title: Testolactone

abstract:
Testolactone is a non-selective, irreversible, steroidal aromatase inhibitor which is used as an antineoplastic drug to treat advanced-stage breast cancer.
The drug was discontinued in 2008 and is no longer available for medical use.

text:
# Testolactone

**Testolactone** (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name) (brand name **Teslac**) is a non-selective, irreversible, steroidal aromatase inhibitor which is used as an antineoplastic drug to treat advanced-stage breast cancer. The drug was discontinued in 2008 and is no longer available for medical use.

## Medical uses

Testolactone is mainly used for treating various types of breast cancer in women who have been through menopause or whose ovaries no longer function. It works by blocking the production of estrogens, which helps prevent the growth of breast cancers that are stimulated by estrogens. It may also prevent tumor cells from being activated by other hormones. Testolactone has also been used to postpone precocious puberty because of its ability to block estrogen production. In addition, it has been used in the treatment of gynecomastia.

Testolactone is used to treat breast cancer at a dosage of 250 mg four times per day by mouth or 100 mg three times per week by intramuscular injection.

### Available forms

Testolactone has been provided in the form of 50 mg and 250 mg oral tablets.

## Side effects

The most common side effects include:

* Abnormal skin sensations
* Aches of the legs and arms
* General body discomfort
* Hair loss
* Loss of appetite
* Nausea
* Redness of the tongue

Rare but serious side effects include:

## Pharmacology

The principal action of testolactone is reported to be inhibition of aromatase activity and the reduction in estrogen synthesis that follows. Androstenedione, a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads, is where estrone synthesis originates and is the source of estrogen in postmenopausal women. In vitro studies report that the aromatase inhibition may be noncompetitive and irreversible, and could possibly account for the persistence of this drug's effect on estrogen synthesis after drug withdrawal. Testolactone at a dosage of 1,000 mg/day has been found to decrease estradiol levels in men by 25 to 50% after 6 to 10 days of use. This reduction is substantially less than with second- and third-generation aromatase inhibitors.

In addition to its activity as an aromatase inhibitor, testolactone also reportedly possesses some anabolic activity and weak androgenic activity via binding to and activation of the androgen receptor (AR). However, its affinity for the AR is very low; in one study, it showed 0.0029% of the affinity of the anabolic steroid metribolone (100%) for the human AR (Ki = 41 μM and 1.18 nM, respectively). In accordance, androgenic side effects such as hirsutism, acne, and voice changes have been reported in no women in clinical trials with testolactone.

Pharmacodynamics of aromatase inhibitors
| Generation | Medication | Dosage | % inhibitiona | Classb | IC50c |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| First | Testolactone | 250 mg 4x/day p.o. | ? | Type I | ? |
| | | 100 mg 3x/week i.m. | ? | | |
| | Rogletimide | 200 mg 2x/day p.o.
400 mg 2x/day p.o.
800 mg 2x/day p.o. | 50.6%
63.5%
73.8% | Type II | ? |
| | Aminoglutethimide | 250 mg mg 4x/day p.o. | 90.6% | Type II | 4,500 nM |
| Second | Formestane | 125 mg 1x/day p.o.
125 mg 2x/day p.o.
250 mg 1x/day p.o. | 72.3%
70.0%
57.3% | Type I | 30 nM |
| | | 250 mg 1x/2 weeks i.m.
500 mg 1x/2 weeks i.m.
500 mg 1x/1 week i.m. | 84.8%
91.9%
92.5% | | |
| | Fadrozole | 1 mg 1x/day p.o.
2 mg 2x/day p.o. | 82.4%
92.6% | Type II | ? |
| Third | Exemestane | 25 mg 1x/day p.o. | 97.9% | Type I | 15 nM |
| | Anastrozole | 1 mg 1x/day p.o.
10 mg 1x/day p.o. | 96.7–97.3%
98.1% | Type II | 10 nM |
| | Letrozole | 0.5 mg 1x/day p.o.
2.5 mg 1x/day p.o. | 98.4%
98.9%–\>99.1% | Type II | 2.5 nM |
| **Footnotes:** a = In postmenopausal women. b = Type I: Steroidal, irreversible (substrate-binding site). Type II: Nonsteroidal, reversible (binding to and interference with the cytochrome P450 heme moiety). c = In breast cancer homogenates. **Sources:** See template. | | | | | |

## Chemistry

Testolactone, also known as 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid δ-lactone, is a synthetic 18-oxasteroid and a D-homo-18-oxo analogue of androstenedione (androst-4-en-3,17-dione), with a six-membered lactone ring in place of the five-membered carbocyclic D-ring.

## History

Testolactone was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970.

## InfoBox

Testolactone
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Teslac |
| Other names | 13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid δ-lactone; SQ-9538; Fludestrin; NSC-12173; NSC-23759 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
| Routes of
administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | Aromatase inhibitor; Antiestrogen |
| ATC code | * none |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | ~85% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Excretion | Urine |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (4a*S*,4b*R*,10a*R*,10b*S*,12a*S*)-10a,12a-Dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10a,10b,11,12,12a-decahydro-2*H*-naphtho\[2,1-*f*\]chromene-2,8(4b*H*)-dione | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| IUPHAR/BPS |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.012.304 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C19H24O3 |
| Molar mass | 300.398 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CC12CCC3C(C1CCC(=O)O2)CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC34C | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |


title: Larry Strickland

abstract: Larry Strickland was an American football center for six seasons between 1954 and 1959 for the Chicago Bears, a one-time Pro Bowler and one-time first-team All-Pro. Strickland was born in Tyler, Texas. He was selected by the Bears in the 13th round of the 1953 NFL draft. He was survived by his wife Betty Strickland, and he had no children.

text:
# Larry Strickland

**Larry Strickland** (September 3, 1931 – August 29, 1979) was an American football center for six seasons between 1954 and 1959 for the Chicago Bears, a one-time Pro Bowler and one-time first-team All-Pro.

Strickland was born in Tyler, Texas. He was selected by the Bears in the 13th round (150th overall) of the 1953 NFL draft. He was survived by his wife Betty Strickland, and he had no children.

## InfoBox

Larry Strickland
| No. 55 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Center |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1931-09-03)September 3, 1931
Tyler, Texas, U.S. |
| Died: | August 29, 1979(1979-08-29) (aged 47)
Tyler, Texas, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 248 lb (112 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | John Tyler |
| College: | North Texas |
| NFL draft: | 1953 / round: 13 / pick: 151 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tafsir Furat Kufi

abstract: Tafsir Furat Kufi is an exegesis of the Quran by Furat Ibn Furat Ibn Ibrahim al-Kufi and is one of the oldest Shia Quranic commentaries, basing itself upon hadith. The traditions used by this book are mainly narrated either from Muhammad al-Baqir, Jafar al-Sadiq or Ali's disciples such as `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Asbagh Ibn Nubata; although there are some that relate to one of the companions of Muhammad.

text:
# Tafsir Furat Kufi

**Tafsir Furat Kufi** is an exegesis of the Quran by Furat Ibn Furat Ibn Ibrahim al-Kufi (9th and 10th century A.D.) and is one of the oldest Shia Quranic commentaries, basing itself upon hadith. The traditions used by this book are mainly narrated either from Muhammad al-Baqir, Jafar al-Sadiq or Ali's disciples such as \`Abd Allah ibn \`Abbas, Mujahid and Asbagh Ibn Nubata; although there are some that relate to one of the companions of Muhammad.

## Historical discussion

In Shia Islam it is assumed that the Imams inherited their teachings from Muhammad. The Imams therefore, are considered the first authorities of Qur'anic interpretation.

## InfoBox

Tafsir Furat Kufi
| Author | Furat Ibn Furat Ibn Ibrahim al-Kufi |
| --- | --- |
| Original title | *تفسير فرات الكوفي* |
| Language | Arabic |
| Subject | Quranic exegesis |
| Genre | Islamic literature |
| Publication date | 9th-10th century A.D. |
| Publication place | Abbasid Caliphate |
| Media type | Manuscript |


title: Star Trek: ConQuest Online

abstract: Star Trek: ConQuest Online was an online digital collectible card game set in the Star Trek universe released in June 2000 for the Microsoft Windows by Activision.

text:
# Star Trek: ConQuest Online

***Star Trek: ConQuest Online*** was an online digital collectible card game set in the *Star Trek* universe released in June 2000 for the Microsoft Windows by Activision.

## Plot

Player assumes the role of a Q, an all-powerful being who is anxious to reign most clever amongst a bevy of other Qs. By utilizing collectible pieces from *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, the player manipulates the galaxy, hoping to outwit the competition and emerge victorious.

Player starts off with a predetermined set of pieces, constructed from a group of more than 150 characters, weapons, and ships, each with varying abilities and value. Player uses their pieces to gain control of the planets in their quadrant, as well as to attack and fend off their opponent's pieces. A player wins by seizing control of the challenger's home planet and capturing the Q or by holding off an opponent long enough to rack up the necessary points.

## Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

## InfoBox

| Star Trek: ConQuest Online | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Genetic Anomalies |
| Publisher(s) | Activision |
| Producer(s) | Scott Kimball |
| Designer(s) | Anthony Shubert |
| Programmer(s) | Howie Brenner
Daniel Collins
Srinadha Godvarthy
Joe Hartford |
| Artist(s) | B. J. Johnson |
| Series | *Star Trek* |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows |
| Release | * NA: June 21, 2000 * EU: June 30, 2000 |
| Genre(s) | Digital collectible card game |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |


title: Flatterland

abstract: Flatterland is a 2001 book written by mathematician and science popularizer Ian Stewart about non-Euclidean geometry. It was written as a sequel to Flatland, an 1884 novel that discussed different dimensions.

text:
# Flatterland

***Flatterland*** is a 2001 book written by mathematician and science popularizer Ian Stewart about non-Euclidean geometry. It was written as a sequel to *Flatland*, an 1884 novel that discussed different dimensions.

## Plot summary

Almost 100 years after A. (which we find out stands for Albert) Square's adventures that were related in *Flatland*, his great-great-granddaughter, Victoria Line (Vikki), finds a copy of his book in her basement. This prompts her to invite a sphere from Spaceland to visit her, but instead she is visited by the "Space Hopper" (a character looking somewhat like the "Space Hopper" children's toy with a gigantic grin, horns and a spherical body). The Space Hopper, more than being able to move between Flatland and Spaceland, can travel to any space in the *Mathiverse*, a set of all imaginable worlds. After showing Vikki higher dimensions, he begins showing her more modern theories, such as fractional dimensions and dimensions with isolated points. Topology and hyperbolic geometry are also discussed, as well as the Projective "Plain" (complete with intersecting "lions") and the quantum level. Hopper and Victoria also visit the Domain of the Hawk King to discuss time travel and the theory of relativity.

### How to Escape from a Black Hole

This is a diagram explaining how to escape from a black hole as mentioned in the book.

1. You are outside the black hole.
2. You have fallen into the black hole. A future version of yourself (4) appears and gives you a portable white hole. You use the portable white hole to escape the black hole.
3. Another future version of yourself (6) appears and gives you a time machine.
4. You go back into the black hole and give the past version of yourself (2) the portable white hole.
5. You use the time machine to go far enough into the future (i.e. millions of years) that the black hole has evaporated due to Hawking radiation.
6. You then travel back in time and give the past version of yourself (3) the time machine.
7. You are now outside of the black hole.

The dashed red line indicates the path of the portable white hole (clockwise). The dashed blue line indicates the path of the time machine (counterclockwise). Movement from the bottom towards the top generally indicates movement forward in time (not to scale) and vice versa.

## Real-world references

Ian Stewart often includes puns and topical references in his popular writing, and *Flatterland* is no exception.

## Editions

## InfoBox

Flatterland
| UK bookcover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ian Stewart |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Popular science, geometry |
| Publisher | Perseus Publishing |
| Publication date | 2001 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print, e-book |
| Pages | 320 |
| ISBN | 978-0738206752 |


title: Nick Ross (ice hockey)

abstract: Nick Ross is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for Ducs d'Angers of the Ligue Magnus. He was drafted by the Phoenix Coyotes with the 30th pick of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

text:
# Nick Ross (ice hockey)

**Nick Ross** (born February 10, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for Ducs d'Angers of the Ligue Magnus.

He was drafted by the Phoenix Coyotes with the 30th pick of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

Ross began his major junior career in the WHL with the Regina Pats in 2004–05, appearing in 10 games. After a 31-point campaign with the Pats in 2006–07, Ross was drafted 30th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft by the Phoenix Coyotes. The next season, back in the WHL, he was traded from the Pats to the Kamloops Blazers on January 5, 2008, along with Spencer Fraipont and a fourth-round bantam draft pick, in exchange for Victor Bartley and Ryan Bender. Upon being eliminated from the 2008 WHL playoffs with the Blazers, the Coyotes assigned Ross to the San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League (AHL) for the remaining 4 games of the 2007–08 AHL season.

Returning to the Blazers the following season, in 2008–09, Ross was traded, along with Alex Rodgers, just before the January 10, 2009 trade deadline, to the Vancouver Giants in exchange for Curtis Kulchar and three bantam draft picks. He finished the season with an accumulated 43 points between the two teams. In the subsequent 2009 playoffs, after sweeping the Prince George Cougars, the Giants were pushed to a seventh game against the Spokane Chiefs in the second round where Ross scored the series-clinching goal in overtime – a point shot that deflected off a Chiefs defenceman.

On July 30, 2013, Ross returned for a second stint in the Austrian Hockey League, signing a one-year contract with HDD Olimpija Ljubljana. In the 2013–14 season, Ross enjoyed a more productive second tenure in the EBEL, posting 28 points in 39 games before opting to finish the season in the Italian Elite.A with HC Asiago.

On April 16, 2014, Ross signed to continue in the EBEL, joining his third club in as many seasons in agreeing to a one-year deal with HC TWK Innsbruck.

## Family

His younger brother, Brad Ross (born 1992), was selected by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 2nd round (43rd overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, and is currently playing with the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2004–05 | Lethbridge Y Men AAA | AMHL | | 33 | 8 | 20 | 28 | 123 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2005–06 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 62 | 7 | 16 | 23 | 38 | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2006–07 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 70 | 7 | 24 | 31 | 87 | | 10 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 14 |
| 2007–08 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 41 | 3 | 25 | 28 | 60 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Kamloops Blazers | WHL | | 31 | 5 | 14 | 19 | 55 | | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 10 |
| 2007–08 | San Antonio Rampage | AHL | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | Kamloops Blazers | WHL | | 40 | 4 | 18 | 22 | 51 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | Vancouver Giants | WHL | | 34 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 32 | | 17 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 14 |
| 2009–10 | San Antonio Rampage | AHL | | 47 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 19 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2009–10 | Las Vegas Wranglers | ECHL | | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2010–11 | San Antonio Rampage | AHL | | 29 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2010–11 | Las Vegas Wranglers | ECHL | | 21 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2011–12 | Portland Pirates | AHL | | 35 | 5 | 13 | 18 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | EC Salzburg | AUT | | 9 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | Augsburger Panther | DEL | | 24 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 16 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| 2013–14 | HDD Olimpija Ljubljana | AUT | | 39 | 8 | 20 | 28 | 89 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Asiago Hockey 1935 | ITA | | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 8 | | 11 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| 2014–15 | HC Innsbruck | AUT | | 54 | 8 | 26 | 34 | 91 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2015–16 | HC Innsbruck | AUT | | 49 | 7 | 19 | 26 | 64 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | HC Innsbruck | AUT | | 50 | 7 | 25 | 32 | 70 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| 2017–18 | HKM Zvolen | Slovak | | 56 | 9 | 30 | 39 | 52 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018–19 | HC Innsbruck | AUT | | 52 | 9 | 31 | 40 | 44 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | DVTK Jegesmedvék | Slovak | | 49 | 6 | 34 | 40 | 42 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020–21 | Lausitzer Füchse | DEL2 | | 44 | 8 | 29 | 37 | 96 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021–22 | Dornbirn Bulldogs | ICEHL | | 39 | 0 | 19 | 19 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021–22 | HK Dukla Michalovce | Slovak | | 14 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 10 | | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| AHL totals | | | | 115 | 6 | 21 | 27 | 51 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| AUT totals | | | | 253 | 40 | 124 | 164 | 367 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | Canada Pacific | U17 | 4th | | 6 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 14 |
| 2006 | Canada | IH18 |  | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Junior totals | | | | | 10 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 14 |

## InfoBox

| Nick Ross | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ross with the Vancouver Giants in 2009 | | | |
| Born | (1989-02-10) February 10, 1989
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 188 lb (85 kg; 13 st 6 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| Ligue Magnus team
Former teams | *Ducs d'Angers*
San Antonio Rampage
Portland Pirates
EC Red Bull Salzburg
Augsburger Panther
HDD Olimpija Ljubljana
HC Asiago
HC TWK Innsbruck
HKM Zvolen
DVTK Jegesmedvék
Lausitzer Füchse
Dornbirn Bulldogs
HK Dukla Michalovce | | |
| NHL draft | 30th overall, 2007
Phoenix Coyotes | | |
| Playing career | 2008present | | |


title: Horndean

abstract: Horndean is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district, in Hampshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Portsmouth. The nearest railway station is 2.2 miles (3.5 km) southeast of the village at Rowlands Castle. The village had a population of 12,942 at the 2011 Census, and shares the semi-rural character of others in the district. The village was the home of Gales Brewery from 1850. In 2005, it was bought by Fuller, Smith and Turner, who closed it in 2006, when it was converted to shops and flats.

text:
# Horndean

**Horndean** is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district, in Hampshire, England, 8 miles (13 km) north of Portsmouth.

The nearest railway station is 2.2 miles (3.5 km) southeast of the village at Rowlands Castle.

The village had a population of 12,942 at the 2011 Census, and shares the semi-rural character of others in the district.

The village was the home of Gales Brewery from 1850. In 2005, it was bought by Fuller, Smith and Turner, who closed it in 2006, when it was converted to shops and flats.

## History

Horndean expanded in the early Middle Ages due to its convenient position as a staging post on the road from Portsmouth to London (now the A3). In 1836 it became home to the Hon. Sir Charles Napier Senior, father to the more famous Sir Charles Napier, who purchased a property in the village called The Grove but subsequently changed its name to Merchistoun Hall (named after his former home in Falkirk, Scotland). Merchistoun Hall is now a Grade II listed building and serves as the village's major community centre. Horndean was bypassed by main line railways but was served by trams of the Portsdown and Horndean Light Railway until 1935 and thereafter by buses.

A three-storey workhouse was built during Victorian times to home the local poor. This stood on a site currently developed into a large retirement complex in 2017/18. This building had served a number of purposes including a local swimming pool. This was its primary function during the 1970s, provided by the use of a large polythene lined 'tank' on its ground floor.

Using the pool was a fairly unpleasant experience by today's standards due to its small size, lack of poolside space and most of all - daylight. The first and second floors were used in latter years as a small lampshade factory. Defunct and dangerous, the entire building was demolished in spring 1982, leaving a small building that was closed and eventually demolished with the construction of the new retirement development in 2017.

The village experienced significant expansion in the 20th century, particularly with the building of the Hazleton estate on the former grounds of Merchistoun Hall in the early 1960s, and the building of the A3(M) motorway in the 1970s, which passes under a bridge adjacent to the village centre. The easy access to the motorway has encouraged an influx of light industry to the village, most of it concentrated in three major estates, the most recent of which is Hazelton Interchange, built in the early 1990s. The centre of the village has a 1960s built small shopping precinct which is home to specialist businesses, as well as a cafe, fast food and newsagent.

In 1992, Horndean was the site of the high-profile child murder of Helen Gorrie, who was found strangled to death after going out one night to meet local man John Corcoran. He was convicted of the murder in 1999 but was released on a technicality in 2003 and moved back to Warren Park in Havant. Her murder remains officially unsolved.

## Toponymy

Dean refers to the old English word "denu" meaning valley, and the name *Horndean* most likely means "valley by a horn-shaped hill" (the horn-shaped hill probably being Horndean Down). Alternatively "Harne" is the old English word for Dormouse making it "valley of the Dormouse". The second part of the name, *Dean*, can also mean forest, giving rise to further connotations.

## Community

Horndean's major community centres are Horndean Community Association at Merchistoun Hall and Barton Hall, Horndean Technology College. There is also a youth centre, RKdia. Other venues include Napier Hall, which was partially rebuilt in 2004, and the Jubilee Hall, opened in 2002. The two C of E churches in the area are Holy Trinity at Blendworth and All Saints in neighbouring Catherington. In 2020, Hampshire County Council announced plans to close Horndean library.

The surrounding villages are Catherington, Cowplain, Blendworth, Rowlands Castle and Clanfield.

## Sport and leisure

Horndean has a Non-League football club Horndean F.C., which plays at Five Heads Park.

## Twinning

The village of Horndean has been 'twinned' with the town of Aubergenville in France since 1998. Various activities and exchange visits are organised by the Horndean Parish Twinning Association.

* Aubergenville, France

## Politics

Horndean is in the Meon Valley constituency for elections to the House of Commons. Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was in the South East England constituency for elections to the European Parliament.

## Media

ITV Meridian and BBC South are the local ITV and BBC television franchises. ITV Meridian and BBC South is received from the Rowridge transmitting station, on the Isle of Wight (though some parts towards Clanfield use the Horndean relay transmitter, which uses Rowridge as the signal feed for the relay station).

Radio services are received from Chillerton Down, on the Isle of Wight.

The local newspapers and publications are *The Village News* (free) and  *The News*.

## InfoBox

| Horndean | |
| --- | --- |
| Village and civil parish | |
| St. Edmund's Church | |
| HorndeanLocation within Hampshire | |
| Population | 12,639 <br>12,942 (2011 Census including Catherington and Lovedean) |
| OS grid reference | SU706131 |
| Civil parish | * Horndean |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | WATERLOOVILLE |
| Postcode district | PO8 |
| Dialling code | 023 |
|  | |
| Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific

abstract: Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific is an aircraft maintenance unit of the United States Navy. It is located at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan. It is a subsidiary of the Navy's Commander, Fleet Readiness Center (COMFRC).

text:
# Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific

**Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific** (**FRC WESTPAC**) is an aircraft maintenance unit of the United States Navy. It is located at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan. It is a subsidiary of the Navy's Commander, Fleet Readiness Center (COMFRC).

## History

Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific (FRCWP) originated in the mid-1950s and was known as the Fleet Air Western Pacific Rework Activity (FAWPRA). On 1 October 1980 FAWPRA was renamed to Naval Air Pacific Repair Activity (NAPRA). And, on 1 October 2008, NAPRA was renamed to Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific.

## Mission

To provide ready-for-tasking aircraft and aviation support equipment to U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Pacific Fleet forces, permanently sited in or deployed to Pacific Command (PACOM) and Central Command (CENTCOM) areas of responsibility by providing cost-effective organic and commercial depot-level rework, modification and repair of Naval Aviation weapon systems, support equipment and aeronautical components.

## Personnel

FRC WESTPAC’s approximately 200 personnel located at NAF Atsugi, MCAS Iwakuni, Busan Korea, and MCAS Futenma Okinawa continue to provide essential aviation depot services to fleet units ashore and afloat from the Northern Pacific westward to the Eastern United States.

## Past commanders

NAPRA

* Commander William M. Yerkes (10 October 1989 - 3 July 1990)
* Commander John R. Bramer (3 July 1990 - 9 June 1992)
* Commander Gary S. O'Neill (9 June 1992 - 17 December 1993)
* Commander Mark J. Swaney (17 December 1993 - 20 July 1995)
* Commander James A. Jones, Jr. (20 July 1995 - 4 January 1997)
* Commander Karl E. Yeakel (4 January 1997 - 23 June 1998)
* Commander John W. Scanlan II (23 June 1998 - 12 December 1999)
* Commander Dorothy J. Freer (14 December 1999- 29 June 2001)
* Commander Michael G. Berkin (29 June 2001 - 7 January 2003)
* Commander Richard J. Dorn (7 January 2003 – 8 July 2004)
* Commander Louis M. Borno, III (8 July 2004 – 6 October 2005)
* Commander Mark E. Mlikan (6 October 2005 – 26 March 2007)
* Commander Scott F. Adley (26 March 2007 – 5 December 2008)

FRC WESTPAC

* Commander Donald B. Simmons, III (5 December 2008 – 22 July 2010)
* Commander Charles M. Stuart (22 July 2010 – 14 December 2011)
* Commander Wesley Sanders (14 December 2011 – 11 July 2013)
* Commander Mark E. Nieto (11 July 2013 – 9 December 2014)
* Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Atkinson (9 December 2014 – 16 May 2016)
* Captain Matthew Edwards (16 May 2016 – 30 November 2017)
* Commander Steve Carmichael (30 November 2017 - 18 July 2019)
* Commander Randy J. Berti (18 July 2019 - 25 February 2021)
* Lieutenant Colonel Kevin M. Ryan (25 February 2021 - 15 June 2022)
* Commander Joseph M. Holt (15 June 2022 - 12 October 2023)
* Commander Wilfred H. Judd III (12 October 2023 - Present)

## InfoBox

| Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific | |
| --- | --- |
| Branch | US Navy |
| Commanders | |
| Commanding Officer | Commander Wilfred H. Judd III |
| Executive Officer | Commander Gavin D. Guidry |
| Command Master Chief | CMDSC Heidi MolinaBatista |


title: Monsters Among Us

abstract: "Monsters Among Us" is the premiere episode of the fourth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story, which premiered on October 8, 2014, on the cable network FX. It was co-written by creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk and directed by Murphy. The episode introduces Elsa Mars who runs one of the last remaining freak shows in the United States in the hamlet of Jupiter, Florida, and her recruitment of conjoined twins Bette and Dot Tattler. It also introduces the rest of her traveling performers, and the murderous clown known as Twisty. This is the first episode of American Horror Story to break the anthology format, which includes the character Pepper, who was previously featured in American Horror Story: Asylum (2012-2013). "Monsters Among Us" is the second longest episode in the series' history, at just over one hour without commercials. It received critical acclaim and positive reviews from critics who praised the characters, acting, setting, its horror elements, and the story's tone. Critics noted the character buildup, particularly that of the Tattler Twins and Elsa Mars, and Elsa Mars' performance of David Bowie's "Life on Mars?" as the episode's highlights. The episode obtained the highest ratings of any episode in the series, and is currently the most-watched American Horror Story episode. Jyoti Amge, currently the world's smallest living woman, has her American TV debut in this episode.

text:
# Monsters Among Us

"**Monsters Among Us**" is the premiere episode of the fourth season of the anthology television series *American Horror Story*, which premiered on October 8, 2014, on the cable network FX. It was co-written by creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk and directed by Murphy.

The episode introduces Elsa Mars who runs one of the last remaining freak shows in the United States in the hamlet of Jupiter, Florida, and her recruitment of conjoined twins Bette and Dot Tattler. It also introduces the rest of her traveling performers, and the murderous clown known as Twisty. This is the first episode of *American Horror Story* to break the anthology format, which includes the character Pepper (Naomi Grossman), who was previously featured in *American Horror Story: Asylum* (2012-2013).

"Monsters Among Us" is the second longest episode in the series' history, at just over one hour without commercials. It received critical acclaim and positive reviews from critics who praised the characters, acting, setting, its horror elements, and the story's tone. Critics noted the character buildup, particularly that of the Tattler Twins and Elsa Mars, and Elsa Mars' performance of David Bowie's "Life on Mars?" as the episode's highlights. The episode obtained the highest ratings of any episode in the series, and is currently the most-watched *American Horror Story* episode.

Jyoti Amge, currently the world's smallest living woman, has her American TV debut in this episode.

## Plot

In Jupiter, Florida, in 1952, conjoined twins Bette and Dot Tattler are taken to a hospital after a milkman finds them injured in their home, near their mother, who was brutally murdered. News spread of the twins' existence, leading local carnival freak show owner Elsa Mars attempting to recruit them to join her troupe. Although skeptical, the twins agree. Elsa's troupe of freaks include Jimmy Darling, a boy with syndactyly, and his mother Ethel Darling, a bearded lady.

Twisty, a killer clown, murders a teenage girl's boyfriend and a young boy's parents and imprisons the young boy and teen girl in an old bus. Jimmy kills a detective after he threatens to arrest the twins for their mother's murder. Elsa's group puts on their first show with Bette and Dot as "The Siamese Twins," there are only two attendees, a wealthy but shallow socialite Gloria Mott and her dangerously disturbed son Dandy. Dandy bargains with Elsa to buy Bette and Dot, but the twins refuse. Elsa later tells Ethel that she brought the twins aboard to get more attention for the show and boost her fame. As Elsa prepares for bed, it's revealed that she is an amputee, legless below the knees.

## Reception

"Monsters Among Us" was met with critical acclaim, and received praise from numerous television critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes holds an approval rating of 92% based on 12 reviews. The critical consensus reads: "*Freak Show* sets the template for a compelling character-driven narrative with thoughtful pacing and creepy scares." *Looper* ranked the episode twenty-sixth in their "30 Best *American Horror Story* Episodes Ranked" list.

Erik Adams of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a B+. *IGN* reviewer Matt Fowler gave the episode a 7.6 out of 10, praising the setup of the characters and the killer clown, although he felt that the introductory elements with Elsa and the twins was overlong. Critics have also praised the performances of the cast, particularly Jessica Lange and Sarah Paulson. Verne Gay of *Newsday* wrote: "Paulson's performance is so memorable that it's not a completely incidental question. Then, of course, there's Lange."

### Ratings

The episode received a total audience of 6.13 million viewers, making it the series' most watched season premiere and the series' most watched episode ever. As a result of these particular high ratings, the show was immediately renewed for a fifth season.

## InfoBox

| "**Monsters Among Us**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *American Horror Story* episode | |
| Conjoined twins Bette and Dot Tattler | |
| Episode no. | Season 4
Episode 1 |
| Directed by | Ryan Murphy |
| Written by | Ryan Murphy
Brad Falchuk |
| Featured music |  |
| Production code | 4ATS01 |
| Original air date | October 8, 2014 (2014-10-08) |
| Running time | 64 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


abstract:
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council between 1955 and 1958. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1952 triennial election with terms expiring in 1958, while the other half were elected at the 1955 triennial election with terms expiring in 1961.
  - ⁱ On 15 January 1956, Herbert Ludbrook, Liberal MLC for Ballarat Province, died. Liberal candidate Pat Dickie won the resulting by-election on 3 March 1956.
  - ⁲ On 17 May 1957, William MacAulay, Country MLC for Gippsland Province, died. Country candidate Bob May won the resulting by-election on 29 June 1957.

text:
# Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1955–1958

This is a list of **members of the Victorian Legislative Council** between 1955 and 1958. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1952 triennial election with terms expiring in 1958, while the other half were elected at the 1955 triennial election with terms expiring in 1961.

| Name | Party | Province | Term expires | Term of office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| David Arnott | Labor | Western | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Bert Bailey | Anti-Communist/DLP | Melbourne West | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Keith Bradbury | Country | North Eastern | 1961 | 1953–1978 |
| Thomas Brennan | Anti-Communist/DLP | Monash | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Charles Bridgford | Liberal and Country | South Eastern | 1961 | 1955–1961 |
| Percy Byrnes | Country | North Western | 1958 | 1942–1969 |
| Ewen Paul Cameron | Liberal and Country | East Yarra | 1961 | 1948–1960 |
| Gilbert Chandler | Liberal and Country | Southern | 1961 | 1935–1973 |
| Pat Dickie\[1\] | Liberal and Country | Ballarat | 1961 | 1956–1978 |
| Sir Clifden Eager | Independent | East Yarra | 1958 | 1930–1958 |
| Percy Feltham | Country | Northern | 1961 | 1955–1967 |
| Don Ferguson | Labor | South Western | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Bill Fulton | Country | Gippsland | 1958 | 1953–1964 |
| John Galbally | Labor | Melbourne North | 1961 | 1949–1979 |
| Charles Gawith | Liberal and Country | Monash | 1961 | 1955–1967 |
| Thomas Grigg | Liberal and Country | Bendigo | 1961 | 1951–1967 |
| Jack Jones | Labor | Ballarat | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Paul Jones | Anti-Communist/DLP | Doutta Galla | 1958 | 1938–1958 |
| Jack Little | Anti-Communist/DLP | Melbourne North | 1958 | 1954–1958 |
| Herbert Ludbrook\[1\] | Liberal and Country | Ballarat | 1961 | 1949–1956 |
| Gordon McArthur | Liberal and Country | South Western | 1961 | 1931–1965 |
| William MacAulay\[2\] | Country | Gippsland | 1961 | 1937–1957 |
| Buckley Machin | Labor | Melbourne West | 1961 | 1955–1963 |
| Ronald Mack | Liberal and Country | Western | 1961 | 1955–1968 |
| Arthur Mansell | Country | North Western | 1961 | 1952–1973 |
| Bob May\[2\] | Country | Gippsland | 1961 | 1957–1973 |
| Roy Rawson | Labor | Southern | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Pat Sheehy | Anti-Communist/DLP | Melbourne | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Hon Bill Slater | Labor | Doutta Galla | 1961 | 1949–1960 |
| Arthur Smith | Labor | Bendigo | 1958 | 1952–1964 |
| Ivan Swinburne | Country | North Eastern | 1958 | 1946–1976 |
| Fred Thomas | Labor | Melbourne | 1961 | 1948–1960 |
| Lindsay Thompson | Liberal and Country | Higinbotham | 1961 | 1955–1970 |
| George Tilley | Labor | South Eastern | 1958 | 1952–1958 |
| Dudley Walters | Country | Northern | 1958 | 1946–1964 |
| Arthur Warner | Liberal and Country | Higinbotham | 1958 | 1946–1964 |

**1**  On 15 January 1956, Herbert Ludbrook, Liberal MLC for Ballarat Province, died. Liberal candidate Pat Dickie won the resulting by-election on 3 March 1956. **2**  On 17 May 1957, William MacAulay, Country MLC for Gippsland Province, died. Country candidate Bob May won the resulting by-election on 29 June 1957.

## Sources


title: MPG/ESO telescope

abstract: The MPG/ESO telescope is a 2.2-metre f/8.0 (17.6-metre) ground-based telescope at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in La Silla, Chile. It was built by Zeiss and has been operating since 1984. It was on indefinite loan to the European Southern Observatory from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA). In October 2013 it was returned to the MPIA. Telescope time is shared between MPIA and MPE observing programmes, while the operation and maintenance of the telescope are ESO's responsibility. The telescope hosts three instruments: the 67-million-pixel Wide Field Imager with a field of view able to cover the full Moon; GROND, the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector, which chases the afterglows of the most powerful explosions in the universe, known as gamma-ray bursts; and the high-resolution spectrograph, FEROS, used to make detailed studies of stars. In November 2010 it was used to observe HIP 13044, and marked what was thought to be the first time a planetary system in a stellar stream of extragalactic origin had been detected. However, subsequent analysis in 2014 found no evidence for a planet orbiting the star.

text:
# MPG/ESO telescope

The **MPG/ESO telescope** is a 2.2-metre f/8.0 (17.6-metre) ground-based telescope at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in La Silla, Chile. It was built by Zeiss and has been operating since 1984. It was on indefinite loan to the European Southern Observatory from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA). In October 2013 it was returned to the MPIA. Telescope time is shared between MPIA and MPE observing programmes, while the operation and maintenance of the telescope are ESO's responsibility.

The telescope hosts three instruments: the 67-million-pixel **Wide Field Imager** with a field of view able to cover the full Moon; GROND, the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector, which chases the afterglows of the most powerful explosions in the universe, known as gamma-ray bursts; and the high-resolution spectrograph, FEROS, used to make detailed studies of stars.

In November 2010 it was used to observe HIP 13044, and marked what was thought to be the first time a planetary system in a stellar stream of extragalactic origin had been detected. However, subsequent analysis in 2014 found no evidence for a planet orbiting the star.

## InfoBox

MPG/ESO telescope
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of | La Silla Observatory |
| Location(s) | Atacama Desert |
| Coordinates | 29°15′28″S 70°44′12″W / 29.25786°S 70.736648°W / -29.25786; -70.736648 |
| Organization | European Southern Observatory
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy |
| Altitude | 2,375 m (7,792 ft) |
| First light | 22 June 1983 |
| Telescope style | Ritchey–Chrétien telescope |
| Diameter | 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in) |
| Secondary diameter | 0.84 m (2 ft 9 in) |
| Angular resolution | 0.3 arcsecond |
| Collecting area | 3.8 m2 (41 sq ft) |
| Focal length | 17.6 m (57 ft 9 in) |
| Mounting | equatorial mount |
| Website | www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/ |
| Location of MPG/ESO telescope | |
| Related media on Commons | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


abstract: The Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development was created in honor of Rosa Parks' husband, Raymond Parks (1903–1977). The Institute was co-founded in February 1987 by Rosa Parks and her long-time friend Elaine Eason Steele. It has its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan and Washington, DC. The purpose of the institute was to "educate and motivate youth and adults, particularly African American people, for self and community betterment."

text:
# Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development

The **Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development** was created in honor of Rosa Parks' husband, Raymond Parks (1903–1977). The Institute was co-founded in February 1987 by Rosa Parks and her long-time friend Elaine Eason Steele. It has its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan and Washington, DC. The purpose of the institute was to "educate and motivate youth and adults, particularly African American people, for self and community betterment."

## Programs

Park's husband wanted young people to get involved in community development. Different programs were developed like Pathways to Freedom which taught youth about everything from the Underground Railroad to the civil rights movement. These programs also taught life skills and community interaction. Each program was a five-week period that took place over the summer.

In the past years, staff and leaders have participated in helping young students give their talents to organizations like the Freedom Writers. These programs have gone on in helping youth return to schools for drop-out status and getting involved in their communities

The Rosa Parks Institute has made a large donation to the Save Owasippe movement. They plan to build a base camp for "Pathways to Freedom" in Muskegon.


title: Emmi Zeulner

abstract: Emmi Zeulner is a German nurse and politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2013.

text:
# Emmi Zeulner

**Emmi Zeulner** (born 27 March 1987) is a German nurse and politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2013.

## Early life and education

Born in Lichtenfels, Bavaria, Germany, Zeulner is the daughter of an innkeeper from Degendorf. She became interested in politics at an early age after hearing it discussed in her father's tavern. In cultural events, she represented her town as a basket maker. After leaving school, she studied to become a nurse. In 2008 she was elected a local councillor.

## Member of the German Bundestag, 2013–present

In January 2013, Zeulner was selected as the CSU candidate for the Kulmbach constituency, defeating two CSU candidates from neighbouring counties.

**Results**
| Candidate | Vote | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | 2 |
| **Emmi Zeulner** | 68 | **82** |
| Jörg Kunstmann | 71 | 76 |
| Alexander Hummel | 19 | - |

The Kulmbach constituency had been held by the party since a 1950 by-election and at the previous election her predecessor, the high-profile Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, had received the highest vote share in Germany. She held the seat at the 2013 election, receiving nearly 57% of the vote. She was the youngest CSU candidate in the election. After Mahmut Özdemir, she was the second youngest candidate elected.

As member of the Bundestag, Zeulner serves on the Health Committee, where she is her parliamentary group’s rapporteur on palliative and hospice medicine, drugs and other addictive substances as well as migration issues.

In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections, Zeulner was part of the working group on health policy, led by Hermann Gröhe, Georg Nüßlein and Malu Dreyer.

## Other activities

## Personal life

Zeulner and her partner Jürgen Baumgärtner have a daughter.

## InfoBox

| Emmi Zeulner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Bundestag
for Kulmbach | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
22 September 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1987-03-27) 27 March 1987
Lichtenfels, Bavaria, West Germany
(now Germany) |
| Political party | Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) |
|  | |


title: Mark Masri

abstract: Mark Masri is a Canadian singer, songwriter and producer. He is signed to EMI record label and has released five albums: Mark Masri, La Voce, Christmas Is..., A Christmas Time with You, and Intimo, as well as a special US release: See My Face US. He sings in English and also has a multilingual repertoire of interpretations. On his album La Voce he sings a collection of classic songs in six languages.

text:
# Mark Masri

**Mark Masri** (born 23 August 1973) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and producer. He is signed to EMI record label and has released five albums: *Mark Masri*, *La Voce*, *Christmas Is...*, *A Christmas Time with You*, and *Intimo*, as well as a special US release: *See My Face US*. He sings in English and also has a multilingual repertoire of interpretations. On his album *La Voce* he sings a collection of classic songs in six languages.

## History

Mark Masri was born to a Lebanese immigrant father, a Pentecostal minister, and a Canadian mother, a banker. He moved with his family from Ontario to various locations including Quebec and Nova Scotia. He started singing in his father's small church near Antigonish, Nova Scotia, when he was nine. The family returned to Scarborough, Ontario in the 1980s. At twelve he was singing in local churches and giving piano recitals. He led in many choirs and worked as a music producer for the CTS network. When his job position was eliminated, he decided to devote all his time to music. In 2000 he released his first album, self-titled *Mark Masri*.

After Masri recorded a demo with Amy Sky, on a song she thought might suit Jim Brickman, he was very interested and invited Masri in 2008 to tour with him. They also collaborated on Brickman's hit "Christmas Is..." that reached No. 18 on Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks. Masri also appeared as a guest vocalist on Jim Brickman's 2009 CD *Faith*, which was nominated for Best New Age Album at the Grammy Awards.

He is married to Angela since 1998 and they have a son together.

## Awards and nominations

* In 2001, **nominated** for a Juno Award in the category Best Gospel Album for *Mark Masri*
* In 2001, **winner** of the GMA Canada Covenant Award for
    + Pop Album of the Year: *Mark Masri*
    + Contemporary Gospel Song Of The Year: "Dwell In The House"
    + Pop Song Of The Year: "Take My Hand" (with Madeline Stone and Bernie Herms)
* In 2010, **winner** of the GMA Canada Covenant Award for three categories:
    + Classical – Traditional Song of the Year for "Time" (Mark Masri featuring Nita Whitaker) (Mark Masri jointly with Amy Sky))
    + Classical – Traditional Album of the Year for *La Voce*
    + Inspirational Song of the Year for "Hold On" ((Mark Masri jointly with Adam Crossley and John Acosta
*

## Discography

### Albums

* 2000: *Mark Masri* (independent limited edition)
* 2008: *See My Face* (only in the United States)
* 2009: *Christmas Is...*
* 2010: *La Voce*
* 2010: *A Christmas Time with You*
* 2011: *Intimo*
* 2014: *Mark Masri Live* (CD and DVD)
* 2016: *Beating Heart*

* 2008: "Christmas Is" by Jim Brickman feat. Mark Masri – reached No. 18 on Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks
* 2009: "Breathe, Dream, Pray, Love" in album *Home* (Jim Brickman feat. Mark Masri and Delta Goodrem)
* 2010: "To Be Wanted" by Olivia Newton-John feat. Mark Masri appeared on Newton-John's album *Grace and Gratitude – Renewed edition)* (United States release). The album reached US Billboard New Age albums chart at No. 2, Billboard Christian albums chart at No. 36 and Billboard Christian/Gospel albums chart at No. 54.
* 2010: "Waiting" (Rosanna Riverso feat. Mark Masri) on her album *Let There Be Peace*

## InfoBox

| Mark Masri | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Mark Masri |
| Born | (1973-08-23) 23 August 1973<br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | singer, composer, songwriter, producer |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Labels | EMI |
|  | |
| Website | markmasri.com |


title: Nietążkowo

abstract: Nietążkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śmigiel, within Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Nietążkowo

**Nietążkowo** \[ɲɛtɔ̃ʂˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śmigiel, within Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Nietążkowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Train in Nietazkowo | |
| Nietążkowo | |
| Coordinates: 51°59′50″N 16°31′57″E / 51.99722°N 16.53250°E / 51.99722; 16.53250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Kościan |
| Gmina | Śmigiel |


title: Montique Sharpe

abstract: Montique Sharpe is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Chiefs in the seventh round of the 2003 NFL draft. Sharpe played college football at Wake Forest.

text:
# Montique Sharpe

**Montique Sharpe** (born March 10, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Chiefs in the seventh round of the 2003 NFL draft. Sharpe played college football at Wake Forest.

## Early life

Sharpe attended Dunbar High School in Washington, D.C.

## College career

Sharped played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons from 1998 to 2002. He was redshirted in 1998. He earned honorable mention All-ACC honors his senior year in 2002.

## Professional career

Sharpe was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the seventh round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He officially signed with the team on July 21, 2003. He was placed on the Non-football injury list on August 26, 2003. Sharpe played in five games for the Chiefs during the 2003 season, recording four solo tackles and one sack.

Sharpe was allocated to NFL Europe in 2004 and played for the Berlin Thunder during the 2004 NFL Europe season. He appeared in 10 games, starting four, for the Thunder, totaling 10 tackles, one sack, one pass breakup and one blocked kick. The Thunder also won World Bowl XII that season. Sharpe was waived by the Chiefs on September 5, 2004 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 7, 2004. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Chiefs on January 17, 2005. He was waived on September 3, 2005.

## InfoBox

Montique Sharpe
| No. 61, 96 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive tackle |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1980-03-10) March 10, 1980<br>Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 296 lb (134 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Washington (DC) Dunbar |
| College: | Wake Forest |
| NFL draft: | 2003 / round: 7 / pick: 230 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Tackles: 4  Sacks: 1.0 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


abstract:
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council between 1961 and 1964. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1958 triennial election with terms expiring in 1964, while the other half were elected at the 1961 state election with terms expiring in 1967. The 1961 election was the first conjoint election for the Legislative Assembly and half of the Legislative Council; from that point forward, the triennial election for the Council and the general election for the Assembly would always be held on the same day, although this was not provided for automatically until 1984.[1]
  - ⁱ The 1943 state election and the 1943 triennial election were both held on 12 June 1943, and the same took place in 1904; however, these were not conjoint elections, as until 1950 the two elections had different franchise and separate rolls. See Taylor, Greg (2006). The Constitution of Victoria. Federation Press. p. 50. ISBN 1-86287-612-6.
  - ⁲ On 20 June 1963, Buckley Machin, Labor MLC for Melbourne West Province, died. Labor candidate Alexander Knight won the resulting by-election on 10 August 1963.
  - ⁳ On 18 January 1964, Ewen Paul Cameron, Liberal MLC for East Yarra Province, died. Liberal candidate Bill Campbell won the resulting by-election on 14 March 1964.

text:
# Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1961–1964

This is a list of **members of the Victorian Legislative Council** between 1961 and 1964. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1958 triennial election with terms expiring in 1964, while the other half were elected at the 1961 state election with terms expiring in 1967.

The 1961 election was the first conjoint election for the Legislative Assembly and half of the Legislative Council; from that point forward, the triennial election for the Council and the general election for the Assembly would always be held on the same day, although this was not provided for automatically until 1984.\[1\]

| Name | Party | Province | Term expires | Term of office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Keith Bradbury | Country | North Eastern | 1967 | 1953–1978 |
| Percy Byrnes | Country | North Western | 1964 | 1942–1969 |
| Murray Byrne | Liberal | Ballarat | 1964 | 1958–1976 |
| Hon Ewen Paul Cameron\[3\] | Liberal | East Yarra | 1967 | 1948–1964 |
| Bill Campbell\[3\] | Liberal | East Yarra | 1967 | 1964–1983 |
| Hon Gilbert Chandler | Liberal | Southern | 1967 | 1935–1973 |
| Vance Dickie | Liberal | Ballarat | 1967 | 1956–1978 |
| Doug Elliot | Labor | Melbourne | 1967 | 1960–1979 |
| Percy Feltham | Country | Northern | 1967 | 1955–1967 |
| Bill Fulton | Country | Gippsland | 1964 | 1953–1964 |
| John Galbally | Labor | Melbourne North | 1967 | 1949–1979 |
| Raymond Garrett | Liberal | Southern | 1964 | 1958–1976 |
| Charles Gawith | Liberal | Monash | 1967 | 1955–1967 |
| Thomas Grigg | Liberal | Bendigo | 1967 | 1951–1967 |
| Kenneth Gross | Liberal | Western | 1964 | 1958–1976 |
| Rupert Hamer | Liberal | East Yarra | 1964 | 1958–1971 |
| Alan Hunt | Liberal | South Eastern | 1967 | 1961–1992 |
| Alexander Knight\[2\] | Labor | Melbourne West | 1967 | 1963–1979 |
| Hon Sir Gordon McArthur | Liberal | South Western | 1967 | 1931–1965 |
| Buckley Machin\[2\] | Labor | Melbourne West | 1967 | 1955–1963 |
| Ronald Mack | Liberal | Western | 1967 | 1955–1968 |
| Bill Mair | Liberal | South Eastern | 1964 | 1958–1964 |
| Arthur Mansell | Country | North Western | 1967 | 1952–1973 |
| Bob May | Country | Gippsland | 1967 | 1957–1973 |
| Samuel Merrifield | Labor | Doutta Galla | 1964 | 1958–1970 |
| Graham Nicol | Liberal | Monash | 1964 | 1958–1976 |
| Jack O'Connell | Labor | Melbourne | 1964 | 1958–1972 |
| Arthur Smith | Labor | Bendigo | 1964 | 1952–1964 |
| Ivan Swinburne | Country | North Eastern | 1964 | 1946–1976 |
| Geoffrey Thom | Liberal | South Western | 1964 | 1958–1970 |
| Hon Lindsay Thompson | Liberal | Higinbotham | 1967 | 1955–1970 |
| Archie Todd | Labor | Melbourne West | 1964 | 1958–1970 |
| John Tripovich | Labor | Doutta Galla | 1967 | 1960–1976 |
| Hon Sir Arthur Warner | Liberal | Higinbotham | 1964 | 1946–1964 |
| Dudley Walters | Country | Northern | 1964 | 1946–1964 |
| John Walton | Labor | Melbourne North | 1964 | 1958–1982 |

**1**  The 1943 state election and the 1943 triennial election were both held on 12 June 1943, and the same took place in 1904; however, these were not conjoint elections, as until 1950 the two elections had different franchise and separate rolls. See Taylor, Greg (2006). *The Constitution of Victoria*. Federation Press. p. 50. ISBN 1-86287-612-6. **2**  On 20 June 1963, Buckley Machin, Labor MLC for Melbourne West Province, died. Labor candidate Alexander Knight won the resulting by-election on 10 August 1963. **3**  On 18 January 1964, Ewen Paul Cameron, Liberal MLC for East Yarra Province, died. Liberal candidate Bill Campbell won the resulting by-election on 14 March 1964.

## Sources


title: Estadio Marcelo Bielsa

abstract: Estadio Marcelo A. Bielsa is a stadium located within Parque de la Independencia in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Inaugurated in 1911, it is the home ground of club Newell's Old Boys. The venue did not have any official name until December 22, 2009, when it was named after the former coach of the club Marcelo Bielsa. Until then it was simply called El Coloso del Parque, and this remained as the stadium's popular name. Although the stadium is currently used mostly for football matches, it has hosted some rugby union games sometimes, albeit rarely. Since its opening in 1911, the stadium has been refurbished and expanded several times since. It currently holds 39,365 people.

text:
# Estadio Marcelo Bielsa

**Estadio Marcelo A. Bielsa** is a stadium located within Parque de la Independencia in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Inaugurated in 1911, it is the home ground of club Newell's Old Boys. The venue did not have any official name until December 22, 2009, when it was named after the former coach of the club Marcelo Bielsa. Until then it was simply called *El Coloso del Parque* ("The Colossus of the Park"), and this remained as the stadium's popular name. Although the stadium is currently used mostly for football matches, it has hosted some rugby union games sometimes, albeit rarely.

Since its opening in 1911, the stadium has been refurbished and expanded several times since. It currently holds 39,365 people.

## History

### Previous fields

The first pitch or "field" as it was called at that time was located between the streets Boulevard Humberto First and Avellaneda, in the northwest of the city of Rosario, in the neighborhood of the workshops. The same was achieved through management by Claudio Newell (son of Isaac Newell, founder of the club), and was opened in 1905. It was the scene of the beginning of the meetings at that time the Football League Rosarina. The same had few amenities: had only a small box lumber modest. Due to this and the growth of the club, he found a new space for the field.

In 1907, thanks to the efforts of the then Mayor of Rosario, Nicasio Vila, who ceded some land, the field moved to the block between Avenue United Provinces streets, San Luis and La Rioja, in the neighborhood Vila, in the west corner of the city.

### Parque de la Independencia

On July 23, 1911, Newell's Old Boys opened their new stadium in the Parque de la Independencia in the heart of Rosario. The stadium's design was in line with English stadiums of the time.

The original stadium was a wooden stand, and has in the years since had multiple additions to bring it to its current form. On July 9, 1918, the stadium debuted its first expansion, an iron and wooden stand for 3,000 spectators, bringing total capacity to 10,000. In 1925, the club built the north end stands. On May 26, 1929, the stadium's western stand opened, which was the first made of cement, and covered with a roof.

By 1930, Newell's had a stadium that could seat 30,000 spectators. Between 1971 and 1973, the stadium was completed with cement stands, and various other improvements and expansions.

In the 1990s, the club completed two new stands that elevated the stadium's capacity to 40,000, which took the nickname of "El Coloso del Parque" (The Colossus of the Park). The south stand was later named after superstar Diego Maradona, who had a brief tenure on Newell's as player in September 1993.

Since December 2008, the stadium has undergone continuous changes. At the end of 2009, the club decided to name the stadium after Marcelo Bielsa, and the Western concourse after Gerardo Martino, both former players and managers that had been relegated from the club during the presidency of Eduardo José López (1994–2008).

Coinciding with his 40th birthday, a stand was named after club captain Maxi Rodríguez in January 2021.

## Events

### 2001 FIFA U20 World Cup

The first international football tournament at Marcelo Bielsa Stadium was in 2001 when the stadium was chosen as one of the venues for the FIFA U-20 World Cup held in Argentina. The stadium hosted all matches of Group D plus the round of 16 and quarter finals (one game each).

| Date | Round | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18 Jun | Group D | Angola | 0–0 | Czech Republic |
| 18 Jun | Group D | Japan | 0–2 | Australia |
| 21 Jun | Group D | Australia | 0–3 | Czech Republic |
| 21 Jun | Group D | Japan | 1–2 | Angola |
| 24 Jun | Group D | Angola | 1–1 | Australia |
| 24 Jun | Group D | Czech Republic | 0–3 | Japan |
| 28 Jun | Round of 16 | Netherlands | 2–0 | Angola |
| 1 Jul | Quarter finals | Egypt | 2–1 | Netherlands |

### Rugby U20 World Cup

On the other side, the stadium also hosted rugby union games when in 2010 it was one of the three venues of the World Rugby U-20 Championship. All the pool C matches, the semifinals and final were played at Newell's Old Boys Stadium.

| Date | Round | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 Jun | Pool B | France | 25–22 | Ireland |
| 5 Jun | Pool B | Argentina | 22–48 | England |
| 9 Jun | Pool B | England | 36–21 | Ireland |
| 9 Jun | Pool B | France | 25–22 | Ireland |
| 13 Jun | Pool B | Argentina | 23–31 | France |
| 13 Jun | Pool B | Ireland | 21–24 | Argentina |
| 17 Jun | Semifinals | Australia | 28–16 | England |
| 17 Jun | Semifinals | Ireland | 36–7 | South Africa |
| 21 Jun | 3rd. place | England | 22–27 | South Africa |
| 21 Jun | Final | Australia | 17–62 | New Zealand |

### Other events

Estadio Marcelo Bielsa also hosted political party acts, when in 2005 then president of Argentina, Néstor Kirchner, gave a speech as part of the Front for Victory campaign for the legislative election in the country.

32°57′21.8″S 60°39′41.2″W / 32.956056°S 60.661444°W / -32.956056; -60.661444

## InfoBox

Marcelo Bielsa Stadium
| Estadio Marcelo Bielsa | |
| --- | --- |
| *Coloso del Parque* | |
|  | |
| The stadium during a football match in 2007 | |
|  | |
| Address | Av. Int. Morcillo 2501
Rosario
Argentina |
| Owner | Newell's Old Boys |
| Capacity | 39,365 |
| Field size | 105 x 70 m |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 23 July 1911 (23 July 1911) |
| Expanded | 1918, 1925, 1929, 1979, 1996–1997, 2009 |
| Tenants | |
| Newell's Old Boys (1911−present) | |


title: Root of penis

abstract: In human male anatomy, the radix or root of the penis is the internal and most proximal portion of the human penis that lies in the perineum. Unlike the pendulous body of the penis, which is suspended from the pubic symphysis, the root is attached to the pubic arch of the pelvis and is not visible externally. It is triradiate in form, consisting of three masses of erectile tissue; the two diverging crura, one on either side, and the median bulb of the penis or urethral bulb. Approximately one third to one half of the penis is embedded in the pelvis and can be felt through the scrotum and in the perineum.

text:
# Root of penis

In human male anatomy, the **radix** (/r.dɪks/) or **root of the penis** is the internal and most proximal portion of the human penis that lies in the perineum. Unlike the pendulous body of the penis, which is suspended from the pubic symphysis, the root is attached to the pubic arch of the pelvis and is not visible externally. It is triradiate in form, consisting of three masses of erectile tissue; the two diverging crura, one on either side, and the median bulb of the penis or urethral bulb. Approximately one third to one half of the penis is embedded in the pelvis and can be felt through the scrotum and in the perineum.

## Structure

The root of the penis begins directly below the bulbourethral glands, or *Cowper glands*, and consists of three long masses of tissue; the bulb and the crura. The bulb of the penis is an enlarged mass of erectile tissue that is located in the midline of the root and is traversed by the male urethra. It continues as a long cylindrical body on the ventral aspect of the shaft called corpus spongiosum. The left and right crura are located laterally on the two sides of the bulb and are attached to the ischiopubic arch. They continue into the dorsal aspect of the shaft forming the two corpora cavernosa that are separated by the septum of the penis. During arousal, the root and the corpora cavernosa engorge with blood and become rigid (erection). Meanwhile, the corpus spongiosum remains pliable making the urethra a viable channel for semen during ejaculation.

### Muscles

There are four muscles associated with the root of the penis; a pair of ischiocavernosus and a pair of bulbospondiosus muscles. Each crus is covered by the ischiocavernosus muscle which helps maintain an erection by contracting to force blood from the crura into the corpora cavernosa. The bulb is surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle which contracts to help empty the urethra of any residual semen and urine. It also helps maintain the erection by increasing the pressure in the bulb. During orgasm, the muscles surrounding the root contract involuntarily pushing the semen towards the urinary meatus.

### Fascia

Each erectile tissue has fascial coverings, or bands of connective tissue, which surround and support them. The root of the penis lies in the perineum between the perineal membrane, or *inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm*, and the fascia of Colles, the deeper layer of the superficial perineal fascia.

### Ligaments

In addition to being attached to the fasciæ and the pubic ramus, the root is bound to the front of the pubic symphysis by the fundiform and suspensory ligaments.

* The fundiform ligament springs from the front of the sheath of the rectus abdominis and the linea alba; it splits into two fasciculi which encircle the root of the penis.
* The upper fibers of the suspensory ligament pass downward from the lower end of the linea alba, and the lower fibers from the pubic symphysis; together they form a strong fibrous band, which extends to the upper surface of the root, where it blends with the fascial sheath of the organ.

## Images

*This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1249 of the 20th edition of* Gray's Anatomy *(1918)*

## InfoBox

| Root of penis | |
| --- | --- |
| Structure of the human penis. Root of the penis in 11; 4 corpus cavernosum, 5 corpus spongiosum, 6 scrotum, 7 crus, 8 bulb | |
| Details | |
| System | Genitourinary |
| Artery | Dorsal artery, bulbourethral artery, deep artery, |
| Vein | Dorsal veins, internal pudendal veins |
| Nerve | Dorsal nerve, perineal nerves |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *radix penis* |
| TA98 | A09.4.01.002 |
| TA2 | 3663 |
| FMA | 19611 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: Stare Gajdzie

abstract: Stare Gajdzie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie Mazurskie, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Banie Mazurskie, 18 km (11 mi) west of Gołdap, and 116 km (72 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Stare Gajdzie

**Stare Gajdzie** \[ˈstarɛ ˈɡai̯d͡ʑɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie Mazurskie, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Banie Mazurskie, 18 km (11 mi) west of Gołdap, and 116 km (72 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Stare Gajdzie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Stare Gajdzie | |
| Coordinates: 54°18′1″N 22°2′33″E / 54.30028°N 22.04250°E / 54.30028; 22.04250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Gołdap |
| Gmina | Banie Mazurskie |
| Population | 40 |


title: Mark Hembrow

abstract: Mark Hembrow is an Australian actor, writer and musician. He has also has worked as a producer and director.

text:
# Mark Hembrow

**Mark Hembrow** (born 1955 in Brisbane) is an Australian actor, writer and musician. He has also has worked as a producer and director.

## Early life and family

Hembrow's parents were Vernon Charles Hembrow, a senior English Literature Lecturer at the Teachers Training College at Kelvin Grove and Sally Hembrow, a daytime television personality and presenter and cooking specialist. Sally produced her own television show for QTQ9 on the Nine Network, 'Living Graciously', which aired from 1963-1973. She was a forerunner for women in television, food, fashion and interior decor in Australia. Sally also had a radio show on 4KQ named 'Hotline to the Oven'.

Hembrow's education was at Ashgrove State School and then St. Peters Lutheran College Indooroopilly. He has one brother, John.

## Personal life

Hembrow was married to Nathalie Stanley, whom he met while in Trinidad and Tobago filming The Last Island (1990). They have three daughters together, Amy (born June 1990), Emilee (born January 1992) and Tammy (born April 1994), who are well-known social media personalities and entrepreneurs. It is unknown when Hembrow and Stanley divorced.

## Career

Mark first stepped on stage at age 16 at La Boîte Theatre Company as Barnaby Tucker in *The Matchmaker* and then Sandy in *Hay Fever* and Apollo in *Fetch Me A Fig Leaf* the musical, all directed by Graham Johnson. He then performed the lead in *Once Upon a Mattress* at the Arts Theatre, which was to be his last amateur production at aged 17.

At 18 years of age, Mark first started working professionally for the main company at Queensland Theatre Company where he worked in productions over two years while doing in-service training. Productions included *Springle* a secondary school theatre and education production, written by Billy Brown to celebrate 100 years of education. He also performed in *Equus*, *School for Scoundrels*, *Savages*, *Jumpers*, *The Department*, *Hamlet* and *Fourth of July* before heading to Sydney.

His first professional jobs in Sydney were with the Old Tote Theatre Company (now Sydney Theatre Company) in a production of *The Night of the Iguana* and on television series *The Young Doctors* as Georgie Saint. He then worked on two musicals, *The Rocky Horror Show* and *Paradise Regained*, followed by his first feature, *Goodbye Paradise* directed by Karl Schultz. Mark featured in many television shows and films over the years.

Mark returned home from the USA, and decided to have a break from acting for a number of years, in order to raise his family. During this time he wrote two feature film scripts and was composing music.

Mark's return to the screen has been celebrated. He is also passionate about and involved in global relief water projects.

Recent guest roles on Australian television include *The Straits* directed by Rachel Ward and *Old School* starring Bryan Brown and Sam Neill by Matchbox Productions.

## Credits

### Film

### Short films

* *Run* (TBA) as Valet
* *4-Eva* (1993)
* *Dial-A-Cliché* (1992)
* *Brothers* (2015) as Todd
* Desire (1981)

### Television

### Writing

### Producer

### Executive producer

* *Didge on Fire*

## Discography

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions
| Year | Title | Peak chart
positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | AUS
 |
| 1977 | "If I Had Time" | 58 |

## InfoBox

| Mark Hembrow | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1955 (age 6869)
Brisbane, Australia |
| Other names | Robert Mark Hembrow |
| Occupations | * Actor * writer * director * producer |
| Years active | 1973-present |
| Spouse | Nathalie Stanley (divorced) |
| Children | 3 |


title: Hop Research Center Hüll

abstract: The Hop Research Center Hüll is a research institution focussing on advances in hop breeding, hop harvesting, and hop chemistry. It is located in the Hallertau, the largest continuous hop-planting area in the world, in the German state of Bavaria. The institute is run by the German Hop Research Society and the Bavarian state.

text:
# Hop Research Center Hüll

The **Hop Research Center Hüll** (*Hopfenforschungszentrum Hüll*) is a research institution focussing on advances in hop breeding, hop harvesting, and hop chemistry. It is located in the Hallertau, the largest continuous hop-planting area in the world, in the German state of Bavaria. The institute is run by the German Hop Research Society (*Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hopfenforschung*) and the Bavarian state.

## History

The Hop Research Society was founded in 1926 in response to an endemic of downy mildew in Germany. It was endowed with a land grant of 71 Ha in Hüll for the conduction of hop breeding experiments to generate mildew-resistant hop cultivars. In 1962, a research institute was built on the site. Originally named the *Hans-Pfülf-Institut* after the then president of the German Brewers Federation, it was later renamed to the current *Hopfenforschungszentrum Hüll*.

Under its first research director, Hugo Hampp (from 1926 to 1944), the institute focussed on countering the Peronosporaceae infections of the hop plants, which were causing downy mildew, primarily by means of pesticides. Hampp's successor, Friedrich Zattler (from 1944 to 1970), shifted the focus towards breeding of mildew-resistant hop varieties. This resulted in the new varieties *Hüller Anfang* (1962), *Hüller Aroma* (1962), *Hüller Fortschritt* (1964), *Hüller Bitterer* (1970), and *Hallertauer Gold* (1974).

The Hop Research Center's third director, Johann Maier (from 1971 to 1973), expanded the field of research to hop chemistry and hop oils. Under his presidency, the Bavarian ministry of agriculture joined the Hop Research Society, and the Hop Research Center became a subsidiary of the Bavarian state. Today, the institute is run in public–private partnership between the Hop Research Society and the Bavarian state.

## Hop varieties

In addition to the above-mentioned mildew-resistant hop varieties, the institute developed a number of aroma hop varieties, including *Hallertauer Tradition* (1991), *Opal*, *Perle* (1970s), *Saphir*, *Spalter Select*, and *Smaragd*, as well as the high alpha varieties *Hallertauer Magnum* (1980), *Hallertauer Merkur*, *Hallertauer Taurus*, and *Herkules* (2005). Two new aroma hops were released in 2019 and 2020, respectively: *Diamant* (2019), which is a direct descendant of the old land hop variety *Spalter*, and *Aurum* (2020), a direct descendant of another old land hop variety, *Tettnanger*. Both feature higher yields and better resistance against **Verticillium* wilt* and *Peronospora* fungi infections than their respective ancestors while retaining their aroma.

In response to the global craft beer movement, the institute developed several "special flavor hops": *Hallertau Blanc*, *Huell Melon*, *Mandarina Bavaria*, and *Polaris* were released in 2012, and *Ariana* and *Callista* were released in 2016.

## InfoBox

*Hopfenforschungszentrum Hüll*
| Established | 1926 |
| --- | --- |
| Focus | Hops |
| Owner | *Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hopfenforschung*; Bavarian state |
| Formerly called | Hans-Pfülf-Institut |
| Location | Hüll (Wolnzach), Bavaria, Germany |
| Website | http://www.hopfenforschung.de/ |


title: Nieul-le-Virouil

abstract: Nieul-le-Virouil is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.

text:
# Nieul-le-Virouil

**Nieul-le-Virouil** (French pronunciation: \[njœl  viʁuj\]) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 635 |  |
| 1968 | 660 | +3.9% |
| 1975 | 577 | −12.6% |
| 1982 | 530 | −8.1% |
| 1990 | 547 | +3.2% |
| 1999 | 562 | +2.7% |
| 2008 | 575 | +2.3% |

## InfoBox

| Nieul-le-Virouil | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Nieul-le-Virouil | |
| Location of Nieul-le-Virouil | |
| Nieul-le-VirouilNieul-le-Virouil | |
| Coordinates: 45°24′33″N 0°31′46″W / 45.4092°N 0.5294°W / 45.4092; -0.5294 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Charente-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Jonzac |
| Canton | Jonzac |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christophe Pavie |
| Area**1** | 22.64 km2 (8.74 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 583 |
| Density | 26/km2 (67/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 17263 /17150 |
| Elevation | 28–80 m (92–262 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Mark Hemel

abstract: Mark Hemel is a Dutch architect and designer, and co-founder of the Amsterdam-based architectural practice Information Based Architecture. He is one of the architects of the Canton Tower in Guangzhou.

text:
# Mark Hemel

**Mark Hemel** (born 1966 in Emmen, Netherlands) is a Dutch architect and designer, and co-founder (with Barbara Kuit) of the Amsterdam-based architectural practice Information Based Architecture. He is one of the architects of the Canton Tower in Guangzhou.

## Personal views

According to Hemel's discussion with Humans of Architecture, his focus is on "global architecture". His main interest being the expression and development of contemporary culture. In his view, architecture can play an important and positive role in shedding light on potential routes global culture could take.

Hemel stated, "the next generation of planners, architects and designers will have to get used to thinking big, so making reference to big environmental challenges and major expected world population dynamics. Architects in particular will find themselves less and less powerful. We therefore have to focus on making our work more "information based" or we might get side-lined and more and more irrelevant".

He aims for "biological intelligence" to be introduced in the architecture and planning professions. Hemel is working on a book in which the term "biological intelligence" will be introduced.

## Influences

Hemel was educated by American theorist Jeffrey Kipnis and UK architect Zaha Hadid as well as Dutch architects Herman Herzberger and Carel Weeber. He was particularly influenced by the books of Richard Dawkins (The Selfish Gene 1976), Kevin Kelly (Out of Control 1995), Ilya Prigogine (Order Out of Chaos 1984), and Douglas Hofstadter (Gödel, Escher, Bach). After his post graduate studies at the Architectural Association in London, Mark began teaching at the AA.

Besides an interest for everything that evolved or subconsciously developed, Mark also takes interest in mathematics and geometry. During his studies in Delft, he pursued mathematical courses in chaos theory. The reason for his interest in chaos theory is that it seems to explain why Modernism is doomed to lead to disaster, and that the alternative "synthesis and integration" bears much more prospect.

"In contemporary architecture you see lots of forms that refer to nothing. And indeed, we want to make designs that are more 'informed'."

Hemel was chosen as one of Design-Build Network's "New Young Architects to Watch for 2010".

## Early life

Mark Hemel was born in 1966 in Emmen, Netherlands. Hemel graduated in 1993 from the Delft University of Technology, as well as the Architectural Association in the Graduate Design Program in the year 1996. After his studies in the Netherlands, he received a scholarship for a 1-year research project in Africa and Asia from the Netherlands Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture. During this year he travelled through Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, India, and Indonesia concentrating his research on organic city-developments. Beside this he also became keen to vernacular tactics to cope with the environmental circumstances which he came across in Africa and Asia. His studies focused on the Dogon people of Mali, the cities of Djenne, the people on the island of Nias, Indonesia, and the southern temple cities of India.

Hemel worked and lived the first 9 years (1995–2003) of his professional life in London, United Kingdom. In 2003 he returned to the Netherlands to set up his practice in Amsterdam.

## Career

Hemel is a tutor and educator. He has been a Unit-master at the Architectural Association in London from 1999 to 2008, and design-tutor of the post-graduate Environment and Energy program at the AA in London, since 2002. Over these years, he experimented with developing performance-based architectural projects. In 2003 Hemel was awarded the RIBA tutor prize.

Hemel is a member of the do-group; an international inter-disciplinary research-group and participates in the Performing Arts Labs; a UK-based architectural research group sponsored by the United Kingdom's National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts.

Hemel is registered as an architect at the *Stichting Bureau Architectenregister*, The Hague, Netherlands.

## Professional practice

Hemel co-founded the firm 'Information Based Architecture' together with his partner Barbara Kuit in 1998 while they were still based in London. The office is called "information based" in order to clearly break with the common state of architecture at that time that was producing modernist architects. In 2003, they moved their office to Amsterdam while they focus their work Europe, China and Africa. They have won several competitions, including the design for the 600 metres (2,000 ft) tall Canton Tower.

## Publications and reference material

Hemel and Kuit's work was shortlisted for the Young Architects of the Year Award in the United Kingdom. They have received support by the Dutch Department of Trade and Industry and received several encouragement grants by the Netherlands Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture.

Hemel is the author of a book entitled *Supermodel, the making of the world's tallest TV tower* (2011).


title: Urban prairie

abstract: Urban prairie is vacant urban land that has reverted to green space. The definition can vary across countries and disciplines, but at its broadest encompasses meadows, lawns, and gardens, as well as public and private parks, vacant land, remnants of rural landscapes, and areas along transportation corridors. If previously developed, structures occupying the urban lots have been demolished, leaving patchy areas of green space that are usually untended and unmanaged, forming an involuntary park. Spaces can also be intentionally created to facilitate amenities, such as green belts, community gardens and wildlife reserve habitats. Urban brownfields are contaminated grasslands that also fall under the urban grassland umbrella. Urban greenspaces are a larger category that include urban grasslands in addition to other spaces.

text:
# Urban prairie

**Urban prairie** (or **urban grassland**) is vacant urban land that has reverted to green space. The definition can vary across countries and disciplines, but at its broadest encompasses meadows, lawns, and gardens, as well as public and private parks, vacant land, remnants of rural landscapes, and areas along transportation corridors. If previously developed, structures occupying the urban lots have been demolished, leaving patchy areas of green space that are usually untended and unmanaged, forming an involuntary park. Spaces can also be intentionally created to facilitate amenities, such as green belts, community gardens and wildlife reserve habitats.

Urban brownfields are contaminated grasslands that also fall under the urban grassland umbrella. Urban greenspaces are a larger category that include urban grasslands in addition to other spaces.

## Causes

Urban prairies can result from several factors. They can either being land that was previously developed and has since been cleared, or remnants of the natural landscape. In the first case, the value of aging buildings may fall too low to provide financial incentives for their owners to maintain them or seizure by local government as a response to unpaid property taxes. In many cases, cities demolish vacant structures because they pose health and safety threats (such as fire hazards), or be used as a location for criminal activity.

Areas may be cleared of buildings as part of a revitalization plan with the intention of redeveloping the land. In flood-prone areas, government agencies may purchase developed lots and then demolish the structures to improve drainage during floods. Neighborhoods near major industrial or environmental clean-up sites can be acquired and leveled to create a buffer zone and minimize the risks associated with pollution or industrial accidents. Additionally, residents of the city may fill up the unplanned empty space with urban parks or community gardens. Governments and non-profit groups can also create community gardens and conservation, to restore or reintroduce a wildlife habitat, help the environment, and educate people about the prairie. Detroit, Michigan is one particular city that has many urban prairies.

## Benefits

Many studies show urbanization has been linked to a loss of biodiversity. Additionally, remaining urban landscapes are typically unable to support the complex food webs the previously hosted and become novel habitats home to highly adapted alien species, such as rats, cockroaches, and pigeons. As natural landscapes are replaced with urban ones, the ecosystem services of the area can be diminished. Due to this, in urban areas green spaces and grasslands are even more vital. These areas not only better human life through providing space for leisure activities, and social interaction, but also direct health benefits such as reducing air pollution. They also provide homes for important pollinators such as wild bees. Despite the issues surrounding their cleanup and maintenance, even small urban grasslands can have a big effect ecologically. In Melbourne, Australia at the Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner memorial site just three years after being replanted with a variety of native species and receiving upkeep, the green space had increased the number and diversity of insects in the vicinity.


title: GPS1

abstract: COP9 signalosome complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPS1 gene. This gene is known to suppress G-protein and mitogen-activated signal transduction in mammalian cells. The encoded protein shares significant similarity with Arabidopsis FUS6, which is a regulator of light-mediated signal transduction in plant cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

text:
# GPS1

**COP9 signalosome complex subunit 1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *GPS1* gene.

This gene is known to suppress G-protein and mitogen-activated signal transduction in mammalian cells. The encoded protein shares significant similarity with Arabidopsis FUS6, which is a regulator of light-mediated signal transduction in plant cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| GPS1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | GPS1, COPS1, CSN1, SGN1, G protein pathway suppressor 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 601934; MGI: 2384801; HomoloGene: 3046; GeneCards: GPS1; OMA:GPS1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      NM\_001177874
NM\_145370
NM\_001346709
NM\_001363440   RefSeq (protein)      n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 82.05 – 82.06 Mb Chr 11: 120.68 – 120.68 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro

abstract: The Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro is a sports arena located in Ibagué, capital of the department of Tolima. It currently has a capacity of 28,100 spectators. The stadium, whose main use is for football, is used by Colombian Categoría Primera A team Deportes Tolima for its home matches. It is known to be the place where Brazilian player Ronaldo played the last game of his professional career on February 2, 2011, with Corinthians against Deportes Tolima in the 2011 Copa Libertadores.

text:
# Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro

The **Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro** is a sports arena located in Ibagué, capital of the department of Tolima. It currently has a capacity of 28,100 spectators.

The stadium, whose main use is for football, is used by Colombian Categoría Primera A team Deportes Tolima for its home matches. It is known to be the place where Brazilian player Ronaldo played the last game of his professional career on February 2, 2011, with Corinthians against Deportes Tolima in the 2011 Copa Libertadores.

## History

These were years of campaigns, meetings and activities to bring a longing ibaguereños and tolimenses come true, although the department still did not have professional squad, the idea of the creation of the team gave further impetus to the project. The newspaper El Comercio, edition of June 23, 1951 recorded the great "week Pro-stadium" event that took place between June 28 and July 8 of that year, with a parade of athletes, sports days and the great encounter between professional teams Millionaires and Bucaramanga. In a friendly match of the teams Deportes Quindio (professional) and Boca Juniors (amateur) Ibague on January 19, 1955, was determined to do the work when the famous court in Bethlehem touched himself Civil Military Chief Augusto Cesar Cuellar Velandia the match for nearly two hours of feet, when I take Humberto Gonzalez Ruiz to suggest the president the need for a stadium to Ibague. The newspaper La Epoca, led by Adriano Tribin Piedrahita, edition 105 of October 12, 1954 recorded a meeting of personalities, led by the Governor Cesar Cuellar Velandia, Mayor Lysimachus Parra Bernal, Secretary Bernardo Tello works and sports leaders, according to the newspaper, to define the site where the stadium would be built. According to the note, the Government of Tolima contributed 10,000 pesos and 7000 that were held by Nicholas Rivera, treasurer and great campaigner Pro-stadium. It was built in the July 20, 1955 in a record time of 55 days with the name Gustavo Rojas Pinilla stadium on a lot donated by the city of Avila Serrano. Its initial capacity was 3,000 spectators and the opening match between Boca Juniors and Deportes Tolima of Cali held on July 20, 1955, ended with away win Boca Juniors de Cali 3–2. It was listed as one of the most unusual stadiums in the country for not having protective mesh for fans as well as being the first to have direct tunnel onto the field. Thus, since 2000 has been held a total rebuild and modernize the regulation required by FIFA, in which the government, the town hall, and Gabriel Camargo Salamanca Coldeportes have contributed to achieve this worthy goal. In the last remodeling advance adequacy backstage, technical benches, lighting and made the expansion of the north stand.

## Remodeling

The first building of the stadium was made for 3,000. Then was expanded to 18,000 which took place in the years before the National Games in 1970, currently has a capacity to accommodate 28,180 fans.

* For the National Games in 1970, Murillo Toro, who at the time was named St. Boniface, was the subject of his first spare and that's when he had the best infrastructure to house the first national fair.
* After the fall of western grandstand in 1981 it was decided to leave one story, and since the late 1990s work began to expand the eastern grandstand.
* After a bidding process in July last year International Power Company was responsible for the installation of 103 new fixtures, type 2000W Arena Vision and rush for them, which had an estimated cost of 340 million pesos.
* By criticism of the CONMEBOL regarding the lighting was decided to improve the lighting of the stadium, in the process of adapting the new lights were failures. Even in a night game of the Copa Colombia, between Tolima and Atletico Nacional, on September 6, the system collapsed due to overload one of the transformers. Currently, the director of the agency in charge of Murillo Toro said the participation of Deportes Tolima in the Copa Libertadores lights are in perfect condition. The lighting was at 260 lumen and happened to have a capacity of 750 lumen.
* After more than two years of work, the north stand would be fully enabled in this semester, with new locations, such as the dependence of firefighters, nurses and police command. However, have yet to solve moisture problems that arise between the old and new structure, which have caused some puddles on the premises.
* In 2015, the stadium underwent remodeling works ahead of the 2015 National Games of Colombia. 13 billion COP were invested in the replacement of the playing surface and its expansion, as well as dressing rooms and installation of seats. The stadium's capacity was reduced to 28,100 spectators. This was a first stage of works, and in the future it is expected that the whole stadium can meet FIFA-type requirements.

## Name

The stadium has changed names several times over its history: initially called Gustavo Rojas Pinilla in honor of General President of the Republic at the time, later became known as St. Boniface in honor of the city (founded as San Bonifacio de Ibague) and currently Manuel Murillo Toro in honor of the politician and writer who was president of the republic on two occasions.

## Events

This scenario has had the opportunity to receive all kinds of sporting and cultural events: intercollegiate competitions, national games, the folk festival, among others. Regarding the Deportes Tolima The Manuel Murillo Toro has received an end of the first B 1994, Merconorte late 1997 and 1998, the finals of the Copa Mustang 2003-II, the final 2006-II and Postobon League final 2010-II in terms of the continental tournaments Copa Libertadores 2004, 2007,2010,2013; Copa Sudamericana 2006,2010,2012 today is the home of Deportes Tolima playing in the Primera A Colombian professional football.

## InfoBox

Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro
| Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Full name | Estadio Manuel Murillo Toro |
| Location | Ibagué, Colombia |
| Coordinates | 4°25′46″N 75°13′06″W / 4.429509°N 75.218325°W / 4.429509; -75.218325 |
| Owner | IMDRI |
| Capacity | 28,100 |
| Field size | 105m x 68 metres |
| Construction | |
| Built | 1956 |
| Opened | 20 July 1955 |
| Architect | Bernardo Telo |
| Tenants | |
| Deportes Tolima | |