title: Zbigniew Bielewicz

abstract: Zbigniew Bielewicz was a Polish artist, painter, graphic designer, and teacher. He was also a soldier during World War II. He was awarded a "Participation in the defensive war of 1939" Medal and the "Veteran of the Fight for Freedom and Independence of the Fatherland" badge.

text:
# Zbigniew Bielewicz

**Zbigniew Bielewicz** (born August 10, 1913 in Kęty, died September 8, 2008 in Bielsko-Biała) was a Polish artist, painter, graphic designer, and teacher. He was also a soldier during World War II. He was awarded a "Participation in the defensive war of 1939" Medal and the "Veteran of the Fight for Freedom and Independence of the Fatherland" badge.

## Life

Bielewicz was born on 10 August 1913 in Kęty. He attended school, first in Kęty, and then in Bielsko (currently a part of Bielsko-Biała). He entered the Teachers' College in Biała Krakowska (currently a part of Bielsko-Biała). After two years, he left it to work with his father as a confectioner. In 1933 he graduated a one-year merchant training school in Bielsko. In November 1935 he joined the 4th Podhale Rifle Regiment (4. Pułk Strzelców Podhalańskich) in Cieszyn. He was then moved to the Border Protection Corps. Bielewicz took part in the September campaign, for which in 1985 he was awarded a medal for "participation in the defensive war of 1939", and in 1995 the "Veteran of the Fight for Freedom and Independence of the Fatherland" badge.

> Ja brałem udział w całej kampanii od Śląska – umundurowany i wyposażony bojowo w Oświęcimiu (znajdował się tam batalion 73 P.P.) – teren obecnego obozu zagłady. Przeszedłem cały szlak bojowy, aż do Lasów Tomaszowskich biorąc udział w licznych potyczkach. Tutaj zostaliśmy otoczeni ze wszystkich stron. Była jedna luka południowo-wschodnia \[...\].
>
> We wsi Łętownia k. Przeworska udało mi się zmylić straże i w przebraniu cywilnym \[...\] wrócić po dłuższych tarapatach do domu. Był to już koniec września 1939.
>
> Przygnębienie, smutek i rozpacz ściskały serce, ale żyć trzeba dalej, przyjąć ciężkie warunki okupanta.
>
> I took part in the entire campaign from Silesia – uniformed and equipped for combat in Oświęcim (there was a battalion of the 73 P.P.) – the area of the current extermination camp. I walked the entire combat trail, up to the Lasy Tomaszowskie, taking part in numerous clashes. Here we were surrounded on all sides. There was one south-east gap \[...\]. In the village of Łętownia near Przeworsk, I managed to confuse the guards and, in civilian disguise, \[...\] returned home after a long trouble. It was the end of September 1939.
>
> Despondency, sadness and despair squeezed the heart, but one must live on, accept the harsh conditions of the occupant.
>
> Zbigniew Bielewicz, Dzieje życia – co pozostało w sercu i pamięci (Bielewicz's autobiography)

During the occupation of Poland he lived in Żywiec, where he worked at Żywieckie Zakłady Papiernicze „Solali” (Żywiec Paper Plants "Solali") as a room painter and graphic designer of letters and signboards. On September 14, 1940, he married Janina Kubik, and in 1943 his daughter Aleksandra was born. After the war, on June 1, 1945, he resumed studying, in the Institute of Fine Arts in Kraków. In 1948 – under the guidance of professors Witold Chomicz, Jerzy Karolak and Stanisław Jakubowski – he graduated in graphic arts at this university. From 1949 to 1950 Bielewicz was working as a teacher in Nowa Ruda. In 1952 he was a drafter at Państwowe Zakłady Graficzne (State Graphic Works), and next year at Spółdzielnia „Dekoracja” ("Decoration" Cooperative, known later as Spółdzielnia Pracy Przemysłu Ludowego i Artystycznego – Folk and Art Industry Work Cooperative) in Stalinograd (currently Katowice). In 1953 he became interested in the polychromes of churches.

In September 1956 he moved to Bielsko-Biała, where he was making signboards for Spółdzielnia „Społem” ("Społem" cooperative). In the years 1953–1984 he designed, made and renovated several dozen of altars and elements of churches and chapels in Poland, especially in the south. For example in: Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Oświęcim, Borek Strzeliński, Biała, Kiczora near Zwardoń, Ludźmierz in Podhale, Olszynka near Prudnik, Rajcza, Milówka, Lipnik (Bielsko-Biała), Walawa near Przemyśl, Rogoźnik near Nowy Targ, Przemyśl and Rybarzowice.

He had his first exhibition in the pavilion at Lenin Street (currently 3 Maja Street) in Bielsko-Biała from 15 March to 4 April 1971. It was organised by Związek Polskich Artystów Plastyków (Association of Polish Artists and Designers) which he joined in Bielsko-Biała in 1951 (ID number: 2311).

> \[Obrazy z wystawy pochodzą z moich wyjazdów na plenery.\] Malowałem w różnym czasie. W dalszej kolejności robiłem wypady poza miasto Bielsko-Biała na dwa, trzy dni, tak że w końcu miałem tekę zapełnioną. Przedstawiłem miejscowemu społeczeństwu 72 akwarele. Ta technika mi najbardziej odpowiadała. Na to złożyło się dziesięć lat pracy, chodzenia po wertepach, dźwiganie ciężkiego ekwipunku.
>
> \[The paintings in the exhibition come from my trips to open-air workshops.\] I painted at different times. Later, I made trips outside the city of Bielsko-Biała for two or three days, so that in the end I had a full portfolio. I presented 72 watercolors to the local community. This technique suited me best. It took ten years of work, walking on bumpy roads, carrying heavy equipment.
>
> Zbigniew Bielewicz, Dzieje życia – co pozostało w sercu i pamięci (Bielewicz's autobiography)

He became a full member of ZPAP (APAD) in 1972, recommended by his colleagues Jan Grabowski and Ignacy Bieniek. The following years and his retirement Bielewicz has devoted to painting for the exhibitions of the artists' association and as an amateur. Zbigniew Bielewicz died on September 8, 2008, in Bielsko-Biała. He rests at the Municipal Cemetery in Kamienica, Bielsko-Biała.

## Major exhibitions

| Name | Duration | Place | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Akwarele Zbigniewa Bielewicza (Zbigniew Bielewicz's watercolors) | March 15 – April 4, 1971 | Pavilion at Lenin Street (currently 3 Maja Street) in Bielsko-Biała. | Like all the exhibitions, it was co-organized by ZPAP (APAD). 72 watercolors from many open-air locations that the author traveled to during the previous 10 years were presented. |
| Zbigniew Bielewicz – akwarele, oleje, projekty polichromii wnętrz (Zbigniew Bielewicz – watercolors, oil paints, interior polychrome designs) | December 1983 | Biuro Wystaw Artystycznych (Art Exhibitions Office) in Bielsko-Biała. | Not only wall paintings were presented, but also sketches, designs, and polychromes. |
| Malarstwo Zbigniewa Bielewicza (Zbigniew Bielewicz's painting art) | December 1, 1988 – January 10, 1989 | Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna (Voivodeship's Public Library) in Bielsko-Biała, Muzeum Beskidzkie (Beskid Museum) in Wisła, Cieszyńskie Centrum Kultury (Cieszyn's Culture Center) in Cieszyn, Museum in Żywiec (Towarzystwo Miłośników Ziemi Żywieckiej – Society of Lovers of the Żywiec Land). | Under the patronage of the Beskidzkie Towarzystwo Społeczno-Kulturalne (Beskid Social and Cultural Society). During the vernissage, the author received a „Sztaluga Juliana Fałata” ("Julian Fałat's Easel" – see: Julian Fałat). In October 1989, some of the works were transferred to the Galeria Sztuki Współczesnej (Contemporary Art Gallery) in Wadowice. |
| Jubileuszowa wystawa malarstwa Zbigniewa Bielewicza (Jubilee exhibition of paintings by Zbigniew Bielewicz) | May 2 – ?? 1994 | Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna (Voivodeship's Public Library) in Bielsko-Biała. | 160 people attended the opening, including Zbigniew Leraczyk, vice-president of Bielsko-Biała, and Zbigniew Stadnicki, president of the Związek Kombatantów (Polish Society of War Veterans). 67 watercolors and 5 oils on canvas have been presented. |
| Wysokie Tatry w malarstwie Zbigniewa Bielewicza (The High Tatras in Zbigniew Bielewicz's paintings) | January 9 – March 8, 1997 | Książnica Beskidzka (The Beskid Library) in Bielsko-Biała. | Zbigniew Bielewicz's last exhibition, crowning his career. Viewers could see 22 works focused on the Polish Tatras. The paintings were dated from 1988 to 1995. |

1. "Zbigniew Bielewicz – Związek Polskich Artystów Plastyków Okręg Bielsko-Biała" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
2. "Zbigniew Bielewicz : Kolekcja Sztuki Galerii Bielskiej BWA: Artyści". *kolekcja.galeriabielska.pl* (in Polish). kolekcja.galeriabielska.pl. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
3. Muzeum (2010). *Oblicza Bielska-Białej : twórcy ikonografii miasta : prace ze zbiorów Muzeum w Bielsku Białej* (in Polish). Bielsko-Biała: Muzeum. ISBN 978-83-88105-34-0. OCLC 750669863.
4. "Kronika Beskidzka" (PDF). *Kronika Beskidzka* (in Polish). Bielsko-Biała. 2003-08-14. ISSN 0867-0897. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-10. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
5. "Grobonet | Cmentarze Komunalne w Bielsku-Białej". *bielskobiala.artlookgallery.com* (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2022-11-25. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
6. Bielewicz, Zbigniew (2006). *Dzieje Życia – Co pozostało w sercu i pamięci* (in Polish). Bielsko-Biała: TIMEX.
7. Sztwiertnia, Teresa (1983). *Wystawa malarstwa Zbigniewa Bielewicza – akwarele, oleje, projekty polichromii wnętrz, Biuro Wystaw Artystycznych w Bielsku Białej, styczeń 1984: w 70-lecie urodzin*. BWA. Archived from the original on 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2021-12-23.

## Bibliography

* *Dzieje życia – co pozostało w sercu i pamięci* (in Polish). Bielsko-Biała: TIMEX. 2006.
* *Oblicza Bielska-Białej: twórcy ikonografii miasta – prace ze zbiorów Muzeum w Bielsku Białej* (in Polish). Bielsko-Biała: Bielsko-Biała Museum. 2010. ISBN 978-83-88105-34-0.

## InfoBox

| Zbigniew Bielewicz | |
| --- | --- |
| Zbigniew Bielewicz at an exhibition of his works in 1997. | |
| Born | August 10 1913
Kęty |
| Died | September 8 2008
Bielsko-Biała |
| Resting place | Municipal Cemetery in Kamienica, Bielsko-Biała
49°47′56″N 19°00′53″E / 49.798917°N 19.014806°E / 49.798917; 19.014806 |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Alma mater | Institute of Fine Arts in Kraków |
| Spouse | Janina Kubik |
| Children | Aleksandra Boguniowska-Saferna |


title: Thorius arboreus

abstract: Thorius arboreus, commonly known as the arboreal minute salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The specific name arboreus, derives from the Latin word arbor, meaning tree, referring to the arboreal habitat of this species.

text:
# Thorius arboreus

***Thorius arboreus***, commonly known as the **arboreal minute salamander**, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The specific name *arboreus*, derives from the Latin word *arbor*, meaning tree, referring to the arboreal habitat of this species.

## Description

With males measuring 16.1–18.4 mm (0.63–0.72 in) and females 15.2–20.0 mm (0.60–0.79 in) in snout–vent length, it is a very small species even among the generally small *Thorius*. It has a slender habitus. The head is relatively wide; the snout is bluntly pointed. The eyes are relatively large. Maxillary teeth are lacking. The limbs are relatively long. There is a reddish dorsal stripe; some individuals have an ornate pattern where the dorsolateral margins of the stripe are "pinched" over the shoulders.

## Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitat is cloud forest. It is an arboreal species typically occurring in the leaf axils of bromeliads. It tolerates some habitat degradation provided that shade remains. Main threats to it are encroachment of agriculture and logging.

## InfoBox

| *Thorius arboreus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Genus: | *Thorius* |
| Species: | ***T. arboreus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thorius arboreus***
Hanken & Wake, 1994 | |
|


title: I Will Consult Mister Brown

abstract: I Will Consult Mister Brown is a 1946 Spanish comedy film directed by Pío Ballesteros and starring Monique Thibaut, José Franco and Valeriano Andrés. It is based on the 1928 novel The Partner by the Chilean writer Jenaro Prieto. In order to stave off financial ruin, a man creates a fake business partner.

text:
# I Will Consult Mister Brown

***I Will Consult Mister Brown*** (Spanish: ***Consultaré a Mister Brown***) is a 1946 Spanish comedy film directed by Pío Ballesteros and starring Monique Thibaut, José Franco and Valeriano Andrés. It is based on the 1928 novel *The Partner* by the Chilean writer Jenaro Prieto. In order to stave off financial ruin, a man creates a fake business partner.

## Cast

1. Torres p.51

## Bibliography

* Augusto M. Torres. *Directores españoles malditos*. Huerga Y Fierro Editores, 2004.

## InfoBox

| I Will Consult Mister Brown | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Pío Ballesteros |
| Written by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Luis Muñoz Alcolea |
| Music by | Jesús García Leoz |
| Production<br>company | Grupo de Producción |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | Spain |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Thomas Fairland

abstract: Thomas Fairland was an English lithographer, engraver and portrait painter.

text:
# Thomas Fairland

**Thomas Fairland** (1804 – October 1852) was an English lithographer, engraver and portrait painter.

## Life and work

Fairland showed an early interest in drawing and practiced from nature in Kensington Gardens in London. He subsequently became a student of the Royal Academy under Henry Fuseli and gained a silver medal for drawing from the cast of Hercules which stood in the entrance hall of the academy building. Turning his attention to line engraving, he became a pupil of Charles Warren but was more attracted by the new art of lithography in which he produced some very good works. Among these may be noted:

A Volume of comic sketches, after William Henry Hunt, attained great popularity. However, his most important work and one of the best ever executed in lithography, was the cartoon of the Virgin and Child (known as the Rodgers Madonna) by Raphael.

Other subjects lithographed included "The Misers" (after Quentin Matsys), "Napoleon crossing the Alps" (after Jacques-Louis David), "Imogene" (after Richard Westall), and various portraits. He also worked with artist William Barraud to produce a volume called "The book of animals drawn from nature" (C. Tilt, 1846). However, owing to the decline of lithography due to foreign competition and the vagaries of fashion, Fairland now devoted himself to portrait painting, and enjoyed the patronage of many eminent people including royalty.

He struggled however with money and ill-health, and died from tuberculosis (known then as Consumption) in October 1852, aged 49. He was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

William Fairland, who it is thought was his brother, also practiced as a lithographer and executed "The Culprit detected" (after Robert Farrier - published 1831), "The Lovers Vigil" (after Robert Smirke) and others. He also did work on anatomical subjects.

* Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1889). "Fairland, Thomas". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 18. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 152.


title: The Body in the Library

abstract: The Body in the Library is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1942 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in May of the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence. The novel features her fictional amateur detective Miss Marple. The novel concerns the murders of two teenaged girls of outwardly similar appearance. One was an 18-year-old dancer, and the other was a 16-year-old Girl Guide with aspirations to an acting career. Jane Marple eventually uncovers the murderer. The story begins at St Mary Mead, the setting of the first Marple novel. The novel's main setting is a seaside resort hotel. Contemporary reviewers liked the shrewd feminine viewpoint, though missing Poirot. Robert Barnard praised the novel for its relative realism, comparing it with the lack of realism in P.D. James' novel An Unsuitable Job for a Woman.

text:
# The Body in the Library

***The Body in the Library*** is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1942 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in May of the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence. The novel features her fictional amateur detective Miss Marple.

The novel concerns the murders of two teenaged girls of outwardly similar appearance. One was an 18-year-old dancer, and the other was a 16-year-old Girl Guide with aspirations to an acting career. Jane Marple eventually uncovers the murderer. The story begins at St Mary Mead, the setting of the first Marple novel. The novel's main setting is a seaside resort hotel.

Contemporary reviewers liked the shrewd feminine viewpoint, though missing Poirot. Robert Barnard praised the novel for its relative realism, comparing it with the lack of realism in P.D. James' novel *An Unsuitable Job for a Woman*.

## Plot summary

The maid at Gossington Hall wakes Mrs Bantry; "There is a body in the library!" she cries. Dolly Bantry then wakes her husband, Colonel Arthur Bantry, and tells him to go downstairs. He finds the dead body of a young woman on the hearth rug in the library. She had been painted with heavy makeup, has platinum-blonde hair, and a silver-spangled dress. The colonel then contacts the police, and Mrs. Bantry calls her friend Miss Marple. The police investigators include Colonel Melchett and Inspector Slack.

Trying to identify this dead young woman, Melchett heads to the nearby cottage of Basil Blake, but Blake's girlfriend Dinah Lee, a platinum blonde, is very much alive and arrives at the house while Melchett is interviewing Blake. Dr Haydock's autopsy reveals that the young woman, healthy but not fully mature, died between 10 pm and 12 midnight on the previous evening, had been drugged and then strangled, and was "virgo intacta". Miss Marple notices that the appearance of this girl is not right, from her bitten fingernails to her old dress. She shares these observations with Dolly.

Hotel guest Conway Jefferson reports Ruby Keene, an 18-year-old dancer at the Majestic Hotel in Danemouth, as missing. Josie Turner, an employee at the hotel, identifies the body at Gossington Hall as that of her cousin Ruby. Guests saw Ruby as late as 11 pm dancing with George Bartlett, but Ruby did not appear for her dance demonstration at midnight. Jefferson tells police he has revised his will to favour Ruby, until the legal adoption is completed.

Dolly and Miss Marple move to the Majestic to investigate further. Conway calls Sir Henry Clithering, a former senior police officer, to join the investigation; Sir Henry sees Miss Marple at the hotel and in turn invites her to investigate.

Conway made large financial settlements for his children at the time each married. Then his wife, son, and daughter were killed in an aeroplane crash eight years earlier. The three grieving survivors, son-in-law Mark, daughter-in-law Adelaide, and Conway, make up a household. They were playing bridge that evening with Josie. Police initially rule out the son-in-law and daughter-in-law, thinking each one is financially secure. But both are short of money, as Slack’s investigation and Adelaide's conversation with Dolly reveal.

Bartlett's burned-out car is found with a charred corpse inside. From one shoe and one button, the corpse is identified as that of 16-year-old Girl Guide Pamela Reeves, reported missing by her parents the previous night.

The police ask Miss Marple to interview the other girls at a Guides event, and ask Sir Henry to question Conway's valet, Edwards. Miss Marple learns from Pamela's friend Florence that Pamela had been approached by a film producer and offered a screen test that evening, which was why she did not go directly home. Edwards reports that he saw a snapshot of Basil Blake fall out of Ruby's handbag while she was with Conway, which points to Blake. Slack had already found the hearth rug from the Blake home dumped.

Miss Marple believes that she knows who the murderer is, and seeks proof of her deduction. She visits Dinah Lee; Basil returns home, and he reveals how he found the corpse on the hearth rug around midnight when he came home rather drunk after a party. He moved the corpse to the Bantry home, not liking Bantry much. He did not kill the girl. However, the police arrest him.

Back at the hotel, Miss Marple asks the Bantrys to find a marriage record at Somerset House. She asks Sir Henry to approach Jefferson, who agrees to tell Mark and Adelaide that he will change his will the next day, leaving his money to a hostel in London. Sir Henry alerts the police, and shows the marriage record for Mark and Josie. At 3 am, an intruder, Josie Turner, enters Conway's bedroom, and is caught in the act by the police before she can harm Jefferson with a syringe filled with digitalin.

Miss Marple explains her thinking to Conway and the police. The body in the library was Pamela Reeves, made up to look more or less like Ruby, with her bitten fingernails giving away her youth. Ruby was the one burned in the car. Thus the alibis at the hotel were useless. Miss Marple did not believe the identification by Josie ("people are far too trusting for this wicked world") and sensed a plan gone awry.

She suspected that Mark and Josie were married. Besides wanting Conway dead, upon learning that Conway planned to adopt Ruby, they made the double murder plan. Mark lured Pamela to the hotel for the fictitious screen test. Josie dressed her, dyed her hair, and made her up to resemble Ruby, then drugged her. During the bridge game, Mark took a break, taking the drugged Pamela to Blake's hearth rug, where he strangled her with her belt. Just before midnight, when Ruby went up to change for the exhibition dance, Josie followed her and killed her by injection or a blow. After the midnight dance, she took Ruby, dressed in Pamela's clothes, in Bartlett's car to the quarry where she set fire to the car. During the police interrogation, Mark breaks down and confesses all the details.

Adelaide says she has agreed to marry her long-time suitor, Hugo, which pleases Jefferson. His new will settles cash on Adelaide and leaves the rest to her son Peter.

## Characters

* Miss Marple: resident of the village of Saint Mary Mead who has much experience in solving murders.
* Colonel Melchett: Chief Constable of Radfordshire, where the first body is found.
* Dolly Bantry: a friend of her village neighbour Miss Marple.
* Colonel Arthur Bantry: retired soldier, husband of Dolly, and owner of extensive property.
* Inspector Slack: investigates both murders and makes an arrest. Despite his last name, he is thorough in his work.
* Dr Haydock: doctor who performs the post-mortem on the first body, found in the Bantrys' library.
* Conway Jefferson: wealthy man staying at the Majestic Hotel with his son-in-law, daughter-in-law and step-grandson. He lost his legs in an aeroplane crash, the same crash in which he lost his wife Margaret, son Frank, and daughter Rosamund some years earlier. He is an old friend of the Bantrys.
* Mark Gaskell: Rosamund Jefferson's widower. He is a smooth-talking and handsome man, a gambler by personality. He lives with his father-in-law in the shared grief after the plane crash, but his father-in-law never really liked his daughter's choice of husband.
* Adelaide Jefferson: Frank Jefferson's widow. She has a son, Peter Carmody, who is aged 9. Peter was born after the death of her first husband, Mike Carmody. She is a good mother and a reliable woman.
* Edwards: valet to Conway Jefferson. He agrees to speak with Clithering, who will share only the needed information with police.
* Ruby Keene: a dancer using that stage name, born Rosy Legge. Conway Jefferson likes her, going so far as to say that he will adopt her and make her his heir once he alters his will. She was raised poor, and her outward appearance was like his daughter Rosamund. She was unlike Rosamund in personality, for Ruby was a gold-digger.
* Josie Turner: Ruby's cousin, a professional dancer, who asked Ruby to come to the hotel to take her place on the dance floor while her ankle heals after an injury. She is shrewd, practical, and wants money.
* Raymond Starr: born Thomas Ramon Starr. He works as the tennis professional and dancer at the Majestic Hotel. He hopes to woo Adelaide, once she is ready to consider remarriage; in this he loses out, and is gracious about the loss.
* Sir Henry Clithering: retired head of Scotland Yard and friend to Miss Marple. He is called to help in the investigation by his friend Conway Jefferson.
* Superintendent Harper: from the police in Glenshire, where the hotel is located. He joins the investigation.
* Basil Blake: young man who recently moved into a cottage just outside St Mary Mead, and enjoys scorning the older generation. He works for a film studio about 30 miles away, and appears at the house mainly at weekends. Miss Marple knows of his earlier life as an ARP warden who saved lives in a burning building, getting injured in the process. This is the only allusion to World War II.
* Dinah Lee: woman with platinum blonde hair who appears at Blake's home. They are married but tell no-one in the village.
* George Bartlett: Ruby's last dance partner. He has a car parked at the hotel which is stolen and reported missing the morning after Ruby’s murder. He is a shy man.
* Pamela Reeves: local girl, aged 16, a Girl Guide. She attended a Guides event on the night Ruby was murdered; her parents reported her missing to the police at 9 pm, hours after she was due home. The next day, she is named as the corpse found in Bartlett's stolen and burned car.
* Florence Small: Pamela Reeves's friend, in whom she confided the story of the screen test at the hotel. Florence revealed her nervousness to Miss Marple, who chose her as the girl to ask what really happened that evening.
* Hugo McLean: long-time friend of Adelaide who wants to marry her. In the end, he does.

## Title

In her 'Author's Foreword', Christie describes "the body in the library" as a cliché of detective fiction. She states that when writing her own variation on this theme, she decided that the library should be a completely conventional one while the body would be a highly improbable and sensational one.

Another example of this cliché was included in the first episode of the second series ("And the Moonbeams Kiss the Sea") of the television series *Inspector Lewis*, in which the body of a handyman is found in the Bodleian Library. DS James Hathaway comments to DI Robbie Lewis, "You realise what we've got, don't you, sir. ... The body in the library."

Yet more recently, in Philip Pullman's novel *La Belle Sauvage*, published in 2017, the protagonist borrows a book titled *The Body in the Library*.

This novel can be considered a conscious reworking of the genre.

## Literary significance and reception

Maurice Willson Disher of *The Times Literary Supplement* was impressed in his review of 16 May 1942 with the female view of life injected into the solution of the crimes. "Some devoted souls may sigh for Hercule Poirot, but there are bound to be others who will be glad to find his place taken in the 'new Agatha Christie' by Miss Marple. What this relief signifies is that professional detectives are no match for elderly spinsters (not all so elderly), with some training in looking under the antimacassar, who are now very much in fashion. Even while making full allowance for this we find it hard not to be impressed by old-maid logic. When Miss Marple says, 'The dress was *all* wrong,' she is plainly observing facts hidden from the masculine eye – facts which are of a very lively interest. *The Body in the Library* should turn Hendon College co-educational."

Maurice Richardson was not as impressed with Christie's efforts in his 17 May 1942 review in *The Observer* when he concluded: "Ingenious, of course, but interest is rather diffuse and the red herrings have lost their phosphorescence."

An unnamed reviewer in the *Toronto Daily Star* (21 March 1942) wrote that "It doesn't take long to read this one, but the two killings in it are made so mysterious that you will not want to lay the book down until the killer is caught." The reviewer concludes, "Police do a lot of probing, but it is the shrewd reasoning – intuition perhaps – of Jane Marple that finds the missing link and discloses a diabolical plot."

Robert Barnard, writing in 1990, had a positive view of this novel. He calls the plot situation classic rather than clichéd. It was a "bravura performance on a classic situation". The shift of locations of action, from Miss Marple's village to a seaside resort hotel, were good for the story, "St Mary Mead regulars figure in the case, pleasantly diversified by fashionable seaside hotel guests and the film crowd." The question he raised involves the likelihood of the crimes and the manner of solving them, which he found better than a mystery written over 30 years later by another author, saying that "If you think what happens to the body after death is unlikely, try the more 'realistic' P.D. James' *An Unsuitable Job for a Woman*, published 30 years later."

## Allusions

In Chapter 8, the author gives herself a mention from the mouth of the young boy, Peter Carmody. Explaining that he enjoys reading detective stories, Peter says that he has the autographs of Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, John Dickson Carr, and H. C. Bailey.

In Chapter 9, Colonel Melchett states that "there's still one thing to be done. *Cherchez l'homme*." It is referred to as a joke in the book, and is possibly a reference to Hercule Poirot, Christie's other famous sleuth. However, it is more likely a reference to the popular phrase *cherchez la femme*, meaning that there is frequently a woman behind a man's behaviour and motives in detective stories; since in this novel the victim was a girl, who was presumed to have a male lover, the phrase was changed jokingly by the detective.

While explaining how she concluded who the murderers were and how the widowed Mr Jefferson became so quickly enamoured of a girl while knowing so little of her, Miss Marple mentions the old story *The King and the Beggar-maid* as a model for instant emotional reaction. All the other characters in the novel she finds to have acted like someone she knew from life in her village.

In Christie's *Cards on the Table*, published six years earlier, Anne Meredith knows Ariadne Oliver as the writer of a book called *The Body in the Library*.

## Film, TV, radio or theatrical adaptations

### Television

#### BBC adaptation

The 1984 television film *The Body in the Library* was part of the BBC series of *Miss Marple*, with Joan Hickson making the first of her appearances in the role of Jane Marple. The adaptation was transmitted in three parts between 26–28 December 1984, and only had a few changes made to it from the novel:

* The character of Superintendent Harper was omitted.
* The discovery of George Bartlett's destroyed car was turned into an entire sub-plot: it is found by Malcolm, a boy with learning difficulties from St Mary Mead (who was not in the original novel) who struggles to communicate his discovery — the first part ends with Malcolm confirming that there is a corpse in the car; the car itself is changed from a Minoan 14 to a Vauxhall Coaster.
* In the novel, we do not know that the police directly suspect Basil Blake until the chapter where he is arrested. In this adaptation, he becomes suspected by the police much earlier when they find out he lied about his whereabouts; there is an additional scene where he is lured to the police station to give a statement so that the police can analyse his car; he also tells his wife the truth about the body being in his house before Miss Marple visits him.
* The amount of money left to Ruby was changed from £50,000 to £100,000.

#### ITV adaptation

A second adaptation of the novel was made in 2004 by ITV, as part of its ongoing *Agatha Christie's Marple* series. This adaptation starred Geraldine McEwan as Miss Marple, James Fox as Colonel Bantry, Joanna Lumley as Dolly Bantry, Ian Richardson as Conway Jefferson, and Jamie Theakston as Mark Gaskell. While this adaptation was largely faithful to the original novel, there were several changes:

* Josie's accomplice and lover is Jefferson’s daughter-in-law Adelaide, not his son-in-law Mark Gaskell as in the novel.
* The date is changed to after the Second World War, with two related changes:
    + Conway's wife and children were killed by a V-2 strike, not in a plane crash (this is shown in a prologue scene).
    + Mark, Frank, and Peter's father Mike were all RAF pilots in the war.
* The characters of Clithering, Edwards, and McLean are omitted.
* Conway sees the snapshot of Blake that falls out of Ruby's handbag, as in the previous adaptation.
* The drugging of the first victim is revealed later.
* Miss Marple's explanation of the crime comes before the trap to catch the killers, rather than after.

#### French adaptation

A third adaptation appeared as the ninth episode of French television series *Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie*. The episode first aired in 2011.

#### Korean adaptation

A fourth adaptation aired as part of the 2018 Korean television series, *Ms. Ma, Nemesis*.

### Radio

A radio adaptation was produced for BBC Radio 4 in 1999. The production was dramatised by Michael Bakewell and directed by Enyd Williams.

The cast list featured June Whitfield as Miss Marple, Richard Todd as Colonel Melchett, Pauline Jameson as Dolly Bantry, Jack Watling as Colonel Bantry, Graham Crowden as Sir Henry Clithering, and Ben Crowe as George Bartlett.

## Publication history

* 1941, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), February 1942, Hardback, 245 pp
* 1941, Collins Crime Club (London), May 1942, Hardback, 160 pp
* 1946, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, (Pocket number 341), 152 pp
* 1953, Penguin Books, Paperback, (Penguin number 924), 190 pp
* 1959, Pan Books, Paperback, 157 pp (Great Pan G221)
* 1962, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 191 pp
* 1972, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 305 pp; ISBN 0-85456-102-1
* 2005, Marple Facsimile edition (Facsimile of 1942 UK first edition), 7 November 2005, Hardcover; ISBN 0-00-720844-8

The novel was first serialised in the US in *The Saturday Evening Post* in seven parts from 10 May (Volume 213, Number 45) to 21 June 1941 (Volume 213, Number 51) with illustrations by Hy Rubin.

## InfoBox

The Body in the Library
| Dust-jacket illustration of the US (true first) edition. See *Publication history* (below) for UK first edition jacket image. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Agatha Christie |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Crime novel |
| Publisher | Dodd, Mead and Company |
| Publication date | February 1942 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 245 (first edition, hardcover) |
| Preceded by | *N or M?* (publication)*
The Murder at the Vicarage* (series) |
| Followed by | *Five Little Pigs* (publication)*
The Moving Finger* (series) |


title: Trevor Plouffe

abstract: Trevor Patrick Plouffe is an American media personality and former professional baseball third baseman. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Oakland Athletics, Tampa Bay Rays, and Philadelphia Phillies. Plouffe was drafted by the Twins out of high school as a shortstop with the 20th overall pick in the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft. After beginning his MLB career as a shortstop for the Twins in 2010, Plouffe has appeared at every position except for pitcher, catcher, and center fielder.

text:
# Trevor Plouffe

**Trevor Patrick Plouffe** (/plf/ *PLOOF*; born June 15, 1986) is an American media personality and former professional baseball third baseman. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Oakland Athletics, Tampa Bay Rays, and Philadelphia Phillies. Plouffe was drafted by the Twins out of high school as a shortstop with the 20th overall pick in the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft. After beginning his MLB career as a shortstop for the Twins in 2010, Plouffe has appeared at every position except for pitcher, catcher, and center fielder.

## Amateur career

Born in Los Angeles, Plouffe attended Crespi Carmelite High School in Encino, the alma mater of former major leaguers Jeff Suppan and Rick Dempsey. As a star shortstop and right-handed pitcher, Plouffe led Crespi to their first section baseball championship in 2003 as a junior and also held a 3.85 GPA. In 2003 he was 12-1 with an 0.71 ERA, and batted .500 with six home runs and 47 RBIs. In 2004 he was 12-2 with an 0.86 earned-run average as a pitcher, and batted .481 with a .633 OBP, six home runs, and 29 runs batted in. At Crespi High, Plouffe was named a 2004 *Collegiate Baseball News* High School All-American as a senior.

## Professional career

### Minor leagues

Plouffe was drafted by the Minnesota Twins out of high school as a shortstop with the 20th overall pick in the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft, and turned down a scholarship to Stanford University to play baseball. After signing for $1.5 million, Plouffe spent the 2004 season with the Rookie-level Elizabethton Twins. He batted .283/.340/.380 and was named the league's sixth-best prospect by *Baseball America*.

Plouffe spent 2005 with the Class A Midwest League's Beloit Snappers, where he batted .223/.300/.345 and was again recognized as one of the league's top prospects, this time ranking 12th overall.

In 2006, Plouffe played for the Class A-Advanced Fort Myers Miracle of the Florida State League, batting .246/.333/.347. During the season, he played third base in 25 games, the first time he had played a position other than shortstop as a professional.

In 2007, Plouffe was promoted to the Double-A New Britain Rock Cats. He was chosen as the Twins' Minor League Player of the Week (April 27 – May 3), Eastern League Player of the Week (May 28 – June 3) and an Arizona Fall League Rising Star. In the Eastern League he batted .274/.326/.410, and was third in doubles (37).

Plouffe split the 2008 season between the Rock Cats and Triple-A Rochester Red Wings, where he hit a combined .262/.308/.415 with nine home runs and 60 RBIs. With the Red Wings, he was used at second base as well as third base and shortstop. After the season, on November 20, Plouffe was added to the Twins' 40-man roster.

In 2009, Plouffe spent the entire year in Rochester. He also returned to playing shortstop full-time while batting .260/.313/.407 in 118 games.

### Major leagues

#### Minnesota Twins

After starting the 2010 season with Rochester, he was called up to the Twins on May 20, replacing pitcher Jeff Manship on the 25-man roster. Plouffe started his first major league game for the Twins on May 21 against the Milwaukee Brewers, singling and driving in a run in his first big league at bat. Plouffe finished the season playing a total of 22 games while hitting just .146 in 41 at bats.

Plouffe returned to the Red Wings at the start of the 2011 season. After a fast start in which he batted .282 with 6 home runs in 21 games, Plouffe was called up on May 6. That day, he started at shortstop against the Boston Red Sox, and in his first at bat hit a home run over the Green Monster off of Tim Wakefield. In 81 games, Plouffe hit 8 home runs while hitting .238/.305/.392 for the Twins.

After starting the 2012 season poorly, Plouffe embarked on a power surge at mid-season, hitting 11 home runs in the month of June. He became the Twins' everyday third baseman after Danny Valencia was demoted to Triple-A Rochester in early May. Plouffe hit a career-high 24 home runs while batting .235/.301/.455 in 119 games. He led the AL in errors, with 19.

Plouffe was the starting third baseman for most of the 2013 season and played 129 games. He was somewhat inconsistent in both hitting and fielding despite hitting a career-high .254 for the Twins.

Plouffe established career highs in several offensive categories in 2014, as well as improving his defense tremendously. He hit .258/.328/423 with a career-high 40 doubles (4th in the AL), leading the team in both latter categories.

In 2015 he batted .244/.307/.435 with 22 home runs, and led the majors by grounding into 28 double plays. Plouffe had a career-high 74 runs and 86 RBIs.

In 2016 Plouffe batted .260/.303/.420 with 12 home runs and 47 RBIs. He was outrighted off the Twins roster after the 2016 season and became a free agent.

#### Oakland Athletics

On January 18, 2017, Plouffe signed a one-year contract with the Oakland Athletics. He was designated for assignment on June 15, 2017.

#### Tampa Bay Rays

On June 17, 2017, the Tampa Bay Rays acquired Plouffe for cash considerations. The team designated Plouffe for assignment on August 22. Between Oakland and Tampa Bay he batted .198/.272/.318.

#### Texas Rangers

On February 12, 2018, Plouffe signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers. He was released on March 23, and signed a new minor league contract with the Rangers on March 26. On April 10, Plouffe asked for and was granted his release from the Rangers organization.

#### Philadelphia Phillies

On April 23, 2018, Plouffe signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. He had his contract purchased by the Phillies on July 10. On July 24, Plouffe hit a walk-off home run off Los Angeles Dodgers' second baseman Enrique Hernández in the bottom of the 16th to give the Phillies a 7–4 win in a game that took just over 6 hours to complete (the game ended at around 1 am local time). It was the first walk-off home run to be hit off a position player in MLB history. Plouffe was designated for assignment on July 31, 2018, and sent outright to the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs on August 5. For the season with the Phillies, he was 3 for 12. Plouffe declared free agency on October 5, 2018. In the major leagues through 2018, he had played 611 games at third base, 55 games at shortstop, 47 games at first base, 27 games at second base, 27 games in right field, and 5 games in left field.

On February 20, 2019, Plouffe re-signed with the Phillies to a minor league deal. However, he was released prior to the start of the season on March 21, 2019.

### Media career

In April 2020, following an investment in Jomboy Media, Plouffe joined the network as a co-host and analyst on the podcast/YouTube show "Talkin' Baseball", co-hosted by Jimmy "Jomboy" O'Brien and Jake Storiale. The trio discuss "everything in Major League Baseball and the wide world of baseball several times per week." He also launched a YouTube show as a part of the same network called "Sequence with Trevor Plouffe" where he "brings former teammates and guests from around baseball to break down past performances." Plouffe currently hosts a daily baseball show with former MLB Network personality Chris Rose called "Baseball Today" where the two break down the latest baseball news.

## Personal life

Plouffe and his wife Olivia were married at Pepperdine University's Stauffer Chapel. They have two children.

The Plouffes reside in Point Richmond, Richmond, California.

## InfoBox

| Trevor Plouffe | |
| --- | --- |
| Plouffe with the Minnesota Twins | |
| **Third baseman** | |
| **Born:**  (1986-06-15) June 15, 1986<br>West Hills, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| May 21, 2010, for the Minnesota Twins | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 26, 2018, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .242 |
| Home runs | 106 |
| Runs batted in | 379 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Medals      Men's baseball  Representing  United States  Baseball World Cup  2009 Nettuno  National team | |


title: Michael Petri (footballer)

abstract: Michael Petri is a German former professional footballer who played as a striker. He spent much of his career in the South-west region, but also played for VfL Osnabrück, for whom he made 25 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga.

text:
# Michael Petri (footballer)

**Michael Petri** (born 23 November 1977) is a German former professional footballer who played as a striker. He spent much of his career in the South-west region, but also played for VfL Osnabrück, for whom he made 25 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga.

## InfoBox

Michael Petri
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1977-11-23) 23 November 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Germany | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SV Röchling Völklingen<br>(assistant manager) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–1992 | Rot-Weiß Hasborn | | |
| 1992–1996 | 1. FC Saarbrücken | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–2000 | 1. FC Saarbrücken | 31 | (3) |
| 2000–2002 | VfL Osnabrück | 50 | (6) |
| 2002–2006 | SV Elversberg | 41 | (1) |
| 2006–2010 | FC Homburg | 112 | (38) |
| 2010–2011 | RW Hasborn-Dautweiler | 32 | (14) |
| 2011–2012 | SV Röchling Völklingen | 26 | (7) |
| Total |  | **292** | **(69)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |