title: Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn

abstract: Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn, 177 Kan. 728 (1955), 282 P.2d 412, is a Kansas Supreme Court case in which the Kansas State Board of Review, the state censorship board, and the attorney defendants appealed the decision of the District Court of Wyandotte County. It was found that the law that allowed the board to deny a request for a permit allowing United Artists to show the motion picture The Moon is Blue in Kansas theaters was unconstitutional, and an injunction was issued prohibiting the defendants from stopping the exhibition of the film in Kansas.

text:
# Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn

***Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn***, 177 Kan. 728 (1955), 282 P.2d 412, is a Kansas Supreme Court case in which the Kansas State Board of Review, the state censorship board, and the attorney defendants appealed the decision of the District Court of Wyandotte County. It was found that the law that allowed the board to deny a request for a permit allowing United Artists to show the motion picture *The Moon is Blue* in Kansas theaters was unconstitutional, and an injunction was issued prohibiting the defendants from stopping the exhibition of the film in Kansas.

## Background

Holmby productions, the owner of the film *The Moon is Blue*, and its exclusive worldwide distributor, United Artists Corporation, pursuant to a Kansas statute (G.S. 1949, 51-103), applied for a license from the Kansas State Board of Review to distribute the film in Kansas. On June 17, 1953, the board disapproved the film:

> Sex theme throughout, too frank bedroom dialogue: many sexy words; both dialogue and action have sex as their theme.

## Appeal

The owner and distributor decided to appeal and filed suit in the District Court of Wyandotte County. After a trial, the court found the statute unconstitutional, saying that

> ...motion pictures are protected by the first and fourteenth amendments to the constitution of the United States; the statute providing for censorship is invalid, as repugnant thereto; the board's statements and reasons for its construction of the words of the statute gave each of the words a meaning so broad and vague as to render the statute unconstitutional;

a permanent injunction was entered against the defendants, prohibiting them from stopping the exhibition of the film.

## Re-examination

After the injunction was granted, on September 11, 1953, the board re-examined the film, and again disapproved the film, saying

> ... the Board has found that film to be obscene, indecent and immoral, and such as tend to debase or corrupt morals,

Being unable to stop exhibition of the film it had rejected twice, the Board appealed.

## Supreme Court of Kansas

The Supreme Court of Kansas overturned the district court and found that that the board being an executive branch agency, neither the District Court nor it could substitute its own opinion of the film, and there was no abuse of discretion on the part of the board. The court said,

> The only question before us, then, is whether the statutes under consideration are unconstitutional because they are an abridgment or contravention of the first and fourteenth amendments to the constitution of the United States, or because they are couched in language so vague and indefinite as to offend due process. We will first determine whether the words, "obscene, indecent, or immoral, or such as tend to debase or corrupt morals," are vague and indefinite terms so as to offend due process. We are of the opinion these words have an accepted, definite, and clear meaning.

### Meaning of words and prior restraint

The court went on to use ordinary dictionary entries to show the words have clearly-defined meanings. The court then looked at the plaintiff's argument that the board represented censorship or prior restraint. Examining a number of U.S. Supreme Court cases, the court looked first at *Near v. Minnesota*, 283 U.S. 697, 75 L.ed. 1357, 51 S.Ct. 625, (prior restraint of newspapers is unconstitutional), in which Justice Hughes said,

> "... the protection even as to previous restraint is not absolutely unlimited.... No one would question but that a government might prevent actual obstruction to its recruiting service or the publication of the sailing dates of transports or the number and location of troops. *On similar grounds, the primary requirements of decency may be enforced against obscene publications.*" (Our italics.)

The court also looked at *Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire*, 315 U.S. 568, 86 L.ed. 1031, 62 S.Ct. 766, ("fighting words" are not protected by the First Amendment) where Justice Murphy stated,

> "Allowing the broadest scope to the language and purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment, it is well understood that the right of free speech is not absolute at all times and under all circumstances. There are certain well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which have never been thought to raise any Constitutional problem. These include the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or \`fighting' words — those which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace."

The court then went on to look at a US Supreme Court case both sides had referenced, *Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson*, 343 U.S. 495, 96 L.ed. 1098; 72 S.Ct. 777 (New York state motion picture licensing system similar to the one in Kansas, which prohibited "sacrilegious" films was unconstitutional) in which the U.S. Supreme Court said,

> ... it is not necessary for us to decide, for example, whether a state may censor motion pictures under a clearly drawn statute designed and applied to prevent the showing of obscene films.

### Findings

Since the court in *Burstyn* had excepted obscenity from First Amendment protection, the State Board of Review classifying the film as obscene meant the Board was within its power to ban the film. The court overturned the decision of the trial court and instructed it to reinstate the decision of the Board.

## US Supreme Court

United Artists, the distributor, appealed to the US Supreme Court. The decision *per curiam* (by the entire court), *Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn*, 350 U.S. 870, literally consisted entirely of

> Judgment reversed.

The use of a "shotgun approach" to obscenity was disavowed and overturned.

## Aftermath

As a result, the distributor was now able to exhibit the film in Kansas. The decision of the US Supreme Court reversing the case was recognized by the highest courts of other states that Kansas's Censorship Statute was unconstitutional. The US Supreme Court, in *Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. Dallas*, 390 U.S. 676 (1968), recognized that its decision in *Holmby* struck down the Kansas Film Censorship statute as unconstitutional.

Ten years later, in *Freedman v. Maryland*, 380 U.S. 51 (1965), the US Supreme Court ruled that censorship boards had no power to ban a film and that laws allowing bans were unconstitutional. A board could approve a film or had to sue to stop a film's exhibition.

## InfoBox

| Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn | |
| --- | --- |
| Court | Supreme Court of Kansas |
| Full case name | *Holmby Productions, Incorporated, and United Artists Corporation, Appellees, v. Mrs. Frances Vaughn, Mrs. J.R. Stowers and Mrs. Bertha Hall, constituting The Kansas State Board of Review; Harold R. Fatzer, Attorney General of the State of Kansas; and Donald E. Martin, County Attorney of Wyandotte County, Kansas, Appellants.* |
| Decided | April 9, 1955 |
| Citations | Holmby Productions inc v. Vaughn; 282 P.2d 412 |
| Case history | |
| Appealed from | District court of Wyandotte county |
| Appealed to | United States Supreme Court |
| Subsequent actions | Judgment reversed, 350 U.S. 870 |
| Holding | |
| The original trial court decision, finding that the censorship statute is unconstitutional, is overturned; under the statute, a court can only overturn the board judgment if it is clearly wrong; the denial of the permit is upheld | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief judge | William West Harvey |
| Case opinions | |
| Decision by | Clair E. Robb |
| Laws applied | |
| G.S. 1949, 51-102, 51-103, 51-107 | |


title: Nishikawa Joken

abstract: Nishikawa Joken was an Edo period Japanese geographer and astronomer, and author of the encyclopaedic text Ka'i tsūshō kō. He played a role in popularizing early modern European astronomy in Japan through works such as Tenmon Giron.

text:
# Nishikawa Joken

**Nishikawa Joken** (西川 如見, 1648  November 9, 1724) was an Edo period Japanese geographer and astronomer, and author of the encyclopaedic text *Ka'i tsūshō kō* (*Thoughts on trade and communication with the civilised and the barbaric*). He played a role in popularizing early modern European astronomy in Japan through works such as *Tenmon Giron* (*A Discussion of Astronomy*).

## Contributions to Neo-Confucian philosophy

Nishikawa's writings on astronomy are notable for reworking Neo-Confucian philosophical ideas in light of the success of Western science; his idea of science separated metaphysical and ethical ideas from empirical observation, whereas Confucianism traditionally saw moral cultivation and empirical study as linked. This new conception of Confucianism became non-empirical but also allowed Japanese cultural and political ideas to accommodate European science.

Nishikawa's philosophical ideas may have influenced Tokugawa Yoshimune through a series of lectures on astronomy that Nishikawa delivered before the Shōgun in 1720. After the lectures, Yoshimune relaxed the rules on the importation of European books, which had previously been highly restricted by the *Sakoku* policy.


title: Hopea vesquei

abstract: Hopea vesquei is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. It is named for the French botanist Julien Joseph Vesque.

text:
# Hopea vesquei

***Hopea vesquei*** is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. It is named for the French botanist Julien Joseph Vesque.

## Description

*Hopea vesquei* grows below the forest canopy, up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 30 cm (12 in). It has buttresses up to 80 cm (30 in) tall and stilt roots. The bark is cracked in places. The leathery leaves are ovate and measure up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. The inflorescences measure up to 3 cm (1 in) long and bear up to five cream yellowish flowers. The nuts are cylindrical and measure up to 1.5 cm (0.6 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

*Hopea vesquei* is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is in *kerangas* and lowland mixed dipterocarp forests, to elevations of 500 m (1,600 ft).

## InfoBox

| *Hopea vesquei* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Genus: | *Hopea* |
| Species: | ***H. vesquei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hopea vesquei***
F.Heim | |
|


title: Hopea tenuinervula

abstract: Hopea tenuinervula is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet tenuinervula means 'slender nerve', referring to the leaf veins.

text:
# Hopea tenuinervula

***Hopea tenuinervula*** is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet *tenuinervula* means 'slender nerve', referring to the leaf veins.

## Description

*Hopea tenuinervula* grows below the forest canopy, up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 35 cm (14 in). It has buttresses and stilt roots up to 1 m (3 ft) tall. The bark is flaky and reddish-brown in patches. The leathery leaves are shaped ovate to lanceolate and measure up to 27 cm (11 in) long. The inflorescences measure up to 8 cm (3 in) long and bear up to four yellow flowers. The nuts are egg-shaped and measure up to 1.2 cm (0.5 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

*Hopea tenuinervula* is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests, to elevations of 400 m (1,300 ft).

## Conservation

*Hopea tenuinervula* has been assessed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by logging for its timber and conversion of land for plantations. The species is found in some protected areas.

## InfoBox

| *Hopea tenuinervula* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Genus: | *Hopea* |
| Species: | ***H. tenuinervula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hopea tenuinervula***
P.S.Ashton | |
|


title: Nkantolo

abstract: Nkantolo is a village in Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is known as the birthplace of former African National Congress president and revolutionary, Oliver Tambo.

text:
# Nkantolo

**Nkantolo** is a village in Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is known as the birthplace of former African National Congress president and revolutionary, Oliver Tambo.

## InfoBox

| Nkantolo | |
| --- | --- |
| NkantoloNkantolo | |
| Coordinates: 30°46′59″S 29°40′12″E / 30.783°S 29.670°E / -30.783; 29.670 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Eastern Cape |
| District | Alfred Nzo |
| Municipality | Winnie Madikizela-Mandela |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.95 km2 (1.53 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,138 |
| Density | 290/km2 (750/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 99.7% |
| Coloured | 0.1% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.1% |
| White | 0.1% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Xhosa | 95.4% |
| English | 1.7% |
| Sotho | 1.1% |
| Other | 1.8% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |


title: Nikolas Besagno

abstract: Nikolas Besagno is an American former soccer player who is currently the manager of Washington Crossfire of the USL Premier Development League.

text:
# Nikolas Besagno

**Nikolas Besagno** (born November 15, 1988) is an American former soccer player who is currently the manager of Washington Crossfire of the USL Premier Development League.

## Career

### Professional

One of the most touted young players in the country, Besagno became the first overall pick of the 2005 MLS SuperDraft when he was drafted by his former United States Under-17 coach and then Salt Lake boss John Ellinger. At the age of 16, Besagno, who signed a Generation Adidas contract with MLS, became the second-youngest player in league history to be drafted, behind 2004's number one overall choice, 14-year-old Freddy Adu. In June 2008, Real Salt Lake loaned Besagno for ninety days to the Seattle Sounders of the USL First Division. His older brother Jacob Besagno had previously spent two seasons with Seattle.

On November 24, 2008, Besagno was released by Real Salt Lake. Besagno started 2009 in camp with Seattle Sounders FC, but was cut toward the end of January. Having been unable to secure a professional contract, Besagno signed with Tacoma Tide of the USL Premier Development League for the 2009 season. Besagno was playing for PDL rival. On January 1, 2013 , Besagno retired. Washington Crossfire.

### International

Besagno, a graduate of the Bradenton Academy, was a regular for the Under-17 United States national team, and later moved up to the Under-20 squad. In 2005, he played two games for the USA U-17 team at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

## InfoBox

Nikolas Besagno
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nikolas Besagno | | |
| Date of birth | (1988-11-15) November 15, 1988 | | |
| Place of birth | Maple Valley, Washington, United States | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Washington Crossfire (manager) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2004–2005 | IMG Soccer Academy | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2008 | Real Salt Lake | 8 | (0) |
| 2008 | Seattle Sounders (loan) | 10 | (0) |
| 2009 | Tacoma Tide | 15 | (2) |
| 2010–2011 | Kitsap Pumas | 27 | (4) |
| 2012–2013 | Washington Crossfire | 14 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2005 | United States U17 | 2 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2013– | Washington Crossfire | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of June 1, 2013<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of May 13, 2009 | | | |


title: Nikolas Bentel

abstract: Nikolas Gregory Bentel also known as Nik Bentel is an Italian-American artist and designer based in New York. He is the founder and owner of an art studio, Nik Bentel Studio.

text:
# Nikolas Bentel

**Nikolas Gregory Bentel** also known as Nik Bentel (born November 23, 1993) is an Italian-American artist and designer based in New York. He is the founder and owner of an art studio, Nik Bentel Studio.

## Early life and education

Nikolas Bentel was born on November 23, 1993, to architects Carol Bentel and Paul Bentel. Raised in New York, Bentel graduated from the Brown University and Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) Dual Degree Program in 2017. He studied modern culture and media at Brown University and industrial design at RISD. Later, Bentel received a master of architecture from Columbia University, Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation, in 2022.

## Career

He uses alternate forms of product design, advertising, and performance art. Bentel designs and releases small, limited-edition objects. He founded Nik Bentel Studio in 2017, and since then, he has been serving as its owner. In the following year, Bentel purchased a 1973 untitled print by Robert Rauschenberg and created The Erased Rauschenberg. The art piece was auctioned for $20,000.

## Personal life

Bentel has a twin sister, Michela Bentel, and a brother, Lukas. Both his siblings are artists.

## Selected projects

* Chalk Drawers
* The Erased Rauschenberg Art Piece, 2018
* The Scrap Stool
* All Purpose Nik
* The Botticelli Dress
* The Loopy Chair, 2021
* Pasta Bag, 2021
* Wiggle Pipe, 2022
* Shipping Box Bag, 2022
* TUMS Limited Edition Bag, 2023

## InfoBox

| Nikolas Bentel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1993-11-23) November 23, 1993 |
| Nationality | Italian, American |
| Education | Brown University (BA), Rhode Island School of Design (BFA),<br>Columbia University (MArch) |
| Occupation(s) | Designer, Artist |
| Website | https://nikbentel.com/ |


title: Nine Barrow Down

abstract: Nine Barrow Down is an elongated hill forming the northern ridge of the Purbeck Hills on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England. The chalk down is part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation. The eastern end of the ridge, which carries the highest point, is also sometimes known as Godlingston Hill. The col of the railway cutting at Harman's Cross means that it has sufficient relative height that it qualifies as a Marilyn. The hill has views to the north across Poole Harbour. On a clear day it is possible to see as far as the Spinnaker Tower in Portsmouth. To the south is the other ridge of the Purbeck Hills including Swyre Head. To the south-east Swanage and its Bay can be seen. Until recently the hill was topped with a trig point, but this has been removed by the farmer with the permission of Ordnance Survey: the trig point and its concrete base can be seen on its side just to the south of the bridleway. The highest point is within a field marked "No public access". It is also the site for the 2 kW Heart South Coast Transmitter on 102.3 and for the NOW Digital Multiplexes.

text:
# Nine Barrow Down

**Nine Barrow Down** is an elongated hill forming the northern ridge of the Purbeck Hills on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England. The chalk down is part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation. The eastern end of the ridge, which carries the highest point, is also sometimes known as Godlingston Hill. The col of the railway cutting at Harman's Cross means that it has sufficient relative height that it qualifies as a Marilyn.

The hill has views to the north across Poole Harbour. On a clear day it is possible to see as far as the Spinnaker Tower in Portsmouth. To the south is the other ridge of the Purbeck Hills including Swyre Head. To the south-east Swanage and its Bay can be seen.

Until recently the hill was topped with a trig point, but this has been removed by the farmer with the permission of Ordnance Survey: the trig point and its concrete base can be seen on its side just to the south of the bridleway. The highest point is within a field marked "No public access".

It is also the site for the 2 kW Heart South Coast Transmitter on 102.3 and for the NOW Digital Multiplexes.

## Ecology

Ecologically the ridge is largely calcareous grassland grazed by cattle, sheep and rabbits, with limited arable use.

## Archaeology

Along the ridge there are 18 Bronze Age bowl barrows collectively known as the *Nine Barrow Down round barrow cemetery* and a Neolithic long barrow. These have been collectively designated as a scheduled monument.

50°37′47″N 1°59′24″W / 50.62960°N 1.99005°W / 50.62960; -1.99005

## InfoBox

| Nine Barrow Down | |
| --- | --- |
| Nine Barrow Down from the north of Swyre Head | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 199 m (653 ft) |
| Prominence | *c.* 152 metres (499 ft) |
| Parent peak | Lewesdon Hill |
| Listing | Marilyn |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Purbeck Hills, England |
| OS grid | SZ008811 |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 195<br>*Explorer* 15E |


title: Nine Black Robes

abstract: Nine Black Robes: Inside the Supreme Court's Drive to the Right and Its Historic Consequences is a nonfiction book written by Joan Biskupic. It was published by William Morrow in 2023.

text:
# Nine Black Robes

***Nine Black Robes: Inside the Supreme Court's Drive to the Right and Its Historic Consequences*** is a nonfiction book written by Joan Biskupic. It was published by William Morrow in 2023.

## Synopsis

Biskupic depicts the United States Supreme Court's rightward shift after Donald Trump's appointment of three justices and the consequences of that shift. She also tells the collective story of the Supreme Court. And in this story, the public events that happened during Trump's presidency mesh with lesser-known internal conflicts, as well as behind-the-scenes disagreements among the justices.

Also included in this story are others who helped Trump find and select the nominees, and in what manner the nominees themselves were directed through the vetting and Senate hearings. Furthermore, Biskupic sheds light on a reticent Supreme Court, an institution usually closed off to public scrutiny. The book additionally shows that the court is struggling with serious issues.

## Background

Biskupic has extensive experience as a journalist. She was a reporter for the *Washington Post* and is currently a CNN analyst. Prior to writing *Nine Black Robes*, she wrote four well-received individual Supreme Court Justices' biographies: Chief Justice John Roberts, and Justices Antonin Scalia, Sandra Day O'Connor, and Sonia Sotomayor. The book chronicles six years from the 2016 death of Justice Antonin Scalia to Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson's nomination in 2022 by President Joe Biden. The author conducted more than one hundred interviews for this book, including "a majority of the justices".

## Contrasting views

Contrasting views about the tenor of this book are presented and discussed in the American media.

Sam Tanenhaus, writing for the *New York Times*, says this book is "informative, briskly paced and gracefully written." Laurence Tribe, for the *New York Review* refers to this book as "notable" and that the author "pulls no punches". Quinta Jurecic of the *Washington Post* says, "Biskupic opens a window onto the opaque, insular world of the justices..."

However, Kyle Peterson, reviewing this book for *The Wall Street Journal*, contrasts with those other media outlets by describing Biskupic's book as partisan rather than objective. Likewise, George Leef, who wrote a short review of this book for the *National Review*, also assessed the book as partisan. In his review, Leef cites a critique of this book by John O. McGinnis writing for *Law & Liberty*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Nine Black Robes: Inside the Supreme Court's Drive to the Right and Its Historic Consequences
| 2023 Book jacket | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Joan Biskupic |
| Subject | Judges United States History 21st century, United States Politics and government, United States. Supreme Court History 21st century |
| Genre | Creative nonfiction |
| Set in | The United States |
| Published | 2023 |
| Publisher | William Morris |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print, E-book, Audio |
| Pages | 401 |
| ISBN | 9780063052789 |
| OCLC | 1373611873 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Nisholda

abstract: Nisholda, also spelled as nishallo, nishaldo, or nisholda is a sweet dish that resembles white jam, only thicker. It is popular in Afghan, Iranian, Tajik, and Uzbek cuisines. Nisholda is also a traditional dish among the Bukharan Jews. The people who make nisholda in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are called nishallopaz. Nisholda is traditionally prepared during the month of Ramadan (Ramazan) and consumed by those who fast during iftar, along with breads, and washed down with hot tea.

text:
# Nisholda

**Nisholda**, also spelled as nishallo, nishaldo, or nisholda (Persian: نشلا; Bukharian dialect: Нишалло; Tajik: Нишолло ; Uzbek: Nisholda) is a sweet dish that resembles white jam, only thicker. It is popular in Afghan, Iranian, Tajik, and Uzbek cuisines. Nisholda is also a traditional dish among the Bukharan (Central Asian, Samarkand) Jews.

The people who make nisholda in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are called nishallopaz.

Nisholda is traditionally prepared during the month of Ramadan (Ramazan) and consumed by those who fast during iftar, along with breads, and washed down with hot tea (usually green).

## Preparation

Raw egg whites from four eggs are whipped until they increase in volume several times, to the state where thick foam stays on the spoon. After that, the soap root is peeled, cut into pieces and boiled in water for 25 minutes. Some people replace the soap root with licorice syrup. The ready-made broth is cooled and added to the whipped egg whites and whipped again.

Meanwhile, a syrup is boiled from sugar, citric acid and water. After that, this cooled syrup is added to the whipped egg white foam and continuously stirred until the whole mass becomes homogeneous, similar to thick sour cream.

Nisholda is stirred with a special wooden spoon. The ready-made nisholda is served in a bowl or a large plate. Traditionally, a pinch of anise powder is sprinkled over the nisholda, some people add vanilla.

In Tashkent, and in the other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the delicacy is sold at bazaars right in huge pots, cauldrons. Since the eggs are not heat-treated during the preparation, it is best to use pasteurized whites or well-washed fresh eggs from a trusted manufacturer.

The syrup should not separate from the foam and settle to the bottom of well-whipped nisholda. For flavor, citric acid and vanilla are added to the nisholda when whipping. Served in bowls, cups, or vases with tea, at festive receptions.

## Bibliography

* *O'zbekiston Milliy Ensiklopediyasi . N harfi* (PDF). Tashkent: «Ўзбекистон миллий энциклопедияси» Давлат илмий нашриёти. 2000. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
* *Кулинарный словарь*. p. 257.

## InfoBox

Nisholda
| Alternative names | Nishallo, nishaldo, nisholda |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Dessert |
| Place of origin | Central Asia |
| Associated cuisine | Afghan, Iranian, Tajik, Uzbek, Bukharan Jewish |
| Serving temperature | Cold |
| Main ingredients | Egg whites, sugar, soap root or licorice syrup |
| Ingredients generally used | Citric acid, vanilla, anise powder |
| Food energy
(per 100  serving) | 200 kcal (837 kJ) |
| Nutritional value
(per 100  serving) | Protein 5   Fat 0   Carbohydrate 50 |


title: Hopewell, DeKalb County, Indiana

abstract: Hopewell is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township, DeKalb County, Indiana.

text:
# Hopewell, DeKalb County, Indiana

**Hopewell** is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township, DeKalb County, Indiana.

## Geography

Hopewell is located at 41°16′52″N 85°01′14″W / 41.28111°N 85.02056°W / 41.28111; -85.02056.

1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "Hopewell, DeKalb County, Indiana". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 17, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Hopewell | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| HopewellHopewell | |
| Coordinates: 41°16′52″N 85°01′14″W / 41.28111°N 85.02056°W / 41.28111; -85.02056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | DeKalb |
| Township | Jackson |
| Elevation | 850 ft (260 m) |
| ZIP code | 46706 |
| FIPS code | 18-34755 |
| GNIS feature ID | 436444 |


title: No. 156 Helicopter Unit, IAF

abstract: No. 156 Helicopter Unit is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with Mil Mi-17V5 and based at Bagdogra Air Force Station.

text:
# No. 156 Helicopter Unit, IAF

**No. 156 Helicopter Unit** is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with Mil Mi-17V5 and based at Bagdogra Air Force Station.

## History

### Assignments

### Aircraft

## InfoBox

| No. 156 Helicopter Unit | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 23 January 2012 - Present |
| Country | Republic of India |
| Branch | Indian Air Force |
| Garrison/HQ | Bagdogra AFS |
| Nickname(s) | "Armoured Kestrels" |
| Motto(s) | *Sahase Shauryam Sevasya Siddham* |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | Mil Mi-17V5 |


title: Holy Ghost Building

abstract: Holy Ghost Building is a 2008 album by the Sacramento-based rock band The 77s.

text:
# Holy Ghost Building

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Phantom Tollbooth |  |
| *Christianity Today* |  |

***Holy Ghost Building*** is a 2008 album by the Sacramento-based rock band The 77s.

## Track listing

1. "I'm Working on a Building"
2. "Keep Your Lamps Trimmed and Burning"
3. "Stranger, Won't You Change Your Sinful Ways"
4. "I'll Remember You, Love, in My Prayers"
5. "You're Gonna Be Sorry"
6. "What Would You Give in Exchange for Your Soul"
7. "He's a Mighty Good Leader"
8. "When My Blue Moon Turns to Gold Again"
9. "Everybody Ought to Pray Sometime"
10. "City of Refuge"
11. "A Lifetime Without You"

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Holy Ghost Building | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The 77s | |
| Released | 2008 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Fools of the World/Lo-Fidelity |
| Producer | The 77s, Mike Beidler (executive producer) |
| The 77s chronology | |
| *Direct*
(2002) ***Holy Ghost Building***
(2008) | |


title: Holy Ghost!

abstract: Holy Ghost! were an American synthpop duo from Brooklyn, New York City. Founded in 2007, the duo consisted of Nick Millhiser and Alex Frankel.

text:
# Holy Ghost!

**Holy Ghost!** were an American synthpop duo from Brooklyn, New York City. Founded in 2007, the duo consisted of Nick Millhiser and Alex Frankel.

## History

Millhiser and Frankel both grew up on the Upper West Side of New York City and attended Trevor Day School together. They were later part of a hip hop group called Automato. Automato's debut album was produced by James Murphy and Tim Goldsworthy of DFA. According to Frankel, after the release of the album, Automato "kind of fell apart". Millhiser and Frankel kept working on music, their collaboration having already begun moving towards the alternative dance genre.

The name Holy Ghost! was selected just before the pressing of their debut single "Hold On" in November 2007. The single was described by *Resident Advisor* as "one of the dirtiest little Italo tunes you're likely to hear this year".

The duo continued to work on various remixes for the likes of Moby, Cut Copy and MGMT. Their second single, "I Will Come Back" was initially released in conjunction with Mountain Dew's Green Label Sound record label. A video was made for the single that is a shot-for-shot remake of New Order's "Confusion" video, including Arthur Baker reprising his role from the original. The song was later included on the *Static on the Wire* EP, released on the 18 May 2010. The duo also began to play live, starting with a tour with label mates LCD Soundsystem.

The duo's self-titled debut album was released on April 2, 2011. Their second album, *Dynamics*, was released on September 3, 2013. The duo's second extended play, *Crime Cutz*, was released on April 29, 2016. Their third album, *Work*, was released on June 21, 2019.

## Discography

### Albums

### Extended plays

### Mix albums

* *The Remixes Vol. 1* (2009)
* *Work for Hire* (2015)

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Hold On" | 2007 | Non-album single |
| "I Will Come Back" | 2009 | *Static on the Wire* |
| "Hold On"/"On Board" (Friendly Fires vs Holy Ghost!) | 2010 | Non-album single |
| | "Say My Name" | *Static on the Wire* |
| "Do It Again" | 2011 | *Holy Ghost!* |
| | | "Wait & See" |
| | | "Hold My Breath" |
| | "I Wanted to Tell Her" | Non-album single |
| "It's Not Over" | 2012 | *Holy Ghost!* |
| | "It Gets Dark" | Non-album single |
| "Dumb Disco Ideas" | 2013 | *Dynamics* |
| | "Teenagers in Heat" | Non-album single |
| | "Okay" | *Dynamics* |
| | "Bridge & Tunnel" | 2014 |
| "Crime Cutz" | 2016 | *Crime Cutz* |
| "Anxious" | 2018 | *Work* |
| "Epton on Broadway (Part I & Part II)" | | 2019 |
| | | "Escape from Los Angeles" |
|

## Remixes

## Members

* Nick Millhiser
* Alex Frankel

### Touring members

* Chris Maher – guitar, percussion, background vocals (2010–present)
* Erik Tonnesen – synthesizers, background vocals (2010–present)
* Sam Jones – synthesizers, percussion, background vocals (2011–present)
* Chris Berry - drums (2014–present)
* Jim Orso – drums, background vocals (2011–2014)

## InfoBox

| Holy Ghost! | |
| --- | --- |
| Holy Ghost! performing at North Coast Music Festival in Chicago, September 5, 2010 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2007–2019 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members | * Nick Millhiser * Alex Frankel |
|  | |
| Website | www.holyghostnyc.net (inactive) |


abstract: Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70) is a compilation album by avant-garde saxophonist Albert Ayler released by Revenant Records in 2004. The 9-CD Box Set, housed in a reproduction "Spirit Box" contains live performances recorded by Ayler in Helsinki, Copenhagen, New York City, Cleveland, Berlin, Rotterdam, Newport and Saint-Paul-de-Vence over an eight-year period and features a variety of line-ups which include Cecil Taylor, Sunny Murray, Jimmy Lyons, Gary Peacock, Don Cherry, Rashied Ali, Milford Graves, Donald Ayler, Ronald Shannon Jackson, Michael Samson, Frank Wright, Beaver Harris, Pharoah Sanders, Richard Davis, Sam Rivers, and Muhammad Ali. The set includes two discs of interviews, a 208-page book featuring essays by Val Wilmer, Amiri Baraka, and others, reproductions of memorabilia, a dried dogwood flower, and a bonus disc featuring Ayler's recordings with the 76th A.G. Army Band.

text:
# Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70)

***Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70)*** is a compilation album by avant-garde saxophonist Albert Ayler released by Revenant Records in 2004.

The 9-CD Box Set, housed in a reproduction "Spirit Box" contains live performances recorded by Ayler in Helsinki, Copenhagen, New York City, Cleveland, Berlin, Rotterdam, Newport and Saint-Paul-de-Vence over an eight-year period and features a variety of line-ups which include Cecil Taylor, Sunny Murray, Jimmy Lyons, Gary Peacock, Don Cherry, Rashied Ali, Milford Graves, Donald Ayler, Ronald Shannon Jackson, Michael Samson, Frank Wright, Beaver Harris, Pharoah Sanders, Richard Davis, Sam Rivers, and Muhammad Ali.

The set includes two discs of interviews, a 208-page book featuring essays by Val Wilmer, Amiri Baraka, and others, reproductions of memorabilia, a dried dogwood flower, and a bonus disc featuring Ayler's recordings with the 76th A.G. Army Band.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek states the following:

> Revenant's amazing package certainly adds weight and heft to the argument for Ayler's true place in the jazz pantheon, not only as a practitioner of free jazz but as one of the music's true innovators...What Revenant has accomplished is to shine light into the darkened corners of myth and apocrypha; the label has added flesh-and-bone documented history to the ghost of a giant. Ayler struggled musically and personally to find and hold onto the elusive musical/spiritual balance that grace kissed him with only a few times during his lifetime—on tape anyway. But the quest for that prize, presented here, adds immeasurably to both the legend and the achievement.

The authors of *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* awarded the album a full four stars, calling it "a titanic body of material... the Holy Grail of Ayler studies."

*The Wire* named the box set the "record of the year" in its annual critics' poll. In December 2005, art directors Susan Archie and Noel Waggener were nominated for a 2006 Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package for *Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70)*.

## Track listing

*All compositions by Albert Ayler except as indicated*

**Disc One**

1. "Sonnymoon for Two" (Sonny Rollins) - 8:32
2. "Summertime" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 6:56
3. "On Green Dolphin Street" (Bronislau Kaper) - 3:33
4. *Spoken Introduction by Broadcast Announcer and Borge Roger Henrichsen* \- 0:41
5. "Four" (Cecil Taylor) - 21:50
6. "Spirits" \[Incomplete Take\] - 6:44
7. "Saints" - 10:34
8. "Ghosts" \[Incomplete Take\] - 10:55

Recorded June 30, 1962, in Helsinki, Finland (tracks 1–3), November 16, 1962, in Copenhagen, Denmark (tracks 4–5) and June 14, 1964, at the Cellar Cafe in New York City (tracks 6–8)

**Disc Two**

1. "The Wizard" - 6:56
2. "Children" - 9:04
3. "Spirits" \[Theme\] - 0:31
4. *Spoken Radio Introduction* \- 0:55
5. "Spirits" - 8:43
6. "Vibrations" - 8:22
7. "Tune Q" \[Untitled Track\] - 8:58
8. "Mothers" - 7:52
9. "Children" - 8:38
10. "Spirits" \[Theme\] - 1:26
11. "Untitled" \[Untitled Track\] (Collective) - 8:56

Recorded June 14, 1964, in New York City (tracks 1–3), September 3, 1964, at Cafe Monmartre in Copenhagen, Denmark (tracks 4–10) and February 1966 at Slugs' in New York City (track 11)

**Disc Three**

1. *Spoken Introduction by Peter Bergman* \- 1:02
2. "Spirits Rejoice" - 4:39
3. "D.C." (Don Cherry) - 5:58
4. "Untitled Minor Waltz" - 7:03
5. "Our Prayer" (Donald Ayler) - 6:36
6. *Spoken Introduction by Peter Bergman* \- 1:12
7. "F# Tune" \[Untitled Track\] - 15:20
8. "Ghosts" - 6:44
9. "Spirits Rejoice" - 6:31
10. "Prophet/Ghosts/Spiritual Bells" - 14:32
11. "Our Prayer/Spirits Rejoice" (Don Ayler/Albert Ayler) - 9:42

Recorded April 16 (tracks 1–8) & 17 (tracks 9–11), 1966 at La Cave in Cleveland

**Disc Four**

1. "Untitled/Truth Is Marching In" - 15:40
2. "Spirits" - 9:23
3. "Zion Hill" - 12:39
4. "Spirits" - 7:00
5. "Spiritual Bells" - 3:53
6. "F# Tune" \[Untitled Track\] - 9:17

Recorded April 17, 1966, at La Cave in Cleveland

**Disc Five**

1. *Concert Announcement by Ralf Schulte-Bahrenberg* \- 1:09
2. "Ghosts/Bells" - 11:15
3. "Truth Is Marching In" - 7:07
4. "Omega" - 3:48
5. "Our Prayer" (Don Ayler) - 4:42
6. *Spoken Introduction by Peter DeWit* \- 1:25
7. "Truth Is Marching In" - 11:13
8. "Bells" - 5:34
9. "Spirits Rejoice" - 10:51
10. "Free Spiritual Music, Part IV" - 6:45

Recorded November 3, 1966, at the Berlin Philharmonie, Germany (tracks 1–5) and November 8, 1966, at De Doelen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (tracks 6–10)

**Disc Six**

1. "Truth Is Marching In/Omega" - 9:08
2. "Japan/Universal Indians" (Traditional/Albert Ayler) - 5:45
3. "Our Prayer" (Don Ayler) - 8:25
4. "Love Cry/Truth Is Marching In/Our Prayer" (Albert Ayler/Albert Ayler/Don Ayler) - 6:26
5. "Venus/Upper and Lower Egypt" (Pharoah Sanders) - 23:04
6. "Blues" \[Untitled Track\] - 6:09
7. "Sermon" \[Untitled Track\] - 0:55
8. "Thank God for Women" (Albert Ayler, Mary Parks) - 10:20
9. "New Ghosts" \[Demo Fragments\] (Albert Ayler, Mary Parks) - 7:09

Recorded June 30/July 31, 1967, at Freebody Park, Newport, Rhode Island (tracks 1–3), July 27, 1967, at St. Peter's Lutheran Church, New York City (track 4), January 21, 1968, at the Renaissance Ballroom, New York City (track 5) and late August 1968 in New York City (tracks 6–9)

**Disc Seven**

1. "Prophet John" (Don Ayler) - 10:53
2. "Judge Ye Not" (Don Ayler) - 10:19
3. "Mothers/Children" - 8:41
4. "Untitled" \[Incomplete Take\] - 14:18
5. "C Minor" \[Untitled Track\] - 5:21
6. "F Minor/C Minor" \[Untitled Track\] - 10:38

Recorded January 11, 1969, at Town Hall, New York City (tracks 1–2), July 28, 1970, at La Colle sur Loup, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (tracks 3–6)

**Disc Eight**
*Albert Ayler interviews with Birger Jorgense and Daniel Caux*

Recorded December 1964 & November 1966 in Copenhagen, Denmark; and July 27, 1970, in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France

**Disc Nine**
*Albert Ayler interview with Kiyoshi Koyama*
*Don and Mocqui Cherry Interview with Daniel Caux*

Recorded July 25, 1970, in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France; and Paris, France in 1971

**Bonus Disc**

1. "Tenderly" (Walter Gross, Jack Lawrence) - 4:32
2. "Leap Frog" (Joe Garland) - 3:15

Recorded September 14, 1960, in Orleans, France

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Albert Ayler | |
| Released | October 9, 2004 |
| Recorded | September 14, 1960 – 1971 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Label | Revenant |


title: Niouldé

abstract: Niouldé is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Kaadé, Guiglo Department, Cavally Region, Montagnes District. Niouldé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

text:
# Niouldé

**Niouldé** is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Kaadé, Guiglo Department, Cavally Region, Montagnes District.

Niouldé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

6°33′N 7°40′W / 6.550°N 7.667°W / 6.550; -7.667

## InfoBox

| Niouldé | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| NiouldéLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 6°33′N 7°40′W / 6.550°N 7.667°W / 6.550; -7.667 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Montagnes |
| Region | Cavally |
| Department | Guiglo |
| Sub-prefecture | Kaadé |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Holy Bull Stakes

abstract: The Holy Bull Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three year old horses run over the distance of one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt, held annually in January at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale Beach, Florida. The event currently carries a purse of $250,000.

text:
# Holy Bull Stakes

The **Holy Bull Stakes** is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three year old horses run over the distance of one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt, held annually in January at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale Beach, Florida. The event currently carries a purse of $250,000.

## History

The event was inaugurated on 7 April 1990 as the **Preview Stakes** over a distance of 1+18 miles, and it was created as a replacement for the Flamingo Stakes that ceased to exist following the closure of Hialeah Park Race Track. The event was held three weeks after the Florida Derby and the winner Home At Last did not run in any of the Triple Crown Races.

In 1991 the distance was decreased to 1+116 miles and in 1992 the event was rescheduled to early February thus becoming a preparatory race for the Florida Derby.

In 1995 the Preview Stakes was upgraded to a Grade III. That same year Gulfstream Park scheduled an event in March in honor of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame horse **Holy Bull** who had won the Florida Derby in 1994.

The following year in 1996, Gulfstream Park replaced the Preview Stakes with the Holy Bull Stakes which assumed the classification of the event.

In 2008 the event was scheduled in April after the Florida Derby and run over a distance of 1+316 miles.

The event was upgraded to Grade II in 2014 and held this status until 2019. The event was degraded to Grade III for 2020.

The event has produced Classic winners. The 1994 winner Go for Gin won the Kentucky Derby. In 2006 Barbaro won the event for his fourth straight win continuing on to win the Florida Derby and the Kentucky Derby. In 2020 Tiz the Law also won the Florida Derby continuing on to win the Belmont Stakes when it was held in late June and was the first event in the Triple Crown series which was rescheduled to due to COVID-19 pandemic.

The event is part of the Road to the Kentucky Derby with qualification points given to the first four placegetters.

## Records

**Speed record:**

**Margins:**

* 8 lengths  Suave Prospect (1995)

**Most wins by a trainer:**

**Most wins by a jockey:**

**Most wins by an owner:**

* 2 – William J. Condren (1994, 1995)
* 2 – Paul Braverman (2014, 2019)

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Distance | Time | Purse | Grade | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Holy Bull Stakes** | | | | | | | | | |
| 2024 | Hades | Paco Lopez | Joseph Orseno | D. J. Stable & Robert Cotran | 1+116 miles | 1:46.07 | $260,000 | III |  |
| 2023 | Rocket Can | Junior Alvarado | William I. Mott | Frank Fletcher Racing Operations | 1+116 miles | 1:44.97 | $250,000 | III |  |
| 2022 | White Abarrio | Tyler Gaffalione | Saffie A. Joseph Jr. | C2 Racing Stable & La Milagrosa Stable | 1+116 miles | 1:42.80 | $250,000 | III |  |
| 2021 | Greatest Honour | Jose L. Ortiz | Claude R. McGaughey III | Courtlandt Farms | 1+116 miles | 1:43.19 | $200,000 | III |  |
| 2020 | Tiz the Law | Manuel Franco | Barclay Tagg | Sackatoga Stable | 1+116 miles | 1:42.04 | $250,000 | III |  |
| 2019 | Harvey Wallbanger | Brian Hernandez Jr. | Kenneth G. McPeek | Harold Lerner, AWC Stables, Nehoc Stables, Scott Akman & Paul Braverman | 1+116 miles | 1:43.69 | $350,000 | II |  |
| 2018 | Audible | Javier Castellano | Todd A. Pletcher | WinStar Farm, China Horse Club & SF Racing | 1+116 miles | 1.41.92 | $350,000 | II |  |
| 2017 | Irish War Cry | Joel Rosario | H. Graham Motion | Isabelle de Tomaso | 1+116 miles | 1:42.52 | $350,000 | II |  |
| 2016 | Mohaymen | Junior Alvarado | Kiaran P. McLaughlin | Shadwell Stables | 1+116 miles | 1:42.07 | $350,000 | II |  |
| 2015 | Upstart | Jose L. Ortiz | Richard A. Violette Jr. | Ralph M. Evans | 1+116 miles | 1:43.61 | $400,000 | II |  |
| 2014 | Cairo Prince | Luis Saez | Kiaran P. McLaughlin | Namcook Stables, Paul Braverman, Harvey A. Clarke & Craig W. Robertson III | 1+116 miles | 1:42.16 | $400,000 | II |  |
| 2013 | Itsmyluckyday | Elvis Trujillo | Edward Plesa Jr. | Trilogy Stable & Laurie Plesa | 1+116 miles | 1:41.81 | $400,000 | III |  |
| 2012 | Algorithms | Javier Castellano | Todd A. Pletcher | Starlight Racing | 1 mile | 1:36.17 | $400,000 | III |  |
| 2011 | Dialed In | Julien R. Leparoux | Nicholas P. Zito | Robert V. LaPenta | 1 mile | 1:35.19 | $400,000 | III |  |
| 2010 | Winslow Homer | Ramon A. Dominguez | Anthony W. Dutrow | Fox Hill Farms | 1 mile | 1:35.97 | $150,000 | III |  |
| 2009 | Saratoga Sinner | Julien R. Leparoux | Eddie Kenneally | Lally Stable | 1+18 miles | 1:51.45 | $150,000 | III |  |
| 2008 | Hey Byrn | Charles C. Lopez | Edward Plesa Jr. | Beatrice Oxenberg | 1+316 miles | 1:58.14 | $150,000 | III |  |
| 2007 | Nobiz Like Shobiz | Cornelio Velasquez | Barclay Tagg | Elizabeth J. Valando | 1 mile | 1:35.47 | $150,000 | III |  |
| 2006 | Barbaro | Edgar S. Prado | Michael R. Matz | Lael Stables | 1+18 miles | 1:49.31 | $150,000 | III |  |
| 2005 | Closing Argument | Cornelio Velasquez | Kiaran P. McLaughlin | Philip & Marcia Cohen | 1+18 miles | 1:50.14 | $150,000 | III |  |
| 2004 | Second of June | Cornelio Velasquez | William J. Cesare | Barbara Cesare | 1+116 miles | 1:43.00 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 2003 | Offlee Wild | Mark Guidry | Thomas Victor Smith | Azalea Stables | 1+116 miles | 1:43.00 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 2002 | Booklet | Eibar Coa | John T. Ward Jr. | John C. Oxley | 1+116 miles | 1:46.16 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 2001 | Radical Riley | Eduardo O. Nunez | James Hatchett | Jacks or Better Farm | 1+116 miles | 1:46.06 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 2000 | Hal's Hope | Roger I. Velez | Harold J. Rose | Harold J. Rose Trust | 1+116 miles | 1:44.52 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 1999 | Grits'n Hard Toast | Robbie Davis | Thomas Victor Smith | Thomas Victor Smith & Robert A. Anderson | 1+116 miles | 1:45.32 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 1998 | Cape Town | Jerry D. Bailey | D. Wayne Lukas | Overbrook Farm | 1+116 miles | 1:44.15 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 1997 | Arthur L. | John R. Velazquez | Luis Olivares | Cobble View Stable | 1+116 miles | 1:42.93 | $100,000 | III |  |
| 1996 | Cobra King | Chris McCarron | Mike Puype | Betty Biszantz | 1+116 miles | 1:43.42 | $75,000 | III |  |
| 1995 | Royal Mitch | Robbie Davis | Dennis W. Ebert | Crown Stable | 1+116 miles | 1:44.03 | $50,000 |  |  |
| **Preview Stakes** | | | | | | | | | |
| 1995 | Suave Prospect | Jerry D. Bailey | Nicholas P. Zito | William J. Condren & Michael H. Sherman | 1+116 miles | 1:44.03 | $75,000 | III |  |
| 1994 | Go for Gin | Jerry D. Bailey | Nicholas P. Zito | William J. Condren & Joseph Cornacchia | 1+116 miles | 1:41.62 | $75,000 | Listed |  |
| 1993 | Pride of Burkaan | Jerry D. Bailey | Leo Azpurua Jr. | R. Johnson & G. Murchison | 1+116 miles | 1:44.74 | $75,000 | Listed |  |
| 1992 | Waki Warrior | Earlie Fires | William G. Huffman | Stanley Lowenbraun | 1+116 miles | 1:44.32 | $130,430 | Listed |  |
| 1991 | Shoot to Kill | Wigberto S. Ramos | Linda L. Rice | Clyde D. Rice | 1+116 miles | 1:43.54 | $200,000 | Listed |  |
| 1990 | Home At Last | Jerry D. Bailey | Carl A. Nafzger | Russell L Reineman Stable | 1+18 miles | 1:53.20 | $233,600 |  |  |

List of American and Canadian Graded races

## InfoBox

Holy Bull Stakes
| Grade III race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Gulfstream Park<br>Hallandale Beach, Florida |
| Inaugurated | 1990 *(as Preview Stakes)* |
| Race type | ThoroughbredFlat racing |
| Website | www.gulfstreampark.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1+116 miles |
| Surface | Dirt |
| Track | left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-olds |
| Weight | 124 lbs with allowances |
| Purse | $250,000 (2022) |


title: Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd

abstract: Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd [1971] EWCA Civ 12 is an English contract law case, concerning the incorporation of terms into a contract and the contra proferentum rule of interpretation. It shows an example of a very hostile interpretation of exclusion clauses.

text:
# Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd

***Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd*** \[1971\] EWCA Civ 12 is an English contract law case, concerning the incorporation of terms into a contract and the *contra proferentum* rule of interpretation. It shows an example of a very hostile interpretation of exclusion clauses.

## Facts

Walter Hollier took his Rambler car to an automobile repair shop, Rambler Motors. He had been to this garage on three or four occasions in the past five years before, and he had usually signed an invoice which said the

> "company is not responsible for damage caused by fire to customers’ cars on the premises."

He did not sign the form on this occasion. Unfortunately, some wiring in the garage was faulty. Rambler Motors had negligently failed to inspect or maintain the wiring in the shop. A fire broke out and burnt down the garage, with Hollier's car in it. Hollier sued Rambler Motors for the cost of his car.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that a previous course of dealing did not incorporate the term, because there was neither a regular nor consistent course of dealings. It went on to ask what would have happened were it incorporated, and held that the exclusion clause would still not have been effective to save Rambler Motors Ltd for liability, because it should be construed against the person relying on it (*contra proferentum*) and this clause covered more than negligence. A reasonable person would think liability for other things beyond the garage's own control would be excluded, but not the garage's own fault. Salmon LJ observed the following:

> No doubt merchants, tradesmen, garage proprietors and the like are a little shy of writing in an exclusion clause quite so bluntly... Clearly it would not tend to attract customers, and might even put many off… in order for the clause to be effective the language should be so plain that it clearly bears that meaning. I do not think that defendants should be allowed to shelter behind language which might lull the customer into a false sense of security…

He refers to Scrutton LJ in *Rutter v Palmer* \[1922\] 2 KB 87 saying a clear clause excluding negligence liability "will more readily operate to exempt him." Also, in *Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd* \[1945\] KB 189, Lord Greene MR was not seeking to extend the law, and here was quite different, because the reasonable person would see a number of other causes of fire. It would surprise an ordinary person if it applied to a fire caused by the garage’s own negligence (rather than an external cause). If they wanted to make exclusions for their own negligence 'they ought to have done so in far plainer language'.

## Significance

The case "illustrates the courts' reluctance to permit the exclusion of liability of negligence." The court also held that "a customer could understand the clause to mean that the defendants were not liable for a fire caused without their negligence." The court also held that three or four transactions over a five-year period were not enough to incorporate an exemption clause into the consumer contract.

## InfoBox

| Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal |
| Decided | 19 November 1971 |
| Citations | \[1971\] EWCA Civ 12, \[1972\] 2 QB 71, \[1972\] 2 WLR 401, \[1972\] 1 All ER 399 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Salmon LJ, Stampe LJ, and Latey J |
| Keywords | |
| Exclusion clause, interpretation | |


title: Hoplocryptanthus regius

abstract: Hoplocryptanthus regius is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to Brazil. It was first described in 2007 by Elton Leme as Cryptanthus regius.

text:
# Hoplocryptanthus regius

***Hoplocryptanthus regius*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to Brazil (the state of Minas Gerais). It was first described in 2007 by Elton Leme as ***Cryptanthus regius***.

## InfoBox

| *Hoplocryptanthus regius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Bromelioideae |
| Genus: | *Hoplocryptanthus* |
| Species: | ***H. regius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hoplocryptanthus regius***<br>(Leme) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cryptanthus regius* Leme | |


title: Nishaan (film)

abstract: Nishaan is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language action film, produced by B.S. Shaad under the BRAR Productions banner and directed by Surendra Mohan. It stars Jeetendra, Rajesh Khanna, Rekha, Poonam Dhillon in lead roles and has music composed by Rajesh Roshan.

text:
# Nishaan (film)

***Nishaan*** (transl.Identification Mark) is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language action film, produced by B.S. Shaad under the BRAR Productions banner and directed by Surendra Mohan. It stars Jeetendra, Rajesh Khanna, Rekha, Poonam Dhillon in lead roles and has music composed by Rajesh Roshan.

## Plot

Diwan and Bhagail Singh kill Kumar Ratan Singh for his properties. In the confusion that follows that his wife Lajwanti and her sons, Shankar and Ravi are separated. Shankar drifts around in search of his mother and Ravi. Now after years, Shankar is a truck driver and loves a village belle Gulabo, on the other side, Ravi works for Diwan and loves his daughter Rita. Shankar and Ravi are friends. Diwan and Bhagail Singh drive a wedge between them and have Shankar sent to jail on a false charge of theft. Shankar tries to take revenge on Ravi, but he discovers that he is his brother. They turn over Diwan and Bhagail to the police. Shankar and Ravi meet their mother and there is a happy family reunion.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Ae Babu, Meri Chaal Mein" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Humsa Na Payegi, Jahan Bhi Tu Jayegi, Soch Le Tu" | Lata Mangeshkar, Kishore Kumar |
| "Ankhiyon Hi Ankhiyon Mein Teri Meri Baat Chali" | Lata Mangeshkar, Kishore Kumar |
| "Beliya Ab Ki Yeh Bahaar Koi Gul Naya Khilayegi" | Lata Mangeshkar, Kishore Kumar |
| "Sun Sun Sun Sun Meri Jaan, Aise Hi Kho Jaye Na" | Asha Bhosle, Kishore Kumar |
| "Laheron Ki Tarah" | Kishore Kumar |
|

## InfoBox

| Nishaan | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Surendra Mohan |
| Written by | Aziz Qaisi
Gulshan Bawra (lyrics) |
| Produced by | B. S. Shaad |
| Starring | Jeetendra
Rajesh Khanna
Rekha
Poonam Dhillon |
| Cinematography | Anand V. Ganish |
| Edited by | Subhash Sehgal |
| Music by | Rajesh Roshan |
| Production
company | BRAR Productions |
| Release date | * 4 February 1983 (1983-02-04) |
| Running time | 150 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Nishad (film)

abstract: Nishad is a 2002 Indian Hindi film directed by Shaji N. Karun with Archana, Rajit Kapur, Geshe Thupten Phelgye, Master Jhang Ray, Ram Gopal Bajaj, and Rameshwari in the lead roles. It premiered at the Fukuoka International Film Festival held in September 2002 in Japan, was featured at more than ten other international film festivals, and was selected for Indian Panorama at the International Film Festival of India.

text:
# Nishad (film)

***Nishad*** (English title: *Octave*) is a 2002 Indian Hindi film directed by Shaji N. Karun with Archana, Rajit Kapur, Geshe Thupten Phelgye, Master Jhang Ray, Ram Gopal Bajaj, and Rameshwari in the lead roles.

It premiered at the Fukuoka International Film Festival held in September 2002 in Japan, was featured at more than ten other international film festivals, and was selected for Indian Panorama at the International Film Festival of India.

## Plot

Sati Gujaral is a music teacher in a school for Tibetan children run by the Tibetan government-in-exile. Her husband Gopi Gujaral is a doctor in a government hospital. Their only son, Ashok, is a pilot with the Indian Air Force.

The atmosphere is tense with the possibility of a war between India and Pakistan. Ashok calls home unerringly every week bringing joy and some comfort to his anxious mother. One day she gets a call from a boy trying desperately to reach his mother. The anxiety is compounded when her own son's call doesn't arrive at the appointed hour. The next call reveals that the child has died.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Nishad | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Shaji N. Karun |
| Screenplay by | Shaji N. Karun
Valsalan-Vathussery |
| Produced by | Sukhwant Dhadda |
| Starring | Rajit Kapoor
Archana
Geshe Thupten Phelgye
Ram Gopal Bajaj
Rameshwari |
| Cinematography | Hari Nair |
| Edited by | A. Sreekar Prasad |
| Music by | Isaac Thomas Kottukapally |
| Release date | * September 2002 (2002-09) |
| Running time | 118 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Home at Last (Larry Norman album)

abstract: Home at Last is an album of mostly new material by Larry Norman first issued in 1989. It was originally released as a two-LP album and included some live tracks. It was reissued in 1998 as one album together with the 1994 compilation Footprints in the Sand. The 2007 re-release of Home at Last contained only the studio recordings of the original issue. It was released to mixed reviews, some citing disorganization and uneven production, and controversy. A music video of live performances of the 14 studio songs on Home at Last garnered a favourable review.

text:
# Home at Last (Larry Norman album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Cross Rhythms | <br> |

***Home at Last*** is an album of mostly new material by Larry Norman first issued in 1989. It was originally released as a two-LP album and included some live tracks. It was reissued in 1998 as one album together with the 1994 compilation *Footprints in the Sand*. The 2007 re-release of *Home at Last* contained only the studio recordings of the original issue. It was released to mixed reviews, some citing disorganization and uneven production, and controversy. A music video of live performances of the 14 studio songs on *Home at Last* garnered a favourable review.

## Track listing

**Original double-LP release**

**Side 1**

1. "Lonely Boy"
2. "My Feet Are on the Rock"
3. "Country Church, Country People"
4. "Sitting In My Kitchen"

**Side 2**

1. "Camel Through a Needle's Eye"
2. "Nightmare #49 (Part 1)"
3. "Oh, How I Love You"
4. "Queen of the Rodeo"
5. "He Really Loves You"
6. "Here Comes the King"

**Side 3**

1. "Letters to the Church"
2. "We Three Twogether"
3. "Somewhere Out There"
4. "Selah"
5. "Nightmare #49 (Instrumental Mix)"

**Side 4 (live)**

1. "Letters to the Church"
2. "Camel Through a Needle's Eye"
3. "Surprise With Candles"
4. "Here Comes the King"
5. "Shake Your Rattle and Crawl"

**2007 CD re-issue**  (Solid Rock Records)

1. "Lonely Boy"
2. "My Feet Are on the Rock"
3. "Country Church"
4. "Sitting In My Kitchen"
5. "Camel Through a Needle's Eye"
6. "Nightmare #49 (Part One)"
7. "Oh How I Love You"
8. "Queen of the Rodeo"
9. "He Really Loves You"
10. "Here Comes the King"
11. "Letters to the Church"
12. "We Three Twogether"
13. "Somewhere Out There"
14. "Selah"

## Personnel

* Larry Norman – vocals, harmonies, keyboards, acoustic piano, guitars, saxophone, harmonica
* Charles Norman – vocals, keyboards, synthesizers, lead guitar, rhythm guitars, slide guitar, bass, drums, percussion, harmonica
* Sarah Norman – vocals, harmonies, percussion

**Additional musicians**

* John Campbell – keyboards (6, 9)
* Dan Cutrona – keyboards (11)
* Steve Goomas – acoustic piano (13)
* Bob Somma – lead guitar (6), rhythm guitar (9, 13)
* Jon Linn – lead guitar (9)
* Jellybean Jaquette – bass (3, 6, 9, 11, 13)
* Dave Spurr – drums (6, 9, 11, 13)

## Production

* Larry Norman – producer, arrangements, mixing
* Jellybean Jaquette – engineer, mixing
* Charles Norman – mixing
* Mark Heard – mixing
* Jeff Frickman – mix assistant (1-10, 12, 13, 14)
* Brian Levi – mix assistant (1-10, 12, 13, 14)
* Jon Linn – mix assistant (11)

## InfoBox

| Home at Last | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Larry Norman | |
| Released | 1989 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Phydeaux |
| Producer | Larry Norman |


title: Horace Signor Brannon

abstract: Horace Signor Brannon was an American physician based in Louisville, Kentucky. He served in the 92nd Division during World War I, under the 365th Ambulance Company.

text:
# Horace Signor Brannon

**Horace Signor Brannon** (January 19, 1884 – October 20, 1970) was an American physician based in Louisville, Kentucky. He served in the 92nd Division during World War I, under the 365th Ambulance Company.

## Early life

Horace Signor Brannon was the oldest child of Charles H. Brannon and Lottie Thurston. He had two younger sisters, Susan and Hattie, and one younger brother, Charles. The family was situated in Louisville, Kentucky. Horace decided to remain home as he had entered Louisville National Medical College in 1903. The school had been founded in 1888 on the basis of training African Americans in the Medical Profession. However, due to financial difficulties the school closed in 1912 for financial reasons. Horace graduated in 1907 and opened a practice in his hometown.

## Military service

In 1917, the United States joined World War I and the entire nation was in a buzz to join the effort. After the declaration of war with Germany, many African-Americans were turned away from the local recruiting stations. Unprepared for a large scale conflict, the United States Army had only four black regiments, and many commanders would not allow mixing of blacks and whites in their units. Also, the black regiments themselves were not trusted to be sent to Europe, as many of the higher ups possessed a lack of confidence in black soldiers as fighters. Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School had been opened for training African-American men as there had been a huge influx of African-American volunteers and a petition was erected by the students of Howard University. However, there was still some discontent at the facility as many soldiers found that he had been unfairly assessed for merely being black.

When Dr. Brannon answered the military's call for physicians he was immediately given the rank, First Lieutenant in the Army Medical Reserve Corps. Like all the African-American recruits, Brannon was sent to Fort Des Moines for medical training at the Medical Officers Training Camp. He was 33 years old and had been a practicing physician for 10 years. After completing his training, Brannon was ordered to the 92nd division at Camp Funston in Kansas and was assigned the 366th Field Hospital of the divisions 317th Sanitary Train.

When arriving at France, Bradfield was reassigned to work in the 365th Ambulance Company where he remained throughout the war. During World War I, Ambulance companies were responsible for conducted first aid stations to treat immediate wounds and find best manners in evacuating injured soldiers. When the United States entered the World War I effort, the army organized ambulance units to serve at the front with the French. The War Department Orders NO. 75 established the U.S. Army Ambulance Service (USAAS) and the Sanitary Corps followed a week later. Both were part of the evolution of the Medical Reserve Corps. This allowed the Medical Department to commission individuals in specialities if need be. Brannon also would have had his hands full with treating ill and influenza stricken soldiers as life in the trenches was hard.

Upon the 92nd Division's entry into French soil, it was moved to the St. Dre Sector to relief the 5th Regular U.S. Army Division (composed of white soldiers). Only a few days later had the 5th Regular Division captured the village of Frapelle. Immediately, these fresh African American recruits were submerged into the harsh terrain of the trenches where the Germans had been sending aggressive assaults, such as frequent released of gassing shells to Allied troops. In mid September Frapelle face a heavy German bombardment as an airplane duel came into the mixture. With aerial and artillery fire coming from many sides, Brannon was on full deck. At some point during the attack, the Germans learned that the opposing force that faced them, the 92nd Division, was composed entirely of African Americans. The Germans decided to change tactics and went into the trenches. The U.S. troops believed that the Germans were sending another surge of gassing shells, however, when nothing emitted from the shells they went to investigate. Within the shells was a printed propaganda written in English. It was titled "To the Colored Soldiers of the American Army". The text continued saying:

> Hello, boys, what are you doing over here? Fighting the Germans? Why? Have they ever done you any harm? Of course some white folks and the lying English-American papers told you that the Germans ought to be wiped out for the sake of Humanity and Democracy. What is Democracy? Personal freedom, all citizens enjoying the same rights socially and before the law. Do you enjoy the same rights as the white people do in America, the land of Freedom and Democracy, or are you rather not treated over there as second-class citizens? Can you go into a restaurant where white people dine? Can you get a seat in the theater where white people sit? Can you get a seat or a berth in the railroad car, or can you even ride, in the South, in the same street car with white people? And how about the law? Is lynching and the most horrible crimes connected therewith a lawful proceeding in a democratic country? Now, this is all different in Germany, where they do like colored people, where they treat them as gentlemen and as white people, and quite a number of colored people have fine positions in business in Berlin and other German cities. Why, then, fight the Germans only for the benefit of the Wall street robbers and to protect the millions they have loaned to the British, French, and Italians? You have been made the tool of the egotistic and rapacious rich in England and in America, and there is nothing in the whole game for you but broken bones, horrible wounds, spoiled health, or death. No satisfaction whatever will you get out of this unjust war. You have never seen Germany. So you are fools if you allow people to make you hate us. Come over and see for yourself. Let those do the fighting who make the profit out of this war. Don't allow them to use you as cannon fodder. To carry a gun in this war is not an honor, but a shame. Throw it away and come over into the German lines. You will find friends who will help you along.

Brannon and his fellow soldiers did not fall for the bait and continued fighting to their "honor and credit", according to Emmett J. Scott. The fighting continued with more aerial fire coming from the Germans, however, the French anti-aircraft guns got rid of the assault and the division moved from St. Die Sector to Ste. Menehold. The 92nd Division became a reserve corps for the Mseu-Argonne campaign in October. In November, Brannon and his unit faced another aggressive assault from the Germans in Metz.

Brannon was honorably discharged in July 1919 and went home.

## Career

After the war, Dr. Brannon returned to Louisville to resume in his medical practice, as he was listed in the American Medical Directory. He didn't remain there for long, however. With his wife, Dr. Brannon moved to several cities in Kentucky to open different practices in the early 1920s. He finally returned to his hometown in 1930.

He spent the majority of his remaining life moving between Kentucky and Ohio while practicing medicine.

## Personal life

Before he had join World War I effort, Brannon married a woman named Octavia who had been a public school teacher. She died around 1930 when Brannon returned to Louisville. He married a second time to another widower named Estella Shannon who died in 1960. In the mid-1960s, while living in Cincinnati, Brannon married Clysta B. Brannon who survived him when he died (she had also been a school teacher). Brannon had one child, a son named Lloyd.

## Death

Dr. Brannon died at the age of 87 in 1970. He was survived by his sister, Hattie, his third wife, and son.

## InfoBox

| Horace Signor Brannon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 19, 1884
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | October 20, 1970(1970-10-20) (aged 86)
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Education | Louisville National Medical College (1907) |
| Occupation | physician |
| Title | First Lieutenant |
| Spouse(s) | Octavia Brannon (d. approx 1930)
Estella Shannon (d. 1960)
Clysta B. Brannon |
| Children | Lloyd Brannon |
| Parent(s) | Charles H. Brannon
Lottie Thurston |
| Relatives | Hattie Brannon (sister)
Susan Brannon (sister)
Charles Brannon (brother) |


title: Home Technology Association

abstract: The Home Technology Association is an American industry organization for home technology integration dealerships.

text:
# Home Technology Association

The **Home Technology Association** is an American industry organization for home technology integration dealerships.

## Certification

The Home Technology Association runs the HTA Certified certification program, which began in 2017. Certification is applied for by home technology integration firms in the United States and Canada, and indicates the top 10% to 15% of home technology installation dealers within a particular market. In addition to running the certification process, the program also administers the "Best in the US" awards for the home technology integration industry and is an industry advocate for the home technology integration trade to architects, interior designers and general contractors.

HTA certification is provided by the Home Technology Association to home technology integration dealers, and is based upon installation experience and business practices, including a history of technical competence, marketplace reputation, and quality of aftercare service and support. Additional criteria for certification includes a five year absence of bankruptcy, proper liability insurance, and others. Certified dealers are provided with resources such as a budgeting tool for dealers to set transparent pricing, in addition to other onboarding tools.

### Tools

In 2017 the Home Technology Association’s technology created a budget estimator tool for home design and build employees and consumers, in order to provide brand agnostic installed-cost estimates for home technology systems.

## InfoBox

Home Technology Association
|
|  |
| Founded | 2017 |
| Website | htacertified.org |


title: Nikoletta Szőke

abstract: Nikoletta Szőke is a Hungarian jazz vocalist who won international acclaim as winner of the 2005 Shure Montreux Jazz Voice Competition. Since then, she has been pursuing an increasingly successful performing career.

text:
# Nikoletta Szőke

**Nikoletta Szőke** is a Hungarian jazz vocalist who won international acclaim as winner of the 2005 Shure Montreux Jazz Voice Competition. Since then, she has been pursuing an increasingly successful performing career.

## Biography

Nikoletta Szőke is a Hungarian jazz singer, born 8 May 1983 in Zalaegerszeg, Hungary. She moved to the capital of Budapest at age four and began her studies there. Nikoletta, whose father is a professional dulcimer player, showed musical talent at early age, attending musical kindergarten, but then broke off her music career for fourteen years.

After graduating from high school, she decided to study singing. She met her future husband on her first significant performance, József Barcza Horváth bass player, who introduces her to the jazz genre and celebrated jazz musician and teacher Gábor Winand .

After gaining a degree at Technical College of Economy and External Trade Administration Department, she devotes herself solely to singing, rather than to pursue her further studies at the School of Music and ELTE University's English and Russian department.

While learning to sing she also starts her performing career, beginning with the Robert Szakcsi Lakatos Trio, and moving on to other combos. In 2005, after three and a half years of jazz studies and performances, she applies to the prestigious international Shure Montreux Jazz Voice Competition for singers under 30. She is awarded first prize as well as the audience award. Judges included Barbara Hendricks, Randy Crawford, and others.

In January 2006, she participates in the Conference of International Association for Jazz Education (IAJE Conference) in New York. She had held performances at the New York Hilton and the Lincoln Center's Dizzy's Club. Her partners included Gilad Hekselman, Israel (2005 Montreux Guitar Competition Winner), Harold Lopez Nussa-Torres, Cuba (2005 Montreux Piano Competition Winner) and Geoff Newman and Anthony Pinciotti from the USA. In 2008 she made the album A Song For You for the Atelier Sawano label. Musicians: Robert Lakatos on piano, Thomas Stabenow on bass, and Kalus Weiss on drums.

In 2018, she will attempt to win A Dal 2018 to represent Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with Attila Kökény and Róbert Szakcsi Lakatos with the song *Életre kel*. They were eliminated in the semi-finals.

## InfoBox

| Nikoletta Szőke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Szőke Nikoletta |
| Born | 8 May 1983<br>Zalaegerszeg |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation | Singer |
|  | |
| Website | nikolettaszoke.com |


title: No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF

abstract: No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force unit of World War II. The Flight was formed at Cairns, Queensland on 10 January 1945 and was equipped with PBY Catalinas for air-sea rescue operations. The Flight conducted its first operational missions in February, providing support for Allied air strikes and making supply drops. The flight departed Australia for Morotai in the Netherlands East Indies in late February, and became operational there in early March. From Morotai the Flight continued in its rescue and transport roles and also began flying missions behind Japanese lines in support of the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB). In the months after the end of the war No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight transported Australian prisoners of war home to Australia and performed other tasks to support Australian units in Borneo. The Flight returned to Australia in January 1946 and was disbanded at RAAF Base Rathmines on 31 January 1946.

text:
# No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight RAAF

**No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight** was a Royal Australian Air Force unit of World War II. The Flight was formed at Cairns, Queensland on 10 January 1945 and was equipped with PBY Catalinas for air-sea rescue operations. The Flight conducted its first operational missions in February, providing support for Allied air strikes and making supply drops. The flight departed Australia for Morotai in the Netherlands East Indies in late February, and became operational there in early March. From Morotai the Flight continued in its rescue and transport roles and also began flying missions behind Japanese lines in support of the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB).

In the months after the end of the war No. 113 Air-Sea Rescue Flight transported Australian prisoners of war home to Australia and performed other tasks to support Australian units in Borneo. The Flight returned to Australia in January 1946 and was disbanded at RAAF Base Rathmines on 31 January 1946.

* RAAF Historical Section (1995), Units of the Royal Australian Air Force. A Concise History. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.


title: No. 143 Wing RCAF

abstract: No. 143 Wing RCAF was a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force which served with the Royal Air Force in Europe during the Second World War.

text:
# No. 143 Wing RCAF

**No. 143 Wing RCAF** was a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force which served with the Royal Air Force in Europe during the Second World War.

## History

RAF Second Tactical Air Force was established on 1 June 1943. No. 143 Wing was established on 10 January 1944. It comprised No. 438 Squadron RCAF, No. 439 Squadron RCAF, and No. 440 Squadron RCAF. As a fighter-ground attack unit, its purpose was to support the Canadian and British troops of 21st Army Group.

On 5 June 1944 while at RAF Hurn as "No. 143 (RCAF) (Fighter) Wing RAF"

From 22/23 June 1944 to 30 August 1944 the wing was located at B.5 (FRESNE CAMILLE) (for two days only) and then Lantheuil (B.9), just south of Creully, before moving forward to keep up with the ground forces.

The Typhoon aircraft has been painted by Robert Bailey, picturing F/Lt Harry Hardy, RCAF, flying the "Pulverizer 2".

Sqn Ldr Donald A. Brewster OBE was the Wing's Chief Technical Officer from April 1944 until the end of the war.

The wing disbanded on 26 August 1945.

## Aircraft

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Falconer, J (1998). *RAF Fighter Airfields of World War 2*. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 0-7110-2175-9.

## InfoBox

| No. 143 Wing RCAF
No. 143 (RCAF) (Fighter) Wing RAF
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | May 1944 - August 1945 |
| Country | Canada |
| Branch | Royal Air Force / Royal Canadian Air Force |
| Size | Wing |
| Part of | RAF Second Tactical Air Force
No. 83 (Composite) Group RAF |


title: No. 144 Squadron RAF

abstract: No. 144 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the British Royal Air Force. It was first formed in 1918 during the First World War, operating as a bomber squadron in the Middle East. It reformed in 1937, serving in the bomber and anti-shipping roles during the Second World War. A third incarnation saw the squadron serving as a strategic missile squadron during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

text:
# No. 144 Squadron RAF

**No. 144 Squadron RAF** was a squadron of the British Royal Air Force. It was first formed in 1918 during the First World War, operating as a bomber squadron in the Middle East. It reformed in 1937, serving in the bomber and anti-shipping roles during the Second World War. A third incarnation saw the squadron serving as a strategic missile squadron during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

## History

### First World War

On 20 March 1918, a new squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was established at Port Said in British administrated Egypt. It was intended as a corps reconnaissance squadron, to work in support of the Army, and initially operated a mix of aircraft, including Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2es and Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12s. The squadron re-equipped with Airco DH.9 light bombers in August that year, reinforcing 40th (Army) Wing as it prepared for a major offensive against Ottoman forces. On 19 September, the opening actions of the Battle of Megiddo began, with 144 Squadron attacking Turkish communication and command centres, including the headquarters of the Ottoman Seventh Army at Nablus. The Ottoman forces were soon in full retreat, and all available air power, including 144 Squadron, was sent to repeatedly attack the force of the Ottoman Seventh Army as it retreated through the Wadi al-Far'a, with the Seventh Army effectively destroyed by these sustained aerial attacks.

On 17 October 1918, the squadron moved to Mudros on the island of Lemnos near the Dardanelles, but the Armistice of Mudros ended the war against the Ottoman Empire on 30 October. The squadron returned to the United Kingdom in December, disbanding at RAF Ford on 4 February 1919.

### Reformation

No. 144 Squadron reformed on 11 January 1937, when a flight from 101 Squadron, equipped with four Boulton & Paul Overstrand twin-engined bombers and based at RAF Bicester in Oxfordshire, was detached to form the cadre of the new squadron. 144 Squadron quickly received Avro Anson monoplanes to replace the obsolete Overstrand biplanes, and moved to RAF Hemswell in Lincolnshire on 8 February 1937. It supplemented its Ansons with Hawker Audax biplanes in March before replacing both with more modern Bristol Blenheim I bombers in August that year. By now a part of 5 Group of Bomber Command, the squadron re-equipped with Handley Page Hampdens in March 1939.

### Second World War

No. 144 Squadron was still equipped with Hampdens on the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, flying its first mission on 26 September, when it dispatched 12 aircraft to search for, and attack if found, German naval forces in the North Sea. On this occasion, however, it encountered no allowable targets. Three days later, the squadron sent out 11 aircraft over the Heligoland Bight in another search for German warships. The strike force split into two groups; while one formation spotted but failed to hit two German destroyers, the second formation was intercepted by *Luftwaffe* Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters, which shot down all five Hampdens.

The squadron started to fly night-time leaflet dropping raids over Germany from February 1940, and on 6 March it flew its first bombing raid against a German land target, the seaplane base at Hörnum on the island of Sylt. The squadron continued to operate in the night bomber role through the rest of 1940 and 1941.

As a result of the Channel Dash in February 1942, when the German battleships *Scharnhorst* and *Gneisenau* and the heavy cruiser *Prinz Eugen* managed to break the British blockade and sail from France through the English Channel to Germany, indicated to the RAF that their anti-shipping strike strength was inadequate, and it was decided to convert two Hampden squadrons to the torpedo bomber role, with No. 144 Squadron being one of the two chosen for conversion. The squadron transferred from Bomber Command to 18 Group Coastal Command on 21 April 1942, moving to RAF Leuchars on the East coast of Scotland. It flew its first torpedo bomber mission on 27 July 1942.

In Operation Orator, during September 1942, 32 Hampdens of No. 144 Squadron and the Australian No. 455 Squadron were sent to Murmansk in Northern Russia in order to support the Arctic convoy PQ 18, and to attack any German warships that might sortie from bases in Norway against the convoy. The squadron lost five Hampdens on the flight to Russia, with a further four of No. 455 Squadron's also lost. The German surface warships did not attack PQ 18, and the squadron's personnel returned to Britain aboard a cruiser in October, leaving its aircraft behind to be handed over to the Soviets.

In January 1943 the squadron converted to the more capable Bristol Beaufighter, staying in the torpedo bomber role. After working up, it transferred to Algeria in June 1943, flying anti-shipping strikes over the Mediterranean until it returned to the United Kingdom in August. It continued anti-shipping operations over the North Sea from RAF Wick in Scotland, moving to RAF Davidstow Moor in Cornwall in May 1944 in preparation for Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy, where it was tasked with protecting the invasion forces from German E-boats. It moved to RAF Strubby in Lincolnshire in July for operations against E-boats and German convoys off the Dutch coast. In September it moved to Banff, Aberdeenshire as part of the Banff Strike Wing for operations off Norway. In January 1945, the squadron abandoned the torpedo role, concentrating on flak suppression for the Strike Wing. It disbanded on 25 May 1945 at RAF Dallachy.

No. 144 Squadron was represented in the Great Escape from Stalag Luft 3 by Flight Lt. R.S.A. Churchill. Churchill was one of escapees that was not executed by the SS and was the last man living of those that survived.

### Missiles

On 1 December 1959, the squadron reformed at RAF North Luffenham in Rutland, equipped with three Thor Intermediate-range ballistic missiles, supplied by the United States under Project Emily. The missiles were operated under a dual key system, with the British in control of the launch sequence, and the Americans responsible for arming the missiles nuclear warhead, giving each nation a veto on using the missiles. The squadron, along with the rest of the Thor force, was brought to full readiness during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The squadron disbanded on 23 August 1963.

## InfoBox

| No. 144 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| A Bristol Beaufighter torpedo bomber of No. 144 Squadron at Tain, in Ross-shire | |
| Active | 20 March 1918 – 4 February 1919
11 January 1937 – 25 May 1945
1 December 1959 – 23 August 1963 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | various |
| Motto(s) | Who shall stop us |


title: Homaloxestis pancrocopa

abstract: Homaloxestis pancrocopa is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1937. It is found in the former Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

text:
# Homaloxestis pancrocopa

***Homaloxestis pancrocopa*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1937. It is found in the former Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## InfoBox

| *Homaloxestis pancrocopa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Homaloxestis* |
| Species: | ***H. pancrocopa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Homaloxestis pancrocopa***<br>Meyrick, 1937 | |
|


abstract: The Hollywood Motion Picture and Television Museum was a museum project proposed in the early 1960s and planned to be built on a 4-acre site directly across from the Hollywood Bowl on Highland Ave. It acquired a significant collection of film and television artifacts which remain available, held by the Margaret Herrick Library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and partly or wholly duplicated at three other institutions.

text:
# Hollywood Motion Picture and Television Museum

The **Hollywood Motion Picture and Television Museum** was a museum project proposed in the early 1960s and planned to be built on a 4-acre site directly across from the Hollywood Bowl on Highland Ave. It acquired a significant collection of film and television artifacts which remain available, held by the Margaret Herrick Library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and partly or wholly duplicated at three other institutions.

## History

The project was preceded and followed by other proposed and partly or wholly realized "Hollywood Museum" projects, including one developed and promoted by Debbie Reynolds (1932-2016) involving a nonprofit organization legally founded in 1972 which amassed a different collection of artifacts. The Debbie Reynolds-related project's 501c3 nonprofit had gone inactive by 2013. Todd Fisher, CEO of Debbie Reynolds Hotel & Casino and involved in other Debbie Reynolds projects, has headed "the Hollywood Motion Picture Museum, which is housed at Debbie Reynolds Studios (DR Studios) in North Hollywood and at his ranch".

Plans for the 1960s project--which in retrospect were perhaps too ambitious--included two sound stages, an observation gallery, where visitors would be able to view the actual production of motion picture and television shows, and a theater with a seating capacity of 500 people, where films of the past and present would be shown. In addition, there was plans for projection rooms for private viewing or lectures, a library, restaurant and research facilities. A major portion of the museum was to be devoted to displays, depicting the history of motion picture, television and radio and recording industries and showing the technical aspects of each.

Plans advanced as far as having a design developed by noted architect William Pereira.

The project accumulated a significant collection, including 71 linear feet of papers, 76 linear feet of photos, and 66 items of art.