title: Isles of Shoals

abstract: The Isles of Shoals are a group of small islands and tidal ledges situated approximately 6 miles (10 km) off the east coast of the United States, straddling the border of the states of Maine and New Hampshire. They have been occupied for more than 400 years, first by fishing communities and more recently as the site of private homes, a large seasonal hotel and a marine research facility.

text:
# Isles of Shoals

The **Isles of Shoals** are a group of small islands and tidal ledges situated approximately 6 miles (10 km) off the east coast of the United States, straddling the border of the states of Maine and New Hampshire.

They have been occupied for more than 400 years, first by fishing communities and more recently as the site of private homes, a large seasonal hotel and a marine research facility.

## History

Some of the islands were used for seasonal fishing camps by Indigenous peoples and first settled by Europeans in the early 17th century. They became one of the many fishing areas for the young British and French colonies. This was one of the most northern fishing ports, the closest one to the south being Rockport, Massachusetts. The Isles of Shoals were named the "Smith Iles" by English explorer Capt. John Smith after sighting them in 1614. This name did not last once colonization of New England by the British began. The first recorded landfall of an Englishman was that of explorer Captain Christopher Levett, whose 300 fishermen in six ships discovered that the Isles of Shoals were largely abandoned in 1623.

"The first place I set my foot upon in New England was the Isle of Shoals, being islands in the sea about two leagues from the main," Levett wrote later. "Upon these islands I neither could see one good timber-tree nor so much good ground as to make a garden. The place is found to be a good fishing-place for six ships, but more can not be well there, for want of convenient stage room, as this year's experience hath proved."

In 1628 the Plymouth Pilgrims exiled Thomas Morton on the island due to his libertine activities with the Indians at Merrymount.

The first town, "Apledoore", included all of the Isles of Shoals, and was incorporated by the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony on May 22, 1661. At that time, the province of New Hampshire and the province of Maine were both part of Massachusetts Bay Colony. By 1665, the name of the town had changed to "Iles of Shoales". Starting in 1680 and continuing for several years, there was a general migration of the population to Star Island in what is now New Hampshire, departing from Hog Island (now known as Appledore) in what is now Maine. In 1696, the town was annexed by Kittery. In 1715 the township of Gosport was established by New Hampshire on Star Island.

The Gosport community was fairly prosperous up until about 1778, when the islanders were evacuated to Rye, New Hampshire, due to the Revolutionary War. Though a small population remained, the islands were largely abandoned until the middle of the 19th century, when Thomas Laighton and Levi Thaxter opened a popular summer hotel on Appledore Island. Laighton's daughter, Celia, married Levi at the age of fifteen and as Celia Thaxter became the most popular American female poet of the 19th century. She hosted an arts community on the island frequented by authors including Nathaniel Hawthorne, John Greenleaf Whittier, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Sarah Orne Jewett, and the Impressionist painter Childe Hassam. Having executed his last drawing three days previous, the Boston painter William Morris Hunt drowned there in 1879, reportedly a suicide. Hunt's body was discovered by Celia Thaxter.

William James visited the Isles of Shoals in 1873. His experiences were recalled in a letter to brother Henry James dated July 14-16 \[1873\]. At one point he reminisces, "I just lay around drinking the air and the light and the sounds. I succeeded in reading no word for three days, and then took Goethe's Gedichte out on my walks, and with them in my memory, the smell of the laurels and pines in my nose, and the rhythmic pounding of the surf upon my ear, I was free and happy again.

The popularity of Laighton's Appledore House soon led to establishment of the Mid-Ocean House on Smuttynose Island, and the Oceanic Hotel, which is still in use today on Star Island.

## Appledore Island

Appledore Island, in Maine, is the largest of the Isles of Shoals, at 95 acres (38 ha). Formerly known as Hog Island, and prior to that as Farm Island, it is approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) from east to west, and 0.6 miles (1.0 km) from north to south. It was home to a large hotel, The Appledore House, during the 19th century. Built in 1847 and opened the following year, the hotel was lost to a fire in 1914. According to Celia Thaxter, as late as 1873, "Philip Babb, or some evil-minded descendant of his, haunted Appledore." Today, the island is the operating station of the Shoals Marine Laboratory, run cooperatively by Cornell University and the University of New Hampshire. The island is mostly owned by the Star Island Corporation.

## Star Island

Second in size at 46 acres (19 ha), Star Island is located in New Hampshire within the borders of the town of Rye and is the only island served by a commercial boat from the mainland. It is a religious and educational conference center, owned by the Star Island Corporation, which is affiliated with the Unitarian Universalist Association and the United Church of Christ. During the summer, the island hosts a number of week-long and shorter conferences which make use of the Oceanic Hotel, Gosport House, the over 200-year-old chapel, and several buildings dating back to the original village. Short-term day visitors are also welcomed, although that may depend on the boat schedule. This is also a popular destination for sailboats wishing to tie up overnight in Gosport harbor.

## Smuttynose and Malaga Islands

Smuttynose Island, at 25 acres (10 ha), is the third-largest island. It is allegedly the site of Blackbeard's honeymoon, later for the shipwreck of the Spanish ship *Sagunto* in 1813, and then for the notorious 1873 murders of two young women. The latter is recalled in the story, "A Memorable Murder", by Celia Thaxter, in the 1997 novel, *The Weight of Water*, by Anita Shreve (and in the 2000 film), and in the song, "The Ballad of Louis Wagner" by John Perrault. There are two small houses on the island. One of them, the Samuel Haley house, was once believed to be the oldest structure in the state of Maine. Smuttynose is not populated today, but the Stewards of Smuttynose Island, a group consisting of volunteer individuals and families, participate in the care and upkeep of the two historic dwellings and grounds of the island.

Malaga Island is a diminutive island just to the west of Smuttynose, connected to it by a breakwater. The original breakwater was built around 1820 by Captain Samuel Haley, who is reputed to have paid for its construction with proceeds from four bars of pirate silver that he found under a flat rock on the island.

## White and Seavey Islands

White Island and Seavey Island are located at the southern end of the Isles of Shoals, within the borders of the town of Rye, New Hampshire. During low tide, the two islands are connected by a land bridge.

White Island is dominated by Isles of Shoals Light, now automated, and the keeper's house. The lighthouse, one of two on the New Hampshire coast, and associated buildings are now owned by the state of New Hampshire. The island hosts a coastal weather station which frequently records sustained hurricane-force winds from Nor'easter coastal storms in the winter, due to the exposed nature of the island. The lighthouse tower was restored in 2005 as the result of the efforts of a group of seventh graders in nearby North Hampton, known as the Lighthouse Kids (a chapter of the American Lighthouse Foundation). Poet Celia Thaxter grew up on this island before moving to Smuttynose Island and eventually Appledore Island.

Seavey Island has been the site of a tern restoration project conducted by the Audubon Society of New Hampshire in recent years.

## Other islands

Lunging, Duck, and Cedar islands are also part of the Isles of Shoals. Lunging, on the New Hampshire side of the border, formerly Londoner's Island, was the site of an early trading post for codfish. Today it is privately owned.

Duck and Cedar are islands on the Maine side. Duck Island lies about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north and once was used as a bombing range for the US Navy. It was sold by the Star Island Corporation to Maine Coast Heritage Trust in 2002, and was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2003. It is kept as a wildlife sanctuary. It is home to a seal colony and has never supported a human population.

Cedar Island is connected by breakwaters to both Smuttynose Island and Star Island and is privately owned.

## InfoBox

Isles of Shoals
| Isles of Shoals | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean |
| Coordinates | 42°58′53″N 70°36′41″W / 42.98139°N 70.61139°W / 42.98139; -70.61139 |
| Total islands | 9 (Maine: 5; New Hampshire: 4) |
| Major islands | Appledore, Star, Smuttynose |
| Administration | |
| **United States** | |
| States | Maine and New Hampshire |
| Counties | York County, Maine / Rockingham County, New Hampshire |
| Towns | Kittery, Maine / Rye, New Hampshire |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Isles of Shoals | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Portsmouth, New Hampshire |
| Area | 145.6 acres (58.9 ha) |
| Built | 1614 |
| NRHP reference No. | 74000325 |
| Added to NRHP | May 16, 1974 |
|  | |


title: Isles of Scilly Town Hall

abstract: The Isles of Scilly Town Hall is a municipal building in Hugh Town, on the Isles of Scilly, in England. The building, which serves as the offices of Council of the Isles of Scilly, is a Grade II listed building.

text:
# Isles of Scilly Town Hall

The **Isles of Scilly Town Hall** is a municipal building in Hugh Town, on the Isles of Scilly, in England. The building, which serves as the offices of Council of the Isles of Scilly, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The building was commissioned by Algernon Dorrien-Smith, whose uncle, Augustus Smith had acquired a lease over the Isles of Scilly from the Duchy of Cornwall for £20,000 in 1834, and created himself *Lord Proprietor of the Isles of Scilly*. He had intended that it would accommodate a market hall and some public rooms. The site he selected was an area known as The Parade, a small park situated at the centre of the isthmus, which had served as a parade ground for the Sea Fencibles during the Napoleonic Wars. The new building was designed by J. Goodfellow in the neoclassical style, built in coursed granite and was completed in 1889. It served as a public hall, theatre, magistrates' court, council chamber, and local authority offices.

In 1891, the Isles of Scilly Rural District Council was formed, as a *sui generis* local government authority, outside the administrative county of Cornwall. The council established its offices in the town hall, and went on to commission an extension to create extra office space in 1970. Following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1972, the council was renamed as the Council of the Isles of Scilly.

The council relocated its council chamber to the Old Wesleyan Chapel on Garrison Lane, in 2002. By the 2010s, the town hall was in poor repair and the stage area was condemned in 2017. In 2024, the council received a £4.6 million National Lottery Heritage Fund grant to restore the building. The building will house a cultural centre and the Isles of Scilly Museum, whose previous building, purpose-built in 1967, was condemned as unsafe in 2019. Some of the existing museum's objects were moved into temporary storage in the town hall in 2020.

## Architecture

The two-storey building is constructed of squared and coursed granite, and it has a slate roof. It has a rectangular plan. The design involves a symmetrical main frontage of three bays facing onto The Parade. The central bay features a doorway flanked by two sash windows. The first floor is fenestrated by three more sash windows and all openings have segmental surrounds and keystones. At roof level there is a pediment. with a date stone flanked by two small windows in the tympanum. The building was grade II listed in 1992.

## InfoBox

| Isles of Scilly Town Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| The building in 2008 | |
| Location | The Parade, Hugh Town, Isles of Scilly, England |
| Coordinates | 49°54′52″N 6°18′55″W / 49.9144°N 6.3153°W / 49.9144; -6.3153 |
| Built | 1889 |
| Architect | J. Goodfellow |
| Architectural style(s) | Neoclassical style |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Town Hall |
| Designated | 14 December 1992 |
| Reference no. | 1219066 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown on Isles of Scilly | |


title: Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust

abstract: The Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust, formed in 1985, is a Wildlife Trust covering the Isles of Scilly, a group of islands off the coast of Cornwall. It became the 46th member of The Wildlife Trusts in 2001 and is dedicated to ensuring that the archaeological and historical remains on the islands, as well as the flora and fauna, are protected and maintained. Since September 2021, the Chief Executive of the trust has been Julian Branscombe. The Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust, a small, local independent charity, leases all of the uninhabited islands, islets and rocks and much of the remaining "untenanted land" on the inhabited islands from the Duchy of Cornwall for a peppercorn rent of one daffodil per year. As tenants of the Duchy of Cornwall the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust has a 99 year fully insuring, repairing lease and is responsible for more than 50% of the Islands. The Trust previously worked in conjunction with the Cornwall Wildlife Trust and jointly produced a thrice yearly magazine called Wild Cornwall & Wild Scilly which ended in the Summer 2014 edition. Members are now sent an e-newsletter.

text:
# Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust

The **Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust**, formed in 1985, is a Wildlife Trust covering the Isles of Scilly, a group of islands off the coast of Cornwall. It became the 46th member of The Wildlife Trusts in 2001 and is dedicated to ensuring that the archaeological and historical remains on the islands, as well as the flora and fauna, are protected and maintained. Since September 2021, the Chief Executive of the trust has been Julian Branscombe.

The Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust, a small, local independent charity, leases all of the uninhabited islands, islets and rocks and much of the remaining "untenanted land" (including almost all the coast) on the inhabited islands from the Duchy of Cornwall for a peppercorn rent of one daffodil per year. As tenants of the Duchy of Cornwall the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust has a 99 year fully insuring, repairing lease and is responsible for more than 50% of the Islands. The Trust previously worked in conjunction with the Cornwall Wildlife Trust and jointly produced a thrice yearly magazine called *Wild Cornwall & Wild Scilly* which ended in the Summer 2014 edition. Members are now sent an e-newsletter.

## Isles of Scilly Seabird Recovery Project

In 2013, the Isles of Scilly Seabird Recovery Project was set up by the Duchy of Cornwall, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Natural England, the Isles of Scilly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust. The five-year project aims to keep the islands of St Agnes and Gugh, brown rat (*Rattus norvegicus*) free, to help breed sea birds, which lost 25% of their populations between 1983 and 2006. The rats eat eggs and kill the chicks of those birds that nest in burrows or on the ground. Rat removal began in October 2013, by a team of thirty volunteers led by Wildlife Management International Limited (WMIL) of New Zealand, and there have been no signs of rats on St Agnes and Gugh since December 2013. WMIL returned to the islands to do a final check for rats in 2016.

In 2014, Manx shearwater (*Puffinus puffinus*) bred on both Gugh and St Agnes for the first time in living memory, and a survey of St Agnes in July 2015 found European storm petrel (*Hydrobates pelagicus*) at six nests. A follow-up in early September, to confirm breeding, found storm petrel chicks at each of the sites. Storm petrel also bred on Gugh in 2015.

## InfoBox

Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust
| Formation | 1985 (1985) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Registered Charity |
| Headquarters | Trenoweth |
| Location |  |
| Chief Executive | Julian Branscombe |
| Website | Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust |


title: Isles of St Francis Conservation Park

abstract: . Isles of St Francis Conservation Park was a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located on islands within the Isles of St Francis off the west coast of Eyre Peninsula about 562 kilometres (349 mi) north-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-west of the town of Ceduna. The conservation park consisted of land on ten (sic) islands within the Isles of St Francis which form the south-westerly extension of the Nuyts Archipelago. The land first received protected area status as a pair of fauna conservation reserves proclaimed on 16 March 1967 under the Crown Lands Act 1929 in respect to Freeling Island and Smooth Island. Additional fauna conservation reserves were proclaimed on 4 November 1967 in respect to Dog Island, Egg Island, Fenelon Island, Hart Island, Masillon Island, West Island and all of St Francis Island with exception to section 220 which had been acquired by the Australian government. On 27 April 1972, all of the land proclaimed as fauna conservation reserves was reconstituted as the Isles of St Francis Conservation Park under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. On 19 December 1991, additional land was added to the conservation park to extend protection over land located between high tide and low tide. As of 2010, the conservation park covered an area of 12.36 square kilometres (4.77 sq mi). On 25 August 2011, all of the land within the conservation park was constituted as part of the Nuyts Archipelago Wilderness Protection Area with the result that the conservation park ceased to exist. In 1980, the conservation park was described as follows: St Francis Island is the site of a reintroduction program for the endangered brush tailed bettong, which became extinct on the island in the early 1900s. St Francis Island is also one of only two islands in South Australia which has a population of the vulnerable southern brown bandicoot. This island also supports a population of the carpet snake, which is vulnerable in South Australia and in decline throughout its mainland range. Several rare or uncommon bird species breed on the Isles, including Cape Barren goose, the second rarest goose species in the world and the banded rail. Significant breeding colonies of Australian sea lion, one of the rarest marine mammals in the world, occur on Fenelon and West Islands… St Francis granite formation outcrops on eastern St Francis Island and this is a type locality… The Isles also support a large breeding population of short tailed shearwaters. New Zealand fur seals breed on Fenelon Island... This group of nine islands lies off the coast of South Australia near Ceduna, beyond the Nuyts Archipelago group of islands. The total area covered by the group is 1,312 ha, the largest islands in the group being St Francis Island (809ha), Masillon Island and Egg, Dog and West Islands. The islands consist of limestone and sand over granite bases. Nuyts Volcanics formation outcrops on western St Francis Island, and St Francis Granite formation outcrops on eastern St Francis Island. Both are considered geological monuments. The vegetation on the larger islands consists mostly of coast saltbush shrubland on the low-lying areas, with grassland and scattered low shrubs covering the remainder. Populations of bush rat occur on Dog and Masillon Islands. St Francis is also the site of a breeding population of short-tailed shearwaters. Other birds which breed on the Isles include Cape Barren goose, banded rail, rock parrot and little penguin. Significant breeding colonies of Australian sea-lion occur on Fenelon and West Islands and New Zealand fur seals breed on Fenelon Island… For most of these islands, pastoral leases have been held since the late 1800s. St Francis Island is the most disturbed of the group, a large part of it having been cleared and the whole island grazed by sheep, but the vegetation is now recovering. Introduced plants are common on St Francis Island. The remaining islands are in their natural state. The conservation park was classified in 2010 as being an IUCN Category Ia protected area. In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

text:
# Isles of St Francis Conservation Park

.

| Isles of St Francis Conservation Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Register of the National Estate | |
| Official name | Register of the National Estate |
| Designated | 21 October 1980 |
| Reference no. | 6741 |
|  | |
|  | |

**Isles of St Francis Conservation Park** was a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located on islands within the Isles of St Francis off the west coast of Eyre Peninsula about 562 kilometres (349 mi) north-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-west of the town of Ceduna.

The conservation park consisted of land on ten (sic) islands within the Isles of St Francis which form the south-westerly extension of the Nuyts Archipelago.

The land first received protected area status as a pair of fauna conservation reserves proclaimed on 16 March 1967 under the *Crown Lands Act 1929* in respect to Freeling Island and Smooth Island. Additional fauna conservation reserves were proclaimed on 4 November 1967 in respect to Dog Island, Egg Island, Fenelon Island, Hart Island, Masillon Island, West Island and all of St Francis Island with exception to section 220 which had been acquired by the Australian government. On 27 April 1972, all of the land proclaimed as fauna conservation reserves was reconstituted as the *Isles of St Francis Conservation Park* under the *National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972*. On 19 December 1991, additional land was added to the conservation park to extend protection over land located between high tide and low tide. As of 2010, the conservation park covered an area of 12.36 square kilometres (4.77 sq mi).

On 25 August 2011, all of the land within the conservation park was constituted as part of the Nuyts Archipelago Wilderness Protection Area with the result that the conservation park ceased to exist.

In 1980, the conservation park was described as follows:

> St Francis Island is the site of a reintroduction program for the endangered brush tailed bettong (*Bettongia penicillata*), which became extinct on the island in the early 1900s. St Francis Island is also one of only two islands in South Australia which has a population of the vulnerable southern brown bandicoot (*Isoodon obesulus*). This island also supports a population of the carpet snake (*Morelia spilota*), which is vulnerable in South Australia and in decline throughout its mainland range. Several rare or uncommon bird species breed on the Isles, including Cape Barren goose (*Cereopsis novaehollandiae*), the second rarest goose species in the world and the banded rail (*Rallus philippensis*). Significant breeding colonies of Australian sea lion (*Neophoca cinerea*), one of the rarest marine mammals in the world, occur on Fenelon and West Islands… St Francis granite formation outcrops on eastern St Francis Island and this is a type locality… The Isles also support a large breeding population of short tailed shearwaters (*Puffinus tenuirostris*). New Zealand fur seals (*Arctocephalus forsteri*) breed on Fenelon Island...
>
> This group of nine islands lies off the coast of South Australia near Ceduna, beyond the Nuyts Archipelago group of islands. The total area covered by the group is 1,312 ha, the largest islands in the group being St Francis Island (809ha), Masillon Island (202 ha) and Egg, Dog and West Islands (all 60 ha in area). The islands consist of limestone and sand over granite bases. Nuyts Volcanics formation outcrops on western St Francis Island, and St Francis Granite formation outcrops on eastern St Francis Island. Both are considered geological monuments. The vegetation on the larger islands consists mostly of coast saltbush (*Atriplex cinerea*) shrubland on the low-lying areas, with grassland and scattered low shrubs covering the remainder. Populations of bush rat (*Rattus fuscipes*) occur on Dog and Masillon Islands. St Francis is also the site of a breeding population of short-tailed shearwaters (*Puffinus tenuirostris*). Other birds which breed on the Isles include Cape Barren goose (*Cereopsis novaehollandiae*), banded rail (*Rallus philippensis*), rock parrot (*Neophema petrophila*) and little penguin (*Eudyptula minor*). Significant breeding colonies of Australian sea-lion (*Neophoca cinerea*) occur on Fenelon and West Islands and New Zealand fur seals (*Arctocephalus forsteri*) breed on Fenelon Island…
>
> For most of these islands, pastoral leases have been held since the late 1800s. St Francis Island is the most disturbed of the group, a large part of it having been cleared and the whole island grazed by sheep, but the vegetation is now recovering. Introduced plants are common on St Francis Island. The remaining islands are in their natural state.

The conservation park was classified in 2010 as being an IUCN Category Ia protected area. In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

## Notes and references

### Notes

### References

1. "CAPAD 2010 South Australia summary (terrestrial) (refer 'SA Reserve List' tab )". Australian government. 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
2. "Search results for 'Isles of St Francis Conservation Park' with the following datasets selected – 'NPW and Conservation Properties' and 'Gazetteer'". *Location SA Map Viewer*. South Australian Government. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
3. Shard, A.J. (16 March 1967). "CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED" (PDF). *THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE*. Government of South Australia. pp. 961–962. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
4. "Wilderness Protection (Nuyts Archipelago Wilderness Protection Area) Proclamation 2011". *The South Australian Government Gazette*. Government of South Australia. 25 August 2011. p. 3626. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
5. "Public Sector (Administrative Units of Public Service—Variation 1) Proclamation 2010". *The South Australian Government Gazette*. South Australian Government. 1 July 2010. p. 3342. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
6. "Isles of St Francis Conservation Park - listing on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 6741)". *Australian Heritage Database*. Australian Government. 21 October 1980. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
7. Anon (2006). *Island Parks of Western Eyre Peninsula Management Plan* (PDF). Adelaide: Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. pp. 2–3. ISBN 1-921238-18-6. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
8. "Search results for ' Isles of St Francis ' with the following datasets selected - 'NPW and Conservation Properties' and 'Gazetteer'". *Location SA Map Viewer*. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
9. Shard, A.J. (2 November 1967). "CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED" (PDF). *THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE*. Government of South Australia. p. 1964. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
10. "No. 56 of 1972 (National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1972)". *The South Australian Government Gazette*. Government of South Australia: 660 & 702. 27 April 1972. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
11. Blevins, F.T. (19 December 1991). "NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE ACT 1972 SECTIONS 29 (3) AND 30 (2): VARIOUS CONSERVATION PARKS— ALTERATION OF BOUNDARIES" (PDF). *The South Australian Government Gazette*. Government of South Australia. p. 1907. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

### Attribution

## InfoBox

| Isles of St Francis Conservation Park
South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve) | |
| Isles of St Francis Conservation Park | |
| Nearest town or city | Ceduna |
| Coordinates | 32°30′50″S 133°17′22″E / 32.5138678°S 133.2894121°E / -32.5138678; 133.2894121 |
| Established | 16 March 1967 (1967-03-16) |
| Abolished | 25 August 2011 |
| Area | 12.36 km2 (4.8 sq mi) |
| Managing authorities | Department of Environment and Natural Resources (2011) |
| See also | Protected areas of South Australia |


title: Isaac Kolibilla Batesimah

abstract: Isaac Kolibilla Batesimah is a Ghanaian Politician and a Member of the Second Parliament of the Fourth Republic representing the Narerigu Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana.

text:
# Isaac Kolibilla Batesimah

**Isaac Kolibilla Batesimah** is a Ghanaian Politician and a Member of the Second Parliament of the Fourth Republic representing the Narerigu Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana.

## Early life and education

Isaac was born at Nalerigu in the Northern Region of Ghana. He attended the E.P Training College and obtained his certificate in Teaching. He was a teacher before becoming a Member of the Second Parliament.

## Politics

Isaac was inaugurated into the first parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana on 7 January 1993 after he was pronounced winner at the 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election held on 29 December 1992.

He was then re-elected into the second parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress for the Narerigu Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana after he emerged winner at the 1996 Ghanaian general elections. He polled 19,142 votes out of the 28,118 valid votes cast representing 51.00% over Assani Issahaku Emmanuel who polled 5,051 votes representing 13.50%, Hamidu Napoleon Dawuni who polled 2,019 votes representing 5.40% and John Wuni Grumah who polled 1,906 votes representing 5.10%. He lost to Dr.Tia Sugri Alfred in the 2000 Party's parliamentary Primaries.

## Personal life

Batesimah is a Christian.

## InfoBox

| Isaac Kolibilla Batesimah | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for Nalerigu Constituency | |
| **In office**<br>7 January 1997  6 January 2001 | |
| President | John Jerry Rawlings |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nalerigu, Northern Region, Ghana |
| Political party | National Democratic Congress |
| Alma mater | E.P Training College |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Teacher |
|  | |


title: Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein

abstract: Isenburg and Büdingen in Birstein is a hereditary title associated with the German House of Isenburg. Prince Alexander of Isenburg is the current Prince of Isenburg and Büdingen in Birstein.

text:
# Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein

**Isenburg and Büdingen in Birstein** is a hereditary title associated with the German House of Isenburg. Prince Alexander of Isenburg (b. 1969) is the current Prince of Isenburg and Büdingen in Birstein.

## History

Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen in 1511, and was partitioned into Isenburg-Birstein, Isenburg-Büdingen, and Isenburg-Offenbach in 1628.

In the early 16th century, the late Gothic stone house of Büdingen was built by Count Ludwig II of Isenburg for his son, later known as Johann V of Isenburg and Büdingen in Birstein.

Birstein Castle has been the residence of the counts or princes of Isenburg since 1517. The counts were elevated to imperial princes in 1744.

## Notable people


title: Ishaya Bako

abstract: Ishaya Bako is a Nigerian film director and screenwriter.

text:
# Ishaya Bako

**Ishaya Bako** () (born 30 December 1986) is a Nigerian film director and screenwriter.

## Early life

He was born in Kaduna, where he lived all his life and later moved to London, where he studied at the London Film School.

## Career

After attending the London Film School, Bako went on to script and direct the Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA)-winning *Braids on a Bald Head*. He won the Best Short Film Awards at the 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards. He is an emerging voice of his generation and a member of a select few Global Shapers, a collection of enterprising youths initiated by the World Economic Forum.

His film, *Fuelling Poverty*, a documentary on poverty and fuel subsidy in Nigeria, is narrated by Nobel Laureate, Wole Soyinka. He lives in Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. His film *The Royal Hibiscus Hotel* was screened at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.

He also was one of the writers for the movie Lionheart (2018 film).

## InfoBox

| Ishaya Bako | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1986-12-30) December 30, 1986<br>Kaduna |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Citizenship | Nigerian |
| Education | Covenant University, London Film School |
| Occupation(s) | Nigerian film director and screenwriter |
| Known for | His film *Fuelling Poverty* |
| Notable work | Fuelling Poverty |


title: Owen Nacker

abstract: Owen Nacker was an American automotive engineer.

text:
# Owen Nacker

**Owen Nacker** (November 7, 1883 in Highland Township, Oakland County, Michigan – May 4, 1959 in Pleasant Ridge, Michigan) was an American automotive engineer.

## Early Automotive Career

Nacker was a consultant to Alanson Partridge Brush (February 10, 1878 – March 6, 1952 in Michigan) of the Brush Motor Car Company, makers of light car, the Runabout. As such he worked on the V-16 project at the Marmon Motor Car Company with Howard Marmon. This project was newly begun before Nacker left Marmon.

## Cadillac engine development

He was recruited in 1926 by Cadillac general manager Lawrence P. Fisher (October 19, 1888 in Norwalk, Ohio – September 3, 1961 in Detroit, Michigan) to work at the Cadillac Division of General Motors Corporation (GM). Nacker became head of engine development. He designed a 45 degree Overhead valve V-8 with an aluminum crankcase, five main bearings, counterweighted crankshaft with a front vibration damper and timing chain driving the generator. Cylinder blocks included cast nickel-iron liners extending into the crankcase with cast iron heads. This was the engine for Cadillac Division's new 1927 LaSalle companion model.

Nacker was lead development engineer of the Cadillac V-16 engine project. This was probably the first car engine to be styled for aesthetics as well as function. Finned aluminum valve covers were used and wiring and piping were hidden under covers and panels and enamel was used on some engine surfaces. Nacker also developed Cadillac's V-12 that shared tooling and many components with the V-16.

Nacker also was the leader of the 1936 monobloc Cadillac V-8 engine development with John E "Jack" Gordon also in the later stages. This new V-8 was so smooth and powerful it rendered the V-12 obsolete. Therefore, the V-12 was dropped from production after the 1937 model year.

## Hydramatic transmission

Nacker was also part of the team of engineers that developed the General Motors Hydramatic automatic transmission.

Both the monobloc Cadillac V-8 and Hydramatic transmission were used in the M5 version of the Stuart tank during World War II.

## Family

Owen Milton Nacker was the son of Harmon Nacker (September 30, 1857 in Dearborn, Michigan – November 17, 1913 in Milford, Michigan) and Dora Law (June 24, 1864 – Jun 28, 1918 in Highland, Michigan). They were married on November 22, 1882. Owen married Pearl Leonard (March 18, 1887 in Novi, Michigan – January 29, 1979) on November 23, 1904 in Highland, Michigan.

## InfoBox

| Owen Nacker | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Owen Milton Nacker
(1883-11-07)November 7, 1883
Highland Township, Oakland County, Michigan |
| Died | May 4, 1959(1959-05-04) (aged 75)
Pleasant Ridge, Michigan |
| Occupation | Automotive engineer |
| Years active | 1900s-1950s |
| Spouse | Pearl Leonard |


title: Owen Nkumane

abstract: Sibusiso Owen Nkumane is a South African former rugby union player and television commentator.

text:
# Owen Nkumane

**Sibusiso Owen Nkumane**  (born 10 August 1975) is a South African former rugby union player and television commentator.

## Career

Nkumane played for the Transvaal under–20 team in 1996 and made his senior provincial debut for Golden Lions in 1998 and also played for the Cats in the Super Rugby tournament.

Nkumane toured with Springboks to Britain and Ireland in 1998. He did not play in any of the test matches but did play in four tour matches.

## InfoBox

Owen Nkumane
| Birth name | Sibusiso Owen Nkumane |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1975-08-10) 10 August 1975 |
| Place of birth | Johannesburg, South Africa |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 105 kg (231 lb) |
| School | St John's College, Johannesburg |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Hooker  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1998–1999 Golden Lions  30  ()  2000 Border Bulldogs  1  ()  Super Rugby  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1998 Cats  2  ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1998 South Africa | |


title: Oswego-Guardian–Texanita collision

abstract: The Oswego-Guardian–Texanita collision was a maritime accident between two supertankers near Stilbaai, South Africa on 21 August 1972. The Texanita exploded and sank with the loss of 47 men, while a further life was lost on the Oswego Guardian. The accident was a catalyst for change to marine traffic separation procedures as well as oil tanker inerting.

text:
# Oswego-Guardian–Texanita collision

The ***Oswego-Guardian**Texanita* collision** was a maritime accident between two supertankers near Stilbaai, South Africa on 21 August 1972. The *Texanita* exploded and sank with the loss of 47 men, while a further life was lost on the *Oswego Guardian*. The accident was a catalyst for change to marine traffic separation procedures as well as oil tanker inerting.

## Accident

CollisionCape AgulhasStilbaaiclass=notpageimage|Western Cape, South Africa

The *Oswego-Guardian* was rounding the southern tip of Africa, fully loaded with crude oil from the Middle East, while the *Texanita* was in ballast, and headed in the opposite direction from Trinidad to Ras Tanura. Both ships were approximately 100,000 tons deadweight and registered in Liberia. The ships collided in dense fog off Stilbaai, near Cape Agulhas. The oil vapours in the *Texanita'*s two empty tanks ignited, creating a massive explosion that tore the ship apart, causing it to sink in four minutes with the loss of 47 of its 50 crew; the explosion was heard 63 miles (101 km) away, inland from the coast.

On August 22, *The New York Times* reported that "not much" oil had leaked from the site of the incident and serious shore pollution was not expected. Captain Salvourdas (the master of the *Texanita*), a crewman, Vasilos Tanos, and an unidentified Chinese messman from the Oswego Guardian were taken to a hospital in Mossel Bay.

Roughly 10,000 tonnes of crude oil and fuel oil were spilled, and an estimated 500 African penguins were oiled by the slick.

A United Nations resolution that would have made the use of inert gas safety systems mandatory for oil tankers, was still in draft in 1972. Experts believe that were the *Texanita* inerted, her fate might have been less tragic, possibly like that of the *Venoil*.

The subsequent investigation determined that the masters of both ships failed to maintain an adequate lookout or to plot the course of the opposite ship; both ships also failed to reduce speed, despite observing one another on radar. At the time, the accident was the biggest tanker collision on record.

One of the *Texanita'*s lifeboats was found at Bunbury, Western Australia two years later.

## Aftermath

The accident contributed to an overhaul of the international maritime traffic separation system that was in force at the time.

## Further reading

* David Ritchie (1999). *Shipwrecks: An Encyclopedia of the World's Worst Disasters at Sea* (2nd ed.). Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-4056-7.

34°48′S 21°24′E / 34.80°S 21.40°E / -34.80; 21.40


title: Oswego, Kansas

abstract: Oswego is a city in and the county seat of Labette County, Kansas, United States, and situated along the Neosho River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,668.

text:
# Oswego, Kansas

**Oswego** is a city in and the county seat of Labette County, Kansas, United States, and situated along the Neosho River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,668.

## History

Oswego is located on the site of an Osage village called No tse Wa spe, which means "Heart Stays" or more loosely translated, "Quiet Heart." Jesuit Missionaries from Osage Mission (now St. Paul, Kansas) who worked among the Osages called the village "Little Town," probably because the band of Osages who lived in the village were of the "Little Osage" division of the Osage People. More specifically, the Osage Village of Little Town was described as "Little Town Above" by the Jesuits, to distinguish it from another village, which was sometimes located just to the east of Little Town, called "Little Town Below." While Osage villages were moved quite often (according to weather, hunting conditions, and sanitary conditions) Little Town Above was generally located on the bluff overlooking the Neosho River, where Oswego sits today. Little Town Below often sat near Horseshoe Lake, in the Neosho River Valley about a mile due east of Oswego. During the 1850s, Little Town was often referred to as "White Hair's Town," in honor of a resident of the village named Iron Hawk. Iron Hawk was named Grand Tsi Shu Chief (or Peace Chief) of the Osage Nation (through the 19th Century, it was traditional for the Osage Chief to take the name "White Hair".)

A study of the baptismal records of the Jesuits at Osage Mission reveals that several white or mixed white and Osage families lived in or near Little Town before the Civil War. Several mixed white and Cherokee families also lived in or near the present site of Little Town, likely just east of the village in the Cherokee Neutral Lands or to the south, near Chetopa.

One family of mixed Osage blood that lived at Little Town before the Civil War was the John Allen Mathews family, who operated a blacksmith/gunsmith shop on the site and ran a trading post here, as well as one at Osage Mission and one at Fort Gibson. Mathews first purchased the trading post at Little Town from Augustus Chouteau in either 1838 or 1843, depending upon the source. Mathews was married to Mary Ann Williams until her death and then to her sister Sarah Jane Williams, daughters of William Sherley Williams, better known as "Old Bill Williams" and his Osage wife, A-Ci'n-Ga or Wind Blossom.

Mathews was a slaveholder from Kentucky, as evidenced by the baptismal records of the Osage Mission. Before the Civil War, Mathews was involved in driving off settlers from the adjacent Cherokee Neutral Lands and in stirring Southern sympathies among Native Americans living on the frontier. Early in the spring of 1861, Mathews was commissioned a captain in the Confederate Army and given orders to organize a company of soldiers from among sympathetic Native Americans, specifically, the Quapaw. In June 1861, he held a meeting at the house of Larkin McGhee in the nearby Osage village of Chetopa and organized a company of Osages and mixed-blood Cherokees for the Confederate Army. One of his sons, John Mathews, Jr. joined this company. September 8, 1861, Mathews led another company, this one made up of Osages, mixed-blooded Osages and Cherokees, and border ruffians. This second company raided and looted Humboldt, Kansas, capturing no less than a dozen freed slaves. James Lane put a $1000.00 bounty on the head of Mathews, who was soon betrayed by a man who worked at his ranch. The man helped James G. Blunt and the Kansas 6th Volunteer Cavalry (and the Humboldt Home Guard) track down Mathews. He was killed at the house of William Blythe, rented by Lewis Rogers, just southeast of Chetopa on the Cherokee Neutral Lands.

The next day, local residents were tried by James G. Blunt in an impromptu court martial. Mathews' ranch and trading post at Little Town were subsequently burned. The ranch had consisted of a two story double log cabin (covered with burr siding and sporting plastered walls), a blacksmith shop, a stable, slaves quarters, a well house, a smoke house, a woodshed, and other outbuildings, as well as two race tracks. He had title to 100 acres (0.40 km2) on the bluff and 30 acres (120,000 m2) below. He had no less than 100 head of cattle and 50 horses. His possessions and the stock of the trading post (including 50 buffalo robes and six bear skins) were distributed among the volunteers who had tracked him down. Little Town and many houses at Chetopa were also burned. The site of Little Town remained unoccupied by whites during the war. Most, but not all, of the Osages fled Kansas during the Civil War. Mathews's own children fled to Texas and Kentucky.

In 1865, a number of settlers located at this point and called the town "Little Town." Two years later, the Oswego town company was organized and so named for Oswego, New York, whence many of the settlers had come. Lots were given away to every person who would erect a building, with the result that the town grew very rapidly. The organization of Oswego as a city of the third class took place in February 1870. The town was made a city of the second class by proclamation of the governor in 1880.

The first frame house was put up by Dr. William S. Newlon in September 1865. The first frame store building was erected by Thomas J. Buntain, though the first store was opened in a log building in 1865 by Rexford & Elsbee. The post office was established in 1867 with Nelson Carr as postmaster. At that time, there were two provision stores, since Oswego was on the military road. M. George had opened a blacksmith shop and D.W. Clover a hotel, which was not only an inn for the public, but the county headquarters, a political rendezvous and a news center. This was the second hotel, the first having been built in 1866 by William A. Hogaboom. In 1868, Mr. Shanks operated the first pottery and made several kilns of stoneware; a cotton gin was set up the same year. The first bank was opened in 1868 by W. M. Johnson, who was forced two years later to make an assignment of all that he had to satisfy his creditors. The second bank was started in July 1870 by B. F. Hibart and H. L. Taylor, which was a success. The State Bank of Oswego started business a few weeks later, but discontinued after a short time, as there was not business enough for two banks. In September 1870, a steam sawmill was erected by Macon, Krell & Cowell.

The first newspaper was the *Oswego Register*, established in 1868 by E.R. Trask. The first church was the Congregational, organized in May 1868; the Presbyterian church was founded in July of the same year. The first school was opened in 1867. The public library association was organized in 1877 and continues in the form of Oswego Public Library, a Carnegie Library, today. The telephone system was put into operation in 1882, the waterworks in 1887, and the first electric lights were turned on July 12, 1888 (but were turned off a few months later).

In 2011, the City Council voted to annex city-owned Oswego Municipal Airport into the city limits, expanding Oswego into neighboring Cherokee County.

## Geography

Oswego is located approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of the Oklahoma state line and 30 miles (48 km) west of the Missouri line. It is situated along the southern bluffs overlooking the Neosho River valley at the junction of U.S. Route 59 and U.S. Route 160. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.30 square miles (5.96 km2), of which, 2.24 square miles (5.80 km2) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km2) is water.

### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Oswego has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1870 | 1,196 |  |  |
| 1880 | 2,531 |  | 111.6% |
| 1890 | 2,574 |  | 1.7% |
| 1900 | 2,208 |  | −14.2% |
| 1910 | 2,317 |  | 4.9% |
| 1920 | 2,386 |  | 3.0% |
| 1930 | 1,845 |  | −22.7% |
| 1940 | 1,953 |  | 5.9% |
| 1950 | 1,997 |  | 2.3% |
| 1960 | 2,027 |  | 1.5% |
| 1970 | 2,200 |  | 8.5% |
| 1980 | 2,218 |  | 0.8% |
| 1990 | 1,870 |  | −15.7% |
| 2000 | 2,046 |  | 9.4% |
| 2010 | 1,829 |  | −10.6% |
| 2020 | 1,668 |  | −8.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2020 census

The 2020 United States census counted 1,668 people, 678 households, and 427 families in Oswego. The population density was 692.7 per square mile (267.4/km2). There were 797 housing units at an average density of 331.0 per square mile (127.8/km2). The racial makeup was 86.39% (1,441) white or European American (84.83% non-Hispanic white), 1.62% (27) black or African-American, 2.64% (44) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.12% (2) Asian, 0.18% (3) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.14% (19) from other races, and 7.91% (132) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.96% (66) of the population.

Of the 678 households, 26.3% had children under the age of 18; 45.9% were married couples living together; 27.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 31.9% of households consisted of individuals and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.7. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.8% of the population.

23.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 104.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $42,237 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,158) and the median family income was $48,333 (+/- $8,546). Males had a median income of $36,065 (+/- $3,660) versus $21,083 (+/- $4,872) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,337 (+/- $3,138). Approximately, 5.5% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those ages 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,829 people, 763 households, and 476 families residing in the city. The population density was 816.5 inhabitants per square mile (315.3/km2). There were 869 housing units at an average density of 387.9 per square mile (149.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.3% White, 1.5% African American, 3.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 763 households, of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 39.9 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 23.7% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,046 people, 776 households, and 489 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.9 inhabitants per square mile (369.5/km2). There were 890 housing units at an average density of 416.2 per square mile (160.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.30% White, 3.32% Black or African American, 1.42% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.88% from other races, and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population.

There were 776 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,656, and the median income for a family was $38,631. Males had a median income of $26,289 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,974. About 8.5% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

### Primary and secondary education

The community is served by Oswego USD 504 public school district with four schools, serves more than 500 students.

* Oswego Junior Senior High School, grades 7-12 (following a major expansion of the Tomahawk Trail campus, the former **Oswego Middle School** (grades 6-8) and the former **Oswego High School** (grades 9-12) were combined into a single attendance center serving grades 7-12).
* Service Valley Charter Academy, a public agricultural charter school, grades K–8
* Neosho Heights Elementary School, grades PK–6

### College

Parsons, Kansas-based Labette Community College holds classes on the Oswego High School site.

Pittsburg State University, an NCAA Division II school in the Kansas Board of Regents system, is located approximately thirty miles away in nearby Pittsburg, Kansas.

### Museums

The Oswego Historical Museum and Genealogy Department, owned by the Oswego Historical Society, Inc., offers guided museum tours featuring period-style theme rooms, genealogical research, and tours of an original log cabin, a partially reconstructed building original to the Oswego townsite.

### Libraries

Each of the USD 504 building sites includes a library for student access. These school libraries provided extended services such as inter-library loan through Southeast Kansas Library System and access to Internet2 and online databases through Kan-ed, a service sponsored by the State of Kansas.

The community of Oswego is served by the Oswego Public Library (OPL), a Carnegie Library. OPL offers a vast collection of books, DVDs, periodicals, audio books, and videos. Internet access is also available through the use of patron-access computers or the Library's free Wi-Fi access.

## Medical

Until 2019, Oswego was served by Oswego Community Hospital (OCH), a twelve-bed Critical Access hospital administered by HMC/CAH, Inc. and supported by Via Christi Hospital (Pittsburg) of Pittsburg, Kansas and Labette Health of Parsons. OCH had a contractual agreement with Eagle-Med to provide Air Ambulance services to any local or regional hospital.

On February 13, 2019, Oswego Community Hospital abruptly closed its doors, "citing \[a\] failure to expand Medicaid" and "low patient volumes." However, later in 2019, then-Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt announced his office had executed a search warrant as part of a broader investigation of the hospital's operator, EmpowerHMS. In June 2020, federal indictments were unsealed, revealing that several persons associated with EmpowerHMS were indicted by the U.S. Department of Justice for their alleged role in a $1.4 billion fraudulent billing scheme. In April 2020, the hospital's assets, including the former hospital site, a former clinic location, and other real estate, were purchased out of bankruptcy by Oswego NeuroPsych Hospital, Inc.

Labette Health of Parsons, in conjunction with the Labette County Health Department, provides emergency ambulatory services to the hospital best-qualified to treat each patient.

Labette Health and Via Christi Hospital of Pittsburg, Kansas provide the closest Level III Trauma Centers, the only two emergency rooms to achieve Level III rating in the State of Kansas.

Two Level II Trauma Centers, Mercy Hospital Joplin and Freeman Health System, are located approximately thirty-five miles away in the regional hub of Joplin, Missouri, while the closest Level I Trauma Centers are in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

## Recreation

Oswego is home to five city-maintained parks.

* Riverside Park
* Schmoker Park
* John Mathews Park (Little Town Well)
* Hobart Young Park
* Thomas Park (Log Cabin)

### Riverside Park

Riverside Park is Oswego's flagship park property. Located on 80 acres (320,000 m2) near the north boundary of the city, Riverside Park overlooks the 100-foot (30 m) bluff that defines Oswego. It is home to the Labette County Fairgrounds, the 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) Oswego Community Center, the historic Oswego City Pool, shelter houses, walking trails, RV campgrounds, and playground equipment. Riverside Park also includes tennis courts, horseshoe pits, and two baseball/softball fields, as well as ample parking.

Many of the stone structures were built in the 1930s as part of a series of State of Kansas public works employment projects.

#### Oswego City Pool

Built in 1935 to service the entire Southeast Kansas region, Oswego City Pool continues to serve the citizens of Oswego using its historic facilities. In the late 2000s, the National Park Service provided a grant to the City of Oswego to replace the concrete deck surrounding the pool, as well as the protective chain link fence. Work was also done to replace the aging diving board stands and water slide.

#### Oswego Community Center

Built in 2006 as part of Community Development Grant funded through the Kansas Department of Commerce, the 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) facility plays host to a number of community events, including weddings, county fair exhibits, and community luncheons.

#### Labette County Fairgrounds

Encompassing the southern portion of Riverside Park, the Labette County Fairgrounds are host to many barns, exhibit halls, and Memorial Stadium. The Stadium was once used by the Oswego High School football program, and now used for the Fair's demolition derby.

### Oswego Golf Course

Located just north of Oswego on U.S. Highway 59, Oswego Golf Course provides a nine-hole green. It was featured on television in 2006 by Jim Huber when PGA on Tour visited the course.

## Media

*Labette Avenue* is a weekly paper that covers mostly local stories and events. The newspaper is a continuation of the historic *Oswego Independent* and other local weekly newspapers. *Labette Avenue* is based in Oswego and serves the rural areas of Labette County, Kansas.

The daily *Parsons Sun*, of nearby Parsons, Kansas, also covers Oswego. The nearest major newspaper is the Joplin Globe.

Oswego is located in the Joplin-Pittsburg broadcast market area and receives the majority of its television and radio signals from those two cities. KGGF 690 AM Coffeyville covers SE Kansas and Broadcasts from its tower site in Mound Valley.

## Transportation

### Rail

Oswego is served by the Union Pacific Railroad and the South Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad, a shortline railroad operating on former Frisco Railway trackage that provides direct connections to BNSF Railway and the Kansas City Southern Railway.

### Road

U.S. Federal Highways U.S. 160 and U.S. 59 meet in Oswego. The city is located approximately 35 miles (56 km) from Interstate 44.

### Air

Oswego Municipal Airport, located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) outside the central business district, serves the general aviation needs of Oswego and the surrounding area. Fuel is available for purchase on-site.

## Notable people

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Oswego, Kansas | |
| --- | --- |
| City and County seat | |
| Oswego Carnegie Library (2013) | |
| Location within Labette County and Kansas | |
| KDOT map of Labette County (legend) | |
| Coordinates: 37°10′4″N 95°6′34″W / 37.16778°N 95.10944°W / 37.16778; -95.10944 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Labette |
| Founded | 1865 |
| Incorporated | 1867 |
| Named for | Oswego, New York |
| Government | |
| Type | Mayor–Council |
| Mayor | Bill Cunningham |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.47 sq mi (6.40 km2) |
| Land | 2.41 sq mi (6.24 km2) |
| Water | 0.06 sq mi (0.17 km2) |
| Elevation | 912 ft (278 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,668 |
| Density | 680/sq mi (260/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 67356 |
| Area code | 620 |
| FIPS code | 20-53450 |
| GNIS ID | 469468 |
| Website | oswegokansas.com |


title: Owl's Head (Carroll, New Hampshire)

abstract: Owl's Head, or Owlshead, is a 3,258-foot (993 m) peak of Cherry Mountain, in Carroll, New Hampshire, United States, and the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF). The lower reaches of the mountain also extend northward into the town of Jefferson. It is known both as the namesake of the nearby Owl's Head Highway, and as a hiking destination on the Owl's Head Trail. In 2005 the Trust for Public Land (TPL) acquired private land including about three-quarters of the trail, and a road easement that could provide access in place of the part of the trail lying on land that remains private. TPL at that time anticipated transferring its land to the U.S. Forest Service in the following year, for inclusion in the WMNF.

text:
# Owl's Head (Carroll, New Hampshire)

**Owl's Head**, or **Owlshead**, is a 3,258-foot (993 m) peak of Cherry Mountain, in Carroll, New Hampshire, United States, and (at least since 2001) the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF). The lower reaches of the mountain also extend northward into the town of Jefferson.

It is known both as the namesake of the nearby Owl's Head Highway, and as a hiking destination on the Owl's Head Trail.

In 2005 the Trust for Public Land (TPL) acquired private land including about three-quarters of the trail, and a road easement that could provide access in place of the part of the trail lying on land that remains private. TPL at that time anticipated transferring its land to the U.S. Forest Service in the following year, for inclusion in the WMNF.

44°20′19″N 71°29′33″W / 44.33861°N 71.49250°W / 44.33861; -71.49250


title: Owl's Head Historic District

abstract: The Owl's Head Historic District is a residential area located on the west side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Among its 50 buildings is the former Iowa governor's mansion. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.

text:
# Owl's Head Historic District

The **Owl's Head Historic District** is a residential area located on the west side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Among its 50 buildings is the former Iowa governor's mansion. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.

## History

Owl's Head was platted in 1888 when the area was part of the town of Greenwood Park. It was annexed by the city of Des Moines in 1890. At the time the subdivision was being developed the city's railways system was being consolidated, expanded, and electrified. One line ran a block north of Owl's Head on Ingersoll Avenue. This and other factors made Owl's Head a street car suburb. The other factors included the homogeneity of social class and income, the relatively homogeneous structures and the woody lots. The shingling and half-timber work in the architecture also suggests an attempt to flee the city, at least psychologically, into a rural ideal.

## Architecture

Five of Des Moines’ more prominent architectural firms contributed structures to the district: Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson, Sawyer and Watrous, Kraetsch and Kraetsch, and C.C. Cross. While a variety of styles exist in the district there are certain generalizations that can be made about the structures. The houses are fairly large and are two to three stories tall. They appear larger as they are situated on fairly small lots, which is consistent with areas near the streetcar lines. The roof ridge is generally parallel to the front of the house. Gables and dormers are prominent architectural features. The houses also tend to have a combination of more than one exterior surface material such as brick and stucco, clapboard and shingling or brick and shingling. A large percentage of the houses in the district were built in a rather narrow time span between 1905 and 1915. The styles employed are generally historicist in detail and contemporary in mass and scale.

## Former Iowa Governor’s Mansion

The house at 2900 Grand Avenue served as the Iowa governor's mansion from 1944 to 1976. It was built in 1905 for W.W. Witmer. The house was designed in the Palladian Georgian Revival style. The brick structure features a five-bay front with a central Palladian window on the second floor. A central pavilion that is framed by fluted Ionic pilasters protrudes from the house. Pilasters also adorn the corners of the main block and a full entablature is returned over the pilasters and defines the pavilion. A gabled dormer is centered over each side bay. The windows have a "Gothick" character and the first-floor windows feature Swan's-neck pediments. The interior follows a central hall design. After it served as the governor's mansion the house became office space for the Iowa Girls' High School Athletic Union.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Owl's Head Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Former Iowa Governor's Mansion | |
|  | |
| Location | Ridge Rd., Forest Dr. and 28th and 29th Sts.
Des Moines, Iowa |
| Coordinates | 41°34′57″N 93°39′18″W / 41.58250°N 93.65500°W / 41.58250; -93.65500 |
| Area | 26 acres (11 ha) |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival
Late Victorian |
| NRHP reference No. | 78001253 |
| Added to NRHP | October 11, 1978 |


title: Ismaël Bamba

abstract: Ismaël Bamba is a retired Canadian football wide receiver, who last played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League in 2013. He was selected 39th overall by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the 2012 CFL Draft. After the 2011 CIS season, he was ranked as the 11th best player in the Canadian Football League’s Amateur Scouting Bureau final rankings for players eligible in the 2012 CFL Draft, and sixth by players in Canadian Interuniversity Sport. He played CIS football with the Sherbrooke Vert et Or. He also played for the St. Leonard Cougars of the CJFL and for the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux.

text:
# Ismaël Bamba

**Ismaël Bamba** (born November 10, 1987, in Côte d'Ivoire) is a retired Canadian football wide receiver, who last played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League in 2013. He was selected 39th overall by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the 2012 CFL Draft. After the 2011 CIS season, he was ranked as the 11th best player in the Canadian Football League’s Amateur Scouting Bureau final rankings for players eligible in the 2012 CFL Draft, and sixth by players in Canadian Interuniversity Sport. He played CIS football with the Sherbrooke Vert et Or. He also played for the St. Leonard Cougars of the CJFL and for the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux.

## InfoBox

Ismaël Bamba
| No. 85     Free agent | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | (1987-11-10) November 10, 1987<br>Côte d'Ivoire |
| Career information | |
| Status | Active |
| CFL status | National |
| Position(s) | WR |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) |
| Weight | 195 lb (88 kg) |
| College | North Dakota |
| University | Sherbrooke |
| CJFL | St. Leonard Cougars |
| CFL draft | 2012, round: 6, pick: 39 |
| Drafted by | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 2012 | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
| 2013 | Edmonton Eskimos* |
| 2013 | Montreal Alouettes |
| \*Offseason and/or practice roster only. | |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
| * Playing stats at CFL.ca (archive) | |
|  | |


title: Ishikawa (restaurant)

abstract: Kagurazaka Ishikawa is a Michelin 3-star kaiseki restaurant in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. It is owned and operated by chef Hideki Ishikawa. It is a personal favorite of chef David Kinch. The restaurant has four private rooms and can seat seven at the counter.

text:
# Ishikawa (restaurant)

**Kagurazaka Ishikawa** is a Michelin 3-star kaiseki restaurant in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. It is owned and operated by chef Hideki Ishikawa. It is a personal favorite of chef David Kinch.

The restaurant has four private rooms and can seat seven at the counter.

35°42′05″N 139°44′21″E / 35.70139°N 139.73917°E / 35.70139; 139.73917

## InfoBox

| Ishikawa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Owner(s) | Hideki Ishikawa |
| Head chef | Hideki Ishikawa |
| Food type | Kaiseki |
| Rating | (Michelin Guide) |
| Street address | 神楽坂5−37 高村ビル1F |
| City | Shinjuku, Tokyo |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 162-0825 |
| Country | Japan |
| Reservations | Required |
| Website | kagurazaka-ishikawa.co.jp |


title: Ishikawa-dai Station

abstract: .mw-parser-output.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output.infobox.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-header,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-above,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-title,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}} Ishikawa-dai Station is a railway station on the Tokyu Ikegami Line in Ota, Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyu Corporation.

text:
# Ishikawa-dai Station

**Ishikawa-dai Station** (石川台駅, *Ishikawa-dai-eki*) is a railway station on the Tokyu Ikegami Line in Ota, Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyu Corporation.

## Lines

Ishikawa-dai Station is served by the Tokyu Ikegami Line, and is located 4.9 km from the line's Tokyo terminus at Gotanda.

## Station layout

The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks. The train tracks go over the street which pedestrians may need to cross to get to the platform. Hence, crossing between platforms as the train arrives is not possible.

### Platforms

| **1** | Tokyu Ikegami Line | for Yukigaya-ōtsuka, Ikegami, and Kamata |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Tokyu Ikegami Line | for Hatanodai, Togoshi-Ginza, and Gotanda |

## History

The station first opened on 28 August 1927 as Ishikawa Station (石川駅). On 3 April 1928, it was renamed Ishikawa-dai.

## Surrounding area

35°35′49″N 139°41′06″E / 35.59688°N 139.68506°E / 35.59688; 139.68506

## InfoBox

| IK08
Ishikawa-dai Station
石川台駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ishikawa-dai Station, August 2021 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Higashi-Yukigaya, Ota Ward, Tokyo
（東京都大田区東雪谷）
Japan |
| Operated by | Tōkyū Railways |
| Line(s) | Ikegami Line |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections |  |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At grade |
| Other information | |
| Station code | IK08 |
| History | |
| Opened | 28 August 1927 (1927-08-28) |
| Previous names | Ishikawa (until 1928) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Tōkyū Railways Following station  Yukigaya-ōtsukaIK09towards Kamata  Ikegami Line  Senzoku-ikeIK07towards Gotanda | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Ishikawa-dai StationLocation within Special wards of TokyoIshikawa-dai StationIshikawa-dai Station (Tokyo Bay and Bōsō Peninsula)Ishikawa-dai StationIshikawa-dai Station (Tokyo)Ishikawa-dai StationIshikawa-dai Station (Japan) | |


title: Ouija 4

abstract: Ouija 4 is the DVD re-titled release of the 2015 Hong Kong horror film Are You Here, originally released as Dip Sin Dip Sin directed by Jill Wong. It is an unofficial sequel to Ouija and Ouija: Origin of Evil made by Blumhouse Productions. This film is completely unrelated to the official Blumhouse Ouija film series. Unlike Ouija 3: The Charlie Charlie Challenge, this entry does feature a Ouija board.

text:
# Ouija 4

***Ouija 4*** is the DVD re-titled release of the 2015 Hong Kong horror film ***Are You Here***, originally released as *Dip Sin Dip Sin* (Chinese: 碟仙碟仙; pinyin: *Dié Xiān Dié Xiān*; Jyutping: *Dip Sin Dip Sin*) directed by Jill Wong. It is an unofficial sequel to *Ouija* and *Ouija: Origin of Evil* made by Blumhouse Productions (also following the re-titled horror film *Ouija 3: The Charlie Charlie Challenge* distributed by Cinedigm). This film is completely unrelated to the official Blumhouse *Ouija* film series. Unlike *Ouija 3: The Charlie Charlie Challenge*, this entry does feature a Ouija board.

## Plot

Business partners get caught up in a game of supernatural horror when playing an Ouija board online.

## Release

Released on DVD 3 April 2018 by Cinedigm.

## InfoBox

| Ouija 4 | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD Cover Artwork | |
| Directed by | Jill Wong |
| Written by | Patrick Kong |
| Starring | Jacquelin Ch'ng |
| Cinematography | Siuki Yip |
| Distributed by | Cinedigm |
| Release date | * 15 October 2015 (2015-10-15) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Language | Cantonese |


title: Isocyanide dichloride

abstract: Isocyanide dichlorides are organic compounds containing the RN=CCl2 functional group. Classically they are obtained by chlorination of isocyanides. Phenylcarbylamine chloride is a well-characterized example.

text:
# Isocyanide dichloride

**Isocyanide dichlorides** are organic compounds containing the RN=CCl2 functional group. Classically they are obtained by chlorination of isocyanides. Phenylcarbylamine chloride is a well-characterized example.

## Preparation and reactions

Chlorination of organic isothiocyanates is also well established:

RN=C=S + 2 Cl2 → RN=CCl2 \+ SCl2

Alkylisocyanates are chlorinated by phosphorus pentachloride:

RN=C=O + PCl5 → RN=CCl2 \+ POCl3

Cyanogen chloride also chlorinates to give the isocyanide dichloride:

ClCN + Cl2 → ClN=CCl2

## Reactions

Isocyanide dichlorides participate in Friedel-Crafts-like reactions, leading, after hydrolysis, to benzamides:

RN=CCl2 \+ ArH → RN=C(Cl)Ar + HCl RN=C(Cl)Ar + H2O → R(H)NC(O)Ar + HCl  1. R. G. Guy (1977). "Syntheses and Preparative Applications of Thiocyanates". In Saul Patai (ed.). *Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 2, Volume 2*. PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups. p. 619-818. doi:10.1002/9780470771532.ch2. ISBN 9780470771532.


title: Isocylindra

abstract: Isocylindra is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

text:
# Isocylindra

***Isocylindra*** is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Isocylindra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Subfamily: | Sesiinae |
| Genus: | ***Isocylindra***<br>Meyrick, 1930 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Isoparorchiidae

abstract:
Isoparorchiidae is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida. Genera:
  - Isoparorchis Southwell, 1913

text:
# Isoparorchiidae

**Isoparorchiidae** is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida.

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Isoparorchiidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Trematoda |
| Order: | Plagiorchiida |
| Suborder: | Hemiurata |
| Superfamily: | Hemiuroidea |
| Family: | Isoparorchiidae<br>Travassos, 1922 |
|


title: The Young Runaways (1978 film)

abstract: The Young Runaways is a 1978 American made-for-television drama family film produced by Walt Disney Productions starring Gary Collins, Anne Francis, Sharon Farrell and Robert Webber. It originally aired on NBC as part of The Wonderful World of Disney on May 28, 1978.

text:
# The Young Runaways (1978 film)

***The Young Runaways*** is a 1978 American made-for-television drama family film produced by Walt Disney Productions starring Gary Collins, Anne Francis, Sharon Farrell and Robert Webber. It originally aired on NBC as part of *The Wonderful World of Disney* on May 28, 1978.

## Synopsis

"The Young Runaways" are a 12-year-old girl (Alicia Fleer) and her 5-year-old brother (Tommy Crebbs), while on a mission to "kidnap" their brother and sister from a foster home, accidentally become entangled with bank robbers (Anne Francis and Robert Webber) and a precocious, wealthy youngster eager to mastermind the caper.

## Cast

## Home video

To date, *The Young Runaways* has never been released on any physical format by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.

## InfoBox

| *The Young Runaways* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Adventure
Drama
Family |
| Written by | Sy Gomberg |
| Directed by | Russ Mayberry |
| Starring | Gary Collins
Anne Francis
Sharon Farrell
Robert Webber |
| Music by | Robert F. Brunner |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Ron Miller |
| Producer | Jerome Courtland |
| Cinematography | Charles F. Wheeler |
| Editor | Bob Bring |
| Running time | 120 minutes |
| Production company | Walt Disney Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | May 28, 1978 (1978-05-28) |


title: Ozarker

abstract: Ozarker is an album by American musician Israel Nash, released on October 20, 2023, through Desert Folklore and Soundly Music. Nash recorded the album in a home studio and worked with its co-producer Kevin Ratterman to record overdubs in Ratterman's Los Angeles studio. It received acclaim from critics and charted in Scotland.

text:
# Ozarker

***Ozarker*** is an album by American musician Israel Nash, released on October 20, 2023, through Desert Folklore and Soundly Music. Nash recorded the album in a home studio and worked with its co-producer Kevin Ratterman to record overdubs in Ratterman's Los Angeles studio. It received acclaim from critics and charted in Scotland.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 88/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *American Songwriter* |  |
| *Mojo* |  |
| *Uncut* | 9/10 |

*Ozarker* received a score of 88 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic based on five critics' reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". *Mojo* described the album as "both sentimental and hard-nosed, nostalgic about a past without ignoring the modern world's gritty reality", while *Uncut* called it "an album that unfurls like a flag on a battlefield, glorious, tattered, defiant, full of big choruses, vaulting harmonies, a brazenly windswept sound. The guitars couldn't be louder, bolder, more heroically deployed".

*American Songwriter*'s Hal Horowitz summarized that "the melodies take flight, soaring as guitars strum, and drums pound, and Nash unleashes ten widescreen tales resounding with melancholy intensity and an idiosyncratic style best described as uncompromising". John Moore of *Glide Magazine* felt that *Ozarker* "has a timelessness to it, blending these classic \[roots and heartland rock\] influences with his now trademark Americana/folk laced with elements of psychedelic" and that it "manages to update a sound that resonates both comfortably and refreshing at the same time".

## Track listing

*Ozarker* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Can't Stop" | 4:19 |
| 2. | "Roman Candle" | 4:02 |
| 3. | "Ozarker" | 4:36 |
| 4. | "Pieces" | 4:52 |
| 5. | "Going Back" | 5:16 |
| 6. | "Firedance" | 4:38 |
| 7. | "Lost in America" | 4:49 |
| 8. | "Midnight Hour" | 4:09 |
| 9. | "Travel On" | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Shadowland" | 4:45 |
| Total length: | | 45:22 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *Ozarker*
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 56 |
| UK Americana Albums (OCC) | 5 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 27 |

## InfoBox

| Ozarker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Israel Nash | |
| Released | October 20, 2023 (2023-10-20) |
| Genre | Americana |
| Length | 45:22 |
| Label | * Desert Folklore * Soundly |
| Producer |  |
| Israel Nash chronology | |
| *Topaz*
(2021) ***Ozarker***
(2023) | |


title: Ozarka College

abstract: Ozarka College (OC) is a public community college with its main campus in Melbourne, Arkansas and satellite campuses in Mountain View, Ash Flat, and Mammoth Spring. The college serves the populations of Izard, Stone, Fulton, and Sharp counties.

text:
# Ozarka College

**Ozarka College** (**OC**) is a public community college with its main campus in Melbourne, Arkansas and satellite campuses in Mountain View, Ash Flat, and Mammoth Spring. The college serves the populations of Izard, Stone, Fulton, and Sharp counties.

## History

The school opened in 1975 as *Ozarka Vocational-Technical School* and was renamed to *Ozarka Technical College* by the Arkansas legislature in 1991. In 1999, it dropped the word Technical from its name to emphasize its wider range of programs. Currently the college enrolls approximately 1,500 students per semester.

In 1996, Ozarka College was accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

In 2002, the college received a 30-acre (120,000 m2) donation to serve as the site of a distance learning center in Ash Flat, Arkansas. The donation came from First National Bank of Sharp County and Bob Watson of Brooksville, Florida. It had an assessed value of 105,000 dollars. In 2008 a new 9,200-square-foot (850 m2) structure designed by Rico Harris of Harris Architecture in Hot Springs, Arkansas was completed to accompany the existing 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) building.

In 2004, the library was renamed to Paul Weaver Library to honor the senator Paul Weaver due to his contribution to Ozarka College and its community.

2015 marked Ozarka College's 40th anniversary as well as the 10th anniversary of permanent campuses in Ash Flat and Mountain View and the 5th anniversary of the Mammoth Spring campus.

On January 29, 2015, Ozarka College held a ribbon cutting ceremony for the new Student Services Center on the main campus in Melbourne. The Student Services Center is the first two-story building in the history of Ozarka College and houses all of Ozarka's Student Services departments including: Admissions, Financial Aid, Career Pathways, TRiO Student Support Services and others. The new Ozarka College Cafe is also located on the ground floor of the building and is open to the public.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

Ozarka College
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Former names | Ozarka Vocational-Technical School; Ozarka Technical College |
| Motto | Providing life-changing experiences through education. |
| Type | Public community college |
| Established | 1975 |
| President | Dr. Richard L. Dawe |
| Students | 1,325 |
| Location | Melbourne, Arkansas, United States
36°03′18″N 91°53′43″W / 36.05489°N 91.89528°W / 36.05489; -91.89528 |
| Colors | Crimson, White, and Black |
| Website | www.ozarka.edu/ |


title: Israel Zamosz

abstract: Israel ben Moses ha-Levi Zamosz was an eighteenth-century Talmudist, mathematician and poet.

text:
# Israel Zamosz

**Israel ben Moses ha-Levi Zamosz** (c. 1700, Buberki – April 20, 1772, Brody) was an eighteenth-century Talmudist, mathematician and poet.

## Biography

He was born in Buberki to an undistinguished family and studied in Zamosz, where he also taught at a yeshiva. At the same time he occupied himself with the study of secular sciences, particularly with mathematics, and while there wrote many notes on the *Yesod Olam* of Isaac Israeli ben Joseph and on the *Elim* of Joseph Delmedigo. During his residence at Zamosz he also wrote his *Arubbot ha-Shamayim*, a work on descriptive geometry and astronomy. Zamosz first gained fame with the publication of his *Neẓaḥ Yisrael* in 1741, which took the form of a traditional text discussing topics addressed in the Talmud, but innovated by interpreting numerous passages from a mathematical and astronomical viewpoint.

About 1742, after he had published his *Neẓaḥ Yisrael*, Zamosz settled in Berlin, where he remained several years, living in poverty. There he instructed Aaron Solomon Gumperz and Moses Mendelssohn in mathematics and logic, and his scholarship was much appreciated by Lessing.

## Work

Zamosz was a versatile writer, his knowledge comprising rabbinics, religious philosophy, and secular sciences. The only works of his published during his lifetime were the *Neẓaḥ Yisrael* (1741) and his edition of the *Ruaḥ Ḥen* of Ibn Tibbon or Jacob Anatoli, to which he appended a commentary of his own (1744). After his death appeared the *Nezer ha-Dema* (1773), a work in poetical prose on man's desire for luxury, the *Oẓar Neḥmad* (1796), a commentary on the *Kuzari*, and the *Ṭub ha-Lebanon* (1809), a commentary on the *Ḥobot ha-Lebabot*.


title: Israeli Ligioners

text:
# Israeli Ligioners

This list is about Israeli footballers that play in international clubs.

## Players

For the current national team squad, see Israel national football team#Current squad.

Israeli footballers in an international club (Ligioners)
| # | Name | Position | League | Club | Shirt number |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bibras Natcho | MF | Russian Football Premier League | PFC CSKA Moscow | 66 |
| 2 | Lior Refaelov | MF | Belgian Pro League | Club Brugge KV | 8 |
| 3 | Rami Gershon | DF | Belgian Pro League | K.A.A. Gent | 55 |
| 4 | Kenny Hasan Sayef | MF | Belgian Pro League | K.A.A. Gent | 15 |
| 5 | Hatem Abd Elhamed | DF | Belgian Pro League | K.A.A. Gent | 16 |
| 6 | Ofir Martziano | GK | Belgian Pro League | Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz | 1 |
| 7 | Omer Damari | FW | Austrian Football Bundesliga | FC Red Bull Salzburg | 16 |
| 8 | Almog Cohen | MF | Bundesliga | FC Ingolstadt 04 | 36 |
| 9 | Sheran Yeini | MF | Eredivisie | Vitesse Arnhem | 6 |
| 10 | Nir Bitton | MF | Scottish Premiership | Celtic F.C. | 6 |
| 11 | Moanes Dabour | FW | Swiss Super League | Grasshopper Club Zürich | 9 |
| 12 | Tomer Hemed | FW | Football League Championship | Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. | 10 |
| 13 | Beram Kayal | MF | Football League Championship | Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. | 7 |
| 14 | Roi Kahat | MF | Austrian Football Bundesliga | FK Austria Wien | 19 |
| 15 | Mohammad Ghadir | FW | Belgian Pro League | K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen | 11 |
| 16 | Idan Vered | MF | Serbian SuperLiga | Red Star Belgrade | 11 |
| 17 | Lotem Zino | MF | Swiss Super League | FC Thun | 15 |
| 18 | Sintayehu Sallalich | MF | Slovenian PrvaLiga | NK Maribor | 8 |
| 19 | Marwan Kabha | MF | Slovenian PrvaLiga | NK Maribor | 24 |
| 20 | Gal Shish | DF | Ukrainian Premier League | FC Volyn Lutsk | 16 |
| 21 | Gal Harel | MF | Segunda División | Gimnàstic de Tarragona | 18 |
| 22 | Hasan Abu Zaid | MF | Russian Football National League | FC Torpedo Armavir | 21 |
| 23 | Toto Tamuz | FW | Liga I | FC Petrolul Ploiești | 99 |
| 24 | Eyal Golasa | MF | Superleague Greece | PAOK FC | 7 |
| 25 | Orr Barouch | FW | Swiss Challenge League | FC Biel-Bienne | 27 |

Key
| GK | Goalkeeper | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| DF | Defender | | |
| MF | Midfielder | | |
| FW | Forward | | |


title: Ismael Ortiz

abstract: Ismael Jafet Ortiz Zuñiga is a swimmer from Panama. He participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, competing in the Men's 100-meter Freestyle. His heat time was 51.74 seconds, which was not enough to advance to the semi-finals. Ortiz also represented his native country at the World Championships in 2001 and 2003. Despite qualifying to represent Panama in the 2008 Olympics with a time below 23.00 seconds, domestic political circumstances prevented him from competing in the games, causing a small public outcry in his home country. He swam for the USA's Drury University from 2005 to 2007. He graduated with a degree in Fine Art in 2008, and currently teaches youth swimming in Miami.

text:
# Ismael Ortiz

**Ismael Jafet Ortiz Zuñiga** (born October 22, 1982, in Panama City) is a swimmer from Panama. He participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, competing in the Men's 100-meter Freestyle. His heat time was 51.74 seconds, which was not enough to advance to the semi-finals. Ortiz also represented his native country at the World Championships (long course) in 2001 and 2003.

> "...I found out I wasn’t going when I read the newspaper! How do you think one feels when your own country doesn’t even tell you that you’re not going?"

Ismael Ortiz, on the 2008 Olympic controversy

Despite qualifying to represent Panama in the 2008 Olympics with a time below 23.00 seconds, domestic political circumstances prevented him from competing in the games, causing a small public outcry in his home country.

He swam for the USA's Drury University from 2005 to 2007. He graduated with a degree in Fine Art in 2008, and currently teaches youth swimming in Miami.

## Trivia

Ortiz is also an avid sailor according to the Denver post.

## InfoBox

Ismael Ortiz
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Ismael Jafet Ortiz Zuñiga |
| Nickname | Da Ish |
| Nationality | Panama |
| Born | (1982-10-22) October 22, 1982<br>Panama City, Panama |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight | 73 kg (161 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | Freestyle |
| Club | Pine Crest Swim Club (USA) |
| College team | Drury University (2005-'07) |
|  | |


title: PFL 3 (2021)

abstract: The PFL 3 mixed martial arts event for the 2021 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on May 6, 2021. This was the third regular season event of the tournament and included fights in the Heavyweight and women's Lightweight divisions. After the previous two events aired on ESPN2, this was the first event airing on ESPN.

text:
# PFL 3 (2021)

The ***PFL 3*** mixed martial arts event for the 2021 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on May 6, 2021. This was the third regular season event of the tournament and included fights in the Heavyweight and women's Lightweight divisions. After the previous two events aired on ESPN2, this was the first event airing on ESPN.

## Background

The event was headlined by a heavyweight bout, contested by the former UFC Heavyweight champion Fabrício Werdum and Renan Ferreira.

In the co-main event, the 2019 PFL Lightweight champion Kayla Harrison fought Mariana Morais.

In the second heavyweight fight of the main card, the 2019 PFL Heavyweight champion Ali Isaev was scheduled to face promotional newcomer Hatef Moeil. However, during the week of the event, it was announced that the bout was pulled due to unknown reasons and would be rescheduled for June.

Justin Willis and Denis Goltsov were expected to face each other at this event. However, Willis was pulled from the bout after the weigh-ins due to being not medically cleared and replaced by Muhammed DeReese.

## Results

| Main Card (ESPN) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Heavyweight | Renan Ferreira | vs. | Fabrício Werdum | No Contest (overturned) | 1 | 2:32 |  |
| Women's Lightweight | Kayla Harrison | def. | Mariana Morais | TKO (punches) | 1 | 1:23 |  |
| Heavyweight | Brandon Sayles | def. | Mohammed Usman | Technical Submission (rear-naked choke) | 2 | 3:42 |  |
| Women's Lightweight | Larissa Pacheco | def. | Julija Pajić | TKO (punches) | 1 | 0:51 |  |
| Preliminary card (ESPN/ESPN+) | | | | | | | |
| Heavyweight | Bruno Cappelozza | def. | Ante Delija | KO (punches) | 1 | 0:46 |  |
| Women's Lightweight | Kaitlin Young | def. | Cindy Dandois | Decision (unanimous) (30-27, 30-27, 30-27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Women's Lightweight | Genah Fabian | def. | Laura Sanchez | Decision (unanimous) (30-27, 30-27, 30-27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Heavyweight | Denis Goltsov | def. | Muhammed DeReese | TKO (punches) | 1 | 4:21 |  |
| Preliminary card (ESPN+) | | | | | | | |
| Women's Lightweight | Taylor Guardado | def. | Olena Kolesnyk | Decision (unanimous) (29-27, 30-26, 30-26) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Welterweight | Magomed Umalatov | def. | Kyron Bowen | TKO (punch) | 2 | 0:07 |  |

## Aftermath

On May 10, the New Jersey State Athletic Control Board announced that Renan Ferreira's TKO win against Fabrício Werdum was overturned to a No contest after they found that referee Keith Peterson missed a pair of taps by Ferreira that were caught on camera as Werdum applied a choke right before he lost by TKO. Due to this decision, both Werdum and Ferreria received one point in the standings.

## Standings After Event

The PFL points system is based on results of the match. The winner of a fight receives 3 points. If the fight ends in a draw, no contest, or no decision, both fighters will receive 1 point. The bonus for winning a fight in the first, second, or third round is 3 points, 2 points, and 1 point respectively. The bonus for winning in the third round requires a fight be stopped before 4:59 of the third round. No bonus point will be awarded if a fighter wins via decision. For example, if a fighter wins a fight in the first round, then the fighter will receive 6 total points. A decision win will result in three total points. If a fighter misses weight, the opponent (should they comply with weight limits) will receive 3 points due to a walkover victory, regardless of winning or losing the bout, with the fighter who missed weight being deducted 1 standings point; if the non-offending fighter subsequently wins with a stoppage, all bonus points will be awarded. A fighter who was unable to compete for any reason, will receive a 1-point penalty (-1 point in the standings). The fighters who made weight will not receive a walkover, but will earn points and contracted purse amounts based on their performance in the altered matchup.

### Heavyweight

| Fighter | Wins | Draws | Losses | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Total
Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bruno Cappelozza | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| Denis Goltsov | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| Brandon Sayles | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** |
| Fabricio Werdum | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** |
| Renan Ferreira | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** |
| Ante Delija | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Muhammed DeReese | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Mohammed Usman | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Ali Isaev | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **-1** |
| Hatef Moeil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **-1** |

### Women's Lightweight

| Fighter | Wins | Draws | Losses | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Total
Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kayla Harrison | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| Larissa Pacheco | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **6** |
| Genah Fabian | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Kaitlin Young | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Taylor Guardado | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |
| Cindy Dandois | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Mariana Morais | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Olena Kolesnyk | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Julija Pajić | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| Laura Sanchez | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |

1. Jed I. Goodman \[@jedigoodman\] (7 May 2021). "PFL 3 (2021 season) on ESPN averaged 324K viewers. (18-49 demo: 0.09) (was 4 hour broadcast) PFL 2 (2021 season) on ESPN2 averaged 136K viewers. (18-49 demo: 0.03) PFL 1 (2021 season): 156K viewers. (18-49 demo: 0.04) (Aired on a Friday)" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021  via Twitter.
2. "Fight Card - 2021 PFL 3". PFL.
3. "Ali Isaev, Hatef Moeil ruled out at 2021 PFL 3; finalized lineup sees eight fights air on ESPN". *MMA Junkie*. 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
4. Brand, Jeremy. "PFL 3 Features Fabricio Werdum vs. Renan Ferreira Main Event". *mmasucka.com*. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
5. Navas, Julio Fernando. "Kayla Harrison vs. Mariana Morais agendada como la co-estelar del PFL 3". *mma.uno*. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
6. Petzel-Gligorea, Alexander. "PFL 2021 #03: Hatef Moeil trifft auf Ali isaev im Debüt". *gnp1.de*. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
7. "2021 PFL 3 weigh-in results: Fabricio Werdum official for PFL debut; Muhammed DeReese replaces Justin Willis". *MMA Junkie*. 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
8. Marrocco, Steven (2021-05-10). "New Jersey commission overturns Renan Ferreira's PFL 3 win over Fabricio Werdum". *MMA Fighting*. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
9. "2021 Official Rules" (PDF).
10. The four fighters with most points advance to the playoffs
11. The four fighters with most points advance to the playoffs

## InfoBox

| PFL 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| The poster for PFL 3 | |
| Promotion | Professional Fighters League |
| Date | May 6, 2021 (2021-May-06) |
| Venue | Ocean Casino Resort |
| City | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States |
| Estimated viewers | 324,000 |
| Event chronology | |
| PFL 2 PFL 3 PFL 4 | |