title: Mo So massacre

abstract: The Mo So Massacre, also known as the Christmas Eve Massacre, was a mass killing of civilians that occurred on the afternoon of December 24, 2021, in Hpruso Township in Kayah State, Myanmar. During the massacre, Myanmar Army troops killed and burned over forty people. The following day, the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) found the victims burned in their vehicles. The incident was condemned by the United Nations, Save the Children, and the United States Embassy in Myanmar.

text:
# Mo So massacre

The **Mo So Massacre,** also known as the **Christmas Eve Massacre**, was a mass killing of civilians that occurred on the afternoon of December 24, 2021, in Hpruso Township in Kayah State, Myanmar. During the massacre, Myanmar Army troops killed and burned over forty people.

The following day, the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) found the victims burned in their vehicles. The incident was condemned by the United Nations, Save the Children, and the United States Embassy in Myanmar.

## Incident

More than a hundred soldiers from the Myanmar Army's Light Infantry Division 66 traveled from Demoso to Hpruso, where they engaged individuals driving on the Moso-Koi Ngan Road. Four members of the Karenni National People's Liberation Front(KNPLF), an ethnic armed organisation then under Border Guard Forces, arrived on the scene and attempted to negotiate for the release of the detainees. The soldiers shot and killed those from KNPLF, who were first beaten with their hands tied behind their backs. The Myanmar Army troops then ransacked the victims and their belongings.

Next, members of the Myanmar Army tortured and arrested local villagers and stole their private property. The commander of the KNDF Brigade 4 spotted vehicle fires by 4:30 UTC (11:00 MYT) on December 24 but did not see the burning bodies at the time because of the intensity of the fire.

Upon securing the scene on December 25, the KNDF found the victims' bodies burned to ashes or charred beyond recognition, both in their vehicles and on the ground beside them. More than twelve vehicles were burned, including three large petroleum trucks, three cars, two tractors, and five motorcycles. The vehicles were also looted for food, medication, and gasoline. The KNDF reported finding the victims' clothing scattered about the scene. It took two days to collect the remains because the soldiers continuously shelled the area.

On December 27, the KNDF reported that over thirteen individuals were missing after the incident, including eight people from Loikaw who worked in a petrol station and three others believed to be on the roadway where the massacre occurred. Two staff from the humanitarian organization Save the Children were missing after being caught in the incident. Their vehicles were found burned, and the workers were later confirmed dead. Khue Li Reh, a forest ranger, was also believed by police to be another victim because his burned motorcycle was found at the scene. Other victims were the drivers of trucks for a local petrol company.

Ten days after the massacre, the Karenni State Police held a press conference, announcing that there were 31 bodies, five female and 26 male, as well as three large garbage bags of human remains turned to ash. Although autopsies were conducted, it was almost impossible to identify the victims. The autopsies revealed that one victim was a girl around the age of ten. Some victims were gagged with their hands tied behind their backs at the time of their death.

The KNDF identified the Myanmar military junta as the principal culprit of the looting and killings. According to Myanmar's state government, their soldiers killed an unknown number of people in seven vehicles from Koi Ngan that failed to stop at a security checkpoint. The soldiers referred to the victims as "terrorists with weapons" who shot at the soldiers before they were "captured dead". The soldiers stated that the vehicles contained "recruits for terrorist training" and caught on fire during the shooting.

Later, the military junta’s Brig-General Zaw Min Tun said that a group of some twenty gunmen attacked his troops. He noted that 25 bodies were found and that the vehicles caught on fire during the shooting.

However, the KNDF noted that most of the victims were local villagers who did not have firearms, including four children. In addition, the police noted that most victims were shot in the head, none were found in the driver's seat of the vehicles, and none of the vehicles were moving when they caught on fire. One doctor who examined the victims' bodies noted, “They killed innocent civilians and burned the bodies to destroy the evidence of their crime."

## Reactions

### Within Myanmar

Fifty-nine civil organizations across Myanmar condemned the massacre, promising "they will stand with Karenni People to get justice". The Myanmar government, meanwhile, refused to comment on the incident. Save the Children temporarily suspended operations parts of Myanmar after the attack. The National Unity Government of Myanmar condemned the incident, tweeting that the international community must "act immediately & decisively to end the military junta’s escalating war crimes & crimes against humanity."

### International

The United Nations Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Martin Griffiths, said it was a "horrific" incident and that the Government of Myanmar must investigate the massacre. The American embassy in Myanmar also condemned the massacre, deeming it "barbaric" and demanding that the government "immediately cease its indiscriminate attacks in Karen State and throughout the country and ensure the safety of all civilians in line with international law.”

In the aftermath of the massacre, the European Union called for international arms embargo on Myanmar’s military regime.

In February 2022, the European Union sanctioned two Burmese generals - Ni Lin Aung, the commander of the Eastern Command and Aung Zaw Aye, commander of the Bureau of Special Operations No. 2 - for their leadership role in the massacre. The Eastern Command's Light Infantry Battalions (LID) 531 and 66, which are under the direct purview of Ni Lin Aung and Aung Zaw Aye, were implicated in the massacre. In August 2022, Human Rights Watch reported that Tin Soe, a brigadier general who had been based in the Eastern Command during the massacre, had been trained by the Japan Self-Defense Forces. In September 2022, the Japanese government announced it was suspending training programs for the Burmese military.

The killing of four KNPLF soldiers angered members of the organization. Units from the organisation defected on 13 June 2023.

## InfoBox

| Mo So massacre | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Myanmar civil war | |
| Site of massacreSite of massacre (Myanmar) | |
| Location | Mo So, Hpruso Township, Kayah State |
| Date | December 24, 2021 |
| Deaths | 44  ---  * 40 civilians * 4 military troops * 13 missing |
| Perpetrators | Myanmar Army<br>including Aung Zaw Aye and Ni Lin Aung |


title: Tiempagora

abstract: Tiempagora is a village in the Banfora Department of Comoé Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 907.

text:
# Tiempagora

**Tiempagora** is a village in the Banfora Department of Comoé Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 907.

## InfoBox

| Tiempagora | |
| --- | --- |
| TiempagoraLocation in Burkina Faso | |
| Coordinates: 10°25′N 4°48′W / 10.417°N 4.800°W / 10.417; -4.800 | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Cascades Region |
| Province | Comoé Province |
| Department | Banfora Department |
| Population (2005 est.) | |
| Total | 907 |


title: Rata Harrison

abstract: Rata Wiremu Harrison was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand. He was the brother of fellow New Zealand international Billy Harrison.

text:
# Rata Harrison

**Rata Wiremu Harrison** (3 January 1935 – 30 April 2013) was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand.

He was the brother of fellow New Zealand international Billy Harrison.

## Playing career

Harrison played for Auckland. He played in two test matches for New Zealand in 1961, against France.

On 13 August 1962, Harrison was part of the Auckland side who defeated Great Britain 46-13 at Carlaw Park. This was the first televised rugby league match in New Zealand, as one hour of edited highlights were shown on AKTV2 that night and other regional channels showed the highlights the following week.

Harrison died on 30 April 2013.

## InfoBox

| Rata Harrison | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Rata Wiremu Harrison
(1935-01-03)3 January 1935
New Zealand |
| Died | 30 April 2013(2013-04-30) (aged 78)
New Zealand |
| Relatives | Billy Harrison (brother) |
| Rugby league career | |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Prop |
| Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1961–1962 Auckland       1961 New Zealand 2 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |
|  | |


title: Nardini (grappa)

abstract: Nardini is an Italian grappa. It has been produced and bottled in Bassano del Grappa, in the northeastern part of Italy, since 1779. Nardini has two distilleries and a bottling facility. It has 25% of the total market share and an annual production of 4 million bottles which are exported to markets including China, Australia, the United States and Japan.

text:
# Nardini (grappa)

**Nardini** is an Italian *grappa*. It has been produced and bottled in Bassano del Grappa, in the northeastern part of Italy, since 1779.

Nardini has two distilleries and a bottling facility. It has 25% of the total market share and an annual production of 4 million bottles which are exported to markets including China, Australia, the United States and Japan.

## History

The founder of the distillery was Bortolo Nardini who purchased, in April 1779, an inn at the eastern entrance of the wooden covered Bassano bridge, on the Brenta river bank. The inn became the “Grapperia Nardini”, strategically located for both the ample water supply, a necessary element in the distillation process, as well as its accessibility to the local regional markets, principally Venice in primis.

The grappa produced by Nardini not only appealed to the taste of the Bassanese population but also to that of the business travelers passing through the area at that time. In less than twenty years it became a tradition to have a “cicheto” (local gaged shot-glass) of grappa before barging down to Venice or to celebrate the closing of a commercial deal.

The grapperia Nardini is preserved in its original state allowing it to be included in the exclusive Association of Historical Places of Italy.

In 2004 the Nardini family celebrate its 225th year by unveiling the architectural work Bolle, which was commissioned three years earlier from the architect Massimiliano Fuksas.

## Facilities

The distillery is part of Les Hénokiens, an international club made up of family companies that are at least 200 years old. At the present time the company is managed by Giuseppe, Cristina, Angelo, Antonio and Leonardo Nardini.


title: Platyptilia profunda

abstract: Platyptilia profunda is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Honshu island of Japan. The length of the forewings is 11–14 mm. The larvae feed on Senecio nemorensis.

text:
# Platyptilia profunda

***Platyptilia profunda*** is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Honshu island of Japan.

The length of the forewings is 11–14 mm.

The larvae feed on *Senecio nemorensis*.

## InfoBox

| *Platyptilia profunda* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Platyptilia* |
| Species: | ***P. profunda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platyptilia profunda***<br>Yano, 1963 | |
|


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Los Alamos County, New Mexico. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Alamos County, New Mexico, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 13 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Eight of these sites are also recorded on the State Register of Cultural Properties.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Los Alamos County, New Mexico

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Los Alamos County, New Mexico**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Alamos County, New Mexico, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 13 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Eight of these sites are also recorded on the State Register of Cultural Properties.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

**Contents:** NRHP in New Mexico by county
| Bernalillo Catron Chaves Cibola Colfax Curry De Baca Doña Ana Eddy Grant Guadalupe Harding Hidalgo Lea Lincoln Los Alamos Luna McKinley Mora Otero Quay Rio Arriba Roosevelt San Juan San Miguel Sandoval Santa Fe Sierra Socorro Taos Torrance Union Valencia |
| --- |

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bandelier CCC Historic District |  | May 28, 1987
(#87001452) | Off State Road 4
35°46′50″N 106°16′03″W / 35.780556°N 106.2675°W / 35.780556; -106.2675 (Bandelier CCC Historic District) | Bandelier National Monument | State Register of Cultural Properties (SRCP); extends into Sandoval County |
| 2 | Bandelier National Monument |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000042) | 12 miles (19 km) south of Los Alamos on State Road 4
35°46′32″N 106°19′06″W / 35.775556°N 106.318333°W / 35.775556; -106.318333 (Bandelier National Monument) | Los Alamos | SRCP; extends into Sandoval and Santa Fe Counties; boundary increased 12/10/14 |
| 3 | Bayo Road |  | November 7, 2003
(#03001141) | Approximately 420 feet northwest of the junction of Diamond Dr. and San Ildefonso Rd.
35°53′58″N 106°17′51″W / 35.899444°N 106.2975°W / 35.899444; -106.2975 (Bayo Road) | Los Alamos |  |
| 4 | Chupaderos Canyon Small Structural Site |  | November 7, 1990
(#90001585) | Address Restricted
 | Espanola |  |
| 5 | Chupaderos Mesa Village |  | November 7, 1990
(#90001583) | Address Restricted
 | Espanola |  |
| 6 | Grant Road |  | January 14, 2004
(#03001409) | From near junction of Diamond Dr. and San Ildefonso Rd. to near Guaje Pines Cemetery.
35°53′57″N 106°17′54″W / 35.899167°N 106.298333°W / 35.899167; -106.298333 (Grant Road) | Los Alamos | Historic homestead access route, now a hiking trail. SRCP Trails PDF |
| 7 | Guaja Water/Soil Control Site |  | November 7, 1990
(#90001582) | Address Restricted
 | Espanola |  |
| 8 | Guaje Site |  | December 7, 1982
(#82001049) | Address Restricted
 | Los Alamos | SRCP |
| 9 | Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000893) | Central Ave.
35°52′54″N 106°17′54″W / 35.881667°N 106.298333°W / 35.881667; -106.298333 (Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) | Los Alamos |  |
| 10 | Lujan Road |  | January 12, 2005
(#04001478) | Northeast of the junction of Diamond Dr. and San Ildefonso Rd.
35°53′49″N 106°16′52″W / 35.896944°N 106.281111°W / 35.896944; -106.281111 (Lujan Road) | Los Alamos | SRCP |
| 11 | Pajarito Springs Site |  | December 6, 1982
(#82001050) | Address Restricted
 | White Rock | SRCP |
| 12 | United States Post Office-Los Alamos, New Mexico |  | August 3, 2015
(#15000493) | 199 Central Park Sq.
35°52′54″N 106°18′04″W / 35.8817°N 106.3010°W / 35.8817; -106.3010 (United States Post Office-Los Alamos, New Mexico) | Los Alamos | SRCP |
| 13 | White Rock Canyon |  | May 18, 1990
(#90000717) | North of White Rock
35°49′39″N 106°12′05″W / 35.827500°N 106.201458°W / 35.827500; -106.201458 (White Rock Canyon) | White Rock | SRCP |


title: National Trade Union Promyana

abstract: The National Trade Union Promyana is a trade union centre in Bulgaria. It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

text:
# National Trade Union Promyana

The **National Trade Union Promyana** is a trade union centre in Bulgaria.

It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

* ICTUR; et al., eds. (2005). *Trade Unions of the World* (6th ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. ISBN 0-9543811-5-7.

## InfoBox

NTU Promyana
| National Trade Union Promyana | |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Location |  |
| Key people | Pancho Mutafchiev, president |
| Affiliations | ITUC |
| Website | www.promyana-bg.org |


title: Lee Shallat Chemel

abstract: Lee Shallat Chemel, sometimes credited as Lee Shallat, is an American film and television director and television producer. She began her professional directorial career at the South Coast Repertory theatre in Costa Mesa, California, while working at the same time as the head of the theatre's conservatory program. She also directed at the Shakespeare|Summerfest Orange County (originally the Grove Shakespeare Festival in Garden Grove, California and the Matrix Theatre in Hollywood. After a meeting with producer Gary David Goldberg, she made her television directorial debut in 1984 on the NBC television show Family Ties. Her career has included directing a multitude of shows including: Diff'rent Strokes, Murphy Brown, Mad About You, Suddenly Susan, Becker, Sydney, George Lopez, That's So Raven, Arrested Development, and The Middle, among other series. She has been nominated for three Emmy Awards, in 1992, 1994 and 1995. From 1996 to 1997, she directed twenty-three out of the first twenty-four episodes of Spin City. She became a producer in 1993, producing 30 episodes in the first two seasons of The Nanny, as well as 22 episodes of Gilmore Girls. In 2005, she directed the film Greener Mountains with a cast that included Kimberly McCullough and Curtis Armstrong. She has also directed a few television films.

text:
# Lee Shallat Chemel

**Lee Shallat Chemel** (born June 15, 1943), sometimes credited as **Lee Shallat**, is an American film and television director and television producer.

She began her professional directorial career at the South Coast Repertory theatre in Costa Mesa, California, while working at the same time as the head of the theatre's conservatory program. She also directed at the Shakespeare|Summerfest Orange County (originally the Grove Shakespeare Festival in Garden Grove, California and the Matrix Theatre in Hollywood. After a meeting with producer Gary David Goldberg, she made her television directorial debut in 1984 on the NBC television show *Family Ties*. Her career has included directing a multitude of shows including: *Diff'rent Strokes*, *Murphy Brown*, *Mad About You*, *Suddenly Susan*, *Becker*, *Sydney*, *George Lopez*, *That's So Raven*, *Arrested Development*, and *The Middle*, among other series. She has been nominated for three Emmy Awards, in 1992, 1994 and 1995. From 1996 to 1997, she directed twenty-three out of the first twenty-four episodes of *Spin City*.

She became a producer in 1993, producing 30 episodes in the first two seasons of *The Nanny*, as well as 22 episodes of *Gilmore Girls*. In 2005, she directed the film *Greener Mountains* with a cast that included Kimberly McCullough and Curtis Armstrong. She has also directed a few television films.

## InfoBox

| Lee Shallat Chemel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-06-15) June 15, 1943<br>Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Lee Shallat |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, television director, television producer |
| Years active | 1984–present |


title: Grand Prix de Saint-Raphaël

abstract: The Grand Prix de Saint-Raphaël was a single-day road cycling race held in the department of Var, France between 1953 and 1984.

text:
# Grand Prix de Saint-Raphaël

The **Grand Prix de Saint-Raphaël** was a single-day road cycling race held in the department of Var, France between 1953 and 1984.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1953 | Georges Decaux | Raymond Guégan<br>Kaj Allan Olsen |  |
| 1954 | Francis Anastasi | Pierre Molineris | Santiago Mostajo Gutierrez |
| 1955 | Louis Bobet | Pierre Molineris | Robert Vanderstockt |
| 1956 | Jacques Dupont | Seamus Elliott | Jean Stablinski |
| 1957 | Raymond Elena | Jean Bobet | Louis Caput |
| 1958 | Joseph Groussard | Fernand Picot | Seamus Elliott |
| 1959 | Francis Anastasi | Julien Schepens | Pierre Machiels |
| 1961 | Willy Haelterman | Joseph Groussard | Fernando Brandolini |
| 1962 | Gilbert Salvador | André Cloarec | Jean Bourlès |
| 1963 | Robert Lelangue | Robert De Middeleir | Michel Bocquillon |
| 1964 | Robert Lelangue | Frans Melckenbeeck | Alain Vera |
| 1965 | Seamus Elliott | Romeo Venturelli | Paul Lemeteyer |
| 1966 | Fernand Etter | Carmine Preziosi | Graziano Battistini |
| 1967 | Jean Jourden | Michele Dancelli | Jacques Cadiou |
| 1968 | Claude Guyot | Jacques Cadiou | Edward Sels |
| 1969 | Winfried Bölke | Jacques Cadiou | Jiří Daler |
| 1970 | Jacques Cadiou | Charly Grosskost | Roger Pingeon |
| 1971 | Michele Dancelli | Daniel Ducreux | Joël Bernard |
| 1972 | Serge Lapébie | Alain Van Lancker | Daniel Rebillard |
| 1978 | Alfons De Bal | Walter Godefroot | Sergio Parsani |
| 1979 | Roger Rosiers | Graham Jones | Didier Van Vlaslaer |
| 1980 | Jos Lammertink | Jean-Luc Vandenbroucke | Johan van der Meer |
| 1981 | Alain Bondue | Bernard Osmont | Dominique Arnaud |
| 1984 | Pascal Jules | Alain Bondue | Jean-Louis Gauthier |

## InfoBox

Grand Prix de Saint-Raphaël
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | Var, France |
| Discipline | Road |
| Type | One-day race |
| History | |
| First edition | 1953 (1953) |
| Editions | 24 |
| Final edition | 1984 |
| First winner | Georges Decaux (FRA) |
| Most wins | *(2 wins)* |
| Final winner | Pascal Jules (FRA) |


title: Mlele District

abstract: Mlele District is one of the five districts of the Katavi Region of Tanzania. Mlele District was formed in 2012 out of part of Mpanda District. The population in 2022 was 118,818.

text:
# Mlele District

**Mlele District** is one of the five districts of the Katavi Region of Tanzania.

Mlele District was formed in 2012 out of part of Mpanda District. The population in 2022 was 118,818.

## Administrative subdivisions

Mlele District is administratively divided into twenty-three wards:

* Ikuba
* Ilela
* Inyonga
* Itenka
* Kapalala
* Kasansa
* Kasokola
* Kibaoni
* Litapunga
* Machimboni
* Magamba
* Majimoto
* Mamba
* Mbede
* Mtapenda
* Mwamapuli
* Nsekwa
* Nsimbo
* Sitalike
* Ugalla
* Urwira
* Usevya
* Utende

6°35′24″S 31°45′54″E / 6.590°S 31.765°E / -6.590; 31.765

## InfoBox

| Mlele District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Mlele District of Katavi Region | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Region | Katavi Region |
| Area | |
| Total | 15,539 km2 (6,000 sq mi) |
| Population (2022 census) | |
| Total | 118,818 |
| Density | 7.6/km2 (20/sq mi) |


title: Tigershark PWC

abstract: Tigershark is a defunct subsidiary of Arctic Cat that produced personal watercraft (PWC) from 1993 until 1999. Tigershark PWCs were designed to be light, sporty and inexpensive, but early models had a reputation for poor build quality, and the brand suffered, despite significant improvements with the introduction of the 1997 models. The line was introduced in 1993 as a singular Tigershark model. Across seven years, the brand would consist of 20 offerings between two unique hull designs, three various lengths, and two engines in various trim and sizes. The initial hull design, referred to as the Tigershark Hull, was offered in three lengths, a sporty 8', more comfortable 9', and two passenger 10'. In 1998, Tigershark released their abbreviated TS Hull. This was available in a 9' and two passenger 10' lengths. Engine configurations included a 639 / 768 cc (39.0 / 46.9 cu in) liquid-cooled two-stroke Twin, or 846 to 1,100 cc liquid-cooled two-stroke Triples across the line.

text:
# Tigershark PWC

**Tigershark** is a defunct subsidiary of Arctic Cat that produced personal watercraft (PWC) from 1993 until 1999. Tigershark PWCs were designed to be light, sporty and inexpensive, but early models had a reputation for poor build quality, and the brand suffered, despite significant improvements with the introduction of the 1997 models. The line was introduced in 1993 as a singular Tigershark model. Across seven years, the brand would consist of 20 offerings between two unique hull designs, three various lengths, and two engines in various trim and sizes.

The initial hull design, referred to as the Tigershark Hull, was offered in three lengths, a sporty 8', more comfortable 9', and two passenger 10'. In 1998, Tigershark released their abbreviated TS Hull. This was available in a 9' and two passenger 10' lengths. Engine configurations included a 639/768 cc (39.0/46.9 cu in) liquid-cooled two-stroke Twin, or 846 to 1,100 cc (51.6 to 67.1 cu in) liquid-cooled two-stroke Triples across the line.

## Models

### Tigershark Hull design

* **Barracuda** (1994-1995) An 8', 385 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 72Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Daytona** (1994-1995) A 9', 410 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 72Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Daytona 1000 770** (1996-1997) A 9', 410 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 90Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Daytona 1000** (1997) A 9', 515 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 115Hp 999cc Suzuki Triple
* **Monte Carlo/640** (1994-1997) A 10', Two-passenger 560 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 62Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Monte Carlo 770** (1996-1997) A 10', Two-passenger 560 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 90Hp 768cc Suzuki Twin
* **Monte Carlo 900** (1996) A 10', Two-passenger 645 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 105Hp 896cc Suzuki Triple
* **Monte Carlo1000** (1997) A 10', Two-passenger 645 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 115Hp 999cc Suzuki Triple
* **Montego** (1994-1997) A 9', 415 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 62Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Montego DX/Deluxe** (1994-1997) A 10', Two-passenger 645 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 62Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Tigershark** (1993) A 9', 410 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 62Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **Tigershark 900** (1995) A 10', Two-passenger 645 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 100Hp 896cc Suzuki Triple

### TS Hull design

* **TS 640** (1998-1999) A 9', 405 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 62Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **TS 640L** (1998) A 10', Two-passenger 540 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 62Hp 639cc Suzuki Twin
* **TS 770** (1998-1999) A 9', 412 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 80Hp 768cc Suzuki Twin
* **TS 770L** (1998-1999) A 10', Two-passenger 560 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 90Hp 768cc Suzuki Twin
* **TS 770R** (1998) A 9', 470 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 90Hp 768cc Suzuki Twin
* **TS 900L** (1998) A 10', Two-passenger 645 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 105Hp 999cc Suzuki Triple
* **TS 1000L/LI** (1998-1999) A 10', Two-passenger 645 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 115 hp(L)/120Hp(LI) 999cc Suzuki Triple
* **TS 1000R** (1998) A 9', 515 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 115Hp 999cc Suzuki Triple
* **TS 1100R** (1999) A 9', Two-passenger 550 lbs (Dry Weight) Model featuring a 135Hp 1100cc Suzuki Triple

### Spirit Marine

Parent company Arctic Cat had attempted one previous foray into Water Sports, with subsidiary Spirit Marine. In 1978 they brought the **Wetbike** to the market, a straddled planing watercraft. A variation would be seen in the James Bond movie, *The Spy who Loved Me*, ridden by star Roger Moore. The machine was built by Spirit Marine and various licensed manufacturers until 1992.

## Lawsuit

In 2016, Tigershark was awarded $46.7 million for patent infringements related to off-throttle assisted steering technology. Initially awarded $15.5million by jury in the U.S District Court for the Southern District of Florida, a Judge ordered Triple Damages days later. The Jury voted unanimously against the defendant, citing willful infringement of all asserted claims.

## InfoBox

TS 1100R
| Manufacturer | Tigershark |
| --- | --- |
| Parent company | Arctic Cat |
| Production | 1999 |
| Predecessor | TS 1000R |
| Class | Sport PWC |
| Engine | 1,100 cc (67 cu in) liquid-cooled two-stroke single |
| Bore / stroke | 85 x 64.6mm |
| Top speed | \< 60 Mph |
| Ignition type | CDI |
| Transmission | axial flow jet pump w/ 148mm stainless-steel stator |
| Dimensions | L: 118 in.
W: 44.5 in.
H: 41 In.
 |
| Weight | 550 lbs. (dry)
 |
| Fuel capacity | 16 Gallons |
| Oil capacity | 5 Quarts |
| Related | MSRP; $7699.99 |
| **Footnotes / references**
References | |


title: Kelly Heaton

abstract: Kelly Heaton is a sculptor, scientist, perfumer, and spiritualist known for her combination of visual art with analog electrical engineering. She is the owner and perfumer for The Virginia Perfume Company.

text:
# Kelly Heaton

**Kelly Heaton** (born 1972) is a sculptor, scientist, perfumer, and spiritualist known for her combination of visual art with analog electrical engineering. She is the owner and perfumer for The Virginia Perfume Company.

## Education

Heaton received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1994, and her Master of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2000.

She was awarded a Jacob K. Javits Fellowship to attend the Master of Fine Arts program at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts. Heaton went on to study at the MIT Media Lab and graduated with a MS from MIT in 2000.

The subject of her Master's thesis was "physical pixels", a sculptural effort to liberate computer graphics from the flat screen of a computer monitor. Heaton's suite of prototypes included the "Digital Palette" for sequencing loops of colored-light animation, and "Peano", a system of reconfigurable blocks, each of which behaved as an RGB pixel. In 2001, her thesis work was awarded the L'Oreal Promotion Prize in the Art and Science of Color.

## Career

In the early 2000s, Heaton developed a reputation for complex, obsessive and often humorous installations involving technology. During her time at the MIT Center for Advanced Visual Studies, she worked with engineer Steven Gray to create her first major sculpture: "The Pool" of "Reflection Loop", a large concave slab embedded with 400 reprogrammed Furby dolls arranged in the pattern of water molecules. The Furby dolls were altered to mirror the presence of a viewer, creating a noisy, amusing and weird reflection of the audience until the robotic toys eventually "died" from excessive use. "Reflection Loop" was selected for the 2001 Annual Exhibition of the DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park in Lincoln, Massachusetts. Shortly thereafter, Heaton was offered her first solo exhibition in New York at Bitforms gallery.

Heaton went on to numerous shows and residencies, including the now-defunct Art Interactive in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a joint appointment with the Department of Computer Science and Department of Information Science and Information Studies at Duke University. In 2003, Heaton's installation "Live Pelt" premiered at Ronald Feldman Fine Arts in New York City. The central piece of the show was a coat ("The Surrogate") made from 64 used Tickle Me Elmo dolls that Heaton "trapped" on online auction while documenting every detail of her transactions with other eBay members. The acquired Elmo dolls were eviscerated for their furry pelts and laughing electronics, all of which Heaton re-engineered into a coat that giggles and quivers when touched, like a surrogate lover. Filmmakers Shambhavi Kaul and Joshua Gibson collaborated with Heaton to document the various personalities of her process.

In early 2004, Heaton moved to Switzerland, where she lived and worked until 2009 as a part-time innovation consultant for the Diabetes Care division of Roche Diagnostics. During this time, she co-authored several patents related to methods of data visualization for continuous glucose data. Heaton also taught herself analog electrical engineering and developed another body of work, "The Parallel Series".

Heaton's 2015 exhibition, "Pollination" involved sculpture, electronics, perfume, and mixed media art. The exhibition included "The Beekeeper", a floor-to-ceiling kinetic sculpture that Heaton referred to as "an energetic self-portrait".

## Personal life

Heaton lives in New York, NY.

## Solo exhibitions

* 2015 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "Pollination," September 12 – October 17.
* 2013 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "ADAA The Art Show 2013," Park Avenue Armory, March 6–10.
* 2012 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "The Parallel Series," September 8 – October 27.
* 2003 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "Live Pelt," September 6 – October 11. Howard Yezerski Gallery, Boston, MA, Dead Pelt, April 25 – May 27.
* 2002 bitforms gallery, New York, NY, "Reflection Loop," January 17 – February 16. 2001 MIT Council of the Arts, Cambridge, MA, Reflection Loop, October.

## Group exhibitions

* 2015 21c Museum, Louisville, KY, "The Art of Idea Festival," August 21 – October 11.
* 2013 The Science Gallery, Dublin, Ireland, "Oscillator," February 7 – April 14.
* 2011 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts at Seven, Miami Art Week, Miami, FL, November 29 – December 4.
* 2011 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "Taking Shape," June 25 – July 29.
* 2011 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "En-Garde II: omg," January 8 – February 5.
* 2010 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts at Seven, Miami Art Week, Miami, FL, En-Garde, November 30 – December 5.
* 2010 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "Resurrectine," May 15 – June 26.
* 2009 Lift09 Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, Lift09 Experience, February 25–27.
* 2009 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "BLACK&WHITEWORKS," June 6 – July 31.
* 2009 David Winton Bell Gallery, Brown University, Providence, RI, "Inappropriate Covers," April 11 – May 24.
* 2008 Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, NY, "Drawing Review: 37 Years of Works on Paper," November 22 – December 23.
* 2006 Ben Maltz Gallery at Otis College of Art and Design, Los Angeles, CA, "From the Island of Misfit Toys," February 11 – April 15.
* 2005 Esther M. Klein Art Gallery, University City Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, "The Americas," January 14 – February 25.
* 2004 Galeria Galou, Brooklyn, NY, "The Americas," September 9 – October 3.
* 2002 Borusan Art Gallery, Istanbul, Turkey, "Fetish: Human Fantastic," October 17 – November 30.
* 2002 Alysia Duckler Gallery, Portland, OR, "Toyland," Curated by Sean Elwood, September 5 – 28.
* 2001 The Mills Gallery, Boston, MA, "17th Biennial Drawing Show," December 15 – January 24, 2002.
* 2001 MIT Weisner Building, Cambridge, MA, Council of the Arts at MIT 29th Annual Meeting, October 25.
* 2001 DeCordova Museum, Lincoln, MA, "2001 Annual Exhibition," June 9 – September 3.
* 2000 The Hargate Center at St. Paul's School, Concord, NH, "Art in the 90s," January.
* 1999 MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, "Organic Form," December. Art Director's Club, New York, NY, Organic Information, April.
* 1998 MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, "Numeric Photography," December.
* 1998 The School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA, "Drawing Show," November.
* 1996 Durham Art Guild, Durham, NC, "40th Annual Juried Art Exhibition," November.

## Awards and grants

* 2002 Creative Capital Grant recipient
* 2002 LEF Foundation Grant recipient
* 2001 L'Oreal Promotion Prize in the Art and Science of Color
* 1997 Jacob K. Javits Fellowship for graduate study in Fine Arts

## InfoBox

| Kelly Heaton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1972 (age 5152)
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States |
| Alma mater | B.A. 1994 Yale University
M.S. 2000 MIT Media Laboratory |
| Awards | Jacob K. Javits Fellowship
L'Oreal Promotion Prize in the Art and Science of Color (2001) |


title: Platyptilia postbarbata

abstract: Platyptilia postbarbata is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

text:
# Platyptilia postbarbata

***Platyptilia postbarbata*** is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

## InfoBox

| *Platyptilia postbarbata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Platyptilia* |
| Species: | ***P. postbarbata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platyptilia postbarbata***<br>Meyrick, 1938 | |
|


title: Harogeri

abstract: Harogeri is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India.

text:
# Harogeri

**Harogeri** is a village in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India there were 122 households in Harogeri and a total population of 603 consisting of 305 males and 298 females. There were 104 children ages 0-6.

## InfoBox

| Harogeri | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Gadag |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayat raj |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 603 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
| Vehicle registration | KA |
| Website | karnataka.gov.in |


title: Hazmat Modine

abstract: Hazmat Modine is a musical group based in New York City and led by singer/songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Wade Schuman. Their music is rooted in blues and also touches on folk, jazz and World music. The most recent lineup of the band circa 2024 features harmonica, tuba, trumpet, saxophone, trombone, drums, banjo and guitar, and violin. As well as solo and harmony vocals. The band's name is a portmanteau of "hazmat," a shortening of "hazardous material", and "Modine", a brand of heater. It also evokes the name of the actor Matt Modine.

text:
# Hazmat Modine

**Hazmat Modine** is a musical group based in New York City and led by singer/songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Wade Schuman. Their music is rooted in blues and also touches on folk, jazz and World music. The most recent lineup of the band circa 2024 features harmonica, tuba, trumpet, saxophone, trombone, drums, banjo and guitar, and violin. As well as solo and harmony vocals.

The band's name is a portmanteau of "hazmat," a shortening of "hazardous material", and "Modine", a brand of heater. It also evokes the name of the actor Matt Modine.

## History

Founded in the late 1990s by songwriter Wade Schuman (vocals and harmonica, occasional guitar and other instruments), the band in their formative years also featured mainstays Joe Daley (tuba, sousaphone) and Randy Weinstein (harmonica). Other personnel varied considerably, including not only performers on guitar, drums and sax but also exotic oddities like cimbalom and bass marimba.

Their debut album was recorded over a five-year span and earned positive critical notice. Hazmat Modine was featured on the National Public Radio program "All Things Considered" on October 25, 2006, and on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation program "The Daily Planet" on May 29, 2006.

Their second Hazmat Modine album featured a more stable lineup, though Weinstein has parted ways with the band.

In 2013 Wade Schuman enlisted his friend Erik Della Penna to join the band as a guitarist, co-vocalist and songwriter. Schuman wanted the band to evolve into one that had more vocal harmonies; he was becoming more interested in the long tradition of American songwriting by the likes of Irving Berlin, Fats Waller, Doc Pomus, Hays & Porter. A live album followed in 2014, and a studio album in 2015.

Hazmat Modine has collaborated with Huun-Huur-Tu and Alash, both bands from Kyzl Tuva in Central Asia, Natalie Merchant, Kronos Quartet, Gangbe Brass Band from Benin, and Balla Kouyate from Mali.

## Critical reception

The band's first album, titled *Bahamut* and released in the US on the Barbès Records label, peaked at #12 on *Billboard*'s "Top Blues Albums" chart.

Reviewing the album for Allmusic, Jeff Tamarkin gave it four stars out of a possible five, and termed it a "stunning debut". Tamarkin praised the band for successfully fusing styles as disparate as blues, jazz, calypso, and ska into "music that sounds at once ageless and primeval, authentically indigenous and inexplicably otherworldly, familiar and unlike anything else." He also praised the group for making "listener-friendly music" that doesn't "require a degree in ethnomusicology to enjoy".

Pitchfork Media reviewer Joe Tangari gave the album's track "Everybody Loves You", a collaboration with Tuvan throat singers Huun-Huur-Tu, a four-star review. Characterizing it as "generalized roots music that takes from pretty much any roots it sees fit," he praised it as "true world music, weird and wonderful to the last note."

## Members

## Past or intermittent members

* Bill Barrett - harmonica
* Scott Veenstra - drums
* Randy Weinstein - harmonica
* Pete Smith - guitar
* Richard Livingston Huntley - drums
* Henry Bogdan \- lap steel guitar
* Michaela Gomez - Guitar, Lap steel
* Graham Hawthorne - Drums
* Rachelle Garniez - Vocals, Accordion
* Tim Keiper - Drums
* Kevin Garcia - Drums
* Bob Jay - Guitar
* Thor Jenson - Guitar
* Charlie Burnham - Violin
* Mazz Swift - Violin
* Scott Robinson - Reeds, horns

## Discography

| Title | Date of release | Record label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Bahamut* | August 2006 | Barbès Records (JARO in Europe) |
| *Cicada* | May 2011 | Barbès Records (JARO in Europe) |
| Hazmat Modine Live | May 2014 | JARO in Europe |
| Extra-Deluxe-Supreme | May 2015 | JARO in Europe and Barbès in the U.S. |
| Box of Breath | May 2019 & 2020 | JARO Medien GmbH & Geckophonic in the U.S. |
| Bonfire | 2023 | JARO Medien GmbH & Geckophonic in the U.S. |


title: Russell Lodge No. 284

abstract: The Russell Lodge No. 284, also known as the Jamestown Masonic Lodge, on Public Square in Jamestown, Kentucky, is a Masonic Hall which was built in 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is a two-story stone building. It has a 30 by 50 feet open area on its second floor. The first floor was renovated in 2019 and is currently the home of world famous Cumberland Guitars. Its 1993 NRHP nomination asserts that "In Kentucky, a rural state with limited ethnic diversity, fraternal organizations were the primary secular social group available to men. The building is significant to us today insofar as it helps us to understand the vital role that such civic groups played in the cultural life of localities."

text:
# Russell Lodge No. 284

The **Russell Lodge No. 284**, also known as the **Jamestown Masonic Lodge**, on Public Square in Jamestown, Kentucky, is a Masonic Hall which was built in 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

It is a two-story stone building. It has a 30 by 50 feet (9.1 m × 15.2 m) open area on its second floor. The first floor was renovated in 2019 and is currently the home of world famous Cumberland Guitars.

Its 1993 NRHP nomination asserts that "In Kentucky, a rural state with limited ethnic diversity, fraternal organizations were the primary secular social group available to men (Martin: 216). The building is significant to us today insofar as it helps us to understand the vital role that such civic groups played in the cultural life of localities."

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Russell Lodge No. 284 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Public Square, Jamestown, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 36°59′3″N 85°3′48″W / 36.98417°N 85.06333°W / 36.98417; -85.06333 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1939 |
| Built by | Crouch, Grover, & Son |
| Architect | Gaskins, Alvin |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements |
| NRHP reference No. | 93001586 |
| Added to NRHP | January 28, 1994 |


title: Mount Eliza Secondary College

abstract: Mount Eliza Secondary College is a public co-educational secondary school located in Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia. As of 2023 the school caters to approximately 750 students in years 7 to 12 from the local area. There is a minute range of course options available to choose from in VCE, VCE VM and VET courses as well as combinations of each. It has a strong international programme bringing new students to the school each year from abroad.

text:
# Mount Eliza Secondary College

**Mount Eliza Secondary College** is a public co-educational secondary school located in Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia. As of 2023 the school caters to approximately 750 students in years 7 to 12 from the local area. There is a minute range of course options available to choose from in VCE, VCE VM and VET courses as well as combinations of each. It has a strong international programme bringing new students to the school each year from abroad.

## About the school

The school's educational system is divided into two sub-schools, each focusing mainly on the two year levels assigned to them. In an attempt to increase the focus of students at Mount Eliza Secondary College, there is an enforced compulsory school uniform.

## History

Mount Eliza Secondary College was founded in 1975 with a staff of 16 teachers and just over 200 students. In 2015 the school celebrated 40 years since its opening.

## Houses

* Warringa, blue
* Manyung, red
* Kirrang, yellow
* Kimmuli, green

38°11′24″S 145°05′29″E / 38.1899°S 145.0913°E / -38.1899; 145.0913

## InfoBox

| Mount Eliza Secondary College | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 204 Canadian Bay Road
Mount Eliza, Victoria, 3930
Australia | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public, co-educational, secondary |
| Motto | Happy, Smart, Prepared |
| Established | 1975 |
| Principal | Danielle Vaughan |
| Years | 7 to 12 |
| Number of students | 750 |
| Slogan | Educated for excellence, prepared for life |
| Website | www.mesc.vic.edu.au |


title: Otto Erdmann (art director)

abstract: Otto Erdmann was a German art director. During the 1920s and 1930s he often worked alongside Hans Sohnle.

text:
# Otto Erdmann (art director)

**Otto Erdmann** (16 November 1898 – 23 January 1965) was a German art director. During the 1920s and 1930s he often worked alongside Hans Sohnle.

## Filmography

## Bibliography

* Chandler, Charlotte (2011). *Marlene: Marlene Dietrich, a Personal Biography*. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-8844-6.

## InfoBox

| Otto Erdmann | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1898-11-16)16 November 1898
Berlin, German Empire |
| Died | 23 January 1965(1965-01-23) (aged 66)
Berlin, Germany |
| Occupation | Art director |
| Years active | 1923–1961 (film) |


title: Gioventù bruciata (song)

abstract: "Gioventù bruciata" is a song by Italian singer Mahmood. It was released on 7 December 2018 by Island Records, as the fourth single from his debut studio album, Gioventù bruciata (2019). The song was written by Alessandro Mahmoud and Stefano Ceri. The song peaked at number 40 on the Italian Singles Chart.

text:
# Gioventù bruciata (song)

"**Gioventù bruciata**" (Italian for 'Wasted youth', also being the Italian title for *Rebel Without a Cause*) is a song by Italian singer Mahmood. It was released on 7 December 2018 by Island Records, as the fourth single from his debut studio album, *Gioventù bruciata* (2019). The song was written by Alessandro Mahmoud and Stefano Ceri. The song peaked at number 40 on the Italian Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Gioventù bruciata" was first released onto YouTube on 13 December 2018 at a total length of three minutes and seventeen seconds.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Italy (FIMI) | 40 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 35,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Italy | 7 December 2018 | Digital download | Island |

## InfoBox

| "Gioventù bruciata" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Mahmood | |
| from the album  *Gioventù bruciata* | |
| Released | 7 December 2018 (2018-12-07) |
| Genre | Contemporary R&B |
| Length | 3:17 |
| Label | Island |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Ceri |
| Mahmood singles chronology | |
| "Asia occidente"
(2018) "**Gioventù bruciata**"
(2018) "Soldi"
(2019) | |


title: Timkat

abstract:
Timket is an Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebration of Epiphany. It is celebrated on 19 January, corresponding to the 11th day of Terr in the Ge'ez calendar. Timket celebrates the baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan. This festival is best known for its ritual reenactment of baptism. During the ceremonies of Timket, the Tabot, a model of the Ark of the Covenant, which is present on every Ethiopian altar, is reverently wrapped in rich cloth and borne in procession on the head of the priest. The Tabot, which is otherwise rarely seen by the laity, represents the manifestation of Jesus as the Messiah when he came to the Jordan for baptism. The Divine Liturgy is celebrated near a stream or pool early in the morning. Then the nearby body of water is blessed towards dawn and sprinkled on the participants, some of whom enter the water and immerse themselves, symbolically renewing their baptismal vows. But the festival does not end there; Donald N. Levine describes a typical celebration of the early 1960s:
By noon on Timqat Day a large crowd has assembled at the ritual site, those who went home for a little sleep having returned, and the holy ark is escorted back to its church in colorful procession and festivities. The clergy, bearing robes and umbrellas of many hues, perform hymns and; the elders march solemnly, attended by middle-aged men singing long-drawn, low-pitched songs and hymns in their own manner; and the children run about with activities and may participate in the services. Dressed up in their finest, the women chatter excitedly on their one real day of freedom in the year. The young braves leap up and down in spirited dances, tirelessly repeating rhythmic songs. This celebration is also registered in UNESCO as an intangible heritage. When the holy ark has been safely restored to its dwelling-place, everyone goes home for feasting. This holiday is one of the greatest holidays if not the greatest. UNESCO inscribed Timkat in 2019 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

text:
# Timkat

**Timket** (Ge'ez: ጥምቀት *T’imk’et*) is an Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebration of Epiphany. It is celebrated on 19 January (or 20 in a leap year), corresponding to the 11th day of Terr in the Ge'ez calendar.

Timket celebrates the baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan. This festival is best known for its ritual reenactment of baptism (similar to such reenactments performed by numerous Christian the Holy Land when they visit the Jordan).

During the ceremonies of Timket, the Tabot, a model of the Ark of the Covenant, which is present on every Ethiopian altar (somewhat like the Western altar stone), is reverently wrapped in rich cloth and borne in procession on the head of the priest. The Tabot, which is otherwise rarely seen by the laity, represents the manifestation of Jesus as the Messiah when he came to the Jordan for baptism. The Divine Liturgy is celebrated near a stream or pool early in the morning (around 2 a.m.). Then the nearby body of water is blessed towards dawn and sprinkled on the participants, some of whom enter the water and immerse themselves, symbolically renewing their baptismal vows. But the festival does not end there; Donald N. Levine describes a typical celebration of the early 1960s:

> By noon on Timqat Day a large crowd has assembled at the ritual site, those who went home for a little sleep having returned, and the holy ark is escorted back to its church in colorful procession and festivities. The clergy, bearing robes and umbrellas of many hues, perform hymns and; the elders march solemnly, attended by middle-aged men singing long-drawn, low-pitched songs and hymns in their own manner; and the children run about with activities and may participate in the services. Dressed up in their finest, the women chatter excitedly on their one real day of freedom in the year. The young braves leap up and down in spirited dances, tirelessly repeating rhythmic songs. This celebration is also registered in UNESCO as an intangible heritage. When the holy ark has been safely restored to its dwelling-place, everyone goes home for feasting. This holiday is one of the greatest holidays if not the greatest.

UNESCO inscribed Timkat in 2019 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.


title: Kelly Henry

abstract: Kelly Henry is an American former professional tennis player.

text:
# Kelly Henry

**Kelly Henry** (born April 18, 1962) is an American former professional tennis player.

## Biography

Henry had a noted school career, winning three consecutive CIF Southern Section singles titles from 1977 to 1979, while attending Glendale High School in California.

As a 17-year old she made the third round of the 1979 US Open, getting past Emilse Longo and 16th seed Betty Stöve.

Henry was runner-up to Kathy Horvath in the girls' singles at the 1980 French Open.

From 1981 to 1984, Henry played college tennis for the USC Trojans. At the 1981 Summer Universiade in Bucharest, Henry won a bronze medal in the women's singles competition. She made a return to the US Open main draw in 1982 and had a first round win over former champion Virginia Wade, then lost in the second round to Chris Evert, who went on to win the title. In 1983 she was a member of USC's NCAA Division I Championship winning team.

## InfoBox

Kelly Henry
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | United States |
| Born | (1962-04-18) April 18, 1962<br>Glendale, California, U.S. |
| Singles | |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| US Open | 3R (1979) |


title: Hadi Yahya

abstract: Hadi Yahya is a Saudi Arabian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Qilwah.

text:
# Hadi Yahya

**Hadi Yahya** is a Saudi Arabian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Qilwah.

## InfoBox

Hadi Yahya
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Hadi Yahya Khamaj | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-04-03) April 3, 1990 | | |
| Place of birth | Saudi Arabia | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Qilwah | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2009–2015 | Al-Shabab | 15 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Al-Raed FC (loan) | 8 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Al-Faisaly | 1 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Al-Najmah |  |  |
| 2017–2019 | Al-Kholood |  |  |
| 2020–2023 | Wej |  |  |
| 2023– | Qilwah |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Piusstraße station

abstract: Piusstraße is an underground station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 3 and 4 in Cologne. The station lies on Venloer Straße, corner Piusstraße in the district of Ehrenfeld. The station was opened in 1989 and consists of a mezzanine and one island platform with two rail tracks.

text:
# Piusstraße station

**Piusstraße** is an underground station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 3 and 4 in Cologne. The station lies on Venloer Straße, corner Piusstraße in the district of Ehrenfeld.

The station was opened in 1989 and consists of a mezzanine and one island platform with two rail tracks.

## Notable places nearby

## InfoBox

| Piusstraße | |
| --- | --- |
| Piusstraße station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Venloer Straße, 50823 Köln |
| Coordinates | 50°56′45″N 6°55′35″E / 50.94587°N 6.92637°E / 50.94587; 6.92637 |
| Owned by | Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | VRS: 2100 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1989 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Cologne Stadtbahn Following station  Körnerstraßetowards Görlinger-Zentrum  Line 3  Hans-Böckler-Platz/Bf Westtowards Thielenbruch  Körnerstraßetowards Bocklemünd  Line 4  Hans-Böckler-Platz/Bf Westtowards Schlebusch | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Route map | |
| Location | |


title: Headquarters House (Boston)

abstract: William Hickling Prescott House, also known as the Headquarters House, is an historic house museum located at 55 Beacon Street on Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the left-hand portion of a double townhouse at 54–55 Beacon Street, seen in the photograph. The townhouse, built in 1808 to a design by Asher Benjamin, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 for its association with William Hickling Prescott (1796–1859), one of the nation's first historians. The house is now a museum operated by the Massachusetts chapter of the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America, which purchased it for its headquarters in 1944.

text:
# Headquarters House (Boston)

**William Hickling Prescott House**, also known as the **Headquarters House**, is an historic house museum located at 55 Beacon Street on Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the left-hand portion of a double townhouse at 54–55 Beacon Street, seen in the photograph. The townhouse, built in 1808 to a design by Asher Benjamin, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 for its association with William Hickling Prescott (1796–1859), one of the nation's first historians. The house is now a museum operated by the Massachusetts chapter of the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America, which purchased it for its headquarters in 1944.

## Description and history

Built in 1808, the twin houses were designed by architect Asher Benjamin. Still nearly mirror images of one another, they are four stories in height and three bays wide. The outer two bays of each unit are part of a rounded bay front, delineated by pilasters rising from the top of the first story porch to the roof. The porch is supported by a Doric colonnade, and follows the line of the rounded bays. The doorways are in the innermost bays, flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight.

The left side, 55 Beacon Street is named for William Hickling Prescott, a nearly blind historian from a prominent Boston family, who lived there from 1845 to 1859. Prescott had celebrated novelist William Makepeace Thackeray as a houseguest. That unit was acquired in 1944 by the Massachusetts chapter of the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America for use as its headquarters, a role it still serves. The Dames restored Prescott's study to its original state in 1968, based on historical documents.

The houses' original owner was James Smith Colburn, a successful Boston merchant. He commissioned Asher Benjamin to build the double town houses on land he purchased from the Mount Vernon Proprietors. Originally, the structures were free-standing and would have had a water view (before the filling of the area that is now the Boston Public Garden). They were the height of fashion in the Early Republic. Prescott purchased his house in 1845 and after his death, his wife sold it to cousins, the Dexters. They made significant changes to the house: updating the stairwell, adding an elevator and reconfiguring Prescott's library into a dining room.

The house was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1964, and was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 1966, for its association with Prescott, who gained a reputation for his books on Spanish (and Spanish colonial) history. His 1837 *History of the Conquest of Mexico* received great acclaim both in the United States and in Europe. Due to his blindness (caused by an incident during a bar brawl), he employed researchers and secretaries to acquire documents and prepare his manuscripts.

One of the two units (possibly both) is memorialized as a Victorian dollhouse at the Cayuga Art Museum in Auburn, New York.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| William H. Prescott House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Contributing Property | |
|  | |
| Of the two units depicted here, the Prescott House is the one on the left. | |
|  | |
| Location | 55 Beacon Street,
Boston, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°21′23.6″N 71°4′5.7″W / 42.356556°N 71.068250°W / 42.356556; -71.068250 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1808 |
| Architect | Benjamin, Asher |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| Website | William Hickling Prescott House |
| Part of | Beacon Hill Historic District (ID66000130) |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000765 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
| Designated NHL | December 29, 1964 |
| Designated NHLDCP | October 15, 1966 |


title: Harok family murder

abstract: The Harok family murder took place in the early morning of 22 May 2013 when four members of the Harok family were murdered in their home in Brno, in the Czech Republic. On 23 May 2013, the Czech police charged in absentia 20-year-old U.S. national Kevin Dahlgren, Veronika Haroková's cousin, with committing the quadruple murder. At the time he was charged, Dahlgren was on a flight bound for Washington, D.C.; he spent two years and three months in custody in the U.S., fighting extradition. He was extradited on 31 August 2015, becoming the first United States citizen extradited to the Czech Republic. Dahlgren, who denied responsibility for the murders, faced life in prison. In March 2016, the police closed their investigation; a month later, the State Attorney indicted Dahlgren for committing the four murders. Dahlgren was sentenced to life in prison on 20 July 2016; he appealed the verdict but in March 2017 the original ruling was upheld. On 11 January 2018 Dahlgren committed suicide in Valdice prison.

text:
# Harok family murder

The **Harok family murder** took place in the early morning of 22 May 2013 when four members of the Harok family (Veronika Haroková, her husband Martin, and their sons Filip and David) were murdered in their home in Brno, in the Czech Republic.

On 23 May 2013, the Czech police charged *in absentia* 20-year-old U.S. national Kevin Dahlgren, Veronika Haroková's cousin, with committing the quadruple murder.

At the time he was charged, Dahlgren was on a flight bound for Washington, D.C.; he spent two years and three months in custody in the U.S., fighting extradition. He was extradited on 31 August 2015, becoming the first United States citizen extradited to the Czech Republic. Dahlgren, who denied responsibility for the murders, faced life in prison.

In March 2016, the police closed their investigation; a month later, the State Attorney indicted Dahlgren for committing the four murders. Dahlgren was sentenced to life in prison on 20 July 2016; he appealed the verdict but in March 2017 the original ruling was upheld. On 11 January 2018 Dahlgren committed suicide in Valdice prison.

## Victims

The Haroks moved to the Brno-Ivanovice district in about 2005 and were described as quiet and polite by neighbors.

Veronika Haroková (aged 46) worked as a teacher of History and the Czech language, and was also a pupil counselor at a Brno grammar school. She was described as being well liked by the students. Her husband Martin Harok (aged 55), an entrepreneur, and their son Filip (aged 25), a Masaryk University student, were both members of the *Ukulele Orchestra jako Brno* band. The youngest of the victims, David (aged 16), was a student, described as a promising soccer player in the Czech media.

## Investigation

### Reconstruction of the murders

> From the absence of defensive marks on their bodies, it is clear that the victims were attacked in succession, not expecting the assault.
>
> Assertion of the Czech police in the extradition request (see below)

According to Czech media reports, the authorities reconstructed the case as follows:

In the early morning of 22 May 2013, a girlfriend of one of the sons left the house. At 6:40 AM, Veronika Haroková called the grammar school where she worked, saying that she had a bad headache and would take the day off. The police believe that she and two other victims were killed between this time and 8:00 AM, which was when Veronika Haroková's wristwatch stopped. A post woman arrived at the door shortly before nine. The doorbell was answered by Dahlgren, who accepted the mail. Two hours later, a cleaner came to the house, but was sent away by Dahlgren immediately after entering the hallway. Meanwhile, the fourth victim, David, who was at school, received text messages from Dahlgren's phone that they would go running after his return. David was probably murdered immediately after returning to the house around 12:30 PM.

Security cameras recorded Dahlgren leaving the house later in the afternoon. He took a taxi to the Vienna International Airport, 140 km (87 miles) away, reaching the airport at about 5 PM.

### Discovery of victims

Neighbors first noticed faint smoke in the afternoon of 22 May 2013; however it wasn't until shortly before 10:00 PM that day that they realised that the smoke was coming from the Harok family's garage. The neighbors entered the garage intending to extinguish what seemed to be a small fire only to find three charred bodies inside, whereupon they immediately alerted the authorities.

The victims were stabbed and slashed to death, each of them having dozens of stab- and slash-wounds in the head and face. The bodies of three of them were wrapped in cloth and set on fire. Due to the condition of the bodies the police were not immediately able to identify the victims.

### Arrest

The next day the Czech authorities issued an international arrest warrant for Dahlgren, who, it was later determined, had already passed through the passport control at Vienna International Airport before his name appeared in the international database. Subsequently, at around 1 PM, the Austrian authorities alerted the crew of Austrian Airlines flight OS93 of the arrest warrant. The flight, carrying Dahlgren, had left Vienna at 10:46 AM and was at the time flying over the United Kingdom. After considering an emergency landing or returning to Vienna, the pilots decided it would be safer to continue the flight. The cabin crew were instructed to pretend to not know anything about the suspect on the flight. Immediately after landing at Washington Dulles International Airport, the plane was boarded by U.S Customs and Border Protection Officers, who arrested Dahlgren and turned him over to the FBI.

The Czech police made it public that they considered Kevin Dahlgren the prime suspect only after his arrest in the US, citing fears that he might have learned about his "wanted" status while on board the airplane, and react by endangering other passengers.

### Kevin Dahlgren

Kevin Dahlgren was a 20-year-old native of Sacramento, California, where he graduated from Granite Bay High School, and was Veronika Haroková's cousin. He came to the Czech Republic three weeks prior to the killings to live with the Harok family. An acquaintance of Dahlgren's, identified only as Kyle K. by the Czech press reports, claimed that Dahlgren was trained in martial arts and had been expelled from a military school. Newspapers further alleged that Dahlgren was suffering with "psychological issues" and had been sent to the Czech Republic by his parents.

Dahlgren and Veronika Haroková had the same grandparents, who emigrated from Czechoslovakia following the 1948 communist coup d'état. During their flight, they left their 6-year-old daughter Ivana, Veronika's mother, behind. The initial plan to get her out of the country following their escape failed, and it wasn't until 20 years later that they could meet again. This is when Ivana first met her sister Sandy, Dahlgren's mother, who had been born in the United States. Veronika's and Sandy's families were in contact and started visiting each other after the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989.

The Harok family learned about Dahlgren's plan to come to the Czech Republic only a couple of days in advance, when he contacted them, saying that he had already bought an airline ticket and that he expected them to pick him up at the airport. Indeed, they picked him up in Vienna, accommodated him in their home and were generally taking care of Dahlgren, who did not speak any Czech.

According to the authorities, Dahlgren sent SMS messages to other people on the day of the killing. At 8:33, he supposedly messaged a Harok family friend that he planned to return to the US. He canceled a class with a student whom he was tutoring in English two hours later. At 15:14, he messaged another Harok family friend saying the family had left for Vienna and that he would follow them there.

The authorities further claim that Dahlgren had been boasting about having managed to get a knife on board the airplane that brought him to Europe, and that he was seen walking in the vicinity of the victims' house with a knife in his hand two days before the killings.

Dahlgren's former babysitter, Shauna Seymour, described him as a trouble-free person. According to Garry O'Dell, Dahlgrens' family friend, Kevin denied responsibility for the murders. Dahlgren claimed that he had gone jogging and found the bodies after returning to the house. Scared for his own life, he wanted to get away as fast as possible.

## Extradition proceedings in Virginia

> Five people are in the home. Four get killed. One flees. That alone, we submit, is probable cause.
>
> Assistant United States Attorney Patricia Haynes during extradition hearing, 12 September 2013

The Czech Ministry of Justice issued a request for preliminary custody of Kevin Dahlgren during the afternoon of 23 May 2013 on the basis of an international arrest warrant issued by a judge in the Municipal Court in Brno.

Dahlgren was arrested on the basis of the international arrest warrant immediately after landing in the United States on 23 May 2013. An application for Dahlgren to be placed in custody was brought by Assistant United States Attorney Patricia Haynes and approved by Magistrate Judge Theresa Carroll Buchanan the next day. The Czech authorities announced that they would seek Dahlgren's extradition. Under the Czech-US extradition treaty, they had 60 days to file a formal request (until 23 July 2013). Dahlgren was represented by Theodore Simon in extradition proceedings in Alexandria, Virginia.

While there have been numerous cases of extradition of third country nationals from either country to the other, there had never been a US citizen extradited by the US to the Czech Republic. According to the Czech Ministry of Justice, Dahlgren could not be prosecuted in the US for crimes committed abroad, and if not extradited, he would have walked free in the United States.

Dahlgren's legal representation had filed objections to the initial arrest, body search, and the handing over of Dahlgren's belongings to the Czech authorities. These objections were rejected.

The Czech Ministry of Justice filed the formal request for Dahlgren's extradition on 12 July 2013. Public Czech Television, which had obtained the 300 page extradition request from the US authorities, claimed that the evidence presented by the Czech police included the victims' DNA samples found on Dahlgren's clothing. The US authorities had already handed Dahlgren's belongings over to the Czech authorities, following his arrest in Washington, D.C.

The Czech police concluded that short trousers found in Dahlgren's suitcase had blood stains on them: the police alleged that "beyond any doubt, the blood was that of David Harok, and further with a very strong probability, also the blood of Martin Harok and Veronika Haroková. In the case of 25 stains examined, the blood could not have stained the short trousers merely from abrasion". The police had also secured a bloodied knife and a bar stool from the crime scene. However, according to the authorities, more weapons were used in the killings.

The extradition hearing took place on 12 September 2013 at United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia with Magistrate Judge Ivan D. Davis presiding. Concluding that the state needed to prove only probable cause, Davis ruled that Dahlgren could be extradited to the Czech Republic. The ruling, if upheld, allowed the US Department of State to only extradite him, while the Department of State would make its own decision whether to do so. Dahlgren's attorney, Theodore Simon announced that he would appeal the verdict. A court hearing in the matter that was supposed to take place on 8 May 2015 was adjourned. Another court hearing scheduled on 22 May 2015 - two years after the murders - was adjourned until 12 June 2015.

On 1 July 2015, the court in Virginia heard Dahlgren's filing for a writ of *habeas corpus* and decided that the detention was lawful. Dahlgren appealed the verdict. In August 2015, the court dealing with the extradition ruled that Dahlgren could be extradited without waiting for the verdict regarding his custody, and on 31 August 2015, Dahlgren was transported to Prague, becoming the first U.S. citizen extradited to the Czech Republic.

## Criminal proceedings in the Czech Republic

### Charges

After learning that their prime suspect had left the country, on 23 May 2013 the Czech authorities charged Kevin Dahlgren *in absentia* with committing the quadruple murder. If convicted, he could be sentenced up to life imprisonment. Court appointed attorney Richard Špíšek represented Dahlgren in the Czech murder proceedings.

Dahlgren was extradited to the Czech Republic on 31 August 2015. On the same day, the District Court in Brno held a hearing concerning Dahlgren's custody. The court refused Dahlgren's plea to be released on bail and ordered his remand. Dahlgren appealed the decision but the original ruling was upheld.

### Indictment

After lengthy psychiatric and psychological assessments of Dahlgren's mental state, which concluded that he was sane, the police officially closed the investigation on 21 March 2016 and recommended the State Attorney indict Dahlgren. The investigators claimed that there was no doubt about Dahlgren committing the murders; however, they failed to establish a motive. State Attorney Ludmila Doležalová subsequently indicted Dahlgren in April 2016. The case fell into the hands of judge Michal Zámečník, who presided over a panel consisting of himself and two lay judges. Dahlgren chose to remain silent during the investigation as well as during most of the court hearings.

According to the indictment, a combination of Dahlgren's personal attributes and situational motivations led him to commit the murders: he was emotionally unstable and narcissistic, and he became aggressive when he found himself unable to fulfill the expectations of his relatives.

### Trial

The first day of the trial consisted of personal testimonies of a number of witnesses, which included one of the victim's girlfriend who had left the house in the early morning before the murders, a mail carrier, house cleaner, neighbors who had entered the house in the evening after observing smoke, and other people who were text messaging either with the victims or with Dahlgren on the day of the killings. On the second day, more testimonies were, after the State Attorney's and Dahlgren's consent, read by the judge. This was followed by questioning of expert witnesses. According to a toxicology report, there were no drugs or alcohol in the blood of the victims. According to a sexologist testimony, Dahlgren was not a sadist, despite being interested in sadomasochism. His sexual orientation could not be determined due to his sexual immaturity.

The state attorney also presented Dahlgren's testimony before the FBI, given after his arrest in the US, in which he claimed that he got into a conflict with an unknown group of Russians or Romanians the night before the murders. After jogging the next morning, Dahlgren claimed to have found a note saying "we will find and kill you, American", after which he found the bodies in the house. Fearing for his own safety, he went to Vienna and flew to the US. Dahlgren's attorney declared the testimony inadmissible under Czech law due to the fact that there was no attorney present during the interrogation. Dahglren himself, through his interpreter, chose to remain silent on the issue, as he had also done when given a chance to cross-examine previous witnesses.

The afternoon hearing on the second day started by testimonies of pathologists. The youngest of the victims was incapacitated by a blow to the head with a blunt object, most probably a stone found by police, and subsequently stabbed multiple times, dying due to a cut throat. The father suffered 29 stab and slash wounds, including those made with an ax. Neither of the two victims could have been saved, even if given immediate aid, and both died within a minute of being attacked. The older son was murdered while lying in his bed, also suffering numerous stab and slash wounds to the head and neck. The mother suffered 29 stab wounds and died, most probably after several minutes, due to a stab wound to the neck. One stab wound hit her brain thus probably instantly incapacitating her.

A psychiatrist's testimony followed. While Dahlgren remained silent when questioned by police, he had cooperated with the psychiatrist who commented that she had examined Dahlgren several times longer than any other person before. According to her, Dahlgren suffered from mixed personality disorder, but not to such an extent he could be declared mentally ill during the murders. He had had a sexual relationship with a male classmate during his time in high school, and sexual relationships with women afterwards. Dahlgren had claimed to like animals more than people. Before going to Brno, Dahlgren was contemplating going to Africa instead in order to kill poachers there. In Brno, he first felt fine: however, later Mr. Harok Sr. started asking him to find a meaningful occupation, which meant that he was in the same position as back in the US. During repeated interviews with the psychiatrist, Dahlgren had spoken about his "internal voice" that told him what to do "in order to become a hero". This, however, did not reach a state of psychosis: according to the psychiatrist a person in the state of psychosis would not be able to commit the murders in the manner they were carried out (over several hours, with bodies being dragged to the garage, covered, and with an attempt to burn the house). The defense attorney criticized the psychiatrist claiming that American specialists found that he was suffering from bipolar-type schizoaffective disorder. The psychiatrist rejected that analysis, saying that she had spent more time with Dahlgren, collected much more data, and that Dahlgren had shown no symptoms of such a disorder during his long-term pre-trial custody.

The psychiatrist claimed that Dahlgren considered the Harok family a source of his stress, while he was indifferent to other persons including the girlfriend of one of the victims, a mail carrier, and a house cleaner who all made contact with Dahlgren either prior to or in between the killings. The psychiatrist was the first witness who was asked additional questions by Dahlgren; Dahlgren claimed he had been hearing voices in his head for two years every ten or fifteen seconds. Following this expert testimony, the defense attorney announced that the defense would order another expert witness testimony, while the judge adjourned the hearing until June 19.

Dahlgren was sentenced to life in prison on July 20, 2016, but appealed the verdict. In December 2016, the court asked for another medical opinion on Dahlgren's sanity. In March 2017, the original ruling was upheld.

## Death of Dahlgren

Dahlgren committed suicide in Valdice prison by hanging on 11 January 2018. An investigation of a prison guard who was on duty during Dahlgren's suicide and tasked with periodical checks of prisoners ended in June 2018 with no criminal charges.

49°12′00″N 16°37′00″E / 49.2000°N 16.6167°E / 49.2000; 16.6167

## InfoBox

| Harok Family Murder | |
| --- | --- |
| Place of murder, Harok family house | |
| Location | Zatloukalova 404/49a, Brno-Ivanovice, Czech Republic |
| Date | 22 May 2013 |
| Attack type | Mass murder |
| Weapons | Multiple knives, an ax, a stone |
| Deaths | 4 |
| Victims | * Veronika Haroková * Martin Harok * Filip Harok * David Harok |
| Perpetrator | Kevin Dahlgren |


title: Leela and the Genestalk

abstract: "Leela and the Genestalk" is the twenty-second episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 136th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central on August 7, 2013. The episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Lance Kramer. Leela develops a mutation which causes her to sprout tentacles all over her body, and ends up at a genetic engineering facility owned by Mom's Friendly Robot Company. The episode parodies many well-known fairy tales including Rapunzel, Chicken Little, and especially Jack and the Beanstalk among other references.

text:
# Leela and the Genestalk

"**Leela and the Genestalk**" is the twenty-second episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series *Futurama*, and the 136th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central on August 7, 2013. The episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Lance Kramer. Leela develops a mutation which causes her to sprout tentacles all over her body, and ends up at a genetic engineering facility owned by Mom's Friendly Robot Company. The episode parodies many well-known fairy tales including *Rapunzel*, *Chicken Little*, and especially *Jack and the Beanstalk* among other references.

## Plot

While riding a mechanical buggalo at Tex 1138's, Leela finds that she is breaking out in suction cups. Dr. Tenderman explains that due to a genetic condition, her body has begun a process called squidification, in which her limbs "will be gradually transformed into a slithering mass of tentacles." There is no cure and a very expensive surgery can only delay the symptoms for a few months. In spite of these drawbacks, the crew send Fry to sell the company ship to pay for the operation. At the market, a con artist buys the ship for two gigantic, magic beans that are supposedly a miracle cure for Leela's ailment. Back at headquarters, Farnsworth is so angry that he knocks the beans out of Fry's hands, causing them to fly out the window. The beans fall onto fertile soil, watered by a leaking pipe, and rapidly grow into a beanstalk that reaches to the clouds. Leela, not wanting to share her misery with her friends, decides to cut off contact with them and live in the sewer. As she opens the manhole leading to the sewer, she sees the new beanstalk and chooses to climb it instead.

At the top of the beanstalk, Leela finds a flying castle grounds occupied by colorful flying fish and a unicorn that eats them. She is captured by Mom's three sons and taken to Mom who explains that the castle is her genetic engineering facility, where she conducts experiments such as creating gigantic beanstalks for feeding the hungry. In spite of the arguably philanthropic nature of Mom's experiments, Leela is offended, considering the experiments to be crimes.

After the Planet Express crew realize that Leela is gone, Fry and Bender fly to Mom's facility to rescue Leela. They find Leela in the lab, where Fry is horrified to see Leela's entire body has been transformed into the mass of tentacles that Dr. Tenderman predicted. While trying to escape from the lab, Fry, Leela, and Bender encounter a giant bound to an operating table connected to medical machinery. Believing that he is suffering from Mom's genetic experiments, Leela frees the giant, who chases the escapees until they flee down the drain of the giant's bathroom sink. The drain carries the three back to the bridge of the facility, where Leela confronts Mom. In order to put a stop to the experiments, Leela causes the facility to fly out of control. As it nears the ground, it passes close by the Planet Express headquarters, to which Fry, Leela, and Bender jump to safety.

Back at Planet Express, Leela attempts to end her and Fry's relationship, believing there's no possibility that he wants to be with her after what she's become. Fry refuses, promising her that he doesn't care how she looks, she'll always be the woman he loves. Touched, she thanks him and they share a loving kiss.

Later, Mom drops by to thank Leela for helping her to "engineer the perfect bean", incorporating suction cups which prevent the stalks from collapsing under their own weight. Leela is still opposed to genetic engineering in principle. Mom attempts to sway her by re-introducing her to the giant, whom she has cured of hereditary gigantism and reduced back to a normal-sized man. Leela is still not impressed, but changes her mind when Mom announces that she can cure Leela herself. The episode ends with Fry and a cured Leela walking hand-in-hand through New New York City, which has been transformed into a jungle of giant beanstalks.

## Cultural References

* During the scene in the tower, Bender runs into a chained up Finn and Jake from the Cartoon Network show *Adventure Time*. Jake and Bender are both characters voiced by John DiMaggio.
* While climbing up the mass of tentacles up the tower, a parody of the Batclimb cameos from *Batman* occurs where Fry and Bender encounter Adam West's head jar on the body of a large bat and Burt Ward's head jar on a robot body as part of Mom's experiments.
* When Leela first meets Mom in the castle, she remarks "I am not an animal! I am a mutant being!" in reference to *The Elephant Man*.

## Reception

Alasdair Wilkins at *The A.V. Club* gave this episode a B−. Max Nicholson of IGN gave the episode a 7.7/10 "Good" rating, saying "This week's *Futurama* put a unique twist on the classic *Jack and the Beanstalk* fairytale." Sean Gandert wrote for *Paste* that this was a "fun, surprising episode" even though it wasn't as funny as most episodes.

1. Wilkins, Alasdair (August 7, 2013). "Futurama: "Leela And The Genestalk"". *The A.V. Club*. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
2. Nicholson, Max (August 7, 2013). "Futurama: "Leela and the Genestalk" Review". *IGN*. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
3. Gandert, Sean (August 8, 2013). "*Futurama* Review: "Leela and the Genestalk" (Episode 7.22)". *Paste Magazine*. Retrieved February 28, 2022.

## InfoBox

| "**Leela and the Genestalk**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Futurama* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 7<br>Episode 22 |
| Directed by | Lance Kramer |
| Written by | Eric Horsted |
| Production code | 7ACV22 |
| Original air date | August 7, 2013 (2013-08-07) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Episode features | |
| Opening caption | Spoiler Alert: Robots And Whatnot |
| Opening cartoon | "Rocketeers" (1932) |
|  | |
|
|


title: Otto Erdmann (painter)

abstract: Otto Wilhelm Eduard Erdmann was a German genre painter in the Rococo Revival style.

text:
# Otto Erdmann (painter)

**Otto Wilhelm Eduard Erdmann** (7 December 1834, Leipzig \- 9 December 1905, Düsseldorf) was a German genre painter in the Rococo Revival style.

## Biography

His father was the chemist, Otto Linné Erdmann. He began his artistic education at the Leipziger Akademie and later attended the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, followed by the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, where he studied with the genre painter, Ludwig von Hagn. In 1858, he settled in Düsseldorf, where he began to specialize in Rococo Revival paintings, largely set in a light-hearted court environment.

He was a member of the artists' association, "Malkasten", and sat on its board of directors for many years. He was also an amateur actor. In 1898, he was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle. In addition to his paintings, he created illustrations; notably for the inaugural edition of the Belgian journal, *L'Illustration Européenne* in 1870.

## Further reading

* Babette Marie Warncke: *Rokoko-Mode. Rokokorezeption in der deutschen Malerei des 19. Jahrhunderts*. Dissertation an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, S. 50 ff. (Online)
* *Erdmann, Otto*. In: Friedrich von Boetticher: *Malerwerke des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte*. Dresden 1891, Vol.1, pg.275


title: Gioventù

abstract: Gioventù is a painting by the Brazilian painter and designer Eliseu Visconti, from 1898. Visconti was educated in Paris and influenced by Impressionism, Art Nouveau and Symbolism. His work was to some extent a modern interpretation of these tendencies he got acquainted to in Paris. Visconti drew Gioventù in Paris in 1898. This artwork was painted in oil on a canvas; it measures 65 x 49 cm and is on display at the Rio de Janeiro National Museum of Art. The work was first exhibited at the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts, Paris, in 1899, under the title Melancolie. Still with that title, it conquered the silver medal in the Exposition Universelle of 1900, in Paris.

text:
# Gioventù

***Gioventù*** (*Youth* in Italian) is a painting by the Brazilian painter and designer Eliseu Visconti, from 1898.

Visconti was educated in Paris and influenced by Impressionism, Art Nouveau and Symbolism. His work was to some extent a modern interpretation of these tendencies he got acquainted to in Paris.

Visconti drew *Gioventù* in Paris in 1898. This artwork was painted in oil on a canvas; it measures 65 x 49 cm and is on display at the Rio de Janeiro National Museum of Art.

The work was first exhibited at the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts, Paris, in 1899, under the title *Melancolie*. Still with that title, it conquered the silver medal in the Exposition Universelle of 1900, in Paris.

## A hidden painting

A portable device, which works by X-ray fluorescence, allowed for an important revelation after being used in the *Gioventú* frame. Concealed under the young woman portrayed, a study was found for another screen by Visconti entitled *Recompensa de São Sebastião* (*Reward of Saint Sebastian*). The equipment that allowed this intriguing discovery was developed by the Brazilian researcher Cristiane Calza, during her doctorate, completed in 2007 at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The system is able to identify the time when a painting was painted, the composition of colors used by the artist, the existence of later touches and even falsifications.

*Recompensa de São Sebastião*, as well as *Gioventù*, was awarded an international exhibition, receiving the gold medal at the Universal Exposition at Saint Louis, in the United States, in 1904. In X-ray images, the angel crowning laurels the San Sebastian tied to a tree appears even more clearly than the girl of *Gioventù*. The painter seems to have changed his mind after the study because, instead of laurels, in the finished picture the angel puts a halo on the saint's head.

**Bibliography**

* "Revista Moderna": Magazine Litterario e Artistico. Paris, Anno III, nº 30, p. 238–242, abr. 1899.
* Catalogue. "Acervo MNBA – Collection Museum of Fine Arts". São Paulo: Banco Santos, 2002, p. 50, 86–89, 121, 130, 131.
* Catalogue. "Brazil Body & Soul". Nelson Aguilar, Emanoel Araujo, et al., curadoria. New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications/ Edward J. Sullivan, 2002, p. 15, 16.
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## InfoBox

| Gioventú | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Eliseu Visconti |
| Year | 1898 |
| Medium | oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 65 cm × 49 cm (26 in × 19 in) |
| Location | Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (MNBA), Rio de Janeiro |