title: Pizzone, Molise

abstract: Pizzone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Campobasso and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Isernia near the Monti della Meta chain.

text:
# Pizzone, Molise

**Pizzone** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Campobasso and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Isernia near the Monti della Meta chain.

## History

The area around Pizzone has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, as proved by a series of lithic artifacts discovered in their respective state and currently held in a museum of Campobasso.

The rocky area around Pizzone was part of a thoroughfare that ran through the Mainardi mountains. During the Samnite period this area linked the commercial and military *touti* separated by the mountains. The road, reaching S. Vito di Colli, Cerro, and crossing the path of S. Francesco, came up to *Aufidena*, now Alfedena. The road was certainly used by the Roman military during the Samnite Wars of the fourth century BC.

The first mention of Pizzone appears in the *Volturnense Chronicle*. A few decades after the destruction at the hand of the Arab invasions of 881 AD, and at the time of the reconstruction of the Abbey of San Vincenzo al Volturno, the lord of the area decided to start populating the area between 935 and 981 with settlers from the land of the Marsi. The villages of Jannini, Roccasecca, Cerquacupa, and Viscurri were created from this; some of their ruins still remain.

Charles II of Anjou granted Pizzone autonomy from the jurisdiction of the Abbey by a decree of 13 October 1295 and the village was assigned as a fief to Andrea of Isernia. After the death of Andrea in 1316, *Pizzonia* (earlier Latin **Piczotum**) was incorporated into Abruzzo Citra (now the Province of Chieti), as shown by Regesti Angevin in 1320. In 1383 the monks had to sell more land around the *Castrum Piczoni* in order to restore the abbey.

According to various sources, the feudal overlords of Pizzone were the Leoness family in the first half of the 14th century, while in the later half the Caldora family took over. Between the 15th and 16th centuries, it became a fief of Pando, who already lorded Venafro, and was later possessed by the Marquis de Bucchis; in 1777 it passed on to Domenico Cestari and finally to the Marquis Pietro Battiloro.

Feudalism was abolished in 1809, after which Pizzone became an autonomous comune. By a decree of 17 February 1861 Pizzone became incorporated into the Region of Molise and later with the creation of the National Park of Abruzzo in 1929.

Saint Nicholas, celebrated on 6 December, is the patron saint of Pizzone, while on 10 June the feast of Saint Liberata is celebrated, featuring a famous statue of her crucified.

## InfoBox

| Pizzone *Pizzóne* | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Pizzone | |
|  | |
| Location of the village of Pizzone within the province of Isernia | |
| Location of Pizzone | |
| PizzoneLocation of Pizzone in ItalyPizzonePizzone (Molise) | |
| Coordinates: 41°40′N 14°2′E / 41.667°N 14.033°E / 41.667; 14.033 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Molise |
| Province | Isernia (IS) |
| *Frazioni* | Ara Antica, Aramerdiara, Ommaro, Pagliarone |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Spini |
| Area | |
| Total | 33.49 km2 (12.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 730 m (2,400 ft) |
| Population (1 January 2021) | |
| Total | 307 |
| Density | 9.2/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pizzonesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 86076 |
| Dialing code | 0865 |
| Patron saint | Saint Liberata |
| Saint day | June 10 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Zoom (dance music group)

abstract: Zoom were a Eurodance group formed in Denmark. Their top hit was "Words", a cover version of the 1982 song by F.R. David. It reached number 7 in Denmark.

text:
# Zoom (dance music group)

**Zoom** were a Eurodance group formed in Denmark. Their top hit was "Words", a cover version of the 1982 song by F.R. David. It reached number 7 in Denmark.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | DEN |
| *Zoom* |  | 29 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | DEN
 | |
| 1998 | "Take Everything" |  | *Zoom* |
| 1999 | "Words" | 7 | |
| | "I Can't Help Myself" |  | |
| | "Hold Tight" |  | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

## InfoBox

| Zoom | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Denmark |
| Genres | Eurodance |
| Years active | 1998–1999 |
| Labels | BMG Records |
|  | |
| Past members | Ali Movasat
Anja
Brandon Kirkham |


title: Ganesa panamensis

abstract: Ganesa panamensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

text:
# Ganesa panamensis

***Ganesa panamensis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

Additional information regarding this species:

* **Taxonomy:** this may be a species of *Dillwynella*, according to Kunze (2011).

W.H. Dall was somewhat puzzled where to place this little shell, which appears to agree in general form very well with *Ganesa nitidiuscula* Jeffreys, as figured in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1883. For the present, Dall referred this species to *Ganesa* provisionally.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 4.5 mm, its diameter 4.75 mm. The shell is rather large for the genus, evenly, roundly turbinate. The nucleus is lost. The shell contains about two and a half subsequent inflated whorls. The suture is distinct. The whorl in front of it narrowly marginate. The polished surface of the shell is smooth, except for fine incremental lines. It shows about ten faint grooves around the very narrowly perforate umbilicus. The simple aperture is rounded. The outer lip is sharp, the inner arcuate and slightly thickened, the body with a thin callus. The operculum has a pale horn color and contains about five whorls.

The foot of the animal is rather short, with several pseudopodial lateral rather stout filaments.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Gulf of Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Ganesa panamensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Skeneidae |
| Genus: | *Ganesa* |
| Species: | ***G. panamensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ganesa panamensis***<br>Dall, 1902 | |
|


title: U.S. Route 350

abstract: U.S. Highway 350 (US 350) is a 73-mile-long (117 km) northeast–southwest United States highway located entirely within the state of Colorado.

text:
# U.S. Route 350

**U.S. Highway 350** (**US 350**) is a 73-mile-long (117 km) northeast–southwest United States highway located entirely within the state of Colorado.

## Route description

US 350 starts at a junction with US 160 northeast of Trinidad. The highway runs northeast, past the Perry Stokes Airport and crossing the Purgatoire River. It then continues the rest of its length along a route chosen by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, and close to the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail. The highway passes just northeast of the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, then crosses Comanche National Grassland before a junction with SH 71 going north. At La Junta, the highway turns east on 5th Street, then north on Barnes Avenue before ending at a junction with US 50.

## History

Until the 1990s, US 350 continued into Trinidad, where it intersected with Interstate 25 (I-25). Prior to the creation of I-25, the road terminated at US 85 and US 87.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Las Animas |  | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 160 / Santa Fe Trail Scenic Byway Trinidad, Springfield | Western terminus |
| Otero |  | 59.412 | 95.614 |
SH 71 north Rocky Ford | Southern terminus of SH 71 |
| | La Junta | 72.464 | 116.620 | US 50 / Santa Fe Trail Scenic Byway Pueblo, Lamar | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/U.S. Route 350KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| U.S. Highway 350 | |
| --- | --- |
| US 350 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Auxiliary route of US 50 | |
| Maintained by CDOT | |
| Length | 72.464 mi (116.620 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | US 160 near Trinidad |
| East end | US 50 in La Junta |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| Counties | Las Animas, Otero |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Colorado State Highway System** | |
| SH 348   SH 368 | |


title: Mask of a Weeping Woman

abstract: Mask of a Weeping Woman is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin, initially produced as a pair with Weeping Woman for the first version of his The Gates of Hell in 1885. The two pieces were intended to appear on the centre of each panel. They were later moved by Rodin himself, who instead placed Mask on the lower part of the left panel.

text:
# Mask of a Weeping Woman

***Mask of a Weeping Woman*** is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin, initially produced as a pair with *Weeping Woman* for the first version of his *The Gates of Hell* in 1885. The two pieces were intended to appear on the centre of each panel. They were later moved by Rodin himself, who instead placed *Mask* on the lower part of the left panel.

## Description

In his 1909 retrospective catalogue of his own works, Rodin described this pair of works as a "face violently creased with sadness and torn by bitter tears and dishevelled hair". He merged her hair with the uneven surface representing her neck, which may suggest that the work was not intended to depict a figure from history of Ovid's *Metamorphoses* as Truman Bartlett supposed. It is different from Rodin's traditional style at that time and differs from his *Mask of Pain*, anticipating instead his *Hanako* series of 1907.

Rodin exhibited a new version of the work at Georges Petit's gallery, created for Edmond Lachenal in memory of a woman.

## InfoBox

| Mask of a Weeping Woman | |
| --- | --- |
| A bronze version of the work at the Museo Soumaya | |
| Artist | Auguste Rodin |
| Year | 1885 |


title: Missionary kid

abstract: Missionary’s kids are the children of missionary parents, and thus born or raised abroad. They form a subset of third culture kids (TCKs). The term is more specifically applied when these children return to their "home" or passport country, and often experience various difficulties identifying with fellow citizens and integrating "back" into their "home" culture. The resulting feeling is described as "reverse culture shock". There is some confusion between the terms MK and TCK. According to the definition developed by Ruth Hill Useem, TCKs are people who have spent a significant part of their developmental years outside their parents' culture. TCK is a broad term that encompasses all children who have grown up abroad. Missionary kids are just one of the many categories of kids who qualify as TCKs. Therefore, while all MKs are TCKs, not all TCKs are MKs. In the past MKs usually were almost exclusively American or European, but there is as of 2014 a growing number of MKs from other countries, especially Protestant Christian MKs from South Korea and from Latin America. Generally, this term applies to Protestant Christians; however, it can be applied to any denomination of a religion.

text:
# Missionary kid

**Missionary’s kids** (or **MKs**) are the children of missionary parents, and thus born or raised abroad (that is, on the "mission-field"). They form a subset of third culture kids (TCKs). The term is more specifically applied when these children return to their "home" or passport country (the country of their citizenship), and often experience various difficulties identifying with fellow citizens and integrating "back" into their "home" culture. The resulting feeling is described as "reverse culture shock".

There is some confusion between the terms MK and TCK. According to the definition developed by Ruth Hill Useem, TCKs are people who have spent a significant part of their developmental years outside their parents' culture. TCK is a broad term that encompasses all children who have grown up abroad (i.e. military kids, diplomats' kids, immigrants). Missionary kids are just one of the many categories of kids who qualify as TCKs. Therefore, while all MKs are TCKs, not all TCKs are MKs.

In the past MKs usually were almost exclusively American or European, but there is as of 2014 a growing number of MKs from other countries, especially Protestant Christian MKs from South Korea and from Latin America. Generally, this term applies to Protestant Christians; however, it can be applied to any denomination of a religion.

## Definition

### Life overseas

While MKs often identify more with the culture or country where they were raised (and this could be multiple cities, countries, or continents) than with where their parents were raised, they are not fully at home in any one culture. David C. Pollock and Van Reken attribute this feeling of displacement, or rootlessness, to a lack of emotional connection to their home culture (where they "should" feel connected). Many MKs find it difficult to answer questions about where they are from or where home is as they may feel more of an emotional connection to their host culture than to their "home" culture. However, at the same time many MKs are completely aware that they can never fully fit into their host culture. This is especially obvious to MKs growing up in countries where they look different from the local population. Pollock and Van Reken developed the PolVan Cultural Identity Model to explain cultural identity in relationship to the surrounding culture. The Model names four categories into which a person can fall based on how they look and think compared to the culture around them:

Foreignerlook *different*, think *different* Adoptedlook *different*, think *alike* Hidden Immigrantlook *alike*, think *different* Mirrorlook *alike*, think *alike*

When MKs first transition to their new or "host" culture, they are in the foreigner category. As they continue the transition and begin to acclimate and feel at home in their host culture, MKs move into the adopted category, often to the point where MKs feel more at home in the host culture than in their passport culture. At this point, the host culture becomes the MK's home culture. Upon returning to their passport culture, MKs often find themselves in the hidden immigrant category. Because they look like their peers, their extended family remembers how they were prior to their international move and expect them to hold similar views and to act as a typical citizen of that passport country would act. However, as hidden immigrants, MKs look like their family and friends, but more often than not hold many differing views and opinions. Additionally, MKs may not be aware of many of the pop culture influences within their passport country, yet are aware of world and regional issues, which most citizens of their passport country are unaware of. This cultural disconnect can cause awkwardness when they return to their passport country.

Children in the MKs' passport countries often find it difficult to relate to missionary children, and vice versa. While MKs may find the lives of their peers in their passport countries to be boring, sometimes creating challenging social situations, passport country kids may be intimidated by MKs' experience abroad. Cultural miscommunications are common and interesting. While MKs often find it difficult to relate to people from their home culture or target culture, they get along with other MKs very well, even those who are missionaries to (or from) a completely different country. It is the commonality of differences that draws MKs together.

MKs tend to be open-minded and tolerant of many diverse cultures. They often feel more at home in culturally rich environments and can be "homesick" for their foreign home. Their knowledge of a country and its culture typically exceeds language fluency. Upon returning to their passport country, MKs possess unique skills that can be helpful to academics and governments. Because of their international experience, they often have a much broader worldview than their peers. This broader worldview can also lead to mixed emotions about their passport country and its foreign policies.

### Return to passport country

Children who immigrate to the United States have similar experience to MKs when it comes to learning a new culture and making cross-cultural transitions. But according to Pollack and Van Reken, what truly distinguishes MKs from children who immigrate to the United States or other countries is "the full expectation that after living for a significant period of their developmental years outside their passport culture, there will come the day when TCKs make a permanent return to that country and culture." MKs return to their passport country for many reasons, including the beginning of their college education, a shift in their parents' career, and even evacuation in more extreme cases. Extended family and friends's excitement at MKs' return does not usually carry over to the MK. The events surrounding an MK's return may be traumatic (such as in the event of an evacuation due to political unrest), but even under normal circumstances MKs' return to their country of citizenship is a cause of stress and grief. Anxiety and depressions are the two emotions most commonly associated with cross-cultural transitions, caused by a sense of vulnerability and loss of control.

To help MKs cope with the transition back to the United States, many colleges, particularly Christian colleges, have chapters of a student organization called "Mu Kappa International". Mu Kappa aims to help MKs and other TCKs with the transition to American culture and college life. Mu Kappa was founded in 1985 at Taylor University, and has since spread to more than forty other American colleges and universities.

Another frequently used method of helping MKs cope with transitioning from their foreign home to their passport culture is through transition seminars. These seminars typically take place during the summer before an MK's freshman year of college and teach MKs the basics of everyday life in America, including putting gas in a car, opening a bank account, grocery shopping, and many other everyday tasks. Additionally, these seminar can help MKs understand how to deal with the grief of permanently transitioning back to their passport country in a healthy way, and how to manage the stress of a new environment and reverse culture shock.

## Sources

* Davis P, Headley K, Bazemore T, Cervo J, Sinkinger P, Windham M, Rehfuss M (2010). "Evaluating Impact of Transition Seminars on Missionary Kids' Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Well-Being". *Journal of Psychology & Theology*. **38** (3): 186–194. doi:10.1177/009164711003800303. S2CID 140488232.
* Klemens MJ, Bikos LH (2009). "Psychological well-being and sociocultural adaptation in college-aged, repatriated, missionary kids". *Mental Health, Religion & Culture*. **12** (7): 721–733. doi:10.1080/13674670903032629. S2CID 144670531.
* Pollock DC, Van Reken RE (2009). *Third culture kids: Growing up among worlds*. Boston: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

### Further reading

* Kingsolver B (1999). *The Poisonwood Bible: A Novel*, Perennial. ISBN 0-06-093053-5.
* Matthiessen P (1965). *At Play in the Fields of the Lord*, Vintage. ISBN 0-679-73741-3.
* Godshalk CS (1999). *Kalimantaan*, Owl Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8050-5534-7.
* Gardner M (2018) *Worlds Apart: A Third Culture Kid's Journey*, Doorlight Publications ISBN 0998223328
* Gardner M (2014) *Between Worlds: Essays on Culture and Belonging*, Doorlight Publications ISBN 0983865388
* Pollock DC and Van Reken R (2001). *Third Culture Kids*. Nicholas Brealey Publishing/Intercultural Press. Yarmouth, Maine. ISBN 1-85788-295-4.
* Parker E and Rumrill-Teece K (2001). *Here Today There Tomorrow*. Foreign Service Youth Foundation, Wash. D.C. ISBN 0-9658538-3-7.
* Hess DJ (1994). *The Whole World Guide to Culture Learning*. Intercultural Press, Yarmouth, ME.
* Kalb R and Welch P (1992). *Moving Your Family Overseas*. Intercultural Press, Yarmouth, ME.
* Kohls RL (1996). *Survival Kit for Overseas Living*. Intercultural Press, Yarmouth, ME.
* Pascoe R (1993). *Culture Shock: Successful Living Abroad*. Graphic Arts, Portland, OR.
* Shames GW (1997). *Transcultural Odysseys: The Evolving Global Consciousness*. Intercultural Press, Yarmouth, ME.
* Storti C (1997). *The Art of Coming Home*. Intercultural Press, Yarmouth, ME.
* Hayward B (2005). *My Diary*.


title: Missione di pace

abstract: Missione di pace is a 2011 Italian black comedy film directed by Francesco Lagi. It was the closer film at the Critics' Week at the 68th Venice International Film Festival.

text:
# Missione di pace

***Missione di pace*** (lit.'Peacekeeping mission') is a 2011 Italian black comedy film directed by Francesco Lagi. It was the closer film at the Critics' Week at the 68th Venice International Film Festival.

## Plot

Captain Vinciguerra, a veteran of the peacekeeping missions, is sent on a mission to Yugoslavia to capture a dangerous criminal on the run. However, the captain has an "enemy" in his family, Giacomo a pacifist, who will drive him crazy during his mission.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Missione di pace | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Francesco Lagi |
| Written by | Umberto Contarello
Filippo Gravino
Francesco Lagi
Marco Pettenello |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Arnaldo Catinari |
| Music by | Bugo |
| Release date | * 9 September 2011 (2011-09-09) (Venice) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | Italy |
| Language | Italian |


title: Gladstone Police Department

abstract: The Gladstone Police Department (GPD) is the law enforcement agency of Gladstone, Oregon, United States.

text:
# Gladstone Police Department

| Gladstone | |
| --- | --- |
| Crime rates\* (2013) | |
| Violent crimes | |
| Homicide | 1 |
| Rape | 5 |
| Robbery | 1 |
| Aggravated assault | 16 |
| Total violent crime | 23 |
| Property crimes | |
| Burglary | 44 |
| Larceny-theft | 220 |
| Motor vehicle theft | 34 |
| Arson | 3 |
| Total property crime | 298 |
| **Notes**
\*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.
2013 population: 11,699
**Source**: 2013 FBI UCR Data | |

The **Gladstone Police Department** (GPD) is the law enforcement agency of Gladstone, Oregon, United States.

## Services

The Gladstone Police Department provides many services to the citizens of Gladstone and the surrounding communities, including:

Patrol Patrol operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, staffed by uniformed police officers and sergeants. These officers provide 9-1-1 and emergency response, along with responding to routine requests for service and assistance. Traffic With portions of Interstate 205 and Oregon Route 99E falling within city limits, in addition to many local roads, traffic enforcement along with accident response and investigation are a major function of GPD. Detective GPD staffs 2 full-time police detectives that investigate various felony crimes. School Resource Officer The department dedicates a uniformed school resource officer (SRO) for Gladstone School District, along with a high-visibility SRO vehicle. Municipal Ordinance Specialist With a focus on maintaining a high standard of community livability, GPD staffs a Municipal Ordinance Specialist (MOS) to enforce compliance of city code. Reserve Police Officers In addition to the 15 full-time sworn personnel, GPD maintains an active reserve officer program, fully staffed with 5 volunteer police officers. Other Services In addition to the above, GPD maintains a number of other activities and functions, such as a records unit, property and evidence, and a citizen volunteer program.

## Location

GPD currently shares a building with City Hall, and is located on Gladstone's main street, Portland Avenue.

## Ranks

| Title | Insignia |
| --- | --- |
| Chief of Police |  |
| Lieutenant |  |
| Sergeant |  |
| Police Officer/Detective |  |
|

## History

The Gladstone Police Department was founded the same year as Gladstone itself, in 1911. In a state that was only a little more than 50 years old, early Gladstone was very rural, and its police force spent much of its time dealing with rural problems, such as rounding up escaped livestock. In 1913, a large, rabid bulldog was reported to have been menacing the Gladstone's citizens. Chief Miller's last official act as chief, before leaving the position to be a full-time postmaster, was to kill the bulldog. In 1918, GPD appointed a "special woman policeman" to help with combating the 1918 flu pandemic.

Gladstone fired officer Lynn Benton due to the murder of his wife in May 2011. Benton was fired in December 2011, and was later charged with the murder. The department eliminated its canine unit in April 2014. In 2014, GPD received accreditation for attaining a high standard of professionalism, making it one of only 20% of Oregon law enforcement agencies to have received accreditation at that time. Chief Jim Pryde retired early in 2015 after issues with the city council over his paid consulting work.

### Police chiefs past and present

Source:

* Asa F. Parker (1911 – 1912)
* Morton Bell (1912 – 1913)
* William H. Miller (1913)
* Percy A. Cross (1913 – 1916)
* Victor Gault (1916)
* Morton Bell (1916)
* R.L. Blancharce (1916 – 1919)
* Thomas E. Gault (1919 – 1925)
* J.C. Wallace (1925 – 1928)
* Harry Morrell (1928 – 1934)
* Henry Strebig (1934 – 1938)
* George Fisner (1938 – 1943)
* Henry Streibig (1943 – 1945)
* Fred Smith (1945 – 1946)
* Henry Strebig (1947)
* Louis Biby (1947 – 1951)
* Clarence E. Moore (1951 – 1957)
* William A. Lewis (1957 – 1961)
* Charles L. McCarthy (1962 – 1965)
* William D. Preble (1966 – 1970)
* David R. Clemens (1970 – 1981)
* Max Patterson (1982 – 1990)
* Robert Beard (interim chief) (1990 – 1991)
* Robert King (1991 – 2002)
* Richard Rye (interim chief) (2002)
* Willie F. Grace (2002 – 2008)
* Joe Simon (interim chief) (2008 – 2009)
* Jim Pryde (2009 – 2015)
* Lee Jundt (interim chief) (2015)
* Jeff Jolley (interim to fully appointed) (2015 – current)

1. "Chief's Message | Gladstone, Oregon".
2. "Gladstone Police Department". *www.ci.gladstone.or.us*. Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
3. "Gladstone Police Department Contacts". *www.ci.gladstone.or.us*. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
4. Bella, Rick (September 23, 2014). "Gladstone's school resource officer showcases hot-looking patrol car". *www.oregonlive.com*. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
5. "Gladstone Police Department FAQ". *www.ci.gladstone.or.us*. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
6. "Gladstone Police Department Past". *www.ci.gladstone.or.us*. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
7. "Municipal Dairy is Gladstone Idea" (PDF). *Morning Enterprise*. Oregon City, OR. July 4, 1913. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2015.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
8. "Huge Bulldog Mad; At Large" (PDF). *Morning Enterprise*. Oregon City, OR. July 25, 1913. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2015.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
9. "Police Chief Quits Job at Gladstone" (PDF). *Morning Enterprise*. Oregon City, OR. September 13, 1913. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2015.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
10. "Special Woman Policeman Now On Duty At Gladstone" (PDF). *Oregon City Courier*. Oregon City, OR. December 12, 1918. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2015.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
11. Bella, Rick (December 22, 2011). "City fires cop linked to plot". *The Oregonian*.
12. Mayes, Steve (November 8, 2012). "Former Gladstone officer faces murder charges". *The Oregonian*.
13. Edwards, Victoria (July 14, 2012). "Bizarre murder still haunts town". *The Oregonian*.
14. Mayes, Steve (May 20, 2015). "Trial of Lynn Benton, former cop accused of killing his wife, will be postponed for several months". *The Oregonian/OregonLive*. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
15. Wilkes, Byron (April 14, 2014). "Police dogs". *The Oregonian*. p. A4.
16. Bella, Rick (September 10, 2014). "Gladstone Police Department officially accredited". *www.oregonlive.com*. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
17. Rendleman, Raymond (March 2, 2015). "Gladstone Police Chief Jim Pryde's sudden exit leaves lingering issues". *Portland Tribune*. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
18. Rendleman, Raymond (March 6, 2015). "Documents reveal Police Chief Jim Pryde's final dealings with Gladstone". *Portland Tribune*. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
19. Bailey Jr., Everton (March 28, 2015). "Gladstone police chief's early exit caps sometimes-rocky tenure". *The Oregonian/OregonLive*. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
20. Bailey, Everton (2 March 2015). "Gladstone police chief retires months earlier than planned in 'mutual' decision with city". The Oregonian. Retrieved 6 March 2015.

## InfoBox

| Gladstone Police Department | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Abbreviation | GPD |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1911 |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| General nature |  |
| Operational structure | |
| Police Officers | 15 |
| Civilians | 5 |
| Agency executive | * John Schmerber, Chief of Police |
| Website | |
| www.ci.gladstone.or.us/gladstonepolicechief | |


title: Ulf Norinder

abstract: Ulf Stellan Albert Johnsson-Norinder was a racing driver from Sweden who competed in multiple classes including non-championship Formula One and the Le Mans 24 hour race in the 1960s and 1970s.

text:
# Ulf Norinder

**Ulf Stellan Albert Johnsson-Norinder** (19 May 1934 – 14 November 1978) was a racing driver from Sweden who competed in multiple classes including non-championship Formula One and the Le Mans 24 hour race in the 1960s and 1970s.

## Career

### Early years

Norinder began his career with an entry in the 1956 Kanonloppet. Using a Ferrari 500 Mondial he failed to finish.

He finished 7th in the 1958 Eläintarhan ajot, using a Maserati 200S, 18th in the Cuban Grand Prix with a Porsche and 7th again in the Grand Prix of Naples with a Maserati. He did not finish in the Grand Prix des Frontières and although entered in the Nürburgring 1,000 km race, did not start. He shared a Porsche 356A with compatriot Jo Bonnier at the 12 Hours of Reims, finishing 12th. At the Governor's Trophy in Nassau he finished 2nd in his heat and 8th in the main race. He did not finish in the Nassau Trophy and was 7th in the Nassau Memorial race all with the Maserati.

In 1959, Norinder only competed in the Governor's Trophy series at Nassau in December. He entered four events finishing sixth in the Governors Trophy itself but 29th in the Nassau Trophy (fifth in class).

He shared a Porsche 356A with American driver John Cuevas at the 12 hours of Sebring in 1960 but did not finish. He also failed to finish in the Copenhagen Cup but was 6th in the 1960 Kanonloppet with a Porsche 718, 7th in the Nassau TT, 4th in a sports car race at Nassau and 9th in the Nassau Trophy, all using a Porsche 718.

Norinder competed in the 1961 Kanonloppet, run that year to Formula One regulations, using a Porsche 718 entered by Ecurie Maarsbergen. He qualified ninth but retired after spinning off.

In 1962, Norinder competed in the Swedish Formula Junior Championship, using a Lotus 22-Cosworth. He finished second in the championship with 17 points.

He finished 2nd in the 1963 Vastkustloppet (GT Class over 1,150 cc (70 cu in)), 6th in the sportscar class at the Kanonloppet and 6th in the Coppa Inter-Europe at Monza, all using a Ferrari 250 GTO.

Norinder entered the 1964 Targa Florio in a Ferrari 250 GTO alongside Picko Per Troberg. The car finished ninth overall and second in the GT 3.0 class.

Norinder finished second in a sportscar race at Keimola in 1966 and fourth in the AvD Rheinland-Pfalz Preis, Nürburgring using a Porsche 906.

Norinder competed in the 1968 Le Mans 24 hour race alongside Sten Axelsson in a Lola T70. They retired after 5 hours (47 laps). Some sources show that the car was disqualified. Co-driven by Robin Widdows he failed to finish in the Nürburgring 1,000 km and the 1000 km of Paris. However, he achieved several podium finishes in sportscar races using a Porsche 911.

### British Formula 5000 Championship and later career (1969–1977)

In 1969 Norinder competed in the Guards Formula 5000 Championship, using a Lola T142 achieving one podium finish and seventh place in the overall standings. He also competed in the 1969 Kanonloppet (sportscars) finishing seventh in a Lola T70.

In 1970, Norinder competed in the Guards Championship finishing 11th. That year he also competed in the 1970 Tasman Series with a Lola T190-Chevrolet. Three sixth-place finishes and a third at the final round at Sandown yielded seven points and ninth-place in the overall standings. The car was also entered for the 1970 Oulton Park Gold Cup but was driven by Tony Lanfranchi who qualified 13th but did not start.

He competed in the 1971 BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone using a McLaren M18-Chevrolet. The event was run to Formula One rules but was also a round of the British Formula 5000 championship and was run over two heats. Norinder finished 20th and 14th in the two races, which resulted in an aggregate position of 15th overall. He competed in four races in the series resulting in 13th place with 6 points.

1971 was Norinder's last year of major competition although he did appear in the 1977 Puss&Kram Super Star Cup in a Chevrolet Camaro Z28.

### Career highlights

(key)

| Year | Series/event | Entrant | Co-driver | Car | Overall position | Class position | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | Swedish Formula Junior Championship |  |  | Lotus 22 | **2nd** |  |  |
| 1963 | Vastkustloppet – sportscars over 1,150 cc (70 cu in) | Ulf Norinder |  | Ferrari 250 GTO | **2nd** |  |  |
| 1964 | Targa Florio | Ulf Norinder | Picko Per Troberg | Ferrari 250 GTO | 9th | **2nd** (GT 3.0 class) |  |
| 1966 | Keimola sportscars | Ulf Norinder |  | Porsche 906 | **2nd** |  |  |
| 1970 | Tasman Series (round 7, Sandown) | Ulf Norinder |  | Lola T190-Chevrolet | **3rd** |  |  |

### Non-championship Formula One results

(key)

| Season | Series/event | Entrant | Car | Position | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | Kanonloppet | Ecurie Maarsbergen | Porsche 718 | Ret |  |
| 1971 | International Trophy | Trojan | McLaren M18 | 15† |  |

† Aggregate position over two heats

## Personal life and death

Norinder was married three times and at the time of his death was engaged to be married for a fourth time. He died in Monaco on 14 November 1978. Some sources claim that he died as a result of suicide.

He had an uncredited part as a driver in the 1968 Swedish film *Het snö*.

## InfoBox

| Ulf Norinder | |
| --- | --- |
| Norinder at the 1956 Kanonloppet (Ferrari 500) | |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Born | (1934-05-19)19 May 1934
Bollnas, Halsingland, Sweden |
| Died | 14 November 1978(1978-11-14) (aged 44)
Monaco |
| European F5000 Championship | |
| Years active | 1969–1971 |
| Teams | Privateer, Trojan |
| Starts | 23 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Best finish | 7th in 1969 |


abstract: Unfinished Business is the debut studio album by English singer Nathan Sykes. It was released on 11 November 2016, by Global Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings. The album features two guest vocals from American singer Ariana Grande, and American rapper G-Eazy.

text:
# Unfinished Business (Nathan Sykes album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Renowned for Sound* |  |

***Unfinished Business*** is the debut studio album by English singer Nathan Sykes. It was released on 11 November 2016, by Global Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings. The album features two guest vocals from American singer Ariana Grande, and American rapper G-Eazy.

## Background

In 2014, the concept for the album came about when the British-based dance-pop band The Wanted began parted ways with each other on a hiatus, while Nathan himself decided that he wanted to pursue a solo career. In March 2015, Sykes debuted as a solo artist and released his first music video for the track, called "More Than You'll Ever Know" on his Vevo account. Sykes went on his first solo tour on 8 April 2015, which included six sold-out shows in the United Kingdom. Sykes announced via the app Periscope that the debut single from his album would be called "Kiss Me Quick". The single was released on 28 June 2015. On 21 May 2015, Sykes released a music video for his debut single, "Kiss Me Quick" on his Vevo account. The song peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart.

In October 2015, Sykes announced that his second single from the album would be called "Over and Over Again". The music video for the song was released in the UK on 28 October 2015. It was released worldwide on 20 November 2015. In March 2016, it was announced that Sykes would support the girl group Little Mix on their Get Weird Tour. Sykes announced that his third single from the album would be called "Give It Up", and would be released on 13 May 2016. The music video for "Give It Up" was released on 27 April 2016, and was later banned from television after numerous scenes were deemed unsuitable for most audiences. On 26 July 2016, Sykes announced that his debut studio album would be called *Unfinished Business*, and would be released on 4 November 2016. However, on 12 October 2016, Sykes announced that the album would be released one week later than originally planned on 11 November 2016.

## Track listing

*Unfinished Business* – Standard edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Good Things Come to Those Who Wait" |  | Sjolie | 3:38 |
| 2. | "Kiss Me Quick" |  |  | 3:07 |
| 3. | "Money" |  | Samuels | 3:18 |
| 4. | "Freedom" | * Sykes * Chapman * Tennant * Bonnick | LDN Noise | 2:51 |
| 5. | "Twist" |  | * Samuels * Riley | 4:01 |
| 6. | "I Can't Be Mad" |  |  | 4:07 |
| 7. | "There's Only One of You" | * Sykes * Tim Woodcock | Woodcock | 3:54 |
| 8. | "Famous" | * Sykes * Samuels * Major Johnson Finley * Reece * Edgar "JV" Etienne | Samuels | 4:10 |
| 9. | "Give It Up" (featuring G-Eazy) |  | * Bell * Burnett | 3:27 |
| 10. | "More Than You'll Ever Know" | * Sykes * Riley * Scribz Riley * Kurtis McKenzie * John Mills | Riley | 3:25 |
| 11. | "Over and Over Again" | * Sykes * Samuels * Reece * Finley | * Samuels * Sykes | 4:07 |
| 12. | "I'll Remember You" | * Sykes * Courtney Harrel * Dernst Emile II * Abrahart | Dernst Emile II | 4:06 |
| Total length: | | | | 44:11 |

*Unfinished Business* – Deluxe edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Tears in the Rain" |  | Watters | 4:23 |
| 14. | "Over and Over Again" (featuring Ariana Grande) | * Sykes * Samuels * Reece * Finley | * Samuels * Sykes | 4:06 |
| 15. | "Taken" | Diane Warren |  | 2:48 |
| 16. | "Burn Me Down" | * Sykes * Al Sherrod Lambert * Samuels * Etienne * Finley | Samuels | 3:59 |
| Total length: | | | | 59:27 |

*Unfinished Business* – Vinyl Double LP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17. | "I'd Rather Lose" |  |

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 19 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 11 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 2 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Unfinished Business | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nathan Sykes | |
| Released | 11 November 2016 |
| Recorded | 2014–16 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 44:11 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Unfinished Business* | |
| 1. "Kiss Me Quick"
Released: 28 June 2015 2. "Over and Over Again"
Released: 18 October 2015 3. "Give It Up"
Released: 29 April 2016 4. "Famous"
Released: 30 September 2016 5. "There's Only One of You"
Released: 29 December 2016 | |
|  | |


title: Girdwood, Anchorage, Alaska

abstract: Girdwood is a resort town within the southern extent of the Municipality of Anchorage in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located near the end of the Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet, Girdwood lies in a valley in the southwestern Chugach Mountains, surrounded by seven glaciers feeding into a number of creeks, which either converge within the valley or empty directly into the arm. Girdwood is typically accessed by the Seward Highway, with the main line of the Alaska Railroad paralleling the highway. By road distance, most of the community lies within 35 to 40 miles of Downtown Anchorage. The 2019 American Community Survey estimates a population of 1,742 in the valley. Founded as a community to supply miners during the Turnagain Arm gold rushes of the 1890s, Girdwood was mostly a small, quiet place until the middle of the 20th century. Two events drastically altered that. The first was the establishment of Alyeska Resort along the slopes of Mount Alyeska, which became an international destination coincidental with Anchorage's civic promotion of itself as "The Air Crossroads of the World". The second was the 1964 earthquake, which devastated the original townsite located directly along the arm. Following the earthquake, most of the town moved further up the valley to a new townsite, though a few homes remained and a strip mall was later constructed along the Seward Highway. Historically dominated in the years since the resort's opening by seasonally-occupied vacation homes and seasonal activity at the resort, the opening of the Alyeska Prince Hotel during the 1990s has shifted the resort, and hence Girdwood as a whole, more towards year-round activity and a year-round economy. This has led to periodic debates about community growth and affordability of housing for resort workers, many of whom over the years have resorted to camping illegally on public lands. Girdwood still revolves heavily around seasonal activity, with skiing and snowboarding at Alyeska Resort bringing visitors and their money into the community. Summer activities are also popular, which include hiking, fishing and rafting. The Girdwood Forest Fair, held every July, is the community's most significant visitor attraction apart from resort-related activities. Girdwood is located within the northernmost extent of rain forest on Earth, and also serves as the closest point of access to Chugach National Forest from Anchorage proper.

text:
# Girdwood, Anchorage, Alaska

**Girdwood** is a resort town within the southern extent of the Municipality of Anchorage in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located near the end of the Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet, Girdwood lies in a valley in the southwestern Chugach Mountains, surrounded by seven glaciers feeding into a number of creeks, which either converge within the valley or empty directly into the arm. Girdwood is typically accessed by the Seward Highway (Milepost 90), with the main line of the Alaska Railroad paralleling the highway. By road distance, most of the community lies within 35 to 40 miles (56 to 64 km) of Downtown Anchorage. The 2019 American Community Survey estimates a population of 1,742 in the valley.

Founded as a community to supply miners during the Turnagain Arm gold rushes of the 1890s, Girdwood was mostly a small, quiet place until the middle of the 20th century. Two events drastically altered that. The first was the establishment of Alyeska Resort along the slopes of Mount Alyeska, which became an international destination coincidental with Anchorage's civic promotion of itself as "The Air Crossroads of the World". The second was the 1964 earthquake, which devastated the original townsite located directly along the arm. Following the earthquake, most of the town moved further up the valley to a new townsite, though a few homes remained and a strip mall was later constructed along the Seward Highway. Historically dominated in the years since the resort's opening by seasonally-occupied vacation homes and seasonal activity at the resort, the opening of the Alyeska Prince Hotel during the 1990s has shifted the resort, and hence Girdwood as a whole, more towards year-round activity and a year-round economy. This has led to periodic debates about community growth and affordability of housing for resort workers, many of whom over the years have resorted to camping illegally on public lands.

Girdwood still revolves heavily around seasonal activity, with skiing and snowboarding at Alyeska Resort bringing visitors and their money into the community. Summer activities are also popular, which include hiking, fishing and rafting. The Girdwood Forest Fair, held every July, is the community's most significant visitor attraction apart from resort-related activities. Girdwood is located within the northernmost extent of rain forest on Earth, and also serves as the closest point of access to Chugach National Forest from Anchorage proper.

## History

Originally called "Glacier City," Girdwood was founded as a supply camp for placer gold miners with claims along the creeks feeding Turnagain Arm. It was renamed for Colonel James Girdwood, a Belfast-born, Scots-Irish entrepreneur and linen merchant who staked the first four gold claims along Crow Creek in 1896.

The town was moved 2.5 miles (4.0 km) up the valley after the devastating Good Friday earthquake of 1964, when the land under the original townsite subsided into Turnagain Arm, putting much of the town below high tide. The nearby settlement of Alyeska was abandoned and most of its inhabitants moved to the new Girdwood townsite as well. The land has not all since been reclaimed, as one can still see inundated cabins in the marshy areas into which the city formerly extended. Significant earthquakes are a relatively common occurrence for Girdwood and the Kenai peninsula. Evidence indicates the area has seen six major quakes in the past 3,300 years.

Girdwood was incorporated as a city in 1961 and was absorbed into the Municipality of Anchorage in 1975, when the Greater Anchorage Area Borough unified with Anchorage and the borough's smaller cities.

The town has served as a backdrop for at least two films: *The Chechahcos*, a 1924 silent film about the Klondike Gold Rush, and Warren Miller's 1997 *Snowriders II*. Girdwood was the home of Alaska's former senior U.S. Senator Ted Stevens, and Girdwood found itself in the media spotlight when the construction projects on Stevens' home became the subject of a federal investigation. Olympic gold and silver medal-winning skier Tommy Moe also called Girdwood home during his high school years, during which he attended Glacier Creek Academy.

Girdwood was shown on CBS on January 20, 2008, as the finish line for *The Amazing Race 12*.

## Geography

### Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Girdwood has a subarctic climate, abbreviated "Dfc" on climate maps.

| Climate data for Girdwood (Alyeska Ski Resort), 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1963−present | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 57
(14) | 53
(12) | 57
(14) | 67
(19) | 78
(26) | 85
(29) | 89
(32) | 88
(31) | 73
(23) | 63
(17) | 51
(11) | 50
(10) | 89
(32) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 42.0
(5.6) | 42.9
(6.1) | 45.6
(7.6) | 54.4
(12.4) | 68.0
(20.0) | 75.7
(24.3) | 77.3
(25.2) | 75.3
(24.1) | 65.7
(18.7) | 54.5
(12.5) | 44.5
(6.9) | 41.2
(5.1) | 79.1
(26.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 27.1
(−2.7) | 31.4
(−0.3) | 35.7
(2.1) | 45.5
(7.5) | 55.4
(13.0) | 63.8
(17.7) | 66.5
(19.2) | 64.5
(18.1) | 56.3
(13.5) | 44.4
(6.9) | 32.7
(0.4) | 29.4
(−1.4) | 46.1
(7.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 22.0
(−5.6) | 25.4
(−3.7) | 27.6
(−2.4) | 37.1
(2.8) | 46.2
(7.9) | 54.2
(12.3) | 58.1
(14.5) | 56.0
(13.3) | 48.5
(9.2) | 38.0
(3.3) | 27.4
(−2.6) | 24.3
(−4.3) | 38.7
(3.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 16.8
(−8.4) | 19.3
(−7.1) | 19.5
(−6.9) | 28.7
(−1.8) | 37.0
(2.8) | 44.7
(7.1) | 49.6
(9.8) | 47.6
(8.7) | 40.8
(4.9) | 31.5
(−0.3) | 22.2
(−5.4) | 19.2
(−7.1) | 31.4
(−0.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −5.0
(−20.6) | 0.0
(−17.8) | 4.0
(−15.6) | 16.1
(−8.8) | 29.8
(−1.2) | 37.2
(2.9) | 43.0
(6.1) | 39.1
(3.9) | 29.6
(−1.3) | 17.2
(−8.2) | 3.7
(−15.7) | −0.9
(−18.3) | −7.4
(−21.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −30
(−34) | −24
(−31) | −18
(−28) | −2
(−19) | 24
(−4) | 31
(−1) | 32
(0) | 30
(−1) | 17
(−8) | 2
(−17) | −15
(−26) | −18
(−28) | −30
(−34) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 7.34
(186) | 6.57
(167) | 5.37
(136) | 5.25
(133) | 3.99
(101) | 2.21
(56) | 2.66
(68) | 4.86
(123) | 8.26
(210) | 7.78
(198) | 7.65
(194) | 8.98
(228) | 70.92
(1,800) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 37.4
(95) | 36.6
(93) | 37.5
(95) | 9.6
(24) | 1.2
(3.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 8.1
(21) | 29.9
(76) | 54.2
(138) | 214.5
(545) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 18.9 | 17.7 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 14.2 | 11.9 | 14.4 | 16.8 | 19.6 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 21.8 | 204.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 11.0 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 9.3 | 14.0 | 62.0 |
| Source 1: WRCC | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | 79 |  |  |
| 1960 | 63 |  | −20.3% |
| 1970 | 144 |  | 128.6% |
| 2020 | 2,025 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Girdwood first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated as a city in 1961 and merged into Anchorage in 1975.

## Notable residents

60°56′33″N 149°09′59″W / 60.94250°N 149.16639°W / 60.94250; -149.16639


title: Mobile World Congress

abstract: MWC Barcelona is an annual trade show dedicated to the mobile communications industry. The event is held in Barcelona, Spain, at the Fira de Barcelona Gran Via, usually in February or early March. It is attended primarily by device manufacturers, network equipment providers, representatives of wireless carriers, and the press, among others. Its annual attendance is generally around 100,000 people, while mobile phone manufacturers often use the conference to unveil upcoming devices. The event is organised by the GSM Association (GSMA). GSMA has extended the MWC brand to three other trade shows in Shanghai, China, Kigali, Rwanda and Las Vegas, United States, but the brand remains most synonymous with the Barcelona event.

text:
# Mobile World Congress

**MWC Barcelona** (formerly but still commonly referred to as **Mobile World Congress**) is an annual trade show dedicated to the mobile communications industry.

The event is held in Barcelona, Spain, at the Fira de Barcelona Gran Via, usually in February or early March. It is attended primarily by device manufacturers, network equipment providers, representatives of wireless carriers, and the press, among others. Its annual attendance is generally around 100,000 people, while mobile phone manufacturers often use the conference to unveil upcoming devices.

The event is organised by the GSM Association (GSMA). GSMA has extended the MWC brand to three other trade shows in Shanghai, China (MWC Shanghai), Kigali, Rwanda (MWC Kigali, formerly MWC Africa) and Las Vegas, United States (MWC Las Vegas, formerly MWC Los Angeles), but the brand remains most synonymous with the Barcelona event.

## History

The name of the event has evolved over the years. The event's origin traces back to a business conference on "Pan Europe Digital Cellular Radio" (the original working name of the GSM mobile system) held in Brussels in 1987.

The name "GSM World Congress" was first used in 1990 when the event was held in Rome. For the next few years, the event moved to a new city each time, passing through Nice, Berlin, Lisbon, Athens, and Madrid, before setting in 1996 in Cannes. The event was held in Cannes for ten consecutive years, with the name evolving to **3GSM World Congress** from 2003.

In 2006, the event moved to Barcelona, held at the Fira de Barcelona Montjuïc. In 2008 the GSM Association, which had been formed in 1996 and had taken an increasing interest in the event, completed the purchase of the show with the name changing to Mobile World Congress for the first time. The GSMA endorsed the International Mobile Gaming Awards in 2008, which were held at the event from then until 2012. In 2011, GSMA announced a long-term deal to continue hosting the event in Barcelona through 2023.

Starting in 2013, Mobile World Congress has been held at the Fira de Barcelona Gran Via.

In February 2020, a large number of vendors announced plans to withdraw from the then-upcoming show, tentatively scheduled for 24–27 February, due to concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic (magnified by the strong Chinese presence in the telecom industry). This included major vendors and operators such as Deutsche Telekom, Ericsson, Intel, LG, Nokia, STMicroelectronics, Vivo, and Vodafone. On 11 February 2020, it was reported that GSMA was considering cancelling the event entirely; health measures were already to be instituted, including a requirement for Chinese attendees to undergo a two-week quarantine prior to the event, as well as body temperature checks of attendees. Chinese vendor Huawei, as well as Samsung, announced plans to remain with a reduced presence, with Huawei primarily sending its European executives only. On 12 February 2020, GSMA CEO John Hoffman announced that MWC 2020 had been cancelled, stating that the event had become "impossible" to host under these conditions.

In April 2020, it was announced that Barcelona will continue hosting the event until 2024 as a consequence of cancellation of MWC 2020.

On 23 September 2020, due to the potential of COVID-19 to affect the 2021 event, the GSMA announced that it would postpone the Mobile World Congress Barcelona to the last week of June.

On 17 March 2021, GSMA stated the 2021 edition would still proceed with a controlled maximum number of 50,000 attendees. At least 10 large exhibitors announced their withdrawal, including Ericsson, Nokia, Facebook, Sony and Cisco. BT was the first Tier 1 telco to announce their withdrawal.

In 2022, from 28 February to 3 March, the Mobile World Congress took place. The mobile technology convention anticipated over 1,800 attendees and exhibitors from 183 countries. All participants were required to have a PCR test or vaccination certificate to take part in congress. At the 2023 Mobile World Congress, companies including Huawei and Qualcomm discussed the future of 5G-Advanced, or 5.5G technology.

At the 2024 Mobile World Congress, Lenovo unveiled the world's first transparent laptop.

## International editions

In 2015, GSMA's Mobile Asia Expo was renamed Mobile World Congress Shanghai.

In 2016, CTIA announced a partnership with GSMA to replace its annual Super Mobility trade show for the U.S. wireless industry with Mobile World Congress Americas, beginning 2017. The event was first held in San Francisco, before moving to Los Angeles for 2018.

## InfoBox

| MWC Barcelona | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Entrance of MWC Barcelona 2019 | |
| Status | Active |
| Genre | Mobile communications |
| Date(s) | 26 February – 29 February 2024 |
| Venue | Fira de Barcelona Gran Via |
| Location(s) | Barcelona |
| Country | Spain |
| Inaugurated | 1987 (1987) (as GSM World Congress) |
| Attendance | 109,500 (2019) |
| Organised by | GSMA |
| Website | www.mwcbarcelona.com |


title: Umedpur

abstract: Umedpur is a village in Pirojpur District in the Barisal Division of southwestern Bangladesh.

text:
# Umedpur

**Umedpur** is a village in Pirojpur District in the Barisal Division of southwestern Bangladesh.

1. "NGA GeoName Database". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2008-07-14.

## InfoBox

| Umedpur | |
| --- | --- |
| UmedpurLocation in Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates: 22°31′N 89°59′E / 22.517°N 89.983°E / 22.517; 89.983 | |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Division | Barisal Division |
| District | Pirojpur District |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (Bangladesh Time) |


title: Umeed (1962 film)

abstract: Umeed is a 1962 Indian Hindi romantic drama film directed by Nitin Bose, with Ashok Kumar, Joy Mukherjee, Nanda, Leela Naidu, Agha and Leela Mishra playing the lead roles. The film has a hit music by Ravi and lyrics by Shakeel Badayuni with song like Mujhe Ishq Hai Tujh Hi Se sung by Mohammed Rafi becoming all-time hit. In a rare instance, Ravi, the music director sang two of the songs too in the movie.

text:
# Umeed (1962 film)

***Umeed*** is a 1962 Indian Hindi romantic drama film directed by Nitin Bose, with Ashok Kumar, Joy Mukherjee, Nanda, Leela Naidu, Agha and Leela Mishra playing the lead roles.

The film has a hit music by Ravi and lyrics by Shakeel Badayuni with song like *Mujhe Ishq Hai Tujh Hi Se* sung by Mohammed Rafi becoming all-time hit. In a rare instance, Ravi, the music director sang two of the songs too in the movie.

## Cast

* Ashok Kumar as Jwalaprasad
* Joy Mukherjee as Shankar
* Nanda as Leela
* Leela Naidu as Mala
* Kartar Singh as Sikh man gatekeeper at mill
* Leela Mishra as Leela Naidu
* Tarun Bose as Shukla
* Jankidas
* Chandrima Bhaduri as Shankar's Mother
* Sabita Chatterjee as Rosie
* Ravikant as Doctor
* Nazir Kashmiri as Servant
* Madhumati as Dancer, singer
* Jeevan Kala as Dancer, singer
* Laxmi Chhaya as Dancer, singer

## Soundtrack

| Tracklist | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Song | Singer |
| "Insaan Ji Raha Hai Umeed Ke Sahare" | Ravi |
| "Mera Dil Hai Pyar Ka Aashiyan" | Ravi |
| "Mujhe Ishq Hai Tujh Hi Se" | Mohammed Rafi |
| "Aaja Meri Jaan Tere Qurbaan" | Mahendra Kapoor, Usha Mangeshkar |
| "Dil Ko Bachana Babuji, Na Aana Tum Kabhi" | Asha Bhosle, Usha Mangeshkar |
| "Humne Chaha Magar Keh Na Paaye" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Thodi Si Aur Pee Le, O Rangeele" | Asha Bhosle |
|

## InfoBox

| Umeed | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Nitin Bose |
| Produced by | Rajan Sahai |
| Starring |  |
| Edited by | Bimal Roy |
| Music by |  |
| Release date | * 1962 (1962) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Gladstone road network

abstract: Gladstone road network is a group of roads that provide access to the urban areas of Gladstone in Queensland, Australia, and enable travel between the communities. Most of the roads retain their original road or street names, and are not well known by their official names.

text:
# Gladstone road network

**Gladstone road network** is a group of roads that provide access to the urban areas of Gladstone in Queensland, Australia, and enable travel between the communities. Most of the roads retain their original road or street names, and are not well known by their official names.

## Roads in the network

In addition to the Bruce Highway and the Dawson Highway, the network consists of the following state-controlled roads:

### Boyne Island Road

Boyne Island Road is a state-controlled district road (number 1806), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Gladstone–Benaraby Road in Boyne Island to Tannum Sands Road in Tannum Sands, a distance of 8.4 kilometres (5.2 mi). It does not intersect with any state-controlled road.

### Gladstone Port Access Road

| Gladstone Port AccessRoad | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Gladstone–Mount Larcom Road, Gladstone Central to Hopper Road, Barney Point |
| Length | 0.85 km (0.53 mi; 2,800 ft) |

Gladstone Port Access Road is a state-controlled regional road (number 183). It runs from Gladstone–Benaraby Road in Gladstone Central to Hopper Road in Barney Point, a distance of 0.85 kilometres (0.53 mi). It does not intersect with any state-controlled road.

## InfoBox

| Boyne Island Road | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Gladstone–Benaraby Road, Boyne Island to Tannum Sands Road, Tannum Sands |
| Length | 8.4 km (5.2 mi) |


title: Mode series

abstract: The Mode series is a quartet of novels by Piers Anthony. Like many of Anthony's other fictional works, it explores many themes and ideas. This series has themes of violence, the abuse of power, sexism and male dominance, gender roles, the environment, integrity and personal honor, sapient animal life, parallel and alternative evolution, space travel, alternate dimensions, paradox, obscure concepts in physics and mathematics, sexual assault and abuse, child and adolescent sexuality, and suicide. Though initially marketed as fantasy, the Mode series is similar to the Incarnations of Immortality and the Apprentice Adept series, blending fantasy and science fiction.

text:
# Mode series

The ***Mode*** **series** is a quartet of novels by Piers Anthony. Like many of Anthony's other fictional works, it explores many themes and ideas. This series has themes of violence, the abuse of power, sexism and male dominance, gender roles, the environment, integrity and personal honor, sapient animal life, parallel and alternative evolution, space travel, alternate dimensions, paradox, obscure concepts in physics and mathematics, sexual assault and abuse, child and adolescent sexuality, and suicide.

Though initially marketed as fantasy, the *Mode* series is similar to the *Incarnations of Immortality* and the *Apprentice Adept* series, blending fantasy and science fiction.

## Mode theory

*Mode*, in the series, is another word for "reality" or "universe." The philosophy is heavily inspired by eastern philosophies. The Virtual Mode is like a three-dimensional plane that cuts across many realities. It requires five points, represented both by anchor modes and anchor persons, to hold it in place. When someone hears the call of the Virtual Mode, he may reach out with his mind and set his anchor point, thereby becoming an anchor person. When two or more persons act in tandem to attach the Virtual Mode, both will become anchors. Only anchor persons may travel freely on the Virtual Mode; other travelers must remain in contact with the anchors lest they become lost in one of the non-anchor modes. In addition, only objects from anchor modes may be transported on the Virtual Mode; any other materials will remain in their mode of origin. Once the anchor point is fixed, mode travelers may step in and out of the Virtual Mode at that point, thereby being able to interact fully in the anchor reality. Anchor persons may only travel ten feet across non-anchor modes before crossing the border into the next reality. Though each mode is only ten feet deep, it is infinitely wide; anchor persons may travel as far as they like to the side as long as they don't cross the border. Each reality is like an individual sheet of mica, and when each individual plane is placed next to others, together they form the whole Virtual Mode. Each mode has its own rules which determine which aspects of science and magic will work there.

Only the death or purposeful release of an anchor person can free an anchor point. When that happens, the Virtual Mode is unstable until another person invokes their anchor. Few people are able to sense the Virtual Mode; only those who can may become anchor persons. In the series, those who invoke the Virtual Mode are typically individuals who have some great need for change in, or escape from, their current situation that only access to the Virtual Mode will provide. In addition, the Chip that invokes the Virtual Mode has different settings which determine the realities that will be included in any given Virtual Mode. Though it can be set to include only modes populated by human beings, the Virtual Mode in the novels is set instead to include sapience of any type, including non-living beings such as machines.

## Novels

### *Virtual Mode*

Colene, who appears to be bright and popular at school, secretly flirts with suicide and cutting herself for emotional release. Her death wish prompts her to approach a strange man that she finds in a ditch on her way home from school, and her relationship with Darius begins.

Darius and Colene rapidly fall in love, but he regretfully leaves her when she cannot bring herself to accept that he is from a magical reality. After his departure, Colene realizes he was telling the truth, and, in despair, she prepares to commit suicide. Back in his own mode, Darius realizes that he loves Colene too much to give her up. He therefore uses a magical device called the Chip to create a Virtual Mode so he can travel back to Colene.

Colene quickly seizes the opportunity to become an anchor person and sets out along her side of the Virtual Mode. On her way, she befriends Seqiro, a telepathic stallion and, to Colene's joy and surprise, another anchor. As Sequiro joins her in traveling the Virtual Mode, she opens up to him and reveals the source of her depressive and suicidal nature; she had been raped at a party by several older boys but did not report the incident out of fear of humiliation and because she had become drunk during the party. The two make rapid progress towards Darius' mode until they are unexpectedly trapped in DoOon, home mode of the emperor Ddwng, who is the anchor for his world. Forced to suffer captivity thinly veiled as hospitality, Colene and Seqiro must wait for Darius to arrive.

Meanwhile, Darius has encountered another anchor—Provos, a strange older woman, while traveling toward Colene. Able to remember the future, she is able to help him avoid or defeat many hazards on the Virtual Mode. Eventually, they reach a series of beacons, which they follow to DoOon.

Darius and Colene reunite, but are almost immediately separated. Ddwng, who wants to coerce Darius into giving him the Chip, assesses his personality by sending him on a mission to another planet. Though Darius is reluctant to accede to the emperor's request, Ddwng threatens Colene and Darius finally agrees.

Though Darius considers his promise binding, Colene prompts Seqiro to use his telepathy to trick Ddwng into freeing his anchor. He does, and Colene, Darius, Seqiro, and Provos slide through the modes to the new anchor, Oria.

Fractal Mode
| Author | Piers Anthony |
| --- | --- |
| Cover artist | Daniel R. Horne |
| Language | English |
| Series | Mode |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Ace/Putnam |
| Publication date | January 1992 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 344 (paperback edition) |
| ISBN | 978-0-441-25126-1 (paperback edition) |
| Preceded by | *Virtual Mode* |
| Followed by | *Chaos Mode* |

### *Fractal Mode*

Nona is the woman ordained to bring the anima, the force of female magic, to her home planet of Oria, which is part of a fractal universe. In order to summon the Megaplayers, a group of musical giants, to help her, she dances by a sea cliff and unwittingly becomes the new anchor person.

After Colene, Darius, Seqiro, and Provos arrive in Julia Mode, Nona and her friend Stave prompt them to report to the nearest despot castle. Though the despots attempt to discredit Darius, rape Colene, and steal Seqiro, the four companions escape captivity and rejoin Nona and Stave. They help Nona travel to Jupiter, where she again seeks the Megaplayers. Angus, a native of Jupiter, advises Nona on how to bring the anima and ferries the party back to Oria.

Nona, who must stand on a specific rad to summon the magic of the anima, has no idea how to find the correct one. Colene and Provos travel back to Earth in order to learn enough nomenclature to allow Colene to help Nona number the rads. While in the Earth mode, Colene rescues an abused girl, Esta, and her uncle, Slick, from a life of crime and despair. Though Slick and Esta plan to flee the country together, a police pursuit forces them to seek refuge on the Virtual Mode.

Meanwhile, Darius, Seqiro, Nona, and Stave have been forced to hide from the despots in the underwater caves of the rabble, a community of quasi-humans who are able to transform their bodies. Though the rabble initially plan to force all four companions to remain until they breed with one thousand rabble each, they agree to free Darius, Seqiro, and Nona if Stave will remain for four thousand breedings. Nona promises to allow four thousand rabble to live on the surface after she brings the anima, whereupon they will release Stave.

Colene and her companions return to Oria and reunite with the rest of the anchor persons. Colene helps Nona find the correct rad while the others distract the despots, and Nona successfully invokes the anima, shifting the magic of Oria to favor women. Nona joins the party on the Virtual Mode, and they return to Provos' anchor, where Provos plans to adopt Slick and Esta as son and granddaughter. Provos releases her anchor, and Colene, Darius, Seqiro, and Nona slide through the Virtual Mode to the newest anchor, Shale.

Chaos Mode
| Author | Piers Anthony |
| --- | --- |
| Cover artist | Daniel R. Horne |
| Language | English |
| Series | Mode |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Ace/Putnam |
| Publication date | 1993 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 358 (paperback edition) |
| ISBN | 978-0-441-00132-3 (paperback edition) |
| Preceded by | *Fractal Mode* |
| Followed by | *DoOon Mode* |

### *Chaos Mode*

Burgess, a hiver, acted as a diplomat to other hives. After he contacted a hive which suffered from the mental disease of bigotry, his own hive cast him out and forced him to flee across the plains. Bereft of his community, he eagerly becomes an anchor person and joins the companions of the Virtual Mode. Colene, Darius, Seqiro, and Nona are initially concerned that the new anchor person may be an alien monster, but Seqiro soon helps Nona to establish mental contact, and their fears are allayed. Colene soon realizes that this reality is the product of Earth's alternative evolution, and she names the mode Shale and the new anchor Burgess.

Though the party plans to continue traveling the Virtual Mode, Colene is soon pursued by the mind predator which once attacked Provos. The anchor persons, attacked by the hivers near the anchor point, are forced to spend several days in Shale. While there, each of the humans learns to relate to Burgess, and Burgess declares the strange group to be his new hive. Though the companions encounter many hostile native creatures, they are eventually able to reach the anchor point and return to the Virtual Mode.

As the companions approach the Julia mode, the mind predator returns and attacks Colene. Only Burgess seems able to mitigate the effect, so he carries Colene while the pursuit continues. The party, once again forced to wait in an anchor mode, soon discovers that Oria is in a martial state due to the lack of strong magical leadership. Because Nona doesn't want to remain and become queen, she enlists Angus' help to recruit Amazons from a slightly larger anima world to become regents on Oria. Afterwards, Nona feels free to return to the Virtual Mode with the others.

As they travel toward Earth, Burgess' health begins to fail, and the anchor persons plan to spend some time in the Earth mode while he recuperates. Colene and Nona enlist the help of Amos Forell to cure Burgess' malady, which turns out to be a magnesium deficiency. In order to repay Amos, Darius and Seqiro help a troubled boy by spreading his despair to his unsympathetic community. While in the bad part of town, they are also able to seek revenge on the group of delinquents who mugged Darius in the first novel, as well as the boys who raped Colene. Colene reconciles with her parents, who agree to allow her to marry Darius, but she misses her own wedding while tiding Burgess through a bad reaction. Nona, however, acts as Colene's proxy, so Darius and Colene do become legally married on Earth.

While passing through the modes of the telepathic animals, Colene is once again attacked by the mind predator. The companions, forced to seek refuge in Seqiro's mode, discover a mare who has been mind-blasted, telepathically attacked and stripped of her memories. Colene heals the mare by imprinting her with the character of her imaginary friend, Maresy Doats. After defeating his rival Koturo, Seqiro becomes herd stallion. Though he would prefer to remain on the Virtual Mode, Seqiro is forced to free his anchor to relieve Colene of the mind predator's pursuit. Colene, Darius, Nona, and Burgess slide through the modes until they reach the newest anchor mode, DoOon.

DoOon Mode
| Author | Piers Anthony |
| --- | --- |
| Cover artist | Daniel R. Horne |
| Language | English |
| Series | Mode |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Tom Doherty Associates, LLC |
| Publication date | April 2001 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 377 (paperback edition) |
| ISBN | 978-0-8125-7542-2 (paperback edition) |
| Preceded by | *Chaos Mode* |

### *DoOon Mode*

Because the Feline trio of Tom, Cat, and Pussy are in disgrace, they enter a dangerous contest to regain their social status. After the Felines and their Caprine companions win the competition, a no-holds-barred game of capture the flag, they are educated about Colene and Darius and trained to become the next mode anchors. The six nulls, along with four unknown individuals, become co-anchors as soon as Seqiro frees his anchor, and Colene, Darius, Nona, and Burgess are immediately captured by Ddwng.

The companions are taken to the primitive planet Chains, where they are forced to remain until Darius agrees to give the Chip to Ddwng. While there, Burgess and the humans form close bonds with the Felines and with Doe, the Caprine female. Colene persuades the predatory dragons of the world to prey on rats instead of nulls, and Darius agrees to give Ddwng the Chip in return for the continued safety of Chains and its inhabitants.

Once on the Virtual Mode, the party attempts to evade the pursuit of the four unknown anchor persons. Colene regains mental contact with Seqiro, but the mind predator soon finds her, and the group must return to Earth. When Colene discovers her mother Morna is the victim of hallucinations brought on by improper medical treatment, she and her companions force the insurance representative to approve RTMS, an experimental treatment, to cure Colene's and Morna's depression. Nona, Burgess, and Tom repay Amos Forell for his financial help by giving him one of Tom's alien germs to claim as a scientific discovery. Colene returns after one week of her two-week treatment, and the anchor persons return to the Virtual Mode.

Unfortunately, the mind predator soon finds Colene, and the companions attempt to wait it out by staying in Oria. Though one of the regents tries to persuade Nona to stay and become queen, she is unwilling to leave the Virtual Mode. The mind predator remains tenacious, however, and Nona is forced to free her anchor. Nona, who has been engaging in sexual intercourse with Tom, asks him to stay in Julia mode and marry her. Tom loves Nona and realizes his trio is facing destruction anyway, so he agrees.

As soon as Nona frees her anchor, Seqiro and Maresy become co-anchors. Colene, Darius, Burgess, Cat, and Pussy slide to the Horse Mode, where the horses join the party. After passing through several more modes, one of which is or resembles Xanth, the companions finally arrive at Darius' home mode. Burgess and the horses settle comfortably on a pasture dais and Colene and Pussy join Darius' household.

After obtaining the Chip, Cat returns to DoOon to discharge his commitment, and Darius shuts down the Virtual Mode. Though Cat is honest, Ddwng suspects treachery and plans to torture it. Cat uses its link to Seqiro and the Key it has secretly swallowed to rescue Doe from Chains, though her trio is destroyed. After transporting back to Darius' mode, Cat and Doe recover, and the Felines adopt Doe as the third member of their new trio.

Though Colene and Darius are married and home at last, Colene remains unable to perform sexually. Pussy convinces Colene to face the mind predator in order to come to terms with her worst fears. After an intense psychological battle, Colene defeats the mind predator, and she is finally healed.

## Anchor modes

### Earth, late 20th century

Colene's anchor mode is a contemporary town or small city in Oklahoma. This mode is portrayed realistically, with ordinary laws of physics; however, psionic power and some other forms of magic are functional though somewhat limited.

Colene's house, which is in the suburbs, is close enough to her school that she is able to walk there. Colene calls her house the "Charles Mansion," a pun on Charles Manson. She spends much of her time in Dogwood Bumshed, a wooden shed behind the house, so named because of the dogwood tree it stands under and as a pun on the comic strip character Dagwood Bumstead. Dogwood Bumshed is slightly larger than a playhouse. Colene stores her important possessions there, such as her journal and her picture of a horse, captioned *For Whom Was That Neigh?*, which is the basis for her imaginary pet horse, "Maresy Doats".

### The Cyngdom of Hlahtar

The specific name of Darius' anchor mode is unknown; Colene calls it the "Land of Laughter" or the "Kingdom of Laughter." Sympathetic magic (such as emotional transfer and conjuration) is native to this mode. Psionic power is operational.

The people of Darius' mode live and work on daises high above the ground, due to the numerous sharp crystals covering the land surface. The crystals are multicolored, as are the clouds in the sky. Trees have green trunks and black leaves, and feed from the nutrients contained in the colored clouds. The people wear clothes Colene describes as "Oriental," and women are required to wear secure halters and diapers under their clothing in order to hide their feminine contours. Sexual expression is an important part of culture: concubines are common, and the age of consent is non-existent.

The Mode series makes a referential crossover into the Xanth series in Question Quest, where the Good Magician Humfrey makes a note in his book about Darius being the "Cyng of Hlahtar".

### The Horse Mode

Seqiro's anchor mode, which remains unnamed, is the home of primitive humans and telepathic horses.

The horses, though of inferior intelligence, rule by borrowing the mental potential of their human servants. Horses are socially stratified; notably, a lead stallion heads each community. Their telepathic powers can be used not only to communicate, but to control their servants or increase their ability or skill. They are also capable of stunning humans with a telepathic attack, or even "mind-blasting" other horses, effectively erasing their personalities.

Nearby modes are dominated by telepathic animals of different species (bears, for example).

### Provos's mode

The name of Provos's anchor mode is unknown, and little time is spent there in the novels. The people possess a unique kind of prescience: they remember the future, but not the past. They are highly environmentally-conscious and seem to have a symbiotic relationship with their environment. Houses are tall and narrow so as to avoid interfering with the environment, and are anchored by guy-wires to the thick yellow-trunked and blue-leaved trees. Farming is done wherever space is available without clearing the land. People travel by walking or by public transportation in the form of a large, tame snake with attached seats, which travels along a channel rather like a monorail. Food is organic, and clothing is made of natural fibers.

### DoOon

Ddwng's anchor mode, pronounced /duˈən/, is a super-science reality in which psionic power, including emotional transfer, is possible in limited form, but sympathetic magic is non-operational.

The people of the primary planet have created technology which is able to bypass some of the laws of physics, such as the speed of light, making FTL travel possible. They have refined the science of genetic engineering; people suffer from no genetic diseases and few effects of aging. They are also able to manufacture android-like beings called "nulls" from leftover genetic material. In addition, interstellar travel has made it possible for them to conquer and colonize many of the planets of their galaxy and beyond.

Ddwng's people, though scientifically advanced, have tastes Colene describes as "lowbrow American." In addition, the more powerful members of the mode seem quite ruthless and cruel: in the past, they had attempted to conquer their neighboring modes in order to exploit their resources. Due to these actions, a confederation of other modes confined the DoOon to their home mode and prevented their use of Virtual Mode chips. Leaders possess pain dials that can be used to cause pain directly to the nervous system of anyone within the radius of the possessor. Pain dial levels are graded, rather like *Star Trek* phasers or The Machine in *The Princess Bride*.

### Julia

Nona's anchor mode corresponds to the planet Earth, but in a universe which is fractal, rather than spherical, in nature. Her planet, Oria, is one rad on a Mandelbrot set in a Julia universe. Psionic power (not including emotional transfer), conjuration, levitation, and various other magic is operational; however, ordinary laws of physics such the square–cube ratio do not apply.

The culture resembles that of the Middle Ages: the social structure is similar to the feudal system, and few advances have been made in technology. The peasant class has few rights, and women are expected to marry and produce offspring. Because even peasants are expected to possess the magic of simple illusion, those who do not become outcasts, or "rabble," and are forced to live under the land's surface.

Every few generations, the source of power on each planet shifts between animus, the male force, and anima, the female force. When the animus is in power, firstborn men possess the greater magic and a woman loses her magic as she gives birth to more children. When the anima is in power, lastborn women possess the greater magic, and a woman's magic grows as she gives birth to more children. Sex and social class is easily identifiable by tunic color: black and white are worn by the men and women, respectively, who are empowered by the animus; blue and red are worn by the men and women, respectively, who are empowered by the anima. Those of unknown rank wear green, and animals wear yellow.

### Shale

Burgess' anchor mode is the product of alternative evolution on Earth, predicated on the assumption that, had the creatures of the Burgess Shale survived the Cambrian period, evolution might never have given rise to chordates. Shale is populated by hivers, such as Burgess, and evolved versions of many other creatures, such as giant land crabs, giant *Hallucigenia*, land-bound *Marella*, and giant *Anomalocaris*. Most of the creatures of this mode seem largely predatory in nature. For example, the beach area is populated by shears, flying creatures with scissor-like beaks that attack in swarms, and the ground of the plains area conceals huge carnivorous underground worms. Hivers such as Burgess appear to be the only creatures that have created a form of civilization.

## Characters

### Primary characters

ColeneColene, the protagonist, is a fourteen-year-old girl, a high school freshman from Oklahoma. Though pretty and popular, she has a dark secret: stresses from her dysfunctional family and lasting depression from a past rape have made her suicidal. Incredibly intelligent and creative, she is also stubborn, willful, and somewhat immature at times. Her past experiences have given her an urge to flirt with death and a tendency to sexual exhibitionism. Colene has a great love of horses, and writes letters to an imaginary friend named "Maresy Doats" based on a picture of a horse. DariusDarius is Cyng of Hlahtar, the one responsible for the emotional transfer of joy to the people of his homeland. Darius is handsome and intelligent, but without great physical prowess. Though mature, he is still considered a young man in his culture, and he holds somewhat romantic notions about the nature of his post. Darius' code of ethics is rigid, and he considers his honor binding and ultimate. SeqiroSeqiro is a telepathic horse, a large stallion of approximately eighteen hands. Though he possesses little native intelligence, he is adept at relating to human minds and using their intelligence to buttress and enhance his own. Because the other leading stallions felt threatened by Seqiro, they attempted to confine him to his stall. Seqiro appreciates female human company, particularly Nona's, but his ultimate love and loyalty lie with Colene. NonaNona is the "ninth of the ninth"—the ninth daughter of the eighth daughter of the seventh, back nine generations. The significance of her birth gives her strong magic and the ability to bring the anima, the female magical force. She also possesses significant physical beauty and musical skill. Though she is kind and relatively intelligent, her extreme innocence and naïveté hamper her ability to adapt to some situations. BurgessBurgess is a hiver, the evolutionary equivalent of a human being in the Shale Mode. Because he is unable to return to his own hive, he joins the party of anchor persons out of necessity. He soon adapts to their mode of communication, even though he is unaccustomed to individuality and emotion. Unhampered by human foibles, he is direct and honest, and sometimes surprisingly insightful, particularly regarding Colene. PussyPussy is a seductive null of the Feline persuasion. Like other female nulls, she is trained to provide for her employer's sexual and emotional needs. CatCat is a neuter null of the Feline persuasion. Imminently calm and rational, he is the intellectual backbone of his null trio. TomTom is a muscular male null of the Feline persuasion. Though trained to be relentless in physical combat, he is rather insecure in emotional matters.

### Significant secondary characters

**Provos**, an older woman who can effectively remember the future but cannot foresee the past. She becomes an anchor because her memory of future events has become foggy — there's a blank space which troubles her, and she quests to recover these lost memories. Because of her backward memory, the others have difficulty communicating with her to any great extent.

**Maresy Doats**, a fictional mare to whom Colene addresses her journal entries. She represents Colene's mature and rational self, and Colene considers Maresy her best friend until she meets Seqiro. Late in the series, Maresy becomes incarnate in a telepathic mare from Sequiro's Mode whose memories and personality have been erased due to persecution from the dominant horses of that society. Rather than leave the mare mentally impaired, Colene uses her improving telepathic power to imprint the personality of "Maresy Doats" upon the mare; in the process, Colene essentially creates the perfect mate for Sequiro.

**Ddwng**, pronounced /dəˈdʊŋ/, is the emperor of the DoOon. Ruthless and unethical, Ddwng is determined to coerce Darius into giving him the Chip that will allow him to travel to and exploit the Virtual Mode. Though clever, he is extremely suspicious, particularly after having been previously balked.

**The mind predator**, a creature of the Virtual Mode who attacks travelers whose minds are in conflict. It first attempts to feed on Provos, but later pursues Colene. It can be escaped by crossing into anchor modes, where it cannot pursue.

**Prima**, a mode traveler from a mode similar to Darius' home who was captured on the Virtual Mode. Prima possesses an ability to magnify joy which rivals Kublai's; in their youth, they sought to place Prima in post as Cyng of Hlahtar, but were denied because of sexual bias.

**Doe**, a null of the Caprine persuasion, has the appearance of a beautiful woman with a face suggestive of that of a goat.

**Garret**, Colene's father. A victim of depression and the spouse of an alcoholic, Garret seeks to avoid troubles at home by having extramarital affairs. Though often absent, he attempts to be understanding to Colene and encourages her when she seeks to become more independent.

**Morna**, Colene's mother. A victim of chronic, untreated depression, Morna turns to alcohol to dull her pain. Though she is aware of her husband's infidelity, she generally avoids conflict lest he criticize her for her alcoholism. Brought up Roman Catholic, she attempts to instill many of her traditional values in Colene.

**Amos Forell**, aspiring biologist and Colene's former eighth grade science teacher.

**Kublai**, a former Cyng of Hlahtar who assumes Darius' post while he is traveling the Virtual Mode. After being forced to marry and discard many women during his tenure, Kublai has finally married Koren, the woman he loves.

**Koren**, once Kublai's wife, must instead become his mistress while he performs the role of Cyng of Hlahtar.

**Angus**, a giant from the planet Jupiter in the Julia Mode who helps Nona after becoming enraptured with her music.

**Slick**, a member of the criminal underworld in Colene's home town. Though he is a hired killer who carries a straight razor, he longs for a normal life. Slick longs to see his niece Esta, but her mother, his sister, has barred him from doing so because of his unsavory connections.

**Esta**, Slick's niece, is a depressive twelve-year-old with an unhappy home life.

**Stave**, a peasant of Oria, is a friend and possible love interest of Nona.

### Significance of character names

**Colene** is the anglicized form of the name Cailín, which means "girl" in Irish.

**Darius** was a common name for kings in ancient Persia.

**Maresy Doats** is named for the song "Mairzy Doats." Colene was unaware of the proper spelling at the time she named her imaginary friend.

**Kublai** is reminiscent of Kublai Khan, a Chinese emperor.

**Koren** is possibly derived from the Greek word *kore*, "maiden."

**Prima** may be a feminization of Primus, which means "first" in Latin.

**Tom** is the name for a male cat and may also be a shortened form of *tomcat*, a slang term indicating sexual promiscuity.

**Pussy** is a double-entendre on the name for a female cat and a slang term for the female sex organ. Female cats are more commonly called "queens."

**Nona** means "ninth" in Latin.

**Burgess**‘ real name is a series of electrical impulses, so Colene calls him after the Burgess Shale.

**Doe** is a generic name for female animals of several hoofed species. Though a female goat may be called a "doe," they are often called "nannies" as well.

**Morna** is the anglicized form of Muirne, which means "beloved" in Irish. It also sounds similar to the word *mourn*, meaning "to grieve."

## Patterns

* For much of the series, the anchor persons are telepathically linked with the help of Seqiro. Thoughts are written as italics.
* The *Mode* series is written in alternating third person limited perspective. Out of all four novels, Seqiro's perspective is used in only one chapter.
* Seqiro's voice is usually written as italics. Only in Burgess' perspective are Seqiro's thoughts voiced with quotation marks.
* Burgess' voice is written as narration, or indirect quotes.
* Each of the first three novels ends with a member of the party letting go of their anchor and a new member taking hold.
* Each of the first three novels ends with Colene saying, "Uh-oh," or "Oh, no," as the party meets the new anchor person.
* The titles of the novels generally indicate where the most time is spent in each. In *Virtual Mode*, much time is spent on the Virtual Mode itself. In *Fractal Mode*, the primary setting is Julia Mode, a fractal universe. *Chaos Mode* is fragmented, with several sections set in various anchor modes and a great deal of time spent on the Virtual Mode as well. DoOon is the setting for approximately half of *DoOon Mode*.
* The Earth Mode is visited at least once in each novel.
* Colene recounts her rape in each novel.

## Publication

According to Piers Anthony in the author's note to *DoOon Mode*, the series achieved limited release due to an error on the part of a representative of the initial publishing company, Ace/Putnam. Because the number of paperback copies ordered is based on the number of hardcovers sold, the series never achieved the widespread popularity Anthony had hoped for. Subsequent novels in the series continued to suffer from the inadequate sales of the first, finally finding Anthony unable to find a publisher for the fourth novel. Anthony credits the Internet with raising his awareness of fan support for the series and of alternative publishing methods. Though the final book, *DoOon Mode*, was eventually published by Tor, an imprint of Tom Doherty Associates, LLC, its publication was delayed until 2001, eleven years after the writing of the first book, *Virtual Mode*.

## InfoBox

Virtual Mode
| Author | Piers Anthony |
| --- | --- |
| Cover artist | Daniel R. Horne |
| Language | English |
| Series | Mode |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Ace-Putnam |
| Publication date | February 1991 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 323 (paperback edition) |
| ISBN | 978-0-441-86503-1 (paperback edition) |
| OCLC | 24895560 |
| Followed by | *Fractal Mode* |


title: Mobile Anisotropy Telescope

abstract: The Mobile Anisotropy Telescope (MAT), also known as the Mobile Anisotropy Telescope on Cerro Toco was a ground-based radio telescope experiment to measure the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The experiment was conducted at an observation site on the southern slopes of Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. It was a collaboration between the physics departments at Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. The telescope refitted the gondola and receiver from the QMAP experiment, mounted on a donated Nike Ajax trailer. Observations were taken in 1997 and 1998 from the Cerro Toco site, at an elevation of approximately 5,200 m, with measurements of the angular power spectrum of the CMB in the multipole moment range of 50 to 400.

text:
# Mobile Anisotropy Telescope

The **Mobile Anisotropy Telescope** (**MAT**), also known as the **Mobile Anisotropy Telescope on Cerro Toco** (**MAT/TOCO** or **TOCO**) was a ground-based radio telescope experiment to measure the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The experiment was conducted at an observation site on the southern slopes of Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. It was a collaboration between the physics departments at Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania.

The telescope refitted the gondola and receiver from the QMAP experiment, mounted on a donated Nike Ajax trailer. Observations were taken in 1997 and 1998 from the Cerro Toco site, at an elevation of approximately 5,200 m (17,000 ft), with measurements of the angular power spectrum of the CMB in the multipole moment range of 50 to 400.

## Instrumentation

The receiver was equipped with SIS and HEMT detector systems with two SIS channels operated at 144 GHz and six HEMT channels, two with center frequencies of 31 GHz (Ka band) and four with center frequencies of 42 GHz (Q band). The two SIS mixers observed one beam each, with one SIS mixer at 0.2 degrees and the other at 0.3 degree. The Ka band HEMT channels observed the same pixel in the sky, orthogonally polarized to each other. Whereas the Q band HEMT channels observed two independent pixels in the sky, with two orthogonal polarizations for each pixel.

The optics consisted of a 0.86 m off-axis parabolic mirror and a computer-controlled chopper mirror. An array of corrugated feed horns connected the optics to the receiver.

## Results

The experiment aided in the detection of the first peak of the CMB's anisotropy power spectrum.

## InfoBox

Mobile Anisotropy Telescope
| Location(s) | Cerro Toco, Atacama Desert, Chile |
| --- | --- |
| Telescope style | cosmic microwave background experiment<br>radio telescope |
| Website | Princeton University MAT site University of Pennsylvania MAT site |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |