title: Westmead Hospital

abstract: Westmead Hospital is a major teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Opened on 10 November 1978, the 975-bed hospital forms part of the Western Sydney Local Health District, and is a teaching hospital of Sydney Medical School at the University of Sydney. The hospital serves a population of 1.85 million people and is located on one of the largest health and hospital campuses in Australia. In 2016/17, Westmead Hospital provided more than 1.5m occasions of care to outpatients, in addition to approximately 107,000 inpatients. Annually, there are over 21,000 medical operations, almost 5,800 births, and more than 75,000 presentations to emergency department. Westmead Hospital is located on the junction of Darcy and Hawkesbury Roads in Westmead and provides a full range of tertiary medical and dental services except for paediatrics which is serviced by the adjacent Children's Hospital at Westmead, relocated from Camperdown to Westmead in 1995. The Hospital includes a large Dental Clinical School and extensive clinical pathology and medical research facilities. From 1995 to 2017 the statewide NETS (NSW), the Newborn and paediatric Emergency Transport Service was hosted at Westmead Hospital, prior to moving to make way for a new acute services block for the hospital. Located nearby are the Cumberland Hospital and Westmead Private Hospital, a division of Ramsay Health Care.

text:
# Westmead Hospital

**Westmead Hospital** is a major teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Opened on 10 November 1978, the 975-bed hospital forms part of the Western Sydney Local Health District, and is a teaching hospital of Sydney Medical School at the University of Sydney.

The hospital serves a population of 1.85 million people and is located on one of the largest health and hospital campuses in Australia. In 2016/17, Westmead Hospital provided more than 1.5m occasions of care to outpatients, in addition to approximately 107,000 inpatients. Annually, there are over 21,000 medical operations, almost 5,800 births, and more than 75,000 presentations to emergency department.

Westmead Hospital is located on the junction of Darcy and Hawkesbury Roads in Westmead and provides a full range of tertiary medical and dental services except for paediatrics which is serviced by the adjacent Children's Hospital at Westmead, relocated from Camperdown to Westmead in 1995. The Hospital includes a large Dental Clinical School and extensive clinical pathology and medical research facilities. From 1995 to 2017 the statewide NETS (NSW), the Newborn and paediatric Emergency Transport Service was hosted at Westmead Hospital, prior to moving to make way for a new acute services block for the hospital.

Located nearby are the Cumberland Hospital (providing outpatient and inpatient psychiatric care) and Westmead Private Hospital, a division of Ramsay Health Care.

## History

### Parramatta

The history of health service in western Sydney began with a tent hospital established in Parramatta to meet the medical needs of convicts, military personnel, and early settlers in 1789. The hospital at Parramatta saw many changes over the years, firstly in 1818, it was known as the Colonial Hospital and later, in 1897, the hospital was expanded and became known as the Parramatta District Hospital.

As population expanded in Sydney's west, the services provided at Parramatta became inadequate to meet demand. The hospital was the first major tertiary referral health centre in outer Sydney. Prior to its existence, referral health services were provided in inner-city centres such as the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Hospital, Royal North Shore Hospital and St Vincent's Hospital.

The Westmead Hospital, initially known as the Westmead Centre, was established on 10 November 1978 (opened by Premier Neville Wran with former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam as guest of honour), changing the role of Parramatta Hospital.

Acute services were relocated to Westmead Hospital with the Parramatta building continuing to function as the rehabilitation arm of Westmead Hospital. In 1991, all services moved out of the old Parramatta Hospital and in 1995 the building was decommissioned and redeveloped into the Parramatta Justice Precinct. Parramatta Community Health Centre, located in Jeffery House, still operates on part of the original site.

### Area Health Services

Westmead Hospital, together with the Parramatta Hospital, was initially governed by a local hospital Board. When local boards were restructured into Area Health Services by the Government of New South Wales, Westmead Hospital became part of the Western Sydney Area Health Service, together with Westmead Dental Hospital, Cumberland Hospital (mental health services), district hospitals at Blacktown, Auburn and Mount Druitt. In 2005, the boundaries of the Area Health Services were changed, and, up until 31 December 2010, Westmead Hospital was one of two tertiary teaching hospitals (together with Nepean Hospital in Penrith), part of the Sydney West Area Health Service.

### Local Hospital District

Following the formation of Local Health Networks on 1 January 2011, Westmead Hospital became part of the Western Sydney Local Health District, together with Westmead Dental Hospital, and district hospitals at Blacktown, Auburn and Mount Druitt.

### Major refurbishments

In 2004, a contract worth in excess of A$142 million for refurbishment and development of new facilities at Westmead Hospital was awarded to Thiess. As works were nearly completion in July 2007, NSW Minister for Health, Reba Meagher together with NSW Member for Parramatta Tanya Gadiel inspected the new Women's Health and Newborn Care Centre that provides a new birthing unit, special care nursery and neonatal intensive care unit, 41 bed maternity ward, antenatal and gynaecology inpatient wards and ambulatory care clinics in the one location. It is expected that by 2011, more than 5,000 babies will be born at Westmead Hospital each year.

Refurbishment of cancer wards at Westmead Hospital occurred at around the same time; based on the US-style comprehensive cancer centre model. In 2011, the facilities were renamed as the Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead. Inspecting the facilities during 2007, Ms Meagher stated:

*This means that patient care at every level will be organised to ensure smooth transition between hospital inpatient services, community treatment or palliative care as people's care needs change. The co-location of a range of speciality cancer services means patients will be able to receive diagnoses and a range of treatments and rehabilitation without the need to make separate trips.*

Other facilities to be refurbished under the Theiss contract included facilities for intensive care and renal treatments.

In March 2012, a food-court style emporium was opened on the ground level precinct introducing a wide variety of cuisines to the standard hospital fare, including a sweets and desserts cafe, kebabs, pizza, fresh salads and sandwich bar, gelato station, and various selections of hot foods. A number of retail stores including a hair and beauty salon, phones outlet, pharmacy and convenience store is also under development.

## Services

As well as General Wards, there are a range of high dependency wards at Westmead Hospital including a Coronary Care Unit, an Intensive Care Unit, a Special Care Nursery, High Dependency Wards, and a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. For a full list of service, refer to the table in links below.

Westmead Emergency Department is one of the busiest in Australia seeing over 52,000 adult patients annually. It is supported by tertiary specialist services including 24 hours and 7 days a week interventional cardiology, trauma services, cardiothoracic surgery, neurosurgery and toxicology.

Westmead Medical Research Foundation provides fundraising support and community advocacy for medical research and patient care at Westmead.

Westmead Hospital is the base for the New South Wales helicopter operations of CareFlight air ambulance service. Its aircraft and trained medical and operational crews respond to emergencies threatening the life, health and safety of people caused through medical emergency, illness, natural disaster, accidents or mishap. Within Westmead Hospital exists the Trauma Service, which provides research and education of injury prevention, and death statistics.

| Acute Intervention Medicine | Aged Care, Neurology and Rehabilitation | Allied Health | Anaesthetics | Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit | Cardiac Services | Chronic and Continuing Care | Community Education | Community Health Services |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dermatology | Diabetes and Endocrinology | Division of Imaging | Emergency Services | Endocrinology | General surgery | Intensive Care Unit | Library, Westmead Hospital | Mental Health |
| Neurology | Nuclear medicine & Ultrasound | Nursing | Ophthalmology | Oral Health, Dentistry | Pathology Services | Patient Education | Plastic surgery | Primary Care |
| Public Health and Community Medicine | Radiology | Rehabilitation Medicine | Renal and Transplant Surgery | Resident Support Unit | Respiratory Medicine | Rheumatology | Sexual Health | Women's Health |
|

## Teaching and research

Since its establishment in 1978, the Westmead Clinical School of Sydney University at Westmead Hospital has been a place of innovation and growth. The Faculty of Medicine is Australia's oldest and largest medical faculty (established as Sydney Medical School in 1856) undertaking teaching and research in health and medicine of international standing. As part of the Western Clinical School, teaching facilities at Westmead form an integral part of education as the largest of the University's centres of clinical care in Sydney. The University supported the establishment of research clinicians in all key staff specialist postings at the hospital in 1978.

The Hospital accepted its first dental patients in 1980. The Westmead Hospital Dental Clinical School (now the Westmead Centre for Oral Health) has become a major facility for the Faculty of Dentistry for both undergraduate and postgraduate education and training.

Medical research has been taking place at Westmead Hospital since the early 1980s. In 1996, medical research facilities were consolidated through the establishment of the Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research (WMI). Initially with just 60 scientists and doctors, the Institute now has over 450 medical research scientists.

## InfoBox

| Westmead Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Western Sydney Local Health District | |
|  | |
| Westmead Hospital | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Cnr Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Road, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°48′16″S 150°59′19″E / 33.8045°S 150.9886°E / -33.8045; 150.9886 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Medicare (Australia) |
| Funding | Public hospital |
| Type | District General
Teaching |
| Affiliated university | University of Sydney |
| Network | NSW Health |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Yes
Major Trauma Centre |
| Beds | 958 |
| Helipads | |
| Helipad | ICAO: **YWST and YXWS** |
| Number Length Surface  ft m  1   concrete  2   concrete | |
| History | |
| Opened | 1978 (1978) |
| Links | |
| Website | Westmead Hospital |
| Lists | Hospitals in Australia |


title: Ortholepis vacciniella

abstract: Ortholepis vacciniella is a species of snout moth described by Friederike Lienig and Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1847. It is found in Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic region, Russia and Fennoscandia. The wingspan is 12–18 mm. The larvae feed on Vaccinium and dwarf birch.

text:
# Ortholepis vacciniella

***Ortholepis vacciniella*** is a species of snout moth described by Friederike Lienig and Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1847. It is found in Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic region, Russia and Fennoscandia.

The wingspan is 12–18 mm.

The larvae feed on *Vaccinium* and dwarf birch (*Betula nana*).

## InfoBox

| *Ortholepis vacciniella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Ortholepis* |
| Species: | ***O. vacciniella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ortholepis vacciniella***<br>(Lienig & Zeller, 1847) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Epischnia vacciniella* Lienig & Zeller, 1847 | |


title: Jacksonburg, Kansas

abstract: Jacksonburg is a ghost town in Smith County, Kansas, United States.

text:
# Jacksonburg, Kansas

**Jacksonburg** is a ghost town in Smith County, Kansas, United States.

## History

Jacksonburg was issued a post office in 1884. The post office was discontinued in 1899.

## InfoBox

| Jacksonburg, Kansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| JacksonburgLocation within the state of KansasJacksonburgJacksonburg (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 39°54′30″N 98°53′46″W / 39.90833°N 98.89611°W / 39.90833; -98.89611 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Smith |
| Elevation | 1,827 ft (557 m) |
| Population | |
| Total | 0 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 785 |
| GNIS ID | 481911 |


title: V Sport Football

abstract:
V Sport Football is a Swedish television channel dedicated to football.
The channel was launched on October 17, 2008, and became the primary home to most of Viasat's football broadcasts, which at the time included UEFA Champions League, the FA Cup, Ligue 1 and Premier League. The channel replaced the Pan-Nordic channel Viasat Sport 2 in Sweden. The launch meant that the most prestigious of the Champions League matches that had previously been broadcast on TV6 were moved to Viasat Fotboll. In 2020, the channel has been renamed from Viasat Fotboll to V Sport Football.

text:
# V Sport Football

**V Sport Football** is a Swedish television channel dedicated to football. The channel was launched on October 17, 2008, and became the primary home to most of Viasat's football broadcasts, which at the time included *UEFA Champions League*, the *FA Cup*, *Ligue 1* and *Premier League*.

The channel replaced the Pan-Nordic channel Viasat Sport 2 in Sweden. The launch meant that the most prestigious of the Champions League matches that had previously been broadcast on TV6 were moved to Viasat Fotboll. In 2020, the channel has been renamed from Viasat Fotboll to V Sport Football.

1. "MTG: NEW SPORTS CHANNEL LINE-UP IN SWEDEN AND NORWAY" (Press release). Modern Times Group. October 6, 2008.

## InfoBox

V Sport Football
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Sweden |
| Broadcast area | Sweden
Finland |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Swedish
Finnish
English |
| Picture format | 16:9 (576i, SDTV), HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Viaplay Group |
| History | |
| Launched | October 17, 2008 |
| Replaced | Viasat Sport 2 |
| Former names | Viasat Fotboll (2008–2020) |


title: No. 114 Squadron RAF

abstract: No. 114 Squadron was a squadron of the British Royal Air Force. It was first formed in India during the First World War, serving as a light bomber squadron during the Second World War and as a transport squadron post-war. It was last disbanded in 1971.

text:
# No. 114 Squadron RAF

**No. 114 Squadron** was a squadron of the British Royal Air Force. It was first formed in India during the First World War, serving as a light bomber squadron during the Second World War and as a transport squadron post-war. It was last disbanded in 1971.

## History

### Formation and World War I

No. 114 Squadron Royal Flying Corps was formed at Lahore, India in September 1917, by splitting off part of No. 31 Squadron, becoming part of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918. Equipped with the B.E.2, the squadron carried out patrol operations over the North-West Frontier, flying from Quetta, with a detachment at RAF Khormaksar, Aden. The squadron partly re-equipped with Bristol Fighters in October 1919, but was disbanded on 1 April 1920, by renumbering the squadron to No. 28 Squadron.

### Reformation and World War II

The squadron reformed on 1 December 1936 at RAF Wyton, initially equipped with Hawker Hind single-engined biplane light bombers. It joined No. 2 Group of RAF Bomber Command on 1 March 1937, receiving more modern Bristol Blenheim I twin-engined monoplanes later that month, being the first RAF squadron to operate the Blenheim, while briefly operated a few Hawker Audaxes as trainers while converting to the Blenheim. The squadron received improved Blenheim IVs from April 1939, carrying out long-range navigation flights over France in July and participating in the annual home defence exercise in August 1939.

The squadron flew its first operations of the Second World War on 13 October 1939, when two aircraft, operating as a detachment from France, carried out reconnaissance flights over the Ruhr, one of the two Blenheims not returning. The squadron was allocated to join the Advanced Air Striking Force (AASF), moving to France in December 1939. On 10 May 1940, Germany invaded Belgium and the Netherlands, and on the next day, a German air attack against 114 Squadron's airfield at Vraux destroyed six of the squadron's Blenheims, with the rest of aircraft being damaged. Although the squadron did fly a few bombing missions against the German advance, its losses meant it was soon evacuated back to the UK, with its remaining Blenheims (along with those of 139 Squadron) being used to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force Air Component's reconnaissance squadrons.

The squadron rejoined 2 Group on 10 June 1940, attacking concentrations of barges in the German-held channel ports and Luftwaffe airfields by night. In March 1941, the squadron was loaned to RAF Coastal Command for convoy escort duties and patrols over the North Sea from RAF Thornaby in Yorkshire and RAF Leuchars in Fife, Scotland, returning to Bomber Command control at RAF West Raynham in July 1941. On 12 August 1941, the squadron took part in a large-scale low-level attack by 2 Group Blenheims against two power stations at Knapsack and Quadrath near Cologne. 114 Squadron contributed 12 Blenheims against the Knapsack power station, losing one aircraft to anti-aircraft fire; 12 Blenheims were lost of the 54 sent on the raid. As well as daylight operations, the squadron also took part in night intruder and bombing operations. On 11 February 1942, the German battleships *Scharnhorst*, *Gneisenau* and the heavy cruiser *Prinz Eugen* broke out from Brest, France, heading up the English Channel to return to Germany. The German force was only spotted by the British when it was near Dover, prompting attempts by British sea and air forces to sink the German ships. Nine of 114 Squadron's Blenheims formed part of the 242 aircraft of Bomber Command launched against the German force. While three of the squadron's aircraft sighted the German battleships and attacked, like the rest of the bombs and torpedoes expended against the German ships, missed, although both battleships were damaged by previously-laid mines. The squadron continued on night attacks through March and April 1942, and on the night of 30/31 May, flew attacks against German night-fighter bases in support of Operation Millennium, the RAF's "1000 bomber" raid against Cologne. In August 1942, the squadron withdrew from its night intruder duties to convert to the newer Blenheim Mark V bomber (also known as the Bisley) in preparation for deployment in support of Operation Torch, the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa.

The squadron, part of 326 Wing, moved to Blida in Algeria in November 1942, with the role of supporting the British First Army. The Bisley, however, had poor performance and was vulnerable to fighter attack, and the squadron was therefore largely confined to night bombing. Bisley losses continued to be high, and in January 1943 the squadron relinquished its Bisleys to 614 Squadron, and waited for new aircraft, receiving more Bisleys in February and returning to operations. In March the squadron finally received more modern equipment, replacing its Bisleys with Douglas Boston light bombers, returning to operation with its new aircraft on 21 April.

The squadron then operated from Sicily and Italy, having been re-equipped with Douglas Boston aircraft, which it retained until the end of the war when they were replaced with the De Havilland Mosquito.

### Post War

The squadron reformed in Egypt in 1947, and was located at RAF Kabrit. It was equipped with Dakota transport aircraft. It then operated Vickers Valettas and De Havilland Chipmunks. The squadron's final equipment was the Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy tactical transport aircraft, which was flown from their RAF Benson base from 1962 until 1971, when the squadron was finally disbanded.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 114 Squadron RAF
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sep 1917 | Oct 1919 | B.E.2 |  |
| Oct 1919 | Apr 1920 | Bristol F2 | b |
| Sep 1936 | Feb 1937 | Hawker Hind | Mk.I |
| Mar 1937 | May 1939 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.I |
| May 1939 | Mar 1943 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.IV |
| Apr 1943 | Sep 1945 | Douglas Boston |  |
| Sep 1945 | Sep 1946 | De Havilland Mosquito |  |
| Apr 1947 | Aug 1949 | Douglas DC3 | Dakota |
| Apr 1947 | Dec 1957 | Vickers Valetta | C1 |
| Dec 1958 | Mar 1959 | De Havilland Chipmunk | T10 |
| May 1959 | Sep 1961 | Handley Page Hastings |  |
| Oct 1961 | Oct 1971 | Armstrong Whitworth Argosy |  |

### Bibliography

* Bowyer, Michael J. F. (1974). *2 Group R.A.F.: A Complete History 1936–1945*. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-09491-2.
* Ellis, L. F. (1954). "Advance Into Belgium". *The War in France and Flanders 1939-1940*. History of the Second World War. London: HMSO.
* Halley, J. J. (1988). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918-1988*. Air-Britain (Historians) Limited. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Mason, Francis K. (1994). *The British Bomber since 1914*. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0-85177-861-5..
* Moyes, Philip J. R. (1964). *Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald & Co.
* Pine, L. G. (1983). *A dictionary of mottoes* (First ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
* Rawlings, John D. R. (1982). *Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Jane's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7106-0187-5..
* Richards, Denis (1953). *Royal Air Force 1939–1945: Volume I The Fight at Odds*. History of the Second World War. London: HMSO.
* Richards, Denis (1994). *The Hardest Victory: RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War*. London: Coronet Books. ISBN 0-340-61720-9.
* Richards, Denis; Saunders, Hilary St. G. (1954). *Royal Air Force 1939–1945: Volume II The Fight Avails*. History of the Second World War. London: HMSO.
* Shores, Christopher; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell; Olynyk, Frank; Bock, Winfried (2016). *A History of the Mediterranean Air War 1940–1945: Volume Three: Tunisia and the End in Africa: November 1942 – May 1943*. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-910690-00-0.
* Shores, Christopher; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell; Olynyk, Frank; Bock, Winfried; Thomas, Andy (2018). *A History of the Mediterranean Air War 1940–1945: Volume Four: Sicily and Italy to the Fall of Rome: 14 May, 1943 – 5 June, 1944*. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-911621-10-2.

## InfoBox

| No. 114 (Hong Kong) Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 27 Sep 1917 - 1 Apr 1920
1 Dec 1936 – 1 Sep 1946
1 Aug 1947 – 31 Dec 1957
5 May 1959 – 29 Sep 1961
30 Sep 1961 – 31 Oct 1971 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Nickname(s) | Hong Kong |
| Motto(s) | "With speed I strike" |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Heraldry | A Cobra head |
| Squadron Codes | **114** (Mar 1937 - Apr 1939)
**FD** (Apr 1939 - Sep 1939)
**RT** Sep 1939 - Sep 1946) |


title: Arnulphe d'Aumont

abstract: Arnulphe d'Aumont was a French medical doctor. His name is also spelled Daumont. He was born in Grenoble and died in Valence. After receiving his doctorate in 1744, he became royal professor at the University of Valence in Dauphiné. In 1744 he published Relation des fêtes publiques données par l'université de Montpellier, à l'occasion du rétablissement de la santé du roi, procuré par trois médecins de cette école. In 1762 he published Mémoire sur une nouvelle manière d'administrer le mercure dans les maladies vénériennes et autres. His method was to use glazed animal milk. He wrote the article "Enfance" in the Encyclopédie.

text:
# Arnulphe d'Aumont

**Arnulphe d'Aumont** (27 December 1720 – 8 August 1800) was a French medical doctor. His name is also spelled Daumont. He was born in Grenoble and died in Valence.

After receiving his doctorate in 1744, he became royal professor at the University of Valence in Dauphiné. In 1744 he published *Relation des fêtes publiques données par l'université de Montpellier, à l'occasion du rétablissement de la santé du roi, procuré par trois médecins de cette école*.

In 1762 he published *Mémoire sur une nouvelle manière d'administrer le mercure dans les maladies vénériennes et autres.* (Memoir on a new manner to administer mercury for venereal and other diseases) His method was to use glazed animal milk.

He wrote the article "Enfance" in the *Encyclopédie*.

## InfoBox

| Arnulphe d'Aumont | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 27 December 1720
Grenoble |
| Died | 8 August 1800 (1800-08-09) (aged 79)
Valence |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation(s) | Medicak doctor, writer |
| Known for | Encyclopédie |


title: Tipperary Park

abstract: Tipperary Park is a community park located in the Downtown neighbourhood of New Westminster, just Northeast of New Westminster City Hall. The park technically only includes the grounds Northeast of 4th Street, however, the park's name is often used to refer to the adjacent Friendship Gardens and the front lawn of the City Hall. The park itself is lightly treed and has several paved pathways for cyclists and pedestrians. The nearby Friendship Gardens is renowned for its water features including several artificial waterfalls, stepping-stone paths, a duck pond, and a footbridge painted red and black.

text:
# Tipperary Park

**Tipperary Park** is a community park located in the Downtown neighbourhood of New Westminster, just Northeast of New Westminster City Hall. The park technically only includes the grounds Northeast of 4th Street, however, the park's name is often used to refer to the adjacent **Friendship Gardens** and the front lawn of the City Hall. The park itself is lightly treed and has several paved pathways for cyclists and pedestrians. The nearby Friendship Gardens is renowned for its water features including several artificial waterfalls, stepping-stone paths, a duck pond, and a footbridge painted red and black (culturally important colours in New Westminster as they were worn by the Royal Engineers).

## History

The land currently occupied by the park was initially designated by Colonel Moody as the location for British Columbia's government buildings. Unfortunately for Moody and the rest of the city, the unification of the Mainland Colony of British Columbia and the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1866 led to Victoria being awarded the capital, leaving the lands of Tipperary Park with no inherent purpose. The land became known as Tipperary Park due to the presence of worker camps, which were formed by street construction workers and their families in 1889. The Daily Columbian, a New Westminster newspaper, published a story about the camps, comparing them to worker and squatter settlements in County Tipperary, Ireland, causing residents of the city to call the area "New Tipperary." The land was eventually used by the New Westminster Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club who set up a sporting facility in 1901 with permission from the provincial government. In 1908, the land which was still under provincial jurisdiction, was transferred to the City of New Westminster, and was subsequently established as a municipal park.

## Amenities

Tipperary Park is still the home of the New Westminster Tennis Club, who moved to the park grounds in 1901. The park is also just across the street from Irving House, a heritage home which was converted into a museum about the history of the Irving family and New Westminster in general. Tipperary Park is also the location of the New West Farmers Market, which operates in the spring and summer, where vendors from across the Lower Mainland come to distribute their food products. Friendship Gardens is also a popular spot for photography in the city (especially in the spring), and is frequently visited by couples for wedding photoshoots.

## InfoBox

| Tipperary Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Community park |
| Location | New Westminster, BC, Canada |
| Coordinates | 49°12′30″N 122°54′31″W / 49.208206°N 122.908575°W / 49.208206; -122.908575 |
| Area | 6.38 acres |
| Elevation | ~75m |
| Established | 1908 (1908) |
| Etymology | The "Westminster Tipperary" (*The Daily Columbian*. 1889) |
| Owned by | City of New Westminster |
| Managed by | New Westminster Parks & Recreation |


title: Harris Academy Ockendon

abstract: Harris Academy Ockendon is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in South Ockendon in the Thurrock area of Essex, England.

text:
# Harris Academy Ockendon

**Harris Academy Ockendon** (formerly The Ockendon Academy, originally Lennard's Secondary Modern School) is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in South Ockendon in the Thurrock area of Essex, England.

## Description

The Ockendon Academy was a popular 11 to 18 medium-sized comprehensive school that was strong on pastoral care, with well behaved pupils and a good sixth form programme. Elsewhere it was struggling and an Ofsted inspection in 2018 deemed that it was overall inadequate. It had converted to academy status in 2012, and now needed to 'refactor' to become part of a multi-academy trust. It joined the Harris Federation; it was rebranded as the **Harris Academy Ockendon**.

## History

The school opened in 1956, named the Lennard's Secondary Modern School. It was part of a wave of secondary modern schools that were built to cope with the post-war baby boom, and the Attlee government policies of 1944. It was a selective system, and young people could leave school at fifteen. The school leaving age was raised to 16 years in 1972.

When Essex converted to the non-selective comprehensive school system, Lennard's became Culverhouse Comprehensive School.

In April 2009, the school became designated as a Training School.

In August 2010, the school received the highest pass rate in its GCSE examinations, with 98% achieving A\*-C grades.

On 1 January 2011 the school was renamed from The Ockendon School to The Ockendon Academy following an Academy conversion. The school was downgraded to 'good' following an Ofsted inspection in February 2014. It was downgraded again to 'inadequate' in October 2018.

The Ockendon Academy joined the Harris family of schools in September 2019, It rapidly has put new detailed policies in place, with the aim of improving student outcomes. The Principal is Jo Rainey.

## Academics

The multi-academy trust that the Ockendon Academy selected to join has a reputation for producing 'outstanding schools'. Part of this is the paperwork they produce as evidence for an Ofsted inspection. Schools are obliged by legislation to put in place multiple policies, revise them annually and present them to their governors for approval.

Ofsted had divided its criticism in to two parts-

* that teachers rapidly learn to promote pupils’progress through an understanding of their starting points and individual needs \[being\] well trained in both the subject they are teaching and how best to teach it.
* that pupils’ outcomes must improve by applying a consistent methodology to the pedagogy.

In the 'Learning and Teaching Policy Sept-2020', Harris addresses the first of those two weaknesses. It has introduced a new ethos and has implemented a challenging, knowledge lead curriculum.

### Pedagogical approach

The second concern is addressed by the new fixed format lesson. It starts with 'test' on previous work, for example the homework task from the previous lesson, and previous weeks. It moves on to the three phases of fully guided instruction- where the teacher teaches (known as the **I do**) then works through examples with the pupils (known as **We do**) then supervises the pupils as they do tasks on their own with out assistance (known as **You do**). The homework is set- this usually involves the '**read, cover, regurgitate**, and **check** phases of using a knowledge organiser that the teacher had previously prepared while planning the lesson.

### Curriculum content

Virtually all maintained schools and academies follow the National Curriculum, and are expected to deliver a 'broad and balanced curriculum' at Key Stage 3.

At Key Stage 4, schools endeavour to get all students to achieve the English Baccalaureate (EBACC) qualification- this must include core subjects, a modern foreign language, and either History or Geography. In additions a range of optional subjects are offered. Harris Academy Ockendon operates a three-year, Key Stage 3 where all the core National Curriculum subjects are taught.

### Teaching and learning

The school places the responsibility for subject content to the subject teams. They select what needs to be taught before how it is delivered.

## InfoBox

| Harris ockendon academy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Erith Drive
South Ockendon, Essex, RM15 5AY
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°30′45″N 0°16′41″E / 51.512536°N 0.278053°E / 51.512536; 0.278053 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | *Enjoy being the best you can be* |
| Established | 1956 |
| Local authority | Thurrock |
| Trust | Harris Federation |
| Department for Education URN | 147537 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Principal | Jo Rainey |
| Executive Principal | George McMillan |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 1239 |
| Website | www.harrisockendon.org.uk |


title: Westlock—St. Paul

abstract: Westlock—St. Paul was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. It included Westlock County, Sturgeon County, Thorhild County, Smoky Lake County, the County of St. Paul No. 19 and the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87. Following the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012 this riding was abolished into Lakeland (35%), Sturgeon River—Parkland (32%), Fort McMurray—Cold Lake (20%), Peace River—Westlock (13%) and a small section outside of St. Albert being transferred to St. Albert—Edmonton.

text:
# Westlock—St. Paul

**Westlock—St. Paul** (briefly known as **Battle River**) was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. It included Westlock County, Sturgeon County, Thorhild County, Smoky Lake County, the County of St. Paul No. 19 and the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87. Following the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012 this riding was abolished into Lakeland (35%), Sturgeon River—Parkland (32%), Fort McMurray—Cold Lake (20%), Peace River—Westlock (13%) and a small section outside of St. Albert being transferred to St. Albert—Edmonton.

## History

This riding was created in 2003 as "Westlock—St. Paul" from parts of Lakeland, Elk Island, St. Albert, Yellowhead and Athabasca ridings. The riding was known as "Battle River" from 2004 to 2005, despite the Battle River not actually running through the riding.

### Members of Parliament

| Parliament | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***Riding created from* Lakeland, Elk Island, St. Albert,
Yellowhead *and* Athabasca** | | | | |
| 38th | 2004–2006 |  | David Chatters | Conservative |
| 39th | 2006–2008 | | Brian Storseth | |
| 40th | 2008–2011 | ||
| 41st | 2011–2015 | ||
| ***Riding dissolved into* Lakeland, Fort McMurray—Cold Lake,
Peace River—Westlock, Sturgeon River—Parkland
*and* St. Albert—Edmonton** | | | | |

## Election results

| 2011 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Conservative | Brian Storseth | 32,652 | 77.8 | +5.1 | $35,498 |
|  | New Democratic | Lyndsay Henderson | 5,103 | 12.2 | +2.1 | $11 |
|  | Liberal | Rob Fox | 2,569 | 6.1 | -3.0% | $17,113 |
|  | Green | Lisa Grant | 1,634 | 3.9 | -2.8 | $837 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | | | 41,958 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 166 | 0.4 | +0.1 |
| Turnout | | | 42,124 | 56.5 | +5.0 |
| Eligible voters | | | 74,575 |  |  |

| 2008 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Conservative | Brian Storseth | 27,338 | 72.7 | 4.5 | $64,754 |
|  | New Democratic | Della Drury | 3,809 | 10.1 | +0.1 | $107 |
|  | Liberal | Leila Houle | 3,418 | 9.1 | -5.9 | $19,436 |
|  | Green | Aden Murphy | 2,522 | 6.7 | +1.8 |  |
|  | Christian Heritage | Sip Hofstede | 510 | 1.4 | -- | $5,698 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | | | 37,597 | 100.0 | $90,419 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 131 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 37,728 | 51 | -11 |

| 2006 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Conservative | Brian Storseth | 29,698 | 68.2 | +1.5 | $40,610 |
|  | Liberal | Cory Ollikka | 6,531 | 15.0 | -4.4 | $26,436 |
|  | New Democratic | Peter Opryshko | 4,368 | 10.0 | +1.2 | $2,393 |
|  | Green | Richard De Smet | 2,136 | 4.9 | -0.2 | $963 |
|  | Independent | Werner Gisler | 416 | 1.0 |  | $2,212 |
|  | Independent | Clarence Schultz | 381 | 0.9 |  | $3,437 |
| Total valid votes | | | 43,530 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 125 | 0.29 | -0.09 |
| Turnout | | | 43,655 | 61.53 | +4.97 |

| 2004 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Conservative | David Chatters | 26,435 | 66.7 |  | $25,254 |
|  | Liberal | Joe Dion | 7,694 | 19.4 |  | $79,419 |
|  | New Democratic | Peggy Kirkeby | 3,482 | 8.8 |  | $2,112 |
|  | Green | John A. McDonald | 2,037 | 5.1 |  | $486 |
| Total valid votes | | | 39,568 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 151 | 0.38 |
| Turnout | | | 39,719 | 56.56 |

* "Westlock—St. Paul (Code 48025) Census Profile". *2011 census*. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-03-06.

### Notes

53°56′02″N 111°53′17″W / 53.934°N 111.888°W / 53.934; -111.888

## InfoBox

Westlock—St. Paul
| Alberta electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Westlock–St. Paul in relation to the other Alberta federal electoral districts | |
| Defunct federal electoral district | |
| Legislature | House of Commons |
| District created | 2003 |
| District abolished | 2013 |
| First contested | 2004 |
| Last contested | 2011 |
| District webpage | profile, map |
| Demographics | |
| Population (2011) | 108,518 |
| Electors (2011) | 73,791 |
| Area (km²) | 22,155.73 |
| Census division(s) | Division No. 10, Division No. 11, Division No. 12, Division No. 13 |
| Census subdivision(s) | Sturgeon County, Cold Lake, Bonnyville No. 87, County of Vermilion River, Westlock County, Morinville, Lac La Biche County, County of St. Paul No. 19, Bonnyville, St. Paul |


title: Ostedes inermis

abstract: Ostedes inermis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schwarzer in 1925.

text:
# Ostedes inermis

***Ostedes inermis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schwarzer in 1925.

## InfoBox

| *Ostedes inermis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Ostedes*** |
| Species: | ***O. inermis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ostedes inermis***<br>Schwarzer, 1925 | |
|


abstract: Papua New Guinea is scheduled to participate at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

text:
# Papua New Guinea at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics

**Papua New Guinea** is scheduled to participate at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

## Golf

Papua New Guinea received a quota of two athletes to compete by the tripartite committee.

Individual

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | | Round 2 | | | Round 3 | | | Total | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank | Score | Total | Rank | Score | Total | Rank | Score | Par | Rank |
| Natalie Mok | Girls' Individual | 81 (+11) | 25 | 79 (+9) | 160 | 26 | 92 (+22) | 252 | 32 | 252 | +42 | 31 |
|
| Terrence Coleman | Boys' Individual | 77 (+7) | 23 | 84 (+14) | 161 | 31 | 87 (+17) | 248 | 29 | 248 | +38 | 29 |

Team

| Athletes | Event | Round 1
(Fourball) | | Round 2
(Foursome) | | Round 3
(Individual Stroke) | | | | Total | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Girl | Boy | Total | Rank | Score | Par | Rank |
| Natalie Mok
Terrence Coleman | Mixed team | 75 (+5) | 32 | 88 (+18) | 31 | 81 | 85 | 166 (+26) | 32 | 329 | +49 | 32 |

## Swimming

## InfoBox

| Papua New Guinea at the
2018 Summer Youth Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | PNG |
| NOC | Papua New Guinea Olympic Committee |
| in Buenos Aires, Argentina
6 – 18 October 2018 | |
| Competitors | 3 in 2 sports |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Youth Olympics appearances | |
|  | |


title: V Sport Extra

abstract:
V Sport Extra is a television channel owned by Viaplay Group broadcasting to Sweden. It specializes in HD sports. The channel started broadcasting on 8 April 2016. The channel is sometimes broadcast as TV3 Sport without HD.
In 1 June 2020 TV3 Sport HD was rebranded to V Sport Extra.

text:
# V Sport Extra

**V Sport Extra** is a television channel owned by Viaplay Group broadcasting to Sweden. It specializes in HD sports. The channel started broadcasting on 8 April 2016. The channel is sometimes broadcast as **TV3 Sport** without HD. In 1 June 2020 **TV3 Sport HD** was rebranded to **V Sport Extra**.

## InfoBox

V Sport Extra
| Broadcast area | Sweden |
| --- | --- |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Viaplay Group |
| History | |
| Launched | 8 April 2016 |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Boxer | Channel 42 |
|  | |


title: Junkyard Empire

abstract: Junkyard Empire was an American political hip-hip/jazz group based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Their style eludes categorization, mixing hip-hop, rock, jazz, and dark electronics, existing alongside the deep political revolution-focused lyrics of rapper MC Brihanu. The band had created a large amount of recorded material and live performances, often being excluded from the mainstream press. Recognition eventually came after a show played at the No Peace for the War Makers rally on a large stage at the Minnesota State Capitol during the 2008 Republican National Convention protests. Their performance was a turning point for the band which led them to support and perform for nationally coordinated occupation protests of New York City and Washington, D.C. leading up to the global Occupy Movement.

text:
# Junkyard Empire

**Junkyard Empire** was an American political hip-hip/jazz group based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Their style eludes categorization, mixing hip-hop, rock, jazz, and dark electronics, existing alongside the deep political revolution-focused lyrics of rapper **MC Brihanu**.

The band had created a large amount of recorded material and live performances, often being excluded from the mainstream press. Recognition eventually came after a show played at the No Peace for the War Makers rally on a large stage at the Minnesota State Capitol during the 2008 Republican National Convention protests. Their performance was a turning point for the band which led them to support and perform for nationally coordinated occupation protests of New York City and Washington, D.C. leading up to the global Occupy Movement.

## Early history

Junkyard Empire was formed in Fall 2006 as an acid jazz/hip-hop collaboration between friends Brian Lozenski (a.k.a. Brihanu) and Christopher Robin Cox. The group evolved through stylistic and instrumental experimentation. During this time, the band morphed from a jazz sextet with two horns - with Jamie Delzer on saxophone - in their first studio album, Reclaim Freedom (2007), to a rock/jazz quintet in Rise of the Wretched (2008) - always with Lozenski rapping over the top.

Over time, the band evolved more deeply into the rock-jazz sound with the addition of Steve Hogan on Bass and Cox taking on the keyboard role and amplification of the trombone. The "amplified trombone" became a strong element of Junkyard Empire's subsequent recordings and compositional direction. (Cox later would move on to multiple projects with amplified trombone at the forefront.)

As a highly politically active group, Junkyard Empire geared up for the 2008 election by campaigning, canvassing, and participating in many direct actions in protest of the 2008 Republican National Convention (RNC) in Saint Paul, Minnesota by performing an "Anti-RNC Tour," coinciding with the pre-release of their EP "Rise of the Wretched."

It was at this time that Junkyard Empire first came into local and national recognition with their performance at the "No Peace for the War Makers" on the steps of the Minnesota State Capitol during the third day of the RNC. This show was interrupted by dozens of riot cops attacking a group of bicyclists in the crowd. Tensions raised to a fever pitch, nearly to the point of rioting, all while the band improvised over the tune Wretched (from the album Rise of the Wretched), as rapper Brihanu chanted to the police "let them go." Parts of this performance were featured in the documentary "Terrorizing Dissent".

In those early years, Junkyard Empire shared the stage with Desdamona, Michael "Eyedea" Larsen, Carnage The Executioner, Blue King Brown, Broadcast Live, Boots Riley and The Coup, Los Nativos, Kill the Vultures, Toki Wright, and numerous others.

For their third studio album, the band partnered with Marc Nicolas at what was then a startup independent music label MediaRoots Music based in Santa Monica, CA. to produce Rebellion Politik (2009). Shortly after recording the material, the band and a Media Roots team embarked on a successful tour of Cuba, where they were invited by the Ministry of Culture in Havana. Marc Nicholas went on become an A&R rep at Glassnote Records and has since started his own record label called Halvetica Music.

The band's last lineup was MC Brihanu, Christopher Robin Cox, Bryan Berry, Steve Hogan, and Graham O’Brien. This was the lineup for "Acts of Humanity (2010), mixed by Brian Susko at Dharma Sound Studios (Santa Monica, CA) and mastered by Tom Garneau at Audio Active (Deephaven, Minnesota) and then their own self-produced record in 2011, called Butt Naked in the Matrix, largely considered their best work, though the least known.

Homing in on the impact of performing live during the RNC protests, Junkyard Empire traveled to New York in spring of 2010 to perform at the first annual "Sounds of Resistance" protest and direct-action rally at Union Square Park in New York City. Here they performed during a march on and subsequent occupation of the nation's leading foreclosure firm, Bank of America, on Tax Day.

In 2012, Junkyard Empire was invited to perform in Washington D.C. in support of an occupation of Freedom Plaza, located on Pennsylvania Avenue. This performance was to mark the start of the October 2011 occupation of D.C. and served as a supporting coalition for the burgeoning Occupy Movement, in fact organized long before Occupy Wall Street was a recognized movement.

## Recent events

Junkyard Empire had a track featured on the May 2012 release of "Occupy This Album", a benefit album for the Occupy Movement featuring 99 tracks for the 99%. Junkyard Empire's "Rebellion Politik" title track is featured alongside notable artists such as Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, Anti-Flag, Willie Nelson, Jackson Browne, Ani DiFranco, and others. Their well-known track "We Want" from their fourth album *Acts of Humanity* is now the theme song for Project Censored's radio show on Berkeley's KPFA radio.

## Political affiliations

Junkyard Empire performed at No Peace for the War Makers during the 2008 Republican National Convention in St. Paul, which was featured in the movie Terrorizing Descent. The band has also worked closely with The League of Pissed Off Voters (aka League of Independent Voters) and Canvassed Neighborhoods in St. Paul during the 2008 election. In addition, the group also supports the Anti-War Committee, Food Not Bombs, the World Fair Trade Organization, the Committee to Stop FBI Repression, the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), the RNC 8, the Physicians for a National Health Program, and many other revolution-minded groups.


title: Nnubi dynasty

abstract: Osim and Akuma Nnubi were brothers and merchant princes of the Akpa people from the east of the Cross River in the late 17th century. The Akpa people were trading allies with the Eze Agwu and Nnachi clans of the Igbo. When Nnachi called them to assist the Igbos in the Aro-Ibibio Wars, they answered. Leading their people, they allied with the Igbo groups to defeat the Ibibio. Osim died and his brother Akuma became the new Arochukwu kingdom's first EzeAro or king.

text:
# Nnubi dynasty

**Osim and Akuma Nnubi** were brothers and merchant princes of the Akpa people from the east of the Cross River in the late 17th century. The Akpa people were trading allies with the Eze Agwu and Nnachi clans of the Igbo. When Nnachi called them to assist the Igbos in the Aro-Ibibio Wars, they answered. Leading their people, they allied with the Igbo groups to defeat the Ibibio. Osim died and his brother Akuma became the new Arochukwu kingdom's first *EzeAro* or king.


title: Red Steel 2

abstract: Red Steel 2 is a first-person shooter hack and slash video game developed by Ubisoft Paris and published by Ubisoft. It is a standalone sequel to Red Steel. Released worldwide for the Wii video game console in March 2010, the game received generally positive reviews.

text:
# Red Steel 2

***Red Steel 2*** is a first-person shooter hack and slash video game developed by Ubisoft Paris and published by Ubisoft. It is a standalone sequel to *Red Steel*. Released worldwide for the Wii video game console in March 2010, the game received generally positive reviews.

## Gameplay

*Red Steel 2* is played in a first-person perspective where players can alternate between shooting and sword fighting. Players are able to fight up to six enemies on-screen, though enemy packs can go up to twenty, and can deflect opponents' bullets with their swords. Tougher enemies have specific vulnerabilities that can only be exploited through the use of Wii MotionPlus technology; some enemies can parry off sword attacks with a defensive stance that the player must circumvent either with a slash parallel with the enemy's blade or three consecutive heavy strikes performed with large, fast swings of the Wii Remote, and some enemies wear armor that makes them immune to damage unless they are removed with heavy strikes. Attacking enemies in certain ways will stun them, giving the player a brief chance to finish them off with a particular Wii Remote gesture. The player begins each enemy encounter with full health that automatically replenishes once all enemies are defeated; should the enemies overwhelm the player to the point where all health is lost, the game ends and play can be resumed from the last checkpoint passed.

As the player progresses through the main missions, new techniques, armor, and weapons become available for purchase from safe houses established by non-player characters who ally with the main protagonist, but are not considered part of his clan, while additional side missions, represented as wanted posters in the safe houses, are available to play, earning the player a monetary reward upon their completion. Money can also be earned by destroying many small objects throughout the game world with equipped weapons, opening chests or defeating enemies, with double money earned for performing finishers correctly and triple for doing so with a combo. New techniques involve inputting a series of attacks that can significantly damage, stun or launch enemies into the air, and every time one is purchased, the player must go to a training area in the current safe house to practice it. Another source of money is a separate challenge mode that allows players to revisit previously cleared story chapters.

*Red Steel 2* is the first game besides *Wii Sports Resort* to use the Wii Motion Plus Accessory, as well as only one of three third-party Wii games to require it, with the others being *My Personal Golf Trainer* and *B-Units: Build It!*. The game features an expansive amount of movement with the Wii MotionPlus allowing it to be quite an interactive game, including certain hands-on minigames such as opening combination lock safes.

## Plot

### Setting

*Red Steel 2* does not continue the story of its predecessor, but adapts the common theme of mixing together ranged and melee combat as well as Eastern and Western culture. It is set in a more make-believe and somewhat more technically advanced world, where mysterious warrior clans employ both samurai and cowboy weapons and fighting styles in tandem, similar to the PlayStation 2 video game *Samurai Western*, in a Wild West-like North America carved up into territories. The game begins in the fictional city of Caldera in Nevada, where lawless "Jackals" roam not long after the city's entrusted protectors, the Kusagari, are decimated by their rival, the Katakara, in a vicious clan war.

### Story

The game begins as an unnamed Hero, the last member of the Kusagari Clan, is being dragged across the desert, tied to the back of a motorcycle. He manages to break free, but Payne, the leader of the Jackals – a vast gang of thugs, murderers and thieves – steals the Hero's katana. While running from the Jackals with only his trusty .357 Longarm through the city of Caldera, the Hero rescues his old swordsmaster Jian who was to soon be executed by the Jackals. After the rescue, Jian allows the Hero to borrow his sword until the Hero can recover his own from Payne.

The Hero meets up with Tamiko, a member of his clan's research division, as well as Caldera's sheriff and Tamiko's father, Judd. They provide information for the Hero to help him track down Payne, while sabotaging the Jackals' operations in the Upper City, as well as meeting a fight club-operating businessman named Songan. The Hero eventually locates and defeats Payne in the Jackals' hideout, Rojo House, recovering his katana during the battle. He interrogates Payne and, before killing him by throwing him off a ledge, learns that his entire clan had been annihilated by a man named Shinjiro.

The Hero travels to the Lower City, encountering another rival clan called the Katakara. He finds Shinjiro in the city's Kusagari Temple and the two swordsmen fight. After a fierce battle, the Hero breaks Shinjiro's katana and pushes him to the edge of the Temple's roof. However, before the Hero can strike his foe down, a mysterious ninja saves Shinjiro. Jian then tells the Hero that the katanas of the Kusagari, called Sora Katanas, have great unpredictable power and that the method to make these is known only to them, and Shinjiro, who trained with the Kusagari as a child, plans to make more of them.

Following a tip from Judd, the Hero discovers Shinjiro trying to escape the city on a train and manages to board it before it leaves. After the Hero fights his way through the train, which is full of ninjas and Katakara, he finds Shinjiro atop the front car; the "escape attempt" is revealed to be a trap. As the Hero approaches the front car, Shinjiro detaches the front car from the rest of the train. Shinjiro then throws a grenade to kill the Hero and destroy the rest of the train. The Hero survives, but is forced to walk through the desert for three days before finding a small ghost town. While exploring the town, the Hero discovers Songan, who explains that the ghost town is a Jackal ammo dump. The Hero drives off the Jackals and survives an attack by a Katakara force, led by the lieutenant Calhoun.

After reestablishing communications with Tamiko, Judd, and Jian, the Hero learns that the trio have tracked Shinjiro to the isolated mining community of Rattlesnake Canyon. The Hero then takes Songan's advice and uses an old locomotive in the town's deserted train depot to travel there and is nearly killed when Shinjiro blows up a bridge up ahead. While exploring the Canyon, the Hero is attacked by the leader of the Katakara, Okaji, but manages to defeat him, only for him to return from the dead. Following Tamiko's plan, the Hero then uses explosives stolen from the mining quarry to break into the Canyon's Kusagari Temple, taken over by Shinjiro. This temple has a passageway leading to one of Songan's casinos and a pulley-raised bridge to Shinjiro's hideout, Tiger's Nest. Just as the Hero is about to ask Songan about how to get into Tiger's Nest, he then betrays the Hero and his allies, Tamiko, Judd, and Jian, are captured, but Songan nevertheless helps him lower the bridge. At Tiger's Nest, Shinjiro demands the Hero's katana in exchange for his friends. As the Hero is about to give it to him, the two engage in a gun duel, where Tamiko is shot.

The Hero chases Shinjiro through Tiger's Nest and eventually engages in a rematch with Okaji, whom he finally kills by dropping him off a cliff. He then hunts Shinjiro on a remote mountain outside the Nest, who then taunts the Hero about how the capture of his allies helped him rebuild his sword and uses explosives and henchmen in one final effort to stop the Hero from reaching him. When that fails, Shinjiro, now adorned in menacing armor, draws out a newly forged katana for a final showdown with the Hero atop a high cliff. The Hero bests him in the intense, ensuing duel, but a wounded Shinjiro warns him that other clans will covet the power of the Sora Katana before the Hero tells him that history will forget him and finishes him off by stabbing him in the heart. As Shinjiro perishes, the Hero breaks the sword in two and tosses the hilt end off the cliff in an effort to deter the clans from learning more about this weapon, before looking on to see the sun rise.

## Development

Development of *Red Steel 2* began in the summer of 2008. *Red Steel 2* was announced by Ubisoft executive director, Alain Corre in July 28. The game uses Nintendo's new accessory, Wii MotionPlus and was included in a bundle. It was developed using the proprietary LyN game engine.

*Red Steel 2* features stylized, cel-shaded graphics, in contrast to its predecessor's more realistic aesthetic. The visual style is similar to Ubisoft Paris' own *XIII*, released in 2003. The game is also free of graphic violence, like its predecessor, save for occasional unrealistic blood-like splash effects when enemies are slashed or finished off with a stab, before vanishing in a cloud of dust upon defeat. Creative director Jason Vandenberghe justified the removal of graphic violence because he felt that bloodshed would make the Hero appear less heroic and cited how stories about iconic action folk heroes like Robin Hood and Zorro, who influenced and inspired the Hero's concept and creation, would become distasteful if their dispatching of foes were told in more graphic detail.

An early version of the game that Ubisoft conceived and later abandoned out of dissatisfaction before the Wii MotionPlus' announcement was planned to have a setting similar to the first game and support online multiplayer via Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. Vandeberghe also explained that the decision to make the sequel's setting completely different from the first game mainly pivoted upon the need to fully capitalize on and play to the strengths of the system, citing how the first game's effort to reproduce realistic, urban environments hurt the gameplay and controls, particularly the sword fighting. When it came to carrying over the recurring theme of mixing Eastern and Western culture, his approach for doing so would be to juxtapose elements from both rather than closely fusing them together. One example of this was having the Hero wield both a katana and a revolver in tandem, the latter which Vandeberghe felt was an well-contrasting counterpart to the former in a few ways and influenced his decision to make the game set in a Wild West-style world.

One feature that did not carry over from the first game was a multiplayer mode. Vandenberghe explained that his development team did explore the possibilities of including one, but determined that it would never fit in the development time window, and that they preferred to deliver a great single player experience over a mediocre multiplayer game. He also stated that plans to enhance the challenge mode by adding new enemies and unique objectives were also similarly scrapped due to technical and developmental obstacles.

## Reception

*Red Steel 2* received favorable reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. *IGN* praised the "awesome style and energetic gameplay" and called it "one of the top titles on Wii". *Official Nintendo Magazine* praised the MotionPlus controls, visuals and audio, but criticised the mission design, referring to it as being "average". *Eurogamer* praised the "thrilling set pieces" but called the game's character "flawed, certainly, but entirely honorable with it". *1UP.com* were considerably less impressed, stating that while "occasionally exhilarating" the game was "mostly unremarkable". *GamesRadar* praised the controls and "the engaging, intuitive combat". *GamesRadar* also noted that the game was drastically superior to *Red Steel*, noting that there was "no comparison between the two". *Classic Game Room* received the game well. Bussler claimed that this was the best motion controlled first person shooter that "I ever played".

Not all non-video game publications gave the game moderate success. *The Escapist* gave it four stars out of five and said: "Over three years after the Wii hit store shelves, *Red Steel 2* finally delivers the motion-controlled swordplay we expected from the original *Red Steel*, and it more than makes up for any niggling flaws in the level design". *The Daily Telegraph* gave it seven out of ten and called it "effortlessly likable". Chris Kohler of *Wired* also gave it seven stars out of ten, saying: "I've never played anything quite like *Red Steel 2*, which lets you use swords and guns simultaneously, switching back and forth between wild swinging and precise aiming". He criticized some occasional lapses in the game's technical stability, such as rare game-crashing bugs and occasional moments where the game is forced to halt briefly to read the disc. *The A.V. Club* gave it a C+: "Though the pesky lag is largely gone, all too often, gameplay still devolves into breathless, embarrassing exercises in flailing".

Ubisoft originally expected to sell 1 million copies of *Red Steel 2*, but after poor sales of *James Cameron's Avatar: The Game*, they slashed their sales predictions in half. According to Jason VendenBerghe at his keynote speech at the 2010 European game developers conference, *Red Steel 2* has sold approximately 270,000 copies worldwide.

## Future

In April 2010, a French website spread a rumor that a sequel was in development, according to a Nintendo magazine. Vandenberghe expressed interest in making the sequel and previously floated the possibility of bringing the *Red Steel* series to the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 when motion-control add-ons for those consoles, the PlayStation Move and Xbox Kinect respectively, were announced during *Red Steel 2*'s development, but ultimately concluded that the current state of the motion control market does not yet justify continuing the series. There were rumors at the time that such sequel would likely be a Wii exclusive and make use of the Wii Vitality Sensor, and he confirmed that he wanted to take advantage of the eventually-cancelled accessory if a third game were to be made. There has been no further word on the possibility of a sequel after Nintendo shifted focus towards subsequent successors of the Wii.

## InfoBox

| Red Steel 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Ubisoft Paris |
| Publisher(s) | Ubisoft |
| Director(s) | Jason Vandenberghe |
| Producer(s) | Bruno Galet |
| Designer(s) | Roman Campos-Oriola |
| Programmer(s) | Stéphane Lavergne |
| Writer(s) | David Neiss<br>Jason VandenBerghe |
| Composer(s) | Tom Salta |
| Engine | LyN |
| Platform(s) | Wii |
| Release | * NA: March 23, 2010 * AU: March 25, 2010 * EU: March 26, 2010 |
| Genre(s) | First-person shooter/hack and slash |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Palazzo Bastogi

abstract: Palazzo Bastogi is located at Via dell'Oriuolo 33 in Florence. It houses the Historical Archive of the City of Florence. The palazzo appears in the list drawn up in 1901 by the General Directorate of Antiquities and Fine Arts as a monumental building to be considered.

text:
# Palazzo Bastogi

**Palazzo Bastogi** is located at Via dell'Oriuolo 33 in Florence. It houses the Historical Archive of the City of Florence. The palazzo (as Bargilli Sarchi) appears in the list drawn up in 1901 by the General Directorate of Antiquities and Fine Arts as a monumental building to be considered (national artistic heritage).

## History

In this area stood some houses owned by the Pazzi families (the garden of the «Pazzi Paradise» was in fact on the site of the adjacent Palazzo della Banca d’Italia), Lippi and Ciampolini, which later came to the monasteries of Santa Felicita and San Salvi. The Bargilli Sarchi family purchased it from them, and in 1735 they promoted the extension and renovation works that distinguish the palazzo today, attributed to the architect Bernardino Ciurini. This information, found locally, is flanked by that collected by Marcello Jacorossi, which vice versa indicate the building as an ancient property of the Albizzi (corresponding by means of gardens to one of the family’s palaces in borgo degli Albizzi), purchased in the 18th century by the Minerbetti family, to whom the extensions and improvements that currently characterise it are due. And again: assuming the first reconstruction to be correct, the building should be identified with the one mentioned in the 1850 guide to Florence under the name of palazzo Franchetti, for which there would be a change of ownership from the Bargilli Sarchi to the Fabbrichesi and then to the Franchetti family.

What is certain is that from 1910 it belonged to the Bastogi family, one of the richest industrial families in Florence in the 19th century, who promoted some renovation work on a project by architect Ugo Giusti in 1918, but then suffered a financial collapse. In 1938, it was sold to the Comune of Florence, which used it first to house various offices, and then, from 1976, the Historical Archive of the Municipality of Florence, which still has its seat here.

In what was the palace’s original garden, a theatre structure (Teatro dell’Oriuolo) was built in the dopoldo that was active from 1951 to 1993.

The building was carefully restored between September 1995 and February of the following year.

## Description

The palace has an essentially 18th-century façade, organised on six axes for three floors (plus a basement), marked by an insistent decorativism (see the ornaments of the balcony and of the windows with geometric motifs and fantastic animals) and, a rare example for Florence, by a double door flanked by semicolumns and surmounted by an elegant little terrace, with masks on the balustrade alluding to the four seasons and, in the centre, a flag bearer. The rest of the architectural scores are punctuated by stringcourses, kneeling windows on the ground floor, tympanates on the first floor (both with timpani triangular and with broken semicirculars) and architravate on the second; the crowning frame supported by variously decorated shelves would appear to be attributable to a later intervention.

The archive consultation room, rich in stucco and wall paintings, is a fine example of decoration in the style of the early 19th century, with yellow columns standing out against complex white stuccoes, and with a cupola. The musical allegories of the paintings and stuccoes reveal how this was intended as a music hall and dance hall. The monumental staircase also refers to 19th century interventions.

## Theatre of the Oriuolo

In the courtyard of Palazzo Bastogi was housed, from 1951 to 1993, the Teatro dell’Oriuolo, one of the most important theatres of post-war Florence. Built in wood around 1950 with a capacity of about 150 seats, it was later enlarged with dressing rooms and workshops on the initiative of the Acli-Municipal Employees' Association that had supported its creation, reaching three hundred seats. Already Stable Theatre with an important programme, featuring directors of the calibre of Tatiana Pavlova and actors such as Paola Borboni, Ottavia Piccolo, Ave Ninchi, the brothers Aldo and Carlo Giuffré, Giustino Durano, Arnoldo Foà, etc.

After being damaged by fire and the Florence Flood of 1966, from 1968 the theatre became a reference point for the staging of prose shows in vernacular 'noble', as well as the seat of an appreciated acting school, under the direction of Gino Susini.

In 1993, the structure was closed due to inadequate plant engineering and the presence of a Asbestos roof. In 2002, a protocol was signed between the Eti, the Municipality and the University that envisaged an intervention to restore the structure (a project by Francesco Gurrieri with Giuseppe Fialà and Prof. Nizzi Grifi) aimed at turning it into an experimental theatre within the University of Florence’s Department of Arts and Performing Arts, which would in any case be open and usable by the city. After ten years, the theatre was returned in 2013 by the University to the City Council, with the aim of a new intervention aimed at the establishment of a directional and cultural centre with a hall for 140 seats, designed by Francesco Gurrieri himself.

In 2019, work actually began on the construction of the new Visual Arts Theatre; work that includes the complete demolition of the part built in the 1950s, devoid of any historical value (completed in April 2021), the recovery of the 18th-century part on Via dell’Oriuolo and the insertion of a light structure in the courtyard, that can be dismantled and reused for virtual representations of digital arts as part of the «Grandi Oblate» project.

## Bibliography

### Italian sources

* Ristretto delle cose più notabili della città di Firenze del dottor Raffaello del Bruno, Firenze, Moucke, 1757, p. 30;
* Gaetano Cambiagi, L'antiquario fiorentino; o sia, Guida per osservar con metodo le cose notabili della città di Firenze, Firenze, Stamperia Imperiale, 1765, pp. 46–47;
* Gaetano Cambiagi, L'antiquario fiorentino o sia Guida per osservar con metodo le cose notabili della città di Firenze, Firenze, Stamperia Granducale, 1771, p. 46;
* Gaetano Cambiagi, L'antiquario fiorentino, o sia, Guida per osservar con metodo le cose notabili della citta di Firenze, Firenze, Stamperia Granducale, 1781, pp. 42–43;
* Nuova guida della città di Firenze ossia descrizione di tutte le cose che vi si trovano degne d’osservazione, con piante e vedute, ultima edizione compilata da Giuseppe François, Firenze, Vincenzo Bulli, 1850, p. 235;
* Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (Direzione Generale delle Antichità e Belle Arti), Elenco degli Edifizi Monumentali in Italia, Roma, Tipografia ditta Ludovico Cecchini, 1902, p. 252;
* I Palazzi fiorentini. Quartiere di San Giovanni, introduzione di Piero Bargellini, schede dei palazzi di Marcello Jacorossi, Firenze, Comitato per l’Estetica Cittadina, 1972, p. 195, n. 374;
* Piero Bargellini, Ennio Guarnieri, Le strade di Firenze, 4 voll., Firenze, Bonechi, 1977-1978, II, 1977, p. 350;
* Stefano Bertocci, I disegni dell'Archivio Storico Comunale di Firenze, Firenze, Edizioni Polistampa, 1998, p. 257, n. 323;
* Daniele Gualandi in Comune di Firenze, Assessorato Cultura-Servizio Belle Arti, Quaderni di restauro. II, a cura di Valerio Cantafio Casamaggi, Carlo Francini, Natale Leuzzi, Firenze, Tip. G. Capponi, 2000, pp. 70–71;
* Francesco Cesati, La grande guida delle strade di Firenze, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2004.
* Sara Benzi in Atlante del Barocco in Italia. Toscana / 1. Firenze e il Granducato. Province di Grosseto, Livorno, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Siena, a cura di Mario Bevilacqua e Giuseppina Carla Romby, Roma, De Luca Editori d’Arte, 2007, p. 406, n. 76;
* Claudio Paolini, Case e palazzi nel quartiere di Santa Croce a Firenze, Firenze, Paideia, 2008, p. 136, n. 204;
* Claudio Paolini, Architetture fiorentine. Case e palazzi nel quartiere di Santa Croce, Firenze, Paideia, 2009, pp. 204–205, n. 284

Media related to Palazzo Bastogi (via dell'Oriuolo) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Palazzo Bastogi | |
| --- | --- |
| Palazzo Bastogi | |
|  | |
| Alternative names | Palazzo Bargilli Sarchi |
| General information | |
| Status | In use |
| Type | Palace |
| Architectural style | Rococo, neoclassical |
| Location | Florence, Toscana, Italy |
| Address | 33, via dell'Oriuolo |
| Coordinates | 43°46′20″N 11°15′35″E / 43.772242°N 11.259611°E / 43.772242; 11.259611 |
| Current tenants | Headquarters of the Historical Archives of the Municipality of Florence |
| Construction started | 1735 |