title: North Whizz Dome

abstract: North Whizz Dome is a granite dome in the Tuolumne Meadows area of Yosemite National Park. North Whizz Dome is a bit south, of Cathedral Creek, which has its source, near Cathedral Peak. North Whizz Dome Dome is north of both Medlicott Dome and Pywiack Dome, both of which are south of California State Route 120, which runs through Tuolumne Meadows to Tioga Pass. It is near Hammer Dome, also, Daff Dome and Polly Dome are nearby.

text:
# North Whizz Dome

**North Whizz Dome** is a granite dome in the Tuolumne Meadows area of Yosemite National Park. North Whizz Dome is a bit south, of Cathedral Creek, which has its source, near Cathedral Peak. North Whizz Dome Dome is north of both Medlicott Dome and Pywiack Dome, both of which are south of California State Route 120, which runs through Tuolumne Meadows to Tioga Pass. It is near Hammer Dome, also, Daff Dome and Polly Dome are nearby.

## On North Whizz Dome's particulars

North Whizz Dome is close to South Whizz Dome, and the two are often spoken of together. The *Whizz Domes* are actually two domes, next to each other: North and South Whizz domes, which are between Polly Dome and Daff Dome on Tioga Road (120).

North Whizz Dome has a few rock climbing routes.

## InfoBox

| North Whizz Dome | |
| --- | --- |
| North Whizz DomeLocation of **North Whizz Dome** in CaliforniaNorth Whizz DomeNorth Whizz Dome (the United States) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 8,880 ft (2,710 m)NAVD 88 |
| Prominence | 120 ft (37 m) |
| Coordinates | 37°52′N 119°26′W / 37.867°N 119.433°W / 37.867; -119.433 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne County, California, U.S. |
| Parent range | Ritter Range, Sierra Nevada |


title: Hugh Peter

abstract: Hugh Peter was an English preacher, political advisor and soldier who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War and later the trial and execution of Charles I. Following the Restoration, he was executed as a regicide. Peter became highly influential during the English Civil War. He employed a flamboyant preaching style that was considered highly effective in furthering the interests of the Puritan cause. From a radically Protestant family of Cornwall, England, though of part Dutch origin, Peter emigrated to a Puritan colony in America, where he first rose to prominence. After spending time in Holland, he returned to England and became a close associate and propagandist for Oliver Cromwell. Peter may have been the first to propose the trial and execution of Charles I and was believed to have assisted at the beheading. Peter unsuccessfully proposed revolutionary changes that would have disestablished the Church of England's role in landholding and struck at the heart of the legal title to property. Disagreeing with the war against Protestant Holland and increasingly excluded after Cromwell's death, Peter's former outspokenness and role in the execution of Charles I meant he faced reprisal following the Restoration and he was hanged, drawn and quartered as a regicide.

text:
# Hugh Peter

**Hugh Peter** (or **Peters**) (baptized 29 June 1598 – 16 October 1660) was an English preacher, political advisor and soldier who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War and later the trial and execution of Charles I. Following the Restoration, he was executed as a regicide.

Peter became highly influential during the English Civil War. He employed a flamboyant preaching style that was considered highly effective in furthering the interests of the Puritan cause.

From a radically Protestant family of Cornwall, England, though of part Dutch origin, Peter emigrated to a Puritan colony in America, where he first rose to prominence. After spending time in Holland, he returned to England and became a close associate and propagandist for Oliver Cromwell. Peter may have been the first to propose the trial and execution of Charles I and was believed to have assisted at the beheading.

Peter unsuccessfully proposed revolutionary changes that would have disestablished the Church of England's role in landholding and struck at the heart of the legal title to property. Disagreeing with the war against Protestant Holland and increasingly excluded after Cromwell's death, Peter's former outspokenness and role in the execution of Charles I meant he faced reprisal following the Restoration and he was hanged, drawn and quartered as a regicide.

## Early life

Peter was born to a father from Antwerp and was of an affluent background. Peter was baptized on 29 June 1598 in Fowey and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Having experienced conversion, he preached in Essex; returning to London, he took Anglican orders and was appointed lecturer at St Sepulchre's. He entertained, however, Puritan opinions and eventually left England for Holland. He visited Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in Germany in about 1632 and, afterwards, became the minister of the English church at Rotterdam.

Here, his Puritan leanings again attracted attention, and Peter made a further move to New England. He was connected with John Winthrop through his wife, and had already formed several friendships with the American colonists. He arrived at Boston in October 1635 and was given charge of the church at Salem. He played a significant role during the 1637 trial of Anne Hutchinson during the Antinomian Controversy, being one of the ministers wanting her banished from the colony. He took a leading part in the affairs of the colony, and interested himself in the founding of the new colony in Connecticut. He was also active in the establishment of Harvard College.

## Civil War period

In 1641, Peter returned to England as agent of the colony, but soon became involved in the political troubles which now began. He became chaplain to the forces of the adventurers in Ireland, and served in 1642 in Lord Forbes's expedition, of which he wrote an account. On his return he took a violent part in the campaign against William Laud, and defended the doctrines of the Independents in a preface to a tract by Richard Mather entitled "Church Government and Church Covenant discussed ..." (1643).

In September 1643 the Parliamentary Committee of Safety employed Peter on a mission to Holland, there to borrow money on behalf of Parliament, and to explain the justice of its cause to the Dutch.

He was more valuable to the Parliamentary cause as a preacher than as a diplomat, and his sermons were very effective in winning recruits to the parliamentary army. He also became famous as an exhorter at the executions of state criminals, attended Richard Challoner on the scaffold, and improved the opportunity when Sir John Hotham was beheaded. However, it was as an army chaplain that Peter exerted the widest influence. In May 1644 he accompanied the Earl of Warwick in his naval expedition for the relief of Lyme, preached a thanksgiving sermon in the church there after its accomplishment, and was commissioned by Warwick to represent the state of the west and the needs of the forces there to the attention of Parliament. This was the prelude to greater services of the same nature rendered to Sir Thomas Fairfax and the New Model Army. As chaplain, Peter took a prominent part in the campaigns of that army during 1645 and 1646. Whenever a town was to be assaulted, it was his business to preach a preparatory sermon to the storming parties, and at Bridgwater, Bristol, and Dartmouth his eloquence was credited with inspiring the soldiers. After a victory he was equally effective in persuading the populace of the justice of the parliamentary arms, and in converting neutrals into supporters. During the siege of Bristol he made converts of five thousand clubmen, and when Fairfax's army entered Cornwall, his despatches specially mentioned the usefulness of Peter in persuading his countrymen to submission.

In addition to his duties as a chaplain, Peter exercised the functions of a confidential agent of the general and of a war correspondent. Fairfax habitually employed him to represent to Parliament the condition of his army, the motives which determined his movements, and the details of his successes. His relations of battles and sieges were eagerly read, and formed a semi-official supplement to the general's own reports. Oliver Cromwell followed the example of Fairfax, and on his behalf Peter delivered to the House of Commons narratives of the capture of Winchester and the sack of Basing House. It was a fitting tribute to his position and his services that he was selected to preach, on 2 April 1646, the thanksgiving sermon for the recovery of the west before the two houses of parliament.

At the conclusion of the First English Civil War, Peter, though greatly disliked by the Presbyterians and the Scots, had attained great influence as leader of the Independents. In his pamphlet "Last Report of the English Wars" (1646), he urged religious toleration, an alliance with foreign Protestants, and an active propagation of the gospel. In the dispute between the New Model Army and the Long Parliament he naturally took the side of the former, and after the seizure of the King by the Army in June 1647 had interviews with Charles I at Newmarket and Windsor, in which he favourably impressed the latter, and gave advice upon the best course to pursue. He performed useful services in the Second Civil War, procured guns for the besiegers at the siege of Pembroke, raised troops in the Midlands, and arranged the surrender of the Duke of Hamilton at Uttoxeter. When the Army entered London in 1648 he was one of the few preachers who supported the move and spoke out in support of Pride's Purge. In August 1649 he accompanied Cromwell on his Irish Campaign, and was present at the fall of Wexford, while later he assisted the campaign by superintending from England the despatch to Cromwell of supplies and reinforcements, and was himself destined by Cromwell for a regiment of foot. In 1650 he was appointed chaplain to the Council of State. Through his office he exerted influence on various committees concerned with religious, legal and social reforms. The same year, during the Third Civil War he was in South Wales, endeavouring to bring over the people to the cause, and subsequently was present at the Battle of Worcester in 1651, where afterwards he preached to the victorious Parliamentary soldiers.

### Role in trial and execution of Charles I

Peter rode at the head of the force bringing Charles I to London as prisoner, and justified and supported the trial and sentence in sermons. Peter's counsel was important in the inner circle of Cromwell and influenced the highest levels of policy making. According to a witness, Peter had asserted that he was the one who first suggested to Cromwell that the king should be tried and executed. He is believed to have been the headman's assistant.

## Under the Commonwealth

At the conclusion of the war, Peter was appointed one of the preachers at Whitehall and became a person of influence. Parliament had already voted him an annuity of £200; Archbishop Laud's library (or a portion of it) had been handed over to him in 1644. He was one of the committee of twenty-one appointed to suggest legal reforms, and he published his ideas on this subject, which included a register of wills and land titles and the destruction afterwards of the ancient records, in his tract, "Good Work for a Good Magistrate" (in 1651), answered by R Vaughan and Prynne. He strongly disapproved of the First Anglo-Dutch War, and his influence suffered. In July 1658 he was sent to Dunkirk as garrison chaplain. He preached the funeral sermon on Oliver Cromwell, and opposed the removal of Richard Cromwell.

In 1647 Peter had called for the readmission of the Jews to England, believing this would benefit the economy and hasten the Second Coming. On account of his views on the admission of the Jews, Cromwell invited him to the Whitehall Conference of 1655 to support his case. At the conference Peter changed sides, expressing the opinion that not only could the Jews could not be converted, but they might do harm through missionary work.

## Restoration and Stuart reprisal

The country became unstable and factional after Cromwell's son fell from power, and General Monck came from Scotland leading the only effective and unified force left. Peter attempted to secure his position with the new power in the land and met Monck at St Albans on the latter's march to London, but met with no favour, being expelled from his lodgings at Whitehall in January 1660. Monck's restoration of the house of Stuart placed Peter in serious danger. On 11 May his arrest was ordered. On 17 May the Library of the Archbishop of Canterbury was taken from him. He was excepted from the Act of Indemnity and apprehended on September 2 in Southwark.

Peter's preaching and addresses to Parliament on Cromwell's behalf had made him too well known as a Puritan opponent of the royal house of Stuart for any disavowals to save him; thus, a recantation of his opinions and a display of repentance would probably have been his best hope. It would also prevent his property being forfeited and leave something for his heirs. However, he appeared to have panicked, sending a defence of himself to the House of Lords in which he denied any share in the death of Charles I. In addition to justifying Charles being condemned to death, Peter was alleged to be one of the two heavily disguised executioners, even the one who welded the axe, though this was a task requiring some skill. The headsman's assistant had held up the severed head to spectators, and contemptuously thrown it aside afterward, but he omitted the usual pronouncement 'This is the head of a traitor'; as a leading preacher Peter's voice would have been easily recognized. A witness testified that Peter had ordered a carpenter to drive staples into the scaffold (for tying Charles to the block if he resisted), been present at the scene on the day of the execution, disappeared for an hour during it, and was seen drinking water with the presumed headsman, Richard Brandon, afterwards. Peter produced an alibi, claiming that he had been ill and confined to bed at home on that day, which was confirmed by a house servant of his, but the court found that testimony unconvincing. He was tried on 13 October and found guilty of high treason. Peter wrote "A Dying Father's Last Legacy" to his only child, Elizabeth, in which he gave a narrative of his career.

### Execution

He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered and the execution took place at Charing Cross on 16 October. Peter was forced to watch John Cook suffering emasculation and disembowelment before enduring the same fate himself. Some contemporaries reported him as having been in a poor mental state before his execution, while others, on the contrary, described his demeanour as dignified and composed.

## Bibliography

Hugh Peter was the author of the following pamphlets:

1. "The Advice of that Worthy Commander Sir Edward Harwood upon occasion of the French King's Preparations … Also a relation of his life and death" (the relation is by Peter), 4to, 1642; reprinted in the *Harleian Miscellany*, ed. Park, iv. 268.
2. "A True Relation of the passages of God's Providence in a voyage for Ireland … wherein every day's work is set down faithfully by H. P., an eye-witness thereof", 4to, 1642.
3. "Preface to Richard Mather's Church Government and Church Covenant discussed", 4to, 1643.
4. "Mr. Peter's Report from the Armies, 26 July 1645, with a list of the chiefest officers taken at Bridgewater", &c., 4to, 1645.
5. "Mr. Peter's report from Bristol", 4to, 1645.
6. "The Full and Last Relation of all things concerning Basing House, with divers other Passages represented to Mr. Speaker and divers Members in the House. By Mr. Peters who came from Lieut.-Gen. Cromwell", 4to, 1645.
7. "Master Peter's Message from Sir Thomas Fairfax with the narration of the taking of Dartmouth", 4to, 1646.
8. "Master Peter's Message from Sir Thomas Fairfax … with the whole state of the west and all the particulars about the disbanding of the Prince and Sir Ralph Hopton's Army", 4to, 1646.
9. "God's Doings and Man's Duty", opened in a sermon preached 2 April 1646, 4to.
10. "Mr. Peter's Last Report of the English Wars, occasioned by the importunity of a Friend pressing an Answer to seven Queries", 1646, 4to.
11. "Several Propositions presented to the House of Commons by Mr. Peters concerning the Presbyterian Ministers of this Kingdom, with the discovery of two great Plots against the Parliament of England", 1646, 4to.
12. "A Word for the Army and Two Words for the Kingdom", 1647, 4to; reprinted in the *Harleian Miscellany*, ed. Park, v. 607.
13. "Good Work for a good Magistrate, or a short cut to great quiet, by honest, homely, plain English hints given from Scripture, reason, and experience for the regulating of most cases in this Commonwealth", by H. P., 12mo, 1651.
14. A preface to *The Little Horn's Doom and Downfall*, by Mary Cary, 12mo, 1651.
15. "Æternitati sacrum Terrenum quod habuit sub hoc pulvere deposuit Henricus Ireton", Latin verses on Henry Ireton's death, fol. \[1650\].
16. Dedication to "Operum Gulielmi Amesii volumen primum", Amsterdam, 12mo, 1658.
17. "A Dying Father's Last Legacy to an only Child, or Mr. Hugh Peter's advice to his daughter, written by his own hand during his late imprisonment", 12mo, 1660.
18. "The Case of Mr. Hugh Peters impartially communicated to the view and censure of the whole world, written by his own hand", 4to, 1660.
19. "A Sermon by Hugh Peters preached before his death, as it was taken by a faithful hand, and now published for public information", London, printed by John Best, 4to, 1660.

A number of speeches, confessions, sermons, &c., attributed to Peter, are merely political squibs and satirical attacks. A list of these is given in *Bibliotheca Cornubiensis*. There are also attributed to Peter:

1. "The Nonesuch Charles his character", 8vo, 1651. This was probably written by Sir Balthazar Gerbier \[q. v.\], who after the Restoration asserted that Peters was its author.
2. "The Way to the Peace and Settlement of these Nations. … By Peter Cornelius van Zurick-Zee", 4to, 1659; reprinted in Somers *Tracts*, ed. Scott, vi. 487.
3. "A Way propounded to make the poor in these and other nations happy. By Peter Cornelius van Zurick-Zee", 4to, 1659. A note in the copy of the latter in Thomason's Collection in the British Museum, says: "I believe this pamphlet was made by Mr. Hugh Peters, who hath a man named Cornelius Glover".

## Character assessment

In the opinion of the anonymous author of Peter's biography article in the *Encyclopædia Britannica* 11th ed (1911) his death was viewed with greater rejoicings than perhaps attended that of any of the regicides, as he had incurred great unpopularity by his unrestrained speech and extreme activity in the cause. He is said to have been a man of a rough, coarse nature, without tact or refinement, of strong animal spirits, undeterred by difficulties which beset men of higher mental capacity, whose energies often outran his discretion, intent upon the realities of life and the practical side of religion. In the opinion of that writer, Peter's conception of religious controversy, that all differences could be avoided if ministers could only pray together and live together, is highly characteristic, and shows the largeness of his personal sympathies and at the same time the limits of his intellectual imagination.

In his *Dictionary of National Biography* article (1896) on Peter, the historian C. H. Firth was of the opinion that his popular hatred was hardly deserved. Peter had earned it by what he said rather than by what he did. His public-spirited exertions for the general good and his kindnesses to individual royalists were forgotten, and only his denunciations of the king and his attacks on the clergy were remembered. Burnet characterises him as "an enthusiastical buffoon preacher, though a very vicious man, who had been of great use to Cromwell, and had been very outrageous in pressing the king's death with the cruelty and rudeness of an inquisitor", His jocularity had given as much offence as his violence, and pamphlets were compiled which related his sayings and attributed to him a number of time-honoured witticisms and practical jokes. His reputation was further assailed in songs and satires charging him with embezzlement, drunkenness, adultery, and other crimes; but these accusations were among the ordinary controversial weapons of the period, and deserve no credit. They rest on no evidence, and were solemnly denied by Peter. In one case the publisher of these libels was obliged to insert a public apology in the newspapers. An examination of the career and the writings of Peter shows him to have been an honest, upright, and genial man, whose defects of taste and judgement explain much of the odium which he incurred, but in the opinion of Firth do not justify it.

Peter is described as having been tall and thin, according to the tradition recorded by one of his successors at Salem, but his portraits represent a full-faced, and apparently rather corpulent man. A picture of him, described by Cole, as showing "rather a well-looking open-countenanced man", was formerly in the President's lodge at Queens' College, Cambridge. One which belonged to the Rev. Dr. Treffry was exhibited in the National Portrait Collection of 1868; the best engraved portrait is that prefixed to "A Dying Father's Last Legacy", 12mo, 1660. A list of others is given in the catalogue of the portraits in the Sutherland Collection in the Bodleian Library, and many satirical prints and caricatures are described in the British Museum Catalogue of Prints and Drawings.

Catholic historian Hugh Ross Williamson maintained in the 1950s that Peter had actually and surreptitiously assisted at Charles I's execution. This allegation has not been broadly accepted.

## Family

Peter was the son of Thomas Dyckwoode, alias Peter, descended from a family which had left the Netherlands to escape religious persecution, and of Martha, daughter of John Treffry and Emlyn Tresithny of Place, Fowey, Cornwall.

In about 1625, while Peter was preaching in Essex, he married Elizabeth, widow of Edmund Read of Wickford, and daughter of Thomas Cooke of Pebmarsh in the same county.

Peter married secondly Deliverance Sheffield; she was still alive in 1677 in New England, and was supported by charity. By his second marriage Peter had one daughter, Elizabeth, to whom his "Last Legacy" is addressed. She is said to have married and left descendants in America, but the accuracy of the pedigree is disputed.

## Hugh Peter on screen

In the 1970 film *Cromwell* he was played by Patrick Magee.

He was the subject of a 1981 television play *A Last Visitor for Mr. Hugh Peter*. It showed him the night before his execution, where he is visited by various figures from his past and the future. He was played by Peter Vaughan, Charles Kay played Charles I, Michael Pennington played John Lilburne, and Julia Chambers played his daughter Elizabeth.

---

1. Chisholm 1911, p. 229.
2. "Peters, Hugh (PTRS613H)". *A Cambridge Alumni Database*. University of Cambridge.
3. Firth 1896, p. 70.
4. Battis 1962, pp. 189–208.
5. Spencer, Charles, *Killers of the King*, Chapter 7: Men of God
6. Firth 1896, p. 71 cite *Cal. Clarendon Papers*, i. 244.
7. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites Edwards, *Gangræna*, iii. 77.
8. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites Rushworth, v. 328, 804.
9. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites *Cal. State Papers*, Dom. 1644, pp. 266, 271.
10. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites Sprigge, *Anglia Rediviva*, pp. 77, 102, 180; Vicars, *Burning Bush*, 1646, p. 198.
11. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites Sprigge, p. 229; *Cal. State Papers*, Dom. 1645–1647, p. 128; Master Peter's *Message from Sir Thomas Fairfax*, 4to, 1645.
12. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites Sprigge, *Anglia Rediviva*, pp. 141–4, 150–3.
13. Firth 1896, p. 71 cites "God's Doings and Man's Duty", 4to, 1646.
14. Chisholm 1911, pp. 229–300.
15. Spencer, Charles, *Killers of the King* p159-170
16. Chisholm 1911, p. 300.
17. Scult, Mel (1978). *Millennial Expectations and Jewish Liberties: A Study of the Efforts to Convert the Jews in Britain, Up to the Mid Nineteenth Century*. Brill Archive. pps.25.
18. Firth 1896, p. 75
19. Chisholm 1911, p. 300
20. Firth 1896, pp. 76–77.
21. Firth 1896, p. 77.
22. Firth 1896, p. 77 cites *Cal. State Papers*, Dom. 1661–2, p. 79.
23. Firth 1896, p. 76 Burnet, *Own Time*, ed. 1833, i. 290.
24. Firth 1896, p. 76 cites *The Tales and Jests of Mr. Hugh Peters*, published by one that formerly hath been conversant with the author in his lifetime, 4to, 1660; *Hugh Peters his Figaries*, 4to, 1660.
25. Firth 1896, p. 76 cites *Don Juan Lamberto*, 4to, 1661, pt. ii. chap. viii.; Yonge, *England's Shame*, 8vo, 1663, pp. 14, 19, 27, 53.
26. Firth 1896, p. 76 cites *Several Proceedings in Parliament*, 2–9 Sept. 1652.
27. Firth 1896, p. 76.
28. Firth 1896, p. 76 cites *Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.* 1st ser. vi. 252.
29. Firth 1896, p. 76 cites *Diary of Thomas Burton*, i. 244.
30. Firth 1896, p. 76 notes it was exhibit number 724.
31. Firth 1896, p. 76 Satires, vol. i. 1870.
32. Hugh Ross Williamson, *Historical Whodunnits* (London: Macmillan, 1956)
33. Firth 1896, p. 69 cites *A Dying Father's Legacy*, 1660, p. 99; Bibl. Cornub. iii. 1310
34. Firth 1896, p. 77 cites *Hutchinson Papers*, Prince Soc. ii. 252.
35. Firth 1896, p. 77 cites Caulfield, *Reprint of the Tales and Jests of Hugh Peters*, 1807, p. xiv; *Hist. of the Rev. Hugh Peters*, by Samuel Peters, New York, 1807, 8vo.
36. Taylor 1981.
37. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0476281 IMDB entry
Attribution

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Hugh Peter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 29 June 1598<br>Fowey, Cornwall, England |
| Died | 16 October 1660(1660-10-16) (aged 62)<br>Charing Cross London, England |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging, drawing and quartering |
| Education | Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Occupation | Independent Preacher |
| Known for | Chaplain in New Model Army, Parliamentarian, regicide, New England colonist |


title: Morristown District

abstract: The Morristown District, also known as the Morristown Historic District, is a historic district in the town of Morristown in Morris County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 30, 1973, for its significance in architecture, communications, education, military, politics, religion, social history, and transportation. The initial district listing had 50 contributing buildings, including the Thomas Nast Home and the Dr. Lewis Condict House, which were previously listed individually on the NRHP, and the Morristown Green. The district boundary was increased from 93 acres (38 ha) to 213 acres (86 ha) as part of the Morristown Multiple Resource Area (MRA) in 1986 and now has 352 contributing buildings, including the Morristown station and the Morris County Courthouse, which were previously listed individually.

text:
# Morristown District

The **Morristown District**, also known as the **Morristown Historic District**, is a historic district in the town of Morristown in Morris County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 30, 1973, for its significance in architecture, communications, education, military, politics, religion, social history, and transportation.

The initial district listing had 50 contributing buildings, including the Thomas Nast Home and the Dr. Lewis Condict House, which were previously listed individually on the NRHP, and the Morristown Green. The district boundary was increased from 93 acres (38 ha) to 213 acres (86 ha) as part of the Morristown Multiple Resource Area (MRA) in 1986 and now has 352 contributing buildings, including the Morristown station and the Morris County Courthouse, which were previously listed individually.

## History and description

Macculloch Hall was built in 1810 by George and Louisa Macculloch and features Federal architecture. The brick building is the home of the Macculloch Hall Historical Museum. The Vail Mansion was built in 1918 by Theodore N. Vail, then president of AT&T. Built of granite and marble, it features Florentine architecture. Vail never occupied the building and he donated it to the town. The Morristown & Morris Township Library was built in 1917, with funding from Grinnell Willis, local textile merchant. St. Peter's Episcopal Church was built by the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White. Designed by architect J. Cleaveland Cady, the South Street Presbyterian Church was built in 1878. The First Presbyterian Church was built 1893–1894 featuring Romanesque Revival style. The Kedge was built in 1870 as a summer cottage and features Stick style.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Morristown District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Macculloch Hall | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by the cemetery, King Pl., Madison and Colles Aves., DeHart St., and N. Park Pl.
Morristown, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°47′38″N 74°28′51″W / 40.79389°N 74.48083°W / 40.79389; -74.48083 (Morristown District) |
| Area | 213 acres (86 ha) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Late Victorian, Classical Revival, Art Deco |
| MPS | Morristown Multiple Resource Area |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001126 (original)
86003109 (increase) |
| NJRHP No. | 2192; 2193 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 30, 1973 |
| Boundary increase | November 13, 1986 |
| Designated NJRHP | September 6, 1973
September 11, 1986 |


title: Gortina

abstract: Gortina is a village on the left bank of the Drava River in the Municipality of Muta in the historical Styria region in northern Slovenia. There is a small church in the settlement with a wooden belfry. It is dedicated to Saint Stephen and was built in the early 18th century. It belongs to the Parish of Muta.

text:
# Gortina

**Gortina** (pronounced \[ɡɔɾˈtiːna\]) is a village on the left bank of the Drava River in the Municipality of Muta in the historical Styria region in northern Slovenia.

There is a small church in the settlement with a wooden belfry. It is dedicated to Saint Stephen and was built in the early 18th century. It belongs to the Parish of Muta.

## InfoBox

| Gortina | |
| --- | --- |
| 1935 postcard of Gortina | |
| GortinaLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°36′18.94″N 15°7′28.85″E / 46.6052611°N 15.1246806°E / 46.6052611; 15.1246806 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Carinthia |
| Municipality | Muta |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.88 km2 (2.66 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 367.4 m (1,205.4 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 563 |
|  | |


title: Ruth Garver Gagliardo

abstract: Ruth Garver Gagliardo was an American educator known for her work in developing library services for children. Gagliardo was referred to as the "Kansas Book Lady" for her efforts in promoting books and advocating for resources for teachers and parents. She held several prominent leadership roles in national organizations, including serving as the vice president of the National Parent Teacher Association and as president of the Association for Library Service to Children. Gagliardo's creation of a traveling book exhibit is credited with the start of book fairs in the United States.

text:
# Ruth Garver Gagliardo

**Ruth Garver Gagliardo** (September 6, 1895 – January 4, 1980) was an American educator known for her work in developing library services for children. Gagliardo was referred to as the "Kansas Book Lady" for her efforts in promoting books and advocating for resources for teachers and parents. She held several prominent leadership roles in national organizations, including serving as the vice president of the National Parent Teacher Association and as president of the Association for Library Service to Children. Gagliardo's creation of a traveling book exhibit is credited with the start of book fairs in the United States.

## Early life and education

Ruth Jane Garver was born in Hastings, Nebraska, on September 6, 1895. Her father, a traveling minister, died before her birth; her mother remarried when Ruth was seven and the family moved to Topeka, Kansas in 1910. Her mother inspired a love of literature in her and her brother and Ruth collected children's books as a young girl. In 1914, she graduated from Topeka High School, after serving as the school yearbook's editor-in-chief.

After being trained to teach at a normal school, she taught at several rural schools. She developed the library of Culver High School, leading to its accreditation; since Garver didn't have a teaching certificate, she could no longer continue working at the school. She began her undergraduate degree at the University of Kansas in 1918, graduating with a bachelor's degree in English in 1922.

## Career

After graduating from the University of Kansas, Gagliardo went to work as a reporter for the *Emporia Gazette*. In this role she also acted as a part-time personal secretary for editor William Allen White; White talked with many writers and politicians, ensuring that Gagliardo met them all. She covered art, music, and book events and devoted many columns to children's books, which made the *Gazette* one of the first newspapers to regularly review children's books. Gagliardo moved to Lawrence in 1925, becoming a freelance writer and raising her three children with her husband, Domenico Gagliardo. She maintained her close relationship with William Allen White, and when White died in 1944, she began efforts to start an award to honor him. The William Allen White Children's Book Award is awarded by a vote of Kansas schoolchildren; it was the first statewide children's choice book award established in the United States.

In 1942 Gagliardo volunteered to write a book review column for the *Kansas Teacher*, an educational journal published by the Kansas State Teachers Association. The column ran for twenty-five years. She traveled throughout the state, bringing an exhibit of selected books to schools and libraries. Gagliardo's creation, the Kansas Children's Traveling Book Exhibit, is credited with beginning book fairs in the U.S. Her enthusiastic talks while touring with the 700 books often led to school officials committing to provide more funding for books. Gagliardo became a paid employee of the Kansas State Teachers Association in 1947, becoming the director of library services.

Gagliardo became known as the "Kansas Book Lady" because of her tireless promotion of books through multiple venues, including speeches, newspaper and journal columns, and book reviews. From 1947 to 1955 she ran a monthly radio program focusing on books for the University of Kansas. She worked with many organizations to start book and reading programs, including UNESCO and the U.S. Department of State. Gagliardo was active in multiple professional organizations; some of her most significant roles were serving as the vice president for the National Parent Teacher Association as well as director of the *National Parent-Teacher Magazine*. She was very active in the American Library Association, chairing the Newbery and Caldecott Committee in 1962 and the following year serving as the president of the ALA's Children's Services Division (now called the Association for Library Service to Children).

In 1960 she testified before the U.S. Congress as a witness arguing for the extension of the Library Services Act, saying the funding provided to libraries was "a means of equalizing opportunity for all children". She also served as the state representative for Kansas at the White House Conference on Children and Youth in 1950 and 1960. Her 1962 anthology *Let's read aloud* focused on the importance of families reading together. Gagliardo retired in 1966.

## Death and legacy

In 1967, Gagliardo received a Distinguished Service Citation from the University of Kansas. She was inducted into the National Education Association Hall of Fame for American Women in 1976.

Gagliardo died in Wichita, Kansas on January 5, 1980. After her death, author Mary Francis Shura discussed Gagliardo's legacy:

> In a world where so many take inordinate pride in small achievements, her humorous, low-key humility was a classic lesson. Yet she is immortal in her field as she so richly deserves to be. By founding the William Allen White Award she has given the field both a memorial to a man who should not be forgotten and the example of a brilliant woman whose life could make a difference long past the brief span of a human life.

Since 1964 the Ruth Garver Gagliardo School Library Scholarship has been awarded annually to a masters student by the Kansas Association of School Librarians.

## InfoBox

| Ruth Garver Gagliardo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Born | September 6, 1895
Hastings |
| Died | January 4, 1980  (aged 84)
Wichita |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Librarian, editor |


title: Gorenje Kamenje pri Dobrniču

abstract: Gorenje Kamenje pri Dobrniču is a small settlement in the hills northwest of Dobrnič in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

text:
# Gorenje Kamenje pri Dobrniču

**Gorenje Kamenje pri Dobrniču** (pronounced \[ɡɔˈɾeːnjɛ ˈkaːmɛnjɛ pɾi ˈdoːbəɾnitʃu\]) is a small settlement in the hills northwest of Dobrnič in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from *Gorenje Kamenje* to *Gorenje Kamenje pri Dobrniču* in 1953.

## InfoBox

| Gorenje Kamenje pri Dobrniču | |
| --- | --- |
| Gorenje Kamenje pri DobrničuLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 45°53′24.42″N 14°56′20.09″E / 45.8901167°N 14.9389139°E / 45.8901167; 14.9389139 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Lower Carniola |
| Statistical region | Southeast Slovenia |
| Municipality | Trebnje |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.32 km2 (0.51 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 328.7 m (1,078.4 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 46 |
|  | |


title: Rutherford (lunar crater)

abstract: Rutherford is a small lunar impact crater that lies on the Moon's far side. It was named after New Zealand-British physicist and Nobel laureate Ernest Rutherford. It is located just to the north-northwest of the huge walled plain Mendeleev. To the east of Rutherford is the equally diminutive crater Glauber, and to the west-northwest lies Hoffmeister. This crater has a roughly pear-shaped outline, with an elongated section at the north-northwestern end. The rim edge is well-defined and the inner walls are simple slopes that run down to the small interior floor.

text:
# Rutherford (lunar crater)

**Rutherford** is a small lunar impact crater that lies on the Moon's far side. It was named after New Zealand-British physicist and Nobel laureate Ernest Rutherford. It is located just to the north-northwest of the huge walled plain Mendeleev. To the east of Rutherford is the equally diminutive crater Glauber, and to the west-northwest lies Hoffmeister.

This crater has a roughly pear-shaped outline, with an elongated section at the north-northwestern end. The rim edge is well-defined and the inner walls are simple slopes that run down to the small interior floor.

## InfoBox

Rutherford
| Oblique Apollo 16 image | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 10°42′N 137°00′E / 10.7°N 137.0°E / 10.7; 137.0 |
| Diameter | 13 km |
| Colongitude | 223° at sunrise |
| Eponym | Ernest Rutherford |


title: VBF-1

text:
# VBF-1

The Bombing Fighting Squadron One, designated as Bombing Fighter Squadron VBF-1 and known as "The Royal Flushers", was formed at the Naval Air Station in Fallon, Nevada in December 1944 and commissioned on 2 January 1945, to become the fourth squadron in the Veteran Air Group One. Following Japan's surrender and the end of World War II in the Pacific, VBF-1 was disbanded on 1 November 1945.

## History

Flying F4U Corsairs, the VBF-1 squadron was assigned to the USS *Bennington* (CV-20) in the Pacific on 17 June 1945, where it was based for the remainder of World War II. The squadron's pilots participated in strikes against the Imperial Japanese homeland and against her fleet at sea from 10 July 1945 until Japan's surrender on 15 August 1945, including attacks against the Nagato on 18 July 1945, and the battle of Kure from 24 July 1945 through 28 July 1945.


title: VBC Zandhoven

abstract:
Volleybalclub Zandhoven is a Belgian women's volleyball club based in Zandhoven. The women's A squad played in Honour Division between 2007 and 2011. Their first season was surprisingly quite successful, with a place in the sub top as a result. However, due to the financially stronger top clubs, and under the influence of the Flemish volleyball school in Vilvoorde, Zandhoven saw quite some players leave to Asterix Kieldrecht and VDK Gent. The loss of quality also showed last season, when a final 8th place was reached. VBC Zandhoven were obliged to relegate from Honour Division at the end of the 2010-11 season after the national volleyball association saw Zandhoven's sport hall unfit for further top volleyball, as no improvements were planned in the near future. Zandhoven decided to continue with their B team in Second Division, the fourth level. After becoming champion in Second Division, Zandhoven started in First Division last year and reached a final 5th place.
The team's home games are played in the town's new sport hall 'Het Veld', which opened in mid-2013.

text:
# VBC Zandhoven

**Volleybalclub Zandhoven** is a Belgian women's volleyball club based in Zandhoven.

The women's A squad played in Honour Division between 2007 and 2011. Their first season was surprisingly quite successful, with a place in the sub top as a result. However, due to the financially stronger top clubs, and under the influence of the Flemish volleyball school in Vilvoorde, Zandhoven saw quite some players leave to Asterix Kieldrecht and VDK Gent. The loss of quality also showed last season, when a final 8th place was reached.

VBC Zandhoven were obliged to relegate from Honour Division at the end of the 2010-11 season after the national volleyball association saw Zandhoven's sport hall unfit for further top volleyball, as no improvements were planned in the near future. Zandhoven decided to continue with their B team in Second Division, the fourth level.

After becoming champion in Second Division (season 2013-2014), Zandhoven started in First Division last year and reached a final 5th place. The team's home games are played in the town's new sport hall 'Het Veld', which opened in mid-2013.

## 2014-15 1st Division squad

Coach:  Tom De Winne

| # | Nat. | Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Naomi Verstappen |
| 2 |  | Robyn Theuns |
| 3 |  | Lieselot Verhaert |
| 4 |  | Lies Hufkens |
| 5 |  | Lien De Busser |
| 6 |  | Antje Verellen |
| 7 |  | Margot Declercq |
| 8 |  | Greet Coppé |
| 9 |  | Marie Stoelen |
| 10 |  | Jana Janssens |
| 11 |  | Janne Verhaegen |
| 12 |  | Evelyn Hellinck |
| 13 |  | Jolien Jacobien |
| 14 |  | Leen Van Grinsven |

## InfoBox

Volleybalclub Zandhoven
| Short name | VBC Zandhoven |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1982 |
| Ground | Sporthal Het Veld
Zandhoven
Belgium |
| Chairman | Luc Van Rentergem |
| Website | Club home page |


title: Rutherford, Pennsylvania

abstract: Rutherford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The area is also known as Rutherford Heights. The population was 4,303 at the 2010 census, an increase over the figure of 3,859 tabulated in 2000. It is part of the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# Rutherford, Pennsylvania

**Rutherford** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The area is also known as **Rutherford Heights**. The population was 4,303 at the 2010 census, an increase over the figure of 3,859 tabulated in 2000. It is part of the HarrisburgCarlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Rutherford is located in northeastern Swatara Township at 40°16′5″N 76°46′20″W / 40.26806°N 76.77222°W / 40.26806; -76.77222 (40.268039, -76.772220). It is bordered to the north by Lower Paxton Township and to the west by Lawnton. Downtown Harrisburg is 8 miles (13 km) to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.3 km2), all land.

Rutherford holds its own school, which is part of the Central Dauphin School District.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,859 people, 1,625 households, and 1,116 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,143.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,213.8/km2). There were 1,675 housing units at an average density of 1,364.5 per square mile (526.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.64% White, 7.80% African American, 0.10% Native American, 1.74% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.96% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.59% of the population.

There were 1,625 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,340, and the median income for a family was $51,494. Males had a median income of $36,035 versus $28,575 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,706. About 6.2% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Rutherford Heights, Pennsylvania
2. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Rutherford CDP, Pennsylvania". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
3. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Rutherford, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Location in Dauphin County and state of Pennsylvania | |
| Coordinates: 40°16′5″N 76°46′20″W / 40.26806°N 76.77222°W / 40.26806; -76.77222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Dauphin |
| Township | Swatara |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.3 sq mi (3.3 km2) |
| Land | 1.3 sq mi (3.3 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 510 ft (160 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 4,303 |
| Density | 3,374/sq mi (1,302.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 42-66864 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1867507 |


title: García de Andoin

abstract: José María García de Andoin Pérez was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder, and later was a coach.

text:
# García de Andoin

**José María García de Andoin Pérez** (22 May 1933-4 February 2017) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder, and later was a coach.

## InfoBox

García de Andoin
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | José María García de Andoin Pérez | | |
| Date of birth | (1933-05-22)22 May 1933 | | |
| Place of birth | Bilbao, Spain | | |
| Date of death | 4 February 2017(2017-02-04) (aged 83) | | |
| Place of death | Miranda de Ebro, Spain | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1955–1956 | Villosa |  |  |
| 1957–1958 | Alavés | 16 | (5) |
| 1958–1959 | Rayo Vallecano | 11 | (2) |
| 1959–1960 | Arenas Club de Getxo |  |  |
| 1960–1961 | CD Izarra |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1963–1964 | Indautxu | | |
| 1966 | Indautxu | | |
| 1966 | Osasuna | | |
| 1969 | Bilbao Athletic | | |
| 1969–1970 | Athletic Bilbao (assistant) | | |
| 1970–1971 | Oviedo | | |
| 1971 | Cádiz | | |
| 1972 | Alavés | | |
| 1978–1979 | Barakaldo | | |
| 1980–1982 | Alavés | | |
| 1986–1989 | Espanyol (assistant) | | |
| 1989 | Espanyol | | |
| 1994 | Zaragoza B | | |
| 2005 | Mirandés | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Morriscastle

abstract: Morriscastle is a coastal village that is situated 2 km from Kilmuckridge village in County Wexford, Ireland. Morriscastle is a tourist destination during the summer months.

text:
# Morriscastle

**Morriscastle** (Irish: *Caisleán Mhurchú*) is a coastal village that is situated 2 km from Kilmuckridge village in County Wexford, Ireland. Morriscastle is a tourist destination during the summer months.

## Morriscastle Beach

Morriscastle Beach is a part of a number of beaches that stretch for approximately 22 km from Cahore point to Curracloe in County Wexford and this sheltered stretch is known locally as the Golden Mile. Morriscastle Beach is sandy and relatively shallow making it a popular venue for families who stay at caravan parks and campsites in the vicinity. The local population can swell to over 5,000 during the summer months.

Located approximately 2 km from Kilmuckridge village and bordered by a sheltering dune system, this beach is attended by a lifeguard from June until the end of August and it is safe for swimming.

The beach stretches for over 2 km and is surrounded by several holiday parks that offer permanent and seasonal holiday park accommodation.

The beach runs parallel to a wide, deep sand dune system. Lifeguards or lifesaving equipment is provided to ensure the response to an emergency anywhere on this beach.

Morriscastle has also been awarded the Green Coast Beaches award.

## Angling

Moriscastle is regularly used by shore anglers, including for competitions. Specimen-sized fish found in the area include bass, tope, smoothhound, bullhuss, dogfish, spurdog, ray, flounder and dab. Seals are also sometimes be seen swimming near the shore.

## History

Morriscastle was once the site of a medieval Norman Castle and the ruin is visible from the roadway and is part of a national heritage site - Kilmuckridge Tinnaberna Sandhills. The nearest shipwreck lies off the coast of nearby Ballyconigar beach. The Pomona sank in 1859 losing 380 passengers while sailing from Liverpool to New York.

## InfoBox

| Morriscastle *Caisleán Mhurchú* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MorriscastleLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°30′51″N 6°14′30″W / 52.514153°N 6.241770°W / 52.514153; -6.241770 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Wexford |
| Irish Grid Reference | T151598 |


title: Russia and the Middle East

text:
# Russia and the Middle East

Russia has relations with all of the countries of the Middle East. Historically it has been involved in numerous wars there, especially with Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, with Afghanistan, and recently in support of Syria. Today, when the Russian political establishment deals with Middle Eastern countries it seems to act a lot like it did in imperial times – often giving them broad diplomatic and even military support.

1. Frederick Kagan, and Robin Higham, eds. *The Military History of Tsarist Russia* (2008) excerpts
2. David Stone, *A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya* (2006) excerpts
3. Mary Elizabeth Malinkin & Paul du Quenoy, *Russia’s Curious Relationship with the Middle East – from Imperial Times to the Present* (2015) excerpts

## Further reading

* Amos, Philip. “Recent Work on the Great Game in Asia.” *International History Review* 2#2 1980, pp. 308–320. online

* Bechev, Dimitar, et al. eds. *Russia Rising: Putin's Foreign Policy in the Middle East and North Africa* (I.B. Tauris, 2021) excerpt
* Fay, Sidney B. "Russia and the Middle East" *Current History* 10.57 (1946): 385-392 online.

* Feifer, Gregory. *The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan* (Harper Collins, 2009)
* Issaev, Leonid, and Andrey Korotayev. "Russia’s policy towards the Middle East: The case of Yemen." *International Spectator* 55.3 (2020): 132–147.
* Kagan, Frederick, and Robin Higham, eds. *The Military History of Tsarist Russia* (2008) online

* Kauppi, Mark V. and R. Craig Nation, eds. *The Soviet Union and the Middle East in the 1980s* (Lexington Books, 1983).
* Klieman, Aaron S. *Soviet Russia and the Middle East* (1970) online
* Kreutz, Andrej. *Russia in the Middle East: Friend or Foe?* (Praeger, 2007). online review
* Kuniholm, Bruce R. *The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece* (Princeton UP, 1980) online
* Lovotti, Chiara, ed. *Russia in the Middle East and North Africa* (Routledge, 2020) excerpt
* Lund, Aron. "From cold war to civil war: 75 years of Russian-Syrian relations." (Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2019) online.
* Lund, Aron. "Russia in the Middle East" (UI Paper 2/2019, Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2019) online
* Nizameddin, Talal. *Russia and the Middle East: Towards a New Foreign Policy* (St Martin's Press, 1999). online
* Nizameddin, Talal. “Squaring the Middle East Triangle in Lebanon: Russia and the Iran-Syria-Hezbollah Nexus.” *Slavonic and East European Review* 86#3, (2008), pp. 475–500, online.

* Primakov, Yevgeny. *Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present* (Basic Books, 2009).
* Rezvani, Babak. "Russian foreign policy and geopolitics in the Post-Soviet space and the Middle East: Tajikistan, Georgia, Ukraine and Syria." *Middle Eastern Studies* 56.6 (2020): 878-899 online.
* Smolansky, O. M. "The United States and the Soviet Union in the Middle East". *Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science* (1978). 33#1: 99–109. doi:10.2307/1173976.

* Stone, David. *A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya* (2006) excerpts
* Vasiliev, Alexey. *Russia’s Middle East Policy: From Lenin to Putin* (Routledge, 2018). excerpt
* Vucinich, Wayne S. "Russia and the Near and Middle East.” *Current History* 28#162, (1955), pp. 80–88, online
* Wehling, Fred. “Three Scenarios for Russia’s Middle East Policy.” *Communist and Post-Communist Studies* 26#2 (1993), pp. 182–204, online.


title: Martin S. Ackerman

abstract: Martin S. Ackerman was a lawyer and businessman known for mergers and acquisitions.

text:
# Martin S. Ackerman

**Martin S. Ackerman** (1932 – August 1, 1993) was a lawyer and businessman known for mergers and acquisitions.

## Biography

In 1932, Martin S. Ackerman was born to Rebecca Ackerman. He has two siblings, Ruby Ackerman Levy and Leonard Ackerman.

Raised in Rochester, New York, Ackerman then attended and graduated from Syracuse University. He then studied law at Rutgers Law School. In 1957, became a partner in the Cooper, Ostrin, De Varco & Ackerman law firm based in New York City. They were mergers and acquisitions specialists.

### Business career

Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation was formed in 1962 by Ackerman from parts of his first four acquisitions: United Whelan Corporation, Hudson National, Perfect Photos, and Equality Plastics Inc. Hudson was a mail-order firm and Equality Plastics Inc. was a consumer products distributor. Perfect Film sold off Whelan drugstores and the Pathe Films Lab.

In 1968, Ackerman's Perfect Film loaned $5 million into Curtis Publishing Company at the request of Curtis' primary loan holder, First National Bank of Boston, to extend its loans. He was appointed president of Curtis. Ackerman had Curtis sell for $7.3 million its Philadelphia headquarters to a real estate developer, John W. Merriam, and lease half the buildings back to pay off most of the First National loan. In 1968, Curtis Publishing sold the *Ladies' Home Journal*, along with *The American Home*, to Downe Communications for $5.4 million in stock. Ackerman had Curtis sell the Downe stock for operating cash. 6 million *Post* subscribers were sold to *Life* for cash, a 2.5 million dollar loan and became a customer of Curtis' subsidiaries for circulation and printing services. With all these attempts to revive the *Post* and lack of a purchaser, Curtis Publishing shut down the *Evening Post* in 1969. A Curtis founder's descendant, stockholders and trustees sued Ackerman over his actions at Curtis. The union sued over an alleged diversion of $6 million in pension fund diversion to invest in Lin Broadcasting. For five weeks, he was president of Lin. In 1969, Ackerman left Curtis and Perfect Film.

By the mid-1970s, Ackerman moved to London. There he practiced tax law, was publishing *Arts Review* magazine and established Eaton House Publishers.

In a dispute over support, his ex-wife went to England, then back, finally winning in a 1982 federal court ruling.

Ackerman also dabbled in banking by helping form Republic National Bank on Fifth Avenue, and owned, for a time, a Californian bank.

At the time of his death, Martin served on the boards of Zales, Non-Invasive Monitoring Systems, Adience and Calton Home Builders. On June 14, 1993, Ackerman was named chairman, president and chief executive officer of Standard Brands Paint Co. as part of the plan that brought the company out of Chapter 11 federal bankruptcy protection.

## Personal life and death

Ackerman married twice. His first wife was Frances Shapiro. They divorced and he remarried to Diane Leighton. Ackerman died at the age of 61 on August 1, 1993, at Mount Sinai Hospital, Manhattan, from acute sepsis, after an operation. He was survived by his wife, his son, Richard Ackerman, and his three daughters, Kelly L. Ackerman, Debra Ackerman, and Victoria Ackerman Richardson.

## Books

Ackerman wrote many books, including:

* *The Curtis Affair* (Nash, 1970)
* With Diane Leighton, *Money, Power, Ego: A Manual for Would-be Wheeler-Dealers* (Playboy, 1976)

## Philanthropy

Ackerman established a foundation to donate art worth millions of dollars.

## InfoBox

| Martin S. Ackerman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1932 |
| Died | (1993-08-01)August 1, 1993 (aged 61)
Mount Sinai Hospital, Manhattan, New York, US |
| Education | Law degree |
| Alma mater | Syracuse University
Rutgers Law School |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer and businessman |
| Spouses | * Frances Shapiro * Diane Leighton |
| Children | 4 |


title: Stara Zagora Uprising

abstract: The Stara Zagora Uprising was an uprising organized by the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee against the Ottoman Empire in 1875. Though this uprising was largely unsuccessful, it would later serve as inspiration for the more successful April Uprising of 1876.

text:
# Stara Zagora Uprising

**The Stara Zagora Uprising** (Bulgarian:Старозагорското въстание) was an uprising organized by the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee against the Ottoman Empire in 1875. Though this uprising was largely unsuccessful, it would later serve as inspiration for the more successful April Uprising of 1876.

## Organization and regions

On 12 August 1875, the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee or BRCC, made the decision to prepare the entire people of Bulgaria for an uprising. Five regions were distributed: Ruse-Shumen, Veliko Tarnovo, Sliven and Lovech-Troyan. The capital location of the uprising was chosen to be Stara Zagora, hence the name. The leader of the Stara Zagora Uprising and region was Stefan Stambolov, who is considered one of the founders of Modern post-Ottoman Bulgaria. Some members of the committee, however, did not entirely agree on the proper timing of the Uprising and wanted to wait.

Because of this disunion of opinions, on 16 September in Stara Zagora, not enough rebels gathered to support the cause. Some of the rebels hid or left the country, whereas others were chased by the Turks, such as the brothers Mihail and Georgi Zhekov.

## Simultaneous uprisings

The Stara Zagora Uprising was widespread in the villages around Stara Zagora. More than 800 people joined the rebellion in 6 large rural groups of rebels. Some of them started joining the rebels of the city. Heavy battles were led in the area of Elhovo, Samuilovo and Obrochishte. The rebel groups of Stefan Chifutov (105 people) and Rusi Bakardzhiyata (120 people) fought the Turks near Elhovo.

Simultaneously with the Stara Zagora Uprising, there were smaller uprisings in both Shumen and Ruse, though, these would consist of 20-30 men each, which would later be forced to disband once the news of the failed uprising in Stara Zagora reached them.

The Stara Zagora Uprising served as a check of the rebels' strength and readiness, paving the way for the liberation through the April Uprising in 1876, which would eventually capture the attention of the Great Powers.

After the Uprising had been dispersed, the Ottoman authorities imposed serious penalties. More than 600 people were arrested and punished with death and other forms of torture.

## Notable participants

1. "Старозагорското въстание 1875 г. – прелюдия към свободата | Регионален исторически музей - Стара Загора". *www.rimstz.eu*. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
2. "Защо Старозагорското въстание завършва с неуспех". *www.desant.net*. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
3. "Чета на Руси Бакърджията". *Войводи* (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2021-04-21.
4. divident.eu. "Днес се покланяме пред делото на Кольо Ганчев". *Divident.EU - Новини Стара Загора, актуална информация* (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2021-04-21.
5. "Старозагорското въстание 1875 г. – Долап БГ" (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2021-04-21.
6. "Старозагорското въстание, трагичният опит от който никой не си взе поука". *politika.bg*. Retrieved 2021-04-21.

## InfoBox

Stara Zagora Uprising
| The Banner of the Stara Zagora Uprising, citing "Death or Freedom" | |
| --- | --- |
| Map showing the movements of the Rebels in the Stara Zagora Uprising | |
| Native name | Старозагорското Възстание |
| Date | 1875 September 16 |
| Outcome | Failed attempt, led to the April Uprising |


title: Evans Grove Complex

abstract: The Evans Grove Complex is a complex of seven giant sequoia groves located in the Kings River watershed on the southern slopes of Kings Canyon in Giant Sequoia National Monument. It is formed from the Evans, Lockwood, Little Boulder, Boulder, Kennedy, Windy Gulch, and Horseshoe Bend groves. The complex is home to a rich collection of old-growth giant sequoias covering a combined 2,270 acres (9.2 km⁲).

text:
# Evans Grove Complex

The **Evans Grove Complex** is a complex of seven giant sequoia groves located in the Kings River watershed on the southern slopes of Kings Canyon in Giant Sequoia National Monument (Sequoia National Forest). It is formed from the Evans, Lockwood, Little Boulder, Boulder, Kennedy, Windy Gulch, and Horseshoe Bend groves. The complex is home to a rich collection of old-growth giant sequoias covering a combined 2,270 acres (9.2 km2).

## History

Evans Grove Complex derives its name from Evans Grove, the largest constituent grove, which itself is named after John Evans, who lived nearby and protected the trees from fire.

The complex and its surroundings were heavily impacted by the Rough Fire in 2015 and have since been closed by the Sequoia National Forest However it is open as of 2024

## Noteworthy trees

Some trees of special note found within the complex include:

* **Ishi Giant**—an old, fire-scarred giant sequoia with few visitors and was the 14th tallest giant sequoia in the world. In 2015, the tree lost significant trunk volume, over 27 ft (8.2 m) in height, and over half of its crown during the Rough Fire. A new volume and height estimate is needed to determine its size.
* **Evans Tree**—a giant sequoia that was measured in 1981, and had a volume of 30,232 cubic feet (856.1 m3).

## InfoBox

| Evans Grove Complex | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Fresno County, California, United States |
| Coordinates | 36°46′26″N 118°49′09″W / 36.773937°N 118.819094°W / 36.773937; -118.819094 |
| Ecology | |
| Dominant tree species | *Sequoiadendron giganteum* |


title: Lucius Julius Caesar (praetor 183 BC)

abstract: Lucius Julius Sex. f. L. n. Caesar was a member of the patrician house of the Julii Caesares at Ancient Rome, and held the office of praetor in 183 BC.

text:
# Lucius Julius Caesar (praetor 183 BC)

**Lucius Julius Sex. f. L. n. Caesar** was a member of the patrician house of the Julii Caesares at Ancient Rome, and held the office of praetor in 183 BC.

## Family

Lucius was the son of Sextus Julius Caesar, who had distinguished himself as praetor in 208 BC, during the Second Punic War. He had at least one brother, Sextus, who obtained the consulship in 157, and probably a second, Gaius, a senator who wrote a history of Rome in Greek about 143 BC.

Although it was common for the eldest son in a family to be named after his father, Lucius, apparently named after his grandfather, was probably the eldest brother. Following the *cursus honorum*, he was probably approaching forty years of age when he was elected praetor, and was probably born no later than 220 BC, while his brother, Sextus, first appears in history holding the rather junior post of military tribune in 181, and did not become consul for another twenty-four years after that. Further, Lucius had a son, also named Lucius, who was praetor in 166, and thus was probably born before 200; Sextus' son only obtained the praetorship in 123 BC.

## Career

Elected praetor for 183 BC, Lucius was assigned the province of Cisalpine Gaul. The senate gave him the task of preventing the Transalpine Gauls from building a city on the site of Aquileia, where they had begun to settle, but to do so without resorting to open hostilities. A Roman colony was planned for the location, and triumvirs were appointed for that purpose in the same year; thus Lucius played a crucial role in the founding of what would become one of the largest cities of classical antiquity.

## Bibliography


title: Homelessness in Russia

abstract: Homelessness in Russia has been observed since the end of the 19th century. After the abolition of serfdom, major cities experienced a large influx of former serfs who sought jobs as industrial workers in the rapidly developing Russian industry. These people often lived in harsh conditions, sometimes renting a room, shared between several families. There were also many homeless people.

text:
# Homelessness in Russia

**Homelessness in Russia** has been observed since the end of the 19th century. After the abolition of serfdom, major cities experienced a large influx of former serfs who sought jobs as industrial workers in the rapidly developing Russian industry. These people often lived in harsh conditions, sometimes renting a room, shared between several families. There were also many homeless people.

## History

### Soviet Russia

Immediately after the October Revolution, a special program of "densification" (уплотнение) was enabled: people who had no shelter were settled in flats of those who had multiple unused rooms, with only one room left to previous owners. The flats were declared state property. This led to numerous shared flats where several families lived simultaneously. Nevertheless, the problem of complete homelessness was mostly solved as anybody could apply for a room or a place in dormitory (the number of shared flats steadily decreased after large-scale residential building program was implemented starting in the 1960s).

By 1922, there were at least 7 million homeless children in Russia as a result of nearly a decade of devastation from World War I and the Russian Civil War. This led to the creation of many orphanages. By the 1930s, the USSR declared the abolition of homelessness and every citizen was obliged to have a propiska – a place of permanent residency. Nobody could be stripped of propiska without substitution or refuse it without a confirmed permission (called "order") to register in another place. If someone wanted to move to another city or expand their living area, they had to find a partner who wanted to mutually exchange the flats. The right for shelter was secured in the Soviet constitution. Not having permanent residency was legally considered a crime. There were also virtually no empty and unused apartments in the cities: any flat where nobody was registered was immediately lent by the state at a symbolic price to others who needed better living conditions. If a person who had permanent registration could not pay for shelter, nobody had the right to evict them, only to demand money through the court. However, this did not put an end to homelessness in the USSR and those who still struggled with homelessness were often labelled "parasites" for not being engaged in socially useful labor. Those homeless not on the street were kept in detention centres run by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Soviet journalist Alexei Lebedev after living in the vagrant community in Moscow stated that there were "hundreds of thousands" of homeless in the USSR and that the homeless community's presence was becoming more noticeable in the later years of the USSR.

After 1957, the USSR built 2.2 million units every year. Due to the institution of basic housing rent, rent only made up about 5% of a family's monthly budget, although in Moscow, the average family only spent 3% of their budget on rent.

### After the breakup of the USSR

After the breakup of the USSR and adopting capitalism, the problem of homelessness sharpened dramatically, partially because of the legal vacuum of the early 1990s with some laws contradicting each other and partially because of a high rate of frauds in the realty market. In 1991, articles 198 and 209 of Russian criminal code which instituted a criminal penalty for not having permanent residence were abolished. Because most flats had been privatized and many people sold their last shelter without successfully buying another, there was a sharp increase of the homeless. Renting apartments from a private owner became widespread (which usually only gives temporary registration and the apartment owner could evict the lessee after the contract is over, or if the rent was unpaid). In Moscow, the first overnight shelter for the homeless was opened in 1992. In the late 1990s, certain amendments in law were implemented to reduce the rise in homelessness, such as the prohibition of selling the last home with registered children.

## Today

Nevertheless, the state is still obliged to give permanent shelter for free to anybody who needs better living conditions or has no permanent registration. This is because the right to shelter is still included in the constitution. However, this may take many years. Nobody still has the right to strip a person of permanent residency without their will, even the owner of the apartment. This creates problems for banks because mortgage loans became increasingly popular. Banks are obliged to provide a new, cheaper flat for a person instead of the old one if the person fails to repay the loan, or wait until all people who live in the flat are dead. Several projects of special cheap 'social' flats for those who failed to repay mortgages were proposed to facilitate the mortgage market.

There exists Nochlezhka NGO acting in Saint Petersburg and Moscow.


title: The Six Parts Seven/The Black Keys EP

abstract: The Six Parts Seven/The Black Keys is a split-EP by Ohio bands The Six Parts Seven and The Black Keys. Released in 2003, it featured "A Blueprint Of Something Never Finished" by The Six Parts Seven and three live tracks from The Black Keys. The live tracks are from a performance at WMBR on 16 May 2003.

text:
# The Six Parts Seven/The Black Keys EP

***The Six Parts Seven/The Black Keys*** is a split-EP by Ohio bands The Six Parts Seven and The Black Keys. Released in 2003, it featured "A Blueprint Of Something Never Finished" by The Six Parts Seven and three live tracks from The Black Keys. The live tracks are from a performance at WMBR on 16 May 2003.

## Track listing

1. "A Blueprint of Something Never Finished" (The Six Parts Seven)
2. "The Moan" (The Black Keys)
3. "Thickfreakness" (The Black Keys)
4. "Yearnin'" (The Black Keys)

## Personnel

* Allen Karpinski - track 1; guitar
* Jay Karpinski - track 1; drums
* Tim Gerak - track 1; guitar
* Dan Auerbach \- track 2, 3, 4; vocals, guitar
* Patrick Carney \- track 2, 3, 4; drums

## InfoBox

| The Six Parts Seven/The Black Keys | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by The Black Keys | |
| Released | September 16, 2003 |
| Genre | Post-rock, Blues-rock |
| Length | 27:39 |
| Label | Suicide Squeeze Records |
| The Black Keys chronology | |
| *The Big Come Up*
(2002) ***The Six Parts Seven/The Black Keys***
(2003) *Thickfreakness*
(2003) | |


abstract: The 11th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2007, were given on 18 December 2007.

text:
# Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2007

**11th TFCA Awards**

December 18, 2007

---

Best Film:
**No Country for Old Men**

The **11th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards**, honoring the best in film for 2007, were given on 18 December 2007.

## Winners

Runners-Up: George Clooney*Michael Clayton* and Gordon Pinsent*Away from Her*

Runner-Up: Laura Dern*Inland Empire*

Runners-Up: *Paprika* and *The Simpsons Movie*

Runners-Up: *Eastern Promises* and *Radiant City*

Runners-Up: David Cronenberg*Eastern Promises* and David Fincher*Zodiac*

Runners-Up: *Iraq in Fragments* and *My Kid Could Paint That*

Runners-Up: *Eastern Promises* and *Zodiac*

Runners-Up: *Gone Baby Gone* and *Michael Clayton*

Runners-Up: *The Diving Bell and the Butterfly*France and *The Lives of Others*Germany

Runners-Up: *Juno*Diablo Cody and *Michael Clayton*Tony Gilroy

Runners-Up: Casey Affleck*The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford* and Philip Seymour Hoffman*Charlie Wilson's War*

Runners-Up: Amy Ryan*Gone Baby Gone* and Tilda Swinton*Michael Clayton*

1. "TFCA Awards 2007". torontofilmcritics.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06.


title: Hugh Phillips (cricketer)

abstract: Hugh Raymond Phillips was an English cricketer. Phillips was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Kuala Lumpur in what was then British Malaya, now Malaysia. Phillips made a single first-class appearance for Warwickshire against Scotland at Edgbaston in 1951. Scotland won the toss and elected to bat in their first-innings, making 359 all out. In response, Warwickshire made 332 all out, with Phillips scoring 3 runs at number five, before he was dismissed by Samuel Thomson. This was his only first-class batting innings, with the match being declared a draw. He died in 2018 in New Zealand.

text:
# Hugh Phillips (cricketer)

**Hugh Raymond Phillips** (8 April 1929  2018) was an English cricketer. Phillips was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Kuala Lumpur in what was then British Malaya, now Malaysia.

Phillips made a single first-class appearance for Warwickshire against Scotland at Edgbaston in 1951. Scotland won the toss and elected to bat in their first-innings, making 359 all out. In response, Warwickshire made 332 all out, with Phillips scoring 3 runs at number five, before he was dismissed by Samuel Thomson. This was his only first-class batting innings, with the match being declared a draw.

He died in 2018 in New Zealand.

## InfoBox

Hugh Phillips
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Hugh Raymond Phillips |
| Born | (1929-09-18)18 September 1929<br>Kuala Lumpur, British Malaya |
| Died | 2018 |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1951 | Warwickshire |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 1  Runs scored 3  Batting average 3.00  100s/50s /  Top score 3  Balls bowled   Wickets   Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings / | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 10 May 2012 | |


title: Euxesta minor

abstract: Euxesta minor is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Euxesta of the family Ulidiidae. It was described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1906.

text:
# Euxesta minor

***Euxesta minor*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Euxesta* of the family Ulidiidae. It was described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1906.

## InfoBox

| *Euxesta minor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Euxesta* |
| Species: | ***E. minor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euxesta minor***<br>Cresson, 1906 | |
|


title: Macrocoma splendens

abstract: Macrocoma splendens is a species of leaf beetle endemic to the Canary Islands. It was first described by Harald Lindberg in 1950. It is reported from Tenerife, La Palma and La Gomera.

text:
# Macrocoma splendens

***Macrocoma splendens*** is a species of leaf beetle endemic to the Canary Islands. It was first described by Harald Lindberg in 1950. It is reported from Tenerife, La Palma and La Gomera.

## InfoBox

| *Macrocoma splendens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | *Macrocoma* |
| Species: | ***M. splendens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Macrocoma splendens***<br>Lindberg, 1950 | |
|


title: Ma Xueya

abstract: Ma Xueya is a Chinese basketball player. She represented China at the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

text:
# Ma Xueya

**Ma Xueya** (Chinese: 马雪雅, born 16 December 1993) is a Chinese basketball player. She represented China at the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

* Ma Xueya at FIBA Archive
* "Xueya MA (CHN)'s profile". *FIBA*.

## InfoBox

Ma Xueya
| Ma Xueya in 2016 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 8  Hebei Win Power | |
| Position | Power forward |
| League | WCBA |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1993-12-16) 16 December 1993<br>Handan, Hebei, China |
| Listed height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Career information | |
| WNBA draft | 2015: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2012–present |
| Career history | |
| 2012–16 | Shanxi Flame |
| 2016–17 | Xinjiang Magic Deer |
| 2017–18 | Shanxi Flame |
| 2018–present | Hebei Win Power |
|  | |
| Medals      Representing  China  Asian Games  2014 Incheon Team  East Asian Games  2013 Tianjin | |


title: Eva O'Hara

abstract: Eva O'Hara is a British actress. O'Hara studied at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, where she performed in various productions at the Bristol Old Vic. She also appeared in other stage productions and short films, and made her film debut as Rosalind in Stark Shakespeare in 2018. After graduating from the school in 2019, O'Hara was cast as Verity Hutchinson in the British soap opera Hollyoaks, with the character first appearing in January 2020. O'Hara later chose to leave the role and the character was killed off in December 2022. In 2024, O'Hara returned to stage and performed in Windsor Theatre Royal's adaptation of The Great Gatsby.

text:
# Eva O'Hara

**Eva O'Hara** is a British actress. O'Hara studied at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, where she performed in various productions at the Bristol Old Vic. She also appeared in other stage productions and short films, and made her film debut as Rosalind in *Stark Shakespeare* in 2018. After graduating from the school in 2019, O'Hara was cast as Verity Hutchinson in the British soap opera *Hollyoaks*, with the character first appearing in January 2020. O'Hara later chose to leave the role and the character was killed off in December 2022. In 2024, O'Hara returned to stage and performed in Windsor Theatre Royal's adaptation of *The Great Gatsby*.

## Career

O'Hara studied at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, where she graduated with a BA in Acting in 2019. Whilst studying there, she performed in several plays at the Bristol Old Vic, including their adaptations of *A View from the Bridge* (2018), *How My Light Is Spent* (2019), *Lungs* (2017) and *The Comedy of Errors* (2018), the latter of which was performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. She also starred in the student short film *Honesty* (2019), in addition to the short films *Digging* (2017) and *Your Move* (2019). Outside of the Bristol Old Vic, O'Hara portrayed Mary Magdalene in *The Mysteries* at the Playbox Theatre in 2016 and Eva in *Where We Come From* at the Actors Centre in 2019, the latter of which she co-directed. In 2016, O'Hara played Rosalind in the stage production of *Shakespeare's Forests*, and she made her film debut as Rosalind in *Stark Shakespeare* in 2018. In 2019, O'Hara portrayed Mrs Robin in the musical *Mr. Maglump* at the Bristol Old Vic, which was watched by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber. That June, O'Hara appeared as Kate Nickleby in the Bristol Old Vic's adaptation of *The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby*. O'Hara has won the Andy Frazer Stage Combat award, in addition to being a finalist of the Alan Bates and BBC Radio Carlton Hobbs awards.

In December 2019, it was announced that O'Hara had been cast as Verity Hutchinson on the British soap opera *Hollyoaks* for its 25 anniversary year in a regular role. The character had previously been announced that September prior to the news of O'Hara's casting. Verity was introduced as the daughter of Edward Hutchinson (Joe McGann) and the half-sister of *Hollyoaks'* longest-running character, Tony Hutchinson (Nick Pickard). Verity was described as "ruthless and cunning" and a character who can "hold her own in any situation and really doesn't take no for an answer", with O'Hara revealing that she sometimes is jealous of the character's "fearlessness". O'Hara had watched the soap when she was a child. Speaking of her casting, O'Hara said, "I have been totally bowled over by the wonderful team at *Hollyoaks*. I have fallen in love with the warmth and passion of everyone involved, and feel utterly blessed to be involved in such a creative environment." O'Hara was with her boyfriend when she got a call from her agent telling her that she had won the role. O'Hara debuted as Verity in the 2020 revival episode of the *Hollyoaks* late night spinoff *Hollyoaks Later*, which aired on 6 January 2020. Verity's storylines on the soap have included setting up her own law firm in the village, a love triangle involving Kurt Benson (Jeremy Edwards) and Sami Maalik (Rishi Nair), lying about being pregnant, a romance with Shaq Qureshi (Omar Malik) and finding out about her brother Eric Foster's (Angus Castle-Doughty) radical misogyny. When O'Hara was filming her debut scenes, she fell over and hit the floor, which she recalled as being humorous and "a nice way to break the ice" with her colleague. O'Hara felt that Verity's fashion style had impacted her to wear more colourful clothing.

In March 2022, Verity played a pivotal role in a special *Hollyoaks* International Women's Day episode, portraying both Verity and a woman from the 1950s in a flashback, with the actress revealing that she was "immensely proud" of the episode and hoping that it would help spark conversation among viewers and highlight the "everyday prejudices" that women face. That same year, O'Hara chose the leave the soap and she made her last appearance as Verity in December 2022, when the character was killed off. O'Hara's departure had not been announced prior to the broadcast of Verity's death, which saw her be murdered by an unknown assailant, who was later revealed to be Bobby Costello (Jayden Fox). O'Hara had been hoping for a "dramatic end" for Verity and was delighted but also saddened when she learnt that the character would be killed off. O'Hara had a meeting with executive producer Lucy Allan, where there was initially an idea that the character would have a happy ending, but O'Hara revealed that she pushed for "something more meaty". Verity's death scene involved real paramedics performing CPR. Following her exit, O'Hara thanked her fans for supporting her and revealed that she planned to rest and return to theatre, which she had missed during her time on *Hollyoaks*. In 2024, O'Hara returned to theatre and portrayed Jordan Baker in Windsor Theatre Royal's adaptation of *The Great Gatsby*, directed by Roy Marsden.

## Personal life

O'Hara identifies as being part of the LGBTQ+ community. In 2022, she took part in a LGBTQ+ *Hollyoaks* photoshoot for LGBTQ+ History Month, where she spoke about the importance of having conversations with the community, explaining, "I think until we can somewhat rectify the history of inequality in our industry I think the attention and the conversation needs to be had with the queer community". O'Hara has experience in several sports, including kickboxing, swimming and yoga. O'Hara gained a Level 3 certificate in Personal Training, and is an ambassador for *Future Fit*. O'Hara enjoys climbing, singing and playing instruments.

## Acting credits

### Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *Digging* | Ellie | Short film |  |
| 2018 | *Stark Shakespeare* | Film | Rosalind |  |
| 2019 | *Honesty* | Louise | Short film |  |
| 2019 | *Your Move* | Player Two | Short film |  |
| 2020 | *Hollyoaks Later* | Verity Hutchinson | 1 episode |  |
| 2020–22 | *Hollyoaks* | Verity Hutchinson | Regular role |  |

### Theatre

| Year | Production | Venue | Role |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *The Mysteries* | Playbox Theatre | Mary Magdalene |
| 2016 | *Shakespeare's Forests* | Shakespeare Young Company | Rosalind |
| 2017 | *Lungs* | Bristol Old Vic | W |
| 2018 | *The Comedy of Errors* | Bristol Old Vic and Edinburgh Fringe Festival | Emilia |
| 2018 | *A View from the Bridge* | Bristol Old Vic | Catherine |
| 2019 | *How My Light Is Spent* | Bristol Old Vic | Kitty |
| 2019 | *Where We Come From* | The Actors Centre | Eva |
| 2019 | *The Life and Adventures<br>of Nicholas Nickleby* | Bristol Old Vic | Kate Nickleby |
| 2019 | *Mr. Maglump* | Bristol Old Vic | Mrs Robin |
| 2024 | *The Great Gatsby* | Theatre Royal, Windsor | Jordan Baker |
| **Sources:** | | | |

## InfoBox

| Eva O'Hara | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | Bristol Old Vic Theatre School |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2016–present |
| Agent | MN2S |
| Television | *Hollyoaks* |
| Height | 5 ft 5 in (165 cm) |


title: Madanpura

abstract:
Madanpura is a village in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
It is situated around 20 km from the famous and ancient city of Varanasi. It has good road links with Varanasi and Mirzapur.

text:
# Madanpura

**Madanpura** is a village in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated around 20 km from the famous and ancient city of Varanasi. It has good road links with Varanasi and Mirzapur.

1. "Yahoo Maps India: Madanpura, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh". Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2009.

## InfoBox

| Madanpura | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| MadanpuraLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaMadanpuraMadanpura (India) | |
| Coordinates: 25°09′29″N 83°02′52″E / 25.1580000°N 83.0478400°E / 25.1580000; 83.0478400 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Mirzapur district |
| Government | |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | RJ-IN |
| Vehicle registration | UP |
| Website | up.gov.in |


title: The Adornment of Time

abstract: The Adornment of Time is a live album by percussionist Tyshawn Sorey and pianist Marilyn Crispell. It was recorded at The Kitchen in New York City in October 2018, and was released in 2019 by Pi Recordings. The album features an hour-long piece that was freely improvised; nothing was determined or discussed beforehand.

text:
# The Adornment of Time

***The Adornment of Time*** is a live album by percussionist Tyshawn Sorey and pianist Marilyn Crispell. It was recorded at The Kitchen in New York City in October 2018, and was released in 2019 by Pi Recordings. The album features an hour-long piece that was freely improvised; nothing was determined or discussed beforehand.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *DownBeat* |  |
| *Pitchfork* |  |
| *All About Jazz* |  |

In a review for AllMusic, Thom Jurek wrote: "*The Adornment of Time*... is among the most aptly titled improvised recordings in many years... Besides the instruments, audience, and the performance space, what exists between and around these two is time: Forever passing, ever present, and always falling forward into the next moment... For nearly 65 minutes, their interaction begets inquiry and investigation that in turn begets declamations, questions, and discoveries that serve to propel communication -- with silence, with one another, and with time itself -- deeper and wider than either of the participants could have conceived... By the time they conclude..., they have traveled far and taken their listeners with them through a pregnant sense of time painted with emotional, spiritual, and intellectual ideas and profound feelings. This is as much as any musical encounter can offer, let alone provide, and Sorey and Crispell deliver both."

Ammar Kalia, in a review for *DownBeat*, stated: "There is a type of improvisation that seems almost mystical to witness. It's full-blown, free-flowing and intensely narrative, the arc of which is only established as the players play and we listen along, trying to keep up. And it's the essence of drummer Tyshawn Sorey and pianist Marilyn Crispell's work together... A work this instinctual and eminently present-tense can seem difficult to unpack from the perspective of a recording, yet within it lies the key to the jazz form: the synaptic rushes of musicians communicating purely in the moment."

Writing for *Pitchfork*, Seth Colter Walls commented: "*The Adornment of Time* doesn't merely present two talented musicians in a room, improvising at the same time. Instead, the album makes good on ideals at the heart of the free-improv tradition—including equality and adaptiveness—that are often paid lip service, if not always easily heard."

Karl Ackermann of *All About Jazz* called the album "extraordinary," and remarked: "Sorey and Crispell are known for their exceptional ability to listen and to empathize with colleagues. These personal traits make this album a benchmark for immediate creativity... they create outside any obvious genre, but with a concentration on many musical foundations. The audience is spellbound—silent for the entire piece; it's likely many listeners will react the same way. Highly recommended."

Michael Rosenstein of *Dusted Magazine* stated that the "notion of 'mindful decision making' is evident throughout as the two build measured waves of tension and release. The way they steadily mount to crescendos of dynamics and density and abate into sections of extended composure is riveting."

Adam Shatz, writing for *The New York Review*, described the album as "gorgeous," and stated that, over the duration of the piece, "the collaboration’s architecture comes into radiant focus, gradually acquiring such physical power that you feel a kind of shock, and even sorrow, when it ends."

In an article for *WBGO*, Nate Chinen referred to the album as "mesmerizing," and praised its "grave, shimmering beauty." He commented: "*The Adornment of Time* is an experiential creation, and for those of us who couldn't be in the audience on that evening, the album is our chronicle. The only option is to devour it whole."

## Track listing

1. "The Adornment of Time" – 1:04:57

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Adornment of Time | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Tyshawn Sorey and Marilyn Crispell | |
| Released | 2019 |
| Recorded | October 21, 2018 |
| Venue | The Kitchen, New York City |
| Studio | 1:04:57 |
| Genre | Free jazz |
| Label | Pi Recordings<br>PI83 |


title: Thazi, Meiktila, Mandalay Region

abstract: Thazi is a town in Thazi Township, Meiktila District, Mandalay Region, central Burma (Myanmar).

text:
# Thazi, Meiktila, Mandalay Region

**Thazi** is a town in Thazi Township, Meiktila District, Mandalay Region, central Burma (Myanmar).

## InfoBox

| Thazi | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| ThaziLocation in Myanmar | |
| Coordinates: 20°50′N 95°59′E / 20.833°N 95.983°E / 20.833; 95.983 | |
| Country | Myanmar |
| Division | Mandalay Region |
| District | Meiktila District |
| Township | Thazi Township |
| Population | |
| Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |


title: Every Leaf a Hallelujah

abstract: Every Leaf a Hallelujah is an environment theme novel written by Nigerian-British writer Ben Okri and illustrated by Diana Ejaita. It was published in 2021 by Other Press (US) and Apollo (UK) in 2021.

text:
# Every Leaf a Hallelujah

***Every Leaf a Hallelujah*** is an environment theme novel written by Nigerian-British writer Ben Okri and illustrated by Diana Ejaita. It was published in 2021 by Other Press (US) and Apollo (UK) in 2021.

## Background and inspiration

*Every Leaf a Hallelujah* is Okri's eight novel and first children's literature novel. Okri's love for nature influenced him to write the novel. The book is a form of protest against deforestation made by certain "grown-ups" who "value money over nature."

## Characters

* **Mangoshi** — a little child who stands up for nature
* **Manager** — a timber and construction company owner

## Plot

The story follow Mangoshi, a child with a dying mother who ventures into the forest to get a precious leaf that can heal her mother. She finds out that the nature is dying too. She heads back to the village empty-handed but is forced to return again when everyone in the village falls sick.

In her second journey, she is being guided by an old baobab tree that teaches her about the predicament of trees and nature at large. Mangoshi is tasked to standing up against companies bent of "leveling the forest".

## Theme and style

Themes in the book includes deforestation, eco-activism. Okri employed the use of poetry and folklore.

## Reception

*Publishers Weekly* described it as a "gem" that "will resonate with both adult fantasy readers and their children." It was listed in *Brittle Paper'*s Notable Books of 2021. Miles Ellingham of *Financial Times* described it as "part magical realism, part dendrological encyclopedia and part manual for non-violent resistance." praising Okri's "clear prose form," noting that "his sentences have a careful simplicity, but not at the expense of eloquent writing." He further stated that the story was "more enchanting by Diana Ejaita’s illustrations."

Karen Haber writing for *Locus* called it "a journey into bold color and imagery filled with constant rewards." noting that Ejiata uses "graphic motifs that call back to African textiles, collage, and woodcut prints."

## InfoBox

Every Leaf a Hallelujah
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ben Okri |
| Illustrator | Diana Ejaita |
| Cover artist | Diana Ejaita |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Environmentalism |
| Genre |  |
| Publisher |  |
| Publication date | 2021 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type |  |
| Pages | 112 |
| ISBN | 978-1800241626 (Apollo edition) |


title: Madison Township, Sandusky County, Ohio

abstract: Madison Township is one of the twelve townships of Sandusky County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, 3,587 people lived in the township.

text:
# Madison Township, Sandusky County, Ohio

**Madison Township** is one of the twelve townships of Sandusky County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, 3,587 people lived in the township.

## Geography

Located in the western part of the county, it borders the following townships:

Most of the village of Gibsonburg is located in eastern Madison Township, with the unincorporated community of Rollersville straddling the southern border with Scott Township.

## Name and history

Madison Township was named for President James Madison.

It is one of twenty Madison Townships statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Madison Township, Sandusky County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Fields east of Rollersville | |
| Location of Madison Township, Sandusky County, Ohio. | |
| Coordinates: 41°23′3″N 83°20′15″W / 41.38417°N 83.33750°W / 41.38417; -83.33750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Sandusky |
| Area | |
| Total | 27.3 sq mi (70.6 km2) |
| Land | 27.2 sq mi (70.5 km2) |
| Water | 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2) |
| Elevation | 679 ft (207 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 3,587 |
| Density | 131.9/sq mi (50.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 39-46592 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086913 |