title: Folie Tristan d'Oxford

abstract: The Folie Tristan d’Oxford, also known as the Oxford Folie Tristan, The Madness of Tristan, or Tristan’s Madness, is a poem in 998 octosyllabic lines written in Anglo-Norman, the form of the Norman language spoken in England. It retells an episode from the Tristan legend in which Tristan disguises himself as a madman to win his way back to Ysolt. The poem can be dated to the period 1175–1200, but the name of the author is unknown. It is not to be confused with the Folie Tristan de Berne, a different medieval poem on the same subject, each work taking its name from the city in which the manuscript is now kept. The scholar Frederick Whitehead wrote that it "handle[s] with humour, vivacity, and poignant feeling the dramatic possibilities of the theme". The critic Joseph Bédier considered it a more beautiful poem than the Folie Tristan de Berne, and, comparing it with its major source, the Tristan of Thomas, judged that though it has neither the grace nor the preciousness of that romance, it equals it in sincerity and intensity of emotion and surpasses it in energy and eloquence.

text:
# Folie Tristan d'Oxford

The ***Folie Tristan d’Oxford***, also known as the **Oxford *Folie Tristan***, ***The Madness of Tristan***, or ***Tristan’s Madness***, is a poem in 998 octosyllabic lines written in Anglo-Norman, the form of the Norman language spoken in England. It retells an episode from the Tristan legend in which Tristan disguises himself as a madman to win his way back to Ysolt. The poem can be dated to the period 1175–1200, but the name of the author is unknown. It is not to be confused with the *Folie Tristan de Berne*, a different medieval poem on the same subject, each work taking its name from the city in which the manuscript is now kept.

The scholar Frederick Whitehead wrote that it "handle\[s\] with humour, vivacity, and poignant feeling the dramatic possibilities of the theme". The critic Joseph Bédier considered it a more beautiful poem than the *Folie Tristan de Berne*, and, comparing it with its major source, the *Tristan* of Thomas, judged that though it has neither the grace nor the preciousness of that romance, it equals it in sincerity and intensity of emotion and surpasses it in energy and eloquence.

## Synopsis

Distraught at having lost the love of Ysolt, Tristan travels incognito to England to find her. The ship on which he has taken passage lands at the enchanted castle of Tintagel, where King Mark and his queen Ysolt hold court. Knowing that Mark will kill him if he recognizes him, Tristan disguises himself as a crazed simpleton and, fighting off the bystanders who try to bait him, gains admittance to King Mark's hall. There he announces that his name is Trantris, that he loves Ysolt, and that he wants to offer Mark his sister in exchange for the queen. The king laughs at the wild words of this supposed lunatic. Next Tristan turns to Ysolt and reminds her of various episodes in their past life, in which, though he won her hand on Mark's behalf, he himself and Ysolt fell in love. Ysolt angrily denies all knowledge of him. Tristan then boasts, to Mark's amusement, that he is a fine huntsman, hawker, and musician. Ysolt retires to her room and complains of the madman to her servant Brenguain, who, suspecting the truth, seeks him out. Tristan persuades Brenguain of his true identity, and she takes him back to see Ysolt. Again Tristan reminisces at length and in detail about the life Ysolt and he formerly led together as illicit lovers, Mark's discovery of their love and banishment of them, and his recall of them when he was persuaded of their innocence. Ysolt's incredulity is slowly worn away as she hears this, and still more when her hound Husdent is brought in and joyfully recognizes him. Finally Tristan produces the ring she once gave him, and she, accepting that this is indeed her lover, falls into his arms.

## Manuscript and discovery

The poem survives in only one manuscript, known as Bodleian Library MS. Douce d.6. This dates from the second half of the 13th century, and contains not only the *Folie* but also a large fragment of the romance of *Tristan* by Thomas. The Anglo-Norman scribe was distinctly careless, and his poor sense of rhythm led him not to notice that his frequent accidental addition or omission of words rendered lines unmetrical. The provenance of the manuscript can only be traced back to the 18th–19th century bibliophile Francis Douce, and the first known mention of it is in a letter dated 7 December 1801 from Walter Scott to the antiquary George Ellis, in which he thanked him for sending a précis of the manuscript's two poems. Scott printed this précis in his edition of the Middle English romance *Sir Tristrem* (1804). Scott and Ellis each separately published his opinion that *Sir Tristrem* was the source of both the *Folie Tristan d’Oxford* and Thomas’ *Tristan*, though Douce believed, correctly, that the French poems were older. The poem was finally edited and published by Francisque Michel in his *The Poetical Romances of Tristan in French, in Anglo-Norman and in Greek Composed in the XII and XIII Centuries* (1838). The manuscript now rests in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

## Sources

The poem is most closely related to the Berne *Folie Tristan*, a shorter and less well-organized treatment of the same subject, and to the *Tristan* of Thomas, but the nature of those relationships has been disputed. Ernest Hœpffner, in his edition of the *Folie Tristan de Berne*, claimed that it was the source of the Oxford version; but other critics have concluded that both derive from some lost third poem. The Oxford *Folie* resembles Thomas' romance closely, especially in the ordering of the various episodes and in many of the linguistic characteristics of the two poems. This led Hœpffner to suggest that Thomas might have been the author of the *Folie Tristan d’Oxford*, but a more likely explanation is that the *Tristan* was the main source of the *Folie*.

Several minor sources have also been detected. There are enough verbal similarities, for example in the description of Tintagel, to show that the author had read the *Roman de Brut* by Wace. Similarities with Marie de France's "Chevrefoil", and his use of the expression *lais bretuns* (line 362), indicate that the poet knew Marie's *lais*. There is also evidence of his having known the romances of *Troie*, *Enéas* and *Thèbes*.

## Themes

The author shows relatively little inclination to make a wonder-tale of his story, but, unlike most other British poets of his time, a strong interest in romantic love, a theme which he links with that of death. The poet explores the idea of love as a form of madness: Tristan's assumption of the role of imbecile as a disguise is only partly deliberate, yet he also exemplifies the belief that fools may be wiser than sane men, and may give voice to truths that would otherwise go unsaid. The author differs from other early Tristan-poets in pointing up the courtliness of his hero, yet at the same time emphasises his cruelty towards Ysolt.

## Translations

* Rosenberg, Samuel N. In Lacy, Norris J., ed. (1998). *Early French Tristan Poems. Volume 1*. Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer. pp. 259–302. ISBN 0859915352. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
* Stephenson, Patricia. "La Folie Tristan d'Oxford and Chevrefoil" (PDF). *Patricia Stephenson: New Light on the Bayeux Tapestry and Other Works*. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
* Weiss, Judith, ed. (1992). *The Birth of Romance*. London: J. M. Dent. ISBN 0460870483.
    + Rev. repr. in her *The Birth of Romance in England*. Tempe, Ariz.: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. 2009. ISBN 978-0866983921.

## Footnotes


title: Mercantile Mutual

abstract: The Mercantile Mutual Insurance Company was an Australian insurance and financial services company. It was established in 1878, and lasted until 2001, when it became part of ING Australia. The insurance portion of the business was later sold to ANZ and branded as OnePath in 2010. Mercantile Mutual sponsored the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament from 1992 to 2001, when it was called the "Mercantile Mutual Cup".

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# Mercantile Mutual

The **Mercantile Mutual Insurance Company**  was an Australian insurance and financial services company. It was established in 1878, and lasted until 2001, when it became part of ING Australia. The insurance portion of the business was later sold to ANZ and branded as OnePath in 2010.

Mercantile Mutual sponsored the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament from 1992 to 2001, when it was called the "Mercantile Mutual Cup".

## Further reading

* *Servant of a Century: The First 100 Years of the Mercantile Mutual Insurance* (1978)


title: Tales of Xillia 2

abstract: Tales of Xillia 2 is an action role-playing game for the PlayStation 3 released on November 1, 2012, in Japan. It is the fourteenth core product in the Tales series and was developed and published by Bandai Namco Games. The game was localized for North America and Europe in August 2014. The game takes place after Tales of Xillia and follows Ludger Will Kresnik; the Kresnik family has the ability to infiltrate and destroy parallel dimensions. Since the spirit Origin is unable to support the abundance of souls, a famous company hires Ludger to destroy these dimensions to keep the world in balance. The game's central theme is Sentaku ga Mirai wo Tsumugu RPG.

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# Tales of Xillia 2

***Tales of Xillia 2*** (Japanese: テイルズ オブ エクシリア2, Hepburn: *Teiruzu obu Ekushiria 2*) is an action role-playing game for the PlayStation 3 released on November 1, 2012, in Japan. It is the fourteenth core product in the *Tales* series and was developed and published by Bandai Namco Games. The game was localized for North America and Europe in August 2014.

The game takes place after *Tales of Xillia* and follows Ludger Will Kresnik; the Kresnik family has the ability to infiltrate and destroy parallel dimensions. Since the spirit Origin is unable to support the abundance of souls, a famous company hires Ludger to destroy these dimensions to keep the world in balance. The game's central theme is *Sentaku ga Mirai wo Tsumugu RPG* (選択が未来を紡ぐRPG, lit. "An RPG where your choices spin the future").

## Gameplay

*Tales of Xillia 2* consists primarily of two major areas: the field map and the battle screen. The field map is a realistically scaled 3D environment where the player character traverses and interacts with non-player characters, items, or mob avatars. On the field map, character interactions between the party can also be viewed in the form of a sketch story; these sketch stories are referred to as skits and consist of animated portraits and voice acting. When coming into contact with a mob avatar, the environment switches to the battle screen, a 3D representation of an area in which the player commands the characters in battles against the CPU-controlled mobs.

During battle sequences, the game uses the *Cross Dual Raid Linear Motion Battle System*, a similar system to the prequel. Four characters from the party are chosen to battle and characters not controlled by a player are controlled by artificial intelligence with instructions set by the players beforehand. The enemy mob's number, appearances and behavior vary and are dependent on the mob's avatar. Both sides' objective is to deplete the other side's health points (HP) using attacks and skills. When a party member's health falls to zero, the party member faints until revived with items, by a healer, or resting at an inn on the field map; Mobs with zero HP disappear from the arena. Killing all the mobs will yield experience points, items, and allows the player to return to the field map. If all four participating party members are defeated, a game over will occur.

Battles take place in real-time. Player actions include moving, dashing, standard attacks, and artes; artes are special attacks which consume "Technical Points" (TP), the in-game synonym for magic points. Dashing, standard attacks, and artes usage are also restricted by the "Assault Counter" (AC), a synonym for action points. Party members are able to link to each other to perform unified attacks called linked artes. While linked, the supporting partner provides unique abilities to the character, while also increasing the Linked Artes Gauge. When the Linked Artes Gauge is full, the player character can enter Over Limit which gives them immunity to stagger, unlimited AC, and allows them to use linked artes in succession.

## Plot

The game takes place a year after *Tales of Xillia*. Under orders from her father to find the mystical Land of Canaan, Elle Mel Marta boards a train which is hijacked before its departure. Ludger Will Kresnik follows her onboard and works with Jude Mathis to retake the train. The train crashes and the resulting medical treatment from Spirius Corporation puts Ludger in debt. Aware of the Kresnik family's ability to destroy parallel dimensions, Spirius CEO, Bisley Karscy Bakur, hires Ludger for this purpose since the spirit Origin can no longer sustain the abundance of souls in the worlds. At the same time, Ludger searches for his brother, Julius Will Kresnik, who has been declared the train hijacking's instigator.

As Ludger works for Spirius, he is joined by the protagonists from *Tales of Xillia* in addition to Gaius and Muzét. It is slowly revealed that the world's current predicament is a millennia aged trial arranged by the spirits Origin, Maxwell, and Chronos, as a test on whether humanity was worth preserving. The first person to reach the Land of Canaan will have a wish granted by Origin. As part of the trial, Chronos gave the Kresnik their powers called Chromatus; overusing the Chromatus turns the user into a divergence catalyst which is the core of a parallel dimension. If the number of dimensions reach a million, Origin will release a miasma which will kill everything but spirits. In addition, a special Kresnik is born every generation with the power to take items from parallel dimensions and is dubbed the Key of Kresnik. To reach Canaan, a Key of Kresnik must obtain five objects, called Waymarkers, from parallel dimension. Having used Elle's Key of Kresnik powers, Ludger is able to gather four Waymarkers. In search of the final Waymarker, the party learns that Elle originates from a parallel dimension and her father, Victor, is a Waymarker and that dimension's Ludger. Victor tries to kill Ludger to replace him in the prime dimension but is killed instead.

With all five Waymarkers gathered, the entrance to Canaan is revealed. Bisley takes Elle with him to Canaan, intending to use Origin's wish to enslave spirits. With Julius' sacrifice, the party follows and defeats Bisley. The party uses Origin's wish to destroy all parallel dimensions and Ludger is given a choice resulting in two endings: If Ludger does nothing, Elle's transformation into a divergence catalyst causes her to disappear with the other dimensions. Years later, Ludger is the CEO of Spirius and meets Lara Mel Marta during a business deal. If Ludger offers his life to save Elle's, Ludger disappears with the other dimensions. Years later, an adult Elle highlights the party's accomplishments.

## Development and release

On May 9, 2012, Weekly Shōnen Jump announced a *Tales* game will be revealed on June 2, 2012. On May 14, 2012, Bandai Namco Games opened a website counting down to the reveal. Hideo Baba described the game as more modernized than past games and the phrase "Are you prepared to destroy the world for the girl?" as a tie to the game's plot. On the reveal date, *Tales of Xillia 2* was revealed along with its new characters and battle system. The game will also have a bundle with a specially designed DualShock 3. The day after, the official site revealed the game's central theme is revealed to be *Sentaku ga Mirai wo Tsumugu RPG* (選択が未来を紡ぐRPG, lit. "An RPG where your choices spin the future"). On June 27, 2012, Baba announced the game's release date for November 1, 2012 during a live broadcast. On July 18, 2012, Baba stated there were no Western localization plans at the time but expressed interest in localizing the game to complement with the prequel's English localization. Between August 1 and 7, Bandai Namco Games hosted a survey on Famitsu to determine which version of the game's demo will be playable at an event. On September 23, 2012, the games theme song is revealed to be "Song 4 U" by Ayumi Hamasaki, with the Japanese vocals being retained in the Western release. On July 6, 2013, a localization for North America and Europe was announced. The localization was announced to be released on August 19 and 22 in North America and Europe, respectively.

### Conception

The concept for *Tales of Xillia 2* originated during the development of the original *Xillia*, but did not enter active development, instead undergoing extensive conceptual work in preparation for production should it be called for. Active development began in 2011, after *Xillia* was completed. The game was the first mainline *Tales* title to be developed by Bandai Namco Studio, a studio founded as an in-house development environment after Namco Tales Studio was absorbed into its parent company in 2011.

Baba conceived the game's plot while thinking about *Tales of Xillia*'s plot and imagined what the history and aftermath of *Xillia* was like. Because a large proportion of the world and lore of *Xillia* had only been referred to in speech or text, the decision was made to create a sequel, with a central theme inspired by the choices that must be made by people in both casual and dire situations. A choice mechanic was implemented to help players form a deeper connection with Ludger. Several concepts for alternate timelines went unused, and the original plot differed substantially from that in the final product. The script was handled by multiple writers: Naoki Yamamoto, who had handled *Xillia*'s side events, wrote the main scenario. Daisuke Kiga, *Xillia*'s main scenario writer, handled the character scenarios. Other writers also contributed to add to the variety of the script. A silent protagonist was chosen so the main character would feel like a full extension of the player. Ludger's transforming abilities and debt needed to be created through cooperation between the writers and designers.

### Downloadable content

*Tales of Xillia*'s downloadable content is usable in *Tales of Xillia 2*. Aside from the prequel's content, *Tales of Xillia 2* offers new costumes for the playable characters. A preorder bonus for the game is a costume of Emil Castagnier for Ludger. The first print of the game contains a Yuri Lowell costume for Jude and an Asbel Lhant costume for Milla. On the game's release date, a *Code Geass* costume set was made available. On November 8, a hairstyle and a sports theme set were made available. On November 15 there were four sets of DLC released: a *Puella Magi Madoka Magica* costume set for Milla, Elize, and Leia; A school themed set and a swimsuit set were released for Ludger, Gaius, and Muzét; and a set of doll attachments were released. On November 22, a *Tales* set for Ludger, Gaius, and Muzét were released to make them resemble other characters from the *Tales* series. On the same day, a hat set and an additional set of doll attachments were released.

## Media adaptations

### Manga

*Tales of Xillia 2* spawned four manga adaptions: two anthology series and two traditional manga series. The first anthology series is *Tales of Xillia Yonkoma Kings* by Ichijinsha with two volumes released in February 2013 and January 2014. The second is *Tales of Xillia 2 Comic Anthology* by DNA Media Comics which released a volume in March 2013.

The *Tales of Xillia 2* manga series is an adaption of the game's storyline. Its prelude was published in the December 2012 issue of *Viva Tales of Magazine*. It began serialization in Dengeki Maoh beginning January 2013. The series *Tales of Xillia 2: Bipolar Crossroads* is published by ASCII Media Works. It takes place between the first and second *Xillia* games and follows Jude and Alvin.

### Books

*Tales of Xillia 2* had three different strategy guides published; one each from Yamashita Books, Shueisha, and Enterbrain. The book *Tales of Xillia 2 Official World Guidance* was released by Yamashita Books and details the in-universe information of the game. It was released on March 2, 2013. *Tales of Xillia 2 Official Scenario Book* was published by Bandai Namco Games and Yamashita Books. It details the in-game plot and acts as a guide.

### Audio CDs

A drama CD called *Anthology Drama CD: Tales of Xillia 2 2013 Winter* by Frontier Works was released in January 2014. *Tales of Xillia 2 Original Soundtrack* was released by Avex Group on November 2, 2012 in a regular and limited edition. It peaked 87th on Oricon's charts.

## Reception

*Tales of Xillia 2* was received with generally positive reviews, albeit usually lower than its predecessor. It sold half a million copies in Japan and failed to meet Namco Bandai Game's target sales. Famitsu's review of the game was positive and commented on how the game will meet expectations of fans of the series. Hardcore Gamer gave the game a 4/5, calling it a "well-designed RPG bursting with content." It was also well received in western releases.

## Notes and references

Notes 1. テイルズ オブ エクシリア 4コマ Kings, *Teiruzu obu Ekushiria Yonkoma Kings*
2. テイルズ オブ エクシリア2 コミックアンソロジー, *Teiruzu obu Ekushiria 2 Komikku Ansorojī*
3. テイルズ オブ エクシリア2 双極のクロスロード, *Teiruzu obu ekushiria 2 Sōkyoku no Kurosurōdo*
4. テイルズ オブ エクシリア2 公式設定資料集, *Teiruzu obu Ekushiria 2 Kōshiki Settei Shiryōshū*
5. テイルズ オブ エクシリア2 公式シナリオブック, *Teiruzu obu Ekushiria 2 Kōshiki Shinario Bukku*
6. アンソロジードラマCD テイルズ オブ エクシリア2 2013 Winter, *Ansorojī Dorama CD Teiruzu obu Ekushiria 2 2013 Winter*
7. テイルズ オブ エクシリア2 オリジナル･サウンドトラック, *Teiruzu obu Ekushiria 2 Orijinaru Saundotorakku*
References

## InfoBox

| Tales of Xillia 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| North American cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Bandai Namco Studios |
| Publisher(s) | Bandai Namco Games |
| Director(s) | Kenji Anabuki
Asana Inoki |
| Producer(s) | Hideo Baba |
| Artist(s) | Kosuke Fujishima (character)
Mutsumi Inomata (character)
Daigo Okumura (character) |
| Writer(s) | Naoki Yamamoto
Daisuke Kiga |
| Composer(s) | Motoi Sakuraba |
| Series | *Tales* |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 3 |
| Release | * JP: November 1, 2012 * NA: August 19, 2014 * EU: August 22, 2014 |
| Genre(s) | Action role-playing game |
| Mode(s) | Single player, co-op multiplayer |


title: Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship

abstract: "Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship" is the second episode of the HBO superhero drama miniseries Watchmen, based on the 1986 DC Comics series of the same name by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. The episode was written by Damon Lindelof and Nick Cuse and directed by Nicole Kassell, and aired on October 27, 2019.

text:
# Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship

"**Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship**" is the second episode of the HBO superhero drama miniseries *Watchmen*, based on the 1986 DC Comics series of the same name by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. The episode was written by Damon Lindelof and Nick Cuse and directed by Nicole Kassell, and aired on October 27, 2019.

## Synopsis

In World War I, O.B. Williams is a soldier in one of America's all-black units. As they march, a German plane flies overhead and drops propaganda leaflets, trying to convince the black troops to join the German forces in light of the racial injustice in the United States. O.B. pockets one.

In the present, Angela mourns over Judd's death, where it is shown they had become close friends after the events of "White Night" on Christmas Eve 2016, where 40 Tulsa officers and their families were targeted by the Seventh Kavalry. Of those that survived, only Angela and Judd remained with the force, requiring the state to pass a law requiring law enforcement to protect their identities to recruit new members.

Angela takes the old man in the wheelchair to her bakery to interrogate him. He identifies himself as Will and claims to be Angela's grandfather, but she remains dubious. She secretly collects some of his DNA to process at a local heritage center, which confirm Will's claim. She returns to Will, who claims that Judd has "skeletons in his closet" to be found.

Angela attends Judd's wake at his home. She feigns illness to quietly slip into his bedroom and discovers a secret room in the back of his closet, which inside includes a Ku Klux Klan outfit with a sheriff's badge. Returning to Will after the wake, Angela demands to know how he knew of Judd's closet, but Will remains quiet. She prepares to take Will to the police station to be arrested, but after loading Will into her car, a giant electromagnet clamps onto the car's roof and takes it away. A slip of paper falls to Angela's feet: the piece of German propaganda on which O.B. had written "Watch over this boy" before sending a young Will away from the 1921 Tulsa race massacre.

In the country manor, the Blonde Man watches his play *The Watchmaker's Son* being performed by Mr. Phillips and Ms. Crookshanks and other masked crew. The scene reenacts Jonathan Osterman's transformation into Doctor Manhattan. However, while Phillips is in the mock test chamber, the Blonde Man activates an incinerator within it, burning Phillips alive. The scene continues, revealing that the other actors and crew are clones of Phillips and Crookshanks. The Blonde Man instructs a Phillips clone to take the burned body to the cellar.

## Production

Nicole Kassell directed this episode. She had also directed the show's pilot, which had been filmed and produced as a pickup evaluation for HBO prior to the season being given the greenlight. Because this episode and rest of the season used a different crew from the pilot, Kassell felt it was important that she direct it as well to help provide the necessary continuity of production between the two episodes.

The episode's title is a play on the title of *Comanche Feats of Horsemanship*, a painting by George Catlin, which is shown hanging in Judd's mansion during the episode. Like many of Catlin's works, the painting is seen in the 21st century as intrusive of the native American culture and to be carrying a colonialist tone with it. This has led some to consider the painting's inclusion to be a hint towards the revelation of the KKK outfit in Judd's closet.

The episode includes a full-frontal nude shot of one of the Phillips clones playing Doctor Manhattan, who was frequently shown nude in the limited series comic as well as with the film adaption. A body double was used for this shot instead of actor Tom Mison who plays Phillips. Showrunner Damon Lindelof said that he had expected to show a fully nude Doctor Manhattan at some point during the series. He said that the showing of Doctor Manhattan's blue penis was an iconic part of the limited series and film, and said that when his friends and associates heard he got the showrunner role, they had all asked him "Are we going to see a blue penis?" However, Lindelof considered to himself "Was there a way to do this with some degree of absurdity and comedy, while at the same time acknowledging the source material?", and came onto the idea of using the fictional play, *The Watchmaker's Son*, as an appropriate vehicle for this shot. The play itself was designed to be like a high-school play similar to the one in *Rushmore*, but using directing elements similar to a Wes Anderson film. According to Mison, he and Sara Vickers who plays Ms. Crookshanks purposely acted poorly for their on-stage roles in the play to keep up the element of poor quality.

## Reception

### Critical

At Rotten Tomatoes, the aggregate score for the episode is 7.4/10 from 34 reviews with a 95% rating. Its summary of the critical consensus is "Damon Lindelof and his team refuse to hold back as they continue to subvert expectations in the absolutely confounding, but positively riveting "Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship."

### Ratings

An estimated 765,000 viewers watched "Martial Feats of Comanche Horesmanship" on its first broadcast night.

## InfoBox

| "**Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Watchmen* episode | |
| Episode no. | Episode 2 |
| Directed by | Nicole Kassell |
| Written by | Damon Lindelof<br>Nick Cuse |
| Cinematography by | Gregory Middleton |
| Editing by | Henk Van Eeghen |
| Production code | 102 |
| Original air date | October 27, 2019 (2019-10-27) |
| Running time | 53 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Hog Island (Tasmania)

abstract: Hog Island is a small island and nature reserve, with an area of 0.35 hectares, part of the Sloping Island Group, lying in the Frederick Henry Bay, close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated around the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas. Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are Pacific gull, kelp gull, sooty oystercatcher and Caspian tern.

text:
# Hog Island (Tasmania)

**Hog Island** is a small island and nature reserve, with an area of 0.35 hectares (0.86 acres), part of the Sloping Island Group, lying in the Frederick Henry Bay, close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated around the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas.

Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are Pacific gull, kelp gull, sooty oystercatcher and Caspian tern.

## InfoBox

Hog Island
| Hog Island (left) and the nearby larger Sloping Island (right) | |
| --- | --- |
| Hog IslandLocation in Tasmania | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Frederick Henry Bay |
| Coordinates | 42°56′24″S 147°39′00″E / 42.94000°S 147.65000°E / -42.94000; 147.65000 |
| Archipelago | Sloping Island Group |
| Administration | |
| **Australia** | |
| State | Tasmania |


title: Watersheddles Reservoir

abstract: Watersheddles Reservoir is an upland artificial lake in Lancashire, England. The reservoir was opened in 1877 by the Keighley Corporation Water Works, and is now owned by Yorkshire Water. It supplies water to the Worth Valley and Keighley area and compounds several streams at the source of the River Worth. Although the reservoir is just across the boundary of Lancashire, all of the water is used in the West Yorkshire region. Due to the peatland in the immediate catchment area, the reservoir is prone to a high acidity and discolouration in its water.

text:
# Watersheddles Reservoir

**Watersheddles Reservoir** is an upland artificial lake in Lancashire, England. The reservoir was opened in 1877 by the Keighley Corporation Water Works, and is now owned by Yorkshire Water. It supplies water to the Worth Valley and Keighley area and compounds several streams at the source of the River Worth.

Although the reservoir is just across the boundary of Lancashire, all of the water is used in the West Yorkshire region.

Due to the peatland in the immediate catchment area, the reservoir is prone to a high acidity and discolouration in its water.

## History

The building of the three reservoirs in the Upper Worth Valley (Watersheddles, Ponden and Lower Laithe), was so that the Keighley area could have a supply of fresh drinking water, and also in response to several droughts in the 1860s. These droughts forced residents in the Upper Worth Valley to raid mill-ponds for drinking water.

In response to the flooding, and as part of their endeavour to improve the water supply in Keighley and its environs, the Keighley Waterworks Extension and Improvement Act 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. cxxix) was passed to allow them to build:

> "...an aqueduct, conduit, or watercourse commencing in the hamlet or liberty of Oakworth, in the township and parish of Keighley, in the said West Riding, at a point situate upon the stream called White Reaps Clough, distant 132 yards, or thereabouts, from the junction of the said stream with another stream called Dean Clough, and terminating in the northern side of the intended Water Sheddles Reservoir (proposed to be constructed by the Local Board under the powers of "The Keighley Waterworks Extension and Improvement Act, 1869 ") at a point 35 yards to the south of another point 320 yards distant (measured along the highway next hereinafter mentioned) from the Standing Stone on the boundary between the counties of York and Lancaster, such stone being placed on the highway leading from Keighley to Colne, such termination being in the hamlet of Wycoller...."

So although the reservoir would dam the River Worth, it would be located 100 yards (91 m) over the county boundary in Lancashire, a situation that still exists today, with the reservoir in the Borough of Pendle, but with a Bradford (BD) postcode. The reservoir needed to be quite elevated in comparison to the town of Keighley, so that the water pressure would be sufficient to pump water to the uppermost areas of the town and adjoining localities.

The name, which is recorded both as Watersheddles and Water Sheddles, is thought to have derived from Middle English meaning "the parting of the waters". The name is borrowed from a nearby boundary stone on the road between Stanbury and Laneshaw Bridge.

Although the contract for the building of the reservoir was awarded to Walker and Taylor of Crewe in June 1870, the reservoir was not started until August 1871, with full use and final flooding in 1877. A deal was agreed with the mill owners along the River Worth that guaranteed a ready-supply of water; every morning and every evening, the sluices were opened to allow a regulated flow of water down the valley to enable the mills to restock their ponds. Keighley Corporation Water Works operated the reservoir until 1959, when it was folded into the newly created Craven Water Board (CWB). The CWB, itself, was subsumed into Yorkshire Water in 1974. Whilst Yorkshire Water own the reservoir, unlike other reservoirs nearby that are in West Yorkshire, they do not own the surrounding land which drains into Watersheddles.

Due to its location and the surrounding topography, the overflow channel is very steep (1 in 2.5) and the length of spillway is 330 feet (100 m) long, with the width being 11 feet (3.5 m). The dam height is 72 feet (22 m) and the dam wall stretches for 132 yards (121 m).

The maximum capacity of the reservoir is 191,000,000 imperial gallons; 229,000,000 US gallons (867,000,000 L), (28,300,000 cubic feet (801,000 m3)), and, along with Keighley Moor Reservoir, supplies 5% of its maximum volume on a daily basis for drinking water. The reservoir is located some 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Stanbury and at an elevation of 1,099 feet (335 m). It has a maximum depth of 49 feet (15 m), an average depth of 18 feet (5.5 m) and has a catchment area of 560 acres (225 ha). The short-distance path the Brontë Way, runs alongside the northern edge of the reservoir.

## Hydrometry

Water from the reservoir is sent to a water treatment works (WTW) at Oldfield on the north side of the Worth Valley. Oldfield WTW also receives water from Keighley Moor Reservoir, and between the two, they supply over 1,800,000 imperial gallons; 2,100,000 US gallons (8,000,000 L) per day. Oldfield was opened in 1891 in an effort to treat the water from the reservoirs as the acidic water was eating into the pipes and poisoning the water with lead. A report from 1897 relays how the water is cleared through limestone, coke, sand and "polarite", but suffered from discolouration arising from peat sediment settling on the bottom of the reservoir. In 1973, just before Yorkshire Water assumed control of Watersheddles and Oldfield WTW, the pH of water arriving at Oldfield was registered as being between 6.9 and 7.0.

The waters entering the reservoir drain a peat moorland with millstone grit underlying. The water was recorded with a pH value of 4.1 in 1988 and has been noted for its 'colour', which takes a more intensive process to remedy at the WTW. The problems of the pH value at Watersheddles (and to an extent, Keighley Moor Reservoir) were so bad, that Yorkshire Water designed and built their own prototype triple-pH controller in 1988 to regulate the waters acidity.

In the late 1890s and early 1900s, a rain gauge was sited at Watersheddles, the results of which are given below;

| Year | Rainfall | Ref | Year | Rainfall | Ref | Year | Rainfall | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1897 | 49.83 inches (1,266 mm) |  | 1904 | 46.36 inches (1,178 mm) |  | 1908 | 50.6 inches (1,290 mm) |  |
| 1898 | 44.53 inches (1,131 mm) |  | 1906 | 54.33 inches (1,380 mm) |  | 1911 | 36.49 inches (927 mm) |  |
| 1900 | 51.73 inches (1,314 mm) |  | 1907 | 55.57 inches (1,411 mm) |  | 1913 | 45.35 inches (1,152 mm) |  |

The water at the reservoir between 2013 and 2016 was assessed as *moderate* for ecological quality and *good* for chemical quality.

1. "Water Sheddles Reservoir Water Body ID 30471". *eip.ceh.ac.uk*. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
2. Hewitt 2004, p. 112–113.
3. "No. 23,800". *The London Gazette*. 28 November 1871. p. 5262.
4. Hewitt 2004, p. 112.
5. "Watersheddles Reservoir, Pendle (BD22 0JL) in the British Outdoors". *get outside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk*. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
6. Wood, Steven (2014). *Haworth, Oxenhope & Stanbury : from old maps*. Stroud: Amberley. 67. ISBN 9781445621548.
7. "Water Sheddles Cross :: Survey of English Place-Names". *epns.nottingham.ac.uk*. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
8. Historic England. "Hanging Stone (Grade II) (1313972)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
9. "OL21" (Map). *South Pennines*. 1:25,000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey. 2015. ISBN 9780319242605.
10. Historic England. "Hanging Stone (46131)". *Research records (formerly PastScape)*.
11. "Townships: Trawden | British History Online". *www.british-history.ac.uk*. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
12. "Keighley Local Board". *Bradford Observer*. No. 2, 332. Column A. 15 June 1870. p. 3.
13. Tickle, A (1991). "2: Ecosystem Effects - Acid Waters in the United Kingdom; Evidence, Effects and Trends". In Longhurst, James W S (ed.). *Acid Deposition : Origins, Impacts and Abatement Strategies*. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin. p. 166. ISBN 978-3-642-76475-2.
14. "The Keighley Waterworks". *Bradford Observer*. No. 3, 874. Column E. 29 May 1875. p. 8.
15. Hewitt 2004, p. 113.
16. London and Provincial Water Supplies: With the Latest Statistics at the Internet Archive
17. "Looking Back Friday, August 29, 2008". *infoweb.newsbank.com*. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
18. "Craven's long, hot summer when the rain never came". *Craven Herald*. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
19. "Craven through the years". *infoweb.newsbank.com*. 13 June 1998. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
20. Harlow, Clarke, Phillips, Scott 2012, p. 39.
21. Speirs, Kate. "Watersheddles Reservoir Spillway Improvements" (PDF). *ukwaterprojectsonline.com*. p. 3. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
22. Shand, Alistair (27 July 2014). "Work starts on £1.2m improvement scheme at reservoir near Stanbury". *Keighley News*. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
23. Shotbolt, Laura; Thomas, Andrew; Hutchinson, Simon (2001). "Reconstructing the History of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Southern Pennines from the Historical Record". *North West Geography*. **1** (1). Manchester: Manchester Geographical Society: 42. ISSN 1476-1580.
24. Hewitt 2004, p. 115.
25. Battarbee, R W (1988). *Lake acidification in the United Kingdom 1800–1986*. London: Ensis. p. 51. ISBN 1-871275-00-8.
26. "Weekend walk: the Brontë Way". *Lancashire Evening Post*. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
27. Harlow, Clarke, Phillips, Scott 2012, p. 33.
28. Sixteenth Annual Report of the Medical Officer for the Borough of Keighley at the Internet Archive
29. Annual Report of the Medical Officer for the Borough of Keighley 1973 at the Internet Archive
30. "Drinking Water Quality DWI Submission; Long-term Statement on Drinking Water Quality" (PDF). *yorkshirewater.com*. May 2018. p. 42. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
31. Wilson, D; Woodward, K (1991). "11: Improved pH Control and its Use with Coagulant Control Systems". In Roberts, K F (ed.). *Advanced technology in water management : proceedings of the conference organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held in London on 27-28 November 1990*. London: T. Telford. p. 128. ISBN 0-7277-1638-7.
32. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1897 at the Internet Archive
33. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1904 at the Internet Archive
34. Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Medical Officer for the Borough of Keighley at the Internet Archive
35. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1898 at the Internet Archive
36. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1906 at the Internet Archive
37. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1911 at the Internet Archive
38. Nineteenth Annual Report of the Medical Officer for the Borough of Keighley at the Internet Archive
39. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1907 at the Internet Archive
40. Borough of Keighley Annual Reports 1913 at the Internet Archive
41. "Watersheddles Reservoir". *environment.data.gov.uk*. Retrieved 27 March 2020.

### Sources

* Hewitt, Peggy (2004). *Brontë Country: Lives and Landscapes*. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 9780750954259.
* Harlow, J; Clarke, S; Phillips, M; Scott, A (2012). "Valuing land-use and management changes in the Keighley and Watersheddles catchment". *Natural England Research Reports* (44). Natural England. ISSN 1754-1956.

## InfoBox

| Watersheddles Reservoir | |
| --- | --- |
| Water Sheddles | |
| Dam and valve tower, Watersheddles Reservoir | |
| Watersheddles ReservoirLocation in Lancashire | |
| Location | Borough of Pendle, Lancashire |
| Coordinates | 53°50′20″N 2°03′04″W / 53.8390°N 2.0512°W / 53.8390; -2.0512 |
| Type | Reservoir |
| Primary outflows | River Worth |
| Catchment area | 560 acres (225 ha) |
| Basin countries | England |
| Managing agency | Yorkshire Water |
| Built | 1871–1877 |
| First flooded | 1877 |
|  | |
| Surface area | 27 acres (11 ha) |
| Average depth | 18 feet (5.5 m) |
| Max. depth | 49 feet (15 m) |
| Water volume | 28,300,000 cubic feet (801,000 m3) |
| Shore length1 | 1.2 miles (2 km) |
| Surface elevation | 1,099 feet (335 m) |
|  | |
| References |  |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: European Team Championships (bridge)

abstract: The European Team Championship bridge championship is held every two years. It is organised by the European Bridge League (EBL).

text:
# European Team Championships (bridge)

The **European Team Championship** bridge championship is held every two years. It is organised by the European Bridge League (EBL).

## Open

Open European Bridge League
| Year | Event # | Location | Winners | Runners-up | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | 43 | Montecatini Terme, Italy | **Italy** Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Andrea Buratti, Massimo Lanzarotti, Lorenzo Lauria, Alfredo Versace | **Poland** Cezary Balicki, Adam Żmudziński, Apolinari Kawalski, Jacek Romanski, Michał Kwiecień, Jacek Pszczoła | **Norway** Boye Brogeland, Erik Seelensminde, Geir Helgemo, Tor Helness, Glenn Grotheim, Terje Åå |
| 1999 | 44 | Malta | **Italy** Dario Attanasio, Guiseppe Failla, Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Soldano de Falco, Guido Ferraro | **Sweden** Bjorn Fallenius, Mats Nilsland, Lars Andersson, Tommy Gullberg, Peter Fredin, Magnus Lindkvist | **Norway** Boye Brogeland, Erik Saelensminde, Arild Rasmussen, Jon Sveindal, Jon-Egil Furunes, Tor Helness |
| 2001 | 45 | Tenerife | **Italy** Norberto Bocchi, Dano De Falco, Giorgio Duboin, Guido Ferraro, Lorenzo Lauria, Alfredo Versace, Maria Teresa Lavazza (Captain) | **Norway** | **Poland** Cezary Balicki, Michal Kwiecien, Krzysztof Martens, Marcin Lesniewski, Adam Żmudziński, Jacek Pszczoła |
| 2002 | 46 | Salsomaggiore Term, Italy | **Italy** Francesco Angelini, Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Lorenzo Lauria, Alfredo Versace, Antonio Sementa, Maria Teresa Lavazza (Captain) | **Spain** Juan Carlos Ventín, Luis Lantarón, Antonio Francés, José Ignacio Torres, Andrea Buratti, Massimo Lanzarotti, | **Norway** |
| 2004 | 47 | Malmo, Sweden | **Italy** Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Claudio Nunes, Lorenzo Lauria, Fulvio Fantoni, Alfredo Versace | **Sweden** Peter Fredin, Johan Sylvan, Fredrik Nystrom, Per Olof Sundelin, Magnus Lindkvist, Peter Bertheau | **Poland** Bartosz Chmurski, Cezary Balicki, Mariusz Puczynski, Piotr Tuszynski, Apolinary Kowalski, Adam Zmudzinski |
| 2006 | 48 | Warsaw, Poland | **Italy** Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Claudio Nunes, Lorenzo Lauria, Fulvio Fantoni, Alfredo Versace | **Ireland** John Carroll, Tom Hanlon, Tommy Garvey, Nicholas Fitzgibbon, Adam Mesbur, Hugh Mcgann | **Norway** Ulf Haakon Tundal, Tor Helness, Geir Helgemo, Bjorn Olav Ekren, Boye Brogeland, Erik Saelensminde |
| 2008 | 49 | Pau, France | **Norway** Boerre Lund, Terje Aa, Geir Helgemo, Espen Lindqvist, Boye Brogeland, Jorgen Molberg, | **Russia** Georgi Matushko, Yury Khiuppenen, Jouri Khokhlov, Andrey Gromov, Vadim Kholomeev, Alexander Dubinin, | **Germany** Entscho Wladow, Josef Piekarek, Michael Gromoeller, Andreas Kirmse, Michael Elinescu, Alexander Smirnov |
| 2010 | 50 | Ostend, Belgium | **Italy** Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Lorenzo Lauria, Antonio Sementa, Agustin Madala, Alfredo Versace | **Poland** Krzysztof Buras, Cezary Balicki, Grzegorz Narkiewicz, Adam Zmudzinski, Krzysztof Kotorowicz, Jacek Kalita | **Israel** Ilan Herbst, Ophir Herbst, Yaniv Zack, Eldad Ginossar, Michael Barel, Ron Pachtman |
| 2012 | 51 | Dublin, Ireland | **Monaco** Claudio Nunes, Tor Helness, Geir Helgemo, Franck Multon, Pierre Zimmermann, Fulvio Fantoni | **Netherlands** Bauke Muller, Simon De Wijs, Bas Drijver, Sjoert Brink, Louk Verhees Jr, Ricco Van Prooijen, | **Italy** Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Lorenzo Lauria, Antonio Sementa, Agustin Madala, Alfredo Versace |
| 2014 | 52 | Opatija, Croatia | **Israel** Alon Birman, Lotan Fisher, Ilan Herbst, Ophir Herbst, Dror Padon, Ron Schwartz | **Monaco** Fulvio Fantoni, Geir Helgemo, Tor Helness, Franck Multon, Claudio Nunes, Pierre Zimmermann | **England** David Bakhshi, Tony Forrester, David Gold, Jason Hackett, Justin Hackett, Andrew Robson |
| 2016 | 53 | Budapest, Hungary | **France** Thomas Bessis, Francois Combescure, Cedric Lorenzini, Jean-Christophe Quantin, Jerome Rombaut, Frederic Volcker | **Sweden** Fredrik Nystrom, Mikael Rimstedt, Ola Rimstedt, Johan Sylvan, Johan Upmark, Frederic Wrang | **Netherlands** Sjoert Brink, Simon De Wijs, Bas Drijver, Bob Drijver, Bauke Muller, Bart Nab |
| 2018 | 54 | Ostend, Belgium | **Norway** Terje Aa, Boye Brogeland, Nils Kare Kvangraven, Espen Lindqvist, Allan Livgard, Ulf Haakon Tundal | **Israel** Ilan Bareket, Alon Birman, Assaf Lengy, Amir Levin, Dror Padon, Josef Roll | **Russia** Yury Khiuppenen, Jouri Khokhlov, Vadim Kholomeev, Georgi Matushko, Sergey Orlov, Evgeni Rudakov |

## Senior

Senior
| Year | Event # | Location | Winners | Runners-up | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | 43 | Montecatini Terme, Italy | **France** | **Poland** | **Netherlands** |
| 1999 | 44 | Malta | **France1** Adad, Sussel, Aujaleu, Delmouly, Roudinesco | **PE/France** | **France2** |
| 2001 | 45 | Tenerife | **Poland** Wit Klapper, Andrzej Milde, Wlodzimierz Stobiecki, Wlodzimierz Wala, Jerzy Russyan, Andrzej Wilkosz |  |  |
| 2002 | 46 | Salsomaggiore Term, Italy | **France** | **Israel** | **Denmark** |
| 2004 | 47 | Malmo, Sweden | **Denmark** Kirsten Steen Moller, Peter Lund, Steen Moller, Jens Auken, Flemming Dahl, Georg Norris | **Poland** Janusz Radecki, Antoni Zdzienicki, Andrzej Aleksandrzak, Krzysztof Sikorski, Jacek Korpetta, Kazimierz Omernik | **France** Albert Faigenbaum, Christian Mari, Jean-Louis Stoppa, Francois Stretz, Paul Chemla, Jose Damiani |
| 2006 | 48 | Warsaw, Poland | **Germany** | **Sweden** | **France** |
| 2008 | 49 | Pau, France | **Turkey** | **Sweden** | **Belgium** |
| 2010 | 50 | Ostend, Belgium | **Poland** | **Denmark** | **Italy** |
| 2012 | 51 | Dublin, Ireland | **France** | **Poland** | **Scotland** |
| 2014 | 52 | Opatija, Croatia | **England** | **Sweden** | **Poland** |
| 2016 | 53 | Budapest, Hungary | **Israel** | **Sweden** | **Poland** |
| 2018 | 54 | Ostend, Belgium | **France** | **Sweden** | **Poland** |

## Ladies

Ladies Series European Bridge League Champions
| Year | Event # | Location | Winners | Runners-up | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | 43 | Montecatini Terme, Italy | **Great Britain** Sandra Landy, Michele Handley, Liz McGowan, Heather Dhondy, Nicola Smith, Pat Davies | **France** Veronique Bessis, Michele Cronier, Catherine de Guillebon, Christine Lustin, Catherine Saul, Pascale Thuillez | **Israel** Migri Zur Alba, Ruth Levit Porat, Ilana Barnes, Anda Barber, Daniela Birman, Matilda Poplilov |
| 1999 | 44 | Malta | **Great Britain** Sandra Landy, Abbey Walker, Liz McGowan, Heather Dhondy, Nicola Smith, Pat Davies | **Austria** Maria Erhart, Sylvia Terraneo, Doris Fischer, Gabriele Bamberger, Terry Weigkricht, Andreas Feichtinger | **France** Veronique Bessis, Catherine D'Ovidio, Danielle Avon, Christine Lustin, Benedicte Cronier, Sylvie Willard |
| 2002 | 46 | Salsomaggiore Term, Italy | **Netherlands** | **Germany** | **England** |
| 2004 | 47 | Malmo, Sweden | **Sweden** Catarina Midskog Pia Andersson Maria Gronkvist Catharina Ahlesved Kathrine Bertheau Linda Langstrom | **Netherlands** Jet Pasman Wietske Van Zwol Anneke SIMONS Carla Arnolds Femke Hoogweg Bep Vriend | **France** Veronique Bessis Catherine D'Ovidio Benedicte Cronier Daniele Gaviard Christine Lustin Sylvie Willard |
| 2006 | 48 | Warsaw, Poland | **France** | **Netherlands** | **England** |
| 2008 | 49 | Pau, France | **France** | **Italy** | **Spain** Marta Almirall, Nuria Almirall, Mari Carmen Babot, María Panadero, Cristina Bordallo, Marisa Matut |
| 2010 | 50 | Ostend, Belgium | **France** | **Netherlands** | **Sweden** |
| 2012 | 51 | Dublin, Ireland | **England** | **France** | **Turkey** |
| 2014 | 52 | Opatija, Croatia | **Netherlands** | **England** | **France** |
| 2016 | 53 | Budapest, Hungary | **England** | **France** | **Poland** |
| 2018 | 54 | Ostend, Belgium | **Poland** | **Sweden** | **Norway** |

## Ladies Pairs

Ladies Pairs European Bridge League Champions
| Year | Event # | Location | Winners | Runners-up | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | 43 | Montecatini Terme, Italy | Daniela von Arnim, Sabine Auken | Golin Olivieri (Italy) Cohen-Zuccarelli |  |
| 1999 | 44 | Malta | Elisabeth Lacroix, Catherine Poulain |  |  |
|

1. *43rd Generali European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
2. *44th Generali European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
3. *45th Generali European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
4. *46th European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
5. *47th European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
6. *48th European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
7. *49th European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
8. *50th European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
9. *51st European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
10. *52nd European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
11. *53rd European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29
12. *54th European Bridge Championship*, retrieved 2019-01-29


title: Lazar Hristov

abstract: Lazar Hristov was a Bulgarian footballer. He played in three matches for the Bulgaria national football team from 1947 to 1952. He was also part of Bulgaria's squad for the 1952 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.

text:
# Lazar Hristov

**Lazar Hristov** (born 18 March 1925) was a Bulgarian footballer. He played in three matches for the Bulgaria national football team from 1947 to 1952. He was also part of Bulgaria's squad for the 1952 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.

## InfoBox

Lazar Hristov
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | 18 March 1925 | | |
| Place of birth | Sofia, Bulgaria | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1947–1952 | Bulgaria | 3 | (0) |


title: Usugi Station

abstract: Usugi Station is a railway station in the town of Mogami, Yamagata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Usugi Station

**Usugi Station** (鵜杉駅, *Usugi-eki*) is a railway station in the town of Mogami, Yamagata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Usugi Station is served by the Rikuu East Line, and is located 71.5 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kogota Station.

## Station layout

The station has one side platform, serving a bidirectional single track. The station building is built directly on the platform. The station is unattended.

## History

Usugi Station opened on September 1, 1965. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Usugi Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Usugi Station
鵜杉駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Usugi Station in April 2009 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shimo, Mogami-machi, Mogami-gun, Yamagata-ken 999-6212
Japan |
| Coordinates | 38°45′53.87″N 140°27′12.58″E / 38.7649639°N 140.4534944°E / 38.7649639; 140.4534944 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Rikuu East Line |
| Distance | 71.5 kilometers from Kogota |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | September 1, 1965 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2004 | 51 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  Semi-Onsentowards Shinjō  Rikuu East Line  Ōhoritowards Kogota | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Usugi StationLocation within Yamagata PrefectureUsugi StationUsugi Station (Japan) | |


title: Folio (disambiguation)

abstract: A folio is a book size, the page number of books, or sheets with multiple printed pages. Folio may also refer to:

text:
# Folio (disambiguation)

A **folio** is a book size, the page number of books, or sheets with multiple printed pages.

**Folio** may also refer to:

## Printing and publishing

### Periodicals

* *Folio* (magazine), a US trade magazine for the magazine industry founded in 1972
* *Folio Weekly*, an alternative newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida, US
* *Folio*, a literary magazine founded in 1984 and based at American University, D.C., US

## Brands and companies

## Other uses


title: Mercantile SFK

abstract: Mercantile Ski- og Fotballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Oslo, Norway. Founded on 3 June 1903, the club currently plays in 7. divisjon, the eighth tier of the Norwegian football league system. The club formerly had sections for bandy, handball, ice hockey and skiing.

text:
# Mercantile SFK

**Mercantile Ski- og Fotballklubb** is a Norwegian football club from Oslo, Norway. Founded on 3 June 1903, the club currently plays in 7. divisjon, the eighth tier of the Norwegian football league system. The club formerly had sections for bandy, handball, ice hockey and skiing.

## History

Mercantile Ski- og Fotballklubb was founded on 3 June 1903 by av Hans Chr. Endrerud, Einar Maartmann and Sverre Strand. In the early years, the club dominated local football in Oslo and even in national competition. The first eighth county championships (In Norwegian:*kretsmesterskap*) were won by Mercantile between 1906 and 1913. Mercantile became Norwegian Champions in 1907 and 1912 as winners of the Norwegian Cup. When Norway played its first international match, nine of the players were represented by Mercantile SFK. Minotti Bøhn, the first Norway national team goalscorer was one of these nine Mercantile players.

90 years after its foundation, the club thrived in the 2. divisjon, the third tier. Following relegation in 1994 the club won promotion from the 1996 3. divisjon, but faced straight relegation again in 1997. In 2001 Mercantile was a serious contestant for promotion, but finished behind Grindvoll, only to win its 2002 3. divisjon department and also the playoff against Mjøndalen. The club then had a run in the 2. divisjon from 2003 to 2005.

In November 2006, the club's football department (Mercantile Fotballklubb) merged with Nordstrand IF, which led to Nordstrand taking over Mercantile's first team in the 3. divisjon (fourth tier). 28 November 2007, Mercantile Ski- og Fotballklubb decided to restart a team in the 8. division led by Kent Jonas Trinborg and Skjalg Sæther.

## Honours

## Recent history

| Season |  | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | P | Cup | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 7. divisjon | **4** | 16 | 7 | 0 | 9 | 37 | 39 | **21** | dnq |  |
| 2016 | 7. divisjon | **5** | 18 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 41 | 38 | **26** | dnq |  |
| 2017 | 7. divisjon | **8** | 14 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 24 | 52 | **7** | dnq |  |
| 2018 | 7. divisjon | **5** | 16 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 30 | 34 | **21** | dnq |  |

## Sports

## InfoBox

Mercantile
| Full name | Mercantile Ski- og Fotballklubb |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 3 June 1903 (3 June 1903) |
| Ground | Langerud |
| League | 7. divisjon, group 3 |
| 2018 | 7. divisjon, group 3, 5th of 9 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Martial Gueroult

abstract: Martial Gueroult was a French philosopher. His primary areas of research were in 17th- and 18th-century philosophy as well as the history of philosophy.

text:
# Martial Gueroult

**Martial Gueroult** (French: \[ɡeʁu\]; 15 December 1891 – 13 August 1976) was a French philosopher. His primary areas of research were in 17th- and 18th-century philosophy as well as the history of philosophy.

## Biography

Gueroult was born on 15 December 1891 in the city of Le Havre in northwestern France. A veteran of both the First and Second World Wars, he was awarded the Légion d’Honneur \[Legion of Honour\] and twice with the Croix de Guerre \[Cross of War\]. It was during his time as a prisoner of war in Germany that Gueroult began drafting his first philosophical work on Johann Gottlieb Fichte, later to become *L’Évolution et la structure de la doctrine de la science chez Fichte* \[*The Evolution and Structure of Fichte’s Doctrine of Science*\].

Gueroult’s first academic appointment was to the University of Strasbourg. In the 1930s, Gueroult spent some time at the University of São Paulo in Brazil where he worked along with other French intellectuals such as Roger Bastide, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Pierre Monbeig and Ferdinand Braudel to develop the newly founded university’s social science programs. He would return to France to accept a position at the Sorbonne but in 1951, was named successor to Étienne Gilson at the Collège de France. Gueroult re-titled his position as "Histoire et technologie des systèmes philosophiques" \["History and Technology of Philosophical Systems"\] and it is here he would remain until his retirement in 1962.

## Thought

Gueroult's work was characterized by a close attention to the History of Philosophy—which he considered as noble as philosophy itself—as well as a strong demand for systematicity. He also refused philosophical recourse to transcendence. A polemical debate opposed him to Ferdinand Alquié concerning Descartes, as Gueroult was studying him "according to the order of reasons" (synchronically), while Alquié was more interested in his historical evolution, studying him diachronically. Gueroult was interested in the "conditions of possibility of a history of philosophy in general". He died before completing his opus titled *Dianoématique*, which was composed of two books, the first one being titled *History of the History of Philosophy* and the second one *Philosophy of the History of Philosophy*. The second volume asked the question: how is a history of philosophy possible, given that philosophy aims as studying eternal truths, and that history is a school of skepticism?

## Significance

Gueroult's influence has primarily been confined to France where his works have come to be seen as classics in the history of philosophy. He was highly influential on the thought of 20th-century French thinkers such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jules Vuillemin, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, Gilles Deleuze and Geneviève Rodis-Lewis.

## Bibliography

Books * *L’Antidogmatisme de Kant et de Fichte*. \[*The Anti-Dogmatism of Kant and Fichte*\] 1920.
* *L’Évolution et la structure de la doctrine de la science chez Fichte*. \[*The Evolution and Structure of Fichte’s Doctrine of Science*\] Paris: Les Belles-Lettres, 1930.
* *La Philosophie transcendentale de Salomon Maimon*. \[*The Transcendental Philosophy of Salomon Maimon*\] Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1931.
* *Leibniz: Dynamique et métaphysique; suivi d'une note sur le principe de la moindre action chez Maupertuis*. \[*Leibniz: Dynamics and Metaphysics; Followed by A Note on The Principle of Least Action in Maupertuis*\] Paris: Les Belles-Lettres, 1939.
* *Étendue et psychologie chez Malebranche*. \[*Extension and Psychology in Malebranche*\] Paris: Les Belles-Lettres, 1939.
* *Descartes selon l'ordre des raisons, T. 1: L'Âme et Dieu et T. 2: L'Âme et le corps*. Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1953. (Roger Ariew, trans. *Descartes’ Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reason, T. 1: The Soul and God and T. 2: The Soul and the Body*. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984 – 1985).
* *Nouvelles réflexions sur la preuve ontologique de Descartes*. \[*New Reflections on Descartes’ Ontological Proof*\] Paris: J. Vrin, 1955.
* *Berkeley: Quatre études sur la perception et sur Dieu*. \[*Berkeley: Four Studies on Perception and God*\] 1956.
* *Malebranche, T. 1: La vision en Dieu, T. 2: Les cinq abîmes de la Providence; A. L’ordre et l’occasionalisme et B. La nature et la grâce* \[*Malebranche, T. 1: Vision in God, T. 2: The Five Chasms of Providence; A. Order and Occasionalism and B. Nature and Grace*\] Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1955 – 1959.
* *Etudes sur Descartes, Spinoza, Malebranche et Leibniz*. \[*Studies on Descartes, Spinoza, Malebranche and Leibniz*\] New York: George Olms, 1970.
* *Spinoza, T.1: Dieu (Ethique, I) et T.2: L'Âme (Éthique, II)*. \[*Spinoza, T.1: God (Ethics, I) and T.2: The Soul (Ethics, II)*\] Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1968 – 1974.
* *Études sur Fichte*. \[*Studies on Fichte*\] 1979.
* *Dianoématique, T. 1: Histoire de l'histoire de la philosophie (Vol. 1: En Occident, des origines jusqu'à Condillac \[1984\], Vol. 2: En Allemagne, de Leibniz à nos jours \[1988\], Vol. 3: En France, de Condorcet à nos jours, \[1988\]) et T. 2: Philosophie de l'histoire de la philosophie \[1979\]*. *\[* *Dianoematics, T. 1: History of The History of Philosophy (Vol. 1: In The West, From Its Beginnings to Condillac \[1984\], Vol. 2: In Germany, From Leibniz to Our Days \[1988\], Vol. 3: In France, From Condorcet to Our Days) and T. 2: Philosophy of the History of Philosophy \[1979\]* *\]* 1979 – 1984.

Articles * "Nature humaine et état de nature chez Rousseau, Kant et Fichte." \["Human Nature and The State of Nature in Rousseau, Kant and Fichte"\] *Cahiers pour l’Analyse* 6 (1967): 2 – 19.
* "The History of Philosophy as a Philosophical Problem." *The Monist* 53 (1969): 563 – 587.
* "Spinoza’s Letter on the Infinite (Letter XII, to Louis Meyer)." In *Spinoza: A Collection of Critical Essays*, edited by Marjorie Grene and translated by Kathleen McLaughlin, 182 – 212. New York: Doubleday, 1973. Originally published in Martial Gueroult, "Appendice Nº 9: La lettre sur l’infini (Lettre XII, à Louis Meyer)," *Spinoza, T.1: Dieu (Ethique, I)*, 500 – 528 (Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1968).
* "The Metaphysics and Physics of Force in Descartes." In *Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics*, edited by Stephen Gaukroger, ? - ?. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980.

## InfoBox

| Martial Gueroult | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 15 December 1891
Le Havre, France |
| Died | 13 August 1976 (aged 84)
Paris, France |
| Alma mater | École Normale Supérieure |
|  | |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Continental philosophy |
| Main interests | 17th-century philosophy, 18th-century philosophy, history of philosophy, philosophy of history |
|  | |


title: Holmbush, Cornwall

abstract: Holmbush is a village in Cornwall, England that is situated in the suburban area of St Austell. It was a centre for tin and copper mining in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with a few houses to the south of the A390 road. It was developed in the 1970s, with the construction of housing and an industrial estate to the north of the road. Since 1974, the site of Cuddra mine has been developed as Pinetum Gardens, an attraction holding over 6,000 varieties of plants, many collected by the owner on plant hunting expeditions.

text:
# Holmbush, Cornwall

**Holmbush** is a village in Cornwall, England that is situated in the suburban area of St Austell (where the population at the 2011 census was included). It was a centre for tin and copper mining in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with a few houses to the south of the A390 road. It was developed in the 1970s, with the construction of housing and an industrial estate to the north of the road. Since 1974, the site of Cuddra mine has been developed as Pinetum Gardens, an attraction holding over 6,000 varieties of plants, many collected by the owner on plant hunting expeditions.

## Development

Most of Holmbush is comparatively recent. In the 1880s, the main centre of population was on the south side of what is now the main A390 road, sandwiched between the road and the railway to St Austell. To the north of the housing was the West Wheal Eliza tin mine. To the north east was Wheal Eliza Consols tin mine, while to the east, Cuddra tin and copper mine was already disused, and further east was the disused South Cuddra copper mine. By 1907,Cuddra mine was no longer marked on the map, and West Wheal Eliza and Wheal Eliza Consols were both marked as disused. No further development is obvious on the 1963 map but the 1971 map shows the development of housing to the north of the main road, with a few larger buildings to the east, which is now the site of the industrial estate. The 1977 map shows the Wheal Eliza cricket ground, constructed in 1973 on part of the West Wheal Eliza site, which was first used for Minor Counties Championship matches in 1982, when Cornwall played Dorset. Modern maps still show tips between the cricket ground and the industrial estate and at Cuddra. The main area is marked as Cuddra Plantations, and is the location of Pinetum Gardens and a nursery. Wheal Eliza Consols is still named.

## Tourism

Near to the remains of Wheal Eliza Consols mine is Boscundle Manor, a farmhouse built in the 18th century and now a hotel and restaurant. Although modernised, it is a Grade II Listed building. The site of Cuddra mine was the location of Pine Lodge, which was bought in 1974, and became the centre of Pinetum Park and Pine Lodge Gardens. The new owners used it as a showpiece for their collections of plants, obtained from seeds collected on plant hunting expeditions around the world. It now includes a formal garden, a cottage garden, a formal garden, water features and a lake, shrubberies, a pinetum, an arboretum, a Japanese garden and a 3-acre (1.2 ha) winter garden. Over 6,000 species of plants have been labelled by the owner, Mrs Shirley Clemo, and in 2008 the gardens were given a Bronze Award in the Small Visitor Attraction of the Year category, in recognition of their contribution to tourism in Cornwall.

## History

Holmbush was the location of Charlestown United Mines, one of a series of metal mines in the vicinity. It produced large quantities of tin and copper in the early nineteenth century. In addition to the engine house shafts, there were whim shafts, where a winch was used to raise the ore, which was then crushed in stamps powered by water wheels and by steam engines. The ore was transported to nearby Charlestown for export. In 1838, it employed a total of 814 people, 431 men, 120 women and 263 children. There were 283 adults living in the village according to the census of 1851, of whom ten were miners and one was a mine manager. One of the miners also worked as a cooper, as did ten other men. The census also recorded a tea-dealer and a hobbler Charlestown United Mines later became part of Charlestown United and Cuddra Consolidated Mines, who owned four mines in the vicinity.

### Cornish wrestling

Cornish wrestling tournaments were held in Holmbush in the early 1900s.

### Bibliography

* Hancock, Peter (2008). *The Mining Heritage of Cornwall and West Devon*. Halsgrove. ISBN 978-1-84114-753-6.

## InfoBox

| Holmbush | |
| --- | --- |
| Mine chimney at the disused Wheal Eliza Consols tin mine | |
| HolmbushLocation within Cornwall | |
| OS grid reference | SX035525 |
| Civil parish | * St Austell CP |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ST. AUSTELL |
| Postcode district | PL25 |
| Dialling code | 01726 |
|  | |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Cornwall |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
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title: Warren B. Mori

abstract: Warren Bicknell Mori is an American computational plasma physicist and a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was awarded the 2020 James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics for his contributions to the theory and computer simulations of non-linear processes in plasma-based acceleration using kinetic theory, as well as for his research in relativistically intense lasers and beam-plasma interactions.

text:
# Warren B. Mori

**Warren Bicknell Mori** (born August 8, 1959) is an American computational plasma physicist and a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was awarded the 2020 James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics for his contributions to the theory and computer simulations of non-linear processes in plasma-based acceleration using kinetic theory, as well as for his research in relativistically intense lasers and beam-plasma interactions.

## Early life and career

Mori received a Bachelor of Science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981. He then went to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and obtained a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 1984 and 1987 respectively. For his Ph.D. in electrical engineering, Mori was supervised by plasma physicists Francis F. Chen, John M. Dawson and Chandrashekhar J. Joshi, all of whom were noted for winning the James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics. Mori then remained at UCLA, and has been there ever since.

Mori was a director of UCLA's Institute for Digital Research and Education. He is currently a director of UCLA's Particle-in-Cell and Kinetic Simulation Software Center and Plasma Simulation Group.

## Honors and awards

Mori is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

In 1995, Mori received the International Center for Theoretical Physics Medal for Excellence in Nonlinear Plasma Physics by a Young Researcher. He also won the 2016 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Prize of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for "*his leadership and pioneering contributions in theory and particle-in-cell code simulations of plasma based particle acceleration*".

Mori was awarded the 2020 James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics for "*leadership in and pioneering contributions to the theory and kinetic simulations of nonlinear processes in plasma-based acceleration, and relativistically intense laser and beam plasma interactions".*

## InfoBox

| Warren B. Mori | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Warren Bicknell Mori
(1959-08-08) August 8, 1959
Weymouth, Massachusetts |
| Education | UC Berkeley (B.S.),
UCLA (M.S., Ph.D.) |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Plasma physics |
| Institutions | UCLA |
| Thesis | *Theory and Simulations on Beat Wave Excitation of Relativisitic Plasma Waves* (1987) |
| Doctoral advisor | Francis F. Chen,
John M. Dawson,
Chandrashekhar J. Joshi |
|  | |


title: Terrazzo, Veneto

abstract: Terrazzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Venice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Verona. Terrazzo borders the following municipalities: Badia Polesine, Bevilacqua, Boschi Sant'Anna, Castagnaro, Castelbaldo, Legnago, Merlara, Urbana, and Villa Bartolomea.

text:
# Terrazzo, Veneto

**Terrazzo** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Venice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Verona.

Terrazzo borders the following municipalities: Badia Polesine, Bevilacqua, Boschi Sant'Anna, Castagnaro, Castelbaldo, Legnago, Merlara, Urbana, and Villa Bartolomea.

## People

Media related to Terrazzo at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Terrazzo | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Terrazzo | |
| Town hall. | |
| Location of Terrazzo | |
| TerrazzoLocation of Terrazzo in ItalyTerrazzoTerrazzo (Veneto) | |
| Coordinates: 45°10′N 11°24′E / 45.167°N 11.400°E / 45.167; 11.400 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Veneto |
| Province | Verona (VR) |
| *Frazioni* | Begosso, Nichesola |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Simone Zamboni |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.53 km2 (7.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 12 m (39 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2015) | |
| Total | 2,242 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Terrazzani |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 37040 |
| Dialing code | 0442 |
| Patron saint | Saint Paul |
| Saint day | 25 January |
| Website | Official website |


title: Lebtheinia mine

abstract: The Lebtheinia mine is a large iron mine located in central Mauritania in the Adrar Region. Lebtheinia represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Mauritania and in the world having estimated reserves of 2.74 billion tonnes of ore grading 48% iron metal.

text:
# Lebtheinia mine

The **Lebtheinia mine** is a large iron mine located in central Mauritania in the Adrar Region. Lebtheinia represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Mauritania and in the world having estimated reserves of 2.74 billion tonnes of ore grading 48% iron metal.

## InfoBox

Lebtheinia mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Adrar Region | |
| Country | Mauritania |
| Production | |
| Products | Iron ore |


title: Mordellistena minutella

abstract: Mordellistena minutella is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1968.

text:
# Mordellistena minutella

***Mordellistena minutella*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1968.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena minutella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. minutella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena minutella***<br>Costa, 1968 | |
|