced the foundation of the University of Halle. Disputing his positions, the theological faculty of Wittenberg, formally accused him of 264 errors.

## Life

Spener was born in Rappoltsweiler, Upper Alsace, now part of France, in Spener's time as part of the Holy Roman Empire. After a brief time at the grammar school of Colmar, he went to Strasbourg in 1651. There he devoted himself to the study of philology, history and philosophy, and won his degree of master in 1653, with a disputation against the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He then became private tutor to the princes Christian and Charles of the Electorate of the Palatinate, and lectured in the university on philology and history. From 1659 to 1662 he visited the universities of Basel, Tübingen and Geneva, and commenced the study of heraldry, which he pursued throughout his life. In Geneva especially, his religious views and tendencies turned in the direction of mysticism.

Spener returned to Strasbourg in 1663, where he was appointed preacher without pastoral duties, with the right of holding lectures. Three years afterwards, he was invited to become the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt. Here he published his two chief works, *Pia desideria* (1675) and *Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit* (1680), and began that form of pastoral work which resulted in the movement called Pietism.

In 1686 he accepted the invitation to the first court chaplaincy at Dresden. The Elector John George III, at whose personal desire the post had been offered to him, was soon offended when Spener condemned the morals of John George's court. Spener refused to resign his post, and the Saxon government hesitated to dismiss him. In 1691 the Saxon representative at Berlin induced the court of Brandenburg to offer him the rectorship of St Nicholas in Berlin, with the title of counsellor of the Marcher Consistory (Konsistorialrat).

In Berlin, Spener was held in high honour, though the tendencies of the court and the government officials were rather rationalistic than pietistic. The University of Halle was founded under his influence in 1694. All his life, Spener had been exposed to the attacks and abuse of the orthodox Lutheran theologians. Over time, his opponents multiplied, and the movement which he started accumulated hostile criticism. In 1695 the theological faculty of Wittenberg formally accused him of 264 errors. Only his death released him from these fierce conflicts. His last important work was *Theologische Bedenken* (1700–1702), to which was added after his death *Letzte theologische Bedenken*, with a biography of Spener by CH von Canstein (1711). Spener died in Berlin.

## Theology

Highly influenced by Johann Arndt, Lewis Bayly, Jean de Labadie, and Theophil Großgebauer, Spener's own writings display an emphasis on personal transformation through spiritual rebirth and renewal. It is this focus on individual devotion and piety that places him within the realm of Pietism. Spener wanted to strengthen and renew the church through the development of more knowledgeable and devoted members.

In his *Pia Desideria*, he gave six proposals of how to enact this reform: (1) to more thoroughly acquaint believers with Scripture by means of private readings and study groups, in addition to preaching; (2) to increase the involvement of laity in all functions of the church; (3) to emphasize that believers put into practice their faith and knowledge of God; (4) to approach religious discussions with humility and love, avoiding controversy whenever possible; (5) to ensure that pastors are both well-educated and pious; and (6) to focus preaching on developing faith in ordinary believers. As these proposals indicate, Spener saw positive change for the church as being primarily dependent upon the pious involvement of individual believers.

Though Spener has been called the "father of Pietism," Albrecht Ritschl (*Geschichte des Pietismus*, ii. 163) maintains that "he was himself not a Pietist," as he did not advocate the quietistic, legalistic and semi-separatist practices of Pietism, though they were more or less involved in the positions he assumed or the practices which he encouraged or connived at. The only two points on which he departed from the orthodox Lutheran faith of his day were the requirement of regeneration as the *sine qua non* of the true theologian, and the expectation of the conversion of the Jews and the fall of the Papacy as the prelude of the triumph of the Church.

He did not, like the later Pietists, insist upon the necessity of a conscious crisis of conversion, nor did he encourage a complete breach between the Christian and the secular life. Spener was sometimes believed to be one of the godfathers of Count von Zinzendorf, the leader of the Moravian Brethren's Community at Herrnhut in Saxony. Although Zinzendorf met Spener as a child at his grandmother's home in Hennersdorf, Spener was not his godfather.

Spener was a prolific writer. The list of his published works comprises 7 vols. folio, 63 quarto, 7 octavo, 46 duodecimo. An edition of his chief writings was published by P. Grunberg in 1889. TVG Brunnen Verlag in Gießen, Germany began a new edition of Spener's works in 1996.

## Further reading

* (de) Johannes Wallmann: Philipp Jakob Spener und die Anfänge des Pietismus, Tübingen 1970 (2. Aufl. 1986).
* (de) Reinhard Breymayer, « Der Vater des deutschen Pietismus und seine Bücher. Zur Privatbibliothek Philipp Jakob Speners », in: Bibliothecae selectae da Cusano a Leopardi, a cura di Eugenio Canone, Firenze, Leo S. Olschki Editore, 1993, p. 299–331 (Lessico Intellettuale Europeo, 58).
* (en) Werner Raupp: Art. Spener, Philipp Jacob (1635–1705), in: Heiner F. Klemme / Manfred Kuehn (General Editors), The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers, Vol. 3, London/New York 2010, p. 1106–1110.

## InfoBox

| Philipp Spener | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Philipp Jakob Spener
(1635-01-30)30 January 1635
Rappoltsweiler, Upper Alsace, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 5 February 1705(1705-02-05) (aged 70)
Berlin, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Holy Roman Empire |
| Education | University of Strasbourg |
| Occupations |  |
| Movement | Pietism |


title: Wayne Pinnock

abstract: Wayne Pinnock is a Jamaican long jumper. He won silver medals at the 2024 Summer Olympics and 2023 World Championships.

text:
# Wayne Pinnock

**Wayne Pinnock** (born 24 October 2000) is a Jamaican long jumper. He won silver medals at the 2024 Summer Olympics and 2023 World Championships.

## Career

Pinnock won the collegiate long jump double in 2022, winning the NCAA Indoor and NCAA Outdoor titles. That year, he made his senior major championship debut at the 2022 World Championships in Eugene, Oregon, placing ninth overall.

With his first jump at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest in August 2023, Pinnock achieved a new personal best distance of 8.54 metres, and it was enough for him to win the silver medal at the event.

He won the long jump NCAA Indoor Championships in March 2024 in Boston, Massachusetts. With his effort of 8.40 metres, he equalled the Jamaican indoor record, matching the mark achieved previously by James Beckford and Carey McLeod. He won the long jump at the SEC Championship in Gainesville, Florida on 10 May 2024.

In June 2024, he placed second at the Jamaican Athletics Championships long jump with a leap of 8.27 metres. Selected as part of the Jamaican team for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, he won the silver medal with a jump of 8.36 metres.

## InfoBox

Wayne Pinnock
| Wayne Pinnock in 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (2000-10-24) 24 October 2000
Kingston, Jamaica |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Track and Field |
| Event | Long Jump |
| College team | Arkansas Razorbacks |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal bests |  |
| Medal record      Men's athletics  Representing  Jamaica  Olympic Games  2024 Paris Long jump  World Championships  2023 Budapest Long jump  World U20 Championships  2018 Tampere  Long jump  Pan American U20 Championships  2019 San José Long jump  NACAC U23 Championships  2019 Queretaro Long jump  Carifta Games
Junior (U20)  2018 Nassau  Long jump  2019 George Town  Long jump | |


title: Weihergraben (Zipser Mühlbach)

abstract: Weihergraben is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Zipser Mühlbach in Zips.

text:
# Weihergraben (Zipser Mühlbach)

**Weihergraben** is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Zipser Mühlbach in Zips.

## InfoBox

| Weihergraben | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Zipser Mühlbach |
| coordinates | 49°47′01″N 11°34′18″E / 49.7835°N 11.5718°E / 49.7835; 11.5718 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Zipser MühlbachFichtenohePegnitzRegnitzMainRhineNorth Sea |


title: Mordellistena minuta

abstract: Mordellistena minuta is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1882.

text:
# Mordellistena minuta

***Mordellistena minuta*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1882.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena minuta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. minuta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena minuta***<br>Smith, 1882 | |
|


title: Ghaith bin Moubarak Al-Kuwari

abstract: Ghaith bin Moubarak Al-Kuwari is a Qatari Muslim Scholar And Minister of Endowments (Awqaf) and Islamic Affairs in Qatar.

text:
# Ghaith bin Moubarak Al-Kuwari

**Ghaith bin Moubarak Al-Kuwari** ( Arabic غيث بن مبارك الكواري ) (born 1969 in Doha, Qatar) is a Qatari Muslim Scholar And Minister of Endowments (Awqaf) and Islamic Affairs in Qatar.

## Biography

Ghaith was born in Doha, Qatar and has a Bachelor's degree in Islamic Sharia from Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University in the United Arab Emirates.

Al-Kuwari received a master’s degree in Islamic sciences from Dar Al-Hadith Al-Hassania, and a doctorate in Islamic studies from Ibn Tofail University in Morocco.

## Career

In 2008, Al-Kuwari was appointed Director of Planning and Follow Up at the Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs.

Between 2006 and 2008, he was Director of the Dawa Department of the Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs.

In 2016, he received the Order of the Two Niles.

1. ".:: وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية - دولة قطر ::". *www.islam.gov.qa*. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
2. "وزير الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية". *مكتب الاتصال الحكومي* (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
3. "صفحة الشيخ د.غيث بن مبارك الكواري". *Islamweb إسلام ويب* (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
4. Şafak, Yeni. "غورماز: دعم تركيا وقطر المظلومين يثلج صدر البشرية جمعاء". *Yeni Şafak* (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
5. "Ministre des donations (Waqf) et des affaires islamiques". *Government Communications Office* (in French). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
6. "Minister of Endowments (Awqaf) and Islamic Affairs". *Government Communications Office*. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
7. "الدكتور غيث بن مبارك الكواري". *الشرق الأوسط* (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-05-17.
8. "الميزان | البوابة القانونية القطرية |". *www.almeezan.qa*. Archived from the original on 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
9. "Bashir honours Qatari minister with Order of the Two Niles". *Qatar Tribune*. 2016-05-11. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
10. QNA/Khartoum (2016-05-10). "Sudan honours Qatar's minister with top award". *Gulf Times*. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-13.


title: Langdon (Washington, D.C.)

abstract: Langdon, is a neighborhood located in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington, D.C. Historical surveys of D.C. recognize Langdon as a neighborhood dating back to at least 1903. Langdon is bounded by Montana Ave. NE to the west/southwest, New York Ave. NE to the south, Bladensburg Rd. NE to the southeast, South Dakota Ave. NE to the northeast, and Rhode Island Ave. NE to the north/northwest. Langdon is adjacent to the Northeast D.C. neighborhoods of Brentwood (west), Woodridge (east), Fort Lincoln (southeast), Gateway (south), and Brookland (north).

text:
# Langdon (Washington, D.C.)

**Langdon,** is a neighborhood located in Ward 5 of Northeast Washington, D.C. Historical surveys of D.C. recognize Langdon as a neighborhood dating back to at least 1903. Langdon is bounded by Montana Ave. NE to the west/southwest, New York Ave. NE to the south, Bladensburg Rd. NE to the southeast, South Dakota Ave. NE to the northeast, and Rhode Island Ave. NE to the north/northwest. Langdon is adjacent to the Northeast D.C. neighborhoods of Brentwood (west), Woodridge (east), Fort Lincoln (southeast), Gateway (south), and Brookland (north).

## History

Starting in 1632, the land comprising present-day Langdon was part of the Maryland colony, The non-county land was incorporated into Prince George's County with its creation in 1695. The land became part of Washington County, D.C. with its creation in 1801. A topographical survey map from 1793 shows the Old Bladensburg Rd. (present-day Brentwood Rd. NE, a few fragments of which still dot the present-day grid just north of Rhode Island Ave. NE), running right by the land that would become the neighborhood. Washington County was integrated into the City of Washington in 1871.

In the early 1850s, much of the land that would become Langdon was purchased by a bronze sculptor named Clark Mills. Mills operated a foundry where a WMATA bus depot now stands (as of 2015). Mills Rd. NE was the original path leading up to this foundry. Maps from the late 1800s suggest a B&O Railroad station ("Mills Station") served the foundry and Mills' land.

The area served as the site of multiple reinforcements during the American Civil War (1861-1865), when a ring of forts, batteries, and trenches was built in the District of Columbia's periphery. Many of these fortifications were still intact as of the 1887 survey of D.C., but have since disappeared with little trace.

Many of the houses that today stand in the neighborhood were built starting with the extension of Rhode Island Ave. NE up from Boundary Rd. (now Florida Ave.) to Eastern Ave., and the building of the streetcar thereon, starting around 1890. The area was served by the Rhode Island Ave. streetcar until its dismantling in 1962.

Before being deemed unenforceable in the 1948 Supreme Court decision, Shelley v. Kraemer, many neighborhood homes were subject to restrictive covenants barring ownership by non-whites. At some point during the process of white flight in the 1960s, the neighborhood became majority black.

Since at least 1938, the neighborhood has been home to a large municipal park. Langdon Park's public swimming pool was chosen as the first place that Mayor Williams started the tradition of launching "DC's Summer Fun" by cannonball diving into a chosen pool. As recently as 2013, Langdon Park featured a small amphitheater, which featured performances of go-go bands.

## Present day

In 2014, a section of Langdon Park was renamed the Chuck Brown Memorial Park and redesigned as a memorial for go-go artist Chuck Brown. The plans initially included an improved amphitheater, to continue serving as a go-go performance venue, but neighborhood residents protested and eventually got the amphitheater removed from the plans. This resulted in the complete removal of the pre-existing go-go performance space. Nevertheless, there is an annual free go-go concert celebration on Chuck Brown's birthday, officially known as Chuck Brown Day.

The historically industrial south end of the neighborhood presently houses the large rock/electronic music venue Echostage as well as several nightclubs and a waste management facility. Capital Subdivision tracks separate the industrial sections of the neighborhood from the more residential ones.

Woodridge Library, a newly rebuilt municipal library branch, was constructed at the corner of 18th St. and Hamlin St. NE, and opened in September 2016.

In terms of transportation, residents of Langdon have access to the Rhode Island Avenue Metro station as well as access to Metrobus routes that serve the Rhode Island Avenue NE (Route 1) Corridor and Bladensburg Road NE Corridor.

## InfoBox

| Langdon | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | |
| Langdon within the District of Columbia | |
| Coordinates: 38°55′22″N 76°58′26″W / 38.9228°N 76.9739°W / 38.9228; -76.9739 | |
| Country | United States |
| District | Washington, D.C. |
| Ward | Ward 5 |
| Government | |
| Councilmember | Zachary Parker |


title: Mavis Biesanz

abstract: Mavis Hiltunen Biesanz was a Finnish-American writer and sociologist. Many of her books were about Central American countries, particularly Costa Rica. She lived in Costa Rica from 1971 until her death in 2008.

text:
# Mavis Biesanz

**Mavis Hiltunen Biesanz** (July 27, 1919 Vermilion Lake Township, Minnesota – February 21, 2008 Escazú, Costa Rica) was a Finnish-American writer and sociologist. Many of her books were about Central American countries, particularly Costa Rica. She lived in Costa Rica from 1971 until her death in 2008.

## Life

Mavis Biesanz grew up in northern Minnesota. She graduated from Iowa State University in the summer of 1940, summa cum laude grade and Phi Beta Kappa honors. She financed her studies by waiting tables, scrubbing floors, babysitting, and washing dishes. On graduation, she married John Biesanz (1913–1995), with whom she lived until John's death. John was a sociology and anthropology professor, who taught sociology during his career, including at Tulane, Pittsburgh, and Wayne State University. Biesanz made a career as a writer. In addition, she has worked as an English teacher. She wrote two widely used sociology textbooks with her husband, *Modern Society: An Introduction to Social Sciences* and *Introduction to Social Sciences* Five others were written about Costa Rican and Panamanian sociology. They had two sons, Richard and Barry, and a daughter, Katja.

## Publications

### Books

* John & Mavis Biesanz: Costa Rican Life (La Vida en Costa Rica). Libreria Lehmann, San José, Costa Rica, 1944.
* John & Mavis Biesanz: Modern Society. Prentice-Hall, 1954, 1959, 1964.
* John & Mavis Biesanz: People of Panama. Columbia University Press, 1955.
* Las Amigas Norteamericanas del Paraguay (The North American Friends of Paraguay): Land of Lace and Legend: An Informal Guide to Paraguay. (Mrs. John Biesanz, editor in chief, Mrs. Povenmire Dale, President.) La Colmena, SA, Asunción, 1965.
* John & Mavis Biesanz: Introduction to Sociology. Prentice-Hall, 1969, 1973.
* Richard Biesanz, Karen Zubris Biesanz & Mavis Hiltunen Biesanz: The Costa Ricans. Waveland Press, 1988.
* Mavis Hiltunen Biesanz: Helmi Mavis, a Finnish American Girlhood. North Star Press of St. Cloud, 1989.
* Mavis Hiltunen Biesanz, Richard & Karen Biesanz Zubris Biesanz: The Ticos: Culture and Social Change in Costa Rica. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998.
* Mavis Biesanz: Un año con Carmen: Cuentos y poemas. A Year with Carmen: Stories and poems. EUNED, Costa Rica, 2007.

### Scholarly articles

* John & Mavis Biesanz (1941): Social Distance in the Youth Hostel Movement. Sociology and Social Research, XXV, January–February, pp. 237–245.
* John & Mavis Biesanz (1941): The School and the Youth Hostel. Journal of Educational Sociology, Vol 15, No. 1, pp. 55–60.
* John & Mavis Biesanz (1943): Mate Selection Standards of the Costa Rican Students. Social Forces, Vol 22, No. 2, pp. 194–199.

### Newspaper reprints

* The Tico Times, (1981) "Why are Ticos So Different?" Author Mavis Biesanz describes the character and history of a unique people. A Tico Times Publication. 20 pp. Reprint of 10 articles in The Tico Times, 1981. Tico Times, Apartado 4632, San José, Costa Rica

## InfoBox

| Helmi Mavis Biesanz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1919-07-27)July 27, 1919
Vermilion Lake Township, Minnesota, United States |
| Died | February 21, 2008(2008-02-21) (aged 88)
Escazú, San José, Costa Rica |
| Citizenship | U.S.A. and Costa Rica (dual citizen) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Sociologist and non-fiction writer |
|  | |


title: H. K. Sema

abstract: H. K. Sema is an Indian jurist and former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He has also served as the chairperson of Uttar Pradesh Human Rights Commission.

text:
# H. K. Sema

**H. K. Sema** (born 1 June 1943) is an Indian jurist and former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He has also served as the chairperson of Uttar Pradesh Human Rights Commission.

## Early life

Sema was born on 1 June 1943. He completed his graduation from St Joseph's College, Darjeeling in 1967 and a Bachelor of Laws from Government Law College, Mumbai in 1970.

## Posts held

* Junior Government Advocate, Nagaland in 1971-1975.
* Assistant Advocate General, Nagaland from 16 November 1985.
* Judge of Guwahati High Court, Kohima Bench, 1992-2001
* Judge of High Court of Jammu and Kashmir, 7 June 2001. Appointed Chief Justice of High Court of Jammu and Kashmir on 12 September 2001.
* Appointed as Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court on 25 January 2000.
* Elevated as Judge of the Supreme Court of India, 2002 to 2008.
* Chairperson of Uttar Pradesh Human Rights Commission.

## InfoBox

| H. K. Sema | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Judge of the Supreme Court of India | |
| **In office**
2002–2008 | |
| Judge of the Gauhati High Court, Kohima Bench | |
| **In office**
1992–2001 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1943-06-01) 1 June 1943
Nagaland, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | St Joseph's College, Darjeeling (1967)
Government Law College, Mumbai (1970) |
|  | |


title: Philipp Spitta

abstract: Julius August Philipp Spitta was a German music historian and musicologist best known for his 1873 biography of Johann Sebastian Bach.

text:
# Philipp Spitta

**Julius August Philipp Spitta** (27 December 1841 – 13 April 1894) was a German music historian and musicologist best known for his 1873 biography of Johann Sebastian Bach.

## Life

He was born in Wechold, near Hoya, and his father, also called Philipp Spitta, was a theologian and wrote the Protestant collection of hymns entitled *Psalter und Harfe*. As a child, the younger Spitta learnt the piano, pipe organ, and musical composition. He studied theology and classical philology at the University of Göttingen from 1860, graduating in 1864 with a Ph.D. for a dissertation on Tacitus (*Der Satzbau bei Tacitus*, 1866). While at university, he composed, wrote a biography of Robert Schumann, and became friends with Johannes Brahms. He became a teacher of Ancient Greek and Latin language in, successively, Reval, Sondershausen, and Leipzig, while pursuing his interest in and lecturing on music history in general and Johann Sebastian Bach in particular.

His Bach study began to be published in 1873, and was followed by an appointment as professor of music history at the University of Berlin in 1875, and a further appointment as administrative director of the Berlin Hochschule für Musik, at which posts he remained for the rest of his life. The students he taught include Oskar Fleischer, Max Friedlaender, Carl Krebs, Max Seiffert, Agnes Tschetschulin, Emil Vogel, Peter Wagner, Johannes Wolf, and Arthur Prüfer. He founded one of the first scholarly music periodicals, the *Vierteljahrsschrift für Musikwissenschaft*, with Friedrich Chrysander and Guido Adler in 1885, and also had an important role in the publication of the *Denkmäler deutscher Tonkunst*.

## Work

He left a strong influence on the new fields of historical criticism and musicology; his work spanned periods of music history from the early Middle Ages to his own time, and embraced research, teaching, writing, and editing of musical editions to a very rigorous degree, including the use of source-critical studies. He was influenced by neo-Kantian philosophy. In his Bach biography, he wrote the first major study of German choral and keyboard music of the 17th century (early baroque).

### Books

Most of his papers are divided between the library of the Berlin Hochschule für Musik, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, and the library of the University of Łódź. He contributed many scholarly articles to periodicals, and wrote articles on Schumann, Spontini, and Weber for *Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians* in 1886.

* *Ein Lebensbild Robert Schumanns* (Leipzig, 1862)
* *Johann Sebastian Bach* (Leipzig, 1873–1880, 1962; English translation: *Johann Sebastian Bach. His Work and Influence on the Music of Germany, 1685 – 1750* (Clara Bell and J. A. Fuller-Maitland, transl.), 1884–1885, 1899)
* *Musikalische Werke Friedrichs des Grossen* (Leipzig, 1889)
* *Zur Musik* (Berlin, 1892) – 16 essays
* *Musikgeschichtliche Aufsätze* (Berlin, 1894) – collected essays

### Editions

## Sources

## Further reading

* U. Schilling: *Philipp Spitta: Leben und Wirken im Spiegel seiner Briefwechsel* (Kassel, 1994) - contains a complete bibliography of Spitta's writings
* H. Riemann: *Philipp Spitta und seine Bach-Biographie* (Berlin, 1900)
* Johannes Brahms: *Briefwechsel* XVI (Berlin, 1920) - contains Brahms-Spitta correspondence
* W. Sandberger: *Das Bach-Bild Philipp Spittas: ein Beiträg zur Geschichte der Bach-Rezeption im 19. Jahrhundert* (Stuttgart, 1997)
* "Spitta, Julius August Philipp". *Encyclopedia Americana*. 1920.


title: Nash Roberts

abstract: Nash Charles Roberts Jr. was a New Orleans, Louisiana-based meteorologist widely known for the accuracy of his hurricane forecasts.

text:
# Nash Roberts

**Nash Charles Roberts Jr.** (April 13, 1918 – December 18, 2010) was a New Orleans, Louisiana-based meteorologist widely known for the accuracy of his hurricane forecasts.

## Career

He began his career in weather as an officer of the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for Admiral Chester Nimitz in the Pacific. Roberts was on the first plane to enter the eye of a tropical system near the Philippines. This method is still used today by the "Hurricane Hunters" of the Air Force based at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi, Mississippi, to measure and record internal conditions in hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean to help predict their development and path.

After leaving the navy in 1946, Roberts opened a meteorological consulting business in downtown New Orleans, catering to oil companies, drilling firms and other businesses whose operations depended on weather conditions. He told WWL-TV anchor Angela Hill he had never envisioned working in television and refused offers to do so until a local advertising executive offered to finance his visiting Chicago to observe the weathercaster of that city's NBC affiliate station at work. After seeing this, Roberts reasoned he could do the job and accepted an offer to begin TV work on a consultant basis. Throughout his career at several New Orleans stations, he insisted on never being a direct employee of any station but a contractor, to preserve his independence in forecasting, and worked out of his own company's office rather than on station premises when not on camera.

On October 1, 1951, he began broadcasting on WDSU-TV. Roberts was the first full-time weathercaster in the Deep South and one of the first to use radar on television weather broadcasts.

Roberts continued as a local forecaster on New Orleans television and radio. His calm guidance during these storms made him legendary to people throughout southeast Louisiana. He was the only local forecaster to accurately predict the paths of Hurricane Betsy in 1965, which hit the New Orleans area directly, and Hurricane Camille in 1969, a storm that devastated coastal Mississippi.

After departing WDSU in November 1973, he moved to then-new Newscene 8 at WVUE-TV in January 1974 for 4 years, then to Eyewitness News at WWL-TV on March 20, 1978. As he aged, he gradually cut back his schedule, giving most of the day-to-day weathercasting chores to younger meteorologists Al Duckworth, who had been at WWL since becoming its first chief meteorologist in July 1968, and Dave Barnes.

In later years, Roberts was the favorite forecaster in the area, especially among older viewers, to the point where competitors good-naturedly referred to him as "the Weather God". After his retirement, he would be brought back as a special consultant when hurricanes threatened in the Gulf. By the late 1980s he seemed to many like a figure from an earlier era, as he eschewed computer graphics and other modern special effects in favor of a simple black marker and paper map. Nash retired from the Eyewitness News anchor desk in February 1984, but would come back during storms to help calm and educate the locals during hurricane season, sometimes to the visible resentment of the station's younger weathermen, especially when Nash's experience, intuition, and pen and paper yielded more accurate predictions than their computer models. He accurately predicted the path of Hurricane Georges in 1998, while all the full-time on-air meteorologists of the area, namely Bob Breck of WVUE and Dan Milham of WDSU, predicted an incorrect track.

Roberts finally retired from even his special hurricane appearances in July 2001 (in part to help take care of his wife of over 60 years, Lydia), and that same year donated his papers to Loyola University, New Orleans.

He was fully retired, and had not been seen on TV in several years by 2006. Roberts and his wife evacuated in advance of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the first time he had left town for a hurricane. Roberts figures prominently in a 2006 book about Hurricane Camille, *Roar of the Heavens*, by Stefan Bechtel.

## Personal life

Lydia and Nash Roberts had two sons, four grandchildren and six great grandchildren. Lydia Roberts died in June 2007.

## Death

Nash died on December 18, 2010, after a lengthy illness at 92.

## InfoBox

| Nash Roberts | |
| --- | --- |
| 1960s WDSU logo featuring Nash Roberts | |
| Born | Nash Charles Roberts Jr.
(1918-04-13)April 13, 1918
New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Died | December 18, 2010(2010-12-18) (aged 92) |
| Occupation | Meteorologist |
| Known for | Accuracy of hurricane forecasts |


title: Weihnachten mit den Flippers

abstract: Weihnachten mit den Flippers is a Christmas album released by German Schlager group Die Flippers. The album features fourteen traditional German Christmas songs. It was certified Gold in 1988.

text:
# Weihnachten mit den Flippers

***Weihnachten mit den Flippers*** (*Christmas With the Flippers*) is a Christmas album released by German Schlager group Die Flippers. The album features fourteen traditional German Christmas songs. It was certified Gold in 1988.

## Track listing

1. "Oh du fröhliche"
2. "Alle Jahre wieder"
3. "Vom Himmel hoch da komm ich her"
4. "Kommet, ihr Hirten"
5. "Kling, Glöckchen, kling"
6. "Süßer die Glocken nie klingen"
7. "O Tannenbaum"
8. "Stille Nacht"
9. "Es ist ein Ros entsprungen"
10. "Morgen, Kinder wird's was geben"
11. "Schlittenfart" (Jingle Bell's)
12. "Aba Heidschi Bumbeidschi"
13. "Am Weinachtsbaum die Lichter brennen"
14. "Leise rieselt der Schnee"

## InfoBox

| Weihnachten mit den Flippers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Die Flippers | |
| Released | 1987 |
| Genre | Schlager |
| Label | Bellaphon |
| Die Flippers chronology | |
| *Träume, Liebe, Sehnsucht - Ihre größten Erfolge*
(1987) ***Weihnachten mit den Flippers***
(1987) *Nur für dich*
(1988) | |


title: Mordellistena minutissimus

abstract: Mordellistena minutissimus is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1891.

text:
# Mordellistena minutissimus

***Mordellistena minutissimus*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1891.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena minutissimus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. minutissimus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena minutissimus***<br>Costa, 1891 | |
|


title: Indobanalia

abstract: Indobanalia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. The only species is Indobanalia thyrsiflora. Its native range is India.

text:
# Indobanalia

***Indobanalia*** is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. The only species is ***Indobanalia thyrsiflora***.

Its native range is India.

## InfoBox

| *Indobanalia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Amaranthaceae |
| Genus: | *Indobanalia*
A.N.Henry & B.Roy (1969) |
| Species: | ***I. thyrsiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Indobanalia thyrsiflora***
(Moq.) A.N.Henry & B.Roy (1969) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Banalia* Moq. (1849), nom. illeg. * *Banalia thyrsiflora* Moq. (1849) * *Achyranthes polygonata* B.Heyne ex Wall. (1832), not validly publ. * *Achyranthes thyrsiflora* B.Heyne ex Wall. (1832), not validly publ. * *Celosia missionis* Wall. (1832), nom. nud. * *Celosia thyrsiflora* Wall. (1832), not validly publ. | |


title: Ghaiyyath

abstract: Ghaiyyath is an Irish-bred British-trained champion Thoroughbred racehorse who was the 2020 European Horse of the Year after winning the Juddmonte International Stakes, Eclipse Stakes, Coronation Cup, and Dubai Millennium Stakes. He showed very promising form as a juvenile in 2017 when he won two of his three races including the Autumn Stakes. Training problems restricted him to only one start in 2018, a victory in the Prix du Prince d'Orange. In the spring of 2019 he won the Prix d'Harcourt and ran third in the Prix Ganay before returning in autumn to win the Grosser Preis von Baden by fourteen lengths. In 2020 he added victories in the Dubai Millennium Stakes, Coronation Cup, Eclipse Stakes and International Stakes.

text:
# Ghaiyyath

**Ghaiyyath** (foaled 19 April 2015) is an Irish-bred British-trained champion Thoroughbred racehorse who was the 2020 European Horse of the Year after winning the Juddmonte International Stakes, Eclipse Stakes, Coronation Cup, and Dubai Millennium Stakes.

He showed very promising form as a juvenile in 2017 when he won two of his three races including the Autumn Stakes. Training problems restricted him to only one start in 2018, a victory in the Prix du Prince d'Orange. In the spring of 2019 he won the Prix d'Harcourt and ran third in the Prix Ganay before returning in autumn to win the Grosser Preis von Baden by fourteen lengths. In 2020 he added victories in the Dubai Millennium Stakes, Coronation Cup, Eclipse Stakes and International Stakes.

## Background

Ghaiyyath is a bay horse with a white star and a white sock on his left hind leg bred in Ireland by the County Kildare-based Springbank Way Stud. As a foal in November 2015 he was offered for sale at Goffs and was bought for €1,100,000 by John Ferguson on behalf of Godolphin. The colt was sent into training with Charlie Appleby at Godolphin's British base at Newmarket, Suffolk.

He was sired by Dubawi, whose wins included the Irish 2,000 Guineas and the Prix Jacques Le Marois. At stud, Dubawi has been a highly-successful breeding stallion, siring major winners such as Monterosso, Al Kazeem, Makfi, Lucky Nine and Night of Thunder. Ghaiyyath's dam Nightime was a top-class performer who won the Irish 1,000 Guineas in 2008 and went on to produce several other winners including the Man o' War Stakes winner Zhukova. Nightime's dam Caumshinaun, who produced seven other winners, was a successful racemare who won five races including the Listed Platinum Stakes in 2001. She was a distant descendant of the British broodmare Springtime (foaled 1932), the ancestor of numerous major winners including Blakeney, Morston and Classic Cliche.

## Racing career

### 2017: two-year-old season

Ghaiyyath made his racecourse debut on 15 September in a maiden race over one mile at Doncaster Racecourse in which he started the 6/5 favourite but finished third behind Blue Laureate and Sha La La La Lee. Thirteen days later the colt was equipped with a hood when he went off favourite for a similar event at Newmarket Racecourse. Ridden as on his debut by James Doyle he led from the start and went clear in the last quarter mile to win "easily" by five lengths. William Buick took the ride when the colt was stepped up in class to contest the Group 3 Autumn Stakes over one mile at Newmarket on 14 October and started the 11/4 second favourite behind the John Gosden-trained Bear Slam. After racing in mid-division he struggled to obtain a clear run in the last quarter mile but broke through to take the lead in the closing stages and won by one and three quarter lengths from Dream Today with two and a half lengths back to Bear Slam in third. Buick commented "He bunny-hopped out of the stalls and I wanted to be closer than what I was but they went a nice gallop and he travelled sweet throughout and won well in the end.He gave me a nice feel. He's a big horse who is going to be better next year."

### 2018: three-year-old season

In early 2018 Ghaiyyath was considered a serious contender for the Epsom Derby, but after sustaining a training injury when being prepared for a run in the Dante Stakes he was off the track until the autumn of 2018. On 22 September he made his return in the Prix du Prince d'Orange over 2000 metres at Longchamp Racecourse and started the 1.9/1 favourite in a seven-runner field. With Buick in the saddle he raced in second place behind his pacemaking stablemate Stage Magic before going to the front 300 metres from the finish and pulling clear to win by three lengths from Sacred Life.

### 2019: four-year-old season

Ghaiyyath spent the winter of 2018/19 at Godolphin's base in Dubai. On 7 April, he began his third campaign in the Group 3 Prix d'Harcourt over 2000 metres at Longchamp and started the 7/10 favourite against four opponents headed by the Prix Jean Prat winner Intellogent. He took the lead from the start and opened up a big advantage over his rivals before being eased down in the closing stages to win by one and a half lengths from Soleil Marin. Appleby commented "I am delighted with that performance – he is a horse with a future... Ghaiyyath is a very strong galloper. If something could go faster than him, then we would let them go on, but nothing can give him a lead because he is such a strong traveller". Three weeks later at the same track the colt was moved up to Group 1 level for the first time and started the 1/2 favourite for the Prix Ganay over 2100 metres and sustained his first defeat in over eighteen months as he came home third behind Waldgeist and Study of Man.

After four months off the track Ghaiyyath made his comeback in Germany on 1 September when he started 2.3/1 second favourite for the Group 1 Grosser Preis von Baden over 2400 metres. The three-year-old colt Laccario headed the betting after winning the Deutsches Derby while the other seven runners included Communique (Princess of Wales's Stakes), Ashrun (Prix de Reux), Accon (Frühjahrs Dreijährigen-Preis) and Donjah (Herzog von Ratibor-Rennen). Ghaiyyath led from the start and extended his lead in the straight to finish fourteen lengths clear of Donjah in second, despite being eased down by Buick in the final strides. After the race Buick said "He's a monster, an absolute monster. Let's hope that he'll be around for a while. He's an amazing horse".

On 6 October Ghaiyyath started 13/1 fourth favourite for the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe over 2400 metres on very soft ground at Longchamp. He led the race until 500 metres from the finish but then tired and dropped back rapidly to come home tenth of the twelve runners, more than thirty lengths behind the winner Waldgeist.

In the 2019 World's Best Racehorse Rankings Ghaiyyath was given a rating of 126, making him the 5th best racehorse in the world.

### 2020: five-year-old season

#### Spring

As in the previous season Ghaiyyath spent the winter of 2019/20 in Dubai and began his campaign on 20 February when he started 4/9 favourite for the Group 3 Dubai Millennium Stakes (a race named after his grandsire) over 2000 metres at Meydan Racecourse, with the best of his six opponents looking to be Spotify (winner of the race in 2019) and Desert Encounter (Canadian International Stakes). Ghaiyyath led from the start and won "easily" by eight and a half lengths in a track record time of 2:00.33. Appleby commented I'm delighted. We've all seen what this horse can do, especially coming up his first start, there... The plan was to just let him float into the race from his outside post and once he was on the lead, we would let him roll along. We've seen on numerous occasions what he can do when he's left to his own devices like that." Ghaiyyath was scheduled to contest the Dubai Sheema Classic on Dubai World Cup Night in March but the meeting was abandoned owing to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

#### Summer

The flat racing season in Europe was rearranged in response to the COVID outbreak and the Group 1 Hurworth Bloodstock Coronation Cup was run over one and a half miles at Newmarket (rather than Epsom) on 5 June. With Buick in the saddle Ghaiyyath started the 11/10 favourite in a seven runner field which also included Stradivarius, Anthony Van Dyck, Defoe and Desert Encounter. Ghaiyyath went to the front from the start, opened up a clear advantage by half way and was never seriously challenged, coming home two and a half lengths clear of Anthony Van Dyck. The winning time of 2:25.89 was a new course record. Appleby commented "He was on it from flagfall but I could see he was in a rhythm we'd seen before. His mid-race move just kills them and it's great for him to get his first British Group 1 win. We had a lot of confidence that we had him in a condition that we haven't seen before. His strength is there and the way he was finishing off his gallops suggested he was the finished article."

On 5 July at Sandown Park Ghaiyyath was dropped back in distance and started 9/4 second favourite behind Enable for the ten furlong Eclipse Stakes. The other five contenders were Japan, Deirdre, Magic Wand (Mackinnon Stakes), Regal Reality (Brigadier Gerard Stakes) and Bangkok. Ghaiyyath led from the start as usual, accelerated three furlongs out and won "comfortably" by two and a quarter lengths and a head from Enable and Japan. After the race William Buick said "He's got a huge cruising speed and he knows how to use it. He's a joy to ride and a very, very good horse. As a five-year-old he's mature physically and mentally... I think a mile and a quarter will be his optimum trip... Sometimes when you ride him over a mile and a half you're always worried the last furlong is going to be a long one, but he keeps going." Shortly after the race Ghaiyyath was rated the best horse in the world in the interim edition of the World Rankings.

Ghaiyyath returned for the International Stakes over ten and a half furlongs at York Racecourse on 15 August and went off the 11/8 favourite against four opponents namely Magical, Lord North, Kameko and Rose of Kildare (Musidora Stakes). He established a clear lead soon after the start and was never seriously challenged, winning by three lengths from Magical despite being eased down in the closing stages. Buick commented "He has this amazing high cruising speed, but I thought what was evident today was the kick he had a furlong and a half out. He completely put the race to bed, finished it off, and stamped his authority. He can do things that other horses don't do. He gives you confidence. His comfort zone is different to other horses... He's the best I've ridden, without a doubt".

#### Autumn

On 12 September at Leopardstown Racecourse Ghaiyyath went off the 8/13 favourite for the Irish Champion Stakes over ten furlongs. He led from the start as usual but was overtaken by Magical a furlong from the finish and beaten three quarters of a length into second place. Buick offered no excuses and said that the horse "was in the same rhythm as usual."

Ghaiyyath was aiming for the 2020 Breeders' Cup, but in preparation for the race, after a piece of routine work, he showed signs of soreness behind. After veterinary investigation, the decision to retire him was announced on 19 October. Appleby commented "Ghaiyyath has had a fantastic career... His high-class cruising speed and relentless style of galloping was a joy to watch and as I have said before, this year he came together both physically and mentally and looked the finished article. It is obviously disappointing not to be taking him to the Breeders' Cup but the exertions of a long season, which started in Dubai in January, were starting to show."

On 19 November Ghaiyyath was named Horse of the Year and Champion Older Horse at the Cartier Racing Awards. In the 2020 World's Best Racehorse Rankings, Ghaiyyath was rated the best racehorse in the world, four pounds clear of the American colt Authentic. Timeform rated him at a 133, making Ghiayyath the highest rated horse in Europe and the world.

## Stud career

Ghaiyyath was retired from racing to stand as a breeding stallion at Kildangan Stud in 2021 at a fee of €30,000. He also shuttled to Australia for their breeding season where he stands at Northwood Park in Victoria at a fee of AUD 27,500.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Ghaiyyath (GB), bay horse, 2015
| Sire
Dubawi (IRE)
2002 | Dubai Millennium (GB)
1996 | Seeking the Gold (USA) | Mr. Prospector |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Con Game |
| | Colorado Dancer (IRE) | Shareef Dancer (USA) |
| | Fall Aspen (USA) |
| | Zomaradah (GB)
1995 | Deploy | Shirley Heights |
| | | Slightly Dangerous (USA) |
| | Jawaher (IRE) | Dancing Brave (USA) |
| | High Tern |
| Dam
Nightime (IRE)
2003 | Galileo (IRE)
1998 | Sadler's Wells (USA) | Northern Dancer (CAN) |
| | | Fairy Bridge |
| | Urban Sea (USA) | Miswaki |
| | Allegretta (GB) |
| | Caumshinaun (IRE)
1997 | Indian Ridge | Ahonoora (GB) |
| | | Hillbrow (GB) |
| | Ridge Pool | Bluebird (USA) |
| | Casting Couch (GB) (Family: 20-c) |

## InfoBox

| Ghaiyyath | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sire | Dubawi |
| Dam | Nightime |
| Sex | Colt |
| Foaled | 19 April 2015 |
| Country | Ireland |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Springbank Way Stud |
| Owner | Godolphin |
| Trainer | Charlie Appleby |
| Record | 13: 9-1-2 |
| Earnings | £759,161 |
| Major wins | |
| Autumn Stakes (2017)
Prix du Prince d'Orange (2018)
Prix d'Harcourt (2019)
Grosser Preis von Baden (2019)
Dubai Millennium Stakes (2020)
Coronation Cup (2020)
Eclipse Stakes (2020)
International Stakes (2020) | |
| Awards | |
| European Horse of the Year (2020)
Cartier Champion Older Horse (2020) | |


title: Ron Beagle

abstract: Ronald Beagle was an American football end. He played college football for the Navy Midshipmen, where he won the Maxwell Award in 1954.

text:
# Ron Beagle

**Ronald Beagle** (February 7, 1934 – September 8, 2015) was an American football end. He played college football for the Navy Midshipmen, where he won the Maxwell Award in 1954.

## Early years

Beagle was born in Hartford, Connecticut, but played high school football in Cincinnati.

## College career

He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1952. A physical player, Beagle won All-American recognition in his junior and senior seasons during an era in which ends played 60 minutes. He won the Maxwell Award in 1954. Beagle finished his three-year career with 64 receptions for 849 yards (mostly from George Welsh) and eight touchdowns despite fighting through a broken hand.

He also was All-America in lacrosse.

## After football

Beagle was selected by the Chicago Cardinals in the 17th round of the 1956 NFL draft. Before he was to join the Cardinals, he served four years in the United States Marines. He suffered a knee injury while playing football in the service and was never able to recover. He went into business in Sacramento, California.

## Personal life

Beagle married a Navy nurse, Jo Ann Jones. Their daughter, Ronda J. Beagle, graduated from the Naval Academy in 1984. The Beagles were among the first families with a father and daughter who graduated from the academy. Ronda Beagle authored a 1993 book on the Navy's efforts to recruit women.

Uniquely in the history of the sport, Beagle and Roger Staubach played football for the same high school (Purcell in Cincinnati), played college ball at the same school (Navy), won the Maxwell Award, made All-American team, and eventually were inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, with Beagle receiving that honor in 1986.

## InfoBox

Ron Beagle
| No. 80 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | End |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1934-02-07)February 7, 1934
Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died: | September 8, 2015(2015-09-08) (aged 81)
Sacramento, California, U.S. |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg) |
| Career history | |
| College |  |
| Bowl games |  |
| High school | Purcell
(Cincinnati, Ohio) |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| College Football Hall of Fame (1986) | |
|  | |


title: Rabbitt (album)

abstract: Rabbitt is the third studio album by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1977 under the Elektra Records label. The album produced the singles "We Can't Go on Living Like This" and "I Can't Help Myself" which peaked at 6 and 2, respectively, on the United States country singles chart. Rabbitt was re-released along with his debut album Eddie Rabbitt in 2006.

text:
# Rabbitt (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Rabbitt*** is the third studio album by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1977 under the Elektra Records label. The album produced the singles "We Can't Go on Living Like This" and "I Can't Help Myself" which peaked at 6 and 2, respectively, on the United States country singles chart.

*Rabbitt* was re-released along with his debut album *Eddie Rabbitt* in 2006.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'm a Little Bit Lonesome" | Eddie Rabbitt | 3:17 |
| 2. | "I Can't Help Myself" | Rabbitt, Even Stevens | 3:10 |
| 3. | "Stop, Look and Listen" | Rabbitt, Stevens | 2:47 |
| 4. | "The Girl on My Mind" | Rabbitt, Stevens, David Malloy | 2:36 |
| 5. | "You Make Love Beautiful" | Rabbitt, Alan Ray, Malloy | 2:40 |
| 6. | "Sure Thing" | Rabbitt, Stevens | 2:48 |
| 7. | "Jewelry Store" | Alan Ray | 3:22 |
| 8. | "We Can't Go On Living Like This" | Rabbitt, Stevens | 3:30 |
| 9. | "Is There a Country Song on the Jukebox?" | Rabbitt | 3:41 |
| 10. | "She Loves Me Like She Means It" | Rabbitt, Stevens, Malloy | 2:46 |

## Personnel

### Production

* David Malloy – producer
* Gene Eichelberger – engineer
* James Stroud – assistant engineer
* Quadrafonic Studios (Nashville, Tennessee) – recording location
* Glenn Meadows – mastering at Masterfonics (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Tony Lane – art direction
* Anne Blackford Garner – design
* Jonathan Exley – photography
* Michael Manoogian – logo design

## Chart positions

| Chart (1977) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. Top Country Albums | 4 |

### Singles

| Year | Song | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | "I Can't Help Myself" | Hot Country Singles | 2 |
| 1977 | "We Can't Go on Living Like This" | Hot Country Singles | 6 |

1. Rabbitt at AllMusic

## InfoBox

| Rabbitt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Eddie Rabbitt | |
| Released | May 24, 1977 |
| Studio | Quadrafonic Sound (Nashville, Tennessee) |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Elektra |
| Producer | David Malloy |
| Eddie Rabbitt chronology | |
| *Rocky Mountain Music*
(1976) ***Rabbitt***
(1977) *Variations*
(1978) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Rabbitt* | |
| 1. "I Can't Help Myself"
Released: April 2, 1977 2. "We Can't Go On Living Like This"
Released: August 25, 1977 | |
|  | |


title: François Patrice

abstract: François Patrice was a French film and television actor.

text:
# François Patrice

**François Patrice** (1 January 1924 – 19 December 2018) was a French film and television actor.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

## InfoBox

| François Patrice | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1 January 1924
Beirut, French Lebanon |
| Died | 19 December 2018 (aged 94)
Paris, France |
| Other names | François Aubouard |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1946- |


title: Gümüşpınar, Araban

abstract: Gümüşpınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Araban, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 110 (2022). The village is inhabited by Alevi Turkmens of the Chepni tribe.

text:
# Gümüşpınar, Araban

**Gümüşpınar** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Araban, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 110 (2022). The village is inhabited by Alevi Turkmens of the Chepni tribe.

## InfoBox

| Gümüşpınar | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| GümüşpınarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°26′40″N 37°53′26″E / 37.44444°N 37.89056°E / 37.44444; 37.89056 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Gaziantep |
| District | Araban |
| Population (2022) | 110 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Phorocera webberi

abstract: Phorocera webberi is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Phorocera webberi

***Phorocera webberi*** is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. Vol. 2nd Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9.
* Capinera, John L., ed. (2008). *Encyclopedia of Entomology*. Springer. ISBN 978-1402062421.
* McAlpine, J.F.; Petersen, B.V.; Shewell, G.E.; Teskey, H.J.; Vockeroth, J.R.; Wood, D.M. (1987). *Manual of Nearctic Diptera*. Research Branch Agriculture Canada.

## InfoBox

| *Phorocera webberi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Genus: | *Phorocera* |
| Species: | ***P. webberi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phorocera webberi***<br>(Smith, 1917) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pseudotachinomyia webberi*  Smith, 1917 | |


title: Hallelujah Junction (ballet)

abstract: Hallelujah Junction is the eighth ballet made by New York City Ballet ballet master in chief Peter Martins to John Adams' eponymous music. The duo pianists appear in silhouette above the dancers throughout in Mark Stanley's lighting. The dance was made on the Royal Danish Ballet. The premiere took place on 24 March 2001 at the Royal Danish Theatre, Copenhagen. The NYCB premiere was on 22 January 2002 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.

text:
# Hallelujah Junction (ballet)

***Hallelujah Junction*** is the eighth ballet made by New York City Ballet ballet master in chief Peter Martins to John Adams' eponymous music. The duo pianists appear in silhouette above the dancers throughout in Mark Stanley's lighting. The dance was made on the Royal Danish Ballet. The premiere took place on 24 March 2001 at the Royal Danish Theatre, Copenhagen. The NYCB premiere was on 22 January 2002 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.

## Original cast

## Reviews


title: Nate Bloom

abstract: Nate Bloom is an American columnist and genealogist focusing on Jewish genealogy. Bloom writes a syndicated column on Jewish celebrities that appears in Jewish-oriented newspapers, including American Israelite, Cleveland Jewish News, Detroit Jewish News, New Jersey Jewish Standard, Tampa Jewish Federation News, 18Doors, J. The Jewish News of Northern California, JWeekly, and Jewish World Review. He lives in Oakland, California. He is often cited by major publications and books for his research on Jewish celebrities and public figures. In Bloom's columns, he researches whether a celebrity is of full or partial Jewish descent if they were raised in Judaism or another faith, what faith the practice as an adult, and whether they are converts; those deemed Jewish are indicated in the column by bold type.

text:
# Nate Bloom

**Nate Bloom** is an American columnist and genealogist focusing on Jewish genealogy.

Bloom writes a syndicated column on Jewish celebrities that appears in Jewish-oriented newspapers, including *American Israelite*, *Cleveland Jewish News*, *Detroit Jewish News*, *New Jersey Jewish Standard*, *Tampa Jewish Federation News*, *18Doors* (formerly *InterfaithFamily*), *J. The Jewish News of Northern California*, *JWeekly*, and *Jewish World Review*. He lives in Oakland, California. He is often cited by major publications and books for his research on Jewish celebrities and public figures. In Bloom's columns, he researches whether a celebrity is of full or partial Jewish descent if they were raised in Judaism or another faith, what faith the practice as an adult, and whether they are converts; those deemed Jewish are indicated in the column by bold type.

## InfoBox

| Nate Bloom | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Genealogist <br>Columnist |


abstract: Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary (UP-PAC) or Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) is an armed police of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is maintained at key locations across the state and active only on orders from the Deputy Inspector General and higher-level authorities. It is usually assigned to VIP duty or to maintain law and order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters. They are also deployed to quell outbreaks of student or labor unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts; and to participate in antiterrorist operations. The Provincial Armed Constabulary is equipped with INSAS semi automatic guns and usually carries only lathis while controlling the mob during unrests. UP-PAC consists of a total of 20,000 personnel as of 2005, composed of 33 battalions located in different cities across the state as a wing of Uttar Pradesh Police. Each battalion is commanded by a Commanding Officer(CO) who is usually an IPS officer of Senior Superintendent rank, and has seven to eight companies consisting of 120 to 150 Jawans, each company headed by a State Police officer of Inspector rank, who is usually referred to as company commander in the PAC and below company there are 3 platoons consisting of 40-50 Jawans, each platoon is usually headed by a Sub-Inspector rank state police officer. The PAC is headed by the Additional Director General Provincial Armed Constabulary.

text:
# Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary

**Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary** (**UP-PAC**) or ***Provincial Armed Constabulary*** (**PAC**) is an armed police of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is maintained at key locations across the state and active only on orders from the Deputy Inspector General and higher-level authorities. It is usually assigned to VIP duty or to maintain law and order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters. They are also deployed to quell outbreaks of student or labor unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts; and to participate in antiterrorist operations. The Provincial Armed Constabulary is equipped with INSAS semi automatic guns and usually carries only *lathis* while controlling the mob during unrests. UP-PAC consists of a total of 20,000 personnel as of 2005, composed of 33 battalions located in different cities across the state as a wing of Uttar Pradesh Police. Each battalion is commanded by a Commanding Officer(CO) who is usually an IPS officer of Senior Superintendent rank, and has seven to eight companies consisting of 120 to 150 *Jawans*, each company headed by a State Police officer of Inspector rank, who is usually referred to as company commander in the PAC and below company there are 3 platoons consisting of 40-50 Jawans, each platoon is usually headed by a Sub-Inspector rank state police officer. The PAC is headed by the Additional Director General Provincial Armed Constabulary (ADG PAC).

## Awards

Mohammad Isa Company Commander of IV Battalion of the UP-PAC stationed at Allahabad was awarded *Police Medal for Gallantry* on 14 January 1957 for his successful encounter with armed dacoits in a forest near the Kurat village.

## History

Following is the summary of events related to UP-PAC:

A unit called Special Police Force (SPF) previously existed to operate in cooperation with Indian Army. In the 1990s the SPF was merged into the 9th battalion of the PAC, which is situated in Moradabad.

The 46 Battalion called Task Force existed till 1998 (Jawans use to wear insignia of Tiger on their Uniform's Arms), with the special task to fight Dacoits and Insurgents on achieving its goal was again converted to normal PAC Battalion (Presently located at Rudrapur, under Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary).

In May 1973, 12 battalions of the UP-PAC revolted and the Army was called in to control. About 30 policemen were killed and hundreds were arrested and dismissed from service. In 1982 two petitions to disband UP-PAC were filed in Supreme Court.

UP-PAC had been alleged to be involved in number of human rights violation cases, including:

* Worsening the situation during 1978 Aligarh riots
* Massacring more than 150 people during 1980 Moradabad riots
* Instigating communal violence in Meerut in 1982
* Massacring over 40 people, from the Hashimpura *mohalla* (locality) of the Meerut city in the incidence known as Hashimpura massacre
* Looting the markets in Kanpur while on duty in 2001

## Recent events

In 2001 the Maoists looted 14 SLRs from Khoradih UP-PAC camp in Mirzapur.

In November 2004 the Naugharh landmine blast by Maoists in Chandauli district in which naxalites ambushed a police party, killing 17 police officers, 13 UP-PAC *jawans* and 4 UP-Police constables.

During 2013 North India floods UP-PAC and Army rescue teams shifted 25,000 to 30,000 people to safer places from flooded villages in Uttar Pradesh.


title: Inbred with Rednex

abstract: Inbred with Rednex, sometimes misread as "In Bred with Rednex", is the first EP by Swedish dance group Rednex. The album was recorded and released in Germany in 1995 through BMG Interactive.

text:
# Inbred with Rednex

***Inbred with Rednex***, sometimes misread as "In Bred with Rednex", is the first EP by Swedish dance group Rednex. The album was recorded and released in Germany in 1995 through BMG Interactive.

## Background

Following the success of the previous single releases "Cotton Eye Joe", "Old Pop in an Oak" and "Wish You Were Here" and the debut studio album *Sex & Violins*, Rednex released their first extended play in 1995.

## Content

The *Inbred with Rednex* extended play contains seven songs, three of them, "Cotton Eye Joe", "Old Pop in an Oak" and "Wish You Were Here", which had been previously released as singles. While "Cotton Eye Joe" and "Wish You Were Here" only appear in video form on the album, "Old Pop in an Oak" appears in both, video and audio form. The other five songs are four previously unreleased songs and one remix of "Cotton Eye Joe", labeled the "Öban Remix". The first track of the disc contains the interactive multimedia part "Inbred With Rednex", a point 'n' click adventure game starring Rednex, playable only for Windows & Mac PCs. The whole release is housed in an 18x23cm game box. Two of the previously unreleased four songs, "So long Johnny" and "The Whore in San Pedro", can only be played in a CD-Rom player.

## Appearances

The single "Old Pop in an Oak" previously appeared on Rednex's debut studio album *Sex & Violins*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Inbred with Rednex" (Multimedia Part) |  |  |  |
| 2. | "Cotton Eye Joe" (Öban Remix) | * Janne Ericsson * Örjan Öberg * Patrick Edenberg | * Reiniz | 4:46 |
| 3. | "Old Pop in an Oak" | * Edenberg | * Reiniz | 3:31 |
| 4. | "Ropin' a Cow" | * Öberg | * Öberg | 4:12 |
| 5. | "Crying Me Blind" | * Edenberg | * Reiniz | 2:54 |
| Total length: | | | | 15:23 |

Inbred with Rednex Multimedia Part
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "So Long Johnny" | * Annika Ljungberg | * Stefan Een | 2:46 |
| 2. | "The Whore in San Pedro" | * Een | * Een | 3:43 |
| 3. | "Cotton Eye Joe" (Video) | * Ericsson * Öberg * Edenberg | * Reiniz | 3:12 |
| 4. | "Old Pop in an Oak" (Video) | * Edenberg | * Reiniz | 3:31 |
| 5. | "Wish You Were Here" (Video) |  |  | 3:56 |
| Total length: | | | | 17:08 |

**Notes**

* The interactive multimedia part "Inbred with Rednex" can only be played in CD-Rom players.

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Inbred with Rednex | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Rednex | |
| Released | 1995 (1995) |
| Recorded | 1994–1995 |
| Length | 15:23 |
| Label | BMG Interactive |
| Producer | Pat Reiniz |
| Rednex chronology | |
| *Sex & Violins*
(1995) ***Inbred with Rednex***
(1995) *Farm Out*
(2000) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Inbred With Rednex* | |
| 1. "Cotton Eye Joe"
Released: August 12, 1994 2. "Old Pop in an Oak"
Released: November 17, 1994 3. "Wish You Were Here"
Released: May 6, 1995 | |
|  | |


title: Two Lines

abstract: Two Lines is an album by composer David Rosenboom with saxophonist and improviser Anthony Braxton recorded in 1992 and released on the Lovely label.

text:
# Two Lines

***Two Lines*** is an album by composer David Rosenboom with saxophonist and improviser Anthony Braxton recorded in 1992 and released on the Lovely label.

## Reception

The AllMusic review by Brian Olewnick stated "'It's a fairly dense, uncompromising effort but ultimately quite rewarding for its participants' devotion to Rosenboom's idea as well as for Braxton's inherent creativity in almost any situation. Recommended for fans of Braxton's more outside work".

## Track listing

All compositions by David Rosenboom and Anthony Braxton except where noted.

1. "Lineage" – 8:29
2. "Enactment" – 9:15
3. "Two Lines" (David Rosenboom) – 26:22
4. "Transfiguration" – 12:30
5. "Transference" – 14:52

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Two Lines | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by David Rosenboom / Anthony Braxton | |
| Released | 1995 |
| Recorded | October 3, 1992 |
| Venue | California Institute of the Arts Computer Music Studios, Santa Clarita, CA |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 71:28 |
| Label | Lovely
LCD 3071 |
| Anthony Braxton chronology | |
| *Composition No. 165 (for 18 instruments)*
(1992) ***Two Lines***
(1995) *(Victoriaville) 1992*
(1992) | |


abstract: The Fraser Valley Trade and Exhibition Centre or TRADEX is the second largest facility of its kind in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. It is operated by the Tourism Abbotsford Society and hosts around 90 events every year. These events are run by independent companies or people who are subject to TRADEX policies and procedures. The events vary in type and include consumer shows, trade shows, banquets, agricultural shows, special events, meetings, sporting events, outdoor events, weddings, product launches, film shoots, and ride and drives. The building has an H-shaped layout of two 60,000 square feet (5,600 m⁲) halls which can be used independently or for a single large exhibition. It has nine hangar-style doors of varying sizes, the biggest of which allows the passage of objects as large as 90 feet (27 m) wide and 19 feet (5.8 m) high. The centre hosts the bulk of its events between September and May, during which time events are run almost every weekend. During the rest of the year, the centre hosts fewer events, mostly held outdoors.

text:
# Fraser Valley Trade and Exhibition Centre

The **Fraser Valley Trade and Exhibition Centre** or **TRADEX** is the second largest facility of its kind in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada.

It is operated by the Tourism Abbotsford Society and hosts around 90 events every year. These events are run by independent companies or people (show managers) who are subject to TRADEX policies and procedures. The events vary in type and include consumer shows, trade shows, banquets, agricultural shows, special events, meetings, sporting events, outdoor events, weddings, product launches, film shoots, and ride and drives.

The building has an H-shaped layout of two 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) halls which can be used independently or for a single large exhibition. It has nine hangar-style doors of varying sizes, the biggest of which allows the passage of objects as large as 90 feet (27 m) wide and 19 feet (5.8 m) high.

The centre hosts the bulk of its events between September and May, during which time events are run almost every weekend. During the rest of the year, the centre hosts fewer events, mostly held outdoors.

## History

The centre was constructed as a joint project between the BC Pavilion Corporation (BC PavCo) the Provincial Government, the Municipal Government and Airshow Canada, and was completed in 1991. It was managed by BC PavCo until 2003 when the centre was purchased by the City of Abbotsford and Tourism Abbotsford contracted to take over the operation of the centre.

## Additional information

In addition to 120,000 total square feet of exhibition space, TRADEX has:

* Three additional meeting rooms, of varying sizes
* A show office with a private meeting room/lounge
* One loading bay with two loading bay doors
* Fully licensed catering facilities from fast food concessions to banquet for 2,500 people per hall
* A two level food concession area totalling 4,000 square feet (370 m2), with seating for 500 people
* 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of paved, gravel and grass parking lot area, totalling 2,500 parking stalls, with over 1,000 being paved

* "Fraser Valley Trade and Exhibition Centre - TRADEX website". Archived from the original on 2008-08-07. Retrieved 2008-09-29.

## InfoBox

| Fraser Valley Trade and Exhibition Centre - TRADEX | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | 1190 Cornell Street |
| Location | Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada |
| Coordinates | 49°01′27″N 122°22′53″W / 49.02408°N 122.38136°W / 49.02408; -122.38136 |
| Owner | City of Abbotsford |
| Operator | Tourism Abbotsford |
| Opened | July 28, 1991 |
| Enclosed space | |
| Total space | 120,000+ sq ft |
| Exhibit hall floor | 2 - 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m2) Halls |
| Meeting rooms | 3 + show office & lounge |
| Loading Bay | 1 bay - 2 bay doors |
| Concessions | 2 concessions - 4,000 sq ft (370 m2), 500 seats, 2 levels |
| Licensed | Fully licensed |
|  | |
| Parking | 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m2)+ with 2,500 stalls (1000 paved stalls, 1500 gravel & grass) |


title: HD 330075

abstract: HD 330075 is a star in the southern constellation of Norma. It has a yellow hue and an apparent visual magnitude of 9.36, which makes it too faint to be seen with the naked eye – it is visible only with telescope or powerful binoculars. Parallax measurements provide a distance estimate of 148 light years from the Sun, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 62 km/s. The star is estimated to have come as close as 111.5 light-years some 409 million years ago. This object appears to be a slightly evolved dwarf with a spectral class of G5. That is, it is nearing the end of its main sequence lifetimes and is becoming a subgiant star. The star has very low chromospheric activity and is around five billion years old. It is smaller than the Sun with 86% of the Sun's mass and 85% of the solar radius. As a consequence, it is radiating just 39% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,967 K. It has a super-solar metallicity, which means the abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium appears much higher than in the Sun.

text:
# HD 330075

**HD 330075** is a star in the southern constellation of Norma. It has a yellow hue and an apparent visual magnitude of 9.36, which makes it too faint to be seen with the naked eye – it is visible only with telescope or powerful binoculars. Parallax measurements provide a distance estimate of 148 light years from the Sun, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 62 km/s. The star is estimated to have come as close as 111.5 light-years some 409 million years ago.

This object appears to be a slightly evolved dwarf with a spectral class of G5. That is, it is nearing the end of its main sequence lifetimes and is becoming a subgiant star. The star has very low chromospheric activity and is around five billion years old. It is smaller than the Sun with 86% of the Sun's mass and 85% of the solar radius. As a consequence, it is radiating just 39% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,967 K. It has a super-solar metallicity, which means the abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium appears much higher than in the Sun.

## Planetary system

In 2004, the discovery of a hot Jupiter planet orbiting close to the star was announced. This is the first planet discovered by the then-new HARPS spectrograph.

The HD 330075 planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 0.76 MJ | 0.043 | 3.369±0.004 | 0 |  |  |

## InfoBox

HD 330075
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Norma |
|
| Right ascension | 15h 49m 37.69382s |
| Declination | –49° 57 48.6771 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 9.36 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | G5 |
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| B−V color index | 0.935±0.005 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | 61.67±0.24 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: -232.760 mas/yr
Dec.: -92.540 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 22.0467 ± 0.0443 mas |
| **Distance** | 147.9 ± 0.3 ly
(45.36 ± 0.09 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 5.89 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 0.86±0.02 |
| **Radius** | 0.85+0.02
−0.03 |
| **Luminosity** | 0.393±0.001 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.68±0.09 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 4,967+88
−65 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | 0.18±0.04 dex |
| **Age** | 5.30±4.22 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| CD−49°10033, Gaia DR2 5982775854377691136, HD 330075, HIP 77517, SAO 226248, PPM 321068, LTT 6312, NLTT 41237, 2MASS J15493770-4957486 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Philosopher's Propeller

abstract: Philosopher's Propeller is the eighth solo album by Susumu Hirasawa, the first to be completely self-released. The album was inspired by Myanmar alchemy, and several song names come from Latin terms pertaining to the alchemical magnum opus.

text:
# Philosopher's Propeller

***Philosopher's Propeller*** (賢者のプロペラ, *Kenja no Puropera*) is the eighth solo album by Susumu Hirasawa, the first to be completely self-released.

The album was inspired by Myanmar alchemy, and several song names come from Latin terms pertaining to the alchemical magnum opus.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Susumu Hirasawa

CD version
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Philosopher's Propeller-1" (賢者のプロペラ *Kenja no Puropera*) | 4:28 |
| 2. | "Rubedo (Reddening)" (ルベド(赤化) *Rubedo (Sekka)*) | 4:38 |
| 3. | "Nigredo (Blackening)" (ニグレド(黒化) *Niguredo (Kokka)*) | 4:51 |
| 4. | "Albedo (Whitening)" (アルベド(白化) *Arubedo (Hokka)*) (instrumental) | 3:18 |
| 5. | "Quadratur des Zirkels" (円積法 *En Sekihō*) | 4:03 |
| 6. | "The Garden Where the Solutions are Found" (課題が見出される庭園 *Kadai ga Miidasa Reru Teien*) (instrumental) | 5:42 |
| 7. | "An Expert Mountain" (達人の山 *Tatsujin no Yama*) | 4:32 |
| 8. | "Opus (The Fool's Rose Garden)" (作業(愚者の薔薇園) *Sagyō (Gusha no Baraen)*) | 4:15 |
| 9. | "Rotation (LOTUS-2)" (ロタティオン(LOTUS-2)) | 3:58 |
| 10. | "Philosopher's Propeller-2" (賢者のプロペラ-2 *Kenja no Puropera-2*) | 5:05 |

MP3 version - part 1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Philosopher's Propeller-1" (賢者のプロペラ *Kenja no Puropera*) |  |
| 2. | "Rubedo (Reddening)" (ルベド(赤化) *Rubedo (Sekka)*) |  |
| 3. | "The Garden Where the Solutions are Found" (課題が見出される庭園 *Kadai ga Miidasa Reru Teien*) (instrumental) |  |
| 4. | "An Expert Mountain" (達人の山 *Tatsujin no Yama*) |  |
| 5. | "Rotation (LOTUS-2)" (ロタティオン(LOTUS-2)) |  |

MP3 version - part 2
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Nigredo (Blackening)" (ニグレド(黒化) *Niguredo (Kokka)*) |  |
| 7. | "Albedo (Whitening)" (アルベド(白化) *Arubedo (Hokka)*) (instrumental) |  |
| 8. | "Quadratur des Zirkels" (円積法 *En Sekihō*) |  |
| 9. | "Opus (The Fool's Rose Garden)" (作業(愚者の薔薇園) *Sagyō (Gusha no Baraen)*) |  |
| 10. | "Philosopher's Propeller-2" (賢者のプロペラ-2 *Kenja no Puropera-2*) |  |

## Personnel

technical visuals * Toshifumi Nakai (Seal/S Floor) - design
* Hideki Namai - photography
* Kazunori Yoshida - hair & make-up

operations * Teslakite - promotion
    + Mika Hirano, Rihito Yumoto
* Kenji "Sato-ken" Sato (Chaos Union) - executive production

Special Thanks * Hirokazu Tsuchiya (Nikkei netn@avi)
* Kasiko Takahasi (Fascination)
* Masaru Owaku (A-Shield)
* @Nifty Amiga Forum
* Atsushi Kakuta
* U Khin Maung Aye
* Khin May Phue
* MJRC
    + Hirosi Watanabe, Shio Nishikawa, Thaung Htun

## Release history

| Date | Label(s) | Format | Catalog | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 5, 2000 | Chaos Union, TESLAKITE | CD | CHTE-0001 |  |
| November 1, 2000 | | MP3 | WC-00001 | Tracks differ from their CD version counterparts to varying extents. All songs have since been re-ordered to follow the CD sequence and are available for download individually (cat. nos. WC-00010 – 19). |
| December 22, 2000
January 26, 2001 | | | |
|

## InfoBox

| Philosopher's Propeller | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Susumu Hirasawa | |
| Released | October 5, 2000 |
| Studio | Studio Wireself (rec/mix)
Sunrise Studio Akasaka DMR (mast.) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 44:52 |
| Label | Chaos Union, TESLAKITE |
| Producer | * Kenji Sato (exec.) * Susumu Hirasawa |
| Susumu Hirasawa chronology | |
| *Technique of Relief*
(1998) ***Philosopher's Propeller***
(2000) *Blue Limbo*
(2003) | |