title: Vestura

abstract: Vestura is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae erected by Charles Swinhoe in 1904. Its only species, Vestura minereusalis, was first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Borneo, Sumatra and Singapore.

text:
# Vestura

***Vestura*** is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae erected by Charles Swinhoe in 1904. Its only species, ***Vestura minereusalis***, was first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Borneo, Sumatra and Singapore.

## InfoBox

| *Vestura* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Calpinae |
| Genus: | ***Vestura***
C. Swinhoe, 1904 |
| Species: | ***V. minereusalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vestura minereusalis***
(Walker, \[1859\]) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Egnasia minereusalis* Walker, \[1859\] * *Zethes albonotata* Snellen, 1886 | |


title: Vesturbyggð

abstract: Vesturbyggð is a municipality located in the Westfjords in Iceland. In Vesturbyggð, there are Patreksfjörður with 721 inhabitants, Tálknafjörður with 261 inhabitants, Bíldudalur with 238 inhabitants and Krossholt with 19 inhabitants. The municipality is served by Patreksfjörður Airport and Bíldudalur Airport. On 28 October 2023, residents voted to unify with Tálknafjarðarhreppur. On 19 May 2024, Tálknafjörður municipality disbanded and the town joined the Vesturbyggð municipality.

text:
# Vesturbyggð

**Vesturbyggð** (Icelandic pronunciation: \[ˈvɛstʏrˌpɪɣθ\] ) is a municipality located in the Westfjords in Iceland. In Vesturbyggð, there are Patreksfjörður with 721 inhabitants, Tálknafjörður with 261 inhabitants, Bíldudalur with 238 inhabitants and Krossholt with 19 inhabitants. The municipality is served by Patreksfjörður Airport and Bíldudalur Airport.

On 28 October 2023, residents voted to unify with Tálknafjarðarhreppur.

On 19 May 2024, Tálknafjörður municipality disbanded and the town joined the Vesturbyggð municipality.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Vesturbyggð terminated all its twinnings in 2018.

Previously it was twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Vesturbyggð | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Skyline of Vesturbyggð | |
|  | |
| Location of Vesturbyggð | |
| Vesturbyggð | |
| Coordinates: 65°35′53″N 24°00′07″W / 65.598°N 24.002°W / 65.598; -24.002 | |
| Country | Iceland |
| Region | Westfjords |
| Constituency | Northwest Constituency |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Gerður Björk Sveinsdóttir |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,511 km2 (583 sq mi) |
| Population (1 August 2024) | |
| Total | 1,447 |
| Density | 0.9/km2 (2/sq mi) |
| Postal code(s) | 450, 451, 460, 465 |
| Municipal number | 4607 |
| Website | vesturbyggd.is |


title: Kahoona

abstract: The Kahoona is a character created by Frederick Kohner in his 1957 novel, Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas. As "Kahuna", the character appears in the 1959 film Gidget and in some of the television work involving the Gidget character.

text:
# Kahoona

The **Kahoona** (sometimes the **Great Kahoona**) is a character created by Frederick Kohner in his 1957 novel, *Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas*. As **"Kahuna"**, the character appears in the 1959 film *Gidget* and in some of the television work involving the Gidget character.

## In the novels

Gidget describes the Kahoona's first appearance:

> Just then the bamboo curtain to the hut was drawn open and this bum came out. What I mean, he wasn't a bum, but then he wasn't exactly the kind of guy that would drive a girl mad with desire either. He was on the oldish side—around the end of the twenties or so. You got the impression he had just got up or something. Of course all the surfers in enclosure wore only shorts or Hawaiian-print bathing trunks but this superannuated Huckleberry Finn had on a pair of jeans that were cut off just beneath the knees and looked more like an old rag bleached by the sun. He was a real tall guy with legs of unbelievable length. Jeez, he was tanned. You've never laid your eyes on a tan like that. Like one of those suntan oil ads you see in magazines—only more so. He had a beard growth of at least three days and he stood there and scratched his stubble and had this kind of empty gaze like he was full of booze.
>
> There was something about the way the other guys greeted him that told me he was a real hotshot.

Gidget and the Kahoona introduce themselves thus:

> ”Come along, kid,” he said. “What's your name?”
>
> ”It's Franzie,” I said. “From Franziska. It's a German name. After my grandmother.”
>
> ”Mine is Cass,” he said, real friendly, “from Cassius. After nobody.”

The Kahoona is a principal character in this novel and its immediate sequel, *Cher Papa*, alternately Gidget's friend, role model and potential love interest. He does not address or refer to Gidget by her titular nickname, but calls her Franzie or Angel. In the second novel, it is revealed that his last name is Jason, and that he served in the Korean War. In this novel Gidget becomes deeply infatuated with him. He does not appear in the subsequent novels, but is occasionally mentioned in passing, for example in the novelization *Gidget Goes Hawaiian*:

> "My friend the great Kahoona once told me that the sea is where we came in, and the sea is where we go out. We have crawled out of the sea and one day we're going to crawl back into it. That solution of salt is in our blood."

## In film

In the 1959 film *Gidget*, Cliff Robertson portrays the character (now spelled *Kahuna*); in this film his proper name is Burt Vail. Kahuna does not appear in *Gidget Goes Hawaiian* or *Gidget Goes to Rome*.

## In television

In the television sitcom *Gidget*, (episode three, *The Great Kahuna*), he is portrayed by Martin Milner, and the character's proper name is Cassius Kopp. Kahuna does not appear in *Gidget Grows Up* or *Gidget Gets Married*, but he is portrayed by Don Stroud in *Gidget's Summer Reunion* and *The New Gidget*.

## InfoBox

| the Kahoona | |
| --- | --- |
| Sandra Dee and Cliff Robertson in *Gidget* | |
| First appearance | *Gidget, The Little Girl With Big Ideas* |
| Last appearance | *The New Gidget* |
| Created by | Frederick Kohner |
| Portrayed by | Cliff Robertson
Martin Milner
Don Stroud |
| In-universe information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Occupation | Beach bum, Ski bum |
| Spouse | Buff (divorced) |


title: Jhadupudi railway station

abstract: Jhadupudi railway station is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It is situated at Jhadupudi in Srikakulam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

text:
# Jhadupudi railway station

**Jhadupudi railway station** is a railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It is situated at Jhadupudi in Srikakulam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

## History

In between 1893 and 1896, the coastal railway track from Cuttack to Vijayawada was built and opened to traffic by East Coast State Railway. The route was electrified in several phases. Khurda–Visakhapatnam section was completely electrified by 2002 and Howrah–Chennai route was fully electrified in 2005.

## InfoBox

| Jhadupudi railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| Passenger train station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Jhadupudi, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh<br>India |
| Coordinates | 19°01′42″N 84°36′47″E / 19.028201°N 84.613031°E / 19.028201; 84.613031 |
| Elevation | 37 m (121 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Operated by | East Coast Railway |
| Line(s) | Howrah–Chennai main line |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on-ground station) |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | JPI |
| Zone(s) | East Coast Railway zone |
| Division(s) | Khurda Road |
| History | |
| Opened | 1899 |
| Electrified | Yes |
| Previous names | East Coast State Railway |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Indian Railways Following station  Ichchapuramtowards Howrah Junction  East Coast Railway zoneHowrah–Chennai main line  Sompetatowards Chennai Central | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Jhadupudi railway stationLocation within IndiaJhadupudi railway stationJhadupudi railway station (Andhra Pradesh) | |


title: The End of the Affair (1955 film)

abstract: The End of the Affair is a 1955 British-American drama romance film directed by Edward Dmytryk, based on Graham Greene's 1951 novel of the same name. The film stars Deborah Kerr, Van Johnson, John Mills and Peter Cushing. It was filmed largely on location in London, particularly in and around Chester Terrace. The film was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.

text:
# The End of the Affair (1955 film)

***The End of the Affair*** is a 1955 British-American drama romance film directed by Edward Dmytryk, based on Graham Greene's 1951 novel of the same name. The film stars Deborah Kerr, Van Johnson, John Mills and Peter Cushing. It was filmed largely on location in London, particularly in and around Chester Terrace. The film was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.

## Plot

Writer Maurice Bendrix settles in London in 1943-44 after being wounded in the war. His affair with Sarah Miles, wife of civil servant Henry Miles, "grows into a deep and abiding passion." Maurice becomes jealous. He wants to marry, but she won't leave Henry, yet.

The apartment Maurice lives in is hit by a buzz bomb. He revives, pulls himself from rubble to find Sarah kneeling on the floor of his room. As she tends to his wounds, he asks why she was kneeling. She says she was praying and was certain he was dead. She stares at him, her face wet with tears, then leaves abruptly. He runs after her to find the street empty. Maurice suffers from delayed shock and is bedridden for several days. When he recovers, he tries to reach Sarah, in vain, and his "jealousy turns to hate."

A year later, the war is over. Maurice struggles with his book and his hate for Sarah. One rainy night, he sees Henry. Henry is worried about Sarah, and invites Maurice to his home for a drink. Sarah, who "is out at all hours" returns home soaking wet, and is vague and detached with both of them.

Maurice confronts Sarah, who takes all the blame. Parkis, a private investigator, reports to Maurice in the darkened flat. He describes Maurice's meeting with Sarah in detail, interpreting it as a final parting and describing Sarah as "looking ready to weep her eyes out." Maurice reveals himself, saying the parting was long ago.

Parkis has the bottom of a discarded note in Sarah's handwriting that reads "nothing matters except that we should be together, now and forever." Parkis obtains Sarah's journal, observing that she appears to be very ill.

Maurice reads the journal. We hear Sarah's voice describing the past year. Maurice lies in the rubble. She takes his hand, then returns to his room. Weeping, she prays: "I love him, I'll do anything... I'll give Maurice up forever, only just let him be alive!" Maurice calls her name. She plans to tell him about her "hysterical" promise, but then he seems to remember what it was like to be dead. "Now the agony of being without you starts," she writes. At home, Henry tells her that Maurice has been taken to a hospital with delayed shock.

Suddenly Sarah wants Maurice beside her. She confides in a Catholic priest and asks: "What does God want with me?" She lights a candle and for the first time in months feels "a little tremble of happiness." At home, she finds Maurice with Henry. It took "everything she had" to walk up the stairs. She writes a love letter, records it in the diary and tears it up, creating the scrap of paper Parkis found.

She tells her friend, Richard Smythe, that she is going back to Maurice because she believes that God will love her even if she breaks her vow. But when Henry tells her how much he needs her, she promises not to leave him. The diary ends with a cry of pain and love for Maurice. He closes the journal and phones her.

She begs him not to come. He pursues her to the church, through pouring rain, promising they will be together. Maurice comes to the house and finds Sarah is dying.

At home, he finds a letter from Sarah that says she can never see him again, and that she has never loved as she loves him. Maurice replies: "Have it your way Sarah. I believe that you live and that He exists. But I'm tired. Just give me a little time..."

## Cast

## Production

The script was written by Leonore Coffee, who like Graham Greene was a late convert to Catholicism. She said:

> I wrote a beautiful script; but they got somebody in England to rewrite it, and it wasn’t an improvement. I opened with the ending, the separation—after they had already stopped seeing each other—and then I backtracked to show what led to the separation. I reversed the order of the novel.

## Reception

*The New York Times’* Bosley Crowther had harsh words for Lenore Coffee’s adaptation of the novel. “It is too bad the drama is so muddy, for the cast is good for this film. Miss Kerr is ideal for the lady and Van Johnson is apt for the man. Peter Cushing as the lady's cryptic husband and John Mills as a jaunty private-eye are also exceedingly potential in the only other fair-size roles. But the story just is not articulate, so no matter how diligently and well Edward Dmytryk has directed, it all comes out cluttered and cold."

## Release

### Home media

This film was released on DVD on 16 May 2000. The DVD contains both the 1955 and 1999 adaptations of the novel, together with supporting material about their making.

## Further reading

* Tibbetts, John C.; Welsh, James M. (2005). *The Encyclopedia of Novels Into Film* (2nd ed.). Checkmark Books. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-1859835203.

## InfoBox

| The End of the Affair | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Edward Dmytryk |
| Screenplay by | Lenore Coffee |
| Based on | *The End of the Affair*
by Graham Greene |
| Produced by | David Lewis |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Wilkie Cooper |
| Edited by | Alan Osbiston |
| Music by | Benjamin Frankel |
| Color process | Black and white |
| Production
company | Coronado Productions |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release dates | * 24 February 1955 (1955-02-24) (London)  * May 1955 (1955-05) (United States) |
| Running time | 106 minutes |
| Countries | United Kingdom
United States |
| Language | English |


title: Goniodoris joubini

abstract: Goniodoris joubini is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Goniodorididae.

text:
# Goniodoris joubini

***Goniodoris joubini*** is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Goniodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was first described from New Caledonia. Animals from Japan were described as *Goniodoris glabra* but appear to be the same species. Similar looking animals have been reported from Hong Kong, the Marshall Islands, Queensland and the Red Sea.

## Description

This goniodorid nudibranch is predominantly brown in colour, with spots and large areas of white surface pigment on the oral tentacles and edges of the back and sides where they join along the pallial margin. The pallial margin is extended as a flap and is translucent brown with white patches which often have yellow spots at their centres.

*Goniodoris aspersa* Alder & Hancock, 1864 is described as follows:

Body elongated, densely and minutely freckled with dark chocolate-brown. Cloak oblong or subquadrate, with the margin slightly sinuated and turned up at the sides, and also in front, where it is bent back in a rounded lobe; the posterior end bending inwards behind the branchiae: the cloak is densely freckled like the rest of the body, having an irregular pale line running down each side: the margin is also pale, with a few black and yellow spots; and an irregular line of light spots runs along each side of the body below the pallial margin. An obtuse carinated ridge reaches from the mantle to the tail. Dorsal tentacles clavate and laminated, freckled with the same dark colour as the body. Branchial plumes five, small, twice or thrice pinnated, and placed a little apart from each other and from the anal nipple; they are darkly freckled above, with yellow tips; the under surface pale. Head squared in front and produced considerably beyond the cloak, the sides forming two moderate-sized tentacular processes held laterally. Foot yellowish, without markings, truncated in front, and rather narrow, with the sides almost parallel, extending beyond the cloak for about one-fourth of the whole length of the body, and terminating in a blunt point. Length nearly an inch. Tongue minute and like that of *G. nodosa* , but the sides of the spines are smooth; there is a buccal collar with rudimentary jaws, as in *Doris pilosa*.

## Ecology

*Goniodoris joubini* probably feeds on bryozoans or colonial ascidians but the diet is apparently not yet determined.

## InfoBox

| *Goniodoris joubini* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Goniodoris joubini* 1 m away, in Osezaki, Japan | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Superfamily: | Onchidoridoidea |
| Family: | Goniodorididae |
| Genus: | *Goniodoris* |
| Species: | ***G. joubini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Goniodoris joubini***<br>Risbec, 1928 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Goniodoris glabra* Baba, 1937, *Goniodoris aspersa* Alder & Hancock, 1864 | |


title: Timia persica

abstract: Timia persica is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Timia of the family Ulidiidae.

text:
# Timia persica

***Timia persica*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Timia* of the family Ulidiidae.

## InfoBox

| *Timia persica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Timia* |
| Species: | ***T. persica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timia persica***<br>Hennig, 1965 | |
|


title: Holguín family

abstract: The Holguín, Holgín or Olguín are one of the most important and famous families of Colombia, considered as part of the colonial aristocracy, with presence in other countries such as Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Cuba. The center of power of the Colombian branch is inf Cali, and the department of Valle del Cauca. The family has its origins in Extremadura and Granada, Spain.

text:
# Holguín family

**The Holguí**n, **Holgín** or **Olguín** are one of the most important and famous families of Colombia, considered as part of the colonial aristocracy, with presence in other countries such as Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Cuba.

The center of power of the Colombian branch is inf Cali, and the department of Valle del Cauca. The family has its origins in Extremadura and Granada, Spain.

1. Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (1994-09-18). "EL GRUPO HOLGUÍN, TODO EN FAMILIA". *El Tiempo* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-20.
2. "El linaje de la Canciller Holguín". *www.xn--elisleo-9za.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
3. elafrobogotano (2016-03-21). "EL LINAJE DE LA CANCILLER HOLGUÍN". *periodico el afro bogotano* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-20.
4. Jaimes, Sonia M. *Familia, caña y banano. Las actividades empresariales de Rodrigo Holguín*.
5. "Los Holguín". *El Informador* (in European Spanish). 2023-05-19. Retrieved 2023-05-20.

## InfoBox

| Holguín Family
Olguín | |
| --- | --- |
| Aristocracy & Political family | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Current region | Americas |
| Place of origin | Extremadura, Granada  Spain |
| Founder | Nicolás Martín Holguín |
| Final ruler | Jorge Holguín |
| Connected families | Arboleda family
Caicedo family
Borrero family
Mallarino family
Mosquera family
Pombo family
Vergara family |


title: Trygve Helgaker

abstract: Trygve Helgaker is professor of chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway. He is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science, 2005. He has written more than 200 scientific papers, and the book, Molecular Electronic-Structure Theory. He is one of the main authors of the DALTON program.

text:
# Trygve Helgaker

**Trygve Helgaker** (born August 11, 1953, in Porsgrunn, Norway) is professor of chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway.

He is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science, 2005.

He has written more than 200 scientific papers, and the book, *Molecular Electronic-Structure Theory* (Trygve Helgaker, Poul Jørgensen, and Jeppe Olsen, Wiley, Chichester, 2000). He is one of the main authors of the DALTON program.


title: Monica Calhoun

abstract: Monica Calhoun is an American film and television actress. Calhoun is best known for her roles in the films Bagdad Cafe (1987), The Players Club (1998), The Salon (2005), The Best Man (1999), and its sequel The Best Man Holiday (2013). She has also appeared in the films Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993) and Love & Basketball (2000). Calhoun has been nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award and one NAACP Image Award.

text:
# Monica Calhoun

**Monica Calhoun** (born July 29, 1971) is an American film and television actress. Calhoun is best known for her roles in the films *Bagdad Cafe* (1987), *The Players Club* (1998), *The Salon* (2005), *The Best Man* (1999), and its sequel *The Best Man Holiday* (2013). She has also appeared in the films *Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit* (1993) and *Love & Basketball* (2000). Calhoun has been nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award and one NAACP Image Award.

## Biography

### Early life and education

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Calhoun is the daughter of Lorine Calhoun. She moved to California in the late 1970s, and began acting while in sixth grade. Calhoun attended the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts.

### Career

Calhoun made her acting debut in the 1985 TV film *Children of the Night* as Wanda. She portrayed Phyllis, the daughter of CCH Pounder's character, in *Bagdad Cafe* (1987). Calhoun was the only actor in *Bagdad Cafe* to return for the television series, albeit the character's name was changed to Debbie. The televised adaptation lasted two seasons before being cancelled.

She portrayed Rebbie Jackson in the 1992 biopic miniseries *The Jacksons: An American Dream*. In 1993, she had a minor role in *Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit* and acted in the Disney Channel film *The Ernest Green Story* alongside Morris Chestnut. Calhoun received an Emmy Award nomination for her performance in the *CBS Schoolbreak Special* "Different Worlds: A Story of Interracial Love" (1993). Calhoun co-starred with actor Flex Alexander in the short-lived series, *Where I Live*, and appeared in *Pacific Station*.

Calhoun guest starred in several sitcoms including *The Wayans Bros.*, *A Different World* and *The Jamie Foxx Show*, the latter as Jamie Foxx's sister. She appeared as Linda, one of the daughters of Donald Thornton in television film *The Ditchdigger's Daughters* (1997). Calhoun played the role of Ebony, a stripper, in Ice Cube's directorial debut *The Players Club* (1998).

She appeared in the lead role, Reese Delaware, in *Intimate Betrayal* (1999). In *Love & Basketball* (2000), she portrayed Kerry, a girlfriend of the basketball playing protagonist. In 2002, Calhoun appeared in *Trois 2: Pandora's Box* as psychologist Dr. Mia DuBois and portrayed Wet in *Civil Brand*. Calhoun played Rachel in the Western *Gang of Roses* (2003).

Calhoun portrayed Mia, the wife of Morris Chestnut's character, in *The Best Man* (1999). She received an NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture in 2000 for her performance. She returned in its sequel *The Best Man Holiday* (2013). In the latter, Mia is terminally ill and dies at the end of the film.

She played the role of Brenda in 2007's *The Salon* starring Vivica Fox. In 2009, Robert Townsend directed Calhoun in *Diary of a Single Mom, Season I, II and III* (2008–10). Calhoun appeared as Patricia Tresvant, Ralph's mother in *The New Edition Story* miniseries which aired on the BET network in January 2017.

## Personal

Calhoun gave birth to a son in 2000. Her son is blind.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | *Children of the Night* | Wanda | TV movie |
| 1987 | *Bagdad Cafe* | Phyllis |  |
| 1989 | *Heart and Soul* | Janet | TV movie |
| 1991 | *She Stood Alone* | Eliza Hammond | TV movie |
| 1993 | *The Ernest Green Story* | Minnijean Brown | TV movie |
| | *Jack the Bear* | Sondra |  |
| | *Younger and Younger* | Jaime-Lee |  |
| | *Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit* | Classroom Kid |  |
| 1996 | *Rebound: The Legend of Earl "The Goat" Manigault* | Evonne | TV movie |
| 1997 | *The Ditchdigger's Daughters* | Linda | TV movie |
| | *Damn Whitey* | Young Woman | Short |
| 1998 | *The Players Club* | Ebony |  |
| | *Park Day* | Tamala Davis |  |
| 1999 | *The Best Man* | Mia Morgan |  |
| | *Intimate Betrayal* | Reese Delaware | TV movie |
| 2000 | *Love & Basketball* | Kerry |  |
| | *Nature Boy* | Maria Cole | TV movie |
| 2001 | *Faux Pas* | - |  |
| 2002 | *Turnaround* | Cammy |  |
| | *Civil Brand* | Wet |  |
| | *Trois 2: Pandora's Box* | Dr. Mia DuBois |  |
| 2003 | *Love Chronicles* | Maya |  |
| | *Gang of Roses* | Rachel |  |
| 2004 | *Justice* | Sharice |  |
| 2005 | *The Salon* | Brenda |  |
| | *Friends and Lovers* | Debra | Video |
| 2013 | *The Best Man Holiday* | Mia M. Sullivan |  |
| 2016 | *Everything But A Man* | Vanessa |  |
| | *No Regrets* | Nina Thomas |  |
| 2020 | *Leroy* | Joey |  |
| 2023 | *Deadly Entanglement* | Deidra |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | *CBS Schoolbreak Special* | Vonette | Episode: "15 and Getting Straight" |
| 1990–91 | *Bagdad Cafe* | Debbie | Main Cast |
| 1992 | *The Jacksons: An American Dream* | Rebbie Jackson | Episode: "Part 1 & 2" |
| | *CBS Schoolbreak Special* | Carol | Episode: "Different Worlds: A Story of Interracial Love" |
| 1993 | *A Different World* | Yolanda | Episode: "Homey, Don't Ya Know Me?" |
| | *Where I Live* | Kaiya | Episode: "Big Mon on Campus" |
| 1994 | *Sweet Justice* | Kara | Episode: "Fourth Quarter" |
| 1995 | *CBS Schoolbreak Special* | Temple Baham | Episode: "What About Your Friends" |
| 1996 | *The Wayans Bros.* | Vanessa | Episode: "Unbrotherly Love" |
| 1997 | *Good News* | Cynthia Porter | Episode: "Try a Little Tenderness" |
| 1998 | *The Jamie Foxx Show* | Kim | Episode: "Swing Out Sister" |
| 2000 | *Malcolm & Eddie* | Helena | Episode: "Moving Violations" |
| 2003 | *NYPD Blue* | Denise Woodson | Episode: "I Kid You Not" |
| | *Strong Medicine* | Paige Wheeler | Episode: "Coming Clean" |
| 2006 | *Grey's Anatomy* | Mrs. Wood | Episode: "Break on Through" |
| | *Everybody Hates Chris* | Charlotte | Episode: "Everybody Hates Funerals" |
| 2007 | *Dirt* | Chelle | Episode: "Pilot" |
| 2008 | *Cold Case* | Phoebe Curtis (1989) | Episode: "Triple Threat" |
| 2009–11 | *Diary of a Single Mom* | Ocean | Main Cast |
| 2017 | *The New Edition Story* | Patricia Tresvant | Episode: "Part 1 & 2" |
| 2022 | *The Best Man: The Final Chapters* | Mia Sullivan | Recurring Cast |

## InfoBox

| Monica Calhoun | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1971-07-29) July 29, 1971
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1985–present |
| Known for | Mia Morgan – *The Best Man*, *The Best Man Holiday*
Ebony – *The Players Club* |
| Height | 5 ft 4.5 in (163.8 cm) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Mowry Slough

abstract: Mowry Slough is a 5.8-mile-long (9.3 km) slough in Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and is the primary breeding ground for San Francisco Bay harbor seals. It is situated among the salt marshes and salt evaporation ponds in the city of Fremont.

text:
# Mowry Slough

**Mowry Slough** is a 5.8-mile-long (9.3 km) slough in Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and is the primary breeding ground for San Francisco Bay harbor seals. It is situated among the salt marshes and salt evaporation ponds in the city of Fremont.

## InfoBox

| Mowry Slough | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
| The Mowry Slough (lower center) where it meanders between salt ponds in the south San Francisco Bay, including the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and the Dumbarton Bridge, with Peninsula cities in the background | |
| Mowry SloughMowry SloughMowry Slough | |
| Location | Fremont, California |
| Coordinates | 37°29′01″N 122°01′11″W / 37.4835499°N 122.0196838°W / 37.4835499; -122.0196838 |
| Designated | 1972 (1972) |
| Governing body | Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge |


title: Kahootz

abstract: Kahootz is an education multimedia construction toolset created by the Australian Children's Television Foundation. Using this program, one can make 3D animations using the pre-made objects and backgrounds. It was used by many schools to teach not only making movies with the program but co-operation between the students. As of 2012 the software is no longer available to purchase, and support has stopped.

text:
# Kahootz

**Kahootz** is an education multimedia construction toolset created by the Australian Children's Television Foundation. Using this program, one can make 3D animations using the pre-made objects and backgrounds. It was used by many schools to teach not only making movies with the program but co-operation between the students.

As of 2012 the software is no longer available to purchase, and support has stopped.

## Description

Kahootz was designed for children. It made use of many colours, characters, movements and pictures. Many Australian schools had access to this program. In fact, the Victorian Government bought the program for every school in Victoria.

## Features

Kahootz starts up with a New Scene. A "world" is then chosen and characters and objects can be added in the same way as 3D Movie Maker. It is possible to zoom in and out and change the camera angle, as Kahootz is 3D, so it is as if you are in a real world.

Animating the object is similar to motion tweening in Macromedia Flash. A keyframe is created with the object in the desired position. A second keyframe is then created and the object is moved to the new desired position. One can then preview this with the convenient Preview button.

Many scenes could be put into a collection called an xpression. These small files could then be converted in QuickTime and AVI movies for viewing.

## Plug-ins

### Kahootz Movie Maker

Kahootz Movie Maker is a plug-in to the program. It is used to convert into AVI (for Windows) and QuickTime (for the Mac) it also was used to convert files into oxis files, used for video editing uses.

### Pattern Manager

This plug-in allowed the user to edit the patterns pre-loaded into the program. Support was added for this plug-in in the 2.0.4 update.

## Version history

The last version of Kahootz was Kahootz 3, released in May 2008.

1. Greg Bowden (1 July 2005). *Learning Kahootz 2.0*. Guided Computer Tutorials. ISBN 978-1-921217-21-0.

## InfoBox

Kahootz
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | Australian Children's Television Foundation |
|  | |
| Stable release | 2.0.5 / March, 2006 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | 3D computer graphics software |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | www.actf.com.au/education/kahootz (inactive) |


title: Jhagadiya Assembly constituency

abstract: Jhagadiya is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Bharuch district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

text:
# Jhagadiya Assembly constituency

**Jhagadiya** is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Bharuch district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

## List of segments

This assembly seat represents the following segments,

1. Jhagadia Taluka
2. Valia Taluka
3. Netrang taluka

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Picture | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | Dhanuben Dalpatbhai Vasava |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | Zinabhai Ramsang Vasava | | |  |
| 1972 | Chimanlal K Vasava | | |  |
| 1977 | Zinabhai Ramsang Vasava | | |  |
| 1980 | Ravadas Limjibha Vasava |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1990 | Chhotubhai Vasava |  | Janata Dal |
| 1995 | | | |
| 1998 | | | |
| 2002 | |  | Janata Dal |
| 2007 | | |
| 2012 | | |
| 2017 | |  | Bharatiya Tribal Party |
| 2022 | Riteshkumar Vasava |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
|| | |

## Election results

### 2022

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2022
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Riteshkumar Ramanbhai Vasava (Kalabhai)** | **89,933** | **45.55** | **+11.24** |
|  | Independent | Chhotubhai Vasava | 66,433 | 33.64 |  |
|  | AAP | Urmila Bhagat | 19,722 | 9.99 | *New* |
|  | INC | Fatehsinghbhai Vasava | 15,219 | 7.71 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 23,500 | 11.91 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,97,456 |  |  |
|  | BJP **gain** from BTP | | Swing |  |  |

### 2017

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2017: Jhagadiya
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BTP** | **Chhotubhai Vasava** | **113,854** | **60.18** | ***New*** |
|  | BJP | Ravjibhai Vasava | 64,906 | 34.31 | +12.87 |
|  | JD(U) | Chhotubhai A. Vasava | 5,055 | 2.67 | −36.49 |
| Majority | | |  | 25.87 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,89,179 | 81.44 | +0.05 |
|  | BTP **gain** from JD(U) | | Swing |  |  |

### 2012

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **JD(U)** | **Chhotubhai Vasava** | **66,622** | **39.16** | **+0.1** |
|  | INC | Balubhai Vasava | 53,318 | 31.34 | −0.62 |
|  | BJP | Narendrabhai Vasava | 36,473 | 21.44 | −0.21 |
|  | GPP | Rakeshkumar Vasava | 8,056 | 4.74 | *New* |
|  | BSP | Thakorbhai Vasava | 5,641 | 3.32 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 13,304 | 7.82 |  |
| Turnout | | | 170110 | 81.39 |  |
|  | JD(U) **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2007

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2007
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **JD(U)** | **Chhotubhai Vasava** | **41,460** | **39.06** | **−3.75** |
|  | INC | Chandubhai Vasava | 33,927 | 31.96 | +3.64 |
|  | BJP | Rashmikaben Vasava | 22,983 | 21.65 | +0.37 |
| Majority | | |  | 7.1 | −7.39 |
| Turnout | | | 1,06,156 |  |  |
|  | JD(U) **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2002

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2002
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **JD(U)** | **Chhotubhai Vasava** | **45,157** | **42.81** |  |
|  | INC | Dalpatsinh Vasava | 29,868 | 28.32 |  |
|  | BJP | Ramanbhai Vasava | 22,442 | 21.28 |  |
| Majority | | |  | 14.49 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,05,471 | 69.12 |  |
|  | JD(U) **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

21°43′N 73°09′E / 21.72°N 73.15°E / 21.72; 73.15

## InfoBox

| Jhagadiya | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 152 for the Gujarat Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Western India |
| State | Gujarat |
| District | Bharuch |
| LS constituency | Bharuch |
| Established | 1962 |
| Total electors | 258,955 |
| Reservation | ST |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 15th Gujarat Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Riteshkumar Vasava** | |
| Party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Elected year | 2022 |


title: Malam Saguirou

abstract: Malam Ibrahim Mahaman Saguirou is a filmmaker from Niger. His documentaries have won various international prizes.

text:
# Malam Saguirou

**Malam Ibrahim Mahaman Saguirou** is a filmmaker from Niger. His documentaries have won various international prizes.

## Career

In 2002 Saguirou found work at Stage IFTIC Contrechamps, Niger. He moved to Africadoc, Dakar in 2004. In 2005 he was an intern at Moppan in Jos, Nigeria, and the same year worked at Cinédoc in Annecy, France. He was writer-director for the film producer Kutus from 2005 to January 2007. He attended the Berlinale Talent Campus in Berlin in 2006. Saguirou founded the Dangarama company in March 2007.

## Work

Saguirou became known when the first African Forum of Documentary Film in December 2006 screened his *Un Africain a Annecy* (an African in Annecy), a candid look at a young African discovering Western society during his first trip to France. His second film, *La chèvre qui broute, je mange, tu manges* (the Goat grazing, I eat, you eat) deals with the sensitive issue of corruption in Niger. *Pour le Meilleur et pour l'Oignon!* (For the Best and for the Onion! - 2008) is a documentary about marriage and the role of food in the culture of Niger. It tells of the pressure on a young onion farmer to produce more to gain the money required to marry. The obstacle-filled path of Ousseini, traditional chief of the butchers' guild of Zinder, is the theme of his 2008 film *La Robe du temps* (The Robe of time). In these two films Saguirou was forced to be his own producer due to the lack of funding endemic in the film industry on his country.

## Filmography

Saguirou's films include:

| Year | Title | Company | Role |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Ah ! Les Indigents | Dangarama | Director |
| 2008 | La Robe du temps | Adalios/Dangarama | Director, writer, director of Photography |
| 2008 | Pour le Meilleur et pour l'Oignon! | Adalios/Dangarama/Les Films du Kutus/TV Rennes 35 | Producer, director of Photography |
| 2006 | Un Africain a Annecy | Cinédoc films | Director |
| 2005 | Le Chasseur de Vent | Les Films du Kutus | Director, producer, writer |

## InfoBox

| Malam Saguirou | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Malam Ibrahim Mahaman Saguirou |
| Nationality | Nigerien |
| Citizenship | Nigerien |
| Occupation | filmmaker |
| Notable work | La Robe du temps |


title: Palace Hotel (Antonito, Colorado)

abstract: The Palace Hotel, at 429 Main St. in Antonito, Colorado, was built in 1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is a two-story building constructed of sandstone.

text:
# Palace Hotel (Antonito, Colorado)

The **Palace Hotel**, at 429 Main St. in Antonito, Colorado, was built in 1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

It is a two-story building constructed of sandstone.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Palace Hotel | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 429 Main St., Antonito, Colorado |
| Coordinates | 37°04′35″N 106°00′30″W / 37.07639°N 106.00833°W / 37.07639; -106.00833 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1890 |
| Architectural style | Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements |
| NRHP reference No. | 94001013 |
| Added to NRHP | August 19, 1994 |


title: Momel

abstract: Momel is an algorithm developed by Daniel Hirst and Robert Espesser at the CNRS Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence: for the analysis and synthesis of intonation patterns.

text:
# Momel

**Momel** (***Mo***delling ***mel***ody) is an algorithm developed by Daniel Hirst and Robert Espesser at the CNRS Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence: for the analysis and synthesis of intonation patterns.

## Purpose

The analysis of raw fundamental frequency curves for the study of intonation needs to take into account the fact that speakers are simultaneously producing an intonation pattern and a sequence of syllables made up of segmental phones. The actual raw fundamental frequency curves which can be analysed acoustically are the result of an interaction between these two components and this makes it difficult to compare intonation patterns when they are produced with different segmental material. Compare for example the intonation patterns on the utterances *It's for papa* and *It's for mama*.

## Algorithm

The Momel algorithm attempts to solve this problem by factoring the raw curves into two components:

* a *macromelodic component* \- modelled as a quadratic spline function . This is assumed to correspond to the global pitch contour of the utterance, and which is independent of the nature of the constituent phonemes. The underlying hypothesis is that this macromelodic component is, unlike raw fundamental frequency curves, both continuous and smooth. It corresponds approximately to what we produce if we hum an utterance instead of speaking it.
* a *micromelodic component* consisting of deviations from the macromelodic curve - called a *micromelodic profile*. This residual curve is assumed to be determined entirely by the segmental constituents of the utterance and to be independent of the macromelodic component.

The quadratic spline function used to model the macromelodic component is defined by a sequence of target points, (couples \<s, Hz\> each pair of which is linked by two monotonic parabolic curves with the spline knot occurring (by default) at the midway point between the two targets. The first derivative of the curve thus defined is zero at each target point and the two parabolas have the same value and same derivative at the spline knot. This in fact defines the most simple mathematical function for which the curves are both continuous and smooth.

## Implications

On the one hand, two utterances "For Mama!" and "For Papa!" could thus be modelled with the same target points (hence the same macromelodic component) while "For Mama?" and "For Papa?" would also have the same target points but which would probably be different from those of the first pair.

On the other hand, the utterances "For Mama!" and "For Mama?" could be modelled with the same micromelodic profile but with different target point, while "For Papa!" and "For Papa?" would also have the same micromelodic profile but which would be different from those of the first pair.

The Momel algorithm derives what its authors refer to as a *phonetic representation* of an intonation pattern which is neutral with respect to speech production and speech perception since while not explicitly derived from a model of either production or perception it contains sufficient information to allow it to be used as input to models of either process. The relatively theory-neutral nature of the algorithm has allowed it to be used as a first step in deriving representations such as those of the Fujisaki model (Mixdorff 1999), ToBI (Maghbouleh 1999, Wightman & al. 2000) or INTSINT (Hirst & Espesser 1993, Hirst et al. 2000).

* Hirst, Daniel & Robert Espesser 1993. Automatic modelling of fundamental frequency using a quadratic spline function. *Travaux de l'Institut de Phonétique d'Aix* 15, 71–85.
* Hirst, Daniel, Albert Di Cristo & Robert Espesser 2000. Levels of representation and levels of analysis for intonation. in M. Horne (ed) *Prosody : Theory and Experiment*. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 51-87
* Maghbouleh, A., 1998. ToBI accent type recognition. In: *Proceedings ICSLP 98*.
* Mixdorff, H., 1999. A novel approach to the fully automatic extraction of Fujisaki model parameters. In *Proceedings ICASSP 1999*.
* Wightman, C. & Campbell, N., 1995. Improved labeling of prosodic structure. *IEEE Trans. on Speech and Audio Processing.*

Momel automatic annotation can be performed by SPPAS


title: Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté

abstract: Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté was a Malian teacher, journalist and political activist. He was a pioneer for African nationalism and one of the first Communists in Africa.

text:
# Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté

**Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté** (April 27, 1902-1942) was a Malian teacher, journalist and political activist. He was a pioneer for African nationalism and one of the first Communists in Africa.

## Early life, education and migration

He was born in Ségou, French Soudan. Kouyaté was regarded as the most influential personality among the West African migrant community in France according to French intelligence assessments. Kouyaté was also among the first generation of Western-educated Africans in French Soudan. He was from the Bambara ethnic group of Mali. He was first educated at a primary school in Bamako, the capital of Mali. Kouyaté arrived in France after he was awarded a scholarship to further his studies at the *Ecole Normale* at Aix en Provence.

## Creation of the Ligue de Defense de la Race Nègre

In 1926 Kouyaté, alongside Lamine Senghor, a Senegalese nationalist and World War I veteran, created the *Ligue de Defense de la Race Nègre* (the League for the Defense of the Negro Race, or LDRN). It was one of the most important pan-African political movements to emerge from interwar Paris. A key characteristic of the LDRN is that it demanded full citizenship for all colonial subjects and was funded by the French Communist Party. Kouyaté took over the direction of the LDRN after the death of Senghor a year after its creation. Assuming the role of secretary general, he constructed a program that called for the independence of African colonies and the establishment of socialism in Africa. Under Kouyaté’s leadership, the league supported Garveyism and the United States National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. On interactions with W.E.B Du Bois, famous African American leader on April 29, 1929, he described the aim of the league as “the political, economic, moral, and intellectual emancipation of the whole of the Negro race. It is a matter of winning back, all honorable means, the national independence of the Negro peoples in the colonial territories of France, England, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal…and of setting up in Black Africa a great Negro state.” Consequently, in 1927 and 1928, *La Race Nègre.* published articles of cultural interest about blacks in the United states as well as the cultural achievements of Africans throughout history and the eyewitness accounts of abuses committed by the colonial administrators. French colonial authorities considered the LDRN a dangerous and inflammatory organization and banned *La Race Nègre* in the colonies. Kouyaté was under close watch by French authorities after the Colonial Ministry requested background information on him. This led to information on him being dispatched in the French West African monthly propaganda reports.

## German travels

After attending a conference in Frankfurt at the end of July in 1929, he visited Berlin, where his contact with Wilhelm Münzenberg, German Communist political activist and publisher, allowed him to gain access to the African community there. There he was present at the inaugural meeting of the *Liga zur Verteidigung der Negerrasse*, formally a section of the Paris association and closely tied to Münzenbergs Liga gegen Imperialismus. The *Liga* was an important organisation of the Black German community until it disintegrated with the rise of Nazism and was terminated finally in 1935.

## A new organisation

In 1931 the League for the Defense of the Negro Race, acquiring a new leader split. This led to the creation of the *Union des Travailleurs Nègres* (Union of the Negro Workers)*,* an association made up of both communists and ex-communists. From this emerged a new journal titled *Le Cri des Nègres* (Cry of the Negroes). The magazine focused on the poor treatment of Black people globally and published an article by the Guadeloupian communist Stephane Rosso where he described the Scottsboro rape trial in the United States and the deaths of Africans in the construction of the Congo-Ocean railroad. The article reached Dakar in Senegal almost immediately.

## Banishment by the French Communist Party

Kouyaté was banished from the French Communist Party as well as the *Union Des Travailleurs Nègres* in October 1933. After being accused of being in contact with enemies of the revolutionary trade union movement and of not facing responded to requests of justifications, Kouyaté’s name and photograph were published in the Communist Party’s blacklist which explained he was “kicked out of the party for being anti-communist, indelicacy and having a disaggregated attitude”.

In 1935, Kouyaté wrote a letter to the Ethiopian leader, Haile Selassie where he pledged to do everything possible, including the provision of material support, to defend the country against the Italian invasion. As part of movement against the war and the occupation of Ethiopia by fascist Italy, Kouyaté also participated in the founding of the Ethiopian Defense Committee, going as far as writing articles on the county in *El Ouma,* the organization’s journal. In addition to that, he organized protests against the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. In December 1935*,* he created a monthly magazine named *Africa* in which he used to continue his campaign for the independence of the colonies and call for the reforms for the benefit of Africans.

## Death

The specific circumstances surrounding the death of Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté’s are uncertain. One theory believes that he was entrusted with money for propaganda by the Germans but kept it for himself leading to his demise during the Nazi occupation of France.


title: Holler blues

abstract: Holler Blues refers to blues songs that are sung in the holler style, or the field holler style. Field hollers are also referred to as whoopings, arhoolies, and hollers. They began as vocal communications among slaves on plantations, which were not expressed by a group but by individuals. Hollers were used to communicate feelings or messages, and, as Frederick Douglass has written, were often melancholic and marked by vocal gymnastics. As the holler became rare, its aesthetic and qualities live on in blues songs.

text:
# Holler blues

**Holler Blues** refers to blues songs that are sung in the holler style, or the field holler style. Field hollers are also referred to as whoopings, arhoolies, and hollers. They began as vocal communications among slaves on plantations, which were not expressed by a group but by individuals. Hollers were used to communicate feelings or messages, and, as Frederick Douglass has written, were often melancholic and marked by vocal gymnastics. As the holler became rare, its aesthetic and qualities live on in blues songs.


title: Miguel Maria Giambelli

abstract: Miguel Maria Giambelli was a Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Giambelli, born in Flero, Italy was ordained a priest on July 4, 1943 from the Roman Catholic religious order Clerics Regular of Saint Paul. He was appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Guamá on April 21, 1980 and was ordained bishop on June 15, 1980. The diocese would be renamed to the Diocese of Bragança do Pará in October 1981. Giambelli served until his retirement on April 10, 1996

text:
# Miguel Maria Giambelli

**Miguel Maria Giambelli** (March 23, 1920 – December 26, 2010) was a Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Giambelli, born in Flero, Italy was ordained a priest on July 4, 1943 from the Roman Catholic religious order Clerics Regular of Saint Paul. He was appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Guamá on April 21, 1980 and was ordained bishop on June 15, 1980. The diocese would be renamed to the Diocese of Bragança do Pará in October 1981. Giambelli served until his retirement on April 10, 1996

## InfoBox

| Miguel Maria Giambelli, B. | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Diocese of Bragança do Pará Emeritus | |
| Bishop Giambelli in 1990 | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| See | Diocese of Bragança do Pará |
| In office | 1980–1996 |
| Predecessor | Eliseu Maria Coroli |
| Successor | Luigi Ferrando |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | July 4, 1943 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1920-03-23)March 23, 1920<br>Flero, Italy |
| Died | December 26, 2010(2010-12-26) (aged 90) |


title: Kaiken Kauniin Loppu

abstract: Kaiken Kauniin Loppu is the debut album of Finnish rock group Wasara. It was released in 2003 after the band had won a two album deal with Firebox Records. That deal had come about after the success of the band’s 2002 demo Wasara. All three tracks from that demo; Kivisade, Pahavirsi and Etsijä, appear on this album. Re-recorded versions of Sinulle and Matkalla which had been on the earlier Sinulle demo of 2000 also reappeared on this album. Kivisade was also released as a CD single in Spring 2003 to promote the album. This single included the track Lihallisia Ajatuksia which had not appeared on the demos or the album. The album is sombre and dark and focuses on despair. This is realised in the mid and slow tempo compositions. Vocals are in Finnish throughout and are a mixture of harsh and clean vocals. The clean vocals are in a deliberately flat tone. There is considerable variation in style within the album. In 2004 an enhanced Digipak edition of the album was released. This featured a remixed and extended version of the song Pahavirsi and a video of Pohjaton On.

text:
# Kaiken Kauniin Loppu

***Kaiken Kauniin Loppu*** is the debut album of Finnish rock group Wasara. It was released in 2003 after the band had won a two album deal with Firebox Records. That deal had come about after the success of the band’s 2002 demo *Wasara*. All three tracks from that demo; *Kivisade*, *Pahavirsi* and *Etsijä*, appear on this album. Re-recorded versions of *Sinulle* and *Matkalla* which had been on the earlier *Sinulle* demo of 2000 also reappeared on this album. *Kivisade* was also released as a CD single in Spring 2003 to promote the album. This single included the track *Lihallisia Ajatuksia* which had not appeared on the demos or the album.

The album is sombre and dark and focuses on despair. This is realised in the mid and slow tempo compositions. Vocals are in Finnish throughout and are a mixture of harsh and clean vocals. The clean vocals are in a deliberately flat tone. There is considerable variation in style within the album.

In 2004 an enhanced Digipak edition of the album was released. This featured a remixed and extended version of the song *Pahavirsi* and a video of *Pohjaton On*.

## Reception

The album has received mixed reviews. The most favourable are from rateyourmusic.com, where it is given 4.5 out of 5. It is described here as “Dark, necromantic and original”. However at themetalforge.com it is seen as “Uninspiring and generic, yet with glimmers of what could be.”

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Untitled" |  | Wasara | 1:15 |
| 2. | "Pohjaton On" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 3:18 |
| 3. | "Kivisade" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 4:40 |
| 4. | "Pahavirsi" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 3:36 |
| 5. | "Yön Syli" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 4:09 |
| 6. | "Osa Minua" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Kutsu Pimeään" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 5:16 |
| 8. | "Sinulle" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 3:58 |
| 9. | "Hullu Spitaalinen" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 1:51 |
| 10. | "Matkalla" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 4:11 |
| 11. | "Etsijä" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 4:34 |
| 12. | "Mustimpaani" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 2:30 |

Bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Pahavirsi (7.62 Remix)" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 4:14 |
| 14. | "Pohjaton On (Video)" | Antti Åström | Wasara | 3:21 |

## Personnel

**Production**

* Tuomo Lehtonen – design
* Sammy Roiha – mastering at Sound Ateljee
* Ilpo Satuli – recording, mixing, programming, producer
* Wasara – producer

## InfoBox

| Kaiken Kauniin Loppu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wasara | |
| Released | 7 July 2003 |
| Recorded | 2003 |
| Studio | Meatfactory Studiolla |
| Genre | Hard rock, death metal, groove metal, folk metal |
| Length | 42:56 |
| Label | Firebox Records |
| Producer | Wasara, Ilpo Satuli |
| Wasara chronology | |
| ***Kaiken Kauniin Loppu***
(2003) *Meistä On Maa Täysi*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Kaiken Kauniin Loppu* | |
| 1. "Kivisade / Lihallisia Ajatuksia"
Released: Spring 2003 | |
|  | |


title: Mu Us Desert

abstract: The Mu Us Desert, also known as the Maowusu Desert, is a desert in the northern Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, Northwest China. Its southeastern end is crossed by the Ming Great Wall, and it forms the southern portion of the Ordos Desert. The Wuding River drains the area, and then flows into the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River.

text:
# Mu Us Desert

The **Mu Us Desert** (Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ *magu usu* Ordos: \[mʊː ʊsʊ̆\] "bad (lacking) water"), also known as the **Maowusu Desert** (simplified Chinese: 毛乌素沙漠; traditional Chinese: 毛烏素沙漠; pinyin: *Máowūsù Shāmò*), is a desert in the northern Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, Northwest China. Its southeastern end is crossed by the Ming Great Wall, and it forms the southern portion of the Ordos Desert. The Wuding River drains the area, and then flows into the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River.

## Delineation

Confusion exists about where the Ordos Desert begins and where the Mu Us Desert ends. The Ordos comprises two sub-deserts: the Kubuqi Desert in the north east; and the Mu Us Desert in the south. The northern portion goes by another name—for example, a map in Julia Lovell's book *The Great Wall: China Against the World 1000 BC–2000 AD* shows the Ordos Desert only in the portion of Inner Mongolia which lies south of the Yellow River. Several research papers cited below claim that the Mu Us Desert includes part of Shaanxi and Gansu. A clear delineation of the area is still needed here, based on multiple sources.

The Mu Us Desert of north central China lies at 37°30'–39°20'N,107°20'–111°30'E and covers 48,288 km2. As part of the Ordos Plateau, the elevation ranges from 1,000m to 1,300m (as low as 950m in some south-eastern valleys, and reaching between 1,400m to 1,600m in the north-western area). It is the only one of China's twelve sandy zones that is in the transition between a typical steppe and desert climate. The semi-arid continental climate subjects the soil to wind erosion.

## Geography

### Geology

As noted above, the Mu Us Desert forms part of Ordos Plateau and includes part of the Loess Plateau alluvial plain with a concave floor. Exposed sands in the area come from Cretaceous red and grey sandstone. Quaternary sediments include a variety of sand types which are easily moved by the wind. In the south of the Great Wall (see below), sand dunes become more frequent due to damaged vegetation caused mostly by moving sand. Groundwater is present at relatively shallow depth of between 1 and 3 meter below ground level in area between dunes.

### Climate

The annual mean temperature is between 6.0 and 8.5 °C. The mean annual precipitation is between 250 and 400 mm, of which the majority falls in summer.

## History

Research in the Salawusu River Area in 1978 delineated the strata of the Salawusu River in the area of the Mu Us Desert. This suggests that the prehistoric climate was mild and wet with numerous rivers and lakes, yet limited plant life and wildlife in the early stage of the Late Pleistocene age. The climate became dry and cold while eolian sand began to accumulate in the later stage of the Late Pleistocene age. The climate changed again to mild and wet early in the Holocene Epoch as lakes with marsh sediments formed. Later, the climate changed back to dry and cold, allowing a semi-arid steppe landscape to form. These climatic fluctuations were caused by the glacial and interglacial periods of the Northern Hemisphere. The Mu Us Desert underwent a series of changes, including the formation of shifting sands as well as the fixation and reduction of dunes.

As early as 218 BC, grazing was the main way of life for local people. The Mu Us Desert lies in a transition zone where areas of both pastoral land and farmland co-exist.

Based on remote sensing data, rangeland has experienced an increase in both total biomass and number of grazing animals. Active measures which have been taken to limit desertification have resulted in increased vegetation cover and lowered potential for wind erosion. The increase in biomass resulted in an increase in both grazing and farmland production. The area under cultivation increased fivefold from 1978 to 1996. The grasslands seem to be thriving under the current high levels of grazing pressure.

### Desertification

During a 35-year period from the 1950s to the 1990s, its landscapes changed significantly. In most of the desert, desertification developed rapidly, swallowing grassland, while marginal areas in the east and south were restored to some extent. By the late 1990s, shifting and semi-fixed deserts covered 45% and 21% of the Mu Us Desert, while fixed desert decreased by 7.2% of the entire desert. Desertification was much more severe in the middle and north-west pasture land areas than in the eastern and southern areas of farmland and pasture. Overuse, overgrazing, and overcutting have been the main causes of desertification. Meanwhile, woodland area increased between 1965 and 2010. As a result of the Grain for Green policy, after 2000, the area of cultivated land was decreased.

### Ecological Restoration

Reversing of desertification west of Yulin. 1985 (above) and 2021 situation.

To rehabilitate desertified land, Dong, et al. recommended abandoning unsustainable land management practices in 1982, referring to them as "the current irrational human activities" and gaining a better understanding of how climatic change affects the natural environment. Those writers suggested that the human activities must be carefully managed to meet both human and environmental needs.

After 1949, the Chinese government carried out a variety of ecological restoration projects including sand stabilization, irrigation development, afforestation, soil improvement, and transformation of the desert with remarkable results.

A 2017 study marked that desertification was controlled, but that the area was still at risk for new desertification in the future, as a result of grassland reclamation and groundwater consumption.

## The Great Wall

As early as 453 BC, the Yiju people built a double wall in the southern region of the Mu Us Desert to protect themselves against the northernmost Chinese states. Of these states, the Qin were especially threatening, although the Qin dynasty also are reported to have done wall building in the area. Later in history, the Qin dominated all of this area and built walls. In 129 BC, the Han dynasty gained control of the area and strengthened the walls although they were still fighting to maintain control in AD 45. Much later, the Ming dynasty portion of the Great Wall crossed the area.

## InfoBox

| Mu Us Desert | |
| --- | --- |
| Mu-Us Desert satellite image by NASA World Wind | |
| Floor elevation | 950 to 1,600 m (3,120 to 5,250 ft) |
| Length | 380 km (240 mi) |
| Width | 290 km (180 mi) |
| Area | 48,288 km2 (18,644 sq mi) |
| Naming | |
| Native name |  |
| Geography | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| States |  |
| Coordinates | 38°45′00″N 109°09′58″E / 38.7500°N 109.1660°E / 38.7500; 109.1660 |


title: The Dying of a Last Breed

abstract: The Dying of a Last Breed is the eleventh stand-up comedy album by American comedian Doug Stanhope. It was filmed and recorded live at the Plaza Hotel in Las Vegas, and became available on May 19, 2020, through Vimeo.

text:
# The Dying of a Last Breed

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Chortle |  |

***The Dying of a Last Breed*** is the eleventh stand-up comedy album by American comedian Doug Stanhope. It was filmed and recorded live at the Plaza Hotel in Las Vegas, and became available on May 19, 2020, through Vimeo.

## Track listing

(adapted from Apple Music)

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sorry" | 1:50 |
| 2. | "Dead Kids" | 13:42 |
| 3. | "Hotel, Motel, Holiday Inn" | 9:49 |
| 4. | "Gay Cousin Eric" | 5:00 |
| 5. | "Tell Us How We Did" | 2:33 |
| 6. | "Indian Gang Rape" | 12:10 |
| 7. | "#MeTooing Myself" | 10:46 |
| 8. | "What Are You Looking At, Faggot? (Weak Dude)" | 2:07 |
| 9. | "Indianapolis Barber Shop" | 8:57 |
| 10. | "Old People Disgust Me" | 5:07 |
| 11. | "Making Fun / Laura Kimball" | 7:19 |

## InfoBox

| The Dying of a Last Breed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Doug Stanhope | |
| Released | May 19, 2020 (2020-05-19) |
| Recorded | May 14, 2020 |
| Venue | The Plaza Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Length | approximately 82 minutes |
| Producer | Light Forge Studios |
| Doug Stanhope chronology | |
| *Popov Vodka Presents: An Evening With Doug Stanhope*
(2018) ***The Dying of a Last Breed***
(2020) | |


title: Jhadupudi

abstract: Jhadupudi is a small village in Kanchili mandal of Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh. It is located in between the small towns Sompeta and Ichchapuram.

text:
# Jhadupudi

**Jhadupudi** is a small village in Kanchili mandal of Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh. It is located in between the small towns Sompeta and Ichchapuram.

## Geography

Jhadupudi is located at 19°02′00″N 84°37′00″E / 19.0333°N 84.6167°E / 19.0333; 84.6167. It has an average elevation of 42 meters (141 feet).

## Demographics

As of 2001 census, the demographic details of Jadupudi village is as follows:

* Total Population: 2,625 in 617 Households
* Male Population: 1,180 and Female Population: 1,445
* Children Under 6-years of age: 440 (Boys - 218 and Girls - 222)
* Total Literates: 1,184

## Transport

Jhadupudi railway station is situated on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah-Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone.also bus transport

## InfoBox

| Jhadupudi | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Dynamic map | |
| JhadupudiLocation in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaJhadupudiJhadupudi (India) | |
| Coordinates: 19°02′00″N 84°37′00″E / 19.0333°N 84.6167°E / 19.0333; 84.6167 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Srikakulam |
| Elevation | 42 m (138 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 2,625 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Nearest city | Visakhapatnam |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Srikakulam |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Ichchapuram |


title: Palazzo De Felice

abstract: Torre e Palazzo de Felice is a fortified baroque palace built into a medieval castle in Rosciano, Province of Pescara (Abruzzo). Built on the north bank of the River Pescara, it is an ancestral home of the de Felice family.

text:
# Palazzo De Felice

**Torre e Palazzo de Felice** (Italian for *Tower and Palace of the de Felice*) is a fortified baroque palace built into a medieval castle in Rosciano, Province of Pescara (Abruzzo). Built on the north bank of the River Pescara, it is an ancestral home of the de Felice family.

## History of the Castle

The tower is situated in the town of Rosciano, which is on a hill overlooking the valley of Pescara. This strategic position has had fortifications for over 2000 years, the earliest remains are of a Roman fortification, the foundations of which make-up the base of the Tower. The tower is referred by the local residents as the "Torre dei Paladini", meaning "Tower of the Paladins" - the Paladins being the foremost warriors of the court of Charlemagne at the end of the 8th century. The present day castle was built in the 11th century by the Normans during their conquest of South Italy. The main tower has three floors with windows higher up and a very high base covered with river pebbles, to prevent attackers scaling it. Since then, successive generations have contributed to the structure of the castle, the largest addition being the rectangular Palazzo de Felice in the 15th century.

Currently the tower and the building is owned by the municipality of Rosciano and there are plans to set up an internal Museum in the Arbëreshë tradition as Rosciano has a large Albanian community that has settled in the country since the eighteenth century, as demonstrated by the Byzantine church Villa Badessa.

## History of the Palazzo De Felice

Originally a castle built in the 11th century by the Normans, the site now includes a palace built by the De Felice family in the 15th century. This was built in baroque style, completed in 1600. A wide flight of steps flanked by pilasters on the castle's southern face leads to many rooms from a large mezzanine floor. Its beautiful interior belies its military origins, as it was often used as a troop shelter.

## Architecture

The present day castle was built in the 11th century by the Normans during their conquest of South Italy. The main tower has three floors with windows higher up and a very high base covered with river pebbles, to prevent attackers scaling it. Since then, successive generations have contributed to the structure of the castle, the largest addition being the rectangular Palazzo De Felice in the 15th century.

42°19′16″N 14°02′36″E / 42.3211°N 14.0434°E / 42.3211; 14.0434

## InfoBox

| De Felice Palace | |
| --- | --- |
| *Palazzo De Felice* | |
| Rosciano | |
| Tower of Palazzo De Felice | |
| De Felice Palace | |
| Type | Castle |
| Site information | |
| Owner | de Felice Duchi |
| Website | https://defeliceestates.wixsite.com/defeliceestates |
| Site history | |
| Built | 11th century |


title: Gold1242 & Gold FM 98.3

abstract:
Gippsland's GOLD 1242 & GOLD FM 98.3 is an Australian radio station operating west of Traralgon, Victoria. It is owned by Ace Radio and shares studios with sister station TRFM, formerly 3TR and 3TRFM. The station broadcasts on the frequency of 1242 kHz from a transmitter in Myrtlebank on the Maffra-Sale road. Its signal covers the Latrobe Valley and East Gippsland. It commenced broadcasting on 26 April 2002 branded as 3GV. Previously sister station 3TR had occupied the 1242 kHz frequency but moved to FM when Ace Radio was given a section 39 supplementary FM license for the Sale RA1 licence area. Gippsland was one of the last regions in Australia to have a section 39 FM license and so up until 2002 had no commercial FM service. Some programming previously broadcast on 3TR stayed on 3GV, notably AFL football coverage relayed from 3AW. AFL football was heard on FM in Gippsland only once while 3TR was simulcasting on FM and AM the day before both station's official launch in 2002 on Anzac Day.
As of 2010 the station along with the rest of the Ace Radio network now carries AFL Nation instead of 3AW's AFL coverage. In 2016, the station rebranded as Gippsland's 1242, with more programming taken from 3AW. It soon reverted to its former branding of GOLD 1242. In 2017 they added an FM repeater from Mount Taylor on 98.3 to better cover Bairnsdale & East Gippsland.

text:
# Gold1242 & Gold FM 98.3

**Gippsland's GOLD 1242 & GOLD FM 98.3** (call sign: **3GV**) is an Australian radio station operating west of Traralgon, Victoria. It is owned by Ace Radio and shares studios with sister station TRFM, formerly 3TR and 3TRFM. The station broadcasts on the frequency of 1242 kHz from a transmitter in Myrtlebank (near Sale) on the Maffra-Sale road. Its signal covers the Latrobe Valley and East Gippsland.

It commenced broadcasting on 26 April 2002 branded as 3GV. Previously sister station 3TR had occupied the 1242 kHz frequency but moved to FM when Ace Radio was given a section 39 supplementary FM license for the Sale RA1 licence area. Gippsland was one of the last regions in Australia to have a section 39 FM license and so up until 2002 had no commercial FM service.

Some programming previously broadcast on 3TR stayed on 3GV, notably AFL football coverage relayed from 3AW. AFL football was heard on FM in Gippsland only once while 3TR was simulcasting on FM and AM the day before both station's official launch in 2002 on Anzac Day (25 April 2002). As of 2010 the station along with the rest of the Ace Radio network now carries AFL Nation instead of 3AW's AFL coverage.

In 2016, the station rebranded as Gippsland's 1242, with more programming taken from 3AW (similar to other ACE Radio stations). It soon reverted to its former branding of GOLD 1242. In 2017 they added an FM repeater from Mount Taylor (alongside the TRFM repeater) on 98.3 to better cover Bairnsdale & East Gippsland.

## InfoBox

Gippsland's GOLD
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Latrobe Valley & East Gippsland |
| Frequency | 1242 kHz |
| Branding | Gippsland's GOLD FM 98.3 & 1242 AM |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Classic hits and talkback |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Ace Radio |
| Sister stations | TRFM |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | **3** – Victoria<br>**GV** – Gippsland (Latrobe) Valley |
| Technical information | |
| Repeater(s) | 98.3 MHz (Mt Taylor) |
| Links | |
| Website | 1242.com.au |


title: Van Dyke, Michigan

abstract: Van Dyke was a community along the northern boundary of Detroit, Michigan, near Van Dyke Avenue and 9 Mile Road. The town was named for Van Dyke Avenue, which was named for James Van Dyke, Mayor of Detroit in 1847. This was in the southern end of what was then Warren Township, Macomb County, Michigan. The Van Dyke Post Office operated from 1925 until 1957. The town of Van Dyke was platted by Walter Piper in 1917 and its streets named for autos being manufactured at the time. Street names include Packard, Hudson, Marmon, Ford, Dodge, Paige, Republic, Federal, Hupp, Maxwell, Cadillac, Studebaker, Chalmers and Automobile. The two main auto engine manufacturers of the time-Continental and Lozier, also got street names. It was annexed into Warren, Michigan when the township was made into a city in 1957. Its identity is still preserved by Van Dyke Public Schools.

text:
# Van Dyke, Michigan

Van Dyke was a community along the northern boundary of Detroit, Michigan, near Van Dyke Avenue and 9 Mile Road. The town was named for Van Dyke Avenue, which was named for James Van Dyke, Mayor of Detroit in 1847. This was in the southern end of what was then Warren Township, Macomb County, Michigan. The Van Dyke Post Office operated from 1925 until 1957.

The town of Van Dyke was platted by Walter Piper in 1917 and its streets named for autos being manufactured at the time. Street names (still in existence) include Packard, Hudson, Marmon, Ford, Dodge, Paige, Republic, Federal, Hupp, Maxwell, Cadillac, Studebaker, Chalmers and Automobile. The two main auto engine manufacturers of the time-Continental and Lozier, also got street names. It was annexed into Warren, Michigan when the township was made into a city in 1957. Its identity is still preserved by Van Dyke Public Schools.

## Sources

1.*Encyclopædia Britannica Atlas*, 1959 Edition, p. 405.
2.Romig, Walter (1986). *Michigan Place Names* Detroit, MI: Wayne University Press.
3.Naldrett, Alan (2015). *Lost Towns of Eastern Michigan* Charleston, SC: The History Press.


title: Medborgarhuset

abstract: Forsgrenska medborgarhuset or colloquially Medborgarhuset is a civic hall in Stockholm, Sweden, located on the southern side of Medborgarplatsen, Södermalm. The complex contains a public bath, an auditorium, a local library, a gymnasium, a children's theatre, and several meeting-rooms. The building was thoroughly restored in 1981, and the bath updated in 1988–1989 with the addition of a winter garden. Built 1936–1939, the yellow brick building is the Neoclassical Functionalist design of Karl Martin Westerberg, even though the classical features of the tall gables facing the public square were significantly reduced in the final design. The architect thought to solve the complex programme by breaking up the volume into three parts to permit daylight to reach the core. Notwithstanding, the building forms a compact volume and renders heavy on its neighbourhood. Swedish minister for foreign affairs Anna Lindh gave her last speech on the stairs of Medborgarhuset on September 9, 2003, two days before she was assassinated.

text:
# Medborgarhuset

**Forsgrenska medborgarhuset** or colloquially **Medborgarhuset** (Swedish for *Citizen's Building*) is a civic hall in Stockholm, Sweden, located on the southern side of Medborgarplatsen, Södermalm.

The complex contains a public bath, an auditorium, a local library, a gymnasium, a children's theatre, and several meeting-rooms. The building was thoroughly restored in 1981, and the bath updated in 1988–1989 with the addition of a winter garden.

Built 1936–1939, the yellow brick building is the Neoclassical Functionalist design of Karl Martin Westerberg, even though the classical features of the tall gables facing the public square were significantly reduced in the final design. The architect thought to solve the complex programme by breaking up the volume into three parts to permit daylight to reach the core. Notwithstanding, the building forms a compact volume and renders heavy on its neighbourhood.

Swedish minister for foreign affairs Anna Lindh gave her last speech on the stairs of Medborgarhuset on September 9, 2003, two days before she was assassinated.

59°18′52″N 18°04′20″E / 59.31444°N 18.07222°E / 59.31444; 18.07222

## InfoBox

| Medborgarhuset | |
| --- | --- |
| Northern façade | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Stockholm |
| Country | Sweden |
| Construction started | 1936 |
| Completed | 1939 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Karl Martin Westerberg |


title: Hobby horse (toy)

abstract: A hobby horse is a child's toy horse. Children played at riding a wooden hobby horse made of a straight stick with a small horse's head, and perhaps reins, attached to one end. The bottom end of the stick sometimes had a small wheel or wheels attached. This toy was also sometimes known as a cock horse or stick horse. Hobby horses feature in the worship of Rajasthani folk deity Baba Ramdevji, a reference to a story about his childhood; wooden toy horses are popular offerings at his temple at Ramdevra. They also figured in the public rites of the Romanian Călușari. Hobby horsing as a sport became popular among young women in Finland and elsewhere in the 21st century.

text:
# Hobby horse (toy)

A **hobby horse** (or **hobby-horse**) is a child's toy horse. Children played at riding a wooden hobby horse made of a straight stick with a small horse's head (of wood or stuffed fabric), and perhaps reins, attached to one end. The bottom end of the stick sometimes had a small wheel or wheels attached. This toy was also sometimes known as a **cock horse** (as in the nursery rhyme *Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross*) or **stick horse**.

Hobby horses feature in the worship of Rajasthani folk deity Baba Ramdevji, a reference to a story about his childhood; wooden toy horses are popular offerings at his temple at Ramdevra. They also figured in the public rites of the Romanian Călușari.

Hobby horsing as a sport became popular among young women in Finland and elsewhere in the 21st century.

## Other meanings

A hobby horse is not always a riding-stick like the child's toy; larger hobby horses feature in some traditional seasonal customs (such as Mummers Plays and the Morris dance in England). They vary in size from a costume for one person to large frameworks carried by nine people.

From "hobby horse" (see Etymology, below) came the expression "to ride one's hobby-horse", meaning "to follow a favourite pastime", and in turn, the modern sense of the term *hobby*.

The term is also connected to the *draisine*, a forerunner of the bicycle, invented by Baron Karl von Drais. In 1818, a London coach-maker named Denis Johnson began producing an improved version, which was popularly known as the "hobby-horse".

The artistic movement, Dada, is possibly named after a French child's word for hobby-horse.

## Etymology

The word *hobby* is glossed by the OED as "a small or middle-sized horse; an ambling or pacing horse; a pony." The word is attested in English from the 14th century, as Middle English *hobyn*. Old French had *hobin* or *haubby*, whence Modern French *aubin* and Italian *ubino*. But the Old French term is apparently adopted from English rather than vice versa. OED connects it to "the by-name *Hobin*, *Hobby*", a variant of *Robin*" (compare the abbreviation *Hob* for *Robert*). This appears to have been a name customarily given to a cart-horse, as attested by White Kennett in his *Parochial Antiquities* (1695), who stated that "Our ploughmen to some one of their cart-horses generally give the name of Hobin, the very word which Phil. Comines uses, Hist. VI. vii." Another familiar form of the same Christian name, *Dobbin* has also become a generic name for a cart-horse.

Samuel Johnson, *Dictionary of the English Language*, 1755, glosses "A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag."

## Further use

Hobblers or hovellers were men who kept a light horse so that they may give swift warning of threatened invasion. (Old French, hober, to move up and down; our hobby, q.v.) In medieval times their duties were to reconnoiter, to carry intelligence, to harass stragglers, to act as spies, to intercept convoys, and to pursue fugitives. Henry Spelman (d. 1641) derived the word from "hobby".

> Hobblers were another description of cavalry more lightly armed, and taken from the class of men rated at 15 pounds and upwards.
>
> John Lingard, *The History of England*, (1819), vol. iv. chap. ii. p. 116.

Border horses, called hobblers or hobbies, were small and active and trained to cross the most difficult and boggy country "and to get over where our footmen could scarce dare to follow." - George MacDonald Fraser, *The Steel Bonnets, The Story of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers*.

Hobby horse polo partly uses polo rules but has its own specialities, e.g. 'punitive sherries', and uses hobby horses instead of ponies. The hobby horse variant of polo started in 1998 as a fun sport in south western Germany and led in 2002 to the foundation of the First Kurfürstlich-Kurpfälzisch Polo-Club in Mannheim. It has since gained further interest in other German cities.

In the 21st century Hobby horsing became a popular sport among young women in Finland and spread to other countries.


title: George Ormerod

abstract: George Ormerod was an English antiquary and historian. Among his writings was a major county history of Cheshire, in North West England.

text:
# George Ormerod

**George Ormerod** JP DL FRS FSA (20 October 1785 – 9 October 1873) was an English antiquary and historian. Among his writings was a major county history of Cheshire, in North West England.

## Biography

George Ormerod was born in Manchester and educated first privately, then briefly at the King's School, Chester, before continuing his education privately again under Rev Thomas Bancroft, vicar of Bolton. He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1803, graduated BA in 1806 and received the honorary degree of MA in 1807. In 1806, when he came of age, he inherited extensive estates in Tyldesley and south Lancashire. In 1808, he married Sarah Latham, the daughter of John Latham (1761–1843), a doctor living in Bradwall Hall, Sandbach. Following their marriage they first lived in Rawtenstall but moved to Great Missenden the following year. In 1810 he was the tenant at Damhouse in Astley.

By this time he had become involved with research into the history of Cheshire and to make this task easier he bought Chorlton House and estate, which was four miles from Chester. He lived in this house from 1811 to 1823. When this historical work was completed he moved to Gloucestershire, buying the Barnesville estate at Sedbury which he renamed Sedbury Park. He lived there from 1828 until his death. While there, he was appointed as a Justice of the Peace and he served as Deputy Lieutenant for Gloucestershire in 1861. He died at Sedbury Park and was buried nearby at Tidenham.

## *History of Cheshire*

The full title of the work is *The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester... incorporated with a republication of King's Vale Royal and Leycester's Cheshire antiquities* (see Bibliography). An extremely rare initial print in two volumes with duplicated plates was followed by a general subscription in ten parts, which formed three volumes, between 1816 and 1819. Much of his research was from documents held in Chester Castle and from books and documents lent to him by Hugh Cholmondeley, Dean of Chester. He also borrowed material from some of the leading county families. Much of the transcription of these records was performed by Rev. J. Eaton, his research assistant, and by Faithful Thomas, the deputy keeper of the records at Chester Castle. Ormerod made tours of the county and claimed to have visited each township at least once.

Like other county histories of the period, the work consists mainly of family history, manorial history and antiquarian topography. He deliberately excluded reference to commerce, industry and urbanisation. Between a quarter and a third of the work was written by Ormerod himself while the rest consists of transcripts of documents and reprints of earlier works. A second edition of the work, revised and enlarged, was produced by Thomas Helsby and published between 1875 and 1882.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1819.

## Career and works

In 1816 Ormerod was responsible for organising the restoration of the Saxon crosses in Sandbach. He later became a founder member of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire in 1848 and of the Chester Archaeological Society in 1849. He was also a founder member of the Chetham Society and served as a member of its Council from its foundation in 1843 until 1848. For this society he edited *Lancashire Civil War Tracts* in 1844 and some other works. Following his move to Gloucestershire he became interested in the antiquities and Roman history of the local area, publishing a series of books and papers, including *Strigulensia* in 1861, which was about the archaeology of the local region around Chepstow Castle, which in the Middle Ages had been known as "Striguil".

## Family

On 2 August 1808, Ormerod married Sarah Latham, the eldest daughter of the physician, John Latham. They had seven sons and three daughters:

* Thomas Johnson Ormerod (1809–74), religious minister, married Maria Susan Bailey, daughter of Joseph Bailey.
* George Wareing Ormerod (1810–91), solicitor and geologist.
* John Arderne Ormerod (1813–64), religious minister, died unmarried.
* Susan Mary Ormerod (1814–96), died unmarried in Exeter.
* Henry Mere Ormerod (1816–98), solicitor.
* William Piers Ormerod (1818–60), anatomist and surgeon.
* Edward Latham Ormerod (1819–73), physician, married Mary Olivia Porter in 1853 and Maria Millet in 1856.
* Arthur Stanley Ormerod (1821–84), religious minister.
* Georgiana Elizabeth Ormerod (1822–96), scientific illustrator.
* Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828–1901), entomologist, died unmarried.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| George OrmerodJP DL FRS | |
| --- | --- |
| George Ormerod | |
| Born | 20 October 1785
Manchester, Lancashire, England |
| Died | 9 October 1873 (age 87)
Sedbury, Gloucestershire, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Education | King's School, Chester;
Brasenose College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Historian |
| Spouse | Sarah Latham |
| Children | William Piers Ormerod (anatomist);
Eleanor Anne Ormerod (entomologist) |


title: The Dying of Today

abstract: The Dying of Today is a play by British playwright Howard Barker. The play received its world premiere at London's Arcola Theatre in 2008, directed by Gerrard McArthur and performed by George Irving and Duncan Bell.

text:
# The Dying of Today

***The Dying of Today*** is a play by British playwright Howard Barker. The play received its world premiere at London's Arcola Theatre in 2008, directed by Gerrard McArthur and performed by George Irving and Duncan Bell.

## Synopsis

The play is loosely based on Thucydides' account of the destruction of the Sicilian expedition of 413BC, which saw the Athenian army and navy suffering a heavy defeat. The play investigates the bringing home of such news of military defeat, and is set in a barber shop, where a survivor of the battle brings to the news to a - at first - silent barber.

## Critical reception

Reviewer Dominic Cavendish of *The Daily Telegraph* praised the production's performances and 'interesting ideas.' Natasha Tripney in trade publication The Stage wrote that 'there is something hypnotic about these two men talking as the streets outside fill with wails of the bereaved' but also noted 'the play as a whole lacks emotional weight and feels distant, surface-skimming.'


title: Queens Moat Houses

abstract: Queens Moat Houses PLC was a British public limited company engaged primarily in the hotel business.

text:
# Queens Moat Houses

**Queens Moat Houses PLC** was a British public limited company engaged primarily in the hotel business.

## History

Queens Moat House Hotels was founded in the early 1970s by John Bairstow. By 1991, the company was the third largest hotelier in the United Kingdom, after Forte Group and Mount Charlotte. On 31 March 1993, trading in its shares was suspended after an accounting scandal. The company was subsequently investigated under Section 432(2) of the Companies Act 1985. In 1997, the company sold 25 hotels. The company was bought by Goldman Sachs in August 2005 and renamed QMH Limited. In October 2005, 9 hotels were sold for approximately £100m. In February 2013, 20 German hotels were sold to Fattal Hotels, an Israeli company. In 2014, 11 hotels were sold to Marathon Asset Management.

## InfoBox

Queens Moat Houses
| Industry | Hotels |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | John Bairstow |
| Defunct | August 2, 2004 (2004-08-02) |
| Fate | Acquired by Goldman Sachs |
| Headquarters | Britain |
| Key people | * + David Howell, Non-exec Director     + John Gale, Non-exec Director     + Martin Marcus, Deputy Chairman     + Steve Marshall, Chairman |


title: Mu Xin (artist)

abstract: Mu Xin is the pen name of Sun Pu, courtesy name Yangzhong, a Chinese painter, poet and writer. His works draw on both Chinese and Western traditions. The pen name Mu Xin is derived from Hang Dynasty Poetry 《木鐸含心》"the bronze bell has ringing heart of wood".

text:
# Mu Xin (artist)

**Mu Xin** (Chinese: 木心) is the pen name of **Sun Pu** (Chinese: 孙璞; February 14, 1927 - December 21, 2011), courtesy name Yangzhong (Chinese: 仰中), a Chinese painter, poet and writer. His works draw on both Chinese and Western traditions. The pen name Mu Xin is derived from Hang Dynasty Poetry 《木鐸含心》"the bronze bell has ringing heart of wood".

## Biography

Mu Xin was born on February 14, 1927, in Wuzhen, a historic town in Zhejiang, China, into a wealthy and prestigious family with businesses interests in Shanghai. In his early life, Mu Xin received traditional literati education. In 1946, Mu Xin started to study at the Academy of Fine Arts at Shanghai University. Mu Xin was dismissed from school by the order of the mayor of Shanghai for leading student movements in the Academy.

In 1948, Mu Xin graduated from Hangzhou National Academy of Art, where he met his mentor Lin Fengmian. After graduation, Mu Xin taught art at Hangzhou High School in the late 1940s and worked in Shanghai Arts and Crafts Institute in the 1950s and 1960s.

Purged and imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution, Mu Xin was exonerated in 1979, and lived in New York from 1982 to 2007. Mu Xin taught world literature to a group of artists in New York from 1989 to 1994. Later, his lectures were sorted out and published by Chinese artist Chen Danqing. When asked about whether his stay in New York is self-exile, Mu Xin replied: “I was just going for a long stroll to New York.”

In 2007, Mu Xin returned to his hometown Wuzhen, where he died on December 21, 2011. In 2015, the Mu Xin Museum opened in his hometown of Wuzhen.

Mu Xin never married. According to his words: "I have devoted my life to art".

## Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution was a turning point in Mu Xin's life. At that time, millions of Chinese artists and intellectuals were persecuted by the government. In 1971, the Chinese government accused Mu Xin of having illicit relationships with foreign countries. Mu Xin was arrested and imprisoned for 18 months. During this time, three of his fingers were broken, while nearly all his artworks were destroyed. From 1977-1979, Mu Xin was under house arrest. Facing miserable reality, Mu Xin protested with art. “I want to prove that I'll create art to my last breath. I'm a slave in day, but a prince at night.”

After the cultural revolution, Mu Xin often used dark colors as backdrops of his paintings, exemplified by his artwork *Tower within a tower*. Lock and tower, which reflect imprisonment, also became common imagery in his paintings and literary works.

## Career

Mu Xin left over 600 paintings in total. About 500 paintings he created in his early life were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Thirty-three ink and gouache landscapes are known to have survived. Mu Xin donated these 33 paintings to Yale University in 2003. In 2018, Mu Xin's paintings were featured in the 2018 BBC documentary series Civilisations. Mu Xin is the first, among 20th century Chinese artist, to have artwork collected by the British Museum.

The paintings of Mu Xin are primarily landscape paintings. Mu Xin creatively incorporated the techniques of traditional Chinese paintings and Western paintings. Mu Xin used both ink and paint to create art pieces. Specific objects in his landscape paintings like mountain ranges resemble that of traditional Chinese paintings, while the usage of lights and lines resembles impressionism and abstract expressionism.

Mu Xin has also made great achievements in literature. Innovatively combining fiction, prose, and philosophical reflections, Mu Xin's writing is both reminiscent of traditional Chinese culture and western deconstructionism philosophy. \[13\] His most famous literary works includes fiction *An empty room*, poem *Reminiscence of the past*, and *Literary Memoirs*, which is the complied notes of his world literature lectures

The literary works Mu Xin created in the 1950s and 1960s were bound in 20 unpublished thick volumes, which were destroyed at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. From 1971 to 1973, Mu Xin wrote 66 pages of *Prison Notes*. Later, Mu Xin published 12 literary works, including novels, poetry collections, and prose while he was in New York. In 2011, the first English translation of Mu Xin's short stories, An Empty Room, was released in the United States. In 2017, the first English translation of Mu Xin's poetry collection, Toward Bravery, was published in Britain.

In 2011, the first English translation of Mu Xin's short stories, *An Empty Room*, was released in the United States.

In 2017, the first English translation of Mu Xin's poetry, *Toward Bravery*, was published in Britain.

## Selected works

**Eroding Inscription of Han**

This painting exhibits profound influence of abstract expressionism. It has free loose lines, stacked perspective, and all-over composition. Also, the art piece incorporates traditional imagery in Chinese landscape paintings, such as mountain ranges and cottages.

**Bamboo and Plum**

Bamboo and plum are two symbols that represent purity and elegance in Chinese culture. Chinese artists often compare themselves to these two imagery to show their high morals. In traditional Chinese paintings, a certain portion of the backdrop is left blank. Mu Xin filled the entire backdrop of this art piece with dark and light green to create impressionist effects.

**Tower Within a Tower**

Chinese artist who had gone through the cultural revolution often depict imprisoned figures or express resistance. Two towers are shown in the painting, one is the tower in real world in which a figure is imprisoned, the other is the ivory tower in the figure's spiritual world. This artwork reflects Mu Xin 's resistance to real world adversities by spiritual sublimation.

## Exhibition

In 1983, an exhibition of his paintings was held at the Lincoln Center in New York City.

In 2001, an exhibition of his paintings was held at Yale University Art Gallery before touring to the David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art at the University of Chicago, the Honolulu Museum of Art, and the Asia Society in New York.

## Bibliography

* Mu Xin (2001). *The Art of Mu Xin: Landscape Paintings and Prison Notes*. Yale University Art Gallery. ISBN 9780300090758
* Mu Xin; Toming Jun Liu (2011): *An Empty Room*. New Directions. ISBN 0811219224
* Mu Xin; Mingyuan Hu (2017, 2022): *Toward Bravery and Other Poems*. Hermits United. ISBN 9781999883300; ISBN 9781999883317


title: Good Time (Sheppard song)

abstract: "Good Time" is a song by Australian indie pop group, Sheppard. It was released in 17 March 2023 as the lead single from the group's fourth studio album, Zora. A music video, directed by Josh Harris was filmed in South-East Melbourne in early 2024.

text:
# Good Time (Sheppard song)

"**Good Time**" is a song by Australian indie pop group, Sheppard. It was released in 17 March 2023 as the lead single from the group's fourth studio album, *Zora*.

A music video, directed by Josh Harris was filmed in South-East Melbourne in early 2024.

## Critical reception

Trent Titmarsh said "The first single off the band's upcoming fourth studio album, 'Good Time' is fuelled by an undeniable singalong chorus that will soon be lodged in the heads of millions across the world, as well as a whistle hook that instantly brings out the sunshine and makes you want to dive head first into a margarita somewhere on the coastline."

Steve Likoski from *Celeb Mix* called the song "a pop production masterpiece" saying "It would be an understatement to say that Sheppard's 'Good Time' is just a typical infectious pop anthem, because it is more than that, as it showcases Sheppard's incredible talent as a band."

## Charts

### Weekly chart

Weekly chart performance for "Good Times"
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 18 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Good Times"
| Chart (2023) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 60 |

## InfoBox

| "Good Time" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Sheppard | |
| from the album Zora | |
| Released | 17 March 2023 (2023-03-17) |
| Recorded | Sweden |
| Length | 2:52 |
| Label | Empire of Song |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Robin Stjernberg |
| Sheppard singles chronology | |
| "Christmas Without You"
(2021) "**Good Time**"
(2023) "Daylight"
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Good Time" on YouTube | |
|  | |