title: Punica (poem)

abstract: The Punica is a Latin epic poem in seventeen books in dactylic hexameter written by Silius Italicus, comprising some twelve thousand lines. It is the longest surviving Latin poem from antiquity. Its theme is the Second Punic War and the conflict between the two great generals Hannibal and Scipio Africanus. The poem was re-discovered in either 1416 or 1417 by the Italian humanist and scholar Poggio Bracciolini.

text:
# Punica (poem)

The ***Punica*** is a Latin epic poem in seventeen books in dactylic hexameter written by Silius Italicus (c. 28 – c. 103 AD), comprising some twelve thousand lines (12,202, to be exact, if one includes a probably spurious passage in book 8). It is the longest surviving Latin poem from antiquity. Its theme is the Second Punic War and the conflict between the two great generals Hannibal and Scipio Africanus. The poem was re-discovered in either 1416 or 1417 by the Italian humanist and scholar Poggio Bracciolini.

## Composition

The dates of the *Punica's* composition are not entirely clear. There is external evidence for composition dates from some of the epigrams of Martial. Martial 4.14, a poem dated to 88 AD, describes Silius' work on the *Punica*, mentioning Scipio and Hannibal as the subjects of the poem. 7.63, dated to 92 AD also describes his work on the poem. Two passages of internal evidence also help date the *Punica*. At 3.600ff., during Jupiter's prophecy about the future of Rome, significant events are described from the Flavian dynasty and the life of Domitian, such as the death of Vespasian, Titus' destruction of Jerusalem, Domitian's adoption of the title Germanicus (83 AD), and the burning of the Capitoline temple in 69 AD. Thus the passage puts a *terminus post quem* for Book 3 at 83 AD. At 14.685-88, the mention of a contemporary *vir* who has brought peace to the world and put a stop to illegal theft has been interpreted as referring to the accession of Nerva in 96 AD, although this reference to Nerva has been disputed. Thus, composition dates for the poem must be set at c. 83 to c. 96 AD, although since those dates do not include the first two or final three books, they must remain approximate. The poem is a work of Silius' old age, and thus his time spent at his Campanian villas collecting antiques and giving recitations, presumably of the *Punica*. According to the epigrams of Martial cited above, the poem met with some success and was compared with the *Aeneid*.

## Poetic models and historical sources

Silius, as a poet of historical epic, had to make use of both historical sources and poetic models. Livy is considered his single most important historical source; however, Silius distinguishes his work from Livy's by often embellishing themes which are only briefly treated in Livy and altering the focus of his narrative. It is known that Silius also used other historians as sources. Silius should not be viewed as a simple transmitter of his historical sources, as "Livy in verse", but should be viewed as a poet who, while making use of historians, is not bound by the rules of historiography but rather of poetry.

In choosing a historical subject, the Second Punic War, Silius had many poetic predecessors. From the time of Naevius onwards, every great military struggle in which the Romans had been engaged had found its poet. Naevius' influence cannot be gauged, because of the almost total loss of his poem on the First Punic War. Silius specifically names Virgil, Homer, and Ennius as his epic inspiration. Homer is mentioned at 13.778-797, where Silius has Scipio meet his shade in the underworld. Silius' sybil praises Homer as the preeminent, universal, and divine poet who made Troy, (i.e. Rome) famous in song, saying "his \[Homer's\] poetry embraced the earth, sea, stars, and shades and he rivaled the Muses in song and Phoebus in glory," to which Scipio replies, "If Fate would allow this poet to sing of Roman deeds, for all the world to hear, how much deeper an impression the same deeds would make upon posterity if Homer sang of them." Ennius is a character in Book 12 of the *Punica* (12.387-414), where he participates in a battle in Sardinia. Silius says that his account of Ennius' fight is his attempt to "hand down to long ages noble deeds, too little known, of a great man." He describes Ennius' birth, his prowess in war, and has Apollo prophesy his future, saying "he \[Ennius\] shall be the first to sing of Roman wars in noble verse, exalting their commanders to the skies; he shall teach Helicon to repeat the sound of Roman poetry..."

Virgil is mentioned at 8.593-594, where Silius says of Virgil's hometown Mantua that it was "home of the Muses, raised to the sky by immortal verse, and a match for the lyre of Homer." Indeed, Virgil is considered Silius' most pervasive influence. His contemporaries Pliny and Martial discuss his almost crazed devotion to the spirit of Virgil (whom Silius is known to have worshipped as a god and whose tomb he bought and repaired) and often compare his poetry to the works of Virgil. Silius employs constantly Virgilian images, similes, tropes, and elements (such as his *nekyia* or the historically themed shield of Hannibal) in the *Punica*, and hardly a page goes by without some significant allusion to the *Aeneid*. Finally, Lucan is a significant model for Silius, although Silius differs dramatically from Lucan's historical epic by his use of the divine machinery. Frederick Ahl posits that Silius construed his epic as occupying the historical and poetic midpoint between the *Aeneid* and the *Bellum Civile*, forming a trilogy of poems on Roman history. Silius is closest to Lucan in his treatment of historical description, especially geography and battlefields, his focus on the macabre and violence, and his stoic tone.

## Contents

**Book 1** The poem opens with phrase *ordior arma* "I set in order the arms", and tells how the poet's theme is the Second Punic War, setting up the conflict as the struggle between the Roman and Carthaginian nations for supremacy. The betrayal of Dido, familiar from the *Aeneid*, and Juno's anger stir the goddess to prophesy the course of the war and choose Hannibal as her instrument of revenge. The childhood oath of Hannibal to his father Hamilcar at the Dido temple in Carthage is narrated, and his character is described as vicious, cunning, and daring. The priestess of the temple prophesies the war. Hasdrubal is slaughtered by Spanish Gauls in revenge for his crucifixion of their king. Hannibal succeeds him by the army's acclaim and attacks Saguntum, the situation and Rutulian/Zacynthian history of which are described. The siege begins, and Hannibal fights a duel with the Saguntine champion Murrus, who is slain. The Saguntine senate meets, and requests that Rome send envoys to stop the siege.

**Book 2** In Book 2, Hannibal dismisses the Roman envoys from Saguntum, and addresses his troops with a threat to Rome. The siege of the city continues and the warrior princess Asbyte is killed by Theron, who is killed by Hannibal and mutilated. At Carthage, Hanno gives a speech calling Hannibal insolent, while Gestar gives a response that suggests Hanno is a Roman sympathizer. While campaigning against Spanish tribes, Hannibal receives a shield as a gift from the Gallaeci that shows Carthaginian history up to the siege of Saguntum. The Saguntines begin to suffer, and a saddened Hercules sends Fides to strengthen and ennoble the Saguntines. Juno sends Tisiphone, who whips the people into a madness that causes them to burn themselves alive. The poet addresses the Saguntines and ensures their immortality.

**Book 3** Bostar is sent to consult Jupiter Ammon about the war. Hannibal visits the shrine of Hercules at Gades, where he admires the doors painted with the god's deeds and the unusual tides of the Atlantic Ocean. He tearfully sends his wife, the brave Imilce, back to Carthage, despite her wish to remain in the camp. Jupiter sends a dream to Hannibal, in which he is led by Mercury into Italy with a destructive snake which symbolizes Hannibal. The poet offers a catalogue of Carthaginian troops. As Hannibal crosses the Pyrenees, their Herculean aetiology is explained. Hannibal crosses the Alps amid hardship, while Venus asks Jupiter whether he plans on destroying Rome. Jupiter says his plan is to test Roman *virtus* and set the foundations of the Roman empire. He describes the future of Rome, which culminates in the reign of Domitian and a praise of the emperor's poetry. The response from Jupiter Ammon promises glory to Carthage.

**Book 4** Fama incites fear and preparation in the Romans, who ready themselves for Hannibal and his vengeance-seeking Gallic troops. Scipio encourages his troops and leads them to the Ticinus river where a bird omen promises that the Carthaginians can rout the Romans for 8 years, but will be overcome eventually by Rome. The Gauls and their hero Crixus stand out in the Battle of Ticinus. Jupiter calls Mars to help the young Scipio after his father is killed, and he withdraws the troops to the river Trebia, where there is a large battle in which the Carthaginians prevail, and the river attacks Scipio until it is burned up by Vulcan. Juno appears as the god of Lake Trasimene and tells Hannibal to march there. Hannibal refuses to allow his son to be sacrificed by lot to the gods, and asks him ever to be an enemy of Rome.

**Book 5** The history and mythical aetiology of Lake Trasimene is presented. Hannibal lays a trap for the Romans in a ravine, while an enraged Flamininus goes on a rant against augury, and refuses to heed the terrible sacrificial omens. The poet shudders to describe the battle from which the gods turn their faces away in obedience to fate except for a gleeful Juno. Bellona stirs the Carthaginian lines, while Appius distinguishes himself before dying. Mago is wounded but healed by the snake charmer/physician Synhalus. The Carthaginian hero Sychaeus is slain. The Romans seek refuge in the trees, where they are slaughtered; and there is an earthquake. Ducarius slays Flamininus, who is buried by a heap of Roman dead.

**Book 6** The book opens with a description of Bruttius' burial of the legionary eagle to save it from Hannibal. Serranus, a son of Marcus Atilius Regulus, escapes the battle and comes to the humble house of Marus at Perusia. There he is treated by Marus, who tells him the story of Regulus' battle with the Libyan snake at the river Bagradas (Medjerda) which leads the Naiads to demand suffering from Regulus in the future. Marus then tells Serranus about the Spartan Xanthippus in the First Punic War and the use of Regulus as an envoy for Carthage. Marcia, Serranus' mother, asks Regulus not to return, but he, respecting his oath, leaves her and is tortured to death by the Carthaginians. A bloodied Fama reports the battle at Rome, after which Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator, whose family history is described, is elected consul. Hannibal sees at Liternum temple doors portraying scenes from the First Punic War; in a rage, he orders the temple burnt.

**Book 7** Book 7 opens with an exploration of Fabius' tactics of delay. Hannibal learns from a prisoner the family history of the Fabii and then attempts to incite Fabius to battle as he ravages Campania and the Falernian countryside. The poet, as he says, cannot resist telling the story of Falernus' theoxenia of Bacchus and the gods gift of wine. Hannibal, by sparing Fabius' lands tries to make the dictator suspect but becomes trapped in a defile. By setting a herd of cattle on fire, a diversion is created so the Carthaginians can escape. Fabius called to Rome hands over command to the magister equitum Marcus Minucius Rufus. The Carthaginians land at Cumae, where they frighten the Nereids who go to Phorcys for prophecy. Phorkys tells the story of the Judgment of Paris and the reason for the war. Minucius, given equal powers with Fabius, attacks the Carthaginians and is barely saved by Fabius' force; the armies are reunited at the conclusion.

**Book 8** Juno sends the spirit of Anna, the sister of Dido and now the nymph of the river Numicius, to Hannibal who is upset about his forced retreat. Anna tells Juno of Dido's suicide, her flight to Cyrene after Iarbas' invasion, her escape to Italy and Aeneas from Pygmalion's fleet, and her transformation into a river from fear of Lavinia, then hastens to Hannibal and encourages him by prophesying the Battle of Cannae. Varro is elected consul and gives a haughty speech criticizing Fabius, his colleague, Paulus, reluctantly decides to go to battle. There is a catalogue of Italian soldiers and allies. The book ends with an account of bad omens and an anonymous soldier's grim prophecy.

**Book 9** Varro and Paulus argue about tactics, and a son, Satricus, accidentally kills his father, Sulmo, in a night skirmish, an omen of disaster for the Romans at the Battle of Cannae. After addressing their troops, Hannibal and Varro array their soldiers at Cannae. Scipio and Scaevola have their aristeiai, but Mars stirs up a storm that beats the Romans back as the other gods retire from battle. The Romans fight Hannibal's elephants, but Varro and Paulus, after discussing the crisis, are forced from the battlefield.

**Book 10** Paulus tries to rally the troops after Juno speaks to him in the guise of Metellus. Juno rouses Hannibal to kill Paulus to give him a glorious death; as he dies, Paulus prophesies the future of the war and sends Lentulus to support Fabius' strategy. Hannibal plans to march on Rome, but Juno sends Sleep and he dreams about Jupiter protecting Rome, so he rejects Mago's plan to march on the city. The Romans gather at Canusium and Metellus proposes to abandon Italy and escape Hannibal; Scipio takes an oath that he will allow no one to leave Italy. The horse of Cloelius attends his dead master and Cinna tells the story of Cloelia. Hannibal buries Paulus and his soldiers as an offering to the gods, while Rumor travels to Rome. Fabius creates a plan of action.

**Book 11** A catalogue of the Italians who join Hannibal, followed by a description of Capua. Pacuvius persuades the citizens to ask Rome if one of the consuls can be a Campanian, which is refused. Capua joins Hannibal, but Decius opposes the alliance, defying Hannibal's order that he be arrested. Hannibal speaks to Decius who accuses him of tyranny as he is arrested. The Carthaginians feast and Teuthras sings a theogonic poem. Perolla, Pacuvius' son tries to assassinate Hannibal but Pacuvius stops him. Venus sends a mob of Cupids to shoot the Carthaginians and make them lose their discipline, aided by Teuthras' song on Amphion and Orpheus. Mago reports at Carthage on Cannae, but is attacked by Hanno.

**Book 12** The Carthaginians, weakened by Venus, cannot take Greek cities in southern Italy. Campanian nobles tell Hannibal about famous landmarks. The Battle of Nola, in which Pedianus kills Cinyps recovering Paulus' armor, and Hannibal is defeated. The Romans revive their hopes with an oracle from Delphi that promises their victory. On Sicily, the epic poet Ennius fights and kills Hostus. Hannibal takes the lower city of Tarentum and returns to Capua and advances on Rome where Fulvius leads out the troops and Jupiter creates a storm and defends the city from him. Hannibal attacks again, but Jupiter sends Juno to stop him. After he leaves, the Romans run to view his deserted campsite.

**Book 13** Hannibal criticizes his troops for failing to take Rome, but Dasius responds with a story about the palladium and how Diomedes gave it to Aeneas when he was founding Lavinium, so a dejected Hannibal sacks the temple of Feronia. Fulvius attacks Capua and wolves kill the deer of Capys, which portends the city's fall. The Capuans resist and the goddess Fides praises loyalty. Virrius burns himself alive and the Capuans admit the Romans; Pan saves the city from burning but Taurea kills himself in defiance of the Romans. Scipio learns that his father and uncle have died in battle which spurs him visit the Underworld. He goes to Cumae where the priestess raises Appius Claudius, who asks for burial (an account of funeral customs follows). The Sibyl's ghost prophesies Scipio's success and discusses the ten gates of the underworld, each associated with a type of death, the ghosts of the wicked and allegories, the tree of evil birds, and the palace of judgment. Scipio speaks to Pomponia, his mother, who tells him that his real father is Jupiter. His father tells him about virtue and warns him about Carthaginians. His uncle describes his own death. Paulus calls for vengeance and hears about his burial. He speaks to Hannibal's father who praises his son. In the throng, Scipio speaks to Alexander who advises him to virtue and swift action. Scipio then meets Homer and asks for a poet of his deeds to match Homer; he then views the Greek heroes and comes to a catalog of Roman women. He sees the souls of Sulla, Marius, and Pompey preparing to ascend and then learns from the Sibyl of Hannibal's fate.

**Book 14** This book begins with a new invocation and a long description of Sicily's history and the Syracusan monarchy. Marcellus begins his campaign and Silius adds a catalog of Sicilian allies and cities. Archimedes attacks the Romans with his machines and is praised as he burns the Romans' ships with his mirrors. There is an elaborate sea battle, but Silius describes an outbreak of plague that causes the city to fall. Marcellus looks over the riches of Syracuse, decides to spare the city, and is praised for his clementia.

**Book 15** The Senate debates whom to send to Spain. Scipio is eager to go and is visited by Virtue and Pleasure who contend for his allegiance. Persuaded by Virtue he asks for and receives command of the army. After receiving good omens, his fleet lands at Tarraco and in a dream his father's ghost encourages him to take New Carthage, which he does. He sacrifices to the gods and distributes the spoils to his soldiers. Silius relates the war against Philip of Macedon and how Fabius captures Tarentum. Then the Romans receive news that the consuls Marcellus and Crispinus were killed in battle against Hannibal. However, Scipio manages to rout Hasdrubal in Spain. Hasdrubal then crosses the Alps to join his brother in Italy. The personification of Italy warns the consul Claudius Nero in a dream of Hasdrubal's invasion. He joins the other consul Livius and they defeat Hasdrubal at the battle of the Metaurus. Claudius Nero returns and displays to Hannibal his brother's dead on a spike.

**Book 16** While Hannibal travels around southern Italy, the Carthaginians are driven out of Spain by Scipio and flee to Carthage. Scipio takes Hanno captive and the army of Hasdrubal, son of Gisgo, is destroyed. Scipio travels to Africa and Masinissa, a Numidian prince, joins the Roman side. Scipio makes a treaty with Syphax, a Numidian king, but it is accompanied by evil omens. Scipio returns to Spain and holds funeral games in honor of his father and uncle. Scipio returns to Rome and is elected consul. Despite Fabius' opposition, he receives permission to cross to Africa and attack Carthage.

**Book 17** The image of Cybele is brought from Phrygia to Rome and received in Ostia. Meanwhile, Scipio crosses to Africa and takes Syphax prisoner for breaking his oath to support the Romans. Hasdrubal retreats to Carthage and Hannibal is recalled from Italy. Hannibal's sleep is disturbed by nightmares before receiving the summons to return to Carthage. His departure is delayed by a storm but he lands in Africa and encourages his soldiers despite their retreat from Italy. In the heavens, Juno and Jupiter discuss the fates of Carthage and Hannibal. Juno agrees that she cannot change fate but asks Jupiter to spare Hannibal's life and to let Carthage stay standing. Jupiter agrees but warns that soon another Scipio will come who will destroy Carthage. The Carthaginian and Roman armies then join battle at Zama. The battle rages with Hannibal and Scipio both killing many soldiers. As Scipio searches for Hannibal, Juno fashions a phantom Scipio which she tricks Hannibal into chasing so that he might not face Scipio in battle and die. Hannibal chases the phantom and his horse falls down and dies. Juno, disguised as a shepherd, says she will guide him back to the battle but deceives him again. The Carthaginian army, deprived of their leader, falls apart and Hannibal returns just in time to see his army routed. He flees ignominiously to the mountains with some of his soldiers. Scipio returns to Rome victorious and celebrates a triumph through the city with a long train of captives including Syphax and Hanno along with images of the places he conquered. As Scipio, in purple and gold, rides through Rome in a chariot, Silius compares him to Hercules and declares that it is no lie that he is the son of Jupiter.

## Editions

The poem was discovered in a manuscript, possibly at Constance, by Poggio Bracciolini, in 1416 or 1417; from this now lost manuscript all existing manuscripts, which belong entirely to the 15th century, are derived.

A valuable manuscript of the 8th or 9th century, found at Cologne by L. Carrion in the latter part of the 16th century, disappeared soon after its discovery. Two *editiones principes* appeared at Rome in 1471; the principal editions since have been those of Heinsius (1600), Drakenborch (1717), Ernesti (Leipzig, 1791) and L. Bauer (1890). The *Punica* is included in the second edition of the *Corpus poetarum Latinorum*. A useful variorum edition is that of Lemaître (Paris, 1823). Delz's 1987 edition of the *Punica* is the current standard text.

In 1927 the *Punica* was edited, translated, and published in Loeb Classical Editions.

## Commentaries

Pietro Marso (1442–1512) published a commentary on the *Punica* in 1483.

More recent commentaries include Neil Bernstein's commentary on book 2, Joy Littlewood's commentaries on books 7 and 10, and Michiel van der Keur's commentary on book 13.

## Monographs

Studies of the *Punica* have flourished with many new monographs published about the poem, for example by Antony Augoustakis, Ray Marks, and Claire Stocks.


title: K. S. Paripoornan

abstract: Krishnaswami Sundara Paripoornan was an Indian jurist and lawyer, who was a justice of the Supreme Court of India from 1994 to 1997, and was known for his landmark judgements regarding the devaswom boards in Kerala. Paripoornan was born in 1932 in Trivandrum in the state of Kerala. His father, Krishnaswami Ayyangar, was also a renowned lawyer. Paripoornan graduated with a law degree from Madras Law College, and working in his father's practice, enrolled as an advocate in the High Court of Travancore-Cochin in June 1956. The court became Kerala High Court later that year, and Paripoornan practiced there specialising in civil, taxation and general matters. From 1966 to 1980, he worked as a government counsel at the Kerala High Court. On 1 January 1994, Paripoornan was announced as Chief Justice of the Patna High Court, and commenced the role on 24 January. Just under five months later on 11 June 1994, he was elevated to a Justice of the Supreme Court of India where he remained until his retirement three years later in June 1997. In 2007, Justice Paripoornan was appointed head of a special commission looking into the revenue arrangements of the devaswom boards in Kerala, following allegations of corruption and malpractice in the Travancore Devaswom Board and its management of temples in Kerala. Paripoornan was critical of the board's political appointments and requested that the government require minimum educational and qualification standards for appointment to the administration of the temples. Paripoornan died at the age of 83 at a private hospital in Kochi on 3 February 2016 from multiple organ failure.

text:
# K. S. Paripoornan

**Krishnaswami Sundara Paripoornan** (12 June 1932 – 3 February 2016) was an Indian jurist and lawyer, who was a justice of the Supreme Court of India from 1994 to 1997, and was known for his landmark judgements regarding the devaswom boards in Kerala.

Paripoornan was born in 1932 in Trivandrum in the state of Kerala. His father, Krishnaswami Ayyangar, was also a renowned lawyer. Paripoornan graduated with a law degree from Madras Law College, and working in his father's practice, enrolled as an advocate in the High Court of Travancore-Cochin in June 1956. The court became Kerala High Court later that year, and Paripoornan practiced there specialising in civil, taxation and general matters. From 1966 to 1980, he worked as a government counsel at the Kerala High Court.

On 1 January 1994, Paripoornan was announced as Chief Justice of the Patna High Court, and commenced the role on 24 January. Just under five months later on 11 June 1994, he was elevated to a Justice of the Supreme Court of India where he remained until his retirement three years later in June 1997.

In 2007, Justice Paripoornan was appointed head of a special commission looking into the revenue arrangements of the devaswom boards in Kerala, following allegations of corruption and malpractice in the Travancore Devaswom Board and its management of temples in Kerala. Paripoornan was critical of the board's political appointments and requested that the government require minimum educational and qualification standards for appointment to the administration of the temples.

Paripoornan died at the age of 83 at a private hospital in Kochi on 3 February 2016 from multiple organ failure.

## InfoBox

| The Honourable JusticeK S Paripoornan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Justice of the Supreme Court of India | |
| **In office**
11 June 1994  11 June 1997 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Krishnaswami Sundara Paripoornan
(1932-06-12)12 June 1932
Trivandrum, Kerala, India |
| Died | 3 February 2016(2016-02-03) (aged 83)
Kochi, Kerala, India |
|  | |


title: Pyaar Diwana

abstract: Pyar Diwana is a 1972 Bollywood comedy film directed by Samar Chatterjee. The film stars Kishore Kumar, Mumtaz in lead roles.

text:
# Pyaar Diwana

***Pyar Diwana*** is a 1972 Bollywood comedy film directed by Samar Chatterjee. The film stars Kishore Kumar, Mumtaz in lead roles.

## Plot

It is a love story a young wealthy boy Sunil who falls in love with his classmate Mamta. Sunil's family is against their relationship because they want another girl in their choice as Sunil's wife.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Apni Aadat Hai" | Mohammed Rafi |
| "Zara Rukiye, Zara Suniye" | Kishore Kumar |
| "Kisko Chahoon Aur Kisko Na" | Kishore Kumar |
| "Ab Main Jaoon, Magar Kyun Abhi Itni Jaldi, Kya Bataoon" | Kishore Kumar, **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Hay Mere Allah, Yeh Kya Baat Huyi, Chain Nahin Paya Jabse" | Usha Mangeshkar, **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Yeh Zindagi Bhi Kya Hai" - 1 | **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Yeh Zindagi Bhi Kya Hai" - 2 | **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Mere Saiyan Bada Albela" | **Asha Bhosle** |
|

## InfoBox

| Pyar Diwana | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Samar Chatterjee |
| Starring | Kishore Kumar<br>Mumtaz |
| Music by | Lala Sattar |
| Release date | * 1972 (1972) |
| Running time | 2 hours 15 min |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Pya, Mingin

abstract: Pya, Mingin is a village in Mingin Township, Kale District, in the Sagaing Region of western Burma.

text:
# Pya, Mingin

**Pya, Mingin** is a village in Mingin Township, Kale District, in the Sagaing Region of western Burma.

## InfoBox

| Pya, Mingin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Pya, MinginLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 22°37′N 94°19′E / 22.617°N 94.317°E / 22.617; 94.317 | |
| Country | Burma |
| Region | Sagaing Region |
| District | Kale District |
| Township | Mingin Township |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |


title: Pyrausta heliothidia

abstract: Pyrausta heliothidia is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Peru.

text:
# Pyrausta heliothidia

***Pyrausta heliothidia*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrausta heliothidia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrausta* |
| Species: | ***P. heliothidia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrausta heliothidia***<br>Hampson, 1913 | |
|


title: Pyrausta hampsoni

abstract: Pyrausta hampsoni is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by South in 1901. It is found in China.

text:
# Pyrausta hampsoni

***Pyrausta hampsoni*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by South in 1901. It is found in China.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrausta hampsoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrausta* |
| Species: | ***P. hampsoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrausta hampsoni***<br>South in Leech & South, 1901 | |
|


title: KCFT-CD

abstract: KCFT-CD is a low-power, Class A television station in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It is owned by CBI Media Group alongside radio stations KATB, KAFC, and KVNT. The stations share studios on Northern Lights Boulevard in Anchorage. KCFT-CD features a variety of Christian talk and teaching programs. In 1983, the American Christian Television System (ACTS) won the ability to build a low-power TV station on channel 20 in Anchorage as part of an FCC lottery. ACTS, a division of the Southern Baptist Convention, began constructing studios on 1/4 Mile O'Malley Road and network reception facilities in downtown Anchorage. K20AG began broadcasting on July 11, 1984. It was the second station built by ACTS after one in Tyler, Texas. By January 1995, when it became KCFT-LP, it was affiliated with FamilyNet. At various times in its history, the station has broadcast local sports, including Anchorage Pilots baseball in 1986 and Alaska Anchorage Seawolves in the 2000s.

text:
# KCFT-CD

**KCFT-CD** (channel 35) is a low-power, Class A television station in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It is owned by CBI Media Group alongside radio stations KATB (89.3 FM), KAFC (93.7 FM), and KVNT (1020 AM). The stations share studios on Northern Lights Boulevard in Anchorage. KCFT-CD features a variety of Christian talk and teaching programs.

In 1983, the American Christian Television System (ACTS) won the ability to build a low-power TV station on channel 20 in Anchorage as part of an FCC lottery. ACTS, a division of the Southern Baptist Convention, began constructing studios on 1/4 Mile O'Malley Road and network reception facilities in downtown Anchorage. K20AG began broadcasting on July 11, 1984. It was the second station built by ACTS after one in Tyler, Texas. By January 1995, when it became KCFT-LP, it was affiliated with FamilyNet.

At various times in its history, the station has broadcast local sports, including Anchorage Pilots baseball in 1986 and Alaska Anchorage Seawolves in the 2000s.

## Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KCFT-CD
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 35.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | KCFT-LP | Religious Independent |
| 35.2 | *Audio only* | | | KATB (Christian talk/teaching) |
| | 35.3 | | KAFC (CCM) |
| | 35.4 | | KVNT (News/Talk) |

## InfoBox

KCFT-CD
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Channels |  |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * CBI Media Group * (Alaska Broadcast Television, Inc.) |
| Sister stations | KAFC, KATB, KVNT |
| History | |
| First air date | July 11, 1984 (1984-07-11) |
| Former call signs | * K20AG (1984–1994) * KCFT-LP (1994–2013) |
| Former channel number(s) | **Analog:** 20 (UHF, 1984–2011) |
| Former affiliations | American Christian Television System (1984–1995)<br>FamilyNet (1995–2017) |
| Call sign meaning | "Christian Family Television" |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 787 |
| Class | CD |
| ERP | 15 kW |
| HAAT | 171.6 m (563 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 61°4′0″N 149°44′44″W / 61.06667°N 149.74556°W / 61.06667; -149.74556 (KCFT) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | kcft.org |


title: Justin Wilcock

abstract: Justin Wilcock is an American diver. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, in the men's 3 metre springboard. Wilcock was born in Smithfield, Utah.

text:
# Justin Wilcock

**Justin Wilcock** (born June 8, 1979) is an American diver. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, in the men's 3 metre springboard. Wilcock was born in Smithfield, Utah.

## InfoBox

Justin Wilcock
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1979-06-08) June 8, 1979<br>Smithfield, Utah, U.S. |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Sport | Diving |


title: Pyrrhoglossum

abstract: Pyrrhoglossum is a genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The genus is widely distributed, especially in tropical regions, and contains 11 species. It was circumscribed by American mycologist Rolf Singer in 1944.

text:
# Pyrrhoglossum

***Pyrrhoglossum*** is a genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The genus is widely distributed, especially in tropical regions, and contains 11 species. It was circumscribed by American mycologist Rolf Singer in 1944.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Pyrrhoglossum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Cortinariaceae |
| Genus: | ***Pyrrhoglossum***
Singer (1944) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pyrrhoglossum pyrrhum*
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Singer (1944) | |


title: K2K experiment

abstract: The K2K experiment was a neutrino experiment that ran from June 1999 to November 2004. It used muon neutrinos from a well-controlled and well-understood beam to verify the oscillations previously observed by Super-Kamiokande using atmospheric neutrinos. This was the first positive measurement of neutrino oscillations in which both the source and detector were fully under experimenters' control. Previous experiments relied on neutrinos from the Sun or from cosmic sources. The experiment found oscillation parameters which were consistent with those measured by Super-Kamiokande.

text:
# K2K experiment

The **K2K experiment** (KEK to Kamioka) was a neutrino experiment that ran from June 1999 to November 2004. It used muon neutrinos from a well-controlled and well-understood beam to verify the oscillations previously observed by Super-Kamiokande using atmospheric neutrinos. This was the first positive measurement of neutrino oscillations in which both the source and detector were fully under experimenters' control. Previous experiments relied on neutrinos from the Sun or from cosmic sources. The experiment found oscillation parameters which were consistent with those measured by Super-Kamiokande.

## Experimental design

K2K is a neutrino experiment which directed a beam of muon neutrinos (
ν
μ) from the 12 GeV proton synchrotron at the KEK, located in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, to the Kamioka Observatory, located in Kamioka, Gifu, about 250 km away. The muon neutrinos travelled through Earth, which allowed them to oscillate (change) into other flavours of neutrinos, namely into electron neutrinos (
ν
e) and tau neutrinos (
ν
τ). K2K however, focused only on
ν
μ
ν
τ oscillations.

The proton beam from the synchrotron was directed onto an aluminium target, and the resulting collisions produced a copious amount of pions. These pions were then focused into a 200 m decay pipe, where they would decay into muons and muon neutrinos. The muons were stopped at the end of the pipe, leaving a beam of muon neutrinos. The exact composition of the beam contained over 97% muon neutrinos, with the other 3% being made of electron neutrinos (
ν
e), electron antineutrinos (
ν
e) and muon antineutrinos (
ν
μ).

After they exited the pipe, the neutrinos went through a 1-kiloton water Cherenkov neutrino detector ("near detector") located at about 300 m from the aluminium target to determine the neutrino beam characteristics. This 1-kiloton "near detector" was a scaled-down version of the 50-kiloton Super-Kamiokande "far detector" located at the Kamioka Observatory, which allowed scientists to eliminate certain systematic uncertainties that would be present if two different detector types were used. This dual-detector configuration allowed the comparison of the neutrino beam at the near detector with the neutrino beam at the far detector to determine if neutrinos had oscillated or not.

## Collaboration

The K2K collaboration consisted of roughly 130 physicists from 27 universities and research institutes from all over the world, listed below. The full list of scientists and their countries of origin is available on the K2K website.

## Results

The final K2K results found that at 99.9985% confidence (4.3 ) there had been a disappearance of muon neutrinos. Fitting the data under the oscillation hypothesis, the best fit for the square of the mass difference between muon neutrinos and tau neutrinos was Δ*m*2 = 2.8×10−3 eV2. This result is in good agreement with the previous Super-Kamiokande result, and the later MINOS result.


title: Pyrgiscus otakauicus

abstract: Pyrgiscus otakauicus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Pyrgiscus otakauicus

***Pyrgiscus otakauicus*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

* Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgiscus otakauicus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgiscus* |
| Species: | ***P. otakauicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgiscus otakauicus***<br>(Laws, 1937) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pyrgiscilla otakauica* Laws, 1937 | |


title: Pyrgiscus taiaroa

abstract: Pyrgiscus taiaroa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Pyrgiscus taiaroa

***Pyrgiscus taiaroa*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

* Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. pp 196–219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch

## InfoBox

| Pyrgiscus taiaroa | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgiscus* |
| Species: | ***P. taiaroa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgiscus taiaroa***<br>(Laws, 1937) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pyrgiscilla taiaroa* (Laws, 1937) | |


title: Pyrgiscus rufescens

abstract: Pyrgiscus rufescens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Pyrgiscus rufescens

***Pyrgiscus rufescens*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Taxonomy

There is disagreement regarding whether this *Pyrgiscus jeffreysii* (Jeffreys, 1848) and *Pyrgiscus rufescens* (Forbes, 1846) represent two different species (e.g.: Høisæter, 2014 and references therein) or variation of the same species (e.g. Nordsieck, 1972). Here Høisæter (2014) is followed and the two species are treated as "accepted".

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:

* European waters (ERMS scope)
* United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgiscus rufescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgiscus* |
| Species: | ***P. rufescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgiscus rufescens***<br>(Forbes, 1846) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chemnitzia rufescens* Forbes, 1846 * *Turbonilla rufescens* (Forbes, 1846) | |


title: KGEN (AM)

abstract: KGEN is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Tulare, California, United States, the station is currently owned by Jose Arredondo, through licensee JA Ventures, Inc.

text:
# KGEN (AM)

**KGEN** (1370 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Tulare, California, United States, the station is currently owned by Jose Arredondo, through licensee JA Ventures, Inc.

## History

The station had fallen into bankruptcy in the mid-1960s before being acquired by Harry J. Pappas and his brothers Pete and Mike.

## InfoBox

KGEN
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1370 kHz |
| Branding | *La Ley 1370 AM* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Regional Mexican |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Jose Arredondo * (JA Ventures, Inc.) |
| History | |
| First air date | 1957 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 57446 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 710 watts day<br>72 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 36°12′16″N 119°33′53″W / 36.20444°N 119.56472°W / 36.20444; -119.56472 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: Putzeysia juttae

abstract: Putzeysia juttae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

text:
# Putzeysia juttae

***Putzeysia juttae*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.

## InfoBox

| *Putzeysia juttae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Seguenzioidea |
| Family: | Calliotropidae |
| Genus: | *Putzeysia* |
| Species: | ***P. juttae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Putzeysia juttae***<br>Engl & Rolán, 2009 | |
|


title: KKJD-LP

abstract: KKJD-LP was a radio station licensed to Borrego Springs, California, United States. The station was owned by Borrego Springs Christian Center. The station's license was returned to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by the licensee on July 12, 2013, and the license was cancelled by the FCC that day.

text:
# KKJD-LP

**KKJD-LP** (99.1 FM) was a radio station licensed to Borrego Springs, California, United States. The station was owned by Borrego Springs Christian Center.

The station's license was returned to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by the licensee on July 12, 2013, and the license was cancelled by the FCC that day.

## InfoBox

KKJD-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 99.1 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct (formerly Christian Music) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Borrego Springs Christian Center |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 124818 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 50 watts |
| HAAT | -223.2 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 33°14′39″N 116°22′30″W / 33.24417°N 116.37500°W / 33.24417; -116.37500 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Website | http://www.kkjdradio.com/ |


title: Júlia Komár

abstract: Júlia Komár was a Hungarian stage and film actress. She was married to the actor Antal Páger. Briefly a star of the cinema in the late 1930s, during the Horthy era, she left for Argentina in 1945 due to their association with the previous regime. She appeared at the Hungarian National Theatre in Buenos Aires for some years.

text:
# Júlia Komár

**Júlia Komár** (January 25, 1912 – November 26, 1976) was a Hungarian stage and film actress. She was married to the actor Antal Páger. Briefly a star of the cinema in the late 1930s, during the Horthy era, she left for Argentina in 1945 due to their association with the previous regime. She appeared at the Hungarian National Theatre in Buenos Aires for some years.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Kékesi, Zoltán. *Memory in Hungarian Fascism: A Cultural History*. Taylor & Francis, 2023.
* Kurucz, Ladislao. *Húngaros en la Argentina*. Ediciones Biblioteca Nacional, 1999.

## InfoBox

| Júlia Komár | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 25 January 1912
Temesvár, Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Died | 26 November 1976 (aged 64)
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1935–1939 (film) |


title: Pál Beőthy

abstract: Pál Beőthy de Bessenyő et Örvend was a Hungarian jurist, soldier and politician, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives between 1913 and 1917.

text:
# Pál Beőthy

**Pál Beőthy de Bessenyő et Örvend** (*Beöthy*; 20 June 1866  15 September 1921) was a Hungarian jurist, soldier and politician, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives between 1913 and 1917.

* Jónás, Károly - Villám, Judit: *A Magyar Országgyűlés elnökei 1848-2002*. Argumentum, Budapest, 2002. pp. 173175

## InfoBox

| Pál Beőthy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Speaker of the House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
13 June 1913  28 June 1917 | |
| Preceded by | István Tisza |
| Succeeded by | Károly Szász |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 June 1866
Nagymarjapuszta, Kingdom of Hungary |
| Died | 15 September 1921 (aged 55)
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary |
| Political party | Party of National Work |
| Profession | soldier, politician |
|  | |


title: KFIL-FM

abstract: KFIL-FM is an American commercial radio station licensed to serve Chatfield, Minnesota. The station, established in 1970 by O.B. Borgen, is currently owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare License, LLC.

text:
# KFIL-FM

**KFIL-FM** (103.1 MHz) is an American commercial radio station licensed to serve Chatfield, Minnesota. The station, established in 1970 by O.B. Borgen, is currently owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare License, LLC.

## Programming

KFIL-FM broadcasts a country music format. During daylight hours, this broadcast is in conjunction with its sister station, KFIL (1060 AM). The station serves Fillmore County and the greater Rochester, Minnesota, area.

As a full service station, non-music programming includes CNN Radio, agriculture news, market reports, and specialized weather reports. KFIL-FM is an affiliate of the Linder Farm Network. KFIL-FM also broadcasts a tradio program called "Swap Shop" and a community calendar bulletin each weekday.

Weekend programming includes five hours of local church services and other Christian programming on Sunday mornings and two hours of oldies music on Sunday nights. Sports programming on KFIL-FM includes local high school football, high school basketball, high school baseball, and high school softball games during the season, *KFIL Sports Round-up* with Devon Krueger each weekday, plus *Coaches Corner* on Saturday mornings from August through April.

## History

### Borgen era

This station received its original construction permit on September 1, 1970. It began regular broadcast operations in April 1971, with 3,000 watts of power with an antenna 270 feet (82 m) in height above average terrain. The station was assigned the call sign "KFIL-FM" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The station, like its AM sister station, was originally licensed to serve the community of Preston, Minnesota.

The station was originally owned and operated by KFIL, Inc., with Obed Samuel "O.B." Borgen as president of the corporation. In October 1991, ownership of KFIL, Inc., was transferred to sons Michael S. Borgen and Jeffrey T. Borgen. The station stayed in the Borgen family's control for more than 30 years. Obed Borgen died in July 1999.

### Cumulus era

In December 2003, Michael S. Borgen and Jeffrey T. Borgen sold KFIL, Inc., to Cumulus Media through its Cumulus Broadcasting, LLC, subsidiary. The published combined sale price of KFIL, KFIL-FM, and KVGO (through KVGO, Inc.) was $3,000,000. The deal gained FCC approval on February 5, 2004, and the transaction was consummated on March 30, 2004. The broadcast license for KFIL-FM was formally transferred from KFIL, Inc., to Cumulus Licensing, LLC, on December 31, 2004.

Longtime KFIL/KFIL-FM air personality Mike Sveen retired from broadcasting in 2007. The former announcer, sports reporter, and Preston, Minnesota, city council member had worked at KFIL/KFIL-FM for more than 25 years.

In September 2007, Cumulus applied to the FCC to change KFIL-FM's city of license from Preston, Minnesota, to nearby Chatfield, Minnesota. The FCC approved the change on January 8, 2008.

### Townsquare era

On August 30, 2013, a deal was announced in which Townsquare Media would acquire 53 Cumulus stations, including KFIL-FM, for $238 million. The deal was part of Cumulus' acquisition of Dial Global; Townsquare and Dial Global were both controlled by Oaktree Capital Management. The sale to Townsquare was completed on November 14, 2013. In early 2024, Townsquare closed KFIL's Preston studios and the station's control point switched to the Rochester-based studios. Townsquare had intended to sell the station's AM sister (KFIL), but the deal was withdrawn. KFIL-FM was not included in the sale.

## InfoBox

KFIL-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Fillmore County, Minnesota |
| Frequency | 103.1 MHz |
| Branding | 103.1 KFIL |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Classic country |
| Affiliations | Linder Farm Network<br>Minnesota Twins |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | KFIL, KDOC-FM, KDCZ, KFNL-FM, KOLM, KROC, KROC-FM, KWWK, KYBA |
| History | |
| First air date | April 1971 |
| Call sign meaning | Fillmore County |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 34428 |
| Class | C3 |
| ERP | 3,500 watts |
| HAAT | 159.1 meters (522 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°43′59″N 92°05′08″W / 43.73306°N 92.08556°W / 43.73306; -92.08556 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | kfilradio.com |


title: KFIN

abstract: KFIN is a commercial radio station located in Jonesboro, Arkansas, broadcasting on 107.9 FM. KFIN airs a country music format. KFIN is a 98,000 watt station, reaching listeners in all of Northeast Arkansas, as well as Southeast Missouri, Western Tennessee, and Western Mississippi. The station was purchased in 2007 by Bobby Caldwell's East Arkansas Broadcasters from Clear Channel Communications. Scott Siler has managed the station since May of 2007. KFIN is the flagship station for Arkansas' Morning Show with Brandon & Kelly. KFIN is also the flagship station for the EAB Sports Network, Arkansas State Football, & Arkansas State Men's Basketball.

text:
# KFIN

**KFIN** is a commercial radio station located in Jonesboro, Arkansas, broadcasting on 107.9 FM. KFIN airs a country music format. KFIN is a 98,000 watt station, reaching listeners in all of Northeast Arkansas, as well as Southeast Missouri, Western Tennessee, and Western Mississippi.

The station was purchased in 2007 by Bobby Caldwell's East Arkansas Broadcasters from Clear Channel Communications.

Scott Siler has managed the station since May of 2007.

KFIN is the flagship station for Arkansas' Morning Show with Brandon & Kelly (starring Brandon Baxter & Kelly Perry).

KFIN is also the flagship station for the EAB Sports Network, Arkansas State Football, & Arkansas State Men's Basketball.

35°47′56″N 90°44′31″W / 35.799°N 90.742°W / 35.799; -90.742

## InfoBox

KFIN
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 107.9 MHz |
| Branding | The Big 107-9 KFIN (pronounced as "K-Fine") |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | East Arkansas Broadcasters |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 17690 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 183 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | KFIN Online |


title: KFIS

abstract: KFIS is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Scappoose, Oregon, and serving the Portland metropolitan area. It is owned by the Salem Media Group and airs a Contemporary Christian (CCM) radio format. As with other Salem CCM stations in cities such as Los Angeles and Atlanta, KFIS uses the branding "The Fish", a symbol was often used by the early Christian church. The studios and offices are on SE Lake Road in Southeast Portland off the Milwaukie Expressway. The transmitter is off SW Fairmount Court in Portland.

text:
# KFIS

**KFIS** (104.1 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Scappoose, Oregon, and serving the Portland metropolitan area. It is owned by the Salem Media Group and airs a Contemporary Christian (CCM) radio format. As with other Salem CCM stations in cities such as Los Angeles and Atlanta, KFIS uses the branding "The Fish", a symbol was often used by the early Christian church.

The studios and offices are on SE Lake Road in Southeast Portland off the Milwaukie Expressway. The transmitter is off SW Fairmount Court in Portland.

## History

In April 1981, the station first signed on the air as **KTIL-FM** in Tillamook, and was the FM counterpart to KTIL (AM 1590). The two stations simulcasted a full service middle of the road format of popular music, news and sports, and were owned by the Beaver Broadcasting Company. Because Tillamook is nearly 50 miles from Portland, separated by tall mountains, the station was not audible in Oregon's largest radio market. In 1999, the station's call letters were changed to **KJUN**, and flipped to an oldies format.

In 2000, Salem Media bought KJUN for $35.8 million. The station already had a construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission to move its city of license to Scappoose and relocate its transmitter to Portland in order to give the station better coverage of the market. However, its signal is not as strong as many other Portland FM stations, which have an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts. KFIS is powered at 6,900 watts and is a Class C2 and has an effective radiated power of 50,000 watts (7,000 with beam tilt).

Salem changed the station's call letters to **KFIS** to reflect the "Fish" branding for its Contemporary Christian format. On September 1, 2001, it signed on from its new location, joining Salem's existing Portland stations KPDQ and KPDQ-FM, which air Christian talk and teaching formats.

An FM station in the Tillamook area of Oregon, KIXT, switched its call sign to KTIL-FM in 2006.

## InfoBox

KFIS
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Portland metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 104.1 MHz |
| Branding | *104.1 The Fish* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary Christian |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | KPDQ, KPDQ-FM, KRYP |
| History | |
| First air date | April 1981 (as KTIL-FM in Tillamook)
September 1, 2001 (as KFIS in Scappoose) |
| Former call signs | *Tillamook*:
KTIL-FM (1981–1999)
KJUN (1999–2001) |
| Call sign meaning | **K** **FIS**H (on-air branding) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 50553 |
| Class | C2 |
| ERP | 6,900 watts
7,000 with beam tilt |
| HAAT | 386 meters (1,266 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 45°29′20″N 122°41′40″W / 45.48889°N 122.69444°W / 45.48889; -122.69444 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | TheFishPortland.com |


title: Pârâul Băutor

abstract: The Pârâul Băutor is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mare, in Romania. It flows into the Târnava Mare in Sub Cetate. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 71 km⁲ (27 sq mi).

text:
# Pârâul Băutor

The **Pârâul Băutor** (also: *Ivo*) is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mare, in Romania. It flows into the Târnava Mare in Sub Cetate. Its length is 17 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 71 km2 (27 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Pârâul Băutor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Harghita County |
| Villages | Izvoare |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Târnava Mare |
| coordinates | 46°26′45″N 25°23′10″E / 46.4457°N 25.3862°E / 46.4457; 25.3862 |
| Length | 17 km (11 mi) |
| Basin size | 71 km2 (27 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Târnava MareTârnavaMureșTiszaDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Șugo |


title: Jürgen Roland

abstract: Jürgen Roland, born Jürgen Schellack was a German film director. Roland was described as the "father of German TV crime shows". He directed about 80 TV productions and 30 movies.

text:
# Jürgen Roland

**Jürgen Roland**, born **Jürgen Schellack** (25 December 1925  21 September 2007) was a German film director. Roland was described as the "father of German TV crime shows". He directed about 80 TV productions and 30 movies.

## Life and career

Roland was born on 25 December 1925 in Hamburg as Jürgen Schellack. He started his career as a radio host for the North western German Radio Station (NWDR) in 1945, and was one of the first presenters for the TV station of the NWDR in 1951. Norddeutscher Rundfunk Station Manager Jobst Plog said, that Jürgen Roland "\[...\] belonged to the ranks of young radio reporter, who contributed after the war to the legendary reputation of the then NWDR." Roland's first TV series *Der Polizeibericht meldet ...* (lit. *the police reports ...*) was a detailed description of real crimes, filmed accurate and faithful.

The TV series *Stahlnetz* (lit. steel net, *Dragnet*) caused Roland's fame. For the 1958s crime series, Roland worked with screenwriter Wolfgang Menge. The cases were based on real crimes also, and the series was a blockbuster in Germany. After his work for the TV station Roland directed several movies, the 1960s *Der grüne Bogenschütze* (The Green Archer)starring Gert Fröbewas based on an Edgar Wallace's novel of 1923.

Roland directed several *Tatort* (*crime scene*) episodes, and as of 2007, Roland's TV series *Großstadtrevier* (*metropolitan precinct*) was shown for 21 years in German TV.

## Filmography

### *Stahlnetz*

German TV series for the Norddeutscher Rundfunk, based on real crimes. Roland directed 22 episodes and was screenwriter for 2 episodes. The series is filmed in black and white, the first episode of season 1 was aired 1958. German actors Hellmut Lange and Helmut Peine were in the cast.

### *Dem Täter auf der Spur*

* 1967: *Am Rande der Manege*
* 1967: *10 Kisten Whisky*
* 1968: *Schrott*
* 1969: *Das Fenster zum Garten*
* 1969: *Familienärger*
* 1970: *Frau gesucht…*
* 1970: *Puppen reden nicht*
* 1970: *Froschmänner*
* 1970: *Schlagzeile: Mord*
* 1971: *Tod am Steuer*
* 1971: *Flugstunde*
* 1972: *In Schönheit sterben*
* 1972: *Ohne Kranz und Blumen*
* 1972: *Der Tod in der Maske*
* 1972: *Kein Hafer für Nicolo*
* 1973: *Blinder Haß*
* 1973: *Stellwerk 3*

### *Tatort*

#### As actor

* 1988: *Pleitegeier*, as Anton Marek
* 2001: *Tod vor Scharhörn*, as Polizeipräsident von Hamburg (Head of the Hamburg Police Department)

### *Großstadtrevier*

Roland directed 46 episodes of the German TV series *Großstadtrevier* (*metropolitan precinct*), produced by the Norddeutscher Rundfunk.

* 1986: *Kein Tag wie jeder andere*
* 1986: *Wühlmäuse*
* 1986: *Mensch, der Bulle ist 'ne Frau*
* 1986: *Speedy*
* 1986: *Prosit Neujahr*
* 1987: *Amamos und Konsorten*
* 1987: *Der Champ*
* 1987: *Fahrerflucht*
* 1987: *Rote Karte für Thomas?*
* 1989: *Dame in Not (Kommentator)*
* 1991: *Das schwarze Schaf*
* 1991: *Treffpunkt Kino*
* 1992: *Der Neue* (including Roland's voice)
* 1992: *Auf Gift gebaut* (appearances as officer-in-charge)
* 1992: *Revanche* (appearance as hall speaker)
* 1997: *Der Praktikant*
* 1997: *Das Stuntgirl*
* 1997: *Die Aufsteiger*
* 1999: *Zeugen*

## InfoBox

| Jürgen Roland | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Jürgen Schellack
(1925-12-25)25 December 1925
Hamburg, Germany |
| Died | 21 September 2007(2007-09-21) (aged 81)
Hamburg, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation(s) | Director, screenwriter, producer |
| Employer(s) | Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk |
| Known for | TV series and movies |


title: KRAO-FM

abstract: KRAO-FM, also known as myRadio 102.5, is a hot adult contemporary radio station broadcasting in the Palouse region of Northern Idaho and Eastern Washington. Licensed to Colfax, Washington, United States, the station is currently owned by Inland Northwest Broadcasting, LLC.

text:
# KRAO-FM

**KRAO-FM** (102.5 FM), also known as **myRadio 102.5**, is a hot adult contemporary radio station broadcasting in the Palouse region of Northern Idaho and Eastern Washington. Licensed to Colfax, Washington, United States, the station is currently owned by Inland Northwest Broadcasting, LLC.

## History

The station went on the air as KRAO-FM on November 29, 1989.

## InfoBox

KRAO-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 102.5 MHz |
| Branding | *MyRadio 102.5* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Hot adult contemporary |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Inland Northwest Broadcasting, LLC |
| History | |
| First air date | 1989 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 15269 |
| Class | C3 |
| ERP | 2,200 watts |
| HAAT | 329 meters (1,079 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 46°51′44.00″N 117°10′20.00″W / 46.8622222°N 117.1722222°W / 46.8622222; -117.1722222 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | KRAO website |


title: Pyhäjoki

abstract: Pyhäjoki is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the defunct province of Oulu, which was split in two regions; Pyhäjoki is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. It is located 102 kilometres (63 mi) southwest of the city of Oulu. The municipality is located on the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the river Pyhäjoki. It has a population of 2,982 and covers an area of 1,365.09 square kilometres (527.06 sq mi) of which 823.25 km⁲ (317.86 sq mi) is water. The population density is 5.49 inhabitants per square kilometre (14.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The subject of the coat of arms of Pyhäjoki refers to the large boulder of Hanhikivi near the mouth of the Pyhäjoki river, which was considered by the Russians at the end of the 15th century as the landmark of the Treaty of Nöteborg from 1323; a crown and cross pattern is carved into the stone as a landmark. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson and approved by the Pyhäjoki Municipal Council at its meeting on June 18, 1965. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the use of the coat of arms on September 22 of the same year. Fennovoima, a Finnish nuclear power company, plans to build a nuclear power plant at Hanhikivi in the municipality. The power plant would be operational in 2029.

text:
# Pyhäjoki

**Pyhäjoki** (Finnish pronunciation: \[ˈpyhæˌjoki\]; literally the "Holy River") is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the defunct province of Oulu, which was split in two regions; Pyhäjoki is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. It is located 102 kilometres (63 mi) southwest of the city of Oulu.

The municipality is located on the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the river Pyhäjoki. It has a population of 2,982 (31 August 2024) and covers an area of 1,365.09 square kilometres (527.06 sq mi) of which 823.25 km2 (317.86 sq mi) is water. The population density is 5.49 inhabitants per square kilometre (14.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The subject of the coat of arms of Pyhäjoki refers to the large boulder of Hanhikivi ("Goose Rock") near the mouth of the Pyhäjoki river, which was considered by the Russians at the end of the 15th century as the landmark of the Treaty of Nöteborg from 1323; a crown and cross pattern is carved into the stone as a landmark. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson and approved by the Pyhäjoki Municipal Council at its meeting on June 18, 1965. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the use of the coat of arms on September 22 of the same year.

Fennovoima, a Finnish nuclear power company, plans to build a nuclear power plant at Hanhikivi in the municipality. The power plant would be operational in 2029.

Media related to Pyhäjoki at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pyhäjoki | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| *Pyhäjoen kunta*
*Pyhäjoki kommun* | |
| Pyhäjoki Municipal Hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Pyhäjoki in Finland | |
| Coordinates: 64°27′50″N 24°15′40″E / 64.46389°N 24.26111°E / 64.46389; 24.26111 | |
| Country | Finland |
| Region | North Ostrobothnia |
| Sub-region | Raahe |
| Charter | 1865 |
| Government | |
| Municipal manager | Matti Soronen |
| Area (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,365.09 km2 (527.06 sq mi) |
| Land | 543.21 km2 (209.73 sq mi) |
| Water | 823.25 km2 (317.86 sq mi) |
| Rank | 159th largest in Finland |
| Population (2024-08-31) | |
| Total | 2,982 |
| Rank | 213th largest in Finland |
| Density | 5.49/km2 (14.2/sq mi) |
| Population by native language | |
| Finnish | 95.4% (official) |
| Swedish | 0.2% |
| Others | 4.3% |
| Population by age | |
| 0 to 14 | 17.4% |
| 15 to 64 | 53.4% |
| 65 or older | 29.3% |
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
| Website | www.pyhajoki.fi |


title: KP Energy

abstract: KP Energy Limited is an Indian wind energy company headquartered in Gujarat, India.

text:
# KP Energy

**KP Energy Limited** is an Indian wind energy company headquartered in Gujarat, India.

## History

KP Energy was incorporated in 2010. By 2012, it had secured an allotment of 56 lease spots for potential wind farms in Gujarat. Over time, the company expanded its operations through acquisitions and Joint Development Agreements (JDAs) with various partners to construct and manage power plants. In 2015, the company transitioned to a public entity and rebranded as K.P. Energy Limited. In 2018, KP Energy announced an agreement with GE India to establish a 300-megawatt (MW) wind power project in Kutch, Gujarat.

In 2019, KP Energy formed a partnership with CLP India, a major foreign investor in the Indian power sector, to develop a 250.8 MW wind project in Dwarka, Gujarat. This project was secured by CLP India through tranche VIII auctions conducted by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). Earlier in June of the same year, CLP India and KP Energy had signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the development of wind sites ranging from 50 MW to 300 MW.

In September 2022, the company entered into an agreement with Aditya Birla Renewables to develop wind projects in Bhungar and Fulsar, located in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. The company owns 8.4MW of wind energy and has recently commissioned a 10MW solar power project.

KP Energy commissioned a new 10.5 MW (Phase-V) ISTS-connected wind power plant in Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat, consisting of five 2.1 MW wind turbine units.

## Operations

The company's business is currently divided into three segments. The first segment is engineering, procurement, construction, and commissioning (EPCC). In this segment, the company is responsible for identifying optimal wind energy sites and preparing them for construction.

Apart from the EPCC business, the company owns 8.4MW of wind energy and has recently commissioned a 10MW solar power project.

## InfoBox

KP Energy Limited
| Company type | Public |
| --- | --- |
| Traded as | BSE: 539686 |
| Industry | Wind energy |
| Founded | 2010 |
| Founder | Faruk G Patel |
| Headquarters | Gujarat, India |
| Area served | India |
| Revenue | ( ₹74.12 Cr (2020)) |
| Website | www.kpenergy.in |


title: KPDQ-FM

abstract: KPDQ-FM is a commercial radio station in Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Salem Media Group and serves the Portland metropolitan area, with a Christian talk and teaching radio format. The studios and offices are on SE Lake Road in Portland. KPDQ-FM is co-owned with KPDQ, also a Christian talk and teaching station. Each station runs its own schedule. Among the religious leaders heard on KPDQ-FM are Chuck Swindoll, David Jeremiah, Jim Daly, Tony Evans and John MacArthur. Hosts pay Salem Media for time on the station and may use their broadcasts to appeal for donations to their ministries. KPDQ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts. The main transmitter is atop Portland's west hills, off SW Fairmount Court. In addition, KPDQ-FM is heard on four FM translator stations, to improve reception in other Oregon communities.

text:
# KPDQ-FM

**KPDQ-FM** (93.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Salem Media Group and serves the Portland metropolitan area, with a Christian talk and teaching radio format. The studios and offices are on SE Lake Road in Portland. KPDQ-FM is co-owned with KPDQ, also a Christian talk and teaching station. Each station runs its own schedule. Among the religious leaders heard on KPDQ-FM are Chuck Swindoll, David Jeremiah, Jim Daly, Tony Evans and John MacArthur. Hosts pay Salem Media for time on the station and may use their broadcasts to appeal for donations to their ministries.

KPDQ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts (52,000 with beam tilt). The main transmitter is atop Portland's west hills, off SW Fairmount Court. In addition, KPDQ-FM is heard on four FM translator stations, to improve reception in other Oregon communities.

## History

### Early years

KPDQ-FM signed on the air on October 8, 1961, originally at 93.7 MHz. At first, it simulcasted the same religious programming heard on co-owned KPDQ (AM 800), which originally was a daytimer, required to sign off at sunset. In the 1970s, KPDQ-FM began airing separate religious programming. KPDQ-FM was owned by George W. Davis, who had founded KPDQ in 1947.

In the 1980s, Davis' son, George Davis II, became the president of the Inspirational Broadcasting Corporation, the new name for the company that owned both stations. In August 1986, Inspirational Broadcasting sold KPDQ-AM-FM to Salem Media.

### Frequency switch

In early 2006, KPDQ-FM moved one spot up the dial, to 93.9 MHz. It was part of a multi-station switch, with KAST-FM in Astoria permitted to move into the Portland radio market. That station is now Regional Mexican-formatted KRYP (licensed to Gladstone), also owned by Salem Media.

As part of the move, KPDQ-FM had to downgrade from Class C to Class C1. In addition, it had to cut its 97,000 watt output nearly in half.

## InfoBox

KPDQ-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Portland metropolitan area, Northern Willamette Valley |
| Frequency | 93.9 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian talk and teaching |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | KDZR, KFIS, KPDQ (AM), KRYP, KPAM |
| History | |
| First air date | October 8, 1961 (at 93.7) |
| Former frequencies | 93.7 MHz (1961–2006) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 58629 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 50,000 watts<br>52,000 with beam tilt |
| HAAT | 387 meters (1270 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 45°29′20″N 122°41′40″W / 45.48889°N 122.69444°W / 45.48889; -122.69444 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | KPDQ-FM Webstream |
| Website | kpdq.com |


title: FK Omladinac Novi Banovci

abstract: FK Omladinac Novi Banovci is a football club based in Novi Banovci, Vojvodina, Serbia. They compete in the Serbian League Vojvodina, the third tier of the national league system.

text:
# FK Omladinac Novi Banovci

**FK Omladinac Novi Banovci** (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Омладинац Нови Бановци) is a football club based in Novi Banovci, Vojvodina, Serbia. They compete in the Serbian League Vojvodina, the third tier of the national league system.

## History

The first football game in Novi Banovci was held on 1 September 1947, which is considered to be the club's foundation date. They spent six seasons in the fourth tier of Serbian football, before earning promotion to the Serbian League Vojvodina in 2015.

## Honours

**Novi Sad-Srem Zone League** (Tier 4)

* 2014–15

## Seasons

| Season | League | | | | | | | | | Cup |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Division | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Pts | Pos | |
| Serbia | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2010–11 | 4 – Vojvodina West | 30 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 58 | 50 | 41 | 8th |  |
| 2011–12 | 4 – Vojvodina West | 30 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 34 | 28 | 45 | 7th |  |
| 2012–13 | 4 – Vojvodina West | 30 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 35 | 36 | 39 | 9th |  |
| 2013–14 | 4 – Vojvodina West | 28 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 44 | 23 | 51 | 3rd |  |
| 2014–15 | 4 – Novi Sad-Srem | 30 | 22 | 1 | 7 | 62 | 26 | 67 | 1st |  |
| 2015–16 | 3 – Vojvodina | 30 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 31 | 34 | 35 | 13th |  |
| 2016–17 | 3 – Vojvodina | 28 | 19 | 3 | 6 | 52 | 28 | 60 | 2nd |  |
| 2017–18 | 3 – Vojvodina | 30 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 49 | 38 | 44 | 7th |  |
| 2018–19 | 3 – Vojvodina | 32 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 38 | 34 | 52 | 3rd |  |
| 2019–20 | 3 – Vojvodina | 17 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 17 | 22 | 9th |  |
| 2020–21 | 3 – Vojvodina | 38 | 16 | 13 | 9 | 57 | 32 | 61 | 6th |  |
| 2021–22 | 3 – Vojvodina | 30 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 51 | 38 | 45 | 6th |  |
| 2022–23 | 3 – Vojvodina | 28 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 45 | 29 | 41 | 5th |  |

## Managerial history

| Period | Name |
| --- | --- |
|  | Goran Dragoljić |
| 2016–2018 | Dragan Stevanović |
| 2018 | Miodrag Radisavljević |
| 2019 | Pavle Buna |
| 2019–2020 | Dragan Stevanović |
| 2020–2021 | Jovan Golić |
| 2021 | Branislav Bajić |
| 2021–2022 | Dragan Stevanović |
| 2022 | Andrija Poljak |
| 2022 | Marko Andrejić |
| 2022–2023 | Nikola Drinčić |
| 2023– | Igor Ležaić |

1. "Omladinac(NB)" (in Serbian). fkomladinac.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
2. "Gotova sezona za pamćenje" (in Serbian). fkomladinac.com. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.

## InfoBox

Omladinac Novi Banovci
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | FK Omladinac Novi Banovci |
| Founded | 1 September 1947 (1 September 1947) |
| Ground | Stadion FK Omladinac |
| Capacity | 600 |
| President | Milan Beara |
| Head coach | Igor Ležaić |
| League | Serbian League Vojvodina |
| 2022–23 | Serbian League Vojvodina, 5th of 16 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Michael Shane Neal

abstract: Michael Shane Neal is an American portrait artist who currently serves as the chairman of the Portrait Society of America. In 2020, Neal's painting of Congressman John Lewis was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Gallery as a part of their permanent exhibit entitled "The Struggle for Justice." Neal has created official portraits for the United States Capitol of U.S. Senator Arthur Vandenberg, former Majority Leader and U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd, 10th Architect of the Capitol Alan Hantman, and over 400 works of art depicting various public figures. Commissions include Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor for the Sandra Day O'Connor School of Law at Arizona State University, former Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham for the Department of Energy, and U.S. Senator Arlen Specter for Yale Law School.

text:
# Michael Shane Neal

**Michael Shane Neal** (born November 23, 1968) is an American portrait artist who currently serves as the chairman of the Portrait Society of America. In 2020, Neal's painting of Congressman John Lewis was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Gallery as a part of their permanent exhibit entitled "The Struggle for Justice." Neal has created official portraits for the United States Capitol of U.S. Senator Arthur Vandenberg, former Majority Leader and U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd, 10th Architect of the Capitol Alan Hantman, and over 400 works of art depicting various public figures. Commissions include Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor for the Sandra Day O'Connor School of Law at Arizona State University, former Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham for the Department of Energy, and U.S. Senator Arlen Specter for Yale Law School.

## Background

Neal's commission to paint Senator Arthur Vandenberg for the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. was the first portrait of its kind to be added to the Senate Reception Room in nearly 50 years. Neal received the commission at age 32, making him among the youngest artists ever commissioned by the United States Senate.

A protégé of the nation's leading portrait artist Everett Raymond Kinstler, Neal exhibited alongside Kinstler in a 2003 show entitled *Realism Now: Mentors and Protégées* at America's oldest gallery, The Vose Galleries, in Boston, Massachusetts. Neal was listed among 20 rising stars in the world of art by *American Artist*.

His work has been featured in publications such as *American Artist*, *International Artist*, *Artist's Sketchbook*, *The Artist's Magazine*, *Art News*, *Fine Art Connoisseur*, *Roll Call*, *The Hill*, and AskMen.com. Neal has been elected to membership to the National Arts Club, Allied Artists of America, Audubon Artists of America, and Portrait Society of America. He is represented in notable commissions by Portraits, Inc.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Michael Shane Neal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1968-11-23) November 23, 1968 |


title: Gordon Samuels

abstract: Gordon Jacob Samuels, was a British-Australian lawyer and judge who served as the 36th Governor of New South Wales from 1996 to 2001. Born in London in 1923, Samuels was educated at University College School and Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in the Second World War, he was called to the bar and emigrated to Australia in 1949. Serving as a barrister in Sydney, Samuels was made a Queen's Counsel in 1964 and appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 1972. Samuels was later appointed a Judge of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in 1974, serving till his mandatory retirement in 1993, aged 70. A member of the University of New South Wales Council from 1969, Samuels was appointed Chancellor of the University of New South Wales in 1976, serving until 1994, being the longest-serving Chancellor. On retirement from law, Samuels became Chairman of the Law Reform Commission of New South Wales, a position he held until he was appointed governor in 1996. As Governor of New South Wales, he endured significant controversy over the decision not to reside in Government House, Sydney. Despite this he served with distinction and retired in March 2001. He died aged 84 in December 2007.

text:
# Gordon Samuels

**Gordon Jacob Samuels**, AC, CVO, QC (12 August 1923 – 10 December 2007) was a British-Australian lawyer and judge who served as the 36th Governor of New South Wales from 1996 to 2001.

Born in London in 1923, Samuels was educated at University College School and Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in the Second World War, he was called to the bar and emigrated to Australia in 1949. Serving as a barrister in Sydney, Samuels was made a Queen's Counsel in 1964 and appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 1972.

Samuels was later appointed a Judge of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in 1974, serving till his mandatory retirement in 1993, aged 70. A member of the University of New South Wales Council from 1969, Samuels was appointed Chancellor of the University of New South Wales in 1976, serving until 1994, being the longest-serving Chancellor. On retirement from law, Samuels became Chairman of the Law Reform Commission of New South Wales, a position he held until he was appointed governor in 1996. As Governor of New South Wales, he endured significant controversy over the decision not to reside in Government House, Sydney. Despite this he served with distinction and retired in March 2001. He died aged 84 in December 2007.

## Early life and background

Samuels was born on 12 August 1923 in London, England, to a family of Jewish origin. His grandfather, Jacob Samuels, left Lithuania for Edinburgh. He travelled to Australia and married Mary Michaelson, whom he had met in Edinburgh. They ran a general store in Walcha, New South Wales, where Samuels' father, Harry, was born. Harry ran a cinema in Moree before going to war in France with his brother, Lou, who won the Military Cross. Harry married Zelda Glass after the war and they settled in Cricklewood, London, where Samuels was born.

Samuels was educated at University College School and Balliol College, University of Oxford. At Oxford he was awarded the degree of a Master of Arts. When the Second World War broke out, he joined the British Army in 1942, serving in the Royal Artillery in the 96th Field Regiment (Royal Devon Yeomanry), achieving his commission as captain. Serving in Northern Ireland, India and Malaya, Samuels was demobilised in 1946.

Entering the legal profession, Samuels was called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1948. The following year he emigrated to Australia and worked as a clerk for Dawson Waldron Edwards and Nicholls (now Ashurst Australia). Called to the New South Wales bar in 1952, Samuels gained a reputation as being a "persuasive advocate and destructive cross-examiner". He married Jacqueline Kott in 1957 and had two daughters named Deborah and Selina. Between 1964 and 1970, he was the Challis Lecturer of Law in Pleading at the University of Sydney. In 1964, he was appointed Queen's Counsel for New South Wales and later for Victoria in 1965. In 1971, Samuels was elected as the President of the New South Wales Bar Association, in which capacity he served until 1972.

## Judicial and academic career

In 1972, Samuels was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, being elevated to the Court of Appeal in 1974. As a Judge of Appeal until 1992, and as an Acting Judge afterwards until 1993, he participated in many of the leading decisions of that court. On Samuels time as a Judge, Justice Michael Kirby commented: "His talents as an appellate judge shone brightly. No judge was more gifted in delivering accurate and elegant ex-tempore reasons immediately following argument. He displayed a command of facts and law and the well-furnished mind that he brought to the resolution of every judicial problem."

While a Judge of Appeal, Samuels performed many other public functions. These included as President of the Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences (1974–1976), President of the Australian Society of Legal Philosophy (1976–1979), President of the Commonwealth Security Appeals Tribunal (1989–1990), Chairman of the Australian Legal Education Council (1981–1985), and Presiding Member of the Advisory Committee on the Educational Needs of Overseas Trained Doctors and of the NSW Migrant Employment and Qualifications Board (1992–1995).

A member of the University of New South Wales Council from 1969, Samuels was appointed Chancellor of the University of New South Wales in 1976. In this time he was involved in the establishment of the UNSW foundation, became a life member of the UNSW Sports Association, was the inaugural presiding member of the Australia Ensemble and became patron of the UNSW Alumni Association. On 8 June 1987, Samuels was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for "service to learning, to the community and to law".

In 1992 the "Samuels Building" was opened on the UNSW Kensington campus. This new research building was named in his and his wife's honour in recognition of their services to the university since 1976. When he retired from this position in 1994, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa, by the university. His wife, Mrs Samuels, was awarded the degree of Doctor of the University, honoris causa. On turning 70 in 1993, the age of mandatory judicial retirement, Samuels retired from the bench and became Chairman of the Law Reform Commission of New South Wales, a position he held until he was appointed governor in 1996.

## Governor of New South Wales

The appointment of Samuels as Governor of New South Wales in 1996 was followed by some controversy, not because of any doubt about his qualifications, but because of the accompanying announcement by the Premier of New South Wales, Bob Carr. On 16 January 1996 Carr announced that the next Governor would be Samuels, that he would not live or work at Government House, Sydney and that he would retain his appointment as Chairman of the New South Wales Law Reform Commission. On these changes, Carr said: "The Office of the Governor should be less associated with pomp and ceremony, less encumbered by anachronistic protocol, more in tune with the character of the people." This decision was seen by conservatives as an attempt by Carr, a republican, to downgrade the importance of the office of governor.

On this announcement, The *Sydney Morning Herald*, in its Editorial column, noted that: "There is an inconsistency in saying that the Office of the Governor should be 'more in tune with the character of the people' while reviewing, presumably with a view to cutting back, the number of ceremonial and social functions the Governor performs. If Mr Samuels withdraws, or is forced to withdraw, from such apparently mundane matters as opening country shows, or being patron of community organisations, it can hardly be said that he is bringing the office closer to the people." In further response to Carr's decision the group Australians for Constitutional Monarchy organised a protest that saw a crowd of 15,000 protested outside Parliament House, Sydney, blocking Macquarie Street. On the day before Samuels' swearing-in, a petition bearing 55,000 signatures was handed in, calling on the Premier to reconsider.

Nevertheless, despite this turbulent beginning in office, particularly in terms of a change in role, Samuels was able to continue many of the traditions of office and served with dignity and distinction until his retirement in March 2001. On 21 March 2000 the Queen appointed him a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO). Before his departure from office, the Opposition Leader, Kerry Chikarovski, noted that while there was controversy over Government House at the start of his term: "There was a great deal of feeling about the issue and among some people that feeling remains. But it was never reflected personally on the Hon. Gordon Samuels. It was reflected against the Government at the time but it was never a reflection on the Governor. Gordon Samuels carried out his duties as the Governor very effectively." Chikarovski was also quoted as saying "As time went on it became perfectly clear that the Governor was going to devote all of his time, and his wife all of her time, to the job, which they intended to perform in pretty much the usual way, including the pomp and ceremony of formal openings of Parliament."

## Later life

Samuels remained active after his governorship, inquiring into activities of the Australian Secret Intelligence Organisation and allegations that "loose talk" by diplomatic staff had led to the exposure of agent Warren Reed. In 2002, Samuels attacked Prime Minister John Howard's response to Senator Bill Heffernan's "vicious attack" on Justice Michael Kirby, using a false document as evidence: "It is incredible that the Prime Minister, if he was indeed opposed to Heffernan's intention, did not ask for the evidence upon which the senator relied. What was in contemplation was an attack of the gravest kind upon the fitness of a High Court judge. Would not the Prime Minister have asked his friend of whom he speaks in affectionate terms to show him the material which justified so serious a course?"

Samuels also resumed his activities in the Law Reform Commission, serving as a Part-time commissioner from 2001 to 2007. He died of a cancer-related illness on 10 December 2007, survived by his wife, Jacqueline, their two daughters, Deborah and Selina Samuels and his grandchildren Rebecca and Samuel. Samuels requested not to be given a state funeral.

## Honours

| Viceregal styles of
**Gordon Samuels** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | His Excellency |
| Spoken style | Your Excellency |

|  | Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) | 1987 |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) | 2000 |
|  | Knight of Justice of the Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ) | 1996 |
|  | Defence Medal |  |
|  | War Medal 1939–1945 |  |
|  | Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal | 1977 |
|

### Honorary degrees

### Citations

### Sources

## InfoBox

| The HonourableGordon SamuelsAC, CVO, QC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 36th Governor of New South Wales | |
| **In office**
1 March 1996  1 March 2001 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Premier | Bob Carr |
| Lieutenant | Murray Gleeson (1996–1998)
James Spigelman (1998–2001) |
| Preceded by | Peter Sinclair |
| Succeeded by | Marie Bashir |
| Judge of the New South Wales Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
20 November 1972  23 March 1992 | |
| Judge of the New South Wales Court of Appeal | |
| **In office**
12 August 1974  23 March 1992 | |
| 4th Chancellor of the University of New South Wales | |
| **In office**
1976–1994 | |
| Preceded by | Sir Robert Webster |
| Succeeded by | Sir Anthony Mason |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1923-08-12)12 August 1923
London, England |
| Died | 10 December 2007(2007-12-10) (aged 84)
Sydney, Australia |
| Spouse | Jacqueline Kott |
| Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1942–1946 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | 96th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery |
| Battles/wars | Second World War |
|  | |


title: Global Governance

abstract: Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations is an academic quarterly journal. It was published by Lynne Rienner Publishers in the past, and is now published by Brill Publishers. It is published in association with the Academic Council of the United Nations System (ACUNS). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.016, ranking it 28th out of 85 journals in the category "International Relations".

text:
# Global Governance

***Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations*** is an academic quarterly journal. It was published by Lynne Rienner Publishers in the past, and is now published by Brill Publishers. It is published in association with the Academic Council of the United Nations System (ACUNS). According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.016, ranking it 28th out of 85 journals in the category "International Relations".

## InfoBox

*Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | International relations |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Tom Farer
Timothy D. Sisk |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1995–present |
| Publisher | Brill Publishers (United States) |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Impact factor | 1.016 (2014) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Glob. Gov.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1075-2846 (print)
1942-6720 (web)
 |
| JSTOR | globgove |
| OCLC no. | 300238667 |
| Links | |
|  | |


abstract: The Highways Act 2004 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

text:
# Highways (Obstruction by Body Corporate) Act 2004

The **Highways (Obstruction by Body Corporate) Act 2004** (c. 29) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

## Parliamentary debates

The Bill for this Act passed through its stages in the House of Commons on the following dates:

| First Reading | 7 January 2004 |
| --- | --- |
| Second Reading | 6 February 2004 |
| Committee | 11 March 2004 |
| Report and Third Reading | 21 May 2004 |
|

The Bill for this Act passed through its stages in the House of Lords on the following dates:

| First Reading | 24 May 2004 |
| --- | --- |
| Second Reading | 16 July 2004 |
| Committee | 21 October 2004 |
| Third Reading | 8 November 2004 |
|

## Section 1 - Liability of officers etc. for obstruction by body corporate

Section 1(1) inserts references to sections 137 and 137ZA of Highways Act 1980 into section 314(3) of that Act.

Section 1(2) provides that section 314 of that Act applies by virtue of this section to any offence under section 137ZA(3) committed after the commencement of this Act, including one committed in respect of an order made before that commencement.

## Section 2 - Commencement and short title

Section 2(1) provides that the Act came into force at the end of the period of two months that began on the date on which it was passed. The word "months" means calendar months. The day (that is to say, 15 November 2004) on which the Act was passed (that is to say, received royal assent) is included in the period of two months. This means that the Act came into force on 15 January 2005.

## InfoBox

Highways (Obstruction by Body Corporate) Act 2004
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | An Act to apply section 314 of the Highways Act 1980 to offences under sections 137 and 137ZA of that Act. |
| Citation | 2004 c. 29 |
| Territorial extent | England and Wales |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 15 November 2004 |
| Commencement | 15 January 2005 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Revised text of statute as amended | |


title: Vernon Driscoll

abstract: Vernon Driscoll was an Australian cricketer. He played four first-class matches for Tasmania between 1927 and 1932.

text:
# Vernon Driscoll

**Vernon Driscoll** (11 April 1891  19 March 1967) was an Australian cricketer. He played four first-class matches for Tasmania between 1927 and 1932.

## InfoBox

Vernon Driscoll
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1891-04-11)11 April 1891
Glebe, Tasmania, Australia |
| Died | 19 March 1967(1967-03-19) (aged 75)
Bellerive, Tasmania, Australia |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1927-1932 | Tasmania |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 1 March 2016 | |


title: Goodbye Blue Monday (album)

abstract: Goodbye Blue Monday is the third album by the Canadian singer-songwriter Jeremy Fisher. It was released on March 11, 2007, by Aquarius Records in Canada and on August 28, 2007, in the United States. The album title is the alternative name for Kurt Vonnegut's novel Breakfast of Champions.

text:
# Goodbye Blue Monday (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Goodbye Blue Monday*** is the third album by the Canadian singer-songwriter Jeremy Fisher. It was released on March 11, 2007, by Aquarius Records in Canada and on August 28, 2007, in the United States.

The album title is the alternative name for Kurt Vonnegut's novel *Breakfast of Champions*.

## Critical reception

*Exclaim!* wrote that "Fisher does have a pleasingly warm voice and a flair for melody, while the instrumentation and production work is solid." *No Depression* called Fisher "a better derivative than most, with a lucent voice and an almost too-easy facility with melody." *The Washington Post* wrote that the album "brim\[s\] with his jaunty, literate acoustic pop-folk."

## Track listing

All songs were written by Jeremy Fisher, except where noted.

1. "Scar that Never Heals" – 3:38
2. "Jolene" – 3:08
3. "Cigarette" (Fisher, Jay Joyce) – 3:04
4. "American Girls" – 3:38
5. "Goodbye Blue Monday" – 4:37
6. "Lay Down (Ballad of Rigoberto Alpizar)" – 4:05
7. "High School" – 3:48 / "Remind Me" on Canadian version — 3:33
8. "Sula" – 4:05
9. "16MM Dream" – 4:17
10. "Left Behind" – 3:26
11. "Fall for Anything" – 5:54

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Goodbye Blue Monday | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jeremy Fisher | |
| Released | March 11, 2007
August 28, 2007 |
| Recorded | Signal Path Studios, Almonte, ON |
| Genre | Folk pop |
| Length | 43:30 |
| Label | Aquarius
Wind-up |
| Producer | Hawksley Workman |
| Jeremy Fisher chronology | |
| *Let It Shine*
(2004) ***Goodbye Blue Monday***
(2007) *Flood*
(2010) | |