title: Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow

abstract: Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow or Jørgen Christopher von Koppelau (1684–1770) was a Norwegian nobleman and officer that fought in the Great Northern War on behalf of Denmark–Norway. Von Koppelow was the son of Curt Christoph von Koppelow, a German-Norwegian nobleman from the House of Koppelow in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Von Koppelow led the Norwegian Army's 3rd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment upon its establishment in 1750.

text:
# Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow

**Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow** or **Jørgen Christopher von Koppelau** (variants: Koppelöu, Kaplan, Coplou, Coppelouwe, Kobbelow) (1684–1770) was a Norwegian nobleman and officer that fought in the Great Northern War on behalf of Denmark–Norway. Von Koppelow was the son of Curt Christoph von Koppelow, a German-Norwegian nobleman from the House of Koppelow in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Von Koppelow led the Norwegian Army's 3rd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment upon its establishment in 1750.

## Biography

Von Koppelow entered military service in 1703 while his father Curt Christoph von Koppelow served as commandant of the fortress of Munkholmen. Like his father, Jürgen Christoph became a cavalarist. He began his career as a cornet in the Royal Danish Army, serving in the dragoon regiment of General Major Frederik Gersdorff in Rákóczi's War of Independence. Von Koppelow's regiment engaged in several campaigns in areas of the Habsburg Empire and took part in the decisive Battle of Zsibó against the Kuruc (Hungarian) army in Transylvania. After his deployment he returned to Norway to serve under Colonel Frederik Christopher de Cicignon between 1707 and 1709. Von Koppelow was deployed in Østfold in southeast Norway to serve in the Smaalandske Company as lieutenant in the 2nd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment by 1711. At age 32 Von Kopplow had been promoted to the position of captain in the Norwegian Army. The young officer gained several promotions in quick succession during his engagement in the Great Northern War.

### Service in the Great Northern War

Von Koppelow led his Vesterlen Company, around 100 men strong, in the crucial Battle of Gjellebekk (1716) on 23 March 1716 and Battle of Norderhov (1716) on 29 March 1716 during the Swedish invasion of Norway. On 8 March 1716 the Swedish Army led by King Charles XII of Sweden crossed the Swedish-Norwegian border, hoping that a strike against the country would compel Denmark-Norway, one of its main adversaries in the Great Northern War, to withdraw from Sweden’s prize territory Scania. To achieve this objective the main body of the Swedish force laid siege to Akershus fortress at Christiania (the contemporary name of Oslo). A force numbering an estimated 7,000 men took part in the invasion, and threatened Norway’s entire southeast region. However, prior to the siege much of the Dano-Norwegian force had retreated to Gjellebekk (variant Jellebeck) in Lier, a strategic position in the corridor between Christiania and Drammen. Intent on remaining on the offensive, the Swedish king directed a part of his force to push further into the countryside towards the Dano-Norwegian position.

### Battle of Gjellebekk (1716)

600 dragoons under the command of Swedish colonel Dietrich Johan Löwenstierne were tasked with the objective of engaging the Norwegian Army head on. Yet the southeast region of Norway had experienced heavy snowfall in March, and the forested countryside presented a not insignificant hurdle for cavalry units that depended on mobility and speed. Despite the difficult terrain the Swedish force initially moved aggressively westwards, and managed to surprise a Dano-Norwegian position at Gjellum (variant Hellum). The forward position was quickly overwhelmed. However, three dragoon companies led by Captain Von Koppelow, Colonel Johan Wilhelm von Ötken and Lieutenant Peder Tønder Collin came to the aid of the isolated units, and drove back Löwenstiernes’s force. While both sides suffered casualties, the counter-attack and stiff resistance by Von Koppelow’s dragoons dissuaded the Swedish Army from proceeding further towards Gjellebekk.

### Battle of Norderhov (1716)

In coordination with Löwenstierne’s frontal attack, the Swedish king had also instructed Axel Löwen to move with a force of 500 dragoons northwest to Ringerike and then, in an intended pincer movement with Löwenstierne’s dragoons, move south to ambush the Dano-Norwegian army on its rear and flank. Löwen’s ambush force had initially escaped the attention of the Dano-Norwegian command, permitting the Swedes to move unnoticed for nearly three days. However, by noon 28 March 1716 Lieutenant General Barthold Heinrich von Lützow had received intelligence about the large Swedish cavalry force. Lützow immediately dispatched a part of Colonel Johan Wilhelm von Ötken’s 2nd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment towards Ringerike to halt the Swedish advance. Captain Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow, Captain Knud Sehestad and Lieutenant Peder Tønder Collin were tasked with intercepting the Swedes as quickly as possible.

> Not long after the Swedes had made Camp and lit their Bonfires, arrived our Avantgarde under Captain Sehestad, Koppelow and Collins' Command at 1/4 a Mile near (Norderhov) Manse.
>
> Lieutenant General Barthold Heinrich von Lützow's battle report (1716)

Von Koppelow and the dragoon force rode with haste to Tyrifjorden, and cut across the frozen fjordwater to arrive at Stein at midnight 29 March 1716. A reconnaissance search of the area revealed that the entire Swedish force had camped at Norderhov manse, a clerical estate located only a few kilometers to the north. The Dano-Norwegian officers held a brief council to decide whether to proceed, or to wait for the larger backup force riding under Colonel Ötken. It was decided that the element of surprise outweighed the numerical inferiority of the dragoons vis-a-vis the Swedish force. A few hours after midnight and under the cover of darkness, Von Koppelow and the dragoon force moved silently towards the manse grounds at Norderhov. The guard positions were neutralised, and the dragoons moved within a stone’s throw from Norderhov until the entirety of the 150 men strong dragoon body moved into full gallop onto the Swedish encampment.

> At 3 in the night they arrived at Norderhov’s Manse in full Stride, on Horseback, and rode among the Houses with Guns and Sabres, ambushing the Enemy in his Sleep. Whereafter the Swedes were confused and scattered without the faintest Defense, and being shot, killed and cut down.
>
> An eyewitness account collected by priest Rosing (1732)

By the morning of 29 March Colonel Ötken and the main force of the dragoons had arrived at Norderhov. Commander Löwen had been taken prisoner together with a sizeable segment of the Swedish force, while the remaining troops had fled into the woods and surrounding countryside. Forced to contend with a string of losses, Sweden’s invasion initiative was seriously hampered.

### Dragoon regiment command

Von Koppelow was described by a peer in Christiania in 1731 as a "vigilant and quick-minded officer, and of great talent." With the end of the Great Northern War Jürgen Christoph continued his deployment as a dragoon officer in southeast Norway. The "noble and generous Captain Jørgen Christopher von Koppelow" bought Spydeberg church in Østfold in 1723. Von Koppelow was given command of the dragoon Fröland Company, based in the southeast provinces Østfold and Akershus, and was promoted to the rank of major in April 1729 and then lieutenant colonel in April 1735. From 1744 Von Koppelow joined the 2nd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment headquarter staff of Major General Paul Beenfeldt, who was based in Christiania.

In 1750 Colonel Von Koppelow was given the virgin command of the newly established 3rd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment, and subsequently promoted to major general in the Norwegian army. Lieutenant Colonel Nicolay Hersleb and Major Frantz Christian Zepelin were appointed to serve on his staff. Jürgen Christoph was appointed on the board of the General Staff of the Norwegian army in 1755, led by Field Marshal Hans Jacob Arnoldt, the commanding general of the Norwegian forces in Denmark-Norway. Von Koppelow held this position until his retirement in 1759, aged 75.

## InfoBox

| Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 3 January 1684
Rennebu, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway |
| Died | 19 April 1770
Halden, Østfold, Norway |
| Allegiance | Denmark-Norway |
| Service/branch | Norwegian Army
Royal Danish Army |
| Years of service | 1703–1759 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | Vesterlen Company of the 2nd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment (1716–1718)
Fröland Company of the 2nd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment (1718–1744)
3rd Søndenfjeldske Dragoon Regiment (1750–1759) |
| Battles/wars | War of the Spanish Succession
Rákóczi's War of Independence
Battle of Zsibó
Great Northern War
Battle of Gjellebekk (1716)
Battle of Norderhov (1716) |
| Signature |  |


title: Hot summer cold winter zone

abstract: Hot-summer/cold-winter zone is the transient climate region between the cold and the hot zones in China. It includes the whole of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang provinces, Shanghai and Chongqing two municipalities, the eastern part of Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, the southern part of Henan, Jiangsu, Shanxi and Gansu provinces, and the northern part of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. This includes an area of 1,800,000 km⁲ (694,984 sq mi) with a population of 550 million people, and it is the most populous and economically-developed area of China, producing 48% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the whole country. The main border of hot-summer/cold-winter zone is hot, humid summers and cold, humid winters. The temperature difference between day and night is normally small. The precipitation in an average year is large. Sun radiation is relatively weak due to cloud cover. The most durable temperature you will have outside during the hottest summer month is 25–30 °C (77–86 °F), with peak temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F). The average outside temperature during the coldest winter month is 0–10 °C (32–50 °F), with lowest temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F). For historical reasons, the residential buildings in this zone don’t have central HVAC systems and are not well insulated or otherwise weatherized. With the recent and rapid economic development of this region, demand for better indoor environments is rising. Many residents install 'minisplit' air conditioners to improve their thermal comfort. But electrical energy consumption is rising accordingly and is taxing the generation capacity. The Chinese government has created new national design standards and other efforts to lower the energy consumption while also constructing new power generating stations.

text:
# Hot summer cold winter zone

**Hot-summer/cold-winter zone** is the transient climate region between the cold and the hot zones in China. It includes the whole of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang provinces, Shanghai and Chongqing two municipalities, the eastern part of Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, the southern part of Henan, Jiangsu, Shanxi and Gansu provinces, and the northern part of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.

This includes an area of 1,800,000 km2 (694,984 sq mi) with a population of 550 million people, and it is the most populous and economically-developed area of China, producing 48% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the whole country.

The main border of hot-summer/cold-winter zone is hot, humid summers and cold, humid winters. The temperature difference between day and night is normally small. The precipitation in an average year is large. Sun radiation is relatively weak due to cloud cover.

The most durable temperature you will have outside during the hottest summer month is 25–30 °C (77–86 °F), with peak temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F). The average outside temperature during the coldest winter month is 0–10 °C (32–50 °F), with lowest temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F).

For historical reasons, the residential buildings in this zone don’t have central HVAC systems and are not well insulated or otherwise weatherized. With the recent and rapid economic development of this region, demand for better indoor environments is rising.

Many residents install 'minisplit' air conditioners to improve their thermal comfort. But electrical energy consumption is rising accordingly and is taxing the generation capacity. The Chinese government has created new national design standards and other efforts to lower the energy consumption while also constructing new power generating stations.

1.Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone JCJ 134—2001


title: Arthur Brown (New Zealand footballer)

abstract: Arthur Brown is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Brown made a solitary official international appearance for New Zealand as a substitute in a 0–1 loss to United Arab Emirates on 10 September 1981.

text:
# Arthur Brown (New Zealand footballer)

**Arthur Brown** is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Brown made a solitary official international appearance for New Zealand as a substitute in a 0–1 loss to United Arab Emirates on 10 September 1981.

## InfoBox

Arthur Brown
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Arthur G Brown | | |
| Place of birth | New Zealand | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Miramar Rangers |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1981 | New Zealand | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Panethnicity

abstract: Panethnicity is a political neologism used to group various ethnic groups together based on their related cultural origins; geographic, linguistic, religious, or "racial" similarities are often used alone or in combination to draw panethnic boundaries. The term panethnic was used extensively during mid-20th century anti-colonial/national liberation movements. In the United States, Yen Le Espiritu popularized the term and coined the nominal term panethnicity in reference to Asian Americans, a racial category composed of disparate peoples having in common only their origin in the continent of Asia. It has since seen some use as a replacement of the term race; for example, the aforementioned Asian Americans can be described as "a panethnicity" of various unrelated peoples of Asia, which are nevertheless perceived as a distinguishable group within the larger multiracial North American society. More recently the term has also come to be used in contexts outside multiculturalism in US society, as a general replacement for terms like ethnolinguistic group or racial group. The concept is to be distinguished from "pan-nationalism", which similarly groups related ethnicities but in the context of either ethnic nationalism or civic nationalism.

text:
# Panethnicity

**Panethnicity** is a political neologism used to group various ethnic groups together based on their related cultural origins; geographic, linguistic, religious, or "racial" (i.e. phenotypic) similarities are often used alone or in combination to draw panethnic boundaries. The term panethnic was used extensively during mid-20th century anti-colonial/national liberation movements. In the United States, Yen Le Espiritu popularized the term and coined the nominal term panethnicity in reference to Asian Americans, a racial category composed of disparate peoples having in common only their origin in the continent of Asia.

It has since seen some use as a replacement of the term *race*; for example, the aforementioned Asian Americans can be described as "a panethnicity" of various unrelated peoples of Asia, which are nevertheless perceived as a distinguishable group within the larger multiracial North American society.

More recently the term has also come to be used in contexts outside multiculturalism in US society, as a general replacement for terms like ethnolinguistic group or racial group.

The concept is to be distinguished from "pan-nationalism", which similarly groups related ethnicities but in the context of either ethnic nationalism (e.g. pan-Arabism, pan-Celticism, pan-Germanism, pan-Indianism, pan-Iranism, pan-Slavism, pan-Turkism) or civic nationalism (e.g. pan-Africanism).

## United States

Panethnicity has allowed Asian Americans to unite based on similar historical relations with the United States (such as - in some cases - US military presence in their native countries). The Asian American panethnic identity has evolved to become a means for immigrant groups such as Asian Americans to unite in order to gain political strength in numbers. Similarly, one can speak of a "panethnic European American category".

The term "American" has become one of the more widespread panethnic concepts.

Mainstream institutions and political policies often play a big role in the labeling of panethnic groups. They often enact policies that deal with specific groups of people, and panethnic groups are one way to group large numbers of people. Public policy might dole out resources or make deals with multiple groups, viewing them all as one large entity.

Panethnic labels are often, though not always, created and employed by outsiders of the group that is being defined panethnically. In the case of the Asian American movement of the 1960s and 1970s, the panethnic label "Asian American" was not created by outsiders; rather, it was coined by professor Yuji Ichioka and his spouse, Emma Gee, in order to consolidate Asian activists that they had seen at various political demonstrations of the time. The manner in which the two garnered support for the alliance sheds light on the expressly panethnic approach that was at the core of this new Asian American identity: they went through the roster of the Peace and Freedom Party, a majority white anti-war organization that was protesting the Vietnam War at the time, and telephoned all the individuals they could find with "Asian" surnames. Though the Asian American identity was initially not inclusive of many Asian ethnicities, new waves of Asian immigrants since the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act have accelerated the expansion of the identity. At the time of the 2000 US census, 88% of Asian America was made up of six Asian ethnicities: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Indian, and Vietnamese.

### Criticism

The use of "Asian American" as a panethnic racial label is often criticized, due to the term only encompassing some of the diverse peoples of Asia, and for grouping together the racially and culturally different South Asians with East Asians as the same "race". Americans of West Asian descent, such as Iranian, Israeli, Armenian, and many Arab nationalities, are notably excluded from the term despite West Asia being geographically part of Asia. As well as West Asians having racial and cultural similarities with South Asians. The common justification for grouping together South Asians and East Asians is because of Buddhism's origins in India, but the religion has "practically died out" in South Asia.

Although the panethnic term refers to Americans of East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian ancestry, "Asian American" is usually synonymous for people of East Asian ancestry and or appearance, which has caused some to highlight the general exclusion of South Asians and Southeast Asians.

## Sources


title: Tolerance to infections

abstract: Tolerance to infection, or disease tolerance, is a mechanism that host organisms can use to fight parasites or pathogens that attack the host. Tolerance is not equivalent to resistance. Disease resistance is the host trait that prevents infection or reduces the number of pathogens and parasites within or on a host. Tolerance to infection can be illustrated via comparing host performance versus increasing load. This is a reaction norm in which host performance is regressed against increasing disease burden. The slope of the reaction norm defines the degree of tolerance. High tolerance is indicated as a flat slope, i.e., host performance is not influenced by increasing burden. Steep downward slope indicates low tolerance in which host performance is strongly reduced with increasing burden. An upward slope indicates overcompensation in which a host increases its performance with increasing burden. Genetic variation in tolerance and its correlation with resistance, can be quantified using random regression model. In livestock science, tolerance to infections is sometimes termed disease resilience. A variety of reactions to pathogens are thought to be involved in tolerance, including superior immune system regulation and supplying pathogens with sufficient nutrients to blunt attacks on cells.

text:
# Tolerance to infections

**Tolerance to infection**, or disease tolerance, is a mechanism that host organisms can use to fight parasites or pathogens that attack the host. Tolerance is not equivalent to resistance. Disease resistance is the host trait that prevents infection or reduces the number of pathogens and parasites within or on a host.

Tolerance to infection can be illustrated via comparing host performance versus increasing load. This is a reaction norm in which host performance is regressed against increasing disease burden. The slope of the reaction norm defines the degree of tolerance. High tolerance is indicated as a flat slope, i.e., host performance is not influenced by increasing burden. Steep downward slope indicates low tolerance in which host performance is strongly reduced with increasing burden. An upward slope indicates overcompensation in which a host increases its performance with increasing burden. Genetic variation in tolerance and its correlation with resistance, can be quantified using random regression model.

In livestock science, tolerance to infections is sometimes termed disease resilience.

A variety of reactions to pathogens are thought to be involved in tolerance, including superior immune system regulation and supplying pathogens with sufficient nutrients to blunt attacks on cells.

## Human tolerance

Humans experience tolerance. For example, 90% of people infected with tuberculosis experience no symptoms. Similarly, many humans tolerate helminth infestations.

## Research

Much research makes use of the lethal dose 50 protocol. Subjects are given enough pathogen to kill half of them. The remaining half presumably exhibit the desired tolerance. In many cases, the survivors not only survive but are unaffected by the pathogen.

Research is complicated by the fact that animal protocols typically involve expecting some of the subjects to die, which is not ethical in humans.


title: Ndjala massacre

text:
# Ndjala massacre

On the night between May 16 and 17, 2020, militants from the Lendu CODECO killed twenty-two civilians in the Hema village of Ndjala, in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Background

Lendu farmers and Hema herders have been in conflict for centuries in Ituri, with both groups forming militias during the Second Congo War between 1999 and 2003. Conflict renewed between the two groups in December 2017 in Djugu territory, with Lendu militias growing exponentially. The main Lendu militia, CODECO, began attacks against Congolese forces and other militias, and killing civilians across Ituri province.

## Massacre

The attack began around 1am at the Hema village of Ndjala. The attack targeted all Hema in the village, with many people being slashed by machetes. A local administrator in Djugu territory, where Ndjala is located, stated at least twenty people were killed in the initial aftermath and over fourteen were injured. This rose to seventeen wounded, and twenty-two people killed by the next day.

While no group initially claimed responsibility for the attack, CODECO was suspected due to the Lendu-Hema conflict.

## InfoBox

| Ndjala massacre | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Ituri conflict and Lendu-Hema conflict | |
| Location | Ndjala, Djugu territory, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Date | May 17, 2020 <br>1am |
| Deaths | 22+ |
| Injured | 17+ |
| Perpetrator | CODECO |


title: When a Woman Loves (album)

abstract: When a Woman Loves is the fourteenth studio album released by American singer Patti LaBelle. Her sixth ever on the MCA Records label, it was released on October 24, 2000, in the United States.

text:
# When a Woman Loves (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B− |
| *People* | (average) |
| *Vibe* |  |

***When a Woman Loves*** is the fourteenth studio album released by American singer Patti LaBelle. Her sixth ever on the MCA Records label, it was released on October 24, 2000, in the United States.

## Background

By 2000, Patti LaBelle had achieved solo success with at least one platinum album and four gold albums. Four of the certified successes were with MCA Records, a company she had been an artist with since 1985. With the guidance of the label and with her husband, Armstead Edwards, LaBelle had finally achieved the solo success that had mostly eluded her since leaving the flashy pop group, Labelle, in 1976. It had been three years since her last album, the platinum-certified *Flame*, which yielded the modestly popular hit, "When You Talk About Love".

After winning a second Grammy Award for her live album, *Live! One Night Only*, LaBelle laid low. The marriage of LaBelle and Edwards seemed to be solid but in early 2000, the couple made news by announcing a trial separation after 31 years of marriage. The news shocked fans of the singer, who had told the media that the couple's relationship was built on their opposite differences. Following news of the separation, LaBelle returned to the recording studio to work on her next studio album for MCA Records. Noting the modest success they had with LaBelle's original 1989 version of "If You Asked Me To", LaBelle and the song's writer, Diane Warren agreed to work together on LaBelle's new album.

## Recording

*When A Woman Loves* featured production from not only Warren and friend Denise Rich, who co-wrote several tracks, but also longtime producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, producers of LaBelle's last two hits, "The Right Kinda Lover" and "When You Talk About Love". Upon its release, when critics heard the new tracks, they thought that LaBelle's impending divorce from her husband Edwards was the cause of the sound from the tracks and from the singer's voice, though LaBelle would later deny such stories. Because Edwards had also served as LaBelle's manager for nearly 30 years, Edwards also left his position as manager leaving that position to the couple's son Zuri.

## Commercial reception

Upon its October 2000 release, *When a Woman Loves* failed to make an impact on the *Billboard* Hot 200 or the R&B albums chart, peaking at No. 63 on the former chart before dropping out of the charts after only ten weeks. The record became LaBelle's second album, since *This Christmas* (1990), to not be RIAA-certified.

The sole single from *When a Woman Loves*, "Call Me Gone", likewise failed to chart on the Hot 100, and was given poor radio promotion. Though the title track did receive some airplay, and LaBelle performed the song occasionally during the record's promotion, it was never released officially as a single.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Diane Warren.

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Kitchen" |  | 0:57 |
| 2. | "When a Woman Loves" |  | 4:47 |
| 3. | "Make Tonight Beautiful" | * Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis * Wright (co.) | 4:42 |
| 4. | "If I Was a River" | Khris Kellow | 4:27 |
| 5. | "Why Do We Hurt Each Other" | * Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis * Wright (co.) | 5:59 |
| 6. | "Too Many Tears, Too Many Times" | * Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis * Wright (co.) | 5:30 |
| 7. | "Call Me Gone" | * Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis * Wright (co.) | 4:46 |
| 8. | "Time Will" |  | 5:47 |
| 9. | "Tell Me Where It Hurts" | Kellow | 4:01 |
| 10. | "I'll Still Love You More" | * Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis * Wright (co.) | 4:41 |
| 11. | "Love Will Lead You Back" | * Kellow * Randy Jackson | 5:03 |
| 12. | "When a Woman Loves (Reprise)" | * Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis * Wright (co.) | 2:53 |
| Total length: | | | 53:33 |

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 63 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 26 |

## InfoBox

| When a Woman Loves | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Patti LaBelle | |
| Released | October 24, 2000 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 53:33 |
| Label | MCA |
| Producer |  |
| Patti LaBelle chronology | |
| *Live! One Night Only*
(1998) ***When a Woman Loves***
(2000) *Timeless Journey*
(2004) | |


title: Paraite

abstract: Paraite is a rural community in the New Plymouth District and Taranaki region of New Zealand's North Island. The area is east of New Plymouth and south of Bell Block. The Marton–New Plymouth line separates Paraite from the industrial area of Bell Block. Around 1860, during the First Taranaki War, a Māori chief named Aporo or Aparo confronted Charles Everett, a farmer at Paraite. Instead of shooting him, he removed Everett's tie and told him to leave. This was an unusual act of mercy for the time. The area was divided into allotments for sale in 1867.

text:
# Paraite

**Paraite** is a rural community in the New Plymouth District and Taranaki region of New Zealand's North Island. The area is east of New Plymouth and south of Bell Block. The Marton–New Plymouth line separates Paraite from the industrial area of Bell Block.

Around 1860, during the First Taranaki War, a Māori chief named Aporo or Aparo confronted Charles Everett, a farmer at Paraite. Instead of shooting him, he removed Everett's tie and told him to leave. This was an unusual act of mercy for the time.

The area was divided into allotments for sale in 1867.

## Demographics

Paraite statistical area covers 15.94 km2 (6.15 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 990 as of June 2023, with a population density of 62 people per km2.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | 561 |  |
| 2013 | 699 | +3.19% |
| 2018 | 765 | +1.82% |
| Source: | | |

Before the 2023 census, the statistical area had a smaller boundary, covering 13.72 km2 (5.30 sq mi). Using that boundary, Paraite had a population of 765 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 66 people (9.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 204 people (36.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 276 households, comprising 390 males and 375 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 45.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 135 people (17.6%) aged under 15 years, 126 (16.5%) aged 15 to 29, 378 (49.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 126 (16.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 92.2% European/Pākehā, 14.1% Māori, 2.0% Pacific peoples, 1.6% Asian, and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 8.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.9% had no religion, 33.7% were Christian, 0.4% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.2% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 87 (13.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 135 (21.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $37,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 132 people (21.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 345 (54.8%) people were employed full-time, 114 (18.1%) were part-time, and 18 (2.9%) were unemployed.

## InfoBox

| Paraite | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural community | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 39°02′38″S 174°09′14″E / 39.044°S 174.154°E / -39.044; 174.154 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Taranaki Region |
| Territorial authority | New Plymouth District |
| Ward | * Kaitake-Ngāmotu General Ward * Kōhanga Moa General Ward * Te Purutanga Mauri Pūmanawa Māori Ward |
| Community | Puketapu-Bell Block Community |
| Electorates |  |
| Government | |
| Territorial Authority | New Plymouth District Council |
| Regional council | Taranaki Regional Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.94 km2 (6.15 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2023) | |
| Total | 990 |
| Density | 62/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4373 |


title: Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor

abstract: Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor CMG was a British colonial administrator who served in British Malaya.

text:
# Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor

**Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor** CMG (3 June 1872 – 22 June 1940) was a British colonial administrator who served in British Malaya.

## Career

Stonor joined the Malay civil service as a junior officer in 1890, and began his career as Acting Private Secretary to Governor of the Straits Settlements, Cecil Clementi Smith. He then served in various positions including Assistant District Officer at Serendah; District Officer at Ulu Langat; Acting Registrar of Titles and Collector of Land Revenue at Kuala Lumpur; District Officer at Tapah, and District Officer at Batang Padang. In 1921, he was promoted to British Resident of Selangor where he remained until 1926 when he was appointed British Resident of Perak. He retired from the service after less than a year in the post due to illness.

## Personal life

Stonor was born on 3 June 1872, the son of Charles Joseph Stonor and Maude Mary Welman. He married Florence Mary Josephine on 24 October 1906 and they had three children. He was a keen cricketer, captaining the Selangor Cricket team, and donated the Stonor Cup which was contested for many years. His career was cut short when he failed to recover from an operation and was forced to return home in 1926. He died on 22 June 1940, in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France, aged 68.

## Awards and legacy

Stonor was awarded the CMG in 1925. Stonor Road (now Jalan Stonor) in Kuala Lumpur was named after him.

## InfoBox

| Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor CMG | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 12th British Resident of Selangor | |
| **In office**
1921–1926 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur Henry Lemon |
| Succeeded by | Henry Wagstaffe Thomson |
| 16th British Resident of Perak | |
| **In office**
1926–1927 | |
| Preceded by | Sir Cecil William Chase Parr |
| Succeeded by | Henry Wagstaffe Thomson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 3 June 1872 |
| Died | 22 June 1940 (aged 68)
Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France |
| Spouse | Florence Mary Josephine Wolseley |
| Children | 3 |
|  | |


title: Van E. Chandler

abstract: Van Edgar Chandler was an American military officer and flying ace who was credited in destroying five enemy aircraft in aerial combat during World War II, becoming the youngest flying ace in the United States Armed Forces. He flew missions in the Korean War and Vietnam War, before his retirement from the United States Air Force in 1974 with the rank of colonel.

text:
# Van E. Chandler

**Van Edgar Chandler** (March 5, 1925 – March 11, 1998) was an American military officer and flying ace who was credited in destroying five enemy aircraft in aerial combat during World War II, becoming the youngest flying ace in the United States Armed Forces. He flew missions in the Korean War and Vietnam War, before his retirement from the United States Air Force in 1974 with the rank of colonel.

## Early life

Chandler was born on March 5, 1925, in Kemp, Texas.

## Military career

In February 1943, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces but was initially rejected due to his young age. In March 1943, he was allowed to enlist and enter into active duty. In January 1944, he earned his wings and commission as a second lieutenant.

### World War II

In June 1944, Chandler was assigned to the 336th Fighter Squadron of the 4th Fighter Group in the European Theater of Operations. Based at RAF Debden, he flew missions in the North American P-51 Mustang. While flying a mission one week after his arrival in England, Chandler's P-51 suffered a malfunction and he had to bail out over Germany. After his escape, he was taken care of by a Belgian family until he was rescued by the British Army.

After returning to his unit, he scored his first aerial victory on September 12, when he shot down a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 over Wiesbaden, Germany. He scored his second aerial victory on November 6. On Christmas Day 1944, he shot down a Fw 190 and Messerschmitt Bf 109 over Koblenz. He achieved flying ace status on New Year's Day 1945, when he shot down a Bf 109 over Uelzen at the age of 19, making him the youngest pilot in the United States Armed Forces to achieve the status. On January 29, 1945, he was appointed as the 336th Fighter Squadron's Assistant Operations and Gunnery Officer.

During World War II, Chandler was credited with the destruction of five enemy aircraft in aerial combat plus four destroyed on the ground while strafing enemy airfields. While serving with the 4th FG, he flew P-51s bearing the name "Wheezy".

### Cold War

Following the end of World War II, Chandler was assigned to the 76th Fighter Squadron in Guam and in December 1948, he was assigned to the 61st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.

In September 1951, he was promoted to the rank of major and in December that year, he was assigned to the 25th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron of the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing at Suwon Air Base in South Korea during the Korean War. During the war, he was credited in shooting down three Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s while flying the F-86 Sabre, bringing his total aerial victories to eight.

After his return from Korea, Chandler served with the Air Defense Command at Ent Air Force Base in Colorado and Lockheed F-104 Starfighter project officer at Edwards Air Force Base in California, from 1952 to 1956. In March 1958, he attended Royal Air Force Staff College in London, England, and in the same year, he served as commander of the 22nd Tactical Fighter Squadron at Bitburg Air Base in West Germany. In 1961, he was assigned to the headquarters of the Strategic Air Command at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska and in August 1967, he was assigned to the headquarters of the United States Air Force at the Pentagon.

After attending Air War College from August 1968 to August 1969, Chandler was assigned as Deputy Commander for Operations of the 31st Tactical Fighter Wing at Tuy Hoa Air Base in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He flew missions in the North American F-100 Super Sabre during the war till August 1970.

His final assignment was at Duluth International Airport in Minnesota, where he served as the Deputy for Operations for the 23rd NORAD Continental Air Defense Region, from June 1972 until his retirement from the Air Force in August 1974.

## Later life

Chandler was married to Mary Elizabeth, née Weber. The couple had a daughter and three grandchildren.

After his retirement from the Air Force, Chandler and his family moved to Greeley, Colorado. He graduated with a degree in business from the University of Northern Colorado. Chandler died of cancer on March 11, 1998, at the age of 73. In accordance with his wishes, he was cremated and his ashes scattered over the Pawnee Buttes.

## Aerial victory credits

| Date | # | Type | Location | Aircraft flown | Unit Assigned |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 12, 1944 | 1 | Focke-Wulf Fw 190 | Wiesbaden, Germany | P-51B Mustang | 336 FS, 4 FG |
| November 6, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Minden, Germany | P-51D Mustang | 336 FS, 4 FG |
| December 25, 1944 | 1 | Messerschmitt Bf 109 | Koblenz, Germany | P-51D Mustang | 336 FS, 4 FG |
| December 25, 1944 | 1 | Fw 190 | Koblenz, Germany | P-51D Mustang | 336 FS, 4 FG |
| January 1, 1945 | 1 | Bf 109 | Uelzen, Germany | P-51D Mustang | 336 FS, 4 FG |
| January 6, 1952 | 1 | Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 | North Korea | F-86 Sabre | 25 FIS, 51 FIW |
| February 20, 1952 | 1 | MiG-15 | North Korea | F-86 Sabre | 25 FIS, 51 FIW |
| February 27, 1952 | 1 | MiG-15 | North Korea | F-86 Sabre | 25 FIS, 51 FIW |
|

SOURCES: *Air Force Historical Study 85: USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II* and *Air Force Historical Study 81: USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, Korean War*, Freeman 1993

## Awards and decorations

His awards include:

|  |
| --- |
|  | U.S. Air Force Command Pilot Badge |
|

### Notes

### Citations

1. Heidicker, Roy (August 7, 2013). "Youngest American WWII ace remembered \[UPDATED\]". *Air Combat Command*. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
2. "Van E. Chandler". *Veteran Tributes*. Archived from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
3. Pettit, Emma (August 3, 2015). "Greeley World War II fighter pilot receives congressional medal posthumously". *Greeley Tribune*. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
4. "Van E. Chandler" (PDF). *4th Fighter Group Association*. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
5. Eric Hammel (November 21, 2020). *Air War Europa Chronology: America's Air War Against Germany In Europe and North Africa 1942–1945*. p. 690. ISBN 9798569101122. Archived from the original on September 19, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
6. Wylie, Arthur (2005). *Aerial Victories of the Jet Era*. Lulu.com. p. 59. ISBN 9781411665989. Archived from the original on September 19, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
7. "Mary "Betty" Elizabeth Chandler". *Dignity Memorial*. 2021. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
8. "Van Chandler". *Military Times of Valor*. Archived from the original on April 9, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
9. "Republic of Korea Korean War Service Medal". *Air Force Personnel Center*. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Van E. Chandler | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait, 1970s | |
| Birth name | Van Edgar Chandler |
| Born | (1925-03-05)March 5, 1925
Kemp, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | March 11, 1998(1998-03-11) (aged 73)
Greeley, Colorado, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | Air Force |
| Years of service | 1943–1974 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit |  |
| Commands | 22nd Tactical Fighter Squadron |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards |  |


title: PuTTY

abstract: PuTTY is a free and open-source terminal emulator, serial console and network file transfer application. It supports several network protocols, including SCP, SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw socket connection. It can also connect to a serial port. The name "PuTTY" has no official meaning. PuTTY was originally written for Microsoft Windows, but it has been ported to various other operating systems. Official ports are available for some Unix-like platforms, with work-in-progress ports to Classic Mac OS and macOS, and unofficial ports have been contributed to platforms such as Symbian, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone. PuTTY was written and is maintained primarily by Simon Tatham, a British programmer.

text:
# PuTTY

**PuTTY** (/ˈpʌti/) is a free and open-source terminal emulator, serial console and network file transfer application. It supports several network protocols, including SCP, SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw socket connection. It can also connect to a serial port. The name "PuTTY" has no official meaning.

PuTTY was originally written for Microsoft Windows, but it has been ported to various other operating systems. Official ports are available for some Unix-like platforms, with work-in-progress ports to Classic Mac OS and macOS, and unofficial ports have been contributed to platforms such as Symbian, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.

PuTTY was written and is maintained primarily by Simon Tatham, a British programmer.

## Features

PuTTY supports many variations on the secure remote terminal, and provides user control over the SSH encryption key and protocol version, alternate ciphers such as AES, 3DES, RC4, Blowfish, DES, and public-key authentication. PuTTY uses its own format of key files – PPK (protected by *Message Authentication Code*). PuTTY supports SSO through GSSAPI, including user provided GSSAPI DLLs. It also can emulate control sequences from xterm, VT220, VT102 or ECMA-48 terminal emulation, and allows local, remote, or dynamic port forwarding with SSH (including X11 forwarding). The network communication layer supports IPv6, and the SSH protocol supports the zlib@openssh.com delayed compression scheme. It can also be used with local serial port connections.

PuTTY comes bundled with command-line SCP and SFTP clients, called "pscp" and "psftp" respectively, and plink, a command-line connection tool, used for non-interactive sessions.

PuTTY does not support session tabs directly, but many wrappers are available that do.

## History

PuTTY development began late in 1998, and was a usable SSH-2 client by October 2000.

## Components

PuTTY consists of several components:

PuTTYthe Telnet, rlogin, and SSH client itself, which can also connect to a serial port PSCPan SCP client, i.e. command-line secure file copy. Can also use SFTP to perform transfers PSFTPan SFTP client, i.e. general file transfer sessions much like FTP PuTTYtela Telnet-only client Plinka command-line interface to the PuTTY back ends. Usually used for SSH Tunneling Pageantan SSH authentication agent for PuTTY, PSCP and Plink PuTTYgenan RSA, DSA, ECDSA and EdDSA key generation utility pterm(Unix version only) an X11 client which supports the same terminal emulation as PuTTY

## InfoBox

PuTTY
|
|  |
|
| Developer(s) | Simon Tatham |
| Initial release | January 8, 1999 (1999-01-08) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 0.81  / 15 April 2024 |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in |  |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, macOS, Linux |
| Type | Terminal emulator |
| License | MIT Licence |
| Website | www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ |


title: Arthur Brown (economist)

abstract: Arthur Joseph Brown,, was an English economist who was Professor of Economics at the University of Leeds.

text:
# Arthur Brown (economist)

**Arthur Joseph Brown**, CBE, FBA (8 August 1914 – 28 February 2003) was an English economist who was Professor of Economics at the University of Leeds.

## Early life and education

Though born in Alderley in Cheshire on 8 August 1914, Brown was raised in Yorkshire where he attended Bradford Grammar School. He studied PPE at The Queen's College, Oxford, graduating with first-class honours in 1936.

## Academic career

In 1937 Brown was elected a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford (beating Harold Wilson in the competition for the place) and was also appointed a lecturer at Hertford College, Oxford. He established a reputation as an economist and embraced Keynesianism. He remained at All Souls until 1946, but left his lectureship in 1940 when (during the Second World War) he joined the Foreign Research and Press Service, transferring in 1943 to the Foreign Office Research Department and then finally (in 1945) to the Economic Section of the Cabinet Office. During this period, he wrote articles on applied economics for the *Bulletin of International News*.

Brown left government service in 1947 to become Professor of Economics at the University of Leeds, where he remained until his retirement in 1979. During that period, he served as head of the university's Department of Economics and Commerce until 1965 and as pro-vice-chancellor from 1975 to 1977. He was made an emeritus professor on his retirement.

Brown wrote *Applied Economics: Aspects of the World Economy in War and Peace* (1948), *The Great Inflation, 1939–1951* (1955), *The Framework Of Regional Economics In The United Kingdom* (1972) and *World Inflation Since 1950: An International Comparative Study* (with Jane Darby, 1985). He also advised African governments during decolonisation, represented the UK on the United Nations's Consultative Group on the Economic and Social Consequences of Disarmament and produced a study on regional economics for the UK government for which he calculated the multiplier used to officially estimate the impact of government spending on a region's income.

## Honours

Brown was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1972, appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1974 and served as president of the Royal Economic Society from 1976 to 1978. He received honorary degrees from the Universities of Bradford, Kent, Aberdeen and Sheffield and was made an honorary fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford in 1985.

## Death

Brown died on 28 February 2003, aged 88.


title: Jack Fallon

abstract: Jack Patrick Fallon was a British jazz bassist born in Canada. Fallon played violin and studied with London Symphony Orchestra founder Bruce Sharpe before making double-bass his primary instrument in 1935 when he was 20 years old. During World War II he played in a dance band in the Royal Canadian Air Force, and settled in Britain after his discharge. He joined the band of Ted Heath in 1946, and played bebop in London clubs in his spare time. In 1947 he played with Ronnie Scott and Tommy Whittle at the Melody Maker/Columbia Jazz Rally, and following this worked with Jack Jackson (1947), George Shearing (1948), Duke Ellington (1948), and Django Reinhardt (1949). Soon after playing with Reinhardt, he played in a Count Basie ensemble which also included Malcolm Mitchell and Tony Crombie; he played with both of them after leaving Basie, working together with Hoagy Carmichael and Maxine Sullivan and touring in Sweden together with Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli. Fallon worked in the 1950s as an accompanist to Mary Lou Williams, Sarah Vaughan, and Lena Horne, and also served as a sideman in the ensembles of Humphrey Lyttelton, Kenny Baker, and Ralph Sharon. Additionally, he was house bassist at Lansdowne Studios. He worked outside of jazz with blues musicians such as Big Bill Broonzy and Josh White, and played with Johnny Duncan's Blue Grass Boys. As the bass guitar became more popular, Fallon became a champion of its use, and played both instruments in the latter part of his career. Fallon was also involved in the industry as a booker/promoter, having established the booking agency Cana Variety in 1952. Cana booked primarily jazz artists in its early stages but expanded to rock acts in the 1960s, including The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. Because of this connection, Fallon was asked by the Beatles to play violin fiddle style on the song "Don't Pass Me By" in 1968. In 1957, Fallon married Jean Lovell and they had three children. Fallon continued to play jazz locally in London and in the studios into the 1990s. He retired from performing in 1998 due to ill health. In 2002, he was awarded the Freedom of the City of London. He published a memoir entitled From the Top in 2005, and died the following year at age 90. His funeral was held on June 7, 2006 in London. In 2015, he was posthumously inducted into the London Music Hall of Fame.

text:
# Jack Fallon

**Jack Patrick Fallon** (October 13, 1915 – May 22, 2006) was a British jazz bassist born in Canada.

Fallon played violin and studied with London Symphony Orchestra founder Bruce Sharpe before making double-bass his primary instrument in 1935 when he was 20 years old. During World War II he played in a dance band in the Royal Canadian Air Force, and settled in Britain after his discharge. He joined the band of Ted Heath in 1946, and played bebop in London clubs in his spare time. In 1947 he played with Ronnie Scott and Tommy Whittle at the Melody Maker/Columbia Jazz Rally, and following this worked with Jack Jackson (1947), George Shearing (1948), Duke Ellington (1948), and Django Reinhardt (1949). Soon after playing with Reinhardt, he played in a Count Basie ensemble which also included Malcolm Mitchell and Tony Crombie; he played with both of them after leaving Basie, working together with Hoagy Carmichael and Maxine Sullivan and touring in Sweden together with Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli.

Fallon worked in the 1950s as an accompanist to Mary Lou Williams, Sarah Vaughan, and Lena Horne, and also served as a sideman in the ensembles of Humphrey Lyttelton, Kenny Baker, and Ralph Sharon. Additionally, he was house bassist at Lansdowne Studios. He worked outside of jazz with blues musicians such as Big Bill Broonzy and Josh White, and played with Johnny Duncan's Blue Grass Boys. As the bass guitar became more popular, Fallon became a champion of its use, and played both instruments in the latter part of his career.

Fallon was also involved in the industry as a booker/promoter, having established the booking agency Cana Variety in 1952. Cana booked primarily jazz artists in its early stages but expanded to rock acts in the 1960s, including The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. Because of this connection, Fallon was asked by the Beatles to play violin fiddle style on the song "Don't Pass Me By" (from *The Beatles)* in 1968.

In 1957, Fallon married Jean Lovell and they had three children. Fallon continued to play jazz locally in London and in the studios into the 1990s. He retired from performing in 1998 due to ill health. In 2002, he was awarded the Freedom of the City of London. He published a memoir entitled *From the Top* in 2005, and died the following year at age 90. His funeral was held on June 7, 2006 in London. In 2015, he was posthumously inducted into the London Music Hall of Fame (in London, Ontario).

1. Vacher, Peter (2006-06-12). "Obituary: Jack Fallon". *The Guardian*. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
2. "Inductees". *JRLMA*. Archived from the original on 2018-09-06. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
3. "Django's Bassists". *Gypsy Jazz UK*. 2014-12-09. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
4. Ankeney, Jason. "Jack Fallon | Biography & History | AllMusic". *AllMusic*. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
5. Frame, Pete (2011). *The Restless Generation: How rock music changed the face of 1950s Britain*. Omnibus Press. ISBN 9780857127136.
6. "Jack Fallon". *The Independent*. 2006-05-26. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
7. John, Kruth (2015). *This bird has flown: the enduring beauty of Rubber soul fifty years on*. hoopla digital. \[United States\]: Backbeat Books. ISBN 9781617136429. OCLC 974233703.
8. "Jazz bassist Fallon dies aged 90". *BBC News*. 2006-05-25. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
9. Reaney, James Stewart (2015-03-26). "Jack Fallon, Denise Pelley named as 2015 inductees into London Music Hall of Fame". *London Free Press*. Retrieved 2017-10-19.

## InfoBox

| Jack Fallon | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Jack Patrick Fallon |
| Born | (1915-10-13)October 13, 1915
London, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | May 22, 2006(2006-05-22) (aged 90)
London, England |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | Double bass, violin |
| Years active | 1940–1998 |


title: Tom Brophy (rugby)

abstract: Tom Brophy is an English former rugby union international who represented England from 1964 to 1966. In 1966 he swapped codes to become a rugby league footballer for Barrow.

text:
# Tom Brophy (rugby)

**Tom Brophy** is an English former rugby union international who represented England from 1964 to 1966. In 1966 he swapped codes to become a rugby league footballer for Barrow.

## Early life

Tom Brophy was born on 8 July 1942 in Liverpool. He studied chemistry at Loughborough College, where he played for Loughborough Colleges, the forerunner of the Loughborough Students Rugby Union Football Club. He became a chemistry teacher at Rossall School before his move into rugby league. In 1968 he had a daughter, named Sarah, who now works as head of English at Scarborough College.

## Rugby union career

Brophy made his international début on 8 February 1964 at Twickenham in the England vs Ireland match. Of the 8 matches he played for his national side he was on the winning side on just one occasion. He played his last match for England on 26 February 1966 at Colombes in the France vs England match.

Brophy's union career finished in 1966 when, on 3 October, he signed for Barrow. He had been due to appear in the first England RU trial at the end of the week.

## Rugby league career

Within a year of joining Barrow, Brophy was in the team that made it to the 1967 Challenge Cup Final. This had been the first appearance in a decade. They lost before a crowd of 76,290 to Featherstone Rovers 17-12 despite going into the game as favourites.

In 1972 he signed for Rochdale Hornets in an exchange deal that took Joe Chamberlain to the north Lancashire club. Here, Brophy did his best work in the centre, forming a good partnership with Norman Brelsford. Tom Brophy played right-centre in Rochdale Hornets' 16–27 defeat by Warrington in the 1973–74 Player's No.6 Trophy Final during the 1973–74 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 9 February 1974.

Brophy joined Salford in 1974, making 14 appearances for the club. He played stand-off in Salford's 0–0 draw with Warrington in the 1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final during the 1974–75 season at The Willows, Salford on Tuesday 17 December 1974, but was replaced by Ken Gill in the 10–5 victory in the replay at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on Tuesday 28 January 1975.

## Post-rugby days

Upon its opening in the early 1980s, Brophy became headmaster of St Gregory's Catholic High School in Warrington, a position he would hold until his retirement in 2000. As of April 2017, he is the longest-running headmaster of the school so far.

## Further reading

* Rugby Magazine - August 1964 - Profile of Tom Brophy, Loughborough College & England.

## InfoBox

Tom Brophy
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas John Brophy |
| Born | (1942-07-08) 8 July 1942<br>Liverpool, England |
| Playing information | |
| Rugby union | |
| Position | Fly-half |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  196?–66 Loughborough Colleges       Liverpool       Total 0 0 0 0 0  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1964–66 England 8    0 | |
| Rugby league | |
| Position | Centre |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1966–72 Barrow       1972–74 Rochdale Hornets       1974 Salford 14    8  Total 14 0 0 0 8  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1968 Lancashire 1 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: Parelictis

abstract: Parelictis is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae. Its only species, Parelictis saleuta, the mottled footman, has been recorded from the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. Both the genus and species were first described by Edward Meyrick in 1886. The wingspan is about 35 mm. The forewings are grey with slight patterning. The hindwings are pale yellow. Females have dark hindwing apices.

text:
# Parelictis

***Parelictis*** is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae. Its only species, ***Parelictis saleuta***, the **mottled footman**, has been recorded from the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. Both the genus and species were first described by Edward Meyrick in 1886.

The wingspan is about 35 mm. The forewings are grey with slight patterning. The hindwings are pale yellow. Females have dark hindwing apices.

## InfoBox

| *Parelictis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Tribe: | Lithosiini |
| Genus: | *Parelictis*
Meyrick, 1886 |
| Species: | ***P. saleuta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parelictis saleuta***
Meyrick, 1886 | |
|


abstract: International University Liaison Indonesia (IULI) is a private university established in 2014 as the strategic partner of the European University Consortium-IULI in Indonesia.

text:
# International University Liaison Indonesia

**International University Liaison Indonesia** (*IULI*) is a private university established in 2014 as the strategic partner of the European University Consortium-IULI in Indonesia.

## IULI Foundation

The IULI Foundation has been approved by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia to operate within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.

## Undergraduate programs

**Engineering**

* Automotive Engineering
* Aviation Engineering
* Computer Science
* Industrial Engineering
* Mechatronics Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering
* Food Technology
* Biomedical Engineering
* Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology

**Business and Social Sciences**

* Hotel and Tourism Management
* International Relations
* International Business Administration
* International Management

IULI is supported by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) with funds from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

## Partner Universities

## InfoBox

International University Liaison Indonesia (IULI)
| Motto | The Spirit of Science |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private University |
| Established | 2014 |
| Rector | Tutun Nugraha, Ph.D. |
| Location | BSD City, South Tangerang, Banten, 15345, Indonesia
6°19′31″S 106°42′05″E / 6.3253°S 106.7014°E / -6.3253; 106.7014 |
| Campus | **IULI Campus 1**
Associate Tower 7th Floor. Intermark, Jl Lingkar Timur BSD, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15310
**IULI Guest House**
Gg. IULI, Ciater, BSD City
 |
| Colors | Navy Blue |
| Mascot | Klauss the Owl |
| Website | iuli.ac.id |
|  | |


title: PuPrum Entertainment

abstract: PuPrum Entertainment is a major distributor of Cambodian produced films.

text:
# PuPrum Entertainment

**PuPrum Entertainment** is a major distributor of Cambodian produced films.

## Background

It is a s a joint venture between distributors, Sabay MVP and Westec Media Ltd. The joining of Savay MVP and Westec took place in February 2016. The name is a type of combination of Ta Prohm and "Pou", which means uncle.

The task of film distribution for the organization is made easier due to the fact that Westec and Sabay have their own cinemas in Cambodia.

According to a *Cinema Online* article by Chantrea Kim, the aim of the organization is to enhance the quality of Khmer films which don't appear abroad. They have plans to export Khmer films as well.

## Films distributed

Four PuPrum Entertainment films that had their trailers shown at a press conference held at the VIP Lounge of Major Cineplex, 2nd Floor AEON Mall on September 19, 2016. They were *Vikaljaret*, *Welcome to Hell*, *Diamond Island* and *Love to the Power of 4* The planned release for the four films was for the fourth quarter of that year.


title: Honus Craig

abstract: John Livingston "Honus" Craig was an American college football player and coach.

text:
# Honus Craig

**John Livingston "Honus" Craig** (November 30, 1881 – April 18, 1942) was an American college football player and coach.

## Early years

John Livingston Craig was born on November 30, 1881, in Culleoka, Tennessee, to Thompson Sloan Craig and Ella Cline.

## Playing career

### Vanderbilt

Craig was a prominent halfback for Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores football teams which won four SIAA titles. He was also selected All-Southern four times. McGugin once called him the South's greatest athlete and Vanderbilt's greatest halfback. One report says "When Craig was confronted with the above formidable title yesterday by a reporter whose business it is to know such things, he blushed like a girl and tried to show why Dan McGugin's judgment is not always to be trusted." In Craig's opinion, Bob Blake was the South's greatest player. Craig stood 5 feet 9 inches and weighed 165 pounds. He was nominated though not selected for an *Associated Press* All-Time Southeast 1920-1969 era team.

#### 1906

Vanderbilt had a major intersection for the first time when it defeated Carlisle in 1906 by a single Bob Blake drop kick, "the crowning feat of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association season." Craig called this his hardest game, giving special praise to Albert Exendine as "the fastest end I ever saw."

#### 1907

Craig went over for the touchdown to beat Sewanee in 1907, after the play which Grantland Rice called the greatest thrill he ever witnessed in his years of watching sports, the double-pass play ending with a pass from Bob Blake to Stein Stone. Earlier in the game Craig caught a 35-yard touchdown pass from Blake.

## Coaching career

Craig once coached at the Columbia Military Academy.

### Polytechnic College

Craig was coach and athletic director at Texas Wesleyan University (then called Polytechnic College).

## Death

Craig died on April 18, 1942, in Maury County, Tennessee, while on a fishing trip. At the time of his death he was safety director for the Tennessee State Highway Department.

## InfoBox

Honus Craig
| Craig c. 1906 | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1881-11-30)November 30, 1881
Culleoka, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | April 18, 1942(1942-04-18) (aged 59)
Rally Hill, Maury County, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1904–1907 | Vanderbilt |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Halfback |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1908 | Polytechnic (TX) |
| 1909–1910 | Terrill School for Boys |
|  | |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Awards | |
| 4x All-Southern (1904–1907)
1912 All-time Vandy 1st team.
1934 All-time Vandy team | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Asam brothers

abstract: The Asam brothers were sculptors, painters, and architects, who worked mostly together and in southern Germany. They are among the most important representatives of the German late Baroque.

text:
# Asam brothers

The **Asam brothers** (Cosmas Damian Asam and Egid Quirin Asam) were sculptors, painters, and architects, who worked mostly together and in southern Germany. They are among the most important representatives of the German late Baroque.

## Life

Cosmas Damian Asam and his brother Egid Quirin Asam were two of the nine children of **Hans Georg Asam** (1649–1711), the resident painter in Benediktbeuern Abbey. Both were apprentices under their father. After the death of his father in 1711, Cosmas Damian traveled to Rome, sponsored by the abbot of Tegernsee, in order to receive further education there. Presumably his brother accompanied him on this trip.

The works of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini made a profound impression on Cosmas Damian, and in 1713 he received the first prize of the Accademia di San Luca in the presence of the Pope. In 1716 Egid Quirin finished his training under the Munich court sculptor Andreas Faistenberger. After their return from Italy, the brothers received many commissions, thanks to their close ties to the Order of St. Benedict.

Both brothers followed in their father’s footsteps in their tendencies and training. Cosmas Damian worked as a painter and sculptor; Egid Quirin, as architect, stucco-worker, and sculptor. As their specialties complemented each other well for architectural assignments, they worked together on nearly all their commissions.

In particular, Cosmas Damian’s great talent for fresco painting quickly made a name for the brothers outside of the Upper Palatinate. His frescoes were valued as highly as those of his Italian contemporary, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

While the frescoes and stucco-works executed by the brothers in Bamberg were still strongly characterized by a certain illusionism, they achieved in later works, such as those in Weingarten Abbey, a uniform interplay of individual elements that provided a stage-like setting for the Baroque church service. With the construction and organization of the influential church in Weltenburg Abbey, they assured their fame. According to the criteria of the late Baroque period, they succeeded in bringing together painting, sculpture, light, space, and architecture into a unified total work of art.

While their architectural commissions ranged from Bohemia to the Tyrol and Switzerland, from around 1727 both brothers resided in Munich. Their best known building is the Church of St. John Nepomuk, popularly known as the Asamkirche, in Munich, next to which they lived. This late work, wedged into an exceedingly small space and built without commission, served as a private chapel for the Asam brothers.

* Bruno Bushart et al. (eds): *Cosmas Damian Asam (1686-1739). Life and work*. Prestel, Munich, 1986, ISBN 3-7913-0767-3.
* Frank Büttner: "Egid Quirin and Cosmas Damian Asam" In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): *Große Gestalten der bayerischen Geschichte*. Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-8316-0949-9.
* Anne Drees Bach: "Cosmas Damian Asam and Egid (Aegid) Quirin Asam". In: Jürgen Sausage and Alexander Langheiter (eds.): *Monachia*. Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-88645-156-9, pp. 102–103.
* Gabriele Greindl: *The Asam brothers. Baroque in eastern Bavaria*. HB, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-616-06722-7.
* Gerhard Hojer: Egid Quirin and Cosmas Damian Asam. Munich 1986.
* Anton Röhrl: The Asam family of artists and their work in Lower Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate. World Petersburg Academy, Abensberg in 1987.
* Bernhard Rupprecht: The Asam brothers. Sense and Sensibility in the Bavarian Baroque. 2 Edition. Regensburg, 1985, ISBN 3-7917-0653-5.
* Clemens Unger: The Asam brothers. Baroque in eastern Bavaria and Bohemia. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg, 2000, ISBN 3-7954-1261-7.
* *Asam in Freising. Catalog of the exhibition in the Diocesan Museum Freising 24 November 2007-3. February 2008*. Diocesan Museum Freising, catalogs and journals, 45 Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-2034-5.
* Hanfstaengl, Erika: Cosmas Damian Asam. Munich: Filser, 1939 (Munich contributions to art history, and 4).


title: Papaipema silphii

abstract: Papaipema silphii, the silphius borer moth, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Papaipema silphii is 9498.

text:
# Papaipema silphii

***Papaipema silphii***, the **silphius borer moth**, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Papaipema silphii* is 9498.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Papaipema silphii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Tribe: | Apameini |
| Genus: | *Papaipema* |
| Species: | ***P. silphii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Papaipema silphii***<br>Bird, 1915 | |
|


title: Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas

abstract: Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas is the sixth game in the Rainbow Six series of video games. It was released in November 2006 for the Xbox 360, December 2006 for Windows, and in June 2007 for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable. The game's storyline follows a new team that is dispatched to Las Vegas, Nevada to defeat international terrorist Irena Morales and her army of mercenaries that are repeatedly attacking key locations in the city. A sequel developed by Ubisoft Montreal was released on Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 consoles in March 2008 and on PC in April 2008. The game is also playable on Xbox Series X with online features still available.

text:
# Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas

***Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas*** is the sixth game in the *Rainbow Six* series of video games. It was released in November 2006 for the Xbox 360, December 2006 for Windows, and in June 2007 for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable. The game's storyline follows a new team that is dispatched to Las Vegas, Nevada to defeat international terrorist Irena Morales and her army of mercenaries that are repeatedly attacking key locations in the city. A sequel developed by Ubisoft Montreal was released on Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 consoles in March 2008 and on PC in April 2008. The game is also playable on Xbox Series X with online features still available.

## Gameplay

*Rainbow Six Vegas* changes the series with multiple new features, such as a new health system where the player regenerates health while not taking fire (the player may sometimes be killed instantly, without a chance to regenerate health; this usually happens from grenades, as well as taking close-range fire from very powerful weapons like shotguns, particularly to the head). The player's vision is greatly impaired while damaged, similar to the health system in *Gears of War*. Furthermore, a third-person view has been included for moments where players can blind-fire around corners to lay down suppression or covering fire. Other changes include a larger enemy presence and much tougher artificial intelligence, a shift in focus to where kills will be much harder to obtain, a reincarnated aiming system similar to the aiming system of the old *Rainbow Six* games and a context-sensitive D-pad based command system for the player's squad and sections of gameplay where the player will scale buildings and cause environmental damage. The player can also give voice commands using the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 headset, but teammates are no longer audible through the headset.

There is no mission planning feature or save system; instead, the game uses a checkpoint system. The developers also opted to almost entirely exclude cutscenes, telling the story through video feeds on a heads-up display. The player also has various skills, such as the ability to rappel up and down buildings while shooting and the ability to fast rope into an area.

## Plot

In 2010, Rainbow operatives Logan Keller, Gabriel Nowak and Kan Akahashi are deployed to a Mexican border town, where they are tasked with capturing Irena Morales, a terrorist ringleader. As the team reaches its landing zone, Logan is separated from the others after he fast-ropes down first.

Logan fights his way through the town and manages to regroup with Gabriel and Kan at an old church. After infiltrating a train yard and freeing a group of hostages, the team eventually makes its way to a mine where Irena is hiding. However, they are ambushed, and Gabriel and Kan are captured as Irena escapes.

Alone and armed only with his pistol, Logan fights his way through an abandoned factory, eventually escaping by helicopter. He is then redeployed to handle a related crisis in Las Vegas. He is dropped outside the Calypso Casino and links up with his new team: Michael Walters and Jung Park. The team clears out the casino and saves a group of hostages, including a NATO weapons researcher, who reveals that *another* scientist has been captured.

The team then rescues a kidnapped reporter, who informs them that the terrorists are using a news van as a communications hub. Logan's team sends a transmission and destroys the hub, then heads to rescue the second weapons researcher. Rainbow is dropped on the Vertigo Spire luxury hotel, where the team finds and rescues the missing researcher, who informs the team about a micro-pulse bomb that was planted in the Vertigo. Michael disarms the bomb, and the team is then extracted to locate Gabriel and Kan. However, a normal bomb devastates a tower adjacent to the hotel.

The team is dispatched to Dante's Casino, where they find Gabriel and Kan. However, Kan is fatally wounded during extraction. He manages to reveal that the attack in Las Vegas is a distraction before dying. The team then proceeds to a theatre to hack a terrorist server where they discover that Irena's target is the Nevada Dam.

As they arrive at the dam, the team discovers *another* micro-pulse bomb which they defuse. They then encounter a hostage who informs them that the dam will collapse if they do not activate an emergency release valve. After activating the valve, the team proceed into the facility, where they discover that it is a weapons research lab. They also find that the terrorists have a micro-pulse missile on top of the dam.

Logan presses forward, confronts Irena, and kills her. The team then heads to the top of the dam and destroys the missile. Logan receives a transmission from Gabriel, who tells him that *he* was Irena's mole before hijacking the team's helicopter.

As Gabriel attempts to escape with the helicopter, Logan can either let him escape or shoot him down. Later, Logan and the team are sent out to locate the organization behind Irena and Gabriel's terrorist activity. Much later, a news clip states that a helicopter had crashed into a lake, but no bodies were found.

## Development

The game was in development for more than 2 years. 180 people worked on the game.

### Patches

During November 2007, the North American Support Supervisor announced on the Ubisoft forums that Ubisoft "has and will always provide support for this title", and also confirmed that Ubisoft was working on another patch." The patch was released on July 19, 2007, and updated the game to version 1.05. Since that time, Ubisoft has released the latest patch 1.06.

### Collector's Edition

A Limited Collector's Edition of *Rainbow Six: Vegas* was released at the game's launch featuring alternative cover art and a bonus disc. The bonus disc contained a documentary on the making of *Rainbow Six: Vegas* and a *Rainbow Six* retrospective, which features information on all *Rainbow Six* games in the series.

### Expansion packs

On April 18, 2007, the *Player's Pack Red Edition* was released as downloadable content on Xbox Live. The pack includes two new game modes. The first is "Assassination" whereby one team has to protect a VIP armed only with a pistol, whilst the other team needs to assassinate him. The second is *Conquest* (a "capture and hold"-style game, whereby each team has to hold as many strategic points for as long as possible). Three new maps were also included: "Doscala Restaurant," "Marshalling Yard," and "Roof." The maps "Killhouse" and "Border Town" have been redesigned and packaged as two new "redux" maps. The expansion pack comes directly after an update was released for the game. All original game modes and maps are compatible with those featured in the *Player's Pack Red Edition*. On July 6, 2007, the Red Pack was made available for download free of charge.

On June 26, 2007, a new downloadable content pack was released. The *Player's Pack Black Edition* features five new maps. "Red Lotus", "Wartown" and "Neon Graveyard" are the three newly featured maps. "Streets: Redux" has been redesigned in a similar fashion to the Redux maps found in the *Player's Pack Red Edition*, and "Presidio" is a map overhauled and upgraded from *Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield*. On June 27, 2007, the *Black Edition* was retracted from the Xbox Live Marketplace. Ubisoft announced that it was pulled due to a pricing error and that the pack (which was originally priced at 800 Microsoft Points) was intended to be free. On June 30, 2007, the *Black Edition* was re-released for download free of charge; Xbox Live users who paid for the pack had their points reimbursed.

Both the *Red* and the *Black* player packs were released for PC platform on July 26, 2007, and are included in the PS3 retail version.

## Reception

The Xbox 360 edition of *Rainbow Six: Vegas* was released to very positive reviews from major gaming news outlets, such as GameSpy (5/5), GameSpot (9.1/10), IGN (9.3/10), and TeamXbox (9.5/10). IGN called *Vegas* the "best first-person shooter on the Xbox 360", while GameSpot described the game as an "excellent, immersive tactical shooter". *Hyper'*s Cam Shea commended the game for its "fantastic visual design, game mechanics and multiplayer". However, he criticized "some of the voice acting and terrorist supply closets". The PC and PS3 versions have also received positive reviews, while the PSP version received mixed reviews.

*Rainbow Six Vegas* has won numerous awards, including "Best First-Person Shooter", "Best Xbox 360 First-Person Shooter", "Best Online Game", and "Best Xbox Live Game" in IGN's Best of 2006, as well as an "Editor's Choice Award" from GameSpot. Gaming Target also selected the title as one of "52 Games We will Still Be Playing From 2006". It also received the "Best Online Game" award from *Official Xbox Magazine* in their annual Game of the Year awards. The editors of *Computer Games Magazine* presented *Vegas* with their 2006 "Best Action Game" award and named it the fourth-best computer game of the year. During the 10th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences awarded *Rainbow Six: Vegas* with "First-Person Action Game of the Year", along with receiving a nomination for "Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction".

According to Ubisoft, as of March 31, 2007, *Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas* had sold 1.7 million copies. The Xbox 360 version received a "Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

## Major League Gaming

In early 2007, *Rainbow Six: Vegas* became the first Xbox 360 title to join the Major League Gaming (MLG) Circuit. It premiered in the opening event of the season in Charlotte, North Carolina. This game had its last showing at Las Vegas Nevada, the final stop on the 2007 MLG Pro Circuit. However, *Rainbow Six: Vegas 2*, the game's sequel, was featured on the 2008 MLG Pro Circuit, with its first showing in San Diego, California.

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## InfoBox

| Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Ubisoft Montreal
Ubisoft Quebec (PSP) |
| Publisher(s) | Ubisoft |
| Director(s) | Maxime Béland |
| Producer(s) | Chadi Lebbos |
| Designer(s) | Jean-Pascal Cambiotti |
| Programmer(s) | * Luc Bouchard * Benoît Frappier |
| Artist(s) | Olivier Léonardi |
| Writer(s) | Lucien Soulban |
| Composer(s) | Paul Haslinger |
| Series | *Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six* |
| Engine | Unreal Engine 3
Unreal Engine 2 (PSP) |
| Platform(s) | Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, mobile phone |
| Release | November 20, 2006 |
| Genre(s) | Tactical shooter, first-person shooter |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Heather Von St James

abstract: Heather Von St. James is an American cancer survivor, cancer research advocate, and blogger. Von St. James serves as a mesothelioma research funding advocate and conference speaker for the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization and Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation. Von St. James was diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma in 2005 at the age of 36. She received her diagnosis just after the birth of her first child, Lucious. In February 2006, Von St. James underwent extensive thoracic surgery, known as extrapleural pneumonectomy, with adjuvant intra-operative heated chemotherapy under the care of thoracic surgeon Dr. David J. Sugarbaker at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. She was declared cancer-free later that year. Von St. James’ recovery from the disease is clinically unique because malignant mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive cancer typically diagnosed in older patients that, even with treatment, has a 6 to 9 month median survival rate. Mesothelioma, commonly caused by exposure to asbestos, typically only manifests after a 10-50 year period following exposure. Von St. James' was thinking back to her younger years looking for a cause and instantly thought about the years she spent with her father at his construction site. At these sites, her father would be covered in dust from dry-wall mud that contained asbestos. After finding the cause and getting the diagnosis she was told she only had 15 months to live, yet she is now cancer-free.

text:
# Heather Von St James

**Heather Von St. James** (born January 5, 1969) is an American cancer survivor, cancer research advocate, and blogger. Von St. James serves as a mesothelioma research funding advocate and conference speaker for the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization and Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation.

Von St. James was diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma in 2005 at the age of 36. She received her diagnosis just after the birth of her first child, Lucious.

In February 2006, Von St. James underwent extensive thoracic surgery, known as extrapleural pneumonectomy, with adjuvant intra-operative heated chemotherapy under the care of thoracic surgeon Dr. David J. Sugarbaker at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. She was declared cancer-free later that year.

Von St. James’ recovery from the disease is clinically unique because malignant mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive cancer typically diagnosed in older patients that, even with treatment, has a 6 to 9 month median survival rate. Mesothelioma, commonly caused by exposure to asbestos, typically only manifests after a 10-50 year period following exposure. Von St. James' was thinking back to her younger years looking for a cause and instantly thought about the years she spent with her father at his construction site. At these sites, her father would be covered in dust from dry-wall mud that contained asbestos. After finding the cause and getting the diagnosis she was told she only had 15 months to live, yet she is now cancer-free.

## InfoBox

| Heather Von St James | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1969-01-05) January 5, 1969 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Blogger |


title: Whispering Shadows

abstract: Whispering Shadows is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Emile Chautard and starring Lucy Cotton, Charles A. Stevenson and Philip Merivale. It is based on the 1917 play The Invisible Foe by Walter C. Hackett, the rights for which were acquired for six thousand dollars. It was distributed independently on a states rights basis, partly by the former major studio World Film which released it in several markets.

text:
# Whispering Shadows

***Whispering Shadows*** is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Emile Chautard and starring Lucy Cotton, Charles A. Stevenson and Philip Merivale. It is based on the 1917 play *The Invisible Foe* by Walter C. Hackett, the rights for which were acquired for six thousand dollars. It was distributed independently on a states rights basis, partly by the former major studio World Film which released it in several markets.

## Plot

Helen Bransby is the daughter of Richard Bransby, a wealthy industrialist. She is engaged to Hugh Brook, an employee in her father's business who plans to leave to rejoin the army. Bransby's nephew Stephen Pryde is jealous of Hugh and has designs on Helen. He forges business records to make it appear that Hugh has been embezzling money from the firm. Bransby confronts Hugh, who adamantly denies the theft and vows not to see Helen until he has cleared his name. Stephen advises Hugh to enlist in the army under a false name, to prevent Bransby from thwarting his plans. Bransby subsequently realizes that Stephen had forged Hugh's handwriting and forces him to write a confession. Before Bransby can take further action he dies suddenly, leaving Stephen's confession between the pages of a copy of David Copperfield which his sister then reshelves.

Helen, now living in the city, refuses to allow Bransby's study in the Long Island house to be touched. After a period of time and with no word from Hugh, she reluctantly accepts Stephen's marriage proposal. Stephen is eager to get access to the study to find and destroy his confession. Helen writes to her aunt to tell her to give Stephen the keys, but finds her hand writing a mysterious phrase that refers to *David Copperfield*. Sensing that this may be a message from her dead father, she follows Stephen to the house and finds that Hugh has also returned there. Stephen's confession is discovered and Helen and Hugh are now free to marry.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* John T. Soister, Henry Nicolella & Steve Joyce. *American Silent Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy Feature Films, 1913-1929*. McFarland, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Whispering Shadows | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Emile Chautard |
| Based on | *The Invisible Foe*
by Walter C. Hackett |
| Starring | Lucy Cotton
Charles A. Stevenson
Philip Merivale |
| Production
company | Peerless Pictures |
| Distributed by | World Film |
| Release date | * June 6, 1921 (1921-06-06) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |