abstract: John Edmund Bacon was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat and judge, from South Carolina, in the late 19th century. He also acted as charge d'affairs (1885-1888) and minister-resident (1888) of the U.S.to Uruguay and Paraguay.

text:
# John E. Bacon (South Carolina politician)

**John Edmund Bacon** (1830  1897) was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat and judge, from South Carolina, in the late 19th century. He also acted as *charge d'affairs* (1885-1888) and minister-resident (1888) of the U.S.to Uruguay and Paraguay.

## Life and career

Bacon was a member of South Carolina's provisional congress in 1862, served the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, and was a diplomat in South America.

He married Rebecca Calhoun Pickens while serving as Secretary of the American Legation in St. Petersburg, Russia.

He served in the Confederate Army. After the Civil War they resided in Columbia, South Carolina.

He served as an American diplomat in Paraguay and Uruguay. His wife's letters from Montevideo were published in the *Home Journal*.

He paid tribute to John Parsons Carroll, his former law partner.

## InfoBox

| John E. Bacon | |
| --- | --- |
| Brown, ca. 1886 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1830 |
| Died | 1897 |
| Nationality | American |
| Profession | Politician, diplomat |
|  | |


title: Picton (ward)

abstract: Picton ward was an electoral division of Liverpool City Council centred on the Edge Hill, Liverpool district of Liverpool.

text:
# Picton (ward)

53°24′14″N 2°56′20″W / 53.404°N 2.939°W / 53.404; -2.939

**Picton ward** was an electoral division of Liverpool City Council centred on the Edge Hill, Liverpool district of Liverpool.

## Background

The ward was first established in 1953 and its boundaries were changed in 1974, 1980 and 2004 before being dissolved in 2023.

### 1980 boundaries

The ward boundary was changed for the 1980 elections. A report of the Local Government Boundary Commission for England published in November 1978 set out proposals for changes to the wards of Liverpool City Council, maintaining the number of councillors at 99 representing 33 wards. Picton ward was represented by three councillors.

The report describes the boundaries of Picton ward as "Commencing at a point where Smithdown Road meets the eastern boundary of Smithdown Ward, thence generally northeastwards, generally northwestwards and southeastwards along said boundary to the southern boundary of Kensington Ward, thence eastwards along said boundary to Rathbone Road, thence southwestwards along said road to Shanklin Road, thence eastwards and southwards along said road to Sandown Road, thence eastwards and southwestwards along said road and continuing southwestwards along Sandown Lane to High Street, thence southeastwards along said street to Grange Terrace, thence southwestwards along said terrace and continuing southwards along the path across Wavertree Playground, between Grange Terrace and Smithdown Road, to Smithdown Road, thence westwards along said road to Garmoyle Road, thence northwestwards along said road to Wellington Avenue, thence southwestwards along said avenue to Smithdown Road, thence northwestwards along said road to the point of commencement".

### 2004 boundaries

A review by the Boundary Committee for England recommended that the council was formed of a reduced number of 90 members elected from 30 wards. The ward was formed from the former Picton ward, losing some of the pre-2004 ward and gaining from the former Kensington, Smithdown and Arundel wards. The ward was part of the Liverpool Wavertree Parliamentary constituency.

The population at the 2011 census was 17,009, and at the 2021 Census was 18,906.

## Councillors

| Election | Councillor | | Councillor | | Councillor | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 |  | Laurence Sidorczuk (LD) |  | Ian Jobling (LD) |  | Andrew Makinson (LD) |
| 2006 |  | Laurence Sidorczuk (LD) |  | Ian Jobling (LD) |  | Andrew Makinson (LD) |
| 2007 |  | Laurence Sidorczuk (LD) |  | Ian Jobling (LD) |  | Andrew Makinson (LD) |
| 2008 |  | Laurence Sidorczuk (LD) |  | Ian Jobling (LD) |  | Andrew Makinson (LD) |
| 2010 |  | Tim Beaumont (Lab) |  | Ian Jobling (Lab) |  | Andrew Makinson (LD) |
| 2011 |  | Tim Beaumont (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Andrew Makinson (LD) |
| 2012 |  | Tim Beaumont (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
| 2014 |  | Tim Beaumont (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
| 2015 |  | Tim Beaumont (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
| 2016 |  | Tim Beaumont (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
| 2018 |  | Paul Kenyon (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
| 2019 |  | Calvin Smeda (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
| 2021 |  | Calvin Smeda (Lab) |  | Abdul Qadir (Lab) |  | Nathalie Nicholas (Lab) |
|

indicates seat up for re-election after boundary changes.

indicates seat up for re-election.

indicates change in affiliation.

indicates seat up for re-election after casual vacancy.

### Notes

* Cllr Ian Jobling (Lib Dem, 2007) defected to the Labour Party and was subsequently elected as a Labour candidate in the Allerton & Hunts Cross ward.
* Cllr Paul Kenyon (Labour, 2018) resigned from the council in September 2019

## Election results

### Elections of the 2020s

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections: Thursday 6 May 2021
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Nathalie Nicholas*** | **1,697** | **65.67** | **13.78** |
|  | Green | Maria Teresa Coughlan | 443 | 17.14 | 10.15 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jenny Turner | 198 | 7.66 | 2.52 |
|  | Conservative | Joshua Forrester | 165 | 6.39 | 0.85 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Oscroft | 81 | 3.13% | 1.48 |
| Majority | | | 1,254 | 48.53 | 23.93 |
| Turnout | | | 2,584 | 22.58 | 34.11 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 63 | 2.38 | 1.79 |
| Total ballots | | | 2,647 | 23.13 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,445 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -11.97 |  |

### Elections of the 2010s

Picton by-election 2019
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Calvin Wesley Smeda** | **5,196** | **79.45** | **9.61** |
|  | Green | Sophie Brown | 457 | 6.99 | 8.23 |
|  | Conservative | Chris Hall | 362 | 5.54 | 1.23 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jenny Turner | 336 | 5.14 | 2.36 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Oscroft | 108 | 1.65 | 1.49 |
|  | Independent | Adam Heatherington | 81 | 1.24 | N/A |
| Majority | | | 4,739 | 72.46 | 17.84 |
| Turnout | | | 6,540 | 56.69 | 34.32 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 39 | 0.59 | 0.39 |
| Total ballots | | | 6,579 | 57.03 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,536 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +8.92 |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections: Thursday 2 May 2019
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Abdul Qadir*** | **1,556** | **69.84** | **13.75** |
|  | Green | Sophie Brown | 339 | 15.22 | 9.20 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Steve Brauner | 167 | 7.50 | 3.69 |
|  | Conservative | Joshua Forrester | 96 | 4.31 | 1.02 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Oscroft | 70 | 3.14 | 2.23 |
| Majority | | | 1,217 | 54.62 | 22.96 |
| Turnout | | | 2,250 | 22.37 | 0.85 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,059 |  |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 22 | 0.98 | 0.46 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -11.47 |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections: 3rd May 2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Paul David Kenyon** | **1,931** | **83.59** | **10.60** |
|  | Green | Paul Woodruff | 139 | 6.02 | 4.05 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Alex Cottrell | 88 | 3.81 | 4.29 |
|  | Conservative | Johnathan Peter Andrew | 76 | 3.29 | 0.38 |
|  | Independent | Adam Giles Heatherington | 55 | 2.38 | N/A |
|  | Liberal | Colin Edwards | 21 | 0.91 | N/A |
| Majority | | | 1,792 | 77.58 | 14.66 |
| Turnout | | | 2,322 | 23.22 | 4.25 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,002 |  |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 12 | 0.52 | 1.11 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +2.94 |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections: 5th May 2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | ***Nathalie Alicia Nicholas*** | **1,892** | **72.99%** | 3.66 |
|  | Green | Paul Woodruff | 261 | 10.07% | 2.21 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kevin White | 210 | 8.10% | 3.15 |
|  | TUSC | Frank Bowen | 134 | 5.17% | 2.31 |
|  | Conservative | Laura Elizabeth Watson | 95 | 3.67% | 0.38 |
| Majority | | | 1,631 | 62.92% | 5.88 |
| Turnout | | | 2,635 | 27.47% | 27.06 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,592 |  |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 43 | 1.63% | 0.44 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 2.94 |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections: 7th May 2015
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | ***Abdul Qadir*** | **3,849** | **69.33%** | 3.47 |
|  | Green | Paul David Kenyon | 682 | 12.28% | 1.08 |
|  | UKIP | Adam Giles Heathington | 362 | 6.52% | 4.75 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kevin White | 275 | 4.95% | 0.03 |
|  | Conservative | Alma McGing | 225 | 4.05% | 1.00 |
|  | TUSC | Frank Bowen | 159 | 2.86% | 0.62 |
| Majority | | | 3,167 | 57.04% | 2.45 |
| Turnout | | | 5,584 | 54.53% | 27.82 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,240 |  |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 32 | 0.57% |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 1.19 |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections: 22nd May 2014
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | ***Tim Beaumont*** | 1794 | 65.86% | −8.84% |
|  | UKIP | David Halvorsen | 307 | 11.27% | +6.89% |
|  | Green | Ross James Campbell | 305 | 11.20% | +3.77% |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kevin White | 134 | 4.92% | −2.59% |
|  | Conservative | Alma Gavine McGing | 83 | 3.05% | −0.11% |
|  | TUSC | Frank Bowen | 61 | 2.24% | n/a |
|  | Liberal | Susan O'Brien | 40 | 1.47% | −1.69% |
| Majority | | | 1,487 | 54.59% | −12.60% |
| Turnout | | | 2724 | 26.71% | +1.35% |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -7.87% |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2012: 3rd May 2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | **Nathalie Alicia Nicholas** | 1960 | 74.70% | +12.51% |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Paul Woodruff | 197 | 7.51% | −15.17% |
|  | Green | Jennifer Jane Geddes | 195 | 7.43% | −0.24% |
|  | UKIP | Shimrit Manning | 115 | 4.38% | n/a |
|  | Liberal | Shelley Harrison | 83 | 3.16% | −1.37% |
|  | Conservative | Seth Pemberton | 74 | 3.16% | +0.23% |
| Majority | | | 1,763 | 67.19% | +27.69% |
| Turnout | | | 2624 | 25.36% | −5.94% |
|  | Labour **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing | +13.84% |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2011: 5th May 2011
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | **Abdul Basit Qadir** | **2059** | **62.19%** | +7.77% |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Laurence Sidorczuk | 751 | 22.68% | −10.41% |
|  | Green | Jennifer Jane Geddes | 254 | 7.67% | +4.00% |
|  | Liberal | Griffith Wynne Parry | 150 | 4.53% | −0.12% |
|  | Conservative | Patricia Anita Waddington | 97 | 2.93% | −1.24% |
| Majority | | | 1308 | 39.50% | +18.17% |
| Turnout | | | 3311 | 31.30% | −18.52% |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 9.09% |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2010: Picton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | **Timothy Martin Beaumont** | **2937** | **54.42%** |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | *Laurence Sidorczuk* | 1786 | 33.09% |  |
|  | Liberal | Griffith Wynne Parry | 251 | 4.65% |  |
|  | Conservative | Pauline Anne Shuttleworth | 225 | 4.17% |  |
|  | Green | Ian Harvey | 198 | 3.67% |  |
| Majority | | | 1151 | 21.33% |  |
| Turnout | | | 5397 | 49.82% |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections of the 2000s

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2008: Picton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | ***Andrew Makinson*** | **1262** | **47.89%** |  |
|  | Labour | Timothy Martin Beaumont | 1015 | 38.52% |  |
|  | Green | Laurence Wilson | 150 | 5.69% |  |
|  | Liberal | Griffith Wynne Parry | 109 | 4.14% |  |
|  | Conservative | Ann Temple | 99 | 3.76% |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2635 | 24.16% |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2007: Picton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | ***Ian Jobling*** | **1316** | **53.41%** |  |
|  | Labour | Denis Dunphy | 721 | 29.26% |  |
|  | Liberal | Griffith Wynne Parry | 236 | 9.58% |  |
|  | Green | Jean Hill | 118 | 4.79% |  |
|  | Conservative | Ann Temple | 73 | 2.96% |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2464 | 22.99% |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2006: Picton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | ***Laurence Sidorczuk*** | **1253** | **49.55%** |  |
|  | Labour | Angela Eileen Glanville | 879 | 34.76% |  |
|  | Liberal | Griffith Wynne Parry | 217 | 8.58% |  |
|  | Green | Nilesh Chauhan | 180 | 7.12% |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2529 | 21.15% |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

After the boundary change of 2004 the whole of Liverpool City Council faced election. Three Councillors were returned.

Liverpool City Council Municipal Elections 2004: Picton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | ***Andrew Makinson*** | **1871** |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Ian Jobling** | **1782** |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Laurence Sidorczuk** | **1764** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Angela Glanville | 1192 |  |  |
|  | Labour | Denis Dunphy | 1104 |  |  |
|  | Labour | Neville Bann | 1054 |  |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3253 | 26.32% |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing | n/a |  |

*italics* \- Denotes the sitting Councillor.
**bold** \- Denotes the winning candidate.

## Notes

1. The City of Liverpool (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979
2. "Report No.319" (PDF). Local Government Boundary Commission For England. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2022.
3. "Boundary Commission Report". 15 May 2010.
4. "City of Liverpool Ward population 2011". Retrieved 12 January 2016.
5. "Picton (Ward, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". *citypopulation.de*. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
6. Waddington, Marc (24 August 2010). "Senior Liverpool Lib-Dem defects to Labour". *Liverpool Echo*. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
7. Thorp, Liam (1 October 2019). "Labour councillor says her children were 'shouted at and intimidated' during party selection meeting". *Liverpool Echo*. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
8. "Election results for Picton, 6 May 2021". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
9. "Meetings, agendas, and minutes". 29 July 2021.
10. "Municipal Elections 2019, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
11. "Municipal Elections 2018, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
12. "Municipal Elections 2016, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
13. "Municipal Elections 2015, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
14. "Municipal Elections 2014, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
15. "Municipal Elections 2012, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
16. "Municipal Election Results 2011, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
17. "Municipal Election Results 2010, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
18. "Municipal Election Results 2008, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
19. "Municipal Election Results 2007, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.
20. "Municipal Election Results 2006, Picton". Liverpool City Council. 29 July 2021.

## InfoBox

| Picton | |
| --- | --- |
| Picton ward (2004) within Liverpool | |
| Area | 2.173 km2 (0.839 sq mi) |
| Population | 18,906 (2021 census) |
| Density | 8,700/km2 (23,000/sq mi) |
| Registered Electors | 11,445 (2021 election) |
| Metropolitan borough |  |
| Metropolitan county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Picton Aerodrome

abstract: Picton Aerodrome is a Non-Certificated Aerodrome located at Koromiko 4 NM south of Picton township in the Marlborough District of the South Island in New Zealand. Sounds Air has 5 flights per day to Wellington. The Marlborough Sounds Airpark is located nearby offering 16 private hangars adjacent to the main runway with remote control access for the owners to park their aircraft.

text:
# Picton Aerodrome

**Picton Aerodrome** (IATA: **PCN**, ICAO: **NZPN**) is a Non-Certificated Aerodrome located at Koromiko 4 NM (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) south of Picton township in the Marlborough District of the South Island in New Zealand. Sounds Air has 5 flights per day to Wellington. The Marlborough Sounds Airpark is located nearby offering 16 private hangars adjacent to the main runway with remote control access for the owners to park their aircraft.

## History

On 2 January 1986, seven people died when a Cessna aircraft crashed on takeoff near Picton. This was an engine failure in the climb after takeoff and unrelated to the Airport itself. In another accident on 29 January 1996, five died when a Cessna Caravan crashed on approach to Picton. A Coroner's inquest found that the en-route accident could have been prevented had the Caravan been able to fly IFR, as happens now.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Sounds Air | Wellington |

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Picton Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | Sounds Air and Travel Ltd |
| Serves | Picton (town) |
| Location | Koromiko, New Zealand |
| Elevation AMSL | 459 ft / 140 m |
| Coordinates | 41°20′41″S 173°57′29″E / 41.3447°S 173.9580°E / -41.3447; 173.9580 |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  18/36 840 2,755 Bitumen | |


title: The Irish Connection 2

abstract: The Irish Connection 2 is the fifteenth studio album by Australian-born Irish singer and composer Johnny Logan. The album was released in December 2012 and charted in Denmark and Norway. The album is the "sister" album of Logan's 2007 release The Irish Connection.

text:
# The Irish Connection 2

***The Irish Connection 2*** is the fifteenth studio album by Australian-born Irish singer and composer Johnny Logan. The album was released in December 2012 and charted in Denmark and Norway. The album is the "sister" album of Logan's 2007 release *The Irish Connection*.

## Track listing

Labrador Music – LM201332552
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Lanigan's Ball" | traditional | 4:38 |
| 2. | "Galway Girl" | Steve Earle | 2:56 |
| 3. | "The Irish Soul" | Boe Larsen, Johnny logan | 3:51 |
| 4. | "Body of An American" | Shane MacGowan | 3:30 |
| 5. | "Irish Heartbeat" | Van Morrison | 3:55 |
| 6. | "The Holy Ground" | traditional | 4:06 |
| 7. | "Dearg Doom" | Barry Devlin, Charles O'Connor, Eamon Carr, Jim Lockhart, John Fean | 3:26 |
| 8. | "Ellen's Song" | Logan | 5:20 |
| 9. | "Fairytale of New York" | Jem Finer, MacGowan | 4:24 |
| 10. | "Independent Man" | Logan | 3:25 |
| 11. | "She Moved Through the Fair" | traditional | 3:24 |
| 12. | "Matty Groves" | traditional | 4:08 |
| 13. | "The Old Triangle" | Brendan Behan | 3:27 |

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 17 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 32 |
|

## InfoBox

| The Irish Connection 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Johnny Logan | |
| Released | December 2012 |
| Recorded | February–April 2012 |
| Studio | MillFactory, Denmark |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Labrador Music |
| Producer | Boe Larsen |
| Johnny Logan chronology | |
| *Nature of Love*
(2010) ***The Irish Connection 2***
(2012) *It Is What It Is*
(2017) | |


title: Garcia River Forest

abstract: The Garcia River Forest is a 24,000-acre (97 km⁲) forest located in Mendocino County, California, about 100 miles (160 km) north of San Francisco. It is owned and managed by The Conservation Fund. The fund generates CO2 credits by logging a portion of the forest less intensely than is allowed under California law. These credits are sold to PG&E which retires them on behalf of customers enrolled in its ClimateSmart program. PG&E's ClimateSmart program is a program where customers voluntarily pay more on their utility bill to offset a percentage of their GHG emissions. The California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) conducts and monitors The Garcia River Forest Project in order to restore forests to reduce global warming.

text:
# Garcia River Forest

The **Garcia River Forest** is a 24,000-acre (97 km2) forest located in Mendocino County, California, about 100 miles (160 km) north of San Francisco. It is owned and managed by The Conservation Fund. The fund generates CO2 credits by logging a portion of the forest less intensely than is allowed under California law. These credits are sold to PG&E which retires them on behalf of customers enrolled in its ClimateSmart program. PG&E's ClimateSmart program is a program where customers voluntarily pay more on their utility bill to offset a percentage of their GHG emissions.

The California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) conducts and monitors The Garcia River Forest Project in order to restore forests to reduce global warming.

38°57′16″N 123°44′01″W / 38.95444°N 123.73361°W / 38.95444; -123.73361


title: Myrmeleontiformia

abstract: Myrmeleontiformia is an insect clade in the order Neuroptera, and which was historically treated as a suborder. The phylogeny of the Neuroptera has been explored using mitochondrial DNA sequences, and while issues remain for the order as a whole, such as "Hemerobiiformia" being paraphyletic, Myrmeleontiformia is generally agreed to be monophyletic, with one study giving the following cladogram:

text:
# Myrmeleontiformia

**Myrmeleontiformia** is an insect clade in the order Neuroptera, and which was historically treated as a suborder. The phylogeny of the Neuroptera has been explored using mitochondrial DNA sequences, and while issues remain for the order as a whole, such as "Hemerobiiformia" being paraphyletic, Myrmeleontiformia is generally agreed to be monophyletic, with one study giving the following cladogram:

## Superfamilies and families

Clade **Myrmeleontiformia**

## InfoBox

| Myrmeleontiformia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Myrmeleontiformia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Neuroptera |
| *Clade*: | Geoneuroptera |
| *Clade*: | Myrmeleontiformia |
|
| Superfamilies | |
| See text | |


title: RVNG Intl.

abstract: RVNG Intl. is an independent record label based in Brooklyn, New York. Founded in 2003 by Matt Werth, the label is run by Werth and focuses on experimental dance and electronic music, often incorporating avant-garde genres. Release formats include vinyl, CDs, and digital downloads. In 2011, they were named one of the top 50 indie labels in America by Billboard. In its nascent years, the label released the mix tape series RVNG PRSNTS MX, which was later followed by the Rvng of the Nrds 12" edit series. The ReRVNG archival series and FRKWYS series continue to this day, the latter of which pairs contemporary artists with influential musical pioneers. RVNG Intl. has also released original albums by artists such as Blondes, The Body, Holly Herndon, Julia Holter, Maxmillion Dunbar, and Stellar OM Source. In 2011, the label began releasing vinyl singles under the Beats in Space imprint, which Werth co-owns with Tim Sweeney. RVNG Intl. was chosen as Resident Advisor's label of the month in January 2014 and Tiny Mix Tapes included RVNG Intl. amongst their favorite labels of 2015. In 2016 Gideon Coe hosted “Label of Love is RVNG Records” on BBC Radio 6 and The Vinyl Factory featured RVNG as one of the top “20 Record Labels to Follow on Instagram”. The same year Apple Music Experimental Spotlight was on RVNG Intl. In 2017 RVNG Intl. was listed as one of the best things/happenings of 2017 by The Ransom Note. The label also participated in the Prelude to Sleep series at Moogfest. An LGBTQ benefit compilation entitled “Peaceful Protest” was produced by RVNG Intl. in 2017, while in the same year RVNG pledged all profits from Bandcamp to benefit the ACLU. The label is also noted for its charitable program Come Mend, in which a portion of record sale profits are donated to causes chosen by the label's artists.

text:
# RVNG Intl.

**RVNG Intl.** is an independent record label based in Brooklyn, New York. Founded in 2003 by Matt Werth, the label is run by Werth and focuses on experimental dance and electronic music, often incorporating avant-garde genres. Release formats include vinyl, CDs, and digital downloads. In 2011, they were named one of the top 50 indie labels in America by *Billboard*.

In its nascent years, the label released the mix tape series *RVNG PRSNTS MX*, which was later followed by the *Rvng of the Nrds* 12" edit series. The *ReRVNG* archival series and *FRKWYS* series continue to this day, the latter of which pairs contemporary artists with influential musical pioneers. RVNG Intl. has also released original albums by artists such as Blondes, The Body, Holly Herndon, Julia Holter, Maxmillion Dunbar, and Stellar OM Source. In 2011, the label began releasing vinyl singles under the **Beats in Space** imprint, which Werth co-owns with Tim Sweeney.

RVNG Intl. was chosen as Resident Advisor's label of the month in January 2014 and Tiny Mix Tapes included RVNG Intl. amongst their favorite labels of 2015.

In 2016 Gideon Coe hosted “Label of Love is RVNG Records” on BBC Radio 6 and The Vinyl Factory featured RVNG as one of the top “20 Record Labels to Follow on Instagram”. The same year Apple Music Experimental Spotlight was on RVNG Intl.

In 2017 RVNG Intl. was listed as one of the best things/happenings of 2017 by The Ransom Note. The label also participated in the Prelude to Sleep series at Moogfest. An LGBTQ benefit compilation entitled “Peaceful Protest” was produced by RVNG Intl. in 2017, while in the same year RVNG pledged all profits from Bandcamp to benefit the ACLU.

The label is also noted for its charitable program *Come Mend*, in which a portion of record sale profits are donated to causes chosen by the label's artists.

## History

### Background and founding

The record label RVNG Intl. was launched in 2003 by Matt Werth. Werth was born in Madison, Wisconsin and spent his formative years in Little Rock, Arkansas. When he was 15, he started the punk 'zine Potluck and took over the record label File Thirteen. First established as what Werth called a "self-reflective journal fanzine" in 1989, File Thirteen was operated by Werth for 8 years.

In 1996, Werth moved to Philadelphia at the age of 18 to play bass for Aspera Ad Astra. While attending Temple University he met Dave Pianka, and together they came up with the idea of RVNG Intl., which was originally an event production company. A mutual friend, Michael Zwizanski, recommended the name, which is an anti-voweled version of "revenge", much in the style of Primal Scream's *XTRMNTR*, which had come out around the same time.

Werth said that the label's very first mix was intended for event clients, as proof that the label could select and manage good DJs. According to Werth, "Julian Grefe put together the first RVNG mix ―*RVNG PRSNTS MX1*, which was basically a spray-painted CD in a spray-painted case." Following the initial mix release, *MX CDs* became an infrequent series of albums from artists such as Tim Sweeney and DJ Twitch. After six years in Philadelphia, Werth moved to Brooklyn in 2002 in order to work at *Flyer* magazine.

### First releases

The record label RVNG Intl was launched in 2003 by Werth. The label is based in its original location of Brooklyn, New York, Packaging is frequently detailed and unique. For example, a 7" vinyl from Purple Brain came with a hand-crocheted case by designer Dani Griffiths and 1000 prints of Pink Skull's *Endless Bummer* were letter-pressed with 1000 different variations on the album title phrase.

By 2010, the label had put out two original releases: These Are Powers*Candyman* EP and Pink Skull’s *Endless Bummer* LP. In 2011, they put out albums by Mirror Mirror and Bronze and were named one of the top 50 indie labels in America by *Billboard*. In 2012, the label released *Blondes* by Blondes, which Sean Adams, the founder of Drowned in Sound, lauded with a 10/10 review, praising the music as "bliss" and his "eureka moment."

Other notable albums in 2012 included  *Ekstasis* by Julia Holter, which was named Pitchfork's Best New Music and described as "music that's both haunting and life-affirming, something to make you dream and think", in addition to the critically acclaimed "Movement" by experimental composer Holly Herndon.

In 2013, the label released *Swisher* by Blondes, and notable albums from Maximillion Dunbar, Blondes, Gardland, and Holly Herndon. As of 2014, RVNG has also released a number of singles and albums from the likes of Bing & Ruth and others. Preserving past works from pioneering musicians is another focus, as exemplified by the release of a double LP set from artist and producer Craig Leon (*Nommos and Visiting*), titled *Anthology of Interplanerary Folk Music Vol. 1* and K. Leimer's *A Period of Review*.

### Series

*Rvng presents Mx* series

In 2003 the label first released the Rvng presents Mx CD & vinyl series, which included works from artists such as Tim Sweeney, Justine D and Purple Brain.

*RVNG of the NRDS* series

Starting in 2006 the label began releasing a vinyl series of disco edits, titled *RVNG of the NRDS*. The series ran for four years with album artwork from Kevin O’Neill of the independent design firm Will Work For Good. According to a review, the series was "carefully riding the edges of the nu-disco zeitgeist thanks to two obvious factors...the caliber of the artists involved, and the quality of presentation from Will Work For Good, a design agency that has helped form the visual identity of the label across its many releases".

Ten *Rvng of The Nrds* albums were released, including works by Todd Terje, Greg Wilson, and Pilooski. Each artist also contributed to re-edits of songs by artists such as Wire and R.D. Burman.

*FRKWYS* series

| "The guiding concept behind \[*FRKWYS*\] is to bring contemporary electronic artists together with their creative fore-bearers of sorts and allow them to collaborate as inspired." |
| --- |
| *Fact Magazine* |

In 2009, RVNG initiated the *FRKWYS* series, skipping Volume 1 by initially releasing *Frkwys Vol. 2*. The first edition featured two remixes of the experimental band Excepter, remixed by Carter Tutti and JG Thirlwell and was praised as "evidence of what can make New York music great when its proprietors are willing to sacrifice expectation for innovation." The series title references Moses Asch's label Folkways.

In May 2010, the label released *FRKWYS Vol. 3*, an album-length collaboration between Arp and Anthony Moore. Arp reworked both original and unreleased music written by Moore in the 1960s, which was the result of working together at Atlantic Sound's Brooklyn studio in September 2009. *FRKWYS Vol. 9* had Los Angeles-based artists Sun Araw and M. Geddes Gengras travel to Jamaica to record with the notable reggae vocal group, The Congos.

*Beats in Space* series

In 2011, the label began releasing the *Beats in Space* series of vinyl singles and albums. In 2015, Fact TV presented a documentary on Beats In Space and ranked BIS 25th in their Top 30 album covers of 2015. The BIS Boat Party at Mareh Festival was also a featured pick by Resident Advisor. In 2015 the Beats In Space 15th Anniversary Mix was named compilation of the month by Mixmag.
In 2016 the first issue of Record Magazine featured an interview with Tim Sweeney. Beats In Space also joined Bandcamp with Tim Sweeney being featured on Bandcamp's radio show.
In 2017 a Beats In Space photo book was featured in Record Magazine.

*Freedom to Spend* imprint

RVNG Intl partnered with Pete Swanson (formerly of Yellow Swans) in 2017 to relaunch his *Freedom To Spend* label, along with Portland record store owner Jed Bindeman. The label is described as "concerned with autonomous anomalies produced by musicians working within and outside the limits of technology to create intimate art. By virtue of this, the music of Freedom to Spend resonates across a broad sound spectrum, but thrives without rigid regulation." Freedom To Spend has reissued several overlooked and underheard experimental albums from the past few decades. Freedom To Spend was named one of the best electronic labels of 2017 by The Quietus.

### Events

The label has been active in organizing art and music shows, partnering with the likes of the White Columns Gallery in New York City, the Barbican Center in London, and MoMa PS1′s Summer Warm Up series. RVNG worked with the Unsound Festival in Kraków, Poland, and presented a label showcase in April 2014 at Moogfest in Asheville, North Carolina featuring Blondes, Holly Herndon, and Craig Leon performing "NOMMOS" with the Asheville Symphony. Also in 2014 the 15th Anniversary of Beats In Space was celebrated at Corsica Studios in London. In 2018 RVNG featured artists and collaborated with Le Guess Who music festival. RVNG was also featured at MoMA PS1 Come Together Music Festival and Record Fair.

## Artists

### Current

The following artists are current as of August 2018:

### Alumni

### Beats in Space (BIS) artists

The following is a complete list (as of August 2018) of artists who have released music as part of the Beats in Space Records series.

* Antenna
* Dukes of Chutney
* E Ruscha V
* Hidden Fees
* Jacques Bon
* Jee Day
* Lauer (Philip Lauer)
* Matt Karmil
* Mount Liberation Unlimited
* Paradis
* Palmbomen II
* Secret Circuit
* Shan
* Tornado Wallace
* Gonno
* Crystal & S. Koshi
* House of Spirits
* Jaakko Eino Kalevi
* Guido w Georges Perin
* T&P
* Shy Layers

### *FRKWYS* series

The following is an incomplete list of artists who have been included in the *FRKWYS* series:

### *Freedom to Spend* series

The following is an incomplete list of artists who have been included in the *Freedom to Spend* imprint:

## Discography

### Main album series

Partial RVNG Intl. discography
| Cat. # | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RVNGNL01 | 2009 | *Endless Bummer* | Pink Skull |  |
| RVNGNL02 | 2010 | *Candyman* | These Are Powers | EP |
| RVNGNL03 | | *Hideous Racket* | Allez-Allez | single |
| RVNGNL04 | | *The River* | CFCF | EP |
| RVNGNL05 | 2011 | *Lover / Hater* | Blondes | single |
| RVNGNL06 | | *Clean Plate* | Clean Plate | single |
| RVNGNL07 | | *Business / Pleasure* | Blondes | single |
| RVNGNL08 | | *Psychic Welfare* | Pink Skull |  |
| RVNGNL09 | | *Interiors* | Mirror Mirror |  |
| RVNGNL10 | | *Copper* | Bronze |  |
| RVNGNL11 | | *Wine / Water* | Blondes | single |
| RVNGNL12 | 2012 | *Blondes* | Blondes | 10/10 review by *Drowned in Sound*. |
| RVNGNL14 | | *Ekstasis* | Julia Holter |  |
| RVNGNL15 | | *Movement* | Holly Herndon |  |
| RVNGNL16 | | *Woo* | Maximillion Dunbar | single |
| RVNGNL17 | | *House of Woo* | Maximillion Dunbar |  |
| RVNGNL18 | | *Ekstasis* | Julia Holter | expanded edition |
| RVNGNL19 | 2013 | *Elite Excel* | Stellar OM Source | single |
| RVNGNL20 | | *Joy One Mile* | Stellar OM Source |  |
| RVNGNL21 | | *Swisher* | Blondes |  |
| RVNGNL22 | 2014 | *Improvisations* | Gardland | live album |
| RVNGNL23 | | *Syndrome Syndrome* | Gardland |  |
| RVNGNL24 | | "Chorus" | Holly Herndon | single |
| RVNGNL25 | | *I Shall Die Here* | The Body & The Haxan Cloak |  |
| RVNGNL26 | | *Rewire* | Blondes | EP |
| RVNGNL27 | | *Tomorrow Was the Golden Age* | Bing & Ruth |  |
| RVNGNL28 | | *Home* | Holly Herndon | single |
| RVNGNL29 | 2015 | *Platform* | Holly Herndon |  |
| RVNGNL30 | | *Nite-Glo* | Stellar OM Source | EP |
| RVNGNL31 | | *City Lake* | Bing & Ruth |  |
| RVNGNL32 | | *Persuasions* | Blondes | EP |
| RVNGNL33 | | *We Are Not the First* | Hieroglyphic Being & J.I.T.U. Ahn-Sahm-Buhl |  |
| RVNGNL34 | 2016 | *Zelalem* | Mikael Seifu | EP |
| RVNGNL35 | | *The Enlightening Beam of Bobby Brown* | Various artists |  |
| RVNGNL36 | | *Catalog Compendium vol. 1* | Various artists |  |
| RVNGNL37 | | *Reassemblage* | Visible Cloaks | RVNGNL37-1 is *Valve / Valve (Revisited)* single |
| RVNGNL38 | 2017 | *The Gradual Progression* | Greg Fox |  |
| RVNGNL39 | | *Private Energy (Expanded)* | Helado Negro |  |
| RVNGNL40 | | *UkabazUmorezU* | Sugai Ken |  |
| RVNGNL41 | | *Peaceful Protest* | Various Artists |  |
| RVNGNL44 | | *Lex* | Visible Cloaks |  |
| RVNGNL43 | | *Shelly's On Zenn-la* | Oliver Coates | Album |  |
| RVNGNL46 | 2018 | *Anticlines* | Lucrecia Dalt | Album |  |
| RVNGNL50 | | *для FOR* | Kate NV | Album |  |
| RVNGNL60 | 2020 | *Sea to Sea* | Sign Libra |  |
| RVNGNL81 | 2022 | *Salutations* | Various Artists |  |
| RVNGNL83 | | *Volume II* | Flore Laurentienne |  |
| RVNGNL84 | | *Advanced Myth* | Dialect |  |
| RVNGNL85 | | *¡Ay!* | Lucrecia Dalt |  |
| RVNGNL95 | | *Comradely Objects* | Horse Lords |  |
| RVNGNL103 | | *bouquet* | Kate NV |  |
| RVNGNL82 | 2023 | *WOW* | Kate NV |  |
| RVNGNL86 | | *soaring wayne phoenix story the earth and sky* | Wayne Phoenix |  |
| RVNGNL93 | | *Paradise Crick* | M. Sage |  |
| RVNGNL96 | | *Hidden Beauty* | Sign Libra |  |
| RVNGNL99 | | *Reflections Vol. 1: Let the Moon Be a Planet* | Steve Gunn & David Moore |  |
| RVNGNL105 | | *Tin Iso and the Dawn* | Tristan Allen |  |
| RVNGNL106 | | *SEASON: A letter to the future (Original Soundtrack)* | Spencer Doran |  |
| RVNGNL108 | | *Live in Leipzig* | Horse Lords |  |
| RVNGNL112 | 2024 | *Quantum Web* | Discovery Zone |  |

### RVNG Prsnts Mxs series

Selected releases from the RVNG Prsnts Mxs series
| Cat# | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mx1B | 2003 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx1B: Julian S. Process* | Julian S. Process | CD, 12" vinyl |
| Mx2 | 2004 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx2: Diabolic & Julian S. Process* | Julian S. Process, Diabolic | CD, 12" vinyl |
| Mx3 | 2003 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx3: Tim Sweeney* | Tim Sweeney |  |
| Mx4 | 2005 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx4: Crazy Rhythms* | Crazy Rhythms |  |
| Mx5 | 2007 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx5: Justine D* | Justine D |  |
| Mx6 | 2008 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx6: JD Twitch* | JD Twitch | Subtitled *60 Minutes of Fear* |
| Mx6TEN | | *Rvng Prsnts Mx6TEN: JD Twitch* | JD Twitch | Subtitled *10 Inches of Fear* |
| Mx7 | 2009 | *Rvng Prsnts Mx7: Purple Brain* | Purple Brain |  |
| Mx7SEVEN | | *Rvng Prsnts Mx7SEVEN: Purple Brain* | Purple Brain |  |

### RVNG OF THE NRDS series

Selected releases from the Rvng Of The Nrds series
| Cat. # | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NRDS01 | 2006 | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 1* | The Flying Squad | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS02 | | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 2* | Betty Botox | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS03 | 2007 | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 3* | Mock & Toof | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS04 | 2008 | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 4* | Lovefingers | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS05 | | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 5* | Wade Nichols | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS06 | | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 6* | Jacques Renault | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS07 | | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 7* | Greg Wilson | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS08 | 2009 | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 8* | In Flagranti | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS09 | | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 9* | Jackpot | 12" vinyl |
| NRDS10 | 2010 | *Rvng of the Nrds Vol. 10* | Pilooski | 12" vinyl |

### FRKWYS Series

Selected releases from the FRKWYS Series
| Cat. # | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FRKWYS02 | 2009 | *FRKWYS Vol. 2* | Carter Tutti, JG Thirlwell | 12" + MP3 |
| FRKWYS03 | 2010 | *FRKWYS Vol. 3* | Arp, Anthony Moore | 12" + MP3 |
| FRKWYS04 | | *FRKWYS Vol. 4* | Psychic Ills | 12" + MP3 |
| FRKWYS05 | 2011 | *FRKWYS Vol. 5* | Mirror Mirror | 12" + MP3 |
| FRKWYS06 | | *FRKWYS Vol. 6* | Julianna Barwick, Ikue Mori |  |
| FRKWYS07 | | *FRKWYS Vol. 7* | David Borden, James Ferraro, Sam Godin, Laurel Halo, Daniel Lopatin |  |
| FRKWYS08 | | *FRKWYS Vol. 8* | Blues Control, Laraaji |  |
| FRKWYS09 | 2012 | *FRKWYS Vol. 9* | Sun Araw, M. Geddes Gengras and The Congos | *ICON GIVE THANK* |
| FRKWYS10 | 2013 | *FRKWYS Vol. 10* | David Van Tieghem x Ten | *Fits & Starts* |
| FRKWYS11 | 2014 | *FRKWYS Vol. 11* | Steve Gunn & Mike Cooper | *Cantos de Lisboa* |
| FRKWYS12 | 2015 | *FRKWYS Vol. 12* | Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe & Ariel Kalma | *We Know Each Other Somehow* |
| FRKWYS13 | 2016 | *FRKWYS Vol. 13* | Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith & Suzanne Ciani | *Sunergy* |
| FRKWYS14 | 2018 | *FRKWYS Vol. 14* | Tashi Wada with Yoshi Wada and Friends | *Nue* |
| FRKWYS15 | 2019 | *FRKWYS Vol. 15* | Visible Cloaks, Yoshio Ojima & Satsuki Shibano | *serenitatem* |
| FRKWYS16 | 2020 | *FRKWYS Vol. 16* | Ian William Craig & Daniel Lentz | *In a Word* |

### Beats in Space series

Selected releases from the BIS series
| Cat# | Yr | Single title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| BIS001 | 2011 | "Parfait Tirage" | Paradis | 12", mp3 |
| BIS002 | 2012 | "Nebula Sphynx" | Secret Circuit |  |
| BIS003 | | "Hemisphere" | Paradis |  |
| BIS004 | | "Macsat Ring Down" | Lauer |  |
| BIS005 | 2013 | "Afterlife" | Secret Circuit |  |
| BIS006 | | *Tactile Galactics* | Secret Circuit |  |
| BIS007 | | "Sum of Love" | Jee Day |  |
| BIS008 | | *Desperate Pleasures EP* | Tornado Wallace |  |
| BIS009 | | "The Noughties" | Gonno |  |
| BIS010 | | "Break the Dawn" | Crystal & S. Koshi |  |
| BIS011 | 2014 | *Domino EP* | Dukes of Chutney |  |
| BIS012 | | *So What EP* | Hidden Fees |  |
| BIS013 | | "Holding On" | House of Spirits |  |
| BIS014 | | "So You Say" | Matt Karmil |  |
| BIS015 | | "Yin Yang Theatre" | Jaakko Eino Kalevi |  |
| BIS016 | | "Gin 'n' Tears" | Guiddo feat. Georges Perin |  |
| BIS017 | | "Hands & Feet" | Lauer |  |
| BIS018 | 2015 | "Kangaroo Ground / Ferntree Gully" | Tornado Wallace |  |
| BIS019 | | *Palmbomen II* | Palmbomen II |  |
| BIS020 | 2016 | "Shoot the Freak" | T & P |  |
| BIS021 | | *Beats in Space 15th Anniversary Mix* | Tim Sweeney | Mix of previous releases |
| BIS022 | | *BIS: 001–020* | Various artists | Collection of previous releases |
| BIS023 | | *Primavera EP* | Antenna |  |
| BIS024 | | "Memories of Cindy Pt. 1" | Palmbomen II |  |
| BIS025 | | "(Eerie) For Your Love" | Mount Liberation Unlimited |  |
| BIS026 | | "Good to Me" | Shan |  |
| BIS027 | 2017 | "Dawning Light" | Jacques Bon |  |
| BIS028 | | "Memories of Cindy Pt. 2" | Palmbomen II |  |
| BIS029 | 2018 | "Memories of Cindy Pt. 3" | Palmbomen II |  |
| BIS031 | | *Memories of Cindy* | Palmbomen II |  |
| BIS032 | | *Who Are You* | E Ruscha V |  |
| BIS032 | | *Midnight Markers* | Shy Layers |  |
| BIS032 | | *Woo are you* | E Ruscha V. And Woo |  |

### RERVNG series

Selected releases from the RERVNG series
| Cat# | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RERVNG01 | 2011 | *Synthesist / Re-Synthesist* | Harald Grosskopf / Various artists |  |
| RERVNG02 | 2012 | *Music Is Painting in the Air (1974-1977)* | Sensations' Fix |  |
| RERVNG03 | 2014 | *A Period of Review (1975-1983)* | K. Leimer |  |
| RERVNG04 | | *Anthology of Interplanetary Folk Music vol. 1: Nommos / Visiting* | Craig Leon |  |
| RERVNG05 | | *An Evolutionary Music (1972–1979)* | Ariel Kalma |  |
| RERVNG07 | 2015 | *Artificial Dance* | Savant |  |
| RERVNG06 | 2016 | *Breadwoman & Other Tales* | Anna Homler and Steve Moshier |  |
| RERVNG08 | | *Tumblers from the Vault (1970–1972)* | Syrinx |  |
| RERVNG10 | 2017 | *Trans-Millenia Music* | Pauline Anna Strom |  |
| RERVNG11 | 2018 | *Few Traces* | Mark Renner |  |

### Commend See series

Selected releases from the Commend See series
| Cat# | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CMMND001 | 2016 | *For Haku* | RAMZi |  |
| CMMND002 | | *Water Falls Into a Blank* | 7FO |  |
| CMMND003 | 2017 | *Parcel* | Melanie Velarde |  |

### Freedom to Spend series

Selected releases from the Freedom to Spend series
| Cat# | Yr | Album title | Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FTS001 | 2017 | *Eye Chant* | Michele Mercure |  |
| FTS002 | | *Music Works for Industry* | Marc Barreca |  |
| FTS003 | | *Poiemusia La Nau Dels Argonautes* | Pep Llopis |  |
| FTS004 | | *Eros in Arabia* | Richard Horowitz |  |
| FTS009 | 2018 | *Music and Poetry of the Kesh* | Ursula K. Le Guin & Todd Barton |  |

## Further reading

Interviews * "Label Profile: FRKWYS". *Fact Magazine*. May 10, 2010.
* "A potted history of RVNG Intl". Juno Download. May 30, 2012.

## InfoBox

| RVNG Intl. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 2003 (2003) |
| Founder | Matt Werth, David Pianka |
| Distributor(s) | Secretly Distribution |
| Genre | Electronic, experimental |
| Country of origin | U.S. |
| Location | Brooklyn, New York City |
| Official website | www.igetrvng.com |


title: North White School Corporation

abstract: North White School Corporation is a public school district located in White County, Indiana.

text:
# North White School Corporation

**North White School Corporation** is a public school district located in White County, Indiana.

## Schools in North White School Corporation

Schools in the North White School Corporation:

Admin of North White Schools

* Mrs. McIntire is the Principal of North White Elementary School
* Mr. VanDerAa is the Principal of North White Middle High School
* Ms. Holst is the Assistant Principal of North White Middle High School
* Mr. Woodcock is the Athletic Director of North White School Corporation

School Addresses North White Elementary School 304 E Broadway Monon, Indiana 47959

North White Middle High School 305 E Broadway Monon, Indiana 47959

## InfoBox

| North White School Corporation | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| White County, Indiana United States | |
| Coordinates | 40°52′05″N 86°52′44″W / 40.8680°N 86.8790°W / 40.8680; -86.8790 |
| District information | |
| Type | Public school district |
| Grades | PreK–12 |
| Superintendent | Dr. Teresa L. Gremaux |
| NCES District ID | 1808130 |
| Students and staff | |
| Enrollment | 909 (2021–22) |
| Faculty | 57.0 (on an FTE basis) |
| Student–teacher ratio | 15.95 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.nwhite.k12.in.us |


title: Gradeshnitsa

abstract: Gradeshnitsa (Градешница) is a village of the Vratsa Province, Bulgaria. The village is notable for the Gradeshnitsa monastery, and for the neolithic Gradeshnitsa tablets now kept in Vratsa museum.

text:
# Gradeshnitsa

**Gradeshnitsa** (Градешница) is a village of the Vratsa Province, Bulgaria.

The village is notable for the **Gradeshnitsa monastery** (situated 1.5 km west of the village), and for the neolithic Gradeshnitsa tablets now kept in Vratsa museum.

## InfoBox

| Gradeshnitsa Градешница | |
| --- | --- |
| GradeshnitsaLocation of Gradeshnitsa | |
| Coordinates: 43°29′N 23°29′E / 43.483°N 23.483°E / 43.483; 23.483 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Provinces<br>(Oblast) | Montana |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Magdalin Salkov |
| Elevation | 189 m (620 ft) |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 655 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal Code | 3074 |
| Area code | 091186 |
| License plate | B |


title: Karis Teetan

abstract: Karis Teetan is a horse racing jockey in Hong Kong. He was a South African Champion Apprentice in 2008. He start riding in Hong Kong at August 2013. He also has won with more than 400 winners in Hong Kong and won the Hong Kong International Jockeys' Championship in 2019.

text:
# Karis Teetan

**Karis Teetan** (born 3 June 1990 in Mauritius) is a horse racing jockey in Hong Kong. He was a South African Champion Apprentice in 2008. He start riding in Hong Kong at August 2013. He also has won with more than 400 winners in Hong Kong and won the Hong Kong International Jockeys' Championship in 2019.

## Performance at the Hong Kong Jockey Club

| Seasons | Total Rides | No. of Wins | No. of 2nds | No. of 3rds | No. of 4ths | Stakes won |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013/2014 | 583 | 50 | 43 | 38 | 53 | HK$50,236,937 |
| 2014/2015 | 517 | 29 | 46 | 47 | 48 | HK$40,030,300 |
| 2015/2016 | 575 | 47 | 44 | 49 | 55 | HK$54,158,200 |
| 2016/2017 | 631 | 40 | 59 | 54 | 58 | HK$60,528,275 |
| 2017/2018 | 588 | 52 | 54 | 70 | 60 | HK$70,099,585 |
| 2018/2019 | 693 | 84 | 69 | 71 | 72 | HK$110,674,060 |
| 2019/2020 | 719 | 93 | 75 | 81 | 81 | HK$138,503,489 |
| 2020/2021 | 741 | 79 | 92 | 90 | 83 | HK$139,547,000 |
| 2021/2022 | 665 | 73 | 79 | 69 | 77 | HK$139,847,225 |

## Major wins

**Hong Kong**

**South Africa**


title: Radcot Bridge

abstract: Radcot Bridge is a crossing of the Thames in England, south of Radcot, Oxfordshire, and north of Faringdon, Oxfordshire which is in the district of that county that was in Berkshire. It carries the A4095 road across the reach above Radcot Lock. In many analyses it is a series of three bridges – before the northern one is reached, mainly to the east, is the smaller island hosting the Swan Inn. On the main north bank are slight earthworks forming a large square in which further remains have been found of Matilda's Castle and some Roman artefacts.

text:
# Radcot Bridge

**Radcot Bridge** is a crossing of the Thames in England, south of Radcot, Oxfordshire, and north of Faringdon, Oxfordshire which is in the district of that county that was in Berkshire. It carries the A4095 road across the reach above Radcot Lock. In many analyses it is a series of three bridges  before the northern one is reached, mainly to the east, is the smaller island hosting the Swan Inn. On the main north bank are slight earthworks forming a large square in which further remains have been found of Matilda's Castle and some Roman artefacts.

## The bridges

Three stone bridges cross this part of the upper Thames valley: from south to north, these are: **Old Radcot Bridge**, the **Canal Bridge** (*listed* as part of Radcot Bridge) and **Pidnell Bridge** which is close to the main building on the smaller island, 'Ye Olde Swan' Hotel. The latter is confusingly furthest from Pidnell Farm  the nearest farmstead or hamlet in Faringdon parish.

Originally built across the Thames, Old Radcot Bridge now crosses only about a third of the local river flow since the construction, in 1787, of a new cut for the Thames and Severn Canal. The Canal Bridge was built at the same time. Radcot Bridge is the oldest standing bridge on the Thames, the core having been built, with pointed arches of Taynton stone, around 1200. The Cistercian monks of Saint Mary at Cîteaux in Normandy were granted land for the purpose by King John.

The larger island which is crossed has a rectangular cottage (named after the bridge) with one side almost against the road, and which is a listed building.; on the other side of the road is pillbox from World War II, part of the GHQ Line.

Much of the structure was torn down during the Battle of Radcot Bridge on 19 December 1387 between troops loyal to Richard II, led by court favourite Robert de Vere, and an army captained by Richard's cousin Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby  the future Henry IV. The bridge was rebuilt in 1393. It was severely damaged during the latter part of the Wars of the Roses, and was largely rebuilt as it appears today, with a flattened centre arch.

Radcot Bridge became a toll bridge and its wharf was commercially important as the highest shipping point on the Thames, with the junction of the Severn-Thames canal not far away at Lechlade, Gloucestershire. During this era of the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom the local towpath would also have become heavily worn year-round for the first time.

The longer Thames Path, variants of which were first made in the 19th century, crosses the bridges.

## Matilda's Castle

*Time Team*, in a programme first broadcast on 15 February 2009, excavated Matilda's Castle in the summer of 2008. They found that visible earthworks near Radcot Bridge dated from the 17th-century English Civil War, when Parliamentary forces built them to support cannon used to bombard Royalist forces garrisoned in Radcot House. Underneath some of these earthworks were remains of a square Norman keep dating from the time of the 12th-century Anarchy. Evidence suggested the tower was pulled down a century after it was built. Its remains were further damaged by later constructions on the site. Some Roman remains, possibly from a villa, were also found.

## Notes and references

### Footnotes

### Citations

1. Historic England. "Old Radcot Bridge or Radcot Bridge, Grade I, that part in Great Faringdon parish (1048414)". *National Heritage List for England*.
2. Historic England. "Old Radcot Bridge or Radcot Bridge, Grade I, that part in Radcot and Grafton parish (1053405)". *National Heritage List for England*.
3. Historic England. "Canal Bridge or Radcot Bridge, Grade II (1283582)". *National Heritage List for England*.
4. Historic England. "Radcot Bridge Cottage (1367743)". *National Heritage List for England*.
5. "Time Team Radcot page". Channel 4. Retrieved 20 February 2009.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Radcot Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Radcot Bridge | |
| Coordinates | 51°41′35″N 1°35′19″W / 51.693081°N 1.588644°W / 51.693081; -1.588644 |
| Carries | A4095 road, Thames Path |
| Crosses | River Thames |
| Locale | Radcot, Oxfordshire |
| Maintained by | Oxfordshire County Council |
| Heritage status | Grade I listed |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | arch |
| Material | Stone |
| Height | 11 feet 4 inches (3.45 m) |
| Load limit | 18 tonnes (18 long tons; 20 short tons) |
| History | |
| Opened | *circa* 1200 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Radcot Lock

abstract: Radcot Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England just downstream of Radcot, Oxfordshire, on the southern bank. The lock was built by the Thames Conservancy in 1892 on the site of an old weir and flash lock. The weir is on the other side of the lock island.

text:
# Radcot Lock

| Radcot Lock |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

**Radcot Lock** is a lock on the River Thames in England just downstream of Radcot, Oxfordshire, on the southern bank.

The lock was built by the Thames Conservancy in 1892 on the site of an old weir and flash lock.

The weir is on the other side of the lock island.

## History

There was previously a weir on the site known as Clarke's, although the names Becks or Bucks were also used. It was removed in 1868 and the river was widened then. Proposals for the new pound lock and weir were raised in 1891 and implemented the following year.

With the replacement of the historic paddle and rhymer weir(2013?) a combined fish and canoe pass was constructed, this currently (2018), is the only one of its type on the entire River Thames.

## Access to the lock

The lock can be reached on foot from the southern end of Radcot Bridge, or by road on a longer route via Thrupp Turn. There is however no public vehicular access to the lock.

## Reach above the Lock

About halfway along is Radcot Bridge the oldest surviving bridge on the river. The bridge crossing the main channel has a single arch, and was constructed in stone in the late 18th century. The A4095 road which it carries also crosses a backwater, which was once the county boundary between Berkshire and Oxfordshire. The backwater bridge dates from the 13th and 14th centuries, and has three arches, the outer two being pointed, with the central one less so, as a result of later rebuilding. There is a considerable amount of mooring at the backwaters here. Stone for the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral, obtained from local quarries was loaded on rafts near the bridge.

Above Radcot is a sharp bend called "Hell's Turn" or "Hell Gut", and further on a point known as "Schoolmaster's Hole".

The **Thames Path**, which is on the opposite side of the river from the lock, follows the northern bank to Grafton Lock.

51°41′56″N 1°34′23″W / 51.69887°N 1.57311°W / 51.69887; -1.57311

## InfoBox

| Radcot Lock | |
| --- | --- |
| Radcot Lock on the River Thames | |
|  | |
| Waterway | River Thames |
| County | Oxfordshire |
| Maintained by | Environment Agency |
| Operation | Manual |
| First built | 1892 |
| Length | 34.59 m (113 ft 6 in) |
| Width | 4.57 m (15 ft 0 in) |
| Fall | 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in) |
| Above sea level | 221' |
| Distance to <br>Teddington Lock | 117 miles |


title: Radoboj

abstract:
Radoboj is a village and municipality in Krapina-Zagorje County in Croatia. In the 2011 census, the total population was 3,387, in the following settlements:
  - Bregi Radobojski, population 445
  - Gorjani Sutinski, population 145
  - Gornja Šemnica, population 627
  - Jazvine, population 382
  - Kraljevec Radobojski, population 49
  - Kraljevec Šemnički, population 117
  - Orehovec Radobojski, population 282
  - Radoboj, population 1,282
  - Strahinje Radobojsko, population 58 In the 2011 census, 99.0% of the population were Croats.

text:
# Radoboj

**Radoboj** is a village and municipality in Krapina-Zagorje County in Croatia. In the 2011 census, the total population was 3,387, in the following settlements:

In the 2011 census, 99.0% of the population were Croats.

## Fossil site

Radoboj is particularly famous as a major fossil site. During the 19th Century a large number of fossils from the Miocene were excavated here. Especially notable are the well preserved insects fossils which were described by the Swiss palaeontologist Oswald Heer. Most of this type material is currently in Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, there is also considerable material from Radoboj in the Natural History Museum in Zagreb.

## Sport

Football club NK Radoboj in the 4th League.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Radoboj | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 46°09′59.04″N 15°55′24.96″E / 46.1664000°N 15.9236000°E / 46.1664000; 15.9236000 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Krapina-Zagorje County |
| Government | |
| Municipal Mayor | Anđelko Topolovec |
| Area | |
| Municipality | 33.1 km2 (12.8 sq mi) |
| Urban | 13.0 km2 (5.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Municipality | 2,981 |
| Density | 90/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Urban | 1,131 |
| Urban density | 87/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Website | radoboj.hr |


title: Karm Yodha

abstract: Karmyoddha is a 1992 Bollywood action film. It stars Raj Babbar, Dimple Kapadia in lead roles.

text:
# Karm Yodha

***Karmyoddha*** is a 1992 Bollywood action film. It stars Raj Babbar, Dimple Kapadia in lead roles.

## Music

Nadira Babbar wrote all the songs.

1. Haye Ye Ladhkiya - Amit Kumar
2. Jhumpak Jhumpak Tara Ra Ram - Suresh Wadkar, Alka Yagnik
3. Uff Ye Kya Hua - Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Aziz
4. Ang Ang Mere Jadu Jage - Amit Kumar, Anuradha Paudwal
5. "Zara Sa Mujhe Chhua Toh" - Lata Mangeshkar, Amit Kumar

## InfoBox

| Karmyoddha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Dayal Nihalani |
| Starring | Raj Babbar<br>Dimple Kapadia |
| Music by | Ajit Varman |
| Release date | * 17 January 1992 (1992-01-17) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Radioresepsjonen

abstract: Radioresepsjonen was a Norwegian radio show. From 2006 to 2013, it was broadcast on NRK P3, a radio station aimed at younger listeners, and was broadcast on NRK P13 from 2014 to 2020. Radioresepsjonen was hosted by brothers Steinar Sagen (host) and Tore Sagen (technician), and Bjarte Tjøstheim (sidekick). The show was very popular in Norway and has developed cult status amongst a broad audience. It was also the most podcasted radio show in Norway, with over 200.000 downloads each month. In addition to their radio show, the trio has also had success with live shows, TV-shows and other podcasts.

text:
# Radioresepsjonen

***Radioresepsjonen*** (Eng. *lit.* "The radio reception") was a Norwegian radio show. From 2006 to 2013, it was broadcast on NRK P3, a radio station aimed at younger listeners, and was broadcast on NRK P13 from 2014 to 2020. Radioresepsjonen was hosted by brothers Steinar Sagen (host) and Tore Sagen (technician), and Bjarte Tjøstheim (sidekick).

The show was very popular in Norway and has developed cult status amongst a broad audience. It was also the most podcasted radio show in Norway, with over 200.000 downloads each month. In addition to their radio show, the trio has also had success with live shows, TV-shows and other podcasts.

## Biography

The idea of the show came to life in 2005. Bjarte Tjøstheim and Steinar Sagen already had long careers in the NRK, while Tore Sagen was only 24. The NRK was originally opposed to the idea of a show where three people would talk and converse on-air at the same time. However, after a pilot was made the show and its format was approved; the show was then launched with the theme "one fat, one tall and one old man make radio".

The namesake of the show is from the actual receptions from the entry of NRK radio building. The show was first given air time in 2006, and was aired from one till three pm, Monday to Friday. The show was then taken off the air due to the trio's new TV project, but they returned in 2007 and was given a permanent air slot after Mina Hadjian was fired from the NRK. The show ceased broadcasting in 2020, when the hosts left the state-owned NRK to create a podcast for Schibsted.

## Controversies

The show has received some criticism due to their traditional consumer tests, which has included tests of beer, wine, hard liquor, cigarettes and snus. They were also criticized after making remarks about Mira Craig, which included calling her fat.

In the autumn of 2014, Tjøstheim and the Sagen brothers sparked controversy by talking about the sexualisation of women and related topics in their radio show which was negatively received by some feminist groups who accused them of being "dirty old men". The same year, the trio was accused of mocking mentally disabled people and for the first time publicly apologized for the remarks they had made.

## Discography

### Singles

* 2011: "God jul" (Tore as songwriter, guitarist and main vocalist, Steinar and Tjøstheim do background vocals, though there are several versions)

## InfoBox

| Radioresepsjonen during a promo shoot for their live "Jingle show". | |
| --- | --- |
| Running time | 2 hours. |
| Country of origin | Norway |
| Language(s) | Norwegian |
| Home station | NRK P13 |
| TV adaptations | Singelklubben
I kveld med Steinar Sagen
Radioresepsjonen på TV
Ukens vinner |
| Hosted by | Steinar Sagen |
| Starring | Tore Sagen
Bjarte Tjøstheim |
| Recording studio | K94, Marienlyst |
| Original release | 1 January 2006 (2006-01-01)
December 17, 2020 (2020-12-17) |
| Website | nrk.no/rr |
| Podcast | podkast.nrk.no |


title: Kashirampur

abstract: Kashirampur is a census town in Pauri Garhwal District in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

text:
# Kashirampur

**Kashirampur** is a census town in Pauri Garhwal District in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

## Geography

Kashirampur is located at 29°44′N 78°32′E / 29.73°N 78.53°E / 29.73; 78.53.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kashirampur had a population of 9033. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kashirampur has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 72%. In Kashirampur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## InfoBox

| Kashirampur | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| KashirampurLocation in Uttarakhand, IndiaKashirampurKashirampur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 29°44′N 78°32′E / 29.73°N 78.53°E / 29.73; 78.53 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttarakhand |
| District | Pauri |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 9,033 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UK |
| Website | uk.gov.in |


abstract: Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp., 450 U.S. 662 (1981), was a United States Supreme Court case involving the application of the Dormant Commerce Clause to an Iowa state statute restricting the length of tractor-trailers.

text:
# Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.

***Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.***, 450 U.S. 662 (1981), was a United States Supreme Court case involving the application of the Dormant Commerce Clause to an Iowa state statute restricting the length of tractor-trailers.

## Facts

An Iowa statute restricted most truck combinations to 55 ft (17 m) in length. It did provide for some exceptions: doubles, mobile homes, and trucks that carried livestock or certain types of farm equipment were permitted to be 60 ft (18 m), and cities which abutted the state line were permitted to adopt the length limitations of the adjacent State. Deliverers of trucks or oversized mobile homes were required by law to obtain a permit before shipping the items into or out of the state.

Plaintiff Consolidated Freightways Corporation sued Raymond Kassel, director of the Iowa Department of Transportation, Iowa governor Robert Ray, and number of other state transportation officials in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa, alleging that Iowa's statutory scheme unconstitutionally burdens interstate commerce. Iowa defended the statute as a reasonable safety measure enacted pursuant to its police power, asserting that 65-foot (20 m) double tractor-trailers are more dangerous than 55-foot singles, and that the law would improve safety and reduce the number of highway accidents by diverting truck traffic outside the state.

The District Court made the factual finding that 65-foot doubles were just as safe as 60-foot doubles and 55-foot semi-trailers. It then determined that the state law impermissibly burdened interstate commerce, holding that the relatively slight benefit of the law in improving safety and reducing casualties was outweighed by the federal interest in promoting commerce between the States. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed, noting that the only apparent safety benefit to Iowa was that resulting from forcing large trucks to detour around the State, thereby reducing overall truck traffic on Iowa's highways. The Court of Appeals noted that this was not a constitutionally permissible interest. It also commented that the several statutory exemptions identified above, such as those applicable to border cities and the shipment of livestock, suggested that the law in effect benefited Iowa residents at the expense of interstate traffic.

## Plurality opinion

Justice Powell wrote the plurality opinion, in which Justices White, Blackmun, and Stevens joined. He analogized the case to *Raymond Motor Transportation, Inc. v. Rice*, which concerned a similar law in the State of Wisconsin. In *Rice*, the Court used a balancing test which compares the nature of the State’s regulatory concern with the extent of the burden to interstate commerce. Powell found this law to be a great burden on interstate commerce with only an “illusory” safety interest.

Powell reexamined the evidence on the record and determined that the State failed to meet its burden of proof to show that there was any statistically significant difference in safety between the 55-foot and 65-foot trucks. Moreover, the statute could potentially create more accidents, by forcing shippers to use more small trucks to carry the same quantity of goods, or force truck traffic to bypass the State of Iowa, shifting traffic (and a higher incidence of accidents) to adjacent states. Powell further rejected the State’s contention that deference to the state legislature was in order, because the statute created such a burden to out-of-state residents, and the legislative history of the “border-cities” exemption suggested that Iowa’s real purpose in enacting this law was to discriminate against out-of-state businesses.

## Concurrence

Justice Brennan concurred in the judgment, joined by Justice Thurgood Marshall. He suggested a new, three-factor test for the Dormant Commerce Clause:

1. The courts are not empowered to second-guess the empirical judgments of lawmakers concerning the utility of legislation.
2. The burdens imposed on commerce must be balanced against the local benefits actually sought to be achieved by the State's lawmakers, and not against those suggested after the fact by counsel.
3. Protectionist legislation is unconstitutional under the Commerce Clause, even if the burdens and benefits are related to safety rather than economics.

450 U.S. at 679-680.

In this analysis, Brennan suggested greater deference to the state legislature and better examination of the legislative history of the statute in dispute, rather than giving credence to the factual record created at trial by the State’s attorneys. However, protectionist legislation such as this, which shifts burdens and expenses to other states, does not require such deference. Brennan would create a per se invalidity rule for such laws.

## Dissent

Justice Rehnquist wrote the dissenting opinion, in which Chief Justice Burger and Justice Stewart joined. Rehnquist noted that every state has truck-length regulations, and that this law is not the oddity that the majority claims it to be. He would have utilized rational basis review, instead of making new factual findings at trial and then using those findings to determine the validity of the legislation. He worried that the Court’s ruling basically forced Iowa to bow to the policy choices of neighboring states, when the power to make such interstate regulations is vested in Congress by the Constitution. He further argued that the court was reading too much into the motives of the legislature in enacting the statute.

Rehnquist further argues that it was error to portray Iowa's statute as protectionist because it is nearly impossible to separate the safety and protectionist motives of the law.

> Whenever a State enacts more stringent safety measures than its neighbors, in an area which affects commerce, the safety law will have the incidental effect of deflecting interstate commerce to the neighboring States.

## InfoBox

| Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp. | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued November 4, 1980
Decided March 24, 1981 | |
| Full case name | *Raymond Kassel, Director of the Iowa Department of Transportation, Iowa Governor Robert D. Ray, and state transportation officials Robert Rigler, L. Stanley Schoelerman, Donald Gardner, Jules Busker, Allan Thomas, Barbara Dunn, William McGrath, Jon McCoy, Charles W. Larson, Edward Dickinson, and Richard C. Turner v. Consolidated Freightways Corporation of Delaware* |
| Citations | 450 U.S. 662 (*more*)101 S. Ct. 1309; 67 L. Ed. 2d 580; 1981 U.S. LEXIS 17; 49 U.S.L.W. 4328 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit |
| Holding | |
| Iowa's truck-length limitation violated the Dormant Commerce Clause. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice Warren E. Burger  Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. **·**  Potter Stewart
Byron White **·**  Thurgood Marshall
Harry Blackmun **·**  Lewis F. Powell Jr.
William Rehnquist **·**  John P. Stevens | |
| Case opinions | |
| Plurality | Powell, joined by White, Blackmun, Stevens |
| Concurrence | Brennan, joined by Marshall |
| Dissent | Rehnquist, joined by Burger, Stewart |
| Laws applied | |
| Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution | |


title: Ragnarok (Norwegian band)

abstract: Ragnarok is a Norwegian black metal band. The band was formed in Sarpsborg, Norway in 1994 by Jerv and Jontho, after they left Thoth, their previous band. Lyrical themes include Norse Mythology, Vikings, Satanism, War, and Anti-Christianity. The band's name comes from the Old Norse word Ragnarök, the prophesied last battle between the Norse gods and the giants. They are "one of the most extreme black metal bands in Norway", making heavy use of make-up and special effects.

text:
# Ragnarok (Norwegian band)

**Ragnarok** is a Norwegian black metal band. The band was formed in Sarpsborg, Norway in 1994 by Jerv and Jontho, after they left Thoth, their previous band. Lyrical themes include Norse Mythology, Vikings, Satanism, War, and Anti-Christianity. The band's name comes from the Old Norse word *Ragnarök*, the prophesied last battle between the Norse gods and the giants. They are "one of the most extreme black metal bands in Norway", making heavy use of make-up and special effects.

## History

Shortly after forming in 1994, Ragnarok released their first demo, *Et Vinterland i Nord*, with the original lineup of bassist Jerv, drummer Jontho, guitarist Rym and vocalist Thyme as the vocalist. The band received good feedback for their demo work and soon signed to the cult label Head Not Found Records, who released Ragnarok's debut album *Nattferd* in 1995.

The band was generally dissatisfied with Head Not Found Records, and intended to leave in 1996, but were persuaded to sign a contract for two more albums after the label offered them a much better deal. Unfortunately, this deal meant that Ragnarok was forced to turn down a deal with Century Media, who expressed interest in signing the band after a show in Oslo later that same year.

In 1997, work was begun on Ragnarok's second album, titled *Arising Realm*, which featured Shagrath of the band Dimmu Borgir on keyboards. In 1998, Ragnarok went on tour for the first time, playing eight shows in Denmark and Germany in addition to the Blood Log Festival in Leipzig. At the end of the year Ragnarok started recording *Diabolical Age*, their third album. Diabolical Age was not finished until late in 1999, and by the time it was actually released Thyme had left the band, to be replaced by vocalist Astaroth, and Sander had joined as a second guitarist. It was soon clear, however, that Sander was not cut out to perform with the band, so he was kicked out and replaced with Lord Arcamous shortly after the eventual release of Diabolical Age in 2000.

Later in 2000, Ragnarok embarked on a short tour with Swedish band Satanic Slaughter, in the course of which it became clear that Astaroth was not capable of continuing on with the band. He left the band after the tour. Lord Arcamous filled in as vocalist for the recording of the album *In Nomine Satanas* on Regain Records, but he himself was replaced with Hoest of the band Taake in 2002.

After Hoest joined the band, Ragnarok toured both Europe and North America and honed their sound for their next album. *Blackdoor Miracle* was recorded in 2004, and both the band and its fans were pleased with the results.

After a renewal of the lineup the only remaining original member, drummer Jontho, announced they will start touring with the new lineup. The band has rarely played live in recent years but were scheduled for the 10th anniversary of the Inferno Metal Festival in 2010. When they appeared there in 2003, a reviewer from HeavyMetal.no said their performance "fitted very well into \[my concept of black metal\], both good and bad" and seemed to please large numbers of the crowd. And in December 2005 they played their "first time at a drug-free event" at St. Croix in Fredrikstad and were a huge success.

In March 2010, they released their new album, *Collectors of the King*, through Regain Records. A reviewer at HeavyMetal.no called it "some of the most insistent and gripping Black Metal I've heard in a while." The reviewer at NecroWeb gave it 7 out of 10 points.

In May 2012, they announced they had signed with Agonia Records and would release a seventh album. Their seventh studio album was released October 31 in Europe and November 6 in North America under the name *Malediction*.

After vocalist Hans Fryste announced his departure from the band in early 2014, the band finally officially announced their replacement for him September 14, 2014. The new vocalist will be drummer and Ragnarok founder Jontho himself, and his place behind the drum kit on stage will be taken by Dauden drummer Malignant.

On April 29, 2017, former bassist and co-founder Jerv was killed in a car accident.

## Current members

* Jontho – drums (1994–2014), vocals (2014–present)
* Bjarkan – guitar (2020–present)
* Ihizahg – guitar (2021–present)
* Hellcommander Vargblod – bass (2021–present)

## Former members

* Thyme – vocals (1994–1999)
* Jerv – bass (1994–2007; died 2017)
* Rym – guitar (1994–2007)
* Astaroth – vocals (2000–2001)
* Lord Arcamous – vocals (2001–2002)
* Hoest – vocals (2002–2007)
* Brigge – guitar (2008–2010)
* HansFyrste – vocals (2008–2014)
* Decepticon – bass (2008–2016)

### Timeline

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Ragnarok | |
| --- | --- |
| Ragnarok performing live in Sarpsborg in 2010 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Sarpsborg, Norway |
| Genres | Black metal |
| Years active | 1994present |
|  | |
| Members | Jontho
Bjarkan
Ihizahg
Vargblod
Haave |
|  | |
| Past members | Hans
Hoest
Jerv
Rym
Thyme
Astaroth
Lord Arcamous
Brigge
Decepticon |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: Karl Payne

abstract: Karl Payne is an English former professional snooker player.

text:
# Karl Payne

**Karl Payne** is an English former professional snooker player.

## Career

Payne turned professional in 1991. He initially had little success but broke into the top 64 of the world rankings after a good 1995/1996 season, in which he reached the last 32 in two ranking events.

Having begun the following season 51st in the world, Payne's form dipped thereafter, and he fell to 77th in 1997. Poor performances over the next two seasons led to Payne slipping to 109th in 1999, and following the conclusion of the 1998/99 season, he lost his professional status at the age of 29.

In 1999, Payne was a contestant on ITV variety show *Stars in their Eyes*. He did not make it past the heat stage.

## InfoBox

Karl Payne
| Sport country | England |
| --- | --- |
| Professional | 1991–1999 |
| Highest ranking | 51 (1996–97) |
| Best ranking finish | Last 32 (x4) |


title: Ragnvald Knaphövde

abstract: Ragnvald Knaphövde was a King of Sweden whose reign is estimated to have occurred in the mid-1120s or c. 1130. His cognomen Knaphövde is explained as referring to a drinking vessel, the size of a man's head or meaning "round head" and referring to his being foolish. Ragnvald is mentioned in the regnal list of the Westrogothic law as the successor of King Inge the Younger. His parentage is uncertain: King Inge the Elder of Sweden had a son named Ragnvald, and historian Sven Tunberg has suggested him as identical with Ragnvald Knaphövde. However, another tradition presents King Ragnvald as the son of an Olof Näskonung, and the regnal list of the Westrogothic law does not mention that Ragnvald had any connection with the old line of kings.

text:
# Ragnvald Knaphövde

**Ragnvald Knaphövde** was a King of Sweden whose reign is estimated to have occurred in the mid-1120s or c. 1130. His cognomen *Knaphövde* is explained as referring to a drinking vessel, the size of a man's head or meaning "round head" and referring to his being foolish. Ragnvald is mentioned in the regnal list of the *Westrogothic law* as the successor of King Inge the Younger.

His parentage is uncertain: King Inge the Elder of Sweden had a son named Ragnvald, and historian Sven Tunberg has suggested him as identical with Ragnvald Knaphövde. However, another tradition presents King Ragnvald as the son of an Olof Näskonung (*Neskonungr* meant "king of a ness" or "petty king", in Old Norse), and the regnal list of the Westrogothic law does not mention that Ragnvald had any connection with the old line of kings.

## Election and assassination

Ragnvald Knaphövde had been elected king by the Swedes in Uppland and then acknowledged by the East Gothlanders in Östergötland on his Eriksgata, but when he entered Västergötland, he did so without taking Geatish hostages. In Karleby near Falköping, he was murdered by the Geats who instead had elected the Danish prince Magnus Nielsen as the king.

The Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus explained later in the same century that the election of Magnus and the murder of a rightful king of Sweden was part of a Gothic (Geatish) plan to arrogate the right of electing the king from the Swedes:

>

In the following century, in the *Westrogothic law*, the Geats would acknowledge that it was the Swedes who were entitled to elect and depose the king. In the regnal list of this law, they ignored the existence of any Magnus, but instead they defended the murder of Ragnvald as follows:

>

Thus, the Geats explained the murder of Ragnvald as vengeance for his arrogant attitude towards them. After the death of King Magnus, the West Gothland region was ruled by jarls, probably under the nominal supremacy of Danish kings during a few decades until the Swedish king Sverker the Elder and after him the Swedish king Erik Jedvardsson were accepted there.

The 16th-century Swedish King John III would later have a damaged tombstone replaced for Ragnvald, over a grave at Vreta Abbey. This is considered the family grave of King Inge the Elder, named for that king's son mentioned above.

## Notes and references

1. *Ragnvald knaphövde Archived 2007-09-02 at the Wayback Machine* at the site of the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities, retrieved January 20, 2007.
2. *Ragnvald Knaphöfde* in *Nordisk familjebok* (1915).
3. *Ragnvald Knaphövde* in *Nationalencyklopedin* (1994).
4. *Finskt museum, Volym 23–29*. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
5. *Numismatiska forskningsgruppen: verksamhetsberättelse 1992-1993* (PDF). Retrieved 7 September 2015."Brenners bestämningsmetoder för mynten före 1300-talets mitt visar inga spår av vetenskaplighet eller analytisk förmåga. De baseras i stället på lösa antaganden som bl.a. kopplar enstaka bokstäver på mynten till kungarnas namn." English: *Brenner's determination methods for the coins before the mid-14th century show no trace of scientific or analytical ability. They are based instead on loose assumptions which include connecting individual letters on the coins to the names of kings.*
6. Lagerqvist & Åberg in *Kings and Rulers of Sweden* ISBN 91-87064-35-9 p. 13
7. Professor Sven Tunberg in *Ragnvald Knapphövde, ett bidrag till diskussionen om Sveriges medeltida konungalängd* as published in *Svensk tidskrift 1954*, Almqvist & Wiksells, Upsala, pp. 35-40
8. *Gesta Danorum*, 13.5.1, in Latin, at the Royal Danish Library.
9. Translation provided by Wikipedia editors.
10. *Sveær egho konong at taka ok sva vrækæ* ("it is the Swedes who have the right to elect king and to dethrone him").
11. Schlyter, C. J. (1827) *Samling af Sweriges gamla lagar.* vol. I. pp. 300–301.
12. The online article *Sverige Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine* at the site of the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities, retrieved January 20, 2007.


title: Raeanne Presley

abstract: Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by Karen Best.

text:
# Raeanne Presley

**Raeanne Presley** is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by Karen Best.

## Career

Before serving as mayor, Presley was the Chairman of the Missouri Tourism Commission and had served on several community boards including as chairman of the Board of Directors of Skaggs Community Hospital, Board of Trustees of the Springfield-Branson National Airport, and the Branson Lakes Area Chamber of Commerce. She served as a Branson City Council Alderman for 10 years.

Presley was first elected mayor of Branson in 2007, then re-elected in 2009, 2011, and 2013. She has also served in leadership positions with the Missouri Tourism Commission, Cox Health Center Branson, Springfield/Branson National Airport, Council of Churches of the Ozarks, Ozarks Technical Community College Foundation, and Community Partnership of the Ozarks.

Raeanne Presley is the co-owner of Branson Visitor TV and Presley's Country Jubilee Theater, billed as the first live performance theater on the Branson Strip. She is a Certified Tour Professional (NTA designation) and a Certified Travel Industry Specialist (ABA designation).

Presley has been compared in the press with Sarah Palin due to her similar political start as a mayor.

Presley cameoed in a Virgin Atlantic 2015 April Fools prank about the company moving to Branson, Missouri.

## Personal life

Presley has lived in Branson, Missouri since 1968. She graduated from Branson High School as High School Valedictorian in 1975.

She is married to Steve Presley and has three children, all of whom work in the Presley Music Theater as performers.

1. "City of Branson". Archived from the original on 2009-05-03. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
2. "Home | CoxHealth".
3. http://bransonmayor.com/build/about-raeanne
4. Cohen, Roger (16 October 2008). "Opinion | Presley, Palin and the Heartland". *The New York Times*.
5. "- YouTube". *YouTube*.
6. "Mayor Reanne Presley has deep roots in Branson". *branson-ozark-mountain-country.com*. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2009-11-25.

## InfoBox

| Raeanne Presley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mayor of Branson, Missouri | |
| **In office**<br>April, 2007  April 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Lou Schaeffer |
| Succeeded by | Karen Best |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Steve Presley |
| Residence | Branson, Missouri |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Website | www.raeannepresley.com |
|  | |


title: Raebareli Assembly constituency

abstract: Rae Bareli is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Rae Bareli in the Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Rae Bareli (रायबरेली) is one of five assembly constituencies in the Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 180 amongst 403 constituencies. Currently this seat belongs to Aditi Singh who won in last Assembly election of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections, as Congress candidate, defeating Bahujan Samaj Party candidate Shabaj Khan by a margin of more than 90,000 votes. In May 2020, Aditi Singh was suspended from Congress Party for indiscipline amidst rumours that she was getting close to BJP. In November 2021 Aditi Singh officially joined BJP.

text:
# Raebareli Assembly constituency

**Rae Bareli** is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Rae Bareli in the Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

**Rae Bareli** (रायबरेली) is one of five assembly constituencies in the Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 180 amongst 403 constituencies.

Currently this seat belongs to **Aditi Singh** who won in last Assembly election of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections, as Congress candidate, defeating Bahujan Samaj Party candidate **Shabaj Khan** by a margin of more than 90,000 votes. In May 2020, Aditi Singh was suspended from Congress Party for indiscipline amidst rumours that she was getting close to BJP. In November 2021 Aditi Singh officially joined BJP.

## Vidhan Sabha Members

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | Krishna Pal Singh |  | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| | Rati Pal |  | Praja Socialist Party |
| 1967 | Madan Mohan Misra |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1969 | | | |
| 1974 | Sunita Chauhan | | |
| 1977 | Mohan Lal Tripathi | | |
| 1980 | Ramesh Chandra Shukla |  | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1985 | |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | Ashok Singh |  | Janata Dal |
| 1991 | | | |
| 1993 | Akhilesh Kumar Singh |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1996 | | | |
| 2002 | | | |
| 2007 | |  | Independent |
| 2012 | |  | Peace Party of India |
| 2017 | Aditi Singh |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2022 | |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results

### 2022 Elections

* Aditi Singh (BJP) : 101,974 votes
* Ram Pratap Yadav (Samajwadi Party) : 94294 votes

### 2017 Elections

* Aditi Singh (Congress) : 128,319 ( 62.95%) votes
* Mhd Shahbaz Khan (BSP) : 39,156 (19.21%) votes
* Anita Srivastava (BJP) : 28,821 (14.14%) votes

### 2012 Elections

* Akhilesh Kumar Singh (Peace Party) : 75,588 votes.
* Ram Pratap Yadav(RP) (SP)  : 46,094 votes.

### 1967 Elections

* M. M. Misra (INC) : 24,422 votes.
* J. Prasad (BJS) : 6,999 votes.

## InfoBox

| Rae Bareli | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 180 for the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
|  | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | North India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Rae Bareli |
| Reservation | None |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Aditi Singh** | |
| Party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Elected year | 2022 |


title: Rafiganj, Bihar

abstract: Rafiganj is a town and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district's second-largest town in population after Aurangabad, and also the second-largest town in area. Rafiganj is located 25 km away from the District Administration.

text:
# Rafiganj, Bihar

**Rafiganj** is a town and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district's second-largest town in population after Aurangabad, and also the second-largest town in area. Rafiganj is located 25 km away from the District Administration.

## Geography

Rafiganj is located at 24°49′N 84°39′E / 24.82°N 84.65°E / 24.82; 84.65 It has an average elevation of 89 metres (291 feet). Town is located on the bank of Dhava River.

## Demographics

Religions in Rafiganj

Hindus (68.93%)  Muslims (29.26%)  Others (1.80%)

As of 2011 India census, the town Rafiganj had a population of 35,536 with a literacy rate of 66.8 percent. In Rafiganj, 16.7 percent of the population is between 0 and 6 years of age.

## Transportation

### Local Transport

City Bus, Auto-Rickshaw, and cycle rickshaw moves here generally to the local transport and 2x2 luxury bus,

### Roadways

Regular Bus service is from Rafiganj to Kasma, Aurangabad, Daudnagar, Gaya, Jamshedpur, Hazaribagh, Ramgarh, Ranchi, and Kolkata

### Railways

Rafiganj is connected to other towns and cities by railways, facilitated by the Rafiganj Railway Station which serves numerous express and superfast trains. Grand Chord rail-line that connects Howrah and New Delhi passes through Rafiganj. Rafiganj is also connected with the two cities Gaya and Aurangabad and three other towns of the Aurangabad district 'Goh', 'Obra', and 'Daudnagar' through SH-68

## Economy

Rafiganj has a market for the local area.

## Schools and Colleges

* Government Engineering College, Arthua
* Shivam Kidzee School
* Aqsa National Public School
* Govt Urdu Middle School Quazichak (Urdu Middle school)
* Govt Urdu Middle School, Rampur
* B.S.R Public School, Block Road
* British Academy
* The Greenview International School
* R. B. R. High school
* Ambika Public School
* Dr. V. K.Singh College, Rafiganj
* Government High School, Karma
* God's Grace Public School, Noniya Tilha
* Heaven's Blossom, Raja Bagicha
* B.L. Indo Anglian Public School, Aurangabad
* Saraswati Shishu Mandir
* Mount Carmel School Shikshak Colony, Babuganj
* DAV Public School
* Dawn Public School, Uchali
* Tender heart school
* Lakshyadeep International School
* Bosco International Public School
* Bright Life Public School
* Government Middle school
* Government Primary school
* Government Girls High School
* Gyan Bharti Public School

## Entertainment

Local theatres include "Laxmi Talkies" and "Lalita Talkies" where Bollywood, Hollywood and Bhojpuri movies are shown. There is two big grounds in Rafiganj one is RBR Stadium and other is Charwaha Ground for playing cricket and football.

## Tourism

Jain Mandir Which Represent A Piece Of Art, Shanti Kunj House Situated In Post Office Gali, Badi Durga Devi Mandir (Devi sthan) is a Hindu temple nearby main road and Rafiganj Police station. Near the railway station, a temple of Dihbar Baba (Dihbar Sthan) And \[Shiv Mandir\] Near Of R.B.R Kasma Road is a marriage place and tourist destination for the Rafiganj area. Pachar Pahar is a mountain in which the temple of Parashnath is founded which includes a 30 feet painting of Mahavira.

Jama Masjid is a mosque located in the center of the town. It was constructed in 1912. Adjacent to the Jama Masjid there is a Madarsa named Jamea Sharfia which provides education in Urdu Medium. The Madina Masjid mosque is located in Raja Bagicha.

* Mahadeoghat which situated onsouth side of City on the bank of dhawa river .

## InfoBox

| Rafiganj | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Rafiganj railway station nameplate | |
| RafiganjLocation in Bihar, India | |
| Coordinates: 24°49′N 84°39′E / 24.82°N 84.65°E / 24.82; 84.65 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Bihar |
| Division | Magadh |
| District | Aurangabad |
| Established | 1889 |
| Named for | Rafiganj |
| Government | |
| Type | Nagar Panchayat |
| Body | Rafiganj Nagar Panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 18 km2 (7 sq mi) |
| Rank | 2 |
| Elevation | 10,000 m (30,000 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 35,536 |
| Density | 2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 824125 |


title: Rainbow Coast Raiders

abstract: Rainbow Coast Raiders was a State Basketball League (SBL) club based in Albany, Western Australia. The club fielded a team in both the Men's SBL and Women's SBL. The Raiders played their home games at Albany Sports Centre.

text:
# Rainbow Coast Raiders

**Rainbow Coast Raiders** was a State Basketball League (SBL) club based in Albany, Western Australia. The club fielded a team in both the Men's SBL and Women's SBL. The Raiders played their home games at Albany Sports Centre.

## Club history

### Men's team

1989 saw the formation of the State Basketball League (SBL) with both a men's and women's competition. A team from Albany, known as the Raiders, entered the Men's SBL for its inaugural season. They were the first team outside of Perth to enter the SBL and represented the Rainbow Coast and Great Southern region.

The Raiders missed the finals in their first three seasons before making the top eight for the first time in 1992, finishing seventh with a 12–12 record and losing 2–0 in the quarter-finals to the Cockburn Cougars. The 1993 season marked the Raiders' best ever season, as they finished third with a 17–7 record and defeated the Willetton Tigers 2–1 in the quarter-finals. They went on to lose 2–1 to the Wanneroo Wolves in the semi-finals.

The Raiders did not play finals again from 1994 onwards and folded following the 1999 season due to financial constraints.

Between 2012 and 2015, attempts were made by Albany Basketball Association to submit bids and applications for a return of the Raiders to the SBL.

### Women's team

In 1992, a Raiders women's team entered the Women's SBL for the first time. In three seasons, the team had three wins and 57 losses.

## Season-by-season results

## InfoBox

| Rainbow Coast Raiders | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leagues | State Basketball League |
| Founded | 1989 |
| Dissolved | 1999 |
| History | **Men:**
**Rainbow Coast Raiders**
1989–1995
**Albany Raiders**
1996–1997
**Great Southern Raiders**
1998
**Rainbow Coast Raiders**
1999
**Women:**
**Rainbow Coast Raiders**
1992–1994 |
| Arena | Albany Sports Centre |
| Location | Albany, Western Australia |
| Team colors | **1989–1997**
White, green, yellow/gold
**1998–1999**
White, purple, black |
| Championships |  |


title: Karvandarina aphylla

abstract: Karvandarina aphylla is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae, native to Iran and Pakistan. It was first described in 1950. It is an erect, 60-70 cm tall, woody herb. Stem much branched, basally whitish villous, green-glabrous above. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, fragile, glabrous, pale to green, sinuate-serrate, tooth prolonged into 1-3 mm long spinules. Capitula solitary, terminal. Flowers pink.

text:
# Karvandarina aphylla

***Karvandarina aphylla*** is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae, native to Iran and Pakistan. It was first described in 1950.

It is an erect, 60-70 cm tall, woody herb. Stem much branched, basally whitish villous, green-glabrous above. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, fragile, glabrous, pale to green, sinuate-serrate, tooth prolonged into 1-3 mm long spinules. Capitula solitary, terminal. Flowers pink.

## InfoBox

| *Karvandarina aphylla* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Karvandarina* |
| Species: | ***K. aphylla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Karvandarina aphylla***<br>Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand. | |
|


title: Rajamahendravaram bus station

abstract: Rajamahendravaram bus station is a bus station located in Rajahmundry city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is owned by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. This is one of the major bus stations in the state, with services to all the cities and towns in the state and to other states like Chhattisgarh and Telangana. It is one of the few stations equipped with 5G Internet service.

text:
# Rajamahendravaram bus station

**Rajamahendravaram bus station** (formerly **Rajahmundry bus station**) is a bus station located in Rajahmundry city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is owned by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. This is one of the major bus stations in the state, with services to all the cities and towns in the state and to other states like Chhattisgarh and Telangana. It is one of the few stations equipped with 5G Internet service.

## Expansion works

Station expansion works are proceeding while the city runs city buses from 2017 as the second phase of launching city buses in Andhra Pradesh.

## InfoBox

| Rajamahendravaram bus station | |
| --- | --- |
| Rajamahendravaram Bus Station entrance | |
| General information | |
| Location | Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh<br>India |
| Coordinates | 17°00′04″N 81°47′22″E / 17.0012°N 81.7894°E / 17.0012; 81.7894 |
| Owned by | Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation |
| Construction | |
| Parking | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | RJY |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |