title: Focalisation

abstract: Focalisation is a term coined by the French narrative theorist Gérard Genette. It refers to the perspective through which a narrative is presented. Genette focuses on the interplay between three forms of focalization and the distinction between heterodiegetic and homodiegetic narrators. Homodiegetic narrators exist in the same storyworld as the characters exist in, whereas heterodiegetic narrators are not a part of that storyworld. The term 'focalization' refers to how information is restricted in storytelling. Genette distinguishes between internal focalization, external focalization, and zero focalization. Internal focalization means that the narrative focuses on thoughts and emotions while external focalization focuses solely on characters' actions, behavior, the setting etc. Zero focalization is seen when the narrator is omniscient in the sense that it is not restricted.

text:
# Focalisation

**Focalisation** is a term coined by the French narrative theorist Gérard Genette. It refers to the perspective through which a narrative is presented. Genette focuses on the interplay between three forms of *focalization* and the distinction between *heterodiegetic* and *homodiegetic* narrators. Homodiegetic narrators exist in the same (hence the prefix 'homo') storyworld as the characters exist in, whereas heterodiegetic narrators are not a part of that storyworld. The term 'focalization' refers to how information is restricted in storytelling. Genette distinguishes between *internal* focalization, *external* focalization, and *zero* focalization. Internal focalization means that the narrative focuses on thoughts and emotions while external focalization focuses solely on characters' actions, behavior, the setting etc. Zero focalization is seen when the narrator is omniscient in the sense that it is not restricted.

## Determinant

Focalization in literature is similar to point of view in literature and in filmmaking, but professionals in the field often see these two traditions as being distinctly different. Genette's work was intended to refine the notions of point of view and narrative perspective. It separates the question of "Who sees?" in a narrative from "who speaks?" A narrative where all information presented reflects the subjective perception of a certain character is said to be *internally focalised.* An omniscient narrator corresponds to *zero focalization*. *External focalisation* is the camera eye.

A novel in which no simple rules restrict the transition between different focalizations could be said to be unfocalised, but specific relationships between basic types of focalization constitute more complex focalization strategies; for example, a novel could provide external focalization alternating with internal focalizations through three different characters, where the second character is never focalized except after the first, and three other characters are never focalized at all.

## Narratology

The specific domain of literary theory which deals with focalisation is narratology, which concerns not only distinctions between subjective and objective focalisations but various gradations between them, such as free indirect speech or quasi-direct discourse. Narratologists tend to have a difficult time agreeing on the exact definitions of categories in their field; hence its dynamic nature.


title: Flóra Burányi

abstract: Flóra Burányi is a blind Hungarian para judoka who competes in international level events. She is a European bronze medalist and she competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

text:
# Flóra Burányi

**Flóra Burányi** (born 6 November 1990) is a blind Hungarian para judoka who competes in international level events. She is a European bronze medalist and she competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

## InfoBox

Flóra Burányi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-11-06) 6 November 1990<br>Eger, Hungary |
| Occupation | Judoka |
| Sport | |
| Country | Hungary |
| Sport | Para judo |
| Coached by | Bertalan Hajtos |
| Medal record      Para judo  Representing  Hungary  IBSA European Judo Championships  2013 Eger -57kg  European Para Championships  2023 Rotterdam -57kg J1 | |
|  | |
| Profile at external databases | |
| JudoInside.com | 99811 |
|  | |


title: Markman

abstract:
Markman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Damien Markman, English former professional footballer
  - Ellen Markman, Lewis M. Terman Professor of Psychology at Stanford University
  - Gerry Markman, guitarist and a manager of Steve's Music Store, Toronto
  - Maurie Markman, physician and the President of Medicine and Science at Cancer Treatment Centers of America
  - Ronald Markman (1931–2017), American artist and educator
  - Stephen Markman, 103rd Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court
  - Winston Markman, Australian soap Home and Away character

text:
# Markman

**Markman** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Damien Markman (born 1978), English former professional footballer
* Ellen Markman, Lewis M. Terman Professor of Psychology at Stanford University
* Gerry Markman (born 1950), guitarist and a manager of Steve's Music Store, Toronto
* Maurie Markman, physician and the President of Medicine and Science at Cancer Treatment Centers of America
* Ronald Markman (1931–2017), American artist and educator
* Stephen Markman (born 1949), 103rd Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court
* Winston Markman, Australian soap *Home and Away* character


title: The Red Scroll

abstract: The Red Scroll is a 2020 Brazilian animated adventure fantasy film directed by Nelson Botter Jr. and written by the same with the help of Fernando Alonso, Keka Reis e Leo Lousada. It was produced by the animation studio Tortuga Studios and distributed by Vitrine Filmes. The film premiered in 2020 at the 44th São Paulo International Film Festival and the following year being added to the Disney+ catalog.

text:
# The Red Scroll

***The Red Scroll*** (Portuguese: ***O Pergaminho Vermelho***) is a 2020 Brazilian animated adventure fantasy film directed by Nelson Botter Jr. and written by the same with the help of Fernando Alonso, Keka Reis e Leo Lousada. It was produced by the animation studio Tortuga Studios and distributed by Vitrine Filmes. The film premiered in 2020 at the 44th São Paulo International Film Festival and the following year being added to the Disney+ catalog.

## Synopsis

Nina is an ordinary 13-year-old girl, full of personal conflicts. One day, after finding a mysterious red scroll, she is transported to the fantastical universe of Tellurian. In this mysterious world analogous to Earth, inhabited by several fantastic creatures, Nina has to overcome several challenges in search of a mysterious object to return home.

## Voice cast

* Marina Sirabello as Nina/The Queen
* Nelson Machado as Lorde Dark
* Any Gabrielly as Idril
* Viny Takahashi as Victor
* Marcello Palermo as Wupa
* Alex Morales as Sérgio
* Thayná Cavalcanti as Juliana
* Alex Minei as Kim


title: Marry Me (Jason Derulo song)

abstract: "Marry Me" is a song by American recording artist Jason Derulo, released as the second single in the US and Canadian markets from his third studio album, Tattoos (2013). The song was written by Jason Derulo, Jonas Jeberg, "Hookman" Marlin Bonds, Andy Marvel while the song's production was handled by Jonas Jeberg. It is the third track on Tattoos and the eleventh and final track on Talk Dirty.

text:
# Marry Me (Jason Derulo song)

"**Marry Me**" is a song by American recording artist Jason Derulo, released as the second single in the US and Canadian markets (third overall) from his third studio album, *Tattoos* (2013) (US version titled *Talk Dirty*). The song was written by Jason Derulo, Jonas Jeberg, "Hookman" Marlin Bonds, Andy Marvel while the song's production was handled by Jonas Jeberg. It is the third track on *Tattoos* and the eleventh and final track on *Talk Dirty*.

## Background and release

During an interview with *On Air with Ryan Seacrest*, Derulo revealed that he wrote the song as an ode to his then girlfriend, former *American Idol* winner, singer Jordin Sparks. He also shared his favorite lyric: " '.... 105 is the number that comes to my head when I think of all the years I want to be with you.' It’s one of those things you want to wake up next to that person forever so 105 is the number that I thought of".

## Music video

The music video to "Marry Me" was released on Derulo's YouTube account on September 23, 2013. The video also features Jordin Sparks who appears on the video since Derulo dedicated to her. The music video also premiered on BET's *106 & Park* the same day. In the video, Derulo can be seen buying a ring, waking up with Sparks, Derulo playing the piano while Sparks lies on top. Then, other scenes include the two of them relaxing in a bathtub, watching a movie, eating and fighting with flour. The older version of Derulo and Sparks at the end were played by Derulo's real-life grandparents.

## Critical reception

*Entertainment Weekly* compared the song to Bruno Mars' "Just the Way You Are", saying that "it touches the same romance level of that song", but in a "cornier" way. Karen Lanza of *Popcrush* said Derulo "has granted the world its next top wedding tune" and called it an "upbeat love song"

## Release and artwork

The artwork for the single features the diamond ring seen in Derulo's computerized neck tattoo on the album cover of *Tattoos*. The song made its world premiere of the new song on *On Air with Ryan Seacrest* on Monday August 26, 2013, and was made available for digital download through digital retailers on the day.

## Usage in media

The song was featured in the 2014 re-release of the game *Grand Theft Auto V* on the fictional radio station "Radio Los Santos", despite the station not playing R&B, it was also featured in Comedy Central animated series *South Park* episode "Basic Cable".

## Track listing

* **Digital download**

1. "Marry Me" – 3:45

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 3× Platinum | 210,000 |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000* |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | Platinum | 10,000* |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Streaming | | |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 900,000 |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Credits and personnel

* Vocals Jason Derulo
* Lyrics – Jason Desrouleaux, Jonas Jeberg, "Hookman" Marlin Bonds, Andy Marvel
* Producer – Jonas Jeberg
* Label – Warner Bros. Records Inc.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Canada | August 26, 2013 | * Digital download | Warner Music Group |
| | | | United States |
| United States | September 10, 2013 |  |  |
| France | September 23, 2013 | Digital download | Warner Music Group |

## InfoBox

| "Marry Me" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Jason Derulo | |
| from the album  *Tattoos and Talk Dirty* | |
| Released | September 1, 2013 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:45 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Jonas Jeberg |
|  | |
| Jason Derulo singles chronology | |
| "Talk Dirty"
(2013) "**Marry Me**"
(2013) "Trumpets"
(2013) | |
|  | |


title: The Shepherd's Calendar (James Hogg)

abstract: The Shepherd's Calendar (1829) is a collection by James Hogg of 21 articles, most of which had appeared in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine since 1819. They are set in, or deal with aspects of, the Scottish Borders, in particular Hogg's native Ettrick Forest.

text:
# The Shepherd's Calendar (James Hogg)

***The Shepherd's Calendar*** (1829) is a collection by James Hogg of 21 articles, most of which had appeared in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* since 1819. They are set in, or deal with aspects of, the Scottish Borders, in particular Hogg's native Ettrick Forest.

## Background

On 1 September 1825 Hogg proposed to William Blackwood that the 'Shepherd's Calendar' articles which had been appearing in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* should be brought together in book form. In June the following year Blackwood suggested that Hogg's nephew Robert might correct (basically, formalise) and alter (basically, censor) the contents, but in the autumn he put off publication blaming the stagnation of the market. To Hogg's frustration, it was another three years before the two-volume set, wholly edited by Robert, saw the light of day.

## Editions

*The Shepherd's Calendar. By James Hogg, Author of "The Queen's Wake," &c. &c. In two volumes* was published by William Blackwood, Edinburgh, and T\[homas\] Cadell, London in 1829.

A critical edition edited by Douglas Mack appeared in 1995 as the first volume in The Stirling/South Carolina Research Edition of The Collected Works of James Hogg, published by Edinburgh University Press. This omits five items deemed not intended by Hogg to be included: 'Nancy Chisholm', 'The Prodigal Son', 'The School of Misfortune', 'The Marvellous Doctor', and 'A Strange Secret'. The items included are based on the texts originally published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine*, except for 'Storms' which takes the surviving manuscript as copy text.

## Contents (1829)

(revised by Robert Hogg)

Volume One

I. 'Rob Dodds' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in March 1823 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Class Second. Deaths, Judgments, and Providences')

* In the present year, 1823, Andrew, an old shepherd, tells his master of the history of the Ettrick Forest, and of the death in the snow of Rob Dodds, a young shepherd, resulting from harsh treatment by his master.

II. 'Mr Adamson of Laverhope' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in June 1823 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Class Second. Deaths, Judgments, and Providences')

* In July 1753 Adamson, a man liable to extreme fits of temper, mistreats a poor neighbour and an old beggar Patie Maxwell, before being killed by lightning in a ferocious summer storm.

III. 'The Prodigal Son' (first published in *The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany* in September and November 1821 as 'Pictures of Country Life. No. I. Old Isaac' and 'Pictures of Country Life. No. II. Continued from p. 219')

* The daughter of old Isaac, a minister, tries to dissuade him from attending the deathbed of a young profligate who has corrupted her son and her daughter Euphemia, but he persists in his intention and secures the sinner's repentance. On a second visit he finds the sinner convalescent, and ready to marry Euphemia.

IV. 'The School of Misfortune' (first published in *The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany* in December 1821 as 'Pictures of Country Life. No. III. Continued from p. 452. The School of Misfortune')

* Examples illustrating the proper response to misfortunes—greater circumspection, and perseverance.

V. 'George Dobson's Expedition to Hell' (first published, with No. VI, in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in May 1827 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar—By the Ettrick Shepherd. Dreams and Apparition. Containing George Dobson's Expedition to Hell, and the Souters of Selkirk.')

* George, an Edinburgh hackney-coach proprietor, dreams of driving a gentleman and son to hell and of engaging to return the next day. When he wakes up, he is obsessed with the need to keep his engagement and dies imagining he is making the return journey.

VI. 'The Souters of Selkirk' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in May 1827: see No. V)

* The Selkirk cobblers are subject to a double trick: first in being induced individually to make boots for a visiting gentleman, then in having the money paid abstracted by another gentleman, while being addressed in both cases as 'souter', a title abhorrent to them.

VII. 'The Laird of Cassway' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in August 1827 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. By the Ettrick Shepherd. Dreams and Apparitions.—Part IV')

* Two brothers agree to fight a duel over their love for Ellen Scott (Thomas regarding her as a potential mistress, Francis as a potential wife). They are dissuaded by a manifestation of their absent father, the laird of Cassway, apparently raised by Ellen's maternal aunt who has the reputation of being a witch.

VIII. 'Tibby Hyslop's Dream' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in June 1827 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Dreams and Apparitions.—Part II. Containing Tibby Hyslop's Dream, and the Sequel')

* Tibby is ill-treated by her master, but her testimony in court results in him being ruined and taking his life. Both Tibby and her great-aunt have powers which enable them to foresee the events of the story.

IX. 'Mary Burnet' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in February 1828 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Class IX. Fairies, Brownies, and Witches. By the Ettrick Shepherd')

* In the reign of James IV (1488‒1513) John Allanson, a dissolute young man, tries to entice Mary Burnet into an assignation. She appears, but throws herself into a loch and apparently perishes. John informs her father, but they find Mary safe in bed, though distressed. She then vanishes while haymaking. Two years later, John is invited by Mary to join her in a wonderful castle. He disappears, and his body is found in a ravine occupying the site of the apparent castle. After another five years, following the advice of a dwarf, Mary's parents meet her and her two sons briefly at Moffat and she assures them that she is happy.

X. 'The Brownie of the Black Haggs' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in October 1828 as 'The Brownie of the Black Haggs. By the Ettrick Shepherd')

* Lady Wheelhope is suspected of the murder of a succession of servants, but she meets her match when a weird odd-job-man arrives. She becomes possessed with hatred of him, and when he is dismissed after she has killed her son and heir in mistake for him she pursues him and he torments and finally kills her before disappearing. He is remembered locally as The Brownie of the Black Haggs.

XI. 'The Laird of Wineholm' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in July 1827 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Dreams and Apparitions, containing Smithy Cracks, &c. Part III')

* Clinkum, a blacksmith, learns that the ghost of the recently deceased laird of Wineholm has been seen, and that his son-in-law Dr Davington is thought to have murdered him. The matter is investigated legally and a joiner testifies that the laird is alive, having revived in his coffin. Dr Davington absconds and is seen no more.

Volume Two

I. 'Window Wat's Courtship' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in March 1824 and February 1825 as 'The Lasses')

* Wat Scott, called 'Window Wat' from his bashfulness as a wooer, and his more assertive companion Jock Jewel are at cross-purposes in courting two sisters. Wat helps Jock to elope to Edinburgh with the younger sister, whom he himself fancies, accompanied by her older sibling, but events result in the two couples ending up correctly matched.

II. 'A Strange Secret' (the first part first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in June 1828 as 'A Strange Secret. Related in a Letter from the Ettrick Shepherd'; the rest here published for the first time)

* Thomas Henderson, the principal narrator, tells how he observed Julia, sister of the Earl his master, together with a reputed witch Eppie Cowan, burying sets of clothes belonging to Julia's baby son. He related the story to the Earl and was discharged for his own safety. Seeking more information Henderson is put in touch with a Mr MacTavish and presents the resulting epistolary communication as a continuous, highly elaborate, narrative. Forced by the Catholic authorities to give up her baby, Julia asks MacTavish to keep track of the child's movements. The baby is brought up in a cottage by Elspeth Cowan, but carried off by a foxhunter lodging with them. Elspeth, possessed of supernatural insight, proclaims that MacTavish is destined to rediscover the young man, which after several adventures he does and the youth's legitimacy is established.

III. 'The Marvellous Doctor' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in September 1827)

* An old doctor who has developed a plant-based elixir causing people to follow him tells of his winning a trial of skill with a rival professor before the king and queen of Spain, and of his narrowly escaping with his life from a herd of cattle enraged by the potion while he was attempting to court a countess.

IV. 'The Witches of Traquair' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in April 1828 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Class IX. Fairies, Deils, and Witches. By the Ettrick Shepherd')

* A few years before the Reformation, Colin Hyslop of Traquair is saved from local diabolical powers by a vial of liquid, supplemented by a medal, bestowed by two supernatural ladies. The Master Fiend arranges for him to be tried as a warlock by a Catholic court, when his beloved Barbara prompts him to acknowledge that he has been helped by the Blessed Virgin (though he has been brought up by a Reformed father). He goes on to become wealthy under Catholic patronage, marrying Barbara.

V. 'Sheep' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in April 1827 as 'General Anecdotes. Sheep')

VI. 'Prayers' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in April 1827 as 'General Anecdotes. Prayers')

VII. 'Odd Characters' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in April 1827 as 'General Anecdotes. Odd Characters')

* Most of the sketch is devoted to William Laidlaw of Phawhope (Will o' Phaup, Hogg's grandfather), a conspicuous drinker and fighter, and the last man in Ettrick to converse with fairies.

VIII 'Nancy Chisholm' (first publication here)

* Nancy's beloved Archibald tells her that her father is facing bankruptcy. When her father discovers that she knows this he is enraged and beats her. She leaves for Aberdeen, where she lives embittered until her repentant father discovers her after three years. She rejects him, but when Archibald arrives she mellows and they are married. The couple prosper, enabling Nancy to repair her ruined father's fortunes.

IX 'Snow-storms' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in April and May 1819 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Storms'; reprinted in *Winter Evening Tales* in 1820)

X. 'The Shepherd's Dog' (first published in *Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine* in February 1824 as 'The Shepherd's Calendar. Class IV. Dogs', and here combined with Hogg's earlier article in March 1818 'Further Anecdotes of the Shepherd's Dog')

## Contents (1995)

(edited by Douglas Mack)

Storms

Rob Dodds

Mr Adamson of Laverhope

Dogs

The Lasses

General Anecdotes

George Dobson's Expedition to Hell and The Souters of Selkirk

Tibby Hyslop's Dream

Smithy Cracks

The Laird of Cassway

Mary Burnet

The Witches of Traquair

The Brownie of the Black Haggs


title: Markus Kuhn (computer scientist)

abstract: Markus Guenther Kuhn is a German computer scientist, currently working at the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge and a fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.

text:
# Markus Kuhn (computer scientist)

**Markus Guenther Kuhn** (born 1971) is a German computer scientist, currently working at the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge and a fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.

## Education

Kuhn was educated at University of Erlangen (Germany), he received his Master of Science degree at Purdue University and PhD at the University of Cambridge.

## Research

Kuhn's main research interests include computer security, in particular the hardware and signal-processing aspects of it, and distributed systems. He is known, among other things, for his work on security microcontrollers, compromising emanations, and distance-bounding protocols. He developed the Stirmark test for digital watermarking schemes, the OTPW one-time password system, and headed the project that extended the X11 misc-fixed fonts to Unicode.

In 1994, as an undergraduate student, he became known for developing several ways to circumvent the VideoCrypt encryption system, most notably the *Season7* smartcard emulator.

In 2002, he published a new method for eavesdropping CRT screens and in 2003 he went on to publish mitigations such as "Tempest fonts".

In 2010, Kuhn was asked to analyse the ADE 651, a device used in Iraq that was said to be a bomb-detecting device; he found that it contained nothing but an anti-theft tag and said that it was "impossible" that the device could detect anything whatsoever.

He is also known for some of his work on international standardisation, such as pioneering the introduction of Unicode/UTF-8 under Linux.

## Awards and honours

In 1987 and 1988, he won the German national computer-science contest, and in 1989, he won a gold medal for the West German team at the International Olympiad in Informatics.

## InfoBox

| Markus Kuhn | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Markus Guenther Kuhn
1971 (age 5253)
Munich, West Germany |
| Alma mater |  |
| Known for | EURion constellation |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer science
Computer security
Tamper resistance |
| Institutions |  |
| Thesis | *Compromising emanations: eavesdropping risks of computer displays* (2002) |
| Doctoral advisor | Ross J. Anderson |
| Doctoral students | Steven Murdoch |
|  | |
| Website | www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ |


title: The Redhead and the Cowboy

abstract: The Redhead and the Cowboy is a 1951 American Western film directed by Leslie Fenton and starring Glenn Ford and Rhonda Fleming.

text:
# The Redhead and the Cowboy

***The Redhead and the Cowboy*** is a 1951 American Western film directed by Leslie Fenton and starring Glenn Ford and Rhonda Fleming.

## Plot

Late in the American Civil War, the New Mexico Territory is full of spies and guerrillas for both sides. Local cowboy Gil Kyle, realizing that many of these people are merely criminals out for themselves, tries to do his work and steer clear of the conflict. But he keeps running into violence and hostility. And after a brief encounter with a beautiful new saloon girl, he stumbles into a crime scene and becomes a fugitive wanted for murder.

His only alibi is the girl, Candace Bronson, who has disappeared. She turns out to be aiding the Confederate cause, and has fled to deliver a vital message about a Union gold shipment. Kyle sets off in pursuit of her. Along the way, he runs into desperadoes, government agents, guerrilla fighters, and renegades—some whose true loyalties are unclear.

## Cast

## Further reading

* Kinnard, Roy (1996). *The Blue and the Gray on the Silver Screen: More Than Eighty Years of Civil War Movies*. Carol Publishing Group. ISBN 9781559723831.

## InfoBox

| The Redhead and the Cowboy | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Leslie Fenton |
| Written by | Jonathan Latimer
Liam O'Brien |
| Produced by | Irving Asher |
| Starring | Rhonda Fleming
Glenn Ford
Edmond O'Brien |
| Cinematography | Daniel Fapp |
| Edited by | Arthur P. Schmidt |
| Music by | David Buttolph |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * March 15, 1951 (1951-03-15) (Los Angeles) |
| Running time | 82 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $1.25 million (US rentals) |


title: Martha Bulloch Roosevelt

abstract: Martha Stewart "Mittie" Roosevelt was an American socialite. She was the mother of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandmother of Eleanor Roosevelt. She was a great-granddaughter of Archibald Bulloch, grandniece of William Bellinger Bulloch, and granddaughter of General Daniel Stewart. A true Southern belle raised in Georgia, Roosevelt is thought to have been one of the inspirations for Scarlett O'Hara.

text:
# Martha Bulloch Roosevelt

**Martha Stewart "Mittie" Roosevelt** (née **Bulloch**; July 8, 1835 – February 14, 1884) was an American socialite. She was the mother of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandmother of Eleanor Roosevelt. She was a great-granddaughter of Archibald Bulloch, grandniece of William Bellinger Bulloch, and granddaughter of General Daniel Stewart. A true Southern belle raised in Georgia, Roosevelt is thought to have been one of the inspirations for Scarlett O'Hara.

## Childhood

Mittie was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on July 8, 1835, to Georgia residents Major James Stephens Bulloch (1793–1849) and Martha "Patsy" Stewart (1799–1864). She had an elder sister, Anna Louisa Bulloch (1833–1893), and two younger brothers, Charles Irvine Bulloch (1838–1841) and Civil War Confederate veteran Irvine Stephens Bulloch (1842–1898).

Through her father's first marriage to Hester Amarintha "Hettie" Elliott (1797–1831), she had two elder half brothers:

Through her mother's first marriage to Senator John Elliott (father of Hettie), she also had four elder half siblings:

* Susan Ann Elliott (1820–1905)
* Georgia Amanda Elliott (1822–1848)
* Charles William Elliott (1824–1827)
* Daniel Stewart "Stuart" Elliott (1826–1861), who died of tuberculosis while serving in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.

When Mittie was three, Major Bulloch moved the family from Savannah, Georgia, to Cobb County in north Georgia and the new village that would become Roswell. It lies just north of the Chattahoochee River and the city of Atlanta, and Major Bulloch had gone there to become a partner in a new cotton mill with Roswell King, the town's founder. Bulloch had a mansion built, and, soon after it was completed in 1839, the family moved into Bulloch Hall. As a significant antebellum structure, it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Bullochs were a wealthy planter family, members of the Georgia elite. In 1850, they held 31 African-American slaves, most of whom worked in their cotton fields. Others were assigned to such domestic tasks as cooking, sewing and related work. Recent research in Bulloch records identified 33 enslaved black people who were owned by the family. They have been commemorated on a plaque on the mansion grounds.

Mittie, like all of her siblings, was assigned an enslaved child as her personal "shadow", to act as a companion. Mittie's companion, Lavinia, went everywhere with her, stopping outside the classroom when Mittie went inside, and sleeping on a mat by her side at night.

Mittie was a student at the South Carolina Female Collegiate Institute in Columbia, South Carolina.

After Major Bulloch's death in 1849, the family's fortunes declined somewhat, but Mittie was given a grand wedding to Theodore Roosevelt Sr. in 1853. Later, as was expected of young Southern gentlemen, Mittie's brothers Irvine and James fought in the Civil War as Confederate officers. They both lived in England after the war. Her half brother, Daniel Elliott, died early in the war from tuberculosis. It is believed by some that the character of Scarlett O'Hara, in Margaret Mitchell's novel, *Gone With the Wind*, was based partly on Mittie. Mitchell had, in fact, interviewed Mittie's closest childhood friend and bridesmaid, Evelyn King, for a story in the *Atlanta Journal* newspaper in the early 1920s. During that interview, Mittie's beauty, charm and fun-loving nature were described in detail.

## Marriage to Theodore Roosevelt Sr.

Mittie married Theodore Roosevelt Sr. on December 22, 1853, at the Greek Revival-style family mansion Bulloch Hall in Roswell; they were wedded in front of the pocket doors in the formal dining room.

After their honeymoon, the couple moved into their new home at 28 East 20th Street, New York, a wedding present from C.V.S. Roosevelt. Each of C.V.S.'s elder sons lived near his own house at 14th Street and Broadway in Union Square. Shortly afterward, her mother, Patsy, and sister, Anna Bulloch, moved north to join Theodore and Mittie in New York.

Mittie bore four children:

## Life after Roswell

During the war, Mittie was terrified for her brothers, Irvine and James. Irvine was the youngest officer on the CSS *Alabama*, firing the last gun before the ship sank in battle off the coast of Cherbourg, France, while James was a Confederate agent in England, Scotland and Wales. These emotional crises were mitigated somewhat by the maturity and management skills of Mittie's elder daughter, Bamie, who stepped into a leadership role at a young age, especially when her father, nicknamed "Thee", was out of town in Washington, visiting Lincoln and lobbying Congress for programs to support the Northern troops in the field and their families back home. "Thee", a Northerner himself, left his conflicted home situation to serve for the Union cause, acting as an Allotment Commissioner for New York and traveling to persuade soldiers to send a percentage of their wages to their families.

During her children's education, the family traveled to Europe, predominantly spending time in England, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and Germany from May 1869 to May 1870. They later went on an extended boat trip down the Nile, a trip through the Holy Land, and on to Vienna, Germany and France from October 1872 to November 1873. On this second tour, Theodore Sr. returned to America to go back to work and oversee the building of the new family home at Number 6 West 57th Street. The three youngest children stayed in Dresden, while Mittie and Bamie went to Paris and then the spa at Carlsbad so that Mittie could restore her health.

## Death

Mittie Roosevelt died of typhoid fever in the early morning of February 14, 1884, aged 48. On the afternoon of the same day and in the same house, Theodore's first wife, Alice Lee Roosevelt, unexpectedly died of Bright's disease. Alice Roosevelt Longworth, Mittie's granddaughter, had been born two days earlier. Mittie is buried at Green-Wood Cemetery located in Brooklyn, New York.

## Mittie described in her son's autobiography

In his autobiography published in 1913, her elder son Theodore described his mother with these words: "My mother, Martha Bulloch, was a sweet, gracious, beautiful Southern woman, a delightful companion and beloved by everybody. She was entirely 'unreconstructed' \[i.e., sympathetic to the Southern Confederate cause\] to the day of her death."

## Sources

### Primary sources

* Roosevelt, Theodore. *An Autobiography.* (1913)
* Huddleston, Connie M. and Gwendolyn I. Koehler. "Mittie & Thee: An 1853 Roosevelt Romance." (nonfiction) (2015)
* Huddleston, Connie M. and Gwendolyn I. Koehler. "Between the Wedding & the War: The Bulloch/Roosevelt Letters (1854–1860)" (2016)

### Secondary sources

## InfoBox

| Martha Bulloch Roosevelt | |
| --- | --- |
| Bulloch in 1857 | |
| Born | Martha Stewart Bulloch
(1835-07-08)July 8, 1835
Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | February 14, 1884(1884-02-14) (aged 48)
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | Socialite |
| Spouse | Theodore Roosevelt Sr.  (m. 1853; died 1878) |
| Children | Anna, Theodore Jr., Elliott, and Corinne |
| Parent(s) | James Stephens Bulloch
Martha Stewart |
| Family | See Roosevelt family |


title: NGC 659

abstract: NGC 659 is an open cluster in the Cassiopeia constellation. It was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783.

text:
# NGC 659

**NGC 659** is an open cluster in the Cassiopeia constellation. It was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783.

## InfoBox

| NGC 659 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Right ascension | 1h 44m 4s |
| Declination | +60° 40 |
| Distance | 8.2 kly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 7.9 |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 6.0 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mass | 105 to 106 |
| Radius | 7.5 |
| Estimated age | 20my |
| Other designations | NGC 659, Cr 19, OCL 332 |
| Associations | |
| Constellation | Cassiopeia |
|


title: Var (Olt)

abstract: The Var is a right tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It flows into the Olt in Siculeni, Harghita County. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 19 km⁲ (7.3 sq mi).

text:
# Var (Olt)

The **Var** is a right tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It flows into the Olt in Siculeni, Harghita County. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Var | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Harghita County |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Olt |
| location | Siculeni |
| coordinates | 46°26′21″N 25°45′13″E / 46.4391°N 25.7536°E / 46.4391; 25.7536 |
| Length | 11 km (6.8 mi) |
| Basin size | 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | OltDanubeBlack Sea |


title: W.Z. Fenyang

abstract: Walton Zacharias Fenyang was a South African politician. He was a central figure of the political establishment of Thaba Nchu as an independent reserve in South Africa. He was one of the Barolong members of the Thaba Nchu board.

text:
# W.Z. Fenyang

**Walton Zacharias Fenyang** (W.Z. Fenyang) was a South African politician. He was a central figure of the political establishment of Thaba Nchu as an independent reserve in South Africa. He was one of the Barolong members of the Thaba Nchu board.

## Early life

Walton Zacharias Fenyang was the grandchild of the leader of the Barolong, Chief Tshipinare. Fenyang was educated in Healdtown. He later became chief of the Barolong subgroup of the Tswana people. Fenyang owned a farm at Rietfontein in the Thaba 'Nchu reserve. Fenyang had a close association with Sol Plaatje and was one of Ellen Kuzwayo's grandfathers’ friends who lived close to the farm from which Kuzwayo and her family were forcibly removed.

## Career

In 1913, Fenyang formed part of the African National Congress delegation which met with the Minister of Native Affairs to reject the proposed Land Act. He was an early treasurer of the ANC and he served as provincial ANC president in Orange Free State. Fenyang established a weekly newspaper from Bloemfontein called the *Messenger Morumioa* in the 1920s which circulated for two years in Orange Free State and northern Transvaal. Fenyang, J. Nyoong and Reverend J. Goronyane funded *Tsala ea Becoana* which was a political, non-partisan newspaper covering current affairs and opinion pieces. It was edited by Sol Plaatje.

## Legacy

The land on which the old Moroka Hospital building was built was donated by W.Z Fenyang and James Moroka. The hospital is a government hospital and serves the Thaba 'Nchu region.


title: W. & J. Sloane

abstract: W. & J. Sloane,, was a chain of furniture stores that originated from a luxury furniture and rug store in New York City that catered to the prominent, including the White House and the Breakers, and wealthy, including the Rockefeller, Whitney, and Vanderbilt families. After a long period of prosperity, nationwide expansion and prominence, the firm went through a short period of decline and was forced to file for bankruptcy in 1985.

text:
# W. & J. Sloane

**W. & J. Sloane**, (**W&J Sloane**, **Sloane's**), was a chain of furniture stores that originated from a luxury furniture and rug store in New York City that catered to the prominent, including the White House and the Breakers, and wealthy, including the Rockefeller, Whitney, and Vanderbilt families.

After a long period of prosperity, nationwide expansion and prominence, the firm went through a short period of decline and was forced to file for bankruptcy in 1985.

## History

On March 2, 1843, the company was founded as a rug importer and seller by William Sloane, who had just emigrated from Kilmarnock, Scotland, a town famous for expensive furniture, fine carpets and rugs. Its teak and jute resources came from East Bengal (present day Bangladesh). In 1852, his younger brother John W. Sloane joined the firm, upon which it was renamed W. & J. Sloane, followed by William's son William D. Sloane. It was the first company to import oriental carpets into the United States. It soon expanded to include furniture and other home furnishings, and quickly became the choice of the elite in New York.

In 1875, Sloane's established an outlet for the import of carpets and home furnishings in San Francisco.

In the late 19th century, the company added an antiques department, started producing furniture, and became the first home furnishings store in the country, billing itself as "W. & J. Sloane Interior Decorators and Home Furnishers." Its flagship store was originally located at Broadway and 19th Street, in "Ladies' Mile", relocating later to 414 Fifth Avenue at 38th Street, the former flagship of Franklin Simon & Co.

### Taste-setter for America

In 1891, W. & J. Sloane incorporated and set the national decorating taste of the United States, and over the next sixty years decorated the homes of the most prominent people in the country, including the Breakers and the White House, created Hollywood movie sets, and even designed and decorated interiors of automobiles. It opened a branch in San Francisco, California originally to furnish pavilions at the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition (it also furnished the model homes at the 1939 New York World's Fair). It later acquired other upscale firms such as the **California Furniture Company**, and in 1925 a subsidiary, the **Company of Master Craftsmen** was founded by William Sloane Coffin Sr. (the father of Rev. William Sloane Coffin) to create colonial revival furniture.

### San Francisco

In March 1909, Sloane's moved from Van Ness and Market and the next month held the grand opening of its grand new, 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m2), 9-story Gothic/Renaissance-style flagship store near Union Square at 216–228 (now 222) Sutter Street, designed by Reid & Reid, which still bears the W. & J. Sloane sign as part of its cladding.

### Washington, D.C.

In March 1926, Sloane's moved its small Washington, D.C. store on H Street near the White House into much larger quarters at 708–12 12th St. near G St., site of a present-day Macy's in the F Street shopping district. It would later move again to Connecticut Avenue in the Dupont Circle.

### Los Angeles stores

In 1928, it acquired the California Furniture Company and converted its store at the Joseph E. Carr Building, 644–6 S. Broadway in Downtown Los Angeles, built in 1908-9 and designed by architect Robert Brown Young, to the W. & J. Sloane Los Angeles store. The building would later (1947–1980) serve as the second downtown flagship of local clothing chain Harris & Frank. In 1935 it closed and moved to the then-new upscale shopping district, Beverly Hills. The building at 9536 Wilshire Boulevard on the corner of Rodeo Drive would later house a branch of Los Angeles-based Haggarty's Furniture, and from 1972 to 1987, Bonwit Teller. Sloane's first Beverly Hills location was so successful that it soon moved to larger quarters next door, which would become a Gumps after Sloane's demise.

During World War II the company worked with the Newport News Company and the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company on shipbuilding contracts for the United States Navy fitting out the interiors of liberty ships under the direction of John Sloane Griswold.

### Suburban expansion

In 1955, after a three-year internal struggle, control of the firm left the hands of a direct descendant of the Sloanes when Benjamin Coates, 37, was elected president. This meant the ouster of president W.E.S. Griswold Jr. and chairman of the board John D. Sloane, both grandsons of the founders. Coates was a financier who married John D. Sloane's daughter in 1944 and served on the board. Along with the City Stores Company syndicate, he bought up 70% of the stock to win control and become head of the firm.

After the store left family hands, further growth over the decades was characterized as "over-expansion" while Sloane's lowered the price and quality of its goods during this period. Sloane's opened New York City-area suburban US branches in Garden City, Manhasset, on Post Road in White Plains, Fashion Center in Paramus, Short Hills, Red Bank, Fox Pavilion in Jenkintown, PA outside Philadelphia, and in Connecticut at Ridgeway Center in Stamford as well as in Hartford, for an eventual total of 15.

### Decline

City Stores was forced to file for bankruptcy in 1979 so that it could "continue operating while it works out a plan to pay its creditors."

Sloane's was then acquired by Hollywood-based RB Furniture in 1981. The chain closed its 38th Street store in 1984, and filed for bankruptcy on September 11, 1985. Its remaining stores were sold in 1986.

## Legacy

The company generated considerable wealth for the direct descendants of William and John Sloane, who include in addition to Rev. Coffin, diplomat Cyrus Vance, attorney Cyrus Vance Jr., musical producer John H. Hammond, his son, musician John P. Hammond, and philanthropist Emily Thorn Vanderbilt Sloane. It also brought the Sloane family into prominence in New York City, where they intermarried with the Whitneys, the Vanderbilts, and the Pynes. Employees who worked for the firm include the American cooking icon Julia Child (then Julia McWilliams), whose first job out of Smith College in October 1935 was Assistant to the New York Advertising Manager, A. W. Forester. Other notables include the Bevelacqua brothers: Salvatore and Aurelio, who designed under the Sloane banner before their respective success in furniture design.

## InfoBox

W. & J. Sloane
|
|  |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | March 7, 1843 |
| Defunct | September 11, 1985 |
| Fate | Bankruptcy |
| Headquarters | New York City, U.S. |
| Key people | William Sloane, founder
William D. Sloane, treasurer |
| Products | Rugs and home furnishings |
| Parent | City Stores Company (starting in 1955) |


title: WQTE

abstract: WQTE is a radio station in Adrian, Michigan, broadcasting a country music format. The station is live and local during the day on weekdays, and airs a satellite format from ABC Radio called "Country Coast-to-Coast" the remainder of the time. The station originally signed on as WABJ-FM in 1976, nearly immediately becoming WQTE. The station's original format was beautiful music, changing to country sometime in the early 1980s. The station remains co-owned with WABJ. For several years, WQTE has referred to itself as "Q95 Country," presumably to avoid confusion with adjacent-channel WKQI 95.5 FM in Detroit, which called itself "Q95" for many years and serves the northeastern part of WQTE's listening area. The WQTE calls were originally used by what is now WRDT AM 560 in Monroe, Michigan from 1959 to 1974.

text:
# WQTE

**WQTE** (95.3 FM, "Q-95 Country") is a radio station in Adrian, Michigan, broadcasting a country music format. The station is live and local during the day on weekdays, and airs a satellite format from ABC Radio called "Country Coast-to-Coast" (known on air as "Today's Best Country") the remainder of the time.

The station originally signed on as WABJ-FM in 1976, nearly immediately becoming WQTE. The station's original format was beautiful music, changing to country sometime in the early 1980s. The station remains co-owned with WABJ (1490 AM). For several years, WQTE has referred to itself as "Q95 Country," presumably to avoid confusion with adjacent-channel WKQI 95.5 FM in Detroit, which called itself "Q95" for many years and serves the northeastern part of WQTE's listening area.

The WQTE calls were originally used by what is now WRDT AM 560 in Monroe, Michigan from 1959 to 1974 (later WHND and WLLZ).

## Sources

41°48′14″N 84°05′24″W / 41.804°N 84.090°W / 41.804; -84.090

## InfoBox

WQTE
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Jackson, Michigan and Toledo, Ohio |
| Frequency | 95.3 MHz |
| Branding | Q95 Country |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Bud Walters * (Southeast Michigan Media, Inc.) |
| Sister stations | WABJ |
| History | |
| Former call signs | WABJ-FM |
| Call sign meaning | **QTE** = cutie (meaning of calls when used at AM 560 in Monroe/Detroit) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 22649 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,000 watts |
| HAAT | 91 meters (299 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: NK Špansko

abstract: NK Špansko is a Croatian football club based in the city of Zagreb, founded in 1958. It used to be one of the strongest second division teams in Croatia, but as of 2021/22 was playing in the fourth Croatian league.

text:
# NK Špansko

**NK Špansko** is a Croatian football club based in the city of Zagreb, founded in 1958. It used to be one of the strongest second division teams in Croatia, but as of 2021/22 was playing in the fourth Croatian league.

## Colors and club badge

NK Špansko colors are red and white. Red uniforms are usually for home matches.

## InfoBox

NK Špansko
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Nogometni klub Špansko |
| Founded | 16 February 1958 (1958-02-16) |
| Ground | SRC Špansko |
| Capacity | 1,000 |
| Manager | Mihovil Vukelić |
| League | 3. HNL |
| 2017–18 | Treća HNL West, 13th |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Guten Tag

abstract: “Guten Tag” is a 2002 song by German band Wir sind Helden. It was first released on an EP of the same title in 2002 and one year later as the first single of their debut album Die Reklamation. It was composed by Jean-Michel Tourette, Judith Holofernes and Pola Roy while the lyrics were written by Holofernes. The title is German for good day.

text:
# Guten Tag

**“Guten Tag”** is a 2002 song by German band Wir sind Helden. It was first released on an EP of the same title in 2002 and one year later as the first single of their debut album *Die Reklamation*. It was composed by Jean-Michel Tourette, Judith Holofernes and Pola Roy while the lyrics were written by Holofernes. The title is German for **good day**.

## Song information

“Guten Tag” criticises commodification. In the lyrics, Holofernes tells a story in which she was blinded by the glittering world of consumption making her want everything she sees and changing her life for them (*“Meine Stimme gegen ein Mobiltelefon, meine Fäuste gegen eure Nagelpflegelotion.../My voice for a mobile phone, my fists for your manicure lotion...”*). These statements are all paradoxes as she always offers parts of her body or life she would need to have to use the products she demands. However, in the refrain, she soon realises that all these things do not make her happy after all which makes her demand her life back (*“An dem Produkt ist was kaputt - das ist die Reklamation/There is something wrong with this product - this is the complaint”*). “The complaint” would also be the title of the album the single is taken from. Informally, the song itself is also referred to by this name.

### Excerpt

*Guten Tag, guten Tag ich will mein Leben zurück*
*Ich tausch nicht mehr, ich will mein Leben zurück*
*Guten Tag, ich gebe zu ich war am Anfang entzückt*
*Aber euer Leben zwickt und drückt nur dann nicht wenn man sich bückt*
*Guten Tag!*

#### English translation

*Hello, hello, I want my life back*
*I'm not swapping any more, I want my life back*
*Hello, I'll admit at first I was delighted*
*But your life itches and twitches unless you bend over*
*Hello!*

## Music video

The music video does not directly reflect the content of the song but shows the band's way to the first album in an ironic way. The whole clip is shown as a comic strip and at the beginning it presents Wir sind Helden as a teen band (their ages are indicated as 16, 18, 14) during their rehearsals. Judith announces that she has just written a song, which is “Guten Tag” and the other band members love it. While the band plays the music, a stereotyped record producer enters the room saying “That is fresh!” while he thinks “Criticism of consumption + sex = €”. He offers them a record contract but they first turn it down (Mark Tavassol says “The music industry sucks”). Later, they accept it after all getting blinded by their expectations of the show business. The music video can be seen as an answer to the critics who stated that criticism of commodification is never authentic when commercially released.

## Commercial success

The single entered the German single charts where it peaked at number 53. It stayed in the top 100 for eight weeks. However, based on the high album sales, “Guten Tag” received heavy airplay in Germany. Based on chart positions, it is the third most successful single of the band's debut album (following “Denkmal” and “Aurélie”). The single did not chart in any other country.

It also appeared in the soundtrack of the game FIFA 04. A French version, named "Guten Tag (La Réclamation)" was recorded for the compilation album Wir sind Helden released in France in 2006. A music video of this version was also released.

## Track list

The regular single included the original studio version of the song, a remix, the music video and a making of video. Furthermore, a remix of another album track - “Die Zeit heilt alle Wunder” - was included. The EP included also the follow-up singles “Müssen nur wollen” and “Denkmal” as well as the album track “Du erkennst mich nicht wieder” and the non-album track “Alphamännchen”.

### EP

1. “Guten Tag” – 3:36
2. “Müssen nur wollen” – 3:35
3. “Du erkennst mich nicht wieder” – 4:56
4. “Denkmal” – 3:18
5. “Alphamännchen”

### Single

1. “Guten Tag” – 3:36
2. “Guten Tag (Ich bin Jean) ” – 4:22
3. “Die Zeit heilt alle Wunder” (Homerecording, extended Aaaaaargh-version) – 4:45
4. “Guten Tag” (video)
5. “Guten Tag” (making of)

## Reception

Overall, “Guten Tag” was a success with the critics. Most of them compared the song to German music of the 1980s (“Neue Deutsche Welle” and praised the clever and original lyrics. However, some critics stated that the anti-commercial content of the song is not very authentic as it never can be on a commercially released album or single.

An English version of Guten Tag was recorded in 2007 by the band +44. The meaning is relayed the same however the lyrics have been changed for a better North American reception.

## Credits and personnel

* Produced, recorded and mixed by Patrik Majer
* Vocals and guitar by Judith Holofernes
* Bass guitar by Mark Tavassol
* Keyboards by Jean-Michel Tourette
* Drums by Pola Roy

## InfoBox

| "Guten Tag" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Wir sind Helden | |
| from the album  *Die Reklamation* | |
| Released | November 18, 2002 (EP)
February 3, 2003 (single) |
| Recorded | 2002 |
| Studio | Freundenhaus, Berlin |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:36 |
| Label | EMI |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Patrik Majer |
| Wir sind Helden singles chronology | |
| "**Guten Tag**"
(2002) "Müssen Nur Wollen"
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Audio sample | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| EP cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Foliation (geology)

abstract: Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. The word comes from the Latin folium, meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. It is caused by shearing forces, or differential pressure. The layers form parallel to the direction of the shear, or perpendicular to the direction of higher pressure. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are typically formed in the absence of significant differential pressure or shear. Foliation is common in rocks affected by the regional metamorphic compression typical of areas of mountain belt formation. More technically, foliation is any penetrative planar fabric present in metamorphic rocks. Rocks exhibiting foliation include the standard sequence formed by the prograde metamorphism of mudrocks; slate, phyllite, schist and gneiss. The slatey cleavage typical of slate is due to the preferred orientation of microscopic phyllosilicate crystals. In gneiss, the foliation is more typically represented by compositional banding due to segregation of mineral phases. Foliated rock is also known as S-tectonite in sheared rock masses. Examples include the bands in gneiss, a preferred orientation of planar large mica flakes in schist (schistosity), the preferred orientation of small mica flakes in phyllite, the extremely fine grained preferred orientation of clay flakes in slate, and the layers of flattened, smeared, pancake-like clasts in metaconglomerate.

text:
# Foliation (geology)

**Foliation** in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. The word comes from the Latin *folium*, meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. It is caused by shearing forces (pressures pushing different sections of the rock in different directions), or differential pressure (higher pressure from one direction than in others). The layers form parallel to the direction of the shear, or perpendicular to the direction of higher pressure. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are typically formed in the absence of significant differential pressure or shear. Foliation is common in rocks affected by the regional metamorphic compression typical of areas of mountain belt formation (orogenic belts).

More technically, foliation is any penetrative planar fabric present in metamorphic rocks. Rocks exhibiting foliation include the standard sequence formed by the prograde metamorphism of mudrocks; slate, phyllite, schist and gneiss. The *slatey cleavage* typical of slate is due to the preferred orientation of microscopic phyllosilicate crystals. In gneiss, the foliation is more typically represented by compositional banding due to segregation of mineral phases. Foliated rock is also known as S-tectonite in sheared rock masses.

Examples include the bands in gneiss (gneissic banding), a preferred orientation of planar *large* mica flakes in schist (schistosity), the preferred orientation of *small* mica flakes in phyllite (with its planes having a silky sheen, called *phylitic luster* – the Greek word, *phyllon*, also means "leaf"), the extremely fine grained preferred orientation of clay flakes in slate (called "slaty cleavage"), and the layers of flattened, smeared, pancake-like clasts in metaconglomerate.

## Formation mechanisms

Foliation is usually formed by the preferred orientation of minerals within a rock.

Usually, this is the result of some physical force and its effect on the growth of minerals. The planar fabric of a foliation typically forms at right angles to the maximum principal stress direction. In sheared zones, however, planar fabric within a rock may not be directly perpendicular to the principal stress direction due to rotation, mass transport, and shortening.

Foliation may be formed by realignment of micas and clays via physical rotation of the minerals within the rock. Often this foliation is associated with diagenetic metamorphism and low-grade burial metamorphism. Foliation may parallel original sedimentary bedding, but more often is oriented at some angle to it.

The growth of platy minerals, typically of the mica group, is usually a result of prograde metamorphic reactions during deformation. Often, retrograde metamorphism will not form a foliation because the unroofing of a metamorphic belt is not accompanied by significant compressive stress. Thermal metamorphism in the aureole of a granite is also unlikely to result in the growth of mica in a foliation, although the growth of new minerals may overprint existing foliation(s).

Alignment of tabular minerals in metamorphic rocks, igneous rocks and intrusive rocks may form a foliation. Typical examples of metamorphic rocks include porphyroblastic schists where large, oblate minerals form an alignment either due to growth or rotation in the groundmass.

Igneous rocks can become foliated by alignment of cumulate crystals during convection in large magma chambers, especially ultramafic intrusions, and typically plagioclase laths. Granite may form foliation due to frictional drag on viscous magma by the wall rocks. Lavas may preserve a flow foliation, or even compressed eutaxitic texture, typically in highly viscous felsic agglomerate, welded tuff and pyroclastic surge deposits.

Metamorphic differentiation, typical of gneisses, is caused by chemical and compositional banding within the metamorphic rock mass. Usually, this represents the protolith chemistry, which forms distinct mineral assemblages. However, compositional banding can be the result of nucleation processes which cause chemical and mineralogical differentiation into bands. This typically follows the same principle as mica growth, perpendicular to the principal stress. Metamorphic differentiation can be present at angles to protolith compositional banding.

*Crenulation cleavage* and *oblique foliation* are particular types of foliation.

## Interpretation

Foliation, as it forms generally perpendicular to the direction of principal stress, records the direction of shortening. This is related to the axis of folds, which generally form an *axial-planar* foliation within their axial regions.

Measurement of the intersection between a fold's axial plane and a surface on the fold will provide the fold plunge. If a foliation does not match the observed plunge of a fold, it is likely associated with a different deformation event.

Foliation in areas of shearing, and within the plane of thrust faults, can provide information on the transport direction or sense of movement on the thrust or shear. Generally, the acute intersection angle shows the direction of transport. Foliations typically bend or curve into a shear, which provides the same information, if it is of a scale which can be observed.

Foliations, in a regional sense, will tend to curve around rigid, incompressible bodies such as granite. Thus, they are not always 'planar' in the strictest sense and may violate the rule of being perpendicular to the regional stress field, due to local influences. This is a megascopic version of what may occur around porphyroblasts. Often, fine observation of foliations on outcrop, hand specimen and on the microscopic scale complements observations on a map or regional scale.

## Description

When describing a foliation it is useful to note

* the mineralogy of the folia; this can provide information on the conditions of formation
* the mineralogy in intrafolial areas
* foliation spacing
* any porphyroblasts or minerals associated with the foliation and whether they overprint it or are cut by it
* whether it is planar, undulose, vague or well developed
* its orientation in space, as strike and dip, or dip and dip direction
* its relationship to other foliations, to bedding and any folding
* measure intersection lineations

Following such a methodology allows eventual correlations in style, metamorphic grade, and intensity throughout a region, relationship to faults, shears, structures and mineral assemblages.

## Engineering considerations

In geotechnical engineering, a foliation plane may introduce anisotropy of stress, which is a vital consideration for geotechnical engineers. At some point, this foliation may form a discontinuity that may greatly influence the mechanical behavior (strength, deformation, etc.) of rock masses in, for example, tunnel, foundation, or slope construction.

1. Marshak, Stephen, *Essentials of Geology,* W. W. Norton 3rd Ed, 2009 ISBN 978-0393196566
* Blatt, Harvey and Tracy, Robert J.; 1996, *Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic*, 2nd ed., p. 359-360, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-2438-3
* Vernon, Ron H., 2004, *A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure*, Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-521-89133-7


title: Every Day (2010 film)

abstract: Every Day is a 2010 comedy-drama film written and directed by Richard Levine and starring Liev Schreiber, Helen Hunt, Carla Gugino, Eddie Izzard, Ezra Miller, and Brian Dennehy.

text:
# Every Day (2010 film)

***Every Day*** is a 2010 comedy-drama film written and directed by Richard Levine and starring Liev Schreiber, Helen Hunt, Carla Gugino, Eddie Izzard, Ezra Miller, and Brian Dennehy.

## Synopsis

Ned (Schrieber) is a man under pressure. As a scriptwriter, his boss (Izzard) is pushing him to add extra shocks into his latest project. As a husband, he is coping with his stressed out wife (Hunt) and her sick, alcoholic father (Dennehy). As a father, he is worried about his gay son (Miller) coming out, and watching his youngest (Fortgang) spiral into perfectionism-induced anxiety. When he is assigned a provocative free spirit (Gugino) as a writing partner, he is forced to examine whether the life he has is really the life he wants.

## Cast

## Reception

*Every Day* was an official selection for the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival, where it was met with lukewarm reviews. Adam Keleman of Slant Magazine called the film "a quaint but inane portrait of a modern-day Big Apple family". Stephen Holden of the New York Times said the film is very well written and acted.

### Box office

*Every Day* was released in theaters on January 11, 2011. At its widest release, the film was only shown in four theaters, and grossed $46,209, far below its $3 million production budget.

### Critical response

*Every Day* received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 34% based on reviews from 32 critics. At Metacritic the film received a score of 48 based on reviews from 12 critics.

## Home media

*Every Day* was released on DVD on March 8, 2011.

## InfoBox

| Every Day | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Richard Levine |
| Written by | Richard Levine |
| Produced by | Miranda Bailey
Matthew Leutwyler |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Nancy Schreiber |
| Edited by | Pat Wise |
| Music by | Jeanine Tesori |
| Production
companies | Ambush Entertainment
Cold Iron Pictures |
| Distributed by | Image Entertainment |
| Release dates | * April 24, 2010 (2010-04-24) (Tribeca) * January 24, 2011 (2011-01-24) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $3 million |
| Box office | $46,029 |


title: Every Day's a Holiday (song)

abstract: "Every Day's a Holiday" is a song written by Sam Coslow and Barry Trivers. The song was recorded by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra on Brunswick Records in 1938. The song was released as a Brunswick 78 single, 8071, backed with "Sweet Stranger", in January, 1938 by Glenn Miller and his Orchestra which reached number 17 on Billboard, staying on the charts for one week. The vocals were by Kathleen Lane. The song was featured in the 1937 Paramount Pictures film Every Day's a Holiday sung by Mae West.

text:
# Every Day's a Holiday (song)

"**Every Day's a Holiday**" is a song written by Sam Coslow and Barry Trivers. The song was recorded by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra on Brunswick Records in 1938.

The song was released as a Brunswick 78 single, 8071, backed with "Sweet Stranger", in January, 1938 by Glenn Miller and his Orchestra which reached number 17 on *Billboard*, staying on the charts for one week. The vocals were by Kathleen Lane.

The song was featured in the 1937 Paramount Pictures film *Every Day's a Holiday* sung by Mae West.

### Sources

* Flower, John (1972). Moonlight Serenade: a bio-discography of the Glenn Miller Civilian Band. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House. ISBN 0-87000-161-2.
* Miller, Glenn (1943). Glenn Miller's Method for Orchestral Arranging. New York: Mutual Music Society. ASIN: B0007DMEDQ
* Simon, George Thomas (1980). Glenn Miller and His Orchestra. New York: Da Capo paperback. ISBN 0-306-80129-9.
* Simon, George Thomas (1971). Simon Says. New York: Galahad. ISBN 0-88365-001-0.
* Schuller, Gunther (1991). Volume 2 of The Swing Era:the Development of Jazz, 1930–1945 /. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507140-9.


title: Execution of Antonio James

abstract: Antonio G. James was an American murderer. He was tried and executed in Louisiana for the murder of Henry Silver. James claims to have not been the murderer in the event and held that conviction to his death. This case is notable not for any unusual or intrinsic aspect, but for being one of the few such cases that ever comes to the attention of the general public. Like the case of Edward Earl Johnson whose last days on death row in Mississippi were filmed for the BBC in 1987 as Fourteen Days in May, this case came to light precisely because it was so ordinary, and was seen to be so. To some it demonstrated the need for capital punishment to protect the public from such dangerous people. To others it demonstrated the inhumanity of death row. Whatever conclusions were reached, this case remains one of the few such cases in the public domain that does not involve a celebrity perpetrator or victim, and so reminds all concerned of nature of most capital cases in the United States.

text:
# Execution of Antonio James

**Antonio G. James** (c. 1954 – March 1, 1996) was an American murderer. He was tried and executed in Louisiana for the murder of Henry Silver. James claims to have not been the murderer in the event and held that conviction to his death. This case is notable not for any unusual or intrinsic aspect, but for being one of the few such cases that ever comes to the attention of the general public.

Like the case of Edward Earl Johnson whose last days on death row in Mississippi were filmed for the BBC in 1987 as *Fourteen Days in May*, this case came to light precisely because it was so ordinary, and was seen to be so. To some it demonstrated the need for capital punishment to protect the public from such dangerous people. To others it demonstrated the inhumanity of death row. Whatever conclusions were reached, this case remains one of the few such cases in the public domain that does not involve a celebrity perpetrator or victim, and so reminds all concerned of nature of most capital cases in the United States.

## Prior criminal history

James had amassed a very extensive juvenile and criminal record by the time he was tried for the murder of Silver. The post-sentence investigation report prepared for the sentencing court listed 37 juvenile incidents. James was ordered confined to the Louisiana Training Institute at age 14. In 1973, he was convicted of attempted armed robbery and sentenced to serve three years at the state penitentiary. During this period of confinement, he was convicted of attempted simple escape. He was released in 1975. In 1978, he was charged with aggravated rape, but the charge was later refused by the prosecution. James was convicted of the January 23, 1979, first degree murder of Alvin Adams and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was convicted of the January 26, 1979, armed robbery of Robert Hooten and was sentenced to 99 years for this offense, the maximum under Louisiana law.

## Murder of Henry Silver

On January 1, 1979, James approached 70-year-old Henry Silver as the latter was getting out of his car in his neighborhood in New Orleans. James placed a gun to Silver's head and demanded his money. When Silver shouted for help, James placed the gun under Silver's right ear, cocked the hammer, and fired a shot into Silver's head. James then rifled through Silver's pockets and removed his wallet containing $35. He drove away in a nearby waiting car. Silver died a few hours later at Charity Hospital. James was arrested on January 26, 1979, when he bungled another armed robbery attempt and was shot with his own gun. He was indicted for first degree murder. According to James's testimony, he was not alone during either of these two robberies, and had not held onto the gun. He claimed that the other two men fired the shots on these men while he just stood there.

## Trial

He was indicted for first degree murder by an Orleans Parish Grand Jury. In December 1981, a jury found him guilty as charged at a trial where the principal witness against James was his accomplice, Levon Price. After deliberation, the same jury unanimously recommended that the defendant be sentenced to death.

## Execution

On March 1, 1996, James was executed by lethal injection at the Louisiana State Penitentiary at the age of 42. The execution team had difficulty locating a vein to insert the catheter into his arm in order to commence the execution. Warden Burl Cain requested that James make a fist in order to assist the process. James complied in this request.

James declined to give a final statement. However, Warden Cain later said that James stated "Bless you", as he was strapped to the execution gurney. His last meal was fried oysters and crab gumbo.

James's execution was the subject of an ABC News documentary on *Prime Time Live*. In the UK the BBC broadcast a 40-minute piece on 18 April 1996 on Radio 4 about this case, with particular reference to the role of the British lawyer Clive Stafford Smith in providing adequate defence for such cases.


title: Magic Lines

abstract: Magic Lines is a 1990 puzzle video game developed by Tale Software and published by Thalion Software for the Amiga and Atari ST.

text:
# Magic Lines

***Magic Lines*** is a 1990 puzzle video game developed by Tale Software and published by Thalion Software for the Amiga and Atari ST.

## Gameplay

*Magic Lines* is a sliding puzzle game where the player must place water pipes within a time limit on a 5x5 grid to create a path for a red spark to travel.

## Reception

*Aktueller Software Markt* compared the game to *Super Pipeline* and *Block Hole*, and called the game unoriginal but well staged and fun. *Power Play* said the same concept is done better in the Game Boy game, *Blodia*. *Amiga-Magazin* compared the game to *Pipe Mania* and thought the game was too difficult. *Joystick* also compared it to *Pipe Mania* and said the game will appeal to fans of puzzle games. *ST Format* liked the graphics and sound but said the gameplay is frustrating.

## InfoBox

| Magic Lines | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Tale Software |
| Publisher(s) | Thalion Software |
| Platform(s) | Amiga, Atari ST |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Evelyn Rose

abstract: Evelyn Rose MBE was an Anglo-Jewish cookery writer. Her magnum opus on Jewish cuisine, the Complete International Jewish Cookbook was published in 1976, and has been revised three times since, most recently in 2011. Her obituary in The Guardian described her singular accomplishment as the melding of "contemporary cooking with Jewish dietary laws, regulations that not only prohibit the use of pig meat and shellfish, but also the mixing of dairy products with meat". Evelyn Rose was also "highly aware of the changes in culinary trends, particularly the move away from the fatty foods so typical of traditional Jewish cooking ... her modern, health-conscious recipes exemplified the changes that had taken place over her long career."

text:
# Evelyn Rose

**Evelyn Rose** MBE (2 December 1925 – 18 May 2003) was an Anglo-Jewish cookery writer. Her magnum opus on Jewish cuisine, the *Complete International Jewish Cookbook* was published in 1976, and has been revised three times since, most recently in 2011.

Her obituary in *The Guardian* described her singular accomplishment as the melding of "contemporary cooking with Jewish dietary laws, regulations that not only prohibit the use of pig meat and shellfish, but also the mixing of dairy products with meat". Evelyn Rose was also "highly aware of the changes in culinary trends, particularly the move away from the fatty foods so typical of traditional Jewish cooking ... her modern, health-conscious recipes exemplified the changes that had taken place over her long career."

## Career

Rose was evacuated to the United States, and her school in Seattle provided a home-economics course; it was this experience that started her on the way to a career in cooking and food writing. On her return to Britain, she declined the offer of a university place to study psychology, and attended the Manchester College of Housecraft, where she specialised in demonstration techniques. Her television work started in the 1950s, when she wrote to the BBC suggesting a course in Jewish cookery and she later became the resident cook for Granada Television in the 1970s.

Rose was the first woman commissioner at the Meat and Livestock Commission, and was made an MBE in 1989. She was also an honorary life fellow of the Institute of Home Economics, and a former chair of the National Guild of Food Writers. Rose wrote a weekly food column for the *Jewish Chronicle* from 1963, succeeding Florence Greenberg, never missing a single issue, and also wrote a food column for the wine magazine, *Decanter*.

## Personal life

Born in Manchester, Rose lived in the city all her life except for the four years she spent in the United States as an evacuee. Evelyn Rose was survived by her husband Myer, whom she married in 1948. Myer and Evelyn had three children; sons David and Alan, and a daughter, Judi. During her time in the United States Rose worked as a secretary at the MGM studios in California. She was invited to audition for the lead role in *National Velvet*, which was won by Elizabeth Taylor.

Judi assisted her mother with the writing of her column and books in her later years, and produced the third revised edition of *The Complete International Jewish Cookbook* in 2011 following two years work. Judi and her mother also wrote *The First-Time Cookbook* in 1982 for children leaving home, and *Mother and Daughter Jewish Cooking* in 2000.

## Bibliography

* *The Jewish Home* (1969)
* *The Complete International Jewish Cookbook* (1976)
* *More Recipes from "Look North"* (1977)
* *The Entertaining Cookbook* (1981)
* *Jewish Cookery with Magimix* (1981)
* *Round the Year with Rakusens* (1981)
* *The New Jewish Cuisine* (1988)
* *Evelyn Rose Goes Microwave In the Jewish Kitchen* (1989)
* *The Essential Jewish Festival Cookbook* (2000, ISBN 978-1-86105-303-9)

**With Sula Leon**

* *Masterclass for Creative Cooks* (1992)
* *Weekend Cook: 100 Simple and Sensational Recipes for the Cook in a Hurry* (1994)

**With Judi Rose**

* *The First-Time Cookbook* (1982)
* *Mother and Daughter Jewish Cooking: Two Generations of Jewish Women Share Traditional and Contemporary Recipes* (2000, ISBN 978-0-688-16451-5)
* *The New Complete International Jewish Cookbook* (2011, ISBN 978-1-86205-908-5)


title: Evelyn Robins Abbott

abstract: Evelyn Robins Abbott, CIE was an administrator in British India. A member of the Indian Civil Service, he was Chief Commissioner of Delhi from 1924 until 1926.

text:
# Evelyn Robins Abbott

**Evelyn Robins Abbott**, CIE (9 May 1873 – 7 May 1950) was an administrator in British India. A member of the Indian Civil Service, he was Chief Commissioner of Delhi from 1924 until 1926.

## Life

He was born at Derby, the son of the civil engineer Sam Abbott, and was educated at Bath College. He matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford in 1891.

In 1909, Abbott married Lillian, daughter of William Ovens Clark; they had two sons and three daughters. After returning to England, he served as chairman of the Wallingford Rural District Council from 1939 until his death and was a member of the Berkshire County Council from 1939 to 1946.

* "Obituary", *The Daily Telegraph*, 10 May 1950, p. 3
* "Mr E. R. Abbott", *The Times*, 10 May 1950, p. 8

## InfoBox

| Evelyn Robins AbbottCIE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chief Commissioner of Delhi | |
| **In office**<br>1924–1926 | |
| Preceded by | Claud Alexander Barron |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Stow |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya is a university established through The Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya Act, 2013 in the State of Assam, India in 2013. The university is located in Nagaon and is named after him.

text:
# Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya

**Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya**  is a university established through *The Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya Act, 2013* in the State of Assam, India in 2013. The university is located in Nagaon and is named after him.

## Departments

The university comprises the following departments:

In Nagaon campus In Guwahati campus

26°20′57″N 92°40′52″E / 26.34923°N 92.68121°E / 26.34923; 92.68121

## InfoBox

Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2013 (2013) |
| Chancellor | Bhabendra Nath Deka |
| Vice-Chancellor | Dr. Mridul Hazarika |
| Location | Nagaon, Assam, India |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Affiliations | UGC |
| Website | mssv.ac.in |


title: The Aces (rock and roll band)

abstract: The Aces are a long-standing rock and roll band from Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, who have been playing for well over fifty years. At the height of their success in the 1960s they supported both The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, as well as releasing singles in the UK and U.S.

text:
# The Aces (rock and roll band)

**The Aces** are a long-standing rock and roll band from Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, who have been playing for well over fifty years. At the height of their success in the 1960s they supported both The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, as well as releasing singles in the UK and U.S.

## Early work

The Aces began playing in Hull during the British skiffle boom of the late 1950s. The line-up changed a few times, but stabilised with a quartet comprising Eric Lee (vocals), brothers Brian Gatie (guitar) and Adrian Gatie (drums), and Johnny Pat on bass. They were signed to Parlophone during the beat boom era.

## The 1960s

They released two UK singles with Parlophone: "Wait Till Tomorrow" in December 1963 (with the B-side being "The Last One") and "I Count the Tears", a cover of The Drifters hit, in February 1964 (the B-side being "But Say It Isn't So"). In the United States "I Count the Tears" was released as "Counting Tears" on the Stellar label in August 1964. They toured the United Kingdom and played as a support act for both The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. Bassist and unofficial frontman Johnny Pat also played with another Hull band, The Small Four, who were signed to Pye Records and supported Jimi Hendrix.

## Later work and charity fundraising

The Aces continue to perform regularly and have now been in showbusiness for well over fifty years. They frequently perform as part of charity fundraising events, and have been described as "a rock and roll band with a huge and enthusiastic following". In the Queen's 2017 Birthday Honours Johnny Pat was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) for services to charity fundraising and the community in Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire.

## Singles

*Source*

### United Kingdom

### United States

* "Counting Tears" (Stellar) August 1964 (B-side: "But Say It Isn't So")


title: The Aces (indie pop band)

abstract: The Aces are an American alternative pop band from Provo, Utah. The band has four members: guitarist Katie Henderson, bassist McKenna Petty, and sisters Alisa Ramirez (drums) and Cristal Ramirez. Their first single as the Aces, "Stuck", was released in 2016, eventually reaching #38 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart in late 2017. The band's second single, "Physical", was released in 2017 in advance of their debut EP, I Don't Like Being Honest. The band is signed to Red Bull Records. The band's debut album, When My Heart Felt Volcanic, was released on April 6, 2018. The Aces worked with six producers on the records, but Dan Gibson and Simon Oscroft were particularly influential, being involved in half of the material. The Aces joined 5 Seconds of Summer for their Meet You There Tour. Following this tour, they embarked on their own North American headlining tour in support of When My Heart Felt Volcanic, the Waiting For You Tour.

text:
# The Aces (indie pop band)

**The Aces** (formerly **The Blue Aces**) are an American alternative pop band from Provo, Utah. The band has four members: guitarist Katie Henderson, bassist McKenna Petty, and sisters Alisa Ramirez (drums) and Cristal Ramirez (lead vocals and guitars).

Their first single as the Aces, "Stuck", was released in 2016, eventually reaching #38 on the *Billboard* Alternative Songs chart in late 2017. The band's second single, "Physical", was released in 2017 in advance of their debut EP, *I Don't Like Being Honest*. The band is signed to Red Bull Records. The band's debut album, *When My Heart Felt Volcanic*, was released on April 6, 2018. The Aces worked with six producers on the records, but Dan Gibson and Simon Oscroft were particularly influential, being involved in half of the material.

The Aces joined 5 Seconds of Summer for their Meet You There Tour. Following this tour, they embarked on their own North American headlining tour in support of *When My Heart Felt Volcanic*, the Waiting For You Tour.

## Career

### Origin

The Aces began when sisters Cristal and Alisa Ramirez were ten and eight years old respectively. Although neither sister recalls exactly when their musical career visions began, the Ramirez sisters were raised in a music-loving household where their father would dance salsa with them and their mother played 1980s pop artists like Whitney Houston and Michael Jackson, as well as older brother playing in many prominent Provo/SLC hardcore punk bands. With a piqued interest, they began to jam out while studying and taking notes from their favorite bands on YouTube.

One Christmas season, the sisters asked their best friend, McKenna Petty, to ask for a bass for Christmas. Soon after, the trio, all self-taught, formed the Blue Aces. They began to jam and experiment in their neighbor's garage. In 2008 the band was officially formed when Petty's friend, Katie Henderson, joined the group. Collectively, the Aces began to sharpen their talents and get their raw exposure throughout high school while performing locally at venues and bars. Over the years, as they expanded their presence within their local music scene they were listed on the “Top 10 Best Bands in Provo” by Provo Buzz and “10 Best Utah Bands You Should Know” by Paste Magazine. In 2014, the girls decided to professionally pursue a musical career after watching 18 year old Lorde win her first Grammy.

With no industry ties, the girls began their hunt for professional connections first starting by working with accomplished producers. Particularly the key to buzz surrounding them, record labels soon came calling for them. In 2016, Red Bull Records signed them.

### As the Blue Aces (2012–2014)

Katie Henderson, McKenna Petty, Alisa Ramirez, and Cristal Ramirez started as the Blue Aces in 2012. They released two EPs as the Blue Aces before they changed their name to the Aces.

### *I Don't Like Being Honest* (2014–2017)

In 2016, they wrote two songs independently: "Volcanic Love" and "Stuck". Soon after, the Aces were signed with Red Bull Records and the band embarked on songwriting and recording sessions.

On June 23, 2017, the band's debut EP (under the new name), *I Don't Like Being Honest*, was released. Their debut single, "Stuck", reached No. 38 on the *Billboard* Alternative Songs chart. During SXSW they performed at Nylon, Noisey, Rachael Ray's Feedback House, and Quantum Collective's SX Invasion. For the rest of 2017, the Aces found themselves sharing the stage with alternative bands such as Joywave and Portugal. The Man.

### *When My Heart Felt Volcanic* (2018–2019)

Early February 2018, the Aces teased their upcoming debut album. To celebrate, they announced their tour with indie pop band, Coin. Two months later, on April 6, 2018, the Aces released *When My Heart Felt Volcanic*. On May 16, 2018, The band performed on Seth Meyer's *Late Night Show.* Their song “Strong Enough” was featured on the soundtrack of *NBA 2K20*.

The Aces were announced as the opening act for 5 Seconds of Summer's Meet You There World Tour. Subsequently, they announced their first ever headlining tours in the US and Europe, *When My Heart Felt Volcanic*, the Waiting For You Tour. They played festival stages and larger venues for the rest of 2018 and early 2019.

### *Under My Influence* (2020–2022)

On March 4, 2020, the Aces released their first single of their second LP, titled "Daydream". A music video for the song was released on March 24, 2020.

On April 6, 2020, the second single was released, titled "Lost Angeles". On May 6, 2020, the Aces revealed the title and track listing of the album, *Under My Influence*, along with the release of a third single, "My Phone is Trying to Kill Me".

Their fourth single from *Under My Influence*, "Kelly" was released on June 1, 2020. "Kelly," which is explicitly queer, is the first of the band's songs to use gendered pronouns. Cristal and Alisa Ramirez commented that while they had not been consciously avoiding gendered pronouns, the band, in which three of four members are queer, had previously not been ready to "step into that space \[...\] as artists."

*Under My Influence* was originally slated for release on June 12, 2020. However, on June 7, the band announced that the album would be delayed in response to the George Floyd protests. The band's official website revealed the new release date as July 17, 2020.

### *I've Loved You for So Long* (2023–present)

On June 8, 2022, The Aces released the first single from their third LP, titled "Girls Make Me Wanna Die". The official music video was released on June 29, 2022

On February 17, 2023, the second single was released, titled "Always Get This Way". The Album, *I've Loved You For So Long*, was officially announced on February 21, 2023.

On March 31, 2023, The third single was released, titled "Solo". The 4th single and title track, "I've Loved You For So Long" was released on April 28, 2023.

On June 2, 2023, the Aces released their third LP, titled *I've Loved You for So Long*.

## Band members

The Aces consists of Katie Henderson, McKenna Petty, Alisa Ramirez, and Cristal Ramirez. The band started while they were all in school together. Sisters Cristal and Alisa Ramirez, along with their best friends, decided to turn their musical after school get-togethers into a career.

* Cristal Ramirez – lead vocals and guitar
* Katie Henderson – guitar and vocals
* McKenna Petty – bass and vocals
* Alisa Ramirez – drums and vocals

## Musical style

The Aces have cited as musical and career influences Paramore; Earth, Wind & Fire; The Beatles; New Order; Depeche Mode; Michael Jackson; and Weezer. Their musical style has been described as indie pop and alternative pop.

## Gender as a media focus

The Aces are an all-female band and members have expressed the desire to break the idea of the "girl band/girl group" genre. The media has often looked at gender first rather than their music when referring to the Aces, according to Cristal Ramirez, who said in an interview with Capitol Sound DC, "we *are* just a band! I don’t see why people have to see gender all the time and make it a thing. But at the same time, it is unique and it is a strength of ours that we are all women. We wanna inspire other girls and we get that all the time–fans coming up to us and being like ‘oh my gosh you guys are so inspiring I wanna be in the music industry’ or ‘I wanna start a band.'"

## Discography

### Albums

List of studio albums, with release date and label shown
| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *When My Heart Felt Volcanic* |  |
| *Under My Influence* | * Released: July 17, 2020 * Label: Red Bull * Formats: Vinyl, CD, Digital download, streaming |
| *I've Loved You for So Long* | * Released: June 2, 2023 * Label: Red Bull * Formats: Vinyl, CD, digital download, streaming |

### EPs

List of extended plays, with release date and label shown
| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *The Blue Aces*
(as The Blue Aces) | * Released: May 11, 2012 * Label: Red Bull * Formats: Digital download |
| *Gave You My Heart*
(as The Blue Aces) | * Released: April 18, 2014 * Label: Red Bull * Formats: Digital download |
| *I Don't Like Being Honest* | * Released: June 23, 2017 * Label: Red Bull * Formats: Digital download, streaming |

### Singles

List of singles, with year released and album shown
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Alt. Songs
 | |
| "Stuck"
(original, Spanish version or RAC remix) | 2016 | 38 | *I Don't Like Being Honest* |
| "Physical" | 2017 | |  |
| | "Baby Who" | |  |
| | "Touch" | |  |
| "Fake Nice" | 2018 |  | *When My Heart Felt Volcanic* |
| | "Volcanic Love" | |  |
| | "Lovin' is Bible" | |  |
| | "Just Like That" | |  |
| | "Last One"
(original or Spanish version) | |  |
| | "Waiting For You" | |  |
| "Daydream" | 2020 |  | *Under My Influence* |
| | "Lost Angeles" | |  |
| | "My Phone is Trying to Kill Me" | |  |
| | "Kelly" | |  |
| | "Sleepy Eyes" | |  |
| "Don't Freak" | 2021 |  | Non-album single |
| "Girls Make Me Wanna Die" | 2022 |  | *I've Loved You For So Long* |
| "Always Get This Way" | 2023 | |  |
| | "Solo" | |  |
| | "I've Loved You For So Long" | |  |
|

### Compilation appearances

* Common Culture, Vol. III (Heard Well/2018) – "Fake Nice"

### Music videos

List of music videos, with year released and director shown
| Title | Year | Director |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Stuck" | 2016 | Alisa Ramirez |
| "Physical" | 2017 | Charlotte Rutherford |
| | "Baby Who" | Alisa Ramirez |
| "Volcanic Love" | 2018 | Nico Poalillo, Alisa Ramirez |
| | "Last One" | Alisa Ramirez |
| "Daydream" | 2020 | Alisa Ramirez |
| | "My Phone is Trying to Kill Me" | Alisa Ramirez |
| | "801" | Alisa Ramirez |
| "Don't Freak" | 2021 | Daniel Carberry |
| "Girls Make Me Wanna Die" | 2022 | Alisa Ramirez |
| "I've Loved You For So Long" | 2023 | Alisa Ramirez |

## Tours

### Headlining

* Waiting for You Tour (2019) (United States)
* Under My Influence Tour (2021)
* I've Loved You For So Long Tour (2023)

### Opening act

## InfoBox

| The Aces | |
| --- | --- |
| The Aces performing at Brighton Music Hall in Boston, Massachusetts, in 2017 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Provo, Utah, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2016 (2016)–present |
| Labels | Red Bull |
|  | |
| Members | * Katie Henderson * McKenna Petty * Alisa Ramirez * Cristal Ramirez |
|  | |
| Website | theacesofficial.com |


title: The Achy Breaky Hearts

abstract: The Achy Breaky Hearts is a 2016 Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Antoinette Jadaone and starring Ian Veneracion, Richard Yap and Jodi Sta. Maria. The film was produced by Star Cinema and released on June 29, 2016, in theaters nationwide. The film was inspired by the 1992 pop hit of the same title by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus. The film was also intended to cash-in on the success of two of Jodi Sta. Maria's previous TV projects: Be Careful With My Heart, where she starred opposite Richard Yap, and Pangako Sa 'Yo, a remake where she starred opposite Ian Veneracion.

text:
# The Achy Breaky Hearts

***The Achy Breaky Hearts*** is a 2016 Filipino romantic comedy film directed by Antoinette Jadaone and starring Ian Veneracion, Richard Yap and Jodi Sta. Maria. The film was produced by Star Cinema and released on June 29, 2016, in theaters nationwide.

The film was inspired by the 1992 pop hit of the same title by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus.

The film was also intended to cash-in on the success of two of Jodi Sta. Maria's previous TV projects: *Be Careful With My Heart*, where she starred opposite Richard Yap, and *Pangako Sa 'Yo, a* remake where she starred opposite Ian Veneracion.

## Synopsis

Chinggay (Jodi Sta. Maria), a jewelry shop manager, is one of the single women in their 30s who feels the pressure to find love. She goes out on dates with men but none of them seem to make the cut. You may blame her high standards but the pain from her previous relationship could also be affecting her judgment on men. Now, her love life is suffering a drought for seven years. Everything changes when suddenly, two men are interested to be with her. Ryan (Ian Veneracion) bought an engagement ring from Chinggay only to be rejected by his girlfriend. Chinggay helps Ryan to get back with his girlfriend but they end up losing the ring and becoming good friends. On the other hand, Chinggay’s ex-boyfriend Frank (Richard Yap) is persistent to redeem himself and to prove that he deserves a second chance with Chinggay. Chinggay finds herself torn between two kinds of love. A guy who she still loves, and a guy she now loves. Will she choose one over the other? Or will she realize that the love that she needs won’t come from either?

## Cast

### Main cast

### Supporting cast

## Piracy issue

Days after the movie's theater release, a pirated copy of it had been leaked online on social media and filesharing sites. The director and the cast all tweeted against piracy and had sworn to take legal actions against everyone responsible for the leak.

## InfoBox

| The Achy Breaky Hearts | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical film poster | |
| Directed by | Antoinette Jadaone |
| Screenplay by | * Yoshke Dimen * Antoinette Jadaone |
| Story by | Antoinette Jadaone |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Pong Ignacio |
| Music by | Emerzon Texon |
| Production<br>company | ABS-CBN Film Productions |
| Distributed by | Star Cinema |
| Release date | * June 29, 2016 (2016-06-29) |
| Country | Philippines |
| Languages | * Filipino * English |
| Box office | ₱120 million |