title: Good Thing (Sage the Gemini song)

abstract: "Good Thing" is a song by American rapper Sage the Gemini featuring vocals from Nick Jonas. It was released on May 18, 2015, via Republic Records as the intended lead single from the former's upcoming second studio album Bachelor Party. The song peaked at number 75 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# Good Thing (Sage the Gemini song)

"**Good Thing**" is a song by American rapper Sage the Gemini featuring vocals from Nick Jonas. It was released on May 18, 2015, via Republic Records as the intended lead single from the former's upcoming second studio album *Bachelor Party*. The song peaked at number 75 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Background

An early version of the song leaked online on April 4, 2015. Talking about the collaboration, Jonas said that it was a "great next step for his career", hoping for the song to become a successful summer hit. The song was eventually released in explicit and clean versions on May 18, 2015. The song appeared on the re-release of Nick Jonas' 2014 self-titled album, *Nick Jonas X2*.

## Music video

The music video for the song was shot in early May 2015 in Los Angeles and received its premiere via complex.com on May 21, 2015, being added to Vevo shortly afterwards. Directed by Hannah Lux Davis. the video takes an exotic approach, where Woods and Jonas are prominently featured in a lush, tropical backdrop, surrounded by models.

## Reception

Christina Lee of Idolator wrote that "the song proves that Sage the Gemini can write a smash hit if he wants". Rapup.com called the song "seductive", adding that the rappers rhymes are heartfelt. while Nick delivers a soulful hook. Brendan V van DJbooth said that "even though the rapper is the headliner of the collaboration, the song is mostly commanded by the Jonas brother, as you’ll hear a lot of his crooning over the roaring synthercizers". Vibe's Mia V. praised Nick's strong R&B vocals while the rapper switched it up with a silky smooth sixteen. MTV's Madeline Roth called the song "the perfect summer song with plenty of spellbinding rhymes and soulful refrain".

## Live performance

Sage the Gemini and Nick Jonas performed the song during the July 23 episode of *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon*. Jonas performed the song live during his Live in Concert tour. He also performed the song during We Can Survive 2015. The song is part of the setlist of the Future Now Tour.

## Track listings

* **Digital download**

1. "Good Thing" (Clean version) – 3:46

* **Digital download**

1. "Good Thing" (Explicit version) – 3:46

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 75 |
| US Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 32 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 10 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | May 18, 2015 | Digital download | Republic |
| Germany | | | |
| United States | May 19, 2015 | Rhythmic radio | |
| The Netherlands | | Digital download | |
| New Zealand | ||
| United Kingdom | | September 4, 2015 | |
| Ireland | ||

## InfoBox

| "Good Thing" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Sage the Gemini featuring Nick Jonas | |
| Released | May 18, 2015 (2015-05-18) |
| Recorded | 2015 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:46 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Ilya |
| Sage the Gemini singles chronology | |
| "Guatanamera"
(2015) "**Good Thing**"
(2015) "Friday Night"
(2015) | |
|  | |
| Nick Jonas singles chronology | |
| "Jealous"
(2014) "**Good Thing**"
(2015) "Levels"
(2015) | |
|  | |


title: Goldney Hall

abstract: Goldney Hall is a self-catered hall of residence in the University of Bristol. It is one of three in the Clifton area of Bristol, England. The hall occupies part of the grounds of Goldney House, built in the 18th century and remodelled in the 1860s. The house and several garden features are listed structures, and the garden is designated Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

text:
# Goldney Hall

**Goldney Hall** is a self-catered hall of residence in the University of Bristol. It is one of three in the Clifton area of Bristol, England.

The hall occupies part of the grounds of **Goldney House**, built in the 18th century and remodelled in the 1860s. The house and several garden features are listed structures, and the garden is designated Grade II\* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

## History

The Goldney family's influence in Bristol can be traced to 1637, when Thomas Goldney was sent by his father to Bristol from Chippenham in Wiltshire, to serve as an apprentice for seven years. His son born in 1664, also named Thomas, prospered as a grocer and in 1694 leased a country house in Clifton, now known as Goldney Hall. After the death of his father in 1703, Thomas Goldney II purchased a majority of the current Goldney Estate, complete with manor house, for a fee of £100 in 1705.

In 1724 the earlier house was partially demolished to be replaced by a grander building, possibly built for Goldney by George Tully, a Bristol merchant who was a partner of William Champion in the Coalbrookdale Works. The Goldney family were Quakers but their beliefs did not prevent them developing a significant range of enterprises; ventures included:

* Providing a significant proportion of the capital for Captain Woodes Rogers voyage on *The Duke* and its sister ship *The Dutchess*. Rogers' crew rescued the real-life Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk, from Juan Fernandez island.
* Investment in the Coalbrookdale Iron Works, which led to Thomas Goldney III becoming the majority owner of the works.
* Co-founding *Goldney, Smith and Co.*, one of the first banks in Bristol and now part of the Royal Bank of Scotland.

The Goldney family funded several ships that took part in the Atlantic slave trade.Some students have called for the University of Bristol to consider renaming the building.

The gardens and orchards were designed by Goldney's son Thomas Goldney III. The house was recased, altered and extended in 1864–65 by Alfred Waterhouse, who also designed the Natural History Museum. The house later passed down to other wealthy Bristol families, the Wills and the Frys. Lewis Fry (1832–1921) became the Liberal MP for Bristol and first chairman of the University of Bristol University Council.

## Buildings and grounds

### House

The current house was built in 1724, and occupies a hilltop position overlooking the city of Bristol and Brandon Hill. The landscape garden is used for weddings and receptions.

The main house is a Grade II listed building. Other facilities in the main house include a bar, library, common room and dark room. The house also contains an ornate mahogany parlour complete with original wooden panelling dating back to 1725, which is reserved for meetings and special events.

When the hall was gifted to the University of Bristol in 1953, the house was converted (completed in 1956) to accommodate 19 female students and was a catered hall. This was reverted with the development of the new blocks.

### Student accommodation

The student accommodation blocks, built on a paddock within the gardens, were completed in their original form in 1969. This original development consisted of nine stand alone blocks in a quadrangle arrangement. A major, award-winning refurbishment was completed in 1994, after a benefaction from Lord and Lady Sainsbury through the Linbury Trust\]. The design was that of Bristol architects Alec French. Improvements to the site included:

* Building additional study bedrooms, kitchens and fire escape stairwells onto the original blocks.
* Construction of Linbury Court, consisting of 24 en-suite rooms and student study facilities.
* Creation of a small on-site car park.

The hall now comprises 11 blocks, 2 of which have en-suite facilities. The hall can accommodate 267 students, in addition to three flats for staff located within the main house.

### Gardens and grounds

The historic English Landscape Garden style grounds, designed by Thomas Goldney III, include an orangery, gothic tower and grotto. The Goldney Hall gardens encompass a 10-acre (4.0 ha) site and are known for their notable five follies:

A sixth folly, the Octagon, consisted of a two-story summer house located where L block stands today. While the exact date of the removal of the Octagon is not known, it is missing from plans which date to 1864. The garden also features a canal.

The hall has an orangery, which is attached to the main house and faces out onto the canal. The original glass roof was replaced with tile at some point in the early 1900s.

The gothic tower, to the south of the main house, was built in 1764 to house a Newcomen steam engine. The opening through which the beam of the steam engine would have passed can still be seen today on the north face of the tower. The steam engine, constructed using a boiler supplied by the Coalbrookdale works, is supposed to have been the first used for non-industrial purposes in the world. It was used to draw water from a 120 feet (37 m) well shaft directly in front of the tower. The water was used to supply a fountain in the canal and the cascade in the grotto.

The grounds include a statue of Hercules, which is Grade II\* listed and is suspected to be a second hand purchase by Thomas Goldney III, predating everything else on the site. The mock bastion provides a mystery, appearing for the first time on a map dating to 1748 but with no other surviving documentation of its construction.

The grounds are listed Grade II\* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England, and are regularly used for weddings, especially during the summer months. The gardens are opened annually to the public as well as for smaller groups by request.

### Grotto

The ornately decorated grotto was created between 1737 and 1764 (dated 1739) and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building. It is decorated inside with shells, quartz and rock crystal and inside is a pillared hall with fountains, rock pool, statue of Neptune and a Lion's Den. In 1762-5 Thomas Paty was employed in "grinding, gooping and laying" tiles for the grotto.

The grotto was built as the centrepiece of the gardens by Thomas Goldney III. It is the only Grotto in Britain with both a shell room and running water.

The grotto is approximately 36 ft (11 m) long by 12 ft (3.6 m) wide and consists of three chambers divided by pillars encrusted with quartz crystals. The central chamber houses a life size plaster of paris lion with a lioness sitting in a den behind. Another chamber hosts a seated river god with water running from an urn over giant clams into a pool. It is lined with over 200 species of shell brought back from such locations as the Caribbean, and African waters. The roof of the central hall is composed of closely fitting blocks of Bath stone carved into pseudo-stalactites. On a panel on the door is the portrait of a lady, thought to be Ann Goldney (1707–96), the younger sister of Thomas Goldney III.

The grotto is opened to the public during Garden Tour days organised by the University's Conference Office and to students at various points through the academic year.

## Student life

Goldney Hall is one of the smaller halls of residence at the University of Bristol and is located away from the main grouping of halls in Stoke Bishop. As a result, the hall has a strong individual identity and close-knit community.

### Ball

The Goldney Ball is an annual event held in the grounds of Goldney Hall to mark the end of term and the summer exam period for students in the Bristol area and typically attracts over 1000 students. Previous artists to headline and perform at the Ball include Hot Chocolate (1998), Roni Size (1999), Shy FX, DJ Hype, BodyRockers, Ninja Tune, Jools Holland, and the Scratch Perverts, as well as illusionist Derren Brown and entertainer and DJ Paul Chuckle. Profit from the event is donated to local, national and international charities.

### Motto

The hall's motto is *Honor Virtutis Præmium* ("Honour is the Reward of Virtue").

### Sports

The hall fields a number of sports teams including football, netball and rugby.

Goldney Hall FC compete in the Bristol University Intramural Accenture League 4. They won the title in the 09/10, 12/13 and 15/16 seasons. They are current holders of the Bristol University Intramural Division 3 title, under the name The Wanderers, following their success in the 22/23 season.

## Film location

Goldney Hall is a popular location for filming with *The Chronicles of Narnia*, *The House of Eliott*, *Truly, Madly, Deeply*, *Berkeley Square*, the 2002 Christmas episode of *Only Fools and Horses*, *Casualty* and *Skins* being filmed there. Its latest appearance is in the BBC series *Sherlock*, as the venue for the wedding of John Watson and Mary Morstan in the second episode of the third season, "The Sign of Three".

## Notable former residents

## Further reading

* Jackson, Hazelle *Shell Houses and Grottoes* (Shire Books, 2001).

## InfoBox

| Goldney Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| University of Bristol | |
|  | |
| Location | Bristol, England, BS8 1BH |
| Coordinates | 51°27′08″N 2°36′55″W / 51.4523°N 2.6154°W / 51.4523; -2.6154 |
| Motto | *Honor Virtutis Præmium* |
| Motto in English | "Honour is the Reward of Virtue" |
| Established | 1724, 1956 as student accommodation |
| Residents | 267 |
| Website | bristol.ac.uk/students/accommodation/goldney-hall/ |


title: Goldney baronets

abstract: The Goldney Baronetcy, of Beechfield in the Parish of Corsham and Bradenstoke Abbey in the Parish of Lyneham, both in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 11 May 1880 for Gabriel Goldney, Conservative Member of Parliament for Chippenham. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1974. Sir John Goldney, Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago, was the third son of the first Baronet.

text:
# Goldney baronets

The **Goldney Baronetcy**, of Beechfield in the Parish of Corsham and Bradenstoke Abbey in the Parish of Lyneham, both in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 11 May 1880 for Gabriel Goldney, Conservative Member of Parliament for Chippenham. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1974.

Sir John Goldney, Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago, was the third son of the first Baronet.

## Armorial

Coat of arms of Goldney Baronets
|  | Crest*In front of a garb sable, banded as in the arms, three quatrefoils, or* Escutcheon*Party per pale gules and azure, on a bend engrailed plain cotised argent, between two eagles displayed of the last, three garbs sable, banded or* Motto*Honor virtutis præmium* ("Honour is the reward of virtue") Other elementsCanton of a baronet |
| --- | --- |

## Goldney baronets, of Beechfield and Bradenstoke Abbey (1880)


abstract: The Monument to Savonarola in Piazza Savonarola is an outdoor marble statue on a plinth in honor of the 15th-century Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola; it is located in a piazza of the same name a few blocks outside of the Viali di Circonvallazione, in Northeastern Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. This monument has a colorful history of migrations. The statue was completed circa 1875 by Enrico Pazzi, a native of Ravenna, at a time, when anti-papal feelings ran high in Italy. However, Savonarola has always been a polarizing historic figure, maniacal in his faith, and the perpetrator of the original Bonfire of the Vanities. His theology was not compatible with contemporary liberal thought. The statue was conceived by Pazzi in 1861, who habitually created public monuments before they were requisitioned. A committee was formed in 1869 to commission a monument to Savonarola, which was to be placed in the convent of San Marco; however, they did not choose Pazzi's model, but instead chose one by Giovanni Duprè, a former mentor of Pazzi. This was to lead to fierce conflict between the two sculptors. In 1870, another committee, chaired by Prince Ferdinando Strozzi, selected to commission Pazzi's more grandiose and more anti-papal statue, and obtained the Commune's permission to site the sculpture in the first cloister of the Florentine convent. However, the drop in revenue caused by the transfer of the capital of Italy from Florence to Rome, cancelled this project. By 1873, Duprè completed his contribution: a simple plaque and relief bust placed in the cell of the friar in San Marco. Pazzi's work, completed only in 1875, did not find enough subscribers, and was donated ultimately to the Town Hall. It remained in studio till 1882, when it was installed, to much criticism, into the niche of the southern end of the Salone dei Cinquecento in the Palazzo Vecchio. One justification for this placement was that Savonarola had commissioned the creation of this large hall in 1497. There was still rumors that it would be moved in the future to the precinct of San Marco. The statue had displaced none other than a Michelangelo statue, placed here by Vasari. Even in this niche, Savonarola's provincial and other-worldly causes did not fit the Italian nationalism that was in demand after the recent world war. In addition, many Florentine critics were never content with the removal of the heroic Genius of Victory by Michelangelo. Ultimately, even if unfinished, the subtle Michelangelo work was able to vanquish the polished sculpture of the somewhat unsufferable, faith-frenzied priest. In 1921, Savonarola's statue was exiled to this graffiti-ridden suburban park. In some ways, the Ferrarese priest was never quite at home in Florence. Savonarola stands on a plinth designed by Olinto Rimediotti. Savonarola is depicted with his right hand while raising a Cross, recalling his declaration during a public sermon in 1495, that Christ was the new King of Florence. The left hand of his gown protects, or perhaps smothers, the Marzocco, a symbol of the Republic of Florence. Restoration of the monument has been planned. The statue lacks the commanding and hypnotic drama of the bronze Monument to Girolamo Savonarola in Ferrara by Stefano Galletti.

text:
# Monument to Savonarola in Piazza Savonarola

The **Monument to Savonarola in Piazza Savonarola** is an outdoor marble statue on a plinth in honor of the 15th-century Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola; it is located in a piazza of the same name a few blocks outside of the Viali di Circonvallazione, in Northeastern Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.

This monument has a colorful history of migrations. The statue was completed circa 1875 by Enrico Pazzi, a native of Ravenna, at a time, when anti-papal feelings ran high in Italy. However, Savonarola has always been a polarizing historic figure, maniacal in his faith, and the perpetrator of the original *Bonfire of the Vanities*. His theology was not compatible with contemporary liberal thought.

The statue was conceived by Pazzi in 1861, who habitually created public monuments before they were requisitioned. A committee was formed in 1869 to commission a monument to Savonarola, which was to be placed in the convent of San Marco; however, they did not choose Pazzi's model, but instead chose one by Giovanni Duprè, a former mentor of Pazzi. This was to lead to fierce conflict between the two sculptors. In 1870, another committee, chaired by Prince Ferdinando Strozzi, selected to commission Pazzi's more grandiose and more anti-papal statue, and obtained the Commune's permission to site the sculpture in the first cloister of the Florentine convent. However, the drop in revenue caused by the transfer of the capital of Italy from Florence to Rome, cancelled this project.

By 1873, Duprè completed his contribution: a simple plaque and relief bust placed in the cell of the friar in San Marco. Pazzi's work, completed only in 1875, did not find enough subscribers, and was donated ultimately to the Town Hall. It remained in studio till 1882, when it was installed, to much criticism, into the niche of the southern end of the Salone dei Cinquecento in the Palazzo Vecchio. One justification for this placement was that Savonarola had commissioned the creation of this large hall in 1497. There was still rumors that it would be moved in the future to the precinct of San Marco. The statue had displaced none other than a Michelangelo statue, placed here by Vasari.

Even in this niche, Savonarola's provincial and other-worldly causes did not fit the Italian nationalism that was in demand after the recent world war. In addition, many Florentine critics were never content with the removal of the heroic *Genius of Victory* by Michelangelo. Ultimately, even if unfinished, the subtle Michelangelo work was able to vanquish the polished sculpture of the somewhat unsufferable, faith-frenzied priest. In 1921, Savonarola's statue was exiled to this graffiti-ridden suburban park. In some ways, the Ferrarese priest was never quite at home in Florence.

Savonarola stands on a plinth designed by Olinto Rimediotti. Savonarola is depicted with his right hand while raising a Cross, recalling his declaration during a public sermon in 1495, that Christ was the new *King of Florence*. The left hand of his gown protects, or perhaps smothers, the Marzocco, a symbol of the Republic of Florence. Restoration of the monument has been planned.

The statue lacks the commanding and hypnotic drama of the bronze *Monument to Girolamo Savonarola* in Ferrara by Stefano Galletti.

## InfoBox

Monument to Savonarola in Piazza Savonarola
| Savonarola Monument by Enrico Pazzi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 43°46′54″N 11°16′00″E / 43.78180°N 11.2668°E / 43.78180; 11.2668 | |
| Location | Florence, Tuscany, Italy |
| Designer | Enrico Pazzi |
| Type | Monument |
| Material | Marble |
| Opening date | 1875 |
| Dedicated to | Girolamo Savonarola |


title: Montjoie-le-Château

abstract: Montjoie-le-Château is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Montjoie-le-Château

**Montjoie-le-Château** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃ʒwa l(ə) ʃɑto\]; German previously: *Frohberg*) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 27 |  |
| 1968 | 29 | +7.4% |
| 1975 | 23 | −20.7% |
| 1982 | 17 | −26.1% |
| 1990 | 21 | +23.5% |
| 1999 | 22 | +4.8% |
| 2008 | 26 | +18.2% |
| 2012 | 33 | +26.9% |

## InfoBox

| Montjoie-le-Château | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Montjoie-le-Château | |
| Location of Montjoie-le-Château | |
| Montjoie-le-ChâteauMontjoie-le-Château | |
| Coordinates: 47°21′02″N 6°54′09″E / 47.3506°N 6.9025°E / 47.3506; 6.9025 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Doubs |
| Arrondissement | Montbéliard |
| Canton | Maîche |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Claude Martelet |
| Area**1** | 5.39 km2 (2.08 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 23 |
| Density | 4.3/km2 (11/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 25402 /25190 |
| Elevation | 395–773 m (1,296–2,536 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Montane mouse shrew

abstract: The montane mouse shrew is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae endemic to Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Montane mouse shrew

The **montane mouse shrew** (***Myosorex blarina***) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae endemic to Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| Montane mouse shrew | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Eulipotyphla |
| Family: | Soricidae |
| Genus: | *Myosorex* |
| Species: | ***M. blarina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myosorex blarina***
Thomas, 1906 | |
|
|  | |
| Montane mouse shrew range | |


title: Montane myotis

abstract: The montane myotis is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

text:
# Montane myotis

The **montane myotis** (***Myotis oxyotus***) is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

## InfoBox

| Montane myotis | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | *Myotis* |
| Species: | ***M. oxyotus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myotis oxyotus***
Peters, 1867 | |
|
|  | |


title: Montane shrew tenrec

abstract: The montane shrew tenrec is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Montane shrew tenrec

The **montane shrew tenrec** (***Microgale monticola***) is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## InfoBox

| Montane shrew tenrec | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Afrosoricida |
| Suborder: | Tenrecomorpha |
| Family: | Tenrecidae |
| Genus: | *Microgale* |
| Species: | ***M. monticola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microgale monticola***
Goodman & Jenkins, 1998 | |
|
|  | |
| Montane shrew tenrec range | |


title: Montebuono, Sorano

abstract: Montebuono is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Sorano, province of Grosseto, in the tuff area of southern Maremma. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 37. Montebuono is about 75 km from Grosseto and 12 km from Sorano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road which links Castell'Azzara and Elmo to Sovana. The village was known as Tucciano in the Middle Ages. It is composed by two hamlets: Appalto and Dispensa.

text:
# Montebuono, Sorano

**Montebuono** is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Sorano, province of Grosseto, in the tuff area of southern Maremma. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 37.

Montebuono is about 75 km from Grosseto and 12 km from Sorano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road which links Castell'Azzara and Elmo to Sovana. The village was known as *Tucciano* in the Middle Ages. It is composed by two hamlets: *Appalto* and *Dispensa*.

## Main sights

* *Sant'Andrea* (13th century), main parish church of the village, it was built in the 13th century and later restructured many times. It contains some late-Renaissance paintings.
* *Madonna del Cerro* (17th century), church in the hamlet of *Dispensa*, it was built in 1686. It was restored in 1982.
* Castle of Montebuono, old castle of the village, it's now in ruins.

## Bibliography

* Aldo Mazzolai, *Guida della Maremma. Percorsi tra arte e natura*, Florence, Le Lettere, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Montebuono | |
| --- | --- |
| *Frazione* | |
| The church of *Sant'Andrea* and the ancient walls | |
| MontebuonoLocation of Montebuono in Italy | |
| Coordinates: 42°42′21″N 11°38′47″E / 42.70583°N 11.64639°E / 42.70583; 11.64639 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Grosseto (GR) |
| *Comune* | Sorano |
| Elevation | 519 m (1,703 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 28 |
| Demonym | *Montebonesi* |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 58010 |
| Dialing code | (+39) 0564 |


title: Montpellier 2 University

abstract: Montpellier 2 University was a French university in the académie of Montpellier. It was one of the three universities formed in 1970 from the original University of Montpellier. Its main campus neighbors the Montpellier 3 University's main campus, and for this reason the nearest tramway station is named "Universities of Sciences and Literature" rather than "University of Sciences". In January 2015, Montpellier 1 University and Montpellier 2 University merged into the Montpellier University.

text:
# Montpellier 2 University

**Montpellier 2 University** (Université Montpellier 2) was a French university in the *académie* of Montpellier. It was one of the three universities formed in 1970 from the original University of Montpellier. Its main campus neighbors the Montpellier 3 University's main campus, and for this reason the nearest tramway station is named "Universities of Sciences and Literature" rather than "University of Sciences". In January 2015, Montpellier 1 University and Montpellier 2 University merged into the Montpellier University (Université de Montpellier).

## History

The creation of the imperial University by Napoleon I in 1808 stimulated the formation of a number of faculties of Humanities and of Science in the main cities of the French Empire.

At that time, Montpellier had already a long-established medical college and a school of Pharmacy, but also a respected Royal Society of Sciences created in 1706. In 1810, a Faculty of Science started with initially seven chairs: mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, and mineralogy.

In 1879, the faculty created a research station of marine biology in Sète, and, twelve years later, and Institute of Botany (which is still part of University Montpellier 2). The Institute of Chemistry, created in the same period, became the Ecole Nationale Supérieure of Chemistry of Montpellier in 1941.

In 1964, the faculty left the centre of Montpellier to settle in a 30 hectare campus to the north of the city on which 146 000 m2 of buildings for teaching and research were built.

## Heritage

The University Montpellier 2 retains the Institute of Botany of Montpellier (created in 1889 by Professor Charles Flahault), which is close to the botanical garden of University Montpellier 1. Partly demolished after World War II, most of the buildings date from 1956. The building houses a prestigious herbarium, the largest in France after the national museum of natural history, with approximately 4 million samples and an important collection of botany vellums, and research laboratories in the fields of ecology and parasitology. The station of marine biology in Sète has been part of the university since 1879.

In addition to these collections, the university's media library brings together its old collections of printed works, manuscripts, and iconography (including, for example, the library of the work of Felix Dunal, bequeathed to the Faculty of Science in 1856). These collections are publicly accessible given a reasonable request.

The university is also the seat of the *Pôle universitaire de Montpellier* which collectively represents the higher education establishments in the Languedoc-Roussillon region.

## Overview of University Montpellier 2

Université Montpellier 2 is a research-intensive university where education and research cover most of the Scientific and Technological fields:

It is partnered with 40 joint research units, 1 observatory and divided into 7 specialised faculties.

## Education

The university curriculum follows the LMD system, which divides higher education into 3 diplomas: Licence (Bachelor's degree, 3 years of Higher Education) Master (Master's degree, 2 years after bachelor's degree) Doctorat (PhD, 3 years after master's degree)

The university is divided into 7 specialised faculties:

And 6 doctoral schools.

## Research

Université Montpellier 2 is composed of about forty research departments in:

The whole research activity is carried out collaboratively with the leading national research organisations (CNRS, Inserm INSERM, Institut national de la recherche agronomique INRA, Cirad CIRAD, Ird IRD, Brgm, CEA, CNES, Ifremer, Inria, Irstea).

## Rankings

* 2014 QS world university rankings
    + 51 – 100th for the Earth and Marine Sciences field
    + 101 – 150th for the Agriculture & Forestry field
    + 385th worldwide
* 2013 Academic Ranking of World Universities: 201 – 300th worldwide
* Times Higher Education under 50 universities: 32nd worldwide
* National Taiwan university: 294th worldwide

1. Décret 2014-1038 du 11 septembre 2014 portant création de l’université de Montpellier
2. "Overview - Research". *Université Montpellier 2 - English website*. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
3. Education in France#Universities in France
4. 8 thematic departments
5. "Université Montpellier 2 Sciences et Techniques Rankings". *Top Universities*. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
6. "Université Montpellier 2 Sciences et Techniques Rankings". *Top Universities*. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
7. "Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2013 - Top 500 universities - Shanghai Ranking - 2013 - World University Ranking - 2013". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
8. "100 Under 50 Rankings 2013". *Times Higher Education*. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
9. "National Taiwan University Ranking 2014 - (NTURanking 2014)". Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

43°37′55″N 3°51′50″E / 43.63194°N 3.86389°E / 43.63194; 3.86389

## InfoBox

Montpellier 2 University
| Université Montpellier 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public |
| Active | 1970–2015 |
| President | Michel Robert |
| Academic staff | 2,564 |
| Students | 16,224 |
| Doctoral students | 1,000 |
| Address | place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France, Montpellier, Hérault, France |
| Campus | Montpellier, Nîmes, Béziers, Sète, Mende, Carcassonne, Perpignan |
| Affiliations | ASAIHL |
| Website | http://www.english.univ-montp2.fr/ |


title: Urban town

abstract:
An urban town is a proposed classification for towns in the state of Wisconsin, similar to the urban townships of Minnesota and Ohio. The concept, originally proposed in 2001, as AB501, limited the classification to towns with over 7,500 people. The proposal has gained support from such organizations as the Wisconsin Towns Association. The impetus that originally spawned the concept of urban towns was an effort to stem annexation of urbanized areas in unincorporated area by cities and villages across county lines. Obtaining "urban town" status effectively freezes the town's boundaries. While urban towns would have substantially greater zoning and regulatory rights than "rural towns", the status would not confer "incorporated" status on the municipality, freeing them from several responsibilities incumbent upon incorporated municipal governments, thus distinguishing them from the incorporated towns of Illinois. In the time since the idea was originally proposed, many of the towns that would have been affected have since incorporated, but 2004 population estimates indicate that a number of towns that would have been ineligible in 2001, now are. As of March 2007, the eligible include:
  - Delafield (town), Wisconsin
  - Genesee, Wisconsin
  - Grand Chute, Wisconsin
  - Grand Rapids, Wisconsin
  - Greenville, Wisconsin
  - Harrison, Calumet County, Wisconsin
  - Lisbon, Waukesha County, Wisconsin
  - Menasha (town), Wisconsin
  - Merton (town), Wisconsin
  - Norway, Wisconsin
  - Oconomowoc (town), Wisconsin
  - Rib Mountain, Wisconsin
  - Salem, Kenosha County, Wisconsin
  - Somers, Wisconsin
  - Springfield, Dane County, Wisconsin
  - Waukesha (town), Wisconsin If current trends continue, over a dozen other towns will fit the population requirements by the 2010 census.

text:
# Urban town

An **urban town** is a proposed classification for towns in the state of Wisconsin, similar to the urban townships of Minnesota and Ohio. The concept, originally proposed in 2001, as AB501, limited the classification to towns with over 7,500 people. The proposal has gained support from such organizations as the Wisconsin Towns Association. The impetus that originally spawned the concept of urban towns was an effort to stem annexation of urbanized areas in unincorporated area by cities and villages across county lines. Obtaining "urban town" status effectively freezes the town's boundaries. While urban towns would have substantially greater zoning and regulatory rights than "rural towns", the status would not confer "incorporated" status on the municipality, freeing them from several responsibilities incumbent upon incorporated municipal governments, thus distinguishing them from the incorporated towns of Illinois.

In the time since the idea was originally proposed, many of the towns that would have been affected have since incorporated, but 2004 population estimates indicate that a number of towns that would have been ineligible in 2001, now are. As of March 2007, the eligible include:

If current trends continue, over a dozen other towns will fit the population requirements by the 2010 census.


title: Goldreich-Kylafis effect

abstract: The Goldreich-Kylafis (GK) effect is a quantum mechanical effect with applications in Astrophysics.  The theoretical background of the work was published by Peter Goldreich and his at the time postdoc Nick Kylafis in a series of two papers in The Astrophysical Journal. The GK effect predicts that, under special conditions, the spectral lines emitted by interstellar molecules should be linearly polarized and the linear polarization vector should reveal the magnetic field direction in the molecular cloud.  Even a μG magnetic field is enough for this effect.  The lines arise from rotational transitions of molecules, say J=1 to J=0, where J is the rotational quantum number. If the magnetic sublevels of the J=1 level are equally populated, as it is usually the case, then the line is unpolarized.  However, if the magnetic sublevels are unequally populated, then the line is polarized. Goldreich & Kylafis (1981) showed that, if the radiation field in which the molecules are embedded is anisotropic, then the magnetic sublevels are unequally populated. Since isotropic radiation fields are practically non existent in Nature, the effect should be easily detectable. This is however not the case as some specific conditions are required for detection. These are that the line optical depth of the molecular cloud should be of order unity and that the radiative rates should be comparable to or larger than the collisional rates. Since the observed lines from molecular clouds are broad, due to velocity gradients in the cloud, the GK effect has the potential to reveal the magnetic field direction along the line of sight. It has been reported in star forming regions, in thermal-pulsating (TP-) AGB stars and recently in the disk around the T Tauri star TW Hya.

text:
# Goldreich-Kylafis effect

The **Goldreich-Kylafis** (GK) effect is a quantum mechanical effect with applications in Astrophysics. The theoretical background of the work was published by Peter Goldreich and his at the time postdoc Nick Kylafis in a series of two papers in The Astrophysical Journal.

The GK effect predicts that, under special conditions, the spectral lines emitted by interstellar molecules should be linearly polarized and the linear polarization vector should reveal the magnetic field direction in the molecular cloud. Even a μG magnetic field is enough for this effect. The lines arise from rotational transitions of molecules, say J=1 to J=0, where J is the rotational quantum number. If the magnetic sublevels of the J=1 level are equally populated, as it is usually the case, then the line is unpolarized. However, if the magnetic sublevels are unequally populated, then the line is polarized. Goldreich & Kylafis (1981) showed that, if the radiation field (their own plus external) in which the molecules are embedded is anisotropic, then the magnetic sublevels are unequally populated. Since isotropic radiation fields are practically non existent in Nature (e.g. only at the center of an isolated perfectly spherical molecular cloud), the effect should be easily detectable. This is however not the case as some specific conditions are required for detection. These are that the line optical depth of the molecular cloud should be of order unity and that the radiative rates should be comparable to or larger than the collisional rates.

Since the observed lines from molecular clouds are broad, due to velocity gradients in the cloud, the GK effect has the potential to reveal the magnetic field direction along the line of sight. It has been reported in star forming regions, in thermal-pulsating (TP-) AGB stars and recently in the disk around the T Tauri star TW Hya.


title: Goliath Artists

abstract: Goliath Artists is an American management company and record label founded by Shady Records president and co-founder Paul Rosenberg, based in New York City, New York and Detroit, Michigan.

text:
# Goliath Artists

**Goliath Artists** is an American management company and record label founded by Shady Records president and co-founder Paul Rosenberg, based in New York City, New York and Detroit, Michigan.

## Management

### Current artists

| Act | Year
signed | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eminem | 1999 | Shady · Aftermath · Interscope |
| Danny Brown | 2013 | Warp |

### Former artists

## Goliath Records

| Goliath Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Parent company | Universal Music Group |
| Founded | 2020 (2020) |
| Founder | Paul Rosenberg |
| Distributor(s) | Interscope Records |
| Genre |  |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Location | New York City, New York
Detroit, Michigan |

### History

On February 21, 2020 it was reported that Paul Rosenberg was stepping down from Def Jam Recordings as Chairman and CEO to focus his time operating Shady Records, Goliath Artists, and his new venture Goliath Records. The following year, he announced his first signee on the Goliath Records roster, Indiana rapper Vince Ash and released his deluxe version of *VITO* through Interscope.

### Current artists

| Act | Year
signed | Releases
under the label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vince Ash | 2021 | 1 |

## Discography

| Artist | Album | Details |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vince Ash | *VITO (Deluxe Edition)* |  |

## InfoBox

Goliath Artists, Inc.
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Talent and Literary Agencies |
| Key people | Paul Rosenberg, (Chairman & CEO) |


title: Usaquén

abstract: Usaquén is the 1st locality of Bogotá, capital of Colombia. It is located in the north of the city. This district is mostly inhabited by upper middle and upper class residents. It is designated as Bogotá's #1 locality, while being a separate municipality of Cundinamarca until 1954, when it was annexed into the city. Today, Usaquén is home to more than 480,000 inhabitants as projected by 2008. The Eastern Hills form the natural border to the east.

text:
# Usaquén

**Usaquén** is the 1st locality of Bogotá, capital of Colombia. It is located in the north of the city. This district is mostly inhabited by upper middle and upper class residents. It is designated as Bogotá's #1 locality, while being a separate municipality of Cundinamarca until 1954, when it was annexed into the city. Today, Usaquén is home to more than 480,000 inhabitants as projected by 2008. The Eastern Hills form the natural border to the east.

## General information

### Borders

### Sites of interest

* The colonial quarter of **Usaquén** includes most of the buildings which belonged to the old municipality of the same name. These buildings are characterized by its Spanish colonial style architecture, similar of those in the La Candelaria neighborhood. Some important buildings in the area include: the Santa Barbara church (constructed in 1665 and modernized in the 20th century), the old country manor of the same name (now a mall) and the San José de Usaquén seminar and a variety of good restaurants.
* Country Club, the largest golf club in Bogotá
* Hacienda Santa Barbara, a colonial style Hacienda that now serves as a shopping mall
* Unicentro, Bogotá shopping mall, dating back to the mid seventies
* Santa Ana Centro Comercial, shopping mall
* Weekly **Mercado de Las Pulgas** (translated, Flea Market) - Takes place every Sunday on and around Plaza Usaquén. It is popular with local Bogotans as well as visitors. It is a place to shop for handicrafts, and various knick knacks. The main focus is on enjoyment. People come to enjoy the ambience. There is often entertainment on the square including bands, dancers, jugglers and mime artists. There is also a variety of local snacks and deserts available. Visitors often combine the visit with lunch on one of the many up-market restaurants in the area.
* La Aguadora Trail: La Aguadora is a hiking trail located in Usaquén, access is managed by The Bogotá Aqueduct Company. Ecological walks of this trail are conducted regularly by the District Institute of Recreation and Sports "IDRD"

## History

The name comes from the *cacique* *Usaque*, who was ruling the area of the southern Muisca as part of the Muisca Confederation. *Usaque* in Muysccubun means "under the pole". In 1537 conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his troops arrived on the Bogotá savanna. Usaquén was abandoned by Spanish decree in 1777. It was gradually repopulated by people from Bogotá, and was host to some fighting during the war for Colombian independence. It was re-founded as a municipality in 1846, and in 1860 it was the scene of a battle between government troops and Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera. After winning that battle, Cipriano took power of the country.

Until 1954, the municipality covered 71 square kilometres (27 sq mi), starting from Avenida España in the south and ending 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the north along the road to Chía. It had traditionally been a spot for Bogotá's elites to maintain country homes. When it was integrated into the city, it maintained many of its municipal institutions, but with the supervision of Bogotá's mayor. Under the new constitution of 1991, Bogotá was reorganized into localities. Usaquén was numbered first of twenty.

On December 31, 1978, the guerrilla group M-19 took the military base called Cantón Norte, robbing the arsenal.

## Neighbourhoods and parks

### Neighborhoods

Among the important neighborhoods are: Tibabita, Lijacá, Verbenal, San Antonio,El Codito, Servitá, San Cristóbal Norte, Toberín, Barrancas, Cedritos, Bella Suiza, La Carolina, Santa Ana, Santa Bárbara, San Gabriel Norte, Cantón Norte, Francisco Miranda, Las Margaritas, San Patricio and the colonial heart of Usaquén.

### Parks

Torca, located at the extreme north, is the locality's largest park. The Country Club's polo area was acquired by the District and transformed into a metropolitan park for northern Bogotá.

## Education

Gimnasio Alessandro Volta, a private Italian international school, is in Usaquén.

## InfoBox

| Usaquén | |
| --- | --- |
| Locality of Bogotá | |
| View of Usaquén | |
| Location of the locality in the city of Bogotá | |
| Location of the locality in the Capital District of Bogotá | |
| Coordinates: 4°43′11″N 74°02′12″W / 4.71972°N 74.03667°W / 4.71972; -74.03667 | |
| Country | Colombia |
| City | Bogotá D.C. |
| Area | |
| Total | 65.31 km2 (25.22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,650 m (8,690 ft) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 449,621 |
| Density | 6,900/km2 (18,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Unnai Solli Kutramillai

abstract: Unnai Solli Kutramillai is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Ameerjan, starring Karthik and Sithara. The film, produced by Kavithalayaa Productions, was released on 17 March 1990.

text:
# Unnai Solli Kutramillai

***Unnai Solli Kutramillai*** (transl.You are blameless) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Ameerjan, starring Karthik and Sithara. The film, produced by Kavithalayaa Productions, was released on 17 March 1990.

## Plot

Balu is a graduate youth who came from his village to town, who wants to become rich. He works as a police informer and falls in love with Janaki, the daughter of Inspector Veerapandian. Veerapandian asks Balu to watch his daughter closely, to see if she had a boyfriend. In the same time, Veerapandian's enemy Kumar tries to kidnap her daughter, they fail due to his opposition. Balu finds an illegal drug trade and his house's owner was sent to jail, then his all family commits suicide. Veerapandian is promoted as assistant commissioner and Balu resigns his job. One day, Veerapandian finds Balu in a crime scene and asks him to say identify the killer, but he refuses. Even after being tortured, he says nothing. After being released from prison, he cannot find a job. Baby is killed and Balu decides to steal the money from the criminals. Balu becomes rich and Kumar falls in love with Balu's sister Parvathi. Balu was later arrested by Veerapandian and brutally tortured by the police in prison. Kumar refuses Balu's sisters request to save Balu, his sister realises that she has been cheated by Kumar and Kumar kills her. Janaki tells that the culprit is Darmaraj and Veerapandian releases him. Balu kills Kumar and Darmaraj to revenge his sister death.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics written by Vaali.

| Song | Singer(s) | Duration |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Kettu Pattanam" | Ilaiyaraja | 4:31 |
| "Raaththiriyil Thookkamillai" | Usha Uthup, | 5:02 |
| "Kar Silai Silai Thaan" | Usha Uthup, Saibaba | 4:51 |
| "Sorkathin Vasapadi" | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chitra | 5:01 |

## Reception

C. R. K. of *Kalki* wrote .

## InfoBox

| Unnai Solli Kutramillai | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Ameerjan |
| Written by | Crazy Mohan (dialogue) |
| Screenplay by | Ananthu |
| Story by | Ameerjan |
| Produced by | Rajam Balachander
Pushpa Kandaswamy |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | C. S. Ravibabu |
| Edited by | S. S. Nazir |
| Music by | Ilaiyaraaja |
| Production
company | Kavithalayaa Productions |
| Release date | * 17 March 1990 (1990-03-17) |
| Running time | 145 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Gordon Hitt Farmstead

abstract: The Gordon Hitt Farmstead is a former farm located at 4561 North Lake Road near Clark Lake, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It now serves as a vacation rental.

text:
# Gordon Hitt Farmstead

The **Gordon Hitt Farmstead** is a former farm located at 4561 North Lake Road near Clark Lake, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It now serves as a vacation rental.

## History

The first European settlers arrived in the Clark Lake area in 1833. In 1835, Ephraim, a veteran of the War of 1812, and Nellie Hitt, along with their eight children including their young son Gordon, moved from Delaware County, New York to this area in the wilderness of Michigan, then a part of the Northwest Territory. They traveled by way of horse and wagon from New York to Michigan via Canada. Although they were originally headed toward White Pigeon, Michigan, Ephraim decided to settle at Clark Lake. They built a log cabin near the shore of Clark Lake.

In the 1850s, the Federal government granted Ephraim two bounty land warrants totalling 160 acres for his service in the War of 1812. The family then built a new home further north away from the lake along North Lake Road. That home was destroyed by a fire in the 1860s. By this time Gordon was grown, and in 1868 he constructed a new farmhouse near the site of the older building. Around the same time, a group of barns was constructed across the road from the house. Over the next three decades, the Hitt farm expanded from 50 acres to 270 acres. By the 1890s, Gordon Hitt had died, and his son Elmer built a second house near the main one for his mother (and Gordon's widow) Eliza Hitt. He constructed a small garage in 1912. By this time, Clark Lake was becoming a recreation hub, and in the 1920s, Elmer and his son Gordon sold off lots along the lakeshore for cottages. Into the twentieth century, the usage of the Hitt farmstead changed. The farm decreased in size, and in the 1930s, Gordon Hitt operated a boys' summer camp on the site.

The farm eventually passed to Gordon's son, Richard. Richard operated it as a bed and breakfast for a time. He died in 2008. The farm passed to younger member of the Hitt family, and now serves as a private vacation rental.

## Description

The Hitt Farmstead includes a complex of buildings on either side of North Lake Road. On one side are the two-story main house, a smaller 1+12-story secondary house, a garage and small shed. On the other side are two large gambrel roof barns, the foundation of a third barn, and a one-story gable roof outbuilding.

The main house is a two-story, Upright and Wing balloon frame house with intersecting gable roofs covered with asphalt shingles. It sits on a fieldstone foundation, and is covered with clapboards and vertical corner boards. A single-story gabled dining room and kitchen ell extends from the rear of the house. The upright portion is one bay wide, and side-gabled wing portion is three bays wide, fronted by a single-story porch running for two bays. The front entrance is located near the junction of the upright and wing. Two more porches are located in the rear. All porches have hipped roofs and are decorated with cut-outs, paneled bases and floral brackets. The windows throughout the house are tall, two-over-two double-hung sash units in slightly arched openings flanked by shutters with their tops cut to match the arches of the windows.

The secondary house is a 1+12-story, front-gabled balloon framed structure covered with horizontal clapboard siding with flat corner boards. A small single-story side-gabled kitchen ell is located to one side of the main section. A hipped roof, single-story porch wraps around the house from the ell across the front and onto the other side. The porch has a plain geometric railing. The windows are one-over-one double-hung units, paired on the gable ends.

Two smaller buildings are located nearby on the same side of the road: a small wooden single-story gable roof garage, and a small gabled chicken coop/storage shed. Across the road are two barns and another outbuilding. The outbuilding is a single-story, gable roof post and beam structure on a limestone foundation. It is covered with horizontal siding with flat corner boards, and has a pair of side-hinged vertical plank doors. The two barns are joined, gambrel structures sited nearby, with their roof ridgelines perpendicular to each other. The barns sit on limestone foundations. The lower levels of the barns are covered with vertical board and batten siding, with horizontal drop siding identical to that on the outbuilding on the upper section of one, and newer board and batten siding on the upper level of the other. The roofs of all three buildings are covered with asphalt shingles.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Gordon Hitt Farmstead | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| 1868 main house | |
|  | |
| Location | 4561 N. Lake Rd., Clark Lake, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 42°07′25″N 84°18′13″W / 42.12361°N 84.30361°W / 42.12361; -84.30361 (Gordon Hitt Farmstead) |
| Area | 55 acres (22 ha) |
| Built | 1868 (1868) |
| Architectural style | Italianate, Gambrel-roof barns |
| NRHP reference No. | 94000743 |
| Added to NRHP | July 22, 1994 |


title: Kani Kouyaté

abstract: Kani Kouyaté is an Ivorian female professional basketball player.

text:
# Kani Kouyaté

**Kani Kouyaté** (born August 8, 1990) is an Ivorian female professional basketball player.

## InfoBox

Kani Kouyaté
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-08-08) August 8, 1990<br>Treichville, Ivory Coast |
| Listed height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Position | Shooting guard |
| Career history | |
| 2007-2013 | C.S. d'Abidjan |
| 2014 | Nantes Rezé |
|  | |


title: Fanatisme

abstract: Fanatisme is a 1934 French historical drama film directed by Tony Lekain and Gaston Ravel and starring Pola Negri, Jean Yonnel and Lucien Rozenberg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Bouxin.

text:
# Fanatisme

***Fanatisme*** is a 1934 French historical drama film directed by Tony Lekain and Gaston Ravel and starring Pola Negri, Jean Yonnel and Lucien Rozenberg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Bouxin.

## Cast

1. Kotowski p.208

## Bibliography

* Mariusz Kotowski. *Pola Negri: Hollywood's First Femme Fatale*. University Press of Kentucky, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Fanatisme | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Georges Raulet |
| Music by |  |
| Production<br>company | Via Films |
| Distributed by | Pathé Consortium Cinéma |
| Release date | * 1 June 1934 (1934-06-01) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Groovesect

abstract: Groovesect is a New Orleans funk band featuring conga/percussion player Alfred 'Uganda' Roberts and tours regularly with ex-James Brown band leader and original Parliament/Funkadelic member Fred Wesley.

text:
# Groovesect

**Groovesect** is a New Orleans funk band featuring conga/percussion player Alfred 'Uganda' Roberts and tours regularly with ex-James Brown band leader and original Parliament/Funkadelic member Fred Wesley.

## History

Groovesect was founded in 2006 by New Orleans musicians who had played together in various incarnations since they were eighteen, blending syncopated funk beats and jazz rhythms with rock and soul. Since 'Uganda' joined the band in the spring of 2007, Groovesect has been voted the #1 Funk Band and #2 Contemporary Jazz Band in the 2007 Best of the Big Easy Awards sponsored by *Where Y'at* magazine. Alfred 'Uganda' Roberts is widely known in New Orleans for having been Professor Longhair's only steady band member and touring and recording with The Meters, Dr. John, Herbie Mann, Willie T, and many other New Orleans musicians.

Groovesect's debut album *On The Brim* was produced by jazz producer John Snyder and released in the spring of 2008. Trombonist Fred Wesley is featured on three cuts and also appears regularly on tour with the band.

## Appearances

Groovesect has appeared at the Gathering of the Vibes Music Festival (Connecticut), High Sierra Music Festival (California), Telluride Jazz Festival (Colorado), Waterfront Blues Festival (Oregon), Voodoo Fest (NOLA) and many more. In December 2007 Groovesect was featured by NPR affiliate, KUVO 89.3 (Denver) on a nationally broadcast live performance featuring Fred Wesley and Henry Butler. Groovesect also receives daily airplay on WWOZ 90.7 in New Orleans and on radio stations around the world.

## InfoBox

| Groovesect | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | New Orleans, LA, USA |
| Genres | Funk/Rock/Jazz/Soul |
| Years active | 2006present |
|  | |
| Members | Danny Abel, Guitar
Nick Krawitz, Keys
Tim Sullivan, Saxophones/Flute
Eric Vogel, Bass
Colin Davis, Drums
Alfred 'Uganda' Roberts, Congas/Percussion
Justin Aliperti, Manager |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.groovesect.com/ |


title: Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho

abstract: Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho, 18th Count of Azevedo GCC, GCA, was a Portuguese naval officer, politician and professor, at the University of Coimbra and later the Escola Naval. He was a member of the Portuguese Democratic Party and served as the President of the Council of Ministers for the 7th government of the First Portuguese Republic. His government's composition was essentially made up of second-line political figures, and his government was jokingly referred to as "Os miseráveis de Victor Hugo", a play on the French author Victor Hugo's book Les Misérables.

text:
# Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho

**Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho, 18th Count of Azevedo** GCC, GCA (12 November 1871–27 June 1955), was a Portuguese naval officer, politician and professor, at the University of Coimbra and later the Escola Naval (Naval School). He was a member of the Portuguese Democratic Party and served as the President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) for the 7th government of the First Portuguese Republic (having led the country between 12 December 1914 and 25 January 1915). His government's composition was essentially made up of second-line political figures, and his government was jokingly referred to as "*Os miseráveis de Victor Hugo*" ("The miserables of Victor Hugo"), a play on the French author Victor Hugo's book *Les Misérables*.

## InfoBox

| CountVictor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Prime Minister of Portugal | |
| **In office**
12 December 1914  25 January 1915 | |
| President | Manuel de Arriaga |
| Preceded by | Bernardino Machado |
| Succeeded by | Joaquim Pimenta de Castro |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 November 1871
Portuguese Macau |
| Died | 27 June 1955(1955-06-27) (aged 83)
Lisbon, Portugal |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Occupation | Naval officer (Captain) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Portugal
Portugal |
| Branch/service | Portuguese Navy |
| Years of service | 1888—1933 |
|  | |


title: Huangduobao

abstract: Huangduobao is a town of Yuanzhou, Guyuan, Ningxia, China. In 2020 the population was 24,174. The town is best known for the Huangduo fortress, historically known as Pingxia, and the Xumishan Grottoes. Huangduobao can be traced back to Pingxia city, built in 1108 AD. Numerous Marigold cultivations surround the town.

text:
# Huangduobao

**Huangduobao** is a town of Yuanzhou, Guyuan, Ningxia, China.

In 2020 the population was 24,174.

The town is best known for the Huangduo fortress, historically known as Pingxia, and the Xumishan Grottoes. Huangduobao can be traced back to Pingxia city, built in 1108 AD.

Numerous Marigold cultivations surround the town.

## InfoBox

| Huangduobao 黄铎堡镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Xumishan Grottoes | |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 24,174 |
| Area code | 0954 |


title: Governor of Tomsk Oblast

abstract: Governor of Tomsk Oblast is the highest official and the head of the executive power of Tomsk Oblast in Russia. The term of the office is five years.

text:
# Governor of Tomsk Oblast

**Governor of Tomsk Oblast** is the highest official and the head of the executive power of Tomsk Oblast in Russia.

The term of the office is five years.

## History

## List of governors

| No. | Photo | Name | In office | Party | | Election |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | **Viktor Kress**
(born 1948) | 20 October 1991 – 17 March 2012 |  | Independent | 1995   ---  1999
---  2003
---  *2007* |
| | | |  | United Russia | |
| 2 | |  | **Sergey Zhvachkin**
(born 1957) | 17 March 2012 – 21 February 2017 |  | *2012*   ---  2017 |
| | |  | | | 21 February 2017 – 18 September 2017 |
| | | (2) | | | 18 September 2017 – 10 May 2022 |
|  | |  | **Vladimir Mazur**
(born 1966) | 10 May 2022 – 22 September 2022 |  | 2022 |
| | | 3 | | | since 22 September 2022 |

## InfoBox

| Governor of Tomsk Oblast
Губернатор Томской области | |
| --- | --- |
| Standard of the governor of Tomsk Oblast | |
| Incumbent
Vladimir Mazur
since 22 September 2022 | |
| Seat | Tomsk |
| Appointer | People of Tomsk Oblast |
| Term length | Five years, no more than two consecutive terms |


title: George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness

abstract: George Sinclair was a Scottish nobleman, 6th Earl of Caithness, and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands.

text:
# George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness

**George Sinclair** (died 1676) was a Scottish nobleman, 6th Earl of Caithness, and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands.

## Early life

George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness was the son of John Sinclair, Master of Berriedale and his wife Jean, daughter of Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth. His paternal grandparents were William Sinclair, Lord Berriedale and Mary, daughter of Henry Sinclair, Lord Sinclair. William Sinclair, Lord Berriedale was in turn a son of George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness.

George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness succeeded his great-grandfather and was served heir to John, Master of Berridale, his father in the earldom of Caithness on 21 March 1644.

## Earl of Caithness

### Civil War

After the Stuart Restoration the Earl of Caithness had become a royalist and was active in suppressing the Covenanters. He was a member of the Privy Council of Scotland and Lord Lieutenant of the county of Caithness. A Sinclair clansmen, John Sinclair of Dunbeath Castle, joined the royalist James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose and was with him at the Battle of Carbisdale in 1650.

George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness was present with Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll when Oliver Cromwell was proclaimed "Chiefe Magistrate of thir thrie nations, ouer the Crose of Elb".

### Death and dispute to the Earldom of Caithness

George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness married Mary, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, but had no children. He died at Thurso Castle in 1676. At the time of his death he was also an elder in the church of Thurso. It was recorded on 3 May 1676 that "*Mr Andrew Munro, minister of Thurso, did represent that the Earl of Caithness, being visited with heavie sickness, did earnestlie desire that all the Brethen of the Presbie should remember him in the publick and private prayers to God, which desire was cordially entertained*".

The Earldom of Caithness being much in debt, he had transferred the estates and the title to his principal creditor, John Campbell of Glenorchy, who upon Sinclair's death was created Earl of Caithness by patent. This however was challenged by George Sinclair of Keiss, son of Francis Sinclair of Northfield, who in turn was a younger son of George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness. On 13 July 1680, Campbell of Glenorchy took a force of 800 men north to evict Sinclair of Keiss, who was waiting for him with 500 men near Wick. Inflamed with drink, the Sinclairs attacked the force of Campbells and were routed in what is known as the Battle of Altimarlach. Legend has it that so many Sinclairs were killed that the Campbells were able to cross the river without getting their feet wet. However, in 1681 the Privy Council of Scotland made a proclamation in favor of Sinclair of Keiss who became the 7th Earl of Caithness and Campbell of Glenorchy was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland.

## InfoBox

| George Sinclair | |
| --- | --- |
| Earl of Caithness | |
| Earl of Caithness Coat of Arms | |
| Predecessor | George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness |
| Successor | John Campbell |
| Died | 1676 |
| Noble family | Clan Sinclair |
| Father | John Sinclair, Master of Berriedale |
| Mother | Jean Mackenzie |


title: Joel Soh

abstract: Joel Soh is a Malaysian film producer and director. He is a founder and managing director of his own company, Blackflag and the only producer for Polis Evo franchise since its debut in 2015. The films he produced have a combined box office over RM95 million, making him become one of the highest grossing producers in Malaysia, with Polis Evo 3 collecting RM54 million.

text:
# Joel Soh

**Joel Soh** (born 16 August 1987) is a Malaysian film producer and director. He is a founder and managing director of his own company, Blackflag and the only producer for *Polis Evo* franchise since its debut in 2015. The films he produced have a combined box office over RM95 million, making him become one of the highest grossing producers in Malaysia, with *Polis Evo 3* collecting RM54 million.

## Early life

Joel was born in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu and raised in Puchong, Selangor. He moved to Selangor in 2005, age 18 to continue pursue his studies at the National Cultural Arts and Heritage Academy (ASWARA), a performing arts school owned by the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, where he studied filmmaking in a brief period. He later moved to Taylor's University to studied Cambridge A-Level. After received scholarship from Astro, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts for pursue Bachelor's Degree in film and video production at Emerson College for three years.

After graduated, he returned to Malaysia and joined Astro Shaw and Tayangan Unggul as associate producer and production executive as part of the deal from the scholarship program.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Film | Credited as | | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Producer | Writer | Director | |
| 2009 | *Room 1821* | Yes | No | Yes | Short film; also as editor, and art director |
| 2011 | *Angela* | Yes | Yes | Yes | Short film |
| 2014 | *The Journey* | Associate | No | No |  |
| 2015 | *Cemetery of Splendour* | Associate | No | No |  |
| | *Polis Evo* | Yes | Yes | No |  |
| 2016 | *Ola Bola* | Associate | No | No |  |
| 2018 | *Polis Evo 2* | Yes | Yes | Yes | Co-directed with Andre Chiew |
| 2023 | *Polis Evo 3* | Yes | Yes | No |  |
| 2024 | *The Experts* | Yes | Yes | No |  |
| TBA | *Baran* | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
| | *Geran 2* | Yes | Yes | Yes | Co-directed with Areel Abu Bakar, In-development |
|

Key
|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Malaysia Film Festival | 2016 | Best Film | *Polis Evo* | Nominated |  |
| | Best Screenplay | | Nominated |  |
| | Special Jury Award | | Won |  |
| | Box Office Award | | Won |  |
| | 2018 | Most Promising Director | *Polis Evo 2* | Nominated |  |

1. "TEAM". *Blackflag*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
2. "Polis Evo 3 kini kaut RM54 juta, kekal filem terlaris 2023!". *www.astroawani.com*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
3. "Biasiswa Astro realisasikan impian 'budak kampung' ke layar perak". *www.astroawani.com*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
4. "Polis Evo Cetusan Idea Luar Biasa 4 Penulis". *www.astroawani.com*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
5. "Careers – Job Opportunities, Internships, Scholarships & AYTP | Astro". *www.astro.com.my*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
6. "Astro dominasi pencalonan akhir FFM28". *www.astroawani.com*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
7. Chua, Dennis (9 September 2016). "28th Malaysian Film Festival: Big names, big wins | New Straits Times". *NST Online*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

## InfoBox

| Joel Soh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1987-08-16) August 16, 1987
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia |
| Alma mater | Taylor's University
Emerson College |
| Occupations | * Film producer * Film director * Filmmaker |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Employer | Blackflag Malaysia |
| Notable work | *Polis Evo* |


title: Mercantile Marine War Medal

abstract: The Mercantile Marine War Medal was established in 1919 and awarded by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom to mariners of the British Mercantile Marine for service at sea during the First World War.

text:
# Mercantile Marine War Medal

The **Mercantile Marine War Medal** was established in 1919 and awarded by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom to mariners of the British Mercantile Marine (later renamed the Merchant Navy) for service at sea during the First World War.

## Institution

Between 5 August 1914, the day following the British declaration of war against the German Empire, and the armistice of 11 November 1918, 2,479 British merchant vessels and 675 British fishing vessels were lost as a result of enemy action, with respectively 14,287 and 434 lives lost. The Mercantile Marine War Medal was instituted by the Board of Trade and approved by the King to reward the war service of the officers and men of the Mercantile Marine who, while only trained as peacetime mariners, continued to serve while running the risk of being attacked at sea during the war.

## Award criteria

One or more voyages through a danger zone during the war qualified a mariner for the award of the medal, as did service at sea for not less than six months between 4 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. Men who served in coastal trades, such as pilots, fishermen and lightship and post office cable ship crews could also qualify. There was no minimum qualifying period for those killed or wounded by enemy action, or taken prisoner.

All recipients also received the British War Medal.

Members of the Royal Navy seconded to the Mercantile Marine to man defensive weapons on merchant ships could qualify for the Mercantile Marine War Medal in addition to other campaign medals. Men who transferred in or out of the Mercantile Marine from or to the fighting services could also qualify for the award of the Victory Medal and, if appropriate, the 1914 Star or 1914–15 Star, while still being eligible for the Mercantile Marine War Medal. Service solely in the Mercantile Marine, however, did not count for the award of the Victory Medal or either of the two Stars.

Altogether 133,135 Mercantile Marine War Medals were awarded. Over 17,000 were to seamen born outside the United Kingdom, including 624 to Canadians.

## Description

### Medal

The Mercantile Marine War Medal is a disk, struck in bronze and 36 millimetres in diameter. The straight clasp non-swivelling suspender is attached to the medal with a single-toe claw mount and a pin through the upper edge of the medal. The recipient's name only is impressed on the rim in sans-serif capital letters and the first given name is usually in full.

Obverse

The obverse is identical to that of the British War Medal and shows Sir Bertram Mackennal's bareheaded effigy of King George V facing left, with the legend "GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:" (George V, King of all the British Isles and Emperor of India).

Reverse

The reverse, designed by Harold Stabler, shows a merchant steamship ploughing through heavy seas, with an enemy submarine sinking on portside and a sailing ship in the background. The exergue is inscribed, in three lines, "FOR•WAR•SERVICE", "MERCANTILE•MARINE" and "•1914–1918•". Around the rim enclosing the whole image is a laurel wreath.

Ribbon

The ribbon is 32 millimetres (1.25 inches) wide, with a 13½ millimetres wide green band, a 5 millimetres wide white band and a 13½ millimetres wide red band, representing a ship's starboard and port running lights with the masthead steaming light in the centre.

## Memorial plaque

Along with the medal, the next-of-kin of those men and women who lost their lives as a result of enemy action, were presented with a memorial plaque and memorial scroll, both inscribed with the deceased's full name, and a condolence slip.

The Memorial Plaque is a medallion designed by Edward Carter Preston, struck in bronze and 4+34 inches (120 millimetres) in diameter, which shows Britannia with two dolphins behind her and a male lion in the foreground. Around the perimeter the medallion is inscribed "HE\*DIED\*FOR\*FREEDOM\*" at left and "\*AND\*HONOVR" at right. The deceased's full name is in relief in a rectangular frame above the lion's head. The exergue depicts the defeat of the Prussian eagle by the British lion. More than a million plaques were produced to commemorate the sacrifice of military and mercantile marine men and women who fell between 4 August 1914 and 30 April 1920.

### Condolence slip

The text of the condolence slip which accompanied the plaque reads: "Buckingham Palace. I send you this Memorial on behalf of my people and myself. We all desire that the brave and loyal service of the Mercantile Marine in war-time shall be gratefully recorded, and that the names of those who gave their lives for us shall be handed down with honour from one generation to another. (Signed) George RI".

### Memorial scroll

The memorial scroll text reads: "This scroll is written to honour that great company of our men who though trained only to the peaceful traffic of the sea yet in the hour of national danger gave themselves with the ancient skill and endurance of their breed to face new perils and new cruelties of war and in a right cause served fearlessly to the end. And this is written further to ensure that among the rest shall be ever freshly remembered the name and service of... (full name)."

## Order of wear

The order of wear of the First World War campaign stars and medals is as follows:

### South Africa

On 6 April 1952 the Union of South Africa instituted its own range of military decorations and medals. These new awards were worn before all earlier British decorations and medals awarded to South Africans, with the exception of the Victoria Cross, which still took precedence before all other awards. Of the First World War campaign medals applicable to South Africans, the Mercantile Marine War Medal takes precedence as shown.

## InfoBox

| Mercantile Marine War Medal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Campaign medal |
| Awarded for | Campaign service |
| Description | Bronze circular medal |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Presented by | the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India |
| Eligibility | Merchant Marine mariners |
| Campaign(s) | First World War |
| Clasps | None |
| Established | 1919 |
| Total | 133,135 |
|  | |
| Ribbon bar | |
|  | |
| Order of wear | |
| Next (higher) | British War Medal |
| Next (lower) | Naval General Service Medal (1915) |


title: Tongren Dejiang Airport

abstract: Tongren Dejiang Airport is an under-construction airport located in Dejiang county of Tongren City in Guizhou Province of Southwestern China. It formerly called "Qianbei (Dejiang) Airport". Tongren Dejiang Airport is about to operate in 2025.

text:
# Tongren Dejiang Airport

**Tongren Dejiang Airport** (Chinese: 铜仁德江机场) is an under-construction airport located in Dejiang county of Tongren City in Guizhou Province of Southwestern China. It formerly called "Qianbei (Dejiang) Airport". Tongren Dejiang Airport is about to operate in 2025.

## Facilities

## InfoBox

| Tongren Dejiang Airport<br>铜仁德江机场 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Dejiang, Guizhou, China |
| Coordinates | 28°07′16″N 108°09′47″E / 28.1210°N 108.1631°E / 28.1210; 108.1631 |
| Map | |
| Tongren Dejiang AirportLocation of airport in Guizhou | |


title: Torali

abstract: Torali is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.

text:
# Torali

**Torali** is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.

13°37′N 75°15′E / 13.617°N 75.250°E / 13.617; 75.250

## InfoBox

| Torali | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Belgaum |
| Talukas | Khanapur |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Mentzelia lindleyi

abstract: Mentzelia lindleyi, commonly known as golden bartonia, Lindley's blazingstar, evening star, or blazing star, is an annual wildflower of western North America.

text:
# Mentzelia lindleyi

***Mentzelia lindleyi***, commonly known as **golden bartonia**, **Lindley's blazingstar**, **evening star**, or **blazing star**, is an annual wildflower of western North America.

## Distribution

The plant is found in the California Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area, and San Joaquin Valley of California; and in Arizona.

Habitats it is found in include Coastal sage scrub and Southern oak woodland.

## Description

*Mentzelia lindleyi* grows to 1–3 feet (0.30–0.91 m) tall.

The plant produces bright yellow flowers, 3 inches in diameter, with five petals. One plant may have 25-35 flowers.

## Cultivation

As an annual wildflower, *Mentzelia lindleyi* is cultivated as an ornamental plant in traditional flower beds, drought tolerant and habitat gardens, and desert rock gardens. It is a pollinator plant in wildlife gardens. The plant prefers sandy soil in gardens.

Gallery

## InfoBox

| *Mentzelia lindleyi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Loasaceae |
| Genus: | *Mentzelia* |
| Species: | ***M. lindleyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mentzelia lindleyi***<br>Torr. & A.Gray | |
|


title: Mentzelia memorabilis

abstract: Mentzelia memorabilis, the nine-eleven blazingstar, is a shrub-like perennial endemic to the Uinkaret Plateau in Mohave County Arizona and adjacent Washington County Utah. This is a species of conservation concern throughout its range. Nine-eleven blazingstar can be found between 1400 and 1700 m in elevation growing on gypsiferous outcrops of the Harrisburg formation.

text:
# Mentzelia memorabilis

***Mentzelia memorabilis***, the **nine-eleven blazingstar**, is a shrub-like perennial endemic to the Uinkaret Plateau in Mohave County Arizona and adjacent Washington County Utah. This is a species of conservation concern throughout its range.

Nine-eleven blazingstar can be found between 1400 and 1700 m in elevation growing on gypsiferous outcrops of the Harrisburg formation.

## InfoBox

| *Mentzelia memorabilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Loasaceae |
| Genus: | *Mentzelia* |
| Species: | ***M. memorabilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mentzelia memorabilis***<br>N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren | |
|


title: Garadjari language

abstract: Garadjari is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Karajarri people. The language is a member of the Marrngu subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan family. It is spoken along the coast of northwestern Australia.

text:
# Garadjari language

**Garadjari** (Karajarri, many other spellings; see below) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Karajarri people. The language is a member of the Marrngu subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan family. It is spoken along the coast of northwestern Australia.

## Name

The name has many spelling variants, including:

* *Garadjari* (used by *A Grammar of Garadjari*)
* *Garadjiri*
* *Garadyari*
* *Garadyaria*
* *Gard'are*
* *Karadjeri* (used by Ethnologue)
* *Karajarri* (used by the *Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal languages* and is the spelling selected by the Karajarri people for their native title claims)
* *Karatjarri* (used by *Australian Languages*)
* *Karatyarri*
* *Karrajarra*
* *Karrajarri*

Kurajarra / Guradjara is sometimes confused with Garadjari, but it appears to have been a separate language.

## Phoneme inventory

Garadjari's phoneme inventory is typical of Australian languages, and is identical to the inventories of the other Marrngu languages. There are 17 consonant phonemes.

|  | Peripheral | | Apical | | Laminal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Bilabial | Velar | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal |
| Obstruents |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nasals |  |  |  |  |  |
| Laterals |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rhotics |  |  |  |  |  |
| Approximants |  | |  |  |  |

Also typical of Australian languages, there are only three vowel phonemes.

|  | Front | Back |
| --- | --- | --- |
| High |  |  |
| Low |  | |

* Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). *Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521473780.
* Johnson, Edward (1992). *Karajarri sketch grammar*. University of Sydney.
* Sands, Anna Kristina (1989). *A Grammar of Garadjari, Western Australia*.
* Thieberger, Nicholas (1993). *Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal languages South of the Kimberley Region*. Pacific Linguistics.

## InfoBox

| Garadjari | |
| --- | --- |
| Karajarri | |
| Region | Western Australia |
| Ethnicity | Karajarri |
| Native speakers | 41 (2016 census) |
| Language family | Pama–Nyungan |
| Dialects | * Najanaja (Murrkut/Murgud) * Nawurtu (Naurdu) * Nangu |
| Writing system | Latin |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `gbd` |
| *Glottolog* | `kara1476` |
| AIATSIS | `A64` |
| ELP | Karajarri |


title: Goodwill, South Dakota

abstract: Goodwill is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place (CDP) in Roberts County, South Dakota, United States. Prior to the 2020 Census, the CDP was merged into the Agency Village census-designated place. Over 90% of the population is Native American.

text:
# Goodwill, South Dakota

**Goodwill** is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place (CDP) in Roberts County, South Dakota, United States. Prior to the 2020 Census, the CDP was merged into the Agency Village census-designated place. Over 90% of the population is Native American.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 513 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census
merged into the Agency Village CDP
prior to the 2020 Census | | | |

### 2010 census

**Goodwill CDP, South Dakota - Demographic Profile**
(*NH = Non-Hispanic*)
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010 | % 2010 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 13 | 2.53% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 470 | 91.62% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 22 | 4.29% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 8 | 1.56% |
| **Total** | **513** | **100.00%** |

*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.*

## InfoBox

| Goodwill, South Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Coordinates: 45°33′58″N 97°03′21″W / 45.56611°N 97.05583°W / 45.56611; -97.05583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Dakota |
| County | Roberts |
| Elevation | 1,444 ft (440 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 513 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 46-24775 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2584555 |


title: Queenwood School for Girls

abstract: Queenwood School for Girls, often abbreviated as Queenwood, is a multi-campus independent non-denominational Christian primary and secondary day school for girls, located in the suburb of Mosman on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, Australia. Established in 1925 by Miss Grace Lawrance and named after the Queenwood Ladies' College in East Sussex, Queenwood has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 900 students from Kindergarten to Year 12. The school is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia, and is a member of the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools (AHIGS).

text:
# Queenwood School for Girls

**Queenwood School for Girls**, often abbreviated as **Queenwood**, is a multi-campus independent non-denominational Christian primary and secondary day school for girls, located in the suburb of Mosman on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, Australia.

Established in 1925 by Miss Grace Lawrance and named after the Queenwood Ladies' College in East Sussex, Queenwood has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 900 students from Kindergarten to Year 12.

The school is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia, and is a member of the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools (AHIGS).

## History

Queenwood was established on 21 September 1925 by Grace Lawrance, assisted by Beatrice Rennie, as an independent, day and boarding school for girls.

The two women had met in 1918 at the Glennie Memorial School in Toowoomba, Queensland, where Lawrance was Principal, and Rennie first assistant-mistress. They travelled to England in 1921, where they visited many of the best girls' schools. Neither of them was without health issues but they resigned from the Glennie in 1925. They wanted to create a school in Sydney and they chose a large, old house in Mosman.

The school was named "Queenwood" after the now defunct Queenwood Ladies' College at Eastbourne, in East Sussex, on the south coast of England, which had been founded by Miss Lawrance's mother in 1871, and which was similarly located on a hill overlooking the sea. The site at Mandalong Road was chosen because of its view over Balmoral Beach and its northeasterly aspect. As Queenwood grew, the school expanded to a second site at Mandalong Road.

By 1926 Queenwood was a registered secondary school, and three years later Miss Rennie was teaching, running the school and caring for her ailing co-Principal. In 1932, a combination of the Depression, Lawrance's death in November, and Rennie's illnesses, meant that Violet Maude Medway often assisted in managing the school. The two women became co-Principals in 1942. Queenwood prospered despite the Depression and Second World War, and by 1950, Rennie was president of the New South Wales branch of the Headmistresses' Association of Australia. The school phased out its boarding program in the 1950s.

In 1962 Rennie retired as co-Principal but the school remained her home as she worked in the library and helped with the students, as far as her health permitted. In 1966, the school became a non-profit private company, named Queenwood School for Girls Ltd.

The Junior School moved to the Medway Centre at Queen Street, Mosman in 1990, and later the Visual Arts Department moved to a separate site on The Esplanade at Balmoral Beach.

## Principals

The following individuals have served as Principal of the Queenwood School for Girls:

| Ordinal | Officeholder | Term start | Term end | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Grace Lawrance | 1925 | 1931 | 5–6 years | Founder |
| 2 | Beatrice Rennie | 1931 | 1961 | 29–30 years | Co-Principal with Violet Medway, 19421961 |
| 3 | Violet Medway | 1942 | 1982 | 39–40 years | Co-Principal with Beatrice Rennie, 19421961 |
| 4 | Alison Stalley | 1982 | 1987 | 4–5 years |  |
| 5 | Judith Wheeldon | 1987 | 1996 | 8–9 years |  |
| 6 | Kem Bray | 1996 | 2008 | 11–12 years |  |
| 7 | James Harpur | 2008 | 2013 | 4–5 years |  |
| 8 | Elizabeth Stone | 2014 | 2023 | 8–9 years |  |

## Campus

Queenwood has four campuses, each located in suburban Mosman. The site at 47 Mandalong Road on which Queenwood was founded, was completely redeveloped in 2002/03 and became operational in Term 4 of 2003. This campus caters for the Senior School (Years 7 to 12), and houses most of the academic activities of the School, including classrooms, integrated technology, a 600-seat tiered Auditorium, an underground car park, library, and music and drama facilities. In 2009/10 the Lawrance Campus at 44 Mandalong Road was completely redeveloped and opened for use in Term 3, 2010. The building has a 25m pool, a learn to swim pool, a 110-seat lecture theatre and numerous class rooms and science labs.

## Curriculum

Queenwood is registered and accredited with the New South Wales Board of Studies, and therefore follows the mandated curriculum for all years. It offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program and the Higher School Certificate in Years 11 and 12.

## House system

As with most Australian schools, Queenwood uses a house system through which students may participate in intra-school competitions and activities. The school currently has three houses:

* Queen
* Wood
* School

## The motto

The motto is, *Per Aspera ad Astra*, or 'through struggles to the stars.' (Extended by Miss Rennie to be: 'it is only by struggling to overcome difficulties that we can hope ever to reach our highest ideals.') Miss Rennie said, "*Per Aspera* precedes *Ad Astra* and so it is that strength and courage are necessary, for the highest and best are not attained without struggle. Self-control, self-discipline are necessary with strength, to stand up for the right and courage to stick with one's convictions."

## Notable alumnae

Alumnae of Queenwood are known as Old Girls, some notable 'Old Girls' of Queenwood include:

Entertainment, media and the arts Sport

## InfoBox

| Queenwood School for Girls | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Mosman, Lower North Shore
Sydney
Australia | |
| Coordinates | 33°49′26″S 151°14′55″E / 33.82389°S 151.24861°E / -33.82389; 151.24861 |
| Information | |
| Other name | Queenwood |
| Type | Independent single-sex primary and secondary day school |
| Motto | *Per Aspera Ad Astra*
(Through Struggles to the Stars) |
| Denomination | Non-denominational Christian |
| Established | 1925 (1925) |
| Founders | Grace Lawrance and Beatrice Rennie |
| Educational authority | NSW Department of Education |
| Chair | Dr Amanda Bell AM AO |
| Principal | Marise McConaghy |
| Employees | 160 |
| Years | K–12 |
| Gender | Girls |
| Enrolment | c.900 (2024) |
| Campuses | Mosman: * 47 Mandalong Road (12) * 6 Queen Street () * 44 Mandalong Road
(Science and Sport Campus) * Cnr Esther Road & The Esplanade
(Art and Design Campus) |
| Campus type | Suburban |
| Colour(s) | Red, grey and white |
| Affiliations |  |
| Website | www.queenwood.nsw.edu.au |


title: Mycena amicta

abstract: Mycena amicta, commonly known as the coldfoot bonnet, is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae. It was first described in 1821 by mycologist Elias Magnus Fries.

text:
# Mycena amicta

| *Mycena amicta*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **conical** |
|  | Hymenium is **adnate** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** |
|  | Spore print is **white** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is **unknown** |

***Mycena amicta***, commonly known as the **coldfoot bonnet**, is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae. It was first described in 1821 by mycologist Elias Magnus Fries.

## Description

Fresh specimens appear unmistakably blue; this fades to brownish hues in age.

The cap, initially conical to convex in shape, flattens out with age and typically reaches diameters of up to 1.5 cm (0.6 in). The cap cuticle can be peeled. The gills are close and the stipe is covered in powdery hairs.

The mushrooms appear in small groups, on the trunks of broadleaved trees, and particularly in the Pacific Northwest, around rotted conifer wood.

Media related to Mycena amicta at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Mycena amicta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Mycenaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycena* |
| Species: | ***M. amicta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycena amicta***
(Fr.) Quél. (1872) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Agaricus amictus* Fr.
 | |