title: Vladimir Prijović

abstract: Vladimir Prijović is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for as a centre-back for Spartak Subotica.

text:
# Vladimir Prijović

**Vladimir Prijović** (born 26 June 2002) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for as a centre-back for Spartak Subotica.

## Career

### Club career

Prijović is a product of Red Star Belgrade. He was loaned out to Grafičar in the 2019-20 season, where he made one appearance for the club in the Serbian First League.

On 11 August 2020, Danish Superliga club AaB bought 18-year old Prijović for a fee around €210.000, with the player signing a four-year deal. In his first season at the club, Prijović only played for AaB's U-19 squad and reserve team. He made a total of two appearances for the Danish club, both in the Danish Superliga in 2021-22.

On 27 July 2022, Prijović returned to his homeland, as he signed with Napredak Kruševac. On 31 August 2023, Spartak Subotica confirmed the signing of Prijović on a three-year deal with an option for one further year.

## InfoBox

Vladimir Prijović
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Vladimir Prijović | | |
| Date of birth | (2002-06-26) 26 June 2002 | | |
| Place of birth | Priboj, Serbia, FR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre-back | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Spartak Subotica | | |
| Number | 26 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –2020 | Red Star Belgrade | | |
| 2020–2021 | AaB | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2019–2020 | Grafičar (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2021–2022 | AaB | 2 | (0) |
| 2022–2023 | Napredak Kruševac | 19 | (1) |
| 2023– | Spartak Subotica | 24 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2016–2017 | Serbia U15 | 4 | (0) |
| 2017 | Serbia U-16 | 4 | (0) |
| 2018 | Serbia U-17 | 2 | (0) |
| 2023– | Serbia U-21 | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 10:40, 22 September 2024 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 28 March 2023 | | | |


title: Grewia milleri

abstract:
Grewia milleri is a species of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae family.
It is found only in Yemen.
Its natural habitat is rocky areas.

text:
# Grewia milleri

***Grewia milleri*** is a species of flowering plant in the Malvaceae *sensu lato* or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae family. It is found only in Yemen. Its natural habitat is rocky areas.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| *Grewia milleri* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Subfamily: | Grewioideae |
| Genus: | *Grewia* |
| Species: | ***G. milleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Grewia milleri***
S.Abedin | |
|


title: Guidobaldo da Montefeltro

abstract: Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, also known as Guidobaldo I, was an Italian condottiero and the Duke of Urbino from 1482 to 1508.

text:
# Guidobaldo da Montefeltro

**Guidobaldo** (or **Guido Ubaldo**) **da Montefeltro** (25 January 1472 – 10 April 1508), also known as **Guidobaldo I**, was an Italian condottiero and the Duke of Urbino from 1482 to 1508.

## Biography

Born in Gubbio, he succeeded his father Federico da Montefeltro as Duke of Urbino in 1482.

Guidobaldo married Elisabetta Gonzaga, the sister of Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua. Guidobaldo was impotent, and they had no children, but Elisabetta refused to divorce him.

He fought as one of Pope Alexander VI's captains alongside the French troops of King Charles VIII of France during the latter's invasion of southern Italy; later, he was hired by the Republic of Venice against Charles. In 1496, while fighting for the pope near Bracciano, Guidobaldo was taken prisoner by the Orsini and the Vitelli, being freed the following year.

Guidobaldo was forced to flee Urbino in 1502 to escape the armies of Cesare Borgia, but returned after the death of Cesare Borgia's father, Pope Alexander VI, in 1503. He adopted as his heir Francesco Maria della Rovere, his sister's child and nephew of Pope Julius II, thus uniting the seigniory of Senigallia with Urbino. He aided Pope Julius II in reconquering the Romagna.

The court of Urbino was at that time one of the most refined and elegant in Italy. Many men of letters met there. The Italo-English historian Polydore Vergil may have worked in the service of Guidobaldo and Elisabetta as well as Baldassare Castiglione, the author of the book *The Book of the Courtier*, which describes the court of Urbino.

Suffering from gout, Guidobaldo died in Fossombrone at the age of 36, and was succeeded by his nephew.

In 2023, Guidobaldo gained interest on social media when American sports fans noted how he appeared striking similar to NFL quarterback Trevor Lawrence of the Jacksonville Jaguars.

## Notes and references

## Sources

* Rendina, Claudio (1985). *I capitani di ventura*. Rome: Newton Compton. pp. 393–394.
* Pietro Bembo, *Vita dello illustrissimo s. Guidobaldo duca d'Vrbino. E della illustriss. sig. Helisabetta Gonzaga sua consorte*, Firenze, Lorenzo Torrentino 1555
* P. Giovio. *Istorie dei suoi tempi*, Venezia 1570
* F. Ugolini. *Guidobaldo da Montefeltro* in «Imparziale fiorentino», 1857
* Bernardino Baldi, *Della vita e de' fatti di Guidobaldo I da Montefeltro, Duca d'Urbino libri dodici*, Milano, Silvestri 1821
* G. Franceschini. *I Montefeltro*, Milano 1970
* C. H. Clough, A. Conti, *Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, duca di Urbino: fu mai gonfaloniere di Sancta Romana Ecclesia?* in «Studi Montefeltrani», n. 27, San Leo 2006

## InfoBox

| Guidobaldo da Montefeltro | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by Raphael, c. 1507 | |
| Duke of Urbino | |
| 1st Reign | 1482-1502 |
| Predecessor | Federico III da Montefeltro |
| Successor | Cesare Borgia |
| 2nd Reign | 1503–1508 |
| Predecessor | Cesare Borgia |
| Successor | Francesco Maria I della Rovere |
| Born | (1472-01-25)25 January 1472
Gubbio, Duchy of Urbino |
| Died | 10 April 1508(1508-04-10) (aged 36)
Fossombrone, Duchy of Urbino |
| Spouse | Elisabetta Gonzaga |
| House | Montefeltro |
| Father | Federico III da Montefeltro |
| Mother | Battista Sforza |


title: Mäeselja

abstract: Mäeselja is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.

text:
# Mäeselja

**Mäeselja** is a village in Elva Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.

## InfoBox

| Mäeselja | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 58°19′39″N 26°19′32″E / 58.3275°N 26.325555555556°E / 58.3275; 26.325555555556 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Tartu County |
| Parish | Elva Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Vladislav III of Wallachia

abstract: Vladislav III was the nephew of Vladislav II of Wallachia and Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from April 1523 until November of that same year. He regained the throne in June 1524, only to lose it again that September. He regained the throne a final time in April 1525 and ruled until August of the same year.

text:
# Vladislav III of Wallachia

**Vladislav III** (? – 1525) was the nephew of Vladislav II of Wallachia and Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from April 1523 until November of that same year. He regained the throne in June 1524, only to lose it again that September. He regained the throne a final time in April 1525 and ruled until August of the same year.

## InfoBox

| Vladislav III | |
| --- | --- |
| Prince of Wallachia
*(1st reign)* | |
| Reign | April – 8 November 1523 |
| Predecessor | Radu of Afumați |
| Successor | Radu Bădica |
| Prince of Wallachia
*(2nd reign)* | |
| Reign | June – September 1524 |
| Predecessor | Radu of Afumați |
| Successor | Radu of Afumați |
| Prince of Wallachia
*(3rd reign)* | |
| Reign | 19 April – August 1525 |
| Predecessor | Radu of Afumați |
| Successor | Radu of Afumați |
|  | |
| Born | unknown |
| Died | 1525 |
| Issue | Moise of Wallachia |
| Religion | Orthodox |


title: Mysore Race Course

abstract: Mysore Race Course is a racing track in Mysore city of Karnataka province, India.

text:
# Mysore Race Course

**Mysore Race Course** is a racing track in Mysore city of Karnataka province, India.

## History

Mysore Race Course was started in 1891 by the king of Mysore Chamaraja Wadiyar. The original location of the Race Course was near the present J.C.College. In 1920 a new race course was built on a 152-acre (62 ha) land. The races were affiliated to the Royal Calcutta Turf Club. The Bangalore Race Club was formed in 1951 and started to run the Mysore races also. The present race course was leased from the Karnataka government in the year 1977. The new facility of the race course at the foot of the Chamundi hills was built by Krishnaraja Wadiyar in 1906.

## Facilities

There are 250 members in the Mysore Race Club. The racing track is 2,000 meters long and 30 meters wide. The straight is 500 meters.

## The season

The Mysore Derby season is from November to February and again from May to July.

## InfoBox

Mysore Race Course
| Mysore Race Course | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Mysore, India |
| Coordinates | 12°17′49″N 76°41′53″E / 12.29707°N 76.69813°E / 12.29707; 76.69813 |
| Owned by | Mysore Race Club |
| Date opened | 1891 |


title: Vulnerability assessment (computing)

abstract: Vulnerability assessment is a process of defining, identifying and classifying the security holes in information technology systems. An attacker can exploit a vulnerability to violate the security of a system. Some known vulnerabilities are Authentication Vulnerability, Authorization Vulnerability and Input Validation Vulnerability.

text:
# Vulnerability assessment (computing)

**Vulnerability assessment** is a process of defining, identifying and classifying the security holes in information technology systems. An attacker can exploit a vulnerability to violate the security of a system. Some known vulnerabilities are Authentication Vulnerability, Authorization Vulnerability and Input Validation Vulnerability.

## Purpose

Before deploying a system, it first must go through from a series of vulnerability assessments that will ensure that the build system is secure from all the known security risks. When a new vulnerability is discovered, the system administrator can again perform an assessment, discover which modules are vulnerable, and start the patch process. After the fixes are in place, another assessment can be run to verify that the vulnerabilities were actually resolved. This cycle of assess, patch, and re-assess has become the standard method for many organizations to manage their security issues.

The primary purpose of the assessment is to find the vulnerabilities in the system, but the assessment report conveys to stakeholders that the system is secured from these vulnerabilities. If an intruder gained access to a network consisting of vulnerable Web servers, it is safe to assume that he gained access to those systems as well. Because of assessment report, the security administrator will be able to determine how intrusion occurred, identify compromised assets and take appropriate security measures to prevent critical damage to the system.

## Assessment types

Depending on the system a vulnerability assessment can have many types and level.

### Host assessment

A host assessment looks for system-level vulnerabilities such as insecure file permissions, application level bugs, backdoor and Trojan horse installations. It requires specialized tools for the operating system and software packages being used, in addition to administrative access to each system that should be tested. Host assessment is often very costly in term of time, and thus is only used in the assessment of critical systems. Tools like COPS and Tiger are popular in host assessment.

### Network assessment

In a network assessment one assess the network for known vulnerabilities. It locates all systems on a network, determines what network services are in use, and then analyzes those services for potential vulnerabilities. This process does not require any configuration changes on the systems being assessed. Unlike host assessment, network assessment requires little computational cost and effort.

## Vulnerability assessment vs penetration testing

Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing are two different testing methods. They are differentiated on the basis of certain specific parameters.

Vulnerability assessment vs Penetration testing
|  | **Vulnerability Scan** | **Penetration Test** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **How often to run** | Continuously, especially after new equipment is loaded | Once a year |
| **Reports** | Comprehensive baseline of what vulnerabilities exist and changes from the last report | Short and to the point, identifies what data was actually compromised |
| **Metrics** | Lists known software vulnerabilities that may be exploited | Discovers unknown and exploitable exposures to normal business processes |
| **Performed by** | In house staff, increases expertise and knowledge of normal security profile. | Independent outside service |
| **Expense** | Low to moderate: about $1200 / yr + staff time | High: about $10,000 per year outside consultancy |
| **Value** | Detective control, used to detect when equipment is compromised | Preventative control used to reduce exposures |

1. "Category:Vulnerability - OWASP". *www.owasp.org*. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
2. "Vulnerability Assessment" (PDF). *www.scitechconnect.elsevier.com*. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
3. "Penetration Testing vs. Vulnerability Scanning". *www.tns.com*. Retrieved 2016-12-07.


abstract: In conservation biology, susceptibility is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure. It should not be confused with vulnerability, which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure. For example, a plant species may be highly susceptible to a particular plant disease, meaning that exposed populations invariably become extinct or decline heavily. However, that species may not be vulnerable if it occurs only in areas where exposure to the disease is unlikely, or if it occurs over such a wide distribution that exposure of all populations is unlikely. Conversely, a plant species may show low susceptibility to a disease, yet may be considered vulnerable if the disease is present in every population.

text:
# Vulnerability and susceptibility in conservation biology

In conservation biology, **susceptibility** is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure. It should not be confused with **vulnerability**, which takes into account both the effect of exposure *and* the likelihood of exposure.

For example, a plant species may be highly susceptible to a particular plant disease, meaning that exposed populations invariably become extinct or decline heavily. However, that species may not be vulnerable if it occurs only in areas where exposure to the disease is unlikely, or if it occurs over such a wide distribution that exposure of all populations is unlikely. Conversely, a plant species may show low susceptibility to a disease, yet may be considered vulnerable if the disease is present in every population.


title: Guevaria

abstract:
Guevaria is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
  - Species
  - Guevaria alvaroi R.M.King & H.Rob.
  - Guevaria loxensis R.M.King & H.Rob.
  - Guevaria micranthera H.Rob.
  - Guevaria sodiroi R.M.King & H.Rob.
  - Guevaria vargasii (Chung) R.M.King & H.Rob.

text:
# Guevaria

***Guevaria*** is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

## InfoBox

| *Guevaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Eupatorieae |
| Genus: | *Guevaria*
R.M.King & H.Rob. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Piqueria sodiroi*
Hieron. ex Sodiro | |


title: Gueutteville

abstract: Gueutteville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

text:
# Gueutteville

**Gueutteville** (French pronunciation: \[ɡøtvil\]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A very small farming village situated some 15 miles (24 km) north of Rouen, at the junction of the D22, D63 and the D253 roads. The A29 autoroute passes through the southern section of the commune's territory.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 67 |  |
| 1975 | 52 | −3.56% |
| 1982 | 59 | +1.82% |
| 1990 | 67 | +1.60% |
| 1999 | 66 | −0.17% |
| 2007 | 72 | +1.09% |
| 2012 | 81 | +2.38% |
| 2017 | 85 | +0.97% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the thirteenth century.
* An eighteenth-century château.

## InfoBox

| Gueutteville | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Gueutteville | |
| GueuttevilleGueutteville | |
| Coordinates: 49°39′01″N 1°00′20″E / 49.6503°N 1.0056°E / 49.6503; 1.0056 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Seine-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Dieppe |
| Canton | Luneray |
| Intercommunality | CC Terroir de Caux |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Marie-France Beaucamp |
| Area**1** | 2.99 km2 (1.15 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 84 |
| Density | 28/km2 (73/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 76335 /76890 |
| Elevation | 140–174 m (459–571 ft)
(avg. 160 m or 520 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vokesimurex yuhsiuae

abstract: Vokesimurex yuhsiuae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vokesimurex yuhsiuae

***Vokesimurex yuhsiuae*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines and Vanuatu

* Houart, R. (2014). Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesimurex yuhsiuae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vokesimurex yuhsiuae* (paratype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricinae |
| Genus: | *Vokesimurex* |
| Species: | ***V. yuhsiuae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vokesimurex yuhsiuae***<br>(Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945) | |
|


title: Guhuoniao

abstract: The Guhuoniao is a legendary bird from Chinese folklore. It is described in ancient books such as Western Jin natural history book 玄中記, and the Ming period herbology book Bencao Gangmu, and in the Edo Period Japan book Wakan Sansai Zue. They go by various names, such as yexingyounu, tidnadishaonu, and rumuniao, and guiniao. It is said to be a kind of demonic spirit and often takes human lives. It is a monstrous bird that flies at night and harms infants, and its cry sounds like that of an infant. It lives mostly in Jingzhou, China. When it wears its fur, it transforms into a bird, and when it takes off its fur, it takes on the form of a woman. They have a habit of taking other people's children and claiming them as their own, marking them with blood when they find them or their children's clothes dried at night. The marked child is instantly deprived of its soul and develops a disease called wugugan (無辜疳), which is a type of convulsion. They share similarities with the “yuyinu” in the Eastern Jin novel In Search of the Supernatural in the aspect of becoming a bird when she wears hair and a woman when she takes off her hair, and to the nuqi (女岐) of the Chu Ci in the aspect of stealing other people's children, so it is believed that the guhaoniao is a fusion of several Chinese legends. The Tang era Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang notes that guhaoniao are a pregnant woman who died in childbirth and turned into a bird, an idea also purported in the Bencao Gangmu.

text:
# Guhuoniao

The **Guhuoniao** is a legendary bird from Chinese folklore. It is described in ancient books such as Western Jin natural history book 玄中記, and the Ming period herbology book Bencao Gangmu, and in the Edo Period Japan book Wakan Sansai Zue.

They go by various names, such as yexingyounu (夜行遊女, nocturnal roaming woman), tidnadishaonu (天帝少女, celestial woman), and rumuniao (乳母鳥, nanny bird), and guiniao (鬼鳥, "demon bird"). It is said to be a kind of demonic spirit and often takes human lives. It is a monstrous bird that flies at night and harms infants, and its cry sounds like that of an infant. It lives mostly in Jingzhou, China. When it wears its fur, it transforms into a bird, and when it takes off its fur, it takes on the form of a woman.

They have a habit of taking other people's children and claiming them as their own, marking them with blood when they find them or their children's clothes dried at night. The marked child is instantly deprived of its soul and develops a disease called wugugan (無辜疳), which is a type of convulsion.

They share similarities with the “yuyinu” (羽衣女, feather-clad woman) in the Eastern Jin novel In Search of the Supernatural in the aspect of becoming a bird when she wears hair and a woman when she takes off her hair, and to the nuqi (女岐) of the Chu Ci in the aspect of stealing other people's children, so it is believed that the guhaoniao is a fusion of several Chinese legends. The Tang era Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang notes that guhaoniao are a pregnant woman who died in childbirth and turned into a bird, an idea also purported in the Bencao Gangmu.

## Relation to Japanese folklore

In Japan, there is a similar legend in Ibaraki Prefecture, where it is said that when a child's clothes is hung up to dry at night, a yokai called “ubamatori” would consider it to be the yokai's own child's clothes and mark those clothes with milk from the yokai's breasts, which said to be poisonous. This is believed to have originated from the Chinese mother-in-law bird, and it is believed that this comes from an intellectual bringing over information about the Chinese guhaoniao.

In Japan in the early parts of Edo period (which as 1603–1867), the Japanese yokai ubume was equated with the Chinese yaoguai, and the characters 姑獲鳥 would be read as "ubume," and this is believed to be because the ideas about ubume and the guhaoniao were mixed together and as legends pertaining to pregnant mothers.


title: Mónica Bottero

abstract: Mónica Bottero Tovagliare is a Uruguayan journalist, writer and politician from the Independent Party (PI).

text:
# Mónica Bottero

**Mónica Bottero Tovagliare** (born 1964) is a Uruguayan journalist, writer and politician from the Independent Party (PI).

## Career

Bottero has been a journalist since 1982, when she joined the editorial office of *El Día*. She was part of the founding staff of the weekly newspaper *Brecha*, and worked as a parliamentary chronicler and editor of special reports on national politics, as well as a correspondent in Central America. As a journalist for the politics section of *El Día*, she covered the events of the democratic transition in 1985. Years later she moved to Cuba to take a UNESCO course. In 1988, when she returned to Uruguay, she began working at *Búsqueda*, until 2017. From 2010 to 2017 she served as Editor-in-Chief of magazine Gallery of the weekly *Búsqueda*. From 2017 to 2018, she was a panelist on the debate program *Todos las Voces* aired on Channel 4. She has served as a reporter for the Cuban agency *Prensa Latina* and a reference journalist for *The New York Times.*

## Political career

At the beginning of 2019, Bottero joined the Independent Party as head of the communication division. She was officially presented by the party leader, Pablo Mieres, on February 26 in the annex of the Legislative Palace. In June, facing the presidential primaries, she begins as a political leader with an accusatory speech against political outsiders. On July 13, Mieres announced Bottero as his running mate. She declared that she knew and did not want to deny that her place in the formula was due to her gender, stating "I do not want to deny it, much less be ashamed of being a product of the quota".

In the general election, the Mieres-Bottero formula obtained 0.97 percent of the vote. For the second round of the election, the Independent Party supported the Luis Lacalle Pou-Beatriz Argimón formula as part of the *Coalición Multicolor*. After Lacalle Pou's victory, she was appointed director of the National Institute for Women of the Ministry of Social Development.

## Works

* 1988: *Mujeres (veintiséis retratos de uruguayas)*
* 1992: *Montevideo de puño y letra* (Fin de siglo, collaborator)
* 1997: *Mujeres uruguayas I* (colaboradora, ISBN 9974-671-08-6)
* 2001: *Mujeres uruguayas II* (colaboradora)
* 2000: *Grandes entrevistas uruguayas* (collaborator, compiled by César di Candia)
* 2005: *Diosas y brujas* (Fin de Siglo)
* 2006: *Pongámoslo así* (Fin de Siglo)
* 2009: *Madres al límite, cinco historias reales de maternidad uruguaya*

1. "Mónica Bottero". *Editorial Fin de Siglo* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-02.
2. www.lunar.com.uy. "Tuve que salir de la zona de confort a los 50 años, y eso está muy bueno". *www.cala.com.uy* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-02.
3. ""Con Galería el periodismo irrumpió en la vida privada de las personas"". *Revista Galeria de Busqueda en Montevideo Portal* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-02.
4. "Mónica Bottero: "Hacer la gestión pública me fascina" - 02/08/2020 - EL PAÍS Uruguay". 2020-08-07. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
5. Observador, El. "La periodista Mónica Bottero se mete en política con el Partido Independiente". *El Observador*. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
6. "Bottero se estrenó como dirigente y cuestionó a los que prometen lo que la gente quiere escuchar". 2021-01-29. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
7. Grupo 180. "Independientes confirmaron la fórmula Mieres-Bottero". *www.180.com.uy* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-02.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
8. "Mónica Bottero será la vice de Mieres: "Donde el partido decida ponerme yo estoy" - Información - 13/07/2019 - EL PAÍS Uruguay". 2020-08-09. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
9. "ELECCIONES NACIONALES 2019". *eleccionesnacionales.corteelectoral.gub.uy*. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
10. "El Partido Independiente oficializó su apoyo a Lacalle Pou". *subrayado.com.uy* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-02.
11. "Mónica Bottero, Directora Nacional de INMUJERES del MIDES se reunió con el Intendente José Menéndez - Intendencia de Tacuarembó". *tacuarembo.gub.uy* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-02.

## InfoBox

| Mónica Bottero | |
| --- | --- |
| Bottero in 2019. | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mónica Bottero Tovagliare
1964
Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Political party | Independent Party |
| Occupation | * Journalist * civil servant * politician |
|  | |


title: Mystic Mini-Ton

abstract: The Mystic Mini-Ton, also called the Mystic Mini-Ton 21, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Canadian Bruce Kirby as an International Offshore Rule Mini Ton class, Midget Ocean Racing Club (MORC) and club one design racer and first built in 1977.

text:
# Mystic Mini-Ton

The **Mystic Mini-Ton**, also called the **Mystic Mini-Ton 21**, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Canadian Bruce Kirby as an International Offshore Rule Mini Ton class, Midget Ocean Racing Club (MORC) and club one design racer and first built in 1977.

## Production

The design was built by Boat Company of Mystic in Mystic, Connecticut, United States, starting in 1977. Only 12 boats were completed and it is now out of production.

## Design

The Mystic Mini-Ton is a racing keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 1,850 lb (839 kg) and carries 700 lb (318 kg) of ballast.

The boat has a draft of 4.00 ft (1.22 m) with the standard keel.

The boat is normally fitted with a small 3 to 6 hp (2 to 4 kW) outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people. Cabin headroom is 48 in (122 cm).

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 219 and a hull speed of 5.5 kn (10.2 km/h).

## Operational history

The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the *Mini Ton Class*.

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel described the design as, "sleek-looking" and noted that boat "had some racing successes in Long Island Sound in her first year, but for some reason not many units were sold, perhaps because the marketers appeared not to push the boat's possibilities as a pocket cruiser. In fact, neither her ads nor her brochure shows her layout below ... But personally, we think she's very good-looking, and knowing that other Kirby designs are almost always good sailors' boats, we have a warm feeling about this one. Too bad they never really caught on."

## InfoBox

Mystic Mini-Ton
| Development | |
| --- | --- |
| Designer | Bruce Kirby |
| Location | United States |
| Year | 1977 |
| No. built | 12 |
| Builder(s) | Boat Company of Mystic |
| Role | Racer |
| Name | Mystic Mini-Ton |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 1,850 lb (839 kg) |
| Draft | 4.00 ft (1.22 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | monohull |
| Construction | fiberglass |
| LOA | 21.50 ft (6.55 m) |
| LWL | 17.50 ft (5.33 m) |
| Beam | 8.50 ft (2.59 m) |
| Engine type | outboard motor |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 700 lb (318 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | internally-mounted spade-type rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| foretriangle height | 22.10 ft (6.74 m) |
| foretriangle base | 7.40 ft (2.26 m) |
| mainsail luff | 25.50 ft (7.77 m) |
| mainsail foot | 10.30 ft (3.14 m) |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | fractional rigged sloop |
| Mainsail area | 131.30 sq ft (12.198 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 81.77 sq ft (7.597 m2) |
| Total sail area | 213.10 sq ft (19.798 m2) |
| Racing | |
| Class association | MORC |
| PHRF | 219 |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Vokesimurex rectirostris

abstract: Vokesimurex rectirostris, common name : the erect-spined murex, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vokesimurex rectirostris

***Vokesimurex rectirostris***, common name : the **erect-spined murex**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The shell of an adult varies between 33 mm and 80 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species can be found off Southwest Japan and Vietnam and in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.

* Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.
* Houart, R. (2014). Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp.

* Ponder W.F. & Vokes E.H. (1988) A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum suppl.8: 1–160
* "*Haustellum (Vokesimurex) rectirostris*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 18 April 2011.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesimurex rectirostris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Vokesimurex* |
| Species: | ***V. rectirostris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vokesimurex rectirostris***<br>(Sowerby II, 1841) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Haustellum rectirostris* (Sowerby, 1841) * *Murex rectirostris* Sowerby, 1841 (basionym) | |


title: Vokesimurex tricoronis

abstract: Vokesimurex tricoronis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vokesimurex tricoronis

***Vokesimurex tricoronis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The shell attains a length of 54.2 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cedros Island, Mexico.

* Berry S.S. (1960). Notices of new eastern Pacific Mollusca.- IV. Leaflets in Malacology. 1(19): 115-122
* Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.
* Houart, R. (2014). Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesimurex tricoronis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vokesimurex tricoronis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Vokesimurex* |
| Species: | ***V. tricoronis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vokesimurex tricoronis***<br>(Berry, 1960) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Murex (Murex) tricoronis* S. S. Berry, 1960 * *Murex tricoronis* S. S. Berry, 1960 | |


title: Grove Hill, Middlesbrough

abstract: Grove Hill is an area of the Middlesbrough's Longlands and Beechwood ward in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It is a historic part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. The area's main shopping area is off Marton Road at the junction with Marton Burn Road and Belle Vue. The majority of the area was within the civil parish of Marton before the area and Marton itself became unparished areas of the town. Marton Grove Primary School served the area for 83 years before its closure in 2011 and demolition in 2012. They are also shops on the other end of Marton Burn Road, at the roundabout with Eastborne, Valley, Bishopton and York roads. These shops formerly had the Palladium cinema, demolished in 1960. Since the early 2000s, the area was subject to a regeneration scheme which saw many houses demolished. There was also a proposal to rename the area after ant-social behaviour had left the area with a reputation. The council stated that a "...rebranding would help create a place where people want to live".

text:
# Grove Hill, Middlesbrough

**Grove Hill** is an area of the Middlesbrough's Longlands and Beechwood ward in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It is a historic part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. The area's main shopping area is off Marton Road at the junction with Marton Burn Road and Belle Vue.

The majority of the area was within the civil parish of Marton before the area and Marton itself became unparished areas of the town. Marton Grove Primary School served the area for 83 years before its closure in 2011 and demolition in 2012.

They are also shops on the other end of Marton Burn Road, at the roundabout with Eastborne, Valley, Bishopton and York roads. These shops formerly had the Palladium cinema, demolished in 1960.

Since the early 2000s, the area was subject to a regeneration scheme which saw many houses demolished. There was also a proposal to rename the area after ant-social behaviour had left the area with a reputation. The council stated that a "...rebranding would help create a place where people want to live".

## Longlands and Beechwood

Longlands is split by Longlands road between the ward and central ward with shops on said road and Marton Road. Breckon Hill Primary School is also in the area. The northern area was formerly in the Westbourne Ward and became part of the University Ward with Southfield. Beechwood is west of James Cook University Hospital.

## Clairville

With Clairville Stadium's 26 July 1963 opening in the area (by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh) the area's ward became known as Clairville while the area remained known as Grove Hill.

The Clairville ward had a population of 5,346 in the 2011 census. In May 2015, Beechwood and Clairville merged into the Longlands and Beechwood ward.

## Demographics

## InfoBox

| Grove Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| The local shops | |
| Grove HillLocation within North Yorkshire | |
| OS grid reference | NZ504184 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | MIDDLESBROUGH |
| Postcode district | TS4 |
| Dialling code | 01642 |
|  | |
| Police | Cleveland |
| Fire | Cleveland |
| Ambulance | North East |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Vreshtas

abstract: Vreshtas is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Maliq. The population at the 2011 census was 7,513. The municipal unit consists of the villages Vreshtas, Sheqeras, Bregas and Podgorie.

text:
# Vreshtas

**Vreshtas** is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Maliq. The population at the 2011 census was 7,513. The municipal unit consists of the villages Vreshtas, Sheqeras, Bregas and Podgorie.

1. "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). pp. 6372–6373. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
2. "2011 census results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2017-10-01.
3. "Greece – Albania Neighbourhood Programme". Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-03-27.

## InfoBox

| Vreshtas | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal unit | |
| Vreshtas | |
| Coordinates: 40°48′N 20°47′E / 40.800°N 20.783°E / 40.800; 20.783 | |
| Country | Albania |
| County | Korçë |
| Municipality | Maliq |
| Population (2011) | |
| Municipal unit | 7,513 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal Code | 7028 |
| Area Code | (0)866 |


title: Guido Ceronetti

abstract: Guido Ceronetti was an Italian poet, philosopher, novelist, translator, journalist and playwright. In 1970, he founded the Theater of the Sensitive. His works are archived at the Cantonal Library of Lugano. He wrote columns for La Repubblica, La Stampa and Radio Radicale. Emil Cioran dedicated to his book Il silenzio del corpo a chapter of the essay Exercices d'admiration (1986). Ceronetti died in Cetona, Italy, on 13 September 2018 from bronchopneumonia at the age of 91.

text:
# Guido Ceronetti

**Guido Ceronetti** (24 August 1927, in Turin  13 September 2018, in Cetona) was an Italian poet, philosopher, novelist, translator, journalist and playwright.

In 1970, he founded the Theater of the Sensitive. His works are archived at the Cantonal Library of Lugano. He wrote columns for *La Repubblica*, *La Stampa* and *Radio Radicale*.

Emil Cioran dedicated to his book *Il silenzio del corpo* ("The Silence of the Body") a chapter of the essay *Exercices d'admiration* (1986).

Ceronetti died in Cetona, Italy, on 13 September 2018 from bronchopneumonia at the age of 91.

## Works (in Italian)

### Essaying, non-fiction and narrative

* *Difesa della luna e altri argomenti di miseria terrestre*, Rusconi, Milano, 1971.
* *Aquilegia*, illustrazioni di Erica Tedeschi, Rusconi, Milano, 1973; con il titolo *Aquilegia. Favola sommersa*, Einaudi, Torino, 1988.
* *La carta è stanca*, Adelphi, Milano, 1976; II ed., Adelphi, 2000.
* *La musa ulcerosa: scritti vari e inediti*, Rusconi, Milano, 1978.
* *Il silenzio del corpo. Materiali per studio di medicina*, Adelphi, Milano, 1979.
* *La vita apparente*, Adelphi, Milano, 1982.
* *Un viaggio in Italia, 1981–1983*, Einaudi, Torino, 1983; nuova ed. con supplementi, Einaudi, 2004; con appendice di testi inediti e una nuova Prefazione dell'Autore, Einaudi, 2014.
* *Albergo Italia*, Einaudi, Torino, 1985.
* *Briciole di colonna. 1975–1987*, *La Stampa*, Torino, 1987.
* *Pensieri del tè*, Adelphi, Milano, 1987.
* *L'occhiale malinconico*, Adelphi, Milano, 1988.
* *La pazienza dell'arrostito. Giornali e ricordi 1983–1987*, Adelphi, Milano, 1990.
* *D.D. Deliri Disarmati*, Einaudi, Torino, 1993.
* *Tra pensieri*, Adelphi, Milano, 1994.
* *Cara incertezza*, Adelphi, Milano, 1997.
* *Lo scrittore inesistente*, La Stampa, Torino, 1999.
* *Briciole di colonna. Inutilità di scrivere*, La Stampa, Torino, 1999.
* *La fragilità del pensare. Antologia filosofica personale a cura di Emanuela Muratori*, BUR, Milano, 2000.
* *La vera storia di Rosa Vercesi e della sua amica Vittoria*, Einaudi, Torino, 2000.
* *N.U.E.D.D. Nuovi Ultimi Esasperati Deliri Disarmati*, Einaudi, Torino, 2001.
* *Piccolo inferno torinese*, Einaudi, Torino, 2003.
* *Oltre Chiasso. Collaborazioni ai giornali della Svizzera italiana 1988–2001*, Libreria dell'Orso, Pistoia, 2004.
* *La lanterna del filosofo*, Adelphi, Milano, 2005.
* *Centoventuno pensieri del Filosofo Ignoto*, La Finestra editrice, Lavis, 2006.
* *Insetti senza frontiere*, Adelphi, Milano, 2009.
* *In un amore felice. Romanzo in lingua italiana*, Adelphi, Milano, 2011.
* *Ti saluto mio secolo crudele. Mistero e sopravvivenza del XX secolo*, illustrazioni a cura di Guido Ceronetti e Laura Fatini, Einaudi, Torino, 2011.
* *L'occhio del barbagianni*, Adelphi, Milano, 2014.
* *Tragico tascabile*, Adelphi, Milano, 2015.
* *Per le strade della Vergine*, Adelphi, Milano, 2016.
* *Per non dimenticare la memoria*, Adelphi, Milano, 2016.
* *Regie immaginarie*, Einaudi, Torino, 2018.

### Poetry

* *Nuovi salmi. Psalterium primum*, Pacini Mariotti, Pisa, 1955, 1957.
* *La ballata dell'infermiere*, Tallone, Alpignano, 1965.
* *Poesie, frammenti, poesie separate*, Einaudi, Torino, 1968.
* *Poesie: 1968–1977*, Corbo e Fiore, Venezia, 1978.
* *Poesie per vivere e per non vivere*, Einaudi, Torino, 1979.
* *Storia d'amore del 1812 ritrovata nella memoria e altri versi*, illustrazioni di Mimmo Paladino, Castiglioni & Corubolo, Verona, 1987.
* *Compassioni e disperazioni. Tutte le poesie 1946–1986*, Einaudi, Torino, 1987.
* *Disegnare poesia* (con Carlo Cattaneo), San Marco dei Giustiniani, Genova, 1991.
* *Scavi e segnali. Poesie inedite 1986–1992*, Tallone, Alpignano, 1992.
* *La distanza. Poesie 1946–1996*, Edizione riveduta e aggiornata dall'Autore, BUR, Milano, 1996.
* (sotto lo pseudonimo Mehmet Gayuk), *Il gineceo*, Tallone, Alpignano, 1998; Adelphi, Milano, 1998.
* *Messia*, Tallone, Alpignano, 2002; Adelphi, Milano, 2017 \[nella prima parte del libro\].
* *Tre ballate recuperate dalle carte di Lugano: 1965*, Tallone, Alpignano, 2003.
* *Le ballate dell'angelo ferito*, Il Notes magico, Padova, 2009.
* *Poemi del Gineceo*, Adelphi, Milano, 2012 \[riedizione de *Il gineceo* del 1998 con inediti e nuova prefazione\].
* *Sono fragile sparo poesia*, Einaudi, Torino, 2012.

### Theatre

* *Furori e poesia della Rivoluzione francese. 8–18 giugno 1989*, Carte Segrete, Roma, 1984.
* *Mystic Luna Park. Spettacolo per marionette ideofore*, ricordi figurativi di Giosetta Fioroni, Becco Giallo, Oderzo, 1988.
* *Teatro dei sensibili, La rivoluzione sconosciuta. Pensieri in libertà per ricordare 1789. Una scelta di testi a cura di Guido Ceronetti*, Tallone, Alpignano, 1989 \[raccolta di 44 locandine teatrali a fogli sciolti dalla mostra-spettacolo di Dogliani\].
* *Viaggia viaggia, Rimbaud!*, Il melangolo, Genova, 1992.
* *La iena di San Giorgio. Tragedia per marionette*, Einaudi, Torino, 1994.
* *Deliri disarmati. Nella messa in scena di Lorenzo Serveti per l'Associazione nazionale L'Albero*, a cura di L. M. Musati e M. Lucidi, Grin, 1996.
* *Le marionette del Teatro dei Sensibili*, Aragno, Torino, 2004 \[contiene: *I Misteri di Londra* e *Mystic Luna Park*\].
* *Rosa Vercesi*, illustrazioni di Federico Maggioni, Edizioni Corraini, Mantova, 2005.

### Translation to italian

* Martial, *Epigrammi*, Collana I Millenni, Einaudi, Torino, 1964; Nuova edizione con un saggio di G. Ceronetti, Collana Gli struzzi n. 187, Einaudi, 1979; La Finestra Editrice, Lavis, 2007.
* *I Salmi*, Collana I Millenni, Einaudi, Torino, 1967; nuova ed. riveduta, Einaudi, Torino, 1994; col titolo *Il Libro dei Salmi*, Adelphi, Milano, 1985, 2006.
* Catullus, *Le poesie*, Collana I Millenni, Torino, Einaudi, 1969.
* *Qohelet o l'Ecclesiaste*, Einaudi, 1970, 1988, 1997, 2008; *Qohelet. Colui che prende la parola*, Milano, Adelphi, 2002.
* Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis, *Le Satire*, Collana I Millenni, Torino, Einaudi, 1971; La Finestra Editrice, Trento, 2008.
* *Il Libro di Giobbe*, Adelphi, Milano, 1972; nuova ed. riveduta, Adelphi, Milano, 1997.
* *Cantico dei cantici*, Adelphi, Milano, 1975; Alberto Tallone Editore, Alpignano, 2011.
* *Il Libro del Profeta Isaia*, Adelphi, Milano, 1981; nuova ed. riveduta e ampliata, Adelphi, Milano, 1992.
* *Come un talismano. Libro di traduzioni*, Adelphi, Milano, 1986. ISBN 978-88-459-0637-4.
* Costantino Kavafis, *Tombe*, Edizioni dell'Elefante, Roma, 1986.
* Iuvenalis, *Le donne. Satira sesta*, Alberto Tallone Editore, Alpignano, 1987.
* *Nostradamus: annunciatore nel secolo 16. della Rivoluzione che durerà dal 1789 al 1999 / profezie estratte dalle Centurie di Michel de Nostredame*, Alpignano, Alberto Tallone Editore, 1989.
* *Tango delle capinere*, Verona, Castiglioni & Corubolo, 1989.
* *Due versioni inedite da Shakespeare e da Céline*, Pisa, Cursi, 1989.
* Sofocles, *Edipo Tyrannos. Coro 1186–1222*, Roma, Edizioni dell'Elefante, 1990.
* (con Cristina Chaumont) *Sura 99. Al Zalzala (Il tremito della terra) dal Corano*, calligrafia di Mauro Zennaro, Roma, Edizioni dell'Elefante, 1990.
* *Il Pater noster. Matteo 6, 9–13*, calligrafia di Mauro Zennaro, Roma, Edizioni dell'Elefante, 1990.
* *Giorni di Kavafis. 1899–1928. Poesie di Constantinos Kavafis*, Verona, Officina Chimerea, 1995.
* *Messia*, Alpignano, Tallone, 2002; Milano, Adelphi, 2017 \[nella seconda parte del libro\].
* *Siamo fragili, Spariamo poesia. i poeti delle letture pubbliche del Teatro dei Sensibili* , Magnano, Qiqajon, 2003.
* Constantinos Kavafis, *Un'ombra fuggitiva di piacere*, Milano, Adelphi, 2004.
* *Trafitture di tenerezza. Poesia tradotta 1963–2008*, Torino, Einaudi, 2008.
* Horatius, *Odi. Scelte e tradotte da Guido Ceronetti*, Milano, Adelphi, 2018.


title: Grzybowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Grzybowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

text:
# Grzybowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Grzybowo** \[ɡʐɨˈbɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

## Location

It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Kościerzyna and 58 km (36 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

## History

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Grzybowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Trzebiocha river in Grzybowo | |
| Grzybowo | |
| Coordinates: 54°4′35″N 17°54′9″E / 54.07639°N 17.90250°E / 54.07639; 17.90250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Kościerzyna |
| Gmina | Kościerzyna |
| Population | 173 |


title: Mémorial de la France combattante

abstract: The Mémorial de la France combattante is the most important memorial to French fighters of World War II (1939–1945). It is situated below Fort Mont-Valérien in Suresnes, in the western suburbs of Paris. It commemorates members of the armed forces from France and the colonies, and members of the French Resistance. Fifteen representative French fighters were buried here in an elaborate ceremony on 11 November 1945. The present memorial was opened on 18 June 1960. It has a wall in which are set sixteen bronze reliefs that represent in allegorical terms the different phases, places and participants in the struggle. At first the memorial made no reference to the victims who had been executed at the Fort Mont-Valérien, which had been frequently used by German forces to execute resistance fighters and hostages. Later a remembrance path was opened linking the crypt to the nearby clearing where the shootings occurred. The memorial is often the site of ceremonies related to World War II.

text:
# Mémorial de la France combattante

The **Mémorial de la France combattante** (**Memorial to Fighting France**) is the most important memorial to French fighters of World War II (1939–1945). It is situated below Fort Mont-Valérien in Suresnes, in the western suburbs of Paris. It commemorates members of the armed forces from France and the colonies, and members of the French Resistance. Fifteen representative French fighters were buried here in an elaborate ceremony on 11 November 1945. The present memorial was opened on 18 June 1960. It has a wall in which are set sixteen bronze reliefs that represent in allegorical terms the different phases, places and participants in the struggle.

At first the memorial made no reference to the victims who had been executed at the Fort Mont-Valérien, which had been frequently used by German forces to execute resistance fighters and hostages. Later a remembrance path was opened linking the crypt to the nearby clearing where the shootings occurred. The memorial is often the site of ceremonies related to World War II.

## Background

Mont-Valérien was the site of a medieval hermitage and a popular place of pilgrimage from the 17th to 19th centuries. Fort Mont-Valérien was built in the mid-19th century, one of the forts guarding the perimeter of Paris. It is located in Suresnes on top of Mont Valérien. During World War II the Germans used Fort Mont-Valérien as a place where they executed members of the resistance and hostages. The condemned were brought by truck, locked in a disused chapel, then taken to a clearing about 100 metres (330 ft) below where they were shot. The bodies of the *fusillés* were then dispersed in the cemeteries of Paris. More than a thousand victims have been identified.

On 1 November 1944 General Charles de Gaulle paid tribute to the members of the Resistance who had died. He first visited the clearing at Mont-Valérien, then visited Fort Neuf de Vincennes, another location where prisoners were shot in Paris, and finally visited the cemetery of Ivry-sur-Seine, the main place where the victims of shooting in the Ile-de-France were buried. In 1945 de Gaulle decided to make a memorial to World War II at Mont-Valérien. The monument was not to be a tribute to the victims of war, but to honor those who had refused to yield, the war heroes. It was to present the members of the resistance as members of the armed forces, as representatives of the eternal France, and not as factional revolutionaries from marginal groups.

De Gaulle held a ceremony at Fort Mont-Valérien on 18 June 1945 with 200 Companions of the Liberation, honoring those killed during the war. On 11 November 1945 the bodies of 15 fighters were buried at the site in an old casemate that had been converted into a temporary crypt. They include nine combatants, three members of the Resistance and three deportees. In the ceremony General de Gaulle was preceded by torchbearers when he came into the fort. Accompanied by Admiral Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu he entered the casemate where the victims had awaited execution, then lit the eternal flame outside, the symbol of the Resistance. The inauguration ceremony and the original monument made no reference to the *fusillés* who had been executed at Mont-Valérien during the war.

## Construction

When he again became President of the French Republic after the May 1958 crisis in Algeria, General de Gaulle decided to create a memorial to Fighting France. Félix Brunau, inspector general of public buildings and palaces, was charged with the task by presidential decree of 24 November 1958. The intent was to represent different aspects of the fight, including the phases of the war, the locations where fighting occurred and the branches of the armed forces and the resistance that were involved.

The monument was erected against the southeast wall of the fort, near the clearing of the *Fusillés*, facing an esplanade covering over 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft). The esplanade has been named the *Place Abbé Franz Stock*. Franz Stock cared for the condemned prisoners while they were held in the fort, and recorded many of the executions in his diary.

On 2 November 1959 a ceremony was held in which a sandstone slab was laid in the center of the clearing dedicated to those who had been shot. During the night of 17 June 1960 the coffins of sixteen fighters were transferred from the old casemate to the crypt in the new monument, each coffin accompanied by six torch bearers. An empty tomb was reserved for the last Companion of the Liberation. The next day President de Gaulle formally inaugurated the memorial.

The monument consists of a wall of pink sandstone from the Vosges 150 metres (490 ft) long, on which are mounted sixteen bronze hauts-reliefs depicting, in allegorical form, different types of heroic combat. A Cross of Lorraine 12 metres (39 ft) high stands in the center, in front of which the permanent flame of the resistance burns on a bronze structure. The cross is essentially a Gaullist symbol. There are two bronze doors under the cross. One leads to the burial crypt, carved into the rock. The other gives access to the stairway that leads to the remembrance path. At the base of the Cross of Lorraine an inscription gives part of de Gaulle's speech of 18 June 1940: "*Quoiqu'il arrive la flamme de la résistance ne s'éteindre pas*" ("Whatever happens, the flame of the resistance will not be extinguished.")

Raymond Triboulet, Minister of Veterans Affairs inaugurated the remembrance path in 1962. It retraces the path of the *fusillés* from the chapel, where the execution poles are kept, to the clearing. The pathway to the clearing, which has important symbolism to the communists, attempted to reconcile the very different political views of Gaullists and Communists. On 3 March 1998 a commission was established to pay tribute to the *fusillés* at Mont Valérien. On 20 September 2003 Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin inaugurated a monument to the memory of the *fusillés*, bearing the names of those members of the resistance and hostages who have been identified. The monument is the work of the sculptor Pascal Convert, and has the form of a bronze bell. There is a museum that presents the history of the memorial in the room next to the crypt. The memorial and the esplanade continue to be used for many ceremonies.

## Crypt

The cenotaphs in the crypt are arranged in an arc and covered with the tricolor, surrounding the urn containing the ashes of unknown deportees.

On the tympanum of the nave there is the sentence: "We are here to testify before history that from 1939 to 1945 her sons fought for France to live free."

The urn is embellished with a metal sculpture representing a flame.

Henri Frenay was charged in 1945 with organizing the ceremony and selecting those to be buried to represent a broad spectrum of those engaged in the struggle. The fifteen included casualties in Italy and Egypt, members of the marine and the airforce, colonial troops from Morocco, Tunisia and Senegal, and the deported resistance fighters Renée Levy and Raymond Bigosse. Levy may have been chosen as a gesture to the sufferings of the Jewish people in France during the war, but was primarily chosen to represent the Resistance. Levy, the granddaughter of the former Chief Rabbi Alfred Lévy, was chosen at the insistence of Adolphe Caen. To the Jews the ceremony of 11 November 1945 symbolized that after their rejection during the Vichy era they had now been re-accepted as members of the French community.

A sixteenth body was added on 9 March 1952 in vault 2 to commemorate victims of the fighting in the Far East.

On 26 April 1954 an urn was deposited in the vault holding ashes taken from concentration camps.

Vault 9 was originally left empty and reserved for the last living Companion of the Liberation. Upon the death of the second before last in November 2020, it became Hubert Germain, who died in October 2021 aged 101; he was buried there on 11 November 2021 (Remembrance Day).

The tombs contain:

| Recess | Occupant | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| #1 | Boutie Diasso Kal (1919-1940) | Soldier from Senegal |
| #2 | Edmond Grethen (1898-1945) | Inspector from Indo China. *(Body added in 1952.)* |
| #3 | Raymond Anne (1922-1944) | Member of French Resistance |
| #4 | Maboulkede (1921-1944) | Soldier of the Free French Army |
| #5 | Berty Albrecht (1893-1943) | Member of the resistance who committed suicide after torture in Fresnes prison |
| #6 | Maurice Debout (1914-1944) | Prisoner of war |
| #7 | Pierre Ulmer (1916-1940) | Soldier of 1940 |
| #8 | Georges Brière (1922-1944) | Sailor from the Marines |
| #9 | Hubert Germain (1920-2021) | Last living Compagnon de la Libération. *(Vault left empty until his death.)* |
| #10 | Alfred Touny (1886-1944) | Member of the Resistance |
| #11 | Jean Charrier (1920-1944) | Infantry soldier |
| #12 | Allal Ould M'Hamed Ben Semers (1920-1944) | Soldier from Morocco |
| #13 | Mohamed Amar Hedhili Ben Salem Ben Hadj (1913-1940) | Soldier from Tunisia |
| #14 | Henri Arnaud (1907-1944) | French Air Force |
| #15 | Maurice Duport (1919-1944) | 22nd North African Battalion |
| #16 | Antonin Mourgues (1919-1942) | Marine from France's Pacific possessions |
| #17 | Renée Lévy (1919-1942) | Member of the Resistance |

## Sculptures

The 16 sculptures, each by different sculptors, are arranged in groups of 8 on each side of the Cross of Lorraine.

They are:

| Sculpture | Sculptor | Commemorates |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Alsace" | Joseph Rivière | Liberation of Alsace from November 1944 to February 1945 |
| "Casabianca" | Georges Saupique | Escape of the submarine *Casabianca* from Toulon on 27 November 1942 |
| "Paris" | Marcel Damboise | Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944. |
| "Maquis" | Raymond Corbin | Actions of the "maquisards". |
| "Alençon" | René Leleu | Normandy Landing, action of Leclerc's 2nd Division, liberation of Alençon on 11 August 1944. |
| "Saumur" | Pierre Duroux | The fighting in Saumur from 19–21 June 1940, part of the "Battle of France." |
| "Déportation" | Henri Lagriffoul | Deportees to concentration and extermination camps. |
| "FAFL" | Claude Grange | Forces of the Free French Airforce |
| "Action" | Alfred Janniot | General de Gaulle's speech of 18 June when he refuses an armistice. |
| "Fezzan" | André Bizette-Lindet | General Leclerc's taking of the Koufra oasis and conquering of Fezzan. |
| "Fusillés" | Maurice Calka. | Members of the Resistance and hostages, French and foreigners, shot between 1940 and 1944. |
| "Cassino" | Ulysse Gemignani | Contribution of General Juin and his forces to the taking of Monte Cassino. |
| "Bir Hakeim" | Raymond Martin. | Action of the 1st Brigade Free French Army defending Bir Hakeim in Libya from 27 May to 10 June 1942. |
| "Narvik" | Robert Juvin | The French Expeditionary Force's action in Norway. |
| "Sienne" | René Andrei. | Liberation of Sienna on 3 July 1944. |
| "Rhin" | Louis Dideron | French Army's repulse of the German offensive at Strasbourg and the freeing of the Rhine. |

1. Le Mont-Valérien, Haut lieu de la mémoire nationale.
2. Le Mont Valérien, Ordre de la Libération.
3. Golsan 2012, p. 121.
4. Golsan 2012, p. 122.
5. Le Mémorial de la France combattante ... Mont-Valérien.
6. Field, Grehan & Mace 2012, p. 127.
7. Amsellem 2007, p. 70.
8. Henri Frenay, Éditions Larousse.
9. Clifford 2013, p. 49.
10. Rosenfeld 1997, p. 275.
11. Brioulet, Cyril (2020-11-22). "Qui est Hubert Germain, le dernier survivant des compagnons de la Libération ?". *La Dépêche du Midi*. ISSN 0181-7981. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
12. "Mort d'Hubert Germain : une cérémonie aux Invalides vendredi puis le 11 novembre à l'Arc de Triomphe avant l'inhumation au Mont Valérien". *LCI*. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
13. Les seize morts pour la France ... Le Mont-Valérien.
14. Les seize hauts reliefs, Le Mont-Valérien.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Mémorial de la France combattante
| Cross of Lorraine at the entrance to the crypt (September 2006) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 48°52′18″N 2°12′50″E / 48.8716°N 2.2139°E / 48.8716; 2.2139 | |
| Location | Fort Mont-Valérien, Suresnes |
| Designer | Félix Brunau |
| Type | War memorial |
| Material | Stone |
| Length | 100 metres (330 ft) |
| Height | 12 metres (39 ft) |
| Beginning date | 11 November 1945 |
| Completion date | 18 June 1960 |
| Dedicated to | French World War II fighters |


title: Guillaume de Montfort

abstract:
Guillaume de Montfort may refer to:
  - Guillaume de Montfort of Hainaut, first lord of Montfort l'Amaury
  - Guillaume de Montfort
  - Guillaume de Montfort

text:
# Guillaume de Montfort

**Guillaume de Montfort** may refer to:

| Montfort l'Amaury family tree |
| --- |
| Guillaume de Montfort
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury   Amaury I de Montfort
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury   Simon I de Montfort
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury  Mainier de Montfort
Lord of Épernon  Eva de Montfort
*m.* William de Crispin   *m. (1)* Isabel dau. of
Hugh Bardoul of Broyes  *m. (2)* Agnes dau. of
Richard, Count of Évreux   Amaury II de Montfort
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury  Isabel of Conches
*m.* Raoul II of Tosny   Richard de Montfort
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury   Amaury I of Évreux
(Amaury III de Montfort)
Count of Évreux, Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury   Adeliza de Montfort   Bertrade de Montfort
*m. (1)* Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
*m. (2)* Philip I, King of France  Simon II de Montfort
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury   Guillaume de Montfort
(Bishop of Paris)   Amaury II of Évreux
(Amaury IV de Montfort)
Count of Évreux    Simon III de Montfort
Count of Évreux, Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury      Agnes de Montfort
*m.* Waleran de Beaumont,
1st Earl of Worcester   Amaury III of Évreux
(Amaury V de Montfort)
Count of Évreux    Simon de Montfort †1188
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury
*m.* Amicia dau. of Robert de Beaumont,
3rd Earl of Leicester      Bertrade de Montfort
*m.* Hugh of Cyfeiliog,
5th Earl of Chester   Amaury IV of Évreux
(Amaury VI de Montfort)
Count of Évreux, Earl of Gloucester    Simon de Montfort,
5th Earl of Leicester
(crusader)
*m.* Alix de Montmorency  Guy de Montfort,
Lord of Sidon  Petronilla de Montfort
*m.* Barthélemy de Roye   Philippe I, Lord of Tyre   Philippe II, Lord of Castres   Amaury de Montfort
Count of Montfort l'Amaury  Simon de Montfort,
6th Earl of Leicester
(leader in the Barons' War)
*m.* Eleanor dau. of King John  Guy de Montfort,
Count of Bigorre   Henry de Montfort   Amaury de Montfort
(priest)   Joanna de Montfort   Eleanor de Montfort
*m.* Llywelyn ap Gruffudd   Simon de Montfort the Younger  Guy de Montfort,
Count of Nola  Richard de Montfort   *Disambiguation pages: Amaury de Montfort · Guillaume de Montfort · Guy de Montfort · Jean de Montfort · Philippe de Montfort · Simon de Montfort* |


title: Guillaume de Nangis

abstract: Guillaume de Nangis, also known as William of Nangis, was a French chronicler. William was a monk in the Abbey of St.-Denis to the north of Paris. About 1285 he was placed in charge of the abbey library as custos cartarum, and he died in June or July 1300. Having doubtless done some work on the Latin manuscripts on which the Grandes Chroniques de France are based, William wrote a long Chronicon, dealing with the history of the world from the creation until 1300. For the period before 1113 this work merely repeats that of Sigebert of Gembloux and others; but after this date it contains some new and valuable material. The chronicle had later continuations by other authors, though the so-called "second continuation", by Jean de Venette, which takes events up to 1368, was not a continuation of the Chronicon but rather an independent chronicle that happened to be bound into the same manuscript as the Nangis chronicle. William's other writings are: Gesta Ludovici IX; Gesta Philippi III, sive Audacis; Chronicon abbreviatum regum Francorum; and a French translation of the same work written for the laity. Making use of the large store of manuscripts at Saint Denis, William was a compiler rather than an author, and with the exception of the latter part of the Chronicon his writings do not add materially to our knowledge of the time. In his Gesta Ludovici IX he included a letter from Sempad the Constable to Henry I of Cyprus. Among his major sources for the reign of Louis IX was the lost Latin chronicle of Primat of Saint-Denis. Both his chronicles, however, became very popular and found several continuators, Jean de Joinville being among those who made use of the Chronicon. This work from 1113 to 1300, with continuations to 1368, has been edited by H. Géraud for the Société de l'histoire de France, and practically all William's writings are found in the twentieth volume of Martin Bouquet's Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. A French translation of the Chronicon is in Guizot's Collection des mémoires relatifs à l'histoire de France. The World Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis: A Manuscript’s Journey from Saint-Denis to St. Pancras is the life story of the manuscript codex copied in France, traveling to different cities and finally located at the British library.

text:
# Guillaume de Nangis

**Guillaume de Nangis** (died 1300), also known as **William of Nangis**, was a French chronicler.

William was a monk in the Abbey of St.-Denis to the north of Paris. About 1285 he was placed in charge of the abbey library as *custos cartarum*, and he died in June or July 1300. Having doubtless done some work on the Latin manuscripts on which the *Grandes Chroniques de France* are based, William wrote a long *Chronicon*, dealing with the history of the world from the creation until 1300. For the period before 1113 this work merely repeats that of Sigebert of Gembloux and others; but after this date it contains some new and valuable material. The chronicle had later continuations by other authors, though the so-called "second continuation", by Jean de Venette, which takes events up to 1368, was not a continuation of the *Chronicon* but rather an independent chronicle that happened to be bound into the same manuscript as the Nangis chronicle.

William's other writings are: *Gesta Ludovici IX*; *Gesta Philippi III, sive Audacis*; *Chronicon abbreviatum regum Francorum*; and a French translation of the same work written for the laity. Making use of the large store of manuscripts at Saint Denis, William was a compiler rather than an author, and with the exception of the latter part of the *Chronicon* his writings do not add materially to our knowledge of the time. In his *Gesta Ludovici IX* he included a letter from Sempad the Constable to Henry I of Cyprus. Among his major sources for the reign of Louis IX was the lost Latin chronicle of Primat of Saint-Denis.

Both his chronicles, however, became very popular and found several continuators, Jean de Joinville being among those who made use of the *Chronicon*. This work from 1113 to 1300, with continuations to 1368, has been edited by H. Géraud for the *Société de l'histoire de France* (Paris, 1843), and practically all William's writings are found in the twentieth volume of Martin Bouquet's *Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France* (Paris, 1738–1876). A French translation of the *Chronicon* is in Guizot's *Collection des mémoires relatifs à l'histoire de France* (Paris, 1823–1835).

*The World Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis: A Manuscript’s Journey from Saint-Denis to St. Pancras* is the life story of the manuscript codex copied in France, traveling to different cities and finally located at the British library.


title: Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon

abstract: Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon was an Indian poet of Malayalam literature. Known for his works such as Kudiyozhikkal, Kannikkoythu and Mambazham, Menon was the founder president of the Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham, an organisation of Kerala-based artists, writers and art and literature enthusiasts. He was a recipient of several honours including Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry, Vayalar Award and Odakkuzhal Award.

text:
# Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon

**Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon** (11 May 1911 – 22 December 1985) (also written as **Vailoppilli**) was an Indian poet of Malayalam literature. Known for his works such as *Kudiyozhikkal*, *Kannikkoythu* and *Mambazham*, Menon was the founder president of the Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham, an organisation of Kerala-based artists, writers and art and literature enthusiasts. He was a recipient of several honours including Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry, Vayalar Award and Odakkuzhal Award.

## Life and career

**Vyloppilli** Sreedhara Menon was born on May 11, 1911, in Kaloor in Ernakulam to Cheranellore Kochukuttan Kartha and Nanikutty Amma. Starting his early education with a local *Asan* (teacher), Menon did his formal education initially at the Government Primary School, Kaloor and later at St. Albert's High School, Ernakulam from where he completed the high school education in 1927. Subsequently, he graduated in Science from Maharaja's College, Ernakulam. He continued his education to pass BT degree from Saidapet Training College, Madras and started his career as a teacher in government service in 1931 at Kandassamkadavu Government High School. His teaching career took him to 20 different schools in Kerala until his retirement from service in 1966 as the head master of Ollur High School, the present day Vailoppilli Sreedhara Menon Memorial Government Vocational Higher Secondary School. He was involved with literary organisations such as Kerala Sahitya Akademi and Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society; he was a member of the organising committee of the former and the board of directors of the latter. He also served as the editor of the official magazine of the Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad. When Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham, a forum of progressive writers led by leftist intellectuals and artists, was formed in 1981, he was selected as its founder president and he held the position until 1985. He represented Kerala thrice at the national poets' meetings of 1951 (Delhi), 1959 (Delhi) and 1965 (Bangalore) and toured the Soviet Union in 1970.

Menon married Bhanumathi Amma, a school teacher, in 1955. They had two sons, Sreekumar, an ayurvedic physician and Vijayakumar, a homoeopathic doctor. However, the couple had differences between themselves and were staying separately when he died on December 22, 1985, succumbing to brain haemorrhage. Bhanumathi Amma died on June 26, 2018.

## Legacy

Menon started writing under the pen name *Sree* and his first poetry anthology, *Kannikkoythu* (The Maiden Harvest) was published in 1947; Kuttikrishna Marar opined that the poems signify a strong sprouting of Malayalam poetry that deviated from the romantic tradition prevalent during those times. He is considered by literary historians as one of the major voices in Malayalam poetry who marked the transition from the Romantic to the modern era. A scientific insight into the historical roots of social evolution and a deeper understanding of the psychological undercurrents of the human mind characterise his poetry. His mastery of the medium is evident in all his poems both lyrical and narrative.

Menon published around 20 books, composed of poems, plays and biographies. Many critics consider the long poem *Kudiyozhikkal* (Eviction of the tenant) as his magnum opus. M. Leelavathy wrote that *the poem is a ruthless self-examination of a middle class land owner who realises that the future belongs not to himself but to his poor tenant whom he despises at heart*. The poem has been translated into English by P. K. N. Panicker and is included in the book, *Selected Poems of Valoppilli Sreedhara Menon*.ISBN 978-93-5207-076-3 *Vida*, *Kannikkoythu*, *Makarakoythu* and *Kaipavallari* are among his other major works, all of which have won awards. *Kanneerpadam*, a poem he wrote soon after his separation from his wife, is reported to be autobiographical. *Sahyante Makan*, a Malayalam film released in 1982, is based on a poem of the same name written by Menon. One of his poems titled, *Madathakkili*, was used as a song in the movie, Vajrram.

## Awards and honours

Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon received the Soviet Land Nehru Award in 1964, the same year as the Kerala Sahitya Akademi awarded him their annual award for poetry for his anthology, *Kaipavallari*. He received the Odakkuzhal Award in 1971 for *Vida* and the anthology was awarded the Kendra Sahithya Academy Award, the same year. His work, *Makarakoythu*, was selected for the Vayalar Award in 1981. He was also a recipient of the Madras State Government Award, Kalyani Krishna Menon Prize and M. P. Paul Prize. An annual literary award, *Vyloppilli Poetry Award*, has been instituted in his honour. The Department of Cultural Affairs of the Government of Kerala have built a multi-purpose cultural complex housing an open air auditorium, art gallery and museum block in Nanthancode, Thiruvananthapuram and the complex has been named *Vailoppilly Samskrithi Bhavan* in honour of the poet. The museum block also holds the personal belongings of Menon. Another institution that holds Menon's name is Government Vocational Higher Secondary School, Ollur, the institution where he served as the head master at the time of his retirement which is known as Vailoppilli Sreedhara Menon Memorial Government Vocational Higher Secondary School.

## Works

### Poems

* Sreedhara Menon, Vailoppilli (2013). *Vailoppilli: sampoorna krithikal*. Thrissur: Current books. ISBN 9788122611335. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon (1952). *Kudiyozhikkal* (in Malayalam). Current Books. ISBN 9788122611168.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. *Vyloppilliyude Balakavithakal*. Mambazham. ISBN 9788126422654.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon (2017). *Aprakasitha Rachanakal*. DC Books. ISBN 9789386560582.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon (January 2007). *Anthi Chayunnu*. Current Books. ISBN 9788122606010.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon (January 2007). *Makarakoythu*. Current Books. ISBN 9788122606737.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. *Kaipavallari*. Current Books. ISBN 9788122606027.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon (2007). *Kanneerpadavum Mattu Pradhaana Kavithakalum*. DC Books. ISBN 9788126416332.
* Sreedhara Menon, Vailoppilli (2006). *Kannikoythu* (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Current Books. ISBN 9788122605471.
* Sreedhara Menon, Vailoppilli. *Vitthum kaikkottum: kavithakal*. Kottayam: National Books.
* Sreedhara Menon, Vailoppilli (1991). *Charithrathile charu drishyam* (2nd ed.). Thrissur: Vailoppilly smaraka samithi.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. *Vida* (in Malayalam). DC Books.
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. (in Malayalam). Current Books. ISBN 9788122609837. `{{cite book}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
* Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. (in Malayalam). Current Books. ISBN 8122605117. `{{cite book}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)

* *Sreerekha*
* *Onappatukar*
* *Kuruvikal*
* *Minnaminni*
* *Pachakkuthira*
* *Mukulamala*
* *Krishnamrigangal*
* *Mambazham*
* *Yugaparivarthanam*

### Plays

* *Risyasringanum Alexandarum* (Play)

### Short stories

* Himavante Puthrikal

### Autobiography

## Books and articles on Vyloppilli

## InfoBox

| Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon | |
| --- | --- |
| വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി ശ്രീധരമേനോൻ | |
| Born | (1911-05-11)11 May 1911
Kaloor, Cochin |
| Died | 22 December 1985(1985-12-22) (aged 74) |
| Pen name | Vyloppilli |
| Occupation | poet writer |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Genre | Poetry |
| Notable works | * *Kudiyozhikkal* * *Kannikkoythu* * *Mambazham* * *Makarakoythu* * *Kaipavallari* * *Vida* |
| Notable awards |  |
| Spouse | Bhanumathi Amma |
| Relatives | Thripunithara Kochukuttan Kartha (Father) Nanikuttiyamma (Mother)
Bhanumathiyamma (Wife) |


title: Myomere

abstract: Myomeres are blocks of skeletal muscle tissue arranged in sequence, commonly found in aquatic chordates. Myomeres are separated from adjacent myomeres by connective fascia (myosepta) and most easily seen in larval fishes or in the olm. Myomere counts are sometimes used for identifying specimens, since their number corresponds to the number of vertebrae in the adults. Location varies, with some species containing these only near the tails, while some have them located near the scapular or pelvic girdles. Depending on the species, myomeres could be arranged in an epaxial or hypaxial manner. Hypaxial refers to ventral muscles and related structures while epaxial refers to more dorsal muscles. The horizontal septum divides these two regions in vertebrates from cyclostomes to gnathostomes. In terrestrial chordates, the myomeres become fused as well as indistinct, due to the disappearance of myosepta.

text:
# Myomere

**Myomeres** are blocks of skeletal muscle tissue arranged in sequence, commonly found in aquatic chordates. Myomeres are separated from adjacent myomeres by connective fascia (myosepta) and most easily seen in larval fishes or in the olm. Myomere counts are sometimes used for identifying specimens, since their number corresponds to the number of vertebrae in the adults. Location varies, with some species containing these only near the tails, while some have them located near the scapular or pelvic girdles. Depending on the species, myomeres could be arranged in an epaxial or hypaxial manner. Hypaxial refers to ventral muscles and related structures while epaxial refers to more dorsal muscles. The horizontal septum divides these two regions in vertebrates from cyclostomes to gnathostomes. In terrestrial chordates, the myomeres become fused as well as indistinct, due to the disappearance of myosepta.

## Shape

The shape of myomeres varies by species. Myomeres are commonly zig-zag, "V" (lancelets), "W" (fishes), or straight (tetrapods)– shaped muscle fibers. Generally, cyclostome myomeres are arranged in vertical strips while those of jawed fishes are folded in a complex matter due to swimming capability evolution. Specifically, myomeres of elasmobranchs and eels are W-shaped. Contrastingly, myomeres of tetrapods run vertically and do not display complex folding. Another species with simply-lain myomeres are mudpuppies. Myomeres overlap each other in succession, meaning myomere activation also allows neighboring myomeres to activate.

Myomeres are made up of myoglobin-rich dark muscle as well as white muscle. Dark muscle, generally, functions as slow-twitch muscle fibers while white muscle is composed of fast-twitch fibers.

## Function

Specifically, three types of myomeres in fish-like chordates include amphioxine (lancelet), cyclostomine (jawless fish), and gnathostomine (jawed fish). A common function shared by all of these is that they function to flex the body laterally into concavity to provide force for locomotion.

Since myomeres are composed of multinucleated myofibers (contractile cells), force can be generated via muscle contraction that gets transmitted by the intricate connective tissue (myosepta) network.

### Function in fishes

The folded shape of each myomere as V- or W-shaped extends over various axial segments, allowing fibers control over a large amount of the body. Specifically, myomeres are overlapping cones bound by connective tissue. Myomeres compose most of the lateral musculature and provide propulsive force to travel along the line of travel. In this sense, they cause flexion to either side in order to produce locomotor force. Myomeres attach to centra of vertebrae, and neural and haemal spines.

Further, myomeres of fish are divided by a horizontal septum into dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) sections as mentioned in previous paragraphs. Further, spinal nerves pass into each myomere.

There are different variations of myomere activation depending on the type of swimming or movement. For example, high loading situations such as fast-starts and turning require almost maximal myomere activation in teleost fish. Further, if swim speeds are lower and movement is in one plane, there is less activation of myomeres. Further, research has discovered that fish are able to spatially restrict axial myomeres during different swimming behaviors.

Some research theorizes that myomeres play additional roles in for the fish beyond force generation for swimming. For example, this microdissection and polarized light microscopy research suggests that anterior myomeres have elongated and reinforced dorsal posterior cones that allow epaxial muscle force to be transmitted to the neurocranium for elevation during suction feeding.

## Specific taxa

### Fossils

Published information on *Pikaia gracilens* (a well-known Cambrian era fossil) explains evolution of swimming ability in chordates related to myomere shape and function. Specifically, myomeres in this species possessed minimal overlap between successive ones and myosepta dividing them were gently curved. In a biomechanical evaluation, it is presumed that *Pikaia* were not capable of rapid swimming like in living chordates. Several theories for this idea include lacking fast-twitch muscle fibers, ancestral muscle fiber types more like modern slow-twitch fibers, and less tension on myosepta due to less overlap between successive myomeres.

### Larval fish and *Amphioxus*

Larval fish and amphioxus myomeres are V-shaped. They are involved in the specialized notochord of amphioxus. There are muscle cells within myomeres that send, and synapse cytoplasmic extensions of muscle cells with contractile fibrils to the nerve cord surface.

In amphioxus, myomeres run longitudinally along the length of the body in a "V"-shape. As sequential contraction for swimming occurs, force from the myomeres is transmitted via connective tissues to the notochord.

### Zebrafish

The tail-bending maneuver generated by myomeres in zebrafish requires innervation from motor neurons for both the hypaxial and epaxial muscle regions. It has been found that timing/intensity of neurons firing in these two regions varies, respectively. This process is mediated by a circuit that controls motor neuron activation during swimming behaviors, which, in turn, affects force generation. Similar to this idea, one study found that hypaxial and epaxial myomere activation did not always correlate with myomeric fibers closer to the horizontal septum itself.

### Tetrapods

Myomeres run vertically and do not undergo folding like in bony fishes. Further, in higher order vertebrates, myomeres are fused and run longitudinally. Myosepta that divides myomeres are completely obsolete in amniotes.

Myomeres also play a role in swimming in adult newts. Specifically, epaxial myomeres located opposite to each other at the same longitudinal site alternate rhythmic contraction. During stepping on the ground, the myomeres of the mid-trunk undergo bursts of contraction that are synchronized in contrast to double bursting patterns (in opposite directions) expressed in the anterior and posterior trunks.

In salamanders, hypaxial muscles, myomeres, and myosepta run in a straight line mid-laterally to mid-ventrally. Specifically, the orientation of collagen fibers within these myomeres runs mediolateral. It is also theorized that, in salamanders, myosepta increase the amplification of strain of angled muscle fibers. This controls how myomeres bulge during contraction in what is called the 'bulge control hypothesis'.

### Eels

Eel myomeres are W-shaped and cover the entire body. Within these is a mucosal-like matrix that is a-cellular. Superficial to these myomeres is an epithelial layer.

### Mudpuppy

Salamanders in the genus *Necturus* (mudpuppies) are a salamander species with simply-lain myomeres, unlike the complex nature of bony fishes.

### Chondrichthyes

The myomeres of some Chondrichthyes, specifically sharks, are W-shaped. Thus, function in Chondrichthyes is similar to that of bony fish, where myomeres contribute to propulsive force for locomotion.

### Leptocephali

Leptocephalus myomeres are W-shaped and extend from head all the way to the tail. Distinguishing eels can be done through evaluation of the number of myomeres (European has 112-119 while American has 103–11).


title: Myometrium

abstract: The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions.

text:
# Myometrium

The **myometrium** is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of **uterine smooth muscle** cells (also called **uterine myocytes**) but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions.

## Structure

The myometrium is located between the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall) and the serosa or perimetrium (the outer uterine layer).

The inner one-third of the myometrium (termed the *junctional* or *sub-endometrial* layer) appears to be derived from the Müllerian duct, while the outer, more predominant layer of the myometrium appears to originate from non-Müllerian tissue and is the major contractile tissue during parturition and abortion. The junctional layer appears to function like a circular muscle layer, capable of peristaltic and anti-peristaltic activity, equivalent to the muscular layer of the intestines.

### Muscular structure

The molecular structure of the smooth muscle of myometrium is very similar to that of smooth muscle in other sites of the body, with myosin and actin being the predominant proteins. In uterine smooth muscle, there is approximately 6-fold more actin than myosin. A shift in the myosin expression of the uterine smooth muscle may be responsible for changes in the directions of uterine contractions during the menstrual cycle.

## Function

### Contraction

The myometrium stretches (the smooth muscle cells expand in both size and number) during pregnancy to allow for the uterus to become several times its non-gravid size, and contracts in a coordinated fashion, via a positive feedback effect on the "Ferguson reflex", during the process of labor. After delivery, the myometrium contracts to expel the placenta, and crisscrossing fibres of middle layer compress the blood vessels to minimize blood loss. A positive benefit to early breastfeeding is a stimulation of this reflex to reduce further blood loss and facilitate a swift return to prepregnancy uterine and abdominal muscle tone.

Uterine smooth muscle has a phasic pattern, shifting between a contractile pattern and maintenance of a resting tone with discrete, intermittent contractions of varying frequency, amplitude and duration.

As noted for the macrostructure of uterine smooth muscle, the junctional layer appears to be capable of both peristaltic and anti-peristaltic activity.

#### Resting state

The resting membrane potential (Vrest) of uterine smooth muscle has been recorded to be between -35 and -80 mV. As with the resting membrane potential of other cell types, it is maintained by a Na+/K+ pump that causes a higher concentration of Na+ ions in the extracellular space than in the intracellular space, and a higher concentration of K+ ions in the intracellular space than in the extracellular space. Subsequently, having K+ channels open to a higher degree than Na+ channels results in an overall efflux of positive ions, resulting in a negative potential.

This resting potential undergoes rhythmic oscillations, which have been termed *slow waves*, and reflect intrinsic activity of slow wave potentials. These slow waves are caused by changes in the distribution of Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Cl ions between the intracellular and extracellular spaces, which, in turn, reflects the permeability of the plasma membrane to each of those ions. K+ is the major ion responsible for such changes in ion flux, reflecting changes in various K+ channels.

#### Excitation-contraction

The excitation-contraction coupling of uterine smooth muscle is also very similar to that of other smooth muscle in general, with intracellular increase in calcium (Ca2+) leading to contraction.

#### Restoration to resting state

Removal of Ca2+ after contraction induces relaxation of the smooth muscle, and restores the molecular structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum for the next contractile stimulus.

## InfoBox

| Myometrium | |
| --- | --- |
| Uterus and uterine tubes (myometrium labeled at center right) | |
| Histology of myometrium | |
| Details | |
| Location | Uterus |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *tunica muscularis* |
| MeSH | D009215 |
| TA98 | A09.1.03.025 |
| TA2 | 3520 |
| FMA | 17743 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: Guo Hong'an

abstract: Guo Hong'an was a Chinese translator most notable for being one of the main translators into Chinese of the works of the French poet Charles Baudelaire and Albert Camus.

text:
# Guo Hong'an

**Guo Hong'an** (Chinese: 郭宏安; pinyin: *Guō Hóng'ān*; 2 February 1943 – 16 January 2023) was a Chinese translator most notable for being one of the main translators into Chinese of the works of the French poet Charles Baudelaire and Albert Camus.

## Biography

Guo was born in Laiwu County, Shandong, on 2 February 1943. After graduating from the Department of Western Languages, Peking University in 1966, he successively worked as a staff of the Second Artillery Command and translator of the Xinhua News Agency. From 1975 to 1977, he studied at the French School of Language and Culture at the University of Geneva in Switzerland.

Guo returned to China in 1977 and did his postgraduate work at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Guo started to publish translations in 1978, and joined the China Writers Association in 1986.

Guo died in Beijing on 16 January 2023, at the age of 79.

## Translations

* *Collected Works of Albert Camus* (Albert Camus) (加缪文集)
* *Notesof Albert Camus: 1935–1959* (Albert Camus) (加缪笔记：1935—1959)
* *The Outsider/ Sisyphus Myth* (Albert Camus) (局外人 西绪福斯神话)
* *Yves Bonnefoy* (Yves Bonnefoy) (杜弗的动与静)
* *Selected Papers on Baudelaire's Aesthetics* (Charles Baudelaire) (波德莱尔美学论文选)
* *The Flower of Evil* (Charles Baudelaire) (恶之花)
* *The Melancholy of Paris* (Charles Baudelaire) (巴黎的忧郁)
* *Artificial Paradise* (Charles Baudelaire) (人造天堂)

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Guo Hong'an | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 郭宏安 |
| Born | (1943-02-02)2 February 1943
Laiwu County, Shandong, China |
| Died | 16 January 2023(2023-01-16) (aged 79)
Beijing, China |
| Occupation | Translator |
| Language | Chinese, French |
| Alma mater | Peking University
University of Geneva |
| Period | 1978–2022 |
| Genre | Novel, poem |
| Notable works | *Collected Works of Albert Camus* |


title: Vrućina gradskog asfalta

abstract: Vrućina gradskog asfalta is the second studio album by the Croatian hip hop duo, Tram 11. The album was released on December 19, 2000. Guest appearances on the album feature Prva Petorka, Ivana Husar, XL, Ink, Bolesna Braća, Čola, Ivana Kindl and Renman. The album includes production from Dash, Koolade and Baby Dooks.

text:
# Vrućina gradskog asfalta

***Vrućina gradskog asfalta*** is the second studio album by the Croatian hip hop duo, Tram 11. The album was released on December 19, 2000. Guest appearances on the album feature Prva Petorka, Ivana Husar, XL, Ink, Bolesna Braća (aka Sick Rhyme Sayazz), Čola, Ivana Kindl and Renman. The album includes production from Dash, Koolade and Baby Dooks.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" |  | 0:11 |
| 2. | "Prvo i osnovno" | Dash | 3:56 |
| 3. | "Skit 1" (skit) |  | 0:15 |
| 4. | "Nisi pazio" | Koolade | 4:25 |
| 5. | "Politiziranje" (featuring Prva Petorka) | Koolade | 4:24 |
| 6. | "A vi svi" | Koolade | 4:57 |
| 7. | "Skit 2" (skit) |  | 0:04 |
| 8. | "Zlo i naopako" | Koolade | 4:04 |
| 9. | "Vrućina gradskog asfalta" | Koolade | 4:47 |
| 10. | "Nit života" | Dash | 4:33 |
| 11. | "Crni dani" | Koolade | 5:27 |
| 12. | "Za 10 godina" (featuring Ivana Husar) | Koolade | 4:47 |
| 13. | "Ljubomora je kurva" (featuring XL) | Koolade | 4:27 |
| 14. | "Skit 3" (skit) |  | 0:25 |
| 15. | "Samizam" (featuring Ink and Ivana Husar) | Koolade | 4:27 |
| 16. | "I malu i staru" (featuring Bolesna Braća and Ivana Kindl) | Baby Dooks | 5:11 |
| 17. | "Rokalice" (featuring Baby Dooks) | Baby Dooks | 3:53 |
| 18. | "Samo kod nas" (featuring Čola) | Dash | 4:25 |
| 19. | "Eto šta ima" (featuring Baby Dooks) | Koolade | 3:39 |
| 20. | "Ti čašpri iskrivljeno" | Koolade | 3:48 |
| 21. | "Jedno" | Koolade | 5:10 |
| 120. | Untitled (featuring Renman) |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Vrućina gradskog asfalta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Tram 11 | |
| Released | December 19th 2000 |
| Recorded | 1999–2000 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 77:27 |
| Label | Menart |
| Producer | Koolade, Dash, Baby Dooks |
| Tram 11 chronology | |
| *Čovječe ne ljuti se*
(1999) ***Vrućina gradskog asfalta***
(2000) *Tajna crne kutije*
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Vrućina Gradskog Asfalta* | |
| 1. "Nit života"
Released: 1999 2. "A vi svi"
Released: 1999 3. "Vrućina gradskog asfalta"
Released: 2000 4. "Samo kod nas"
Released: 2000 5. "Jedno"
Released: 2000 | |
|  | |


title: Tourism in Sharjah

text:
# Tourism in Sharjah

Sharjah is the third largest and third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Along with Dubai it hosts numerous major tourist events and is home to significant and acknowledged museums on historical heritage, Islamic architecture. Apart from it Sharjah is known for traditional Arabian markets. The city is part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area and is located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf.

## History

Tourism in Sharjah began to develop in the late 20th century, with the UAE government investing heavily in infrastructure and cultural institutions. The city was declared the Cultural Capital of the Arab Region by UNESCO in 1998. Sharjah's tourist project are focused on traditional Arab and Islamic culture as opposed to the global culture broadly represented in neighbouring Dubai.

## Tourist attractions

Sharjah is home to numerous museums and cultural sites. The Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization showcases thousands of Islamic artifacts from across the globe, while the Sharjah Art Museum is the largest art museum in the UAE, housing a vast collection of works from across the Arab region.

The city is also known for its traditional souks, such as the Blue Souk, which is known for its blue tile work and the sale of traditional items like carpets, gold, and handicrafts. The Heart of Sharjah, the largest historical preservation and restoration project in the region contains restored homes, markets, and cultural sites organized as a walk-by park.

The city boasts numerous public parks, including the Al Majaz Waterfront park, which hosts many events throughout the year. The Arabian Wildlife Center, located outside the city, showcases the biodiversity of the Arabian Peninsula.

## Tourism infrastructure

Sharjah's tourism infrastructure has seen significant development in recent years. The city is serviced by the Sharjah International Airport and is also easily accessible from Dubai International Airport. Numerous hotels, ranging from luxury resorts to more budget-friendly options, cater to the needs of the city's visitors. A well-connected public transportation system, including taxis and buses, makes getting around the city convenient for tourists.

## Sustainable tourism

In line with the UAE's sustainability goals, Sharjah has introduced ecotourism projects and initiatives to preserve its natural and cultural heritage. Al Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre and Wasit Wetland Centre are part of Sharjah's participation on this initiative.

## Sharjah Light Festival

The Sharjah Light Festival (SLF) is a light show that takes place annually in the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The festival was first established in 2010 under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council and Ruler of Sharjah, and has since become an integral part of the city's cultural landscape