title: Vancouveria hexandra

abstract: Vancouveria hexandra, known as white inside-out flower or duckfoot, is a perennial herb in the barberry family Berberidaceae. It is found in southwestern British Columbia, western Washington and Oregon and northwestern California and is a common understory herb in moist, shady Douglas fir forests. This plant grows 20–40 centimetres (8–16 in) high with compound leaves in triplets and is usually found in dense patches. It gets its name from the small delicate white flowers with petal-like sepals that are swept back abruptly as if in the process of turning inside out. The genus honors George Vancouver, the 18th-century explorer of the Pacific Northwest.

text:
# Vancouveria hexandra

***Vancouveria hexandra***, known as **white inside-out flower** or **duckfoot**, is a perennial herb in the barberry family Berberidaceae. It is found in southwestern British Columbia, western Washington and Oregon and northwestern California and is a common understory herb in moist, shady Douglas fir forests.

This plant grows 20–40 centimetres (8–16 in) high with compound leaves in triplets and is usually found in dense patches. It gets its name from the small delicate white flowers with petal-like sepals that are swept back abruptly as if in the process of turning inside out. The genus honors George Vancouver, the 18th-century explorer of the Pacific Northwest.

## InfoBox

| *Vancouveria hexandra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Vancouveria hexandra* in Seattle, Washington | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Berberidaceae |
| Genus: | *Vancouveria* |
| Species: | ***V. hexandra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vancouveria hexandra***<br>(Hook.) C.Morren & Decne. | |
|


title: Vancouveria planipetala

abstract: Vancouveria planipetala is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family known by the common names redwood inside-out flower and redwood ivy.

text:
# Vancouveria planipetala

***Vancouveria planipetala*** is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family known by the common names **redwood inside-out flower** and **redwood ivy**.

## Distribution

The plant is native to northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, where it occurs in Klamath Mountains and northern California Coast Ranges.

It grows in forests, especially Coast redwood forests.

## Description

*Vancouveria planipetala* is a rhizomatous perennial herb with a short, mostly underground stem. It produces a patch of basal leaves which are each made up of round or heart-shaped leaflets borne on long, reddish petioles.

The inflorescence appears in May and June. It is a panicle of flowers on a long, erect peduncle. Each small, drooping flower has six inner sepals which look like petals. They are a few millimeters in length, white, and reflexed back, or upwards, away from the flower center. Lying against the sepals are the smaller true petals, which are white or purple-tinged and flat-tipped or notched. There are six stamens and a large glandular ovary.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for planting in native plant and wildlife gardens.

## InfoBox

| *Vancouveria planipetala* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Berberidaceae |
| Genus: | *Vancouveria* |
| Species: | ***V. planipetala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vancouveria planipetala***<br>Calloni | |
|


title: Granulifusus williami

abstract: Granulifusus williami is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

text:
# Granulifusus williami

***Granulifusus williami*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in Indonesia and the Society Islands .

## InfoBox

| *Granulifusus williami* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Granulifusus williami* (specimen at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Fasciolariidae |
| Genus: | *Granulifusus* |
| Species: | ***G. williami*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Granulifusus williami***<br>(Poppe & Tagaro, 2006) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Fusinus williami* Poppe & Tagaro, 2006 (original combination) | |


title: Motor torpedo boat

abstract: A motor torpedo boat is a fast torpedo boat, especially of the mid 20th century. The motor in the designation originally referred to their use of petrol engines, typically marinised aircraft engines or their derivatives, which distinguished them from other naval craft of the era, including other torpedo boats, that used steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines. Later, diesel-powered torpedo boats appeared, in turn or retroactively referred to as "motor torpedo boats" for their internal combustion engines, as distinct from steam powered reciprocating or turbine propulsion. Though other navies built similar petrol-powered craft, the specific designation "motor torpedo boat", abbreviated to "MTB", is generally used for craft of the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Canadian Navy boats. During the Second World War, the US Navy built several classes of marine V-12-powered PT boat, whose hull classification symbol "PT" stood for "patrol, torpedo", but which were grouped into motor torpedo boat squadrons. German diesel-powered torpedo boats of the Second World War were called S-boote by the Kriegsmarine and "E-boats" by the Allies. These large craft were not known as motor torpedo boats at the time, but later have been grouped with them by some. Italian MTBs of this period were known as Motoscafo Armato Silurante. French MTBs were known as vedettes lance torpilles. Soviet MTBs were known as торпедные катеры. Romanian MTBs were known as vedete torpiloare. The role of the motor torpedo boat has been absorbed in modern navies by the fast attack craft.

text:
# Motor torpedo boat

A **motor torpedo boat** is a fast torpedo boat, especially of the mid 20th century. The *motor* in the designation originally referred to their use of petrol engines, typically marinised aircraft engines or their derivatives, which distinguished them from other naval craft of the era, including other torpedo boats, that used steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines. Later, diesel-powered torpedo boats appeared, in turn or retroactively referred to as "motor torpedo boats" for their internal combustion engines, as distinct from steam powered reciprocating or turbine propulsion.

Though other navies built similar petrol-powered craft, the specific designation "motor torpedo boat", abbreviated to "MTB", is generally used for craft of the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Canadian Navy boats.

During the Second World War, the US Navy built several classes of marine V-12-powered PT boat, whose hull classification symbol "PT" stood for "patrol, torpedo", but which were grouped into motor torpedo boat squadrons. German diesel-powered torpedo boats of the Second World War were called *S-boote* (*Schnellboote*, "fast boats") by the *Kriegsmarine* and "E-boats" by the Allies. These large craft (well over 100 ft overall) were not known as motor torpedo boats at the time, but later have been grouped with them by some. Italian MTBs of this period were known as *Motoscafo Armato Silurante* ("MAS boats", torpedo-armed motorboats). French MTBs were known as *vedettes lance torpilles* ("torpedo-launching fast boats"). Soviet MTBs were known as *торпедные катеры* (*torpyedniye katyery*; "torpedo cutters", often abbreviated as *TKA*). Romanian MTBs were known as *vedete torpiloare* ("torpedo fast boats").

The role of the motor torpedo boat has been absorbed in modern navies by the fast attack craft.

## History

Torpedo boats were designed for missions that variously involved high speed, operating at night, low speed ambush, and manoeuvrability to allow them to get close enough to launch their torpedoes at enemy vessels. With no significant armour, the boats relied upon surprise and agility at high speed to avoid being hit by gunfire from bigger ships.

The Royal Navy started developing particularly small, agile, and fast petrol-powered torpedo boats in the early 20th century, shortly before the beginning of the First World War. Known as coastal motor boats, these were only around 15 long tons (15 t). They were joined by the Italian Navy's MAS boats, of 20–30 long tons (20–30 t) displacement. *MAS 15* was the only motor torpedo boat in history to sink a battleship, the Austro-Hungarian vessel *Szent István* in 1918. In the Second World War, Britain fielded a variety of motor launches (MLs), motor torpedo boats (MTBs), motor gunboats (MGBs) and motor anti-submarine boats (MASBs), which were operated by Coastal Forces. A similar size boat with a different role in the Second World War was the BPB 63 ft (19 m) high-speed launch used by the RAF for air-sea rescue operations. Diesel-powered MTBs entered the Royal Navy with the Dark class and Gay class fast patrol boats in 1954. The last MTBs in the Royal Navy were the two Brave-class fast patrol boats of 1958, which were capable of 50 knots (93 km/h).

## Specifications

Many boats were designated MTBs. A variety of designs were adopted and built. For instance, a 55 ft (17 m) type, capable of 40 kn (46 mph; 74 km/h), was shown in 1930.

### British MTBs

The following is an incomplete list of British motor torpedo boats:

#### Vosper "private venture boat"

Commander Peter Du Cane CBE, the managing director of Vosper Ltd, designed a motor torpedo boat as a private venture in 1936. She was completed and launched in 1937. The vessel was bought by the Admiralty and taken into service with the Royal Navy as MTB 102.

* Length: 68 ft (21 m)
* Beam: 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)
* Draft: 3 ft 9 in (1.14 m),

The installed powerplant of three Isotta Fraschini Asso V-18 57-litre petrol engines delivered 3,300 hp (2,500 kW) which gave her a speed of 48 kn (55 mph; 89 km/h) light and 43 kn (49 mph; 80 km/h) when carrying a full load.

* Crew: 2 officers, 10 men.

Armament was two 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes; depth charges, machine guns and 20mm Oerlikon were trialled on her.

*MTB 102* was the fastest wartime British naval vessel in service. She was at Dunkirk in 1940 for the evacuation of British and French troops, where she served as Rear-Admiral Frederic Wake-Walker's flagship after the destroyer HMS *Keith* was sunk. She carried Winston Churchill and Dwight Eisenhower when they reviewed the fleet before the Invasion of Normandy in 1944.

#### British Power Boat 60 ft MTB

They were based on the British Power Boat Company Type Two 63 ft HSL (high-speed launch) originally designed for the Royal Air Force for air-sea rescue but reduced to 60 ft (18 m) in length. They could carry two 18-inch (457 mm) torpedoes and achieve a maximum speed of 33 kn (38 mph; 61 km/h). The Royal Navy ordered their first (of a total of 18) in 1936. These entered service as MTB numbers 1 to 12 and 14 to 19. In the early days of the war, they were painted with different numbers and photos distributed to the press to give the impression the Royal Navy had more than they actually did. One photo was sent to the American monthly *Popular Science* showing the number twenty-three.

#### British Power Boat 72 ft MTB

Initially ordered as an MGB in 1941; they were converted to MTBs (412-418, 430-432, and 534-500) from 1942 by addition of two 18-inch tubes and a 6-pdr gun. Although 10 tons heavier after conversion they still made 39 knots.

#### Vosper 45 ft MTB

Built as a private venture, the 45-ft MTBs were scaled down versions of larger Vosper design and intended to be carried by larger vessels. As MTB 104 to 107, these were taken up by Admiralty but found to be poor seakeeping and not used for combat.

MTB 105 was carried aboard the Special Service Vessel HMS *Fidelity* after her conversion to a Commando carrier for service in the Far East with T Company, 40 Commando. *Fidelity* was topedoed and sunk with great loss of life as part of Convoy ON 154. The eight crew of MTB 105, along with two from one of *Fidelity's* floatplanes were the only survivors from the sinking.

#### Vosper 70 ft MTB

Although various boat lengths were produced by Vosper for the Royal Navy, the "70 ft" boat was produced from 1940. The design was produced with modifications as MTBs 31-40, 57-66, 73-98, 222-245 and 347-362.

Using three Packard V1-12 marine engines, they were capable of around 37 kn (43 mph; 69 km/h). Early models carried two 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, twin 0.50 in (13 mm) machine guns in a "bin" behind the bridge and two 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns. They could also carry four depth charges.

The Vosper 70 was also used in other navies, such as Romania's, which acquired three in 1939, with NMS Viscolul the lead ship of the class.

#### Vosper 73 ft (Type I and Type II)

Between 1943 and 1945, the "Vosper 73ft" design appeared; this was a flush-decked type with a slight sheer forward, dispensing entirely with the low forecastle and scalloping of the majority of '70-footer' types. The type II differed from the Type I in that it carried a heavier gun armament at the expense of two torpedo tubes. Boats produced to this design carried pennant numbers MTB 380-395 and MTB 523-537. The Type II did not enter service before the end of the war but was in use after the war.

Type I Type II * Length 73 ft (22 m)
* Engine 4,200 hp
* Speed 40 knots (74 km/h)
* Range 480 nmi (890 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h)
* Displacement 49 t
* Armament
* Crew 13

#### Thornycroft 75 ft MTB

The first two (MTB 24, 25) were actually 74 ft prototypes for the design ordered in 1938. Powered by three Isotti-Franschini engines they could reach 37 knots. The later ones, MTBs 49-56, had four Thornycroft RY12 engines but were too slow for operations.

#### J S White 75 ft MTB

A development of the Vosper designs, White had been building under sub-contract. After construction passed to Polish Navy as S5-S10. Armed with two 18-inch torpedoes, 6-pounder gun forward, twin 20mm Oerlikon aft and two twin .303 machine gun mountings.

#### Fairmile D MTB

The Fairmile D was a very large British MTB designed by Bill Holt and conceived by Fairmile Marine for the Royal Navy. Nicknamed "Dog Boats", they were designed to combat the known advantages of the German E-boats over previous British coastal craft designs. Larger than earlier MTB or motor gun boat (MGB) designs, the Fairmile D was driven by four Packard 12-cylinder 1250 horsepower supercharged petrol engines and could achieve 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) at full load. The boat carried 5,200 gallons of 100 octane fuel for a range, at maximum continuous speed, of 506 nautical miles. Armament varied according to role but could include four 18-inch or two 21-inch torpedoes, 6-pounder and 2-pounder guns, Oerlikons, multiple machine guns and depth charges.

### Canadian MTBs

These boats were designed by Hubert Scott-Paine for the Canadian Power Boat Company, and used by the Royal Canadian Navy 29th MTB Flotilla. Originally designed as motor gun boats (MGBs), carrying a 6-pounder (57mm, 2.24 inch) to engage enemy small craft, they were re-designated MTBs.

Scott-Paine type G 70 foot boat

* Manufacturer: British Power Boats, Hythe
* Displacement: 55 tons
* Overall length: 72 ft 6 inches (21 m)
* Breadth: 20 ft 7 inches (6.3 m)
* Draught: 5 ft 8 inches (1.7 m)
* Maximum speed: 38–41 kn (44–47 mph; 70–76 km/h) (new)
* Armament:
* Powerplant – three Rolls-Royce or Packard 14M supercharged V-12 engines
three shafts
* Power – 3,750 hp total
* Range – 140 nmi (260 km) radius of action at 25 kn (29 mph; 46 km/h)

## Post-war usage

After the end of World War II a number of Royal Navy vessels were stripped and sold for use as houseboats. These included MGBs as well as MTBs. Many of these were moored in maritime locations such as Chichester Canal (*MTB 71*, now restored and on display at the Royal Naval Museum in Gosport), Langstone Harbour, Littlehampton, Hayling Island and Wootton Creek, although most have now disappeared from these locations. More MTB houseboats can be found at Shoreham-by-Sea (West Sussex), Cobden Bridge (Southampton) and Bembridge (Isle of Wight).

* Konstam, Angus (2003), *British Motor Torpedo Boat 1939–45*, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84176-500-6
* Lengerer, Hans (2007). "Motor Torpedo Boats of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Part II". *Warship International*. **XLIV** (4): 345–358. ISSN 0043-0374.
* *Dog Boats at War: A History of the Operations of the Royal Navy D Class Fairmile Motor Torpedo Boats and Motor Gunboats 1939–1945* by L. C. Reynolds and Lord Lewin, Sutton Pubns Inc, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7509-2454-2


title: Van Hook, North Dakota

abstract: Van Hook is a thriving resort community built on the shores of Lake Sakakawea. The town was disbanded in the 1950s with the flooding of Lake Sakakawea and for a very short period of time was classified as a ghost town in the north central United States, located in Van Hook Township in Mountrail County, North Dakota. The original town site was mostly left not flooded when Lake Sakakawea was formed in the 1950s behind Garrison Dam. The US Government forced all Van Hook residents in the 1950s to give up their homes and move to New Town. The townsite for a short period of time was abandoned. However, since most of the old townsite was never actually flooded by Lake Sakakawea, the townsite and land nearby more recently has been turned into a thriving unincorporated resort community still called Van Hook and with both a summer-only and a year-around permanent population. Lake Sakakawea's Van Hook Arm gets its name from the town.

text:
# Van Hook, North Dakota

Van Hookclass=notpageimage|Location in the United States Van Hookclass=notpageimage|Location in North Dakota

**Van Hook** is a thriving resort community built on the shores of Lake Sakakawea. The town was disbanded in the 1950s with the flooding of Lake Sakakawea and for a very short period of time was classified as a ghost town in the north central United States, located in Van Hook Township in Mountrail County, North Dakota. The original town site was mostly left not flooded when Lake Sakakawea was formed in the 1950s behind Garrison Dam.

The US Government forced all Van Hook residents in the 1950s to give up their homes and move to New Town. The townsite for a short period of time was abandoned. However, since most of the old townsite was never actually flooded by Lake Sakakawea, the townsite and land nearby more recently has been turned into a thriving unincorporated resort community still called Van Hook and with both a summer-only and a year-around permanent population. Lake Sakakawea's Van Hook Arm gets its name from the town.

## History

Van Hook was founded in 1914 as a station on the Soo Line Railroad. It is named after Fred van Hook, who was one of the first to survey the area in 1911. It was incorporated in 1915, and reported a population of 372 in 1930. In fact, the town grew so fast that it earned the nickname "The City of Speed."

When the Garrison Dam was built in the early 1950s, forming Lake Sakakawea, the town's original residents were relocated to New Town, which the government had built to house those displaced by the dam. Residents from Sanish, located in a place which is now usually completely underwater, also moved here. Another new unincorporated village called New Sanish has since reformed on higher dry land to the south of the original flooded Sanish townsite but still near Lake Sakakawea.

The original incorporated Van Hook town's last reported US Census population in 1950 was 380, prior to when, everyone was forced to move out by the federal government.

The Van Hook arm of Lake Sakakawea has always been very popular for recreational fishing, boating, and camping. The rebuilt resort town began a building process in the 1970s when it became obvious that most of the main townsite did not flood and would never be flooded by the waters of Lake Sakakawea, and some of the original townsite area was initially opened for camping trailers and other similar temporary summer living quarters. This begins a sequence of events in which year-round homes were eventually not only permitted but encouraged—leading eventually to the present town and the year-round Van Hook community. The present town continues to add residential areas to the north of the original townsite, and a secondary community of permanent homes a short distance to the north and west of the main townsite has also developed.

The precise current population of the unincorporated resort area/town or "new" Van Hook is not known, but in the summer with temporary residents might easily exceed the 1950 census number of 380. There are plans to get a population count of the current town(s) called Van Hook in the 2020 US Census.

## Education

There was previously a school in Van Hook, of the New Town School District.

## InfoBox

| Van Hook, North Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| former Ghost town currently a thriving resort town | |
| Van Hook Arm (satellite image) | |
| Coordinates: 47°56′42″N 102°21′36″W / 47.945°N 102.36°W / 47.945; -102.36 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Dakota |
| County | Mountrail |
| Founded | 1914 |
| Incorporated | 1915 |
| Disincorporated | 1953 |
| Elevation | 1,850 ft (560 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 701 |
| Website | http://www.co.mountrail.nd.us/visitors/van%20hook%20resort |


title: Van Hoof

abstract:
Van Hoof is a Dutch toponymic surname. Hoof may refer to any number of places with the -hof, -hoof, or -hove endings, including the town Hove in Antwerp province, near which the surname is particularly common. It could also be derived from names with a particle, like Van 't Hof. Variants include Van Hooff and Vanhoof. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Elke Vanhoof, Belgian BMX bicyclist
  - Frederique van Hoof, Dutch Paralympic table tennis player
  - Harry van Hoof, Dutch composer, conductor and music arranger
  - Henk van Hoof, Dutch politician
  - Jan van Hoof (1922–1944), Dutch Resistance member
  - Jef van Hoof (1886–1959), Belgian composer and conductor
  - Mary Ann Van Hoof (1909–1984), American Marian visionary
  - Roger van Hoof, Belgian Surgeon General
  - Van Hooff
  - Anton van Hooff, Dutch historian of antiquity
  - Jan van Hooff (1755–1816), Dutch Patriot politician and statesman
  - Jan van Hooff, Dutch primatologist

text:
# Van Hoof

**Van Hoof** is a Dutch toponymic surname. *Hoof* (modern Dutch *hof* and *hoef*, "homestead") may refer to any number of places with the -hof, -hoof, or -hove endings, including the town Hove in Antwerp province, near which the surname is particularly common. It could also be derived from names with a particle, like Van 't Hof ("from the homestead"). Variants include *Van Hooff* and *Vanhoof*. Notable people with the surname include:

Van Hooff


title: Greek football league system

abstract: The Greek football league system consists of two professional leagues, one nationwide non-professional league and several regional non-professional leagues.

text:
# Greek football league system

The **Greek football league system** consists of two professional leagues, one nationwide non-professional league and several regional non-professional leagues.

## Cup eligibility

Greek Football Professional Cup: Levels 1 to 2
Greek Football Amateur Cup: Level 3

## Promotion and relegation

**Super League 1**: Bottom two clubs are relegated to the Super League 2.

**Super League 2**: Winners of two groups are promoted to Super League 1. Bottom two clubs from each of the two groups are relegated to the Gamma Ethniki.

**Gamma Ethniki**: The champions of each group are promoted to the Super League 2. Twenty seven teams in total are relegated to the Local Championships.

**Local championships**: The top team in each regional league qualifies for the promotional play-offs. Three top teams of each of 8 promotional play-offs' groups (24 total) are promoted to Gamma Ethniki.

Starting in 2023–24 season, Gamma Ethniki will be divided in 4 groups with 18 teams each, winners of each group will promote to professional league, Super League 2 and the bottom 6 teams will be relegated to Local Championship.

As of 2024–25 season, Super League 2 will have 20 clubs in a single group, top two will be promoted to Super League 1 and bottom 4 teams will lose professional status and be relegated to non-professional league, Gamma Ethniki.

## League Pyramid

| Level | League(s) / Division(s) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Super League 1**
*14 clubs* | | | |
|  | ↓↑ 2 clubs | | | |
| 2 | **Super League 2**
*20 clubs divided in 2 groups* | | | |
| | **Group 1**
*10 clubs* | | **Group 2**
*10 clubs* | |
|  | ↓↑ 4 clubs | | | |
| 3 | **Gamma Ethniki**
*69 clubs divided in 4 groups* | | | |
| | **Group 1**
*18 clubs* | **Group 2**
*18 clubs* | **Group 3**
*16 clubs* | **Group 4**
*17 clubs* |
|  | ↓ 30 clubs ↑ 24 clubs | | | |
| 4 | **FCA Winners' Championship**
*53 FCA Championship winners and 3 runners-up (Athens, Piraeus and Macedonia) of local championships qualify for promotion playoffs, divided in 8 Groups of 7 teams each.* | | | |

On 16 July 2006 the Alpha Ethniki was replaced as the highest league in the Greek football system by the Super League Greece 1.

In 1962-2019, the Football League was the second level of the league system, until 2010 as Beta Ethniki. After the formation of Superliga 2, in 2019/20 and 2020/21, the Football League was the third tier and Gamma Ethniki was the fourth tier. In 2010-2013 Gamma Ethniki as Football League 2.


title: Vendredi sur Mer

abstract: Charline Simone Rosemonde Mignot, better known as Vendredi sur Mer, is a Swiss singer-songwriter and photographer.

text:
# Vendredi sur Mer

**Charline Simone Rosemonde Mignot** (born 20 April 1995), better known as **Vendredi sur Mer** (French for "Friday by the Sea"), is a Swiss singer-songwriter and photographer.

## Biography

Charline Mignot was born in Romandy, a Francophone part of Switzerland, where she lived until she moved to Lyon where she attended an art school. She began her career as a photographer, notably working with the French luxury goods manufacturer, Hermès. Inspired by a meeting with her manager who appraised her homemade song made with a friend, she decided to take her first steps in the music industry. She settled in Paris and adopted a pseudonym *Vendredi sur Mer*. "I wanted a name that invites you to a voyage, to poetry, to reverie," she explained, adding that it's the sea that she draws most inspiration from.

Composed by Lewis OfMan, her first EP *Marée basse* was released in November 2017. In 2019, she released her first studio album called *Premiers émois*. She released her second studio album *Métamorphose* in 2021.

## Reception

The cultural magazine *PopMatters* likened Mignot's work to that of the French band La Femme.

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, showing selected details, and selected chart positions
| Title | Details | Peak chart
positions | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SUI | SUI Rom. | BEL (WA) | FRA |
| *Premiers émois* |  | 42 | 15 | 167 | 58 |
| *Métamorphose* |  |  |  |  |  |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory | | | | | |

### Extended plays

List of extended plays, showing selected details
| Title | Details | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Marée basse* |  |  |
| *Sextended versions* |  | * Remix EP |

### Singles

#### As lead artist

List of singles, showing year and album
| **Title** | Year | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Mort / Fine* | 2015 | Non-album single |
| *Écoute Chérie* | 2018 | *Premiers émois* |
| *Comment tu vas finir* | 2021 | *Métamorphose* |
| *Le Lac* | 2022 | |
| *Tout m'ennuie* | | |

List of featured singles, showing year and album
| **Title** | **Year** | **Album** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *I Wrote A Song* *(Mae Muller featuring Vendredi Sur Mer)* | 2023 | Non-album single |

## InfoBox

| Vendredi sur Mer | |
| --- | --- |
| Mignot in 2022 | |
| Born | Charline Simone Rosemonde Mignot
(1995-04-20) 20 April 1995
Geneva, Switzerland |
| Other names | Vendredi sur Mer |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter * photographer |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres | Electropop, indie pop |
| Labels | Profil de Face (2015 - 2021) Sony Music France (2021 - present) |
|  | |


title: Grays Creek (Yadkin River tributary)

abstract: Grays Creek is a 5.24 mi (8.43 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Yadkin River in Wilkes County, North Carolina.

text:
# Grays Creek (Yadkin River tributary)

**Grays Creek** is a 5.24 mi (8.43 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Yadkin River in Wilkes County, North Carolina.

## Course

Grays Creek rises about 0.5 miles northeast of Dark Mountain and then flows northerly to join the Yadkin River at about 1 mile southwest of Ronda, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Grays Creek drains 4.90 square miles (12.7 km2) of area, receives about 49.9 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 355.77, and is about 48% forested.

## InfoBox

| Grays Creek
Tributary to Yadkin River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Grays Creek mouthGrays Creek (Yadkin River tributary) (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Wilkes |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | North Little Hunting Creek divide |
| location | about 0.5 miles northeast of Dark Mountain |
| coordinates | 36°08′59″N 080°57′31″W / 36.14972°N 80.95861°W / 36.14972; -80.95861 |
| elevation | 1,300 ft (400 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Yadkin River |
| location | about 1 mile southwest of Ronda, North Carolina. |
| coordinates | 36°12′08″N 080°57′15″W / 36.20222°N 80.95417°W / 36.20222; -80.95417 |
| elevation | 898 ft (274 m) |
| Length | 5.24 mi (8.43 km) |
| Basin size | 4.90 square miles (12.7 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Yadkin River |
| average | 7.84 cu ft/s (0.222 m3/s) at mouth with Yadkin River |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | generally north |
| River system | Yadkin River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | unnamed tributaries |
| right | unnamed tributaries |
| Bridges | Old US 421, Wilkes-Yadkin Road, US 421, Mathis Mill Road, Old 60 |


title: Mount Haley Township, Michigan

abstract: Mount Haley Township is a civil township of Midland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,609 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Mount Haley Township, Michigan

**Mount Haley Township** is a civil township of Midland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,609 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

The township is in southern Midland County, bordered to the south by Saginaw County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 23.9 square miles (62 km2), of which 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2), or 0.20%, are water.

## Communities

* **Gordonville** was a settlement centered initially on a shingle mill. It had a post office starting in 1875 originally under the name **Headache**. Later that year it was renamed to **Bradford**. The post office was renamed **Gordonville** in 1906. The post office closed in 1910.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 223 |  |  |
| 1890 | 444 |  | 99.1% |
| 1900 | 683 |  | 53.8% |
| 1910 | 685 |  | 0.3% |
| 1920 | 665 |  | −2.9% |
| 1930 | 613 |  | −7.8% |
| 1940 | 732 |  | 19.4% |
| 1950 | 883 |  | 20.6% |
| 1960 | 1,085 |  | 22.9% |
| 1970 | 1,262 |  | 16.3% |
| 1980 | 1,586 |  | 25.7% |
| 1990 | 1,656 |  | 4.4% |
| 2000 | 1,654 |  | −0.1% |
| 2010 | 1,678 |  | 1.5% |
| 2020 | 1,609 |  | −4.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,678 people, 616 households, and 468 families residing in the township. The population density was 69.5 inhabitants per square mile (26.8/km2). There were 641 housing units at an average density of 27.0 per square mile (10.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.88% White, 0.85% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 616 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families in 2000. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.09 in 2000.

In 2000, the township the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,321, and the median income for a family was $47,153. Males had a median income of $38,875 versus $21,800 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,553. About 5.8% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

### Notes

### Sources

* Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) \[1973\]. *Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities* (Paperback). Great Lakes Books Series. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.

## InfoBox

| Mount Haley Township, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil township | |
| Location within Midland County and the state of Michigan | |
| Mount Haley TownshipMount Haley Township | |
| Coordinates: 43°31′02″N 84°19′54″W / 43.51722°N 84.33167°W / 43.51722; -84.33167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Midland |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | Richard Keenan |
| Clerk | Sharon Fleming |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.87 sq mi (61.8 km2) |
| Land | 23.82 sq mi (61.7 km2) |
| Water | 0.05 sq mi (0.1 km2) |
| Elevation | 666 ft (203 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,609 |
| Density | 67.6/sq mi (26.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 48640 (Midland)
48637 (Merrill)
48623 (Freeland)
48626 (Hemlock) |
| Area code | 989 |
| FIPS code | 26-111-55940 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1626773 |
| Website | www.mthaleytwp.com |


title: Great 3

abstract: Rotten Hats Great 3, stylised as GREAT3, are a Japanese rock band formed in 1994. The trio is composed of guitarist Akito Katayose, drummer Kenichi Shirane and bassist jan. All members serve as composers and lyricists, as well as lead vocalists. The band's name is a reference to all three members being tall.

text:
# Great 3

**Great 3**, stylised as **GREAT3**, are a Japanese rock band formed in 1994. The trio is composed of guitarist Akito Katayose, drummer Kenichi Shirane and bassist jan (who replaced Kiyoshi Takakuwa in 2012). All members serve as composers and lyricists, as well as lead vocalists. The band's name is a reference to all three members being tall.

## Biography

Katayose, Shirane and Takakuwa formed Great 3 after the dissolution of their previous band Rotten Hats (ロッテンハッツ, *Rotten Hattsu*) in February 1994 (the other members went to form Hicksville). The group debuted on Toshiba EMI with the single "Fool & the Gang" and the album *Richmondo High* in 1995. Later, they established their own label, Bodicious. In the early 2000s, they started collaborating with American musician John McEntire, who produced/engineered their albums *May and December* (2001), *When You Were a Beauty* (2002) and *Climax* (2003), *When You Were a Beauty* being recorded with the members of The Sea and Cake, Tortoise and Wilco. In February 2004, the group gone on hiatus, with members focusing on their solo careers. In May 2012, it was announced Kiyoshi Takakuwa was no longer part of Great 3. On 27 July 2012 they released their first digital single titled "Emotion / Lady" and on 1 August, it was announced the new bass player would be jan. The band's first album with jan, the self-titled Great3, was released on 21 November 2012. A second, entitled Ai no Kankei, was released on 19 March 2014; it is the band's most-recent release to date.

## Members

* **Akito Katayose** (片寄 明人, *Katayose Akito*) (born 23 May 1968 in Tokyo, Japan) — vocals, guitar

Known for writing lyrics, composing songs and producing records for Japanese acts such as Any, Fujifabric, GO!GO!7188, Merengue, Sakura Merry Men, Sister Jet, Sophia, Violent Is Savanna, Zamagi, et al. In 2000, he released a solo album under the name **Akito** titled *Hey Mister Girl!* recorded with the members of The Sea and Cake, Tortoise and Wilco, and produced by John McEntire. Acts as a duo with his wife, Chocolat (Chocolat & Akito). * **Kenichi Shirane** (白根 賢一, *Shirane Kenichi*) (born 11 January 1968 in Tokyo, Japan) — vocals, drums

Support live and studio drummer for various Japanese artists such as The Beatniks, Bonnie Pink, Caravan, Chara, CureaL, Leo Imai, Kimonos, Love Psychedelico, Yūji Nakada (中田裕二, *Nakada Yūji*), Salyu. Music producer. Released a solo electronic album titled *Manmancer* in 2008. His other musical projects include Lasvegas and Acapulco. * **jan** (born 4 May 1990) — vocals, bass

Son of singer and photographer Nanaco Sato (佐藤奈々子, *Satō Nanako*) * **Kiyoshi Takakuwa** (高桑 圭, *Takakuwa Kiyoshi*)(**Former member**) (born 17 September 1967 in Australia) — vocals, bass

Left in May 2012. Continues solo career as **Curly Giraffe** and act as a live and studio support for other musicians. Played in a band Honesty with Shigekazu Aida of El-Malo.

## Discography

### Albums

### Singles

* "Fool & the Gang" (1995)
* "Oh Baby" (1995)
* "Discoman" (1995)
* "Star Tours" (1996)
* "Little J no Nageki" (Little Jの嘆き) (1996)
* "Glass Roots" (1996)
* "Tamatsuki" (玉突き) (1997)
* "Caligula" (1998) (with Chara)
* "Soul Glow" (1998)
* "I.Y.O.B.S.O.S." (1999) (with cover of Madonna's "Like a Virgin" as B-side)
* "Quincy" (2001)
* "Ruby" (2001)
* "Climax E.P." (2003)
* "Great 3 Remixes" (2004)
* "Higan" (彼岸) (2012)
* "Emotion" / "Lady" (レイディ, *Reidi*) (2012)

### Compilations

* *Great 3 Singles 1994～2002* (2002)
* *Music for Cosmetic* (2002) (Collection of instrumental songs)
* *Lost Virgin ～Great3 Best～* (2004) (Best & live)

### Videos

* *Great3 Singles 1994～2002* (2002)
* *Tour Climax 2003.5.9* (2003)
* *Private Lesson Tour Romance I In the Summer of 1997* (2008)
* *Great3 Singles 1994～2002* (2008)

### Other

## InfoBox

| Great 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | GREAT3 |
| Origin | Japan |
| Genres | Alternative rock, indie pop |
| Years active | 1994–present |
| Labels | Bodicious
EMI Japan
Toshiba EMI |
|  | |
| Members | Akito Katayose (vocals, guitar)
Kenichi Shirane (vocals, drums)
jan (vocals, bass) |
|  | |
| Past members | Kiyoshi Takakuwa (vocals, bass) |
|  | |
| Website | great3.com |


title: Vega Schools

abstract: Vega Schools are a chain of co-educational, private K-12 schools in Gurgaon, Haryana state, India. The medium of instruction is in English and the CBSE & CCE core curriculum. Vega is the only North Indian member school of the Global Schools Alliance - an alliance of the 15 most progressive schools around the world, also with ties to candidates of Harvard Graduate School of Education to set up a research program to explore the various aspects.

text:
# Vega Schools

**Vega Schools** are a chain of co-educational, private K-12 schools in Gurgaon, Haryana state, India. The medium of instruction is in English and the CBSE & CCE (Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation) core curriculum. Vega is the only North Indian member school of the Global Schools Alliance - an alliance of the 15 most progressive schools around the world, also with ties to candidates of Harvard Graduate School of Education to set up a research program to explore the various aspects.

## History

Vega Schools were established in 2016 by Co Founders Dr. Steven Edwards and Sandeep Hooda. The leadership board comprises leading Indian and Global education experts such as David Price, OBE, Andrew Raymer, Padmashri Awardee Gowri Ishwaran and school design expert Lene Jensby Lange. Respected corporate professionals Rajan Hooda (JP Morgan, McKinsey and Citigroup) and Sunil Radhakrishna (DCM Shriram Group) are also members of the leadership board.

## Vega Schools (Primary and Middle)

## Vega Schools (Senior)

## Academic

Academic facilities include scientifically designed open classrooms and laboratories which are equipped with interactive whiteboards, projection screens to integrate Information Communication Technology (ICT) and multi-purpose air conditioned indoor sports hall and outdoor sports infrastructure for badminton, basketball, cricket, football, tennis, skating, gymnastics, aerobics and yoga. Vega Schools use PBL - Problem Based Learning, to empower their learners with life skills that will stay relevant, whatever the future may hold. PBL is a 3 in 1 learning method that comprises experiential learning, inquiry based learning and project based learning. PBL is considered to create more learning opportunities at the same time by putting less pressure on children, especially when they are in primary and middle schools.

The vision is to reimagine education and to create best schools that will serve as ‘agents of change’, where learning is an engaged, innovative and collaborative process, built on a deep value-based foundation, where the child understands, explores, defines and achieves the greatest potential and becomes not just a successful global citizen for the 21st century but an admirable human being for all ages.

The purpose of Vega Schools is to transform education by creating a happy place for children and equipping them with skills for the new world.

## Campus and infrastructure

Vega Schools have two campuses in Gurgaon, in sector 48 and sector 76. Campuses have centralized AC systems with PM10 and PM2.5 air purification system and school environment is air pollution free.

Spatial and neuroscientific research has shown that open classrooms naturally increase attention, focus, and curiosity in the brain, which is why the best companies in the world have made the shift towards open and collaborative workspaces.

Vega Schools have replaced traditional classrooms with open learning classrooms, small group learning zones, individual quiet zones, large spaces for immersive learning and small hubs for individual assistance. These architectural innovations not only create an optimal learning environment and enable ‘real-life learning’ but also help our learners actively imbibe life skills and facilitates empathy, collaboration, enquiry, confidence, imagination, and creativity. They also help minimise negative behaviour such as bullying and enhance the overall safety.

## Events

School has organized several editions of Gurgaon Children's Literature Festival (GCLF) among children and parents. Literature festival had sessions of storytelling and interactive workshops and drew the attention of over 3,000 parents and children. Parents and children also explored a collection of books from national and international publishers. Vega Schools believe in triggering the love of reading in children and also have Gurgaon's first free libraries in both their campuses.

https://uniformapp.in/vega-schools-gurgaon

## InfoBox

| Vega Schools | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Sector 48, Gurgaon – 122018
Haryana,
India | |
| Coordinates | 28°24′39″N 77°02′17″E / 28.410766°N 77.038010°E / 28.410766; 77.038010 |
| Information | |
| School type | Private |
| Motto | *Discover the star within* |
| Established | 2012 |
| School district | Gurgaon district |
| Grades | KG-12 |
| Website | vega.edu.in |


abstract: Green Crystal Ties, Volume 10: 60s Garage Band Flashback is a compilation album featuring psychedelic and garage rock musical artists that recorded in the 1960s and early 1970s. It is the tenth and final installment of the Green Crystal Ties series and was released on Collectables Records on April 7, 1998. The album arguably features the most obscure musical artists featured in the series. The set begins with a Merseybeat-flavored demo, "Nothing But You", by the Outcasts, cut when the group was still known as the Radiations. California produced the Stingrays, whose song "Something About You" emulates the beat music that was popularized in England. Another American group, the Mad Hatters, with their musical stance fixated on the Yardbirds, offer the tracks "Go Fight Alone" and the Dylanesque "A Pebble in My Sand". Texan band the Intruders make a dive into psychedelia on their Ell record label recordings "Temporary Insanity" and "The Lone Stranger". The Comets record an inspired rendition of the Rolling Stones' "The Last Time", sounding like an accomplished frat band, even though the members were under 15-years old. Other little-known bands that make an appearance on the album includes the Trees, the Englishmen, and the Mauraders.

text:
# Green Crystal Ties, Volume 10: 60s Garage Band Flashback

***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 10: 60s Garage Band Flashback*** is a compilation album featuring psychedelic and garage rock musical artists that recorded in the 1960s and early 1970s. It is the tenth and final installment of the *Green Crystal Ties* series and was released on Collectables Records on April 7, 1998. The album arguably features the most obscure musical artists featured in the series.

The set begins with a Merseybeat-flavored demo, "Nothing But You", by the Outcasts, cut when the group was still known as the Radiations. California produced the Stingrays, whose song "Something About You" emulates the beat music that was popularized in England. Another American group, the Mad Hatters, with their musical stance fixated on the Yardbirds, offer the tracks "Go Fight Alone" and the Dylanesque "A Pebble in My Sand". Texan band the Intruders make a dive into psychedelia on their Ell record label recordings "Temporary Insanity" and "The Lone Stranger". The Comets record an inspired rendition of the Rolling Stones' "The Last Time", sounding like an accomplished frat band, even though the members were under 15-years old. Other little-known bands that make an appearance on the album includes the Trees, the Englishmen, and the Mauraders.

## Track listing

1. The Outcasts: "Nothing but Love"
2. The Outcasts: "Something About You"
3. The Sting Rays: "I'm Back in Line"
4. The Sting Rays: "You're the Reason"
5. The Mad Hatters: "Go Fight Alone"
6. The Mad Hatters: "A Pebble in My Sand
7. The Intruders: "Temporary Insanity"
8. The Intruders: "The Lone Stranger"
9. The Comets: "The Last Time"
10. The Englishmen: "Summer Is Here"
11. The Englishmen: "96 Tears"
12. The Trees: "Do You Think About It Now (Feeling Groovy)"
13. The Trees: "The Only Life for Me"
14. The Shades: "Ginger Bread Man"
15. George Washington & the Cherry Stompers: "The Back Shelf of Your Mind"
16. Eddie Cunningham & the Lone Rangers: "Girl Don't Change Your Mind"
17. The Marsadees: "Wipe Out"
18. The Marsadees: "Lonely Sea"

## InfoBox

| Green Crystal Ties, Volume 10: 60s Garage Band Flashback | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album | |
| Released | April 7, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1960s |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 43:33 |
| Label | Collectables |
| chronology | |
| *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 9: The Great Lost Psychedelic Garage Bands*
(1998) ***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 10: 60s Garage Band Flashback***
(1998) | |


title: Mount Magalloway

abstract: Mount Magalloway is a mountain in the Great North Woods region of New Hampshire in the United States. With a summit elevation of 3,383 feet (1,031 m), it is one of the tallest peaks in Pittsburg, the state's northernmost community. From the observation tower at its summit, three states and the Canadian province of Quebec are visible. The mountain is climbable via a trail less than 1 mile (1.6 km) long that begins at the end of a logging road off Magalloway Road in eastern Pittsburg and ascends about 800 feet (240 m). The summit area includes a former watcher's cabin that is available for rent by the state.

text:
# Mount Magalloway

**Mount Magalloway** (or **Magalloway Mountain**) is a mountain in the Great North Woods region of New Hampshire in the United States. With a summit elevation of 3,383 feet (1,031 m), it is one of the tallest peaks in Pittsburg, the state's northernmost community. From the observation tower at its summit, three states and the Canadian province of Quebec are visible. The mountain is climbable via a trail less than 1 mile (1.6 km) long that begins at the end of a logging road off Magalloway Road in eastern Pittsburg and ascends about 800 feet (240 m). The summit area includes a former watcher's cabin that is available for rent by the state.

## InfoBox

| Mount Magalloway | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Magalloway from Magalloway Rd. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,383 ft (1,031 m) |
| Coordinates | 45°3′49″N 71°9′47″W / 45.06361°N 71.16306°W / 45.06361; -71.16306 |
| Geography | |
| Mount MagallowayPittsburg, Coös County, New Hampshire, U.S. | |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hike |


title: Mount Vernon–Enola High School

abstract: Mount Vernon–Enola High School (MVE) is a comprehensive six-year public high school in Mount Vernon, Arkansas, United States. It is one of six public high schools located in Faulkner County and is the sole high school administered by Mount Vernon–Enola School District serving grades 7 through 12.

text:
# Mount Vernon–Enola High School

**Mount Vernon–Enola High School** (**MVE**) is a comprehensive six-year public high school in Mount Vernon, Arkansas, United States. It is one of six public high schools located in Faulkner County and is the sole high school administered by Mount Vernon–Enola School District serving grades 7 through 12.

## History

In 1991, the Mount Vernon and Enola school districts consolidated to form the Mount Vernon–Enola School District. The Enola School became Mount Vernon/Enola Elementary, which serves kindergarten through sixth-grade students. Mount Vernon–Enola High School was originally constructed in 1937, with additions in 1973, 1983, and 1986.

## Academics

The assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum developed by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE), which requires students to complete at least 22 units prior to graduation. Students complete regular (core and career focus) classes and exams and may select Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams that may result in college credit. MVE High School is accredited by the ADE. Mount Vernon–Enola is a member of the Arch Ford Education Service Cooperative, which provides career and technical education programs.

## Athletics

The Mount Vernon–Enola mascot and athletic emblem is the *Warhawk* with blue and silver serving as its school colors.

The Mount Vernon–Enola Warhawks compete in the state's smallest classification—1A Classification administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. For 2012–14, the Warhawks competes in the 1A Region 5 North Conference. MVE provides teams in volleyball, golf (boys/girls), basketball (boys/girls), baseball, softball, and track and field (boys/girls).

## Notable people

The following are notable people associated with Mount Vernon–Enola High School or its predecessor schools. If the person was a Mount Vernon–Enola High School student, the number in parentheses indicates the year of graduation; if the person was a faculty or staff member, that person's title and years of association are included:

## InfoBox

| Mount Vernon–Enola High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 38 Garland Springs Road
Mount Vernon, Arkansas 72111
United States | |
| Coordinates | 35°13′34″N 92°7′54″W / 35.22611°N 92.13167°W / 35.22611; -92.13167 |
| Information | |
| School type | Comprehensive |
| School district | Mount Vernon–Enola School District |
| NCES District ID | 0510080 |
| CEEB code | 041780 |
| NCES School ID | 051008000739 |
| Teaching staff | 18.85 (on FTE basis) |
| Grades | 7–12 |
| Enrollment | 230 (2016–17) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 10.61 |
| Color(s) | Blue and silver
 |
| Athletics conference | 1A 5 North (2012–14) |
| Mascot | Warhawk |
| Team name | Mount Vernon–Enola Warhawks |
| Website | www.mvewarhawks.org/vnews/display.v/SEC/High%20School |


title: Mount Vesalius

abstract: Mount Vesalius is a mountain standing northwest of Macleod Point, Liege Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It surmounts Pleystor Glacier to the northwest. The peak was shown on an Argentine government chart of 1950, but was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Vesalius (1514–1564), a Flemish anatomist who wrote a pioneer work on the structure of the human body which revolutionized the whole concept of the subject.

text:
# Mount Vesalius

**Mount Vesalius** (64°4′S 61°59′W / 64.067°S 61.983°W / -64.067; -61.983) is a mountain (765 m) standing northwest of Macleod Point, Liege Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It surmounts Pleystor Glacier to the northwest.

The peak was shown on an Argentine government chart of 1950, but was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Vesalius (1514–1564), a Flemish anatomist who wrote a pioneer work on the structure of the human body which revolutionized the whole concept of the subject.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Vesalius". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Mount Versteeg

abstract: Mount Versteeg is a 13,471-foot-elevation (4,106-meter) mountain summit located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California. It is situated on the common border of Tulare County with Inyo County, as well as the shared boundary of Sequoia National Park and John Muir Wilderness. It is 15 miles (24 km) west-northwest of the community of Lone Pine, one mile (1.6 km) southeast of Mount Tyndall, one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Mount Williamson, and 0.68 mile northwest of Trojan Peak, the nearest higher neighbor. Mt. Versteeg ranks as the 66th highest peak in California. Topographic relief is significant as it rises approximately 950 feet above Lake Helen of Troy in approximately 0.2 mile.

text:
# Mount Versteeg

**Mount Versteeg** is a 13,471-foot-elevation (4,106-meter) mountain summit located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California. It is situated on the common border of Tulare County with Inyo County, as well as the shared boundary of Sequoia National Park and John Muir Wilderness. It is 15 miles (24 km) west-northwest of the community of Lone Pine, one mile (1.6 km) southeast of Mount Tyndall, one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Mount Williamson, and 0.68 mile northwest of Trojan Peak, the nearest higher neighbor. Mt. Versteeg ranks as the 66th highest peak in California. Topographic relief is significant as it rises approximately 950 feet (290 meters) above Lake Helen of Troy in approximately 0.2 mile.

## Etymology

The peak's name was officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1964 in memory of Chester Versteeg (1887–1963), lawyer, author, and prominent Sierra Club member who devoted much of his life to furthering interest in the Sierra Nevada. He is credited with 40 first ascents in the Sierra Nevada, such as Mount Tinemaha, Mount Goode, and Colosseum Mountain. As the first chairman the Sierra Club's Committee on Geographic Names, he was responsible for the naming of 250 geographical features in the Sierra Nevada, including Trojan Peak and Lake Helen of Troy, which he named for his alma mater, University of Southern California. The club's Angeles Chapter annually presents a Chester Versteeg Outings Award which is "for long-term and outstanding leadership in furthering the enjoyment and safety of the outings program."

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Mount Versteeg has an alpine climate. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range (orographic lift). Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains west to the Kern River, and east to Owens Valley.

Mountains portal

## InfoBox

| Mount Versteeg | |
| --- | --- |
| Northeast aspect, from Mt. Williamson | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 13,471 ft (4,106 m) |
| Prominence | 282 ft (86 m) |
| Parent peak | Trojan Peak (13,947 ft) |
| Isolation | 0.67 mi (1.08 km) |
| Listing | Mountain peaks of California |
| Coordinates | 36°38′52″N 118°19′32″W / 36.6477151°N 118.3256176°W / 36.6477151; -118.3256176 |
| Naming | |
| Etymology | Chester Versteeg |
| Geography | |
| Mount VersteegLocation in CaliforniaMount VersteegMount Versteeg (the United States) | |
| Location | Sequoia National Park
Tulare County / Inyo County
California, U.S. |
| Parent range | Sierra Nevada |
| Topo map | USGS *Mount Williamson* |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Cretaceous |
| Mountain type | Fault block |
| Type of rock | granitic |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | class 3 |


title: Mount Mangin (Antarctica)

abstract: Mount Mangin is a mountain, 2,040 metres (6,700 ft) high, standing 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of Mount Barre on Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for the noted French botanist Louis A. Mangin.

text:
# Mount Mangin (Antarctica)

**Mount Mangin** is a mountain, 2,040 metres (6,700 ft) high, standing 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of Mount Barre on Adelaide Island, Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for the noted French botanist Louis A. Mangin.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Mangin". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

67°25′S 68°26′W / 67.417°S 68.433°W / -67.417; -68.433


title: Vanja Stanković

abstract: Vanja Stanković is a Serbian taekwondo practitioner. She won a gold medal in the women's flyweight event at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships. Born in Belgrade and a member of TK Galeb, she also won gold medals at the European U21 Taekwondo Championships in Bulgaria and the Belgian Open in the months preceding her win at the world championships. In 2019, she won the US Open G2 category event in Las Vegas. Stanković won a bronze medal at the 2018 Mediterranean Games and also competed in the women's 49 kg event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria. She won her first match and was then eliminated by eventual gold medalist Merve Dinçel of Turkey.

text:
# Vanja Stanković

**Vanja Stanković** (Serbian Cyrillic: Вања Станковић; born 24 March 1998) is a Serbian taekwondo practitioner. She won a gold medal in the women's flyweight event at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships.

Born in Belgrade and a member of TK Galeb, she also won gold medals at the European U21 Taekwondo Championships in Bulgaria and the Belgian Open in the months preceding her win at the world championships. In 2019, she won the US Open G2 category event in Las Vegas.

Stanković won a bronze medal at the 2018 Mediterranean Games and also competed in the women's 49 kg event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria. She won her first match and was then eliminated by eventual gold medalist Merve Dinçel of Turkey.

## InfoBox

Vanja Stanković
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 24 March 1998 (1998-03-24) (age 26)<br>Belgrade, Serbia, FR Yugoslavia |
| Sport | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Sport | Taekwondo |
| Event | Flyweight |
| Club | Taekwondo Club Galeb |
| Medal record      World Championships  2017 Muju Flyweight  Mediterranean Games  2018 Tarragona 49 kg  Grand Slam  2017 Wuxi 49 kg  European U21 Championships  2017 Sofia 49 kg | |


title: Move Me (Nazareth album)

abstract: Move Me is the nineteenth studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in 1994. The sonic retooling of Nazareth continued with Billy Rankin standing his ground, taking on more songwriting responsibilities. Of the eleven tracks on the Move Me, eight are credited solely to Rankin, who also received co-writing credits on three others. Returning to CAS Studios in Shuren, Germany, Nazareth teamed up with Tony Taverner to handle the production.

text:
# Move Me (Nazareth album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Move Me*** is the nineteenth studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in 1994.

The sonic retooling of Nazareth continued with Billy Rankin standing his ground, taking on more songwriting responsibilities. Of the eleven tracks on the *Move Me*, eight are credited solely to Rankin, who also received co-writing credits on three others. Returning to CAS Studios in Shuren, Germany, Nazareth teamed up with Tony Taverner to handle the production.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Billy Rankin unless otherwise noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Let Me Be Your Dog" |  | 4:36 |
| 2. | "Can't Shake Those Shakes" | Billy Rankin, Mick Paul | 3:22 |
| 3. | "Crack Me Up" |  | 3:42 |
| 4. | "Move Me" |  | 3:45 |
| 5. | "Steamroller" | Pete Agnew, Rankin, Dan McCafferty | 4:28 |
| 6. | "Stand By Your Beds" | Agnew, Rankin, Thom Hardwell | 4:13 |
| 7. | "Rip It Up" |  | 3:34 |
| 8. | "Demon Alcohol" |  | 2:58 |
| 9. | "You Had It Comin'" |  | 4:39 |
| 10. | "Bring It On Home to Mama" |  | 4:00 |
| 11. | "Burning Down" |  | 4:45 |

### Bonus Tracks (The Unplugged Versions)

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Razamanaz" | Agnew, Charlton, McCafferty, Sweet | 4:34 |
| 13. | "My White Bicycle" (Tomorrow cover) | Ken Burgess, Keith Hopkins | 2:56 |
| 14. | "This Flight Tonight" (Joni Mitchell cover) | Joni Mitchell | 4:00 |

### 1997 Castle Communications bonus tracks

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Love Hurts" (The Everly Brothers cover; rock orchestra version) | Boudleaux Bryant | 4:06 |
| 13. | "Razamanaz" (unplugged) | Agnew, Charlton, McCafferty, Sweet | 4:34 |
| 14. | "My White Bicycle" (Tomorrow cover; unplugged) | Burgess, Hopkins | 2:56 |
| 15. | "This Flight Tonight" (Joni Mitchell cover; unplugged) | Joni Mitchell | 4:00 |

### 2002 30th Anniversary bonus tracks

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "Let Me Be Your Dog" (edited version) |  | 5:32 |
| 17. | "Can't Shake Those Shakes" (edited version) | Billy Rankin, Mick Paul | 2:53 |
| 18. | "Move Me" (edited version) |  | 3:35 |

### 2011 Salvo and 2014 vinyl bonus track

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "Love Hurts" (The Everly Brothers cover; instrumental orchestra version) | Boudleaux Bryant | 4:08 |

* The 2011 remastered CD release of Move Me was paired with Boogaloo

## Personnel

### Band members

* Dan McCafferty \- vocals
* Billy Rankin \- guitars
* Pete Agnew - bass guitar
* Darrell Sweet - drums
* Produced by Tony Taverner and Nazareth

## Charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 36 |

## InfoBox

| Move Me | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nazareth | |
| Released | 17 October 1994 |
| Studio | at C.A.S. Studios Schuren, Germany |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 44:30 |
| Label | Polydor |
| Producer | Tony Taventer, Nazareth |
| Nazareth chronology | |
| *From the Vaults*
(1993) ***Move Me***
(1994) *Boogaloo*
(1998) | |


title: Verdadism

abstract: Verdadism is the word created by artist, designer and writer, Soraida Martinez, to describe her art. The word is a combination of the Spanish word for truth (Verdad) and the English suffix for theory (ism). This contemporary art style, created in 1992, juxtaposes figurative abstract paintings with written social commentaries. The technique used is mixed media, with oil or acrylic on canvas paintings with written social commentaries. The commentaries are based on the artist's personal life experiences or observations and address issues affecting American society from the late 20th century to the present. Racism, sexism, stereotyping, abortion, feminism, alienation, ethnocentrism and relationships are common themes.

text:
# Verdadism

**Verdadism** is the word created by artist, designer and writer, Soraida Martinez, to describe her art. The word is a combination of the Spanish word for truth (Verdad) and the English suffix for theory (ism). This contemporary art style, created in 1992, juxtaposes figurative abstract paintings with written social commentaries. The technique used is mixed media, with oil or acrylic on canvas paintings with written social commentaries. The commentaries are based on the artist's personal life experiences or observations and address issues affecting American society from the late 20th century to the present. Racism, sexism, stereotyping, abortion, feminism, alienation, ethnocentrism and relationships are common themes.

## Soraida Martinez

An American artist of Puerto Rican heritage, Soraida Martinez was born in 1956 in Harlem, New York City to Puerto Rican parents who came to the United States during the Puerto Rican migration to New York City starting in the 1950s. The civil rights movement, feminism and the social upheavals of the late 1960s to early 1970s were instrumental in shaping the artist's socially conscious philosophy. The first Verdadism exhibition, Soraida's Verdadism: The Intellectual Voice of A Puerto Rican Woman on Canvas; Unique, Controversial Images and Style, was held in 1994 at the Walt Whitman Cultural Arts Center in Camden, New Jersey \- considered one of the poorest cities in the U.S., with one of the highest crime rates.

## Elements of Verdadism

Verdadism consists of two distinct, integral, parts: the visual component and the written commentary. The visual style was influenced by American Abstract Expressionism, Fauvist principles, elements of Surrealism and West African sculpture. The visual components include purposeful simplification of form and structure, broad areas of flat, primary colors and geometric shapes, and abstract human figures with blocks for hands or elongated shapes for bodies. The artist's written commentaries are influenced by the tenets of Existentialist philosophy. The social commentaries are influenced by the principles of civil rights and human rights in the US, including the Feminist Movement and the social political activism of the Young Lords. These social commentaries contribute to an understanding of the Verdadism painting by describing the emotions, situations, and experiences that became the impetus for creating the work-of-art. The written commentary is an essential aspect of Verdadism and denotes a literary expression of the artist's feelings towards a particular subject matter.

## Purpose

The primary purpose behind the paintings is to precipitate social change, to promote an understanding of humanity and to teach tolerance and the self-empowerment of the individual. In Verdadism, the intent of the artist is to make a personal connection with the viewer through the act of involving the viewer in an actual experience in the artist's life. The viewer is encouraged to acknowledge the universality of human nature and the artist invites the viewer to open their mind to the concept that we are all human beings with shared common experiences.

## Sources

* *Leading Ladies: Mujeres En La Literatura Hispana Y En Las Artes by Yvonne Fuentes, Margaret Parker* \- Published 2006 Louisiana State Press. ISBN 0-8071-3082-6
* *Encyclopedia Latina: History, Culture, and Society in the United States by Ilan Stavans, Harold Augenbra* \- Published Grolier Academic Reference. ISBN 0-7172-5815-7
* *Social Work with Latinos: A Cultural Assets Paradigm by Melvin Delgado* \- Published 2006 Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-530118-8
* *Adiós, Borinquen Querida: La diáspora puertorriqueña, su historia y sus aportaciones ("ADIOS, BORINQUEN QUERIDA": THE PUERTO RICAN DIASPORA, ITS HISTORY, AND CONTRIBUTIONS") by Edna Acosta-Belén* \- Published 2000 CELAC. ISBN 0-615-11204-8


title: Vazhapadi taluk

abstract: Vazhapadi taluk is one of the thirteen taluks of Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Vazhapadi.

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# Vazhapadi taluk

**Vazhapadi taluk** is one of the thirteen taluks of Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Vazhapadi.

## Administration

Vazhapadi taluk is divided into two revenue blocks, Valapady block and Ayothiapattinam block. Valapady block is composed of the eastern half of the taluk and parts of Peddanayakkan Palayam taluk, while Ayothiapattinam block includes the western half of the taluk and some parts of Salem taluk.

### Towns

There are three town panchayats and one census town in Vazhapadi taluk. Masinaickenpatti is the only census town, while Ayothiapattinam, Belur, and Vazhapadi are the three town panchayats.

## Geography

Vazhapadi taluk is in the central part of Salem district, and is bordered by Dharmapuri district to the north, Peddanayakkan Palayam taluk to the east, Namakkal district to the south, and Salem taluk to the west. A singular railway line runs east–west in the central part of the taluk, running through Ayothiapattinam and Vazhapadi. National Highway 79 also runs through the district and follows a similar course. There are several reserve forests in the taluk, concentrated mainly in the north, in the Kalrayan Hills. Rivers in the taluk include the Anaimuduvu River, the Periyar River, and its tributary, the Singipuram River.

## Demographics

In 2011, Vazhapadi taluk had a population of 195,415 people. 98,674 (50.49%) of the inhabitants were male, while 96,741 (49.51%) were female. 18,795 children in the taluk were at or below the age of 6, of which 9,723 (51.7%) were male and 9,072 (48.3%) were female. This age group made up about 9.6% of the population. 66.4% of the population was literate.

## InfoBox

| Vazhapadi taluk | |
| --- | --- |
| Taluk in Salem district | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Region | Kongu Nadu |
| District | Salem |
| Headquarters | Vazhapadi |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 195,415 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Great Britain Ltd

abstract: Great Britain Ltd is a British nation-simulation game originally released in 1982 for the BBC Micro and ZX Spectrum. The game was written and published by Simon W Hessel. The game provides a simple government simulation, allowing the player to manage the British economy and compete in elections every 5 years. The player takes on the role of leader of one of the major parties, managing variables such as tax rates and welfare payments, which each year results in changes to key economic indicators such as inflation and unemployment. These changes also impact the player's popularity, making it easier or harder to win subsequent elections. After winning an election, the player is allowed another 5 years to manage the economy before another election is held.

text:
# Great Britain Ltd

***Great Britain Ltd*** (also known as ***GBLtd***) is a British nation-simulation game originally released in 1982 for the BBC Micro and ZX Spectrum. The game was written and published by Simon W Hessel.

The game provides a simple government simulation, allowing the player to manage the British economy and compete in elections every 5 years. The player takes on the role of leader of one of the major parties, managing variables such as tax rates and welfare payments, which each year results in changes to key economic indicators such as inflation and unemployment.

These changes also impact the player's popularity, making it easier or harder to win subsequent elections. After winning an election, the player is allowed another 5 years to manage the economy before another election is held.

## InfoBox

| Great Britain Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Publisher(s) | Simon Hessel |
| Designer(s) | Simon Hessel |
| Platform(s) | ZX Spectrum, BBC Micro |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Government simulation |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Vermin Club

abstract: The Vermin Club was an organisation of grassroots Conservative Party supporters in Britain in the late 1940s. On the evening of 4 July 1948, Aneurin Bevan, the Labour Government's Minister of Health, addressed the annual Labour rally for the North of England at Belle Vue, Manchester, and described Conservatives as "lower than vermin". Young Tories, disregarding the "lower than" part, took on the description with ironic self-deprecation and set up the Vermin Club. Members took to wearing vermin badges. A whole hierarchy was established, so that those who recruited ten new party members wore badges identifying them as vile vermin; those who recruited twenty five were very vile vermin. Margaret Thatcher was an early member of the group and rose through the ranks to become a "Chief Rat". The club boasted a membership of between 105,000 and 120,000 at its height.

text:
# Vermin Club

**The Vermin Club** was an organisation of grassroots Conservative Party supporters in Britain in the late 1940s.

On the evening of 4 July 1948, Aneurin Bevan, the Labour Government's Minister of Health, addressed the annual Labour rally for the North of England at Belle Vue, Manchester, and described Conservatives as "lower than vermin". Young Tories, disregarding the "lower than" part, took on the description with ironic self-deprecation and set up the Vermin Club.

Members took to wearing *vermin* badges (a chrome badge featuring a rat and the word VERMIN). A whole hierarchy was established, so that those who recruited ten new party members wore badges identifying them as *vile vermin*; those who recruited twenty five were *very vile vermin*. Margaret Thatcher was an early member of the group and rose through the ranks to become a "Chief Rat". The club boasted a membership of between 105,000 and 120,000 at its height.


title: Varichikudy

abstract: Varichikudy is a revenue village in the Karaikal taluk of Karaikal District in the union territory of Puducherry in India. It is situated at a distance of about 6 kilometres north of Karaikal town.

text:
# Varichikudy

**Varichikudy** is a revenue village in the Karaikal taluk of Karaikal District in the union territory of Puducherry in India. It is situated at a distance of about 6 kilometres north of Karaikal town.

* "Karaikal District - Revenue Administration". Karaikal District. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

## InfoBox

| Varichikudy Varitchigoudy | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Varchikudy pond | |
| VarichikudyLocation in Karaikal District | |
| Coordinates: 10°58′39″N 79°49′17″E / 10.9775°N 79.8214°E / 10.9775; 79.8214 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Puducherry |
| District | Karaikal |
| Talukas | Karaikal |
| Languages | |
| Official | French, Tamil, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Greenest City 2020 Action Plan

abstract: The Greenest City 2020 Action Plan (GCAP) is an urban sustainability initiative for Vancouver. Its primary mission is to ensure that Vancouver becomes the greenest city in the world by the year 2020. The GCAP originated based on the 2009 work of the Greenest City Action Team, a committee co-chaired by Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson. The GCAP was approved by Vancouver city council in July 2011. The GCAP consists of 10 primary goals that focus on 3 primary topics: carbon, waste, and ecosystems. Within each of the 10 goals, the plan establishes measurable targets and offers baseline data against which to compare those targets. It offers ‘highest priority actions’ and broader ‘key strategies’ to achieve the targets it sets out.

text:
# Greenest City 2020 Action Plan

The **Greenest City 2020 Action Plan** (GCAP) is an urban sustainability initiative for Vancouver. Its primary mission is to ensure that Vancouver becomes the greenest city in the world by the year 2020. The GCAP originated based on the 2009 work of the Greenest City Action Team, a committee co-chaired by Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson. The GCAP was approved by Vancouver city council in July 2011.

The GCAP consists of 10 primary goals that focus on 3 primary topics: carbon, waste, and ecosystems. Within each of the 10 goals, the plan establishes measurable targets and offers baseline data against which to compare those targets. It offers ‘highest priority actions’ and broader ‘key strategies’ to achieve the targets it sets out.

## Goals

The GCAP outlines the following 10 discrete goals:

* Green economy: double the number of green jobs and businesses with green operations
* Climate leadership: require all new buildings built after 2020 to be carbon neutral
* Green buildings: reduce CO2 emissions in existing buildings by 20% over 2007 levels
* Green transportation: reduce driving and make the majority of trips by foot, bicycle, and public transit traffic
* Zero waste: reduce solid waste going to landfills to 50% of 2008 levels
* Access to nature: increase accessibility of green parks, greenways, and other green space, so that all Vancouver residents live within 5 minutes of these spaces
* Lighter footprint: reduce Vancouver's ecological footprint by 33% over 2006 levels
* Clean water: increase water quality and reduce water consumption per capita by 33% from 2006 levels
* Clean air: increase air quality, measured against Metro Vancouver and World Health Organization guidelines
* Local food: increase amount of locally grown food

## Current status

There have been many steps taken to reduce waste and recycle more in the city. Out of all the priority actions, 80% have already been completed. Many “beaches, shorelines and waterfronts throughout Vancouver” have been cleaned up and restored. “Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) have been reduced by 7% across the city” which is an 18% decrease per capita since 2007. Newly constructed buildings are now using 50% less energy than those built elsewhere in the province. Cycling and walking networks within the city have been expanded, with the addition of a 28 kilometer cycling path (the Vancouver Seawall) along the ocean.

Additionally, two million dollars have been funded to community-led projects for a greener Vancouver. The City of Vancouver also “opposed the Kinder Morgan pipeline, \[to prevent\] a sevenfold increase in oil tanker traffic in Vancouver’s harbor”, which would put the shoreline and climate at risk. Further, “the creation of a new coal export terminal on the Fraser River” was opposed by the city, which banned any future coal facilities from being built in Vancouver to protect residents from toxic dust and the planet from rapid climate change.

Currently, “about 76% of the waste created through the construction of new buildings or the demolition of old ones is recycled or in the case of wood, used for energy”; however, this is still far from “zero waste”. By fostering a closed-loop economy, which means using material like metal, wood and other materials in “a single direction”, they still need to be replaced with materials that can be reused for other purposes.

Establishing Neighbourhood Food Networks (NFNs) is another way that the city is working towards sustainable food consumption systems. Since the GCAP's implementation, there have been five grants that have funded NFNs in the City of Vancouver. The Greenest City Neighbourhood Grants program of 2010 and Social Responsibility Fund of 2011 are a few examples of funding that has been provided for projects on a variety of green initiatives such as gardening, workshops, and community kitchens.

In November 2013, cigarette recycling bins were placed around the city, becoming the first city to do so. The city claimed that cigarettes were the most littered item in the city as the reason for the rollout, as part of the Greenest City action plan. The collected items are sent to TerraCycle for recycling.

## Reception

### Public input

In 2015, Vancouver sought input from the general public on the initiative. Some respondents emphasized that the action plan is not enough and that “we need to do more to protect what we have rather than react to what we’ve lost.” Thus, having an active and proactive approach is emphasized rather than a reactive approach. Former city councillor Fred Bass commented that to “save our ecosystems, we need to be heroic \[as\] we’re facing a real ecological emergency.” The public's main concern is that they want to see measurable and concrete results instead of objectives such as to “secure critical and sensitive habitats and environmental corridors”. The public wants to know how these objectives are being implemented and if they are being achieved. There needs to be doable actions and specific measures taken towards each goal without more development projects that would have adverse results of hurting the environment. Unfortunately, the original plan completely ignored the First Nations whose lands Vancouver is on, excluding the deep knowledge and rights of the Musqueam, Squamish, and Tsleil-Waututh people who have thousands of years of living sustainably in their territories. As such, the action plan does not address issues like colonization and leaves out vital Indigenous ecological knowledge.

### Support

Support for the initiative has come in the form of international recognition. In 2015, Vancouver won a C40 Cities award, given in recognition of cities that demonstrate world-leading sustainability initiatives. Vancouver was recognized as the third greenest city in the world according to the 2016 Global Green Economy Index, behind only Copenhagen and Stockholm.

1. "Greenest City 2020 Action Plan – the City's Sustainability Plan" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2014.
2. "Greenest City Action Plan. Part II" (PDF).
3. Coxworth, Ben (14 November 2013). "City of Vancouver launches cigarette butt recycling program". *New Atlas*. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
4. "Critics skeptical of Metro Vancouver's ecological health action plan". *Georgia Straight Vancouver's News & Entertainment Weekly*. 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
5. Vancouver, City of (2015-12-03). "Vancouver wins C40 Cities Award for Greenest City Action Plan at COP21 in Paris". *vancouver.ca*. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
6. "2016 Global Green Economy Index" Archived 2016-10-03 at the Wayback Machine (PDF). Dual Citizen LLC. Retrieved 14 November 2017.


title: Velek

abstract: Velek was a 13th-century dux in the Kingdom of Hungary. His name appears only in a single royal charter of King Andrew II of Hungary in 1225. Because of his unusual title in contemporary Hungary, his person is the subject of historiographical debates.

text:
# Velek

**Velek** (also **Welek**; fl.1225) was a 13th-century *dux* in the Kingdom of Hungary. His name appears only in a single royal charter of King Andrew II of Hungary in 1225. Because of his unusual title in contemporary Hungary, his person is the subject of historiographical debates.

## Sources

In 1225, *ispán* Bors, the son of Dominic Miskolc, requested "his relative" King Andrew II to confirm the former donations to the Cistercian monastery in Klostermarienberg (today part of Mannersdorf an der Rabnitz, Austria), established by Dominic decades earlier. According to the royal charter, Bors married an unidentified daughter of *dux* Velek. Only the initial ("A") of her name are known. She compiled her last will and testament in 1231, which mentions her sister Margaret, spouse of a certain Ban Stephen.

The anonymous author of the *Gesta Hungarorum* wrote his work around the same time, most plausibly, in the first decades of the 13th century. In his chronicle, a certain Velek (*Velec*, *Veluc*, *Velequius*) appears as a prominent and valiant warrior, who actively took part in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (late 9th century) in the region Tiszántúl, alongside Ősbő, when they defeated local ruler Menumorut. The author refers to "Velek, from whose progeny Bishop Torda is descended. These were most noble by birth, like the others that came from the Scythian land and who had followed Prince Álmos with a great host of peoples".

## Interpretations

Modern historiography attempted to connect the person of *dux* Velek, lived at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, with the *Gesta Hungarorum'*s fictional character with the same name. Linguist Dezső Pais derived the name Velek from Turkic verb *bäl* or *bil* ("know"). In contrast, linguist Elemér Moór considered the name of Slavic origin (Velislav -\> Velík -\> Velek). Katalin Fehértói also argued in favor of Slavic origin (Vlk \["wolf"\] –\> Velek).

Historian Károly Sólyom considered that Velek plausibly married a wealthy Greek woman, who arrived to Hungary in 1172 as a lady-in-waiting of Anne of Antioch, the first wife of Béla III of Hungary. The historian compiled this theory based on the last will and testament of Velek's daughter, who bequeathed several Byzantine-origin assets which had belonged to her mother prior to that. Sólyom argued her name could have been Anne. Sólyom identified the author of the *Gesta Hungarorum* with Peter, Bishop of Győr, who, he claimed, was the son of Velek. Based on the *Gesta Hungarorum*, Sólyom argued that Velek was a prominent landowner in Zaránd County. According to Dezső Pais and Károly Sólyom, the settlement Elek, which was named after him, functioned as the centre of his estates. His lands presumably laid along the Fehér-Körös (or Crișul Alb), where Anonymus depicted the campaigns led by captain Velek during the Hungarian conquest. It is possible that the village Veleg in Fejér County also took its name after its lord Velek. Reversing the logic, linguist Loránd Benkő considered that Anonymus created the name of captain Velek from one place name or another, and apart from that, there is no connection between the captain and the *dux*. Sólyom even attempted to identify *dux* Velek with Alexius, a former Ban of Slavonia, but this is clearly a wrong theory for chronological reasons.

In the work of Anonymus, the activities of captains Velek and Ősbő are narrated through seven chapters, they practically become the epic heroes of the story. Literary historian János Horváth, Jr. therefore assumed that the author of the *gesta* came from this region (Tiszántúl and Northern Transylvania) and was also genealogically connected to these two persons. Horváth identified the author with that bishop Torda, who descended from captain Velek, according to the *Gesta Hungarorum*. According to the scholar, Torda was the pagan name of Peter, Bishop of Győr. Accordingly, Peter came from the lineage of chieftain Velek, who had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and, as a result of Peter's intention, is a recurring character in the *Gesta Hungarorum*. It is plausible that this Peter (Torda) was the son of *dux* Velek. Horváth considered that his title of *dux* derives from his earlier position as ban or governor of Slavonia.

Linguist Katalin Fehértói identified Velek with a certain Vilc (or Wilc), who name appears in the *Regestrum Varadinense* in 1221. This Vilc is mentioned as the *ius patron* of the monastery of Torda in Békés County (located near present-day Szeghalom). Vilc and his relative Peter filed a lawsuit against the serfs of Apáti. Fehértói considered this Vilc is identical with Velek and Anonymus' line regarding "bishop Torda" in fact refers to the monastery itself. Presumably, the aforementioned Peter is identical with the author of the *Gesta Hungarorum*. Fehértói argued Velek (Vilc) perhaps led a diplomatic mission to the Byzantine court during the reign of Béla III, and his relative Peter (i.e. Anonymus) belonged to his entourage, which explains the author's knowledge of the Greek language. György Györffy expressed his doubts, arguing that it is not easy to believe that an aristocrat of such an exceptional rank would be mentioned in the court record by omitting his ducal title. Instead, he argued that captain Velek's distinguished role in the *gesta* does not necessarily mean that the unidentified author was his descendant. According to him, it is just that the author held his contemporary, *dux* Velek, in high esteem, and it is quite possible that captain Velek is depicted in the story in a role that the namesake contemporary actually played in the court of King Béla III (royal legations, marriage proposals etc.).

György Rácz considered that Anonymus may have obtained the information concerning the campaigns of Ősbő and Velek from the latter's descendant *dux* Velek. Rácz argued the duke had no extended relatives nor large-scale landholdings in Zaránd County by the time of the writing. It is possible that the estate Elek was possessed by bishop Torda during that time. It is plausible that the lineage of Velek became extinct by the mid-13th century. At the beginning of the 13th century, lords who did not have extensive relatives were not given a *genus* name in contemporary royal charters.

According to Tamás Kádár, Velek, who lived around 1200, was possibly a descendant of the late 9th-century captain of the same name, or at least he knew and proclaimed himself as such, and it is possible that there was even a former clan bearing the name Velek – after his name or in honor of him – but it can certainly be ruled out that the ducal title of Velek would have had any connection with his supposed or real ancestry. Regarding his title of *dux*, Kádár considered that Velek was of foreign (Bohemian or Moravian) origin, who settled in Hungary, in the accompaniment of the Moravian lord Mercurius. Maybe Velek is identical with that Velislav (Velík), who is mentioned among the testimonies by a royal charter of Ottokar I of Bohemia in 1199. In this case, there is only a name identity with captain Velek, a protagonist of Anonymus' *Gesta Hungarorum*. Péter Juhász, in contrast, considered that Velek (Velik) was of Serbian origin, and he arrived to Hungary as a member of the entourage of Beloš in the early 1160s. He later became *ispán* of Zaránd County. His title reflects that he was perhaps the son or other relative of Beloš, and Velek's son-in-law Bors Miskolc was referred to as "relative" of Andrew II in 1225 due to his marriage with Velek's daughter. Namely, Beloš was the maternal uncle of Béla III.

## Sources

### Primary sources

* *Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians* (Edited, Translated and Annotated by Martyn Rady and László Veszprémy) (2010). In: Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010); *Anonymus and Master Roger*; CEU Press; ISBN 978-963-9776-95-1.

### Secondary studies

* Fehértói, Katalin (1993). "Kísérlet Velek, Torda püspök és Anonymus új megközelítésére \[*An Attempt at a New Approach to Velek, Bishop Torda and Anonymus*\]". *Magyar Nyelv* (in Hungarian). **89** (3). Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság: 319–328. ISSN 0025-0228.
* Horváth, János (1966a). "P. mester és műve (Első közlemény) \[*Master P. and His Work (First Part)*\]". *Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények* (in Hungarian). **70** (1–2): 1–53. ISSN 0021-1486.
* Horváth, János (1966b). "P. mester és műve (Második közlemény) \[*Master P. and His Work (Second Part)*\]". *Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények* (in Hungarian). **70** (3–4): 261–282. ISSN 0021-1486.
* Juhász, Péter (2019). *Anonymus: fikció és realitás. Az Álmos-ág honfoglalása* \[Anonymus: Fiction and Reality. The Landtaking of the Álmos Branch\] (in Hungarian). Belvedere Meridionale. ISBN 978-615-5372-96-4.
* Kádár, Tamás (2018). "Az uralkodóházzal vérrokoni kapcsolatban nem álló előkelők hercegi titulusa és címhasználata a kora középkori Magyarországon \[*Ducal Title and Title Use of Nobles not related to the Royal Dynasty in Early Medieval Hungary*\]". *Turul* (in Hungarian). **91** (4). Magyar Heraldikai és Genealógiai Társaság: 121–131. ISSN 1216-7258.
* Rácz, György (2014). "Anonymus Velek kapitánya. Településtörténet és krónikakutatás \[*Anonymus' Captain Velek. Settlement History and Chronicle Research*\]". In Bárány, Attila; Dreska, Gábor; Szovák, Kornél (eds.). *Arcana tabularii. Tanulmányok Solymosi László tiszteletére* (in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; Debreceni Egyetem; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kara; Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem. pp. 743–756. ISBN 978-963-4737-59-9.
* Sólyom, Károly (1966). "Új szempontok az Anonymus-probléma megoldásához \[*New Considerations for Solving the "Anonymus Problem"*\]". *Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények* (in Hungarian). **70** (1–2): 54–84. ISSN 0021-1486.
* Thoroczkay, Gábor (2009). *Írások az Árpád-korról: Történeti és historiográfiai tanulmányok* \[On the Age of the Árpáds: Historical and Historiographic Studies\] (in Hungarian). L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-963-236-165-9.

## InfoBox

| Velek | |
| --- | --- |
| *Dux* | |
| Died | after 1225 |
| Spouse(s) | a Greek woman (?) |
| Issue | a daughter (Anne?)
Margaret
Torda (?) |


title: Venkiryal

abstract: Venkiryal is a village in Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It falls under Bibinagar mandal.

text:
# Venkiryal

**Venkiryal** is a village in Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It falls under Bibinagar mandal.

17°02′N 78°03′E / 17.033°N 78.050°E / 17.033; 78.050

## InfoBox

| Venkiryal | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Vermont Miss Basketball

abstract: The Vermont Miss Basketball honor recognizes the top girls high school basketball player in the state of Vermont. The award is presented annually by the Burlington Free Press, since 1991.

text:
# Vermont Miss Basketball

The **Vermont Miss Basketball** honor recognizes the top girls high school basketball player in the state of Vermont. The award is presented annually by the Burlington Free Press, since 1991.

## Award winners

| Year | Player | High School | Class | College |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2024 | Elise Berger | CVU | Senior | Bard College (baseball) |
| 2023 | Addi Hunter | CVU | Senior | Connecticut College |
| 2022 | Paige Winter | Essex | Senior | Western New England |
| 2021 | Catherine Gilwee | CVU | Senior | Vermont |
| 2020 | Olivia Rockwood | Windsor | Senior | Maine |
| 2019 | Sadie Stetson | St. Johnsbury | Senior | American |
| 2018 | Sadie Stetson | St. Johnsbury | Junior |  |
| 2017 | Sadie Stetson | St. Johnsbury | Sophomore |  |
| 2016 | Sadie Otley | CVU | Senior | Tufts |
| 2015 | Laurel Jaunich | CVU | Junior | Navy |
| 2014 | Emily Kinneston | CVU | Senior | American |
| 2013 | Emily Kinneston | CVU | Junior |  |
| 2012 | Abby Iannotti | Mt. Anthony | Senior | Holy Family |
| 2011 | Reagan Jewell | Rice | Senior | Holy Family |
| 2010 | Abbey Lalime | Lake Region | Senior | UMass/Stonehill |
| 2009 | Tiffany Johnson | BFA-St. Albans | Senior | Franklin Pierce |
| 2008 | Alyssa Herrington | Mt. Anthony | Senior | Manhattan |
| 2007 | Kelli Hier | Rice | Senior | Vermont |
| 2006 | Alissa Sheftic | Essex | Senior | Vermont |
| 2005 | Corey Rusin | Twin Valley | Senior | Boston College |
| 2004 | Corey Rusin | Twin Valley | Junior |  |
| 2003 | Dani Rayner/Jevy Rayner | Bellows Falls | Seniors | St. Michael's/St. Michael's |
| 2002 | Courtney Ludwig | Mt. Anthony | Senior | Saint Rose |
| 2001 | Sharmion Selman | Burlington | Senior | American International |
| 2000 | Morgan Valley | Rice | Senior | Connecticut |
| 1999 | Morgan Valley | Rice | Junior |  |
| 1998 | Libby Smith | Essex | Senior | Vermont |
| 1997 | Rachel Bryan | Mount Abraham | Senior | Vermont |
| 1996 | Jasmyn Huntington | Oxbow | Senior | Nevada/North Carolina |
| 1995 | Jasmyn Huntington | Oxbow | Junior |  |
| 1994 | Kathy Ardell | Essex | Senior | Vermont |
| 1993 | Carrie Smith | Oxbow | Senior | Maine |
| 1992 | Sarah Schreib | Essex | Senior | James Madison |
| 1991 | Carrie Lapine | Essex | Senior | Vermont |
|

### Schools with winners

| School | Number of Awards | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CVU | 7 | 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2021, 2023, 2024 |
| Essex | 6 | 1991, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2006, 2022 |
| Rice | 4 | 1999, 2000, 2007, 2011 |
| Mount Anthony | 3 | 2002, 2008, 2012 |
| Oxbow | 3 | 1993, 1995, 1996 |
| St. Johnsbury | 3 | 2017, 2018, 2019 |
| Bellows Falls | 2 | 2003 |
| Twin Valley | 2 | 2004, 2005 |
| Burlington | 1 | 2001 |
| Lake Region | 1 | 2010 |
| Mount Abraham | 1 | 1997 |
| Windsor | 1 | 2020 |