title: Piotr Adamczyk

abstract: Piotr Aleksander Adamczyk is a Polish film, television, voice and theatre actor. He is known for portraying pianist and composer Frédéric Chopin in the biographical film Chopin: Desire for love (2002), Pope John Paul II in the TV miniseries Karol: A Man Who Became Pope (2005) and its sequel Karol: The Pope, The Man (2006), Tomas in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series Hawkeye (2021) and Sergei Nikulov in the Apple TV+ original science fiction space drama series For All Mankind (2021–2024).

text:
# Piotr Adamczyk

**Piotr Aleksander Adamczyk** (Polish: \[ˈpjɔtr aˈdamt͡ʂɨk\]; born March 21, 1972) is a Polish film, television, voice and theatre actor. He is known for portraying pianist and composer Frédéric Chopin in the biographical film *Chopin: Desire for love* (2002), Pope John Paul II in the TV miniseries *Karol: A Man Who Became Pope* (2005) and its sequel *Karol: The Pope, The Man* (2006), Tomas in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series *Hawkeye* (2021) and Sergei Nikulov in the Apple TV+ original science fiction space drama series *For All Mankind* (2021–2024).

## Early life and education

From his early childhood Adamczyk wanted to become an actor. He attended the Machulski youth theatre group in Warsaw. Thanks to an international scholarship, he was able to attend international theatre workshops in the United Kingdom and Germany. He continued his acting education by attending the Theatre Academy in Warsaw. During his second academic year, he won a scholarship from the Soros Foundation which allowed him to attend the British American Drama Academy for one year, where he performed Hamlet for his diploma.

## Career

Once he graduated from the Theatre Academy, Adamczyk was hired by the Teatr Współczesny in Warsaw. His career in the film industry however grew much more intensively. His role of Stawrogin in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s *The Possessed* started Piotr’s long list of roles. The breakthrough in his career was his part as Frédéric Chopin in the film *Chopin: Desire for Love* \- and became a Polish star.

The climax of his popularity was reached when he played the title role of another Polish historical figure in a two part Italian TV movie - *Karol the Man who became Pope* and *Karol: The Pope - The Man*. The movie was viewed by several dozen million viewers, and made him popular in Italy, Latin America and many other Catholic countries.

Adamczyk also managed to take advantage of his popularity abroad to play at the Sala Uno Theatre in Rome, in Italian. He also played in Liliana Cavani’s movie *Einstein* and in the Portuguese production *Second Life*.

In 2014, Adamczyk, Bartosz Opania and Paweł Domagała starred in the comedy film *Wkreceni*.

He has been in over 800 radio roles and around 100 theatre, television and film parts. He is also appreciated for his roles in Polish dubbing. In animated films he played, among others, Melman the giraffe in *Madagascar*, Lightning McQueen in *Cars* and Syndrome in *The Incredibles*.

He has received many prestigious awards in Poland. In 2011, he was voted the most popular Polish actor once again.

## Filmography

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *30 Door Key* | Student | Uncredited |  |
| 1995 | *At Full Gallop* | Ksawery |  | |
| | *Żółta szlafmyca albo kolęda na Nowy Rok* | Sieciech | Television play | |
| | *Uczeń diabła* | | Krzyś | |
| | *Abigel* | | Feri | |
| 1996 | *Małka Szwarcenkopf* | | Jojne Firułkes | |
| | *Mutanci* | | Julka | |
| | *Kobieta bez skazy* | | Edward Kaswin | |
| | *Filomena Marturano* | | Umberto | |
| | *Sprawa Stawrogina* | | Mikołaj Stawrogin | |
| | *Skarb w płomieniach* | | Feliks | |
| 1997 | *Bezdroża serca i umysłu* | | Mr. de Meilcour | |
| | *Legenda o świętym Antonim Pustelniku* | | Antoni | |
| | *Ketchup Schroedera* | | Klimek | |
| | *Dziady* | |  | |
| | *Our God's Brother* | Hubert |  | |
| 1998 | *Alek* | Zbyszek | Television play | |
| | *Portret wenecki* | Young Gustaw | | |
| | *Dama od Maxima* | Prince | | |
| 1999 | *Dwa teatry* | Boy | | |
| | | Director #2 | | |
| | *Tango* | Artur | | |
| | *Niedobra miłość* | Justyn | | |
| | *Gorący oddech pustyni* | Secretary | | |
| | *Egzekutor* | Physician |  | |
| | *The Gateway of Europe* | Tadeusz Sztyller |  | |
| | *Na plebanii w Wyszkowie 1920* | Marian Lacheta | Documentary film | |
| 2000 | *Prymas. Trzy lata z tysiąca* | Kozyry |  | |
| | *Juliusz Słowacki tańczy* | Narrator | Documentary film | |
| | *Thomas and the Falcon King* | Cedryk |  | |
| | *Temida jest kobietą,
czyli historie zapożyczone od Guy de Maupassanta* | Cornoude | Television play | |
| | *Sandra K.* | | Director | |
| 2001 | *Łzy* | | Bright Lord | |
| 2002 | *Szkoła obmowy* | | Karol | |
| | *Dożywocie* | | Rafał | |
| | *Chłopiec i anioł* | | Father | |
| | *Rysa* | Andrzej ||
| | *Chopin: Desire for Love* | Frédéric Chopin |  | |
| | *Wszyscy święci* | Prist in Jędrzejów |  | |
| | *Career of Nikos Dyzma* | English language lecturer |  | |
| 2003 | *Ciało* | Parson |  | |
| | *Łowcy skór* | Dr. Andrzej Kwiatkowski |  | |
| | *Po deszczu* | IT specialist | Television play | |
| | *Edward II* | | Lightborne | |
| 2004 | *Książę nocy* | | Stalinist | |
| | *Karol: A Man Who Became Pope* | Pope John Paul II |  | |
| 2005 | *Karol: The Pope, The Man* | Pope John Paul II |  | |
| | *Papierośnica* |  | Short film | |
| | *Wniebowstąpienie* | Charon | Television play | |
| | *Małe piwo* | | Kajtek | |
| 2006 | *Piotr Adamczyk. Aktor, który...* | Himself | Documentary film | |
| 2007 | *Testosterone* | Kornel Olendzki |  | |
| | *Słowo honoru* | Józef Rybicki "Maciej" | Television play | |
| | *Wyzwolenie* | | Konrad | |
| 2008 | *Ladies* | Artur ||
| | *Nie kłam, kochanie* | Marcin Paprocki |  | |
| | *Limousine* | Georges | Also co-producer | |
| | *Resolution 819* | Aperto Films | Also co-producer | |
| | *Einstein* | Kurt Kluge |  | |
| 2009 | *Second Life* | Nicholas | Also co-producer | |
| | *Copernicus's Star* | Nicolaus Copernicus | Voice; short film | |
| 2010 | *Święty interes* | Leszek Rembowski | Also co-producer | |
| | *Trick* | Marek Kowalewski |  | |
| | *Śniadanie do łóżka* | Konrad |  | |
| | *Nie ten człowiek* | Servant |  | |
| | *Koniec Rosji* |  | Co-producer | |
| | *Namiętna kobieta* | Mark | Television play | |
| 2011 | *Getsemani* | | Alec Beasley | |
| | *Och, Karol 2* | Karol Górski |  | |
| | *Entanglement* | Antoni Szacki |  | |
| | *Letters to Santa* | Szczepan Lisiecki |  | |
| | *L'infiltré* |  | Producer | |
| 2012 | *The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683* | Emperor Leopold I |  | |
| | *Hans Kloss: More Than Death at Stake* | Hermann Brunner |  | |
| 2013 | *1939 Battle of Westerplatte* | Mieczysław Słaby |  | |
| | *Rzecz o banalności miłości* | Younger Martin Heidegger | Television play | |
| | *Nikt mnie nie zna* | | Marek Zięba | |
| 2014 | *Przygoda* | | Dr Zoltán | |
| | *Wkręceni* | Franek Szpak |  | |
| | *Warsaw Uprising* | Karol | Voice; Documentary film | |
| 2015 | *Letters to Santa 2* | Szczepan Lisiecki |  | |
| | *Słaba płeć?* | Jimmie |  | |
| 2016 | *I'm a Killer* | Aleksander Stępski |  | |
| | *Wrobiony* | Dominik |  | |
| | *Posprzątane* | Charles | Television play | |
| 2017 | *Listy z Rosji* | | Astolphe de Custine | |
| | *Biesiada u hrabiny Kotłubaj* | | Gombrowicz | |
| | *The Art of Loving: Story of Michalina Wisłocka* | Stanisław Wisłocki |  | |
| | *Letters to Santa 3* | Szczepan Lisiecki |  | |
| | *Mission Control: The Unsung Heroes Of Apollo* | Sergey Lebedev |  | |
| | *I'm Endless Like the Space* | Mark |  | |
| 2018 | *Narzeczony na niby* | Darek Szmidt |  | |
| | *303 Squadron* | Witold Urbanowicz |  | |
| 2019 | *Icarus. The Legend of Mietek Kosz* | Bogdan Danowicz |  | |
| | *Women of Mafia 2* | Mat |  | |
| | *Their Lucky Stars* | Robert Turski |  | |
| | *Wesele* | Poet | Television play | |
| 2020 | *Mayday* | Jan Kowalski |  | |
| | *Letters to Santa 4* | Szczepan Lisiecki ||
| | *Fisheye* | Marek |  | |
| 2021 | *Small World* | Robert Goc |  |
| | *A Woman at Night* | Dracula |  |
| | *In for a Murder* | Robert Mazur |  |
| 2022 | *Letters to Santa 5* | Szczepan Lisiecki |  |
| 2023 | *Up on the Roof* | Stephan |  |
| | *Il cacio con le pere* | Sergei |  |
| | *Falling Stars* | Ouami |  |
| | *The Partisan* | Captan Hamann | In production |
| | *Max & Me* | Maximilian Kolbe | Voice; In post-production |
| | Franciszek Gajowniczek | |
| 2024 | *Klara* |  | In production |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *Pogranicze w ogniu* | Pająk | 2 episodes |  |
| 1995 | *Spellbinder* | Zander | 10 episodes | |
| 1997 | *Boża podszewka* | Adam Jurewicz | 4 episodes | |
| | *Sława i chwała* | Józio Royski | 7 episodes | |
| 1999 | *Ja, Malinowski* | Pijaszewski | 11 episodes | |
| 2000 | *Removals* | Lieutenant | 2 episodes | |
| 2001 | *Garderoba damska* | Paweł Spory | 2 episodes | |
| 2003 | *Timewatch* |  | Episode: "Through Hell for Hitler" (no. 36) | |
| 2003–2004 | *Na dobre i na złe* | Jerzy Kozerski | 26 episodes | |
| 2004 | *Dziupla Cezara* | Cezary Kubik | Main role; 13 episodes | |
| 2004–2006 | *Pensjonat pod Różą* | Jacek Kakietek | Main role; 97 episodes | |
| 2009 | *39 and a Half* | Jacek Wąglik | Episode: "Liceum" (no. 34) | |
| | *Naznaczony* | Tadeusz Kral | Main role; 13 episodes | |
| 2009–2014 | *Days of Honor* | Lars Rainer | Main role; 74 episodes | |
| 2011–2013 | *Recipe For Life* | Andrzej Zawadzki | Main role; 64 episodes | |
| 2012 | *Trick* | Marek Kowalewski | Main role | |
| 2012–2014 | *Piąty Stadion* | Borys Nowakowski | Main role | |
| 2014 | *Between the Lines* | Fryderyk Rekrut | Main role; 13 episodes | |
| | *Mister Ignis* |  | Episode no. 1 | |
| | *Polacy w Rzymie i Watykanie* |  | 9 episodes | |
| 2017 | *House of Change* | Stefan Malinowski | Main role; 8 episodes | |
| 2018 | *Counterpart* | Gunther | 4 episodes | |
| | *Third Half* | Borys Nowakowski | Main role | |
| 2018–2019 | *Madam Secretary* | Józef Demko, President of Poland | 2 episodes | |
| 2019 | *The Name of the Rose* | Severinus |  | |
| | *Women of Mafia 2* | Mat | Main role | |
| 2019–2021 | *Better Half* | Borys | 23 episodes | |
| 2021 | *Small World* | Robert Goc | 3 episodes | |
| 2020 | *Mayday* | Jan Kowalski | Main role; 4 episodes | |
| 2020–2021 | *Kowalscy kontra Kowalscy* | Piotr Kowalski | Main role; 44 episodes | |
| 2021–2024 | *For All Mankind* | Sergei Orestovich Nikulov | 13 episodes | |
| 2021 | *Hawkeye* | Tomas | 6 episodes | |
| 2022 | *Night Sky* | Cornelius | 4 episodes | |
| 2024 | *Go Ahead, Brother* |  |  | |
||

## Awards and nominations

He was awarded Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis (2014).

1. "Piotr Adamczyk". *filmpolski.pl* (in Polish).
2. "Piotr Adamczyk". *imdb.com*.
3. "Największe gwiazdy polskiego kina na przyznaniu medali "Zasłużony Kulturze"". *Party.pl* (in Polish). 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2021-12-26.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Piotr Adamczyk | |
| --- | --- |
| Adamczyk in 2012 | |
| Born | Piotr Aleksander Adamczyk
(1972-03-21) March 21, 1972
Warsaw, Poland |
| Education | National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw |
| Occupation(s) | film actor, stage actor |
| Years active | 1991–present |


title: Pine Line Trail

abstract: The Pine Line Trail, also known as Price-Taylor Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail-trail in Taylor and Price Counties in north-central Wisconsin. It is 26.2 miles long, running from farm country around Medford on the south end across the terminal moraine left by the last glacier in the area, passing hills, lakes and swamps, almost reaching Prentice.

text:
# Pine Line Trail

The **Pine Line Trail**, also known as *Price-Taylor Rail Trail*, is a multi-use rail-trail in Taylor and Price Counties in north-central Wisconsin. It is 26.2 miles long, running from farm country around Medford on the south end across the terminal moraine left by the last glacier in the area, passing hills, lakes and swamps, almost reaching Prentice.

## History

Starting in 1876 the site of the trail was a rail line used by the Wisconsin Central Railroad to ship eastern white pine, among other commodities. After the original timber was logged, the railroad continued to haul passengers and supplies to and from the little towns along its route. But with the proliferation of cars and trucks, even that business dwindled, and in 1988 the trains stopped running on this stretch. The following year, some local residents negotiated an agreement with the railroad to use the right-of-way and road bed as a multi-use recreational trail - the Pine Line. In the hundred years since logging started, pines have regrown to line the trail, accounting for the trail's name.

## Description

The trail is 26.2 miles (42.2 km) long and generally follows a north–south path along  WIS 13. The trail's southern terminus is at Medford, Wisconsin in Taylor County (45°08′56″N 90°21′11″W / 45.14889°N 90.35306°W / 45.14889; -90.35306), with the trailhead south of Prentice, Wisconsin in Price County (45°30′34″N 90°17′50″W / 45.50944°N 90.29722°W / 45.50944; -90.29722). Along the way it passes the hamlets of Whittlesey, Chelsea, Westboro, and Ogema.

The Pine Line is open for non-motorized use such as bicycling, hiking, and jogging from April 1 through November 30. Snowmobiles and ATVs are allowed on the trail from December 1 through March 31. There are no fees for use.

Annual events are scheduled on the trail such as the Dairyland Marathon and Volksmarsch, which is held on the fourth Saturday of April.

## InfoBox

| Pine Line Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| Heading south from Westboro along Fisher Creek | |
| Length | 26.2 miles |
| Location | Taylor County and Price County, Wisconsin |
| Designation | Rail-trail |
| Trailheads | W. Allman St. and River Dr. (Medford) and Morner Road between SR 13 and Prentice Road (Prentice) |
| Use | ATV, biking (including mountain biking), hiking, horseback riding, snowmobiling |
| Sights | Pines |
| Website | Trail brochure |
| Trail map | |
|  | |


abstract: Pine Level, chartered 1872, is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2010 census, up from 1,313 in 2000. Pine Level is located 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Raleigh, the state capital.

text:
# Pine Level, Johnston County, North Carolina

**Pine Level**, chartered 1872, is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,700 at the 2010 census, up from 1,313 in 2000. Pine Level is located 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Raleigh, the state capital.

## Geography

Pine Level is in eastern Johnston County. U.S. Route 70 Alternate runs through the south side of the town, leading west 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to Interstate 95 and southeast 6 miles (10 km) to Princeton. Selma is 3 miles (5 km) to the northwest, and Smithfield, the Johnston county seat, is 6 miles (10 km) to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Pine Level has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.2 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 219 |  |  |
| 1890 | 264 |  | 20.5% |
| 1900 | 266 |  | 0.8% |
| 1910 | 394 |  | 48.1% |
| 1920 | 373 |  | −5.3% |
| 1930 | 497 |  | 33.2% |
| 1940 | 595 |  | 19.7% |
| 1950 | 602 |  | 1.2% |
| 1960 | 833 |  | 38.4% |
| 1970 | 983 |  | 18.0% |
| 1980 | 953 |  | −3.1% |
| 1990 | 1,217 |  | 27.7% |
| 2000 | 1,313 |  | 7.9% |
| 2010 | 1,700 |  | 29.5% |
| 2020 | 2,046 |  | 20.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,313 people, 592 households, and 374 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,239.1 inhabitants per square mile (478.4/km2). There were 652 housing units at an average density of 615.3 per square mile (237.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 88.12% White, 8.53% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 2.74% from other races, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.97% of the population.

There were 592 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $40,227. Males had a median income of $31,033 versus $22,222 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,384. About 9.9% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over. The Town and surrounding Township has been noted for having more millionaires per capita than any town or township in the United States of America.

## Education

* Pine Level Elementary School

## History

In 1963, Floyd G. Hinnant, Postmaster of Pine Level, wrote down his history of Pine Level:

> In the days of slow transportation this little town, the third oldest in Johnston County, was a trading center for the pioneer turpentine prospectors and merchants who were obligated to feed the workers who followed those who were setting up turpentine distilleries. In 1868 two brothers, Daniel Thomas Oliver and William Berry Oliver migrated from Robinson County in the interest of turpentine, setting up a distillery. Finding the natural setting of pine trees applicable to their need and in a fairly level country, the town found its name, Pine Level.
>
> Some records say Gaston Britt and Bryant Hinnant were merchants at the time the Oliver boys landed. They, too, built two separate stores with supplies for the workers. The D. T. Oliver Store is no longer doing business but the original building is still standing and is used as a workshop by a great grandson. The William Berry Store was purchased by the only surviving son, the late D. B. Oliver, in 1900 and is still in operation by his four sons. The Southern Railroad running through the pine tree growth enabled the turpentine dealers to dispose of the turpentine by the railroad placing a train stop in town. Then a place for a post office was arranged with Mr. Thomas Hinnant being the first recorded post master in 1886. Happy were the people when the Post Office Dept. in Washington, D. C. gave the south the free mail delivery service. Pine Level has an up-to-date post office with efficient service rendered.
>
> During the early nineteen hundreds many more settlers moved into our little town and at this time we have one of the most progressive rural sections in the state. Pine Level has a population of nearly 1,000. It has a bank, oil mill, modern cotton gin, mercantile businesses which service the farmers of a large area, five churches, two civic clubs, a veteran's organization and a fine volunteer fire department. Work is now progressing on a modern water system to keep pace with the rapidly growing town.

## Notable people

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pine Level, Johnston County, North Carolina
3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Pine Level town, North Carolina". *American Factfinder*. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
6. Hinnant, Floyd G. Pine Level, North Carolina. 1963.

## InfoBox

| Pine Level, North Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Pine Level, North Carolina | |
| Coordinates: 35°30′12″N 78°14′55″W / 35.50333°N 78.24861°W / 35.50333; -78.24861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Johnston |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Jeff Holt |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.79 sq mi (4.63 km2) |
| Land | 1.79 sq mi (4.63 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 164 ft (50 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,046 |
| Density | 1,145.58/sq mi (442.29/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 27568 |
| Area code | 919 |
| FIPS code | 37-52020 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2407117 |
| Website | www.pinelevel.org |


title: Pine Log Creek

abstract: Pine Log Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia It begins in Cherokee County, flows northwesterly through Bartow County, and then ends in Gordon County as a tributary of Salacoa Creek. Little Pine Log Creek is a tributary that joins it in Gordon County. Pine Log Creek was named after the pine foot log at a Cherokee village along its course.

text:
# Pine Log Creek

**Pine Log Creek** is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia It begins in Cherokee County, flows northwesterly through Bartow County, and then ends in Gordon County as a tributary of Salacoa Creek. Little Pine Log Creek is a tributary that joins it in Gordon County.

Pine Log Creek was named after the pine foot log at a Cherokee village along its course.

## InfoBox

| Pine Log Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| County | Cherokee, Bartow, and Gordon |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | near Pine Log Mountain |
| location | Cherokee County, Georgia |
| coordinates | 34°21′10.33″N 84°36′10.75″W / 34.3528694°N 84.6029861°W / 34.3528694; -84.6029861 |
| elevation | 643 ft (196 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Salacoa Creek |
| location | Gordon County, Georgia |
| coordinates | 34°30′12.32″N 84°48′8.78″W / 34.5034222°N 84.8024389°W / 34.5034222; -84.8024389 |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Little Pine Log Creek |


title: Pipphalivana

abstract: Pipphalivana was the capital of the Moriya republic, a gana- sangha of the Mahajanapada period. The 7th century CE Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang later referred to it by the name of Nyagrodhavana. Buddhist texts like the Dīgha Nikāya and Buddhavaṃsa suggest that Pipphalivana was the chief town and capital of the Moriyas.

text:
# Pipphalivana

**Pipphalivana** was the capital of the Moriya republic, a gana- sangha of the Mahajanapada period. The 7th century CE Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang later referred to it by the name of Nyagrodhavana.

Buddhist texts like the *Dīgha Nikāya* and Buddhavaṃsa suggest that Pipphalivana was the chief town and capital of the Moriyas.

## Location

Some say that Pipphalivana probably lay between Rummindei (Lumbini) in the Terai region of Nepal and Kasia in the modern-day Gorakhpur district. The town is identified with Nyagrodhavana (banyan grove), a village in Gorakhpur district which contained the famous Embers' *stupa* and was mentioned by Hiuen Tsang. Fa-Hien tells us that the stupa lay four *yojanas* to the east of the river Anoma and twelve *yojanas* to the west of Kusinara.

## Etymology

A tradition explains that the Moriyas took refuge in a *pipphalivana* (grove of pepper trees) and founded the city *Moriyanagara* there. The queen of *Moriyanagara* gave birth to Chandragupta, who was then raised by a herdsman and a hunter.

## Bibliography


title: Pipeclay triangle

abstract: A pipeclay triangle is a piece of laboratory apparatus that is used to support a crucible being heated by a Bunsen burner or other heat source. It is made of wires strung in an equilateral triangle on which are strung hollow ceramic, normally fire clay, tubes. The triangle is usually supported on a tripod or iron ring. Unlike wire gauze, which primarily supports glassware such as beakers, flasks, or evaporating dishes and provides indirect heat transfer to the glassware, the pipeclay triangle normally supports a crucible and allows the flame to heat the crucible directly. The triangular shape allows rounded crucibles of various sizes to rest in a stable way.

text:
# Pipeclay triangle

A **pipeclay triangle** is a piece of laboratory apparatus that is used to support a crucible being heated by a Bunsen burner or other heat source. It is made of wires strung in an equilateral triangle on which are strung hollow ceramic, normally fire clay, tubes. The triangle is usually supported on a tripod or iron ring. Unlike wire gauze, which primarily supports glassware such as beakers, flasks, or evaporating dishes and provides indirect heat transfer to the glassware, the pipeclay triangle normally supports a crucible and allows the flame to heat the crucible directly. The triangular shape allows rounded crucibles of various sizes to rest in a stable way.

## InfoBox

Pipeclay triangle
| Other names | Pipestem triangle |
| --- | --- |
| Related items | Wire gauze |


title: Pipe the Whiskers

abstract: Pipe the Whiskers is a 1918 short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd.

text:
# Pipe the Whiskers

***Pipe the Whiskers*** is a 1918 short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Pipe the Whiskers | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Alfred J. Goulding |
| Produced by | Hal Roach |
| Starring | Harold Lloyd |
| Release date | * April 14, 1918 (1918-04-14) |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent<br>English intertitles |


title: Pingasa subviridis

abstract: Pingasa subviridis is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by William Warren in 1896. It is found in India on Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. The habitat consists of forested lowland areas up to 1,930 meters.

text:
# Pingasa subviridis

***Pingasa subviridis*** is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by William Warren in 1896. It is found in India on Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. The habitat consists of forested lowland areas up to 1,930 meters.

## InfoBox

| *Pingasa subviridis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pingasa* |
| Species: | ***P. subviridis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pingasa subviridis***<br>Warren, 1896 | |
|


title: Pingasa ultrata

abstract: Pingasa ultrata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Claude Herbulot in 1966. It is found on the Comoros in the Indian Ocean.

text:
# Pingasa ultrata

***Pingasa ultrata*** is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Claude Herbulot in 1966. It is found on the Comoros in the Indian Ocean.

## InfoBox

| *Pingasa ultrata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pingasa* |
| Species: | ***P. ultrata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pingasa ultrata***<br>Herbulot, 1966 | |
|


title: John Rankin House (Ripley, Ohio)

abstract: The John Rankin House is a historic house museum at 6152 Rankin Hill Road in Ripley, Ohio. Built in 1828, it was home to Presbyterian abolitionist John Rankin, and was one of the original stops on the Underground Railroad. Harriet Beecher Stowe's visit to Rankin provided some of the story that became Uncle Tom's Cabin. The house was acquired by the State of Ohio in 1938 and is now operated by the Ohio History Connection and opened for tours. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.

text:
# John Rankin House (Ripley, Ohio)

The **John Rankin House** is a historic house museum at 6152 Rankin Hill Road in Ripley, Ohio. Built in 1828, it was home to Presbyterian abolitionist John Rankin, and was one of the original stops on the Underground Railroad. Harriet Beecher Stowe's visit to Rankin provided some of the story that became *Uncle Tom's Cabin*. The house was acquired by the State of Ohio in 1938 and is now operated by the Ohio History Connection and opened for tours. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.

## Description and history

The John Rankin House occupies a prominent position on a hill overlooking the town of Ripley and the Ohio River. It is set on about 20 acres (8.1 ha), accessed via a drive and visitors center off Rankin Hill Road (County Road 556). The house is a modest 1+12-story brick structure, with a side-facing gabled roof. The main facade is three bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by sash windows in rectangular openings. The entry is sheltered by a portico with a shallow-pitch gable roof and square posts. The interior follows a typical center hall plan, with four rooms on the ground floor and two small bedrooms in the attic level. The interior retains original features and finishes, including wide floor boards and carved fireplace surrounds.

The house was built in 1828 by the abolitionist Presbyterian minister John Rankin, and it is where he raised a large family. It also became a significant stopping point for fugitive slaves who had crossed the river from Kentucky, a slave state, often under guidance from a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. Rankin is estimated to have assisted in securing the freedom of more than 2,000 slaves, often at great personal risk. The house was often under surveillance by slave catchers, and some slave owners had placed a price on his head. The Rankins sold the house after the American Civil War, and it was purchased by the state in 1938 for use as a historic site.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| John Rankin House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 6152 Rankin Hill Rd., Ripley, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 38°45′4″N 83°50′32″W / 38.75111°N 83.84222°W / 38.75111; -83.84222 |
| Area | 20 acres (8.1 ha) |
| Built | 1828 (1828) |
| NRHP reference No. | 70000485 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 10, 1970 |
| Designated NHL | February 18, 1997 |


title: John Ling

abstract: John de Courcy Ling CBE was a British diplomat, farmer, politician and writer. His Roman Catholic faith contributed to making him a strong internationalist who believed in overseas aid.

text:
# John Ling

**John de Courcy Ling** CBE (14 October 1933  10 November 2005) was a British diplomat, farmer, politician and writer. His Roman Catholic faith contributed to making him a strong internationalist who believed in overseas aid.

## Family and personal life

Born in Warwickshire, Ling was the son of Arthur Norman Ling, of Warwick, and of Veronica de Courcy, of Painestown, County Kildare, and was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham followed by Clare College, Cambridge where he received his BA degree in 1955. Although Cambridge graduates are entitled to proceed to the degree of Master of Arts after passing nine terms, he did not collect his MA until 1981. He married the half-Canadian Jennifer Rosemary Haynes in 1959; the couple had a son (Adam) and three daughters (Julia, Tricia and Kate).

## Early career

Ling served his National Service as a second lieutenant in the Royal Ulster Rifles from 1956, and served as a lieutenant on active service in Cyprus from 1957 to 1958. On being demobilised he entered the Diplomatic Service and was the resident Deputy Middle Eastern Secretary at the Foreign Office in 1959. Following the usual Diplomatic Service practice of alternating postings in Whitehall with those in foreign embassies, he was private secretary to Ministers of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Harlech and Joseph Godber from 1961 to 1963, and then Second Secretary at the embassy in Santiago from 1963 to 1966.

## Senior diplomatic posts

Promoted to First Secretary at the Nairobi embassy in 1966, Ling served three years before returning to the Rhodesia Department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1969. He transferred to the American Department in 1970 and became Assistant Head of the West African Department in 1971. His final postings were as chargé d'affaires at Chad in 1973, and then as Counsellor in Paris from 1974 to 1977. During this time he also became involved in managing farms at Henley and later a farm he inherited from his mother at Painestown.

## Political involvement

Following his resignation from the Diplomatic Service, Ling entered politics as a Conservative. His experience in Paris and with the Foreign Office had made him a pro-European and he was elected as a Member of the European Parliament for Midlands Central in 1979. He served as Chief Whip for the Conservative Group for four years and chaired the EU Parliamentary Delegation to Israel from 1979 to 1983. He was vice-chairman of the Development Aid Committee from 1984 until 1987. He was defeated in the 1989 elections by Christine Oddy.

Ling had previously served as a Member of the Council of Lloyd's of London from 1986 to 1988, and continued to be a member of the Catholic Bishops' Committee on Europe (to which he had been appointed in 1983) until 2001. He wrote for publications such as *The Tablet* and the *Sunday Times*, as well as books on the decline of empire and African famine. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990.

## Sources


title: Pine Creek, Wisconsin

abstract: Pine Creek is an unincorporated community located in the town of Dodge, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, United States. Pine Creek is located on Pine Creek and County Highway G 9.6 miles (15.4 km) west-northwest of Galesville.

text:
# Pine Creek, Wisconsin

**Pine Creek** is an unincorporated community located in the town of Dodge, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, United States. Pine Creek is located on Pine Creek and County Highway G 9.6 miles (15.4 km) west-northwest of Galesville.

## History of Pine Creek

Early in the 1860s, Kaszubian Polish and Bohemian immigrants living in Winona, Minnesota began buying land across the Mississippi River in Trempealeau County. The Pine Creek area was ideal because of its thick black soil and its advantageous proximity to Winona's markets and services. The precise date of Pine Creek's establishment remains problematic but most accounts give 1862, which is also the year that Sacred Heart-Saint Wenceslaus Church was founded. Once the parish was formally established as part of the then-Roman Catholic Diocese of Milwaukee, a small community grew up around the church, including two or three taverns, a dance hall, and a general store. Although important in the history of the Kashubian diaspora, Pine Creek never became more than a small community due to the growth of the nearby town of Dodge, Wisconsin.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Pine Creek, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Pine Creek runs through town | |
| Pine Creek, WisconsinPine Creek, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 44°08′04″N 91°31′37″W / 44.13444°N 91.52694°W / 44.13444; -91.52694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Trempealeau |
| Elevation | 234 m (768 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 608 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1571425 |


title: Pinus ayacahuite

abstract: Pinus ayacahuite, also called ayacahuite pine and Mexican white pine, is a species of pine native to the mountains of southern Mexico and western Central America, in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountains and the eastern end of the Eje Volcánico Transversal, between 14° and 21°N latitude in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz and Chiapas, and in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. It grows on relatively moist areas with summer rainfalls, however specimens from its eastern and southern distribution live under really wet conditions; it needs full sun and well drained soils. Its temperature needs fluctuate between 19 and 10 °C on average a year. This tree accepts from subtropical to cool climate. Pinus ayacahuite is a large tree, regularly growing to 30–45 m and exceptionally up to 50 m tall. It is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath. The needles are finely serrated, and 9–16 cm long. The cones are long and slender, 15–40 cm long and 4–6 cm broad (closed), opening to 6–10 cm broad; the scales are thin and flexible. The seeds are small, 6–8 mm long, and have a long slender wing 18–25 mm long. It is moderately susceptible to white pine blister rust, but in cultivation has proved somewhat less susceptible than most other American white pines.

text:
# Pinus ayacahuite

***Pinus ayacahuite***, also called **ayacahuite pine** and **Mexican white pine**, (family Pinaceae) is a species of pine native to the mountains of southern Mexico and western Central America, in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountains and the eastern end of the Eje Volcánico Transversal, between 14° and 21°N latitude in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz and Chiapas, and in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. It grows on relatively moist areas with summer rainfalls, however specimens from its eastern and southern distribution live under really wet conditions; it needs full sun and well drained soils. Its temperature needs fluctuate between 19 and 10 °C on average a year. This tree accepts from subtropical to cool climate.

*Pinus ayacahuite* is a large tree, regularly growing to 30–45 m and exceptionally up to 50 m tall. It is a member of the white pine group, *Pinus* subgenus *Strobus*, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath. The needles are finely serrated, and 9–16 cm long. The cones are long and slender, 15–40 cm long and 4–6 cm broad (closed), opening to 6–10 cm broad; the scales are thin and flexible. The seeds are small, 6–8 mm long, and have a long slender wing 18–25 mm long.

It is moderately susceptible to white pine blister rust (*Cronartium ribicola*), but in cultivation has proved somewhat less susceptible than most other American white pines (see e.g. western white pine, sugar pine).

## Cultivation and uses

It has been planted with ornamental and commercial purposes for paper industry at different latitudes and altitudes in different parts of the world: In Equatorial and tropical regions- Commercial production: On the high elevations of Kenya, Tanzania and Angola. In temperate subtropical regions- Commercial production: It is planted on the highlands of South Africa. On the highest elevations of Southern Brazil. Northern India. In temperate regions at middle and low altitudes: Argentine provinces of Salta, Tucumán and Córdoba; at 500 to 1500 m above sea level. At low elevations near sea level: Commercial production: Australia (Queensland and New South Wales), New Zealand. As ornamental: It has been successfully planted in the British Isles. The largest tree in Germany (height 2013: 20.5 m) is growing in the arboretum Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen.

Despite its tropical origins (the natural range is entirely south of the Tropic of Cancer), it is surprisingly tolerant of cold, having survived temperatures down to nearly -30 °C in cultivation in Scotland and Pennsylvania, United States. It is grown as an ornamental tree in parks for its attractive foliage and very long cones, among the longest that can be grown in many temperate areas.

The wood is valuable, used for general indoor construction work.

* Dvorak, W. S., G. R. Hodge, E. A. Gutiérrez, L. F. Osorio, F. S. Malan and T. K. Stanger. 2000. Pinus tecunumanii. In: Conservation and Testing of Tropical and Subtropical Forest Species by the CAMCORE Cooperative. College of Natural Resources, NCSU. Raleigh, NC. USA.
* Richardson D.M. (Ed) 2005. Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Department of Conservation. South Island Wilding Conifer Strategy. New Zealand.
* Chandler, N.G. Pulpwood plantations in South Africa. Proc. Aust. Paper Indus. Tech. Ass.

## InfoBox

| *Pinus ayacahuite* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | *Pinus* |
| Subgenus: | *P.* subg. *Strobus* |
| Section: | *P. sect. Quinquefoliae* |
| Subsection: | *P. subsect. Strobus* |
| Species: | ***P. ayacahuite*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pinus ayacahuite***
Ehrenb. ex Schltdl. | |
|
|  | |
| Natural range of *Pinus ayacahuite* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pinus veitchii* | |


title: John Segrave, 2nd Baron Segrave

abstract: John Segrave, 2nd Baron Segrave was an English commander in the First War of Scottish Independence. Segrave commanded the English in the battles of Roslin and Happrew. He also was involved with the execution of William Wallace, and was the one who carried his quarters to their destinations in Scotland. He died a wealthy man.

text:
# John Segrave, 2nd Baron Segrave

**John Segrave, 2nd Baron Segrave** (c. 1256 – 1325) was an English commander in the First War of Scottish Independence.

Segrave commanded the English in the battles of Roslin and Happrew. He also was involved with the execution of William Wallace, and was the one who carried his quarters to their destinations in Scotland. He died a wealthy man.

## Early life

Born 20 July, about 1256 (aged 39 in 1295), he was the son and heir of Nicholas de Segrave, 1st Baron Segrave, and his wife Maud, daughter of Geoffrey de Lucy, Knt., of Newington, Kent, Cublington, Buckinghamshire, Dallington and Slapton, Northamptonshire, etc., by his wife, Nichole. In 1270 John married Christian, daughter of Sir Hugh de Plescy (son of John du Plessis, 7th Earl of Warwick), Knt., of Hook Norton, Headington, and Kidlington, Oxfordshire, Stottesden, Shropshire, Kidderminster, Worcestershire, etc., by his 1st wife, Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of John Biset. Christian's maritagium included the manor of Stottesdon, Shropshire. At the same time, his sister Amabel married Hugh's son, John de Plescy. After his father-in-law's death, John de Segrave had custody of his lands during the minority of his heir.

## Under Edward I

In 1277 and 1282 Segrave served in the two major campaigns against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales. In October 1287 he went to Ireland, nominating proctors to represent him for one year. On 6 August 1291 he received at Berwick letters of protection for one year on staying in Scotland on the king's service. He was then for a time constantly employed in the wars against the Scots.

On the death of his father in 1295 Segrave, then 39, entered as heir into the possession of his property. He was first summoned to the Bury parliament of November 1296, and was then regularly summoned until his death. On 14 January 1297 Segrave was one of the magnates attending the Hilarytide parliament at York, with the intention of proceeding against the Scots, but the expedition was postponed.

### Opposition leader and Scottish campaigns

Segrave attached himself to one of the leaders of the growing baronial opposition to the king, in 1297 making an indenture with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, by which he covenanted to serve the earl, with five other knights. In return he obtained a grant of the earl's manor of Lodene in Norfolk.

During the crisis of 1297 Segrave was summoned on 1 July to appear in London to attend the king beyond sea, but he appeared as proxy for the Earl Marshal Bigod, who pleaded sickness.

Segrave, however, on 28 December 1297 received letters of protection for himself and his followers, on their proceeding to Scotland on the king's service, and he subsequently fought in the Falkirk campaign. In 1299 he was again summoned to fight against the Scots. In 1300 he was once more in Scotland, taking a conspicuous part at the siege of Caerlaverock, representing Bigod in this campaign also. In 1301 Segrave attended the parliament at Lincoln and was one of the signatories of the letter of the barons to the pope, dated 12 February. On 5 August 1302 he was appointed to the custody of Berwick Castle of Berwick-on-Tweed. On 29 September he was ordered to make a foray into Scotland as far as Stirling and Kirkintilloch. After November the truce with the Scots ended, and Segrave was entrusted with the custody of Scotland.

On the first Sunday in Lent 1303 Segrave, with his followers dispersed, was suddenly attacked when near Edinburgh by some Scots in ambush, severely wounded, and taken prisoner with twenty other knights. He was, however, subsequently recaptured by the other portions of his army who had escaped the earlier surprise. Segrave continued in Scotland after Edward I arrived to prosecute the war in person. He was present at the siege of Stirling Castle, which surrendered on 24 July 1304, and, on the departure of Edward, was appointed justice and captain in Scotland south of the River Forth.

Serious resistance to Edward now seemed over, and Segrave's main business was to administer the conquered districts and to track down William Wallace, who still held out. In March 1304 Segrave defeated Wallace in one of his last attempts at resistance. Next summer Wallace was handed over to Segrave, by John de Menteith, and would personally escort his prisoner to London, reaching the city on 22 August 1305. Before this Edward had on 18 August put Segrave at the head of the special commission appointed to try Wallace. He remained responsible for Wallace's custody during his imprisonment in London, and on 23 August pronounced the sentence of treason against him. After Wallace's death, Segrave took his quartered remains back to Scotland to be displayed at Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling and Perth. On 25 October 1305, he received his salary, this perhaps being the date of his ceasing to act as warden of Scotland. In 1306 he was again summoned to Carlisle to share in Edward I's invasion of Scotland.

## Under Edward II

Under Edward II Segrave received numerous offices. In the early months of the new reign he became justice of the forests beyond the River Trent, and constable of Nottingham Castle. On 10 March 1309 he was appointed warden of Scotland, with a following of sixty men at arms, and on 10 April 1310 the appointment was renewed. Scotland was now rapidly falling into the hands of Robert Bruce, Segrave's work was mostly preserve the English frontier: he is, in fact, described by a border chronicler as warden of the marches on the side of Berwick. But a continued truce from November 1309 to the summer of 1310 restricted Segrave's efforts.

Segrave adhered to the barons during the struggle against Piers Gaveston, and as a result his offices of constable of Nottingham and justice of the forests beyond Trent were on 1 October 1310 transferred by the king to Gaveston himself. Both grants were renewed to Gaveston two months before his execution. On 4 September 1312, soon after Gaveston's death, Segrave received the office of keeper of the forests on this side Trent. In 1314 he took part in the great expedition against Scotland, and on 24 June fought at the battle of Bannockburn. After the English defeat he fled towards Carlisle, and took refuge with others in Bothwell Castle; but the sheriff, who held the castle, changed sides, and handed over the fugitives as prisoners.

Segrave was kept in Scotland until the end of 1314, when he was released in exchange for some Scottish prisoners and on payment of a large ransom; his son Stephen arranged the conditions of the exchange. He still held his keepership and the custody of Nottingham Castle, to which Derby Castle was now added. On 14 July 1316 he received a grant of £1,000 in aid of his ransom from the Scots and for other losses in the king's service, sums due to the crown being deducted from the gross sum. He was one of the continual council, appointed at the reconciliation between Edward II and Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster in 1318, to be perpetually about the king. On 30 November 1321 he was one of those ordered to raise the local levies on the king's behalf in Warwickshire, Leicestershire and Staffordshire.

## Death

On 16 July 1324 Segrave was appointed Seneschal of Gascony and with Fulk FitzWarin, was captain of the troops going to Gascony, serving under Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent. The next year he died in Aquitaine, aged nearly 70 years old. The extent of the Segrave territories and influence had been much widened during his lifetime. His father's estates were nearly confined to the central midland counties, but he also acquired territory in Norfolk, Oxfordshire, Huntingdonshire and other shires. In 1301 he had licence to crenellate his house at Bretby, Derbyshire, and in 1306 to fortify his manor-house at Caludon, Warwickshire, with a moat and embattelled wall.

## Family

Segrave's eldest son, Sir Stephen de Segrave, died shortly after him in 1325. His second son, John, described by 1312 as John de Segrave the younger, married Juliana, daughter and heiress of John de Sandwich, lord of Folkestone, and died in 1349, leaving an infant daughter and heiress named Mary.

John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, son of Stephen, succeeded to the title and estates. He served in Edward III's French wars, and married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk. This John was the last of the Segraves summoned to parliament.

## Coat of arms

His coat of arms—*sable a lion rampant argent crowned or* (inherited from his father)—appears on the following rolls of arms which verify his presence on the Scottish campaigns mentioned above: The Falkirk Roll (together with his brother Nicholas, who bore the same arms differenced by: *overall a label of three pendants gules*); The Caerlaverock Poem (again with Nicholas); and The Stirling Roll (with brothers Henry, Nicholas and Simon, and son Stephen). Of course, his brothers and son all have differenced arms.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Segrave, John de". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

## InfoBox

| John Segrave, 2nd Baron Segrave | |
| --- | --- |
| Arms of Segrave | |
| Born | (1256-07-20)20 July 1256
Seagrave, Leicestershire |
| Died | (1325-09-01)1 September 1325
Chacombe Priory, Northamptonshire |
| Spouse(s) | Maud de Swynnerton (1255–1275)
Christian de Plessis (1257–1331) |
| Issue | Stephen, 3rd Baron Segrave,
Eleanor,
John the younger |
| Father | Nicholas de Segrave, 1st Baron Segrave |
| Mother | Matilda de Lucy |


title: John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave

abstract:
John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave was an English peer and landowner in Leicestershire and Yorkshire. His family title of Baron Segrave is drawn from a village now spelled Seagrave, which uses a coat of arms imitated from that of the family. Segrave was the son of Stephen Segrave, 3rd Baron Segrave and Alice Fitzalan. Little is known of his early life. About 1335, Segrave married Margaret of Brotherton, daughter and eventual sole heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, son of King Edward I of England by his second wife, Margaret of France. Their children were:
  - John Segrave, who died young.
  - John Segrave, a second son of the name, who was contracted to marry Blanche of Lancaster, younger daughter and coheiress of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. However, the contract was later declared void. About 1349, a double marriage was solemnised in which John married Blanche Mowbray, while John's sister, Elizabeth Segrave, married Blanche's brother, John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, Pope Clement VI having granted dispensations for the marriages at the request of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, in order to prevent 'disputes between the parents', who were neighbours.
  - Elizabeth Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave suo jure, who married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray.
  - Margaret Segrave, who died young, before 1353. A year after Segrave's marriage to Margaret of Brotherton, his wife inherited her father's title and estates, becoming in her own right Countess of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England. In 1350, Segrave's wife, Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, sought an annulment, arguing that they had been contracted in marriage before Margaret was of age, and that she had never consented to the marriage. The impetus for this was that Margaret wished to marry Lord Manny, with whom she had an understanding. However, Segrave died at Bretby in Repton, Derbyshire, on 1 April 1353, before the annulment had been granted or refused. He was succeeded in the barony by his daughter, Elizabeth, 5th Baroness Segrave.

text:
# John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave

**John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave** (4 May 1315 – 1 April 1353) was an English peer and landowner in Leicestershire and Yorkshire. His family title of Baron Segrave is drawn from a village now spelled Seagrave, which uses a coat of arms imitated from that of the family.

Segrave was the son of Stephen Segrave, 3rd Baron Segrave and Alice Fitzalan. Little is known of his early life.

About 1335, Segrave married Margaret of Brotherton, daughter and eventual sole heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, son of King Edward I of England by his second wife, Margaret of France. Their children were:

A year after Segrave's marriage to Margaret of Brotherton, his wife inherited her father's title and estates, becoming in her own right Countess of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England.

In 1350, Segrave's wife, Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, sought an annulment, arguing that they had been contracted in marriage before Margaret was of age, and that she had never consented to the marriage. The impetus for this was that Margaret wished to marry Lord Manny, with whom she had an understanding. However, Segrave died at Bretby in Repton, Derbyshire, on 1 April 1353, before the annulment had been granted or refused. He was succeeded in the barony by his daughter, Elizabeth, 5th Baroness Segrave.

* Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "Mowbray, John (III), fourth Lord Mowbray (1340–1368)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19452. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c.1320–1399)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Cokayne, George Edward (1936). *The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden*. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 380–5.
* Cokayne, George Edward (1949). *The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White*. Vol. XI. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 609–10.
* Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). *Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families*. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966393.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). *Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families*. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## InfoBox

| John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave | |
| --- | --- |
| Arms of Segrave. | |
| Born | 4 May 1315 |
| Died | (1353-04-01)1 April 1353
Repton, Derbyshire |
| Buried | Grey Friars, London |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret of Brotherton, Duchess of Norfolk |
| Issue | John de Segrave
Elizabeth Segrave, Baroness Mowbray
Margaret Segrave |
| Father | Stephen Segrave, 3rd Baron Segrave |
| Mother | Alice FitzAlan |


title: John Segrue

abstract: John Chrysostom Segrue, also reporting under his initials as J. C. Segrue, was an English journalist. He worked as foreign correspondent for the News Chronicle and its predecessor, The Daily News, for almost 30 years, reporting on current events throughout continental Europe. Expelled from Berlin and Vienna for his critical reporting of the Nazis and his condemnation of their persecution of the Jews, Segrue was named in the Sonderfahndungsliste G.B., commonly referred to as ‘The Black Book,’ a list of people whom the SS had marked down for immediate arrest in the event of the Germans’ successfully completing the invasion of Britain. He was captured in 1941, whilst escaping from Belgrade during the German invasion of Yugoslavia, and interned in a German prisoner-of-war camp, where he died as a result of tuberculosis in 1942. He was later honoured by the Guild of Jewish Journalists for "alerting the world, through his dispatches, to the true evil of Nazi philosophy."

text:
# John Segrue

**John Chrysostom Segrue** (17 January 1884 - 11 September 1942), also reporting under his initials as **J. C. Segrue**, was an English journalist. He worked as foreign correspondent for the *News Chronicle* and its predecessor, *The Daily News*, for almost 30 years, reporting on current events throughout continental Europe. Expelled from Berlin and Vienna for his critical reporting of the Nazis and his condemnation of their persecution of the Jews, Segrue was named in the Sonderfahndungsliste G.B., commonly referred to as ‘The Black Book,’ a list of people whom the SS had marked down for immediate arrest in the event of the Germans’ successfully completing the invasion of Britain. He was captured in 1941, whilst escaping from Belgrade during the German invasion of Yugoslavia, and interned in a German prisoner-of-war camp, where he died as a result of tuberculosis in 1942. He was later honoured by the Guild of Jewish Journalists for "alerting the world, through his dispatches, to the true evil of Nazi philosophy."

## Early life

Segrue was born on 17 January 1884 in Liverpool, Lancashire, to Irish parents, John Timothy Segrue and Susan Segrue (née Grannell). His father, who was born in County Kerry, was a financial publicity consultant, director of the City News Agency and former journalist who was, for many years, associated with T. P. O'Connor in his newspaper enterprises. Segrue was educated at the independent St. Edmund’s College in Ware, Hertfordshire.

## Early career

After a stint as sub-editor on *The Universe*, - Segrue’s father had, at one point, run the *Catholic Weekly*, which was later incorporated into *The Universe* – Segrue joined the *Manchester Courier* in 1907, working as a reporter under Nicol Dunn.

In 1910, prior to the outbreak of World War I, Segrue relocated to the *Daily News*, proving himself as an extremely competent journalist and working his way up the ranks to become one of the paper’s principal war correspondents. He became proficient in French and German and, later, in response to his broadening journalistic horizons, Italian and Russian. He would later use his German knowledge to provide the English translation of Kurt Schuschnigg’s book, *Farewell Austria*.

He represented the paper from bases in Vienna, Berlin and Paris, finding himself in Switzerland at the time of the Armistice. Travelling into Bavaria before continuing onward to Berlin, he was the first British correspondent to enter Germany after the cessation of hostilities in late 1918. He had sharply denounced the Allies' Blockade of Germany, labelling it a tragedy, which had resulted in the starvation of children. He also managed to secure an interview with Karl Kautsky, who had been commissioned to find documents that proved the war guilt of Imperial Germany.

From 1918 into the 1920s, Segrue continued to report on current events in an ever-changing and politically unstable Europe, spending several years as the *Daily News*’ Berlin correspondent. During the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, he was among the first journalists to meet military dictator Wolfgang Kapp and fearlessly pepper him with questions so much that a German colleague was reminded of a "true cross-examination" like in a court of law.

He also expanded his coverage into Russia, which was, by that time, undergoing a radical transformation into a socialist state. A 1920 request for comment from Segrue to Vladimir Lenin, on the matter of certain socialists, who had visited Soviet Russia, publishing anti-Soviet articles, elicited a prompt response from the Russian head of government himself, which, along with Segrue’s original telegraphic inquiry, was published in *Pravda*, the official publication of the Communist Party. Segrue, who was noted as one of the first reporters to enter Communist Russia, would become well acquainted with the country, undertaking a tour in autumn 1921, during which time he interviewed Russian writer and political activist Maxim Gorky. His coverage of Premier Lenin’s funeral, on 27 January 1924, was the only first-hand account to be published in London on the day following the event. His article received critical acclaim and was regarded as one of the best examples of reporting in British newspapers that year.

## Berlin

After spending several years in Paris during the late 1920s, whilst also travelling further afield to Italy and Romania, Segrue returned to Berlin in the early 1930s. In June 1930, Segrue’s paper, *The Daily News*, had merged with the *Daily Chronicle* to create the *News Chronicle*, for whom he continued to report as Berlin correspondent. From his base in the German capital, Segrue began to witness seismic shifts in the political landscape, which he found deeply disturbing. A devout Roman Catholic and passionate liberal, Segrue was becoming increasingly uneasy about the rise of fascism throughout continental Europe, a concern he shared with those closest to him. Despite this, Segrue still held out some hope that the Germans would never propel Adolf Hitler to power. Segrue’s journalistic credentials allowed him to gain intimate access to the future German chancellor and he, along with fellow journalists, including Segrue’s friend Rothay Reynolds, accompanied Hitler on his 1932 electoral campaign tour. The election of 1933 confirmed Segrue’s worst fears, but he continued to report on Germany’s new leader with the honesty for which he was well known - whilst displaying consideration for diplomatic relations - hoping that Hitler’s successful acquisition of the most powerful office in the country would be short-lived.

Into the 1930s, Segrue continued his work as Berlin correspondent, reporting on such current events as the Reichstag Fire Decree of 28 February 1933 (after which he labelled the German government a ‘dictatorship’), Hitler’s actions against the trade unions and the Röhm purge of 30 June to 2 July 1934. During this period, a series of anti-Jewish laws were being passed against the local Jewish population, clamping down on their civil, political and legal rights. Segrue produced several scathing reports on the treatment of Jewish people within Germany, whilst also financially assisting his Jewish friends, who had been stripped of their livelihoods, and making a point of taking on a Jewish girl as secretary, when she would have otherwise been unable to get work.

Segrue’s critical reports from his time in Berlin, which included a 1933 report on the Nazi persecution of the German Jews having catastrophic economic repercussions and a 1935 article in which Segrue reported with optimism that the Nazi regime was being threatened by an increasing German unrest, were in direct conflict with the ruling party’s insistence that journalists only report in a pro-Nazi direction and led to his being expelled from Germany and resettled, by the *News Chronicle*, in Vienna in 1936.

## Vienna and the Incident in Leopoldstadt

Undeterred, Segrue resumed his work as special correspondent from the Austrian capital, but his relative safety in Vienna was short-lived. The annexation of Austria on 13 March 1938 led to Segrue’s once again incurring the wrath of the Nazi party. In his book, *‘First with the Truth: Newspapermen in Action*,’ Egon Larsen recounts the story of the time S.S. officials stormed into Segrue’s room and compelled him to compose a pro-Hitler message to send to the *News Chronicle*, insisting that it be in German (so they could understand exactly what he was writing), whilst threatening him with their weapons. However, they could not force the newspaper to publish Segrue’s coerced message.

The new administration also placed significant pressure upon the British legation in Vienna to intervene, in an attempt to prevent Segrue from publishing more of his highly critical articles. The British official, who was tasked with relaying the message from the Viennese diplomatic office to Segrue, pleaded with him to “tone down his approach because it was embarrassing in 'a delicate situation.'” Segrue refused categorically, ensuring he was within earshot of his son, Tim, who was visiting from boarding school in England. When Segrue’s son, Brian, visited his father, Segrue requested that he accompany an elderly Jewish journalist, Ernst Klein, to the train taking him out of Austria, instructing Brian to speak very loudly in English to Klein in an effort to provide him with some form of protection.

In the spring of 1938, Segrue had the interaction by which he would come to be defined. According to an account provided by an Austrian journalist who witnessed the incident, Segrue had ventured into Leopoldstadt, a Jewish district of Vienna, where he came across S.S. men forcing a large group of Jewish men and women, of all ages, to wash cars. Whilst doing so, the Jews were subjected to vile taunts and acts of physical violence, to the delight of the unruly mob of spectators. An S.S. officer spotted Segrue, who had been observing the incident, and assumed that he must be a Jew, as he had not joined the crowd in celebrating the public humiliation. The officer collared Segrue, thrust a dirty rag into his hands and shouted “There, you damned Jew, get to work and help your fellow swine.” Initially, Segrue complied and helped an exhausted elderly woman to complete her task, before handing back the rag to the S.S. officer. He then presented his passport and declared: “I am not a Jew, but a subject of His Majesty, the King of England.” Turning towards the S.S. commander, he stated: “I could scarcely believe that the stories about your brutality were true. I wanted to see for myself. I have seen. Good day.” Segrue, having confirmed the veracity of rumours circulating about the Nazi regime’s barbarous treatment of the Jews in Vienna, then left the scene, leaving the crowd "awed by the temerity of the frail little Englishman who, before their eyes, had made fools of the terrible S.S." He was once again expelled by the Nazis.

## Internment and death

At the outbreak of World War II, Segrue was in the Balkans. During the early stages of the war, he reported for the *News Chronicle* from Budapest, whilst also travelling extensively within the regions of continental Europe still open to him. In the spring of 1941, Segrue was in Belgrade, reporting on the German invasion of Yugoslavia. He was present during Operation Retribution, the April 1941 German bombing of Belgrade, where David Walker of the *Daily Mirror* saw him calmly writing his dispatch by a blown-out hotel window. Foreign correspondents stationed in Belgrade received urgent messages from their employers, instructing them to flee whilst they still could. Segrue’s paper, the *News Chronicle*, was greatly concerned about his safety, as he had become a prominent enemy of the Reich. As a result of his open defiance and fierce criticism of the Nazis, he had been added to the *Sonderfahndungsliste G.B.*, commonly referred to as ‘The Black Book,’ a list of people whom the SS had marked down for immediate arrest in the event of the Germans’ successfully completing the invasion of Britain. He was listed twice: once by his journalistic nom de plume ‘J.C. Segrue’ and once by the name "Chrisoton \[*sic*\], John Segrue." He was being hunted by Referat IV B4, a sub-department of the "Suppression of Opposition" office Amt IV.

In Belgrade, Segrue was informed that the final escape transport was departing the city, but he refused to leave, insisting that he finish his story first, to the disbelief of the messenger. He instead planned to travel to Budapest in order to reunite with his wife, Eveline. He made his way to Sarajevo, after managing to catch the last train from Belgrade, then attempted to join a British convoy, but he was told that there was no place available for him. He decided to continue his journey to Budapest, travelling via Zagreb, then the capital of Independent State of Croatia, but was captured there by the Germans on his arrival. He was then sent to a German prisoner-of-war camp.

At the time of his imprisonment, Segrue was already nearing 60 and not physically robust. He was interned in Stalag XIII-A, Lower Silesia, where he developed tuberculosis. British doctors endeavoured to save him, and had him transferred to a hospital with better facilities, but his condition was fatal. On 11 September 1942, aged 58, he died in the hospital of Stalag XIII-B, Lamsdorf, Germany. His death was reported in several newspapers of the time, including *The New York Times*. He was buried in Rakowicki Cemetery in Kraków, Poland.

## Legacy

The account of the incident in Leopoldstadt was recorded on a plaque, located in the editorial department of the *News Chronicle*, which commemorated Segrue's years of dedicated service. The plaque would later be handed over to his son, Brian, when the paper ceased publication in 1960.

In 1981, Segrue was posthumously given an award by the Guild of Jewish Journalists. Joe Grizzard, chairman of the Guild, stated that the award was in recognition of "his courage and selflessness in rescuing Jewish lives and alerting the world, through his dispatches, to the true evil of Nazi philosophy.” In his honour, the Guild planted fifty trees in Israel.

## Personal life

Segrue was married to Eveline Baker, a hospital nurse, with whom he had 2 sons, who also entered the journalistic profession. His son Brian (d.1989) was a senior *Sunday Mirror* journalist. Brian's daughter, Sarah, worked for *The Times*.

1. "J. T. Segrue Dead". *Newspaper World*. 1940-08-17.
2. *Who was who among English and European authors, 1931-1949* (3rd ed.). Gale Research Company. 1978. p. 1269. ISBN 0810300400.
3. Cobbett, Walter Willson; Dark, Sidney (1932). *Fleet Street: An Anthology of Modern Journalism*. Eyre & Spottiswoode. p. 50.
4. Glenton, George; Pattinson, William (1963). *The Last Chronicle of Bouverie Street*. Allen & Unwin. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-317-40379-1.
5. Glenton, Pattinson, p. 72.
6. Kennedy, Aubrey Leo (2000). Martell, Gordon (ed.). *The Times and Appeasement: The Journals of A. L. Kennedy, 1932-1939*. Cambridge University Press. p. 230.
7. Oldfield, Sybil (2020). "John Chrysostom Segrue". *The Black Book: The Britons on the Nazi Hit List*. Profile Books. ISBN 9781782836971.
8. Spectator (Ernst Troeltsch) (1920). *Die Geschichte der Berliner Fünftage-Regierung* (in German). Leipzig: Verlag Der Neue Geist. p. 38.
9. *Lenin's Collected Works* (4th ed.). Progress Publishers. 1965. pp. 273–274. Archived from the original on 2022-07-03.
10. Segrue, John (1924-02-15). "NO BREAK-UP IN RUSSIA". *The Daily News (UK)*.
11. "Maxim Gorky". *Liberal Magazine: A Periodical for the Use of Liberal Speakers, Writers and Canvassers*. Vol. 29. 1921.
12. Larsen, Egon (1968). *First with the Truth: Newspapermen in Action*. Roy Publishers. p. 173.
13. Larsen, p. 175.
14. Wainewright, Will (2017). *Reporting on Hitler: Rothay Reynolds and the British Press in Nazi Germany*. Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1785902130.
15. Galbraith, Kylie (2020). *The British Press and Nazi Germany: Reporting from the Reich, 1933-9*. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 41, 60, 107. ISBN 9781350102101.
16. Larsen, p. 177
17. "ENGLISH VOICE GAVE PROTECTION" (PDF). *AJR Information*. **36** (11): 3. 1981. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-07-03  via Association of Jewish Refugees.
18. Glenton, Pattinson, p. 73.
19. Moseley, Ray (2017). "The German Conquest of Greece and Yugoslavia". *Reporting War: How Foreign Correspondents Risked Capture, Torture and Death to Cover World War II*. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300226348.
20. "REPORTER WHO DEFIED SS-MEN" (PDF). *AJR Information*. **36** (10): 3. 1981  via Association of Jewish Refugees.
21. Bouverie, Tim (2019). *Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill and the Road to War*. Random House. pp. 188–189. ISBN 9781473547759.
22. Glenton, Pattinson, p. 74
23. Larsen, p. 178
24. "Hitler's Black Book – information for J. C. Segrue". *Forces War Records*. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
25. "Hitler's Black Book - information for Segrue John Chrisoton". *Forces War Records*. Archived from the original on 2022-07-03. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
26. *Die Sonderfahndungsliste G.B.* (in German). Hoover Institution Library and Archives. p. 137. Archived from the original on 2022-07-03.
27. *UK, Foreign and Overseas Registers of British Subjects*: John Segrue, died 11 Sep 1942, Kgf.-Laz, Lamsdorf
28. Kaczmarek, Adam. "Brytyjskie cmentarze wojenne w Polsce (British war cemeteries in Poland)". *Institute of National Remembrance* (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2019-07-11.
29. "WRITER DIES IN NAZI CAMP; Segrue of London Newspaper Was Seized in Yugoslavia". *The New York Times*. 1942-10-19. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
30. Glenton, Pattinson, p. 38.
31. Glenton, Pattinson, p. 169
32. Larsen, p. 179.
33. McConnell, Brian (1981-08-14). "Honour for reporter who defied the Nazis". *Daily Mirror*. Archived from the original on 2022-07-10. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
34. "JOURNALIST POSTHUMOUSLY AWARDED" (PDF). *JTA Daily News Bulletin*. **59** (160): 2. 1981-08-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-07-03  via Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
35. Larsen, p. 172.
36. "Mirror columnist dies". *Sunday Mirror*. 1990-01-07.

## InfoBox

| John Segrue | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | John Chrysostom Segrue
(1884-01-17)17 January 1884
Liverpool, Lancashire, England |
| Died | 11 September 1942(1942-09-11) (aged 58)
Stalag VIII-B, Lamsdorf, Germany |
| Pen name | J. C. Segrue |
| Occupation | Journalist |


title: John Schneider (guitarist)

abstract: John Schneider is a Grammy® Award winning and 4-time Grammy® nominated American classical guitarist. He performs in just intonation and various well-temperaments, including Pythagorean tuning, including works by Lou Harrison, LaMonte Young, John Cage, and Harry Partch. He often arranges pieces for guitar and other instruments such as harp or percussion. Schneider was a professor of music at Los Angeles Pierce College, [1980-2020], hosts the KPFK weekly radio program "Global Village", is founder of MicroFest (1997—), and founder of MicroFest Records. He is also the founder and musical director of the PARTCH Ensemble, dedicated to the music of Harry Partch. With this ensemble, he won the 2014 Grammy Award for Best Classical Compendium for Partch: Plectra & Percussion Dances. He owns two dozen copies of different instruments designed by Harry Partch as well as a collection of guitars with microtonal fretboards. In 2015, he published a revised and enlarged edition of his book The Contemporary Guitar, which first appeared in 1985.

text:
# John Schneider (guitarist)

**John Schneider** (born 1950) is a Grammy® Award winning and 4-time Grammy® nominated American classical guitarist. He performs in just intonation and various well-temperaments, including Pythagorean tuning, including works by Lou Harrison, LaMonte Young, John Cage, and Harry Partch. He often arranges pieces for guitar and other instruments such as harp or percussion.

Schneider was a professor of music at Los Angeles Pierce College, \[1980-2020\], hosts the KPFK weekly radio program "Global Village", is founder of MicroFest (1997—), and founder of MicroFest Records.

He is also the founder and musical director of the PARTCH Ensemble, dedicated to the music of Harry Partch. With this ensemble, he won the 2014 Grammy Award for Best Classical Compendium for *Partch: Plectra & Percussion Dances* (Bridge Records, 2014). He owns two dozen copies of different instruments designed by Harry Partch as well as a collection of guitars with microtonal fretboards.

In 2015, he published a revised and enlarged edition of his book *The Contemporary Guitar*, which first appeared in 1985.

## Bibliography

* “Global Guitar Music of Lou Harrison.” Mikrotöne: Small is Beautiful V, edited by Á. Castilla-Ávila (Salzburg: Mackinverlag, 2024), 125-134.
* “The Well-Tuned Guitar.” *21st Century Guitar: Evolutions & Augmentations,* edited by Richard Perks & John McGrath (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023), 9-23.
* “Essay: Ben Johnston.” *Interviews with American Composers: Barney Childs in Conversation,* edited by Virginia Anderson (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2022), 167-169.
* HARRY PARTCH, 1942, MicroFest Records, 2022 \[Grammy® Nominated: Best Album Notes\]
* The Contemporary Guitar, Revised & Enlarged Edition. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2015
* “Magnus Andersson: Extreme Guitarist—Part 1,” Soundboard, Vol. 41, No.4 (2016)
* “Magnus Andersson: Extreme Guitarist—Part 2,” Soundboard, Vol. 42, No.1 (2016)
* “The Microtonal Guitars of Harry Partch,” Soundboard Scholar #1, (2015).
* “Tampering with Nature: Playing in Unequal Temperaments,“ & “Pure Magic: Composing & Performing in Just Intonation,” 1001 Microtones. Neumünster: Bockel-Verlag, 2014.
* “Partch’s Guitars,” Soundboard Scholar #1, (2015)
* “Partch: Re-Genesis of a Music,” Kongressbericht “Mikrotonalität: Praxis & Utopie,” Stuttgart 2011. Mainz: Schott Verlag, 2014.
* “Organ Transplants: Recreating Partch’s Chromelodeons,” Reed Organ Society Quarterly 2012, Vol. XXXI, No. 2.
* “Adam del Monte: Classical Duende,” Soundboard, Vol. XXXVII, No.3, (2011)
* “Tim Brady: Electric,” Soundboard Vol XXXVI, No.3 (2010); pp. 71–76.
* “Ben Johnston at Eighty,” Schneider, J. (ed.). 1/1: The Journal of the Just Intonation Network 12, no. 3 (2007).
* “The Persian Passion of Lily Afshar,” Classical Guitar \[UK\]. Vol. 23, No.7 (March, 2005); pp. 16–19.
* “Just Lou Harrison,” Guitar Review #128, (New York,2004), pp. 13–23.
* “Just Guitar,” Guitart International #6, April/June 2004; pp. 42–50.
* “Lou Harrison’s Guitars,” Classical Guitar \[UK\]. Vol. 21, No.10 (June, 2003); pp. 20–23.
* “Radio Soundboard (1978–1997),” Soundboard Magazine,Volume XXVI, 1999 No.2
* “Adam del Monte: Duende in Bach and Albeniz,” Soundboard, Vol. XXV, No.4 (1997)
* “Fine Tuning,” ACOUSTIC GUITAR. May/June, No.24 (1994); pp. 30–38.
* “Bringing Back Barstow,” GUITAR REVIEW. No.95 (Winter 1993); pp. 1–14.
* “A History of the JUST GUITAR,” 1/1. Vol. VII, No.3 (1992); pp. 11–15.
* “David Starobin at Forty,” GUITAR REVIEW No. 90, Summer 1992: pp. 18–22.
* “TOD MACHOVER: Hypercomposer,” GUITAR REVIEW No. 86, Summer 1991.
* “The Divine Giuliani,” Gendai Guitar \[Tokyo\] Winter 1990.
* “The Divine Giuliani,” Soundboard. Vol. XVI, No.3 (1989); pp. 38–48.
* “Pierre Boulez: a conversation,” GUITAR REVIEW No. 75, 1988: pp. 28–31.
* “Peter Maxwell Davies: a conversation,” GUITAR REVIEW No. 64, 1985.
* “Alois Hába,” Soundboard. Vol. XII, No.2 (1985); pp. 154–158.
* “Julian Carrillo,” Soundboard. Vol. XII, No.1 (1985); pp. 36–39.
* “Igor Stravinsky,” Soundboard. Vol. XI, No.2 (1984); pp. 152–157.
* “SOUNDBOARD ON THE AIR,” Soundboard. Vol. XI, No.1 (1984); pp. 36–39.
* “The Guitar Works of Ned Rorem,” Soundboard. Vol. XI, No.1 (1984); pp. 28–32.
* “Where do you find the Music?,” Soundboard. Vol. X, No.4 (1983); pp. 376–79.
* “Harry Partch,” Soundboard. Vol. X, No.3 (1983); pp. 260–264.
* “Bruno Bartolozzi,” Soundboard. Vol. X, No.2 (1983); pp. 138–41.
* “Peter Maxwell Davies,” Soundboard. Vol. X, No.1 (1983); pp. 43–45.
* “Guitar & Tape: New Horizons,” ASTA National Guitar Symposium 1981. New Jersey: American String Teacher's Ass. 1982.
* “The Microtonal Guitar,” \[Parts I–V\] Guitar & Lute : Nos. 10 –24, (1981–82).
* “A Conversation with Ernst Krenek,” Soundboard. Vol. VIII, No.4 (1981); pp. 262–65.
* “Toru Takemitsu,” Soundboard. Vol. VIII, No.3 (1981); pp. 169–71.
* “Goffredo Petrassi,” Soundboard. Vol. VIII, No.2 (1981); pp. 92–94.
* “Hans Werner Henze,” Soundboard. Vol. VII, No.4 (1980); pp. 173–77.
* “20th Century Guitar Music,” Soundboard. Vol. VII, No.4 (1980); pp. 175–76.
* “Pierre Boulez,” Soundboard. Vol. VII, No.3 (1980); pp. 126–7.
* “20th Century Guitar: The 2nd Golden Age,” Guitar & Lute : Nos. 10 & 12, (1979–1980).
* “The Contemporary Guitar,” Soundboard. Vol. VII, No.2 (1980); p. 69.
* “Conversation with Julian Bream,” Soundboard Vol. VII, No.1(1979); pp. 108–111.
* “The Well–Tempered Guitar,” Soundboard Vol. V, No.4 (1978); pp. 108–111.
* “The Rational Method of Tone Production,” ASTA National Guitar Symposium 1977. New Jersey: American String Teacher's Ass. 1978.
* “New Instruments Through Frequency Division,” Contact. \[London\] No.15 (1976).

## Discography

* SONIC VOYAGE: New Music for Guitar. El Maestro Records, 1981.
* Lou Harrison: Music for Guitar & Percussion Etcetera \[Holland\] KTC 1071, 1991.
* JUST WEST COAST : Microtonal Music for Guitar & Harp, Bridge Records BCD 9041, 1993.\[chosen "CD of the Year" by CD Review in 1994 & Fanfare's “Classical Hall of Fame” 2003\]
* Sasha Matson : RANGE OF LIGHT, NEW ALBION RECORDS NA 092, 1997.
* John Cage • LOU HARRISON • HARRY PARTCH, Cambria Records - CAMBRIA 8806, 2000. \[ASCAP Special Achievement Award\]
* JUST GUITARS : Music by Harrison, Partch, Riley & Scholtz & Schneider, Bridge Records Bridge 9132, 2003.
* Johnny Reinhard : ODYSSEUS, Pitch Records P-2002-1, 2004.
* MUSIC OF CARLOS CHAVEZ (vol.3) Southwest Chamber Music, Cambria Records, (2005). Grammy nominations for “Best Classical Album” & “Best Small Ensemble” & Latin Grammy nomination for “Best Classical Album”
* MUSIC OF Carlos Chavez (vol.4) Southwest Chamber Music - solo guitar works + string quartets Cambria Records, (2006). Latin Grammy nomination for “Best Classical Album”
* EAR GARDENS : American Festival of Microtonal Music. Music of Reinhard, Riley, Corner & Cage Pitch Records P-200209, 2006.
* ENCLOSURE 8 : Harry Partch. Castor & Pollux w/dancers with Partch, Innova Records DVD, 2007.
* Russel Steinberg & Daniel Pearl: "Stories from My Favorite Planet", www.DanielPearl.org, 2007.
* POR GITARO: Lou Harrison's Suites for Tuned Guitars, Mode Records, mode 195, 2008
* JOHN CAGE: 45' For A Speaker, Tiger Barb Records, 2008.
* William Kraft: Encounters, Cambria Records 1191, 2009. Latin Grammy nomination for “Best Classical Album”
* Harry Partch: Bitter Music – Bridge Records 9349 A/B/C, 2011. Grammy® Award nomination for “Best Classical Compendium”
* COLD BLUE TWO: Polansky “Eskimo Lullaby”, Cold Blue Music CB0036, 2012
* Ben Johnston: Ruminations - Setting of Rumi & Billie Holiday, MicroFest Records M•5, 2014
* Harry Partch: Plectra & Percussion Dances - Bridge Records 9432, 2014. Grammy® Award winner for "Best Classical Compendium" & Grammy® Award nomination for "Best Chamber Music Performance"
* JUST STRINGS: John Luther Adams & Lou Harrison - MicroFest Records, M•F 7, 2015
* BILL ALVES : Guitars & Gamelan - MicroFest Records, M•F 8, 2015
* HOPSCOTCH : The Industry Records, 2017 (voiceover)
* COLOR THEORY : Prism Sax Quartet/Partch/So Percussion - XAS 102, 2017
* Tom Johnson: PLUCKING - MicroFest Records, M•F 9, 2017
* JUST NATIONAL GUITAR : music of Lou Harrison, Terry Riley, et al. MicroFest Records M•F 12, 2019
* Harry Partch: SONATA DEMENTIA - Bridge Records 9525, 2019
* HARRY PARTCH, 1942 - MicroFest Records M•F 20, 2022. Grammy® Award nomination for Best Program Notes

**Radio Interviews**


abstract: John Schneider is a professional American football executive who is the president of football operations and general manager of the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). Schneider was previously an executive for the Washington Redskins and Green Bay Packers in the 2000s. He was a primary architect in building the Seahawks roster that went on to win Super Bowl XLVIII.

text:
# John Schneider (American football executive)

**John Schneider** (born May 25, 1971) is a professional American football executive who is the president of football operations and general manager of the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). Schneider was previously an executive for the Washington Redskins and Green Bay Packers in the 2000s. He was a primary architect in building the Seahawks roster that went on to win Super Bowl XLVIII.

## Early years

Schneider grew up in Wisconsin and attended high school in De Pere at Abbot Pennings High School, where he played football and graduated in 1989. He studied history and secondary education at University of St. Thomas and was on the football team his freshman year until injuries caused him to retire. During his junior year, he wrote a letter to Ron Wolf asking if he could work as a scout. His internship that summer was the beginning of his relationship with the Green Bay Packers.

## Professional executive career

### As an assistant

#### Green Bay Packers

He started working in the Scouting Department for the Green Bay Packers in 1993.

#### Kansas City Chiefs

He was the director of pro personnel for the Chiefs from 1997 to 2000.

#### Seattle Seahawks

He worked for the Seahawks in 2000 under Ted Thompson as director of player personnel.

#### Washington Redskins

In 2001, Schneider became the vice president of player personnel.

#### Green Bay Packers

Schneider went back to the Green Bay Packers as the top personnel aide to the Packers' GM. He then elevated to director of football operations.

### As general manager

#### Seattle Seahawks

On January 11, 2010, the Seahawks announced the hiring of Pete Carroll as head coach and vice president of football operations. One week later, on January 18, 2010, the Seahawks announced the hiring of Schneider as their general manager. Schneider added the distinction of executive vice president in 2013. In his role, he manages all aspects of the Seahawks roster and draft process while working collaboratively with Carroll in all facets of the football operations department.

##### Early years, rise of the Legion of Boom and Super Bowl appearances (2010 to 2014)

Since arriving in Seattle, Schneider and Carroll orchestrated a complete overhaul of Seattle's roster. In 2010, Schneider completed 284 roster transactions, including trading for Marshawn Lynch. On February 2, 2014, the Seahawks won Super Bowl XLVIII, their first and only championship in their existence. Of those on the championship roster, only Max Unger, Red Bryant, Jon Ryan, and Brandon Mebane were Seahawks prior to Schneider's arrival in Seattle. Schneider and Seattle followed their Super Bowl win with another NFC Championship, but lost to New England in Super Bowl XLIX.

Notable draft picks of Schneider involved in winning the Super Bowl XLVIII included Russell Wilson, Richard Sherman, Kam Chancellor, Byron Maxwell, K.J. Wright, Bobby Wagner, and Earl Thomas. He also picked up undrafted receiver duo Doug Baldwin and Jermaine Kearse. Notable free agents were Michael Bennett, Cliff Avril, and Brandon Browner. These defensive players soon became known as the Legion of Boom due to their hard-hitting style of defense.

##### Final years of the Legion of Boom (2015 to 2018)

In 2015, the Seahawks clinched a wild-card berth, but fell in the NFC Divisional Round to the Panthers. Schneider signed a 5-year contract extension with the Seahawks in July 2016 that kept him in Seattle through the 2021 season. The Seahawks won their fourth NFC West title under Schneider in 2016, but were eliminated in the divisional round of the playoffs for the second straight year. In 2021, Schneider signed a 6-year contract extension with the Seahawks that will keep him in Seattle through the 2027 draft.

##### Years of transition (2018 to 2023)

Despite the regression of the defense, the Seahawks remained a top team in the NFL due to the stellar play of quarterback Russell Wilson and the emergence of the receiver duo of 2015 3rd-round pick Tyler Lockett and 2019 2nd-round pick DK Metcalf. Schneider also traded for Duane Brown, Quandre Diggs, and Jamal Adams during that time.

After missing the playoffs in 2021 Schneider traded franchise quarterback Russell Wilson to the Broncos for two first-round picks (used on Charles Cross and Devon Witherspoon) and two second-round picks (used on Boye Mafe and Derick Hall), and for Broncos players Drew Lock, Shelby Harris, and Noah Fant.

##### With head coach Mike Macdonald (from 2024)

In 2024 Schneider needed to hire a new head coach after Pete Carroll moved to an advisory role for the Seattle Seahawks. During the process he and the search committee interviewed Ejiro Evero, Patrick Graham, Ben Johnson, Mike Kafka, Bobby Slowik, Frank Smith, the eventual new Commanders head coach Dan Quinn, and Raheem Morris, who became the Falcons head coach. In the end, he hired Mike Macdonald as the new head coach for the Seahawks, signing him to a six-year contract. This made Macdonald the youngest active head coach in the NFL to date.

## Awards and honors

Super Bowl XLVIII Champion (as EVP/GM of the Seattle Seahawks)

## Personal life

Schneider and his wife, Traci, have two sons, Ben and Jack. Schneider and wife Traci founded Ben's Fund in 2012 in honor of their son, Ben, who was diagnosed with autism at the age of 3. The intent of Ben’s Fund is to provide financial support to children and young adults with autism in Washington State along with guidance and support as they continue their journey.

## InfoBox

John Schneider
| Schneider in 2014 | |
| --- | --- |
| Seattle Seahawks | |
| Position: | President of football operations/general manager |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1971-05-25) May 25, 1971<br>De Pere, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Career information | |
| College: | St. Thomas |
| Career history | |
| As an executive: | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Executive profile at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: John Schneider (racing driver)

abstract: John Schneider is a former American sports car racing driver.

text:
# John Schneider (racing driver)

**John Schneider** (born July 14, 1938 in Dallas, Texas) is a former American sports car racing driver.

## Racing career

### 1983 to 1988

Schneider came on the national scene in 1983 driving a Porsche 924 in the IMSA GT Championship GTU class for Performance Motorsports. He stayed in that car through 1985. In 1985 he also began racing a Pontiac Firebird in the Trans-Am Series. In 1986 he moved to Performance Motorsports' new Buick Somerset Trans-Am car and drove a Mazda rotary engine powered Argo in the 24 Hours of Daytona for Outlaw Racing. In 1987 he drove at Daytona in a Cosworth powered Tiga for Cosmik-Roy Baker Racing while continuing to drive the Somerset in Trans-Am. In 1988's 24 Hours of Daytona race, Schneider drove a Porsche powered Royale for Diman Racing and drove a number of other IMSA races in a Tiga for Essex Racing Services. He also raced part-time in Performance Motorsports' Chevrolet Corvette Trans-Am car.

### 1995 to 2002

Schneider was away from racing from the end of 1988 to 1995. When he returned, he drove a Stillen Nissan 300ZX to a number of strong finishes in the IMSA Supercar Championship. In 1996 he drove an Oldsmobile-powered Spice for Bobby Brown Motorsports in the World Sportscar Championship but had few good results. In 1997 Schneider signed onto an "all star" team to drive the Dyson Racing Riley & Scott Mk III-Cosworth in the 24 Hours of Daytona with co-drivers Rob Dyson, James Weaver, Butch Leitzinger, Andy Wallace, John Paul Jr., and Elliott Forbes-Robinson. The team won the race as many expected. After the win, Schneider again took a lengthy sabbatical from racing, but returned to the 24 at Daytona in 2002 to drive a Chevrolet powered Riley & Scott for TRV Motorsport but the car failed to finish. That was his last professional race.


title: John Racener

abstract: John Racener is an American poker professional from Port Richey, Florida, best known as the runner-up of the Main Event at the 2010 World Series of Poker. He has made World Series of Poker final tables on 23 occasions, as well as one World Poker Tour final table. Racener won his first WSOP bracelet in 2017, capturing the $10,000 Dealers Choice Championship for $273,962. He also had 17 cashes in 2017 which was at the time a joint record with Chris Ferguson. Racener won his second bracelet in the $10,000 Limit Hold'em Championship at the 2024 WSOP. As of 2023, his live tournament winnings exceed $11,250,000, $5.5 million of which comes from his second place prize at the 2010 Main Event.

text:
# John Racener

**John Racener** (born December 17, 1985) is an American poker professional from Port Richey, Florida, best known as the runner-up of the Main Event at the 2010 World Series of Poker. He has made World Series of Poker final tables on 23 occasions, as well as one World Poker Tour final table.

Racener won his first WSOP bracelet in 2017, capturing the $10,000 Dealers Choice Championship for $273,962. He also had 17 cashes in 2017 which was at the time a joint record with Chris Ferguson. Racener won his second bracelet in the $10,000 Limit Hold'em Championship at the 2024 WSOP.

As of 2023, his live tournament winnings exceed $11,250,000, $5.5 million of which comes from his second place prize at the 2010 Main Event.

## World Series of Poker bracelets

| Year | Tournament | Prize (US$) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | $10,000 Dealers Choice 6-Handed Championship | $273,962 |
| 2024 | $10,000 Limit Hold'em Championship (8-Handed) | $308,930 |

## InfoBox

| John Racener | |
| --- | --- |
| John Racener in 2019 | |
| Nickname(s) | Spikey, RCNR |
| Residence | Tampa, Florida |
| Born | (1985-12-17) December 17, 1985 |
| World Series of Poker | |
| Bracelet(s) | 2 |
| Final table(s) | 23 |
| Money finish(es) | 107 |
| Highest ITM<br>Main Event finish | 2nd, 2010 |
| World Poker Tour | |
| Title(s) | *None* |
| Final table(s) | *1* |
| Money finish(es) | 18 |
| European Poker Tour | |
| Title(s) | 1 |
| Final table(s) | 3 |
| Money finish(es) | 11 |
|


title: Piteå Elit

abstract: Piteå Elit is a cross-country skiing club from Piteå in northern Sweden. In the 2011-12 season, three skiers represented Sweden internationally. The club also has many skiers now skiing on the national level. The club had two skiers, Magdalena Pajala and Jesper Modin, competing in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Sweden. Former skier Magnus Ingesson from the club was the head coach for the Swedish cross-country skiing team in the 2010 Winter Olympics. On May 6, 2012, Charlotte Kalla joined Piteå Elit, for which she would compete starting with the 2012/13 season.

text:
# Piteå Elit

**Piteå Elit** is a cross-country skiing club from Piteå in northern Sweden. In the 2011-12 season, three skiers represented Sweden internationally. The club also has many skiers now skiing on the national level.

The club had two skiers, Magdalena Pajala and Jesper Modin, competing in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Sweden. Former skier Magnus Ingesson from the club was the head coach for the Swedish cross-country skiing team in the 2010 Winter Olympics.

On May 6, 2012, Charlotte Kalla joined Piteå Elit, for which she would compete starting with the 2012/13 season.

## Current skiers

## Former skiers

Piteå Elit's homepage http://www.piteaelit.se/


title: Piterbasket

abstract: Piterbasket is a team sport closely resembling basketball. The game was initially created for kindergarten children, but is now played by adults and handicapped athletes. Piterbasket was created by Anatolij Nesmejanov in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 2002. In 2010 in Kaunas, Lithuania held the world's first international piterbasket match between Kaunas and Saint Petersburg teams. In 2011, piterbasket was included in Lithuania's national Olympic kindergarten festival programme.

text:
# Piterbasket

**Piterbasket** (ru. - *Питербаскет*, lt. - *piterbolas*, *trikrepšis*) is a team sport closely resembling basketball. The game was initially created for kindergarten children, but is now played by adults and handicapped athletes.

Piterbasket was created by Anatolij Nesmejanov in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 2002. In 2010 in Kaunas, Lithuania held the world's first international piterbasket match between Kaunas and Saint Petersburg teams. In 2011, piterbasket was included in Lithuania's national Olympic kindergarten festival programme.