title: Timeline of the Chinese Civil War

abstract: The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a CCP victory and control of mainland China in the Chinese Communist Revolution. The following is a chronological timeline of the history of the Chinese Civil War (1912–1949):

text:
# Timeline of the Chinese Civil War

The **Chinese Civil War** was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a CCP victory and control of mainland China in the Chinese Communist Revolution.

The following is a chronological timeline of the history of the Chinese Civil War (1912–1949):

## Background (pre 1927)

| **Date** | **Event** | **Key Figures** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19241927 | First United Front |  | Formed in 1924 as an alliance of the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to end warlordism in China. Together they formed the National Revolutionary Army and set out in 1926 on the Northern Expedition. |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |

## First phase: Communist insurgency (1927–1937)

From August 1927 to 1937, the First United Front collapsed during the Northern Expedition, and the Nationalists controlled most of China.

| **Date** | **Event** | **Key Figures** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 April 1927 | Shanghai massacre |  | The violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT). |
| 24 December 19377  April 1947 | Second United Front |  | An alliance between the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to resist the Japanese invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1945. |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |

## Interlude: Second Sino-Japanese War period (1937–1945)

From 1937 to 1945, hostilities were mostly put on hold as the Second United Front fought the Japanese invasion of China with eventual help from the Allies of World War II, although co-operation between the KMT and CCP during this time was minimal and armed clashes between the groups were common. Events below are related to the Chinese Civil War during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).

| **Date** | **Event** | **Key Figures** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 1941 | New Fourth Army incident |  | The Communist New Fourth Army attacked Nationalist forces under Han Deqin. |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |

## Second phase: resumption of civil war (1945–1949)

The CCP gained control of mainland China and proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949, forcing the leadership of the Republic of China to retreat to the island of Taiwan.

| **Date** | **Event** | **Key Figures** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 August 1945 | Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance |  | A treaty signed by the National Government of the Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 14 August 1945. |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |

### Bibliography

* Bernstein, R. (2015). China 1945: Mao's revolution and America's fateful choice. Vintage.
* Fairbank, J. K., & Goldman, M. (2006). China: A new history (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press.
* Fenby, J. (2009). Modern China: The fall and rise of a great power, 1850 to the present. Harper Perennial.
* Fenby, J. (2014). Chiang Kai Shek: China's generalissimo and the nation he lost. Carroll & Graf.
* Gillin, D. (2011). The Last Imperial War: Warlords, Revolutionaries, and the Making of Modern China, 1927–1950. Bloomsbury Academic.
* Griffith, S. G. (2013). Chinese Civil War and the Korean War: Military Strategy and Tactics. Taylor & Francis.
* Hsiung, J. C., & Levine, S. I. (Eds.). (1992). China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. M.E. Sharpe.
* Lawrance, A. (2017). The Chinese Civil War 1945–49. Bloomsbury Academic.
* Lynch, M. (2010). The Chinese Civil War, 1945–49. Osprey Publishing.
* Mao, Z., & Schram, S. (1966). Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung. Little Red Book.
* Meisner, M. (1999). Mao's China and after: A history of the People's Republic. Free Press.
* Mitter, R. (2013). China's war with Japan, 1937-1945: The struggle for survival. Harvard University Press.
* Schaller, M. (1989). The US Crusade in China, 1938–1945. Columbia University Press.
* Schram, S. R. (1966). Mao Tse-tung. Simon and Schuster.
* Spence, J. D. (1991). The search for modern China. W.W. Norton & Company.
* Tuchman, B. W. (2014). Stilwell and the American experience in China, 1911–45. Random House.
* Van de Ven, H. (2017). The Chinese Civil War: A military history. Cambridge University Press.
* Van de Ven, H. (2003). War and nationalism in China, 1925–1945. Routledge.
* Westad, O. A. (2003). The Chinese Civil War: 1945–1949. Basic Books.
* Zarrow, P. (2005). China in war and revolution, 1895–1949. Routledge.

### Notes

### Citations

1. Li, Xiaobing (2012). *China at War: An Encyclopedia*. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 295. ISBN 9781598844153. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
2. Lew, Christopher R.; Leung, Pak-Wah, eds. (2013). *Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Civil War*. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 3. ISBN 978-0810878730. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
3. Lew, Christopher R.; Leung, Pak-Wah, eds. (2013). *Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Civil War*. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 3. ISBN 978-0810878730. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2017.


title: Tigers of the Sea

abstract: Tigers of the Sea is a collection of fantasy short stories by Robert E. Howard about the pirate Cormac Mac Art, a Gael who joins a band of Danish Vikings during the reign of King Arthur. Tigers of the Sea was first published in 1974 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 3,400 copies. The stories feature Howard's character Cormac Mac Art; the volume was edited by Richard L. Tierney. Except for one, the stories are pure historical fiction, dealing with struggles between various groups of human beings waged by mundane human weapons. The exception is "The Temple of Abomination", in which Cormac Mac Art and his Viking fellows defeat the last of the monstrous Serpent Men, whom King Kull fought in the much earlier Howardian cycle.

text:
# Tigers of the Sea

***Tigers of the Sea*** is a collection of fantasy short stories by Robert E. Howard about the pirate Cormac Mac Art, a Gael who joins a band of Danish Vikings during the reign of King Arthur. (Historically, Cormac Mac Art is the name of a famous High King of Ireland, but among the many legends told of him there is no reference to him having been a pirate.)

*Tigers of the Sea* was first published in 1974 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 3,400 copies. The stories feature Howard's character Cormac Mac Art; the volume was edited by Richard L. Tierney.

Except for one, the stories are pure historical fiction, dealing with struggles between various groups of human beings waged by mundane human weapons. The exception is "The Temple of Abomination", in which Cormac Mac Art and his Viking fellows defeat the last of the monstrous Serpent Men, whom King Kull fought in the much earlier Howardian cycle.

## Contents

* Introduction, by Richard L. Tierney
* "Tigers of the Sea" (by Howard, completed by Tierney)
* "Swords of the Northern Sea"
* "The Night of the Wolf"
* "The Temple of Abomination" (by Howard, completed by Tierney)

## Robert E. Howard Library Vol. I: Cormac Mac Art.

The stories of Cormac Mac Art were also printed by Baen Books in 1995. This edition included the same stories from *Tigers of the Sea* with an additional new story, "The Land Towards Sunset", published by author David Drake

## Cormac Mac Art and Wulfhere the Skull-Splitter

Originally, Cormac Mac Art (nicknamed an Cluiun - "The Wolf") was a member of the Irish Reivers - bold pirates who range far among the ruins of the Roman Empire, reaching Spain and on occasion even Egypt, though their ships are less sound than those of the Scandinavian Vikings. Usually, Reivers and Vikings are on bad terms with each other - being competitors for the same loot.

However, at one point, Cormac Mac Art (for unspecified reasons) became an outlaw and had to leave Ireland in a hurry. Soon, he found refuge and a new home among the Danish Vikings led by Wulfhere the Skull-Splitter. He became Wulfhere's right hand man, the two of them complementing each other and working harmoniously together.

The giant Wulfhere is a bellicose and formidable fighter, quite deserving of his nickname. He is impetuous, easily roused, and on bad terms with most of the other Viking leaders - though not overtly cruel and capable at times of surprising compassion. Cormac Mac Art, though a formidable swordsman in his own right when in need, is a more subtle man: well-informed on the affairs of the numerous kingdoms, tribes, and factions inhabiting the turbulent British Islands and beyond. He's also a fluent speaker of many languages, a competent spy able to infiltrate enemy strongholds, and the originator of complicated or intricate plots. Cormac has many enemies, Irish as well as Scandinavian, who would dearly love to put an end to his career - but he manages to elude them, again and again.

Wulfhere appreciates Cormac's advice and mostly follows it, while Cormac accepts Wulfhere's leadership of the band and has no intention of challenging it. Together, they go through many dangerous adventures and emerge from various near-fatal traps.

Like most Irish people of his time, Cormac is a Pagan, a staunch believer of the Druidic religion, and his opinion towards Christianity is far from positive - though in "The Temple of Abomination" he (like his Danish fellows) comes to respect the courage and dedication of a Christian priest whom they save from the monstrous snake-man.

## Andrew Offutt novels

Andrew Offutt continued Cormac Mac Art's adventures beyond where Howard left off, writing no less than six such novels (some of them in collaboration with Keith Taylor).

* *Sword of the Gael* (1975)
* *The Undying Wizard* (1976)
* *The Sign of the Moonbow* (1977)
* *The Mists of Doom* (1977)
* *When Death Birds Fly* (1980, with Keith Taylor)
* *The Tower of Death* (1982, with Keith Taylor)

## Arthurian background

In *The Temple of Abomination* Cormac tells his Danish companions about King Arthur - a view significantly different from that seen in the Arthurian legends.

> "... most of the chiefs are gathering about Arthur Pendragon for a great concerted drive. Pendragon — ha! He's no more Uther Pendragon's son than you \[Wulfhere\] are. Uther was a black-bearded madman — more Roman than Briton and more Gaul than Roman. Arthur is as fair as Eric here. And he's pure Celt — a waif from one of the wild western tribes that never bowed to Rome. It was Lancelot who put it into his head to make himself king — else he had still been no more than a wild chief raiding the borders."
>
> "Has he become smooth and polished like the Romans were?"
>
> "Arthur? Ha! One of your Danes might seem a gentlewoman beside him. He's a shock-headed savage with a love for battle." Cormac grinned ferociously and touched his scars. "By the blood of the gods, he has a hungry sword! It's little gain we reivers from Erin have gotten on his coasts!"
>
> "Would I could cross steel with him," grunted Wulfhere, thumbing the flaring edge of his great axe. "What of Lancelot?"
>
> "A renegade Gallo-Roman who has made an art of throat-cutting. He varies reading Petronius with plotting and intriguing. Gawaine is a pure-blooded Briton like Arthur, but he has Romanish leanings. You'd laugh to see him aping Lancelot — but he fights like a blood-hungry devil. Without those two, Arthur would have been no more than a bandit chief. He can neither read nor write."
>
> "What of that?" rumbled the Dane. "Neither can I. ..."

Though Cormac obviously had some direct contact with Arthur and Lancelot before his exile from Ireland, they never appear onstage in the stories about him - most of which take place much further to the north, in the islands around Scotland. As depicted in the stories, in his own time Arthur and his court were not as much in the center of attention as the later myth would imply, since there was very much else going on in the British Islands. There were the Saxons, Angles, and Jutes pushing westwards against the Britons; further north, the Gaels pushing eastwards against the Picts; and pirates and rovers, Irish and Scandinavian, constantly raiding everybody. Each of these groups could at any moment come into conflict with any of the others, or burst into internecine conflict between different factions; especially, among the Scandinavian Vikings, there is a deep hatred and enmity between Danes and Norwegians. Alliances of convenience might also be formed from time to time - for example, Vikings are seen as occasionally forming alliances with Britons against the Saxons. Obviously, the Arthurian tales passed on to later generation would reflect only a small fraction of all these complicated conflicts occurring during Arthur's time.

Such an "outsider" view of King Arthur is very rare in the extensive Arthurian Literature, Medieval or Modern. Virtually the only other example of such an approach is Alfred Duggan's *Conscience of the King*, which tries to reconstruct how Arthur was seen by his Saxon foes.

* Chalker, Jack L.; Mark Owings (1998). *The Science-Fantasy Publishers: A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998*. Westminster, MD and Baltimore: Mirage Press, Ltd. p. 322.

## InfoBox

Tigers of the Sea
| Cover of the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert E. Howard |
| Illustrator | Tim Kirk |
| Cover artist | Tim Kirk |
| Language | English |
| Series | Cormac Mac Art |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. |
| Publication date | 1974 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | 212 pp |
| OCLC | 1372467 |


title: Timișoara West railway station

abstract: Timișoara West railway station is a station located in Freidorf district of Timișoara. Crossed by CFR Line 926 (Timișoara–Cruceni), the station is currently transited mainly by freight trains serving the fuel depots in the area; a single passenger train connects Timișoara to Cruceni, a village located 49 km from the city. Traffic on the 49-km-long Timișoara–Cruceni railway began on 31 July 1897. Timișoara West originally had a Class III station building with a side wing. A new station was built in the 1970s about 350 m from the old building. Over time, it had several names, depending on the politico-historical context: at the time of the inauguration of the Timișoara–Cruceni railway it was named Szabadfalu, after World War I it was called Sâmbăta, and after World War II Freidorf; it got its current name in the 1970s.

text:
# Timișoara West railway station

**Timișoara West railway station** is a station located in Freidorf district of Timișoara. Crossed by CFR Line 926 (Timișoara–Cruceni), the station is currently transited mainly by freight trains serving the fuel depots in the area; a single passenger train connects Timișoara to Cruceni, a village located 49 km from the city.

Traffic on the 49-km-long Timișoara–Cruceni railway began on 31 July 1897. Timișoara West originally had a Class III station building with a side wing (opened in 1897, in the same year as the railway). A new station was built in the 1970s about 350 m from the old building. Over time, it had several names, depending on the politico-historical context: at the time of the inauguration of the Timișoara–Cruceni railway it was named *Szabadfalu* (the Hungarian name of Freidorf), after World War I it was called *Sâmbăta*, and after World War II *Freidorf*; it got its current name in the 1970s.

## InfoBox

| Timișoara West railway station
Gara Timișoara Vest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1 Dumitru Bagdasar Street, Timișoara
Romania |
| Coordinates | 45°43′33″N 21°10′18″E / 45.72583°N 21.17167°E / 45.72583; 21.17167 |
| Owned by | Căile Ferate Române |
| Operated by | Căile Ferate Române |
| Line(s) | CFR Line 926 (Timișoara–Cruceni) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


abstract: "Til the World Ends" is a song written by Dave Loggins and performed by Three Dog Night, who in 1972 had had a Top 20 hit with Loggins' "Pieces of April": produced by Bob Monaco and Jimmy Ienner and arranged by Jimmie Haskell, "Til the World Ends" was featured on the 1975 Three Dog Night album, Coming Down Your Way. The final Top 40 hit for Three Dog Night, "Til the World Ends" reached #32 on the Hot 100 in Billboard also ranking on the magazine's Adult Contemporary chart with a #11 peak. Outside of the US, "Til the World Ends" went to #26 on the Canadian pop chart in 1975, and reached #9 on the Canadian adult contemporary chart.

text:
# Til the World Ends (Three Dog Night song)

"**Til the World Ends**" is a song written by Dave Loggins and performed by Three Dog Night, who in 1972 had had a Top 20 hit with Loggins' "Pieces of April": produced by Bob Monaco and Jimmy Ienner and arranged by Jimmie Haskell, "Til the World Ends" was featured on the 1975 Three Dog Night album, *Coming Down Your Way*.

The final Top 40 hit for Three Dog Night, "Til the World Ends" reached #32 on the Hot 100 in *Billboard* also ranking on the magazine's Adult Contemporary chart with a #11 peak. Outside of the US, "Til the World Ends" went to #26 on the Canadian pop chart in 1975, and reached #9 on the Canadian adult contemporary chart.

## InfoBox

| "Til the World Ends" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Three Dog Night | |
| from the album  *Coming Down Your Way* | |
| B-side | "Yo Te Quiero Hablar (Take You Down)" |
| Released | July 1975 |
| Genre | Adult Contemporary, Soft Rock |
| Length | 3:31 |
| Label | ABC |
| Songwriter(s) | Dave Loggins |
| Producer(s) | Bob Monaco, Jimmy Ienner |
| Three Dog Night singles chronology | |
| "Play Something Sweet (Brickyard Blues)"
(1974) "**Til the World Ends**"
(1975) "Everybody's a Masterpiece"
(1976) | |


title: Yizheng High School

abstract: Yizheng High School was built in 1942 in Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. In 1980, it was named one of the first established high schools in Jiangsu Province. In 1992, it was identified as a qualified high school of Jiangsu Province. In 2004, it became a four-star ordinary high school.

text:
# Yizheng High School

**Yizheng High School** (Chinese: 仪征中学) was built in 1942 in Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. In 1980, it was named one of the first established high schools in Jiangsu Province. In 1992, it was identified as a qualified high school of Jiangsu Province. In 2004, it became a four-star ordinary high school.

## Brief introduction

Jiangsu Yizheng High School now has 48 classes, 2400 students and 189 school staff (159 full-time teachers) including 4 special-grade teachers, 50 senior teachers and 52 first-grade teachers.

## Mission, philosophy, principle

The school has an educational mission of "being a first-class school of three dimensions and educating a batch of high-qualified Chinese citizens". Its educational philosophy is "people oriented, moral first, legal administration, rule following". Its educational principle is "education is basic, quality is life, teaching is core, scientific is backbone, management is guarantee, a teacher is the key, a leader is serving, development is the absolute principle".

The school is dedicated to modernizing the facilities and to modernizing the teaching system, evaluation system, teaching staff and school management.

* "江苏省仪征中学欢迎您！ - Powered by SiteServer CMS". Jsyzzx.cn. Retrieved 2012-05-08.
*


title: Microlearning

abstract: Microlearning refers to a set of compact e-learning modules that are designed to reduce learner fatigue. The modules can be educational, professional, or skill-based, and are usually designed to be less than 20 minutes long, with a single learning objective or topic. The name originates from the Greek word 'micro' meaning 'small'.

text:
# Microlearning

**Microlearning** refers to a set of compact e-learning modules that are designed to reduce learner fatigue. The modules can be educational, professional, or skill-based, and are usually designed to be less than 20 minutes long, with a single learning objective or topic. The name originates from the Greek word 'micro' meaning 'small'.

## Concept

As an instructional technology, microlearning focuses on the design of learning modules through microsteps in digital media environments. These activities can be incorporated into the learner's daily routines and tasks. Unlike "traditional" e-learning approaches, microlearning often tends towards push technology through push media, which reduces the cognitive load on the learner. In a wide sense, microlearning can be understood as a metaphor which refers to micro-aspects of a variety of learning models, concepts, and processes and is capable enough to address challenges associated with the learning process. Breaking the information down into topical, bite-sized chunks helps to increase attention and promotes higher retention rates. Research shows that microlearning can result in significant increase of exam pass rates (up to 18%). The technique has also been shown to increase learner confidence with the material.

A modern definition of microlearning refers to a learning technique that involves bite-size lessons to engage learners in the process. Furthermore, microlearning marks a transition from common models of learning towards micro-perspectives on, and the significance of, micro-dimensions in the process of learning. Microlearning has also been considered as a promising topic in work-based learning, and the applications of microlearning have been widely studied in different fields. As of 2020, there were at least 476 relevant publications exploring the concept. The technique is capable of addressing challenges associated with slow learners. It is functional not only for skill-based education but also for sustainable socioeconomic development, and without taking care of micro-perspectives in the context of learning, education, training, and skill development, a skill-based education cannot be imparted effectively.

## Framework

A microlearning framework is characterized by the following parameters:

* **Time**. Microlearning modules are specifically designed as concise and short courses.

* **Content**. The design allows course content to be divided into smaller segments that would usually cover a single topic.

* **Curriculum**. A short course covering a specific topic or a series of short courses covering a bigger module.

* **Form**. It could vary depending on its intended use, like knowledge nuggets, episodes, skill sets, etc.

* **Process**. The process of microlearning involves an integrated learning segment that could be in the form of in-person sessions, video, or text, followed by an assessment to gauge the learner's performance.

* **Media**. In-person classes or distance learning, both of which may be based on multimedia activities.

## Subscription learning

Subscription learning provides an intermittent stream of learning-related interactions to subscribers. These learning-related interactions (also called "nuggets") can involve a great variety of learning-related events, including content presentation, diagnostics, scenario-based questions, job aids, reflection questions, assignments, discussions, etc. Nuggets are short, usually presented in less than ten minutes. Nuggets are intentionally scheduled over time to support learning, often utilizing research-based findings related to the spacing effect. Learners subscribe (or are subscribed) to one or more series of learning nuggets, called "threads". Learning threads can be predesigned, selecting nuggets based on anticipated learner needs, or they can be dynamically created based on learner performance.

## Action plan

Microlearning activity can be designed as an individual or group experience with appropriate prompts to gauge performance of the learners. The focus, however, is to keep the information short and relevant in order to maintain concentration. The activity itself could include reading a paragraph, listening to an informational podcast, watching a video clip, etc. Once observation of the content is completed, it is then followed by assessment in the form of short quizzes, micro-games, reflection of viewed content, etc. The content of the design depends upon the mode of delivery. For example, an informational podcast would be more suitable for self-paced learners who have access to the relevant source; on the other hand, reading a paragraph from a book could be more functional for more traditional learners.

## Examples

* Screensavers which prompt the user to solve a small series of simple tasks after a certain amount of inactivity
* Quizzes with multiple choice options on cell phones by use of SMS or mobile applications (Java midlets, Symbian)
* Word of the day as a daily RSS feed or email
* Flashcard software for memorizing content through spaced repetition
* Short videos (2–10 minutes), either presented standalone or in a series

1. Díaz Redondo, Rebeca P.; Caeiro Rodríguez, Manuel; López Escobar, Juan José; Fernández Vilas, Ana (2021-01-01). "Integrating micro-learning content in traditional e-learning platforms". *Multimedia Tools and Applications*. **80** (2): 3121–3151. doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09523-z. hdl:11093/2088. ISSN 1573-7721. S2CID 254870171.
2. Sirwan Mohammed, Gona; Wakil, Karzan; M. Nawroly, Sarkhell Sirwan (2018). "The Effectiveness of Microlearning to Improve Students' Learning Ability". *International Journal of Educational Research Review*. **3** (3): 35. doi:10.24331/ijere.415824. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
3. McKee, Connor; Ntokos, Konstantinos (2022). "Online microlearning and student engagement in computer games higher education". *Research in Learning Technology*. **30**: 2680. doi:10.25304/rlt.v30.2680. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
4. Bersin, Josh (March 27, 2017). "The Disruption of Digital Learning: Ten Things We Have Learned". *joshbersin.com*. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
5. Leong, Kelvin; Sung, Anna; Au, David; Blanchard, Claire (2021). "A review of the trend of microlearning". *Journal of Work-Applied Management*. **13**: 88–102. doi:10.1108/JWAM-10-2020-0044. ISSN 2205-2062. S2CID 230579545.
6. Ross, Nick (July 6, 2020). "Microlearning: What it is and 10 Reasons Why it's Best for Company Training". *CRN Australia*. Retrieved March 28, 2021.(subscription required)
7. Thalheime, Will (October 2, 2013). "What is Subscription Learning?". *worklearning.com*. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
8. Major, Amanda; Calandrino, Tina (2013). "Beyond Chunking: Micro-learning Secrets for Effective Online Design". *FDLA Journal*. **3**.

## Bibliography

* Giurgiu, Luminiţa (2017) : Microlearning an Evolving Elearning Trend
* Gassler, Gerhard; Hug, Theo & Glahn, Christian (2004): Integrated Micro Learning – An outline of the basic method and first results. In: Auer, Michael E. & Auer, Ursula (eds.): International Conference on Interactive Computer Aided Learning, ICL 2004, Sept. 29 – Oct. 1, 2004, Villach, Austria (CD-ROM).
* Gstrein, Silvia & Hug, Theo (2005): Integrated Micro Learning during Access Delays. A new approach to second language learning. In: Zaphiris, Panayiotis (ed.): User-centered computer assisted language learning. Hershey:Idea Group Publishing, pp. 152–175.
* Hagleitner, Wolfgang; Drexler, Arthur; Hug, Theo (2006). Evaluation of a prototypic version of Knowledge Pulse in the context of a management course. Paper presented at the Multimedia Applications in Education Conference, 2006, September 4–6, FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria.
* Hug, Theo; Lindner, Martin; Bruck, Peter A. (eds.) (2006): Microlearning: Emerging Concepts, Practices and Technologies after e-Learning. Proceedings of Microlearning 2005. Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press, 2006.
* Weber, Charles M. (2003): Rapid Learning in High Velocity Environments. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) / Cambridge (U.S.A.).
* Leong, K., Sung, A., Au, D., & Blanchard, C. (2020). A review of the trend of microlearning. Journal of Work-Applied Management.

1. Giurgiu, Luminiţa (June 2017). "Microlearning an Evolving Elearning Trend". *Science Bulletin*. **22**: 18–23. doi:10.1515/bsaft-2017-0003. S2CID 148817943.


title: University of Nueva Caceres–Bataan

abstract: The University of Nueva Caceres–Bataan, formerly the Bataan Peninsula Educational Institution, is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational higher education institution owned and operated by Bataan Peninsula Educational Institution Inc. in Dinalupihan, Bataan, Philippines. It was founded in 2014 and offers senior high school education and undergraduate courses.

text:
# University of Nueva Caceres–Bataan

The **University of Nueva Caceres–Bataan**, formerly the **Bataan Peninsula Educational Institution**, is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational higher education institution owned and operated by Bataan Peninsula Educational Institution Inc. in Dinalupihan, Bataan, Philippines. It was founded in 2014 and offers senior high school education and undergraduate courses.

## InfoBox

University of Nueva Caceres–Bataan
| Former name | * Bataan Peninsula Educational Institution * Northern Bataan Institute |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | *Non Scholæ Sed Vitæ* (Latin) |
| Motto in English | *"Not of School but of Life"* |
| Type | Private, Non-sectarian, coeducational Higher education institution |
| Established | 2014 (2014) |
| President | Felicito C. Payumo |
| Location | Rizal St. Dinalupihan, Bataan, Philippines<br>14°51′58″N 120°28′09″E / 14.86622°N 120.46928°E / 14.86622; 120.46928 |
| Colors | Red and Gray |
| Nickname | UNC Greyhounds |
| Mascot | Greyhound |
| Website | uncbataan.edu.ph |
| Location in LuzonLocation in the Philippines | |


title: George Needham (businessman)

abstract: Sir George William Needham was an English businessman and a prominent citizen of Oldham, Lancashire. Needham was born in Oldham and educated at Oldham High School. At the age of sixteen he joined the textile machinery manufacturers Platt Bros & Co as a junior clerk, remaining with the company for his entire career and rising to become chairman. He was a governor of Oldham Royal Infirmary for 35 years and served as president in 1916–1917. He also gave an endowment to the hospital in memory of his son, who was killed in action at Gallipoli. For his services to Oldham, Needham was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours. On 21 February 1928, while visiting Bournemouth with his wife, Needham fell while boarding a tram and suffered head injuries. He died in a local nursing home eight days later.

text:
# George Needham (businessman)

**Sir George William Needham** (9 November 1843  29 February 1928) was an English businessman and a prominent citizen of Oldham, Lancashire.

Needham was born in Oldham and educated at Oldham High School. At the age of sixteen he joined the textile machinery manufacturers Platt Bros & Co as a junior clerk, remaining with the company for his entire career and rising to become chairman.

He was a governor of Oldham Royal Infirmary for 35 years and served as president in 19161917. He also gave an endowment to the hospital in memory of his son, who was killed in action at Gallipoli.

For his services to Oldham, Needham was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours.

On 21 February 1928, while visiting Bournemouth with his wife, Needham fell while boarding a tram and suffered head injuries. He died in a local nursing home eight days later.

## Footnotes


title: Palmetto, Nevada

abstract: Palmetto, Nevada is a ghost town in Esmeralda County, in the U.S. state of Nevada.

text:
# Palmetto, Nevada

**Palmetto, Nevada** is a ghost town in Esmeralda County, in the U.S. state of Nevada.

## History

Palmetto was founded and established in 1866, when three prospectors discovered silver deposits north of the site. The miners named the camp Palmetto, mistakenly thinking that nearby Joshua trees were a relative of the palmetto tree. A 12-stamp mill was built at the settlement, but not enough silver ore was mined to keep the mill running.

Although the town was abandoned at a year later, a revival occurred in 1906 when mines were reopened. People and businesses rushed back to town. Over 200 tents were put up on a town site one-half mile (0.8 km) west of Palmetto. A commercial street was laid out with: stores, markets, feed yards, restaurants, lumber companies, saloons and doctors' offices. The mines soon declined, and in the autumn of 1906, miners abandoned the town.

In 1920, another revival occurred, and a mill was built. The town eventually declined. All that stands today are the remains of old buildings.

The Palmetto post office was active from April 24, 1888 until June 7, 1894 and from December 16, 1905 until December 31, 1907.

## InfoBox

| Palmetto, Nevada | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
|  | |
| PalmettoPalmetto | |
| Coordinates: 37°26′40″N 117°41′41″W / 37.44444°N 117.69472°W / 37.44444; -117.69472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nevada |
| County | Esmeralda |
| Named for | Named by South Carolina prospectors for their native state. |
| Elevation | 1,883 m (6,178 ft) |
| GNIS feature ID | 849699 |


title: Epaphius

abstract:
Epaphius is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Carabidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Japan. Species:
  - Epaphius acco
  - Epaphius alpicola
  - Epaphius amplicollis
  - Epaphius apicalis
  - Epaphius arsenjevi Jeannel, 1962
  - Epaphius castificus Moravec & Wrase, 1998
  - Epaphius chalybeus
  - Epaphius chinensis
  - Epaphius coloradensis
  - Epaphius crassiscapus
  - Epaphius dorsistriatus
  - Epaphius ephippiatus
  - Epaphius hashimotoi
  - Epaphius himalayanus
  - Epaphius ikutanii
  - Epaphius latibuli
  - Epaphius limacodes
  - Epaphius matsumotoi
  - Epaphius nishikawai
  - Epaphius ochreatus
  - Epaphius oregonensis
  - Epaphius orientosinicus Deuve, 1992
  - Epaphius ovatus
  - Epaphius ozegaharanus
  - Epaphius pinkeri
  - Epaphius pirica
  - Epaphius plutenkoi
  - Epaphius qinlingensis Moravec & Wrase, 1998
  - Epaphius rivularis
  - Epaphius rubens
  - Epaphius rudolphi
  - Epaphius secalis
  - Epaphius shennongjianus Deuve, 2002
  - Epaphius shushensis
  - Epaphius stheno Deuve, 2011
  - Epaphius sugai
  - Epaphius tenuiscapus
  - Epaphius tiani Deuve, 2002
  - Epaphius tosioi
  - Epaphius vicarius
  - Epaphius wagneri
  - Epaphius yosiianus
  - Epaphius yvesbousqueti

text:
# Epaphius

***Epaphius*** is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Carabidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Japan.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Epaphius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subtribe: | Trechina |
| Genus: | *Epaphius*
Leach, 1819 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Carabus secalis*
Paykull, 1790 | |


title: Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate

abstract:
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) is a phosphoinositide, one of the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), that are well-established membrane-anchored regulatory molecules. Phosphoinositides participate in signaling events that control cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular membrane trafficking, cell proliferation and many other cellular functions. Generally, phosphoinositides transduce signals by recruiting specific phosphoinositide-binding proteins to intracellular membranes. Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate is one of the 7 known cellular phosphoinositides with less understood functions. It is phosphorylated on position D-5 of the inositol head group, which is attached via phosphodiester linkage to diacylglycerol. In quiescent cells, on average, PtdIns5P is of similar or higher abundance as compared to PtdIns3P and ~20-100-fold below the levels of PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and PtdInsP2.
Notably, steady-state PtdIns5P levels are more than 5-fold higher than those of PtdInsP2. PtdIns5P was first demonstrated by HPLC in mouse fibroblasts as a substrate for PtdInsP2 synthesis by type II PIP kinases. In many cell types, however, PtdIns5P is not detected by HPLC due to technical limitations associated with its poor separation from the abundant PtdIns4P. Rather, PtdIns5P is measured by the "mass assay", where PtdIns5P is converted in vitro by purified PtdIns5P 4-kinase to PtdInsP2 that is subsequently quantified. Based on studies with the mass assay and an improved HPLC technique, PtdIns5P is detected in all studied mammalian cells. Most of the cellular PtdIns5P is found on cytoplasmic membranes whereas a smaller fraction resides in the nucleus. The cytoplasmic and nuclear pools have distinct functions and regulation.

text:
# Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate

**Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate** (**PtdIns5P**) is a phosphoinositide, one of the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), that are well-established membrane-anchored regulatory molecules. Phosphoinositides participate in signaling events that control cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular membrane trafficking, cell proliferation and many other cellular functions. Generally, phosphoinositides transduce signals by recruiting specific phosphoinositide-binding proteins to intracellular membranes.

Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate is one of the 7 known cellular phosphoinositides with less understood functions. It is phosphorylated on position D-5 of the inositol head group, which is attached via phosphodiester linkage to diacylglycerol (with varying chemical composition of the acyl chains, frequently 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl chain). In quiescent cells, on average, PtdIns5P is of similar or higher abundance as compared to PtdIns3P and ~20-100-fold below the levels of PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate). Notably, steady-state PtdIns5P levels are more than 5-fold higher than those of PtdIns(3,5)P2.

PtdIns5P was first demonstrated by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography) in mouse fibroblasts as a substrate for PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis by type II PIP kinases (1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase). In many cell types, however, PtdIns5P is not detected by HPLC due to technical limitations associated with its poor separation from the abundant PtdIns4P. Rather, PtdIns5P is measured by the "mass assay", where PtdIns5P (as a part of the extracted cellular lipids) is converted in vitro by purified PtdIns5P 4-kinase to PtdIns(4,5)P2 that is subsequently quantified.

Based on studies with the mass assay and an improved HPLC technique, PtdIns5P is detected in all studied mammalian cells. Most of the cellular PtdIns5P is found on cytoplasmic membranes whereas a smaller fraction resides in the nucleus. The cytoplasmic and nuclear pools have distinct functions and regulation.

## Metabolism

Cellular PtdIns5P could be produced by D-5-phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol or by dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 or PtdIns(4,5)P2. Each of these possibilities is experimentally supported. PtdIns5P is synthesized in vitro by PIKfyve, an enzyme principally responsible for PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, as well as by \[PIP5K\]s. A major role for PIKfyve in synthesis of cellular PtdIns5P is suggested by data for reduced PtdIns5P mass levels upon heterologous overexpression of the enzymatically inactive PIKfyve point-mutant (PIKfyveK1831E) and PIKfyve silencing by small interfering RNAs. Such a role is reinforced by data in transgenic fibroblasts with one genetically disrupted PIKfyve allele, demonstrating equal reduction of steady-state levels of PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2.

Likewise, similar reduction of PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 is found in fibroblasts with knockout of the PIKfyve activator ArPIKfyve/VAC14. This experimental evidence coupled with the fact that the cellular levels of PtdIns5P exceed more than 5-fold those of PtdIns(3,5)P2 indicate a predominant role of PIKfyve in maintenance of the steady-state PtdIns5P levels via D-5 phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol.

A role for the myotubularin protein family in PtdIns5P production has been proposed based on dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 by overexpressed myotubularin 1. Concordantly, genetic ablation of the myotubularin-related protein 2 (MTMR2) causes elevation of cellular PtdIns(3,5)P2 and a decrease of PtdIns5P. The low cellular levels of PtdIns(3,5)P2 suggest that myotubularin phosphatase activity plays a minor role in maintaining the steady-state PtdIns5P levels. Importantly, PtdIns(3,5)P2 is synthesized from PtdIns3P by the PIKfyve complex that includes ArPIKfyve and Sac3/Fig4. Noteworthy, the PIKfyve complex underlies both PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis from and turnover to PtdIns3P. The relative proportion of PtdIns(3,5)P2 turnover by myotubularin phosphatases versus that by Sac3 is unknown.

PtdIns5P can also be produced by dephosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Such phosphatase activity is shown for Shigella flexneri effector IpgD and two mammalian phosphatases – PtdIns(4,5)P2 4-phosphatase type I and type II.

In myoblast, PtdIns5P is rapidly metabolized by the PI5P 4-kinase α into PI(4,5)P2 which accumulates at the plasma membrane thereby facilitating the formation of podosome-like protrusions, playing a crucial role in the spatiotemporal regulation of myoblast fusion.

Currently, there is no known mammalian phosphatase to specifically dephosphorylate PtdIns5P. The pathway for PtdIns5P clearance involves synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2.

## Functions

The levels of PtdIns5P change significantly in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Insulin, thrombin, T-cell activation, and cell transformation with nucleophosmin anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase (NPM-ALK), cause elevation of cellular PtdIns5P levels. In contrast, hypoosmotic shock and histamine treatment decrease the levels of PtdIns5P. In T-cells, two “downstream of tyrosine kinase” proteins DOK1 and DOK2 are proposed as PtdIns5P-binding proteins and effectors.

As the other phosphoinositides, PtdIns5P is also present in the nucleus of mammalian cells. The nuclear PtdIns5P pool is controlled by the nuclear type I PtdIns(4,5)P2 4-phosphatase that, in conjunction with the PIPKIIbeta kinase, plays a role in UV stress, apoptosis and cell cycle progression.

The function of PtdIns5P in nuclear signaling likely involves ING2, a member of the ING family. The proteins of this family associate with and modulate the activity of histone acetylases and deacetylases as well as induce apoptosis through p53 acetylation. The ING2 interacts with PtdIns5P via its plant homeodomain (PHD) finger motif.

In summary, the available evidence indicates that PIKfyve activity is the major source of steady-state cellular PtdIns5P. Under certain conditions, PtdIns5P is produced by dephosphorylation of bis-phosphoinositides. PtdIns5P is involved in regulation of both basic cellular functions and responses to a multitude of physiological and pathological stimuli by yet- to- be specified molecular mechanisms.


title: Marijn van Dijk

abstract: Marijn van Dijk is a Dutch linguist. She is currently an associate professor of developmental psychology at the Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences of the University of Groningen, Netherlands.

text:
# Marijn van Dijk

**Marijn van Dijk** (born 6 August 1972) is a Dutch linguist. She is currently an associate professor of developmental psychology at the Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences of the University of Groningen, Netherlands.

## Career

van Dijk obtained her PhD at the University of Groningen in 2004. The title of her thesis was *Child Language Cuts Capers: Variability and Ambiguity in Early Child Development,* and it was supervised by her future colleague Paul van Geert.

She is renowned for her work on developmental psychology and second language acquisition and the application of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory to study second language development. She is one of the members of the "Dutch School of Dynamic Systems" who proposed to apply time-series data to study second language development along with van Geert, Lowie, de Bot and Verspoor.

## Bibliography

### Books

* *A Dynamic Approach to Second Language Development. Methods and Techniques* (2011)

### Articles

* "Focus on variability: New tools to study intra-individual variability in developmental data." (2002)
* "Ambiguity in child language: the problem of interobserver reliability in ambiguous observation data." (2003)
* "Disentangling behavior in early child development: Interpretability of early child language and its effect on utterance length measures." (2005)
* "Wobbles, humps and sudden jumps: A case study of continuity, discontinuity and variability in early language development." (2007)
* "Variability in second language development from a dynamic systems perspective." (2008)
* "Variability in eating behavior throughout the weaning period." (2009)
* "An identity approach to second language acquisition." (2011)
* "The dynamics of feeding during the introduction to solid food." (2012)
* "Dynamic adaptation in child–adult language interaction." (2013)
* "A process approach to children's understanding of scientific concepts: A longitudinal case study." (2014)

## InfoBox

| Marijn van Dijk | |
| --- | --- |
| Marijn van Dijk's presentation Language interactions in Early Science Lessons in 2017 | |
| Born | (1972-08-06) 6 August 1972<br>Heerlen, Netherlands |
| Alma mater |  |
| Known for |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
| Thesis | *Child Language Cuts Capers: Variability and Ambiguity in Early Child Development* (2004) |
| Doctoral advisor | Paul van Geert |
|  | |
| Website | van Dijk on the website of the University of Groningen |


title: Marijn Nijman

abstract: Marijn Elise Nijman is a Dutch former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm medium. She appeared in one Test match, 21 One Day Internationals and six Twenty20 Internationals for the Netherlands between 2005 and 2011. Nijman was born in Groningen, and played her club cricket for Schiedam's Hermes-DVS. She made her senior debut for the Netherlands in 2004, and her One Day International (ODI) debut the following year, against Ireland. In 2007, Nijman was selected in the Dutch squad for its inaugural Test match. She was a regular in the team right up until it lost its ODI status at the 2011 World Cup Qualifier, which was her final international tournament. Nijman had little success at international level, but fared better in the Women's County Championship, including in 2010 scoring 99 from 58 balls against Cornwall.

text:
# Marijn Nijman

**Marijn Elise Nijman** (born 27 August 1985) is a Dutch former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm medium. She appeared in one Test match, 21 One Day Internationals and six Twenty20 Internationals for the Netherlands between 2005 and 2011.

Nijman was born in Groningen, and played her club cricket for Schiedam's Hermes-DVS. She made her senior debut for the Netherlands in 2004, and her One Day International (ODI) debut the following year, against Ireland. In 2007, Nijman was selected in the Dutch squad for its inaugural Test match. She was a regular in the team right up until it lost its ODI status at the 2011 World Cup Qualifier, which was her final international tournament. Nijman had little success at international level, but fared better in the Women's County Championship, including in 2010 scoring 99 from 58 balls against Cornwall.

## InfoBox

Marijn Nijman
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Marijn Elise Nijman |
| Born | (1985-08-27) 27 August 1985<br>Groningen, Netherlands |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Role | All-rounder |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Only Test (cap ) | 28 July 2007 v South Africa |
| ODI debut (cap 66) | 19 August 2005 v Ireland |
| Last ODI | 24 November 2011 v Ireland |
| T20I debut (cap 18) | 6 August 2009 v Ireland |
| Last T20I | 24 April 2011 v Pakistan |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition WTest WODI WT20I WLA  Matches 1 21 6 34  Runs scored 5 292 55 550  Batting average 2.50 15.36 13.75 19.64  100s/50s 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/2  Top score 5 43 29 99  Balls bowled 90 348  618  Wickets 0 5  11  Bowling average  56.80  43.45  5 wickets in innings  0  0  10 wickets in match  0  0  Best bowling  1/24  3/10  Catches/stumpings 0/– 6/– 0/– 11/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 2 December 2021 | |


title: Marijn de Vries

abstract: Marijn de Vries is a Dutch journalist and former racing cyclist. De Vries took up bicycle racing in 2008 whilst working as a reporter for the Dutch TV programme Holland Sport. She subsequently attempted to turn professional as part of a radio documentary she made, leading to her joining Leontien van Moorsel's Leontien.nl team in 2010. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence. On 30 August 2015, de Vries announced her retirement from professional cycling.

text:
# Marijn de Vries

**Marijn de Vries** (born 19 November 1978) is a Dutch journalist and former racing cyclist. De Vries took up bicycle racing in 2008 whilst working as a reporter for the Dutch TV programme *Holland Sport*. She subsequently attempted to turn professional as part of a radio documentary she made, leading to her joining Leontien van Moorsel's Leontien.nl team in 2010. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence.

On 30 August 2015, de Vries announced her retirement from professional cycling.

## Major results

2010 9th Holland Hills Classic 2012 5th Chrono des Nations 7th Gooik–Geraardsbergen–Gooik 2013 8th Ronde van Drenthe World Cup

## InfoBox

Marijn de Vries
| De Vries in 2012 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Marijn de Vries |
| Born | (1978-11-19) 19 November 1978<br>Sleen, Netherlands |
| Height | 176 cm (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 62 kg (137 lb) |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Rider type | All-rounder |
| Professional teams | |
| 2010–2012 | leontien.nl |
| 2013 | Lotto–Belisol Ladies |
| 2014 | Giant–Shimano |
| 2015 | Parkhotel Valkenburg |
|  | |


title: Fine Madness

abstract:
Fine Madness was a literary magazine that was published from 1982–2006, in Seattle, Washington. It was included in the anthology Best American Poetry. The editorial board included: poets Louis Bergsagel (founder), James Snydal, John W. Marshall, Kathryn Macdonald, and Sean Bentley. Subsequent members of the board included poets Christine Deavel, John Malek, Anne Pitkin, Judith Skillman, David Edelman, Alan Wald (not Dr. Alan M. Wald, and Sherry Rind. The magazine's name came from an excerpt of a poem by English poet Michael Drayton : Neat Marlow bathed in Thespian springs
Had in him those brave translunary things
That the first poets had, his raptures were,
All ayre, and fire, which made his verses cleere,
For that fine madness he did retaine,
Which rightly should possess a poet’s braine. The first issue was produced single-handedly by Bergsagel in 1982; the second volume with its full board appeared in 1984 as a triquarterly; issues then appeared semiannually through volume 10; annual issues appeared for 10 years thereafter. Bergsagel left the magazine in 1995. The last issue was number 30. An anthology was also published, March Hares: The Best Poems from Fine Madness 1982 – 2002. The editorial guidelines stated, 'Fine Madness is seeking writers with distinctive voices, and writing that shows a mind working, not just a tongue. We are open to almost any style of poetry or prose, provided that the form works for the piece and not against it.' For several years the magazine offered awards outstanding work in the current issue: the Nelson Bentley Editor's Choice, the Kay Deeter Award, and the Mark Anderson Award. These awards were funded by individual donors. The magazine itself was wholly supported by subscription and private donation, aside from a single National Endowment Award grant. Among its notable contributors were Albert Goldbarth, Naomi Shihab Nye, Dannie Abse, Tess Gallagher, Ted Kooser, Pattiann Rogers, William Stafford, Andrei Codrescu, Sherman Alexie, Linda Bierds, and Greg Kuzma.

text:
# Fine Madness

***Fine Madness*** was a literary magazine that was published from 1982–2006, in Seattle, Washington. It was included in the anthology Best American Poetry.

The editorial board included: poets Louis Bergsagel (founder), James Snydal, John W. Marshall, Kathryn Macdonald, and Sean Bentley. Subsequent members of the board included poets Christine Deavel, John Malek, Anne Pitkin, Judith Skillman, David Edelman, Alan Wald (not Dr. Alan M. Wald, and Sherry Rind.

The magazine's name came from an excerpt of a poem by English poet Michael Drayton (1563–1631):

*Neat Marlow bathed in Thespian springs
Had in him those brave translunary things
That the first poets had, his raptures were,
All ayre, and fire, which made his verses cleere,
For that fine madness he did retaine,
Which rightly should possess a poet’s braine.*

The first issue was produced single-handedly by Bergsagel in 1982; the second volume with its full board appeared in 1984 as a triquarterly; issues then appeared semiannually through volume 10; annual issues appeared for 10 years thereafter. Bergsagel left the magazine in 1995. The last issue was number 30. An anthology was also published, *March Hares: The Best Poems from Fine Madness 1982 – 2002.*

The editorial guidelines stated, '*Fine Madness* is seeking writers with distinctive voices, and writing that shows a mind working, not just a tongue. We are open to almost any style of poetry or prose, provided that the form works for the piece and not against it.'

For several years the magazine offered awards outstanding work in the current issue: the Nelson Bentley Editor's Choice, the Kay Deeter Award, and the Mark Anderson Award (all $500). These awards were funded by individual donors. The magazine itself was wholly supported by subscription and private donation, aside from a single National Endowment Award grant.

Among its notable contributors were Albert Goldbarth, Naomi Shihab Nye, Dannie Abse, Tess Gallagher, Ted Kooser, Pattiann Rogers, William Stafford, Andrei Codrescu, Sherman Alexie, Linda Bierds, and Greg Kuzma.


title: Marion Bartow Smith

abstract: Marion Bartow Smith was an American politician often referred to as M. B. "T-Bone" Smith. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives.

text:
# Marion Bartow Smith

**Marion Bartow Smith** (October 4, 1879 – December 18, 1962) was an American politician often referred to as **M. B. "T-Bone" Smith**. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Smith was born in Oglethorpe, Georgia.

Smith served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1943 to 1952. He stood for re-election in 1952 but was defeated by Mack N. Cleveland Jr. in the primaries. He ran again the following term in 1954, this time in Group 2, against the incumbent Volie Williams Jr, but lost 1234 to 785 votes.

Smith died on December 18, 1962, at the age of 83 in a nursing home.

## InfoBox

| Marion Bartow Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Smith in 1947 | |
|  | |
| Member of the
Florida House of Representatives
from Seminole County | |
| **In office**
1943–1952 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1879-10-04)October 4, 1879
Oglethorpe, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | December 18, 1962(1962-12-18) (aged 83) |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Nickname | T-Bone |
|  | |


title: First Daughter (1999 film)

abstract: First Daughter is a 1999 American action thriller television film directed by Armand Mastroianni and written by Chad Hayes and Carey W. Hayes. It stars Mariel Hemingway as a United States Secret Service agent who must rescue the daughter of the President from domestic terrorists. Gregory Harrison, Doug Savant, and Diamond Dallas Page also star, with Monica Keena playing the title character. It aired on TBS Superstation on August 15, 1999. The film was followed by two sequels, First Target (2000) and First Shot (2002).

text:
# First Daughter (1999 film)

***First Daughter*** is a 1999 American action thriller television film directed by Armand Mastroianni and written by Chad Hayes and Carey W. Hayes. It stars Mariel Hemingway as a United States Secret Service agent who must rescue the daughter of the President from domestic terrorists. Gregory Harrison, Doug Savant, and Diamond Dallas Page also star, with Monica Keena playing the title character. It aired on TBS Superstation on August 15, 1999.

The film was followed by two sequels, *First Target* (2000) and *First Shot* (2002).

## Plot

A domestic terrorist group make an unsuccessful attempt on the life of US President Jonathan Hayes and the group's leader, Michael Smith, is subsequently captured. Some members of the group manage to evade capture and continue with terrorist activities. Eight weeks later, believing the threat is past, the President organizes an outdoors activity trip for his teenage daughter, Jess, who has grown tired of the public life and constant Secret Service supervision. Jess, excited about the trip, is disappointed to learn a Secret Service agent she dislikes, Alex McGregor, will be accompanying her, despising her over a misunderstanding embrace between her father and Alex. Jess goes so far as to spread rumors about Alex during the trip, leaving an air of animosity between the two of them.

Unbeknownst to the hikers, during their trip they are seen by members of the domestic terrorist group who have been hiding out in the same woods to evade capture. The terrorists initially believe they are witnessing a normal group of hikers, but soon notice bodyguards with guns. Eventually, one of the group recognizes Jess, and identifies her as the daughter of President Hayes. They quickly form a plan to kidnap Jess in order to negotiate the release of Smith. They ambush the hikers, kill one of the bodyguards, and kidnap Jess.

With the help of one of the river guides, Grant Coleman, Alex searches for Jess and attempts a daring rescue.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *First Daughter* | |
| --- | --- |
| VHS cover | |
| Written by |  |
| Directed by | Armand Mastroianni |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | Louis Febre |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Tom Patricia |
| Producer | Michael O. Gallant |
| Production location | Australia |
| Cinematography | Mark Wareham |
| Editor | Peter V. White |
| Running time | 102 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Budget | $5 million |
| Original release | |
| Network | TBS Superstation |
| Release | August 15, 1999 (1999-08-15) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Marin (name)

abstract: Marin or Marín is a common Northern Italian and Venetian surname. It is a variant of the Latin name Marinus.

text:
# Marin (name)

**Marin** or **Marín** is a common Northern Italian and Venetian surname. It is a variant of the Latin name *Marinus*.

## Surname

### Sports

### Fictional characters

## Given name

* Marin Alsop (born 1956), American conductor and violinist, and music director of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra
* Marin Barleti (c. 1450 – c. 1520), Albanian historian and Catholic priest
* Marin Boucher (1587 or 1589–1671), early settler in New France
* Marin Ceaușescu (1916–1989), Romanian economist and diplomat, older brother of President Nicolae Ceauşescu
* Marin Čilić (born 1988), Croatian professional tennis player
* Marin Clark, American earth scientist
* Marin Drăcea (1885–1958), Romanian silviculturist
* Marin Drinov (1838–1906), Bulgarian historian and philologist
* Marin Držić (1508–1567), Croatian Renaissance playwright and prose writer
* Marin Getaldić (1568–1626), mathematician and physicist born in Dubrovnik
* Marin Goleminov (1908–2000), Bulgarian composer, violinist, conductor and pedagogue
* Marin Hamill (born 2001), American freestyle skier
* Marin Hinkle (born 1966), American actress
* Marin Honda (本田 真凜, born 2001), Japanese figure skater
* Marin Ireland (born 1979), American actress
* Marin Karmitz (born 1938), French businessman, film producer, director and distributor
* Marin Mägi-Efert (born 1982), Estonian actress
* Marin Marais (1656–1728), French Baroque music composer
* Marin Mazzie (1960–2018), American actress and singer
* Marin Mema (born 1981), Albanian journalist
* Marin Mersenne (1588–1648), French theologian, philosopher, mathematician and music theorist
* Marin Morrison (1990–2009), American Paralympic swimmer
* Marin Preda (1922–1980), Romanian novelist
* Marin Rozić (born 1983), Croatian professional basketball player
* Marin Sais (1890–1971), American film actress
* Marin Soljačić (born 1974), Croatian physicist and electrical engineer
* Marin, alias of Japanese DJ Yoshinori Sunahara (born 1969)
* Marin Sorescu (1936–1996), Romanian poet, playwright, and novelist, and Minister of Culture
* Marin Skender (born 1979), Croatian football goalkeeper
* Marin Tufan (born 1942), Romanian footballer

### Fictional characters

## InfoBox

Marin
| Gender | Unisex |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Marina |
| Nickname(s) | Maro |
| Derived | from Marinus |


title: The Playhouse (Fredericton)

abstract: The Fredericton Playhouse is a non-profit organization venue for hosting local talent acts and touring performers. It was originally constructed in 1964 at the behest of Lady and Lord Beaverbrook, and between the years of 1969 and 2003, the venue was home to Theatre New Brunswick. The Georgian-style building is located adjacent to the provincial legislature in downtown Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

text:
# The Playhouse (Fredericton)

The **Fredericton Playhouse** is a non-profit organization venue for hosting local talent acts and touring performers. It was originally constructed in 1964 at the behest of Lady and Lord Beaverbrook, and between the years of 1969 and 2003, the venue was home to Theatre New Brunswick. The Georgian-style building is located adjacent to the provincial legislature in downtown Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

## History

* 1964: The playhouse was built as a gift to New Brunswick from Lord Beaverbrook.
* 1972: Renovated with expanded technical capabilities, including the construction of a fly tower. The mural on the fly tower was created by Tom Forrestall.
* 2000: City of Fredericton purchased the theatre.
* 2006: Federal Government of Canada to provide financial support to undertake a complete infrastructure assessment.

## Theatre details

* The auditorium has a capacity for 709 people with 469 orchestra seats and 240 balcony seats.
* Photography and video cameras are not permitted without prior consent from the Technical Director.
* Building is accessible by wheelchair.
* The theatre may be reserved for special meetings and receptions.
* James de Beaujeu Domville helped to design the building.

45°57′35.8″N 66°38′13.6″W / 45.959944°N 66.637111°W / 45.959944; -66.637111


title: The Playhouse (radio show)

abstract: The Playhouse was a Portland, Oregon-based syndicated morning drive time radio show that debuted on February 12, 2000. It originally aired weekday mornings between 5-10am on then-flagship radio station KXJM, with the last four hours of the show being broadcast live online with fully produced video, and repeated every four hours until the next show. The show was also on at various hours in the morning on its syndicated affiliates. From its conception on February 12, 2000 to May 12, 2008 the show's flagship station was the "Original" Jammin' 95.5 KXJM. The Playhouse also had a nightly TV show called Playhouse TV that aired on Comcast's on-demand service in the Portland and Eugene areas. The show was aired nightly on Comcast in the Portland and Eugene metropolitan areas on channel 14 until the service was discontinued. The Playhouse was canceled by KXJM on December 1, 2009. It was unclear what led to their departure from KXJM. It was announced via Ivan's Twitter account on December 2, 2009, that they would be returning to "a new PDX home" in early 2010; however, P.K. and Ivan instead moved to Houston, Texas to host a morning show on KKHH "Hot 95-7".

text:
# The Playhouse (radio show)

***The Playhouse*** was a Portland, Oregon-based syndicated morning drive time radio show that debuted on February 12, 2000. It originally aired weekday mornings between 5-10am on then-flagship radio station KXJM (Jammin 107.5 FM), with the last four hours of the show being broadcast live online with fully produced video, and repeated every four hours until the next show. The show was also on at various hours in the morning on its syndicated affiliates. From its conception on February 12, 2000 to May 12, 2008 the show's flagship station was the "Original" Jammin' 95.5 KXJM (now KXTG).

*The Playhouse* also had a nightly TV show called ***Playhouse TV*** that aired on Comcast's on-demand service in the Portland and Eugene areas. The show was aired nightly on Comcast in the Portland and Eugene metropolitan areas on channel 14 until the service was discontinued.

*The Playhouse* was canceled by KXJM on December 1, 2009. It was unclear what led to their departure from KXJM. It was announced via Ivan's Twitter account on December 2, 2009, that they would be returning to "a new PDX home" in early 2010; however, P.K. and Ivan instead moved to Houston, Texas to host a morning show on KKHH "Hot 95-7".

## Cast

* P.K.
* Ivan
* Duryan
* Extra Work Tony-Produces PlayHouse TV
* Denise-PK's wife & phone screener

## Former cast members

* Neveen (in absentia)
* Sonie
* Scooter
* Felix
* FPC aka Fat Phone Chick (Heather)
* E-bro
* Manny
* Don-E
* JB
* Seahorse
* Jailbait aka Lori
* Asian Boy (Shanno)

## Former affiliates

The PlayHouse went into syndication in 2003. Gradually, over the years, their affiliates dropped the show due to format changes or looking for a local morning show.

* KXJM-Portland, Oregon (home station), "Jammin 95.5" (later 107.5)
* KSEQ-Fresno, California (the last remaining affiliate before the show officially went on hiatus/cancellation in December 2009), "Q97"
* KEZE-Spokane, Washington, "Wired 96.9"
* KBTE-Lubbock, Texas, "104.9 The Beat"
* KKYD (now KMXN)-Topeka, Kansas, "Wild 92.9"
* KSRT-Santa Rosa, California, "Jammin 107.1"
* KSXY-Santa Rosa, California, "Hot 98.7"
* KYZZ-Salinas/Monterey, California, "Jammin 97.9"
* KMME-Eugene, Oregon, "94.9 Jamz"
* WZNR (now WUSH)-Norfolk, Virginia, "The Zone @ 106.1"
* WRED-Portland, Maine, "Red Hot 95"
* KUJ-FM-Kennewick, Washington (Tri-Cities area), "Power 99.1"
* KAQX (now KLMY)-Astoria, Oregon, "Q94.3"
* KEWB-Redding, California, "Power 94"
* WKPO (now WWHG)-Madison, Wisconsin, "Hot 105.9" (first syndicated affiliate)
* KFAT-Anchorage, Alaska, "K-Fat 92.9"

## Incidents

### The 'Special Jen' incident

On April 17, 2003, *The Playhouse* held a local event called "Adopt a Hottie," where P.K. would introduce groupies and have the listeners judge them. A frequent caller nicknamed "Special Jen", who appeared to be intellectually disabled, was invited on stage. P.K. then asked if it were true that she "had learned how to wipe herself." When someone else then asked "to see her ass," she pulled down her pants, according to an audience member. "All the while, the cast of *The Playhouse* jumped around, pointing, mugging at each other, slapping their foreheads, stomping their feet, et. cetera," said another witness. This all came after a similar event in February where another DJ broadcast a conversation with a woman suffering from schizophrenia saying she was "the ugliest, fattest lady I've ever seen in my life." Mental-health advocates then flooded the station with calls and persuaded a major advertiser to yank its ads. In response to the "Special Jen" incident, Program Manager Tim MacNamara issued orders that 'Jen' be kept off the air and out of any future Playhouse events.

### The Portland biking incident

On July 13, 2006, Neveen told a story about a friend who had recently hit a cyclist with her car while driving downtown. She then mentioned that she had another cyclist punch her car hood, and cut her off in traffic. In response, host P.K. encouraged listeners to call in and tell more stories of cyclists who had been smashed by cars because the thought of it "really pumped him up." He went on to say how much he hated cyclists who didn't obey traffic laws and stated, "When I hear on TV that a cyclist has been hit and killed by a car I laugh, I think it's funny. If you are a cyclist you should know I exist, that I don't care about you. That I don't care about your life." Community group "Bike Portland" attempted to stage a protest in front of the KXJM studios, but were soon turned away by the program manager of the station, Tim McNamara. The studio's phone lines were flooded with various threats of harm, media attention, and protest. As a way to settle the controversy, show host P.K. decided to conduct a 'ride along' with a pair of local Portland bike enthusiasts to experience what biking in a busy city is like. He later went on the air and offered an official apology.

### Attack on Jammin' 95.5

On March 14, 2008, listener Andy Chung reversed his car into the ground floor lobby area of The Playhouse's partner station Jammin' 95.5, in retaliation to some action the show apparently took towards him. Whilst none of the show's presenters were aware of what had made the listener so riled, the show had received "incoherent e-mail" every six to ten months over a period of around six years containing death threats towards the group. KOIN news reported that Chung was seeking damages of one million dollars, with the promise of $10,000 for any listener who provided information to help his (still unknown) dispute. The show was told that Chung had previously visited a local army office, inquiring about where he could "purchase a machine gun".

Chung was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward after the incident, but on 16 September 2009 the show received a new handwritten letter sent from the institution, in which he re-detailed his wish to "sue for $6 billion" or a settlement of $100 million to "have a good time with." However, the letter also provided a clue as to the motive for the physical and written attacks; Chung wrote of a 'radio wife' that he had met at a 'radio school' many years ago, and subsequently lost contact with. He apparently knew that the lady listened to the show and phoned in to express his feelings on-air, only to be cut off by the host before he could do so. As a result, the show's team believe Chung blames them for this failed love. Despite all of the controversy and threat, P.K. expressed his willingness to make peace with Chung, saying "the possibility is there to be on his good side." There is no information yet on Chung's release date from the hospital.

## Cancellation on KXJM

On December 1, 2009 The Playhouse was canceled on its home station KXJM (Jammin 107.5 FM). At this time, it is unclear what the circumstances surrounding their departure were. Within hours of their disappearance from Jammin 107.5's website, a new website surfaced for the show. In the weeks prior to their cancellation, the station began to require that music be played every so often during each broadcast of the show, much to the frustration of the hosts. It is unknown if this was a factor in their departure from KXJM. The following day, December 2, 2009, it was announced via Ivan's Twitter and Facebook accounts that they will be returning to a "new PDX home" in early 2010, and was able to be heard on KSEQ in Fresno, CA. In February 2010, Ivan announced through his Facebook account that himself and PK will do mornings at KKHH in Houston, TX starting Monday, February 22 and named "The Hot Show". It is unclear if DuRyan and Tony will join them in Houston. Since moving to Houston, there has been no further news of a move back to Portland.

## InfoBox

The Playhouse
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy, Talk |
| Running time | 5 hours (inc. commercials)<br>4 hours online (live and repeat) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Home station | KXJM (107.5) (May 12, 2008-December 1, 2009) |
| Starring | * P.K. * Duryan * Neveen *(in absentia)* * Ivan * "Extra Work" Tony |
| Produced by | Ivan |
| Original release | 2000 (first on KXJM *"Jammin'"* 95.5; now KXTG) |
| Website | playhouseshow.com |


title: Mark Deering

abstract: Mark Deering was an Irish Fine Gael politician. A farmer, he first stood for election at the 1951 general election but was not successful. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency at the 1953 by-election caused by the death of Thomas Brennan of Fianna Fáil. He was re-elected at the 1954 general election but lost his seat at the 1957 general election. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1965 general election. He played for the Ireland national rugby union team against Wales at Ravenhill Stadium, Belfast on 9 March 1929.

text:
# Mark Deering

**Mark Deering** (6 March 1900 – 26 April 1973) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. A farmer, he first stood for election at the 1951 general election but was not successful. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency at the 1953 by-election caused by the death of Thomas Brennan of Fianna Fáil.

He was re-elected at the 1954 general election but lost his seat at the 1957 general election. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1965 general election.

He played for the Ireland national rugby union team against Wales at Ravenhill Stadium, Belfast on 9 March 1929.

## InfoBox

| Mark Deering | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
June 1953  March 1957 | |
| Constituency | Wicklow |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1900-03-06)6 March 1900
County Wicklow, Ireland |
| Died | 26 April 1973(1973-04-26) (aged 73)
County Wicklow, Ireland |
| Political party | Fine Gael |
| Spouse | Rosaleen Deering |
|  | |


title: Fire of Unknown Origin

abstract: Fire of Unknown Origin is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Blue Öyster Cult, released on June 22, 1981. It was produced by Martin Birch. The album, which included the Top 40 hit "Burnin' for You", represented a resurgence of the group's commercial standing after two albums with disappointing sales. It became the band's highest-charting studio album on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 24. Fire of Unknown Origin would be the final studio LP featuring the band's original lineup; during the subsequent tour, the band fired original drummer Albert Bouchard. The album has been remastered and re-released on cd and vinyl several times, for example 2013 by Culture Factory USA and 2020 by Music on Vinyl, and 2011 as part of the box set Original Album Classics on Sony / Legacy.

text:
# Fire of Unknown Origin

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 9/10 |

***Fire of Unknown Origin*** is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Blue Öyster Cult, released on June 22, 1981. It was produced by Martin Birch.

The album, which included the Top 40 hit "Burnin' for You" (#1 on Billboard's Album Rock Tracks chart), represented a resurgence of the group's commercial standing after two albums with disappointing sales. It became the band's highest-charting studio album on the *Billboard* 200, peaking at number 24. *Fire of Unknown Origin* would be the final studio LP featuring the band's original lineup; during the subsequent tour, the band fired original drummer Albert Bouchard.

The album has been remastered and re-released on cd and vinyl several times, for example 2013 by Culture Factory USA and 2020 by Music on Vinyl, and 2011 as part of the box set Original Album Classics on Sony / Legacy.

## Songs

Several of the songs were intended for the soundtrack of the animated film *Heavy Metal*, such as "Vengeance (The Pact)," the lyrics of which follow in detail the plot of the "Taarna" segment of the movie. However, only the song "Veteran of the Psychic Wars" (ironically not written for the film), co-written by science fiction author Michael Moorcock, ended up in the film's final version and soundtrack. The title track was used in episode 17 of season 1 of *Supernatural* entitled "Hell House," written by long-time BÖC fan Trey Callaway.

The album's closing track, "Don't Turn Your Back," marks Allen Lanier's final songwriting contribution to Blue Öyster Cult; it was played live by the group for the first time on June 17, 2016, at a special concert highlighting Lanier's music.

The album's title track, "Fire of Unknown Origin," was originally considered for the band's fourth album, but was cut. The original version of the song is available through the band's 2017 compilation *Rarities*.

"Joan Crawford" was a moderate success, reaching #49 on the *Billboard* Mainstream Rock chart. The subject of the song is the actress of the same name, who had died four years before the song's release. A music video was created for the song, which was banned by MTV for featuring a sexually suggestive scene.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Fire of Unknown Origin" | Eric Bloom, Albert Bouchard, Joe Bouchard, Donald Roeser, Patti Smith | Bloom | 4:09 |
| 2. | "Burnin' for You" | Roeser, Richard Meltzer | Roeser | 4:29 |
| 3. | "Veteran of the Psychic Wars" | Bloom, Michael Moorcock | Bloom | 4:48 |
| 4. | "Sole Survivor" | Bloom, Liz Myers, John Trivers | Bloom | 4:04 |
| 5. | "Heavy Metal: The Black and Silver" | Bloom, A. Bouchard, Sandy Pearlman | Bloom | 3:16 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Vengeance (The Pact)" | A. Bouchard, J. Bouchard | J. Bouchard | 4:41 |
| 2. | "After Dark" | Bloom, Myers, Trivers | Bloom | 4:25 |
| 3. | "Joan Crawford" | A. Bouchard, Jack Rigg, David Roter | Bloom | 4:55 |
| 4. | "Don't Turn Your Back" | A. Bouchard, Allen Lanier, Roeser | Roeser | 4:07 |

## Personnel

Band members Additional musicians * Karla DeVito – background vocals on track 4
* Sandy Jean – background vocals on track 9
* Bill Civitella, Tony Cedrone – additional percussion on track 3
* Jesse Levy – string arrangements on tracks 3 and 8

Production * Martin Birch – producer, engineer, mixing
* Clay Hutchinson – engineer
* Paul Stubblebine – mastering
* Greg Scott – album artwork

## Charts

| Chart (1981) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (*RPM*) | 21 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 29 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 24 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Fire of Unknown Origin | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art by Greg Scott | |
| Studio album by Blue Öyster Cult | |
| Released | June 22, 1981 (1981-06-22) |
| Recorded | Spring 1981 |
| Studio | Kingdom Sound Studios, Long Island, New York
The Automatt, San Francisco, California |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 39:06 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Producer | Martin Birch |
| Blue Öyster Cult chronology | |
| *Cultösaurus Erectus*
(1980) ***Fire of Unknown Origin***
(1981) *Extraterrestrial Live*
(1982) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Fire of Unknown Origin* | |
| 1. "Burnin' for You"
Released: August 1981 (US) | |
|  | |


title: The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius

abstract: The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius is a 1637 oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch artist Rembrandt. It is currently owned by the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp. The painting has been certified a real Rembrandt. The painting was listed in 1727 in the catalog of the Duke of Orléans collection, as a portrait of an Amsterdam mayor by Rembrandt. It remained in the noble family's possession until 1792, when Duke Louis-Philippe-Joseph sold the entire collection to finance his political career and pay off debts. The painting passed through several English collections into the hands of the Bourgeois brothers, art dealers from Cologne, who sold the painting as an original Rembrandt to the museum in 1886. The painting was stored away for a long time due to doubts cast over its authenticity. In the late 2000s, after works of restoration were conducted on the painting, scholars recognized it as an original Rembrandt.

text:
# The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius

***The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius*** is a 1637 oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch artist Rembrandt. It is currently owned by the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp. The painting has been certified a real Rembrandt. The painting was listed in 1727 in the catalog of the Duke of Orléans collection, as a portrait of an Amsterdam mayor by Rembrandt. It remained in the noble family's possession until 1792, when Duke Louis-Philippe-Joseph sold the entire collection to finance his political career and pay off debts. The painting passed through several English collections into the hands of the Bourgeois brothers, art dealers from Cologne, who sold the painting as an original Rembrandt to the museum in 1886. The painting was stored away for a long time due to doubts cast over its authenticity.

In the late 2000s, after works of restoration were conducted on the painting, scholars recognized it as an original Rembrandt.

## Subject matter

The painting has long been thought to be a portrait of an Amsterdam mayor. It was listed thusly in the collection of the Duke of Orléans at the Palais Royal of Paris in 1727.

However, the painting depicts the preacher Eleazar Swalmius, who was born in Rhoon, but operated in Amsterdam. Rembrandt painted this portrait in 1637, when the pastor was about 55 years old. Swalmius was born in Rhoon to Hendrick van de Swalme, or *Henricus Swalmius*. Hendrick van de Swalme's family was probably originally from Flanders. His father spent time in England before becoming a preacher in the late 16th century. Like his father, Eleazar became a preacher too (Counter-Remostrant).

Swalmius was active as a pastor in Poortugaal and Hoogvliet near Rotterdam since 1605 and in Schiedam between 1612 and 1622. In 1622 he settled in Amsterdam, where he would live up to his death, and be buried in the Oude Kerk in 1652. The Van der Swalme family must have known Rembrandt well. Carel, a brother of Eleazer and "dike count" (dijkgraaf) of Oranjepolder, for example, witnessed the drawing up of the will of Rembrandt van Rijn and Saskia van Uylenburgh.

## Composition

In the dim brown background, with only a few, barely visible books on a table, the preacher seems to take up an imposing but nonostentatious volume. Rembrandt depicted the Amsterdam preacher almost life-size, in an extremely sober way. He sits relaxed on a low wooden armchair. He was painted three-quarter view. Swalmius doesn't look at the viewer penetratingly. The character's appearance gives the painting a relaxed ambience of confidentiality. His eyes are kind, his nose rubicund. Rather than showing his wisdom, his long white beard enhances the friendliness of his appearance, especially to the modern viewer. There was probably a relationship between the painter and the sitter. As mentioned, Rembrandt knew his client and his family personally.

## Provenance

In the eighteenth century, the canvas was located in the Palais Royal in Paris, where the art collection of the Duke of Orléans, brother of Louis XIV, was kept. The painting was recorded in 1727 in the catalog of this collection and described as a portrait of a mayor by Rembrandt. The painting remained in the family's possession until 1792, when Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans sold the entire art collection to finance his political career and to pay off his debts.

The painting passed through various English collections into the hands of the Bourgeois art dealers, who sold the work to Antwerp Royal Museum of Fine Arts in 1886, for 200 000 francs. The painting was acquired by the museum as an original Rembrandt.

## Details

The painting is signed *Rembrandt. f 1637* in the recto's top right corner. The *f* stands for *fecit*. As early as 1969, Gerson wrote that the signature did not seem original. Because the painting also seemed "too tame" (tame, not expressive enough) to him, he attributed the work to Rembrandt's pupil Govert Flinck. Curator Jeroen Giltaij wrote that indeed little of Rembrandt's strength was visible in the painting, and that the beard was rather sketchy. However, Giltaij could not say whether it was Flinck who made the work. Upon restoration, the thick yellow layer of varnish turned out to be the main culprit. This layer prevented spectators from appreciating the nuances in the preacher's pink skin tones and black clothes. After the restoration, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp invited Rembrandt expert Ernst van de Wetering to study and assess the painting. He was of the opinion that, contrary to what Gerson originally claimed, the painting is a real Rembrandt. This is the accepted conclusion at the moment. Due to doubts over its authenticity, the work was in storage for a long time. After confirmation by Van de Wetering, the KMSKA decided that the work was to be given a permanent spot in the museum's collection upon the reopening of the former.

### General references

* "The preacher Eleazar Swalmius". Flemish Art Collection. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
* Ackley, Clifford S. *Rembrandt's Journey: Painter•Draftsman•Etcher*. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, 2003. ISBN 0-87846-677-0
* A. Bredius, Rembrandt: The Complete Edition of the Paintings, revised by H. Gerson, Londen, 1969, cat. nr. 213.
* J. Bruyn, B. Haak, SH Levie, PJJ van Thiel, E. van de Wetering, A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, III, Dordrecht, 1989, p. 689.
* Ernst van de Wetering, A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings VI. Rembrandt's Paintings Revisited, A complete survey, Dordrecht, 2015, cat nr. 156, p. 560.
* AJJ Delen, in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts - Antwerp. Descriptive Catalog. I. Old Masters, 1948, p. 220.
* Jan Lea Broeckx inMuseums of Belgium. Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp. Old Masters, 1959, No. 44 and 1969 No. 54.
* André A. Moerman, inPublic Art Property Flanders 1963, p. 6-b.
* Smith, Catal. Reasoned, VII, nr. 274, bl. 102.
* Jeroen Giltaij, Lecture and notes on the paintings of Rembrandt and school in the Museum of Fine Arts of Antwerp, 2006.
* J. Couché, “Engraver du Cabinet” of the Duke of Orleans, Paris, J. Couché and J. Bouilard, MDCCLXXXVI. Described in the rare work: “Galerie du Palais * * Royal”, text by Abbé de Fontenai, engravings by; engraved therein as “Portrait d'un Bourgmestre”. by Malherbe and H. Guttemberg; Size given there: H. 4 v. 5 d., B. 3 v. 4 d. Cloth. De Fontenai calls this “un des chefs d'oeuvre de Rembrandt”.
* Royal Museum of Fine Arts. Descriptive Catalog. I. Old Masters, 1905, p. 249-250.
* Wenke Mast, Highlights, Website K.M.S.K.A., 2011.

## InfoBox

| The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Rembrandt |
| Year | 1637 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 132 cm × 109 cm (51+96 in × 42.9 in) |
| Location | Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, Antwerp |


title: Flavorist

abstract: A flavorist, also known as flavor chemist, is someone who uses chemistry to engineer artificial and natural flavors. The tools and materials used by flavorists are almost the same as that used by perfumers with the exception that flavorists seek to mimic or modify both the olfactory and gustatory properties of various food products rather than creating just abstract smells. Additionally, the materials and chemicals that a flavorist utilizes for flavor creation must be safe for human consumption. The profession of flavorists came about when affordable refrigeration for the home spurred of food processing technology, which could affect the quality of the flavor of the food. In some cases, these technologies can remove naturally occurring flavors. To remedy the flavor loss, the food processing industry created the flavor industry. The chemists that resolved the demand of the food processing industry became known as flavorists.

text:
# Flavorist

A **flavorist** (or **flavourist**), also known as **flavor chemist** (or **flavour chemist**), is someone who uses chemistry to engineer artificial and natural flavors. The tools and materials used by flavorists are almost the same as that used by perfumers with the exception that flavorists seek to mimic or modify both the olfactory and gustatory properties of various food products rather than creating just abstract smells. Additionally, the materials and chemicals that a flavorist utilizes for flavor creation must be safe for human consumption.

The profession of flavorists came about when affordable refrigeration for the home spurred of food processing technology, which could affect the quality of the flavor of the food. In some cases, these technologies can remove naturally occurring flavors. To remedy the flavor loss, the food processing industry created the flavor industry. The chemists that resolved the demand of the food processing industry became known as *flavorists*.

## Education

Educational requirements for a flavorist are varied. Flavorists are often graduated either in Chemistry, Biology, or Food Science up to PhDs obtained in subjects such as Biochemistry and Chemistry. Because, however, the training of a flavorist is mostly done on-the-job and specifically at a flavor company known as a flavor house, this training is similar to the apprentice system.

Located in Versailles (France), ISIPCA French School offers two years of high-standard education in food flavoring including 12 months of traineeship in a flavor company. This education program provides students with a solid background in Flavoring formulation, flavor application, and flavor chemistry (analysis and sensory).

Every year The British Society of Flavourists together with Reading University provides, a three-week flavorist training course for flavorists from all around the world.

## Flavorist societies

In the United States, a certified flavorist must be a member of the Society of Flavor Chemists, which meets in New Jersey, Cincinnati, Chicago, and the West Coast 6 to 8 times a year. To be an apprentice flavorist in the society, one must pass an apprenticeship within a flavor house for five years. To be a certified member with voting rights, one must pass a seven-year program. Each level is verified by a written and oral test of the Membership Committee. As an alternative to training under a flavorist, rather than the above-mentioned cases, a 10-year independent option is available. At any given time there are approximately 400 certified and apprentice flavor chemists in the US.

In the United Kingdom, a flavourist can join The British Society of Flavourists, which meets near the London area. To acquire membership, applicants must be sponsored by at least two voting members, shall not be under thirty years of age, and shall have been engaged as a creative flavourist for a period of at least ten years. To be an associate member, applicants must be either a full-time creative flavourist with at least four years' experience, a flavour application chemist, or a food technologist responsible for flavour blending, assessment, and evaluation for a period of at least five years, or a person of such standing in the flavour-producing or using industries as satisfies the Membership Committee that he/she is eligible for membership. An Associate Member must be proposed by two voting members. To be a student member, the applicant must be a new entrant to the flavour industry, not yet able to qualify as an Associate, and proposed by one voting member. To be an affiliate member, applicants must be Technical and Marketing Consultants, Commercial and Technical Managers having a direct relationship to the flavoring industry, and sponsored by three voting members.

## Prominent example

> Grandma would make this concoction with rice and the sauce that she had; it was a combination of brown sugar and butter. It tasted good, obviously. They'd put it over the rice and eat it as a kind of a treat on Sundays...
> *William Low, Pamela Low's brother*

Pamela Low, a flavorist at Arthur D. Little and 1951 graduate of the University of New Hampshire with a microbiology degree, developed the original flavor for Cap'n Crunch in 1963  recalling a recipe of brown sugar and butter her grandmother served over rice at her home in Derry, New Hampshire.

Robert (Bob) Reinhart developed a technique in the manufacture of Cap'n Crunch, using oil in its recipe as a flavor delivery mechanism  which initially presented problems in having the cereal bake properly. The cereal required innovation of a special baking process as it was one of the first cereals to use the oil coating method to deliver its flavoring.

Having arrived at the flavor coating for Cap'n Crunch, Low described it as giving the cereal a quality she called "want-more-ishness". After her death in 2007, the Boston Globe called Low "the mother of Cap'n Crunch." At Arthur D. Little, Low had also worked on the flavors for Heath, Mounds and Almond Joy candy bars.

1. "Flavourist Training Course". *British Society of Flavourists*. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
2. "Pamela Low, Cap'n Crunch creator, RIP". Boingboing,net, David Pescovitz, June 7, 2007. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
3. Marquard, Bryan (7 June 2007). "Pamela Low; kin's treat inspired creation of Cap'n Crunch flavor". *Boston Globe*. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
4. Gregg, John P. “Love the Guilty Pleasure of Cap'n Crunch? Thank New London's Pam Low”, *Valley News*, 3 June 2007, p.1. Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
5. "Pamela Low, 79; created flavored coating for Cap'n Crunch cereal". LA Times, June 6, 2007. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
6. Umstattd, Thomas Jr. (7 November 2008). "Bob Reinhart, Inventor of Captain Crunch, Dies at Age 84". *ThomasUmstattd.com*. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
7. "Meet the Mother of Cap'n Crunch". *Alumni Profiles*. University of New Hampshire. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
8. "Inventor of Cap 'n Crunch dead at 79". SlashFood, Huffington Post, Bob Sassone, Jun 9th 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2016-04-18.


title: The Scent of Incense

abstract: The Scent of Incense The Scent of Incense is a 1964 Japanese drama film based on a novel by Sawako Ariyoshi and directed by Keisuke Kinoshita. It was one of Kinoshita's last cinema productions before working mainly for television.

text:
# The Scent of Incense

***The Scent of Incense*** (香華, *Kōge*) is a 1964 Japanese drama film based on a novel by Sawako Ariyoshi and directed by Keisuke Kinoshita. It was one of Kinoshita's last cinema productions before working mainly for television.

## Plot

Spanning in time from the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) to the post World War II era, *The Scent of Incense* depicts the ongoing conflicts in the troubled relationship between Tomoko and her mother Ikuyo. Ikuyo, who is about to remarry, leaves Tomoko with her grandmother Tsuna, only to sell her to a geisha house after Tsuna's death. When the women meet again, Ikuyo has herself turned to prostitution. Tomoko, now a geisha, starts a relationship with cadet Ezaki with the prospect of marriage, but his family denies its approval due to Ikuyo's profession. Having become independent as the madam of her own geisha house, Tomoko loses her property in the 1923 earthquake. While her mother marries a third time, this time former servant Hachiran, Tomoko refuses the offer of Nozawa to become his mistress. Amidst the ruins of a bomb-ridden Tokyo, where Tomoko and Ikuyo live in a cellar, the mother is reunited with Hachiran who had gone missing during the Second World War. Tomoko hears of the imprisonment and death sentence of Ezaki for a war crime, but when she is finally admitted to visit him in jail after months of waiting, he pretends not to know her. After Ikuyo's death in a traffic accident while Tomoko is in hospital, Hachiran returns to his home town. The film closes with Tomoko having Ikuyo's name added to the family shrine.

## Cast

1. "Kōge". *Shochiku Cinema Classics* (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 June 2023.
2. 「香華」 "Kōge" definition Digital Daijirin 、大辞林
3. "Kōge". *Japanese Movie Database* (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 June 2023.
4. "Kōge". *Kinenote* (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 June 2023.
5. Goble, Alan (1999). *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. London, Melbourne, Munich, New Providence: Bowker-Saur. ISBN 1-85739-229-9.
6. Anderson, Joseph L.; Richie, Donald (1982). *The Japanese Film – Art and Industry* (Expanded ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05351-0.

## InfoBox

| The Scent of Incense | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Japanese name | |
| **Kanji** | 香華 |
|  | |
| Directed by | Keisuke Kinoshita |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by | * Keisuke Kinoshita * Masao Shirai |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Hiroshi Kusuda |
| Edited by | Yoshi Sugihara |
| Music by | Tadashi Kinoshita |
| Production<br>company | Shōchiku |
| Distributed by | Shōchiku |
| Release date | * 24 May 1964 (1964-05-24) (Japan) |
| Running time | 204 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |