title: Uí Lochlainn

abstract: The Uí Lochlainn, also known as the Ó Lochlainn family, were a leading kindred in the Burren region of County Clare. The Uí Lochlainn were a branch of the Corcu Mruad. In Irish their surname was Ua Lochlainn and Ó Lochlainn. Forms of the personal name Lochlainn first appear on record in the tenth century; the earliest known bearer being Lochlaind mac Maíl Shechnaill, heir of the Corcu Mruad, whose death is noted in 983. In the sixteenth century, the family's principal seat was situated in the Gragans, at a tower house near the site of the later Gregans Castle. The Uí Lochlainn chieftains lost autonomy in the seventeenth century, although later descendants of the chiefs continued to live in the heart of the family's ancestral lands until twentieth century.

text:
# Uí Lochlainn

The **Uí Lochlainn**, also known as the **Ó Lochlainn family**, were a leading kindred in the Burren region of County Clare.

The Uí Lochlainn were a branch of the Corcu Mruad. In Irish their surname was *Ua Lochlainn* and *Ó Lochlainn*. Forms of the personal name *Lochlainn* first appear on record in the tenth century; the earliest known bearer being Lochlaind mac Maíl Shechnaill, heir of the Corcu Mruad, whose death is noted in 983.

In the sixteenth century, the family's principal seat was situated in the Gragans, at a tower house near the site of the later Gregans Castle. The Uí Lochlainn chieftains lost autonomy in the seventeenth century, although later descendants of the chiefs continued to live in the heart of the family's ancestral lands until twentieth century.

## Citations

* Gibson, DB (2012). *From the Chiefdom to State in Early Ireland*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01563-0  via Google Books.
* Ó Cuív, B (1988). "Personal Names as an Indicator of Relations Between Native Irish and Settlers in the Viking Period". In Bradley, J (ed.). *Settlement and Society in Medieval Ireland: Studies Presented to F.X. Martin*. Irish Studies. Kilkenny: Boethius Press. pp. 79–88. ISBN 0863141439  via Google Books.
* Ó Murchadha, D (1992–1993). "Nationality Names in the Irish Annals" (PDF). *Nomina*. **16**: 49–70. ISSN 0141-6340.


title: Vadathirthesvarar Temple, Andanallur

abstract: Vadathirthesvarar Temple, Andanallur, is a Siva temple in Andanallur in Trichy District in Tamil Nadu (India).

text:
# Vadathirthesvarar Temple, Andanallur

**Vadathirthesvarar Temple, Andanallur**, is a Siva temple in Andanallur in Trichy District in Tamil Nadu (India).

## Vaippu Sthalam

It is one of the shrines of the Vaippu Sthalams. This temple is found at Andanallur near Tiruchendurai in Trichy-Karur road.

## Presiding deity

The presiding deity Vadathirthesvarar and Alandurai Mahadevar. His consort is known as Balasundari and Balasoundaranayaki. The niches of the *karnakutas* of the first *tala* contains images of a kneeling man on the left and a kneeling lady in the right. Such a feature is otherwise found in Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam and Dandeeswarar Temple in Velachery.

## Prakara

This temple belongs to the period of Parantaka Chola. In the Prakaram shrines of Vinayaka, Subramania Gajalakshmi, Navagraha, Chandra, Surya and Bairava are found.


title: Val Anderson

abstract: Val Anderson (1929–2006) was a politician in British Columbia, Canada. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 1991 general election, as a candidate of the BC Liberal Party. He was subsequently reelected in 1996 and 2001. He had however, been an unsuccessful candidate in the 1986 provincial election in the riding of Vancouver East. In his youth, Anderson was a member of the Saskatchewan Older Boys' Parliament. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Saskatchewan and a Bachelor of Divinity from St. Andrew's College. He had a Master of Theology degree from Princeton Theological Seminary and completed two years on a doctoral program at Boston School of Theology. Prior to serving as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), Anderson was a minister in the United Church of Canada and a former professor at the Vancouver School of Theology. He was coordinator and editor of Canadian Multi Faith Action. Anderson was active in community work. He was the founder and chair of the Vancouver Food Bank and the Pacific Youth and Family Addiction Service Society. He received the Good Neighbour Award in 1990, along with honors from the Social Justice Foundation of BC. When first elected, Anderson served as the Deputy Critic for Social Services. He served on; the Government Caucus Committee on Communities & Safety, the Legislative Select Standing Committees on Aboriginal Affairs and Health, and the Multicultural Committee. He had previously served as a member of the Legislative Select Standing Committee on Parliamentary Reform, Ethical Conduct. Anderson died on 30 March 2006 after a long battle with bowel cancer.

text:
# Val Anderson

**Val Anderson** (1929–2006) was a politician in British Columbia, Canada. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 1991 general election, as a candidate of the BC Liberal Party. He was subsequently reelected in 1996 and 2001. He had however, been an unsuccessful candidate in the 1986 provincial election in the riding of Vancouver East.

In his youth, Anderson was a member of the Saskatchewan Older Boys' Parliament (now the Saskatchewan Youth Parliament).

He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Saskatchewan and a Bachelor of Divinity from St. Andrew's College. He had a Master of Theology degree from Princeton Theological Seminary and completed two years on a doctoral program at Boston School of Theology.

Prior to serving as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), Anderson was a minister in the United Church of Canada and a former professor at the Vancouver School of Theology. He was coordinator and editor of Canadian Multi Faith Action.

Anderson was active in community work. He was the founder and chair of the Vancouver Food Bank and the Pacific Youth and Family Addiction Service Society. He received the Good Neighbour Award in 1990, along with honors from the Social Justice Foundation of BC.

When first elected, Anderson served as the Deputy Critic for Social Services. He served on; the Government Caucus Committee on Communities & Safety, the Legislative Select Standing Committees on Aboriginal Affairs and Health, and the Multicultural Committee. He had previously served as a member of the Legislative Select Standing Committee on Parliamentary Reform, Ethical Conduct.

Anderson died on 30 March 2006 after a long battle with bowel cancer.

## InfoBox

| Val Anderson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Vancouver-Langara | |
| **In office**
October 17, 1991  May 17, 2005 | |
| Succeeded by | Carole Taylor |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1929-02-14)February 14, 1929
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan |
| Died | March 30, 2006(2006-03-30) (aged 77)
British Columbia, Canada |
| Political party | BC Liberal Party |
|  | |


title: Valebø

abstract: Valebø is a village in Skien Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of Norsjø, across the lake from the villages of Ulefoss and Helgja in Nome Municipality. The village of Valebø lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the northwest of the town of Skien, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the village of Hoppestad, and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the south of Nordagutu in Midt-Telemark Municipality. The village is the site of Valebø Church. The Bratsbergbanen railway line stops at a station in Valebø.

text:
# Valebø

**Valebø** is a village in Skien Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of Norsjø, across the lake from the villages of Ulefoss and Helgja in Nome Municipality. The village of Valebø lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the northwest of the town of Skien, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the village of Hoppestad, and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the south of Nordagutu in Midt-Telemark Municipality.

The village is the site of Valebø Church. The Bratsbergbanen railway line stops at a station in Valebø.

## History

Valebø was administratively a part of Holla Municipality from 1 January 1838 (when municipalities were established in Norway) until 1 January 1964 when it became a part of Skien Municipality. At that time Valebø had 259 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Valebø | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| View of the village railway station | |
| ValebøLocation of the villageValebøValebø (Norway) | |
| Coordinates: 59°18′46″N 9°19′55″E / 59.31268°N 9.33182°E / 59.31268; 9.33182 | |
| Country | Norway |
| Region | Eastern Norway |
| County | Telemark |
| District | Grenland |
| Municipality | Skien Municipality |
| Elevation | 105 m (344 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Post Code | 3721 Skien |


title: Vaajlaach Paahije: Game Ki Shinema

abstract: Vaajlaach Paahije - Game Ki Shinema is a 2015 Marathi comedy-drama film directed by R.Viraj and produced by Channel U Entertainment. The film features an ensemble cast of Bhalchandra Kadam, Aarti Solanki, Chinmay Udgirkar, Girija Joshi, Rajesh Bhosale. The film is a tribute to Dada Kondke, a Marathi actor and film Producer, who was known for his double entendre dialogues in the movie. The film was released on 11 September 2015.

text:
# Vaajlaach Paahije: Game Ki Shinema

**Vaajlaach Paahije - Game Ki Shinema** (English: *The show must go on*) is a 2015 Marathi comedy-drama film directed by R.Viraj and produced by Channel U Entertainment. The film features an ensemble cast of Bhalchandra Kadam, Aarti Solanki, Chinmay Udgirkar, Girija Joshi, Rajesh Bhosale.

The film is a tribute to Dada Kondke, a Marathi actor and film Producer, who was known for his double entendre dialogues in the movie. The film was released on 11 September 2015.

## Cast

## Plot

The film revolves around a struggling director, Yash, (Rajesh Bhosale\_ and a struggling actor, Raj, Chinmay Udgirkar who try to cross all the hurdles to make a film and make it a big success for themselves. The two goons start their search for a Producer for their film. During the strive to make a film they come across a filthy Producer named Bhau Damdar, Bhalchandra Kadam who agrees to finance only on the condition of getting a beautiful heroine for the film.

Yash describes an unseen girl in such a way that Bhau is enthused and agrees to produce their film. He immediately springs them with advance and asks them to immediately get the heroine to him.

Yash and Raj's hunt for a producer ends here, but the next hunt for the imaginary actress starts here. And their hunt ends at the Kolhapur Film City, where Raj accidentally meets his fake love, Supriya (Girija Joshi). Raj instantly informs Yash about the success of finding the girl. But Yash who stayed back with Bhau to discuss the script is upset as Bhau has finalized a horrendous script called Nal Damayanti- The Intimate Love Story!

Next day, everyone is excited to meet the heroine, particularly Bhau who has been day dreaming of his Damayanti. The plot takes a turn when Raj gets Supriya to Bhau's place...

Bhau with his sinister intentions and desires signs Supriya instantly and hands her a bag full of cash as her signing and another bag of cash to Yash to start the film but the film takes a turn by how they intend to make a genuine film with the allocated funds by deceiving Bhau, is the ultimate crux of the story.

Hereafter begins a hilarious plot of rescuing Supriya from Bhau's clutches and shooting a film of his choice using Bhau's money. Will they succeed in their mission? Raj and Supriya really fall in love? What efforts they take to save Supriya from Bhau and how successfully they complete their film - Producer Jomaat Director Comaat!

## InfoBox

| Vaajlaach Paahije: Game Ki Shinema | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | R.Viraj |
| Written by | Parag Kulkarni |
| Produced by | Channel U Entertainment |
| Starring | Bhalchandra Kadam
Chinmay Udgirkar
Girija Joshi
Rajesh Bhosale |
| Cinematography | Ankush Birajdar |
| Edited by | Nilesh Gavand |
| Music by | Praful Kalrekar |
| Release date | * 11 September 2015 (2015-09-11) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Marathi |


title: Valentine Allorge

abstract: Valia (Valentine) Selitsky Allorge (1888–1977) was a Russian-French botanist, phycologist, and bryologist known for studying the flora of the Pyrenees region. Allorge's most important work was on the bryoflora of the Bussaco forest, Portugal, and she also spent several years cataloguing the bryophytes of Spain. The standard author abbreviation V.Allorge is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. She was born in the Russian Empire and emigrated to Nice in France before the start of World War I. She studied in Switzerland and then at the University of Paris. At the University of Paris she worked in the lab of Gaston Bonnier. It was also at the University of Paris she met her first husband, C.-L. Gatin, who was a botanist. He was killed as a soldier in the French Army in World War I in 1916. In 1920 she married Pierre Allorge. Her husband was the editor of Revue Bryologique, which she continued to edit after his death. Together with P. Allorge she issued several series of bryophyte exsiccatae in the time span between 1928 and 1949.

text:
# Valentine Allorge

**Valia (Valentine) Selitsky Allorge** (1888–1977) was a Russian-French botanist, phycologist, and bryologist known for studying the flora of the Pyrenees region. Allorge's most important work was on the bryoflora of the Bussaco forest, Portugal, and she also spent several years cataloguing the bryophytes of Spain. The standard author abbreviation V.Allorge is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

She was born in the Russian Empire and emigrated to Nice in France before the start of World War I. She studied in Switzerland and then at the University of Paris. At the University of Paris she worked in the lab of Gaston Bonnier. It was also at the University of Paris she met her first husband, C.-L. Gatin, who was a botanist. He was killed as a soldier in the French Army in World War I in 1916.

In 1920 she married Pierre Allorge. Her husband was the editor of Revue Bryologique, which she continued to edit after his death. Together with P. Allorge she issued several series of bryophyte exsiccatae in the time span between 1928 and 1949.


title: Valentine B. Horton

abstract: Valentine Baxter Horton was a 19th Century American lawyer who served three terms U.S. Representative from Ohio around the time of the American Civil War.

text:
# Valentine B. Horton

**Valentine Baxter Horton** (January 29, 1802  January 14, 1888) was a 19th Century American lawyer who served three terms U.S. Representative from Ohio around the time of the American Civil War.

## Biography

Born in Windsor, Vermont, Horton attended the Partridge Military School and afterward became one of its tutors. He studied law in Middletown, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1830.

### Early career

He moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he practiced.

He moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833, and on to Pomeroy, Ohio, in 1835. He engaged in the sale and transportation of coal and the development of the salt industry.

He served as member of the State constitutional convention in 1850.

### Congress

Horton was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress and was reelected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1858.

He served as member of the Peace Conference of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war. He engaged in coal mining.

Horton was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861March 3, 1863). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1862 and returned to his home.

### Death and burial

He died in Pomeroy, Ohio, January 14, 1888, and was interred in Beech Grove Cemetery.

* United States Congress. "Valentine B. Horton (id: H000800)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*. Retrieved on 2009-04-29

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| Valentine Horton | |
| --- | --- |
| in 35th Congress | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 11th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1855  March 3, 1859 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Ritchey |
| Succeeded by | Charles D. Martin |
| **In office**
March 4, 1861  March 3, 1863 | |
| Preceded by | Charles D. Martin |
| Succeeded by | Wells A. Hutchins |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Valentine Baxter Horton
(1802-01-29)January 29, 1802
Windsor, Vermont |
| Died | January 14, 1888(1888-01-14) (aged 85)
Pomeroy, Ohio |
| Resting place | Beech Grove Cemetery |
| Political party | Opposition, Republican |
| Alma mater | Partridge Military School |
| Occupation | Lawyer and politician |
|  | |


title: Vaccinium formosum

abstract: Vaccinium formosum, with common names highbush blueberry, southern blueberry, southern highbush blueberry, and swamp highbush blueberry, is a species of blueberry that is native to the Southeastern United States.

text:
# Vaccinium formosum

***Vaccinium formosum**,* with common names **highbush blueberry**, **southern blueberry**, **southern highbush blueberry**, and **swamp highbush blueberry**, is a species of blueberry that is native to the Southeastern United States.

## Description

*Vaccinium formosum* is a deciduous shrub that grows to approximately 3.96-4.57 m (13–15 ft) tall. The plant has ovaloid green leaves that are about 2.5-7.6 cm (1–3 in) in length.

The flowers of the *Vaccinium formosum* bloom whitish-pink in a bell shape, and the fruit is a dark blue with a "glaucous bloom". The plant has green stems that turn into woody growth as the stems age.

*Vaccinium formosum* berries are edible in both raw and cooked forms.

## Distribution and habitat

*Vaccinium formosum* is native to the Southeastern United States. It has been found in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Washington, D.C., Maryland, Delaware, and New York. It grows in a variety of habitats including bogs, pine barrens, mires, ravines and mountain summits.

## Cultivation

The plant's primary habitats are in marshes, wetlands, and loamy/sandy soils. It prefers low pH, acidic soils and will not fruit or grow well in basic conditions. The ideal conditions for this plant are in full sun; it can handle partial-sun though it may fruit less. The harvest season of the edible fruit of the *Vaccinium formosum* is primarily late spring/summer.

## Further reading

Wiersema, J. H., León, B. (1999). World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. United States: CRC-Press. ISBN 9780849321191, 0849321190

Hancock, J. F., Retamales, J. B. (2018). Blueberries. United Kingdom: CABI. ISBN 9781780647265, 1780647263

## InfoBox

| *Vaccinium formosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Vaccinium* |
| Species: | ***V. formosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vaccinium formosum***<br>Andrews | |
|


title: Vaccinium elliottii

abstract: Vaccinium elliottii is a species of Vaccinium in the blueberry group. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States, from southeastern Virginia south to Florida, and west to Arkansas and Texas.

text:
# Vaccinium elliottii

***Vaccinium elliottii*** (**Elliott's blueberry**) is a species of *Vaccinium* in the blueberry group (*Vaccinium* sect. *Cyanococcus*). It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States, from southeastern Virginia south to Florida, and west to Arkansas and Texas.

## Growth

*Vaccinium elliottii* is a deciduous shrub 2–4 m (6.6–13.1 ft) tall, with small, simple ovoid-acute leaves 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) long with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are pale pink, bell-shaped, 6–8 mm long, opening in the early spring before the new leaves appear.

The fruit is an edible berry 5–8 mm diameter. There are two variants one having tart shiny blue black berries and the other sweeter type having a whitish waxy bloom over the otherwise blue black berries; they ripen from late spring (in Florida) through summer (in Arkansas and Virginia). Chromosome count 2n=24

## Cultivation and uses

*Vaccinium elliottii* produces a particularly large yield of somewhat sour berries. It is popular for late-season fruit.

## InfoBox

| Elliott's blueberry | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Plant in flower | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Tribe: | Vaccinieae |
| Genus: | *Vaccinium* |
| Section: | *Vaccinium* sect. *Cyanococcus* |
| Species: | ***V. elliotti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vaccinium elliotti***<br>Chapm. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cyanococcus elliottii* (Chapm.) Small | |


title: Vanishing Africa

abstract: Vanishing Africa is the title of the 1982 English-language translation of German film director Leni Riefenstahl's Mein Afrika, a photographic book published in the same year in Germany. It was published by Harmony Books in the United States.

text:
# Vanishing Africa

***Vanishing Africa*** is the title of the 1982 English-language translation of German film director Leni Riefenstahl's ***Mein Afrika***, a photographic book published in the same year in Germany. It was published by Harmony Books in the United States.

## Synopsis

The pictures are evidence of Riefenstahl's work as a photographer in Africa. According to the book, Riefenstahl wanted to capture the African traditional way of life before it lost its "innocence" to the modern age.

## InfoBox

Vanishing Africa
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Leni Riefenstahl |
| Original title | *Mein Afrika* |
| Illustrator | Leni Riefenstahl |
| Language | English *(translated)*, German |
| Genre | Illustrations |
| Publisher | List (Germany)<br>Harmony (US) |
| Publication date | 1982 |
| Publication place | United States, Germany |
| Published in English | 1982 |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 232 |
| ISBN | 0-517-54914-X |
| OCLC | 8587687 |
| Dewey Decimal | 779/.99676 19 |
| LC Class | DT365.19 .R53 1982 |
| Preceded by | *Korallengärten* |


title: Vanishing Falls

abstract: Vanishing Falls, is a waterfall located on the Salmon River at the south skirt of the Mount Hood National Forest, in Clackamas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area where the river creates several waterfalls: Final Falls, Frustration Falls, Little Niagara Falls, and Copper Creek Falls are within a mile from Vanishing Falls; while Hideaway Falls, Split Falls, and Stein Falls are approximately two miles away. The cascade and its river trail are surrounded by forest of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and red cedar, interspersed with bigleaf maple, red alder and black cottonwood trees.

text:
# Vanishing Falls

**Vanishing Falls**, is a waterfall located on the Salmon River at the south skirt of the Mount Hood National Forest, in Clackamas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area where the river creates several waterfalls: Final Falls, Frustration Falls, Little Niagara Falls, and Copper Creek Falls are within a mile from Vanishing Falls; while Hideaway Falls, Split Falls, and Stein Falls are approximately two miles away.

The cascade and its river trail are surrounded by forest of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and red cedar, interspersed with bigleaf maple, red alder and black cottonwood trees.

## Access

Hiking to Vanishing Falls starts at a trailhead that runs south along Salmon River starting in the town of Welches on U.S. Route 26 as it goes through Mount Hood National Forest. Vanishing Falls is the first waterfall upstream Salmon River trail, after Frustration Falls towards Final Falls. The trail is approximately 7 mi (11 km) long and requires skill, visitors should always follow rules of safe waterfall hiking when visiting Vanishing Falls.

## InfoBox

| Vanishing Falls | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Salmon–Huckleberry Wilderness |
| Coordinates | 45°14′41″N 121°53′44″W / 45.24472°N 121.89556°W / 45.24472; -121.89556 |
| Type | Cascade |
| Elevation | 2,186 ft (666 m) |
| Total height | unconfirmed |


title: Van Dien House

abstract: The Van Dien House is located at 627 Grove Street in the village of Ridgewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission (MPS). According to the nomination form, the house was built in the last quarter of the 18th century, based on architectural evidence, by a member of the Van Dien family. J. R. Van Dien was living here in 1861, and 1876. L. M. Barnett was living here in 1912. A second level frame section has been added over the stone section.

text:
# Van Dien House

The **Van Dien House** is located at 627 Grove Street in the village of Ridgewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission (MPS).

According to the nomination form, the house was built in the last quarter of the 18th century, based on architectural evidence, by a member of the Van Dien family. J. R. Van Dien was living here in 1861, and 1876. L. M. Barnett was living here in 1912. A second level frame section has been added over the stone section.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Van Dien House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 627 Grove Street, Ridgewood, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°57′59″N 74°6′3″W / 40.96639°N 74.10083°W / 40.96639; -74.10083 |
| MPS | Stone Houses of Bergen County TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 83001567 |
| NJRHP No. | 649 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 10, 1983 |
| Designated NJRHP | October 3, 1980 |


title: Vanimo Airport

abstract: Vanimo Airport is an airport in Vanimo, Papua New Guinea. The airport previously served international flights until 1997.

text:
# Vanimo Airport

**Vanimo Airport** is an airport in Vanimo, Papua New Guinea (IATA: **VAI**, ICAO: **AYVN**).

The airport previously served international flights until 1997.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Air Niugini | Madang, Wewak |

## InfoBox

| Vanimo Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Location | Vanimo, Papua New Guinea |
| Elevation AMSL | 16 ft / 5 m |
| Coordinates | 02°41′49.80″S 141°18′08.23″E / 2.6971667°S 141.3022861°E / -2.6971667; 141.3022861 |
| Map | |
| **VAI**/AYVNLocation of airport in Vanimo, Papua New Guinea**VAI**/AYVN**VAI**/AYVN (Oceania) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  12/30 5,775 1,760 Asphalt | |
| Source: World Aero Data <sup>\[usurped\]</sup> | |


title: Valiant (comics)

abstract: Valiant was a weekly British comics periodical published by Fleetway Publications and later IPC Magazines from 4 October 1962 to 16 October 1976. A boys' adventure comic, it debuted numerous memorable characters, including Captain Hurricane, The Steel Claw and Mytek the Mighty. Valiant lasted for 712 issues before being merged with stablemate Battle Picture Weekly.

text:
# Valiant (comics)

***Valiant*** was a weekly British comics periodical published by Fleetway Publications and later IPC Magazines from 4 October 1962 to 16 October 1976. A boys' adventure comic, it debuted numerous memorable characters, including Captain Hurricane, The Steel Claw and Mytek the Mighty. *Valiant* lasted for 712 issues before being merged with stablemate *Battle Picture Weekly*.

## Creation

Having taken over Amalgamated Press in 1959 to profit from their boys' comics sales, the Mirror Group decided on the launch of a new title to join the likes of *Lion*, *Tiger*, *Buster* and *Knockout* in their portfolio, now under the name Fleetway Publications. *Knockout* was the elder statesman of the line, having been running since 1939; the venerable title had received a modernising makeover in 1960, and Fleetway were keen to apply the same principles used in the relaunch to a new title. At the direction of Fleetway executive Jack Le Grand, group editor Sid Bicknell assigned editors Steve Barker and Tony Power to the new comic, designed to compete with DC Thomson's smash-hit *The Victor*.

## Publication history

*Valiant* launched on 6 October 1962, with a Geoff Campion cover depicting new headline star Captain Hurricane and a free 'Pocket Rocket' and football League Ladders. The new comic eschewed prose stories (by then largely gone from Fleetway's other titles) in favour of comic serials and strips, interspersed with factual pages and, in later issues, letters from readers. The comic led strips based on the typical boys' adventure mix of the time - war, westerns, sport and fantasy. "Captain Hurricane" was a light-hearted World War II series depicting the adventures of Royal Marines Captain Hercules Hurricane and his long-suffering batman 'Maggot' Malone. Already a towering heavyweight, Hurricane's short temper would see him pitched into "ragin' furies" that blessed him with the power to cut an unarmed swathe through German troops and tie tank barrels in knots. Hugely popular with readers, Captain Hurricane would be a constant presence throughout the magazine's life.

More straight-laced military history was provided by "To Glory We Steer", modified versions of *The Comet*'s Horatio Nelson biographical naval warfare story, and "Blade of the Frontier". Another reprint was highwayman actioner "Jack o' Justice", brought over from *Radio Fun* and actually a modified version of *Sun'*s "Dick Turpin". Despite this cut-price origin, the feature proved popular enough with readers that when the Dick Turpin inventory ran dry in 1964, new Jack O'Justice adventures were commissioned, with Tom Kerr among the artists. Meanwhile "Hawk Hunter and the Iron Horse" saw the former - raised by native Americans but "a white man at heart" - hired by Union Pacific to protect the latter. "Paladin the Fearless" told the story of a young boy raised as a champion of the English against Viking invaders; the story was actually a loosely translated import of Albert Uderzo's *Belloy*. "Kid Gloves" meanwhile told the story of the titular Native American, an aspiring boxer.

More fantastical was "The Steel Claw", created by Ken Bulmer and telling the story of metal-handed and embittered laboratory assistant Louis Crandell. After an accident during one of boss Professor Barrington's experiments, Crandell develops the ability to turn invisible (aside from the eponymous appendage) and promptly went on the rampage to make the world pay for its perceived wrongs against him. The character proved an instant hit with readers and in February 1963 underwent a drastic change of outlook, putting his abilities into the fight for good, with Tom Tully taking over as writer. One of the story's most memorable features was the dark, atmospheric art by political exile Jesús Blasco, which has been cited as an influence by Brian Bolland and Alan Davis. Light relief meanwhile was provided by no less than six cartoon strips - Angel Nadal's "The Nutts", "The Soppy H'Porths" by Arthur Martin, "Hey Presto" and a trio of Reg Parlett contributions in "Percy the Problem Child", "Shorty the Sheriff" and "The Crows". The 32-page, 6 *Valiant* launched to strong sales, with the following three issues aiming for loyalty with further gifts - batches of cardboard tabs for the first issue's league ladders, a *Giant Book of World War 2* and a magnifying glass.

### *Valiant and Knockout*

The line-up would stay stable until February 1963, when *Valiant* would undergo the first of what would be six mergers; the first victim was *Knockout*, which had been comprehensively outsold by *Valiant* since the new title launched. The merger brought four new stories to *Valiant*. "Kelly's Eye" revolved around adventurer Tim Kelly, who discovered a gem called the Eye of Zoltec that made him indestructible. For reasons best known to himself, Kelly chose to keep the talisman around his neck on a thin chain. Drawn by Argentine artist Francisco Solano López, "Kelly's Eye" would run until 1974. Less enduring were the dinosaur-rearing schemes of Doctor Kraken, though the scientist would appear until September 1964. The third addition was also relatively short-lived, the continued adventures of secret agent Nick Shadow in "The Man Called 39" lasting only three months. More enduring were the cartoons. The perpetual travails of 'Heavyweight Chump of Greyfriars' Billy Bunter lasted as long as *Valiant* did, while Reg Wootton's "Sporty" - depicting the title character's multidisciplinary ambitions usually winning out of the caddish antics of friend Sidney - would make appearances until 1972. The cover bore the moniker of *Valiant and Knockout* until 22 February 1964. Another new feature added in 1963 was "Little Fred and Big Ed". This was another Uderzo import, roughly translated versions of *Asterix*, which ran in *Valiant* until 1964. Fleetway would subsequently try to gain further mileage from the Asterix strips in *Ranger* and *Look and Learn* converting the Gauls to Britons, before Anthea Bell and Derek Hockridge's faithful, definitive English translations began in 1970.

1963 had also seen an expansion of the use of *Valiant* as a brand. An ubiquitous annual for the title debuted in autumn 1963, while following year saw the debut of the digest-sized *Valiant Picture Library*. The latter rarely featured characters from the weekly, instead focusing on a steady diet of war action. Later spin-offs using the name included the *Valiant Story of the West*, *The Valiant Space Annual* and *The Valiant Book of Pirates*, while periodic specials (sometimes in conjunction with 'rival' *Lion*) were also issued. The Steel Claw meanwhile featured in another series of digests, alternating with The Spider from *Lion*. Initially titled *Fantastic Series* before being retitled *Stupendous Series*, it ran from January 1967 to January 1968.

The following year would see three popular stories debut. The sport quota was topped up by "The Wild Wonders" - drawn by Mike Western in an influential cartoon style, and featuring Hebrides brothers Rick and Charlie Wild using their privation-ridden upbringing to dominate the world of athletics - and "Legge's Eleven", which saw player-manager Ted Legge try to assemble a team for Division Four strugglers Rockley Rovers. The third was another fantasy-tinged strip, "Mytek the Mighty". This concerned the construction of a huge robotic ape, built by Professor Arnold Boyce to communicate with the primitive Akabi tribe of Central Africa. However, Mytek was stolen by the scientist's assistant, the evil dwarf Gogra, and taken on a destructive tour around the world, pursued by Boyce and agent Dick Mason. Drawn by Eric Bradbury, the story would run until 1970.

*Valiant* expanded to 40 pages in May 1964 - a format that saw the debut of "Twelve Guilty Men", which saw disgraced police officer Rod Marsden to clear his name by bringing underworld syndicate Crime Incorporated to justice. Later that year *Valiant'*s only prose story, "The Astounding Jason Hyde", first appeared. The crimefighter with x-ray eyes was written by science fiction writer Barrington J. Bayley, with illustrations by Bradbury, and appeared in *Valiant* until 1968. Bradbury would contribute to another popular fantasy-tinged strip in 1966; "The House of Dolmann" told of robotics genius Eric Dolmann, who fought crime with his squad of robot 'puppets', including sumo wrestler Togo, miniature Commando Raider and jester Giggler, and featured until 1970. Meanwhile Jack O'Justice received a revamp, switching to present day adventures featuring the character's grandson, Jack Justice. The comic's circulation was around 500,000 copies. While popular, it was not without critics; a 1965 journal published by the Scottish Academic Press on the subject of *The Use of English Language* bemoaned the slang and shoddy grammar of characters from "brash" titles like *Valiant* while the terms Captain Hurricane used for Axis Powers soldiers some twenty years after they ceased to be enemies has also been noted. IPC's editorial director John Sanders would later defend the high amount of World War II content in *Valiant* and other titles, arguing that readers' appetite for such material meant it was necessary to keep the comics profitable.

In 1969, Fleetway were purchased by Reed International and rebranded as IPC Magazines. Initially, *Valiant* was largely unaffected by the changes, which also brought former competitor Odhams Press brought under the same umbrella. The same year saw a revival of long-running pulp detective Sexton Blake to take advantage of the successful television show based on the character, starring Laurence Payne. Another new arrival was "Raven on the Wing", featuring a young Gypsy footballer and drawn by Solano López. 1970 would bring something of a sea change as "Sexton Blake", "Mytek the Mighty", "The House of Dolmann" and the long-serving "The Steel Claw" all ended. Replacements such as haunted house caper "The Ghostly Guardian", science fiction story "The Trouble-Seekers" and even Tully-Blasco collaboration "Slave of the Screamer" failed to catch on.

### *Valiant and Smash!*

The following year brought a second merger. This time *Smash!* was subsumed; at the time it was the last of Odhams' Power Comics line, but even shedding the unpopular Marvel Comics reprints that led to its stablemates downfall had not been enough. *Valiant and Smash* launched on 10 April 1971. The combination saw *Valiant* inherit the popular "The Incredible Adventures of Janus Stark", featuring tales of a rubber-boned Victorian escapologist and crime-fighter. Another strip drawn by Solano López and primarily written by Tully, it would be a fixture for the next five years. The other strips from the *Smash!* intake - "His Sporting Lordship" and "Simon Test and the Islands of Peril" - were less long lived, not running past the end of the year. Louis Crandell however returned for sequel series "Return of the Claw" until 1973.

### *Valiant and TV21*

Two weeks after abandoning the *Valiant and Smash* title, the comic also absorbed the last remnants of *TV21*. The latter's declining fortunes meant this merger only brought Angus Allan and John Stokes' licensed *Star Trek* strip and "Tuffs of Terror Island"; the title's Marvel reprints were again not continued. The name *Valiant and TV21* would last until April 1972, before the magazine reverted to plain *Valiant* once more.

### *Valiant and Lion*

This would last until 1974, when *Lion'*s 22-year run ended and it folded into *Valiant*. The merge was not without controversy; *Lion* assistant editor Chris Lowder has stated it was outselling *Valiant* at the time, and that Le Grand - having advanced to managing director of Fleetway - ensured the comic he had helped devise survived. Lowder recalled he and fellow Lion editor Geoff Kemp took Le Grand to lunch to state their case, and were told they "just had to facking \[*sic*\] deal with it". Arrivals from *Lion* included the popular Adam Eterno, as well as reprints of "Robot Archie" and "Spot the Clue with Zip Nolan", while the Steel Commando would guest-star in "Captain Hurricane". The comic would run under the name *Valiant and Lion* until 22 March 1975, and sales were typically around 100,000 an issue. Future *2000 AD* creator John Wagner took over from Stewart Wales as editor in 1975, with Steve MacManus as sub-editor; the team were given the task of updating *Valiant* for modern audiences, giving it a gritter tone. Among the strips they commissioned were "Death Wish" (a World War II story, not to be confused with the later *Speed*/*Tiger*/*Eagle* strip of the same name) and hard-edged New York detective story "One-Eyed Jack" (written by Wagner). The character was heavily influenced by Clint Eastwood's Dirty Harry, and has sometimes been considered a forebear of Judge Dredd.

### *Valiant and Vulcan*

However, the decision to merge *Valiant* and *Lion* was a worrying sign of the shrinking market. Increasing competition from television led to a smaller market for boys' comics, as well as the market also having to deal with Marvel UK's anthologies gaining a foothold. The boys' adventure comic was becoming outdated in comparison. *Valiant* would assimilate one more stablemate, however - the small-format *Vulcan* in April 1976. As *Vulcan* was a reprint title (including some strips that had previously ran in *Valiant*) the change in content was minimal - for three weeks Valiant and Vulcan carried a double-folded mini-comic insert finishing off the storylines running when *Vulcan* was cancelled. Despite this, the *Valiant and Vulcan* title would stick until 2 October 1976.

### *Battle Picture Weekly and Valiant*

While the comic reverted to simply on *Valiant* on 9 October 1976 the change was short-lived. The following issue provided "Important news for all readers" and announced the title would be consumed by *Battle Picture Weekly* the following week. *Battle* revolved around war comics and so there was little room for *Valiant'*s contents, with only "One-Eyed Jack", "Soldier Sharp - The Rat of the Rifles" and "The Black Crow" were continued. Captain Hurricane retired from frontline combat to host the letters page. As with other cancelled weeklies, annuals would continue for some afterwards - the final *Valiant Annual* was dated 1984.

## Legacy

*Valiant* characters have appeared prominently in several revivals of the AP/Fleetway/IPC characters. New episodes of "The Steel Claw", "Kelly's Eye", "Captain Hurricane" and "Janus Stark" appeared in the 1990 *Classic Action Holiday Special*. Two years later reimagined versions of "Kelly's Eye", "The Steel Claw" and "Mytek the Mighty" were included in the *2000 AD Action Special*. In 2006 several played prominent roles in the WildStorm mini-series *Albion*, which also used a fictional issue of *Valiant* as a key plot point.

In March 2012, Royal Mail launched a special stamp collection to celebrate Britain's rich comic book history. The collection featured *Valiant*, along with *The Beano*, *The Dandy*, *Eagle*, *The Topper*, *Roy of the Rovers*, *Bunty*, *Buster*, *Twinkle* and *2000 AD*. Several stories from *Valiant* have been collected by Titan Publishing Group, and as part of the Treasury of British Comics by Rebellion Developments, who have owned the complete *Valiant* library since 2018.

## Stories

## Title

* *Valiant* 6 October 1962 to 16 February 1963
* *Valiant and Knockout* 23 February 1963 to 22 February 1964
* *Valiant* 29 February 1964 to 3 April 1971
* *Valiant and Smash!* 10 April to 18 September 1971
* *Valiant* 25 September 1971
* *Valiant and TV21* 2 October 1971 to 20 April 1972
* *Valiant* 27 April 1972 to 18 May 1974
* *Valiant and Lion* 25 May 1974 to 22 March 1975
* *Valiant* 29 March 1975 to 3 April 1976
* *Valiant and Vulcan* 10 April to 2 October 1976
* *Valiant* 9 October to 16 October 1976
* *Battle Picture Weekly and Valiant* 23 October 1976 to 1 October 1977

## Spinoffs

* *Valiant Picture Library* (144 issues, June 1963 to May 1969)
* *Valiant Annual* (21 issues, 1964 to 1984)
* *Valiant Story of the West* (2 issues, 1966)
* *Valiant Summer Special* (5 issues, 1966 to 1970)
* *Valiant Space Special* (2 issues, 1967 to 1968)
* *Lion and Valiant Special Extra* (3 issues, 1968 to 1970)
* *The Valiant Book of Pirates* (1968)
* *The Valiant Book of TV's Sexton Blake* (1969)
* *The Valiant Book of Conquest of the Air* (1970)
* *Valiant and Smash! Summer Special* (1971)
* *Valiant and TV21 Summer Special* (2 issues, 1972 to 1973)
* *The Valiant Book of Sports* (1973)
* *Valiant Holiday Special* (15 issues, 1974 to 1980)
* *The Valiant Book of Magic & Mystery* (1976)
* *The Valiant Book of Weapons & War* (1976)

## InfoBox

| *Valiant* | |
| --- | --- |
| The cover of *Valiant*, dated 9 July 1966. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | IPC Magazines |
| Schedule | Weekly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | 6 October 1962 – 16 October 1976 |
| No. of issues | 712 |
| Main character(s) | *Captain Hurricane*
*Billy Bunter*
*Sexton Blake*
*The Steel Claw*
*The House of Dolmann*
*One-Eyed Jack* |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Scott Goodall
Tom Tully |
| Artist(s) | Reg Parlett
Jesús Blasco
Eric Bradbury
John Cooper
Mike Western |
| Editor(s) | Steve Barker
Tony Power
Stewart Wales
John Wagner
Steve MacManus (sub-editor) |


title: Vasile Dîba

abstract: Vasile Dîba was a Romanian sprint canoeist. Competing in three Summer Olympics in 1976–1984, he won four medals with one gold, one silver, and two bronzes. Dîba also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with five golds and two silvers. He later had a sports hall named after him in Jurilovca. Dîba died in Bucharest on 20 February 2024, at the age of 69.

text:
# Vasile Dîba

**Vasile Dîba** (24 July 1954 – 20 February 2024) was a Romanian sprint canoeist. Competing in three Summer Olympics in 1976–1984, he won four medals with one gold (1976: K-1 500 m), one silver (1980: K-4 1000 m), and two bronzes (1976: K-1 1000 m, 1980: K-1 500 m). Dîba also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with five golds (K-1 500 m: 1974, 1977, 1978; K-1 1000 m: 1977, K-1 4×500 m: 1974) and two silvers (K-1 500 m and K-1 4×500 m: both 1975). He later had a sports hall named after him in Jurilovca. Dîba died in Bucharest on 20 February 2024, at the age of 69.

## InfoBox

Vasile Dîba
| Dîba in the 1970s | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 24 July 1954 (1954-07-24)
Jurilovca, Romania |
| Died | 20 February 2024(2024-02-20) (aged 69)
Bucharest, Romania |
| Height | 182 cm (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 86 kg (190 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Canoe sprint |
| Medal record      Representing  Romania  Olympic Games  1976 Montreal K-1 500 m  1976 Montreal K-1 1000 m  1980 Moscow K-4 1000 m  1980 Moscow K-1 500 m  World Championships  1974 Mexico City K-1 500 m  1974 Mexico City K-1 4×500 m  1975 Belgrade K-1 500 m  1975 Belgrade K-1 4×500 m  1977 Sofia K-1 500 m  1977 Sofia K-1 1000 m  1978 Belgrade K-1 500 m | |


title: Vanniyan Viduthy

abstract: Vanniyan viduthy is a village located in the Pudukkottai District of South Tamil Nadu, India & Vanniyan Viduthy village is part of Arayappatti Panchayat. The village is located 07–10 km from Alangudi, Vadakadu, Silattur and Avanathankottai.

text:
# Vanniyan Viduthy

**Vanniyan viduthy** is a village located in the Pudukkottai District of South Tamil Nadu, India & Vanniyan Viduthy village is part of Arayappatti Panchayat (Village Panchayat) . The village is located 07–10 km from Alangudi, Vadakadu, Silattur and Avanathankottai.

## Geography

The village Vanniyan viduthy lies in 10.172636 deg. at north in latitude and 79.03595 deg east in longitude and lies 79 M above Mean Sea Level. Maramadakki Village, Kothamangalam Village, Alangadu Village, Arayappatti, Paravakkottai Village are surrounding borders anti-clockwise respectively.

## Demographics

As per the 2002 census, Vanniyan viduthy had a total population of 2502 with 1455 males and 1047 females. Out of the total population 1708 people were literate.

## Economy

Agriculture is the main activity in the village. Major crops are sugar cane, bananas, green chilies, ground nut, vegetables and coconut.

## Transport

Vanniyan viduthy is connected by road from Alangudi to Aranthangi. Nearby towns are Aranthangi (22 km), Alangudi (8 km), Pudukkottai (28 km) and Trichy (88 km). Public buses are the main transport facility for the public. The direct bus service is available from Aranthangi, Alangudi, Pudukkottai, and Trichy. Railway stations are nearby in Aranthangi and Pudukkottai. There is an International Airport in Trichirapalli (Trichy).

## Climate

The minimum temperature of this town is 27.1 °C and the maximum temperature is 46.4 °C. The seasonal climate conditions are moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious. The town gets major rainfall during the North east monsoon period. The Annual normal rainfall varies from 300 mm to 800 mm.

## InfoBox

| Vanniyan viduthy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Temple of Vanniyan viduthy | |
| Vanniyan viduthyLocation in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 10°10′21″N 79°02′09″E / 10.172636°N 79.03595°E / 10.172636; 79.03595 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Pudukkottai |
| Taluk | Alangudi |
| Government | |
| Type | Village Panchayat |
| Body | Village Panchayat Board |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.5 km2 (1.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Population (1856) | |
| Total | 2,502 |
| Density | 560/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 614622 |
| Telephone code | 04322 |


title: Van Brugh Livingston

abstract: Peter Van Brugh Livingston or Van Brugh Livingston was an American diplomat who served as the American Chargé d'affaires to Ecuador from August 12, 1848 until November 12, 1849.

text:
# Van Brugh Livingston

**Peter Van Brugh Livingston** or **Van Brugh Livingston** (1792 – July 16, 1868) was an American diplomat who served as the American Chargé d'affaires to Ecuador from August 12, 1848 until November 12, 1849.

## Early life

Livingston was born in New York City in 1792 and was named after his paternal grandfather, Peter Van Brugh Livingston, who died in the year he was born. He was the son of Loyalist Philip Peter Livingston (1740–1810), who was known as "Gentleman Phil," and Cornelia (née Van Horne) Livingston (b. 1759). His siblings included Charles Ludlow Livingston (1800–1873), Philip Livingston and Richard Livingston.

His paternal grandmother was Mary Alexander (1721–1767), the daughter of James Alexander and Mary Spratt Provoost. His grandfather was a business associate of Lord Stirling, who was his grandmother's brother. His paternal grandfather, Peter Van Brugh Livingston (1710–1792), was a delegate to the New York Provincial Congresses and served as New York State Treasurer. He was the son of Philip Livingston (1686–1749), the 2nd Lord of Livingston Manor. His grandfather's older brother was Robert Livingston and his younger brothers included Philip Livingston, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and William Livingston, a signer of the United States Constitution and the 1st Governor of New Jersey. His maternal grandparents were David Van Horne and Anne (née French) Van Horne, herself the daughter of Philip French III and Susanna Brockholst.

Livingston graduated from Columbia College in 1811.

## Career

From 1816 to 1819, Livingston, along with Albert Rolaz Gallatin (1800-1890), the second son of Albert Gallatin who was then Minister to France, made a tour of Europe from 1816 to 1819. While in Scotland, he was the guest of his kinsman, Sir Thomas Livingston, where he met and had his portrait painted in Edinburgh by Sir Henry Raeburn in 1819. The painting, or a replica, is now in the collection of the New-York Historical Society.

On April 10, 1848, Livingston was appointed the inaugural Chargé d'affaires to Ecuador at Quito, the Chief of Mission or modern equivalent of the U.S. Ambassador to Ecuador by the 11th President James K. Polk, a Democrat. The Secretary of State during his service was James Buchanan, who later became the 15th President. Originally, Daniel S. Dickinson and John Adams Dix, the U.S. Senators from New York wanted Polk to appoint Livingston as Head of the U.S. Legation to the Papal States, but after much discussion, Dix and Dickinson agreed to suggest a South American post to Livingston and Polk immediately sent the appointments of Jacob Martin (to the Papal States), Elijah Hise (to Guatemala) and John Appleton (to Bolivia) to the Senate and, two weeks later, sent an appointment for Livingston as charge to Ecuador.

He succeeded James Chamberlayne Pickett who had served as Plenipotentiary for signing a Treaty of Peace and Commerce with Ecuador. He presented his credentials on August 12, 1848 and served, during the presidency of Vicente Ramón Roca, until his mission was terminated on November 12, 1849 by a transmitted recall note.

While in office, Polk reasserted the Monroe Doctrine which opposed European colonialism in the Americas. In his role, and due to England's ostensible propping up of former Ecuadorian president Juan José Flores as a monarch, Livingston was instructed to say that "the intervention or dictation, direct or indirect, of European Governments in the affairs of the Independent States of the American Hemisphere will never be viewed with indifference by the government of the United States. On the contrary, all the *moral* means, at least, within their power, shall upon every occasion be employed to discourage and arrest such interference."

Livingston was succeeded by John Trumbull Van Alen under the Whig administration of President Zachary Taylor following his election in 1848.

### Later career

Following his diplomatic career, Livingston worked as a principal officer appraiser in the United States Custom House on Wall Street, under Collector Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence. In 1849, he earned $2,000 a year in this position. Livingston was among "numerous southern New York bankrupts who retained public offices for years after their failures.".

In August 1850, the Archbishop of New York John Hughes wrote to Daniel Webster, then Secretary of State under Whig president Millard Fillmore, on behalf of Livingston, stating:

> He was some years ago a man of large fortune here. He lost all. But his family still depending on him, would have suffered from want of bread, if he had not, obtained a situation in the Custom House, under Mr. Curtis. It is said here that his appointment on that occasion was in great measure due to the charitable interest which Mrs. Webster took in his peculiar, and, truly touching reverse of fortune, and in the condition of his family. I have so high a respect for his integrity and feel so much for his situation, and that of his family, that I should be willing to divide with him the contents of my light purse. But this would not suffice, -and he has taken into his mind that if I interceded with the government, at Washington, on his behalf, the application would not be fruitless. I do not feel confidence enough to make any such application, unless with permission previously solicited, to do so, from some member of the Cabinet. I think that a situation which should yield a salary of from 1,500 to 2,000 per annum would be, as much, as he should expect. If sufficient talents and incorruptible integrity be qualifications I can recommend him. But, goodman, he has been heretofore, more or less Loco-focoish, -what he has since became I am not able to say. In conclusion, would it be worth my while, with an prospect of success to intercede for him at Washington? If so I should either go on or write willingly.

Hughes had previously written an introduction for Livingston's 1843 novel, *An Inquiry Into the Merits of the Reformed Doctrine of "Imputation"* after Livingston had converted to Catholicism after having been an Episcopalian. Webster forwarded the letter to President Fillmore, who wrote: "I do not see how we can appoint a loco-foco, M.F." The Loco-focos were a faction of the Democratic Party that existed from 1835 until the mid-1840s and was created in New York City as a protest against Tammany Hall. The party were vigorous advocates of laissez-faire and opponents of monopoly.

## Personal life

Shortly after returning to the United States from his European travels, Livingston was married to Mrs. Maria "Harriet" Elizabeth Houston. She was the widow of Sir Patrick Houston of Georgia. Together, they lived in Bleecker Street, in Manhattan, and were the parents of ten children, including:

* Elizabeth Ludlow Livingston (1836–1895), who was born in Dobbs Ferry, New York and who married real estate developer Joseph Montgomery Strong (1822–1894), the youngest son of Rev. Paschal Neilson Strong and Cornelia Adelaide Kane Strong, in 1856 Strong was associated with the firm of Strong & Ireland.
* Van Brugh Livingston (1840–1904), who married Ada Mary Jaudon, a daughter of banker Samuel Jaudon, in 1874.

He was an avid family historian and, like his father, shared an appreciation of the fine arts. In his an appendage to his will in 1856, he recorded the transfer of several Livingston family paintings to his son, Van Brugh Livingston.

Livingston died in New York City on July 16, 1868.

### Descendants

Through his daughter Elizabeth, he was the grandfather of Joseph Montgomery Strong, Jr. (1857–1938), Peter Van Brugh Livingston Strong (b. 1858), Mary Livingston (née Strong) Spencer (b. 1860), Charles Livingston Strong (b. 1862), Philip Alexander Livingston Strong (b. 1864), and Joseph Gebhard Strong.

## Published works

## InfoBox

| Van Brugh Livingston | |
| --- | --- |
| *Portrait of Livingston
by Sir Henry Raeburn, c. 1819* | |
|  | |
| Chargé d'Affaires to Ecuador | |
| **In office**
August 12, 1848  November 12, 1849 | |
| Preceded by | James Chamberlayne Pickett |
| Succeeded by | John Trumbull Van Alen |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Peter Van Brugh Livingston
1792
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | July 16, 1868 (aged 76)
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Spouse | Harriet Elizabeth Houstoun |
| Children | 10 |
| Parent(s) | Philip Peter Livingston
Cornelia Van Horne |
| Relatives | *See* Livingston family |
| Residence(s) | Livingston House, Dobbs Ferry, New York |
| Alma mater | Columbia College |
|  | |


title: Vardøya

abstract: Vardøya (Norwegian), Várggáidsuolu (Northern Sami), or Vuoreansaari (Kven) is an island in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 3.7-square-kilometre (1.4 sq mi) island is the location of the town of Vardø. The island sits about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the mainland Varanger Peninsula. The island is connected to the mainland by the Vardø Tunnel, the first subsea tunnel that was built in Norway. The tunnel is part of the European route E75 highway, which has its terminus at the town of Vardø. The small island of Hornøya is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the northeast of Vardøya.

text:
# Vardøya

***Vardøya*** (Norwegian), ***Várggáidsuolu*** (Northern Sami), or ***Vuoreansaari*** (Kven) is an island in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 3.7-square-kilometre (1.4 sq mi) island is the location of the town of Vardø. The island sits about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the mainland Varanger Peninsula. The island is connected to the mainland by the Vardø Tunnel, the first subsea tunnel that was built in Norway. The tunnel is part of the European route E75 highway, which has its terminus at the town of Vardø. The small island of Hornøya (where the Vardø Lighthouse sits) is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the northeast of Vardøya.

## History

The island was probably originally two separate islands with a small strait between them; sometime during the Middle Ages a human-made isthmus was built connecting the two islands. Today there is a 100-metre (330 ft) wide isthmus called *Valen* that connects both sides of Vardøya. Between the two parts of Vardøya is a long harbor. The town of Vardø was built up on this island primarily because it was the site of the Vardøhus Fortress (the island was often historically referred to as *Vardöhuus*, after the fortress). The fortress along with a church was originally built in 1306 by order of king Hakon V and the fortress is still in operation today.

The island (and fortress) were made famous by the historic 1553 voyage in search of the fabled Northeast passage. As the vessels rounded the rocky shores of Northern Norway they came in conflict with a 'whirlwind'. Two of the three ships (The *Bona Esperanza* and the *Confidentia*) were blown off course. The *Bona Esperanza* was captained by Sir Hugh Willoughby, a man of 'goodly personage' but one who had absolutely no knowledge of navigation. The expedition leader, Richard Chancellor had planned for such an eventuality, suggesting that the ships regroup at *Vardöhuus*. After waiting seven days and hearing nothing of either ship, he pushed eastward towards the White Sea.

## InfoBox

| Vardø, Norway | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Finnmark, Norway |
| Coordinates | 70°22′31″N 31°07′14″E / 70.3754°N 31.1205°E / 70.3754; 31.1205 |
| Area | 3.7 km2 (1.4 sq mi) |
| Length | 5 km (3.1 mi) |
| Width | 1.5 km (0.93 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Highest point | Vårberget |
| Administration | |
| **Norway** | |
| County | Finnmark |
| Municipality | Vardø Municipality |


title: Iocetamic acid

abstract: Iocetamic acid is a pharmaceutical drug taken by mouth and used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging of the gall bladder. It is not known to be marketed anywhere in the world in 2021.

text:
# Iocetamic acid

**Iocetamic acid** (trade name **Cholebrin**) is a pharmaceutical drug taken by mouth and used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging of the gall bladder.

It is not known to be marketed anywhere in the world in 2021.

## InfoBox

Iocetamic acid
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Cholebrin |
| Routes of
administration | By mouth |
| ATC code |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 3-\[*N*-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)acetamido\]-2-methylpropanoic acid | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.036.505 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H13I3N2O3 |
| Molar mass | 613.960 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=C(O)C(CN(C(=O)C)c1c(I)cc(I)c(c1I)N)C | |


title: Magarovci

abstract: Magarovci is a village in the municipality of Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Magarovci

**Magarovci** is a village in the municipality of Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 157.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Croats | 155 | 98.7% |
| Serbs | 1 | 0.6% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.6% |
| **Total** | **157** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Magarovci | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Magarovci | |
| Coordinates: 44°21′N 17°18′E / 44.350°N 17.300°E / 44.350; 17.300 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Central Bosnia |
| Municipality | Jajce |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.53 sq mi (1.36 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 157 |
| Density | 300/sq mi (120/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Iffou

abstract: Iffou Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of the regions in Lacs District. The seat of the region is Daoukro, and the region's population in the 2021 census was 378,560. Iffou is currently divided into four departments: Daoukro, M'Bahiakro, Ouellé, and Prikro.

text:
# Iffou

**Iffou Region** is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of the regions in Lacs District. The seat of the region is Daoukro, and the region's population in the 2021 census was 378,560.

Iffou is currently divided into four departments: Daoukro, M'Bahiakro, Ouellé, and Prikro.

7°15′N 3°52′W / 7.250°N 3.867°W / 7.250; -3.867

## InfoBox

| Iffou Region *Région de l'Iffou* | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | |
| Location of Iffou Region with its departments:   Ouellé Department   M'Bahiakro Department   Prikro Department   Daoukro Department | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Lacs |
| Established | 2011 |
| Regional seat | Daoukro |
| Government | |
| Prefect | Albert Koffi Akpolleh Kouamé |
| Council President | Koffi Moïse Koumoué |
| Area | |
| Total | 8,870 km2 (3,420 sq mi) |
| Population (2021 census) | |
| Total | 378,560 |
| Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Mike Smith (skateboarder)

abstract:
Mike Smith is an American professional vert skateboarder from Southern California. He is also the founder of Liberty Skates, skateboards.
Smith is credited as being the inventor of both the Smith Stop maneuver, and of the Smithvert, a personalized variation of the invert. During the course of his competitive career, Smith appeared on the cover of Thrasher Magazine twice; June 1981 and January 1982. In 1999, after years of not competing, Smith placed Third in the Master's Division of the Van's Triple Crown of Skateboarding in Huntington Beach, California behind Steve Caballero and Jeff Grosso. In a 2019 segment of Jeff Grosso's episodic podcast entitled Loveletters to Skateboarding, Grosso describes him as, "Smith's bad ass. The guy could roll. He invented the Smith Stop. Mike Smith is one of a kind and is probably one of the most gorgeous human beings to ever drop in to a vertical transition surface. In 2021, Smith was inducted into the Skateboarding Hall of Fame. In an interview filmed for the Hall of Fame's official website, world champion skateboarder Tony Hawk spoke of Smith, "It was so fascinating to watch him. He had such an iconic style. The way he did tricks just became, his tricks. He did a grind, but he dropped his rail, no one did that before...Smith Grind. He did an invert that was so twisted and turned, almost overturned, no one had done it like that. It's a Smithvert. How cool is that?". In the same video, fellow 1980's skateboarding pioneer Lance Mountain says of Smith, "There was a point in time we all wanted to be Mike Smith." To commemorate his entrance into the hall of fame, South Bay Skates located in Los Angeles introduced a Mike Smith Hall Of Fame skateboard deck.

text:
# Mike Smith (skateboarder)

**Mike Smith** is an American professional vert skateboarder from Southern California. He is also the founder of Liberty Skates, skateboards. Smith is credited as being the inventor of both the *Smith Stop* (or *Smith Stall*) maneuver, (which later became known globally as the Smith Grind) and of the *Smithvert*, a personalized variation of the invert.

During the course of his competitive career, Smith appeared on the cover of Thrasher Magazine twice; June 1981 and January 1982.

In 1999, after years of not competing, Smith placed Third in the Master's Division of the Van's Triple Crown of Skateboarding in Huntington Beach, California behind Steve Caballero and Jeff Grosso.

In a 2019 segment of Jeff Grosso's episodic podcast entitled Loveletters to Skateboarding (produced by Vans), Grosso describes him as, "Smith's bad ass. The guy could roll. He invented the Smith Stop. Mike Smith is one of a kind and is probably one of the most gorgeous human beings to ever drop in to a vertical transition surface.

In 2021, Smith was inducted into the Skateboarding Hall of Fame. In an interview filmed for the Hall of Fame's official website, world champion skateboarder Tony Hawk spoke of Smith, "It was so fascinating to watch him. He had such an iconic style. The way he did tricks just became, *his tricks*. He did a grind, but he dropped his rail, no one did that before...*Smith Grind*. He did an invert that was so twisted and turned, almost overturned, no one had done it like that. It's a *Smithvert*. How cool is that?". In the same video, fellow 1980's skateboarding pioneer Lance Mountain says of Smith, "There was a point in time we all wanted to be Mike Smith."

To commemorate his entrance into the hall of fame, South Bay Skates located in Los Angeles introduced a Mike Smith Hall Of Fame skateboard deck.

## Early life and career

Smith grew up in the South Bay region of Los Angeles in the town of Hermosa Beach, California and attended Mira Costa High School (Class of 1984). He began initially as a freestyle skateboarder and later converted to vert skating (ramps and pools). He is considered to be one of the best known skaters from the immediate South Bay area, along with Steve Rocco and Todd Congelliere.

## Mike Smith Duck Skateboard Deck

First released in 1985 by Huntington Beach-based Madrid Skateboards, the *Mike Smith Duck*, featuring original graphics by artist/skater John Lucero, was one of the brand's most popular models. A hand-painted yellow variation of the Duck board appeared in a 1985 Thrasher Magazine ad, however the yellow version of the deck was only released to the general public two decades later.

## Contest Results

(note: incomplete list)

* 1979 4th Place Oceanside Nationals (Freestyle)
* 1980 3rd Place (Pro) Gold Cup Skateboard Contest - Colton, CA
* 1981 3rd Place Del Mar Pro Bowl
* 1999 3rd Place (Masters) Vans Triple Crown, Huntington

## InfoBox

| Mike Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Smith in Los Angeles, 2023 | |
| Born | 1966 or 1967<br>Hermosa Beach, California, US |
| Occupation | Skateboarder |
| Children | Ella Smith |


title: Thomas Hardres

abstract: Thomas Hardres (1610–1681) was an English barrister and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent from 1664.

text:
# Thomas Hardres

**Thomas Hardres** (1610–1681) was an English barrister and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent from 1664.

## Life

He was descended from a family owning the manor of Broad Oak at Hardres, near Canterbury, and was fourth son of Sir Thomas Hardres and Eleanor, sole surviving daughter and heiress of Henry Thoresby of Thoresby, a master in chancery. Thomas became a member of Gray's Inn, and was called to the bar. From 1649 until his death he was steward of the manor of Lambeth.

In the vacation after Michaelmas term 1669 he became a serjeant-at-law, in 1675 was appointed King's Serjeant, and in 1679 was elected M.P. for Canterbury. He also received the honour of knighthood. In December 1681 he died, and was buried at Canterbury.

## Works

His *Reports of Cases in the Exchequer, 1655–1670* was published in 1693.

## Family

He was twice married, first to Dorcas, daughter and heiress of George Bargrave, who died in 1643; and secondly to Philadelphia, daughter of one Franklyn of Maidstone, and widow of Peter Manwood.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hamilton, John Andrew (1890). "Hardres, Thomas". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 347.


title: Gaius Claudius Severus

abstract: Gaius Claudius Severus was a Roman senator who lived in the second half of the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century AD.

text:
# Gaius Claudius Severus

**Gaius Claudius Severus** was a Roman senator who lived in the second half of the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century AD.

## Life

Part of a family of Pontian Greek descent, Severus was born and raised in Pompeiopolis, a city in the Roman province of Galatia.

Severus was a magistrate in the reign of the Emperor Trajan (98-117). Trajan had successfully annexed Arabia Petraea in 105 to 106, and appointed Severus as its first governor, who organized the region into a Roman province. Severus remained in the office from 106 until 116.

During his tenure a road, Via Nova Traiana, was paved from Aqaba via Petra to Bostra. There are two surviving letters that mention the construction of the road, sent by Apollonarius, an Egyptian soldier and assistant secretary to Severus, dated to early 107. One is addressed to his father, the other to his mother. A milestone found near Thoana, 54 miles north of Petra, attests that it was completed in 110/111.

He was suffect consul *in absentia* in the *nundinium* of October-December 112 with Titus Settidius Firmus as his colleague.

Severus married an unnamed Roman woman and had a son named Gnaeus Claudius Severus Arabianus, ordinary consul in 146.

## Sources

* Garzetti, Albino (1974). *From Tiberius to the Antonines: a history of the Roman Empire AD 14-192*.
* Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Rathbone, Dominic (2000). *The High Empire, A.D. 70-192*. The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.).


title: Summertime (The Maybes? song)

abstract: "Summertime" is the third single released by The Maybes? from their debut album, Promise. It was released on 25 August 2008 on Xtra Mile Recordings as a download and 7" Record.

text:
# Summertime (The Maybes? song)

"**Summertime**" is the third single released by The Maybes? from their debut album, *Promise*. It was released on 25 August 2008 on Xtra Mile Recordings as a download and 7" Record.

## Track listing

**Download single**

1. "Summertime"

**7" single**

1. "Summertime" – 2:46
2. "The Fever" – 3:19

## Personnel

* Produced and mixed by Head (Track 1)
* Engineered by Jim Anderson (Track 1)
* Produced, engineered and mixed by Graeme Lycett and The Maybes? (Track 2)
* Photography by Christian Petersen
* Design by Lisa Robson
* Xtra Mile Recordings
* Universal Publishing

1. presscounsel.com (at Internet Archive)

## InfoBox

| "Summertime" | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of The Maybes? single "Summertime" | |
| Single by The Maybes? | |
| from the album  *Promise* | |
| B-side | "The Fever" |
| Released | 25 August 2008 (2008-08-25) |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 2:46 |
| Label | Xtra Mile (XMR 729) |
| Songwriter(s) | Nick Ellis |
| The Maybes? singles chronology | |
| "Boys"
(2008) "**Summertime**"
(2008) | |


title: Mario Baroffio

abstract: Mario Baroffio (1905–1962) was an Argentine film actor of the classic era of Argentine cinema. Baroffio began his film career in 1936, and starred in nearly 40 films between then and his death in 1962. An actor with a varied repertoire in comedy and drama, one of his last films was Buscando a Mónica in 1962.

text:
# Mario Baroffio

**Mario Baroffio** (19051962) was an Argentine film actor of the classic era of Argentine cinema.

Baroffio began his film career in 1936, and starred in nearly 40 films between then and his death in 1962. An actor with a varied repertoire in comedy and drama, one of his last films was *Buscando a Mónica* in 1962.

## Filmography

* *El noveno mandamiento* (1962)
* *Buscando a Mónica* (1962)
* *Cumparsita, La* (1961)
* *Venenosa, La* (1959)
* *Angustia de un secreto* (1959) .... Teófilo
* *Dagli Appennini alle Ande* (1959)
* *Nubes de humo* (1958)
* *Cubitos de hielo* (1956)
* *Luces de candilejas* (1956)
* *Pícara soñadora, La* (1956)
* *Mujer desnuda, La* (1955)
* *Reportaje a un cadáver* (1955)
* *The Phantom of the Operetta* (1955)
* *Somos todos inquilinos* (1954)
* *Tres mosquiteros, Los* (1953)
* *La pasión desnuda* (1953)
* *Niña de fuego, La* (1952)
* *La Mano que aprieta* (1952)
* *¡Qué rico el mambo!* (1952)
* *Tía de Carlitos, La* (1952)
* *Zapatillas coloradas, Las* (1952)
* *Cuidado con las mujeres* (1951)
* *Rhythm, Salt and Pepper* (1951)
* *Bólidos de acero* (1950)
* *Ladrón canta boleros, El* (1950)
* *Mary tuvo la culpa* (1950)
* *Hombre de las sorpresas, El* (1949)
* *Imitaciones peligrosas* (1949)
* *Pantalones cortos* (1949)
* *Rodríguez, supernumerario* (1948)
* *Pelota de trapo* (1948) .... Don Pascual
* *Senda oscura, La* (1947)
* *Caraba, La* (1947)
* *Secta del trébol, La* (1947)
* *Comisario de Tranco Largo, El* (1942) (as Mario Román Flores) .... Don Ramiro
* *Quinta calumnia, La* (1941)
* *Corazón de Turco* (1940)
* *Santos Vega* (1936)


title: NASCAR Thunder 2003

abstract: NASCAR Thunder 2003 is the sixth edition of the EA Sports' NASCAR racing simulator series. Developed by EA Tiburon and Budcat Creations and published by EA Sports. It was released for PlayStation, PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox on September 18, 2002, and for Microsoft Windows on October 21. The product features Dale Earnhardt Jr. on the cover. It was the first time the NASCAR's Most Popular Driver Award recipient was featured on the cover, although he did not win the award for the first time until the following year. Dale Earnhardt appeared in the game as a driver as a result of entering his name as a Create-A-Car driver's name; he did not appear in the previous game due to his death. He appeared as a legend in subsequent games.

text:
# NASCAR Thunder 2003

***NASCAR Thunder 2003*** is the sixth edition of the EA Sports' NASCAR racing simulator series. Developed by EA Tiburon and Budcat Creations and published by EA Sports. It was released for PlayStation, PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox on September 18, 2002, and for Microsoft Windows on October 21. The product features Dale Earnhardt Jr. on the cover. It was the first time the NASCAR's Most Popular Driver Award recipient was featured on the cover, although he did not win the award for the first time until the following year. Dale Earnhardt appeared in the game as a driver as a result of entering his name as a Create-A-Car driver's name; he did not appear in the previous game due to his death. He appeared as a legend in subsequent games.

## Gameplay

Being a racing simulation, *NASCAR Thunder 2003* places the player in control of a stock car in a NASCAR race. Players battle AI drivers for race position for a preset number of laps. As the race progresses, players are forced to make a pit stop to refuel, replace tires and repair damage.

For multiplayer support, *NASCAR Thunder 2003* becomes split-screen and eliminates much of the field. Normally featuring the NASCAR number of 43 drivers in a race, it is limited to 18 or fewer with more than one human driver. As an option, the AI drivers can be disabled, allowing the players to just race each other.

There are two modes available for players. Quick Race simply allows up to four players to participate on any track and race with a specified number of settings. After the race ends, the game returns to the main menu. Career Mode is the most involving mode of the game. Returning from *NASCAR Thunder 2002*, it places the player in control of a custom NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver, who must manage pit crew, sponsorship and research and development for 20 seasons.

Although Season Mode, like Career Mode, allows the player to play through 20 seasons, it is essentially the Quick Race mode with season standings. Unlike career mode, which starts the player with inferior equipment and pit crew, they are equal to the AI's from the start. Players have a choice to play as either existing or custom drivers, and the settings are completely customizable, unlike the limited options in Career Mode. To achieve multiplayer compatibility, it not only decreases the number of AI drivers in a race while also randomizing them, meaning only a handful of drivers end up participating in the entire season. However, like in Quick Race, they can be disabled for a 2–4 player competition.

Thunder License is the time attack mode of the game; basically a tutorial and time trial of how to race across the included tracks. Lightning Challenges are playable re-enactments of Winston Cup races from 1999, 2000, 2001, and the 1st part of 2002. These challenges are played on all three difficulty levels. The drivers tell the players about what happened to them in the race. The player then has the chance to re-enact or alter history according to the particular scenario's requirement.

## Release

A month after the console versions' release, a PC version of *NASCAR Thunder 2003* was made available, becoming the second PC game in the series. Despite its later release, it removes all special modes (and the entire Thunder Plate system) except for Season mode. A new testing mode is added, and 16-player multiplayer over the Internet or LAN is supported. It generally received lower scores from reviewers than the console version did.

## Reception

The game received "favorable" reviews on all platforms except the PC version, which received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

The GameCube version was a runner-up for the "Best Driving Game for GameCube" award at *GameSpot*'s Best and Worst of 2002 Awards, which went to *NASCAR: Dirt to Daytona*. The game was also a nominee for "Console Racing Game of the Year" at the AIAS' 6th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, which ultimately went to *Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2*.

## InfoBox

| NASCAR Thunder 2003 | |
| --- | --- |
| PlayStation 2 cover art with Dale Earnhardt Jr. | |
| Developer(s) | EA Tiburon
Budcat Creations (PS)
Image Space (Windows) |
| Publisher(s) | EA Sports |
| Engine | EAGL |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 2, GameCube, Windows, Xbox, PlayStation |
| Release | **GameCube**, **PlayStation**, **PlayStation 2**, **Xbox*** NA: September 18, 2002 **Windows**
 |
| Genre(s) | Sim racing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Gum Log Township, Pope County, Arkansas

abstract: Gum Log Township is one of nineteen current townships in Pope County, Arkansas, USA. As of the 2010 census, its unincorporated population was 1,717.

text:
# Gum Log Township, Pope County, Arkansas

**Gum Log Township** is one of nineteen current townships in Pope County, Arkansas, USA. As of the 2010 census, its unincorporated population was 1,717.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Gum Log Township covers an area of 19.86 square miles (51.4 km2) with 19.85 square miles (51.4 km2) of it land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km2) of water. Gum Log Township gave part of its area to Valley Township in 1879.

## InfoBox

| Gum Log Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Gum Log TownshipLocation in Arkansas | |
| Coordinates: 35°16′30″N 92°59′51″W / 35.27500°N 92.99750°W / 35.27500; -92.99750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Pope |
| Established | 1838 |
| Area | |
| Total | 19.86 sq mi (51.4 km2) |
| Land | 19.85 sq mi (51.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2) |
| Elevation | 768 ft (234 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,717 |
| Density | 86.5/sq mi (33.4/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 479 |
| GNIS feature ID | 69706 |


title: Guerreiros do Almirante

abstract: Guerreiros do Almirante is the barra brava of Vasco da Gama. They are commonly known as Loucos da Saída 3, because of their localization in São Januário bleachers, and A Barra Mais Louca, because of their passion, cheering unconditionally.

text:
# Guerreiros do Almirante

**Guerreiros do Almirante** (in English, *Admiral Warriors*) is the *barra brava* of Vasco da Gama. They are commonly known as *Loucos da Saída 3* (in English, *Exit 3 Mads*), because of their localization in São Januário bleachers, and *A Barra Mais Louca* (in English, *The Most Mad Barra*), because of their passion, cheering unconditionally.

## History

After seen a poor support from Vasco da Gama fans in Copa do Brasil finals in 2006, friends started conversations about a creation of a new supporters group unnamed yet. It was decided that group would be a barra brava, unlike the common *torcidas organizadas* in Brazil. *Guerreiros do Almirante* was the chosen name and an Orkut community was created to meet people for the barra. The first Guerreiros reunion was on August 8. On August 16, Guerreiros appeared for the first time in a stadium, in a match against São Caetano in São Januário. On August 31, in a match against Ponte Preta in São Januário, Guerreiros premiered its musical instruments and *barras* (vertical rags).

### Songs adaptations and compositions

Guerreiros are known by their songs. Since its emergence, various songs to support Vasco da Gama appeared. The most famous is *"Anna Julia Vascaína"*, a version of Los Hermanos hit *"Anna Julia"*.

### 2014 boom and acknowledgement

In December 2013, a shocking struggle between Atlético Paranaense's *Os Fanáticos* and Vasco da Gama's *Força Jovem* in Joinville resulted a one-year ban for these torcidas. The absence of the main torcida organizada of Vasco da Gama caused a Guerreiros increase, getting – even it can be temporarily – a main role in São Januário and other Brazilian stadiums.

## Composition

Guerreiros, like another barras brava, doesn't have a system association. Even that, sub-groups are common in Guerreiros. Normally these sub-group are identified by their territorial basis, like Centro, Baixada Fluminense, Macaé, Zona Oeste, Jacarepaguá (commonly known as *Jabacreio*), Leopoldina, Méier, Niterói-São Gonçalo, Ilha do Governador, Tijuca and São Cristóvão.


title: Gurney, Wisconsin

abstract: Gurney is a town in Iron County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 158 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Cedar is located in the town.

text:
# Gurney, Wisconsin

**Gurney** is a town in Iron County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 158 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Cedar is located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 37.0 square miles (95.8 km2), all land.

Gurney is located by U.S. Route 2, west of State Highway 122.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 158 people, 60 households, and 51 families residing in the town. The population density was 4.3 people per square mile (1.6/km2). There were 84 housing units at an average density of 2.3 per square mile (0.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.37% White, and 0.63% from two or more races.

There were 60 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 83.3% were married couples living together, 1.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,417, and the median income for a family was $36,458. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,022. About 12.3% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of 18 and 4.8% of those 65 or over.

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

46°28′22″N 90°30′30″W / 46.47278°N 90.50833°W / 46.47278; -90.50833

## InfoBox

| Gurney, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location in Iron County and the state of Wisconsin. | |
| Coordinates: 46°28′32″N 90°29′46″W / 46.47556°N 90.49611°W / 46.47556; -90.49611 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Iron |
| Area | |
| Total | 37.0 sq mi (95.8 km2) |
| Land | 37.0 sq mi (95.8 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 997 ft (304 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 158 |
| Density | 4.3/sq mi (1.6/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 715 & 534 |
| FIPS code | 55-31875 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1583332 |


abstract: The NCAA Division II women's indoor track and field championships are contested at an annual collegiate indoor track and field meet organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team national champions of seventeen events among its Division II member institutions in the United States and Canada. The event has been held every year since 1983. Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division II men's competition is also held. These events are separate from the Division II women's outdoor championships held during the spring. The two-time defending national champions are Adams State, who won their sixth team national title in 2024. The most successful program has been Abilene Christian, who won 12 team national titles before departing for Division I.

text:
# NCAA Division II women's indoor track and field championships

The **NCAA Division II women's indoor track and field championships** are contested at an annual collegiate indoor track and field meet organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team national champions of seventeen events among its Division II member institutions in the United States and Canada. The event has been held every year since 1983.

Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division II men's competition is also held.

These events are separate from the Division II women's outdoor championships held during the spring.

The two-time defending national champions are Adams State, who won their sixth team national title in 2024.

The most successful program has been Abilene Christian, who won 12 team national titles before departing for Division I.

## Events

### Track events

### Field events

## Summary

| NCAA Division II women's indoor track and field championships | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Site
(Host) | Stadium/Arena |  | Championship Results | | | |
| | | | | Winner | Points | Runners-Up | Points |
| 1985
*Details* | Fargo, ND
(North Dakota State) |  | | **St. Augustine's** | 77 | NYIT | 40 |
| 1986 | *Not held* | | | | | | | |
| 1987
*Details* | Fargo, ND
(North Dakota State) |  |  | **St. Augustine's** (2) | 73 | Hampton | 62 |
| | 1988
*Details* | Vermillion, SD
(South Dakota) | Dakota Dome | **Abilene Christian** | 91 | Hampton | 51 |
| | | | 1989
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (2) | 69 | Southeast Missouri State | 48 |
| | | | 1990
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (3) | 60 | Norfolk State | 41 |
| | | | 1991
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (4) | 72 | St. Augustine's | 28 |
| | 1992
*Details* | Bay City, MI
(Saginaw Valley State) | SVSU Fieldhouse | **Alabama A&M** | 67 | Abilene Christian
Cal State Los Angeles | 42 |
| | 1993
*Details* | Vermillion, SD
(South Dakota) | Dakota Dome | **Abilene Christian** (5) | 57½ | Norfolk State | 33 |
| | 1994
*Details* | Fargo, ND
(North Dakota State) |  | **Abilene Christian** (6) | 78 | Norfolk State | 42 |
| | 1995
*Details* | Indianapolis, IN
(Indianapolis) | RCA Dome | **Abilene Christian** (7) | 70 | Adams State | 38 |
| | | | 1996
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (8) | 68 | St. Augustine's | 40 |
| | | | 1997
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (9) | 76 | St. Augustine's | 61 |
| | | | 1998
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (10) | 66 | South Dakota | 43 |
| | | | 1999
*Details* | **Abilene Christian** (11) | 119 | St. Augustine's | 44 |
| | 2000
*Details* | Boston, MA | Reggie Lewis Track | **Abilene Christian** (12) | 48 | North Dakota State | 47 |
| | | | 2001
*Details* | **St. Augustine's** (3) | 63 | Abilene Christian | 48 |
| | | | 2002
*Details* | **North Dakota State** | 67½ | St. Augustine's | 45 |
| | | | 2003
*Details* | **St. Augustine's** (4) | 73 | St. Augustine's | 53 |
| | | | 2004
*Details* | **Lincoln (MO)** | 62 | Adams State | 58 |
| | | | 2005
*Details* | **St. Augustine's** (5) | 53 | Abilene Christian | 48½ |
| | | | 2006
*Details* | **Lincoln (MO)** (2) | 87 | Abilene Christian | 50⅓ |
| | | | 2007
*Details* | **St. Augustine's** (6) | 105 | Lincoln (MO) | 64 |
| | 2008
*Details* | Mankato, MN
(Minnesota State) | Myers Fieldhouse | **Adams State** | 55 | St. Augustine's | 48 |
| | 2009
*Details* | Houston, TX | Yeoman Field House | **Lincoln (MO)** (3) | 100½ | Grand Valley State | 48 |
| | 2010
*Details* | Albuquerque, NM | Albuquerque Convention Center | **Lincoln (MO)** (4) | 56 | Ashland
Grand Valley State | 47 |
| | | | 2011
*Details* | **Grand Valley State** | 83 | Lincoln (MO) | 51 |
| | 2012
*Details* | Mankato, MN
(Minnesota State) | Myers Fieldhouse | **Grand Valley State** (2) | 94 | Adams State | 51 |
| | 2013
*Details* | Birmingham, AL | Birmingham CrossPlex | **Academy of Art** | 59 | Lincoln (MO) | 48½ |
| | 2014
*Details* | Winston-Salem, NC | JDL Fast Track | **Adams State** (2) | 67 | Johnson C. Smith | 59 |
| | 2015
*Details* | Birmingham, AL | Birmingham CrossPlex | **Central Missouri** | 47 | Hillsdale | 40 |
| | 2016
*Details* | Pittsburg, KS | Robert W. Plaster Center | **Lincoln (MO)** (5) | 60 | Hillsdale | 58 |
| | 2017
*Details* | Birmingham, AL | Birmingham CrossPlex | **Adams State** (3) | 47 | Grand Valley State | 39 |
| | 2018
*Details* | Pittsburg, KS | Robert W. Plaster Center | **West Texas A&M** | 53 | Lincoln (MO) | 36 |
| | 2019
*Details* | Pittsburg, KS | Robert W. Plaster Center | **Adams State** (4) | 87 | Grand Valley State | 64 |
| 2020 | *Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States* | | | | | | | |
| 2021
*Details* | Birmingham, AL | Birmingham CrossPlex |  | **Grand Valley State** (3) | 93 | Minnesota State | 40 |
| | 2022
*Details* | Pittsburg, KS
(Pittsburg State) | Robert W. Plaster Center | **Minnesota State** | 58 | Grand Valley State | 51 |
| | 2023
*Details* | Virginia Beach, VA
(Norfolk State) | Virginia Beach Sports Center | **Adams State** (5) | 52 | Minnesota State | 51 |
| | 2024
*Details* | Pittsburg, KS
(Pittsburg State) | Robert W. Plaster Center | **Adams State** (6) | 67 | Pittsburg State | 64.5 |
| | 2025
*Details* | Indianapolis, IN
(Indianapolis) | Fall Creek Pavilion |  |  |  |  |
| | 2026
*Details* | Virginia Beach, VA
(Norfolk State) | Virginia Beach Sports Center |  |  |  |  |

## Champions

### Active programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adams State | 6 | 2008, 2014, 2017, 2019, 2023, 2024 |
| St. Augustine's | 6 | 1985, 1987, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 |
| Lincoln (MO) | 5 | 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2016 |
| Grand Valley State | 3 | 2011, 2012, 2021 |
| Minnesota State | 1 | 2022 |
| West Texas A&M | 1 | 2018 |
| Central Missouri | 1 | 2015 |
| Academy of Art | 1 | 2013 |

### Former programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Abilene Christian* | 12 | 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 |
| *North Dakota State* | 1 | 2002 |
| *Alabama A&M* | 1 | 1992 |

## Championship Records

| Event | Record | Athlete | School | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 60 m | 7.20 | Barbara Pierre | Saint Augustine's | United States | 12 March 2010 | Albuquerque |  |
| | 7.20 | Makayla Jackson | Minnesota State | United States | 11 March 2023 | Virginia Beach |  |
| 200 m | 23.26 | Alexis Brown | Lenoir-Rhyne | United States | 11 March 2023 | Virginia Beach |  |
| 400 m | 51.78 | Carly Muscaro | Merrimack | United States | March 2017 | Birmingham |  |
| 3000 m | 9:06.03 | Stephanie Cotter | Adams State | Ireland | 11 March 2023 | Virginia Beach |  |
| 5000 m | 15:41.30 | Lindsay Cunningham | Winona State | United States | 10 March 2023 | Virginia Beach |  |
| Pole vault | 4.32 m | Courtney Crandall | Sioux Falls | United States | March 2017 | Birmingham |  |
| 4 × 400 m | 3:36.76 | Chloe Saenz
Luisarys Toledo
Kennedi Cline
Tiffany Hughey | NW Missouri | United States | 11 March 2023 | Virginia Beach |  |
| Distance medley relay | 11:12.47 | Klaudia O'Malley
Kate Zang
Taryn Chapko
Natalie Graber | Grand Valley State | United States | 10 March 2023 | Virginia Beach |  |

## InfoBox

NCAA Division II women's indoor track and field championships
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | College indoor track and field |
| Founded | 1985 |
| Country | United States
Canada |
| Most recent
champion(s) | Adams State (6th) |
| TV partner(s) | ESPNU |
| Official website | NCAA.com |