title: Men in Pain

abstract: Men in Pain is a TVB modern drama series broadcast in June 2006.

text:
# Men in Pain

***Men in Pain*** (Traditional Chinese: 男人之苦) is a TVB modern drama series broadcast in June 2006.

## Synopsis

Hong Tin-Yam (Damian Lau) is happily married to his second wife Wong Dak-Kiu (Louisa So), but one day he discovers that he cannot perform in the bedroom. He asked a female friend, Au Yeung Lei-Lei (Akina Hong), to help him out and confirmed that he was in fact impotent. Tin-Yam did not want his wife to find out about his problem causes Dak-Kiu to think that he is cheating on her, and leading to their divorce.

On the other hand, Tin-Yam's son, Hong Sai-Hei (Ron Ng) spends a night with Dak-Kiu's student, Ko Fun (Toby Leung) during an excursion. Ko Fun discovers that she is pregnant and seeks Sai-Hei's help. Both their parents are furious but eventually the two young couples get married. Ko Fun is stressed with handling the baby and her school courseload, while Sai-Hei is worried that he cannot afford to put food on the table.

How will these two men overcome their pain of manhood...?

## Cast

| Cast | Role | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Damian Lau** | Hong Tin-Yam
康天任 | Wong Dak-Kiu's husband.
Hong Sai-Hei's father. |
| **Louisa So** | Wong Dak-Kiu
黃德蕎 | Teacher
Hong Tin-Yam's second wife.
Hong Sai-Hei's stepmother. |
| **Ron Ng** | Hong Sai-Hei
康世熙 | Hong Tin-Yam's son.
Ko Fun's husband. |
| **Toby Leung** | Ko Fun
高芬 | Hong Sai-Hei's wife. |
| Wu Fung | Wong Kai-Cheung
黃啟昌 | Wong Dak-Kiu, Wong Dak-Lan, and Wong Dak-Wai's father. |
| Rebecca Chan | Wong Dak-Lan
黃德蘭 | Wong Dak-Kiu and Wong Dak-Wai's older sister. |
| Lee Shing-Cheung | Li Chun-Chi
李振馳 | Wong Dak-Lan's husband. |
| Florence Kwok | Wong Dak-Wai
黃德蕙 | Wong Dak-Kiu and Wong Dak-Lan's younger sister. |
| Law Lok Lam (羅樂林) | Ko Wai
高威 | Ko Fun's father. |
| Rocky Cheng (鄭健樂) | Shek Hak-Lung (Rocky)
石克龍 | Ko Fun's uncle. |
| Patrick Dunn | Yeung Jin-Cheung
楊展翔 | Wong Dak-Kiu's colleague. |
| Akina Hong (康華) | Au Yeung Lei-Lei
歐陽莉莉 | Hong Tin-Yam's friend. |

## Viewership ratings

|  | Week | Episode | Average Points | Peaking Points | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | June 13–16, 2006 | 1 — 4 | 28 | 29 |  |
| **2** | June 19–23, 2006 | 5 — 9 | 30 | 34 |  |
| **3** | June 26–30, 2006 | 10 — 14 | 32 | 36 |  |
| **4** | July 3–7, 2006 | 15 — 19 | 32 | 36 |  |
| **4** | July 9, 2006 | 20 — 21 | 38 | 39 |  |

* TVB.com *Men in Pain* \- Official Website (in Chinese)

## InfoBox

| *Men in Pain* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promo poster | |
| 男人之苦 | |
| Genre | Modern Drama |
| Starring | Damian Lau
Ron Ng
Louisa So
Toby Leung |
| Ending theme | "金剛" by
Ron Ng |
| Country of origin | Hong Kong |
| Original language | Cantonese |
| No. of episodes | 21 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 45 minutes (approx.) |
| Original release | |
| Network | TVB |
| Release | June 13 (2006-06-13)
July 9, 2006 (2006-07-09) |
| Related | |
| La Femme Desperado (2006) | |


title: Gamay Beaujolais

abstract: Gamay Beaujolais is a varietal designation for a Californian grape variety, an early ripening clone of Pinot noir. It is named after the Gamay grape from Beaujolais.

text:
# Gamay Beaujolais

**Gamay Beaujolais** is a varietal designation for a Californian grape variety, an early ripening clone of Pinot noir. It is named after the Gamay grape from Beaujolais.

## History

In the late 1930s, an early pioneer of the American viticulture, Paul Masson, brought with him several Burgundian grapes for his winery in California. One of those grapes he believed to be the Gamay variety from the Beaujolais region in France, which in the 1940s University of California at Davis (UCD) researchers christened "Gamay Beaujolais".

In the late 1960s, UCD scientists decided that Gamay Beaujolais was a clonal selection of Pinot noir, and that California's version of the true Gamay was in fact the Napa Gamay.

Moreover, Masson's Napa Gamay was found to not be a Gamay at all, but the Valdiguié grape from Languedoc-Roussillon.

### Label ban

The US Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) subsequently discouraged the use of the term "Gamay Beaujolais" and ruled that, from 1997, it could only be used as a secondary designation on wines made from more than 75% Pinot noir or Valdiguié. Since April 2007, the term "Gamay Beaujolais" has been banned from labels in the United States.


title: Gamawan Fauzi

abstract: Gamawan Fauzi is an Indonesian politician. He served as Minister of Home Affairs between 2009 and 2014, and as Governor of West Sumatra between 2005 and 2009.

text:
# Gamawan Fauzi

**Gamawan Fauzi** (born 9 November 1957) is an Indonesian politician. He served as Minister of Home Affairs between 2009 and 2014, and as Governor of West Sumatra between 2005 and 2009.

## Career

Fauzi was the Minister of Home Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet and head of the Department of Home Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He was the first non military individual that held the position since PNI cadre, Sanusi, in the late 1950s. He holds a bachelor's degree from the Andalas University School of Law in Padang. He won the Bung Hatta Award for his efforts to battle corruption. Despite having been supported by the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle in his successful election campaign for the governorship of West Sumatra, he supported Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of the rival Democrat Party in the 2009 Indonesian presidential election. He achieved the ideals ambitions commonly held by a civil service by having experiences to designated as a Regent, a Governor and finally a Minister of Home Affairs . “I am among the lucky officer. During the past 10 years, I experienced the era of five presidents since Suharto era until Yudhoyono."

1. Mietzner, Marcus (2013-11-06). *Money, Power, and Ideology: Political Parties in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia*. Asian Studies Association of Australia. ISBN 9789971697686.
2. "United Indonesia Cabinet 2009-2014". *The Jakarta Post*. 2009-10-22. p. 3.
3. http://www.dpd.go.id/en/artikel-gamawan-fauzi-saudara-terdekat-kami-adalah-dpd. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)

## InfoBox

| Gamawan Fauzi | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait, 2009 | |
|  | |
| 27th Minister of Home Affairs | |
| **In office**
22 October 2009  20 October 2014 | |
| President | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono |
| Preceded by | Mardiyanto |
| Succeeded by | Tjahjo Kumolo |
| 8th Governor of West Sumatra | |
| **In office**
15 August 2005  22 October 2009 | |
| Deputy | Marlis Rahman |
| Preceded by | Zainal Bakar |
| Succeeded by | Marlis Rahman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1957-11-09) 9 November 1957
Solok, West Sumatra,
Indonesia |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse | Vita Gamawan Fauzi |
| Children | Idola Prima Gita
Gina Dwi Fachria
Gian Gufran |
| Alma mater | Andalas University
State University of Padang |
|  | |


title: Mendes, Georgia

abstract: Mendes is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Tattnall County, Georgia, United States. Its population was 124 as of the 2020 census. Georgia State Route 169 passes through the community.

text:
# Mendes, Georgia

**Mendes** is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Tattnall County, Georgia, United States. Its population was 124 as of the 2020 census. Georgia State Route 169 passes through the community.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 122 |  |  |
| 2020 | 124 |  | 1.6% |
| 1980-2000
2010 2020 | | | |

Mendes was first listed as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. Census.

**Mendes, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
| Race / Ethnicity (*NH = Non-Hispanic*) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 119 | 115 | 97.54% | 92.74% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 7 | 0.00% | 5.65% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 1 | 0.00% | 0.81% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 1 | 1 | 0.82% | 0.81% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2 | 0 | 1.64% | 0.00% |
| **Total** | **122** | **124** | **100.00%** | **100.00%** |

## InfoBox

| Mendes, Georgia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community
Census-designated place | |
| Mendes, Georgia | |
| Coordinates: 31°59′56″N 81°58′26″W / 31.99889°N 81.97389°W / 31.99889; -81.97389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| County | Tattnall |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.61 sq mi (1.59 km2) |
| Land | 0.60 sq mi (1.57 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2) |
| Elevation | 174 ft (53 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 124 |
| Density | 204.96/sq mi (79.13/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 30427 |
| Area code | 912 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2587039 |


title: William H. Dabney

abstract: William Howard Dabney was a colonel in the United States Marine Corps. He was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in the Vietnam War. He also served as the Commandant of Cadets at Virginia Military Institute (VMI) from 1989 to 1990.

text:
# William H. Dabney

**William Howard Dabney** (September 28, 1934 – February 15, 2012) was a colonel in the United States Marine Corps. He was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in the Vietnam War. He also served as the Commandant of Cadets at Virginia Military Institute (VMI) from 1989 to 1990.

## Biography

Dabney was born as William Wagner in Saint John New Brunswick, Canada on September 28, 1934, to Victor William Wagner (1894–1972) and Mary Hennessey Wagner (1902–1990). His mother remarried Hugh Keane Dabney (1893-1972) on May 5, 1945, in Henrico Co., Virginia and his surname was changed to Dabney. He was raised in Panama and Gloucester County, Virginia, graduating from Christchurch School in Middlesex County, Virginia in 1953. He attended Yale University 1953–54, then enlisted in the USMC, and later graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1961 and was an initiate of the Beta Commission of Kappa Alpha Order. In that same year, Dabney married Virginia McCandlish Puller, daughter of Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller in September 1961. Colonel Dabney is also a central character as then Captain and commanding officer on Hill 881 near Khe Sanh during the siege of Khe Sanh in the Historical Fiction novel titled "1968" by Kenton Michael.

### U.S. Marine Corps

He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) in 1954. He was discharged with the rank of sergeant and enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) in 1957. He attended Virginia Military Institute (VMI), graduating in 1961. He was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1960. He was married to Virginia McCandlish Puller in September 1961. She was the daughter of the legendary Marine Corps general, Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller.

### Vietnam

Dabney served two tours of duty in South Vietnam (RVN) during the Vietnam War. On his first tour from 1967 to 1968, he was in command of India Company, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, stationed on Hill 881 South during the Battle of Khe Sanh. Dabney was awarded the Silver Star for action on January 20, 1968, on Hill 881 South. In 2005, Dabney was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions on Hill 881 South from January 21 to April 14, 1968. He also received a Bronze Star Medal and a Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross for actions during that same time period. On his second tour from 1970 to 1971, he was a senior adviser for a Vietnamese Marine infantry battalion, Khe Sanh, South Vietnam. Dabney was awarded a second Bronze Star, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals, a Purple Heart Medal, and a second RVN Gallantry Cross.

### Post-Vietnam

He received the Defense Meritorious Service Medal during his service as Chief of the Combat Operations Center, National Emergency Airborne Command Post, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, 1980–1981.

He received the Legion of Merit while serving as Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battalion, Headquarters, Marine Corps, Henderson Hall, 1984–1987.

He also served as the Commandant of Cadets at Virginia Military Institute from 1989 to 1990 and was the Commanding Officer of VMI's NROTC Unit from 1987 to 1990. Dabney retired June 30, 1990.

### Death

Dabney died February 15, 2012, at his home in Lexington, Virginia.

## Decorations and awards

Colonel Dabney's military awards include:

> The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Colonel \[then Captain\] William H. Dabney (MCSN: 0-80399), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving as Commanding Officer of two heavily reinforced rifle companies of the Third Battalion, Twenty-Sixth Marines, THIRD Marine Division (Reinforced), Fleet Marine Force, in connection with operations against the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam from 21 January to 14 April 1968. During the entire period, Colonel Dabney's force stubbornly defended Hill 881S, a regional outpost vital to the defense of the Khe Sanh Combat Base. Following his bold spoiling attack on 20 January 1968, shattering a much larger North Vietnamese Army (NVA) force deploying to attack Hill 881S, Colonel Dabney's force was surrounded and cut off from all outside ground supply for the entire 77 day Siege of Khe Sanh. Enemy snipers, machine guns, artillery, and 120-millimeter mortars responded to any daylight movement on his position. In spite of deep entrenchments, his total casualties during the siege were close to 100 percent. Helicopters were his only source of resupply, and each such mission brought down a cauldron of fire on his landing zones. On numerous occasions Colonel Dabney raced into the landing zone under heavy hostile fire to direct debarkation of personnel and to carry wounded Marines to evacuation helicopters. The extreme difficulty of resupply resulted in conditions of hardship and deprivation seldom experienced by American forces. Nevertheless, Colonel Dabney's indomitable spirit was truly an inspiration to his troops. He organized his defenses with masterful skill and his preplanned fires shattered every enemy probe on his positions. He also devised an early warning system whereby NVA artillery and rocket firings from the west were immediately reported by lookouts to the Khe Sanh Combat Base, giving exposed personnel a few life saving seconds to take cover, saving countless lives, and facilitating the targeting of enemy firing positions. Colonel Dabney repeatedly set an incredible example of calm courage under fire, gallantly exposing himself at the center of every action without concern for his own safety. Colonel Dabney contributed decisively to ultimate victory in the Battle of Khe Sanh, and ranks among the most heroic stands of any American force in history. By his valiant combat leadership, exceptional bravery, and selfless devotion to duty, Colonel Dabney reflected great credit upon himself and upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.

### Silver Star citation

> The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Captain William H. Dabney (MCSN: 0-80399), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action while serving as Commanding Officer of Company I, Third Battalion, Twenty-Sixth Marines, THIRD Marine Division in connection with operations against the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam. On 20 January 1968, Captain Dabney deployed his unit into two elements and advanced north on two parallel ridge lines from Hill 881 South. After advancing approximately 1,000 meters, his unit came under fire from an estimated North Vietnamese Army battalion entrenched in fortified positions. Reacting instantly, he called in heavy supporting arms fire and directed accurate 106-mm. recoilless rifle fire which destroyed two hostile emplacements. When one of his platoons became pinned down by the intense enemy fire after seizing its objective, he aggressively advanced across 500 meters of open terrain with the remainder of his unit to relieve the beleaguered Marines. Completely disregarding his own safety, he repeatedly exposed himself to the enemy fire in order to pinpoint North Vietnamese automatic weapons positions. His bold initiative was instrumental in the destruction of a hostile .50 caliber machine gun which had shot down a medical evacuation aircraft. When Captain Dabney coordinated all his forces and evacuated all casualties, he ordered his men to withdraw and remained behind to provide covering fire until his men had reached the base of the hill. Only then did he leave the area to rejoin his unit. As a result of his aggressive actions, his company accounted for 103 North Vietnamese confirmed killed. By his courage inspiring leadership and selfless devotion to duty at great personal risk, Captain Dabney upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and of the United States Naval Service.

## InfoBox

| William Howard Dabney | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname(s) | Bill |
| Born | (1934-09-28)September 28, 1934
Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada |
| Died | February 15, 2012(2012-02-15) (aged 77)
Lexington, Virginia, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1954–June 30, 1990 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Commands | India Company (India & Mike Company, Hill 881S, Khe Sanh), 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, 3rd Marine Division (Reinforce) |
| Battles/wars | **Vietnam War** |
| Awards | Navy Cross
Silver Star Medal
Legion of Merit (2)
Bronze Star Medal (2)
Purple Heart Medal |
| Spouse(s) | Virginia McCandlish Puller |
| Other work | VMI commandant of cadets (1989–1990) |


title: William H. Dame

abstract: Colonel William Horne Dame was an American politician and Mormon military commander. He was one of the perpetrators of the Mountain Meadows Massacre.

text:
# William H. Dame

Colonel **William Horne Dame** (July 1819 – August 1884) was an American politician and Mormon military commander. He was one of the perpetrators of the Mountain Meadows Massacre.

## Biography

William Horne Dame was born in July 1819 in Farmington, New Hampshire to Jeremiah and Susan Horne Dame. In 1841, he was baptized into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Dame served as mayor of Parowan, Utah. He was a colonel, and controlled the military in Iron County, Utah. He was also a stake president of Parowan, Utah for The Mormon Church, alongside Isaac C. Haight. They were also both commanders of the Nauvoo Legion along with John D. Lee. In 1854, Dame and Haight said that they received a patriarchal blessing to massacre the Native Americans as redemption of Zion. During the Mountain Meadows Massacre, he ordered the women to be stripped, which they were. Dame was acquitted of his charges.

Dame served as a member of the territorial council for the 4th and 6th Utah Territorial Legislature in 1854 and 1856.

Dame died of paralysis in August 1884, aged 65.

## InfoBox

| William H. Dame | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Commanded | Mountain Meadows Massacre |
|  | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Horne Dame
July 1819
Farmington, New Hampshire |
| Died | August 1884 (aged 65) |
| Occupation | * Military commander * politician |
| Parents | Jeremiah Dame (father)
Susan Horne Dame (mother) |
|  | |


title: William Larimer Mellon Sr.

abstract: William Larimer Mellon Sr., sometimes referred to as W. L., was an American businessman who was active in Republican Party politics. A co-founder of Gulf Oil, he was a member of the prominent Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. According to The Miami News, "Politically, Mellon was known as the 'field marshal' for the Mellon political forces in the days preceding the New Deal.

text:
# William Larimer Mellon Sr.

**William Larimer Mellon Sr.** (June 1, 1868 – October 9, 1949), sometimes referred to as **W. L.**, was an American businessman who was active in Republican Party politics. A co-founder of Gulf Oil, he was a member of the prominent Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

According to *The Miami News*, "Politically, Mellon was known as the 'field marshal' for the Mellon political forces in the days preceding the New Deal.

## Formative years and family

Born as William Larimer Mellon in Pittsburgh on June 1, 1868, William L. Mellon was a son of James Ross Mellon and Rachel Larimer. His father was the second son of Judge Thomas Mellon, and his mother was a daughter of railroad and land baron William Larimer Jr.

After spending part of his childhood in the West with his uncle Andrew Mellon, who deeply influenced him, William L. Mellon married Mary Hill Taylor. They had four children: Matthew Taylor Mellon I, PhD (1897-1992), who was an American Studies professor at the University of Freiburg from 1928 to 1939; Rachel Mellon Walton (1899-2006), a philanthropist who became the longest serving board member of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra; Margaret Mellon Hitchcock (1901-1998), and William Larimer Mellon Jr., MD (1910-1989), a physician and humanitarian who established a medical mission in Haiti.

During the early 1900s, William Mellon purchased the *Vagabondia*, which was described by multiple news outlets as a "houseboat" and by *The Miami News* as a "sleek black yacht." During one of his trips on the yacht in 1913, he engaged in alligator hunting. The yacht later became a subject of frequent news reports when William's uncle Andrew W. Mellon and family began using it while Andrew was serving as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.

## Business and political career

During the 1880s, William L. Mellon developed an interest in the burgeoning petroleum industry in Pennsylvania, but he switched his business interests to the construction and operation of railway systems before the end of the decade when his nascent oil company was bought out by John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil in 1895.

Still involved in railway construction when the Mellon family invested in an oil well in Spindletop, Texas after oil was discovered there in 1901, Mellon resumed his interest in the oil industry in 1902 when he was sent to Texas by the family to investigate why that well had begun to decline. He then took on a progressively larger role in management.

In January 1907, Mellon helped established the Gulf Oil Corporation, which proceeded to build a pipeline from Oklahoma to Port Arthur, Texas; it was shipping Oklahoma crude oil to port by September. Gulf Oil expanded steadily thereafter, becoming one of the largest oil companies in the United States. William L. Mellon later became involved in Republican Party politics. During the fall of 1924, his name was in the news frequently as he testified during United States Senate hearings about potential political corruption. Known at the time as the Borah Committee hearings, these sessions were held to investigate expenditures of more than $3,451,000 that had allegedly been made by the Republican Party to influence voter opinions regarding various issues being debated at the federal level. Mellon subsequently served as chairman of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania from 1926 to 1928.

He retired from Gulf Oil in 1948.

## Philanthropy and legacy

In 1939, William L. Mellon Sr. established The W. L. and May T. Mellon Foundation. Ten years later, in 1949, Mellon donated six million dollars to establish the graduate school of industrial administration at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, which is today the David A. Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University.

In 1997, the W.L. Mellon Society was established in Mellon's honor within the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. Its mission is to encourage both individual and corporate matching gift donations to support the school's operations.

## Death, funeral and interment

Pre-deceased by his wife, Mary (Taylor) Mellon, William L. Mellon, Sr. died at home at the age of 81 at 2:00 p.m. on Saturday, October 9, 1949. Funeral services were held at his family's home on Darlington Road in Pittsburgh. He was interred in the Homewood Cemetery.

## Resolution of his estate

Following Mellon's death, his children were mentioned repeatedly in multiple newspapers across the United States, in both reports about his death and in reports of the probate of his multi-million-dollar estate, which was ultimately divided equally between the four children. In addition to ensuring that trust funds would be set up for each of his children in equal amounts after the payment of estate taxes, Mellon directed that $100,000 be given to the husband of his daughter, Rachel, and also arranged for $75,000 to be distributed among staff who were employed personally by Mellon at the time of his death. By the time that Mellon's $23,186,736 estate was finally settled during the summer of 1954, his four children were awarded just $246,317 each because the estate's final value had been reduced to $6,149,922 net, following the payment of taxes and estate administration costs.

## InfoBox

| William Larimer Mellon Sr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Mellon before a congressional committee
in October 1924 | |
|  | |
| Chairman of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania | |
| **In office**
June 15, 1926  May 12, 1928 | |
| Preceded by | Harry Baker |
| Succeeded by | Edward Martin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1868-06-01)June 1, 1868
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Died | October 9, 1949(1949-10-09) (aged 81)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Mary Hill Taylor |
| Children | Matthew Taylor Mellon I
Rachel Mellon Walton
Margaret Mellon Hitchcock
William Larimer Mellon Jr. |
| Occupation | Businessman |
|  | |


title: William Sellers

abstract: William Sellers was a mechanical engineer, manufacturer, businessman, noted abolitionist, and inventor who filed more than 90 patents, most notably the design for the United States standard screw thread, the standard bolt and machine screw thread still used today. As president of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sellers proposed the adoption of a system of screw threads which was easier for ordinary mechanics and machinists to cut than a similar design by Joseph Whitworth. For many years, he led the machine tool firm of William Sellers & Co., which was a very influential machine tool builder during the latter half of the 19th century.

text:
# William Sellers

**William Sellers** (September 19, 1824 – January 24, 1905) was a mechanical engineer, manufacturer, businessman, noted abolitionist, and inventor who filed more than 90 patents, most notably the design for the United States standard screw thread, the standard bolt and machine screw thread still used today. As president of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sellers proposed the adoption of a system of screw threads which was easier for ordinary mechanics and machinists to cut than a similar design by Joseph Whitworth. For many years, he led the machine tool firm of **William Sellers & Co.**, which was a very influential machine tool builder during the latter half of the 19th century.

## Family

Sellers was born in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, to John and Elizabeth (Poole) Sellers, into a Quaker family full of industrial and manufacturing innovators. His cousins include George Escol Sellers (1808–1899), an inventor holding patents for a hill-climbing locomotive, a pulp-paper process, converting steamboats to coal, and removing brine from salt water, and Coleman Sellers II (1827–1907), a five-term president of the Franklin Institute, who was instrumental in harnessing Niagara Falls for electricity.

Sellers was married in 1849 to Mary Ferris (1820–1870), with whom he had three children, Katherine (1852–1917), William (1856–1933), and Frances (1858–1859). He married again in 1873 to Amélie Haaszm (1842–1929), with whom he had another three children, Alexander (1875–1957), Richard (1881–1942), and Christine (1882–-1884). He died in his hometown on January 24, 1905, at the age of 81.

## Career

After receiving a private education in a family-run school, he began apprenticing at age fourteen with his uncle, J. Morton Poole, in a machine shop near Wilmington, Delaware. After seven years, he moved to Providence, Rhode Island, to run the shops of what eventually became the Corliss Steam Engine Company. Returning to West Philadelphia to start his own machine company, he eventually formed a partnership with his brother-in-law Edward Bancroft (1811–1855) in 1848. After Bancroft's death in 1855, Sellers incorporated as William Sellers & Co., which continued to operate until 1947 when it was sold to the Consolidated Machine Tool Corporation and relocated to Rochester, New York.

In 1847 Sellers was elected a member of the Franklin Institute, where he served as a member of the Board of Managers from 1857 to 1861 and again from 1864 to 1892, and as president from 1864 to 1867. At a meeting on September 15, 1864, he presented a uniform system of screw threads which with its angle and its flat top and bottom differed from Whitworth's British standard. Within a few years, the system had been adopted by the government workshops, leading railroad companies, prominent machine tool builders and others, under the various names of the United States, Sellers, or Franklin Institute Systems.

## Positions

## Awards

## InfoBox

| William Sellers | |
| --- | --- |
| Sellers in 1884 | |
| Born | September 19, 1824
Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania |
| Died | January 24, 1905(1905-01-24) (aged 80)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Known for | proposing United States standard system of screws, threads, and nuts |
| Spouses | * Mary Ferris * Amélie Haaszm |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: William MacGillivray

abstract: William MacGillivray FRSE was a Scottish naturalist and ornithologist.

text:
# William MacGillivray

**William MacGillivray** FRSE (25 January 1796 – 4 September 1852) was a Scottish naturalist and ornithologist.

## Life and work

MacGillivray was born in Old Aberdeen and brought up on Harris. He returned to Aberdeen where he studied Medicine at King's College, graduating MA in 1815. In Old Aberdeen he lived at 107 High Street.

He then became an assistant Dissector in the Anatomy classes. In 1823 he became assistant to Robert Jameson, the Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh. He was curator of the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1831, resigning in 1841 to become Regius Professor of Natural History at Marischal College, Aberdeen.

MacGillivray was a friend of American bird expert John James Audubon, and wrote a large part of Audubon's *Ornithological Biographies* from 1830 to 1839. Audubon named MacGillivray's warbler for him.

He died at 67 Crown Street in Aberdeen on 5 September 1852 but is buried in New Calton Cemetery in Edinburgh. The grave faces east onto the eastern path.

## Family

In 1820 he married Marion Askill from Harris. The couple had 10 children, two of whom died in infancy.

Two of MacGillivray's sons achieved recognition as naturalists. His eldest son, John MacGillivray (1822–1867), published an account of the voyage round the world of HMS *Rattlesnake*, to which he was the onboard naturalist. Another son, Paul, published an *Aberdeen Flora* in 1853, and donated 214 of his father's paintings to the Natural History Museum.

## Legacy

A detailed version of MacGillivray's life, written by a namesake, was published 49 years after the ornithologist's death.

MacGillivray correctly distinguished between the hooded crow and carrion crow, but they were considered only to be subspecies for the next one and a half centuries until, in 2002, on DNA evidence, the hooded crow was awarded species status.

## Works

MacGillivray's works include:

* *Lives of Eminent Zoologists from Aristotle to Linnaeus* (1830)
* *A Systematic Arrangement of British Plants* (1830)
* *The Travels and Researches of Alexander von Humboldt.* (1832)
* *A History of British Quadrupeds* (1838)
* *A Manual of Botany, Comprising Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology* (1840)
* *A History of the Molluscous Animals of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine* (1843)
* *A Manual of British Ornithology* (1840–1842)
* *A History of British Birds, indigenous and migratory*, in five volumes (1837–1852)
* *Natural History of Deeside and Braemar* (1855), published posthumously
* *A Hebridean Naturalist's Journal 1817-1818* (1996), published posthumously
* *A Walk to London* (1998), published posthumously

MacGillivray illustrated Henry Witham's 1833 *The Internal Structure of Fossil Vegetables found in the Carboniferous and Oolitic deposits of Great Britain*, and edited *The Conchologist's Text-Book* through several editions.

The standard author abbreviation W.MacGill. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## InfoBox

| William MacGillivray | |
| --- | --- |
| William MacGillivray in middle age,
probably in 1841
Collection of the University of Aberdeen | |
| Born | (1796-01-25)25 January 1796
Old Aberdeen |
| Died | 4 September 1852(1852-09-04) (aged 56)
Aberdeen |
| Resting place | Edinburgh |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Ornithology |
| Institutions | University of Aberdeen |
|  | |


title: William MacGillivray (politician)

abstract: William MacGillivray was an Australian politician. He was an independent member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1938 to 1956, representing the electorate of Chaffey. MacGillivray was born at Inverness in Scotland, the son of a blacksmith. He fought with the Royal Horse Artillery in Egypt and Palestine during World War I, but suffered badly from malaria when he returned home. He migrated to South Australia in 1922, taking advantage of a free passage offered to returned soldiers and hoping that the climate would improve his health. He thereafter became a fruitgrower at Barmera. He also served as chairman of the District Council of Cobdogla. MacGillivray was elected to the Legislative Assembly at the 1938 election, at which independent candidates won 14 of 39 seats and 40 percent of the primary vote, more than either of the major parties. MacGillivray was eventually defeated by Liberal and Country League candidate Harold King at the 1956 election after the LCL and the Labor Party exchanged preferences in order to dislodge him, a decision that saw an "intense struggle" within the LCL at the time. He had been seen as a "bitter critic" of the policies of the Playford LCL government.

text:
# William MacGillivray (politician)

**William MacGillivray** (14 December 1891 – 15 November 1975) was an Australian politician. He was an independent member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1938 to 1956, representing the electorate of Chaffey .

MacGillivray was born at Inverness in Scotland, the son of a blacksmith. He fought with the Royal Horse Artillery in Egypt and Palestine during World War I, but suffered badly from malaria when he returned home. He migrated to South Australia in 1922, taking advantage of a free passage offered to returned soldiers and hoping that the climate would improve his health. He thereafter became a fruitgrower at Barmera. He also served as chairman of the District Council of Cobdogla.

MacGillivray was elected to the Legislative Assembly at the 1938 election, at which independent candidates won 14 of 39 seats and 40 percent of the primary vote, more than either of the major parties. MacGillivray was eventually defeated by Liberal and Country League candidate Harold King at the 1956 election after the LCL and the Labor Party exchanged preferences in order to dislodge him, a decision that saw an "intense struggle" within the LCL at the time. He had been seen as a "bitter critic" of the policies of the Playford LCL government.


title: William Skinner (British Army officer)

abstract: Lieutenant-General William Skinner was Chief Royal Engineer of Great Britain from 1757 until his death in 1780. He is best known for his work on the fortifications of Menorca and Gibraltar although he considered his work on Fort George to be his "monument".

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# William Skinner (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-General **William Skinner** (1700 – 25 December 1780) was Chief Royal Engineer of Great Britain from 1757 until his death in 1780. He is best known for his work on the fortifications of Menorca and Gibraltar although he considered his work on Fort George to be his "monument".

## Life

Skinner was born in St. Kitts in 1700; his parents Thomas and Elizabeth died when he was young and he was adopted by his aunt, Mrs Lambert. She remarried Captain Talbot Edwards, chief engineer in Barbados and the Leeward Islands, who was later appointed Deputy Chief Engineer of Great Britain. He was educated in Paris and Vienna.

## Career

Skinner was accepted as a practitioner engineer on 11 May 1719. The next few years were spent working on defences in Devonport, Menorca and Gibraltar; his survey of the peninsula proved of great value during the 1727 Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar where he was rewarded with additional pay for his achievements. He was promoted steadily serving eventually as Director of engineering in Gibraltar.

In 1746 he was sent to Scotland where the government intended to increase the fortifications now that the Jacobite Rebellion had been ended. In 1751, he began work on Fort George which cost over 100,000 pounds and was made to Skinner's design. Skinner was to refer to the fort as his "monument" and would manage every detail which John Adam oversaw as the main contractor.

James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley became Governor of Gibraltar in 1756 and set about improving the fortifications. These changes came under the notice and criticism of Lord George Sackville and Skinner wrote a report describing their inefficiency and arbitrariness. The two of them attended the House of Commons in 1758 where O'Hara harangued Skinner who took the anger in good humour. There appears to have been no long term damage as O'Hara was given the rank of field marshal in 1763.

Skinner died in Greenwich still working on Christmas Day 1780. His widow, Margaret, and his granddaughter both received exceptional annuities as there was some regret that Skinner had not been as well as he might have been. Despite spending huge sums his personal wealth at his death was a single house and a £500 annuity. Skinner's son was drowned in 1861 but his grandson, William Campbell Skinner was a successful American engineer.

## InfoBox

| William Skinner | |
| --- | --- |
| William Skinner, ca 1730 | |
| Born | (1700-06-01)1 June 1700
St. Kitts |
| Died | 25 December 1780(1780-12-25) (aged 80)
Greenwich, London |
| Allegiance | Great Britain |
| Service/branch | Engineer |
| Years of service | 1719 to 1780 |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands | Chief Royal Engineer 1757 to 1780 |
| Battles/wars | **Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)**
Siege of Gibraltar
**Seven Years' War 1756–1763**
 |


title: William Skeoch Cumming

abstract: William Skeoch Cumming, was a Scottish watercolourist, mainly of portraits, military subjects and Scottish Military History. Between 1912 and his death, he turned his hand to the designing and production of four large tapestries.

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# William Skeoch Cumming

**William Skeoch Cumming** (28 December 1864 Edinburgh  10 April 1929 Edinburgh), was a Scottish watercolourist, mainly of portraits, military subjects and Scottish Military History. Between 1912 and his death, he turned his hand to the designing and production of four large tapestries.

## Life

He was the fourth son of John Cumming (1824–1908), also an artist, and Jane Skeoch, who was a cousin of Horatio McCulloch. William enjoyed sketching exercises with his father before studies at the Edinburgh School of Art and the Royal Scottish Academy School, and began his art career at the Theatre Royal as a scene painter. His sketches on Scottish life appeared in the Black & White magazine of 1896.

He served with the 19th Company Imperial Yeomanry (previously the East Lothian and Berwickshire Imperial Yeomanry) in the Boer War, commanded by Sir James Percy Miller (1864–1906), whose equestrian portrait he painted. On 23 February 1900 his company and two others boarded the *SS Carthaginian* layng at anchor on the River Clyde, and arrived at Cape Town on 19 March 1900. From here they were sent to various camps before being dispatched to the front. His watercolour sketches recorded incidents during the campaign and his portraits depicted characters involved in the war. More than 300 of his photographs are to be found at the Imperial War Museum.

Cumming returned from South Africa having suffered no more than a bout of dysentery. Once home he joined the Scottish Horse

From all accounts Cumming was a cheerful person, enjoying his freedom and his music. He lodged with his elder sister and her family and only married Belle Sutton, another watercolourist, shortly before his death. His studio was at 28 Queen Street before he moved to 31 Buckingham Terrace.

He is buried in the 20th century extension to Dean Cemetery near its centre.


title: William Smyth (professor)

abstract: William Smyth was an American academic and writer on mathematics and other subjects.

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# William Smyth (professor)

**William Smyth** (February 2, 1797 – April 3, 1868) was an American academic and writer on mathematics and other subjects.

## Early life

William Smyth was born in Pittston, Massachusetts (which became part of Maine is 1820) on February 2, 1797. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1822, then studied theology at Andover Theological Seminary.

## Career

In 1825, he became a professor of mathematics at Bowdoin College, and in 1846 became an associate professor of natural philosophy. The Bowdoin College Department of Mathematics Smyth Prize is named in his honor.

Smyth was an ardent abolitionist of slavery and supporter of the temperance movement. While at Bowdoin, Smyth supported the effort to the First Parish Church, which is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Personal life

Smyth married Harriet Porter, daughter of Mary (née Porter) and Nathaniel Coffin. They had nine children.

He died in Brunswick, Maine in April 1868. He is interred at Pine Grove Cemetery in Brunswick.

## Bibliography

Smyth wrote several widely used textbooks:

* Bowdoin College Catalogue 1840-1848. Bowdoin College Catalogue. George J. Mitchell Department of Special Collections & Archives. Bowdoin College Library.

## InfoBox

| William Smyth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1797-02-02)February 2, 1797
Pittston, Maine |
| Died | April 3, 1868(1868-04-03) (aged 71)
Brunswick, Maine |
| Education |  |
| Occupation | Academic |
| Spouse | Harriet Porter |
| Children | 9 |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: William Urwick the elder

abstract: William Urwick (1791–1868), the elder, was an English Congregational minister and author, for most of his life in Ireland. He was known in Dublin as the "little giant".

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# William Urwick the elder

**William Urwick** (1791–1868), the elder, was an English Congregational minister and author, for most of his life in Ireland. He was known in Dublin as the "little giant".

## Life

The son of William Urwick by his wife, Elinor Eddowes, he had Thomas Urwick as great-uncle and was born in Shrewsbury on 8 December 1791. He was educated at Worcester under Thomas Belsher, and in 1812 entered Hoxton Academy to study for the Congregational ministry under Robert Simpson.

In 1815 Urwick was invited to the pastorate of the church at Sligo in Ireland, and was ordained there on 19 June 1816. He undertook the converting of Roman Catholics, took the lead in philanthropic movements, and acted as secretary of the famine committee in 1824–5. He tried to prevent duelling, which was rife in the district.

Urwick was called in 1826 to the pastorate of the chapel in York Street, Dublin that had been built in 1808 by the Countess of Huntingdon's connexion. He filled the huge building, with many students attending. With Henry Harvey he was a pioneer of the temperance movement. In 1832 he was called to the chair of dogmatics and pastoral theology in the Dublin Theological Institute, a post which he filled, with his pastorate, for twenty years. The degree of D.D. was conferred on him the same year by Dartmouth College.

Preaching throughout Ireland, Urwick founded an Irish Congregational home mission, of which he acted as honorary secretary for some years; he agitated for home rule in church matters against the opposition of the Irish Evangelical Society of London with its paid officers. He was one of the founders of the Evangelical Alliance, inaugurated at Liverpool in 1845. He attended its meetings regularly, and spoke in Paris in 1855 and at Geneva in 1862.

Fifty years of Urwick's residence and work in Ireland was celebrated in November 1865, when a cheque for £2,000 was presented to him by Irish churches; some of it he gave to charities. He died in Dublin on 16 July 1868, aged 76.

## Works

Urwick's two major works appeared in 1839. *The Saviour's Right to Divine Worship* took the form of letters on the Unitarian controversy addressed to James Armstrong, then William Hamilton Drummond's colleague in Strand Street. *The Second Advent* opposed the premillennialism. In the "Papal Aggression" controversy of the 1850s, he published *The Triple Crown* (1852) on the papacy.

In 1829 Urwick published *The Evils, Occasions, and Cure of Intemperance*. He published in 1831 *The true Nature of Christ's Person and Atonement stated*, in reply to Edward Irving, and in the following year *One hundred Reasons from Scripture for believing in the Deity of Christ*. In 1835 he published *The Value and Claims of the Sacred Scriptures, and Reasons of Separation from the Church of Rome*. Archbishop Richard Whately having published a letter to his Church of Ireland clergy forbidding the holding of meetings at which extempore prayers were offered, Urwick issued a reply *Extemporary Prayer in Public Worship considered*, 1836.

Urwick also wrote a memoir of his friend Thomas Kelly the hymn-writer. He marked the bicentenary of the Act of Uniformity 1662 by *Independency in Dublin in the Olden Time* (1862), giving the lives of Samuel Winter, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, from 1650 to 1660; John Rogers of St. Bride's, John Murcot, and Samuel Mather. In March 1866 he published *Christ's World School*, essays in verse on Matt. xxviii. 18–20, and he left in manuscript two other poems, "The Inheritance of the Saints" and "My Sligo Ministry". His last book, *Biographic Sketches of James Digges La Touche*, the patron of Sunday schools in Ireland, appeared after his death. *A Father's Letters to his Son on coming of Age* was published by the Religious Tract Society in 1874.

Other works by Urwick were:

* *A Concise View of the Ordinance of Baptism*, 1822.
* *A Collection of Hymns*, 1829.
* *The Duty of Christians in regard to the use of Property*, 1836.
* *Thoughts suggested by the Ecclesiastical Movement in Scotland*, 1843.
* *Remarks on the Connection between Religion and the State*, 1845.
* A *Life* of John Howe, prefixed to *The Redeemer's Tears*, Howe's selected works, 1847, in the "Library of Puritan Divines" by Thomas Nelson.
* *A Voice from an Outpost*, two discourses on the "papal aggression", 1850.
* *China*, two lectures, 1854.
* *Earth's Rulers Judged*, on the death of Nicholas I of Russia, 1855.
* *History of Dublin*, for the Religious Tract Society.

## Family

On 16 June 1818 Urwick married Sarah (d. 1852), daughter of Thomas and Mary Cooke of Shrewsbury. They had ten children, five dying young. Of the two surviving sons, William Urwick the younger also became a minister.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Urwick, William". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: William Sarokin

abstract: William Sarokin is a semi-retired American sound engineer and documentary filmmaker. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound Mixing for the film Salt. He has worked on over 80 films since 1984.

text:
# William Sarokin

**William Sarokin** is a semi-retired American sound engineer and documentary filmmaker. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound Mixing for the film *Salt*. He has worked on over 80 films since 1984.

## Selected filmography

Simpson Street, 1977 director/editor

Housing Court, 1983, co-director

## InfoBox

| William Sarokin | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Sound engineer Documentary film maker |
| Years active | 1984  present |


title: William Y. Pemberton

abstract: William Y. Pemberton was the chief justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 1893 until 1899, succeeding Judge Henry N. Blake.

text:
# William Y. Pemberton

**William Y. Pemberton** (June 1, 1841 (1843 in some sources) – August 26, 1922) was the chief justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 1893 until 1899, succeeding Judge Henry N. Blake.

## Early life, education, and career

Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Pemberton was raised in Missouri. He attended the public schools, and the Masonic College at Lexington, Missouri before studying law at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee. Pemberton came to Virginia City, Montana in 1863, at the age of 22. He was "an active participant in the heroic efforts of the citizens of Virginia City to quench the spirit of fierce, murderous lawlessness that terrorized the mining camp".

In 1863, he was a stenographer at the trial of stagecoach robber George Ives. Pemberton was impressed with the performance of prosecution attorney William Fisk Sanders, the summation of which Pemberton would later remember as the most powerful that he ever heard.

## Judicial service and later life

Pemberton became a judge in Silver Bow, Montana in 1891, and the following year was nominated to be chief judge of the state supreme court by the Democrat and Peoples parties. He was elected Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court, serving in that capacity until 1899. He then returned to the practice of law, and in 1909 became librarian of the state historical society (Montana Historical Society), remaining that position until 1920, when infirmity compelled his retirement. He was the state's second chief justice, although there were several during the territorial period.

He died at Excelsior Springs, Missouri outside Kansas City after two years of illness.


title: Williams FW29

abstract: The Williams FW29 was a Formula One car, built by the Williams F1 team that competed in the 2007 Formula One season. It was driven by Alexander Wurz and Nico Rosberg. The car had a Toyota engine, making it only the second time in the team's history that a Japanese car manufacturer has supplied their engines; Honda had supplied the team during the period from 1983 to 1987.

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# Williams FW29

The **Williams FW29** was a Formula One car, built by the Williams F1 team that competed in the 2007 Formula One season. It was driven by Alexander Wurz and Nico Rosberg. The car had a Toyota engine, making it only the second time in the team's history that a Japanese car manufacturer has supplied their engines; Honda had supplied the team during the period from 1983 to 1987.

## Season performance

### Pre-season testing

The FW29 made its debut at the first testing session at Jerez, where Alexander Wurz completed 72 laps in the new Toyota powered car and was second fastest of a sixteen car session, only fractions slower than fastest Pedro de la Rosa of McLaren. "We had two cars on track straight away with Alex and Nico," said Sam Michael, Williams's Technical Director. "Completing 611km in total on the first running day with no issues with temperatures, vibrations etc., is a good start. Motivation within the team is really high and everyone is pushing hard to get the best out of the car before the first Grand Prix. Both drivers started testing different set-up packages before midday as there are some interesting new directions with this car and the Bridgestone Potenza tyres."

## Livery

The FW29 continued the blue and white colour scheme set by previous Williams cars with a number of sponsors, such as RBS and Reuters, being retained for the 2007 season along with a number of new sponsors, including the team's new title sponsors AT&T as well as Lenovo, a computer manufacturer from China.

## Chassis

The FW29 had a number of changes from the preceding FW28. The suspension was zero keel configuration, which had become industry standard. Other notable elements of the design included another step in the undercut of the sidepod leading edge, with top louvres for cooling. The engine and exhaust underwent improvements to address the reliability issues experienced in 2006 and a lower and narrower top deck for improved aerodynamic efficiency. The other prominent differences from the FW28 included large chimneys expressly for cooling at the season's first three races in Australia; Malaysia and Bahrain, and a narrower engine cover spine.

At the rear of the car, a twin pillar configuration supported a lighter and lower drag rear wing, now featuring FIA-mandatory slot gap separators to prevent deflection and a lower and wider rear impact structure as required by the regulations.

## Season review

The Williams FW29 was definitely an improvement over the disastrous Williams FW28, which only scored 11 points and was hugely unreliable. The FW29 proved a consistent challenger for points, but was well off the pace of the front running McLaren and Ferrari cars, and the new BMW Sauber team formed by Williams's old engine partners. Alexander Wurz had a mixed season, achieving an unlikely podium finish at the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix despite suffering a damaged rear wing caused by a collision with Vitantonio Liuzzi but had an unsuccessful second half of the season. However, Rosberg proved to be a faster driver, scoring frequent points finishes and consistently outpacing Wurz, particularly in the 2nd half of the season. Wurz decided to retire from F1 before the final race of the season, with test driver Kazuki Nakajima drafted in as his replacement. The team were classified in 4th place with 33 points, due to McLaren's expulsion from the Championship.

## Williams FW29B

Williams appeared with the FW29B at Jerez during the winter testing at in January 2008. The car was fitted with several aerodynamic changes which would be adopted on the FW30. Both Rosberg and Nakajima tested with the car.

## Complete Formula One results

(key) (results in **bold** indicate pole position)

| Year | Team | Engine | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Points | WCC |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | Williams | Toyota V8 |  |  | AUS | MAL | BHR | ESP | MON | CAN | USA | FRA | GBR | EUR | HUN | TUR | ITA | BEL | JPN | CHN | BRA | **33** | **4th** |
| | | | | Nico Rosberg | 7 | Ret | 10 | 6 | 12 | 10 | 16 | 9 | 12 | Ret | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | Ret | 16 | 4 | | |
| | | | | Alexander Wurz | Ret | 9 | 11 | Ret | 7 | 3 | 10 | 14 | 13 | 4 | 14 | 11 | 13 | Ret | Ret | 12 |  | | |
| | | | | Kazuki Nakajima | TD | TD |  |  |  | TD | TD |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | TD | 10 | | |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

Williams-Toyota FW29
| Nico Rosberg driving the FW29 at the 2007 British Grand Prix | |
| --- | --- |
| Category | Formula One |
| Constructor | Williams |
| Designer(s) | Sam Michael (Technical Director)
Ed Wood (Chief Designer)
Loïc Bigois (Chief Aerodynamicist) |
| Predecessor | Williams FW28 |
| Successor | Williams FW30 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Chassis | Monocoque construction fabricated from carbon aramid epoxy and honeycomb composite structure, surpassing FIA impact and strength requirements |
| Suspension (front) | Carbon fibre double wishbone arrangement, with composite toelink and pushrod activated torsion springs |
| Suspension (rear) | Double wishbone and pushrod activated torsion springs and rockers |
| Engine | Toyota RVX-07 2398 cc V8. Naturally aspirated mid-mounted |
| Transmission | Williams 7-speed, semi-automatic *seamless-shift* |
| Power | 755 hp @ 19,000 rpm |
| Fuel | Petrobras |
| Tyres | Bridgestone |
| Competition history | |
| Notable entrants | AT&T Williams |
| Notable drivers | 16.  Nico Rosberg
17.  Alexander Wurz
17.  Kazuki Nakajima |
| Debut | 2007 Australian Grand Prix |
| Last event | 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix |
| Races Wins Poles F/Laps  17 0 0 0 | |
| Constructors' Championships | 0 |
| Drivers' Championships | 0 |


title: William Wayne Paul

abstract:
William Wayne Paul (1939–1989) was an American martial artist, educator, psychologist and social/political activist. Born in Nevada County, California, Bill Paul lived in three group homes and attended four high schools during adolescence. He began his study of judo with Richard Takemoto in Oakland, continuing with Mits Kimura at the San Francisco Judo Institute from 1957 and competing successfully in numerous judo tournaments during the later 1950s and early 1960s. Between 1962 and 1964 he worked as a bouncer at Pierre's Bar in San Francisco's North Beach area.
Having spent time training in Japan, in late 1964 he was an alternate on the US Olympic judo team, and he captained the US team at the Pan American Games in Winnipeg during 1967. Thereafter he largely switched to the study of the Chinese martial arts, especially tai chi. It was also during the late 1960s that Paul became politically active. A keen photographer, he documented clashes between police and student protesters during the unrest at the San Francisco State University and was later reported to have defended Vietnam War protesters from assaults by angry onlookers during peace marches in San Francisco. Although a self-avowed pacifist with regards to violence as an instrument of state policy, he was notably drawn to interpersonal conflicts and he continued to work as a bouncer at several gay bars in San Francisco. Paul received a Master's Degree from San Francisco State University in 1974 and then a Doctorate of Education degree from Harvard University. His thesis was on the use of humane, nonviolent self defense, especially for workers in psychiatric institutions; a development of the self defense methods that he had taught to university students, gay activists and women's rights groups. He continued to refine this system, which combined elements of Chinese martial arts and judo with conflict de-escalation and resolution techniques, for the remainder of his life, eventually producing a VHS video guide for instructors in the system. During the 1980s Paul became increasingly politically active as an advocate of gay rights. He was a member of the Stonewall Democrats and took part in numerous protests, including being instrumental in the November 27, 1985 protest that inspired the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. He was also a vocal supporter of the Gay Games. He died in 1989 due to a brain tumor associated with HIV.

text:
# William Wayne Paul

**William Wayne Paul** (1939–1989) was an American martial artist, educator, psychologist and social/political activist.

Born in Nevada County, California, Bill Paul lived in three group homes and attended four high schools during adolescence. He began his study of judo with Richard Takemoto in Oakland, continuing with Mits Kimura at the San Francisco Judo Institute from 1957 and competing successfully in numerous judo tournaments during the later 1950s and early 1960s. Between 1962 and 1964 he worked as a bouncer at Pierre's Bar in San Francisco's North Beach area. Having spent time training in Japan, in late 1964 he was an alternate on the US Olympic judo team, and he captained the US team at the Pan American Games in Winnipeg during 1967. Thereafter he largely switched to the study of the Chinese martial arts, especially tai chi.

It was also during the late 1960s that Paul became politically active. A keen photographer, he documented clashes between police and student protesters during the unrest at the San Francisco State University and was later reported to have defended Vietnam War protesters from assaults by angry onlookers during peace marches in San Francisco. Although a self-avowed pacifist with regards to violence as an instrument of state policy, he was notably drawn to interpersonal conflicts and he continued to work as a bouncer at several gay bars in San Francisco.

Paul received a Master's Degree from San Francisco State University in 1974 and then a Doctorate of Education degree from Harvard University. His thesis was on the use of humane, nonviolent self defense, especially for workers in psychiatric institutions; a development of the self defense methods that he had taught to university students, gay activists and women's rights groups. He continued to refine this system, which combined elements of Chinese martial arts and judo with conflict de-escalation and resolution techniques, for the remainder of his life, eventually producing a VHS video guide for instructors in the system.

During the 1980s Paul became increasingly politically active as an advocate of gay rights. He was a member of the Stonewall Democrats and took part in numerous protests, including being instrumental in the November 27, 1985 protest that inspired the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. He was also a vocal supporter of the Gay Games.

He died in 1989 due to a brain tumor associated with HIV.

* Paul, William Wayne (1979) Aggression, control, and nonverbal communication: aspects of Asian martial arts. Harvard University.
* Smith, Robert W. (1999) Martial Musings: A Portrayal of Martial Arts in the 20th Century. Via Media Publishing, ISBN 1-893765-00-8


title: William Weatherford

abstract: William Weatherford, also known after his death as Red Eagle, was a Creek chief of the Upper Creek towns who led many of the Red Sticks actions in the Creek War (1813–1814) against Lower Creek towns and against allied forces of the United States. One of many mixed-race descendants of Southeast Indians who intermarried with European traders and later colonial settlers, William Weatherford was of mixed Creek, French, and Scots ancestry. He was raised as a Creek in the matrilineal nation and achieved his power in it, through his mother's prominent Wind Clan. After the war, he rebuilt his wealth as a slaveholding planter in lower Monroe County, Alabama.

text:
# William Weatherford

**William Weatherford**, also known after his death as **Red Eagle** (c.1765 – March 24, 1824), was a Creek chief of the Upper Creek towns who led many of the Red Sticks actions in the Creek War (1813–1814) against Lower Creek towns and against allied forces of the United States.

One of many mixed-race descendants of Southeast Indians who intermarried with European traders and later colonial settlers, William Weatherford was of mixed Creek, French, and Scots ancestry. He was raised as a Creek in the matrilineal nation and achieved his power in it, through his mother's prominent Wind Clan (as well as his father's trading connections). After the war, he rebuilt his wealth as a slaveholding planter in lower Monroe County, Alabama.

## Early life and education

William Weatherford was born in 1781 (Griffith Jr. analysis), near the Upper Creek towns of Cusseta. It is near the current Cusseta, Georgia, and was then a Koasati Indian town, near Hickory Ground (current Wetumpka, Alabama). His mother was Sehoy III, a "daughter of a Tabacha chieftain" and from "the most powerful and privileged of all the Creek clans," the Wind Clan (in Muscogee, the Creek language, *Hotvlkvlke* ). His father, Charles Weatherford, was a red-haired Scots trader and friend of the chieftain, and had married Sehoy III after the death of her first husband, Tory Col. John Tate, in the summer of 1780. Sehoy III was of mixed Creek, French and possibly Scottish descent. As the Creek had a matrilineal kinship system, Sehoy III's children were considered born into her clan. Charles Weatherford had a trading post near the Creek village, built a plantation, raised thoroughbred horses for racing, and contributed to his family as a trader.

Benjamin Hawkins, first appointed as United States Indian agent in the Southeast and then as Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the territory south of the Ohio River, lived among the Creek and Choctaw, and knew them well. He commented in letters to President Thomas Jefferson that Creek women were matriarchs and had control of the children "when connected with a white man." Hawkins observed that almost all of the traders, some wealthy, were likewise as "inattentive to their children as the Indians". As Griffith explains (based on John R. Swanton), the lack of fatherly concern was not an "unnatural indifference," given the Creek culture and clan kinship system, and which established a closer relationship of children to their mother's eldest brother (more so than with their biological father).

As a boy William Weatherford was called "Billy". After he showed his skill as a warrior, he was given the "war name" of *Hopnicafutsahia,* or "Truth Teller." He was the great-grandson of Captain Jean Marchand, the French commanding officer of Fort Toulouse, and Sehoy I, a Creek of the Wind clan.On his mother's side, he was a nephew of the mixed-race Creek chief, Alexander McGillivray, who was prominent in the Upper Creek towns.

Through his mother's family, Weatherford was a cousin of William McIntosh, who became a chief of the Lower Creek towns. The Lower Creek, who comprised the majority of population, lived closer to the European Americans and had intermarried with them, adopting more of their ways, as well as connecting to the market economy.

## Career

Weatherford learned traditional Creek ways and language from his mother and her clan, as well as English from his father. As a young man, he acquired a plantation in the Upper Creek territory, where he owned slaves, planted commercial crops, and bred and raced horses as did his father. He generally had good relations with both the Creek nationals and European Americans for years. He worried about the increasing number of the latter, who were encroaching on Creek land.

The Creek of the Lower Towns were becoming more assimilated, but the traditional elders and the people of the Upper Creek towns were more isolated from the European-American settlers. They kept more traditional ways and opposed the new settlements. Weatherford and other Upper Creek leaders resented the encroachment of settlers into their traditional Creek territory, principally in what the United States of America called the Mississippi Territory, which included their territory in present-day Alabama.

After the Americans improved the Trading Path as the National Road in 1811, more American settlers came into the hunting territory and laid claim to homesteads. Various bands of Creeks, especially among the Upper Creek, resisted in a number of armed conflicts. But most of the more assimilated Lower Creek towns were forced to make land concessions to the United States in 1790, 1802, and 1805.

The Lower Creek were among the Five Civilized Tribes who adopted some European-American style farming practices and other customs. As a result, most of the Creek managed to continue as independent communities while slowly becoming almost indistinguishable from other frontier families. The Upper Creek towns resisted the changes in the territory. In these debates, Weatherford counseled neutrality in the rise of hostilities. Conflict broke out within the Creek Nation between those who were adapting to assimilation and those trying to maintain the traditional leadership.

Leaders of the Upper Creek began diplomatic overtures with Spanish and British colonial officials to develop allies against the United States. In the debates in Creek councils, those advocating resistance ("war") rather than cooperation or assimilation became known as Red Sticks, and they soon became the dominant faction in Creek politics, which were highly decentralized. Red Stick bands went to Spanish Florida to purchase arms.

Americans learned that the Red Sticks were bringing back arms from Florida. Hastily organizing a militia, American frontiersmen intercepted and attacked a Red Stick party at Burnt Corn Creek. The latter were returning to the Upper Creek towns with arms purchased in Pensacola in present-day Florida. While the Alabama militia tried to secure the arms and ammunition in the Indian baggage train, the Red Sticks regrouped and fought off the Americans. In reaction to the United States attack on its men, the Creek "declared war" on the United States. Already involved in the War of 1812 against the US, the British encouraged the Creek resistance.

Weatherford joined the Red Sticks along the frontier, where they tried to repulse American settlers from Creek territory. In late August 1813, with Peter McQueen and other Red Sticks, Weatherford participated in a retaliatory attack on Fort Mims. It was a hastily built civilian stockade on the lower Alabama River, about 35 miles north of Mobile. Frontier American families and Lower Creek had retreated to the fort, which was ineptly guarded. The Red Sticks gained entry into the fort and massacred the Lower Creek, as well as European-American settlers, including women and children. Estimates are that they killed up to 500 persons. Some 35 individuals survived. As a prominent leader, Weatherford was held responsible for the massacre, although there are reports he tried to prevent it.

An Alabama militia followed up with another Ranger unit and maneuvered the Red Sticks into battle at the Battle of Holy Ground. Weatherford barely escaped capture, jumping from a bluff into the Alabama River while on horseback. Having repelled the Red Stick invasion in a number of skirmishes and forced them on the defensive, the Americans regrouped for a final offensive.

The federal government did not have forces to spare. Major General Andrew Jackson led a combined army of state militia from Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. Jackson's army finally isolated the main Red Stick Army along with hundreds of American hostages. Weatherford may have played a decisive role in rallying his forces and trying to save the hostages from death. In the finale of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Weatherford's rapid responses allowed various small bands of Red Sticks to regroup and fight a rear guard action, but the remainder of the Red Sticks were destroyed. Although the majority of the American hostages were saved, the retreating Red Sticks killed dozens of them.

Meanwhile, Weatherford and some other 200 Red Sticks escaped. Most of the Red Sticks retreated to Florida, where they joined the Seminole people, who had developed from Creek migrants and remnants of other tribes in the 18th century. Weatherford surrendered at Fort Jackson (formerly Fort Toulouse). Jackson spared Weatherford's life and used his influence and knowledge of Creek language to bring the other Upper Creek chiefs to a peace conference.

Weatherford negotiated a new peace through a new treaty with the US; although he had to accept a permanent reduction in Creek territory, he gained retention of most of their territory, including areas where they had homes. Weatherford subsequently moved to the southern part of Monroe County, Alabama, where he rebuilt his wealth as a planter. He died there in 1824. A decade later, the US forced removal of most of the Creek and other Indians from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River in Indian Territory (now Kansas and Oklahoma).

## Marriage and family

William Weatherford married Mary Moniac (c.1783 – 1804), who was also of mixed race. They had two children, Charles and Mary (Polly) Weatherford. After Mary's death, Weatherford married Sopethlina Kaney Thelotco Moniac (c.1783 – 1813). She died after the birth of their son, William Weatherford, Jr., born 25 December 1813. About 1817, Weatherford married Mary Stiggins (c.1783–1832), who was of Natchez and English heritage. They also had children, Alexander McGillivray Weatherford, Mary Levitia Weatherford, Major Weatherford (who died as a child), and John Weatherford.

Weatherford's nephew, David Moniac, son of his sister Elizabeth Weatherford, was the first Native American graduate of the United States Military Academy.

William Weatherford may have been a blood relative of the Shawnee Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa whose mother and father were of Creek and Shawnee lineages. Their relationship may have been the foundation of the strong alliance between Chief Red Eagle and Chief Tecumseh during the Indian Wars.

1. Griffith Jr., Benjamin W. (1988). *McIntosh and Weatherford, Creek Indian Leaders* (online ed.). Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0817303405. Retrieved March 6, 2017. Available online
2. Deer, Sarah (2013). "Muscogee Constitutional Jurisprudence: Vhakv Em Pvtakv". *Tulsa Law Review*. **49** (1): 130.
3. "Petition 20582202: To the Honbl H M Brackenridge Judge of the Superior Court of West Florida (BRACKENRIDGE, Henry M.)", *Race and Slavery Petitions Project*, Escambia County, Florida: The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, August 4, 1822, retrieved February 21, 2018

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| William Weatherford | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Creek Leader of the Red Sticks | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1765 or 1780
Koasati village |
| Died | March 24, 1824
Monroe County, Alabama |
| Nickname | Red Eagle |
| Military service | |
| Battles/wars |  |
|  | |


title: William Webster (theologian)

abstract: William Webster was a British priest in the Church of England and a theological writer.

text:
# William Webster (theologian)

**William Webster** (December 1689 – 4 December 1758) was a British priest in the Church of England and a theological writer.

## Life

Born at Cove, Suffolk in December 1689, was the son of Richard Webster (d. 1722), by his wife Jane, daughter of Anthony Sparrow; his father was a nonjuring clergyman, who later submitted and became vicar of Poslingford. Webster was educated at Beccles, and was admitted to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, on 2 March 1708. He graduated B.A. in 1712, M.A. in 1716, and D.D. in 1732.

Webster was ordained deacon on 24 June 1713 as curate of Depden in Suffolk, and priest on 26 February 1716 as curate of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London. Leaving St. Dunstan's in 1731, he was appointed in August 1732 to the curacy of St Clement, Eastcheap, and in February 1733 was presented to the rectory of Depden.

In July 1740 he was instituted to the vicarages of Ware, Hertfordshire and Thundridge, which he retained till his death, resigning his rectory and curacy. In later life he fell into great poverty. He died unmarried at Ware on 4 December 1758.

## Works

Webster was a voluminous writer. In 1723 he edited *The Life of General Monk* (London), from the manuscript of Thomas Skinner, contributing a preface in vindication of George Monck's character. A second edition appeared in 1724. In 1730 he translated ‘The New Testament, with Critical Remarks’ (London, 2 vols.), from the French of Richard Simon.

On 16 December 1732, under the pseudonym of ‘Richard Hooker of the Inner Temple,’ he began to edit a periodical entitled *The Weekly Miscellany*; not very successful, it was discontinued on 27 June 1741. From the number of religious essays it contained it became known as ‘Old Mother Hooker's Journal.’ It is known for the attacks made in its columns on William Warburton's *Divine Legation of Moses*. Webster's contributions to the controversy were republished probably in 1739, under the title of *Remarks on the Divine Legation*. They earned him a place in the *Dunciad*, Alexander Pope, in 1742, inserting a passage (bk. ii. l. 258) in which Webster was coupled with George Whitefield, who had also criticised Warburton.

In 1740, from materials furnished by a merchant, Webster published a pamphlet on the wool industry called *Consequences of Trade to the Wealth and Strength of any Nation, by a Draper of London*. It sold well and went into a fifth edition in 1741, the same year as Webster wrote a refutation of his own arguments, published under the pseudonym Andrew Freeport as *The Draper Confuted*.

Christopher Smart addressed to Webster his seventh ode, complimenting him on his ‘Casuistical Essay on Anger and Forgiveness’ (London, 1750). Other works were:

* ‘The Clergy's Right of Maintenance vindicated from Scripture and Reason,’ London, 1726; 2nd edit. 1727.
* ‘The Fitness of the Witnesses of the Resurrection of Christ considered,’ London, 1731.
* ‘The Credibility of the Resurrection of Christ,’ London, 1735.
* *A Complete History of Arianism from 306 to 1666. To which is added the History of Socinianism* translated from the French of Louis Maimbourg and Bernard Lamy, London, 1735, 2 vols.
* ‘Tracts, consisting of Sermons, Discourses, and Letters,’ London, 1745.
* ‘A Vindication of his Majesty's Title to the Crown,’ London, 1747.
* ‘A Treatise on Places and Preferments,’ London, 1757.
* ‘A plain Narrative of Facts, or the Author's case fairly and candidly stated’ (London, 1758), asking for money.

* Skedd, S. J. "Webster, William". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28948. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.). The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Webster, William". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Webster, William". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: William Weddell

abstract: William Weddell of Newby Hall in the parish of Skelton-on-Ure, near Ripon in the West Riding of Yorkshire, was a British landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1766 and 1792. He created a notable collection of antiquities including the Barberini Venus.

text:
# William Weddell

**William Weddell** (13 May 1736 – 30 April 1792) of Newby Hall in the parish of Skelton-on-Ure, near Ripon in the West Riding of Yorkshire, was a British landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1766 and 1792. He created a notable collection of antiquities including the Barberini Venus.

## Origins

He was born on 13 May 1736 as "William Elcock", the son and heir of Richard Elcock (d.1762) (who later adopted the surname of Weddell in lieu of his patronymic), later of Newby Hall, which he purchased in 1748. His great-uncle was Thomas Weddell of Earswick, Paymaster to the Navy, who made a large fortune during the South Sea Bubble.

## Career

He was educated at Dr. Newcome's Academy in Hackney, and later at St. John’s College, Cambridge (1753), at the expense of his great-uncle Thomas Weddell, who bequeathed his fortune to Richard Elcock on condition that he and William should change their surnames to Weddell. He trained as a lawyer at Gray's Inn in 1753. In 1762 whilst on the Grand Tour, William Weddell became heir to his father, his elder brother having died. William was thus in a position to start what became a renowned collection of classical antiquities, including the Barberini Venus, which sold in 2002 for £8 million. He upgraded and extended Newby Hall to house his collection.

He was elected a Member of Parliament for Kingston upon Hull in 1766, sitting until 1774. He was elected for Malton in 1775, serving until 1784, and again in 1784, serving until 1792.

## Marriage

He married Elizabeth Ramsden, a daughter of Sir John Ramsden, 3rd Baronet and a half-sister of Lady Rockingham, by whom he had no surviving children.

## Death and burial

He died on 30 April 1792 and was buried in Ripon Minster (now Ripon Cathedral) where survives his unusual monument consisting of a representation of a Greek temple containing his bust by Joseph Nollekens.

## Succession

He had no surviving children and left Newby Hall to his distant cousin Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey (1781-1859), then 3rd Baron Grantham, who in 1803 in accordance with the bequest changed his name to Weddell, but in accordance with a further bequest from his maternal aunt changed it again in 1833 to Grey.

## Further reading

* Dugdale's Visitation of Yorkshire: Volume 2 (1907) edited by J.W. Clay, pp. 205–7, pedigree of Weddell


title: William Wedd Tuxford

abstract: William Wedd Tuxford was a parliamentarian and agricultural machinery dealer in the early days of the Colony of South Australia. He was born in Boston, Lincolnshire the son of John Tuxford and Hannah Parker, and apprenticed as a printer, at one stage working on the Mark Lane Express agricultural weekly partly, later fully, owned by his brother George Parker Tuxford (ca.1810–1870). He arrived in South Australia in May 1853 and set himself up with brother John Lefevre Tuxford as the Colony's first importer of agricultural machinery, between Grote and Gouger Streets, near Selby Street, then opened on North Terrace in December 1858. They acted as Australian agent for Mark Lane Express, which they sold at the London cover price. Business dropped off however as local manufacture of such equipment boomed, compounded by some unsuccessful speculation in mining ventures, and was forced to close his machinery business, which ceased trading in 1873. He took up management of the City Arms Hotel on King William Street in July 1875. He was elected to the Legislative Council on 1 March 1865, retiring on 2 February 1873, though he was never a prominent figure in Parliament or politics. He was for many years a committee member of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society. He was an active Freemason.

text:
# William Wedd Tuxford

**William Wedd Tuxford** (bapt. 20 November 1826 – 28 January 1878) was a parliamentarian and agricultural machinery dealer in the early days of the Colony of South Australia.

He was born in Boston, Lincolnshire the son of John Tuxford and Hannah Parker, and apprenticed as a printer, at one stage working on the *Mark Lane Express* agricultural weekly partly, later fully, owned by his brother George Parker Tuxford (ca.1810–1870).

He arrived in South Australia in May 1853 and set himself up with brother John Lefevre Tuxford as the Colony's first importer of agricultural machinery, between Grote and Gouger Streets, near Selby Street, then opened on North Terrace in December 1858. They acted as Australian agent for *Mark Lane Express*, which they sold at the London cover price. Business dropped off however as local manufacture of such equipment boomed, compounded by some unsuccessful speculation in mining ventures, and was forced to close his machinery business, which ceased trading in 1873. He took up management of the City Arms Hotel on King William Street in July 1875.

He was elected to the Legislative Council on 1 March 1865, retiring on 2 February 1873, though he was never a prominent figure in Parliament or politics.

He was for many years a committee member of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society.

He was an active Freemason.

## Family

* Eldest brother George Parker Tuxford (c. 1810–1870) was the publisher of English magazines *Mark Lane Express* and the *Farmer's Weekly*.
* His brother John Lefevre Tuxford (1812 – 29 June 1887) arrived in South Australia in January 1839 on the *Bardaster* from London, married Clara Evans (c. 1838 – 12 September 1917). He was the manager of his brother Walsingham's Sportsman's Hotel on Byron Place, off Grote Street, until he joined his brother William in the machinery business. When that closed he resumed management of the hotel, which was run by his wife and daughters after his death. He was a substantial shareholder in the Yelta Mine on Yorke's Peninsula. He had five daughters and one son.

* Hannah Tuxford (1856 – 20 December 1935) married Henry Edwards Jones on 4 March 1879
* Zara Jane Tuxford (1858– ) married Joseph George Raphael on 9 April 1885

* Clara Lydia Tuxford (1860– ) married Walter Bentley Dunk in 1891
* Marie "Polly" Tuxford (1861– ) married Andrew Monck on 15 November 1905
* George Lefevre Tuxford (1864– )
* Thomas Weston Tuxford (1865– ) married Emily Annie Barns in 1894
* Caroline Violet (1867– ) married Thomas Honnor on 21 April 1896
* His brother Walsingham Weston Tuxford (c. 1817 – 2 December 1875) also migrated to South Australia, married Mary Ann Williams (died 2 September 1875) in 1855. He was the owner of the Sportsman's Hotel run by his brother. He died from a self-inflicted throat laceration following business failures and the death of his wife.

* Walsingham Tuxford (1856– )
* Maria (1859– ) married Thomas Joseph MacMahon of Glenelg in 1886
* Ellen "Nellie" Tuxford (1862– ) married Frederick Lawrence Barlow on 28 October 1890
* William Tuxford (1864– ) married Emma Moon in 1890
* George Weston Tuxford (1867– )
* Mary Ann Tuxford (1869 – c. 20 April 1920)
* Eliza Rogerson Tuxford (1871– )
* His sister Hannah Parker Tuxford married Rev. Joseph Whitehead, of Spilsby, Lincolnshire.
* **William Wedd Tuxford** married Matilda Williams on 25 September 1858. Their five children included:

* Hannah Matilda Whitehead married Edward James Reynold, the mayor of Thebarton, on 13 December 1883.
* John James Whitehead (c. 1865 – 14 June 1900) married Eliza F. C. H. Hay on 27 May 1891


title: Willow Macky

abstract: Katherine Faith Macky, also known as Willow Macky, was a New Zealand songwriter. She frequently collaborated with Dorothea Franchi. In the 2006 New Year Honours, Macky was awarded the Queens Service Medal for community service. She died on the 10th of December 2006.

text:
# Willow Macky

**Katherine Faith Macky** QSM (25 June 1921  10 December 2006), also known as **Willow Macky**, was a New Zealand songwriter. She frequently collaborated with Dorothea Franchi.

In the 2006 New Year Honours, Macky was awarded the Queens Service Medal for community service. She died on the 10th of December 2006.

## InfoBox

| Willow MackyQSM | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Katherine Faith Macky |
| Born | (1921-06-25)25 June 1921 |
| Origin | New Zealand |
| Died | 10 December 2006(2006-12-10) (aged 85) |
| Occupation | Songwriter |
| Formerly of | Dorothea Franchi |


title: William Stephenson (junior)

abstract: William Stephenson (junior) was a Geordie printer, publisher, auctioneer, poet and songwriter born in Gateshead, the son of William Stephenson (senior). He started work as a printer and soon opened his own business at the Bridge End, Gateshead. Much of his business seemed to come from the cheap chapbooks, song slips, many to the hawkers together with last dying confessions; these seem to be the objects which keep turning up in collections. Shortly after closure of The Gateshead Intelligencer, he gave up his printing work and became an auctioneer. On his death, the Gateshead Observer of 26 May 1838 carried a notice which read “On Sunday, after a long illness, aged 40, much respected, Mr. W. Stephenson, printer"

text:
# William Stephenson (junior)

**William Stephenson (junior)** (2 September 1797 – 20 May 1838) was a Geordie printer, publisher, auctioneer, poet and songwriter born in Gateshead, the son of William Stephenson (senior).

He started work as a printer and soon opened his own business at the Bridge End, Gateshead.

Much of his business seemed to come from the cheap chapbooks, song slips, many to the hawkers together with last dying confessions; these seem to be the objects which keep turning up in collections. Shortly after closure of *The Gateshead Intelligencer*, he gave up his printing work and became an auctioneer.

On his death, the *Gateshead Observer* of 26 May 1838 carried a notice which read “On Sunday (May 20), after a long illness, aged 40, much respected, Mr. W. Stephenson, printer"

## Works

These include :-

### Publishing and/or printing

In 1824 he published a small chapbook “The Tyneside Minstrel” which contained the works of William Mitford, William Oliver, his father William Stephenson (senior), himself and others. His own works in this book include “Beggar’s Wedding" which is signed “S” and more than 10 pieces signed “X” including The Lass that shed a tear for me” and “Ellen”.

In 1834 he published his father's collection of poems and songs

In 1830 he introduced a new periodical, "The Gateshead Intelligencer", a sixpenny monthly which was half newspaper and half magazine. It ran from 1830 to 1833

### Poetry and songwriting

The Beggar's Wedding
Ellen
The Lass that shed a tear for me
Merry Lads of Gyetshead
The Sandhill Monkey
Smiling Betty


title: William York Tindall

abstract: William York Tindall (1903–1981) was an American Joycean scholar with a long and distinguished teaching career at Columbia University. Several of Tindall's classic works of criticism, including A Reader's Guide to James Joyce and A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake are still in print. He wrote a total of thirteen books on UK and Irish writers including Joyce, Dylan Thomas, W. B. Yeats, and Samuel Beckett. Indeed, Tindall nominated Beckett for the Nobel Prize in Literature; Beckett was the 1969 laureate. Born in Vermont, he studied at Columbia, both as an undergraduate and graduate student. Between those courses of study, in 1925 he set off to see Europe. He went to Paris and bought a copy of Joyce's Ulysses — then banned in America. By chance, he bought it on June 16, Bloomsday, the day in which all the events in the book take place. He had it rebound as a French novel to carry it through US Customs. That began Professor Tindall's study of and advocacy for Joyce's works in America; in fact, he started teaching Ulysses before the book was allowed in the US. Therefore, students in his first Ulysses course were forced to read the dean's copy kept secured in the university library. Finally in 1933, the United States District Court in New York City ruled that the novel was not obscene and could be published in America and in January 1934 Ulysses was available legally in the US. Professor Tindall's teaching career at Columbia lasted from 1931 to 1971. For four decades, he taught some of the most popular literary criticism courses in the curriculum. He pioneered a method of reading Joyce's most difficult novel Finnegans Wake with a small group of graduate students, everyone adding a bit of their academic knowledge to the task. He called this Reading by Committee, saying that the group brought to it "a variety of languages and learning, [and] might do more with the book than I alone, with small learning and less Greek."

text:
# William York Tindall

**William York Tindall** (1903–1981) was an American Joycean scholar with a long and distinguished teaching career at Columbia University. Several of Tindall's classic works of criticism, including *A Reader's Guide to James Joyce* and *A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake* are still in print. He wrote a total of thirteen books on UK and Irish writers including Joyce, Dylan Thomas, W. B. Yeats, and Samuel Beckett. Indeed, Tindall nominated Beckett for the Nobel Prize in Literature; Beckett was the 1969 laureate.

Born in Vermont, he studied at Columbia, both as an undergraduate and graduate student. Between those courses of study, in 1925 he set off to see Europe. He went to Paris and bought a copy of Joyce's *Ulysses* — then banned in America. By chance, he bought it on June 16, Bloomsday, the day in which all the events in the book take place. He had it rebound as a French novel to carry it through US Customs. That began Professor Tindall's study of and advocacy for Joyce's works in America; in fact, he started teaching *Ulysses* before the book was allowed in the US. Therefore, students in his first *Ulysses* course were forced to read the dean's copy kept secured in the university library. Finally in 1933, the United States District Court in New York City ruled that the novel was not obscene and could be published in America and in January 1934 *Ulysses* was available legally in the US.

Professor Tindall's teaching career at Columbia lasted from 1931 to 1971. For four decades, he taught some of the most popular literary criticism courses in the curriculum. He pioneered a method of reading Joyce's most difficult novel *Finnegans Wake* with a small group of graduate students, everyone adding a bit of their academic knowledge to the task. He called this Reading by Committee, saying that the group brought to it "a variety of languages and learning, \[and\] might do more with the book than I alone, with small learning and less Greek."

## InfoBox

| William York Tindall | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1903
Williamstown, Vermont, U.S. |
| Died | 1981 (aged 7778)
Salisbury, Maryland, U.S. |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Columbia College |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Columbia University |
|  | |


abstract: "Win, Lose, or Draw" is the twenty-second episode and season finale of the fourth season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 68th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on May 10, 2012. In the episode, Leslie and the Parks staff await the results of the city council election.

text:
# Win, Lose, or Draw (Parks and Recreation)

"**Win, Lose, or Draw**" is the twenty-second episode and season finale of the fourth season of the American comedy television series *Parks and Recreation*, and the 68th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on May 10, 2012.

In the episode, Leslie (Amy Poehler) and the Parks staff await the results of the city council election.

## Plot

It is Election Day in Pawnee and Leslie and Bobby Newport are neck-and-neck in the latest poll. Tom is organizing the results party because he had a dream that Ann will get back together with him if she enjoys the party. Bobby's campaign manager Jennifer Barkley, impressed with Leslie's campaign, offers Ben a job working for a congressional reelection campaign in Washington, D.C., but he will need to leave in two days and be there for six months. Ben brings it up with Leslie, who is upset by the news since Ben will move away just as their lives return to normal.

Chris has finally emerged from his depression after having sex numerous times with Jennifer, but he is oblivious that the sex is meaningless to her. At the results party, Jerry – who did not have time to vote – panics when the first few rounds of results give Bobby a slight lead, worrying that Leslie will lose by one vote. Leslie and Ben seek advice about Ben's job offer: Ann suggests Leslie ask Ben to stay, and Ron tells Ben to also remain, citing his own love for routine. Ben reminds him that if Leslie wins, Ron's routine will change since he will become Assistant City Manager. Leslie later asks Ben to stay and he agrees.

The final results are in and Bobby is declared the winner, but Ben correctly says that Bobby's small margin of victory is low enough to trigger an automatic recount. Leslie goes missing but Ron finds her in the city council chambers, where she laments letting her friends down after they worked so hard for her. Ron tells her that he and the parks department joined her campaign because they care about her and her dream, not the reward of winning. Hearing this, Leslie tells Ben he should accept the job. The recount eventually comes in and it is official: Leslie has won, to Leslie's overwhelmed jubilation and Jerry's (and Bobby's) relief. Ben accepts Jennifer's offer and she leaves without saying goodbye to Chris. Ron turns down the Assistant City Manager position, content with his life; Jean-Ralphio asks Chris for the job, but he is turned down immediately. Leslie thanks her friends and supporters with a heartfelt speech; she previously asked Ben about the concession speech that he wrote, but he reveals that he never wrote it. Later, a drunk Ann gets back together with Tom and even agrees to move in with him, fulfilling his dream.

In a B plot, April asks for Andy's help after she accidentally deletes all of the department's files. When their attempts to recover them fail, they jokingly plan to move away, change their identities, and get new careers, with all of Andy's careers revolving around law enforcement (like his often used alter ego, FBI agent Burt Macklin). The day is saved when Donna reveals that she has a back-up copy of the files because Jerry always accidentally deletes files. April later suggests that Andy actually join the police department.

## Accolades

Amy Poehler submitted this episode for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards.

For his work on this episode, Michael Schur was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series.

## InfoBox

| "**Win, Lose, or Draw**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Parks and Recreation* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 4<br>Episode 22 |
| Directed by | Michael Schur |
| Written by | Michael Schur |
| Original air date | May 10, 2012 (2012-05-10) |
| Guest appearances | |
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