title: Nick Mantas

abstract: Nick Mantas is a Canadian politician who currently sits as a member of the Toronto City Council for Ward 22 Scarborough—Agincourt. Mantas was elected in a by-election held on January 15, 2021. Prior to his election, Mantas worked as a policy advisor and civil servant in the City of Toronto and federal government.

text:
# Nick Mantas

**Nick Mantas** (born 1983) is a Canadian politician who currently sits as a member of the Toronto City Council for Ward 22 Scarborough—Agincourt. Mantas was elected in a by-election held on January 15, 2021. Prior to his election, Mantas worked as a policy advisor and civil servant in the City of Toronto and federal government.

## Background

Mantas holds a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in economics from York University. He worked as a federal constituency assistant, a policy advisor to the Senate of Canada and chief of staff for Councillor Jim Karygiannis.

In 2014, following Karygiannis' resignation as a member of Parliament (MP) to run for Toronto City Council, Mantas sought the federal Liberal Party nomination for the Scarborough—Agincourt by-election.

## Political career

Mantas won a by-election to the Toronto City Council on January 15, 2021 and was sworn in on January 18. He replaces Jim Karygiannis, whom he had worked for at a federal and municipal level, serving as his chief of staff. On council, he sits as a member of the Scarborough Community Council.

Mantas campaigned on bringing traffic-calming measures to schools, increasing community safety, extending the Line 4 Sheppard subway into Scarborough and ensuring construction on the Bridletowne Hub starts in 2021.

## Electoral results

2021 Ward 22 Scarborough—Agincourt by-election
| Council Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Nick Mantas** | 3,261 | 26.98 |
| Manna Wong | 3,038 | 25.13 |
| Christina Liu | 1,760 | 14.56 |
| Rocco Achampong | 968 | 8.01 |
| Tony Luk | 848 | 7.02 |
| Roland Lin | 534 | 4.42 |
| Jimmy Dagher | 224 | 1.85 |
| Serge Khatchadourian | 224 | 1.85 |
| Lily Fang | 173 | 1.43 |
| David Cheng | 148 | 1.22 |
| Paul Maguire | 135 | 1.12 |
| Varun Sriskanda | 114 | 0.94 |
| Renee Jagdeo | 108 | 0.89 |
| Yong Wu | 108 | 0.89 |
| Corey David | 79 | 0.65 |
| Walayat Khan | 67 | 0.55 |
| Sharif Ahmed | 51 | 0.42 |
| Jonathan Fon | 42 | 0.35 |
| Kevin Haynes | 42 | 0.35 |
| Kevin Clarke | 38 | 0.31 |
| Colin Williams | 29 | 0.24 |
| Itohan Evbagharu | 26 | 0.22 |
| Anthony Internicola | 23 | 0.19 |
| Daniel Trayes | 17 | 0.14 |
| Michael Julihen | 14 | 0.12 |
| Jeff Vitale | 12 | 0.04 |
| Rigaud Bastien | 5 | 0.04 |

1. Adler, Mike (2014-05-08). "Liberals in Scarborough-Agincourt to select candidate to replace outgoing Jim Karygiannis". *Toronto.com*. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
2. "'I was able to bring people together over the years': Nick Mantas on replacing Jim Karygiannis as councillor for Ward 22". *thestar.com*. 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
3. "Councillor Nick Mantas". *City of Toronto*. 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
4. "Nick Mantas, Karygiannis' former chief of staff, wins Scarborough-Agincourt byelection". *CP24*. 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
5. "Nick Mantas, a successor hand-picked by former Ward 22 Coun. Jim Karygiannis, wins Scarborough-Agincourt seat". *thestar.com*. 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
6. "Declaration of Results" (PDF).

## InfoBox

| Nick Mantas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Toronto City Councillor
for Ward 22 Scarborough—Agincourt | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 18, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Jim Karygiannis |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1983
Toronto |
| Residence | Scarborough, Toronto |
| Alma mater | York University (BA) |
| Occupation | Policy Advisor, Civil Servant |
| Website | City of Toronto webpage |
|  | |


title: Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup

abstract: The Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup is a rowing event at Henley Royal Regatta open to school 1st VIIIs.

text:
# Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup

The **Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup** is a rowing event at Henley Royal Regatta open to school 1st VIIIs.

## History

The event was instituted in 1946 for public schools in the United Kingdom. It was opened to entries from overseas in 1964, and that year Washington-Lee High School (United States) became the first overseas crew to win the event, beating Groton School, USA, in an all-American final.

The inauguration of this race coincided with future queen Princess Elizabeth's first visit to the regatta, and so permission was given to name the trophy "The Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup".

The PE (as it is usually abbreviated) is one of only a few races in the regatta which does not allow composite crews to be entered, and as such each race is a straight competition between one club and another. As the most prestigious race of the school rowing year, the event attracts strong competition both from the UK and abroad. For British crews, winning the PE can be the final victory needed to win “the triple", a prestigious achievement which comprises winning the Schools' Head of the River Race, The National Schools Regatta and finally the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup, all in the same year. The "triple" was first achieved in 1978 by Eton College who have subsequently achieved it a further six times (1990, 1991, 1995, 2005, 2009 and 2010). Other winners of the triple are St. Edward's School in 1984, Hampton School in 1985, 1986 and 1988, Abingdon School in 2002 and 2012, and St Paul's School (London) in 2018 and 2024. Both St Pauls and Eton have also achieved a so-called "quadruple" by additionally winning the Youth Eights at the Head of the Charles Regatta; Eton in both 2008/09 and 2009/10 and St Paul's in 2017/18 and 2023/24.

Of British entries, Eton College have won the PE a total of 15 times, St Paul's School (London) 8 times, St. Edward's School 5 times, and Abingdon School, Bedford School, Hampton School, Pangbourne College and Shrewsbury School have each won the event 4 times.

Radley College are the most frequent losing finalists having done so on 7 occasions, followed by Eton College and St Paul's School on 6 occasions. Hampton School and St. Edward's School have been the losing finalists on 4 occasions. Westminster School, The King's School Canterbury and Oundle School share the record for the most losses (4) in finals without having ever won the event.

The PE was opened to international crews in 1964, since when American crews have won the event 14 times (and been losing finalists 19 times), Canadian crews 7 times (losing finalists 3 times), and Australian crews 3 times (losing finalists twice). Ridley College (Canada) remain the most successful North American school in the event having won the PE 5 times in the 1970's. Holy Spirit High School, USA and St.Paul's School, Concord, USA have both won the event 3 times, St.Paul's School, Concord, USA also having been losing finalists on 4 occasions. The Australian school to have won the event most recently was Scotch College, Melbourne in 2017.

At the 2023 regatta, the rules for the PE were changed to allow junior crews from clubs as well as schools to enter the event.

## Past winners

| Year | Winner | Runner-Up | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1946 | Bedford School | Radley College |  |
| 1947 | Bedford School | Shrewsbury School |  |
| 1948 | Bedford School | Radley College |  |
| 1949 | Winchester College | Westminster School |  |
| 1950 | St Paul's School (London) | Bedford School |  |
| 1951 | Bedford School | Radley College |  |
| 1952 | Radley College | Monkton Combe School |  |
| 1953 | St Paul's School (London) | The King's School Canterbury |  |
| 1954 | Winchester College | Oundle School |  |
| 1955 | Shrewsbury School | Oundle School |  |
| 1956 | Eton College | St Paul's School (London) |  |
| 1957 | St Paul's School (London) | Shrewsbury School |  |
| 1958 | St. Edward's School | Oundle School |  |
| 1959 | St. Edward's School | Oundle School |
| 1960 | Shrewsbury School | The King's School Canterbury |  |
| 1961 | Shrewsbury School | The King's School Canterbury |  |
| 1962 | Radley College | Nautical College, Pangbourne |  |
| 1963 | Nautical College, Pangbourne | St Paul's School (London) |  |
| 1964 | Washington-Lee High School, USA | Groton School, USA |  |
| 1965 | Tabor Academy, USA | Phillips Exeter Academy, USA |  |
| 1966 | Emanuel School | Halcyon Boat Club, St.Paul's School, USA |  |
| 1967 | Eton College | Tabor Academy, USA |  |
| 1968 | JEB Stuart High School, USA | Eton College |  |
| 1969 | Washington-Lee High School, USA | Emanuel School |  |
| 1970 | Ridley College, Canada | Hampton Grammar School |  |
| 1971 | Pangbourne College | St. Andrew's School, USA |  |
| 1972 | Kent School, USA | Brentwood College School, CAN |  |
| 1973 | Ridley College, Canada | St. Paul's School, USA |  |
| 1974 | Holy Spirit High School, Absecon, New Jersey, USA | Kingston Grammar School |  |
| 1975 | Ridley College, Canada | St. Paul's School, USA |  |
| 1976 | Holy Spirit High School, USA | Emanuel School |  |
| 1977 | Ridley College, Canada | Hampton School |  |
| 1978 | Eton College | Brentwood College School, CAN |  |
| 1979 | Ridley College, Canada | Eton College |  |
| 1980 | St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire), USA | St. Joseph's Preparatory School, USA |  |
| 1981 | Holy Spirit High School, USA | Emanuel School |  |
| 1982 | Eton College | Holy Spirit High School. USA |  |
| 1983 | Eton College | St. Andrew's School, USA |  |
| 1984 | St. Edward's School | St. Joseph's Preparatory School, USA |  |
| 1985 | Hampton School | St. Paul's School, USA |  |
| 1986 | Hampton School | Belmont Hill School, USA |  |
| 1987 | Belmont Hill School, USA | Hampton School |  |
| 1988 | Hampton School | Eton College |  |
| 1989 | Hampton School | Shiplake College |  |
| 1990 | Eton College | Westminster School |  |
| 1991 | Eton College | The King's School Canterbury |  |
| 1992 | Pangbourne College | Westminster School |  |
| 1993 | Brisbane Boys' College, AUS | Eton College |  |
| 1994 | St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire), USA | Atlantic City High School, USA |  |
| 1995 | Eton College | Hampton School |  |
| 1996 | Brentwood College School, CAN | St. Edward's School |  |
| 1997 | St Paul's School (London) | Canford School |  |
| 1998 | Radley College | St. Mary's Preparatory School, USA |  |
| 1999 | St. Edward's School | St. Peter's College, AUS |  |
| 2000 | Saint Joseph's Preparatory, USA | Groton School, USA |  |
| 2001 | The King's School, Parramatta, Australia | Radley College |  |
| 2002 | Abingdon School | St Paul's School (London) |  |
| 2003 | Pangbourne College | St. Edward's School |  |
| 2004 | St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire), USA | Abingdon School |  |
| 2005 | Eton College | Saint Joseph's Preparatory, USA |  |
| 2006 | St. Ignatius College Preparatory, USA | The King's School Chester |  |
| 2007 | Shrewsbury School | Brentwood College School, CAN |  |
| 2008 | Shawnigan Lake School, Canada | Eton College |  |
| 2009 | Eton College | Abingdon School |  |
| 2010 | Eton College | Kent School, USA |  |
| 2011 | Abingdon School | St. Andrew's School, Delaware, USA |  |
| 2012 | Abingdon School | Radley College |  |
| 2013 | Abingdon School | St. Edward's School |  |
| 2014 | Eton College | St. Edward's School |  |
| 2015 | St Paul's School (London) | Westminster School |  |
| 2016 | Eton College | St Paul's School (London) |  |
| 2017 | Scotch College, Melbourne, Australia | Radley College |  |
| 2018 | St Paul's School (London) | Eton College |  |
| 2019 | Eton College | Scotch College, Melbourne, AUS |  |
| 2020 | *No competition due to COVID-19 pandemic* | |  |
| 2021 | Eton College | St Paul's School (London) |  |
| 2022 | St Paul's School (London) | Radley College |  |
| 2023 | St Edward's School | St Paul's School (London) |  |
| 2024 | St Paul's School (London) | Shiplake College |  |

## Record times

The record holder for the event is St Paul's School (London), having finished the course in 6 minutes 06 seconds in the final against Eton College in 2018. They beat the previous record for the event by 11 seconds, held by Abingdon School.

The course record times for the event are:

* 1:46 to the Barrier (St. Paul's School 2018)
* 2:58 to Fawley (St. Paul's School 2018)
* 6:06 to the Finish (St. Paul's School 2018)

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Henley Royal Regatta, River Thames |
| Location | Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |
| Dates | 1946 – present |


title: Rhagium bifasciatum

abstract: Rhagium bifasciatum, sometimes called the two-banded longhorn beetle, is one of the most common longhorn beetles in Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus, although it is absent from the far north-east of Europe and some offshore islands, such as Malta. It may reach 22 millimetres (0.87 in) long and can be distinguished by the two prominent pale yellow bands on each of the elytra, although up to seventeen different patterns have been recognised. Like other longhorn beetles, R. bifasciatum lays its eggs in dead wood, mostly of coniferous trees, where they bore deep, broad tunnels until they are ready to pupate after about two years. The adults feed on a wide variety of coniferous and broad-leaved trees.

text:
# Rhagium bifasciatum

***Rhagium bifasciatum***, sometimes called the **two-banded longhorn beetle**, is one of the most common longhorn beetles in Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus, although it is absent from the far north-east of Europe and some offshore islands, such as Malta. It may reach 22 millimetres (0.87 in) long and can be distinguished by the two prominent pale yellow bands on each of the elytra, although up to seventeen different patterns have been recognised.

Like other longhorn beetles, *R. bifasciatum* lays its eggs in dead wood, mostly of coniferous trees, where they bore deep, broad tunnels until they are ready to pupate after about two years. The adults feed on a wide variety of coniferous and broad-leaved trees.

## InfoBox

| *Rhagium bifasciatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Rhagium* |
| Species: | ***R. bifasciatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhagium bifasciatum***<br>Fabricius, 1775 | |
|


title: Valentin Duc

abstract: Joseph Valentin Duc was a French operatic tenor. Valentin Duc is known for the creation of Karloo in Patrie ! by Paladilhe, Déjanire by Camille Saint-Saëns (1898) with a revival at the Odéon in November 1898, Prométhée by Gabriel Fauré (1900), Messaline by Isidore de Lara (1903), Les Hérétiques by Charles-Gaston Levadé.

text:
# Valentin Duc

**Joseph Valentin Duc** (24 January 1858 – 23 February 1915) was a French operatic tenor.

Valentin Duc is known for the creation of Karloo in *Patrie !* by Paladilhe (20 December 1886), *Déjanire* by Camille Saint-Saëns (1898) with a revival at the Odéon in November 1898, *Prométhée* by Gabriel Fauré (1900), *Messaline* by Isidore de Lara (1903), *Les Hérétiques* by Charles-Gaston Levadé (29 August 1905).

## Biography

Born in Béziers, **Joseph Valentin Duc** was a French singer, operatic forte ténor. He is known for his repertoire at the Opéra de Paris, the Théâtre des Arènes in Béziers and world tours that took him from Monte Carlo to St. Petersburg, from Baltimore to Seville...

Son of Valentin Duc (or Duch) and Marie Fabre, originating from Tignes (Kingdom of Sardinia), he was the third in a line of eight children. These parents moved to Béziers in 1850, joining a previously established Duc branch (Jean Duc, trader, spouse Anne-Marie Gayraud, and Laurent Duc, everyday worker), spouse Marie Peronne). In the Census Table of Class 1878, he is noted as postilion of occupation on that date. He left Béziers in 1879 for his military service at Rochefort. His fencing practice must have encouraged his stage fluency in performances of historical opera. He was spotted by Cazeaux.

He was in Paris in 1883, staying at 56 bd Richard Lenoir (27 October 1883) and received at the Conservatoire de Paris (Cf. § 2.1. Formation). On leaving the conservatory on 3 June 1885, he resided at 16 bd Montmartre. On April 30, 1891, he married Marie Catherine Plomteux, annuitant (born 29 December 1850 in Hannut, Belgium). They resided at 29 place du Marché-Saint-Honoré. He then legitimized Robert, born 29 November 1890, by this act.

Leaving the Opera in 1893, he then resided in Béziers "villa Frescaty" at 29 rue des Saint-Simoniens. He remained there until his death on 23 February 1915. Although he resided in town, he only sang at the Grand-Théâtre during exceptional events. He never belonged to the permanent troupe.

## Career

### Training

Before his Conseil de révision in 1878 (sortition in 1879), his musical studies probably took place at Béziers in the orpheonic framework and possibly in the choirs or small roles of the Grand Théâtre de Béziers. In 1882, he was admitted to the Conservatoire de Paris, in Bussine's singing class and Obin's opera class. (1st runner-up at the end of the first year). He was a resident of the town of Béziers as soon as 1882.

After leaving the Paris Conservatoire on 25 July 1885, Valentin Duc obtained the first prize for singing in front of a jury presided by Ambroise Thomas and including Massenet, Delibes, Guiraud, etc. generally acclaimed by the press (despite a very negative article in *Le Figaro*).

In the same promotion, he obtained first prize for opera in front of the same jury, supplemented by a few performers (Auguste Vitu in *Le Figaro* dated 31 July 1885 took the opposite opinion of his previous article).

### Repertoire

#### Repertoire at the Paris Opera.

Valentin Duc made his debut as Arnold in *Guillaume Tell* (August 1885). He sang Eleazar in *La Juive* (1885), Raoul of *Les Huguenots* (1886), Rodrigue of *Le Cid* (1886), Robert in *Robert le diable* (1888), Jean in *Le Prophète* (1889, Radamès in *Aida* (1890), Vasco in *L'Africaine* (1890), a role in *Sigurd* (1890), and finally Zarastra in *Le Mage* (1891).

After the fire of the Opera's sets in 1893, he left the troupe to begin his world tours.

#### Tours in province and abroad

According to the records of the management of the Grand Théâtre de Béziers, the articles of *L'Hérault* (1884-1891) and his important family correspondence by postcard it is possible to establish this list:

* 5 September 1884: benefit for the poor concert in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre).
* 30 April 1886: passage in *Les Huguenots*, concert-recital in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre), he sings in church and for the benefit of the poor.
* 18 March 1887: passage in *Guillaume Tell*, concert-récital in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre).
* 1 June 1888: concert-récital in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre).
* April 1890: passage in *La Juive* in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre).
* April 1891: performance in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre) with the troupe of Montpellier, he sings *Le Cid* by Massenet.
* 1895: Uruguay and Argentina Tour (Montevideo and Buenos Aires): He sings in Italian: *Aida*, *Les Huguenots*; Otello (only in Montevideo), *Guillaume Tell*, *La Juive* and *L'Africaine*
* 1896: concert of the Lyre Biterroise in Béziers (Grand-Théâtre).
* April 1897 (?): Moscow.
* 28-29 August 1898: he sings Hercules during the premiere of *Déjanire*.
* 1899:
    + 1899: in residence at Cairo.
    + 27-29 August 1899: he sings again the soli of Hercules during the revival of *Déjanire*.
* 1900:
    + 30 January 1900: Sampier Darena (sic).
    + 2 February 1900: Genova.
    + February 1900: tour in Italy - Parme, Turin, Rome, Naples, Bologne, Florence, Monaco-Monte-Carlo ("Great success yesterday in *William Tell*, I'm still singing on Tuesday and I hope to be in Béziers on Thursday."), Nice - Marseille.
    + 26 and 28 August 1900: he sings Kratos during the premiere of *Prométhée*.
    + September 1900: Aix-les-Bains.
* 1901:
    + February 1901: "We embarq for Baku."
    + 28 February 1901: in Yalta ("We enter the port of Novorossik") - Odessa.
    + 7 March 1901: Theatre of Tiflis.
    + 1 April 1901: "I went to Baku to give a concert where I had a great success." He plans to leave for Karkov for about ten days and 2 performances before the return to Paris.
    + April 1901: on his way back from Russia he stopped in Warsaw, Cologne, Hanover.
    + 22 September 1901: he sings *Les Huguenots* in Tiflis before leaving for Baku.
    + 31 December 1901: New-York – Departure for New Orleans.
* 1902:
    + 5 January 1902: He sings *La Juive* in New Orleans.
    + 19 February 1902: départure for Galvaston (sic), Texas.
    + March 1902: Chatta Nooga (sic) – Birmingham – Atlanta – Washington – Baltimore.
    + 19 April 1902: he sings the *Ave verum* by Pessard at the inauguration of Agde's grand organ.
    + 28 June 1902: Vichy ("I will leave Wednesday at 4:00 a. m. for Béziers where I will arrive at 6:00 a. m. Thursday morning. I'll spend three or four days"). He sings in *Guillaume Tell*.
    + 30 August 1902: Seville – Cadix. He plans to be in 10 days in New York, then Havana and Mexico City.
* 28 August 1904: he sings Renaud during the first performance of *Armide* at the Théâtre des Arènes, in front of more than 12,000 spectators. On August 30, the second performance of "Armide" is interrupted by rain from the first act, so he sang again the next day.
* 1906:
* 28 July 1907: Carcassonne.

His career ended at the age of 50 in 1908, following a family event. He is buried in the old cemetery of Béziers.

#### Style - Esthetics

He embodies the very type of the forte tenor of romantic opera, like Agustarello Affre or Léon Escalaïs.

## Iconography

### Discography

There is no known sound recording of Valentin Duc, unlike other Biterrean tenors of this period (for example Agustarello Affre, or Léon Escalaïs).

### Bibliography

* *Larousse* du XIXe, (2nd supplement).
* Stéphane Wolff, *L'opéra au Palais Garnier (1875-1962)*. Paris, 1962.
* Jacqueline Gachet, *Les représentations lyriques aux arènes de Béziers de 1898 à 1911*. Paris, 1976 (dir.: Jacques Chailley).
* Janine et Alex Bèges, *Mémoire d'un théâtre*. Béziers, Société de Musicologie du Languedoc, 1987.
* Michel Viala, *Mémoire en images Béziers*. St.-Cyr-sur-Loire, éd. Alan Sutton, 2003; vol. 2, (p. 93 and 96): Valentin Duc.
* Pierre Clerc, *Dictionnaire de biographie héraultaise*, t. 1 : A-G, art. *Valentin Duc*, (p. 724). Presses du Languedoc, 2012.
* Alex Bèges, Jacqueline Pech, *Un siècle de spectacles, de divertissements & de plaisirs à Béziers (1860-1960) - Théâtres, Cinémas, Concerts, Cafés*. XXIVe Cahier de la Société Archéologique, Scientifique & Littéraire de Béziers, 2012 (for his numerous references and biographies of artists).

* *Déjanire* in the file *Un siècle de créations d’opéras à Paris* on ***Resmusica*** mentioning the work, the composers and the immoderation at the Théâtre des Arènes.

## InfoBox

| Valentin Duc | |
| --- | --- |
| Valentin Duc, by J. Bioletto (photographer in Lyon in 1901-1902). | |
| Born | 24 January 1858
Béziers, France |
| Died | 23 February 1915(1915-02-23) (aged 57)
Béziers |
| Education |  |
| Occupations | * Opera singer * Tenor |


title: Myripristis murdjan

abstract: Myripristis murdjan is a species of soldierfish found in the Indo-Pacific.

text:
# Myripristis murdjan

***Myripristis murdjan*** is a species of soldierfish found in the Indo-Pacific.

## InfoBox

| *Myripristis murdjan* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Holocentriformes |
| Family: | Holocentridae |
| Genus: | *Myripristis* |
| Species: | ***M. murdjan*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myripristis murdjan***
Forsskål, 1775 | |
|


title: Theodor Pixis

abstract: August Ludwig Theodor Pixis was a German painter, graphic artist, illustrator and etcher. He was born in Kaiserslautern. After graduating from the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich in 1849, he began studying law. He soon turned to art, and became a pupil of the painters Philipp von Foltz and Wilhelm von Kaulbach. Pixis made his debut in 1854 with his painting Coriolanus. Funded and supported by his teachers, Pixis left in 1856 for two years of study in Italy. In the autumn of 1858 Pixis returned to Germany and settled in Munich. One of his first major works after his return was a cycle of illustrations for the Gudrun legend. From 1859 Pixis was instrumental in the decoration of the Bavarian National Museum. At the request of Maximilian II, Pixis created three paintings from the histories of Charles X and Charles XI. From 1862 onwards there came in rapid succession many pictures which were highly praised by critics, such as Calvin meets Servetus in prison, as well as illustrations for a cycle of German folk songs. For the Bruckmann publishing house, Pixis created three images for the Schiller-Galerie and four representations of the seasons. He illustrated Paradise Lost by John Milton, and contributed to the Wagner-Galerie. King Ludwig II commissioned Pixis to create a series of pen drawings illustrating the music dramas of Richard Wagner. Here he proved himself very much a master student of Kaulbach. His large oil paintings show the influence of the elegant and sentimental manner of Arthur von Ramberg. He was also known for the invention of the process known as Pixis painting (Pixis-Patentmalerei). With the aid of photographs, oil paintings could be reproduced more easily. But after a few years, his complicated process was replaced by simpler methods. At the age of 76 years Theodor Pixis died in Pöcking. Today a street is named after him in Kaiserslautern.

text:
# Theodor Pixis

**August Ludwig Theodor Pixis** (1 July 1831  19 July 1907) was a German painter, graphic artist, illustrator and etcher.

He was born in Kaiserslautern. After graduating from the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich in 1849, he began studying law. He soon turned to art, and became a pupil of the painters Philipp von Foltz and Wilhelm von Kaulbach. Pixis made his debut in 1854 with his painting *Coriolanus*.

Funded and supported by his teachers, Pixis left in 1856 for two years of study in Italy. In the autumn of 1858 Pixis returned to Germany and settled in Munich. One of his first major works after his return was a cycle of illustrations for the Gudrun legend. From 1859 Pixis was instrumental in the decoration of the Bavarian National Museum. At the request of Maximilian II, Pixis created three paintings from the histories of Charles X and Charles XI. From 1862 onwards there came in rapid succession many pictures which were highly praised by critics, such as *Calvin meets Servetus in prison*, as well as illustrations for a cycle of German folk songs. For the Bruckmann publishing house, Pixis created three images for the *Schiller-Galerie* and four representations of the seasons. He illustrated *Paradise Lost* by John Milton, and contributed to the *Wagner-Galerie*. King Ludwig II commissioned Pixis to create a series of pen drawings illustrating the music dramas of Richard Wagner. Here he proved himself very much a master student of Kaulbach. His large oil paintings show the influence of the elegant and sentimental manner of Arthur von Ramberg.

He was also known for the invention of the process known as Pixis painting (*Pixis-Patentmalerei*). With the aid of photographs, oil paintings (old and new masters) could be reproduced more easily. But after a few years, his complicated process was replaced by simpler methods.

At the age of 76 years Theodor Pixis died in Pöcking. Today a street is named after him in Kaiserslautern.


title: Heinig

abstract:
Heinig is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Katrin Dörre-Heinig, former athlete from Germany, who competed mainly in the marathon
  - Kurt Heinig (1886–1956), German lithograph, politician and journalist
  - Marcel Heinig, German extreme sportsman who has his greatest success in decatriathlons
  - Stefan Heinig, CEO of the major German company KiK Textilien und Non-Food GmbH from Bönen (Germany)

text:
# Heinig

**Heinig** is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Katrin Dörre-Heinig (born 1961), former athlete from Germany, who competed mainly in the marathon
* Kurt Heinig (1886–1956), German lithograph, politician and journalist
* Marcel Heinig (born 1981), German extreme sportsman who has his greatest success in decatriathlons
* Stefan Heinig (born 1962), CEO of the major German company KiK Textilien und Non-Food GmbH from Bönen (Germany)


# Meteorological history of Hurricane Andrew

Hurricane Andrew lasted from mid to late August 1992. The hurricane developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on August 14. Tracking westward due to a ridge, favorable conditions allowed it to develop into Tropical Depression Three on August 16 in the deep tropical Atlantic Ocean. The cyclone gradually intensified, becoming a tropical storm on August 17. However, wind shear soon impacted the storm, causing significant increases in barometric pressure and nearly destroying its low-level circulation by August 20. Wind shear sharply decreased starting on August 21, and with warm sea surface temperatures, Andrew began rapid deepening, starting on the following day. By August 23, Andrew peaked as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale while approaching The Bahamas.

The cyclone weakened slightly before making landfall on Eleuthera later that day and the Berry Islands early on August 24. However, the storm then rapidly, but briefly restrengthened into a Category 5 hurricane, and was at that intensity when it struck Elliott Key and just south of Homestead, Florida on August 24. Andrew weakened while crossing Florida, but only reduced to a Category 4 hurricane while it emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. The storm re-intensified slightly in the Gulf, causing it to maintain its status as a Category 4 hurricane. Early on August 26, Andrew weakened slightly to a low-end Category 3 hurricane before making landfall near Morgan City, Louisiana. Once inland, the cyclone rapidly weakened, and less than 24 hours after landfall, Andrew was merely a tropical depression. It continued northeastward across the Southern United States, becoming extratropical on August 28, before merging with a frontal system on August 29, while centered over the southern Appalachian Mountains.

## Origins

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 14. Under the influence of a ridge of high pressure to its north, the wave tracked quickly westward. An area of convection developed along the wave axis to the south of the Cape Verde islands, and on August 15 meteorologists began classifying the system with the Dvorak technique. The thunderstorm activity became more concentrated, and narrow spiral rainbands developed around a developing center of circulation. Based on a Dvorak T-number of 2.0, it is estimated Tropical Depression Three developed late on August 16 about 1,630 miles (2,620 km) east-southeast of Barbados.

Embedded within the deep easterlies, the depression tracked west-northwestward at 20 miles per hour (32 km/h). Initially, moderate wind shear prevented strengthening, though a decrease in shear allowed the depression to intensify into Tropical Storm Andrew at around 1200 UTC on August 17. By early on August 18, the storm maintained concentrated convection near the center with spiral bands to its west as the winds increased to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). Shortly thereafter the thunderstorms decreased markedly during the diurnal minimum, and as the storm turned to the northwest increased southwesterly wind shear from an upper-level low prevented Andrew from maintaining deep convection.

On August 19, a Hurricane Hunters flight into the storm failed to locate a well-defined center, and the next day a flight found that the cyclone had degenerated to the extent that only a diffuse low-level circulation center remained; observations indicated the pressure rose to an unusually high 1015 mbar. The flight indicated Andrew maintained a vigorous circulation aloft, with winds of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) recorded at flight level. Subsequently, the upper-level low weakened and split into a trough, which decreased the wind shear over the storm. Simultaneously, a strong high pressure cell developed over the southeastern United States, which built eastward and caused Andrew to turn to the west. Convection became more organized as upper-level outflow became better established. An eye formed, and Andrew attained hurricane status early on August 22, while located about 650 miles (1,050 km) east-southeast of Nassau, Bahamas.

## Bahamas and Florida

Six hours after becoming a hurricane, Andrew was predicted to make landfall near Jupiter, Florida with winds of 105 miles per hour (169 km/h). The hurricane accelerated as it tracked due westward into an area of very favorable conditions, and late on August 22 began rapidly intensifying; in a 24‑hour period the pressure dropped 47 mbar to a minimum pressure of 922 mbar. On August 23 the cyclone attained Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, and at 18:00 UTC, Hurricane Andrew reached peak winds of 175 miles per hour (282 km/h), while located a short distance off Eleuthera island in the Bahamas. Operationally, the National Hurricane Center assessed its peak intensity as 150 miles per hour (240 km/h), which was upgraded to 155 miles per hour (249 km/h) in a post-analysis after the season ended; the hurricane was later re-classified as a Category 5 hurricane. The highest reported wind gust was 140 miles per hour (230 km/h) on Harbour Island, although the recording equipment failed after the reading. The hurricane also produced a storm surge of 23 feet (7.0 m) in northwestern Eleuthera.

Hurricane Andrew was a small tropical cyclone, with winds of 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) extending out only about 90 miles (140 km) from its center. Subsequent to peaking in intensity, the hurricane underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, and at 21:00 UTC on August 23, Hurricane Andrew struck Eleuthera as a Category 5 hurricane, with winds of 160 miles per hour (260 km/h). The cyclone weakened further while crossing the Bahama Banks, and at 01:00 UTC on August 24, Andrew made landfall on the southern Berry Islands of the Bahamas as a Category 4 hurricane, with winds of 150 miles per hour (240 km/h). As it crossed over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream in the Straits of Florida, the hurricane rapidly re-intensified, as the eye decreased in size and its eyewall convection deepened. At 08:40 UTC on August 24, Andrew struck Elliott Key as a Category 5 hurricane, with winds of 165 miles per hour (266 km/h) and a central pressure of 926 mbar. About 25 minutes after its first Florida landfall, Andrew hit just northeast of Homestead with a slightly lower pressure of 922 mbar. A recording station at the National Hurricane Center recorded a peak gust of 163 miles per hour (262 km/h), and sustained winds peaked at 126 miles per hour (203 km/h) in Tamiami.

As the eye moved onshore Florida, the convection in the eyewall strengthened, owing to increased convergence, and Hurricane Hunters reported a warmer eyewall temperature than two hours prior. However, Hurricane Andrew weakened as the eye continued further inland, and after crossing southern Florida in four hours, the eye emerged into the Gulf of Mexico with winds of 135 miles per hour (217 km/h), at Category 4 intensity.

## Final landfall and dissipation

In the Gulf of Mexico, the eye remained well-defined as the hurricane turned to the west-northwest, a change due to the weakening of the ridge to its north. Andrew steadily re-intensified over the Gulf of Mexico, reaching winds of 145 miles per hour (233 km/h) by late on August 25. As the high pressure system to its north weakened, a strong mid-latitude trough approached the area from the northwest. This caused the hurricane to decelerate to the northwest, and winds decreased as Andrew approached the Gulf Coast of the United States. At 08:30 UTC on August 26 the cyclone made its final landfall in a sparsely populated area of Louisiana about 20 miles (32 km) west-southwest of Morgan City with winds of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h).

Hurricane Andrew weakened rapidly as it turned to the north and northeast, and within ten hours weakened to a tropical storm. After entering Mississippi, the cyclone deteriorated to tropical depression status early on August 27. Accelerating northeastward, the tropical depression began merging with the approaching frontal system, and by midday on August 28, Andrew ceased to meet the qualifications of a tropical cyclone while located over the southern Appalachian Mountains. The remnants continued to the northeast and began losing its identity within the frontal zone over the Mid-Atlantic states, merging with another frontal system and the remnants of Hurricane Lester on August 29, over Pennsylvania.

## Reanalysis and statistics

| **Most intense landfalling tropical cyclones in the United States**
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rank | System | Season | Landfall pressure |
| 1 | "Labor Day" | 1935 | 892 mbar (hPa) |
| 2 | Camille | 1969 | 900 mbar (hPa) |
| | Yutu | | 2018 |
| 4 | Michael | 2018 | 919 mbar (hPa) |
| 5 | Katrina | 2005 | 920 mbar (hPa) |
| | Maria | | 2017 |
| 7 | Andrew | 1992 | 922 mbar (hPa) |
| 8 | "Indianola" | 1886 | 925 mbar (hPa) |
| 9 | "Guam" | 1900 | 926 mbar (hPa) |
| 10 | "Florida Keys" | 1919 | 927 mbar (hPa) |
| Source: HURDAT, Hurricane
Research Division | | | |

In 2002, the *Atlantic Basin Hurricane Database Reanalysis Project* examined Hurricane Andrew and this corridor of extreme winds embedded within Andrew's northern eyewall. The project concluded that Category 5 conditions on land occurred only in a small region of southern Dade (now Miami-Dade) County, specifically close to the coast in Cutler Ridge. The remaining areas affected by Andrew's initial landfall in Florida likely experienced sustained Category 4 and 3 hurricane conditions. Andrew was officially re-classified as a Category 5 storm in 2004, and the reanalysis provided a more comprehensive and detailed examination of Andrew's wind field structure upon landfall than originally assessed in 1992.

Andrew's peak winds in South Florida were not directly measured, primarily because of the destruction or failure of measuring instruments. The Coastal Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) station at Fowey Rocks, with platform elevation of 141 feet (43 m), in its last transmission at 4:30 a.m. EDT, August 24, recorded an 8-minute average wind of 142 miles per hour (229 km/h) with a peak gust of 169 miles per hour (272 km/h) shortly before the equipment was destroyed. It is probable that higher winds occurred at Fowey Rocks after the station was destroyed. The highest recorded surface gust, within Andrew's northern eyewall, occurred at the home of a resident about a mile from the shoreline in Perrine, Florida. During the peak of the storm, a gust of 212 miles per hour (341 km/h) was observed before both the home and anemometer were destroyed. Subsequent wind-tunnel testing at Clemson University of the same type of anemometer revealed a 16.5% error. The observed value was officially corrected to be 177 miles per hour (285 km/h).

Another important wind speed report came from the Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport, located nine miles (14 km) west of the shoreline. While weather observations had been suspended at the station, the official weather observer there stayed on duty and continued to make wind speed readings. At 4:45 a.m. EDT, August 24, he noted that the wind speed indicator was "pegged" at a position a little beyond the instrument's highest value of 100 kt (115 mph; 185 km/h), at a point he estimated to be around 110 kt (127 mph; 204 km/h). The needle reportedly remained "fixed" at this location for 3–5 minutes before dropping to "0" when the anemometer failed. These observations were closely corroborated by two other observers. He also indicated that the weather conditions continued to worsen for an additional 30 minutes after the anemometer failed. It is probable that much stronger winds occurred at this location.

## InfoBox

Hurricane Andrew
| The path of Hurricane Andrew | |
| --- | --- |
| Meteorological history | |
| Formed | August 16, 1992 |
| Extratropical | August 28, 1992 |
| Dissipated | August 29, 1992 |
| Category 5 major hurricane | |
| *1-minute sustained* (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 175 mph (280 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 922 mbar (hPa); 27.23 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Areas affected | The Bahamas, Southern United States, Mid-Atlantic states |
| ---  Part of the **1992 Atlantic hurricane season** | |
| **General** **Effects**
**Other wikis** | |


abstract: The Parliamentarian of the United States Senate is the official advisor to the United States Senate on the interpretation of Standing Rules of the United States Senate and parliamentary procedure. Incumbent parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough has held the office since 2012, appointed by then-Senate majority leader Harry Reid. As the Presiding officer of the Senate may not be, and usually is not, aware of the parliamentary situation currently facing the Senate, a parliamentary staff sits second from the left on the Senate dais to advise the presiding officer on how to respond to inquiries and motions from senators. The role of the parliamentary staff is advisory, and the presiding officer or Senate may overrule the advice of the Parliamentarian. In practice, this is rare; the most recent example of a Vice President overruling the parliamentarian was Nelson Rockefeller in 1975. That ruling was extremely controversial, to such an extent that the leaders of both parties immediately met and agreed that they did not want this precedent to stand, so the next week the Senate altered the rule under consideration via standard procedure. The Senate majority leader may also fire the parliamentarian, as occurred in 2001 during a dispute between parliamentarian Robert Dove and Majority Leader Trent Lott.

text:
# Parliamentarian of the United States Senate

The **Parliamentarian of the United States Senate** is the official advisor to the United States Senate on the interpretation of Standing Rules of the United States Senate and parliamentary procedure. Incumbent parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough has held the office since 2012, appointed by then-Senate majority leader Harry Reid.

As the Presiding officer of the Senate may not be, and usually is not, aware of the parliamentary situation currently facing the Senate, a parliamentary staff sits second from the left on the Senate dais to advise the presiding officer on how to respond to inquiries and motions from senators (including "the Sergeant at Arms will restore order in the gallery"). The role of the parliamentary staff is advisory, and the presiding officer or Senate may overrule the advice of the Parliamentarian. In practice, this is rare; the most recent example of a Vice President (as President of the Senate) overruling the parliamentarian was Nelson Rockefeller in 1975. That ruling was extremely controversial, to such an extent that the leaders of both parties immediately met and agreed that they did not want this precedent to stand, so the next week the Senate altered the rule under consideration via standard procedure. The Senate majority leader may also fire the parliamentarian, as occurred in 2001 during a dispute between parliamentarian Robert Dove and Majority Leader Trent Lott.

## Overview

An important role of the parliamentarian is to decide what can and cannot be done under the Senate's budget reconciliation process under the provisions of the Byrd Rule. These rulings are important because they allow certain bills to be approved by a simple majority, instead of the sixty votes needed to end debate and overcome a filibuster.

The office also refers bills to appropriate committees on behalf of the Senate's presiding officer, and referees efforts by the ruling party to change the Senate rules by rulings from the chair. The parliamentarian is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Senate majority leader. Traditionally, the parliamentarian is chosen from senior staff in the parliamentarian office, which helps ensure consistency in the application of the Senate's complex rules. The last two parliamentarians have served under both Republican and Democratic Senate leaders.

The parliamentarian's salary is $203,700 per year, as of 2022.

## List of parliamentarians

The following individuals have served as Senate parliamentarian:

| No. | Years | Parliamentarian |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1935–1964 | Charles L. Watkins |
| 2 | 1964–1974 | Floyd M. Riddick |
| 3 | 1974–1981 | Murray Zweben |
| 4 | 1981–1987 | Robert Dove |
| 5 | 1987–1995 | Alan Frumin |
| 6 | 1995–2001 | Robert Dove |
| 7 | 2001–2012 | Alan Frumin |
| 8 | 2012–present | Elizabeth MacDonough |

There have only been six Senate parliamentarians since the role was founded, with Dove and Frumin each serving two non-consecutive terms.

## InfoBox

| Parliamentarian of the
United States Senate | |
| --- | --- |
| Seal of the United States Senate | |
| Incumbent
Elizabeth MacDonough
since 2012 | |
| United States Senate | |
| Type | Parliamentarian |
| Member of | Senate Dais |
| Appointer | Senate Majority Leader |
| Term length | Serves at the pleasure of the Majority Leader |
| Constituting instrument | Standing Rules of the United States Senate |
| Formation | 1935 |
| First holder | Charles L. Watkins |
| Salary | $203,700 |


title: Highlow Brook

abstract: Highlow Brook is a stream in the civil parish of Highlow in the Derbyshire Peak District. The stream is a tributaries of the River Derwent, flowing southeast from the river, south of Hathersage, before meeting the Bretton Brook in Abney.

text:
# Highlow Brook

**Highlow Brook** is a stream in the civil parish of Highlow in the Derbyshire Peak District. The stream is a tributaries of the River Derwent, flowing southeast from the river, south of Hathersage, before meeting the Bretton Brook in Abney.

53°18′51″N 1°40′00″W / 53.31417°N 1.66667°W / 53.31417; -1.66667

## InfoBox

| Highlow Brook | |
| --- | --- |
| Highlow Brook | |
| Location | |
| Country | England |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | River Derwent |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Bretton Brook |


title: Ngarango Otainui Island

abstract: Ngarango Otainui Island is an Island privately owned by Arzan Hajee and Arif Hajee. It is situated in the Manukau Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand. The Island is 5 km from the Auckland Airport and 10 km from Auckland CBD. It can be visible from One Tree Hill. The land area is approx. 3288 square meters. This is one of the smallest privately owned Islands in New Zealand. The island, traditionally known as Ngā Rango e Rua o Tainui, is known as the final resting place of the skids which were used to transport the Tainui migratory canoe across Te Tō Waka, the Ōtāhuhu portage.

text:
# Ngarango Otainui Island

**Ngarango Otainui Island** is an Island privately owned by Arzan Hajee and Arif Hajee. It is situated in the Manukau Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand. The Island is 5 km from the Auckland Airport and 10 km from Auckland CBD (as the crow flies). It can be visible from One Tree Hill. The land area is approx. 3288 square meters. This is one of the smallest privately owned Islands in New Zealand.

The island, traditionally known as Ngā Rango e Rua o Tainui, is known as the final resting place of the skids which were used to transport the *Tainui* migratory canoe across Te Tō Waka, the Ōtāhuhu portage.

## InfoBox

Ngarango Otainui Island
| Native name: Ngā Rango e Rua o Tainui | |
| --- | --- |
| Ngarango Otainui Island in 2008 | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Auckland |
| Coordinates | 36°56′20″S 174°49′12″E / 36.93883°S 174.82011°E / -36.93883; 174.82011 |
| Adjacent to | Māngere Inlet, Manukau Harbour |
| Highest elevation | 13 m (43 ft) |
| Administration | |
| **New Zealand** | |


title: Princess Elizabeth Stakes

abstract: The Princess Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile and 113 yards, and it is scheduled to take place each year in early June.

text:
# Princess Elizabeth Stakes

Princess Elizabeth Stakes
| 2024 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Breege | Chic Colombine | Royal Dress |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Prosperous Voyage | Random Harvest | Astral Beau |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bashkirova | Potapova | Roman Mist |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Parent's Prayer | Nazuna | Statement |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Summer Romance | Cloak Of Spirits | Rose Of Kildare |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Anna Nerium | Awesometank | Veracious |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Wilamina | Anna Nerium | Shenanigans |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Laugh Aloud | Absolute Blast | Tisbutadream |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Epsom Icon | Sayana | Rosie Cotton |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Arabian Queen | Crowley's Law | Odeliz |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Thistle Bird | Odeliz | Just The Judge |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Thistle Bird | Gifted Girl | Ladys First |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Clinical | Joviality | Barefoot Lady |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Antara | First City | Clinical |

| 2010-2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Antara | Reggane | Pachattack |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Eva's Request | Alnadana | Spacious |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Lady Gloria | Cicerole | Enforce |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Echelon | Bahia Breeze | Nannina |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Echelon | Musicanna | Zayn Zen |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sundrop | Peeress | Secret History |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gonfilia | Kunda | Qasirah |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Aldora | Londonnetdotcom | Pearl Queen |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Kootenay | Golden Silca | Borders Belle |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sheppard's Watch | Lady Miletrian | Aunty Rose |

| 2000-1991 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Golden Silca | High Walden | Icicle |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Fairy Queen | Risque Lady | Sleepless |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Lilli Claire | Jinsiyah | Anna |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Samara | Charlotte Corday | Out West |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Donna Viola | Hagwah | Nagnagnag |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Neither Nor | Brave Revival | Brief Glimpse |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Joli's Princess | Himiko | Sumonda |

| 1990-1989 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Rafha | Spurned | La Cabrilla |
| 1989 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sharka | Sweeping | Homely Touch |
|  | | |

The **Princess Elizabeth Stakes** is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile and 113 yards (1,713 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early June.

## History

An event called the Princess Elizabeth Stakes used to be contested at Epsom in April. It was restricted to three-year-old fillies, and it served as a trial for the Oaks. For a period it held Group 3 status, but it was subsequently downgraded to Listed level. It was switched to Kempton Park in 1991, and it was discontinued in 1992. Winners of this race included Rockfel, Carrozza, Homeward Bound and Rafha.

The present version has developed from the Victress Stakes, a Listed race established in 1995. It was renamed the Princess Elizabeth Stakes in 2001, and it was promoted to Group 3 level in 2004.

The race is now held on the second day of Epsom's two-day Derby Festival meeting, the same day as the Epsom Derby.

## Records

**Most successful horse (2 wins):**

* Echelon – *2006, 2007*
* Antara – *2010, 2011*
* Thistle Bird - *2013, 2014*

**Leading jockey (7 wins):**

* Frankie Dettori*Fairy Queen (1999), Gonfilia (2004), Sundrop (2005), Antara (2010, 2011), Wilamina (2018), Prosperous Voyage (2023)*

**Leading trainer (5 wins):**

* Saeed bin Suroor*Fairy Queen (1999), Gonfilia (2004), Sundrop (2005), Antara (2010, 2011)*

## Winners

| **Year**
 | **Winner**
 | **Age**
 | **Jockey**
 | **Trainer**
 | **Time**
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | Aim For The Top | 3 | Walter Swinburn | Michael Stoute | 1:51.74 |
| 1989 | Sharka | 3 | Steve Cauthen | Henry Cecil | 1:53.85 |
| 1990 | Rafha | 3 | Steve Cauthen | Henry Cecil | 1:47.52 |
| 1991 | Joli's Princess | 3 | Willie Carson | Mick Ryan | 1:41.20 |
| 1995 | Neither Nor | 6 | Gary Carter | D. A. Wilson | 1:43.34 |
| 1996 | Donna Viola | 4 | Wendyll Woods | Chris Wall | 1:42.62 |
| 1997 | Samara | 4 | Pat Eddery | John Dunlop | 1:44.21 |
| 1998 | Lilli Claire | 5 | Tim Sprake | David Elsworth | 1:47.31 |
| 1999 | Fairy Queen | 3 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | 1:47.69 |
| 2000 | Golden Silca | 4 | Steve Drowne | Mick Channon | 1:47.40 |
| 2001 | Sheppard's Watch | 3 | Martin Dwyer | Marcus Tregoning | 1:45.42 |
| 2002 | Kootenay | 3 | Pat Eddery | John Dunlop | 1:48.92 |
| 2003 | Aldora | 4 | Martin Dwyer | Mick Ryan | 1:44.23 |
| 2004 | Gonfilia | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | 1:45.61 |
| 2005 | Sundrop | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | 1:50.27 |
| 2006 | Echelon | 4 | Kieren Fallon | Sir Michael Stoute | 1:45.59 |
| 2007 | Echelon | 5 | Kerrin McEvoy | Sir Michael Stoute | 1:47.67 |
| 2008 | Lady Gloria | 4 | Tom Queally | James Given | 1:44.69 |
| 2009 | Eva's Request | 4 | Edward Creighton | Mick Channon | 1:43.84 |
| 2010 | Antara | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | 1:42.78 |
| 2011 | Antara | 5 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | 1:43.72 |
| 2012 | Clinical | 4 | Luke Morris | Sir Mark Prescott | 1:43.84 |
| 2013 | Thistle Bird | 5 | James Doyle | Roger Charlton | 1:46.90 |
| 2014 | Thistle Bird | 6 | James Doyle | Roger Charlton | 1:42.65 |
| 2015 | Arabian Queen | 3 | Silvestre de Sousa | David Elsworth | 1:43.02 |
| 2016 | Epsom Icon | 3 | Silvestre de Sousa | Mick Channon | 1:47.29 |
| 2017 | Laugh Aloud | 4 | James Doyle | John Gosden | 1:41.54 |
| 2018 | Wilamina | 5 | Frankie Dettori | Martyn Meade | 1:44.30 |
| 2019 | Anna Nerium | 4 | Tom Marquand | Richard Hannon Jr. | 1:40.82 |
| 2020 | Summer Romance | 3 | William Buick | Charlie Appleby | 1:44.71 |
| 2021 | Parent's Prayer | 4 | Oisin Murphy | Archie Watson | 1:44.25 |
| 2022 | Bashkirova | 4 | Tom Marquand | William Haggas | 1:43.06 |
| 2023 | Prosperous Voyage | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Ralph Beckett | 1:43.60 |
| 2024 | Breege | 4 | Jason Hart | John & Sean Quinn | 1:46.32 |

---

## InfoBox

Princess Elizabeth Stakes
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Epsom Downs
Epsom, England |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Cazoo |
| Website | Epsom Downs |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1m 113y (1,713 metres) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-years-old and up
fillies & mares |
| Weight | 8 st 8 lb (3yo);
9 st 6 lb (4yo+)
**Penalties**
7 lb for Group 1 winners *
5 lb for Group 2 winners *
3 lb for Group 3 winners *
* *since August 31 last year* |
| Purse | 100,000 *(2022)*
**1st:** £56,710 |


title: Moses Housepian

abstract: Moses Minas Housepian was a Syrian-born Armenian-American physician and humanitarian aid worker.

text:
# Moses Housepian

**Moses Minas Housepian** (Armenian: Մովսես Մինասի Հովսեփյան, 1876 – December 11, 1952) was a Syrian-born Armenian-American physician and humanitarian aid worker.

## Biography

Moses Minas Housepian was born in 1876 in Kessab, Cilicia, Ottoman Empire (now Syria). He escaped the Hamidian massacres in his youth. He graduated from Long Island College Hospital (LICH) in 1905.

He later headed a humanitarian medical mission in Russian Armenia from 1916 to 1918 treating refugees from the Armenian genocide. He is credited with stopping the spread of a typhus epidemic and was known as the "Angel of Mercy", and as "Dr. Purgich" (English: *"Dr. Saviour"*).

Housepian was active in the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, whose chapter in New York City was posthumously named for him. His wife, Makrouhie Housepian (née Ashjian), was active in the Armenian General Benevolent Union and other Armenian causes. Moses and Makrouhie Housepian were the parents of Marjorie Housepian Dobkin and Edgar Housepian.

Housepian died on December 11, 1952, in New York City.

## InfoBox

| Moses Minas Housepian | |
| --- | --- |
| Մովսես Մինասի Հովսեփյան | |
| Housepian (1916) | |
| Born | 1876
Kessab, Cilicia, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | December 11, 1952(1952-12-11) (aged 75–76)
New York City, New York |
| Other names | Movses Housepian |
| Alma mater | Long Island College Hospital |
| Known for | physician, humanitarian aid worker |
| Spouse | Makrouhie Ashjian |
| Children | Edgar Housepian,
Marjorie Housepian Dobkin |


title: Myripristis pralinia

abstract: Myripristis pralinia, the scarlet soldierfish, is a nocturnal species of soldierfish from the genus Myripristis. It can be found in the Indo-Pacific region, from East Africa to the Marquesas Islands and the Gambier Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands and south to New Caledonia. It can also be found on the Marshall Islands and the Mariana Islands. It can be found in small, loose groups in caves or under ledges in reef flats, lagoons and outer reef slopes. It feeds on plankton.

text:
# Myripristis pralinia

***Myripristis pralinia***, the **scarlet soldierfish**, is a nocturnal species of soldierfish from the genus *Myripristis*. It can be found in the Indo-Pacific region, from East Africa to the Marquesas Islands and the Gambier Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands and south to New Caledonia. It can also be found on the Marshall Islands and the Mariana Islands. It can be found in small, loose groups in caves or under ledges in reef flats, lagoons and outer reef slopes. It feeds on plankton.

## InfoBox

| *Myripristis pralinia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Holocentriformes |
| Family: | Holocentridae |
| Genus: | *Myripristis* |
| Species: | ***M. pralinia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myripristis pralinia***
(G. Cuvier, 1829) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Holocentrus pralinius* Cuvier, 1829
*Ostichthys pralinius* Cuvier, 1829
*Myripistis kuim* Montrouzier, 1857
*Myripristis bleekeri* Günther, 1859 *Myripistis sanguineus* Seale & Jordan, 1872
*Ostichthys spinicpes* Herre, 1908 | |


title: The Verdict of Lake Balaton

abstract: The Verdict of Lake Balaton is a 1933 Hungarian drama film directed by Pál Fejös and starring Antal Páger, Ernõ Elekes and Gyula Csortos. An English-language version, a German-language version Judgment of Lake Balaton and a French-language version (Tempêtes) were also released.

text:
# The Verdict of Lake Balaton

***The Verdict of Lake Balaton*** (Hungarian: ***Ítél a Balaton***) is a 1933 Hungarian drama film directed by Pál Fejös and starring Antal Páger, Ernõ Elekes and Gyula Csortos. An English-language version, a German-language version *Judgment of Lake Balaton* (*Menschen im Sturm*) and a French-language version (*Tempêtes*) were also released.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Buranbaeva, Oksana & Mladineo, Vanja. *Culture and Customs of Hungary*. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
* Burns, Bryan. *World Cinema: Hungary*. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996.
* Cunningham, John. *Hungarian Cinema: From Coffee House to Multiplex*. Wallflower Press, 2004.

## InfoBox

| The Verdict of Lake Balaton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Pál Fejös |
| Written by | Serge Plaute |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | István Eiben |
| Music by | Viktor Vaszy |
| Production<br>company | Osso Film |
| Release date | * 2 March 1933 (1933-03-02) |
| Country | Hungary |
| Language | Hungarian |


title: Hazen, North Dakota

abstract: Hazen is a city in Mercer County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 2,281 at the 2020 census. Hazen was founded in 1913. Hazen has a K–12 school system. It is located about fifteen minutes south of Lake Sakakawea, the largest lake in North Dakota and the third largest man-made lake in the United States.

text:
# Hazen, North Dakota

**Hazen** is a city in Mercer County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 2,281 at the 2020 census. Hazen was founded in 1913. Hazen has a K–12 school system.

It is located about fifteen minutes south of Lake Sakakawea, the largest lake in North Dakota and the third largest man-made lake in the United States.

## History

A post office has been in operation at Hazen since 1885. A. D. Hazen, an early postmaster, gave the settlement its name. Hazen was laid out in 1913, when the railroad was extended to that point. The Fred Krause House, now on the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1916.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.27 square miles (3.29 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | 520 |  |  |
| 1930 | 689 |  | 32.5% |
| 1940 | 662 |  | −3.9% |
| 1950 | 1,230 |  | 85.8% |
| 1960 | 1,222 |  | −0.7% |
| 1970 | 1,240 |  | 1.5% |
| 1980 | 2,365 |  | 90.7% |
| 1990 | 2,818 |  | 19.2% |
| 2000 | 2,457 |  | −12.8% |
| 2010 | 2,411 |  | −1.9% |
| 2020 | 2,281 |  | −5.4% |
| 2022 (est.) | 2,279 |  | −0.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2020 Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,411 people, 1,020 households, and 742 families living in the city. The population density was 1,898.4 inhabitants per square mile (733.0/km2). There were 1,074 housing units at an average density of 845.7 per square mile (326.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 0.4% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 1,020 households, of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.3% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.75.

The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 35.8% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,457 people, 937 households, and 684 families living in the city. The population density was 1,981.6 inhabitants per square mile (765.1/km2). There were 1,131 housing units at an average density of 912.2 per square mile (352.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.07% White, 0.12% African American, 1.75% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.

The top 6 ancestry groups in the city are German (71.7%), Norwegian (18.4%), Russian (9.4%), Irish (8.8%), English (6.0%), Swedish (4.0%).

There were 937 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.1% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,028, and the median income for a family was $55,859. Males had a median income of $46,792 versus $23,011 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,908. About 2.8% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 22.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Hazen High School

## Transportation

Hazen Busing provides dial-a-ride transit service in the city. The service operates on weekdays from 8am to 4pm.

## Notable natives

## InfoBox

| Hazen, North Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Post office in Hazen | |
| Motto: "The Heart of Sakakawea South Shore" | |
| Location of Hazen, North Dakota | |
| Coordinates: 47°17′56″N 101°37′33″W / 47.29889°N 101.62583°W / 47.29889; -101.62583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Dakota |
| County | Mercer |
| Founded | 1913 |
| Government | |
| Commission President | Jerry Obenauer |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.41 sq mi (3.66 km2) |
| Land | 1.41 sq mi (3.65 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,745 ft (532 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,281 |
| Estimate (2022) | 2,279 |
| Density | 1,620.03/sq mi (625.68/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 58545 |
| Area code | 701 |
| FIPS code | 38-36780 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1036089 |
| Highways | ND 200 |
| Website | hazennd.org |


title: Mesophleps bifidella

abstract: Mesophleps bifidella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on the island of Kyushu in Japan and the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The wingspan is 14.5–18.5 mm.

text:
# Mesophleps bifidella

***Mesophleps bifidella*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on the island of Kyushu in Japan and the island of Luzon in the Philippines.

The wingspan is 14.5–18.5 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Mesophleps bifidella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Mesophleps* |
| Species: | ***M. bifidella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mesophleps bifidella***<br>H.H. Li & Sattler, 2012 | |
|


title: Parliament of Åland

abstract:
The Lagting, or Lagtinget, is the parliament of Åland, an autonomous, demilitarised and unilingually Swedish-speaking territory of Finland. The Lagting has 30 seats, which makes for approximately one seat per 700 voters in 2022. Legislative work is carried out in three standing committees:
  - Committee on Legal Affairs and Culture
  - Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs
  - Committee on Social Affairs and the Local Environment

text:
# Parliament of Åland

The **Lagting**, or *Lagtinget*, is the parliament of Åland, an autonomous, demilitarised and unilingually Swedish-speaking territory of Finland. The Lagting has 30 seats, which makes for approximately one seat per 700 voters in 2022.

Legislative work is carried out in three standing committees:

* Committee on Legal Affairs and Culture
* Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs
* Committee on Social Affairs and the Local Environment

## Electoral system

The 30 members of the Parliament of Åland are elected every four years by proportional representation, with seats allocated using the d'Hondt method. The age limit for voting rights is 18 years, in addition to which Åland's right to vote in the home region is a prerequisite for the stand for election.

## Latest election

|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– |
|  | Liberals for Åland | 4,204 | 29.93 | +10.27 | 9 | +3 |
|  | Åland Centre | 2,983 | 21.24 | –6.60 | 7 | –2 |
|  | Non-aligned Coalition | 2,150 | 15.31 | +1.74 | 5 | +1 |
|  | Åland Social Democrats | 1,801 | 12.82 | +3.62 | 4 | +1 |
|  | Moderate Coalition for Åland | 1,761 | 12.54 | –1.26 | 4 | 0 |
|  | Sustainable Initiative | 720 | 5.13 | –3.20 | 1 | –1 |
|  | Future of Åland | 403 | 2.87 | –1.80 | 0 | –1 |
|  | Independent | 22 | 0.16 | New | 0 | New |
| Total | | 14,044 | 100.00 |  | 30 | 0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 14,044 | 96.64 |  | | |
| Invalid votes | | 341 | 2.35 |  | | |
| Blank votes | | 147 | 1.01 |  | | |
| Total votes | | 14,532 | 100.00 |  | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 21,279 | 68.29 |  | | |
| Source: Val | | | | | | |

## Election table (1979-2023)

| **Election** | **Seats** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | ÅC |  | ÅS | FS | ObS |  | Åfg | ÅF | MS | ÅD | Hi |
| 1979 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1983 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1987 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 4 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
| 2003 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 |  | 1 | 2 |  |  |  |
| 2007 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |
| 2011 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |
| 2015 | 7 | 7 | 5 |  | 3 |  |  | 2 | 5 | 1 |  |
| 2019 | 9 | 6 | 3 |  | 4 |  |  | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| 2023 | 7 | 9 | 4 |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Source: Ålands statistik- och utredningsbyrå | | | | | | | | | | |  |

60°05′52″N 19°56′42″E / 60.0978°N 19.9450°E / 60.0978; 19.9450

## InfoBox

| Parliament of Åland
Ålands lagting | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Leadership | |
| Speaker | Ingrid Zetterman, Liberals
since 3 November 2023 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 30 |
|  | |
| Political groups | **Government (20)*** Liberals (9) * Centre (7) * Social Democrats (4)  **Opposition (10)** |
| Elections | |
| Last election | 15 October 2023 |
| Meeting place | |
|  | |
| Mariehamn | |
| Website | |
| www.lagtinget.ax | |


title: High Hopes Tour

abstract: The High Hopes Tour was a concert tour by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band with special guest guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine. The tour was seen as a continuation of his previous tour and was in support of eighteenth studio album, High Hopes, which was released in January 2014. Longtime E Street Band guitarist Steven Van Zandt missed most of the tour's North American leg due to the filming of his television series, Lilyhammer, while Patti Scialfa appeared on a few North American dates. 182 songs were performed on the High Hopes Tour and Springsteen announced at the tour's conclusion the band would be taking a break for the remainder of the year.

text:
# High Hopes Tour

The **High Hopes Tour** was a concert tour by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band with special guest guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine. The tour was seen as a continuation of his previous tour and was in support of eighteenth studio album, *High Hopes*, which was released in January 2014.

Longtime E Street Band guitarist Steven Van Zandt missed most of the tour's North American leg due to the filming of his television series, *Lilyhammer*, while Patti Scialfa appeared on a few North American dates. 182 songs were performed on the *High Hopes Tour* and Springsteen announced at the tour's conclusion the band would be taking a break for the remainder of the year.

## Background

Springsteen's manager, Jon Landau, said in a statement that the band's shows in Australia earlier in 2013 were among the best and most satisfying of the 128-date *Wrecking Ball Tour*. Landau further stated the 2014 tour had been in the works since the previous Australian leg, in large part due to its success and huge response from younger fans. A goal was to expand the number of places the band performed to include Perth and Adelaide, two places Springsteen had never performed, and Auckland, where Springsteen had not performed in over a decade. During the previous Australian tour, Tom Morello stood in for Steven Van Zandt, who was absent due to filming of his television series, *Lilyhammer*. Springsteen told *Rolling Stone* that he had written and recorded a substantial amount of new music with the E Street Band and Morello. That material, along with others, would eventually make up the *High Hopes* album.

Initial tour dates in Australia and New Zealand were announced on August 15, 2013, with additional dates announced over the ensuing months. Subsequently, on October 28, 2013, Springsteen's management announced additional concerts in South Africa. The tour was the first time Springsteen and the E Street Band played in South Africa; their only prior performances in Africa occurred during the Human Rights Now! Tour in 1988, which visited Zimbabwe and Ivory Coast.

## Itinerary

### Pre-tour promotion/Rehearsals

*Late Night with Jimmy Fallon* dedicated the entire show on January 14, 2014, to Springsteen and the new album. Springsteen and Fallon, who were dressed as Springsteen from the *Born in the U.S.A.* era, performed a parody song titled "Gov. Christie Traffic Jam" set to the tune of "Born to Run". The parody poked fun at the Fort Lee lane closure scandal. Fallon said he warned Christie about the skit prior to doing it because he knew it could possibly sting a bit. The E Street Band (with Patti Scialfa and minus Van Zandt, who was again filming *Lilyhammer*), along with Tom Morello, joined Springsteen throughout the show for performances of three songs from the new album. Fallon also interviewed Springsteen.

Rehearsals for the tour began in the U.S. around January 21, 2014, again without Van Zandt, who joined the band in Cape Town for final rehearsals prior to the tour's opening night. Patti Scialfa, who appeared at the U.S. rehearsals, did not tour with the band for the first two legs (Africa and Oceania) due to family commitments but rejoined the tour when it returned to the United States.

### African leg

The tour kicked off on January 26, 2014, with the first of three shows in Cape Town, South Africa. Springsteen opened with a cover of "Free Nelson Mandela" by the Special AKA. "We Are Alive" was also dedicated to Mandela later in the set. During the second show in Cape Town, Springsteen dedicated "We Shall Overcome" to Pete Seeger, who died on January 27 at the age of 94. "I lost a great friend and a great hero last night, Pete Seeger", Springsteen said before introducing the song. The third show featured a cover of "Sun City", an anti-apartheid song written by Van Zandt in 1986 and originally recorded by Artists United Against Apartheid. Springsteen had also appeared in the song's music video. Mos Def made a surprise appearance during the song's performance. Over the course of the three Cape Town shows, 57 different songs were performed. Prior to his show in Johannesburg, Springsteen reprised an occasional practice from past tours and took the stage a few hours prior to showtime to perform a brief acoustic set for early-arriving fans. The supporting act for the Johannesburg concert was South African blues guitarist Dan Patlansky.

### Oceania leg

The Oceanic leg of the tour kicked off in Perth, where Bruce and the band played for the first time ever. The schedule included stops in Adelaide and Hunter Valley, where he also had never played before; and return dates to Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. The tour concluded with two shows in Auckland, New Zealand, where Springsteen had not performed in over a decade.

During the run of the leg, several songs from the new album were premiered, including "Frankie Fell in Love" and "Hunter of Invisible Game". "The Wish" was also played for the first time ever at an E Street band show (although performed by Springsteen as an acoustic version). During many shows Bruce would incorporate cover songs from local artists. "Highway to Hell" by AC/DC proved very popular and was played on several occasions; the band was joined by Eddie Vedder twice for that song. Other covers by Australian artists included INXS ("Don't Change"), the Easybeats ("Friday on My Mind"), and the Bee Gees ("Stayin' Alive"). The shows in Hunter Valley took place at the Hope Estate, a local winery. Bruce used the opportunity to bring out some unlikely covers, "Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee" by Stick McGhee and "Spill the Wine" by Eric Burdon and War. In Auckland, he opened both shows with a cover of the Lorde song "Royals", his most up-to-date cover ever.

Springsteen reprised the practice of performing full albums in the cities he had been to during the last tour. *Born in the U.S.A.*, *Born to Run*, *Darkness on the Edge of Town* and *The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle* were played top to bottom. For the latter one Bruce and the band were joined by the string ensemble Cooper + Koo, who also were on stage during the "Stayin’ Alive" cover.

Other notable shows were the last show in Perth, where Springsteen did not play a single song from *The Rising* album, something that had not happened since its release in 2002. The show in Brisbane featured eleven songs from the first two albums, something that had never previously happened at a Springsteen show. During the shows in Auckland, Springsteen mentioned Christchurch and the recent happenings several times and dedicated songs on both nights to it.

Jake Clemons was not present at the Sydney show due to the death of his father, Clarence's brother Bill, earlier in the week.

### North American leg

Springsteen and the E Street Band, who would be minus Steven Van Zandt for most of the leg but were re-joined by Patti Scialfa, returned to North America for the first time since December 2012 by kicking off the leg in Dallas, Texas. The show was part of the March Madness Music festival and was free and to open the public, a first in over 40 years for Springsteen. As with the previous legs, Springsteen continued to open with an obscure cover song, this time Van Halen's "Jump", a reference to the NCAA men's basketball tournament's Final Four that was held at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Prior to the show in Charlotte, North Carolina, Springsteen shot a music video for the song "American Beauty".

During the North American leg, the E Street Band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Springsteen (who was inducted in 1999 as a solo artist) on April 10. Springsteen and E Street Band were joined by former members Vini Lopez and David Sancious for a three-song performance.

## Show downloads

Prior to the tour, Springsteen's management announced a new service allowing fans to download concert recordings approximately 48 hours after each show. The initial plan required fans to purchase a special $40 USB wristband, which could then be used to download a single show of the purchaser's choice. The wristband would also function as a reusable USB flash drive. Following some negative response from fans over the high cost for the wristband, Springsteen's management subsequently announced a separate cheaper option for purchasing shows directly from Springsteen's website as downloads, priced at $9.99 for MP3, and $14.99 for FLAC.

The idea of having wristbands came about through a conversation between Springsteen and Matchbox 20 singer Rob Thomas. Springsteen stated, "I think we live more in a Grateful Dead touring idea that everything you do is recorded now. And that's okay with me, you know. As a matter of fact, I believe on this tour, we're starting to do something like you can come in, you can buy a \[wrist\]band, you can get a copy of the night's show. So hopefully we're gonna do that at a really nice quality level." "We started out as being very, very controlling. Now it's just a different playing field and so it's exciting." Springsteen said.

Fans had until June 30, 2014, to purchase downloads through Springsteen's website. They would no longer be for sale following that date. All but one show were restored on November 17, 2014, upon the opening of the Bruce Springsteen Archives.

## Ticket scalping

As with Springsteen's previous tours, tickets were in high demand among fans, selling out very quickly in some areas despite many fans spending large amounts of time online only to come up with bad seats or without tickets. When tickets for Springsteen's first U.S. dates went on sale on February 14, 2014, Ticketmaster again was faced with major problems and delays. Tickets at much higher costs than face value were even available at re-sale sites such as StubHub before going on sale to the general public. Fans vented their frustration through Springsteen message boards and his Facebook page. Problems also occurred outside the United States. In Australia, fans complained of ticket scalping and scalpers re-selling for high prices. Unlike in the United States, which has admitted and tried to correct problems with scalping, the entertainment and ticketing industry of Australia claims not to have a scalper or ticket sale problem despite many complaints from fans, who blame corporate scalpers being able to find ways to get the better tickets prior to the public sale. When Springsteen first announced the Australian dates in September 2013, Frontier Touring's Michael Gudinski said more dates were being added in response to the inflated tickets flooding eBay, viagogo and other sites. Many of the tickets have been originally secured by "bots" which buy up allotments via official sellers including Ticketek and Ticketmaster. Gudinski also warned fans to not buy from these outlets that re-sell tickets because some might not be real tickets.

## Documentaries

On April 4, 2014, HBO aired *Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes*, a 30-minute documentary on the making of the *High Hopes* album, which featured footage of the band in the studio recording the album along with rehearsals for the tour. In May 2014, Sony Music Netherlands released a 45-minute documentary to YouTube titled *High Hopes In South Africa*, which documented Springsteen and the E Street Band's first concerts in South Africa.

## Springsteen's response

On May 18, 2014, prior to the tour's final show, Springsteen gave an interview for E Street Radio in which he issued his response on this tour and the previous tour:

"I just wanted to get a chance to thank all of the fans who came to all of the shows. We've had incredible audiences in Europe, South America, Africa, down under in Australia and here in the United States. Our reach has been greater than it's ever been before, the audiences have never been greater, and we're looking forward to nothing but more in the future."

## Set list

1. "High Hopes"
2. "Just Like Fire Would"
3. "Hungry Heart"
4. "No Surrender"
5. "Death to My Hometown"
6. "Spirit in the Night"
7. "Badlands"
8. "Wrecking Ball"
9. "The River"
10. "Johnny 99"
11. "The Promised Land"
12. "American Skin (41 Shots)"
13. "Because the Night"
14. "Heaven's Wall"
15. "Darlington County"
16. "Shackled and Drawn"
17. "Waitin' on a Sunny Day"
18. "The Ghost of Tom Joad"
19. "Land of Hope and Dreams"
20. "Light of Day"
21. "The Rising"
22. "Born in the U.S.A."
23. "Bobby Jean"
24. "Born to Run"
25. "Dancing in the Dark"
26. "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out"
27. "Shout"

Encore 1. "Thunder Road"

## Tour dates

List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, tickets sold, number of available tickets and amount of gross revenue
| Date | City | Country | Venue | Attendance | Revenue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Africa | | | | | | |
| January 26, 2014 | Cape Town | South Africa | Bellville Velodrome | 23,973 / 23,973 | $1,848,788 |
| January 28, 2014 | | | | | |
| January 29, 2014 | | | | | |
| February 1, 2014 | Johannesburg | | FNB Stadium | 55,385 / 55,385 | $3,409,720 |
| Oceania | | | | | | |
| February 5, 2014 | Perth | Australia | Perth Arena | 41,682 / 41,682 | $6,469,241 |
| February 7, 2014 | | | | | |
| February 8, 2014 | | | | | |
| February 11, 2014 | Adelaide | | Adelaide Entertainment Center | 18,644 / 18,644 | $3,007,786 |
| February 12, 2014 | | | | |
| February 15, 2014 | Melbourne | | AAMI Park | 62,950 / 62,950 | $9,185,208 |
| February 16, 2014 | | | | |
| February 19, 2014 | Sydney | | Allphones Arena | 17,736 / 17,736 | $2,693,911 |
| February 22, 2014 | Hunter Valley | | Hope Estate Winery | 34,338 / 34,338 | $5,418,005 |
| February 23, 2014 | | | | |
| February 26, 2014 | Brisbane | | Brisbane Entertainment Centre | 12,648 / 12,648 | $1,974,358 |
| March 1, 2014 | Auckland | New Zealand | Mount Smart Stadium | 73,958 / 73,958 | $10,221,082 |
| March 2, 2014 | | | | | |
| North America | | | | | | |
| April 6, 2014\[A\] | Dallas | United States | Reunion Park |  |  |
| April 8, 2014 | Cincinnati | | U.S. Bank Arena | 12,728 / 14,534 | $1,312,323 |
| April 12, 2014 | Virginia Beach | | Farm Bureau Live | 15,157 / 19,501 | $1,148,389 |
| April 15, 2014 | Columbus | | Nationwide Arena | 13,226 / 16,547 | $1,314,957 |
| April 17, 2014 | Nashville | | Bridgestone Arena | 14,684 / 16,550 | $1,229,977 |
| April 19, 2014 | Charlotte | | Time Warner Cable Arena | 12,372 / 13,706 | $1,316,489 |
| April 22, 2014 | Pittsburgh | | Consol Energy Center | 16,372 / 17,514 | $1,750,727 |
| April 24, 2014 | Raleigh | | PNC Arena | 12,243 / 13,456 | $1,348,630 |
| April 26, 2014 | Atlanta | | Aaron's Amphitheatre | 12,193 / 18,658 | $1,073,059 |
| April 29, 2014 | Sunrise | | BB&T Center | 14,327 / 18,859 | $1,434,757 |
| May 1, 2014 | Tampa | | MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre | 14,207 / 19,128 | $1,114,737 |
| May 3, 2014\[B\] | New Orleans | | Fair Grounds Race Course |  |  |
| May 6, 2014 | The Woodlands | | Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion | 16,158 / 16,158 | $1,215,604 |
| May 13, 2014 | Albany | | Times Union Center | 14,937 / 14,937 | $1,658,178 |
| May 14, 2014 | Hershey | | Hersheypark Stadium | 28,398 / 30,261 | $2,984,798 |
| May 17, 2014 | Uncasville | | Mohegan Sun Arena | 15,716 / 15,716 | $1,798,990 |
| May 18, 2014 | | | | |
| **TOTAL** | | | | **554,032 / 586,839 (94.6%)** | **$64,929,714** |

**Festivals and other miscellaneous performances** **A** This concert was part of the "March Madness Music Fest" **B** This concert was part of the "New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival"

## Songs performed

Originals/studio tracks   Non-album cover songs

Source:

## Supporting acts

## Personnel

### The E Street Band

* Bruce Springsteen — lead vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, harmonica, piano
* Roy Bittan — piano, synthesizer, accordion
* Nils Lofgren — rhythm guitar, lead guitar, pedal steel guitar, acoustic guitar, accordion, background vocals
* Patti Scialfa \- background vocals, some duet vocals, acoustic guitar, occasional tambourine (missed first two legs due to family commitments, appearing on select North American dates)
* Garry Tallent — bass guitar, background vocals, rare tuba
* Steven Van Zandt — rhythm guitar, lead guitar, mandolin, acoustic guitar, background vocals, occasional featured lead vocal (missed all but the final two dates on the North American tour due to filming of his television show)
* Max Weinberg — drums, rare tambourine

and

with

The E Street Horns:

* Jake Clemons — saxophone, percussion, background vocals
* Barry Danielian — trumpet, percussion
* Clark Gayton — trombone, tuba, percussion
* Eddie Manion — saxophone, percussion
* Curt Ramm — trumpet, percussion

The E Street Choir:

### Guest musicians/appearances

## InfoBox

High Hopes Tour
| Tour by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Associated album | *High Hopes* |
| Start date | January 26, 2014 (2014-01-26) |
| End date | May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18) |
| Legs | 3 |
| No. of shows | 34 |
| Box office | $65 million |
| Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band concert chronology | |


title: Pristurus mazbah

abstract: Pristurus mazbah is a species of lizard in the Sphaerodactylidae family found in Yemen.

text:
# Pristurus mazbah

***Pristurus mazbah*** is a species of lizard in the Sphaerodactylidae family found in Yemen.

## InfoBox

| *Pristurus mazbah* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Sphaerodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Pristurus* |
| Species: | ***P. mazbah*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pristurus mazbah***
Al Safadi, 1989 | |
|


title: Knox County Airport

abstract: Knox County Airport is five miles southwest of Mount Vernon, in Knox County, Ohio.

text:
# Knox County Airport

**Knox County Airport** (FAA LID: **4I3**) is five miles southwest of Mount Vernon, in Knox County, Ohio.

## Facilities

Knox County Airport covers 386 acres (156 ha) at an elevation of 1,192 feet (363 m). Its one runway, 10/28, is 5,504 x 100 ft (1,678 x 30 m) asphalt.

The airport has a fixed-base operator that sells fuel.

In 2023, the airport announced plans to add hangar space and a new building to house snow removal equipment.

In the year ending August 2, 2023, the airport had 24,150 aircraft operations, average 66 per day: 97% general aviation, 2% air taxi and \<1% military. 75 aircraft were then based at the airport: 71 single-engine and 3 multi-engine airplanes and 1 jet.

## Accidents and incidents

* On March 27, 2002, a Robinson R-22 helicopter was substantially damaged while landing at the Knox County Airport. The pilot was attempting to land at the airport after a solo flight. When the aircraft touched down, it bounced, and the pilot lost directional control. The helicopter touched down a second time, began to spin to the left, and the tailboom struck a ground observer in the head. The helicopter then rolled left and came to rest on its side. The pilot recalled that he had applied full power upon the first touchdown on the pavement, "and fell victim to torque and or tail rotor thrust." The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's failure to maintain directional control while landing.
* On July 28, 2018, a Cessna 172 crashed during landing at the Knox County Airport. The pilot reported that there was smoke in the cockpit while he was trying to land, and the aircraft ignited during landing.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for 4I3 PDF, effective November 30, 2023
2. "AirNav: 4I3 - Knox County Airport". *www.airnav.com*. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
3. "Knox County Airport FBO Info & Fuel Prices at Knox County (4I3)". *FlightAware*. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
4. Pepalis, Bob. "Knox County Airport shares expansion plans on National Aviation Day". *Mount Vernon News*. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
5. "Robinson R-22 crash in Ohio (N961CL) | PlaneCrashMap.com". *planecrashmap.com*. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
6. "Accident Robinson R-22 N961CL,". *Aviation Safety Network*. Flight Safety Foundation. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
7. "OSP: No injuries reported after single-engine plane crash at Knox Co. Airport". *NBC4 WCMH-TV*. 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
8. "Pilot walks away after single-plane crash in Knox County". *10tv.com*. 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2024-01-29.

## InfoBox

| Knox County Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Knox County Airport Authority |
| Serves | Mount Vernon, Ohio |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (-5) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (-4) |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,192 ft / 363 m |
| Coordinates | 40°19′44″N 082°31′34″W / 40.32889°N 82.52611°W / 40.32889; -82.52611 |
| Map | |
| **4I3****4I3** | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  10/28 5,504 1,678 Asphalt | |
| Statistics (2023) | |
| Aircraft operations (year ending 8/2/2023) 24,150  Based aircraft 75 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Vaksdal (village)

abstract: Vaksdal is a village in Vaksdal municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern shore of the Veafjorden, across the fjord from the village of Bruvik which sits on the island of Osterøy. The European route E16 highway goes through the village, as does the Bergen Line, which stops at the Vaksdal Station. Vaksdal Church was built in the village in 1933. The 0.68-square-kilometre (170-acre) village has a population (2019) of 967 and a population density of 1,422 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,680/sq mi).

text:
# Vaksdal (village)

**Vaksdal** is a village in Vaksdal municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern shore of the Veafjorden, across the fjord from the village of Bruvik which sits on the island of Osterøy. The European route E16 highway goes through the village, as does the Bergen Line, which stops at the Vaksdal Station. Vaksdal Church was built in the village in 1933. The 0.68-square-kilometre (170-acre) village has a population (2019) of 967 and a population density of 1,422 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,680/sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Vaksdal | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| View of the village, looking south | |
| VaksdalLocation of the villageVaksdalVaksdal (Norway) | |
| Coordinates: 60°28′44″N 05°44′14″E / 60.47889°N 5.73722°E / 60.47889; 5.73722 | |
| Country | Norway |
| Region | Western Norway |
| County | Vestland |
| District | Nordhordland |
| Municipality | Vaksdal |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.68 km2 (0.26 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 53 m (174 ft) |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 967 |
| Density | 1,422/km2 (3,680/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Post Code | 5725 Vaksdal |


title: Voice FM 103.9

abstract: Voice FM is a Community Radio Station that covers Southampton, England, and surrounding areas. Their main audience is students, playing contemporary hit radio, as well as showcasing homegrown talent.

text:
# Voice FM 103.9

**Voice FM** is a Community Radio Station that covers Southampton, England, and surrounding areas. Their main audience is students, playing contemporary hit radio, as well as showcasing homegrown talent.

## Schedule

The schedule for Voice FM begins with the breakfast show each day between 7 a.m. and 10 a.m. (8–10 a.m. on weekends), followed by the mid-morning show between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., and the Drive time show from 4 p.m.

From 6 p.m., the shows turn specialist and move away from the contemporary pop. Within these hours the genres range from soul music to classic rock. Notable specialist shows include the Decades of Dance show, the Soul Train with Don Jon and the nightly Club Mix sessions.

The breakfast show features that week's playlist, as well as two "fresh" tracks and the "homegrown hit". The DriveTime Show follows the same format, but with more of an emphasis on street music. The mid-morning show continues to play the most popular chart favourites along with features such as The Birthday File, the Brainbuster and On This Day In History. On The Saturday Breakfast Show presenters attempt to break World records and mock the "contemporary" playlist with their own "Guilty Pleasure of the Week" segment.

## Notable presenters


title: The Verdict (The Jacka album)

abstract: The Verdict is a street album by American rapper The Jacka released in 2012 and is the second of a tetralogy of albums, starting with The Indictment and ending with The Appeal.

text:
# The Verdict (The Jacka album)

***The Verdict*** is a street album by American rapper The Jacka released in 2012 and is the second of a tetralogy of albums, starting with *The Indictment* and ending with *The Appeal*.

## Critical reception

Allmusic gave the album gave the album 3.5/5 stars.

## Track listing

| # | Title | length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | The Verdict I | 1:05 |
| 2 | Everyday | 3:36 |
| 3 | Time Still Tickin' (featuring Lil Rue) | 2:32 |
| 4 | OMG (featuring J. Stalin) | 2:47 |
| 5 | The Verdict II | 0:54 |
| 6 | The Rain (featuring Smigg Dirtee & Vince V) | 4:09 |
| 7 | Lets It Go | 3:38 |
| 8 | Knock Her Down (featuring Smigg Dirtee & Lil Rue) | 4:33 |
| 9 | All Around the World (featuring J. Stalin) | 3:44 |
| 10 | Here We Are (featuring 12 Gauge Shotie) | 5:49 |
| 11 | They Need That Mob S\**t (featuring Cellski & Stevie Joe) | 3:58 |
| 12 | The Verdict III | 0:19 |
| 13 | Imma King | 5:22 |

## InfoBox

| The Verdict | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Jacka | |
| Released | January 17, 2012 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 42:26 |
| Label | Siccness.net |
| Producer | * Jeffro * Vince V |
| The Jacka chronology | |
| *The Indictment*
(2011) ***The Verdict***
(2012) *The Sentence*
(2012) | |


title: Hazen-Spiller House

abstract: The Hazen-Spiller House is a historic late First Period house in Haverhill, Massachusetts. Built c. 1724 by Richard Hazen, It is a rare example of a brick house of the time, and notable for its role in early 20th century restoration activities. The 2+1⁄2-story building is made of brick laid in English bond, with end chimneys and a central hall layout. The house was acquired in 1911 by early preservationist William Taylor, who took notes detailing the buildings First Period features. In 1915 Taylor sold the house to Wallace Nutting, who undertook a "restoration" that covered over some of those features and may have destroyed others. The house was one of a series owned by Nutting and showcased in a guidebook, Chain of Picture Houses, he used to popularized colonial styles. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

text:
# Hazen-Spiller House

The **Hazen-Spiller House** is a historic late First Period house in Haverhill, Massachusetts. Built c. 1724 by Richard Hazen, It is a rare example of a brick house of the time, and notable for its role in early 20th century restoration activities. The 2+12-story building is made of brick laid in English bond, with end chimneys and a central hall layout. The house was acquired in 1911 by early preservationist William Taylor, who took notes detailing the buildings First Period features. In 1915 Taylor sold the house to Wallace Nutting, who undertook a "restoration" that covered over some of those features and may have destroyed others. The house was one of a series owned by Nutting and showcased in a guidebook, *Chain of Picture Houses*, he used to popularized colonial styles.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hazen-Spiller House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Hazen-Spiller House | |
|  | |
| Location | 8 Groveland Street,<br>Haverhill, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°47′51″N 71°1′4″W / 42.79750°N 71.01778°W / 42.79750; -71.01778 |
| Built | 1724 |
| Architectural style | Colonial |
| MPS | First Period Buildings of Eastern Massachusetts TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 90000226 |
| Added to NRHP | March 9, 1990 |