title: The Scaredy Cats

abstract: The Scaredy Cats is a 2003 children's picture book by Barbara Bottner, and illustrated by Victoria Chess. It was first published by HarperCollins Publishers.

text:
# The Scaredy Cats

***The Scaredy Cats*** is a 2003 children's picture book by Barbara Bottner, and illustrated by Victoria Chess. It was first published by HarperCollins Publishers.

## Plot

The Scaredy Cat parents wakes up in the morning, they can't function because they are scared of things that could possibly happen. The Scaredy Cats live through a day of fear.

## Reception

Martha V. Parravano of *Horn Book Magazine* reviewed the book saying,

> Phobic children everywhere will be induced to laugh at their fears, and Bottner makes the book extra appealing (and, indeed, empowering) by making Baby Scaredy Cat the brave one--no adult lectures here. Don't expect the Scaredy Cats to change that much, though: Baby Scaredy Cat leads the way to a pretty tame approach to risk taking, with Chess's final vignette showing Baby demonstrating that well-known extreme sport, swinging.

Diane Roback of *Publishers Weekly* wrote,

> Along with inviting, cozy details (a wood-beamed ceiling, bright textiles and overstuffed sofas), she includes a fish-shaped planter, a bird in a bell jar, etc. As with Henry Allard and James Marshall's The Stupids, children will enjoy being braver than the Scaredy Cats themselves.

Trevelyn E. Jones, of *School Library Journal* reviewed the book saying, "This delightful tale humorously makes the point that the greatest risk in life may be in not taking one."

## InfoBox

The Scaredy Cats
| First edition cover (pub. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Barbara Bottner |
| Illustrator | Victoria Chess |
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing |
| Publication date | April 1, 2003 |
| ISBN | 978-0-689-83786-9 |


title: The Scarehouse

abstract: The Scarehouse is a 2014 Canadian horror film directed by Gavin Michael Booth. It stars Sarah Booth and Kimberly-Sue Murray as two women who seek revenge against their former sorority.

text:
# The Scarehouse

***The Scarehouse*** is a 2014 Canadian horror film directed by Gavin Michael Booth. It stars Sarah Booth and Kimberly-Sue Murray as two women who seek revenge against their former sorority.

## Premise

Six sorority sisters enter a Halloween haunted house attraction, only to discover that there are two former members who seek revenge on them for past misdeeds.

## Cast

* Sarah Booth as Corey Peters
* Kimberly-Sue Murray as Elaina Forrester
* Katherine Barrell as Jaqueline Gill
* Jennifer Miller as Lisa Jenner
* Teagan Vincze as Shelby Hickman
* Emily Alatalo as Katrina Larson
* Dani Barker as Emily Lewis
* Ivana Stojanovic as Caitlin Bowden

## Production

Pre-production was announced in July 2013. Filming took place in Windsor, Ontario, in August 2013. Shooting ended after 22 days, and the film entered post-production in September 2013. All of the Haunted House scenes were filmed entirely inside a real operational haunted attraction called Scarehouse Windsor

## Release

*The Scarehouse* premiered in Windsor on 5 October 2014. It was released to video on demand 13 January 2015 in the US and Canada.

## Reception

Kevin Scott of *Exclaim!* rated it 5/10 stars and wrote that though the film is repetitive, it has "gruesome creativity" and "twisted exuberance." Trace Thurman of Bloody Disgusting rated it 1.5/5 stars and stated, "The film's biggest issue is that it thinks it's hip, cool and funny; but it is none of those things." Matt Boiselle of Dread Central rated it 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "Aside from a few off-the-map plot stretches and fizzled attempts at black comedy, *The Scarehouse* steps ahead of the torture-porn genre for a brief moment." Ben Bussey of Brutal as Hell opined, "Gavin Michael Booth's film is out to provide a bit more than your textbook slasher/torture movie scares – and largely succeeds in doing so." Mark L. Miller of Ain't It Cool News wrote, "Full of unexpected turns and twists, *The Scarehouse* is not your typical revenge film. It takes some inventive kills and some interesting plot swerves and injects two characters played by two fantastic actresses;" while Horror Society rated it 8/10 stars and stated of its use of dual female antagonists, "*The Scarehouse* breaks the traditional horror film mold and keeps the new experiences going, too."

*The Scarehouse* won Best Feature Film at the New York City Horror Film Festival.

## Further reading

### Interviews

## InfoBox

| The Scarehouse | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Gavin Michael Booth |
| Screenplay by | Gavin Michael Booth |
| Story by | * Sarah Booth * Gavin Michael Booth |
| Produced by | * Mike Carriere * Jeremy Shell * Rhys Trenhaile |
| Starring | * Sarah Booth * Kimberly-Sue Murray * Katherine Barrell |
| Cinematography | Ian Macmillan |
| Edited by | Gavin Michael Booth |
| Music by | Adrian Ellis |
| Production<br>company | A Named Viking |
| Distributed by | D Films |
| Release date | * October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05) |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |
| Budget | C$273,000 |


title: The Southern Courier

abstract: The Southern Courier was a weekly newspaper published in Montgomery, Alabama, from 1965 to 1968, during the Civil Rights Movement. As one of a few newspapers to cover the movement with an emphasis on African-American communities in the South, it provided its readership with a comprehensive view of race relations and community and is considered an important source for historians.

text:
# The Southern Courier

***The Southern Courier*** was a weekly newspaper published in Montgomery, Alabama, from 1965 to 1968, during the Civil Rights Movement. As one of a few newspapers to cover the movement with an emphasis on African-American communities in the South, it provided its readership with a comprehensive view of race relations and community and is considered an important source for historians.

## History

### Preparation

In 1964, two students who had traveled to Mississippi to cover and assist in the Civil Rights Movement, Peter Cummings, a staff member of *The Harvard Crimson*, Harvard University's student newspaper, and Ellen Lake, formerly of the *Crimson*, were dismayed by the lack of coverage in the Southern papers and the sensationalist reporting of civil rights activities. They conceived of a newspaper that would cover issues not reported in the Southern newspapers, and often not in the national press.

As announced in *The Harvard Crimson*, the idea was to form a newspaper that would provide news about civil rights activities and protests in the Southern United States, which, the paper argued, was frequently underreported or ignored by Southern editors. Conversely, Northern newspapers had little distribution in the South. A newspaper that gave "a full and accurate account of the \[Civil Rights\] movement, its goals and tactics," with "fair reporting", would both provide better information about the South and simultaneously "advance the movement in the Negro community", and "would go far toward knitting the various Negro communities of the South together". The students raised money from private sources ($68,500 being the initial goal), since the editors did not expect to receive tax-exempt status given the heated nature of such a paper; thus large foundations would be unlikely to contribute. Once established in Montgomery, the organization achieved tax-exempt status.

### Founding in Atlanta, Move to Montgomery

The paper was a multiracial effort, and its reporters were asked to integrate into the localities they covered as much as possible, without being either unattached "drive-by" journalists or involved community activists. Michael S. Lottman, managing editor of *The Harvard Crimson* until 1962, became its editor in 1965 and again from 196668.

It was to be based out of Atlanta, Georgia, run by Harvard students, including a number of students from *The Harvard Crimson*. The paper was started with $30,000 of seed money, and reporters were paid $20 a week. The plan was to have separate papers for individual states. In the first summer it was based and printed in Atlanta. Then it moved to Montgomery, Alabama, a city that was the focus of much attention since the Selma to Montgomery marches earlier that year.

In September 1965, when Lottman returned to his newspaper job in Chicago, Robert Ellis Smith became editor; he had worked as a reporter at the *Detroit Free Press* and *Trenton Times* and had become anxious about the state of the country after the Sunday School bombing in Birmingham.

The weekly paper borrowed from *The Harvard Crimson* its six-column, six-page appearance, its allegiance to well-sourced and balanced stories, its professional headlines, its immediacy, its inclusion of items about the arts, TV, some sports, individual profiles, first-person accounts, and attention to all sides of the civil rights battle. On the tenth anniversary of the Montgomery bus Boycott in 1955, the paper published memoirs by Martin Luther King Jr., and Rosa Parks. Graphic dispatches from Tuskegee, Alabama, by executive editor Mary Ellen Gale, were highlights of many issues.

Lottman caught the essence of the paper in speaking of how it covered the core details of the federal "War on Poverty", "The coverage by the Courier was just about the only way, at that time, that readers found out what people in other places were doing, what kinds of issues others were confronting and letting them know that they were not alone."

Other editors and writers for the *Courier* included Stephen Cotton, originally from Chicago and later a student at Harvard's law school, an editor for the *Crimson*, and co-organizer (with Denis Hayes) of the first Earth Day events; and Marshall Bloom, who had gotten arrested in Selma in 1964 and later enrolled at Amherst College before founding the Liberation News Service with Ray Mungo.

### Funding

The *Courier* sustained itself, week to week, on paid mailed subscriptions outside the South, on revenues from street and door-to-door sales in two dozen communities in Alabama and nearby Mississippi, and importantly from a few grants from Northern-based foundations. The 30,000 papers were shipped every Thursday night by Greyhound buses throughout Alabama to "stringers" who distributed them locally (and for the most part provided news tips and written reports back to the Montgomery office). It cost about $10,000 per month. A $60,000 grant from the Ford Foundation in 1967 gave the paper another year, but in the end funding dried up, in part because opposition to the Vietnam War attracted more attention from donors in the late 1960s. On December 7, 1968, the last issue - the 150th consecutive issue - was printed and distributed.

### Legacy

Many of the *Courier*'s staff went on to work in law, public service, journalism, and causes devoted to social justice, with non-profit organizations. The chief photographer of the *Courier*' was Jim Peppler. The notable photos he took for the paper over its 3+12 years life are archived at the Alabama Department of Archives and History. Lottman said of Peppler, "He depicted people like the people who read - and who we wanted to read - the paper in ways they had never been seen in the local press."

A reunion was held in 2006 at Auburn University in Montgomery, on the occasion of the annual Clifford and Virginia Durr Lecture Series. One black man from a remote corner of southeast Alabama showed up with a copy of the paper, from 40 years earlier, simply to say thanks to the staff. At that gathering the former staff members established a web site, and made sure that back issues were available in digital and hard-copy form at appropriate libraries. Jon Lottman digitized the entire range of back issues and created a video of the reunion.

## Staff

Among the notable staff members of the Courier were:

* Viola Bradford, Alabama journalist and journalism teacher
* Stephen E. Cotton, Boston attorney and media director for the first Earth Day
* Geoffrey Cowan, former director of the Voice of America and professor and dean at University of Southern California's USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
* Gail Falk, veteran of Freedom Summer in Mississippi in 1964 and later advocate for persons with disabilities in the Department of Mental Health, Vermont
* James M. Fallows, White House speechwriter and long-time correspondent for The Atlantic Monthly
* Barbara Howard Flowers, Montgomery civil rights activist later affiliated with Tuskegee Institute before her death
* Mary Ellen Gale, journalist, constitutional law professor at Whittier Law School, California, and former elected member of the national board American Civil Liberties Union
* Mary Graham, former part owner of The Washington Post and author of books on the environment and health and safety
* Ellen Lake, employment-rights lawyer in Oakland
* Michael S. Lottman, Chicago journalist and mental-health patients-rights attorney in Tennessee and the Northeast U.S.
* Kenneth Lumpkin, a young man from Alabama whom Jim Peppler mentored as a photographer, later publisher of a small newspaper in Racine, Wisconsin
* Norman Lumpkin, pioneering TV newsman for WSFA in Montgomery
* Nelson Malden, Montgomery civil rights activist, intimate to Martin Luther King Jr., during the Bus Boycott and thereafter, and co-author of *The Colored Waiting Room*
* Henry Clay Moorer, a kid from Greenville, Alabama, who continued to write for the Courier when sent to Vietnam for military service
* James H. Peppler, former staff photographer for Newsday, Long Island, N.Y.
* Mertis Rubin, who joined the staff from Mendenhall, Mississippi, and outshone veteran reporters on the civil rights beat for major outlets, later a nurse before her death
* Robert Ellis Smith, publisher of Privacy Journal monthly newsletter and member of the District of Columbia Human Rights Commission.
* Joan C. Turnow, writing instructor and author
* James Willse, former editor of the Newark Star-Ledger and New York Daily News

### Bibliography


title: Marshmallow Coasting

abstract: Marshmallow Coasting is the third album by Marshmallow Coast, released in 2000.

text:
# Marshmallow Coasting

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Marshmallow Coasting*** is the third album by Marshmallow Coast, released in 2000.

## Critical reception

*PopMatters* wrote that the album's opening track may contain "the most bizarre mini-intro ever committed to disc". *Exclaim!* wrote that the "surreal bubble-gum pop hits its mark more often than not and steers clear of the sickly sweet and fey excesses of Of Montreal".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Lilypad" | 03:05 |
| 2. | "Hung Up" | 02:53 |
| 3. | "Golden Harp" | 02:32 |
| 4. | "Oblong Destiny" | 02:11 |
| 5. | "Bizarre Classical V" | 02:51 |
| 6. | "Lonliest Heart In Texas" | 02:40 |
| 7. | "Siddartha" | 03:04 |
| 8. | "Blow My Mind" | 03:04 |
| 9. | "Shimmering In a Bulb of Glass" | 02;29 |
| 10. | "There Will Come a Time" | 03:34 |
| 11. | "Bizarre Classical VI" | 02:33 |
| 12. | "In the Sea" | 02:15 |
| 13. | "Insane" | 02:07 |
| 14. | "Audience Is Deaf" | 01:06 |
| 15. | "Lil' Fun Machine" | 04:00 |
| 16. | "David and the Giant Crabs (Bonus Track)" | 03:29 |
| 17. | "Listen to Your Heart Beat (Bonus Track)" | 02:26 |
| Total length: | | 46:27 |

1. "Just Out". *CMJ New Music Monthly*. CMJ Network, Inc. October 9, 2000  via Google Books.
2. "Marshmallow Coasting - Marshmallow Coast | Songs, Reviews, Credits". *AllMusic*.
3. "Marshmallow Coast | Biography & History". *AllMusic*.
4. "The Marshmallow Coast: Marshmallow Coasting". *PopMatters*. 17 September 2000.
5. "Marshmallow Coast Marshmallow Coasting". *exclaim.ca*.

## InfoBox

| Marshmallow Coasting | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Marshmallow Coast | |
| Released | October 24, 2000 (2000-10-24) |
| Genre | Indie Pop
Indie Rock |
| Length | 46:27 |
| Label | Kindercore Records |
| Marshmallow Coast chronology | |
| *Timesquare (album)*
(2000) ***Marshmallow Coasting***
(2000) *Ride the Lightning (Marshmallow Coast album)*
(2001) | |


title: The Speech (fiction)

abstract: A trope in modern fantasy/science fiction is the idea of a central language that is the root of all languages, and in some cases the true describing words that made the universe.

text:
# The Speech (fiction)

A trope in modern fantasy/science fiction is the idea of a central language (often called **The Speech**) that is the root of all languages, and in some cases the true describing words that made the universe.

## Examples

Unifying characteristics of this language in many books include:

* allowing comprehension of all other languages, including those of animals
* a medium for magic
* a mode of communication for a high class of people
* difficult or impossible to lie in

A popular example of this is found in the *Young Wizards* series of novels by Diane Duane. All creatures and things understand and, to a degree, can speak the Speech intuitively, but specifically, it is the wizards who use it as their primary language and means of performing their works of magic. It is incredibly detailed and describes things that other languages cannot. Describing something inaccurately in the Speech may result in catastrophic effects (including changing the nature of the thing or being therein misdescribed); therefore, wizards are advised to never curse or lie in the Speech. Spells are described in the Speech; the wizard tells the object/subject what he/she wants to happen to it. With a final word, the spell can be let loose to do what it was supposed to do.

The written characters of "The Speech" are described in several of the books as resembling Arabic, and in Deep Wizardry, Nita's father mistakes the writing on the title page of Nita's Manual for Arabic letters.

Other examples:

* In the Pellinor series by Alison Croggon, the Bards of the land, magic users and Light bringers use the Speech, the ancient bardic language that activates magic.
* In Christopher Paolini's *Inheritance Cycle*, a dead language called the Ancient Language is used for spellcasting and by elves.
* In Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea series, the True Speech is the language of magic. It is the native language of dragons, but wizards must learn it by study. Humans cannot lie in it, but dragons can. It is known by many names: the Old Speech, the (True) Language/Speech/Words of the Making, True Words, the Eldest tongue, the Dragon tongue, spellwords.


title: Marlfield, Clonmel

abstract: Marlfield is a village three kilometres west of Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is within the townlands of Marlfield and Inishlounaght. It replaced an older settlement named Abbey, which had developed near the 12th century Cistercian community of Inislounaght Abbey.

text:
# Marlfield, Clonmel

**Marlfield** (Gaeilge:*Gort an Mharla*) is a village three kilometres west of Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is within the townlands of Marlfield and Inishlounaght. It replaced an older settlement named Abbey, which had developed near the 12th century Cistercian community of Inislounaght Abbey.

## Local industry

Marlfield developed as a minor regional industrial centre using water from a tributary of the river Suir as a source of power. In 1773-74, Stephen Moore's was the largest grain mill in the country, processing 15,382 cwt in its 'boulting mill' that year. The lake was artificially constructed to run mill machinery, eventually powering hydroelectric current for the 'Big House'. There were several grain and rapeseed mills near the lake which were superseded by a substantial distillery. Andrew Stein's Pot still at Marlfield was producing 8, 268 Imperial gallons of whiskey per week in 1818. It was eventually taken over by Jamesons before it too was closed. In 1886, Marlfield Embroideries was established by Mrs. Bagwell to give employment to local women and girls. Marlfield was for many generations the seat of the Bagwell family, who owned much of the land and other resources in the area. The terrace of houses and nearby school, which formed the core of the village, were built for the estate workers.

## Marlfield/Abbey during the famine

In 1837, ten years before the height of the famine, Marlfield was recorded as having a population of 1,123 inhabitants, many of whom were employed at John Stein's distillery. Like much of the rest of rural Ireland, the poor of Marlfield suffered greatly during the Great famine. While there were local acts of philanthropy to help alleviate starvation, there were documented cases where food convoys and barges transporting flour and grain were attacked by desperate residents. These incidents of 'lawlessness' were viewed with little sympathy by local establishment figures.

## Sport

The village is home to Marlfield GAA club, which promotes hurling in the area.

In 2009 Marlfield was the start and finish points for the 'Bill Hyland Memorial' cycle race. This is a road event organised annually by the Clonmel Cycle Club.

## People associated with Marlfield

## Points of local interest

* Marlfield House. Burned by anti-Treaty Republicans in January, 1923, and subsequently rebuilt.
* St. Patrick's Church.
* Marlfield Cottage, Moore’s Road.
* Marlfield Lake. Artificial reservoir fed by springs at St. Patrick's Well, it was used to supply power to local mills. It is now a wildlife sanctuary and public amenity.
* St. Patrick's Well
* Sandybanks. Formerly a favourite swimming area on the Suir. During summer holidays, large crowds from Clonmel made their way here to swim before the provision of the town's first indoor pool in 1973.
* Memorial to local soldiers who died in the 1914-18 war.

## InfoBox

| Marlfield *Gort an Mharla* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Former village school and estate cottages. | |
| MarlfieldLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°20′53″N 7°44′49″W / 52.348056°N 7.746944°W / 52.348056; -7.746944 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Tipperary |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Irish Grid Reference | S 1729 2182 |


title: Martial Iorss

abstract: Martial Iorss was a French Polynesian politician. He served as a member of the Territorial Assembly between 1953 and 1957.

text:
# Martial Iorss

**Martial Iorss** (12 January 1891 – 7 May 1966) was a French Polynesian politician. He served as a member of the Territorial Assembly between 1953 and 1957.

## Biography

Iorss was born Taiohae in 1891. He studied in Papeete and worked as a teacher in Mataiea for two years, before moving into commerce. After four years of military service during World War I he returned to commerce. In 1929 he was appointed Chief Clerk in the court system, a role he held until 1940. He was president of the Racing Society between 1929 and 1933 and the Yacht Club from 1932 until 1940 and also headed the Society of Tahitian Youth.

Iorss was elected to the Territorial Assembly in the Papeete constituency in the 1953 elections as a representative of the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance. He served until 1957.

In 1961 he published a book on Tahitian grammar. He died in May 1966 at his home in the Paofai area of Papeete.

## InfoBox

| Martial Iorss | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Territorial Assembly for Papeete | |
| **In office**
1953–1957 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 January 1891
Taiohae, Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia |
| Died | 7 May 1966(1966-05-07) (aged 75)
Papeete, French Polynesia |
|  | |


title: Fonseca Sinfónico

abstract: Fonseca Sinfónico, also simply known as Sinfónico, is collaborative live album by Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca in collaboration with the National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia, released first in United States on July 9, 2014, and more later on July 29, 2014 in Latin America by EMI Mexico. Is the second live album Fonseca, since Live Bogotá (2010). The album was engineered by Eduardo Bergallo and arranged and co-produced by Colombian film composer Juan Andres Otalora. At the Latin Grammy Awards of 2014, the album won the award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album, and was nominated Album of the Year.

text:
# Fonseca Sinfónico

***Fonseca Sinfónico***, also simply known as ***Sinfónico*** (English: Symphonic), is collaborative live album by Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca in collaboration with the National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia, released first in United States on July 9, 2014, and more later on July 29, 2014 in Latin America by EMI Mexico. Is the second live album Fonseca, since *Live Bogotá* (2010).

The album was engineered by Eduardo Bergallo (*11 Episodios Sinfonicos*) and arranged and co-produced by Colombian film composer Juan Andres Otalora. At the Latin Grammy Awards of 2014, the album won the award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album, and was nominated Album of the Year.

## Track listing

*Fonseca — Sinfónico Con La Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia* — Standard edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Corazón" | 4:59 |
| 2. | "Te Mando Flores" | 4:40 |
| 3. | "Beautiful Sunshine" | 4:16 |
| 4. | "Enrédame" | 4:32 |
| 5. | "Sabré Olvidar" | 4:26 |
| 6. | "Arroyito" | 4:07 |
| 7. | "Quiero Saber" | 4:55 |
| 8. | "Paraíso" | 5:05 |
| 9. | "Abecedario" | 4:38 |
| 10. | "Ay Amor" | 3:19 |
| 11. | "Eres Mi Sueño" | 4:36 |
| 12. | "Prometo" | 3:53 |
| 13. | "Angel Eyes" | 4:05 |
| 14. | "What a Wonderful World" | 4:21 |

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Latin Pop Albums (*Billboard*) | 15 |
| US Classical Albums (*Billboard*) | 17 |
|

## InfoBox

| Sinfónico | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Fonseca and Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia | |
| Released | 9 July 2014 (2014-07-09) |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Length | 61:52 CD |
| Label |  |
| Director | Paul Dury |
|  | |
| Fonseca chronology | |
| *Grandes Éxitos*
(2013) ***Sinfónico***
(2014) | |
| Fonseca video chronology | |
| *Live Bogotá*
(2010) ***Sinfónico***
(2011) | |
|  | |


title: Martin Muller (rugby union)

abstract: Martin Dirk Muller is a South African rugby union player, played with Hong Kong Premiership side Valley RFC. His regular playing position is lock.

text:
# Martin Muller (rugby union)

**Martin Dirk Muller** (born 23 March 1988) is a South African rugby union player, played with Hong Kong Premiership side Valley RFC. His regular playing position is lock.

## Career

He represented Western Province at youth level and made his debut for them during the 2009 Vodacom Cup, coming on as a substitute in their match against the Mighty Elephants. Less than two months after his first class debut, he also played his first Super Rugby match for the Stormers in their match against the Chiefs.

In 2010, he moved to Kimberley to join Griquas. After just one appearance, he was included in the Cheetahs Super Rugby team and made eleven appearances for them. He joined the Free State Cheetahs at the start of 2013, but suffered a groin injury and never made an appearance for them.

After it was initially announced that he would join Welsh team Newport Gwent Dragons for 2013–14, the deal fell through and he linked up with the Golden Lions prior to the 2013 Currie Cup Premier Division instead. He didn't recover from injury to feature for them in 2013, but he did make his debut for the Golden Lions in the 2014 Vodacom Cup. After two appearances in that competition, he was elevated to the Super Rugby side, making five appearances during the 2014 season.

Despite media sources reporting that he signed for French side Oyonnax for the 2014–2015 season, Muller remained in Johannesburg and appeared in ten of the Golden Lions' matches of the 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division, including playing in the 2014 Currie Cup.

## InfoBox

Martin Muller
| Full name | Martin Dirk Muller |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1988-03-23) 23 March 1988 |
| Place of birth | Cape Town, South Africa |
| Height | 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 110 kg (17 st 5 lb; 243 lb) |
| School | Bishops College |
| University | University of Cape Town / <br>University of South Africa |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Lock  Youth career  2006–2008 Western Province  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2008–2010 UCT Ikey Tigers  14  (0)  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2009–2010 Western Province  22  (5)  2009 Stormers  3  (0)  2011–2012 Griquas  23  (5)  2011 Cheetahs  11  (0)  2013 Free State Cheetahs  0  (0)  2014–2016 Golden Lions XV  12  (0)  2014–2016 Golden Lions  20  (5)  2014–2016 Lions  16  (0)  2016–present Valley RFC   ()  Correct as of 25 October 2016  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2006 South Africa Schools    2007  South Africa Under-19    2008 South Africa Under-20  5  (5)  2009 South Africa Students  2  (0)  2016 Barbarians  3  (0)  Correct as of 8 November 2016 | |


title: Marreco Futsal

abstract: Associação Amigos do Marreco Futsal, is a Brazilian futsal club from Francisco Beltrão founded in 2007 which plays in Liga Futsal.

text:
# Marreco Futsal

**Associação Amigos do Marreco Futsal**, is a Brazilian futsal club from Francisco Beltrão founded in 2007 which plays in Liga Futsal.

## Club honours

### State competitions

## Current squad

*As of 23 May 2019*

| # | Position | Name | Nationality |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Goalkeeper | Marquinhos |  |
| 3 | Defender | Fabiano Assad |  |
| 6 | Universal | Alexandre Pintinho |  |
| 8 | Winger | Felipe Monteiro |  |
| 10 | Pivot | Sinoê |  |
| 11 | Winger | Sol Sales |  |
| 13 | Defender | Douglas Moraes |  |
| 14 | Winger | Glauber da Silva |  |
| 15 | Goalkeeper | Quinzinho |  |
| 17 | Defender | Kauê Araújo |  |
| 18 | Pivot | Paulo Felipe |  |
| 19 | Winger | Pedro Rei |  |
| 20 | Goalkeeper | Di Fanti |  |
| 21 | Winger | Paulinho |  |
| 31 | Winger | Juninho |  |
| 50 | Goalkeeper | Carlos Oliveira |  |
| 77 | Winger | Zequinha |  |
| 91 | Winger | Juninho Carioca |  |
| 93 | Defender | Max Pinheiro |  |
| 99 | Winger | Fabinho |  |
|

## InfoBox

Marreco Futsal
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Associação Amigos do Marreco Futsal |
| Founded | 15 November 2007 (2007-11-15) |
| Ground | Complexo Esportivo Arrudão |
| Capacity | 3,500 |
| Chairman | Ivo Dolinski |
| Coach | Banana |
| League | LNF |
| 2022 | Overall table: 14th of 22<br>Playoffs: Round of 16 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Marrecas River (Belo River tributary)

abstract: The Marrecas River is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Belo River.

text:
# Marrecas River (Belo River tributary)

The **Marrecas River** is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Belo River.

## InfoBox

| Marrecas River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Paraná state |
|  | |
| Mouth | Belo River |
| coordinates | 24°48′S 51°20′W / 24.800°S 51.333°W / -24.800; -51.333 |


title: Fluoroantimonate

abstract: The fluoroantimonates are a family of polyatomic weakly coordinating anions composed of antimony and fluorine, consisting of the fluorine adducts of antimony pentafluoride, [(SbF5)nF]−. They occur in the internal chemistry of fluoroantimonic acid. The most notable fluoroantimonates are hexafluoroantimonate [SbF6]− and undecafluorodiantimonate [Sb2F11]−. Both are used as components of ionic liquids and as weakly coordinating anions in the study of highly reactive cations.

text:
# Fluoroantimonate

The **fluoroantimonates** are a family of polyatomic weakly coordinating anions composed of antimony and fluorine, consisting of the fluorine adducts of antimony pentafluoride, \[(SbF5)*n*F\]. They occur in the internal chemistry of fluoroantimonic acid.

The most notable fluoroantimonates are **hexafluoroantimonate** \[SbF6\] and **undecafluorodiantimonate** \[Sb2F11\]. Both are used as components of ionic liquids and as weakly coordinating anions in the study of highly reactive cations.

## Properties

Hexafluoroantimonate is the conjugate base of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid HF·SbF6. As fluoroantimonic acid is one of the strongest known acids (only weaker than the helium hydride ion and potentially some carborane acids), hexafluoroantimonate is one of the weakest known bases.

Higher fluoroantimonates are believed to be even less basic

## Synthesis

Fluoroantimonates result from the fluorination of antimony pentafluoride. SbF5 is an extremely strong Lewis acid, especially towards fluoride sources.

### In fluoroantimonic acid

In solutions of fluoroantimonic acid, the extreme Lewis acidity of SbF5 towards fluoride overcomes the very low basicity of hydrogen fluoride and strips it of its bonding electrons and fluoride. This forces HF to act as a Brønsted–Lowry base, producing the solvated protons which account for the mixture's superacidity:

2 HF + SbF5\[H2F\]+ \[SbF6\]

While fluoroantimonic acid is often depicted according to the above - roughly analogous to the autooxidation of water into hydronium and hydroxide \- this reaction is an oversimplification. In addition to reacting with hydrogen fluoride, excess SbF5 is also capable of forming Lewis adducts with fluoroantimonates, yielding a higher fluoroantimonate:

SbF5 \+ \[SbF6\]\[Sb2F11\]

As fluoroantimonic acid is often mixed in a 1:1 ratio, \[Sb2F11\] is the dominant anion in the solution. Further, solvated protons are not limited to \[H2F\]+, and can form heavier cations such as \[H3F2\]+ or \[H4F3\]+, leaving more SbF5 to react and form higher fluoroantimonate ions.

### As salts

Fluoroantimonates may be crystallised from a solution of fluoroantimonic acid with some cation. The most common salts are of \[SbF6\], but salts of \[Sb2F11\] and \[Sb4F21\] have been isolated in the laboratory.

As fluoroantimonic acid and antimony pentafluoride are highly reactive, other routes to fluoroantimonates are industrially desirable. Fluorination of antimonate and of antimony trioxide (with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant) with HF as a solvent can yield fluoroantimonates from metal fluoride salts.

## Applications

As weakly coordinating anions, fluoroantimonates can be used to study highly reactive cations. Examples include hydronium (crystallised from magic acid as the undecafluorodiantimonate), fluoronium (directly crystallised from fluoroantimonic acid as the undecafluorodiantimonate), noble gas-noble metal cations such as tetraxenonogold(II) (as the undecafluorodiantimonate) and xenonomercury(II) (as a mixed salt of hexafluoroantimonate and undecafluoroantimonate), and derivatives or complexes of platinum group metals.

Fluoroantimonate is also a component of ionic liquids used in catalysis.


title: For Sale: Live at Maxwell's 1986

abstract: For Sale: Live at Maxwell's 1986 is a 2017 live album by the American alternative rock band The Replacements. Recorded at the famous Maxwell's at the height of the band's commercial and creative arc, it is one of the few good recordings of their live performances. The band's only previous live album—1985's The Shit Hits the Fans—was a limited cassette tape release which features poor audio quality and several false starts and stops on songs. In 2007, bassist Tommy Stinson stated that "There are no good Replacements live recordings", in part due to a lack of high-quality recordings and in part due to the band's notoriously sloppy performances due to alcohol abuse. The album was produced by Bob Mehr, who wrote the 2016 biography of the band Trouble Boys: The True Story of the Replacements.

text:
# For Sale: Live at Maxwell's 1986

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 86/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *American Songwriter* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.7/10 |

***For Sale: Live at Maxwell's 1986*** is a 2017 live album by the American alternative rock band The Replacements. Recorded at the famous Maxwell's at the height of the band's commercial and creative arc, it is one of the few good recordings of their live performances. The band's only previous live album—1985's *The Shit Hits the Fans*—was a limited cassette tape release which features poor audio quality and several false starts and stops on songs. In 2007, bassist Tommy Stinson stated that "There are no good Replacements live recordings", in part due to a lack of high-quality recordings and in part due to the band's notoriously sloppy performances due to alcohol abuse. The album was produced by Bob Mehr, who wrote the 2016 biography of the band *Trouble Boys: The True Story of the Replacements*.

## Recording

The album was recorded with a mobile recording studio as an attempt to market the band by Seymour Stein of Sire/Warner Bros. Records but was canceled after guitarist Bob Stinson left the band a few months later.

## Track listing

All songs written by Paul Westerberg, except where noted.

**Disc one**

1. "Hayday"
2. "Color Me Impressed"
3. "Dose of Thunder" (Chris Mars, Tommy Stinson, Paul Westerberg)
4. "Fox on the Run" (Brian Connolly, Steve Priest, Andy Scott, Mick Tucker)
5. "Hold My Life"
6. "I Will Dare"
7. "Favorite Thing" (Paul Westerberg, Tommy Stinson, Bob Stinson, Chris Mars)
8. "Unsatisfied"
9. "Can't Hardly Wait"
10. "Tommy Gets His Tonsils Out" (Paul Westerberg, Tommy Stinson, Bob Stinson, Chris Mars)
11. "Takin' a Ride"
12. "Bastards of Young"
13. "Kiss Me on the Bus"
14. "Black Diamond" (Paul Stanley)

**Disc two**

1. "Johnny's Gonna Die"
2. "Otto"
3. "I'm in Trouble"
4. "Left of the Dial"
5. "God Damn Job"
6. "Answering Machine"
7. "Waitress in the Sky"
8. "Take Me Down to the Hospital"
9. "Gary's Got a Boner" (Paul Westerberg, Tommy Stinson, Bob Stinson, Chris Mars, Ted Nugent)
10. "If Only You Were Lonely"
11. "Baby Strange" (Marc Bolan)
12. "Hitchin' a Ride" (Peter Callander, Mitch Murray)
13. "Nowhere Man" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)
14. "Go"
15. "Fuck School" (Paul Westerberg, Tommy Stinson, Bob Stinson, Chris Mars)

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 52 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (*Billboard*) | 6 |
| US Top Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 9 |

## InfoBox

| For Sale: Live at Maxwell's 1986 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by The Replacements | |
| Released | October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06) |
| Recorded | February 4, 1986 |
| Venue | Maxwell's, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Label | Rhino |
| Producer | Bob Mehr |
| The Replacements chronology | |
| *Songs for Slim*
(2013) ***For Sale: Live at Maxwell's 1986***
(2017) *Dead Man's Pop*
(2019) | |


title: The Simple Image

abstract:
The Simple Image was a New Zealand rock band that was popular in the 1960s. They achieved four top ten hits including a chart topper with the song, "Spinning, Spinning, Spinning". The original members were Barry Leef on guitar and lead vocals, Ron (Cass) Gascoigne on bass guitar and vocals, Harry Leki on lead guitar and vocals, and Gordon Wylie on drums.
There was a lineup change in the late 1960s bringing in Doug Smith on lead vocals and Bruce Walker on keyboards and vocals. The band moved to Australia in July 1969. After a short stint at "Lucifers" nightclub, they took up residency at The Whiskey A Go Go in Kings Cross Sydney. The original drummer left and was replaced by Wayne Allen from Christchurch, NZ. Doug Smith was replaced by original lead Vocalist Barry Leef. After 20 months, the band dissolved.

text:
# The Simple Image

**The Simple Image** was a New Zealand rock band that was popular in the 1960s. They achieved four top ten hits including a chart topper with the song, "Spinning, Spinning, Spinning".

The original members were Barry Leef on guitar and lead vocals, Ron (Cass) Gascoigne on bass guitar and vocals, Harry Leki on lead guitar and vocals, and Gordon Wylie on drums. There was a lineup change in the late 1960s bringing in Doug Smith on lead vocals and Bruce Walker on keyboards and vocals.

The band moved to Australia in July 1969. After a short stint at "Lucifers" nightclub, they took up residency at The Whiskey A Go Go in Kings Cross Sydney. The original drummer left and was replaced by Wayne Allen from Christchurch, NZ. Doug Smith was replaced by original lead Vocalist Barry Leef.

After 20 months, the band dissolved.

## Singles

* "Two Kinds Of Lovers"/"Summer Wine" *#11* \[NZ\] March 1968
* "Spinning Spinning Spinning"/"Shy Boy" *#1* \[NZ\] July 1968
* "Little Bell That Cried"/"I Wanna Go To Heaven" *#9* \[NZ\]
* "Hold Me Tight"/"Tomorrow Is Another Day" *DNC*
* "Grooviest Girl In The World"/"Make Time Stand Still" *#3* \[NZ\]
* "Send Me No More Letters"/"Goodbye Birds" *DNC*
* "Michael and His Slipper Tree"/"Mean So Much" *#7* \[NZ\] September 1969


title: The Simp

abstract: The Simp is an extant 1920 silent comedy film starring Lloyd Hamilton. It is a Hamilton and Jack White production distributed by Educational Pictures. The film was directed by Owen Davis and Arthur Roch. A dog features in one of its episodes. Various filming techniques are used to comedic effect. The cast features a man bumbling through various scenarios. It was also released as a Pathescope film. A colored lobby card for the film picturing Hamilton, Marvel Rea, and a dog survives. Billy Dooley used a similar wringing out the wet dog routine in the 1926 film Briny Boob as did Shemp Howard in the 1952 film He Cooked His Goose.

text:
# The Simp

***The Simp*** is an extant 1920 silent comedy film starring Lloyd Hamilton. It is a Hamilton and Jack White production distributed by Educational Pictures. The film was directed by Owen Davis and Arthur Roch.

A dog features in one of its episodes. Various filming techniques are used to comedic effect. The cast features a man bumbling through various scenarios. It was also released as a Pathescope film.

A colored lobby card for the film picturing Hamilton, Marvel Rea, and a dog survives.

Billy Dooley used a similar wringing out the wet dog routine in the 1926 film *Briny Boob* as did Shemp Howard in the 1952 film *He Cooked His Goose*.

## Cast


title: Parapetrobius azoricus

abstract: Parapetrobius azoricus is a species of jumping bristletails, in the family Machilidae, that inhabits the Azores. It is the only species in Parapetrobius. The species were first identified by Portuguese entomologist, Luis Fernando Marques Mendes in 1980, on the Formigas Islets, a group of small rocky outcrops in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago. The species were also subsequently found in the Lajes coastal area on Pico Island.

text:
# Parapetrobius azoricus

***Parapetrobius azoricus*** is a species of jumping bristletails, in the family Machilidae, that inhabits the Azores. It is the only species in Parapetrobius.

The species were first identified by Portuguese entomologist, Luis Fernando Marques Mendes in 1980, on the Formigas Islets, a group of small rocky outcrops in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago. The species were also subsequently found in the Lajes coastal area on Pico Island.

## InfoBox

| *Parapetrobius azoricus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Archaeognatha |
| Family: | Machilidae |
| Genus: | *Parapetrobius* |
| Species: | ***P. azoricus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parapetrobius azoricus***
Mendes, 1980 | |
|


title: Zhang Mingyu

abstract: Zhang Mingyu is a Chinese modern pentathlete. She won the gold medal in the women's individual event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.

text:
# Zhang Mingyu

**Zhang Mingyu** (simplified Chinese: 张明煜; traditional Chinese: 張明煜; pinyin: *Zhāng Míngyù*; born 3 October 2001) is a Chinese modern pentathlete. She won the gold medal in the women's individual event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.

## InfoBox

Zhang Mingyu
| Zhang Mingyu in 2018 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (2001-10-03) 3 October 2001 |
| Sport | |
| Country | China |
| Sport | Modern pentathlon |
| Medal record      Women's modern pentathlon   Representing   China   Asian Games   2018 Jakarta  Individual  2022 Hangzhou  Individual  2022 Hangzhou  Tram | |


title: Javer Hurshiti

abstract: Javer Hurshiti was an Albanian military and political figure.

text:
# Javer Hurshiti

**Javer Hurshiti** was an Albanian military and political figure.

## Biography

Hurshiti was born in 1880 (or 1883) in Caucasus and he was the adoptive son of Maliq Pashë Libohova, from Libohovë. He was adopted in Istanbul and his mother was probably a Nubian mistress.

Hurshiti studied in Istanbul and returned to Gjirokastër right before the turbulent times in the eve of Albanian Declaration of Independence. As an opponent of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus he was imprisoned shortly in Corfu.

The Vlora War would find him as commander of the volunteer troops from Gjirokastër when he showed his military skills. His political career before World War II includes positions as Mayor of Gjirokastër in 1920, acting prefect in 1924, and member of the Albanian Parliament in 1925, during the last one he would be the initiator of bringing to Gjirokastër the remains of Çerçiz Topulli (1880-1915), a process of which the future communist leader Enver Hoxha would attribute to himself all credits.

Under the Italian occupation he was elected member of the State Council, and after Minister of Popular Culture in the short-lived government of Maliq Bushati from 12 February to 28 April 1943. In August 1943 he was Inspector General in the Prime Minister's office. His last assignment would be as prefect of Shkodër from January 1944. He was arrested and sent to the communist Special Court in 1945, which sentenced him to death as "collaborationist" and "enemy of the people" like many other politicians of the pre-communist era.


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Loudoun County, Virginia. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map. There are 98 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks. Another property was once listed but has been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Loudoun County, Virginia

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Loudoun County, Virginia**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 98 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks. Another property was once listed but has been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Aldie Mill Historic District |  | September 15, 1970
(#70000806) | Both sides of U.S. Route 50 from east of Tail Race Rd. to west of Meetinghouse Ln.
38°58′31″N 77°38′28″W / 38.975278°N 77.641111°W / 38.975278; -77.641111 (Aldie Mill Historic District) | Aldie |  |
| 2 | Arcola Elementary School |  | June 5, 2013
(#13000363) | 24244 Gum Spring Rd.
38°56′52″N 77°32′14″W / 38.947778°N 77.537222°W / 38.947778; -77.537222 (Arcola Elementary School) | Arcola |  |
| 3 | Arcola Slave Quarters |  | November 26, 2008
(#08001113) | 24837 Evergreen Mills Rd.
38°56′49″N 77°31′43″W / 38.946833°N 77.528611°W / 38.946833; -77.528611 (Arcola Slave Quarters) | Arcola |  |
| 4 | Ashburn Presbyterian Church |  | August 5, 1999
(#99000962) | 20962 Ashburn Rd.
39°02′19″N 77°29′08″W / 39.038611°N 77.485556°W / 39.038611; -77.485556 (Ashburn Presbyterian Church) | Leesburg |  |
| 5 | Ball's Bluff Battlefield Historic District and National Cemetery |  | April 27, 1984
(#84003880) | Ball's Bluff
39°07′55″N 77°31′39″W / 39.131944°N 77.527500°W / 39.131944; -77.527500 (Ball's Bluff Battlefield Historic District and National Cemetery) | Leesburg |  |
| 6 | Bear's Den Rural Historic District |  | May 14, 2009
(#08001112) | Generally runs along both sides of the ridge along parts of Raven Rocks and Blue Ridge Mountain Rds.
39°06′32″N 77°50′54″W / 39.108889°N 77.848333°W / 39.108889; -77.848333 (Bear's Den Rural Historic District) | Bluemont |  |
| 7 | Belmont |  | February 8, 1980
(#80004198) | 1.8 miles (2.9 km) north of Ashburn
39°04′10″N 77°29′29″W / 39.069444°N 77.491389°W / 39.069444; -77.491389 (Belmont) | Ashburn |  |
| 8 | Benton |  | June 14, 1984
(#84003545) | Snake Hill Rd.
39°00′11″N 77°45′58″W / 39.003056°N 77.766111°W / 39.003056; -77.766111 (Benton) | Middleburg |  |
| 9 | Bluemont Historic District |  | February 23, 1984
(#84003546) | Snickersville Turnpike and Clayton Hall Rd.
39°06′40″N 77°50′04″W / 39.111111°N 77.834444°W / 39.111111; -77.834444 (Bluemont Historic District) | Bluemont |  |
| 10 | Broad Run Bridge and Tollhouse |  | April 17, 1970
(#70000808) | Junction of State Routes  and State Route 28 with Broad Run
39°02′49″N 77°25′59″W / 39.046944°N 77.433194°W / 39.046944; -77.433194 (Broad Run Bridge and Tollhouse) | Sterling |  |
| 11 | Brown-Koerner House |  | August 15, 2016
(#16000531) | 38340 Winsome Trail Ln.
39°10′23″N 77°40′28″W / 39.173056°N 77.674444°W / 39.173056; -77.674444 (Brown-Koerner House) | Purcellville |  |
| 12 | Carlheim |  | December 28, 1979
(#79003050) | North of Leesburg on U.S. Route 15
39°07′22″N 77°33′16″W / 39.122778°N 77.554444°W / 39.122778; -77.554444 (Carlheim) | Leesburg |  |
| 13 | Catoctin Creek Bridge |  | June 25, 1974
(#74002136) | Featherbed Ln., north of Waterford
39°13′56″N 77°35′29″W / 39.232222°N 77.591389°W / 39.232222; -77.591389 (Catoctin Creek Bridge) | Waterford |  |
| 14 | Clapham's Ferry |  | September 4, 1997
(#97001076) | 44344 E. Spinks Ferry Rd.
39°13′21″N 77°27′52″W / 39.222500°N 77.464444°W / 39.222500; -77.464444 (Clapham's Ferry) | Leesburg |  |
| 15 | Cleremont Farm |  | January 25, 1997
(#96001627) | Eastern side of Trappe Rd., 0.6 miles (0.97 km) northeast of Millville Rd.
39°02′53″N 77°51′49″W / 39.048056°N 77.863611°W / 39.048056; -77.863611 (Cleremont Farm) | Upperville |  |
| 16 | Crednal |  | February 22, 2011
(#11000034) | 34500 Welbourne Rd.
39°00′22″N 77°48′41″W / 39.006111°N 77.811389°W / 39.006111; -77.811389 (Crednal) | Unison |  |
| 17 | Douglass High School |  | September 24, 1992
(#92001274) | 408 E. Market St.
39°06′35″N 77°33′17″W / 39.109722°N 77.554722°W / 39.109722; -77.554722 (Douglass High School) | Leesburg |  |
| 18 | Ebenezer Baptist Churches |  | June 3, 1994
(#94000548) | Northwestern corner of the junction of Airmont and Ebenezer Church Rds.
39°03′30″N 77°48′42″W / 39.058333°N 77.811667°W / 39.058333; -77.811667 (Ebenezer Baptist Churches) | Bloomfield |  |
| 19 | Ellwood |  | February 11, 2004
(#04000054) | 17360 Count Turf Place
39°08′09″N 77°35′15″W / 39.135833°N 77.587500°W / 39.135833; -77.587500 (Ellwood) | Leesburg |  |
| 20 | Fair Oaks |  | February 6, 2014
(#13001171) | 23718 New Mountain Rd.
38°57′45″N 77°38′00″W / 38.962500°N 77.633333°W / 38.962500; -77.633333 (Fair Oaks) | Aldie |  |
| 21 | Farmer's Delight |  | June 2, 1973
(#73002033) | About 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Middleburg off Mountville Rd.
39°01′11″N 77°45′12″W / 39.019722°N 77.753333°W / 39.019722; -77.753333 (Farmer's Delight) | Leithtown |  |
| 22 | Fleetwood Farm |  | February 1, 1991
(#90002172) | Evergreen Mills Rd. south of the junction with Red Hill Rd.
38°59′20″N 77°33′44″W / 38.988889°N 77.562222°W / 38.988889; -77.562222 (Fleetwood Farm) | Arcola |  |
| 23 | Francis-Gulick Mill |  | February 1, 2006
(#05001582) | Northern side of Goose Creek
39°01′39″N 77°33′27″W / 39.027500°N 77.557500°W / 39.027500; -77.557500 (Francis-Gulick Mill) | Leesburg |  |
| 24 | Furr Farm |  | August 17, 2012
(#12000541) | 40590 Snickersville Turnpike
38°59′30″N 77°39′45″W / 38.991667°N 77.662500°W / 38.991667; -77.662500 (Furr Farm) | Aldie |  |
| 25 | Glebe of Shelburne Parish |  | April 1, 1975
(#75002023) | 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Lincoln off Shelburne Glebe Rd.
39°04′13″N 77°40′32″W / 39.070278°N 77.675556°W / 39.070278; -77.675556 (Glebe of Shelburne Parish) | Lincoln |  |
| 26 | Amos Goodin House |  | June 12, 2017
(#100001081) | 37738 Wright Farm Dr.
39°09′01″N 77°41′54″W / 39.150278°N 77.698333°W / 39.150278; -77.698333 (Amos Goodin House) | Purcellville |  |
| 27 | Goose Creek Historic District |  | November 14, 1982
(#82001822) | Roughly bounded by the town of Purcellville and Greggsville, Harmony Church, Mount Gilead, North Fork, Sands, and Telegraph Springs Rds.
39°06′51″N 77°41′50″W / 39.114167°N 77.697222°W / 39.114167; -77.697222 (Goose Creek Historic District) | Lincoln |  |
| 28 | Goose Creek Meetinghouse Complex |  | July 24, 1974
(#74002135) | South of State Route 7
39°06′49″N 77°41′41″W / 39.113611°N 77.694722°W / 39.113611; -77.694722 (Goose Creek Meetinghouse Complex) | Lincoln |  |
| 29 | Goose Creek Stone Bridge |  | October 9, 1974
(#74002134) | Northwest of Atoka off U.S. Route 50
38°58′54″N 77°49′08″W / 38.981667°N 77.818889°W / 38.981667; -77.818889 (Goose Creek Stone Bridge) | Atoka |  |
| 30 | Green Garden |  | July 24, 2007
(#07000769) | 22439 Green Garden Rd.
38°59′57″N 77°51′43″W / 38.999167°N 77.861944°W / 38.999167; -77.861944 (Green Garden) | Upperville |  |
| 31 | Hamilton Masonic Lodge |  | December 9, 1999
(#99001505) | 43 S. Rogers St.
39°08′02″N 77°39′53″W / 39.133889°N 77.664861°W / 39.133889; -77.664861 (Hamilton Masonic Lodge) | Hamilton |  |
| 32 | Harpers Ferry National Historical Park |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000041) | At the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers
39°19′00″N 77°41′40″W / 39.316667°N 77.694444°W / 39.316667; -77.694444 (Harpers Ferry National Historical Park) | Harpers Ferry |  |
| 33 | Hibbs Bridge |  | March 1, 2011
(#11000067) | Snickersville Turnpike, 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Aldie between Hibbs Bridge Rd. to the south and Watermill Rd. to the north
39°02′15″N 77°43′22″W / 39.0375°N 77.722778°W / 39.0375; -77.722778 (Hibbs Bridge) | Mountville |  |
| 34 | Hillsboro Historic District |  | May 7, 1979
(#79003049) | State Route 9; also Charles Town Pike, between Hillsboro Rd. and Stony Point Rd.
39°11′56″N 77°43′28″W / 39.198889°N 77.724444°W / 39.198889; -77.724444 (Hillsboro Historic District) | Hillsboro | Charles Town Pike represents a boundary increase of March 23, 2012 |
| 35 | Home Farm |  | August 10, 2007
(#07000828) | 40332 Mount Gilead Rd.
39°04′36″N 77°36′32″W / 39.076667°N 77.608750°W / 39.076667; -77.608750 (Home Farm) | Leesburg |  |
| 36 | Bernard Hough House |  | August 9, 2021
(#100006815) | 15563 Hillsboro Rd.
39°11′11″N 77°43′12″W / 39.1864°N 77.7200°W / 39.1864; -77.7200 (Bernard Hough House) | Hillsboro vicinity |  |
| 37 | Huntland |  | December 24, 2013
(#13000990) | 35955 Huntland Farm Rd.
39°00′44″N 77°45′45″W / 39.012222°N 77.762500°W / 39.012222; -77.762500 (Huntland) | Middleburg |  |
| 38 | James Farm |  | March 18, 2019
(#100003543) | 15021 Mountain Rd.
39°12′11″N 77°42′56″W / 39.203056°N 77.715556°W / 39.203056; -77.715556 (James Farm) | Purcellville |  |
| 39 | Janelia |  | March 20, 1987
(#86003596) | North side of State Route 7, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Leesburg
39°04′10″N 77°27′57″W / 39.069583°N 77.465972°W / 39.069583; -77.465972 (Janelia) | Ashburn |  |
| 40 | Janney House |  | November 27, 2004
(#04001269) | 15 W. Colonial Highway
39°08′05″N 77°39′55″W / 39.134861°N 77.665278°W / 39.134861; -77.665278 (Janney House) | Hamilton |  |
| 41 | Ketoctin Baptist Church |  | May 22, 2003
(#03000452) | Approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north of State Route 7 at the junction of Allder School Rd. and Ketoctin Church Rd.
39°09′27″N 77°44′56″W / 39.157500°N 77.748889°W / 39.157500; -77.748889 (Ketoctin Baptist Church) | Round Hill |  |
| 42 | Leesburg Historic District |  | February 26, 1970
(#70000807) | Area of the original town centered at the junction of U.S. Route 15 and State Route 7; also roughly bounded by North and Union Sts., Morven Park Rd., and Harrison St.
39°06′54″N 77°33′54″W / 39.115000°N 77.565000°W / 39.115000; -77.565000 (Leesburg Historic District) | Leesburg | Second set of boundaries represents a boundary increase of May 22, 2001 |
| 43 | Little River Turnpike Bridge |  | April 11, 2014
(#14000148) | U.S. Route 50 over the Little River
38°58′31″N 77°38′22″W / 38.975278°N 77.639444°W / 38.975278; -77.639444 (Little River Turnpike Bridge) | Aldie |  |
| 44 | Llangollen |  | August 21, 2017
(#100001497) | 21515 Trappe Rd.
39°01′51″N 77°53′31″W / 39.030889°N 77.891944°W / 39.030889; -77.891944 (Llangollen) | Upperville |  |
| 45 | Locust Grove |  | February 21, 2007
(#07000083) | 200 Locust Grove Dr.
39°07′41″N 77°42′57″W / 39.128056°N 77.715833°W / 39.128056; -77.715833 (Locust Grove) | Purcellville |  |
| 46 | Loudoun Agricultural and Mechanical Institute |  | July 8, 1982
(#82004568) | Oatlands Rd.
39°00′28″N 77°39′36″W / 39.007778°N 77.660000°W / 39.007778; -77.660000 (Loudoun Agricultural and Mechanical Institute) | Aldie | Now called Institute Farm |
| 47 | Lovettsville Historic District |  | August 10, 2012
(#12000518) | Roughly N. and S. Berlin Pike, E. Broad Way, S. Light, S. Locust, and S. Loudoun Sts., and Lovettsville Rd.
39°16′21″N 77°38′12″W / 39.272500°N 77.636667°W / 39.272500; -77.636667 (Lovettsville Historic District) | Lovettsville |  |
| 48 | Lucketts School |  | October 14, 1993
(#93001125) | 42361 Lucketts Rd.
39°12′54″N 77°32′03″W / 39.215000°N 77.534167°W / 39.215000; -77.534167 (Lucketts School) | Lucketts |  |
| 49 | Gen. George C. Marshall House |  | June 19, 1996
(#96000972) | 217 Edwards Ferry Rd.
39°06′49″N 77°33′35″W / 39.113611°N 77.559722°W / 39.113611; -77.559722 (Gen. George C. Marshall House) | Leesburg |  |
| 50 | Middleburg Historic District |  | October 29, 1982
(#82001823) | U.S. Route 50 and The Plains and Landmark School Rds.
38°58′12″N 77°44′00″W / 38.970000°N 77.733333°W / 38.970000; -77.733333 (Middleburg Historic District) | Middleburg |  |
| 51 | Gen. William Mitchell House |  | December 8, 1976
(#76002112) | 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of Middleburg on The Plains Rd.
38°57′47″N 77°44′30″W / 38.963056°N 77.741667°W / 38.963056; -77.741667 (Gen. William Mitchell House) | Middleburg | The house and greater portion of the property are in Fauquier County |
| 52 | Morven Park |  | February 18, 1975
(#75002022) | 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Leesburg off U.S. Route 15
39°08′26″N 77°34′25″W / 39.140556°N 77.573611°W / 39.140556; -77.573611 (Morven Park) | Leesburg |  |
| 53 | Mount Zion Old School Baptist Church-VDHR 53-339 |  | May 8, 1998
(#98000452) | 40309 U.S. Route 50
38°57′50″N 77°36′36″W / 38.963750°N 77.610000°W / 38.963750; -77.610000 (Mount Zion Old School Baptist Church-VDHR 53-339) | Aldie |  |
| 54 | Mt. Olive Methodist Episcopal Church |  | January 20, 2005
(#04001542) | 20460 Gleedsville Rd.
39°03′03″N 77°36′10″W / 39.050833°N 77.602778°W / 39.050833; -77.602778 (Mt. Olive Methodist Episcopal Church) | Leesburg |  |
| 55 | Much Haddam |  | December 28, 1990
(#90001988) | U.S. Route 50 west of its junction with The Plains Rd.
38°57′59″N 77°44′33″W / 38.966389°N 77.742500°W / 38.966389; -77.742500 (Much Haddam) | Middleburg |  |
| 56 | Murray Hill |  | November 19, 2014
(#14000945) | 42910 Edwards Ferry Rd.
39°06′50″N 77°30′47″W / 39.113889°N 77.513056°W / 39.113889; -77.513056 (Murray Hill) | Leesburg |  |
| 57 | Myrtle Hall Farm |  | May 17, 2006
(#06000408) | 19305 Ridgeside Rd.
39°05′01″N 77°50′07″W / 39.083611°N 77.835278°W / 39.083611; -77.835278 (Myrtle Hall Farm) | Bluemont |  |
| 58 | Edward Nichols House |  | December 4, 1987
(#87002117) | 330 W. Market St.
39°07′05″N 77°34′23″W / 39.118194°N 77.573056°W / 39.118194; -77.573056 (Edward Nichols House) | Leesburg |  |
| 59 | Oak Hill |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000842) | 8 miles (13 km) south of Leesburg on U.S. Route 15
38°59′51″N 77°37′14″W / 38.997500°N 77.620556°W / 38.997500; -77.620556 (Oak Hill) | Leesburg |  |
| 60 | Oakham Farm |  | February 2, 2016
(#15001039) | 23226 Oakham Farm Ln.
38°58′35″N 77°41′19″W / 38.976389°N 77.688611°W / 38.976389; -77.688611 (Oakham Farm) | Middleburg |  |
| 61 | Oatlands |  | November 12, 1969
(#69000255) | South of the junction of U.S. Route 15 and Gap Rd.
39°02′27″N 77°37′03″W / 39.040833°N 77.617500°W / 39.040833; -77.617500 (Oatlands) | Leesburg |  |
| 62 | Oatlands Historic District |  | May 3, 1974
(#74002327) | South of Leesburg off U.S. Route 15
39°01′48″N 77°37′20″W / 39.030138°N 77.622222°W / 39.030138; -77.622222 (Oatlands Historic District) | Leesburg | Expansion around Oatlands NHL incorporating scenic easements |
| 63 | Old Stone Church Archeological Site (44LD376) |  | September 7, 1989
(#89001402) | 110 Cornwall St., NW.
39°07′02″N 77°33′56″W / 39.117109°N 77.565635°W / 39.117109; -77.565635 (Old Stone Church Archeological Site (44LD376)) | Leesburg |  |
| 64 | Old Welbourne Farm and Dulany Family Cemetery |  | February 6, 2014
(#13001172) | 21398 Willisville Rd.
39°01′44″N 77°49′21″W / 39.028861°N 77.822500°W / 39.028861; -77.822500 (Old Welbourne Farm and Dulany Family Cemetery) | Bluemont |  |
| 65 | Paeonian Springs Historic District |  | May 1, 2006
(#06000352) | Parts of Berry Bramble Ln., Catoctin Ridge St., Charles Town Pike, Highland Circle, and Simpson Circle
39°08′58″N 77°37′12″W / 39.149444°N 77.620000°W / 39.149444; -77.620000 (Paeonian Springs Historic District) | Paeonian Springs |  |
| 66 | Philomont Historic District |  | December 5, 2023
(#100009206) | Jct. of VA 630 (JEB Stuart Rd.) and VA 734 (Snickersville Tpk.)
39°03′23″N 77°44′25″W / 39.0564°N 77.7404°W / 39.0564; -77.7404 (Philomont Historic District) | Philomont |  |
| 67 | Purcellville Historic District |  | April 4, 2007
(#07000277) | Roughly bounded by the Washington & Old Dominion Trail, S. 32nd St., W. F and E. G Sts., and Maple Ave.
39°08′13″N 77°42′54″W / 39.136944°N 77.715000°W / 39.136944; -77.715000 (Purcellville Historic District) | Purcellville |  |
| 68 | Purcellville Train Station |  | May 28, 2010
(#10000307) | 200 N. 21st St.
39°08′18″N 77°42′58″W / 39.138472°N 77.716111°W / 39.138472; -77.716111 (Purcellville Train Station) | Purcellville |  |
| 69 | Red Fox Inn |  | November 13, 1997
(#97001403) | 2 E. Washington St.
38°58′09″N 77°44′08″W / 38.969167°N 77.735417°W / 38.969167; -77.735417 (Red Fox Inn) | Middleburg |  |
| 70 | Rich Bottom Farm |  | February 21, 1997
(#97000156) | 16860 Hillsboro Rd., 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Purcellville
39°08′59″N 77°44′01″W / 39.149722°N 77.733611°W / 39.149722; -77.733611 (Rich Bottom Farm) | Purcellville |  |
| 71 | Rock Hill Farm |  | August 27, 2009
(#09000664) | 20775 Airmont Rd.
39°02′55″N 77°49′52″W / 39.048611°N 77.831111°W / 39.048611; -77.831111 (Rock Hill Farm) | Bluemont |  |
| 72 | Rock Spring Farm |  | March 13, 2002
(#02000177) | 329 Loudoun St., SW.
39°06′58″N 77°34′26″W / 39.116111°N 77.573889°W / 39.116111; -77.573889 (Rock Spring Farm) | Leesburg |  |
| 73 | Rockland |  | May 14, 1987
(#87000752) | Eastern side of U.S. Route 15, north of Leesburg
39°09′50″N 77°32′05″W / 39.163889°N 77.534722°W / 39.163889; -77.534722 (Rockland) | Leesburg |  |
| 74 | Rokeby |  | May 30, 1976
(#76002109) | 2.4 miles (3.9 km) southwest of Leesburg off Gleedsville Rd.
39°04′18″N 77°35′46″W / 39.071667°N 77.596111°W / 39.071667; -77.596111 (Rokeby) | Leesburg |  |
| 75 | Rose Hill Farm |  | August 25, 1994
(#94000986) | Northern side of U.S. Route 50, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of the junction with Atoka Rd.
38°59′00″N 77°49′41″W / 38.983333°N 77.828056°W / 38.983333; -77.828056 (Rose Hill Farm) | Upperville |  |
| 76 | Round Hill Historic District |  | May 28, 2009
(#09000366) | Roughly bounded by State Route 7 to the south, Locust St. to the west, Bridge St. on the east, and the northern edge of Main St. to the north
39°07′58″N 77°46′06″W / 39.132778°N 77.768333°W / 39.132778; -77.768333 (Round Hill Historic District) | Round Hill |  |
| 77 | Shiloh Baptist Church |  | November 24, 2017
(#100001852) | 304 E. Marshall St.
38°58′18″N 77°43′54″W / 38.971667°N 77.731667°W / 38.971667; -77.731667 (Shiloh Baptist Church) | Middleburg |  |
| 78 | Sleepy Hollow Farm |  | February 13, 2007
(#07000048) | 39902 Thomas Mill Rd.
39°06′57″N 77°37′27″W / 39.115972°N 77.624028°W / 39.115972; -77.624028 (Sleepy Hollow Farm) | Leesburg |  |
| 79 | William Smith House |  | April 2, 2003
(#03000189) | 38678 Piggott Bottom Rd.
39°09′35″N 77°39′57″W / 39.159722°N 77.665833°W / 39.159722; -77.665833 (William Smith House) | Hamilton |  |
| 80 | Snickersville Turnpike |  | June 16, 2022
(#100007792) | Snickersville Turnpike, VA 734
39°02′32″N 77°43′38″W / 39.04225°N 77.7273°W / 39.04225; -77.7273 (Snickersville Turnpike) | Bluemont vicinity |  |
| 81 | Spring Hill Farm |  | July 27, 2005
(#05000766) | 39018 Piggott Bottom Rd.
39°09′15″N 77°38′56″W / 39.154167°N 77.648889°W / 39.154167; -77.648889 (Spring Hill Farm) | Hamilton |  |
| 82 | Stoke |  | December 8, 2015
(#15000878) | 23587 Stoke Farm Ln.
38°58′01″N 77°39′56″W / 38.966944°N 77.665556°W / 38.966944; -77.665556 (Stoke) | Aldie |  |
| 83 | Sunnyside Farm |  | August 16, 1994
(#94000989) | South side of State Route 7 Business, 1,150 feet (350 m) east of the junction with State Route 287
39°07′54″N 77°41′18″W / 39.131528°N 77.688472°W / 39.131528; -77.688472 (Sunnyside Farm) | Hamilton |  |
| 84 | The Tabernacle-Fireman's Field |  | May 28, 2010
(#10000308) | 250 S. Nursery Ave.
39°08′00″N 77°42′54″W / 39.133333°N 77.715000°W / 39.133333; -77.715000 (The Tabernacle-Fireman's Field) | Purcellville |  |
| 85 | Taylorstown Historic District |  | January 30, 1978
(#78003027) | Around the junction of Taylorstown and Downey Mill Rds. at Catoctin Creek; also 13122 Furnace Mountain, 12969 and 13090 Taylorstown, and 12995 and 13000 Hoysville Rds.
39°15′15″N 77°34′31″W / 39.254167°N 77.575278°W / 39.254167; -77.575278 (Taylorstown Historic District) | Taylorstown | District includes Whiskey Hill. Second set of boundaries represents a boundary increase of May 26, 2005 |
| 86 | Temple Hall |  | February 13, 2007
(#07000053) | 15764 Temple Hall Ln.
39°10′41″N 77°31′43″W / 39.177917°N 77.528611°W / 39.177917; -77.528611 (Temple Hall) | Leesburg |  |
| 87 | Union Street School |  | February 14, 2023
(#100008649) | 20 Union St.
39°07′12″N 77°33′50″W / 39.1199°N 77.5638°W / 39.1199; -77.5638 (Union Street School) | Leesburg |  |
| 88 | Unison Battlefield Historic District |  | November 22, 2011
(#11000835) | Parts of Quaker Ln. and Jeb Stuart, Unison, Newlin Mill, Millville, Bloomfield, Welbourne, and Greengarden Rds.
39°02′12″N 77°47′15″W / 39.036667°N 77.787500°W / 39.036667; -77.787500 (Unison Battlefield Historic District) | Unison |  |
| 89 | Unison Historic District |  | May 22, 2003
(#03000442) | Parts of Unison and Bloomfield Rds.
39°02′07″N 77°47′28″W / 39.035278°N 77.791111°W / 39.035278; -77.791111 (Unison Historic District) | Middleburg |  |
| 90 | Dr. Joseph Vandeventer House |  | March 23, 2022
(#100007538) | 39901 Highfield Park Ln.
39°07′57″N 77°37′15″W / 39.1326°N 77.6209°W / 39.1326; -77.6209 (Dr. Joseph Vandeventer House) | Leesburg vicinity |  |
| 91 | Vestal's Gap Road and Lanesville Historic District |  | February 3, 2000
(#99001722) | 21544 Cascades Parkway
39°01′03″N 77°24′13″W / 39.017500°N 77.403611°W / 39.017500; -77.403611 (Vestal's Gap Road and Lanesville Historic District) | Sterling |  |
| 92 | William Virts House |  | February 22, 2011
(#11000027) | 38670 Old Wheatland Rd.
39°11′16″N 77°39′57″W / 39.187639°N 77.665972°W / 39.187639; -77.665972 (William Virts House) | Waterford |  |
| 93 | Waterford Historic District |  | June 3, 1969
(#69000256) | Northwest of Leesburg on Loyalty Rd.
39°11′12″N 77°36′44″W / 39.186667°N 77.612222°W / 39.186667; -77.612222 (Waterford Historic District) | Waterford |  |
| 94 | Waverly |  | February 10, 1983
(#83003288) | 212 S. King St.
39°06′22″N 77°34′05″W / 39.106111°N 77.567917°W / 39.106111; -77.567917 (Waverly) | Leesburg |  |
| 95 | Welbourne |  | February 23, 1972
(#72001404) | Northwest of the junction of Welbourne and St. Louis Rds.
39°00′04″N 77°48′44″W / 39.001111°N 77.812222°W / 39.001111; -77.812222 (Welbourne) | Middleburg |  |
| 96 | Willisville Historic District |  | December 9, 2019
(#100004746) | 33000 & 34000 blks. of Welbourne Rd.
39°00′27″N 77°50′03″W / 39.0074°N 77.8343°W / 39.0074; -77.8343 (Willisville Historic District) | Middleburg vicinity |  |
| 97 | Woodburn |  | December 12, 1976
(#76002111) | 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Leesburg off Harmony Church Rd.
39°05′22″N 77°37′10″W / 39.0894°N 77.6194°W / 39.0894; -77.6194 (Woodburn) | Leesburg |  |
| 98 | Woodgrove |  | September 14, 2002
(#02001004) | 16860 Woodgrove Rd.
39°09′06″N 77°46′10″W / 39.1518°N 77.7694°W / 39.1518; -77.7694 (Woodgrove) | Round Hill |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Exeter |  | August 14, 1973
(#73002032) | March 19, 2001 | East of Leesburg on Edwards Ferry Rd.
39°06′57″N 77°32′26″W / 39.115833°N 77.540556°W / 39.115833; -77.540556 (Exeter) | Leesburg | Burned August 1980 |


title: University Hall (Harvard University)

abstract: University Hall is a white granite building designed by the great early American architect Charles Bulfinch and built by the noted early engineer Loammi Baldwin Jr. It is located in Harvard Yard on the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architectural significance. The hall was designed by Bulfinch, class of 1781, and built between 1813 and 1815 of white Chelmsford granite, probably using rock cut to size at the Charlestown Prison. It consists of a partial basement story, plus three full stories raised above ground as well as an additional story set within the roofline. The long east and west facades are very similar, and symmetrically arranged with two entrances per facade, each flanked by pilasters; smaller north and south facades present rows of windows. Total construction cost was $65,000 of which $53,000 was paid by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. University Hall's first floor contained the College Commons until 1849. The building also contained a library and philosophical (scientific) apparatus, as well as a chapel within the second and third floors. A massive portico with stone pillars was added to the western facade soon after completion, but removed in 1842. In 1849 the first floor was partitioned into classrooms; in 1867 the chapel was partitioned as well. In 1896 the chapel was restored and used for meetings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. In 1924 Daniel Chester French's bronze statue of John Harvard was moved to the western façade from its original location near Memorial Hall.

text:
# University Hall (Harvard University)

**University Hall** is a white granite building designed by the great early American architect Charles Bulfinch and built by the noted early engineer Loammi Baldwin Jr. It is located in Harvard Yard on the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architectural significance.

The hall was designed by Bulfinch, class of 1781, and built between 1813 and 1815 of white Chelmsford granite, probably using rock cut to size at the Charlestown Prison. It consists of a partial basement story, plus three full stories raised above ground as well as an additional story set within the roofline. The long east and west facades are very similar, and symmetrically arranged with two entrances per facade, each flanked by pilasters; smaller north and south facades present rows of windows. Total construction cost was $65,000 of which $53,000 was paid by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

University Hall's first floor contained the College Commons (dining room) until 1849. The building also contained a library and philosophical (scientific) apparatus, as well as a chapel within the second and third floors. A massive portico with stone pillars was added to the western facade soon after completion, but removed in 1842. In 1849 the first floor was partitioned into classrooms; in 1867 the chapel was partitioned as well. In 1896 the chapel was restored and used for meetings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. In 1924 Daniel Chester French's bronze statue of John Harvard was moved to the western façade from its original location near Memorial Hall.

## 1969 Occupation

In protest of the Vietnam War and Harvard's connections to it, students occupied University Hall on the night of April 8 to 9, 1969, forcing out Harvard officials and staff. In the early morning hours of April 10 the occupiers were ejected and some 100 to 300 persons arrested; about 50 were injured. Students once again occupied University Hall for brief periods in 2020 and 2024, related to fossil fuel divestment and the Israel-Hamas War, respectively.

* William Garrott Brown, *Official Guide to Harvard University*, Harvard Memorial Society, 1899, page 23.
* Douglass Shand-Tucci, *Harvard University: Campus Guide*, Princeton Architectural Press, 2001, pages 22–23. ISBN 1-56898-280-1.
* Bainbridge Bunting, Margaret Henderson Floyd, *Harvard: An Architectural History*, Harvard University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-674-37290-5.
* Harvard Magazine article

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| University Hall, Harvard University | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| University Hall, east facade. | |
|  | |
| Location | Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°22′28.0″N 71°7′1.4″W / 42.374444°N 71.117056°W / 42.374444; -71.117056 |
| Built | 1813–1815 |
| Architect | Charles Bulfinch |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, Federal |
| Part of | Old Harvard Yard (ID73000287) |
| NRHP reference No. | 70000736 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | December 30, 1970 |
| Designated NHL | December 30, 1970 |
| Designated CP | February 6, 1973 |


title: Gadeokdo

abstract: Gadeokdo (Korean: 가덕도) is an island of Busan, South Korea. Gadeokdo is the largest island of Busan. It is connected to the mainland by the Gadeok Bridge and Nulchagyo Bridge. It is connected to Geojedo by the Busan-Geoje Fixed Link. In April 2022, plans for a new airport were announced. The plans included construction of the Gadeok Island Airport, which will be South Korea's first floating airport and will be located both on the land and sea off Gadeokdo

text:
# Gadeokdo

**Gadeokdo** (Korean: 가덕도) is an island of Busan, South Korea. Gadeokdo is the largest island of Busan. It is connected to the mainland by the Gadeok Bridge and Nulchagyo Bridge. It is connected to Geojedo by the Busan-Geoje Fixed Link.

In April 2022, plans for a new airport were announced. The plans included construction of the Gadeok Island Airport, which will be South Korea's first floating airport and will be located both on the land and sea off Gadeokdo

## InfoBox

Gadeokdo
| Gadeokdo in 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Coordinates | 35°1′48″N 128°49′48″E / 35.03000°N 128.83000°E / 35.03000; 128.83000 |
|  | |
| Gadeokdo  Hangul 가덕도  Hanja 加德島  Revised Romanization *Gadeokdo*  McCune–Reischauer *Kadŏkto* | |


title: Middle-earth: The Wizards Companion

abstract: Middle-earth: The Wizards Companion is a book published by Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE) in 1996 about their Middle-earth Collectible Card Game.

text:
# Middle-earth: The Wizards Companion

***Middle-earth: The Wizards Companion*** is a book published by Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE) in 1996 about their *Middle-earth Collectible Card Game*.

## Description

*Middle-earth: The Wizards Companion* is a 104-page softcover book written by Coleman Charlton, Michael Reynolds, John Curtis, Pete Fenlon, Jason O. Hawkins, Nick Morawitz, Jessica Ney-Grimm, and Dave Platnick. The book acts as a guide to the *Middle-earth Collectible Card Game*, which had been published by ICE the previous year. It features an introduction discussing the background and inspiration for the game, followed by a revised and annotated set of rules for the game. It also details turn summaries, strategy tips and various ways the game can be played solo.

## Reception

In the June 1996 edition of *Arcane* (Issue 7), Andy Butcher was ambivalent about *Middle-earth: The Wizards Companion*, commenting, "What is here is good stuff - but it could have been a lot better." Butcher gave this book an average rating of 7 out of 10 overall.

In the August 1996 edition of *Dragon* (Issue 232), Rick Swan called the book a "lavish guide" to the game, and noted that it had everything except color illustrations of the game cards. He concluded with a strong recommendation for players of the *Middle-earth Collectible Card Game*, saying, "The site analysis alone, however, makes it an essential purchase for those more interested in mastering the rules than drooling over artwork."

## Reviews


title: John Gandee

abstract: John Stephen Gandee, CMG, OBE was High Commissioner to Botswana from 1966 until 1969. Gandee was educated at Dorking High School for Boys. After seven years with the Post Office he was with the India Office until 1949. He held diplomatic posts in Ottawa, Bechuanaland, Basutoland and Swaziland After this he was Head of the Administration Department at the Commonwealth Relations Office from 1961 to 1964; and Head of Office Services at the Diplomatic Service Administration from 1965 until his Botswana appointment.

text:
# John Gandee

**John Stephen Gandee**, CMG, OBE (8 December 1909 – 4 April 1994) was High Commissioner to Botswana from 1966 until 1969.

Gandee was educated at Dorking High School for Boys. After seven years with the Post Office he was with the India Office until 1949. He held diplomatic posts in Ottawa, Bechuanaland, Basutoland and Swaziland After this he was Head of the Administration Department at the Commonwealth Relations Office from 1961 to 1964; and Head of Office Services at the Diplomatic Service Administration from 1965 until his Botswana appointment.


title: Tuberculous lymphadenitis

abstract: Peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis is a form of tuberculosis infection occurring outside of the lungs. In general, it describes tuberculosis infection of the lymph nodes, leading to lymphadenopathy. When cervical lymph nodes are affected, it is commonly referred to as "Scrofula." A majority of tuberculosis infections affect the lungs, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infections account for the remainder; these most commonly involve the lymphatic system. Although the cervical region is most commonly affected, tuberculous lymphadenitis can occur all around the body, including the axillary and inguinal regions. The characteristic morphological element is the tuberculous granuloma. This consists of giant multinucleated cells and, surrounded by epithelioid cells aggregates, T cell lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Granulomatous tubercules eventually develop central caseous necrosis and tend to become confluent, replacing the lymphoid tissue.

text:
# Tuberculous lymphadenitis

**Peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis** (or **tuberculous adenitis**) is a form of tuberculosis infection occurring outside of the lungs. In general, it describes tuberculosis infection of the lymph nodes, leading to lymphadenopathy. When cervical lymph nodes are affected, it is commonly referred to as "Scrofula." A majority of tuberculosis infections affect the lungs, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infections account for the remainder; these most commonly involve the lymphatic system. Although the cervical region is most commonly affected, tuberculous lymphadenitis can occur all around the body, including the axillary and inguinal regions.

The characteristic morphological element is the tuberculous granuloma (caseating tubercule). This consists of giant multinucleated cells and (Langhans cells), surrounded by epithelioid cells aggregates, T cell lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Granulomatous tubercules eventually develop central caseous necrosis and tend to become confluent, replacing the lymphoid tissue.

## Epidemiology

The exact prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis varies between countries and regions, with higher rates seen in developing countries. Studies have shown that women may have higher rates of tuberculous lymphadenitis compared to men. Conversely, men appear to have higher rates of pulmonary tuberculosis. In regions where tuberculosis is not endemic, many of those affected with tuberculous lymphadenitis are foreign-born. In general, tuberculous lymphadenitis is more frequently seen in immunocompromised patients, such as those with uncontrolled HIV.

## Causes

*Mycobacterium tuberculosis* is the most common cause of both pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. Historically, transmission of *Mycobacterium bovis* from dairy consumption was another frequent cause of tuberculous lymphadenitis, but incidence has drastically decreased in developed countries since the advent of pasteurization and other efforts to prevent bovine tuberculosis. Tuberculous lymphadenitis has sometimes been caused by other related bacteria, including *M. kansasii*, *M. fortuitum*, *M. marinum*, and *Mycobacterium ulcerans*.

## Signs and symptoms

Tuberculous lymphadenitis typically involves a gradual and usually painless swelling of the affected lymph nodes (termed lymphadenitis). Duration of symptoms can vary, and ranges between weeks to months following initial onset. Unilateral lymph node involvement accounts for the majority of cases, and involvement of the cervical lymph nodes is the most common.

In addition to swollen lymph nodes, the person may experience mild fevers, decreased appetite, or weight loss. Pulmonary tuberculosis infection may co-occur with tuberculous lymphadenitis and account for additional symptoms such as cough.

## Stages

Stages of tubercular lymphadenitis:

1. Lymphadenitis
2. Periadenitis
3. Cold abscess
4. 'Collar stud' abscess
5. Sinus

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is popularly known as **collar stud abscess**, due to its proximity to the collar bone and its superficial resemblance to a collar stud, although this is just one of the five stages of the disease. One or more affected lymph nodes can also be in a different body part, although it is most typical to have at least one near the collar bone. The characteristic morphological element is the tuberculous granuloma (caseating tubercule): giant multinucleated cells (Langhans cells), surrounded by epithelioid cells aggregates, T cell lymphocytes and few fibroblasts. Granulomatous tubercules evolve to central caseous necrosis and tend to become confluent, replacing the lymphoid tissue.

## Diagnosis

The gold standard for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis is to obtain a culture, though results may take weeks. A positive acid-fast bacteria (AFB) stain can support the diagnosis. Other possible methods include nucleic acid amplification tests, fine needle aspiration (FNA), or excisional biopsy, the most invasive method.

Supplementary studies to aid in diagnosis include tuberculin skin tests, interferon-gamma release assays, or chest X-rays.

## Treatment

Treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves an anti-tuberculosis medication regimen for at least 6 months. This includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol depending on susceptibility to the drug.

While surgical removal of affected lymph nodes alongside antibiotic therapy has shown some efficacy, there are no formal recommendations for surgery to treat tuberculous lymphadenitis.

## InfoBox

| Tuberculous lymphadenitis | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |


title: Tuổi Trẻ

abstract: Tuổi Trẻ is a major daily newspaper in Vietnam, published in Vietnamese by the Hồ Chí Minh City branch of the Hồ Chí Minh Communist Youth Union, the youth wing of the Communist Party of Vietnam. While it is still the official mouthpiece of that organization, it has grown to become the largest newspaper in the country. As of 2007 its daily circulation was 450,000. The printed newspaper includes: Tuổi Trẻ daily, weekly Tuổi Trẻ Cuối Tuần, semimonthly Tuổi Trẻ Cười. Online versions includes: a Vietnamese version Tuổi Trẻ Online and an English version Tuoi Tre News.

text:
# Tuổi Trẻ

***Tuổi Trẻ*** ("Youth", \[tuəj˧˩˧ ʈɛ˧˩˧\]) is a major daily newspaper in Vietnam, published in Vietnamese by the Hồ Chí Minh City branch of the Hồ Chí Minh Communist Youth Union, the youth wing of the Communist Party of Vietnam. While it is still the official mouthpiece of that organization, it has grown to become the largest newspaper in the country. As of 2007 its daily circulation was 450,000.

The printed newspaper includes: *Tuổi Trẻ daily*, weekly *Tuổi Trẻ Cuối Tuần*, semimonthly *Tuổi Trẻ Cười*. Online versions includes: a Vietnamese version *Tuổi Trẻ Online* and an English version *Tuoi Tre News*.

## History

*Tuoi Tre Newspaper* was officially established on September 2, 1975. However, its precursor was propaganda leaflets issued by students and pupils in Saigon during their anti-American movements in the Vietnam War.

In its early stage, *Tuoi Tre* circulated tri-weekly. On September 1, 2000, it started to issue one more on Friday. From April 2, 2006, it became a daily newspaper.

## Offices

Its headquarters is located on 60A, Hoàng Văn Thụ Street, Ward 9, Phú Nhuận District, in the urban area of Ho Chi Minh City and not so far from Tan Son Nhat International Airport. *Tuoi Tre* has 8 representative offices in the capital city of Hanoi at 72A Thuy Khue Street (currently at 15 Doc Ngu Street - Ba Dinh District while the building at Thuy Khue Street is under reconstruction), Nghệ An, Huế, Đà Nẵng, Qui Nhơn, Nha Trang, Đà Lạt, and Cần Thơ.

## Stance

Described as "pro-reformist" by the BBC, the newspaper has run into trouble with the communist authorities several times.

In May 1991, its editor in chief was sacked when the paper ran an article trepidly acknowledging Ho Chi Minh's early marriage to Zeng Xueming. Ms. Vu Kim Hanh, former Tuoi Tre Newspaper's editorial direction, was dismissed.

In 2000, it commissioned a survey among youths in Ho Chi Minh City which found that Bill Gates was more admired than Ho Chi Minh. This resulted in the published copies being destroyed by state censors and three editors sanctioned.

In 2005, the newspaper published a series of investigative articles about the monopolization of the pharmaceutical market by Zuellig Pharma. The reporter, Lan Anh, was subsequently dismissed.

In July 2018, the government suspended the newspaper from publishing online for 3 months and fined it 220 million VND. The disciplinary action came after the newspaper published an article on June 19, 2018 quoting President Trần Đại Quang agreeing with the need for a new law regarding protests. It left in place a reader's comment, in another article previously published on May 26, 2017, that was deemed by the Press Authority to be "splitting national unity". The Press Authority determined that the content of the article quoting the President was "untrue" and "caused severe impact".

## InfoBox

Tuổi Trẻ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| *Tuổi Trẻ* front page on 1 August 2021 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Compact |
| Owner(s) | Ho Chi Minh City branch of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union |
| Editor-in-chief | Lê Thế Chữ |
| Associate editor | Lê Xuân Trung
Đinh Minh Trung |
| Founded | September 2, 1975 (1975-09-02) |
| Language | Vietnamese |
| Headquarters | Tuổi Trẻ Tower
60A Hoang Van Thu Street, Ward 9, Phú Nhuận District, Ho Chi Minh City |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Circulation | 500,000 daily |
| Website | tuoitre.vn (vi-VN)
tuoitrenews.vn (en-US) |
|  | |


title: TvN10 Awards

abstract: tvN10 Awards is an award ceremony for excellence in television in South Korea, organized by tvN, one of the networks under the umbrella of CJ E&M. It was held at the KINTEX in Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province and was emceed by Kang Ho-dong and Shin Dong-yup on October 9, 2016.

text:
# TvN10 Awards

**tvN10 Awards** is an award ceremony for excellence in television in South Korea, organized by tvN, one of the networks under the umbrella of CJ E&M. It was held at the KINTEX in Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province and was emceed by Kang Ho-dong and Shin Dong-yup on October 9, 2016.

## Background

A part of "tvN10 Festival", the inaugural ceremony was a celebration of 10 years of broadcasting by cable network tvN. The nominees were chosen from dramas, comedy shows and variety shows that aired on tvN from October 2006 to September 2016.

## Nominations and winners

(Winners denoted in bold)

| Grand Prize (Daesang), Drama | Grand Prize (Daesang), Variety |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Grand Prize (Daesang), Actor | Grand Prize (Daesang), Variety Performer |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Comedian | Best Comedienne |
|  |  |
| Best Content Award, Drama | Best Content Award, Variety |
|  |  |
| Best MC | Variety Icon |
|  |  |
| Romantic-Comedy King | Romantic-Comedy Queen |
|  |  |
| Made in tvN, Actor in Drama | Made in tvN, Actress in Drama |
|  |  |
| Made in tvN, Actor in Variety | Made in tvN, Actress in Variety |
|  |  |
| PD's Choice Award, Drama | PD's Choice Award, Variety |
|  |  |
| Special Acting Award | Best Chemistry Award |
|  |  |
| Two Star Award | Asia Star Award |
|  |  |
| Perfect Attendance Award in Drama | Perfect Attendance Award in Variety |
|  |  |
| Rising Star Award, Actor | Rising Star Award, Actress |
|  |  |
| Scene-Stealer Award, Actor | Scene-Stealer Award, Actress |
|  |  |
| Variety "Slave" Award | Best Kiss Award |
|  |  |

## Presenters

| Order | Presenter | Award |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ryu Jun-yeol | Best Content Award, Drama (3 dramas) |
| 2 | Park Sung-woong | Made in tvN, Variety |
| 3 | Lee Seo-jin, Cha Seung-won | Made in tvN, Drama |
| 4 | Ku Hye-sun | Best Content Award, Variety (3 shows) |
| 5 | Go Kyung-pyo, Yura (Girl's Day) | Variety "Slave" Award |
| 6 | Jung Sang-hoon | Scene-Stealer Award |
| 7 | Ha Seok-jin, Park Ha-sun | Rising Star Award |
| 8 | Lee Sung-min | Best Content Award, Drama (4 dramas) |
| 9 | Ra Mi-ran | Perfect Attendance Award in Drama |
| 10 | Song Yoon-ah | Perfect Attendance Award in Variety |
| 11 | *Entourage'*s main cast
(Seo Kang-joon, Cho Jin-woong, Lee Kwang-soo, Lee Dong-hwi, Park Jung-min) | Two Star Award |
| 12 | Jun Hyun-moo | Asia Star Award |
| 13 | Yoo Se-yoon | Best Content Award, Variety (3 shows) |
| 14 | Lee Sang-min, Tak Jae-hoon | Best Comedian/Comedienne |
| 15 | Na Young-seok, Jung Yi-rang | PD's Choice Award |
| 16 | Eun Jiwon | Best Content Award, Drama (3 dramas) |
| 17 | Jung Eun-ji (Apink), Lee Hye-ri (Girl's Day) | Special Acting Award |
| 18 | Kim Ji-seok, Ye Ji-won | Romantic-Comedy King/Queen |
| 19 | Jo Se-ho | Best Content Award, Variety (4 shows) |
| 20 | Sung Dong-il, Seolhyun (AOA) | Variety Icon
Best MC |
| 21 | Kim Sang-joong, Park So-dam | Best Actor/Actress |
| 22 | Lee Soon-jae, Shin Goo, Park Geun-hyung, Baek Il-seob | Grand Prize (Daesang), Actor/Variety Performer |
| 23 | Yoon Sang-ah (tvN's viewer delegate) | Grand Prize (Daesang), Drama/Variety |
|

## Special performances

| Order | Artist | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Psy | Napal Baji (나팔바지)
Entertainer (연예인) |
| 2 | Seo In-guk and Jung Eun-ji | All For You (*Reply 1997* OST) |
| 3 | Kim Sung-kyun and Min Do-hee | Fate (운명) (*Reply 1994* OST) |
| 4 | Lee Moon-se | A Little Girl (소녀) (*Reply 1988* OST)
Flaming Sunset (붉은 노을) |

## InfoBox

| tvN10 Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | October 9, 2016 |
| Site | KINTEX, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province |
| Presented by | CJ E&M (tvN) |
| Hosted by | * **Main:** * **Special:** |
| First awarded | 2016 |
| Website | http://tvn10festival.interest.me/ |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | tvN |
| Runtime | 250 minutes |


title: TvN Show

abstract: tvN Show is a South Korean TV channel, owned by CJ ENM E&M Division. The channel, then known as XtvN, was originally scheduled to launch on January 19, 2018, replacing XTM due to the latter's low ratings. Due to delays, the launch took place on January 26, 2018. The channel was relaunched with its current name on September 1, 2021, together with sister channel tvN Drama. The channel features shows that focus strongly on millennials, specifically targeting viewers between the ages 15 to 39.

text:
# TvN Show

**tvN Show** (stylized as **tvN SHOW**) is a South Korean TV channel, owned by CJ ENM E&M Division.

The channel, then known as **XtvN**, was originally scheduled to launch on January 19, 2018, replacing XTM due to the latter's low ratings. Due to delays, the launch took place on January 26, 2018. The channel was relaunched with its current name on September 1, 2021, together with sister channel tvN Drama (formerly OtvN).

The channel features shows that focus strongly on millennials, specifically targeting viewers between the ages 15 to 39.

## Programs

### TV series

| Year | English Title | Hangul |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *Sweet Revenge 2* | 복수노트 2 |

### Entertainment

| Year | English Title | Hangul |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *Keyword #BoA* | 키워드#보아 |
| | *Super Junior's Super TV* | 슈퍼TV |
| | *Everyday Swag* | 오늘도 스웩 |
| | *Can Love Be Translated* | 사랑도 통역이 되나요 |
| | Red Velvet's *Level Up Project! 2* | 레벨업 프로젝트2 |
| | *TVXQ!'s The 72-Hour* | 동방신기의 72시간 |
| | *EXO's Travel the World, Through a Ladder of Fortune* | 사다리 타고 세계여행 |
| 2019 | GOT7's *Real Thai* | 레알타이 |

## InfoBox

tvN SHOW
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | South Korea |
| Broadcast area | Nationwide |
| Headquarters | CJ E&M Center,<br>66 Sangamsan-ro, Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | CJ ENM Entertainment Division |
| Key people | Rhee Myung-han (channel head) |
| Sister channels |  |
| History | |
| Launched | 26 January 2018 (2018-01-26) |
| Replaced | XTM |
| Former names | **XtvN** (January 26, 2018 to August 31, 2021) |
| Links | |
| Website | tvNSHOW.tving.com |


title: Tussock grasslands of New Zealand

abstract: Tussock grasslands form expansive and distinctive landscapes in the South Island and, to a lesser extent, in the Central Plateau region of the North Island of New Zealand. Most of the plants referred to as tussocks are in the genera Chionochloa, Festuca, and Poa, also Carex. What would be termed "herbfields" for European mountains, and bunchgrass meadows in North America, are referred to as tussock herbfields in New Zealand due to a dominance of this type of plant. Species of the genus Chionochloa dominate in these areas. The larger tussocks are called snow grass and may grow up to 2 metres in height. They grow slowly and some specimens are estimated to be several centuries old.

text:
# Tussock grasslands of New Zealand

Tussock grasslands form expansive and distinctive landscapes in the South Island and, to a lesser extent, in the Central Plateau region of the North Island of New Zealand. Most of the plants referred to as tussocks are in the genera *Chionochloa*, *Festuca*, and *Poa*, also *Carex*.

What would be termed "herbfields" for European mountains, and bunchgrass meadows in North America, are referred to as tussock herbfields in New Zealand due to a dominance of this type of plant. Species of the genus *Chionochloa* dominate in these areas. The larger tussocks are called snow grass (or less commonly snow tussocks) and may grow up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in height. They grow slowly and some specimens are estimated to be several centuries old.