title: Mao Zetan

abstract: Mao Zetan was a younger brother of Mao Zedong. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1923. In 1927, he participated in the Nanchang Uprising, retreating with the Communists to the Jinggang Mountains at its completion. In 1935, at the age of 29, he was killed while fighting Kuomintang forces in Jiangxi, covering the withdrawal of the main Communist army during the Long March.

text:
# Mao Zetan

| Mao Zetan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 毛澤覃 |
| Simplified Chinese | 毛泽覃 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Máo Zétán  Wade–Giles Mao2 Tse2-t'an2 | |
| Mao Zelin | |
| Traditional Chinese | 毛澤淋 |
| Simplified Chinese | 毛泽淋 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Máo Zélín  Wade–Giles Mao2 Tse2-lin2 | |
| Yongju | |
| Traditional Chinese | 詠菊 |
| Simplified Chinese | 咏菊 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Yǒngjú  Wade–Giles Yung3-chü2 | |
| Runju | |
| Traditional Chinese | 潤菊 |
| Simplified Chinese | 润菊 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Rùnjú  Wade–Giles Jun4-chü2 | |
|  | |

**Mao Zetan** (Chinese: 毛澤覃, also named Mao Zelin (毛澤淋), courtesy name first Yongju (咏菊), then Runju (润菊); 25 September 1905  25 April 1935) was a younger brother of Mao Zedong. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1923. In 1927, he participated in the Nanchang Uprising, retreating with the Communists to the Jinggang Mountains at its completion.

In 1935, at the age of 29, he was killed while fighting Kuomintang forces in Jiangxi, covering the withdrawal of the main Communist army during the Long March.

## Personal life

In 1927 he married Zhou Wennan. They had a son, later a soldier killed by Kuomintang forces.

## InfoBox

| Mao Zetan | |
| --- | --- |
| 毛澤覃 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1905-09-25)25 September 1905
Xiangtan, Hunan, Great Qing |
| Died | 25 April 1935(1935-04-25) (aged 29)
Ruijin, Jiangxi, Republic of China |
| Cause of death | Executed by the Kuomintang |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Other names | Mao Zelin (毛泽淋) |
| Occupation | Guerrilla soldier |
| Spouses | *   Zhou Wennan  (m. 1926; div. 1927) *   He Yi (19311935) |
| Parent(s) | Mao Yichang
Wen Qimei |


title: Villers-lès-Roye

abstract: Villers-lès-Roye is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Villers-lès-Roye

**Villers-lès-Roye** (French pronunciation: \[vilɛʁ  ʁwa\], literally *Villers near Roye*) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

The commune is situated 25 miles(40 km) southeast of Amiens, on the D54 road.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 162 |  |
| 1975 | 128 | −3.31% |
| 1982 | 183 | +5.24% |
| 1990 | 187 | +0.27% |
| 1999 | 203 | +0.92% |
| 2007 | 221 | +1.07% |
| 2012 | 252 | +2.66% |
| 2017 | 274 | +1.69% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Villers-lès-Roye | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A cross on the church in Villers-lès-Roye | |
| Location of Villers-lès-Roye | |
| Villers-lès-RoyeVillers-lès-Roye | |
| Coordinates: 49°42′24″N 2°43′59″E / 49.7067°N 2.7331°E / 49.7067; 2.7331 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Somme |
| Arrondissement | Montdidier |
| Canton | Roye |
| Intercommunality | CC Grand Roye |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Bruno Caron |
| Area**1** | 6.31 km2 (2.44 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 275 |
| Density | 44/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 80803 /80700 |
| Elevation | 62–99 m (203–325 ft)
(avg. 87 m or 285 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: WRBT

abstract: WRBT is a country music radio station broadcasting in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and broadcasts with a power of 25 kilowatts from a transmitter site in Enola, Pennsylvania. WRBT broadcasts in the HD Radio format.

text:
# WRBT

**WRBT** (94.9 FM, "Bob 94.9") is a country music radio station broadcasting in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and broadcasts with a power of 25 kilowatts from a transmitter site in Enola, Pennsylvania.

WRBT broadcasts in the HD Radio format.

## History

The station signed on the air on September 30, 1962, then owned by the Market Square Presbyterian Church, hence the original call letters WMSP. It was run as a volunteer radio station, parishioners volunteered to do air shifts, broadcasting a Classical Music format. The station was sold in 1988 to Barnstable Broadcasting, who changed the format to adult contemporary first, then an oldies format, KOOL 94.9. In 1995, Barnstable switched formats and call letters with its 99.3 signal, turning the 94.9 signal into WYMJ Magic 94.9. The generic mix format never did well and Barnstable put all of its Harrisburg market stations for sale in late 1996.

In December 1996, the sale was consummated with Dame Media the call letters were changed to WRBT and Dame launched the country format that is heard on the radio today.

Brad Chambers (from KPLX in Dallas) was hired as the program director. Bob 94.9 was well received in the community. Through hard work and many promotions, remote broadcasts and other local involvement, it took over the "top country spot" from (Cat Country 106.7). The original staff with the station was as follows:

* Mornings: Todd Jeffers, Nancy Ryan, Allen Willis (Nancy & Buzz 1999-2001)
* Mid-days: Shelly Easton (at Cat Country 96 in Allentown, Pa)
* Afternoons: Brad Chambers, PD (now working in Los Angeles)
* Evenings: Wes & Ang (Wes is John Beaston on the morning show on Wink 104, and Ang is currently the morning show co-host at the Beach 96.5 in Corpus Christi, TX)
* Overnights: "After Midnite" With Blair Garner (show still on the station)

## On-air personalities

* Nancy Ryan
* Newman
* Holly Love
* Jeff Hurley
* Bob Hauer

1. 1979 Broadcasting Year book, page C-186

## InfoBox

WRBT
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area |  |
| Frequency | 94.9 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | Bob 94.9 |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Country |
| Subchannels | HD2: Amy (Adult album alternative) |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations |  |
| History | |
| First air date | September 30, 1962 (1962-09-30) |
| Former call signs | * WMSP (1962–88) * WHKS (1988) * WWKL (1988–95) * WYMJ (1995–97) |
| Call sign meaning | "Robert" (proper name for Bob) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 54019 |
| Class | B |
| ERP | * 25,000 watts (horizontal) * 24,500 watts (vertical) |
| HAAT | 201 meters (659 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°18′58.3″N 76°56′59.9″W / 40.316194°N 76.949972°W / 40.316194; -76.949972 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live (via iHeartRadio) |
| Website | bob949.iheart.com |


title: Milesia brunneonigra

abstract: Milesia brunneonigra is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

text:
# Milesia brunneonigra

***Milesia brunneonigra*** is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Malaysia, India.

## InfoBox

| *Milesia brunneonigra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Milesiina |
| Genus: | *Milesia* |
| Species: | ***M. brunneonigra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Milesia brunneonigra***<br>Hippa, 1990 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Milesia bunneonigra* Hippa, 1990 | |


title: Ilariê

abstract: "Ilariê" is a song recorded by the Brazilian singer Xuxa, released on June 30, 1988 by Som Livre as the lead single from her fourth studio album, Xou da Xuxa 3 (1988). "Ilariê" debuted at the top of the Brazilian radio stations, reigning for 20 consecutive weeks. Ilariê's success has made Xou da Xuxa 3, the second best-selling album in the history of Brazil, with more than 3 million copies, entering the Guinness World Records as the best-selling children's album in history. The song was recorded in 80 dialects, including a Chinese version recorded by Taiwanese girl group i.n.g. In addition, the song achieved international success, when it was recorded in spanish and released outside Brazil in 1989, reaching position #11 on the Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart. Also, the song was recorded in english in 1993, translated and composed by the Italian-Brazilian singer Deborah Blando, who was planned to be released on Xuxa's first english album, wich never happened. The song was performed several times on Xuxa's American program.

text:
# Ilariê

**"Ilariê"** is a song recorded by the Brazilian singer Xuxa, released on June 30, 1988 by Som Livre as the lead single from her fourth studio album, *Xou da Xuxa 3* (1988). "Ilariê" debuted at the top of the Brazilian radio stations, reigning for 20 consecutive weeks.

Ilariê's success has made *Xou da Xuxa 3*, the second best-selling album in the history of Brazil, with more than 3 million copies, entering the Guinness World Records as the best-selling children's album in history. The song was recorded in 80 dialects, including a Chinese version recorded by Taiwanese girl group i.n.g.

In addition, the song achieved international success, when it was recorded in spanish and released outside Brazil in 1989, reaching position #11 on the Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart.

Also, the song was recorded in english in 1993, translated and composed by the Italian-Brazilian singer Deborah Blando, who was planned to be released on Xuxa's first english album, wich never happened. The song was performed several times on Xuxa's American program.

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Latin Songs | 11 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Ilariê" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Xuxa | |
| from the album  *Xou da Xuxa 3* | |
| Released | 1988 |
| Genre | Latin pop, children's song |
| Label | Som Livre |
| Songwriter(s) | Cid Guerreiro, Dito, Ceinha |
| Producer(s) | Michael Sullivan |
| Xuxa singles chronology | |
| "Estrela-Guia"
(1987) "**Ilariê**"
(1988) "Brincar de Índio"
(1988) | |


title: Forest Forge

abstract: Forest Forge is a British touring theatre companies based in the New Forest, England. Founded in 1981, the company is known for touring to rural and village communities. The company was shortlisted for The Stage Award for Special Achievement in Regional Theatre in 2005.

text:
# Forest Forge

**Forest Forge** is a British touring theatre companies based in the New Forest, England. Founded in 1981, the company is known for touring to rural and village communities.

The company was shortlisted for *The Stage* Award for Special Achievement in Regional Theatre in 2005.

1. "About Forest Forge". Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
2. "At the Hop". The Stage. 5 December 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
3. "Forest Forge's Aita leaves to become lecturer". The Stage. 5 September 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
4. "Regional theatre champions shortlisted for Stage honour". The Stage. 18 October 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2019.


title: Onida Subdivision

abstract: The Onida Subdivision is a branch line railway segment owned, maintained and operated by the Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad (RCPE), a subsidiary of Genesee & Wyoming. It connects the city of Onida to the company's east–west main line, the Pierre Subdivision at Blunt, South Dakota. The line is approximately 17 miles (27 km) in length. Under Chicago and North Western management the line was known as the Gettysburg Subdivision, extending a distance of 40.3 miles (64.9 km) between Blunt and Gettysburg.

text:
# Onida Subdivision

| Rapid City, Pierre<br>and Eastern Railroad |
| --- |
|  |
| Onida Subdivision |
|  |

The **Onida Subdivision** is a branch line railway segment owned, maintained and operated by the Rapid City, Pierre and Eastern Railroad (RCPE), a subsidiary of Genesee & Wyoming. It connects the city of Onida to the company's east–west main line, the Pierre Subdivision at Blunt, South Dakota. The line is approximately 17 miles (27 km) in length.

Under Chicago and North Western management the line was known as the **Gettysburg Subdivision**, extending a distance of 40.3 miles (64.9 km) between Blunt and Gettysburg.

1. Chicago and North Western Transportation Company System Timetable No. 3, August 1, 1977. page 3.


abstract: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1923 to 1926. Half of its members were elected at the 13 December 1919 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1920 and finishing on 30 June 1926; the other half were elected at the 16 December 1922 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1923 and finishing on 30 June 1929. This period was marked by the number of casual vacancies and the filling of these vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate. Because the 1925 election was a half senate election, each state would ordinarily elect 3 senators. NSW however had 2 additional vacancies as a result of the death of 2 senators with terms ending in 1929. The first three elected, Cox, Duncan and Massy-Greene won the full term from 1 July 1926 to 30 June 1932, while the next two elected Abbott and Thomas won the long vacancies finishing on 30 June 1929. Massy-Greene who had been appointed to fill one of the vacancies in 1923 ceased to be a senator between 14 November 1925 and the start of his new term on 1 July 1926. Victoria had 1 additional vacancy, a short vacancy with the term ending in 1926. Plain was the third senator elected and thus won both the short vacancy ending on 30 June 1926 and the full term from 1 July 1926 to 30 June 1932.

text:
# Members of the Australian Senate, 1923–1926

> **Senate composition at 1 July 1923**
> **Government (25)** \- (7 seat majority)
> Nationalist (24)
> FSA/Country Party (1)
> **Opposition (11)**
> Labor (11)
> Changes in composition

This is a list of **members of the Australian Senate** from 1923 to 1926. Half of its members were elected at the 13 December 1919 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1920 and finishing on 30 June 1926; the other half were elected at the 16 December 1922 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1923 and finishing on 30 June 1929.

This period was marked by the number of casual vacancies and the filling of these vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate. Because the 1925 election was a half senate election, each state would ordinarily elect 3 senators. NSW however had 2 additional vacancies as a result of the death of 2 senators with terms ending in 1929. The first three elected, Cox, Duncan and Massy-Greene won the full term from 1 July 1926 to 30 June 1932, while the next two elected Abbott and Thomas won the long vacancies finishing on 30 June 1929. Massy-Greene who had been appointed to fill one of the vacancies in 1923 ceased to be a senator between 14 November 1925 and the start of his new term on 1 July 1926. Victoria had 1 additional vacancy, a short vacancy with the term ending in 1926. Plain was the third senator elected and thus won both the short vacancy ending on 30 June 1926 and the full term from 1 July 1926 to 30 June 1932.

| Senator | Party | | State | Term ending | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Percy Abbott |  | Nationalist | New South Wales | 1929 | 1925–1929 |
| David Andrew |  | Country | Victoria | 1929 | 1925–1928 |
| Thomas Bakhap |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1929 | 1913–1923 |
| Stephen Barker |  | Labor | Victoria | 1929 | 1910–1920, 1923–1924 |
| John Barnes |  | Labor | Victoria | 1929 | 1913–1920, 1923–1935 |
| Henry Barwell |  | Nationalist | South Australia | 1928 | 1925–1928 |
| Benjamin Benny |  | Nationalist | South Australia | 1926 | 1920–1926 |
| Charles Cox |  | Nationalist | New South Wales | 1926 | 1920–1938 |
| Thomas Crawford |  | Nationalist | Queensland | 1929 | 1917–1947 |
| Edmund Drake-Brockman |  | Nationalist | Western Australia | 1926 | 1920–1926 |
| Walter Duncan |  | Nationalist | New South Wales | 1926 | 1920–1931 |
| Harold Elliott |  | Nationalist | Victoria | 1926 | 1920–1931 |
| Edward Findley |  | Labor | Victoria | 1929 | 1904–1917, 1923–1929 |
| Harry Foll |  | Nationalist | Queensland | 1929 | 1917–1947 |
| George Foster |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1926 | 1920–1925 |
| Albert Gardiner |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1926 | 1910–1926, 1928 |
| William Gibbs |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1925 | 1925 |
| Thomas Givens |  | Nationalist | Queensland | 1926 | 1904–1928 |
| William Glasgow |  | Nationalist | Queensland | 1926 | 1920–1932 |
| Charles Graham |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1929 | 1923–1929 |
| Charles Grant |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1925 | 1925, 1932–1941 |
| John Grant |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1929 | 1914–1920, 1923–1928 |
| James Guthrie |  | Nationalist | Victoria | 1926 | 1920–1938 |
| Joseph Hannan |  | Labor | Victoria | 1925 | 1924–1925 |
| John Hayes |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1929 | 1923–1947 |
| Herbert Hays |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1925, 1929 | 1923–1947 |
| Bert Hoare |  | Labor | South Australia | 1929 | 1922–1935 |
| Walter Kingsmill |  | Nationalist | Western Australia | 1929 | 1923–1935 |
| Patrick Lynch |  | Nationalist | Western Australia | 1926 | 1907–1938 |
| Walter Massy-Greene |  | Nationalist | New South Wales | 1925, 1932 | 1923–1925, 1926–1938 |
| Allan McDougall |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1929 | 1910–1920, 1922–1924 |
| Charles McHugh |  | Labor | South Australia | 1929 | 1923–1927 |
| Alexander McLachlan |  | Nationalist | South Australia | 1926 | 1926–1944 |
| Edward Millen |  | Nationalist | New South Wales | 1929 | 1901–1923 |
| John Millen |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1926 | 1920–1938 |
| Ted Needham |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1929 | 1907–1920, 1923–1929 |
| John Newlands |  | Nationalist | South Australia | 1926 | 1913–1932 |
| James Ogden |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1929 | 1923–1932 |
| James O'Loghlin |  | Labor | South Australia | 1929 | ~~1907~~, 1913–1920, 1923–1925 |
| Herbert Payne |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1926 | 1920–1938 |
| George Pearce |  | Nationalist | Western Australia | 1926 | 1901–1938 |
| William Plain |  | Nationalist | Victoria | 1925, 1932 | 1917–1923, 1925–1938 |
| Jack Power |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1925 | 1924–1925 |
| Matthew Reid |  | Nationalist | Queensland | 1929 | 1917–1935 |
| Edward Russell |  | Nationalist | Victoria | 1926 | 1907–1925 |
| Burford Sampson |  | Nationalist | Tasmania | 1926 | 1925–1938, 1941–1947 |
| Josiah Thomas |  | Nationalist | New South Wales | 1929 | 1917–1923, 1925–1929 |
| William Thompson |  | Nationalist | Queensland | 1926 | 1922–1932 |
| Victor Wilson |  | FSA/Country | South Australia | 1926 | 1920–1926 |

1. Nationalist senator Edward Millen died on 14 September 1923; Nationalist Walter Massy-Greene was appointed on 18 December to replace him until the 14 November 1925 election. Massy-Greene won the third vacancy for the term from 1 July 1926 to 30 June 1932 while Percy Abbott was elected to fill the fifth vacancy, being the remainder of Millen's term finishing in 1929.
2. Labor senator Stephen Barker died on 21 June 1924; on 18 December Labor Joseph Hannan was appointed to replace him until the 14 November 1925 election, when he was defeated by Country Party candidate David Andrew for the remainder of the term finishing on 30 June 1929.
3. Nationalist senator Thomas Bakhap died on 18 August 1923; on 18 December Nationalist Herbert Hays was appointed to replace him until the 14 November 1925 election, when he was re-elected to a term finishing on 30 June 1929.
4. Labor Senator James O'Loghlin died on 4 December 1925; Nationalist Henry Barwell was appointed to replace him on 18 December. Barwell resigned on 22 March 1928 to become South Australian Agent-General to London; Nationalist Albert Robinson was appointed on 18 April to replace him until the November 1928 election. Robinson did not stand for re-election in 1928 and the vacancy was won by Labor candidate Mick O'Halloran.
5. Appointed to a casual vacancy and only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.
6. Nationalist Senator Benjamin Benny resigned on 26 January 1926; Nationalist Alexander McLachlan was appointed to replace him on 24 February.
7. Nationalist senator George Foster resigned on 30 June 1925; Nationalist Charles Grant was appointed on 29 July to replace him until the 14 November 1925 election, when he lost the seat to fellow Nationalist Burford Sampson.
8. Labor senator Allan McDougall died on 14 October 1924; Labor Jack Power was appointed on 20 November to replace him, but he died on 13 January 1925. William Gibbs was appointed on 1 April 1925 to replace him until the 14 November 1925 election, when he retired from politics. Josiah Thomas was elected to fill the fourth vacancy, being the remainder of McDougall's term finishing in 1929.
9. Father of the Senate
10. Nationalist senator Edward Russell died on 18 July 1925; Nationalist William Plain was appointed on 25 August to replace him until the 14 November 1925 election, when he was re-elected for a term finishing on 30 June 1932.
1. "The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate 1923". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
2. Evans, H. "Filling Casual Vacancies before 1977" (PDF). *The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate, Volume 3*. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
3. Psephos Adam Carr's Election Archive, Senate 1925 NSW. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
4. Psephos Adam Carr's Election Archive, Senate 1925 Vic. Retrieved 17 March 2017.


title: Melissa Rippon

abstract: Melissa Alison Rippon is an Australian former water polo player. She played for the Brisbane Barracudas who compete in the National Water Polo League. She represented Australia in water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics and at the 2012 Summer Olympics winning bronze medals at both of the latter two. She has earned a bronze medal at the 2010 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup.

text:
# Melissa Rippon

**Melissa Alison Rippon** (born 20 January 1981) is an Australian former water polo player. She played for the Brisbane Barracudas who compete in the National Water Polo League. She represented Australia in water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics and at the 2012 Summer Olympics winning bronze medals at both of the latter two. She has earned a bronze medal at the 2010 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup.

## Personal life

Rippon was born on 20 January 1981 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. She is 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) and weighs 70 kilograms (150 lb). She has a sister, Rebecca Rippon, and a step-sister, Kate Gynther, who also represented Australia in water polo. Her mother died in 2000 as a result of breast cancer. She was able to spend additional time with her mother because she did not compete at the 2000 Summer Olympics as a result of an injury. Her father remarried in 2002, which is when Gynther became her step-sister. She and Gynther became inseparable and have remained that way since their parents became married. As a member of the junior national team, she sat in the front row with her father and watched Australia win the first women's gold medal in water polo at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In 2002, she moved to Brisbane. Her father moved to the area in 2003 and she and Gynther lived with their parents in Oxley, Queensland.

## Water polo

Rippon started playing water polo because her sister played the sport, and had a scholarship with the Queensland Academy of Sport in 2002. In 2006, she had an injury that mean she was unable to compete internationally for a while. In 2017 Melissa was awarded the inaugural Inclusive Coach Award from ACON Pride in Sport / Pride in Diversity Australia for her involvement with the Brisbane Tritons, Queensland's first LGBTIQ and Inclusive Water Polo club. This award was shared with fellow coach and Brisbane Barracudas senior player Damien Hicks

### Club water polo

Rippon plays club water polo for the Brisbane Barracudas who compete in the National Water Polo League. She was with the team in 2008 and 2011. The annual match between Breakers and Barracudas is one the Courier Mail considers a grudge match. She participated in the 2008 edition with her team. She was with the team for the 2012 season. In 2000, she injured her wrist and this injury made it impossible for her to make the national squad that competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics, In 2008, she competed in the Women's International Series. though she was a member of the training squad.

### Olympics

Rippon was a member of the Australia women's national water polo team that finished fourth at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She was a member of the Australia women's national water polo team that won a bronze medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Her team ended up in the bronze medal match after losing 8–9 to the United States in the semi-finals and playing against Hungary for the bronze. Earlier in the Olympics, her team had tied the Hungarians. She survived the first cut for the national team that would compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and was chosen as a member of the Olympic training team. The team of seventeen players will be cut to thirteen before the team departs for the Olympic games, with the announcement being made on 13 June. Prior to Rebecca Rippon being cut from the 2012 Olympic squad, sisters Kate Gynther, Melissa Rippon and Rebecca Rippon had hoped to become the first set of Australian siblings to all compete at three consecutive Olympic Games.

### Other national team appearances

Rippon represented Australia at the 2005 World Championships held in Canada. She scored a goal in Australia's 9–2 semi-final win over the Netherlands. In 2005, she was part of the side that won a bronze medal at the FINA World League Super Finals in Kirishi, Russia. She was a member of the Australian side that finished first at the 2006 FINA Water Polo World Cup. That year, she also won a gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. In 2007, she was the team captain going into an Olympic year. In 2007, she was a member of the Australian side that finished second at the FINA Water Polo World Championships where she was the team's captain. She played in the December 2007 series against New Zealand where Australian won the first two tests 18–1 and 17–1. In the second match in series, she was kicked by an opposing player and sat out the third game of the series. She was part of Australia's Oceania Olympic qualification campaign in 2008. In an 18–1 victory over New Zealand during the qualifiers, she scored a goal. She competed in a 13 August 2008 7–7 draw against Hungary. With sixteen seconds left in the game, she was excluded from further participation. At the time she left, Australia was ahead but Hungary went on to tie the match. She was named to the team that competed in 2008 at the FINA world league preliminary round in Tianjin, China. In a 2008 Asia-Oceania qualifier against China for the World League Super Finals, she played in the 11–9 win that went to a penalty shoot out. In the match, she scored a goal for Australia. In 2009, she was the team captain. In August 2010, Rippon competed for the national team at the 10th Anniversary Tournament at Sydney Olympic Park. In the preliminaries, she competed in the team's 10–8 win over the United States. She scored the go-ahead goal. The game was her 212th for the senior squad. In 2010, she was a member of the Stingers squad that competed at the FINA World Cup in Christchurch, New Zealand. In the team's finals 10–8 victory over the United States, she scored a goal. In April 2011, she attended a training camp at the Australian Institute of Sport where the coach was "selecting a team for the major championships over winter." In 2011, she was one of five Queensland women to compete for the Australian Stingers in the FINA World League competition held in Auckland, New Zealand. In July 2011, she was a member of the Australian Stingers that competed in the 2011 FINA World Championships in Shanghai as a field player. In preparation for this tournament, she attended a team training camp in Perth, Western Australia. She competed in the Pan Pacific Championships in January 2012 for the Australian Stingers. She was part of the Stingers squad that competed in a five-game test against Great Britain at the AIS in late February 2012. This was the team's first matches against Great Britain's national team in six years. In the first game of the test series on 21 February 2012 that Australia won 13 – 5, she scored one goal. She represented Australia at the 2012 Olympics winning a bronze medal.

## InfoBox

Melissa Rippon
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Melissa Alison Rippon |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Born | (1981-01-20) 20 January 1981 |
| Height | 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) (2008) |
| Weight | 70 kg (154 lb) (2008) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Australia |
| Sport | Water polo |
| Event | Women's team |
| Medal record      Women's water polo  Representing  Australia  Olympic Games  2008 Beijing Team competition  2012 London Team competition  FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup  2010 Christchurch Team competition | |


title: Tommy Walz

abstract: Tommy J. Walz is an American politician in the state of Vermont. He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives, sitting as a Democrat from the Washington-3 district, having been first elected in 2014.

text:
# Tommy Walz

**Tommy J. Walz** (born September 22, 1945) is an American politician in the state of Vermont. He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives, sitting as a Democrat from the Washington-3 district, having been first elected in 2014.

## InfoBox

| Tommy Walz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Vermont House of Representatives
from the Washington-3 district | |
| **In office**
2015–2023 | |
| Succeeded by | Jonathan Williams |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-09-22) September 22, 1945
Bangor, Maine, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence(s) | Barre City, Vermont, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Bowdoin College |
| Profession | teacher, educator |
|  | |


title: Tom Tyrrell

abstract: Thomas William Tyrrell was an Australian rugby league player. A Fairfield C.Y.O. recruit, Tyrrell broke into Balmain's first-grade side in 1950 and the following year made his interstate debut for NSW as a second-rower. He represented Australia against New Zealand at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 1952 and subsequently won a place on the squad for the 1952–53 tour of Great Britain, where he replaced Ferris Ashton in the side for the 2nd Test at Manchester's Station Road. After captaining Balmain for much of the 1953 NSWRFL season, Tyrrell's career was stalled by a serious knee ligament injury.

text:
# Tom Tyrrell

**Thomas William Tyrrell** (31 October 1927 – 25 October 2008) was an Australian rugby league player.

A Fairfield C.Y.O. recruit, Tyrrell broke into Balmain's first-grade side in 1950 and the following year made his interstate debut for NSW as a second-rower. He represented Australia against New Zealand at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 1952 and subsequently won a place on the squad for the 1952–53 tour of Great Britain, where he replaced Ferris Ashton in the side for the 2nd Test at Manchester's Station Road. After captaining Balmain for much of the 1953 NSWRFL season, Tyrrell's career was stalled by a serious knee ligament injury.

## InfoBox

Tom Tyrrell
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas William Tyrrell |
| Born | (1927-10-31)31 October 1927 |
| Died | 25 October 2008(2008-10-25) (aged 80) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Second-row |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1950–54 Balmain Tigers 52 6 0 0 18  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1951–52 New South Wales 2 1 0 0 3  1952 Australia 2 0 0 0 0 | |


title: Tom Uglys Bridge

abstract: Tom Uglys Bridge are two road bridges, completed in 1929 and 1987, that carry the Princes Highway across the Georges River in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The bridges link the St George area at Blakehurst to the Sutherland Shire at Sylvania. Tom Uglys Bridge is one of six major road crossings of Georges River. The 1929 Pratt truss bridge is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register and carries three lanes of northbound vehicular traffic on the Princes Highway. The 1987 concrete box girder bridge was built to the east of the older bridge and carries the three southbound lanes of the highway. Both bridges have shared bicycle and pedestrian pathways.

text:
# Tom Uglys Bridge

**Tom Uglys Bridge** are two road bridges, completed in 1929 and 1987, that carry the Princes Highway  across the Georges River in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The bridges link the St George area at Blakehurst to the Sutherland Shire at Sylvania. Tom Uglys Bridge is one of six major road crossings of Georges River.

The 1929 Pratt truss bridge is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register and carries three lanes of northbound vehicular traffic on the Princes Highway. The 1987 concrete box girder bridge was built to the east of the older bridge and carries the three southbound lanes of the highway. Both bridges have shared bicycle and pedestrian pathways.

## Tom Uglys Point ferries

Tenders were called to construct a punt for Tom Ugly's Point in 1864. A hand-operated punt service from Tom Ugly's Point to Horse Rock Point commenced. The ferry service was improved and expanded over the years. In 1882 a steam-driven ferry, guided by steel cables, was installed. It crossed the river in less than ten minutes. The punt was 16 metres (54 ft) long, had a 3.4-metre (11 ft) wide roadway, and was capable of carrying six horse-drawn vehicles. By 1898 a larger steam-driven ferry began operation. It was capable of carrying one hundred passengers and fifteen vehicles. A new punt capable of carrying 28 vehicles and making the crossing in three minutes was installed in 1922. By 1929 there were two cable ferries operating, and delays of several hours were experienced on weekends and public holidays.

## Description

### 1929 bridge

Following a long campaign by local councils and motoring authorities, a New South Wales Government loan to Sutherland Shire Council was used to finance the replacement of one of the punt services across the Georges River. The Bill for the building of a bridge across the Georges River was introduced into New South Wales Parliament in 1923, and the foundation stone for the bridge was laid on 7 June 1924. The funds borrowed by Sutherland Shire Council were to be repaid by a bridge toll once it was opened. As use of the punt was free the bridge toll was controversial. The crossing was first opened for traffic on 26 April 1929, and officially opened by the Governor of New South Wales on 11 May 1929. It was known as the "George's River Bridge".

The 1929 bridge consists of nine steel truss spans forming a total length of 499 metres (1,637 ft); six spans were 69.5 metres (228 ft) and three spans were 27.4 metres (90 ft). The bridge was designed by Percy Allan who designed many bridges in New South Wales including the Pyrmont Bridge. When the bridge was opened it was the longest bridge in Australia.

The toll was collected on the Sylvania side of the bridge by toll collectors who stood on the road. On 31 May 1952 the tolls were removed when the Council had repaid the loan to the NSW Government.

In the late 1940s the lanes on the bridge were reconfigured to provide a third lane, and this allow the introduction of a tidal flow system (northbound in the morning and southbound in the evening), which continued until the second bridge was opened. Notwithstanding the creation of the third lane, by the mid 1960s congestion had grown to a significant level, especially on summer weekend afternoons. However it was not for another twenty years that funding was allocated by the New South Wales government for the design and construction of a duplicate bridge.

In 2006, the 1929 steel truss bridge was repainted. The original lead paint was removed using a blasting process and an air extraction system was employed to safely remove airborne particles, protecting the environment as well as the workers.

### The 1987 bridge

The second bridge, which opened on 17 October 1987, also comprises nine spans (in order to place the piers in line with those of the first bridge) of three identical steel box girders, composite with a cast-in-place reinforced concrete deck; the major spans are 70 metres (230 ft) in length with end spans of 50 metres (160 ft).

The new bridge was designed to carry four lanes of traffic. During repair work on the 1929 bridge, when it was temporarily closed to traffic, the 1987 bridge was configured both for one lane northbound and three lanes southbound.

### Features of both bridges

Most duplicate bridges are close together (like the dual bridges at Ryde) and parallel, allowing the form of the road approaches to continue. However, at Tom Uglys Point, the two bridges are not parallel. They are less than 5 metres (16 ft) apart at the northern end, but about 62 metres (203 ft) apart at the southern end. This avoids replication of the pair of tight curves on the southern approach to the 1929 bridge on the southern exit from the second bridge.

On the southern side, between the two bridges, is a boat ramp, accessible from the northbound bridge approach. On the northern side a loop road allows drivers travelling south along the Princes Highway (A1) to avoid the bridge and return northwards along the highway.

## Etymology

Tom Uglys Bridge took its name from the geographical feature at the northern end of the bridge, known as Tom Uglys Point. The point was known as Tom Uglys Point over 80 years prior to the construction of the bridge. At various times the bridge is incorrectly transcribed as **Tom Ugly's Bridge**.

There are several theories about the origin of the name of the point.

* One is that it was named after a local resident Tom Huxley and the name was a mispronunciation by local Aboriginal people. Descendants of Thomas Huxley have concluded that he lived and owned land in the area but official records do not exist to verify this.
* Another theory is that it was derived from the name of a local Aboriginal man, Tow-weiry, who lived in the area and died about 1846.
* Another theory is that there was a local fisherman resident in the area by the name of Tom Illigley.
* Yet another is that there was a one-legged man, possibly an army deserter or a boat operator, called either "Tom Woggleg" or "Wogul Leg Tom", either because of a mispronunciation of wooden leg, or from the local Aboriginal dialect word for "one".

The name was officially adopted to distinguish between the various subsequent bridges across Georges River, after the opening of the Captain Cook Bridge in 1965 and the Alfords Point Bridge in 1973.

## Further reading

* Salt, Daphne (1987). *Gateway to the South: First stop Sylvania*. Daphne Salt.

## InfoBox

| Tom Uglys Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| The Pratt truss spans of the 1929 Tom Uglys Bridge, as viewed from the north | |
| Coordinates | 34°00′12″S 151°06′48″E / 34.00336111°S 151.1133778°E / -34.00336111; 151.1133778 |
| Carries | Princes Highway |
| Crosses | Georges River |
| Locale | Southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Begins | Blakehurst, St George (north) |
| Ends | Sylvania, Sutherland (south) |
| Owner | Transport for NSW |
| Heritage status | 1. NSW Heritage Register 2. *not listed* |
| Preceded by | Alfords Point Bridge |
| Followed by | Captain Cook Bridge |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | 1. Pratt truss bridge 2. Box girder |
| Material | 1. Steel 2. Concrete |
| Total length | 1. 499 m (1,637 ft) 2. 570 m (1,870 ft) |
| Longest span | 1. 69.5 m (228 ft) 2. 70 m (230 ft) |
| No. of spans | 1. 9 2. 9 |
| No. of lanes | 6 |
| History | |
| Designer | 1. Percy Allan 2. *unknown* |
| Constructed by | 1. State Monier Works 2. *Citra Constructions* |
| Fabrication by | 1. Lindapter International 2. *Citra MED (Homebush)* |
| Construction start | 1. February 1925 2. *unknown* |
| Construction end | 1. 26 April 1929 (1929-04-26) 2. 17 October 1987 (1987-10-17) |
| Opened | 1. 11 May 1929 (1929-05-11) 2. 17 October 1987 (1987-10-17) |
| Replaces | Tom Ugly's Punt |
| Statistics | |
| Toll | 1. 1929–1952 2. *no toll* |
| Location | |
|  | |
| References | |
|  | |


title: Melrose, Queensland

abstract: Melrose is a rural locality in the South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Melrose had a population of 39 people.

text:
# Melrose, Queensland

**Melrose** is a rural locality in the South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Melrose had a population of 39 people.

## Geography

The Cushnie State Forest is in the north-east of the locality. Apart from that, the land use is grazing on native vegetation.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census Melrose had a population of 0 people.

In the 2021 census, Melrose had a population of 39 people.

## InfoBox

| Melrose
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Melrose | |
| Coordinates | 26°15′39″S 151°37′34″E / 26.2608°S 151.6261°E / -26.2608; 151.6261 (Melrose (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 39 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 0.2351/km2 (0.609/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4613 |
| Area | 165.9 km2 (64.1 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| LGA(s) | South Burnett Region |
| State electorate(s) | Nanango |
| Federal division(s) | Flynn |
| **Suburbs around Melrose:**  Proston Kinleymore Mount McEuen  Okeden Melrose Mp Creek  Coverty Ballogie
Wilkesdale Cushnie | |


title: Tomopterus basimaculatus

abstract: Tomopterus basimaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1964.

text:
# Tomopterus basimaculatus

***Tomopterus basimaculatus***  is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1964.

## InfoBox

| *Tomopterus basimaculatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Tomopterus*** |
| Species: | ***T. basimaculatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tomopterus basimaculatus***<br>Zajciw, 1964 | |
|


title: Gabriel Campillo

abstract: Gabriel Campillo is a Spanish former professional boxer who competed from 2002 to 2015, and held the WBA light-heavyweight title from 2009 to 2010.

text:
# Gabriel Campillo

**Gabriel Campillo** (born 19 December 1978) is a Spanish former professional boxer who competed from 2002 to 2015, and held the WBA light-heavyweight title from 2009 to 2010.

## Professional career

Campillo made his professional debut on 2 February 2002, which ended in a four-round no contest against David Hernandez. On 20 September 2008, Campillo fought for the European super-middleweight title, but lost a twelve-round majority decision to Karo Murat. In his next fight, on 8 March 2009, Campillo won his first major regional championship by scoring a unanimous decision over then-reigning European Union super-middleweight champion Lolenga Mock.

On 20 June 2009, Campillo moved up to light-heavyweight and won the WBA title with a majority decision over Hugo Garay. Campillo defended the title on 15 August 2009 against Beibut Shumenov, scoring another majority decision. In their subsequent rematch, Campillo lost his title to Shumenov via split decision, in a result that was described as controversial by ringside observers. Further bad luck with judges' scorecards would continue for Campillo when he faced IBF light-heavyweight champion Tavoris Cloud on 18 February 2012, losing a split decision. Despite suffering two knockdowns in the first round, Campillo got up to win most of the rest of the rounds in the eyes of many ringside observers.

In his last series of fights, Campillo suffered numerous knockout losses to Sergey Kovalev, Andrzej Fonfara, Artur Beterbiev, and Marcus Browne.

## Professional boxing record

| 34 fights | 25 wins | 8 losses |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 12 | 5 |
| By decision | 13 | 3 |
| Draws | 1 | |

| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 34 | Loss | 25–8–1 | Marcus Browne | KO | 1 (10), 0:55 | 12 Sep 2015 | Foxwoods Resort Casino, Ledyard, Connecticut, US |  |
| 33 | Loss | 25–7–1 | Artur Beterbiev | KO | 4 (12), 0:37 | 4 Apr 2015 | Colisée Pepsi, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada | For IBF North American light-heavyweight title |
| 32 | Win | 25–6–1 | Mirzet Bajrektarevic | TKO | 7 (8) | 12 Dec 2014 | Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain |  |
| 31 | Win | 24–6–1 | Thomas Williams Jr. | RTD | 5 (12), 3:00 | 1 Aug 2014 | Little Creek Casino Resort, Shelton, Washington, US | Won WBONABO light-heavyweight title |
| 30 | Win | 23–6–1 | Ricky Dennis Pow | TKO | 7 (10) | 9 May 2014 | Gran Canaria Arena, Las Palmas, Spain |  |
| 29 | Loss | 22–6–1 | Andrzej Fonfara | KO | 9 (12), 1:37 | 16 Aug 2013 | US Cellular Field, Chicago, Illinois, US |  |
| 28 | Win | 22–5–1 | Ionut Trandafir Ilie | TKO | 2 (8) | 14 Jun 2013 | Polideportivo Municipal, Sedaví, Spain |  |
| 27 | Loss | 21–5–1 | Sergey Kovalev | TKO | 3 (10), 1:30 | 19 Jan 2013 | Mohegan Sun Arena, Montville, Connecticut, US |  |
| 26 | Loss | 21–4–1 | Tavoris Cloud | SD | 12 | 18 Feb 2012 | American Bank Center, Corpus Christi, Texas, US | For IBF light-heavyweight title |
| 25 | Draw | 21–3–1 | Karo Murat | SD | 12 | 1 Oct 2011 | Jahnsportforum, Neubrandenburg, Germany | For IBF Inter-Continental light-heavyweight title |
| 24 | Win | 21–3 | Sergey Beloshapkin | TKO | 5 (8) | 15 Apr 2011 | La Cubierta, Leganés, Spain |  |
| 23 | Win | 20–3 | Luzimar Gonzaga | KO | 1 (8) | 15 May 2010 | La Cubierta, Leganés, Spain |  |
| 22 | Loss | 19–3 | Beibut Shumenov | SD | 12 | 29 Jan 2010 | The Joint, Paradise, Nevada, US | Lost WBA light-heavyweight Title;
For IBA light-heavyweight title |
| 21 | Win | 19–2 | Beibut Shumenov | MD | 12 | 15 Aug 2009 | Daulet National Tennis Centre, Astana, Kazakhstan | Retained WBA light-heavyweight title |
| 20 | Win | 18–2 | Hugo Hernán Garay | MD | 12 | 20 Jun 2009 | Hogar de los Tigres, Sunchales, Argentina | Won WBA light-heavyweight title |
| 19 | Win | 17–2 | Lolenga Mock | UD | 12 | 8 Mar 2009 | Holmegårdsskolen, Kokkedal, Denmark | Won European Union super-middleweight title |
| 18 | Loss | 16–2 | Karo Murat | MD | 12 | 20 Sep 2008 | Seidensticker Halle, Bielefeld, Germany | For European super-middleweight title |
| 17 | Win | 16–1 | Roberto Santos | PTS | 8 | 31 May 2008 | Polideportivo Municipal Dehesa Boyal, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain |  |
| 16 | Win | 15–1 | Sergey Kharchenko | PTS | 6 | 18 Apr 2008 | Casal Cultural i Recreatiu, Castellbisbal, Spain |  |
| 15 | Win | 14–1 | Israel Carrillo | UD | 6 | 8 Mar 2008 | Polideportivo Sage2000, Madrid, Spain |  |
| 14 | Win | 13–1 | Pavel Florian Madalin | TKO | 3 (6) | 2 Feb 2008 | Polideportivo Sage2000, Madrid, Spain |  |
| 13 | Loss | 12–1 | Vyacheslav Uzelkov | KO | 6 (12) | 13 Sep 2007 | Palace of Sports, Kyiv, Ukraine | For vacant WBA Inter-Continental light-heavyweight title |
| 12 | Win | 12–0 | Juan Nelongo | TKO | 5 (10) | 19 May 2007 | Gimnasio del Rayo Vallecano, Madrid, Spain | Retained Spanish light-heavyweight title |
| 11 | Win | 11–0 | Fernando Fernandes | TKO | 3 (6) | 30 Mar 2007 | Polideportivo Municipal, Catral, Spain |  |
| 10 | Win | 10–0 | Juan Nelongo | UD | 10 | 3 Dec 2005 | Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain | Won Spanish light-heavyweight title |
| 9 | Win | 9–0 | Oliver Tchinda | PTS | 6 | 17 Sep 2005 | Madrid, Spain |  |
| 8 | Win | 8–0 | Igor Lazarenko | TKO | 5 (6) | 11 Dec 2004 | Móstoles, Spain |  |
| 7 | Win | 7–0 | Florin Chidici | PTS | 4 | 19 Jun 2004 | Plaza de Toros, Móstoles, Spain |  |
| 6 | Win | 6–0 | Igor Lusakano | PTS | 4 | 25 Apr 2004 | Club Deportivo Barceló, Madrid, Spain |  |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Alexander Beroshvili | PTS | 4 | 13 Feb 2004 | Polideportivo de Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain |  |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Yarali Yaraliev | PTS | 4 | 6 Nov 2003 | Polideportivo de Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain |  |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Roman Merenkov | TKO | 3 (4) | 7 Jun 2003 | Pueblo Español, Palma, Spain |  |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | Arturas Margis | PTS | 4 | 14 Mar 2003 | Polideportivo Huerta del Rey, Valladolid, Spain |  |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Arturas Margis | RTD | 3 (4), 3:00 | 4 Oct 2002 | Guadalajara, Spain |  |

## InfoBox

| Gabriel Campillo | |
| --- | --- |
| Campillo (right) vs. Shumenov, 2010 | |
| Born | (1978-12-19) 19 December 1978
Madrid, Spain |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Other names | *Chico Guapo*
("The Handsome Guy") |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) |  |
| Stance | Southpaw |
|  | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 34 |
| Wins | 25 |
| Wins by KO | 12 |
| Losses | 8 |
| Draws | 1 |
|  | |


title: Tomas Ó Mellaig

abstract: Tomas Ó Mellaig, Bishop of Annaghdown, died after 27 May 1250. Ó Mellaig was a native of what is now County Galway, where his surname is now rendered Melia. He was a kinsman of the first bishop, Conn Ua Mellaig, though their exact relationship is unknown. He was consecrated about 1242 but it is not clear if he ever physically occupied the see, as he acted as a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln in 1246. According to Moody, he may have been deprived of the bishopric on 28 May 1247. He is believed to have died after 27 May 1250.

text:
# Tomas Ó Mellaig

**Tomas Ó Mellaig**, Bishop of Annaghdown, died after 27 May 1250.

Ó Mellaig was a native of what is now County Galway, where his surname is now rendered Melia. He was a kinsman of the first bishop, Conn Ua Mellaig, though their exact relationship is unknown.

He was consecrated about 1242 but it is not clear if he ever physically occupied the see, as he acted as a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln in 1246. According to Moody, he may have been deprived of the bishopric on 28 May 1247. He is believed to have died after 27 May 1250.

* *A New History of Ireland: Volume IX - Maps, Genealogies, Lists*, ed. T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin, F.J. Byrne, pp. 322–324.


abstract: Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council who served from 1901 to 1904 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the state election on 3 July 1901 and the state election on 6 August 1904. The President was Sir John Lackey until 23 May 1903 and then Sir Francis Suttor. Non-Labor party affiliations at this time were fluid, and especially in the Legislative Council regarded more as loose labels than genuine parties.

text:
# Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1901–1904

**Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council** who served from 1901 to 1904 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the state election on 3 July 1901 and the state election on 6 August 1904. The President was Sir John Lackey until 23 May 1903 and then Sir Francis Suttor.

Non-Labor party affiliations at this time were fluid, and especially in the Legislative Council regarded more as loose labels than genuine parties.

| Name | Party | | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Benjamin Backhouse |  | Independent | 1895–1904 |
| Reginald Black |  | Liberal Reform | 1900–1928 |
| Richard Bowker |  | Independent | 1888–1903 |
| Alexander Brown |  | Progressive | 1892–1926 |
| Nicholas Buzacott |  | Labour | 1899–1933 |
| William Campbell |  | Progressive | 1890–1906 |
| Samuel Charles | | | 1885–1909 |
| George Cox |  | Liberal Reform | 1863–1901 |
| John Creed | | | 1885–1930 |
| William Cullen | | | 1895–1910 |
| Henry Dangar | | | 1883–1917 |
| George Day |  | Independent | 1889–1906 |
| George Earp |  | Progressive | 1900–1933 |
| Robert Fitzgerald |  | Liberal Reform | 1901–1933 |
| Fred Flowers |  | Labour | 1900–1928 |
| Robert Fowler |  | Liberal Reform | 1895–1906 |
| George Greene | | | 1899–1911 |
| Edward Greville |  | Progressive | 1892–1903 |
| Nicholas Hawken |  | Liberal Reform | 1899–1908 |
| John Hepher |  | Labour | 1899–1932 |
| Louis Heydon |  | Liberal Reform | 1889–1918 |
| William Hill |  | Progressive | 1900–1919 |
| William Holborow |  | Liberal Reform | 1899–1917 |
| John Hughes | | | 1895–1912 |
| Frederick Humphery | | | 1888–1908 |
| Solomon Hyam |  | Progressive | 1892–1901 |
| Richard Jones |  | Liberal Reform | 1899–1909 |
| Henry Kater |  | Independent | 1889–1924 |
| Andrew Kerr |  | Liberal Reform | 1888–1907 |
| Alexander Kethel | | | 1895–1916 |
| Philip King | | | 1880–1904 |
| Sir John Lackey |  | Progressive | 1885–1903 |
| Hugh Langwell |  | Labour | 1900–1902 |
| George Lee |  | Liberal Reform | 1882–1912 |
| William Long |  | Liberal Reform | 1885–1909 |
| John Lucas | | | 1880–1902 |
| John Macintosh |  | Independent | 1882–1911 |
| Kenneth Mackay |  | Progressive | 1899–1934 |
| Charles Mackellar | | | 1885–1903, 1903–1925 |
| Sir Normand MacLaurin |  | Independent | 1889–1914 |
| Sir Samuel McCaughey | | | 1899–1919 |
| John Meagher |  | Progressive | 1900–1920 |
| Alfred Meeks | | | 1900–1932 |
| Henry Moses |  | Liberal Reform | 1885–1923 |
| John Nash |  | Progressive | 1900–1925 |
| James Norton |  | Liberal Reform | 1879–1906 |
| William Pigott | | | 1887–1907 |
| Charles Pilcher | | | 1891–1916 |
| Sir Arthur Renwick | | | 1888–1908 |
| Charles Roberts | | | 1890–1925 |
| Richard Roberts | | | 1882–1903 |
| William Robson |  | Progressive | 1900–1920 |
| Alexander Ross | | | 1900–1912 |
| Alexander Ryrie |  | Independent | 1892–1909 |
| Patrick Shepherd |  | Liberal Reform | 1888–1903 |
| Thomas Slattery |  | Progressive | 1900–1905 |
| Fergus Smith |  | Liberal Reform | 1895–1924 |
| Thomas Smith |  | Progressive | 1892–1902 |
| Henry Stuart |  | Labour | 1900–1910 |
| Sir Francis Suttor |  | Progressive | 1889–1891, 1900–1915 |
| George Thornton |  | Liberal Reform | 1877–1901 |
| John Toohey |  | Progressive | 1892–1903 |
| William Trickett |  | Liberal Reform | 1888–1916 |
| Ebenezer Vickery | | | 1887–1906 |
| William Walker | | | 1888–1908 |
| Jack Want | | | 1894–1905 |
| James Watson | | | 1887–1907 |
| James Wilson |  | Labour | 1899–1925 |
| Bernhard Wise |  | Liberal Reform | 1900–1908 |

1. "Part 3 Members of the Legislative Council" (PDF). *NSW Parliamentary Record*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
2. "Robert George Dundas Fitzgerald (606)". *Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales*. 17 July 1901. p. 5591. Retrieved 29 August 2021  via Trove.
3. "Charles Kinnaird Mackellar appointed to the Legislative Council (615)". *Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales*. 26 November 1903. p. 8683. Retrieved 29 August 2021  via Trove.
4. "Part 10 Officers of the Parliament" (PDF). *NSW Parliamentary Record*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 26 November 2020.


abstract: Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council who served from 1917 to 1920 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the election on 24 March 1917 and the election on 20 March 1920. The President was Fred Flowers.

text:
# Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1917–1920

**Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council** who served from 1917 to 1920 were appointed for life by the Governor on the advice of the Premier. This list includes members between the election on 24 March 1917 and the election on 20 March 1920. The President was Fred Flowers.

| Name | Party | | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| James Ashton |  | Nationalist | 1907–1934 |
| Joseph Beeston | | | 1908–1921 |
| George Black | | | 1917–1934 |
| Reginald Black | | | 1900–1928 |
| Henry Braddon | | | 1917–1940 |
| William Brooks | | | 1917–1934 |
| Alexander Brown | | | 1892–1926 |
| Joseph Browne |  | Independent | 1912–1932 |
| Frank Bryant | | | 1912–1934 |
| Sir James Burns |  | Nationalist | 1908–1923 |
| Nicholas Buzacott | | | 1899–1933 |
| Sir Joseph Carruthers | | | 1908–1932 |
| Michael Connington |  | Labor | 1917–1930 |
| John Creed |  | Nationalist | 1885–1930 |
| Henry Dangar | | | 1883–1917 |
| William Dick | | | 1907–1932 |
| Jeffrey Dodd | | | 1917–1925 |
| Henry Doyle |  | Independent | 1912–1929 |
| George Earp |  | Nationalist | 1900–1933 |
| John Farleigh | | | 1908–1934 |
| Ernest Farrar | | | 1912–1952 |
| Jack FitzGerald | | | 1915–1922 |
| Robert Fitzgerald | | | 1901–1933 |
| Fred Flowers |  | Independent Labor | 1900–1928 |
| Edmund Fosbery |  | Nationalist | 1904–1919 |
| James Gannon | | | 1904–1924 |
| John Garland | | | 1908–1921 |
| James Gormly | | | 1904–1922 |
| John Hall | | | 1917–1921 |
| John Hepher |  | Labor | 1899–1932 |
| Louis Heydon |  | Nationalist | 1889–1918 |
| William Hill | | | 1900–1919 |
| William Holborow | | | 1899–1917 |
| Thomas Holden |  | Labor | 1912–1934 |
| Henry Horne |  | Nationalist | 1917–1955 |
| Sir Thomas Hughes | | | 1908–1930 |
| Alfred Hunt | | | 1916–1930 |
| William Hurley | | | 1904–1924 |
| Sydney Innes-Noad | | | 1917–1931 |
| Henry Kater |  | Independent | 1889–1924 |
| Edward Kavanagh |  | Labor | 1912–1934 |
| John Lane Mullins |  | Nationalist | 1917–1934 |
| Kenneth Mackay | | | 1899–1934 |
| Charles Mackellar | | | 1885–1903, 1903–1925 |
| Sir Samuel McCaughey |  | Independent | 1899–1919 |
| James McGowen |  | Independent Labor | 1917–1922 |
| Hugh McIntosh |  | Nationalist | 1917–1932 |
| John Meagher |  | Independent | 1900–1920 |
| Dick Meagher | | | 1917–1920 |
| Alfred Meeks |  | Nationalist | 1900–1932 |
| Henry Moses | | | 1885–1923 |
| John Nash | | | 1900–1925 |
| John Nobbs | | | 1917–1921 |
| Broughton O'Conor | | | 1908–1940 |
| John Peden | | | 1917–1946 |
| Charles Roberts | | | 1890–1925 |
| William Robson | | | 1900–1920 |
| James Ryan | | | 1917–1940 |
| Andrew Sinclair | | | 1912–1934 |
| Fergus Smith | | | 1895–1924 |
| Joynton Smith |  | Independent | 1912–1934 |
| Sir Allen Taylor |  | Nationalist | 1912–1940 |
| Patrick Taylor | | | 1917–1922 |
| John Travers |  | Independent | 1908–1934 |
| Arthur Trethowan |  | Nationalist | 1916–1937 |
| George Varley | | | 1917–1934 |
| Thomas Waddell | | | 1917–1934 |
| Frank Wall | | | 1917–1941 |
| Winter Warden | | | 1917–1934 |
| John Wetherspoon | | | 1908–1928 |
| James White | | | 1908–1927 |
| James Wilson |  | Labor | 1899–1925 |
| Frederick Winchcombe |  | Nationalist | 1907–1917 |
| John Wise | | | 1917–1934 |

1. "Part 3 Members of the Legislative Council" (PDF). *NSW Parliamentary Record*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
2. "Appointments to the Legislative Council". *Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales*. 11 May 1917. p. 2415. Retrieved 7 May 2020  via Trove.
3. "Part 10 Officers of the Parliament" (PDF). *NSW Parliamentary Record*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
4. "The Labor conference". *Singleton Argus*. 30 January 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 14 August 2021  via Trove.
5. "Mr F. H. Bryant, M.L.C." *The Australian Worker*. 1 September 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 8 August 2021  via Trove.
6. "Mr. Travers' reply". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 19 January 1926. p. 11. Retrieved 14 August 2021  via Trove.


title: Melvin Helitzer

abstract: Melvin Helitzer was a professor in the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, where he taught sports publicity, promotion and public relations in the university's graduate school of recreation and sports sciences.

text:
# Melvin Helitzer

**Melvin Helitzer** (October 18, 1924  April 11, 2009) was a professor in the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, where he taught sports publicity, promotion and public relations in the university's graduate school of recreation and sports sciences.

## Biography

A former Madison Avenue advertising agency president, Helitzer left a Clio-award-winning career in 1980 to teach journalism courses, including "Humor Writing for Fun and Profit," at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. That course became so popular that it boasted a sign-up list a year in advance, and each student had to audition to become one of the few selected for each class. Helitzer has written for newspapers, magazines, and commercials; for the award-winning ABC-TV musical comedy, "The Cowboy & The Tiger"; and for such professional entertainers as Sammy Davis Jr., Art Linkletter, and Shari Lewis. Through his college class he has helped launch the careers of numerous students including one who is now working for an off-Broadway playwright and others who have sold material to many professional comedians and national publications.

## Books

Helitzer's published books include:

The Dream Job: Sports Publicity, Promotion and Marketing, 1997

Comedy Techniques for Writers and Performers, 1994

Comedy Writing Secrets - How to Think Funny, Write Funny, Act Funny and Get Paid For It., 1992

Comedy Techniques for Writers and Performers, 1984

## Quotes

"I'd like to introduce a man with a lot of charm, talent, and wit. Unfortunately, he couldn't be here tonight, so instead..."

"I sort of feel like Cindy Crawford's new husband on their wedding night. I know what's expected of me. I'm just not sure I've got the ability to make it interesting."

"Enjoy how sweet, how thoughtful, how kind I'm being on your birthday. Because tomorrow it's back to the same old crap."

"When asked to contribute ten dollars to a lawyer's funeral, I said: "Here's fifty. Bury five of them."

"One thing I can guarantee you. You may not be a great deal wiser from my talk today, but you will be a great deal older."

## InfoBox

| Melvin Helitzer | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Author, Professor |
| Genre | Comedy, Sports Publicity |


title: Tom Hibbert

abstract: Tom Hibbert was an English music journalist and film critic. In the 1980s and 1990s, he was a regular writer for music magazines such as Smash Hits, Q and Mojo, and reviewed films for Empire magazine. He was known for his acerbic writing style and irreverent interviews. While at Q, he created the monthly "Who the Hell …?" interview series. In the mid 1990s, he wrote the "Pendennis" column for the Observer newspaper.

text:
# Tom Hibbert

**Tom Hibbert** (28 May 1952 – 28 August 2011) was an English music journalist and film critic. In the 1980s and 1990s, he was a regular writer for music magazines such as *Smash Hits*,  and *Mojo*, and reviewed films for *Empire* magazine. He was known for his acerbic writing style and irreverent interviews. While at *Q*, he created the monthly "Who the Hell …?" interview series. In the mid 1990s, he wrote the "Pendennis" column for the *Observer* newspaper.

## Childhood and early years

Hibbert was the second of three children born to author and historian Christopher Hibbert and his wife Anne (née Piggford). With his siblings James and Kate, he grew up in Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire. He was the product of a happy home. According to *The Guardian*'s obituary of his father, Christopher Hibbert delighted in "taking his children to appallingly unsuitable films" such as Carry On comedies.

He attended Leighton Park School, a Quaker establishment, in Reading, Berkshire, and a local grammar school. After spending a term at Leeds University, he gave up education and attempted to forge a career as a rock musician before turning to journalism.

## Career

Hibbert first wrote for home improvement publications, in the late 1970s, and then for *New Music News*, a short-lived magazine published by Felix Dennis. Between 1982 and 1984, he contributed to *The History of Rock*.

In 1983, he joined the staff of *Smash Hits*. In the description of his editor, Mark Ellen: "\[Hibbert\] helped invent a cartoon fantasy world in which everyone interviewed seemed to exhibit the same slapstick characteristics. All his subjects – Paul McCartney, David Bowie, Bucks Fizz, John Lydon – were delightfully over-exaggerated, as mischievous and eccentric as their interrogator." This lampooning included renaming well-known musicians based on their character traits, such as "Dame David" for Bowie, "Fab Macca Whacky Thumbs Aloft" for McCartney, "Sir Clifford of Richard" for Cliff Richard, "Lord Frederick Lucan of Mercury" for Freddie Mercury, and "Horrible Headband" for Mark Knopfler. Hibbert later said: "It sounds like I'm blowing my own trumpet but yes, I did \[invent *Smash Hits* lingo\]. Before I got there in 1983 there was none of that." He also contributed under the pseudonym "Black Type", writing enigmatic replies on the magazine's letters page.

The success of *Smash Hits* encouraged the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, to sit for an interview with Hibbert in the lead-up to the 1987 general election. The interview gained considerable press coverage. Hoping to win favour among the nation's young voters, Thatcher was instead ridiculed in print for her music tastes, which included Cliff Richard and, as her favourite song, the 1953 hit "(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?"

In the late 1980s, Hibbert followed Ellen to . Although the magazine was aimed at an older age group and more respectful to established rock stars, Hibbert's contributions retained an element of irreverence. His interviews in the "Who the Hell …?" series led to him travelling around the world. Among his subjects were Jeremy Clarkson, Tom Jones, Jimmy Savile, Jeremy Beadle, Jeffrey Archer, Robert Maxwell, Samantha Fox, Keith Floyd, Bernard Manning and David Mellor. Affronted by Manning's racist remarks, Hibbert replied: "Ha ha ha, you fat bastard." Some stars were similarly offended by Hibbert, who later cited Ringo Starr, Kate Bush and Boy George as disgruntled interviewees.

He began working for *Q*'s sister title *Empire* in 1989. Its launch editor, Barry McIlheney, fearing that the magazine would be unlikely to gain access to any top film stars, says he thought: "Well, I'm going to have to get Tom Hibbert to write 20 Things About Jack Nicholson, because we're never going to get to interview \[Nicholson\]." In the early 1990s, Hibbert's interviews also appeared in the American magazine *Details*. He subsequently contributed to *Mojo*, another Emap title edited by Ellen, from 1993 onwards.

## Illness and death

In 1997, Hibbert was hospitalised in Hammersmith, where he was found to be suffering from pneumonia and acute pancreatitis. Following a three-month stay in intensive care, he was unable to return to work.

He died in August 2011 at the age of 59 from complications related to his diabetes condition. He was survived by his wife, Allyce.


abstract:
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council between 1970 and 1973. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1967 state election with terms expiring in 1973, while the other half were elected at the 1970 state election with terms expiring in 1976. A redistribution in 1965 had created the new provinces of Boronia and Templestowe out of the former Southern Province; the full redistribution took effect at the 1970 election.
  - ⁱ Charles Hider was elected at a by-election to fill the remaining three years of Lindsay Thompson's term in Monash Province, which was held on the same day as the 1970 elections.
  - ⁲ Labor candidate Bunna Walsh, who won the Melbourne West Province seat at the 1970 election, was not admitted to the Council due to a conviction 20 years earlier for robbery with violence in the South Melbourne Children's Court. His election was then declared void in September 1970 by the Court of Disputed Returns, and Labor candidate Bon Thomas won the resulting by-election on 24 October 1970.
  - ⁳ In March 1981, Rupert Hamer, Liberal MLC for East Yarra Province, resigned to contest the Legislative Assembly by-election in the seat of Kew. Liberal candidate Haddon Storey won the resulting by-election on 17 April 1971.
  - ⁴ On 20 April 1972, Jack O'Connell, Labor MLC for Melbourne Province, died. Labor candidate Ivan Trayling was elected unopposed at the resulting by-election on 9 June 1972.

text:
# Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1970–1973

This is a list of **members of the Victorian Legislative Council** between 1970 and 1973. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1967 state election with terms expiring in 1973, while the other half were elected at the 1970 state election with terms expiring in 1976. A redistribution in 1965 had created the new provinces of Boronia and Templestowe out of the former Southern Province; the full redistribution took effect at the 1970 election.

| Name | Party | Province | Term expires | Term of office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Keith Bradbury | Country | North Eastern | 1973 | 1953–1978 |
| Hon Murray Byrne | Liberal | Ballarat | 1976 | 1958–1976 |
| Bill Campbell | Liberal | East Yarra | 1973 | 1964–1983 |
| Hon Sir Gilbert Chandler | Liberal | Boronia | 1973 | 1935–1973 |
| Michael Clarke | Country | Northern | 1976 | 1964–1976 |
| Hon Vance Dickie | Liberal | Ballarat | 1973 | 1956–1978 |
| Bernie Dunn | Country | North Western | 1976 | 1969–1988 |
| Dolph Eddy | Labor | Doutta Galla | 1976 | 1970–1982 |
| Doug Elliot | Labor | Melbourne | 1973 | 1960–1979 |
| Hon William Fry | Liberal | Higinbotham | 1973 | 1967–1979 |
| John Galbally | Labor | Melbourne North | 1973 | 1949–1979 |
| Raymond Garrett | Liberal | Templestowe | 1976 | 1958–1976 |
| Stan Gleeson | Liberal | South Western | 1973 | 1965–1979 |
| Jock Granter | Liberal | Bendigo | 1976 | 1964–1988 |
| Fred Grimwade | Liberal | Bendigo | 1973 | 1967–1987 |
| Kenneth Gross | Liberal | Western | 1976 | 1958–1976 |
| Hon Rupert Hamer\[3\] | Liberal | East Yarra | 1976 | 1958–1971 |
| Vernon Hauser | Liberal | Boronia | 1976 | 1970–1982 |
| Murray Hamilton | Liberal | Higinbotham | 1976 | 1967–1982 |
| Charles Hider\[1\] | Liberal | Monash | 1973 | 1970–1979 |
| Hon Vasey Houghton | Liberal | Templestowe | 1973 | 1967–1985 |
| Hon Alan Hunt | Liberal | South Eastern | 1973 | 1961–1992 |
| Glyn Jenkins | Liberal | South Western | 1976 | 1970–1982 |
| Eric Kent | Labor | Gippsland | 1976 | 1970–1976, 1979–1985 |
| Alexander Knight | Labor | Melbourne West | 1973 | 1963–1979 |
| Stuart McDonald | Country | Northern | 1973 | 1967–1979 |
| Arthur Mansell | Country | North Western | 1973 | 1952–1973 |
| Bob May | Country | Gippsland | 1973 | 1957–1973 |
| Clive Mitchell | Country | Western | 1973 | 1968–1973 |
| Graham Nicol | Liberal | Monash | 1976 | 1958–1976 |
| Jack O'Connell\[4\] | Labor | Melbourne | 1976 | 1958–1972 |
| Haddon Storey\[3\] | Liberal | East Yarra | 1976 | 1971–1996 |
| Ivan Swinburne | Country | North Eastern | 1976 | 1946–1976 |
| Bon Thomas\[2\] | Labor | Melbourne West | 1976 | 1970–1982 |
| Ivan Trayling\[4\] | Labor | Melbourne | 1976 | 1972–1982 |
| John Tripovich | Labor | Doutta Galla | 1973 | 1960–1976 |
| John Walton | Labor | Melbourne North | 1976 | 1958–1982 |
| Roy Ward | Liberal | South Eastern | 1976 | 1970–1988 |
| Bunna Walsh\[2\] | Labor | Melbourne West | 1976 | 1970 |

**1**  Charles Hider was elected at a by-election to fill the remaining three years of Lindsay Thompson's term in Monash Province, which was held on the same day as the 1970 elections. **2**  Labor candidate Bunna Walsh, who won the Melbourne West Province seat at the 1970 election, was not admitted to the Council due to a conviction 20 years earlier for robbery with violence in the South Melbourne Children's Court. His election was then declared void in September 1970 by the Court of Disputed Returns, and Labor candidate Bon Thomas won the resulting by-election on 24 October 1970. **3**  In March 1981, Rupert Hamer, Liberal MLC for East Yarra Province, resigned to contest the Legislative Assembly by-election in the seat of Kew. Liberal candidate Haddon Storey won the resulting by-election on 17 April 1971. **4**  On 20 April 1972, Jack O'Connell, Labor MLC for Melbourne Province, died. Labor candidate Ivan Trayling was elected unopposed at the resulting by-election on 9 June 1972.

## Sources


title: GTP-binding protein regulators

abstract: GTP-binding protein regulators regulate G proteins in several different ways. Small GTPases act as molecular switches in signaling pathways, which act to regulate functions of other proteins. They are active or 'ON' when it is bound to GTP and inactive or 'OFF' when bound to GDP. Activation and deactivation of small GTPases can be regarded as occurring in a cycle, between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound form, regulated by other regulatory proteins.

text:
# GTP-binding protein regulators

**GTP-binding protein regulators** regulate G proteins in several different ways. Small GTPases act as molecular switches in signaling pathways, which act to regulate functions of other proteins. They are *active* or 'ON' when it is bound to GTP and *inactive* or 'OFF' when bound to GDP. Activation and deactivation of small GTPases can be regarded as occurring in a cycle, between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound form, regulated by other regulatory proteins.

## Exchangers

The inactive form of GTPases (GDP-form) are activated by a class of proteins called Guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). GEFs catalyse nucleotide exchange by encouraging the release of GDP from the small GTPase (by displacement of the small GTPase-associated Mg2+ ion) and GDP's replacement by GTP (which is in at least a 10-fold excess within the cell) . Inactivation of the active small GTPase is achieved through hydrolysis of the GTP by the small GTPase's intrinsic GTP hydrolytic activity.

## Stimulators

The rate of GTP hydrolysis for small GTPases is generally too slow to create physiologically relevant transient signals, and thus requires another class of regulatory proteins to accelerate this activity, the GTPase activating proteins (GAPs).

## Inhibitors

Another class of regulatory proteins, the Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), bind to the GDP-bound form of Rho and Rab small GTPases and not only prevent exchange (maintaining the small GTPase in an off-state), but also prevent the small GTPase from localizing at the membrane, which is their place of action.


title: GTP cyclohydrolase I

abstract: GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) (EC 3.5.4.16) is a member of the GTP cyclohydrolase family of enzymes. GTPCH is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (7,8-DHNP-3'-TP, 7,8-NH2-3'-TP).

text:
# GTP cyclohydrolase I

**GTP cyclohydrolase I** (**GTPCH**) (EC 3.5.4.16) is a member of the GTP cyclohydrolase family of enzymes. GTPCH is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (7,8-DHNP-3'-TP, 7,8-NH2-3'-TP).

## Gene

GTPCH is encoded by the gene *GCH1*. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described; however, not all of the variants give rise to a functional enzyme.

## Clinical significance

At least 94 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered. Mutations in this gene are associated with two disorders: autosomal recessive GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency and autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency. These may present with malignant phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and lead to a lack of certain neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin). The dominant form, with mutation in only one of the two alleles for GTP cyclohydrolase I, causes dopamine-responsive dystonia, characterized by childhood-onset dystonia. Patients with the recessive form have mutations in both alleles for GTP cyclohydrolase I. Patients present with developmental delays and neurological dysfunction with trunk hypotonia, hypertonia of the extremities, abnormal movements, tremors, convulsions, and sometimes autonomic dysfunction. Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).

## Function

| The chemical reaction performed by GTPCH. The important carbons relative to the transformation are numbered for reference. | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.5.4.16 |
| CAS no. | 37289-19-3 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |

The transcribed protein is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin (THB, BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of GTP into 7,8-DHNP-3'-TP. THB is an essential cofactor required by the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAH) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in the biosynthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and nitric oxide (NO), respectively.

GTPCH (GCH1) and tetrahydrobiopterin were found to protect against cell death by ferroptosis. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) acts as a potent, diffusable antioxidant that resists oxidative stress and enables cancer cell survival.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| GCH1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | GCH1, DYT14, DYT5, DYT5a, GCH, GTP-CH-1, GTPCH1, HPABH4B, GTP cyclohydrolase 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 600225; MGI: 95675; HomoloGene: 132; GeneCards: GCH1; OMA:GCH1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_000161
NM\_001024024
NM\_001024070
NM\_001024071   NM\_008102   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_000152
NP\_001019195
NP\_001019241
NP\_001019242   NP\_032128   Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 54.84 – 54.9 Mb Chr 14: 47.39 – 47.43 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Tomskiy Khutor

abstract: Tomskiy Khutor is a village located in the Kharmang District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The Pakistani Air Force has a base here.

text:
# Tomskiy Khutor

**Tomskiy Khutor** is a village located in the Kharmang District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The Pakistani Air Force has a base here.

## InfoBox

| Tomskiy Khutor | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Tomskiy Khutor | |
| Coordinates: 34°53′56″N 75°38′06″E / 34.899°N 75.635°E / 34.899; 75.635 | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Territories of Pakistan | Gilgit-Baltistan |
| District | Kharmang |
| Time zone | UTC+05:00 (PKT) |


title: Tomatlán, Veracruz

abstract: Tomatlán is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, located 58 kilometres (36 mi) south of the state capital of Xalapa.

text:
# Tomatlán, Veracruz

**Tomatlán** (Nahuatl: "place of tomatoes") is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, located 58 kilometres (36 mi) south of the state capital of Xalapa.

## Geography

The municipality of Tomatlán is located in central Veracruz at an altitude between 1,000 and 1,500 metres (3,300–4,900 ft). It borders the municipalities of Ixhuatlán del Café to the northeast, Córdoba to the southeast, Chocamán to the southwest, and Coscomatepec de Bravo to the northwest. The municipality covers an area of 18.905 square kilometres (7.299 sq mi) and comprises 0.03% of the state's area.

Tomatlán is located in the Jamapa River basin. Agricultural land makes up 87.04% of the municipality's area.

Tomatlán's climate is humid and semi-warm with rain throughout the year. Average temperatures in the municipality range between 16 and 20 °C (61–68 °F), and average annual precipitation ranges between 1,500 and 2,000 millimetres (59–79 in).

## History

Located three kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the municipal seat of Tomatlán, the Olmec site of La Yerbabuena dates to the Middle and Late Formative periods (c. 600–400 BCE) and has been identified as a workshop for the production of obsidian tools. In the 15th century a Teochichimeca settlement called Quechultenango ("wall of quetzals") was founded in the area, which in the colonial period became known as San Miguel Quechultenango Tomatlán.

On 18 January 1825 Tomatlán was incorporated as a municipality in the state of Veracruz. It became a free municipality on 15 January 1918.

## Administration

The municipal government comprises a president, a councillor (Spanish: *síndico*), and a trustee (*regidor*). The current president of the municipality is Nicolas Prado Morales.

## Demographics

In the 2010 Mexican Census, the municipality of Tomatlán recorded a population of 6763 inhabitants living in 1749 households. The 2015 Intercensal Survey estimated a population of 6869 inhabitants in Tomatlán.

There are 10 localities in the municipality, of which only the municipal seat, also called Tomatlán, is classified as urban. It recorded a population of 4348 inhabitants in the 2010 Census.

## Economy

The most important economic activities in Tomatlán are sugarcane production and chicken farming, followed by coffee production and cattle farming.

## InfoBox

| Tomatlán | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location in Veracruz | |
| TomatlánLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 19°01′51″N 97°00′31″W / 19.03083°N 97.00861°W / 19.03083; -97.00861 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Veracruz |
| Established | 18 January 1825 |
| Seat | Tomatlán |
| Government | |
| President | Antonio Flores Cancino |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.905 km2 (7.299 sq mi) |
| Elevation (of seat) | 1,355 m (4,446 ft) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| Total | 6,763 |
| Estimate (2015 Intercensal Survey) | 6,869 |
| Density | 360/km2 (930/sq mi) |
| Seat | 4,348 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (Central) |
| Postal codes | 94170–94178 |
| Area code | 273 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Tomato, Arkansas

abstract: Tomato is an unincorporated community in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. Tomato is located on Island No. 25 in the Mississippi River, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) east-southeast of Blytheville. Tomato is known for its unusual place name.

text:
# Tomato, Arkansas

**Tomato** is an unincorporated community in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. Tomato is located on Island No. 25 in the Mississippi River, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) east-southeast of Blytheville. Tomato is known for its unusual place name.

## InfoBox

| Tomato, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| TomatoTomato | |
| Coordinates: 35°50′37″N 89°44′28″W / 35.84361°N 89.74111°W / 35.84361; -89.74111 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Mississippi |
| Elevation | 256 ft (78 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 72381 |
| Area code | 870 |
| GNIS feature ID | 78571 |


title: Tomato (design collective)

abstract: Tomato is a multi-discipline design and film collective, founded in London in 1991 by Steve Baker, Dirk van Dooren, Simon Taylor, John Warwicker and Graham Wood, plus musicians Karl Hyde and Rick Smith of the electronic group Underworld and Colin Vearncombe, the artist also known as Black. They were joined by Jason Kedgley in 1994. The collective includes a worldwide group of directors, designers, artists, writers, producers and composers, who develop cross-platform projects that are commercial, artistic and research based. Tomato also regularly lectures on design and has published the books, Process Bareback, and Tycho's Nova. In addition to its core studio in London, Tomato has a presence in Melbourne and Tokyo. In 2012, Tomato opened its first wholly owned US entity, Tomato Studios, with a main creative/production studio in Los Angeles and field office in New York. In 2014, Tomato signed an agreement with production company Twist Films for exclusive director representation in the US, and co-development of creative projects. As of 2016, however, the US business is no longer affiliated with Tomato.

text:
# Tomato (design collective)

**Tomato** is a multi-discipline design and film collective, founded in London in 1991 by Steve Baker, Dirk van Dooren, Simon Taylor, John Warwicker and Graham Wood, plus musicians Karl Hyde and Rick Smith of the electronic group Underworld and Colin Vearncombe, the artist also known as Black. They were joined by Jason Kedgley in 1994.

The collective includes a worldwide group of directors, designers, artists, writers, producers and composers, who develop cross-platform projects that are commercial, artistic and research based.

Tomato also regularly lectures on design and has published the books, *Process* *Bareback,* and *Tycho's Nova.*

In addition to its core studio in London, Tomato has a presence in Melbourne and Tokyo. In 2012, Tomato opened its first wholly owned US entity, Tomato Studios, with a main creative/production studio in Los Angeles and field office in New York. In 2014, Tomato signed an agreement with production company Twist Films for exclusive director representation in the US, and co-development of creative projects. As of 2016, however, the US business is no longer affiliated with Tomato.

## Publications

* *Process: A Tomato Project.* London: Thames & Hudson, 1996. ISBN 978-0500279151.
* *Bareback: A Tomato Project.* London: Laurence King, 1999. ISBN 978-1856691604.
* *Tycho's Nova: A Tomato Project.* By Graham Wood. Self-published, 2001. ISBN 978-0954017309.

## InfoBox

Tomato
| Company type | Privately held company |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Marketing |
| Founded | 1991 (1991) |
| Headquarters | London, Melbourne, Tokyo |
| Website | www.tomato.co.uk |


title: Mentha royleana

abstract: Mentha royleana, is a species within the Mentha (mint) genus, native to eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Himalayas and Kashmir. A polymorphic perennial herb, M. royleana has seen diverse uses in traditional medicine.

text:
# Mentha royleana

***Mentha royleana***, is a species within the *Mentha* (mint) genus, native to eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Himalayas and Kashmir. A polymorphic perennial herb, *M. royleana* has seen diverse uses in traditional medicine.

## Name

*Mentha royleana* is known by the English common name of **Royle's mint**, named for British botanist John Forbes Royle. In Pakistan, it is referred to as *Jangli podina* or simply *podina* or *pudina*. Other attested regional names include:

## Description

*Mentha royleana* resembles other *Mentha* species, in particular *Mentha longifolia*. Like other mints, *M. royleana* is a perennial plant, reproducing via rhizome, and shares the pungent mint aroma of most of the genus.

It is distinguished from its close relatives by its narrowly oblong-elliptic mostly petiolate leaves, which tend to be discolored. Other authors attest the leaves can occasionally be sessile. Its spikes are more slender, with separated verticillasters and calyces measuring 1.5 to 2 millimeters. Its flowers are small and whitish in color. According to a 2011 study, *M. royleana* contains a mean 179.2 milligrams of caffeic acid, 46.93 milligrams of rosmarinic acid, 41.76 milligrams of ferulic acid per 100 grams of plant material.

## Classification

The *Mentha* species in general demonstrate a large amount of genetic variation and ease of hybridization, which has made taxonomic distinctions a fraught question. In a 2018 analysis, samples of *M. royleana* from different geographic regions of Pakistan demonstrated the greatest amount of genetic variability among the studied *Mentha* species. As a result, several varieties have been defined. A 1992 study identified two varieties: *var. glabra* and *var. gilgitica.* Botanist Karl Heinz Rechinger recognized three varieties in 1998: *var. royleana*, *var. detonsa* (Briquet) and *var. afghanica* (Murata). A 2018 comparison of random amplification of polymorphic DNA markers differentiated three varieties of *M. royleana*: *var. afghanica*, *var. royleana*, and *var. tugidus.*

The similarity of *M. royleana* to other mints has led some authors to even assign it as a mere varietal of *M. longifolia*. However, it is currently accepted as a distinct species by authorities such as Plants of the World Online. Studies of populations of *M. royleana* and *M. spicata* determined they were genetically distinct enough to justify their separate species classifications. Recent literature continues to call for further investigation to establish *M. royleana'*s true taxonomic status.

## Distribution and habitat

While *Mentha royleana'*s native distribution is in the region of the Himalayas (including India, Pakistan and Nepal), it is now established throughout Northwest Asia and Europe. It has also been intentionally cultivated in parts of China. It is frequent in wet places, principally at elevations from 9000 to 11000 feet (11,000 or 12,000 feet in another source ). Some authors have described it as common, or indeed even "the commonest mint" in Pakistan.

## Use

*Mentha royleana* has been assessed as a plant with a "high use value" in traditional medicine. It has been used to treat a variety of ailments. It is said to be used as a treatment for vomiting, diarrhea, dysentary, and cholera, as well as a general carminative.

In the Margalla Hills, part of the Himalayan foothills, it is ground with the fruit of *Zanthoxylum armatum* and combined with salt as a stomach ache cure. Herbal medicine practitioners in Batakundi mixes the leaves of *M. royleana* into green teas, with cooling and gas relief properties. In Parachinar, the leaves of the plant are sewed into cloth pads and wrapped around babies' chests to relieve flus and chest problems. In the Haramosh valley in Gilgit District, *M. royleana* is combined with pomegranate, ginger and garlic to produce a juice intended to treat diabetes and heart issues. Combined with *Thymus linearis* (Himalayan Thyme), it is used to treat high blood pressure and abdominal worms.

Aside from medical use, *M. royleana* is used to freshen the breath and in the preparation of sauces and salads. The floral shoots of *M. royleana* are also used in religious ceremonies in Hinduism.

* Abbas, Qamar; Hussain, Adeeb; Khan, Sher Wali; Hussain, Alamdar; Shinwari, Shehla; Hussain, Azhar; Ullah, Asad; Zafar, Muhammad; Ali, Karamat (2019). "Floristic Diversity, Ethnobotany and Traditional Recipes of Medicinal Plants of Maruk Nallah, Haramosh Valley, District Gilgit, Gilgit Baltistan". *Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences*. **56** (3): 97–112. ISSN 2518-4261.
* Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood; Khan, Mir Ajab; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Zafar, Muhammad (2011-12-15). *Medicinal Plant Biodiversity of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan*. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4614-1574-9.
* Akhtar, Naveed (2014). "Exploring Patterns of Phytodiversity, Ethnobotany, Plant Geography and Vegetation in the Mountains of Miandam, Swat, Northern Pakistan" (PDF). Göttingen, Germany: University of Göttingen. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
* Ahmad, Israr; Khan, Sami Ullah; Khan, Aziz; Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib; Abbasi, Fozia (2018). "Reassessment of Mentha Species from Kunhar River Catchment Using Morphological and Molecular Markers". *Anadolu*. **28** (1): 6–12.
* Ajaib, Muhammad; Haider, Syed Khalil; Zikrea, Annam; Siddiqui, Muhammad Faheem (2014). "Ethnobotanical Studies of Herbs of Agra Valley, Parachinar, Upper Kurram Agency, Pakistan". *International Journal of Biology & Biotechnology*. **11** (1): 71–83.
* Ajaib, Muhammad; Khan, Zaheer-ud-din; Zikrea, Annam (2014). "Ethnobotanical survey of some important herbaceous plants of District Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir". *Biologia*. **60** (1): 11–22.
* Bibi, Sadia; Sultana, Jawairia; Sultana, Humaira; Malik, Riffat Naseem (2014-08-08). "Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants in the highlands of Soan Valley, Salt Range, Pakistan". *Journal of Ethnopharmacology*. **155** (1): 352–361. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.031. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 24882732. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
* Henderson, George; Hume, Allan Octavian; Forsyth, Thomas Douglas (1873). *Lahore to Yārkand: Incidents of the Route and Natural History of the Countries Traversed by the Expedition of 1870, Under T. D. Forsyth*. L. Reeve.
* Jasbeen, Asma; Khan, Mir Ajab; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Zafar, Muhammad; Ahmad, Farooq (2009-03-06). "Indigenous uses of economically important flora of Margallah Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan". *African Journal of Biotechnology*. **8** (5): 763–784.
* Khan, Shujaul M.; Page, Sue; Ahmad, Habib; Shaheen, Hamayun; Ullah, Zahid; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Harper, David M. (2013-01-10). "Medicinal flora and ethnoecological knowledge in the Naran Valley, Western Himalaya, Pakistan". *Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine*. **9** (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-4. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 3570439. PMID 23302393.
* Nasir, Eugene; Ali, S. I. (1990). *Flora of West Pakistan*. Nazeer Print. Works.
* Pandit, Ashok K. (2002). *Natural Resources of Western Himalaya*. Valley Book House. ISBN 978-81-86592-11-3.
* Rahman, Inayat Ur; Afzal, Aftab; Iqbal, Zafar; Hart, Robbie; Abd-Allah, Elsayed Fathi; Hashem, Abeer; Alsayed, Mashail Fahad; Ijaz, Farhana; Ali, Niaz; Shah, Muzammil; Bussman, Rainier W.; Calixto, Eduardo Soares (2019). "Herbal Teas and Drinks: Folk Medicine of the Manoor Valley, Lesser Himalaya, Pakistan". *Plants*. **8** (12): 581. doi:10.3390/plants8120581. PMC 6963793. PMID 31817913.
* Shinwari, Zabta Khan; Chaudhri, Mohammad Nazeer (1992). "A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Mentha in Pakistan". *Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica*. **43** (2): 97–110. ISSN 0001-6799.
* Shinwari, Zabta; Sultan, Sidra; Mahmood, Tariq (2011-06-01). "Molecular and morphological characterization of selected Mentha species". *Pakistan Journal of Botany*. **43**.
* Stewart, J. L. (1870). "Notes of a Botanical Tour in Ladak or Western Tibet". *Transactions of the Botanical Society*. Vol. X. Edinburgh.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Tahira, Riffat; Naeemullah, Muhammad; Akbar, Fazal; Masood, Muhammad Shahid (2011). "Major Phenolic Acids of Local and Exotic Mint Germplasm Grown in Islamabad". *Pakistan Journal of Botany*. **43**: 143–146.
* Kletter, Christa; Kriechbaum, Monika, eds. (2001). *Tibetan Medicinal Plants*. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0031-8.

## InfoBox

| *Mentha royleana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Mentha* |
| Species: | ***M. royleana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mentha royleana***<br>Benth. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mentha longifolia subsp. royleana* Col. * *Mentha sylvestris var. royleana* Benth. | |


title: Mentha requienii

abstract: Mentha requienii, or Corsican mint, is an herb and species of mint, native to Corsica, Sardinia, and Montecristo Island, and naturalized in Portugal and in the British Isles. It is a very low-growing species with bright green leaves and a strong minty aroma.

text:
# Mentha requienii

***Mentha requienii***, or **Corsican mint**, is an herb and species of mint, native to Corsica, Sardinia, and Montecristo Island, and naturalized in Portugal and in the British Isles. It is a very low-growing species with bright green leaves and a strong minty aroma.

## Description

Corsican mint is one of the smallest members of the mint family. It grows to 3–10 cm tall, with small oval leaves 2–7 mm long and tiny mauve flowers in July and August that are insect pollinated. It has a strong aroma of peppermint.

## Distribution

Corsican mint is native to Corsica, Sardinia and the Montecristo island. It has become naturalised in other parts of the world and is regarded as an invasive species in south eastern United States.

## Use in the garden

*Mentha requienii* can be used in landscaping as a bedding plant, giving out a desirable mint smell when trodden on. Because it can indeed be walked upon without dying, it is sometimes used to line walkways, growing between stepping stones. Unlike most other cultivated mints, this plant stays diminutive and thrives in shady garden areas. However, if given too much moisture the leaves will rot. The best way to avoid this is to let the plant dry out between waterings, but not too much, because it is drought-sensitive. Baby's tears is used as a substitute in areas where Corsican mint is too fragile.

Corsican mint, along with pennyroyal, is thought to be one of the best mints to grow as a companion to brassica plants like broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, et cetera. It repels certain pest insects, in part by obscuring the smell of the crop to be protected, and may also enhance flavor.

## Use in the kitchen

This plant is also used in cuisine, most famously as the flavoring in crème de menthe. It is sometimes said to have a scent similar to pennyroyal.

## Other uses

In traditional medicine this plant has been used as an antiseptic, a carminative and a febrifuge. The smell of mint is disliked by rats and mice and this plant has been used for strewing on the floor to deter rodents.

## InfoBox

| Corsican mint | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Mentha* |
| Species: | ***M. requienii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mentha requienii***<br>Bentham | |
|