title: Zinal

abstract: Zinal is a village in Switzerland, located in the municipality of Anniviers in the canton of Valais. It lies at an elevation of 1,675 metres (5,495 ft) above sea level in the Swiss Alps in the Val de Zinal, a valley running from the Zinal Glacier, north of Dent Blanche to the village of Ayer, part of the Val d'Anniviers. With the Dent Blanche, four additional 4,000-metre (13,120 ft) peaks are located around the valley: Bishorn, Weisshorn, Zinalrothorn, and Ober Gabelhorn.

text:
# Zinal

**Zinal** is a village in Switzerland, located in the municipality of Anniviers in the canton of Valais. It lies at an elevation of 1,675 metres (5,495 ft) above sea level in the Swiss Alps in the *Val de Zinal*, a valley running from the Zinal Glacier, north of Dent Blanche to the village of Ayer, part of the Val d'Anniviers. With the Dent Blanche, four additional 4,000-metre (13,120 ft) peaks are located around the valley: Bishorn, Weisshorn, Zinalrothorn, and Ober Gabelhorn.

## Tourism

The village is a typical Swiss ski resort with 120 km (75 mi) (linked with Grimentz since 2013 to form a greater skiing area) of ski slopes and 19.5 km (12.1 mi) of cross-country skiing. In summer the area has 300 km (190 mi) of marked trails and some mountain huts such as the Grand Mountet Hut in the middle of glaciers.

Media related to Zinal at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Zinal | |
| --- | --- |
| Former municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Zinal | |
| ZinalZinal | |
| Coordinates: 46°08′N 7°37′E / 46.133°N 7.617°E / 46.133; 7.617 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Valais |
| District | Sierre |
| Municipality | Anniviers |
| Area | |
| Total | 0 km2 (0 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,675 m (5,495 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-VS |
| Website |
 |


title: Lydia Marinelli

abstract: Lydia Marinelli was an Austrian historian, editor, academic author and curator. She also displayed originality and flair as an exhibition organiser. Her speciality was the history of psychoanalysis. The most public aspect of her career involved her work as curator of the Sigmund Freud Museum in Vienna. Lydia Marinelli died young. Her suicide was followed by heartfelt tributes from fellow scholars. "Her death", wrote Michael Hagner "... at the age of just forty-three has robbed us of one of the most original humanities scholars ("Geisteswissenschaftlerinnen") of her generation".

text:
# Lydia Marinelli

**Lydia Marinelli** (15 July 1965 - 8 September 2008) was an Austrian historian, editor, academic author and curator. She also displayed originality and flair as an exhibition organiser. Her speciality was the history of psychoanalysis. The most public aspect of her career involved her work as curator of the Sigmund Freud Museum in Vienna.

Lydia Marinelli died young. Her suicide was followed by heartfelt tributes from fellow scholars. "Her death", wrote Michael Hagner "... at the age of just forty-three has robbed us of one of the most original humanities scholars (*"Geisteswissenschaftlerinnen"*) of her generation".

## Life

Lydia Marinelli was born at Matrei, a relatively isolated little town north of Lienz, high in the mountains of East Tyrol. There were at least four siblings. She studied History, Literature and Philosophy at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1990. In 1992 she took a research fellowship with the Sigmund Freud Society, later becoming a curator at the foundation's Sigmund Freud Museum at Berggasse 19. Marinelli received her doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1999 for a dissertation entitled "Psyches Kanon – Zur Publikationsgeschichte der Psychoanalyse rund um den Internationalen Psychoanalytischen Verlag", concerning the publications on psychoanalysis produced by the highly influential so-called "International Psychoanalytic Publishing House" which operated in Vienna between 1919 and 1938. It was characteristic that Marinelli combined her work on the dissertation with a small (and very well reviewed) exhibition on the same themes which she was preparing for the Freud Museum. The dissertation subsequently provided a basis for several works adapted and published by colleagues after her death.

In 2003/04 Marinelli became "Director of the Research Division" (*"wissenschaftliche Leiterin"*) at the Sigmund Freud Foundation, retaining the post for the rest of her life.

Although the focus of her professional career was on Vienna, Lydia Marinelli was an enthusiastic networker and communicator, notably when it came to encouraging a less polarised and ossified approach to the study of Sigmund Freud. She was an academic researcher at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. In 2008, shortly before her death, she also became a "visiting scholar" and stipendiate at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. She authored a number of papers and articles, sometimes one her own and sometimes jointly with colleagues. Topics to which she repeatedly returned included the History and Theory of Psychology, Dreams and Sigmund Freud. She was also constantly fascinated by with continual changes in the history of media treatment of psychology and related subjects. Her written contributions often coincided with exhibitions that she staged, generally at the Sigmund Freud Museum. She also taught as an outside lecturer at the University of Vienna.

## Exhibitions

Lydia Marinelli became known for the imaginative and thought provoking exhibitions that she staged at the Sigmund Freud Museum. Many were specialist, tightly targeted and low-key. At least four of her more substantial exhibitions at the museum attracted wider notice, however:

1. Thomas Macho (21 January 2010). "Lydia Marinelli: Schriften zur Geschichte der Psychoanalyse". *Was sich mit einem Trick der Evidenz von Sigmund Freuds Mütze lernen lässt*. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
2. Andreas Mayer \[in German\]. "In Memoriam: Lydia Marinelli (1965–2008)" (PDF). *The Historian of the Freud Museum: Lydia Marinelli*. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
3. "Frau Dr. Marinelli Lydia: Friedhof Matrei in Osttirol, † 08.09.2008". *Kondolenzbuch (55 Beiträge)*. Trauerhilfe. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
4. Rudolf Vierhaus (3 May 2011). *Marinelli, Lydia*. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-3-11-097777-6. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
5. Peter Nömaier, Monika Pessler & Daniela Finzi i.A. Sigmund Freud Museum. "In Remembrance of Lydia Marinelli 1965-2008". Retrieved 12 January 2020.
6. Michael Hagner \[in German\] (September 2008). "Die Seele Freuds" (PDF). *Zum Tod der Historikerin Lydia Marinelli*. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
7. "Dr. Lydia Marinelli". *Leitung Wissenschaft*. Sigmund Freud Foundation (Freud Museum), Vienna. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
8. "Hommage an Lydia Marinelli". Sigmund-Freud-Gesellschaft. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
9. Elke Flatau (18 November 2014). *Methodisches Vorgehen und Auswahl der Fallbeispiele: Forschungsbericht Freud*. Springer-Verlag. pp. 46–54, 49, 51. ISBN 978-3-658-08141-6. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
10. "Mag. Dr. Lydia Marinelli" (PDF). *Wissenschaftliche Leiterin der Sigmund Freud Privatstiftung*. Sigmund Freud Privatstiftung. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
11. "Psychoanalytisches Wissen: Hg. von Lydia Marinelli". Verlag Turia + Kant, Wien. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
12. ""Meine... alten und dreckigen Götter", Aus Sigmund Freuds Sammlung". *ine Ausstellung des Sigmund Freud-Museums Wien in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Freud Museum London und der Arbeitsgruppe Archäologische Sammlung des Instituts für Klassische Archäologie der Universität Wien, 18.11.1998 - 17.2.1999*. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
13. "Freuds verschwundene Nachbarn, Sigmund Freud-Museum Wien: 26.3. - 28.9.2003". Sigmund Freud Museum. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
14. "Die Couch. Vom Denken im Liegen, Sigmund Freud Museum: 5. Mai 2006 - 5. November 2006". Sigmund Freud Museum. Retrieved 14 January 2020.

## InfoBox

| Lydia Marinelli | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1965-07-15)15 July 1965
Matrei in Osttirol, Austria |
| Died | 8 September 2008(2008-09-08) (aged 43)
Vienna, Austria |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Occupation(s) | Historian
Editor
Author
Curator of the Sigmund Freud Museum |
| Parent | Andrä & Gretl Marinelli |


title: Lying (position)

abstract: Lying – also called recumbency, prostration, or decubitus in medicine – is a type of human position in which the body is more or less horizontal and supported along its length by the surface underneath. Lying is the most common position while being immobilized, while sleeping, or while being struck by injury or disease.

text:
# Lying (position)

**Lying**  also called **recumbency**, **prostration**, or **decubitus** in medicine (from Latin  **decumbo** 'to lie down')  is a type of human position in which the body is more or less horizontal and supported along its length by the surface underneath. Lying is the most common position while being immobilized (e.g. in bedrest), while sleeping, or while being struck by injury or disease.

## Positions

When lying, the body may assume a great variety of shapes and positions. The following are the basic recognized ones.

* Supine: lying on the back on the ground with the face up.
* Prone: lying on the chest with the face down ("lying down" or "going prone"). See also "Prostration".
* Lying on either side, with the body straight or bent/curled forward or backward.
    + The fetal position is lying or sitting curled, with limbs close to the torso and the head close to the knees.
    + The recovery position (coma position), one of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three-quarters prone position of the body, into which an unconscious but breathing casualty can be placed as part of first aid treatment.

When medical professionals use this term to describe the position of a patient, they first state the part of the body on which the patient is resting followed by the word *decubitus*. For example, the *right lateral decubitus position* (RLDP) would mean that the patient is lying on their right side. *Left lateral decubitus position* (LLDP) would mean that the patient is lying on their left side.

Another example is *angina decubitus* 'chest pain while lying down'.

In radiology, this term implies that the patient is lying down with the X-ray being taken parallel to the horizon.

## As a treatment

Bedrest as a medical treatment refers to staying in bed day and night as a treatment for an illness or medical condition, especially when prescribed or chosen rather than resulting from severe prostration or imminent death. Even though most patients in hospitals spend most of their time in the hospital beds, bedrest more often refers to an extended period of recumbence at home.


title: Telecommunications in Togo

abstract: Telecommunications in Togo include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

text:
# Telecommunications in Togo

**Telecommunications in Togo** include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

## Radio and television

**Radio stations:** state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007).

**Television stations:** two state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available (2007).

Private media in Togo have proliferated, with dozens of commercial and community radios and a handful of private TV stations in operation. Radio is the most popular medium, particularly in rural areas. The main TV station is the government-owned Television Togolaise.

The radio services of the BBC World Service, Gabon's Africa No. 1, and Radio France Internationale (RFI) are all available.

## Telephone

**Calling code:** +228

**International call prefix:** 00

**Main lines:**

* 225,000 lines in use, 127th in the world (2012);
* 213,800 lines in use, 126th in the world (2010).

**Mobile cellular:**

* 3.5 million lines, 124th in the world (2012);
* 2.5 million lines, 129th in the world (2010).

**Telephone system:** fair system based on network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and cellular system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating (2010).

**Satellite earth stations:** 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie (satellite) (2010).

**Communications cables:** West Africa Cable System (WACS), a submarine cable linking countries along the west coast of Africa with each other and with Portugal and the United Kingdom; GLO-1 which links countries along the west coast of Africa to each other and to Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

## Internet

**Top-level domain:** .tg

**Internet users:**

* 278,442 users, 144th in the world; 4.0% of the population, 191st in the world (2012);
* 356,300 users, 123rd in the world (2009).

**Fixed broadband:** 5,560 subscriptions, 158th in the world; 0.1% of the population, 170th in the world (2012).

**Wireless broadband:** 47,892 subscribers, 125th in the world; 0.7% of the population, 135th in the world (2012).

**Internet hosts:**

* 1,168 hosts, 170th in the world (2012);
* 1,165 hosts, 169th in the world (2011).

**IPv4:** 13,312 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 1.9 addresses per 1000 people (2012).

### Internet censorship and surveillance

There are no known government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms without judicial oversight. Although the constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, the government restricts these rights.

The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions. In criminal cases a judge or senior police official may authorize searches of private residences. Citizens believe the government monitors telephones and correspondence, although such surveillance has not been confirmed.

* This article incorporates public domain material from *The World Factbook*. CIA.
* This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.

* CAFE (in French), C.A.F.E. Informatique et Telecommunications.
* NetMaster.tg (in French), by NIC.tg.


title: Lygrommatoides

abstract: Lygrommatoides is a monotypic genus of Japanese long-spinneret ground spiders containing the single species, Lygrommatoides problematica. It was first described by Embrik Strand in 1918, and is only found in Japan.

text:
# Lygrommatoides

***Lygrommatoides*** is a monotypic genus of Japanese long-spinneret ground spiders containing the single species, ***Lygrommatoides problematica***. It was first described by Embrik Strand in 1918, and is only found in Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Lygrommatoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Prodidomidae |
| Genus: | *Lygrommatoides*
Strand, 1918 |
| Species: | ***L. problematica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lygrommatoides problematica***
Strand, 1918 | |
|


title: Lygromma

abstract: Lygromma is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six and no eyes. The eyeless L. anops is endemic to the Galapagos, while the distantly related blind L. gertschi is found only on Jamaica. The Mexican genera Tivodrassus and Tricongius have been suggested as sister groups of Lygromma. Species can reach a body length from about 2 to 4.6 mm.

text:
# Lygromma

***Lygromma*** is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. *L. senoculatum*, *L. valencianum*) and no eyes. The eyeless *L. anops* is endemic to the Galapagos, while the distantly related blind *L. gertschi* is found only on Jamaica.

The Mexican genera *Tivodrassus* and *Tricongius* have been suggested as sister groups of *Lygromma*.

Species can reach a body length from about 2 to 4.6 mm.

## Species

As of August 2022, the genus contains 19 species:

* Platnick, N.I. & Shadab, M.U. (1976). A revision of the spider genera *Lygromma* and *Neozimiris* (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). *Amer. Mus. Novitates* 2598:1-23. PDF (8Mb) \- Abstract (with key to species)
* Platnick, N.I. (1977). Two new species of *Lygromma* (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). *J. Arachnol.* 5:151-152. PDF (*L. tuxtla*, *L. wygodzinskyi*)
* Shear, W.A. & Peck, S.B. (1992). Male of the blind cave gnaphosoid *Lygromma anops* (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea, Prodidomidae) from Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. *Journal of Arachnology* 20:69-71. PDF

## InfoBox

| *Lygromma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Prodidomidae |
| Genus: | *Lygromma*<br>Simon, 1893 |
|
| Species | |
| See text. | |


title: Ted Carroll

abstract: Edmund Gerard "Ted" Carroll was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back for the Kilkenny senior team. Born in Lisdowney, County Kilkenny, Carroll first played competitive hurling during his schooling at St. Kieran's College. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of eighteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team. He made his senior debut during the 1971 championship. Carroll subsequently became a regular member of the starting fifteen and won three All-Ireland medals, five Leinster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions. As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions Carroll won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he won one championship medal with University College Dublin while he also enjoyed a lengthy career with Lisdowney. His brother-in-law, Jimmy O'Brien, was a two-time All-Ireland medallist with Wexford. Throughout his career Carroll made 22 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1971 championship. In retirement from playing Carroll became involved in the administrative affairs of the Gaelic Athletic Association. He served as secretary of the Kilkenny County Board between 1984 and 1995. In 1969, Carrol was selected as the Texaco Hurler of the Year. He has sometimes been voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at centre-back on the Fitzgibbon Cup Hurling Team of the Century in 2012.

text:
# Ted Carroll

**Edmund Gerard "Ted" Carroll** (19 February 1939  22 December 1995) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back for the Kilkenny senior team.

Born in Lisdowney, County Kilkenny, Carroll first played competitive hurling during his schooling at St. Kieran's College. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of eighteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team. He made his senior debut during the 1971 championship. Carroll subsequently became a regular member of the starting fifteen and won three All-Ireland medals, five Leinster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions Carroll won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he won one championship medal with University College Dublin while he also enjoyed a lengthy career with Lisdowney.

His brother-in-law, Jimmy O'Brien, was a two-time All-Ireland medallist with Wexford.

Throughout his career Carroll made 22 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1971 championship.

In retirement from playing Carroll became involved in the administrative affairs of the Gaelic Athletic Association. He served as secretary of the Kilkenny County Board between 1984 and 1995.

In 1969, Carrol was selected as the Texaco Hurler of the Year. He has sometimes been voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at centre-back on the Fitzgibbon Cup Hurling Team of the Century in 2012.

## Playing career

### College

During his schooling at St. Kieran's College in Kilkenny, Carroll established himself as a key member of the senior hurling team. In 1957 he was captain of the team and won a Leinster medal following a 6-3 to 3-0 defeat of Patrician College. St. Flannan's College provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland decider and held the lead until the dying minutes. A late goal at the death secured a remarkable 4-2 to 2-7 victory for St. Kieran's and an All-Ireland medal for Carroll.

### University

During his studies at University College Dublin, Carroll quickly came to the attention of the selectors of the college hurling team. In 1958 he failed to make the starting fifteen but was included on the extended panel as the Dublin outfit faced University College Galway in the final of the Fitzgibbon Cup. A huge 7-9 to 2-1 victory gave Carroll, who came on as a substitute, a first Fitzgibbon Cup medal.

UCD surrendered their title to old rivals University College Cork in 1959, however, the sides renewed their rivalry the following year. By now Carroll was a regular at centre-back and won a second Fitzgibbon Cup medal following the 4-10 to 4-3 victory.

Carroll lined out in a fourth successive Fitzgibbon Cup decider in 1961, as University College Galway provided the opposition once again. The game was a close affair, however, a narrow 3-6 to 3-4 victory gave Carroll a third Fitzgibbon Cup medal.

### Club

Carroll first enjoyed success at club level as a Gaelic footballer with Galmoy, an amalgamation of teams from Johnstown, Galmoy and Lisdowney. In 1955 he was a member of the minor team that faced St. Canice's in the minor decider. A 2-7 to 1-2 victory gave Carroll his first championship medal.

By this stage Carroll was also a regular on the Lisdowney junior team. In 1960 the team qualified for just their second ever junior championship decider, having lost at their first attempt eighteen years earlier. A hard-fought 3-8 to 2-5 defeat of Knocktopher secured a championship medal for Carroll.

His studies in Dublin also allowed Carroll to line out for University College Dublin in their county championship. A defeat of St. Vincent's in the 1961 secured a Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship medal for Carroll.

After just two years in the top flight of Kilkenny hurling, Lisdowney qualified for the senior decider in 1962. A 5-7 to 2-8 defeat by Bennettsbridge resulted in disappointment for Carroll.

By 1978 Carroll was approaching forty years of age, however, he still continued to line out with Lisdowney who were now playing in the intermediate grade. The club reached the final that year, however, a 2-21 to 4-7 score line resulted in defeat of Carroll's side.

### Minor

Carroll was seventeen year-old when he was called up to the Kilkenny minor team in 1956. He won a Leinster medal that year following a 4–7 to 3–7 defeat of Wexford in the provincial decider. On 23 September 1956 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. A 4–16 to 1–5 trouncing, with teen sensation Jimmy Doyle contributing 2-3, resulted in defeat for Carroll and his side.

The following year Carroll added a second Leinster medal to his collection, as Offaly were defeated by 5–10 to 4–2. For the second year in-a-row, Tipperary provided the opposition in the All-Ireland final on 1 September 1957. In a close game Tipperary eventually triumphed by 4–7 to 3–7.

### Senior

#### Early success

Carroll made his senior championship debut on 18 June 1961 in a 6-8 to 5-7 Leinster semi-final defeat by Wexford.

After two years without success, Carroll won his first Leinster medal in 1963 following a 2–10 to 0–9 defeat of Dublin. This victory allowed Kilkenny to advance directly into an All-Ireland showdown with Waterford on 1 September 1963. "The Cats" entered the game as underdogs, however, Eddie Keher proved to be the difference with a magnificent display in which he scored fourteen points. Despite a hat-trick of goals from Waterford's Séamus Power, Kilkenny secured a 4–17 to 6–8 victory. It was Carroll's first All-Ireland medal.

#### All-Ireland defeats

Carroll added a second Leinster medal to his collection in 1964 as Dublin were defeated on a 4–11 to 1–8 score line. The All-Ireland final on 6 September 1964 saw Kilkenny enter the game as firm favourites against fierce rivals Tipperary. John "Mackey" McKenna scored Tipperary's first goal after ten minutes as the Munster champions took a 1–8 to 0–6 interval lead. The second half saw Tipperary score goals for fun, with Donie Nealon getting a hat-trick and Seán McLoughlin another. Kilkenny were humiliated at the full-time whistle as Tipperary triumphed by 5–13 to 2–8.

After surrendering their provincial crown in 1965, Kilkenny bounced back the following year by reaching the final of the National Hurling League. An aggregate 10–15 to 2–15 defeat of New York gave Carroll a league medal. He later won a third Leinster medal following a 1–15 to 2–6 defeat of Wexford. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 4 September 1966 pitted Kilkenny against Cork for the first time in nineteen years. Kilkenny were the favourites, however, a hat-trick of goals by Colm Sheehan gave Cork a merited 3–9 to 1–10 victory.

#### Kilkenny resurgence

Carroll was moved to left corner-back in 1967 and collected a fourth Leinster medal as Kilkenny retained their provincial crown following a 4–10 to 1–12 defeat of Wexford after a scare in the opening half. On 3 September 1967 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland decider. Tipperary looked like continuing their hoodoo over their near rivals as they took a 2–6 to 1–3 lead at half-time. Goalkeeper Ollie Walsh was the hero for Kilkenny as he made a series of spectacular saves, however, the team lost Eddie Keher and Tom Walsh to injury in the second half. In spite of this, Kilkenny laid to rest a bogey that Tipperary had over the team since 1922, and a 3–8 to 2–7 victory gave Carroll a second All-Ireland medal. He finished off the year by claiming an Oireachtas medal following a 4-4 to 1-8 defeat of Clare.

Wexford put an end to Kilkenny's hopes of retaining the title in 1968, however, the Noresiders bounced back the following year with Carroll collecting a fifth Leinster medal following a 3–9 to 0–16 defeat of Offaly. On 7 September 1969 Kilkenny took on Cork in the All-Ireland decider. The Leesiders got into their stride following an early goal by Charlie McCarthy and led by six points coming up to half time when Kilkenny raised a green flag themselves. Kilkenny upped their performance after the interval and ran out winners on a 2–15 to 2–9 scoreline. The victory gave Carroll a third All-Ireland medal as well as the man of the match title, while he was later named as the Texaco Hurler of the Year. Cork and Kilkenny renewed their rivalry before the end of the year, however, a 4-14 to 3-10 victory gave Carroll a second Oireachtas medal.

#### Decline

After surrendering their provincial and All-Ireland crowns to Wexford the following year, Carroll was dropped from the starting fifteen in 1971. He was a non-playing substitute as Kilkenny defeated Wexford by 6-16 to 3-16 to take the Leinster title once again. On 5 September 1971 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final, however, Carroll still remained on the bench. He was introduced as a substitute for "Fan" Larkin, however, Tipperary emerged the victors on a score line of 5–17 to 5–14. This defeat brought the curtain down on Carroll’s inter-county career.

### Inter-provincial

In 1965 Carroll was at centre-back on the Leinster inter-provincial team. He won a Railway Cup medal that year following Leinster's 2-11 to 0-9 defeat of Munster.

## Post-playing career

In retirement from playing Carroll became involved in the administrative affairs of the Gaelic Athletic Association. In 1982 he was elected chairman of the Northern Board before taking over as secretary of the Kilkenny County Board in 1984. Carroll held this position for over a decade.

## Personal life

Born in Lisdowney, County Kilkenny, Carroll and his twin brother, Mick, were raised on the family farm. Educated locally at Lisdowney National School, he was enrolled in St. Kieran's College in 1952. After finishing his studies here in 1958, Carroll was accepted to University College Dublin, however, an administrative error meant that he received no notification of the fact that he had been accepted to the veterinary course. Instead he started studying agricultural science and, following his graduation, Carroll began working with Teagasc.

Carroll married Angela Lenehan, a native of Kilkenny city, in 1966 and settled down in the Dicksboro area of Kilkenny. The couple had five children: Pat (born 1967), Donal (born 1969), Helen (born 1971), Ted (born 1973) and David (born 1977).

On 22 December 1995 Carroll died suddenly.

## Honours

### Player

St. Kieran's College Galmoy * Kilkenny Minor Football Championship (1): 1955

Lisdowney University College Dublin Kilkenny Leinster

### Individual

Honours * Fitzgibbon Cup Team of the Century: Centre-back
* Texaco Hurler of the Year (1): 1969
* All-Ireland Senior Hurling Final Man of the Match (1): 1969

## InfoBox

Ted Carroll
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Éamon Ó Cearrbhaill* | | |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Position | Centre-back | | |
| Born | 19 February 1939
Lisdowney, County Kilkenny, Ireland | | |
| Died | 22 December 1995 (aged 56)
Kilkenny, Ireland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | | |
| Nickname | Ted | | |
| Occupation | Agricultural advisor | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
| 1954-1978
1958-1962 | Lisdowney
University College Dublin | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Dublin titles | 1 | | |
| Colleges(s) | | | |
| Years | **College** | | |
| 1958-1962 | University College Dublin | | |
| College titles | | | |
| Fitzgibbon titles | 3 | | |
| Inter-county(ies)\* | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1961-1971 | Kilkenny | 22 (0-00) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Leinster titles | 5 | | |
| All-Irelands | 3 | | |
| NHL | 1 | | |
| \*Inter County team apps and scores correct as of 17:38, 30 June 2015. | | | |


title: Lyman Truman

abstract: Lyman Truman was an American merchant, banker and politician from New York.

text:
# Lyman Truman

**Lyman Truman** (March 2, 1806 – March 24, 1881) was an American merchant, banker and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Aaron Truman (1785–1823) and Experience (Park) Truman (1782–1844). He was born in that part of the Town of Spencer which in 1811 was separated as the Town of Candor, in Tioga County. In 1830, he removed to the county seat Owego, and became a clerk in the store of his uncle Asa H. Truman. In 1833, Lyman opened his own store and, in partnership with his brothers, conducted an extensive mercantile and lumber business until 1865. On January 10, 1838, he married Emily M. Goodrich (1817–1896), and they had four children.

He entered politics as a Democrat, became a Whig in 1833, joined the Free Soil Party in 1848, and the Republican Party upon its foundation in 1855. He was Supervisor of the Town of Owego in 1849 and 1857. He was President of the Bank of Owego, later the First National Bank of Owego, from 1856 until his death.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (24th D.) from 1858 to 1863, sitting in the 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, 85th and 86th New York State Legislatures.

He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Tioga Co.) in 1869.

He died on March 24, 1881, in Owego.

## Sources


title: Lyman W. Redington

abstract: Lyman W. Redington was an American attorney and politician who was active in Vermont and New York. A Democrat, he served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1880 to 1882, and the New York State Assembly from 1898 to 1900. In addition, as a Democrat during the more than 100 years when Republicans won every statewide election and contest for federal office, Redington was also an unsuccessful candidate for Vermont's 1st district seat in the United States House of Representatives in 1882, and governor of Vermont in 1884. A native of Waddington, New York, Redington was educated at Vermont's Castleton Seminary and Massachusetts' Williston Academy. After attending Yale College and Columbia Law School, Redington studied law in the Milwaukee office of U.S. Senator Matthew H. Carpenter. After attaining admission to the bar, he practiced briefly in Wisconsin and Iowa before settling in Rutland Village, Vermont. Active in politics as a Democrat, Redington served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1878 to 1880, and Rutland's municipal judge from 1884 to 1885. In 1884, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for governor of Vermont. In 1885, he was appointed postmaster of Rutland Village, and he served until 1889. Redington resigned as Rutland's postmaster because he relocated to New York City, where he continued to practice law and took part in politics as a member of the Tammany Hall Democratic organization. From 1898 to 1899, he served in the New York State Assembly. After breaking with Tammany Hall, Redington remained active in politics, usually in support of Democratic candidates, but occasionally as a supporter of Republicans who opposed corruption and supported the gold standard. He later moved from Manhattan to Queens, where he continued to practice law until his death. Redington was interred at Fresh Pond Crematory and Columbarium in Middle Village, Queens.

text:
# Lyman W. Redington

**Lyman W. Redington** (March 14, 1849 – October 18, 1925) was an American attorney and politician who was active in Vermont and New York. A Democrat, he served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1880 to 1882, and the New York State Assembly from 1898 to 1900. In addition, as a Democrat during the more than 100 years when Republicans won every statewide election and contest for federal office, Redington was also an unsuccessful candidate for Vermont's 1st district seat in the United States House of Representatives in 1882, and governor of Vermont in 1884.

A native of Waddington, New York, Redington was educated at Vermont's Castleton Seminary and Massachusetts' Williston Academy. After attending Yale College and Columbia Law School, Redington studied law in the Milwaukee office of U.S. Senator Matthew H. Carpenter. After attaining admission to the bar, he practiced briefly in Wisconsin and Iowa before settling in Rutland Village, Vermont. Active in politics as a Democrat, Redington served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1878 to 1880, and Rutland's municipal judge from 1884 to 1885. In 1884, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for governor of Vermont. In 1885, he was appointed postmaster of Rutland Village, and he served until 1889.

Redington resigned as Rutland's postmaster because he relocated to New York City, where he continued to practice law and took part in politics as a member of the Tammany Hall Democratic organization. From 1898 to 1899, he served in the New York State Assembly. After breaking with Tammany Hall, Redington remained active in politics, usually in support of Democratic candidates, but occasionally as a supporter of Republicans who opposed corruption and supported the gold standard. He later moved from Manhattan to Queens, where he continued to practice law until his death. Redington was interred at Fresh Pond Crematory and Columbarium in Middle Village, Queens.

## Early life

Lyman Williams Redington was born in Waddington, New York on March 14, 1849, the son of George Redington and Loraine Williams (Sheldon) Redington, who died in childbirth. George Redington was active in the lumber and real estate businesses, served as a local judge, and was a member of the New York State Assembly. Lyman Redington was raised and educated in Waddington and in Rutland Town, Vermont, then attended Castleton Seminary in Vermont and Williston Academy in Massachusetts. He completed Williston's Classical curriculum in 1866, then began attendance at Yale College as a member of the class of 1870. He left Yale in 1867 because difficulty with his eyesight left him unable to study. After completing a course of treatment in 1868, he returned to Williston, where he graduated from the English curriculum in 1869. During his second course at Williston, he was a co-founding editor of the *Salmagundi* yearbook.

Redington moved to New York City in 1869 to attend Columbia Law School, where he remained until 1870. He then moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he studied law in the office of U.S. Senator Matthew H. Carpenter. He was admitted to the bar of Wisconsin in 1871, then traveled extensively in Europe.

## Early career

As a partner in the firm of Goodwin and Redington, Redington practiced in Milwaukee from 1871, after which he spent a short time practicing law in Council Bluffs, Iowa. In July 1873, he moved to the village of Rutland in Rutland Town, where he continued to practice law. In partnership with Albert H. Tuttle, from July to December 1873 Redington also held a one-third ownership share of the *Rutland Herald* newspaper, for which he prepared frequent editorials on politics and current events. In January 1875, Redington formed the Baker and Redington law firm with partner Joel C. Baker.

Redington was active in politics as a Democrat. Despite holding this affiliation during the period of more than 100 years when Republicans won every statewide election, Redington served in several party positions and attained electoral success at the local level. In 1876, he won election as Rutland's grand juror (prosecutor in the municipal court), and he served for five years. Later in 1876, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Vermont House of Representatives. In April 1877, Redington was an unsuccessful candidate in the first election for judge of Rutland's newly created municipal court. He represented Rutland in the Vermont House from 1878 to 1880, and was a delegate to the 1880 Democratic National Convention. In 1879, Redington formed a new law partnership, this time with Fred M. Butler. In August 1880, Redington purchased Rutland's *Review-Inquirer* newspaper, which he intended to publish as a Democratic organ.

In June 1881, Redington was the commencement speaker at Williston Academy. In June 1882, he was chairman of Vermont's state Democratic convention. In 1882, he was also an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives. In March 1884, Redington was appointed to fill a vacancy as judge of Rutland's municipal court, and he won election to a full term in April 1884, then was reelected in March 1885. He was a delegate to the 1884 Democratic National Convention, and was also the unsuccessful Democratic nominee in the 1884 gubernatorial election.

## Continued career

As a supporter of Grover Cleveland's successful 1884 presidential campaign, Redington was rewarded in July 1885 with appointment as Rutland's postmaster, and he resigned his judgeship. He served as postmaster until May 1889, when he resigned in anticipation of relocating to New York City. Throughout his career, Redington gave frequent lectures and speeches, with a series of presentations on his travels in Europe being the most frequently delivered in lecture halls, churches, and other venues. A talented musician and actor, Redington frequently appeared in amateur performances in the Rutland area. He was also involved in several fraternal organizations, including the Sons of the Revolution, Knights of Pythias and Freemasons.

While serving as postmaster, Redington continued to practice law. In addition, he was involved in several business ventures, including serving on the board of directors and as president of the New England Fire Insurance Company. He was also an officer of Vermont's lodge of the Knights of Honor, a benefit society that operated in the late 1800s and early 1900s. He continued his efforts on behalf of the Democratic Party, including campaigning throughout Vermont and upstate New York during the 1888 United States presidential election and holding leadership positions in the National Association of Democratic Clubs.

In May 1889, Redington formed a partnership with Alexander U. Mayer, a Manhattan attorney. He relocated from Rutland to New York City in mid-1889, where he practiced law with the firm of Redington & Mayer. In early 1891, he formed a new partnership with attorney George P. Webster, and Webster & Redington continued to practice in New York City. As a New Yorker, Redington continued his affiliation with the Democratic Party by becoming active in the Tammany Hall organization. In addition to practicing law, he was an organizer of the National Homestead Company, an investment and home mortgage firm, of which he was president.

In 1894, Redington was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for New York State Assembly in the 27th district of New York County. In 1896, he was the party's unsuccessful nominee in the 34th district of New York County. In 1897, Redington won election to the Assembly from New York County's 34th district. He was reelected in 1898, and served from January 1, 1898, to December 31, 1899. His support for a bill that would have formed a private utility company for Astoria, Queens caused the leaders of Tammany Hall to request his resignation from the organization.

## Later career

In May 1898, Redington was appointed to thee board of directors of a newly-formed business venture, the Alaska Sunrise Gold Mining Company. As a result of his falling out with Tammany Hall, he was not renominated for the Assembly in 1899, and he subsequently attempted to form a competing organization, the Tecumseh Club. In March 1900, business reverses caused Redington to file for bankruptcy, declaring assets of $700, and debts of slightly more than $39,000. During the 1900 United States presidential election, he announced that Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan's support for bimetallism with respect to U.S. currency, the major economic issue of the time, had caused him to endorse incumbent Republican William McKinley, a supporter of the gold standard. In October 1901, Redington was a delegate to the Democratic nominating convention for New York City municipal offices, and made the nominating speech on behalf of Charles V. Fornes for president of the board of aldermen. During the rest of the campaign, he made speeches on behalf of Seth Low, the mayoral candidate of Republicans and anti-Tammany Democrats.

In the summer of 1904, Redington made campaign speeches for Democrats at several locations in Vermont, including Bristol and Middlebury. During the 1904 United States presidential election, Redington supported Democratic nominee Alton B. Parker and made speeches on his behalf in New York and Vermont. In 1906, Redington was a supporter of Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican nominee in the for governor, and made campaign speeches on his behalf. From 1908 to 1910, he served as an assistant corporation counsel for the borough of Manhattan. In March 1909, Redington joined George Schuster, mechanic for the American team in the 1908 New York to Paris Race, as Schuster traveled the state by car to plan the New York portion of the route for a scheduled New York City to Seattle race.

In August 1911, Redington was the victim of a home robbery; news accounts indicated that the thief or thieves knew enough about tableware to steal only items of solid silver, which were worth about $100 (about $3,100 in 2024). In the 1912 United States Presidential Election, Redington backed Woodrow Wilson and was a campaign speaker at events in New York City and on Long Island. Redington continued to remain active as an attorney and was residing in and practicing law in Flushing, Queens when he died at his home on October 18, 1925. He was interred at Fresh Pond Crematory and Columbarium in Middle Village, Queens.

## Family

On October 6, 1875, Redington married Catherine Russell Merrill. She died in January 1900, and they were the parents of three children, Mary Patterson (b. 1876), Thomas Gregory (b. 1880), and Paul Merrill (b. 1886). On October 6, 1900, he married Frances De Montoya. In 1931, she married Raymond Barnes Carroll of Plainfield, New Jersey.

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2. Carter, p. 21.
3. Carter, p. 27.
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25. "Our Regular Rutland Letter: The Annual Election of the Village". *Argus and Patriot*. Montpelier, VT. May 6, 1885. p. 2  via Newspapers.com.
26. "What is Said of Them". *Argus and Patriot*. Montpelier, VT. July 22, 1885. p. 4  via Newspapers.com.
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32. McAdam, p. 315.
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43. "The Vote for Assemblymen". *The New York Times*. New York, NY. November 24, 1894. p. 2  via Newspapers.com.
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45. "Election Notices: Thirty-Fourth Assembly District". *The New York Sun*. New York, NY. December 23, 1897. p. 10  via Newspapers.com.
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48. "Tammany to Punish Grossman". *The New York Times*. New York, NY. April 30, 1899. p. 3  via Newspapers.com.
49. "Telegraphic Ticks: Albany, N.Y." *Brooklyn Times-Union*. Brooklyn, NY. May 16, 1898. p. 8  via Newspapers.com.
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51. "Lawyer Goes Into Bankruptcy". *New-York Tribune*. New York, NY. March 28, 1900. p. 11  via Newspapers.com.
52. "L. W. Redington Out of the Hybrid Party". *Vermont Phoenix*. Brattleboro, VT. October 5, 1900. p. 5  via Newspapers.com.
53. "Democrats Adopt Ticket". *New-York Tribune*. New York, NY. October 2, 1901. p. 5  via Newspapers.com.
54. "State of Vermont: Lyman W. Redington". *Herald and News*. Randolph, VT. November 7, 1901. p. 5  via Newspapers.com.
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57. "Democratic Rally". *St. Albans Messenger*. St. Albans, VT. August 25, 1904. p. 1  via Newspapers.com.
58. "Parker Constitution Clubs". *The New York Times*. New York, NY. August 31, 1904. p. 3  via Newspapers.com.
59. "Shows Hearst's Double-Dealing". *Buffalo Express*. Buffalo, NY. November 2, 1906. p. 6  via Newspapers.com.
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63. "Suffragists To Hold A Wilson Meeting". *Brooklyn Daily Times*. Brooklyn, NY. August 31, 1912. p. 9  via Newspapers.com.
64. "L. W. Redington Dies In Flushing". *Brooklyn Daily Times*. Brooklyn, NY. October 19, 1925. p. 8  via Newspapers.com.
65. "New York, New York, Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948, Entry for Lyman W. Redington". *Ancestry.com*. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com LLC. October 20, 1925. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
66. "Plainfielder Engaged To Long Island Girl". *Courier News*. Bridgewater, NJ. February 17, 1931. p. 4  via Newspapers.com.

## InfoBox

| Lyman W. Redington | |
| --- | --- |
| From Volume II of 1897's *History of the Bench and Bar of New York* | |
|  | |
| Member of the New York State Assembly | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1898  December 31, 1899 | |
| Preceded by | Philip W. Reinhard Jr. |
| Succeeded by | John J. Scanlon |
| Constituency | New York County's 34th district |
| Postmaster of Rutland Village, Vermont | |
| **In office**
July 17, 1885  July 2, 1889 | |
| Preceded by | Albert H. Tuttle |
| Succeeded by | Fred A. Field |
| Judge of the Rutland Village Municipal Court | |
| **In office**
March 22, 1884  July 20, 1885 | |
| Preceded by | Martin G. Evarts |
| Succeeded by | Albert Landon |
| Member of the Vermont House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
October 2, 1878  October 6, 1880 | |
| Preceded by | John A. Sheldon |
| Succeeded by | John B. Page |
| Constituency | Rutland Town |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1849-03-14)March 14, 1849
Waddington, New York, U.S. |
| Died | October 18, 1925(1925-10-18) (aged 76)
Flushing, Queens, New York, U.S. |
| Resting place | Fresh Pond Crematory and Columbarium, Middle Village, Queens, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Catherine Russell Merrill (m. 1875)
Frances Sutton (m. 1900) |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | Yale College (attended)
Columbia Law School (attended) |
| Profession | Attorney |
|  | |


abstract: The X Factor is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The third series was broadcast on ITV from 19 August 2006 until 16 December 2006. Louis Walsh, Sharon Osbourne and Simon Cowell all returned for their third series on the judging panel. Kate Thornton returned to present the main show on ITV, while Ben Shephard returned to present spin-off show The Xtra Factor on ITV2. After the semi-final on 9 December, Cowell became the winning judge even though the series had not yet finished, as two of his acts, Ray Quinn and Leona Lewis, became the two finalists. Lewis won the series on 16 December, with Quinn finishing as runner-up. Instead of the earlier red and purple colour scheme, this year's theme was red and blue. A new-look website for the third series was launched on 11 August 2006. The final on 16 December brought in the show's then-highest ever audience, with 12.6 million people tuning in, and 8 million votes were cast, with Lewis receiving 60%. Lewis released a cover of Kelly Clarkson's "A Moment Like This" as her winner's single, and it went on to become the Christmas number one on 24 December despite only going on sale four days before on 20 December. It ended as the United Kingdom's second best selling single of the year. In January 2007, the single was awarded platinum status by the British Phonographic Industry. According to the Official Charts Company, the song has sold 895,000 copies in the United Kingdom as of December 2012. Lewis emerged as the most successful contestant to appear on the X Factor having sold over 30 million records worldwide as well as being the only former contestant to be nominated for a Grammy. This was the last series presented by Kate Thornton and the last time Ben Shephard presented The Xtra Factor. It was also the last series with only three judges.

text:
# The X Factor (British TV series) series 3

***The X Factor*** is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The third series was broadcast on ITV from 19 August 2006 until 16 December 2006. Louis Walsh, Sharon Osbourne and Simon Cowell all returned for their third series on the judging panel. Kate Thornton returned to present the main show on ITV, while Ben Shephard returned to present spin-off show *The Xtra Factor* on ITV2. After the semi-final on 9 December, Cowell became the winning judge even though the series had not yet finished, as two of his acts, Ray Quinn and Leona Lewis, became the two finalists. Lewis won the series on 16 December, with Quinn finishing as runner-up.

Instead of the earlier red and purple colour scheme, this year's theme was red and blue. A new-look website for the third series was launched on 11 August 2006. The final on 16 December brought in the show's then-highest ever audience, with 12.6 million people tuning in (a 56% audience share), and 8 million votes were cast, with Lewis receiving 60%. Lewis released a cover of Kelly Clarkson's "A Moment Like This" as her winner's single, and it went on to become the Christmas number one on 24 December despite only going on sale four days before on 20 December. It ended as the United Kingdom's second best selling single of the year. In January 2007, the single was awarded platinum status by the British Phonographic Industry. According to the Official Charts Company, the song has sold 895,000 copies in the United Kingdom as of December 2012.

Lewis emerged as the most successful contestant to appear on the *X Factor* having sold over 30 million records worldwide as well as being the only former contestant to be nominated for a Grammy.

This was the last series presented by Kate Thornton and the last time Ben Shephard presented *The Xtra Factor*. It was also the last series with only three judges (excluding times when a judge was absent).

## Judges and Presenters

Judges and Presenter(s) for *The X Factor* Series 3Louis WalshSharon OsbourneSimon CowellPaula Abdul(Guest)Kate Thornton(ITV1)Ben Shephard

Simon Cowell, Sharon Osbourne and Louis Walsh all returned for their third series on the judging panel. Kate Thornton returned to present the main show on ITV, while Ben Shephard returned to present spin-off show *The Xtra Factor* on ITV2.

This was both Thornton and Shephard's last series of *The X Factor*, as Thornton announced her departure on 8 March 2007 and was replaced for the fourth series by Dermot O'Leary. Shephard also quit the show after being passed over for promotion to main presenter. He was replaced by Fearne Cotton. This is the final series to feature just three judges on the panel; from series 4, it was increased for four.

## Selection process

### Auditions

LondonBirminghamManchester
GlasgowLeeds
Dublinclass=notpageimage|Cities that auditions were held in.

Auditions began on 7 June 2006. Simon Cowell said on ITV's *This Morning* "The next international boyband or girlband is what I want to see in this year's show". 100,000 people applied to audition, the most so far. Nearly 20,000 attended an open audition at Old Trafford, Manchester on 18 June 2006.

All three judges, Cowell, Sharon Osbourne and Louis Walsh, returned. Hints by Cowell and the surrounding media that a fourth full-time judge mentoring a fourth category of contestants might be added proved to be false. However, *American Idol* judge Paula Abdul did make an appearance as a guest judge at the London auditions, and further celebrity guests appeared during the live shows. Auditions were held in cities around the UK and Republic of Ireland – London, Manchester, Birmingham, Dublin, Leeds and Glasgow. Cowell had also stated that there *could* be a 14–24s category but during the audition process the category was named as 16–24s, as in the previous two series. Cowell was given the 16–24s, Osbourne had the Over 25s, and Walsh mentored the Groups. (Both rumoured changes – the lowering of the age limit and the addition of a fourth category – were actually implemented in series 4.)

### Bootcamp

It was originally intended that 21 acts (seven for each judge) should remain by the conclusion of the bootcamp stage. However, Cowell decided that he had made a mistake with his seven by failing to include Ray Quinn, and asked the producers to allow one more contestant or act to go through. The other two judges were then allowed to increase their quota to eight as well, giving a total of 24 acts.

### Judges' houses

In the "judges' houses" round this was cut down to 12 to go through to the live finals. Avenue were chosen to go through but were later disqualified, having misled the judges over an existing record contract with a manager who was no longer associated with the show. As a consequence of this disqualification, Eton Road were put through in their place.

Judges Houses Performances * Contestant highlighted in bold advanced

Over 25s:

Groups:

16-24s:

Summary of judges' houses
| Judge | Category | Location | Assistant | Acts Eliminated |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cowell | 16–24s | Miami | Sinitta | Stacey Barnes, Carlo Muscatelli, Shaun Rogerson, Gemma Sampson |
| Osbourne | Over 25s | London | The Osbournes | Katie Angus, Jonathan Bremner, Lyn Fairbanks, Tiwa Savage |
| Walsh | Groups | Dublin | Shane Filan | Avenue, Brother's One, Dolly Rockers, Pure Liberty |

## Acts

Key:

– Winner   – Runner-Up

| Act | Age(s) | Hometown | Category (mentor) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Leona Lewis** | **21** | **North London** | **16-24s (Cowell)** | **Winner** |
| Ray Quinn | 18 | Liverpool | 16-24s (Cowell) | Runner-up |
| Ben Mills | 26 | Chatham | Over 25s (Osbourne) | 3rd place |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 20 | Ayrshire | Groups (Walsh) | 4th place |
| Eton Road\* | 17-20 | Various | | 5th place |
| Robert Allen | 27 | Essex | Over 25s (Osbourne) | 6th place |
| Nikitta Angus | 18 | Glasgow | 16-24s (Cowell) | 7th place |
| Ashley McKenzie | 20 | Croydon | | 8th place |
| Kerry McGregor | 32 | West Lothian | Over 25s (Osbourne) | 9th place |
| Dionne Mitchell | 26 | London | | 10th place |
| 4Sure | 23-38 | Various | Groups (Walsh) | 11th place |
| The Unconventionals | 25-41 | | | 12th place |

* Avenue was originally chosen to go through, but were disqualified from the competition. Eton Road took their place at the live shows.
* Kerry McGregor later died in 2012 from complications of bladder cancer.

## Live shows

### Results summary

Colour key

16-24s

Over 25s

Groups

|  | Act was in the bottom two/three and had to sing again in the final showdown |
| --- | --- |
|  | Act was in the bottom three but received the fewest votes and was immediately eliminated |
|  | Act received the fewest public votes and was immediately eliminated (no final showdown) |
|  | Act won the competition |

Weekly results per act
| Act | | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Quarter-Final | Semi-Final | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Leona Lewis | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Winner** |
|  | Ray Quinn | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Runner-Up** |
|  | Ben Mills | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | **Safe** | **3rd** | Eliminated
(semi-final) |
|  | The MacDonald Brothers | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **4th** | Eliminated
(quarter-final) | |
|  | Eton Road | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 7) | | |
|  | Robert Allen | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 6) | | | |
|  | Nikitta Angus | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 5) | | | | |
|  | Ashley McKenzie | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 4) | | | | | |
|  | Kerry McGregor | **Safe** | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 3) | | | | | | |
|  | Dionne Mitchell | **Bottom Two** | | **Safe** | **10th** |
|  | 4Sure | **Safe** | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 2) | | | | | | | |
|  | The Unconventionals | **Bottom Two** | Eliminated
(week 1) | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Final Showdown | | Mitchell, The Unconventionals | 4Sure, Allen | McGregor, McKenzie | Allen, McKenzie | Angus, Quinn | Allen, Eton Road | Eton Road, Mills | No final showdown or judges' votes: results were based on public votes alone | | |
| Walsh's vote to eliminate (Groups) | | Mitchell | Allen | McGregor | McKenzie | Quinn | | Allen | Mills |
| Osbourne's vote to eliminate (Over 25s) | | The Unconventionals | 4Sure | McKenzie | McKenzie | Angus | | Eton Road | Eton Road |
| Cowell's vote to eliminate (16-24s) | | The Unconventionals | 4Sure | McGregor | Allen | Angus | | Allen | Eton Road |
| Eliminated | | **The Unconventionals**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | **4Sure**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | **Dionne Mitchell**
Public vote
to save | **Ashley McKenzie**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | **Nikitta Angus**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | **Robert Allen**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | **Eton Road**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | **The MacDonald Brothers**
Public vote
to save | **Ben Mills**
Public vote
to save | **Ray Quinn**
Public vote
to win |
| | | **Kerry McGregor**
2 of 3 votes
Majority | | | | | | | |

### Live show details

#### Week 1 (14 October)

Acts' performances on the first live show
| Act | Order | Song | Motown Artist | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Robert Allen | 1 | "All Night Long (All Night)" | Lionel Richie | Safe |
| Eton Road | 2 | "My Girl" | | The Temptations |
| Nikitta Angus | 3 | "Heaven Must Have Sent You" | | The Elgins |
| Ben Mills | 4 | "The Tracks of My Tears" | | The Miracles |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 5 | "Three Times a Lady" | | Commodores |
| Ray Quinn | 6 | "Ben" | | Michael Jackson |
| Dionne Mitchell | 7 | "I'm Gonna Make You Love Me" | The Supremes | Bottom Two |
| The Unconventionals | 8 | "Dancing in the Street" | Martha and the Vandellas | Eliminated |
| Ashley McKenzie | 9 | "Easy" | Commodores | Safe |
| Kerry McGregor | 10 | "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" | | Stevie Wonder |
| 4Sure | 11 | "What Becomes of the Brokenhearted" | | Jimmy Ruffin |
| Leona Lewis | 12 | "I'll Be There" | | Jackson 5 |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Walsh: Dionne Mitchell – backed his own act, The Unconventionals.
* Osbourne: The Unconventionals – backed her own act, Dionne Mitchell.
* Cowell: The Unconventionals – stated that Mitchell had performed better than The Unconventionals on the night.

#### Week 2 (21 October)

Acts' performances on the second live show
| Act | Order | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Leona Lewis | 1 | "The First Cut Is the Deepest" | Safe |
| Kerry McGregor | 2 | | "I Don't Want to Talk About It" |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 3 | | "Sailing" |
| Ashley McKenzie | 4 | | "I'd Rather Go Blind" |
| Dionne Mitchell | 5 | | "Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)" |
| 4Sure | 6 | "You're in My Heart (The Final Acclaim)" | Eliminated |
| Nikitta Angus | 7 | "Bring It On Home to Me" | Safe |
| Robert Allen | 8 | "Try a Little Tenderness" | Bottom Two |
| Eton Road | 9 | "This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)" | Safe |
| Ray Quinn | 10 | | "What a Wonderful World" |
| Ben Mills | 11 | | "Maggie May" |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Walsh: Robert Allen – backed his own act, 4Sure.
* Osbourne: 4Sure – backed her own act, Robert Allen.
* Cowell: 4Sure – stated that Allen had taken the panel's advice and improved his vocals.

#### Week 3 (28 October)

Cowell appeared on GMTV on the morning of Wednesday 25 October and said that "something big is going to happen this week that none of the contestants know about – a change that will shake some of them up." It was revealed on the show that this surprise was to be a double elimination. The three acts with the fewest public votes were announced as the bottom three and then the act with the fewest votes was automatically eliminated. The remaining two acts then performed in the final showdown and faced the judges' votes.

Acts' performances on the third live show
| Act | Order | Song | Big Band Artist | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ray Quinn | 1 | "Ain't That a Kick in the Head" | Dean Martin | Safe |
| Dionne Mitchell | 2 | "For Once in My Life" | Stevie Wonder | Eliminated (Fewest Public Votes) |
| Nikitta Angus | 3 | "Sway" | Michael Bublé | Safe |
| Ben Mills | 4 | "Smile" | | Charlie Chaplin |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 5 | "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" | | Andy Williams |
| Leona Lewis | 6 | "Summertime" | | Ella Fitzgerald |
| Kerry McGregor | 7 | "They Can't Take That Away from Me" | Fred Astaire | Eliminated (Judges' Votes) |
| Ashley McKenzie | 8 | "Moondance" | Van Morrison | Bottom Three |
| Robert Allen | 9 | "Mr. Bojangles" | Sammy Davis Jr. | Safe |
| Eton Road | 10 | "Mack the Knife" | | Robbie Williams |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Osbourne: Ashley McKenzie – backed her own act, Kerry McGregor.
* Cowell: Kerry McGregor – backed his own act, Ashley McKenzie.
* Walsh: Kerry McGregor – stated that McGregor had reached the limit of her abilities, whereas McKenzie still had potential to improve.

#### Week 4 (4 November)

Acts' performances on the fourth live show
| Act | Order | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nikitta Angus | 1 | "Dancing Queen" | Safe |
| Eton Road | 2 | | "Does Your Mother Know" |
| Robert Allen | 3 | "Take a Chance on Me" | Bottom Two |
| Leona Lewis | 4 | "Chiquitita" | Safe |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 5 | | "Fernando" |
| Ray Quinn | 6 | | "Waterloo" |
| Ben Mills | 7 | | "SOS" |
| Ashley McKenzie | 8 | "The Winner Takes It All" | Eliminated |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Osbourne: Ashley McKenzie – backed her own act, Robert Allen.
* Cowell: Robert Allen – backed his own act, Ashley McKenzie.
* Walsh: Ashley McKenzie – stated that Allen delivered a more polished performance on the night.

#### Week 5 (11 November)

Acts' performances on the fifth live show
| Act | Order | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ben Mills | 1 | "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" | Safe |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 2 | | "She's the One" |
| Ray Quinn | 3 | "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" | Bottom Two |
| Nikitta Angus | 4 | "Last Dance" | Eliminated |
| Eton Road | 5 | "From Me to You" | Safe |
| Leona Lewis | 6 | | "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" |
| Robert Allen | 7 | | "Always and Forever" |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Osbourne: Nikitta Angus – gave no reason.
* Walsh: Ray Quinn – stated that Quinn did not have a strong enough voice to be a recording artist.
* Cowell: Nikitta Angus – gave no reason but stated that neither act deserved to be in the bottom two.

#### Week 6 (18 November)

Acts' performances on the sixth live show
| Act | Order | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ray Quinn | 1 | "Livin' la Vida Loca" | Safe |
| Robert Allen | 2 | "You Are Not Alone" | Eliminated |
| Eton Road | 3 | "I Don't Feel Like Dancin'" | Bottom Two |
| Leona Lewis | 4 | "Bridge over Troubled Water" | Safe |
| Ben Mills | 5 | | "With a Little Help from My Friends" |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 6 | | "Love Is All Around" |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Osbourne: Eton Road – backed her own act, Robert Allen.
* Walsh: Robert Allen – backed his own act, Eton Road.
* Cowell: Robert Allen – stated that Eton Road could progress further in the competition than Allen.

#### Week 7 (25 November)

* Theme: Songs from the movies
* Musical guest: Il Divo ("Desde El Día Que Te Fuiste (Without You)")
* Best bits song: "Never Forget"

Acts' performances on the seventh live show
| Act | Order | First song | Film | Order | Second song | Film | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Leona Lewis | 1 | "Lady Marmalade" | *Moulin Rouge!* | 6 | "I Will Always Love You" | *The Bodyguard* | Safe |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 2 | "When You Say Nothing at All" | *Notting Hill* | 7 | "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" | | *Benny & Joon* |
| Ben Mills | 3 | "Live and Let Die" | *Live and Let Die* | 8 | "Your Song" | *Moulin Rouge!* | Bottom Two |
| Eton Road | 4 | "Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" | *The Blues Brothers* | 9 | "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" | *The Lion King* | Eliminated |
| Ray Quinn | 5 | "The Way You Look Tonight" | *Swing Time* | 10 | "Jailhouse Rock" | *Jailhouse Rock* | Safe |

Judges' votes to eliminate * Walsh: Ben Mills – backed his own act, Eton Road.
* Osbourne: Eton Road – backed her own act, Ben Mills.
* Cowell: Eton Road – stated that Mills was more talented than Eton Road.

#### Week 8: Quarter-Final (2 December)

Acts' performances in the quarter-final
| Act | Order | First song | Order | Second song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The MacDonald Brothers | 1 | "Can't Smile Without You" | 5 | "Shang-a-Lang" | Eliminated |
| Ray Quinn | 2 | "Mandy" | 6 | "My Way" | Safe |
| Ben Mills | 3 | "I Made It Through the Rain" | 7 | | "Somebody to Love" |
| Leona Lewis | 4 | "Could It Be Magic" | 8 | | "Without You" |

The quarter-final did not feature a final showdown and instead the act with the fewest public votes, The MacDonald Brothers, were automatically eliminated.

#### Week 9: Semi-Final (9 December)

Acts' performances in the semi-final
| Act | Order | First song | Order | Second song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ray Quinn | 1 | "Smile" | 4 | "You'll Never Walk Alone" | Safe |
| Leona Lewis | 2 | "I Have Nothing" | 5 | | "Over the Rainbow" |
| Ben Mills | 3 | "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" | 6 | "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" | Eliminated |

The semi-final did not feature a final showdown and instead the act with the fewest public votes, Ben Mills, was automatically eliminated.

#### Week 10: Final (16 December)

Acts' performances in the final
| Act | Order | First song | Order | Second song | Duet Partner | Order | Third song | Order | Fourth song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ray Quinn | 1 | "My Way" | 3 | "That's Life" | Westlife | 5 | "Fly Me to the Moon" | 7 | "A Moment Like This" | Runner-Up |
| Leona Lewis | 2 | "I Will Always Love You" | 4 | "A Million Love Songs" | Take That | 6 | "All by Myself" | 8 | "A Moment Like This" | **Winner** |

## Winner's single

Winner Leona Lewis's debut single was "A Moment Like This", and was released on 20 December 2006.

## Reception

### Ratings

| Episode | Air date | Official ITV1 rating | Weekly rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Auditions 1 | 19 August | 7.45 | 11 |
| Auditions 2 | 26 August | 7.36 | 14 |
| Auditions 3 | 2 September | 9.08 | 5 |
| Auditions 4 | 9 September | 7.96 | 11 |
| Auditions 5 | 16 September | 7.53 | 13 |
| Auditions 6 | 23 September | 9.17 | 7 |
| Bootcamp 1 | 30 September | 6.39 | 22 |
| | Bootcamp 2 | 8.76 | 10 |
| Judges' houses 1 | 7 October | 6.77 | 21 |
| | Judges' houses 2 | 8.95 | 9 |
| Live show 1 | 14 October | 7.52 | 15 |
| | Results 1 | 7.38 | 17 |
| Live show 2 | 21 October | 7.54 | 19 |
| | Results 2 | 7.70 | 18 |
| Live show 3 | 28 October | 7.10 | 21 |
| | Results 3 | 7.52 | 18 |
| Live show 4 | 4 November | 7.30 | 20 |
| | Results 4 | 7.91 | 19 |
| Live show 5 | 11 November | 9.83 | 8 |
| | Results 5 | 8.24 | 17 |
| Live show 6 | 18 November | 9.22 | 10 |
| | Results 6 | 8.80 | 13 |
| Live show 7 | 25 November | 8.46 | 15 |
| | Results 7 | 8.69 | 13 |
| Live show 8 | 2 December | 9.31 | 11 |
| | Results 8 | 8.24 | 17 |
| Live show 9 | 9 December | 8.39 | 13 |
| | Results 9 | 8.25 | 16 |
| Live final | 16 December | 10.52 | 4 |
| | Live final results | 10.78 | 3 |
| Series average | 2006 | 8.27 |  |

## InfoBox

| *The X Factor* | |
| --- | --- |
| Series 3 | |
| Lewis performing in 2009 | |
|  | |
| Hosted by | Kate Thornton (ITV)
Ben Shephard (ITV2) |
| Judges |  |
| Winner | Leona Lewis |
| Winning mentor | Simon Cowell |
| Runner-up | Ray Quinn |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network |  |
| Original release | 19 August (2006-08-19)
16 December 2006 (2006-12-16) |
| Series chronology | |
|


title: Game Players

abstract: Game Players was a monthly video game magazine founded by Robert C. Lock in 1989 and originally published by Signal Research in Greensboro, North Carolina. The original publication began as Game Players Strategy to Nintendo Games. The magazine evolved over the years, spinning off a separate publication called Game Players Sega Genesis Guide when Sega entered the console market. These two magazines were later folded together into one magazine. In 1996, the magazine changed its name to Ultra Game Players and introduced a radically different format. At the end of its run, it turned into Game Buyer, before being cancelled in 1998.

text:
# Game Players

***Game Players*** was a monthly video game magazine founded by Robert C. Lock in 1989 and originally published by Signal Research in Greensboro, North Carolina.

The original publication began as ***Game Players Strategy to Nintendo Games*** (the cover featured a disclaimer that claimed it had no affiliation with Nintendo, which already had its official publication in *Nintendo Power*). The magazine evolved over the years, spinning off a separate publication called ***Game Players Sega Genesis Guide*** when Sega entered the console market. These two magazines were later folded together into one magazine.

In 1996, the magazine changed its name to ***Ultra Game Players*** and introduced a radically different format. At the end of its run, it turned into ***Game Buyer***, before being cancelled in 1998.

## History

Around 1992, Signal Research was shut down by investors that seized the company because of fiscal mismanagement. The publishing house was revived by an investment group as GP Publications, with the intention of being sold. About a year later, GP Publications was purchased by Future Publishing UK (mainly for *Game Players*) as an entry into the North American media publishing field. The newly acquired publication (along with *PC Gamer*, that was also published by GP Publications) was then used as a foundation to start a for a new American publishing company operated under the name of Imagine Media.

*Games Players* is the first video game magazine to feature a computer generated or CG cover. The magazine also featured mini-strategy guides, paper toys, trading cards and other branded items and extras, like posters for games, that were included when the issue was polybagged.

During 1989 and 1990, the company also put out a total of 16 "GameTapes", which were VHS tapes that showed how to beat certain NES games.

Humor is included in almost every videogame review and image caption. Readers' letters come at the beginning of the magazine and are often one of the highlights of the magazine. The magazine often includes a "newsletter" with irreverent jokes about magazine staffers, as well as cartoons. The introduction of *Ultra Game Players* was intended to coincide with the release of the Nintendo 64 and *Super Mario 64*, as originally, the Nintendo 64 went by the name Nintendo Ultra 64.

*Ultra Game Players* features an updated design which places the readers' letters at the end of the magazine. One of the features of *Ultra Game Players* is a "prize store" in which readers answered trivia questions for chances to win prizes. However, many readers complained that the humor that had made *Game Players* such an enjoyable magazine was missing from the *Ultra* version, which prompted a return to form soon after the switch.

*Ultra Game Players* continued until June 1998, at which point it was replaced by *Game Buyer*. *Game Buyer* ran for four more months before being cancelled by Imagine Publishing.

## Former employees

* Associate Publisher & Creative Director Vince Matthews went on to lead Future's Special Projects group (creating *Pocket Gamer*). After leaving Future, Vince became the Director of Marketing for Conspiracy Entertainment and later, went to work for *The Walt Disney Company*.
* Former magazine Editor in Chief Chris Slate helped launch *PSM*, became Editor in Chief at *Nintendo Power*, Editor in Chief of *MacLife*, and is currently now corporate communications manager at *Nintendo*.
* Managing Editor Bill Donohue went on to *PSM*.
* Francesca Reyes became Editor in Chief at *Official Xbox Magazine*, another Future publication.
* Frank O'Connor, who helmed the later issues of *UGP* and *Game Buyer* is now at Microsoft, became director of the *Halo* franchise.
* Roger Burchill became Managing Editor at *PSM*.
* Vince DiMiceli became the editor of *The Brooklyn Paper*.
* Chris Charla also went to Microsoft and now heads the Xbox One's Independent Developers division.
* Mike Salmon became Editor in Chief of *PC Accelerator* magazine and later *Official Xbox Magazine*, and is currently Director of Research and Planning for 2K Games.

## InfoBox

*Game Players*
| Categories | Video game journalism |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Publisher | Signal Research (1989–1992)
GP Publications (1992–1994)
Imagine Media (1994–1998) |
| Founder | Robert C. Lock |
| Founded | May 30, 1989 (1989-05-30) |
| Final issue | June 1998 (1998-06) |
| Country | USA |
| Based in | Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S. (later Burlingame, California, U.S.) |
| Language | English |
| ISSN | 1087-2779 |
| OCLC | 34042091 |


title: Paradox (2017 film)

abstract: Paradox is a 2017 neo-noir Hong Kong action film directed by Wilson Yip, co-produced by Soi Cheang, with action direction by Sammo Hung. Written by Jill Leung and Nick Cheuk, the film stars Louis Koo as a police inspector who travels to Pattaya to search for his teenage daughter and is aided by local detectives played by Tony Jaa and Wu Yue. Along the way, he encounters the mastermind of an organ trafficking gang who colludes with a local political aide, leading to a series of hot pursuit. Paradox is the third installment of the SPL film series, following the 2005 film, SPL: Sha Po Lang and 2015's SPL II: A Time for Consequences. The film was released in China on 17 August 2017 and in Hong Kong on 25 August 2017 and has grossed US$80.84 million worldwide against a budget of US$14.5 million. The film was well received by critics, praised for action director Hung's choreography, which won him the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Action Choreography, and Koo's physical and emotional performance, which netted him both the Asian Film Award for Best Actor and Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor, winning his film first acting awards. Aside from winning the two aforementioned awards, Paradox also won Best Sound Design and received six other nominations at the 37th Hong Kong Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, Best New Performer, Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing.

text:
# Paradox (2017 film)

***Paradox*** (Chinese: 殺破狼・貪狼) is a 2017 neo-noir Hong Kong action film directed by Wilson Yip, co-produced by Soi Cheang, with action direction by Sammo Hung. Written by Jill Leung and Nick Cheuk, the film stars Louis Koo as a police inspector who travels to Pattaya to search for his teenage daughter and is aided by local detectives played by Tony Jaa and Wu Yue. Along the way, he encounters the mastermind of an organ trafficking gang (Chris Collins) who colludes with a local political aide (Gordon Lam), leading to a series of hot pursuit. *Paradox* is the third installment of the *SPL* film series, following the 2005 film, *SPL: Sha Po Lang* and 2015's *SPL II: A Time for Consequences*. The film was released in China on 17 August 2017 and in Hong Kong on 25 August 2017 and has grossed US$80.84 million worldwide against a budget of US$14.5 million.

The film was well received by critics, praised for action director Hung's choreography, which won him the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Action Choreography, and Koo's physical and emotional performance, which netted him both the Asian Film Award for Best Actor and Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor, winning his film first acting awards. Aside from winning the two aforementioned awards, *Paradox* also won Best Sound Design and received six other nominations at the 37th Hong Kong Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, Best New Performer, Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing.

## Plot

When Hong Kong police inspector Lee Chung-chi (Louis Koo) is informed about the sudden disappearance of his 16-year-old daughter Lee Wing-chi (Hanna Chan) during her trip to Pattaya, he decides to travel to Thailand to search for his daughter's whereabouts. There Lee receives assistance from local Chinese detective Chui Kit (Wu Yue) and his Thai colleague Tak (Tony Jaa) and also encounters American gangster Sacha (Chris Collins).

Clues connect the disappearance of Lee's daughter to a case involving the mayoral candidate of Pattaya's urgent need for a heart transplant. Lee also suspects the mayoral candidate's assistant Cheng Hon-sau (Gordon Lam) of colluding with Sacha to abduct his daughter. While suffering from the loss of his beloved daughter, Lee kidnaps corrupt officer Ban (Ken Lo) in order to get to the bottom of the case. As a result, Lee becomes a nationwide wanted criminal. Seeking revenge, Lee can only ask Chui to assist him in finding the whereabouts of his daughter.

In an attempt to gather evidence to locate Lee's daughter, Chui and Tak arrive at an apartment owned by a Taxi driver who has dashcam video of Lee's daughter but Sacha and his gang reach him first. Chui and Tak get into a fight with Sacha and his gang. Chui subdues Sacha's men while Tak pursues and fights Sacha. Although Tak dominates and wins the fight by kicking Sacha off a building rooftop, Tak saves Sacha from falling and attempts to arrest him, but Sacha feigns defeat then throws a bystander child off the building. Tak saves the child, but is kicked off the building by Sacha, resulting in Tak's death. Under interrogation, Ban reveals the location where Lee's daughter is stored. On his way there, Lee's car collides with Cheng's car, which is carrying his daughter. Police pursue Lee after spotting a bloody Ban. Lee leaves Ban behind and barely escapes, while his daughter is brought to Sacha's headquarters by Cheng. Ban is then killed in the hospital. Police commissioner Chai (Vithaya Pansringarm), who is aware of the plot to save the mayoral candidate, tells Chui to drop the case, warning that a cover-up is already happening and that their own lives are already at risk.

With the heart transplant operation complete, Cheng orders Chai to have the police kill Sacha and his henchmen. Before the police enter, Lee rushes into Sacha's headquarters, defeating many of his henchmen, but is injured due to being overwhelmed. Chai mandates that the police operation should continue so that Lee is killed as well. Angered at this, Chui punches Chai, enters to save Lee, and continues the battle against Sacha and his henchmen. Chui managed to kill and injure Sacha's remaining men and engages in a brutal fight with Sacha. At Chai's order, the police SWAT team, storm Sacha's headquarters, killing the remainder of Sacha's henchmen, forcing Lee, Chui and Sacha to hide.

Chui reveals the awful truth to Lee, who goes on to find his daughter's corpse and grieve. Chui manages to almost defeat Sacha, but Sacha uses a fire extinguisher to knock out Chui and attempts to kill him with a bonesaw, but a raging Lee interrupts. Locked in a struggle, Lee savagely bites Sacha's ear and fatally slashes Sacha's throat with the bonesaw. Chai arrives and nearly executes Lee, but stops at Chui's urging at Chai reminding him that they are still cops. Chai then shows Chui that Chui's wife has been kidnapped at the behest of Cheng.

Lee volunteers to save Chui's wife. Chui drops him off at the mayoral candidate's residence, during the birthday celebration of the mayoral candidate's granddaughter. Lee handcuffs Chui to the steering wheel of his vehicle to avoid interference and breaks into the sleeping mayoral candidate's room and listens to his daughter's heart. Cheng appears and tells Lee that he, not the mayoral candidate, is the one behind the crimes. Lee asks if Chui and his wife will be left alone with his own death, Cheng agrees. Lee kills Cheng and spares the mayoral candidate. Having lost his wife and daughter and driven over the edge, Lee turns the gun on himself and Chui hears the sound of a gunshot outside.

Chui's wife is released; she eventually gives birth. Chui is initially elated at the childbirth, but his happiness fades as he remembers Lee's sacrifice for him.

## Cast

* Louis Koo as Lee Chung-chi (李忠志)
* Gordon Lam as Cheng Hon-sau (鄭漢守)
* Wu Yue as Chui Kit (崔傑)
* Chris Collins as Sacha (沙查)
* Tony Jaa as Tak (阿德)
* Michelle Saram as Lee Chung-chi's wife (guest appearance)
* Jacky Cai as Siu-man (小曼)
* Ken Lo as Ban (阿斌)
* Hanna Chan as Lee Wing-chi (李穎芝)
* Vithaya Pansringarm as Commissioner Chai (猜局長)
* Sompob Benjathikul as Mayor Azis (阿齋茲市長)
* Siraphun Wattanajinda as Soei (桑兒)

## Production

Filming for *Paradox* began in Bangkok on 29 October 2016, where a filming commencement ceremony was held which was attended by producers Cheang Pou-soi and Paco Wong, director Wilson Yip, action director Sammo Hung and cast members Louis Koo, Gordon Lam, Tony Jaa, Wu Yue, Chris Collins and Ken Lo. For his role as an assistant for a Bangkok mayoral candidate, Lam learned to speak Thai from Lo, who is fluent in the language. On 26 December 2016, it was announced that filming for the film's action scenes have all been complete. Production for *Paradox* officially wrapped up after over three months of shooting in Hong Kong and Thailand in February 2017 with a wrap-up banquet held on the 4th on the same month attended by the cast and crew members.

## Release

*Paradox* made its world premiere as the Opening Film of the 2017 Cine Fan Summer International Film Festival organised by the Hong Kong International Film Festival Society on 15 August 2017 before being theatrically released in China in MX4D and China Film Giant Screen on 17 August and in Hong Kong on 25 August 2017.

## Reception

### Critical response

*Paradox* received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising Louis Koo's performance and Sammo Hung's action choreography. Edmund Lee of the *South China Morning Post* rated the film a score of 3.5/5 stars, praising Koo's physical and emotional performance, choreographer Sammo Hung's ferocious action scenes. Elizabeth Kerr of *The Hollywood Reporter* praised Hung's creative action choreography, writer Jill Leung's use of time to uncover the protagonist's indiscretions and cinematographer Kenneth Tse's use of colors. James Marsh of *Screen Anarchy* praised Hung's brutal action choreography, Koo's performance as having "gone above and above" and concludes his review by stating that the film "packs one hell of a punch".

### Box office

In China, the film grossed ¥212,476,100 during its opening weekend. debuting at No. 2. By its second weekend, the film has dropped to No. 4 and has accumulated a total gross of ¥440,437,600 by then. On its third week, the film grossed ¥12,810,300 and has grossed a total ¥502,799,402 by then. During its fourth week, the film grossed ¥2,818,498, accumulating a total gross of ¥518,116,101 so far. The film has grossed a total of ¥521,573,000 in China.

Released on 25 August 2017 in Hong Kong, the film grossed HK$3,153,559 during its opening weekend, debuting at No.4. During its second week, the film grossed HK$3,551,677, accumulating a total gross of HK6,705,236 by then. On its third week, the film grossed HK$872,290 and has grossed a total of HK$7,577,526 so far.

*Paradox* has grossed a total of US$80.84 million from Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Thailand.

## Awards and nominations

| Ceremony | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 37th Hong Kong Film Awards | Best Film | *Paradox* | Nominated |
| | Best Director | Wilson Yip | Nominated |
| | Best Actor | Louis Koo | Won |
| | Best Supporting Actor | Gordon Lam | Nominated |
| | Best New Performer | Hanna Chan | Nominated |
| | Best Cinematography | Kenny Tse | Nominated |
| | Best Film Editing | Wong Hoi | Nominated |
| | Best Action Choreography | Sammo Hung | Won |
| | Best Sound Design | Kinson Tsang, George Lee | Won |
| 12th Asian Film Awards | Best Actor | Louis Koo | Won |
| | Best Action Film | *Paradox* | Won |
| 24th Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards | Film of Merit | *Paradox* | Won |
| 12th Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild Award | Best Actor | Louis Koo | Won |
| 54th Golden Horse Awards | Best Action Choreography | Sammo Hung | Nominated |
| Weibo Star Awards 2017 | Best Actor | Louis Koo | Won |
| | | Gordon Lam | Nominated |
| 23rd Huading Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Gordon Lam | Nominated |
| MOVIE 6 Hong Kong Film Awards Public Voting | Best Film | *Paradox* | Won |
| | Best Actor | Louis Koo | Won |
| 1st Kongest Film Awards |
| | Best Film | *Paradox* | Nominated |
| | Best Director | Wilson Yip | Nominated |
| | Best Actor | Louis Koo | Nominated |
| | My Favorite Hong Kong Film | *Paradox* | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

| Paradox | |
| --- | --- |
| Official film poster | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 殺破狼・貪狼 |
| Simplified Chinese | 杀破狼・贪狼 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Shā Pò Láng・Tān Láng  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Saat3 Po3 Long4・Taam1 Long4 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Wilson Yip |
| Screenplay by | Jill Leung
Nick Cheuk |
| Produced by | Soi Cheang
Paco Wong |
| Starring | Louis Koo
Gordon Lam
Wu Yue
Chris Collins
Tony Jaa |
| Cinematography | Kenneth Tse |
| Edited by | Wong Hoi |
| Music by | Comfort Chan
Ken Chan |
| Production
companies | Sun Entertainment Film Group
Bona Film Group
Alibaba Pictures
Sunny Side Up (Never) Limited
Sil-Metropole Organisation
Wish Films
Flagship Entertainment Group
Shanghai PMF Media
YL Entertainment and Sports (YLES)
Rock Partner Film
Huoerguosi Bona Media
Aether Film Production |
| Distributed by | Bravos Pictures |
| Release dates | * 15 August 2017 (2017-08-15) (HKIFF Cine Fan) * 17 August 2017 (2017-08-17) (China) * 25 August 2017 (2017-08-25) (Hong Kong) |
| Running time | 98 minutes |
| Countries | Hong Kong
China
Thailand |
| Languages | Cantonese
English
Thai |
| Budget | US$14.5 million |
| Box office | US$80.84 million |