title: Omosita discoidea

abstract: Omosita discoidea is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia, North America, and Oceania.

text:
# Omosita discoidea

***Omosita discoidea*** is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Oceania.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2007). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-8788757675.

## InfoBox

| *Omosita discoidea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Nitidulidae |
| Genus: | *Omosita* |
| Species: | ***O. discoidea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Omosita discoidea***<br>(Fabricius, 1775) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Omosita cincta*  (Heer, 1841) * *Omosita inversa*  LeConte, 1857 | |


title: Étouvelles

abstract: Étouvelles is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Étouvelles

**Étouvelles** (French pronunciation: \[etuvɛl\]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 145 |  |
| 1975 | 121 | −2.55% |
| 1982 | 172 | +5.15% |
| 1990 | 207 | +2.34% |
| 1999 | 199 | −0.44% |
| 2007 | 208 | +0.55% |
| 2012 | 219 | +1.04% |
| 2017 | 213 | −0.55% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Étouvelles | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall of Étouvelles | |
|  | |
| Location of Étouvelles | |
| ÉtouvellesÉtouvelles | |
| Coordinates: 49°31′16″N 3°34′56″E / 49.5211°N 3.5822°E / 49.5211; 3.5822 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Aisne |
| Arrondissement | Laon |
| Canton | Laon-2 |
| Intercommunality | CA Pays de Laon |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Yvan Lemoine |
| Area**1** | 2.38 km2 (0.92 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 207 |
| Density | 87/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 02294 /02000 |
| Elevation | 59–67 m (194–220 ft)
(avg. 66 m or 217 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Zoram Nationalist Party

abstract: Zoram Nationalist Party is a political party in Mizoram, India. The party was formerly known as Mizo National Front (Nationalist). It was founded by former MP Lalduhoma. MNF(N) was formed in 1997 through a split in the Mizo National Front. The party won two seats in the state assembly in both the 2003 and 2008 state elections. In 2018, it merged with various regional parties to form Zoram People's Movement (ZPM), but left ZPM in 2020. ZNP formed alliance with Indian National Congress and Mizoram People's Conference before 2023 assembly elections, against NDA partner and ruling party Mizo National Front named "Mizoram Secular Alliance"

text:
# Zoram Nationalist Party

**Zoram Nationalist Party** is a political party in Mizoram, India. The party was formerly known as **Mizo National Front (Nationalist)**. It was founded by former MP Lalduhoma. MNF(N) was formed in 1997 through a split in the Mizo National Front.

The party won two seats in the state assembly in both the 2003 and 2008 state elections. In 2018, it merged with various regional parties to form Zoram People's Movement (ZPM), but left ZPM in 2020.

ZNP formed alliance with Indian National Congress and Mizoram People's Conference before 2023 assembly elections, against NDA partner and ruling party Mizo National Front named "Mizoram Secular Alliance"

* ZNP Official Website -

## InfoBox

| Zoram National Party | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | ZNP |
| President | H. Lalrinmawia |
| Founded | 1997 |
| Headquarters | Treasury Square, Aizawl, Mizoram |
| ECI Status | State Party |
| Alliance |  |
| Election symbol | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sultan's Great Day

abstract: Sultan's Great Day was a black American Saddlebred stallion sired by Supreme Sultan, out of the mare Supremes Cassandra. Great Day, as he was commonly called, was a twice World's Champion Fine Harness Stallion. In his debut performance, he earned the title 1983 2-year-old World's Champion fine harness stallion. Other prestigious wins followed during his 2 and 3 year old years. He was retired to stud at the age of 4, but was shown a few more times in later years. Great Day was referred to as "one of the most prolific sires of world's champions throughout the 1990s". He sired 387 registered offspring of which 106 were ribbon winners, 63 were futurity ribbon winners, and 24 went on to become champions in their respective disciplines.

text:
# Sultan's Great Day

**Sultan's Great Day** (March 22, 1981 – March 22, 2004) was a black American Saddlebred stallion sired by Supreme Sultan, out of the mare Supremes Cassandra. Great Day, as he was commonly called, was a twice World's Champion Fine Harness Stallion. In his debut performance, he earned the title 1983 2-year-old World's Champion fine harness stallion. Other prestigious wins followed during his 2 and 3 year old years. He was retired to stud at the age of 4, but was shown a few more times in later years. Great Day was referred to as "one of the most prolific sires of world's champions throughout the 1990s". He sired 387 registered offspring of which 106 were ribbon winners, 63 were futurity ribbon winners, and 24 went on to become champions in their respective disciplines.

## Early life and performance career

Sultan's Great Day 76479 was foaled March 22, 1981. The breeder of record is Mrs. Hymel Fishkin of Gibsonia, Pennsylvania. His sire was Supreme Sultan, and his dam was the mare Supremes Casindra by Stonewall Supreme. His haircoat was a deep black color, as were his mane and tail.

Great Day made his performance debut as a two-year-old competing in fine harness competition He was sold after his title of champion to Donna Moore for Linda Johnson. Sultan was purchased by William Shatner after he won his second World's Championship Horse Show. He then started living at Belle Reve Farm.

Shatner commented on Sultan's Great Day, “Great Day is to me what a Rodin statue is to an art collector, except that this work of art is alive.” Shatner said "the magnificent part of owning horses is breeding horses." Sultan's Great Day was bred to champion Saddlebred mares, and produced champions.

## Breeding and offspring

Sultan's Great Day became a breeding stallion at age 4 under the management and supervision of Donna Moore. Among Donna's top breeding selections were daughters of New Yorker, a widely recognized sire of champion Saddlebreds.

During his breeding career, Sultan's Great Day sired 106 Kentucky State Fair World's Championship Horse Show ribbon winners with 454 ribbons (1st-8th), 24 champions, and 63 futurity ribbon winners. The Kentucky State Fair World's Championship Horse Show is said to be the same "to saddlebreds in August what Churchill Downs is to thoroughbreds in May."

## Pedigree

Sultan's Great Day's grandsire, Valley View Supreme is the only stallion ever to become Three Gaited World Grand Champion.

Pedigree of Sultan's Great Day
| Sire
Supreme Sultan | Valley View Supreme | Genius Bourbon King | Bourbon Genius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Blessed Event |
| | Diana Gay | The Genius |
| | Lady Alice |
| | Melody Olee | Anacacho Denmark | Edna Mays King |
| | | Jane Black |
| | Judy Olee | Leatherwood King |
| | Aces Orchid |
| Dam
Supremes Casindra | Stonewall Supreme | Stonewall King | My King |
| | | Glorian |
| | Mamie Peavine | Richmond Choice |
| | Queen |
| | Casindra Beaverkettle | Denmark Beaverkettle | Admiral Denmark |
| | | Mary Flowers |
| | Candace Kalarama | Kalarama Rex |
| | Jean Bohemian |

## InfoBox

| Sultan's Great Day | |
| --- | --- |
| William Shatner riding Sultan's Great Day in 1993 | |
| Breed | American Saddlebred |
| Sire | Supreme Sultan |
| Grandsire | Valley View Supreme |
| Dam | Supremes Casindra |
| Maternal grandsire | Stonewall Supreme |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | March 22, 1981 – March 22, 2004 |
| Color | Black |
| Breeder | Mrs. Hymel Fishkin |
| Owner | William Shatner |
| Trainer | Royce Cates |
| Major wins | |
| World's Champion Two-Year-Old Fine Harness Stallion/Gelding | |


title: Olivier Vadrot

abstract: Olivier Vadrot is a French artist and designer that studied architecture. In his work, he embraces many disciplines ranging from music, to scenography and public furniture. He is known for his mobile architecture and exploration of the ergonomy of ancient theatres. His works have been exhibited at Centre Pompidou and at the 2017 Biennale of Architecture in Lyon. Some of his projects are part of the collections owned by French cultural institutions such as FRAC Aquitaine in Bordeaux, musée régional d'art contemporain Occitanie (Mrac), FRAC Paca in Marseille and Frac Île-de-France.

text:
# Olivier Vadrot

**Olivier Vadrot** is a French artist and designer that studied architecture. In his work, he embraces many disciplines ranging from music, to scenography and public furniture. He is known for his mobile architecture and exploration of the ergonomy of ancient theatres. His works have been exhibited at Centre Pompidou and at the 2017 Biennale of Architecture in Lyon. Some of his projects are part of the collections owned by French cultural institutions such as FRAC Aquitaine in Bordeaux, musée régional d'art contemporain Occitanie (Mrac), FRAC Paca in Marseille and Frac Île-de-France.

## Personal life

Olivier Vadrot was born in Semur-en-Auxois (France) in 1970 and currently lives in Beaune, Burgundy.

## Career

After having graduated with a degree in architecture from Lyon's school of architecture, Vadrot started out as an assistant to the Japanese architect Shigeru Ban in France. Working alongside Ban since 1998 through 2001, he took part in creating the Cap Canal project at Centre D'interprétation Du Canal De Bourgogne. He also assisted Daniel Buren in the realisation of "Construction" a site specific installation presented at the centre d’art Le Consortium in Dijon (June 5 – July 25, 1998).

### La Salle de Bains

Aside from his architectural experience with Ban, in 1998, he founded (together with Lionel Mazelaygue and Gwenaël Morin) La Salle de Bains, a 25sqm alternative exhibition space in Lyon, France. Vadrot described the place as a way "to engage in a dialogue with artists of the past generation", and "to get back to uninhibited architectural and design practice". Sixty seven exhibitions were organised at La Salle de Bains in the period of 1999—2013, featuring artists such as Xavier Veilhan (2000), Olivier Mosset (2006), Gianni Motti (2007), Claude Closky (2003), Mrzyk & Moriceau (2006), Claude Lévêque (2002) and Matthew McCaslin (2002).

### Cocktail Designers

Carrying on the multidisciplinary approach they had addressed during the previous years, in 2004, Vadrot and Mazelaygue founded the design group called 'Cocktail Designers', together with the two French graphic designers, Claire Moreux and Olivier Huz, with whom they had collaborated at La Salle de Bains. The same year, the group presented their first collection of objects named "Form Follows Function" at the experimental Galerie Roger Tator in Lyon, France. In the show, the group questioned the relationship between art and design by hijacking everyday shapes to create new ones. "I think some of our objects belong to both design and art, to the category we temporarily call "practical sculpture"", explained Vadrot in an interview to the French journalist Clément Nouet in 2006. "There is a long history of borrowings and references between art and design, the two disciplines mirror each other", he concluded. According to the journalist Olivier Reneau, the group adopted "the same aesthetic and conceptual concerns as those developed by the Dutch Droog Design and Moooi who work as much with recycling forms as with ideas." Following this first show, an updated version of "Form Follows Function" was also exhibited at La Chaufferie (Galerie de l'école supérieure des arts décoratifs - 5 rue de la Manufacture des Tabacs) in Strasbourg from January 13 and February 26, 2006.

### Solo career and research on theatres

The first structure inspired by the shape of ancient theatres implemented by Vadrot was presented at the Villa Medici in Rome during his residency at the French Academy in 2011-2012. Named *Circo Minimo*, the project was intended as a nod to Rome's Circus Maximus and was designed to accommodate small-scale performances and debates. Subsequently, Vadrot visited several ancient theatres located in the Mediterranean region such as Delos, Priene and Syracuse, to study the ergonomy of their rows of seats. This research was expressed in the *Hors Les Murs* 2016 programme, organised by the Institut Français. Following these field trips, in 2016, he developed *Cavea*, a nomadic platform made of plywood for the National Centre for Visual Arts (CNAP) in Paris. In 2018, the project was used as a backdrop to the conferences organised by the Centre Pompidou in Paris in the frame of the exhibition “May 68 - General Assembly” as well as on the occasion of the FIAC 2018.

Initially limited to the study of Greek and Roman theatres, Vadrot's corpus gradually spread to the theatres of the Renaissance and contemporary architecture such as that designed by Le Corbusier on the roof of Unité d’Habitation. Reinterpreting the project of the Swiss architect, in June 2015, Vadrot launched *Les Tribunes*, a scenographic device conceived during the "Make it work/The Negotiations Theatre" event organised by the theatre of Nanterre-Amandiers.

## Selected works

* *Le Kiosque Électronique* (2009)
* *Minimo* (2010)
* *Précisions sur les Vagues*, in collaboration with Célia Houdart and Sébastien Roux, coproduced by Centre dramatique national Orléans, Festival d’Avignon, Centre national de création musicale, La Muse en circuit, Stanza (2012)
* *Coulisses* (2013)
* *La Veille*, in collaboration with Célia Houdart, Sébastien Roux, Yannick Fouassier, Laurent Poitrenaux (voice) and the students of the Comédie in Reims (2013)
* *Totem et tattoo* (2014)
* *A Catalogue of Steps & Diary of an Image*, in collaboration with DD Dorvillier (2014)
* *Le Vertugadin* (2015)
* *Les Tribunes* (2015)
* *Flash collection* (2016)
* *Cavea* (2016)
* *Pentélique* (2016)
* *Faire, c’est dire*, in collaboration with Tectoniques Architectes (2017)
* *La guérite de Marie* (2018)
* *Minimo* (exhibition, 2018)

## InfoBox

| Olivier Vadrot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Semur-en-Auxois |
| Awards |  |


title: Sulaimania (spider)

abstract: Sulaimania is a genus of Southeast Asian araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981. As of September 2019 it contains two species, found in Malaysia and Singapore: S. brevis and S. vigelandi.

text:
# Sulaimania (spider)

***Sulaimania*** is a genus of Southeast Asian araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981. As of September 2019 it contains two species, found in Malaysia and Singapore: *S. brevis* and *S. vigelandi*.

## InfoBox

| *Sulaimania* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Sulaimania vigelandi* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Tetrablemmidae |
| Genus: | *Sulaimania*
Lehtinen, 1981 |
|
| Type species | |
| *S. vigelandi*
Lehtinen, 1981 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Wilders Kanal

abstract: Wilders Kanal is a canal which connects Christianshavns Kanal to the main harbour, opposite Søkvæsthuset, in the Christianshavn neighbourhood of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is crossed by Wilders Bro which carries Strandgade. The canal is named after father and son, Carl and Lars Wilder, who operated a shipyard in the area just north of it, now known as Wilders Plads.

text:
# Wilders Kanal

**Wilders Kanal** (English: Wilder Canal) is a canal which connects Christianshavns Kanal to the main harbour, opposite Søkvæsthuset, in the Christianshavn neighbourhood of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is crossed by Wilders Bro which carries Strandgade.

The canal is named after father and son, Carl and Lars Wilder, who operated a shipyard in the area just north of it, now known as Wilders Plads.

## InfoBox

| Wilders Canal | |
| --- | --- |
| Wilders Kanal with Wilders Bro and Søkvæsthuset as a backdrop | |
| Location | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Geography | |
| Beginning coordinates | 55°40′30″N 12°35′38″E / 55.675°N 12.594°E / 55.675; 12.594 |
| Ending coordinates | 55°40′34″N 12°35′31″E / 55.676°N 12.592°E / 55.676; 12.592 |
|  | |


title: Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores

abstract: Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the Head of Government from August 1983 to January 1986. A member of the military, he was head of state during the apex of repression and death squad activity in the Central American nation. When he was minister of defense, he rallied a coup against President Ríos Montt, which he justified by declaring that religious fanatics were abusing the government. He allowed for a return to democracy, with elections for a constituent assembly being held in 1984, followed by general elections in 1985.

text:
# Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores

**Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores** (December 9, 1930 – February 1, 2016) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the Head of Government from August 1983 to January 1986. A member of the military, he was head of state during the apex of repression and death squad activity in the Central American nation. When he was minister of defense, he rallied a coup against President Ríos Montt, which he justified by declaring that religious fanatics were abusing the government. He allowed for a return to democracy, with elections for a constituent assembly being held in 1984, followed by general elections in 1985.

## Mejía Víctores regime

### Return to democratic appearances

Ríos Montt was deposed on 8 August 1983 by his own Minister of Defense, General Mejía Víctores. Mejía Víctores became then *de facto* president and justified the coup by saying that "religious fanatics" were abusing their positions in the government and also because of "official corruption." Ríos Montt remained in politics, founding the Guatemalan Republican Front party in 1989. Elected to Congress he was elected President of Congress in 1995 and 2000. Due to international pressure, as well as pressure from other Latin American nations, General Mejía Víctores allowed a gradual return to democracy in Guatemala. On 1 July 1984, an election was held for representatives to a Constituent Assembly to draft a democratic constitution. On 30 May 1985, the Constituent Assembly finished drafting a new constitution, which took effect immediately. General elections were scheduled, and civilian candidate Vinicio Cerezo was elected president. Revival of democratic government did not end the "disappearances" and death squad killings, as extrajudicial state violence had become an integral part of the political culture.

### Continuing terror

By the time Mejía Víctores assumed power, the counterinsurgency under Lucas García and Ríos Montt had largely succeeded in its objective of detaching the insurgency from its civilian support base. Additionally, Guatemalan military intelligence (G-2) had succeeded in infiltrating most of the political institutions. It eradicated opponents in the government through terror and selective assassinations. The counterinsurgency program had militarized Guatemalan society, creating a fearful atmosphere of terror that suppressed most public agitation and insurgency. The military had consolidated its power in virtually all sectors of society.

In 1983, indigenous activist Rigoberta Menchú published a memoir of her life during that period, *I, Rigoberta Menchú, An Indian Woman in Guatemala*, which gained worldwide attention. She is the daughter of one of the peasant leaders who died in the Spanish Embassy massacre on 31 January 1980. She was later awarded the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize—in the year of the Fifth Centennial celebration of America Discovery—for her work favoring broader social justice. Her memoir drew international attention to Guatemala and the nature of its institutional terrorism.

After the August 1983 coup, both the U.S. intelligence community and human rights observers noted that while cases of human rights abuses in rural Guatemala were on the decline, death squad activity in the city was on the rise. Additionally, as the levels of wholesale extrajudicial killings and massacres decreased, the rates of abduction and forced disappearance increased. The situation in Guatemala City soon resembled the situation under Lucas García. In Mejía Víctores's first full month in power, the number of documented monthly kidnappings jumped from 12 in August to 56 in September. The victims included several U.S. Agency for International Development employees, officials from moderate and leftist political parties, and Catholic priests. In a report to the United Nations, Guatemala's Human Rights Commission reported 713 extrajudicial killings and 506 disappearances of Guatemalans in the period from January to September 1984. A secret United States Department of Defense report from March 1986 noted that from 8 August 1983 to 31 December 1985, there were a total of 2,883 recorded kidnappings (3.29 daily), and kidnappings averaged a total of 137 a month through 1984 (a total of approximately 1,644 cases). The report linked these violations to a systematic program of abduction and killing by the security forces under Mejía Víctores, noting, "while criminal activity accounts for a small percentage of the cases, and from time to time individuals ‘disappear’ to go elsewhere, the security forces and paramilitary groups are responsible for most kidnappings. Insurgent groups do not now normally use kidnapping as a political tactic."

Under Lucas García, part of the modus operandi of government repression during the Mejía government involved interrogating victims at military bases, police stations, or government safe houses. Information about alleged connections with insurgents was "extracted through torture." The security forces used the information to make joint military/police raids on suspected guerrilla safe-houses throughout Guatemala City. In the process, the government secretly captured hundreds of individuals who were never seen again or whose bodies were later found showing signs of torture and mutilation. Such activities were often carried out by specialized units of the National Police. Between 1984 and 1986, the secret police (G-2) maintained an operations center for the counterinsurgency programs in southwest Guatemala at the southern airbase at Retalhuleu. There, the G-2 operated a clandestine interrogation center for suspected insurgents and collaborators. Captured suspects were reportedly detained in water-filled pits along the perimeter of the base, which was covered with cages. To avoid drowning, prisoners were forced to hold onto the cages over the pits. The bodies of prisoners tortured to death and live prisoners marked for disappearance were thrown out of IAI-201 Aravas by the Guatemalan Air Force over the Pacific Ocean ("death flights").

Along with former Presidents José Efraín Ríos Montt and Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President Mejía was charged with murder, kidnapping and genocide in a Spanish court.

1. "Óscar Mejía Victores, Guatemalan military ruler of mid-1980s, dies at 85 - The Washington Post". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016.
2. *Almanac of Famous People: Biographies* at Google Books
3. Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional (2013). *From Silence to Memory: Revelations of the AHPN* (PDF). Eugene, OR: University of Oregon Libraries. p. xx. ISBN 978-0-985-82041-1.
4. Pike n.d.
5. Americas Watch and British Parliamentary Human Rights Group: 1987
6. CIDH 1999.
7. CIA 1983.
8. US Department of State 1986.
9. *Guatemala's Disappeared: 1977-86*.
10. Defense Intelligence Agency 1994.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Brigadier GeneralÓscar Humberto Mejía Víctores | |
| --- | --- |
| Mejía Víctores in the 1980s | |
|  | |
| 27th Head of State of Guatemala | |
| **In office**
August 8, 1983  January 14, 1986 | |
| Deputy | Rodolfo Lobos Zamora |
| Preceded by | Efraín Ríos Montt |
| Succeeded by | Vinicio Cerezo |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1930-12-09)December 9, 1930
Guatemala City |
| Died | February 1, 2016(2016-02-01) (aged 85)
Guatemala City |
| Spouse | Aura Rosario Rosal López |
|  | |


title: Omphaloscelis polybela

abstract: Omphaloscelis polybela is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North Africa, from Algeria at least to Libya.

text:
# Omphaloscelis polybela

***Omphaloscelis polybela*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North Africa, from Algeria at least to Libya.

## Subspecies

* *Omphaloscelis polybela polybela* (Algeria)
* *Omphaloscelis polybela teukyrana* (Libya)

## InfoBox

| *Omphaloscelis polybela* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Omphaloscelis* |
| Species: | ***O. polybela*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Omphaloscelis polybela***<br>(de Joannis, 1903) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Euxoa polybela* de Joannis, 1903 * *Omphaloscelis teukyrana* Turati, 1924 | |


title: On Being a Christian

abstract: On Being a Christian is a 1974 work of Christian theology by Hans Küng.

text:
# On Being a Christian

***On Being a Christian*** is a 1974 work of Christian theology by Hans Küng.

## Content

The author describes what is common among the various Christian communities and discussed the reasons a person would choose to believe in Christianity. The book focuses on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ and the nature of his divinity.

## Reactions

Certain aspects of the book were criticized by the Conference of the German Bishops in 1975 for its apparent lack of doctrinal orthodoxy.

1. Declaration on Hans Küng's book, Being a Christian, German Episcopal Conference


title: Omsica

abstract: Omsica is a village in Croatia.

text:
# Omsica

**Omsica** (Serbian Cyrillic: Омсица) is a village in Croatia.

## Population

According to the 2011 census, Omsica had 12 inhabitants.

| Population | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| 447 | 575 | 443 | 461 | 485 | 455 | 509 | 450 | 367 | 390 | 405 | 298 | 210 | 135 | 10 | 12 |
|

**Napomena**: *Till 1900 name of the settlement was **Omšica**.*

### 1991 census

According to the 1991 census, settlement of Omsica had 135 inhabitants, which were ethnically declared as this:

| Omsica |
| --- |
| 1991 |
| total: 135
Serbs 131 (97.03%)  unknown 4 (2.96%) |
|

### Austro-hungarian 1910 census

According to the 1910 census, settlement of Omsica had 455 inhabitants in 3 hamlets, which were linguistically and religiously declared as this:

| Population by language | Croatian or Serbian |
| --- | --- |
| *Manojlovići* | 16 |
| *Omsica* | 387 |
| *Poznići* | 52 |
| **Total** | 455 (100%) |

| Population by religion | Eastern Orthodox |
| --- | --- |
| *Manojlovići* | 16 |
| *Omsica* | 387 |
| *Poznići* | 52 |
| **Total** | 455 (100%) |

## Literature

* Savezni zavod za statistiku i evidenciju FNRJ i SFRJ, popis stanovništva 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981. i 1991. godine.
* Knjiga: "Narodnosni i vjerski sastav stanovništva Hrvatske, 1880–1991: po naseljima, author: Jakov Gelo, izdavač: Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, 1998., ISBN 953-6667-07-X, ISBN 978-953-6667-07-9;

## InfoBox

| Omsica Омсица (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Omsica | |
| Coordinates: 44°21′40″N 15°56′06″E / 44.36111°N 15.93500°E / 44.36111; 15.93500 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Zadar County |
| Municipality | Gračac |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.7 km2 (7.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 758 m (2,487 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 4 |
| Density | 0.21/km2 (0.55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 23440 Gračac |
| Area code | +385 (23) |


title: Omsewitz

abstract: Omsewitz is a quarter or Stadtteil in south-west Dresden, Germany. It is part of the Stadtbezirk Cotta.

text:
# Omsewitz

**Omsewitz** is a quarter or *Stadtteil* in south-west Dresden, Germany. It is part of the *Stadtbezirk* Cotta.

## History

First known mentioning of Omsewitz is from 1317 as Omasuwicz (old Sorbian: People of Omaz) when the archdeacon of Nisan the Meissen Cathedral donated a manor in the village. Burgstädtels mention followed about 200 years later in the documents, namely 1511 Borckstadtel.

For centuries Omsewitz belonged to the Meissen Cathedral Chapter. It was not until 1559, came to office in Dresden.

After the First World War a large housing development was created in Omsewitz. Also some larger villas were built.

In June 1992 the historic village core was approved by the Dresden City Council as preservation statute.

## InfoBox

| Omsewitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Stadtteil of Dresden | |
| Omsewitz in 2012 | |
| Location of Omsewitz within Dresden | |
| Omsewitz Omsewitz | |
| Coordinates: 51°03′17″N 13°39′38″E / 51.05472°N 13.66056°E / 51.05472; 13.66056 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony |
| District | Urban district |
| Town | Dresden |
| Borough | Cotta |
| Elevation | 0,351 m (1,152 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 01157 |
| Dialling codes | 0351 |
| Website | http://www.dresden.de |


title: On the Record (American TV program)

abstract: On the Record was an American news television program on Fox News hosted by the lawyer Greta Van Susteren. Prior to the show's cancellation after the 2016 election, the show was hosted by the television journalist and political commentator, Brit Hume, following Van Susteren's departure from Fox News on September 6, 2016. The show was named On the Record with Greta Van Susteren and On the Record with Brit Hume during each host's respective runs. The program featured news stories of the day, following the latest information from correspondents on location and officials related to the issue. Like most networks, the program also consisted of analysis from legal analysts of the network and the host on the stories it was following. Additionally, the program also derailed from criminal stories to follow breaking news of the day, as do other programs on the network.

text:
# On the Record (American TV program)

***On the Record*** was an American news television program on Fox News hosted by the lawyer Greta Van Susteren. Prior to the show's cancellation after the 2016 election, the show was hosted by the television journalist and political commentator, Brit Hume, following Van Susteren's departure from Fox News on September 6, 2016. The show was named *On the Record with Greta Van Susteren* and *On the Record with Brit Hume* during each host's respective runs.

The program featured news stories of the day, following the latest information from correspondents on location and officials related to the issue. Like most networks, the program also consisted of analysis from legal analysts of the network and the host on the stories it was following. Additionally, the program also derailed from criminal stories to follow breaking news of the day, as do other programs on the network.

## History

From its debut on February 4, 2002, to October 4, 2013, the program was broadcast live out of Fox News' Washington studio each weekday at 10:00 p.m. ET and replayed at 1:00 a.m. ET. On October 7, 2013, the show began airing weekdays at 7:00 p.m. ET, replacing the weeknight editions of the *Fox Report*.

On September 6, 2016, Greta Van Susteren announced that she would be leaving Fox News. Fox News senior political analyst Brit Hume was named as the interim host of the show for the rest of the 2016 election cycle. The program aired its final episode, with Hume as host, on election eve, November 7, 2016. On Thursday and Friday, to finish the week, *On the Record* was hosted by two final guest hosts, Martha MacCallum and Ed Henry, with Friday, November 11, 2016, being the last *On the Record*. The vacated 7:00 p.m. time slot was replaced on November 14, 2016, by a new Fox News show, *Tucker Carlson Tonight*, hosted by the former *Fox and Friends* weekend host, Tucker Carlson. On January 9, 2017, the show was moved to the 9pm time slot following the departure of Megyn Kelly from Fox News Channel to NBC News, which ended her FNC show, *The Kelly File*.

On January 5, 2017, the competing cable news network, MSNBC, announced that Van Susteren would begin hosting a new show on January 9, 2017, for the network entitled *For the Record with Greta*, which aired on weekdays at 6:00 p.m. EST.

In June 2022, Van Susteren revived the concept as *The Record with Greta Van Susteren* for Newsmax TV.

## Major interviews

While host Van Susteren, a lawyer with an extensive background in law (including years teaching as an adjunct professor at Georgetown Law School), covered political issues, conducting major interviews with people such as former presidents George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, as well as traveling overseas with the White House. Henry Kissinger was often asked to comment on the most important recent events. She traveled to Alaska several times and interviewed the former Governor, Sarah Palin. She has interviewed Rush Limbaugh by phone. Important Democrats she interviewed include former President Bill Clinton in 2008 as well as the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in both 2009 and 2013.

## Criticism

In late 2005, there was considerable coverage by *On the Record* of the Natalee Holloway affair. As the year wore on, coverage of the story moved from the actual case to Beth Holloway-Twitty's endeavors. The story brought *On the Record* its highest ratings to date, keeping the story going, though essentially no new information came to light. This coverage was labeled "missing white woman syndrome".

## InfoBox

| *On the Record* | |
| --- | --- |
| former title card for *On the Record* during Van Susteren's tenure | |
| Genre | Current affairs program |
| Presented by | Greta Van Susteren (2002–2016)
Brit Hume (2016) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Production location | Washington, D.C. or New York City |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Fox News Channel |
| Release | February 4, 2002 (2002-02-04)
November 11, 2016 (2016-11-11) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: On the Razzle (play)

abstract: On the Razzle is a play by Tom Stoppard which premiered at the Royal National Theatre, London in 1981. It is an adaptation of the 1842 Viennese play Einen Jux will er sich machen by Johann Nestroy, which had been adapted twice by Thornton Wilder. The first Wilder version, 1938, entitled The Merchant of Yonkers, was faithful to the original material, but the second Wilder version, 1955, renamed The Matchmaker, expanded the previously secondary role of Dolly Gallagher Levi, who later became the heroine of the Jerry Herman musical hit, Hello, Dolly!. Stoppard's adaptation eliminates the Dolly character. The play's title is a euphemism, often used by the British press, to describe the actions of a celebrity who has drunk, or is about to drink, a considerable amount of alcohol.

text:
# On the Razzle (play)

***On the Razzle*** is a play by Tom Stoppard which premiered at the Royal National Theatre, London in 1981. It is an adaptation of the 1842 Viennese play *Einen Jux will er sich machen* by Johann Nestroy, which had been adapted twice by Thornton Wilder. The first Wilder version, 1938, entitled *The Merchant of Yonkers*, was faithful to the original material, but the second Wilder version, 1955, renamed *The Matchmaker*, expanded the previously secondary role of Dolly Gallagher Levi, who later became the heroine of the Jerry Herman musical hit, *Hello, Dolly!*. Stoppard's adaptation eliminates the Dolly character.

The play's title is a euphemism, often used by the British press, to describe the actions of a celebrity who has drunk, or is about to drink, a considerable amount of alcohol.

## Plot

Stoppard's farce consists of two hours of slapstick shenanigans, mistaken identities, misdirected orders, malapropisms, double entendres, and romantic complications.

Herr Zangler, the twisted-tongued proprietor of an upscale grocery store in a small Austrian village, plans to marry Mme. Knorr, the proprietor of a women's clothing shop in Vienna. In preparation for his new life in the big city, he orders a new wardrobe and hires the fast-talking Melchior as a personal assistant. He arranges to send his niece Marie to his sister-in-law in Vienna, Miss Blumenblatt, to protect her from the penniless Sonders who is courting her. As he departs for Vienna, Zangler entrusts the operation of his business to his garrulous head clerk, Weinberl, and his naive apprentice, Christopher, but they decide to go "on the razzle" to Vienna.

Almost immediately, Weinberl and Christopher catch sight of Zangler and disguise themselves as mannequins in the window of Mme. Knorr's House of Fashion. Circumstances propel the two into a fancy restaurant in the company of Mme. Knorr and her customer, Frau Fischer who has been roped into pretending she is Weinberl's new wife, the same restaurant to which Zangler intends to take Mme. Knorr. Several sprinting waiters, a sexually obsessed coachman, and a carefully positioned Chinese screen come into play, and things finally seem to be settling down when the eloping Sonders and Marie enter the scene, and the chaos starts anew. The various characters flee to Miss Blumenblatt's, who mistakes Weinberl and the disguised Christopher as Sonders and Marie. Eventually, all is sorted out, Christopher and Weinberl make it back to the store in time to prevent Zangler from ever knowing they were gone. Everything solves itself: Sonders comes into an inheritance and is allowed to marry Marie, Weinberl and Frau Fischer discover they have been romantic pen pals all along, Christopher is promoted, Zangler and Mme. Knorr finalize their engagement, and life returns to normal after one night "on the razzle."

## Production history

*On the Razzle* opened on September 18, 1981 at the Royal National Theatre in London, with Felicity Kendal switching genders to star as Christopher.

Other cast members included Dinsdale Landen as Herr Zangler, Michael Kitchen as Melchior, Ciaran Madden as Mme. Knorr, Meg Wynne Owen as Frau Fischer, and Alfred Lynch as Weinberl. Peter Wood won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director.

The production later was filmed by Terence Donovan in association with Channel 4. The film was released in 1983 and once again starred Kendal as Christopher. It eventually aired on PBS' *Great Performances* in the United States in January 1986.

The American premiere featured Yeardley Smith and was directed by Douglas C. Wager. It opened at Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. in September 1982. An off-Broadway production was mounted at the Bouwerie Lane Theatre in Greenwich Village in 1999.

Scottish composer Robin Orr created an opera based on the play in 1988.

*On the Razzle* was performed as part of the Shaw Festival's 2023 summer lineup.

## InfoBox

| On the Razzle | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster for the original Royal National Theatre production | |
| Written by | Tom Stoppard |
| Characters | Herr Zangler, owner of a rural upscale grocery store
Mme. Knorr, proprietor of a women's clothing store in Vienna
Weinberl, Zangler's chief clerk
Christopher, Zangler's apprentice
Frau Fischer, Mme. Knorr's customer
Marie, Zangler's niece
Sonders, Marie's ne'er-do-well suitor
Melchior, Zangler's personal assistant |
| Date premiered | 18 September 1981 |
| Place premiered | Royal National Theatre
London |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | Mistaken identities lead to comedic chaos and romantic entanglements |
| Genre | Farce |
| Setting | Vienna |


title: Omaha Hotel

abstract: The Omaha Hotel is a former railroad hotel in Neillsville, Wisconsin, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1893, near a railroad depot to serve middle-income and business travelers. It continued to operate as a hotel until the 1940s, during which time it was renamed the Hotel Paulus and later the Hamilton Hotel.

text:
# Omaha Hotel

The **Omaha Hotel** is a former railroad hotel in Neillsville, Wisconsin, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1893, near a railroad depot to serve middle-income and business travelers. It continued to operate as a hotel until the 1940s, during which time it was renamed the **Hotel Paulus** and later the **Hamilton Hotel**.

## History

Entrepreneurs Peter and Ed Weber saw an opportunity to cater to railroad travelers in Neilsville in the late 19th century. The Webers purchased a lot to the immediate south of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway, less than a block away from the Neilsville depot. The hotel was built by August Schoengarth; construction began with the foundation in November 1892 and finished in 1893. The Webers chose the name Omaha Hotel, which created the perception that it was affiliated with the railroad. The rear of the hotel was visible from the depot platform and used as a billboard to travelers, advertising its rate. The hotel operated on the European Plan, excluding meals from the room price. The hotel was not intended for luxury, instead catering to middle-income and business travelers.

In 1908, James Paulus purchased the hotel and renamed it the Hotel Paulus. "Hotel Paulus" was added to the west face of the hotel, the sign remains today. Beginning in the 1920s, the hotel was operated by Clarence Hamilton and known as the Hamilton Hotel. The hotel was vacant by the early 1940s. Furniture dealer and undertaker Herbert Lowe bought the building in July 1945; he converted the second floor into apartments and used the first floor to store furniture.

The 2003–2004 Neillsville Architectural Survey identified the hotel as possibly eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was listed on the Register on March 20, 2013. As of 2013, the Omaha Hotel is one of two historic hotels that survive in Neillsville. The owners of the building intend to rehabilitate the structure and turn it into residential and retail space.

## Design

The building is located at the western edge of the town's commercial district, at the northeast corner of the intersection of 7th Street and Clay Street. It is a two-story, late Victorian rectangular building measuring 45 by 42 feet (14 by 13 m) with a 10 by 14 feet (3.0 by 4.3 m) one-story wing along the east wall. The exterior consists of red clay bricks manufactured locally and laid in running bond. The foundation is stone with a full basement. The south and west walls face the street and are topped with a bracketed metal cornice. The north and east faces of the building are utilitarian in appearance. The property includes one "non-contributing" garage built circa 1970. A non-original one-story aluminum addition extends from the north wall of the wing flush to the north face of the building.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Omaha Hotel | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Building in 2013 | |
|  | |
| Location | 7th Street and Clay Street, Neillsville, Wisconsin |
| Coordinates | 44°33′41″N 90°35′59″W / 44.5615°N 90.5997°W / 44.5615; -90.5997 |
| Built | 1892–1893 |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian |
| NRHP reference No. | 13000101 |
| Added to NRHP | March 20, 2013 |


title: Mike Minor (snowboarder)

abstract: Mike Minor is an American athlete, World Champion snowboarder, and a Paralympian who competed for the United States at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. He won gold in Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Paralympics – Men's banked slalom and bronze in Men's snowboard cross division SB-UL. During his childhood, Minor was given a prosthetic part for his right arm. He started skiing at the age of two and snowboarding at the age of seven. He was nominated for the Best Male Athlete with a Disability ESPY Award in 2017.

text:
# Mike Minor (snowboarder)

**Mike Minor** (born July 28, 1990) is an American athlete, World Champion snowboarder, and a Paralympian who competed for the United States at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. He won gold in Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Paralympics – Men's banked slalom and bronze in Men's snowboard cross division SB-UL. During his childhood, Minor was given a prosthetic part for his right arm. He started skiing at the age of two and snowboarding at the age of seven. He was nominated for the Best Male Athlete with a Disability ESPY Award in 2017.

## Career

### Snowboarding

Minor entered snowboarding competitions in 2015. In 2017, he won gold in snowboard cross and silver in banked slalom for World Para Snowboard Championships in Big White, Canada. He also became a Triple Crystal Globe winner. In 2018, he won a gold and bronze medal at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

### Skateboarding

Minor won a bronze medal for skateboarding at the inaugural adaptive skatepark event at the Summer X Games 2019 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Awards and accolades

Minor was nominated for 2 Team USA Male Athlete of the Month awards and nominated for Best Male Athlete with a Disability ESPY Award in 2017.

## Charity

Minor works with Adaptive Action Sports, a nonprofit organization founded by Amy Purdy and Daniel Gale, which assists athletes with disabilities to train in adaptive extreme sports.

## Personal life

Minor was born in Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.

## InfoBox

Mike Minor
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Michael Rexford Minor |
| National team | United States |
| Born | July 28, 1990 (1990-07-28) (age 34)
Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Height | 5.5 ft 0 in (168 cm) |
| Weight | 150 lb (68 kg; 10 st 10 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Snowboarding (banked slalom, cross), skateboarding |
| Disability class | SB-UL |
| Achievements and titles | |
| World finals | 2015 World Cup - Gold, Gold 2016 World Cup - Gold, Silver 2017 World Cup - Gold, Silver, Bronze
2017 World Championships - Gold, Silver
2018 World Cup - Gold, Gold |
| Medal record      Men's para snowboarding  Representing  United States  Paralympic Games  2018 PyeongChang  Banked slalom SB-UL  2018 PyeongChang    Snowboard cross SB-UL | |


title: Fred A. Precht

abstract: Fred A. Precht (1863–1942) was a painter of portraits and interior scenes.

text:
# Fred A. Precht

**Fred A. Precht** (1863–1942) was a painter of portraits and interior scenes.

## Life

Precht was born in Germany on November 29, 1863 and immigrated to the United States in 1880, at age 16. He lived and worked in New York City, exhibiting in the Society of Independent Artists, the National Academy of Design and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts between 1917 and 1930. He died in 1942.

* Falk, Peter Hastings, *Who was Who in American Art, 1564-1975*, Madison, CT, Sound View Press, 1999, Vol. III, p. 2657.
* Jacobsen, Anita, *Jacobsen's Biographical Index of American Artists*, Dallas, Texas, A. J. Publications, 2002, Vol. I, Book III, p. 2592.
* National Collection of Fine Arts (U.S.), *Pennsylvania Academy Moderns, 1910-1940*, Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1975, p. 40.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Fred A. Precht | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1863<br>Germany |
| Died | 1942 |
| Occupation | American painter |


title: Tobar an Dualchais – Kist o Riches

abstract: Tobar an Dualchais – Kist o Riches is a project which aims to preserve and digitize material gathered in Scottish Gaelic, Scots and English by the School of Scottish Studies, BBC Scotland and the Canna Collection of the National Trust for Scotland. Much of the material consists of recordings of folklore, songs and music, local history and other data gathered from the 1930s onwards.

text:
# Tobar an Dualchais – Kist o Riches

**Tobar an Dualchais – Kist o Riches** (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: \[ˈt̪opəɾ ən̪ˠ ˈt̪uəl̪ˠxɪʃ\]) is a project which aims to preserve and digitize material gathered in Scottish Gaelic, Scots and English by the School of Scottish Studies (of the University of Edinburgh), BBC Scotland and the *Canna Collection* of the National Trust for Scotland.

Much of the material consists of recordings of folklore, songs and music, local history and other data gathered from the 1930s onwards.


title: Vandiny trampoty

abstract: Vandiny trampoty is a 1938 Czechoslovak comedy film, directed by Miroslav Cikán. It stars Věra Ferbasová, Theodor Pištěk, and Jiří Dohnal.

text:
# Vandiny trampoty

***Vandiny trampoty*** is a 1938 Czechoslovak comedy film, directed by Miroslav Cikán. It stars Věra Ferbasová, Theodor Pištěk, and Jiří Dohnal.

## InfoBox

| Vandiny trampoty | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Miroslav Cikán |
| Starring | Věra Ferbasová, Theodor Pištěk, and Jiří Dohnal. |
| Production<br>company | Moldavia Film |
| Release date | * 1938 (1938) |
| Country | Czechoslovakia |


title: Oshie, Cameroon

abstract: Oshie is a small mountainous village covering approximately 70 square kilometers. It is located in the English-speaking Northwest Province of Cameroon. It is located to the east of Njikwa Sub-division in Momo Division and forms a geographical gate way into Njikwa. Oshie is a land of rich physical diversity and presents an undulating landscape which is an extension of the Bamboutos Highlands of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. It is a centre of Garri production.

text:
# Oshie, Cameroon

**Oshie** is a small mountainous village covering approximately 70 square kilometers. It is located in the English-speaking Northwest Province of Cameroon. It is located to the east of Njikwa Sub-division in Momo Division and forms a geographical gate way into Njikwa. Oshie is a land of rich physical diversity and presents an undulating landscape which is an extension of the Bamboutos Highlands of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. It is a centre of Garri production.

## Population

2004 population projections placed the population of the village at 10,822 inhabitants. This population is structured into families that were born out of two principal families; Andek and Oyemi. Though the population is made up predominantly of indigenes, the society is ethnically and religiously pluralistic, yet very peaceful. Most of the inhabitants speak the Ngishe language, of which Oshie is the main centre. The village is structured into quarters with Nyebai, Beimban, Barimbom, Nyikob, Fum, Fringyen and Bereje being the main quarters. They are further broken into sub quarters each under a quarter head.

## History

The present site was initially inhabited by the Konda and Beba people, who were driven out by the migrant Oshie people. Early settlement sites were places such as Tikob, Edek, and Togobeiku. These sites were chosen for defensive purposes, taking advantage of the strategic landscape. The people who make up part of the semi Bantu ethnic group of Cameroon are said to have originated from Mbeitong near Ntadkon in present day Mezam Division in the Northwest Province. These people were forced to migrate south because of the spread of Islam in west and central Africa. They then migrated in two waves; first through Oshum, Widikum and Ngie, the second through Njinibi and Frigyien.

6°07′N 9°53′E / 6.117°N 9.883°E / 6.117; 9.883

## InfoBox

| Oshie | |
| --- | --- |
| OshieLocation in Cameroon | |
| Coordinates: 6°07′N 9°53′E / 6.117°N 9.883°E / 6.117; 9.883 | |
| Country | Cameroon |
| Province | Northwest Province |


title: Gus Monsanto

abstract: Gustavo Monsanto is a Brazilian singer who is the former lead vocalist of the French progressive metal band Adagio, and former lead singer of Finnish band Revolution Renaissance formed by Timo Tolkki after he left Stratovarius. He is the brother of journalist Eduardo Monsanto of ESPN Brazil. In 2009, he released an album as frontman of the band The Lightseekers. Monsanto is lead vocalist for the German metal band Human Fortress and appeared on their albums Raided Land and Reign of Gold. He released his first solo debut album called Karma Café in 2016. In 2022, Gus joins French heavy metal band Krysaor.

text:
# Gus Monsanto

**Gustavo Monsanto** (born 5 November 1974) is a Brazilian singer who is the former lead vocalist of the French progressive metal band Adagio, and former lead singer of Finnish band Revolution Renaissance formed by Timo Tolkki after he left Stratovarius. He is the brother of journalist Eduardo Monsanto of ESPN Brazil.

In 2009, he released an album as frontman of the band The Lightseekers.

Monsanto is lead vocalist for the German metal band Human Fortress and appeared on their albums *Raided Land* and *Reign of Gold*. He released his first solo debut album called *Karma Café* in 2016.

In 2022, Gus joins French heavy metal band Krysaor.

## Discography

| Date | Artist | Album Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | Angel Heart | *Welcome* | Lead Vocals |
| 2004 | Astra | *Astra* | Lead Vocals |
| 2005 | Adagio | *Dominate* | Lead Vocals |
| 2007 | Dr.Sin | *Bravo* | Guest Vocals |
| 2007 | Zyon Vega | *Trinity\_* (unreleased) | Lead Vocals |
| 2008 | Stéphane Cavanez | *Collectif Tribute* | Guest Vocals |
| 2008 | Venturia | *Hybrid* | Guest Vocals/Backing Vocals |
| 2008 | Skyrion | *Beyond Creation* | Producer/Backing Vocals |
| 2008 | Revolution Renaissance | *Untitled Demo* | Lead Vocals |
| 2008 | Takara | *Invitation To Forever* | Lead Vocals |
| 2009 | Adagio | *Archangels in Black* | Backing Vocals |
| 2009 | The Lightseekers | *Flying Free* | Lead Vocals |
| 2009 | Revolution Renaissance | *Age Of Aquarius* | Lead Vocals |
| 2009 | Thunderstone | *Dirt Metal* | Backing Vocals |
| 2010 | Revolution Renaissance | *Trinity* | Lead Vocals |
| 2010 | Ferreira | *Better Run !!!* | Guest Vocals |
| 2010 | Julien Damotte | *Trapped* | Guest Vocals |
| 2010 | Jade Lizard | *Puppet Master* (unreleased) | Lead Vocals |
| 2010 | Kim's Over silence | *Carpe Diem* | Guest Vocals |
| 2010 | Painside | *Dark World Burden* | Guest Vocals |
| 2010 | Pleaides | *Pleaides* | Producer |
| 2011 | Gunpoint (unreleased) | *At Gunpoint* | Lead Vocals |
| 2011 | Seliger (unreleased) | *Out of the Dark* | Lead Vocals |
| 2011 | Ferreira | *Are You In ?* | Guest Appearance |
| 2012 | Aria Inferno | *The Absinthe Episodes* | Lead Vocals |
| 2012 | Lord Of Mushrooms | *Perspectives* | Lead Vocals |
| 2012 | Symbolica | *Precession* | Lead Vocals |
| 2012 | Tray Of Gift | *The Tray Of Gift* | Guest Vocals |
| 2013 | Human Fortress | *Raided Land* | Lead Vocals |
| 2013 | Aneurose | *From Hell* | Lead Vocals |
| 2013 | Code Of Silence | *Dark Skies Over Babylon* | Lead Vocals |
| 2014 | Marmor | *Alma Celta* | Guest Vocals |
| 2014 | Jesus Christ Superstar (unreleased) | *Hits From Rio Cast Recording* | Guest Vocals |
| 2014 | Refurbished | *Only Want The Best* | Guest Vocals |
| 2014 | Exxiles | *Oblivion* | Guest Vocals |
| 2015 | Galwem | *Joaquim e o Barril de Carvalho* | Producer |
| 2015 | Skyeart | *Freedom (Between Being and Nothingness)* | Lead Vocals |
| 2015 | Sons Of Haze | *Skirmish* | Guest Vocals/Producer |
| 2015 | Roots Of Hate | *Inside The Purgatory* | Producer |
| 2015 | Alex Martinho | *Ao Vivo Na Toca Do Bandido* | Guest Vocals |
| 2016 | Motorgun | *Motorgun* | Writer |
| 2016 | Stereo Scream (unreleased) | *Stereo Scream* | Lead Vocals |
| 2016 | Human Fortress | *Thieves of the Night* | Lead Vocals |
| 2016 | Gus Monsanto | *Karma Café* | Lead Vocals, producer |
| 2016 | Grand Media Blackout | *Grand Media Blackout* | Lead Vocals |
| 2017 | Omega Blast | *Omega Blast* | Guest Appearance |
| 2017 | Criminal Brain | *Killing Joke* | Producer |
| 2017 | Burnt City | *Resurgence* | Lead Vocals |
| 2017 | Edu Falaschi | A New Lease Of Life: 25th Anniversary Tribute Vol. II | Guest Vocals |
| 2017 | Sicke | *The Room* | Producer/Guitars |
| 2017 | Indiscipline | *Sanguinea* | Producer |
| 2017 | Rec/All | *Rec/All* | Guest Vocals |
| 2017 | The Yell | *Recovery* | Lead Vocals, guitars, producer |
| 2017 | 1Dia Pro Fim | *1Dia Pro Fim* | Producer |
| 2017 | Fall Of Silence | *Act 1* | Writer |
| 2017 | Exos | *Time for a Change* | Guest Vocals |
| 2018 | Pleasure Maker | *Dancin' With Danger* | Guest Vocals |
| 2018 | Fleesh | *Versions I* | Guest Vocals |
| 2018 | Supremacy | *Sirius (Single)* | Lead Vocals |
| 2019 | Guilherme Costa | *Light Of Revelations* | Guest Vocals |
| 2019 | Human Fortress | *Reign Of Gold* | Lead Vocals |
| 2020 | Marius Danielsen and Friends | *We Are The World (Single)* | Guest Vocals |
| 2020 | Ferreira | *Come And Get It* | Guest Vocals |
| 2020 | Walter Monsanto | *Perfect Balance* | Guest Vocals |
|
| 2021 | Human Fortress | *Epic Tales & Untold Stories* | Lead Vocals |
| 2021 | Fleesh | *Versions II* | Guest Vocals |
| 2022 | Eden Myrrh | *Lost Anthology* | Lead Vocals |
| 2022 | Jari Behm | *Mind Adventures* | Guest Vocals |
| 2023 | Supremacy | *Influence* | Lead Vocals |
| 2023 | Krysaor | *Foreword* | Lead Vocals |
| 2024 | Innocence Lost | *Oblivion* | Backing Vocals |
| 2024 | Eddie LaValle's Jokers & Kings | *Closer To The Fire* | Lead Vocals |
| 2024 | Gus Monsanto | *Dandelions* | Lead Vocals |
|

## InfoBox

| Gus Monsanto | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Gustavo Monsanto |
| Born | (1974-11-05) 5 November 1974<br>Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Genres | Progressive rock, progressive metal, symphonic metal, power metal |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Labels | AFM, |
|  | |
| Website | gusmonsanto.com |


title: The Scents of Marie-Claire

abstract: The Scents of Marie-Claire is the seventh novel by Tunisian novelist Habib Selmi. The novel was first published in Lebanon in 2008 by the House of Literature for Publishing and Distribution. The novel was translated into a variety of languages, including English, French, Italian, and German, and made it to the final "short" list of the 2009 World Prize for Arabic Novel, known as the "Arab Booker Prize".

text:
# The Scents of Marie-Claire

**The Scents of Marie-Claire** is the seventh novel by Tunisian novelist Habib Selmi. The novel was first published in Lebanon in 2008 by the House of Literature for Publishing and Distribution. The novel was translated into a variety of languages, including English, French, Italian, and German, and made it to the final "short" list of the 2009 World Prize for Arabic Novel, known as the "Arab Booker Prize".

## About the Novel

The fragility and speed of a relationship are exposed in this novel, which follows the evolution of an emotional story at all stages: from the moment of exchanging first glances to separation, through the mystery, complexity, and confusion that characterize the relationship between a man and a woman. Moment by moment, the small details that accumulate reflect daily life in all of its authenticity and reality: from morning breakfast to clichéd personal habits, even the body's desires, instincts, and emotions, meet two civilizations and collide. The novelist depicts a love story between an Arab man and a Western woman symbolizing each other's value system, addressing the theme of the encounter or clash of civilizations between the East and the West.

## Novel's Translations

This novel has been translated into a variety of different languages. The most common translations are as follows:

* English: Printed in 2010 on the publications of the American University in Cairo and translated into English by the Palestinian writer and storyteller Fadwa al-Qasim.
* French: Printed in 2011 by «Actes sud House for publishing», translated into French by "Françoise Nerod".
* Italian: Published in 2013 by «Mizogia House for publishing», it was translated by the both Italians "Elizabeth Bartoli" and "Marco Swaffe".
* Germany: Published in 2013 by «Lenos House of publication» and translated by the German Arabist "Regina Karachouli".

1. ""Habib Selmi translation" Tunisian Electronic newspaper August 22-2014". 2020-04-14. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
2. "(The Scents of Marie Claire ) Lovers' differences between East and West, Qantara German website for dialogue with the Islamic world". 2015-09-21. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
3. ""Booker Prize" 2009 Long List", Official Website of the Global Arabic Fiction Award". 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
4. ""The fragility of love and relationship with the other through details", Al-Quds Al-Arabi Newspaper-27 February 2009 - Issue: 6137 P: 10". *proxy.etisalat.ae*. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
5. ""The Scents of Marie Claire-Habib Selmi", Emirati Sea of Culture Foundation".
6. ""The Scents of Marie-Clair-Habib Selmi" Official website of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction".
7. ""The Scents of Marie Clair-Habib Selmi- English Version", American University of Cairo Publications- International Law Journal - Autumn 2009 - p. 21" (PDF).
8. "American University Publications in Cairo-Ad".
9. ""The Scents of Marie Clair-Habib Selmi- English Version", American University of Cairo Publications-Book page".
10. ""The Novel (The Scents of Marie Claire) by Habib Selmi - French version", the site of the French house (Actes Sud)". *www.actes-sud.fr*. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
11. "Reading in novel "The Scents of Marie Claire" by Habib Selmi-Federica Araku", (el-med Door)-Journal of Mediterranean Cultures (published in Italian, Arabic and other languages) -19 February 2014". *www.babelmed.net*. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
12. "Novel "The Scents of Marie Claire" by Habib Selmi", the site of the German House of (Lenos)".
13. ""Promotion of the Arab World - Translation of books by Arab authors", the site (litpoem) German cultural".
14. ""Translation of (Regina Karachouli)" German website (Unionsverlag)". *www.unionsverlag.com* (in German). Retrieved 2022-06-21.

## InfoBox

The Scents of Marie-Claire
| Author | Habib Selmi |
| --- | --- |
| Language | Arabic |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Dar Al-Adab publishing house |
| Publication date | 2008 |
| Pages | 223 |
| ISBN | 978-9953-89-013-5 |


title: Ezra Sambu

abstract: Ezra Kenyoke Sambu is a Kenyan sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres. His personal best time is 44.43 seconds, achieved in July 2003 in Nairobi. This ranks him third in Kenya, behind Samson Kitur and Charles Gitonga, and fifth in Africa, behind Innocent Egbunike, Kitur, Gitonga and Davis Kamoga. He won gold at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games. Sambu was the captain of the Kenyan team at the 2007 All-Africa Games. He planned to retire after the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China He did not, however, participate at the Olympics. As of 2009, he is reported to be still active, although sidelined due to injury.

text:
# Ezra Sambu

**Ezra Kenyoke Sambu** (born September 4, 1978, in Marigat, Baringo County) is a Kenyan sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.

His personal best time is 44.43 seconds, achieved in July 2003 in Nairobi. This ranks him third in Kenya, behind Samson Kitur and Charles Gitonga, and fifth in Africa, behind Innocent Egbunike, Kitur, Gitonga and Davis Kamoga. He won gold at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games.

Sambu was the captain of the Kenyan team at the 2007 All-Africa Games. He planned to retire after the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China He did not, however, participate at the Olympics. As of 2009, he is reported to be still active, although sidelined due to injury.

## InfoBox

Ezra Sambu
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | September 4, 1978 |
| Medal record      Men's Athletics  Representing  Kenya  All-Africa Games  2003 Abuja 400 m  Afro-Asian Games  2003 Hyderabad 400 m | |


title: FC Luninets

abstract: FC Luninets is a Belarusian football club based in Luninets, Brest Region.

text:
# FC Luninets

**FC Luninets** is a Belarusian football club based in Luninets, Brest Region.

## History

FC Luninets was founded in 1999 and joined Belarusian Second League the same year. The team quickly overshadowed local rivals Polesye Luninets (who were already playing in Second League for several seasons) and earned a promotion to the First League from the first attempt.

Luninets fought for the promotion in their debut First League season, but ultimately finished second, losing the race to Molodechno. At the end of the year the team folded due to lack of financing.

During their short history the team was led by coach Yakov Shapiro.

At some point after their withdrawal from the First League they started playing in Brest Oblast league as an amateur team. In 2021 they rejoined Belarusian Second League.

## Current squad

*As of February 2024*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  BLR Vladislav Birukevich  GK  BLR Denis Grib  GK  BLR Aleksandr Oleshkevich  GK  BLR Andrey Sholomitskiy  DF  BLR Artem Abramchuk  DF  BLR Petr Voytekhovskiy  DF  BLR Anton Konopatskiy  DF  BLR Ruslan Konopatskiy  DF  BLR Vitaliy Kuzmich  DF  BLR Mikhail Sanyukovich  DF  BLR Ilya Sidorevich  DF  BLR Viktor Ulasevich  MF  BLR Stanislav Busko  MF  BLR Vladislav Knyrevich  MF  BLR Dmitriy Kovshik | No. Pos. Nation Player  MF  BLR Ilya Korovayevich  MF  BLR Stanislaw Kuzmin  MF  BLR Mikalay Lahun  MF  BLR Artem Lukashevich  MF  BLR Maksim Lukashevich  MF  BLR Ryhor Tarasevich  MF  BLR Nikita Tropets  MF  BLR Konstantin Shilovets  MF  BLR Andrey Yarutich  FW  BLR Viktor Velesyuk  FW  BLR Nikita Yeroshkin  FW  BLR Maksim Karpets  FW  BLR Anton Konopatskiy  FW  BLR Nikolay Simonovich  FW  BLR Fedor Stakhovets |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

FC Luninets
| Full name | Football Club Luninets |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Ground | Luninets, Brest Region, Belarus |
| Manager | Viktor Grinevich |
| League | Belarusian Second League |
| 2022 | 5th (Brest Oblast) |


title: The Bespoke Overcoat

abstract: The Bespoke Overcoat is a 1956 British black and white short film directed by Jack Clayton, based on a 1953 play of the same name by Wolf Mankowitz. The story is an adaptation of Nikolai Gogol's short story The Overcoat with the action moved from Russia to the East End of London. In this version the protagonists are poor Jews working in the clothing trade, played by Alfie Bass and David Kossoff. It won an Oscar at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957 for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel).

text:
# The Bespoke Overcoat

***The Bespoke Overcoat*** is a 1956 British black and white short film directed by Jack Clayton, based on a 1953 play of the same name by Wolf Mankowitz. The story is an adaptation of Nikolai Gogol's short story *The Overcoat* with the action moved from Russia to the East End of London. In this version the protagonists are poor Jews working in the clothing trade, played by Alfie Bass and David Kossoff. It won an Oscar at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957 for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel).

## Plot

The film titles run as a funeral takes place. A coffin is placed in the grave. We then see an overcoat being thrown on the coffin, before the grave is infilled. Morrie a Jewish tailor, speaks to himself in the mirror. He is then joined by the dead Fender. They debate the art of tailoring.

Fender is a lowly clerk in the warehouse of clothing manufacturers Ranting and Co. He complains to his boss, Mr Ranting that it is cold, and he wishes he had a good coat. Ranting ridicules him and says he will never be able to afford £20 for a good coat. He goes to a tailor friend, Morrie, to make a bespoke overcoat. They discuss the materials and the cost, which is agreed at £10.

As the coat progresses he goes for a fitting. The coat has no arms, and looks very big, but he says it is too tight under the arms. They agree that Fender will pay £2 at this stage. Ranting fires Fender. He goes to Morrie. They drink brandy by candlelight and Fender cries as he says he must cancel the order. Morrie says he will finish the coat nevertheless.

Fender lies in bed and regrets not fighting for his job, or fighting for a sheepskin coat. He coughs and coughs. He dies in his sleep. His ghost speaks to Morrie, who gives him the completed coat. However he still wants a sheepskin coat from Ranting's warehouse. The pair drink more brandy and go to the warehouse. Morrie asks if he can walk through the wall but Fender wishes to use the door.

They enter and find a rail of jackets. They agree Morrie's work is better but "Ranting owes me" he says. Fender wishes Morrie a long life and says "pray for me", as he slowly walks away into eternity. Back at his house, Morrie puts on a black skullcap and says a Jewish prayer.

## Cast

## Reception

Pauline Kael called *The Bespoke Overcoat* "one of the best short-story films ever made".

## Stage play

The play was performed at the Arts Theatre in London with Kossoff and Bass and was directed by Alec Clunes. The supporting cast was Harold Kasket and Oscar Quitak.

## InfoBox

| The Bespoke Overcoat | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Jack Clayton |
| Written by | Nikolai Gogol
Wolf Mankowitz |
| Produced by | George K. Arthur
Jack Clayton |
| Starring | Alfie Bass
David Kossoff |
| Cinematography | Wolfgang Suschitzky |
| Edited by | Stan Hawkes |
| Production
company | Romulus Films |
| Distributed by | British Lion Films |
| Release date | * 7 October 1956 (1956-10-07) |
| Running time | 33 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £5,000 |


title: Mahamud

abstract: Mahamud is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 159 inhabitants. The toponym is of Arabic origin.

text:
# Mahamud

**Mahamud** is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 159 inhabitants. The toponym is of Arabic origin.

42°07′N 3°56′W / 42.117°N 3.933°W / 42.117; -3.933

## InfoBox

| Mahamud | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| San Miguel church (13th - 18th century) | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Burgos |
| Comarca | Arlanza |
| Area | |
| Total | 33 km2 (13 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 827 m (2,713 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 112 |
| Density | 3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 09228 |
| Website | http://www.mahamud.es/ |


title: Mahamoudou Kéré

abstract: Mahamoudou Kéré is a Burkinabé former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

text:
# Mahamoudou Kéré

**Mahamoudou Kéré** (born 2 January 1982) is a Burkinabé former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

## Career

Kéré was born in Ouagadougou. On 9 June 2010, he left Charleroi SC to join Turkish side Konyaspor on a 3-year contract.

## International career

Kéré was a member of the Burkinabé 2004 African Nations Cup team, who finished bottom of their group in the first round of competition, thus failing to secure qualification for the quarter-finals.

## Career statistics

### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 21 June 2008 | Stade du 4-Août, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | Seychelles | 4–1 | Win | 2010 World Cup qualification |
| 2. | 28 March 2009 | Stade du 4-Août, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | Guinea | 4–2 | Win | 2010 World Cup qualification |
| *Correct as of 15 September 2011* | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

## InfoBox

Mahamoudou Kéré
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mahamoudou Kéré | | |
| Date of birth | (1982-01-02) 2 January 1982 | | |
| Place of birth | Ouagadougou, Republic of Upper Volta | | |
| Height | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–1997 | Santos FC | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–1998 | Santos FC | 24 | (3) |
| 1999–2010 | Charleroi | 299 | (7) |
| 2010–2012 | Konyaspor | 33 | (2) |
| 2012–2013 | Samsunspor | 24 | (4) |
| 2013– 2014 | RWDM Brussels | 20 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2000–2012 | Burkina Faso | 48 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 18 March 2016<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 18 March 2015 | | | |


title: Magdalena Petit

abstract: Magdalena Petit Marfán was a Chilean writer, notable for her popular novels La Quintrala, Los Pincheira and Los Hijos del Caleuche, inter alias. Also she wrote theater pieces, essays and biographies. She was a recipient of the Santiago Municipal Literature Award. She died in 1968, because of an accidental fall at home.

text:
# Magdalena Petit

**Magdalena Petit Marfán** (1903 in Peñaflor, Chile  1968) was a Chilean writer, notable for her popular novels *La Quintrala*, *Los Pincheira* and *Los Hijos del Caleuche*, inter alias. Also she wrote theater pieces, essays and biographies. She was a recipient of the Santiago Municipal Literature Award.

She died in 1968, because of an accidental fall at home.

## InfoBox

| Magdalena Petit Marfán | |
| --- | --- |
| Magdalena Petit on Las Terrazas Beach rocks, Pichilemu, 1918. | |
| Born | Magdalena Petit
1903
Peñaflor, Chile |
| Died | 1968 (aged 6465) |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Period | 1932-1965 |
| Genre | Drama, Biography |


title: Magdolna Patóh

abstract: Magdolna Patóh is a retired Hungarian freestyle swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay at the 1970 European Aquatics Championships. She competed in five events at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. Her best achievements were in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, where her team finished fifth and fourth in 1968 and 1972, respectively. She graduated from a college of finance and accountancy. After retiring from senior swimming she competed in the masters category.

text:
# Magdolna Patóh

**Magdolna Patóh** (born 12 May 1948) is a retired Hungarian freestyle swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay at the 1970 European Aquatics Championships. She competed in five events at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. Her best achievements were in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, where her team finished fifth and fourth in 1968 and 1972, respectively.

She graduated from a college of finance and accountancy. After retiring from senior swimming she competed in the masters category.

## InfoBox

Magdolna Patóh
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1948-05-12) 12 May 1948<br>Fiľakovo, Czechoslovakia |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 61 kg (134 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Club | Budapesti Spartacus SC |
| Medal record      Representing  Hungary  European Championships  1970 Barcelona  4×100 m freestyle | |


title: Explorer 4

abstract: Explorer 4 was an American satellite launched on 26 July 1958. It was instrumented by Dr. James van Allen's group. The Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) had initially planned two satellites for the purposes of studying the Van Allen radiation belts and the effects of nuclear explosions upon these belts, however Explorer 4 was the only such satellite launched as the other, Explorer 5, suffered launch failure. Explorer 4 was a cylindrically shaped satellite instrumented to make the first detailed measurements of charged particles trapped in the terrestrial radiation belts.

text:
# Explorer 4

**Explorer 4** was an American satellite launched on 26 July 1958. It was instrumented by Dr. James van Allen's group. The Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) had initially planned two satellites for the purposes of studying the Van Allen radiation belts and the effects of nuclear explosions upon these belts (and the Earth's magnetosphere in general), however Explorer 4 was the only such satellite launched as the other, Explorer 5, suffered launch failure.

Explorer 4 was a cylindrically shaped satellite instrumented to make the first detailed measurements of charged particles (protons and electrons) trapped in the terrestrial radiation belts.

## Juno I launch vehicle

The launch vehicle was a Juno I, a variant of the three-stage Jupiter-C with an added fourth propulsive stage, which in this case was the Explorer 4. The first stage was an upgraded Redstone liquid-fueled rocket. The second stage comprised a cluster of eleven Sergeant solid-fuel rocket motors and the third stage held three Sergeants. The booster was equipped to spin the fourth stage in increments, leading to a final rate of 750 rpm about its long axis.

## Instrument

### Charged Particle Detector

The purpose of this experiment was to extend the first measurements of the trapped radiation belt discovered with Explorer 1 and Explorer 3 and to provide measurements of artificially injected electrons from the three high-altitude Argus nuclear detonations. Four separate radiation detectors were used in the experiment: a shielded directional plastic scintillation counter sensitive to electrons (E\>700 keV) and protons (E\>10 MeV), a shielded directional caesium iodide scintillation counter sensitive to electrons (E\>20 keV) and protons (E\>400 keV), an omnidirectional Anton type 302 Geiger–Müller (GM) counter sensitive to electrons (E\>3 MeV) and protons (E\>30 MeV), and a shielded omnidirectional Anton type 302 Geiger-Müller tube sensitive to electrons (E\>5 MeV) and protons (E\>40 MeV). The plastic scintillation counter and the caesium iodide (CsI) scintillation counter were each viewed by a separate Photomultiplier tube. These detectors were mounted orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the satellite with apertures facing in opposite directions. The two GM counters were located side by side along the satellite longitudinal axis.

## Mission

Explorer 4 was launched on 26 July 1958 at 15:00:07 GMT from the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Center of the Atlantic Missile Range. The spacecraft was injected into an initial 263 × 2,213 km (163 × 1,375 mi) orbit with an inclination of 50.30° and a period of 110.20 minutes at 15:07 GMT. This was a much higher inclination and apogee than previous Explorer to allow it to sample more area at higher altitudes. Soon after orbit insertion, the spacecraft developed an end-over-end tumbling motion with a period of about 6 seconds, which affected the measurements and signal level throughout the mission.

The mission remained secret from the public for six months. The satellite telemetry was analyzed for three Operation Argus nuclear weapons tests at high altitude. Explorer 4 was in orbit and operational during the three Project Argus launches 27 August 1958 to 6 September 1958, part of the mission objective was to observe the effects of these high-altitude A-bomb detonations on the space environment.

An unexpected tumble motion of the satellite made the interpretation of the detector data very difficult. The low-power transmitter and the plastic scintillator detector failed on 3 September 1958. The two Geiger-Müller tubes and the caesium iodide crystal detectors continued to operate normally until 19 September 1958. The high-power transmitter ceased sending signals on 5 October 1958. It is believed that exhaustion of the power batteries caused these failures. The spacecraft decayed from orbit after 454 days on 23 October 1959.

## InfoBox

Explorer 4
| Explorer 4 instruments | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | Explorer IV
1958 Epsilon 1 |
|  | |
| Mission type | Earth science |
| Operator | JPL / Army Ballistic Missile Agency |
| Harvard designation | 1958 Epsilon 1 |
| COSPAR ID | 1958-005A |
| SATCAT no. | 00009 |
| Mission duration | 71 days (achieved) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Explorer IV |
| Spacecraft type | Science Explorer |
| Bus | Explorer 1 |
| Manufacturer | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| Launch mass | 25.50 kg (56.2 lb) |
| Dimensions | Cylinder: 94.6 cm (37.2 in) long,
16.5 cm (6.5 in) in diameter,
Total length with attached rocket motor: 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 26 July 1958, 15:00:57 GMT |
| Rocket | Juno I (RS-24) |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral, LC-5 |
| Contractor | Army Ballistic Missile Agency |
| Entered service | 26 July 1958 |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | 5 October 1958 |
| Decay date | 23 October 1959 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Medium Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 263 km (163 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 2,213 km (1,375 mi) |
| Inclination | 50.30° |
| Period | 110.20 minutes |
|  | |
| Instruments | |
| Charged Particle Detector | |
| **Explorer program** | |


title: Explorer 32

abstract: Explorer 32, also known as Atmosphere Explorer-B (AE-B), was a NASA satellite launched by the United States to study the Earth's upper atmosphere. It was launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta C1 launch vehicle, on 25 May 1966. It was the second of five "Atmosphere Explorer", the first being Explorer 17. Though it was placed in a higher-than-expected orbit by a malfunctioning second stage on its launch vehicle, Explorer 32 returned data for ten months before failing due to a sudden depressurization. The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 22 February 1985.

text:
# Explorer 32

**Explorer 32**, also known as **Atmosphere Explorer-B** (**AE-B**), was a NASA satellite launched by the United States to study the Earth's upper atmosphere. It was launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta C1 launch vehicle, on 25 May 1966. It was the second of five "Atmosphere Explorer", the first being Explorer 17. Though it was placed in a higher-than-expected orbit by a malfunctioning second stage on its launch vehicle, Explorer 32 returned data for ten months before failing due to a sudden depressurization. The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 22 February 1985.

## Background

Explorer 32 was built by Goddard Space Flight Center, as a successor to Explorer 17, which it strongly resembled, to directly measure the temperature, composition, density, and pressure of the upper atmosphere. Its main differences from the prior satellite were the addition of a tape recorder for data storage, solar cells to charge onboard batteries, a magnetic torquer to stabilize the satellite's spin, and a 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer for sensing the satellites aspect (facing) in orbit.

## Spacecraft

Explorer 32 was a stainless steel, vacuum-sealed sphere, of 0.889 m (2 ft 11.0 in) in diameter. It carried one ion spectrometer, two neutral mass spectrometers, three magnetron density gauges, and two electrostatic probes. It used a tape recorder to save data that was acquired when the satellite was not in range of one of the 13 ground stations. It was powered by silver zinc batteries and a solar cell array mounted on the satellite exterior.

## Experiments

### Electron Temperature and Density

The objective of this experiment was to measure the distribution of electron temperature and densities from 10.E3 to 10.E6 electrons/cc using a swept voltage electron probe.

### Ion Mass Spectrometer

This experiment was designed to obtain a description of the concentrations of the ion species in the topside ionosphere (principally atomic hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and oxygen), as a function of time, location, and solar and geomagnetic activity.

The spectrometer sensor consisted of a 5-3 cycle ceramic tube with 5-mm grid spacing and an external guard ring assembly. Two RF frequencies, 3.7 and 9.0 MHz, were used with a trapezoidal-shaped sweep voltage to cover the ion mass range 12 to 19, and 1 and 4 atomic mass units (u) assuring detection of the primary ionic constituents of the topside ionosphere. An experiment turn-on consisted of one complete mass scan in 208-seconds followed by recycling of the sweep voltage and a second measurement of the high mass range. The stopping potential and the guard ring potential controlled the sensitivity of the spectrometer, and each voltage was commandable from the ground. The ion current reaching the spectrometer was measured by a series of five-decade amplifiers with a particle sensitivity range of from about 10 x 1.E6 ions/cc. An automatic calibrator functioned once during each turn-on to supply two known signals to the amplifier system and to the sweep monitor. Amplifier characteristics were calculated from the response to these pulses. The spectrometer tube was mounted on the equator of the almost spherically shaped spacecraft. The spacecraft spin period and attitude were magnetically controlled so that the spin axis remained essentially normal to the orbit plane and, consequently, the spectrometer orifice was aligned with the satellite velocity vector once each rotation. The spin rate was 29 ±1 rpm. Since the mass range was scanned slowly compared with the spin period, each peak in the ion spectrum was modulated at the spin frequency, with the ion current maxima occurring when the angle between the spectrometer axis and velocity vector was a minimum.

### Neutral Particle Magnetic Mass Spectrometer

Two double-focusing magnetic mass spectrometers were used to measure the composition of the neutral (uncharged) atmosphere between 285 km (177 mi) and 1,000 km (620 mi). One was mounted on the equator of the spherical satellite normal to the spin axis, and the other was mounted on the top of the satellite parallel to the spin axis. The neutral particles were ionized by electron bombardment and separated according to mass-to-charge ratio (M/Q) in the analyzer section of the instrument. There was one collector cup for each of seven different ion species. An electrometer amplifier, which had two sensitivity ranges differing by a factor of 100, sampled the seven collectors sequentially. The dwell time on a specific mass and sensitivity range was 2.4-seconds. The first four of the fifteen 2.4-seconds steps of a cycle were devoted to correcting any zero drift of the electrometer and to recording the low- and high-sensitivity zero levels. The ion currents were then measured in high sensitivity for M/Q equal to 2 (molecular hydrogen), 4 (helium), and 14 (atomic nitrogen) and in high and low sensitivity for M/Q equal to 28 (molecular nitrogen), 32 (molecular oxygen), 16 (atomic oxygen), and 18 (water vapor). The time for one complete cycle was 36-seconds. The experiment was designed to work in 4-minutes intervals, during which it would return real-time data when in range of a ground station, or store the data on tape recorder until one was available.

### Pressure Gauges

Three cold-cathode magnetron type density gauges (Redhead ionization gauges), each with its own high voltage supply and output electrometer, were flown to measure the density of the neutral atmosphere as a function of altitude, time, latitude, and solar and geomagnetic activity. One gauge was designated as NRC-528 and the other two as GCA-R5 to reflect different origins. Mounted on the satellite equator was one gauge of each designation, with the third gauge mounted 55° above the equator. The metal-ceramic GCA-R5 gauges had an internal magnetic field of about 0.1 T and contained radioactive material deposited on the anode to permit operation at low atmospheric densities (less than 10.E-17 g/cc) with the anode potential fixed at 3500 volts. The GCA-R5 equatorially mounted gauge had a linear range switchable electrometer output, and high-resolution current measurements were obtained. The remaining two gauge outputs were through logarithmic electrometers. All electrometers were calibrated once each turn-on. The time resolution of the measurements was 2-seconds, which was equal to the satellite spin period and corresponded to a spatial resolution of 6 km (3.7 mi) along the orbit path.

### Satellite Drag Atmospheric Density

Because of its symmetrical shape, Explorer 32 was selected by the experimenters for use in determining upper atmospheric density as a function of altitude, latitude, season, and solar activity. This experiment was planned prior to launch. Density values near perigee were deduced from sequential observations of the spacecraft position, using optical (Baker-Nunn camera network) and radio and/or radar tracking techniques. This experiment resulted in the successful determination of reasonable density values.

## Mission

Explorer 32 was launched on 25 May 1966 at 14:00:00 GMT from LC-17B by a Thor-Delta C1 launch vehicle. The second stage did not cut off when commanded, instead continuing for an additional eight seconds until its propellant was exhausted. This resulted in the satellite ending up in a much higher apogee orbit than intended (1,688 km (1,049 mi) versus 750 km (470 mi)—similar overthrusts had occurred with Thor-Delta in the launches of TIROS-9 and GEOS-A. Nevertheless, the satellite returned usable data.

Electronic malfunctions of the logic of the two spectrometers caused one instrument to fail after just 4 days in orbit and the other after 7 days, but good data was received until then.

Explorer 32 returned data from its other experiments over the next 10 months, at which point Explorer 32 suffered a depressurization which led to battery failure; NASA determined the cause to be either meteoroid strike or weld rupture of the spacecraft's shell. On 3 March, one of the electron temperature probes was disabled, but the other probe and the ion mass spectrometer operated well until 22 March. The probe went silent on 26 March, and ground support was terminated 31 March.

The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 22 February 1985.

## Results and legacy

With all mission objectives achieved, Explorer 32 was declared a success in December 1966. Papers based on satellite data were first presented at the 17-20 April 1967 meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Washington D.C., additional results being reported at London's COSPAR meetings in July.

Ion mass spectrometer data were acquired in real time by 13 ground stations and over remote areas by use of a spacecraft tape recorder. The useful satellite lifetime of 10 months permitted a global study of the diurnal variation of the atmosphere during nearly two complete diurnal cycles, since the orbit plane precessed one revolution each 5.5 months. With the data obtained, several studies were undertaken including: (1) the diurnal and seasonal variation of atmospheric ion composition, (2) the effect of atmospheric winds on the atomic hydrogen-atomic oxygen ion transition level, (3) the density and temporal variation of thermospheric atomic hydrogen, and (4) the altitude variation of ion composition in the midlatitude trough region. The instrument flown was similar in design to ion spectrometers flown on the Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (OGO) satellite series.

Satellite measurements of neutral particle and electron density provided direct evidence that gravity waves in the thermosphere's F region are in part responsible for the wave-like structure of its electron density.

When the satellite was near perigee, it was observed by networks of ground-based Baker-Nunn cameras, as well as being tracked by radio and radar. By measuring the change of the satellite's orbit due to atmospheric drag, it was determined that the models derived from Explorer 17 had been off by 35%, mostly due to calibration errors. Thus, Explorer 32 afforded a much improved map of air density at an altitude of around 260 km (160 mi). This information proved even more useful when combined with the data set of OV3-2, an U.S. Air Force satellite in orbit concurrently.

## InfoBox

Explorer 32
| Explorer 32 satellite | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | AE-B
Atmosphere Explorer-B |
|  | |
| Mission type | Earth science |
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1966-044A |
| SATCAT no. | 02183 |
| Website | Explorer 32 |
| Mission duration | 10 months (achieved) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Explorer XXXII |
| Spacecraft type | Atmosphere Explorer |
| Bus | AE |
| Manufacturer | Goddard Space Flight Center |
| Launch mass | 224.5 kg (495 lb) |
| Power | Silver zinc batteries and
Solar cells |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 25 May 1966, 14:00:00 GMT |
| Rocket | Thor-Delta C1 (Thor 436 / Delta 038) |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral, LC-17B |
| Contractor | Douglas Aircraft Company |
| Entered service | 25 May 1966 |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | March 1967 |
| Decay date | 22 February 1985 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 276 km (171 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 2,725 km (1,693 mi) |
| Inclination | 64.67° |
| Period | 116.00 minutes |
|  | |
| Instruments | |
| Electron Temperature and Density
Ion Mass Spectrometer
Neutral Particle Magnetic Mass Spectrometer
Pressure Gauges
Satellite Drag Atmospheric Density | |
| **Explorers program** Atmosphere Explorer | |


title: Özalp (given name)

abstract:
Özalp is a masculine Turkish given name. The name is produced by using two Turkish words: öz and alp. In Turkish, öz means "soul", "nucleus", and/or "self" whereas alp means "stouthearted", "brave", "chivalrous", "daredevil", "valorous", and/or "gallant". Therefore, Özalp means "immanently gallant" or "inherently valorous". Notable persons with the given name Özalp include:
  - Özalp Babaoğlu, Turkish computer scientist

text:
# Özalp (given name)

**Özalp** is a masculine Turkish given name. The name is produced by using two Turkish words: *öz* and *alp*. In Turkish, *öz* means "soul", "nucleus", and/or "self" whereas *alp* means "stouthearted", "brave", "chivalrous", "daredevil", "valorous", and/or "gallant". Therefore, Özalp means "immanently gallant" or "inherently valorous".

Notable persons with the given name Özalp include:

## InfoBox

Özalp
| Gender | Masculine |
| --- | --- |
| Language(s) | Turkish |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | Alp |
| Derivation | 1. *öz*
2. *alp* |
| Meaning | 1. "soul", "nucleus", "self"
2. "stouthearted", "brave", "chivalrous", "daredevil", "valorous", "gallant" |
| Other names | |
| Anglicisation(s) | Ozalp |
| See also | Alp, Alparslan, Alper, Alpay, Özgür |


title: Omaha Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant

abstract: The Omaha Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant is located at 1514-1524 Cuming Street in North Omaha, Nebraska. In its 16 years of operation, the plant employed 1,200 people and built approximately 450,000 cars and trucks. In the 1920s, it was Omaha's second-biggest shipper.

text:
# Omaha Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant

The **Omaha Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant** is located at 1514-1524 Cuming Street in North Omaha, Nebraska. In its 16 years of operation, the plant employed 1,200 people and built approximately 450,000 cars and trucks. In the 1920s, it was Omaha's second-biggest shipper.

## History

### Ford plant

The plant was designed by Albert Kahn as a Model T assembly plant, and built in 1916. Its design represents an important step in the development of Ford's assembly process. Previously, each step in the assembly of an automobile had taken place in a different building, which entailed a cost in time and labor to move the product from one building to another. From 1903 to 1916, Kahn designed "all-under-one-roof" buildings for a variety of manufacturers. In such buildings, Ford's usual practice was to begin assembly on the top floor and move downward until the product was finished at ground level. The Omaha plant was an exception to this: assembly began on the lowest floor and moved upward. It is speculated that the roof was used for storage of finished automobiles.

In 1917, Kahn designed the first single-floor assembly plant with a continuous moving assembly line at Ford's Rouge River plant. This design supplanted the older one; the Model A, which replaced the Model T, used a continuous line that could not be installed in the Omaha plant. Assembly ceased at the Omaha plant in 1932. Ford continued to use the building as a sales and service center until 1955.

### Post-Ford

After Ford's departure, the building was used as a warehouse by the Western Electric Company from 1956 to 1959. It was then vacant until 1963, when it was occupied by Tip Top Products, an Omaha manufacturer of liquid solder, hair accessories, and other plastic goods founded by Carl W. Renstrom. Tip Top left the building in 1986, after which it was again vacant for several years. It served as a tire warehouse and retail outlet for some time, but then fell vacant again.

In 2005, the building was opened as TipTop Apartments, a mixed-use building with office space on the first floor and with 96 loft-style apartments on the upper levels; an adjoining building houses a banquet-and-conference center.

1. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
2. Larsen, Cotrell, Daub and Daub. (2007) *Upstream metropolis: An urban biography of Omaha and Council Bluffs.* University of Nebraska Press. p 185.
3. Honebrink, Jennifer. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Omaha Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant".\[usurped\] Nebraska State Historical Society.\[usurped\] Retrieved 2011-10-27.
4. Snider, Diane. "Carl Renstrom". Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine Omaha Innovators. Archived 2012-02-26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2011-10-27.
5. "Downtown Development". Archived 2012-03-18 at the Wayback Machine Greater Omaha Economic Development Partnership. Retrieved 2011-10-27.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Omaha Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Ford assembly plant, now TipTop Apartments; seen from the east | |
|  | |
| Location | Omaha, Nebraska |
| Coordinates | 41°16′5″N 95°56′11″W / 41.26806°N 95.93639°W / 41.26806; -95.93639 |
| Built | 1916 |
| Architect | Albert Kahn |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals |
| NRHP reference No. | 04001412 |
| Added to NRHP | December 29, 2004 |