title: Nick Ruth

abstract: Nick Ruth is an American record producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He has produced and written for artists such as Kelly Clarkson, Nick Jonas, Ellie Goulding, Wiz Khalifa, Carly Rae Jepsen, Andy Grammer, Mikky Ekko, and more.

text:
# Nick Ruth

**Nick Ruth** is an American record producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He has produced and written for artists such as Kelly Clarkson, Nick Jonas, Ellie Goulding, Wiz Khalifa, Carly Rae Jepsen, Andy Grammer, Mikky Ekko, and more.

## Discography

| Year | Artist | Title | Label | Role |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Lexi Jayde | "you just wanted sex (demo)" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Bakar | "All Night" | Black Butter Limited | Co-writer |
| | Elliot Greer | "I Bought a Honda" | Arista Records | Co-producer |
| | Rowan Drake | "Haunt Me" | Atlantic Records | Co-writer, producer |
| | Lauren Spencer Smith | "That Part" | Island Records | Co-producer |
| | Lauren Spencer Smith | "Fantasy (With GAYLE and Em Beihold)" | Island Records | Co-producer |
| 2022 | John K | "Be Alright" | Epic Records | Co-writer, producer |
| | Thomas Day | "The End" | Arista Records | Co-writer, producer |
| | Olivia O'Brien | "Never Be The One" | Island Records | Co-writer, Producer |
| | Leah Kate | "Alive and Unwell" | 10K Projects | Co-writer, Co-producer |
| | The Monroes | "Right At Home" | The Bakery | Co-writer, Co-producer |
| | Thomas Day | "Not My Job Anymore" | Arista Records | Co-writer, Producer |
| | Lauren Spencer Smith | “Flowers - Guitar Version" | Island Records | Producer |
| | Lexi Jayde | "self sabotage" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Lexi Jayde | "hate to be you" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Lexi Jayde | "drunk text me" | APG | Co-writer, co-producer |
| 2021 | OCTAVIO the Dweeb | "We're All Falling Apart" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Patrick Droney | "Like The Water" | Warner Records | Co-writer |
| | Lexi Jayde | "walkin away" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | OCTAVIO the Dweeb | "Nights Like This" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Royal & The Serpent | *searching for nirvana* ("i am") | Atlantic Records | Co-writer, co-producer |
| | JP Saxe | *Dangerous Levels of Introspection* ("For Emilee") | Arista Records | Co-writer, co-producer |
| | OCTAVIO the Dweeb | "Slow Drag" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Anderson East | "Drugs" | A Low Country Sound / Elektra Records | Co-writer |
| | OCTAVIO the Dweeb | "Someday I'll Be Happy" | APG | Co-writer, producer |
| | Emmit Fenn | *Far From Here* ("Far From Here", "Edge Of The Dark", "Colors", "Light That Shines Through", "Closer To You", "Where I Went Wrong", "Until We Leave The Ground", "We Could Have It All", "The Table", "Moving On") | TH3RD BRAIN Records LLC | Co-producer |
| | Zak Abel | "Be Kind" | Universal Music GmbH | Co-writer, producer |
| 2020 | John K | *love + everything else* ("learning how to love", "cheap sunglasses", "happiness") | Epic Records | Co-writer, producer |
| 2019 | Fitz and the Tantrums | *All The Feels* ("Ready or Not") | Elektra Records | Co-writer |
| | Andy Grammer | "My Own Hero" | S-Curve | Writer, Producer |
| | James TW | *Chapters* ("You & Me", "Incredible", "Happy For Me", "Boys & Girls", "Big Picture", "Suitcase", "My Somebody", "If I Didn't Tell You", "Right Into Your Love") | Island Records | Producer |
| | Johnny Orlando | "Deep Down" | Island Records | Writer, Producer |
| | Frenship | "Keep You Close" | Columbia Records | Writer, Producer |
| 2018 | Joseph Angel | "Shame" | Roc Nation | Producer |
| | | "Smile" | | |
| | J Hart | "Put It To Bed" | -- | Writer, producer |
| 2017 | Steve Angello | *Human* ("Break Me Down") | Size Records | Writer |
| | Kelly Clarkson | *Meaning of Life* ("Move You", "Slow Dance") | Atlantic Records | Writer, producer |
| | Olivia O'Brien | "Empty" | Island Records | Writer |
| | Andy Grammer | *The Good Parts* ("Always") | S-Curve Records | Writer, producer |
| | Erik Hassle | *Innocence Lost* ("Pathetic") | TEN Music Group | Writer, producer |
| | Emily Warren | "Poking Holes," "Hurt By You" | -- | Writer, producer |
| | Kita Alexander | *Hotel* ("Damage Done") | Warner Music Australia | Writer |
| | Milck | *Quiet* | Atlantic Records | Producer |
| 2016 | Carly Rae Jepsen | *E•MO•TION* ("Cry") | 604, School Boy, Interscope | Writer, producer |
| | Elliphant | *Living Life Golden* ("Thing Called Life") | TEN, Kemosabe | Writer, producer |
| | James TW | *First Impressions* ("Please Keep Loving Me," "For You," "When You Love Someone) | Island Records | Producer |
| | Billy Gilman | *The Voice Complete Season 11 Collection* ("Because of Me") | Republic Records | Writer, producer |
| | Frenship | *Truce - EP* ("1000 Nights") | Columbia Records | Writer, producer |
| 2015 | Mikky Ekko | *Time* ("Made of Light") | RCA Records | Writer, producer |
| | Aqualung | *10 Futures* ("Everything") | Golden Section Recordings | Writer |
| | Night Terrors of 1927 | *Everything's Coming Up Roses* ("Dust and Bones," "Running in Place," "Always Take You Back") | Atlantic Records | Writer, producer |
| | James TW | "Black and Blue" | Island Records | Producer |
| | Frenship w/ Matoma | "Knives" | Columbia Records | Writer |
| 2014 | Nick Jonas | *Nick Jonas* ("I Want You") | Island Records | Writer, producer |
| | Zara Larsson | ("Rooftop") | TEN, Epic, Sony | Writer, producer |
| | Wiz Khalifa | *Blacc Hollywood* ("Stayin Out All Night") | Rostrum, Atlantic | Writer, producer |
| | Erik Hassle | *Somebody's Party* ("Pathetic") | TEN, RCA | Writer, producer |
| 2013 | Active Child | *Rapor* ("Silhouette" featuring Ellie Goulding) | Vagrant Records | Producer |
| | Mikky Ekko | The Hunger Games: Catching Fire – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ("Place For Us") | Republic, Mercury | Writer, producer |
|

## InfoBox

| Nick Ruth | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Record producer * songwriter |
| Years active | 2013–present |


title: Northampton, Suffolk County, New York

abstract: Northampton is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States on Long Island. The CDP population was 570 at the 2010 census. Northampton is in the Town of Southampton. The Eastern Campus of Suffolk County Community College is located in Northampton.

text:
# Northampton, Suffolk County, New York

**Northampton** (/ˈnɔːrθæmptən, -ɔːrðæ-/ *NOR-thamp-tən, -dhamp-*) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States on Long Island. The CDP population was 570 at the 2010 census.

Northampton is in the Town of Southampton. The Eastern Campus of Suffolk County Community College is located in Northampton.

## Geography

Northampton is at 40°52′47″N 72°41′49″W / 40.87972°N 72.69694°W / 40.87972; -72.69694 (40.879853, -72.696948).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.7 square miles (30.2 km2), of which 11.5 square miles (29.9 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km2), or 0.86%, is water.

The CDP was created for the 2000 census and includes part of the former village of Pine Valley, which disincorporated in 1991.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 763 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Demographics of the CDP

As of the census of 2000, there were 468 people, 158 households, and 121 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 51.6 inhabitants per square mile (19.9/km2). There were 205 housing units at an average density of 22.6 per square mile (8.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 46.37% White, 44.23% African American, 0.85% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 2.35% from other races, and 5.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.33% of the population.

There were 158 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 20.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.31.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,500, and the median income for a family was $35,893. Males had a median income of $32,292 versus $30,956 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,660. About 6.6% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Northampton, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet and census-designated place | |
| Northampton sign on CR 51. | |
| U.S. Census map | |
| NorthamptonLocation within the state of New York | |
| Coordinates: 40°52′47″N 72°41′49″W / 40.87972°N 72.69694°W / 40.87972; -72.69694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Suffolk |
| Town | Southampton |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.47 sq mi (29.70 km2) |
| Land | 11.37 sq mi (29.44 km2) |
| Water | 0.10 sq mi (0.26 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 763 |
| Density | 67.12/sq mi (25.91/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 36-51418 |


title: Roberto Formigoni

abstract: Roberto Formigoni is an Italian politician. He was the president of Lombardy from 1995 to 2013. He is the former unofficial political spokesperson of the Communion and Liberation movement. On 21 February 2019, the Supreme Court of Cassation, the highest court in Italy, found him guilty of corruption and sentenced him to a definitive jail term of 5 years and 10 months. As a result, he was detained in the prison of Bollate, near Milan, for a few months in 2019 before getting house arrest. He was released in November 2023.

text:
# Roberto Formigoni

**Roberto Formigoni** (born 30 March 1947) is an Italian politician. He was the president of Lombardy from 1995 to 2013. He is the former unofficial political spokesperson of the Communion and Liberation movement. On 21 February 2019, the Supreme Court of Cassation, the highest court in Italy, found him guilty of corruption and sentenced him to a definitive jail term of 5 years and 10 months. As a result, he was detained in the prison of Bollate, near Milan, for a few months in 2019 before getting house arrest. He was released in November 2023.

## Career

Born in Lecco in the Lombardy region, Formigoni began his political career early in Christian Democracy through youth movements, such as *Gioventù Studentesca* and Communion and Liberation, of which he became the unofficial political spokesman. In 1976, he founded the Popular Movement and was elected a deputy in both the European Parliament (with over 450,000 votes) and Italian Parliament. He was also the vice-president of the European Parliament for five years and served as undersecretary of state for the Ministry of the Environment in the Italian government.

In 1990, Formigoni garnered attention when he was involved in a mission to Iraq that successfully concluded with the freeing of some Italian technicians who were hostages of the local government. He later took part in the oil-for-food programme for Iraq, buying 1,000,000 oil barrels (160,000 cubic metres). The move sparked controversy and linked him to alleged bribe scandals. In 1995, he and Rocco Buttiglione founded the United Christian Democrats party. In 1998, he moved to Forza Italia, when Buttiglione briefly decided to support the government of Massimo D'Alema.

In 1995, Formigoni was elected president of Lombardy. Leftist groups opposed his centre-right platform. Formigoni was re-elected in 2000 carrying over 62% of the approximately 3.5 million votes, and in 2005 with almost 54% of the approximately 2.8 million votes. He was elected to a fourth term in March 2010 with 56% of the approximately 2.7 million votes. His candidature had been contested by academics and left-wing politicians, as in disregard of Law no. 165/2004, which put a limit of two consecutive mandates to directly elected regional presidents. Formigoni was indirectly elected in 1995 but then directly elected in 2000 and 2005. He defended himself, stating that the law was not in vigour when he was first directly elected in 2000, so he should be allowed a fourth mandate. According to some scholars, his mandate could have been overturned by judges later on.

## Controversies

Formigoni candidated the Italian showgirl Nicole Minetti and dental hygienist of the former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, who asked for a political seat for her, and this was contested by Italian newspapers. On 16 October 2012, Formigoni announced the dissolution of the regional legislature after one of his commissioners, Domenico Zambetti of the People of Freedom, was arrested on accusations he bought votes from the 'Ndrangheta in 2010 and extorted favours and public building contracts, including construction tenders for the World Expo 2015 in Milan.

## Italian court sentences against Formigoni

### 2000s: Bribery and environmental pollution

In 2002, Formigoni was judged for bribery due the landfill in Cerro Maggiore. In December 2009, Formigoni was tried illegal environmental pollution.

### 2010s: Freemasonry, criminal association, and defamatory behavior against Italian judges

Formigoni was interrogated by Italian Court in Rome due the Propaganda Due (P2) Freemasonry group. In July 2012, he was sentenced to 1 year of imprisonment due defamation. In January 2014, he was convicted of defaming the Italian judge, Alfredo Robledo.

On 25 July 2012, Formigoni was convicted of bribery by Italian courts. On 12 February 2013, he was investigated due criminal group activities. On 3 March 2014, Formigoni was convicted for criminal association activities and bribery. On 15 April 2016, the prosecution asked to sentence Formigoni to 9 years of prison and described him as a "boss of criminal group" due his tactical bribery attitudes that lasted more than 10 years while he managed more than 70 million euro public money.

## InfoBox

| Roberto Formigoni | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 8th President of Lombardy | |
| **In office**
27 June 1995  18 March 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Paolo Arrigoni |
| Succeeded by | Roberto Maroni |
| Member of the Senate of the Republic | |
| **In office**
15 March 2013  22 March 2018 | |
| Constituency | Lombardy |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| **In office**
2 July 1987  27 June 1995 | |
| Constituency | Milan |
| Member of the European Parliament for North-West Italy | |
| **In office**
24 July 1984  6 May 1993 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-03-30) 30 March 1947
Lecco, Italy |
| Political party | Ncl (since 2017) |
| Other political
affiliations | DC (1973–1994)
PPI (1994–1995)
CDU (1995–1998)
CDL (1998–2001)
FI (2001–2009)
PdL (2009–2013)
NCD (2013–2017)
AP (2017) |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Residence | Milan |
| Alma mater | Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore |
| Profession | Politician, Communion and Liberation movement's former unofficial political spokesman |
|  | |


title: Travel III

abstract: Travel III EP is the sixth album by the Christian rock band Future of Forestry, and the third in the "Travel Series." The recording of the album “officially” started on February 11. It was released on June 29, 2010. Frontman Eric Owyoung wrote all of the songs for this EP and his wife, Tamara Owyoung, painted the cover art for the album. The band subsequently departed on what was called "The 3 Tour" to go along with the release. The tour was self-booked and took place in the West and Midwest regions of the United States starting on June 27, 2010 and ending on July 13, 2010.

text:
# Travel III

***Travel III EP*** is the sixth album by the Christian rock band Future of Forestry, and the third in the "Travel Series." The recording of the album “officially” started on February 11. It was released on June 29, 2010. Frontman Eric Owyoung wrote all of the songs for this EP and his wife, Tamara Owyoung, painted the cover art for the album. The band subsequently departed on what was called "The 3 Tour" to go along with the release. The tour was self-booked and took place in the West and Midwest regions of the United States starting on June 27, 2010 and ending on July 13, 2010.

## Track listing

The names (and respective order) of the songs were released on the band's Myspace page leading up to the release of the CD, as they did for the rest of the Travel Series EPs. However, on Travel III, for the first time, Future of Forestry released the tracks out-of-order.

1. "Bold and Underlined" - 4:04
2. "Working to Be Loved" - 3:48
3. "Did You Lose Yourself" - 4:47
4. "Protection" - 4:14
5. "Horizon Rainfall" - 2:53
6. "Your Day's Not Over" - 5:00

## Awards

The album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock Album of the Year at the 42nd GMA Dove Awards.

## InfoBox

| Travel III EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Future of Forestry | |
| Released | June 29, 2010 (2010-06-29) |
| Recorded | 2010 |
| Genre | Alternative rock, Christian Rock |
| Label | Credential Recordings |
| Producer | Eric Owyoung |
| Future of Forestry chronology | |
| *Travel II EP*
(2009) ***Travel III EP***
(2010) *Advent: Christmas EP Volume 2*
(2010) | |


title: Muriel Gahan

abstract: Muriel Françoise Gahan was an Irish rural campaigner and a promoter of traditional crafts and of the cooperative movement. She commissioned the first adult Aran jumper, launched the Irish Homespun Society and helped lead the Irish Country Markets co-operative for decades. A founding member of Ireland's Arts Council, Gahan played significant roles in the Irish Countrywomen's Association and other bodies. She was the first female vice-president of the Royal Dublin Society and received an honorary doctorate from Trinity College Dublin and the Plunkett Award for Cooperative Endeavour.

text:
# Muriel Gahan

Muriel Françoise Gahan (27 October 1897  12 July 1995) was an Irish rural campaigner and a promoter of traditional crafts and of the cooperative movement. She commissioned the first adult Aran jumper, launched the Irish Homespun Society and helped lead the Irish Country Markets co-operative for decades. A founding member of Ireland's Arts Council, Gahan played significant roles in the Irish Countrywomen's Association and other bodies. She was the first female vice-president of the Royal Dublin Society and received an honorary doctorate from Trinity College Dublin and the Plunkett Award for Cooperative Endeavour.

## Early life

Winifred Muriel Françoise Gahan was born in Magherabeg House, near Donegal town, County Donegal on 27 October 1897. Her parents were Winifred (née Waters) and Fredrick George Townsend Gahan. Her father was a civil engineer with the Congested Districts Board and her mother was originally from Cambridgeshire and had been employed as a governess. She had at least one sister and four brothers. The family moved to Castlebar, County Mayo in 1900. Travelling around Mayo with her father for his work gave Gahan an insight into the depths of rural poverty which existed in communities.

Gahan was educated at home under the care of a governess and later attended a girls' school St Winifred's, in Llanfairfechan, Wales. She returned to Ireland in 1914 to attend Alexandra College until 1916. Whilst there she met her lifelong friend and collaborator Olivia Cruikshank, later Hughes. Gahan also played field hockey for Maids of the Mountain. The family lived in Rathmines, Dublin for a time, but returned to Castlebar in 1919. When her father retired in 1926, Gahan returned to Dublin.

## Career

In 1927 Gahan started her career as a painter and decorator with the Modern Decorator, an all-female firm. Through this work first came into contact with the United Irishwomen, a group founded in 1910 and which Gahan joined in 1929 when her friend Hughes invited her to paint the group's stand for the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) spring show. Gahan left her job in 1930 and along with other United Irishwomen opened a sales depot in Dublin, called the Country Shop, for the work of isolated rural craft workers who were unable to achieve proper prices for their work. Vawn Corrigan credits Gahan with the introduction of the adult Aran jumper as we know it today when she commissioned the first one in 1932. In 1935 the United Irishwomen changed their name to the Irish Countrywomen's Association (ICA). Through the ICA, Gahan met Lucy Franks, Mainie Jellett, and Vida Lentaigne.

In 1935 she launched the Irish Homespun Society in an effort to preserve some of the country's traditions, and was elected chair of the group in 1941. Exhibitions were held at the annual Dublin Spring Show. She was heavily involved in Irish Country Markets Ltd from 1946, a cooperative society marketing crafts and produce, serving as chairwoman until 1975. She was a member of the RDS from 1946, and served on its industries, art, and general purposes committee in 1948. She was among the founding members of the Arts Council in 1951, and was appointed to the council of the Arts and Crafts Society of Ireland and to the National Savings Committee in 1956. Corrigan believes that the confidence and sense of self-worth observable in the Irish Craft scene are part of Gahan's legacy.

Gahan advocated for the teaching of crafts in Ireland, and was successful in lobbying the National College of Art and Design to found a school of weaving. She was central to the ICA's securing funds from the Kellogg Foundation of America for An Grianán, a residential training college at Termonfeckin, County Louth. The college opened in 1954. She was awarded an honorary life membership of the ICA, in recognition of her work, in 1965. In 1974 she received the Allied Irish Banks Community Development Award, in 1978 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from Trinity College Dublin, and in 1984 she received the Plunkett Award for Cooperative Endeavour. She became the first female vice-president of the RDS in 1976.

## Death and legacy

Gahan retired from the ICA in 1992, and lived in Shankill, Dublin. She later moved to Ballsbridge, into St Mary's nursing home. She died there on 12 July 1995. A portrait of Gahan, painted by Edward McGuire, hangs in the council chamber of the RDS.

On 7 April 2011, The Muriel Gahan Museum of Irish History was opened at An Grianán. The museum is now home to many items of Irish history, craft and culture. The Muriel Gahan Scholarship of two thousand Euro is awarded annually at the RDS national crafts competition.

## Further reading

* *Gahan, Muriel*, Anne O'Dowd, in *The Encyclopaedia of Ireland*, pp. 424–25, Dublin, 2003.

## InfoBox

| Muriel Gahan | |
| --- | --- |
| fair use image | |
| Born | Winifred Muriel Françoise Gahan
(1897-10-27)27 October 1897
Magherabeg House, County Donegal, Ireland |
| Died | 12 July 1995(1995-07-12) (aged 97)
Ballsbridge, Dublin |
| Nationality | Irish |


title: Hubley Township, Pennsylvania

abstract: Hubley Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 865 at the 2010 census, an increase of a little more than 1% from the previous census in 2010.

text:
# Hubley Township, Pennsylvania

**Hubley Township** is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 865 at the 2010 census, an increase of a little more than 1% from the previous census in 2010.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 13.1 square miles (34 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 854 |  |  |
| 2020 | 865 |  | 1.3% |
| 2021 (est.) | 870 |  | 0.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

At the 2000 census there were 889 people, 345 households, and 260 families living in the township. The population density was 68.0 inhabitants per square mile (26.3/km2). There were 369 housing units at an average density of 28.2 per square mile (10.9/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.21% White, 0.22% African American, 0.11% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 0.11% from other races, and 0.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.12%.

Of the 345 households 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 21.2% of households were one person and 11.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.98.

The age distribution was 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median household income was $41,250 and the median family income was $46,538. Males had a median income of $32,734 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,377. About 4.2% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

1. "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
2. Bureau, US Census. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020—2021". *Census.gov*. US Census Bureau. Retrieved August 1, 2022. `{{cite web}}`: `|last1=` has generic name (help)
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

40°37′00″N 76°37′59″W / 40.61667°N 76.63306°W / 40.61667; -76.63306

## InfoBox

| Hubley Township, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Farm on Schwenks Road, Hubley Township. | |
| Map of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania Highlighting Hubley Township | |
| Map of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Schuylkill |
| Settled | 1804 |
| Incorporated | 1853 |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.32 sq mi (34.51 km2) |
| Land | 13.32 sq mi (34.51 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 865 |
| Estimate (2021) | 870 |
| Density | 63.57/sq mi (24.55/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 42-107-36072 |


title: Middle Ground Rock

abstract: Middle Ground Rock is a submerged kelp-covered rock lying 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) east of Framnaes Point, in the middle of the entrance of Stromness Bay, South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. The name appears to be first used on a 1952 British Admiralty chart.

text:
# Middle Ground Rock

**Middle Ground Rock** (54°8′S 36°36′W / 54.133°S 36.600°W / -54.133; -36.600) is a submerged kelp-covered rock lying 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) east of Framnaes Point, in the middle of the entrance of Stromness Bay, South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. The name appears to be first used on a 1952 British Admiralty chart.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Middle Ground Rock". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Peter Gammond

abstract: Peter Gammond was a British music critic, writer, journalist, musician, poet, and artist. Peter Gammond was born in Winnington, Northwich, Cheshire. The son of John Thomas Gammond (1892–1970), a clerk, and Margaret Heald (1898–1985), Gammond inherited his musical interests from his father, who was a skilful and well-known amateur cellist and instrument repairer. After early preparatory school in Weaverham, where he lived from 1930 to 1950, he was educated at Sir John Deane's Grammar School, where he attained distinctions in English and Art in the Higher School Certificate examinations. He won a scholarship to Manchester College of Art, having at the time an ambition to be a cartoonist, but at the age of 18 in 1943 was called up and served in the Royal Armoured Corps as a tank driver mainly in the Far East and India, ending with the 25th Dragoons, which was involved in the Hindu-Muslim conflict prior to Indian independence in 1947. Upon returning to civilian life in 1947 Gammond continued his studies at Wadham College, Oxford, until 1950, where he read English. While at Oxford, he became well known in literary circles as a poet, appearing in three editions of Oxford Poetry, and as a cartoonist and writer with Cherwell. As poetry editor of the university magazine, The ISIS, Gammond worked under editors R. J. Harvey, Alan Brien, Robert Robinson, and Derrick Cooper. Gammond appeared in Oxford Viewpoint, where a study of his poetry by Irving Wardle was also published. During his time at Oxford, he composed and produced an operetta, Love and Learning, and played trombone in a university jazz band led by John Postgate. On leaving Oxford, Gammond worked for a time in a West Country pub and as a rates assessor in Willesden, before joining the publicity department of the Decca Record Company in 1952, as an editor and sleeve-note writer, which led to his liaising closely with some of the leading classical and operatic performers of the time. He left the company in 1960 to become a freelance writer, critic and author. From 1964, Gammond edited Gramophone Record Review, later known as Audio Record Review, and remained as Music Editor when this was later incorporated into Hi-Fi News, until 1980. He died in May 2019 at the age of 93.

text:
# Peter Gammond

**Peter Gammond** (30 September 1925 – 6 May 2019) was a British music critic, writer, journalist, musician, poet, and artist.

Peter Gammond was born in Winnington, Northwich, Cheshire. The son of John Thomas Gammond (1892–1970), a clerk, and Margaret Heald (1898–1985), Gammond inherited his musical interests from his father, who was a skilful and well-known amateur cellist and instrument repairer.

After early preparatory school in Weaverham, where he lived from 1930 to 1950, he was educated at Sir John Deane's Grammar School, where he attained distinctions in English and Art in the Higher School Certificate examinations. He won a scholarship to Manchester College of Art, having at the time an ambition to be a cartoonist, but at the age of 18 in 1943 was called up and served in the Royal Armoured Corps as a tank driver mainly in the Far East and India, ending with the 25th Dragoons, which was involved in the Hindu-Muslim conflict prior to Indian independence in 1947.

Upon returning to civilian life in 1947 Gammond continued his studies at Wadham College, Oxford, until 1950, where he read English. While at Oxford, he became well known in literary circles as a poet, appearing in three editions of *Oxford Poetry*, and as a cartoonist and writer with *Cherwell*. As poetry editor of the university magazine, *The ISIS*, Gammond worked under editors R. J. Harvey, Alan Brien, Robert Robinson, and Derrick Cooper. Gammond appeared in *Oxford Viewpoint*, where a study of his poetry by Irving Wardle was also published. During his time at Oxford, he composed and produced an operetta, *Love and Learning*, and played trombone in a university jazz band led by John Postgate.

On leaving Oxford, Gammond worked for a time in a West Country pub and as a rates assessor in Willesden, before joining the publicity department of the Decca Record Company in 1952, as an editor and sleeve-note writer, which led to his liaising closely with some of the leading classical and operatic performers of the time. He left the company in 1960 to become a freelance writer, critic and author. From 1964, Gammond edited *Gramophone Record Review*, later known as *Audio Record Review*, and remained as Music Editor when this was later incorporated into *Hi-Fi News*, until 1980. He died in May 2019 at the age of 93.

## Writing, publications and broadcasting

Gammond's publications number over forty books, among them studies of Schubert, Mozart, Offenbach and record collecting. His oeuvre also includes volumes on jazz, ragtime and music hall, with biographical studies of Duke Ellington and Scott Joplin, and the *Oxford Companion to Popular Music*. Record sleevenotes, for virtually every record company of the day, accounted for a large percentage of his freelance work and total over three hundred. Gammond is particularly well known for his six contributions to the *Bluffer’s Guides*, including the best-selling *Bluff Your Way in Music*, which launched the series in 1966. So influential was his contribution in this area that *The Times* dedicated a leading article to Gammond on his death, celebrating the way in which 'the pioneer of talking off the top of your head enriched the national conversation'.

As editor of *Audio Record Review*, Gammond instigated the annual 'Audio Awards', later the *Hi-Fi News & Record Review* Audio Awards', for 'services to the gramophone', which were the first of their kind for many years; recipients included Sir Neville Marriner, Sir Peter Pears, Dame Joan Sutherland, and Dame Janet Baker. Gammond was a regular broadcaster for BBC Radio, contributing criticism to programmes on jazz, providing interval talks (for instance on Gilbert and Sullivan), and featuring in the BBC Radio 3 'Building a Library' in *Record Review* on Saturday mornings, for instance with his choice of recordings of operetta and Johann Strauss. He also had an extended slot on the BBC Radio 2 arts programme, *Round Midnight* and on Forces Broadcasting. Gammond served as the British representative on the annual panel of adjudicators for the Grand Prix du Disque at Montreux in the 1970s and 1980s.

Gammond was a prolific poet. He was long an admirer of John Betjeman and was a past Chairman (1997-2002) and a Vice-President (from 2010 to 2019) of The Betjeman Society, the journal of which (*The Betjemanian*) he edited from 1996 to 2006. Gammond's publications include a number of volumes and bibliographic studies on Betjeman, and he scripted and appeared in the award-winning video *Betjeman's Britain* and its sequel *Betjeman's London*.

## Musical contacts

From his early days, but in particular during his time with Decca, *Audio Record Review* and *Hi-Fi News*, as well as in connexion with adjudicating the Grand Prix du Disque, Gammond encountered many of the most prominent musicians of the post-war decades. As a boy he met Elgar, he played bar billiards with Finzi while at Oxford, where he also lunched with Sir Thomas Beecham on the same day he hosted Dylan Thomas, and years later he dined with Stravinsky at the Savoy.

While compiling articles and publicity material he encountered such composers as Sir Malcolm Arnold, Benjamin Britten, Aaron Copland and Sir William Walton, and interviewed such singers as Kirsten Flagstad, Renata Tebaldi, Dame Joan Sutherland, Birgit Nilsson, Victoria de los Ángeles, Régine Crespin, Frederica von Stade, Sir Peter Pears, Carlo Bergonzi, Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti.

Gammond also interviewed and wrote about a number of eminent conductors, including Sir Malcolm Sargent, Leonard Bernstein, Antal Doráti, Josef Krips, Herbert von Karajan, Sir Georg Solti, Richard Bonynge and Sir Neville Marriner. Sir Yehudi Menuhin provided the preface to Gammond's *The Meaning and Magic of Music*, and he counted among his friends Daniel Barenboim and Jacqueline du Pré. Through his writing on jazz, Gammond met Duke Ellington and had extensive contact with André Previn.

## Other activities

Gammond gave talks for several recorded music societies, many of which he served as president, including the Sunbury Music Club, which was based in Upper Halliford until its disbandment in 2015. He was a long-standing and frequent contributor to The Friends of Torbay's annual 'Torbay Musical Weekend' at the Palace Hotel, Torquay since its inauguration in 1970 until 2007; he was appointed its vice-president in 2009 and served as president from 2014. It was at Gammond's invitation that musical conductors including Georg Solti addressed these gatherings.

In 1964, Gammond founded an informal music group which to this day meets on the first Tuesday of each month in members' houses. Taking place in the environs of Shepperton, Sunbury-on-Thames, Walton-on-Thames, Chertsey, Weybridge, and Woking, the meetings explore the musical repertoire through recordings and live performances.

Gammond was a member of Rotary International since 1962 and was President of the Shepperton Rotary Club from 1969 to 1970. He was much involved in local charitable work and in 1990 helped to found 'Care in Shepperton', a group of volunteers which offers neighbourly help and support to the indisposed, elderly and housebound; he served as its chairman from 1991 to 1996.

## Select bibliography

* Peter Gammond, ed. The Decca Book of Jazz. London: Frederick Muller, 1958.
* Peter Gammond, ed. Duke Ellington: His Life and Music. London: Phoenix House, 1958.
* Peter Gammond. Terms Used in Music: A Short Dictionary. London: Phoenix House, 1959.
* Peter Gammond and Peter Clayton. 101 Things: A Collection of Cartoons. London: Elek Books, 1959.
* Peter Gammond. A Guide to Popular Music. London: Phoenix House, 1960.
* Charles Fox, Peter Gammond, Alun Morgan; with additional material by Alexis Korner. Jazz on Record: A Critical Guide. London: Hutchinson, 1960.
* Peter Gammond, with Burnett James. Music on Record: A Critical Guide. London: Arrow Books, 1962–1964. Vol. 1, Orchestral Music A-L. Vol. 2, Orchestral Music M-Z. Vol. 3, Chamber and Instrumental Music (with supplement to Vols 1 and 2). Vol. 4, Opera and Vocal Music (with supplement to Vols 1-3).
* Peter Gammond. Know about Jazz. London; Glasgow: Blackie, \[1963\].
* Peter Gammond and Peter Clayton. 14 Miles on a Clear Night: An Irreverent, Sceptical, and Affectionate Book about Jazz Records. London: Peter Owen, 1966.
* Peter Gammond. Bluff Your Way in Music. London: Wolfe, 1966.
* Peter Gammond. The Meaning and Magic of Music. Feltham: Paul Hamlyn, 1968.
* Peter Gammond, comp. Your Own, Your Very Own!: A Music Hall Scrapbook. Shepperton: Ian Allan, 1971.
* Peter Gammond. One Man's Music. London: Wolfe, 1971.
* Peter Gammond, comp. and ed. Best Music Hall and Variety Songs. London: Wolfe, 1972.
* Peter Gammond. Musical Instruments in Colour. Poole: Blandford Press, 1975.
* Peter Gammond. Scott Joplin and the Ragtime Era. London: Abacus, 1975.
* Peter Gammond. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Recorded Opera. London: Salamander Books, 1979.
* Peter Gammond. The Magic Flute: A Guide to the Opera. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1979.
* Peter Gammond. The Good Old Days Songbook: Sixty Songs from the Golden Age of Music Hall, selected with an introduction and notes by Peter Gammond. London: British Broadcasting Corporation; EMI Music Publishing, 1980.
* Peter Gammond, ed. consultant. An Illustrated Guide to Composers of Classical Music. London: Salamander, c. 1980.
* Peter Gammond. An Illustrated Guide to Composers of Opera. London: Salamander, c. 1980.
* Peter Gammond. Offenbach: His Life and Times. Speldhurst: Midas, 1980.
* Peter Gammond and Raymond Horricks, ed. The Music Goes Round and Round: A Cool Look at the Record Industry. London: Quartet Books, 1980.
* Peter Gammond and Raymond Horricks, ed. Brass Bands. Cambridge: Stephens, 1980.
* Peter Gammond. Operas: Les Auteurs, les Compositeurs, les Librettistes, les Oeuvres, les Interpretes, les Disques. Paris: Fernand Nathan, 1981.
* Peter Gammond. Schubert. London: Methuen, 1982.
* Peter Gammond. A Critical Guide to the Best Recordings of Opera on Compact Disc, including Choral Works and Songs. London: Salamander Books, 1986. New York: Harmony Books, 1987.
* Peter Gammond. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Opera. London: Peerage, 1986.
* Peter Gammond and Peter Clayton. Jazz A-Z. London: Guinness Books, c. 1986.
* Peter Gammond. Bluff Your Way in British Class. London: Ravette, 1986.
* Peter Gammond. Offenbach. London: Omnibus, 1986.
* Peter Gammond and Peter Clayton. Bluff Your Way in Jazz. London: Ravette, 1987.
* Peter Gammond. The Bluffer's Guide to Bluffing. London: Ravette, 1987.
* Peter Gammond. Duke Ellington. London: Apollo, 1987.
* Peter Gammond. The Encyclopedia of Classical Music. London: Salamander, c. 1988.
* Peter Gammond and Peter Clayton. The Guinness Jazz Companion. Enfield: Guinness, 1989.
* Peter Gammond. The Oxford Companion to Popular Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
* Peter Gammond. The Bluffer's Guide to Opera. London: Oval Books, 1993.
* Peter Gammond. The Harmony Illustrated Encyclopedia of Classical Music: An Essential Guide to the World's Finest Music. London: Salamander, 1995.
* Peter Gammond and John Heald, comp. A Bibliographical Companion to Betjeman. Guildford: The Betjeman Society, 1997.
* Peter Gammond. The Bluffer's Guide to Golf. London: Oval, 1999.
* Peter Gammond and John Heald. Sir John Betjeman 1906-1984: A Checklist of Writings by and about Him. Guildford: The Betjeman Society, 2005.
* Peter Gammond. The Little Book of Betjeman. Cirencester: Green Umbrella Publishing, 2006.
* Peter Gammond. The Day I Met Myself: Selected Poems. G2 entertainment, 2014.

Contributions to:

* The Decca Book of Opera. London: Werner Laurie, 1956.
* Charles Osborne, ed. The Dictionary of Composers. London: The Bodley Head, 1977.
* Denis Arnold, ed. The New Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
* The Great Composers and Their Music. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 1984–86.
* The Dictionary of National Biography 1986–1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
* Alison Latham, ed. The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
* (The New) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. (20 entries by Gammond.)
* Introduction to Little Book of Musicals. Woking: Demand Media Ltd., 2014.

## Films and scripts

* Betjeman's Britain. Green Umbrella (Studio). Video, 1994. DVD, 2004.
* Betjeman's London. Green Umbrella (Studio). Video, 2000. DVD, 2004.
* With Lionel Blair. Introduction and script for Music Hall Days. Go Entertain (Studio). DVD, 2002.

## Select broadcasts

* The Jazz Scene: New Releases. BBC Light Programme. Monday 19 April 1963, 10.31 pm.
* The Jazz Scene: New Releases. BBC Light Programme. Sunday 5 January 1964, 10.31 pm.
* The Jazz Scene: New Releases. BBC Light Programme. Sunday 19 April 1964, 10.31 pm.
* Record Review: Building a Library: Operetta. BBC Radio 3. Saturday 27 June 1970, 11.30 am.
* Record Review: Building a Library: The Best of Johann Strauss. Saturday 22 February 1975, 9.5 am.
* Scott Joplin: A Genius Rediscovered. Peter Gammond in conversation with Peter Clayton. BBC Radio 4. 14 October 1977, 4.5 pm; re-broadcast Tuesday 15 July 1980, 4.10 pm.
* The Record Industry Blues: A Diagnosis. BBC Radio 3. Saturday 19 July 1980, 12.2 pm.
* Moments Musical. 8 programmes on musical theatre from ballad opera to Broadway and beyond. BBC Radio 2. Tuesday 8 September 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 15 September 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 22 September 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 29 September 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 6 October 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 13 October 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 20 October 1981, 8.0 pm; Tuesday 27 October 1981, 8.0 pm.
* The Magic of D'Oyly Carte. Interval feature on the separate careers and talents of William Schwenck Gilbert and Arthur Seymour Sullivan. BBC Radio 2, Saturday 16 March 1985, 8.20 pm.


title: Northampton (1801 ship)

abstract: Northampton, was a three-decker merchant ship launched in 1801 upon the River Thames, England. She made eight voyages to India as an extra (chartered) ship for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1801 and 1819. During the same period she made one separate trip transporting convicts from Britain to New South Wales, followed by a voyage for the EIC from China back to England. In 1820 she carried settlers to South Africa. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1822.

text:
# Northampton (1801 ship)

***Northampton***, was a three-decker merchant ship launched in 1801 upon the River Thames, England. She made eight voyages to India as an extra (chartered) ship for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1801 and 1819. During the same period she made one separate trip transporting convicts from Britain to New South Wales, followed by a voyage for the EIC from China back to England. In 1820 she carried settlers to South Africa. She is last listed in *Lloyd's Register* in 1822.

## Launching

*Northampton* was launched gradually at the top of the tide and at the turn of the tide went into the dock to finish coppering. Many boats observed the launch, as did many visitors at a gallery that Captain Robert Barker had erected. On the evening of 29 July 1801, Barker provided a dinner for 300 guests at the London Tavern. The dinner was set out in the workshop and 180 ladies took their seats. Afterwards, the tables were removed and the evening concluded with a ball.

## Voyages

### EIC Voyage 1 (1801-03)

Captain Robert Barker received a letter of marque on 11 August 1801. *Northampton* was sailing during the French Revolutionary Wars and the letter authorized Barker to engage in offensive, not just defensive, action against the French and their allies should the opportunity arise.

*Northampton* left Portsmouth on 9 September 1801, bound for Bengal. She was part of a convoy under escort by HMS *Seahorse* that also included *General Stuart*, *Manship*, *Sarah Christiana*, *Comet*, *Sovereign*, *Caledonia*, *Ann*, *Princess Mary*, *Varuna*, *Carron*, *Elizabeth*, *Monarch*, and *Friendship*. The convoy reached Madeira on 23 September, and left the next day.

*Northampton* reached Bombay on 11 February 1802. From there she sailed up to Surat, which she reached on 2 April. She returned to Bombay five days later. She arrived at Calcutta on 14 May. For her homeward bound trip she passed Sagar Island on 19 October and reached St Helena on 14 January 1803. She arrived at the Downs on 23 March.

### EIC Voyage 2 (1803-05)

Barker left Plymouth for Bengal on 17 July 1803. The Napoleonic Wars had broken out after the one-year Peace of Amiens, so her required a new letter of marque, which he had received on 20 June 1803.

*Northampton* left Plymouth on 17 July, reached Rio de Janeiro on 23 September. On 16 October she was three days out of Rio and in convoy with *Lord Melville*, *Earl Spencer*, *Princess Mary*, *Anna*, *Ann*, *Glory*, and *Essex*. Their escorts were the 74-gun third rate ships of the line HMS *Russell*, *Albion*, and *Sceptre*, and the fourth rate HMS *Grampus*.

*Northampton* arrived at Calcutta on 12 February 1804. She was at Diamond Harbour on 29 April. She left Bengal on 5 July in company with *Maria*, *Mornington*, and *Princess Mary*. However, eight days later *Northampton* parted company, and being "very Crank, it is supposed put back to Bengal." *Northampton* finally reached St Helena on 22 November, and arrived at the Downs on 9 February 1805.

### EIC Voyage 3 (1805-07)

Barker left Cork on 31 August 1805, bound for Madras and Bengal. *Northampton* reached Madeira on 28 September.

*Northampton* was one of the EIC vessels that were part of the expedition under General Sir David Baird and Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham that would in 1806 capture the Dutch Cape Colony. They would carry supplies and troops to the Cape, and then continue on their voyages.

*Northampton* reached the Cape on 5 January 1806. On 11 February *Northampton* and the convoy she was with were well, three days out of the Cape on their way to Madras. The convoy was under the escort of HMS *Belliqueux*, a 64-gun third rate, and also included *William Pitt*, *Streatham*, *Europe*, *Jane Duchess of Gordon*, *Sir William Pulteney*, *Union*, *Comet*, *Glory*, and *Sarah Christiana*.

*Northampton* reached Madras on 22 April. At Madras, the captains of the eight East Indiamen in the convoy joined together to present Captain George Byng, of *Belliqueux*, a piece of silver plate worth £100 as a token of appreciation for his conduct while they were under his orders. Byng wrote his thank you letter to them on 24 April.

*Northampton* arrived at Calcutta on 8 June. Homeward bound, she passed Sagar on 20 April, returned to Madras on 9 October, reached Trincomalee on 18 October, the Cape on 30 December, and St Helena on 23 January 1807. She arrived at the Downs on 12 April.

### EIC Voyage 4 (1807-08)

Captain Thomas Sanders replaced Barker for this and the next voyage. The change of masters meant the need for a new letter of marque, and Sanders received his on 13 August 1807.

*Northampton* left Portsmouth on 15 September 1807, bound for Madras and Bengal. She reached Madeira on 28 September. She was reported well on 28 November at 30°10′S 5°20′W / 30.167°S 5.333°W / -30.167; -5.333. She was in convoy with *Sarah Christiana*, *Ann*, *Union*, *Diana*, *Sir William Pulteney*, and *Glory*. Their escort was the 64-gun third rate HMS *Monmouth*.

*Northampton* reached Madras on 15 February 1808. She arrived at Kidderpore on 19 March and was at Culpee, an anchorage towards Calcutta, and closer than Sagar, on 15 May. Homeward bound, She passed Saugor on 3 June, reached St Helena on 28 September. She arrived at the Downs on 12 December, but a gale came up on 16–7 December in which she lost an anchor and cable in Margate roads. Several other East Indiamen also suffered damage and *Walpole*, Sandlands, master, was driven aground.

On 24 December 1808, 15 seamen from *Northampton*'s crew were delivered to the Royal Navy receiving ship HMS *El Corso* at Gravesend. The men had joined *Northampton* at Calcutta on 1 June. (Seamen on Indiamen were vulnerable to impressment on their return to England.)

### EIC Voyage 5 (1809-10)

Sanders sailed *Northampton* from Portsmouth on 7 July 1809, bound for Bombay. She reached Madeira on 19 July, and Bombay on 24 November. Returning home, she visited Point de Galle on 22 February 1810, reached St Helena of 4 May, and arrived at the Downs on 6 July.

### EIC Voyage 6 (1811-12)

Captain Thomas Barker resumed command of *Northampton* for her sixth voyage. The change of master again necessitated a new letter of marque, and Barker received one on 4 February 1811. *Northampton* left Portsmouth on 12 March, bound for Bombay and Madras. *Northampton* was in convoy with a number of East Indiamen, *Carnatic*, *Castle Eden*, *Hope*. *Metcalf*, *Princess Amelia*, *Rose*, *Taunton Castle*, and *Union*. In April, *Lloyd's List* reported that they had been seen well at 35°42′N 15°0′W / 35.700°N 15.000°W / 35.700; -15.000 (approximately 400 km NNE of Funchal), and under the escort of the frigate HMS *Curacoa*. They reached the Cape on 9 June and *Curacoa* met up with them three days later.

*Northampton* arrived at Bombay on 20 July, and Madras on 3 September. She left Bombay on 21 August and Madras on 20 October. She then reached St Helena on 3 January 1812. There she joined *Monarch* and *Euphrates*, and the three vessels sailed on 21 January with HMS *Java* and HMS *Madagascar* as escorts.

While *Northampton*, *Euprates*, and *Monarch* were in the Channel, they encountered the British frigate *Nayaden*, which signalled that a flotilla of five French ships of the line that had escaped from Lorient were in the vicinity and that she had exchanged some shots with them. The French, bound for Brest, continued on their route without giving chase. *Monarch* and *Euphrates* arrived at Portsmouth on 23 March. *Northampton* arrived at the Downs on 30 March.

### EIC Voyage 7 (1812-14)

Barker left Portsmouth for Bengal on 14 July 1812. *Northampton* reached Madeira on 30 July, the Cape on 21 October, and Colombo on 5 January 1813. She arrived at Calcutta on 16 March. Homeward bound, she passed Sagar on 12 May. However, she had to put back in Calcutta in early July because she was in a leaky state. She sprang a leak three times while descending the Bengal River and had to return to Calcutta to be docked. After repairs, she finally arrived at the Downs on 20 May 1814. *Northampton* acquired a new owner, Palmer & Co.

### Convict transport (1815)

*Northampton'*s next voyage was not for the EIC. Furthermore, with the wars with France and America drawing to a close, her master for this voyage did not acquire a letter of marque.

Under the command of John Tween, *Northampton* sailed from Portsmouth on 1 January 1815. When*Northampton* sailed war had not ended. There are reports that an American privateer detained her on 18 February, but did not take her as a prize as the Americans did not want to deal with the prisoners. *Northampton* arrived at Port Jackson on 18 June. She had left with 110 female convicts, plus passengers and cargo. Four female convicts died on the voyage.

### EIC Voyage 8 (1816)

*Northampton* left Port Jackson on 8 November bound for China. *Northampton* was "at China" on 14 January 1816 and arrived at Whampoa on 17 January.

She crossed the First Bar on the Pearl River on 2 March. She reached St Helena on 25 June and arrived at the Downs on 4 September.

### EIC Voyage 9 (1818-19)

Captain Charles Tebbut (or Tebbutt) left Portsmouth on 16 May 1818, bound for Madras and Bengal. *Northampton* reached Madras on 7 September and arrived at Calcutta on 5 October. Homeward bound, she passed Sagar on 22 January 1819, reached St Helena on 26 March, and arrived at the Downs on 27 June.

Although one source reports that she was sold in 1819 for breaking up, she apparently made one more notable voyage.

### Emigrant transport (1820)

A list of "Licensed India ships" showed *Northampton*, Tebbutt, master, Palmer, owner, sailing to Bencoolen on 17 November 1819. She did not.

Instead, Captain Charlton sailed from London on 13 December 1819, with 257 emigrants, bound for South Africa under the British Government's 1820 Settlers scheme. *Northampton* arrived at Table Bay, Cape Town, on 26 March 1820, and Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, on 30 April.

*Northampton*, Charlton, master, sailed from the Cape to Bengal, where she arrived on 31 August. She left Bengal for London and on 26 January 1821, was at 30°26′S 80°30′E / 30.433°S 80.500°E / -30.433; 80.500. She arrived at the Cape on 28 February and left on 18 March. She arrived at Gravesend on 11 June. That is the last entry for her in *Lloyd's List*'s ship arrival and departure data.

### The registers

*Northampton* was last listed *Lloyd's Register* (*LR*) and the *Register of Shipping* (*RS*) in 1822. *LR* apparently carried stale data from 1819. The *Register of Shipping* carried the voyage to South Africa. The registers were only as accurate as owners chose to maintain them.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1820 | C. Tebbut | Palmer & Co. | London–India | *LR*; thorough repairs in 1809 and 1817 |
| 1820 | Charlton | Tibbet & Co. | London–Cape of Good Hope | *RS*; good repair 1817 |
| 1822 | C. Tebbut | Palmer & Co. | London–India | *LR*; thorough repair in 1817 |
| 1822 | Charlton | Tibbet & Co. | London–Cape of Good Hope | *RS*; good repair 1817 |
|

## Citations

1. British Library: *Northampton* (2).
2. *Naval Chronicle*, Vol. 6, p.76.
3. Hackman (2001), p. 163.
4. "Letter of Marque, 1793-1815; p.80". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
5. *Lloyd's Register* (1782).
6. *Lloyd's List*, №4200.
7. *Lloyd's List*, №4463.
8. *Lloyd's List*, № 4182.
9. *Lloyd's List*, №4059..
10. *Naval Chronicle*, Vol. 17, pp.470-1.
11. *Lloyd's List*, №4233.
12. *Lloyd's List*, №4311.
13. THE HONOURABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY SERVICE: LIST OF SHIPS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE VOYAGES (1800 to 1832). Accessed 15 March 2021.
14. *Lloyd's List*, no. 4553, \- accessed 5 December 2014.
15. *Lloyd's List*, no. 4592, \- accessed 5 December 2014.
16. *Lloyd's List* №4650 - accessed 2 December 2014.
17. *Lloyd's List*, No. 4831 - accessed 2 December 2014.
18. *Lloyd's List*, no. 4842 - accessed 2 December 2014.
19. *Lloyd's Register* (1818).
20. Bateson (1959), pp. 290–291.
21. Bateson (1959), p. 327.
22. "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". *Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.17*. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
23. National Archives: *Northampton* (3) - accessed 1 December 2014.
24. *LR* (1821), "Licensed India Ships".
25. *British 1820 Settlers to South Africa*: *Northampton*.
26. *Lloyd's List* №5600, Ship arrivals and departures data.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| British East India Company | |
| Name | *Northampton* |
| Owner | * EIC Voyages 1-2:Moses Agar * EIC Voyages 3-7: John Crosthwaite * EIC Voyages 8-9: George Palmer |
| Builder | Peter Everitt Mestaer, King and Queen Dock, Rotherhithe |
| Launched | 11 July 1801 |
| Fate | Sold for breakup in 1819 but listed through 1822 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 523, 542, 5424794, 548, or 573 (bm) |
| Length | * 123 ft 6 in (37.6 m) (overall) * 99 ft 1 in (30.2 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 32 ft 1 in (9.8 m) |
| Depth of hold | 12 ft 6 in (3.8 m) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Complement |  |
| Armament | * 1801: 14 × 12- & 9-pounder guns * 1803: 14 × 12- & 9-pounder guns * 1807: 16 × 12- & 24-pounder guns * 1811: 16 × 12-pounder guns |


title: Roberto Fraile

abstract: Roberto Fraile Fernández was a Spanish journalist and cameraman.

text:
# Roberto Fraile

**Roberto Fraile Fernández** (1974  26 April 2021) was a Spanish journalist and cameraman.

## Biography

Born in Barakaldo, he lived and worked in various media in Salamanca. He was a cameraman for Salamanca television since the 1990s and for some years he was also at La 8 de Salamanca. During a good part of his career he was linked to Radio Televisión Castilla y León.

He combined this work with filming armed conflicts. In 2012 he was injured by an explosion in Aleppo, where he was filming insurgent troops in the context of the Syrian civil war and was operated on in a hospital and evacuated to Turkey. During the last years of his life he made documentaries in Colombia and Brazil.

## Murder

On 26 April 2021, Fraile was killed at the age of 46, alongside fellow Spanish journalist David Beriáin and Irish conservationist Rory Young, while they were filming a documentary about poaching in Pama, Burkina Faso. Their convoy was ambushed by Nusrat al-Islam, which then opened fire against them. He had two sons.


title: An Evangelical Manifesto

abstract: - See Washington Declaration for other documents of this name. An Evangelical Manifesto, subtitled The Washington Declaration of Evangelical Identity and Public Commitment or simply A Declaration of Evangelical Identity and Public Commitment, is a document issued in Washington DC on May 7, 2008, by 80 evangelical leaders.

text:
# An Evangelical Manifesto

*See Washington Declaration for other documents of this name.*

***An Evangelical Manifesto***, subtitled *The Washington Declaration of Evangelical Identity and Public Commitment* or simply *A Declaration of Evangelical Identity and Public Commitment*, is a document issued in Washington DC on May 7, 2008, by 80 evangelical leaders.

1. NPR, Identity Check: Evangelicals Clarify Their Role, npr.org, USA, May 30, 2008
2. CT, Gospel Independence, christianitytoday.com, USA, June 26, 2008
3. Brian Steensland, Philip Goff, *The New Evangelical Social Engagement*, Oxford University Press USA, USA, 2014, p. 10, 130


title: Murder of Michael McGoldrick

abstract: Michael John McGoldrick was a taxi driver murdered by the Loyalist Volunteer Force during The Troubles in Northern Ireland.

text:
# Murder of Michael McGoldrick

**Michael John McGoldrick** (18 June 1965 – 8 July 1996) was a taxi driver murdered by the Loyalist Volunteer Force during The Troubles in Northern Ireland.

## Personal life

McGoldrick was born to Northern Irish parents in Glasgow, Scotland. He had graduated two days before the murder with a degree in English & Politics from Queen's University Belfast, and hoped to become a teacher. He had a daughter Emma with his wife, Sadie, and a son on the way. McGoldrick worked as a taxi driver in Lurgan, Northern Ireland part-time to finance his studies.

## Murder

In July 1996, the Drumcree standoff increased tensions between the loyalist and nationalist populations of Northern Ireland, and particularly the Craigavon area. The Troubles saw more than 3,600 people killed in a 30-year period, the majority of whom were civilians murdered by combatants. On 7 July, members of the loyalist Orange Order were blocked by police from marching down the Garvaghy Road in Portadown. The annual march had been contentious, with loyalists passing through a majority nationalist community holding banners and playing drums and pipes. It was claimed to be sectarian and supremacist, and had been accompanied by violence in previous years.

As a response, the Mid-Ulster brigade of the Ulster Volunteer Force led by Billy Wright sought to unilaterally break the ceasefire the group was operating under, and murder civilians from nationalist areas. One plan was to kidnap three priests from the local parochial house and shoot them unless the march went ahead. Instead members of the brigade, as a "birthday present" to leader Wright, preyed on the province's taxi services which, because of previous murders during The Troubles, had grown unofficially segregated serving mainly the same communities as the drivers. A taxi was ordered in the late evening from the Minicabs depot in Lurgan under the name "Lavery" going from the local cinema to Aghagallon and McGoldrick responded to the call. When the radio controller got no response later in the early morning, he assumed McGoldrick had clocked off for the night. Early the next morning he was found slumped over the wheel of his taxi. He had been shot five times in the head.

## Aftermath

The murder drew significant attention from regional and national media, as it had the distinct appearance of paramilitary type execution during a ceasefire. The Ulster Volunteer Force stood down the brigade a month later, with leader Billy Wright forming the alternative Loyalist Volunteer Force. The splinter organisation engaged in a feud with the Ulster Volunteer Force, its last murders being of Ulster Volunteer Force members and other loyalists. Wright was killed less than 18 months after McGoldrick's death by the Irish National Liberation Army in Long Kesh prison, and his group disbanded in August 1998.

Clifford George McKeown was ultimately found guilty of the murder of McGoldrick. He was represented in court by former DUP member Jim Allister QC. McKeown was already serving 12 years for gun possession at the time of the trial. After his sentencing, Allister said McKeown would be appealing against the conviction.

As of October 2022, McKeown is serving a life sentence for the murder. After the guilty verdict was delivered, the victim's father, Michael McGoldrick Snr, said he felt no bitterness towards his son's killer. "The hurt in our country has to stop," he said. McKeown later confessed to journalist Nick Martin-Clark that two youths assisted in the murder. They ordered the taxi, and one of them asked McGoldrick to stop at the roadside to let him urinate. McKeown, who had allegedly followed with his lights switched off, slipped close to the back of the taxi and shot McGoldrick. The murder weapon was found in 2006 in the possession of William James Fulton, who is currently serving a life sentence for murder and orchestrating terrorism.

## InfoBox

| Michael McGoldrick | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1965-06-18)18 June 1965 |
| Died | 8 July 1996(1996-07-08) (aged 31) |
| Cause of death | Homicide |
| Resting place | St Coleman's Cemetery, Lurgan |
| Education | Queen's University Belfast |
| Children | 2 |


title: Hubli City Assembly constituency

abstract: Hubli Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in Karnataka state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency.

text:
# Hubli City Assembly constituency

**Hubli** Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in Karnataka state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Assembly

### Bombay State

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1952 | Dundur Kalmeshwar Basaweshwar |  | Indian National Congress |
| | Sambrani Dharamappa Yallappa | | |
|

### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1957 | Mohasin Fakaruddin Hussein Sab |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Koppal Rajesab Abdulsabe | | |
| 1967 | S. S. Shankarappa |  | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 1972 | Sanadi Imam Goususaheb |  | Indian National Congress |
|

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Jaratarghar Mahadevsa Govindsa |  | Janata Party |
| 1983 | |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1985 | A M Hindasageri |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | | | |
| 1994 | Ashok Katwe |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1999 | Honnalli Jabbarkhan Hayatkhan |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | | | |
| 2008 onwards: *Seat does not exist.* | | | |
|

15°21′01″N 75°08′15″E / 15.350282°N 75.137612°E / 15.350282; 75.137612

## InfoBox

| Hubli | |
| --- | --- |
| Former constituency No. 176 for the Karnataka Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | South India |
| State | Karnataka |
| Division | Belgaum |
| District | Dharwad |
| LS constituency | Dharwad |
| Established | 1951 |
| Abolished | 2008 |
| Reservation | None |


title: Troschelviana

abstract: Troschelviana is a genus of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Helicinidae.

text:
# Troschelviana

***Troschelviana*** is a genus of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Helicinidae.

## Species

Species within the genus *Troschelviana* include:

* Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017.

## InfoBox

| *Troschelviana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Neritimorpha
clade Cycloneritimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Helicinoidea |
| Family: | Helicinidae |
| Genus: | ***Troschelviana***
Baker, 1922 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Torreviana* Aguayo, 1943 * *Troschelviana (Cubaviana)* H.B. Baker, 1922· accepted, alternate representation * *Troschelviana (Microviana)* H.B. Baker, 1928· accepted, alternate representation * *Troschelviana (Troschelviana)* H.B. Baker, 1922· accepted, alternate representation | |


title: Peter Gandolphy

abstract: Peter Gandolphy was a Jesuit preacher and apologetic author active in London in the early 19th century.

text:
# Peter Gandolphy

**Peter Gandolphy** (26 July 1779 - 9 July 1821) was a Jesuit preacher and apologetic author active in London in the early 19th century.

## Life

Gandolphy, was born in London on 26 July 1779, the son of John Vincent Gandolphi or Gandolphy of East Sheen, Surrey, and Anna Maria, daughter of Benedict Hinde of Worlaby, Lincolnshire. He was related by marriage to the Hornyold's of Blackmore.

Gandolfi educated under the Jesuits of the English province, partly at Liège academy and partly at Stonyhurst College, where on 4 October. 1801 he was appointed to teach Humanities. He left Stonyhurst in 1804, and after receiving holy orders was appointed to the mission at Newport, Isle of Wight. Subsequently, he was attached to the Spanish Chapel, Manchester Square, London, where he obtained great celebrity as a preacher.

By the publication of his *Liturgy* and his sermons "in defence of the ancient faith" he incurred the displeasure of his ecclesiastical superior, Bishop Poynter, who suspended him and denounced his works. Gandolphy proceeded to Rome in order to appeal against the bishop's decision. There he obtained in 1816 official approbations of the two censured works from Stephen Peter Damiani, master of sacred theology and apostolic penitentiary at St. Peter's, and from Francis Joseph O'Finan, prior of the Dominican convent of St. Sixtus and St. Clement. The Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, wishing to terminate the controversy, by letters dated 1 March 1817, required that Gandolphy should be restored to the possession of his former missionary faculties on apologising to Bishop Poynter for whatever might have been disrespectfully stated by him in an address to the public hastily printed some months previously, and of which the bishop had complained to the holy see. Gandolphy accordingly drew up and subscribed an apology on 15 April. In a pastoral letter dated 24 April the bishop declared the apology to be insufficient. On 8 July Gandolphy made a full and unconditional apology in obedience to the bishop's demands.

He never recovered from this humiliation. In 1818 he resigned his chaplaincy at Spanish Place, and retiring to the residence of his relatives at East Sheen, died there on 9 July 1821.

George Oliver says that Gandolphy "wrote too rapidly not to err against theological precision," but John Milner remarks that there was "no heterodox or dangerous principle in his mind."

## Writings

* *A Defence of the Ancient Faith; or five sermons in Proof of the Christian Religion* (London, 1811).
* *Congratulatory Letter to the Rev. Herbert Marsh, D.D. … on his judicious Inquiry into the consequences of neglecting to give the Prayer-Book with the Bible. Together with a Sermon on the inadequacy of the Bible to be an exclusive Rule of Faith, inscribed to the same* (London, 1812, reprinted in *The Pamphleteer* (1813), i. 413.) This elicited a reply from Marsh, and several controversial pamphlets.
* *A Second Letter to the Rev. Herbert Marsh confirming the opinion that the vital principle of the Reformation has been conceded by him to the Church of Rome* (London, 1813, reprinted in *The Pamphleteer* ii. 397).
* *Liturgy, or a Book of Common Prayer, and administration of Sacraments, with other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church. For the use of all Christians in the United Kingdom* (London, 1812; Birmingham, 1815).
* *A sermon on the text 'Render to Cæsar the things which are Cæsar's,* etc. (London, 1813).
* *A Defence of the Ancient Faith, or a full Exposition of the Christian Religion in a series of controversial sermons* 4 vols., (London, 1813–15)
* *Letters addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Protestant Clergy of England ... or a Reply to the Calumnies and Slanders advanced against the Catholic Petitioners* (London, 1813 and 1817).
* *Vetoism illustrated to future generations; or a letter to the editor of the "Ami de la Religion et du Roi", in answer to an article in the same journal* (London, 1819).
* *Letter to a noble Lord on the conduct of Sir J. Cox Hippisley at Rome* (London 1819).
* *Lessons of Morality and Piety; extracted from the Sapiential Books of Holy Scripture* (London 1822).

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Gandolphy, Peter". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Peter Gandolphy". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


title: High Rock (South Georgia)

abstract: High Rock is a 30 m high cliff rock off the north coast of South Georgia. It rises 7 km west-northwest of Cape Buller at the northern end of the Welcome Islands from the South Atlantic. Scientists from the British Discovery Investigations discovered it in the course of surveying work between 1926 and 1930 and named it descriptively.

text:
# High Rock (South Georgia)

**High Rock** is a 30 m high cliff rock off the north coast of South Georgia. It rises 7 km west-northwest of Cape Buller at the northern end of the Welcome Islands from the South Atlantic.

Scientists from the British Discovery Investigations discovered it in the course of surveying work between 1926 and 1930 and named it descriptively.

This article incorporates public domain material from "High Rock (South Georgia)". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| High Rock | |
| --- | --- |
| High RockLocation of High Rock in South Georgia | |
| Highest point | |
| Coordinates | 53°57′43″S 37°29′20″W / 53.96194°S 37.48889°W / -53.96194; -37.48889 |
| Geography | |
| Country | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |
| Region | South Georgia |


title: Northern Illinois Huskies

abstract: The Northern Illinois Huskies are the athletic teams that represent Northern Illinois University (NIU). The Huskies are a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The athletic program is made up of seven men's sports and 10 women's sports. The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). NIU began athletic competition in 1899 and were nicknamed the Profs. In the 1920s, they were referred to as the Cardinals. During the 1930s they were called Evansmen after George Evans. The Huskie mascot and nickname used today were officially chosen in 1940.

text:
# Northern Illinois Huskies

The **Northern Illinois Huskies** are the athletic teams that represent Northern Illinois University (NIU). The Huskies are a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The athletic program is made up of seven men's sports (baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer, tennis, and wrestling) and 10 women's sports (basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, soccer, softball, tennis, track, and volleyball). The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS).

NIU began athletic competition in 1899 and were nicknamed the Profs. In the 1920s, they were referred to as the Cardinals. During the 1930s they were called Evansmen after George Evans. The Huskie mascot and nickname used today were officially chosen in 1940.

## Sports sponsored

A member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC), NIU sponsors teams in seven men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports.

|
|  |
| Men's sports | Women's sports |
| Baseball | Basketball |
| Basketball | Cross country |
| Football | Golf |
| Golf | Gymnastics |
| Soccer | Soccer |
| Tennis | Softball |
| Wrestling | Tennis |
|  | Track and field |
|  | Volleyball |
| † – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor. | |

### Baseball

NIU baseball started playing in 1900. The program was disbanded from 1983 through 1990. They currently play home games at the Ralph McKinzie Field in Dekalb, Illinois. They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament twice (1972, 1996).

**Championships**

### Men's basketball

NIU men's basketball started playing in 1900. They currently play home games at the NIU Convocation Center in DeKalb, Illinois. They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament three times (1982, 1991, 1996).

**Championships**

* 1932 – Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1933 – Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Champions
* 1934 – Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Champions
* 1935 – Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Champions
* 1941 – Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Champions
* 1945 – Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Champions
* 1972 – Midwestern Conference Champions
* 1981 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 1982 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1991 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1996Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 2006 – MAC West Division Champions

### Football

NIU football started playing in 1899. They have won one National Championship, have won 12 football conference titles, and have appeared in 16 Division I-A and College Division Bowl Games. Owner at 2010 Moose Krause Cir, Notre Dame, IN 46556.

**Championships**

### Men's golf

NIU men's golf team currently plays its home matches at Rich Harvest Farms in Sugar Grove, Illinois, where it hosted the 2017 NCAA Men's Golf Championship. The team has won the Mid-American Conference Golf title in 1976, 1985, and 2023. The Huskies also qualified for the 1976 NCAA Golf tournament.

**Championships**

* 1976 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 1985 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 1990 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1991 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1992 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1994 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 2023 – Mid-American Conference Champions

### Men's soccer

NIU men's soccer started playing in 1962. They currently play their home games at the NIU Soccer and Track & Field Complex. They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament four times (1973, 2006, 2011, 2021).

With the MAC discontinuing its men's soccer league after the 2022 season, NIU moved that sport to the Missouri Valley Conference for 2023 and beyond.

Championships * 1984 – Midwest Metropolitan Conference Champions
* 1989Big Central Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1990Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 2006 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 2006 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 2011 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 2021 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)

### Men's tennis

NIU men's tennis team has had six players qualify for the NCAA tournament, one player twice and another player three times (1963, 1968, 1970–1973, 1987). They currently play their home matches at the NIU West Tennis Courts.

**Championships**

### Wrestling

NIU Wrestling started in 1931, and first started competing in the Division I (NCAA) in 1969. The team had 9 NCAA All-Americans and 96 wrestlers qualify for the NCAA tournament, with two winning the NCAA title. Three other Huskie Wrestlers won the NAIA championship (1958 (@123), 1961 (@167), 1961 (@177))

Ryan Ludwig (three-time NAIA All-American and a national finalist at 157 pounds) is currently in his 3rd season as head coach for the Huskies. Completed in the fall of 2008, the NIU Wrestling Training Complex features everything a student-athlete needs to reach the highest levels on and off the mat.

**Championships**

* 1985 – Mid-American Conference Champions

### Softball

NIU women's softball started playing in 1959. They currently play their home games at Mary M. Bell Field. They have made two NCAA Regional appearances (1988, 1996) and one appearance in the Women's College World Series (1988).

**Championships**

* 1988 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1989 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1990 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1996 – Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1996 – Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1999 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 2000 – Mid-American Conference Champions

### Women's basketball

NIU women's basketball started playing in 1957. They currently play home games at the NIU Convocation Center in Dekalb, Illinois. They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament five times (1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995). They have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) two times (1991, 2017).

**Championships**

* 1972 – Midwest AIAW Region Champions
* 1982 – Illinois AIAW State Champions
* 1989 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1990 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1990 – North Star Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1992 – North Star Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1993 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1993 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1994 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1995 – Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions

### Women's soccer

NIU women's soccer started playing in 1993. They currently play their home games at the NIU Soccer and Track & Field Complex.

**Championships**

* 1997 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 1997 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1998 – Mid-American Conference Champions
* 1998 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)

### Women's volleyball

NIU women's volleyball started playing in 1970. They currently play home games at the NIU Convocation Center in Dekalb, Illinois. They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament seven times (1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2011, 2016). They appeared in the National Invitational Volleyball Championship (NIVC) three times (1991, 1992, 1994).

**Championships**

* 1988 – North Star Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1988 – North Star Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1990 – North Star Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1991 – North Star Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1992 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1992 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1993 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1993 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1995 – Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1996 – Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 1996 – Midwestern Collegiate Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1997 – MAC West Division Champions
* 1997 – Mid-American Conference co-champions (Regular Season)
* 1997 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 1998 – MAC West Division Champions
* 1998 – Mid-American Conference co-champions (Regular Season)
* 2001 – MAC West Division Champions
* 2001 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)
* 2006 – MAC West Division Champions
* 2011 – MAC West Division Champions
* 2011 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 2014 – MAC West Division Champions
* 2015 – MAC West Division Champions
* 2015 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Regular Season)
* 2016 – MAC West Division Champions
* 2016 – Mid-American Conference co-champions (Regular Season)
* 2016 – Mid-American Conference Champions (Tournament)

### Women's tennis

NIU women's tennis team started playing in 1974. They currently play their home matches at the NIU West Tennis Courts.

**Championships**

* 1989 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1990 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1991 – North Star Conference Champions
* 1993 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions
* 1994 – Mid-Continent Conference Champions

### Women's gymnastics

NIU women's gymnastics started competing in 1978. They currently compete at the NIU Convocation Center in Dekalb, Illinois.

**Championships**

* 1992 – Midwest Independent Conference Champions
* 1993 – Midwest Independent Conference Champions
* 2019 – Mid American Conference Champions (Tournament)

### Women's golf

NIU women's golf team currently plays its home matches at Rich Harvest Farms in Sugar Grove, Illinois, where it hosted the 2017 NCAA Women's Golf Championship.

### Women's track and field

NIU women's outdoor track and field team currently competes at the NIU Soccer and Track & Field Complex. The women's indoor track and field team competes at NIU Convocation Center.

### Women's cross country

NIU women's cross country team first competed for one year in 1981. The program was reinstated in 1995.

## National championships

### Team

|
|  |
| Sport | Association | Division | Year | Opponent/Runner-up | Score |
| Men's cross country (1) | NCAA | College | 1958 | South Dakota State | 90–93 (-3) |

## Club sports

### Hockey

NIU Hockey was founded in 1965. The Huskies play college ice hockey in the Mid-American Collegiate Hockey Association (MACHA) conference of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA), ACHA Division 2 and ACHA Division 3. NIU was an ACHA D2 Regional Qualifier in 2013 and won three consecutive MACHA Bronze Division Championships, from the 2014–15 season through the 2016–17 season.

**Championships**

* 2015 – MACHA Bronze Division Champions
* 2016 – MACHA Bronze Division Champions
* 2017 – MACHA Bronze Division Champions

### Rugby

NIU Rugby Football was founded in 1968 and plays college rugby in the Mid-American Conference of Division 1-AA. The Huskies are led by Head Coach Kris Osterloh. The Huskies reached the 2013 D1-AA national playoffs, but lost to Lindenwood in the round of 16.

## Cheerleading

NIU Cheerleading consists of two teams, All Girl and Large Coed. Both teams perform at football games, basketball games, and at the NCA College Nationals in Daytona Beach, Florida. In 2016, both teams made it to finals with the All-Girl team Finishing in 5th while the Large Coed team place 6th in the D1A Division.

2016

All Girl: 5th

Large Coed: 6th

2015

Large Coed: 5th

## NIU Athletics Hall of Fame

The NIU Athletics Hall of Fame first started in 1978. There has been an annual class induction since 1983. Women were inducted starting in 1986. There are currently 207 individuals and 17 teams enshrined in the NIU Athletics Hall of Fame.

## Mascot

The NIU Huskies are represented by both Victor E. Huskie (a person wearing a Siberian Husky costume) and Mission (a live Siberian Husky). The Mission program establishing a series of live dogs as mascots was started by the NIU Foundation in 2012. As of 2023, three dogs (Mission I, Mission II, and Mission III) have served in this role. Mission III was introduced in 2023.

1. "NIU Athletics Traditions". *NIU Athletics*. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
2. iPhoto. "Gallery Dogs: 68 of 73". *mascots.com*.
3. "Official NIU Mascot". *myniu.com*.
4. "NIU Athletics Traditions - NIU Huskie Music". NIU Athletics.
5. "NIU Athletic Marks Standards Guide" (PDF). July 12, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
6. "NIU Athletics Traditions - Note: singular collective form". NIU Athletics.
7. "NIU Wrestling". Northern Illinois University Athletics.
8. "NIU Wrestling Informational Facts". Northern Illinois University Athletics.
9. NIU Rugby, Officers, http://niurugby.wordpress.com/officers-2/
10. NIU Athletics Hall of Fame Roster
11. "NIU - STEAM". *NIU - STEAM*. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
12. "NIU introduces new Huskie mascot, Mission III". *94.9 WDKB*. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
13. "NIU Alumni Association". *www.myniu.com*. Retrieved 3 June 2024.

## InfoBox

| Northern Illinois Huskies | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| University | Northern Illinois University |
| Conference | Mid-American Conference
Missouri Valley Conference (men's soccer) |
| NCAA | Division I (FBS) |
| Athletic director | Sean Frazier |
| Location | DeKalb, Illinois |
| Varsity teams | 17 (7 men’s, 10 women’s) |
| Football stadium | Huskie Stadium |
| Basketball arena | NIU Convocation Center |
| Baseball stadium | Ralph McKinzie Field |
| Softball stadium | Mary M. Bell Field |
| Soccer stadium | NIU Soccer and Track & Field Complex |
| Other venues | Huskie Tennis Courts
North 40 Cross Country Course
Rich Harvest Farms
Soldier Field
Victor E. Court |
| Mascot | Victor E. Huskie (Costume) Mission Huskie (Live mascot) |
| Nickname | Huskies |
| Fight song | "Huskie Fight Song" |
| Colors | Cardinal and black
 |
| Website | www.niuhuskies.com |
|  | |


title: La Carrera de Otero

abstract: La Carrera is a locality and minor local entity located in the municipality of Villaobispo de Otero, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 122.

text:
# La Carrera de Otero

**La Carrera** is a locality and *minor local entity* located in the municipality of Villaobispo de Otero, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 122.

## Geography

La Carrera is located 53km west-southwest of León, Spain.

## InfoBox

| La Carrera | |
| --- | --- |
| Minor local entity | |
| La CarreraLa CarreraLa Carrera | |
| Coordinates: 42°30′36″N 6°2′37″W / 42.51000°N 6.04361°W / 42.51000; -6.04361 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Province of León |
| Municipality | Villaobispo de Otero |
| Elevation | 877 m (2,877 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 122 |


title: Trials 2: Second Edition

abstract: Trials 2: Second Edition is a racing video game developed and published by RedLynx. It is available for the Windows operating system through the developer's online store, and Valve's digital distribution system Steam. It was released on March 18, 2008 on the game's website, and May 28, 2008, on Steam. It is a remake of the 2007 game Trials 2.

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# Trials 2: Second Edition

***Trials 2: Second Edition*** is a racing video game developed and published by RedLynx. It is available for the Windows operating system through the developer's online store, and Valve's digital distribution system Steam. It was released on March 18, 2008 on the game's website, and May 28, 2008, on Steam. It is a remake of the 2007 game *Trials 2*.

## Gameplay

The objective of the game is to get from the start of the level to the end through a number of obstacles as fast as possible. The player must balance and control their speed so that they don't fall. There is a clock so that the player is pressured into completing the level faster, which ensures replayability. The game also has achievements, similar to Xbox 360 achievements. The game's multiplayer features include highscores, ghost challenge (where the user plays against the ghost of any other player in the high score list) and online player profiles with team, country and player statistics. The game uses 3-D graphics, but is played on a 2-D plane, so the player can only move forwards, backwards, up or down (not left or right).

## Reception

*Trials 2: Second Edition* was well received by critics. The game got an average score of 81% on GameRankings and 82% on Metacritic. GamingTrend gave it 85%, saying "Trials 2 is a throwback to old school gaming. It is a game that doesn't try to be too many things. It takes a single concept and executes it well." 2404.org gave it 9.1/10, simply saying "It's one of those games which hooks you immediately."

## InfoBox

| Trials 2: Second Edition | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | RedLynx |
| Publisher(s) | RedLynx |
| Series | *Trials* |
| Engine | RedLynx Theathre |
| Platform(s) | Windows |
| Release | March 18, 2008 |
| Genre(s) | Racing, platform |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |