title: Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador

abstract: Nain is the northernmost permanent settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, within the Nunatsiavut region, located about 370 km (230 mi) by air from Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The town was established as a Moravian mission in 1771 by Jens Haven and other missionaries. As of 2021, the population is 1,204 mostly Inuit and mixed Inuit-European. Nain is the administrative capital of the autonomous region of Nunatsiavut. Nain is inaccessible by road and may be reached only by air or sea.

text:
# Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador

**Nain** (Inuit language: *Nunainguk*) is the northernmost permanent settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, within the Nunatsiavut region, located about 370 km (230 mi) by air from Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The town was established as a Moravian mission in 1771 by Jens Haven and other missionaries. As of 2021, the population is 1,204 mostly Inuit and mixed Inuit-European. Nain is the administrative capital of the autonomous region of Nunatsiavut.

Nain is inaccessible by road and may be reached only by air or sea.

## History

Nain was first established in 1771 by Moravian missionaries. It is among the oldest permanent Inuit settlements in Canada, most communities in Nunavut and Nunavik were settled in the 1950s or later. It is also the oldest continuously-inhabited community in Labrador after North West River. Nain has also been called "Nonynuke", "Nuninock" and "Nunaingoakh". The missionaries also established posts in Hopedale and areas in the north such as Hebron and Okak. The first Inuk to be baptized in Nain was a man named Kingminguse who took the name "Petrus" after conversion and then returned to southern Labrador where he used the name "Petrus Kingminguse" and died in 1800. Many Inuit in the south traveled to the Moravian posts in the north to be baptized and then returned to the south. The Moravians established posts only in northern areas since the Colony of Newfoundland hoped to colonize southern Labrador. In 1773, it was claimed that over 250 Inuit lived in Nain. In 1893, Nain's residents adopted patrilineal surnames at the request of Newfoundland courts. Many people took names of the missionaries (such as "Kohlmeister" and Townley") while others chose traditional names such as "Agnatok", "Kalleo", "Karpik", "Merkuratsuk", "Pamak" and "Saksagiak" or other European names such as "Abel" and "Obed". During the 19th-century, many people from southern parts of Labrador (mostly of mixed European and Inuit descent) and also from England and Newfoundland settled on islands near Nain and introduced names to the area such as "Ford", "Lyall", "Flowers", "Dicker" and "Webb". Most of these island settlements were resettled in the 1950s and 1960s and their inhabitants mostly settled in Nain. 6 Innu (Naskapi) families were recorded in Nain in 1945.

In 1959, residents of Hebron and Nutak resettled to Nain, Hopedale, Makkovik and Happy Valley-Goose Bay. The relocation had a huge impact on residents of Hebron and Nutak since the land in Nain (and other communities) was very different (resulting in difficulties when hunting) and many families were divided. Poverty and alcoholism has affected many of the families that originated in Hebron and Nutak. The provincial government apologized for the relocations in 2005. Many Inuit from Hebron were relocated to Nain by the provincial government after the Moravian mission at Hebron was closed under government pressure in 1959.

In 2016, the Google Street View imaging service uploaded images of various roads in Nain. Nain is one of the few communities in Labrador with images on the service.

### Nunatsiavut

On December 1, 2005, Nain became the administrative capital of the autonomous region of Nunatsiavut which is the name chosen by the Labrador Inuit when the *Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement Act* was successfully ratified by the Canadian Government and the Inuit of Labrador. Hopedale, further south, is the legislative capital. The land claim cedes limited self-rule for the Nunatsiavut government in Northern Labrador and North-Eastern Quebec, granting title and aboriginal rights. The land that comprises the Nunatsiavut government is called the Labrador Inuit Settlement Area, or LISA, which amount to approximately 72,500 km2 (28,000 sq mi). The Inuit of Labrador do not own this land per se, but they do have special rights related to traditional land use as aboriginals. That said, the Labrador Inuit will own 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) within the Settlement Area, officially designated as Labrador Inuit Lands. The Agreement also provides for the establishment of the Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve, consisting of about 9,600 square kilometres (3,700 sq mi) of land within LISA.

## Geography

Nain is located on the north side of Unity Bay, a small inlet. The bay is open to the Atlantic Ocean but Nain's harbour is protected by numerous islands, the largest of which is Paul's Island. From Nain to the open Labrador Sea is approximately 50 km (31 mi) east through Strathcona Run.

### Climate

Although located at the same latitude as Ketchikan on North America's west coast, or Moscow and southern Scandinavia in Europe, the influence of the Labrador Current gives Nain a marginal subarctic climate (*Dfc*) that is very close to a polar climate (*ET*), which creates the southernmost tree line in the northern hemisphere on the adjacent coast. The southernmost tundra is actually still in a zone of discontinuous permafrost rather than the much more typical continuous zone. The almost constant presence of the Icelandic Low means that precipitation, both as rain and snow, is exceptionally heavy for so consistently cold a climate in a low-lying area, with 421.0 cm (165.7 in) of snow the average annual amount. The actual depth of snow on the ground averages 72 cm (28 in) at the end of March. Occasionally, very warm weather occurs in summer when winds blow offshore.

| Climate data for Nain Airport
Climate ID: 8502800; coordinates 56°33′02″N 61°40′56″W / 56.55056°N 61.68222°W / 56.55056; -61.68222 (Nain A); elevation: 6.4 m (21 ft); WMO ID: 71902; 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1926–present | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 9.0 | 6.6 | 9.0 | 12.8 | 24.5 | 38.1 | 40.2 | 35.6 | 32.0 | 19.9 | 10.6 | 4.8 | 40.2 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.5
(50.9) | 7.6
(45.7) | 12.1
(53.8) | 14.5
(58.1) | 25.6
(78.1) | 33.3
(91.9) | 33.3
(91.9) | 32.7
(90.9) | 29.0
(84.2) | 23.9
(75.0) | 11.7
(53.1) | 6.7
(44.1) | 33.3
(91.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.1
(8.4) | −13.2
(8.2) | −7.1
(19.2) | −0.3
(31.5) | 5.5
(41.9) | 11.2
(52.2) | 14.8
(58.6) | 15.8
(60.4) | 11.9
(53.4) | 5.6
(42.1) | −1.0
(30.2) | −7.7
(18.1) | 1.9
(35.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −17.1
(1.2) | −17.6
(0.3) | −11.9
(10.6) | −4.9
(23.2) | 1.6
(34.9) | 6.6
(43.9) | 10.2
(50.4) | 11.1
(52.0) | 7.8
(46.0) | 2.6
(36.7) | −4.0
(24.8) | −11.2
(11.8) | −2.2
(28.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.1
(−6.0) | −22.0
(−7.6) | −16.8
(1.8) | −9.5
(14.9) | −2.4
(27.7) | 2.0
(35.6) | 5.6
(42.1) | 6.5
(43.7) | 3.7
(38.7) | −0.4
(31.3) | −7.0
(19.4) | −14.6
(5.7) | −6.3
(20.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −39.4
(−38.9) | −38.3
(−36.9) | −37.0
(−34.6) | −31.1
(−24.0) | −17.5
(0.5) | −6.7
(19.9) | −2.8
(27.0) | −2.8
(27.0) | −6.4
(20.5) | −19.0
(−2.2) | −24.4
(−11.9) | −41.5
(−42.7) | −41.5
(−42.7) |
| Record low wind chill | −52.9 | −59.5 | −54.0 | −41.3 | −20.8 | −11.7 | −4.8 | 0.0 | −9.4 | −31.2 | −33.3 | −55.5 | −59.5 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 74.1
(2.92) | 61.6
(2.43) | 74.0
(2.91) | 68.8
(2.71) | 55.6
(2.19) | 74.7
(2.94) | 105.1
(4.14) | 79.8
(3.14) | 77.5
(3.05) | 72.4
(2.85) | 62.1
(2.44) | 68.0
(2.68) | 870.9
(34.29) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 4.1
(0.16) | 5.7
(0.22) | 3.7
(0.15) | 15.9
(0.63) | 30.4
(1.20) | 68.7
(2.70) | 103.2
(4.06) | 77.8
(3.06) | 76.6
(3.02) | 55.4
(2.18) | 17.9
(0.70) | 9.6
(0.38) | 468.8
(18.46) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 68.2
(26.9) | 57.4
(22.6) | 71.3
(28.1) | 54.2
(21.3) | 28.0
(11.0) | 10.3
(4.1) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 2.3
(0.9) | 21.0
(8.3) | 44.3
(17.4) | 64.3
(25.3) | 421.0
(165.7) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 14.9 | 11.9 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 13.3 | 15.2 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 15.4 | 15.1 | 13.4 | 12.7 | 172.0 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 1.4 | 0.95 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 14.7 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 15.4 | 11.0 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 95.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 14.2 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 8.2 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.76 | 7.4 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 93.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 3pm) | 66.6 | 63.9 | 65.4 | 68.7 | 70.8 | 69.4 | 71.5 | 70.5 | 66.7 | 70.6 | 72.7 | 70.3 | 68.9 |
| Source: Environment Canada (rain/rain days, snow/snow days 1991–2012) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Local government

**Nain federal election results**
| Year | | Liberal | | Conservative | | New Democratic | | Green | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2021 | 34% | *97* | 8% | *24* | **56%** | *158* | 0% | *0* |
| | 2019 | 43% | *176* | 9% | *36* | **46%** | *191* | 2% | *8* |

**Nain provincial election results**
| Year | | Liberal | | PC | | New Democratic | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019 | **63%** | *304* | 37% | *181* | 0% | *0* |
| | 2015 | **93%** | *289* | 3% | *8* | 5% | *14* |

The town is governed by a seven-member council composed of a mayor (or Angajukĸâk), deputy mayor (Deputy Angajukĸâk), and five councilors.

The Town Council formally changed its name from "Nain Town Council" to "Nain Inuit Community Government" in October 2006. The Nain Inuit Community Government meets once per month.

## Educational facilities

Nain has one kindergarten to level III school, Jens Haven Memorial, which is split between two buildings. One building contains primary grades (kindergarten to grade 3), the other houses elementary and secondary grades (grade 4 to Level III).

There is also an adult basic education (ABE) program offered in town, delivered by Academy Canada. Academy Canada delivers this program in Nain and throughout Labrador in communities including Happy Valley - Goose Bay, Hopedale, Labrador City, Natuashish and Sheshatshiu.

## Industry

Fishing is the main industry in Nain. Traditional hunting and trapping activities continue through the winter months after the fishing season has ended.

The Voisey's Bay nickel mine is located about 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Nain.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Nain had a revised population of 1,204 living in 350 of its 380 total private dwellings, a change of 7% from its 2016 population of 1,125. With a land area of 93.5 km2 (36.1 sq mi), it had a population density of 9.1/km2 (23.5/sq mi) in 2021.

### Ethnicity

| 2016 Canadian census | | Population | % of total population |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Visible minority group
Source: | South Asian | 0 | 0.0 |
| | Chinese | 0 | 0.0 |
| | Black | 0 | 0.0 |
| | Filipino | 0 | 0.0 |
| | Latin American | 0 | 0.0 |
| | Southeast Asian | 0 | 0.0 |
| | Other visible minority | 0 | 0.0 |
| *Total visible minority population* | | *0* | *0.0* |
| Aboriginal group
Source: | First Nations | 25 | 2.2 |
| | Métis | 15 | 1.3 |
| | Inuit | 1,025 | 91.1 |
| *Total Aboriginal population* | | *1,035* | *92.0* |
| White | | 90 | 8.0 |
| *Total population* | | *1,125* | *100.0* |

### Language (2016 census)

* English: 810
* Inuktitut: 295

## Media

Nain has two radio services available.

CKOK-FM is a low-power (LP) re-broadcaster of CKHV broadcasting at 99.9 FM. Owned by the Okalakatiget Society, the station broadcasts a community radio format for the region's First Nations and Inuit communities.

As of the end of 2014, the station now streams online. It broadcasts live during local programming only.

There is also a local re-broadcaster of Happy Valley-Goose Bay's CBC Radio One feed, CBNZ. It operates on 740 AM.

## Transport

Flights to Nain are at Nain Airport, and are available from Happy Valley-Goose Bay on Air Borealis (part of PAL Airlines).

Between mid-June and mid-November (pending ice conditions), the ferry MV Kamutik W, operated by the Newfoundland and Labrador Government, provides weekly service from Goose Bay along the Atlantic Coast, with stops in Rigolet, Makkovik, Postville, Hopedale and Natuashish. Nain is the northernmost stop on the route; the ferry stays docked at Nain for about three hours before beginning its southbound route.

## InfoBox

| Nain Nunainguk | |
| --- | --- |
| Inuit community | |
| Nain as viewed from Mt. Sophie, September 2011. | |
| NainLocation of Nain in the province | |
| Coordinates: 56°32′11″N 61°43′08″W / 56.53639°N 61.71889°W / 56.53639; -61.71889 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Region | Nunatsiavut |
| Settled | 1771 |
| Government | |
| Type | Inuit Community Government |
| Mayor (AngajukKâk) | Joe Dicker |
| Federal MP | Yvonne Jones (L) |
| Provincial MHA | Lela Evans (PC) |
| Nunatsiavut Assembly members | Anthony Andersen
Roxanne Barbour |
| Area | |
| Total | 94.58 km2 (36.52 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 11 m (36 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,204 |
| Density | 11.9/km2 (31/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-04:00 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (Atlantic Daylight Saving Time) |
| Postal code span | A0P |
| Area code | 709 |


title: WMKD

abstract: WMKD is a country music formatted radio station serving Pickford, Michigan and the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan & Ontario markets. WMKD's 55,000-watt signal covers most of the eastern Upper Peninsula and far northern lower Michigan. Although a construction permit for 105.5 WADW was granted in 1993, the station did not sign on until 2001. WADW was originally known as "Memories 105.5" and aired a mix of oldies from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, marking the first time an oldies station had been on the air in the Sault Ste. Marie area. The station was soon sold to Starboard Media and was taken silent while Starboard prepared to broadcast its Relevant Radio Catholic religious format on 105.5. WADW broadcast intermittently through the next three years, alternating between periods of silence and automated new age/smooth jazz music. In the summer of 2005, Starboard sold the station to current owners Northern Star Broadcasting, who changed the call-sign to WMKD in November of that year, and briefly turned it into a simulcast of Traverse City modern rock station WJZJ. The station debuted its current country music format a few months later, maintaining a similar playlist & branding as WMKC in St. Ignace/Indian River. Northern Star Broadcasting sold the station to Sovereign Communications in 2010. Syndicated programming at WMKD includes the morning drive program Big D and Bubba, Country Top 30 with Bobby Bones, and The Lia Show, while the station also broadcasts Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races and Eastern Upper Peninsula Athletic Conference basketball & football games. Local on-air personalities include DJs Allan Gibbs and Mark SanAngelo, and chief meteorologist Karl Bohnak.

text:
# WMKD

**WMKD** (105.5 FM, "Country 105," formerly known as "Big Country 105.5") is a country music formatted radio station serving Pickford, Michigan and the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan & Ontario markets. WMKD's 55,000-watt signal covers most of the eastern Upper Peninsula and far northern lower Michigan.

Although a construction permit for 105.5 WADW was granted in 1993, the station did not sign on until 2001. WADW was originally known as "Memories 105.5" and aired a mix of oldies from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, marking the first time an oldies station had been on the air in the Sault Ste. Marie area. The station was soon sold to Starboard Media and was taken silent while Starboard prepared to broadcast its Relevant Radio Catholic religious format on 105.5. WADW broadcast intermittently through the next three years, alternating between periods of silence and automated new age/smooth jazz music. In the summer of 2005, Starboard sold the station to current owners Northern Star Broadcasting, who changed the call-sign to WMKD in November of that year, and briefly turned it into a simulcast of Traverse City modern rock station WJZJ. The station debuted its current country music format a few months later, maintaining a similar playlist & branding as WMKC in St. Ignace/Indian River. Northern Star Broadcasting sold the station to Sovereign Communications in 2010.

Syndicated programming at WMKD includes the morning drive program *Big D and Bubba*, *Country Top 30 with Bobby Bones*, and *The Lia Show*, while the station also broadcasts Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races and Eastern Upper Peninsula Athletic Conference basketball & football games. Local on-air personalities include DJs Allan Gibbs and Mark SanAngelo, and chief meteorologist Karl Bohnak.

## Sources

46°23′49″N 84°23′53″W / 46.397°N 84.398°W / 46.397; -84.398

1. "Facility Technical Data for WMKD". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WMKD
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan |
| Frequency | 105.5 MHz |
| Branding | *Country 105* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Sovereign Communications |
| History | |
| First air date | January 2001 |
| Former call signs | WADW (7/9/93-11/7/05) |
| Call sign meaning | **M**ac**K**inac (similar to former sister station WMKC) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 59529 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 77 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | country105fm.net |


title: WMKE-CD

abstract: WMKE-CD is a low-power, Class A television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Owned by CNZ Communications, it has studios on West Stratton Drive in suburban New Berlin and a transmitter at the Milwaukee PBS tower on Milwaukee's northeast side.

text:
# WMKE-CD

**WMKE-CD** (channel 21) is a low-power, Class A television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Owned by CNZ Communications, it has studios on West Stratton Drive in suburban New Berlin and a transmitter at the Milwaukee PBS tower on Milwaukee's northeast side.

## History

The station first signed on the air as W08BY in November 1985, broadcasting on VHF channel 8 under the ownership of Dothan, Alabama–based broadcaster Charles Woods. It offered a mix of locally produced programming, public domain movies and television series, and music videos, with the rest of its broadcast day filled by programming from the Canadian music video channel MuchMusic. Woods sold the station to KM Communications in 1990; the same year MuchMusic programming was dropped, and replaced with the viewer request music network The Box. After The Box was acquired by Viacom in 2001, the station became an MTV2 affiliate with some programming in Korean (the owners of KM Communications were Korean Americans). In August 2000, WMKE moved to VHF channel 7 to allow for PBS member station WMVS (channel 10) to operate its digital signal on channel 8.

As an analog station, the station's transmitter was located atop the Hilton Milwaukee City Center in downtown Milwaukee (which was previously used by WVTV, channel 18, and WDJT-TV, channel 58, before both stations moved their transmitter facilities to Milwaukee's northeast side). The station's signal was directed north from that site to prevent interference with the former main digital signal of WLS-TV in Chicago (which broadcasts on virtual channel 7 and used that allocation until 2012 to carry the station inner-city after a move of the main signal to digital channel 44), and was localized to within Milwaukee County.

In 2006, WMKE-CA dropped MTV2 as well as its Korean programming and became an affiliate of America One (the network had previously been affiliated with WMLW-CA—channel 41, now WBME-CD—and its forerunner low-power station W65BT had previously carried the network until 2002). In October 2012, WMKE-CA affiliated with the Georgia-based Gem Shopping Network. Throughout all of this, the only pay TV carriage obtained by the station was over AT&T U-Verse on their channel 7 throughout southeastern Wisconsin (since removed upon the affiliation with OnTV4U). Time Warner Cable and Charter have never carried the station on their systems.

The station had a construction permit to operate a low-power digital signal on UHF channel 20. This permit expired on May 21, 2012, with KM Communications later re-filing to construct a digital transmitter facility on UHF channel 21.

In July 2014, the station was taken dark for financial reasons, likely due to fines from the FCC resulting from the station's lack of updates to both its public file and educational and informational programming reporting file, the latter of which had not had the public file components updated for 3+12 years; this resulted in a total fine of $20,000, with an appeal of the amount for financial purposes denied as the FCC determined that WMKE-CA and Chicago sister station WOCK-CD were under the same ownership and had the financial ability to pay the fine.

On July 30, 2014, the sale of WMKE-CA was announced for $2.5 million to LocusPoint Networks, which is known for purchasing television stations as part of the FCC's upcoming spectrum incentive auction. In January 2015, the station returned to the air on its digital channel 21 allocation from the traditional Milwaukee tower farm. It now holds the new calls WMKE-CD, as an affiliate of the Soul of the South Network. The station's digital signal is now unrestricted and fully covers the core Milwaukee metro area, including the Washington County, Waukesha County and Ozaukee County suburbs. The station at first utilized virtual channel technology to remain on channel 7, but due to multiple issues with the system, eventually decided to use their physical digital channel 21 to identify their channel instead.

Due to Soul of the South's various financial and technical issues which eventually resulted in it ending operations, WMKE eventually picked up Luken Communications' automotive-focused Rev'n network in January 2016. On April 13, 2017, the FCC announced the results of the 2016 spectrum auction; WMKE-CD did not sell any spectrum. Shortly thereafter, LocusPoint announced the sale of WMKE-CD to the Milwaukee Media subsidiary of CNZ Communications, which already owned WIWN (channel 68) in the market (the station was sold in 2024).

On February 24, 2018, the paid programming schedule of OnTV4U formerly seen on WIWN-DT3 was moved onto WMKE-CD after the launch of Quest on that signal. Quest also began simulcasting on channel 21.1, displacing Rev'n. Six additional subchannels were also added to WMKE, with some repeating WIWN's channel lineup and allowing more entertainment subchannels to air on that full-power signal. At the beginning of 2020, it switched to carrying Court TV, repeating programming seen on WTMJ-DT5; after Court TV found cable coverage in the market through WTMJ sister station WPXE-DT3, WMKE's primary affiliation switched to Jewelry Television (itself also repeating on WPXE's sixth subchannel as of March 27, 2023).

## Technical information

### Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WMKE-CD
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21.1 | 720p | 16:9 | JTV HD | Jewelry Television |
| 21.2 | 480i | 4:3 | HSN2 | HSN2 |
| | | 21.3 | Majestd |  |
| | | 21.4 | SHOP\_LC | Shop LC |
| | | 21.5 | SHOP HQ | ShopHQ |
| | | 21.6 | QVC 2 | QVC2 |
| | | 21.7 | LATV | LATV |
| | | 21.8 | QVC OTA | QVC |

## InfoBox

WMKE-CD
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Channels |  |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * CNZ Communications * (Milwaukee Media, LLC) |
| History | |
| First air date | November 1985 (1985-11) |
| Former call signs | * W08BY (1985–1994) * WMKE-LP (1994–2001) * WMKE-CA (2001–2015) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 8 (VHF, 1985–2000), 7 (VHF, 2000–2014) * **Digital:** 21 (UHF, 2015–2020) |
| Former affiliations |  |
| Call sign meaning | The city of license of Milwaukee, and General Mitchell International Airport's IATA airport code |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 35091 |
| Class | CD |
| ERP | 15 kW |
| HAAT | 126.4 m (415 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°5′46.2″N 87°54′15″W / 43.096167°N 87.90417°W / 43.096167; -87.90417 (WMKE) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning

abstract: Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning (GHT) was a daily newspaper published in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1832 to 1985.

text:
# Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning

***Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning*** (*GHT*) was a daily newspaper published in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1832 to 1985.

## History and profile

*GHT* was founded in 1832 by publisher Magnus Prytz and had a liberal alignment from the later part of the 19th century after Sven Adolf Hedlund became editor in 1852. The author Viktor Rydberg worked for the newspaper and several of his novels were published as series in the paper.

During World War II, *GHT* was one of few Swedish newspapers that held a decidedly anti-Nazi profile, which made its editor-in-chief (since 1917) Torgny Segerstedt a controversial figure in neutral Sweden. The Norwegian illustrator Ragnvald Blix became known for his anti-Nazi caricatures published in the paper during that time under the pseudonym "Stig Höök". The paper ceased publication in 1985 (but was only published weekly 1973-1984).


title: Göteborg Masters

abstract: The Göteborg Masters was a women's professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour that took place in Sweden. The tournament was first played 2008 and meant to be a recurring annual event, but the 2009 tournament was cancelled due to financial difficulties and it never returned to the LET schedule. Gwladys Nocera won after scoring 259 (−29) following rounds of 66-62-65-66, the best 72-hole score in the LET's 30-year history. Nina Reis was the runner-up with 270 (−18), shooting 69-67-73-61. The 11-under-par 61 tied the record for the LET's all time lowest round set by Kirsty Taylor at the 2005 Wales Ladies Championship of Europe. After 17 holes, Reis was at (−12) for the day and a score of 59 looked possible, but she bogeyed the last hole to drop back to a (−18) 270 for second place, her career best finish on the LET.

text:
# Göteborg Masters

The **Göteborg Masters** was a women's professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour that took place in Sweden.

The tournament was first played 2008 and meant to be a recurring annual event, but the 2009 tournament was cancelled due to financial difficulties and it never returned to the LET schedule.

Gwladys Nocera won after scoring 259 (−29) following rounds of 66-62-65-66, the best 72-hole score in the LET's 30-year history.

Nina Reis was the runner-up with 270 (−18), shooting 69-67-73-61. The 11-under-par 61 tied the record for the LET's all time lowest round set by Kirsty Taylor at the 2005 Wales Ladies Championship of Europe. After 17 holes, Reis was at (−12) for the day and a score of 59 looked possible, but she bogeyed the last hole to drop back to a (−18) 270 for second place, her career best finish on the LET.

## Winners

| Year | Dates | Winner | Country | Score | To par | Margin
of victory | Runner-up | Winner's
share () |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 13–16 Aug | Cancelled; financial difficulties | | | | | | |
| 2008 | 18–21 Sep | Gwladys Nocera | France | 259 | −29 | 11 strokes | Nina Reis | 37,500 |

## InfoBox

Göteborg Masters
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Göteborg, Sweden |
| Established | 2008 |
| Course(s) | Lycke Golf Club |
| Par | 72 |
| Tour(s) | Ladies European Tour |
| Format | Stroke play |
| Prize fund | €250,000 |
| Month played | September |
| Final year | 2008 |
| Tournament record score | |
| Aggregate | 259 Gwladys Nocera (2008) |
| To par | −29 Gwladys Nocera (2008) |
| Final champion | |
| Gwladys Nocera | |


title: Göteborgs Högre Samskola

abstract: Göteborgs Högre Samskola is an independent school in Gothenburg, Sweden.

text:
# Göteborgs Högre Samskola

**Göteborgs Högre Samskola** is an independent school in Gothenburg, Sweden.

## Information

In 2006 the school had about 1350 students. The school has students aged 5 through 19 and has a *Förskola*, a *Grundskola* and a *Gymnasium*. The school consists of a series of buildings for the younger grades 1 through 6 and a separate building for middle school and high school students. The school for the children in grade 1–6 is situated in central Gothenburg on Föreningsgatan 12-17 and is known as Lilla Sam. The other part consists of two large buildings situated on Stampgatan. These buildings are known as Stora Sam. The longtime rector, Alar Randsalu, retired in the spring of 2007 and was succeeded by Peter Järvsén, formerly rector of Frölundagymnasiet.

## History

The school was established in 1901, and was one of the first coeducation schools in Gothenburg, and the first one with mixed classes in High school. It was non-denominational, so many Jewish families sent their children to the school.

*Samskolan* is a prestigious school and is also believed to have an upper class profile. This is most likely because the school used to have a school fee, and this fee is mistakenly believed to be in existence to this day. Such fees are otherwise extremely rare in Sweden since in 1992 the Swedish government introduced a school voucher system where the government pays for each student, regardless of whether he attends a public school or a private school.

Notable people who have attended the school include:

## Current

The school was mentioned in an article in the Swedish Metro newspaper on the cover page, saying that *Göteborgs Högre Samskola* was the best *Grundskola* school in Gothenburg. The average graduation score achieved by the school's students was **263.4** out of **320** possible. Comparing this with the closest communal school which had around **240**, the students that are attending *Samskolan* achieve higher grades than the average.

*Lilla Sam* follows the teachings of Maria Montessori. *Stora Sam* gives its students the choice to decide for themselves what to do during *SA* for the *Grundskola* students or *EA* for the *Gymnasie* students. You get a logbook where you attain signatures for each *SA* or *EA* pass you attend, to make sure that you do not skip lessons. Typically during an EA pass you do your home work, whereas during SA hours you might prepare small projects (such as reading a novel and then do a write-up on it to be presented to a teacher of your choice). *Lilla Sam* utilizes a similar system but where the same teacher is always present.

*Samskolan* has an English speaking section, where students that are exceptionally good at English can study. The classes, often given an ending of an e or an E (e.g. 4e, 5e, 6e) currently only have a 5th grade. The section was originally meant as an experiment and it is not known if the section will continue to exist.

*Stora Sam* is currently undergoing extensive refurbishment; the school building itself is owned by *Gothenburg City* and the city will not sell the whole school yard. If *Samskolan* was to buy part that was for sale the city would build a preschool on *Samskolan's* school yard. Due to this the school decided not to buy the main building but to extend in the building where the *Gymnasium* resides.

## Additional images

## InfoBox

| Göteborgs Högre Samskola | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Gothenburg<br>Sweden | |
| Coordinates | 57°42′41.15″N 11°59′26.38″E / 57.7114306°N 11.9906611°E / 57.7114306; 11.9906611 |
| Information | |
| Type | Independent |
| Established | 1901 |
| Rector | Egil Gry |
| Nickname | Sam, Samskolan |
| Website | www.samskolan.se |


title: H. Craig Severance

abstract: Harold Craig Severance was an American architect who designed a number of well-known buildings in New York City, including the Coca-Cola Building, Nelson Tower and most prominently, 40 Wall Street.

text:
# H. Craig Severance

**Harold Craig Severance** (July 1, 1879 – September 2, 1941) was an American architect who designed a number of well-known buildings in New York City, including the Coca-Cola Building, Nelson Tower and most prominently, 40 Wall Street.

## Biography

He was born on July 1, 1879, to George Craig Severance and Emma Alida Gilbert. He married Faith Griswold Thompson.

In his early career, Severance worked for Carrere and Hastings and later, in partnership with William Van Alen. The partnership ended on unfriendly terms, and in the late 1920s, the two found themselves in competition to build the world's tallest building, with Severance's 40 Wall Street and Van Alen's Chrysler Building. Although the Chrysler Building claimed victory with its spire at 1,046 feet, Severance protested that his building had the highest usable space. The issue became moot when the Empire State Building was completed less than a year later.

He died on September 2, 1941.

## Other well-known designs

1. "H. C. Severance, 62, Architect, Is Dead. Bank of Manhattan Designer Had 'Altitude' Building Race With Van Alen, Ex-Partner. Active In Field 41 Years. He Also Drew Plans for Taft Hotel, Nelson Tower and 50 Broadway Structure". *New York Times*. September 3, 1941. Retrieved October 2, 2015.

## InfoBox

| H. Craig Severance | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1879-07-01)July 1, 1879
Chazy, New York |
| Died | September 2, 1941(1941-09-02) (aged 62)
Neptune Township, New Jersey |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse | Faith Griswold Thompson |
|  | |
| Practice | Carrere and Hastings |
| Buildings | Nelson Tower, 40 Wall Street, Montague-Court Building, Taft Hotel |
|  | |


title: Waigaoqiao Power Station

abstract: The Waigaoqiao Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Pudong, Shanghai, China. With an installed capacity of 5,000 MW, it is the 7th largest coal-fired power station in the world.. The power stations produces up to 11.4 TWh of energy annually. It is owned by China Power Investment, a local power company.

text:
# Waigaoqiao Power Station

The **Waigaoqiao Power Station** (Chinese: 外高桥发电厂; pinyin: *Wàigāoqiáo Fādiànchǎng*) is a coal-fired power station in Pudong, Shanghai, China. With an installed capacity of 5,000 MW, it is the 7th largest coal-fired power station in the world. (It shares this title with the Guodian Beilun, Guohua Taishan, and Jiaxing power stations). The power stations produces up to 11.4 TWh of energy annually. It is owned by China Power Investment, a local power company.

## Transportation

The power station is accessible within walking distance north east of North Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Station of Shanghai Metro.

## InfoBox

| Waigaoqiao Power Station
外高桥发电厂 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | China |
| Location | Shanghai |
| Coordinates | 31°21′21″N 121°35′54″E / 31.35583°N 121.59833°E / 31.35583; 121.59833 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | * 1995 |
| Owners | China Power Investment |
| Operators |  |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Coal |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 4 X 300 MW (subcritical)
2 X 900 MW (ultra supercritical)
2 X 1,000 MW (ultra supercritical) |
| Nameplate capacity | 5,000 MW |
| Annual net output | 11.4 TWh |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: WRKJ

abstract: WRKJ is a Christian radio station licensed to Westbrook, Maine, broadcasting on 88.5 MHz FM. WRKJ is owned by Word Radio Educational Foundation. The station is also simulcast on 91.7 WWPC in New Durham, New Hampshire.

text:
# WRKJ

**WRKJ** is a Christian radio station licensed to Westbrook, Maine, broadcasting on 88.5 MHz FM. WRKJ is owned by Word Radio Educational Foundation. The station is also simulcast on 91.7 WWPC in New Durham, New Hampshire.

## InfoBox

WRKJ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Greater Portland |
| Frequency | 88.5 FM (MHz) |
| Branding | Word Radio Life |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Word Radio Educational Foundation |
| Sister stations | WMEK, WSEW, WWPC |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 172500 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,000 watts |
| HAAT | 108 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°41′10″N 70°30′30″W / 43.68611°N 70.50833°W / 43.68611; -70.50833 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.wordradio.net/wrkj-and-wwpc/ |


title: Waking Up in Vegas

abstract: "Waking Up in Vegas" is a song by American singer Katy Perry, released as the fourth and final single from her second studio album, One of the Boys (2008). Perry wrote the song with Desmond Child and Andreas Carlsson, and Greg Wells produced it, who is also credited for playing all the instruments on the song. It was officially released to US radio stations on April 21, 2009. "Waking Up in Vegas" is a pop rock track about an underage couple getting drunk and blowing their money in Las Vegas, paying homage to the phrase "what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas." The song reached the top ten in eight countries, including the United States, where it peaked at number nine and became Perry's third top ten single. It also reached number one on the Mainstream Top 40 subchart and on Hungarian radio. The music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and it features Perry and actor Joel David Moore in Vegas partying and gambling. Perry performed the track during her Hello Katy Tour and California Dreams Tour, and an acoustic snippet was sung during the Las Vegas show of Witness: The Tour. The song is a playable track in the 2015 video game Guitar Hero Live and was added to Rock Band 4 in March 2022 as DLC. The song was used to promote Perry's concert residency at Resorts World Las Vegas, which began in December 2021.

text:
# Waking Up in Vegas

"**Waking Up in Vegas**" is a song by American singer Katy Perry, released as the fourth and final single from her second studio album, *One of the Boys* (2008). Perry wrote the song with Desmond Child and Andreas Carlsson, and Greg Wells produced it, who is also credited for playing all the instruments on the song. It was officially released to US radio stations on April 21, 2009. "Waking Up in Vegas" is a pop rock track about an underage couple getting drunk and blowing their money in Las Vegas, paying homage to the phrase "what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas."

The song reached the top ten in eight countries, including the United States, where it peaked at number nine and became Perry's third top ten single. It also reached number one on the Mainstream Top 40 subchart and on Hungarian radio. The music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and it features Perry and actor Joel David Moore in Vegas partying and gambling. Perry performed the track during her Hello Katy Tour and California Dreams Tour, and an acoustic snippet was sung during the Las Vegas show of Witness: The Tour. The song is a playable track in the 2015 video game *Guitar Hero Live* and was added to *Rock Band 4* in March 2022 as DLC. The song was used to promote Perry's concert residency at Resorts World Las Vegas, which began in December 2021.

## Background and release

According to A&R Chris Anokute, "Waking Up in Vegas" played a significant role in initiating Perry's pivotal move to Capitol Records. Having been recorded while still under contract with Columbia Records for an album that was then shelved, Anokute later heard the track on a three-song demo and tried to convince his employers at Capitol to sign Perry, claiming it was a number-one single and its singer a star talent. In an interview with HitQuarters, one of the songwriters of the song, Andreas Carlsson, claimed that he worked together with Perry and Desmond Child to write "Waking Up in Vegas". Carlsson remarked that they "really wanted to tell the story that described that moment when everybody's checking out on Vegas after they've had their fun. And Katy is the perfect artist to tell such a story – she has humour, and she knows how to deliver it." Carlsson also said that two of the first aspects of the song to be composed were the main guitar riff – which he already had pre-prepared – and the phrase "put your money where your mouth is," which they were very keen to use and which for a time was almost used as the song's title.

In an interview for *Pop Eater*, Perry revealed the inspiration behind the track:

> What inspired it \[was\] this boy I was dating at the time. I was 21. We went to Vegas on a whim and we decided to get fake married. We took all the pictures with the minister, with the fake cake, in the fake chapel and got a fake marriage certificate. We went and bought a wedding dress and a suit at a thrift store, and scanned the pictures and the certificate to my family members, my manager at the time \[and\] totally freaked the shit out of them. It was the most hilarious, stupid prank I've ever pulled. I still have the wedding dress and the certificate.

"Waking Up in Vegas" was eventually picked as the album's fourth and final single, being sent to US radio stations on April 21, 2009. On the single's artwork, Perry is seen with two dice behind her, giving more emphasis to the song's lyrical content of being in Vegas. A digital extended play containing the radio edit, Calvin Harris remix, Jason Nevins remixes and Manhattan Clique remixes was released on June 5, 2009. Later in June, the CD single featuring the radio edit version of the song and the Calvin Harris remix edit was released in United Kingdom and Germany.

## Composition and lyrics

"Waking Up in Vegas" was produced by Greg Wells, who is also responsible for all instruments in the track, as well as for recording the track at the Rocket Carousel Studio, in Los Angeles, California. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, by Alfred Music Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major, and moves at a tempo of 126 beats per minute. Perry's vocals span from the low note of A3 to the high note of C5. Musically, the song has been described as a pop rock song. Lyrically, according to Plugged In (publication), "Waking Up in Vegas" talks about an underage couple get\[ting\] drunk and blow\[ing\] their money before \[literally\] 'waking up in Vegas'." Perry added that the song is not about apologizing, "\[It's\] basically a song about getting into trouble with your best friend or your boyfriend or your girlfriend – or whoever you're with – and not having any 'I'm sorry for what I did'."

## Reception

Following the lower chart position of her previous single "Thinking of You", "Waking Up In Vegas" saw Perry return to the top ten as it peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her third top-ten single.

"Waking Up In Vegas" debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 107, following her performance on *Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway*, and peaked at number 19.

"Waking Up in Vegas" also went on to become Perry's second number one hit on Mainstream Top 40, matching the airplay success of "Hot n Cold". In Canada, the song peaked at number two. On the Irish Singles Chart, it peaked at number eight. Ultimately, the song's success was considered a rebound for Perry after "Thinking of You" failed to ignite the charts. The single also helped *One of the Boys* return to the top 50 of the *Billboard* 200 albums chart. "Waking Up in Vegas" was the 33rd most purchased song on iTunes in the US during 2009. As of January 2015, the song has sold 2.3 million copies in the U.S. The song also peaked at number nine in New Zealand and is certified Gold.

*Billboard* gave the song a positive review, stating it's Perry's "most radio-friendly song yet." Digital Spy gave "Waking Up in Vegas" 3/5 stars, calling the song "a giddy pop-rock romp featuring an ace sing-along chorus."

## Music video

The music video was directed by Joseph Kahn, and was shot in Las Vegas, Nevada, on March 26, 2009. It was released on April 28, 2009, on the Australian, UK, and U.S. iTunes Store.

The video begins with Perry holding hands with her love interest, played by Joel David Moore. They are in a laundromat, standing in front of a slot machine. It is the morning after the night before, setting the theme of the song's lyric, "That's what you get for waking up in Vegas". Moore drops one coin into the slot machine and pulls the handle. Three "blazing 7" symbols land on the payline, and the machine delivers a jackpot in quarters. Moore and Perry look at each other in astonishment.

The next scene shows them winning at roulette the night before. They then head to the hotel room, where they kick out Penn and Teller. Subsequent scenes show the couple playing various casino games and parlaying their winnings into millions, defeating poker legend Daniel Negreanu, and being welcomed into the Palms Hotel by owners Gavin and George J. Maloof Jr.

As the winning streak continues, Perry and Moore enjoy a lavish lifestyle, racing through the streets of Las Vegas in his-and-hers Lamborghini Murciélagos. At the height of the streak, they are dressed in show costumes while riding in chariots down Fremont Street, accompanied by a fire-breather and an elephant. They end by feasting at a Roman-style banquet, with visuals that recall the Last Supper.

Perry and Moore kiss in a money booth. After the kiss, the couple's luck changes. They begin to argue. They lose all their winnings except a single quarter and are ejected from their hotel suite (which Penn and Teller reclaim, even performing a card trick before slamming the door on the couple). Perry steals food from a room service tray.

The video ends in the laundromat where it began. The couple is broke; Moore places their single remaining coin in the slot machine and pulls the handle. Three "blazing 7" symbols land on the payline, and the machine delivers a jackpot in quarters. Moore and Perry look at each other in astonishment as the screen goes black.

## Live performances

Perry performed "Waking Up in Vegas" on *Later... with Jools Holland* in September 2008. She was also a guest on *Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway* in March 2009 where she performed "Waking Up in Vegas" instead of her then-current single, "Thinking of You", which had been released that month. She performed on a Las Vegas-themed stage with her backing band dressed as Elvis Presley. The single was released to Australian radio on March 23, where it became the fourth most added song in its release week. Perry performed the song on *American Idol* on May 13, 2009. During the performance, she was dressed in an Elvis-themed outfit and a cape emblazoned with Adam Lambert's name on it.

Perry performed the song on July 24, 2009, on NBC's *Today* show in New York's Rockefeller Plaza. The song was a part of the Perry's set list on Warped Tour and her opening act for No Doubt's Summer Tour 2009. It was the main set closer for the Hello Katy Tour and ending the first segment of California Dreams Tour, which Perry danced with Elvis impersonators and Vegas showgirls, before chasing a slot-machine offstage. During the Vegas stop of Witness: The Tour, Perry sang an acoustic snippet of the song for fans, before performing "Thinking of You". During her Las Vegas residency Play, Perry sang a jazz version.

## Track listing

## Remixes

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from CD single liner notes and Tidal.

Publishing and recording locations * Published by When I'm Rich You'll Be My Bitch/Desmando Music/Andreas Carlsson Publishing AR/WB Music Corp
* Recorded at Rocket Carousel Studio, Los Angeles, California
* Mixed at MixStar Studios, Virginia Beach, Virginia
* Mastered at Bornie Grundman Mastering, Hollywood, California

Personnel

## Charts and certifications

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Waking Up in Vegas"
| Region | Date | Format | Version(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | April 21, 2009 | Contemporary hit radio | Original | Capitol |  |
| | May 18, 2009 | | | Hot adult contemporary radio |  |
| Italy | June 4, 2009 | | Radio airplay | Polydor |  |
| Various | June 5, 2009 | Digital download | Remixes EP | Capitol |  |
| United Kingdom | June 8, 2009 | CD |  |  |  |
| Germany | | | June 19, 2009 | Capitol |  |

## InfoBox

| "Waking Up in Vegas" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Katy Perry | |
| from the album  *One of the Boys* | |
| Released | April 21, 2009 (2009-04-21) |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Studio | Rocket Carousel Studio (Los Angeles) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:19 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Katy Perry singles chronology | |
| "Thinking of You"
(2009) "**Waking Up in Vegas**"
(2009) "Starstrukk"
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Music videos | |
| "Waking Up in Vegas" on YouTube
"Waking Up in Vegas (Manhattan Clique Remix)" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Waking and Dreaming

abstract: Waking and Dreaming is the fourth studio album by American pop rock band Orleans. It was released in August 1976 by Asylum Records. The album reached number 30 on Billboard's Top LPs & Tape chart and spawned the singles "Still the One" and "Reach". Cash Box said of "Reach" that it "exhibits harmonic similarities to ['Still the One'], substituting a funky beat for the shuffle." Other reviewers found gospel music elements in "Reach." Record World said that it has "an early Doobie Brothers-type sound." Cash Box said of "Spring Fever" that "a saxophone gets it sizzling, and sinewey pop melodies and confident harmonies from this versatile collection of musicians keep it going." Record World said "With the snow melting, the temperature rising, and the days getting longer, it's time for spring fever. After coming off two successful chart records, the group is poised to herald in the season in fine style." Two non-album tracks were released as B-sides. The song "Siam Sam", written and sung by Wells Kelly, backed "Still the One" while the song "Sweet Destiny", another Larry Hoppen/Marilyn Mason composition sung by Larry Hoppen, appeared on the single "Reach".

text:
# Waking and Dreaming

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Waking and Dreaming*** is the fourth studio album by American pop rock band Orleans. It was released in August 1976 by Asylum Records. The album reached number 30 on *Billboard*'s Top LPs & Tape chart and spawned the singles "Still the One" (number five) and "Reach" (number 51).

*Cash Box* said of "Reach" that it "exhibits harmonic similarities to \['Still the One'\], substituting a funky beat for the shuffle." Other reviewers found gospel music elements in "Reach." *Record World* said that it has "an early Doobie Brothers-type sound."

*Cash Box* said of "Spring Fever" that "a saxophone gets it sizzling, and sinewey pop melodies and confident harmonies from this versatile collection of musicians keep it going." *Record World* said "With the snow melting, the temperature rising, and the days getting longer, it's time for spring fever. After coming off two successful chart records, the group is poised to herald in the season in fine style."

Two non-album tracks were released as B-sides. The song "Siam Sam", written and sung by Wells Kelly (also co-written by an uncredited Chris Myers), backed "Still the One" while the song "Sweet Destiny", another Larry Hoppen/Marilyn Mason composition sung by Larry Hoppen, appeared on the single "Reach".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by John Hall and Johanna Hall, except where noted

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Reach" | 4:20 |
| 2. | "What I Need" | 4:42 |
| 3. | "If I Don't Have You" | 4:03 |
| 4. | "Waking and Dreaming" | 6:20 |
| 5. | "Sails" | 2:06 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Still the One" | 3:53 |
| 7. | "The Bum" (writer: Wells Kelly) | 2:31 |
| 8. | "Golden State" | 3:38 |
| 9. | "The Path" | 3:52 |
| 10. | "Spring Fever" (writers: Marilyn Mason, Larry Hoppen) | 4:10 |

## Personnel

* John Hall – electric guitar  (1–4, 6, 7, 9, 10), lead vocals (1–5, 8, 9), backing vocals  (6, 7, 10) , acoustic guitar (5, 8), synthesizer (5)
* Larry Hoppen – electric piano (1, 5, 6, 10), backing vocals (1, 3, 5, 7, 9), lead vocals (2, 4, 6, 10), electric guitar (2, 4, 6, 7), organ (1, 3, 9), synthesizer (3), clavinet (10)
* Lance Hoppen – bass (all tracks), backing vocals (all but 8), synthesizer (8)
* Wells Kelly – drums (1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10), backing vocals (1–4, 6, 9, 10), piano (3, 8), percussion (9), lead vocals (7), lead electric guitar (7), organ (4), tambourine (6)
* Jerry Marotta – drums (all but 5), percussion (5, 9), congas (1), backing vocals (10)

additional personnel

## Charts

| Chart (1976) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 87 |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (*RPM*) | 34 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 17 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 30 |

## InfoBox

| Waking and Dreaming | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Orleans | |
| Released | August 1976 (1976-08) |
| Studio | Sound Factory (Hollywood) |
| Genre | Soft rock |
| Length | 39:35 |
| Label | Asylum |
| Producer | Chuck Plotkin |
| Orleans chronology | |
| *Let There Be Music*
(1975) ***Waking and Dreaming***
(1976) *Forever*
(1979) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Waking and Dreaming* | |
| 1. "Still the One"
Released: August 1976 2. "Reach"
Released: 1977 3. "Spring Fever"
Released: 1977 | |
|  | |


title: Waking in the Blue

abstract: "Waking in the Blue" is a poem by Robert Lowell that was published in his book Life Studies and is a striking, early example of confessional poetry. Of the handful of poems from Life Studies in which Lowell explored his struggles with mental illness, this poem was one of Lowell's most forthright admissions that he was mentally ill. Though he does not discuss the exact nature of his mental illness in the poem, he does describe his hospitalization in a mental institution. Lowell's admission of having spent time in a mental institution was considered a brave one to make when he published the poem in 1959, when public disclosure of mental illness was a serious social taboo.

text:
# Waking in the Blue

"**Waking in the Blue**" is a poem by Robert Lowell that was published in his book *Life Studies* and is a striking, early example of confessional poetry. Of the handful of poems from *Life Studies* in which Lowell explored his struggles with mental illness, this poem was one of Lowell's most forthright admissions that he was mentally ill. Though he does not discuss the exact nature of his mental illness in the poem, he does describe his hospitalization in a mental institution. Lowell's admission of having spent time in a mental institution was considered a brave one to make when he published the poem in 1959, when public disclosure of mental illness was a serious social taboo.

## Composition

Lowell wrote the first draft of the poem at the end of January 1958 while at the McLean Hospital in Belmont near Boston. The title of that first draft was "To Ann Adden (Written during the first week of my voluntary stay at McLean's Mental Hospital)". Ann Adden was a "psychiatric fieldworker" whom he had met while he was a patient at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital the previous year. In a manic state, Lowell became temporarily convinced that he was in love with her.

The first draft was formally loose. However, the final draft was 25 lines shorter and in places rhyme and snatches of regular meter were introduced to tighten up the poem.

## Cultural references

* Hamilton, Ian, *Robert Lowell: A Biography*, Random House, New York, 1982. ISBN 0-394-50965-X.

## Footnotes


title: Waking into Nightmares

abstract: Waking into Nightmares is the second album by the American thrash metal band Warbringer, released on May 19, 2009, in the U.S. and May 25, 2009, in Europe. It was produced by Gary Holt, guitarist of thrash metal band Exodus. The cover art was painted by Dan Seagrave. A video for the song Severed Reality was produced. Waking into Nightmares sold around 2,000 copies in its first week of release in the U.S.

text:
# Waking into Nightmares

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Rock Sound* |  |

***Waking into Nightmares*** is the second album by the American thrash metal band Warbringer, released on May 19, 2009, in the U.S. and May 25, 2009, in Europe. It was produced by Gary Holt, guitarist of thrash metal band Exodus. The cover art was painted by Dan Seagrave. A video for the song Severed Reality was produced. Waking into Nightmares sold around 2,000 copies in its first week of release in the U.S.

## Track listing

All music by Warbringer, all lyrics by John Kevill, except track 8 by Ben Bennett

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jackal" | 3:09 |
| 2. | "Living in a Whirlwind" | 3:21 |
| 3. | "Severed Reality" | 3:59 |
| 4. | "Scorched Earth" | 3:44 |
| 5. | "Abandoned by Time" | 4:21 |
| 6. | "Prey for Death" | 4:46 |
| 7. | "Nightmare Anatomy" (instrumental) | 4:02 |
| 8. | "Shadow from the Tomb" | 4:07 |
| 9. | "Senseless Life" | 4:57 |
| 10. | "Forgotten Dead" | 4:03 |
| Total length: | | 40:14 |

### Bonus tracks

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "The Road Warrior" | 3:47 |
| 12. | "Humans to Kill (a re-recording of "Zombie", a pre-Warbringer band)" | 4:02 |
| Total length: | | 48:03 |

## Personnel

**Warbringer**

* John Kevill – vocals
* John Laux – lead guitar
* Adam Carroll – rhythm guitar
* Ben Bennett – bass, vocals on track 8
* Nic Ritter – drums

**Production**

* Gary Holt – production, guitar solo on track 11
* Adam Myatt – engineering
* Zack Ohren – mixing
* Dan Seagrave – artwork

## InfoBox

| Waking into Nightmares | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Warbringer | |
| Released | May 19, 2009 (US)
May 25, 2009 (EU) |
| Recorded | January 2009 |
| Studio | Sharkbite Studios, Oakland, California |
| Genre | Thrash metal |
| Length | 40:14 |
| Label | Century Media |
| Producer | Gary Holt |
| Warbringer chronology | |
| *War Without End*
(2008) ***Waking into Nightmares***
(2009) *Worlds Torn Asunder*
(2011) | |


title: NZSA Laura Solomon Cuba Press Prize

abstract: The NZSA Laura Solomon Cuba Press Prize is an award for published and unpublished New Zealand writers. It is named after New Zealand writer Laura Solomon, who died in 2019, and funded by a gift from her family. It was first awarded in 2021.

text:
# NZSA Laura Solomon Cuba Press Prize

The **NZSA Laura Solomon Cuba Press Prize** is an award for published and unpublished New Zealand writers. It is named after New Zealand writer Laura Solomon, who died in 2019, and funded by a gift from her family. It was first awarded in 2021.

## History

The NZSA Laura Solomon Cuba Press Prize is an award which celebrates and commemorates the life and work of New Zealand writer Laura Solomon. Laura Solomon was a poet, novelist, playwright and software developer and a long time member of NZSA. When she was 22, her first novel *Black Light* was published, but her writing career was later cut short by the diagnosis of a brain tumour and she died on 18 February 2019, aged 44.

The Prize is open to published or unpublished authors who have New Zealand citizenship or are permanent residents of New Zealand and covers manuscripts from a wide range of genres including fiction, poetry, drama, creative non fiction and writing for children. The judging criteria, as set by Laura Solomon, call for new writing with a unique and original vision.

The Prize was established and funded from a bequest from Laura Solomon and The Solomon Family. It is judged by a three-person panel consisting of one New Zealand literary figure and representatives from the Solomon family and The Cuba Press. The winner is awarded a cash award of $1000 (as an advance) and a publishing contract with The Cuba Press.

The Prize was first administered in 2020 with the announcement of the inaugural winner being made in 2021.

## List of winners by year

**2021:** Lizzie Harwood: *Polaroid Nights*

**2022:** Rachel Fenton: *Between the Flags*

Runner-up: Philippa Werry: *Iris and Me*

**2023**: Lee Murray: *Fox Spirit on a Distant Cloud*

Runner-up: Melanie Kwang: *Faultlines*


title: H. K. Suresh

abstract: Hullalli K. Suresh is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Belur Assembly constituency in Hassan district. He represents Bharatiya Janata Party and won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election.

text:
# H. K. Suresh

**Hullalli K. Suresh** (born 1971) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Belur Assembly constituency in Hassan district. He represents Bharatiya Janata Party and won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election.

## Early life and education

Suresh is born in Belur to Kempe Gowda. He runs his own business. He completed his Civil Engineering in 1991 from Amaragin Polytechnic, Arasikere, Hassan District.

## Career

Suresh won the Belur Assembly seat representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 63,571 votes and defeated his nearest rival, B. Shivaramu of Indian National Congress, by a margin of 7.736 votes.


title: Naim Popal

abstract: Naim Popal is an Afghan singer, songwriter, and composer. In 2006, Popal returned to perform for a New Year concert in Afghanistan after 30 years in exile.

text:
# Naim Popal

**Naim Popal** (Pashto/Dari: نعیم پوپل) (born 18 June 1954) is an Afghan singer, songwriter, and composer.

In 2006, Popal returned to perform for a New Year concert in Afghanistan after 30 years in exile.

## Biography

Naim Popal was born on 18 June 1954, into a Popalzai family, in the Demazang district in Kabul, Afghanistan. His father, Sayed Ahmad, worked at the Ministry of Energy while his mother, Rabia, took care of home duties. He is the middle child amongst five brothers and four sisters. His passion for music began at the age of nine, where he began singing and playing harmonium for his friends and classmates. His sister in law supported him at the time a lot to make his music career. He attended the high schools of Habibiya and Shahey Du Shamshera. At Shahey Du Shamshera, he started a band called "Lalaha" (The Tulips). The name originated from a 1963 French film starring Alain Delon, whom Naim had greatly admired in his youth. The band consisted of Samey Khaluqi on drums, Nazer Baluch on bass guitar, Waqil Rawoufi on lead guitar, while Naim served as the vocalist and keyboardist. The band gained fame among the youth in Kabul and held many concerts in Kabul, Mazari Sharif, and Jalal-Abad. Eventually, Naim wanted to embark as a solo artist and approached Radio Kabul for a potential career.

At the age of 18, Naim arrived at Radio Kabul for auditions. The studio executives were impressed with his marketable good looks and his soft, mesmerizing vocal range. They immediately asked him to bring in musicians and record a few singles. During the summer of 1972, Naim released his first single, "Laila Nowroz Ast". The song became an instant classic and launched the young Naim as a household name. At the same time, he worked as a sound technician at Afghan Film alongside Ahmad Zahir, who was also a talented singer and would have a major influence on Naim's artistic spirit. Naim also worked at Radio Kabul as a producer for one of their popular game shows, *Musabequay Zeeni*. While recording at Radio Kabul, Naim released many singles that were featured on compilations released by the Ariana Music and Afghan Music record labels. Memorable songs from this time period are "Marday Tanha" and "Simin Bari Gul", which highlight Naim's singing abilities. As his music career thrived, Naim began headlining various festivals and performing at concerts throughout Afghanistan.

By 1975, Naim had reached superstardom in his native country and strove to expand his career to the next level. He consequently decided to leave Kabul for the thriving Iranian music scene. When Naim arrived in Tehran, he met up with close friend and fellow musician Khalil Ragheb. Together, they began playing music at small concerts and festivals in Tehran and Mashad. Naim became a superstar in Iran and was cherished alongside the many elite singers of that time such as Googoosh, Dariush, Ebi and many others. He recorded two tapes during this era with Khalil Ragheb; they took turns singing and composing tracks on both tapes. The duo also filmed several videos (which can be found on YouTube) for Rangarang Television, the mainstream Iranian music program, such as "Faghan Faghan", "Gunga Shawe Yaar", "Alisher-e-Khoda", and "Delakam". Memorable studio songs from this time period are "Shabgard", which speaks of a broken heart, and "Alisher-e-Khoda", which speaks of his love of spirituality. In "Shabgard" he showcased his true vocal ability by hitting notes that would be considered difficult by most singers and setting the standard by delivering those notes with ease.

When the Iranian Revolution occurred, Naim moved to the United States, where he continued his career in the city of Los Angeles. During that time, he began working with composers/arrangers such as Hassan Shamaizadeh, Ustad Shawali Taranasaz, Manouchehr Cheshmazar, Andranik and Naweed Nahwi. The result of these collaborations you can hear on the tape *Aashenha*, which is widely considered to be one of the greatest Afghan/Persian albums of all time. The lush arrangements and superb vocals showcased an artist that would melt the heart of millions. After *Aashenha* was released, Naim travelled all across the US, singing for thousands of Afghan and Persian families who had migrated to the US due to political turmoil in their home countries. He was the only Afghan singer who was entertaining families during the 1980s, the vast majority of other singers were still in Afghanistan, singing under the Communist Regime.

Throughout the '80s, he released several tapes for the Afghan community, including *Shahkhaye Bishkasta* in 1984, produced by Homayoon Jan, owner of Zazoo's restaurant in Oakland, CA. Other tapes released were *Ashq-E-Asemon*, *Mataab* and *Sitayeshgar*.

## InfoBox

| نعیم پوپل
Naim Popal | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1954-06-18) 18 June 1954
Kabul, Afghanistan |
| Genres | Pop, dance, ghazal |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter, composer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, piano, harmonium, tabla |
| Years active | 1972–present |


title: Güneşören, Osmancık

abstract: Güneşören is a village in the Osmancık District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 149 (2022).

text:
# Güneşören, Osmancık

**Güneşören** is a village in the Osmancık District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 149 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Güneşören | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| GüneşörenLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°02′26″N 34°54′51″E / 41.04056°N 34.91417°E / 41.04056; 34.91417 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çorum |
| District | Osmancık |
| Population (2022) | 149 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Najma Sadeque

abstract: Najma Sadeque from Pakistan was a leading woman journalist, author, human rights activist, particularly of women's rights, an artist, an environmentalist, and a painter. She also did research on socioeconomic issues and authored many books and wrote articles. She co-founded Shirkat Gah in 1975, a women's NGO to highlight human rights violations against women. She also co-founded the Women’s Action Forum (WAF), Pakistan.

text:
# Najma Sadeque

**Najma Sadeque** (1943 – 8 January 2015) from Pakistan was a leading woman journalist, author, human rights activist, particularly of women's rights, an artist, an environmentalist, and a painter. She also did research on socioeconomic issues and authored many books and wrote articles. She co-founded *Shirkat Gah* in 1975, a women's NGO to highlight human rights violations against women. She also co-founded the Women’s Action Forum (WAF), Pakistan.

## Biography

Sadeque was born in 1943 in Bengal, British India and was brought up in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in an atmosphere of land farming which dictated her future thinking. She studied at the Viqarunnisa Noon School and College in Dhaka and was known for her special skill in writing in English. After her marriage she moved to Karachi where she initially worked as a copywriter for an advertising agency. When she was 19 she held her first exhibition of paintings in Karachi.

Sadeque started working as a journalist for several newspapers, initially with *Dawn* and then worked for *The News* and *The News International*.

In 1975, perturbed by the extent of human rights violations in her country, Sadeque, along with seven others, established an NGO called *Shirkat Gah*. She also founded the Women's Action Forum (WAF) in Pakistan in 1981; this was mainly dictated by the violations of women's rights under the laws promulgated by General Zia-ul-Haq, then President of Pakistan. She produced the "WE – a weekly magazine" for *The News*, later renamed as "The News on Friday" and further changed to "The News on Sunday", which covered a wide spectrum of topics. After leaving *The News*, she worked as a freelance journalist for several newspapers, including *The News*, on subjects related to human rights, gender issues, and the environment. After she discontinued working for the newspapers, she devoted her time mostly to promote the activities of the *Shirkat Gah* and the WAF.

## Death

Sadeque died of renal failure and chest congestion at Karachi on 8 January 2015 at the age of 72. Deneb Sumbul, her daughter, who is a producer of documentaries, said in an obituary to her mother:

> In how many ways can I describe my wonderful indomitable mother – she wore so many hats – an activist to the last, journalist for over 35 years, one of the founding members of WAF and someone who had so many interests and never short on wonderful ideas and new perspectives".

In her last article published in the "You magazine" of *The News*, Sadeque wrote: "Activists have to boost women's courage to exercise their vote accordingly. It has everything to do with human rights and democracy. Start talking".

## Publications

Sadeque, based on her extensive research, authored many books and articles, such as *How They Run Pakistan*, *How They Run the World*, *How They Kill the World*, *Financial Terrorism*, and *Ground Realities*. Her articles also included in many international publications and books. At the time of her death, she was editing the English translation of her mother Dr. Syeda Fatima Sadeque's work on Quran.

**Bibliography**

## InfoBox

| Najma Sadeque | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1943
Bengal, British India |
| Died | 8 January 2015
Karachi |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, author, human rights activist |
| Known for | Founding of Shirkat Gah (1975)
Women's Action Forum (WAF), Pakistan (1986) |
| Notable work | *How They Run Pakistan*, *How They Run the World*, and others |


title: NZR Q class (1878)

abstract: The NZR Q class were a pair of 2-4-4T type tank engines built by Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works in New Jersey. They were similar, in appearance, to the earlier K class of the same manufacturer and were purchased by the Rakaia & Ashburton Forks Railway Company for working their newly constructed railway to Methven from Rakaia, which later became the Methven Branch.

text:
# NZR Q class (1878)

The **NZR Q class** were a pair of 2-4-4T type tank engines built by Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works in New Jersey. They were similar, in appearance, to the earlier K class of the same manufacturer and were purchased by the Rakaia & Ashburton Forks Railway Company for working their newly constructed railway to Methven from Rakaia, which later became the Methven Branch.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| NZR Q Class (1878) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type and origin  Builder Rogers  Build date 1878  Total produced 2 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 2-4-4T  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)  Driver dia. 48 in (1.219 m)  Adhesive weight 14.2 long tons (14.4 t; 15.9 short tons)  Loco weight 29 long tons (29.5 tonnes; 32.5 short tons)  Fuel type Coal  Firebox:   Grate area 8 sq ft (0.74 m2)  Boiler pressure 130 lbf/in2 (896 kPa)  Heating surface 424 sq ft (39.4 m2)  Cylinders Two, outside  Cylinder size 11 in × 158 in (279 mm × 4,013 mm) | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort 4,062 lbf (18.07 kN) | |
| Career  Operators Rakaia & Ashburton Forks Railway, NZR  Class Q  Number in class 2  Numbers 17, 51  First run August 1879  Last run 1897  Disposition Both scrapped | |


title: NZR RM class (McEwan Pratt)

abstract: The NZR RM class McEwan Pratt petrol rail motor was the first rail motor to run on New Zealand's national rail network, though it was never used in revenue service. It was built in 1912 at a time when the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) was seeking alternative methods of providing rural passenger transportation. "Mixed" trains that carried both passengers and freight were typical on country branch lines as there was not sufficient traffic to justify a separate passenger train, but the schedule delays caused by loading and unloading freight during the journey made the mixed trains undesirable.

text:
# NZR RM class (McEwan Pratt)

The **NZR RM class McEwan Pratt petrol rail motor** (misspelt as *MacEwan-Pratt* by some authors) was the first rail motor to run on New Zealand's national rail network, though it was never used in revenue service. It was built in 1912 at a time when the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) was seeking alternative methods of providing rural passenger transportation. "Mixed" trains that carried both passengers and freight were typical on country branch lines as there was not sufficient traffic to justify a separate passenger train, but the schedule delays caused by loading and unloading freight during the journey made the mixed trains undesirable.

## Introduction

NZR began investigating whether railcars could provide a more efficient passenger service with low operating costs. At the time, railcar technology was new and the rugged nature of New Zealand's terrain made the task of finding a successful design more difficult.

The railcar's four-cylinder petrol engine and running gear were supplied by the English company McEwan Pratt, a predecessor of Baguley Cars Ltd. Its 4.87-metre long wooden body, which resembled a tram of that era, was built at the Railways Department's Newmarket Workshops. The engine was located in the middle of the railcar with transmission provided by chain drive to just one of the two axles. A total of twelve people could be seated in the gas-illuminated passenger compartment, and driver's controls were at just one end despite the tram resemblance. On a trial run between Frankton and Putāruru in early 1913, it reached a speed of 50 km/h, at the time a fast speed for a rural line in New Zealand. It then broke down, and after attempts to fix it were fruitless, research in different directions was undertaken. NZR dismantled it in May 1913.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Churchman, Geoffrey B; Hurst, Tony (2001) \[1990, 1991\]. *The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey through History* (Second ed.). Transpress New Zealand. ISBN 0-908876-20-3.
* Wellington Tramway Museum, *Where Railcars Roamed* (Wellington: Wellington Tramway Museum, 1999), p. 4.


title: NZR P class (1876)

abstract: The NZR P class was a class of two 0-6-0ST locomotives built to work on the government-owned national rail network of New Zealand in 1876. They were initially ordered by the Otago Provincial Council, but they were soon incorporated into the national locomotive fleet when the provinces were abolished. Other examples of the P class were built for industrial service and never came under the ownership of the New Zealand Railways Department, though one worked on the Kaitangata Line.

text:
# NZR P class (1876)

The **NZR P class** was a class of two 0-6-0ST locomotives built to work on the government-owned national rail network of New Zealand in 1876. They were initially ordered by the Otago Provincial Council, but they were soon incorporated into the national locomotive fleet when the provinces were abolished. Other examples of the P class were built for industrial service and never came under the ownership of the New Zealand Railways Department, though one worked on the Kaitangata Line.

## History

The two P class locomotives owned by the Railways Department were known as *Kiwi* and *Weka* and they soon passed to the ownership of others, allowing the P classification to be used again in 1885. *Weka* was the first to leave the ownership of the Railways Department in 1882, when it was acquired by the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, who used it for construction and maintenance purposes until 1898. It then came into the possession of the Manawatu County Council's Sanson Tramway, who operated it until 1922, when it passed into the ownership of Mangawhero Sawmilling Co at Karioi and was ultimately scrapped in 1932. *Kiwi* left the Railways Department's ownership a few years after *Weka*, just before the arrival of the second P class in 1885. It worked for a number of sawmilling companies throughout the North Island for over half a century, but was derelict in 1956.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| NZR P class | |
| --- | --- |
| *Weka* | |
| Type and origin  Builder Davidson  Build date 1876  Total produced 2 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 0-6-0ST  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)  Driver dia. 28 in (0.711 m)  Loco weight 12 long tons (12.2 tonnes; 13.4 short tons)  Fuel type Coal  Firebox:   Grate area 3.5 sq ft (0.33 m2)  Boiler pressure 120 lbf/in2 (827 kPa)  Heating surface 161 sq ft (15.0 m2)  Cylinders Two, outside  Cylinder size 8 in × 15 in (203 mm × 381 mm) | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort 3,328 lbf (14.80 kN) | |
| Career  Operators NZR | |


title: Walk of the Stars

abstract: The Walk of the Stars was a section of the Bandstand Promenade in Bandra, Mumbai honouring Bollywood film stars. The path features about six statues of famous Bollywood actors as well as about 100 brass plates embossed with the handprints and signatures of other stars. The walk is inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It is funded and privately managed by UTV and promoted through their UTV Stars television channel. The walk is 2 km long. It was inaugurated by actress Kareena Kapoor on 28 March 2012, with actor Randhir Kapoor and filmmaker Madhur Bhandarkar also present. The section was dissolved in 2014.

text:
# Walk of the Stars

The **Walk of the Stars** was a section of the Bandstand Promenade in Bandra, Mumbai honouring Bollywood film stars. The path features about six statues of famous Bollywood actors as well as about 100 brass plates embossed with the handprints and signatures of other stars. The walk is inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It is funded and privately managed by UTV and promoted through their UTV Stars television channel. The walk is 2 km long. It was inaugurated by actress Kareena Kapoor on 28 March 2012, with actor Randhir Kapoor and filmmaker Madhur Bhandarkar also present. The section was dissolved in 2014.

## Cost

A brass statue on the Walk of Stars cost 3.5 million (US$42,000).

## Stars honoured

The following stars had been honoured with an autograph, tile or statue on the Walk of the Stars.

| Name | Autograph | Handprint | Statue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Anupam Kher |  |  |  |
| Ashok Kumar |  |  |  |
| Ajay Devgan |  |  |  |
| Asha Parekh |  |  |  |
| Dev Anand |  |  |  |
| Guru Dutt |  |  |  |
| Kareena Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Karisma Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Kishore Kumar |  |  |  |
| Meena Kumari |  |  |  |
| Nargis Dutt |  |  |  |
| Neetu Singh |  |  |  |
| Prithviraj Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Rajesh Khanna |  |  |  |
|
| Raj Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Randhir Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Rishi Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Shabana Azmi |  |  |  |
| Shammi Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Sharmila Tagore |  |  |  |
| Shashi Kapoor |  |  |  |
| Sonakshi Sinha |  |  |  |
| Sridevi |  |  |  |
| Sunil Dutt |  |  |  |
| Vidya Balan |  |  |  |
| Yash Chopra |  |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

Walk of the Stars
| Kareena Kapoor's hand print at the Walk of the Stars. | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Mumbai | |
| Established | 28 March 2012 (2012-03-28) |
| Dissolved | 2014 (2014) |
| Location | Bandstand Promenade, Bandra, Mumbai |
| Coordinates | 19°02′34″N 72°49′09″E / 19.042718°N 72.819132°E / 19.042718; 72.819132 |
| Type | Entertainment hall of fame |
| Founder | UTV |
| Owner | UTV |


title: Głogowiec, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

abstract: Głogowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tryńcza, within Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies on the confluence of San and Wisłok rivers.

text:
# Głogowiec, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

**Głogowiec** \[ɡwɔˈɡɔvʲɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tryńcza, within Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

It lies on the confluence of San and Wisłok rivers.

## InfoBox

| Głogowiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Church of the Virgin Mary | |
| Głogowiec | |
| Coordinates: 50°11′05″N 22°33′28″E / 50.18472°N 22.55778°E / 50.18472; 22.55778 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podkarpackie |
| County | Przeworsk |
| Gmina | Tryńcza |


title: Gərənə

abstract: Gərənə is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,718.

text:
# Gərənə

**Gərənə** (also, **Gërana** and **Kyarana**) is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,718.

## InfoBox

| Gərənə | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| GərənəGərənə | |
| Coordinates: 40°25′54″N 47°06′31″E / 40.43167°N 47.10861°E / 40.43167; 47.10861 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Barda |
| Population | |
| Total | 1,718 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Gərgər

abstract: Gərgər is a village and municipality in the Gadabay Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,201. The municipality consists of the villages of Gərgər, Yenikənd, and Qarikənd.

text:
# Gərgər

**Gərgər** (also, **Gərkər**, **Gər-gər**, and **Gerger**) is a village and municipality in the Gadabay Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,201. The municipality consists of the villages of Gərgər, Yenikənd, and Qarikənd.

## InfoBox

| Gərgər | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Gərgər | |
| Coordinates: 40°33′57″N 45°43′43″E / 40.56583°N 45.72861°E / 40.56583; 45.72861 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Gadabay |
| Population | |
| Total | 2,201 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Wake the Sleeping Dragon!

abstract: Wake the Sleeping Dragon! is the twelfth full-length album by American hardcore punk band Sick of It All. It was released on November 2, 2018 by Fat Wreck Chords in the United States and in Canada and by Century Media Records in Europe. Wake the Sleeping Dragon! is the band's first release on Fat Wreck Chords in 15 years.

text:
# Wake the Sleeping Dragon!

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metalfan.nl |  |
| Live Reviewer |  |
| FestivalInfo |  |
| RockMuzine |  |
| Punknews.org |  |
| Maximum Volume Music |  |
| LouderSound.com |  |

***Wake the Sleeping Dragon!*** is the twelfth full-length album by American hardcore punk band Sick of It All. It was released on November 2, 2018 by Fat Wreck Chords in the United States (on CD and vinyl) and in Canada (on vinyl) and by Century Media Records in Europe (both on CD and vinyl). *Wake the Sleeping Dragon!* is the band's first release on Fat Wreck Chords in 15 years.

## Background

The album was announced by Sick of It All in August 2018. The first song of the upcoming album, "Inner Vision", was released the same month. A second song, the title track "Wake the Sleeping Dragon", was released in October 2018. A lyric video for this song was released a few days later. A day after the official release of *Wake the Sleeping Dragon!*, a music video for "That Crazy White Boy Shit" was released. A music video for "Self Important Shithead" was released in July 2019.

## Track listing

1. "Inner Vision" - 1:54
2. "That Crazy White Boy Shit" - 2:05
3. "The Snake (Break Free)" - 1:58
4. "Bull's Anthem" - 2:02
5. "Robert Moses Was a Racist" - 1:29
6. "Self Important Shithead" - 0:58
7. "To the Wolves" - 1:40
8. "Always with Us" - 2:26
9. "Wake the Sleeping Dragon" - 2:02
10. "2+2" - 1:49
11. "Beef Between Vegans" - 2:12
12. "Hardcore Horseshoe" - 1:53
13. "Mental Furlough" - 2:17
14. "Deep State" - 1:53
15. "Bad Hombres" - 2:01
16. "Work the System" - 1:46
17. "The New Slavery" - 2:39

## Performers

* Lou Koller – vocals
* Pete Koller – guitars
* Craig Setari – bass
* Armand Majidi – drums

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 17 |

## InfoBox

| Wake the Sleeping Dragon! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sick of It All | |
| Released | November 2, 2018 (2018-11-02) |
| Studio | Nova Studio |
| Genre | Hardcore punk |
| Length | 32:57 |
| Label | Fat Wreck Chords (US and Canada)
Century Media Records (EU) |
| Producer | Jerry Farley |
| Sick of It All chronology | |
| *When the Smoke Clears*
(2016) ***Wake the Sleeping Dragon!***
(2018) | |


title: HLA-A31

abstract:
HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁳ⁱ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74. A31 is more common in South and Central America.

text:
# HLA-A31

**HLA-A31** (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A\*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A\*3101. A31 and A\*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74.

A31 is more common in South and Central America.

## Serotype

A31 recognition of some HLA A\*31 gene products
| A\*31 | **A31** | A19 | A30 | Sample |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| allele | % | % | % | size (N) |
| \*3101 | 90 | 1 | 3 | 3517 |
| \*3102 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
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There is substantive false reaction of A30 with A\*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.

## Distribution

HLA A\*3101 frequencies
| Study population | Freq.
(in %) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| USA New Mexico Canoncito … | 26.8 |
| Argentina Chiriguanos | 26.4 |
| Argentina Salta Wichis | 23.7 |
| India Tamil Nadu Nadar | 18.9 |
| Mexico Michoacan Tarasco | 18.4 |
| Brazil Terena | 18.3 |
| USA South Dakota Lakota S… | 18.1 |
| Mexico Sonora Seri | 15.2 |
| Japan Hyogo | 14.1 |
| Colombia Mestizos | 13.3 |
| India Andhra Pradesh Goll… | 13.1 |
| Mexico Teenek Huasteca Re… | 12.1 |
| Japan Ainu Hokkaido | 12.0 |
| Guatemala Mayans | 10.9 |
| Brazil Parana Oriental | 10.6 |
| Mexico Chihuahua State Ta… | 10.2 |
| Peru Lamas City Lama | 10.2 |
| Russia Tuva (2) | 9.8 |
| China Tibetan | 9.2 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 8.7 |
| India Kerala Hindu Ezhava | 8.3 |
| Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz… | 8.3 |
| Japan Okinawa Ryukyuan | 8.1 |
| USA North American Native… | 7.8 |
| Japan Aichi | 7.6 |
| USA Arizona Pima | 7.6 |
| Mongolia Buriat | 7.5 |
| China North Han | 7.1 |
| Japan Central | 7.1 |
| Mongolia Khalha | 7.0 |
| South Africa Natal Tamil | 7.0 |
| Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca | 6.7 |
| Mongolia Khoton Tarialan | 6.5 |
| India Khandesh Pawra | 6.0 |
| Mongolia Oold | 5.8 |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.7 |
| China Inner Mongolia | 5.4 |
| South Korea | 5.4 |
| Papua New Guinea Madang | 5.1 |
| Finland | 5.0 |
| Chuvash | 4.9 |
| USA Hispanic | 4.9 |
| France South East | 4.7 |
| Sakhalin Island Nivkhi | 4.7 |
| Pakistan Sindhi | 4.4 |
| Belgium | 4.2 |
| Pakistan Kalash | 4.2 |
| Portugal South | 4.1 |
| Brazil | 4.0 |
| India Jalpaiguri Toto | 3.8 |
| Spain North Cabuernigo | 3.8 |
| Sweden Uppsala County | 3.8 |
| China Beijing | 3.7 |
| German Essen | 3.6 |
| Sri Lanka Colombo Sinhale… | 3.5 |
| Zambia Lusaka | 3.5 |
| Spain Catalonia Girona | 3.4 |
| Sweden Stockholm | 3.4 |
| Algeria1 | 3.0 |
| Croatia | 3.0 |
| India New Delhi | 3.0 |
| Papua New Guinea Karimui … | 3.0 |
| Spain Basque Gipuzkoa Pro… | 3.0 |
| Sudanese | 3.0 |
| Wales | 3.0 |
| England Sheffield | 2.8 |
| China South Han | 2.8 |
| Czech Republic | 2.8 |
| Thailand | 2.8 |
| USA San Antonio Caucasian… | 2.7 |
| Italy Bergamo | 2.7 |
| Brazil Belo Horizonte | 2.6 |
| Ireland Northern | 2.6 |
| England Liverpool | 2.6 |
| China Yunnan Nu | 2.5 |
| Italy | 2.5 |
| Oman | 2.5 |
| Scotland Orkney | 2.5 |
| Uganda Kampala | 2.5 |
| England Newcastle | 2.4 |
| Mexico Mestizos | 2.4 |
| New Caledonia | 2.4 |
| Romanian | 2.3 |
| Iran Baloch | 2.2 |
| Ireland South | 2.2 |
| Morocco 'Berber' Nador Me… | 2.1 |
| Serbia | 2.1 |
| Burkina Faso Fulani | 2.0 |
| Georgia Svaneti Svans | 1.9 |
| Russia Northwest | 1.8 |
| Bulgaria | 1.8 |
| Georgia Tbilisi Kurds | 1.7 |
| Jordan Amman | 1.7 |
| Greece North | 1.6 |
| Tunisia | 1.5 |
| Thailand Northeast | 1.4 |
| Spain Basque Arratia Vall… | 1.3 |
| USA African Americans | 1.3 |
| Israel Gaza Palestinians | 1.2 |
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| Allele frequencies presented, only | |

## Haplotypes

HLA A31 haplotype frequencies
|  |  | freq |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| **A31-B35**
(A\*310102:Cw\*0401:B\*3501) | | |
|  | Lakota Sioux (USA) | 4.1 |
|  | Indig American (USA) | 3.7 |
|  | Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) | 1.5 |
|  | Tibetan | 1.1 |
|  | Jews (England) | 1.3 |
|  | Tibetan | 1.1 |
|  | Italian | 0.6 |
|  | Japanese | 0.5 |
|  | French | 0.5 |
|  | Choushan (China) | 0.4 |
|  | German | 0.3 |
| **A31-B39**
(A\*310102:Cw\*0701:B\*3901) | | |
|  | Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) | 10.0 |
|  | Lakota Sioux (USA) | 1.6 |
|  | Japanese | 0.3 |
|  | German | 0.1 |
| **A31-B48**
(A\*310102:B\*4801) | | |
|  | Orochon (Russia) | 6.0 |
|  | Maya (Guatemala) | 3.5 |
|  | Buriat | 3.4 |
|  | Japanese | 0.3 |
| **A31-B51**
(A\*310102:B\*5101) | | |
|  | Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) | 8.9 |
|  | Indig. Brazil | 5.8 |
|  | Orochon (Russia) | 5.3 |
|  | Indig American (USA) | 4.3 |
|  | Tibetan | 3.3 |
|  | Inner Mongolian | 3.0 |
|  | Japanese | 3.0 |
|  | Portuguese | 1.6 |
|  | Korean | 1.2 |
|  | Italian | 0.9 |
|  | French | 0.5 |
|  | German | 0.3 |
|  | Choushan (China) | 0.2 |
| (A\*310102:B\*5102) | | |
|  | Tarahumura (Mexico) | 5.7 |
|  | Vietnamese | 1.0 |
| **A31-B60**
(A\*310102:Cw\*0304:B\*4001) | | |
|  | Lusaka (Zambia) | 2.3 |
|  | Yakuts (Russia) | 2.0 |
|  | Irish | 0.7 |
|  | Choushan (China) | 0.7 |
|  | Japan | 0.6 |
|  | Dutch | 0.6 |
|  | German | 0.4 |
| **A31-B62**
(A\*310102:B\*1501) | | |
|  | Nivkhi (Sakalin, Russia) | 12.5 |
|  | Yakut(Russia) | 5.5 |
|  | Indig. Brazil | 4.1 |
|  | Manchu | 1.1 |
|  | Japan | 0.4 |
|  | German | 0.2 |
|  | Choushan (China) | 0.2 |

Examination of A31 haplotypes reveals a probable connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).

## InfoBox

| HLA-A31 | |
| --- | --- |
| (MHC Class I,  cell surface antigen) | |
| HLA-A31 | |
| About | |
| Protein | transmembrane receptor/ligand |
| Structure | αβ heterodimer |
| Subunits | HLA-A\*3101, β2-microglobulin |
| Older names | A19 |
| Subtypes | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A31 \*3101   {{{cNick2}}} \*31{{{cAllele2}}}   {{{cNick3}}} \*31{{{cAllele3}}}   {{{cNick4}}} \*31{{{cAllele4}}} | |
| Rare alleles | |
| Subtype allele Available structures  A31.2 \*3102   {{{rnick2}}} \*31{{{rallele2}}}   {{{rnick3}}} \*31{{{rallele3}}} | |
| Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI | |


title: Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum

abstract: Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum opened in Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, in 2005. The collection comprises artworks relating to Nagasaki as well as works of Spanish art collected by Suma Yakichiro (須磨弥吉郎), special envoy to Spain during the Second World War. Alongside the Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture, which opened the same year, it supersedes and replaces the former Nagasaki Prefectural Museum and Art Museum (長崎県立美術博物館), which closed at the end of 2002.

text:
# Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum

**Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum** (長崎県美術館, *Nagasaki-ken Bijutsukan*) opened in Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, in 2005. The collection comprises artworks relating to Nagasaki as well as works of Spanish art collected by Suma Yakichiro (須磨弥吉郎), special envoy to Spain during the Second World War. Alongside the Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture, which opened the same year, it supersedes and replaces the former Nagasaki Prefectural Museum and Art Museum (長崎県立美術博物館), which closed at the end of 2002.

## InfoBox

| Nagasaki Prefectural Art Museum | |
| --- | --- |
| 長崎県美術館 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Address | 2-1, Dejima-machi |
| Town or city | Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture |
| Country | Japan |
| Coordinates | 32°44′31″N 129°52′13″E / 32.741938°N 129.870328°E / 32.741938; 129.870328 |
| Opened | April 2005 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Kengo Kuma |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: Nagasaki Smart Card

abstract: Nagasaki Smart Card was a contactless smart card system used in Nagasaki, Japan. Its operators were the Nagasaki Electric Tramway and six bus companies, namely, Nagasaki Bus, Nagasaki Prefectural Bus, Saihi Bus, Saikai Kōtsū, Sasebo Municipal Bus, and Shimatetsu Bus. The system used Sony FeliCa technology that is standard for IC cards across Japan, e.g. in JR East's Suica. The system was introduced on January 21, 2002, initially for bus lines only. As of December 2005, 320,000 cards had been issued. Tram lines of Nagasaki Electric Tramway began support for the card on March 20, 2008. The card was discontinued on June 30, 2020, with companies transitioning to using either the nagasaki nimoca or N+Tcard.

text:
# Nagasaki Smart Card

**Nagasaki Smart Card** (長崎スマートカード, *Nagasaki Sumāto Kādo*) was a contactless smart card system used in Nagasaki, Japan. Its operators were the Nagasaki Electric Tramway and six bus companies, namely, Nagasaki Bus, Nagasaki Prefectural Bus, Saihi Bus, Saikai Kōtsū, Sasebo Municipal Bus, and Shimatetsu Bus. The system used Sony FeliCa technology that is standard for IC cards across Japan, e.g. in JR East's Suica.

The system was introduced on January 21, 2002, initially for bus lines only. As of December 2005, 320,000 cards had been issued. Tram lines of Nagasaki Electric Tramway began support for the card on March 20, 2008.

The card was discontinued on June 30, 2020, with companies transitioning to using either the nagasaki nimoca or N+Tcard.

## Types of cards

* Nagasaki Smart Card (coupon ticket): Regular rechargeable functionality
* Nagasaki Smart Card (commuter pass)
* Half-price discount card: For children and disabled customers
* Mobile Nagasaki Smart Card: Osaifu-Keitai mobile payment service, with Mobile FeliCa technology


title: HMS Abatos

abstract: HMS Abatos was a Royal Navy shore establishment responsible for the planning of Operation Pluto, the construction of the undersea pipeline that supplied the Allied troops with fuel during the liberation of Europe in 1944, after D-Day. There was another Operation Pluto training establishment at Tilbury, under the name HMS Abastor. The Admiralty requisitioned the remains of the Supermarine factory in Woolston, Southampton in 1943. The base was commissioned on 21 September 1943 as a tender to HMS Shrapnel. Just before D-Day, the force established headquarters at 21 Upper Vicarage Road, Woolston The headquarters had shifted to Norfolk House by 1945, and moved again on 26 November 1945 to Rex House. Abatos was paid off in March 1946, though no new appointments had been made in the navy list of October 1945. The establishment had one designated depot ship, the Naval Auxiliary Boat Gondolier Prince.

text:
# HMS Abatos

50°53′35″N 1°22′41″W / 50.893°N 1.378°W / 50.893; -1.378

**HMS *Abatos*** was a Royal Navy shore establishment responsible for the planning of Operation Pluto, the construction of the undersea pipeline that supplied the Allied troops with fuel during the liberation of Europe in 1944, after D-Day. There was another Operation Pluto training establishment at Tilbury, under the name *HMS Abastor*.

The Admiralty requisitioned the remains of the Supermarine factory in Woolston, Southampton in 1943. The base was commissioned on 21 September 1943 as a tender to HMS *Shrapnel*. Just before D-Day, the force established headquarters at 21 Upper Vicarage Road, Woolston The headquarters had shifted to Norfolk House by 1945, and moved again on 26 November 1945 to Rex House. *Abatos* was paid off in March 1946, though no new appointments had been made in the navy list of October 1945. The establishment had one designated depot ship, the Naval Auxiliary Boat *Gondolier Prince*.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS *Abatos* |
| Commissioned | 21 September 1943 |
| Decommissioned | March 1946 |
| Fate | Decommissioned and closed down |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Stone frigate |