title: Pike Place Fish Market

abstract: Pike Place Fish Market is an open-air fish market at Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, United States, located at the corner of Pike Street and Pike Place. Founded in 1930, it is known for its tradition of fishmongers throwing the fish purchased by customers prior to wrapping it. The fish market was near to bankruptcy in 1986, but after the introduction of new practices such as the fish throwing, games, and customer performances, it received significant exposure in national media and on television shows. Pike Place Fish Market is today a world-famous tourist destination, attracting up to 10,000 daily visitors.

text:
# Pike Place Fish Market

47°36′33.93″N 122°20′30.12″W / 47.6094250°N 122.3417000°W / 47.6094250; -122.3417000

**Pike Place Fish Market** is an open-air fish market at Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, United States, located at the corner of Pike Street and Pike Place. Founded in 1930, it is known for its tradition of fishmongers throwing the fish purchased by customers prior to wrapping it. The fish market was near to bankruptcy in 1986, but after the introduction of new practices such as the fish throwing, games, and customer performances, it received significant exposure in national media and on television shows. Pike Place Fish Market is today a world-famous tourist destination, attracting up to 10,000 daily visitors.

## History

The Pike Place Fish Market was purchased in 1965 by John Yokoyama, a former employee of the fish market, who bought the store to make enough money on an owner's salary to afford the car payments on his new Buick Riviera. Initially, Pike Place Fish Market was unknown outside of the Seattle area, but Yokoyama and his staff decided to change that in a meeting with a business coach in 1986. Prior to the meeting, the Pike Place Fish Market was near to bankruptcy, and the consultant, Jim Bergquist, was helping them to conceive of ways to save the business. A fish market employee at the meeting suggested that they not only save the business, but make it "world famous", with the ideas for the business' flying and thrown fish, games with customers, and staff attitudes of always enjoying their work, so that customers would as well. In an interview, Yokoyama stated, "We took a stand that we were going to become world famous. We just said it and it became so."

The bronze piggy bank sculpture nicknamed "Rachel", a popular symbol of the market, was created by Whidbey Island sculptor Georgia Gerber in 1986. It raises approximately $10,000 per year in donations for housing and services in low income areas.

Four years later, in 1990, Ted Turner's Goodwill Games were held in Seattle. News crews at the Pike Place Market discovered the fish market and its performances with customers, and they filmed them. Soon afterwards, the fish market appeared on *Good Morning America*, leading to the business and its employees being filmed by various film crews, and being featured in numerous magazines.

Today, the fishmongers at Pike Place Fish Market perform in front of up to 10,000 visitors a day during the summer tourist season. Another popular feature of the Fish Market is the monkfish, which sometimes is made to "snap" at customers by use of a hidden line. The success of the business has been attributed to its human resources and employee attitudes. The Fish Market's employees are known to give motivational speeches at businesses, civic groups and schools, and have been featured in various motivational books.

In 1991, CNN named the Pike Place Fish Market as one of the three most fun places to work in America. It was bought by four of its former employees in 2018.

## Fish throwing

The Pike Place Fish Market is widely known for its custom of hurling customers' orders across the shopping area. A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish; the fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots will call out the order which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff, at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer's fish behind the counter to be wrapped. The repeated shouting of fish orders started out as a prank on one employee, but became a tradition as the display was enjoyed by customers. When at work, the fish market's staff continually yell to each other and chant in unison while throwing ordered fish. Occasionally they will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders, or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss. The market displays a sign in the general area which reads "Caution: Low Flying Fish".

In 1998, the Pike Place Fish Market was the subject of a documentary film and accompanying book, *FISH! Philosophy.* The Pike Place Fish Market has also been the setting for several best-selling corporate training videos, the aforementioned *FISH!*, and also *FISH!Sticks*, which have been used by firms such as Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Sprint Nextel, Southwest Airlines, Sainsbury's, Saturn, and Scottish and Southern Energy, for employee training. The Pike Place Fish Market has been featured in a variety of television shows and commercials. These include a Spike Lee Levis jeans commercial; MTV's *The Real World*; NBC's *Frasier*, and ABC's *Good Morning America*. In films, they have appeared in *Free Willy*. Reference to the Pike Place Fish Market is also made by American hip hop duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis in their 2015 single "Downtown" featuring Eric Nally, Melle Mel, Kool Moe Dee and Grandmaster Caz.

## Further reading

* *When Fish Fly: Lessons for Creating a Vital and Energized Workplace — From the Word Famous Pike Place Fish Market*, Yokoyama, John and Joseph Michelli. New York: Hyperion, 2004.
* "Catch: A Fishmonger's Guide to Greatness", Crother, Cyndi and the crew of Pike Place Fish. Berrett-Koehler Publishers (January 1, 2005)

## InfoBox

Pike Place Fish Market
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Seafood |
| Founded | 1930 |
| Headquarters | 86 Pike Place<br>Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Owners | Jaison Scott, Ryan Reese, Samuel Samson, Anders Miller |
| Website | http://pikeplacefish.com |


title: Pike Ride

abstract: Pike Ride is a combination of bus routes along Columbia Pike in Northern Virginia, United States. It consists of service operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metrobus) and Arlington Transit (ART), connecting the Pentagon and Pentagon City Washington Metro stations in Arlington County with Annandale in Fairfax County. The service started in 2003. Route timetables and other useful information were implemented in numerous bus stops along the corridor, printed in both English and Spanish. ART provides cell phone users with an 800 number that is listed at each bus stop to call and obtain bus schedule information.

text:
# Pike Ride

**Pike Ride** is a combination of bus routes along Columbia Pike in Northern Virginia, United States. It consists of service operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metrobus) and Arlington Transit (ART), connecting the Pentagon and Pentagon City Washington Metro stations in Arlington County with Annandale in Fairfax County.

The service started in 2003. Route timetables and other useful information were implemented in numerous bus stops along the corridor, printed in both English and Spanish. ART provides cell phone users with an 800 number that is listed at each bus stop to call and obtain bus schedule information.

## Routes

The following routes are branded as Pike Ride service:

| Route | Terminals | | Major streets | Operator | History | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16A |  |  | * Little River Turnpike * Columbia Pike | WMATA | See Columbia Pike Line for history. | * Daily Service * Limited stops in Arlington County |
| | 16C | * Culmore (Glen Carlyn & Vista Drives) |  | * Columbia Pike | See Columbia Pike Line for history. | * Daily Service * Limited stops in Arlington County |
| | 16E | * Culmore (Glen Carlyn & Vista Drives) |  |  | See Columbia Pike Line for history. | * Late night service daily * Early morning service weekends only |
| | 16M | * Skyline City (Seminary Rd & Magnolia La) |  | * Columbia Pike | See Columbia Pike–National Landing Line for history. | * Daily Service |
| | 16L |  |  |  |  | * Weekday peak hour service only (AM to Pentagon, PM to Annandale). |
| | 16Y | * Barcroft (Four Mile Run Dr & Columbia Pike) |  |  | See Columbia Pike–Farragut Square Line for history. |  |
| 41 | * Arlington Mill (Dinwiddie St & Columbia Pike) |  | * Columbia Pike | Arlington Transit |  | * Daily Service |
| | 74 | * Arlington Village (Walter Reed Dr & Columbia Pike) |  | * Columbia Pike |  | * Weekday peak hour service only (AM to Pentagon City, PM to Arlington Village) |
| | 75 |  |  | * Columbia Pike |  | * Weekday Service |

## History

Robert L. May of Barcroft began operating buses along Columbia Pike in 1921, running from downtown Washington over the 14th Street Bridge to Barcroft. Among other additions, he acquired the former Washington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon Railway at foreclosure in 1930 and replaced it with buses in 1932. May incorporated the Alexandria, Barcroft and Washington Transit Company in 1934. This company continued independent operation until February 4, 1973, when WMATA acquired it.

## Improvements

| Columbia Pike Premium Transit Network |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

Since 2003, some effort has been made to improve service along the corridor. In July 2016, the Arlington County Board approved a Transit Development Plan that includes enhanced bus service along Columbia Pike. There will be 23 enhanced bus stops, with BRT-like amenities like near-level boarding, real-time bus arrival information and off-vehicle fare collection. This proposal, called a **Premium Transit Network**, has since been delayed until 2019 due to Metro rebuilding efforts. The use of dedicated lanes for the corridor was studied by the country, but were deemed to be challenging and unlikely. The buses could have a distinctive appearance.

## InfoBox

Pike Ride
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Pike Ride-branded WMATA route 16H bus in 2018 | |
| Founded | September 7, 2003 (2003-09-07) |
| Locale | Arlington County, Virginia
Annandale, Virginia |
| Service area | Columbia Pike |
| Routes | 10 |
| Stations | Pentagon Station, Pentagon City Station |
| Daily ridership | 17,000 (January 2018 estimate) |
| Operator | Metrobus
ART |


title: Pilia gens

abstract: The gens Pilia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. None of the Pilii attained any of the higher magistracies of the Roman state, and members of this gens are known primarily through the writings of Cicero, who was acquainted with a family of this name; but many others are known from inscriptions.

text:
# Pilia gens

The **gens Pilia** was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. None of the Pilii attained any of the higher magistracies of the Roman state, and members of this gens are known primarily through the writings of Cicero, who was acquainted with a family of this name; but many others are known from inscriptions.

## Origin

Chase classifies the nomen *Pilius* among the non-Latin gentilicia originating from various parts of Italy, although he was unable to be more specific.

## Praenomina

The main praenomina used by the Pilii were *Marcus*, *Publius*, *Quintus*, and *Gaius*, four of the most common names throughout Roman history. *Lucius*, *Aulus*, and *Manius* are found in filiations.

## Members

*This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.* * Marcus Pilius, possibly the father-in-law of Atticus, sold an estate to Gaius Albanius, *circa* 45 BC.
* Pilia (M. f.), the wife of Cicero's close friend, Titus Pomponius Atticus, whom she married in 56 BC.
* Quintus Pilius (M. f.) Celer, probably the brother-in-law of Atticus, served under Caesar during the Gallic Wars. In 51 BC, he accused Marcus Servilius of *repetundae*, maladministration or extortion in the governance of his province. Cicero asked Atticus to send him a copy of Celer's speech.
* Publius Pilius P. l. Anops, a freedman buried at Luceria in Apulia, together with Pilia Apicula and her son, Publius Pilius Felix, in a tomb dating to the early first century AD.
* Pilia Ɔ. l. Apicula, a freedwoman, was buried at Luceria, with her son, Publius Pilius Felix, and Publius Pilius Anops.
* Publius Pilius P. l. Felix, a freedman, was buried at Luceria with his mother, Pila Apicula, and Publius Pilius Anops.
* Pilia P. l. Selenis, buried at Luceria during the early first century AD.
* Marcus Pilius S. f. Priscus, named in a dedicatory inscription from Trebula Mutusca in Samnium, dating to AD 60.
* Pilia Psaechas, the widow of Lucius Mummius Restitutus, who was buried at Albintimilium in Liguria during the second century AD. They were married for forty years.

### Undated Pilii

* Pilia A. f., buried at Tarquinii in Etruria, aged sixty-five.
* Pilia L. f., buried at Amiternum in Samnium.
* Marcus Pilius, mentioned in an inscription from Pompeii.
* Pilia M. l. Andromaca, a freedwoman buried at Narbo in Gallia Narbonensis.
* Marcus Pilius M. l. Antiochus, a freedman named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Pilia C. l. Callistenis, a freedwoman named in an inscription from Rome.
* Pilia C. l Cleopatra, named in an inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Pilius Dius, mentioned in an inscription from Rome.
* Pilia C. l. Chreste, named in an inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Pilius P. l. Chrestus, a freedman named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Pilius M. l. Diophantus, a freedman named in an inscription from Narbo.
* Marcus Pilius Eros, named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Pilius Eucarpus, a freedman who dedicated a monument at Rome to his wife, Pilia Philtatae.
* Pilia Euterpe, buried at Ostia, aged eighteen years, five months, and twenty-two days.
* Pilia M. l. Flora, a freedwoman named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Pilia Ɔ. l. Hilara, a freedwoman buried at Teanum Apulum in Apulia.
* Marcus Pilius M. l. Hilarus, a freedman named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Pilia Philtatae, buried at Rome, with a monument dedicated by her husband, Marcus Pilius Eucarpus.
* Pilia M. l. Prima, a freedwoman named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Pilia Primitiva, buried at Ostia.
* Pilia L. f. Quarta, wife of Marcus Calpetanus, buried at Rome.
* Pilia M'. l. Quarta, a freedwoman, and the wife of Musaeus, was buried at Rome, aged twenty-three.
* Gaius Pilius C. f. Rufus, a quattuorvir buried at Tarquinii, aged fifty-seven.
* Pilia Simne, wife of Aemilius Secundus, named in a funerary inscription from Rome.
* Gaius Pilius C. l. Surus, a freedman named in an inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Pilius M. l. Timoplastes, named in an inscription from Rome.
* Quintus Pilius Ɔ. l. Tyrrsus, a freedman named in an inscription from Rome.

## Bibliography


title: John Eyre (Archdeacon of Sheffield)

abstract: John Rashdall Eyre was an Anglican priest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was born 21 June 1845, and educated at Clare College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1873, he was a minor canon at Chester Cathedral, Rural Dean of Toxteth, Vicar of St Helens, Merseyside and Rector of Tiverton before being appointed Archdeacon of Sheffield in 1895, a post he held until his death on 12 June 1912. Three years later his son, Charles, was killed in action during the First World War.

text:
# John Eyre (Archdeacon of Sheffield)

**John Rashdall Eyre** was an Anglican priest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

He was born 21 June 1845, and educated at Clare College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1873, he was a minor canon at Chester Cathedral, Rural Dean of Toxteth, Vicar of St Helens, Merseyside and Rector of Tiverton before being appointed Archdeacon of Sheffield in 1895, a post he held until his death on 12 June 1912. Three years later his son, Charles, was killed in action during the First World War.


title: John Eyre (cricketer, born 1944)

abstract: John Richard Eyre is a former English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire from 1963 to 1967. Eyre was born in Glossop. He started playing for Derbyshire juniors in 1959 and was in the Derbyshire Second XI by 1961. His first-class cricketing career began in 1963, but in three innings in two matches in mid season he made only three runs, and when he reappeared in a single match at the end of the season he did not bat at all. He played just one match in the 1964 season, but was a fairly regular first-team choice in the 1965 season and the 1966 season. However his batting average was less than 16 runs per innings and he passed fifty only once in each season. In 1967, he made the only century of his county career in the match against Lancashire at Old Trafford, but a month later he was out of the team, and he did not regain his place. He continued in the Second XI until 1968 when he also turned out in the Gillette Cup. Eyre was a right-handed batsman and played 84 innings in 48 matches with an average of 14.92 and a top score of 106. He also played two innings in two one day matches and made a top score of 38. He was an occasional right-arm medium-pace bowler and took one first-class wicket at the cost of 248 runs. Eyre's son, Damian Eyre, played Second XI cricket for Derbyshire between 1983 and 1990 and later played List A cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board.

text:
# John Eyre (cricketer, born 1944)

**John Richard Eyre** (born 13 June 1944) is a former English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire from 1963 to 1967.

Eyre was born in Glossop. He started playing for Derbyshire juniors in 1959 and was in the Derbyshire Second XI by 1961. His first-class cricketing career began in 1963, but in three innings in two matches in mid season he made only three runs, and when he reappeared in a single match at the end of the season he did not bat at all. He played just one match in the 1964 season, but was a fairly regular first-team choice in the 1965 season and the 1966 season. However his batting average was less than 16 runs per innings and he passed fifty only once in each season.

In 1967, he made the only century of his county career in the match against Lancashire at Old Trafford, but a month later he was out of the team, and he did not regain his place. He continued in the Second XI until 1968 when he also turned out in the Gillette Cup.

Eyre was a right-handed batsman and played 84 innings in 48 matches with an average of 14.92 and a top score of 106. He also played two innings in two one day matches and made a top score of 38. He was an occasional right-arm medium-pace bowler and took one first-class wicket at the cost of 248 runs.

Eyre's son, Damian Eyre, played Second XI cricket for Derbyshire between 1983 and 1990 and later played List A cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board.

## InfoBox

John Eyre
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | John Richard Eyre |
| Born | (1944-06-13) 13 June 1944<br>Glossop, Derbyshire, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Relations | Damian Eyre |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1963–1967 | Derbyshire |
|  | |
| FC debut | 22 June 1963 Derbyshire v Leicestershire |
| Last FC | 8 July 1967 Derbyshire v Yorkshire |
| LA debut | 21 May 1966 Derbyshire v Essex |
| Last LA | 25 May 1968 Derbyshire v Sussex |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 48 2  Runs scored 1,194 56  Batting average 14.92 28.00  100s/50s 1/2 0/0  Top score 106 38  Balls bowled 387 48  Wickets 1 0  Bowling average 248.00   5 wickets in innings 0   10 wickets in match 0   Best bowling 1/8   Catches/stumpings 17/– 0/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, December 2011 | |


title: John Eyre (died 1581)

abstract: John Eyre was an English politician. He was the eldest son of John Eyre of Wedhampton and Chirton, Wiltshire, who he succeeded in 1554. He was a Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire by 1559 and was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1565–66. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Wiltshire in 1563 and Salisbury in 1571. He married twice: firstly Anne, the daughter of Thomas Tropenell of Great Chalfield, and coheiress of her brother Giles, with whom he had a son and six daughters; and secondly Elizabeth, the daughter of Richard Dauntsey of Potterne. He acquired Great Chalfield manor via his first wife. He was succeeded by his son Sir William, later an MP for Wiltshire.

text:
# John Eyre (died 1581)

**John Eyre** (died 22 September 1581) was an English politician.

He was the eldest son of John Eyre of Wedhampton and Chirton, Wiltshire, who he succeeded in 1554.

He was a Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire by 1559 and was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1565–66. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Wiltshire in 1563 and Salisbury in 1571.

He married twice: firstly Anne, the daughter of Thomas Tropenell of Great Chalfield, and coheiress of her brother Giles, with whom he had a son and six daughters; and secondly Elizabeth, the daughter of Richard Dauntsey of Potterne. He acquired Great Chalfield manor via his first wife. He was succeeded by his son Sir William, later an MP for Wiltshire.

* "EYRE, John (d.1581), of Wedhampton, Northcombe and Great Chalfield, Wilts". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 17 May 2013.


title: John Bisby

abstract: John Charles Bisby was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half.

text:
# John Bisby

**John Charles Bisby** (4 December 1876 – 1945) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half.

## InfoBox

John Bisby
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | John Charles Bisby | | |
| Date of birth | (1876-12-04)4 December 1876 | | |
| Place of birth | Rawmarsh, England | | |
| Date of death | 1945 (aged 6869) | | |
| Position(s) | Wing half | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1903–1904 | Kilnhurst Town |  |  |
| 1904–1905 | Highthorne |  |  |
| 1905–1906 | Sheffield United | 1 | (0) |
| 1906–1908 | Grimsby Town | 7 | (1) |
| 1908–19?? | Denaby United |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Mesorhizobium loti

abstract: Mesorhizobium loti, formerly known as Rhizobium loti, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species. Its name is a reference to Lotus corniculatus, a flowering plant from which it was originally isolated.

text:
# Mesorhizobium loti

***Mesorhizobium loti***, formerly known as *Rhizobium loti*, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species. Its name is a reference to *Lotus corniculatus*, a flowering plant from which it was originally isolated.

## Genetics

The complete genome sequence of a strain of *M. loti* was determined in 2000.

Unusually, *M. loti* has two Ku genes (*mlr9624* and *mlr9623*) instead of the usual one in each bacterial species. (Ku is involved in NHEJ repair.)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Mesorhizobium loti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales |
| Family: | Phyllobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Mesorhizobium* |
| Species: | ***M. loti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mesorhizobium loti***<br>(Jarvis *et al*. 1982) Jarvis *et al*. 1997 | |
|


title: Fernsehturm

abstract:
Fernsehturm is the German word for television tower. A number of German cities have television towers and each will usually be referred to simply as "Fernsehturm" by the inhabitants of the city. The correct term for the tower as a Building although would be "Fernmeldeturm" which depicts the original purpose of most of these towers; relaying any type of communication, not only television. It may refer to any of the following structures:
  - Fernsehturm Berlin
  - Fernsehturm Schwerin-Zippendorf
  - Fernsehturm Dresden-Wachwitz
  - Fernsehturm Stuttgart
  - Fernmeldeturm Mannheim
  - Florianturm (Dortmund)
  - Fernmeldeturm Münster
  - Fernsehturm Heidelberg
  - Heinrich Hertz Tower (Hamburg)

text:
# Fernsehturm

**Fernsehturm** is the German word for television tower. A number of German cities have television towers and each will usually be referred to simply as "Fernsehturm" by the inhabitants of the city. The correct term for the tower as a Building although would be "Fernmeldeturm" which depicts the original purpose of most of these towers; relaying any type of communication, not only television.

It may refer to any of the following structures:


title: Vohitsaoka

abstract: Vohitsaoka is a rural commune in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambalavao, which is a part of Haute Matsiatra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available. The majority 85% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize, cassava and bambara groundnut. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

text:
# Vohitsaoka

**Vohitsaoka** is a rural commune in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambalavao, which is a part of Haute Matsiatra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 85% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize, cassava and bambara groundnut. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

## Protected Area

The eastern part of the commune is included in the Andringitra National Park.

22°2′S 46°43′E / 22.033°S 46.717°E / -22.033; 46.717

## InfoBox

| Vohitsaoka | |
| --- | --- |
| Vohitsaoka, town hall | |
| VohitsaokaLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 22°2′S 46°43′E / 22.033°S 46.717°E / -22.033; 46.717 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Haute Matsiatra |
| District | Ambalavao |
| Elevation | 860 m (2,820 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 10,000 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |


title: Mozhaiyur

abstract: Mozhaiyur is a village in Mayiladuthurai taluk in the Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu state, India. The nearest railway station is at Mayiladuthurai.

text:
# Mozhaiyur

**Mozhaiyur** (also Mozaiyur, Mozhayur) is a village in Mayiladuthurai *taluk* in the Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu state, India.

The nearest railway station is at Mayiladuthurai.

## InfoBox

| Mozhaiyur | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Mayiladuthurai |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | TN- |


abstract: The Macedonia national junior handball team is the national under–20 Handball team of Macedonia, representing Macedonia in international matches.

text:
# North Macedonia men's national junior handball team

The **Macedonia national junior handball team** is the national under–20 Handball team of Macedonia, representing Macedonia in international matches.

## Current squad

The following squad was selected for the 2017 Men's Junior World Handball Championship .

Head coach: Ilija Temelkovski

Assistant coach: Ice Sokoleski

| No. Pos. Name Date of birth (age) Height App. Goals Club  4 P Milan Lazarevski  (1997-02-09) 9 February 1997 1.97 m    RK Metalurg II  6 LW Dimitar Dimitrioski  (1998-02-16) 16 February 1998 1.82 m    RK Metalurg II  7 RW Tomislav Jagurinovski  (1998-08-19) 19 August 1998 1.87 m    RK Eurofarm Rabotnik  8 LB Marko Neloski  (1996-06-06) 6 June 1996 2.00 m    RK Metalurg  11 LB Mario Tankoski  (1998-08-28) 28 August 1998 1.92 m    RK Metalurg II  12 GK Martin Tomovski  (1997-07-10) 10 July 1997 1.90 m    RK Metalurg  13 RB Martin Velkovski  (1997-03-10) 10 March 1997 1.91 m    RK Metalurg  15 RW Mice Shilegov  (1998-06-19) 19 June 1998 1.76 m    RK Metalurg II  16 CB Dario Petrovski  (1998-01-16) 16 January 1998 1.89 m    RK Eurofarm Rabotnik  17 LB Filip Taleski (c)  (1996-03-28) 28 March 1996 2.01 m    Rhein-Neckar Löwen  20 GK Nikola Danilovski  (1997-02-01) 1 February 1997 1.84 m    RK Pelister  27 CB Filip Kuzmanovski  (1996-07-03) 3 July 1996 1.98 m    RK Metalurg  29 CB Goran Krstevski  (1996-03-29) 29 March 1996 1.96 m    RK Eurofarm Rabotnik  34 CB Ivan Djonov  (1997-07-15) 15 July 1997 1.95 m    RK Tineks Prolet  71 LW Davor Palevski  (1997-02-26) 26 February 1997 1.80 m    RK Metalurg  99 P Filip Arsenovski  (1998-07-30) 30 July 1998 1.90 m    RK Metalurg |
| --- |

## InfoBox

| Macedonia | |
| --- | --- |
| Information | |
| Nickname | Црвено-жолти (The Red-Yellows) |
| Association | Macedonian Handball Federation |
| Coach | Ilija Temelkovski |
| Colours | |
|  | |
| Results | |
| IHF U-21 World Championship | |
| Appearances | 4 (*First in 1997*) |
| Best result | 6th place (2017) |
| European Junior Championship | |
| Appearances | 5 (*First in 2000*) |
| Best result | 4th place (2002) |
|  | |
| Last updated on Unknown. | |


title: Mordellistena swierstrai

abstract: Mordellistena swierstrai is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Franciscolo in 1967.

text:
# Mordellistena swierstrai

***Mordellistena swierstrai*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Franciscolo in 1967.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena swierstrai* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. swierstrai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena swierstrai***<br>Franciscolo, 1967 | |
|


title: Turów, Lubin County

abstract: Turów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ścinawa, within Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ścinawa, 13 km (8 mi) east of Lubin, and 56 km (35 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word tur, which means "aurochs".

text:
# Turów, Lubin County

**Turów** \[ˈturuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ścinawa, within Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ścinawa, 13 km (8 mi) east of Lubin, and 56 km (35 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word *tur*, which means "aurochs".

## InfoBox

| Turów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Turów | |
| Coordinates: 51°24′45″N 16°22′49″E / 51.41250°N 16.38028°E / 51.41250; 16.38028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Lubin |
| Gmina | Ścinawa |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | DLU |
| National roads |  |


title: Rajko Kapelan

abstract: Rajko Kapelan is a Serbian politician. He was elected to the National Assembly of Serbia in the 2020 parliamentary election as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

text:
# Rajko Kapelan

**Rajko Kapelan** (Serbian Cyrillic: Рајко Капелан; born 9 October 1992) is a Serbian politician. He was elected to the National Assembly of Serbia in the 2020 parliamentary election as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

## Early life and private career

Kapelan was born in the village of Klek, near Zrenjanin, Vojvodina, in the Republic of Serbia, in what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He still resides in the community and is a professional economist.

## Politician

### Municipal politics

Kapelan received the twenty-sixth position on the Progressive Party's electoral list for the Zrenjanin city assembly in the 2016 Serbian local elections and was elected when the list won a majority victory with thirty-five out of sixty-seven mandates. Kapelan served for the next four years as a supporter of the local government; he was also a member of the Progressive Party's Academy of Young Leaders program during this time. He did not seek re-election in 2020.

### Parliamentarian

Kapelan was given the sixteenth position on the Progressive Party's *Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children* list for the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election. This was tantamount to election, and he was indeed elected when the list won a landslide majority with 188 out of 250 mandates. He is a member of the assembly committee on Kosovo–Metohija, a deputy member of the committee on the diaspora and Serbs in the region, a deputy member of the European Union–Serbia stabilization and association committee, the head of Serbia's parliamentary friendship group with India, and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups with Argentina, Australia, Austria, the Bahamas, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, France, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Mozambique, Nauru, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Qatar, the Republic of Congo, Romania, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, the Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Switzerland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Uruguay, and Uzbekistan.

1. RAJKO KAPELAN, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 5 December 2020.
2. "Ko je sve na listi SNS za republičke poslanike?", *Danas*, 6 March 2020, accessed 30 June 2020.
3. *Službeni List*, City of Zrenjanin, Volume 25 Number 10 (11 April 2016), p. 1.
4. *Službeni List*, City of Zrenjanin, Volume 25 Number 14 (25 April 2016), p. 1.
5. "RAJKO KAPELAN, ODBORNIK SNS-A, O POLITIČKOJ KARIJERI I PLANOVIMA", *List Zrenjanin*, 19 March 2020, accessed 1 July 2020.
6. "Vučić: Pred nama su važne godine", Radio Television of Serbia, 27 October 2019, accessed 1 July 2020.
7. "Ko je sve na listi SNS za republičke poslanike?", *Danas*, 6 March 2020, accessed 30 June 2020.
8. RAJKO KAPELAN, National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, accessed 26 December 2020.


abstract: Multiple-pass or long path absorption cells are commonly used in spectroscopy to measure low-concentration components or to observe weak spectra in gases or liquids. Several important advances were made in this area beginning in the 1930s, and research into a wide range of applications continues to the present day.

text:
# Multipass spectroscopic absorption cells

**Multiple-pass or long path absorption cells** are commonly used in spectroscopy to measure low-concentration components or to observe weak spectra in gases or liquids. Several important advances were made in this area beginning in the 1930s, and research into a wide range of applications continues to the present day.

## Functional Overview

Generally the goal of this type of sample cell is to improve detection sensitivity by increasing the total optical path length that travels through a small, constant sample volume. In principle, a longer path length results in greater detection sensitivity. Focusing mirrors must be used to redirect the beam at each reflection point, resulting in the beam being restricted to a predefined space along a controlled path until it exits the optical cavity. The output of the cell is the input of an optical detector (a specialized type of transducer), which senses specific changes in the properties of the beam that occur during interaction with the test sample. For instance, the sample may absorb energy from the beam, resulting in an attenuation of the output that is detectable by the transducer. Two conventional multipass cells are called the White cell and Herriott cell.

## Pfund Cell

In the late 1930s August Pfund used a triple-pass cell like the one shown above for atmospheric study. The cell, which became known as the Pfund cell, is constructed using two identical spherical mirrors, each having a hole carefully machined into its center. The separation distance between the mirrors is equal to the mirror focal length. A source enters from a hole in either mirror, is redirected twice at two reflection points, and then exits the cell through the other mirror on the third pass. The Pfund cell was one of the earliest examples of this type of spectroscopic technique and is noted for having used multiple passes.

## White cell

The White cell was first described in 1942 by John U. White in his paper *Long Optical Paths of Large Aperture*, and was a significant improvement over previous long path spectroscopic measurement techniques. A White cell is constructed using three spherical, **concave mirrors** having the same radius of curvature. The mirrors are separated by a distance equal to their radii of curvature. The animation on the right shows a White Cell in which a beam makes eight reflective passes or traversals. The number of traversals can be changed quite easily by making slight rotational adjustments to either M2 or M3; however, the total number of traversals must always occur in multiples of four. The entering and exiting beams do not change position as traversals are added or removed, while the total number of traversals can be increased many times without changing the volume of the cell, and therefore the total optical path length can be made large compared to the volume of the sample under test. The spots from various passes can overlap on mirrors M2 and M3 but must be distinct on mirror M1. If the input beam is focused in the plane of M1, then each round trip will also be focused in this plane. The tighter the focus, the more nonoverlapping spots there can be on M1 and thus the higher the maximum pathlength.

At present the White cell is still the most commonly used multipass cell and provides many advantages. For example,

* The number of traversals is easily controlled
* It allows for high numerical aperture
* It is reasonably stable (but not as stable as the Herriott cell)

White cells are available with path lengths ranging from less than a meter to many hundreds of meters.

## Herriott cell

The Herriott cell first appeared in 1965 when Donald R. Herriott and Harry J. Schulte published *Folded Optical Delay Lines* while at Bell Laboratories. The Herriott cell is made up of two opposing spherical mirrors. A hole is machined into one of the mirrors to allow the input and output beams to enter and exit the cavity. Alternatively, the beam may exit through a hole in the opposite mirror. In this fashion the Herriott cell can support multiple light sources by providing multiple entrance and exit holes in either of the mirrors. Unlike the White cell, the number of traversals is controlled by adjusting the separation distance D between the two mirrors. This cell is also commonly used and has some advantages over the White cell:

* It is simpler than the White cell with only two mirrors that are easier to position and less susceptible to mechanical disturbance of the cell
* Can be more stable than the White cell

However, the Herriot cell does not accept high numerical aperture beams. In addition, larger sized mirrors must be used when longer path lengths are needed.

## Circular Multipass Cells

Another category of multipass cells is generally referred to as circular multipass reflection cells. They were first introduced by Thoma and co-workers in 1994. Such cells rely on a circular arrangement of mirrors. The beam enters the cell under an angle and propagates on a star-shaped pattern (see picture on the right). The path length in circular multipass cells can be varied by adjusting the incidence angle of the beam. An advantage lies in their robustness towards mechanical stress such as vibrations or temperature changes. Furthermore, circular multipass cells stand out because of the small detection volumes they provide. A stable beam propagation is achieved by shaping individual reflection points to form a non-concentric mirror-arrangement.

In a special case, a circular mirror is used, allowing continuous adjustment of the angle of incidence. A drawback of this circular cell configuration is the inherent concentric mirror arrangement which leads to imperfect imaging after a large number of reflections.


title: Vilići

abstract: Vilići is a village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

text:
# Vilići

**Vilići** (Serbian Cyrillic: Вилићи) is a village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 56 people.

According to the 2011 census, its population was 54.

Ethnicity in 2011
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serbs | 20 | 37.0% |
| Bosniaks | 10 | 18.5% |
| other/undeclared | 24 | 44.4% |
| **Total** | **54** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Vilići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| VilićiLocation within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates: 43°15′12″N 19°22′13″E / 43.2533°N 19.3703°E / 43.2533; 19.3703 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Municipality | Pljevlja |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 54 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Mesorhizobium opportunistum

abstract: Mesorhizobium opportunistum is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Biserrula pelecinus in Australia.

text:
# Mesorhizobium opportunistum

***Mesorhizobium opportunistum*** is a bacterium from the genus *Mesorhizobium* which was isolated from *Biserrula pelecinus* in Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Mesorhizobium opportunistum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales |
| Family: | Phyllobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Mesorhizobium* |
| Species: | ***M. opportunistum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mesorhizobium opportunistum***<br>Nandasena *et al*. 2009 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| HAMBI 3007, LMG 24607, Nandasena N45, Willems R-34167, WSM2075 | |


title: Ferncroft, New Hampshire

abstract: Ferncroft is an unincorporated community lying mostly in the town of Albany in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. Some of the roads and houses in Ferncroft stretch into the towns of Sandwich and Waterville Valley. The hamlet is a widely spaced cluster of houses centered on several fields lying along the Wonalancet River on Ferncroft Road. Ferncroft has about 50 seasonal residents and a few full-time residents residing in 11 houses and multiple barns and outbuildings. Ferncroft was named for the Ferncroft Family Inn which once stood in the area. The area became known as Ferncroft to differentiate it from nearby Wonalancet.

text:
# Ferncroft, New Hampshire

**Ferncroft** is an unincorporated community lying mostly in the town of Albany in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. Some of the roads and houses in Ferncroft stretch into the towns of Sandwich and Waterville Valley. The hamlet is a widely spaced cluster of houses centered on several fields lying along the Wonalancet River on Ferncroft Road.

Ferncroft has about 50 seasonal residents and a few full-time residents residing in 11 houses and multiple barns and outbuildings.

Ferncroft was named for the Ferncroft Family Inn which once stood in the area. The area became known as Ferncroft to differentiate it from nearby Wonalancet.

## Location

Ferncroft lies 7 miles (11 km) northeast of North Sandwich and 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Tamworth, off New Hampshire Route 113A. Ferncroft is located in a glen, dale, or dell, known as Birch Intervale. It lies south of a cirque known as "The Bowl". Mountains surround the hamlet on three sides, and Ferncroft Road is the only way in or out, aside from hiking trails. This makes the village rather inaccessible. In fact, the closest town center by road is Tamworth, seven miles away. The center of Albany, Ferncroft's main parent town, is 18.5 miles (29.8 km) away. Some of the houses in Ferncroft lie within the Waterville Valley town limits; however, the center of Waterville Valley is 47 miles (76 km) and 1.5 hours away by car.

## Recreation

Ferncroft is a popular hiking center in summer, with several major trails beginning from a parking lot on the east side of Ferncroft Road. The trails travel into the Sandwich Range Wilderness and are maintained by the Wonalancet Out-Door Club and United States Forest Service. Mount Whiteface, Mount Passaconaway, Mount Wonalancet and Mount Paugus are just a few of the peaks easily accessible from Ferncroft.

In winter many shorter trails in the area are maintained and groomed by the Tamworth Outing Club for Nordic skiing. Every February a 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) classic style Nordic ski race is held in Ferncroft on these trails, called the Wonalancet Wander.

## Confusion with Wonalancet

Ferncroft can often be confused with the neighboring village of Wonalancet in the town of Tamworth. During the time when the Ferncroft Inn was operating, Ferncroft was considered a part of Wonalancet village. The general distinction today is that the area within Tamworth is known as Wonalancet, while the area in the remaining three towns of Albany, Sandwich and Waterville Valley is known as Ferncroft. The Wonalancet Chapel and post office are located at the beginning of Ferncroft Road.

## Hiking trails in the Ferncroft area

* Blueberry Ledge Trail – Mt. Whiteface
* Rollins Trail – Mt. Whiteface & Mt. Passaconaway
* Tom Wiggin Trail – Mt. Whiteface
* Dicey Mill Trail – Mt Passaconaway
* Wonalancet Range Trail – Mt. Wonalancet & Mt Passaconaway
* McCrillis Path – Whiteface Intervale Rd.
* Mt. Katherine Trail – Mt. Katherine
* Gordon Path
* Kelly Trail – Carrigain Col (between Mt. Passaconaway and Mt. Paugus)
* Old Mast Rd. Trail – Carrigain Col
* Walden Trail – Mt. Passaconaway & Mt. Paugus

Many other trails begin in nearby Whiteface village, Wonalancet and Fowler's Mill, leading to other peaks such as Mount Chocorua, Sandwich Dome and Mount Tripyramid.

## InfoBox

| Ferncroft, New Hampshire | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Mount Whiteface (L) and Mount Wonalancet rising over Ferncroft (April 2024) | |
| FerncroftFerncroft | |
| Coordinates: 43°54′44″N 71°21′35″W / 43.91222°N 71.35972°W / 43.91222; -71.35972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Hampshire |
| County | Carroll |
| Towns | Albany, Sandwich |
| Elevation | 1,148 ft (350 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 603 |
| GNIS feature ID | 871878 |


title: Großer Rettenstein

abstract:
The Großer Rettenstein is a mountain with multiple peaks in the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria. The main summit reaches a height of 2,362 m (AA)
Although not the highest mountain in the Kitzbühel Alps, the Großer Rettenstein is the most striking in this range of otherwise gentle grass-covered mountains. It also has a mighty, craggy, summit block made of limestone, four hundred metres high, that stands atop base of grauwacke and primary rock. The Rettenstein is the dominating peak of the Spertental valley. Its isolated location also makes the summit an outstanding viewing point and it is therefore a popular destination. To the north the Rettenstein sends a long ridge out to the Spiessnägel, that separates the oberer Grund and unterer Grund.

text:
# Großer Rettenstein

The **Großer Rettenstein** is a mountain with multiple peaks in the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria. The main summit reaches a height of 2,362 m (AA) Although not the highest mountain in the Kitzbühel Alps (that honour goes to the Kreuzjoch at 2,558 m above sea level (AA)), the Großer Rettenstein is the most striking in this range of otherwise gentle grass-covered mountains. It also has a mighty, craggy, summit block made of limestone, four hundred metres high, that stands atop base of grauwacke and primary rock (*Urgestein* \- quartz phyllite). The Rettenstein is the dominating peak of the Spertental valley. Its isolated location also makes the summit an outstanding viewing point and it is therefore a popular destination. To the north the Rettenstein sends a long ridge out to the Spiessnägel, that separates the *oberer Grund* and *unterer Grund*.

## Nature

The Rettenstein lies in the Spertental-Rettenstein protected landscape and so Pine, Spruce, Gentian, Willow Gentian, Platenigl, Edelweiss, Monkshood, Rock Ptarmigan, Black Grouse and Capercaillie, Red Deer, Chamois, Ibex and Marmot all occur here.

## Tour options

The simplest ascent starts from Aschau in the Sperten valley and crosses the *unterer Grund* and the *Schöntalalm* in 3 to 4 hours. Sure-footedness is required for this route. As a variation on the descent, fit hikers can take the long ridgeway over the Spiessnägel.

Another approach option is possible from the Mühlbach valley (Bramberg municipality) in the upper Pinzgau to the south. Here the way runs initially along a drivable forest track (close to the public) through the *Baumgartenalm* almost as far as the *Stangenjoch*.

## InfoBox

| Großer Rettenstein | |
| --- | --- |
| Großer Rettenstein mit Blick aus Neukirchen | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,362 m (AA) (7,749 ft) |
| Coordinates | 47°19′00″N 12°17′00″E / 47.316667°N 12.283333°E / 47.316667; 12.283333 |
| Geography | |
| Großer RettensteinTyrol / Salzburg border, Austria | |
| Parent range | Kitzbühel Alps |


title: Großer Solstein

abstract: The Große Solstein is a mountain, 2,541 m (AA) high, on the western corner of the Nordkette range in the Karwendel mountains near Zirl in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Its summit may be ascended on various mountain tour routes either from the Solsteinhaus or from the New Magdeburg Hut. These routes are described as not difficult but require stamina. The crossing to the higher peak of the Kleiner Solstein (2,637 m ), despite its name the highest in the Nordkette, is described in that article.

text:
# Großer Solstein

The **Große Solstein** is a mountain, 2,541 m (AA) high, on the western corner of the Nordkette range in the Karwendel mountains near Zirl in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Its summit may be ascended on various mountain tour routes either from the Solsteinhaus or from the New Magdeburg Hut. These routes are described as not difficult but require stamina. The crossing to the higher peak of the Kleiner Solstein (2,637 m (AA)), despite its name the highest in the Nordkette, is described in that article.

## Literature

* Klier, Walter (1996), *Alpine Club Guide Karwendelgebirge* alpin (in German) (14 ed.), Munich: Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, ISBN 3763311211

## InfoBox

| Großer Solstein | |
| --- | --- |
| The Großer Solstein (to its left the Kleiner Solstein) seen from the Kuhljochspitze | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,541 m (AA) (8,337 ft) |
| Coordinates | 47°18′10″N 11°18′28″E / 47.30278°N 11.30778°E / 47.30278; 11.30778 |
| Geography | |
| Großer SolsteinTyrol, Austria | |
| Parent range | Nordkette, Karwendel |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Triassic (Ladinian to Lower Carnian) |
| Type of rock | Wetterstein limestone |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | in 1846 by Carl von Sonklar |
| Normal route | mountain tour, good stamina necessary |


title: Voice Fantasia

abstract: Voice Fantasia S: Ushinawareta Voice Power is a role-playing video game (RPG) developed by Pre-Stage and Japan Media Programming and published by ASK Kodansha on July 25, 1997 for Sega Saturn. A port for the PlayStation, simply titled Voice Fantasia: Ushinawareta Voice Power, was published on October 2, 1997. The game features three cute girls as main characters solving a quest. The graphics of the game were dated already by 1997 and so it heavily stressed on voice acting. There was a lot of spoken parts albeit not all the actors were famous by the time the game was made. Yui Horie also started her career as a voice actress in this game.

text:
# Voice Fantasia

***Voice Fantasia S: Ushinawareta Voice Power*** (ボイスファンタジアS 失われたボイスパワー) is a role-playing video game (RPG) developed by Pre-Stage and Japan Media Programming and published by ASK Kodansha on July 25, 1997 for Sega Saturn. A port for the PlayStation, simply titled ***Voice Fantasia: Ushinawareta Voice Power*** (ボイスファンタジア 失われたボイスパワー), was published on October 2, 1997.

The game features three cute girls as main characters solving a quest. The graphics of the game were dated already by 1997 and so it heavily stressed on voice acting. There was a lot of spoken parts albeit not all the actors were famous by the time the game was made.

Yui Horie also started her career as a voice actress in this game.

## InfoBox

| Voice Fantasia S: Ushinawareta Voice Power | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Pre-Stage<br>Japan Media Programming |
| Publisher(s) | ASK Kodansha |
| Platform(s) | Sega Saturn, PlayStation |
| Release | **Sega Saturn*** JP: July 25, 1997 **PlayStation*** JP: October 2, 1997 |
| Genre(s) | Role-playing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Muzizi Hydroelectric Power Station

abstract: The Muzizi Power Station is a proposed 45 megawatts (60,000 hp) hydroelectric power project in Uganda. The project, which has been planned for several years, has received a funding commitment from KfW and the French Development Agency.

text:
# Muzizi Hydroelectric Power Station

The **Muzizi Power Station** is a proposed 45 megawatts (60,000 hp) hydroelectric power project in Uganda. The project, which has been planned for several years, has received a funding commitment from KfW and the French Development Agency.

## Location

The power station is located across the River Muzizi, which forms the border between the Kagadi District and the Ntoroko District, close to the south-eastern shores of Lake Albert, in the Western Region. This location is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), by road, south-west of the town of Ndaiga in Hoima District. The station is approximately 292 kilometres (181 mi), by road, north-northwest of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda.

## Overview

As early as 1999, the site of the power station was identified by the government of Uganda as a potential mini-hydropower site. At first, a 10 megawatt project was anticipated. Later, the planned capacity of the project was increased to 26 megawatts. In December 2010, bids for an environmental impact study, power station design, and cost estimation were solicited in the Ugandan media. More recently, the projected capacity has been increased to 44.7 megawatts.

## History

Initially, construction was expected to start in 2015, with commissioning planned for 2018. Later, the projected start date was moved to 2017, with commissioning planned in 2019. Commencement of construction has been further postponed until 2019, with commissioning planned for 2021. It is anticipated that the power generated will enter the national grid at a new substation, close to the power station, along a new 132 kilovolt transmission line from Hoima to the Mputa area, continuing to Fort Portal and on to the Nkenda sub-station in Kasese.

In November 2019, Post Media Limited, reported that the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract had been awarded to Strabag, an Austrian construction company. At that time, a memorandum of understanding, between Strabag and the Uganda Ministry of Finance was pending, following which, construction would commence.

## Construction costs

In 2007, the construction cost was estimated at US$30 million for a 10 megawatts (13,000 hp) project. The feasibility studies were funded by a €1.5 million grant from KfW. As of August 2015, the funding for the project breaks down as depicted in the table below:

Funding Sources for Muzizi Power Station
| Rank | Funder | Amount in Euros | US$ Equivalent | Percentage | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | KfW | 40.0 million | 42.6 million | 36.36 | Loan |
| 2 | KfW | 5.0 million | 5.3 million | 4.55 | Grant |
| 3 | Agence Française de Développement (AFD) | 45.0 million | 47.9 million | 40.91 | Loan |
| 4 | Government of Uganda | 20 million | 21.3 million | 18.18 | Equity |
|  | **All** | 110 million | 117 million | **100.00** | **Total** |
|

In 2017, the European Union gave the cost of the project as €123.3 million, to which the EU would contribute €20.5 million in loans.

## Recent developments

In 2014, it was reported that the scope of the project had been increased to 44.7 megawatts from the original 26 megawatts. Two interconnected dams, Muzizi A (26 megawatts) and Muzizi B (18.7 megawatts), are now proposed.

The developer was going to be the Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited (UEGCL), a government parastatal, in partnership with a private investor. In February 2014, UEGCL applied to Uganda's Electricity Regulatory Authority for a license to generate up to 44.7 megawatts of power at Muzizi. Once the license was granted, the plan was for UEGCL to search for the investor and proceed with construction.

In May 2015, however, the Cabinet of Uganda decided to develop Muzizi without the private investor. Government resolved to borrow from the French Development Agency and KfW to fund the construction. The funds include the cost of building the high-voltage transmission lines that will evacuate the power to the point where it will be integrated into the national electricity grid.

In August 2015, UEGCL, the implementing Uganda government agency, selected the consulting engineers, who will review feasibility studies that have been done by other companies, design the project, and prepare tender documents for a fee of €3,959,771 (about UGX:15.5 billion). The energy generated is enough to supply 1,000,000 new customers.

Bids for civil works and electrical works were advertised in July 2017. UEGCL is the owner-developer entity.

## InfoBox

| Muzizi Power Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Map of Uganda showing the location of Muzizi Power Station | |
| Country | Uganda |
| Location | Ndaiga, Hoima District |
| Coordinates | 00°57′54″N 30°32′42″E / 0.96500°N 30.54500°E / 0.96500; 30.54500 |
| Status | Proposed |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Impounds | River Muzizi |
| Reservoir | |
| Normal elevation | 900 m (3,000 ft) |
| Commission date | 2021 (expected) |
| Type | Run-of-the-river |
| Turbines | 8 |
| Installed capacity | 45 MW (60,000 hp) |


title: Gregory Moffett

abstract: Gregory Moffett is an American former child actor who appeared in several films and television series in the 1950s. His older sister, Sharyn Moffett, was a child actress. Their parents were also in the entertainment business. In 1949, he signed a seven-year long film contract with Paramount, earning $125 per week. He was in films such as Let's Dance (1950), and Robot Monster (1953), which is regarded as one of the worst movies ever made. He played Johnny, the professor's only son. He also appeared in television shows like Adventures of Superman.

text:
# Gregory Moffett

**Gregory Moffett** is an American former child actor who appeared in several films and television series in the 1950s. His older sister, Sharyn Moffett, was a child actress. Their parents were also in the entertainment business. In 1949, he signed a seven-year long film contract with Paramount, earning $125 per week. He was in films such as *Let's Dance* (1950), and *Robot Monster* (1953), which is regarded as one of the worst movies ever made. He played Johnny, the professor's only son. He also appeared in television shows like *Adventures of Superman.*

## InfoBox

| Gregory Moffett | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1948–1957 |
| Relatives | Sharyn Moffett (sister) |


title: Gregory N. Harris

abstract: Gregory Norton Harris is a retired United States Navy rear admiral who last served as the Director of Air Warfare of the United States Navy from August 23, 2019 to June 2021. Previously, he served as the Chief of Naval Air Training from July 12, 2018, to July 26, 2019. Raised in Yarmouth, Maine, Harris is a 1987 graduate of the United States Naval Academy. Originally designated a naval flight officer in May 1989, he became a naval aviator in May 1993. Harris logged over 4,300 flight hours and 1,045 arrested landings. He has flown over 100 combat missions in support of Operations Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Southern Watch, Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom and Inherent Resolve.

text:
# Gregory N. Harris

**Gregory Norton Harris** (born 1965) is a retired United States Navy rear admiral who last served as the Director of Air Warfare of the United States Navy from August 23, 2019 to June 2021. Previously, he served as the Chief of Naval Air Training from July 12, 2018, to July 26, 2019.

Raised in Yarmouth, Maine, Harris is a 1987 graduate of the United States Naval Academy. Originally designated a naval flight officer in May 1989, he became a naval aviator in May 1993. Harris logged over 4,300 flight hours and 1,045 arrested landings. He has flown over 100 combat missions in support of Operations Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Southern Watch, Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom and Inherent Resolve.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

## InfoBox

| Gregory N. Harris | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait, 2019 | |
| Nickname(s) | Hyfi |
| Born | 1965 (age 5859) |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1987–2021 |
| Rank | Rear Admiral |
| Commands | Carrier Strike Group 11
Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center
Carrier Air Wing Eleven
VFA-122
VFA-115 |
| Battles/wars | Gulf War
Iraq War |
| Awards | Legion of Merit (5) |


title: Guanyinge, Xupu

abstract: Guanyinge is a town in Xupu County in western Hunan province, China, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the county seat. As of 2011, it has two residential communities (居委会) and 22 villages under its administration.

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# Guanyinge, Xupu

**Guanyinge** (simplified Chinese: 观音阁; traditional Chinese: 觀音閣; pinyin: *Guānyīngé*; lit. 'Guanyin Temple') is a town in Xupu County in western Hunan province, China, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the county seat. As of 2011, it has two residential communities (居委会) and 22 villages under its administration.

## InfoBox

| Guanyinge 观音阁镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 28°00′01″N 110°37′37″E / 28.00028°N 110.62694°E / 28.00028; 110.62694 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Huaihua |
| County | Xupu |
| Village-level divisions | 2 residential communities<br>22 villages |
| Elevation | 192 m (630 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0745 |


title: Vittorio De Seta

abstract: Vittorio De Seta was an Italian cinema director and screenwriter, considered one of Italian cinema's great imaginative realists of the 1960s.

text:
# Vittorio De Seta

**Vittorio De Seta** (15 October 1923  28 November 2011) was an Italian cinema director and screenwriter, considered one of Italian cinema's great imaginative realists of the 1960s.

## Biography

He was born in Palermo, Sicily, to a wealthy family, and studied architecture in Rome, before deciding to become a director.

De Seta made ten short documentaries between 1954 and 1959, before directing his first feature-length film, *Banditi a Orgosolo* (*Bandits of Orgosolo*).

His early documentaries focus on the everyday life of many of Sicily's poorest workers, and are notable for their lack of voice-over narration, quiet mood, and striking color.

In 2005 the rediscovery of Vittorio De Seta's work was a highlight of Tribeca Film Festival and Full Frame Documentary Film Festival, where *Détour De Seta*, a documentary on the Italian director was presented.

## Filmography

### Documentaries

* *Vinni lu tempu de li pisci spata*, 11', 1954
* *Isole di fuoco*, 11', 1954
* *Sulfarara*, 10', 1955
* *Pasqua in Sicilia*, 11', 1955
* *Contadini del mare*, 10', 1955
* *Parabola d'oro*, 10', 1955
* *Pescherecci*, 11', 1958
* *Pastori di Orgosolo*, 11', 1958
* *Un giorno in Barbagia*, 14', 1958
* *I dimenticati*, 20', 1959
* *In Calabria*, 81', 1993
* *Dedicato ad Antonino Uccello*, 30', 2003

## Awards

## Bibliography

Bibliography * Alessandro Rais (curated by). *Il cinema di Vittorio De Seta*. Catania, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, 1995. ISBN 88-7751-088-9
* *Il mondo perduto: i cortometraggi di Vittorio De Seta. 1954-1959*, book and DVD. Milan, Feltrinelli Editore, 2009. ISBN 978-88-07-74034-3
* Paolino Nappi. *L'avventura del reale. Il cinema di Vittorio De Seta*. Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2015. ISBN 978-88-498-4493-1

Documentary

## InfoBox

| Vittorio De Seta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1923-10-15)15 October 1923
Palermo, Italy |
| Died | 28 November 2011(2011-11-28) (aged 88)
Sellia Marina (Calabria), Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |
| Years active | 1954–2011 |


title: My, Oh My (The Wreckers song)

abstract: "My, Oh My" is a song written by Wayne Kirkpatrick, Josh Leo, and co-written and recorded by American country music duo The Wreckers. It was released in September 2006 as the second single from their debut album Stand Still, Look Pretty.

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# My, Oh My (The Wreckers song)

"**My, Oh My**" is a song written by Wayne Kirkpatrick, Josh Leo, and co-written and recorded by American country music duo The Wreckers. It was released in September 2006 as the second single from their debut album *Stand Still, Look Pretty*.

## Content

"My, Oh My" is a mid-tempo song with a traditional production featuring banjo, fiddle, and cowbell. The song's narrator notices how everything changes so rapidly, and remembers when there was empty land where there are now parking lots and stores.

The song is performed completely in duet form by both members of The Wreckers (Branch and Harp), as opposed to other songs where they alternate between verses ("Leave the Pieces") or one member has lead vocals on a certain song (Harp on "Tennessee").

## Music video

A music video was released in October 5, 2006, directed by Paul Boyd, features Jessica Harp and Michelle Branch riding in a horse-drawn carriage. They pick up a banker with a briefcase full of cash. Then they stage a robbery of the cash with their gang/band. When the police show up they pretend to be innocents and slowly slip away with the cash. It ends with the whole group posing for a photo. The video is done old western style. It was filmed in the Mojave Desert in California.

## Chart performance

"My, Oh My" debuted at number 56 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart for the week of September 23, 2006. In January 2007, the song also debuted on the *Billboard* Hot 100 at number 94.

| Chart (2006–2007) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country (*Billboard*) | 6 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 9 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 87 |

## InfoBox

| "My, Oh My" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by The Wreckers | |
| from the album  *Stand Still, Look Pretty* | |
| Released | September 23, 2006 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:31 |
| Label | Maverick |
| Songwriter(s) | Michelle Branch
Jessica Harp
Wayne Kirkpatrick
Josh Leo |
| Producer(s) | Paul Worley |
| The Wreckers singles chronology | |
| "Leave the Pieces"
(2006) "**My, Oh My**"
(2006) "Tennessee"
(2007) | |


title: Vrbno (Hořín)

abstract: Vrbno is a village, part of the municipality of Hořín in the district of Mělník in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, located approximately 2.5 km southwest of Hořín. The village lies in the left bank of the Vltava. There are 81 registered addresses and 98 permanent residents.

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# Vrbno (Hořín)

**Vrbno** is a village, part of the municipality of Hořín in the district of Mělník in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, located approximately 2.5 km southwest of Hořín. The village lies in the left bank of the Vltava. There are 81 registered addresses and 98 permanent residents.

## History

Vrbno was founded probably in the 11th or 12th century in the area inhabited since the 5th millennium before Christ. Mentioned for the first time in 1241 it was the possession of the Queens of Bohemia who owned the castle of Mělník. Then in the 14th century it was enlarged by Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia, the wife of John of Bohemia, and divided between the Queen’s dominion of Mělník and the local noble family which sold its possession to the Knights of the Cross of the Red Star. This division remained unchanged till the Revolution of 1848, and then Vrbno became a municipality with three cadastral areas. In 1932 there lived 496 permanent residents. Because of the decreasing number of inhabitants, it was united with adjacent municipalities of Hořín and Brozánky in 1960. During the European floods in 2002 the whole village was flooded, many buildings seriously damaged, the third part of addresses destroyed. Nevertheless, the centre of Vrbno was put on the list of the Village Monuments Areas in 2004. For its untouched picturesque atmosphere Vrbno became a place where many movies were taken, e.g. about Jules Maigret and *Les Misérables*.

## Monuments

* Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, built in the 12th century, enlarged in the following centuries, with cemetery and baroque chapels of St. Barbara and St. John of Nepomuk.
* Building of the Roman Catholic presbytery No. 1, built in 1862.
* Building if the former first school No. 60 with geographical wall paintings, built in 1878.
* Building of former pub and cultural centre of the village No. 27.
* Chapel of the Holy Wounds of Jesus, built in 1705.
* Memorial of the First World War, built in 1919.
* Lateral canal MělníkVraňany, built in 1905.

50°19′N 14°27′E / 50.317°N 14.450°E / 50.317; 14.450

## InfoBox

| Vrbno u Mělníka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian Region |
| District | Mělník District |
| Municipality | Hořín |
| Elevation | 528 ft (161 m) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 98 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Vladislav Baláž

abstract: Vladislav Baláž is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player. He played in the Slovak Extraliga for HK Dukla Trenčín, MsHK Zilina and HKm Zvolen, as well as the Czech Extraliga for HC Litvínov.

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# Vladislav Baláž

**Vladislav Baláž** (born January 28, 1984) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player. He played in the Slovak Extraliga for HK Dukla Trenčín, MsHK Zilina and HKm Zvolen, as well as the Czech Extraliga for HC Litvínov.

## InfoBox

| Vladislav Baláž | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Baláž in 2010 | | | |
| Born | (1984-01-28) January 28, 1984
Prešov, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (191 cm) | | |
| Weight | 208 lb (94 kg; 14 st 12 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | HK Dukla Trenčín
MsHK Zilina
HKm Zvolen
HC Litvínov | | |
| Playing career | 20042014 | | |


title: Guassa Community Conservation Area

abstract: The Guassa Community Conservation Area (GCCA) is a protected area in central Ethiopia. It is one of the oldest known common property resource management in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been the focus of an indigenous natural resource management institution, known as “Qero,” system for over 400 years It is located 80 km off the main highway, and is home to numerous endemic birds and wildlife species, including the iconic Ethiopian wolf and the Ethiopian gelada. The high altitude Afro-alpine Festuca grassland, or ‘Guassa” grass gives the area its name.

text:
# Guassa Community Conservation Area

The **Guassa Community Conservation Area** (GCCA) is a protected area in central Ethiopia. It is one of the oldest known common property resource management in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been the focus of an indigenous natural resource management institution, known as “Qero,” system for over 400 years It is located 80 km off the main highway, and is home to numerous endemic birds and wildlife species, including the iconic Ethiopian wolf and the Ethiopian gelada. The high altitude Afro-alpine *Festuca* grassland, or ‘Guassa” grass gives the area its name.

## Location

GCCA lies at a latitude of 10° 15′ – 10° 27′ N and longitude of 39° 45′ – 39° 49′ E. The area is part of the Menz-Gera Administrative District in the North Shoa Administrative Zone of the regional state of Amhara Region. The district capital is the town of Mehal Meda located 20  km from the Guassa Area.

## The Qero System

The Guassa Area originated as a community-based natural resource management system known as “Qero” over 400 years ago. It is one of the oldest known conservation areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Qero system is organized by two formally elected chiefs who oversee the beneficiary communities to ensure equitable resource distribution, and enforce the bylaws protecting the common property resources. Based on traditional tenure patterns, rules of protection and utilization as well as enforcement are essential aspects of the Qero system. Further organization of the user community into parishes gave the Guassa area the status of consecrated land, under the protective patronage of the parish, which reinforced the Qero system with the prestige, power, and authority of another important local level institution. In the process, the Guassa common property resources became a kind of sacred entity. Following the 1974 popular revolution, the government nationalized all rural land in the country and disbanded all local level land tenure and common property natural resource management institutions. This agrarian reform destroyed the functionality of the Qero system and the Guassa area was turned into an open access resource, which resulted in an extreme decline of natural resources in the area.

## The People of Guassa

The population of the Menz Gera Administrative District is about 111,000. The population is predominantly Amhara, one of the largest cultural ethnic groups in the country. Their language is Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia, which is a Semitic language descended from Ge’ez, the ancient liturgical language of Ethiopia now only used in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church to which most people belong.

## Climate

Annual rainfall for Guassa averages 1,200 mm to 1,600 mm. The area is characterized by mild days and cold nights and is malaria free. In the driest months (December through February) the daytime temperature can rise to 23 °C (73 °F) while at night it can fall to −10 °C (14 °F). There is frequent frost and fog in the dry season. The temperature variation is less in the wet season with a daytime temperature of 12 °C (54 °F) and a nighttime temperature of 3 °C (37 °F). Guassa can be visited at any time of the year, although persistent rainfall in July and August makes that season the least favorable.

## Habitat

The Guassa Area ranges in altitude from 3,200 to 3,700 meters above sea level. The rugged mountain plateau is crosscut by gorges and river valleys running westwards. The area forms the watershed between the Nile and Awash River systems and thus performs an important hydrological function and catchment area. The eastern edge of the Guassa Area falls away abruptly as cliffs drop into the Great Rift Valley. Just 100  km away, the land melts into the Awash plain forming the floor of the Great Rift Valley.

## Wildlife

### Flora

Guassa supports important and endemic plant species including Guassa grass, *giant lobelia*, *Erica* moorlands, *Helichrysum* and *Alchemilla* species. The Afro-montane vegetation of the Guassa Area varies with altitude and is a key attraction of the area. Other common plant species found in the area include *Carex monostachya*, *Carex fischeri* and *Kniphofia foliosa* of the family *Asphodelaceae*. Climbing in altitude, *Euryops-Alchemilla* shrubland occurs over 3,200 meters on flat, gentle slopes and well-drained areas. The shrubby vegetation of *Euryops pinifolius* (Compositae family is extensively used as firewood by the communities living adjacent to the Guassa Area. Above 3,200 meters, *Euryops-Festuca* grassland is usually interspersed with scattered structures similar to Mima mounds that can reach a height of 1.5 meters and a diameter of 5 to 10 meters. These mounds consist of highly organic and deep soil. They are made by rodents, the most important of which is the common mole rat. As the altitude increases, the vegetation changes abruptly to *Helichrysum-Festuca* type of grassland followed by *Erica* moorland. The torch lily or red-hot poker (*Kniphofia spp.*) covers entire hillsides with its flame-colored flowers between June and November. The palm-like giant lobelia (*Lobelia rhynchopetalum*) is most spectacular and reaches up to 12 meters in height.

### Fauna

#### Mammals

The Guassa area harbors nine (23%) of the endemic mammals of Ethiopia, including the Ethiopian wolf, the Gelada and the Ethiopian highland hare. The Ethiopian wolf is legally protected and with a total world population of less than 450 is the most endangered canid in the world. With six packs of wolves, the Guassa area is a key population of the species. The gelada is the only living member of the once widespread genus *Theropithecus* and is only found in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. They live in large groups reaching up to 400 individuals where the spectacular male guard harems of females. Other mammals of the area include klipspringers, jackals, leopards, spotted hyenas, civets and servals.

#### Avifauna

114 bird species have been recorded in the Guassa Area: 12% of the 862 species of birds in Ethiopia. The area is also home to a multitude of birds of prey and serves as a wintering ground for 38 species of Palearctic and intra-African migratory birds. Endemic birds include: Ankober serin (*Serinus ankoberensis*), Abyssinian catbird (*Parophasma galinieri*), Abyssinian longclaw (*Macronyx flavicollis*), blue-winged goose (*Cyanochen cyanoptera*), Ethiopian/black-headed siskin (*Serinus nigriceps*), black-winged lovebird (*Agapornis taranta*), Rouget's rail (*Rougetius rougetii*), spot-breasted plover (*Vanellus melanocephalus*), thick-billed raven (*Corvus crassirostris*), wattled ibis (*Bostrychia carunculata*), white-collared pigeon (*Columba albitorques*) and white-winged cliff chat (*Myrmecocichla semirufa*).

## InfoBox

| Guassa Community Conservation Area | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Menz Province, Amhara Region, Ethiopia |
| Nearest city | Dessie |
| Coordinates | 10°20′32″N 39°45′46″E / 10.34222°N 39.76278°E / 10.34222; 39.76278 |
| Area | 100 km2 (39 sq mi) |
| Established | 17th century |
|  | |


title: Mysore Srikanth

abstract: Mysore V. Srikanth is an Indian Carnatic violinist and the sibling of Carnatic flautist Raman Kalyan, who has also accompanied him on various concerts.

text:
# Mysore Srikanth

**Mysore V. Srikanth** is an Indian Carnatic violinist and the sibling of Carnatic flautist Raman Kalyan, who has also accompanied him on various concerts.

## Career

Mysore Srikanth, a disciple of Vidwan H.K. Narasimha Murthy of Mysore, follows the 'Parur style' of fingering. He started learning Violin at a very young age and has undergone rigorous training for more than twenty years. Srikanth has been giving performances since he was fifteen years old. He has gained rich experience by accompanying top Artists like R.K.Srikantan, Dr.M.Balamuralikrishna, T.N.Seshagopalan, T.V.Sankaranarayanan, O.S.Thiagarajan, Trichur Ramachandran, Hyderabad Brothers, Yesudas, K.S.Gopalakrishnan, Rudrapatnam Brothers, Gayathri Venkataraghavan, Bombay Sisters, Sudha Raghunathan & others and received their blessings and appreciation. He has performed with great Mridangam stalwarts like Palghat Sri Raghu, T.K.Murthy, Guru Karaikkudi Mani, Guruvayur Dorai, Vellore Ramabhadran, Umayalpuram Sivaraman, Tiruvarur Bhaktavatsalam, SrimushnamRajarao and many others. Srikanth has been featured in several prestigious Music Sabhas & Organizations throughout the country.

## Awards and titles

Srikanth, graded artist of AIR & Doordarshan, performs regularly for All India Radio, Doordarshan and other T.V. Channels. He has also performed for National Program of Music of Doordarshan. & All India Radio. He has recorded many commercial CDs & cassettes with many great artists. He has won a number of prizes, accolades and appreciation from rasikas and critics. He is a recipient of Cultural Talent Search Scholarship of Government of India and has achieved Distinction in the Senior Grade Music Examination.

He was adjudged as the Best Violinist by:

1. Krishna Gana Sabha - 1995
2. The Indian Fine Arts Society (Sub- Senior category) -- Dec 2000 Music Season
3. Karnataka Gana Kala Parishath – Young Musicians’ Conference – 2001
4. The Music Academy (Madras) - Dec 2002 Music Season
5. The Indian Fine Arts Society –Dec 2007 –Best Senior Violinist
6. The Indian Fine Arts Society –Dec 2008 –Best Senior Violinist

Srikanth has been conferred with the title "Kala Praveen" in Feb 2002 at Bangalore. He has been honored with the prestigious Award for talented young Musicians----"Ananya Yuva Puraskar" for 2004 by the organization "Ananya" of Bangalore. Srikanth is now regularly performing with many great artists & undergoing intensive training in the intricacies of Violin playing and looking forward for Great achievement in the field of Music. Srikanth has traveled abroad widely to U. S. A., Australia, New Zealand, Dubai, Singapore, Qatar, U.K., Canada and many European countries with Rudrapatnam Brothers, T.N.Seshagopalan, Ranjani-Gayatri, Malladi Brothers, V.K.Raman, T.V.Ramprasadh, Bombay Jayashri, Abhishek Raghuram, Aruna Sairam, Shashank & others.

*
*
*
*

## InfoBox

| Mysore V. Srikanth | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres | Carnatic music |
| Occupation | violinist |
| Instrument | violin |


title: My Generation (American game show)

abstract: My Generation is a game show on VH1 that was hosted by comedian Craig Shoemaker and announced by Lindsay Stoddart. Its 48 episodes aired for a brief period in 1998, and due to its similar format and emphasis on music, is considered to be a semi-revival of the 1969 ABC series The Generation Gap.

text:
# My Generation (American game show)

***My Generation*** is a game show on VH1 that was hosted by comedian Craig Shoemaker and announced by Lindsay Stoddart. Its 48 episodes aired for a brief period in 1998, and due to its similar format and emphasis on music, is considered to be a semi-revival of the 1969 ABC series *The Generation Gap*.

## Format

Two pairs of players from different graduation years – 1960 to 1995, typically 10–20 years apart – competed in a game of musical knowledge for a chance to win a trip.

### The Singles Round

Five categories were displayed, each with a question set for both teams' generations, and the winners of a coin toss chose the first set. Questions frequently had a brief skit or performance associated with them, similar to the MTV game show *Remote Control*.

The first question in a set was asked as a toss-up open for all players to buzz-in individually. A correct answer awarded 50 points and the right to play a follow-up question for 100 points if desired, directed at the partner of the player who had answered the toss-up. If the partner answered the follow-up correctly, the team was asked a 200-point bonus question. A miss on any question passed control to the opponents and allowed them to answer if they chose; missing the toss-up or follow-up also deducted the relevant amount from a team's score.

A question set went out of play as soon as any of the following occurred:

* Both teams missed the same question
* One team missed a question and their opponents chose not to attempt it
* The team that scored on the toss-up declined the follow-up
* Different teams answered the toss-up and follow-up correctly
* The bonus question was asked

The team in control then chose a new set. The round continued until time ran out or all 10 question sets had been played, whichever came first.

A bonus prize was awarded to any team that chose a question set from their opponents' generation and answered the toss-up correctly (referred to as "crossing generations").

### The CD Round

This round followed the same rules as Round 1, with all point values doubled and the trailing team choosing first from a new board of categories. Each team was given one Dedication to use during this round, which allowed them to force their opponents to answer a question meant for them. If the opponents missed, they were penalized appropriately and the team using the Dedication also received the points at stake; if the opponents answered correctly, they scored for the question instead.

### Speed Round

The host read the combined names of two bands or songs (one from each team's generation), each with the same word missing, and the teams had to buzz-in and give the word. (Example: "C+C Roxy Factory" would lead to MUSIC, for C+C Music Factory and Roxy Music.) A correct answer awarded 200 points, while a miss deducted 200. The time limit for this round was variously 30 or 45 seconds; when time ran out, the team in the lead won a prize and advanced to the Time Warp bonus round.

In some episodes, the teams were shown the names of two bands and had to give the title of a song released by both of them, or had to identify which of two similarly named bands recorded a particular song.

### Bonus Round: The Time Warp

One team member was shown the name of one of 10 bands and had to give clues of no more than two words to get their partner to guess it. Illegal clues (more than two words, using any portion of the name, etc.) forfeited that band. Bands started in the winning team's generation and moved gradually toward that of their defeated opponents. Either team member could pass on a band, and multiple guesses were allowed. The team won the grand prize for identifying seven bands within 60 seconds, with a smaller prize awarded for each correct guess.

## InfoBox

| *My Generation* | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of episodes | 48 |
| Original release | |
| Network | VH1 |
| Release | 1998 (1998) |


title: Mónica Cahen D'Anvers

abstract: Mónica Cahen D'Anvers is an Argentine journalist and TV news host. The daughter of French aristocrat Comte Gilbert George Louis Cahen D'Anvers and María Elina Láinez Peralta de Alvear, she completed her studies at Cambridge University. Cahen D'Anvers began working on the TV news programme Telenoche in 1966 with Tomás Eloy Martinez and Andrés Percivale. She and César Mascetti received the Golden Martín Fierro award in 2001 for their long work. They were married in 2003 and left Telenoche in 2004, moving to work on the radio program "Mónica y César" on Radio del Plata.

text:
# Mónica Cahen D'Anvers

**Mónica Cahen D'Anvers** (born November 7, 1934) is an Argentine journalist and TV news host.

The daughter of French aristocrat Comte Gilbert George Louis Cahen D'Anvers and María Elina Láinez Peralta de Alvear, she completed her studies at Cambridge University.

Cahen D'Anvers began working on the TV news programme *Telenoche* in 1966 with Tomás Eloy Martinez and Andrés Percivale. She and César Mascetti (presenters of Telenoche since 1992) received the Golden Martín Fierro award in 2001 for their long work. They were married in 2003 and left *Telenoche* in 2004, moving to work on the radio program "Mónica y César" on Radio del Plata.


title: Mónica Castaño

abstract: Mónica Castaño Agudelo is a Colombian beauty queen and model.

text:
# Mónica Castaño

**Mónica Castaño Agudelo** (born 5 June 1989) is a Colombian beauty queen and model.

## *Colombia's Next Top Model*

Castaño was selected to be one of the final fifteen contestants of the first cycle of *Colombia's Next Top Model*. She was voted as one of the four finalists by the Colombian public with 17.8% of the vote, becoming one of the "Chicas Águila" for 2013 along with Anggie Bryan, Claudia Castro and Lis Henao. She beat out Bryan, Castro and Henao to win the competition. Her prizes included 100,000,000 in cash and a cover of *Cromos* magazine.

## *Finearom*

She is currently working as a commercial director at the company Finearom.

## Pageantry

Castaño represented Pradera at the Señorita Valle 2011 pageant, where she was the virreina. She is Miss Grand Colombia 2014 and Miss Orito Ingi-Ande 2014. In October 2014, she represented Colombia at the Miss Grand International 2014 pageant in Bangkok, where she finished as the fourth-runner-up to Daryanne Lees of Cuba. In the Miss Supranational 2015 pageant, she finished as the second runner-up to Stephania Stegman of Paraguay.

## InfoBox

| Mónica Castaño | |
| --- | --- |
| Castaño at the Miss Grand International 2014 swimsuit competition | |
| Born | Mónica Castaño Agudelo
(1989-06-05) 5 June 1989
Pradera, Valle del Cauca, Colombia |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss Grand Colombia 2014
Miss Supranational Colombia 2015 |
| Hair color | Light brown |
| Eye color | Brown |
| Major
competition(s) | Miss Grand International 2014
(4th Runner-Up)
Miss Supranational 2015
(2nd Runner-Up) |
|  | |


title: Gunnar Viken

abstract: Gunnar Johannes Viken is a Norwegian dairy farmer and politician for the Conservative Party. Since 2007 he has been county mayor of Nord-Trøndelag County Municipality. Viken has been a member of the Nord-Trøndelag County Council since 1999 and a deputy member of the Storting since 2013. Prior to his election as county mayor in 2007, he chaired the Conservative Party group in the county council for 4 years and the county agricultural board for 12 years. He entered politics as a member of the municipal council of Mosvik in the early 1980s. Viken did not seek his party's renomination to the county council in 2015. Raised on a family farm in Mosvik, he passed the National Driving Teacher School and managed a driving school in Levanger from 1976 to 1982. Since 1982 he has been a dairy farmer and forester in Mosvik.

text:
# Gunnar Viken

**Gunnar Johannes Viken** (born 9 July 1948 in Levanger) is a Norwegian dairy farmer and politician for the Conservative Party. Since 2007 he has been county mayor of Nord-Trøndelag County Municipality.

Viken has been a member of the Nord-Trøndelag County Council since 1999 and a deputy member of the Storting since 2013. Prior to his election as county mayor in 2007, he chaired the Conservative Party group in the county council for 4 years and the county agricultural board for 12 years. He entered politics as a member of the municipal council of Mosvik in the early 1980s. Viken did not seek his party's renomination to the county council in 2015.

Raised on a family farm in Mosvik, he passed the National Driving Teacher School and managed a driving school in Levanger from 1976 to 1982. Since 1982 he has been a dairy farmer and forester in Mosvik.

## InfoBox

| Gunnar Viken | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| County mayor of Nord-Trøndelag | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
17 October 2007 | |
| Preceded by | Erik Bartnes |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1948-07-09) 9 July 1948
Mosvik, Norway |
| Political party | Conservative Party |
| Residence | Mosvik |
| Profession | Dairy farmer |
|  | |


title: Gunnar Vatten

abstract: Gunnar Vatten was a Norwegian engineer and civil servant. He was born in Bodø, and took the siv.ing. degree in electrical engineering in Denmark. He was employed in the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Agency from 1953 to 1955, and then worked as a consultant in Nordland County Municipality before working for the Western Electric Company in Oklahoma. He returned to Norway and was the director of electricity in the agency from 1971 to 1978. He was then a deputy under-secretary of state in the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy from 1978 to 1985. When Statkraft was split from the Water Resources and Electricity Agency in 1986, Vatten became the chief executive officer. He left on 1 March 1992 and was replaced by Lars Uno Thulin. He was the chair of Kommunekraft from 1993. He resided in Nesodden Municipality, was married and had children. He died in July 2011.

text:
# Gunnar Vatten

**Gunnar Vatten** (9 August 1927 – 20 July 2011) was a Norwegian engineer and civil servant.

He was born in Bodø, and took the siv.ing. degree in electrical engineering in Denmark. He was employed in the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Agency from 1953 to 1955, and then worked as a consultant in Nordland County Municipality before working for the Western Electric Company in Oklahoma.

He returned to Norway and was the director of electricity in the agency from 1971 to 1978. He was then a deputy under-secretary of state in the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy from 1978 to 1985. When Statkraft was split from the Water Resources and Electricity Agency in 1986, Vatten became the chief executive officer. He left on 1 March 1992 and was replaced by Lars Uno Thulin. He was the chair of Kommunekraft from 1993.

He resided in Nesodden Municipality, was married and had children. He died in July 2011.


title: Gunnar Vingren

abstract: Gunnar Vingren (1879–1933) was a Swedish Pentecostal missionary evangelist. He served in the early twentieth century in the Amazon and Northeast Brazil. His work led to the creation of the Assembly of God church in Brazil.

text:
# Gunnar Vingren

**Gunnar Vingren** (1879–1933) was a Swedish Pentecostal missionary evangelist. He served in the early twentieth century in the Amazon and Northeast Brazil. His work led to the creation of the Assembly of God church in Brazil.

## History

### Early life

Gunnar Vingren was born in Östra Husby, Sweden in 1879. His father was a gardener and he grew up in a Christian home. When he was 18 years old, he believed that the Holy Spirit of God spoke to him and told him he would be a missionary.

### United States

In 1903, he emigrated to the US, where he majored in pastoral studies at Chicago Theological Seminary.

In the early 1900s, emphasis on direct personal experience of God and living a life filled with the Holy Spirit was gaining popularity and Penecostal meetings and groups were growing, with 1904-1905 Welsh revival and the Azusa Street Revival inspiring Christians around the world.

In 1909, Vingren experienced a desire to receive baptized in the Holy Spirit. He taught at some Scandinavian Baptist churches and decided to follow his missionary vocation.

He later went to South Bend, Indiana, where 20 people were baptized in the Holy Spirit and a Penecostal church was established. At a prayer meeting in Indiana, he stated that God had told him that he would carry out missions in Pará, Brazil. At another praying meeting, Daniel Berg was asked to accompany him to Brazil. On November 5, 1910, Vingren and Berg left New York Port and headed to Pará, Brazil.

### Brazil

On November 19, Vingren and Berg landed in Brazil and settled in Belém. They studied the Portuguese language and preached the Pentecostal doctrine, initially proselytizing among Baptists in Belém and then to people living along the Amazon in northeastern Brazil.

On June 18, 1911, in the home of Celina de Albuquerque, Vingren and Berg founded the first Brazilian Assemblies of God church.

Vingren met a missionary nurse named Frida Maria Strandburg and they married in Belém.

In the 1920s, Vingren moved to the south to extend the missionary activity, convening the General Convention of the Assemblies of God in Brazil, creating publications, and compiling a hymnal. Vingren and his family went south, passing through Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo. After another series of trips, he returned to Rio de Janeiro and settled there permanently. As in Pará, the Pentecostal work in Rio de Janeiro grew exponentially.

### Death

Due to health problems, Vingren and his family said their goodbyes to the church in Rio de Janeiro and Brazil on August 15, 1932. He returned to Sweden, where his state worsened and he died in 1933 at the age of 53.

## Frida Vingren

Frida was born in 1891. She was part of the Pentecostal *Philadelphia Church* in Stockholm which sent her to Belém in 1917.

She married Gunnar Vingren in 1917 and they had six children.

Frida worked as part of the Pentecostal Church, visiting and caring for the ill and the elderly and translating hymns from Swedish into Portuguese, as well as sending newsletters back to the churches in Sweden.

When the family moved to Rio, she became the first woman of the religion to run a Sunday Bible school, and also started the newspaper Som Alegre, through which she began to defend the idea of women in the ministry. This caused controversy in the denomination and tensions between the church and the Vingrens.

After Gunnar's death, Frida wished to return to Brazil to carry on her missionary work, but did not have the church's support to do so. She then planned to go to Portugal, but ill-health prevented her travelling.

Frida Maria Strandberg Vingren died at the age of 49 on September 30, 1940, in Sweden, with her daughter by her side.

## InfoBox

| Gunnar Vingren | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1879-08-08)August 8, 1879<br>Östra Harg, Östergötland |
| Died | June 29, 1933(1933-06-29) (aged 53) |
| Occupation | Evangelist |
| Spouse | Frida Vingen |