title: Indianapolis Inferno

abstract: The Indianapolis Inferno was a Tier III Junior B ice hockey team located in Indianapolis, Indiana. The team was a member of the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League. The team played their home games at the 1,200-seat Pan American Arena at the Pan Am Plaza in downtown Indianapolis. The league switched to inline hockey in 2012 and the team never joined a new league.

text:
# Indianapolis Inferno

The **Indianapolis Inferno** was a Tier III Junior B ice hockey team located in Indianapolis, Indiana. The team was a member of the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League. The team played their home games at the 1,200-seat Pan American Arena at the Pan Am Plaza in downtown Indianapolis. The league switched to inline hockey in 2012 and the team never joined a new league.

## History

The franchise was previously known as the **Danville Inferno** and played at the David S. Palmer Arena in Danville, Illinois. By the beginning of the 2010–11 season the Inferno had over 20 alumni playing in either Tier III Jr. A or higher levels as well as playing in college from the NCAA D-3 to ACHA D-2 levels.

## Regular season records

| Season | GP | W | L | OTL | PTS | GF | GA | PIM | Finish |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008-09 | 42 | 19 | 19 | 3 | 42 | 120 | 157 | 694 | 6th, league Division |
| 2009-10 | 48 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 135 | 429 | 992 | last, league |
|

## Playoff records

| Season | GP | W | L | OTL | GF | GA | PIM | Finish |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 25 | lost in 1st round |
|

## InfoBox

| Indianapolis Inferno | |
| --- | --- |
| City | Indianapolis, Indiana |
| League | GLJHL |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Home arena | Pan American Arena |
| Colors | Gold, Black, Red<br> |
| Owner(s) | Cameron and Jamie Estes |
| Head coach | Rocky Trottier |
| Franchise history | |
| 2008–2010 | Danville Inferno |
| 2010–2012 | **Indianapolis Inferno** |


title: HMS Guinea (1649)

abstract: Guinea was a 38-gun fourth rate vessel of the Kingdom of England, Her initial commission was as a Royalist vessel during the English Civil War named Charles. She was captured then commissioned into the Parliamentary Naval Force as Guinea. During the First Anglo-Dutch War she partook in the Battle of Kentish Knock, the Battle of Portland and the Battle of The Gabbard. During the Second Anglo-Dutch War she participated in the Battle of Lowestoft, the Battle of Vagen and the St James Day Fight. She was sold on 27 November 1667. Guinea was the only named vessel in the English or Royal Navy. Charles was the fourth named vessel since it was used for a 16-gun pinnace, built at Woolwich and sold in 1616.

text:
# HMS Guinea (1649)

***Guinea*** was a 38-gun fourth rate vessel of the Kingdom of England, Her initial commission was as a Royalist vessel during the English Civil War named Charles. She was captured then commissioned into the Parliamentary Naval Force as *Guinea*. During the First Anglo-Dutch War she partook in the Battle of Kentish Knock, the Battle of Portland and the Battle of The Gabbard. During the Second Anglo-Dutch War she participated in the Battle of Lowestoft, the Battle of Vagen and the St James Day Fight. She was sold on 27 November 1667.

*Guinea* was the only named vessel in the English or Royal Navy.

*Charles* was the fourth named vessel since it was used for a 16-gun pinnace, built at Woolwich and sold in 1616.

## Specifications

She was purchased by the Royalists in 1648, then captured by the Parliamentarians in 1649. Her dimensions were 90 feet 0 inches (27.4 metres) keel for tonnage with a breadth of 28 feet 0 inches (8.5 metres) and a depth of hold of 11 feet 4 inches (3.5 metres). Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 375+3094 tons. Her draught was 15 feet 0 inches (4.6 metres).

Her gun armament in 1648 was 38 guns. When captured she was equipped with 30 guns then increased to 34 guns by 1653. In 1666 her armament was 38 (wartime)/32 (peacetime) and consisted of ten culverins, ten demi-culverines, eighteen sakers. Her manning was 140 personnel and rose to 150/120/100 personnel.

## Commissioned service

### Service in the English Civil War and Commonwealth Navy

She was commissioned as *Charles* into Royalist Navy under Captain Thomas Allin in 1648 to serve with Prince Rupert's squadron at Kinsale, Ireland. She was captured in Irish Waters on 25 April 1649 by *Constant Warwick* and *Leopard*. On 4 May 1649 she was ordered to be taken into the Parliamentary Naval Force. She was commissioned as *Guinea* into the Parliamentary Navy in 1649 under the command of Captain Thomas Thorowgood for the blockade of Kinsale. In 1650 she was under Captain Walter Wood for service on the Irish coast. She sailed with Penn's squadron to the Azores on 30 November 1650 then she went on to the Mediterranean. She was involved in the Scilly operations in 1651. Later in 1651 under the command of Captain Edmund Curtis she sailed to Virginia.

#### First Anglo-Dutch War

During the First Anglo-Dutch War she partook in the Battle of Kentish Knock as a member of Robert Blake's Fleet on 28 September 1652. She followed that with the Battle of Portland on 18 February 1653. As a member of Red Squadron, Rear Division she took part in the Battle of the Gabbard on 2–3 June 1653. On 31 July 1653 she participated in the Battle of Scheveningen off Texel as a member Red Squadron, Rear Division. She spent the winter of 1653/54 under the command of Captain George Acklam at Portsmouth.

In 1654 she came under the command of Jonathan Barnes followed by Captain Giles Shelley in 1656 for service with Robert Blakes Fleet until July 1656 then spent time in the English Channel. Captain Jeffrey Pearce was her commander in 1658. She was repaired at Portsmouth under the guidance of Master Shipwright John Tippetts for £646 between September 1659 and April 1660.

### Service after the Restoration May 1660

Captain Hugh Hide was in command from 26 February 1664 to 30 January 1665. Captain Andrew Ashford took over the next day on 31 January and held command until 26 February 1665.

#### Second Anglo-Dutch War

On 19 May 1665 Captain James Ableson took command. She was at the Battle of Lowestoft as a member of Red Squadron, Van Division on 3 June 1665. Captain Ableson was killed during the battle. On 11 June 1665 Captain Joseph Sanders took command. She was at the Battle of Vagen (at Bergen, Norway) on 3 August 1665. On 8 August 1665 she was under the command of Captain Thomas Roome Coyle. She was in action during 3/4 September 1665. Captain William Coleman relieved Captain Coyle on 2 June 1666 and he in turn was relieved of command on 12 June 1666 by Captain Arthur Ashby. She was at the Battle of Orfordness as a member of White Squadron, Van Division on 25 July 1666 where Ashby was mortally wounded, dying on 15 August.

On 16 August 1666 she was under Captain Sir John Berry for an expedition to Lisbon. Captain William Davis took command on 2 November 1666 and died 21 November 1666. She was paid off in November 1667.

## Disposition

*Guinea* was sold on 27 November 1667.

## Citations

1. Winfield 8
2. Colledge Guinea
3. Colledge Charles
4. Winfield 8
5. Lavery, page 100
6. Lavery, page 101
7. Lavery, page 102
8. Winfield 8
9. Winfield 8
10. Winfield 1
11. Winfield 2
12. Winfield 3
13. Winfield 4
14. Winfield 8
15. Winfield 8
16. Winfield 8
17. Winfield 5
18. Winfield 6
19. Winfield 7
20. Winfield 8
21. Winfield 8
22. Winfield 8
* British Warships in the Age of Sail (1603 – 1714), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © Rif Winfield 2009, EPUB ISBN 978-1-78346-924-6:

1. Fleet Actions, 1.3 Battle of Kentish Knock
2. Fleet Actions, 1.5 Battle off Portland (the Three Days' Battle)
3. Fleet Actions, 1.6 Battle of the Gabbard
4. Fleet Actions, 1.8 Battle of Scheveningen (off Texel)
5. Fleet Actions, 3.1 Battle of Lowestoft
6. Fleet Actions, 3.2 Battle of Vagen (Bergen, Norway)
7. Fleet Actions, 3.4 Battle of Orfordness (the St James Day Battle)
8. Chapter 4 Fourth Rates - 'Small Ships', Vessels acquired from 25 March 1603, Ex-Royalist Prizes (1649-52), Guinea

* Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. Colledge, revised and updated by Lt-Cdr Ben Warlow and Steve Bush, published by Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley, Great Britain, © the estate of J.J. Colledge, Ben Warlow and Steve Bush 2020, EPUB ISBN 978-1-5267-9328-7, Section C (Charles), Section G (Guinea)
* The Arming and Fitting of English Ships of War 1800 – 1815, by Brian Lavery, published by US Naval Institute Press © Brian Lavery 1989, ISBN 978-0-87021-009-9, Part V Guns, Type of Guns

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Royalist Navy | |
| Name | *Charles* |
| Commissioned | 1648 |
| Captured | 25 April 1649 |
| Fate | Incorporated into Parliament Navy |
| Commonwealth of England | |
| Name | *Guinea* |
| Acquired | 25 April 1649 |
| Commissioned | 1649 |
| Honours and
awards | * Kentish Knock 1652 * Portland 1653 * Gabbard 1653 |
| England | |
| Name | *Guinea* |
| Acquired | 25 April 1649 |
| Commissioned | 1649 |
| Honours and
awards | * Lowestoft 1665 * Vagen 1665 * Orfordness 1667 |
| Fate | Sold 27 November 1667 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | 30-gun fourth rate |
| Tons burthen | 375+3094 bm |
| Length | 90 ft 0 in (27.4 m) keel for tonnage |
| Beam | 28 ft 0 in (8.5 m) |
| Draught | 15 ft 0 in (4.6 m) |
| Depth of hold | 11 ft 4 in (3.5 m) |
| Sail plan | ship-rigged |
| Complement | * 140 in 1652 * 150/120/100 in 1653 |
| Armament | * 30 guns initially * 34 by 1653 * 38/32 in 1666 * 10 × culverins * 10 × demi-culverins * 18 × sakers |


title: John T. Rennie

abstract: John Thomson Rennie (1824-1878) was a Scottish ship-owner who played an important role in the South African shipping business from the mid-nineteenth century, carrying mail, cattle, and passengers. Two of his steamers were sunk in accidents not long after he received them but he continued in business with other ships.

text:
# John T. Rennie

**John Thomson Rennie** (1824-1878) was a Scottish ship-owner who played an important role in the South African shipping business from the mid-nineteenth century, carrying mail, cattle, and passengers. Two of his steamers were sunk in accidents not long after he received them but he continued in business with other ships.

## Early life and family

John Rennie was born in Aberdeen in 1824, the son of George Rennie (d.1860) who owned a shipping business.

He married Isabella Abernethy (1827-1905) and they had nine children, seven of whom survived into adulthood.

## Career

Rennie was destined for a maritime career from an early age, becoming joint owner with his father of the sailing vessel *Sampson* which was registered in his sole name when he was 21.

He established his own business of John T. Rennie in Aberdeen in 1849 but subsequently moved it first to London and then to South Africa. There he transported cattle and had a contract from the Natal government to carry mail. He recognised the advantages of steam power and that coal from Natal's coal fields was cheaper than British coal. He had two steamers built by Scott & Company on the Clyde, the *Madagascar*, and the *Waldensian*.

In 1858 the steamer *Madagascar* was lost after hitting a reef near East London.

In 1862, the *Waldensian* was lost after it ran aground on rocks at Struis Point near Cape Agulhas en route from Durban to Cape Town. There was no loss of life.

In 1874, the *Transvaal* was lost on her maiden trip from London causing 12 deaths.

Rennie eventually lost the contract to transport mails but continued in business in other shipping activities. His name survives in Rennies Ships Agency in South Africa.

## Death

He lived his final years at "Dee Mount" in Aberdeen.

Rennie died on 2 February 1878 and was buried in Nellfield Cemetery in Aberdeen, alongside his father.

## Further reading

* Ingpen, B. & Ingrid Staude-Griesel (Ed.) (2000) *Horizons: The Story of Rennies, 1849-1999*. Johannesburg: Rennies Management Services. ISBN 9780620267595


title: Henry "Crip" Heard

abstract: Henry "Crip" Heard was an American professional dancer who appeared mostly in black vaudeville theaters and nightclubs during the late 1940s and 50s. What distinguished Heard from nearly all his peers was that he was a double amputee, dancing with only one leg and one arm. And lacking a sufficient stump for wearing an artificial leg, he walked using a crutch that he danced both with and without. Born in Memphis, Tennessee, Heard became a professional dancer at around age thirteen. In his late teens or early twenties, he lost his right arm and right leg near his home in Memphis, where a train hit the automobile in which he was riding. In his mid twenties, Heard appeared in the 1949 film Boarding House Blues, a black-cast musical comedy. This film starred Moms Mabley as a struggling boarding house proprietor whose tenants rallied to save their home by putting on a show. The film featured performances by black entertainers including Dusty Fletcher, the Berry Brothers, Lucky Millinder, and Una Mae Carlisle. Heard appeared in a two-minute dance sequence, one of the few surviving video recordings of his work. Heard later appeared on the television series You Asked for It in a four-minute performance, during which he did tap dance, the rumba, and the boogie-woogie. Heard was not the only physically disabled African-American artist, nor even the only one-legged black professional dancer of his time. Clayton "Peg Leg" Bates, for example, had a long career including dancing twice for the King and Queen of England in the 1930s and appearing 19 times on The Ed Sullivan Show during the 1950s and 60s. A 1955 issue of Jet magazine had a photo of Bates and Heard together, "taking to the air with ease, [tossing] aside their peg and crutch to show their agility during a backstage get-together at the Chicago Theater." Heard faced many challenges as he traveled about America performing for audiences during the Jim Crow era. One example came in 1959, when Heard was in Atlanta, Georgia preparing to go to Canada for an Easter engagement; a gunman robbed him of approximately $1,000 in cash and jewelry. In 1960, Heard had a bad fall, possibly as the result of a stroke, breaking several bones. This may have been the end of his professional dance career. He had retired from dancing for a living by 1971, when a newspaper article reported that he was working in a clerical position, driving his own car, living independently at home in Chicago, and interested in helping people with disabilities, although he was still appearing occasionally in nightclubs as late as 1986 when he appeared on a revue on Chicago's south side. Heard asserted that disabled people make great employees, partly because they are eager to work. Critical of the minimally rewarding work available via charitable organizations such as Goodwill Industries, Heard wanted to see more training programs in the private sector, saying that, "There are thousands of perfectly healthy people holding down big paying jobs that could be done as well or better by the handicapped. All they need is the training." Heard was disappointed that the only work serving the disabled community that he could find was as an unpaid volunteer, but he continued with it. In 1975, a Chicago newspaper praised Heard, describing him as, "a clerk in the office of the 34th Ward Bureau of Sanitation, [who] has turned his handicap into an asset. This week he is sponsoring a dinner for handicapped youngsters at Illinois Research hospital." When Heard died in 1991, the Illinois legislature recognized his death. A decade later, the documentary film It's Black Entertainment included Heard among its roster of accomplished African-American dancers, showing the clip of him from Boarding House Blues.

text:
# Henry "Crip" Heard

**Henry "Crip" Heard** (November 11, 1924 – September 11, 1991) was an American professional dancer who appeared mostly in black vaudeville theaters and nightclubs during the late 1940s and 50s. What distinguished Heard from nearly all his peers was that he was a double amputee, dancing with only one leg and one arm. And lacking a sufficient stump for wearing an artificial leg, he walked using a crutch that he danced both with and without.

Born in Memphis, Tennessee, Heard became a professional dancer at around age thirteen. In his late teens or early twenties, he lost his right arm and right leg near his home in Memphis, where a train hit the automobile in which he was riding. In his mid twenties, Heard appeared in the 1949 film *Boarding House Blues*, a black-cast musical comedy. This film starred Moms Mabley as a struggling boarding house proprietor whose tenants rallied to save their home by putting on a show. The film featured performances by black entertainers including Dusty Fletcher, the Berry Brothers, Lucky Millinder, and Una Mae Carlisle. Heard appeared in a two-minute dance sequence, one of the few surviving video recordings of his work. Heard later appeared (possibly in 1951) on the television series *You Asked for It* in a four-minute performance, during which he did tap dance, the rumba, and the boogie-woogie.

Heard was not the only physically disabled African-American artist, nor even the only one-legged black professional dancer of his time. Clayton "Peg Leg" Bates, for example, had a long career including dancing twice for the King and Queen of England in the 1930s and appearing 19 times on *The Ed Sullivan Show* during the 1950s and 60s. A 1955 issue of *Jet* magazine had a photo of Bates and Heard together, "taking to the air with ease, \[tossing\] aside their peg and crutch to show their agility during a backstage get-together at the Chicago Theater."

Heard faced many challenges as he traveled about America performing for audiences during the Jim Crow era. One example came in 1959, when Heard was in Atlanta, Georgia preparing to go to Canada for an Easter engagement; a gunman robbed him of approximately $1,000 in cash and jewelry. In 1960, Heard had a bad fall, possibly as the result of a stroke, breaking several bones. This may have been the end of his professional dance career. He had retired from dancing for a living by 1971, when a newspaper article reported that he was working in a clerical position, driving his own car, living independently at home in Chicago, and interested in helping people with disabilities, although he was still appearing occasionally in nightclubs as late as 1986 when he appeared on a revue on Chicago's south side. Heard asserted that disabled people make great employees, partly because they are eager to work. Critical of the minimally rewarding work available via charitable organizations such as Goodwill Industries, Heard wanted to see more training programs in the private sector, saying that, "There are thousands of perfectly healthy people holding down big paying jobs that could be done as well or better by the handicapped. All they need is the training." Heard was disappointed that the only work serving the disabled community that he could find was as an unpaid volunteer, but he continued with it. In 1975, a Chicago newspaper praised Heard, describing him as, "a clerk in the office of the 34th Ward Bureau of Sanitation, \[who\] has turned his handicap into an asset. This week he is sponsoring a dinner for handicapped youngsters at Illinois Research hospital."

When Heard died in 1991, the Illinois legislature recognized his death. A decade later, the documentary film *It's Black Entertainment* included Heard among its roster of accomplished African-American dancers, showing the clip of him from *Boarding House Blues*.


title: Vehicle tracking system

abstract: A vehicle tracking system combines the use of automatic vehicle location in individual vehicles with software that collects these fleet data for a comprehensive picture of vehicle locations. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Urban public transit authorities are an increasingly common user of vehicle tracking systems, particularly in large cities.

text:
# Vehicle tracking system

A **vehicle tracking system** combines the use of automatic vehicle location in individual vehicles with software that collects these fleet data for a comprehensive picture of vehicle locations. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Urban public transit authorities are an increasingly common user of vehicle tracking systems, particularly in large cities.

## Active versus passive tracking

Several types of vehicle tracking devices exist. Typically they are classified as "passive" and "active". "Passive" devices store GPS location, speed, heading and sometimes a trigger event such as key on/off, door open/closed. Once the vehicle returns to a predetermined point, the device is removed and the data downloaded to a computer for evaluation. Passive systems include auto download type that transfer data via wireless download. "Active" devices also collect the same information but usually transmit the data in near-real-time via cellular or satellite networks to a computer or data center for evaluation.

Many modern vehicle tracking devices combine both active and passive tracking abilities: when a cellular network is available and a tracking device is connected it transmits data to a server; when a network is not available the device stores data in internal memory and will transmit stored data to the server later when the network becomes available again.

Historically, vehicle tracking has been accomplished by installing a box into the vehicle, either self-powered with a battery or wired into the vehicle's power system. For detailed vehicle locating and tracking this is still the predominant method; however, many companies are increasingly interested in the emerging cell phone technologies that provide tracking of multiple entities, such as both a salesperson and their vehicle. These systems also offer tracking of calls, texts, web use and generally provide a wider range of options.

## Typical architecture

Major constituents of the GPS-based tracking are:

1. GPS tracking unit: The device fits into the vehicle and captures the GPS location information apart from other vehicle information at regular intervals to a central server. Other vehicle information can include fuel amount, engine temperature, altitude, reverse geocoding, door open/close, tire pressure, cut off fuel, turn off ignition, turn on headlight, turn on taillight, battery status, GSM area code/cell code decoded, number of GPS satellites in view, glass open/close, fuel amount, emergency button status, cumulative idling, computed odometer, engine RPM, throttle position, GPRS status and a lot more. Capability of these devices actually decide the final capability of the whole tracking system; most vehicle tracking systems, in addition to providing the vehicle's location data, feature a wide range of communication ports that can be used to integrate other onboard systems, allowing to check their status and control or automate their operation.
2. GPS tracking server: The tracking server has three responsibilities: receiving data from the GPS tracking unit, securely storing it, and serving this information on demand to the user.
3. User interface: The UI determines how one will be able to access information, view vehicle data, and elicit important details from it.

## Common uses

Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management functions such as fleet tracking, routing, dispatching, driving behavior, on-board information and security. Some vehicle tracking systems are bundled with or interface with fleet management software. Along with commercial fleet operators, urban transit agencies use the technology for a number of purposes, including monitoring schedule adherence of buses in service, triggering automatic changes of buses' destination sign displays once the vehicle approaches the bus terminus (or other set location along a bus route such as a particular bus stop along the route), and triggering pre-recorded (or even synthetic speech) bus stop, route (and its destination) or service announcements for passengers.

The American Public Transportation Association estimated that, at the beginning of 2009, around half of all transit buses in the United States were already using a GPS-based vehicle tracking system to trigger automated stop announcements. This can refer to external announcements (triggered by the opening of the bus's door) at a bus stop, announcing the vehicle's route number and destination, primarily for the benefit of visually impaired customers, or to internal announcements (to passengers already on board) identifying the next stop, as the bus (or tram) approaches a stop, or both; the latter are often also displayed on an internal LED display or LCD monitor connected to the system while the loudspeakers play them. Data collected as a transit vehicle follows its route is often continuously fed into a computer program which compares the vehicle's actual location and time with its schedule, and in turn produces a frequently updating display for the driver, telling him/her how early or late he/she is at any given time, potentially making it easier to adhere more closely to the published schedule.

Such programs are also used to provide customers with real-time information as to the waiting time until arrival of the next bus or tram/streetcar at a given stop, based on the nearest vehicles' actual progress at the time, rather than merely giving information as to the *scheduled* time of the next arrival. Transit systems providing this kind of information assign a unique number to each stop, and waiting passengers can obtain information by entering the stop number into an automated telephone system or an application on the transit system's website.

Some transit agencies provide a virtual map on their website, with icons depicting the current locations of buses in service on each route, for customers' information, while others provide such information only to dispatchers or other employees.

Other applications include monitoring driving behavior, such as an employer of an employee, or a parent with a teen driver.

Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention, monitoring and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle. When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a traditional car alarm. Some vehicle tracking systems make it possible to control the vehicle remotely, including block doors or engine in case of emergency. The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost, because the loss-risk of the vehicle drops significantly.

Vehicle tracking systems are an integrated part of the "layered approach" to vehicle protection, recommended by the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB) to prevent motor vehicle theft. This approach recommends four layers of security based on the risk factors pertaining to a specific vehicle. Vehicle Tracking Systems are one such layer and are described by the NICB as "very effective" in helping police recover stolen vehicles.

Some vehicle tracking systems integrate several security systems, for example by sending an automatic alert to a phone or email if an alarm is triggered or the vehicle is moved without authorization, or when it leaves or enters a geofence.

Other scenarios in which this technology is employed include:

* Stolen vehicle recovery: Both consumer and commercial vehicles can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking and recovery. In the case of LoJack, the police can activate the truck or car tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals.
* Asset tracking: Companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating status.
* Field service management: Companies with a field service workforce for services such as repair or maintenance, must be able to plan field workers’ time, schedule subsequent customer visits and be able to operate these departments efficiently. Vehicle tracking allows companies to quickly locate a field engineer and dispatch the closest one to meet a new customer request or provide site arrival information.
* Field sales: Mobile sales professionals can access real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar areas, they can locate themselves as well as customers and prospects, get driving directions and add nearby last-minute appointments to itineraries. Benefits include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with customers and prospects.
* Trailer tracking: Haulage and Logistics companies often operate lorries with detachable load carrying units. The part of the vehicle that drives the load is known as the cab and the load carrying unit is known as the trailer. There are different types of trailer used for different applications, e.g., flat bed, refrigerated, curtain sider, box container.
* Surveillance: A tracker may be placed on a vehicle to follow the vehicle's movements.
* Transit tracking: temporary tracking of assets or cargoes from one point to another. Users will ensure that the assets do not stop on route or do a U-Turn in order to ensure the security of the assets.
* Fuel Monitoring: monitor the fuel through tracking device (with help of fuel sensor connected to the device).
* Distance Calculation: calculate the distance travelled by the fleet.
* OBD II – Plug and play interface which provides most engine diagnostics information.

Vehicle tracking systems are widely used worldwide. Components come in various shapes and forms but most use GPS technology and GSM services. Newer Vehicle tracking systems also use the latest NB-IoT technology that can provide low power consumption and optimized data transmission rates. Additionally, these systems may also feature short range data communication systems such as WiFi. While most will offer real-time tracking, others record real time data and store it to be read, in a fashion similar to data loggers. Systems like these track and record and allow reports after certain points have been solved

## Vehicle OBD tracking systems

Vehicle OBD tracking systems make use of OBD GPS trackers that plug into the onboard diagnostic (OBD) port of light, medium, or heavy-duty vehicle. A cellular OBD GPS tracker directly communicates with the cell tower for sending the location and other vehicle performance data to the server over the cellular wireless network. Usually, the tracker device draws power from the OBD port itself and contains a built-in antenna along with a GPS module for receiving the GPS signal. In addition, OBD trackers communicate with the different vehicle subsystems for receiving vehicle diagnostic and fuel consumption related data. Users can view the information using standalone software or web browser from a desktop/laptop computer or using smartphone apps.

## Fleet management tracking

Aside from theft-prevention, the most common use of vehicle tracking is in logistics and transport. These systems make use of GPS(Global Positioning System) and GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) technology to provide precise and constant location telematics to an individual fleet manager. These systems are typically equipped with features to monitor statistics such as; fuel consumption, average speed, current driver time and location. There has been a recent increase in demand for this technology as EU regulations place increased restrictions on the hours driver are allowed to work in a given day. It is currently limited to 9 hours per day. Companies are legally obligated to install a tachograph in any vehicle that is expected to carry goods. This obligation has led many to attempt to cauterize this potentially onerous obligation, instead turning it into a benefit. Fleet management systems use GPS & GSM technology. Much like other forms of trackers, although due to their nature they are equipped with more thorough diagnostic features.

Other uses such as *Trailer Tracking, Fuel Monitoring, Distance Calculation, Asset Tracking,* and *Field Sales* can all be incorporated into a fleet management solution.

## Unconventional uses

Industries not traditionally known to use vehicle tracking systems (logistics and transportation industries are the ones that have traditionally incorporated vehicle tracking system into their operations) have started to use it in creative ways to improve their processes or businesses.

The hospitality industry has caught on to this technology to improve customer service. For example, a luxury hotel in Singapore has installed vehicle tracking systems in their limousines to ensure they can welcome their VIPs when they reach the hotel.

Vehicle tracking systems used in food delivery vans may alert if the temperature of the refrigerated compartment moves outside of the range of safe food storage temperatures. Car rental companies are also using it to monitor their rental fleets.


title: Udea psychropa

abstract: Udea psychropa is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.

text:
# Udea psychropa

***Udea psychropa*** is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1958). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. 8 Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea. University of Hawaii Press. hdl:10125/7337.

## InfoBox

| *Udea psychropa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. psychropa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea psychropa***<br>(Meyrick, 1899) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyrausta psychropa* Meyrick, 1899 * *Oeobia psychropa* | |


title: Sadī (crater)

abstract: Sadī is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976, after Persian poet Saadi Shirazi. The northern rim of Sadī is in permanent shadow.

text:
# Sadī (crater)

**Sadī** is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976, after Persian poet Saadi Shirazi.

The northern rim of Sadī is in permanent shadow.

## InfoBox

Sadī
| MESSENGER NAC image. North is to the left. | |
| --- | --- |
| Planet | Mercury |
| Coordinates | 79°14′S 51°16′W / 79.24°S 51.26°W / -79.24; -51.26 |
| Quadrangle | Bach |
| Diameter | 66.54 km |
| Eponym | Saadi Shirazi |


abstract: The men's 10K race at the 2009 World Championships occurred on Wednesday, July 22 at Ostia Beach in Rome, Italy. In total, 48 males from 27 countries were entered in the race.

text:
# Open water swimming at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 km

The **men's 10K** (10 kilometer) race at the 2009 World Championships occurred on Wednesday, July 22 at Ostia Beach in Rome, Italy. In total, 48 males from 27 countries were entered in the race.

## Results

| Rank | Swimmer | Nationality | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Thomas Lurz | Germany | 1:52:06.9 |
|  | Andrew Gemmell | USA | 1:52:08.3 |
|  | Fran Crippen | USA | 1:52:10.7 |
| 4 | Valerio Cleri | Italy | 1:52:11.4 |
| 5 | Brian Ryckeman | Belgium | 1:52:13.1 |
| 6 | Spyridon Gianniotis | Greece | 1:52:13.6 |
| 7 | Francisco Jose Hervas | Spain | 1:52:14.7 |
| 8 | Trent Grimsey | Australia | 1:52:14.8 |
| 9 | Mazen Metwaly | Egypt | 1:52:14.9 |
| 10 | Evgeny Drattsev | Russia | 1:52:15.0 |
| 11 | Luis Escobar | Mexico | 1:52:18.0 |
| 12 | Jakub Fitchl | Czech Republic | 1:52:24.0 |
| 13 | Csaba Gercsák | Hungary | 1:52:28.0 |
| 14 | Arseniy Lavrentyev | Portugal | 1:52:28.2 |
| 15 | Diego Nogueira Montero | Spain | 1:52:37.1 |
| 16 | Antonios Fokaidis | Greece | 1:52:41.3 |
| 17 | Daniel Fogg | Great Britain | 1:52:44.3 |
| 18 | Sergey Bolshakov | Russia | 1:52:44.5 |
| 19 | Ivan Lopez | Mexico | 1:52:45.9 |
| 20 | Julien Codeville | France | 1:52:47.2 |
| 21 | Rhys Mainstone | Australia | 1:52:50.2 |
| 22 | Allan do Carmo | Brazil | 1:52:52.2 |
| 23 | Chad Ho | South Africa | 1:53:13.1 |
| 24 | Bertrand Venturi | France | 1:53:14.5 |
| 25 | Adel El-Behary | Egypt | 1:53:52.1 |
| 26 | Simon Tobin-Daignault | Canada | 1:53:53.9 |
| 27 | Christian Reichert | Germany | 1:54:09.9 |
| 28 | Michael Dmitriev | Israel | 1:54:29.6 |
| 29 | Petar Stoychev | Bulgaria | 1:54:50.8 |
| 30 | Jan Posmourny | Czech Republic | 1:55:17.4 |
| 31 | Ventsislav Aydarski | Bulgaria | 1:55:53.5 |
| 32 | Simone Ercoli | Italy | 1:56:46.3 |
| 33 | Daniel Viegas | Spain | 1:58:21.3 |
| 34 | Craig Hamilton | Great Britain | 1:58:55.7 |
| 35 | Kurt Niehaus | Costa Rica | 1:59:25.0 |
| 36 | Ivan Enderica | Ecuador | 1:59:29.4 |
| 37 | Philippe Dubreuil | Canada | 1:59:38.9 |
| 38 | Marcelo Romanelli Soares | Brazil | 2:00:42.2 |
| 39 | Esteban Enderica | Ecuador | 2:01:48.8 |
| 40 | Josip Soldo | Croatia | 2:08:07.2 |
| 41 | Tomislav Soldo | Croatia | 2:12:19.8 |
| 42 | Juan Prem Biere | Guatemala | 2:20:48.2 |
| -- | Elgun Babayev | Azerbaijan | DNF |
| -- | Ruslan Bolshakov | Azerbaijan | DNF |
| -- | Angel Moreira | Venezuela | DNF |
| -- | Igor Chervynskiy | Ukraine | DQ |
| -- | Igor Snitko | Ukraine | DQ |
| -- | Yvan Hernandez | Venezuela | DQ |

**Key**: DNF = Did not finish, DQ = Disqualified

## Protest over finish

Due to a protest about the race finish, results from the race were delayed a day, until after a meeting on Thursday, July 23, 2009. At issue was the USA's Fran Crippen's finish approach.

On July 23, 2009, it was decided that Crippen's finish approach was legal and he was awarded the bronze medal.

## InfoBox

| Men's 10 km <br>at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Rome |
| Dates | 22 July |
| Competitors | 48 from 27 nations |
|


title: Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

abstract: Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the key causative agents associated with Dutch Elm Disease (DED), along with Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma himal-ulmi. Dutch Elm Disease was first identified in Europe during the early 1900s and by the 1940s the disease had spread throughout Europe and into the United States and Canada. Elm trees (Ulmus) were heavily used as a trade commodity in logging practices in the late 1800s-1900s. Historically, these trees have seen widespread use as a building material in products such as wheels, chairs, ships, and coffins. Wood from Ulmus trees has been favored for building due to the trees' ability to withstand prolonged exposure to water without rotting. The adaptability of this tree along with its multitude of applications for building opened up its demand in trading. It has been determined that Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi have evolved separately from each other in different regions of the world though it has been thought that novo-ulmi has obtained genes from Ophiostoma ulmi making it a more effective pathogen for Elm trees. O. ulmi caused one of the first pandemics of the species, within Europe and North America, between 1910-1940 and caused 10-40% death of genus Ulmus. This pandemic was followed by a second pandemic beginning in the 1940s caused by the O. novo-ulmi species. This pathogen proved to be more invasive and aggressive in comparison to other species associated with the disease. The introduction of O. novo-ulmi is traced back to the logging trade among regions. Logs infected with the pathogen and traded throughout Europe and intercontinentally leading to the spread of the fungus. O. novo-ulmi came in contact with various amounts of highly susceptible host species in Europe, western Asia and North America making it easier to spread Dutch Elm Disease. Bark beetles have become a vector for the fungus to spread among elm tree groves. The bark beetles often carry spores on their bodies. The spores are easily transferred via twig crotches where they obstruct vessels by gums, tyloses, fungal material and foliage wilts, causing the tree to die. These beetles complete an entire life cycle in one elm tree until the tree can no longer support the beetles. Following this young beetles will find healthy trees to inhabit which they infect with spores they carry from the previous elm tree. When the beetles feed on the tree they introduce the fungi to the food and water supply of the tree via the branches connecting to the xylem of the tree, allowing rapid spread throughout the vascular tissue of the tree. Once the fungus has been introduced to the vascular tissue of the tree it spreads rapidly, causing death as a result of the tree's natural immune response. In the xylem vessels the fungus produces yeast-like spores and multicellular filamentous hyphae. This allows for vertical movement in the vessels, then moves laterally to infect neighboring vessels. Logs that contain both the fungi and beetles can transmit the pathogen to native species at much higher rate and cause a greater range for invasion. Furthermore, O. novo-ulmi can also spread from infected trees to healthy trees through root grafts. When the roots of adjacent elm trees come into contact with each other underground, the fungus can move from the infected tree to the healthy tree through these root connections. It can also invade an elm tree through wounds on the bark or branches. This can occur naturally through storms, animal activity, or human interventions such as pruning or other tree care practices. The spores of the fungus can enter the tree through these wounds and establish an infection. Once inside the tree, O. novo-ulmi grows in the water-conducting vessels of the tree, blocking the flow of water and nutrients, which eventually leads to wilting, yellowing of leaves, and tree death. The fungus also produces toxic compounds that further contribute to the damage to the tree's vascular system and overall health. O. novo-ulmi infestation can spread rapidly, causing severe damage and death to susceptible elm trees. Effective management strategies, such as tree removal, pruning, and applications, may be used to control the spread of the disease in affected areas. Early detection and prevention are key in managing Dutch elm disease caused by O. novo-ulmi.

text:
# Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

***Ophiostoma novo-ulmi*** is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the key causative agents associated with Dutch Elm Disease (DED), along with *Ophiostoma ulmi* and *Ophiostoma himal-ulmi*.

Dutch Elm Disease was first identified in Europe during the early 1900s and by the 1940s the disease had spread throughout Europe and into the United States and Canada. Elm trees (*Ulmus*) were heavily used as a trade commodity in logging practices in the late 1800s-1900s. Historically, these trees have seen widespread use as a building material in products such as wheels, chairs, ships, and coffins. Wood from *Ulmus* trees has been favored for building due to the trees' ability to withstand prolonged exposure to water without rotting. The adaptability of this tree along with its multitude of applications for building opened up its demand in trading.

It has been determined that *Ophiostoma ulmi* and *Ophiostoma novo-ulmi* have evolved separately from each other in different regions of the world though it has been thought that *novo-ulmi* has obtained genes from *Ophiostoma ulmi* making it a more effective pathogen for Elm trees.

*O. ulmi* caused one of the first pandemics of the species, within Europe and North America, between 1910-1940 and caused 10-40% death of genus *Ulmus*. This pandemic was followed by a second pandemic beginning in the 1940s caused by the *O. novo-ulmi* species. This pathogen proved to be more invasive and aggressive in comparison to other species associated with the disease. The introduction of *O. novo-ulmi* is traced back to the logging trade among regions. Logs infected with the pathogen and traded throughout Europe and intercontinentally leading to the spread of the fungus. *O. novo-ulmi* came in contact with various amounts of highly susceptible host species in Europe, western Asia and North America making it easier to spread Dutch Elm Disease. Bark beetles have become a vector for the fungus to spread among elm tree groves. The bark beetles often carry spores on their bodies. The spores are easily transferred via twig crotches where they obstruct vessels by gums, tyloses, fungal material and foliage wilts, causing the tree to die. These beetles complete an entire life cycle in one elm tree until the tree can no longer support the beetles. Following this young beetles will find healthy trees to inhabit which they infect with spores they carry from the previous elm tree. When the beetles feed on the tree they introduce the fungi to the food and water supply of the tree via the branches connecting to the xylem of the tree, allowing rapid spread throughout the vascular tissue of the tree.

Once the fungus has been introduced to the vascular tissue of the tree it spreads rapidly, causing death as a result of the tree's natural immune response. In the xylem vessels the fungus produces yeast-like spores and multicellular filamentous hyphae. This allows for vertical movement in the vessels, then moves laterally to infect neighboring vessels. Logs that contain both the fungi and beetles can transmit the pathogen to native species at much higher rate and cause a greater range for invasion. Furthermore, *O. novo-ulmi* can also spread from infected trees to healthy trees through root grafts. When the roots of adjacent elm trees come into contact with each other underground, the fungus can move from the infected tree to the healthy tree through these root connections. It can also invade an elm tree through wounds on the bark or branches. This can occur naturally through storms, animal activity, or human interventions such as pruning or other tree care practices. The spores of the fungus can enter the tree through these wounds and establish an infection. Once inside the tree, *O. novo-ulmi* grows in the water-conducting vessels of the tree, blocking the flow of water and nutrients, which eventually leads to wilting, yellowing of leaves, and tree death. The fungus also produces toxic compounds that further contribute to the damage to the tree's vascular system and overall health.

*O. novo-ulmi* infestation can spread rapidly, causing severe damage and death to susceptible elm trees. Effective management strategies, such as tree removal, pruning, and applications, may be used to control the spread of the disease in affected areas. Early detection and prevention are key in managing Dutch elm disease caused by *O. novo-ulmi.*

## InfoBox

| *Ophiostoma novo-ulmi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Ophiostomatales |
| Family: | Ophiostomataceae |
| Genus: | *Ophiostoma* |
| Species: | ***O. novo-ulmi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ophiostoma novo-ulmi***<br>Brasier | |
|


title: HERPUD1

abstract: Homocysteine-responsive endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HERPUD1 gene. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the ER stress response. This response includes the inhibition of translation to prevent further accumulation of unfolded proteins, the increased expression of proteins involved in polypeptide folding, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the destruction of misfolded proteins by the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. This gene may play a role in both UPR and ERAD. Its expression is induced by UPR and it has an ER stress response element in its promoter region while the encoded protein has an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain which may interact with the ERAD system. This protein has been shown to interact with presenilin proteins and to increase the level of amyloid-beta protein following its overexpression. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms. The full-length nature of all transcript variants has not been determined.

text:
# HERPUD1

**Homocysteine-responsive endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *HERPUD1* gene.

The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the ER stress response. This response includes the inhibition of translation to prevent further accumulation of unfolded proteins, the increased expression of proteins involved in polypeptide folding, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the destruction of misfolded proteins by the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. This gene may play a role in both UPR and ERAD. Its expression is induced by UPR and it has an ER stress response element in its promoter region while the encoded protein has an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain which may interact with the ERAD system. This protein has been shown to interact with presenilin proteins and to increase the level of amyloid-beta protein following its overexpression. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms. The full-length nature of all transcript variants has not been determined.

## Interactions

HERPUD1 has been shown to interact with UBQLN1 and UBQLN2.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| HERPUD1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | HERPUD1, HERP, Mif1, SUP, homocysteine inducible ER protein with ubiquitin like domain 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 608070; MGI: 1927406; HomoloGene: 40973; GeneCards: HERPUD1; OMA:HERPUD1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001010989
NM\_001010990
NM\_001272103
NM\_014685   NM\_022331
NM\_001357205   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001010989
NP\_001259032
NP\_055500
NP\_001259032.1   NP\_071726
NP\_001344134   Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 56.93 – 56.94 Mb Chr 8: 95.11 – 95.12 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Planfließ

abstract: Planfließ is a river of Brandenburg, Germany. It flows into the Großer Treppelsee, which is drained by the Schlaube, near Bremsdorf.

text:
# Planfließ

**Planfließ** is a river of Brandenburg, Germany. It flows into the Großer Treppelsee, which is drained by the Schlaube, near Bremsdorf.

## InfoBox

| Planfließ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| States | Brandenburg |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Großer Treppelsee |
| coordinates | 52°08′38″N 14°27′20″E / 52.1439°N 14.4555°E / 52.1439; 14.4555 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | SchlaubeOder-Spree CanalOderBaltic Sea |


title: Henry "Jullundur" Smith

abstract: Lieutenant colonel Henry Smith, known popularly as Henry “Jullundur” Smith, (1859-1948), was an Irish ophthalmologist who served in the Indian Medical Service (IMS), mostly in Jullundur, Punjab. In 1905 he published a landmark paper titled “Extraction of cataract in the capsule”. Smith's operation, an operation for removing cataracts with the capsule intact, is named for him. A description of Smith is given in Derrick Vail's “The Man With the Cigar” (1973).

text:
# Henry "Jullundur" Smith

Lieutenant colonel **Henry Smith**, known popularly as **Henry “Jullundur” Smith**, (1859-1948), was an Irish ophthalmologist who served in the Indian Medical Service (IMS), mostly in Jullundur, Punjab. In 1905 he published a landmark paper titled “Extraction of cataract in the capsule”. Smith's operation, an operation for removing cataracts with the capsule intact, is named for him. A description of Smith is given in Derrick Vail's “The Man With the Cigar” (1973).

## Early life and education

Henry Smith, also known as Harry, was born in Clogher, County Tyrone in 1859. He attended Queen's College, Galway, from where he graduated with first class honours.

## Career

In 1890 he joined the Indian Medical Service, and was stationed at Amritsar and Jullundur, Punjab, where he became known as "Jullundur Smith", acting as superintendent of the local jail and performing both stone and eye surgery. During the cooler seasons, he could perform up to 100 cataract operations per day. He popularised the intracapsular cataract extraction.

## Later life

In 1921 he retired and remained in India until 1925, when he returned to Clogher, County Tyrone.

## Personal and family

In 1898, Smith married an Indian Medical Service colleague. They had two sons.

## Death and legacy

He died in 1859. The *Indian Pioneer* wrote: "He was big, mentally, morally and physically and he operated on thousands upon thousands for two great Indian afflictions, cataract and stone. India mourns his going, the world honours him."

Smith is considered an ophthalmology pioneer of the IMS, along with Herbert Herbert. A description of Smith is given in Derrick Vail's “The Man With the Cigar” (1973).


title: Vehicles Emissions Regulation 2007

abstract: The Vehicles Emissions Regulation 2007 (EC) No 715/2007 is an EU Regulation that sets maximum levels of toxic emissions from motor vehicles. Since the introduction of the Euro 1 emission standard, the law has been tightened towards the EU's phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles by 2035. Member states may act sooner, as may the EU.

text:
# Vehicles Emissions Regulation 2007

The **Vehicles Emissions Regulation 2007** (EC) No 715/2007 is an EU Regulation that sets maximum levels of toxic emissions from motor vehicles. Since the introduction of the Euro 1 emission standard, the law has been tightened towards the EU's phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles by 2035. Member states may act sooner, as may the EU.

## Contents

Article 2 defines the categories of vehicle to which the limits apply, up to those under 2,610 kg.

Article 4 states manufacturers must ‘demonstrate that all new vehicles sold, registered or put into service in the Community are type approved in accordance with this Regulation’.

Article 6 requires manufacturers to ‘provide unrestricted and standardised access to vehicle repair and maintenance information’ should there be any non-compliance.

Article 13 requires penalties imposed by member states for breach are ‘effective, proportionate and dissuasive’, and breaches include any ‘false declarations’ as well as ‘use of defeat devices’.

The Heavy Vehicle Emission Regulation (EU) 2019/1242, arts. 4–5 applies to heavier vehicles and has limits for CO2.

* E McGaughey, *Principles of Enterprise Law: the Economic Constitution and Human Rights* (Cambridge UP 2022) ch 15, 526-7


title: Udea poasalis

abstract: Udea poasalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica. The wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are greyish buff, thinly scaled below the cell and with a few scattered black irrorations. There is a large fuscous shade in the middle of the cell, extending above the subcostal. There is a similar shade at the end of the cell, with a white point at the lower angle of the discocellular. There is also an indistinct, finely dentate, outer line remote from the cell, followed by a vague subterminal darker shade, as well as terminal black points. The hindwings are thinly scaled and white with an indistinct fine postmedial line, the termen faintly tinged with light brown and there are some terminal dark points.

text:
# Udea poasalis

***Udea poasalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica.

The wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are greyish buff, thinly scaled below the cell and with a few scattered black irrorations. There is a large fuscous shade in the middle of the cell, extending above the subcostal. There is a similar shade at the end of the cell, with a white point at the lower angle of the discocellular. There is also an indistinct, finely dentate, outer line remote from the cell, followed by a vague subterminal darker shade, as well as terminal black points. The hindwings are thinly scaled and white with an indistinct fine postmedial line, the termen faintly tinged with light brown and there are some terminal dark points.

## InfoBox

| *Udea poasalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. poasalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea poasalis***<br>(Schaus, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pionea poasalis* Schaus, 1912 | |


title: ONE Friday Fights 3

abstract: ONE Friday Fights 3: Chorfah vs. Petsukumvit was a combat sport event produced by ONE Championship that took place on February 3, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

text:
# ONE Friday Fights 3

***ONE Friday Fights 3: Chorfah vs. Petsukumvit*** (also known as ***ONE Lumpinee 3***) was a combat sport event produced by ONE Championship that took place on February 3, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

## Background

A flyweight muay thai bout between Chorfah Tor.Sangtiennoi and Phetsukumvit Boybangna served as the event headliner.

## Results

| Main Card (YouTube / Facebook) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Phetsukumvit Boybangna | def. | Chorfah Tor.Sangtiennoi | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Bantamweight Kickboxing | Elbrus Osmanov | def. | Paedsaenlek P.K.Saenchai | KO (spinning back kick) | 1 | 1:41 |  |
| Strawweight Muay Thai | Kongchai Chanaidonmuang | def. | Kritpetch P.K.Saenchai | KO (body kick and punches) | 1 | 2:15 |  |
| Bantamweight Muay Thai | Ilyas Musaev | def. | Phanrith Lookjaomaesaiwaree | KO (punch) | 2 | 1:03 |  |
| Women's Atomweight Muay Thai | Yu Yau Pui | def. | TheStar SitChor. | KO (punches) | 2 | 1:12 |  |
| Preliminary card (FanDuel TV) | | | | | | | |
| Lightweight Muay Thai | Rungrawee Sitsongpeenong | def. | Mustafa Al Takreeti | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Featherweight | Shannon Wiratchai | def. | Puriya Golpour | TKO (punches and elbow) | 1 | 4:33 |  |
| Featherweight Muay Thai | Alexandru Bublea | def. | Alan Yauny | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Lightweight | Alisson Barbosa | def. | Elliot Compton | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | 1 | 2:29 |  |
| Women's Strawweight Muay Thai | Dokmaipa Fairtex | def. | Barbara Aguiar | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Bantamweight | Ivan Parshikov | def. | Dimitry Babkin | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 5:00 |  |

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $10,000 bonuses.

* **Performance of the Night: Elbrus Amirkhanovich, Kongchai Chanaidonmuang, Ilyas Musaev, Yu Yau Pui, Shannon Wiratchai** and **Alisson Barbosa**

1. "ONE ลุมพินี : "ช่อฟ้า vs เพชรสุขุมวิท" สานต่อความเดือด พร้อมเปิดโผ 11 คู่มวยศึก ONE ลุมพินี 3 วันศุกร์ที่ 3 ก.พ.นี้". ch7.com. 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-01-30. (in Thai)
2. Ben Coate (2023-01-31). "Full card revealed for ONE Friday Fights 3 on February 3". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
3. "สานต่อความเดือด ! ศึก ONE ลุมพินี 3 ศุกร์ที่ 3 ก.พ. นี้ คู่เอก "ช่อฟ้า vs เพชรสุขุมวิท"". *TERO Entertainment*. 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
4. "ONE Friday Fights 3". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
5. Ted Razon (2023-02-03). "ONE Friday Fights 3 full results and recap: Chorfah vs Petsukumvit". *Sportskeeda.com*. Retrieved 2023-02-03.

## InfoBox

| ONE Friday Fights 3: Chorfah vs. Phetsukumvit | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | ONE Championship |
| Date | February 3, 2023 (2023-February-03) |
| Venue | Lumpinee Boxing Stadium |
| City | Bangkok, Thailand |
| Event chronology | |
| ONE Friday Fights: Sangmanee vs. Kulabdam 2 ONE Friday Fights 3: Chorfah vs. Phetsukumvit ONE Friday Fights 4: Duangsompong vs. Batman | |


title: SS Ukkopekka

abstract: SS Ukkopekka is a Finnish steamship in service as a tourist and heritage attraction.

text:
# SS Ukkopekka

**SS *Ukkopekka*** is a Finnish steamship in service as a tourist and heritage attraction.

## History

The ship was built at Wärtsilä Hietalahti Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland in 1938 and was at the time a modern, icebreaking inspection vessel. The vessel was the first inspection vessel in independent Finland, built by the Finns for the National Board of Navigation, and her year of manufacture is the same as that of the icebreaker *Sisu*. She was originally known as Inspection vessel SS *Turku* and was built to the hull designs of SS *Sisu*, the only alterations being that of the scale. Thus SS *Ukkopekka* is probably the last sea-going passenger steamer designed for icebreaking still in active service.

The original engine of SS *Ukkopekka* was a triple expansion steam engine, built in Helsinki in 1937, and originally designed for warships by the Germans. This engine is probably the last one in active use in the whole world. The engine is in very good condition, as the Finnish state took very good care of it. The boiler was renewed in 1976. The hull is surveyed every two years and it is still in excellent condition—thanks to the high quality steel of 1937.

Soon after she had been built, SS *Turku* was transferred to military service. The ship served during the Winter War (1939–1940). Despite the extreme conditions of that very harsh winter, the ship was in active service almost without a break. During the Continuation War (1941–1944), the vessel served as a convoy ship in the Åland Sea. After the war, the vessel returned to her original task, serving the National Board of Navigation (pilotage service) as a maintenance and inspection vessel on the Archipelago Sea. Pilot training was part of the daily routine on board, and so was sea mark maintenance.

In her home port, the lower steamship port of Turku, the coal trimmer soon became the subject of many letters to the editor and received complaints from the residents of apartment houses on the banks of the Aura River, who claimed that the soot from her chimneys made their laundry dirty. As a result, the coal stores were replaced by oil containers in 1976, and the boiler hatches were replaced with oil-driven blowers. The rest of the engine has been preserved unaltered, in its original shape. There are five steam engines altogether: the main engine, winch engine, rudder engine and two water pumps. This engine is a popular attraction among steam enthusiasts who come from all over the world to admire the "museum piece”. The engine remains in excellent condition and in active use. It is expected to remain operable for decades.

The Finnish state gave up the vessel in 1979, when a new, larger and more modern inspection vessel was built. After some alteration work on deck and inside the vessel, steamship traffic was reintroduced in the Turku region in the spring of 1986. This marked the first return of traditional steaming in the area since the 1950s.

In the winter of 1987–1988, the ship saloons were enlarged and renovated. The kitchen and storage facilities were also renovated to meet modern requirements and service standards.

## InfoBox

| SS *Ukkopekka* underway. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Finland | |
| Ordered | 1931 |
| Builder | Wärtsilä Hietalahti Shipyard, Helsinki, Finland |
| Laid down | 1932 |
| Launched | 1938 |
| Christened | 1939 |
| Acquired | 1986 |
| Commissioned | 1938 |
| Renamed | SS *Ukkopekka* in 1986 (ex SS *Turku* 1938–1980, ex SS *Hamina* 1981–1985) |
| Homeport | Turku, Finland |
| Status | In Service |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 321 metric tons |
| Length | 35 m (114 ft 10 in) |
| Beam | 7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) |
| Draught | 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) |
| Propulsion | Five Finnish-built triple-expansion engines, fire-boiler steam combines operating at 380 hp (280 kW) (The last in operation) |
| Speed | 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Range | 5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) |
| Endurance | 300 tons |
| Capacity | * 199 * 150 restaurant seats * 141 passengers |


title: Hyperbolic Dehn surgery

abstract: In mathematics, hyperbolic Dehn surgery is an operation by which one can obtain further hyperbolic 3-manifolds from a given cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. Hyperbolic Dehn surgery exists only in dimension three and is one which distinguishes hyperbolic geometry in three dimensions from other dimensions. Such an operation is often also called hyperbolic Dehn filling, as Dehn surgery proper refers to a "drill and fill" operation on a link which consists of drilling out a neighborhood of the link and then filling back in with solid tori. Hyperbolic Dehn surgery actually only involves "filling". We will generally assume that a hyperbolic 3-manifold is complete. Suppose M is a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold with n cusps. M can be thought of, topologically, as the interior of a compact manifold with toral boundary. Suppose we have chosen a meridian and longitude for each boundary torus, i.e. simple closed curves that are generators for the fundamental group of the torus. Let M denote the manifold obtained from M by filling in the i-th boundary torus with a solid torus using the slope u i = p i / q i where each pair p i and q i are coprime integers. We allow a u i to be ∞ which means we do not fill in that cusp, i.e. do the "empty" Dehn filling. So M = M. We equip the space H of finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds with the geometric topology.

text:
# Hyperbolic Dehn surgery

In mathematics, **hyperbolic Dehn surgery** is an operation by which one can obtain further hyperbolic 3-manifolds from a given cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. Hyperbolic Dehn surgery exists only in dimension three and is one which distinguishes hyperbolic geometry in three dimensions from other dimensions.

Such an operation is often also called **hyperbolic Dehn filling**, as Dehn surgery proper refers to a "drill and fill" operation on a link which consists of *drilling* out a neighborhood of the link and then *filling* back in with solid tori. Hyperbolic Dehn surgery actually only involves "filling".

We will generally assume that a hyperbolic 3-manifold is complete. Suppose *M* is a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold with *n* cusps. *M* can be thought of, topologically, as the interior of a compact manifold with toral boundary. Suppose we have chosen a meridian and longitude for each boundary torus, i.e. simple closed curves that are generators for the fundamental group of the torus. Let $M(u\_{1},u\_{2},\dots ,u\_{n})$ denote the manifold obtained from M by filling in the *i*-th boundary torus with a solid torus using the slope $u\_{i}=p\_{i}/q\_{i}$ where each pair $p\_{i}$ and $q\_{i}$ are coprime integers. We allow a $u\_{i}$ to be $\infty $ which means we do not fill in that cusp, i.e. do the "empty" Dehn filling. So *M* = $M(\infty ,\dots ,\infty )$.

We equip the space *H* of finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds with the geometric topology.

The **Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn surgery theorem** states $M(u\_{1},u\_{2},\dots ,u\_{n})$ is hyperbolic as long as a finite set of *exceptional slopes* $E\_{i}$ is avoided for the *i*-th cusp for each *i*. $M(u\_{1},u\_{2},\dots ,u\_{n})$ converges to *M* in *H* as all $p\_{i}^{2}+q\_{i}^{2}\rightarrow \infty $ for all $p\_{i}/q\_{i}$ corresponding to non-empty Dehn fillings $u\_{i}$. This theorem is due to William Thurston and fundamental to the theory of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. It shows that nontrivial limits exist in *H*.

Troels Jorgensen's study of the geometric topology further shows that all nontrivial limits arise by Dehn filling as in the theorem. Another important result by Thurston is that volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn filling. The theorem states that volume decreases under topological Dehn filling, assuming of course that the Dehn-filled manifold is hyperbolic. The proof relies on basic properties of the Gromov norm. Jørgensen also showed that the volume function on this space is a continuous, proper function. Thus by the previous results, nontrivial limits in *H* are taken to nontrivial limits in the set of volumes. In fact, one can further conclude, as did Thurston, that the set of volumes of finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds has ordinal type $\omega ^{\omega }$. This result is known as the **Thurston-Jørgensen theorem**. Further work characterizing this set was done by Gromov.

The figure-eight knot and the (-2, 3, 7) pretzel knot are the only two knots whose complements are known to have more than 6 exceptional surgeries; they have 10 and 7, respectively. Cameron Gordon conjectured that 10 is the largest possible number of exceptional surgeries of any hyperbolic knot complement. This was proved by Marc Lackenby and Rob Meyerhoff, who show that the number of exceptional slopes is 10 for any compact orientable 3-manifold with boundary a torus and interior finite-volume hyperbolic. Their proof relies on the proof of the geometrization conjecture originated by Grigori Perelman and on computer assistance. It is currently unknown whether the figure-eight knot is the only one that achieves the bound of 10. One conjecture is that the bound (except for the two knots mentioned) is 6. Agol has shown that there are only finitely many cases in which the number of exceptional slopes is 9 or 10.


title: Industrial change in occupied Japan

text:
# Industrial change in occupied Japan

Japanese industry leaders began to turn their manufacturing establishment around after World War II under the United States-led Allied occupation.

## The American Occupation's Industrial Consultancy

The most popular Japanese radio program in the 1950s is reputed to have been "Quality for Foremen." This emphasis on shop-floor leadership began through the intervention of three civil communications engineers who were part of the American occupation: Frank Polkinghorn, Charles Protzman, both from AT&T, and Homer Sarasohn of MIT's Radiation Laboratory, who headed the occupation's Civil Communications Section (CCS). The Japanese had been trying to introduce scientific management practices, common in America, since 1913, and their failure to make changes contributed to their losing World War II. Japanese industries' leadership had been purged by the MacArthur occupation. This removed 2 obstacles to change: the rigid social stratification of business (which meant that communication flowed one way only), and the lack of technical qualifications in both management and the workforce. Japanese management, according to Bunzaemon Inoue (late President of Sumitomo Rubber) was "all line, no staff." The CCS section introduced seminars for electronics industry leaders in 1949, and expanded versions of these CCS Seminars as they were called, may have stimulated some of the interest in the "Quality for Foreman" show.

## The KACHO System

According to Kenneth Hopper, the Japanese were attempting to copy the American practice of "bottom up management," although the CCS seminar did not use the term which was introduced by Peter Drucker in the mid-1950s. The *kacho* system was evolved as the unique Japanese way of moving responsibility to the lowest acceptable level. "Essentially a *kacho* is responsible for an area of activity. In a large factory making electrical consumer goods, he might be in charge of white goods... production in all its aspects. ... the strength of the *kacho* system \[is that one person\] knows or should know everything that goes on beneath, alongside and above him...: company policy, research, relations with customers and suppliers, information about the competition, and all activities on the shop floor."

The CCS seminar was developed in 1949 and presented by the Americans in Tokyo; a second session was held in Osaka in 1950, and these were the models that were taken up by Nikkeiren, the Japanese employers' association. Their training events continued until 1974. Other vital elements of the CCS seminars included: flexibility, decentralization, and cross-departmental teamwork.

## Other American Seminars and Leaders

Hopper further notes that a lecture series on statistical quality control by W. Edwards Deming (also in 1950) and the work of Joseph M. Juran were also vital elements of what came to be known as the Japanese economic miracle. While this comment in no way resolves a controversy about the genesis of Japan’s postwar industrial resurrection, his discussion throws light on the chronology of Western contributions to that effort.

Dr K Ishikawa on Dr Deming from 1950 to 1953 and then why Dr JM Juran was invited to rectify the three problems Dr Deming created.

Dr Kaoru Ishikawa 1989 "Introduction to Quality Control" page 10. "In 1950, JUSE invited Dr W E Deming from the US to conduct a QC seminar for top management, department and section managers, and engineers. This seminar was extremely enlightening; with the proceeds donated by Dr Deming for the sale of his transcripts, the Deming Prize for Quality Control was inaugurated in 1951. This scheme contributed immeasurably to the progress of quality control in Japan."

"Initially, however, Japanese quality control also suffered from various problems. The first was that statistical methods were overemphasized, and this fostered the mistaken impression that quality control and statistical quality control were difficult. Second, the emphasis on standardization led to the tendency for quality control to be carried out merely formally. The third problem was that top management and department and section managers did not develop much enthusiasm for quality control."

"To help solve these problems, Dr J. M. Juran was invited to Japan in 1954 to give a seminar for executives and department and section managers. Quality control at last started to be used as a management tool. This marked the beginning of a gradual transition from statistical quality control to total quality control, and in turn led to the promotion of quality control in which all departments and all employees participated - in other words, title or company-wide quality control.” “This required the involvement of the workplace, and, in 1956, high-quality control course for foremen was started on Japan shortwave radio.” Page 18 provides a figure 1.2 called “The Philosophy of the Control of Quality: The Deming Cycle. Being 1. Planning and design 2. Production 3. Marketing 4. After-sales service and market surveys – that leads to Redesign and a Move Forward”. Further explained on page 20 “from one viewpoint, this is the fundamental ideal of quality the control. Since this approach was introduced to Japan by Dr Deming in 1950, it is also known in Japan as the Deming cycle. Dr Deming himself, however, said that it was Dr Shewhart’s idea and that the diagram should be called the Shewhart Cycle.” On page 37, figure 1.8 it was summarized as the “plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle, but this is also insufficient, and I had success with splitting the cycle up into the six steps in figure 1.9. This really is a scientific management procedure using the QC approach”.

## Sources


title: Ophiostoma himal-ulmi

abstract: Ophiostoma himal-ulmi is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the causative agents of Dutch elm disease. It was first isolated around breeding galleries of scolytid beetles in the bark of Ulmus wallichiana. This, together with the fact that it is endemic to the Himalayas, is the reason it is named himal-ulmi. It is outcrossing and heterothallic, with two sexual compatibility types: A and B, occurring in a near 1:1 ratio in nature. It also exhibits a distinctive colony type, an ability to produce synnemata on malt extract agar, production of perithecia with long necks, a very high level of cerato-ulmin toxin production in liquid shake cultures, and moderate to strong vascular wilt pathogenicity on Ulmus procera.

text:
# Ophiostoma himal-ulmi

***Ophiostoma himal-ulmi*** is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the causative agents of Dutch elm disease. It was first isolated around breeding galleries of scolytid beetles in the bark of *Ulmus wallichiana* (the Himalayan elm). This, together with the fact that it is endemic to the Himalayas, is the reason it is named *himal-ulmi* (‘of the Himalayan elm’; *ulmi* means ‘of the elm’).

It is outcrossing and heterothallic, with two sexual compatibility types: A and B, occurring in a near 1:1 ratio in nature. It also exhibits a distinctive colony type, an ability to produce synnemata on malt extract agar, production of perithecia with long necks, a very high level of cerato-ulmin toxin production in liquid shake cultures, and moderate to strong vascular wilt pathogenicity on *Ulmus procera*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Ophiostoma himal-ulmi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Ophiostomatales |
| Family: | Ophiostomataceae |
| Genus: | *Ophiostoma* |
| Species: | ***O. himal-ulmi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ophiostoma himal-ulmi***<br>Brasier & Mehrotra (1995) | |
|


title: Walt Whitman Park (Brooklyn)

abstract: Walt Whitman Park is a park in the Downtown Brooklyn section of Brooklyn, New York City, commemorating Walt Whitman. It is adjacent to Cadman Plaza East to the west and Adams Street to the east.

text:
# Walt Whitman Park (Brooklyn)

**Walt Whitman Park** is a park in the Downtown Brooklyn section of Brooklyn, New York City, commemorating Walt Whitman. It is adjacent to Cadman Plaza East to the west and Adams Street to the east.

## InfoBox

| Walt Whitman Park | |
| --- | --- |
| The park in 2020 | |
|  | |
| Location | Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 40°41′54″N 73°59′22″W / 40.698365°N 73.989326°W / 40.698365; -73.989326 |


title: John Wentworth (judge)

abstract: John Wentworth was a jurist, soldier, and leader of the American Revolution in New Hampshire. He was often referred to as the Judge or as Colonel John to distinguish him from his cousin, the John Wentworth who was the colony's governor. He is descended from early New Hampshire settler William Wentworth and is a great grandfather to John Wentworth (Illinois).

text:
# John Wentworth (judge)

**John Wentworth** (March 30, 1719 – May 17, 1781) was a jurist, soldier, and leader of the American Revolution in New Hampshire. He was often referred to as **the Judge** or as **Colonel John** to distinguish him from his cousin, the John Wentworth who was the colony's governor. He is descended from early New Hampshire settler William Wentworth and is a great grandfather to John Wentworth (Illinois).

## Biography

This John Wentworth was born in Dover, New Hampshire. After service in the French and Indian War, he moved to Somersworth and was elected to the colonial assembly from 1768 to 1775. In that assembly he served several terms as speaker. He served as a judge of common pleas, and starting in 1776 as a justice in the New Hampshire supreme court, in spite of the fact that he neither studied nor practiced law.

As the revolution neared, he was active in the committees of correspondence, and later the Committee of Safety. After the Assembly was prorogued in 1774, a rebel counterpart met as the Exeter Convention. At their first meeting, on July 21 he was elected president. He died in Somersworth.

## Family

John survived his third wife, and left nine out of fourteen children. John's son, John Wentworth Jr., represented New Hampshire in the Continental Congress.

* Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Wentworth, William". *The American Cyclopædia*.


title: Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House

abstract: The Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House is a historic house at 119 Fayetteville Road in Van Buren, Arkansas. Built in the early 20th century, it is an eclectic and late example of blended Queen Anne and Second Empire architecture. It has asymmetrical massing and a tower, characteristic of the Second Empire, along with a Queen Anne porch that features turned posts and a spindled valance. Harry Pernot, who built it, was mayor of Van Buren, 1904–1909. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

text:
# Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House

The **Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House** is a historic house at 119 Fayetteville Road in Van Buren, Arkansas. Built in the early 20th century, it is an eclectic and late example of blended Queen Anne and Second Empire architecture. It has asymmetrical massing and a tower, characteristic of the Second Empire, along with a Queen Anne porch that features turned posts and a spindled valance. Harry Pernot, who built it, was mayor of Van Buren, 1904–1909.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 119 Fayetteville Rd., Van Buren, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°26′20″N 94°21′9″W / 35.43889°N 94.35250°W / 35.43889; -94.35250 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1900 (1900) |
| NRHP reference No. | 100001646 |
| Added to NRHP | September 21, 2017 |


title: Vehicle registration plates of Yukon

text:
# Vehicle registration plates of Yukon

The Canadian territory of Yukon first required its residents to register their motor vehicles and display licence plates in 1914. Only rear plates have been required since 1990.

## Passenger baseplates

### 1924 to 1979

In 1956, Canada, the United States and Mexico came to an agreement with the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, the Automobile Manufacturers Association and the National Safety Council that standardized the size for licence plates for vehicles (except those for motorcycles) at 6 inches (15 cm) in height by 12 inches (30 cm) in width, with standardized mounting holes. The 1954 (dated 1955) issue was the first Yukon licence plate that complied with these standards.

| Image | First issued | Design | Slogan | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1924 | Black on yellow; "Y.T. 1924" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 210 |  |
|  | 1925 | White on dark blue; "Y.T. 1925" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 230 |  |
|  | 1926 | Black on red; "Y.T. 1926" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 240 |  |
|  | 1927 | Black on yellow; "Y.T. 1927" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 300 |  |
|  | 1928 | White on green; "Y.T. 1928" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 260 |  |
|  | 1929 | White on dark blue; "Y.T. 1929" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 300 |  |
|  | 1930 | Black on yellow; "Y.T. 1930" at right | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 350 |  |
|  | 1931 | Orange on black; "YUKON TY. 1931" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 450 |  |
|  | 1932 | Black on orange; "YUKON TY. 1932" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 400 |  |
|  | 1933 | White on green; "YUKON TY. 1933" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 400 |  |
|  | 1934 | Black on light blue; black lines at top and bottom borders; "YUKON TY. 1934" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 400 |  |
|  | 1935 | Dark blue on gray; dark blue lines at top and bottom borders; "YUKON TY. 1935" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 400 |  |
|  | 1936 | Black on red; black lines at top and bottom borders; "YUKON TY. 1936" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 400 |  |
|  | 1937 | White on maroon; white lines at top and bottom borders; "YUKON TY. 1937" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 450 |  |
|  | 1938 | Orange on black; orange lines at top and bottom borders; "YUKON TY. 1938" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 450 |  |
|  | 1939 | Black on yellow with border line; "YUKON TY. 1939" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 500 |  |
|  | 1940 | White on green with border line; "YUKON TY. 1940" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 500 |  |
|  | 1941 | White on black with border line; "YUKON TY. 1941" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 450 |  |
|  | 1942 | Black on gray with border line; "YUKON TY. 1942" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 500 |  |
|  | 1943 | Black on orange with border line; "YUKON TY. 1943" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 700 |  |
|  | 1944 | Black on yellow with border line; "YUKON TY. 1944" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 750 |  |
|  | 1945 | White on maroon with border line; "YUKON TY. 1945" at bottom | *none* | 123 | 100 to approximately 650 |  |
|  | 1946 | Black on light blue with border line; "YUKON TY. 1946" at bottom | *none* | 1234 | 100 to approximately 1100 |  |
|  | 1947 | White on green with border line; "YUKON TY. 1947" at bottom | *none* | 1234 | 100 to approximately 1400 |  |
|  | 1948 | Orange on black with border line; "YUKON TY. 1948" at bottom | *none* | 1234 | 100 to approximately 1900 |  |
|  | 1949 | Red on silver with border line; "YUKON TY. 1949" at bottom | *none* | 1234 | 100 to approximately 2100 |  |
|  | 1950 | Black on gray with border line; "YUKON TY. 1950" at bottom | *none* | 1234 | 100 to approximately 1000 |  |
|  | 1951 | Green on gray with border line; "YUKON TY.-EX. 31-3-52" at bottom | *none* | 1234 | 100 to approximately 1100 |  |
|  | 1952 | White on blue with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON TY. CANADA" at bottom and "EX. 31-3-53" at right | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 2300 | Revalidated through March 31, 1954 with blue tabs, then through March 31, 1955 with white tabs. |
|  | 1955 | White on green with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 55" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 2300 | First 6" x 12" plate. |
|  | 1956 | Dark blue on white with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 56" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 2500 |  |
|  | 1957 | Red on white with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 57" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 2600 |  |
|  | 1958 | White on red with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 58" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 3200 | Manufactured in British Columbia using that province's serial dies. This practice continued through 1977. |
|  | 1959 | White on black with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 59" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1-234 | 1 to approximately 3-200 |  |
|  | 1960 | Black on white with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 60" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1-234 | 1 to approximately 3-800 |  |
|  | 1961 | Maroon on sky blue with border line; maroon embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 61" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1-234 | 1 to approximately 4-000 |  |
|  | 1962 | White on dark green with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 62" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1-234 | 1 to approximately 4-200 |  |
|  | 1963 | Black on light yellow with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 63" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1-234 | 1 to approximately 4-500 |  |
|  | 1964 | Red on white with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 64" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 4800 |  |
|  | 1965 | Green on white with border line; green embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 65" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 4300 |  |
|  | 1966 | Red on white with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 66" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 4900 |  |
|  | 1967 | Blue on white with border line; blue embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 67" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 5200 |  |
|  | 1968 | Black on white with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 68" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 5800 |  |
|  | 1969 | Black on light yellow with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 69" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 6200 |  |
|  | 1970 | Green on white with border line; green embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 70" at bottom | Land of the Midnight Sun | 1234 | 1 to approximately 7300 |  |
|  | 1971 | Orange on white with border line; orange embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 71" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | 1234 | 1 to approximately 6300 |  |
|  | 1972 | Green on white with border line; green embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 72" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | 1234 | 1 to approximately 6500 |  |
|  | 1973 | Black on tan with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 73" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | 1234 | 1 to approximately 7000 |  |
|  | 1974 | Green on white with border line; green embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 74" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | 1234 | 1 to approximately 8000 |  |
|  | 1975 | Orange on white with border line; orange embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 75" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | 1234 | 1 to approximately 8000 |  |
|  | 1976 | Black on white with border line; black embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 76" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | *A*123 | Coded by region (*A*) | Letters A, B, C, E, J, K, L, N, P and T used in Whitehorse, D in Dawson, F in Faro, H in Haines Junction, M in Mayo, and W in Watson Lake. This continued through 1981. |
|  | 1977 | Red on white with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON 77" at bottom | Home of the Klondike | *A*123 | Coded by region (*A*) |  |
|  | 1978 | Green on white with border line; green embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON" centred at bottom and "78" at top right | The Klondike | *A*B-12 | Coded by region (*A*) | Manufactured in Saskatchewan using that province's serial dies. This practice continued until 1990. |
|  | 1979 | Red on white with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON" centred at bottom and "79" at top right | The Klondike | *A*B-12 | Coded by region (*A*) | Final single-year passenger plate in Canada. |

### 1980 to present

| Image | First issued | Design | Slogan | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1980 | Green on white with border line; green embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON" centred at bottom and "80" at top right | The Klondike | *A*B-12 | Coded by region (*A*) | Revalidated for 1981 with stickers. |
|  | 1981 | As above, but without "80" | | | | |
|  | 1982 | Red on white with border line; red embossed prospector at left with gold paint speck; "YUKON" centred at bottom | The Klondike | ABC-1 | ABA-1 to ? |  |
|  | 1985 | Black on reflective gold with border line; black embossed prospector at left; "YUKON" centred at bottom | The Klondike | ABC-1 | ABA-1 to ? |  |
|  | 1990 | Black on reflective white with border line; screened prospector at left; screened red "Yukon" centred on sky blue band at bottom | The Klondike | ABC12
ABC 12 | AAA01 to JJP03 (as of April 22, 2022) | Letters I, Q, U and Y not used in serials, and C, D, F and G not used as first letters. |
|

## Non-passenger plates

| Image | Type | First issued | Description | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Commercial – Heavy | 1990 | As current passenger base; "Commercial" in place of slogan | **C**BC12 | CAA01 to CKZ99 |  |
|  | | 2009 | | **C**B123 | CA001 to present | |
|  | Commercial – Light | 1990 | As current passenger base | **C**BC12 | CLA01 to CZZ99 |  |
|  | Dealer | 1990 | As current passenger base, but without prospector; "Dealer" in place of slogan | **DLR**123 | DLR001 to DLR999 |  |
|  | Farm Vehicle | 1990 | As current passenger base, but without prospector; "Farm Vehicle" in place of slogan | **F**1234 | F0001 to present |  |
|  | Federal Government | 1990 | As current passenger base | **FG**C12 | FGA01 to present |  |
|  | Motorcycle | 1990 | Similar to current passenger base but without prospector; "Motorcycle" at top | **M** 12345 | M 50001 to present |  |
|  | RCMP | 1990 | As current passenger base | **MP**C12 | MPA01 to present |  |
|  | Rental Vehicle | 1990 | As current passenger base; "Rental" or slogan at top | **R**BC12 | RAA01 to present |  |
|  | Snowmachine | 1990 | As Motorcycle plate, but with "Snowmachine" at top | **S** 12345 | S 0001 to present |  |
|  | Territorial Government | 1990 | As current passenger base, but without prospector; "Government" in place of slogan | **YTG**123 | YTG001 to YTG999 |  |
|  | | 2008 | As above, but with prospector | **Y**1234 | Y1000 to present | |
|  | Other government | 1990 |  | **G**12 345 | G00 001 to present |  |
|  | Trailer | 1990 | As Motorcycle plate, but with "Trailer" at top | **T** 12345 | T 50001 to present |  |

## InfoBox

Yukon
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Current series | |
| Size | 12 in × 6 in
30 cm × 15 cm |
| Serial format | ABC12 |
| Introduced | 1990 (1990) |
| History | |
| First issued | 1924 (1924) |
|  | |


title: Udea proximalis

abstract: Udea proximalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue, Hiroshi Yamanaka and Akio Sasaki in 2008. It is found on Hokkaido island in Japan.

text:
# Udea proximalis

***Udea proximalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue, Hiroshi Yamanaka and Akio Sasaki in 2008. It is found on Hokkaido island in Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Udea proximalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. proximalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea proximalis***<br>Inoue, Yamanaka & Sasaki, 2008 | |
|


title: OCESA

abstract: OCESA is a Mexican concert promoter founded in 1990 by Alejandro Soberon Kuri. The company organizes concerts, music festivals, and other live events. It is currently the largest music promoter in Mexico. It is headquartered in the Hipódromo de las Américas in Mexico City, Mexico. OCESA is a subsidiary of Live Nation Entertainment and Grupo CIE.

text:
# OCESA

**OCESA** (formerly **Operadora De Centro De Espectaculos S.A.**) is a Mexican concert promoter founded in 1990 by Alejandro Soberon Kuri. The company organizes concerts, music festivals, and other live events. It is currently the largest music promoter in Mexico. It is headquartered in the Hipódromo de las Américas in Mexico City, Mexico. OCESA is a subsidiary of Live Nation Entertainment and Grupo CIE.

## History

In 1994, Bruce Moran, president of OCESA Presents, attempted to bring more foreign artists into Mexico. As part of this initiative, the company organized shows and concert tours with artists such as Pink Floyd, Paul McCartney, Madonna and Santana. During Moran's tenure, the company also began to expand into talent management when it took over part of the operations of Ogden Entertainment Services, its majority owner at the time, and hired its personnel.

In 2019 Live Nation planned to acquire a controlling stake in OCESA for $500 million, purchasing Mexican mass media company Televisa's 40% stake. Live Nation backed out in May 2020. Televisa stated that it was considering legal options after this. However, Live Nation Entertainment resumed its acquisition on September 13, 2021

## Subsidiaries

OCESA's theater division is Ocesa Teatro. OCESA also owns the record label and talent agency OCESA Seitrack.

1. *Mexico Insight*. Excelsior, Cia. 1994. p. 36.
2. "In Mexico, the World's Third-Largest Concert Promoter Prepares For Live Music's Return". *Billboard*. 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
3. Radbill, Catherine Fitterman (2013). *Introduction to the Music Industry: An Entrepreneurial Approach*. Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-415-89638-2.
4. Inc, Nielsen Business Media (1994-11-26). *Billboard Nov 26, 1994*. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 76. `{{cite book}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
5. Inc, Nielsen Business Media (1994-02-05). *Billboard Feb 5, 1994*. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 30. `{{cite book}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
6. "Live Nation's Bid for a Mexican Concert Promoter Could Bring Big Changes to Region's Ticketing Biz". *Billboard*. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
7. "Live Nation to acquire Ocesa stake in $480m deal". *IQ Magazine*. 2019-07-25. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
8. "Mexico's Televisa considers legal steps in breakdown of deal with Live Nation". *Reuters*. 2020-05-26. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
9. "Live Nation Terminates $480M Acquisition of Mexican Promoter OCESA". *Billboard*. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
10. "Televisa mulls options for Ocesa deal". *www.latinfinance.com*. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
11. "Live Nation resumes stalled acquisition of Mexican entertainment firm Ocesa". *Reuters*. 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.

## InfoBox

OCESA
| Formerly | Operadora De Centro De Espectaculos S.A. |
| --- | --- |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | * Entertainment * Nightlife * Music |
| Founded | 1990 (1990) |
| Founder | Alejandro Soberon Kuri |
| Headquarters | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Services |  |
| Parent | Live Nation Entertainment |
| Subsidiaries |  |
| Website | www.ocesa.com.mx |