title: We Should Be Together (album)

abstract: We Should Be Together is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released on June 19, 1979. Like all of her previous albums for United Artists, Allen Reynolds produced. It peaked at #9 on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with two of its tracks reaching the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart: "Your Kisses Will" (#7) and "Your Old Cold Shoulder" (#5). The album title comes from the album's last song, written by Allen Reynolds, and which was previously a hit single for Don Williams in 1974.

text:
# We Should Be Together (album)

***We Should Be Together*** is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released on June 19, 1979. Like all of her previous albums for United Artists, Allen Reynolds produced. It peaked at #9 on the *Billboard* Country Albums chart, with two of its tracks reaching the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles chart: "Your Kisses Will" (#7) and "Your Old Cold Shoulder" (#5). The album title comes from the album's last song, written by Allen Reynolds, and which was previously a hit single for Don Williams in 1974.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Record Mirror* |  |

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sneakin' Out the Back Door" | James Valentini, Frank Saulino | 2:19 |
| 2. | "You'll Be Loved Someday" | Sandy Mason Theoret | 2:41 |
| 3. | "Beyond You" | Bill Gatzimos, Crystal Gayle | 2:38 |
| 4. | "You're the Best Thing in My Life" | Charley Sauls | 2:41 |
| 5. | "Time Will Prove That I'm Right" | Harlan Howard | 2:38 |
| 6. | "Your Kisses Will" | Van Stephenson | 2:05 |
| 7. | "Your Old Cold Shoulder" | Richard Leigh | 2:17 |
| 8. | "Through Believing in Love Songs" | Gatzimos, Gayle | 2:39 |
| 9. | "Too Deep for Tears" | Leigh | 2:11 |
| 10. | "We Should Be Together" | Allen Reynolds | 3:06 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| We Should Be Together | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Crystal Gayle | |
| Released | June 19, 1979 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 24:15 |
| Label | United Artists |
| Producer | Allen Reynolds |
| Crystal Gayle chronology | |
| *When I Dream*
(1978) ***We Should Be Together***
(1979) *Classic Crystal*
(1979) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *We Should Be Together* | |
| 1. "Your Kisses Will"
Released: July 1979 2. "Your Old Cold Shoulder"
Released: November 1979 | |
|  | |


title: Treason Act 1540

abstract: The Treason Act 1540 was an Act of the Parliament of England. Its long title was "An Act declaring the Dissolution of the King's pretensed Marriage with the Lady Anne of Cleves." The Act confirmed that the marriage between King Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves was annulled. They had married on 6 January 1540, but Henry had had the marriage annulled on 9 July of the same year. The Act also made it high treason for anyone "by word or deed, to accept, take, judge, or believe the said marriage to be good, or to procure or do any thing to the repeal of this act."

text:
# Treason Act 1540

The **Treason Act 1540** (32 Hen. 8. c. 25) was an Act of the Parliament of England. Its long title was "An Act declaring the Dissolution of the King's pretensed Marriage with the Lady Anne of Cleves."

The Act confirmed that the marriage between King Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves was annulled. They had married on 6 January 1540, but Henry had had the marriage annulled on 9 July of the same year. The Act also made it high treason for anyone "by word or deed, to accept, take, judge, or believe the said marriage to be good, or to procure or do any thing to the repeal of this act."

* *Statutes at Large,* vol. IV, Danby Pickering, Cambridge University Press, 1765.

## InfoBox

Treason Act 1540
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of England | |
| Long title | An Act declaring the Dissolution of the King's pretensed Marriage with the Lady Anne of Cleves. |
| Citation | 32 Hen. 8. c. 25 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 24 July 1540 |
| Repealed | 30 July 1948 |
| Other legislation | |
| Repealed by | Statute Law Revision Act 1948 |
| Status: Repealed | |


title: Ottokar II of Styria

abstract:
Ottokar II was Margrave of Styria. He was the son of Ottokar I and grandfather of Ottokar III, from the dynasty of the Otakars. In the investiture dispute, he sided with the pope, which resulted in a battle with his brother Adalbero, who sided with the emperor, but died in 1086 or 1087.
After the Eppensteiner dynasty went extinct, Ottokar inherited their possessions in the Mur and Mürz valleys. He founded the Benedictine monastery in Garsten in 1108.

text:
# Ottokar II of Styria

**Ottokar II** (died 28 November 1122) was Margrave of Styria.

He was the son of Ottokar I and grandfather of Ottokar III, from the dynasty of the Otakars. In the investiture dispute, he sided with the pope, which resulted in a battle with his brother Adalbero, who sided with the emperor, but died in 1086 or 1087. After the Eppensteiner dynasty went extinct, Ottokar inherited their possessions in the Mur and Mürz valleys. He founded the Benedictine monastery in Garsten (Upper Austria) in 1108.

## Family and children

Ottokar II was married in 1090 to Elisabeth, daughter of Leopold II of Austria and Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg, and had three children:

1. Leopold the Strong.
2. Kunigunde (died 28 July 1161), married to Bernhard, Count of Sponheim-Marburg.
3. Willibirg (died 18 January 1145), married to Ekbert II, Count of Formbach-Pitten.


title: Margaret Michaels

abstract: Margaret Michaels is a former American actress best known for appearing as the characters of Pamela Barnes Ewing (#2) and Jeanne O'Brien on the CBS primetime soap opera Dallas, and as Santana Andrade #2 on the NBC daytime soap opera Santa Barbara.

text:
# Margaret Michaels

**Margaret Michaels** is a former American actress best known for appearing as the characters of Pamela Barnes Ewing (#2) and Jeanne O'Brien on the CBS primetime soap opera *Dallas*, and as Santana Andrade #2 on the NBC daytime soap opera *Santa Barbara*.

## Life and career

Michaels was born in the state of Virginia. Winner of various beauty contests, she started her acting career after working as a make-up artist for glamour photographers. She moved in front of the camera doing television commercials and print modeling with the Joan Mangum Agency, followed by small parts on various TV shows including *Dynasty* and guest-starring roles in *The Jeffersons* and the television series *Stingray*. After appearing in the 1983 film *Scarface* and guest-starring on *Scarecrow and Mrs. King*, Michaels was cast as Santana Andrade on the NBC daytime soap opera *Santa Barbara*, replacing Ava Lazar.

In the late 1980s, Warner Bros. was looking for a Victoria Principal lookalike to step into the role of Pamela Ewing on the series *Dallas*, after Principal had left. Late in 1988 Leonard Katzman, the show's producer, cast Michaels and she appeared in the first episode of the 12th season, as Pamela Barnes Ewing. The change in appearance was attributed to plastic surgery after Pam's near-fatal car accident.

In the penultimate season 13, the producers of the series were now looking for a Pam look-alike in order to give Bobby one last fling before his marriage to April Stevens, played by Sheree J. Wilson, and to give Bobby Ewing a chance to say goodbye to his former wife as he did not have the chance when Pamela had left abruptly in 1987. Michaels was asked by Katzman to return to the show, this time not as Pamela Ewing, but as a Pam Ewing lookalike named Jeanne O'Brien. After her stint as Jeanne on the show, Michaels' character was written out.

After *Dallas*, Michaels acted in an independent movie that was never released, and worked on stage. She is married to Beverly Hills surgeon Dr. Richard William Fleming.

## InfoBox

| Margaret Michaels | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1952-05-01) May 1, 1952 |
| Occupation | Television actress |


title: Global Graphics

abstract: Global Graphics PLC is known for its digital printing and document technology including the Harlequin and Jaws RIPs and the gDoc digital document software. The Company supplies its software under license to Original Equipment Manufacturers and software vendors who build products around it. Today it is primarily used in the Digital Front Ends of new generation digital and inkjet production presses and in desktop and mobile productivity software products. The Company has a large share of the photobook and newspaper markets. It is listed on the Euronext stock exchange in Brussels under the symbol GLOG.

text:
# Global Graphics

**Global Graphics PLC** is known for its digital printing and document technology including the Harlequin and Jaws RIPs and the gDoc digital document software. The Company supplies its software under license to Original Equipment Manufacturers and software vendors who build products around it. Today it is primarily used in the Digital Front Ends of new generation digital and inkjet production presses and in desktop and mobile productivity software products. The Company has a large share of the photobook and newspaper markets. It is listed on the Euronext stock exchange in Brussels under the symbol GLOG.

## History

Global Graphics was incorporated in 1996 in Nancy, France in connection with the acquisition of the Photomeca group of companies and at the time was primarily a pre-press hardware business. However, in 1999 Global Graphics expanded into the printing software market with the acquisition of the Harlequin Group and in 2000 of 5D Solutions through which it acquired the Jaws RIP and Jaws PDF® range of technologies. In 2002 it divested itself of its hardware businesses altogether, emerging as a software only company.

As a result of the Company’s expertise in Page Description Languages such as PostScript® and PDF, in 2003 Global Graphics was chosen by Microsoft to provide consultancy and proof of concept development services on XPS, Microsoft’s new print and document format, and worked with the Windows development teams on the specification for the new format. XPS remains the format for Windows operating systems going forward.
In 2009, Global Graphics introduced the gDoc brand as the successor to the Jaws PDF range, initially as stand-alone productivity applications, such as gDoc Fusion and gDoc Creator. In 2015 these were spun off onto a separate web site, gDoc Inspired, to showcase examples of software applications that can be built on the gDoc Application Platform and the gDoc Printer Platform.

In 2015 Global Graphics purchased its long-standing customer RTI, located in Sarasota, Florida, USA. RTI provides and supports custom-branded versions of the Harlequin RIP direct to print service providers and printing equipment manufacturers, mostly in the North American market. Quick to take advantage of the internet selling RTI has grown a successful on-line sales operation over the past 20 years. In September 2015 Global Graphics acquired font manufacturer URW++ Design & Development GmbH located in Hamburg, Germany. The company invented digital outline font technology and tools 35 years ago and is one of the few remaining font foundries that date from the pre-PostScript era. In addition to licensing their extensive type libraries to the graphic design market they develop exclusive corporate typefaces, counting brands such as General Motors, Mercedes Benz and Siemens among their customer base.

In December 2016, Global Graphics acquired TTP Meteor Limited, specialists in printhead driver systems, from the TTP Group plc based near Cambridge, UK.

In December 2017, Global Graphics expanded its relationship with HP Indigo to include HP Indigo's range of label and packaging presses.

Global Graphics has main offices in Cambourne, UK; Acton MA, USA; and Tokyo, Japan.

In May 2018, Global Graphics Software introduced Mako, software development kit (SDK) for preparing documents for print and designed to give complete control over pre-press files.

In November 2019 Global Graphics PLC acquired Xitron, LLC (“Xitron”), a company headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Xitron develops workflow systems and interfaces to drive prepress output devices.

## InfoBox

Global Graphics SA
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | Euronext: GLOG |
| Industry | Software |
| Founded | Nancy (1996) |
| Headquarters | Cambourne, Cambridgeshire, UK |
| Website | Global Graphics |


title: Frannie Crouse

abstract: Frances Emeline Crouse is an American former soccer player who played as a forward for the North Carolina Courage in the National Women's Soccer League.

text:
# Frannie Crouse

**Frances Emeline Crouse** (born September 21, 1995) is an American former soccer player who played as a forward for the North Carolina Courage in the National Women's Soccer League.

## Early life

Crouse was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, to parents Samuel and Thursa Crouse. She has two other siblings: Samantha and Colby. Crouse played club soccer with Beadling Soccer Club, helping her team win three State Cup Championships and bronze medal in the US Youth Soccer National Championships in 2010.

## College career

Crouse attended Penn State University, majoring in advertising and public relations. In her final year at Penn State, she was named to the MAC Hermann Trophy Watch List.

## Club career

### North Carolina Courage, 2018

Coming off an injury in her senior year at Penn State, Crouse was drafted 10th overall by the North Carolina Courage in the 2018 NWSL College Draft, in which she was surprised to be drafted to begin with. She obtained her first professional cap and first professional goal on June 3, 2018, against the Houston Dash. She was released by the Courage on June 15 but would continue to train with the club. On June 22, realizing NWSL rosters were locked, Crouse said, "I mean they are basically full, so I was hoping that maybe they would consider me, but if it doesn't and that was my last game I ever played in the NWSL I left on a good note. Something I'll always remember." By July, she was no longer with the team, and by January 2019, Crouse declared herself retired.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | League | Season | League | | Playoffs | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| North Carolina Courage | NWSL |
| | | 2018 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Career total | | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## Honors

**Penn State Nittany Lions**

## InfoBox

Frannie Crouse
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Frances Emeline Crouse | | |
| Date of birth | (1995-09-21) September 21, 1995 | | |
| Place of birth | Latrobe, Pennsylvania, United States | | |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Beadling SC | | |
| 2011–2014 | Greensburg Central Catholic | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014–2017 | Penn State Nittany Lions | 92 | (37) |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2018 | North Carolina Courage | 1 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2017 | United States U23 |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Take Care, Your Highness!

abstract: Take Care, Your Highness! is a 1985 Hong Kong historical drama television series produced by TVB and starring Andy Lau in the title role of Kin-lung Emperor, the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The series focuses on the power struggle in the Imperial Qing Palace, telling the story of righteous folks while also presenting a hesitant love story.

text:
# Take Care, Your Highness!

| Take Care, Your Highness! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 皇上保重 |
| Simplified Chinese | 皇上保重 |
| Literal meaning | "Emperor, Take Care" |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Huáng Shàng Bǎo Zhòng  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Wong4 Seong6 Bou2 Zung6 | |
|  | |

***Take Care, Your Highness!*** is a 1985 Hong Kong historical drama television series produced by TVB and starring Andy Lau in the title role of Kin-lung Emperor, the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The series focuses on the power struggle in the Imperial Qing Palace, telling the story of righteous folks while also presenting a hesitant love story.

## Plot

Prince Po (Andy Lau) possesses extraordinary talent but has an uninhibited nature, which worries his father Yung-ching Emperor (Lau Siu-ming) as he cannot decide whether Po can inherit his throne and promote the Manchu Foundation. In order to pave the way for Po as his successor, Yung-ching breaks up Po's romance with Suen Fuk-yu (Carina Lau), an ethnic Han Chinese, and declares her a Princess, which makes her become Po's younger adoptive-sister. Yung-ching also declares the daughter of Lee Wing-po, the most powerful man of the Eight Banners, as Crown Princess. Although Yung-ching have broke them up, Po and Fuk-yu still date secretly.

Not long after, Yung-ching was assassinated and Prince Po inherits his throne, becoming the Kin-lung Emperor. Because Kin-lung did not understand statecraft, plus the chaotic rebellion of the Miao people, he releases his uncle, the 14th Prince Wan-tai (Paul Chun), who once failed the fight for the throne against Yung-ching. Wan-tai regains his position and helps Kin-lung with government affairs and made it very well organized. However, Wan-tai's ambition comes up again, and desires to seize the throne. Wan-tai then spread rumors everywhere citing Kin-lung has left Beijing to trace his origin. Wan-tai awaits his opportunity to seize the throne. Kin-lung travels to the south in disguise as a civilian and there, he becomes acquainted with Chow Yat-ching (Ha Yu), Tan-ka Mui and Chiu Nam-sing (Sean Lau), whom are members of the Anti-Qing society "Chung Yee Tong". After a thorough investigation, Kin-lung was able to prove that he is indeed a Manchu and knows that Wan-tai is up to no good. After Kin-lung's identity was exposed, the members of "Chung Yee Tong" turned against him and Kin-lung can must reverse the situation to resolve the crisis both inside and outside of the palace.

## Cast

*Note: Some of the characters' names are in Cantonese romanisation.* * Andy Lau as Kin-lung Emperor / Prince Po (乾隆帝/寶親王)
* Danny Poon as 6th Prince (六皇子)
* Chan Chung-lin
* Joseph Lee as Fu-hang (傅恒)
* Lau Siu-ming as Yung-ching Emperor (雍正帝)
* Yeung Chak-lam as Fu Hung-po (傅紅保)
* Felix Lok as Ngok-yee-tai (鄂爾泰)
* Law Kwok-wai
* Teresa Ha as Empress Hao-sing-hin / Consort Hei (孝聖憲皇后/熹妃)
* Leung Kit-fong
* Suen Kwai-hing
* Cho Chai
* Law Lan as Granny (嬷嬷)
* Pui Man
* Cheung Man-kwong
* Ho Lai-nam
* Ng Pok-kwan
* Lam Man-wai
* Lam Choi-lin
* Carina Lau as Suen Fuk-yu (孫福如)
* Chan On-ying as Kam Lin (金蓮)
* Shally Tsang as Empress Xiaoxianchun
* Yu Tin-wai
* Fok Kit-ching
* Mak Ho-wai
* Luk Ying-hong
* Ha Yu as Chow Yat-ching (周日清)
* Paul Chun as Prince Wan-tai (允禵)
* Lai Pik-kwong
* Lau Kwok-sing
* Sean Lau as Chiu Nam-sing (趙南星)
* Fok Ka-lai
* Chan Siu-wah
* Kwok Fung
* Ho Kwong-lun
* Leung Siu-chau
* Lee Wan-kwong
* Chan Wai-yu
* Sit Choi-ha
* Soh Hang-suen
* Amy Hu
* Tang Yu-chiu
* Lee Kwok-ping
* Wilson Tsui
* Pau Wai-leung
* Tony Leung
* Wong Sze-yan
* Cheng Siu-ping
* Ng Yuen-fan
* Law Chun-piu
* Ng Wai-san
* Tam Yat-ching
* Ma Wai-ling
* Wong Yat-fei
* Leung Chi-fong
* Koo Po-lai
* Maggie Shiu as Princess Fragrance (香香公主)
* Mak Chi-wan
* Ma Hing-sang
* Lau Miu-ching
* Ho Kwai-lam
* Cheung Chi-keung
* Chan Po-wan
* Yuen Pui-yee
* Liu Ching-han
* Lau Man-chun
* Yip Tin-hang
* So Hon-sang
* Ng Chau-kuen
* Ho Pik-kin
* Cheng Hung-wai
* Lee Hoi-sang
* Chan Yiu-keung

## InfoBox

| *Take Care, Your Highness!* | |
| --- | --- |
| VCD cover | |
| 皇上保重 | |
| Genre | Historical drama |
| Written by | Chan Lai-wah
Chan Yuk-ping
Ng Yuk-cheung
Sit Ka-wah |
| Directed by | Jonathan Chik
Po Tang-chun
Leung Sung-fan
Ng Yat-fan |
| Starring | Andy Lau
Carina Lau
Sean Lau
Lau Siu-ming
Paul Chun
Ha Yu |
| Theme music composer | Michael Lai |
| Opening theme | *Dragon's Heart* (龍的心) by Johnny Yip |
| Ending theme | *Love in the Breeze* (情在風中) by Johnny Yip and Mok Yim Yee |
| Composer | Michael Lai |
| Country of origin | Hong Kong |
| Original language | Cantonese |
| No. of episodes | 20 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Yau Ka-hung |
| Production location | Hong Kong |
| Camera setup | Multi camera |
| Production company | TVB |
| Original release | |
| Network | TVB Jade |
| Release | 30 September (1985-09-30)
25 October 1985 (1985-10-25) |


title: War World (series)

abstract: War World is a series of collaborative science fiction books set in the CoDominium universe of Jerry Pournelle, some novels being co-authored by John F. Carr and Don Hawthorne, as well as Larry Niven and S. M. Stirling. It consists of ten short story anthologies by various authors as well as six novels. Most stories take place on a single world, Haven, and many involve battles between Haven's people and the ruthless, genetically engineered race of supersoldiers called Saurons.

text:
# War World (series)

**War World** is a series of collaborative science fiction books set in the CoDominium universe of Jerry Pournelle, some novels being co-authored by John F. Carr and Don Hawthorne, as well as Larry Niven and S. M. Stirling. It consists of ten short story anthologies by various authors as well as six novels. Most stories take place on a single world, Haven, and many involve battles between Haven's people and the ruthless, genetically engineered race of supersoldiers called *Saurons*.

## The War World Setting

The War World series is set mostly on a single world, Haven. It is a marginally habitable moon of a supergiant planet called *Cat's Eye*, the fourth planet in the Byer's star system. Haven is synchronically tide-locked to its primary, giving it an 86-hour-43-minute-long day-night cycle with respect to Byer's Star and a 131-hour-55-minute Dimday/night cycle with respect to Cat's eye. It has a thin but breatheable atmosphere; this and its distance from Byer's star make surface conditions on most of Haven very cold and dry, so much so that initial habitation is limited to a single large valley at the equator. Haven is originally settled by the Universal Church of New Harmony, but they are quickly joined by "involuntary colonists" (exiled criminals) from Earth, and later other exiles from the CoDominium. Following the defeat of the Saurons and the destruction of their homeworld by the forces of the Empire, a remnant of the Sauron forces occupy the planet as a last hidden refuge. Known HaBandari (The Band) clans are the fan Reenans, fan Gimbutas, fan Tellerman, and fan Haller.

## Contents

The books in this series were written by several authors. They consist of five collections of short stories and three collaborative novels. Each volume takes place in roughly chronological internal order, but starting in different time periods (for instance, *CoDominium: Revolt on War World*, chronologically the last collection in the series, is set during the earliest years of human settlement on Haven). *Blood Feuds* incorporates material that originally appeared in the short story collections. John F. Carr rejuvenated the series with the publication of *War World: The Battle of Sauron*, by Carr and Don Hawthorne (Pequod Press, 2007). The series is starting over with the publication of *War World: Discovery* (2010), edited by John F. Carr. The new books are published in chronological order, with *Discovery* providing background on the first surveys and colonization. The new volumes include fresh stories intermixed with ones from the original series, providing a more complete look at the War World universe.

## Publications

* *War World, Vol 1: The Burning Eye* (1988) ISBN 0-671-65420-9
    + "Prolog: Discovery" (unattributed)
    + "Haven" (unattributed) - Even before colonization, Haven is a source of conflict as factions fight to determine its status.
    + "Dream Valley" - Edward P. Hughes \- On the prison world of Haven, the strong can enslave the weak... unless they're clever.
    + "The Toymaker and the General" - Mike Resnick \- An expert in combat cyborgs is hunted down for his skills.
    + "The Deserter" - Poul Anderson \- As the Empire withdraws, only a legendary strategist can preserve civilization on Haven.
    + "Rate of Exchange" - Roland Green and John F. Carr \- With the Empire gone, Haven's economy has collapsed, and its social order is about to follow.
    + "The Coming of the Eye" - Don Hawthorne \- Haven's fragmented nations must defend themselves against powerful Sauron invaders.
    + "The Great Beer Shortage" - Janet Morris and David Drake \- The Saurons find they must not only conquer Haven, but themselves as well.
    + "Necessity" - S. M. Stirling \- Refugees from the Sauron assault combine into a new nation, the HaBandari, who will become the Saurons' strongest enemy.
    + "Tribute Maidens" - Harry Turtledove \- To maintain their breeding population, the Saurons demand the strongest daughters of those they conquer.
    + "A Lion to the Sea" - John Dalmas \- As centuries pass, the Sauron domination of Haven grows stronger, driving many tribes further into the wilderness, and forming strange alliances among them.
    + "Discovery" (unattributed) - Does the Empire suspect that some Saurons have survived?
    + "Excerpt from Bar Lev's *A Traveler's Tale of Twenty Worlds*" (unattributed) - A fragment of evidence hints at the Saurons' fate.
* *War World, Vol 2: Death's Head Rebellion* (1990) ISBN 0-671-72027-9
    + Introduction (unattributed)
    + "The Face of the Enemy" - Don Hawthorne - As the Secession Wars grind on for generations, The Empire is driven to desperation and paranoia.
    + "Death's Head Patrol" - Roland Greene and John F. Carr - The Saurons thought they could just drop in and take Haven. They soon learned otherwise.
    + "Strong Blood" - G. C. Edmondson \- As starving refugees flee from the Saurons into the harsh wilderness, they must learn new ways to survive... including some that they would never have considered before.
    + "Brenda" - Larry Niven \- On the planet Tanith, one Sauron has also survived, and found a way to blend into the population - literally.
    + "Some Things Survive" - John LaValley \- A single ship from the planet Frystaat is sent out to hunt the last remaining Saurons, in what most believe is a fools' errand.
    + "No Such Thing as a Non-Lethal Weapon" - James Landau \- Haveners must now adapt to a more violent world, but sometimes even a pacifist can find a way to fight.
    + "Loved Not I Honor More" - Martin Tays \- The Sauron practice of taking "tribute maidens" for breeding drives some to the greatest lengths for revenge.
    + "The Field of Double Sowing" - Harry Turtledove - The Sauron breeding program is not perfect; sometimes those who are rejected as "inferior" can prove to be of great worth. A retelling of Oedipus Rex.
    + "Far Above Rubies" - Susan Shwartz \- The Haveners have learned the value of Sauron genes, and seek to add them to their own bloodlines at every opportunity, by adopting their outcast children.
    + "Tayok's Base" (unattributed)
* *War World, Vol 3: Sauron Dominion* (1991) ISBN 0-671-72072-4
    + "Prologue" (unattributed)
    + "War World Economics" - (unattributed) - The HaBandari are a Havener nation descended from refugees, bandits and exiled soldiers. Their greatest strength is not just their superb military abilities, but their habit of making shrewd alliances...
    + "The Gates of Paradise" - Don Hawthorne - Controlling the access to the few deep valleys on Haven is vital, for only there does the air contain enough oxygen for safe childbirth.
    + "Maitreya and the Cyborg" - John Dalmas - The last surviving Sauron Cyborg encounters a society that cannot be cowed by military force.
    + "Building a Pillar" - John LaValley - An isolated Frystaater community on Haven must make contact with outsiders to survive; but there is too much room for potentially deadly misunderstanding.
    + "Aegir's Children" - Phillip Pournelle \- A seafaring society may hold the key to a new industrial age for Haven, if the Saurons don't destroy them first.
    + "Ceremonies at the Last Bar in the Village" - John Hartnett - Saurons don't make allies, they conquer! But a little gesture of friendship never hurt.
    + "Juchi the Accursed" - Harry Turtledove - A blind old man and his teenage daughter cannot possibly be a threat to the mighty Saurons. At least, that's what they tell themselves...
    + "Seven Against Nûrnen" - Susan Shwartz \- Seven warriors unite to take down Haven's masters, and a legend begins.
    + "Shame and Honor" - S. M. Stirling - A female warrior of the HaBandari must reluctantly ally with a Sauron soldier to survive in hostile territory.
* *War World, Vol 4: Invasion* (1994) ISBN 0-671-87616-3
    + "Introduction" - Charles E. Gannon \- On the refueling station which shares its orbit with Haven, the withdrawal of the Empire has made life very hard—but the coming of the Saurons will make it much harder.
    + "The Railroad" - John Dalmas - As news of the Saurons' coming slowly spreads across Haven, its people experience a growing sense of shock and horror.
    + "A Better Kind of War" - Don Hawthorne - Since the Empire left, Haveners had been at war with each other. Now the Saurons had come to give them a common enemy, but old hates are hard to put aside.
    + "The Boatswain" - Alan Brown - A small group of refugees seeks safety with help from an old, retired naval hero.
    + "The Gift of the Magi" - Charles E. Gannon - Rumors tell of a small band on Haven who still retain the old knowledge of science and technology. But they're only rumors... aren't they?
    + "A Little Beastliness" - Edward P. Hughes - As the Saurons continue to hunt down and destroy all remnants of Haven's industries, many find that to survive, they must act like harmless primitives... for the rest of their lives.
    + "Those Who Lose" - Harry Turtledove - The Saurons are ruthless in their conquest. To them, slavery and rape are merely tools of policy.
    + "Kings Who Die" - S. M. Stirling - On Haven, the age of history is over. It is now an age of legends; and the leader of the newly formed HaBandari tribe must die a hero, to become a Legend that will live on and inspire others to fight.
* *CoDominium: Revolt on War World* (1992) ISBN 0-671-72126-7
    + "The Lost and the Founder" (unattributed) - A small-time hustler starts a movement that will someday go to the stars.
    + "The Garden Spot" - Don Hawthorne - Haven is a wasteland from pole to pole; but even it has resources worth fighting for... and killing for.
    + "In Concert" - E. R. Stewart \- The Church of Harmony thought they would have the barren moon Haven all to themselves, but Earth's politicians had other ideas.
    + "Janesfort War" - Leslie Fish and Frank Gasperik \- Haven has become a dumping ground for criminals, and some eccentric locals decide to hire a few protectors.
    + "The Coming of the Dinneh" - John Dalmas - Apache rebels from Earth are exiled to the ultimate reservation—Haven!
    + "Politics of Melos" - Susan Shwartz \- A naïve aristocrat from Earth becomes a common convict on a hellish prison planet.
    + "Hang Together" - Harry Turtledove - War makes strange bedfellows; but none stranger than Russian nationalist fanatics and Estonian freedom fighters!
    + "Sons of Hawaii" - William F. Wu \- A manipulative white-collar criminal and his naïve brother are exiled to Haven. Can two formerly wealthy sons of Hawaii survive, let alone thrive, on this dry, frigid world?
    + "Fire and Ice" - Eric Vinicoff \- A rebellion is put down by an experimental group of surgically enhanced suicide soldiers, funded by a newly settled planet... called Sauron.
    + "Farewell to Haven" (unattributed)
* *Blood Feuds* (1992) ISBN 0-671-72150-X Susan Shwartz, S.M. Stirling, Judith Tarr, and Harry Turtledove \- The HaBandari and their allies organise an uprising against the Sauron overlords. Combines material from "The Field of Double Sowing", "Far Above Rubies", "Juchi the Accursed", and "Seven Against Nûrnen", as well as original material.
* *Blood Vengeance* (1994) ISBN 0-671-72201-8 Susan Shwartz, S.M. Stirling, Judith Tarr, and Harry Turtledove \- As the legend of the Seven swells into a movement that sweeps Haven, millions rise up to fight in the greatest and bloodiest battle this War World has ever seen.
* *War World: The Battle of Sauron* (2007) ISBN 0-937912-04-2 John F. Carr, Don Hawthorne \- The Battle of Sauron chronicles the final battle in the war between the Empire of Man and the Sauron Coalition of Secession; this is the battle that will determine whether mankind is supplanted by the Saurons, a race dedicated to pan-eugenics and the military arts, or continues to reign triumphant over the disparate and far flung worlds of man. When a shipload of Saurons bent on conquest arrive unexpectedly, War World goes from pest-hole to Hellhole!
* *War World: Discovery* (2010) ISBN 978-0-937912-09-6 ed. John F. Carr \- A new anthology containing five reprinted and nine original stories. - *War World: Discovery* is the opening volume in a series that will present War World's history in a chronological fashion for the very first time.
    + "The Lost and the Founder" - E. R. Stewart - (reprinted from *CoDominium: Revolt on War World*) (1998 AD) A small-time hustler starts a movement that will someday go to the stars.
    + "Discovery" (Jerry Pournelle) - (expanded version of "Prolog: Discovery" from *War World, Vol 1: The Burning Eye*) (2032 AD)
    + "The Garden Spot" - Don Hawthorne - (expanded from *CoDominium: Revolt on War World*) (2034 AD) Haven is a wasteland from pole to pole; but even it has resources worth fighting for... and killing for.
    + "In Concert" - E. R. Stewart - (reprinted from *CoDominium: Revolt on War World*) (2038 AD) The Church of Harmony thought they would have the barren moon Haven all to themselves, but Earth's politicians had other ideas.
    + "The Shimmer Stone Scam" - John F. Carr - (2041 AD)
    + "Nothing in Common" - Leslie Fish - (2044 AD)
    + "Hell's-A-Comin'" - John F. Carr - (2045 AD)
    + "Counterpoint" - A. L. Brown \- (2045 AD)
    + "Astronomy Lesson" - Steven Shervais \- *Class Notes for Lecture #1, Applied Astronomy (Overview)* \- Notes on Haven, its parent star Cat's Eye, and the Byers System, presented as an astronomy lesson in school.
    + "On Jordan's Stormy Banks" - A. L. Brown - (2047 AD)
    + "Janesfort War" - Leslie Fish and Frank Gasperik - (reprinted from *CoDominium: Revolt on War World*) (2055 AD) Haven has become a dumping ground for criminals, and some eccentric locals decide to hire a few protectors.
    + "Last Chance" - Steven Shervais - (story told in 2063 AD, flashbacks from 2045 - 2056 AD)
    + "Steppe Stone" - William F. Wu - (2055 AD)
    + "Down the Rabid Hole" - Charles E. Gannon - (2057 AD & 2671 AD)
* *War World: Takeover* (2011) ISBN 978-0-937912-13-3 ed. John F. Carr -
* *War World: Jihad!* (2012) ISBN 978-0-937912-52-2 ed. John F. Carr -
* *War World: The Lidless Eye* (2013) ISBN 978-0-937912-50-8 ed. John F. Carr -
* *War World: Cyborg Revolt* (2013) ISBN 978-0-937912-51-5 ed. John F. Carr -
* *War World: The Patriotic Wars* (2017) ISBN 978-0-937912-69-0 ed. John F. Carr -
* *War World: Falkenberg's Regiment* (2018) ISBN 978-0-937912-73-7 John F. Carr -
* *War World: The Fall of the CoDominium* (2019) ISBN 978-0-937912-49-2 ed. John F. Carr -
* *War World: Andromeda Flight* (2021) ISBN 978-0-937912-77-5 \- Doug McElwain -
* *War World: Road Warriors* (2023) ed. John F. Carr -


title: James Watson Webb

abstract: General James Watson Webb was an American diplomat, newspaper publisher and a New York politician in the Whig and Republican parties.

text:
# James Watson Webb

General **James Watson Webb** (February 8, 1802 – June 7, 1884) was an American diplomat, newspaper publisher and a New York politician in the Whig and Republican parties.

## Early life

Webb was born in Claverack, New York to Catherine Louisa (née Hogeboom) Webb (1765–1805) and Gen. Samuel Blachley Webb (1753–1807), a Revolutionary officer of distinction. At age 12, he moved to Cooperstown, New York to live with his brother-in-law and guardian, Judge George Morrell.

He entered the United States Army in August 1819, advanced to the grade of first lieutenant in 1823, and in the following year became assistant commissary of subsistence.

## Career

In September 1820, a party led by Lewis Cass, governor of the Michigan Territory, on its return from the exploration of the source waters of the Mississippi River, encountered Lt. Webb and a small group of soldiers at the mouth of the Black River in what is now Port Huron, Michigan. H.R. Schoolcraft, historian of the trip, said Webb and his men were returning to Fort Gratiot, a frontier outpost, with a boat full of freshly harvested watermelon.

In the fall of 1827, he resigned from the army to become a newspaper publisher, purchasing the *Morning Courier* which he published in the interest of General Jackson. In 1829, he purchased the *New York Enquirer*, which he consolidated with the *Courier* under the title of the *New York Courier and Enquirer*. He remained connected with this paper for more than 30 years. Historian Don C. Seitz wrote of those days:

> James Watson Webb, of the horrendous *Courier and Enquirer*, who was a good deal of what was known in that day as a 'lady-killer' and Beau Brummel, sneered editorially, for example, at Greeley's ill-worn clothes. Just before indulging in this persiflage, Webb had been indicted, convicted and sentenced for acting as a second to Henry Clay in a duel with Tom Marshall. The term of duress was two years in Sing Sing, but Governor William H. Seward pardoned him before he went behind bars, in return for which Webb named one of his sons "William Seward Webb".

In 1834, Webb used the *Courier and Enquirer* to coin the name of a new political party: the Whigs. Webb had formerly been a supporter of Jackson, but no longer. That same year he recycled or invented extravagant rumors of miscegenation, that the abolitionists had counselled their daughters to marry blacks, and Lewis Tappan had divorced his wife to marry a black woman, and that the Presbyterian minister Henry Ludlow was conducting interracial marriages, which fueled the organized mob violence of New York's anti-abolitionist riots that June.

### Diplomatic career

In 1849, Webb was appointed minister to Austria, but the appointment was not confirmed. In 1851, he was appointed engineer-in-chief for the State of New York with the rank of Brigadier General, but refused to accept the appointment.

In 1861, he was appointed minister to Turkey, but even though it had been confirmed by the United States Senate, he declined. According to biographer Glyndon Van Deusen, "Webb, an inveterate beggar for office, wanted a diplomatic appointment that would be lucrative."

Shortly afterward, Webb was appointed minister to Brazil and served in that position for eight years, resigning when he was accused of extorting a large sum of money from the Brazilian government. He tried to sever US ties with the country without Washington's knowledge. At Paris in 1864, Webb claimed he was instrumental to negotiating a secret treaty with Emperor Napoleon III for the removal of French troops from Mexico.

Abraham Lincoln's biographer, Carl Sandburg, wrote that Webb "believed that Lincoln should have appointed him major general, rating himself a grand strategist, having fought white men in duels and red men in frontier war." In 1869, he resigned the mission to Brazil and returned to live in New York.

## Personal life

On July 1, 1823, Webb was married to Helen Lispenard Stewart (1805–1848). Helen was the daughter of Irish born merchant Alexander L. Stewart and Sarah Amelia (née Lispenard) Stewart (the granddaughter of Leonard Lispenard). Before her death in 1848, they were the parents of:

* Robert Stewart Webb (1824–1899), a publisher who married Mary Van Horne Clarkson (d. 1880) and Frances (née Morgan) Starkweather.(d. 1912).
* Lispenard Stewart (1825–1828), who died young.
* Helen Matilda Webb (1827–1896), who married Nathan Denison Morgan (d. 1895).
* Artemesia Barclay Webb (1829–1830), who died young.
* Catherine Louisa Webb (1830–1918), who married James Gilchrist Benton (1820–1881) in 1859.
* Francis Watson Webb (1832–1832), who died young.
* Watson Webb (1833–1876), the chief of staff to Union Army General Henry Jackson Hunt. He married Mary Parsons of Hartford.
* Alexander Stewart Webb (1835–1911), who was a noted Civil War general who married Anna Elizabeth Remsen (1837–1912).

On November 9, 1849, he married Laura Virginia Cram (1826–1890), the daughter of Jacob and Lydia (née Tucker) Cram. Webb lived for a time at the present-day 7 Pokahoe Drive in Sleepy Hollow, New York, a house that was later owned by John C. Frémont (the house is currently a private residence). Together, they were the parents of:

Webb died in New York City on June 7, 1884, surrounded by his children. Webb was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx.

## Published works

Webb published the following:

* *Altowan, or Incidents of Life and Adventure in the Rocky Mountains* (1846)
* *Slavery and its Tendencies* (1856)
* *National Currency*, a pamphlet (1875)

## InfoBox

| James Watson Webb | |
| --- | --- |
| *Webb, between 1855 and 1865* | |
|  | |
| United States Minister to Brazil | |
| **In office**
October 21, 1861  May 26, 1869 | |
| President | Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses S. Grant |
| Preceded by | Richard K. Meade |
| Succeeded by | Henry T. Blow |
| United States Chargé d'Affaires to Austria | |
| **In office**
February 6, 1850  May 8, 1850 | |
| President | Zachary Taylor |
| Preceded by | William H. Stiles |
| Succeeded by | Charles J. McCurdy |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1802-02-08)February 8, 1802
Claverack, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 7, 1884(1884-06-07) (aged 82)
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Whig; Republican |
| Spouses | *   Helen Lispenard Stewart  (m. 1823; died 1848) *   Laura Virginia Cram (m. 1849) |
| Children | 13, including Alexander, William, Walter |
| Parent(s) | Samuel Blachley Webb
Catherine Louisa Hogeboom |
| Occupation | Diplomat, newspaper publisher |
|  | |


title: Give It to Me (The Troggs song)

abstract: "Give It to Me" is a song by English rock band the Troggs, released as a single in February 1967. In the UK, it peaked just outside the top ten, ending their run of consecutive top-ten hits.

text:
# Give It to Me (The Troggs song)

"**Give It to Me**" is a song by English rock band the Troggs, released as a single in February 1967. In the UK, it peaked just outside the top ten, ending their run of consecutive top-ten hits.

## Background and release

"Give It to Me" was written by lead vocalist Reg Presley and was released as the Troggs' sixth single. It was written and recorded in only three days. A specially tailored version of the song was featured in the 1966 Michelangelo Antonioni film *Blowup*.

Like in the UK, where "Give It to Me" only peaked at number 12 on the *Record Retailer* chart, it did not chart as highly in the rest of Europe compared to the Troggs' previous singles. It was released in the North America as the band's fourth single, with "Any Way That You Want Me" released there several months later. It performed poorly, missing out on all the national top-100 charts, though did chart on both *Cash Box* and *Record World*'s extension charts.

Reviewing for *Record Mirror*, Peter Jones described "Give It to Me" as "basically very simple, very urgent, very dynamic. It builds to a climax featuring just the title phrase. It's a sort of rhythmic onslaught, yet gentle in a way". Penny Valentine for *Disc and Music Echo* wrote that "it's good Troggs-like stuff, no doubt about it. It will be a hit, no doubt about that either, because it has that odd insidious feel that all their records have. But how big a hit is another thing. It has a very odd melody and doesn't really DO anything. Nothing builds up or fades away or breaks. It just goes on. It's not boring, it's not exciting". *Cash Box* described it as a "thumping, low-keyed, pulsating, bluesy, funk-filled rock workout".

## Charts

| Chart (1967) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (*Go-Set*) | 26 |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 20 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 20 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 19 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 10 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 19 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 21 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 19 |
| Rhodesia (Lyons Maid) | 4 |
| South Africa (Springbok Radio) | 4 |
| UK *Disc and Music Echo* Top 50 | 13 |
| UK *Melody Maker* Top 50 | 12 |
| UK *New Musical Express* Top 30 | 15 |
| UK *Record Retailer* Top 50 | 12 |
| US *Cash Box* Looking Ahead | 35 |
| US *Record World* Singles Coming Up | 41 |

## InfoBox

| "Give It to Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| West German picture sleeve | |
| Single by the Troggs | |
| B-side | "You're Lying" |
| Released | 10 February 1967 (1967-02-10) |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 2:14 |
| Label | Page One |
| Songwriter(s) | Reg Presley |
| Producer(s) | Larry Page |
| The Troggs singles chronology | |
| "Any Way That You Want Me"
(1966) "**Give It to Me**"
(1967) "Night of the Long Grass"
(1967) | |


title: Glenn Beck Radio Program

abstract: The Glenn Beck Radio Program is an American conservative talk radio show, hosted by commentator Glenn Beck on over 400 radio stations across America, his company's own TheBlaze Radio Network, with a live television simulcast weekdays on TheBlaze TV. Since its inception as a nationally syndicated show in 2002, the program has become one of the highest rated radio programs. Furthermore, it led to television shows on CNN and the Fox News Channel, six New York Times bestselling books, a magazine, and a stage tour. In 2009, many editorials, such as those on The Huffington Post, singled out Glenn Beck's radio and television programs for raising issues which led to the resignation of Obama advisor Van Jones.

text:
# Glenn Beck Radio Program

***The Glenn Beck Radio Program*** is an American conservative talk radio show, hosted by commentator Glenn Beck on over 400 radio stations across America, his company's own TheBlaze Radio Network, with a live television simulcast weekdays on TheBlaze TV. Since its inception as a nationally syndicated show in 2002, the program has become one of the highest rated radio programs. Furthermore, it led to television shows on CNN and the Fox News Channel, six *New York Times* bestselling books (five of which debuted at No. 1), a magazine, and a stage tour. In 2009, many editorials, such as those on *The Huffington Post*, singled out Glenn Beck's radio and television programs for raising issues which led to the resignation of Obama advisor Van Jones.

## History

In 2000, *The Glenn Beck Program* began airing on WFLA (AM) 970 in Tampa, Florida. He inherited the 18th-placed position at WFLA and quickly gained popularity in its afternoon slot. Within one year of doing his first talk show in afternoon drive at WFLA, Beck dominated the ratings, giving the station its first No. 1 program ever. Due to the overwhelming demand for live, news oriented programming after September 11, 2001, Beck was offered a jump start on national syndication, and Premiere Radio Networks launched Beck into syndication on January 2, 2002, having already added other affiliates such as KPRC in Houston and WGST in Atlanta. On January 14, 2002, WPHT in Philadelphia became the flagship station.

Beck ran a series of rallies called "Glenn Beck's Rally for America" during 2003, in support of the troops fighting the Iraq War. While generally attended by war supporters, Beck spoke of many who "disagreed with the war, but still supported the troops". He ran the final rally at Marshall University, over the Memorial Day weekend. The event drew about 25,000 people.

2005 marked a year of substantial ratings growth. The program ended the year being heard on more than 200 stations, and was the third highest-rated national radio talk show among adults ages 25 to 54, according to Premiere Research/Arbitron. On January 17, 2006, Beck began a new television show at CNN Headline News. To accommodate the new show, Beck relocated his studios to Radio City Music Hall in New York City. Until January 2011, Beck's flagship station in New York City was WOR.

The show added its 300th affiliate in 2008. Its 400th affiliate, KRLA in Los Angeles, was added in June 2010.

On October 16, 2008, Beck announced that he had signed a "multi-year deal" that would put him in the popular 5 p.m. (Eastern) time slot on the Fox News Channel. He decided not to renew his contract with CNN, instead taking a deal from Fox because he felt Fox would give him permission to voice his opinions.

After his dismissal from Fox News, Bill O'Reilly joined the show as a contributor, appearing every Friday or whenever certain news warrants.

## Format

Combining elements of the comedy-centric hot talk format and more traditional talk-radio shows, like *Rush Limbaugh*, and *Sean Hannity*, the *Program* consists of humor, political commentary, discussions about current events popular culture and personal reflections from the host.

The first half of each hour of the show is usually a monologue by Beck, but occasionally will include a guest or some conversation with the production staff. During the second half of each hour, Beck takes callers and continues discussing the themes he has previously introduced. Promotions for companies like "My Patriot Supply" and "ZipRecruiter" are common during certain moments of the show even if there are no commercial breaks.

The show also features two contributing co-hosts, Steve "Stu" Burguiere and Pat Gray, and the Producer, Jeff "Jeffy" Fisher, also contributes to the content.

In January 2010, Beck changed his show's theme music to a rock anthem with sampled voices overlaid. The music was performed by Anthony Newett, the vocals by Stephen Lyons and the lyrics written by Beck and Burguiere. Lyrics included the refrain, "We must remember who we are, we will be the key."

In January 2011, the show's theme music changed again to a song that was similar to the 2010 version. In January 2013, the theme music became a heavier rock background, and the lyrics changed to: "Turn it up! Turn it on, let's go! Turn it up! It's Glenn Beck on the radio!" In 2016, the theme song became "We Are One", sung by David Osmond (son of Alan Osmond) and *American Idol* contestant Jenn Blosil.

In September 2017, "We Are One" was retired in favor of a new theme song – a simple acoustic guitar tune and a female voice saying "Love. Courage. Truth. This is The Glenn Beck Program".

## Reception

Beck's on-air persona has been described as a "mix of moral lessons, outrage and an apocalyptic view of the future … capturing the feelings of an alienated class of Americans." Beck has referred to himself as an entertainer, and a rodeo clown. Additionally, Beck has identified himself with Howard Beale, the fictional news anchor portrayed by Peter Finch in the 1976 film *Network*, who, in a moment of indignation and fury, urges his viewers to declare "I'm as mad as hell, and I'm not going to take this anymore!" Says Beck, "When \[Beale\] came out of the rain and he was like, none of this makes any sense. I am that guy."

Beck's style of expressing his candid opinions have helped make his shows successful, but have also resulted in protest. On November 14, 2006, Beck asked then-newly elected Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison, the first Muslim elected to Congress, to "prove to me that you are not working with our enemies" and saying "And I know you're not. I'm not accusing you of being an enemy, but that's the way I feel, and I think a lot of Americans will feel that way." Beck later regretted the question, saying it was "quite possibly the poorest-worded question of all time" and joked about his "lack of intelligence". While Ellison stated he was not offended by the question, it later spurred several Arab-American organizations, such as the Arab Institute and the Muslim Public Affairs Council, to publicly protest Beck's hiring as a commentator by *Good Morning America*, accusing Beck of "anti-Muslim and anti-Arab prejudice".

## Ratings

According to *Talkers Magazine*, Beck's program was the third most-listened-to radio program in the United States in 2009. In comparison, his television show on Fox News Channel peaked in ratings in 2009 at 3.4 million views, but had dropped to a third in 2010, before he left to create his own network.

## Substitute hosts

Notable substitute hosts for Beck have included:

## Affiliates

*The Glenn Beck Radio Program* is syndicated to over 400 radio stations throughout the United States, as well as on Sirius XM's Triumph channel 111.

## InfoBox

The Glenn Beck Radio Program
| Title card for the *Glenn Beck Radio Program* on television | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Conservative talk radio |
| Running time | Weekdays: 3 hours (ET) (9:00 am  12:00 pm) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Home station | WFLA (Radio, 2000–present) |
| Syndicates |  |
| TV adaptations | *Glenn Beck Program* (2006–present) |
| Starring |  |
| Recording studio | Mercury Studios, Irving, Texas |
| Original release | January 2000 (2000-01) |
| Website | www.glennbeck.com |
| Podcast | https://www.glennbeck.com/st/the\_glenn\_beck\_podcast |


title: Mob Town (1941 film)

abstract: Mob Town is a 1941 American comedy crime film directed by William Nigh and starring Dick Foran, Anne Gwynne, the Dead End Kids and the Little Tough Guys. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures.

text:
# Mob Town (1941 film)

***Mob Town*** is a 1941 American comedy crime film directed by William Nigh and starring Dick Foran, Anne Gwynne, the Dead End Kids and the Little Tough Guys. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

A man is convicted of murder and sentenced to death for the crime. His brother, who idolized him, meets a cop, Sgt. Frank Conroy, who attempts to stop the boy and his gang of friends from ending up the same way as his brother did. He enrolls them in a recreational program and helps them get jobs. However, things change when the kid finds out that Conroy was the cop who arrested his brother, which resulted in his execution.

## Cast

### Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys

## Bibliography

* Fetrow, Alan G. *Feature Films, 1940-1949: a United States Filmography*. McFarland, 1994.

*Mob Town* at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Mob Town | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | William Nigh |
| Written by | Walter Doniger
Brenda Weisberg |
| Produced by | Ken Goldsmith |
| Starring | Dick Foran
Anne Gwynne
Billy Halop
Huntz Hall |
| Cinematography | Elwood Bredell |
| Edited by | Arthur Hilton |
| Music by | Hans J. Salter |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * October 3, 1941 (1941-10-03) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Glossolepis leggetti

abstract: Glossolepis leggetti, also known as Leggett's rainbowfish, is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is only found in the Wapoga River system of northern Irian Jaya, Indonesia.

text:
# Glossolepis leggetti

***Glossolepis leggetti***, also known as **Leggett's rainbowfish**, is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is only found in the Wapoga River system of northern Irian Jaya, Indonesia.

## Description

*Glossolepis leggetti* can reach a standard length of 9.3 centimetres (3.7 in).

## Etymology

This species is named in honour of Australian aquarist-naturalist Ray Leggett (b. 1936), because of his contributions to further the knowledge of freshwater fishes in the New Guinea-Australia region.

## InfoBox

| *Glossolepis leggetti* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Atheriniformes |
| Family: | Melanotaeniidae |
| Genus: | *Glossolepis* |
| Species: | ***G. leggetti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glossolepis leggetti***
G. R. Allen & Renyaan, 1998 | |
|


title: Gladding-Hearn Shipbuilding

abstract: Gladding-Hearn Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Somerset, Massachusetts on the Taunton River. It primarily builds pilot boats and high-speed catamaran ferries. Gladding-Hearn was founded in 1954 by Preston Gladding and Richard Hearn, and delivered its first vessel, a fishing boat, in 1956. The company built largely tugboats, pilot boats, and fishing vessels for the next several decades. In 1977, Gladding-Hearn was the first American shipyard to launch a tug equipped with a Z-drive propulsion system, and in 1978 built the first pilot boat to a deep-V hull design by naval architect C. Raymond Hunt that became the industry standard in following years. In 1983, company vice president George Duclos bought out Gladding and Hearn and established the shipyard as a subsidiary of his family company, the Duclos Corporation. In 1984, Gladding-Hearn became a licensee of designer Incat, giving it access to designs for high speed catamaran vessels. It has since built the majority of such vessels in service on the Eastern seaboard and Great Lakes. As of 2016, Gladding-Hearn had built more than 400 ships, with 120 in active service for 38 operators.

text:
# Gladding-Hearn Shipbuilding

**Gladding-Hearn Shipbuilding** is a shipyard located in Somerset, Massachusetts on the Taunton River. It primarily builds pilot boats and high-speed catamaran ferries.

Gladding-Hearn was founded in 1954 by Preston Gladding and Richard Hearn, and delivered its first vessel, a fishing boat, in 1956. The company built largely tugboats, pilot boats, and fishing vessels for the next several decades. In 1977, Gladding-Hearn was the first American shipyard to launch a tug equipped with a Z-drive propulsion system, and in 1978 built the first pilot boat to a deep-V hull design by naval architect C. Raymond Hunt that became the industry standard in following years. In 1983, company vice president George Duclos bought out Gladding and Hearn and established the shipyard as a subsidiary of his family company, the Duclos Corporation. In 1984, Gladding-Hearn became a licensee of designer Incat (now Incat Crowther), giving it access to designs for high speed catamaran vessels. It has since built the majority of such vessels in service on the Eastern seaboard and Great Lakes. As of 2016, Gladding-Hearn had built more than 400 ships, with 120 in active service for 38 operators.


title: Undisputed (Beenie Man album)

abstract: Undisputed is the eighteenth studio album by dancehall DJ Beenie Man, released on August 29, 2006.

text:
# Undisputed (Beenie Man album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Undisputed*** is the eighteenth studio album by dancehall DJ Beenie Man, released on August 29, 2006.

## Track listing

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Undisputed" | * Moses Davis * Troyton Rami * Hugh James * Conroy Smith * Xavier Cordova * Carl Udah | Troyton Rami | 3:17 |
| 2. | "Chacka Dance" |  | Donovan Vendetta Bennett | 3:30 |
| 3. | "Hmm Hmm" | * Davis * Tony Kelly * Cordova * Maurice Gregory | Tony "CD" Kelly | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Girls" (featuring Akon) | * Davis * Kelly * Cordova * Gregory | Tony "CD" Kelly | 4:03 |
| 5. | "Dutty Wine Gal" (featuring Brooke Valentine) |  | Scott Storch | 4:01 |
| 6. | "Jamaican Ting" | * Davis * Storch * Udah | Scott Storch | 4:17 |
| 7. | "Beenie Man" (featuring D'Angel) | * Davis * Kelly * Udah * Gregory | Tony "CD" Kelly | 3:27 |
| 8. | "Come Again" | * Davis * Bennett * Udah * Kirk Ford | Donovan Vendetta Bennett | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Fire" (featuring Voltio & Randy) |  | DJ Giann | 4:00 |
| 10. | "Heart Attack" | * Davis * Johnson * Adrian Marshall | Dane "Fire Links" Johnson | 2:30 |
| 11. | "Walk Out" | * Davis * Marlon Cooke * Gavin Blair * Udah | * Marlon "Pyrana" Cooke * Gavin Blair | 3:13 |
| 12. | "My World" (featuring Lady Saw) |  | Lloyd "John John" James Jr. | 5:25 |
| 13. | "Set You Free" |  | Supa Dups | 3:31 |
| 14. | "My Woman" | * Davis * Arthur Amos | Free Willy | 3:52 |

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 65 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | 12 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Rap Albums | 7 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Reggae Albums | 1 |
|

## InfoBox

| Undisputed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Beenie Man | |
| Released | August 29, 2006 (2006-08-29) |
| Recorded | 2005–2006 |
| Genre | Dancehall, reggae fusion |
| Label | Virgin |
| Beenie Man chronology | |
| *Concept of Life*
(2006) ***Undisputed***
(2006) | |


title: Gmina Hanna

abstract: Gmina Hanna is a rural gmina in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and close to Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Hanna, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Włodawa. The gmina covers an area of 139.02 square kilometres (53.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,339.

text:
# Gmina Hanna

**Gmina Hanna** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and close to Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Hanna, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Włodawa.

The gmina covers an area of 139.02 square kilometres (53.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,339.

## Villages

Gmina Hanna contains the villages and settlements of Dańce, Dołhobrody, Hanna, Holeszów, Holeszów PGR, Janówka, Konstantyn, Kuzawka, Lack, Nowy Holeszów, Pawluki and Zaświatycze.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Hanna is bordered by the gminas of Sławatycze, Sosnówka, Tuczna, Włodawa and Wyryki. It also borders Belarus.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Hanna Hanna Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Hanna): 51°43′N 23°30′E / 51.717°N 23.500°E / 51.717; 23.500 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Włodawa |
| Seat | Hanna |
| Area | |
| Total | 139.02 km2 (53.68 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 3,339 |
| Density | 24/km2 (62/sq mi) |
| Website | http://gmina.hanna.sisco.info/ |


title: Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój

abstract: Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój is a rural gmina in Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Horyniec-Zdrój, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Lubaczów and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów. The gmina covers an area of 202.78 square kilometres (78.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,887.

text:
# Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój

**Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Horyniec-Zdrój, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Lubaczów and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 202.78 square kilometres (78.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,887.

## Villages

Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój contains the villages and settlements of Dziewięcierz, Horyniec-Zdrój, Krzywe, Mrzygłody Lubyckie, Nowe Brusno, Nowiny Horynieckie, Podemszczyzna, Polanka Horyniecka, Prusie, Radruż, Werchrata and Wólka Horyniecka.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój is bordered by the gminas of Cieszanów, Lubaczów, Lubycza Królewska and Narol. It also borders Ukraine.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój Horyniec-Zdrój Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Horyniec-Zdrój): 50°11′26″N 23°21′43″E / 50.19056°N 23.36194°E / 50.19056; 23.36194 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Lubaczów |
| Seat | Horyniec-Zdrój |
| Area | |
| Total | 202.78 km2 (78.29 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 4,931 |
| Density | 24/km2 (63/sq mi) |
| Website | http://www.horyniec-zdroj.pl/ |


title: Glenn Kesby

abstract: Glenn Kesby is an Australian countertenor, specialising in baroque music.

text:
# Glenn Kesby

**Glenn Kesby** (born 1970) is an Australian countertenor, specialising in baroque music.

## Concerts and oratorio

His other concerts have included Rye Festival, post-Restoration music at the Chelsea Festival, Lute songs at Hampton Court Palace, Handel's *Dixit Dominus*, Bach's *Missa Brevis in G minor* and Purcell's *Welcome to all the Pleasures* at the Shipton Festival.

## Baroque encounter

In 2004, he set up his own early music ensemble, Baroque Encounter, to stage lesser known baroque repertoire in full period costume in a style similar to the original performances.

## Other

Kesby is a regular concert artist at London's Handel House Museum, and with the Artemis and Hanbarne baroque ensembles. He has performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival and overseas in Germany, Hungary, Cyprus, Ireland, France and his native Australia. Now permanently settled in Britain, he is the recipient of a Tait Memorial Trust Scholarship to continue his studies with Mary King.


abstract: The Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers was a German trade union that was politically close to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). It was formed in the period after the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and existed to the end of 1925.

text:
# Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers

The **Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers** (*Union der Hand- und Kopfarbeiter*) was a German trade union that was politically close to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). It was formed in the period after the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and existed to the end of 1925.

## History

The Union was formed in September 1921 by the merger of three left-wing trade unions that had not joined the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (ADGB), which they, like other radicalized workers in the General Workers Union of Germany (*Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union Deutschlands*) and the Free Workers' Union of Germany had felt was reformist. The three unions were the Gelsenkirchen Free Workers' Union, the Berlin-based Association of Manual and Intellectual Workers and the Braunschweig-based Farmworkers' Association (*Landarbeiterverband*). Gustav Sobottka was one of the founding members of the union. At the national level, the newly merged Union became part of the Profintern. The Union's was mainly focused in the Ruhr region and bordering areas, as well as in the Berlin area. The dominant sectors were mining and metalworking. In the Ruhr region, about half the KPD members who were members of various trade unions were also members of the Union.

At its inception, the Union had roughly 90,000 members. Between 1922 and 1923, it grew to over 100,000 members. Although losing members by the end of 1923, it still had the strongest voice in Ruhr region mining council elections in 1924. The Union's membership contained different sorts of radicals, many of whom were undisciplined, and caused problems for the more disciplined KPD. The KPD, seeking to advance the class struggle, wanted to establish revolutionary unions to displace the Christian and liberal unions' position of power in the workplace. The KPD tried to organize party factions within the Union, but with little success.

After the Fifth Congress of the Comintern in 1924, communists were urged to join the free unions, but the more radical Union instead urged workers to leave those unions, further straining relations with the KPD until the KPD ended it completely. Members withdrew and joined the ADGB and by the end of 1924, the Union was just over 20,000 strong; the following August, just 8,000 and faded from activity.

## Bibliography

* Eva Cornelia Schöck, *Arbeitslosigkeit und Rationalisierung. Die Lage der Arbeiter und die kommunistische Gewerkschaftspolitik 1920-28*. Frankfurt am Main/New York 1977 ISBN 3-593-32537-3, v.a. pp. 88–113 and p. 249 (in German)
* Hermann Weber, *Die Wandlung des deutschen Kommunismus. Die Stalinisierung der KPD in der Weimarer Republik. Band 1*. Frankfurt/Main 1969, v.a. S. 68f, p. 98f and p. 168 (in German)


title: Uninsured motorist clause

abstract: An uninsured motorist clause is a provision commonly found in United States automobile insurance policies that provides for a driver to receive damages for any injury he or she receives from an uninsured, negligent driver. The owner of the policy pays a premium to the insurance company to include this clause. Although not exclusive, this coverage is typically added to an automobile insurance policy. In the event of a qualifying accident, the insurance company pays the difference between what the uninsured driver can pay and what the injured driver would be entitled to as if the uninsured motorist had proper insurance. This type of coverage is meant to prevent the possibility that a motorist will have to pay for medical expenses and property damage to his vehicle as a result of the accident with the underinsured at-fault motorist. The ramifications related to being hit by an underinsured motorist vary by individual state laws. It is mandatory for the insurance carrier to provide such coverage in some states, such as Pennsylvania, Illinois, Maryland, and New York.

text:
# Uninsured motorist clause

An **uninsured motorist clause** is a provision commonly found in United States automobile insurance policies that provides for a driver to receive damages for any injury he or she receives from an uninsured, negligent driver. The owner of the policy pays a premium to the insurance company to include this clause. Although not exclusive, this coverage is typically added to an automobile insurance policy. In the event of a qualifying accident, the insurance company pays the difference between what the uninsured driver can pay and what the injured driver would be entitled to as if the uninsured motorist had proper insurance.

This type of coverage is meant to prevent the possibility that a motorist will have to pay for medical expenses and property damage to his vehicle as a result of the accident with the underinsured at-fault motorist. The ramifications related to being hit by an underinsured motorist vary by individual state laws.

It is mandatory for the insurance carrier to provide such coverage in some states, such as Pennsylvania, Illinois, Maryland, and New York.

## Defining an uninsured motorist for the purpose of an uninsured motorist clause

There are three types of uninsured motorists defined under the uninsured motorist clause:

1. Individuals who do not have liability coverage for the vehicle he or she is operating. In most states, it is a crime to be uninsured in this manner.
2. When an individual flees the scene of an accident without leaving sufficient information to identify him or herself, the individual is considered uninsured for the purposes of an uninsured motorist provision. However, a positive ID of the license plates in a hit and run accident will often be considered by insurance companies sufficient information to identify the negligent Hit and run driver. Such identification will often lead to the denial of an uninsured motorist claim, as insurance companies will often litigate the claim, bringing in the registered owner of the vehicle with matching plates, even when that person denies involvement in the accident. In some states, coverage for uninsured property damage may be unavailable, although it is possible that collision coverage will be available in relation to vehicle damage.
    * California
    * Colorado
    * Illinois
    * Louisiana
    * Ohio
3. A stolen vehicle is uninsured from the time it has been stolen. A person who has been injured by a stolen vehicle may qualify for an uninsured claim.

A few states require physical contact for uninsured claims. If contact is required, it can be any kind of contact, such as that between two cars, but can also consist of a vehicle contacting the leg of a motorcyclist or a motorcycle tire.

## Bodily Injury Coverage

### Uninsured Motorist

Uninsured Motorist Bodily Injury Coverage covers a victim's medical expenses, lost wages, and other injury related expenses in an instance where the other driver is not insured. This coverage applies only if the other party is found to be at fault for the incident. Depending on the state, the insurance company may or may not require the victim to identify the other vehicle/driver. Many states will cover a hit and run incident.

### Underinsured Motorist

Underinsured Motorist Bodily Injury Coverage protects a driver by financially compensating him for his injury in the event that he is injured in an accident by someone else who negligently caused his injuries when the driver or owner has liability coverage for his or her vehicle that is less than the amount of the victim's liability coverage. Underinsured coverage may also be referred to as an underinsured motorist clause or endorsement or SUM, which is an abbreviation for Supplementary Underinsured Motorist coverage.

## Litigating an uninsured motorist claim

Most states require a victim to sue the uninsured motorist (or a fictitious John Doe hit and run driver when litigating the second category of uninsured motorist claim) for his injuries in order to prevail on a breach of contract action against the insurance carrier. Some states, such as Virginia, require that the victim actually obtain a judgment against the uninsured motorist (while serving the uninsured motorist carrier in the lawsuit so that the carrier can defend the suit) and then demand payment from the uninsured motorist carrier prior to suing the carrier for any breach of an uninsured motorist provision. Normally there is no need to sue the carrier in such states as Virginia unless there is a dispute as to coverage. Liability is rarely an issue in cases against John Doe defendants and in any regard, must be litigated in the first suit against the John Doe, if at all. The insurance company will ordinarily pay the judgment, up to the policy limits, once a court determines that an uninsured motorist was at fault. Some states' laws also allow additional insurance coverage to the insured policyholder through policy stacking provisions, whereby a claim may be made against multiple uninsured motorist policies.


abstract: The Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace was a multistakeholder Internet governance organization, dedicated to the creation of diplomatic norms of governmental non-aggression in cyberspace. It operated for three years, from 2017 through 2019, and produced the diplomatic norm for which it was chartered and seven others.

text:
# Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace

The **Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace** was a multistakeholder Internet governance organization, dedicated to the creation of diplomatic norms of governmental non-aggression in cyberspace. It operated for three years, from 2017 through 2019, and produced the diplomatic norm for which it was chartered and seven others.

## Origins

Together with the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise, the GCSC was a product of the 2015-2017 Dutch chairmanship of the London Process, and particularly the work of Wouter Jurgens who, as head of the cyber security department of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, had responsibility for organizing the 4th Global Conference on CyberSpace ministerial, which was held in The Hague April 16–17 of 2015, and formalizing its outcomes. Jurgens had been working for several years on the topic of governmental non-aggression in cyberspace, in collaboration with Uri Rosenthal, Bill Woodcock, Olaf Kolkman, James Lewis, and others who would subsequently become GCSC commissioners.

The GCSC was launched by Dutch Foreign Minister Bert Koenders at the 53rd Munich Security Conference, on February 18, 2017, with a three-year charter, and issued its final report at the Paris Peace Forum, on November 13, 2019.

## Published norms

### Norm to Protect the Public Core of the Internet

> "State and non-state actors should neither conduct nor knowingly allow activity that intentionally and substantially damages the general availability or integrity of the public core of the Internet, and therefore the stability of cyberspace."

The *Norm to Protect the Public Core* is the GCSC's principal product, and has been included or referenced in many subsequent legislative and diplomatic work. It was included in the European Union's Cybersecurity Act, which extends the mandate of the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity to include the protection of the public core. The Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace included a call for compliance with the Public Core norm. The United Nations cites the Public Core norm in the 2019 report of the Secretary General and the report of the Secretary General’s High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation, *The Age of Digital Interdependence.*

### Norm to Protect the Electoral Infrastructure

> "State and non-state actors must not pursue, support or allow cyber operations intended to disrupt the technical infrastructure essential to elections, referenda or plebiscites."

### Norm to Avoid Tampering

> "State and non-state actors should not tamper with products and services in development and production, nor allow them to be tampered with, if doing so may substantially impair the stability of cyberspace."

### Norm Against Commandeering of ICT Devices into Botnets

> "State and non-state actors should not commandeer the general public’s ICT resources for use as botnets or for similar purposes."

### Norm for States to Create a Vulnerabilities Equities Process

> "States should create procedurally transparent frameworks to assess whether and when to disclose not publicly known vulnerabilities or flaws they are aware of in information systems and technologies. The default presumption should be in favor of disclosure."

### Norm to Reduce and Mitigate Significant Vulnerabilities

> "Developers and producers of products and services on which the stability of cyberspace depends should (1) prioritize security and stability, (2) take reasonable steps to ensure that their products or services are free from significant vulnerabilities, and (3) take measures to timely mitigate vulnerabilities that are later discovered and to be transparent about their process. All actors have a duty to share information on vulnerabilities in order to help prevent or mitigate malicious cyber activity."

### Norm on Basic Cyber Hygiene as Foundation Defense

> "States should enact appropriate measures, including laws and regulations, to ensure basic cyber hygiene."

### Norm Against Offensive Cyber Operations by Non-State Actors

> "Non-state actors should not engage in offensive cyber operations and state actors should prevent such activities and respond if they occur."

## Other publications

In addition to the *Norm to Protect the Public Core* and the seven subsequent norms, the GCSC has published several other documents.

### Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies

Early in the process of defining the *Norm to Protect the Public Core* the effort was divided into two working groups, one, principally diplomatic, to specify what actions should be precluded; the other, involving subject-matter experts, to specify which infrastructures were deemed most worthy of protection. This latter working group specified a survey of cybersecurity experts, delegated implementation of the survey to Packet Clearing House, and integrated its results to form the *Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies*. This definition of the "public core of the Internet" to include packet routing and forwarding, naming and numbering systems, the cryptographic mechanisms of security and identity, and physical transmission media, with more-specific details attending to each, has since been used by the OECD and others as a standardized description of the principal elements of Internet critical infrastructure.

### Statement on the Interpretation of the Norm on Non-Interference with the Public Core

On September 22, 2021, the GCSC released a three-page statement responding, in large part, to Russia's submission to the ITU Council Working Group on International Internet-related Public Policy Issues, *Risk Analysis of the Existing Internet Governance and Operational Model*. The statement reiterates the GCSC's findings that state actors are the primary threat to Internet stability, not private actors; that the GCSC believes that the multistakeholder model of Internet governance is key to maintaining Internet stability, and that the Internet's critical infrastructure is principally operated by the private sector.

## Derivative work

In addition to the norms the commission published, several other organizations were created and efforts undertaken as byproducts of the commission's work.

### CyberPeace Institute

One of the most notable derivative outcomes of the GCSC's work was the formation of the CyberPeace Institute, headed by GCSC commissioner Marietje Schaake and Europol veteran Stéphane Duguin. This independent, non governmental organization has the mission to highlight the human aspect of cyberattacks. It works in close collaboration with relevant partners to reduce the harms from cyberattacks on people’s lives worldwide. The Institute builds on the GCSC's work by monitoring compliance with its norms and coordinating cyber-attack forensic and analytic efforts that broaden public understanding of norm violations.

### Critical infrastructure assessment

As input to the *Definition of the Public Core*, a global survey of Internet infrastructure security experts was conducted in 2017 by Packet Clearing House, headed by GCSC commissioner Bill Woodcock.

## Participants

### Commissioners

### Former commissioners

### Research Advisory Group

* Sean Kanuck (Chair)
* Liis Vihul (Deputy Chair for Law)
* Marilia Maciel (Deputy Chair for Internet Governance)
* Hugo Zylberberg (Deputy Chair for International Peace & Security)
* Koichiro Komiyama (Deputy Chair for Technical and Information Security)

### Secretariat

* Bruce McConnell (EastWest Institute)
* Alexander Klimburg (Hague Centre for Strategic Studies)

## InfoBox

The Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | GCSC |
| Established | February 18, 2017 |
| Founders | Dutch MFA
French MFA
Singaporean MFA |
| Founded at | Munich |
| Dissolved | November 13, 2019 |
| Type | Multistakeholder Commission |
| Purpose | *"To develop norms and policies to enhance international security and stability and guide responsible state and non-state behavior in cyberspace"* |
| Headquarters | The Hague |
| Origins | 4th Global Conference on CyberSpace |
| Co-Chair | Marina Kaljurand |
| Co-Chair | Latha Reddy |
| Co-Chair | Michael Chertoff |
| Publication | *Advancing Cyberstability* |
| Website | Cyberstability.Org |


title: Gnathabelodon

abstract: Gnathabelodon is an extinct genus of gomphothere endemic to North America that includes species that lived during the Middle to Late Miocene. "Gnathabelodon" buckneri Sellards, 1940 has been renamed Blancotherium.

text:
# Gnathabelodon

***Gnathabelodon*** is an extinct genus of gomphothere (a sister group to modern elephants) endemic to North America that includes species that lived during the Middle to Late Miocene.

*"Gnathabelodon" buckneri* Sellards, 1940 has been renamed *Blancotherium*.

## Description

It has been called the "spoon-billed mastodon" since its lower jaw was elongated and shaped like a shoe-horn or spoon. The flaring of the tip of the lower jaw was similar to that of the "shovel-tuskers" (*Platybelodon* and *Amebelodon*); however, *Gnathabelodon* species are distinct in having no lower tusks whilst the "shovel tuskers" have broad, flattened lower tusks. The presence of a long lower jaw but no lower tusks is highly unusual among proboscideans, and only shared with *Eubelodon* and *Choerolophodon.* The upper tusks are large and curve outwards and upwards. With respect to dentition and overall body form, it was similar to species of *Gomphotherium*, but Mothe et al. (2016) recover *Gnathabelodon* as closer to brevirostrine gomphotheriids than to *Gomphotherium*.

## Taxonomy

While some studies have assigned the genus to Gomphotheriidae, other have suggested that it may have closer affinities with Choerolophodontidae.

## Sources

* *A Pictorial Guide to Fossils* by Gerard Ramon Case
* *Classification of Mammals* by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell

## InfoBox

| *Gnathabelodon*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Family: | Gomphotheriidae |
| Subfamily: | Gnathabelodontinae |
| Genus: | *Gnathabelodon*
Barbour and Sternberg, 1935 |
| Species: | ***G. thorpei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gnathabelodon thorpei***
Barbour and Sternberg, 1935 | |
|


abstract: The United Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers' International Union (UCLG) was a labor union representing workers involved in processing building supplies in the United States and Canada. The union was established in 1936, as the National Council of United Cement Workers. In 1939, it was chartered by the American Federation of Labor as the UCLG. From 1955, it was affiliated to the AFL–CIO, and by 1957, it had 40,000 members, declining to 36,800 members by 1980. On April 1, 1984, the union merged into the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers.

text:
# United Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers' International Union

The **United Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers' International Union** (UCLG) was a labor union representing workers involved in processing building supplies in the United States and Canada.

The union was established in 1936, as the **National Council of United Cement Workers**. In 1939, it was chartered by the American Federation of Labor as the UCLG. From 1955, it was affiliated to the AFL–CIO, and by 1957, it had 40,000 members, declining to 36,800 members by 1980.

On April 1, 1984, the union merged into the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers.

## Presidents

1936: William Schoenberg 1954: Felix C. Jones 1970: Thomas F. Miechur  1. Heneghan, John Martin (1957). *A History of the United Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers International Union*. Chicago: Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
2. Reynolds, Lloyd G.; Killingsworth, Charles C. (1944). *Trade Union Publications: The Official Journals, Convention Proceedings, and Constitutions of International Unions and Federations, 1850-1941*. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
3. *Directory of National and International Labor Unions in the United States* (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1957. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
4. *Directory of National Unions and Employee Associations* (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1980. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
5. Adams, Larry T. (1984). "Labor organization mergers 1979-84: adapting to change". *Monthly Labor Review*. **107** (9).


title: Mohedas de Granadilla

abstract: Mohedas de Granadilla is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1061 inhabitants.

text:
# Mohedas de Granadilla

**Mohedas de Granadilla** is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1061 inhabitants.

Mohedas de Granadilla Town Hall

40°16′N 6°12′W / 40.267°N 6.200°W / 40.267; -6.200

## InfoBox

| Mohedas de Granadilla, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Extremadura |
| Province | Cáceres |
| Municipality | Mohedas de Granadilla |
| Area | |
| Total | 59 km2 (23 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 450 m (1,480 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 827 |
| Density | 14/km2 (36/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


abstract: Union Township is one of nine townships in Crawford County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 734 and it contained 384 housing units.

text:
# Union Township, Crawford County, Indiana

**Union Township** is one of nine townships in Crawford County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 734 and it contained 384 housing units.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 1,726 |  |  |
| 1900 | 1,398 |  | −19.0% |
| 1910 | 1,265 |  | −9.5% |
| 1920 | 1,153 |  | −8.9% |
| 1930 | 1,069 |  | −7.3% |
| 1940 | 1,050 |  | −1.8% |
| 1950 | 864 |  | −17.7% |
| 1960 | 787 |  | −8.9% |
| 1970 | 717 |  | −8.9% |
| 1980 | 861 |  | 20.1% |
| 1990 | 863 |  | 0.2% |
| 2000 | 838 |  | −2.9% |
| 2010 | 761 |  | −9.2% |
| 2020 | 734 |  | −3.5% |
| Source: US Decennial Census | | | |

## History

The Potts Creek Rockshelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 42.4 square miles (110 km2), all land.

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

### Major highways

### Cemeteries

The township contains five cemeteries: Doan, Fessler, Goad, Hedden, Mifflin, and Keysacker.

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
4. "Township Census Counts: STATS Indiana".
5. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
6. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

## InfoBox

| Union Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location of Union Township in Crawford County | |
| Coordinates: 38°14′59″N 86°31′25″W / 38.24972°N 86.52361°W / 38.24972; -86.52361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Crawford |
| Government | |
| Type | Indiana township |
| Area | |
| Total | 42.4 sq mi (110 km2) |
| Land | 42.4 sq mi (110 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2) |
| Elevation | 551 ft (168 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 734 |
| Density | 17/sq mi (6.7/km2) |
| FIPS code | 18-77210 |
| GNIS feature ID | 453911 |


title: Union Township, Clermont County, Ohio

abstract: Union Township is one of the fourteen townships of Clermont County, Ohio, United States. The population was 49,639 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Union Township, Clermont County, Ohio

**Union Township** is one of the fourteen townships of Clermont County, Ohio, United States. The population was 49,639 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Located in the western part of the county, it borders the following townships:

No municipalities are located in Union Township, although three census-designated places are located in the township:

The township also contains the unincorporated area of Glen Este.

The hamlet of Nine Mile had its own post office (under consecutive postmasters William D. Gaskins, William Holderfield, Charles A. John and George W. Irvin) from 19 April 1880 until September 1905, when mail was directed to New Richmond. One legacy of the former hamlet of Nine Mile is Nine Mile Cemetery.

## Name and history

Established in 1811, it is one of 27 Union Townships statewide.

## Economy

Total Quality Logistics is headquartered in the township.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Union Township has a public library, a branch of the Clermont County Public Library.

## InfoBox

| Union Township, Clermont County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Pfarr Log House | |
| Location of Union Township in Clermont County | |
| Coordinates: 39°5′56″N 84°16′29″W / 39.09889°N 84.27472°W / 39.09889; -84.27472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Clermont |
| Area | |
| Total | 29.2 sq mi (75.6 km2) |
| Land | 29.0 sq mi (75.1 km2) |
| Water | 0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2) |
| Elevation | 879 ft (268 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 49,639 |
| Density | 1,601/sq mi (618.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 39-78288 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1085872 |
| Website | www.union-township.oh.us |


title: Mohamed Baïlou

abstract: Mohamed Baïlou is a Burkinabé professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Djibouti Premier League club Gendarmerie Nationale. He previously played in the Ghanaian Premier League for Ashanti Gold.

text:
# Mohamed Baïlou

**Mohamed Baïlou** (born 3 March 1991) is a Burkinabé professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Djibouti Premier League club Gendarmerie Nationale. He previously played in the Ghanaian Premier League for Ashanti Gold.

## Club career

Baïlou has had stints with Burkinabé Premier League teams RC Bobo Dioulasso, ASF Bobo Dioulasso and Salitas FC. In 2018, he signed a two-year deal with Ivory Coast Ligue 1 team Racing Club Abidjan.

### Ashanti Gold

In October 2020, after the expiration of his contract with Racing Club Abidjan, Baïlou joined the Ghana Premier league Obuasi-based team Ashanti Gold on a free transfer. He was a member of the squad that featured for the club in the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup. In the 2020–21 Ghana Premier League season he served as the main goalkeeper of the club as Felix Atuquaye Clottey served as the second. He made 9 appearances in the first round of the season, against Clottey's two. Baïlou played two matches for the *Miners* in the 2021 Ghanaian FA Cup in their route to the finals. He played in their round of 16 match against Aduana Stars which ended in a 4–2 victory and their quarter-final match against Kintampo Top Talent which ended in a 2–1 victory. Ashanti Gold however lost the finals to Accra Hearts of Oak leaving Baïlou with a silver medal at the end of the season. In total he played thirteen matches for the club and kept four clean sheets.

### Gendarmerie Nationale

In August 2021, Baïlou joined Djibouti Premier League club Gendarmerie Nationale.

## International career

Baïlou featured for the Burkina Faso national under-23 football team in the past. He has three international caps for Burkina Faso national football team, making his debut and keeping the post in an international friendly against Kazakhstan on 12 May 2015.

## Honours

**RC Bobo Dioulasso**

**Salitas**

**Racing Club Abidjan**

**Ashanti Gold**

## InfoBox

Mohamed Baïlou
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1991-03-03) 3 March 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso | | |
| Height | 1.97 m (6 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Gendarmerie Nationale | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2013–2016 | RC Bobo Dioulasso |  |  |
| 2016–2017 | ASF Bobo Dioulasso |  |  |
| 2017–2018 | Salitas |  |  |
| 2018–2020 | Racing Club Abidjan |  |  |
| 2020–2021 | Ashanti Gold |  |  |
| 2021– | Gendarmerie Nationale |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Burkina Faso U23 |  |  |
| 2015 | Burkina Faso | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |