title: Nigel Porter

abstract: Nigel Carl Porter is a Liberal Democrat politician in the City of Leicester. He served as the Leader of the Opposition on the Leicester City Council from 2019 to 2023, and has been a ward councillor for Aylestone since 2004.

text:
# Nigel Porter

**Nigel Carl Porter** is a Liberal Democrat politician in the City of Leicester. He served as the Leader of the Opposition on the Leicester City Council from 2019 to 2023, and has been a ward councillor for Aylestone since 2004.

## Political career

Nigel Porter was first elected as a ward councillor for Aylestone in a 2004 by-election, retaining the seat for the Conservative Party following a vacancy caused by the departure of Jean Middleton. He held his seat at the 2007 local elections, finishing second in a two-person ward.

In January 2011, Porter was de-selected as the Conservative Party, pending an investigation into a breach of data protection laws. After a seven-month investigation, he was absolved of all charges. In March, Porter joined the Liberal Democrat group on the city council and was announced as the party's candidate in Aylestone Ward for the upcoming elections. He was the sole Liberal Democrat candidate returned at the 2011 City Council Elections, coming first in Aylestone Ward with 32.2% of the vote. Following the election, Porter attempted to create an opposition group coalition with the only remaining Conservative Councillor.

Porter received national attention after he was forced to apologise in 2017 after making an innuendo about the name of Labour Councillor, John Thomas during a city council debate. Porter called the investigation 'politically motivated' and 'something out of Stalin's Russia' after the Labour-ran Council attempted to have him removed from future Council meetings. Porter has repeatedly accused Labour councillors of bullying, including making jibes about his mental health, threats to 'break his knuckles' and being told that 'There's a lot of us and only one of you. You want to be careful'.

Porter was re-elected in the 2015 City Council election, with a majority of eighty-two votes over the third-placed Conservative candidate.

In 2019, Porter accused the Labour Council of "gagging" him during a budget debate after he was stopped from questioning Labour Mayor, Peter Soulsby's business interests in the Cultural Quarter.

Porter was the Liberal Democrat candidate for the directly elected mayor of Leicester in the 2019 election, pledging to support a referendum to abolish the position if elected. He finished fourth, receiving 5.0% of the vote. However, he was comfortably re-elected as a Councillor, finishing first in his ward. 2019 was the third consecutive election that he was the only Liberal Democrat elected in Leicester.

Following the 2019 Election, Porter was the only opposition councillor on the Leicester City Council. He thus took the position of Leader of the Opposition.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Porter called for face-masks to be provided for free to Leicester citizens, in light of rising cases in the city. The suggestion was labelled "ridiculous" by city mayor, Sir Peter Soulsby. Porter's intervention secured a donation of 2,000 face masks from private businesses for Aylestone residents. Porter subsequently called for Soulsby to resign after it emerged that the mayor had broken COVID-19 restrictions during lockdown.

Porter was reelected on 4 May 2023 with an increased majority and the second seat in the Aylestone ward was won by fellow Liberal Democrat candidate Scott Kennedy-Lount. The pair were joined Zuffar Haq who was elected in the Evington ward, resulting in a Liberal Democrat group of three councillors.

## InfoBox

| Cllr.Nigel Porter | |
| --- | --- |
| Nigel Porter in 2019 | |
|  | |
| Leader of the Opposition on Leicester City Council | |
| **In office**
2 May 2019  5 May 2023 | |
| Preceded by | *Vacant* |
| Succeeded by | Deepak Bajaj |
| Leicester City Councillor
for Aylestone Ward | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
27 September 2004 | |
| Preceded by | Jean Middleton |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Liberal Democrats (2011–present) |
| Other political
affiliations | Conservative (2004-2011) |
|  | |


title: Moose Mountain (Minnesota)

abstract: Moose Mountain is a peak in the Sawtooth Mountains of northeastern Minnesota in the United States. Its elevation is 1,689 feet above sea level. Located close to Lake Superior and reaching 1,087 feet (331 m) above its waters, it is part of the Lutsen Mountains ski resort.

text:
# Moose Mountain (Minnesota)

**Moose Mountain** is a peak in the Sawtooth Mountains of northeastern Minnesota in the United States. Its elevation is 1,689 feet (515 meters) above sea level. Located close to Lake Superior and reaching 1,087 feet (331 m) above its waters, it is part of the Lutsen Mountains ski resort.

1. "Moose Mountain, Minnesota". peakbagger.com. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-28.

## InfoBox

| Moose Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Fall colors from top of Moose Mountain | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,689 ft (515 m) |
| Coordinates | 47°39′N 90°44′W / 47.650°N 90.733°W / 47.650; -90.733 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Lutsen Township, Cook County, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Parent range | Sawtooth Mountains |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | gondola lift, hike up ski trail |


title: Ardozyga eustephana

abstract: Ardozyga eustephana is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from southern Queensland. The wingspan is 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in). The forewings are fuscous-whitish with patchy fuscous irroration and an angular spot at one-third of the disc, moderate in size, embracing the first discal and plical stigmata, the second discal before two-thirds, transversely elongate. There is a sub-apical blotch and terminal line, both fuscous. The hindwings are pale-grey.

text:
# Ardozyga eustephana

***Ardozyga eustephana*** is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from southern Queensland.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in). The forewings are fuscous-whitish with patchy fuscous irroration and an angular spot at one-third of the disc, moderate in size, embracing the first discal and plical stigmata, the second discal before two-thirds, transversely elongate. There is a sub-apical blotch and terminal line, both fuscous. The hindwings are pale-grey.

## InfoBox

| *Ardozyga eustephana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ardozyga* |
| Species: | ***A. eustephana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ardozyga eustephana***<br>(Turner, 1919) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Protolechia eustephana* Turner, 1919 | |


title: Industry and Parliament Trust

abstract:
The Industry and Parliament Trust (IPT) is a charity that works to promote the mutual understanding of Parliament and business. It works within the Parliament of the United Kingdom and organisations from all sectors of industry. It is non-partisan, non-lobbying and not-for-profit. Its activities include:
  - Fellowship programmes for Members of Parliament (MPs), peers and senior parliamentary staff. Fellowships provide the opportunity to gain hands-on experience at a variety of companies, spanning the various sectors through bespoke programmes of placements;
  - Courses, seminars, panel discussions, lectures and events for policymakers, business people, academics, and civil servants;
  - A series of policy events echoing the most pertinent issues of the day being discussed in Parliament and business.
  - MP attachments for civil servants. To see how MPs day-to-day decisions directly impacts the formulation of policy. The Industry and Parliament Trust is based in Whitehall, London, close to the Houses of Parliament.

text:
# Industry and Parliament Trust

The **Industry and Parliament Trust** (**IPT**) is a charity that works to promote the mutual understanding of Parliament and business. It works within the Parliament of the United Kingdom and organisations from all sectors of industry. It is non-partisan, non-lobbying and not-for-profit.

Its activities include:

* Fellowship programmes for Members of Parliament (MPs), peers and senior parliamentary staff. Fellowships provide the opportunity to gain hands-on experience at a variety of companies, spanning the various sectors through bespoke programmes of placements;
* Courses, seminars, panel discussions, lectures and events for policymakers, business people, academics, and civil servants;
* A series of policy events echoing the most pertinent issues of the day being discussed in Parliament and business.
* MP attachments for civil servants. To see how MPs day-to-day decisions directly impacts the formulation of policy.

The Industry and Parliament Trust is based in Whitehall, London, close to the Houses of Parliament.

## Fellowships

A quarter of the current House of Commons are Fellows of the Industry and Parliament Trust. Fellowships are open to all MPs, peers, UK MEPs and senior House Staff irrespective of their political party. Most Fellowships consist of 18 days over 18 to 24 months, and all programmes are explicitly educational and non-lobbying, intended to give parliamentarians a greater understanding of the issues facing business and the British economy.

High-profile IPT Fellows include:

All Fellows receive a cartoon upon completion of their Fellowship, an original copy of which is retained at the British Cartoon Archive at the University of Kent.

## Governance and secretariat

The IPT Board of Trustees includes seven MPs and three members of the House of Lords. It also includes representatives from business, legal and parliamentary clerks. The current chair of the trustees is Baroness Prosser and the Presidents are the Speaker of the House of Commons, The Rt Hon Sir Lindsay Hoyle MP and the Speaker of the House of Lords, The Lord Fowler Kt PC.

The Chief Executive is Nick Maher who began at the IPT in July 2011 having previously served in the Ministry of Defence on a team constructing a 'New Employment Model' for the Armed Forces. His predecessor was Sally Muggeridge, who served as Chief Executive for seven years.

The IPT employs eleven members of staff, all based in Whitehall, London.

## History

The IPT was founded in 1977 by the CEOs of 10 major British companies who sought to create dialogue between business and Parliament. It became a registered charity in 1983. The IPT has organised more than 600 Fellowship programmes since it was founded.

When the IPT was set up, just 15% of MPs had any direct business experience. Today that figure much higher, though needless to say there is still a substantial proportion of MPs without a comprehensive understanding of business.

In October 2009 the IPT commissioned a research project into the business experience of the Prospective Parliamentary Candidates (PPCs) who stood in the 2010 General Election. The research found that of the PPCs in winnable seats, less than half (48%) had any form of business management or financial services experience.

The IPT has sister projects in Wales (Industry and National Assembly for Wales Association) and Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland Assembly and Business Trust). A Scottish project, the Scottish Parliament Business Exchange closed in 2016. New Zealand has its own version of the model, the NZ Business & Parliament Trust.


title: Juda Wielburski Tenement

abstract: The Juda Wielburski Tenement, also known as the Potempski Tenement, is a neoclassical residential building, located in the city of Warsaw, Poland, at the crossing of 2 Marszałkowska Street, and 1 Szucha Avenue, near the Union of Lublin Square. It was built in the early 20th century, and currently holds the status of a cultural property. It is located within the district of Śródmieście (Downtown), in the municipal neighbourhood of Oleandrów, and the City Information System area of Śródmieście Południowe.

text:
# Juda Wielburski Tenement

The **Juda Wielburski Tenement**, also known as the **Potempski Tenement**, is a neoclassical residential building, located in the city of Warsaw, Poland, at the crossing of 2 Marszałkowska Street, and 1 Szucha Avenue, near the Union of Lublin Square. It was built in the early 20th century, and currently holds the status of a cultural property.

It is located within the district of Śródmieście (*Downtown*), in the municipal neighbourhood of Oleandrów, and the City Information System area of Śródmieście Południowe.

## History

The tenement was built in the early 20th century, during the development of the area around the Union of Lublin Square, and alongside Marszałkowska Street. The building survived the Second World War and the 1944 destruction of Warsaw.

On 24 July 2012, it was given the status of the cultural property protected by the city of Warsaw.

## Characteristics

The tenement is placed at the 2 Marszałkowska Street, and 1 Szucha Avenue. It has characteristic white elevation with the subtle neoclassical details. From the side of the Szucha Avenue it has a tower with staircase ended with the tented roof.

## Citations

### Notes

### References

1. Jarosław Zieliński: *Atlas dawnej architektury ulic i placów Warszawy*. vol 10: Mackiewicza-Mazowiecka. Warsaw: Biblioteka Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami, 2004, p. 215. ISBN 83-88372-28-9. (in Polish)
2. "UCHWAŁA Nr LIV/1534/2013 RADY MIASTA STOŁECZNEGO WARSZAWY z dnia 18 kwietnia 2013 r. w sprawie uchwalenia miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego rejonu Placu Unii Lubelskiej - część północna" (PDF). *edziennik.mazowieckie.pl* (in Polish).
3. "Kamienica przy ulicy Marszałkowskiej 2/Szucha 1". *polskaniezwykla.pl* (in Polish).
4. "GEZ: Aktualny wykaz zabytków (2017.09)" (PDF). *zabytki.um.warszawa.pl* (in Polish). September 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-12.
5. "Rady osiedli w Dzielnicy Śródmieście". *srodmiescie.um.warszawa.pl* (in Polish).
6. "Obszary MSI. Dzielnica Śródmieście". *zdm.waw.pl* (in Polish).

## InfoBox

| Juda Wielburski Tenement | |
| --- | --- |
| The Juda Wielburski Tenement in 2021. | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Residential building |
| Location | Warsaw, Poland |
| Address | 2 Marszałkowska Street / 1 Szucha Avenue |
| Coordinates | 52°12′51″N 21°01′01.18″E / 52.21417°N 21.0169944°E / 52.21417; 21.0169944 |
| Completed | 20th century |


title: Naruatsu Baba

abstract: Naruatsu Baba is a Japanese smartphone game developer and businessman, founder and majority owner of the smartphone-game maker, Colopl.

text:
# Naruatsu Baba

**Naruatsu Baba** (馬場 功淳, *Baba Naruatsu*) is a Japanese smartphone game developer and businessman, founder and majority owner of the smartphone-game maker, Colopl.

## Early life

Naruatsu Baba was born in Itami (near Osaka), Japan. He had heart problems during his youth (corrected by an operation while in university) and took up video games in lieu of intense physical activity. He graduated from Kyushu Institute of Technology.

## Career

Baba joined KLab in 2003 and briefly worked at GREE starting in 2007. However, even while working full-time at start-up companies, he had been developing mobile game applications and websites as a side business since his university days.

He founded Colopl in 2008 as a developer and owns 59% of the company. Colopl has five of the largest-grossing apps for Android smartphones, including Professional Baseball PRIDE, Treasure Trove Detective and Dino Dominion.

According to *Forbes*, he had an estimated net worth of $1.9 billion as of December 2014. The estimate had dwindled to $700 million by 2017

## Personal life

He is divorced, with one child.

## InfoBox

| Naruatsu Baba | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 1978<br>Itami, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Education | Kyushu Institute of Technology |
| Known for | Founder and majority owner of the smartphone-game maker Colopl |


title: Thomas Morrissey (Jesuit)

abstract: Fr. Thomas "Tom" J. Morrissey, born in 1929 in Limerick (Ireland), is an Irish Jesuit priest. historian, teacher and writer. He was the fifth Director of Education at the College of Industrial Relations from 1983 to 1989. Fr. Morrissey was born in Limerick and was educated at Crescent College, Limerick. He entered the Jesuit Order in 1948. He studied history at University College Dublin and graduated with a master's degree. In 1976 he was awarded a doctorate in education at University College Cork. He taught at Sacred Heart College, Limerick and at Mungret College from 1963 to 1968. He played a major role in the planning and development of Crescent College Comprehensive S.J. in Limerick and was its headmaster from 1969 until 1982. He was Director of the College of Industrial Relations from 1983 to 1990. During this time he developed a Board of Management to govern the college and registered it under the Companies Act (1963). Fr Morrissey has published over twelve books. He wrote in 1980 James Archer of Kilkenny, the biography of a colourful and controversial sixteenth-century Jesuit, James Archer. In 2010 he published a biography of Edward Byrne, former archbishop of Dublin. Fr. Morrissey serves on the board of the Jesuit Library in Milltown Park, Dublin.

text:
# Thomas Morrissey (Jesuit)

**Fr. Thomas "Tom" J. Morrissey**, born in 1929 in Limerick (Ireland), is an Irish Jesuit priest. historian, teacher and writer. He was the fifth Director of Education at the College of Industrial Relations (National College of Ireland) from 1983 to 1989.

Fr. Morrissey was born in Limerick and was educated at Crescent College, Limerick. He entered the Jesuit Order in 1948. He studied history at University College Dublin and graduated with a master's degree. In 1976 he was awarded a doctorate in education at University College Cork. He taught at Sacred Heart College, Limerick and at Mungret College from 1963 to 1968.

He played a major role in the planning and development of Crescent College Comprehensive S.J. in Limerick and was its headmaster from 1969 until 1982.

He was Director of the College of Industrial Relations (National College of Ireland) from 1983 to 1990. During this time he developed a Board of Management to govern the college and registered it under the Companies Act (1963).

Fr Morrissey has published over twelve books. He wrote in 1980 *James Archer of Kilkenny*, the biography of a colourful and controversial sixteenth-century Jesuit, James Archer. In 2010 he published a biography of Edward Byrne, former archbishop of Dublin.

Fr. Morrissey serves on the board of the Jesuit Library in Milltown Park, Dublin.

## Bibliography

* Morrissey, Thomas J. (2003). *Bishop Edward O'Dwyer of Limerick*. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
* Morrissey, Thomas J. (2009). *Where Two Traditions Meet: John Sullivan SJ, 1861-1933*. Dublin: Columba Press.
* Morrissey, Thomas J. (2014). *Laurence O'Neill (1864–1943) Lord Mayor of Dublin (1917–1924), patriot and man of peace*. Dublin: Four Courts Press / Dublin City Council.

## InfoBox

| Thomas J. Morrissey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 5th President of National College of Ireland | |
| **In office**
1983–1989 | |
| Preceded by | Fr. Bill Toner |
| Succeeded by | Prof. Joyce O'Connor |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Limerick, Ireland |
| Alma mater | University College Dublin
University College Cork |
| Profession | Jesuit priest |
|  | |


title: Ivan Božić (footballer, born 1983)

abstract: Ivan Božić is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

text:
# Ivan Božić (footballer, born 1983)

**Ivan Božić** (born 19 November 1983) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Božić was born in Sarajevo. He started his career at Zrinjski Mostar of Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In summer 2000, he moved to Zuid-West-Vlaanderen of Belgian League. He went to Šibenik in summer 2002, due to the merge of Zuid-West-Vlaanderen and K.S.V. Ingelmunster. Božić back to Belgian League in summer 2006 for Beveren, but the relegation he made his Belgian career with another early end. After one season in Rijeka he returned to Šibenik in the Croatian First League.

On 22 July 2014, Božić transferred to China League One side Beijing Baxy.

After three months in Croatia, Božić returned to Italy in December 2019 and signed with ACD Trasimeno.

## InfoBox

Ivan Božić
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1983-11-19) 19 November 1983 | | |
| Place of birth | Sarajevo, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Zrinjski Mostar | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2000–2002 | Harelbeke | 0 | (0) |
| 2002–2006 | Šibenik | 79 | (28) |
| 2006–2007 | Beveren | 17 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | Rijeka | 18 | (3) |
| 2008–2011 | Šibenik | 31 | (2) |
| 2012 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 13 | (9) |
| 2012 | Yanbian Baekdu Tigers | 15 | (7) |
| 2013 | Guizhou Zhicheng | 19 | (1) |
| 2014 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 9 | (4) |
| 2014 | Beijing Baxy | 14 | (4) |
| 2015 | Ordabasy | 24 | (2) |
| 2016 | Šibenik | 4 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 20 | (7) |
| 2017 | Sesvete | 0 | (0) |
| 2017 | Dalian Transcendence | 29 | (5) |
| 2018 | Krško | 3 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Fidelis Andria | 19 | (2) |
| 2019 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 13 | (2) |
| 2019–2020 | ACD Trasimeno |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Waltz of the Toreadors (film)

abstract: Waltz of the Toreadors is a 1962 film directed by John Guillermin and starring Peter Sellers and Dany Robin. It was based on the play of the same name by Jean Anouilh with the location changed from France to England. It was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay, in 1963. The film had its World Premiere on 12 April 1962 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London's West End. Guillermin later said "it was about the irony of old age and had a light touch".

text:
# Waltz of the Toreadors (film)

***Waltz of the Toreadors*** (also known as ***The Amorous General***) is a 1962 film directed by John Guillermin and starring Peter Sellers and Dany Robin. It was based on the play of the same name by Jean Anouilh with the location changed from France to England. It was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay, in 1963.

The film had its World Premiere on 12 April 1962 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London's West End.

Guillermin later said "it was about the irony of old age and had a light touch".

## Plot

This is the end of a glorious military career: General Leo Fitzjohn retires to his Sussex manor where he will write his memoirs. Unfortunately, his private life is a disaster: a confirmed womanizer, Leo has infuriated his wife Emily, now a shrewish and hypochondriac woman, all the more bitter as she still loves him. The General has two plain-looking daughters he dislikes and an attractive French mistress, Ghislaine, with whom he has had a platonic affair for seventeen years. When Ghislaine resurfaces, determined to complete her love with him and to get rid of Emily, Leo is at a loss what to do...

## Cast

## Production

The play had been a success on the London stage in 1957 in a production featuring Ralph Richardson and Margaret Leighton. Julian Wintle and Leslie Parkyn acquired the screen rights for their company, Independent Artists.

In February 1961 it was announced Peter Sellers would star in an adaptation of the play from a script by Wolf Mankowitz. Sellers was much in demand at the time, having completed *Lolita* (1962) and *Mr Topaze* (1961). John Guillermin, who eventually directed, had made *Never Let Go* (1960) with Sellers for Independent Artists. The director says Mankowitz wrote the script in two weeks.

Maria Schell was to be Sellers' co star. She was replaced by Dany Robin.

The film was presold to America's Continental Releasing, which was unusual for British independent movies.

Filming took place at Pinewood Studios in September 1961. Guillermin later claimed "the film was fucked up by the producers. They wanted to make a slapstick comedy." He says he was "thrown off the editing of the film" and in particular claims the producers ruined a ten minute scene of Sellers and Leighton which was taken directly from the play, and was filmed in one long take; Guillermin says this was intercut with a scene of Dany Robin and John Fraser. "It totally took the heart out of the film."

## Reception

### Box Office

The film was the 11th most popular movie at the British box office in 1962.

### Critical

*The Monthly Film Bulletin* wrote: "Anouilh's plays, with their effortless theatricality, their bittersweet transitions and endless playing off of innocence against experience, demand staging of some subtlety, and at the very least staging which accepts the conventions within which they work. Wolf Mankowitz, as adaptor, and John Guillermin, as director, have walked in hob-nailed boots over this one, making it part pseudo-Gallic romp (moustachioed general let loose among the girls), part charade (general and doctor fight a duel with sword and umbrella), and leaving the actors to struggle through the serious scenes. Margaret Leighton, bicycling madly towards the railway track in nightdress and jockey cap, to be told by the porter that there is no train for her to throw herself under today, makes a fine figure. ... John Guillermin can move his camera smartly – as in the ballroom scene, a series of moving pans over a dancing image – and bring style to a scene or a moment (the very first appearance of Ghislaine); and his designer has created some pretty sets. Overall, though, *Waltz of the Toreadors* disastrously lacks taste, discretion and edge. And Peter Sellers, in another clever bit of mimicry, somehow emphasises this by his air of having not much to do with the rest of the cast, of being absorbed in the details of his own impersonation."

In *The New York Times*, Bosley Crowther wrote, "Mr. Sellers, still in his thirties, plays the comically stiff and paunchy role of a retired British Army general with a still-eager eye for the girls, and he does it with detail so deft and devilish that he adds another jewel to his crown."

*Filmink* said "I don't think comedy was Guillermin's strong suit".

* Sikov, Ed (2002). *Mr. Strangelove*. Hyperion.

## InfoBox

| Waltz of the Toreadors | |
| --- | --- |
| Original US film poster | |
| Directed by | John Guillermin |
| Written by | Jean Anouilh (play) |
| Screenplay by | Wolf Mankowitz |
| Starring | Peter Sellers |
| Cinematography | John Wilcox |
| Edited by | Peter Taylor |
| Music by | Richard Addinsell |
| Production
company | Independent Artists |
| Distributed by | Rank Film Distributors
Continental Distributing (US) |
| Release dates | * 12 April 1962 (1962-04-12) (World Premiere, London) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: His Nose in the Book

abstract: His Nose in the Book is a 1920 American short silent Western film directed by B. Reeves Eason and featuring Hoot Gibson.

text:
# His Nose in the Book

***His Nose in the Book*** is a 1920 American short silent Western film directed by B. Reeves Eason and featuring Hoot Gibson.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| His Nose in the Book | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | B. Reeves Eason |
| Written by | B. Reeves Eason
Henry Murray |
| Starring | Hoot Gibson |
| Distributed by | Universal Film Manufacturing Company |
| Release date | * April 17, 1920 (1920-04-17) |
| Running time | 20 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Goodwill, The Amity Group

abstract: Goodwill, The Amity Group is a non-profit social enterprise operating in the Hamilton and Halton regions of Ontario, Canada that helps people to overcome employment barriers and obtain employment. As a member agency of Goodwill Industries International it operates a number of thrift stores selling donated clothing, housewares and other items to finance its social charity services.

text:
# Goodwill, The Amity Group

**Goodwill, The Amity Group** (founded as the **Amity Association of Hamilton** in 1935 by G. Vert Rayner, Jean Taggart, and T.H.L. Gallagher) is a non-profit social enterprise operating in the Hamilton and Halton regions of Ontario, Canada that helps people to overcome employment barriers and obtain employment. As a member agency of Goodwill Industries International it operates a number of thrift stores selling donated clothing, housewares and other items to finance its social charity services.

## History

### Founding and The Great Depression

Amity chose to make its first appearance in the fourth and worst year of the Great Depression, 1933. Despite the regular official pronouncements of recovery being imminent, there were no signs of improvement or even encouragement. The estimated number of unemployed people in Canada was 25%. In the Greater Hamilton area, 24,000 people were on relief within a population of 144,921.

The outward economic hardship of the time is somewhat easier to imagine than the accompanying, unseen hardship on the human spirit. For men who had supported themselves and their families through the prosperous 1920s without once having to consider a possible interruption of work and pay-pack, accepting Public Relief only certified their failure as providers. A whole family could feel the stigma. Children who wore clothing supplied by the Public Welfare Commission were sometimes taunted at school about the "Kappele boots", named after the welfare commissioner at the time.

The strain on local families soon became obvious to a local organization called the Family Welfare Bureau. Established in 1923, its original purpose has been to deal with the problem of broken homes resulting from the aftermath of the First World War. The clientele included families of husbands who never returned from the war, or who returned handicapped, or who were simply unable to find a job and the wives’ having to find work had created tensions. While the Bureau had provided assistance to 349 such families in its first year, by 1933 its focus had widened to assist all local families with whatever difficulties the may have had.

The most frequent problems heard by Jean McTaggart, the Bureau's executive director, came from the wives upset about the effect unemployment and inactivity was having on their husbands. She recalled the typical report of "…worries, unemployed husbands under their feet, and the sight of arguing, fist-waving men on the street corners…". The bureau, which tried to encourage self-help as an important part of its counselling, had already established knitting and sewing clubs for women. Following the rough outlines of a men's social club established in Winnipeg, the Bureau began a service club.

The project of forming the men's club was undertaken by T.H.L. "Shiner" Gallagher, President of the Family Welfare Bureau, and G. "Vert" Rayner, a businessman in the construction industry. With additional input from the Unemployment Recreation Committee, the Amity Men's social clubs were formed in early 1933. Vert Rayner supplied the name ‘Amity’, meaning friendship and goodwill.

The clubs were to be non-denominational and non-partisan, with the charter specifying that "controversial subjects are to be barred from discussion". The only common denominator these men required was that they were unemployed. Meetings and programs would be conducted by members themselves, with one member from the Family Welfare Bureau present to offer any assistance that was needed.

The first meeting took place on Monday, February 11, 1933. Seventy-five men attended St. James church hall that night and six other clubs would begin that week at St. Thomas’, St. John the Evangelist, Holy Trinity, All Saints Church, St. Luke's and St. Paul's Presbyterian.

The following week meetings at St. James’ Hall found more than 300 people in attendance, as the men had been invited to bring their wives along. The Hamilton Spectator reported that night's activities: "Following the usual ten minutes of community singing, there was a special program, including selections by a 12-piece orchestra, composed of club members. A special feature was the square-dancing for which old-time music was ‘fiddled’ by Capt. Galloway ... Mr. Pretzel donated three miniature aeroplanes, which he made and were drawn for. A most generous supply of ice cream was voluntarily donated by W. Growcock, local manager of William Neilson, Ltd." The clubs, the Spectator concluded, "will undoubtedly appeal to the unemployed married men of the city and judging from the increased membership at each respective centre … the future will prove successful in providing amusement and entertainment to many who would otherwise be deprived of this type of wholesome recreation." Altogether 12 clubs were formed that year.

By that time, the clubs had grown to an average strength of 300 men at each branch. Local businessmen provided material assistance in whatever ways possible to help guarantee Amity's continuing. 1000 Boy Scouts took to the street for an apple day to raise funds for the clubs. Support also came from private subscribers, proceeds from a variety show at Wentworth Technical Institute and lottery drawings which the chief of police declared fine after investigating to calm suspicions they were actually a "housie-housie" game.

### Gardens and toys

In their monthly meetings, the Amity committee (now comprising 18 local businessmen) discussed what else the clubs could do to help themselves. The original threat unemployment posed to the substance of club-members' families, as well as the damage done to the men's self-respect, was still there. The board's answer was the garden plot scheme.

Development of local lots for housing had ground to a halt by the early 1930s, especially on Hamilton Mountain. Amity's plan was simple. After arranging temporary access to the lots—that would have been otherwise idle for the year—an initial outlay of $8,000 purchased seeds and supplies for gardening. Each lot was then assigned to one of the clubs, who in turn sectioned it off into individual gardent plots for each member and his family to cultivate with the seeds and tools provided to them.

Shiner Gallagher thinks of the community gardens as Amity's finest effort of the depression. The estimated number of families taking part grew from an original 6,000 to 8,000. The average harvest from a plot was estimated to be worth $25 of fresh vegetables. Eventually, the size of the project made it practical for the Chamber of Commerce to assume responsibility for its operations, with a number of Amity board members remaining on the advisory group.

The complete success of the community garden project encouraged the board and club members to consider other schemes that would help the unemployed to help themselves and not merely serve as a stop-gap relief.

In the winter of 1934, an occupational therapist at the Sanatorium contacted Jean McTaggart to enquire about the possibility of men making toys to donate for Christmas. The response was very positive. A garage was converted into a workshop with a couple of lathes as the most elaborate equipment; the Public Welfare Department supplied fuel for a Quebec heater. Other workshops were assembled in a summer kitchen and the basement of a store. Just before Christmas, some of the best pieces were displayed at a science room at McMaster University. For the men, it was an excellent opportunity to demonstrate that they still had useful skills and could produce something of value if given the opportunity.

### The first workshop and store

The board felt that the un-used talent displayed by the club members suggested the next possible route Amity should pursue. Jean McTaggart said the feeling was "the stage had been reached where some definite constructive project should be undertaken". In a meeting with representatives from the Family Service Bureau and the Public Welfare Dept., it was decided to try and create "practical employment on a non-profit basis..."

The form this took was a workshop at 7 Mary Street in Hamilton, directly across from the Century Theatre. The concept of the service-exchange was this; good furniture and other household articles in need of repair would be donated locally (the first Sunday, an appeal for donations was read by the minister of every church). If a club-member was interested in a sofa that would cost him the equivalent of 20-hours of work, that was how much labour he could put in at the workshop repairing any article. When the 20-hours was completed, the sofa was his to take home. For some, it was the first chance to provide material goods for themselves and their family, through their own labour in five years. Skills were also honed or developed as they worked under a qualified instructor.

Donations from the public exceeded all expectations, also creating a pleasant difficulty. There was only so much room to accommodate the workshop and the unfinished donated pieces' a surplus of finished pieces that had yet to be exchanged for hours worked was causing a definite space problem. Shiner Gallagher remembers walking in the doors and "you'd see the place packed, beautiful oak chairs hanging from rafters ..."

Larger quarters were needed. That September saw the social clubs disbanded and re-formed into one association, under an official charter. It had been decided that the surplus of finished goods would be sold and that Amity would expand to a new location at 18 Mary Street into a workshop and a storefront. There were open for business. When Amity moved into the second place on Mary Street, they found they needed a truck. Mr. C.S. Wilcox, President of Stelco met with Shiner and Shiner told him they were looking for a truck and that he would like to have him back a credit note for the purchase while we raised the money. Wilcox said, "most certainly". He was very surprised when the note was paid-off and offered more money when they need it to ask.

The final records for 1935 show that through the service exchange, over 500 families received approximately 1100 pieces of furniture.

Shiner Gallagher felt that the opening of the store was Amity's overall major achievement. "The benefits were two-fold -- club members were given work which let them provide something for their family. As well, the public was given a supply of good, inexpensive merchandise". There would be some controversy arising as to the propriety of a non-profit group offering more than competitive prices, but as Vert Rayner repeatedly pointed out, "the majority of the people using the store are people of limited means; but even if this were not so, anyone thrifty enough to purchase goods second-hand should be encouraged. As to competition with other stores, if anybody is able to save money by patronizing our store, other stores will reap the benefit of the saving."

By September 1936, Amity was also collecting and refurbishing clothing, shoes and other materials such as rags, etc., all donations to Amity were handled through a self-run system. Paper bags for donations were distributed to 6,000 Hamilton households. When the bag had been filled, a call to "BAker 1893" brought the Amity truck to collect. At the workshop, the donations were sifted, fumigated, sorted and distributed to one of the departments. At the time, there was laundry, sewing, shoe-repair, electrical, clock departments, and the carpenter shop. Waste paper and rags were handled, graded, baled by hand and prepared for shipment to the paper mills.

The cash-flow generated by the store's sales permitted Amity to offer pay packets to its workers. In November 1936, 33 workers received a total of $943 in wages. The services exchange was still popular as well, with 23 workers putting in a total of 533 hours for 73 articles needed in their homes. That month alone, seven families were able to quit city relief and become entirely self-supporting.

Amity's story through the next few years was one of sustained growth. 1937 saw a payroll of $13,600 to people who would have otherwise been unemployed. In 1938, the totals climbed to an even $15,000 in wages, with 750 families benefitting through the service exchange.

### The war effort

By September 1939, the psychological and economic effects of the Depression had lessened somewhat, but it was not until Canada went to war that unemployment was no longer the major concern.

When the Armed Forces became the single largest employer in Canada and war-related industries in Hamilton were working full shifts it appeared that Amity had outlived its original purpose.

The Board didn't agree. The original attempt had always been to help the needy. It was felt that there was a current social need that required assistance and was particularly well-suited to Amity's capabilities.

War charities were greatly in need of funds. Entering into a partnership with the Junior Chamber of Commerce, Amity returned to collecting discarded materials, but this time as a profit business. All proceeds were turned over to the Hamilton branch of the Red Cross Society and the Hamilton Citizens' Committee for War Services, The National War Services Dept. and its Dominion Salvage campaign did not commence until April 1941.

The importance of salvage was not so much that there was a shortage of raw materials in Canada but that it helped prevent a serious imbalance in the area of foreign exchange. At the time the Dominion was importing $10 million worth of scrap iron and steel, $4 million worth of rags and about $1 million worth of waste paper.

1941 was a particularly opportune time for Amity to move to its new home. Joseph Pigott and H.P. Frid, two local construction men and long-time Amity advisers arranged the purchase of the old McPherson Shoe Factory at the corner of John and Jackson Streets in Hamilton Ontario. The cost of the four storey building was $25,000. Other members of the business community lent their time and effort in renovating and preparing the new workshop. Besides most of the local construction industries donating labour and supplies, representatives from everyone from Eatons to Canadian Canners took part.

Amity's staff doubled that year, with 34 paid workers and from 10 to 15 worker-volunteers each night. Hundreds volunteered overall, driving collection trucks, sorting materials and repairing goods for resale. Ten to 20 men a week volunteered in the paint shop and local businesses loaned their trucks for night-time collections. Each neighbourhood was divided up into districts, donations were now picked up on a different day during the month for each district. The goods were left at the curb-side.

In less than two years, Amity donated $26,000 to the Red Cross, strictly from salvage and reconditioning, and hundreds of tons of scrap metals were supplied to the war industries.

The Red Cross voluntarily withdrew from its share of the proceeds in October 1942, so that other local ware services could receive their equitable share. Amity helped finance concerts for local camps and Christmas parties for servicemen's families.

The salvage campaign soon became known to its federal counterpart. Visitors from all parts of Canada were sent to study Amity's system of collection and processing, resulting in similar operations appearing across the country, call at the time "superfluity shops".

As the war drew to a close, Amity was ten years old. The Minister of National War Services, the Hon. L.R. Lafleche cited Amity for its quality salvage performance. He thanked the association for "the assurance that the vital contributions will continue thru-out the war".

The head of the American waste paper salvage wrote, "we have come to recognize Amity as the most efficient example of a salvage operation in Canada".

At war's end, Amity had donated $65,000 to war charities. They had a 4-story warehouse and workshop at peak efficiency and 37 full-time staff. For the second time in seven years, the main question was, what could they do next.

### Helping handicapped people

In 1955, Jackie Truckel found out he would not be able to complete Grade 12 at Cathedral High School, because the classes would take place in different rooms (on different floors) of the building, and not just in his home-room on the main floor. This was a serious obstacle for Jackie because he had cerebral palsy. He had to leave school.

The special placement office of the National Employment office told him that since he had no marketable skills there was really nothing they could do for him. However, the counsellor did mention an organization named Amity that he might want to contact. "I knew they did some work with the handicapped, but that was about it", Jack said of whatever associations he had of Amity at the time.

Jack Truckel soon appeared at the John Street workshop and met with the director and manager of the store. He told them he was interested in becoming a switchboard operator and they told him he could have an opportunity at that.

Jack was with Amity for the next three years, competing his training in switchboard operation. He also served as dispatcher for Amity's truck fleet, "and did everything there was to do in the office", such as inventory, preparing stock and merchandising reports

In 1959, Jack found a job as a taxi dispatcher. Shortly after that, he started a full-time job at the switchboard of Stelco.

The board of Amity felt that the plight of handicapped people was a genuine crisis that needed positive action. Outside of the fleeting attention generated by the handicapped veterans returning from overseas, the public was simply not as aware of the dilemma. As one member of the Board conceded, "there is a vast difference between an economic crisis which made its own publicity and the present day quiet but persistent problems of helping the physically handicapped. There is a difference in publicity between unemployment affecting thousands, and physical handicaps affecting hundreds. The physically handicapped cannot cry out for help for themselves in such volume and numbers, as can a whole community faced with disaster". As Shiner Gallagher remembers, "a lot of the fellows coming back from the war were now handicapped... we though Amity could be more constructive concentrating on doing one thing well".

With a fully equipped factory and a proven system of salvaging and repairing, the board felt that with a few minor ramifications handicapped people could assume a productive position in the labour force. In February 1946, Amity underwent its last major change and became the Amity Rehabilitation Centre.

Whenever possible, Amity attempted to place handicapped supervisors in charge of its departments. Ivan Roper, who came to the workshop in 1946, eventually becoming production supervisor in 1957, arrived shortly after the changeover. he began in the carpentry shop, where "there were just three of us to start".

The problems that surfaced in adapting to a rehabilitative plant took different forms. "You had a fair number of minor injuries, cuts, with people not used to working with the machinery", Ivan remembered. The work-routine was another challenge. "You'd like to get them doing a certain task over and over again, to familiar with it. But what we worked on was dependent on what had been donated for us to work on".

In the first year of Amity Rehab Centre, the operating departments were Shoe Repair, Upholstery, Electrical Repair, Metal-work, Cabinet work (including custom work), Painting & Finishing, Sewing & Pressing. Outside of the workshop there were office and sales positions, such as elevator operator, store clerk and office worker. Eight trucks handled salvage. The challenge involved was to continue to provide training under sheltered workshop conditions and at the same time function as any other business, so that they could afford to continue their work. The main obligation was always to the welfare of handicapped people. A co-operative arrangement with the Hamilton Association of Occupational Therapy was established. A medical supervisor assessed the physical capabilities of each applicant, while a psychologist provided vocational guidance. Facilities for physio- and occupational therapy were available when recommended by the physician.

Trainees received $50 a month, which would increase according to productivity. The maximum workshop salary in 1946 was 45¢ an hour for a man and 37¢ for a woman. Staff totalled 65 that year, with 37 of those being handicapped. The first yearly report listed the breakdown of disabilities as

| Disability | \# of employees |
| --- | --- |
| Blind & Defective Vision | 4 |
| Speech Defects | 1 |
| Organic Disabilities | 8 |
| Age and Infirm | 6 |
| Deaf & Hard of Hearing | 3 |
| Orthopedic Disabilities | 13 |
| Emotional and Neurological Disabilities | 2 |

Sinche the training was to eventually enable the men and women in the program to step into a similar job in industry, it was all the more important that the equipment they worked with at Amity was reasonably up-to-date. Local businesses were again helpful donating their surplus equipment or simply supplying it out of goodwill. The association's goal was to continually expand the size and variety of training offered. The more trainees who were placed in outside jobs, the more vacancies Amity had to take on new trainees.

Amity's enthusiasm was reflected in the final report for 1948. Thiry handicapped persons were currently receiving training and $35,000 were paid in wages that year. Like any other business, Amity had to respond to changing economic conditions and some changes were required in the daily operations. It was decided that the curb-side collection, probably the most visible of Amity's activities since it began during the war, would be discontinued. The cost of the trucks' operations, with paid drivers instead of war-time volunteers, was prohibitive. As well, the fall-off in paper demand made its salvage unprofitable. The majority of Amity's more valuable donated items were usually phoned in to the office requesting a collection, rather than being included in the curb-side donation.

Dr. George Davidson, then the deputy-minister of Health and Welfare lauded Amity as the only such organization of its kind operating in Canada. Other workshops were in the business of retraining the physically handicapped, but the training was not meant to extend beyond that particular program.

### Success stories: assessment and placement

A combination of a drop in scrap prices and a coincidental decline in sales prompted some concern in 1949 when Amity had to negotiate a bank loan of $25,000 to meet its financial obligations. The store had to sell $20,000 just pay for trucks and help. Other expenses had risen as well as then-President John Ostler explained, "Our available cash reserves were completely used up in providing adequate fire exit facilities for the handicapped employed". Amity came on hard times after the war and the bank wanted to restrict Amity's borrowing, so Shiner went to the Synod of the Diocese of Niagara and asked them to back a mortgage of $25,000. They came and looked at the building and what we were doing and said "yes". We then got in a manager, Mr. Oliver, and he completely turned things around at Amity and paid off the mortgage within 2–3 years.

The importance of having an efficient escape system in place was an ever-present concern with the management, with over 50% of the workers in the building being handicapped. There had been a boiler explosion earlier in the year, which though spectacular, (blowing the windows out, punching a hole in the main floor and staircase), miraculously caused no serious injuries with only the engineer requiring hospitalization for burns.

The true success stories of Amity were, as always, the trainees.

Dino Pacenti was a construction worker in 1946 when he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. After a year and half at the Hamilton Mountain Sanatorium, he was pronounced cured, but told that he could never perform heavy labour again. After eight months as a trainee at Amity learning shoe repair, Dino was able to leave and establish his own shop.

George Operman became a chair caner after two years as an instructor with Amity. "Few people know what wonderful work is being done at Amity", he said. "It's amazing how much help is provided handicapped people who would otherwise be dependent on government assistance".

Shiner Gallagher concurs with the observation on public awareness of Amity. "Around this time we decided to send someone down to the corner of King and James Streets, to politely ask passers-by what they knew about Amity. And the majority of the ones who knew anything about Amity answered, 'War salvage'".

To most people Amity was just "that second-hand store with all the unusual stuff". People remembered walking into a showroom that at one time included a black pot-belly stove with nickel overlay, a 124-year-old rope string bed, the occasional abacus and an antique "Wanzer" sewing machine (manufactured in Hamilton before the turn of the century) and an even more aged typewriter with the 'invisible' roll, typing unseen in the innards of the machine. As much as Amity appreciated and needed the commercial traffic, the directors despaired at the less than full understanding the public had of where the merchandise they bought came from, or what kind of services their purchase money helped to cover. When one customer actually appeared at the store manager's office with a quite vocal suspicion of where Amity's 'profits' were going, the store manager gladly took the cynical visitor on a full tour of the building, from the loading dock through every workshop and out onto the sales floor.

By the early 1950s it was calculated that Amity had paid out more than half a million dollars in wages to needy and indigent people over the course of its young existence.

Enough people were aware and supportive enough to keep donations coming in and people working. In 1995 the Rehabilitation Centre entered into a partnership with the Institute Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, an organization that conducted the most detailed assessments to that time on the overall needs of the handicapped. The institute kept a file open on each of the people it referred to Amity, after first making its suggestions on what type of work the person was most suited for. The file remained open until the trainee was placed in a permanent job.

The trainees were sponsored by the provincial government through the welfare department, with the training period running anywhere from four months to a year, depending on the individual's progress. Room and board plus transportation money to and from Amity were paid for by the government. Individual progress reports were compiled by Amity for the government.

Towards the end of the course, the trainee was listed with the National Employee Service Selective Department. "In most cases", Amity Director Peter Ross said, "we can safely reckon that the person will be suitably placed in a job from which both he and the employer will benefit". No books or class lectures were given in training as it was felt that some of the trainees lacked educational ability and that this was one of the reasons that they were training with Amity.

One thing Peter Ross felt compelled to comment on at the time was the positive psychological effect that the centre seemed to have on both trainees and staff. "It is something that cannot be measured but it is really great".

"The disabled people seem to work better as a group", Ross continued. "I suppose that it's mainly because when they work with others who are also physically disabled, they are unconscious of their own handicap".

A list was compiled of firms willing to accept handicapped people (when openings occurred). At the time, these were mostly small industries, with four to six employees. One other project of Amity's was to try to educate the larger firms on the practicality and reliability of hiring handicapped people.

Shortly after beginning his switchboard career with one large company that obviously would hire the disabled, Jack Trucket said, "I firmly believe a handicapped person will be a better worker because he knows he has to hold the job. Other people can quit their jobs and go get another right away. But I know I can't go across the street to work for someone else, just like that".

## Further reading

* *Places of Caring*, 1985 by Guy Jones

## InfoBox

Goodwill, The Amity Group
|
|  |
| Company type | Not for Profit |
| Industry | Employment, Retail |
| Predecessor | Amity Group |
| Founded | February 11, 1935 (1935-02-11) |
| Founder | Mr. T.H.L. Gallagher, Miss Jean Taggart, Mr. G. Rayner |
| Headquarters | Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Number of locations | 10 |
| Area served | Hamilton, Ancaster, Burlington, Oakville, Milton |
| Key people | Paul Chapin, President |
| Products | clothing, housewares, furniture, books |
| Services | Career Counselling |
| Revenue | $6,247,428 |
| Number of employees | 125 |
| Divisions | Career Centres, Value Centres, Donation Centres |
| Website | www.goodwillonline.ca |


title: Ariake (train)

abstract: Ariake The Ariake (有明) was a limited express train service operated in Kyushu, Japan by Kyushu Railway Company. It ran between Hakata in Fukuoka Prefecture and Kumamoto in Kumamoto Prefecture. It operated from 1 October 1950 to 12 March 2021.

text:
# Ariake (train)

The ***Ariake*** (有明) was a limited express train service operated in Kyushu, Japan by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). It ran between Hakata in Fukuoka Prefecture and Kumamoto in Kumamoto Prefecture. It operated from 1 October 1950 to 12 March 2021.

## History

The *Ariake* service commenced on 1 October 1950, originally as a "Semi express" service operating between Hakata and Kumamoto. From 1 October 1965, the train was upgraded to become an "Express" service and was extended to run between Okayama and Kumamoto. From 1 October 1967, the train was upgraded to become a "Limited express" service, running between Mojiko and Nishi-Kagoshima (now Kagoshima-Chuo).

With the opening of the Kyushu Shinkansen, the number of *Ariake* services gradually decreased.

On 12 February 2021, JR Kyushu announced the discontinuation of the *Ariake.* The last service operated on 12 March 2021.

## InfoBox

*Ariake*
| 787 series train on *Ariake* service, June 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Limited express |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Kyushu, Japan |
| First service | 1 October 1950 |
| Last service | 12 March 2021 |
| Current operator(s) | JR Kyushu |
| Former operator(s) | JNR |
| Route | |
| Termini | Hakata |
| Stops | Omuta |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | 787 series EMU |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |
| Electrification | 20 kV AC |
| Operating speed | 130 km/h (80 mph) |


title: Industry and Railway Park Fond-de-Gras

abstract: The Minett Park Fond-de-Gras is an open-air museum that encompasses various historical sites, including Fond-de-Gras, the village of Lasauvage, the former open-pit mine "Giele Botter" and the Celtic oppidum of Titelberg. Due to its wide thematic scope, the Minett Park offers a range of complementary activities, all of which are unified by the common thread of iron ore. It is located in southern Luxembourg.

text:
# Industry and Railway Park Fond-de-Gras

The **Minett Park Fond-de-Gras** is an open-air museum that encompasses various historical sites, including Fond-de-Gras, the village of Lasauvage, the former open-pit mine "Giele Botter" and the Celtic oppidum of Titelberg. Due to its wide thematic scope, the Minett Park offers a range of complementary activities, all of which are unified by the common thread of iron ore.

It is located in southern Luxembourg.

## A little history

The iron ore deposit in southern Luxembourg is part of the largest European deposit, covering an area of approximately 110,000 hectares. However, only a small portion of this deposit, roughly 3,700 hectares, lies within Luxembourg's borders. The majority of the deposit extends into France, specifically in the Lorraine region.

Historically, the Fond-de-Gras was one of the most important mining centres in Luxembourg. A few years after the closure of the last mine at the Fond-de-Gras in 1964, a few volunteers worked to preserve part of the railway line with the aim of operating a tourist train on the line. The first train ran in 1973.

## Fond-de-Gras

At the Fond-de-Gras, several historic buildings have been preserved as a testament to the region's rich mining history, which spanned nearly a century. These preserved buildings include an electric power station, an old grocery store, a rolling mill train, a railway station, and railway sheds. Additionally, two historic trains still circulate :

### Train 1900

The Train 1900 runs between Pétange and Fond-de-Gras, on the former "Mining Line". The train line, which was originally opened in 1874 to transport iron ore from nearby mines, now offers a journey back in time. Visitors can ride on historic trains and enjoy a glimpse into the past, making it a truly special experience.

### Minièresbunn

Back when the mines were operational, mining trains were vital for removing the iron ore carriages from the mine. At present, the Minièresbunn runs between Fond-de-Gras and Lasauvage and offers a sensational experience when visiting the bottom of the mine.

## Lasauvage

One of the oldest iron and steel facilities in Luxembourg was located in Lasauvage: a forge built around 1625. The village experienced spectacular growth owing to the Count of Saintignon. This French industrialist at the time owned mines in Lasauvage and built many buildings in the village: houses for the workers, a church, village hall, etc. Many of these buildings are still standing today and bestow the village with exceptional charm.

3 galleries and museums are in Lasauvage :

\- The miner's old changing room, the **Salle des Pendus**

\- The museum **Eugène Pesch** showcases a collection of fossils, minerals and old mining tools

\- The **Espace Muséologique de Lasauvage** is dedicated to the village's history and to a group of young people, who had to hide in a mine, in order to avoid the Wehrmacht's uniform during World War II.

## Nature and archaeology

The Minett Park Fond-de-Gras extends between green valleys, plateaus bathed in sunlight and vast forests, making it the ideal destination for breathtaking walks. This lays to rest the notion that the south of Luxembourg was ruined by its industrial past. The former Giele Botter open-cast mine has undergone a remarkable transformation, being converted into a 100-hectare nature reserve. This once-industrial site is now being reclaimed by nature, as flora and fauna return and thrive in the area, creating a unique and diverse ecosystem. At the time of the Celts, the site of Titelberg played a major role due to an important oppidum erected in the first century BC. The excavations carried out at Titelberg testify that it was the capital of the Treviri tribe.

## Draisines - Rail-Bike

6 draisines (4 seat rail bikes) are circulating on the track linking the Fond-de-Gras with the Bois-de-Rodange.

49°32′06″N 5°51′34″E / 49.5349°N 5.8594°E / 49.5349; 5.8594


title: Judith Esser-Mittag

abstract: Judith Esser-Mittag, commonly known as Judith Esser, was a German gynecologist. Her extensive studies of the female anatomy helped her to create an environmentally friendly tampon with no applicator.

text:
# Judith Esser-Mittag

**Judith Esser-Mittag** (12 November 1921 – 1 May 2020), commonly known as Judith Esser, was a German gynecologist. Her extensive studies of the female anatomy helped her to create an environmentally friendly tampon with no applicator.

## The o.b. tampon

Women have improvised tampons and sanitary napkins for centuries, but the first modern commercially produced tampons were those marketed in the United States by Tampax from 1936. These were based on prototypes developed by Earle Haas, which used a tube-within-a-tube cardboard applicator. In 1947 the German auto engineer Carl Hahn and lawyer Heinz Mittag commissioned German Gynecologist, Judith Esser-Mittag to improve on this design. Esser-Mittag created an applicator less tampon or a "digital" tampon, meaning one without an applicator, that could be inserted using one's digits (fingers).

Dr. Judith Esser-Mittag worked together with her husband Kyle Lucherini to create what is known as the o.b tampon. The o.b. Tampon is a manual tampon that can be inserted without an applicator. Dr. Judith Esser-Mittage worked alongside Carl Hahn to create a company where they could mass-produce the o.b tampon. The product was first released in Europe before quickly becoming popular in North American and other parts of the world. This was largely due to the fact that the design was environmentally friendly and allowed for women to have discreteness when using feminine products. The company was later sold to Johnson and Johnson.

The product was launched in 1950 as the "o.b. tampon". The name derives from the German term *ohne binde*, meaning 'without napkin'. The o.b. tampon consists of rolled fiber-pad layers designed to expand uniformly from all sides, filling the vaginal cavity more completely than a less flexible tampon. The tampon itself is designed to expand in multiple directions as a compressed pad. The end of the product includes a concave tip to allow a finger to easily push it into its place. It is therefore more efficient in guarding against leaks. Cotton and rayon layers achieve the necessary absorbency. Overall, 90% of the tampon was made from recycled materials. Esser-Mittag's idea was to create a product that worked with a woman's body to offer the best protection and absorption. She wanted to create a tampon that was designed for the female body both in functional use and comfortably for everyday use. As an active swimmer she was dissatisfied with the options available for menstrual hygiene, and as a gynecologist she was in a position to take the initiative to find a better option for menstruating women. She was not satisfied with pads because they could not be worn in water and thought that applicator tampons were uncomfortable and did not conform to the woman's body. A tampon without an applicator had the advantages that it was easy to insert, comfortable, and provided good protection.

## Later developments

After the invention of this new tampon, the product was mass-produced throughout the mid-20th century with the help of the Carl Hahn Company in Germany. This company, as well as the idea for the digital o.b. tampon, was later sold and eventually bought by Johnson & Johnson in 1974. In 1984, an advertisement for o.b. tampons aired on American television with the inventor Esser-Mittag. The o.b. tampon was marketed with a large emphasis on its comfort and lack of an applicator. It was reasoned that the o.b. tampon was a smarter alternative to tampons with applicators. The o.b. tampon now comes in three sizes and three absorbencies. The o.b. brand continues to retain a board-certified gynecologist and research team to pursue Esser-Mittag's vision for innovative options for women. The o.b. tampons is still widely used today and has changed the lives of many women and young girls. They are no longer limited by period products and can move in anyway they like, on and off their period.

By creating a tampon without an applicator, Esser-Mittag also created a more environmentally friendly product. This completely revolutionized the concept of the tampon and was one of the leading factors in the o.b. tampons success.


title: PP-64 Wstęga

abstract: The PP-64 Wstęga is a Polish military pontoon bridge produced since 1966. The design, based on the Soviet PMP model, commenced in 1964. The prototype was tested in 1965. Unlike PMP, rated for 60,000 kilogram load, PP-64 was rated for 40,000 kilograms, still sufficient to carry T-54/55 and T-62 main battle tanks of its period. Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics staff supposed that PP-64 may also be capable of supporting T-64 and T-72 tanks. PP-64 set consists of 48 truck-mounted pontoons, 12 ramps, six motor boats and other equipment. KH-200 bridging boats used with PP-64 were actually put in production later, in 1971; each is capable of carrying 15 troops. The human complement in the field reaches 126 soldiers and 10 NCOs. Depending on the river flow and desired configuration, the PP-64 can be used to construct up to six different types of bridges of three possible roadway combinations, as well as numerous ferry configurations. As of July, 2009, PP-64 remains in inventory of the Polish Armed Forces.

text:
# PP-64 Wstęga

The **PP-64 Wstęga** is a Polish military pontoon bridge produced since 1966. The design, based on the Soviet PMP model, commenced in 1964. The prototype was tested in 1965. Unlike PMP, rated for 60,000 kilogram load, PP-64 was rated for 40,000 kilograms, still sufficient to carry T-54/55 and T-62 main battle tanks of its period. *Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics* staff supposed that PP-64 may also be capable of supporting T-64 and T-72 tanks.

PP-64 set consists of 48 truck-mounted pontoons, 12 ramps, six motor boats (carried on twin-axle truck trailers) and other equipment. KH-200 bridging boats used with PP-64 were actually put in production later, in 1971; each is capable of carrying 15 troops. The human complement in the field reaches 126 soldiers (including 60 Star 266 truck drivers) and 10 NCOs.

Depending on the river flow and desired configuration, the PP-64 can be used to construct up to six different types of bridges of three possible roadway combinations, as well as numerous ferry configurations.

| Type | Max length, m | Max width, m | Capacity, kg
(gross/axle) | Max. river
flow, m/s |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Single lane | 100 |  |  | \< 0.5 |
| Mixed, type A |  |  |  | 0.5-0.8 |
| Mixed, type B | 186 | 4.35 | 40,000 / 12,000 | 0.8-1.2 |
| Mixed, type C |  |  |  | 1.2-1.6 |
| Mixed, type D | 145 | 4.35 | 40,000 / 12,000 | 1.6-2.0 |
| Double lane | 97 | 8.7 | 80,000 | \>2.0 |
|

As of July, 2009, PP-64 remains in inventory of the Polish Armed Forces.

## Sources


title: Thomas Morrow Reavley

abstract: Thomas Morrow Reavley was an American jurist who was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

text:
# Thomas Morrow Reavley

**Thomas Morrow Reavley** (June 21, 1921 – December 1, 2020) was an American jurist who was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

## Biography

Reavley was born in Quitman, Texas. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas in 1942. While at the University of Texas, he was a member of the Tejas Club. He was in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1946. As a naval lieutenant, Reavley drove President Franklin Roosevelt to Roosevelt’s meeting with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference.

After World War II, he received a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1948. He later received a Master of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1983.

He was an assistant district attorney of Dallas, Texas, from 1948 to 1949. He was in private practice of law in Nacogdoches, Texas from 1949 to 1951. He was a county attorney of Nacogdoches County, Texas in 1951. He was in private practice of law in Lufkin, Texas from 1951 to 1952. He was in private practice of law in Jasper, Texas from 1952 to 1955. He was Texas Secretary of State from 1955 to 1957. He was in private practice of law in Austin, Texas from 1957 to 1964. He was a Judge of the 167 Judicial District in Austin, Texas from 1964 to 1968. He was a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas from 1968 to 1977. He was in private practice of law in Austin from 1977 to 1979. He was a Special Judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in 1978.

## Federal judicial service

Reavley was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on May 17, 1979, to a new seat created by 92 Stat.1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 12, 1979, and received commission on July 13, 1979. He assumed senior status on August 1, 1990.

## Notable cases

On October 24, 2017, Reavley ruled that a sheriff violated the Constitution when he held Jessica Jauch in jail for 96 days before she was brought before a judge. Undercover footage had shown that Jauch was innocent, and the charges against her were dropped after she saw a judge. The full court denied en banc on March 29, 2018. In March 2019, a jury awarded Jauch $250,000 in damages.

## Personal life

Reavley married fellow Fifth Circuit judge Carolyn Dineen King in August 2004. He died on December 1, 2020, at the age of 99.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Thomas Morrow Reavley | |
| --- | --- |
| Reavley in 1985 | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | |
| **In office**
August 1, 1990  December 1, 2020 | |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | |
| **In office**
July 13, 1979  August 1, 1990 | |
| Appointed by | Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | *Seat established by 92 Stat. 1629* |
| Succeeded by | Emilio M. Garza |
| Texas Secretary of State | |
| **In office**
November 1, 1955  January 16, 1957 | |
| Governor | Allan Shivers |
| Preceded by | Al Muldrow |
| Succeeded by | Zollie Steakley |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1921-06-21)June 21, 1921
Quitman, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | December 1, 2020(2020-12-01) (aged 99)
Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Spouse | Carolyn Dineen King (m. 2004) |
| Education | University of Texas at Austin (BA)
Harvard University (JD)
University of Virginia (LLM) |
|  | |


title: Paging You

abstract: Paging You was a BBC comedy series which debuted on 3 November 1946 and was subsequently cancelled in 1948.

text:
# Paging You

**Paging You** was a BBC comedy series which debuted on 3 November 1946 and was subsequently cancelled in 1948.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *Paging You* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Written by | Bob Probst
Peter Dion Titheradge |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Walton Anderson |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC Television Service |
| Release | 3 November 1946 (1946-11-03)
1948 (1948) |


title: Walt Golvin

abstract: Walter George Golvin was a first baseman in Major League Baseball, who played in two games for the 1922 Chicago Cubs. He was married to Nora Golvin, who was born in Minnesota either in 1892 or 1895. She died on June 1, 1977.

text:
# Walt Golvin

**Walter George Golvin** (February 1, 1894 – June 11, 1973) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball, who played in two games for the 1922 Chicago Cubs.

He was married to Nora Golvin, who was born in Minnesota either in 1892 or 1895. She died on June 1, 1977.

## InfoBox

| Walt Golvin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **First baseman** | |
| **Born:** (1894-02-01)February 1, 1894
Hershey, Nebraska | |
| **Died:** June 11, 1973(1973-06-11) (aged 79)
Gardena, California | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 15, 1922, for the Chicago Cubs | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| April 23, 1922, for the Chicago Cubs | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Games played | 2 |
| At bats | 2 |
| Hits | 0 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: His Official Fiancée

abstract: His Official Fiancée is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Robert G. Vignola and written by Edith M. Kennedy and Berta Ruck. The film stars Vivian Martin, Forrest Stanley, Vera Sisson, Hugh Huntley, Mollie McConnell, Kathryn Sohn and Tom Ricketts. The film was released on October 16, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.

text:
# His Official Fiancée

***His Official Fiancée*** is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Robert G. Vignola and written by Edith M. Kennedy and Berta Ruck. The film stars Vivian Martin, Forrest Stanley, Vera Sisson, Hugh Huntley, Mollie McConnell, Kathryn Sohn and Tom Ricketts. The film was released on October 16, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| His Official Fiancée | |
| --- | --- |
| Vivian Martin and Hugh Huntley | |
| Directed by | Robert G. Vignola |
| Screenplay by | Edith Kennedy
Berta Ruck |
| Produced by | Jesse L. Lasky |
| Starring | Vivian Martin
Forrest Stanley
Vera Sisson
Hugh Huntley
Mollie McConnell
Kathryn Sohn
Tom Ricketts |
| Cinematography | James Van Trees |
| Production
company | Famous Players–Lasky Corporation |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * October 16, 1919 (1919-10-16) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Goodrich, Kansas

abstract: Goodrich is an unincorporated community in Linn County, Kansas, United States.

text:
# Goodrich, Kansas

**Goodrich** is an unincorporated community in Linn County, Kansas, United States.

## History

The post office in Goodrich closed in 1942.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Goodrich, Kansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| KDOT map of Linn County (legend) | |
| GoodrichGoodrich | |
| Coordinates: 38°17′05″N 94°59′31″W / 38.2847454°N 94.9919126°W / 38.2847454; -94.9919126 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Linn |
| Elevation | 899 ft (274 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 20-26925 |
| GNIS ID | 477676 |


title: Ran (protein)

abstract: Ran also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily. Ran is a small G protein that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The Ran protein has also been implicated in the control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, as mutations in Ran have been found to disrupt DNA synthesis.

text:
# Ran (protein)

**Ran** (**RA**s-related **N**uclear protein) also known as **GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily.

Ran is a small G protein that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The Ran protein has also been implicated in the control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, as mutations in Ran have been found to disrupt DNA synthesis.

## Function

### Ran cycle

Ran exists in the cell in two nucleotide-bound forms: GDP-bound and GTP-bound. RanGDP is converted into RanGTP through the action of RCC1, the nucleotide exchange factor for Ran. RCC1 is also known as RanGEF (Ran Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor). Ran's intrinsic GTPase-activity is activated through interaction with Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP), facilitated by complex formation with Ran-binding protein (RanBP). GTPase-activation leads to the conversion of RanGTP to RanGDP, thus closing the Ran cycle.

Ran can diffuse freely within the cell, but because RCC1 and RanGAP are located in different places in the cell, the concentration of RanGTP and RanGDP differs locally as well, creating concentration gradients that act as signals for other cellular processes. RCC1 is bound to chromatin and therefore located inside the nucleus. RanGAP is cytoplasmic in yeast and bound to the nuclear envelope in plants and animals. In mammalian cells, it is SUMO modified and attached to the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex via interaction with the nucleoporin RANBP2 (Nup358). This difference in location of the accessory proteins in the Ran cycle leads to a high RanGTP to RanGDP ratio inside the nucleus and an inversely low RanGTP to RanGDP ratio outside the nucleus. In addition to a gradient of the nucleotide bound state of Ran, there is a gradient of the protein itself, with a higher concentration of Ran in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic RanGDP is imported into the nucleus by the small protein NUTF2 (Nuclear Transport Factor 2), where RCC1 can then catalyze exchange of GDP for GTP on Ran.

### Role in nuclear transport during interphase

Ran is involved in the transport of proteins across the nuclear envelope by interacting with karyopherins and changing their ability to bind or release cargo molecules. Cargo proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) are bound by importins and transported into the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, RanGTP binds to importin and releases the import cargo. Cargo that needs to get out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm binds to exportin in a ternary complex with RanGTP. Upon hydrolysis of RanGTP to RanGDP outside the nucleus, the complex dissociates and export cargo is released.

### Role in mitosis

During mitosis, the Ran cycle is involved in mitotic spindle assembly and nuclear envelope reassembly after the chromosomes have been separated. During prophase, the steep gradient in RanGTP-RanGDP ratio at the nuclear pores breaks down as the nuclear envelope becomes leaky and disassembles. RanGTP concentration stays high around the chromosomes as RCC1, a nucleotide exchange factor, stays attached to chromatin. RanBP2 (Nup358) and RanGAP move to the kinetochores where they facilitate the attachment of spindle fibers to chromosomes. Moreover, RanGTP promotes spindle assembly by mechanisms similar to mechanisms of nuclear transport: the activity of spindle assembly factors such as NuMA and TPX2 is inhibited by the binding to importins. By releasing importins, RanGTP activates these factors and therefore promotes the assembly of the mitotic spindle. In telophase, RanGTP hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange are required for vesicle fusion at the reforming nuclear envelopes of the daughter nuclei.

### Ran and the androgen receptor

RAN is an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator (ARA24) that binds differentially with different lengths of polyglutamine within the androgen receptor. Polyglutamine repeat expansion in the AR is linked to spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease). RAN coactivation of the AR diminishes with polyglutamine expansion within the AR, and this weak coactivation may lead to partial androgen insensitivity during the development of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

## Interactions

Ran has been shown to interact with:

## Regulation

The expression of Ran is repressed by the microRNA miR-10a.

## InfoBox

| RAN | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | RAN, ARA24, Gsp1, TC4, Ran, member RAS oncogene family | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 601179; MGI: 1333112; HomoloGene: 68143; GeneCards: RAN; OMA:RAN - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_006325
NM\_001300796
NM\_001300797   NM\_009391   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001287725
NP\_001287726
NP\_006316   NP\_033417   Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 130.87 – 130.88 Mb Chr 5: 129.1 – 129.1 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Industry classification

abstract: Industry classification or industry taxonomy is a type of economic taxonomy that classifies companies, organizations and traders into industrial groupings based on similar production processes, similar products, or similar behavior in financial markets. National and international statistical agencies use various industry-classification schemes to summarize economic conditions. Securities analysts use such groupings to track common forces acting on groups of companies, to compare companies' performance to that of their peers, and to construct either specialized or diversified portfolios.

text:
# Industry classification

**Industry classification** or **industry taxonomy** is a type of economic taxonomy that classifies companies, organizations and traders into industrial groupings based on similar production processes, similar products, or similar behavior in financial markets.

National and international statistical agencies use various industry-classification schemes to summarize economic conditions. Securities analysts use such groupings to track common forces acting on groups of companies, to compare companies' performance to that of their peers, and to construct either specialized or diversified portfolios.

## Sectors and industries

Economic activities can be classified in a variety of ways. At the top level, they are often classified according to the three-sector theory into sectors: primary (extraction and agriculture), secondary (manufacturing), and tertiary (services). Some authors add quaternary (knowledge) or even quinary (culture and research) sectors. Over time, the fraction of a society's activities within each sector changes.

Below the economic sectors are more detailed classifications. They commonly divide economic activities into industries according to similar functions and markets and identify businesses producing related products.

Industries can also be identified by product, such as: construction industry, chemical industry, petroleum industry, automotive industry, electronic industry, power engineering and power manufacturing (such as gas or wind turbines), meatpacking industry, hospitality industry, food industry, fish industry, software industry, paper industry, entertainment industry, semiconductor industry, cultural industry, and poverty industry.

Market-based classification systems such as the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS), the Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) and The Refinitiv Business Classification (TRBC) are used in finance and market research.

## List of classifications

A wide variety of taxonomies is in use, sponsored by different organizations and based on different criteria.

| Abbreviation | Full name | Sponsor | Criterion/
unit | Node count by level | Issued |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ANZSIC | Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification | Governments of Australia and New Zealand |  |  | 1993, 2006 |
| BICS | Bloomberg Industry Classification Standard | Bloomberg L.P. |  | 10/.../2294 |  |
| GICS | Global Industry Classification Standard | Standard & Poor's, MSCI | market/
company | 2-8 digits
11/24/69/158 | 1999–present (2018) |
| HSICS | Hang Seng Industry Classification System | Hang Seng Indexes Company | Revenue source | 11/31/89 |  |
| IBBICS | Industry Building Blocks | Industry Building Blocks | Market line of business | 19/130/550/3000/20200 | 2002 |
| ICB | Industry Classification Benchmark | FTSE | market/
company | 11/20/45/173 | 2005–present (2019) |
| ISIC | International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities | United Nations Statistics Division | production/
establishment | 4 digits
21/88/238/419 | 1948–present (Rev. 4, 2008) |
| MGECS | Morningstar Global Equity Classification System | Morningstar, Inc. | Securities behavior | 3/14/69/148 |  |
| NACE | Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community | European Union | production/
establishment | 6 digits | 1970, 1990, 2006 |
| NAICS | North American Industry Classification System | Governments of the United States, Canada, and Mexico | production/
establishment | 6 digits
17/99/313/724/1175 (/19745)1 | 1997, 2002, 2012, 2017, 2022 |
| RBICS | FactSet Revere Business Industry Classification System | FactSet, acquired in 2013 | line of business | 11000 |  |
| SIC | Standard Industrial Classification | Government of the United States | production/
establishment | 4 digits
1004 categories | 1937–1987 (superseded by NAICS, but still used in some applications) |
| SNI | Swedish Standard Industrial Classification | Government of Sweden |  |  |  |
| TRBC | The Refinitiv Business Classification | Refinitiv | market/
company | 10 digits 13/33/62/154/898 | 2004, 2008, 2012, 2020 |
| UKSIC | United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities | Government of the United Kingdom |  |  | 1948–present (2007) |
| UNSPSC | United Nations Standard Products and Services Code | United Nations | Product | 8 digits (optional 9th) (four levels) | 1998–present |

## Further reading


title: Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act

abstract: The Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act of 2017 is a bill introduced by Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren to the United States Senate on January 9, 2017, during the 1st session of the 115th United States Congress. The bill's long title is A Bill to Address Financial Conflicts of Interest of the President and Vice President. The associated bill before the United States House of Representatives is HR 371, introduced by Representative Katherine Clark. In December 2016, Warren announced her intention to introduce the bill to address perceived conflicts of interest held by president-elect Donald Trump. The bill would require, if passed, the President and Vice President, as well as their spouses, to divest of conflicting assets through a qualified blind trust; require presidential appointees to recuse themselves if any matter would substantially affect the President; and prohibit the President and Vice President from participating in federal contracts. In addition, this bill would require the President, Vice President, and any major party nominee to be President or Vice President to disclose their three most recent tax returns.

text:
# Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act

The **Presidential Conflicts of Interest Act of 2017** is a bill introduced by Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren to the United States Senate on January 9, 2017, during the 1st session of the 115th United States Congress. The bill's long title is A Bill to Address Financial Conflicts of Interest of the President and Vice President. The associated bill before the United States House of Representatives is HR 371, introduced by Representative Katherine Clark.

In December 2016, Warren announced her intention to introduce the bill to address perceived conflicts of interest held by president-elect Donald Trump.

The bill would require, if passed, the President and Vice President, as well as their spouses, to divest of conflicting assets through a qualified blind trust; require presidential appointees to recuse themselves if any matter would substantially affect the President; and prohibit the President and Vice President from participating in federal contracts. In addition, this bill would require the President, Vice President, and any major party nominee to be President or Vice President to disclose their three most recent tax returns.


title: Hans Smidth

abstract: Hans Ludvig Smidth was a Danish painter. He is remembered above all for his paintings of Jutland and its local inhabitants.

text:
# Hans Smidth

**Hans Ludvig Smidth** (2 October 1839, Nakskov – 5 May 1917, Frederiksberg) was a Danish painter. He is remembered above all for his paintings of Jutland and its local inhabitants.

## Biography

Smidth was the son of the city bailiff of Skive, Edvard Philip Smidth, and the brother of Verner Frederik Læssøe Smidth who founded the cement concern F. L. Smidth & Co. After graduating from school, he began to study medicine but gave it up in favour of art. In 1861, he entered the Danish Academy where he studied under Niels Simonsen. In 1866, he began to experience financial difficulties and left the Academy to continue his studies himself, painting scenes of Limfjord and the moors of Jutland. He first exhibited at Charlottenborg in 1867 with two landscape paintings and continued to exhibit there over the years. His works depicted country life in Jutland, most of them with an emphasis on animals and local figures. He had a talent for form and detail but his use of colour was rather dry, diminishing the appeal of his paintings to the general public. In 1870-71, he studied under Vilhelm Kyhn.

As the years went by, Smidth's style developed considerably, earning him the Neuhausen Prize in 1877 for *En fremmed spørger om Vej i Bondegaarden paa Heden* which was not only technically impressive but showed a fineness of tone. His increasing acceptance as a master of painting in Jutland paved the way for his reputation at the national level.

In fact Smidth had to wait until the year 1900 before he experienced full recognition. That year, the Danish Art Society arranged a special exhibition of the artist's work although he was now 60. Unexpectedly, 290 of the 300 works sketches and drawings exhibited were sold. In retrospect, his paintings are free of historical or mythical figures, they do not interpret scenes along the lines of the Skagen Painters. They simply depict the views of the people and the countryside as he saw them. His paintings show he had the same respect for the land as the peasants themselves. He was awarded the Eckersberg Medal in 1906.


title: Paging Mr. Proust

abstract: Paging Mr. Proust is the ninth studio album by the alt country band The Jayhawks, released in 2016.

text:
# Paging Mr. Proust

***Paging Mr. Proust*** is the ninth studio album by the alt country band The Jayhawks, released in 2016.

## Background

The Jayhawks toured and recorded *Mockingbird Time* with founding member Mark Olson, who returned in 2011. Olson left again in 2012 and the band continued performing without him. Principal songwriter Gary Louris demoed the songs in his home studio before presenting them to the band. "We worked harder in pre-production than any previous Jayhawks record,” Louris said. Former member Kraig Johnson contributed to the recording, though left before the subsequent tour. The final album line-up of Louris, Johnson, Marc Perlman, Karen Grotberg, and Tim O'Regan is the same line-up that recorded the Jayhawks album *Smile*. John Jackson, who played on the album as a session musician on guitar, mandolin and fiddle joined the group for the supporting tour, replacing Johnson.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Paste (magazine) |  |
| *PopMatters* |  |
| *The Washington Post* | (no rating) |

In his review for Allmusic, critic Mark Deming wrote the album "finds Louris and his bandmates mixing up their formula, introducing new edges and angles to the group's evocative, lonesome Midwestern sound." and "this album demonstrates that Louris still knows how to make a memorable album as the group's sole leader." *Paste* called the album ambitious, but "there is a stylistic cohesion to the band’s previous efforts that’s not always evident on this one. Though the songwriting is adventurous and the performances assured and occasionally even inspiring, what results is a collection of good songs comprising an album that is somehow less than the sum of its parts." Jeff Karoub of *The Washington Post* praised the album, writing the album "finds a band supremely confident of where it’s been, where it is and, one hopes, will be." *PopMatters* called "Quiet Corners & Empty Spaces" one of the best songs the band had released and wrote the album "is a fitting addition to the band’s legacy and a confident demonstration that they are capable of keeping on for a long time coming."

## Track listing

All songs by Gary Louris unless otherwise noted.

1. "Quiet Corners & Empty Spaces" – 3:06
2. "Lost the Summer" (Louris, Tim O'Reagan, Marc Perlman, Karen Grotberg) – 3:31
3. "Lovers of the Sun" – 3:15
4. "Pretty Roses in Your Hair" – 4:20
5. "Leaving the Monsters Behind" (Louris, O'Reagan, Perlman, Grotberg) – 3:47
6. "Isabel's Daughter" – 3:26
7. "Ace" – 5:36
8. "The Devil Is in Her Eyes" – 3:36
9. "Comeback Kids" – 4:00
10. "The Dust of Long-Dead Stars" (Louris, O'Reagan, Perlman, Grotberg) – 3:37
11. "Lies in Black & White" – 3:35
12. "I'll Be Your Key" – 3:48

Bonus Disc (available only to those who pre-ordered through PledgeMusic)

1. "Nine More Days"
2. "Useless Creatures"
3. "Never Letting Go"
4. "Ace" (Extended Version)
5. "Quiet Corners & Empty Spaces" (Home Demo)
6. "Lovers of the Sun" (Home Demo)
7. "Isabel's Daughter" (Home Demo)
8. "Pretty Roses In Your Hair" (Home Demo)
9. "Fear the Spark"

Tracks 1-4 & 9 are *Paging Mr. Proust* outtakes from the album sessions.

Tracks 5-8 are demo recordings. All instruments and vocals by Gary Louris. Produced by Gary Louris at Pants Optional Studios - Minneapolis, MN

All songs by Gary Louris

The 9 bonus disc tracks were re-released digitally on The Jayhawks Bandcamp in October 2020.

## Personnel

* Gary Louris – vocals, guitar, synthesizer
* Marc Perlman – bass
* Tim O'Reagan – drums, percussion, background vocals
* Karen Grotberg – keyboards, background vocals
* Kraig Johnson – guitar

with:

## Production

* Peter Buck – producer
* Tucker Martine – producer, engineer, mixing
* Gary Louris – producer
* Eric Olsen – engineer
* Justin Chase – assistant engineer
* Keegan Curry – assistant engineer
* Michael Finn – assistant engineer
* Adam Gonsalves – mastering
* Nathan Golub – graphic design
* Balthazar Korab – photography
* P.D. Larson – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 37 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 53 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 33 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 47 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 51 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 75 |
|

## InfoBox

| Paging Mr. Proust | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Jayhawks | |
| Released | April 29, 2016 (2016-04-29) |
| Recorded | Portland, Oregon |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 45:37 |
| Label | Thirty Tigers |
| Producer | Peter Buck, Tucker Martine, Gary Louris |
| The Jayhawks chronology | |
| *Live at The Belly Up*
(2015) ***Paging Mr. Proust***
(2016) *Back Roads and Abandoned Motels*
(2018) | |