title: Fathers as attachment figures

text:
# Fathers as attachment figures

Studies have found that the father is a child's preferred attachment figure in approximately 5–20% of cases. Fathers and mothers may react differently to the same behaviour in an infant, and the infant may react to the parents' behaviour differently depending on which parent performs it.

## Theoretical perspectives

### Psychoanalytic theory

Sigmund Freud postulated that early in life, a young infant's primary attachment object would be its mother because the mother fulfills the infant's oral desires through feeding. However, he believed that the father begins to play an important role in development when the child enters the phallic stage of development, which generally occurs approximately at the age of three. According to Sigmund Freud, during the phallic stage, children begin to form an incestuous desire for their opposite-sex parent and an antagonistic rivalry with their same-sex parent. The resolution of this stage of development occurs when the child, usually at the age of six, renounces their desire for their opposite-sex parent and begins to identify with their same-sex parent.

## Predictors and correlations of father-child attachment

### The child

#### Gender

Male children are more likely to prefer their father as an attachment figure than female children are.

#### Age

Children are more likely to be attached to their father during their late childhood to early adolescence. Infants and young adults are less likely to seek attachment to their fathers.

#### Temperament

The infant's temperament can influence the role that the father plays in child rearing. A great deal of research has shown that fathers are less likely to be involved with their infant if the infant has a difficult temperament. Furthermore, one study suggests that this lack of paternal involvement in the case of fussy infants may harm the mother's relationship with her child if the mother believes that the paternal care giving role is important.

### The father

#### Paternal sensitivity

Research on whether or not paternal sensitivity has an effect on the security of father-child attachment has produced mixed results. Some studies have shown significant correlations between paternal sensitivity and secure father-child attachments. One study suggests that a father's sensitivity while playing with his child is as important to the child-father attachment relationship as maternal sensitivity during caregiving is for the child-mother attachment relationship. Furthermore, one study has found that the harm of a father's frightening behaviours on a child's future development can be mitigated if the father also has high levels of paternal sensitivity. Having a father who is both insensitive and exhibits frightening behaviours during infancy has been linked to emotional under-regulation at the age of two as well as attention problems at the age of seven. However, other studies have failed to find a correlation between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment.

#### The father's own attachment style

The level of attachment security that a father had with his parents when he was a child may influence his own child's attachment security in the sense that his child may end up having a similar level of attachment security. However, this effect is most likely to occur when the father has sole custody of his child. The father's level of attachment security in his adult relationships may also have an indirect effect on the child-father attachment. This is because fathers who have a secure attachment style in adult relationships tend to have lower levels of parenting stress, lower levels of abuse potential, and a greater amount of knowledge about child development. Lower levels of parenting stress particularly have been found to be correlated with higher levels of attachment security in the father-child attachment relationship.

#### The father's beliefs about the importance of paternal caregiving

One study has found that whether or not the father's beliefs about the importance of paternal caregiving affect the security of the father-child attachment relationship depends on the temperament of the child. Fathers who believe that the paternal caregiving role is important are only more likely to have securely attached infants in the case of very fussy infants. The authors of this study suggest that the reason that this finding is limited to fussy infants could be because difficult children may be more susceptible to both the positive and the negative effects of their rearing environments than non-difficult children.

### Family context

#### Spousal factors

Two important spousal factors have been found to have a relationship with father-infant attachment security: marital intimacy and supportive co-parenting. In the case of marital intimacy, research has shown that a higher level of marital intimacy is correlated with a more secure father-infant attachment relationship, and that deteriorating marital intimacy is correlated with negative father-child interaction. In terms of supportive co-parenting, one study has found that both observed and self-reported supportive co-parenting predict a more secure father-infant attachment, even after controlling for father sensitivity. This study did not find a correlation between supportive co-parenting and the mother-infant attachment relationship. However, when the infants in this study were divided by gender and analyzed separately, the results were quite different. When the infant was a boy, observed supportive co-parenting was associated with greater mother-infant attachment security and self-reported supportive co-parenting was related to greater father-infant attachment security. When the infant was a girl, supportive co-parenting was related to neither the infant-mother attachment security nor the infant-father attachment security. The authors of this study suggest that one possible explanation for this gender difference is that parents might try to hide their marital conflict more from their daughters than from their sons causing sons to be more sensitive to differences in whether or not their parents engage in supportive co-parenting.

#### Time spent with infant

Research has found that fathers who spend more time with their infants tend to have more positive interactions with them, which helps foster the attachment security of the infant. Fathers who work more hours are less likely to have securely attached infants.

## Unique properties

Generally, research has found that, compared to mothers, fathers tend to fill more of a "play-mate" role for their children, rather than a "caregiver" role. Various studies have found that fathers are more likely than mothers to encourage risk-taking and exploration in their children by engaging their young children in physical play and initiating games that are both unpredictable and enjoyable. Most infants tend to prefer contact with their mothers when they are distressed and seeking comfort, and contact with their fathers when they are in more positive emotional states and seeking play. Furthermore, a study on frightening behaviours has suggested that young children may internalize interactions with their mother and father differently in a way that reflects these different roles. The study found that when sensitive fathers engage in frightening behaviours, the paternal sensitivity mitigates the negative effects of frightening behaviours, however, when mothers engage in frightening behaviours, maternal sensitivity does not mitigate the negative effects. Some researchers believe that this occurs because frightening behaviours are more compatible with the father's play-mate role than they are with the mother's role of providing comfort when the child is distressed. They suggest that it may be more harmful to a child when the person who the child is supposed to go to when distressed is the one who is causing the distress. In fact, these researchers believe that children may respond more positively to frightening behaviours exhibited by the father when their mother is nearby, although this has yet to be proven. Research has shown that fathers, compared to mothers, are less able to detect low levels of infant distress, which may contribute to the mother's greater tendency to fulfill more of a "caregiving" role for the child. However, when fathers are required to act as caregivers for their child, such as in situations when the mother is working, they soon become very capable in fulfilling all of the responsibilities that traditionally belong to the mother, and they even begin to serve as a secure base for their child when the child explores its environment.

## Effects of father-child attachment on future development

### Secure vs. insecure attachment to father

Children who have a secure attachment to their father tend to have improved developmental outcomes in a variety of ways including having improved social abilities with their peers, having fewer problem behaviours, and the paternal effects on developing a greater level of emotional self-regulation are especially significant. Furthermore, one study found that 11–13 month old infants who were securely attached to their fathers were more sociable with strangers in the Strange Situation Test. The mother-infant attachment security, on the other hand, had no effect on sociability with strangers in this study. In addition, having a secure father-child attachment relationship can help compensate for potentially harmful effects resulting from an insecure mother-child attachment relationship.

### Absent father/no attachment

One study has found that paternal absence has various negative effects on children. These negative effects include lower levels of school achievement, heightened risk-taking behaviours, and higher levels of aggression in boys. Another study found that male infants who have little to no interaction with their fathers have significantly lower levels of social responsiveness, fewer secondary circular reactions, and lower levels of preferences for novel stimuli, while female infants were unaffected by the absence of their father. This second study, however, only looks at mother-only single-parent families in low socioeconomic circumstances so the results may not be generalizable to the greater population.

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abstract: The German Federation's Round Table on Child Sexual Abuse in Institutional and Familial Contexts was initiated by the German Government in 2010. The working groups met throughout 2010 and 2011. They worked on a systematic appraisal of the situation, guidelines for behavior, and possible solutions in dealing with child sexual abuse using the guiding questions "What type of help and support do sexually abused persons need?", "What should be done in the event of a sexual crime?" and "What are the risk factors and protective factors in preventing sexual abuse of minors?"

text:
# The German Federation's Round Table on Child Sexual Abuse

**The German Federation's Round Table on Child Sexual Abuse** in Institutional and Familial Contexts was initiated by the German Government in 2010. The working groups met throughout 2010 and 2011. They worked on a systematic appraisal of the situation, guidelines for behavior, and possible solutions in dealing with child sexual abuse using the guiding questions "What type of help and support do sexually abused persons need?", "What should be done in the event of a sexual crime?" and "What are the risk factors and protective factors in preventing sexual abuse of minors?"


title: Fanbak language

abstract: Fanbyak is a minor language of Ambrym Island, Vanuatu.

text:
# Fanbak language

**Fanbyak** is a minor language of Ambrym Island, Vanuatu.

## Name

Fanbyak takes its name from the village of the same name, where it used to be spoken. Fanbyak village has been abandoned, with residents now living among speakers of North Ambrym.

Lynch and Crowley (2001) called the language "Orkon". However, it appears that Orkon, spoken in the Orkon village, really referred to a lect (either a dialect or a separate language) distinct from Fanbak. Nothing is known about Orkon proper, which is now extinct.

* Fanbyak DoReCo corpus compiled by Michael Franjieh. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and - for some texts - time-aligned morphological annotations.

## InfoBox

| Fanbyak | |
| --- | --- |
| Fanbak, Orkon | |
| Native to | Vanuatu |
| Region | Ambrym Island |
| Native speakers | 95 (2015) |
| Language family | Austronesian |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `fnb` |
| *Glottolog* | `orko1234`  Orkon-Fanbak |
| ELP | Orkon |


title: Fanboy Confessional

abstract: Fanboy Confessional is a Canadian documentary series exploring fan subcultures. Subjects of the series have included Cosplay, Furries, LARP, Steampunk, and Real-life Superheroes. Created by Toronto based production company Markham Street Films, the series currently airs on Space.

text:
# Fanboy Confessional

***Fanboy Confessional*** is a Canadian documentary series exploring fan subcultures. Subjects of the series have included Cosplay, Furries, LARP, Steampunk, and Real-life Superheroes. Created by Toronto based production company Markham Street Films, the series currently airs on Space.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original air date | Production code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 01 | "The Cosplay Edition" | July 13, 2011 (2011-07-13) | 101 |
| A group of Cosplayers prepare their costumes for the upcoming Anime North Convention. | | | |
| 02 | "The Steampunk Edition" | July 13, 2011 (2011-07-13) | 102 |
| Steampunk groups on the east and west coasts show off their Victorian styles and steam-powered gadgets. | | | |
| 03 | "The Real Life Superhero Edition" | July 20, 2011 (2011-07-20) | 103 |
| Superheroes are more than a hobby for Real Life Super Heroes. Watch them help their community and even fight crime using their ingenuity and creativity. | | | |
| 04 | "The Monster Chiller Horror Edition" | July 20, 2011 (2011-07-20) | 104 |
| These dedicated monster and horror fans are organized, numerous, and they're invading a city near you. The Toronto Zombie Walk is coming up and these creatures need to prepare. | | | |
| 05 | "The Furry Edition" | July 27, 2011 (2011-07-27) | 105 |
| An Ontario Furry group throws their first convention, and this diverse group explains what it really means to be a furry. | | | |
| 06 | "The LARPer Edition" | July 27, 2011 (2011-07-27) | 106 |
| Interviews with Live Action Role Players new and old, and an overview of this full-immersion form of role playing, featuring footage from Underworld Toronto. | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Fanboy Confessional* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Created by | Michael McNamara |
| Narrated by | Aaron Ashmore |
| Opening theme | by The von Drats |
| Composer | Kurt Swinghammer |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Judy Holm |
| Production locations | Canada
United States |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Space |
| Release | July 13 (2011-07-13)
July 27, 2011 (2011-07-27) |


title: The Ghost of Yotsuya

abstract: The Ghost of Yotsuya is a 1959 Japanese supernatural horror film directed by Nobuo Nakagawa. The film is based on the kabuki play Yotsuya Kaidan. It was among the many horror films that Nakagawa adapted for Shintoho in the late 1950s and was one of the many adaptations of the play.

text:
# The Ghost of Yotsuya

***The Ghost of Yotsuya*** (東海道四谷怪談, *Tōkaidō Yotsuya Kaidan*) is a 1959 Japanese supernatural horror film directed by Nobuo Nakagawa. The film is based on the kabuki play *Yotsuya Kaidan*. It was among the many horror films that Nakagawa adapted for Shintoho in the late 1950s and was one of the many adaptations of the play.

## Plot

Ruthless samurai Iemon Tamiya wants to marry Oiwa. Iemon waits outside of the home of Oiwa's father Samon, begging him to let him marry Oiwa. He is insulted by Samon and his companion Sato. Enraged, Iemon attacks Samon and Sato, killing them. A low-ranking criminal and witness to the murder, Naosuke, who had been working for Samon, offers to keep quiet about the murders in exchange for Iemon's help. The two form a conspiracy to convince Oiwa and her sister, Sode, that their father had been murdered by known criminal Usaburo. They plan to murder Yomoschichi, the son of Sato and fiancé of Sode, so that Naosuke can marry Sode. The two attack Yomoschichi, throwing him over a large waterfall.

A year later, Iemon and Oiwa are married and living in Edo (the former name of Tokyo) with their infant son. Unknown to Oiwa, her sister Sode and Naosuke are also living together in the same city. Tiring of his lack of status, as well as his marriage to Oiwa, Iemon begins to court Ume, daughter of the nobleman Ito. He and Naosuke plan to poison Oiwa so that Iemon can marry Ume and become a wealthy nobleman. Iemon recruits the masseur Takuetsu to seduce his wife, thus allowing Iemon to legally kill his wife for adultery. After failing to seduce Oiwa, Takuetsu tells her about Iemon's plan. Simultaneously, having ingested the poison, Oiwa's face breaks out in horrific boils. In a fit of madness, Oiwa attacks Takuetsu with a razor, but instead mortally wounds herself. As she dies, she swears revenge on Iemon. Iemon returns to the house and kills Takuetsu. He and Naosuke nail the two bodies to a pair of shutters and sink them in the river.

That same night, Iemon is wed to Ume. Soon, both Iemon and Naosuke are haunted by visions of the dead and deformed Oiwa, as well as Takuetsu. The terrified Iemon attacks the spirit at his new home at night, accidentally killing Ume as well as both of her parents. He flees to a Buddhist temple in search of sanctuary. That same night, Oiwa's ghost visits her sister Sode and Naosuke. Upon seeing her, Naosuke confesses to his crimes and flees to the same temple. The ghost of Oiwa leads Sode to the home of Yomoschichi, who had survived the attempted murder. Yomoschichi and Sode resolve to avenge their slain loved ones.

At the temple, Naosuke taunts Iemon, who in turn kills Naosuke. Yomoschichi and Sode arrive and attack Iemon. Driven mad by the spirits of Oiwa and Takuetsu, he is unable to defend himself and is killed. The film ends with a vision of Oiwa, her appearance restored and holding her infant son, presumably in Heaven - her spirit now able to rest in peace with her revenge complete.

## Cast

* Shigeru Amachi as Iemon Tamiya
* Katsuko Wakasugi as Oiwa
* Shuntarō Emi as Naosuke
* Ryūzaburō Nakamura as Yomoshichi
* Noriko Kitazawa as Osode
* Junko Ikeuchi as Ume Itō
* Kikuko Hanaoka as Maki
* Hiroshi Hayashi as Kihē Itō
* Jun Ōtomo as Takuetsu
* Shinjirō Asano as Samo

## Background

Director Nobuo Nakgawa directed over 100 films by the time of his death in 1984, and about eight horror films, most of which were shot between 1956 and 1960 at Shintoho studios with tight deadlines and low budgets.

## Release

*The Ghost of Yotsuya* was released in Japan on July 11, 1959. The film was released in the United States by Shimoto Enterprises with English subtitles.

## Reception

From retrospective reviews, James Marriott commented on the film in the book *The Definitive Guide to Horror Movies*, proclaiming of the many adaptations of the play that "Nakagawa's is the classic." noting that the visuals in the film take on a "hallucinatory quality" specifically mentioning the swamp scenes and the scenes that slide into "*Jigoku* styled madness"

### Sources

* Crandol, Michael E. (2012). "Sympathy for the She-Devil: Poison Women and Vengeful Ghosts in the Films of Nakgawa Nobuo". In Alcorn, Seth; Nardi, Steven (eds.). *Twisted Mirrors: Reflections of Monstrous Humanity*. Brill. ISBN 978-1-84888-111-2.
* Galbraith IV, Stuart (1996). *The Japanese Filmography*. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0032-3.
* Marriott, James; Newman, Kim (2018) \[1st pub. 2006\]. *The Definitive Guide to Horror Movies*. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 9781787391390.

## InfoBox

| The Ghost of Yotsuya | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Nobuo Nakagawa |
| Screenplay by | * Masayoshi Ônuki * Yoshihiro Ishikawa |
| Based on | Yotsuya Kaidan
by Nanboku Tsuruya |
| Produced by | Mitsugu Okura |
| Starring | Shigeru Amachi |
| Cinematography | Tadashi Nishimoto |
| Music by | Chumei Watanabe |
| Production
company | Shintoho |
| Release date | * 11 July 1959 (1959-07-11) (Japan) |
| Running time | 76 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: In the Heart of the Woods

abstract: In the Heart of the Woods is a 1915 American silent short drama film directed by Tom Ricketts and written by Marion Heffernan. Starring Louise Lester, Vivian Rich, Harry von Meter, David Lythgoe and Charles Morrison.

text:
# In the Heart of the Woods

***In the Heart of the Woods*** is a 1915 American silent short drama film directed by Tom Ricketts and written by Marion Heffernan. Starring Louise Lester, Vivian Rich, Harry von Meter, David Lythgoe and Charles Morrison.

## Cast

* Louise Lester as Miriam Stern
* David Lythgoe as Jack Daley
* Vivian Rich as Nance Morgan
* Harry von Meter as Ben Morgan
* Charles Morrison

## InfoBox

| In the Heart of the Woods | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Tom Ricketts |
| Written by | Marion Heffernan |
| Starring | Louise Lester
Vivian Rich
Harry von Meter
David Lythgoe
Charles Morrison |
| Distributed by | Mutual Film |
| Release date | * March 24, 1915 (1915-03-24) |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent film
English intertitles |


title: H. V. Jagadish

abstract: Hosagrahar Visvesvaraya Jagadish (Jag) is a computer scientist in the field of database systems research. He is a Fellow of ACM, Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of AAAS, the Distinguished University Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, the director of MIDAS, and a Senior Scientific Director of the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics established by the National Institutes of Health.

text:
# H. V. Jagadish

**Hosagrahar Visvesvaraya Jagadish** (Jag) is a computer scientist in the field of database systems research. He is a Fellow of ACM, Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of AAAS, the Distinguished University Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, the director of MIDAS (Michigan Institute for Data Science), and a Senior Scientific Director of the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics established by the National Institutes of Health.

## InfoBox

| H V Jagadish | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Stanford University |
| Awards | ACM Fellow
IEEE Fellow
AAAS Fellow
Founding editor of PVLDB |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer Science |
| Institutions | AT&T
UIUC
University of Michigan |
|  | |


title: Gerry House

abstract: Gerry House is an American radio personality who was heard on WSIX-FM in Nashville, Tennessee on the morning show Gerry House and the House Foundation from 1983 to 2010. House has won the CMA ACM Billboard and Marconi awards for Personality of the Year numerous times. House is also a songwriter, who has written songs for George Strait, Reba McEntire, LeAnn Rimes and Pam Tillis. He has also had his songs recorded by Brad Paisley, Randy Travis, Trace Adkins, Mark Collie, Clint Black, Neal McCoy, The Oak Ridge Boys, and Big & Rich, among others. In November 2023 House was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame by Dolly Parton and Keith Urban.

text:
# Gerry House

**Gerry House** (born 1948) is an American radio personality who was heard on WSIX-FM in Nashville, Tennessee on the morning show *Gerry House and the House Foundation* from 1983 to 2010. House has won the CMA ACM Billboard and Marconi awards for Personality of the Year numerous times.

House is also a songwriter, who has written songs for George Strait ("The Big One"), Reba McEntire ("Little Rock"), LeAnn Rimes ("On the Side of Angels") and Pam Tillis ("The River and the Highway"). He has also had his songs recorded by Brad Paisley, Randy Travis, Trace Adkins, Mark Collie, Clint Black, Neal McCoy, The Oak Ridge Boys, and Big & Rich, among others.

In November 2023 House was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame by Dolly Parton and Keith Urban.

## Family

Gerry House was born in Independence, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 28, 1948, to Lucille and Homer House.

House married Allyson Faulkner in 1970 and has a daughter, Autumn House Tallant.

## Career

Before moving to Nashville, House worked in Richmond, Kentucky, Louisville, Kentucky, Ithaca, New York and Jacksonville, Florida. He first joined WSIX-AM in 1975. House had also begun to do stand-up comedy and was writing songs.

In the early 1980s, WSIX-FM, a country music-formatted FM outlet, appointed House to host a new morning show. Al Voecks, who had previously been a local TV news anchor, had presented a talk show on the AM station, and he soon became House's newsman. Duncan Stewart joined the cast as House's sports reporter, and Paul Randall began as a traffic reporter and eventually became House's co-presenter. Around this time, the program began being known as *The House Foundation*.

The House Foundation was temporarily dissolved in 1985 when House left for a WSIX competitor, WSM-AM. After a short time at WSM as the final host of historic morning program *The Waking Crew*, the last morning radio program in America with a live band, House was hired by KLAC in Los Angeles. House's time on the West Coast was also relatively brief; he soon left KLAC and came back to WSIX-FM and resumed *Gerry House and the House Foundation*, with Voecks, Stewart and Randall, all in their original roles. Devon O'Day also joined the show as producer and for a country music news segment called "Twang Talk".

House earned a record deal with MCA Records and released two country–comedy albums, *The Cheater's Telethon* in 1990 and *Bull* in 1992. House also hosted several nationally syndicated radio shows, including *Countryline USA*, *America's Number Ones* and *The Saturday Night House Party*.

When Paul Randall became very ill, Mike Bohan joined the show in 1995, after 20 years at WSM radio and WSMV television. Randall succumbed to his illness in 1998; Bohan continued with the show, while Richard Falklen directing the show and hosting the news segment once named "Twang Talk".

In addition House operates a music publishing company, House Notes, which owns the songs he has written. Some of his writing partners over the years have included O'Day, Gary Burr and Don Schlitz, who have all had number-one hits with House. In addition, House records the "Maurice" (a character he bought from Los Angeles) segments for his show in the House Notes studio, as well as voices such as "Makk Truck" and "Homer".

House has contributed to Nick Barraclough's BBC Radio 2 country show, offering 'news from Nashville'. He also hosted Radio 2's coverage of the Country Music Association Awards with Barraclough in 2004.

It was announced May 19, 2017, that House would return to the airwaves on WNRQ-FM, with Bohan, on May 26, 2017.

## Retirement

On August 15, 2003, House was hospitalized after complaining of a severe headache. He was diagnosed with a bleeding artery and underwent surgery to repair it and underwent further surgery to relieve fluid and swelling on his brain. He made a full recovery.

On September 3, 2010, House announced the dissolution of the House Foundation and that their December 15, 2010 broadcast would be their last.

House was inducted into the NAB Radio Hall of Fame in the spring of 2011, placing his name next to Cousin Brucie, Wolfman Jack, Larry King, Bob Hope, Jack Benny and Ronald Reagan.

In March 2014, BenBella Books released House's hardcover book, *Country Music Broke My Brain: A Behind-The-Microphone Peek At Nashville's Famous & Fabulous Stars*. The foreword is written by his good friend Reba. At press time they are still speaking.

House now spends his time between his homes in Nashville and WaterSound, Florida.

## Discography

### Notable recordings of House songs

* "The Big One" (George Strait)
* "Little Rock" (Reba McEntire)
* "On the Side of Angels" (LeAnn Rimes)
* "The River and the Highway" (Pam Tillis)
* "Thirteen Mile Goodbye" (Randy Travis)
* "Three Words, Two Hearts, One Night" (Mark Collie)

### Albums

* 1990 *The Cheater's Telethon*
* 1992 *Bull*


title: Öcs

abstract: Öcs is a village in Ajka district, Veszprém county, Hungary.

text:
# Öcs

**Öcs** is a village in Ajka district, Veszprém county, Hungary.

## History

The area of the village was inhabited even in early historical times. Prehistoric, Roman, Celtic, Avar, and Hungarian conquest-era artifacts have been unearthed in various places in the vicinity of the settlement.

The first written record of the settlement dates back to 1278 under the name Ech. The village served as a link between the northern landscape beyond the mountains and the Balaton Highlands to the east.

The village was inhabited by single nobles, and although it depopulated multiple times, it was always rebuilt. In later times, the village name originated from the Ichy and Nemes Eöcsy family names. The entire territory belonged to noble mansions. Until the 16th century, its society consisted solely of nobles. In the 17th century, the population mingled with commoners. By 1828, the situation changed significantly as the number of settled peasants, both with and without houses, became so large that they formed the majority.

The village was deserted multiple times, especially in the 17th century when it became a wasteland. In the 18th century, the four denominations were established in the settlement. At that time, the inhabitants were 400 Roman Catholics, 301 Lutherans, 200 Calvinists, and 150 Jews.

During the serf emancipation, there was one large estate and 233 small holdings. In the first cadastre, its border was determined to be 2381 cadastral acres. Half of its territory was forest, while the rest consisted of arable land, meadows, pastures, and marshy areas.

The village was built in a valley basin, evolving from scattered houses, and its winding streets led from a central square to three churches. The characteristic star-shaped village structure is still preserved in the layout of the streets.

In the 1700s, four denominations erected churches here. The late Baroque Catholic church was completed in 1756, the Lutheran church in 1799, and the Reformed church and synagogue were built in the early 18th century. Three of these churches still stand today, while the former synagogue is now a residential house. In the 1800s, the village reached its peak population of around 1,000. At that time, the natural environment provided sustenance for the people, and seven artisan families lived in the village.

By 1940, only 500 people remained, and later even fewer. Industrialization and nearby mining provided livelihoods, causing people to move away after work. Today, the population is around 240.

Population:

* 1785: 581
* 1910: 612
* 1970: 510
* 1986: 327
* 1998: 258
* 2002: 240
* 2006: 227
* 2007: 235
* 2008: 231

The first agricultural cooperative was formed in 1950 under the name "New Life." It dissolved in 1956, then reformed as the "Constitution Cooperative" and merged with Halimba in 1959. During subsequent mergers, it first joined Nyirád and later Devecser. The cooperative ceased to exist in the 1990s through liquidation. In 1970, the Municipal Council merged with Halimba and operated as a Joint Municipal Council.

The establishment of independent local self-government created a new situation, and the village sought its place in the narrower and broader region. The village played a role in the development of the Dörögdi Basin (construction of a new road towards Taliándörgő, cultural events). The exploration and preservation of the natural and cultural-historical values of the village began (local nature reserves, properties, local history collection).

Although there are summary works on the history of the village, unfortunately, there is no comprehensive village history. The present-day coat of arms of the village was created based on archival letters and seals found in the Veszprém County Archives (2001). The crown in the emblem refers to the former noble settlement, the double-curved contour symbolizes the location of the village, the silver-armored figure holding a saber in a green field comes from an old seal impression, and the upper part of the emblem represents the symbols of the village's three denominations.

### Jewish history of Öcs

Öcs used to have a sizable Jewish population that was mostly wiped out during the Holocaust. There is still a Jewish cemetery that was cleaned up and restored in 2009.

Catholic Church of ÖcsEvangelical church of ÖcsMemorial to the fallen sons and daughters of Öcs from the World WarsShadoof in ÖcsA panorama picture of Öcs including the Evangelical church

47°00′07″N 17°36′53″E / 47.00191°N 17.61481°E / 47.00191; 17.61481

## InfoBox

| Öcs | |
| --- | --- |
| Church of Öcs | |
|  | |
| Location of Veszprém county in Hungary | |
| ÖcsÖcs | |
| Coordinates: 47°00′07″N 17°36′53″E / 47.00194°N 17.61472°E / 47.00194; 17.61472 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| County | Veszprém |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.7 km2 (5.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 238 |
| Density | 17.37/km2 (45.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8292 |
| Area code | 88 |


title: J. K. Paasikivi Memorial

abstract: The J. K. Paasikivi Memorial, also called Itä ja Länsi is a memorial sculpture for the Finnish president Juho Kusti Paasikivi by the sculptor Harry Kivijärvi, located in Kamppi, Helsinki. The sculpture is located at Paasikivenaukio Square along Mannerheimintie in front of the so-called Supplier House, north of the Lasipalatsi building. The sculpture was revealed in 1980.

text:
# J. K. Paasikivi Memorial

The **J. K. Paasikivi Memorial**, also called ***Itä ja Länsi*** ('East and West') is a memorial sculpture for the Finnish president Juho Kusti Paasikivi by the sculptor Harry Kivijärvi, located in Kamppi, Helsinki. The sculpture is located at Paasikivenaukio Square along Mannerheimintie in front of the so-called Supplier House, north of the Lasipalatsi building. The sculpture was revealed in 1980.

## Description

The sculpture consists of two black, smooth and convex stone slabs standing upright on a three-step pedestal. The sculpture is 5.5 metres tall and weighs 40 tonnes. The stones are made of black diorite mined from the Mustakivi Oy quarry in Kuokkala, Jyväskylä.

## Epitaph

The middle step of the pedestal bears an inscription with Paasikivi's name and the epitaph "The start of all wisdom is acknowledging the facts" in both Finnish and Swedish. Paasikivi famously used this statement on his second term as Prime Minister of Finland in a speech he gave on the Finnish Independence Day in 1944, where he described the necessities of post-war politics in Finland. In his speech Paasikivi said the statement had originally been stated by "a certain historian-thinker". The quote is probably originally from the 19th-century British historian Thomas Carlyle, but Paasikivi was quoting it via the texts of Johan Vilhelm Snellman. Carlyle's contemporary Thomas Macaulay has sometimes been cited as the original author of the sentence instead of Carlyle himself.

## History

The original contest for a memorial to J. K. Paasikivi was held in 1970. The first place was split between Harry Kivijärvi's design *Rinnakkaiselo* ("Living together") and Kain Tapper's design *Paasikiven linja* ("The Paasikivi doctrine"). This decision caused controversy, as both designs were seen to be modified versions of earlier works by their creators, contrary to the contest's rules. Tapper's design was said to resemble his earlier work *Mustalaisen puukko* ("The knife of the Romani"), while Kivijärvi's design was said to resemble several of his earlier works. Kivijärvi had made several minimalist sculptures based on black stone slabs since the 1960s, of which many feature a portal design created by two stones standing next to each other. In actuality, the similarity was because of Kivijärvi's and Tapper's styles of sculptures instead of copying an individual earlier work. Nevertheless, the contest had to be held again. Kivijärvi won the new contest in 1976 with his changed design *Itä ja Länsi*, which lacked the horizontal architrave stone from the original design.

The city of Helsinki first offered the Hesperia esplanade in Töölö as the location of the memorial, but a better option was to place it at the Arkadianaukio square near the city centre and the Parliament House. The memorial was revealed on the 110th anniversary of Paasikivi's birth on 27 November 1980.

The Paasikivi memorial was the first abstract memorial in honour of a Finnish chief of state. A non-realistic memorial caused intense controversy at the time. A popular nickname for the sculpture was "Juho Kusti and Alli", as the two chubby stone slabs were said to resemble Paasikivi himself and his wife Alli.

## Other memorials

As well as the memorial in Helsinki, a realistic statue of J. K. Paasikivi was built in Lahti in 1961 and busts of Paasikivi in Mukkula in the 1960s and in Kerava in 1974.

## Sources

* *Harry Kivijärvi – ja se mitä taiteeksikin sanotaan*, publications of the Wäinö Aaltonen museum issue #53, Turku 2008. ISBN 978-952-9565-53-5

### References

1. Itä ja Länsi / J. K. Paasikiven muistomerkki Archived 11 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Helsinki Art Museum. Accessed on 30 April 2018.
2. Patsaskierros, city of Helsinki. Accessed on 1 May 2018.
3. Rautio, Antero: *Pääkaupunkiseudun julkiset muistomerkit ja taideteokset – patsasbongarin opas*, p. 182. Karisto, Hämeenlinna 1998.
4. Pääministeri Paasikiven puhe itsenäisyyspäivänä 6.12.1944 (otteita puheesta) Archived 1 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine, *Suomi kylmässä sodassa*. Accessed on 30 April 2018.
5. Immonen, Hannu: "Paasikivi ja historia", p. 315. In: *J. K. Paasikivi – Valtiomiehen elämäntyö 5: 1948–1956* (Tuomo Polvinen), WSOY, Helsinki 2003.
6. Urho Kekkosen J.V. Snellmanin syntymän 185-vuotisjuhlassa 12.5.1981, *Doria.fi*. Accessed on 30 April 2018.
7. Urho Kekkosen radiopuhe 10.12.1958, *Doria.fi*. Accessed on 30 April 2018.
8. Harni, Heli: "Tuhansien vuosien ajalta", in: *Harry Kivijärvi* (2008), p. 119, 124, 127.
9. Kruskopf, Erik: *Veistosten kaupunki – Taidetta Helsingin katukuvassa* (translated by Rauno Ekholm), pp. 75–78. Schildts, Helsinki 2000.
10. Kuusamo, Altti: "Keveyden metaforat raskaassa kivessä", in: *Harry Kivijärvi* (2008), pp. 19–23.
11. Valjakka, Timo: Harry Kivijärvi, *Helsingin Sanomat* 15 April 2010. Accessed on 1 May 2018.
12. Lahti – patsaiden kaupunki, *Etelä-Suomen Sanomat* 20 May 2007 (Internet Archive). Accessed on 1 May 2018.
13. Keravan taiderastit Archived 8 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Keravan taidemuseon ystävät ry 2015. Accessed on 1 May 2018.

60°10′15.262″N 24°56′9.035″E / 60.17090611°N 24.93584306°E / 60.17090611; 24.93584306


title: Francesco Traini

abstract: Francesco Traini was an Italian painter who was documented as working from 1321 to ca 1365 in Pisa and Bologna. He appears to have been a follower of Andrea Orcagna to judge by only one work known to be by Traini: in 1345 he signed and dated a polyptych of the Pisan church of S. Caterina, showing Saint Dominic and a predella showing eight hagiographic scenes from the saint's life, now in the Museo Nazionale, Pisa. Most scholars attribute many of the huge frescoes of the Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa to Traini, including the Last Judgement, Inferno, Legends of the Hermits and, the famous Il Trionfo della Morte. There are Traini paintings at the Princeton University Art Museum, Ackland Art Museum, and an Allegorical Representation of Crucifixion with Saints Andrew and Paul at the Carnegie Art Museum.

text:
# Francesco Traini

**Francesco Traini** was an Italian painter who was documented as working from 1321 to *ca* 1365 in Pisa and Bologna.

He appears to have been a follower of Andrea Orcagna to judge by only one work known to be by Traini: in 1345 he signed and dated a polyptych of the Pisan church of S. Caterina, showing Saint Dominic and a predella showing eight hagiographic scenes from the saint's life, now in the Museo Nazionale, Pisa. Most scholars attribute many of the huge frescoes of the Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa to Traini, including the *Last Judgement*, *Inferno*, *Legends of the Hermits* and, the famous *Il Trionfo della Morte* (the Triumph of Death).

There are Traini paintings at the Princeton University Art Museum, Ackland Art Museum, and an *Allegorical Representation of Crucifixion with Saints Andrew and Paul* at the Carnegie Art Museum.

## *Triumph of Death*

Though other scholars attribute it to Buonamico Buffalmacco, the *Trionfo della Morte* was used by the art historian Millard Meiss in 1951 as a fundamental example (the other being Andrea Orcagna's "Strozzi Altarpiece") to prove his theory on the influence of the Black Death on contemporary spirituality. He believed the painting, which displays the merciless omnipresence of death, to be a reaction to the horrors of the black death of 1348, as was the contemporaneous *Totentanz* ("Dance of Death") paintings in Germany. However, this fresco cycle was re-dated by Polzer to 1333-36 because of French contemporary paintings inspired by these ones and because of its Guelph political meaning, and Pisa was only Guelph for a short period in the mid 1330s; this meant, of course, that the frescoes cannot be an example of post-Black Death art as Meiss had originally suggested. In fact, since the painting was originally on the exterior wall of the town cemetery in Pisa, its function was just that of reminding the viewer of the certainty of death and the need for salvation through the church. The imagery is not, then, influenced by recent suffering and death caused by the plague but by mortality. Designed by a member of the Dominican College at Pisa, the fresco reflects the ideals of the order and its emphasis on judgement and the need for people to turn away from the temptations of the world; it promotes Mendicant poverty and cautions against earthly pleasure. It articulates a view of society, put forward by the Dominican Order in which sinfulness is the cause of suffering.

The background space is not treated naturalistically but establishes divisions between the different, symbolic groups of figures. Each spatial zone refers to a different idea being communicated such as temptation, judgment, death, and suffering. The landscape is treated symbolically. The rocky area represents the hermit's asceticism while the fertile area earthly pleasures.

American historian Barbara Tuchman examined the Traini fresco and described it thus: "A scroll warns that 'no shield of wisdom or riches, nobility or prowess' can protect them from the blows of the Approaching One. 'They have taken more pleasure in the world than in things of God.' In a heap of corpses nearby lie crowned rulers, a Pope in tiara, a knight, tumbled together with the bodies of the poor, while angels and devils in the sky contend for the miniature naked figures that represent their souls."

The frescoes of the Camposanto were unfortunately either severely damaged or destroyed by Allied air raids in World War II.

* Bryan, Michael (1889). Walter Armstrong; Robert Edmund Graves (eds.). *Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, Biographical and Critical*. Vol. II L-Z. London: George Bell and Sons. p. 582.
* John White: *Art and Architecture in Italy 1250-1400*. Pelican History of Art 1993


title: Meow (cat)

abstract: Meow, also known as Meow the obese cat, was a male domestic cat who attracted international attention when an animal shelter publicized efforts to slim him down, in an attempt to have him adopted. However, Meow died of lung failure two weeks after entering the animal shelter, on May 5, 2012. He was the world's heaviest cat at his time of death, weighing 39.7 pounds.

text:
# Meow (cat)

**Meow** (c.2010 – May 5, 2012), also known as **Meow the obese cat**, was a male domestic cat who attracted international attention when an animal shelter publicized efforts to slim him down, in an attempt to have him adopted. However, Meow died of lung failure two weeks after entering the animal shelter, on May 5, 2012. He was the world's heaviest cat at his time of death, weighing 39.7 pounds (18.0 kilograms).

## Weight

Domestic cats are as large as most other members of the genus *Felis*, typically weighing between 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) and 5 kilograms (11 lb). Meow weighed 18.0 kilograms (39.7 lb), the heaviest cat in the world—though not on record. Himmy, a cat from Australia, had weighed 21.3 kilograms (46.8 pounds) upon dying during his tenth year, in 1986. Guinness World Records has since retired the title to discourage deliberate overfeeding.

Being the world's heaviest cat, Meow occasionally appeared on U.S. television shows. In 2010 he was featured on an episode of *Anderson Live*, which was hosted by U.S. television personality Anderson Cooper. Meow was again featured on *Anderson Live* on April 30, 2012, with Cooper carrying the cat.

## Weight loss and death

Meow was moved to the Santa Fe Animal Shelter & Humane Society two weeks before he died because his 87-year-old owner could no longer care for him. The animal shelter fed Meow a strict high-protein diet to slim him. The shelter also planned to publicize Meow and his diet on their Facebook page. Meow's publicity was expected to arouse interest in his adoption.

He lost two pounds (0.9 kilograms) at the animal shelter, and the shelter planned to make him lose at least eight more (3.6 kilograms) so he could be adopted. However, Meow contracted breathing problems by May 2, 2012; after undergoing a battery of tests, which included X-ray and cardiac ultrasound, he was put on oxygen therapy. Two days later, Meow was brought to a veterinary hospital to undergo emergency treatment: four veterinarians tried to save him, but he died on the afternoon of the following day.

Meow's story brought widespread attention to the importance of pet health and responsible pet ownership. His legacy serves as a poignant reminder of the significance of addressing obesity and related health issues in pets, as well as the need for proper care and attention to ensure their well-being.

## InfoBox

Meow
| Meow in April 2012, one month before his death | |
| --- | --- |
| Species | *Felis catus* |
| Sex | Male |
| Born | c.2010 |
| Died | May 5, 2012 (aged 12)<br>Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States |
| Cause of death | Lung Failure |
| Years active | 2011–2012 |
| Known for | Heaviest domestic cat at time of death |


title: The Ghost of the Grotto

abstract: "The Ghost of the Grotto" is a 26-page Disney comics story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks. It was first published in Donald Duck Four Color #159.

text:
# The Ghost of the Grotto

"**The Ghost of the Grotto**" is a 26-page Disney comics story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks. It was first published in *Donald Duck* *Four Color* #159 (August 1947).

## Plot

Donald Duck and his nephews have rented a boat in order to collect seaweed in the West Indies for money. When they get back on land in order to wait out the low tide so they can collect seaweed inside a grotto, the four hear that "tonight is the night". It turns out that tonight is the night when the ghost of the grotto kidnaps a little boy. With the ducks luck, Dewey is the one to be kidnapped. Now the ducks are faced with the task of saving Dewey and not only have to face the kidnapper, but an octopus guarding a giant ship. The ducks manage to get rid of the octopus by using a ton of pepper, while collecting a ton of seaweed in the process. Later, Donald uses a mouse named Montmorency to disarm the kidnapper. He is revealed to be the latest guardian of the treasure of Sir Francis Drake while Dewey was expected to succeed him. The story ends with the guardian being allowed to keep the treasure and spend it as he sees fit, which to him, is on fancy clothing and hamburgers.

## Development

In a 1974 interview with Michael Barrier, Barks said, "I can remember the first idea I had on that was just trying to figure out something Donald could do. I thought of him sailing boats and came up with a potential ten pages of gathering seaweed, and selling this kelp, which would give me a lot of gags with boats. Like I told you before, I think of a scene, I mean a locale, and think, 'Well, I feel in the mood to draw boats, and the ocean, and so on,' and that would cause me to start working on that particular type of story. As I developed more and more things with the story, I think it's quite possible that that 'Ghost of the Grotto' was brought in as a menace. There is so much in that, I couldn't have thought of it in a whole bucketful of writing at once. It had to come out one thing after another."

## Reception

Thomas Andrae writes that "The Ghost of the Grotto" marks a turn in Barks' writing toward the themes of Gothic fiction, which focus on "psychic repression and the fragmentation of self-identity, focusing on obsession, taboo, and the irrational." The story "introduces a motif that will inform many later Donald and Scrooge adventures: that western civilization's lust for conquest and empire and obsession with wealth and power invariably lead to alienation and self-disintegration."

1. Barrier, Michael (1981). *Carl Barks and the Art of the Comic Book*. New York: M. Lilien. p. 80. ISBN 0-9607652-0-4.
2. Andrae, Thomas (2006). *Carl Barks and the Disney Comic Book: Unmasking the Myth of Modernity*. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-1578068586.

## InfoBox

| "The Ghost of the Grotto" | |
| --- | --- |
| Original cover by Carl Buettner | |
| Story code | W OS 159-01 |
| Story | Carl Barks |
| Ink | Carl Barks |
| Date | August 1947 |
| Pages | 26 |
| Layout | 4 rows per page |
| Appearances | Donald Duck<br>Huey, Dewey and Louie |
| First publication | *Four Color* #159 |


title: Freezerburns

abstract: Freezerburns was a frozen food review web show hosted by Gregory Ng. Calling himself the "Frozen Food Master", Ng ate and reviewed various brands of frozen food and assigned them a rating based on his opinion. The show started on his website, freezerburns.com, but expanded onto YouTube and joined Next New Networks' Hungry Nation channel, and could be seen on around twenty other websites. With 55,000 site visitors per month and 5,000 views per show, Freezerburns attracted the attention of large food companies like Kraft and ConAgra, who sent Ng packages of frozen food to review. Freezerburns was also featured on a variety of news and blogs.

text:
# Freezerburns

***Freezerburns*** was a frozen food review web show hosted by Gregory Ng. Calling himself the "Frozen Food Master", Ng ate and reviewed various brands of frozen food and assigned them a rating based on his opinion. The show started on his website, freezerburns.com, but expanded onto YouTube and joined Next New Networks' Hungry Nation channel, and could be seen on around twenty other websites. With 55,000 site visitors per month and 5,000 views per show, *Freezerburns* attracted the attention of large food companies like Kraft and ConAgra, who sent Ng packages of frozen food to review. *Freezerburns* was also featured on a variety of news and blogs.

## Format

Gregory Ng, the self-proclaimed "Frozen Food Master," served as the host for each episode of *Freezerburns*. Each episode began with the *Freezerburns* theme song written and sung by independent artist Skyrmish. Along with written reviews available on the *Freezerburns* website, Greg hosted different types of reviews, among them full length reviews, one word reviews, "Fro-Down" reviews, which featured a comparison between two similar items, and Live reviews. Ng's style was relaxed, speaking casually to the audience. He displayed the frozen dish, and, after cooking, commented on its taste, sometimes upon the first bite. Each episode ended with a "question of the day," which helped Ng interact with his followers.

## Cast and crew

Ng has described *Freezerburns* as "a one-man show" and stated that no one assisted him in making the videos. He spent 25 hours a week filming, editing, and responding to emails about *Freezerburns*. On special occasions, such as Live reviews, Greg was joined by co-hosts.

## Reception

Reaction to *Freezerburns* was mostly positive, praising the content as well as the idea. Liz Shannon Miller of GigaOM has said Ng produced "exceptionally thorough reviews" that "also manage\[d\] to be quite entertaining." David Garland of Open Forum praised Ng's concept and marketing strategy, stating the webshow was "a fantastic example of creative marketing and putting ideas into action."

## Cancellation

On August 31, 2014, Ng published his review of Kid Cuisine's How to Train Your Dragon Chicken Nuggets. In the middle of the video, Ng appears to be fed up with the quality of the meal and abruptly walks off camera, declaring he was quitting the show.

Many critics and fans have accused Ng of staging this ending. In an interview with Adweek, Ng explained ending the show was in the works, but the timing was spontaneous, "I reviewed this particular Kid Cuisine meal and I just got very angry during the review. It is geared at kids, and it just isn't anything I would serve to them. It was also a meal that has a commercial tie-in with the *How to Train Your Dragon 2* movie, and the commercialization of the meal made me upset. I record every episode in one take, and it just happened. So it wasn't staged, but there was certainly a buildup to this moment."

Additional coverage pointed to the unhealthiness of frozen food and applauded Ng for taking a stand against processed foods. In an interview with Inside Edition, Ng revealed he had been in contact with representatives from ConAgra, the manufacturer of the Kid Cuisine frozen food line.

In an interview with CBS This Morning, Ng revealed that even though across all video channels, he was receiving upwards of 200,000 views per episode, the popularity of his final episode caught him by surprise.

## InfoBox

| *Freezerburns* | |
| --- | --- |
| Logo | |
| Genre | Reviewing |
| Created by | Gregory Ng |
| Presented by | Gregory Ng |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 692 |
| Original release | |
| Network | YouTube, Next New Networks |
| Release | 2008 (2008)–2014 (2014) |


title: Freezing (manga)

abstract: Freezing is a Japanese manga written by Dall-Young Lim and illustrated by Kwang-Hyun Kim. The series revolves around the invasion of Earth by an interdimensional force called the Nova, and a special military group of genetically engineered young women called Pandoras. Pandoras fight alongside their male partners known as Limiters, who are created to combat the Nova. The story centers around Kazuya Aoi, a Limiter whose late sister was a Pandora, and Satellizer el Bridget, a Pandora with a cold personality who is known as the "Untouchable Queen" due to her intense aphephobia. Both are enrolled at West Genetics Academy, which is a training school for Pandoras and Limiters. Freezing began serialization in Kill Time Communication's seinen manga magazine Comic Valkyrie in its March 2007 issue. The first collected volume was released on October 17, 2010, with a total of 28 volumes made as of August 27, 2015 under its Valkyrie Comics imprint. An English translation by Seven Seas Entertainment is also currently available. On August 12, 2010, an anime adaptation produced by A.C.G.T was announced, airing twelve episodes in Japan between January and April 2011 on AT-X and on other channels. The anime is licensed in North America by Funimation Entertainment, who released the series in August 2012. A second anime season titled Freezing Vibration premiered on October 4, 2013. There are currently three spin-off series based on the world of Freezing being published. The first spin-off, called Freezing: First Chronicle, was serialized in Comic Valkyrie from the November 2011 issue to the March 2012 issue. The second spinoff, called Freezing: Zero, began serialization in the May 2012 issue of Comic Valkyrie. A third spinoff, called Freezing Pair Love Stories (フリージング　ペアラブストーリーズ), began serialization in the April 2013 issue of Comic Valkyrie.

text:
# Freezing (manga)

***Freezing*** (Japanese: フリージング, Hepburn: *Furījingu*) is a Japanese manga written by Dall-Young Lim and illustrated by Kwang-Hyun Kim. The series revolves around the invasion of Earth by an interdimensional force called the Nova, and a special military group of genetically engineered young women called Pandoras. Pandoras fight alongside their male partners known as Limiters, who are created to combat the Nova. The story centers around Kazuya Aoi, a Limiter whose late sister was a Pandora, and Satellizer el Bridget, a Pandora with a cold personality who is known as the "Untouchable Queen" due to her intense aphephobia. Both are enrolled at West Genetics Academy, which is a training school for Pandoras and Limiters.

*Freezing* began serialization in Kill Time Communication's seinen manga magazine *Comic Valkyrie* in its March 2007 issue. The first collected volume was released on October 17, 2010, with a total of 28 volumes made as of August 27, 2015 under its *Valkyrie Comics* imprint. An English translation by Seven Seas Entertainment is also currently available. On August 12, 2010, an anime adaptation produced by A.C.G.T was announced, airing twelve episodes in Japan between January and April 2011 on AT-X and on other channels. The anime is licensed in North America by Funimation Entertainment, who released the series in August 2012. A second anime season titled ***Freezing Vibration*** (フリージング ヴァイブレーション, *Furījingu Vaiburēshon*) premiered on October 4, 2013.

There are currently three spin-off series based on the world of *Freezing* being published. The first spin-off, called ***Freezing: First Chronicle*** (フリージング ファーストクロニクル, *Furījingu: Fāsuto Kuronikuru*), was serialized in *Comic Valkyrie* from the November 2011 issue to the March 2012 issue. The second spinoff, called ***Freezing: Zero*** (フリージングZERO, *Furījingu: Zero*), began serialization in the May 2012 issue of *Comic Valkyrie*. A third spinoff, called ***Freezing Pair Love Stories*** (フリージング ペアラブストーリーズ), began serialization in the April 2013 issue of *Comic Valkyrie*.

## Plot

In 2065, Earth is in the middle of a war with extra-dimensional aliens called Nova. The military develops and trains Pandoras (パンドラ), girls who are able to use special genetic tissue called Stigmata (聖痕, *Seikon*) to manifest superhuman fighting skills and weapons. Supporting the Pandoras are male partners called Limiters (リミッター, *Rimittā*), who use special "freezing" powers to limit their opponent's mobility.

One of these limiters is Kazuya Aoi, whose late sister was a Pandora. While attending West Genetics Academy in Japan, Kazuya meets Satellizer el Bridget, a powerful Pandora, nicknamed the Untouchable Queen, for her ruthless personality and her intense aphephobia. Despite warnings from his schoolmates to keep away from Satellizer, Kazuya befriends her, and asks to be her Limiter. After helping her through several fights against school rivals of varying ranks and classes, Satellizer agrees to partner with him, although she soon encounters a rival in romance named Rana Linchen, who thinks Kazuya is her soulmate. Their rivalry is put aside when the Novas attack their school using Pandoras under their control to access the school's underground lab.

Satellizer and Kazuya join a handful of West Genetics students to a research lab in Alaska, where they are to help with the Evolution Pandora (E-Pandora) project. The E-Pandora project allows ordinary girls to undergo Stigmata transplants and become Pandoras. When one of the E-Pandoras goes berserk, the others question whether the drugs in the experiment are safe, but are forced to comply with the director and the corporation's wishes. Upon discovering that they are to be used until they are expendable, the E-Pandora Amelia Evans leads a rebellion which escalates into a full-on Nova Clash.

Kazuya learns more about his family's connections to the Pandora and the Nova. Kazuya's grandfather Gengo Aoi launches a similar project, which puts Satellizer and Rana into a special team with girls called Valkyries. However, during the demonstration exercise with custom-designed dummy Nova, the Pandoras experience illusions, and the dummy Novas become a legion of hundreds of Nova that decimate Genetics. Gengo counters this by unleashing the Legendary Pandoras who are Kazuya's aunts. The Chevalier attempt to assassinate Gengo using a group of convicts called the Busters, but the mission falls apart when some of the Legendary Pandoras turn into deadly Novas due to the anti-freezing of the busters, but they are defeated by the power of Kazuya's special freezing, and Arcadia 01, Daughter of Cassandra conceived from Kazuha's father which awakens from stasis in response to her brother's awakened power.

Before Chevalier launches another attack, Gengo moves on with his main plan, which involves sending Kazuya to Elca, the world from which the Novas come from to learn the truth about them. During his time there, he discovers that there might be a direct link between the two worlds with relation to Novas, Pandoras, and Limiters. There also appear to be several alternate versions of people he knows on Elca.

## Media

### Manga

Written by Korean manhwa author Dall-Young Lim and illustrated by Kwang-Hyun Kim, *Freezing* began serialization in Kill Time Communication's male-oriented Japanese manga magazine *Comic Valkyrie* in its March 2007 issue. The first collected bound volume was released in October 26, 2007, with a total of thirty volumes sold in Japan as of August 26, 2016 under its *Valkryie Comics* imprint. *Freezing* is currently split into two parts: Part 1 which ran from Volume 1 to Volume 14, spanning 96 chapters; and Part 2, going from Volume 15 onwards and currently ongoing in *Comic Valkyrie*. Outside Japan, *Freezing* is published in South Korea by Haksan Culture Company and serialized in *Booking*; in France by Bamboo Edition under their Doki-Doki manga imprint; and in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing. An English translation of *Freezing* is currently being published in 2-in-1 omnibus editions, starting with Volumes 1-2 by Seven Seas Entertainment in June 2015. As of early 2019, the manga has been put on indefinite hiatus due to circumstances regarding the authors.

A spinoff manga, called *Freezing: First Chronicle* (フリージング ファーストクロニクル, *Furījingu: Fāsuto Kuronikuru*), illustrated by Jae-Ho Yoon (the illustrator of Lim's light novel-based manhwa *The Phantom King*), began serialization in the November 2011 issue of *Comic Valkyrie* (released on September 27, 2011), and ran four chapters until the March 2011 issue (released January 27, 2012). A prequel to the original series, the story centers on Chiffon Fairchild and Ticy Phenyl's first year at West Genetics prior to them becoming Student Council President and Vice President, and also explains the origin of Chiffon's title, "The Unmatched Smiling Monster". *First Chronicle* was later released as a *tankōbon* volume on February 29, 2012.

A second spinoff manga, called *Freezing: Zero* (フリージングZERO, *Furījingu: Zero*), illustrated by Soo-Cheol Jeong (the illustrator of Lim's novel-based manhwa *The Legend of Maian*), began serialization in the May 2012 issue of *Comic Valkyrie* (published on March 27, 2012) and ended on September 4, 2015. Like *First Chronicle* before it, *Zero* is also a prequel to the original series, chronicling the back stories of many Pandoras prior to them attending Genetics. The first bound volume of *Zero*, centering on Kazuha Aoi's second year at West Genetics alongside Yumi and Elize, was released on August 29, 2012. *Zero* was collected into nine volumes.

A third spinoff manga, called *Freezing Pair Love Stories* (フリージング ペアラブストーリーズ), illustrated by So-Hee Kim, was serialized in *Comic Valkyrie* from April 2013 to March 2014 and was collected into three volumes.

### Anime

An anime adaptation produced by A.C.G.T aired on AT-X from January 8 to April 2, 2011. The series aired uncensored in 4:3 format on AT-X, while the airing on Tokyo MX and other channels, which began on January 9, 2011, were in 16:9 widescreen format, albeit heavily censored. Episodes 11 and 12 were pushed back due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Six DVD and Blu-ray volumes were released by Media Factory between March 23, 2011, and August 24, 2011, each volume containing two episodes and an original video animation called *It'll Explode! Heart-Pounding Trouble♥Freezing* (はじけちゃう!ドキドキトラブル♥フリージング, *Hajikechau! Dokidoki Toraburu♥Furījingu*), as well as other bonus material. The anime is licensed in North America by Funimation Entertainment for simulcasting (in its 16:9 censored format prior to the Elite subscription) on their video portal, Funimation later gained additional licensing rights to the series, and released the series on August 28, 2012, on DVD and Blu-ray. A second anime season, titled *Freezing Vibration* (フリージング ヴァイブレーション), premiered on October 4, 2013, with a promotional video being featured at the 2013 Anime Contents Expo and the show's official website. Funimation simulcasted *Vibration* on their website.

The opening theme for the series is "Color" by MARiA, a cover of a song that was originally sung by the Vocaloid Hatsune Miku, while the ending theme is "To Protect You" (君を守りたい, *Kimi o Mamoritai*) by Aika Kobayashi, who was making her performing debut. A CD single containing the two songs was released by Media Factory on February 23, 2011. For the second season, the opening theme is "Avenge World" and the ending theme is "The World Embraces Scars" (世界は疵を抱きしめる, *Sekai wa Kizu o Dakishimeru*), both are performed by Konomi Suzuki.

### Internet

An internet radio show called *Izumi Kitta and Aya Uchida of Freezing: West Middlefield Genetics Academy!!* (橘田いずみと内田彩のフリージング ウエストミドルフィールド ゼネティックス学園分校!!) aired six episodes on HiBiKi Radio Station between December 10, 2010, and May 13, 2011. The show is hosted by Izumi Kitta and Aya Uchida, the respective voices for Cleo Brand and Ticy Phenyl. Each radio episode features guest voices from the anime series. One of those interviews featured Kobayashi's first radio interview, which was notable since Uchida was interviewing a future *Love Live!* colleague – Uchida was already portraying Kotori Minami from μ's (*School Idol Project*) while Kobayashi went on to portray Yoshiko Tsushima from Aqours (*Sunshine!!*)

An internet video show called *Freezing: Genetics TV* (フリージング ゼネティックスTV, *Furījingu Zenetikkusu Terebi*) aired on Media Factory's official YouTube account. The show is hosted by Mamiko Noto and Kana Hanazawa, the respective voices of Satellizer el Bridget and Rana Linchen, and ran eight episodes from December 10, 2010, to March 10, 2011.

## Reception

The anime adaption of *Freezing* has received generally positive reviews. The series' animation, character development and soundtrack were frequently praised, though critics' thoughts on the series' plotline and sexualization was generally more mixed. Davey C. Jones of Active Anime lauded *Freezing* as a "fantastic series that is part sci-fi and a huge part twisted fan service", which, "despite all the gratuity, the story is solid and had heart". Additional praise was directed at the animation, vibrant characters (including the relationship between Kazuya and Satellizer), as well as the soundtrack, with Jones writing that "the anime was great \[...\] it's sick, it's twisted, yet somehow also managed to be sweet at times." In a later review of *Freezing: The Complete Series* (which includes *Vibration*), Jones continued to praise the characters, storyline, and sexualization, writing that it "has the action, the gripping story and wonderful visuals it \[*Freezing*\] has come to be known for – *Freezing* will captivate you." Although some criticism was directed at the series' plot holes, the positive reception was echoed by Brian Auxier of Anime Herald, whom praised the strong visuals, noting that "scenes burst with color as heroines speed through the air. The animation is clean, and the overall sense of speed is exhilarating." The Funimation English dub was also commended as being fitting, with Auxier concluding that "the intense and sexually charged combat scenes are the real centerpiece of the series, and generally eclipse the major faults in storytelling. Fans of action and fan service need to look no farther than *Freezing*. This one's definitely for you." Sequential Tart too opined that the series was highly enjoyable, praising the "exciting" story, breadth of characters, and the action scenes, with "the battles \[being\] as exciting as they are bloody", for a rating of 8 out of 10.

Theron Martin of Anime News Network gave the series a B− overall, stating "As is, the series is nowhere near as bad as its premise suggested it could have been, and comes off a little better in the end than the initial impression it gives, but its appeal is still not going to extend much beyond the normal crowd of fan service and graphic action aficionados." The writing quality and character development was critiqued as varied, though praise was directed at the visuals. *Freezing* ranked 14th on a list of "36 Titillating Ecchi Anime That Won't Let You Down" by anime website GoBoiano. Martin earlier gave *Freezing* a score of 3.5 out of 5 in his preview of 2011 winter anime, finding the artwork and animation to be very good at times though sometimes inconsistent; however, he opined that "any of the series' other potential weaknesses aren't going to matter if you have a sweet spot for the fan service/violence combo, though, as on that front it scores big-time." Carl Kimlinger, also of Anime News Network, complained that the mixture of the "serious" premise and storyline coupled with the gratuitous sexualization was "uncomfortable at best; disturbing at worst", and attacked the "creative bankruptcy, interminable explication, lazy characterization" of the series. Ultimately, a score of 1.5 was given. Carlo Santos too gave *Freezing* a score of 1.5, finding it to feel "like the brainchild of that one person you knew in high school \[who wrote a\] Big Epic Space Adventure that no publisher would be dumb enough to accept because it was too unwieldy and confusing \[...\] Except that in Japan, someone actually did accept that Big Epic Space Adventure. And made an unwieldy, confusing anime out of it."

*Freezing: Vibration* also received generally positive critical reception. Anime News Network's Theron Martin noted that "the content follows through well enough that this is looking like a largely satisfying follow-up to the original" for a final score of 3 out of 5. Chris Beveridge of *The Fandom Post* commended the audio and storytelling capability of *Vibration*, and particular praise was directed at the humanity and relatability of the characters, including Elizabeth's character and Satellizer's backstory, with Beveridge finding the series to not be afraid of "screwing with" its cast. *Vibration* was summarized as "solid \[...\] across the board and it's definitely a great second act to the story of *Freezing*", with a content grade of A−. Sequential Tart rated *Vibration* an 8 out of 10, critiquing the "deeper and darker" direction of the plot (especially Satellizer's past relationship with her brother Louis), new characters, and storyline, finding the enjoyability of the second season to be "equally as well as the first, though in different ways. It has great characters and an interesting story."

1. Loo, Egan (March 25, 2013). "Freezing Sci-Fi Action Anime Gets 2nd Season". *Anime News Network*.
2. "Freezing Creators Put Manga on Hiatus, Launch New Series in April". 8 January 2024.
3. "*Freezing Extension*". *Official Website - QooApp : Anime Game Platform*. © QooApp. Retrieved 1 Jul 2024.
4. フリージングEX【公式】 \[@cr\_fzgex\] (30 Aug 2019). "【重要】課金停止のお知らせと運営サービス終了予告のお知らせ 本日のメンテナンス後にて、『ルビー』及び「アイテムパック」の販売を停止致しました。2019年10月31日(木)正午12:00をもちまして、サービスの提供を終了することとなりました。詳細はゲーム内告知・及び公式HPにてご確認ください。" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 Jul 2024  via Twitter.
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31. March 11th, 2011 – Aika Kobayashi interviewed by Aya Uchida and Izumi Kitta (English Subtitles) YouTube
32. "商品情報 Release - CD". freezing.tv. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
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## InfoBox

| Freezing | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first manga volume featuring Satellizer el Bridget | |
| フリージング<br>(*Furījingu*) | |
| Genre | Action, science fiction |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Lim Dall-young |
| Illustrated by | Kim Kwang-Hyun |
| Published by | Kill Time Communication |
| English publisher |  |
| Magazine | *Comic Valkyrie* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | January 27, 2007November 30, 2018 (on hiatus) |
| Volumes | 33 |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Takashi Watanabe |
| Produced by | Shinsaku Tanaka<br>Takashi Tachizaki |
| Written by | Masanao Akahoshi |
| Music by | Masaru Yokoyama |
| Studio | ACGT |
| Licensed by | Crunchyroll |
| Original network |  |
| English network |  |
| Original run | January 8, 2011  April 7, 2011 |
| Episodes | 12 + 6 OVAs |
| Manga | |
| *Freezing: First Chronicle* | |
| Written by | Dall-Young Lim |
| Illustrated by | Jae-Ho Yoon |
| Published by | Kill Time Communication |
| Magazine | *Comic Valkyrie* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | September 27, 2011January 27, 2012 |
| Volumes | 1 |
| Manga | |
| *Freezing: Zero* | |
| Written by | Dall-Young Lim |
| Illustrated by | Soo-Cheol Jeong |
| Published by | Kill Time Communication |
| Magazine | *Comic Valkyrie* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | March 27, 2012September 4, 2015 |
| Volumes | 9 |
| Manga | |
| *Freezing Pair Love Stories* | |
| Written by | Dall-Young Lim |
| Illustrated by | So-Hee Kim |
| Published by | Kill Time Communication |
| Magazine | *Comic Valkyrie* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | March 27, 2013February 28, 2014 |
| Volumes | 3 |
| Anime television series | |
| *Freezing Vibration* | |
| Directed by | Takashi Watanabe |
| Produced by | Shō Tanaka<br>Satoshi Ōmori<br>Shingo Yokota<br>Tatsuya Ueki |
| Written by | Masanao Akahoshi |
| Music by | Masaru Yokoyama |
| Studio | A.C.G.T |
| Licensed by | Crunchyroll |
| Original network | * AT-X (4:3, uncensored) * Tokyo MX, SUN, TV Aichi, BS11 (16:9, censored) |
| Original run | October 4, 2013  December 20, 2013 |
| Episodes | 12 + 6 OVAs |
| Video game | |
| *Freezing Extension* | |
| Developer | CREEK & RIVER Co., Ltd. |
| Publisher | TRINITY GAMES |
| Genre | Bishōjo, RPG, Strategy |
| Platform | Android, iOS |
| Released | August 23, 2018 –<br>October 31, 2019 |


title: Maxine Lewis

abstract: Maxine Lewis is a producer, talent scout, and event planner for Harlem's Amateur Night. She was Percy Sutton's spokeswoman. Percy Sutton was a Harlem leader and co-founder of the Inner City Broadcasting Corporation. The Inner City group was founded in 1970. It was founded by a group of prominent African-American New Yorkers, such as Clarence Benjamin Jones, Hal Jackson, Carl McCall, Wilbert Tatum, David Dinkins, Betty Shabazz, and other shareholders that were active in business, community civic involvements and development. Percy Sutton was a long term Manhattan Borough president and was a high-ranking black elected official in New York City. He was a civil rights lawyer, an entrepreneur and freedom rider. The Inner City Broadcasting Corporation bought WLIB-AM, one of the city's first African American owned radio stations. Maxine Lewis starting working for Percy Sutton in the early 80s. Sutton produced It's Showtime at the Apollo, a syndicated, music television show first broadcast on September 12, 1987. She has worked for the Apollo theatre for decades as a producer for Showtime at the Apollo, and Apollo Kids at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. She has been an organizer for over 21 years for the 154/153 streets' Extended Family Reunion in Harlem, an event that brings residents from the neighborhood and residents that used to live in the area in July of each year.

text:
# Maxine Lewis

**Maxine Lewis** is a producer, talent scout, and event planner for Harlem's Amateur Night (Showtime at the Apollo). She was Percy Sutton's spokeswoman. Percy Sutton was a Harlem leader and co-founder of the Inner City Broadcasting Corporation. The Inner City group was founded in 1970. It was founded by a group of prominent African-American New Yorkers, such as Clarence Benjamin Jones, Hal Jackson, Carl McCall, Wilbert Tatum, David Dinkins, Betty Shabazz, and other shareholders that were active in business, community civic involvements and development. Percy Sutton was a long term Manhattan Borough president and was a high-ranking black elected official in New York City. He was a civil rights lawyer, an entrepreneur and freedom rider. The Inner City Broadcasting Corporation bought WLIB-AM, one of the city's first African American owned radio stations. Maxine Lewis starting working for Percy Sutton in the early 80s. Sutton produced It's Showtime at the Apollo, a syndicated, music television show first broadcast on September 12, 1987.

She has worked for the Apollo theatre for decades as a producer for Showtime at the Apollo, and Apollo Kids at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. She has been an organizer for over 21 years for the 154/153 streets' Extended Family Reunion in Harlem, an event that brings residents from the neighborhood and residents that used to live in the area in July of each year.

## Early life

She was born and raised in Harlem, New York City.

## Career

Maxine Lewis is a Special Events Producer for Diamonds in the Rough Independent Entertainment since 1986.

Percy Sutton was the founder of Inner City Broadcasting Corporation. Which bought the Apollo Theatre in 1981. They rescued the Apollo Theatre from bankruptcy Court. The theatre was refurbished. She served as Percy Sutton's Executive Assistant for 19 years.

In 1992, Maxine organized and produced a memorial tribute for tap dancer Charles Coles known as Charles "Honi" Coles at the Apollo Theatre. She began working for Inner City Broadcasting Corporation in 1982. In 1984 she became the talent coordinator for amateur segments for Showtime at the Apollo and later segment producer for "Apollo Kids" segments for over 14 years. She traveled across the country looking for talent to be showcased. Some well known artists that she showcased were: Lyfe Jennings, Jermaine Paul, Ne-Yo, Jazmine Sullivan, Lauren Hill, Canton Jones, Jessica Care Moore, and more. She has a featured segment on 90.3 WHCR FM radio for Street Corner Resources giving information and updates about resources and activities for adults. She has been a community volunteer serving food for years for Thanksgiving and Christmas at the National Action Network in Harlem. She is a member of Perfecting Faith Church in Freeport, Long Island, where she utilizes her skills for community service in special events organizing and public relations work.

## Awards

2015 - Senior Citizen's Day by the New York State Office for the Aging for her community work honored for Community Service.

2015 - Senator Díaz of the Bronx, New York City presents a Senior Citizen of the Year proclamation to Maxine Lewis

2014 - Fannie Lou Hamer Honoree: for her work at the National Action Network National Crisis Manager (North Jersey Chapter)

## InfoBox

| Maxine Lewis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Harlem, New York City, New York |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Entertainment Producer |


abstract: Silva Magnet High School is a health-focused magnet high school within the El Paso Independent School District in El Paso, Texas. It is named after lifelong El Pasoan Maxine L. Silva, who once represented the area in which the school is located on the El Paso Independent School District board of trustees.

text:
# Maxine L. Silva Magnet High School for Health Care Professions

**Silva Magnet High School** is a health-focused magnet high school within the El Paso Independent School District in El Paso, Texas.

It is named after lifelong El Pasoan Maxine L. Silva, who once represented the area in which the school is located on the El Paso Independent School District board of trustees.

## Campus

Silva Magnet High School is a three-story, one-building campus located on the grounds of Jefferson High School in south-central El Paso.

The University Medical Center (formerly Thomason General Hospital) and the Texas Tech University Health Science Center are located directly across the street from Silva. Students from middle schools throughout the county apply for admission to the high school during 8th grade, leading to a diverse body of students from different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds from throughout El Paso County.

## School within a School

Ms. Charmine Deremeir was the first administrator (1993–1994) of the El Paso Magnet High School for the Health Care Professions, now known as the Maxine Silva Magnet High School for the Health Care Professions. She was instrumental in assuring the placement of the Health Magnet High School and working closely with the first group of students (Class of 1997) and their parents in determining what needed to be done to ensure that Silva would be seen as a model school.

## School prestige

Among El Paso schools (private and public), Silva Magnet High School has consistently ranked academically at or near the top in various categories. In 2006, Newsweek magazine ranked Silva Magnet High School as one of the top 1000 schools in the U.S. and was rated the highest of schools in El Paso on the list.

In 2003, 2011, and 2017 Silva received the Blue Ribbon Schools Award.

4. Career Opportunities / High School Vacancies - El Paso

## InfoBox

| Maxine L. Silva Magnet High School for Health Care Professions | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 121 Val Verde Street
El Paso, Texas 79905
United States | |
| Coordinates | 31°46′09″N 106°26′00″W / 31.769036°N 106.433213°W / 31.769036; -106.433213 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1993 |
| Principal | Yong Vega |
| Staff | 39.74 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 721 (2017–18) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.14 |
| Color(s) | Scarlet and Silver |
| Mascot | Silver Fox |
| Website | www.episd.org/silva |