abstract: The NCAA Division II women's lacrosse tournament is a yearly single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national team champion of women's collegiate lacrosse among its Division II members in the United States, held annually since 2001. Adelphi is the most successful team, with nine national titles. Tampa are the reigning national champions, winning their first title in 2024.

text:
# NCAA Division II women's lacrosse tournament

The **NCAA Division II women's lacrosse tournament** is a yearly single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national team champion of women's collegiate lacrosse among its Division II members in the United States, held annually since 2001.

Adelphi is the most successful team, with nine national titles.

Tampa are the reigning national champions, winning their first title in 2024.

## Results

| NCAA Division II women's lacrosse tournament | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Site
(Host Team) |  | Championship Results | | |
| | | | Champion | Score | Runner-Up |
| 2001
*Details* | Easton, MA
(Stonehill) | | **C.W. Post** | 13–9 | West Chester |
| 2002
*Details* | West Chester, PA
(West Chester) | | **West Chester** | 11–6 | Stonehill |
| 2003
*Details* | Easton, MA
(Stonehill) | | **Stonehill** | 9–8 | Longwood |
| 2004
*Details* | Orlando, FL | | **Adelphi** | 12–11 | West Chester |
| 2005
*Details* | West Chester, PA
(West Chester) | | **Stonehill** (2) | 13–10 | West Chester |
| 2006
*Details* | Lisle, IL
(Benedictine) | | **Adelphi** (2) | 16–8 | West Chester |
| 2007
*Details* | Salem, VA | | **C.W. Post** (2) | 15–7 | West Chester |
| 2008
*Details* | Houston, TX | | **West Chester** (2) | 13–12 | C.W. Post |
| 2009
*Details* | Salem, VA | | **Adelphi** (3) | 16–4 | Lock Haven |
| 2010
*Details* | Gettysburg, PA | | **Adelphi** (4) | 17–7 | West Chester |
| 2011
*Details* | Garden City, NY
(Adelphi) | | **Adelphi** (5) | 17–4 | Limestone |
| 2012
*Details* | Louisville, KY
(Bellarmine) | | **C.W. Post** (3) | 17–16 | West Chester |
| 2013
*Details* | Owings Mills, MD | | **C.W. Post** (4) | 10–7 | Limestone |
| 2014
*Details* | Salem, VA | | **Adelphi** (6) | 7–5 | Lock Haven |
| 2015
*Details* | | | **Adelphi** (7) | 5–4 | Lock Haven |
| 2016
*Details* | Denver, CO
(Metro State) | | **Florida Southern** | 8-7 | Adelphi |
| 2017
*Details* | Bloomsburg, PA
(Bloomsburg) | | **Adelphi** (8) | 6-4 | Florida Southern |
| 2018
*Details* | Tampa, FL
(Tampa) | | **Le Moyne** | 16-11 | Florida Southern |
| 2019
*Details* | Allendale, MI
(Grand Valley State) | | **Adelphi** (9) | 11–5 | West Chester |
| 2020 | *Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic* | | | | |
| 2021
*Details* | Salem, VA
(Mountain East Conference) |  | **Lindenwood** | 14–12 | Queens (NC) |
| | 2022
*Details* | St. Charles, MO
(Lindenwood) | **Indianapolis** | 11–9 | East Stroudsburg |
| | 2023
*Details* | Indianapolis, IN
(Indianapolis) | **Pace** | 19–9 | West Chester |
| | 2024
*Details* | Orlando, FL | **Tampa** | 13–8 | Adelphi |
| | 2025
*Details* | Easton, MA
(Stonehill) |  |  |  |
| | | 2026
*Details* |  |  |  |

## Champions

### Active programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adelphi | 9 | 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019 |
| West Chester | 2 | 2002, 2008 |
| Tampa | 1 | 2024 |
| Pace | 1 | 2023 |
| Indianapolis | 1 | 2022 |
| Florida Southern | 1 | 2016 |

### Former programs

| Team | Titles | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *LIU Post* | 4 | 2001, 2007, 2012, 2013 |
| *Stonehill* | 2 | 2003, 2005 |
| *Le Moyne* | 1 | 2018 |
| *Lindenwood* | 1 | 2021 |

1. "Division II women's lacrosse tournament Records Book" (PDF). *NCAA*.

## InfoBox

NCAA Division II women's lacrosse tournament
| Sport | Women's college lacrosse |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2001 |
| No. of teams | 16 |
| Country | United States |
| Most recent
champion(s) | Tampa (1st) |
| Most titles | Adelphi (9) |
| TV partner(s) | ESPNU |
| Official website | NCAA.com |


title: Välkommen till förorten

abstract: Välkommen till förorten is the debut album by Swedish hip hop group The Latin Kings. It proved to be very successful in Sweden and influenced many future Swedish hip hop acts. Välkommen till förorten stayed at the Swedish Top 60 chart for 20 weeks and peaked at the 9th spot. The album also spawned the charting singles "Snubben", "De e dej jag vill ha" and "Kompisar från förr". The Latin Kings re-released the album in Spanish as Bienvenido a mi barrio in 1995 under the name Los Reyes Latinos.

text:
# Välkommen till förorten

***Välkommen till förorten*** (*Welcome to the suburbs*) is the debut album by Swedish hip hop group The Latin Kings. It proved to be very successful in Sweden and influenced many future Swedish hip hop acts. *Välkommen till förorten* stayed at the Swedish Top 60 chart for 20 weeks and peaked at the 9th spot. The album also spawned the charting singles "Snubben", "De e dej jag vill ha" and "Kompisar från förr". The Latin Kings re-released the album in Spanish as *Bienvenido a mi barrio* in 1995 under the name Los Reyes Latinos.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" (featuring DJ Tony) | 2:07 |
| 2. | "Kompisar från förr" (featuring Daddy Boastin and Leslie Coard) | 6:07 |
| 3. | "Mecka" (featuring Leaf Nuts and Desmond Foster) | 4:14 |
| 4. | "De e slut" | 0:22 |
| 5. | "De e dej ja vill ha" | 4:21 |
| 6. | "Grisen" | 0:06 |
| 7. | "Kriminell idit" | 4:11 |
| 8. | "Salsakungen" (featuring René Martinez) | 3:53 |
| 9. | "30 sekunder" | 0:49 |
| 10. | "Halva inne" (featuring Godde) | 6:38 |
| 11. | "Inte samma lika" | 0:29 |
| 12. | "Snubben" (featuring Daddy Boastin) | 5:34 |
| 13. | "Fint väder" | 3:22 |
| 14. | "Chilly White 'Beatdown'" | 0:18 |
| 15. | "Don Corleone" (featuring Jan Ekdal) | 0:38 |
| 16. | "Vem e maffia" | 3:20 |
| 17. | "Gussen" (featuring Desmond Foster) | 2:56 |
| 18. | "Välkommen till förorten" | 4:28 |
| 19. | "Krossa rasismen" | 3:49 |
| 20. | "Grisen (Transform)" | 0:06 |
| 21. | "Idiot Idiiter" | 5:51 |
| 22. | "Jag tar sönder dej" (featuring George Bravo) | 3:34 |
| Total length: | | 67:13 |

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| DagensSkiva |  |

*Välkommen till förorten* was very well received among Swedish critics and is now considered a classic Swedish hip hop album. The Latin Kings were praised for their lyrics about the Swedish society from a suburban view, both by the general public and politicians. Patrik Ekelöf of the website Dagens Skiva called the album "a milestone in Swedish music history" and "a tough and heavy dub-influenced record that described the suburban life in a way we never had heard before".

## Charts

1. "The Latin Kings "I skuggan av betongen" - dagensskiva.com". Retrieved 26 September 2016.
2. Steffen Hung. "The Latin Kings - Välkommen till förorten". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
3. Hung, Steffen. "swedishcharts.com - The Latin Kings - Snubben trodde han var cool". Retrieved 26 September 2016.
4. Steffen Hung. "The Latin Kings - Kompisar från förr". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
5. Hung, Steffen. "swedishcharts.com - The Latin Kings - De e dej jag vill ha". Retrieved 26 September 2016.

## InfoBox

| Välkommen till förorten | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Latin Kings | |
| Released | 10 May 1994 |
| Recorded | 1994 at Soundtrade Studios |
| Genre | Swedish hip hop |
| Length | 67:13 |
| Label | Warner Music Sweden |
| Producer |  |
| The Latin Kings chronology | |
| ***Välkommen till förorten***
(1994) *Bienvenido a mi barrio*
(1995) | |


title: Välta

abstract: Välta is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia. Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Pöide Parish.

text:
# Välta

**Välta** is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.

Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Pöide Parish.

58°29′N 23°09′E / 58.483°N 23.150°E / 58.483; 23.150

## InfoBox

| Välta | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Saare |
| Parish | Saaremaa |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: ND Ilhéu da Mina

abstract: The ND Ilhéu da Mina is a dredger and freighter operated by Açores Madeira that operates in the archipelago of the Azores.

text:
# ND Ilhéu da Mina

The **ND *Ilhéu da Mina*** is a dredger and freighter operated by *Açores Madeira* that operates in the archipelago of the Azores.

## History

The ship was launched on 20 December 1976 by the Dutch shipyards of Buijs Scheepsbouw, Krimpen aan den IJssel, and baptized *Riosal*.

It was sold various times throughout its history; on 20 January 1983 it was renamed *River Herald*, on 31 March 1988, *Espero I*, on 21 June 1989, *Sandettie*, on 19 March 1993, *Sirenitas* and on 24 January 2002, *Ilheu Damina*.

On 16 August 2004 it was rechristened the *Ilhéu da Mina*, after it was acquired by the maritime operator *Açores Madeira - Sociedade de Extração e Comercialização de Areia dos Açores, Lda.* It frequently operates in the service for the *Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e do Mar* (*Regional Secretariat for Environment and Sea*), transporting sand among the islands.

### Sources

## InfoBox

ND *Ilhéu da Mina*
| The ND *Ilhéu da Mina* at the port of Vila do Porto on the island of Santa Maria | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name | ND *Ilhéu da Mina* |
| Operator | Açores Madeira - Sociedade de Extração e Comercialização de Areia dos Açores, Lda. |
| Port of registry | Portugal Angra do Heroísmo |
| Builder | Buijs Scheepsbouw, Krimpen aan den IJssel |
| Launched | 20 December 1976 |
| In service | 16 August 2004 |
| Identification | IMO number: 7533288 |
| Status | Active |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 906 tonnes (906 t) |
| Crew | 5 |


title: Guilhem de Saint-Leidier

abstract: Guilhem de Saint-Leidier, also spelled Guilhem de Saint Deslier, Guillem de Saint Deidier and Guilhèm de Sant Leidier was a troubadour of the 12th century, composing in Occitan. He was lord of Saint-Didier-en-Velay, was born at some date before 1150, and died between 1195 and 1200. He was said to have loved Belissende, sister of Dalfi d'Alvernha and wife of Eracle III of Polignac, Guilhem's feudal overlord. His known work includes fifteen cansos, one tensó and one planh. Indications in the text and in his vida suggest that he worked in Gascony, Comminges, the Agenais, and the Bordelais. He is the first poet named in the poetical survey by the Monk of Montaudon, written around 1195. With one of his poems Guilhem began a poetical debate on the question whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer or more powerful than herself. The one known poem by the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues appears to contribute to this debate, as does one by her friend Raimbaut of Orange, A mon vers dirai chanso. Soon afterwards there is a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon, and then a tensó between Guiraut de Bornelh and king Alfonso II of Aragon. Guilhem's daughter's son, Gauseran, was also a troubadour.

text:
# Guilhem de Saint-Leidier

**Guilhem de Saint-Leidier**, also spelled **Guilhem de Saint Deslier**, **Guillem de Saint Deidier** and **Guilhèm de Sant Leidier** was a troubadour of the 12th century, composing in Occitan. He was lord of Saint-Didier-en-Velay, was born at some date before 1150, and died between 1195 and 1200. He was said to have loved Belissende, sister of Dalfi d'Alvernha and wife of Eracle III of Polignac, Guilhem's feudal overlord.

His known work includes fifteen *cansos*, one *tensó* and one *planh*. Indications in the text and in his *vida* suggest that he worked in Gascony, Comminges, the Agenais, and the Bordelais. He is the first poet named in the poetical survey by the Monk of Montaudon, written around 1195.

With one of his poems Guilhem began a poetical debate on the question whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer or more powerful than herself. The one known poem by the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues appears to contribute to this debate, as does one by her friend Raimbaut of Orange, *A mon vers dirai chanso*. Soon afterwards there is a *partimen* on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon, and then a *tensó* between Guiraut de Bornelh and king Alfonso II of Aragon.

Guilhem's daughter's son, Gauseran, was also a troubadour.

## Bibliography

* A. Sakari, *Poésies du troubadour Guillem de Saint-Didier*. Helsinki, 1956.
* A. Sakari, 'Azalais de Porcairagues, le "Joglar" de Raimbaut d'Orange' in *Neuphilologische Mitteilungen* vol. 50 (1949) pp. 23–43, 56-87, 174-198.
* *Biographies des troubadours* ed. J. Boutière, A.-H. Schutz (Paris: Nizet, 1964) pp. 271–283.


title: Guilhem d'Autpol

abstract: Guilhem d'Autpol or Daspol was a troubadour from Hautpoul in the Languedoc. He wrote four works that survive, three dwelling on intensely religious themes. There exists some evidence internal in his songs that he was a jongleur early on. Esperansa de totz ferms esperans is a religious alba addressed to the Virgin Mary. L'autriers, a l'intrada d'abril is a pious pastorela that may allude to Joan Oliva, a Catalan friar who was active post-1270. This would make the work Guilhem's latest. His earliest datable work is tenso with God, Seinhos, aujas, c'aves saber e sen, which must have been written sometime between the fall of Caesarea and Arsuf to the Mamluks in 1265 and the Crusade led by James the Conqueror—mentioned in the poem—in 1269. The chief object of Guilhem's addresses to God was a common one among troubadours of his time: the papal policy of launching Crusades against Christians or heretics in Europe to the detriment of the Crusader States in the Holy Land, and the rise of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria. God's response is an attack on those who act unjustly in his name, such as the Templars and Hospitallers, and looks forward to the Crusade of 1269. The tenso has affinities with the work of Peire Cardenal and the Monge de Montaudon. Guilhem's only other datable work is a lengthy planh on the death of Louis IX of France (1270), Fortz tristors es e salvaj'a retraire.

text:
# Guilhem d'Autpol

**Guilhem d'Autpol** or **Daspol** (fl. 12651270) was a troubadour from Hautpoul in the Languedoc. He wrote four works that survive, three dwelling on intensely religious themes. There exists some evidence internal in his songs that he was a jongleur early on.

*Esperansa de totz ferms esperans* is a religious *alba* addressed to the Virgin Mary. *L'autriers, a l'intrada d'abril* is a pious *pastorela* that may allude to Joan Oliva, a Catalan friar who was active post-1270. This would make the work Guilhem's latest.

His earliest datable work is *tenso* with God, *Seinhos, aujas, c'aves saber e sen*, which must have been written sometime between the fall of Caesarea and Arsuf to the Mamluks in 1265 and the Crusade led by James the Conquerormentioned in the poemin 1269. The chief object of Guilhem's addresses to God was a common one among troubadours of his time: the papal policy of launching Crusades against Christians or heretics in Europe to the detriment of the Crusader States in the Holy Land, and the rise of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria. God's response is an attack on those who act unjustly in his name, such as the Templars and Hospitallers, and looks forward to the Crusade of 1269. The *tenso* has affinities with the work of Peire Cardenal and the Monge de Montaudon.

Guilhem's only other datable work is a lengthy *planh* on the death of Louis IX of France (1270), *Fortz tristors es e salvaj'a retraire*.

## Sources

* Riquer, Martín de. *Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos*. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.


title: Médard des Groseilliers

abstract: Médard Chouart des Groseilliers was a French explorer and fur trader in Canada. He is often paired with his brother-in-law Pierre-Esprit Radisson, who was about 20 years younger. The pair worked together in fur trading and exploration. Their decision to enter British service led to the foundation of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670. This company established trading posts and extensive relations with the First Nations in western Canada. It was highly influential in making the region amenable to British colonization. Radisson, with Groseiliers, also mapped many of the Great Lakes and trading routes used by settlers.

text:
# Médard des Groseilliers

**Médard Chouart des Groseilliers** (born 1618) was a French explorer and fur trader in Canada. He is often paired with his brother-in-law Pierre-Esprit Radisson, who was about 20 years younger. The pair worked together in fur trading and exploration. Their decision to enter British service led to the foundation of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670. This company established trading posts and extensive relations with the First Nations in western Canada. It was highly influential in making the region amenable to British colonization. Radisson, with Groseiliers, also mapped many of the Great Lakes and trading routes used by settlers.

## Early life

Médard Chouart was born in Charly-sur-Marne, Champagne province, France, to Médard Chouart, his father and Marie Poirier. He also had a cousin named Médard Chouart. He later called himself Sieur des Groseilliers after a farm his parents managed in Bassevelle. He was reported to have immigrated to New France in 1641 at age 23, but according to historian Grace Lee Nute, this has never been proven. He became a *donné* or lay helper at the Jesuit missions in the Huron region near present-day Simcoe County, Ontario. Here he learned the skills of a coureur des bois. In 1646, Groseilliers fought with the Huron against the Iroquois.

On 3 September 1647 Groseilliers married the widowed Helène Martin, the daughter of Abraham Martin, whose land surrounding Quebec City later became famous as the Plains of Abraham. Their first child died in 1648. Their second child, also named Médard, was born in 1651, the same year Helène died. After the Iroquois destroyed the Huron missions and forced the people to move further west in the late 1640s, Groseilliers worked to re-establish trade, especially in the Lake Superior region.

In 1653, Groseilliers travelled to Acadia to meet with Claude de la Tour and returned to New France in July and established himself at Trois-Rivières. There he married his second wife, Marguérite Hayet, (sometimes spelled Hayot) the widowed step-sister of Pierre-Esprit Radisson and from whom he inherited his lands in Trois-Rivières. Two sons from her first marriage became troublesome. In 1654, Groseilliers petitioned the governor of New France to find the boys another guardian, which was accepted. His first child by Marguérite, Jean Baptiste, was baptized on 5 July 1654. His second child by Marguérite, also named Marguérite, was baptized on 15 April 1659 and his third child, Marie-Antoinette, was baptized on 8 June 1661.

## As a fur trader

### French service

In August 1654, Groseilliers was sent west along with an unknown partner, to journey west to the new Huron lands. The voyage took two years to complete and upon returning in August 1656, they carried in their canoes reports of contact with several First Nations, among them the Sioux, Pottawattomi, Winnebago and Fox peoples and furs worth "14 to 15 thousand livres". Leaving in August 1659, Groseilliers and Radisson traveled west to the far end of Lake Superior and wintered at Lac Courte Oreilles in what is now known as Wisconsin. According to Radisson's account of the voyage, they helped repel an Iroquois attack along the Ottawa River and that the idea for trading furs from Hudson Bay came to them at this time. They returned in the summer of 1660 and upon return to New France, they were fined most of their profits by the colonial government because they had left New France without a license.

This journey demonstrated that the French could find riches in the interior of the continent and this led more Frenchmen to go west, with seven heading to Lake Superior within the year. From Cree traders, the French men came to understand that the main source of furs lay northwest of the lake. In 1661, Groseilliers traveled to France to appeal the fine without success and returned to New France the same year. Groseilliers and Radisson proposed creating a trading company for the furs to Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the French minister of finance under King Louis XIV. Colbert thought it a waste of resources and refused to support the project. In Spring 1662, Groseilliers and Radisson intended to journey to the west via the Hudson Bay region. In order to get to Hudson Bay from Isle Percée, Groseilliers intended to charter a vessel. However, the plans fell through and Groseilliers and Radisson instead searched further south in New England in hope of finding a suitable vessel.

### Formation of the Hudson's Bay Company

Groseilliers and Radisson traveled to Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They organized another expedition into Hudson Bay in 1663, but it was turned back by the ice. At Boston in 1665 they met Sir George Cartwright, who told them to travel to England to gain support. Captured by Dutch privateers on the voyage, the French men were put ashore in Spain. Reaching England, they were presented to King Charles II and became associated with Prince Rupert. Eventually Prince Rupert chartered two vessels for Radisson and Groseilliers.

In 1668 two ships left England for Hudson Bay: *Nonsuch* under the command of Zachariah Gillam with Groseilliers as his second and *Eaglet* with William Stannard as captain and Radisson as his second. *Eaglet* was caught in a storm, was damaged and forced to return to England. *Nonsuch* made it to Hudson Bay and continued south, into James Bay. *Nonsuch* reached the mouth of the Rupert River which was named after their benefactor. They landed near what is now the town of Waskaganish, Quebec, where they built a fort and wintered there. The expedition returned to England in 1669 with a rich cargo of furs.

The haul of furs impressed King Charles and led Prince Rupert and his fellow investors to create the "Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudsons Bay", also known as the Hudson's Bay Company, on 2 May 1670. The Hudson's Bay Company was given monopoly over the area of land that would become known as Rupert's Land. From 1670 to 1675, Groseilliers and Radisson were employed by the Hudson's Bay Company, voyaging into Hudson Bay to establish trading posts, forts and exploring the area. Their activities were watched with interest by the French whose economy suffered from the arrival of English fur traders.

### Return to French service

In 1674, a French Jesuit priest, Charles Albanel, was sent north into Hudson Bay. Captured by representatives of the Hudson's Bay Company, Albanel was sent to England as a prisoner. In England he convinced Groseilliers and Radisson to return to French service. Groseilliers traveled to France and spent the year before returning to New France in 1676.

On 20 May 1682 the French created their own fur-trading company, called *La Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson* or *Compagnie du Nord*, given charter by the French government. The company was created to compete with the Hudson's Bay Company. Groseilliers joined the company and with Radisson, sailed north to the Hayes and Nelson Rivers to create a French trading post. Similar expeditions from the Hudson's Bay Company and a group from Boston under the leadership of Benjamin Gillam arrived at the same time. The three groups fought with the experienced leadership of Radisson and Groseilliers coming out victorious. They took the majority of the Bostonians and Hudson's Bay Company personnel captive, including the new governor of Hudson Bay, John Bridgar and seized furs from their former employer.

Upon their return to New France, the two Frenchmen found that their actions had angered the British and alarmed French officials. In order to cover the British losses the *Compagnie du Nord* was forced to pay taxes on their furs. Radisson and Groseilliers sailed to France in 1683 for adjudication on the tax matter. The French government found in favour of the British, whose leader the Duke of York was France's best chance to re-convert the English back to Catholicism. While in France, Groseilliers refused an offer to rejoin the Hudson's Bay Company and returned to his farm at Trois-Rivières. His final fate is unknown.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Médard Chouart des Groseilliers | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1618<br>Charly-sur-Marne, France |
| Occupation(s) | Explorer, fur trader, Co-founder of Hudson's Bay Company |


title: WECC-FM

abstract: WECC-FM is a radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Folkston, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by Lighthouse Christian Broadcasting Corporation. The station also broadcasts on 1190 AM, WWIO.

text:
# WECC-FM

**WECC-FM** (89.3 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Folkston, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by Lighthouse Christian Broadcasting Corporation. The station also broadcasts on 1190 AM, WWIO.

1. "Facility Technical Data for WECC-FM". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WECC-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Jacksonville area |
| Frequency | 89.3 MHz |
| Branding | *The Lighthouse* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary Christian |
| Affiliations | Salem Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Lighthouse Christian Broadcasting Corporation |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | **WE** **C**elebrate **C**hrist |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 81294 |
| Class | C2 |
| ERP | 30,000 watts |
| HAAT | 149.1 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 30°55′54.00″N 81°42′30.00″W / 30.9316667°N 81.7083333°W / 30.9316667; -81.7083333 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | thelighthousefm.org |


title: Gussie Mueller

abstract: Gustave "Gussie" Mueller was an early jazz clarinetist. The New Orleans, Louisiana-born Mueller was a top clarinetist with Papa Jack Laine's bands in New Orleans before going to Chicago, Illinois with Tom Brown's band in early 1915. After serving in the Army in World War I he moved to California and joined the early Paul Whiteman Orchestra, with which he moved to New York City. He helped give the Whiteman band a touch of the Dixieland jazz style. One of the Whiteman Orchestra's early hit records, as well as one of the unfortunately few recordings where Mueller can be heard prominently, is Wang Wang Blues which Mueller dominates in a style similar to Larry Shields. Mueller also shares composer credit on "Wang Wang". According to Whiteman, Mueller was reluctant to learning how to read music, for fear that it would impair his abilities as a "hot player". He left the Whiteman band in November 1920, saying "I jes' can't play that 'pretty music' that you all play. And you fellers can't never play blues worth a damn". Mueller returned to California to join his old friend Ray Lopez in the Abe Lyman Orchestra. Mueller stayed in the Los Angeles area and remained active as a musician well in to the 1940s, mainly performing with "Hillbilly" bands. He rejoins Whiteman in Capitol Record's Hollywood studios in 1945, for a recreation of the famous Wang-Wang Blues. On the record Mueller replicates in detail his phrases from the 1920 recording.

text:
# Gussie Mueller

**Gustave** "**Gussie**" **Mueller** (April 17, 1890  December 16, 1965) was an early jazz clarinetist.

The New Orleans, Louisiana-born Mueller was a top clarinetist with Papa Jack Laine's bands in New Orleans before going to Chicago, Illinois with Tom Brown's band in early 1915. After serving in the Army in World War I he moved to California and joined the early Paul Whiteman Orchestra, with which he moved to New York City. He helped give the Whiteman band a touch of the Dixieland jazz style. One of the Whiteman Orchestra's early hit records, as well as one of the unfortunately few recordings where Mueller can be heard prominently, is Wang Wang Blues which Mueller dominates in a style similar to Larry Shields. Mueller also shares composer credit on "Wang Wang".

According to Whiteman, Mueller was reluctant to learning how to read music, for fear that it would impair his abilities as a "hot player". He left the Whiteman band in November 1920, saying "I jes' can't play that 'pretty music' that you all play. And you fellers can't never play blues worth a damn". Mueller returned to California to join his old friend Ray Lopez in the Abe Lyman Orchestra. Mueller stayed in the Los Angeles area and remained active as a musician well in to the 1940s, mainly performing with "Hillbilly" bands. He rejoins Whiteman in Capitol Record's Hollywood studios in 1945, for a recreation of the famous Wang-Wang Blues. On the record Mueller replicates in detail his phrases from the 1920 recording.

* Whiteman, Paul (1926). *Jazz*. J. H. Sears.
* "Gussie Mueller Dies in California". *The Second Line*. **17** (1). New Orleans Jazz Club. January 1966.

## InfoBox

| Gussie Mueller | |
| --- | --- |
| Gussie Mueller, c. 1922 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Gustave Mueller |
| Also known as | "Gus"
or
"Gussie" |
| Born | (1890-04-17)April 17, 1890
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Origin | New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | December 16, 1965(1965-12-16) (aged 75)
Hollywood, California, U.S |
| Genres | Dixieland |
| Instrument | Clarinet |
| Years active | c. 1910-c.1940 |


title: Gustaf Nobel

abstract: Gustaf Nobel is a Swedish businessman and humanitarian, and a member of the Nobel family. He is the Chairman of the Nobel Charitable Trust. He studied at the University of Lund, and has worked in management positions in various companies in 15 countries around the world. Since 2005 he has lived in France. He is currently CEO of Conversus SARL, a company owned by the Nobel family. He is also involved in environmental issues and renewable energy.

text:
# Gustaf Nobel

**Gustaf Nobel** (/nˈbɛl/ *noh-BEL*, Swedish: \[nʊˈbɛlː\]; born 1950 in Stockholm) is a Swedish businessman and humanitarian, and a member of the Nobel family. He is the Chairman of the Nobel Charitable Trust (since 2010).

He studied at the University of Lund, and has worked in management positions in various companies in 15 countries around the world. Since 2005 he has lived in France. He is currently CEO of Conversus SARL, a company owned by the Nobel family. He is also involved in environmental issues and renewable energy.


title: Gustaf Munthe

abstract: Gustaf Lorentz Munthe was a Swedish writer, art historian and art teacher. He was head of Röhsska Craft Art Museum in Gothenburg from 1924 to 1945 and was also prolific as a writer of the museum's publications. During World War II, Munthe served as head of the M Group of the intelligence agency C-byrån in Gothenburg during World War II, helping the Norwegian resistance movement. He served as chairman and was a member of a number of associations, companies, foundations, guilds and societies.

text:
# Gustaf Munthe

**Gustaf Lorentz Munthe** (3 July 1896 – 25 November 1962) was a Swedish writer, art historian and art teacher. He was head of Röhsska Craft Art Museum in Gothenburg from 1924 to 1945 and was also prolific as a writer of the museum's publications. During World War II, Munthe served as head of the M Group of the intelligence agency C-byrån in Gothenburg during World War II, helping the Norwegian resistance movement. He served as chairman and was a member of a number of associations, companies, foundations, guilds and societies.

## Early life

Munthe was born on 3 July 1896 in Stockholm, the son of the president of the Court of Chamber Gustaf Fredrik Munthe and his wife Maria (née Wallin). He passed *studentexamen* in Stockholm in 1915 and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Stockholm University College in 1917 and a Licentiate of Philosophy degree in 1920.

## Career

He conducted art historical surveys of churches in Södermanland and Östergötland provinces from 1919 to 1920 and worked as an assistant in the Art History Department of the Stockholm University College from 1919 to 1921 and as an assistant at Nationalmuseum from 1921 to 1924. Munthe was secretary of the Stockholm Beauty Council in 1924 and worked as curator and head of the Röhsska Craft Art Museum in Gothenburg from 1924 to 1945. He was art history teacher at the seminar of the *Handarbetsvännerna* ("Friends of the Artisanry") from 1921 to 1924 and a member of the International Jury at the Paris Exhibition in 1925. Munthe was a member of the committee for the Chicago World's Fair in 1933 and was District Governor for the Rotary movement in Sweden 1935-1936 and 1940-1941. He was also a member of the Travellers Club, *Sällskapet Gnistan* ("Gnistan Society") and *Sällskapet Idun* ("Idun Society"). In 1938, Munthe became a member of the commission for the Swedish Delaware Exhibition in America.

During World War II, Munthe was engaged in the Finland Committee and traveled to America to raise money. Together with, among others, Folke Bernadotte and Elsa Brändström, they got the United States Congress to grant a loan of $30 million to Finland. When Germany invaded Denmark and Norway, he underwent an officer training, where he first started working for the Swedish Security Service and then in the military intelligence service where he led the so-called *M-gruppen* ("M Group") at C-byrån in Gothenburg. The M Group's operations focused on helping the Norwegian resistance movement. The M Group was named after the museum director of the Röhsska Craft Art Museum, Gustaf Munthe himself, and the base for the operations was at the premises of his museum at Vasagatan in Gothenburg. During the end of the war, Munthe enrolled in the Norwegian Army. He was captain in a group of Norwegian and Swedish soldiers and radio technicians who brought a convoy of four military vehicles across the border to Norway. According to Munthe, the convoy was loaded with "heavy weapons" and ammunition. The group's purpose was to build a radio receiver at Holmenkollen outside Oslo. They blasted the Norwegian roadblocks and then came to Ørje Customs Station. When they finally reached Oslo, the Germans had surrendered and Munthe witnessed how the Norwegian traitor Vidkun Quisling was jailed at the police station in Oslo. Munthe would later in life write the book *Tennsoldaten : minnen från krigsåren* ("The Tin Soldier : memories of the war years") (1960) about his wartime experiences.

Munthe was CEO of *Svenska turisttrafikförbundet* ("Swedish Tourist Traffic Association") from 1944 to 1951 and after that he headed the Children's Day in Stockholm from 1952 to 1955. He was appointed captain of the Bohuslän Regiment's (I 17) reserve in 1948 and owned the publishing house *Svenska turistförlaget* from 1951. In 1957 he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Stockholm University College. Munthe was also a member, board member and chairman of a number of associations, companies, foundations, guilds and societies; board member of the Swedish Exhibition and Congress Centre 1928-1951, of the Stockholm Exhibition in 1930, of *Svenska slöjdföreningen* (Swedish Sloyd Association) 1931-1943 and 1944-1946 (chairman of the union section), of the Sweden–America Foundation's Zorn Scholarship 1929-1930, of the Gothenburg City Theatre 1935-1945, of the AB Gbgssystemet 1938-1945, of the *Svenska hemslöjdsföreningens riksförbund* ("Swedish National Home Sloyd Association") 1945-1950 and of the Drottningholm Theatre Museum from 1945.; member of the Swedish Handicraft Association 1945-1947, of the *Svenska orientsällskapet* ("Swedish Orient Society") from 1950, of the *Svensk-italienska sällskapet* ("Swedish-Italian Society") from 1952, of the *Konsthantverkarnas gille* ("Artisans' Guild") 1952-1958, of the Foundation Natur & Kultur 1952, of the *Statens kommitté för social upplysning* ("State Committee for Social Enlightenment") in 1946 and of the Tourist Investigation at the Ministry of Trade in 1948; chairman of the Humanist Department of Stockholm University College Student Union from 1918-1920, of the Stockholm Federation of Student Unions in 1924, of the *Föreningen Göteborgs konsthantverkare* ("Association of Gothenburg's Artisans") 1929-1945, of the Stockholm University College Student Union 1923-1924, of the *Svensk-Jugoslaviska Sällskapet i Göteborg* ("Swedish-Yugoslav Society in Gothenburg") from 1939, of the Swedish Tourist Association's Gothenburg Board 1938-1943 and of the *Föreningen Konstfliten-Bohusslöjd* ("Handicraft-Bohuslän Sloyd Association") 1940-1944.; vice chairman of the *Svensk-Pakistanska vänskapsföreningen* ("Swedish-Pakistani Friendship Association") from 1953.

## Personal life

In 1922, Munthe married Inger Dyberg (born 1898), the daughter of the Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden Vilhelm Dyberg and Gulla Åberg. In 1945 he married Birgitta Ribbing (born 1914), the daughter of Peder Ribbing and Agnete (née Sporon).

## Death

Munthe died of a heart disease on 25 November 1962 in Stockholm. He was buried at Solna Cemetery in Stockholm.

## Awards and decorations

Munthe's awards:

### Swedish

### Foreign

## Honours


title: Gulu

abstract: Gulu is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District. The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city's distance from Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city, is 333 kilometres (207 mi) by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.

text:
# Gulu

**Gulu** is a city in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the commercial and administrative centre of Gulu District.

The coordinates of the city of Gulu are 2°46'54.0"N 32°17'57.0"E. The city's distance from Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city, is 333 kilometres (207 mi) by road. Gulu is served by Gulu Airport.

## History

During the British Bagool rule in the 18th and 19th centuries, northern Uganda was less developed compared to the rest of the country. The people were conscripted into the army and the police, with many sent to fight in the first and second World Wars.

In the 1960s, many Sudanese, Rwandan, and Congolese refugees settled in the city.

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) under the leadership of Joseph Kony sprang up in the 1990s after Auma/Lakwena went to Kenya. The LRA became increasingly violent in Gulu and surrounding communities. Up to 15,000 children, known as "night commuters", were fleeing into the city for safety every evening. In 1996, the Ugandan government ordered all civilians in northern Uganda to relocate to internally displaced person (IDP) camps. Several organizations, such as Stop the Genocide in Northern Uganda, called these camps "concentration camps" and demanded their immediate closure. At one time, an estimated two million people lived in these camps. In April 2009, all the IDP camps were closed and the people were allowed to return to their villages. By July 2009, an estimated 1,452,000 people (80.7 percent of those living in the camps) had voluntarily left the camps to return home. Since the spring of 2007, there has been relative peace in the region as the LRA became a much less significant threat.

## Climate

Gulu's climate is tropical wet and dry (Aw) according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system.

| Climate data for Gulu (1961–1990) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3
(88.3) | 31.7
(89.1) | 30.7
(87.3) | 29.2
(84.6) | 28.4
(83.1) | 27.9
(82.2) | 27.0
(80.6) | 27.4
(81.3) | 28.5
(83.3) | 28.6
(83.5) | 28.6
(83.5) | 29.1
(84.4) | 29.0
(84.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.5
(61.7) | 17.5
(63.5) | 18.0
(64.4) | 17.9
(64.2) | 17.8
(64.0) | 17.3
(63.1) | 16.9
(62.4) | 16.9
(62.4) | 16.9
(62.4) | 17.1
(62.8) | 16.8
(62.2) | 16.3
(61.3) | 17.2
(62.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.5
(0.65) | 29.4
(1.16) | 84.7
(3.33) | 166.2
(6.54) | 175.6
(6.91) | 152.1
(5.99) | 168.6
(6.64) | 237.8
(9.36) | 174.6
(6.87) | 186.9
(7.36) | 109.0
(4.29) | 37.4
(1.47) | 1,538.8
(60.57) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.5 | 4.2 | 8.4 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 16.3 | 11.4 | 3.8 | 131.6 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

The national census in 2002 estimated Gulu's population at 119,430. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the population at 149,900 in 2010. In 2011, UBOS estimated the mid-year population at 154,300. The 2014 population census put the population at 152,276.

In 2020, the mid-year population of Gulu City was projected by city division as follows: Bar Dege (47,700), Laroo (32,300), Layibi (43,900) and Pece (53,500), for a total of 177,400.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | 119,430 |  |
| 2010 | 149,900 | +25.5% |
| 2011 | 154,300 | +2.9% |
| 2014 | 152,276 | −1.3% |
| 2015 | 153,800 | +1.0% |
| 2020 | 177,400 | +15.3% |
| source: | | |

## Education

Gulu is the home of Gulu University, which has a wide range of programs including agriculture, medicine, business management, and conflict resolution. It is one of the three public universities in the Northern Region, the others being Muni University in Arua and Lira University in Lira. Gulu University is the parent institution of the Gulu University School of Medicine, one of the nine accredited medical schools in Uganda as of February 2015. The Uganda Management Institute, a government-owned tertiary teaching and research institution in management and administration, has a campus in Gulu. Gulu also hosts University of the Sacred Heart Gulu, a private university affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu.

## Health

There are three hospitals in the city: St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, and Gulu Independent Hospital.

There is also a center for non-medical integrative therapies, Thrive-Gulu, founded by Boston-based professor Judy Dushku and her husband Jim Coleman, and part-funded by Eliza Dushku. It has received funding support from Irish aid agency Trocaire and a Scandinavian foreign aid provider.

## Transport

### Air

The city is served by Gulu Airport, which has a tarmac runway that measures 10,314 feet (3,144 m). Gulu Airport is the second biggest airport in Uganda after Entebbe International Airport.

### Rail

Gulu has a station on the metre gauge railway that connects Tororo and Pakwach, which had been out of service since 1993. Rift Valley Railways funded the clearing of vegetation and the repair of infrastructure, thus allowing the first commercial train for 20 years to run through Gulu on 14 September 2013.

## Sport

The home venue for Gulu United FC is Pece War Memorial Stadium, which has a capacity of 3,000 people. The stadium was built by the British in 1959, with long-delayed renovations starting in April 2017.

## Places of worship

Predominant among the places of worship are Christian facilities for communities including the: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu (Catholic Church), Eastern Orthodox Diocese of Gulu (Patriarchate of Alexandria), Church of Uganda (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church in Uganda (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Baptist Union of Uganda (Baptist World Alliance), Watoto Church, Assemblies of God, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. There are also Muslim mosques.

## Water and sanitation

With loans obtained from the World Bank and KfW, the government of Uganda in 2020, completed Phase I of the Gulu Water Supply and Sanitation Project. The project required USh82.3 billion (US$22+ million) to be implemented. With the improvements, Gulu City has storage capacity of 42,000,000 cubic metres (1.1×1010 US gal) of potable water. In addition, at least 42 public toilets have been built, capable of accommodating 250 people simultaneously. A new sewage sludge treatment plant in Cubu has been constructed.

Phase II of the project involves establishment of a drinking water intake plant, upstream of Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station, with pumping capacity of 10,000 cubic metres (2,600,000 US gal) daily. This new potable water source will supply 341,000 people in Gulu and neighboring communities. It also includes the expansion of safe sanitation services to 170,000 new customers. KfW and the CDC Group are expected to fund the second stage, starting in June 2021.

## Notable people

## Languages spoken by people of gulu district.

1. Acholi.
2. Alur.
3. Lango.
4. Swahili.
5. English.
6. Luganda.

## Schools in gulu district

### nursery schools

1. Annabel Nursery School
2. Bestow Nursery School
3. Bishop Angelo Negri Nursery School
4. Bright Valley Nursery School
5. Chalton Nursery School
6. Christ The Center Nursery School
7. Cornerstone Nursery School
8. Credo Kindergarten
9. Disciples Nursery School
10. Ebenezer Modern Nursery School
11. El-shaddai Nursery School
12. Favour Of God Nursery School
13. Froebel Nursery School Gulu
14. God's Glory Nursery School
15. Goodhope Nursery School
16. Gulu Baptist Nursery School
17. Gulu Central Nursery School
18. Gulu Vision Nursery School
19. Holy Rosary Kindergarten
20. Hope Academy Nursery School
21. J $ S Nursery School
22. Jesus Is The King Of Kings
23. Jesus Is The Truth Nursery School
24. Layibi Green Nursery School
25. Light Ray Nursery School
26. Mama Elisabeth Nursery School
27. Mamiyo Outreach Preparatory School
28. Mary Queen Of Peace Nursery School
29. Mmanuel Junior School
30. Moonlight Junior Academy
31. Mother Angioletta Kindergarten
32. Mother Fatima Nursery School
33. Mother Lydia Nursery School
34. Mother Martina Nursery School
35. Mother Paulina Nursery School
36. Motherland Nursery School
37. Olive Good Shepherd Nursery School
38. Our Lady Of Good Counsel
39. Police Nursery School
40. Queen Of Martyrs Nursery School
41. School Road Nursery School
42. Seek And Find Nursery School
43. Shalom Christian School-Palaro
44. Sos Helmut Kutin Kindergarten Nursery School
45. Joseph Nursery School
46. Josephine Bakhita Nursery School
47. Jude's Nursery School
48. Mary Junior School
49. Mauritz Nursery School
50. Michael Daycare Centre & Nursery School
51. Top Care Nursery School
52. Unifat Nursery School
53. Victory Nursery School
54. Wapwoyo Nursery School

### Primary schools

1. Abaka P.7 School
2. Airfield Primary School
3. Ajulu Primary School
4. Akonyibedo P.7 School
5. Akwii Community School
6. Aleda Primary School
7. Angaya P.7 School
8. Annabel's Public School
9. Aswa Camp Primary School
10. Awach Central P.7 Primary School
11. Awach P.7 School
12. Awach Public School
13. Awoo Nyim Primary School
14. Bright Valley Primary School
15. Bulkur Primary School
16. Bungatira Central P.7
17. Bungatira P.7 School
18. Burcoro Primary School
19. Cet-kana Primary School
20. Charlton Primary School
21. Christ Church Primary School
22. Christ The Center Ministries Primary School
23. Christ The King Dem P.7 School
24. Coopil Primary School
25. Corner Stone Primary School
26. Credo Primary School
27. Cubu Primary School
28. Cwero Primary School
29. Denis Primary School
30. Disciples Primary School
31. Ebenezer Modern Primary School
32. El-shaddai Mixed Day Primary School
33. Emmanuel Primary School – Laroo
34. Favour Of God Primary School
35. Froebel Primary School
36. God's Glory Primary School
37. Goodhope Primary School
38. Gulu Baptist Primary School
39. Gulu Police Primary School
40. Gulu Primary School
41. Gulu Prison Primary School
42. Gulu Ptc Demo. School
43. Gulu Public School
44. Gulu Town School
45. Gulu Vision Primary School
46. Gwengdiya Primary School
47. Hermann Gmeiner Primary School
48. Highland P.7 School
49. Holy Rosary P.7 School
50. J & S Primary School
51. Jesus Is The Truth Primary School
52. Kalamaji P.7 School
53. Kasubi Central Primary School
54. Kasubi P.7 School
55. Kiju Hill P.7 School
56. Kirombe Primary School
57. Kiteny Owala Primary School
58. Kitinotima Primary School
59. Kulu Keno Primary School
60. Kulu-opal Primary School
61. Labourline Primary School
62. Laliya Primary School
63. Laminto Primary School
64. Lapuda Primary School
65. Laroo P.7 School
66. Latwong Primary School
67. Layibi Central P.7 School
68. Layibi Green Primary School
69. Layibi Primary School
70. Layibitecho Primary School
71. Light Ray Primary School
72. Lukodi Primary School
73. Lukome Primary School
74. Mama Cave P.7 School
75. Mama Elizabeth Primary School
76. Mary Immaculate P.7 School
77. Mary Queen Of Peace Mixed Primary School
78. Mmanuel Junior School
79. Moon Light Junior Academy
80. Mother Angioletta Primary School
81. Mother Ludia Primary School
82. Mother Martina Primary School
83. Mother Paulina Primary School
84. Mother Teresa Primary School
85. Motherland Primary School
86. Mt. Olive Good Shepherd
87. Negri P.7 School
88. Obiya P.7 School
89. Obiya West Primary School
90. Ocer Campion Jesuit College
91. Ocetaka Community School
92. Ogul Primary School
93. Oguru P.7 School
94. Olel P.7 School
95. Omel Boke P.7 School
96. Omorti Hill Primary School
97. Onekjii Primary School
98. Our Lady Of Good Counsel Primary School
99. Oywak Primary School
100. Pageya Peace Omel Apem Primary School
101. Pageya Primary School
102. Pagik Primary School
103. Paibona Primary School
104. Paicho P.7 School
105. Pakwelo Primary School
106. Palaro P.7 School
107. Paminano Primary School
108. Panykworo Primary School
109. Patiko Prison Primary School
110. Pawel Angany P.7 School
111. Pawel Ayiga Primary School
112. Pece P.7 School
113. Pece Pawel Primary School
114. Pena Ebenezer Primary School
115. Pok-ogali Primary School
116. Rwot Obilo P.7 School
117. School Road Primary School
118. Shalom Christian School
119. Shalom Christian School Agung
120. Shalom Christian School Palaro
121. St. Joseph P.7 School
122. St. Josephine Bakhita Primary School
123. St. Jude Primary School
124. St. Kizito Primary School – Aywee
125. St. Martin Primary School
126. St. Mary's Junior School
127. St. Michael Primary School
128. St. Peters Laroo Primary School
129. Starlight Junior School
130. Te-ladwong Primary School
131. Tegot P.7 School
132. Unifat P.7 School
133. Unyama P.7 School
134. Victory Primary School
135. Vienna Junior D&b School
136. Wapwoyo Primary School
137. Wii-aworanga Primary School
138. Wilul P.7 Primary School

### Secondary schools

1. Alliance High School
2. Awach Secondary School
3. Bishop Angelo Negri College
4. Charity College
5. Creamland High School
6. Graceland Girls Secondary School
7. Gulu Army Secondary School
8. Gulu Central High School
9. Gulu College
10. Gulu Crested Crane Secondary School
11. Gulu High Secondary School
12. Gulu Parentscomprehensive College
13. Gulu Secondary School
14. Heligoland High School
15. Laroo Seed Secondary School
16. Lukome Secondary School
17. Nile Progressive Secondary School
18. Northern City High School
19. Northland High School
20. Ocer Campion Jesuit College
21. Paicho Secondary School, Gulu
22. Palaro Secondary School
23. Patiko Secondary School
24. Pece Secondary School
25. Pope Francis College
26. Pope John Paul II College
27. Sacred Heart Secondary School
28. Sir Samuel Baker School
29. St. Joseph's College Layibi
30. Trinity College, Gulu
31. PP Newton Secondary School

## InfoBox

| Gulu | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Houses in Gulu | |
| Gulu | |
| Coordinates: 02°46′54″N 32°17′57″E / 2.78167°N 32.29917°E / 2.78167; 32.29917 | |
| Country | Uganda |
| Region | Northern Region |
| Sub-region | Acholi sub-region |
| District | Gulu District |
| Elevation | 1,100 m (3,600 ft) |
| Population (2014 Census) | |
| Total | 152,276 |
| Website | Official website |


title: WKHK

abstract: WKHK is a country music formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Colonial Heights, Virginia, serving Richmond and Petersburg in Virginia. WKHK is owned and operated by SummitMedia. The station's studios and offices are located west of Richmond proper in unincorporated Chesterfield County, and its transmitter is located in Bensley, Virginia. WKHK is licensed by the FCC to broadcast in the HD digital hybrid format.

text:
# WKHK

**WKHK** (95.3 FM) is a country music formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Colonial Heights, Virginia, serving Richmond and Petersburg in Virginia. WKHK is owned and operated by SummitMedia. The station's studios and offices are located west of Richmond proper in unincorporated Chesterfield County, and its transmitter is located in Bensley, Virginia.

WKHK is licensed by the FCC to broadcast in the HD digital hybrid format.

## WKHK-HD2

On August 7, 2016, WKHK-HD2 and simulcasting translator W282CA signed on for the first time. The new stations began stunting with *Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang*, by Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg, on a loop. The stunt ended just after Noon, on August 9, and the Classic Hip Hop format began. Using Westwood One's Classic Hip Hop network, the first song heard on the station was *Rock It* by Master P.

On May 7, 2021, WKHK-HD2/W282CA dropped the classic hip hop format and began simulcasting WKHK.

On January 11, 2022, WKHK-HD2/W282CA dropped the WKHK simulcast and changed its format to classic country as "Classic Country 104.3".

Broadcast translator for WKHK
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | FCC info | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W282CA | 104.3 FM | Richmond, Virginia | 154008 | 250 | 180  (591 ft) | D | LMS | translator for HD2 subchannel |

## WKHK-HD3

**WKHK-HD3** carries a non-commercial Contemporary Christian music format branded as "The Journey," based at WRVL in Lynchburg which feeds translator W235AI at 94.9 FM.

## InfoBox

WKHK
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | RichmondPetersburg, Virginia |
| Frequency | 95.3 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | K95 |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Country music |
| Subchannels |  |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | W282CA, W291CL, WJSR, WKLR, WURV |
| History | |
| First air date | November 17, 1972 (1972-11-17) |
| Former call signs | WPVA-FM (1972–1984) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 319 |
| Class | B |
| ERP | 47,000 watts |
| HAAT | 156 meters (512 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°26′22.0″N 77°26′1.0″W / 37.439444°N 77.433611°W / 37.439444; -77.433611 |
| Translator(s) | * HD2: 104.3 W282CA (Richmond) * HD3: 94.9 W235AI (Richmond) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | k95country.com |


title: NGC 3593

abstract: NGC 3593 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It has a morphological classification of SA(s)0/a, which indicates it is a lenticular galaxy of the pure spiral type. Despite this, it has a large amount of hydrogen, both in its molecular (H2) and atomic (H) form. It is a starburst galaxy, which means it is forming new stars at a high rate. This is occurring in a band of gas surrounding the central nucleus. There is a single arm, which spirals outward from this ring. It is frequently but not consistently identified as a member of the Leo Triplet group. This galaxy is known to contain two counter-rotating populations of stars—that is, one set of stars is rotating in the opposite direction with respect to the other. One means for this to occur is by acquiring gas from an external source, which then undergoes star formation. An alternative is by a merger with a second galaxy. Neither scenario has been ruled out. The age of the lower mass, counter-rotating population is younger by about 1.6 ± 0.8 Gyr than the primary star population of the galaxy. A dynamical study found that there is likely a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of NGC 3593. The mass of the SMBH is between 3.0×10⁵ and 4.3×10⁶ solar masses.

text:
# NGC 3593

**NGC 3593** is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It has a morphological classification of SA(s)0/a, which indicates it is a lenticular galaxy of the pure spiral type. Despite this, it has a large amount of hydrogen, both in its molecular (H
2) and atomic (H) form. It is a starburst galaxy, which means it is forming new stars at a high rate. This is occurring in a band of gas surrounding the central nucleus. There is a single arm, which spirals outward from this ring. It is frequently but not consistently identified as a member of the Leo Triplet group.

This galaxy is known to contain two counter-rotating populations of stars—that is, one set of stars is rotating in the opposite direction with respect to the other. One means for this to occur is by acquiring gas from an external source, which then undergoes star formation. An alternative is by a merger with a second galaxy. Neither scenario has been ruled out. The age of the lower mass, counter-rotating population is younger by about 1.6 ± 0.8 Gyr than the primary star population of the galaxy.

A dynamical study found that there is likely a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of NGC 3593. The mass of the SMBH is between 3.0×105 and 4.3×106 solar masses.

## InfoBox

| NGC 3593 | |
| --- | --- |
| An infrared Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of NGC 3593. | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Leo |
| Right ascension | 11h 14m 37.002s |
| Declination | +12° 49 04.87 |
| Redshift | 627 km/s |
| Distance | 20.5 Mly (6.28 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.6 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SA(s)0/a |
| Apparent size (V) | 1′.5 × 1′.1 |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 6272, PGC 34257 | |


title: NGC 3597

abstract: NGC 3597 is a galaxy located approximately 150 million light-years away in the constellation of Crater. It was discovered by John Herschel on March 21, 1835.

text:
# NGC 3597

**NGC 3597** is a galaxy located approximately 150 million light-years away in the constellation of Crater. It was discovered by John Herschel on March 21, 1835.

## Characteristics

NGC 3597 is thought to be the product of the collision of two large galaxies, and it appears to be slowly evolving to become an elliptical galaxy. Because of this, NGC 3597 is interesting to astronomers. Galaxies smashing together pool their available gas and dust, triggering new rounds of star birth. Some of this material ends up in dense pockets initially called proto-globular clusters, dozens of which festoon NGC 3597. These pockets will go on to collapse and form globular clusters, packed tightly full of millions of stars.

* Media related to NGC 3597 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| NGC 3597 | |
| --- | --- |
| Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 3597 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Crater |
| Right ascension | 11h 14m 41.97s |
| Declination | −23° 43 39.58 |
| Redshift | 0.011725 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 3494 km/s |
| Distance | 150,000,000 light-years (46,000,000 pc) |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 13.62 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | S0 |
| Notable features | Elliptical galaxy in making |
| Other designations | |
| FLASH J111441.93-234340, MCG-04-27-005, VVD 11, PGC 34266 | |


title: Gusztáv Batthyány

abstract: Gusztáv, 5th Prince Batthyány-Strattmann was a Hungarian nobleman who bred horses in England where he was commonly known as Count Gustavus Batthyány.

text:
# Gusztáv Batthyány

**Gusztáv, 5th Prince Batthyány-Strattmann** (8 December 1803  25 April 1883) was a Hungarian nobleman who bred horses in England where he was commonly known as *Count Gustavus Batthyány*.

## Biography

Batthyány was the son of Count Antal Batthyány de Németújvár and of his wife, Countess Mária Anna Festetics von Tolna. His family seat was Németújvár in western Hungary (now Güssing in Austria). The Batthyány family traces its roots as far back as the founding of Hungary by Árpád in the year 896, its ancestor being one of seven princes called Urs.

On 14 December 1828 Batthyány married Baroness Wilhelmine von Ahrenfeld, widow of Ferdinand, Graf Bubna von Littitz (died 1825), and some twelve years older than Batthyány. This came two years after the birth of their first son, Edmund, and two months after the birth of their second Gustav Emilian (1828-1906), but it had the effect of legitimating them both. His wife died in 1840.

In 1838 Batthyány donated his entire library, including the mysterious Rohonc Codex, to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

While still a young man Batthyány emigrated to England, where he became well known as an owner and breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses. In 1843 he established his own stud.

Batthyány was involved in the Magyar national movement as a member of the constitutional Hungarian Ministry of 1848 led by his cousin Lajos Batthyány. In 1851 he signed a letter together with his brother Count Kázmér Batthyány, Bertalan Szemere, and Prince Paul Esterházy to his old friends, the Duke of Wellington and Lord Melbourne, accusing Lajos Kossuth of high treason and terrorism. This letter exposed the divisions in the Magyar national movement to English supporters.

In 1859 Batthyány was elected to the Jockey Club. He hired the trainer John Dawson to condition his horses at Newmarket. In 1875 his horse Galopin won The Derby and went on to be the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1888, 1889 and 1898. Galopin was the damsire of Bayardo and of the 1886 U.K. Triple Crown Champion, Flying Fox.

In 1870 Batthyány's second cousin Philipp, 4th Prince Batthyány-Strattmann, died without children, and Batthyány succeeded as the 5th Prince Batthyány-Strattmann. At about this time he presented a small life-boat called *Harbinger* to the boatmen of Bridlington.

Batthyany had a heart condition that enforced the early retirement of his horse Galopin at the end of the 1875 season, as it was feared that the excitement of watching him race again could put the Prince's life at risk. He died on 25 April 1883 after suffering a heart attack while attending a luncheon at the Jockey Club. Probate was granted on 23 May 1883 to Annie Smith, wife of John Graham Smith, one of the Executors, in the amount of £49,612, 8s. His address at death was stated as 3 Park Street, Grosvenor Square. His executors sold off his bloodstock at the Tattersalls July Sale at Newmarket, and a legal action was brought against them by his eldest son.

## Marriage and family

On 14 December 1828 Batthyány married Freiin Wilhelmine von Ahrenfeld. They had two sons:

* "Obituary", *The Times* (April 26, 1883), 6

## InfoBox

| Gusztáv Batthyány-Strattman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 8 December 1803
Pozsony |
| Died | 25 April 1883(1883-04-25) (aged 79)
Vienna |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Spouse | Wilhelmine von Ahrenfeld |


title: NGC 1531

abstract:
NGC 1531 is a dwarf galaxy in the constellation Eridanus that is interacting with the larger spiral galaxy NGC 1532.
It was discovered by John Herschel on 19 October 1835. Although technically classified as a peculiar lenticular galaxy, the galaxy's structure is better described as amorphous.

text:
# NGC 1531

**NGC 1531** is a dwarf galaxy in the constellation Eridanus that is interacting with the larger spiral galaxy NGC 1532. It was discovered by John Herschel on 19 October 1835. Although technically classified as a peculiar lenticular galaxy, the galaxy's structure is better described as amorphous.

* NGC 4627 \- *a similar interacting dwarf galaxy*
* M51B \- *a similar interacting dwarf galaxy*

## InfoBox

| NGC 1531 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 1531 (above) with large barred spiral galaxy NGC 1532 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Eridanus |
| Right ascension | 04h 11m 59.3s |
| Declination | −32° 51 03 |
| Redshift | 1169 ± 29 km/ |
| Distance | 42.4 million light-years |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.9 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | S0 pec |
| Size | ~15 kly (diameter) |
| Apparent size (V) | 1.3 × 0.9 |
| Other designations | |
| PGC 14635 | |


title: NIAI LK-1

abstract: The LK-1,, was a blended wing four-seat cabin aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1933.

text:
# NIAI LK-1

The **LK-1** (*Leningradskii Kombinat* \- Leningrad combine), (a.k.a. ***Fanera*-2** – "Plywood no.2"), (a.k.a. **NIAI-1**) was a blended wing four-seat cabin aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1933.

## Development

In 1930 the LIIPS (" Leningrad institute for sail and communications engineers") formed a UK GVF ( training centre for civil air fleet), and in turn the UK GVF formed the NIAI (*Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Aero-Institoot (NIAI, "*scientific test aero-institute") which became the focus of several good design engineers who were given command of individual OKB (*Osboye Konstrooktorskoye Byuro* – personal design/construction bureau).

Lisichkin and Rentel designed the LK-1 in an attempt to build a very efficient small transport aircraft with the wing blending into the fuselage, forming the cockpit and cabin, with seats for three passengers and one pilot with extensive glazing. Construction was all of wood/plywood, with a conventional single spar wing with plywood covering. The engine, with Townend ring cowling, was fitted on the centre-line between the cockpits which gave the pilot an asymmetrical view through the leading edge glazing. The fixed tricycle undercarriage was fitted with spats to reduce drag.

Flight trials at Leningrad and state acceptance tests at the NII GVF(*Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot Grazdahnskovo Vozdooshnovo Flota* \- "scientific test institute for civil air fleet"), in Moscow, were very successful and an order for twenty production aircraft with modified tails, spats removed, no Townend ring, and other modifications was placed, for use by Aeroflot inside the USSR and the Arctic.

## Variants

* **NIAI-1P** – (*Poplavkoviy* – with floats), at least one aircraft fitted with twin floats.

## Operators

Soviet Union

## Specifications (LK-1 - production)

*Data from* Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Capacity:** 3
* **Length:** 8.87 m (29 ft 1.25 in)
* **Wingspan:** 12.47 m (40 ft 11 in)
* **Wing area:** 27.6 m2 (297 sq ft)
* **Empty weight:** 746 kg (1,645 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 1,160 kg (2,557 lb)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × M-11 , 74.6 kW (100 hp)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 154 km/h (96 mph, 83 kn)
* **Range:** 850 km (528 mi, 459 nmi)
* **Service ceiling:** 3,370 m (11,000 ft)
* **Rate of climb:** 1.67 m/s (328 ft/min)

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

**Related lists**

* Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1-85532-405-9

## InfoBox

| LK-1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | Transport |
| National origin | USSR |
| Manufacturer | NIAI |
| Designer | Alexei Ivanovich Lisichkin and Vladimir Fedorovich Rentel |
| First flight | May 1933 |
| Number built | 21 |


title: Gustavo Serena

abstract: Gustavo Serena was an Italian actor and film director. He appeared in 107 films between 1909 and 1961. He also directed 33 films between 1912 and 1932. He was born in Naples and died in Rome.

text:
# Gustavo Serena

**Gustavo Serena** (5 October 1881  16 April 1970) was an Italian actor and film director. He appeared in 107 films between 1909 and 1961. He also directed 33 films between 1912 and 1932. He was born in Naples and died in Rome.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Gustavo Serena | |
| --- | --- |
| Serena and Francesca Bertini in *The Lady of the Camellias* (1915) | |
| Born | (1881-10-05)5 October 1881
Naples, Italy |
| Died | 16 April 1970(1970-04-16) (aged 88)
Rome, Italy |
| Other names | Signor Serena |
| Occupation(s) | Actor
Film director |
| Years active | 1912-1961 |


title: NGC 6590

abstract: NGC 6590 is a reflection nebula in the constellation of Sagittarius. This nebula is near the similar reflection nebula NGC 6589. Both nebulas are flanked by red emission nebula IC 1284.

text:
# NGC 6590

**NGC 6590** is a reflection nebula in the constellation of Sagittarius. This nebula is near the similar reflection nebula NGC 6589. Both nebulas are flanked by red emission nebula IC 1284.

* Media related to NGC 6590 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

NGC 6590
| Reflection nebula | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 6590 (bottom left) with NGC 6589 (bottom center) and IC 1284 (top) | |
| Observation data: J2000.0 epoch | |
| Right ascension | 18h 17m 05s |
| Declination | −19° 51 58 |
| Constellation | Sagittarius |
|


abstract: Internally Displaced Person Camp in Lagos is located in the Ibeju Lekki area of Lagos State, and it was established in the first quarter of the year 2016 by the Federal Government to cater for migrants and internally displaced persons in the state as well as served as a re-integration centre. The centre was established in partnership with Web of Hearts, which is a non-governmental organization based in Lagos State. The centre was commissioned by Hajiya Hadiza Sani Kangiwa, who is the Honourable Federal Commissioner, National Commission for Refugees, Migrants, and Internally Displaced Persons According to Hajiya Kangiwa during the commissioning “This centre is to serve as a component of the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) programme. We have set it up in collaboration with Web of Hearts with whom we have recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding to serve as a transit centre where returnee migrants would be provided with counselling services, mentorship, family reunification, skill acquisition, training, temporary accommodation and much more.” Also, the executive director of Web of Hearts, Bose Aggrey believes that the place will motivate stranded Nigerian abroad to return home.

text:
# Internally Displaced Person Camp in Lagos

**Internally Displaced Person Camp in Lagos** is located in the Ibeju Lekki area of Lagos State, and it was established in the first quarter of the year 2016 by the Federal Government to cater for migrants and internally displaced persons in the state as well as served as a re-integration centre.

The centre was established in partnership with Web of Hearts, which is a non-governmental organization based in Lagos State. The centre was commissioned by Hajiya Hadiza Sani Kangiwa, who is the Honourable Federal Commissioner, National Commission for Refugees, Migrants, and Internally Displaced Persons

According to Hajiya Kangiwa during the commissioning “This centre is to serve as a component of the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) programme. We have set it up in collaboration with Web of Hearts with whom we have recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding to serve as a transit centre where returnee migrants would be provided with counselling services, mentorship, family reunification, skill acquisition, training, temporary accommodation and much more.” Also, the executive director of Web of Hearts, Bose Aggrey believes that the place will motivate stranded Nigerian abroad to return home.


title: Every Day's a Saturday

abstract:
"Every Day's a Saturday" is a single by Elemeno P released in 2002.
It has been used in both KFC and Coca-Cola New Zealand TV ads, as has the track "You Are" off their latest album Trouble in Paradise, being used on a Coca-Cola ad.

text:
# Every Day's a Saturday

"**Every Day's a Saturday**" is a single by Elemeno P released in 2002. It has been used in both KFC and Coca-Cola New Zealand TV ads, as has the track "You Are" off their latest album *Trouble in Paradise*, being used on a Coca-Cola ad.

## Track listing

1. "Every Day's a Saturday"
2. "Nirvana" (Big Band Mix)
3. "Some Other Summertime"

## InfoBox

| "Every Day's A Saturday" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Elemeno P | |
| from the album  *Love & Disrespect* | |
| Released | 2002 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 2:51 |
| Label | Universal Records |
| Songwriter(s) | ELemeno P |
| Elemeno P singles chronology | |
| "Fast Times In Tahoe"
(2002) "**Every Day's A Saturday**"
(2002) "Verona (Elemeno P)"
(2005) | |


title: Iffy (song)

abstract: "Iffy" is a song by American singer Chris Brown, released by RCA Records as the lead single from his 10th album Breezy on January 14, 2022.

text:
# Iffy (song)

"**Iffy**" is a song by American singer Chris Brown, released by RCA Records as the lead single from his 10th album *Breezy* on January 14, 2022.

## Background

On the first day of 2022, Brown announced that "Iffy" would be released as the lead single from his upcoming tenth studio album *Breezy*, posting a teaser clip on Instagram with the caption "Breezy Season Coming! 2022 New Era Unlocked". The song ended up being included as the album's bonus track on the standard edition.

## Content

A press release explained that the song's lyrics contain "Brown boasting about his cars and money". According to British radio station *Capital Xtra*, lyrically the song has Brown "discussing cars, jewellery, and other lavish items".

## Music video

An accompanying music video was released on January 14, 2022, and directed by Joseph Kahn. The video was described by Trent Clark of *HipHopDX* as taking place in a "Fast & Furious–type drag racing underworld".

## Charts

### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Iffy"
| Chart (2022) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Global 200 (*Billboard*) | 148 |
| South Africa (TOSAC) | 73 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 75 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 38 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 71 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 25 |
| US R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 12 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

2022 year-end chart performance for "Iffy"
| Chart (2022) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 94 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 26 |

## Release history

"Iffy" release history
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | January 18, 2022 | Rhythmic contemporary radio | RCA |  |
| | Urban contemporary radio | |  |

## InfoBox

| "Iffy" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Chris Brown | |
| from the album  *Breezy* | |
| Released | January 14, 2022 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 2:53 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Chris Brown singles chronology | |
| "Goodbye"
(2021) "**Iffy**"
(2022) "WE (Warm Embrace)"
(2022) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Iffy" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Tsintskaro

abstract: Tsintskaro is a Georgian folk song from the Kakhetian region. Its title is the name of a village in the Kartli region, which translates as "at the spring water". The song is usually performed by a male vocalist and choir. Although this song is unfamiliar to most Westerners, its haunting melody has been used by Western artists, who have incorporated the song into their works of art, such as the 1979 Werner Herzog film Nosferatu the Vampyre, György Fehér's film Szürkület and the 1985 Kate Bush song "Hello Earth".

text:
# Tsintskaro

**Tsintskaro** (Georgian: წინწყარო) is a Georgian folk song from the Kakhetian region. Its title is the name of a village in the Kartli region, which translates as "at the spring water". The song is usually performed by a male vocalist and choir. Although this song is unfamiliar to most Westerners, its haunting melody has been used by Western artists, who have incorporated the song into their works of art, such as the 1979 Werner Herzog film *Nosferatu the Vampyre*, György Fehér's film Szürkület and the 1985 Kate Bush song "Hello Earth".


title: Frank Richter (rower)

abstract: Frank Jörg Richter is a German Olympic rower who won a silver and bronze medal. He is a triple-world champion with the German men's eight.

text:
# Frank Richter (rower)

**Frank Jörg Richter**  (born 22 September 1964 in Hanover, West Germany) is a German Olympic rower who won a silver and bronze medal. He is a triple-world champion with the German men's eight.

## InfoBox

Frank Richter
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's rowing | | |
| Representing  West Germany | | |
| World Rowing Championships | | |
|  | 1990 Tasmania | Men's eight |
| Representing  Germany | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1992 Barcelona | Men's eight |
|  | 1996 Atlanta | Men's eight |
| World Rowing Championships | | |
|  | 1993 Račice | Men's eight |
|  | 1995 Tampere | Men's eight |


title: G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway

abstract: The Hohhot Ring Expressway, designated as G5901 is an expressway in Inner Mongolia, Northern China orbiting the city of Hohhot. This expressway is a branch of G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway.

text:
# G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway

The **Hohhot Ring Expressway** (Chinese: 呼和浩特绕城高速), designated as **G5901** is an expressway in Inner Mongolia, Northern China orbiting the city of Hohhot. This expressway is a branch of G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway.

## Detailed itinerary

| Clockwise | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Continues as  G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway* | | | |
| 1 A-B |
 | G6 Jingla Expressway
G7 Jingxin Expressway |
| 2 |  | G110 Road
*Bayan* |
| 9 |  |  |
|  |  | S29 Hushuo Expressway
X004 Road
*Jinhe* |
| 23 |  | S102 Road
''*Jinhe* |
| **Zhaojun Service Area** | | | | | | |
| 33 |  | G209 Road
*Hohhot-Centre*
*Towards Sha'erqin-Horinger*
 |
| Hohhot Metropolitan Area | | | | | | |
| 47 |  | S31 Hujun Expressway
S103 Road
*Hohhot-Centre* |
| 60 |  | G110 Road
*Taigemu* |
| 61 |  | G6 Jingla Expressway
G7 Jingxin Expressway |
| Concurrent with  G6 Jingla Expressway
Concurrent with  G7 Jingxin Expressway | | | | | | |
| (489) |  | G110 Road
*Hohhot-West*
*Taigemu* |
| Hohhot Metropolitan Area | | | | | | |
| (480) |  | S104 Road
*Hohhot-Centre*
*Towards Wuchuan* |
|  |  | S101 Road
*Towards  G110 Road*
*Hohhot-Centre* |
| Concurrent with  G6 Jingla Expressway
Concurrent with  G7 Jingxin Expressway | | | | | | |
| (1 A-B) |
 | G6 Jingla Expressway
G7 Jingxin Expressway |
| *Continues as  G5901 Hohhot Ring Expressway* | | | |
| Counterclockwise | | |

## InfoBox

| Hohhot Ring Expressway | |
| --- | --- |
| 呼和浩特绕城高速公路 | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 101.7 km (63.2 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| Orbital around Hohhot | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | China |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| G59   G5911 | |


title: Sulcis

abstract: Sulcis is a subregion of Sardinia, Italy, in the Province of South Sardinia. Languages spoken include Italian, Sardinian (Campidanesu) and Ligurian (Tabarchino).

text:
# Sulcis

**Sulcis** (***Maurreddia*** or ***Meurreddia*** in Sardinian language) is a subregion of Sardinia, Italy, in the Province of South Sardinia.

Languages spoken include Italian, Sardinian (Campidanesu) and Ligurian (Tabarchino).

## Geographical extension

Its municipalities are: Calasetta, Carbonia, Carloforte, Giba, Gonnesa, Masainas, Narcao, Nuxis, Perdaxius, Piscinas, Portoscuso, San Giovanni Suergiu, Santadi, Sant'Anna Arresi, Sant'Antioco, Tratalias, Villaperuccio, Teulada.

Part of the region are also the islands of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco.

Today the term "Lower Sulcis" is used to indicate the municipalities that belonged to the old Curatoria of Sulcis (without the Cixerri valley) and, sometimes, it is erroneously attributed to the towns of Pula, Villa San Pietro, Sarroch and Domus de Maria, who never belonged to the territory of ancient Sulci but rather to that of Nora, never belonged to the diocese of Sulci but always to that of Cagliari and, in the Middle Ages, belonged exclusively to the Curatoria of Nuras of the Giudicato of Cagliari.

## History

The oldest traces of human presence in the Sulcis date back to the Mesolithic (9000 BC). From the second half of the fourth millennium BC, in the late Neolithic, the tombs took on the appearance of Domus de Janas, subterranean structures obtained by digging the rock sometimes gathered in vast necropolis as in the case of Montessu.

To the Eneolithic belong the cultures of Monte Claro and of the Bell Beaker which were widely spread in the Sulcis. In the early centuries of the second millennium BC in Sardinia developed the Bonnanaro culture, linked to the previous culture of the bell-shaped vessel to which were added Polada influences; Sulcis is one of the Sardinian territories in which this culture is most strongly represented.

In the Middle Bronze Age also in the Sulcis spread the Nuragic civilization resulting in the construction of dozens of nuraghi (many of which of the complex typology as the Nuraghe Sirai or the Nuraghe Meurra), villages, holy wells and giant tombs. The occurrence of nuraghi in the region seems to strongly be related to elevated outcrops giving the advantage of a raised position and stable foundations.

Sulcis is named after the ancient Phoenician (and then Punic and Roman) city of Sulci (*Solki*), near the present-day Sant'Antioco.

In the Middle Ages the Sulcis was part of a Curatoria of the giudicato of Cagliari which included the entire south-western part of Sardinia. From 1258 to 1355, after the fall of the giudicato, it was under the rule of the pisan della Gherardesca family and then, from 1355, it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Sardinia by the Aragonese.

The medieval diocese of Sulcis retained its name until the move of the seat from Tratalias to Iglesias in 1506. It had two cathedrals: the first in the ancient city of Sulci, the Roman-Byzantine basilica dedicated to the founder of the diocese, Antiochus of Sulcis; the second in a Romanesque church in the village of Tratalias dedicated to Saint Mary of Montserrat.

From the 14th century to the modern era, as a result of wars (Sardinian–Aragonese war), the black plague and saracen raids, this territory was completely depopulated, Giovanni Francesco Fara in 1580 described this region has wild and abandoned. In the 17th century there were only two inhabited villages in the entire Sulcis, Portoscuso and Teulada. In the 18th century, during the Savoy era, began a process of repopulation, mainly carried out by families from the nearby Iglesiente, particularly from Iglesias, who were granted lands of feudal domains for the exercise of the agriculture and pastoralism. The distance of the concessions from the residential centers in the north, in the order of tens of kilometers, was such as to require the construction of permanent settlements for residential purposes and protection of the territory, the so-called *furriadroxius* and the *medaus*. This dynamic has therefore favored a colonization with a population dispersed in scattered settlements of small size, comparable to small modest farms but basically autonomous.

The arrival of new families of settlers, over time, developed a tendency of furriadroxius to congregate around a church. The original settlements, following these enlargements, turned into an aggregated group of more housing units, called *boddeu* (set of furriadroxius), similar to a village but with no roads. Most of the inhabited centers of the Sulcis, today communes or villages, have developed between the 18th and 19th centuries because of expansion of boddeus, taking the name of the ancient medieval centers disappeared. Even the Sant'Antioco Island and the San Pietro Island were repopulated with the birth, near the ancient ruins Sulci, of Sant'Antioco, which developed around the Byzantine era basilica dedicated to the eponymous saint of the island, and Carloforte (1738) and Calasetta (1770), populated by Ligurian refugees coming from the island of Tabarka, Tunisia.

The region has rich coal deposits, commercially exploited since the 1850s. Coal mining has been the primary source of sustenance of the local population for many years. However, after hitting a peak during the Fascist regime with the foundation of Carbonia, coal production has been largely abandoned by the early 1970s. Today, Sulcis is one of the poorest places in Italy, characterized by sky-high unemployment and emigration.

39°06′00″N 8°43′00″E / 39.1000°N 8.7167°E / 39.1000; 8.7167


title: Firoz Chuttipara

abstract: Firoz Chuttipara is an Indian YouTube personality based in Kerala, India. He is better known for his YouTube channel Village Food Channel. Chuttipara is notable for producing food related YouTube videos.

text:
# Firoz Chuttipara

**Firoz Chuttipara** is an Indian YouTube personality based in Kerala, India. He is better known for his YouTube channel **Village Food Channel**. Chuttipara is notable for producing food related YouTube videos.

## Early life and career

Chuttipara was born in Elappully village in Palakkad, Kerala. Firoz worked as a welder in Saudi Arabia from 2007 to 2012. After returning home in 2012, he did not feel like going back. Then he started a photostat shop in his hometown. In 2018, a YouTube channel called Craft Media was launched when the revenue from the shop was not enough. started doing cooking videos in it .The channel grew quickly. Months later, the Craft Media channel was renamed the Village Food Channel. Then he started a YouTube channel called Travel Master and started making personal videos. In the year 2021, he won the award of best food vlogger in 24 News Social Media Awards, the leading news channel in Malayalam.

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | 24 News Social Media Awards | Best Food Vlogger | Won |  |

## InfoBox

| Firoz Chuttipara | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | Firoz Chuttipara,
(1984-05-05) 5 May 1984,
Palakkad, Kerala, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | YouTuber |
| YouTube information | |
| Channels | * Village Food Channel (2018–present) * Travel Master (2018–present) |
| Years active | 2018–present |
| Genre | Cooking |
| Subscribers | 8.21million (Village Food Channel) 1.79million (Travel Master)
(June 2024) |
| Total views | 1.5billion (Village Food Channel) 111.6million (Travel Master)
(June 2024) |
| Creator Awards  100,000 subscribers 2018  1,000,000 subscribers 2019 | |
| ---  *Last updated:* 14 June 2024 | |


title: Firoz Cachalia

abstract: Firoz Cachalia is a South African lawyer and politician who was a Member of the Gauteng Executive Council from 2004 to 2010. Formerly an anti-apartheid activist in the Transvaal, he first joined the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in 1994, representing the African National Congress, and he served as Speaker of the provincial legislature from 1999 to 2004. After he left the provincial government he was appointed as a law professor at Wits University and, from 2022, as the chairperson of the National Anti-Corruption Advisory Council.

text:
# Firoz Cachalia

**Firoz Cachalia** (born 22 July 1958) is a South African lawyer and politician who was a Member of the Gauteng Executive Council from 2004 to 2010. Formerly an anti-apartheid activist in the Transvaal, he first joined the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in 1994, representing the African National Congress, and he served as Speaker of the provincial legislature from 1999 to 2004. After he left the provincial government he was appointed as a law professor at Wits University and, from 2022, as the chairperson of the National Anti-Corruption Advisory Council.

## Early life and education

Cachalia was born on 22 July 1958 in Benoni in the former Transvaal, now part of Gauteng province. His brother is Azhar Cachalia, an activist and judge. In the late 1970s and 1980s, Cachalia was active in anti-apartheid student politics at Wits University; he was detained several times and banned under the Internal Security Act. He also joined the United Democratic Front. In the early 1990s, he worked as a lawyer at Bell Dewar and Hall and as a researcher at the Centre for Applied Legal Studies; he also represented the Transvaal Indian Congress during negotiations at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa. He holds a Bachelor of Arts and an LLB, and in 1996 he received an LLM from the University of Michigan.

## Political career

Cachalia first joined the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in 1994 and he ultimately became Speaker of the provincial legislature from 1999 to 2004. In the legislature he represented the African National Congress; he was also a member of the South African Communist Party.

On 29 April 2004, following the 2004 general election, Cachalia was appointed for the first time to the Gauteng Executive Council; Mbhazima Shilowa, then entering his second term as Premier of Gauteng, appointed him Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Community Safety. He retained that portfolio until the 2009 general election, throughout Shilowa's second term and the brief tenure of Shilowa's successor, Paul Mashatile. From May 2009, under newly elected Premier Nomvula Mokonyane, Cachalia was MEC for Economic Development, a newly created portfolio. However, he was fired from the Executive Council in a cabinet reshuffle announced by Mokonyane on 2 November 2010.

## Academic career

Cachalia subsequently became a professor at the Wits University School of Law. In July 2012, President Jacob Zuma appointed him to a three-year term as non-executive director on the board of the South African Reserve Bank. In September 2022, Cachalia began a three-year term as chairperson of the National Anti-Corruption Advisory Council, a body newly created by Zuma's successor, President Cyril Ramaphosa, to prevent and eradicate corruption and state capture, including by guiding the government's response to the findings of the Zondo Commission. He also served until December 2022 as a member of the National Executive Committee of his political party, the ANC; he was co-opted onto the body in October 2019.

## InfoBox

| Firoz Cachalia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Gauteng Executive Council for Economic Development | |
| **In office**
May 2009  November 2010 | |
| Premier | Nomvula Mokonyane |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
| Succeeded by | Qedani Mahlangu |
| Member of the Gauteng Executive Council for Community Safety | |
| **In office**
April 2004  May 2009 | |
| Premier |  |
| Preceded by | Nomvula Mokonyane (for Safety and Community Liaison) |
| Succeeded by | Khabisi Mosunkutu |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1958-07-22) 22 July 1958
Benoni, Transvaal
Union of South Africa |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Other political
affiliations | South African Communist Party |
| Relations |  |
|  | |