title: Virginia State Route 691

abstract: State Route 691 in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 691.

text:
# Virginia State Route 691

**State Route 691** (**SR 691**) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 691.

## List

| County | Length
(mi) | Length
(km) | From | Via | To | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Accomack | 2.70 | 4.35 | SR 687 (Bethel Church Road) | Groton Town Road

John Taylor Road | SR 679 (Atlantic Road/Metompkin Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along US 13 |
| Albemarle | 12.84 | 20.66 | Dead End | Castle Rock Road

Ortman Road

Greenwood Road

Jarmans Gap Road

Tabor Street

Hill Top Street | Dead End | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 690 |
| Alleghany | 0.50 | 0.80 | SR 774 (Staunton Road) | Second Avenue | Dead End |  |
| Amelia | 0.70 | 1.13 | Dead End | Bird Grove Lane | SR 640 (Perkinson Road/Jetersville Road) |  |
| Amherst | 1.10 | 1.77 | Dead End | Tinsley Lane | SR 650 (Perch Road) |  |
| Appomattox | 5.10 | 8.21 | SR 647 (Salem Road) | Pumping Station Road

Lee Grant Avenue

Court Street | SR 131 (Court Street/Main Street) |  |
| Augusta | 1.00 | 1.61 | Dead End | Hay Cock Knob Lane | SR 600 (Marble Valley Road) |  |
| Bath | 0.25 | 0.40 | Dead End | Forbes Hollow Road | SR 637 (Lower Yard Road) |  |
| Bedford | 12.86 | 20.70 | US 460/US 221 (Lynchburg Salem Turnpike) | Quarterwood Road

Quarles Road

Thaxton Mountain Road

Robertson Road

Shepherds Store Road | SR 747 (Joppa Mill Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 726

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 755

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 684

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 746 |
| Botetourt | 0.70 | 1.13 | Dead End | Church Street | SR 634 (Cedar Lane) |  |
| Brunswick | 1.70 | 2.74 | SR 631 (Antioch Road) | Ebenezer Road | SR 712 (Old Stage Road) |  |
| Buchanan | 2.50 | 4.02 | SR 645 | Unnamed road | Dead End |  |
| Buckingham | 2.30 | 3.70 | SR 646 (Union Church Road) | Miller Camp Road | SR 24 |  |
| Campbell | 1.04 | 1.67 | SR 683 (Lawyers Road) | Pacoman Road | SR 682 (Leesville Road) |  |
| Caroline | 1.48 | 2.38 | SR 654 (Kidds Fork Road) | Selph Lane | Dead End |  |
| Carroll | 14.29 | 23.00 | SR 620 (Old Pipers Gap Road) | Flower Gap Road

Bear Trail

Orchard Gap Road

Keno Road | SR 640 (Keno Road/Parkside Drive) | Gap between segments ending at different points along US 52

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 608 |
| Charles City | 0.13 | 0.21 | SR 156 | Unnamed road | Cul-de-Sac |  |
| Charlotte | 4.20 | 6.76 | SR 638 (Wheelers Spring Road) | Tower Road | Prince Edward County line |  |
| Chesterfield | 1.63 | 2.62 | Dead End | Walnut Drive

Burgess Road | Dead End | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 10 |
| Craig | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 311 (Craig Valley Drive) | Mountain Breeze Lane | Dead End |  |
| Culpeper | 0.30 | 0.48 | US 15 (James Madison Highway) | Carver School Lane | SR 657 (General Winder Road) |  |
| Cumberland | 0.50 | 0.80 | Dead End | Blanton Farm Road | SR 45 (Cumberland Road) |  |
| Dickenson | 0.90 | 1.45 | SR 607 | Wilderness Lane | Dead End |  |
| Dinwiddie | 1.00 | 1.61 | Dead End | Cryors Road | SR 40 (Old Cryors Road) |  |
| Essex | 1.55 | 2.49 | US 360 (Richmond Highway) | Gordons Mill Road | US 360 (Richmond Highway) |  |
| Fairfax | 1.57 | 2.53 | Arlington County line | Rockingham Road

Rockingham Street

Rhode Island Avenue

Massachusetts Avenue

Vermont Avenue

Valley Wood Road

Franklin Park Road | Arlington County line |  |
| Fauquier | 12.91 | 20.78 | SR 688 (Leeds Manor Road) | Old Waterloo Road

Wilson Road

Carters Run Road | US 17 (Winchester Road) |  |
| Floyd | 0.60 | 0.97 | US 221 (Floyd Highway) | Lazy Lane | Dead End |  |
| Franklin | 6.13 | 9.87 | SR 919 (Grassy Hill Road) | Burgess Road

Taylors Road

Bonbrook Road | SR 687 (Alean Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along US 220

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 635 |
| Frederick | 0.15 | 0.24 | SR 671 (Shockeysville Road/Green Spring Road) | Holiday Road | Dead End |  |
| Giles | 0.20 | 0.32 | Dead End | Palisades Drive | SR 813 (Cliffview Street) |  |
| Gloucester | 0.40 | 0.64 | SR 3 (John Clayton Memorial Highway) | Foster Road | SR 3 (John Clayton Memorial Highway) |  |
| Goochland | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 644 (Miller Lane) | Stage Coach Road | Dead End |  |
| Grayson | 5.40 | 8.69 | SR 274 (Riverside Drive) | Fulton Road

Pine Mountain Road

Doe Run Road

Pine Mountain Road | SR 660 (Carsonville Road) |  |
| Greene | 0.11 | 0.18 | Cul-de-Sac | Business Park Circle | SR 690 |  |
| Greensville | 1.20 | 1.93 | SR 634 (Bass Road) | Cedar Lane | Dead End |  |
| Halifax | 2.00 | 3.22 | SR 658 (Melon Road) | Stebbins Road | SR 659 (River Road) |  |
| Hanover | 3.36 | 5.41 | SR 611 (Saint Peters Church Road) | Canterbury Road | SR 610 (Bethany Church Road) |  |
| Henry | 0.30 | 0.48 | North Carolina state line | Madison Road | SR 692 (Horsepasture Price Road) |  |
| Isle of Wight | 1.27 | 2.04 | End State Maintenance | Butler Farm Road

Jamestown Lane | US 58 Bus (Carrsville Highway) |  |
| James City | 0.09 | 0.14 | SR 5 (John Tyler Memorial Highway) | Paddock Lane | SR 666 (Cooley Road) |  |
| King and Queen | 0.22 | 0.35 | SR 605 (York River Road) | Apple Road | SR 33 (Lewis Puller Memorial Highway) |  |
| King George | 0.18 | 0.29 | SR 683 (Ferry Dock Road) | Rosedale Drive | Dead End |  |
| Lancaster | 0.29 | 0.47 | Dead End | Carters Cove Drive | SR 632 (Johns Neck Road) |  |
| Lee | 2.01 | 3.23 | Tennessee state line | Wheeler Road

Unnamed road | Dead End |  |
| Loudoun | 3.45 | 5.55 | SR 693 (George Road) | Rehobeth Church Road

Bolington Road | SR 850 (Picnic Woods Road) |  |
| Louisa | 1.10 | 1.77 | US 33 (Spotswood Trail) | Old Louisa Road | Orange County line |  |
| Lunenburg | 2.70 | 4.35 | SR 622 (Ontario Road) | Jupiter Creek Drive | SR 690 (Davis Low Grand Road) |  |
| Madison | 2.20 | 3.54 | SR 230 (Orange Road) | Lost Mountain Road | SR 607 (Elly Road) |  |
| Mathews | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 602 (Sand Bank Road) | Heath Road | Dead End |  |
| Mecklenburg | 2.80 | 4.51 | SR 688 (Skipwith Road) | Daniels Road | SR 677 (Wilkerson Road) |  |
| Middlesex | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 602 (Old Virginia Street) | Streets Lane | SR 602 (Old Virginia Street) |  |
| Montgomery | 0.87 | 1.40 | SR 672 (Camp Carysbrook Road) | Camp Carysbrook Road | Dead End |  |
| Nelson | 0.16 | 0.26 | Dead End | Center Hill Lane | SR 656 (Gladstone Road) |  |
| New Kent | 0.27 | 0.43 | Dead End | North Tunstall Station Road | SR 619 (Hopewell Road) |  |
| Northampton | 0.50 | 0.80 | Dead End | Downing Beach Road | SR 613 |  |
| Northumberland | 0.40 | 0.64 | SR 631 (Clarketown Road) | Clarketown Road | Dead End |  |
| Nottoway | 1.20 | 1.93 | Dead End | Dogwood Road | SR 650 (Mallory Hill Road) |  |
| Orange | 0.12 | 0.19 | Louisa County line | Old Louisa Road | SR 1015 (Pendleton Street/South Main Street) |  |
| Page | 0.37 | 0.60 | SR 763 | Unnamed road | Dead End |  |
| Patrick | 2.40 | 3.86 | Dead End | Brook Loop

Mountain Valley Drive

Blueberry Lane | Dead End | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 680 |
| Pittsylvania | 5.14 | 8.27 | SR 1431 (Neighborhood Road) | Mill Creek Road

Motley Road | SR 649 (Sheva Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 685 |
| Prince Edward | 1.28 | 2.06 | Charlotte County line | Tower Road | Dead End | Gap between SR 47 and SR 665 |
| Prince William | 0.17 | 0.27 | Cul-de-Sac | Wooded Acres Court | SR 626 (Harvey Road) |  |
| Pulaski | 0.50 | 0.80 | SR 759 (C V Jackson Road) | McGavock Creek Road | Dead End |  |
| Rappahannock | 0.12 | 0.19 | Dead End | Unnamed road | US 211 (Lee Highway) |  |
| Richmond | 0.85 | 1.37 | Westmoreland County line | Northernmost Road | Dead End |  |
| Roanoke | 1.41 | 2.27 | Dead End | Dawnwood Road | SR 690 (Poage Valley Road) |  |
| Rockbridge | 2.30 | 3.70 | Dead End | Unnamed road | SR 609 | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 610 |
| Rockingham | 0.80 | 1.29 | FR-237/SR 992 | Ford View Road | Dead End |  |
| Russell | 0.10 | 0.16 | Dead End | Ruby Lane | SR 615 (Gravel Lick Road) |  |
| Scott | 1.80 | 2.90 | US 58 (Bristol Highway) | Spurrier Cemetery Lane | SR 614 (A P Carter Highway) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 689 |
| Shenandoah | 16.08 | 25.88 | West Virginia Route 59 | Judge Rye Road

Cold Spring Road

Dellinger Acres Road

Swover Creek Road | SR 809 (Union Force Church Road) |  |
| Smyth | 1.95 | 3.14 | Marion town limits | Johnstone Road | SR 689 (Hutton Branch Road) |  |
| Southampton | 0.50 | 0.80 | SR 658 (Cedar View Road) | Royal Oak Road | US 58 (Southampton Parkway) |  |
| Spotsylvania | 1.51 | 2.43 | SR 656 (Towles Road) | Black Rock Drive | SR 208 (Courthouse Road) |  |
| Stafford | 2.08 | 3.35 | US 17 (Warrenton Road) | Storck Road | SR 612 (Hartwood Road) |  |
| Tazewell | 0.36 | 0.58 | Bluefield town limits | Unnamed road | Dead End |  |
| Washington | 1.00 | 1.61 | SR 80 (Hayters Gap Road) | Clinch Mountain Road | Dead End |  |
| Westmoreland | 0.10 | 0.16 | Richmond County line | Northernmost Road | SR 642 (Baynesville Road) |  |
| Wise | 0.70 | 1.13 | SR 645 (Dotson Creek Road) | Unnamed road | SR 680 |  |
| Wythe | 1.40 | 2.25 | SR 670 | Fairview Church Road | SR 749 (Cedar Springs Road) |  |
| York | 0.23 | 0.37 | Cul-de-Sac | Elliott Road | SR 171 (Victory Boulevard) |  |

## InfoBox

| State Route 691 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |


title: The Prairie Prophet

abstract: The Prairie Prophet is an album by American jazz saxophonist Ernest Dawkins' New Horizons Ensemble, which was recorded in 2010 and released on Delmark. The album pays tribute to saxophonist Fred Anderson. "Mal-Lester" is an homage to Art Ensemble of Chicago members Malachi Favors and Lester Bowie.

text:
# The Prairie Prophet

***The Prairie Prophet*** is an album by American jazz saxophonist Ernest Dawkins' New Horizons Ensemble, which was recorded in 2010 and released on Delmark. The album pays tribute to saxophonist Fred Anderson. "Mal-Lester" is an homage to Art Ensemble of Chicago members Malachi Favors and Lester Bowie.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Down Beat* |  |
| *All About Jazz* |  |

In his review for AllMusic, Alex Henderson states "This 2010 recording is neither totally avant-garde nor totally straight-ahead, but rather, is an appealing union of the inside and the outside."

The *Down Beat* review by John Murph notes "Without attempting to make grandiose statements, *The Prairie Prophet* illustrates the excellence of Dawkins as a consummate jazz figure."

The *All About Jazz* review by Troy Collins states "Balancing inside and outside traditions with the same charismatic assurance as the album's dedicatee, *The Prairie Prophet* is a fitting tribute to a true hero of Chicago's avant-garde."

In his review for *JazzTimes* Shaun Brady says "The New Horizons Ensemble embraces a wide swath of jazz styles, where the bop- and gospel-tinged material can share a stage with the patchwork abstraction of 'Sketches', ceding way to the Middle Eastern evocations of trombonist Steve Berry’s 'Mesopotamia'."

## Track listing

*All compositions by Ernest Dawkins except as indicated* 1. "Hymn for a Hip King" – 8:09
2. "Sketches" – 12:07
3. "Balladesque" – 2:21
4. "Mal-Lester" – 10:40
5. "Shades of the Prairie Prophet" – 11:05
6. "Mesopotamia" (Steve Berry) – 6:50
7. "Baghdad Boogie" – 13:27

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Prairie Prophet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ernest Dawkins | |
| Released | 2011 |
| Recorded | October 13 & 14, 2010 |
| Studio | Riverside Studio, Chicago |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 64:39 |
| Label | Delmark |
| Producer | Robert G. Koester |
| Ernest Dawkins chronology | |
| *Un-Till Emmett Till*
(2009) ***The Prairie Prophet***
(2011) *Velvet Songs*
(2011) | |


title: Parakylia

abstract: Parakylia Station is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but now operates as a cattle station in outback South Australia.

text:
# Parakylia

Parakyliaclass=notpageimage|Location in South Australia

**Parakylia Station** is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but now operates as a cattle station in outback South Australia.

## Description

It is located approximately 52 kilometres (32 mi) west of Roxby Downs and 166 kilometres (103 mi) south of William Creek. The property shares boundaries with Mount Eba, Billa Kalina and Millers Creek Stations to the north, Mount Vivian to the west and Roxby Downs Station to the south and east. It is also situated within the Woomera Rocket Range, and the Dingo Fence passes through the property.

The country is composed of open tablelands vegetated with saltbush, cottonbush, myall, mulga and sandalwood. The area is interspersed with sand ridges, but has several ephemeral creeks and some swamp areas that hold some surface water.

## History

The name of the property is a corruption of the traditional owners' word *parakilia*, which is used to describe the succulent annual portulacaceous plants of the genus *Calandrinia* that are found in the area.

The station was established at some time prior to 1880; in this year it was placed on the market and was stocked with 30,000 sheep. Occupying an area of 2,120 square miles (5,491 km2), the run adjoined Mount Eba, Arcoona and Andamooka Stations.

By 1884 the 2,257-square-mile (5,846 km2) property was stocked with 15,000 sheep, 800 cattle, 100 horses and had purchased 40 camels for the transportation of supplies.

The property was initially established by Andrew Wooldridge, who obtained the lease for a vast tract of land including Parakylia and Arcoona Stations. In 1880 the property was stocked with 30,000 sheep and occupied an area of 2,120 square miles (5,491 km2), and was sold to Thomas and Charles Chewings. Charles William Bowman joined the partnership late then Charles Chewings retired from the enterprise in 1882. A post office was situated on the station between 1884 and 1898. Shearing in 1894 expected between 35,000 and 50,000 sheep to be shorn. By 1899 the run was abandoned after problems with dingos attacking stock. By 1901 the lease was still unlet but under a caretaker; the property encompassed an area of 1,520 square miles (3,937 km2). Good rains fell later that year and there was plenty of feed available, stock was reintroduced and the next year shearing recommenced.

By 1908 the property occupied an area of approximately 1,500 square miles (3,885 km2) and was stocked with 10,000 sheep.

F and M Collins owned Parakylia in 1912 and were selling both wool and bullocks to local markets. By 1915 the 1,417-square-mile (3,670 km2) property was unoccupied again and open for application. The property was on the market in 1923, when it was owned by Joseph Timms, at which time it had an area of 1,314 square miles (3,403 km2). It had been subdivided into 23 paddocks and was enclosed by a mix of five- and six-wire fences, but was passed in at £10,760. Parakylia Pty. Ltd. was formed in 1927 to acquire the property. The company was established with £60,000 capital.

In 1954 the executors of the trustees advertised for a manager to run Parakylia, which was stocked with 14,000 sheep.

The land occupying the extent of the Parakylia pastoral lease was gazetted by the Government of South Australia as a locality in April 2013 under the name "Parakylia".

30°24′17″S 136°23′15″E / 30.4046°S 136.3876°E / -30.4046; 136.3876


title: Too Soon to Love

abstract: Too Soon to Love, also known as High School Honeymoon and Teenage Lovers, is a 1960 American exploitation film directed by Richard Rush and starring Richard Evans, Jennifer West and Jack Nicholson. The film was considered by some critics as among the first of the American "new wave" of filmmaking.

text:
# Too Soon to Love

***Too Soon to Love***, also known as ***High School Honeymoon*** and ***Teenage Lovers***, is a 1960 American exploitation film directed by Richard Rush and starring Richard Evans, Jennifer West and Jack Nicholson.

The film was considered by some critics as among the first of the American "new wave" of filmmaking.

## Premise

The film is about the romantic relationship between a woman and a man, barely out of their teens, and another man named Buddy (Nicholson) who tries to steal her away from him.

## Cast

## Production

The film was made for $50,000. It was Francis Ford Coppola's first writing assignment and director Richard Rush said "he had more youth than discipline."

Jack Nicholson was cast off the back of his appearance in *The Cry Baby Killer*. He would make two more films with Rush.

The film was sold to Universal for $250,000.

## InfoBox

| Too Soon to Love | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Richard Rush |
| Screenplay by | László Görög
Richard Rush |
| Story by | László Görög
Richard Rush
Francis Ford Coppola |
| Produced by | Mark Lipsky
Richard Rush |
| Starring | Jennifer West
Richard Evans |
| Cinematography | William C. Thompson |
| Edited by | Stefan Arnsten |
| Music by | Ronald Stein |
| Production
company | Dynasty |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * February 1960 (1960-02) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $50,000 |


title: Hepp-Kexel-Group

abstract: The Hepp-Kexel-Group was a right-wing terroristic gang in West-Germany. The gang perpetrated bank robberies and attacks in the early 1980s; its members came from the main far-right terrorist gang of this time, the Wehrsportgruppe Hoffmann. The Hepp-Kexel group was until the self-release of the NSU as the most important right-wing terrorist group in the Federal Republic of Germany.

text:
# Hepp-Kexel-Group

The **Hepp-Kexel-Group** (German *Hepp-Kexel-Gruppe*) was a right-wing terroristic gang in West-Germany. The gang perpetrated bank robberies and attacks in the early 1980s; its members came from the main far-right terrorist gang of this time, the Wehrsportgruppe Hoffmann. The Hepp-Kexel group was until the self-release of the NSU as the most important right-wing terrorist group in the Federal Republic of Germany.

## History

In 1982, the neo-Nazi gang robbed five banks in Germany to finance later actions and captured 630,000 D-Mark. Internally, the group called itself after their leaders Walther Kexel and Odfried Hepp. Hepp was a former member of the *Wehrsportgruppe Hoffmann*. According to Hepp, the group wanted to attract political attention with large terrostic attack, modeled on the IRA. Kexel and Hepp planned together with the right-wing terrorist Peter Naumann, to free the war criminal Rudolf Hess from Spandau Prison. After a row in the group, this plan was abandoned.

Instead, the Hepp-Kexel group published a paper titled  *Farewell to Hitlerism.* They called for an "anti-imperialist liberation struggle" against the US and Israel. The group rented apartments and set up weapons depots. Following the call, three car bomb attacks on US military personnel followed in Frankfurt, Butzbach and Darmstadt.

All members, except for Odfried Hepp, were arrested in February 1983. Three members surrender to the police in Frankfurt, Kexel and another member were arrested in the same month in England. Only Hepp, who had previously moved to West Berlin, and was working for the Stasi, was able to escape the planned for February 19, 1983, arrest by the Berlin police by fleeing to East Berlin. He was taken to Syria and given a new identity.


title: High Rocks (New York)

abstract: High Rocks is a mountain in Greene County, New York. It is located in the Catskill Mountains north-northwest of Coxsackie. Lampman Hill is located south-southeast, and Potic Mountain is located southwest of High Rocks.

text:
# High Rocks (New York)

**High Rocks** is a mountain in Greene County, New York. It is located in the Catskill Mountains north-northwest of Coxsackie. Lampman Hill is located south-southeast, and Potic Mountain is located southwest of High Rocks.

## InfoBox

| High Rocks | |
| --- | --- |
| High RocksLocation of High Rocks within New YorkHigh RocksHigh Rocks (the United States) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 361 feet (110 m) |
| Coordinates | 42°24′11″N 73°49′42″W / 42.4031388°N 73.8284588°W / 42.4031388; -73.8284588 |
| Geography | |
| Location | NNW of Coxsackie, New York, U.S. |
| Topo map | USGS *Hudson North* |


title: Moose McCormick

abstract: Harry Elwood "Moose" McCormick was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played all or part of five seasons in Major League Baseball between 1904 and 1913 for the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Philadelphia Phillies. McCormick also served in the United States Army during World War I and as a civilian director of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Under manager John McGraw of the Giants, he was one of the first pinch hitters in the game's history and was considered one of the best pinch hitters in the game.

text:
# Moose McCormick

**Harry Elwood "Moose" McCormick** (February 28, 1881 – July 9, 1962) was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played all or part of five seasons in Major League Baseball between 1904 and 1913 for the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Philadelphia Phillies. McCormick also served in the United States Army during World War I and as a civilian director of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.

Under manager John McGraw of the Giants, he was one of the first pinch hitters in the game's history and was considered one of the best pinch hitters in the game.

## Early life

McCormick's father worked in the Philadelphia Gas Works, while his mother raised their five children. McCormick's father died when he was five years old, making him legally an orphan under Pennsylvania laws, and eligible to attend Girard College.

In high school, McCormick excelled in both baseball and American football. He got his nickname from classmates because of his large body size. McCormick graduated from Girard College in 1898, and enrolled at Bucknell University, where he played baseball, American football, basketball, and track and field for the Bucknell Bison. He succeeded future Giants teammate Christy Mathewson as Bucknell's starting fullback.

## Baseball career

Rather than graduating with his class at Bucknell in 1904, he left to play minor league baseball for the Jersey City Skeeters of the Eastern League in 1903. He joined the New York Giants of the National League in Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1904. McCormick was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates as part of a three-team trade, with the Pirates sending Jimmy Sebring to the Cincinnati Reds and the Reds sending Mike Donlin to the Giants. After the season, the Pirates traded McCormick to the Philadelphia Phillies with Kitty Bransfield and Otto Krueger for Del Howard. However, McCormick stopped playing baseball, working as a steel salesman for the next three years.

McCormick returned to baseball in 1908. After appearing in eleven games for the Phillies, batting .091, the Phillies sold McCormick to the Giants. McGraw decided to use McCormick as a pinch hitter due to his lack of speed. While rounding third base during a game, Cy Seymour, who was coaching third base, tackled McCormick. When Giants manager John McGraw inquired, Seymour made an excuse about having the sun in his eyes. This led McGraw, now realizing the need for a full-time coach, to hire Arlie Latham for the role, the first full-time base coach in MLB. McCormick scored the potential winning run in the infamous 1908 Merkle game. The run was eventually nullified, the game ended in a tie, and the Giants lost the pennant by a single game.

McCormick again worked as a salesman in 1910 and 1911. He returned to MLB to play for the Giants in 1912 and 1913. He retired after the 1913 season.

## Later life

McCormick managed the Chattanooga Lookouts in 1914 and 1915. He worked for the Hess Steel Company in Baltimore, Maryland after his retirement. In 1917, he enlisted in the United States Army. He fought in France as a first lieutenant and captain in the 167th Infantry Regiment of the 42nd Infantry Division, known as the "Rainbow Division", during World War I. He then coached the Bucknell Bison baseball team in 1923 through 1925, and the Army Black Knights baseball team in 1928.

McCormick remained with the military, serving as a civilian director in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. After the war, he served as Bucknell's director of housing. He died in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1962.

McCormick was inducted into the Bucknell Sports Hall of Fame in 1979.

## InfoBox

| Moose McCormick | |
| --- | --- |
| 1909 baseball card of McCormick | |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1881-02-28)February 28, 1881
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | |
| **Died:** July 9, 1962(1962-07-09) (aged 81)
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 14, 1904, for the New York Giants | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 4, 1913, for the New York Giants | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .285 |
| Home runs | 6 |
| Runs batted in | 133 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Kirsteen McEwan

abstract: Kirsteen Fiona McEwan-Miller is a retired Scottish badminton player. She reached a career high as world number 8 and has a number of titles to her name. McEwan competed at the 1998 and 2002 Commonwealth Games, and won a mixed team bronze in 2002.

text:
# Kirsteen McEwan

**Kirsteen Fiona McEwan-Miller** (born 20 November 1975) is a retired Scottish badminton player. She reached a career high as world number 8 and has a number of titles to her name. McEwan competed at the 1998 and 2002 Commonwealth Games, and won a mixed team bronze in 2002.

## Personal life

Her mother, Fiona McEwan, was a former Badminton Scotland president, and Commonwealth Games Scotland vice-chair. His brother-in-law, Craig Robertson, also a former Scottish national badminton player.

## Achievements

### IBF World Grand Prix

The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) from 1983 to 2006.

*Women's doubles*

| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | U.S. Open | Elinor Middlemiss | Milaine Cloutier
Robbyn Hermitage | 7–15, 15–5, 15–2 | **Winner** |

### IBF International

*Women's doubles*

| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 2002 | Iceland International | Yuan Wemyss | Katrin Atladóttir
Drifa Hardardóttir | 11–3, 11–4 | **Winner** |
| 2002 | Scottish International | Yuan Wemyss | Nicole Grether
Juliane Schenk | Walkover | **Winner** |
| 2002 | Slovak International | Yuan Wemyss | Natalia Gorodnicheva
Elena Sukhareva | 11–5, 11–5 | **Winner** |
| 2001 | Scottish International | Susan Hughes | Sandra Watt
Yuan Wemyss | 4–7, 0–7, 8–6, 0–7 | **Runner-up** |
| 1999 | Austrian International | Sandra Watt | Ginny Severien
Melissa Trouerbach | 15–9, 15–10 | **Winner** |
| 1999 | La Chaux-de-Fonds International | Sandra Watt | Lonneke Janssen
Erica van den Heuvel | 10–15, 6–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 1997 | Mauritius International | Wendy Taylor | Meagen Burnett
Michelle Edwards | 15–5, 15–10 | **Winner** |

*Mixed doubles*

| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 2005 | Irish International | Andrew Bowman | Roman Spitko
Carina Mette | 15–10, 7–15, 0–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 2005 | Spanish International | Andrew Bowman | Jean-Michel Lefort
Ella Karachkova | 3–15, 9–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 2002 | Spanish International | Graeme Smith | José Antonio Crespo
Dolores Marco | 7–2, 7–8, 8–6, 2–7, 7–1 | **Winner** |
| 2002 | Croatian International | Russell Hogg | Travis Denney
Kate Wilson-Smith | 7–3, 8–6, 7–2 | **Winner** |
| 2001 | Slovenian International | Russell Hogg | Nikolai Zuyev
Marina Yakusheva | 5–7, 3–7, 2–7 | **Runner-up** |
| 2000 | Irish International | Russell Hogg | Graham Hurrell
Sara Hardaker | 15–9, 15–8 | **Winner** |
| 2000 | Le Volant d'Or de Toulouse | Russell Hogg | Björn Siegemund
Nicol Pitro | 5–15, 11–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 2000 | Slovenian International | Russell Hogg | Mathias Boe
Britta Andersen | 9–15, 3–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 1999 | Austrian International | Kenny Middlemiss | Andrej Pohar
Maja Pohar | 15–12, 15–11 | **Winner** |
| 1997 | Mauritius International | Peter Jeffrey | Graham Hurrell
Wendy Taylor | 15–6, 15–5 | **Winner** |

Kirsteen McEwan at BWF.TournamentSoftware.com

## InfoBox

| Kirsteen McEwan | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Born | (1975-11-20) 20 November 1975
Scotland |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |
| Handedness | Right |
| Event | Doubles |
| Medal record      Women's badminton  Representing  Scotland  Commonwealth Games  2002 Manchester  Mixed team | |
| BWF profile | |


title: Harris affine region detector

abstract: In the fields of computer vision and image analysis, the Harris affine region detector belongs to the category of feature detection. Feature detection is a preprocessing step of several algorithms that rely on identifying characteristic points or interest points so to make correspondences between images, recognize textures, categorize objects or build panoramas.

text:
# Harris affine region detector

In the fields of computer vision and image analysis, the **Harris affine region detector** belongs to the category of feature detection. Feature detection is a preprocessing step of several algorithms that rely on identifying characteristic points or interest points so to make correspondences between images, recognize textures, categorize objects or build panoramas.

## Overview

The Harris affine detector can identify similar regions between images that are related through affine transformations and have different illuminations. These *affine-invariant* detectors should be capable of identifying similar regions in images taken from different viewpoints that are related by a simple geometric transformation: scaling, rotation and shearing. These detected regions have been called both *invariant* and *covariant*. On one hand, the regions are detected *invariant* of the image transformation but the regions *covariantly* change with image transformation. Do not dwell too much on these two naming conventions; the important thing to understand is that the design of these interest points will make them compatible across images taken from several viewpoints. Other detectors that are affine-invariant include Hessian affine region detector, maximally stable extremal regions, Kadir–Brady saliency detector, edge-based regions (EBR) and intensity-extrema-based regions (IBR).

Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2002) first described the Harris affine detector as it is used today in *An Affine Invariant Interest Point Detector*. Earlier works in this direction include use of affine shape adaptation by Lindeberg and Garding for computing affine invariant image descriptors and in this way reducing the influence of perspective image deformations, the use affine adapted feature points for wide baseline matching by Baumberg and the first use of scale invariant feature points by Lindeberg; for an overview of the theoretical background. The Harris affine detector relies on the combination of corner points detected through Harris corner detection, multi-scale analysis through Gaussian scale space and affine normalization using an iterative affine shape adaptation algorithm. The recursive and iterative algorithm follows an iterative approach to detecting these regions:

1. Identify initial region points using scale-invariant **Harris–Laplace detector**.
2. For each initial point, normalize the region to be affine invariant using affine shape adaptation.
3. Iteratively estimate the affine region: selection of proper integration scale, differentiation scale and spatially localize interest points.
4. Update the affine region using these scales and spatial localizations.
5. Repeat step 3 if the stopping criterion is not met.

## Algorithm description

### Harris–Laplace detector (initial region points)

The Harris affine detector relies heavily on both the Harris measure and a Gaussian scale space representation. Therefore, a brief examination of both follow. For a more exhaustive derivations see corner detection and Gaussian scale space or their associated papers.

#### Harris corner measure

The Harris corner detector algorithm relies on a central principle: at a corner, the image intensity will change largely in multiple directions. This can alternatively be formulated by examining the changes of intensity due to shifts in a local window. Around a corner point, the image intensity will change greatly when the window is shifted in an arbitrary direction. Following this intuition and through a clever decomposition, the Harris detector uses the second moment matrix as the basis of its corner decisions. (See corner detection for a more complete derivation). The matrix $A$, has also been called the autocorrelation matrix and has values closely related to the derivatives of image intensity.

$$A(\mathbf {x} )=\sum \_{p,q}w(p,q){\begin{bmatrix}I\_{x}^{2}(p,q)&I\_{x}I\_{y}(p,q)\\I\_{x}I\_{y}(p,q)&I\_{y}^{2}(p,q)\\\end{bmatrix}}$$

where $I\_{x}$ and $I\_{y}$ are the respective derivatives (of pixel intensity) in the $x$ and $y$ direction at point ( $p$, $q$); $p$ and $q$ are the position parameters of the weighting function w. The off-diagonal entries are the product of $I\_{x}$ and $I\_{y}$, while the diagonal entries are squares of the respective derivatives. The weighting function $w(x,y)$ can be uniform, but is more typically an isotropic, circular Gaussian,

$$w(x,y)=g(x,y,\sigma )={\frac {1}{2\pi \sigma ^{2}e^{\left(-{\frac {x^{2}+y^{2}{2\sigma ^{2}\right)}}}}}}$$

that acts to average in a local region while weighting those values near the center more heavily.

As it turns out, this $A$ matrix describes the shape of the autocorrelation measure as due to shifts in window location. Thus, if we let $\lambda \_{1}$ and $\lambda \_{2}$ be the eigenvalues of $A$, then these values will provide a quantitative description of how the autocorrelation measure changes in space: its principal curvatures. As Harris and Stephens (1988) point out, the $A$ matrix centered on corner points will have two large, positive eigenvalues. Rather than extracting these eigenvalues using methods like singular value decomposition, the Harris measure based on the trace and determinant is used:

$$R=\det(A)-\alpha \operatorname {trace} ^{2}(A)=\lambda \_{1}\lambda \_{2}-\alpha (\lambda \_{1}+\lambda \_{2})^{2}$$

where $\alpha $ is a constant. Corner points have large, positive eigenvalues and would thus have a large Harris measure. Thus, corner points are identified as local maxima of the Harris measure that are above a specified threshold.

$$\begin{aligned}\\{x\_{c}\\}={\big \\{}x\_{c}\mid R(x\_{c})\>R(x\_{i}),\forall x\_{i}\in W(x\_{c}){\big \\},\\R(x\_{c})\>t\_{\text{threshold}\end{aligned}}}$$

where $\\{x\_{c}\\}$ are the set of all corner points, $R(x)$ is the Harris measure calculated at $x$, $W(x\_{c})$ is an 8-neighbor set centered on $x\_{c}$ and $t\_{\text{threshold}}$ is a specified threshold.

#### Gaussian scale-space

A Gaussian scale space representation of an image is the set of images that result from convolving a Gaussian kernel of various sizes with the original image. In general, the representation can be formulated as:

$$L(\mathbf {x} ,s)=G(s)\otimes I(\mathbf {x} )$$

where $G(s)$ is an isotropic, circular Gaussian kernel as defined above. The convolution with a Gaussian kernel smooths the image using a window the size of the kernel. A larger scale, $s$, corresponds to a smoother resultant image. Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2001) point out that derivatives and other measurements must be normalized across scales. A derivative of order $m$, $D\_{1},...i\_{m}$, must be normalized by a factor $s^{m}$ in the following manner:

$$D\_{1},\dots ,i\_{m}(\mathbf {x} ,s)=s^{m}L\_{1},\dots ,i\_{m}(\mathbf {x} ,s)$$

These derivatives, or any arbitrary measure, can be adapted to a scale space representation by calculating this measure using a set of scales recursively where the $n$th scale is $s\_{n}=k^{n}s\_{0}$. See scale space for a more complete description.

#### Combining Harris detector across Gaussian scale-space

The **Harris–Laplace** detector combines the traditional 2D Harris corner detector with the idea of a Gaussian scale space representation in order to create a scale-invariant detector. Harris-corner points are good starting points because they have been shown to have good rotational and illumination invariance in addition to identifying the interesting points of the image. However, the points are not scale invariant and thus the second-moment matrix must be modified to reflect a scale-invariant property. Let us denote, $M=\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{\mathit {I},\sigma \_{\mathit {D})}}$ as the scale adapted second-moment matrix used in the Harris–Laplace detector.

$M=\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{\mathit {I},\sigma \_{\mathit {D})=\sigma \_{D}^{2}g(\sigma \_{I})\otimes {\begin{bmatrix}L\_{x}^{2}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{D})&L\_{x}L\_{y}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{D})\\L\_{x}L\_{y}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{D})&L\_{y}^{2}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{D})\end{bmatrix}}}}$

where $g(\sigma \_{I})$ is the Gaussian kernel of scale $\sigma \_{I}$ and $\mathbf {x} =(x,y)$. Similar to the Gaussian-scale space, $L(\mathbf {x} )$ is the Gaussian-smoothed image. The $\mathbf {\otimes } $ operator denotes convolution. $L\_{x}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{D})$ and $L\_{y}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{D})$ are the derivatives in their respective direction applied to the smoothed image and calculated using a Gaussian kernel with scale $\sigma \_{D}$. In terms of our Gaussian scale-space framework, the $\sigma \_{I}$ parameter determines the current scale at which the Harris corner points are detected.

Building upon this scale-adapted second-moment matrix, the **Harris–Laplace** detector is a twofold process: applying the Harris corner detector at multiple scales and automatically choosing the *characteristic scale*.

#### Multi-scale Harris corner points

The algorithm searches over a fixed number of predefined scales. This set of scales is defined as:

$$\sigma \_{1}\dots \sigma \_{n}={k^{1}\sigma \_{0}\dots k^{n}\sigma \_{0}}$$

Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2004) use $k=1.4$. For each integration scale, $\sigma \_{I}$, chosen from this set, the appropriate differentiation scale is chosen to be a constant factor of the integration scale: $\sigma \_{D}=s\sigma \_{I}$. Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2004) used $s=0.7$. Using these scales, the interest points are detected using a Harris measure on the $\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{\mathit {I},\sigma \_{\mathit {D})}}$ matrix. The *cornerness,* like the typical Harris measure, is defined as:

$$\mathit {cornerness}=\det(\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{\mathit {I},\sigma \_{\mathit {D}))-\alpha \operatorname {trace} ^{2}(\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{\mathit {I},\sigma \_{\mathit {D}))}}}}$$

Like the traditional Harris detector, corner points are those local (8 point neighborhood) maxima of the *cornerness* that are above a specified threshold.

#### Characteristic scale identification

An iterative algorithm based on Lindeberg (1998) both spatially localizes the corner points and selects the *characteristic scale*. The iterative search has three key steps, that are carried for each point $\mathbf {x} $ that were initially detected at scale $\sigma \_{I}$ by the multi-scale Harris detector ( $k$ indicates the $kth$ iteration):

* **Choose the scale $\sigma \_{I}^{(k+1)}$ that maximizes the Laplacian-of-Gaussians (LoG) over a predefined range of neighboring scales.** The neighboring scales are typically chosen from a range that is within a *two scale-space* neighborhood. That is, if the original points were detected using a scaling factor of $1.4$ between successive scales, a *two scale-space* neighborhood is the range $t\in \[0.7,\dots ,1.4\]$. Thus the Gaussian scales examined are: $\sigma \_{I}^{(k+1)}=t\sigma \_{I}^{k}$. The LoG measurement is defined as:

$$|\operatorname {LoG} (\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{I})|=\sigma \_{I}^{2}\left|L\_{xx}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{I})+L\_{yy}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{I})\right|$$

where $L\_{xx}$ and $L\_{yy}$ are the second derivatives in their respective directions. The $\sigma \_{I}^{2}$ factor (as discussed above in Gaussian scale-space) is used to normalize the LoG across scales and make these measures comparable, thus making a maximum relevant. Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2001) demonstrate that the LoG measure attains the highest percentage of correctly detected corner points in comparison to other scale-selection measures. The scale which maximizes this LoG measure in the *two scale-space* neighborhood is deemed the ***characteristic scale***, $\sigma \_{I}^{(k+1)}$, and used in subsequent iterations. If no extrema, or maxima of the LoG is found, this point is discarded from future searches. * **Using the characteristic scale, the points are spatially localized.** That is to say, the point $\mathbf {x} ^{(k+1)}$ is chosen such that it maximizes the Harris corner measure (*cornerness* as defined above) within an 8×8 local neighborhood.
* **Stopping criterion**: $\sigma \_{I}^{(k+1)}==\sigma \_{I}^{(k)}$ and $\mathbf {x} ^{(k+1)}==\mathbf {x} ^{(k)}$.

If the stopping criterion is not met, then the algorithm repeats from step 1 using the new $k+1$ points and scale. When the stopping criterion is met, the found points represent those that maximize the LoG across scales (scale selection) and maximize the Harris corner measure in a local neighborhood (spatial selection).

### Affine-invariant points

#### Mathematical theory

The Harris–Laplace detected points are scale invariant and work well for isotropic regions that are viewed from the same viewing angle. In order to be invariant to arbitrary affine transformations (and viewpoints), the mathematical framework must be revisited. The second-moment matrix $\mathbf {\mu } $ is defined more generally for anisotropic regions:

$$\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\Sigma \_{I},\Sigma \_{D})=\det(\Sigma \_{D})g(\Sigma \_{I})\*(\nabla L(\mathbf {x} ,\Sigma \_{D})\nabla L(\mathbf {x} ,\Sigma \_{D})^{T})$$

where $\Sigma \_{I}$ and $\Sigma \_{D}$ are covariance matrices defining the differentiation and the integration Gaussian kernel scales. Although this may look significantly different from the second-moment matrix in the Harris–Laplace detector; it is in fact, identical. The earlier $\mu $ matrix was the 2D-isotropic version in which the covariance matrices $\Sigma \_{I}$ and $\Sigma \_{D}$ were 2x2 identity matrices multiplied by factors $\sigma \_{I}$ and $\sigma \_{D}$, respectively. In the new formulation, one can think of Gaussian kernels as a multivariate Gaussian distributions as opposed to a uniform Gaussian kernel. A uniform Gaussian kernel can be thought of as an isotropic, circular region. Similarly, a more general Gaussian kernel defines an ellipsoid. In fact, the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix define the rotation and size of the ellipsoid. Thus we can easily see that this representation allows us to completely define an arbitrary elliptical affine region over which we want to integrate or differentiate.

The goal of the affine invariant detector is to identify regions in images that are related through affine transformations. We thus consider a point $\mathbf {x} \_{L}$ and the transformed point $\mathbf {x} \_{R}=A\mathbf {x} \_{L}$, where A is an affine transformation. In the case of images, both $\mathbf {x} \_{R}$ and $\mathbf {x} \_{L}$ live in $R^{2}$ space. The second-moment matrices are related in the following manner:

$$\begin{aligned}\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{L},\Sigma \_{I,L},\Sigma \_{D,L})&{}=A^{T}\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{R},\Sigma \_{I,R},\Sigma \_{D,R})A\\M\_{L}&{}=\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{L},\Sigma \_{I,L},\Sigma \_{D,L})\\M\_{R}&{}=\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{R},\Sigma \_{I,R},\Sigma \_{D,R})\\M\_{L}&{}=A^{T}M\_{R}A\\\Sigma \_{I,R}&{}=A\Sigma \_{I,L}A^{T}{\text{ and }\Sigma \_{D,R}=A\Sigma \_{D,L}A^{T}\end{aligned}}$$

where $\Sigma \_{I,b}$ and $\Sigma \_{D,b}$ are the covariance matrices for the $b$ reference frame. If we continue with this formulation and enforce that

$$\begin{aligned}\Sigma \_{I,L}=\sigma \_{I}M\_{L}^{-1}\\\Sigma \_{D,L}=\sigma \_{D}M\_{L}^{-1}\end{aligned}$$

where $\sigma \_{I}$ and $\sigma \_{D}$ are scalar factors, one can show that the covariance matrices for the related point are similarly related:

$$\begin{aligned}\Sigma \_{I,R}=\sigma \_{I}M\_{R}^{-1}\\\Sigma \_{D,R}=\sigma \_{D}M\_{R}^{-1}\end{aligned}$$

By requiring the covariance matrices to satisfy these conditions, several nice properties arise. One of these properties is that the square root of the second-moment matrix, $M^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$ will transform the original anisotropic region into isotropic regions that are related simply through a pure rotation matrix $R$. These new isotropic regions can be thought of as a normalized reference frame. The following equations formulate the relation between the normalized points $x\_{R}^{'}$ and $x\_{L}^{'}$:

$$\begin{aligned}A=M\_{R}^{-{\tfrac {1}{2}RM\_{L}^{\tfrac {1}{2}\\x\_{R}^{'}=M\_{R}^{\tfrac {1}{2}x\_{R}\\x\_{L}^{'}=M\_{L}^{\tfrac {1}{2}x\_{L}\\x\_{L}^{'}=Rx\_{R}^{'}\\\end{aligned}}}}}}$$

The rotation matrix can be recovered using gradient methods likes those in the SIFT descriptor. As discussed with the Harris detector, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second-moment matrix, $M=\mu (\mathbf {x} ,\Sigma \_{I},\Sigma \_{D})$ characterize the curvature and shape of the pixel intensities. That is, the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue indicates the direction of largest change and the eigenvector associated with the smallest eigenvalue defines the direction of least change. In the 2D case, the eigenvectors and eigenvalues define an ellipse. For an isotropic region, the region should be circular in shape and not elliptical. This is the case when the eigenvalues have the same magnitude. Thus a measure of the isotropy around a local region is defined as the following:

$$\mathcal {Q}={\frac {\lambda \_{\min }(M)}{\lambda \_{\max }(M)}}$$

where $\lambda $ denote eigenvalues. This measure has the range $\[0\dots 1\]$. A value of $1$ corresponds to perfect isotropy.

#### Iterative algorithm

Using this mathematical framework, the Harris affine detector algorithm iteratively discovers the second-moment matrix that transforms the anisotropic region into a normalized region in which the isotropic measure is sufficiently close to one. The algorithm uses this *shape adaptation matrix*, $U$, to transform the image into a normalized reference frame. In this normalized space, the interest points' parameters (spatial location, integration scale and differentiation scale) are refined using methods similar to the Harris–Laplace detector. The second-moment matrix is computed in this normalized reference frame and should have an isotropic measure close to one at the final iteration. At every $k$th iteration, each interest region is defined by several parameters that the algorithm must discover: the $U^{(k)}$ matrix, position $\mathbf {x} ^{(k)}$, integration scale $\sigma \_{I}^{(k)}$ and differentiation scale $\sigma \_{D}^{(k)}$. Because the detector computes the second-moment matrix in the transformed domain, it's convenient to denote this transformed position as $\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)}$ where $U^{(k)}\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)}=\mathbf {x^{(k)} }$.

1. The detector initializes the search space with points detected by the Harris–Laplace detector. $U^{(0)}={\mathit {identity}}$ and $\mathbf {x} ^{(0)}$, $\sigma \_{D}^{(0)}$, and $\sigma \_{I}^{(0)}$ are those from the Harris–Laplace detector.
2. Apply the previous iteration *shape adaptation matrix*, $U^{(k-1)}$ to generate the normalized reference frame, $U^{(k-1)}\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k-1)}=\mathbf {x} ^{(k-1)}$. For the first iteration, you apply $U^{(0)}$.
3. **Select the integration scale**, $\sigma \_{I}^{(k)}$, using a method similar to the Harris–Laplace detector. The scale is chosen as the scale that maximizes the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG). The search space of the scales are those within two scale-spaces of the previous iterations scale.

$$\sigma \_{I}^{(k)}={\underset {\sigma \_{I}=t\sigma \_{I}^{(k-1)} \atop t\in \[0.7,\dots ,1.4\]}{\operatorname {argmax} }\\,\sigma \_{I}^{2}\det(L\_{xx}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{I})+L\_{yy}(\mathbf {x} ,\sigma \_{I}))}$$

It's important to note that the integration scale in the $U-normalized$ space differs significantly than the non-normalized space. Therefore, it is necessary to search for the integration scale as opposed to using the scale in the non-normalized space.
4. **Select the differentiation scale**, $\sigma \_{D}^{(k)}$. In order to reduce the search space and degrees of freedom, the differentiation scale is taken to be related to the integration scale through a constant factor: $\sigma \_{D}^{k}=s\sigma \_{I}^{k}$. For obvious reasons, the constant factor is less than one. Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2001) note that a too small factor will make smoothing (integration) too significant in comparison to differentiation and a factor that's too large will not allow for the integration to average the covariance matrix. It is common to choose $s\in \[0.5,0.75\]$. From this set, the chosen scale will maximize the isotropic measure $\mathcal {Q}={\frac {\lambda \_{min}(\mu )}{\lambda \_{max}(\mu )}}$.

$$\sigma \_{D}^{(k)}={\underset {\sigma \_{D}=s\sigma \_{I}^{(k)},\\;s\in \[0.5,\dots ,0.75\]}{\operatorname {argmax} }\\,{\frac {\lambda \_{\min }(\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)},\sigma \_{I}^{k},\sigma \_{D}))}{\lambda \_{\max }(\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)},\sigma \_{I}^{k},\sigma \_{D}))}}}$$

where $\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)},\sigma \_{I}^{k},\sigma \_{D})$ is the second-moment matrix evaluated in the normalized reference frame. This maximization processes causes the eigenvalues to converge to the same value.
5. **Spatial Localization:** Select the point $\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)}$ that maximizes the Harris corner measure ( $\mathit {cornerness}$) within an 8-point neighborhood around the previous $\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k-1)}$ point.

$$\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)}={\underset {\mathbf {x} \_{w}\in W(\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k-1)})}{\operatorname {argmax} }\\,\det(\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{w},\sigma \_{I}^{k},\sigma \_{D}^{(k)}))-\alpha \operatorname {trace} ^{2}(\mu (\mathbf {x} \_{w},\sigma \_{I}^{k},\sigma \_{D}^{(k)}))}$$

where $\mu $ is the second-moment matrix as defined above. The window $W(\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k-1)})$ is the set of 8-nearest neighbors of the previous iteration's point in the normalized reference frame.

Because our spatial localization was done in the $U$-normalized reference frame, the newly chosen point must be transformed back to the original reference frame. This is achieved by transforming a displacement vector and adding this to the previous point:

$$\mathbf {x} ^{(k)}=\mathbf {x} ^{(k-1)}+U^{(k-1)}\cdot (\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)}-\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k-1)})$$
6. As mentioned above, the square-root of the second-moment matrix defines the transformation matrix that generates the normalized reference frame. We thus need to save this matrix: $\mu \_{i}^{(k)}=\mu ^{-{\tfrac {1}{2}(\mathbf {x} \_{w}^{(k)},\sigma \_{I}^{(k)},\sigma \_{D}^{(k)})}}$. The transformation matrix $U$ is updated: $U^{(k)}=\mu \_{i}^{(k)}\cdot U^{(k-1)}$. In order to ensure that the image gets sampled correctly and we are expanding the image in the direction of the least change (smallest eigenvalue), we fix the maximum eigenvalue: $\lambda \_{max}(U^{(k)})=1$. Using this updating method, one can easily see that the final $U$ matrix takes the following form:

$$U=\prod \_{k}\mu \_{i}^{(k)}\cdot U^{(0)}=\prod \_{k}(\mu ^{-{\tfrac {1}{2})^{(k)}\cdot U^{(0)}}}$$
7. If the **stopping criterion** is not met, continue to the next iteration at step 2. Because the algorithm iteratively solves for the $U-normalization$ matrix that transforms an anisotropic region into an isotropic region, it makes sense to stop when the isotropic measure, $\mathcal {Q}={\frac {\lambda \_{\min }(\mu )}{\lambda \_{\max }(\mu )}}$, is sufficiently close to its maximum value 1. *Sufficiently close* implies the following **stopping condition**:

$$1-{\frac {\lambda \_{\min }(\mu \_{i}^{(k)})}{\lambda \_{\max }(\mu \_{i}^{(k)})}\<\varepsilon \_{C}}$$

Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2004) had good success with $\epsilon \_{C}=0.05$.

## Computation and implementation

The computational complexity of the Harris-affine detector is broken into two parts: initial point detection and affine region normalization. The initial point detection algorithm, Harris–Laplace, has complexity $\mathcal {O}(n)$ where $n$ is the number of pixels in the image. The affine region normalization algorithm automatically detects the scale and estimates the *shape adaptation matrix*, $U$. This process has complexity $\mathcal {O}((m+k)p)$, where $p$ is the number of initial points, $m$ is the size of the search space for the automatic scale selection and $k$ is the number of iterations required to compute the $U$ matrix.

Some methods exist to reduce the complexity of the algorithm at the expense of accuracy. One method is to eliminate the search in the differentiation scale step. Rather than choose a factor $s$ from a set of factors, the sped-up algorithm chooses the scale to be constant across iterations and points: $\sigma \_{D}=s\sigma \_{I},\\;s=constant$. Although this reduction in search space might decrease the complexity, this change can severely effect the convergence of the $U$ matrix.

## Analysis

### Convergence

One can imagine that this algorithm might identify duplicate interest points at multiple scales. Because the Harris affine algorithm looks at each initial point given by the Harris–Laplace detector independently, there is no discrimination between identical points. In practice, it has been shown that these points will ultimately all converge to the same interest point. After finishing identifying all interest points, the algorithm accounts for duplicates by comparing the spatial coordinates ( $\mathbf {x} $), the integration scale $\sigma \_{I}$, the isotropic measure $\tfrac {\lambda \_{\min }(U)}{\lambda \_{\max }(U)}$ and skew. If these interest point parameters are similar within a specified threshold, then they are labeled duplicates. The algorithm discards all these duplicate points except for the interest point that's closest to the average of the duplicates. Typically 30% of the Harris affine points are distinct and dissimilar enough to not be discarded.

Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2004) showed that often the initial points (40%) do not converge. The algorithm detects this divergence by stopping the iterative algorithm if the inverse of the isotropic measure is larger than a specified threshold: $\tfrac {\lambda \_{\max }(U)}{\lambda \_{\min }(U)}\>t\_{\text{diverge}}$. Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2004) use $t\_{diverge}=6$. Of those that did converge, the typical number of required iterations was 10.

### Quantitative measure

Quantitative analysis of affine region detectors take into account both the accuracy of point locations and the overlap of regions across two images. Mioklajcyzk and Schmid (2004) extend the **repeatability measure** of Schmid et al. (1998) as the ratio of point correspondences to minimum detected points of the two images.

$$R\_{\text{score}={\frac {C(A,B)}{\min(n\_{A},n\_{B})}}}$$

where $C(A,B)$ are the number of corresponding points in images $A$ and $B$. $n\_{B}$ and $n\_{A}$ are the number of detected points in the respective images. Because each image represents 3D space, it might be the case that the one image contains objects that are not in the second image and thus whose interest points have no chance of corresponding. In order to make the repeatability measure valid, one remove these points and must only consider points that lie in both images; $n\_{A}$ and $n\_{B}$ only count those points such that $x\_{A}=H\cdot x\_{B}$. For a pair of two images related through a homography matrix $H$, two points, $\mathbf {x\_{a} }$ and $\mathbf {x\_{b} }$ are said to correspond if:

1. Error in pixel location is less than 1.5 pixels: $\\|\mathbf {x\_{a} -H\cdot \mathbf {x\_{b} \\|\<1.5}}$
2. The **overlap error** of the two affine points ( $\epsilon \_{S}$) must be less than a specified threshold (typically 40%). For affine regions, this overlap error is the following:

$$\epsilon \_{S}=1-{\frac {\mu \_{a}\cap (H^{T}\mu \_{b}H)}{\mu \_{a}\cup (H^{T}\mu \_{b}H)}}$$

where $\mu \_{a}$ and $\mu \_{b}$ are the recovered elliptical regions whose points satisfy: $\mu ^{T}\mathbf {x} \mu =1$. Basically, this measure takes a ratio of areas: the area of overlap (intersection) and the total area (union). Perfect overlap would have a ratio of one and have an $\epsilon \_{S}=0$. Different scales effect the region of overlap and thus must be taken into account by normalizing the area of each region of interest. Regions with an overlap error as high as 50% are viable detectors to be matched with a good descriptor.

A second measure, a **matching score**, more practically assesses the detector's ability to identify matching points between images. Mikolajczyk and Schmid (2005) use a SIFT descriptor to identify matching points. In addition to being the closest points in SIFT-space, two matched points must also have a sufficiently small overlap error (as defined in the repeatability measure). The **matching score** is the ratio of the number of matched points and the minimum of the total detected points in each image:

$M\_{score}={\frac {M(A,B)}{\min(n\_{A},n\_{B})}}$, where $M(A,B)$ are the number of matching points and $n\_{B}$ and $n\_{A}$ are the number of detected regions in the respective images.

### Robustness to affine and other transformations

Mikolajczyk et al. (2005) have done a thorough analysis of several state-of-the-art affine region detectors: Harris affine, Hessian affine, MSER, IBR & EBR and salient detectors. Mikolajczyk et al. analyzed both structured images and textured images in their evaluation. Linux binaries of the detectors and their test images are freely available at their webpage. A brief summary of the results of Mikolajczyk et al. (2005) follow; see *A comparison of affine region detectors* for a more quantitative analysis.

* **Viewpoint Angle Change:** The Harris affine detector has reasonable (average) robustness to these types of changes. The detector maintains a repeatability score of above 50% up until a viewpoint angle of above 40 degrees. The detector tends to detect a high number of repeatable and matchable regions even under a large viewpoint change.
* **Scale Change:** The Harris affine detector remains very consistent under scale changes. Although the number of points declines considerably at large scale changes (above 2.8), the repeatability (50–60%) and matching scores (25–30%) remain very constant especially with textured images. This is consistent with the high-performance of the automatic scale selection iterative algorithm.
* **Blurred Images:** The Harris affine detector remains very stable under image blurring. Because the detector does not rely on image segmentation or region boundaries, the repeatability and matching scores remain constant.
* **JPEG Artifacts:** The Harris affine detector degrades similar to other affine detectors: repeatability and matching scores drop significantly above 80% compression.
* **Illumination Changes:** The Harris affine detector, like other affine detectors, is very robust to illumination changes: repeatability and matching scores remain constant under decreasing light. This should be expected because the detectors rely heavily on relative intensities (derivatives) and not absolute intensities.

* Harris affine region points tend to be small and numerous. Both the Harris-affine detector and Hessian-affine consistently identify double the number repeatable points as other affine detectors: ~1000 regions for an 800x640 image. Small regions are less likely to be occluded but have a smaller chance of overlapping neighboring regions.
* The Harris affine detector responds well to textured scenes in which there are a lot of corner-like parts. However, for some structured scenes, like buildings, the Harris-affine detector performs very well. This is complementary to MSER that tends to do better with well structured (segmentable) scenes.
* Overall the Harris affine detector performs very well, but still behind MSER and Hessian-affine in all cases but blurred images.
* Harris-affine and Hessian-affine detectors are less accurate than others: their repeatability score increases as the overlap threshold is increased.
* The detected affine-invariant regions may still differ in their rotation and illumination. Any descriptor that uses these regions must account for the invariance when using the regions for matching or other comparisons.

## Applications

## Software packages

* Affine Covariant Features: K. Mikolajczyk maintains a web page that contains Linux binaries of the Harris-affine detector in addition to other detectors and descriptors. Matlab code is also available that can be used to illustrate and compute the repeatability of various detectors. Code and images are also available to duplicate the results found in the Mikolajczyk et al. (2005) paper.
* lip-vireo – binary code for Linux, Windows and SunOS from VIREO research group. See more from the homepage Archived 2017-05-11 at the Wayback Machine

* – Presentation slides from Mikolajczyk et al. on their 2005 paper.
* – Cordelia Schmid's Computer Vision Lab
* – Code, test Images, bibliography of Affine Covariant Features maintained by Krystian Mikolajczyk and the Visual Geometry Group from the Robotics group at the University of Oxford.
* – Bibliography of feature (and blob) detectors maintained by USC Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems
* – Digital implementation of Laplacian of Gaussian

1. K. Mikolajczyk, T. Tuytelaars, C. Schmid, A. Zisserman, J. Matas, F. Schaffalitzky, T. Kadir and L. Van Gool, A comparison of affine region detectors. In IJCV 65(1/2):43-72, 2005
2. "Mikolajcyk, K. and Schmid, C. 2002. An affine invariant interest point detector. In *Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Vision*, Vancouver, Canada" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-07-23. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
3. T. Lindeberg and J. Garding (1997). "Shape-adapted smoothing in estimation of 3-{D} depth cues from affine distortions of local 2-{D} structure". Image and Vision Computing 15: pp. 415434.
4. A. Baumberg (2000). "Reliable feature matching across widely separated views". Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: pages I:17741781.
5. Lindeberg, Tony, Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, ISBN 0-7923-9418-6
6. T. Lindeberg (1998). "Feature detection with automatic scale selection". International Journal of Computer Vision 30 (2): pp. 77116.
7. Lindeberg, T. (2008). "Scale-space". In Wah, Benjamin (ed.). *Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering*. Vol. IV. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 2495–2504. doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse609. ISBN 978-0470050118.
8. C. Harris and M. Stephens (1988). "A combined corner and edge detector". Proceedings of the 4th Alvey Vision Conference: pages 147151. Archived 2007-09-16 at the Wayback Machine
9. K. Mikolajczyk and C. Schmid. Indexing based on scale invariant interest points. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, pages 525-531, 2001.
10. Schmid, C., Mohr, R., and Bauckhage, C. 2000. Evaluation of interest point detectors. International Journal of Computer Vision, 37(2):151–172.
11. Mikolajczyk, K. and Schmid, C. 2004. Scale & affine invariant interest point detectors. *International Journal on Computer Vision* 60(1):63-86.
12. "Spatial Filters: Laplacian/Laplacian of Gaussian". Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
13. C. Schmid, R. Mohr, and C. Bauckhage. Comparing and evaluating interest points. In *International Conference on Computer Vision*, pp. 230–135, 1998.
14. J.Matas, O. Chum, M. Urban, and T. Pajdla, Robust wide baseline stereo from maximally stable extremal regions. In BMVC p. 384-393, 2002.
15. T. Tuytelaars and L. Van Gool, Matching widely separated views based on affine invariant regions. In IJCV 59(1):61-85, 2004.
16. T. Kadir, A. Zisserman, and M. Brady, An affine invariant salient region detector. In ECCV p. 404-416, 2004.
17. http://staff.science.uva.nl/~gevers/pub/overview.pdf
18. R. Datta, J. Li, and J. Z. Wang, “Content-based image retrieval – Approaches and trends of the new age,” In Proc. Int. Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval, pp. 253–262, 2005.IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 127–142, 2005. Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
19. J. Sivic and A. Zisserman. Video google: A text retrieval approach to object matching in videos. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, 2003.
20. J. Sivic and A. Zisserman. Video data mining using configurations of viewpoint invariant regions. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, pp. 488–495, 2004.
21. G. Dorko and C. Schmid. *Selection of scale invariant neighborhoods for object class recognition.* In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, pp. 634–640, 2003.
22. Beril Sirmacek and Cem Unsalan (January 2011). "A probabilistic framework to detect buildings in aerial and satellite images" (PDF). *IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing*. **49** (1): 211–221. Bibcode:2011ITGRS..49..211S. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2010.2053713. S2CID 10637950.


title: Music Room (TV series)

abstract: Music Room is an innovative British television music series that presents classical musicians and the pieces they play in a manner normally associated with popular music programming. Filmed in a bare studio with only a scaffold cube for a set, the programme strips away the glamour that often marks classical music as an elitist art form. The series has also been broadcast in Canada and across South America.

text:
# Music Room (TV series)

***Music Room*** is an innovative British television music series that presents classical musicians and the pieces they play in a manner normally associated with popular music programming. Filmed in a bare studio with only a scaffold cube for a set, the programme strips away the glamour that often marks classical music as an elitist art form. The series has also been broadcast in Canada (on Knowledge) and across South America (on Film&Arts).

## Programme description

The format is a simple alternation of performance and conversation, in which soloists discuss issues and subjects arising from their selected pieces of music. There is also one item in which a particular piece is treated to basic musical analysis.

## Episodes

## InfoBox

| *Music Room* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Music
Chat show |
| Created by | John La Bouchardiere |
| Presented by | Howard Goodall |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 8 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | James Hunt |
| Producer | Greg Browning |
| Production locations | Elstree, England
Berlin, Germany |
| Camera setup | Multiple camera |
| Running time | 56 minutes |
| Production company | Polyphonic Films |
| Original release | |
| Network | Sky Arts |
| Release | 12 November (2010-11-12)
31 December 2010 (2010-12-31) |


title: The Savage Nation (book)

abstract: The Savage Nation: Saving America from the Liberal Assault on Our Borders, Language, and Culture is Michael Savage's 18th book. It was published in 2003 and spent 18 weeks on the NY Times best seller list, debuting at #4. It provides conservative social commentary and criticism of liberals, and Democrats.

text:
# The Savage Nation (book)

***The Savage Nation: Saving America from the Liberal Assault on Our Borders, Language, and Culture*** is Michael Savage's 18th book. It was published in 2003 and spent 18 weeks on the NY Times best seller list, debuting at #4. It provides conservative social commentary and criticism of liberals, and Democrats.

## InfoBox

The Savage nation : saving America from the liberal assault on our borders, language, and culture
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Michael Savage |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Current affairs |
| Publisher | WND Books |
| Publication date | 2002 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Book |
| Pages | 220 |
| ISBN | 0-7852-6353-5 |
| OCLC | 50622305 |
| Dewey Decimal | 306/.0973 |
| LC Class | JC574.2.U6 S28 2002 |


title: Paraplatyptilia bifida

abstract: Paraplatyptilia bifida is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Paraplatyptilia bifida

***Paraplatyptilia bifida*** is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Paraplatyptilia bifida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Paraplatyptilia* |
| Species: | ***P. bifida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paraplatyptilia bifida***<br>(Lange, 1950) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Platyptilia bifida* Lange, 1950 | |


title: Menegazzia norstictica

abstract: Menegazzia norstictica is a species of foliose lichen from Australia. It was described as new to science in 1992.

text:
# Menegazzia norstictica

***Menegazzia norstictica*** is a species of foliose lichen from Australia. It was described as new to science in 1992.

## InfoBox

| *Menegazzia norstictica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Menegazzia* |
| Species: | ***M. norstictica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Menegazzia norstictica***<br>P.James (1992) | |
|


title: Hierankl

abstract: Hierankl is a German award-winning family drama which premiered on 1 July 2003 at the Munich Film Festival. The modern Heimatfilm, named after a district in Surberg, Germany, is the film debut of writer and director Hans Steinbichler. It received several nominations and awards, among them the 2006 Adolf Grimme Award for acting, cinematography, writing and direction.

text:
# Hierankl

***Hierankl*** is a German award-winning family drama which premiered on 1 July 2003 at the Munich Film Festival. The modern *Heimatfilm*, named after a district in Surberg, Germany, is the film debut of writer and director Hans Steinbichler.

It received several nominations and awards, among them the 2006 Adolf Grimme Award for acting, cinematography, writing and direction.

## Cast

Source:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Hierankl | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Hans Steinbichler |
| Written by | Hans Steinbichler |
| Starring | Johanna Wokalek
Barbara Sukowa
Josef Bierbichler |
| Cinematography | Bella Halben |
| Edited by | Christian Lonk |
| Music by | Antek Lazarkiewicz |
| Distributed by | Avista Film / Movienet |
| Release date | * 1 July 2003 (2003-07-01) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | Germany |
| Language | German |


title: Montford Bridge

abstract:
Montford Bridge is a village and bridge. The village is in Shropshire, England, UK. The bridge is in that village.
It lies on the River Severn and is close to the town of Shrewsbury.

text:
# Montford Bridge

**Montford Bridge** is a village and bridge. The village is in Shropshire, England, UK. The bridge is in that village. It lies on the River Severn and is close to the town of Shrewsbury.

## Village

Most of the village is in the Montford parish, but some is covered by the Bicton parish.

The A5 road used to run through the village (over the Montford Bridge), but has been diverted via the Shrewsbury bypass. There are still some services, such as a shop (closed as of 2011) and a pub (the *Wingfield Arms*), in the village.

## Bridge

The bridge was Thomas Telford's first bridge design. It was built by John Carline and John Tilley between 1790 and 1792. It has three masonry elliptical arch spans, two of 55 ft, and the central one of 58 ft.

They are built of red sandstone obtained from Nesscliffe Hill four miles distant. The bridge cost £5,800 to build. Regarding the bridge, Telford wrote:

> *The contractors, Messrs. Carline and Tilley, being experienced workmen, it has proved a substantial edifice, having been completed upwards of forty years, and remaining quite perfect*

It was widened in 1963 by adding a reinforced concrete slab. The bridge is now a Grade II listed building.

## Bibliography

* Cragg, R., *Civil Engineering Heritage - Wales & West Central England*, Thomas Telford Publishing, 1997, ISBN 0-7277-2576-9

## InfoBox

| Montford Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Montford Bridge | |
| Montford BridgeLocation within Shropshire | |
| OS grid reference | SJ431152 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SHREWSBURY |
| Postcode district | SY4 |
| Dialling code | 01743 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Kiss This (album)

abstract: Kiss This is a "best of" compilation by the Sex Pistols released in 1992. It features all tracks from Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols' and highlights from the soundtrack album The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle, interspersed with singles and B-sides. Originally Kiss This was issued with a bonus CD featuring the 21 July 1977 show at Trondheim and a foldout colour poster. The standard edition of Kiss This comprises 20 tracks. The Australian edition of the album is only 17 tracks long, with the songs "I Wanna Be Me", "Don't Give Me No Lip, Child", and "Bodies" excluded from the track listing.

text:
# Kiss This (album)

***Kiss This*** is a "best of" compilation by the Sex Pistols released in 1992. It features all tracks from *Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols'* and highlights from the soundtrack album *The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle*, interspersed with singles and B-sides.

Originally *Kiss This* was issued with a bonus CD featuring the 21 July 1977 show at Trondheim and a foldout colour poster.

The standard edition of *Kiss This* comprises 20 tracks. The Australian edition of the album is only 17 tracks long, with the songs "I Wanna Be Me", "Don't Give Me No Lip, Child", and "Bodies" excluded from the track listing.

## Track listing

### *Kiss This*

1. "Anarchy in the U.K." (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
2. "God Save the Queen" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
3. "Pretty Vacant" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
4. "Holidays in the Sun" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
5. "I Wanna Be Me" ("Anarchy in the U.K." B-side, 1976)
6. "Did You No Wrong" (Lydon/Matlock/Nightingale/Cook/Jones) ("God Save the Queen" Virgin B-side, 1977)
7. "No Fun" (Alexander/Asheton/Asheton/Osterberg) ("Pretty Vacant" B-side, 1977)
8. "Satellite" ("Holidays in the Sun" B-side, 1977)
9. "Don't Give Me No Lip, Child" (from *The Great Rock n Roll Swindle*, 1979)
10. "(I'm Not Your) Stepping Stone" (Boyce/Hart) (from *The Great Rock n Roll Swindle*, 1979)
11. "Bodies" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
12. "No Feelings" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
13. "Liar" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
14. "Problems" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
15. "Seventeen" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
16. "Submission" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
17. "New York" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
18. "EMI (Unlimited Edition)" (from *Never Mind the Bollocks*, 1977)
19. "My Way" (Anka/Revaud/Francois/Thibaut) (from *The Great Rock n Roll Swindle*, 1979)
20. "Silly Thing" (re-recorded single version, 1979)

### *Live In Trondheim 21st July 1977*

1. "Anarchy in the U.K."
2. "I Wanna Be Me"
3. "Seventeen"
4. "New York"
5. "EMI (Unlimited Edition)"
6. "No Fun"
7. "No Feelings"
8. "Problems"
9. "God Save the Queen"

## Charts

Chart performance for *Kiss This*
| Chart (1992) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 40 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 46 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 10 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Kiss This | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by Sex Pistols | |
| Released | 5 October 1992 |
| Recorded | 1976–1978 |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 68:17 |
| Label | Virgin Records |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Kiss This* | |
| 1. "**Anarchy In The UK**"/"I Wanna Be Me"/"Anarchy In The UK (demo)"
Released: 21 September 1992 2. "**Pretty Vacant**"/"No Feelings(demo)"/"EMI Unlimited (demo)"/"Satellite (demo)"
Released: 23 November 1992 | |
|  | |


title: The Savage Nomads

abstract: The Savage Nomads are a British five piece indie rock band from South London, consisting of Cole Salewicz Josh Miles, Benjy Miles (guitar), Tom Williams and Louis Lacoste. Q magazine described them as "one of the most glorious bands to come out of South London." The band have received acclaim for their exploratory sound and energetic live shows.

text:
# The Savage Nomads

**The Savage Nomads** are a British five piece indie rock band from South London, consisting of Cole Salewicz (lead vocals) Josh Miles (guitar, vocals and production), Benjy Miles (guitar), Tom Williams (bass guitar and vocals) and Louis Lacoste (drums and vocals).  magazine described them as "one of the most glorious bands to come out of South London." The band have received acclaim for their exploratory sound and energetic live shows.

## History

### Beginnings and *What The Angel Said*

Formed in 2008, the band's first shows were with Mick Jones of The Clash at his Carbon Casino. They played with other bands such as Alabama 3, Kitty, Daisy & Lewis, The Rotten Hill Gang, Carbon/Silicon, John Cooper Clarke, Pete Wylie and James Dean Bradfield of The Manic Street Preachers. Singer Cole Salewicz has stated that these "early shows were a vital catalyst that cemented our confidence"; following a further four shows with Carbon Casino, the band started a residency at Denmark Street's 12 Bar. The original lineup consisted of Cole Salewicz (guitar and vocals), Joe Gilick (guitar), Josh Miles (Bass) and Billy Boone (Drums).

After two years on the London gigging circuit, the band were signed to Alaska Sounds in 2010 and soon after released their debut EP *What The Angel Said* in October of that year. The EP was produced by Pat Collier formerly of The Vibrators and received airplay from Gideon Coe and Don Letts on BBC Radio 6 Music, and Gary Crowley on BBC London.

### *Coloured Clutter*

In 2011, prior to the release of their debut album the band supported Mick Jones' Big Audio Dynamite on their comeback tour. *Coloured Clutter* was released by Alaska Sounds in 2011, it was called by *Artrocker* magazine, a long-standing supporter of the band, "the best debut album from a British band this year". It received positive reviews with  magazine describing the band as "defining experimental. The Savage Nomads are named after one of the most notorious street gangs ever to come out of the Bronx area of NYC - they are also one of the most glorious bands to come out of South London." In support of the album the band would later team up with Jones, Pete Wylie and Primal Scream, opening up for them on The Justice Tonight Tour - a benefit for the Hillsborough football disaster in 1989 and also opened up for The Members and Rat Scabies as well as The Jim Jones Revue on several tour dates.

### *Tension In The Middle*

The band released *Tension In The Middle* on 27 May 2012. It received regular airplay on BBC Radio 6 Music and was called by BBC Introducing's Tom Robinson as "the most astonishing single of the year so far". The video was directed by Jarrad Templeton which also received praise: "Stunning photography, rich colours and a slowly unfolding narrative". The band were in residence at Alan McGee's former club night Death2Disco at The Notting Hill Arts Club in West London for a series of shows throughout 2012.

### New line-up and *Jaded Edges*

Following a prolonged hiatus, it was announced Gilick was leaving The Savage Nomads, with Miles moving onto play guitar, and following younger brother Benjy joining playing guitar. Salewicz and the Miles brothers worked on writing new material, resulting in 25 new songs. Rory 'Tyrone' Jones joined the band having met Salewicz at an Only Real gig at The Shackelwell Arms. Following auditions, Petr Matousek replaced Boone, moving to England having completed university in Prague to commit full-time to the band. With a comeback show at The Hoxton Bar & Kitchen in June as part of The Artrocker New Blood Festival, the band released their come back single *Jaded Edges* in September 2013, announced as the first of a new series of singles to be released over the next year. Following a series of further London shows, the band released the single along with a video on YouTube, again directed by Templeton. The single received critical acclaim with Tom Robinson playlisting the track on his Fresh On The Net blog, Gary Crowley announcing it his 'Crowley Cracker' on his Amazing Radio show and *Artrocker* magazine calling it "possibly the strongest indie pop of the year". Radio One have also played the single with Jen Long calling it 'Big Indie'. BBC Introducing included Jaded Edges in their best of 2013 hour on BBC London The band are planning upcoming shows and future releases for early 2014.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Coloured Clutter* (July 2011)

### EPs

* *What The Angel Said* (October 2010)
* *Tension In The Middle* (May 2012)

### Singles

* "The Magic Eye" (May 2011)
* "What The Angel Said" (October 2011)
* "Jaded Edges" (September 2013)


title: Jack West

abstract: John Melville West was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and University in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Jack West

**John Melville West** (17 February 1889 – 26 March 1960) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and University in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Military service

He was both a footballer and a resident master at Melbourne Grammar School when he enlisted in the AIF, 7th Battalion, C Company, on 17 August 1914, only two weeks after war was declared.

On 25 April 1915 he landed at Gallipoli and four days later was appointed second lieutenant. In August he was promoted to lieutenant, just a week before he was wounded in action with significant gunshot wounds to the head and hand. A few days later he was admitted to the 1st Australian General Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, and he subsequently returned to Australia in May 1916 as he was no longer fit for active duties. From 1919 until 1947 he was employed by Munitions Supply Department.

## Death

West died in South Yarra on 26 March 1960, aged 71.

## Footnotes

* Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

## InfoBox

| Jack West | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | John Melville West | | |
| Date of birth | (1889-02-17)17 February 1889 | | |
| Place of birth | Mooroopna, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 26 March 1960(1960-03-26) (aged 71) | | |
| Place of death | South Yarra, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | South Melbourne College | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1906–07 | Melbourne | 04 0(0) |
| 1908–14 | University | 71 (17) |
| Total |  | **75 (17)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1910. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Merchants' National Bank of New York

abstract: The Merchants' National Bank of the City of New York was an American bank based in New York City.

text:
# Merchants' National Bank of New York

**The Merchants' National Bank of the City of New York** was an American bank based in New York City.

## History

On April 7, 1803, fourteen men met at 25 Wall Street to sign the Articles of Association, which were drawn up by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, of the Merchants' Bank in the City of New York.

In 1803, a total of 24,925 shares, at $50 per share were owned by investors, totaling $1,246,250 (equivalent to $25,357,000 in 2023). Elbert Adrian Brinckerhoff, son-in-law of W. R. Vermilye (former president of the New York Stock Exchange and brother of Merchants' Bank president Jacob D. Vermilye) was long associated with Merchants' Bank.

Pursuant to a merger agreement dated March 1, 1920 (and approved by the Superintendent of Banks on the same day), the Merchants' National Bank merged with the Bank of the Manhattan Company (the earliest of the predecessor institutions that eventually formed the current JPMorgan Chase & Co.), which was established in 1799 by Aaron Burr. The merger became effective on March 27, 1920. Merchants' president, Raymond E. Jones, became vice president and second in command of the combined institutions.

The capital stock of the Merchants Bank at the time of its merger into The Manhattan Company was $3,000,000 consisting of 30,000 shares of the par value of $100 each all of which were listed upon the New York Stock Exchange. On March 1, 1920, the Bank then known as The Merchants' National Bank of the City of New York, was converted from a national bank into a state bank under the name of The Merchants' Bank of the City of New York.

### 42 Wall Street

Since its establishment, the Bank occupied 42 Wall Street next door to the Manhattan Company (and its bank). In 1839, they constructed a new building. That building was torn down and in 1883, foundation work began on a new building in the same location. Construction of the Merchants' National Bank building was completed in 1885. The building stood after the bank's 1920 merger until it was also demolished in 1929 to make way for the banks combined headquarter's at 40 Wall Street.

## List of presidents of Merchants' National Bank

## InfoBox

The Merchants' National Bank of New York
| Company type | Public |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Banking |
| Founded | April 7, 1803 (1803-04-07) |
| Defunct | 1920 |
| Fate | Merged with Bank of the Manhattan Company |
| Successor | JPMorgan Chase |
| Headquarters | 42 Wall Street, New York City, New York, United States |
| Area served | New York |
| Key people | Oliver Wolcott Jr., Joshua Sands, Richard Varick |
| Products | Financial services |


title: Herman Dohrmann

abstract: Herman Joseph Dohrmann was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Dohrmann played with various clubs prior to Carlton, including Carlton Juniors, Collingwood (VFA), and Nth Melbourne (VFA) and Perth (WAFL).

text:
# Herman Dohrmann

**Herman Joseph Dohrmann** (7 September 1873  30 October 1957) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Dohrmann played with various clubs prior to Carlton, including Carlton Juniors, Collingwood (VFA), and Nth Melbourne (VFA) and Perth (WAFL).

## InfoBox

| Herman Dohrmann | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dohrmann in 1896 during his Collingwood VFA career | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Herman Joseph Dohrmann | | |
| Date of birth | (1873-09-07)7 September 1873 | | |
| Place of birth | Melbourne, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 30 October 1957(1957-10-30) (aged 84) | | |
| Place of death | Brunswick East, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Perth | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1898–1899 | Carlton | 12 (2) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1899. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Potterhanworth Wood

abstract: Potterhanworth Wood is a 32.0 hectare woodland, close to the village of Potterhanworth in North Kesteven, Lincolnshire, England. Potterhanworth was known as Potter Hanworth until the 1950s. The site was notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1968. The site is also listed in the Nature Conservation Review.

text:
# Potterhanworth Wood

**Potterhanworth Wood** (grid reference TF070670) is a 32.0 hectare woodland, close to the village of Potterhanworth in North Kesteven, Lincolnshire, England. Potterhanworth was known as Potter Hanworth until the 1950s.  The site was notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1968. The site is also listed in the Nature Conservation Review.

## Site description

Potterhanworth Wood is adjacent to the now drained fenland of the Witham Valley. The dominant canopy tree is small-leaved lime (*Tilia cordata*); in places the wood consists of pure stands of this species, but elsewhere a variety of other common trees occur. Historically, the site is known to have been continuously wooded and it has a long history of management using the coppice-with-standards technique.

Wild service-tree (*Sorbus torminalis*) is found in the wood. The ground flora contains a large number of ancient woodland indicator species.

18th-century enclosure maps of Potterhanworth show that the modern Potterhanworth Wood was then much larger consisting of Norman Hagg Wood in the south, Great Wood in the middle and Quern or Queen Dike Wood in the north.

## Invertebrates

The poplar lutestring moth occurs here.

## Birds

The wood supports a breeding bird community characteristic of ancient woodlands, including woodcock, and it also contains a small heronry.

53°11′22″N 0°24′00″W / 53.18934°N 0.40004°W / 53.18934; -0.40004


title: Montpelier station (Vermont)

abstract: Montpelier station, also known as Montpelier–Berlin station and Montpelier Junction, is a railroad station in Berlin, Vermont, United States. It is served by Amtrak's Vermonter line and provides service to the nearby cities of Montpelier and Barre. A railroad station has stood at this site since the mid-19th century. Originally a freight stop for wood, the Vermont Central Railroad (VCR) established a junction station for passengers known as Montpelier Junction in 1849. That year, VCR built a branch line to downtown Montpelier, providing service to Vermont's capital. The current station was built in 1934 by the Central Vermont Railway, VCR's successor. It is likely the third station building on the site. Regular service on the Montpelier branch was discontinued in 1938 and replaced with a bus line. Service to Montpelier Junction ended altogether in 1966. In 1972, Amtrak restored service to the station on the Montrealer line, which was later replaced by the Vermonter when service to Montreal ended.

text:
# Montpelier station (Vermont)

**Montpelier station**, also known as **MontpelierBerlin station** and **Montpelier Junction**, is a railroad station in Berlin, Vermont, United States. It is served by Amtrak's *Vermonter* line and provides service to the nearby cities of Montpelier and Barre.

A railroad station has stood at this site since the mid-19th century. Originally a freight stop for wood, the Vermont Central Railroad (VCR) established a junction station for passengers known as Montpelier Junction in 1849. That year, VCR built a branch line to downtown Montpelier, providing service to Vermont's capital. The current station was built in 1934 by the Central Vermont Railway, VCR's successor. It is likely the third station building on the site.

Regular service on the Montpelier branch was discontinued in 1938 and replaced with a bus line. Service to Montpelier Junction ended altogether in 1966. In 1972, Amtrak restored service to the station on the *Montrealer* line, which was later replaced by the *Vermonter* when service to Montreal ended.

Media related to Montpelier station (Vermont) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Montpelier, VT | |
| --- | --- |
| MontpelierBerlin station in July 2006 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 297 Junction Road
Berlin, Vermont
United States |
| Coordinates | 44°15′20″N 72°36′23″W / 44.25568°N 72.60640°W / 44.25568; -72.60640 |
| Line(s) | New England Central Railroad |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | Amtrak: MPR |
| History | |
| Rebuilt | 1934 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY 2023 | 6,882 (Amtrak) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Amtrak Following station  Randolphtoward Washington, D.C.  *Vermonter*  Waterburytoward St. Albans | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station  Amtrak Following station  White River Junctiontoward Washington, D.C.  *Montrealer*  Waterburytoward Montreal  Preceding station Central Vermont Railway Following station  Rivertontoward New London  Main Line  Middlesextoward St. Johns  *Terminus*  Barre Subdivision  Montpeliertoward Barre | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Harold Dahl (basketball)

abstract: Harold Kenneth Dahl was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Oshkosh All-Stars and averaged 0.8 points per game.

text:
# Harold Dahl (basketball)

**Harold Kenneth Dahl** (October 19, 1923 – April 1, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Oshkosh All-Stars and averaged 0.8 points per game.

## InfoBox

Harold Dahl
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1923-10-19)October 19, 1923
Oshkosh, Wisconsin |
| Died | April 1, 2015(2015-04-01) (aged 91)
Oshkosh, Wisconsin |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) |
| Listed weight | 190 lb (86 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | St. Mary's (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) |
| Position | Forward |
| Career history | |
| 1941–1944 | Oshkosh All-Stars |
|  | |


title: Virginia State Route 737

abstract: State Route 737 in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 737.

text:
# Virginia State Route 737

**State Route 737** (**SR 737**) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 737.

## List

| County | Length
(mi) | Length
(km) | From | Via | To | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Accomack | 0.10 | 0.16 | SR 692 (Savannah Road) | Ross Road | SR 700 (Messongo Road) |  |
| Albemarle | 2.00 | 3.22 | SR 6 (Irish Road) | Mountain Vista Road | SR 6/SR 20 (Valley Street) |  |
| Amherst | 0.40 | 0.64 | Dead End | C & O Lane | Nelson County line |  |
| Augusta | 1.80 | 2.90 | SR 736 (Jennings Gap Road) | Dry Den Road | SR 42 (Scenic Highway) |  |
| Bedford | 5.23 | 8.42 | SR 608 (White House Road) | Ayers Road | SR 732 (Headens Bridge Road) |  |
| Botetourt | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 779 (Catawba Road) | Hogan Hollow Road | Dead End |  |
| Campbell | 3.10 | 4.99 | SR 651 (Bear Creek Road) | Wheeler Road | SR 656 (Plum Branch Road) |  |
| Carroll | 4.35 | 7.00 | SR 94 (Ivanhoe Road) | Swinney Hollow Road

Buck Dam Road | Dead End | Gap between a dead end and SR 602 |
| Chesterfield | 0.60 | 0.97 | SR 604 (Courthouse Road) | Doublecreek Court

Reycan Road | SR 701 (Whitepine Road) | Gap between dead ends |
| Dinwiddie | 1.60 | 2.57 | SR 665 (Walkers Mill Road) | Booth Road | SR 626 (Flatfoot Road) |  |
| Fauquier | 5.25 | 8.45 | Dead End | Ernest Robinson Road

Conde Road | Dead End | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 732 |
| Franklin | 4.48 | 7.21 | SR 641 (Callaway Road) | Deyerle Knob Road

Hickman Road | SR 734 (Hopkins Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 643 |
| Frederick | 0.51 | 0.82 | Dead End | Wise Mill Lane | SR 640 (Grim Road) |  |
| Halifax | 4.50 | 7.24 | SR 602 (North Fork Church Road) | Hudson Road | SR 601 (Bucksheal Road) |  |
| Hanover | 0.60 | 0.97 | US 360 (Mechanicsville Turnpike) | Westhaven Drive | Dead End |  |
| Henry | 0.47 | 0.76 | SR 1140 (Sunrise Avenue) | April Boulevard | SR 799 (Dexter Street) |  |
| James City | 0.95 | 1.53 | SR 716 (South Riverside Drive) | Canal Street

Osprey Drive | SR 1014 (Otey Drive) |  |
| Loudoun | 0.82 | 1.32 | SR 719 (Greengarden Road) | Piney Swamp Road | Dead End |  |
| Louisa | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 208 (Courthouse Road) | Pleasant View Drive | Dead End |  |
| Mecklenburg | 5.30 | 8.53 | North Carolina state line | Nelson Church Road | SR 602 (White House Road) |  |
| Montgomery | 1.26 | 2.03 | Dead End | Thomas Lane | SR 685 (Prices Fork Road) |  |
| Prince William | 0.11 | 0.18 | SR 636 (Featherstone Road) | Sycamore Street | SR 735 (Walnut Street) |  |
| Roanoke | 0.80 | 1.29 | Dead End | Gladden Road | SR 639 (Harborwood Road) |  |
| Rockbridge | 0.30 | 0.48 | US 11 (Lee Highway) | Dog Town Loop | US 11 (Lee Highway) |  |
| Rockingham | 3.50 | 5.63 | SR 752 (Hinton Road/Rushville Road) | Rushville Road

Limestone Lane

Cannery Woods Drive | SR 738 (Dry River Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 736

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 257 |
| Scott | 0.04 | 0.06 | SR 735 (Boone Street) | Clinch Street | Dead End |  |
| Shenandoah | 1.50 | 2.41 | US 11 (Old Valley Pike) | Cedar Lane | SR 620 (Smith Creek Road) |  |
| Stafford | 0.08 | 0.13 | Dead End | Jay Road | SR 730 (Lake Shore Drive) |  |
| Tazewell | 0.60 | 0.97 | Dead End | Sluss Hollow Road | SR 659 (Exhibit Mine Road) |  |
| Washington | 2.55 | 4.10 | US 11 (Lee Highway) | College Drive | Dead End | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 609 |
| Wise | 0.14 | 0.23 | SR 656 | Unnamed road | Dead End |  |
| York | 0.28 | 0.45 | Dead End | Unnamed road | SR 645 (Airport Road) |  |

## InfoBox

| State Route 737 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |