title: Housing Problems (film)

abstract: Housing Problems is a 1935 British documentary film produced by the Realist Film Unit for the British Commercial Gas Association. The fourteen-minute film documents the poor living conditions experienced by slum housing tenants in the East London district of Stepney, combining narration with interviews of tenants. It emphasises the role of the British Commercial Gas Association in providing social housing, interviewing residents of new housing projects about their improved conditions as well as displaying architectural models of housing estates planned by local authorities. Housing Problems does not have a credited director; however, production is credited to Arthur Elton and Edgar Anstey, and "photography" is credited to John Taylor. Ruby Grierson also worked as an uncredited assistant on the film, her first role in documentary filmmaking. It was one of the first documentaries that centred the voices of its subjects through the use of interviews. Whether these interviews were scripted remains a matter of debate. One of the housing models depicted is of the planned Quarry Hill Estate in Leeds. The film showcases the estate's innovative steel-frame architecture and open spaces, with amenities including a shopping centre and a welfare centre. In actuality, the Quarry Hill Estate was never fully completed; many of the intended amenities were never built, and it was completely demolished in 1978.

text:
# Housing Problems (film)

***Housing Problems*** is a 1935 British documentary film produced by the Realist Film Unit for the British Commercial Gas Association. The fourteen-minute film documents the poor living conditions experienced by slum housing tenants in the East London district of Stepney, combining narration with interviews of tenants. It emphasises the role of the British Commercial Gas Association in providing social housing, interviewing residents of new housing projects about their improved conditions as well as displaying architectural models of housing estates planned by local authorities.

*Housing Problems* does not have a credited director; however, production is credited to Arthur Elton and Edgar Anstey, and "photography" is credited to John Taylor. Ruby Grierson also worked as an uncredited assistant on the film, her first role in documentary filmmaking.

It was one of the first documentaries that centred the voices of its subjects through the use of interviews. Whether these interviews were scripted remains a matter of debate.

One of the housing models depicted is of the planned Quarry Hill Estate in Leeds. The film showcases the estate's innovative steel-frame architecture and open spaces, with amenities including a shopping centre and a welfare centre. In actuality, the Quarry Hill Estate was never fully completed; many of the intended amenities were never built, and it was completely demolished in 1978.

## InfoBox

| Housing Problems | |
| --- | --- |
| Produced by | Arthur Elton
Edgar Anstey |
| Cinematography | John Taylor |
| Production
company | Realist Film Unit |
| Release date | * 1935 (1935) |
| Running time | 14 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Hey Everyone!

abstract: Hey Everyone! is the debut album by Glasgow-based rock band Dananananaykroyd, released on 6 April 2009 on the Best Before Records label. The album debuted on the UK Albums Chart at number 154 in its week of release. Initial critical reception was generally positive, ClashMusic.com commenting: "Dananananaykroyd have made a debut album as unforgettable as their name is unwieldy, and it is a magnificent achievement." This Is Fake DIY also reviewed the album positively, saying "this is an album that's both satisfyingly violent, subtly tuneful and, dare we say it, not so hard to swallow that it has to stay an underground concern." An NME review criticised the track order of the album, claiming that the three singles "Black Wax", "Totally Bone" and "Pink Sabbath" being grouped together was an unwise choice.

text:
# Hey Everyone!

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Drowned in Sound | (8/10) link |
| *The Fly* | link |
| Gigwise.com | link |
| *NME* | link |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.4/10) link |
| Rockfeedback | link |
| *The Scotsman* | link |
| Sputnik Music | link |
| This Is Fake DIY | link |

***Hey Everyone!*** is the debut album by Glasgow-based rock band Dananananaykroyd, released on 6 April 2009 on the Best Before Records label. The album debuted on the UK Albums Chart at number 154 in its week of release.

Initial critical reception was generally positive, ClashMusic.com commenting: "Dananananaykroyd have made a debut album as unforgettable as their name is unwieldy, and it is a magnificent achievement." This Is Fake DIY also reviewed the album positively, saying "this is an album that's both satisfyingly violent, subtly tuneful and, dare we say it, not so hard to swallow that it has to stay an underground concern."

An *NME* review criticised the track order of the album, claiming that the three singles "Black Wax", "Totally Bone" and "Pink Sabbath" being grouped together was an unwise choice.

## Recording

The record was recorded in the Machine Shop in Hoboken, New Jersey in July and August 2008. The music was recorded almost completely live in one room, John Baillie Jnr's vocals were recorded with Machine while Calum Gunn's were recorded separately in Southern Studios in London. While recording, the band's guitarist David Roy made home movies which are now on Vimeo.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Calum Gunn and John Baillie Jnr, except where noted; all music is composed by David Roy

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hey Everyone" |  | 1:31 |
| 2. | "Watch This!" |  | 3:33 |
| 3. | "The Greater Than Symbol & the Hash" | Giles Bailey | 4:41 |
| 4. | "Black Wax" |  | 4:03 |
| 5. | "Totally Bone" | Giles Bailey | 4:01 |
| 6. | "Pink Sabbath" |  | 3:12 |
| 7. | "Infinity Milk" |  | 4:25 |
| 8. | "One Chance" |  | 1:00 |
| 9. | "Some Dresses" | Giles Bailey | 5:03 |
| 10. | "1993" |  | 4:25 |
| 11. | "Hey James" |  | 4:36 |
| 12. | "Song One Puzzle" | Giles Bailey | 4:52 |

## InfoBox

| Hey Everyone! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dananananaykroyd | |
| Released | 6 April 2009 |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | Post-hardcore
Alternative rock |
| Length | 45:16 |
| Label | Best Before Records |
| Producer | Machine |
| Dananananaykroyd chronology | |
| *Sissy Hits*
(2008) ***Hey Everyone!***
(2009) *There Is a Way*
(2011) | |


title: Tower Hill Postern

abstract: The Tower Hill Postern was a small fortified entrance (postern) at the eastern terminal point to the London Wall, at the junction of the Wall and the Tower of London moat. The size of the gateway indicates that it was suitable for pedestrians and horsemen but not wide enough to accommodate wagons, carts or carriages.

text:
# Tower Hill Postern

The **Tower Hill Postern** was a small fortified entrance (postern) at the eastern terminal point to the London Wall, at the junction of the Wall and the Tower of London moat. The size of the gateway indicates that it was suitable for pedestrians and horsemen but not wide enough to accommodate wagons, carts or carriages.

## Antecedent gateway

There is no evidence for a gateway on the site earlier than the building erected by Edward I around 1297-1308, and no reason for there to have been a gateway there before the expansion of the Tower of London. There are a number of circumstantial arguments including arguments based on road alignments, records of parochial disputes and indirect references by William Fitzstephen to indicate that there may have been a gateway further south that was replaced when much of the wall was demolished as part of the expansion of the Tower.

## History

The Tower of London moat was dug in around 1270 as part of a scheme to extend the Tower, and part of the London Wall was demolished to make room for the expanded Tower and Moat. The postern at the edge of the moat, at the wall's new terminal point was probably built soon after, most likely in the period 1297-1308. The southern tower, which was built from Caen stone, partially collapsed in either 1431 or 1440, sliding vertically down three metres into the Tower Moat. The tower remained standing and though functionally impaired remained in use. There was a subsequent degree of re-building.

## Structure

The southern tower included a ground floor and a cellar, thought to have been reached by a ladder. The cellar had a window overlooking the moat. The remains of a stairwell and a portcullis chase indicate that there was an upper floor and perhaps also a parapet on the roof. Nothing is known for certain about the tower north of the gateway except the information that can be gleaned from cartographic sources, all of which postdate the collapse of the southern tower. Some believe that the northern and surviving southern towers existed at the same time, while others think the northern tower was erected subsequently, to compensate for the loss of the southern tower.

## Setting

The postern was situated in the Tower Liberty, an area outside the jurisdiction of the City of London, which included the Tower itself and the surrounding areas. The area was under the control of the Tower in order that the defensibility of the Tower was not compromised by development leading up to the edge of the castle and its moat. The Tower Liberty is still outside the authority of the City, now forming part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

## Remains

The foundations of the southern tower, which sunk into the moat, were excavated in 1979 and can be seen in the Tower Hill underpass.

51°30′34″N 0°04′33″W / 51.50943°N 0.07595°W / 51.50943; -0.07595


title: Prosopocera

abstract: Prosopocera is a genus of flat-faced longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae.

text:
# Prosopocera

***Prosopocera*** is a genus of flat-faced longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Prosopocera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Museum specimen of *Prosopocera lactator* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Prosopocerini |
| Genus: | *Prosopocera*<br>Dejean, 1835 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Alphitopola* Thomson, 1857 * *Imalmus* Pascoe, 1864 * *Megaloharpya* Allard, 1993 * *Parapterochaos* Breuning, 1977 * *Zalates* Thomson, 1860 | |


title: Mullage

abstract: Mullage are a Dirty South hip hop and contemporary R&B duo from Atlanta, composed of B Boi and B Town. The two grew up a few miles from each other and met while in the US Navy when they were stationed in Virginia. While still in the Navy they recorded albums and mixtapes under the underground label Final Destination Records with producer/artist/CEO Chris Mooty. Once they were both out, they moved back to Atlanta and signed to From the Ground Up Records. The group's name is a combination of the words "musical collage". Their debut single, "Trick'n", was released in early May 2009 and entered the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

text:
# Mullage

**Mullage** are a Dirty South hip hop and contemporary R&B duo from Atlanta, composed of **B Boi** and **B Town**. The two grew up a few miles from each other and met while in the US Navy when they were stationed in Virginia. While still in the Navy they recorded albums and mixtapes under the underground label Final Destination Records with producer/artist/CEO Chris Mooty. Once they were both out, they moved back to Atlanta and signed to From the Ground Up Records. The group's name is a combination of the words "musical collage". Their debut single, "Trick'n", was released in early May 2009 and entered the *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

## Discography

### Mixtapes

* *Elevators: The Pre-Album* (Hosted by DJ Ill Will & DJ Rockstar) (2009)
* *This Is For The Radio* (Hosted by DJ Ill Will & DJ Rockstar) (2010)
* *Believers Never Die* (2015)

### Singles

| Year | Title | Chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | ||
| U.S. R&B |
| 2009 | "Trick'n" | 35 |  |
| 2013 | "Don't Act Like It'" | - | |
|

## InfoBox

| Mullage | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Labels | From the Ground Up, Jive |
|  | |
| Members | B Boi <br>B Town |
|  | |
| Website | Mullage Myspace |


title: Tropical Hockey League

abstract: The Tropical Hockey League (THL) was a short-lived ice hockey minor league in Miami, Florida. The initial league had four teams, all based in Miami, and lasted for only one season, 1938–39, before folding; it was briefly resurrected in 1940 before folding for good the following year. Nicknamed the Grapefruit League, it was notable as the first attempt to establish professional hockey in Florida—or the Southern United States in general—though it ultimately had minimal impact on popularizing the sport in the region.

text:
# Tropical Hockey League

The **Tropical Hockey League** (THL) was a short-lived ice hockey minor league in Miami, Florida. The initial league had four teams, all based in Miami, and lasted for only one season, 1938–39, before folding; it was briefly resurrected in 1940 before folding for good the following year. Nicknamed the **Grapefruit League**, it was notable as the first attempt to establish professional hockey in Florida—or the Southern United States in general—though it ultimately had minimal impact on popularizing the sport in the region.

## History

The Tropical Hockey League was established as an attempt to introduce ice hockey to the Southern United States. Its founders hoped to take advantage of the large population of "snowbirds" from Eastern Canada who wintered in south Florida. The league consisted of four teams, all of which played at the Miami Coliseum (renamed the Metropolitan Ice Palace) in Coral Gables. The Miami Clippers, Miami Beach Pirates, the Coral Gables Seminoles, and the Havana Tropicals. The inclusion of a Havana team (albeit one playing in the United States) was designed to attract in particular Cuban Americans to the sport. Before the inaugural season had even started, the league was considering expanding to Jacksonville and even the Bahamas.

Because it was not affiliated with the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States, founded the year before as a new governing body for ice hockey in the United States, the THL struggled to recruit top-tier talent. W. G. Hardy, then-president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (and future president of the IIHF), warned Canadians against signing contracts with the Tropical Hockey League. Nevertheless, the THL's players, with just three exceptions, were all Canadians recruited from camps in Port Colborne, Ontario and Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Seminoles, having recruited much of their roster from Western Canada, developed an on-ice rivalry with the other three teams, which were predominantly eastern Canadian.

One notable figure was Magnus "Mike" Goodman, a former member of the Winnipeg Falcons who won the gold medal in hockey for Canada in the 1920 Summer Olympics; he served the Seminoles as player-coach. Other teams sought out similar talent for their manager positions; the Pirates signed Stan Jackson, a former winger for the Boston Bruins and Toronto St. Pats, while the Clippers hired Harold "Bullet Joe" Simpson, former manager of the National Hockey League's New York Americans and future Hockey Hall of Famer. The Clippers also signed defensemen Bob Dill, who would go on to play with the New York Rangers, and Frank Mailley, who played one game for the Montreal Canadiens.

The league's inaugural game, billed as "the first hockey game ever staged in the South", was played between the Clippers and Pirates on December 10, 1938. It was preceded by demonstrations of the sport by the players and featured a mambo concert after the second period. The game ended with a fight following a 3–2 victory by the Clippers. The Tropical Hockey League made it through a 15-game season in 1938–39, with the Seminoles being crowned regular season champions.

Goodman's Seminoles went on to play an "All-Star Game" against the best players from the other three teams, which the Seminoles lost 6-5. This, however, would be the last game played by the original THL. The league had failed to attract much interest from the community, in part due to its late start times, weak competition, and tendency for games to devolve into fighting. With its promoters losing money, the first hockey experiment in the southern United States folded at the end of the season.

The THL was briefly resurrected as a three-team amateur league in 1940. This iteration of the league was bankrolled by Burdines, Pan American, and Florida Power & Light, and featured the Clippers, Pirates, and Indians (the former Seminoles); Goodman and Simpson returned as coaches. Unlike the 1938-39 league, most of these rosters were made up of recruits from the Miami area, including college students and Army, Navy, and Air Corps servicemen. The 1941 Clippers featured a former NHLer in Bill Regan, as well as the son of Stanley Cup-winning goaltender Hap Holmes. Though records are unclear, it appears that this league folded around September 1941, after the city of Coral Gables "took away" the Coliseum from the THL—thus depriving the league of a home rink.

## Final standings

Tropical Hockey League, 1938-39 season
|  | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Coral Gables Seminoles** | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 85 | 53 | **24** |
| Miami Clippers | 13 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 53 | 58 | **14** |
| Miami Beach Pirates | 14 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 57 | 69 | **10** |
| Havana Tropicals | 15 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 69 | 84 | **8** |

## Legacy

The Tropical Hockey League experiment did little to popularize hockey in the South. After 1941, there would be no further attempt to establish professional hockey in the region until 1956, when the Eastern Hockey League placed the Charlotte Clippers, later the Charlotte Checkers, in Charlotte, North Carolina. Florida did not get another hockey team until the Jacksonville Rockets joined the EHL in 1964. From 1992 to 1995 there was another minor hockey league based in Florida, the Sunshine Hockey League. Major league hockey did not expand into the South until the 1970s, with the NHL's Atlanta Flames and the World Hockey Association's Houston Aeros (both in 1972).

The WHA had also attempted to place another team in Miami, the Screaming Eagles, but the plan fell apart due to the unsuitability of existing arenas (including the Coliseum). The NHL finally expanded to Florida in the 1992–93 season, awarding an expansion franchise to the Tampa Bay Lightning; hockey returned to Miami the following season with the establishment of the Florida Panthers.

The NHL would not see a Florida-born player until Val James, who made his brief debut with the 1981–82 Buffalo Sabres; the first Florida-raised player in the NHL would be Brian Ferlin, who played for junior hockey in Jacksonville before debuting with the 2014–15 Bruins.

## InfoBox

Tropical Hockey League
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1938 |
| Ceased | 1939 (resurrected in 1940) |
| Country | United States |
| Last<br>champion(s) | Coral Gables Seminoles |
| Most titles | Coral Gables Seminoles (1) |


title: Household stone implements in Karnataka

abstract: Household stone implements in Karnataka, India used for wet grinding, dry grinding and pounding are oralu kallu, beeso kallu, dundagallu and kutni.

text:
# Household stone implements in Karnataka

**Household stone implements in Karnataka**, India used for wet grinding, dry grinding and pounding are oralu kallu, beeso kallu, dundagallu and kutni.

## Pronunciation

In Kannada, the official and chief language of Karnataka, oralu kallu is written as ಒರಳು ಕಲ್ಲು. The pronunciation of ‘lu’ in Oralu is not the same as ‘lu’ in "flu". 'Lu' of Oralu Kallu is depicted as ‘ḷu’ in equivalent English. Oralu is a Kannada word for turn, which here describes the action of gundukallu, a grinding stone. ‘Kallu’ is a Kannada word for stone. An alternate name, rubbo kallu, is written as ರುಬ್ಬೊ ಕಲ್ಲು. ‘Rubbu’ is a Kannada word for grinding.

Beeso kallu is written as ಬೀಸೋ ಕಲ್ಲು. Beesu is a Kannada word for dry grinding.

Dundugallu is written as ದುಂಡುಗಲ್ಲು. ‘Dundu’ is a Kannada word for round which here describes the shape of the stone. It is also called rubbo dundi (ರುಬ್ಬೂ ದುಂಡಿ).

Kutni is written as ಕುಟ್ನಿ. ‘Kuttu’ is a Kannada word for pounding.

## Oralu kallu

### Description

Oralu kallu or rubbo kallu is a household stone implement used for wet grinding. It consists of two separate parts. A grinding stone called gundukallu (ಗುಂಡುಕಲ್ಲು)/gootada kallu (ಗೂಟದಕಲ್ಲು) is a stout cylindrical stone of rounded ends with or without a wooden handle, and a base stone which actually is called oralu kallu has a central well with a diameter slightly larger than the gundukallu.

### Wet grinding

Gundukallu is placed in the well of a base stone and rotated, usually with the left hand while the right hand is used to regularly push ingredients towards the well to grind them. The role of the hands keep interchanging with fatigue, duration and quantity of grinding.

### Uses

* To wet grind dosa/idli batters, various chutneys, masalas etc.
* It is a preferred tool to grind uddina vada batter in hotels and restaurants.
* For making chigali
* It plays an important role in Arishina Kuttuva Shastra (details under Miscellaneous section below), a wedding ritual in southern India.

### Current scenario

Oralu kallu used to be a standard fixture of every household in the past. They were mounted flush with the kitchen floor or built into counters or as separate stone unit within or outside homes. With the availability and convenience of mixer grinders, food processors, and commercial wet grinders, the oralu kallu has almost disappeared from urban areas and is on the decline in rural areas. Some believe that foods prepared using an oralu kallu taste better than foods processed in mixer grinders.

## Beeso kallu

### Description

Beeso kallu is a household stone implement for dry grinding millet. It is made of two thick circular flat stones on top of each other. The upper stone has a central hole which accommodates a small conical (metal/stone) projection from stone below about which it can rotate. Also, on the upper stone is another hole, peripheral in location, which houses a wooden handle for rotating it. It is also called as chakki (stone mill) in northern India

### Dry grinding

Ingredients to be ground are poured through the central hole of the upper stone which then slides along the sides of metal/stone projecting from below into a gap between the upper and lower stone. There it gets ground to flour upon rotating the upper stone.

### Uses

* For making flour from millet like rice, ragi, wheat, jowar etc.
* Sometimes powders like chili powder, sambar powder and other masala powders are also ground in it.

### Current scenario

This was the chief tool of the past to grind millet into flour before the spread of commercial grinding mill shops. Hitherto found in rural areas, these have now almost disappeared.

## Dundugallu

### Description

Dundugallu is a household stone implement for wet grinding found mostly in rural areas. It is a very basic form of an implement consisting of two separate parts, a circular or cylindrical or oval stone and another flat surfaced stone. It is seen in various sizes from small to large.

### Wet grinding

Before grinding, both parts are washed and cleaned. Ingredients to be ground are placed on flat surfaced stone. Heavy round or cylindrical or oval stone is then rolled to and fro on the ingredients to grind them.

### Uses

* Used in wet grinding ingredients for masalas, chutneys etc.

### Current scenario

Hitherto found in rural areas, these have now almost disappeared.

## Kutni

### Description

Kutni is a miniature household stone implement for grinding small quantities of either dry or wet ingredients. It traditionally is made of stone. It consists of kutni, a roughly boat or circular shaped base stone with shallow upper surface, and a kutto kallu (ಕುಟ್ಟೋ ಕಲ್ಲು), a roughly pear shaped small stone to pound/crush/grind.

### Dry or wet grinding

Ingredients to be ground are placed in the kutni and the kutto kallu is used to crush/pound/grind.

### Uses

* Usually to coarse powder small quantities of spices like cinnamon, cloves, cardamom etc.
* To crush black pepper
* To make small quantities of menasinkai (chilli) / bendekai (okra) and other chutneys
* To make chigali

### Current scenario

Kutni in the English world is known as a mortar and pestle. They are available in various sizes and shapes. Traditionally they were made of stone. Currently they are made in various sizes and shapes, from materials like iron, steel, brass, alloys, wood, marble stone, granite, or plastic. They are found in almost every household.

## Miscellaneous

### Arishina Kuttuva Shastra

Arishina Kuttuva Shastra (ಅರಿಶಿನ ಕುಟ್ಟುವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ) is an important wedding ritual in Southern India. Arishina is a Kannada word for turmeric. In the ritual, whole turmeric (dried whole unbroken tuber) is placed in the oralu kallu. Women use the onake (description below) to pound it to a powder. Powdered turmeric is made into a paste with water. Turmeric paste is then applied on the bride and groom. In northern India, the Haldi function is similar.

In another wedding ritual, instead of turmeric, various other grains like rice and jowar are symbolically pounded by the bride.

### Onake

Onake is a wooden pole/stick, about the length of an average person, used in the past to pound millets into flour. millet to be pounded is placed in the oralukallu and pounded with onake to flour. Currently its usage is mostly limited to the Arishina Kuttuva ritual in South Indian weddings. The onake is sometimes called a pestle in English.

A historical, brave woman, Obavva killed enemy soldiers with an onake in a battle at Chitradurga fort. She is revered as Onake Obavva. She is exemplified for the bravery and courage of women of Karnataka alongside another historical ruler, Kittur Chennamma.

### Murders

Gundukallu, the grinding stone of oralu kallu, has been used as a weapon in numerous murders. Rarely, in domestic quarrels or family feuds or fights with neighbours or in village fights, a threat made by one individual to another can be heard said as "gundukallu yattak bidtini" (ಗುಂಡುಕಲ್ಲು ಯತ್ತಾಕ್ಬಿಡ್ತೀನಿ), which can be translated roughly as "will lift up the grinding stone and throw it on you".

1. "Arya Vysya Customs and Traditions - Wedding/Maduve". *www.tasteofmysore.com*. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
2. "Godkal Shastra - Indian festivals". *indianfestivals.wikidot.com*. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
3. vclickz works (24 January 2015), *Arishina Preparation*, retrieved 4 December 2016
4. "Arya Vysya Customs and Traditions - Wedding/Maduve". *www.tasteofmysore.com*. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
5. "Beautiful Significance of Haldi Ceremony in Indian Weddings". Retrieved 4 December 2016.
6. Desk, NewsGram News (9 October 2015). "Rani Chennamma - India's first woman independence activist". *NewsGram*. Retrieved 5 December 2016. `{{cite news}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
7. Gowhar, Imran. "Man who killed wife, mother-in-law arrested". *The Hindu*. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
8. Correspondent, Special. "Woman murders husband with grinding stone". *The Hindu*. Retrieved 4 December 2016. `{{cite news}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
9. "Younger brother murders elder sibling with grinding stone - Times of India". *The Times of India*. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
10. "Woman kills husband with a grinding stone - Times of India". *The Times of India*. Retrieved 4 December 2016.


abstract: The role of the ambassador and permanent representative of Chile to the United Nations is as the leader of the Chilean delegation to the United Nations in New York and as head of the Permanent Mission of Chile to the UN. The position has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and is also the representative of Chile in the United Nations Security Council (2014–2015). The permanent representative, currently Paula Narváez, is charged with representing Chile during plenary meetings of the General Assembly, except in the rare situation in which a more senior officer is present.

text:
# Permanent Representative of Chile to the United Nations

The role of the **ambassador and permanent representative of Chile to the United Nations** is as the leader of the Chilean delegation to the United Nations in New York and as head of the Permanent Mission of Chile to the UN. The position has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and is also the representative of Chile in the United Nations Security Council (2014–2015).

The permanent representative, currently Paula Narváez, is charged with representing Chile during plenary meetings of the General Assembly, except in the rare situation in which a more senior officer (such as the minister for foreign affairs or the president) is present.

## Office holders

| Incumbent | Start of term | End of term |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gabriel González Videla (*Head of Delegation*) | 1945 | 1946 |
| Hernán Santa Cruz | 1946 | 1953 |
| Rudecindo Ortega Mason | 1953 | 1956 |
| Roberto Aldunate León | 1956 | 1960 |
| Daniel Schweitzer | 1960 | 1966 |
| José Piñera Carvallo | 1966 | 1970 |
| Humberto Diaz Casanueva | 1970 | 1973 |
| Ismael Huerta | 1974 | 1977 |
| Sergio Diez | 1977 | 1982 |
| Manuel Trucco Gaete | 1982 | 1984 |
| Pedro Daza | 1984 | 1990 |
| Juan Somavia | 1990 | 1999 |
| Juan Gabriel Valdés | 2000 | 2003 |
| Heraldo Muñoz | 2003 | 2010 |
| Octavio Errázuriz | 2010 | 2014 |
| Cristian Barros | 2014 | 2018 |
| Milenko Skoknic Tapia | 2018 | 2022 |
| Paula Narváez | 2022 | present |

## InfoBox

| Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Chile to the United Nations | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Incumbent
Paula Narváez
since 8 June 2022 | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Appointer | Gabriel Boric |
| Inaugural holder | Hernán Santa Cruz |
| Formation | 1946 |
| Website | Permanent Mission (in Spanish) |


title: Norman Geschwind

abstract: Norman Geschwind was a pioneering American behavioral neurologist, best known for his exploration of behavioral neurology through disconnection models based on lesion analysis.

text:
# Norman Geschwind

**Norman Geschwind** (January 8, 1926 – November 4, 1984) was a pioneering American behavioral neurologist, best known for his exploration of behavioral neurology through disconnection models based on lesion analysis.

## Early life

Norman Geschwind was born on January 8, 1926, in New York City, New York to a Jewish family. He was a student at Boy's High School in Brooklyn, New York. He matriculated into Harvard University in 1942, initially planning to study mathematics. His education was interrupted when drafted into the Army in 1944. After serving for two years, he returned to Harvard University in 1946. Geschwind changed to the Department of Social Relations and studied a combination of social/personality psychology and cultural anthropology. Geschwind later married and had three children, Naomi, David, and Claudia.

## Medical education and training

Geschwind attended Harvard Medical School, intending to become a psychiatrist. His emphasis began to shift after studying neuroanatomy with Marcus Singer, at which time he began to develop an interest in aphasia and epilepsy. He graduated medical school in 1951. Geschwind continued his studies at London's National Hospital, Queen Square, as a Moseley Travelling Fellow from 1952 to 1953, then as a United States Public Health Service fellow from 1953 to 1955. He studied with Sir Charles Symonds who taught the importance of neurologic mechanisms to studying disorders.

In 1955, Geschwind became neurology chief resident at the Boston City Hospital and served under Derek Denny-Brown. From 1956 to 1958 he was a research fellow studying muscle disease at the MIT Department of Biology.

Geschwind joined the Neurology Department of the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital in 1958, where he met Fred Quadfasel, chief of neurology for the department. At this time, his clinical interest in aphasia developed into his lifelong study of the neurological basis of language and higher cognitive functions. Quadfasel encouraged Geschwind to study classic texts of neurology from the 19th and early 20th century, exposing him to classic localizationist theory.

## Career

Geschwind became Chief of Neurology at the Boston VA Hospital in 1962, and an Associate Professor in Neurology at Boston University. Geschwind with Edith Kaplan established in the early 1960s at the Boston VA the Boston University Aphasia Research Center. The Aphasia Research Center would go on to become a pioneer in interdisciplinary aphasia research, including luminaries like Harold Goodglass. Geschwind ended his tenure as chief of neurology at the VA in 1966 and became Chair of the Department of Neurology at Boston University for 1966–68.

In 1969, he was chosen as Harvard Medical School's James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology, a position previously held by his old mentor, Derek Denny-Brown. At Harvard he continued to research aphasia and epilepsy, as well as dyslexias, the neuroanatomy of cerebral lateral asymmetries, and other areas of neurological dysfunction. Geschwind was noted for his inspirational teaching of medical students, residents, and fellows. He also supported an interdisciplinary approach to research. He significantly shaped the neurological climate in the US and Europe during his life, an influence which lives on in his students.

Geschwind is credited with coining the term behavioral neurology in the 1970s to describe the corpus of course material in the area of higher cortical functions starting to be presented at American Academy of Neurology meetings. He also credited with the discovery of Geschwind syndrome, which describes an interictal behavior pattern seen in some temporal lobe epileptics.

In later years, Geschwind worked with a number of neurologists to whose future research careers in behavioral neurology he gave significant direction; among these were Albert Galaburda, Kenneth Heilman, Elliott Ross, and David N. Caplan. He actively encouraged and supported interdisciplinary research.

Geschwind would remain at Harvard Medical School until his premature death on November 4, 1984, aged 58.

## Legacy

Several of his trainees went on to train other neurologists in behavioral neurology, including Albert Galaburda, D. Frank Benson, Antonio Damasio, Marsel Mesulam, Kenneth Heilman, and Elliott Ross.

The Norman Geschwind Award in Behavioral Neurology is presented through the American Academy of Neurology and the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology yearly in honor of Geschwind. The Norman Geschwind-Rodin Prize is a Swedish award for research in dyslexia.

Neurological eponyms include Geschwind syndrome and the Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis.

Geschwind's former trainees and colleagues collaborated on a book in his memory, and two of his nephews, Daniel Geschwind and Michael Geschwind, have become prominent in the field of neurology.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Norman Geschwind | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 8, 1926
New York City |
| Died | November 4, 1984(1984-11-04) (aged 58)
Boston |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Harvard Medical School |
| Known for | Behavioral neurology |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Neurology |
| Institutions | Boston City Hospital |
|  | |


title: Heroes Comics

abstract: Heroes Comics is a comic book store operating in London, Ontario, Canada. The store won a Harry Kremer comics retailer award at the 2013 Joe Shuster Awards ceremony.

text:
# Heroes Comics

**Heroes Comics** is a comic book store operating in London, Ontario, Canada. The store won a Harry Kremer comics retailer award at the 2013 Joe Shuster Awards ceremony.

## About the store

The store, which is the biggest comic book store in southwestern Ontario, is cited as one of the most successful current retail interests in London's downtown core area. Sixty percent of the store's sales comes from selling comic books, including mainstream, manga, alternative, graphic novels, and trade paperbacks. The next largest portion of sales comes from genre collectibles and toys such as action figures, which together account for 25% of sales. The final 15% of sales comes from sports cards.

The store's history dates back to 1991, when it was founded by the Robinson family. Ownership changed hands in 2000 when Brahm Wiseman, who was hired as an employee in 1998, took over the company. At the time of the takeover, the store had two outlets: one in the downtown core of the city and a smaller one in White Oaks Mall in the southern part of the city. Wiseman later closed the mall outlet, and in 2008, the remaining store moved to a nearby larger location at 186 Dundas Street. Furthermore, in defiance of the decline of retail businesses in the downtown core, Heroes renovated internally in 2016 to expand with a second floor of retail space in the back.

The city has an unusually large number of equivalent retailers in close proximity, due in part to the city's large post-secondary student population including students from the University of Western Ontario (whose main library includes a 10,000+ comic book collection in its materials). The competing comic book retailers and the London Public Library collaborate on Free Comic Book Day with local cross-promotions which has grown to become a major popular event for the city downtown's core.

In addition to its regular business operations, the business is committed to public affairs. The store is involved in organizations such as London Downtown Business Association and Mainstreet London. The store also participates individually with the London Public Library on events to encourage youth literacy through comics, such as Comic Jam, which is held during March Break. Furthermore, Wiseman has held lectures at the Thames Valley District School Board's professional development seminars about the use of the comics medium in education.

In 2013, the store was presented with the Harry Kremer Award for Outstanding Canadian Comic Book Retailer, as part of the Joe Shuster Awards in Toronto.

## InfoBox

Heroes Comics
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Retail |
| Headquarters | 186 Dundas Street
London, Ontario
N6A 1G7 |
| Number of locations | 1 |
| Area served | London, Ontario |
| Products | Comics, sports cards, toys |
| Owner | Brahm Wiseman |
| Website | https://heroescomics.ca/ |


title: Károly Hadaly

abstract: Károly Hadaly was a Hungarian mathematician. He studied at the University of Trnava, where he earned doctorates in philosophy and law. He was a professor of mathematics in Nagyszombat, in Győr, in Pécs, in Pozsony and in Budapest. From 1810 to 1831 he taught mathematics and physics in the Institutum geometricum.

text:
# Károly Hadaly

**Károly Hadaly** (1743, in Gúta, currently Kolárovo – 1834, in Pest) was a Hungarian mathematician. He studied at the University of Trnava, where he earned doctorates in philosophy and law. He was a professor of mathematics in Nagyszombat (currently Trnava), in Győr, in Pécs, in Pozsony (currently Bratislava) and in Budapest. From 1810 to 1831 he taught mathematics and physics in the Institutum geometricum.

## Works of Károly Hadaly

* Elementa hydrotechnica - Bratislava, 1783
* Ars delineandi, coloribusque localibus adumbrandi cadem - Győr, 1784
* Anfangsgründe der Mathematik - Bratislava, 1791
* Mechanica solidorum Budapest, 1808


title: Tower Hill State Park

abstract: Tower Hill State Park is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, which contains the reconstructed Helena Shot Tower. The original shot tower was completed in 1832 and manufactured lead shot until 1860. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The park abuts the Wisconsin River and is bordered by state-owned land comprising the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway.

text:
# Tower Hill State Park

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Shot Tower | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The base of the shot tower, where the shaft starts | |
|  | |
| Location | SE of Spring Green in Tower Hill State Park |
| Built | 1831–1833 |
| NRHP reference No. | 73000080 |
| Added to NRHP | April 3, 1973 |

**Tower Hill State Park** is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, which contains the reconstructed **Helena Shot Tower**. The original shot tower was completed in 1832 and manufactured lead shot until 1860. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The park abuts the Wisconsin River and is bordered by state-owned land comprising the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway.

## Natural history

The bluffs along the Wisconsin River are formed of Jordan Sandstone. The park lies within the Driftless Area, a region of the American Midwest that remained ice-free through three successive ice ages. In the 19th century the Wisconsin River flowed directly past the base of the bluffs. The river has since shifted slightly, and a stream known as Mill Creek marks the northern boundary of the park.

## History of the shot tower

Shot towers harness the effects of surface tension on liquids in free-fall, a technique developed in 1782. Molten lead can be poured through a strainer at the top of a tower or shaft. The droplets become spherical as they fall and cool in this shape during their descent. The pellets are caught in a water basin to break their fall and finish cooling.

In 1830 a businessman from Green Bay, Wisconsin, named Daniel Whitney was traveling along the Wisconsin River and recognized a sharp bluff near the town of Helena as a promising location for a shot tower. Lead deposits had recently been discovered in several locations around Iowa County. From the top of the bluff there was a 60-foot (18 m) sheer drop, below which the sandstone cliff sloped down to the riverbank, 180 feet (55 m) below the clifftop. Whitney formed the Wisconsin Shot Company with some other investors, and set his employee John Metcalf to oversee construction.

The 60-foot (18 m) cliff was a convenient headstart, but Metcalf needed someone to continue a shaft for the remaining 120 feet (37 m) to ground level. Access to the bottom of the shaft, where the lead shot would be collected, necessitated a 90-foot (27 m) horizontal tunnel. In 1831 Thomas B. Shaunce, a 22-year-old lead miner in Galena, Illinois, was hired for the task.

Shaunce worked mostly alone but received some assistance from a friend named Malcom Smith. They dug with pickaxes and a gad, using gunpowder to loosen the harder rock of the lower layers. Shaunce used a plumb-bob to ensure that he was keeping the shaft perfectly straight, and a windlass to haul out the broken rock. Shaunce calculated where to begin digging the horizontal tunnel by standing across the water and sighting with his rifle directly below the top of the shaft. He dug in from the riverbank, using a line of stakes to maintain his alignment. When he first broke through from the horizontal tunnel to the bottom of the shaft, a blast of air knocked Shaunce unconscious and collapsed one of his lungs.

The project took 187 working days, interrupted in the spring of 1832 when Shaunce and Smith both returned to Galena and enlisted in the Illinois Militia to fight in the Black Hawk War. Shaunce had been contracted to be paid $1000 for his work, but was ultimately offered land instead.

A smelting house was built at the top of the cliff, and the 60-foot (18 m) drop from there to the opening of Shaunce's tunnel was enclosed with a wooden shaft. A finishing house was built on the riverbank, where the shot was dried, graded, and sorted. This was joined by a warehouse and docks. In 1836 Whitney sold the property to a group of businessmen from New York for $10,000. Later Cadwallader C. Washburn and a business partner purchased the site. In 1852 they replaced the finishing house and installed steam-operated equipment, nearly doubling the operation's productivity. The shot tower was operated by a crew of six, producing between 600 and 800 pounds of quality shot per day. Miscast pieces were melted and reused. The finished shot, graded by size, was transported to Milwaukee and then shipped east.

Operations ceased in 1860 during an economic downturn, and the buildings and equipment were sold away. The village of Helena was abandoned soon after. Thomas Shaunce died around 1860 as well. Throughout his life he experienced respiratory trouble from the air blast in the tunnel, and felt he had been cheated of his proper payment.

Historians have noted that the Helena Shot Tower, which allowed a frontier resource to be shipped in a finished form, was significant in the settlement and prosperity of southwestern Wisconsin. The overland teamster route developed to transport the operation's output to the east evolved into a road and then a rail line. Returning wagon teams brought supplies and immigrants. Southwestern Wisconsin, once more closely tied to the Southern United States via the Mississippi River, built a population and culture closer to the northeast.

## Later history

In 1889 the site was purchased for $60 by the prominent Unitarian minister Jenkin Lloyd Jones, a member of a well-known Welsh-American family in the region. He created a recreational and educational retreat called the Tower Hill Pleasure Company, which provided outdoor recreation, visiting lecturers, books, and music. The retreat grew to include 25 cottages, as well as a dining pavilion, tennis courts, and other structures. One 1894 lecturer, a history professor, spent his free time excavating the shot tower's shaft and recovered several pieces of equipment which Lloyd Jones donated to the Wisconsin Historical Society. In 1911 Jones' nephew Frank Lloyd Wright began building his studio Taliesin on a neighboring hill.

After Lloyd Jones died in 1918 his wife Edith donated the site to the state, and Tower Hill State Park was officially created in 1922. The smelting house and wooden shaft were rebuilt between 1970 and 1971 by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Wisconsin Historical Society.

In 2006 parts of a horror film called *Witches' Night* were filmed within the state park.

## Recreation

Tower Hill State Park is open from May to October. Visitors can enter several historical structures. The smelting house contains exhibits about the construction and use of the shot tower. Structures remaining from the Tower Hill Pleasure Company include the pavilion (now the park's picnic shelter), a gazebo, and the foundation of a barn. There are two miles (3 km) of trails leading up to the tower and down to the riverbank, where visitors can enter the horizontal tunnel to the bottom of the shaft. There is a small campground with 15 campsites, drinking water, and pit toilets. Nearby attractions include Taliesin, the American Players Theatre, the House on the Rock, and Governor Dodge State Park.

## InfoBox

| Tower Hill State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
| The shot tower overlooking the Wisconsin River Valley | |
| Location of Tower Hill State Park in WisconsinTower Hill State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Iowa, Wisconsin, United States |
| Coordinates | 43°8′48″N 90°2′55″W / 43.14667°N 90.04861°W / 43.14667; -90.04861 |
| Area | 77 acres (31 ha) |
| Established | 1922 |
| Governing body | Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |


title: Hopleus

abstract:
In Greek mythology, Hopleus was the name of the following figures:
  - Hopleus, an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He and his brothers were the most nefarious and carefree of all people. To test them, Zeus visited them in the form of a peasant. These brothers mixed the entrails of a child into the god's meal, whereupon the enraged Zeus threw the meal over the table. Hopleus was killed, along with his brothers and their father, by a lightning bolt of the god.
  - Hopleus, a Thessalian prince as the son of Poseidon and princess Canace, daughter of King Aeolus of Aeolia. He was the brother of Aloeus, Epopeus, Nireus and Triopas.
  - Hopleus, one of the Lapiths who fought against the Centaurs.
  - Hopleus, a soldier in the army of the Seven against Thebes and a comrade of Tydeus. He was killed by Aepytus.

text:
# Hopleus

In Greek mythology, **Hopleus** (Ancient Greek: Ὁπλεύς) was the name of the following figures:

* Hopleus, an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He and his brothers were the most nefarious and carefree of all people. To test them, Zeus visited them in the form of a peasant. These brothers mixed the entrails of a child into the god's meal, whereupon the enraged Zeus threw the meal over the table. Hopleus was killed, along with his brothers and their father, by a lightning bolt of the god.
* Hopleus, a Thessalian prince as the son of Poseidon and princess Canace, daughter of King Aeolus of Aeolia. He was the brother of Aloeus, Epopeus, Nireus and Triopas.
* Hopleus, one of the Lapiths who fought against the Centaurs.
* Hopleus, a soldier in the army of the Seven against Thebes and a comrade of Tydeus. He was killed by Aepytus.

1. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, *Antiquitates Romanae* 1.13.1
2. Pausanias, 8.17.6
3. Apollodorus, 3.8.1
4. Apollodorus, 1.7.4
5. Hesiod, *Shield of Heracles* 180
6. Statius, *Thebaid* 8.726; 9.204 & 10.400
* Apollodorus, *The Library* with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
* Dionysus of Halicarnassus, *Roman Antiquities.* English translation by Earnest Cary in the Loeb Classical Library, 7 volumes. Harvard University Press, 1937-1950. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
* Dionysius of Halicarnassus, *Antiquitatum Romanarum quae supersunt*, *Vol I-IV*. . Karl Jacoby. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1885. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
* Hesiod, *Shield of Heracles* from *The Homeric Hymns and Homerica* with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
* Pausanias, *Description of Greece* with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Pausanias, *Graeciae Descriptio.* *3 vols*. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
* Publius Papinius Statius*, The Thebaid* translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
* Publius Papinius Statius, *The Thebaid. Vol I-II*. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.


title: Trixoscelis signifera

abstract: Trixoscelis signifera is a species of fly in the family Heleomyzidae.

text:
# Trixoscelis signifera

***Trixoscelis signifera*** is a species of fly in the family Heleomyzidae.

## InfoBox

| *Trixoscelis signifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Heleomyzidae |
| Genus: | *Trixoscelis* |
| Species: | ***T. signifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trixoscelis signifera***<br>(Melander, 1952) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Waku: Minaral a Minalay

abstract: Waku: Minaral a Minalay is the eighth studio album by Torres Strait Islander-born, Australian singer Christine Anu. The album was recorded in several places including Cairns, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands and the Solomon Islands and was originally scheduled for release on 19 July 2024 before being pushed back to 2 August 2024. Via a press release, Anu said the "waku" means "the mat". Anu said "You do everything in your life on that mat, and when you die, you're covered by it – like a blanket." Anu continued saying, "This album is about reconnecting with my grandfather as a young father back in post-World War II, in the Torres Strait region. I sing about a time from long ago... Waku: Minaral a Minalay creates a landscape, a picture, a soundscape of feeling like you were there listening to these songs when they were being made." The album includes songs written by Anu, her grandfather (Nadi) and her daughter (Zipporah). The album's title track was nominated for Song of the Year at the National Indigenous Music Awards 2024. On 27 July 2024, Anu released a mini-documentary of the sane name support the album. Anu will further promote the album with performances at Mt Isa Mines Indigenous Rodeo Championships Rock Concert on 8 August 2024, Cairns Festival on 23 August 2024, and North Australian Festival of Arts on 13 October 2024. At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best World Music Album.

text:
# Waku: Minaral a Minalay

***Waku: Minaral a Minalay*** is the eighth studio album by Torres Strait Islander-born, Australian singer Christine Anu. The album was recorded in several places including Cairns, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands and the Solomon Islands and was originally scheduled for release on 19 July 2024 before being pushed back to 2 August 2024.

Via a press release, Anu said the "waku" means "the mat". Anu said "You do everything in your life on that mat, and when you die, you're covered by it – like a blanket." Anu continued saying, "This album is about reconnecting with my grandfather as a young father back in post-World War II, in the Torres Strait region. I sing about a time from long ago... *Waku: Minaral a Minalay* creates a landscape, a picture, a soundscape of feeling like you were there listening to these songs when they were being made." The album includes songs written by Anu, her grandfather (Nadi) and her daughter (Zipporah).

The album's title track was nominated for Song of the Year at the National Indigenous Music Awards 2024.

On 27 July 2024, Anu released a mini-documentary of the sane name support the album.

Anu will further promote the album with performances at Mt Isa Mines Indigenous Rodeo Championships Rock Concert on 8 August 2024, Cairns Festival on 23 August 2024, and North Australian Festival of Arts on 13 October 2024.

At the 2024 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best World Music Album.

## Reception

Andrew Stafford from *The Guardian* said "*Waku* is a grownup, bilingual album by an artist in full command of her identity and artistry."

Greg Phillips from *Australian Musician* called the album "unquestionably, the most important work of Christine's three-decade career to date." *The Australian* called the album "stunning, stirring bilingual fusion."

## Track listing

*Waku: Minaral a Minalay* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Melawal" | Nadi Anu | 2:03 |
| 2. | "Koey Dhoerim" | N. Anu | 2:14 |
| 3. | "Waku: Minaral a Minalay" |  | 4:55 |
| 4. | "The Coming Monsoon" | * N. Anu * Bridie * Danazur Nadai | 3:49 |
| 5. | "Nur Nur" | * N. Anu * Bridie * Nadai | 3:21 |
| 6. | "Tobacco and Vicks" | * C. Anu * Bridie | 1:42 |
| 7. | "When It Rains" | Bridie | 2:48 |
| 8. | "Aukum of Saibai" | * C. Anu * Bridie | 4:24 |
| 9. | "My Popu Nadhi Anu" | * C. Anu * Bridie | 4:59 |
| 10. | "Laga Saibai" | N. Anu | 2:46 |
| 11. | "Dhibagaw Gabu" | Zipporah Corser Anu | 2:28 |
| 12. | "Sesku" | N. Anu | 0:42 |
| 13. | "The Crab and the Suckerfish (Gapu a Githalay)" | * C. Anu * Bridie | 3:37 |
| 14. | "Kole Kolele" | N. Anu | 1:32 |
| 15. | "Adhibuya" | * N. Anu * Bridie | 2:26 |
| 16. | "Ari Pudhiz" | Bridie | 3:45 |
| 17. | "Laga Wakemab" | N. Anu | 4:18 |
| Total length: | | | 51:57 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *Waku: Minaral a Minalay*
| Chart (2024) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Independent Albums (AIR) | 9 |

## InfoBox

| Waku: Minaral a Minalay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Christine Anu | |
| Released | 2 August 2024 |
| Venue | Cairns, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait Islands, Solomon Islands |
| Length | 51:57 |
| Label | ABC |
| Producer | David Bridie |
| Christine Anu chronology | |
| *ReStylin' Up 20 Years*
(2015) ***Waku: Minaral a Minalay***
(2024) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Waku: Minaral a Minalay* | |
| 1. "Waku: Minaral a Minalay"
Released: 24 May 2024 | |
|  | |


title: House at 9 Park Street

abstract: House at 9 Park Street is a historic house in Methuen, Massachusetts. According to the assessor's records the house at 9 Park Street was built in 1876 at a value of $950. A notice in the Methuen Transcript says local builder Albert Fales built an addition in 1880. according to an 1885 directory, the first owner was John W. Mann of Tompkins and Mann, 191 Essex Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts. Mrs. Mann still occupied the house as of 1906. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

text:
# House at 9 Park Street

**House at 9 Park Street** is a historic house in Methuen, Massachusetts.

According to the assessor's records the house at 9 Park Street was built in 1876 at a value of $950. A notice in the Methuen Transcript says local builder Albert Fales built an addition in 1880. according to an 1885 directory, the first owner was John W. Mann of Tompkins and Mann (paint and oil vendors), 191 Essex Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts. Mrs. Mann still occupied the house as of 1906.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| House at 9 Park Street | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 9 Park Street,<br>Methuen, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°43′35″N 71°11′6″W / 42.72639°N 71.18500°W / 42.72639; -71.18500 |
| Built | 1875 |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| MPS | Methuen MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84002384 |
| Added to NRHP | January 20, 1984 |


abstract: Perceived psychological contract violation (PPCV) is a construct that regards employees’ feelings of disappointment arising from their belief that their organization has broken its psychological contract of work-related promises, and is generally thought to be the organization's contribution to a negative reciprocity dynamic, as employees tend to perform more poorly to pay back PPCV.

text:
# Perceived psychological contract violation

**Perceived psychological contract violation** (**PPCV**) is a construct that regards employees’ feelings of disappointment (ranging from minor frustration to betrayal) arising from their belief that their organization has broken its psychological contract of work-related promises, and is generally thought to be the organization's contribution to a negative reciprocity dynamic, as employees tend to perform more poorly to pay back PPCV.

## Differentiation from perceived organizational support

Both PPCV and perceived organizational support (POS) are based on the norm of reciprocity. Both POS and PPCV are types of social exchanges and therefore involve implicit obligations, rather than economic exchanges, which involve explicit obligations. Perceived organizational support is focused on favorable treatment and the degree to which employees engage in positive reciprocity with the organization, whereas PPCV is focused on unfavorable treatment and the degree to which employees engage in negative reciprocity with the organization.

## Recent research

David R. Hekman and colleagues in 2009 found that professional employees (e.g. doctors, nurses, lawyers) were less likely to reciprocate PPCV when they strongly identified with the organization and weakly identified with the profession. Such workers' organizational identification and professional identification combined to alter the influence of PPCV on performance behaviors. The results suggested that PPCV had the most negative influence on professional employees' work performance when employees strongly identified with the profession and weakly identified with the organization.

## Measurement items

PPCV is typically measured with the four-item PPCV scale developed by Robinson & Morrison in 2000. This scale has been recommended by Freese and Chalk (2008) in their critical criteria-based reviews of all the different measures of the psychological contract. Respondents are asked to indicate the extent to which they agree with the following statements on a seven-point scale.

1. I feel a great deal of anger toward my organization.
2. I feel betrayed by my organization.
3. I feel that my organization has violated the contract between us.
4. I feel extremely frustrated by how I have been treated by my organization.

These "contract breach" items are less commonly used:

1. Almost all the promises made by my organization during my recruitment have been kept so far.
2. I feel that my organization has come through in fulfilling the promises made to me when I was hired.
3. So far my organization has done an excellent job of fulfilling its promises to me.
4. I have not received everything promised to me in exchange for my contributions.
5. My organization has broken many of its promises to me even though I've upheld my side of the deal.


title: Heroes Are Calling

abstract: "Heroes Are Calling" is a song by Swedish rock band Smash Into Pieces, released as a single on 2 March 2024. It was performed in Melodifestivalen 2024.

text:
# Heroes Are Calling

"**Heroes Are Calling**" is a song by Swedish rock band Smash Into Pieces, released as a single on 2 March 2024. It was performed in Melodifestivalen 2024.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Heroes Are Calling"
| Chart (2024) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 4 |

## InfoBox

| "Heroes Are Calling" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Smash Into Pieces | |
| Released | 2 March 2024 (2024-03-02) |
| Length | 2:59 |
| Label | Self-released |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Smash Into Pieces singles chronology | |
| "Trigger"
(2024) "**Heroes Are Calling**"
(2024) | |


title: Robert Kohaly

abstract: Robert Kohaly was a lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Souris-Estevan from 1953 to 1956 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative. He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick and grew up in Toronto, Winnipeg and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He served overseas with the South Saskatchewan Regiment during World War II and was wounded at Dieppe. After the war, Kohaly continued his studies at the University of Saskatchewan, receiving a law degree in 1950. He set up practice in Estevan. Kohaly was elected to the provincial assembly in a 1953 by-election held following the death of John Edward McCormack. After he was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1956, he returned to practising law. Kohaly served as president of the Saskatchewan branch and as national president of the Royal Canadian Legion.

text:
# Robert Kohaly

**Robert Kohaly** (July 9, 1921  October 24, 2001) was a lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Souris-Estevan from 1953 to 1956 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.

He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick and grew up in Toronto, Winnipeg and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He served overseas with the South Saskatchewan Regiment during World War II and was wounded at Dieppe. After the war, Kohaly continued his studies at the University of Saskatchewan, receiving a law degree in 1950. He set up practice in Estevan. Kohaly was elected to the provincial assembly in a 1953 by-election held following the death of John Edward McCormack. After he was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1956, he returned to practising law. Kohaly served as president of the Saskatchewan branch and as national president of the Royal Canadian Legion.


title: Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve

abstract: Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve, officially Tower Hill State Game Reserve, is a protected area located in the Australian state of Victoria, approximately 275 kilometres (171 mi) west of Melbourne, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of Warrnambool. It encompasses the dormant Tower Hill volcano and wetland and is 614 hectares in area. Established in 1892 as a national park, the land remained degraded until 1961, when it was declared a State Game Reserve and an extensive revegetation program was begun. It is now full of mature native vegetation and reintroduced native species, such as koalas, wallabies and possums. The Worn Gundidj Aboriginal Cooperative manages the park in partnership with Parks Victoria.

text:
# Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve

| Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Register of the National Estate | |
| Official name | Register of the National Estate |
| Designated | 30 June 1992 |
| Reference no. | 15250 |
|  | |
| Victorian Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Victorian Heritage Register |
| Designated | 8 March 2007 |
| Reference no. | VHR H2114 |
|  | |
|  | |

**Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve**, officially **Tower Hill State Game Reserve**, is a protected area located in the Australian state of Victoria, approximately 275 kilometres (171 mi) west of Melbourne, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of Warrnambool. It encompasses the dormant Tower Hill volcano and wetland and is 614 hectares (1,520 acres) in area.

Established in 1892 as a national park, the land remained degraded until 1961, when it was declared a State Game Reserve and an extensive revegetation program was begun. It is now full of mature native vegetation and reintroduced native species, such as koalas, wallabies and possums. The Worn Gundidj Aboriginal Cooperative manages the park in partnership with Parks Victoria.

## History

Aboriginal Australian kitchen middens at Tower Hill show 5000-year-old Tasmanian devil bones. Greenstone axe heads and other artefacts excavated from the tuff indicated that Aboriginal people were resident in the area when the volcano erupted, dated in 1990 as c.25,000 BP. However, it was reported in 2020 that new evidence, which had come to light by using a more sophisticated method of dating than previously, known as radiometric dating, showed that both Budj Bim and Tower Hill volcanoes erupted at least 34,000 years ago; moreover, based on the axe head found in 1947, people were in the area before those eruptions.

The local people were the Koroitgundidj, for whom the area was a valuable source of food. Their descendants still retain special links with this country.

After European settlement, much of the vegetation was cleared, and the land used for farming and quarrying. Tower Hill became Victoria's first national park in 1892, but degradation of the landscape and native wildlife habitats continued until it was declared a State Game Reserve in 1961, when a major revegetation program began. The program used an 1855 painting by Austrian-born artist Eugene von Guerard as a guide for re-planting appropriate species. By 1981, about 25,000 trees and shrubs had been planted, along with herbs, grasses and rushes, and native animals were reintroduced. Populations of koalas, grey kangaroos, wallabies, echidnas, brushtail and ringtail possums, sugar gliders and over 160 species of bird were successfully established in the 1980s, and are still there today.

The Tower Hill Visitor Centre, completed in 1969 and opened in 1970, located in the central complex of volcanic cones, is an important public building designed by Melbourne architect Robin Boyd. Partly constructed from local limestone, he described his structure as "a complete, one-piece, yet seemingly organic growth". Boyd was an avid conservationist and designed the building in harmony with nature, with the circular shape and sloping roof mirroring hilltops on the volcanic island.

### Naming

The origin of the English name, Tower Hill, is not certain. One source suggests that it arose in the 1840s owing to its resemblance to a castle, while another credits a sailor from Glasgow with "naming the site after Tower Hill in Scotland”.

## Description and governance

The reserve is about 275 kilometres (171 mi) west of Melbourne and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of Warrnambool. It includes the extinct Tower Hill volcano and wetland and is 614 hectares (1,520 acres) in area. While earlier part of the Shire of Koroit, immediately prior to 1994, it was an unincorporated area managed in conjunction with Lady Julia Percy Island. It then became part of Moyne Shire.

Since 2002, the Worn Gundidj Aboriginal Cooperative, whose staff includes descendants of the original inhabitants, has managed the Visitor Centre in partnership with Parks Victoria, providing information on the geology, flora, fauna and cultural heritage of the area through displays and guided bushwalking tours. In November 2019, it was reported that visitors taking the tours had doubled in the previous three years. There has been discussion about changing the status of Tower Hill from state game reserve to national park status, which would bring additional restrictions, but a change of title is necessary to qualify for extra grants. As of March 2020, Parks Victoria is developing a "business case for future government investment for the Tower Hill State Game Reserve (the reserve)".

The park attracts almost 300,000 visitors annually.

Despite protests as far back as 1958, shooting continues to be permitted in the reserve during the duck hunting season.

### Upgrade proposal

A masterplan published in September 2020 by the Victorian Government and put out to the community for consultation proposes expenditure of more than A$11 million on an upgrade of the infrastructure around the volcano, including the provision of accessible toilets and walking trails linking to Koroit and a nearby rail trail. The plan also includes "low impact accommodation" and a "restaurant with function space and wellness centre".

## Heritage and IUCN listings

The site is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register in 2007 and was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate in 1992.

The wildlife reserve is categorised as an IUCN Category VI protected area.

Media related to Tower Hill State Game Reserve at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve
Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) | |
| Tower Hill Visitor Centre | |
| Tower Hill Wildlife Reserve | |
| Nearest town or city | Warrnambool |
| Coordinates | 38°19′03″S 142°21′37″E / 38.3175554714354°S 142.360415384469°E / -38.3175554714354; 142.360415384469 |
| Established | 1892 |
| Area | 6.24 km2 (2.4 sq mi) |
| Managing authorities | Parks Victoria
Worn Gundidj Aboriginal Cooperative |
| See also | Protected areas of Victoria |


title: Hopleacanthus

abstract: Hopleacanthus is a Permian genus of shark from the Kupferschiefer of Germany.

text:
# Hopleacanthus

***Hopleacanthus*** is a Permian genus of shark from the Kupferschiefer of Germany.

1. Schaumberg, Günther (December 1982). "*Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis* n. g. n. sp., ein euselachier aus dem permischen kupferschiefer von hessen (w-deutschland)". *Paläontologische Zeitschrift*. **56** (3–4): 235–257. Bibcode:1982PalZ...56..235S. doi:10.1007/BF02988801. S2CID 128870189.

## Further reading

* M. Ginter, O. Hampe, and C. J. Duffin. 2010. Chondrichthyes, Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth. In H.P. Schultze (ed.), Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3D:1–168

## InfoBox

| *Hopleacanthus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Restoration | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Genus: | *Hopleacanthus*
Schaumberg, 1982 |
| Species: | ***H. richelsdorfensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis***
Schaumberg, 1982 | |
|


title: Villa Hidalgo, Durango

abstract: Villa Hidalgo is a town in the Mexican state of Durango. It serves as the head town of Hidalgo Municipality. As of 2010, the town had a population of 614.

text:
# Villa Hidalgo, Durango

**Villa Hidalgo** is a town in the Mexican state of Durango. It serves as the head town of Hidalgo Municipality. As of 2010, the town had a population of 614.

## History

Villa Hidalgo was originally **San Miguel de Cerrogordo** a Spanish frontier settlement in 1631, following the discovery of silver at Hidalgo del Parral. Later following the war with nearby Native American tribes in 1644, it became the site of the Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo that operated as a guard of the province of Nueva Vizcaya and of the traffic along El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro from Native American attacks from 1646 to 1767. Iglesia De San Miguel Arcangel in the town dates from the early 18th century.

26°14′55″N 104°54′52″W / 26.24861°N 104.91444°W / 26.24861; -104.91444

## InfoBox

| Villa Hidalgo | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal seat and city | |
| Villa HidalgoLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 26°16′N 104°54′W / 26.267°N 104.900°W / 26.267; -104.900 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Durango |
| Municipality | Hidalgo |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 614 |


title: Trichosandra

abstract:
Trichosandra is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Its native range is Mascarenes. Species:
  - Trichosandra borbonica Decne.

text:
# Trichosandra

***Trichosandra*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae.

Its native range is Mascarenes.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Trichosandra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | *Trichosandra*<br>Decne. |
|


title: Walden's Path

abstract: Walden's Path School is located in Hyderabad, India. It follows Cambridge IGCSE syllabi. The School is inspired by Jiddu Krishnamurti's Educational Philosophy.

text:
# Walden's Path

**Walden's Path School** is located in Hyderabad, India. It follows Cambridge IGCSE syllabi. The School is inspired by Jiddu Krishnamurti's Educational Philosophy.

## Philosophy

The school is inspired by Jiddu Krishnamurti's philosophy and his life work. Walden's Path is based on the notion that children need to be able to get to information following their own path, construct and create their own knowledge and paths.

## Learning Approach

Walden's Path School follows The Studio Approach with Science, Mathematics, Language and Literature. The School admits students in grades 1 and below. Walden's Path School developed an approach and methodology that enables children to discover multiple ways of solving problems in Mathematics and applying concepts in Science.

## Studio Based Learning

Walden's Path School follows Studio-Based Learning and is inspired by John Dewey's work and education philosophy. Unlike a lab that uses standardized procedures with set equipment to reproduce a protocol in order to obtain set outcomes, a Studio is a space that invigorates, inspires and provides an opportunity to create, construct and test objectives and hypotheses and analyse data.

## InfoBox

| Walden's Path School | |
| --- | --- |
| "Awakening Intelligence" | |
| Location | |
| Hyderabad, Telangana<br>India | |
| Information | |
| Type | Private School |
| Established | 2014 |
| Founder | Sunil Mayreddy |
| Website | www.waldenspath.com |


title: Howard Garrett

abstract: Howard Garrett, known as "the Dirt Doctor" is a radio talk show host and a leader of the Organic movement. He is a health activist, arborist, newspaper columnist and organic activist living in Dallas, Texas. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Park Administration and Landscape Architecture from Texas Tech University in 1969. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, Garrett worked at Club Corporation of America, where he was a laborer and assistant golf course superintendent. Garrett promotes natural organic programs and products. He opposes the use of synthetic fertilizers and toxic chemical pest control products, as well as criticizing some organic products that he believes do not work. He thinks that homeowners, nurseries and landscape companies underestimate the dangers of non-organic solutions, and consults with commercial properties wanting to convert to organic techniques. His philosophy is that the natural organic program works better - in every way. It, for example, save 40 -50% on irrigation. He has written about the plant-derived insecticide Pyrethrum, which is made from the painted daisy One of the common extra ingredients is PBO, which is a synthetic synergist that gives the basic insecticide more killing power. Garrett agrees with the viewpoint of the Journal of Pesticide Reform, which says that in laboratory tests, insecticides made from pyrethrum have: caused tumors in animals; increased the risk of leukemia; disrupted the normal function of sex steroids; and triggered allergic reactions including heart attack and asthma. Garrett has been the topic in numerous magazines and articles. He is the author of 15 books that range from organic gardening manuals and more technical guides for landscape professionals to texts about insect identification and selecting good quality trees and plants for specific regions in Texas. His design work appears around Texas and he has had a weekly radio show. Samples of his books can be found online in Google Scholar. Garrett runs a website giving information about his approach, and the Dirt Doctor sends out a weekly newsletter. Subscription is free.

text:
# Howard Garrett

**Howard Garrett**, known as "the Dirt Doctor" (born in Pittsburg, Texas, 1947) is a radio talk show host and a leader of the Organic movement. He is a health activist, arborist, newspaper columnist and organic activist living in Dallas, Texas. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Park Administration and Landscape Architecture from Texas Tech University in 1969. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, Garrett worked at Club Corporation of America, where he was a laborer and assistant golf course superintendent.

Garrett promotes natural organic programs and products. He opposes the use of synthetic fertilizers and toxic chemical pest control products, as well as criticizing some organic products that he believes do not work. He thinks that homeowners, nurseries and landscape companies underestimate the dangers of non-organic solutions, and consults with commercial properties wanting to convert to organic techniques. His philosophy is that the natural organic program works better - in every way. It, for example, save 40 -50% on irrigation.

He has written about the plant-derived insecticide Pyrethrum, which is made from the *painted daisy* (*Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium* or *Chrysanthemum coccineum* that contain pyrethrin organic compounds which are potent natural insecticides.) One of the common extra ingredients is PBO, which is a synthetic synergist that gives the basic insecticide more killing power. Garrett agrees with the viewpoint of the *Journal of Pesticide Reform*, which says that in laboratory tests, insecticides made from pyrethrum have: caused tumors in animals; increased the risk of leukemia; disrupted the normal function of sex steroids; and triggered allergic reactions including heart attack and asthma.

Garrett has been the topic in numerous magazines and articles. He is the author of 15 books that range from organic gardening manuals and more technical guides for landscape professionals to texts about insect identification and selecting good quality trees and plants for specific regions in Texas. His design work appears around Texas and he has had a weekly radio show. Samples of his books can be found online in Google Scholar.

Garrett runs a website giving information about his approach, and the Dirt Doctor sends out a weekly newsletter. Subscription is free.

## Bio

**Howard Garrett**

* Past member American Society of Landscape Architects – ASLA
* Arborist - International Society of Arboriculture – ISA.
* Nationally syndicated radio talk show host — Salem Radio Network,
* Columnist for the Dallas Morning News \- Organic Answers,
* Author of 15 books
* Chairman of Texas Organic Research Center (TORC) a 501(c)3 corporation,
* Past member of the Organic Advisory Board Texas Department of Agriculture
* Presenter of the Natural Organic Certification on-line TORC Course

## Books by Howard Garrett

* *Organic Manual* (Multiple revisions 2002 - 2016)
* *Texas Gardening the Natural Way: The Complete Handbook* (Revised February 2016)
* *Organic Lawn Care* (June 2014)
* *Organic Management for the Professional* (2012)
* *Plants for Houston and the Gulf Coast* (March 2008)
* *Texas Tree Book* October (2002)
* *Texas Herb Book* (January 2001)
* *Texas Bug Book* (March 1999)
* *Howard Garrett’s Texas Organic Gardening* (June 1998)
* *Organic Vegetable & Edible Landscaping* (October 1998)
* *The Dirt Doctor’s Guide to Organic Gardening* (1995)
* *Texas Organic Gardening Book* (1993)
* *J. Howard Garrett's Plants of Texas I.D. Swatcher* (1990)
* *Landscape Design - Texas Style* (October 1986)
* *Plants of the Metroplex*(Revised multiple times 1974 - 1998)

## InfoBox

| Howard Garrett | |
| --- | --- |
| Rescued pets Hannah,Tater(held),Carmen | |
| Born | (1947-04-17) April 17, 1947<br>Pittsburg, TX |


title: Nordic Bulk Carrier

abstract:
Nordic Bulk Carriers is a Danish shipping firm that operates large bulk carriers in northern waters.
The firm was founded in 2009 by Christian Bonfils and Mads Boye Petersen.
Bonfils resigned in January 2015, and the firm was acquired by Pangaea Logistics Solutions.

text:
# Nordic Bulk Carrier

**Nordic Bulk Carriers** is a Danish shipping firm that operates large bulk carriers in northern waters. The firm was founded in 2009 by Christian Bonfils and Mads Boye Petersen. Bonfils resigned in January 2015, and the firm was acquired by Pangaea Logistics Solutions.

## Firsts

According to *The Globe and Mail*, in 2010 the firm became the first non-Russian firm to send cargo vessels through Russia's Northern Sea Route.

In 2013 the firm's *Nordic Orion* was the first to carry coal from Canada's west coast, through the Northwest Passage, to Europe.

Their Panamax vessel, the *Nordic Odin* was the first vessel to carry iron ore from the large Baffinland Iron Mine through sea ice in August 2015.


title: Niccolò Paccanari

abstract: Niccolò Paccanari was an Italian Catholic priest and the founder of the Society of the Faith of Jesus.

text:
# Niccolò Paccanari

**Niccolò Paccanari** (1773 – c.1811) was an Italian Catholic priest and the founder of the Society of the Faith of Jesus.

## Early life

Paccanari was born in 1773 in Borgo Valsugana, Trentino. In his youth, he had little formal education; he became a soldier and was engaged in business.

## Religious life

In 1795, he became gravely ill and spent 14 months in prayer and recuperation with a confraternity at the Oratory of San Francesco Saverio del Caravita in Rome. At the end of this period, Paccanari established a religious congregation called the Society of the Faith of Jesus on 15 August 1797, whose purpose was to continue as the successor of the Society of Jesus, which had been suppressed by the pope. His four confrères elected him as the first superior of the new congregation. In 1798, Paccanari founded a novitiate for the congregation in Spoleto, Umbria.

Paccanari was jailed three times in Castel Sant'Angelo during the short-lived Roman Republic. In 1800, he was ordained a priest. As the congregation grew to more than 100 individuals across Europe, the members became dissatisfied with Paccanari, who they accused of being ambitious and materialistic.

## Prison life

As internal strife grew, Paccanari was investigated by the Roman Inquisition, which found him guilty and sentenced him to 10 years in prison in August 1808. However, Paccanari was released from prison in 1809 by the French occupiers of Rome. The following year, he again spent time in prison for another offense.

## Death

It is not certain when or how Paccanari died. In 1811, a decapitated body was found in the Tiber River in Rome, which was identified as his.

### Citations

### Sources

## Further reading

* Fontana Castelli, Eva (2007). *La "Compagnia di Gesù sotto altro nome": Niccolò Paccanari e la Compagnia della fede di Gesù (1797–1814)* \[*The "Society of Jesus Under Another Name": Niccolò Paccanari and the Society of the Faith of Jesus (1797–1814)*\]. Bibliotheca Instituti Historici Societatis Iesu (in Italian). Vol. 62. Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu. ISBN 9788870413625.

## InfoBox

| The ReverendNiccolò Paccanari | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1773
Borgo Valsugana, Trentino, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | c.1811 (aged 3738)
Rome, Papal States |
| Known for | Founding the Society of the Faith of Jesus |
|  | |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1800 |
|  | |


title: Robert Brown (Georgia politician)

abstract: Robert Lofton Brown was a Democratic member of the Georgia State Senate, representing the 26th District. He was first elected in an August 1991 special election and held office until June 2011. He was elected by his fellow Democrats as minority leader in 2004 and held that position until he resigned to run for mayor of Macon, Georgia.

text:
# Robert Brown (Georgia politician)

**Robert Lofton Brown** (January 30, 1950 – December 8, 2011) was a Democratic member of the Georgia State Senate, representing the 26th District. He was first elected in an August 1991 special election and held office until June 2011. He was elected by his fellow Democrats as minority leader in 2004 and held that position until he resigned to run for mayor of Macon, Georgia.

## Life and career

Brown was born in Greenville, Georgia. He attended Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, earning his B.S. in Sociology and Christianity.

During the 1970s and 80s, Brown was involved in education policy reform for Georgia, South Carolina, and the southeastern United States. From 1971 to 1980, Brown served as a program associate and then as associate regional director of the American Friends Service Committee. Then, from 1980 to 1985, Brown served as Director of the Southeastern Public Education Program (SEPEP).

Brown was first elected in 1984 to the Bibb County Schools Board of Education. On June 14, 1991, Brown resigned from his position on the Board to campaign for the Georgia State Senate.

Brown was the first Black person to represent Bibb County in the Senate since Reconstruction, and he served in the Georgia State Senate for 20 years. Throughout his career, Brown was an advocate for education and the arts, such as with his advocacy for the preservation of the historic Douglass Theatre in downtown Macon, Georgia.

## Death

On December 8, 2011, Brown's body was found in his Macon home. The local coroner revealed that he died from what appeared to be a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his head.

## InfoBox

| Robert Brown | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Georgia Senate
from the 26th district | |
| **In office**
August 1991  June 2011 | |
| Succeeded by | Miriam Paris |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1950-01-30)January 30, 1950
Greenville, Georgia |
| Died | December 8, 2011(2011-12-08) (aged 61)
Macon, Georgia |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Occupation | Businessman |
|  | |


title: Tragocephala

abstract: Tragocephala is a genus of flat-faced longhorn beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

text:
# Tragocephala

***Tragocephala*** is a genus of flat-faced longhorn beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Tragocephala* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Museum specimen of *Tragocephala variegata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Tragocephalini |
| Genus: | *Tragocephala*<br>Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 |
|