title: Kylie Belling

abstract: Kylie Belling is an Australian stage, film and television actress and voice artist, who has also worked in other occupations. As of 2019 she works as Senior Manager, First Peoples, for Creative Victoria.

text:
# Kylie Belling

**Kylie Belling** (born 22 November 1964) is an Australian stage, film and television actress and voice artist, who has also worked in other occupations. As of 2019 she works as Senior Manager, First Peoples, for *Creative Victoria*.

## Biography

Belling was born in Melbourne and is of Yorta Yorta/Wiradjuri/South Sea Islander heritage. She graduated from the University of Melbourne Victorian College of the Arts in 1985. She qualified as a secondary school teacher, later becoming a Master of Public Health. In 2017 she completed the Williamson Community Leadership Program. She has been active in Aboriginal community affairs in Victoria, working in various sectors for many statewide community and government organisations.

Belling is known for her television work. She played inmate Sarah West in *Prisoner* and was also an original cast member of *The Flying Doctors* as Sharon Herbert. Belling had an ongoing role in the series *The Genie from Down Under*, and in *Redfern Now* as Patricia.

In film, she was nominated for an AFI Award for Best Supporting Actress for *The Fringe Dwellers* in 1986. She is also known for her role in the 2012 movie *The Sapphires* as Geraldine.

Belling was also the first actress to play Ruby in the Indigenous Australian play *Stolen* in 1998, a role she reprised in 2000 and 2003, in several performances across Australia and internationally. She also played many other stage roles between 1985 and 2008.

She co-founded the Ilbijerri Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Theatre Cooperative in Melbourne in about 1991, also performing the role of artistic director.

## Recognition

She has won a Deadly Award, a Koorie Women Mean Business Arts Award, and a Sydney Myer Performing Arts Indigenous Award.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | *The Fringe Dwellers* | Noonah Comeaway |  |
| 1987 | *Ground Zero* | Receptionist |  |
| 1988 | *Damned Whores and Evil Bitches* | (voice) |  |
| 1991 | *Until the End of the World* | Lydia |  |
| 1999 | *Harry's War* | Maude Green | Short film |
| 2012 | *The Sapphires* | Geraldine |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | *The Flying Doctors* | Sharon Herbert | 22 episodes |
| 1986 | *Prisoner* | Sarah West | 11 episodes |
| 1988 | *The Gerry Connolly* | Parliament House Protestor | Episode: "Episode #1.5" |
| 1989 | *Naked Under Capricorn* | Casey | Miniseries |
| 1990 | *Rafferty's Rules* | Rosie Johnson | Episode: "In Custody" |
| 1992 | *Bligh* | 10RA | Episode: "The First Treaty" |
| 1996 | *The Genie from Down Under* | Trish Emu | 8 episodes |
| 1997–98 | *Li'l Elvis and the Truckstoppers* | Lionel Dexter, Lilian Dexter (voices) | 26 episodes |
| 2013 | *Redfern Now* | Patricia | Episode: "Consequences" |

## InfoBox

| Kylie Belling | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-11-22) 22 November 1964<br>Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Education | University of Melbourne |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, voice artist, aboriginal activist |


title: Kyser Lake

abstract: Kyser Lake is on the Herkimer County and Fulton County line, located south of Dolgeville, New York. East Canada Creek is the main inlet. Kyser Lake drains south via East Canada Creek which flows into the Mohawk River.

text:
# Kyser Lake

**Kyser Lake** is on the Herkimer County and Fulton County line, located south of Dolgeville, New York. East Canada Creek is the main inlet. Kyser Lake drains south via East Canada Creek which flows into the Mohawk River.

## InfoBox

| Kyser Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Kyser LakeLocation within New YorkKyser LakeKyser Lake (the United States) | |
| Location | Herkimer County, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°04′05″N 74°46′14″W / 43.06806°N 74.77056°W / 43.06806; -74.77056 |
| Type | Reservoir |
| Primary inflows | East Canada Creek, Ransom Creek |
| Primary outflows | East Canada Creek |
|  | |
| Surface area | 153 acres (0.239 sq mi) |
| Surface elevation | 656 feet (200 m) |
|  | |
| Settlements | Dolgeville |


title: L1014

abstract: L1014 is a dark nebula in the Cygnus constellation. It may be among the most centrally condensed small dark clouds known, perhaps indicative of the earliest stages of star formation processes. This cloud harbors at its core a very young low-mass star named L1014 IRS; some astronomers have suggested that this object may be a brown dwarf or even a rogue planet at the earliest stage of its lifetime.

text:
# L1014

**L1014** is a dark nebula in the Cygnus constellation. It may be among the most centrally condensed small dark clouds known, perhaps indicative of the earliest stages of star formation processes. This cloud harbors at its core a very young low-mass star named L1014 IRS; some astronomers have suggested that this object may be a brown dwarf or even a rogue planet at the earliest stage of its lifetime.

## InfoBox

L1014
| Dark nebula | |
| --- | --- |
| L1014 (artistic image) | |
| Observation data: J2000 epoch | |
| Subtype | Dense core |
| Class | Lynds opacity class 6 |
| Right ascension | 21h 24m 06s |
| Declination | +49° 59 07 |
| Distance | 200 pc |
| Apparent diameter | ~2 |
| Constellation | Cygnus |
|  | |
| Designations | LDN 1014. |
|


title: Muñoz Airstrip

abstract: Muñoz Airstrip was a dirt airstrip located South of Bahía de los Ángeles, Municipality of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, a town located on the Gulf of California coast. The HLM code was used as identifier.

text:
# Muñoz Airstrip

**Muñoz Airstrip** was a dirt airstrip located South of Bahía de los Ángeles, Municipality of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, a town located on the Gulf of California coast. The HLM code was used as identifier.

## InfoBox

| Muñoz Airstrip | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Location | Bahía de los Ángeles |
| Elevation AMSL | 32 ft / 9 m |
| Coordinates | 28°53′29″N 113°31′43″W / 28.89139°N 113.52861°W / 28.89139; -113.52861 |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  01/19 3,375 1,028 Soil | |


title: Ward 3, Vũng Tàu

abstract: Ward 3 is a ward of Vũng Tàu in Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam.

text:
# Ward 3, Vũng Tàu

**Ward 3** (*Phường 3*) is a ward of Vũng Tàu in Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam.

## InfoBox

| Ward 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward | |
| Coordinates: 10°20′51.0″N 107°4′54.1″E / 10.347500°N 107.081694°E / 10.347500; 107.081694 | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Province | Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu |
| City | Vũng Tàu |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Indochina Time) |


title: Mielżyn

abstract: Mielżyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witkowo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Witkowo, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Gniezno, and 58 km (36 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Mielżyn

**Mielżyn** \[ˈmjɛlʐɨn\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witkowo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Witkowo, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Gniezno, and 58 km (36 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Mielżyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mielżyn | |
| Coordinates: 52°23′N 17°46′E / 52.383°N 17.767°E / 52.383; 17.767 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Gniezno |
| Gmina | Witkowo |
| Population | 660 |


title: Profile (Githead album)

abstract: Profile is second release and first full-length album by the British rock band Githead, issued in 2005.

text:
# Profile (Githead album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | (6.9/10.0) |

***Profile*** is second release and first full-length album by the British rock band Githead, issued in 2005.

## Track listing

1. "Alpha" – 5:54
2. "My LCA (Little Box of Magic)" – 3:50
3. "Cosmology for Beginners" – 4:25
4. "Antiphon" – 4:46
5. "They Are" – 3:39
6. "Option Paralysis" – 5:26
7. "Wallpaper" – 5:40
8. "Raining Down" – 7:14
9. "Pylons" – 3:27

## Personnel

1. Pitchfork Media review

## InfoBox

| Profile | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Githead | |
| Released | 2005 |
| Genre | Post-punk |
| Length | 44:21 |
| Label | swim ~ |
| Githead chronology | |
| *Headgit*
(2004) ***Profile***
(2005) *Art Pop*
(2007) | |


title: Francesca Dellera

abstract: Francesca Dellera is an Italian actress and model.

text:
# Francesca Dellera

**Francesca Dellera** (born 2 October 1965) is an Italian actress and model.

## Life and career

Dellera was born in a Jewish family in Italy. After her high school degree in classical studies, Francesca Dellera started working as a model. She was shot by world-class photographers such as Helmut Newton, Dominique Issermann, Greg Gorman, Michel Comte as well as others. The fashion journalist Natalia Aspesi described Francesca Dellera in the following way: "When compared to the unsexy parameters that are part of the current times, Francesca Dellera is a young woman from a different era, her soft white skin is something one does not see anymore. Today, femininity is something flashy and without sex appeal as often portrayed in television or even in fashion".

Dellera was launched by film director Tinto Brass, who chose her as main actress in the erotic movie *Capriccio* (1987); the film was a great success making her one of the most popular actresses in Italy at the time.

The following year she shot the TV miniseries *La romana*, directed by Giuseppe Patroni Griffi and opposite Gina Lollobrigida.

*La Romana* was the television version of the film bearing the same name directed by Luigi Zampa. The film itself was based on the novel by Alberto Moravia, and in the television series, an audience of over 10 million watched Dellera in her lead role with Gina Lollobrigida (leading actress in the original film). For her performance Dellera won the Telegatto award.

With the 1991 film *The Flesh* directed by Marco Ferreri Dellera reached international acclaim. The film entered the 1991 Cannes Film Festival and the actress suddenly gained much popularity in France; Ferreri described Dellera as having "the most beautiful skin in Italian cinema". One of the most important Italian film critics Tullio Kezich said about Dellera in *The Flesh*: "Her physical allure speaks for itself. As an actress, she has something exceptionally special. She is so comfortable in front of the movie camera that when she is dressed, she seems nude, and when she is nude, she seems dressed".

Federico Fellini chose her for the role of the fairy for a film based on Collodi's *Pinocchio*, opposite Roberto Benigni in the main role, but the film was never made due to the director's sudden death.

Later she moved to Paris, where she had an affair with Christopher Lambert and she was also a catwalk model for Jean Paul Gaultier. The singer Prince flew to Paris to meet with her and rented out an entire theatre to watch her movie "The Flesh" by himself. He proposed for her to appear in one of the videos to his songs, too. Although she had to turn down the offer due to other professional commitments.

In 1994 she starred in Jacques Deray's *L'Ours en peluche*, alongside Alain Delon, her last film; after that, she only shot TV-series.

After some years she returned in Italy where in 1999 she played the title role in *Nanà*, a television mini-series directed by Alberto Negrin, based on the eponymous novel by Émile Zola. After a lack of some year, in 2006 she returned in the TV film *La contessa di Castiglione*, an Italian-French co-production directed by Josée Dayan, alongside Jeanne Moreau; this is her last appearance on screen.

She also appeared in several advertising campaigns.

## Filmography

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | *Grandi magazzini* | Girl in red | Cameo appearance |
| 1987 | *Capriccio* | Rosalba Moniconi |  |
| 1987 | *Roba da ricchi* | Princess Topazia | Segment: "Terzo episodio" |
| 1991 | *The Flesh* | Francesca |  |
| 1994 | *The Teddy Bear* | Chantal |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | *La romana* | Adriana | Miniseries |
| 1989 | *La bugiarda* | Isabella | Television film |
| 2001 | *Nanà* | Nanà | Miniseries |
| 2006 | *La contessa di Castiglione* | Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione | Television film |

## InfoBox

| Francesca Dellera | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1965-10-02) 2 October 1965<br>Latina, Lazio, Italy |
| Occupations | * Model * actress |


title: USS Watts

abstract: USS Watts (DD-567) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy.

text:
# USS Watts

**USS *Watts* (DD-567)** was a *Fletcher*-class destroyer of the United States Navy.

## Namesake

Little is known about John Watts other than that he was an American merchant captain at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth. Probably born about 1778, location unknown but most likely in Virginia, he was captain of the 18-gun, armed merchantman *Planter* in 1799. Watts is remembered for an action between *Planter* and a 22-gun French privateer which took place on 10 July 1799 in the eastern Atlantic during the Quasi-War with France. During that five-hour engagement, Watts and *Planter'*s 43-man crew successfully fought off two concerted attacks by the more heavily armed Frenchman and thwarted the privateers' attempt to take the American ship. Watts and his crew received a generous reward for their efforts from Lloyd's Coffee House in London, the forerunner of the world-famous insurance company Lloyd's of London.Watts presumably continued in merchant service after the adventure with the French privateer, but he never served in the United States Navy. John Watts died in 1823, again location unknown.

## Construction and commissioning

*Watts* was laid down on 26 March 1943 at Seattle, by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp.; launched on 31 December 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Judith Bundick Gardner; and commissioned on 29 April 1944.

## 1944

Following two weeks of testing and calibrating equipment in Puget Sound, *Watts* embarked upon her first voyage on 17 May. She headed for San Diego and a month of shakedown training. She returned to Bremerton, Wash. on 26 June and underwent three weeks of post-shakedown availability. On 12 July, she departed Bremerton in company with battleships *Mississippi* (BB-41) and *West Virginia* (BB-48) bound for San Diego. The destroyer remained at San Diego until the 22d, at which time she put to sea in the screen of a Hawaii-bound convoy of troop transports. She arrived in Pearl Harbor on 29 July and remained only until 3 August when she stood out with Destroyer Division 113 (DesDiv 113) and shaped a course for Aleutian waters. On 8 August, *Watts* led her division mates into port at Adak, Alaska.

During the next seven months, the destroyer operated with the other units of DesDiv 113 as a part of the Navy's North Pacific Force. Since her assignment there came well after America had consolidated her hold on the Aleutians chain, the bulk of *Watts'* duties consisted of patrols and supply convoy-escort missions between the various outposts scattered across the fog and snow-bound archipelago. On the other hand, she and her division mates did, on occasion, conduct offensive operations against the Japanese Empire—primarily against the northern Kuril Islands.

Her first attempt came after more than two months of operations which might be characterized as routine—as much so as possible in the stormy northern Pacific. On 14 October, she departed Massacre Bay, Attu, for her first bombardment mission with the cruisers and destroyers of the North Pacific Force. Bad weather foiled that mission and the next which began on 24 October. Late in November, however, she departed Attu for her third attempt at bombarding the Kurils. That one proved successful; and, on the night of 23 and 24 November, her guns joined those of the other warships of the force in pounding airfields and installations on Matsuwa To. During the retirement from the Kurils, heavy seas lashed the task force. Fortunately, the same storms which buffeted *Watts* and her sister ships kept enemy air power grounded, and the bombardment group arrived safely back at Attu on 25 November. After two weeks of badly needed repairs at Dutch Harbor, she returned to Attu on 21 December, following a brief stop at Adak.

## 1945

On 3 January 1945, the destroyer steamed out of Massacre Bay for another sweep of the waters surrounding the northern Kurils. The climax of that operation came on 5 January when she joined in successful shelling of the Suribachi area of Paramushiro. After a brief stop at Attu, *Watts* moved on to Dutch Harbor with the rest of DesDiv 113. The following month, February, brought two more forays into the waters around the Kurils. However, only the second, which began on 16 February, ended with a bombardment. That one—on the 18th—hit installations in the Kurabi Zaki area of Paramushiro.

After a brief return to Attu, *Watts* departed the Aleutians on 22 February and headed for Hawaii with *Jarvis* (DD-799). The two destroyers reached Pearl Harbor on 1 March and began a fortnight of training and voyage repairs. On the 15th, *Watts* stood out of Pearl Harbor and headed back to the Aleutians for less than a month of operations. On 18 April, DesDiv 113 left the northern Pacific for good. From there, *Watts* and her division mates headed for Hawaii and three weeks of training in preparation for duty in the recently launched Okinawa invasion. On 5 May, she cleared the Hawaiian Islands and steamed west by way of Eniwetok and Ulithi.

On 21 May, when she arrived at Okinawa, the campaign had been in progress for almost two months, but the Japanese still hung on tenaciously. The members of the Kamikaze Corps continued to hurl themselves at the ships supporting the troops ashore. *Watts* proved to be a lucky ship while on radar picket station. Not only did her guns help to shoot down six aerial attackers, but she suffered only one really close call. A suicide plane almost managed to crash into her port side forward, but accurate 20-millimeter fire splashed him at the last possible instant, only 10 yards off the destroyer's port bow.

Mercifully, her stay at Okinawa proved brief. In mid-June, she received orders to join the screen of TF 38 at Leyte Gulf, where she arrived on 17 June. For the remainder of the war, *Watts* screened the fast carriers of TF 38 while their planes flew their last series of sorties against the Japanese home islands. Ranging from Hokkaidō in the north to Kyūshū in the south, those planes helped to decimate enemy shipping, land communications, and military and manufacturing installations. On 23 July, *Watts* made her own personal contribution to the destruction visited upon the enemy when her guns joined in a bombardment of the outpost island, Chichi Jima, in the Bonins.

The Japanese capitulation on 15 August 1945 found the ship steaming in Japanese waters screening TF 38.

A bit under a month later, on 10 September, she entered Tokyo Bay to begin participation in the occupation of Japan. She remained on that duty until mid-November; then headed back to the United States. After brief stops at Pearl Harbor and San Diego, the destroyer transited the Panama Canal on 7 December and headed for Philadelphia, Pa. on the 18th. *Watts* arrived at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 23 December and began a three-month inactivation overhaul. In mid-March, she shifted to the Charleston Naval Shipyard, where she was placed out of commission on 12 April 1946.

## 1951–1957

*Watts* remained in reserve until—to bolster the Navy during the Korean War—she was recommissioned on 6 July 1951.

During the first 42 months of the second phase of her career, *Watts* operated with the Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet. In the late summer and fall of 1951, the warship was fitted out, conducted shakedown, and made a cruise to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The spring of 1952 brought a round of exercises, notably "Convex III". That summer, she went into the yard at Philadelphia for overhaul. Refresher training at Guantanamo Bay followed, and then the destroyer resumed normal operations which she continued until the beginning of 1953.

On 7 January, she put to sea from Norfolk, Va. for her first deployment with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea. That May, after visits to northern European ports, *Watts* returned to Norfolk and began operations in the western Atlantic. Her assignment for almost a year centered upon antisubmarine warfare training with the Hunter/Killer Force, Atlantic Fleet. During that time, she made at least one cruise to the West Indies and visited Kingston, Jamaica, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Her tour of duty with the Hunter/Killer Force ended on 12 April 1954 when she entered the Norfolk Naval Shipyard for another overhaul. The destroyer completed that yard period on 7 July and conducted refresher training in the vicinity of Guantanamo Bay from late July to mid-September, when she resumed duty out of Norfolk.

That assignment continued until December at which time *Watts* was reassigned to the Cruiser-Destroyer Force, Pacific Fleet. After a voyage which took her to Guantanamo Bay and Havana, Cuba, as well as through the Panama Canal, she arrived in her new home port—Long Beach, Calif.—on 28 January 1955. Between January 1955 and December 1957, the destroyer alternated three deployments to the western Pacific with operations out of Long Beach along the western coast of the United States. During each of her tours of duty with the 7th Fleet, *Watts* divided her time between escort duty with the carriers of TF 77 and assignments with the Taiwan Strait patrol. Overhauls, type training, and refresher training filled her schedule when she returned to the west coast.

## 1958–1964

In December 1957, the destroyer entered the Long Beach Naval Shipyard for what was to have been her decommissioning overhaul. In June 1958, however, a reprieve arrived in the form of orders to shift home port to Seattle, Wash., and become a Naval Reserve training ship as the flagship of Reserve Escort Squadron 1 (ResCortRon 1). *Watts* served with the reserve training program for almost four years, from June 1958 to March 1962. Throughout the entire period, the Seattle-Tacoma area remained her base of operations. She provided a platform upon which naval reservists could reacquaint themselves with the intricacies of and skills necessary to constructive Navy service. During her more than three years of reserve training cruises, she ranged the length of the western coast of the United States from San Diego, Calif. in the south to the Canada–US border. She also cruised farther north to make goodwill calls at Canadian ports such as Victoria, British Columbia. During the summer of 1959, she became the first Naval Reserve training ship to participate in a regular Fleet exercise with her reserve crew embarked.

In December 1961, the destroyer was undergoing a yard period when the Berlin crisis developed in Europe. Her reserve crew was called to active duty; and, upon completing the overhaul on 8 January 1962, she departed Puget Sound to return to Long Beach. She completed refresher training out of San Diego on 1 March and departed the west coast for a tour of duty with the 7th Fleet in the Orient. During that cruise, she participated in at least one training operation, a combined antiaircraft-antisubmarine exercise, and visited Midway, Guam, Hong Kong, and Kobe, Sasebo, and Yokosuka, Japan. The easing of tensions in Europe late that spring allowed her to head home at the end of June. The destroyer arrived back in Long Beach on 9 July and, on 16 July, she resumed Naval Reserve training duty at Tacoma.

*Watts* completed another 30 months training reservists out of the Seattle-Tacoma area. In mid-1963, one of her training cruises took her to Hawaii; but, for the most part, she operated just off the west coast. In December 1964, *Watts* was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Bremerton. She remained there for almost a decade. On 1 February 1974, her name was struck from the Navy list, and she was sold on 5 September 1974 to General Metals Co., of Tacoma, Wash., for scrapping.

*Watts* earned three battle stars for her World War II service.

## InfoBox

| USS Watts (DD-567) underway, circa 1955 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Namesake | John Watts |
| Builder | Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation |
| Laid down | 26 March 1943 |
| Launched | 31 December 1943 |
| Commissioned | 29 April 1944 |
| Decommissioned | December 1964 |
| Stricken | 1 February 1974 |
| Fate | Sold for scrap, 5 September 1974 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Fletcher*-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 2,050 tons |
| Length | 376 ft 6 in (114.7 m) |
| Beam | 39 ft 8 in (12.1 m) |
| Draft | 17 ft 9 in (5.4 m) |
| Propulsion | 60,000 shp (45 MW); 2 propellers |
| Speed | 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) |
| Range | 6500 nmi. (12,000 km) at 15 kt |
| Complement | 329 |
| Armament |  |


title: Obiangwu

abstract: Obiangwu or Isuobiangwu, is a village and ward of Ngor Okpala Local Government Area, Imo State in southeastern Nigeria, 31.7 miles (51.0 km) by road northwest of the city of Aba, immediately to the west of Sam Mbakwe International Cargo Airport. Umuene Obiangwu lies to the northwest of the main village. The Eke-Isu Market serves the locals in the centre of the village. The settlement contains the St Mary's Catholic Church and the Assemblies of God Church. The Community School was opened in 1948.

text:
# Obiangwu

**Obiangwu** or **Isuobiangwu**, is a village and ward of Ngor Okpala Local Government Area, Imo State in southeastern Nigeria, 31.7 miles (51.0 km) by road northwest of the city of Aba, immediately to the west of Sam Mbakwe International Cargo Airport. **Umuene Obiangwu** lies to the northwest of the main village.

The Eke-Isu Market serves the locals in the centre of the village. The settlement contains the St Mary's Catholic Church and the Assemblies of God Church. The Community School was opened in 1948.

## History

Obiangwu like several other villages in the Owerri vicinity was an area of "intense missionary activity" in the early 20th century. The Community Pry School in the village was established in 1948.

In January 1981, the construction of the Enyiogugu Eziala - Obiangwu Umuawa Road was approved.

In April 2022 it was reported that the Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State had floated a tender for the rehabilitation of Eke-Isu Market in Obiangwu.

In late March 2023, it was reported that gunmen killed three personnel of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps at Eke-Isu Market in the village. An official of the NSCDC reported that two workers from the telecommunications company MTN Nigeria had also been killed, but this was denied by the company.

## Geography

Isuobiangwu lies immediately to the west of Sam Mbakwe International Cargo Airport, 31.7 miles (51.0 km) by road northwest of the city of Aba, and 16.2 miles (26.1 km) to the southeast of the city Owerri. **Umuene Obiangwu** lies to the northwest.

## Landmarks

The settlement contains the St Mary's Catholic Church and the Assemblies of God Church. The Eke-Isu Market serves the locals in the centre of the village. The Community School in close proximity to the churches in the eastern side of the village. There is a secondary school at Umuene Obiangwu. The principal health centre is Obiangwu Primary Health Center, which was announced to have been completed in a report dated to 2010.

## Culture

On 18 October 2018, local royal James Ibenyenwa Diala opened the Iriji Festival in Obiangwu at his estate.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Obiangwu | |
| --- | --- |
| Village and ward | |
| Obiangwu | |
| Coordinates: 5°26′N 7°11′E / 5.433°N 7.183°E / 5.433; 7.183 | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Imo State |
| LGA | Ngor Okpala |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| Area code | 460133 |


title: WCTH

abstract: WCTH is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Plantation Key, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys area. The station is currently owned by licensee Fiorini Keys Media, LLC, and features programming from Westwood One. On January 25, 2008, it was announced that WCTH was one of several Clear Channel radio stations to be sold, in order to remain under the ownership caps following the sale of Clear Channel to private investors. Until it was sold, WCTH and other stations to be sold were placed into the Aloha Stations Trust. The trust sold WCTH and three sister stations to Robert Holladay's Florida Keys Media, LLC for $650,000; the transaction was consummated February 28, 2014. In July 2024 the station was sold to Fiorini Keys Media, LLC

text:
# WCTH

**WCTH** (100.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Plantation Key, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys area. The station is currently owned by licensee Fiorini Keys Media, LLC, and features programming from Westwood One.

On January 25, 2008, it was announced that WCTH was one of several Clear Channel radio stations to be sold, in order to remain under the ownership caps following the sale of Clear Channel to private investors. Until it was sold, WCTH and other stations to be sold were placed into the Aloha Stations Trust.

The trust sold WCTH and three sister stations to Robert Holladay's Florida Keys Media, LLC for $650,000; the transaction was consummated February 28, 2014.

In July 2024 the station was sold to Fiorini Keys Media, LLC

## InfoBox

WCTH
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Florida Keys area |
| Frequency | 100.3 MHz |
| Branding | *Thunder Country 100.3* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country music |
| Affiliations | Westwood One |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Joseph Fiorini * (Fiorini Keys Media, LLC) |
| Sister stations | WAIL, WFKZ, WEOW, WAVK, WCNK, WWUS |
| History | |
| First air date | 1969 |
| Former call signs | WPLC (CP; 1966-1967; never used on air)<br>WXOS (1967–1987) |
| Call sign meaning | "Thunder Country" (backwards) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 60910 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 141 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 24°57′34.00″N 80°34′30.00″W / 24.9594444°N 80.5750000°W / 24.9594444; -80.5750000 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | thundercountry.com |


title: Pentace exima

abstract: Pentace exima is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

text:
# Pentace exima

***Pentace exima*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae *sensu lato* or Tiliaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.

## InfoBox

| *Pentace exima* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Pentace* |
| Species: | ***P. exima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pentace exima***
King | |
|


title: Pelargoderus sijthoffii

abstract: Pelargoderus sijthoffii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Coenraad Ritsema in 1901.

text:
# Pelargoderus sijthoffii

***Pelargoderus sijthoffii*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Coenraad Ritsema in 1901.

## InfoBox

| *Pelargoderus sijthoffii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Pelargoderus*** |
| Species: | ***P. sijthoffii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelargoderus sijthoffii***<br>Ritsema, 1901 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pelargoderus sijthoffi* (Ritsema) Breuning, 1942 (misspelling) | |


title: Pelargoderus marginipennis

abstract: Pelargoderus marginipennis is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

text:
# Pelargoderus marginipennis

***Pelargoderus marginipennis*** is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

## Description

*Pelargoderus marginipennis* can reach a length of about 29 millimetres (1.1 in).

## Distribution

This species can be found in Sumatra.

## InfoBox

| *Pelargoderus marginipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pelargoderus marginipennis* from Enggano Island | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Genus: | *Pelargoderus* |
| Species: | ***P. marginipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelargoderus marginipennis***<br>Ritsema, 1895 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pelargoderus trivittatus* Aurivillius, 1907 | |


title: HOTAS

abstract: HOTAS, an acronym of hands on throttle-and-stick, is the concept of placing buttons and switches on the throttle lever and flight control stick in an aircraft cockpit. By adopting such an arrangement, pilots are capable of performing all vital functions as well as flying the aircraft without having to remove their hands from the controls. The HOTAS principle has also been applied outside the aviation sector, and has made a noticeable impact upon both the road vehicle design and gaming industries.

text:
# HOTAS

**HOTAS**, an acronym of **hands on throttle-and-stick**, is the concept of placing buttons and switches on the throttle lever and flight control stick in an aircraft cockpit. By adopting such an arrangement, pilots are capable of performing all vital functions as well as flying the aircraft without having to remove their hands from the controls.

The HOTAS principle has also been applied outside the aviation sector, and has made a noticeable impact upon both the road vehicle design and gaming industries.

## History

HOTAS was originally applied to military aircraft, starting with the British interceptor aircraft, the English Electric Lightning, in the late 1950s. The concept quickly spread to numerous other aircraft, such as the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, IAI Super Phantom, Mikoyan MiG-29, and Eurofighter Typhoon.

In more modern implementations, it is often combined with several other input systems, such as direct voice input and helmet-mounted display, to further reduce workload upon pilots as well as the need to divide their attention between the primary controls and other systems. Apart from the cockpit, the ground control stations (GCS) used by drone operators also commonly have HOTAS principles.

## Description

HOTAS is a shorthand term which refers to the typical configuration of the core controls of fighter aircraft. Having all critical switches on the stick and throttle allows the pilot to keep both "hands on throttle-and-stick". Used in combination with a head-up display (HUD), the pilot can focus their attention upon flying the aircraft, manipulating sensors, and engaging targets rather than looking for controls in the cockpit. The goal is to improve pilots' situational awareness, their ability to manipulate switch and button controls in turbulence, under stress, or during high G-force maneuvers, to improve reaction time, to minimize instances when hands must be removed from one or the other of the aircraft's controls to use another aircraft system, and reduce total time spent doing so.

HOTAS enables the pilot to manipulate all the radar's important functions without taking their hands away from the stick or throttle. It is typical for several other functions to be potentially incorporated into this control arrangement; features including a radio communications switch, chaff and flare countermeasure activation, speed brake controls, nose wheel steering, and aerial refueling disconnect may be controlled as such. The precise arrangement of each aircraft's cockpit is unique, having been designed specific to mission requirements, equipment fitout, performance capabilities, and general airframe configuration of that aircraft. For instance, the F-15E Strike Eagle throttle incorporates the ability to interact with an onboard FLIR sensor.

## Applications

### Aviation

The HOTAS concept was initially pioneered by the Royal Air Force during the 1950s. The newly-developed supersonic point-defense interceptor aircraft, the English Electric Lightning, was furnished with the Ferranti AIRPASS radar and gunsight control system, giving its pilots an earlier implementation of the practice. By 1960, Ferranti were reportedly developing such fire control systems for foreign aircraft as well. HOTAS controls have become commonplace amongst the fighter aircraft of various nations. Various aircraft flown by the United States Air Force, including the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, feature such control systems.

Numerous cockpits of modern military aircraft have seen the HOTAS concept combined or enhanced by the use of further control technologies. One such example is the use of direct voice input; the combination of Voice and HOTAS control schemes has sometimes been referred to as the "V-TAS" concept. A prominent fighter aircraft to be furnished with a V-TAS cockpit is the Eurofighter Typhoon. Other examples includes the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, the Dassault Rafale and the Saab JAS 39 Gripen.

Another common enhancement has been the combination of helmet mounted display (HMD) systems. These commonly allow the pilot to control various systems using his line of sight, extending even to guiding missiles by simply looking at the target. One such HMD arrangement is the Soviet "Schlem" system, which has been used on both the Mikoyan MiG-29 and Sukhoi Su-27 fighter aircraft; another is used on the F-35, which dispenses with a traditional head-up display mounted on the dashboard in favour of displaying such data via the HMD, allowing pilots to see target info regardless of the direction they are facing.

### Road vehicles

Several car manufacturers have opted to integrate the HOTAS concept into the control systems of their vehicles. In the ordinary consumer market, a wide range of vehicles have had controls integrated into the steering wheel, typically for ancillary functions such as controlling the entertainment system, adjusting its cruise control and interacting with onboard computers and mobile phones. The purpose of such systems is that drivers can keep their hands upon the wheel, removing the need for the driver to look away from the road while still allowing such interactions to be performed.

Furthermore, numerous racecars have been produced with steering wheels configured to control various aspects of the car's systems, such as communications and gear shifting. Such vehicles have been frequently used in competitive racing, such as Formula One and the Indy Racing League.

### Gaming

Several game controllers have incorporated HOTAS-like control arrangements. Such controllers have been commonly used by flight simulators; one example is the Thrustmaster Warthog, which is claimed to be based on the A-10. Optional controllers for the Xbox One games console include a flight stick that has been described as having HOTAS functionality. Other gaming alternatives include hands on stick and stick (HOSAS) and hands on stick and mouse (HOSAM).

### Remote operations

Several ground control stations (GCS) have used HOTAS principles amongst their control schemes. Such stations are commonly used to remotely operate unmanned aerial vehicles.

### Citations

### Other sources

* McCarty, W.D.; Sheasby, S.; Amburn, P.; Stytz, M.R.; Switzer, C. (1994). "A virtual cockpit for a distributed interactive simulation". *IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications*. **14**: 49–54. doi:10.1109/38.250919.
* Stein, Michael; Sandl, Peter (2012). *Information Ergonomics: A Theoretical Approach and Practical Experience in Transportation*. Springer. p. 175. ISBN 978-3642258404.
* Moir, Ian; Seabridge, Allan (2012). *Design and Development of Aircraft Systems*. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 113–115. ISBN 978-1118469132.


title: Hadena compta

abstract: Hadena compta, the varied coronet, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe, Morocco, Algeria, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, central Asia, southern Russia, China and Japan.

text:
# Hadena compta

***Hadena compta***, the **varied coronet**, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe, Morocco, Algeria, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, central Asia, southern Russia, China and Japan.

## Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 25–30 mm. Seitz describes it: Forewing smaller than *nana*, with a vertical white fascia, the orbicular stigma, the white blotch beyond claviform and a blotch at middle of inner margin being confluent; no apical white blotch; — in *viscariae* Guen. the white fascia becomes yellowish or brownish; — *humilis* Christ \[now full species *Hadena humilis* (Christoph, 1893)\], from Armenia and the Taurus Mts., also has the fascia discoloured and much reduced in size, the ground colour often being dull grey. — Larva reddish grey; dorsal stripe redbrown, blotched on each segment and traversed by a conspicuous white central line; lateral lines yellowish; spiracles white on a cloudy grey shade; head redbrown.

## Biology

The moth flies from May to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on *Dianthus barbatus* and *Silene vulgaris*.

* "Witband-silene-uil *Hadena compta*". *De Vlinderstichting*. Retrieved May 26, 2020. (in Dutch)
* "Varied Coronet *Hadena compta* (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)". *Waarneming.nl*. Retrieved May 26, 2020. (in Dutch)
* "*Hadena compta* (\[Denis & Schiffermüller\], 1775)". *Lepidoptera of Belgium*. Archived December 7, 2008.
* Kimber, Ian. "73.282 BF2170 Varied Coronet *Hadena compta* (\[Denis & Schiffermüller\], 1775)". *UKMoths*. Retrieved 26 May 2020.

## InfoBox

| Varied coronet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Hadena* |
| Species: | ***H. compta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hadena compta***<br>Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 | |
|


title: Hadena clara

abstract: Hadena clara is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Morocco, southern Europe, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Caucasus region, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Iran.

text:
# Hadena clara

***Hadena clara*** is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Morocco, southern Europe, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Caucasus region, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Iran.

## Description

Warren states *E. clara* Stgr. Forewing ochreous whitish, dusted with dark; the lines fairly distinct; the stigmata obscure; hindwing ochreous white, the termen tinged with fuscous. Turkestan; — ab. *celebrata* Alph. \[now *Dichagyris celebrata* \] is a dark form with the markings plainer, while ab. *verecunda* Pung. (7e) \[now *Dichagyris verecunda*\] is altogether paler and marked only by two dark costal spots.

## Subspecies

* *Hadena clara macedonica* (Macedonia)
* *Hadena clara gladys* (northern Iran)
* *Hadena clara weissi* (Caucasus)
* *Hadena clara alpina* (France)
* *Hadena clara dujardini* (France)
* *Hadena clara nevadensis* (Spain)
* *Hadena clara atlantis* (Morocco)

## Biology

Adults are on wing from May to June. There is one generation per year.

The larvae probably feed on capsules of *Caryophyllaceae* species.

## InfoBox

| *Hadena clara* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Hadena* |
| Species: | ***H. clara*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hadena clara***<br>(Staudinger, 1901) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Dianthoecia caesia var. clara* Staudinger, 1901 * *Dianthoecia hyrcana* Draudt, 1933 * *Harmodia caesia transiens* Draudt, 1936 * *Harmodia gladys* Wiltshire, 1947 | |


title: HMS Lochinvar (shore establishment)

abstract: HMS Lochinvar was a minesweeping training "stone frigate" of the Royal Navy, sited at Port Edgar on the Firth of Forth. It was established in 1939. From 1943 to 1946 it was temporarily transferred to nearby Granton Harbour while Port Edgar became a training centre for the 1944 Normandy Landings. HMS Lochinvar closed in 1975 when its operations moved across the Forth to HMS Caledonia in the rebuilt naval base at Rosyth. Previously the name HMS Lochinvar had been used for a First World War-era Laforey-class destroyer launched in 1915 and scrapped in 1921.

text:
# HMS Lochinvar (shore establishment)

**HMS *Lochinvar*** was a minesweeping training "stone frigate" (shore establishment) of the Royal Navy, sited at Port Edgar on the Firth of Forth. It was established in 1939. From 1943 to 1946 it was temporarily transferred to nearby Granton Harbour while Port Edgar became a training centre for the 1944 Normandy Landings. HMS *Lochinvar* closed in 1975 when its operations moved across the Forth to HMS *Caledonia* in the rebuilt naval base at Rosyth.

Previously the name HMS *Lochinvar* had been used for a First World War-era *Laforey*-class destroyer launched in 1915 and scrapped in 1921.

* "South Queensferry, Port Edgar Harbour". *Canmore database*. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved 3 July 2009.

55°59′35″N 3°25′05″W / 55.993°N 3.418°W / 55.993; -3.418


title: HMS Lochinvar

abstract:
One ship, and two shore establishments, of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Lochinvar:
  - HMS Lochinvar (1915) was a Laforey-class destroyer built as HMS Malice, but renamed before being launched in 1915. She was sold for breaking up in 1921.
  - HMS Lochinvar (shore establishment) was a minesweeper training base at Port Edgar, commissioned in 1939. It became an active minesweeper base in 1941, and moved to Granton in 1943. It was paid off in 1948 but immediately recommissioned as a minesweeping trials establishment, becoming an independent command in 1951. The base was paid off in 1975.
  - HMS Lochinvar II was an accounting base at Granton in 1946, and at Port Edgar between 1946 and 1947.

text:
# HMS Lochinvar

One ship, and two shore establishments, of the Royal Navy have borne the name **HMS *Lochinvar***:

* HMS *Lochinvar* (1915) was a *Laforey*-class destroyer built as HMS *Malice*, but renamed before being launched in 1915. She was sold for breaking up in 1921.
* HMS *Lochinvar* (shore establishment) was a minesweeper training base at Port Edgar, commissioned in 1939. It became an active minesweeper base in 1941, and moved to Granton in 1943. It was paid off in 1948 but immediately recommissioned as a minesweeping trials establishment, becoming an independent command in 1951. The base was paid off in 1975.
* HMS *Lochinvar II* was an accounting base at Granton in 1946, and at Port Edgar between 1946 and 1947.


title: Penwhirn Reservoir

abstract: Penwhirn Reservoir, is a reservoir in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) east of Cairnryan. The reservoir was built in the 1950s to provide water to the Stranraer area. The reservoir has an associated treatment works located to the east of the dam providing drinking water for a population of around 27,000 people. The dam height was raised in 2015 at cost of £8m to increase the capacity of the reservoir by around 40%.

text:
# Penwhirn Reservoir

**Penwhirn Reservoir**, is a reservoir in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) east of Cairnryan. The reservoir was built in the 1950s to provide water to the Stranraer area. The reservoir has an associated treatment works located to the east of the dam providing drinking water for a population of around 27,000 people. The dam height was raised in 2015 at cost of £8m to increase the capacity of the reservoir by around 40%.

## InfoBox

| Penwhirn Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Penwhirn Dam | |
| Penwhirn Dam | |
| Location | Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland |
| Coordinates | 54°59′10″N 4°56′06″W / 54.986°N 4.935°W / 54.986; -4.935 |
| Primary inflows | Penwhirn Burn |
| Managing agency | Scottish Water |


title: Penwell, Texas

abstract: Penwell is an unincorporated community in Ector County, Texas, United States. It is located near Interstate 20, approximately sixteen miles southwest of Odessa. The community is part of the Odessa Metropolitan Statistical Area. Penwell is home to West Texas' only 1/4 mile drag strip. Penwell was named after a well drilled in 1929 by independent oilman Robert R. Penn.

text:
# Penwell, Texas

**Penwell** is an unincorporated community in Ector County, Texas, United States. It is located near Interstate 20, approximately sixteen miles southwest of Odessa. The community is part of the Odessa Metropolitan Statistical Area. Penwell is home to West Texas' only 1/4 mile drag strip.

Penwell was named after a well drilled in 1929 by independent oilman Robert R. Penn.

## Climate

This area has a large amount of sunshine year round due to its stable descending air and high pressure. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Penwell has a desert climate, abbreviated "Bwh" on climate maps.

31°44′23″N 102°35′30″W / 31.73972°N 102.59167°W / 31.73972; -102.59167


title: Hadamard three-lines theorem

abstract: In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Hadamard three-line theorem is a result about the behaviour of holomorphic functions defined in regions bounded by parallel lines in the complex plane. The theorem is named after the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard.

text:
# Hadamard three-lines theorem

In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the **Hadamard three-line theorem** is a result about the behaviour of holomorphic functions defined in regions bounded by parallel lines in the complex plane. The theorem is named after the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard.

## Statement

**Hadamard three-line theorem**  Let $f(z)$ be a bounded function of $z=x+iy$ defined on the strip

$$\\{x+iy:a\leq x\leq b\\},$$

holomorphic in the interior of the strip and continuous on the whole strip. If

$$M(x)=\sup \_{y}|f(x+iy)|$$

then $\log M(x)$ is a convex function on $\[a,b\].$

In other words, if $x=ta+(1-t)b$ with $0\leq t\leq 1,$ then

$$M(x)\leq M(a)^{t}M(b)^{1-t}.$$

| Proof |
| --- |
| Define $F(z)$ by

$$F(z)=f(z)M(a)^{z-b \over b-a}M(b)^{z-a \over a-b}$$

where $|F(z)|\leq 1$ on the edges of the strip. The result follows once it is shown that the inequality also holds in the interior of the strip. After an affine transformation in the coordinate $z,$ it can be assumed that $a=0$ and $b=1.$ The function

$$F\_{n}(z)=F(z)e^{z^{2}/n}e^{-1/n}$$

tends to $0$ as $|z|$ tends to infinity and satisfies $|F\_{n}|\leq 1$ on the boundary of the strip. The maximum modulus principle can therefore be applied to $F\_{n}$ in the strip. So $|F\_{n}(z)|\leq 1.$ Because $F\_{n}(z)$ tends to $F(z)$ as $n$ tends to infinity, it follows that $|F(z)|\leq 1.$ ∎ |

## Applications

The three-line theorem can be used to prove the Hadamard three-circle theorem for a bounded continuous function $g(z)$ on an annulus $\\{z:r\leq |z|\leq R\\},$ holomorphic in the interior. Indeed applying the theorem to

$$f(z)=g(e^{z}),$$

shows that, if

$$m(s)=\sup \_{|z|=e^{s}|g(z)|,}$$

then $\log \\,m(s)$ is a convex function of $s.$

The three-line theorem also holds for functions with values in a Banach space and plays an important role in complex interpolation theory. It can be used to prove Hölder's inequality for measurable functions

$$\int |gh|\leq \left(\int |g|^{p}\right)^{1 \over p}\cdot \left(\int |h|^{q}\right)^{1 \over q},$$

where $1 \over p}+{1 \over q}=1,$ by considering the function

$$f(z)=\int |g|^{pz}|h|^{q(1-z)}.$$

* Hadamard, Jacques (1896), "Sur les fonctions entières" (PDF), *Bull. Soc. Math. Fr.*, **24**: 186–187 (the original announcement of the theorem)
* Reed, Michael; Simon, Barry (1975), *Methods of modern mathematical physics, Volume 2: Fourier analysis, self-adjointness*, Elsevier, pp. 33–34, ISBN 0-12-585002-6
* Ullrich, David C. (2008), *Complex made simple*, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, vol. 97, American Mathematical Society, pp. 386–387, ISBN 978-0-8218-4479-3


title: Penmarc'h Lighthouse

abstract: The Phare d'Eckmühl, also known as Point Penmarc'h Light or Saint-Pierre Light, is an active lighthouse in Penmarc'h, Finistère department, Brittany, France. At a height of 213 feet (65 m) it is one of the tallest lighthouses in the world. It is located at the port of Saint-Pierre, on Point Penmarc'h, on the southwestern corner of Finistère and the northwestern entrance to the Bay of Biscay. The tower was built following a decision on 3 April 1882 to modernize the coastal lighthouses and raise the focal height of the Penmarc'h lighthouse, built in 1835, to 60m. However, engineers reported that the old tower could not support such an extension, so in 1890 it was decided to build a new lighthouse, the plans of which were completed on 3 April 1882. Funding came unexpectedly on 9 December 1892 when Adélaïde-Louise Davout, Marquise de Blocqueville, left substantial funds for the new tower in her will, provided the lighthouse was dedicated to the memory of her father, a marshal of the First French Empire Louis Nicolas Davout, who was "Prince d'Eckmühl", a title he won after the Battle of Eckmühl. The tower was inaugurated on 17 October 1897. The centennial of the lighthouse was celebrated in 1997. The tower is open to the public. Reaching the top takes climbing 307 steps, 227 stone steps followed by an iron staircase.

text:
# Penmarc'h Lighthouse

The **Phare d'Eckmühl**, also known as **Point Penmarc'h Light** or **Saint-Pierre Light**, is an active lighthouse in Penmarc'h, Finistère department, Brittany, France. At a height of 213 feet (65 m) it is one of the tallest lighthouses in the world. It is located at the port of Saint-Pierre, on Point Penmarc'h, on the southwestern corner of Finistère and the northwestern entrance to the Bay of Biscay.

The tower was built following a decision on 3 April 1882 to modernize the coastal lighthouses and raise the focal height of the Penmarc'h lighthouse, built in 1835, to 60m. However, engineers reported that the old tower could not support such an extension, so in 1890 it was decided to build a new lighthouse, the plans of which were completed on 3 April 1882. Funding came unexpectedly on 9 December 1892 when Adélaïde-Louise Davout, Marquise de Blocqueville, left substantial funds for the new tower in her will, provided the lighthouse was dedicated to the memory of her father, a marshal of the First French Empire Louis Nicolas Davout, who was "Prince d'Eckmühl", a title he won after the Battle of Eckmühl. The tower was inaugurated on 17 October 1897.

The centennial of the lighthouse was celebrated in 1997.

The tower is open to the public. Reaching the top takes climbing 307 steps, 227 stone steps followed by an iron staircase.

## InfoBox

Phare d'Eckmühl
| Phare d'Eckmühl, 2007 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Penmarch, France |
| Coordinates | 47°47′53.9″N 4°22′21.9″W / 47.798306°N 4.372750°W / 47.798306; -4.372750 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1897 |
| Construction | granite |
| Automated | 17 October 2007 |
| Height | 213 feet (65 m) |
| Shape | square tower, octagonal watch room, gallery, lantern |
| Markings | unpainted gray tower, white lantern |
| Heritage | classified historical monument |
| Fog signal | Horn: 1 bl. ev. 60s |
|  | |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1897 |
| Focal height | 197 feet (60 m) |
| Lens | Fresnel lens |
| Range | 23 nautical miles (43 km; 26 mi) |
| Characteristic | Fl W 5s |
|  | |


title: Hai Rui

abstract: Hai Rui, courtesy name Ru Xian (汝賢), art name Gang Feng (剛峰), was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Ming dynasty, remembered as a model of honesty and integrity in office.

text:
# Hai Rui

**Hai Rui** (January 23, 1514 – November 13, 1587), courtesy name Ru Xian (汝賢), art name Gang Feng (剛峰), was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Ming dynasty, remembered as a model of honesty and integrity in office.

## Biography

Hai Rui, was born in Haikou City, Hainan on January 23, 1513. His father died when he was three, and he was raised by his Muslim mother. His great-great-grandfather was an Arab named Hai Da-er (Chinese: 海答兒, Haidar, an Arabic name), and his mother was from a Muslim (Hui) family with ancestry that originated from the Indian subcontinent. Hai himself however was noted primarily as a Neo-Confucianist and never discussed Islam in his Confucian works.

Hai took the Imperial examination but was unsuccessful, and his official career only began in 1553, when he was 39, with a humble position as clerk of education in Fujian. He gained a reputation for his uncompromising adherence to upright morality, scrupulous honesty, poverty, and fairness. This won him widespread popular support, evinced among other things by his being enshrined while alive; but he also made many enemies in the bureaucracy. Nevertheless, he was called to the capital Beijing and promoted to the junior position of secretary of ministry of Revenue. In 1565, he submitted a memorial strongly criticizing the Jiajing Emperor for the neglect of his duties and bringing disaster to the country, for which he was sentenced to death in 1566. He was released after the Emperor died in early 1567.

Hai was reappointed as a minor official serving at South Zhili under the Longqing Emperor, son and heir of Jiajing Emperor, but was soon forced to resign in 1570 after complaints were made over his overzealous handling of land-tenure issues. Major moneylenders in the prefecture were accused of lending at exorbitant rates to smaller landowners and tenants, then seizing their lands as collateral. Hai devoted considerable time to investigate these cases, pressing for the lands' return to their previous owners, but was in turn accused by officials of violating procedures and encouraging frivolous complaints and impeached by Tai Feng-Hsiang, a supervising secretary (御史, yushi).

Hai Rui was promoted to censor-in-chief of Nanjing in 1586, but died in office a year later. He was given the posthumous name Zhong Jie (忠介).

## Legacy

In 1959, writer and scholar Wu Han became interested in the life of Hai Rui, and wrote several articles on his life and his fearless criticism of the emperor. He then wrote a play for Peking Opera titled "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", which he revised several times before the final version of 1961. Wu's play was interpreted by the Gang of Four member Yao Wenyuan as an allegorical work, in which the honest, moral official Hai Rui represented the disgraced Chinese communist marshal Peng Dehuai, who was purged by Mao after criticizing him as corrupt. According to Yao, the corrupt emperor in Wu's play represented Mao Zedong. The November 10, 1965, an article in a prominent Shanghai newspaper, "A Criticism of the Historical Drama 'Hai Rui Dismissed From Office'" (评新编历史剧《海瑞罢官》), written by Yao, began a propaganda campaign that eventually led to the Cultural Revolution. During the Cultural Revolution, the tomb of Hai Rui was destroyed by red guards. Yao's campaign led to the persecution and death of Wu Han, as well as others involved in related works, such as Zhou Xinfang for his opera *Hai Rui Submits His Memorial* (海瑞上疏).

While Wu Han considers Hai Rui to be a moral socialist, this was not necessarily the case. As historian Ray Huang puts it, "Though one might expect the moral interpretation of history to be generally discredited by now, this is not the case. Some modern historians tend to view the Confucian morality in of certain individuals in terms of the own sense of social justice. Wu Han, for instance, praises his hero Hai Jui for 'standing on the side of peasantry' in their conflict with the landlords. He also asserts that Hai, 'despite a hundred setbacks, still continued the struggle to build a socialist society."

Haikou, the largest city on Hai Rui's home island of Hainan, celebrates Hai Rui's deeds. A memorial has been constructed and his tomb is open for worship.

## InfoBox

| Hai Rui | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1514-01-23)January 23, 1514
Haikou City, Ming China |
| Died | November 13, 1587(1587-11-13) (aged 73)
Nanjing, Ming China |
| Resting place | Haikou City |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Occupation(s) | Philosopher, politician |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Chinese | 海瑞 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Hǎi Ruì  Wade–Giles Hai3 Jui4  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Hoi2 Seoi6  Southern Min  Hokkien POJ Hái Sūi | |
| Courtesy name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 汝賢 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Rǔ Xián  Wade–Giles Ru3 Xian2  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Jyu5 Jin4 | |
| Art name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 剛峰 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Gāng Fēng  Wade–Giles Gang1 Feng1  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Gong1 Fung1 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Per Gjersøe

abstract: Per Gjersøe was a Norwegian actor, stage instructor and film director.

text:
# Per Gjersøe

**Per Gjersøe** (13 October 1908  6 November 1980) was a Norwegian actor, stage instructor and film director.

## Biography

Gjersøe was born in Tønsberg on 13 October 1908. He made his stage debut at Nationaltheatret in 1938. From 1945 to 1950 he was assigned at Studioteatret, and later at Det nye Teater, Riksteatret, Fjernsynsteatret, Teatret Vårt in Molde, and at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen. His first independent stage production was an adaptation of Arthur Koestler's play *Twilight Bar* in 1946, and in 1947 he staged Ingmar Bergman's play *Hets*. In 1962 he co-directed the film *Tonny*, based on Jens Bjørneboe's novel *Den onde hyrde*, in cooperation with Nils R. Müller. He was among the co-founders of the regional theatre for Møre og Romsdal, Teatret Vårt, in 1972.

He died in Oslo on 6 November 1980.

## InfoBox

| Per Gjersøe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1908-10-13)13 October 1908
Tønsberg, Norway |
| Died | 6 November 1980(1980-11-06) (aged 72)
Oslo |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, stage instructor and film director |


title: Per Gravdal

abstract: Per Gravdal, later Peder Olsen Nodland (1842–1909) was a Norwegian pastor and founder of the Christian denomination Det Almindelige Samfund, one of the churches that came from the Strong Believer (Sterktroende) movement in opposition to the Haugeans. Gravdal served as its pastor for eight years from 1901 to 1909. Gravdal was born in Bjerkreim and was a farmer. What he lacked in education, he made up for through his charismatic preaching. He became the pastor of The Community (Samfundet), where he took over the role after the death of founder Bernt Lomeland in 1900. When the churches split regarding the issue of to what extent Gravdal had the "same spirit", he and his followers, known as Perane, were forced out of the church. He and 233 others then founded Det Almindelige Samfund, while the Lomelenders continued in The Community. Gravdal moved to the city after having been chosen as pastor. His wife remained in Nodland. His maid, Kristina Skipstad, worked at the parsonage to look after him. She held a unique role in the church "as the only woman to have held anything resembling a leadership position in a Strong Believer church community." Until she died, it was common in the parish for newborns to be given names starting with the letters P or K, or a combination of the two. In 1905, he published En Fremsættelse af Guds Naadens Orden udi Prædikener indeholdende en Forklaring om Synd og Naade, Fald og Opreisning.

text:
# Per Gravdal

**Per Gravdal**, later **Peder Olsen Nodland** (1842–1909) was a Norwegian pastor and founder of the Christian denomination Det Almindelige Samfund ('The Catholic Community', *catholic* here in the sense of 'universal'), one of the churches that came from the Strong Believer (*Sterktroende*) movement in opposition to the Haugeans. Gravdal served as its pastor for eight years from 1901 to 1909.

Gravdal was born in Bjerkreim and was a farmer. What he lacked in education, he made up for through his charismatic preaching. He became the pastor of The Community (Samfundet), where he took over the role after the death of founder Bernt Lomeland in 1900. When the churches split regarding the issue of to what extent Gravdal had the "same spirit", he and his followers, known as *Perane*, were forced out of the church. He and 233 others then founded Det Almindelige Samfund, while the *Lomelender**s* continued in The Community.

Gravdal moved to the city after having been chosen as pastor. His wife remained in Nodland. His maid, Kristina Skipstad, worked at the parsonage to look after him. She held a unique role in the church "as the only woman to have held anything resembling a leadership position in a Strong Believer church community." Until she died, it was common in the parish for newborns to be given names starting with the letters P or K, or a combination of the two.

In 1905, he published *En Fremsættelse af Guds Naadens Orden udi Prædikener indeholdende en Forklaring om Synd og Naade, Fald og Opreisning* ('An Exposition of the Order of God's Grace through Sermons Containing an Explanation of Sin and Grace, Fall and Redemption').

### Notes

### Sources

*


title: Per Graver

abstract: Per Graver is a Norwegian handball player. He made his debut on the Norwegian national team in 1964, and played 50 matches for the national team between 1964 and 1970. He participated at the 1964, 1967, and 1970 World Men's Handball Championship.

text:
# Per Graver

**Per Graver**  is a Norwegian handball player.

He made his debut on the Norwegian national team in 1964, and played 50 matches for the national team between 1964 and 1970. He participated at the 1964, 1967, and 1970 World Men's Handball Championship.

## InfoBox

| Per Graver | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Nationality | Norwegian | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1964–1970 | Norway | 50 | (188) |


title: Per Gjestvang

abstract: Per Oluf Gjestvang was a Norwegian veterinarian, resistance member, military officer and politician for the Conservative Party. He was born in Eidsvoll, and finished his secondary education in 1934. He then took a military education in the engineer corps, and tutored at the camp at Hvalsmoen. He also attended the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science from 1935, and graduated with the cand.med.vet. degree in 1941. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was a member of Milorg, as "pioneer leader" in District 13. He worked as an assistant veterinary in Lesja and Dovre in 1942 before returning to the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. He worked as a research assistant from 1942 to 1945, an associate professor from 1946 to 1953 and then docent from 1954 to 1955 before being hired as chief veterinary in the Norwegian Defence Forces in 1955. He remained here until retirement in 1980. He held the degree Colonel from 1969. Gjestvang was also a secretary-general of the Norwegian Veterinary Association from 1945 to 1948, and was a member and chairman of the central board from 1954 to 1966. He chaired the Norwegian Equestrian Federation from 1976 to 1982, Dyrenes Beskyttelse from 1982 to 1986 and was a vice president in Norges Dyrebeskyttelsesforbund from 1984 to 1988. He was also involved in the Norwegian Red Cross and Rotary, and was a member of Stange municipal council from 1972 to 1983. He was chosen as leader of the local Conservative Party branch in 1993. Gjestvang was decorated with the Defence Medal 1940–1945 in 1945, the Order of the Dannebrog in 1963, the Forsvarsmedaljen in 1983 and the HM The King's Medal of Merit in 1995. He was an honorary member of the Norwegian Veterinary Association from 1977 as well as its Swedish and Finnish counterparts from 1965 and 1977 respectively. He died in January 2002.

text:
# Per Gjestvang

**Per Oluf Gjestvang** (17 March 1915 – 26 January 2002) was a Norwegian veterinarian, resistance member, military officer and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Eidsvoll, and finished his secondary education in 1934. He then took a military education in the engineer corps, and tutored at the camp at Hvalsmoen. He also attended the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science from 1935, and graduated with the cand.med.vet. degree in 1941. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was a member of Milorg, as "pioneer leader" in District 13.

He worked as an assistant veterinary in Lesja and Dovre in 1942 before returning to the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. He worked as a research assistant from 1942 to 1945, an associate professor from 1946 to 1953 and then docent from 1954 to 1955 before being hired as chief veterinary in the Norwegian Defence Forces in 1955. He remained here until retirement in 1980. He held the degree Colonel from 1969.

Gjestvang was also a secretary-general of the Norwegian Veterinary Association from 1945 to 1948, and was a member and chairman (from 1958) of the central board from 1954 to 1966. He chaired the Norwegian Equestrian Federation from 1976 to 1982, Dyrenes Beskyttelse from 1982 to 1986 and was a vice president in Norges Dyrebeskyttelsesforbund from 1984 to 1988. He was also involved in the Norwegian Red Cross and Rotary, and was a member of Stange municipal council from 1972 to 1983. He was chosen as leader of the local Conservative Party branch in 1993.

Gjestvang was decorated with the Defence Medal 1940–1945 in 1945, the Order of the Dannebrog in 1963, the *Forsvarsmedaljen* in 1983 and the HM The King's Medal of Merit in 1995. He was an honorary member of the Norwegian Veterinary Association from 1977 as well as its Swedish and Finnish counterparts from 1965 and 1977 respectively. He died in January 2002.


title: HMS Ruby (1776)

abstract: HMS Ruby was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 26 November 1776 at Woolwich. She was converted to serve as a receiving ship in 1813 and was broken up in 1821.

text:
# HMS Ruby (1776)

**HMS *Ruby*** was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 26 November 1776 at Woolwich. She was converted to serve as a receiving ship in 1813 and was broken up in 1821.

## Service history

The British ships *Ruby*, Captain Michael John Everitt, *Aeolus* (or *Eolus*), 32, and the sloop *Jamaica*, 18, were cruising off Hayti, when on 2 June 1779, in the Bay of Gonave, they fell in with the 36-gun French frigate *Prudente*, Captain d'Escars. *Ruby* chased *Prudente* for some hours and was much annoyed by the well-directed fire of the enemy's stern-chasers, by which Captain Everitt and a sailor lost their lives. When within easy range of *Prudente*, at about sunset, *Ruby* compelled her to strike, with the loss of two killed and three wounded. The British Navy took *Prudente* into service under the same name.

*Ruby* was at Plymouth on 20 January 1795 and so shared in the proceeds of the detention of the Dutch naval vessels, East Indiamen, and other merchant vessels that were in port on the outbreak of war between Britain and the Netherlands.

*Ruby*, under Captain Henry Edwyn Stanhope, sailed with the first squadron (under Capt John Blankett) to take part in the 1st British Occupation of the Cape, leaving England on 27 February 1795. There she was used on patrols and general duties but saw no action. the Battle of Muizenberg on 7 August 1795 triggered the collapse of the Dutch forces which controlled the Cape of Good Hope at the time.

On 13 July 1800 *Ruby* was escorting a convoy from St Helena to Great Britain when at 45°N 29°W / 45°N 29°W / 45; -29 when she sighted a strange sail that appeared to be a French privateer. Winds were light and next morning *Ruby* sighted the privateer some three miles ahead. *Ruby* was unable to catch the privateer, which made use of sweeps to remain just out of gunshot. Towards evening a breeze came up and *Ruby* succeeded in capturing the privateer at 1a.m. on 15 July.

The privateer was *La Fortune*, of Bordeaux. She was a new vessel, strongly built, fully copper-fastened, and a good sailer. She was on only her second cruise. She had been out a month but had succeeded only in capturing the brig *Fame*, which had been sailing from Sierra Leone to London. *La Fortune* was armed with sixteen 18-pounder guns, four long iron 12-pounder guns, and two 36-pounder brass carronades. She had a complement of 202 men, but she had put 14 on board *Fame* as a prize crew. Captain Solomon Ferris, of *Ruby*, recommended that the Navy acquire *La Fortune*.

On 25 June 1807, Tsar Alexander I and Napoleon entered an accord at Tilsit, one of the secret clauses of which entailed the joint seizure of the Portuguese fleet. This led Napoleon to send a large army into Portugal in October 1807, with a demand that Portugal should detain all British ships and sequester British property. This led to the departure of a Naval Squadron under Sir Sidney Smith to blockade the Tagus estuary. The squadron consisted of the Hibernia (120 guns), the London (98), the Foudroyant (80) and Elizabeth, Conqueror, Marlborough, Monarch, Plantagenet and Bedford (all78s). On arrival Smith arranged for the Portuguese Royal Family, all the serviceable Portuguese fleet and 20 armed merchantmen to leave for Brazil, which they did on 29 October. Smith and his squadron accompanied them part of the way, leaving Marlborough, London, Monarch and Bedford to escort the fleet to Brazil. On 30 October a Russian squadron under Admiral Seniavin entered Lisbon, where they became blockaded by the return of Smith's squadron. A few days after the Tsar's hostile declaration became known in London, five ships left Portsmouth to reinforce the blockade. These were the Ganges Defence and Alfred (74s) and Ruby and Agamemnon (64s). On arrival at the Tagus they enabled the Foudroyant, Conqueror and Plantagenet to leave for Cadiz. The blockade continued for some time, as evidenced by this extract from a letter written by a seaman, John Williams, on board HMS Ruby off Lisbon in June 1808 : "We are at present at anchor at the mouth of the harbour in sight of our Enemies. We are in sight of all of their Shipping with a naked eye there is of them 13 Saile of the Line of Battle Ships & 25 Sloops and Brigs of War all the Gun Boats we do not know the number of them. We are only 10 Saile of the Line and 2 Frigates 2 Sloops and Brigs. There is very heavy Batteries which the French has got the possession of them one of them has mounted as many heavy guns as there is Days in a year. We expect orders to go in Every Day So Dear Brother Remember me in your prayer." All seems to have gone well, since on 15 October 1808 John Williams again wrote home from HMS Ruby at Spithead.

* Lavery, Brian (2003) *The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850.* Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.

## InfoBox

| *Ruby* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Ruby* |
| Ordered | 30 November 1769 |
| Builder | Woolwich Dockyard |
| Laid down | 9 September 1772 |
| Launched | 26 November 1776 |
| Fate | Broken up, 1821 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Intrepid*-class ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 1369 (bm) |
| Length | 159 ft 6 in (48.62 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam | 44 ft 4 in (13.51 m) |
| Depth of hold | 19 ft (5.8 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament | * Gundeck: 26 × 24-pounder guns * Upper gundeck: 26 × 18-pounder guns * QD: 10 × 4-pounder guns * Fc: 2 × 9-pounder guns |


title: Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31

abstract: The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Jefferson County in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

text:
# Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31

The **Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31** are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Jefferson County in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

## Geography

State Game Lands Number 31 is located in Knox, McCalmont and Oliver Townships in Jefferson County. Nearby communities include unincorporated communities Adrian Mines, Anita, Battle Hollow, Coolspring, Cortez, Coulter, Crawfordtown, East Branch, Frostburg, Fuller, Green Valley, Knox Dale, Markton, Meredith, Oliveburg, Panic, Ramsaytown and Tait.

Highways passing nearby SGL 31 include Interstate 80, U.S. Routes 119 and 322, and Pennsylvania Routes 28, 36, 210, 310, 436, 536 and 950.

SGL 31 is drained by Clutch Run, Hadden Run, Hickock Run, Indiancamp Run, and Middle Branch Little Sandy Creek, all tributaries of Little Sandy Creek, which leads to Redbank Creek, part of the Allegheny River watershed.

Other nearby protected areas in Pennsylvania within 30 miles (48 km) include Allegheny National Forest, Clear Creek State Park, Cook Forest State Park, Parker Dam State Park and S. B. Elliott State Park as well as Pennsylvania State Game Lands Numbers 24, 28, 44, 54, 63, 72, 77, 87, 90, 105, 120, 137, 174, 185, 195, 244, 248, 262, 266, 283, 287, 320, 330, 331.

## Statistics

SGL 31 was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on 2 August 1979 as identification number 1188510. Elevations range from 1,340 feet (410 m) to 2,046 feet (624 m), located on a single parcel at 41°2′17″N 79°1′5″W / 41.03806°N 79.01806°W / 41.03806; -79.01806.

## Biology

Hunting and trapping species include bear *(Ursus americanus)*, deer *(Odocoileus virginanus)*, pheasant *(Phasianus colchicus)* and turkey *(Meleagris vison)*.

Pennsylvania State Game Lands

## InfoBox

| Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31 | |
| --- | --- |
| Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 31 (the United States) | |
| Location | Jefferson County |
| Coordinates | 41°2′28″N 79°1′5″W / 41.04111°N 79.01806°W / 41.04111; -79.01806 |
| Area | 5,175.63 acres (2,094.50 ha) |
| Elevation | 1,824 feet (556 m) |
| Max. elevation | 2,046 feet (624 m) |
| Min. elevation | 1,340 feet (410 m) |
| Owner | Pennsylvania Game Commission |
| Website | Pennsylvania State Game Lands |


title: Pershagen

abstract: Pershagen is a locality situated in Södertälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 2,216 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Pershagen

**Pershagen** is a locality situated in Södertälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 2,216 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Pershagen | |
| --- | --- |
| Pershagen | |
| PershagenPershagenPershagen | |
| Coordinates: 59°10′N 17°39′E / 59.167°N 17.650°E / 59.167; 17.650 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Södermanland |
| County | Stockholm County |
| Municipality | Södertälje Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.93 km2 (0.36 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2020) | |
| Total | 2,200 |
| Density | 2,400/km2 (6,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Personnel recovery

abstract:
The United States Armed Forces, in Joint Publication 3-50 Personnel Recovery, defines personnel recovery as "the sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and
execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel." The Joint Personnel Recovery Agency is the Chairman's Controlled Activity and is designated as DoD's office of primary responsibility for DoD-wide personnel recovery (PR) matters, less policy. The European Personnel Recovery Centre facilitates the harmonisation of personnel recovery policy, doctrine and standards through clear lines of communications with partners stakeholders.

text:
# Personnel recovery

The United States Armed Forces, in Joint Publication 3-50 Personnel Recovery, defines **personnel recovery** as "the sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel."

The Joint Personnel Recovery Agency is the Chairman's Controlled Activity and is designated as DoD's office of primary responsibility for DoD-wide personnel recovery (PR) matters, less policy.

The European Personnel Recovery Centre facilitates the harmonisation of personnel recovery policy, doctrine and standards through clear lines of communications with partners stakeholders (nations and international organizations).

## The five PR execution tasks

1. Report: Begins with the recognition of an isolating event. It must be both timely and accurate.
2. Locate: Involves the effort to find and authenticate isolated personnel. Accurate position and positive ID are generally required prior to committing forces.
3. Support: Involves support for isolated personnel and their families. It can include establishing two-way communications, dropping supplies, or suppressing enemy threats.
4. Recover: Involves coordinated actions of commanders and staffs, recovery forces and the isolated individual.
5. Reintegrate: The primary consideration is the physical and mental health of the recovered personnel.


title: Pepsi Grand Slam

abstract: The Pepsi Grand Slam of Tennis was a men's tennis tournament played as part of the Grand Prix circuit from 1976–1981. The tournament was played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1976 and Boca Raton, Florida from 1977–1981. It was held on outdoor clay courts and featured a field of four players, winners of semi-finals played in the final, losers a consolation match. The tournament's official name was the "Pepsi-Cola Grand Slam of Tennis," and was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola who also sponsored a "mobile tennis program" and a worldwide junior tournament circuit. CBS Sports broadcast the matches as part of its tennis coverage.

text:
# Pepsi Grand Slam

The **Pepsi Grand Slam of Tennis** was a men's tennis tournament played as part of the Grand Prix circuit from 1976–1981. The tournament was played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1976 and Boca Raton, Florida from 1977–1981. It was held on outdoor clay courts and featured a field of four players, winners of semi-finals played in the final, losers a consolation match.

The tournament's official name was the "Pepsi-Cola Grand Slam of Tennis," and was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola who also sponsored a "mobile tennis program" (youth instruction) and a worldwide junior tournament circuit. CBS Sports broadcast the matches as part of its tennis coverage.

## Results

### Singles champions

| Location | Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Myrtle Beach | 1976 | Ilie Năstase | Manuel Orantes | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Boca Raton | 1977 | Björn Borg | Jimmy Connors | 6–4, 5–7, 6–3 |
| | 1978 | Björn Borg | Jimmy Connors | 7–6(7–1), 3–6, 6–1 |
| | 1979 | Björn Borg | Jimmy Connors | 6–2, 6–3 |
| | 1980 | Björn Borg | Vitas Gerulaitis | 6–1, 5–7, 6–1 |
| | 1981 | John McEnroe | Guillermo Vilas | 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 6–0 |

## InfoBox

| Pepsi Grand Slam | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct tennis tournament | |
| Tour | Grand Prix circuit |
| Founded | 1976 |
| Abolished | 1981 |
| Editions | 6 |
| Location | Myrtle Beach, SC, USA (1976)
Boca Raton, FL, USA (1977–81) |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |


title: Pepsi Invaders

abstract: Pepsi Invaders is a non-commercially released 1983 fixed shooter video game developed by Atari, Inc. for the Atari 2600. It was commissioned by The Coca-Cola Company to be handed out to salespeople at their 1983 sales convention. A reskin of the system's version of Space Invaders, the player shoots down a flying formation of letters spelling "PEPSI", Coca-Cola's long-time rival. Only 125 copies were distributed.

text:
# Pepsi Invaders

***Pepsi Invaders*** (erroneously identified as ***Coke Wins*** and ***Coke Invaders***) is a non-commercially released 1983 fixed shooter video game developed by Atari, Inc. for the Atari 2600. It was commissioned by The Coca-Cola Company to be handed out to salespeople at their 1983 sales convention. A reskin of the system's version of *Space Invaders*, the player shoots down a flying formation of letters spelling "PEPSI", Coca-Cola's long-time rival. Only 125 copies were distributed.

## Gameplay

The game is a modification of *Space Invaders*, with nearly identical gameplay, but with a number of tweaks. Instead of having limited lives and no time limit as in the original, *Pepsi Invaders* has unlimited lives and a three-minute time limit to complete as many waves of enemies as possible. If any invaders successfully traverse the lowest row, instead of the formation dropping to the ground and ending the game, it merely moves left and right until all the lowest row invaders are destroyed. It is therefore impossible to lose the game.

Primary graphic changes affected the invaders, each row of which consists of the letters "**P** **E** **P** **S** **I**" followed by a single alien, instead of the original six aliens per row. The letters move up and down as they march but do not otherwise animate. The UFO was changed to look like a flattened Pepsi logo in brand colors. A timer was added, displayed on the ground, which itself has been changed to a Coca-Cola-like brown color. An additional band of the same color frames the score at the top, with the word "COKE" prominently displayed to the left of the score. The player cannon now features two bands of the same brown color.

During the last 10 seconds, the timer and cannon limit indicators blink. When the time runs out, all invaders and UFOs disappear, the score changes to the word "WINS" (thus making the row read "COKE WINS!"), and the player cannon and all texts flash rapidly. The player's final score can be seen in the attract mode after the game ends.

## Development

*Pepsi Invaders* was commissioned by The Coca-Cola Company to be handed out to 125 executives at their 1983 sales convention along with an Atari 2600 console. It was developed by Atari, Inc. as a modification of the original *Space Invaders* cartridge. Due to the original *Space Invaders* Atari 2600 developer Rick Maurer leaving Atari over payment issues, Atari tasked designer Christopher Omarzu with hacking the original.

The game was delivered as a black cartridge with no label, in a plain white box with an "Atari goes better with Coke" sticker on the cover. The intent was to boost the morale of Coca-Cola's employees, but most of the cartridges were discarded by their recipients. *Pepsi Invaders* has been mistakenly labelled *Coke Wins* and *Coke Invaders*, to the confusion of Omarzu.

## Legacy

Writer Matthew S. Eastin notes it as an early example of an advergame–an advertisement game–and discussed how it was more an attack on a competitor than an advertisement by the company who had it made. *The Guardian* included it in its list of the best product placement video games, similarly noting it as an early example of this and a "mischievous" marketing attempt. *PC Format* felt the marketing was smart, comparing it to *The Apprentice*. *Retro Gamer* was critical of *Pepsi Invaders* due to the letters not moving downward as the ships do in *Space Invaders*.

Copies of the game have sold for up to US$1,825 on eBay.

## InfoBox

| Pepsi Invaders | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Atari, Inc. |
| Publisher(s) | The Coca-Cola Company |
| Programmer(s) | Christopher Omarzu |
| Platform(s) | Atari 2600 |
| Release | 1983 |
| Genre(s) | Fixed shooter |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: L.E.S. Artistes

abstract: "L.E.S. Artistes" is the second single by American artist Santigold, and along with "Creator", the first to be taken from her self-titled debut Santogold.

text:
# L.E.S. Artistes

"**L.E.S. Artistes**" is the second single by American artist Santigold (known then as *Santogold*), and along with "Creator", the first to be taken from her self-titled debut *Santogold* (see 2008 in music).

## Background

"L.E.S. Artistes" was written after Santi White moved to New York City. The song "is playing on the fact that everyone tries to make things fancy and it's really pretentious" and "about being accosted by the New York scene and the scenesters and hipsters, who are really not artists and are just pretending to be. They're all about just being seen." The title stands for New York's Lower East Side. "It's not a French thing," White stated in an interview with PopJustice. On MTV's FNMTV, Santigold stated that the title literally meant Lower East Side Artists.

A custom edit of the XXXChange Mix appears in "Grid", a Mark Romanek directed computer-animated commercial for Ford Flex that began running nationally in June 2008.

Curtis Santiago recently did a remix of this song featuring Kevvy Mental of the band Fake Shark - Real Zombie! for a mix tape produced by Mickey Fax.

The song also appears in the video games Band Hero and EA Sports' NHL 08. It also appears in the 2009 comedy 17 Again and the season 3 episode of The Mindy Project 'Best Man'.

This song was in the book *1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die*.

## Release and reception

The single's first commercial release was via the US iTunes Store on March 25, 2008, as a joint single with "Creator". It was released as the b-side to "Creator" through a limited edition 12" vinyl in January 2008, before receiving a full release on May 5. The XXXChange remix was also released. "L.E.S. Artistes" was featured as iTunes' Discovery Download for the week of April 28. The song has received heavy radio play in the UK and was on Radio 1's B List,.

The song was featured on the soundtrack for the video game *NHL 08*, which was released in September 2007. The song was also featured on MTV reality show, *The Hills* and has been used twice on 90210. The song appeared in and was featured on the soundtrack of the 2009 movie *17 Again*. The song is also used in the advertisement of Blackberry Pearl 3G models.

*Rolling Stone* said that the track sounds like a "Cars/Strokes mash-up" and that "the lyrics blast pretentious downtowners, but the taut guitars epitomize New York hipness.". Drowned in Sound noted that the song is "a slow-burning gem of palm-muted guitar chords." *The Denver Post* praised the "understated, Police-style guitars that drive" the song, calling them "almost hypnotic, especially with White's intoxicating mezzo-soprano yelping along."

*Rolling Stone* placed *L.E.S. Artistes* at #2 on *Singles of the Year*, *McSweeney's* listed as one of its "favorite songs of 2008", and *Pitchfork Media* ranked it #4 at *The 100 Best Tracks of 2008* and at #151 on its "Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s." *Rolling Stone* also ranked it as the #69 song of the 2000s. In October 2011, *NME* placed it at number 121 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".

## Music video

The music video, directed by Nima Nourizadeh and shot by director of photography Adam Frisch, is an homage to the film *The Holy Mountain*. *Rolling Stone* placed the music video at number four on their bi-weekly Hot List. The video received attention after it was praised by Kanye West on his blog.

The video starts with Santigold in a forest, singing on top of a black horse, while two similar looking women in sunglasses stand at her side and occasionally strike poses. The forest scene ends up with a light snow, following to a scene on a seemingly peaceful street/block. Santigold releases her black horse. People are simultaneously dying, but the gruesome things are replaced with various items: green hot dogs instead of intestines, paint instead of blood, being shot with paintballs rather than bullets. Santigold comes walking down the streets, without dying herself. The video ends with Santigold atop her black horse with her eyes closed.

## Track listing

* **U.S. digital download**

1. Creator  3:32
2. L.E.S. Artistes  3:43

1. L.E.S. Artistes  3:24
2. L.E.S. Artistes (XXXChange Remix)  4:20
3. L.E.S. Artistes (Switch Remix)  5:15
4. L.E.S. Artistes (Instrumental)  3:45

* **UK CD single** (ATUK078CD)

1. L.E.S. Artistes  3:24
2. L.E.S. Artistes (Video)  3:24

* **UK 7" vinyl** (ATUK078)

1. L.E.S. Artistes  3:24
2. Your Voice  4:00

1. L.E.S. Artistes (Switch Remix)  5:15
2. L.E.S. Artistes (XXXChange Remix)  4:20
3. L.E.S. Artistes (Herve Edit)  6:08

## Official versions and remixes

* Original Version — 3:43
* Album Version/Radio Edit — 3:24
* Instrumental — 3:45
* Grahm Zilla Remix — 4:26
* Hervé Edit — 6:08
* Switch Remix — 5:15
* XXXChange Remix — 4:20
* XXXChange Remix feat. Mavado — 3:50 (appears on *Top Ranking*)

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States | March 25, 2008 |  |
| United Kingdom | May 5, 2008 | Regular |
| | August 5, 2008 | Digital maxi single |

## Chart positions

"L.E.S. Artistes" entered the UK Singles Chart at number fifty-one on May 4, 2008. The single rose to number thirty-seven and then a week later climbed to its peak of twenty-seven. It entered *Billboard'*s Hot Modern Rock Tracks at number forty in August 2008, and rose four places the following week.

| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 15 |
| European Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 87 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 27 |
| US Alternative Airplay (*Billboard*) | 36 |
|

## Other versions

## InfoBox

| "L.E.S. Artistes" | |
| --- | --- |
| UK cover | |
| Single by Santigold | |
| from the album  *Santogold* | |
| A-side | "Creator" |
| Released | March 25, 2008 (2008-03-25) |
| Genre | Indie pop, new wave |
| Length | 3:43 (original)
3:24 (album version) |
| Label | Downtown Records (US)
Atlantic Records (UK) |
| Songwriter(s) | Santi White, John Hill |
| Producer(s) | Jonnie "Most" Davis, John Hill, Santigold |
| Santigold singles chronology | |
| "Creator"
(2008) "**L.E.S. Artistes**"
(2008) "Lights Out"
(2008) | |


title: Gresten

abstract: Gresten is a municipality in the district of Scheibbs in Lower Austria, Austria.

text:
# Gresten

**Gresten** is a municipality in the district of Scheibbs in Lower Austria, Austria.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1971 | 1,639 |  |
| 1981 | 1,823 | +11.2% |
| 1991 | 1,889 | +3.6% |
| 2001 | 1,946 | +3.0% |

## InfoBox

| Gresten | |
| --- | --- |
| Town hall | |
|  | |
| GrestenLocation within AustriaGrestenLocation within Lower Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°59′00″N 15°01′00″E / 47.98333°N 15.01667°E / 47.98333; 15.01667 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Lower Austria |
| District | Scheibbs |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Harald Gnadenberger (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.83 km2 (1.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 407 m (1,335 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,987 |
| Density | 520/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 3264 |
| Area code | 07487 |
| Vehicle registration | SB |
| Website | https://gresten.gv.at/ |


abstract: Ward 4 LLC privately funds a space in Milwaukee, Wisconsin for startup accelerators and co-working. It is currently located in the John Pritzlaff Hardware Company Building. The 12,000 square foot space for Ward 4 is privately funded by Milwaukee County executive Chris Abele and is considered a second step for his venture investment group, CSA Partners LLC to "spur economic development" through creation of a space for early-stage companies to meet. Desk and office space are leased through membership. Current tenants include CSA Partners LLC, Quarles & Brady, public relations/lobbying group The Firm LLC, Gener8tor, DevCodeCamp, and BrightCellars.

text:
# Ward 4 (Milwaukee, WI startup accelerator space)

**Ward 4** LLC privately funds a space in Milwaukee, Wisconsin for startup accelerators and co-working. It is currently located in the John Pritzlaff Hardware Company Building.

The 12,000 square foot space for Ward 4 is privately funded by Milwaukee County executive Chris Abele and is considered a second step for his venture investment group, CSA Partners LLC to "spur economic development" through creation of a space for early-stage companies to meet. Desk and office space are leased through membership.

Current tenants include CSA Partners LLC, Quarles & Brady, public relations/lobbying group The Firm LLC, Gener8tor, DevCodeCamp, and BrightCellars.


title: Mielżyński

abstract: The House of Mielżyński is the name of one of Poland's oldest noble families. They used the Nowina coat of arms.

text:
# Mielżyński

The **House of Mielżyński** (Polish pronunciation: \[mʲɛlˈʐɨɲskʲi\]) is the name of one of Poland's oldest noble families. They used the Nowina coat of arms.

## History

Reference to the family's founder, Jan z Mielżyn, first appeared in the late 14th century. The family bares the arms of the house of Nowina thereby claiming ties to Stanislaus of Szczepanów. The Mielżyńskis evolved into a significant and consistent presence in Polish politics until the end of the 20th century. As Greater Poland's wealthiest family they became patrons of the arts. Their estates included over 20,000 hectares and the palaces of Pawłowice and Iwno prior to WWII.

As magnates and members of the szlachta, they built dynastic connections to the royal houses of Europe through marriage. Anna Miełżyńska (1600-1640) was the grandmother of Catherine Opalinska, the queen consort of King Stanislaus Leszczynski of Poland. She was the great-grandmother of Maria Leszczynska, the queen consort of Louis XV of France. The connection through Anna Miełżyńska was extensive for the Mielżyńskis, linking a Polish family to the blood lineages of the House of Bourbon; thereby the thrones of France and modern Spain.

On 19 September 1786, Maxymilian Antoni Jan Mielżyński obtained the hereditary title of Count (hr. Mielzynski h. Nowina) from King Frederick William II of Prussia. His sons, Stanisław Kostka and Mikołaj, appeared in the 1824 list of persons authorized to bear the title of Count in the Kingdom of Poland. Josef (1765–1824; son of Maceij by his wife Seweryna Lipska) obtained the hereditary title of Count from King Frederick William III of Prussia on 12 July 1817 (L.P. 20 January 1818). The family used the German style "von" interchangeably with Polish style "hr." to denote the hereditary title of Count. The modern Mielżyński line descended from Maxymilian exists today with branches in America. The family lineage was last published in "Ruvigny's Titled Nobility of Europe" in 1980.