title: Ellery, New York

abstract: Ellery is a town in Chautauqua County, New York, United States, located northwest of Jamestown and with an extended lakefront on the east side of Chautauqua Lake. In the 2020 census, Ellery had a population of 4,105.

text:
# Ellery, New York

**Ellery** is a town in Chautauqua County, New York, United States, located northwest of Jamestown and with an extended lakefront on the east side of Chautauqua Lake. In the 2020 census, Ellery had a population of 4,105.

## History

The area known as Ellery was originally home to the Erie People. The first settlement of European colonists was made *circa* 1806. The town of Ellery was founded in 1821 from a part of the town of Chautauqua. William Ellery, signer of the Declaration of Independence, is the town's namesake. The lake frontage was developed early as a tourist and recreational location.

## Government

The Ellery town government consists of a supervisor, council, and various department heads.

### Supervisors

The following is an incomplete list of supervisors of the town:

| # | Supervisor | Took office | Left office | Political party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Almon Ives | 1821 | 1822 |  |
| 2 | Peter Loucks | 1822 | 1823 |  |
| 3 | Abijah Clark | 1823 | 1824 |  |
| 4 | Almon Ives | 1824 | 1828 |  |
| 5 | Jonadab Winchester | 1828 | 1829 |  |
| 6 | Robertson Whiteside | 1829 | 1830 |  |
| 7 | John Hammond | 1830 | 1831 |  |
| 8 | Jonadab Winchester | 1831 | 1832 |  |
| 9 | Almon Ives | 1832 | 1833 |  |
| 10 | Odin Benedict | 1833 | 1840 |  |
| 11 | Orville Clark Casselman, | 1918 | 1920 |  |
|  | Larry Anderson | 2022 | Incumbent | Republican |

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.6 square miles (123.2 km2), of which 47.5 square miles (122.9 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km2), or 0.25%, is water.

The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) crosses Chautauqua Lake at Bemus Point. New York State Route 430 follows the east shore of Chautauqua Lake. New York State Route 380 is a north-south highway in the eastern part of Ellery.

### Adjacent towns and locations

Ellery is bordered mostly by the town of Stockton to the north, although its northwest corner shares a small border with the town of Chautauqua. Directly to the east of Ellery are the towns of Gerry and Ellicott. Its southern and western edges are mostly bordered by Chautauqua Lake.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1830 | 2,001 |  |  |
| 1840 | 2,242 |  | 12.0% |
| 1850 | 2,104 |  | −6.2% |
| 1860 | 1,751 |  | −16.8% |
| 1870 | 1,616 |  | −7.7% |
| 1880 | 1,555 |  | −3.8% |
| 1890 | 1,789 |  | 15.0% |
| 1900 | 1,628 |  | −9.0% |
| 1910 | 1,695 |  | 4.1% |
| 1920 | 1,496 |  | −11.7% |
| 1930 | 1,919 |  | 28.3% |
| 1940 | 2,088 |  | 8.8% |
| 1950 | 2,852 |  | 36.6% |
| 1960 | 3,953 |  | 38.6% |
| 1970 | 4,594 |  | 16.2% |
| 1980 | 4,617 |  | 0.5% |
| 1990 | 4,534 |  | −1.8% |
| 2000 | 4,574 |  | 0.9% |
| 2010 | 4,528 |  | −1.0% |
| 2020 | 4,105 |  | −9.3% |
| 2021 (est.) | 4,080 |  | −0.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,576 people, 1,852 households, and 1,316 families residing in the town. The population density was 96.2 inhabitants per square mile (37.1/km2). There were 2,630 housing units at an average density of 55.3 per square mile (21.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.40% White, 0.20% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.57% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 1,852 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,916, and the median income for a family was $48,093. Males had a median income of $40,733 versus $29,128 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,619. About 6.1% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

As of the Census of 2010, there were 4,528 (a decrease of 48 people or 1.05%) and 1,891 households (an increase of 39 households or 2.11%). The population density was 95.1 inhabitants per square mile (36.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was: 97.9% (4,433 people) white; 0.49% (22 people) African-American; 0.49% (22 people) Asian; 0.07% (3 people) Native American/Alaskan; 0.11% (5 people) other; and 0.95% (43 people) two or more races. The Hispanic/Latino population of any race was 0.60% (27 people).

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.92% (902 people) under the age of 18, 1.83% ages (83 people) 18 and 19, 3.34% (151 people) ages 20–24, 6.45% (292 people) ages 25–34, 19.46% (881 people) ages 35–49, 25.20% (1,141 people) ages 50–64, and 23.81% (1,078 people) over the age of 65. Of the population, 48.96% (2,217 people) were male and 51.04% (2,311 people) were female.

## Communities and locations in Ellery

* **Alden Corners**  A location north of Ellery Center at the crossing of County Route 52 and Slide Joslyn Road.
* **Bayview**  A lakeside hamlet north of Bemus Point.
* **Belleview**  A small lakeside community on Route 430 in the south part of the town.
* **Bemus Bay**  A bay on Chautauqua Lake between Long Point State Park and Bemus Point.
* **Bemus Point**  The village of Bemus Point, named after a projection of land into Chautauqua Lake.
* **Chedwel**  A lakeside community along the north shore of the town.
* **Colburns**  A hamlet on the shore of the lake and on Route 430 south of Bemus Point.
* **Crosswinds**  A marina community on Route 430 in the northwest corner of the town.
* **Driftwood**  A lakeside community south of Colburns.
* **Dutch Hollow Creek**  A stream that flows southward from Ellery Center and enters Chautauqua Lake between Greenhurst and Sunnyside.
* **Ellery Center**  A hamlet at the junction of County Roads 44, 46, 48, and 57.
* **Greenhurst**  A lakeside hamlet in the south part of the town.
* **Griffiths**  A lakeside hamlet in the south part of the town.
* **Jones Corners**  A hamlet at the intersection of County Roads 52 and 57.
* **Long Point State Park**  On Route 430 on the east shore of the lake.
* **Maple Springs**  A lakeside hamlet north of Long Point State Park.
* **Midway Park**  A location on the lake shore north of Long Point State Park.
* **Oriental Park**  A hamlet bordering Bemus Point on the south.
* **Phillips Mill**  A hamlet on the shore of Chautauqua Lake.
* **Point Stockholm**  A lakeside community.
* **Red Bird**  A hamlet on County Route 380 in the northeast town corner.
* **Sheldon Hall**  A lakeside community in the south part of the town.
* **Sunnyside**  A lakeside community in the south part of the town.
* **Sunset Bay**  A community of homes and cottages located by a bay with the same name on Chautauqua Lake.
* **Towerville**  A hamlet at the junction of County Road 48 and Route 380 in the northeast town corner.
* **Watermans Corners**  A hamlet on the junction of County Road 52, Thumb Road and Bayview Road in the north part of the town.
* **West Ellery**  A hamlet in the north part of the town on County Road 46.
* **Willow Brook**  A location north of Bemus Point.
* **Warner Bay** \- A community of homes and cottages along the bay on Chautauqua Lake with the same name.

## InfoBox

| Ellery, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Bemus Point Hotel and Boat Dock, Bemus Point, NY | |
| Location within Chautauqua County and New York | |
| ElleryLocation within the state of New York | |
| Coordinates: 42°10′15″N 79°22′37″W / 42.17083°N 79.37694°W / 42.17083; -79.37694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Chautauqua |
| Government | |
| Type | Town Council |
| Town Supervisor | Larry Anderson () |
| Town Council | Members' List |
| Area | |
| Total | 47.57 sq mi (123.21 km2) |
| Land | 47.45 sq mi (122.90 km2) |
| Water | 0.12 sq mi (0.30 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,594 ft (486 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,105 |
| Estimate (2021) | 4,080 |
| Density | 92.72/sq mi (35.80/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 716 |
| FIPS code | 36-013-23976 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0978932 |
| Website | elleryny.org |


title: Elizabeth P. Carpenter

abstract: Elizabeth P. Carpenter is a British structural biologist who is a professor at the Nuffield Department of Medicine in Oxford. She solved the three-dimensional structure of human membrane proteins using X-ray crystallography. Carpenter uses X-ray crystallography to understand the atomic positions within proteins.

text:
# Elizabeth P. Carpenter

**Elizabeth P. Carpenter** is a British structural biologist who is a professor at the Nuffield Department of Medicine in Oxford. She solved the three-dimensional structure of human membrane proteins using X-ray crystallography. Carpenter uses X-ray crystallography to understand the atomic positions within proteins.

## Early life and education

Carpenter studied biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. She moved to Birkbeck, University of London for doctoral research, where she studied biochemistry and crystallography. After completing her doctorate, Carpenter moved to the National Institute for Health Research, which was based at Imperial College London and solved the structures of proteins involved in DNA repair. She also investigated toxoplasmosis and muste movement.

## Research and career

Carpenter is interested in understanding the structure and function of proteins. She studies proteins embedded within cell membranes. The proteins are large hydrophobic surfaces, and understanding their structure is an important step in unravelling the processes of molecules and signals across cell membranes. She established the Membrane Protein Laboratory at the Diamond Light Source in 2007. In 2009, she moved to the Structural Genomics Consortium at the University of Oxford.

Carpenter was the first to describe the structure of the human ABC-transporter ABC10. ABC10 is a mitrochonridal protein that is important in the production of heme. She has studied premature ageing syndromes that are caused by failure of the lamin proteins, and the role of the metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. She has also studied human ion channels, including TREK-2, a K2P protein that gives rise to the background leak current that contributes to membrane potential.

## Selected publications

* Elisabeth P Carpenter; Konstantinos Beis; Alexander Cameron; So Iwata (11 August 2008). "Overcoming the challenges of membrane protein crystallography". *Current Opinion in Structural Biology*. **18** (5): 581–586. doi:10.1016/J.SBI.2008.07.001. ISSN 0959-440X. PMC 2580798. PMID 18674618. Wikidata Q34803434.
* Simone Weyand; Tatsuro Shimamura; Shunsuke Yajima; et al. (16 October 2008). "Structure and molecular mechanism of a nucleobase-cation-symport-1 family transporter". *Science*. **322** (5902): 709–713. Bibcode:2008Sci...322..709W. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1164440. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2885439. PMID 18927357. Wikidata Q27652531.
* Simon Newstead; David Drew; Alexander Cameron; et al. (3 December 2010). "Crystal structure of a prokaryotic homologue of the mammalian oligopeptide-proton symporters, PepT1 and PepT2". *The EMBO Journal*. **30** (2): 417–426. doi:10.1038/EMBOJ.2010.309. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 3025455. PMID 21131908. Wikidata Q27666182.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth P. Carpenter | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | University of Cambridge
Birkbeck, University of London |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | University of Oxford
Imperial College London
Diamond Light Source |
|  | |


title: Osbornellus

abstract: Osbornellus is a genus of leafhoppers. There are at least 100 described species in Osbornellus.

text:
# Osbornellus

***Osbornellus*** is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae). There are at least 100 described species in *Osbornellus*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Osbornellus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Family: | Cicadellidae |
| Subfamily: | Deltocephalinae |
| Genus: | *Osbornellus*<br>Ball, 1932 |
|


title: Osborne railway station

abstract: Osborne railway station is located on the Outer Harbor line. Situated in the north-western Adelaide suburb of Osborne, it is 19.6 kilometres from Adelaide station.

text:
# Osborne railway station

**Osborne railway station** is located on the Outer Harbor line. Situated in the north-western Adelaide suburb of Osborne, it is 19.6 kilometres from Adelaide station.

## History

This station was opened on 30 November 1908.

Just south of the station, the line from Adelaide becomes single track for the remainder of the journey to Outer Harbor. It once had two platforms but one closed in the 1980s when the balloon loop north was removed. The unused track was gradually removed, with the last remnants at the level crossing next to the station pulled up in July 2019. Just south of the station, the ICI Osborne railway line branched off to the ICI Osborne works (later owned by Penrice Soda Products). This had industrial passenger service until 1980 and has since been dismantled. Some peak hour services from Adelaide terminate at Osborne.

## Services by platform

| Platform | Lines | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Outer Harbor | all stops services to Outer Harbor/Adelaide | some peak hour services terminate this station |
| 2 |  |  | not in use |

| **Bus Transfers: Stop 60 (Victoria Road)** | |
| --- | --- |
| **Route No.** | **Destination & Route Details** |
| **150** | City via Victoria Road, Carnarvon Terrace, Fletcher Road & Port Road |

| **Bus Transfers: Stop 59 (Military Road)** | |
| --- | --- |
| **Route No.** | **Destination & Route Details** |
| **333** | Port Adelaide via Military Road, Hart Street, Glanville station & Semaphore Road |

Media related to Osborne railway station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Osborne | |
| --- | --- |
| Southbound view from the station platform, February 2024 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Osborne Road, Osborne |
| Coordinates | 34°47′35″S 138°29′57″E / 34.79304°S 138.49917°E / -34.79304; 138.49917 |
| Owned by | Department for Infrastructure & Transport |
| Operated by | Adelaide Metro |
| Line(s) | Outer Harbor |
| Distance | 19.6 km from Adelaide |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Connections | Bus |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Ground |
| Parking | Yes |
| Bicycle facilities | No |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | 30 November 1908 |
| Rebuilt | 1980s |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Adelaide Metro Following station  Midlungatowards Adelaide  Outer Harbor line  North Haventowards Outer Harbor | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Embarq

abstract: Embarq Corporation was the largest independent local exchange carrier in the United States, serving customers in 18 states and providing local, long-distance, high-speed data and wireless services to residential and business customers. It had been formerly the local telephone division (LTD) of Sprint Nextel until 2006, when it was spun off as an independent company. Embarq produced more than $6 billion in revenues annually, and had approximately 18,000 employees. It was based in Overland Park, Kansas. In 2009, it was purchased by CenturyTel, which rebranded as CenturyLink after the merger.

text:
# Embarq

**Embarq Corporation** (stylized as **EMBARQ**) was the largest independent local exchange carrier in the United States (below the Baby Bells), serving customers in 18 states and providing local, long-distance, high-speed data and wireless services to residential and business customers. It had been formerly the local telephone division (LTD) of Sprint Nextel until 2006, when it was spun off as an independent company. Embarq produced more than $6 billion in revenues annually, and had approximately 18,000 employees. It was based in Overland Park, Kansas.

In 2009, it was purchased by CenturyTel, which rebranded as CenturyLink (now known as Lumen Technologies) after the merger.

## History

### Brown Telephone Company

C. L. Brown founded Brown Telephone Company in the small town of Abilene, Kansas. The company was a landline telephone company that operated as a competitor to the Bell System. Brown acquired a number of other local telephone companies, merging them under the name United Telephone Company in 1911.

### United Telecom

In 1938, after emerging from bankruptcy, United Telephone Company became United Utilities. The company grew steadily through acquisitions and changed its name to United Telecommunications in 1972, at which time it provided local telephone service in many areas of the Midwest and South. United Telecom also operated many other types of businesses. United Telecommunications United Information Systems (UIS) group acquired On-Line Systems, Inc, a company that offers business and database applications hosted on DEC time-sharing systems ca. 1980. In 1980 United Telecom launched a national X.25 data service, Uninet. To enter the long-distance voice market, United Telecom acquired ISACOMM in 1981 and US Telephone in 1984.

### Sprint

**Southern Pacific Communications Company** (SPCC), a unit of the Southern Pacific Railroad, began providing long-distance telephone service shortly after the MCI Telecommunications Corp. v. FCC (Execunet II) decision late in 1978. The railroad had an extensive microwave communications system along its rights of way used for internal communications. In 1972 they began selling surplus time on that system to corporations for use as their own Private Line Network, thereby circumventing AT&T's then-monopoly on public telephony, later expanding to fiber optic cables laid along those same rights of way subsequent to the Execunet II decision late in 1978. Prior attempts at offering long-distance service were not approved by the Federal Communications Commission, though the company's fax service (SpeedFAX) had been permitted. SPCC was headquartered in Burlingame, California, where Sprint still maintains a technology lab on Adrian Court.

As mentioned above, SPCC was only permitted to provide Private Line service and not switched services. When MCI Communications released EXECUNET, SPCC went to court with the FCC to get the right to offer switched services.

The SPRINT service was first marketed to six metropolitan areas, New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Diego and Anaheim. The switches were located in Los Angeles and New York. A customer, required to have a Private Line connection to one of these switches in order to use the service, paid an access fee per Private Line. The customer was then billed at 2.6 cents per tenth of a minute increment.

Southern Pacific Communications became part of GTE in 1982 under the name GTE Sprint. GTE had previously acquired a national X.25 provider, Telenet, in 1979.

In 1986, GTE Sprint was merged with GTE Telenet, US Telecom, Uninet, and ISACOMM to form US Sprint. This was a partnership owned by GTE and United Telecom. In 1989 United Telecom purchased controlling interest in US Sprint. In 1991 United Telecom completed its acquisition of US Sprint. That same year United Telecom changed its name to Sprint due in large part to the increased brand recognition of Sprint, as a result of the successful Candice Bergen "Dime Lady" advertisement campaign.

In 1983, United Telecom's Telespectrum began offering cellular telephone services in United's territories. In 1988, Telespectrum was sold to Centel for $763 million to fund United's purchase of an additional 30% of U.S. Sprint. This purchase gave United operational control of US Sprint.

In 1993, Sprint merged with Centel, which allowed Sprint to provide local service in a total of 18 states and put them back in the wireless business. In late 1994 and early 1995, Sprint via Sprint Spectrum (a joint venture between Sprint and several cable companies) acquired near nationwide PCS spectrum. Later in 1995 the company began to offer wireless service under the Sprint PCS brand.

On October 5, 1999, Sprint and MCI WorldCom announced a $129 billion merger agreement between the two companies. The deal would have been the largest corporate merger in history at the time. However, the deal did not go through because of pressure from the United States Department of Justice and the European Union on concerns of it creating a monopoly.

In 2003, Sprint began recombining their local telecom, long-distance, wireline, and wireless business units into a new company, marketing the combined company as "One Sprint". In April 2004, the separately traded wireless tracking stock, "PCS", was absorbed into the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) "FON" ticker symbol, Sprint's former ticker symbol. (FON stood for "Fiber Optic Network", which was Sprint's bragging right, but was also a homophone of the word "phone"). This was challenged in many lawsuits by Sprint PCS shareholders claiming the stock was devalued through the ratio of 1 share of PCS stock for 1/2 share of FON stock. Sprint agreed to settle with the shareholders for $57.5 million.

### Merger with Nextel and Embarq spinoff

In December 2004, Sprint announced it would acquire NEXTEL Communications, renaming itself Sprint Nextel, and planned to spin off their local telephone operations. The $35 billion deal was completed in August 2005. In February 2006, the new name and logo for the spin-off, which is called Embarq, were revealed. The spin-off was completed in May 2006.

### Acquisition by CenturyTel

On October 27, 2008, Embarq announced that it would be acquired by Monroe, Louisiana-based CenturyTel, Inc. in an all-stock transaction valued at $11.6 billion, including the assumption of $5.8 billion in Embarq's debt. CenturyTel's CEO Glen Post became CEO of the combined company. On June 2, 2009, CenturyTel and Embarq announced that the combined entity would be called CenturyLink. The acquisition was completed on July 1, 2009. The change to CenturyLink took place in October 2009.

## Former coverage area

Embarq's coverage territory included that of the former incumbent local exchange carrier companies of Carolina Telephone & Telegraph, United Telephone Company, and Centel. Embarq provided its local service in 19 states.

## Products

Embarq focused on sales of landline telephone service, high-speed internet, and DISH Network satellite TV. Embarq offered bundled services to their customers, with the convenience of one monthly bill and offered discounts for adding additional services.

Embarq telephone service was a traditional landline Plain-old telephone system (POTS). Common offerings included features such as Caller ID, Call waiting, 3-way calling, Call forwarding, Voice mail, and Anonymous call rejection.

Embarq offered many long-distance plans, including unlimited domestic direct-dialed calling.

Depending on market and geographical region, Embarq offered several high-speed internet technologies. Embarq covered the majority of their territory with ADSL at speeds of 768 kbit/s, 1.5 Mbit/s, 3.0 Mbit/s, or 5.0 Mbit/s as line conditions allowed. In September 2007 Embarq began offering 10.0 Mbit/s to customers in Las Vegas. Beginning in January 2008, Embarq released the 10 Mbit/s tier across their entire footprint. Embarq offered fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) in additional markets, such as parts of Las Vegas, Nevada, North Carolina and Florida.

Embarq had an established partnership with Dish Network and offered a comprehensive lineup of DISH Network services to its customers. Discounts were available when eligible DISH Network programming was bundled with other qualifying Embarq products. In addition to the DISH Network partnership, Embarq also planned to test a TV service (tentatively called Embarq TV) in the near future. Details were scarce, but the service was rumored to have been an IPTV fiber-to-the-node service similar to AT&T's U-verse. Testing was completed and Embarq/CenturyLink rolled out IPTV to its customer base in Jefferson City, MO in October 2009. CenturyTel is providing its IPTV feed to the Jefferson City switching office from its service in Columbia, MO. CenturyLink now offers its Prism TV service in select markets, which was based on Embarq TV. Legacy Embarq customers who have DISH Network can still bundle their service with CenturyLink, but only under a grandfather clause; new customers can only get DirecTV if Prism TV isn't available.

Embarq provided wireless phone service only for business accounts; they closed residential wireless business. Embarq provided business wireless phone service throughout much of its territory. Embarq operated as a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) for Sprint PCS. Embarq utilized the CDMA band, and their handsets connect primarily to Sprint PCS towers. However, Embarq handsets were also capable of roaming onto CDMA networks from other carriers.

Embarq DSL customers were offered free EarthLink services until the formation of Myembarq.com. In February 2007, Embarq customers were required to switch to Myembarq and Embarqmail.

## Criticisms

Embarq previously worked with NebuAd, a behavioral targeting advertising company to track customers' internet browsing habits. The goal was to deliver relevant ads based on browsing history. This has raised several legal and privacy concerns, along with the other internet providers using NebuAd and related services such as Charter Communications and WOW!. Embarq's use of NebuAd prompted a letter from Congressman Edward Markey. Embarq responded to Congressman Markey's letter. Embarq later claimed that its participation with NebuAd was a trial, and that they were not currently using NebuAd for behavioral targeted advertising.

## InfoBox

Embarq Corporation
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Traded as | NYSE: EQ |
| Industry | Telecom Service - Domestic |
| Predecessor | Sprint
Sprint Nextel |
| Founded | May 17, 2006 (2006-05-17) |
| Defunct | July 1, 2009 (2009-07-01) |
| Successor | CenturyTel
CenturyLink |
| Headquarters | Overland Park, Kansas, U.S. |
| Area served | 19 states |
| Services | Telecommunications |
| Revenue | $6.363 billion USD (2006) |
| Number of employees | 18,000 (2007) |
| Parent | Sprint Nextel (2006)
CenturyTel (2009-2010)
CenturyLink (2011-present) |
| Subsidiaries | Centel
United Telephone Companies |
| Website | https://www.embarq.com Archived 14 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine |


title: Embarq Missouri

abstract: Embarq Missouri, Inc. was a telephone operating company providing local telephone services in Kansas and Missouri owned by BrightSpeed.

text:
# Embarq Missouri

**Embarq Missouri, Inc.** was a telephone operating company providing local telephone services in Kansas and Missouri owned by BrightSpeed.

## History

The company was established in 1929 as **The United Telephone Company**, later changing its name to **United Telephone Company of Missouri** upon expansion of the United Telephone System. It was owned by United Telecommunications.

United Utilities later became United Telecommunications in 1972, and acquired Sprint Long Distance from GTE in the 1980s. The company later became Sprint Corporation and United Telephone of Missouri then became **Sprint Missouri, Inc.**, operating as part of the **Sprint Local Telecommunications Division**.

Sprint Corporation, in 2005, acquired Nextel and changed its name to Sprint Nextel Corporation. The company intended to spin off its wireline assets into a separate company, which in 2006 occurred as Embarq Corporation. Sprint Missouri then became **Embarq Missouri, Inc.**

Embarq was acquired by CenturyTel in 2009, which in 2010 changed its name to **CenturyLink**. This brought all the lines formerly owned by both United Telecom/Sprint and GTE within the state of Missouri under ownership of the same company, as CenturyTel had previously purchased the former GTE Midwest lines in the state from Verizon in 2002, forming CenturyTel of Missouri; however both it and Embarq Missouri remained separate operating companies within CenturyLink. Embarq Missouri at that point began carrying on business under the CenturyLink name.

### Proposed sale

On August 3, 2021, Lumen announced its sale of its local telephone assets in 20 states to Apollo Global Management, including Kansas and Missouri. Apollo formed a subsidiary called BrightSpeed to acquire the assets from Lumen. The sale to Apollo closed on October 3, 2022.

### Merger

On June 9, 2023, Embarq Missouri was merged into a new operating company, Brightspeed of West Missouri.

## InfoBox

Embarq Missouri, Inc.
| Company type | Private (Subsidiary of BrightSpeed) |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Telecommunications |
| Founded | 1929 |
| Defunct | June 9, 2023 |
| Fate | Merged |
| Successor | Brightspeed of West Missouri |
| Products | Local Telephone Service |
| Parent | United/Sprint Nextel (1929-2006)
Embarq (2006-2009)
CenturyLink/Lumen (2009-2022)
BrightSpeed (2022-2023) |
| Website | http://www.brightspeed.com/ |


title: Elyria, Kansas

abstract: Elyria is a census-designated place (CDP) in McPherson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 120. It is located southeast of McPherson at Old U.S. 81 Highway and Comanche Rd.

text:
# Elyria, Kansas

**Elyria** is a census-designated place (CDP) in McPherson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 120. It is located southeast of McPherson at Old U.S. 81 Highway and Comanche Rd.

## History

### Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles.

### 19th century

In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1848, after the Mexican–American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Spain brought into the United States all or part of land for ten future states, including southwest Kansas. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1867, McPherson County was established within the Kansas Territory, which included the land for modern day Elyria.

Elyria was a shipping point on the Missouri Pacific Railroad. It was named after Elyria, Ohio.

A post office was moved from King City to Elyria in 1887 then it existed until 1954.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 120 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Education

The community is served by Moundridge USD 423 public school district.

Elyria is home of the Elyria Christian School, a private elementary and secondary school.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Elyria, Kansas | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| KDOT map of McPherson County (legend) | |
| ElyriaElyria | |
| Coordinates: 38°17′26″N 97°37′37″W / 38.29056°N 97.62694°W / 38.29056; -97.62694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | McPherson |
| Elevation | 1,486 ft (453 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 120 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 620 |
| FIPS code | 20-20975 |
| GNIS ID | 477316 |


title: Oskoršnica

abstract: Oskoršnica is a settlement in the Municipality of Semič in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The entire area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola.

text:
# Oskoršnica

**Oskoršnica** (pronounced \[ɔˈskoːɾʃnitsa\]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Semič in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The entire area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola.

## InfoBox

| Oskoršnica | |
| --- | --- |
| OskoršnicaLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 45°39′36.16″N 15°12′16.78″E / 45.6600444°N 15.2046611°E / 45.6600444; 15.2046611 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Lower Carniola |
| Statistical region | Southeast Slovenia |
| Municipality | Semič |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.08 km2 (0.42 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 229.5 m (753.0 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 78 |
|  | |


title: TUBB1

abstract: TUBB1 is a gene that codes for the protein Tubulin beta-1 chain in humans.

text:
# TUBB1

**TUBB1** is a gene that codes for the protein **Tubulin beta-1 chain** in humans.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| TUBB1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TUBB1, tubulin beta 1 class VI, MACTHC1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 612901; MGI: 107814; HomoloGene: 69474; GeneCards: TUBB1; OMA:TUBB1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_030773   NM\_001080971   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_110400   NP\_001074440   Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 59.02 – 59.03 Mb Chr 2: 174.29 – 174.3 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Elmer Acevedo

abstract: Élmer Ángel Acevedo Aguilar was a footballer from El Salvador who played as a striker for the national football team.

text:
# Elmer Acevedo

**Élmer Ángel Acevedo Aguilar** (27 January 1949 – 30 August 2017) was a footballer from El Salvador who played as a striker for the national football team.

## Club career

Born in La Libertad Department, he moved to study in Santa Ana and joined the youth team of local club FAS, aged 16.

After six years in the first team, Acevedo retired in 1972 due to a serious injury to his left leg.

## International career

Acevedo represented El Salvador at the 1968 Olympic Games and in 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification, where he scored in the match against Honduras which sparked the infamous Football War. He also was a non-playing member of his nation's 1970 World Cup Finals squad in Mexico.

He died on 30 August 2017, in Acajutla, Sonsonate, El Salvador.

## InfoBox

Élmer Acevedo
| Acevedo in 1970 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Élmer Ángel Acevedo Aguilar | | |
| Date of birth | (1949-01-27)27 January 1949 | | |
| Place of birth | Chanmico, La Libertad, El Salvador | | |
| Date of death | 30 August 2017(2017-08-30) (aged 68) | | |
| Place of death | Acajutla, Sonsonate, El Salvador | | |
| Position(s) | striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 19651971 | FAS |  | (47) |
| International career | | | |
|  | El Salvador |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1973 | Los Andes | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 25 March 2008 | | | |


title: Elżbieta Jabłońska

abstract: Elżbieta Jabłońska is a Polish contemporary visual artist, and professor. She has served as the Chair of Drawing and has taught art at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń since 1996. Jablonska is known for photography, film, installation art, and performance art. Her artwork engages with Polish stereotypes and myths of women, mothers, and the Catholicism. She lives in Bydgoszcz in northern Poland, in a farming cooperative.

text:
# Elżbieta Jabłońska

**Elżbieta Jabłońska** (born 1970) is a Polish contemporary visual artist, and professor. She has served as the Chair of Drawing and has taught art at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń since 1996. Jablonska is known for photography, film, installation art, and performance art. Her artwork engages with Polish stereotypes and myths of women, mothers, and the Catholicism. She lives in Bydgoszcz in northern Poland, in a farming cooperative.

## Early life, education, and family

Elżbieta Jabłońska was born in 1970 in Olsztyn, Poland. She studied at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, where she graduated with a MA degree in 1995.

She is the widow of Polish musician Jacek Majewski (1966–2006), who co-founded the Mózg Club in Bydgoszcz. Together they have a son that is a noted musician and the subject of many of her photographs, Antoni (Antek) Majewski.

## Career

Her artwork deals with clichés of femininity found in Catholicism, as artists, and in motherhood in Poland, as well as various types of social exclusion. Jablonska's most famous work is a self-portrait of the artist dressed as Superman with her son Antek on her lap, in the pose of Virgin Mary with the baby; from the "Supermatka" (English: *Supermother*) (2002) photo series. Her photo series "Przypadkowa Przyjemność" (English: *Accidental Pleasure*) (2006) documented the food remains of the artist's culinary activities.

Her public artwork "Nowe Zycie" (English: *New Life*) (2014) is an oversized neon sign mounted on an Agricultural Production Cooperative found in the village Trzeciewiec in Poland. From May to June 2002, her work "Gry Domowe" (English: *Household Games*) was presented as part of the AMS Outdoor Gallery, a project shown on 400 billboards in the largest Polish cities and led by Marek Krajewski, Dorota Grobelna, and Lechosław Olszewski.

Jablonska's work was recognized through its inclusion in a major international surveys, including the *7th* *Construction in Process* (2000) held at the Regional Museum, Bydgoszcz in Bydgoszcz; and *Global Feminisms* (2007) held at the Brooklyn Museum, and curated by Maura Reilly and Linda Nochlin. Her work was also part of the group exhibitions "Architectures Of Gender: Contemporary Women’s Art In Poland" at SculptureCenter in Long Island; "Hero Mother: Contemporary Art by Post-Communist Women Rethinking Heroism" (2016) at MOMENTUM Berlin in Berlin, curated by Bojana Pejic and Rachel Rits-Volloch; and "Part 2: Maternality" (2020) at Richard Saltoun Gallery in London.

Jablonska's artwork is part of public museum collections including the Zachęta National Gallery of Art, and ING Polish Art Foundation.

## InfoBox

| Elżbieta Jabłońska | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elżbieta Anna Jabłońska
1970 (age 5354)
Olsztyn, Poland |
| Other names | Elizabeth Jablonska,
Elzbieta Jablonska |
| Alma mater | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| Occupation | Visual artist |
| Known for | Photography, installation art, performance art |
| Movement | Post-feminism |
| Spouse | Jacek Majewski |
| Website | Official website |


title: TWINT

abstract: Twint is a Swiss mobile payment app whose development began in 2014, and was rolled out nation-wide in 2017. In 2024, Twint has become ubiquitous in Switzerland, with practically all stores accepting Twint payments, and nearly all banks taking part in the payment system. The app has first been developed by the company Monexio, a subsidiary wholly owned by PostFinance. The first banks that cooperated in Twint were the Berner Kantonalbank and Valiant Bank (2015), and in 2016, the Basler Kantonalbank and Bank Cler, the then-time Coop Bank, followed. Twint had approximately five million users at the begin of 2023, while the adult population of Switzerland numbered seven million at the same time.

text:
# TWINT

**Twint** is a Swiss mobile payment app whose development began in 2014, and was rolled out nation-wide in 2017. In 2024, Twint has become ubiquitous in Switzerland, with practically all stores accepting Twint payments, and nearly all banks taking part in the payment system. The app has first been developed by the company Monexio, a subsidiary wholly owned by PostFinance.

The first banks that cooperated in Twint were the Berner Kantonalbank and Valiant Bank (2015), and in 2016, the Basler Kantonalbank and Bank Cler, the then-time Coop Bank, followed.

Twint had approximately five million users at the begin of 2023, while the adult population of Switzerland numbered seven million at the same time.

## Company

### History

Monexio AG was founded in July 2014 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of PostFinance. PostFinance Executive Board member Thierry Kneissler was appointed CEO, while Hansruedi Köng, CEO of PostFinance, became Chairman of the Board of Directors. The company became operational in August 2014. The pre-launch of Twint took place from 6 August 2015, starting in the cities of Bern and Zurich. The national rollout began on 3 November 2015.

## Function

Each Twint account is connected a mobile phone number, a bank account, or both.

Payments to other Twint users

When making a payment to a private Twint user, the payer selects the receiver's contact in the app, and specifies the sum. A receiver can also request a sum from a mobile phone contact if that person is also using the Twint app.

Payment in stores

Payment when making purchases can happen in two ways:

* The credit card terminal's display shows an instantly generated QR code that contains both the recipient's account, and the amount to be paid. With the phone's camera, the app scans the QR code, and then asks the payer for confirmation.
* The store owner can display a sheet of paper on which a static QR code is printed. In that case, the QR code only specifies the recipient's account, and the payer has to enter the sum on his mobile phone. After successful payment, the payer then shows his phone display to the vendor, where the app displays the sum and the receiver's identity.

Specifically the latter method has allowed many small stores to be integrated into cashless money transfer, e.g. mountain huts, club restaurants at sports matches, and second-hand shops, without having to invest in credit card terminals.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Twint AG
|
|  |
| Company type | Joint-stock company |
| Predecessor | Monexio AG |
| Founded | September 2016 (2016-09) in Zurich, Switzerland |
| Headquarters | Zurich, Switzerland |
| Key people | Markus Kilb (CEO) |
| Services | Mobile payment |
| Website | twint.ch |


title: Orya–Tor languages

abstract: The Orya–Tor languages are a family of just over a dozen Papuan languages spoken in Western New Guinea, Indonesia.

text:
# Orya–Tor languages

The **Orya–Tor** languages are a family of just over a dozen Papuan languages spoken in Western New Guinea, Indonesia.

## Classification

The Tor family, named after the Tor River, is clearly established. Its closest relative appears to be Orya.

Stephen Wurm (1975) linked Orya and the Tor languages with the Lakes Plain languages, forming a branch of his Trans–New Guinea phylum. Clouse (1997) found no evidence of such a connection. Malcolm Ross (2005) linked them instead with part of another erstwhile branch of TNG in a Tor–Kwerba proposal, and Usher makes a broadly similar proposal. *Glottolog* accepts only the link with Orya as having been demonstrated.

## Languages

### Foley (2018)

Foley (2018) provides the following classification.

Foley considers the inclusion of Sause within the Tor family to be questionable due to insufficient lexical evidence. See Kapauri–Sause languages.

### Usher (2020)

Timothy Usher provides the following classification:

Jofotek and Mander are found to be the same language, whereas the ISO conflation of Edwas and Bonerif is found to be spurious. A Wares language is not attested. (The Wares people are not known to have a distinct language, and the language of the village of Wares is Mawes.)

## Proto-language

### Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory tentatively as follows:

| \*m | \*n |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \*p | \*t | \*s | \*k | \*kʷ |
| \*b | \*d | \*dz |  | \*gʷ |
| \*w |  |  |  |  |

The stop \*d is marginal and only occurs initially. \*ɾ does not occur initially.

| \*i |  | \*u |
| --- | --- | --- |
| \*e |  | \*o |
|  |  |  |
|  | \*a |  |

### Pronouns

The pronouns Ross reconstructs for proto-Orya–Tor are,

| **I** | *\*ai* | **exclusive we** | ? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | **inclusive we** | *\*ne* |
| **thou** | *\*emei* | **you** | *\*em* |
| **s/he** | *\*je* | **they** | ? |

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns of the East Tor Coast branch as:

East Tor Coast
|  | sg | pl |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1excl | \*ai/ana | \*ai-saise (?) |
| | 1incl | \*ne-saise (?) |
| 2 | \*im\[i\] | \*im\[i\]-saise |
| 3 | \*dei | \*dei-saise |

### Basic vocabulary

Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:

| gloss | Proto-Orya-Tor River | Proto-Tor River | Orya |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| head | \*nəbaɾ | \*nəbaɾ |  |
| leaf/hair | \*aɾ\[ɛ/a\]\[n/ŋ\] | \*aɾ\[ɛ/a\]\[n/ŋ\] | ala |
| eye | \*nVwɛ | \*nVwɛ | nwe |
| nose | \*masɛ | \*masɛ | mase |
| tongue | \*mapəɾ\[Vm\] | \*mafəɾVm | mahal |
| foot/leg | \*ta\[g\]əna | \*ta\[g\]əna | tana |
| breast | \*mo̝m | \*mo̝m | mom |
| louse | \*nɛna | \*nɛna |  |
| dog | \*gʷəɾa | \*gʷəɾa |  |
| pig | \*gʷas | \*gʷas |  |
| bird | \*dzu | \*dzu |  |
| egg | \*s\[u\]w\[e̝\] | \*s\[u\]w\[e̝\] |  |
| tree/wood | \*te̝ | \*te̝ | te |
| woman/wife | \*kʷe̝ | \*kʷe̝ | we |
| moon | \*p\[ɛⁱ\]n | \*fɛⁱn |  |
| water | \*pɔ | \*fɔ | ho |
| path | \*nVɾ | \*nVɾ |  |
| name | \*bo̝s\[ɛ/a\] | \*bo̝s\[ɛ/a\] | bose |
| one | \*apa | \*afa |  |
| two | \*nawɛt | \*nawɛt |  |

* Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). *Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples*. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.

## InfoBox

| Orya–Tor | |
| --- | --- |
| Geographic<br>distribution | Tor River region, Western New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Northwest Papuan? |
| Subdivisions |  |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | ``toro1256`` |


title: We Will Not Be Shaken (Live)

abstract: We Will Not Be Shaken (Live) is the tenth album from California based Bethel Music. The album was released through the group's label, Bethel Music, on January 26, 2015. The album was produced by Bobby Strand, Chris Greely, and Matthew Wilcox, and executively produced by Brian Johnson and Joel Taylor.

text:
# We Will Not Be Shaken (Live)

***We Will Not Be Shaken (Live)*** is the tenth album from California based Bethel Music. The album was released through the group's label, *Bethel Music*, on January 26, 2015. The album was produced by Bobby Strand, Chris Greely, and Matthew Wilcox, and executively produced by Brian Johnson and Joel Taylor.

## Singles

"No Longer Slaves" featuring Jonathan David and Melissa Helser was released as the lead single from the album on August 21, 2015. The song was studio recorded prior to being released to Christian radio.

## Critical reception

Kevin Davis of *New Release Today* said, "On a mountaintop north of Redding, CA, the Bethel Music community gathered for an unforgettable evening of worship. The resulting live album and film portrays breathtaking visuals and resounds with hope. We Will Not Be Shaken presents 11 new songs led by Bethel Music's artist collective, including several debut artists. The accompanying film chronicles the full evening of worship interwoven with honest stories as told by Bethel Music leaders about pursuing authentic community amidst an ever-growing and changing culture. Birthed in a spontaneous moment of worship, the album's title track "We Will not Be Shaken" hails a message of promise amidst adversity and the victory we have in Jesus. The live film powerfully captures the energy and declarations that echoed into the night and invites listeners to join in praise." Christopher Smith of *Jesus Freak Hideout* said, "Recorded live at Shasta Lake in California, We Will Not Be Shaken is an evening of worship led by the artist collective, Bethel Music. Though artists like Jeremy Riddle and Steffany Gretzinger are missing from this project, the artists that are featured here provide an intimate worshipful environment for these eleven brand new songs. For having nine lead singers, We Will Not Be Shaken is surprisingly cohesive. There are also a handful of artists that make their debut on here on the album, including Kalley Heiligenthal, Hannah McClure, Paul McClure, Jonathan Helser and Melissa Helser. All of these vocalists are relatively talented and help foster the true heart of worship: Jesus. There are even a few points where their passion for Jesus really bursts through, such as at the end of "No Longer Slaves" where newcomer Jonathan Helser cracks his voice out of complete abandonment while singing. Though the artists of Bethel Music focus more on the personal qualities of God, they effectively communicate both these awe-inspiring and fatherly characteristics of God. However, there are several areas throughout the album that seem to lack vulnerability and urgency in our need for Jesus. Even still, most of the songs do have strong lyrical moments, and a few even manage to avoid any problems completely, such as the beautifully penned "Nearness" and "In Over My Head." The music on We Will Not Be Shaken boasts a gentle tone which could be described as a cross between Hillsong and All Sons and Daughters - though not as unique as the latter. Despite the plethora of singers and instrumentalists, none of the songs feel overdone or over performed. The whole album has a magnificently peaceful ambiance that is layered with elegant instrumentation. There are a quite a few things that stand out about this project - the tender tone, the excellent musicianship, and the quality of the singers' voices, but the lyrics could have been stronger and the album's running time could have been cut down considerably." Matt Collar of *All Music* said, "Recorded live in 2014, Bethel Music's *We Will Not Be Shaken* showcases the praise and worship ensemble performing in a beautiful mountaintop setting in Redding, California. Showcased here are Bethel Music singer/songwriters Brian and Jenn Johnson, Matt Stinton, Amanda Cook, and Hunter Thompson. Also featured are inspirational contributions from several worship leaders including Kalley Heiligenthal, Jonathan and Melissa Helser, and others. Included are moving renditions of such songs as "Ever Be," "You Don't Miss a Thing," "Nearness," Jesus We Love You," and "In Over My Head."

## Awards and accolades

This album was No. 3, on the *Worship Leader'*s Top 20 Albums of 2015 list. The song, "Ever Be", which featured the vocals of Kalley Heiligenthal, was No. 18 on the *Worship Leader'*s Top 20 Songs of 2015 list.

In August 2016, the Gospel Music Association announced the nominees of the 47th Annual GMA Dove Awards with "No Longer Slaves" being nominated for a Dove Award in the "Worship Song of the Year" category. On October 11, 2016, "No Longer Slaves" won the GMA Dove Award at a ceremony held at the Allen Arena on the campus of Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee, with Jonathan David & Melissa Helser performing the song that night.

On August 9, 2017, it was announced that the song "Ever Be" would be nominated for a GMA Dove Award in the Worship Song of the Year category. However, the song did not win the award.

## Track listing

Standard edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Worship leader(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "We Will Not Be Shaken" |  | Brian Johnson | 5:32 |
| 2. | "Ever Be" |  | Kalley Heiligenthal | 5:22 |
| 3. | "Jesus We Love You" |  | Paul McClure | 6:55 |
| 4. | "No Longer Slaves" | * Jonathan Helser * Joel Case * B. Johnson | Jonathan David and Melissa Helser | 6:13 |
| 5. | "You Don't Miss a Thing" |  | Amanda Cook | 7:40 |
| 6. | "Seas of Crimson" |  | Brian Johnson | 5:44 |
| 7. | "Home" | Hunter Thompson | Hunter Thompson | 4:54 |
| 8. | "Nearness" | * Jenn Johnson * John-Paul Gentile * Janie Taylor * Robby Busick | Jenn Johnson | 5:14 |
| 9. | "You Are My One Thing" | * H. McClure * P. McClure | Hannah McClure | 4:58 |
| 10. | "Who Can Compare To You" | * Matt Stinton * Strand * Greely | Matt Stinton | 5:56 |
| 11. | "In Over My Head (Crash Over Me)" | * J. Johnson * Gentile | Jenn Johnson | 4:58 |

iTunes Store bonus content
| No. | Title | Worship Leader(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Ever Be" (Live Video) | Kalley Heiligenthal | 5:34 |
| 13. | "In Over My Head (Crash Over Me)" (Live Video) | Jenn Johnson | 5:01 |
| 14. | "Jesus We Love You" (Live Video) | Paul McClure | 6:54 |
| 15. | "No Longer Slaves" (Live Video) | Jonathan David and Melissa Helser | 6:06 |
| 16. | "We Will Not Be Shaken" (Live Video) | Brian Johnson | 5:19 |

## Credits

Adapted from AllMusic.

**Vocalists**

* Paul Arend – backing vocals
* Amanda Cook – vocals
* Chris Greely – backing vocals
* Kalley Heiligenthal – vocals
* Jonathan David Helser – vocals
* Melissa Helser – vocals
* Brian Johnson – vocals
* Jenn Johnson – vocals, backing vocals
* Hannah McClure – vocals, backing vocals
* Paul McClure – vocals
* Matt Stinton – vocals
* Bobby Strand – backing vocals
* Lindsey Strand – backing vocals
* Hunter Thompson – vocals
* Joe Volk – backing vocals

**Musicians**

* Luke Hendrickson – keyboards
* Bobby Strand – keyboards, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, drums, percussion,
* Matthew Wilcox – keyboards, drums, percussion
* Chris Greely – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, drums, percussion
* Brian Johnson – acoustic guitar
* Michael Pope – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Hunter Thompson – acoustic guitar
* Matthew Ogden – bass
* Joe Volk – drums, percussion
* David Whitworth – drums, percussion
* Asher Stanley – cello
* Hannah Jeanpierre – violin
* Allison Wyatt – violin

**Production**

* Brian Johnson – executive producer
* Joel Taylor – executive producer
* Chris Greely – producer, engineer, mixing
* Bobby Strand – producer
* Matthew Wilcox – additional production
* Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York, NY)
* Jonah Thompson – monitors
* Kiley Hill – production coordination
* Lindsey Strand – production assistant
* Stephen James Hart – visual worship leader, photography, design

## Charts

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| South Africa (RISA) | Platinum | 40,000* |
| United States |  | 30,000 |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| We Will Not Be Shaken (Live) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Bethel Music | |
| Released | January 26, 2015 |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 63:26 |
| Label | Bethel Music |
| Producer | * Bobby Strand * Chris Greely * Matthew Wilcox |
| Bethel Music live album chronology | |
| *You Make Me Brave: Live at the Civic*
(2014) ***We Will Not Be Shaken (Live)***
(2015) *Have It All*
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Bethel Music chronology | |
| *You Make Me Brave: Live at the Civic*
(2014) ***We Will Not Be Shaken (Live)***
(2015) *Without Words: Synesthesia*
(2015) | |
| Singles from  *We Will Not Be Shaken (Live)* | |
| 1. "No Longer Slaves"
Released: August 21, 2015 | |
|  | |


title: Paul Leonard Hagarty

abstract: Paul Leonard Hagarty, O.S.B., O.B.E. was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the first Bishop of Nassau (1960–81), having previously served as Vicar Apostolic of the Bahama Islands (1950–60).

text:
# Paul Leonard Hagarty

**Paul Leonard Hagarty**, O.S.B., O.B.E. (March 20, 1909  September 22, 1984) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the first Bishop of Nassau (1960–81), having previously served as Vicar Apostolic of the Bahama Islands (1950–60).

## Early life and education

Hagarty was born in Greene, Iowa, one of ten children of James Herbert and Lucy Belle (née O'Connell) Hagarty. He attended Oakland School No. 8 and Sacred Heart Academy before entering Greene Catholic High School. He then studied at Loras College in Dubuque, where he paid for his first year with the compensation he received from a railroad accident in which he suffered a broken leg. He paid the rest of his way through college with a Saturday job at J. C. Penney, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1930.

## Ministry

He worked as a geologist for the Union Pacific Railroad, as well as a junior meteorologist with the National Weather Service, before joining the Order of St. Benedict, more commonly known as the Benedictines, at St. John's Abbey in Collegeville, Minnesota, in 1931. He made his profession as a Benedictine monk on November 6, 1932, taking the name **Leonard**. He was ordained to the priesthood on June 6, 1936.

In 1937, Hagarty was sent by his superiors to serve as a missionary to the Bahama Islands, a British colony, where he served as a curate at St. Francis Xavier Church in Nassau for five years. In addition to his pastoral work, he was also a chaplain for the local leper colony, Goodwill Orphanage, and the general hospital.

During World War II, he served as an auxiliary chaplain to British and American troops in the Bahamas. He developed a close relationship with Bishop John Kevenhoerster, who brought Hagarty with him on his collecting tours and later sent him to the University of Oxford for postgraduate studies. He became director of education following his return, reforming the Catholic school system.

On June 25, 1950, Hagarty was appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Bahama Islands and Titular Bishop of Arba by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following October 19 from Archbishop Amleto Cicognani at the Church of Our Lady of the Holy Souls in Nassau. The apostolic vicariate was elevated to the Diocese of Nassau by Pope John XXIII on July 5, 1960, with Hagarty becoming its first Bishop.

During his tenure, he greatly expanded Catholic participation in education and social development. He attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965. In February 1979, he hosted Pope John Paul II during his visit to Nassau. He was also named an Officer of The Order of The British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

## Later life and death

Hagarty resigned as bishop on July 17, 1981 due to poor health. He later died at St. John's Abbey at age 75, and is entombed at St. Francis Xavier Cathedral in Nassau.


title: Iolaus calisto

abstract: Iolaus calisto, the large green sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, southern Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and the Central African Republic. The habitat consists of forests.

text:
# Iolaus calisto

***Iolaus calisto***, the **large green sapphire**, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, southern Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (south and the Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon and the Central African Republic. The habitat consists of forests.

## InfoBox

| *Iolaus calisto* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Iolaus* |
| Species: | ***I. calisto*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Iolaus calisto***<br>(Westwood, 1851) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anthene calisto* Westwood, 1851 * *Iolaus* (*Philiolaus*) *calisto* | |


title: The Highbinders

abstract: The Highbinders is a 1915 American short crime film directed by Tod Browning. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

text:
# The Highbinders

***The Highbinders*** is a 1915 American short crime film directed by Tod Browning. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Plot

As recorded in a film magazine, Maggie, the daughter of Pat Gallagher, a brutal saloon keeper, to escape from being forced into a marriage with a bully and protégé of her father, takes refuge in a shop in Chinatown that is just around the corner from her father's resort. The Chinese merchant Hop Woo, who has given her shelter, at last persuades her to marry him, resulting in a repugnant life for her. Years later finds Hop Woo the merchant selling his daughter Ah Woo into slavery. Ah Woo's brother, overhearing his father bartering with the highbinder, who is a member of the powerful Hip-y-tong society, runs for help to Jack Donovan, who keeps a gambling hall on the border of Chinatown. The brother shoots and kills the slave trader. Hop Woo is suspected of the crime and visited with blood atonement by the Hip-y-tong. The brother and Donovan, who loves the Chinese-American girl, rescue her from an underground passage below Chinatown, and Donovan shoots dead the highbinders. Maggie, the mother has committed suicide. Donovan sells the gambling hall and buys a ranch, where he takes his bride Ah Woo and her brother.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Highbinders | |
| --- | --- |
| Seena Owen as Ah Woo | |
| Directed by | Tod Browning |
| Starring | Eugene Pallette<br>Seena Owen |
| Release date | * April 18, 1915 (1915-04-18) |
| Running time | 2 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent with English intertitles |


title: Frank Kreeger

abstract: Frank Kreeger was at the 19th-century professional baseball player. He played for the Kansas City Cowboys of the Union Association in 1884.

text:
# Frank Kreeger

**Frank Kreeger** was at the 19th-century professional baseball player. He played for the Kansas City Cowboys of the Union Association in 1884.

## InfoBox

| Frank Kreeger | |
| --- | --- |
| **Outfielder/Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** Unknown | |
| **Died:** July 12, 1899<br>Shelby County, Illinois | |
| **Batted:** Unknown**Threw:** Unknown | |
| MLB debut | |
| July 28, 1884, for the Kansas City Cowboys | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 28, 1884, for the Kansas City Cowboys | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .000 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs scored | 0 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Tomorrow Belongs to Me

abstract: "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" is a song from the 1966 Broadway musical Cabaret, and the 1972 film of the same name, sung primarily by a Nazi character. It was written and composed by two Jewish musicians – John Kander and Fred Ebb – as part of an avowedly anti-fascist work; the nationalist character of the song serves as a warning to the musical's characters of the rise of Nazism. Nonetheless, "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" has been adopted by right-wing, neo-Nazi, and alt-right groups as an anthem.

text:
# Tomorrow Belongs to Me

**"Tomorrow Belongs to Me"** is a song from the 1966 Broadway musical *Cabaret*, and the 1972 film of the same name, sung primarily by a Nazi character. It was written and composed by two Jewish musicians – John Kander and Fred Ebb – as part of an avowedly anti-fascist work; the nationalist character of the song serves as a warning to the musical's characters of the rise of Nazism. Nonetheless, "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" has been adopted by right-wing, neo-Nazi, and alt-right groups as an anthem.

## In *Cabaret*

The song appears late in Act I. It is sung by a waiter in the play and a teenage boy in the film, with a crowd joining in as the song progresses. It begins with the tone of a nostalgic German folk song, but develops the character of an intimidating military march as the instrumentation develops and more singers add their voices. In the film, the boy's Hitler Youth uniform is revealed as he sings. Towards the climax, the waiter is seen to wear a swastika armband in the play, and the youth gives a vigorous Nazi salute in the film. As diegetic music, the performance of the song is observed and commented on by the other characters in the musical. In the film, it is also the only song that takes place outside of the confines of the Kit Kat Club, the Berlin nightclub that is the main setting. The song marks the first time that the narrative moves away from the hedonism of the nightclub, and establishes the rise of the Nazi Party as the main theme of the story. The intent is to shock and concern the audience.

The music of the song bears a passing similarity to a 19th-century German song named "Lorelei", with music by Friedrich Silcher to a poem by Heinrich Heine. The pastoral tone of the lyrics is also somewhat similar; however, the content of the lyrics is entirely different. There is also an authentic Nazi song "Es Zittern die Morschen Knochen" ("The Frail Bones Tremble"), which, while unmistakably different to listen to, contains the lyrics "For today Germany belongs to us/and tomorrow the whole world". The extent to which either of these songs was an influence on Kander and Ebb is not known.

Almost immediately after the first stage performances of *Cabaret*, it became clear that "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" could widely be misunderstood. There were complaints from people who were insistent that they had heard the song in use as a genuine Nazi anthem. Others seemed to embrace its lyrics at face value, without political context; a Jewish youth group requested permission to use it in their summer camp show. In 1973, concerned parents at a largely Jewish school in New York State raised a petition against the song being included in a school performance; school administrators determined that it would go ahead as planned.

## Subsequent adoption by political groups

The National Socialist League, an American neo-Nazi organization, used the slogan "Tomorrow Belongs to You!" in 1974 recruiting advertisements, referencing the popular musical. By the late 1970s, "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" had become an unofficial anthem of the Federation of Conservative Students, a student wing of the British Conservative Party. Alan Clark, a Conservative politician who flirted with the idea of joining the far-right National Front, recalls in his diaries watching the "uplifting" song in a TV airing of the film. When the satirical comedy show *Spitting Image* looked for a fascist-themed song to satirize the Conservative Party victory in the 1987 United Kingdom general election, they used "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" (with a similar staging of the puppet audience in a beer garden, but the live singing boy wearing a suit, with a bowler hat and umbrella in his arms, and cut through with sarcastic bits of film showing depredation and devastation, with the final lines delivered by the Thatcher puppet. Before the final chorus, the puppets of Neil Kinnock and Roy Hattersley appear, with the latter asking "Still think you can control them, Neil?")

The song has also been covered by white supremacist bands. The first such cover was in 1979 by Skrewdriver, a British band whose performances have been described as being like Nazi rallies. Skrewdriver's lead singer Ian Stuart Donaldson also covered it with his other bands The Klansmen and Ian Stuart and Stigger. Donaldson was well-known to the German neo-Nazi scene and it is likely he introduced the song to a German neo-Nazi audience. After Donaldson's death, German Rechtsrock bands including Endstufe, Radikahl and Wolfsrudel have recorded versions, Endstufe's being dedicated to Stuart. So have the American duo Prussian Blue and the Swedish singer Saga. Saga's version was cited by Anders Behring Breivik as being among the musical inspirations for his terrorist attacks. "Tomorrow Belongs to Me" could also be frequently heard at rallies for Jörg Haider, the Austrian right-wing nationalist politician. The U.S. alt-right activist Richard B. Spencer appeared to embrace the song as a neo-Nazi anthem: Kander's nephew responded by noting the song was written by a Jew in a same-sex marriage.

In Italy the song was translated as "Il domani appartiene a noi" in 1977 by La compagnia dell'anello, a right wing band, and was soon adopted as un-official hymn by Fronte della gioventù, the youth movement of political party M.S.I.

Dominic Lewis composed a cover of the song for the second season of the television adaptation of *The Man in the High Castle*, intended to fit the unsettling, dystopian atmosphere of the series.

1. Bello, Steven (2008). "*Cabaret* and Antifascist Aesthetics". *Criticism*. **50** (4): 609–630. doi:10.1353/crt.0.0081. JSTOR 23130878. S2CID 194076043.
2. Scheiblhofer, Susanne (2017). "'Tomorrow Belongs to Me': The journey of a show tune from Broadway to Rechtsrock". *Studies in Musical Theatre*. **11** (1): 5–22. doi:10.1386/smt.11.1.5\_1. Retrieved 3 Aug 2021.
3. Steyn, Mark (1999). *Broadway Babies Say Goodnight: Musicals Then and Now*. Taylor & Francis. pp. 85–86. doi:10.4324/9781315022826. ISBN 9781136685019.
4. Fritscher, Jack (2017). Hemry, Mark (ed.). *Gay Pioneers: How Drummer Shaped Gay Popular Culture 1965-1999 (Internet Archive copy)* (PDF). Palm Drive Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-1890834173. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 28 Dec 2021.
5. Marsden, Sam (12 Jan 2013). "'Class rivalry among Tories' behind 1977 attack on Damian Green at Oxford". *Telegraph.co.uk*. Retrieved 1 Aug 2021.
6. Rowat, Alison (21 Oct 2000). ""Dear Diary, what a cad of a lad I am" - Review of Alan Clark's diaries". *Herald Scotland*. Retrieved 1 Aug 2021.
7. Farr, Martin (23 Nov 2018). "Spitting Image: the puppet satire that captured Thatcher's Britain". *The Conversation*. Retrieved 4 Aug 2021.
8. Teitelbaum, Benjamin (22 July 2014). ""The Path of Dreams": Breivik, Music, and Neo-Nazi Skinheadism (Internet Archive copy)" (PDF). *Musikk Etter*. **7** (5): 119–138. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 28 Dec 2021.
9. "Obituary: Jorg Haider". *The Economist*. 18 Oct 2008. Retrieved 2 Aug 2021.
10. Duffy, Nick (22 Mar 2017). "A Neo-Nazi Loves This Song from Cabaret". *Pink News*. Retrieved 2 Aug 2021.
11. Haddad, Jalal (23 Jun 2017). "Composer Dominic Lewis On His Eerie 'High Castle' Soundscape". *Awardsdaily*. Retrieved 15 Aug 2021.


title: Uesugi Akisada

abstract: Uesugi Akisada was a Japanese samurai lord during the Sengoku period. He served as Kantō Kanrei and shugo daimyo (governor) of Kōzuke and Musashi Province. His loss of Izu Province to Hōjō Sōun in 1492–1498 marked a significant development of the Sengoku period. He was a member of the Uesugi clan. Nagao Tamekage, rose up against him in 1510 with the help of Hōjō Sōun, seizing Izu Province and killing Akisada. Sōun, with Tamekage's help, would go on to conquer some of Sagami Province, and become one of the most major figures of the Sengoku period. Tamekage's son Uesugi Kenshin would likewise become a major samurai lord of the period, his rise with the Kantō as the center of his power base, as the result of Akisada's loss, a crucial element to his success.

text:
# Uesugi Akisada

**Uesugi Akisada** (上杉 顕定, 1454 – July 25, 1510) was a Japanese samurai lord during the Sengoku period. He served as Kantō Kanrei and *shugo daimyo* (governor) of Kōzuke and Musashi Province. His loss of Izu Province to Hōjō Sōun in 1492–1498 marked a significant development of the Sengoku period. He was a member of the Uesugi clan.

Nagao Tamekage, rose up against him in 1510 with the help of Hōjō Sōun, seizing Izu Province and killing Akisada. Sōun, with Tamekage's help, would go on to conquer some of Sagami Province, and become one of the most major figures of the Sengoku period. Tamekage's son Uesugi Kenshin would likewise become a major samurai lord of the period, his rise with the Kantō as the center of his power base, as the result of Akisada's loss, a crucial element to his success.

## Further reading

* Sansom, George (1961). "A History of Japan: 1334–1615." Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
* Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.


title: Miss Mundo Dominicana 2006

abstract: The Miss Mundo Dominicana 2006 pageant was held on July 10, 2006. Only 16 candidates competed for the national crown. The chosen winner represented the Dominican Republic at the Miss World 2006. The runners-up could enter different small international pageants.

text:
# Miss Mundo Dominicana 2006

The **Miss Mundo Dominicana 2006** pageant was held on July 10, 2006. Only 16 candidates competed for the national crown. The chosen winner represented the Dominican Republic at the Miss World 2006. The runners-up could enter different small international pageants.

## Results

| Final Results | Contestant |
| --- | --- |
| Miss Mundo Dominicana 2006 |  |
| 1st Runner-up |  |
| 2nd Runner-up |  |
| Top 8 |  |

### Special awards

The winner of Miss Internet and Best Beach Dominican Beauty would officially go to the Semifinals.

## Miss Dominican Regions

## Delegates

| Province, Community | Contestant | Age | Height | Hometown | Geographical Regions |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Azua | Aurys Sánchez Tejada | 20 | 180 cm
5 ft 11 in | Santo Domingo | Sur |
| Barahona | Laura Sadhalá Roman | 19 | 177 cm
5 ft 10 in | Santiago de los Caballeros | Sur |
| Com. Dom. Miami | Cristal de Moya Vargas | 22 | 173 cm
5 ft 8 in | Miami | Exterior |
| Com. Dom. Nueva Jersey | Sandra Elisabeth Tavares Valle | 18 | 183 cm
6 ft 0 in | Newark | Exterior |
| Com. Dom. Nueva York | Yamilka Massiel Santana Colón | 18 | 174 cm
5 ft 9 in | The Bronx | Exterior |
| Com. Dom. Orlando | Berkelin Rosario Castellanos | 23 | 179 cm
5 ft 10 in | Orlando | Exterior |
| Dajabón | Indhira Díaz Acosta | 20 | 176 cm
5 ft 9 in | Loma de Cabrera | El Cibao |
| Distrito Nacional | Jennifer Pérez de la Cruz | 20 | 179 cm
5 ft 10 in | Santo Domingo | Sur |
| Santiago | Valerie Chardonnens Vargas | 18 | 181 cm
5 ft 11 in | Santiago de los Caballeros | El Cibao |
| La Romana | Tania Yolanda Medina Collado | 24 | 168 cm
5 ft 6 in | La Romana | Sur |
| La Vega | Sarah Cristina Portes Carillo | 22 | 173 cm
5 ft 8 in | Constanza | El Cibao |
| Monte Plata | Zadia Núñez de la Cruz | 25 | 175 cm
5 ft 9 in | Villa Bisonó | Sur |
| Puerto Plata | Ana Carolina Viñas Machado | 21 | 183 cm
6 ft 0 in | Santiago de los Caballeros | El Cibao |
| Santiago | Paola María Torres Cohén | 21 | 173 cm
5 ft 8 in | Santiago de los Caballeros | El Cibao |
| Santo Domingo | Alexandra Díaz Bello | 22 | 178 cm
5 ft 10 in | Santo Domingo | Sur |
| Valverde | Lusverlyn Rafaelina Arias Rodríguez | 19 | 172 cm
5 ft 8 in | Santiago de los Caballeros | El Cibao |

## Trivia

## InfoBox

| Miss Mundo Dominicana 2006 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | July 10, 2006 |
| Venue | Renaissance Auditorio de Festival del Hotel Jaragua, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic |
| Broadcaster | Telemicro Canal 5 |
| Entrants | 16 |
| Debuts | Santo Domingo |
| Winner | Paola María Torres Cohén
Santiago |


title: Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007

abstract: The Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007 pageant was held on July 14, 2007. Only 24 candidates competed for the national crown. The chosen winner represented the Dominican Republic at the Miss World 2007. They selected 2 delegates would be elected from each regions. Then they chose a delegate from each region and would get sashed with the name of the region and automatically would be in the Final 6. The first runner up represented the Dominican Republic in Miss América Latina 2008.

text:
# Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007

The **Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007** pageant was held on July 14, 2007. Only 24 candidates competed for the national crown. The chosen winner represented the Dominican Republic at the Miss World 2007. They selected 2 delegates would be elected from each regions. Then they chose a delegate from each region and would get sashed with the name of the region and automatically would be in the Final 6. The first runner up represented the Dominican Republic in Miss América Latina 2008.

## Results

* Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007 : Ada Aimee de la Cruz González (San Cristóbal)
* 1st Runner Up  : Esther Tejeda (Barahona)
* 2nd Runner Up : Carolyn Aquino (Samaná)
* 3rd Runner Up  : Yisney Lagrange (Santo Domingo)
* 4th Runner Up  : Smaylin Almonte (Santiago)

Top 12

### Special awards

## Miss Dominican Regions

* Miss Region del Cibao Occidental : Smaylin Almonte (Santiago)
* Miss Region del Cibao Oriental : Carolyn Aquino (Samaná)
* Miss Region del El Valle de Enriquillo : Esther Tejeda (Barahona)
* Miss Region del Exterior : Llena Bencosme (Com. Dom. Miami)
* Miss Region del Higüamo : Sally García (El Seibo)
* Miss Region del Ozama : Ada de la Cruz (San Cristóbal)

## Delegates

| Province, Community | Contestant | Age | Height | Hometown | Geographical Regions |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Azua | Niurbi Encarnación Ynoa | 25 | 5 ft 7 in
170 cm | Padre Las Casas | El Valle de Enriquillo |
| Barahona | Esther Tejeda Cardona | 19 | 5 ft 9 in
175 cm | Santa Cruz de Barahona | El Valle de Enriquillo |
| Com. Dom. Lto. America | Lussy Mejía Durán | 17 | 5 ft 9 in
175 cm | Madrid | Exterior |
| Com. Dom. Miami | Llena Bencosme Vargas | 22 | 5 ft 8 in
173 cm | Miami | Exterior |
| Com. Dom. Nueva York | Viviana Batista Holandez | 18 | 5 ft 7 in
170 cm | Long Island | Exterior |
| Com. Dom. Rhode Island | Elizabeth Espinal Heredia | 23 | 5 ft 9 in
175 cm | East Providence | Exterior |
| Distrito Nacional | Lucia Carolina Collado Sánchez | 18 | 6 ft 0 in
183 cm | Vílla Duarte | Ozama |
| El Seibo | Sally García Meran | 19 | 5 ft 8 in
173 cm | Miches | Higüamo |
| Independencia | Alma Ynes Ruiz Hidalgo | 18 | 6 ft 1 in
185 cm | Duvergé | El Valle de Enriquillo |
| La Altagracia | Seily Reyna Then Tavares | 19 | 5 ft 8 in
173 cm | Bávaro | Higüamo |
| La Romana | Elecia Mateo Abreu | 20 | 5 ft 9 in
175 cm | Guaymate | Higüamo |
| Monseñor Nouel | Katherine Ceballos Miros | 21 | 5 ft 10 in
178 cm | Piedra Blanca | Cibao Oriental |
| Pedernales | Susie Germania Alfonseca Matos | 20 | 5 ft 11 in
180 cm | San Miguel de Oviedo | El Valle de Enriquillo |
| Puerto Plata | Carol Fuente | 18 | 6 ft 0 in
183 cm | Imbert | Cibao Occidental |
| Salcedo | Andrea Suarez Lazaro | 19 | 5 ft 11 in
180 cm | Jamao Afuera | Cibao Oriental |
| Samaná | Carolyn Aquino Fantino | 22 | 5 ft 7 in
170 cm | Santa Bárbara de Samaná | Cibao Oriental |
| Sánchez Ramírez | Alejandra Marte Abreu | 26 | 5 ft 8 in
173 cm | Quita Sueño | Cibao Oriental |
| San Cristóbal | Ada Aimee de la Cruz González | 21 | 5 ft 11 in
180 cm | San Cristóbal | Ozama |
| San José de Ocoa | Lila León Zamora | 21 | 5 ft 8 in
173 cm | La Ciénaga | Ozama |
| San Pedro de Macorís | Emma Lazaro Taino | 23 | 5 ft 10 in
178 cm | Consuelo | Higüamo |
| Santiago | Smaylin Almonte Reynosa | 18 | 5 ft 11 in
180 cm | Navarrete | Cibao Occidental |
| Santiago Rodríguez | Arlette Mabel Rodríguez Ruiz | 18 | 6 ft 0 in
183 cm | San Ignacio de Sabaneta | Cibao Occidental |
| Santo Domingo | Yisney Lina Lagrange Méndez | 19 | 5 ft 11 in
180 cm | Pedro Brand | Ozama |
| Valverde | Evelyn Rodríguez Grillo | 18 | 6 ft 0 in
183 cm | Maizal | Cibao Occidental |

## Trivia

## InfoBox

| Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ada de la Cruz in Sanya, China at Miss World 2007 | |
| Date | July 14, 2007 |
| Venue | Salón Principal de Casa de España, Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Republic |
| Broadcaster | Canal 7 |
| Entrants | 24 |
| Winner | Ada Aimee de la Cruz González
San Cristóbal |


title: Mirjana Tabak

abstract: Mirjana Tabak is a Croatian former female professional basketball player.

text:
# Mirjana Tabak

**Mirjana Tabak** (born 14 October 1972) is a Croatian former female professional basketball player.

## InfoBox

Mirjana Tabak
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1972-10-14) 14 October 1972<br>Tomislavgrad, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Listed height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Position | Power forward / small forward |
| Career history | |
| 2005-2008 | Gospić |
|  | |


title: Mississippi River Trail

abstract: The Mississippi River Trail is a designated bicycle and pedestrian trail that traverses the shores of the Mississippi River in the United States. The trail extends from the headwaters at Lake Itasca in Minnesota to near the mouth of the river in Venice, Louisiana. Much of the trail’s 3,000 miles (4,800 km) follows roadways used by motor vehicles, although some of the route is on multi-use trails. The segment in Minnesota has been designated as U.S. Bicycle Route 45, part of the U.S. Bicycle Route System.

text:
# Mississippi River Trail

The **Mississippi River Trail** (abbreviated **MRT**) is a designated bicycle and pedestrian trail that traverses the shores of the Mississippi River in the United States. The trail extends from the headwaters at Lake Itasca in Minnesota to near the mouth of the river in Venice, Louisiana. Much of the trail’s 3,000 miles (4,800 km) follows roadways used by motor vehicles, although some of the route is on multi-use trails. The segment in Minnesota has been designated as **U.S. Bicycle Route 45** (**USBR 45**), part of the U.S. Bicycle Route System.

## Designation and signage

The Mississippi River Trail route marker is based on a 2012 design that the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has allowed several states, including Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee, to use as U.S. Bicycle Route markers. The design features a green background with a white triangle and a bicycle symbol. However, the Mississippi River Trail's marker bears the abbreviation "MRT" in place of a numeric route designation.

The portion of the Mississippi River Trail in Minnesota was designated as U.S. Bicycle Route 45 in 2013. Long-range plans call for the rest of the MRT to be designated as USBR 45, and for the southernmost segment near New Orleans to be concurrently designated as USBR 51.

By the time the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) successfully proposed designating the MRT as USBR 45, planning for the trail was already well underway. Local trail partners did not want to spend additional funds and weaken the MRT brand by installing the USBR signs   a requirement for USBR designation   alongside the MRT signs. MnDOT secured approval from the Federal Highway Administration to display only the MRT shield for the time being.

## Route description

The trail is divided into three sections: Northern, Central, and Southern. In some locations trails are along both sides of the river.

### Northern section

#### Minnesota

The MRT begins at Itasca State Park, near the headwaters of the river. Itasca State Park also contains more than 20 miles (32 km) of paved biking trails. After it leaves the park, the MRT winds north along the river, traversing county roads to the city of Bemidji. Here the main trail connects to a number of city and regional trails. From Bemidji, the MRT heads southeast along the Paul Bunyan Trail, a state-developed rail-trail conversion. This 100-mile-long (160 km) paved trail extends from Bemidji to Brainerd.

From Brainerd, the MRT follows county roads, some with marked bike lanes and some with paved shoulders, through the cities of Little Falls and St. Cloud. South of St. Cloud, the surroundings become more urban as the rider approaches the Twin Cities, Minneapolis and St. Paul. The route through the two cities passes the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area that includes St. Anthony Falls, Minnehaha Falls Regional Park, and Fort Snelling State Park, among other protected areas and parks. In Minneapolis, MRT segments appropriate the established Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway trails and Minnehaha Trail. South of St. Paul, the MRT passes through several smaller cities before reaching Lake Pepin. The route passes through Wabasha and Winona on its way to the Wisconsin state line.

#### Wisconsin

The Wisconsin section of the MRT begins at Prescott and continues along the eastern side of the river all the way to Illinois. The section north of Prairie du Chien primarily follows the Great River Road, while the section south follows various state and county highways. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation has prepared an online publication, *The Great River Road Mississippi River Trail Bicycle Map: A Guide for Cycling Along Wisconsin's Great River*, which offers a detailed section by section guide of the Wisconsin route complete with road maps, services, campgrounds and route descriptions.

#### Iowa

### Central

#### Illinois

#### Missouri

#### Kentucky

### Southern

#### Tennessee

The trail enters Obion County from Kentucky along State Route 157 (SR 157) and then turns right onto SR 22 traveling southwesterly. The trail goes along the eastern boundary of Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge. Near Samburg, the trail turns right onto SR 21 and follows the south shore of Reelfoot Lake. It also passes near Reelfoot Lake State Park.

The trail enters into Lake County and turns left onto Bluebank Road, right onto Wynnburg–Keefe Road, left onto Madie Church to Keefe Road, right onto Madie Thompson Road, left onto Madie Road, and right onto Gratio Road, entering the town of Ridgely, Tennessee. Through Ridgely, the trail travels along Poplar Street, Main Street, and Depot Street (Levee Road). From here, the trail travels along SR 181, also known as Great River Road.

The trail enters Dyer County and crosses over Interstate 155 (I-155). It continues south on SR 181 for several miles until it crosses over the Forked Deer River and into Lauderdale County, Tennessee. From here, the trail continues east on SR 88 and turns right onto Porter's Gap Road. Then the trail turns right onto Edith–Nankipoo Road and right onto Hobe Webb Road, traveling near the Chickasaw National Wildlife Refuge. The trail turns left onto Chisholm Lake Road, right onto Craig School Road (turning into Turkey Hill Road), and then left onto SR 19. Then the trail turns right onto Lightfoot Luckett Road then right onto SR 87, then left onto SR 371. The trail turns right onto Cooper Creek Road and then right onto U.S. Route 51 (US 51), crossing into Tipton County over the Hatchie River.

Continuing south along US 51, the trail turns right onto Leigh's Chapel Road, left onto Flat Iron Road (turning into Simmons Street), right onto Murphy Avenue (turning into Bride Road), left onto Garland Drive, and right onto Garland Detroit Road (turning into Detroit Road, then Jamestown Road, then Randolph Road), following the top ridge of the 2nd Chickasaw Bluff. Passing through the town of Randolph, Tennessee, the trail turns right onto Needham Road and right onto SR 59. The trail then turns south onto Richardson Landing road, turns right onto Pryor Road (turning into Bluff Road), and makes a left in order to stay on Bluff Road. The trail turns right onto Quito–Drummonds Road and right onto Ray Bluff Road, entering Shelby County.

The trail continues south along Ray Bluff Road (turning into New Bethel Road), right onto Bass Road, right again onto New Bethel Road, right onto West Union Road, right onto Herring Hill Road, and straight onto Riverbluff Road (turning into Bluff Road). The trail travels along the ridge of the 3rd Chickasaw Bluff and passes through Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park. In the community of Shelby Forest, Tennessee, the trail turns right onto Benjestown Road, right onto Island Forty Road (turning into Ramsey Road), and right back onto Benjestown Road. Then the trail turns left onto South Circle Road (turning into East Circle Road), right onto Northaven Drive, and right onto SR 388 (North Watkins Street), passing through the Northaven area and crossing over the Loosahatchie River into the Frayser community of Memphis.

Once in Memphis, the route turns right onto Millington Road, right onto Carrolton Road, left onto Benjestown Road, and right onto Whitney Avenue, passing by General DeWitt Spain Airport and over the Wolf River. The trail turns south onto North Mud Island Road (turning into Island Drive) and passes through the Harbortown neighborhood. Then the trail turns left onto A.W. Willis Avenue over Wolf River Harbor, right onto Front Street (passing next to the Pyramid Arena), passes under I-40 and the Hernando De Soto Bridge, turns right onto Jefferson Avenue, and left onto Riverside Drive, entering Downtown Memphis. From here, the trail continues south on Riverside Drive, passing by Mud Island, the MATA Trolley riverfront loop, and the South Bluffs neighborhood. The trail goes along the paths in Tom Lee Park and the Riverwalk Trail system in Downtown Memphis.

After this, the official trail is unclear. According to the MRT website, the trail travels under the Harahan Bridge and the Frisco Bridge, up the side of the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, and onto a sidewalk on the Memphis-Arkansas Bridge. A route following the South side of the Memphis-Arkansas bridge from E.H. Crump park has been documented. Construction has been completed on a multi-use trail for pedestrians and cyclists along the north side of the Harahan bridge.

#### Arkansas

#### Mississippi

#### Louisiana

## InfoBox

| Mississippi River Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| The Mississippi River Trail in Algiers Point, Louisiana, with a view of the Mississippi River, French Quarter, New Orleans skyline. | |
| Length | 3,000 miles (4,800 km) |
| Location | Several U.S. states |
| Designation | <br>* U.S. Bicycle Route 45 * Mississippi River Trail |
| Trailheads |  |
| Surface | Paved |


title: USS Virginian (ID-3920)

abstract: USS Virginian (ID-3920) was a United States Navy troop transport in commission in 1919.

text:
# USS Virginian (ID-3920)

**USS *Virginian* (ID-3920)** was a United States Navy troop transport in commission in 1919.

## Construction, early career, acquisition, and commissioning

*Virginian* was built in 1903 as the commercial cargo ship SS *Maine* at Sparrows Point, Maryland, by the Maryland Steel Company for the Atlantic Transportation Company. The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company of New York City purchased her in 1908 and renamed her SS *Virginian*. Her home port was New York City. The U.S. Navy acquired her early in 1919 for service as a troop transport, assigned her the naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 3920, and commissioned her on 1 February 1919 at Hoboken, New Jersey, as USS *Virginian*.

## United States Navy service

Soon after commissioning, *Virginian* shifted to Fletcher's Dry Dock Company at Hoboken for repairs and conversion into a troop transport. She remained at Fletcher's shipyard through the end of February 1919.

Assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force, *Virginian* got underway on 11 March 1919 anchored in New York Harbor abreast the Statue of Liberty. She then moved to Pier 7, Bush Terminal, at Brooklyn, New York, where she took on board cargo -- billet steel, oats, and potatoes—and provisions for her crew. Repairs and alterations necessary to complete her conversion into a troop ship continued apace until she backed clear of her berth at 17:13 hours on 21 March 1919, with orders to proceed independently to France.

*Virginian* dropped anchor off Charpentier Point, near St. Nazaire, France, on 3 April 1919, and shifted to St. Nazaire on 4 April 1919. She unloaded her cargo there for the next two days before she began embarking United States Army troops returning home after their World War I service in Europe for transport to the United States. Her passengers included 74 officers and 4,097 enlisted men, from units that ranged from the 362d Infantry Machine Gun Company to the 127th Convalescent Detachment. She got underway at 07:40 hours on 8 April 1919 to return to the United States.

Arriving at the north side of Army Dock Number 7, Hoboken, on the morning of 20 April 1919, *Virginian* discharged the troops before shifting to the Morse Dry Dock Company at Brooklyn for repairs to her propellers. She shifted back to the Army dock at Hoboken on 27 April 1919, then got underway for Europe on 30 April 1919 to pick up more returning "doughboys" for passage to the United States.

*Virginian* reached St. Nazaire on the afternoon of 11 May 1919, took on board 56 officers and 4,069 men, and departed on 13 May 1919 bound for Hampton Roads, Virginia. After a 12-day passage, she moored at the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway docks at Newport News, Virginia, on the afternoon of 25 May 1919 and had all of the troops disembarked within an hour.

After a brief period of upkeep and repairs at the Norfolk Navy Yard at Portsmouth, Virginia, *Virginian* again departed for France on 1 June 1919. She returned to Hampton Roads carrying returning American servicemen on 25 June 1919.

*Virginian* departed Hampton Roads on her fourth voyage to pick up troops in France on 1 July 1919. On 3 August 1919, she completed this voyage, arriving at Hoboken. She had discharged the last troops by 09:45 hours on 4 August 1919.

*Virginian* then began her conversion back into a cargo ship and other preparations for demobilization. After the last troops had disembarked, shipyard workmen and the ship's crew bent to the task of taking down troop fittings, performing routine maintenance tasks, discharging ballasts, cleaning holds, and inventorying equipment. At 16:00 hours on 19 August 1919, she was decommissioned and formally turned over to a representative of the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, Captain John S. Greene, who as Lieutenant Commander Green had served as USS *Virginian*'s first commanding officer.

## World War II and later career

The ship then resumed her mercantile service as cargo ship SS *Virginian* with the American-Hawaiian Shipping Company. She served that firm, home-ported at New York City, until 1947, when she was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission and laid up. For World War II she was converted to a livestock ship by the War Shipping Administration. She moved horses mules and sometimes sheep. She had the greatest ship livestock capacity, with 679 stalls. One of her trips was a 28-day shipment of 640 former Australian Army animals to Calcutta, India. She was crossing the Atlantic on her return to Baltimore when she learned of the surrender of the Japanese in WWII.

After the war she steamed out of the Baltimore area in June 1945 en route to Italy as one of the first vessels to assist in Heifers for Relief, the precursor to Heifer International as a Seagoing cowboys ship. She made six trips with the Seagoing cowboys to Greece, Poland and Czechoslovakia.

She was sold for scrapping in April 1948.

## InfoBox

| SS *Virginian* in San Francisco Bay sometime between 1908 and 1917. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Virginian* |
| Namesake | Previous name retained |
| Builder | Maryland Steel Company, Sparrows Point, Maryland |
| Launched | 11 February 1903 |
| Completed | 1903 |
| Acquired | Early 1919 |
| Commissioned | 1 February 1919 |
| Decommissioned | 19 August 1919 |
| Fate | Returned to owner 19 August 1919 |
| Notes | * In commercial service as SS *Maine* 1903-1908 and as SS *Virginian* 1908-1919 and 1919-1947 * Transferred to United States Maritime Commission 1947 * Sold for scrapping April 1948 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Troop transport |
| Tonnage | 7,914 Gross register tons |
| Length | 492 ft 0 in (149.96 m) |
| Beam | 58 ft 3 in (17.75 m) |
| Draft | 31 ft 9 in (9.68 m) |
| Propulsion | Steam engines, two shafts |
| Troops | 4,771 |
| Complement | 106 |
| Armament | None |


title: USS Virginia (SP-1965)

abstract: USS Virginia (SP-1965) was a two-masted, auxiliary schooner in the United States Navy. Virginia, built in 1902 by F. W. McCullough at Norfolk, Virginia, was acquired by the US Navy on Christmas Eve of 1917 under free lease from W. M. Holland of Norfolk. In Navy records, she does not appear as an active unit until July 1918 when she was listed in the Navy Directory as a unit of the 5th Naval District section patrol force — probably operating in and around Norfolk. Initially, she retained the name Virginia semi-officially and was so listed in several editions of the 1918 Navy Directory. However, after December 1918, she was carried on all Navy records as USS SP-1965, but frequently with a parenthetical Virginia added after the official designation. The schooner served the Navy until 3 January 1919 when her name was struck from the Navy List, and she was returned to her owner.

text:
# USS Virginia (SP-1965)

**USS *Virginia* (SP-1965)** was a two-masted, auxiliary schooner in the United States Navy.

*Virginia*, built in 1902 by F. W. McCullough at Norfolk, Virginia, was acquired by the US Navy on Christmas Eve of 1917 under free lease from W. M. Holland of Norfolk.

In Navy records, she does not appear as an active unit until July 1918 when she was listed in the Navy Directory as a unit of the 5th Naval District section patrol force — probably operating in and around Norfolk. Initially, she retained the name *Virginia* semi-officially and was so listed in several editions of the 1918 Navy Directory. However, after December 1918, she was carried on all Navy records as **USS *SP-1965***, but frequently with a parenthetical *Virginia* added after the official designation. The schooner served the Navy until 3 January 1919 when her name was struck from the Navy List, and she was returned to her owner.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Virginia* |
| Builder | F. W. McCullough, Norfolk, Virginia |
| Laid down | 1902 |
| Acquired | by lease, 24 December 1917 |
| Commissioned | 24 December 1917 |
| Decommissioned | 3 January 1919 |
| Stricken | 3 January 1919 |
| Fate | Returned to original owner, 1919 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Schooner |
| Displacement | 35 long tons (36 t) |
| Length | 61 ft (19 m) |
| Beam | 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m) |
| Draft | 5 ft (1.5 m) |
| Speed | 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) |
| Complement | 8 |