title: Rockbjörnen

abstract: Rockbjörnen is a music prize in Sweden, divided into several categories, which is awarded annually by the newspaper Aftonbladet. The prize was first awarded in 1979, and is mostly centered on pop and rock. In 2010, Rockbjörnen was redone and focused more on live performances. This initiative was hailed by artists and industry. The period for selecting the winners of Rockbjörnen was extended from one month to three months.

text:
# Rockbjörnen

**Rockbjörnen** (Swedish: *the Rock Bear*) is a music prize in Sweden, divided into several categories, which is awarded annually by the newspaper *Aftonbladet*. The prize was first awarded in 1979, and is mostly centered on pop and rock.

In 2010, Rockbjörnen was redone and focused more on live performances. This initiative was hailed by artists and industry. The period for selecting the winners of Rockbjörnen was extended from one month to three months (all summer).

## Categories

### Rockbjörnen's Myspace prize

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2007 | Kid Down |
| 2008 | Billie the Vision and the Dancers |

### The year's best dance band

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | Wizex |

### The year's best Swedish band

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | No awards |
| 1980 | Noice |
| 1981 | Freestyle |
| 1982 | Gyllene Tider |
| 1983 | Raj Montana Band |
| 1984 | Ratata |
| 1985 | Imperiet |
| 1986 | Europe |
| 1987 | Ratata |
| 1988 | Roxette |
| 1989 | Roxette |
| 1990 | the Creeps |
| 1991 | Roxette |
| 1992 | Roxette |
| 1993 | Atomic Swing |
| 1994 | Nordman |
| 1995 | Just D |
| 1996 | Jumper |
| 1997 | Kent |
| 1998 | The Cardigans |
| 1999 | Kent |
| 2000 | The Ark |
| 2001 | Lambretta |
| 2002 | Kent |
| 2003 | Kent |
| 2004 | Gyllene Tider |
| 2005 | Bodies Without Organs |
| 2006 | BWO |
| 2007 | Sahara Hotnights |
| 2008 | Takida |

### The year's best live group

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | Kent |
| 2011 | The Ark |

### The year's Swedish female artist

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | No awards |
| 1980 | Liza Öhman |
| 1981 | Eva Dahlgren |
| 1982 | Anni-Frid Lyngstad |
| 1983 | Agnetha Fältskog |
| 1984 | Eva Dahlgren |
| 1985 | Anne-Lie Rydé |
| 1986 | Marie Fredriksson |
| 1987 | Marie Fredriksson |
| 1988 | Marie Fredriksson |
| 1989 | Marie Fredriksson |
| 1990 | Titiyo |
| 1991 | Eva Dahlgren |
| 1992 | Lisa Nilsson |
| 1993 | Louise Hoffsten |
| 1994 | Lisa Ekdahl |
| 1995 | Robyn |
| 1996 | Dilba |
| 1997 | Cajsalisa Ejemyr |
| 1998 | Emilia Rydberg |
| 1999 | Robyn |
| 2000 | Feven |
| 2001 | Lisa Miskovsky |
| 2002 | Robyn |
| 2003 | Lisa Miskovsky |
| 2004 | Lena Philipsson |
| 2005 | Laleh |
| 2006 | Lisa Miskovsky |
| 2007 | Sonja Aldén |
| 2008 | Amanda Jenssen |
| 2010 | Robyn |
| 2011 | Veronica Maggio |

### The year's female live act

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | Robyn |
| 2011 | Veronica Maggio |

### The year's Swedish live act

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2007 | The Ark |
| 2008 | Håkan Hellström |

### The year's Swedish newcomer

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2002 | The Sounds |
| 2003 | Pauline |
| 2004 | Ana Johnsson |
| 2005 | Laleh |
| 2006 | Sebastian Karlsson |
| 2007 | Måns Zelmerlöw |
| 2008 | Amanda Jenssen |

### The year's breakthrough

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | Oskar Linnros |
| 2011 | Daniel Adams-Ray |

### Swedish song of the year

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1992 | Himlen runt hörnet by Lisa Nilsson |
| 1993 | Lilla fågel blå by Staffan Hellstrand |
| 1994 | Vandraren by Nordman |
| 1995 | Fiskarna i haven by Idde Schultz |
| 1996 | Gå & fiska! by Gyllene Tider |
| 1997 | Save Tonight by Eagle-Eye Cherry |
| 1998 | Big Big World by Emilia Rydberg |
| 1999 | Musik non stop by Kent |
| 2000 | Hiphopper by Thomas Rusiak feat. Teddybears Sthlm |
| 2001 | Come Along by Titiyo |
| 2002 | Kom Igen Lena! by Håkan Hellström |
| 2003 | Här kommer alla känslorna (på en och samma gång) by Per Gessle |
| 2004 | Walk Idiot Walk av The Hives |
| 2005 | Alla vill till himmelen men ingen vill dö by Timbuktu |
| 2006 | 7milakliv by Martin Stenmarck |
| 2007 | Om du lämnade mig nu by Lars Winnerbäck & Miss Li |
| 2008 | Feel Good by Ola |
| 2010 | Från och med du by Oskar Linnros |
| 2011 | Jag kommer by Veronica Maggio |

### The year's Swedish male artist

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | Ulf Lundell |
| 1980 | Ulf Lundell |
| 1981 | Mikael Rickfors |
| 1982 | Ulf Lundell |
| 1983 | Magnus Uggla |
| 1984 | Dan Hylander |
| 1985 | Joakim Thåström |
| 1986 | Magnus Uggla |
| 1987 | Orup |
| 1988 | Tommy Nilsson |
| 1989 | Orup |
| 1990 | Niklas Strömstedt |
| 1991 | Tomas Ledin |
| 1992 | Mauro Scocco |
| 1993 | Magnus Uggla |
| 1994 | Uno Svenningsson |
| 1995 | Olle Ljungström |
| 1996 | E-Type |
| 1997 | Eagle Eye Cherry |
| 1998 | E-Type |
| 1999 | Orup |
| 2000 | Håkan Hellström |
| 2001 | Håkan Hellström |
| 2002 | Håkan Hellström |
| 2003 | Per Gessle |
| 2004 | Lars Winnerbäck |
| 2005 | Darin |
| 2006 | Lars Winnerbäck |
| 2007 | Lars Winnerbäck |
| 2008 | Lars Winnerbäck |

### The year's male live act

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | Lars Winnerbäck |
| 2011 | Håkan Hellström |

### The year's Swedish album

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | Ripp Rapp by Ulf Lundell |
| 1980 | Palsternacka by Dag Vag |
| 1981 | Kärlek & Uppror by Ebba Grön |
| 1982 | Kär och galen by Ulf Lundell |
| 1983 | Välkommen till folkhemmet by Magnus Uggla |
| 1984 | Chess by Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson and Tim Rice |
| 1985 | Blå himlen blues by Imperiet |
| 1986 | Den döende dandyn by Magnus Uggla |
| 1987 | Efter stormen av Marie Fredriksson |
| 1988 | Look Sharp! by Roxette |
| 1989 | 35-åringen by Magnus Uggla |
| 1990 | Tillfälligheternas spel by Tomas Ledin |
| 1991 | Joyride by Roxette |
| 1992 | Himlen runt hörnet by Lisa Nilsson |
| 1993 | Alla får påsar by Magnus Uggla |
| 1994 | Nordman by Nordman |
| 1995 | Ingenmansland by Nordman |
| 1996 | Verkligen by Kent |
| 1997 | Isola by Kent |
| 1998 | Gran Turismo by The Cardigans |
| 1999 | Det är ni som e dom konstiga, det är jag som e normal by Thåström |
| 2000 | Känn ingen sorg för mig Göteborg by Håkan Hellström |
| 2001 | Tillbaks på ruta 1 by Patrik Isaksson |
| 2002 | Vapen & ammunition by Kent |
| 2003 | Mazarin by Per Gessle |
| 2004 | Finn 5 fel! by Gyllene Tider |
| 2005 | Du & jag döden by Kent |
| 2006 | Changes by Lisa Miskovsky |
| 2007 | Tillbaka till samtiden by Kent |
| 2008 | För sent för Edelweiss by Håkan Hellström |

### The year's foreign artist

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | No awards |
| 1980 | Bruce Springsteen |
| 1981 | Kim Wilde |
| 1982 | David Bowie |
| 1983 | David Bowie |
| 1984 | Prince |
| 1985 | Bruce Springsteen |
| 1986 | Bruce Springsteen |
| 1987 | Michael Jackson |
| 1988 | Bruce Springsteen |
| 1989 | Madonna |
| 1990 | Sinéad O'Connor |
| 1991 | Bryan Adams |
| 1992 | Madonna |
| 1993 | Meat Loaf |
| 1994 | R.E.M. |
| 1995 | Björk |
| 1996 | Alanis Morissette |
| 1997 | Puff Daddy |
| 1998 | Madonna |
| 1999 | Britney Spears |
| 2000 | Eminem |
| 2001 | Robbie Williams |
| 2002 | Eminem |
| 2003 | Robbie Williams |
| 2004 | Anastacia |
| 2005 | James Blunt |
| 2006 | Justin Timberlake |
| 2007 | Timbaland |
| 2008 | Duffy |

### The year's foreign group

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | No awards |
| 1980 | Police |
| 1981 | Police |
| 1982 | Rolling Stones |
| 1983 | Police |
| 1984 | Alphaville |
| 1985 | Dire Straits |
| 1986 | Eurythmics |
| 1987 | U2 |
| 1988 | U2 |
| 1989 | Milli Vanilli (disqualified; it was revealed that they were miming to a record) |
| 1990 | Depeche Mode |
| 1991 | Guns N' Roses |
| 1992 | Guns N' Roses |
| 1993 | Aerosmith |
| 1994 | R.E.M. |
| 1995 | Oasis |
| 1996 | The Fugees |
| 1997 | The Verve |
| 1998 | Five |
| 1999 | Red Hot Chili Peppers |
| 2000 | Red Hot Chili Peppers |
| 2001 | Linkin Park |
| 2002 | Red Hot Chili Peppers |
| 2003 | Evanescence |
| 2004 | Maroon 5 |
| 2005 | Green Day |
| 2006 | Red Hot Chili Peppers |
| 2007 | Tokio Hotel |
| 2008 | Coldplay |

### The year's foreign song

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1992 | Sweat (A La La La Long) by Inner Circle |
| 1993 | Runaway Train by Soul Asylum |
| 1994 | Love Is All Around by Wet Wet Wet delade med Always by Bon Jovi |
| 1995 | Gangsta's Paradise by Coolio |
| 1996 | Killing Me Softly by The Fugees |
| 1997 | I'll Be Missing You by Puff Daddy |
| 1998 | Believe by Cher |
| 1999 | The Bad Touch by Bloodhound Gang |
| 2000 | Hey Ya! by Outkast |
| 2001 | Can't Get You Out of My Head by Kylie Minogue |
| 2002 | By the Way by Red Hot Chili Peppers |
| 2003 | Hey Ya! by Outkast |
| 2004 | This Love by Maroon 5 |
| 2005 | You're Beautiful by James Blunt |
| 2006 | Crazy by Gnarls Barkley |
| 2007 | Apologize by OneRepublic |
| 2008 | Viva la Vida by Coldplay |
| 2010 | World Behind My Wall by Tokio Hotel |
| 2011 | Born This Way by Lady Gaga |
| 2015 | Shake It Off by Taylor Swift |

### The year's foreign album

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1979 | Communiqué by Dire Straits |
| 1980 | The Wall by Pink Floyd |
| 1981 | Tattoo You by The Rolling Stones |
| 1982 | Avalon by Roxy Music |
| 1983 | Colour by Numbers by Culture Club |
| 1984 | Forever Young by Alphaville |
| 1985 | Brothers in Arms by Dire Straits |
| 1986 | Revenge by Eurythmics |
| 1987 | The Joshua Tree by U2 |
| 1988 | Rattle and Hum by U2 |
| 1989 | Like a Prayer by Madonna |
| 1990 | Blaze of Glory by Jon Bon Jovi |
| 1991 | Waking up the Neighbours by Bryan Adams |
| 1992 | Dangerous by Michael Jackson |
| 1993 | Get a Grip by Aerosmith |
| 1994 | *Monster* by R.E.M. |
| 1995 | (What's the Story) Morning Glory by Oasis |
| 1996 | Jagged Little Pill by Alanis Morissette |
| 1997 | Urban Hymns by The Verve |
| 1998 | Ray of Light by Madonna |
| 1999 | Californication by Red Hot Chili Peppers |
| 2000 | The Marshall Mathers LP by Eminem |
| 2001 | Hybrid Theory by Linkin Park |
| 2002 | The Eminem Show by Eminem |
| 2003 | Life For Rent by Dido |
| 2004 | Anastacia by Anastacia |
| 2005 | Confessions on a Dance Floor by Madonna |
| 2006 | I'm Not Dead by Pink |
| 2007 | Timbaland Presents Shock Value by Timbaland |
| 2008 | Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends by Coldplay |

### The year's concert

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | Welcome to Humanoid City with Tokio Hotel |
| 2011 | Mando Diao at Peace & Love |

### The year's festival

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | Peace & Love |
| 2011 | Peace & Love |

### The year's live act metal

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2011 | Metallica |

### The year's live act hard rock/metal

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 2011 | Iron Maiden |

### The Century's foreign group/artist

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1999 | The Beatles |

### The century's Swedish group/artist

| Year | Laureate |
| --- | --- |
| 1999 | ABBA |

## Qualifications

### The year's female live artist, The year's male live artist & The year's livegroup

The artist will play at least three occasions in Sweden, at least three songs and the performance should be open to regular audience (fans) in front of the stage (not only on TV). The concerts must take place in Sweden.

### The year's breakthrough

Formerly known as the prize The year’s Newcomer. The artist must have played in Sweden for public at least three occasions. Must not be their own concerts. Can be, for example, Rix FM Festival.

### The year's concert

The performance will be the artist's own concert (not concerts like Rix FM Festival) in Sweden. It's enough with just one occasion.

### The Year's hard rock/metal

The artist can be both from Sweden or another country, and must be current with a tour during the period.

### Time of Rockbjörnen

For all categories for the period: From the day after Rockbjörnen gala until the voting form closes. For example, for the year 2012: September 1, 2011 to August 2, 2012

## Livelöpet

'Livelöpet is an interactive digital scene on aftonbladet.se. where artists perform live concerts. At the concert, the audience can interact with both the artist and their Facebook friends through a variety of touch as to clap, shout, like songs, take pictures and post on Facebook, swaying with lighters and even making out with someone else in the audience. The artist takes part of all interactions.

Livelöpet was launched August 17, 2010 by Rockbjörnen Live, Aftonbladet's music prize since 1979, which that year went through a change and became a prize with focus on live performances. The investment was a strategic move to reposition Rockbjörnen from a traditional music prize to one that rewards the live scene in Sweden. The repositioning had its roots in the changing music industry underwent a technological paradigm shift (from about 1998 onwards) where music is increasingly consumed through digital media and the live scene grew stronger.

The first year seven Livelöpet concerts was performed, by Mando Diao, The Ark, Robyn, Salem Al Fakir, Ola, Anna Bergendahl och Eric Saade.

The artist plays live in the Aftonbladet studio. The concert streamed live over the web and with a custom-built application where the audience can interact with each other and the artist through various buttons. The artist takes part of the audience interaction via a monitor in the studio where all shouts appear in a live feed, just as the number of applause, waving lighters and snogging. A live update of the most requested songs are also listed on the monitor and the artist can choose whether it wants to meet the audience's wishes or not. Concerts can also be experienced with no impact if desired.

This can the audience do during the live concerts: Clap your hands, Shout, Wishing songs, Taking photos and post them on Facebook, Sway with the lighters, Make out with a Facebook friend or someone in the audience, See the concert without any effects

The total number of unique visitors was 44 000. Total number of interactions between audience and artists was 2.4 million. 29 million people worldwide were reached by the news of Livelöpet, which was spread through social media. The number of unique visitors to www.rockbjornen.se was increased with more than 300%. Traffic from 63 countries could be measured during the seven concerts.

There are a lot of advantages of the interactive digital scene Livelöpet. The artist reaches out to a large number of fans wherever they are geographically, and then reaches the so-called Long tail. The concert can be experienced by people who do not normally have the opportunity to get to or go to concerts, such as minors.

Unlike TV format, "meets" the fans their idol in the digital space when he or she takes part of all interactions from the audience.

The name Livelöpet (Live rennet) comes from the original idea where the idea was that the concert would be live in a banner on Aftonbladet.se. Then it would be without any interaction possibilities with the different buttons. The banner would be designed as a headline on which the sender is an evening paper, hence the name Livelöpet (live rennet).

Prior to the Swedish Parliamentary elections in 2010 there was a variant of Livelöpet; Live Square. Parliamentary party leaders' made speeches through the web and responded directly to questions from the audience. The audience was applauding or booing the party leaders’ voice, put on a party-button and take pictures of the speech which they could post on Facebook.

## SkapaTV

In SkapaTV for Rockbjörnen you can make your own music - for free both online and mobile. By simply assembling prefabricated clips where various artists giving live performances, interviews, and doing some fun things at the amusement park Gröna Lund in Stockholm, create your own personal movie. This is brand new and has never before been offered.

Artists who have performed at SkapaTV: Norlie & KKV, Molly Sandén, Ulrik Munther, Dead By April, Icona Pop, Linnea Henriksson & Panetoz.

Aftonbladet.se - Tidigare vinnare (1979–2008)

## InfoBox

| Rockbjörnen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 1979 (1979) |
| Country | Sweden |
| Presented by | Aftonbladet |
| Website | http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/musik/rockbjornen/ |


title: Olga Andrino

abstract: Olga Andrino Diego is a Spanish painter and sculptor.

text:
# Olga Andrino

**Olga Andrino Diego** (Burgohondo, Ávila) is a Spanish painter and sculptor.

## Biography

Andrino's childhood was spent in the city of Madrid. She lived in Ibiza, London and Madrid. She studied fine art in Universidad Complutense de Madrid and she has the doctorate of sculpture.

Andrino's art has come to America, working with galleries of Valliart, in Miami. She was also selected by her *alma mater*, along with three other artists, to represent the University at the College of Spain in Paris (Quatre Peinture et sculpture).

## Style

Andrino use different materials for her works, among which may be mentioned paper mache, cement, sand, cardboard, wood and iron, among others.

For six years her work has addressed the issue of the crowds, human groups and what areas they occupy. This has produced a dramatic piece of art, because the fact that it has human content also makes this dramatic content. It also delves into the world of words. The artist defines her work saying that the sculpture is pictorial and sculptural painting and the painting is first and second is relief.

The predominant color in her works is red, which purports to represent the drama of the crowds on a sea of white. This color, red, has been key to the life of Andrino, it has touched many aspects of her life. According to her, it is the color that gives coherence to their works, acts as a wire and you could say that is the hallmark of the artist herself, that is, the color that characterizes her works. The artist is moved by emotions and sees the red like one of them, giving a fiery and blood symbolism. The material often used in her sculpture is cement, but also uses sand. For her, these materials give a telluric aspect of her work and the link to the summers of her childhood in the home of her grandparents, representing humility. Her sculptures are of a large size, full scale.

In all aspects of her work is the theme of childhood. Cement represents the playground and park, where children have fun together and learn traditional games. These sculptures represent the public space, the place where children should have fun freely. Childhood is a key theme in her work because it is the first period of life, which is appropriate, and that marks adulthood as Andrino.

The main influential painter and sculptor in her work is the German neo-expressionist Anselm Kiefer, who got the idea of large volumes. Andrino considers that the sculptures of large volumes should be exposed in large public platforms and establishes a direct correlation size / expression, that is, to express great feelings, emotions and sensations need to do it through large sculptures to be exhibited in large spaces.

## List of exhibitions

* 1994-1996 - Works in various NGOs. Collaborate in 'To help', a collective circle of Fine Arts in Madrid helping to Doctors Without Borders, and 'Art in cooperation and development', for the benefit of Manos Unidas. She was also selected in the first Uniplublic Sports Painting Contest.
* 1998 - She is selected for the exhibition Recorders 98 held in the Exhibition Hall of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Complutense University.
* 2000 - Arc 2000 Levy Gallery Madrid and Hamburg. Exhibition 'Territory of art, modern and contemporary painters'. She was selected in the second Todisa Painting Prize.
* 2000-2001 - Made a single collection of painting and sculpture for the Madrid-Hamburg Levy Gallery. 'BOXES 2000-2001', an exhibition that is based on the theory of Wittgenstein, which addresses the relationships between simple objects and composite objects and atomic facts. Also in this period, it contributes to collective collection 'Generational Meetings' in the Gallery Jorge Ontiveros. Andrino was again selected in the Third Prize for Painting Todisa.
* 2002 - Helps with the exhibition 'New Visions' Arteara Gallery in Madrid and in the 'Other Meninas', held in various cities of the Spanish geography, namely: Cultural Hall Caixa Galicia in Santiago de Compostela, Mediterranean Headquarters Media in Valencia, Kubo-Kutxaespacio Art Hall in San Sebastian, Cultural Center in Granada General Exhibition Hall and University of Malaga. It was also in this year when she was selected by the Complutense University of Madrid to represent this organization at the College of Spain in Paris ("Quatre" Peinture et sculpture). Also performs solo show 'Simple objects' in the Madrid Gallery Room XIII. She was selected for the third time for the Fourth Todisa Painting Prize.
* 2003 - Group exhibition 'Prelude Four' of sculpture and painting in Madrid Gallery Room XIII. Her work on the Meninas set forth in Montevideo, Uruguay and between June and July this year set out in the National Museum of Fine Arts in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
* 2004 - Participated in the 'Fashion Art' project exposed in April and May in Los Condes, Santiago, Chile, in June exposed at the Museum of Antioquia, Medellin and in August at the Museum of the Tertulia in Cali, Colombia. The 'Fashion Art' project discussed in Cartagena de Indias between November 2004 and January 2005. Andrino participated in the exhibition 'ActivArte' in Barcelona with her piece '10 Years Project '.
* 2005 - Performed a solo exhibition "Other Spaces' Gallery in Room XIII. Exposed along with the artist from Belgium in Bethlehem Herbosh Carlos Antwerp Foundation in Madrid.
* 2006 - Solo exhibition 'A blue space' in the Club Diario de Ibiza, Ibiza. Solo exhibition 'El Patio' at the White Soto Art Gallery Madrid, Spain.
* 2008 - Collaborated with group exhibition 'Interference' in the workshop of Salt, Las Salinas, Ibiza.
* 2011 - Together with Josemi Carmona makes the musical-pictorial project 'Dinner for Two'. In the international art fair in Madrid Phoenix hotel participates with his piece 'Alatriste', a statement from her gallery of Biondetta Biondetta Bethlehem Art Gallery. Solo exhibition "A world of today: The crowd" in Biondetta Art Gallery, Madrid, Spain.
* 2012 - Participated in the exhibition '25 Years of Spanish Fashion' at the Cerralbo Museum in Madrid with her play 'Red Carpet'.
* 2013 - Solo exhibition 'A world of today' in the Galileo Cultural Center of Madrid. She selected by the International Development Bank for a solo exhibition 'Crowds' in its EA DIB Art Gallery, Washington DC, and 'Crowds / Crowds' at the Cervantes Institute in New York.

## Works

* 2008 - The Salt
* 2009 - A world today: the crowd
* 2009 - Crowd
* 2010 - Alatriste
* 2010 - Spain / Tasting: evening with 5 bottles of wine,
* 2010 - Spain
* 2010 - Siesta in Afghanistan
* 2010 - The look of Ibiza to Formentera / Children playing on the shore
* 2011 - Crowds
* 2011 - Unemployment Office
* 2012 - The red carpet
* 2012 - Madrid
* 2012 - A city in America, New York
* 2013 - Crowd in the plaza
* 2013 - Crowds I, II, III and IV
* 2013 - The attraction of the abyss
* 2013 - Goodbye
* 2013 - Towards somewhere
* 2013 - To the temple
* 2013 - Diaspora
* 2013 - Nam Myoho Renge kyo
* 2013 - Library
* 2013 - In the museum

## InfoBox

| Olga Andrino Diego | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Burgohondo, Ávila |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Alma mater | Universidad Complutense de Madrid |


title: Pescantina

abstract: Pescantina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 14,096 and an area of 19.7 square kilometres (7.6 sq mi). The municipality of Pescantina contains the frazioni Settimo, Balconi, Arcè, Ospedaletto, and Santa Lucia. Pescantina borders the following municipalities: Bussolengo, Pastrengo, San Pietro in Cariano, Sant'Ambrogio di Valpolicella, and Verona.

text:
# Pescantina

**Pescantina** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Venice and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 14,096 and an area of 19.7 square kilometres (7.6 sq mi).

The municipality of Pescantina contains the *frazioni* (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Settimo, Balconi, Arcè, Ospedaletto, and Santa Lucia.

Pescantina borders the following municipalities: Bussolengo, Pastrengo, San Pietro in Cariano, Sant'Ambrogio di Valpolicella, and Verona.

## Demographic evolution

## Twin towns

Pescantina is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Pescantina | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Pescantina | |
|  | |
| Location of Pescantina | |
| PescantinaLocation of Pescantina in ItalyPescantinaPescantina (Veneto) | |
| Coordinates: 45°29′N 10°52′E / 45.483°N 10.867°E / 45.483; 10.867 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Veneto |
| Province | Province of Verona (VR) |
| *Frazioni* | Settimo, Balconi, Arcè, Ospedaletto, Santa Lucia |
| Area | |
| Total | 19.7 km2 (7.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 80 m (260 ft) |
| Population (Dec. 2004) | |
| Total | 14,096 |
| Density | 720/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pescantinesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 37026 |
| Dialing code | 045 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Hadley Flour and Feed Mill

abstract: The Hadley Flour and Feed Mill is located at 3633 Hadley Road in rural Hadley Township in southwestern Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site and also added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 25, 1986. The site includes several structures, but the main building is a 2+1⁄2-story wooden gristmill with a full basement. The structure is painted white and red, which was characteristic of such structures at the time. It was a typical site constructed during the course of Lapeer County's booming agricultural growth, but today, it remains one of fewer than 60 remaining examples in the state. It was built in 1874 by Peter Slimmer along the small Mill Creek and has undergone numerous repairs over its history. It was the third such mill constructed on the site—the first being built in 1845 and the second in the early 1860s. The building once stood on stilts to allow water to pass beneath. These ponds were removed, along with the creek's dam when the structure was converted from a gristmill to produce electric power in 1924 to reflect growing changes in the twentieth century. After the site ceased operation in 1964, it was turned into an office and apartment building but was later converted into a park and museum known as the Hadley Mill Museum. The property was donated to the township in 2002. The covered bridge was added in recent years as part of the park's ambiance.

text:
# Hadley Flour and Feed Mill

The **Hadley Flour and Feed Mill** is located at 3633 Hadley Road in rural Hadley Township in southwestern Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site and also added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 25, 1986.

The site includes several structures, but the main building is a 2+12-story wooden gristmill with a full basement. The structure is painted white and red, which was characteristic of such structures at the time. It was a typical site constructed during the course of Lapeer County's booming agricultural growth, but today, it remains one of fewer than 60 remaining examples in the state. It was built in 1874 by Peter Slimmer along the small Mill Creek and has undergone numerous repairs over its history. It was the third such mill constructed on the site—the first being built in 1845 and the second in the early 1860s. The building once stood on stilts to allow water to pass beneath. These ponds were removed, along with the creek's dam when the structure was converted from a gristmill to produce electric power in 1924 to reflect growing changes in the twentieth century. After the site ceased operation in 1964, it was turned into an office and apartment building but was later converted into a park and museum known as the Hadley Mill Museum. The property was donated to the township in 2002. The covered bridge was added in recent years as part of the park's ambiance.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hadley Flour and Feed Mill | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Michigan State Historic Site | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location within the state of MichiganHadley Flour and Feed Mill (the United States) | |
| Location | 3633 Hadley Road<br>Hadley Township, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 42°57′03″N 83°24′10″W / 42.95083°N 83.40278°W / 42.95083; -83.40278 |
| Built | 1874 |
| Architect | Peter Slimmer |
| NRHP reference No. | 86002770 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 25, 1986 |
| Designated MSHS | September 25, 1986 |


title: Undisputed (Deep Dish album)

abstract: Undisputed is a DJ mix album compiled and produced by Deep Dish.

text:
# Undisputed (Deep Dish album)

***Undisputed*** is a DJ mix album compiled and produced by Deep Dish.

## Track listing

1. Agua Negra - Love Evolution – 5:31
2. Deep Dish presents Dc Deepressed – Comeback - 6:46
3. TNT - Feel It – 4:30
4. Bb Boogie Association - Fire – 6:15
5. ROC & Kato - Alright – 7:45
6. Agua Negra - More – 7:06
7. Basic Soul - Hi Line – 6:32
8. Grand Centra – Real good - 2:56
9. 95 North – Shake What You Got – 3:08
10. 95 North - Let Me In – 5:20
11. Kill all Infidels (Deep Dish Mix) – 12:20
12. Loosse featuring Yolanda Reynolds - About YOU – 1:47
13. Firefly featuring Ursula Rucker – Supernatural – 6:00

## InfoBox

| Undisputed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album (mixtape) | |
| Released | 1995 |
| Genre | Progressive house |
| Length | 62:00 |
| Compiler | Deep Dish |


title: Violence against transgender people

abstract: Violence against transgender people includes emotional, physical, sexual, or verbal violence targeted towards transgender people. The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people and at depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them. Trans and non-binary gender adolescents can experience bashing in the form of bullying and harassment. When compared to their cisgender peers, trans and non-binary gender youth are at increased risk for victimisation and substance abuse. Institutional discrimination against trans people due to transphobia or homophobia is a common occurrence for trans people. Hate crimes against trans people are common, and "in some instances, inaction by police or other government officials leads to the untimely deaths of transgender victims." Protections against violence for transgender people vary by jurisdiction.

text:
# Violence against transgender people

**Violence against transgender people** includes emotional, physical, sexual, or verbal violence targeted towards transgender people. The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people and at depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them. Trans and non-binary gender adolescents can experience bashing in the form of bullying and harassment. When compared to their cisgender peers, trans and non-binary gender youth are at increased risk for victimisation and substance abuse.

Institutional discrimination against trans people due to transphobia or homophobia is a common occurrence for trans people. Hate crimes against trans people are common, and "in some instances, inaction by police or other government officials leads to the untimely deaths of transgender victims." Protections against violence for transgender people vary by jurisdiction.

## Differentiation from gay bashing

Unlike gay bashing, anti-trans violence is committed because of the target's actual or perceived gender identity or gender expression, not sexual orientation.

At least since the Stonewall riots in 1969, people from the greater trans communities have often been politically aligned with the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities. However, researchers and some activists from the greater trans communities argue trans bashing should be categorized separately from violence committed on the basis of sexual orientation ("gay-bashing"). Anti-trans bias crimes have been conceptually and characteristically distinguished from homophobic crimes in the scholarly research. One argument is that conflating violence against trans peoples with violence against gay people erases the identities of people in the greater trans communities and the truth of what happens to them. However, campaigns against gay bashing and trans bashing are often seen as having a common cause.

In the murder case of Gwen Araujo, the perpetrators accused of hate crimes against her tried to use a trans panic defense, an extension of the gay panic defense. The jury deadlocked, but there is evidence they rejected the trans panic defense. One law journal provided an analysis of the trans-panic defense, arguing in part that the emotional premise of a trans panic defense (shock at discovering unexpected genitals) is different from the emotional premise of a gay panic defense (shock at being propositioned by a member of the same sex, perhaps because of one's repressed homosexuality).

## Laws covering gender identity

### International

The United Nations adopted their Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 as the first global declaration of human rights. There are a number of articles in the declaration that have been suggested to specifically pertain to transgender people and violence (including, but not limited to, physical, psychological, legal, systemic, emotional, and political violence), although LGBT rights are not explicitly outlined in the document.

* Article 2 entitles individuals to all of the rights and freedoms set forth in the declaration "without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status".
* Article 5 states that "\[n\]o one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment."
* Article 7 states that "\[a\]ll are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination".
* Article 9 bans "arbitrary arrest, detention or exile" (which, according to Article 2, is protected from distinction based on identity or belief).
* Article 20 states that "\[e\]veryone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

### Pakistan

Transgender rights are legally protected by the law of Pakistan via the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 which prohibits discrimination and violence against trans people in the country.

### United States

In the United States, currently seventeen states plus the District of Columbia have hate crime laws protecting people victimized on the basis of their gender identity (they are California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New Hampshire, Maine, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Utah, Washington, and Washington, D.C.).

The Matthew Shepard Act expanded the federal hate crime laws to include gender, gender identity, and sexual orientation. In order to qualify as a federal hate crime in the United States, the crime must include successful or attempted bodily injury due to the use of firearm, explosives, weapons, fire, or incendiary devices. Hate crimes are covered by state, rather than federal laws unless the victim or defendant travel across state lines or national borders; using an interstate commuting route; the weapon has been brought across state lines; or if the conduct interferes with or otherwise affects commerce across state lines. This means that, unless hate crimes under the federal definition occur in a way that does not just affect one state, states have the freedom to implement their own hate crime laws. The protections of these laws range widely. Pennsylvania, for example, has not included gender identity in their hate crime protections since it was rescinded from the law in 2008.

## By country

### Americas

#### United States

In the late 2000s in Seattle's gay village of Capitol Hill, there was evidence of an increase in incidents of violence against trans people.

##### 'Bathroom bills' to enforce gendered bathroom use

Bathroom bills are bills proposed with relation to bathroom access and gender identity. There have been a number of bills proposed in the United States intended to limit access to restrooms for those who do not identify with the sex on their birth certificate. Some of these bills are justified with the rationale of protecting cisgender women from violent acts committed by cisgender men entering their facilities under the pretense of identifying as transgender women, although there is no evidence thus far of any instances of this.

Some transgender people are content, and may even prefer, using gender-neutral bathrooms, but others expect the right to use the bathroom of the gender with which they identify. The Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network found that singling out trans students by offering them alternative facility options may backfire by increasing their chances of disengaging from school or dropping out entirely. Using bathrooms that are incongruent with the gender one presents as breaks social norms while following laws, and one study found that cisgender people report discomfort at the incongruous appearance between someone's gender presentation and the bathroom they're in even when the bathroom matches their assigned sex.

##### Harassment of transgender people in bathrooms

Transgender people are more likely to be harassed in bathrooms by cisgender people than vice versa. In one survey, 70 percent of the transgender respondents had faced discrimination when attempting to use a restroom of their gender identity, including "denial of access to facilities, verbal harassment, and physical assault." An example of such harassment occurred in 2018, when California Republican Congressional candidate Jazmina Saavedra said she heard the "voice of a man" from a locked stall in the women's restroom of a fast-food restaurant in Los Angeles and filmed herself chasing the person out of the restaurant with assistance from the restaurant manager. In the video, Saavedra said she was prepared to use pepper spray and a stungun against the transgender woman. This kind of tactic can result in public outing of a transgender person's current or former gender identity.

One survey of transgender populations conducted in Washington, DC, by the group *DC Trans Coalition*, "found that 70 percent of survey respondents report experiencing verbal harassment, assault, and being denied access to public toilets." It also found that "54 percent of all respondents reported having some sort of physical problem from trying to avoid using public toilets, such as dehydration, kidney infections, and urinary tract infections" making access to safe restrooms a public health issue.

On 23 February 2020, a restaurant patron in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico made a police report that a transgender woman had entered the women's bathroom. Police arrived at the restaurant and spoke to the transgender woman. Someone filmed the police interaction and posted the video to social media. Later that day, the transgender woman—Alexa Negrón Luciano, also known as Neulisa Luciano Ruiz—was murdered.

### Asia

#### India

In 2018, a transgender woman was killed by a mob in Hyderabad, India, following false WhatsApp rumors that transgender women were sex trafficking children. Three other transgender women were injured in the attack.

#### Pakistan

Despite having legal protections, trans people in Pakistan continue to be targets of violence. Between 2015 and September 2020, 68 transgender people were killed in Pakistan, and 1,500 were sexually assaulted in multiple incidents. In 2018, transgender people reportedly experienced 479 violence incidents in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

In 2019, Amnesty International published a report indicated Shama, a transgender journalist, was raped by nine men in one of Pakistan's cities, Peshawar.

In September 2020, a prominent transgender activist Gul Panra, was shot six times. Nayyab Ali was allegedly sexually assaulted and attacked by acid as a result of her being transgender.

### Europe

#### United Kingdom

Hate crimes against transgender people in England, Scotland and Wales, as recorded by police, increased 81% from the 2016–17 fiscal year (1,073 crimes) to the 2018–19 fiscal year (1,944 crimes).

## In the media

Media can contribute to trans bashing through misinformation and scare tactics. Transgender individuals are oftentimes misrepresented negatively in media, or not represented in media at all. Transgender individuals may be portrayed in the media as curiosities or oddities, as mentally unstable persons, as predators or as thieves. A public example of this is the attention paid to the transition of Chelsea Manning, a transgender U.S. Army soldier imprisoned for releasing classified documents to WikiLeaks. A Fox News story on Manning's transition was introduced with the Aerosmith song "Dude (Looks Like a Lady)", while host Gretchen Carlson referred to Chelsea by her deadname, mocking *The New York Times* for "helping him" by using Manning's preferred gender pronoun. The Army refused to let her grow her hair as long as female prisoners, and continued referring to her using her deadname so as "to avoid confusion" until a court mandated her correct gender pronouns.

## Trans health

According to the 2011 National Transgender Discrimination Survey Report on Health and Health Care (NTDSR), which surveyed 6,450 transgender and gender non-conforming people, people who do not identify with their birth sex face obstacles to getting healthcare and have a greater likelihood of facing health issues related to their gender identity.

### Mental health

Transgender people experience greater mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as physical health disparities (e.g., cardiovascular disease). From The 2015 National Transgender Survey Report out of 27,715 respondents "forty-eight percent (48%) have seriously thought about killing themselves in the past year, compared to 4% of the U.S. population, and 82% have had serious thoughts about killing themselves at some point in their life." Trans people also have a higher rate of suicide attempts than the population as a whole. In 2013, 2.2% of U.S. adults had attempted suicide while 41% of trans people had attempted suicide at some point in their life in 2011. The rate of attempted suicide in transgender individuals increased to 51% for those bullied or harassed in school, 55% for those who recently lost a job due to bias, and 61% and 64% for those who were victims of physical and sexual assault, respectively. Low self-esteem in transgender people has been linked to being at high-risk for HIV transmission. In 2008, the rate of HIV in transgender women in North America was 27.7%.

### Access to healthcare

In the 2010 and 2011 NTDSRs, 19% of the people surveyed reported having been refused medical care due to their gender identity and 50% reported lack of provider knowledge of transgender health needs. Under the Affordable Care Act, it is illegal for any health program receiving federal funding to discriminate based on gender identity. Discrimination includes refusal to admit, treat or provide any services that are available for other patients; subjection of patients to intrusive examination; harass or refuse to respond to harassment by other staff or patients; refusal to provide support services; obligation to participate in conversion therapy; and any sort of interference in the pursuit of health care rights.

### Racial disparities

Race has been shown to compound manifestations of existing discrimination on the basis of gender identity. Black trans women have the highest suicide rate of any other group in the United States, at almost half attempting in their lives, while cisgender black women attempt suicide at a rate of 1.7% on average. Trans students of color face higher rates of harassment and violence in schools. American Indian transgender students face the highest rates of sexual assault in school at 24%, followed by multiracial (18%), Asian (17%), and black (15%) students. White transgender students face a 9% rate of sexual assault in K–12. Black trans women have a higher rate of HIV infection than other groups, with a 30.8–56.3% rate, versus 27.7% of MTF transgender people on average.

#### Police and incarceration

In the 2011 National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 22% of respondents who had interacted with the police reported harassment due to bias. 20% reported denial of equal services. 48% reported being uncomfortable asking for police assistance. Respondents who had served time in jail reported a higher rate of harassment by officers than by others in jail. For all respondents, 7% reported being held in a jail cell solely due to gender identity expression, while this number was 41% for black and 21% for Latino trans respondents. Transgender people have reported being refused medical care, particularly hormone therapy, in prison, with black trans people and American Indian trans people with the highest reporting rates.


title: Mwogo River

abstract: The Mwogo River is a river in western Rwanda that is a tributary of the Nyabarongo River.

text:
# Mwogo River

The **Mwogo River** is a river in western Rwanda that is a tributary of the Nyabarongo River.

## Course

The Mwogo rises in forested country in southern Rwanda to the east of the Congo-Nile Divide. It has its sources in the Kitabi sector of the Nyamagabe District. It runs eastward past Nyarusiza into the Huye District. It runs in a northeast direction through the western part of this district, entering the Nyanza district. In Nyanza district it runs northeast, passing Mweya at the point where the Gihimbi River enters it from the left. Below this point it is joined by the Rukarara River from the left. It then forms the western boundary of Ruhango District until it is joined from the left by the Mbirurume River just south of Bwakira. The combined stream is called the Nyabarongo River, which continues northward.

## Hydrology

The Mwogo is one of the main headwaters of the Nyawarungu river. Measurements of precipitation and evaporation at the Nyabisindu station show that the Mwogo river basin produces an average annual water flow of 252 millimetres (9.9 in). In parts of the river valley the hills have been cleared of trees, causing erosion and silting problems. Efforts are being made to replant trees. The Mwogo and Rukarara provide is the main source of water for the town of Nyanza.

**Notes**

**Citations**

1. Hughes, Hughes & Bernacsek 1992, p. 201.
2. Nyamagabe Administrative Map.
3. Huye Administrative Map.
4. Nyanza Administrative Map.
5. Ruhango Administrative Map.
6. Briggs & Booth 2010, p. 154.
7. Osborne 2012, p. 206.
8. Kanyarukiga & Ngarambe 1998.
9. Rusumo hydroelectric power...
10. Rwanda Mission Report, p. 28.

**Sources**

* Briggs, Philip; Booth, Janice (2010-03-16). *Rwanda*. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-84162-306-1. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
* Hughes, Ralph H.; Hughes, Jane S.; Bernacsek, G. M. (1992). *Iucn Directory of African Wetlands*. IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-949-5. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
* "Huye Administrative Map". National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Archived from District.pdf the original (PDF) on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2013-04-02. `{{cite web}}`: Check `|url=` value (help)
* Kanyarukiga, Sam G.; Ngarambe, Vincent (1998). "The agricultural characterization and the classification of wetlands of Eastern and Southern Africa". FAO. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
* "Nyamagabe Administrative Map". National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Archived from District.pdf the original (PDF) on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2013-04-02. `{{cite web}}`: Check `|url=` value (help)
* "Nyanza Administrative Map". National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Archived from District.pdf the original (PDF) on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2013-04-02. `{{cite web}}`: Check `|url=` value (help)
* Osborne, Patrick L. (2012-02-09). *Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological Concepts*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-17734-4. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
* "Ruhango Administrative Map". National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Archived from District.pdf the original (PDF) on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2013-04-02. `{{cite web}}`: Check `|url=` value (help)
* "Rusumo hydroelectric power project to start". 25 February 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2013-04-04. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
* "Rwanda Mission Report" (PDF). UN-HABITAT. November 2007. Retrieved 2013-04-04.

## InfoBox

| Mwogo River | |
| --- | --- |
| Mwogo River in the Kagera catchment (center left) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Rwanda |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| coordinates | 2°12′31″S 29°33′42″E / 2.208477°S 29.561634°E / -2.208477; 29.561634 |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Nyabarongo River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Rukarara River, Mbirurume River |


title: Mycena alcalina

abstract: Mycena alcalina, commonly known as the alkaline mycena, or stump fairy helmet mushroom, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It grows widely, ranging from North America to Europe.

text:
# Mycena alcalina

| *Mycena alcalina*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **conical** |
|  | Hymenium is **adnate** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** |
|  | Spore print is **white** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is edible, but **unpalatable** |

***Mycena alcalina***, commonly known as the **alkaline mycena**, or **stump fairy helmet** mushroom, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It grows widely, ranging from North America to Europe.

## Taxonomy

*Mycena* is a genus of saprotrophic mushroom. The name "*Mycena*" comes from the Ancient Greek μύκης, or *mykes*, meaning "mushroom." It is characterized by a white/grey spore print, small conical (bell-shaped) cap, and very thin stem. The genus *Mycena* is fairly large and includes many species including *Mycena alcalina*, Mycena leptocephala, Mycena austera, and Mycena brevipes. Species found in the genus *Mycena* are typically known as *bonnets*.

## Description

The cap of *Mycena alcalina* ranges from conical to bell shaped and is generally 1–4 cm in diameter. The cap is supported by a thin, hollow stem growing anywhere from 20–65mm long. The cap appears black at first, but fades to a grey-brown colour around the edges, with the stem generally being the same colour as the cap. The flesh of *Mycena alcalina* ranges from white to translucent and is fragile and thin. This species of mushroom is edible, but it has a mild acrid taste and distinct bleach-like odour, making it unpleasant to eat.

## Habitat and distribution

*Mycena alcalina* is saprotrophic, meaning it derives nutrients from the breakdown of organic materials through use of extracellular enzymes. This particular species is found most often growing on the wood of coniferous trees. It can typically be found growing during the early summer and fall. Its geography is fairly widespread, being found in both North America and Europe. In North America, it grows predominately on the western coast. It can be found in habitats ranging from the old growth forests of British Columbia, throughout Washington and Oregon. It can also be found in other states, including Montana, Idaho, Maryland and Virginia. It is also found throughout Europe, generally growing in densely forested areas including Britain, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain.

## Mycoremediation

Mycoremediation, a form of bioremediation, is the process of using fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants in the environment. Some types of fungi are hyperaccumulators, and are capable of absorbing and concentrating heavy metals within the fruiting bodies. Some mushrooms produce large amounts of extracellular enzymes, which break down the toxins and render them inert or less dangerous. In the case of *Mycena alcalina*, it is believed that the bleach-like odor is due to this species ability to break down chlorinated compounds. There has also been recent research done with *M. alcalina* indicating it also has the ability to break down brominated compounds

## InfoBox

| *Mycena alcalina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Mycenaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycena* |
| Species: | ***M. alcalina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycena alcalina***<br>(Pers.) Gillet | |
|


title: Grooverville Methodist Church

abstract: Grooverville Methodist Church is a historic church in Grooverville, Georgia. It was first established on the plantation of William H. Ramsey in 1832. It became the largest church on a circuit that included Grooverville, Georgia; Prospect, Georgia; Beulah, Georgia and Hickory Head, Georgia. Ramsey had three grandsons who became Methodist ministers in Georgia conferences. It is now privately owned. Before the existing church was constructed a brush arbor was used and then a log church was built on the road to St. Marks and the church was named Lebanon Church. The church's location was moved to Grooverville in 1856 when Malachi Groover deeded one acre of land to Richard Ramsey, M. W. Linton and W. R. Joiner as Trustees for construction of the church. Linton prepared the lumber and carpenters from his plantation constructed it. The name of the church was changed from Lebanon to Grooverville.

text:
# Grooverville Methodist Church

30°43′20″N 83°43′37″W / 30.7223°N 83.727°W / 30.7223; -83.727 **Grooverville Methodist Church** is a historic church in Grooverville, Georgia. It was first established on the plantation of William H. Ramsey in 1832 (about 4+12 miles southwest of the church's present location). It became the largest church on a circuit that included Grooverville, Georgia; Prospect, Georgia; Beulah, Georgia and Hickory Head, Georgia. Ramsey had three grandsons who became Methodist ministers in Georgia conferences. It is now privately owned.

Before the existing church was constructed a brush arbor was used and then a log church was built on the road to St. Marks and the church was named **Lebanon Church**. The church's location was moved to Grooverville in 1856 when Malachi Groover deeded one acre of land to Richard Ramsey, M. W. Linton and W. R. Joiner as Trustees for construction of the church. Linton prepared the lumber and carpenters from his plantation constructed it. The name of the church was changed from Lebanon to Grooverville.


title: Vladimir Duma

abstract: Vladimir Duma is a former Ukrainian racing cyclist. He rode in 6 Grand Tours.

text:
# Vladimir Duma

**Vladimir Duma** (Ukrainian: **Володимир Дума**, born 2 March 1972 in Khust) is a former Ukrainian racing cyclist. He rode in 6 Grand Tours.

## Palmares

1993 1st Stage 7 Peace Race 1996 1st Stage 2 Giro d'Abruzzo 1997 1st Coppa Colli Briantei Internazionale 1st Gran Premio Città di Felino 3rd Piccolo Giro di Lombardia 1998  National Road Race Champion 1st Stage 6 Tour de Suisse 1999 1st Stage 5 Giro d'Abruzzo 2000 2nd Giro d'Abruzzo 1st Stage 2 2001 3rd Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi 2002 1st Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato 2003 1st Stage 4 Regio-Tour 2004 2nd National Road Race Championships 3rd Tre Valli Varesine 2006 1st Tour of Japan 1st Stage 2 3rd Giro di Toscana 2007 3rd Circuit de la Sarthe 2010 1st Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour 3rd Pomerania Tour

## InfoBox

Vladimir Duma
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1972-03-02) March 2, 1972<br>Khust, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 1998–2002 | Scrigno–Gaerne |
| 2003–2004 | Landbouwkrediet–Colnago |
| 2005–2006 | Universal Caffè-Styloffice |
| 2007–2009 | Ceramica Flaminia |
| 2010 | Romet Weltour Dębica |
|  | |


title: My Shit (Scribe song)

abstract: "My Shit" is a song from Scribe's second studio album, Rhyme Book. It was the first single from the album in New Zealand, and the second in Australia. The song was released in both countries on 11 August 2007. The song's lyrics contain references to the end of the world.

text:
# My Shit (Scribe song)

**"My Shit"** is a song from Scribe's second studio album, *Rhyme Book*. It was the first single from the album in New Zealand, and the second in Australia. The song was released in both countries on 11 August 2007. The song's lyrics contain references to the end of the world.

## Critical reception

*The Dominion Post*'s reviewer said that "My Shit" sounds "like an aural business card...\[and\]...a very weak version of 50 Cent". Jody Macgregor of Allmusic and Rebecca Barry from *The New Zealand Herald* called the song "a second-rate sequel to...'Not Many'", reusing its theme.

## Video

The music video for "My Shit" was directed by Chris Graham, and premiered on 12 August 2007 on New Zealand music channel C4. The video features many New Zealand celebrities and key locations of downtown Auckland, New Zealand. The end of the video features a short snippet of his second New Zealand release, "F.R.E.S.H.".

## Chart performance

"My Shit" debuted on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number six, rising to its peak position of number four two weeks later. It fell off the chart after a total of nine weeks.

## Track listing

## InfoBox

| "My Shit" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Scribe | |
| from the album  *Rhyme Book* | |
| Released | 11 August 2007 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 4:26 |
| Label | Dirty Records, Warner Music |
| Songwriter(s) | 10Aciouss |
| Producer(s) | 10Aciouss |
| Scribe singles chronology | |
| "Dreaming" / "So Nice"
(2004) "**My Shit**"
(2007) "F.R.E.S.H."
(2007) | |


title: My Short Stories

abstract: My Short Stories is the first B-side compilation album by the popular Japanese singer-songwriter Yui that was released on November 12, 2008. This album contains all the past B sides of her past singles and a new song titled "I'll be". The album is certified platinum by RIAJ for shipment of 250,000 copies in Japan. My Short Stories will be reissue in Blu-Spec CD format with limited press on September 2, 2009. The album title, My Short Stories' message is "Zutto kono Arubamu wo tsukuritakute, sono monogatari wa, YUI kara hajimatta" (ずっと　このアルバムを　作りたくて、その物語は　YUIから　始まった) which means in English "I have always wanted to make this album. This short story is all started from YUI."

text:
# My Short Stories

***My Short Stories*** is the first B-side compilation album by the popular Japanese singer-songwriter Yui that was released on November 12, 2008. This album contains all the past B sides of her past singles and a new song titled "I'll be".

The album is certified platinum by RIAJ for shipment of 250,000 copies in Japan.

My Short Stories will be reissue in Blu-Spec CD format with limited press on September 2, 2009.

The album title, My Short Stories' message is "Zutto kono Arubamu wo tsukuritakute, sono monogatari wa, YUI kara hajimatta" (ずっと このアルバムを 作りたくて、その物語は YUIから 始まった) which means in English "I have always wanted to make this album. This short story is all started from YUI."

## Track listing

Normal Edition

All lyrics are written by Yui; all music is composed by Yui

CD
| No. | Title | Arranger(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'll be" | Northa+ | 3:32 |
| 2. | "Help" | Yui | 3:30 |
| 3. | "Last Train" | Hideyuki "Daichi"Suzuki | 4:41 |
| 4. | "Winter Hot Music" | Northa+ | 3:06 |
| 5. | "Jam" | Shigezo | 3:05 |
| 6. | "Skyline" | Akihisa Matsuura | 3:49 |
| 7. | "Free Bird" | Suzuki | 2:55 |
| 8. | "I Wanna Be..." | Northa+ | 3:25 |
| 9. | "Oh My God" | Northa+ | 2:45 |
| 10. | "Cloudy" | Northa+ | 3:26 |
| 11. | "Driving Today" | Northa+ | 3:08 |
| 12. | "Understand" | Northa+ | 3:33 |
| 13. | "Crossroad" | Suzuki | 3:54 |
| 14. | "It's Happy Line" | Suzuki | 3:19 |
| 15. | "Why Me" | Suzuki | 4:05 |

Limited Edition

Normal Edition + DVD

DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'll Be" (Music video) |  |
| 2. | "Understand" (Music video) |  |
| 3. | "Jam" (Music video) |  |

Yui 3rd Tour "oui" ~I Loved Yesterday~ Premium Edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 4. | "Opening" |  |
| 5. | "No Way" |  |
| 6. | "Day Dreamer" |  |
| 7. | "Street live at Sapporo" |  |
| 8. | "Namidairo" |  |
| 9. | "Am I Wrong?" |  |
| 10. | "Street live at Sendai" |  |
| 11. | "Love Is All" |  |
| 12. | "Tomorrow's Way" |  |
| 13. | "Street live at Hiroshima" |  |
| 14. | "Good-bye Days" |  |
| 15. | "Ending" |  |

### "I'll Be"

"I'll Be" was chosen for the commercial song of Sony Walkman NW-S638FK Series and its promotion campaign named, "Play You". Yui did a school live in Omiya Koryo High School in Saitama Prefecture, Japan with the orchestra of the school for this campaign. The footage of this event was released in her next single, Again Limited Edition. Later, "I'll be" was again released as an orchestra mix version. Yui filmed another commercial for Sony Walkman with this live event. This school live was aired on NTV program *Dare Mo Shiranai Nakeru Uta* (誰も知らない泣ける歌 Unknown songs that can make you cry) on 18 February 2009. The message for this campaign is "Itsudatte tonari de utau yo. Ongaku ga areba hitotsu ni nareru ne" (いつだって となりで 歌うよ。 音楽が あれば 一つに 慣れる ね。) which mean in English "I will always sing next to you. If there is music, we can all become one."

## Sales charts (Japan)

### Oricon sales charts

| Release | Chart | Peak position | First week sales | Sales total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 12, 2008 | Oricon Daily Chart | 1 |  |  |
| | Oricon Weekly Chart | 1 | 173,741 | 269,366 |
| | Oricon Monthly Chart | 3 |  |  |
| | Oricon Yearly Chart | 43 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| My Short Stories | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Yui | |
| Released | November 12, 2008 |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | Pop, pop rock |
| Label | Sony Music Japan, Studioseven Recordings |
| Yui chronology | |
| *I Loved Yesterday*
(2008) ***My Short Stories***
(2008) *Holidays in the Sun*
(2010) | |


title: Virginie de Ternant

abstract: Marie Virginie de Ternant, née Trahan, was the owner and manager of the Parlange Plantation, near New Roads, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. It was through her strong personality, diplomacy and charm that she saved the house from destruction throughout its occupation by both the Union and Confederate armies during the American Civil War.

text:
# Virginie de Ternant

**Marie Virginie de Ternant**, *née* Trahan (August 16, 1818  November 7, 1887), was the owner and manager of the Parlange Plantation, near New Roads, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. It was through her strong personality, diplomacy and charm that she saved the house from destruction throughout its occupation by both the Union and Confederate armies during the American Civil War.

## Background

She was the second wife of Claude Vincent de Ternant, whose grandfather had built the plantation house in 1750 on the property obtained by a French land grant. She had three surviving children from this marriage. Through Marie Virginie, her eldest daughter, she was the grandmother of the celebrated Parisian socialite, Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, who was the subject of John Singer Sargent's painting "Portrait of Madame X".

Her second husband was Colonel Charles Parlange from whom her home derived its name. By him she had one son, Charles Parlange.

As the Union Army led by General Nathaniel Banks was approaching Parlange, Virginie, by that time a widow and the manager of the plantation, ordered her slaves to bury three chests of treasure estimated at between one third and a half million dollars in gold and silver coins. One of these chests has never been found.

Virginie, who was responsible for Parlange's reputation for elegance by her addition of rich, beautiful furnishings and portraits, is described as "the chief personality for Parlange Plantation's greatness".

## Marriages and children

Marie Virginie Trahan was born on August 16, 1818, in St Martinville, Louisiana, the daughter of Leufroy Joseph Trahan (1797-?) and Julie Ardoin (April 12, 1795 – April 8, 1827) who were both white French Créoles. She had two younger sisters, Marie Eriphile and Ameline. She lost her mother when she was eight years old. At the age of 15, she married her second cousin and guardian, Claude Vincent de Ternant. She was his second wife, with his first marriage to Dorothee Legros having been childless. The marriage between Claude and Virginie produced three surviving children:

* Marius Claude de Ternant (1836–1861)
* Marie Virginie de Ternant (1837 - 1910), married Anatole Placide Avegno (July 3, 1835 - April 1862), by whom she had children, including Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, better known as "Madame X".
* Julie Eriphile de Ternant (born 1837, died as a young woman)

Out of her three children who lived past childhood, only her eldest daughter, Marie Virginie, survived to marry and have children of her own. Virginie's son Marius lived a dissolute life and died at the age of 25, while her youngest daughter Julie was accidentally killed by smashing her head into an oak tree. It was alleged that she was running away from home to escape the planned marriage that her parents had arranged for her.

Following her husband's death in 1842, she married a Frenchman, Charles Parlange, who served as a colonel in the French Army. It was he who gave the plantation its name. Together they had one son, Charles (July 23, 1851 – February 4, 1907), who would enjoy a distinguished political career as a state senator, United States Attorney, Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana, Associate Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court, and United States federal judge. By his wife, Louise Denis, he was the father of three children.

Virginie and her second husband spent much of their married life in New Orleans and Paris.

## Parlange Plantation

Virginie's first husband, Claude de Ternant, upon inheriting the 10,000-acre (40 km2) plantation from his father, switched from growing indigo to sugarcane and cotton. Virginie lavished great care on the decoration of the home, adding opulent furnishings, and many family portraits; through her efforts, Parlange Plantation acquired renown throughout Louisiana for beauty and elegance. A full-length portrait of Virginie was painted in France by Claude-Marie Dubufe.

When the American Civil War broke out in April 1861, Virginie, who was widowed for a second time and living in Paris, returned to Louisiana. In 1864, after she had received word that the Union Army was approaching, she hid her furniture, portraits, priceless silver, china, jewelry and clothing. She and her son, Charles placed the Parlange treasure into three large wooden chests; this was estimated to have been between one third and a half million dollars in gold and silver coins. She ordered two of her most trusted black slaves to bury the chests in the garden. When the Union troops led by General Nathaniel Banks arrived at Parlange, she greeted them warmly, inviting the officers to a lavish banquet and allowing the general and his aide to sleep inside the house, while the soldiers were encamped in her formal gardens. The Union Army used her home for their headquarters; and it was through Virginie's tact and charm, which impressed General Banks and his men, that her home was spared destruction. When Confederate General Richard Taylor and his troops later came, she offered them the same warm hospitality.

At the end of the war, she retrieved her hidden valuables; only one of the chests containing the coins could not be found. It remains lost to this day.

The plantation's fortunes were, however, nearly depleted after the war, and she was compelled to make her own clothing. In 1867, her widowed daughter, Marie Virginie Avegno took her eight-year-old child, Virginie Amélie Avegno to Paris where they ensconced themselves in the highest echelons of Parisian society. The latter eventually became a socialite, married a French banker and shipping magnate; and earned notoriety as the subject of John Singer Sargent's painting, "Portrait of Madame X".

After Virginie's death on November 7, 1887, the plantation house remained empty for 20 years until her grandson Walter Parlange returned to take up the life of a plantation farmer. As of 2014, her direct descendants continue to live at Parlange Plantation.

## In fiction

The history of Virginie de Ternant and the Parlange Plantation has been the inspiration for the Bagatelle Plantation and the heroine Virginie Tregan in the novel *Louisiane* by Maurice Denuzière.

### General references

* Jude Theriot, *La Meilleure de la Louisiane: The Best of Louisiana*, p. 4, retrieved 18 March 2010
* The Preservation Channel, Louisiana Folklore: The Treasure That is Parlange*, retrieved 18 March 2010*


title: Gređani, Brod-Posavina County

abstract: Gređani is a village in Croatia.

text:
# Gređani, Brod-Posavina County

**Gređani** is a village in Croatia.

## InfoBox

| Gređani | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Gređani | |
| Coordinates: 45°12′50″N 17°10′44″E / 45.21389°N 17.17889°E / 45.21389; 17.17889 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Brod-Posavina County |
| Municipality | Stara Gradiška |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.4 km2 (9.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 105 |
| Density | 4.1/km2 (11/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: My World Fell Down

abstract: "My World Fell Down" is a song written by John Carter and Geoff Stephens, and first recorded by the English pop rock band the Ivy League, on Pye Records, in 1966. The song was covered a year later by the American sunshine pop group Sagittarius, whose version charted on the Billboard Hot 100. Sagittarius's version of the composition has remained highly sought after among record collectors for its close resemblance to the Pet Sounds-era Beach Boys.

text:
# My World Fell Down

"**My World Fell Down**" is a song written by John Carter and Geoff Stephens, and first recorded by the English pop rock band the Ivy League, on Pye Records, in 1966. The song was covered a year later by the American sunshine pop group Sagittarius, whose version charted on the *Billboard* Hot 100. Sagittarius's version of the composition has remained highly sought after among record collectors for its close resemblance to the *Pet Sounds*-era Beach Boys.

## Background

| "My World Fell Down" | |
| --- | --- |
| 1967 Danish picture sleeve. | |
| Single by Sagittarius | |
| from the album  *Present Tense* | |
| B-side | "Libra" |
| Released | June 1967 |
| Recorded | 1967 |
| Genre | Baroque pop |
| Length | 3:37 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | John Carter, Geoff Stephens |
| Producer(s) | Gary Usher |
| Sagittarius singles chronology | |
| "**My World Fell Down**"
(1967) "Another Time"
(1967) | |

The Ivy League, a Beach Boys-inspired band led by John Carter, recorded "My World Fell Down" in 1966, and scored a minor hit in the UK. In its original form, the song is reminiscent of the Turtles' hit tune "Happy Together", with a minor-key string-led verse, and baroque instrumental breaks. Upon hearing the band's composition, record producer Gary Usher was convinced that he could rearrange "My World Fell Down" into a major commercial success, with a duo he was then-currently producing, Chad & Jeremy. However, the two refused to record another musical artist's song, leaving Usher without a willing participant to record "My World Fell Down". Undeterred, Usher recruited Los Angeles session musicians, along with longtime friends Glen Campbell and Bruce Johnston, and songwriter Curt Boettcher to record the song under the moniker Sagittarius.

Usher's reworking of the composition was arranged in the same vein as the Ivy League's original recording; however, Usher also adapted his influences from producing the Beach Boys into the song. The quasi-classical pop keyboards and string arrangements draw comparisons from the group's albums *Pet Sounds* and *Smile*, particularly the song "Good Vibrations". Campbell's lead vocals on the melancholy verses likewise are comparable to Brian Wilson's singing, and the vocal harmonies are much like those heard at the end of the instrumental break on the Beach Boys' tune. Music historian Richie Unterberger, speaking about "My World Fell Down"'s most unusual quality, says "The instrumental break is downright weird for a 1967 pop record, with an extended wordless vocal chorus eventually stopping and giving way to a way-extended *musique concrète* break of carnival and crowd noises, as if the world is mocking the narrator's heartbreak". Usher, after "My World Fell Down" was released, concluded that this collage of sounds was too experimental to have a serious opportunity to be Top 40 hit.

In June 1967, the song was released as the A-side to Sagittarius's debut single, and reached number 70 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and number 48 in Canada. When "My World Fell Down" was issued on the band's first album, *Present Tense*, the song lacked the same artistic statement that the musique concrète section delivered to the composition as it was removed from it altogether. Due to the obvious influences taken from Wilson's work on *Pet Sounds* and *Smile*, "My World Fell Down" is regularly described as "the best single the Beach Boys never made", and one of Usher's most accomplished masterpieces. In 1972, the song was recognized on the groundbreaking compilation album *Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968*.

## InfoBox

| "My World Fell Down" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by The Ivy League | |
| B-side | "When You're Young" |
| Released | 1966 |
| Recorded | 1966 |
| Length | 2:51 |
| Label | Pye |
| Songwriter(s) | John Carter, Geoff Stephens |
| Producer(s) | Terry Kennedy |
| The Ivy League singles chronology | |
| "Funny How Love Can Be"
(1965) "**My World Fell Down**"
(1966) "Running 'Round in Circles"
(1966) | |


title: My World (Sick Puppies song)

abstract: "My World" is a song released by Australian rock band Sick Puppies 2007 album Dressed Up as Life. It was released as a single on 23 October 2007.

text:
# My World (Sick Puppies song)

"**My World**" is a song released by Australian rock band Sick Puppies 2007 album *Dressed Up as Life*. It was released as a single on 23 October 2007.

## Music video

The music video for the song features the band performing, as well as singer/guitarist Shimon Moore giving money to two homeless men, and in return being physically abused by them (a symbol of Moore trying to do good yet getting hurt in return). It also shows bassist Emma Anzai drawing plastic surgery incision marks on herself. It was filmed in the original basement used to film the movie *Fight Club*.

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks | 20 |
|

## InfoBox

| "My World" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Sick Puppies | |
| from the album  *Dressed Up as Life* | |
| Released | 23 October 2007 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:03 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Songwriter(s) | Tim Price, Emma Anzai, Shimon Moore, Antonina Armato |
| Producer(s) | Rock Mafia (Tim James, Antonina Armato) |
| Sick Puppies singles chronology | |
| "All the Same"
(2006) "**My World**"
(2007) "Killing Myself for Christmas"
(2007) | |


title: Groningen Europapark railway station

abstract: Groningen Europapark is an unstaffed railway station in Groningen in the Netherlands. It is situated on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Groningen and Kropswolde and on the Meppel–Groningen railway between Haren and Groningen. It was opened in 2007 and rebuilt in 2012. Local train services are operated by Arriva and Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

text:
# Groningen Europapark railway station

**Groningen Europapark** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ˈɣroːnɪŋən øːˈroːpaːˌpɑr(ə)k, -ŋə ʔøː-\]; abbreviation: Gerp) is an unstaffed railway station in Groningen in the Netherlands. It is situated on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Groningen and Kropswolde and on the Meppel–Groningen railway between Haren and Groningen. It was opened in 2007 and rebuilt in 2012. Local train services are operated by Arriva and Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

## Location

The station is located at 53°12′18″N 06°35′04″E / 53.20500°N 6.58444°E / 53.20500; 6.58444 in the neighbourhood of Europapark, part of the city of Groningen, in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. It is near the Euroborg football stadium.

The station is situated on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between the railway stations of Groningen and Kropswolde, and on the Meppel–Groningen railway between the railway stations of Haren and Groningen.

## History

The part of the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Groningen and Nieuweschans was opened in 1868 and the Meppel–Groningen railway was opened in 1870. Groningen Europapark was opened with a temporary station on 1 October 2007. Since the opening, train services on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway are provided by Arriva and on the Meppel–Groningen railway by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen. A new permanent station was opened on 10 December 2012.

## Building

The station was designed by Nienke van de Lune and Peter Heideman.

## Train services

| Route | Service type | Operator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Zwolle - Meppel - Groningen | Local ("Sprinter") | NS | 2x per hour - On Sundays, this train operates 1x per hour until 16:00, then 2x per hour after |
| Groningen - Haren - Assen | Local ("Sprinter") | NS | 2x per hour - rush hours only. |
| Groningen - Hoogezand-Sappemeer - Zuidbroek - Veendam | Local ("Stoptrein") | Arriva | 2x per hour - 1x per hour on evenings and Sundays. |
| Groningen - Hoogezand-Sappemeer - Zuidbroek - Winschoten - Bad Nieuweschans - Leer (Germany) | Local ("Stoptrein") | Arriva | 1x per hour |
| Groningen - Hoogezand-Sappemeer - Zuidbroek - Winschoten (- Bad Nieuweschans) | Local ("Stoptrein") | Arriva | 1x per hour - 1x per 2 hours on Sundays. During morning rush hour and on evenings, a couple of runs run through to Bad Nieuweschans. |

## Bus services

| Line | Route | Operator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Groningen Europapark - UMCG - Station Noord - Paddepoel - Zernike - P+R Reitdiep | Qbuzz | No service after 21:30 (weekdays), 19:30 (Saturdays) and on Sundays. |
| 12 | Groningen Hoofdstation (main station) - Europapark - Euvelgunne - Eemspoort - P+R Meerstad - P+R Kardinge | Qbuzz | Rush hours only, with a few extra runs between 14:00 and the start of the afternoon rush hour. |
| 28 | Groningen Hoofdstation (main station) - Centrum (Downtown) - UMCG - Noordlease Stadion (stadium) | Qbuzz | Only operates on Saturday evenings during match games in the stadium. This bus is free-to-use after showing the match ticket to the bus operator. |
| 174 | (Groningen - Westerbroek - Hoogezand - Sappemeer -) Zuidbroek - Muntendam - Veendam | Qbuzz and Taxi De Grooth | The route between Groningen and Zuidbroek is only served during rush hours. No service after 22:50 (weekdays), on Saturday evenings (entirely), Sunday mornings and after 22:20 (Sunday evenings). |

## InfoBox

| Groningen Europapark | |
| --- | --- |
| Groningen Europapark railway station in 2013 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Verlengde Lodewijkstraat
Groningen, Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 53°12′18″N 06°35′04″E / 53.20500°N 6.58444°E / 53.20500; 6.58444 |
| Operated by | NS Stations |
| Line(s) | Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway
Meppel–Groningen railway |
| Platforms | 4 |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Train operators | Arriva
Nederlandse Spoorwegen |
| Construction | |
| Architect | Nienke van de Lune, Peter Heideman |
| Other information | |
| Station code | Gerp |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 October 2007 (2007-10-01) |
| Rebuilt | 10 December 2012 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Arriva Following station  GroningenTerminus  Stoptrein 20100  Kropswoldetowards Leer  Stoptrein 37500  Kropswoldetowards Bad Nieuweschans  Stoptrein 37800  Kropswoldetowards Veendam  Preceding station  Nederlandse Spoorwegen Following station  Harentowards Zwolle  NS Sprinter 8100  GroningenTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Groningen EuropaparkLocation within the Dutch railway network | |


title: Myopalladin

abstract: Myopalladin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYPN gene. Myopalladin is a muscle protein responsible for tethering proteins at the Z-disc and for communicating between the sarcomere and the nucleus in cardiac and skeletal muscle

text:
# Myopalladin

**Myopalladin** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *MYPN* gene. Myopalladin is a muscle protein responsible for tethering proteins at the Z-disc and for communicating between the sarcomere and the nucleus in cardiac and skeletal muscle

## Structure

Myopalladin is a 145.2 kDa protein composed of 1320 amino acids. Myopalladin has five Ig-like repeats within the protein, and a proline-rich domain. Myopalladin binds the Src homology domain of nebulette and nebulin and tethers it to alpha-actinin via its C-terminal domain binding to the EF hand domains of alpha-actinin. The N-terminal region of myopalladin binds to the nuclear protein CARP, known to regulate gene expression in muscle. It also has been shown to bind ANKRD23.

## Function

Myopalladin has dual subcellular localization, residing in both the nucleus and sarcomere/I-bands in muscle. Accordingly, myopalladin has functions in both sarcomere assembly and in control of gene expression. Specifics of these functions were gleaned from studies involving *MYPN* mutants associated with various cardiomyopathies. The Q529X myopalladin mutant demonstrated incompetence in recruiting key binding partners such as desmin, alpha-actinin and CARP to the Z-disc during myofibrilogenesis. In contrast, the Y20C mutant resulted in decreased expression of binding partners.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in *MYPN* have been linked to nemaline myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| MYPN | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | MYPN, CMD1DD, CMH22, MYOP, RCM4, myopalladin, NEM11 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 608517; MGI: 1916052; HomoloGene: 23778; GeneCards: MYPN; OMA:MYPN - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001256267
NM\_001256268
NM\_032578   NM\_182992   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001243196
NP\_001243197
NP\_115967   NP\_892037   Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 68.09 – 68.21 Mb Chr 10: 62.95 – 63.04 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Greg Tait

abstract: Greg Tait is an Indigenous Australian actor, and musician. He is also a former policeman who sits on some Indigenous committees. His acting credits include the role of Texas in the award winning 2011 film, Mad Bastards, Satellite Boy and a recurring role in the series Firebite.

text:
# Greg Tait

**Greg Tait** is an Indigenous Australian actor, and musician. He is also a former policeman who sits on some Indigenous committees. His acting credits include the role of Texas in the award winning 2011 film, *Mad Bastards*, *Satellite Boy* and a recurring role in the series *Firebite*.

## Background

Originally from Halls Creek in the East Kimberley, Western Australia, he is an established singer on the Kimberley Country Music scene. His debut album was *Silver Stallion*. Up until his acting debut, he had a long career as a policeman. He had no real acting experience, but *Mad Bastards'* director Brendan Fletcher who was looking for a larger than life character came across him and selected him for the role. Tait took time off his law enforcement job to work with Fletcher.

Leaving school at the age of 12, he spent time in and out of jail and ended up with a criminal record. Fathering a child at 18, he ended up joining the Army Reserves which put him in a different direction. At 21, he was an Aboriginal Police Liaison Officer. He gave up drinking in 1990. As a policeman, he has had to lock up close family members including his sister and brother. He was a policeman for 17 years in Western Australia. He was interviewed by *Deadly Vibe* magazine regarding his life experiences and the role in the film.

He is a senior member of the Ngarrawanji native title claim group. He is also the vice-president of The Kimberley Stolen Generation Aboriginal Corporation (KSGAC).

## Film work

Playing the burly local policeman in *Mad Bastards* which is set in a small Kimberley town, he tries to keep the peace with locals as well as within his own family. He also forms a men's group. In the film, he is the grandfather of the boy Bullet who is being sought out by his father TJ (played by Dean Daley-Jones). The grandson is in trouble so rather than send him to detention, he sends him to a camp for a couple of weeks. Texas and TJ eventually have a physical confrontation.

He had a role in the film, *Satellite Boy* which also starred David Gulpilil, Cameron Wallaby, Joseph Pedley and Dean Daley-Jones.

He played the role of Smokey in the Australian series *Firebite* which ran from 2021 to 2022.

## Filmography

Film
| Title | Role | Director | Year | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Mad Bastards* | Texas | Brendan Fletcher | 2010 |  |
| *Satellite Boy* | Aboriginal Liaison | Catriona McKenzie | 2012 |  |
|

Television
| Title | Episode | Role | Director | Year | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Firebite* | "The Last Bloodhunter" | Smokey | Warwick Thornton | 2021 |  |
| *Firebite* | "We Don't Go Down" | Smokey | Warwick Thornton | 2021 |  |
| *Firebite* | "I Wanna Go Home" | Smokey | Tony Krawitz | 2022 |  |
| *Firebite* | "The Bastard King" | Smokey | Tony Krawitz | 2022 |  |
| *Firebite* | "Hero's Life" | Smokey | Brendan Fletcher | 2022 |  |
| *Firebite* | "The Rise of the Fallen" | Smokey | Brendan Fletcher | 2022 |  |
|

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Greg Tait | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, musician, businessman, former policeman |


title: Vitamin Smith

abstract: Verda T. "Vitamin" Smith Jr. was a National Football League (NFL) running back for the Los Angeles Rams from 1949 through 1953. Smith served in the United States Army and participated in the Battle of Normandy before enrolling at Abilene Christian University where he sprinted, threw javelin and played college football for the Wildcats. In the NFL, Smith was a return specialist. In 1950, he set a record by returning three kicks for touchdowns in a single season. That record would stand until 1967. Verda T. Smith married Myra Pearce, daughter of Mr. and Mr.s Herman F. Pearce, in Ventura, California on August 15, 1946. He was a student at Abilene Christian College at the time.

text:
# Vitamin Smith

**Verda T. "Vitamin" Smith Jr.** (October 30, 1923 – February 14, 2000) was a National Football League (NFL) running back for the Los Angeles Rams from 1949 through 1953.

Smith served in the United States Army and participated in the Battle of Normandy before enrolling at Abilene Christian University where he sprinted, threw javelin and played college football for the Wildcats. In the NFL, Smith was a return specialist. In 1950, he set a record by returning three kicks for touchdowns in a single season. That record would stand until 1967.

Verda T. Smith married Myra Pearce, daughter of Mr. and Mr.s Herman F. Pearce, in Ventura, California on August 15, 1946. He was a student at Abilene Christian College at the time.

## InfoBox

Vitamin Smith
| Smith on a 1952 Bowman football card | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 77 | |
| Position: | Halfback |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1923-10-30)October 30, 1923
Sweetwater, Texas, U.S. |
| Died: | February 14, 2000(2000-02-14) (aged 76)
Lake Dallas, Texas, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) |
| Weight: | 179 lb (81 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Sweetwater (TX)
Ventura (CA) |
| College: | Abilene Christian |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 669  Receiving yards: 1,025  Kick return yards: 1,453  Punt return yards: 814  Total touchdowns: 23 | |
|  | |


title: Voduce

abstract: Voduce is a dispersed settlement south of Slivnica pri Celju, in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

text:
# Voduce

**Voduce** (pronounced \[ˈʋoːdutsɛ\]) is a dispersed settlement south of Slivnica pri Celju, in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

## InfoBox

| Voduce | |
| --- | --- |
| VoduceLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°9′42.43″N 15°25′29.9″E / 46.1617861°N 15.424972°E / 46.1617861; 15.424972 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Savinja |
| Municipality | Šentjur |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.58 km2 (1.00 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 400.6 m (1,314.3 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 161 |
| Density | 62/km2 (160/sq mi) |
|  | |


title: My Teenage Wedding

abstract: My Teenage Wedding is a Canadian reality television series broadcast on Slice. Viewers follow producers "behind the scenes of Canada's teen weddings, following teenage couples as they leap headfirst into a very adult world of matrimony. When the big day approaches, the teen brides-and-grooms-to-be soon come to realize that marriage isn't as simple as saying 'I do'." The show premiered on May 31, 2012 and covers the weddings of teenagers from various different lifestyles. The first season had twelve episodes and concluded on January 31, 2013. Hashtag Gay Wedding received attention for being about same sex marriage. The couple in the episode, David Harris and Tre'Darrius Anderson, was described as possibly being "America's youngest black gay married couple." "Everyone thinks they're too young to get married, but they don't care! Convinced that their love is forever, these teens will stop at nothing to walk down the aisle." "From touching moments, to outrageous meltdowns, this exciting...series follows their journey from teenage romance to grown up commitment as they discover that it's a bumpy road to happily ever after."

text:
# My Teenage Wedding

***My Teenage Wedding*** is a Canadian reality television series broadcast on Slice. Viewers follow producers "behind the scenes of Canada's teen weddings, following teenage couples as they leap headfirst into a very adult world of matrimony. When the big day approaches, the teen brides-and-grooms-to-be soon come to realize that marriage isn't as simple as saying 'I do'." The show premiered on May 31, 2012 and covers the weddings of teenagers from various different lifestyles. The first season had twelve episodes and concluded on January 31, 2013. *Hashtag Gay Wedding* received attention for being about same sex marriage. The couple in the episode, David Harris and Tre'Darrius Anderson, was described as possibly being "America's youngest black gay married couple."

"Everyone thinks they're too young to get married, but they don't care! Convinced that their love is forever, these teens will stop at nothing to walk down the aisle." "From touching moments, to outrageous meltdowns, this exciting...series follows their journey from teenage romance to grown up commitment as they discover that it's a bumpy road to happily ever after."

## Episodes

### Season 1

1. **"Teen Moroccan Matrimony"** episode 1, (aired 31 May 2012).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Sarrah (18) and Victor (18) |  |

1. **"Young, Crazy and in Love"** episode 2, (aired 31 May 2012).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Stephanie (19) and Adam (19) |  |

1. **"Teenage Wedding on a Budget**" episode 3, (aired 31 May 2012).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Catherine (19) and Daniel (19) |  |

1. **"Family Ties and Tying the Knot"** episode 4, (aired 31 May 2012).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Tyanna (18) and Jessie (19) |  |

### Season 2

1. 1 **"Bride vs. Bro"** episode 1, (aired 31 January 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Jessica (19) and Jorge (18) | A bromance threatens to put the kibosh on a wedding and grooms-men 13-year-old brother plans the bachelor party. |

1. 2 **"Shotgun Wedding"** episode 2, (aired 31 January 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Patti (19) and Mikel (19) | Problems with potential in-laws are among the obstacles faced by a 19-year-old couple, who also deal with a fight breaking out between family members at the groom's bachelor party. |

1. 3 **"Best Frenemies"** episode 3, (aired 8 February 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Rebecca (19) and Luis (19) | 19-year-old mother is marrying her child's father. Even another engagement is announced, angering the bride-to-be. |

1. **"Tantrums and Tulle"** episode 4, (aired 8 February 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Jessica (18) and Will (19) | Plans to get married meet with an overwhelming amount of disapproval; and the wedding is threatened when the groom gets drunk and avoids the bride's calls. |

1. **"Teen Dreamers"** episode 5, (aired 22 February 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Lacey (19) and Brandon (19) | Couple plan to get hitched, but the bride threatens to call things off after she learns about strippers at the bachelor party. |

1. **"Suck It Up, Buttercup"** episode 6, (aired 22 February 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Sam (19) and Rebecca (19) | Same-Sex couple plan to wed on a school day, but they need financial help in order to do so. |

1. **"Groom Meets Gown"** episode 7, (aired 1 March 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Ashley (18) and Gavin (19) | Young deeply in love couple are planning to get married despite warnings from their families. |

1. **"Ahead of The Game"** episode 8, (aired 1 March 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Kelsey (17) and Demarcus (19) | The wedding hits a roadblock when the couple learn that they need parental consent to get a marriage license. |

1. **"Web of Love"** episode 9, (aired 8 March 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Brooke (17) and Austin (19) | A groom from Georgia wants to get married after dating online for two years to his bride who lives in Oregon. |

1. **"Hashtag Gay Wedding"** episode 10, (aired 8 March 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| David (19) and Tre'Darrius (19) | Young black gay couple in Memphis plans the get married. They must encounter a number of obstacles to get married. |

1. **"Off 2 Get Hitched"** episode 11, (aired 28 March 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Leah (18) and Codey (19) | A custody battle breaks out over groom who just wants to marry his bride. |

1. **"Runaway Bride"** episode 12, (aired 28 March 2013).

| Cast | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Kendra (18) and Mark (19) | Bride ran away at younger age to be with her boyfriend. Now wants her parents to be supportive of her marriage. |

## InfoBox

| *My Teenage Wedding* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Reality |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 16 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production company | Cineflix |
| Original release | |
| Network | Slice (Canada) |
| Release | May 31, 2012 (2012-05-31) <br>() |


title: Vohitromby

abstract: Vohitromby is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 5,000 in 2001 commune census. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 0.5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are cassava, sweet potatoes, pepper and vanilla. Services provide employment for 0.5% of the population.

text:
# Vohitromby

**Vohitromby** is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 5,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 99% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 0.5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are cassava, sweet potatoes, pepper and vanilla. Services provide employment for 0.5% of the population.

## References and notes

22°52′S 47°46′E / 22.867°S 47.767°E / -22.867; 47.767

## InfoBox

| Vohitromby | |
| --- | --- |
| VohitrombyLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 22°52′S 47°46′E / 22.867°S 47.767°E / -22.867; 47.767 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Atsimo-Atsinanana |
| District | Farafangana |
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 5,000 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |