title: Tyler Farrar

abstract: Tyler Farrar is an American former road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2003 and 2017 for the Jelly Belly–Carlsbad Clothing Company, Health Net–Maxxis, Cofidis, Garmin–Sharp and Team Dimension Data squads. Farrar's achievements include winning the 2009 Circuit Franco-Belge and the 2009 and 2010 Vattenfall Cyclassics. In Grand Tours, Farrar has won six individual stages, as well as assisting in two team time trial wins.

text:
# Tyler Farrar

**Tyler Farrar** (born June 2, 1984) is an American former road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2003 and 2017 for the Jelly Belly–Carlsbad Clothing Company, Health Net–Maxxis, Cofidis, Garmin–Sharp and Team Dimension Data squads.

Farrar's achievements include winning the 2009 Circuit Franco-Belge and the 2009 and 2010 Vattenfall Cyclassics. In Grand Tours, Farrar has won six individual stages, as well as assisting in two team time trial wins.

## Cycling career

Farrar started racing at 13, and rode for Jelly Belly–Carlsbad Clothing Company in 2003, Health Net–Maxxis in 2004, and Cofidis in 2006 and 2007. In April 2006, he crashed near the finish of the Circuit de la Sarthe, which resulted in a broken collarbone, causing him to miss most of the season. For the 2008 season, he transferred to Slipstream–Chipotle.

He has won stages in the Giro d'Italia, Vuelta a España, Tour de France, Three Days of De Panne, and the USA Pro Cycling Challenge. He wore the yellow jersey on stage three of the 2008 Tour of California after winning intermediate sprint points during stage two.

Until the end of his career in 2017, Farrar lived in the Belgian city of Ghent, where he was made an honorary citizen in 2012. He was fluent in Dutch and was popular in Flanders.

In May 2011, Farrar withdrew from the Giro d'Italia as a mark of respect for his friend and training partner Wouter Weylandt, who was killed in an accident during the race. This tragedy occurred on stage 3 and on stage 4 the teams agreed not to race at all as they completed the entire stage at a steady pace with each team taking ten kilometers at the front with no attacks being made and the peloton staying together the entire time. Three kilometres from the finish Weylandt's eight teammates on Team Leopard-Trek came to the front and were also joined by Farrar, even though he was riding for Garmin-Cervelo. The nine riders rode together side by side as the rest of the peloton stayed back and as they approached the finish they did so arm in arm for the final fifty or so meters, all crossing the line together. The entire Leopard-Trek team and Farrar bowed out of the race following this tribute to their fallen teammate.

On July 4, 2011, Farrar won his first Tour de France stage, Stage 3 from Olonne-sur-Mer to Redon, becoming the first American to win a stage of the Tour on the Fourth of July. It would be ten years before another American would win a Tour de France stage.

Farrar crashed four times in the 2012 Tour de France, including a sprint-finish crash, after which he stormed the Argos–Shimano team bus to confront Tom Veelers, whom he blamed for the incident. He later took his first two wins of the season at the 2012 USA Pro Cycling Challenge. In the opening stage of that race, Farrar arrived in Telluride with a field of 57 riders and won a reduced bunch sprint at the finish. Afterwards, he stated that he was surprised to have survived the mountainous terrain to be able to contend for the sprint. Farrar won again in the fifth stage of the race, dedicating the win to his former Madison partner Mike Creed, who had been raising money for the victims of the Waldo Canyon fires. Due to his two wins he consolidated enough points to win the green jersey. Later in the season, Farrar crashed heavily during the first stage of the Tour of Britain, reportedly suffering a concussion. In October, Farrar was given clearance to train by the team doctor, Prentice Steffen, who stated: "The health of the athlete is always our top priority."

Farrar has a reputation for causing or being involved in crashes. Alessandro Petacchi noted that Farrar had crashed 18 times in the 2013–2014 seasons, commenting "There is probably a reason for this". Farrar denies using reckless or uncoordinated tactics, and ascribed most of his numerous crashes to "realities of modern cycling".

After seven years with Slipstream–Chipotle, Farrar signed with MTN–Qhubeka for the 2015 and 2016 seasons and again for the 2017 season. After riding in the 2017 Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal, Farrar announced his retirement from competition.

When Farrar took the stage victory in the 2011 Tour de France it gave him a stage win in all three grand tours. Tyler Hamilton is the only other American to have accomplished this.

## Post-cycling

After retiring from cycle racing, Farrar became a firefighter in Kirkland, Washington, as part of the City of Kirkland Fire Department.

## Major results

2001 10th Time trial, UCI Junior Road World Championships 2002 1st  Overall Tour de l'Abitibi 1st Stage 4 2003 9th Ronde van Vlaanderen U23 2004 1st  Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 1st Stage 7 Tour de l'Avenir 2nd Criterium, National Road Championships 9th Paris–Tours Espoirs 10th La Côte Picarde 2005 (1 pro win) 1st  Criterium, National Road Championships 1st Stage 4 Ronde de l'Isard 1st Stage 2 Tour de l'Avenir 2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships 2nd Grand Prix de Waregem 5th Wachovia Classic 10th Time trial, UCI Under-23 Road World Championships 2006 5th Overall Tour du Poitou-Charentes 5th Grand Prix de Rennes 2007 (1) GP CTT Correios de Portugal 1st Points classification 1st Stage 2 9th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne 2008 (1) 1st  Overall Tour of the Bahamas 1st  Points classification 1st Stages 2 & 3 1st Stage 1 Tour du Poitou-Charentes 1st Stage 4 (TTT) Tour de Georgia 4th Univest Grand Prix 5th Paris–Tours 6th Philadelphia International Championship 8th Lehigh Valley Classic 9th Grand Prix d'Isbergues 2009 (11) 1st  Overall Tour de Wallonie-Picarde 1st  Points classification 1st Stages 1 & 2 1st  Overall Delta Tour Zeeland 1st  Points classification 1st Prologue 1st Vattenfall Cyclassics Eneco Tour 1st Stages 1, 2 & 4 1st Stage 3 Tirreno–Adriatico 1st Stage 11 Vuelta a España 2010 (8) 1st  Overall Delta Tour Zeeland 1st  Points classification 1st Vattenfall Cyclassics 1st Scheldeprijs Giro d'Italia 1st Stages 2 & 10 Vuelta a España 1st Stages 5 & 21 1st Stage 3 Three Days of De Panne 2nd GP Ouest–France 3rd Omloop Het Nieuwsblad 5th Tour of Flanders 6th Coppa Bernocchi 9th Gent–Wevelgem 10th UCI World Ranking 2011 (4) 1st Trofeo Palma de Mallorca 1st Trofeo Cala Millor Tour de France 1st Stages 2 (TTT) & 3 1st Stage 2 Tirreno–Adriatico 1st Stage 2 Ster ZLM Toer 3rd Dwars door Vlaanderen 3rd Gent–Wevelgem 4th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne 10th Road race, UCI Road World Championships 2012 (2) USA Pro Cycling Challenge 1st  Points classification 1st Stages 1 & 5 1st Stage 4 (TTT) Giro d'Italia 1st Stage 2 (TTT) Tour of Utah 2nd Overall Tour of Qatar 1st Stage 2 (TTT) 2nd Scheldeprijs 5th Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen 2013 (2) 1st Stage 4 Tour of California 2nd Trofeo Palma de Mallorca 2nd Trofeo Campos–Santanyí–Ses Salines 3rd Overall Tour de l'Eurométropole 1st Stage 3 4th Paris–Tours 6th Scheldeprijs 2014 (1) Tour of Beijing 1st  Points classification 1st Stage 3 2nd Dwars door Vlaanderen 2nd Scheldeprijs 4th Vattenfall Cyclassics 8th Overall Tour de l'Eurométropole 8th E3 Harelbeke 10th Overall Ster ZLM Toer 1st  Points classification 2015 9th Scheldeprijs

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Giro d'Italia | DNF | DNF | DNF | DNF |  | 147 |  |  |
| Tour de France | 148 | DNF | 158 | 151 |  |  | 154 |  |
| Vuelta a España | DNF | 141 | DNF |  | 124 |  |  | 155 |

### Classics results timeline

| Monument | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Milan–San Remo |  |  | DNF | DNF | 42 | 46 | 109 | 94 |  |  |  |  |
| Tour of Flanders |  | DNF | 53 |  |  | 13 | 99 | 46 | 47 | 58 | 117 | 121 |
| Paris–Roubaix |  |  | 57 |  | OTL | 28 | 29 | 58 | 67 | 54 | DNF | OTL |
| Liège–Bastogne–Liège | Did not contest during career | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Giro di Lombardia | |
| Classic | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
| Omloop Het Nieuwsblad |  | DNF | 127 | 99 | **3** |  |  |  | 70 | 51 |  |  |
| Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne |  | 9 | 77 | 102 | DNF |  | 18 |  | 81 | 66 |  |  |
| E3 Saxo Bank Classic | DNF |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44 |  | 64 | 82 | 65 |
| Gent–Wevelgem |  | DNF |  |  |  | **3** | 55 | DNF | 131 | DNF | 80 | 96 |
| Dwars door Vlaanderen | DNF | 114 |  |  |  | **3** | 50 |  | **2** | 52 |  |  |
| Scheldeprijs |  |  |  |  | **1** | DNF | **2** |  | **2** |  | 60 | 117 |
| Hamburg Cyclassics | DNF | 73 |  | **1** | **1** |  |  |  |  | 55 |  | 146 |
| GP Ouest-France |  | 111 |  |  | **2** |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  |
| Paris–Tours | 63 |  |  | 46 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Legend
|  | Did not compete |
| --- | --- |
| DNF | Did not finish |

## Endorsements

Farrar appears in the opening titles of ITV London morning weather forecasts. The forecasts are sponsored by Transitions Lenses who also sponsor Farrar's cycling team. In 2010, Transition Lenses featured Farrar in its online advertisements.

## InfoBox

Tyler Farrar
| Farrar at the 2015 Scheldeprijs | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Tyler Farrar |
| Born | (1984-06-02) June 2, 1984
Wenatchee, Washington, United States |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 74 kg (163 lb) |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Rider type | Sprinter
Road Captain |
| Professional teams | |
| 2003 | Jelly Belly–Carlsbad Clothing Company |
| 2004–2005 | Health Net–Maxxis |
| 2006–2007 | Cofidis |
| 2008–2014 | Slipstream–Chipotle |
| 2015–2017 | MTN–Qhubeka |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| **Grand Tours** **Tour de France** 1 individual stage (2011) 1 TTT stage (2011) **Giro d'Italia** 2 individual stages (2010) 1 TTT stage (2012) **Vuelta a España** 3 individual stages (2009, 2010) **One-day races and Classics**
Vattenfall Cyclassics (2009, 2010) Scheldeprijs (2010) | |
|  | |


title: Ghosts of the American Civil War

text:
# Ghosts of the American Civil War

Tales of ghosts from the American Civil War have been popularly shared since its end. Among the locales that have become known for Civil War ghost stories are the Sharpsburg battlefield near Sharpsburg, Maryland; the Chickamauga battlefield in Georgia; Harper's Ferry, West Virginia; Buras, Louisiana; and Warren, Arkansas.

## Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg was the largest battle in North America. It has many ghost stories. The Soldiers' Orphanage cellar is said to make psychics too afraid to enter the house, due to its legend. The Herr Tavern was built in 1815, but during the battle it was used as the first Confederate hospital at Gettysburg, where amputations often resulted in limbs being thrown out through the window to be collected later, only for many of the soldiers to die afterward. As a result, four of the guest rooms are said to be haunted, and the rooms are numbered so that there is no room 13.

The interest in ghosts and Gettysburg remains to the present day. In recent times, people have claimed to have seen ghost soldiers, and sometimes even ghost battles, in many places around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Eight separate companies offer ghost tours in Gettysburg—some seasonally, and some all year.

A book, *Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions and Haunted Places of the Battlefield*, by Mark Nesbitt, detailed the reports of ghostly apparitions in the area where the Battle of Gettysburg took place in July 1863.

## Other battlefields

A battle did not need to be major for ghosts stories to be made about it. A farmhouse in northern Georgia is claimed to be haunted by a ghost associated with The Battle of Kolb Farm.

One of the bloodiest battles was the Battle of Sharpsburg. Tales of Union and Confederate ghost sightings exist, that are reportedly seen placing and firing at each other with artillery on the battlefield.

## Lincoln's ghost

Abraham Lincoln has long been said to haunt the White House. First Lady Grace Coolidge, wife of President Calvin Coolidge, was the first to claim to spot Lincoln's ghost. She claimed to see Lincoln looking at the Potomac River sadly from the Oval Office. Carl Sandburg claimed to have "sensed" Lincoln do the same as well. Both Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and Eleanor Roosevelt allegedly saw Lincoln's ghost during World War II in the Lincoln Bedroom (Lincoln's office during the war); the Queen admitted to fainting after seeing Lincoln in his top hat. Margaret Truman heard a tapping sound attributed to the ghost so often that Harry Truman ordered the White House renovated. Gerald Ford's daughter Susan Ford made a point of never sleeping in the Lincoln Bedroom, out of fear of Lincoln's ghost. Maureen Reagan claimed to see Lincoln's ghost in the Lincoln Bedroom as well during the administration of her father, Ronald Reagan. Others who have sensed or reportedly seen Lincoln's ghost were Harry Truman and Fala. Lincoln's ghost was reportedly seen outside of the White House as well. In Loundonville, New York, Lincoln's ghost was said to haunt a house that was owned by a woman who was present at Ford's Theatre when Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth. Other Lincoln hauntings included his grave in Springfield, Illinois, a portrait of Mary Todd Lincoln and a phantom train on nights in April along the same path his funeral train followed from Washington, D.C. to Springfield.

The last sighting of Lincoln's ghost was in the early 1980s, when Tony Savoy, White House operations foreman, came into the White House and saw Lincoln sitting in a chair at the top of some stairs.

Lincoln's son Willie died during Lincoln's presidency. A White House maid during Ulysses S. Grant's administration reported seeing the ghost of the dead boy.

## Elsewhere

The Beauregard-Keyes House in New Orleans is said to be haunted by the ghost of Confederate general P.G.T. Beauregard and an entire regiment of ghost soldiers reenacting the Battle of Shiloh, perhaps Beauregard's worst defeat and a battle that took place 415 miles away in southwest Tennessee.

Fort Davidson Battlefield in Pilot Knob, Missouri is said to have some activity such as hearing cannons going off in the middle of the night, and spirits and shadows of soldiers walking or running by. This has been confirmed by multiple Civil War reenactors.

The Rossborough Inn on the University of Maryland campus is said to be haunted by a Confederate soldier who camped on the college grounds, a man who lost a duel in front of the Inn, and most famously, Miss Bettie, who managed the Inn during the Civil War. The Inn served as the headquarters of Confederate Army General Bradley Tyler Johnson and his cavalry brigade in 1864, while the nearby campus was occupied by both Union and Confederate soldiers.

## Literature

* Coleman, Christopher K. *Ghosts and Haunts of the Civil War* (Nashville: Routledge Hill Press, 1998).
* Coleman, Christopher K. *The Paranormal Presidency of Abraham Lincoln* (Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 2012).
* Nesbitt, Mark *Ghosts of Gettysburg Vols. I-VIII* (Gettysburg: self published).
* Roberts, Nancy *Civil War Ghosts and Legends* (Columbia, SC: Univ. SC Press, 1992).


title: Geslau

abstract: Geslau is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Geslau

**Geslau** is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Geslau | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Lutheran Church of Saint Kilian | |
|  | |
| Location of Geslau within Ansbach district | |
| Geslau Geslau | |
| Coordinates: 49°22′0″N 10°18′53″E / 49.36667°N 10.31472°E / 49.36667; 10.31472 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Mittelfranken |
| District | Ansbach |
| Subdivisions | 14 Ortsteile |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Richard Strauß |
| Area | |
| Total | 41.97 km2 (16.20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 435 m (1,427 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,339 |
| Density | 32/km2 (83/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 91608 |
| Dialling codes | 09867 |
| Vehicle registration | AN |
| Website | www.geslau.de |


title: Minister for Tourism and Heritage

abstract: The post of minister for tourism and heritage was a former junior position in the cabinet of the United Kingdom with responsibilities of handling the tourism industry and the heritage and history of England. The Minister of Tourism and Heritage was located within the portfolio of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The post was at Parliamentary Under Secretary of State level. The former minister of tourism and heritage was John Penrose. Since the September 2012 reshuffle the responsibilities were split with heritage going to the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries and the tourism and licensing responsibilities going to the Minister for Sport and Tourism which is now at the Minister of State level. In 2017, the powers were transferred to a newly formed position: Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism.

text:
# Minister for Tourism and Heritage

The post of **minister for tourism and heritage** was a former junior position in the cabinet of the United Kingdom with responsibilities of handling the tourism industry and the heritage and history of England. The Minister of Tourism and Heritage was located within the portfolio of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The post was at Parliamentary Under Secretary of State level. The former minister of tourism and heritage was John Penrose.

Since the September 2012 reshuffle the responsibilities were split with heritage going to the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries and the tourism and licensing responsibilities going to the Minister for Sport and Tourism which is now at the Minister of State level.

In 2017, the powers were transferred to a newly formed position: Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism.

## Further reading


title: Gibberula subtrigona

abstract: Gibberula subtrigona is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Cystiscidae.

text:
# Gibberula subtrigona

***Gibberula subtrigona*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Cystiscidae.

## InfoBox

| *Gibberula subtrigona* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Cystiscidae |
| Subfamily: | Cystiscinae |
| Genus: | *Gibberula* |
| Species: | ***G. subtrigona*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gibberula subtrigona***<br>(Carpenter, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Type 210 icebreaker

abstract: Type 210 icebreaker with NATO reporting name Yanbing (延冰) class is the second generation icebreaker indigenously developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to replace Type 071/071A/071G Yanha class icebreakers, and itself has since been replaced by Chinese third generation Type 272 Yanrao class icebreaker. Type 210 icebreaker is the improvement over earlier Type 071 icebreakers and it is larger than its predecessor. Type 210 is more capable than its predecessor in that it can break ice of 1.2 meter thick, as opposed to 1 meter thick of Type 071 series. In the 1990s, the forward twin 37 mm gun onboard Type 210 is removed during modernization, with large amount of electronic arrays added, thus also becoming a spy ship. In addition to performing icebreaking and electronic intelligence gathering missions, the third role of Type 210 icebreaker is to perform hydrographic research missions. The name of Type 210 is Haibing (海冰), meaning Sea Ice in Chinese. Specification: The sole unit built with Pennant # 723 has been transferred to Chinese Coast Guard on November 20, 2012.

text:
# Type 210 icebreaker

Type 210 icebreaker with NATO reporting name **Yanbing** (延冰) class is the second generation icebreaker indigenously developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to replace Type 071/071A/071G Yanha class icebreakers, and itself has since been replaced by Chinese third generation Type 272 Yanrao class icebreaker.

Type 210 icebreaker is the improvement over earlier Type 071 icebreakers and it is larger than its predecessor. Type 210 is more capable than its predecessor in that it can break ice of 1.2 meter thick, as opposed to 1 meter thick of Type 071 series. In the 1990s, the forward twin 37 mm gun onboard Type 210 is removed during modernization, with large amount of electronic arrays added, thus also becoming a spy ship. In addition to performing icebreaking and electronic intelligence gathering missions, the third role of Type 210 icebreaker is to perform hydrographic research missions. The name of Type 210 is Haibing (海冰), meaning Sea Ice in Chinese. Specification:

| Type | Pennant # | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 210 | Haibing 723 | 1980s | Dec 31, 1982 | Transferred to Chinese Coast Guard |

The sole unit built with Pennant # 723 has been transferred to Chinese Coast Guard on November 20, 2012.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Operators | People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Preceded by | Type 071 icebreaker |
| Succeeded by | Type 272 icebreaker |
| In service | 1982– |
| Completed | 1 |
| Active | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 4,420 tonnes (4,350 long tons; 4,870 short tons) |
| Length | 102 m (334 ft 8 in) |
| Beam | 17.1 m (56 ft 1 in) |
| Draft | 5.9 m (19 ft 4 in) |
| Installed power | Two diesel engines |
| Speed | 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) |
| Complement | 95 |
| Armament | Twin 37 mm gun |


title: USCGC Active (WPC-125)

abstract: USCGC Active (WPC-125), later WSC-125, was a United States Coast Guard patrol boat in commission from 1926 to 1947 and from 1951 to 1962. She was the first vessel of the Coast Guard and the seventh of the United States Revenue Cutter Service or Coast Guard to bear the name Active.

text:
# USCGC Active (WPC-125)

**USCGC *Active* (WPC-125)**, later **WSC-125**, was a United States Coast Guard patrol boat in commission from 1926 to 1947 and from 1951 to 1962. She was the first vessel of the Coast Guard and the seventh of the United States Revenue Cutter Service or Coast Guard to bear the name *Active*.

## Construction and commissioning

*Active* was built by American Brown Boveri Electric Corporation at Camden, New Jersey. She was commissioned as USCGC *Active* (WPC-125) on 30 November 1926. She was the lead ship of the *Active*-class patrol boats, which were designed for trailing the "mother ships" that supported the smuggling boats of "rum-runners" during Prohibition.

## United States Coast Guard service 1926-1962

In 1938, *Active* was re-engined, her original 6-cylinder diesel engines being replaced by significantly more powerful 8-cylinder units that used the original engine beds and gave her an additional 3 knots of speed.

### World War II service

In September 1941 to May 1942, during World War II, *Active* was stationed at Stapleton on Staten Island, New York, and this was her base when the United States entered World War II on 7 December 1941. During the war, she was reclassified as a submarine chaser and redesignated WSC-125. She operated out of Stapleton until May 1942.

In June 1942, her home port changed to Boston, Massachusetts, and she was assigned to operate under the control of the United States Navy's Commander-in-Chief Atlantic and to work under Destroyers Atlantic. She operated out of Boston until mid-1944, also operating out of Gronnedal, Greenland, while serving on the Greenland Patrol. She later patrolled Ocean Station Able in the Atlantic Ocean from July 1943 to the summer of 1944.

In mid-1944, *Active* was transferred to Miami, Florida, from which she provided escort services in the Caribbean until 1945.

### Post-World War II Atlantic service and lay up

In 1946, *Active* was stationed in Boston again, but was inactive there due to a shortage of personnel. From 1947 to 1950 she was laid up in Cleveland, Ohio.

### Pacific service

Reactivated in 1951, *Active* was stationed at Monterey, California until 1962, providing aid to navigation and performing law-enforcement duties.

## Decommissioning and disposal

After a long and active life, *Active* was decommissioned at Monterey on 2 April 1962. She was sold on 6 September 1963.

* Flynn, Jim; Lortz, Ed; Lukas, Holger (March 2018). "Answer 39/48". *Warship International*. **LV** (January 2018): 23–25. ISSN 0043-0374.
* United States Coast Guard Historian's Office: *Active* (WSC-125)

## InfoBox

| USCGC *Active* in 1927 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USCGC *Active* |
| Namesake | In action; moving; causing action or change |
| Builder | American Brown Boveri Electric Corporation, Camden, New Jersey |
| Cost | $63,163 USD |
| Commissioned | 30 November 1926 |
| Decommissioned | 1947 |
| Recommissioned | 1951 |
| Decommissioned | 2 April 1962 |
| Fate | Sold 6 September 1963 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Active*-class patrol boat |
| Displacement | 232 tons (trial) |
| Length | 125 ft (38 m) |
| Beam | 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m) |
| Draft | 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) |
| Installed power | After 1938 re-engining: 1,200 brake horsepower (0.9 megawatt) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * As built: 10 knots * In 1945: 13 knots (maximum); 8 knots (economical) |
| Range | In 1945: 2,500 nautical miles (4,630 kilometers) at 13 knots; 3,500 nautical miles (6,482 kilometers) at 8 knots |
| Complement | 20 (3 officers, 17 enlisted men) |
| Armament |  |


title: USCF Grand Prix

abstract: The USCF Grand Prix is a set of chess tournaments for prize money rated by the United States Chess Federation. In general, a tournament must have at least $300 in guaranteed prizes to award "Grand Prix" points. At the end of the year, prizes are awarded to players with the most points. The first prize is usually $10,000. These prizes provide incentives to grandmasters to play in small regional tournaments which they would otherwise avoid. The Grand Prix of chess was started in the 1980s by Church's Chicken. As a result, the points awarded at these tournaments were called "chicken points" and the tournaments at which these points were awarded was called the "Chicken circuit". As years passed, the sponsorship has changed. For several years the sponsor was Novag, a maker of chess computers. Currently, the sponsor is ChessCafe. The late Grandmaster Igor V. Ivanov won the Grand Prix of chess nine times. In more recent years, the usual winner had been the late Grandmaster Aleksander Wojtkiewicz. Also, recently, a Grand Prix for younger chess players has been started, through the online chess site World Chess Live, with online tournaments where players earn points based on how they do.

text:
# USCF Grand Prix

The **USCF Grand Prix** is a set of chess tournaments for prize money rated by the United States Chess Federation. In general, a tournament must have at least $300 in guaranteed prizes to award "Grand Prix" points.

At the end of the year, prizes are awarded to players with the most points. The first prize is usually $10,000.

These prizes provide incentives to grandmasters to play in small regional tournaments which they would otherwise avoid.

The Grand Prix of chess was started in the 1980s by Church's Chicken. As a result, the points awarded at these tournaments were called "chicken points" and the tournaments at which these points were awarded was called the "Chicken circuit".

As years passed, the sponsorship has changed. For several years the sponsor was Novag, a maker of chess computers. Currently, the sponsor is ChessCafe.

The late Grandmaster Igor V. Ivanov won the Grand Prix of chess nine times. In more recent years, the usual winner had been the late Grandmaster Aleksander Wojtkiewicz.

Also, recently, a Grand Prix for younger chess players has been started, through the online chess site World Chess Live, with online tournaments where players earn points based on how they do.

## How Prix Points are Awarded

Grand Prix Points are awarded based on place in tournament and prize amount.

For example, if you place 7th first round in a tournament with $5500 grand prize you will gain 6 points for that round.

## 2020 USCF Chess Grand Prix Results

| Place | Name | ID | State | Grand Prix Points | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | JAVAKHADZE, ZURABI | 15574183 | TX | 80 | $5000 |
| 2nd | BRYANT, JOHN DANIEL | 12796667 | CA | 66.5 | $2500 |
| 3rd | SHLYAKHTENKO, ROBERT | 14951916 | CA | 58.5 | $1000 |
| 4th | SHABALOV, ALEXANDER | 12544264 | PA | 57.5 | $900 |
| 5th | GRABINSKY, AARON | 14456386 | OR | 48.6 | $800 |
| 6th | RAMBALDI, FRANCESCO | 13962544 | MO | 44 | $700 |
| 7th | CORRALES JIMENEZ | 14958890 | MA | 42 | $600 |
| 8th | NIEMANN, HANS | 15041466 | CT | 39.43 | $500 |
| 9th-10th | BALAKRISHNAN, PRAVEEN | 14056673 | VA | 38 | $250 |
| 9th-10th | JACOBSON, BRANDON | 14160065 | NJ | 38 | $250 |

## 2021 USCF Chess Grand Prix Results

1. GM Vladimir Belous – 227.18
2. GM Illia Nyzhnyk – 170.67
3. GM Hans Niemann – 168.04
4. GM Brandon Jacobson – 152.08
5. GM Fidel Corrales Jimenez – 141.00
6. GM John Michael Burke – 110.53
7. GM Christopher Repka – 104.83
8. GM Benjamin Gledura – 103.29
9. GM Andrew Hong – 101.13
10. IM Brian Escalante – 100.70

## 2022 USCF Chess Grand Prix Results

1. IM Jason Liang – 222.68
2. GM Brandon Jacobson – 177.20
3. IM John D Bryant – 166.43
4. IM Semen Khanin – 152.35
5. GM Fidel Corrales Jimenez – 137.17
6. IM Mykola Bortnyk – 127.25
7. FM Danila Poliannikov – 124.26
8. GM Mark Paragua – 121.20
9. GM Alexander Fishbein – 103.43
10. GM Andrew Tang – 103.28

## The Junior Grand Prix (JGP)

The JGP was created in 2008 to aid young skillful players in honing their skills with longer time controls and change kids from causal players to life-long ones.

### Characteristics of Tournament

Tournaments will always have less than 65 minutes per person and there are always 4 or more rounds.

### How JGP Points are Awarded

Eligible US Chess members earn points by winning or drawing against higher rated players, based on the pre-event ratings for both players.

For a win against a higher rated player, the number of JGP points earned is 2X the ratings difference, up to a maximum of 700 points per game.

Example: A 1200 player who defeats a 1350 player earns 2X the difference in ratings (150) or 300 points.

For a draw, the number of JGP points earned is the ratings difference, up to a maximum of 350 points per game.

Example: A 1200 player who draws a 1350 player earns the difference in ratings, or 150 points.


title: U.S. Russia Foundation

abstract: The U.S. Russia Foundation (USRF) is an American non-profit organization founded in 2008 that aims to strengthen relations between the United States and Russia and to promote the development of the private sector in the Russian Federation. While initially established with its headquarters in Moscow, the organization attracted negative attention from the Russian government and relocated to Washington, D.C. in 2015.

text:
# U.S. Russia Foundation

The **U.S. Russia Foundation** (USRF) is an American non-profit organization founded in 2008 that aims to strengthen relations between the United States and Russia and to promote the development of the private sector in the Russian Federation. While initially established with its headquarters in Moscow, the organization attracted negative attention from the Russian government and relocated to Washington, D.C. in 2015.

## Leadership

The President and Chief Executive Officer of USRF is Matthew Rojansky, who joined in 2022. Rojansky was previously Director of the Wilson Center's Kennan Institute and Deputy Director of the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Past presidents of USRF include Celeste Wallander (2017-2022) and Mark Pomar (2008-2017). Ambassador John Beyrle serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors (2018–present)*.* Previous chairmen include Ambassador James Collins (2008-2018) and Steve Pease (2008-2018).

## History

### Predecessor: U.S. Russia Investment Fund (1995-2008)

USRF is the legacy organization of the U.S. Russia Investment Fund (TUSRIF), which was established by the United States government in 1995 pursuant to the Support for East European Democracy Act (SEED) of 1989. It was the result of the merger of two funds established in 1993-1994: the $340-million Russian American Enterprise Fund (RAEF) and the $100-million Fund for Large Enterprises (FLEER). Most of the money came from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Its main goal was to promote investments in Russia. It specialized in "early venture, mid venture, and growth capital investments in middle market companies", with a focus on the "media, retail, consumer goods, financial services, information technology, and telecommunication sectors". TUSRIF and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company owned 51% of the Imperial Porcelain Factory until 1999 when it was nationalized by the Government of Russia.

In 2000, it established DeltaBank, the first bank to sell Visa credit cards in Russia. In October 2000, it became a majority shareholder of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Meanwhile, they acquired JPMorgan Chase's banking license in 2000 and established DeltaCredit, the first bank to sell residential mortgages in Russia, in 2001.

By 2005, TUSRIF had invested $300 million in 44 Russian companies, including the aforementioned DeltaBank and DeltaCredit as well as two television networks. However, DeltaCredit was acquired by the Société Générale for $100 million that year. Meanwhile, TUSRIF also invested in small businesses, for example in Nizhny Novgorod.

TUSRIF was replaced by the U.S. Russia Foundation (USRF) in 2008. Three years later, in 2011, the disposal of $150 million from the fund was tabled by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Congress, on the recommendation from the Obama administration that half should go to the United States Department of the Treasury and half to support American values in Russia. By 2012, the Obama administration asked Congress to allocate only $50 million to support human rights non-profit organizations in Russia.

### U.S. Russia Foundation (since 2008)

The establishment of the U.S Russia Foundation was announced by presidents George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin at the 32nd G8 summit in 2006. It was an outgrowth of The U.S. Russia Investment Fund. It was registered in the United States in 2008 and in Russia in 2009. From 2009 to 2015, USRF operated a Moscow office. USRF supported numerous projects in Russia by being a co-funder together with Russian institutions.

Beginning in 2013, USRF along with other Western organizations came under increasing attack by anti-western Russian organizations and media. By 2015, its CEO, Mark Pomar, was denied entry into Russia. Meanwhile, the organization was declared "undesirable" by the 2015 Russian undesirable organizations law. Indeed, the Office of the Prosecutor General of Russia, chaired by Yury Chaika, suggested it posed "a threat to the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the state's security." The United States Department of State (USDS) responded by saying, "We reject the contention that the Foundation's activities constitute a threat to Russia's security. On the contrary, this designation is another deliberate step to further isolate the Russian people from the rest of the world." After the closure of USRF headquarters in Moscow, the Foundation relocated to Washington, D.C. in 2015.

## InfoBox

U.S. Russia Foundation
|
|  |
| Founded | 2008 (2008) |
| Purpose | Russia-United States relations |
| Location |  |
| Origins | 32nd G8 summit |
| Area served | United States, Russia |
| Key people | John Beyrle
(Chairman)
Matthew Rojansky
(President & CEO) |
| Website | usrf.us |


title: Tōru Nakane

abstract: Tōru Nakane is a Japanese actor who was born in Tokyo, Japan on November 6, 1957. He has appeared extensively in pink films and on television. The pink film critics Thomas and Yuko Mihara Weisser commented in 1998 that "he is generally considered one of the best actors in the pink business."

text:
# Tōru Nakane

**Tōru Nakane** (中根徹, *Nakane Tōru*) is a Japanese actor who was born in Tokyo, Japan on November 6, 1957. He has appeared extensively in pink films and on television. The pink film critics Thomas and Yuko Mihara Weisser commented in 1998 that "he is generally considered one of the best actors in the pink business."

## Life and career

### Pink film

Nakane's earliest film credit in the Japanese Movie Database is the April 1982 Roman Porno film *Female Teacher: In Front of the Students* (女教師 生徒の眼の前で, *Onna kyōshi: seito no me no maede*), which was part of the *Female Teacher* series from Nikkatsu. In the next two years, Nakane starred in three gay-themed films for ENK, a studio which almost exclusively produced homosexual oriented works. The trilogy, consisting of *Male Season* a.k.a. *Our Season* (ぼくらの季節, *Bokura No Kisetsu*), *Male Generation* a.k.a. *Our Generation* (*Bokura No Jidai*) and *Male Moment* a.k.a. *Our Moment* (*Bokura No Shunkan*), all directed by Ryūichi Hiroki, were frank and sympathetic to their gay protagonists.

In July 1984, Nakane also appeared in the pink film *High Noon Ripper* (真昼の切り裂き魔, *Mahiru No Kirisaki-ma*) for the Shintōhō Eiga studio, where he was cast as a tabloid editor who plays amateur detective to catch a serial killer slasher. Later that same year, in November 1984, he played a college tutor who was "very popular with the college girls" in the Nikkatsu production *Teacher, Don't Turn Me On!* (先生、私の体に火をつけないで, *Sensei, Watashi No Karada Ni Hi O Tsukenaide*).

In 1985 and again in 1986, Nakane was honored by the Zoom-Up Film Festival (ズームアップ映画祭) as Best Actor in their Zoom-Up Awards for his work in pink film during the previous year. Nakane appeared with actor-director Kazuhiro Sano in the Hisayasu Satō-directed feature for Shintōhō Eiga in March 1988, called *Hard Focus: Eavesdrop* (ハードフォーカス 盗聴＜ぬすみぎき＞, *Hādo Fōkasu tōchō - Nusumi-giki*) \- also known under the director's title of *Survey Map of a Paradise Lost*. The film took the 9th Place Best Film award from the 1988 Pink Grand Prix ceremony.

In October 1989, Nakane played opposite Nao Saejima in the supernatural pink thriller Abnormal Excitement: Nao Saejima, where the Weissers noted his fine performance. The film was chosen as Best Film of the year at the 1989 Pink Grand Prix festival. That same year also saw Nakane in *Molester's Train: Get On From The Back!*, which took the award for Seventh Best Film from the Pink Grand Prix. For his work in such films, Nakane himself won the Pink Grand Prix Best Actor award for the year 1989.

For Toshiki Satō's 1990 film, *Soaking Wet: Touching All Over the Body* (ぐしょ濡れ全身愛撫 ＢＯＤＹ ＴＯＵＣＨ, *Gushonure: Zenshin Aibu*), the Weissers remarked that Nakane was lauded by the mainstream critics for his performance in the film. In April 1993, Nakane performed with AV Idol Yumika Hayashi in the pink film *Molester's Commuter Train: Office Lady's Sexuality* (痴漢通勤電車 ＯＬたちの性, *Chikan Tsūkin Densha: OL-tachi no Sei*), which was distributed by Shintōhō Eiga.

### Later career

Nakane started his television acting career as early as 1997 with a small role in the Tokyo Broadcasting System romantic series *A Forever Love* (最後の恋, *Saigo no koi*). He subsequently appeared in *The Conductor Murder* episode in season 3 (aired in 1999) of the Fuji TV mystery series Furuhata Ninzaburō. In 2008, he performed in Episode 11 of the NTV series Gokusen, which was based on the manga of the same name. Nakane also appeared in several episodes of the 2009 Fuji TV miniseries *The Waste Land* (不毛地帯, *Fumō Chitai*), which was based on the book by Toyoko Yamasaki.

Additionally, Nakane played a part in the 2010 action drama movie *The Negotiator - The Movie* \- also known as *Kōshōnin: The movie - Taimu rimitto kōdo 10,000 m no zunōsen* (交渉人 THE MOVIE タイムリミット 高度10,000mの頭脳戦), which was based on the TV show Kōshōnin.

## Roles

* Naruto - Fuki's Father
* Naruto Shippuden - Ishikawa
* Hunter x Hunter - Basho
* One Piece - Daifugo

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Tōru Nakane | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1957-11-06) November 6, 1957<br>Tokyo, Japan |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1982- |


title: Gigahearts

abstract: Gigahearts is the second studio album by Italian industrial rock band Dope Stars Inc. Lyrically it focuses on traditional cyberpunk beliefs and themes. The album was released in 2006 first in Europe and in other countries including North America and Australia in the following weeks. Like Dope Stars' previous album and EPs, Gigahearts was recorded on the Trisol record label and distributed by them in most of Europe, while Metropolis Records was the distributor in the United States, Canada and much of the rest of the world. Other companies have handled distribution in some counties. Upon release, Gigahearts garnered media attention for Dope Stars as one of the few industrial acts in Italy.

text:
# Gigahearts

***Gigahearts*** is the second studio album by Italian industrial rock band Dope Stars Inc. Lyrically it focuses on traditional cyberpunk beliefs and themes. The album was released in 2006 first in Europe and in other countries including North America and Australia in the following weeks. Like Dope Stars' previous album and EPs, *Gigahearts* was recorded on the Trisol record label and distributed by them in most of Europe, while Metropolis Records was the distributor in the United States, Canada and much of the rest of the world. Other companies have handled distribution in some counties.

Upon release, *Gigahearts* garnered media attention for Dope Stars as one of the few industrial acts in Italy.

## Background

Following the release of their debut album, *Neuromance*, Dope Stars had plans to release a follow-up album immediately. The band had already signed a two-album contract with Trisol Music Group and they chose to keep the label for the new album. The band also decided to record again in Subsound Recording Studios in Rome, Italy. *Gigahearts* was recorded during the early months of 2006. Dope stars' lead singer and Gigaheart's producer, Victor Love stated that his experience of recording and producing tracks gave him the knowledge that enabled him to produce the album. He said that working with *Neuromance* producers Thomas Rainer and John Fryer gave him the opportunity to develop methods to guide tracks for the album as well as produce. Love felt that being able to produce the album himself gave the band a creative hold on the sound of the album and allowed them to convey the mood he had intended while writing the tracks.

Commenting on the role of songs on the album and their recording process, Love stated "It is really important in my opinion that each song should have its special role inside an album and should focus on a particular song idea. This idea should be expressed clearly and should not get lost in details to help the listener to focus on it and understand the feeling that inspired it. Also the production in this sense play a main role, cause each good production should look at the essence of a song and should make its best to put it in vivid light."

As with all other projects of Dope Stars, Victor Love wrote most of the songs for the album in one day. Love said the band spent more time in the studio than with their first album, and greater emphasis on production enhanced the ultimate effect. A single, "Beatcrusher", was chosen to be included on the Saw IV soundtrack, This was following the band's inclusion on previous *Saw film* soundtracks.

Following the release of *Gigahearts*, Dope Stars Inc. toured extensively to promote the album until 2008 when they began focusing on writing new songs. They have since released a third EP album titled *Criminal Intents/Morning Star* which was a precursor to the announcement of the planned release of their third album, *21st Century Slave*.

## Themes and composition

As with all of their albums, *Gigahearts* maintains the theme of technology and human beings interacting. The album title itself is a play on words of the computer term "Gigahertz" combining with "Hearts". The songs themselves take the same lyrical influences with instrument pieces being influenced by 80s Glam Rock and electronica. Victor Love describes the album as "11 tracks to kick your ass very bad but also to satisfy your desire of melodies and electronic exploration."

The album was a significant milestone in the evolution of Dope Stars Inc.’s sound. Love stated the band had wanted to give a specific character and style to each song in line with their goal to complete the range of the band's sound, and to keep the arrangements "clear and direct" with less use of synths than on *Neuromance*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Metal List* |  |
| *Side-Line* | (8/10) |
| *Metal Glory* |  |

Professional reviews for *Gigahearts* have been limited. A critic from *The Metal List*, McAllen, gave the album a nine out of ten. The reviewer cited the strong lyrics of the songs as a bonus. In addition, McAllen praised the guitar solos and the feel of American Alternative music on the tracks. Another reviewer for *Side-Line* called Dope Stars "One of the best recent discoveries from the great Trisol label" and felt the new album would not disappoint fans. The reviewer felt the album stayed consistent with the band's established sound and noted the variety in the tracks moods from upbeat to aggressive as a positive. He also felt the electronic mixing and vocals were a high point of the album. The review concluded with a comment calling the album passionate and refreshing, and described the band as "the new generation of what Goth means in the 21st century" and gave the album an overall eight out of ten. A review by *Metal Glory* gave the album a very positive review of four out of five stars. The reviewer praised the varying tones of the songs while all of them are still able to be danced to. Labeling the band as "Gothic Industrial rock", the reviewer pointed out that while not all metal fans may like the album, fans of artists like Rob Zombie or Peter Tägtgren will like it.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Victor Love; all music is composed by Victor Love

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Multiplatform Paradise" | 3:06 |
| 2. | "Beatcrusher" | 3:32 |
| 3. | "Braindamage" | 4:47 |
| 4. | "Lost" | 4:24 |
| 5. | "Can You Imagine" | 4:13 |
| 6. | "Play 'N' Kill" | 4:47 |
| 7. | "Bang Your Head" | 2:58 |
| 8. | "Just the Same for You" | 4:30 |
| 9. | "Technologic Age" | 3:03 |
| 10. | "Citizen XT99" | 4:23 |
| 11. | "Critical World" | 3:05 |

## Personnel

Creative personnel as follows:

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World | November 17, 2006 | Metropolis | Digital download |
| United States | | | CD, Digipack |
| Canada | | |
| Europe | | Trisol Music Group |
| Japan | | Deathwatch Asia |
| Italy | | Subsound Records |
|

## InfoBox

| Gigahearts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dope Stars Inc. | |
| Released | November 17, 2006 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | Industrial metal
EBM
Industrial rock
Electronic rock |
| Length | 42:48 |
| Label | Trisol Music Group
Metropolis Records |
| Producer | Victor Love |
| Dope Stars Inc. chronology | |
| *Make a Star*
(2006) ***Gigahearts***
(2006) *Criminal Intents/Morning Star*
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Gigahearts* | |
| 1. "Beatcrusher"
Released: October 23, 2007 | |
|  | |


abstract: The UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture is a professional school at the University of California, Los Angeles. Through its four degree-granting departments, it provides a range of course offerings and programs. Additionally, there are eight centers located within the school.

text:
# UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture

The **UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture** (**UCLA Arts**) is a professional school at the University of California, Los Angeles. Through its four degree-granting departments, it provides a range of course offerings and programs. Additionally, there are eight centers located within the school.

## History

In 1919, UCLA's leadership demonstrated an early commitment to offer students opportunities to explore the arts by the establishment of an art gallery and a music department. But in 1939 the College of Applied Arts was founded with the addition of a Department of Art, followed by the College of Fine Arts in 1960, with degrees available in art, dance, music, and theater arts.

Following academic restructuring in the late 1980s, the UC Regents formally approved the establishment of two schools: the School of the Arts and the School of Theater, Film and Television. In 1994 architecture and urban design joined the School of the Arts, which became the School of the Arts and Architecture (UCLA Arts).

Brett Steele was appointed dean of the School of the Arts and Architecture in 2017.

## Departments

* Architecture and Urban Design
* Art
* Design Media Arts
* World Arts and Cultures/Dance

## Facilities

### Production, Research, and Exhibition Units

* Art & Global Health Center
* Art | Sci Center
* Center for Intercultural Performance
* cityLAB
* Experiential Technologies Center
* Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts
* New Wight Gallery

### Facilities

* Eli and Edythe Broad Art Center (comprising the Design Media Arts and Art departments)
* Perloff Hall (consisting of the Architecture and Urban Design department)
* Glorya Kaufman Hall (consisting of the World Arts and Cultures department)

### Institutions

Three public arts institutions, including a major performing arts program (CAP UCLA), are located within the School of the Arts and Architecture. These institutions offer access to leading anthropological, historical and contemporary visual arts exhibitions and collections, as well as presentations by performing artists.

## Notable faculty

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | *Fiat lux*<br>Let there be light |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1939 |
| Parent institution | University of California, Los Angeles |
| Location | Los Angeles, California |
| Campus | Urban |
| Mascot | Bruins |
| Website | arts.ucla.edu |


title: UCLA School of Political Parties

abstract:
The UCLA School of Political Parties is a school of thought that contends that political parties are created by the policy demands of groups in society. It is so named because many of its proponents studied at or are faculty members in UCLA's political science department. The school's views contrast with the view that policy outcomes are secondary or subordinate to the goal of winning office. Their view can be seen in the book The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform by Martin Cohen, David Karol, Hans Noel and John Zaller, and in an article in Perspectives by Kathleen Bawn, Cohen, Karol, Seth Masket, Noel and Zaller. The school builds on earlier theories by E.E. Schattschneider, Joseph Schumpeter and others. Three arguments typify works by the school:
  - Parties are created by "intense policy demanders," who are groups who want specific policies from government. These groups coordinate with other groups to win control of office so as to get their policy goals.
  - Parties are informal organizations. Elected office-holders are not more important than unelected policy demanders.
  - Policy demanders control politics by nominating candidates with whom they agree. The school has become influential in the study of political parties in the United States. The article in Perspectives on Politics, "A Theory of Political Parties: Groups, Policy Demands and Nominations in American Politics", won the Heinz I Eulau Award for best article in Perspectives from the American Political Science Association in 2013. It later won the Jack Walker Award for best article on political parties from the Political Organizations and Parties Section of APSA in 2014.

text:
# UCLA School of Political Parties

**The UCLA School of Political Parties** is a school of thought that contends that political parties are created by the policy demands of groups in society. It is so named because many of its proponents studied at or are faculty members in UCLA's political science department. The school's views contrast with the view that policy outcomes are secondary or subordinate to the goal of winning office. Their view can be seen in the book *The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform* by Martin Cohen, David Karol, Hans Noel and John Zaller, and in an article in *Perspectives* by Kathleen Bawn, Cohen, Karol, Seth Masket, Noel and Zaller.

The school builds on earlier theories by E.E. Schattschneider, Joseph Schumpeter and others.

Three arguments typify works by the school:

1. Parties are created by "intense policy demanders," who are groups who want specific policies from government. These groups coordinate with other groups to win control of office so as to get their policy goals.
2. Parties are informal organizations. Elected office-holders are not more important than unelected policy demanders.
3. Policy demanders control politics by nominating candidates with whom they agree.

The school has become influential in the study of political parties in the United States. The article in *Perspectives on Politics*, "A Theory of Political Parties: Groups, Policy Demands and Nominations in American Politics", won the Heinz I Eulau Award for best article in Perspectives from the American Political Science Association in 2013. It later won the Jack Walker Award for best article on political parties from the Political Organizations and Parties Section of APSA in 2014.

## Bibliography

* Bawn, Kathy, Marty Cohen, David Karol, Seth Masket, Hans Noel and John R. Zaller. 2012. "A Theory of Political Parties: Groups, Policy Demands and Nominations in American Politics." *Perspectives on Politics* 10(3):571-597.
* Cohen, Marty, David Karol, Hans Noel and John Zaller. 2008. *The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Karol, David. 2009. *Party Position Change in American Politics: Coalition Management*. New York: Cambridge University Press.
* Masket, Seth. 2009. *No Middle Ground: How Informal Party Organizations Control Nominations and Polarize Legislatures*. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
* Masket, Seth. and Hans Noel. 2012. "Serving Two Masters: Using Referenda to Assess Partisan versus Dyadic Legislative Representation." *Political Research Quarterly*


abstract: The Minister of Labour and Immigration of the Canadian province of Manitoba is a member of the Executive Council of Manitoba, which is informally known as the Cabinet. This position was formerly known as the Minister of Labour. The Current Minister of Labour and Immigration is Malaya Marcelino. From January 13, 2012, to October 18, 2013, the responsibilities of this portfolio were redistributed between the Minister of Family Services and Labour and the Minister of Immigration and Multiculturalism.

text:
# Minister of Labour and Immigration (Manitoba)

The **Minister of Labour and Immigration** of the Canadian province of Manitoba is a member of the Executive Council of Manitoba, which is informally known as the Cabinet. This position was formerly known as the **Minister of Labour**. The Current Minister of Labour and Immigration is Malaya Marcelino.

From January 13, 2012, to October 18, 2013, the responsibilities of this portfolio were redistributed between the Minister of Family Services and Labour and the Minister of Immigration and Multiculturalism.

## List of ministers of labour and immigration in Manitoba

* (\*) Official title: Minister of Labour and Manpower.
* (\**) Official title: Minister of Labour and Housing.

| Name | Party | Took office | Left office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| William Clubb | Lib-Prog | May 27, 1932 | November 4, 1940 |
| Seymour Farmer | CCF | November 4, 1940 | December 19, 1942 |
| Errick Willis | Cons | December 19, 1942 | February 5, 1944 |
| James McLenaghen | PC | February 5, 1944 | February 11, 1946 |
| C. Rhodes Smith | Lib-Prog | February 11, 1946 | December 14, 1948 |
| Charles Greenlay | PC | December 14, 1948 | 1950 |
|  | Lib-Prog | 1950 | June 30, 1958 |
| John W.M. Thompson | PC | June 30, 1958 | December 21, 1959 |
| John Benson Carroll | PC | December 21, 1959 | December 27, 1963 |
| Obie Baizley | PC | February 27, 1963 | September 24, 1968 |
| Charles Witney | PC | September 24, 1968 | July 15, 1969 |
| Russell Paulley | NDP | July 15, 1969 | October 24, 1977 |
| Norma Price | PC | October 24, 1977 | October 20, 1978 |
| Ken MacMaster(\*) | PC | October 20, 1978 | November 30, 1981 |
| Victor Schroeder(\*) | NDP | November 30, 1981 | July 19, 1982 |
| Mary Dolin(\*) | NDP | July 19, 1982 | January 30, 1985 |
| Alvin Mackling | NDP | January 30, 1985 | September 21, 1987 |
| Muriel Smith(\**) | NDP | September 21, 1987 | May 9, 1988 |
| Edward Connery | PC | May 9, 1988 | April 21, 1989 |
| Gerrie Hammond | PC | April 21, 1989 | September 11, 1990 |
| Darren Praznik | PC | September 11, 1990 | May 9, 1995 |
| Vic Toews | PC | May 9, 1995 | January 6, 1997 |
| Harold Gilleshammer | PC | January 6, 1997 | February 5, 1999 |
| Mike Radcliffe | PC | February 5, 1999 | October 5, 1999 |
| Becky Barrett | NDP | October 5, 1999 | June 25, 2003 |
| Steve Ashton | NDP | June 25, 2003 | November 4, 2003 |
| Nancy Allan | NDP | November 4, 2003 | November 3, 2009 |
| Jennifer Howard | NDP | November 3, 2009 | January 13, 2012 |
| Erna Braun | NDP | October 18, 2013 | May 3, 2016 |
| Jon Reyes | PC | January 30, 2023 | October 18, 2023 |
| Malaya Marcelino | NDP | October 18, 2023 | *incumbent* |


title: USCGC Marcus Hanna

abstract: USCGC Marcus Hanna (WLM-554) is a Keeper-class coastal buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard. Launched in 1997, she is home-ported in South Portland, Maine. Her primary mission is maintaining 376 aids to navigation from Boston to St. John's Bay, Maine. Secondary missions include marine environmental protection, light icebreaking, search and rescue, and security. She is assigned to the First Coast Guard District.

text:
# USCGC Marcus Hanna

**USCGC *Marcus Hanna* (WLM-554)** is a Keeper-class coastal buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard. Launched in 1997, she is home-ported in South Portland, Maine. Her primary mission is maintaining 376 aids to navigation from Boston to St. John's Bay, Maine. Secondary missions include marine environmental protection, light icebreaking, search and rescue, and security. She is assigned to the First Coast Guard District.

## Construction and characteristics

On 22 June 1993 the Coast Guard awarded the contract for the Keeper-class vessels to Marinette Marine Corporation in the form of a firm order for the lead ship and options for thirteen more. The Coast Guard exercised options for three additional ships, including *Marcus Hanna* on 7 February 1996. The ship was launched on 23 August 1997 into the Menominee River. The keynote speaker at the launch ceremony was Assistant Secretary of the Department of Transportation Melissa J. Spillenkothen. Also in attendance was U.S. Representative Jay Johnson. *Marcus Hanna* is the fourth of the fourteen Keeper-class ships built.

Her hull was built of welded steel plates. She is 175 feet (53 m) long, with a beam of 36 feet (11 m), and a full-load draft of 8 feet (2.4 m). *Marcus Hanna* displaces 850 long tons fully loaded. Her gross register tonnage is 904, and her net register tonnage is 271. The top of the mast is 58.75 feet (17.91 m) above the waterline.

Rather than building the ship from the keel up as a single unit, Marinette Marine used a modular fabrication approach. Eight large modules, or "hull blocks" were built separately and then welded together.

The ship has two Caterpillar 3508 DITA (direct-injection, turbocharged, aftercooled) 8-cylinder Diesel engines which produce 1000 horsepower each. These drive two Ulstein Z-drives. Keeper-class ships were the first Coast Guard cutters equipped with Z-drives, which markedly improved their maneuverability. The Z-drives have four-bladed propellers which are 57.1 inches (145 cm) in diameter and are equipped with Kort nozzles. They can be operated in "tiller mode" where the Z-drives turn in the same direction to steer the ship, or in "Z-conn mode" where the two Z-drives can turn in different directions to achieve specific maneuvering objectives. An implication of the Z-drives is that there is no reverse gear or rudder aboard *Marcus Hanna*. In order to back the ship, the Z-drives are turned 180 degrees which drives the ship stern-first even though the propellers are spinning in the same direction as they do when the ship is moving forward. Her maximum speed is 12 knots. Her tanks can hold 16,385 gallons of diesel fuel which gives her an unrefueled range of 2,000 nautical miles at 10 knots.

She has a 500 horsepower bow thruster. The Z-drives and bow thruster can be linked in a Dynamic Positioning System. This gives *Marcus Hanna* the ability to hold position in the water even in heavy currents, winds, and swells. This advanced capability is useful in bringing buoys aboard that can weigh more than 16,000 lbs.

Electrical power aboard is provided by three Caterpillar 3406 DITA generators which produce 285 Kw each. She also has a 210 Kw emergency generator, which is a Caterpillar 3406 DIT.

The buoy deck has 1,335 square feet (124.0 m2) of working area. A crane with a boom 42 feet (13 m) long lifts buoys and their mooring anchors onto the deck. The crane can lift up to 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg).

The ships' fresh water tanks can hold 7,339 gallons. She has three ballast tanks that can be filled to maintain their trim, and tanks for oily waste water, sewage, gray water, new lubrication oil, and waste oil.

Accommodations were designed for mixed gender crews from the start. Crew size and composition has varied over the years. In 2008 *Marcus Hanna* had a crew of 24 commanded by a Chief Warrant Officer.

*Marcus Hanna*, as all Keeper-class ships, has a strengthened "ice belt" along the waterline so that she can work on aids to navigation in ice-infested waters. Not only is the hull plating in the ice belt thicker than the rest of the hull, but framing members are closer together in areas that experience greater loads when working in ice. Higher grades of steel were used for hull plating in the ice belt to prevent cracking in cold temperatures. Her bow is sloped so that rather than smashing into ice, she rides up over it to break it with the weight of the ship. *Marcus Hanna* is capable of breaking flat, 9-inch thick ice at 3 knots.

The ship carries a cutter boat on davits. She was originally equipped with a CB-M boat which was replaced in the mid-2010s with a CB-ATON-M boat. This was built by Metal Shark Aluminum Boats and was estimated to cost $210,000. The boat is 18 feet (5.5 m) long and are equipped with a Mercury Marine inboard/outboard diesel engine.

The ship's namesake is lighthouse keeper Marcus Hanna. On 28 January 1885, Hanna was stationed at the Cape Elizabeth Light near Portland, Maine, when the schooner *Australia* ran up on the rocks nearby in a furious snowstorm. The temperature was 10 degrees below zero, so the spray from the surf immediately froze on everything it touched. The captain of the *Australia* drowned, but two crewmen climbed up the rigging to escape the cold water. Hanna risked falling into the sea himself as he clambered down the ice-covered rocks to get close enough to throw a line to the two men. He was able to haul them ashore, and though suffering from frostbite, they both survived. Hanna was awarded the gold lifesaving medal on 25 April 1885. This was not his first act of valor. On 4 July 1863, then a Union Army sergeant fighting in the siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, Hanna ran through Confederate fire to bring water to troops sweltering in their rifle pits. On 2 November 1895, Hanna was awarded the Medal of Honor for his action. He is the only person to have won both medals.

*Marcus Hanna* replaced USCGC *Spar*, which was decommissioned in 1997.

## Operational history

The ship's crew came on board in October 1997 for training on their new ship. They sailed her from Lake Michigan, through the Great Lakes to reach the Atlantic. On 6 January 1998 *Marcus Hanna* arrived at her new home port in South Portland. She was commissioned at a ceremony on 9 May 1998.

*Marcus Hanna's* buoy tending involves lifting them onto her deck where marine growth is scraped and pressure washed off, inspecting the buoy itself, and replacing lights, solar cells, and radar transponders. The mooring chain or synthetic cable is inspected and replaced as needed. The concrete block mooring anchor is also inspected. The coast of northern New England is prone to difficult weather that requires extra maintenance of the buoys that are assigned to *Marcus Hanna*. For example, a Nor'easter in April 2007 moved 16 buoys up to 400 feet (120 m) from their charted positions. These had to be reset. Two more buoys parted their mooring lines during the storm and drifted away. One washed ashore and the other, a NOAA weather buoy, was captured and taken ashore for repairs. Cold weather also creates additional maintenance since ice can drag buoys off-station or damage them. *Marcus Hanna* swaps some large summer buoys for small ice-resistant ones in the fall and then reverses the process in the spring.

The bulk of *Marcus Hanna's* year is spent at sea tending its buoys, or in port maintaining the ship. She has been asked to perform other missions, as described below.

### Search and rescue

In February 2007, *Marcus Hanna* was dispatched to search for the fishing vessel *Lady Luck*, which had triggered a distress signal 12 miles off Cape Elizabeth.

On 26 May 2016 the fishing boat *Miss Emily* was disabled off of Kennebunkport, Maine. *Marcus Hanna* towed her to Portland for repairs.

### Marine environmental protection

In April 1999 *Marcus Hanna* discovered a 3-mile long oil slick at the mouth of the Kennebec River and identified a suspect vessel. The Coast Guard issued a verbal warning to the captain of the vessel.

Marcus Hanna drilled with the Vessel of Opportunity Skimming System in March 2010 as part of an oil spill exercise. In June 2013 the ship sailed to St. John, New Brunswick to participate in a joint United States/Canada oil spill recovery training exercise.

### Security

The Coast Guard provides security on the East River in New York City when the United Nations General Assembly meets. *Marcus Hanna*, and USCGC *Katherine Walker*, another First District buoy tender, have both exercised in the area.

### Public engagement

The Coast Guard has offered tours aboard *Marcus Hanna* on several occasions. These include:

Gloucester Maritime Heritage Festival in 1998

Coast Guard Base Portland open house in 1999, 2000

Portland Harborfest in 2005

## InfoBox

| USCGC *Marcus Hanna* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Marcus Hanna* |
| Operator | US Coast Guard |
| Builder | Marinette Marine Corporation |
| Launched | 23 August 1997 |
| Commissioned | 9 May 1998 |
| Homeport | South Portland, Maine |
| Identification |  |
| Status | Active |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Keeper-class buoy tender |
| Displacement | 850 long tons (864 t) full load |
| Length | 175 ft (53.3 m) |
| Beam | 36 ft (11.0 m) |
| Draft | 8 ft (2.4 m) |
| Installed power | 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) sustained |
| Propulsion | 2 × Caterpillar 3508 DITA Diesel engines; bow thruster, 500 hp (373 kW) |
| Speed | 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Range | 2000 nautical miles at 10 kn |
| Crew | 24 (2 Officers, 22 Enlisted) |


title: Ministries of the Netherlands

text:
# Ministries of the Netherlands

The most influential part of the executive of the Government of the Netherlands are the ministries. There are fifteen ministries of the Netherlands, all with their own minister. There are also several ministers without portfolio and State Secretaries.

## List

| Ministries | | Responsibilities | Agencies /
Independent Agencies | Minister |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ministry of General Affairs
(Dutch: *Ministerie van
Algemene Zaken*) | **AZ** | Government policyPlanning
InformationDutch royal house | Government Information Service
Scientific Council for Government Policy
Cabinet Office
Review Committee on the Intelligence and Security Services | Dick Schoof
as Prime Minister
and
Minister of General Affairs |
| Ministry of the Interior
and Kingdom Relations
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Binnenlandse
Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties*) | **BZK** | Domestic policyCivil servicePublic administration
ElectionsLocal governments
IntelligenceKingdom Relations | Safety Board
General Intelligence and Security Service
PKIoverheid | Judith Uitermark
as Minister of the Interior
and Kingdom Relations |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs
(Dutch: *Ministerie van
Buitenlandse Zaken*) | **BZ** | Foreign relationsForeign policyInternational development
International tradeEuropean UnionNATOBeneluxDiaspora | Diplomatic Service
Center for the Promotion of Imports | Caspar Veldkamp
as Minister of
Foreign Affairs |
| Ministry of Finance
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Financiën*) | **FIN** | Economic policyMonetary policyFiscal policy
Tax policyIncomes policyFinancial market
RegulationsGovernment budget | Tax and Customs Administration
Fiscal Information and Investigation Service
Authority for the Financial Markets | Eelco Heinen
as Minister of Finance |
| Ministry of
Justice and Security
(Dutch: *Ministerie van
Justitie en Veiligheid*) | **J&V** | Justice systemLaw enforcementPublic security
Emergency managementCounter-terrorism
Legal aidDrug policyIncarcerations | National Police Corps
Public Prosecution Service
National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism
Forensic Institute
Custodial Institutions Agency | David van Weel
as Minister of Justice
and Security |
| Ministry of
Asylum and Migration
(Dutch: *Ministerie van
Asiel en Migratie*) | **A&M** | Immigration policy | Immigration and Naturalisation Service | Marjolein Faber
as Minister of Asylum
and Migration |
| Ministry of Economic Affairs
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Economische
Zaken*) | **EZ** | Commercial policyIndustrial policyInvestment policy
Technology policyMiningTradeSpace policy
Natural resourceTourism | Foreign Investment Agency
Space Office
Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis
Department of Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards
Patent Office
Central Agency for Statistics
Environmental Assessment Agency | Dirk Beljaarts
as Minister of
Economic Affairs |
| Ministry of Climate Policy
and Green Growth
(Dutch: *Ministerie van
Klimaat en Groene Groei*) | **KGG** | Environmental policyClimate change policyRenewable energy policy |  | Sophie Hermans
as Minister of
Climate Policy
and Green Growth |
| Ministry of Defence
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Defensie*) | **DEF** | Armed forcesMilitary policyNational securityVeterans Affairs
Military policeDefence diplomacyHumanitarian aid | Army
Navy
Air Force
Marechaussee
Coastguard
Military Intelligence and Security Service | Ruben Brekelmans
as Minister of Defence |
| Ministry of Health,
Welfare and Sport
(Dutch: *Ministerie van
Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport*) | **VWS** | Health careHealth policyHealth insurance
Pharmaceutical policyVaccination policyWelfare
Biomedical sciencesSport | Institute for Public Health and the Environment
Health Care Inspectorate | Fleur Agema
as Minister of Health,
Welfare and Sport |
| Ministry of Social Affairs
and Employment
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Sociale Zaken
en Werkgelegenheid*) | **SZW** | Social policyEmploymentLabour economics
Occupational safety and healthSocial security
Consumer protectionTrade unionsTrade associationsEmancipation | Social and Economic Council
Inspectorate SZW | Eddy van Hijum
as Minister of
Social Affairs
and Employment |
| Ministry of Education,
Culture and Science
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Onderwijs,
Cultuur en Wetenschap*) | **OCW** | Education policyCultural policyScience policy
Knowledge policyResearchInnovation
ArtGender equalityCommunicationMedia | Public Broadcasting Agency
National Archives
National Library
Equal Treatment Commission | Eppo Bruins
as Minister of Education,
Culture and Science |
| Ministry of Infrastructure
and Water Management
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Infrastructuur
en Waterstaat*) | **I&W** | TransportAviationPublic works
Water Management | Rijkswaterstaat
Driving License and Certificates Agency
Meteorological Institute | Barry Madlener
as Minister of
Infrastructure and
Water Management |
| Ministry of Housing and
Spatial Planning
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting
en Ruimtelijk Ordening*) | **VRO** | Housing policySpatial planning |  | Mona Keijzer
as Minister of Housing and
Spatial Planning |
| Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries, Food Security
and Nature
(Dutch: *Ministerie van Landbouw,
Visserij, Voedselzekerheid
en Natuur*) | **LVVN** | Agricultural policyFood policyFood safetyFisheries
Natural conservationForestryAnimal welfare | Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority | Femke Wiersma
as Minister of Agriculture,
Fisheries, Food Security
and Nature |


title: Tŷ Hafan

abstract: Tŷ Hafan is a Welsh registered charity that provides holistic palliative care for children with life-limiting conditions and their families from throughout Wales. A wide range of care and support is offered at the hospice, based in the Vale of Glamorgan in south Wales, in the community, at hospital or in schools. On 14 October 2014, the Welsh charity hosted its first Research and Innovation Conference, in partnership with Cardiff University, at The Vale Resort. The event provided a showcase for the research and innovation projects of healthcare professionals and academics working in paediatric palliative care.

text:
# Tŷ Hafan

**Tŷ Hafan** is a Welsh registered charity that provides holistic palliative care for children with life-limiting conditions and their families from throughout Wales. A wide range of care and support is offered at the hospice, based in the Vale of Glamorgan in south Wales, in the community, at hospital or in schools.

On 14 October 2014, the Welsh charity hosted its first Research and Innovation Conference, in partnership with Cardiff University, at The Vale Resort. The event provided a showcase for the research and innovation projects of healthcare professionals and academics working in paediatric palliative care.

## History

In 1988 Suzanne Goodall, a newly retired occupational therapist from Beddau in south Wales, felt compelled to bring a children's hospice to Wales and registered Tŷ Hafan as a charity in 1990. In 1993, the site for the hospice building was acquired from Llandough NHS Hospital. The next few years saw huge support from the likes of the *South Wales Echo*, who launched an appeal, and Diana, Princess of Wales, who became the first patron of the Welsh charity.

In 1995, on request from Princess Diana, Luciano Pavarotti performed a concert in Cardiff Castle to raise money for the charity. The building of the hospice started in 1996, and the completed building was handed over to Tŷ Hafan for fitting and equipping in 1997. After much hard work and with the kindness and generosity of the public, Tŷ Hafan opened its doors for the first time in 1999.

In 2004, the Queen acknowledged Suzanne's achievement by investing her as an MBE in the New Year's Honours List.

Beautiful Lives, a four-part BBC One documentary series aired in 2011, followed the lives of the children, families and staff of Tŷ Hafan. A follow-up episode focusing on Catherine and Kirsty, teenage twins who use Tŷ Hafan's services, aired in 2012.

## Events

Tŷ Hafan hosts a series of annual fundraising events, including the Welsh Three Peaks, the Rainbow Run and the Taff Trail Cycle Challenge.

## Patron and celebrity ambassadors

The Prince of Wales became patron in 2001.

Current celebrity ambassadors are actor Michael Sheen, Welsh rugby international Leigh Halfpenny and TV presenters and journalists Rhodri and Lucy Owen.

## Crackerjackpot hospice lottery

Crackerjackpot Lottery in support of Tŷ Hafan, is the largest hospice lottery in the UK.

The weekly top prize is £2,000, with a rollover jackpot of £12,000.

## Publications and reports

Tŷ Hafan produces a variety of publications, including *Insight*, a bi-annual academic journal that aims to share best practice in children's palliative care, and their Annual Review, which outlines key achievements and offers an overview of the different aspects of the service Tŷ Hafan provides.

An inspection report by Health Inspectorate Wales was conducted in March 2012.

## InfoBox

Tŷ Hafan
|
|  |
| Formation | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Sully |
| Region served | Wales |
| Chief Executive | Irfon Rees |
| Chair of the Board | Martin Davies |
| Website | www.tyhafan.org |


title: Tŷ Nant

abstract: Tŷ Nant is a mineral water brand bottled at source in Bethania, Ceredigion, Wales. Tŷ Nant is Welsh for "House by the stream".

text:
# Tŷ Nant

**Tŷ Nant** is a mineral water brand bottled at source in Bethania, Ceredigion, Wales. Tŷ Nant is Welsh for "House by the stream".

## History

The Tŷ Nant water source was discovered in 1976 by a water diviner. A borehole was sunk through one hundred feet of rock and clay to an underground aquifer which was found to be drinkable.

In December 1996, Tŷ Nant invested in a new 45,000 sq ft bottling plant which increased production capacity fivefold. Built with assistance from the Development Board for Rural Wales, it is sited directly above the original borehole where the first waters were drawn in 1976.

## Product range

Tŷ Nant's cobalt blue glass bottle range was launched in 1989, and won the British "First Glass" Award for Design Excellence. A crimson red bottle, called "Tŷ Nant Too", was produced in 1999 to mark the company's 10th anniversary. In 2001 Tŷ Nant entered the PET bottle market. A new product, TAU spring water, was launched in 2003 with an award-winning design.

## Sources

The company sources its spring water from within a 300-acre (120 ha) site, managed sustainably, and situated on the edge of the Cambrian Mountains of Wales. As it is surrounded by rocks of very low transmissivity, the spring consists of recharge directly through the surface of the ground above, whilst lateral flows into the aquifer from the surrounding, relatively low permeability rock are insignificant.

## Current ownership

Tŷ Nant was bought out in 1992 by its Italian distributor, Biscaldi Luigi Import Export Srl.

## InfoBox

Tŷ Nant
|
|  |
| Company type | Privately held company |
| Headquarters | Wales |
| Products | Natural Mineral Water Still & Sparkling |
| Website | http://www.Tynant.com |


title: Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant

abstract: Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant is a house located in the Wybrnant Valley, in the community of Bro Machno, near Betws-y-Coed in Conwy County Borough, North Wales. It was the birthplace of Bishop William Morgan, first translator of the whole Bible into Welsh.

text:
# Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant

**Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant** is a house located in the Wybrnant Valley, in the community of Bro Machno, near Betws-y-Coed in Conwy County Borough, North Wales. It was the birthplace of Bishop William Morgan, first translator of the whole Bible into Welsh.

## Restoration

Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant is owned by the National Trust and has been restored to its probable 16th-century appearance. Despite its name (*Tŷ Mawr*, "Big House") it is very small by today's standards, but it houses some old furniture and a collection of Welsh Bibles, including William Morgan's Bible of 1588. There are also other Bibles in many other languages, donated by visitors to the house from around the world.

## Access

The house is most easily reached from the village of Penmachno, 4 miles from Betws-y-coed, but can also be reached from the A470 between Betws-y-coed and Dolwyddelan.

Ty Mawr Wybrnant closed to visitors in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The collection of Bibles was temporarily moved to a dedicated exhibition at Chirk Castle.

## Etymology

The Afon Wybrnant is the stream near which the house is located, and its name is usually appended to the house's name to distinguish it from other Tŷ Mawrs. The origins of the name Wybrnant are not wholly known. Although *nant* denotes a small stream and *wybr* is an old word for sky or cloud, some would have it that the word is derived from a corruption of *gwiber*, meaning "adder" or "viper". According to legend, long ago a gwiber was a huge flying snake, and one lived in this valley.

## InfoBox

Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Bro Machno, Conwy County Borough, Wales |
| Coordinates | 53°03′17″N 3°50′12″W / 53.0547361°N 3.8365888°W / 53.0547361; -3.8365888 |
| Type | Historic house museum |
| Owner | National Trust |
| Website | Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant |


title: Miraflores, Boyacá

abstract: Miraflores is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Lengupá Province. Miraflores has been the site of the ocobos (Tree)

text:
# Miraflores, Boyacá

**Miraflores** is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Lengupá Province.

Miraflores has been the site of the ocobos (Tree)

## Climate

| Climate data for Miraflores (Vivero El), elevation 1,640 m (5,380 ft), (1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.3
(77.5) | 26.2
(79.2) | 25.8
(78.4) | 24.8
(76.6) | 24.0
(75.2) | 22.8
(73.0) | 22.2
(72.0) | 22.2
(72.0) | 23.8
(74.8) | 24.3
(75.7) | 24.3
(75.7) | 24.6
(76.3) | 24.1
(75.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.1
(66.4) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.4
(66.9) | 18.9
(66.0) | 18.2
(64.8) | 17.8
(64.0) | 17.8
(64.0) | 18.4
(65.1) | 18.8
(65.8) | 18.9
(66.0) | 18.9
(66.0) | 18.8
(65.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.2
(57.6) | 14.7
(58.5) | 15.0
(59.0) | 15.1
(59.2) | 14.7
(58.5) | 14.4
(57.9) | 14.1
(57.4) | 14.2
(57.6) | 14.2
(57.6) | 14.5
(58.1) | 14.6
(58.3) | 14.5
(58.1) | 14.4
(57.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23.0
(0.91) | 32.3
(1.27) | 72.1
(2.84) | 136.9
(5.39) | 218.5
(8.60) | 252.9
(9.96) | 252.0
(9.92) | 221.9
(8.74) | 153.7
(6.05) | 135.7
(5.34) | 104.9
(4.13) | 52.6
(2.07) | 1,626.2
(64.02) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6 | 10 | 14 | 21 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 22 | 22 | 19 | 11 | 228 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 81 | 84 | 87 | 89 | 91 | 92 | 91 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 86 | 88 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Media related to Miraflores, Boyacá at Wikimedia Commons

5°11′47″N 73°08′40″W / 5.19639°N 73.14444°W / 5.19639; -73.14444

## InfoBox

| Miraflores, Boyacá | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
| Church | |
|  | |
| Location of the municipality and town of Miraflores, Boyacá in the Boyacá Department of Colombia. | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Department | Boyacá Department |
| Province | Lengupá Province |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Fredy Alexander Holguín Ruíz
(2020-2023) |
| Population (Census 2018) | |
| Total | 8,274 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |


title: Mustapha Belkhodja

abstract: Mustapha Belkhodja is a Tunisian former tennis player. Belkhodja was the boys' singles champion at the 1956 French Championships and had to beat Rod Laver to win the title. In 1961 he reached the men's singles third round of the Wimbledon Championships, defeating two British players en route. He registered career wins over Clark Graebner and John Newcombe.

text:
# Mustapha Belkhodja

**Mustapha Belkhodja** (born 16 April 1938) is a Tunisian former tennis player.

Belkhodja was the boys' singles champion at the 1956 French Championships and had to beat Rod Laver to win the title. In 1961 he reached the men's singles third round of the Wimbledon Championships, defeating two British players en route. He registered career wins over Clark Graebner (in 1962) and John Newcombe (in 1963).

## InfoBox

Mustapha Belkhodja
| Country (sports) | Tunisia |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1938-04-16) 16 April 1938 |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Singles | |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| French Open | 3R (1961, 1963) |
| Wimbledon | 3R (1961) |
| US Open | 2R (1962) |
| Medal record      All-Africa Games  1965 Brazzaville Singles | |


title: Obesere

abstract: Abass Akande Obesere also known by his stage name Omo Rapala, is a Nigerian artist, Singer and record producer who is a native of Ibadan, the largest city in Western Nigeria. A popular Fuji musician, Obesere forced his way into the limelight through his unusual music style and slangs usage that throws his fans into a frenzy. Following the paths of other successful musicians such as Sikiru Ayinde Barrister, Obesere also has taken his own brand of Fuji music all over the world. He was initially signed with Sony Music but moved onto other labels after payment disputes. For most of his musical career, he had a long-time rivalry with K1 De Ultimate who is also a popular Fuji musician. He is currently signed with Mayors Ville Entertainment an artist management firm, a subsidiary of Maxgolan Entertainment Group, a record company located in Lagos, Nigeria. Alhaji Obesere survived a ghastly car accident at Ijebu-Ode in his Lexus jeep LX470 on his way to Lagos. The accident occurred on Sunday April 8, 2012 at around 7:30pm. Report said that the artist and 2 other passengers only sustained minor injuries and were immediately transferred to Orisunbare Hospital, Jakande Isolo, Lagos.

text:
# Obesere

**Abass Akande Obesere** (born January 20, 1965) also known by his stage name **Omo Rapala**, is a Nigerian artist, Singer and record producer who is a native of Ibadan, the largest city in Western Nigeria. A popular Fuji musician, Obesere forced his way into the limelight through his unusual music style and slangs usage that throws his fans into a frenzy. Following the paths of other successful musicians such as Sikiru Ayinde Barrister, Obesere also has taken his own brand of Fuji music all over the world. He was initially signed with Sony Music but moved onto other labels after payment disputes. For most of his musical career, he had a long-time rivalry with K1 De Ultimate who is also a popular Fuji musician.

He is currently signed with Mayors Ville Entertainment an artist management firm, a subsidiary of Maxgolan Entertainment Group, a record company located in Lagos, Nigeria.

Alhaji Obesere survived a ghastly car accident at Ijebu-Ode in his Lexus jeep LX470 on his way to Lagos. The accident occurred on Sunday April 8, 2012 at around 7:30pm. Report said that the artist and 2 other passengers only sustained minor injuries and were immediately transferred to Orisunbare Hospital, Jakande Isolo, Lagos.

## Discography

### Albums

* "Introduction (1992)"
* "Mr. Magic (1992)"
* "Oodua"
* "Diplomacy"
* Elegance
* "Live in Europe"
* "Asakasa" (Sony)
* "O.B.T.K" (Sony)
* "Mr. Teacher" (Sony)
* "Omorapala Overthrow" (Dudu Heritage)
* "American Faaji Series 1&2" (Dudu Heritage)
* Mr Teacher
* "His Excellency" (Bayowa)
* "Egungun Be Careful (Bayowa)
* "Old Skool Lape" (Bayowa)
* "Apple Juice" (Bayowa)
* "Okokoriko" (Bayowa)
* "Obaadan" (Bayowa)
* "Effissy" (Corporate Pictures)
* "Confirmation" (Corporate Pictures)
* New Face
* Jaforie
* Alaimore (Ingrate)

#### Singles

* Egungun Be Careful
* Baby Mi sexy
* Murderer
* EKO
* Paraga (ft Fayrous)
* Ebelesua (ft Olamide)
* Mobinu tan
* Emi ni
* Basira
* Slow Slow (Remix)
* Ja Fo rie (ft Reminisce)
* Ibi ni ma kusi (ft Mz Kizz)
* Ki nan so (ft 9ice)
* Obesere tilo
* Alhaji (ft Seriki)
* Ki nan so (ft 9ice) (Remix)
* Baby mi (Ft 2star)
* Wind E
* E ma le won
* GBO se yen so
* Asakasa
* O.B.T.K
* Mr Teacher
* Ileke Idi
* Omo iku
* Mr Teacher part II
* Baba Baba Tide
* Amin ase
* Ibaje

## InfoBox

| Abass Akande | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | **Abass Akande** |
| Also known as | **Omo Rapala**, **Papa Tosibe**, **Sidophobia**, **Oba Alasakasa**, **Omo Idan** |
| Born | January 20 1965 (age 5859)<br>Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 1981present |
| Labels | * Freeworld Music * Mayors Veil Entertainment * Sony Music * Bayowa Records |


title: Ged Maybury

abstract: Ged Maybury is a children's book author. He was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1953, spent his childhood in Dunedin, and has been based in Australia since 2002. He has been writing books for children and young adults since 1984. He was a finalist in the AIM New Zealand Children's Book Awards 1994 with The Triggerstone, and in the NZ Post Children's Book Awards 2001; with Crab Apples. He writes science fiction, in particular of the steampunk subgenre, and humour. In 2019, he digitally re-released his 'Horse Apples' series, including the missing fourth book: Dinosaur Apples, set in Australia. In the same year, he released five other children's books and a six-book Steampunk series “Across the Stonewind Sky”.

text:
# Ged Maybury

**Ged Maybury** is a children's book author. He was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1953, spent his childhood in Dunedin, and has been based in Australia since 2002. He has been writing books for children and young adults since 1984. He was a finalist in the AIM New Zealand Children's Book Awards 1994 with *The Triggerstone*, and in the NZ Post Children's Book Awards 2001; with *Crab Apples*. He writes science fiction, in particular of the steampunk subgenre, and humour.

In 2019, he digitally re-released his 'Horse Apples' series, including the missing fourth book: Dinosaur Apples, set in Australia. In the same year, he released five other children's books and a six-book Steampunk series “Across the Stonewind Sky”.

## Bibliography

* *Timetwister* (also known as *Time Twister*), 1986
* *Silicone Stew*, 1990
* *StarTroopers*, 1991
* *The Triggerstone*, 1993
* *The Seventh Robe*, 1993
* *The Rebel Masters*, 1995
* *Hive of the Starbees*, 1995
* *Horse Apples*, 1998
* *Crab Apples*, 2000
* *I Am Leatherman*, 2001
* *Pig Apples*, 2002
* *Scuttle and the Zipzaps*, 2003
* *Snowcave Inn*, 2005
* *Nosebleed*, 2013 (published by Blake Education)
* *Tears Before Half Time*, 2019
* *Girl Germs*, 2019
* *The Sizzlewitz List*, 2019
* *Horse Apples*, 2019
* *Crab Apples*, 2019
* *Pig Apples*, 2019
* *Dinosaur Apples*, 2019
* *Me Ma Supial*, 2019
* Steampunk Series
    + *Across the Stonewind Sky*, 2019
    + *Into the Heart of Varste*, 2019
    + *Hoverrim the Hunted*, 2019
    + *Into the Lair of LeRoosh*, 2019
    + *Voyage of the Silver Dawn*, 2019
    + *Into the Queen's Domain*, 2019

## InfoBox

| Ged Maybury | |
| --- | --- |
| Ged Maybury in steampunk outfit, 2011 | |
| Born | 1953<br>Christchurch, New Zealand |
| Occupation | Novelist, short story author, screenwriter |
| Genre | Science fiction, Children |


title: Valentyn Sypavin

abstract: Valentyn Viktorovych Sypavin is a Ukrainian mountaineer and ice climber, who has summited Mount Everest six times. Following ten rope fixers, who summited on the evening of May 10, 2024, Sypavin became the first foreigner to summit, along with the legendary Sanu Sherpa, during the 2024 season on May 11, 2024 at 4:00 am. In 2013, Sypavin became the third in the overall UIAA Ice Climbing World Cup and came second in the UIAA Ice Climbing World Championships.

text:
# Valentyn Sypavin

**Valentyn Viktorovych Sypavin** (born 3 August 1983, Kharkiv, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian mountaineer and ice climber, who has summited Mount Everest six times. Following ten rope fixers, who summited on the evening of May 10, 2024, Sypavin became the first foreigner to summit, along with the legendary Sanu Sherpa, during the 2024 season on May 11, 2024 at 4:00 am. In 2013, Sypavin became the third in the overall UIAA Ice Climbing World Cup and came second in the UIAA Ice Climbing World Championships.

## Climbing career

Sypavin started ice climbing in 2008 when he began training and actively participating in competition ice climbing events. He also established several dry-tooling venues in Crimea.

Sypavin later started working as a mountain guide and founded his own adventure company called Alpomania.

He is a Guinness World Record holder in the highest attitude kayaking, which he did at 6370 meters in Atacama, Chile, on 4 January 2020.

In 2022, Sypavin led the first Ukrainian Antarctic expedition to the Vinson Massif.

## Personal life

Sypavin has worked as a fire service trainer, and also used to work as a university teacher.

## Rankings

### Ice Climbing World Championships

|  | 2013 | 2015 | 2017 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lead | 2 | 4 | 6 |

### Ice Climbing World Cup

|  | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Overall | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 10-11 |
|  | 4,,15,,9 | ,,6,6,4 | 4,6,-,7,6 | 6-8,2,8,4,-,5 | 14,4,-,9 | 4,17,5,28,17 |
|

## Notable ascents

## InfoBox

Valentyn Sypavin
| Valentyn Sypavin on Everest | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Birth name | Valentyn Viktorovych Sypavin |
| Born | (1983-08-03) 3 August 1983<br>Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Occupation | Professional climber |
| Website | Alpomania |
|  | |
| Climbing career | |
| Type of climber |  |
|  | |
| Medal record      Men's competition ice climbing  Representing  Ukraine  UIAA Ice Climbing  2013 World Cup Overall  2013 World Championship Lead | |


title: Gurusharan Sharma

abstract: Gurusharan Sharma is a retired judge of Jharkhand High Court, Ranchi, India.

text:
# Gurusharan Sharma

**Gurusharan Sharma** (born 15 January 1942) is a retired judge of Jharkhand High Court, Ranchi, India.

## Early life

He was born in Pandarak in the Indian state of Bihar and hid father was late Giriwardari Sharma. He completed his schooling in 1956 from Punyark Vidya Mandir, Pandarak, and obtained a post-graduation degree in political science in 1963 from Patna University, Patna, and completed his Bachelor of Law from the same university in 1965.

## Professional life

On 23 August 1966, he was enrolled as an advocate in the Bar Council of Bihar, and commenced his practice of law in Patna High Court, Patna. On 19 October 1992, he was elevated to the position of a judge of Patna High Court. Subsequently, he was appointed a judge of Jharkhand High Court on 15 November 2000.