title: Mystic Power

abstract: Mystic Power is a 2013 reggae album by the Ivorian artist Alpha Blondy. Songs on the album address the Second Ivorian Civil War.

text:
# Mystic Power

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Robert Christgau |  |
| *RapReviews* | 7/10 |

***Mystic Power*** is a 2013 reggae album by the Ivorian artist Alpha Blondy.

Songs on the album address the Second Ivorian Civil War.

## Critical reception

*The Washington Post* wrote that "the songs are upbeat and assured, whether fueled by the soulful horns and backing vocals of 'My American Dream' or the slinky groove of 'J’ai Tue Le Commissaire.'” The *East Bay Express* wrote that "Blondy (seemingly effortlessly) does what he's done his entire career: make uplifting, inspirational music that seems to channel a higher power."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alpha Blondy

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hope" (featuring Beenie Man) | 4:28 |
| 2. | "My American Dream" | 4:57 |
| 3. | "J'ai tué le commissaire" | 5:05 |
| 4. | "Seydou" | 4:40 |
| 5. | "Crime spirituel" | 3:49 |
| 6. | "La Bataille d'Abidjan" | 4:27 |
| 7. | "France à fric" | 3:57 |
| 8. | "Ouarzazate" | 4:33 |
| 9. | "Soutra" | 3:42 |
| 10. | "Woman" | 4:14 |
| 11. | "Le Métèque" | 2:58 |
| 12. | "Danger ivoirité" | 4:16 |
| 13. | "Reconciliation" (featuring Tiken Jah Fakoly) | 6:24 |
| 14. | "Pardon" | 4:48 |
| 15. | "Exil (Malavoi)" | 0:38 |
| Total length: | | 01:02:56 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Mystic Power | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Alpha Blondy | |
| Released | 4 March 2013 (2013-03-04) |
| Genre | Roots reggae |
| Length | 1:02:56 |
| Label | VP Records |
| Producer | Alpha Blondy |
| Alpha Blondy chronology | |
| *Vision*
(2011) ***Mystic Power***
(2013) *Positive Energy*
(2015) | |


title: Mike Smith (singer-songwriter)

abstract: Larry Michael Smith was born on October 3,1939, and lived in several small towns in Kansas before moving to Hollywood in 1958. Smith first appeared on Decca Records in 1960 with a rockabilly backbeat song, "Sara Ruth" which was written as a joke for a high school friend. The other side of the record, "Week of Loneliness," had a limited success in the Bay Area of California and in his adopted home town of Stockton, it was number one. In April, 1959, Billboard chose the record as a Billboard Pick. In 1962, Smith had a release on Era Records of "By the Time You Read This Letter" b/w "That's What I'd Do", which were recorded in the Gold Star Studios of Hollywood, the inventors of flanging and phasing. Two originals were self-produced at the Oro Records studio in Modesto, California: "The Meaning of Love" b/w "Pretty Little Baby" with vocal backing by The Terrys, a four girl group from Stockton, California. Smith had independent releases on the label Orchid of Memphis, owned by Prewitt Rose: "Pictures" b/w "Lightin' Up Behind The Barn", recording as Smith and Morales, session at Gardnerville, NV; "Love Of An Everyday Man" b/w "Country Rock and Roll" as Carson Smith, co-written with Prewitt Rose, session in Lexington, Kentucky. On his own label Smith recorded "Arkansas River" b/w "Son of the Other Gun" with Terry Mort, drums, and Bob Bales, bass, session Tulsa, Oklahoma. Smith pursued writing and performing and any opportunity to record. In 1980 one of his compositions, "We Have So Much To Give", was the California State Theme Song for The Council on Aging. During Smith's career he was managed by Abe Olman, Fred Stryker and Prewitt Rose. Smith now lives in Coffeyville, Kansas and continues to write and record.

text:
# Mike Smith (singer-songwriter)

**Larry Michael Smith** was born on October 3,1939, and lived in several small towns in Kansas before moving to Hollywood in 1958.

Smith first appeared on Decca Records in 1960 with a rockabilly backbeat song, "Sara Ruth" which was written as a joke for a high school friend. The other side of the record, "Week of Loneliness," had a limited success in the Bay Area of California and in his adopted home town of Stockton, it was number one. In April, 1959, *Billboard* chose the record as a Billboard Pick.

In 1962, Smith had a release on Era Records of "By the Time You Read This Letter" b/w "That's What I'd Do", which were recorded in the Gold Star Studios of Hollywood, the inventors of flanging and phasing.

Two originals were self-produced at the Oro Records studio in Modesto, California: "The Meaning of Love" b/w "Pretty Little Baby" with vocal backing by The Terrys, a four girl group from Stockton, California.

Smith had independent releases on the label Orchid of Memphis, owned by Prewitt Rose: "Pictures" b/w "Lightin' Up Behind The Barn", recording as Smith and Morales, session at Gardnerville, NV; "Love Of An Everyday Man" b/w "Country Rock and Roll" as Carson Smith, co-written with Prewitt Rose, session in Lexington, Kentucky.

On his own label Smith recorded "Arkansas River" b/w "Son of the Other Gun" with Terry Mort, drums, and Bob Bales, bass, session Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Smith pursued writing and performing and any opportunity to record. In 1980 one of his compositions, "We Have So Much To Give", was the California State Theme Song for The Council on Aging. During Smith's career he was managed by Abe Olman, Fred Stryker and Prewitt Rose. Smith now lives in Coffeyville, Kansas and continues to write and record.


title: Phan Đình Thắng

abstract: Phan Đình Thắng is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a midfielder for V.League 1 club Sông Lam Nghệ An.

text:
# Phan Đình Thắng

**Phan Đình Thắng** (born 2 October 1993) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a midfielder for V.League 1 club Sông Lam Nghệ An.

## Honours

### Club

**Quang Nam**

## InfoBox

Phan Đình Thắng
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Phan Đình Thắng | | |
| Date of birth | (1993-10-02) October 2, 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Cửa Lò, Nghệ An, Vietnam | | |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2006–2008 | Hà Nội | | |
| 2009–2011 | Viettel | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011–2012 | Hòa Phát Hà Nội | 8 | (0) |
| 2012 | Hà Nội | 3 | (0) |
| 2013 | Bình Định | 11 | (0) |
| 2014 | Viettel | 14 | (0) |
| 2015–2020 | Quảng Nam | 120 | (7) |
| 2021–2022 | Sông Lam Nghệ An | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 15 July 2018 | | | |


title: Hajigak mining concession

abstract: Hajigak Mine is the best known and largest iron oxide deposit in Afghanistan, located near the Hajigak Pass, with its area divided between Maidan Wardak and Bamyan provinces. It has the biggest untapped iron ore deposits of Asia.

text:
# Hajigak mining concession

**Hajigak Mine** is the best known and largest iron oxide deposit in Afghanistan, located near the Hajigak Pass, with its area divided between Maidan Wardak and Bamyan provinces. It has the biggest untapped iron ore deposits of Asia.

## Summary of Deposits

The deposit itself stretches over 32 km and contains 16 separate zones, up to 5 km in length, 380 m wide and extending 550 m down dip, seven of which have been studied in detail. The ore occurs in both primary and oxidized states. The primary ore accounts for 80% of the deposit and consists of magnetite, pyrite and minor chalcopyrite. The remaining 20% is oxidized and consists of three hematitic ore types. The deposit remained unmined in 2006. The presence of coking coal nearby at Shabashak in the Dar-l-Suf District and large iron ore resources made the deposit viable for future development of an Afghan steel industry. Open pit mining and blast furnace smelting operations were envisioned by an early feasibility study. The Hajigak also includes the unusual niobium, a soft metal used in the production of superconducting steel.

## History

Germans were the first to plan to exploit this deposit systematically after planning a steel mill during or shortly after World War I. In the 1960s Russians prepared a comprehensive report on the mineral resources of Afghanistan, however also failed to exploit the deposits.

When in the 1960s the Kala Bagh steel mill was planned in Pakistan, it was expected that it could partly use Hajigak iron ore. This is because the Pakistani mines where not of good quality at the time. However, this scheme failed.

## Geology of Hajigak

Afghanistan has a complex geology due to its position on the junction between the Indo-Pakistan and Asian crustal plates. It is composed of a series of terranes that broke away from the main Gondwana super-continent before becoming accreted onto the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. The accretionary events started in the Cretaceous, around 140 million years ago, and have continued until recent times. At some stage in the early Cretaceous there is evidence of a collision of one of these blocks, the Farad block, with the Eurasian plate, along the Herat fault zone. Shortly afterwards, the Helmand block collided with the Farad block. The rocks that host the Hajigak deposit are within the Herat fault zone, and it is likely they were originally part of the Farad and Helmand Blocks.

The oldest part of the succession crops out north-west of the Hajigak deposits. It consists of grey silicified limestones and dolomites interbedded with dark grey crystalline schists and light coloured quartzites that display evidence of amphibolite grade metamorphism. The Hajigak iron deposit is hosted by the Upper Proterozoic Awband Formation that, together with the underlying Kab Formation, constitutes the Qala Series, a sequence of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks up to 4500m thick. The Kab Formation consists of dark grey sandy sericitic schists, interpreted as metamorphosed terrigenous rocks, acid volcanic rocks and minor beds of marble and phyllite. The Awband Formation is made up of schists (quartz-sericite, quartzchlorite-sericite, quartz-sericitechlorite and carbonaceoussericite) that are metamorphosed acid and basic tuffites and argillaceous rocks. Minor cherts and marbles also occur. The Green Schist Formation, a distinctive unit overlying the Awband Formation, consists dominantly of green chlorite schists, and quartz-sericitic schists locally intruded by granodiorites. Some reports consider it as a member of the Awband Formation. Upper Devonian rocks of the Hajigak Formation are faulted against the Green Schist Formation. Strata of Lower Cretaceous and younger age crop out in the south west of the area, unconformable on the older sequences.

The predominant strike of the Proterozoic and Palaeozoic rocks is between north-east and north-north-east, with a regional dip of approximately 50° towards the south-southeast or south-east. One major steeply dipping fault juxtaposes the Upper Proterozoic rocks against the crystalline middle Proterozoic rocks. Another throws Upper Devonian rocks against the Upper Proterozoic Green Schist Formation. In addition a suite of north–south and north-west–south-east trending faults, some of them probably thrusts, affect the Upper Proterozoic succession, including the iron ore deposits.

The Upper Proterozoic rocks of the Qala Series are interpreted as being deposited in a slowly subsiding marine basin. The initial basin fill was a variable sequence of sandstones and minor volcaniclastic sediments. Later there was an increase in volcanic activity and exhalative iron-rich fluids formed lenses on the sea floor. These sediments were subsequently altered by burial and low-grade (greenschist facies) metamorphism and became the basement of the Helmand Block. This block drifted away from Gondwana supercontinent in the Triassic. During the collision with Eurasia, in the early Cretaceous, faulting juxtaposed the Upper Proterozoic Qala series, the Middle Proterozoic rocks and the Upper Palaeozoic rocks. These fault-bounded blocks are a local characteristic of the Herat fault zone. As the collision progressed, the faulted blocks were folded into a northeast–south-west trending anticline the axis of which passes to the north of the area mapped. A series of thrusts developed as indicated by the increased thickness of the iron ore and its host rocks within the central zone at Hajigak. During the final phase of faulting the north–south and north-west–south-east faults that affect the ore deposits were developed. Later post-Cretaceous extension led to the further development of north-west–southeast faults and graben structures filled with young sediments. Subsequent erosion has exposed the core of the Hajigak anticline with the concordant ore bodies on the southeast limb.

## Mineralisation

The Hajigak deposit trends north-east–south-west for about 9 km and is made up of 16 separate ore bodies, each up to 3 km in length. The deposit can be divided up into three geographical parts, the western, central and eastern parts. In addition to the large ore bodies there is a substantial area of thin fragmental ore deposits in the form of four surficial deposits. The main hematitic ore is medium- to fine-grained and displays a variety of massive, banded and porous textures. It occurs in lenses and sheets, within the Awband Formation. The thickness of the lenses has been indicated by drilling to be up to 100m, while the depth of mineralisation is untested 180m below surface. There are two main ore groups: unoxidised primary ores and semi-oxidised ores. The primary ores occur below 100 m and consist of magnetite and pyrite, and up to 5% chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The oxidised ores, extending up to 130m below ground surface, consist mainly of magnetite, martite and hydrogoethite. Two other oxidised ore types, hydrogoethite/hematite/semi-martite and carbonate/semi-martite, occur sporadically in small amounts in the deposit. Alteration that may be related to the mineralising event has been observed within the host rocks, and includes sericitisation, silicification and carbonisation.

## Exploration

Iron occurrences were observed during initial geological mapping of the area in the mid thirties but the economical potential was not fully recognised until a joint Afghan-Soviet project, between 1963 and 1965, carried out an extensive study which mapped and described the deposit in some detail. The regional geology was mapped at 1:50 000 while the Hajigak deposit was mapped at 1:10 000. Focusing on the western area of the deposit, the study included detailed prospecting, trenching, ore sampling, four deep drillholes, a 200 m long horizontal adit and shafts into the fragmental ore. For two of the main ore bodies, I and II, horizontal plans and vertical crosssections were generated allowing the ore to be resource classified.

## Development

The remote and mountainous location of Hajigak makes it a challenging project for future development. However, the large tonnage and high iron content make it attractive to companies with the proven ability to plan and develop large world-class mines in demanding areas. The deposit remains untested below 180m and there is a potential for ore at greater depth. Additional prospects and mineral occurrences over a 60 km along strike, at Darrah-i-Nil, Khesh, Zerak, Kharkiza, SurkhiParsa, further increase the potential of the area. A feasibility study for the exploitation of the Hajigak deposit was undertaken in 1972 by a Franco-German group, Nenot-Pic. This proposed the construction of a blast furnace, based on the occurrence nearby of coking coal, providing an opportunity for the creation of an integrated iron and steel plant.

### Summary of Hajigak deposit

* A world-class iron ore deposit.
* Estimated resource of two billion tonnes at approximately 62% Fe.
* Sixteen ore bodies extending for up to 3 km and 100m thick.
* Amenable to open pitting.
* Coal resource nearby suitable for blast furnace/smelting.

## Award of concessions

In November 2011, the Afghan government has awarded four out of the five blocks at Hajigak to a consortium of seven Indian firms led by the Steel Authority of India (SAIL) and one block to Canada's Kilo Goldmines.

## Indian Government's Hajigak Mining Plan

KabulHeratJalalabadKandharMazar-e-SharifFarkhor Indian AirbaseUzbekistanZaranjQuettaclass=notpageimage|Indian and Pakistani embassy and consulates in Afghanistan in red

In May 2016, India, Iran and Afghanistan signed an agreement to develop two berths at Port of Chabahar, build new Chabahar-Zahedan railway as part of North–South Transport Corridor by linking it with Trans-Iranian Railway, invest up to INR 1 lakh crore (US$14 billion) in the Chabahar Special Economic zone by building gas and urea plant as well as other industries, this will also be linked with Chabahar-Zaranj-Delaram-Hajigak railway: 900 km long Indian-Iranian project, would link future US$10 billion Indian iron-ore mining operations at Hajigak, in Afghanistan to Chabahar, Iran.

## InfoBox

| Hajigak Mine | |
| --- | --- |
| Hajigak MineHajigak Mine | |
| Coordinates: 34°40′N 67°57′E / 34.667°N 67.950°E / 34.667; 67.950 | |
| Country | Afghanistan |
| Provinces | Maidan Wardak and Bamyan |
| Districts | Hesa Awal Behsood and Shibar |
| Elevation | 12,139 ft (3,700 m) |


title: Holger Münch

abstract: Holger Münch is a German police officer and since 2014 president of the Federal Criminal Police Office.

text:
# Holger Münch

**Holger Münch** (born 17 August 1961) is a German police officer and since 2014 president of the Federal Criminal Police Office.

## Life and career

Münch was born 1961 in Bremen and started in 1978 as a police officer in the force of his home town. From 2009 to 2011 he was chief of police in Bremen.

Since December 2014 Münch has been serving as president of the 'Bundeskriminalamt' (Federal Criminal Police Office), a German federal law enforcement board, which is roughly comparable to the FBI.

During Münch's time in office, the BKA notably conducted a coordinated 2017 campaign across 14 states, raiding the homes of 36 people accused of hateful postings over social media, including threats, coercion and incitement to racism.

## Other activities


title: Nyssodrysternum fulminans

abstract: Nyssodrysternum fulminans is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

text:
# Nyssodrysternum fulminans

***Nyssodrysternum fulminans*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

## InfoBox

| *Nyssodrysternum fulminans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Nyssodrysternum*** |
| Species: | ***N. fulminans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyssodrysternum fulminans***<br>(Bates, 1864) | |
|


title: Lake Lemon

abstract: Lake Lemon is a reservoir located in southern Indiana approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Bloomington, Indiana. It is bounded by private and public property in Monroe County and Brown County, with the eastern end of the lake in Brown County. The surface area of the lake is 1,650 acres (670 ha), making it the 11th largest lake in Indiana. There are 24 miles (39 km) of shoreline. The lake has an average depth of 9.7 feet (3.0 m) at full pool level. The greatest depth is somewhat in excess of 20 feet (6.1 m), matching with the original Bean Blossom Creek bed.

text:
# Lake Lemon

**Lake Lemon** is a reservoir located in southern Indiana approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Bloomington, Indiana. It is bounded by private and public property in Monroe County and Brown County, with the eastern end of the lake in Brown County. The surface area of the lake is 1,650 acres (670 ha), making it the 11th largest lake in Indiana. There are 24 miles (39 km) of shoreline. The lake has an average depth of 9.7 feet (3.0 m) at full pool level. The greatest depth is somewhat in excess of 20 feet (6.1 m), matching with the original Bean Blossom Creek bed.

## Construction

Damming of Bean Blossom Creek and construction of Lake Lemon began in 1953 with the intent to create a primary water source for nearby Bloomington, as well as a recreation area and flood control project for Bean Blossom Creek.

**Lake Lemon Dam** is an earthen dam 51 feet (16 m) in height, 660 feet (200 m) in length at its crest, and a maximum capacity of 45,700 acre-feet (56,400,000 m3). Construction was completed by 1956. Lake Lemon remained a primary water source for Bloomington until being replaced in the 1970s by Lake Monroe, a considerably larger man-made reservoir to the south. Lake Lemon still serves as a back-up water source for Bloomington.

The Indiana Rail Road's Shuffle Creek Trestle is located on the south side of the lake. It is the location of a July 2014 incident that nearly resulted in the deaths of two trespassers.

## Management

By the 1990s, the City of Bloomington Utilities department, which operated the lake, began looking for an alternative group to manage the lake. This was due in large part to financial pressures on that department's budget. A group of landowners around Lake Lemon formed the Lake Lemon Conservancy District to take over operation of the lake, and official operation of the lake was handed over to this group in 1995. In 2002, the City of Bloomington handed over operation of Riddle Point Park (located on the lake) to the conservancy district as well.

## Fauna and flora

The lake is home to two dozen varieties of fish (including largemouth bass, crappie, catfish, and bluegill); wildlife (including beaver and muskrat); and birds (including bald eagle, heron, and egret). Since 1985, the Indiana Department of Natural Resources has released 73 bald eagle chicks at nearby Lake Monroe, resulting in an increasing number of sightings of this species at Lake Lemon.

A very wide range of plants and trees find comfortable habitat on the lands immediately surrounding the lake. The most abundant plants include American lotus, cattail, and spatterdock. Tree varieties include silver maple and oak, both in abundance.

As of 2005, zebra mussels, an invasive species, have not been observed in the lake.

## Parks and other facilities

There are two publicly accessible parks located on the lake. The largest is Riddle Point Park operated by the Lake Lemon Conservancy district. This park features a boat ramp, a 1 acre (0.40 ha) native prairie grass demonstration area, a beach, a shelter house, and a nature trail. The other park is Little Africa Wildlife Viewing Area (39°15′9″N 86°21′52″W / 39.25250°N 86.36444°W / 39.25250; -86.36444), which covers 24 acres (9.7 ha) on a peninsula at the east end of the lake and features a nature trail.

Lake Lemon Marina is the only marina on the lake. It is located on the north shore of the lake and offers the only publicly available boat fuel on the lake. A private yacht club called Bloomington Yacht Club exists on the south shore of the lake.

Also on the south shore of the lake is the Indiana University Aquatic Center. This center hosts a number of activities including sailing, rowing, and water skiing. The facility is home to the Indiana University Women's Rowing Team, Indiana University Club Rowing Team, and Indiana University Sailing Club.

## InfoBox

| Lake Lemon | |
| --- | --- |
| 2002 | |
| Lake LemonLake Lemon | |
| Location | Monroe / Brown counties, Indiana, United States |
| Coordinates | 39°15′27″N 86°23′47″W / 39.2574°N 86.3963°W / 39.2574; -86.3963 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Primary inflows | Bean Blossom Creek |
| Primary outflows | Bean Blossom Creek |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface area | 1,650 acres (670 ha) |
| Average depth | 9.7 ft (3.0 m) |
| Max. depth | 20 ft (6.1 m) |
| Surface elevation | 630 ft (192 m) |


title: Two-price advertising

abstract: Two-price advertising is the sales and marketing practice of showing customers two prices, a supposed normal price and a lower price, which is claimed to be a special offer or discount, but in fact, the stated normal price is a fiction. The idea of two-price advertising is to present an apparent saving, usually very substantial, as a way to attract customers. The term two-price advertising refers only to those cases where the "normal" price claimed is designed to deceive. Regulatory treatment of the practice varies around the world. A clear deception, it is likely to come under false advertising or fair trading laws. The practice normally takes place only in retail marketing. Certain industries tend to be more prone to it than others.

text:
# Two-price advertising

**Two-price advertising** is the sales and marketing practice of showing customers two prices, a supposed normal price and a lower price, which is claimed to be a special offer or discount, but in fact, the stated normal price is a fiction.

The idea of two-price advertising is to present an *apparent* saving, usually very substantial, as a way to attract customers. The term two-price advertising refers only to those cases where the "normal" price claimed is designed to deceive.

Regulatory treatment of the practice varies around the world. A clear deception, it is likely to come under false advertising or fair trading laws. The practice normally takes place only in retail marketing. Certain industries tend to be more prone to it than others.

## Australia

In Australia, two-price advertising comes under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 as misleading conduct. The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) is responsible for enforcing that act and cooperates with the various state-government departments of fair trading or consumer protection which also investigate such matters. For example, ahead of Mother's Day, in 2006, the ACCC and state authorities issued joint warnings about jewelry prices shown in catalogues. Jewelry and carpet rugs seem to be industries frequently associated with two-price advertising.

In 2002, the now-defunct retail chain Allans Music was prosecuted by the ACCC over a catalogue that it issued in 2000, showing musical instruments at prices heavily discounted from stated normal prices. They pleaded guilty to 9 of the 18 counts and were fined $80,000. The court was satisfied the "was" prices shown were not prices that had been offered prior to the sale.

One point the case illustrated was that a disclaimer in a catalogue may not be a defence. Allans had fine print saying the savings were off recommended retail prices (RRPs) but that was only suppliers' recommendations. Allans chose not to rely on it as a defence or as mitigation on legal advice. Justice Tamberlin described that fine print as "obscure and totally inadequate". In fact, the disclaimer worked against the company, as it indicated to the judge that Allans knew that their claims needed an explanation, and so were not an accident.

1. Nation-wide monitoring of jewellery advertising, Australian Competition & Consumer Commission 10 May 2006
2. ACCC v Allans Music Group Pty Ltd, Federal Court of Australia report, at AustLII
3. Was: apparently a great marketing ploy. Now: unwanted attention from the ACCC, Freehills, 19 March 2003 Archived June 18, 2005, at the Wayback Machine

## Further reading


title: Huaura Province

abstract: Huaura is one of nine provinces of the Department of Lima on the Pacific coast of Peru. It has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants. Is the most important province of the Region Lima-Provinces. It is bordered by the province of Barranca and the Ancash Region in the north, the provinces of Cajatambo and Oyón and the Pasco Region in the east, the province of Huaral in the south and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Huacho is the capital of the province as well as the Region Lima.

text:
# Huaura Province

**Huaura** is one of nine provinces of the Department of Lima on the Pacific coast of Peru. It has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants. Is the most important province of the Region Lima-Provinces. It is bordered by the province of Barranca and the Ancash Region in the north, the provinces of Cajatambo and Oyón and the Pasco Region in the east, the province of Huaral in the south and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Huacho is the capital of the province as well as the Region Lima.

## Geography

Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:

## Political division

The 4,891.92 square kilometres (1,888.78 sq mi) is divided into twelve districts:

## Villages

11°06′24″S 77°36′18″W / 11.10667°S 77.60500°W / -11.10667; -77.60500

## InfoBox

| Huaura | |
| --- | --- |
| Province | |
| The archaeological site of Acaray in the Huaura Province | |
|  | |
| Location of Huaura in the Lima Region | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Lima |
| Capital | Huacho |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Crispulo Eddie Jara Salazar
(2019-2022) |
| Area | |
| Total | 4,891.92 km2 (1,888.78 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| Total | 227,685 |
| Density | 47/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| UBIGEO | 1501 |


title: Hyderabad Central

abstract: Hyderabad Central is a shopping mall in Hyderabad, India, located on the Punjagutta road. The mall includes Marks and Spencer, as well as a range of movies, music, books, coffee shops, a food court, supermarket and restaurants. The shopping space is spread over four levels, with PVR Cinemas located on the top (fifth) floor with a total area of 250,000 sq.ft. The mall was launched in November 2004 when the owners, Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited, at the same time also announced plans to create 12 to 15 malls across India within two years. An investment of some 701 million rupees was made in this mall, which was the second large-scale mall in the country, the first being in Bangalore. In 2005, it was alleged that plans only showed four theatres, however after the construction of five theatres a lengthy legal battle ensued. Hyderabad Central has the slogan "Brand. New"

text:
# Hyderabad Central

**Hyderabad Central** is a shopping mall in Hyderabad, India, located on the Punjagutta road. The mall includes Marks and Spencer, as well as a range of movies, music, books, coffee shops, a food court, supermarket and restaurants. The shopping space is spread over four levels, with PVR Cinemas located on the top (fifth) floor with a total area of 250,000 sq.ft.

The mall was launched in November 2004 when the owners, Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited, at the same time also announced plans to create 12 to 15 malls across India within two years. An investment of some 701 million rupees (approx. US$15.5 million) was made in this mall, which was the second large-scale mall in the country, the first being in Bangalore. In 2005, it was alleged that plans only showed four theatres, however after the construction of five theatres a lengthy legal battle ensued.

Hyderabad Central has the slogan "Brand. New"

## InfoBox

Hyderabad Central
| హైదరాబాద్ సెంట్రల్ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India |
| Coordinates | 17°25′35″N 78°27′11″E / 17.426401°N 78.453079°E / 17.426401; 78.453079 |
| Opening date | November 2004 |
| Owner | Pantaloon Retail |
| No. of floors | 12 \[4 are locked and two are parking. Rest 6 floors are shopping floors (0-5)\] |
| Parking | 150 + 150 (valet) |
| Website | pantaloons.com |


title: Vitricythara metria

abstract: Vitricythara metria is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Vitricythara metria

***Vitricythara metria*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs from North Carolina, USA, Guadeloupe, French Guiana to Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Vitricythara metria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vitricythara metria* (museum specimen at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Vitricythara* |
| Species: | ***V. metria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vitricythara metria***<br>(Dall, 1903) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acmaturris metria* (Dall, 1903) * *Agathotoma metria* (Dall, 1903) * *Cythara metria* Dall, 1903 (original combination) * *Cythara micromeris* Dall, W.H., 1903 * *Pyrgocythara metria* (Dall, 1903) | |


title: Jim Toohey Sr.

abstract: James John Toohey Sr. was an Australian rules footballer who played in Western Australia and with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Jim Toohey was born in Footscray, the eldest son of James Toohey and Jane Ralph. When he was eight, the family moved to Western Australia and he commenced his football career in 1904 playing in the Perth "first rate junior" league with Claremont before joining North Fremantle Football Club at the start of the 1905 WAFL season. After two years with North Fremantle he joined Mines Rovers in the Goldfields Football Association where he established himself as a leading player over four seasons with the club. He returned to North Fremantle in 1911 and played for two years before Fitzroy lured him back to Victoria. After appearing in the opening two rounds of the 1913 VFL season, Toohey left Fitzroy to coach Stawell. He returned in round seven and was a half forward flanker in Fitzroy's premiership team that year. In 1914 he kicked 38 goals, seven of them against a weak University team in the middle of the season. Toohey's career best tally was the fifth highest in the league that year. He also played in their losing 1917 VFL Grand Final side, as a centre half back. Toohey enlisted to serve in late 1916, but did not depart Australia until early 1918 and after serving in France returned to Australia in late 1919. He resumed his VFL career with Fitzroy in the 1920 VFL season. Two of Toohey's sons, Jim Jr. and Jack, were also league footballers at Fitzroy.

text:
# Jim Toohey Sr.

**James John Toohey Sr.** (23 July 1886 – 11 April 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played in Western Australia and with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Jim Toohey was born in Footscray, the eldest son of James Toohey and Jane Ralph. When he was eight, the family moved to Western Australia and he commenced his football career in 1904 playing in the Perth "first rate junior" league with Claremont (not the current WAFL club) before joining North Fremantle Football Club at the start of the 1905 WAFL season. After two years with North Fremantle he joined Mines Rovers in the Goldfields Football Association where he established himself as a leading player over four seasons with the club. He returned to North Fremantle in 1911 and played for two years before Fitzroy lured him back to Victoria.

After appearing in the opening two rounds of the 1913 VFL season, Toohey left Fitzroy to coach Stawell. He returned in round seven and was a half forward flanker in Fitzroy's premiership team that year. In 1914 he kicked 38 goals, seven of them against a weak University team in the middle of the season. Toohey's career best tally was the fifth highest in the league that year. He also played in their losing 1917 VFL Grand Final side, as a centre half back.

Toohey enlisted to serve in late 1916, but did not depart Australia until early 1918 and after serving in France returned to Australia in late 1919. He resumed his VFL career with Fitzroy in the 1920 VFL season.

Two of Toohey's sons, Jim Jr. and Jack, were also league footballers at Fitzroy.

## InfoBox

| Jim Toohey Sr. | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | James John Toohey Sr. | | |
| Date of birth | (1886-07-23)23 July 1886 | | |
| Place of birth | Footscray, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 11 April 1980(1980-04-11) (aged 93) | | |
| Place of death | Ivanhoe, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | North Fremantle | | |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 93 kg (205 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Half forward flank | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1905–06 | North Fremantle |  |
| 1907–10 | Mines Rovers |  |
| 1911–12 | North Fremantle |  |
| 1913–17, 1920 | Fitzroy | 78 (102) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1920. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Webbing stretcher

abstract: A webbing stretcher is an upholstery tool used to stretch webbing.

text:
# Webbing stretcher

A **webbing stretcher** is an upholstery tool used to stretch webbing.

## Chair upholstery

Traditional chairs are constructed of an open wooden frame, with their seat often supported by interwoven jute or cotton herringbone webbing. Stuffing is placed upon this, enclosed between hessian, then batting over this and finally the cover fabric. To provide a taut and long-lasting seat, the webbing must be tightened into place. The webbing material must also resist yielding over time, hence the use of a dense herringbone weave, rather than the cheaper hessian webbings also used in upholstery. Where wire springs are to be placed over the webbing, the more abrasion-resistant cotton webbing is used rather than jute.

## Modern webbings

In the 1950s, an elastic rubber or 'Pirelli' webbing became popular. This is made of black rubber, with an internal canvas reinforcement. This webbing is applied by hand and is not tensioned, the elasticity of the rubber being sufficient. It is attached by metal clips, fitting into grooves in the frame. As the webbing is elastic it is only used in parallel strips, rather than being interweaved: friction between these elastic webs moving over each other would soon abrade their edges.

## Stretchers

### Traditional stretchers

When the webbing is attached, it is fastened at one end, stretched into place and then held in place with tacks.

Tensioning is done with a simple wooden lever, the **webbing stretcher**. This looks like a bat or paddle with a simple handle, a locating groove along the opposing edge and a slot in the centre. The webbing is held in place by placing a loop through the slot and locking it with a wooden dowel pin. This pin is usually attached to the stretcher with a short chain or string. Using chain avoids the inconvenient twisting tendency of string.

In use, the grooved edge is located over a convenient edge of the frame to act as the fulcrum of a lever and the stretcher is levered outwards. As the handle is further away from the fulcrum than the slot, there is a mechanical advantage of about 3:1 in the tensioning force that can be generated, compared to simply pulling.

Stretchers are sold commercially, usually made of beech. Many upholsterers make their own though, from workshop offcuts.

### Stretcher pliers

Plier-type stretchers are sometimes used, particularly with leather strapping that is too short to allow a loop through a traditional stretcher. These have wide ridged jaws to grip the end of a webbing. A protrusion on one jaw acts as the fulcrum of a lever, to give a powerful tensioning force.

### American or 'gooseneck' stretchers

These are mostly used by direct pulling, rather than levering. A wooden or plastic block has a row of sharp raised point to grip the webbing by piercing it. The block is either held and pushed to tension the webbing, or a turned wooden handle on a gooseneck wire is used to pull it. The other edge of the block is sometimes padded to avoiding marking the frame, but is not as effective a lever as the traditional grooved type. As this type of stretcher is usually used by pulling rather than levering, it tends to leave the webbing slacker than traditionally expected. The pins can also damage the webbing, if used to apply an adequate force. This type is commonly used for making cheap furniture, where rubber webs are stapled permanently into place. As rubber only requires a low tension, they are adequate for this.


title: No. 158 Squadron RAF

abstract: No. 158 Squadron RAF was a World War I proposed ground attack squadron that did not become operational in time to see action, and a World War II bomber squadron. After World War II had ended in Europe the squadron operated in the transport role until disbandment in December 1945.

text:
# No. 158 Squadron RAF

**No. 158 Squadron RAF** was a World War I proposed ground attack squadron that did not become operational in time to see action, and a World War II bomber squadron. After World War II had ended in Europe the squadron operated in the transport role until disbandment in December 1945.

## History

### Formation in World War I

No. 158 Squadron RAF was first formed on 9 May 1918, and the squadron was originally to be equipped with Sopwith Snipe fighters, but this was postponed and the squadron eventually formed at Upper Heyford on 4 September 1918, equipped with Sopwith Salamander ground attack aircraft. The squadron arrived too late to see action during the war, and disbanded on 20 November 1918.

### Reformation and World War II

The squadron reformed at RAF Driffield on 14 February 1942, via the renumbering of No. 104 Squadron, which was equipped with the Vickers Wellington medium bomber, and 158 sqn used these on night raids to Germany and occupied France. In June 1942 the squadron re-equipped with the Halifax B.Mk.II heavy bomber and moved to RAF East Moor. On 6 November 1942 the squadron moved to RAF Rufforth, followed by a move to RAF Lissett on 28 February 1943. In January 1944 the squadron had re-equipped with the Halifax B.Mk.III and 'C' flight was used to form No. 640 Squadron at Leconfield. By 7 May 1945 the Second World War in Europe had finished and the squadron was transferred to RAF Transport Command, re-equipping with the Short Stirling Mk.V. The squadron moved to Stradishall on 17 August 1945, where it disbanded on 31 December 1945.

One of the 158 Squadron aircraft, a Halifax B.Mk.III, serial no. LV907, coded NP-F and nicknamed "Friday the 13th", completed 128 operational missions and was scrapped after being displayed on Oxford Street in London. A section of the nose from the aircraft was saved and is exhibited at the RAF Museum Hendon. The Halifax that is displayed at the Yorkshire Air Museum is made up of parts of various aircraft and painted as LV907, in honour of the aircraft and its crew. On 11 November 1945 a Stirling C.5 operated by the squadron was departing for the United Kingdom when it crashed on take off from RAF Castel Benito in Libya after the wing caught fire; 21 soldiers and five crew were killed, one person survived.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 158 Squadron RAF, data from
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| February 1942 | June 1942 | Vickers Wellington | Mk.II |
| June 1942 | December 1943 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.II |
| December 1943 | May 1945 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.III |
| April 1945 | May 1945 | Handley Page Halifax | Mk.VI |
| May 1945 | December 1945 | Short Stirling | Mk.V |
| November 1945 | December 1945 | Short Stirling | Mk.IV |

## Squadron bases

Bases and airfields used by no. 158 Squadron RAF, data from
| From | To | Base | Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 February 1942 | 6 June 1942 | RAF Driffield, Yorkshire | Det. at RAF Pocklington, Yorkshire, 14 Feb/5 Mar 1942 |
| 6 June 1942 | 6 November 1942 | RAF East Moor, Yorkshire | Det. at RAF Beaulieu, Hampshire
for operations with Coastal Command in October 1942 |
| 6 November 1942 | 28 February 1943 | RAF Rufforth, Yorkshire | Det. at RAF Manston, Kent
for operations with Coastal Command, 7/25 November 1942. |
| 28 February 1943 | 17 August 1945 | RAF Lissett, Yorkshire |  |
| 17 August 1945 | 31 December 1945 | RAF Stradishall, Suffolk |  |

## Commanding officers

Officers commanding no. 158 Squadron RAF, data from
| From | To | Name | Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 February 1942 | 7 October 1942 | W/Cdr. P. Stevens, DFC | Posted to 10 OTU |
| 7 October 1942 | 10 March 1943 | W/Cdr. C.G.S.R. Robinson, DFC | Posted to 138 Squadron |
| 10 March 1943 | 10 August 1943 | W/Cdr. T.R. Hope, DFC | MIA, 10 August 1943 |
| 11 August 1943 | 7 June 1944 | W/Cdr. C.C. Calder, DFC | Posted to 1652 HCU |
| 7 June 1944 | 7 March 1945 | W/Cdr. P. Dobson, DFC, AFC DSO |  |
| 7 March 1945 | 12 June 1945 | W/Cdr. G.B. Read, DFC |  |
| 12 June 1945 | 10 July 1945 | W/Cdr. F.J. Austin, DFC |  |
| 10 July 1945 | 30 July 1945 | S/Ldr. W.H. Whitty |  |
| 30 July 1945 | 31 December 1945 | W/Cdr. D. Iveson, DSO, DFC |  |

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). *Squadron Codes, 1937–56*. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
* Chorley, W.R. (1990). *In Brave Company: 158 Squadron Operations*. Self-published.
* Chorley, W.R.; Benwell, R.N. (1978). *In Brave Company: The History of 158 Squadron* (2nd ed.). Taunton, UK: Barnicotts Ltd.
* Delve, Ken (1994). *The Source Book of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
* Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). *Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
* Halley, James J. (1988). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. (2001). *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912* (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Moyes, Philip J.R. (1976). *Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
* Moyes, Philip J.R. (1968). *Royal Air Force Bombers of World War Two, Volume Two*. Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK: Hylton Lacy Publishers. ISBN 0-85064-000-8.

## InfoBox

| No. 158 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 9 May 1918 – 20 Nov 1918
14 Feb 1942 – 31 Dec 1945 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Bomber Squadron
Transport Squadron |
| Part of | No. 4 Group RAF, Bomber Command (Feb 42 – Jun 45)
No. 4 Group RAF, Transport Command (Jun 45 – Dec 45) |
| Motto(s) | *Strength in unity* |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | A circular chain of seven links
The chain is indicative of the combined strength and co-operation of aircrews |
| Squadron Codes | **NP** (Apr 1942 – Jun 1945)
**DK** (Jul 1945 – Dec 1945) |
| Tail markings | Two diagonal yellow stripes
(Apr 1945 – May 1945) |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | Vickers Wellington
Handley Page Halifax |
| Transport | Short Stirling |


title: Nyssodrysternum diopticum

abstract: Nyssodrysternum diopticum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

text:
# Nyssodrysternum diopticum

***Nyssodrysternum diopticum*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

## Habitat

The *Nyssodrysternum diopticum* is native to South America and specimens have been taken from Bolivia and Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Nyssodrysternum diopticum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Nyssodrysternum*** |
| Species: | ***N. diopticum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyssodrysternum diopticum***<br>(Bates, 1864) | |
|


title: Lake Shore Boulevard Bailey Bridge

abstract: Lake Shore Boulevard Bailey Bridge is a Bailey bridge in Toronto, Ontario. It is the one of two Bailey bridges in the current city and only remaining Bailey bridge within the Old Toronto. It was erected in 1952 but dates back to World War II when it was manufactured for the British Army. It is used as a pedestrian bridge to connect Exhibition Place to the waterfront south of Lake Shore Boulevard. This type of bridge was used to allow visitors to the Canadian National Exhibition to walk to waterfront activities in safety. It was erected by the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario using steel supplied by the Dominion Bridge Company and was renovated during 1998.

text:
# Lake Shore Boulevard Bailey Bridge

**Lake Shore Boulevard Bailey Bridge** is a Bailey bridge in Toronto, Ontario. It is the one of two Bailey bridges in the current city and only remaining Bailey bridge within the Old Toronto. It was erected in 1952 (some say 1947) but dates back to World War II when it was manufactured for the British Army. It is used as a pedestrian bridge to connect Exhibition Place to the waterfront south of Lake Shore Boulevard.

This type of bridge was used to allow visitors to the Canadian National Exhibition to walk to waterfront activities in safety.

It was erected by the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario using steel supplied by the Dominion Bridge Company and was renovated during 1998.

## InfoBox

| Lake Shore Boulevard Bailey Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Lake Shore Boulevard Bailey Bridge | |
| Coordinates | 43°37′49″N 79°25′24″W / 43.6303619°N 79.4233082°W / 43.6303619; -79.4233082 |
| Carries | Pedestrians |
| Crosses | Lake Shore Boulevard |
| Locale | Toronto |
| Maintained by | Toronto Transportation Services |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Bailey bridge |
| Material | Steel |
| Total length | 27.4 metres (90 ft) |
| History | |
| Constructed by | Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Hyderabad Bus Rapid Transit System

abstract: The Hyderabad BRTS is a planned bus rapid transit system for the Indian city of Hyderabad, India. One corridor has been identified for testing the BRT System. Electrically powered Articulated Buses are being proposed to be used on the corridor.

text:
# Hyderabad Bus Rapid Transit System

The **Hyderabad BRTS** is a planned bus rapid transit system for the Indian city of Hyderabad, India. One corridor has been identified for testing the BRT System. Electrically powered Articulated Buses are being proposed to be used on the corridor.

## Corridor

The following corridor was identified for BRTS

**Corridor:** KPHB - JNTU - Malaysian Township - Shilparamam - Mindspace - IIIT - Financial Dist - narsingi - kokapet

## InfoBox

| Hyderabad BRTS | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Locale | Hyderabad, India |
| Transit type | bus rapid transit system |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | Proposed |
| Operator(s) | hyderabad airport metro limited <br>Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority |
| Technical | |
| System length | 20 kilometres (12 mi) |


title: Vitricythara

abstract: Vitricythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Vitricythara

***Vitricythara*** is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.

## Species

Species brought into synonymy  * Fargo, William G. The Pliocene Turridae of Saint Petersburg, Florida. 1953.

* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.
* Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Mangeliidae
* Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77(3): 273-308

## InfoBox

| *Vitricythara* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vitricythara metria* (museum specimen at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Vitricythara*<br>Fargo, 1953 |
|
| Species | |
| *See text* | |


title: Mikael Eriksson (ice hockey)

abstract: Thorbjörn Mikael Eriksson is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward, currently playing with Växjö Lakers Hockey in the Swedish Elitserien (SEL). Eriksson was born and raised in Karlskoga, Sweden, with Bofors HC as his youth team. After scoring 13 goals and 35 points with Karlskoga HC in the 2005–06 Swedish Division 2 season, Eriksson signed with the Division 1 team Grums IK for the 2006–07 season, where he scored 12 points in 26 games. During the season he was also called up to the senior Bofors IK team of the second tier HockeyAllsvenskan on 17 occasions, but he only scored 3 points. After 14 goals and 29 points in 162 HockeyAllsvenskan games, Eriksson signed a two-year contract with Växjö Lakers Hockey who were newcomers of the Swedish top tier league Elitserien (SEL) in the 2011–12 season. He made his Elitserien debut on September 13, 2011, in the Lakers' premier game of the season against Frölunda HC. Eriksson did not score any points as Frölunda shutout the Lakers 2–0.

text:
# Mikael Eriksson (ice hockey)

**Thorbjörn Mikael Eriksson** (born January 3, 1987) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward, currently playing with Växjö Lakers Hockey in the Swedish Elitserien (SEL).

Eriksson was born and raised in Karlskoga, Sweden, with Bofors HC as his youth team. After scoring 13 goals and 35 points with Karlskoga HC in the 2005–06 Swedish Division 2 season, Eriksson signed with the Division 1 team Grums IK for the 2006–07 season, where he scored 12 points in 26 games. During the season he was also called up to the senior Bofors IK team of the second tier HockeyAllsvenskan on 17 occasions, but he only scored 3 points.

After 14 goals and 29 points in 162 HockeyAllsvenskan games, Eriksson signed a two-year contract with Växjö Lakers Hockey who were newcomers of the Swedish top tier league Elitserien (SEL) in the 2011–12 season. He made his Elitserien debut on September 13, 2011, in the Lakers' premier game of the season against Frölunda HC. Eriksson did not score any points as Frölunda shutout the Lakers 2–0.

## InfoBox

| Mikael Eriksson | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1987-01-03) January 3, 1987
Karlskoga, Sweden | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) | | |
| Weight | 209 lb (95 kg; 14 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| SEL team
Former teams | *Växjö Lakers*
**HockeyAllsvenskan**
Bofors IK | | |
| Playing career | 2011present | | |


title: Jim Toohey (politician)

abstract: James Philip Toohey was an Australian politician. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he was educated at state schools before becoming a car worker. After serving as assistant secretary of the Vehicle Builders' Employees Union, he was secretary of the South Australian Labor Party 1947–1955, and a member of its Federal Executive 1948–1959. He also sat on West Torrens Council. In 1953, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for South Australia. He held the seat until his retirement in 1970. Toohey died in 1992, aged 83.

text:
# Jim Toohey (politician)

**James Philip Toohey** AM (11 July 1909 – 18 August 1992) was an Australian politician. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he was educated at state schools before becoming a car worker. After serving as assistant secretary of the Vehicle Builders' Employees Union, he was secretary of the South Australian Labor Party 1947–1955, and a member of its Federal Executive 1948–1959. He also sat on West Torrens Council. In 1953, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for South Australia. He held the seat until his retirement in 1970.

Toohey died in 1992, aged 83.

## InfoBox

| Jim TooheyAM | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senator for South Australia | |
| **In office**
1 July 1953  30 June 1971 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1909-07-11)11 July 1909
Rose Park, South Australia |
| Died | 18 August 1992(1992-08-18) (aged 83)
Henley Beach, South Australia |
| Political party | Labor |
|  | |


title: Warren Powers

abstract: Warren Anthony Powers was an American football player and coach. He was the head coach at Washington State University in 1977, and the University of Missouri from 1978 through 1984, compiling an overall college football record of 53–37–3 (.586).

text:
# Warren Powers

**Warren Anthony Powers** (February 19, 1941 – November 2, 2021) was an American football player and coach. He was the head coach at Washington State University in 1977, and the University of Missouri from 1978 through 1984, compiling an overall college football record of 53–37–3 (.586).

## Early life

He was an all-state high school quarterback at Bishop Lillis High School from Kansas City, Missouri, and played college football at Nebraska, earning three letters as a Husker. As a senior, he helped lead Bob Devaney's first Nebraska team in 1962.

Powers played professionally for six years in the American Football League (AFL) with the Oakland Raiders. As a safety, he started for the 1967 AFL Champion Raiders and in the second AFL-NFL World Championship game, known now as Super Bowl II.

## Coaching career

Following his playing career, Powers was an assistant coach under both Bob Devaney and Tom Osborne at the University of Nebraska from 1969 through 1976.

After leaving Nebraska, Powers became the head coach at Washington State. One year after he left Nebraska, Powers took his unranked Washington State Cougars into Lincoln and knocked off the fifteenth-ranked Huskers in the season opener at Memorial Stadium.

The following year in 1978, Powers became the head coach at Missouri. With the Missouri Tigers, Powers again went to Lincoln with another unranked team and pulled off a victory over the second-ranked Nebraska team. Following that game, it would be another 25 years until 2003 when the Missouri Tigers would again defeat the Nebraska Cornhuskers. During his tenure at Missouri, Powers compiled a 46–33–3 (.579) record, including four straight bowl appearances from 1978 to 1981. His best seasons came in 1980 and 1981, where he posted consecutive 8–4 records. In addition, his Tiger football teams went 3–2 in bowl games, defeating LSU in the 1978 Liberty Bowl, South Carolina in the 1979 Hall of Fame Classic, and Southern Miss in the 1981 Tangerine Bowl. During Powers' tensure, Missouri also played in the 1980 Liberty Bowl, losing to Purdue, and the 1983 Holiday Bowl, losing to a BYU Cougars team led by quarterback Steve Young.

On October 24, 1979, the NCAA's Committee on Infractions publicly reprimanded Missouri for a violation of NCAA Constitution related to a failure to exercise institutional control. The violation was in regard to the use of a fund established outside the university for the purpose of paying Powers for debt he assumed while negotiating to become Missouri's head coach. NCAA regulations require the university's involvement when its coach receives a cash supplement related to duties he is performing on the institution's behalf, and the NCAA found that Missouri had failed to do so.

After a disappointing 3–7–1 season in 1984 that concluded with another loss to rival Kansas, Powers was relieved of his duties.

## Death

Powers died on November 2, 2021, in St. Louis, after suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | Coaches# | AP° |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Washington State Cougars** *(Pacific-8 Conference)* (1977) | | | | | | | | |
| 1977 | Washington State | 6-5 | 3–4 | T–4th |  |  |  |
| **Washington State:** | | 6-5 | 3–4 |  | | | | |
| **Missouri Tigers** *(Big Eight Conference)* (1978–1984) | | | | | | | | |
| 1978 | Missouri | 8–4 | 4–3 | T–3rd | **W** Liberty | 14 | 15 |
| 1979 | Missouri | 7–5 | 3–4 | 4th | **W** Hall of Fame Classic | 20 |  |
| 1980 | Missouri | 8–4 | 5–2 | 3rd | **L** Liberty |  |  |
| 1981 | Missouri | 8–4 | 3–4 | 5th | **W** Tangerine | 20 | 19 |
| 1982 | Missouri | 5–4–2 | 2–3–2 | 5th |  |  |  |
| 1983 | Missouri | 7–5 | 5–2 | T–2nd | **L** Holiday |  |  |
| 1984 | Missouri | 3–7–1 | 2–4–1 | T–5th |  |  |  |
| **Missouri:** | | 46–33–3 | 24–22–3 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 52–38–3 |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Warren Powers
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1941-02-19)February 19, 1941
Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | November 2, 2021(2021-11-02) (aged 80)
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1960–1962 | Nebraska |
| 1963–1968 | Oakland Raiders |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Running back, defensive back |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1969–1976 | Nebraska (DB) |
| 1977 | Washington State |
| 1978–1984 | Missouri |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 53–37–3 (.586) |
| Bowls | 3–2 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Awards | |
| Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award (1978)
Big Eight Coach of the Year (1983) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: No. 156 Squadron RAF

abstract: No. 156 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron that was active as a bomber unit in World War II.

text:
# No. 156 Squadron RAF

**No. 156 Squadron RAF** was a Royal Air Force Squadron that was active as a bomber unit in World War II.

## History

### Formation and World War I

No. 156 Squadron Royal Air Force was first formed on 12 October 1918 at RAF Wyton and equipped with DH 9 aircraft, but was disbanded on 9 December 1918 without becoming operational.

### Reformation in World War II

The squadron reformed in February 1942 from the home echelon of 40 Squadron at RAF Alconbury, in the Huntingdonshire area of Cambridgeshire, as part of No. 3 Group RAF and was equipped with Wellingtons. In August 1942 it joined No. 8 Group RAF it became one of the original pathfinder squadrons, converting to Lancasters in January 1943. It continued in the pathfinder role until the end of the war, being based at RAF Warboys, RAF Upwood and finally its original founding base, RAF Wyton, where it disbanded on 25 September 1945. The Jamaican airman Billy Strachan, who would go onto become a pioneer of Black civil rights in Britain, once served as an air gunner with the squadron.

## Notable pilots

## Memorials

There is a memorial to the crash of Avro Lancaster ED840, 156 Squadron, which crashed in the town in Lier, Belgium on 17 June 1943. It was on a mission to Cologne when it was shot down by anti-aircraft fire. In the Netherlands is a memorial for the Avro Lancaster ND559 crew. The crew was on 22 May 1944, on a mission to Duisburg. On the way back the plane was shot down above Molenaarsgraaf and Brandwijk.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 156 Squadron RAF
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 1918 | November 1918 | Airco DH.9 | A |
| February 1942 | January 1943 | Vickers Wellington | Mk.Ic |
| March 1942 | January 1943 | Vickers Wellington | Mk.III |
| January 1943 | September 1945 | Avro Lancaster | Mks.B.I & B.III |

## Squadron bases

Bases and airfields used by No. 156 Squadron RAF
| From | To | Base | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 October 1918 | 9 December 1918 | RAF Wyton, Cambridgeshire | Formed here |
| 14 February 1942 | 15 August 1942 | RAF Alconbury, Cambridgeshire | No. 3 Group RAF |
| 15 August 1942 | 5 March 1944 | RAF Warboys, Cambridgeshire | No. 8 Group RAF |
| 5 March 1944 | 27 June 1945 | RAF Upwood, Cambridgeshire |  |
| 27 June 1945 | 25 September 1945 | RAF Wyton, Cambridgeshire | Disbanded here |

## Commanding officers

Officers commanding No. 156 squadron RAF
| From | To | Name | Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 February 1942 | 30 May 1942 | W/Cdr. P.G.R. Heath | KIA |
| 30 May 1942 | 29 July 1942 | W/Cdr. H.L. Price | KIA |
| 30 July 1942 | 28 October 1942 | W/Cdr. R.N. Cook |  |
| 28 October 1942 | 8 June 1943 | W/Cdr. T.S. Rivett-Carnac, DFC |  |
| 17 January 1943 | 13 February 1943 | S/Ldr. S.G. Hookway, DFC (acting) | KIA |
| 8 June 1943 | 22 January 1944 | G/Cpt. R.W.P. Collings, AFC |  |
| 22 January 1944 | 27 April 1944 | W/Cdr. E.C. Eaton, DFC | KIA |
| 28 April 1944 | 7 May 1944 | S/Ldr. T.W.G. Godfrey (acting) |  |
| 7 May 1944 | 21 November 1944 | W/Cdr. T.L. Bingham-Hall, DFC |  |
| 21 November 1944 | 30 December 1944 | W/Cdr. D.B. Falconer, DFC, AFC | KIA |
| 30 December 1944 | 10 April 1945 | W/Cdr. T.E. Ison DSO, DFC |  |
| 10 April 1945 | 25 September 1945 | W/Cdr. A.J.L. Craig |  |

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Bowyer, Michael J.F. and John D.R. Rawlings. *Squadron Codes, 1937-56*. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
* Flintham, Vic and Andrew Thomas. *Combat Codes: A full explanation and listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied air force unit codes since 1938*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
* Halley, James J. *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918-88*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
* Moyes, Philip J.R. *Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1976. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
* Wadsworth, Michael P. *They Led the Way: the Story of Pathfinder Squadron 156*. Beverley: Highgate Publications Ltd., 1992. ISBN 0-948929-58-8.

## InfoBox

| No. 156 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Active | 12 October 1918 – 9 December 1918
14 February 1942 – 25 September 1945 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Part of | No. 3 Group RAF, Bomber Command (Feb 42-Aug 42)
No. 8 Group RAF, Bomber Command (Aug 42-Sep 45) |
| Motto(s) | *We light the way* |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | A figure of Mercury holding a torch |
| Squadron Codes | **GT** (Feb 1942 - Sep 1945) |


title: Nyssodrysternum gilvolineatum

abstract: Nyssodrysternum gilvolineatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Tavakilian in 2011.

text:
# Nyssodrysternum gilvolineatum

***Nyssodrysternum gilvolineatum*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Tavakilian in 2011.

## InfoBox

| *Nyssodrysternum gilvolineatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Nyssodrysternum*** |
| Species: | ***N. gilvolineatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyssodrysternum gilvolineatum***<br>Monne & Tavakilian, 2011 | |
|


title: Rokeby Preparatory School

abstract: Rokeby School is an independent all-boys preparatory day school in Kingston upon Thames, London. Its headmaster is Jason Peck. The school offers an education from 4 to 13 years through the integration of a pre-preparatory school and a preparatory school. The pre-prep school was known as Junior Rokeby until 2008 when headmaster Jason Peck unified the schools under one name and uniform, at the same time abolishing the senior school's traditional Latin motto in favour of a three word English one.

text:
# Rokeby Preparatory School

**Rokeby School** is an independent all-boys preparatory day school in Kingston upon Thames, London. Its headmaster is Jason Peck. The school offers an education from 4 to 13 years through the integration of a pre-preparatory school and a preparatory school. The pre-prep school was known as Junior Rokeby until 2008 when headmaster Jason Peck unified the schools under one name and uniform, at the same time abolishing the senior school's traditional Latin motto ("Aemulus studiorum et laborum", from Cicero meaning "the rival of pursuits and labours") in favour of a three word English one.

## History

### Wimbledon (1877–1966)

The school was founded in Wimbledon on 18 September 1877, originally at "Helmsley" (no. 47, Woodhayes Road), by Charles Olive, an Oxford graduate. The Helmsley site is just across the road from the current location of KCS, Wimbledon, which at the time of Rokeby's founding had yet to move from its central London campus. In the first term, however, not a single pupil appeared. In the second term the first boy enrolled (Charles J. Saunders), who later won a scholarship to Merchant Taylors' and continued onto St John's College, Oxford. By the end of the first year there were 15 boys attending the school. A year later numbers had increased sufficiently to warrant a larger premises, so the school was moved to another house known as "Rokeby" (at no. 17, The Downs) in 1879 – a site now occupied by Hall School Wimbledon.

When the Association of Preparatory Schools was founded in 1892 (a precursor to the current IAPS), Rokeby was one of the first members.

### Kingston (1966–present)

In 1965 the then owner of the school stated his intent to close it, and a group of parents decided that it should be rescued. Rokeby Educational Trust Limited, a charity, was set up in 1966 to establish a successor school on its current site in George Road Kingston. The George Road building (formerly known as "Coombe Croft") was one of a number of houses on George Road that had been owned by the Galsworthy family (whose members included John Galsworthy, author of *The Forsyte Saga*). Although by this date it was no longer residential, the buildings were still largely laid out as a country house. Over the years, significant investments have been made. First, there was major conversion work in the main house, then the building of the hall and science block, and a kitchen. The 1990s saw the rebuilding of the pre-prep accommodation, followed by the art wing and improved music facilities at the beginning of this decade. There has also been a significant refurbishment of the library, dining room and office accommodation, and a major investment in enhancing IT capabilities in recent years. The new Lower School Building comprising 6 classrooms, a performing arts hall and outdoor play space for the junior boys was officially opened by HRH Princess Alexandra on 16 October 2013.

For many years, the school made use of external sports facilities that were hired from year to year. After nearly 10 years of searching, the school bought its own sports fields in Worcester Park in 2003, some 10 minutes from the school, where a new pavilion was built. The motto of the school is "Smart, Skilful and Kind", which was coined by headmaster Jason Peck when he took over in 2007. Peck had been deputy headmaster to Michael Siegel, who authored a textbook, *Latin: A Fresh Approach*. There are four houses to which students belong: Bazelgette, Galsworthy, Moody and Olive.

A book by Peter Wicker, headmaster 1968–85, charting the history of the school's first 125 years (1877–2002), was published in late 2009: *Rokeby: the first 125 years*.

## Fees

School fees per term for the 2021/22 Academic Year are as follows:

* Reception - Year 2: £4,991
* Years 3 and 4: £5,843
* Years 5-8: £6,215

## Headmasters of Rokeby

* Charles Daniel Olive, M.A. (Oxon.), founder and first headmaster (1877–1909)
* Gabriel F. Olive, M.A. & Geoffrey R. Batterbury, M.A. (1909–39)
* John Aldrich Olive, M.A. (1939–1941, 1945–1953) & H.V. Fisher (1943–66)
* C.P. Kingdon (1966–68)
* Peter F. S. Wicker (1968–85)
* Roy M. Moody, Cantab. (1985–99) – former housemaster of Holman House, Epsom College
* Michael K. Seigel, Oxon. (1999–2007) – former head of classics, Colet Court (1976–1987) and author of *Latin: A fresh approach*
* Jason R. Peck (2007–present)

## Associated with Rokeby

### Governors of Rokeby

## Notable Old Rokebeians

### Military

### Science and Academia

### Law

* Sir Nigel George Davidson, CBE (1873–1961), Judge of the High Court, Sudan; also Deputy Chairman of Governing Body of Charterhouse School

### Politics/Government

### Education

### Literature

### Theology

* The Reverend Canon Dr Gavin Ashenden, theologian, author, broadcaster and columnist. Former Chaplain to HM The Queen

### Performing arts/media

### Art

### Music

* Inglis Gundry, English composer, novelist, musicologist, music pedagogue and writer

### Sport

### Medicine

* Prof. Digby Tantam, British psychiatrist and professor of psychotherapy

### Archaeology

* Sir Max Mallowan (1904–78), archaeologist and husband of Dame Agatha Christie. He said of Rokeby in his memoirs, "I do not think that I received a better education anywhere and spent at least two years marking time at my public school thereafter."

### City of London

## Cultural references

The school at Wimbledon was captured in a drawing named "White Lilies" by the artist Alfred Parsons

Hugo Cole's children's opera *The Asses' Ears*, was written for the school in 1950.

## Further reading

* Wicker, Peter (2009). *Rokeby: the first 125 years*. Kingston: Rokeby Educational Trust. ISBN 9780956413901.

## InfoBox

| Rokeby School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| George Road
Kingston upon Thames, Greater London, KT2 7PB
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°25′03″N 0°16′14″W / 51.4175°N 0.27068°W / 51.4175; -0.27068 |
| Information | |
| Type | Preparatory school |
| Motto | Smart, Skilful and Kind (until 2008 "Aemulus studiorum in et laborum") |
| Established | 1877 |
| Founder | Charles D. Olive, M.A. (Oxon.) |
| Department for Education URN | 102612 Tables |
| Headmaster | Jason Peck |
| Staff | c.45 |
| Age | 4 to 13 |
| Enrolment | 400 |
| Houses | Bazelgette, Galsworthy, Moody and Olive |
| Website | http://www.rokebyschool.co.uk |


title: Tyonek Airport

abstract: Tyonek Airport is a private-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northeast of the central business district of Tyonek, a village in the Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is owned by the Village of Tyonek. As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 2,356 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, a decrease of 27.7% from the 3,260 enplanements in 2007.

text:
# Tyonek Airport

**Tyonek Airport** (IATA: **TYE**, FAA LID: **TYE**) is a private-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northeast of the central business district of Tyonek, a village in the Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is owned by the Village of Tyonek.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 2,356 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, a decrease of 27.7% from the 3,260 enplanements in 2007.

## Facilities and aircraft

Tyonek Airport has one runway designated 18/36 with a gravel surface measuring 3,000 by 90 feet (914 x 27 m). As per the most recent FAA records, for the 12-month period ending July 1, 1988, the airport had 2,605 aircraft operations: 77% air taxi and 23% general aviation.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for TYE PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. effective 3 June 2010.
2. CY 2008 Passenger Boarding and All-Cargo Data. Federal Aviation Administration. Updated 18 December 2009.

## InfoBox

| Tyonek Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Owner | Village of Tyonek |
| Serves | Tyonek, Alaska |
| Elevation AMSL | 110 ft / 34 m |
| Coordinates | 61°04′32″N 151°07′56″W / 61.07556°N 151.13222°W / 61.07556; -151.13222 |
| Map | |
| **TYE**Location of airport in Alaska | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  18/36 3,000 914 Gravel | |
| Statistics | |
| Enplanements (2008) 2,356  Aircraft operations (1988) 2,605 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Hyderabad City Police

abstract: Hyderabad City Police is the local law enforcement agency for the city of Hyderabad, Telangana and is headed by the Commissioner of Police. The city police traces its origins to 1847 under Hyderabad State.

text:
# Hyderabad City Police

**Hyderabad City Police** is the local law enforcement agency for the city of Hyderabad, Telangana and is headed by the Commissioner of Police. The city police traces its origins to 1847 under Hyderabad State.

## History

### 1847–1948

The Nizam of Hyderabad used to appoint the commissioners of police who were officers of the Hyderabad Civil Service and they used to function during his pleasure. They were answerable to the Nizam directly on various matters of policing in Hyderabad city. However, as far as administrative matters were concerned the commissioner of police used to correspond with the Home Department directly. The commissioner of police was popularly called "Kotwal" and was responsible for the maintenance of the law and order, prevention and detection of crime, etc.

### Reorganization

Due to rapid increase in population, there has been a steady increase in crime. In view of the above in 1981 the city police was re-organised, vide G.O.Ms.No.341, Home Department, dated: 1981-05-30. The following structure was instituted:

* The disciplinary and administrative control of the force is held by the Commissioner of Police, having powers and functions of additional district magistrate.
* The city was divided into five zones: south, east, west, central and north, the four zones were again divided into 12 divisions. Each zone is in the charge of a deputy commissioner of police of the rank of a superintendent of police for maintenance of law and order, criminal investigation and keeping up the morale of the force.
* Each division is under the care of an assistant commissioner of police of the rank of deputy superintendent of police, who works under the control of deputy commissioner of police. He is responsible for prevention and detection of crimes, maintenance of law and order and discipline of the force.
* Each police station is under the care of an inspector of police who is the station house officer and performs all the duties and exercises all the powers of that office.
* The city crimes station was renamed as "Detective Department" which works under the deputy commissioner of police, assisted by assistant commissioners of police and inspectors.
* In 1992, the Government of Andhra Pradesh sanctioned three joint commissioners of police posts in the rank of deputy inspector general to assist the commissioner of police for effective functioning and better administration of city police each in-charge of co-ordination, crimes and security.
* One sub-inspector of police was to be placed in charge of law and order duties and another for crime duties for each police station. A divisional detective inspector for each division was provided for. In order to achieve this functional division it was proposed in the scheme to increases the number of posts of sub-inspectors and head constables and decrease the number of posts of police constables.plus in the corona time the police doing very good and in 2020 rainy season they were protecting still in heavy rain go police
* In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split into two. Hyderabad became a part of Telangana.

### Hierarchy

* Commissioner of Police (CP)
(ADGP Rank)
* Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl.CP)
(IG Rank)
* Joint Commissioner of Police (Jt.CP)
(DIG Rank)
* Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
(SP Rank)
* Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (Addl.DCP)
(Addl.SP Rank)
* Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)
(ASP/DSP Rank)
* Inspector of Police/Circle Inspector (CI)
* Sub-Inspector of Police (SI)
* Assistant Sub Inspector of Police (ASI)
* Head Constable (HC)
* Police Constable (PC)

## Current structure of Law and order Police Stations

Currently the Hyderabad City Police has five zones.

**North Zone**

1) Mahankali Division: PS Mahankali, PS Market, PS Ramgopal Pet 2) Gopalpuram Division: PS Gopalapuram, PS Maredpally 3) Begumpet Division: PS Begumpet, PS Bowenpally 4) Trimulgherry Division : PS Trimulgherry, Ps Bollaram, PS Karkhana

**Central Zone** 1) Abids Division : PS Abids, PS Begumbazar 2) Chikkadpally Division : PS Chikkadpally, PS Musheerabad, 3) Saifabad Division : PS Saifabad, PS Nampally, PS Khairthabad 4) Gandhi Nagar Division : PS Gandhi Nagar, PS Domal Guda, Ps Lake Police Station (Secretariat)

**South Zone** 1) Charminar Division: PS Charminar, PS Kamatipura, PS Hussaini Alam 2) Mirchowk Division: PS Mirchowk, PS Bhavani Nagar, PS Rein Bazar 3) Falaknuma Division: PS Falaknuma, PS Bahadurpura, PS Kala Phatar 4) Chatri Naka Division: PS Chatri Naka, PS Mogalpura, PS Shali banda

**South East Zone** 1) Chandrayangutta Division : PS Chandrayangutta, PS Bandla guda, PS Kanchan Bagh 2) Santosh Nagar Division : PS Santosh Nagar, PS IS Sadan 3) Saidabad Division : PS Saidabad, PS Madhannapet 4) Malakpet Division : Ps Malakpet, Ps Chaderghat, PS Dabeerpura

**South West Zone** 1) Asifnagar Division : PS Asifnagar, PS Habeeb Nagar, PS Humayun nagar 2) Goshamahal Division : PS Shah Inayat Gunj, PS Manglhat 3) Golconda Division : PS Golconda, PS Langer Houz 4) Kulsumpura Division : PS Kulsumpura, PS Guddi malkapur, PS Tappa Chabutra

**West Zone** 1) Banjara Hills Division: PS Banjara hills, PS Masab Tank 2) Jubilee Hills Division : PS Jubilee Hills, PS Film Nagar 3) Panjagutta Division: PS Panjagutta, PS Madhura Nagar 4) SR Nagar Division: PS SR Nagar, PS Borabanda

**East Zone** 1) Kachiguda Division: PS Kachiguda, PS Amberpet 2) Chilkalguda Division: PS Chilkalguda, PS Lala guda, PS Warsi guda 3) Osmania University Division : PS Osmania University, PS Nalla kunta

4) Sultan Bazar Division : PS Sultan Bazar, PS Afzal Gunj, PS Narayan Guda

## Hyderabad City Police Commissioners

## Women Police Stations

* WPS CCS
* WPS Begumpet
* WPS South zone

## Traffic Police Stations

1. Abid Traffic Police Station
2. Asif Nagar Traffic Police Station
3. Bahadurpura Traffic Police Station
4. Banjara Hills Traffic Police Station
5. Begumpet Traffic Police Station
6. Charminar Traffic Police Station
7. Chikkadpally Traffic Police Station
8. Falaknuma Traffic Police Station
9. Gopalpuram Traffic Police Station
10. Goshamahal Traffic Police Station
11. Jubilee Hills Traffic Police Station
12. Amberpet Traffic Police Station
13. Malakpet Traffic Police Station
14. Marredpally Traffic Police Station
15. Mahankali Traffic Police Station
16. Mirchowk Traffic Police Station
17. Nallakunta Traffic Police Station
18. Nampally Traffic Police Station
19. Narayanguda Traffic Police Station
20. Panjagutta Traffic Police Station
21. Saifabad Traffic Police Station
22. SR. Nagar Traffic Police Station
23. Sultan Bazar Traffic Police Station
24. Trimulgherry Traffic Police Station
25. Tolichowki Traffic Police Station

## Insignia of Hyderabad Police (City Police)

Gazetted Officers

**Indian Police Service gazetted officers rank insignia**
| **Insignia** |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | |  | |  | |  | | | | | |  | | | |  | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rank** | Director general of police | | Additional director general of police | | Inspector general of police | | Deputy inspector general of police | | Senior superintendent of police | | | Superintendent of police | | Additional superintendent of police | | Assistant superintendent of police | | | | | | Assistant superintendent of police (probationary for two years) | | | | Assistant superintendent of police (probationary for one year) | |
| **Abbreviation** | DGP | | ADGP | | IGP | | DIG | | SSP | | | SP | | Addl. SP | | ASP | | | | | | ASP | | | | ASP | |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Non-gazetted officers

**Indian Police non-gazetted officers rank insignia**
| **Insignia** |  | | |  | | |  | |  | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | |  | |  | | | | | | ***No insignia*** | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rank** | Inspector | | | Assistant inspector | | | Sub-inspector | | Assistant sub-inspector | | Head constable | | | | | | | | | | | | Police Naik | | | |  | |  | | | | | | Police constable | |
| **Abbreviation** | INSP/PI | | | API | | | SI | | ASI | | HC | | | | | | | | | | | | SC | | | |  | |  | | | | | | PC | |
|  | | | | | | | |
| * Note: Colour pattern and size of chevrons may vary according to the different rules of several distinct Indian State Police services. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Online presence

Hyderabad Police launched Facebook pages for the police stations in Hyderabad on 16 December 2014. The pages can be used by the general public to report grievances.

## Special agencies

* Intelligence Unit
* Commando Force
* Security Battalion

1. "Official Website of Hyderabad Police". Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
2. "C.V. Anand returns as Hyderabad police commissioner". 7 September 2024.
3. "About Us". Hyderabad City Police. Archived from the original on 27 January 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
4. "Official Website of Hyderabad City Police".
5. "Police Ranks and Badges". *Odisha Police*. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
6. "Police Ranks" (PDF). *Maharashtra Police*. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
7. "Governance of Kerala Police". *Kerala Police*. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
8. "Police Ranks" (PDF). *Maharashtra Police*. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
9. "Police Ranks and Badges". *Odisha Police*. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
10. "All Hyderabad Police Stations to be on Facebook Soon".

## InfoBox

| Hyderabad City Police | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Motto | Freedom from Fear Forever |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 28 March 1847 (1847-03-28) |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Hyderabad City Police (Telangana) | |
| Size | 650 sq. km |
| Population | 9.7 million |
| Legal jurisdiction | Hyderabad Metropolitan Region |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Hyderabad, Telangana |
| Agency executive |  |
| Parent agency | Telangana State Police |
| Facilities | |
| Stations | 105 |
| Website | |
| hyderabadpolice.gov.in | |


title: Gro Marit Istad Kristiansen

abstract: Gro Marit Istad Kristiansen is a retired Norwegian biathlete from Voss. She has been on the Norwegian elite team since 1998. In 1998 she became junior world champion in the sprint event, and she won her first triumph as a senior at the 2005 World Championships where she won the 12.5 km mass start.

text:
# Gro Marit Istad Kristiansen

**Gro Marit Istad Kristiansen** (born 9 February 1978) is a retired Norwegian biathlete from Voss. She has been on the Norwegian elite team since 1998. In 1998 she became junior world champion in the sprint event, and she won her first triumph as a senior at the 2005 World Championships where she won the 12.5 km mass start.

## InfoBox

Gro Marit Istad Kristiansen
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1978-02-09) 9 February 1978 |
|  | |
| Medal record      Women's biathlon  Representing  Norway  World Championships  2004 Oberhof  4 × 6 km relay  2005 Hochfilzen  Mass start 12.5 km  Junior World Championships  1997 Forni Avoltri 3 × 7.5 km relay  1998 Jericho/Valcartier Sprint  1998 Jericho/Valcartier Relay | |


title: Jim Townsend (Irish politician)

abstract: James Townsend was an Irish Labour Party politician and senator. Townsend stood for the Labour Party in Carlow–Kilkenny at the 1981 Irish general election, taking 2% of the first preference votes, and was not elected. In 1991, he was elected to Carlow County Council, representing the Bagenalstown area. He was appointed to the Seanad Éireann in 1993, serving one term, but was unsuccessful in Carlow–Kilkenny again at the 1997, 2002 and 2007 elections. At the local level, Townsend served on Carlow Town Council, and was Cathaoirleach of the county council. He died on 6 January 2021, aged 83.

text:
# Jim Townsend (Irish politician)

**James Townsend** (20 June 1937 – 6 January 2021) was an Irish Labour Party politician and senator.

Townsend stood for the Labour Party in Carlow–Kilkenny at the 1981 Irish general election, taking 2% of the first preference votes, and was not elected. In 1991, he was elected to Carlow County Council, representing the Bagenalstown area. He was appointed to the Seanad Éireann in 1993, serving one term, but was unsuccessful in Carlow–Kilkenny again at the 1997, 2002 and 2007 elections.

At the local level, Townsend served on Carlow Town Council, and was Cathaoirleach of the county council.

He died on 6 January 2021, aged 83.

## InfoBox

| Jim Townsend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senator | |
| **In office**
17 February 1993  17 September 1997 | |
| Constituency | Nominated by the Taoiseach |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1937-06-20)20 June 1937
County Carlow, Ireland |
| Died | 6 January 2021(2021-01-06) (aged 83)
County Carlow, Ireland |
| Political party | Labour Party |
|  | |


title: Halecania

abstract: Halecania is a genus of fungi in the family Leprocaulaceae. It has 22 species. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Michaela Mayrhofer in 1987, with Halecania alpivaga assigned as the type species. She created Halecania to contain species, formerly placed in Lecania, with the following characteristics: uniformly amyloid apical domes, paraphyses with dark brown apical caps, and halonate ascospores.

text:
# Halecania

***Halecania*** is a genus of fungi in the family Leprocaulaceae. It has 22 species. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Michaela Mayrhofer in 1987, with *Halecania alpivaga* assigned as the type species. She created *Halecania* to contain species, formerly placed in *Lecania*, with the following characteristics: uniformly amyloid apical domes, paraphyses with dark brown apical caps, and halonate ascospores (i.e., surrounded by a transparent coat).

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Halecania* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Isotype of *Halecania australis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Leprocaulales |
| Family: | Leprocaulaceae |
| Genus: | *Halecania*
M.Mayrhofer (1987) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Halecania alpivaga*
(Th.Fr.) M.Mayrhofer (1987) | |


title: Nikolay Ivanov (skier)

abstract: Nikolay Ivanov is a Kazakhstani cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 10 kilometre classical event at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Nikolay Ivanov (skier)

**Nikolay Ivanov** (born 21 April 1971) is a Kazakhstani cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 10 kilometre classical event at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

## InfoBox

Nikolay Ivanov
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Kazakhstani |
| Born | (1971-04-21) 21 April 1971<br>Kokchetav, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Cross-country skiing |