title: National Route 9 (Argentina)

abstract: National Route 9 is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy. It starts on Avenida General Paz, which marks the border between the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the surrounding province of the same name, and ends at the Horacio Guzmán International Bridge, on the La Quiaca River, traversing 1,967 km (1,222 mi). The road is a limited access motorway from Buenos Aires to Rosario. Between the cities of San Nicolás de los Arroyos and Rosario, the road is named Teniente General Juan José Valle.

text:
# National Route 9 (Argentina)

**National Route 9** (in Spanish, ***Ruta Nacional 9***) is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy. It starts on Avenida General Paz, which marks the border between the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the surrounding province of the same name, and ends at the Horacio Guzmán International Bridge, on the La Quiaca River, traversing 1,967 km (1,222 mi). The road is a limited access motorway from Buenos Aires to Rosario.

Between the cities of San Nicolás de los Arroyos and Rosario (distant about 65 km (40 mi) from each other), the road is named *Teniente General Juan José Valle*.

## History

### Beginnings

The route originated as the "Camino Real del Perú" (*Royal Road of Peru*), used since colonial times to travel from Buenos Aires, through Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, San Miguel de Tucumán, Salta, San Salvador de Jujuy, and Potosí, continuing to Perú. The section between Buenos Aires and the south of what it is today Cordoba Province, was shared with the "Camino Real del Oeste" (*Royal Road of the West*) which branched towards San Luis, Mendoza and Santiago (Chile). The road had a system of small inns and establishments every 30–50 km where travellers could rest.

After the coming of the railroad, in the second half of the 19th Century, this road lost relevance, as the railroad provided faster service in any type of weather. The first train from Buenos Aires arrived in the town of La Quiaca in Argentina's northern border with Bolivia on 30 December 1907.

With the advent of the automobile, the Federal Government decided to build roads throughout the Republic. In 1936 the road from Buenos Aires to La Quiaca was named Ruta Nacional 9 (*National Route 9*). In 1943 the road was open to traffic in its full length, even though most of it was unpaved.

The road started competing against the railroad, taking passengers and cargo. The last passenger train to La Quiaca arrived in December 1993, and the last cargo train in July 1994.

### Pavement

The Buenos Aires to Rosario section was paved by 27 December 1936. The work reached Córdoba on 5 June 1937. It should be mentioned that National Route 9 had a different layout in those days, as the road traversed through Pilar to Pergamino on the roadbed of today's National Route 8 and then it turned north going to Rosario.

The road between Congress Square (*Plaza Congreso*) in Buenos Aires and San Martín Square in Córdoba was 768 km (477 mi) long, with 42 bridges, 1,412 sewer covers and 17 level crossings, with a cost of 41,000,000 pesos moneda nacional, equivalent to 12,000,000 US dollars at the time. In 1939 access to Buenos Aires from Pilar was completed, passing through Campo de Mayo and San Martín.

In those days, the Buenos Aires - General Pacheco \- Campana \- Zárate section was part of National Route 12. In 1943 Buenos Aires Province transferred the road section Campana - San Nicolás under construction to the national government, making it part of National Route 9, along with the Buenos Aires - Campana section of Route 12. This way they shortened the road distance between the two most populous cities in Argentina. You can see in the map the new road layout of National Route 9 in red, and the old one in green.

In 1950 the Dirección Nacional de Vialidad (*Public Works Dept*) paved the Ramallo to San Nicolás de los Arroyos section, and between 1952 and 1953 they finished the Campana to Atucha section and in 1956 the road was fully paved from Buenos Aires to Rosario.

After the change of layout in 1979, the route was fully paved except for a short piece north of Humahuaca, in Jujuy Province, which was an improved road. Works to finalize the route started in 1997 and were extended until 30 April 2004, opening to the public on 21 January 2005.

### Divided lanes

#### Buenos Aires - Rosario Highway

The section passing through Greater Buenos Aires to the Port of Campana access road is part of "Acceso Norte" (a 120 km-length road that runs from Avenida General Paz (Buenos Aires city border) to Route 9, with branches to Tigre and Pilar through National Route 8). The section between Avenida General Paz to the start of Route 8 is named "Autopista Pascual Palazzo" (by Decree 17/1981).

In 1943 the Dirección Nacional de Vialidad presented a plan for access to the city of Buenos Aires. Based on this plan, by the end of the forties work was started in what is known today as "Acceso Norte" (*North Access*) to Buenos Aires, reaching the town of Garín in 1959. In 1971 the section Garín-Campana was opened. In 1977 the Campana-Zárate highway was opened, allowing access to the Zárate-Brazo Largo Bridge inaugurated that same year. In the year 1978 the section from San Nicolás de los Arroyos to Rosario was opened. This section is called “Teniente General Juan José Valle” (Law 26,927, which derogates Decree 2,146/1979 that had called it "Teniente General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu"). In 1987 the last section of this highway was completed, between Campana and the Tala River.

#### Rosario – Córdoba Highway

The Rosario – Córdoba highway project dates from 1970. On this project they would build a highway between these two cities over a new road, leaving the original road with one lane each way for local traffic, as it lies next to the Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre railroad, and traverses through the center of the different towns along its path.

On 12 November 1986, construction of the new highway between Córdoba and Villa María was bid, but the project never came to fruition. The highway was started by two of the contractor companies on this route in the 1990s as part of the concession contracts. The agreement only included the sections from Avenida de Circunvalación de Córdoba to Pilar and from Avenida de Circunvalación de Rosario to Armstrong. On this last section, the Covicentro company only built the road to Carcarañá.

In the year 2000 the national government opened a bid for the 109 km (68 mi) between Pilar and Villa María, with the contract only covering one lane in the section from Oliva to Villa María, with the winning bid from Benito Roggio e Hijos. In February 2006 the same group secured the contract from Oliva to Villa María and the 36 km (22 mi) from Villa María to Ballesteros, while the works on the 62 km (39 mi) between Ballesteros and Leones was given to the IECSA company, belonging to Grupo Macri.

On 3 May 2006, the national government opened the bidding process for the remaining sections of the highway in Santa Fe Province. The DYCASA company took charge of the section between Carcarañá and Armstrong, while a joint venture of Esuco and Chediack obtained the contracts for the highway between Armstrong and Tortugas...

The highway was fully inaugurated on 22 December 2010.

#### Salta Province

In the decade of the 2000s the section shared with National Route 34 in Salta Province became a four-lane road (two on each way).

### Right of way changes of 1979

The National Government by Decree 1595 in 1979 where several routes changed to provincial jurisdiction and vice versa, also changed the layout and right-of-way of some of them.

#### Greater Buenos Aires

In Greater Buenos Aires, before the completion of the *Accesso Norte*, Route 9 ran through the present streets Boulogne Sur Mer, Presidente Sarmiento and Constituyentes Ave. in Tigre Partido. This 15 km (9 mi) section from Don Torcuato and the border between Benavídez and Garín left national jurisdiction by the aforementioned decree. Nowadays it is part of Provincial Route 9.

#### Buenos Aires - Santa Fe Province limits

Between San Nicolás de los Arroyos (Buenos Aires Province) and Rosario (Santa Fe Province), the road run closer to the Paraná River, northwest of the Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre railway. After construction of the San Nicolás de los Arroyos - Rosario highway southeast of said railway line at the end of the 1970s, this road changed to provincial control by the aforementioned decree. The transferred sections were 16.5 km (10.3 mi) in Buenos Aires Province (how secondary Provincial Route 098–06, also known as Presidente Illia access) and 68.8 km (42.8 mi) in Santa Fe Province (now Provincial Route 21).

#### Tucumán - Salta Province Limits

In Salta Province, 1 km (0.6 mi) north of the Salta-Tucumán border, the road turned to the west then north, turning into a mountain road, 104 km (65 mi) packed dirt until the town of La Viña. This section was transferred to Salta Province, changing its name to Provincial Route 6. Between the aforementioned town and the city of Salta, the road ran for 79 km (49 mi). This section remained under national jurisdiction, with the new name of National Route 68.

As of 2007 Provincial Route 6 is still unpaved and in some sections it is almost impassable.

On 30 October 1980 the Dirección Nacional de Vialidad and its provincial counterpart signed an agreement to transfer National Route 9 inside the city of Salta between the bridge over the Arenales river and Vidt street to provincial control. The agreement was ratified by de facto provincial law.

The old road is shown in green and the new one in red in the map.

## Distances and important cities

The following table shows the distances traversed by National Route 9 in each different province, and important cities that it passes by (or near).

| Province | From | To | Length | Passes by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buenos Aires | km 12 | km 237 | 225 km | Campana, Zárate, San Nicolás de los Arroyos |
| Santa Fe | km 237 | km 419 | 182 km | Villa Constitución, Rosario, Cañada de Gómez |
| Córdoba | km 419 | km 910 | 491 km | Bell Ville, Villa María, Córdoba |
| Santiago del Estero | km 910 | km 1223 | 313 km | Santiago del Estero, Termas de Río Hondo |
| Tucumán | km 1223 | km 1371 | 148 km | San Miguel de Tucumán |
| Salta | km 1371 | km 1648 | 277 km | Rosario de la Frontera, General Güemes, Salta |
| Jujuy | km 1648 | km 1979 | 318 km | San Salvador de Jujuy, Humahuaca, La Quiaca |

## InfoBox

| National Route 9 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruta nacional 9* | |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 1,967 km (1,222 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Route 14 (Bolivia) at the Bolivian border at Horacio Guzmán International Bridge in La Quiaca |
| Major intersections | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| South end | to  Avenida Lugones |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Major cities | Florida, Boulogne, Tortuguitas, Campana, Zárate, San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Empalme Villa Constitución, Rosario, Cañada de Gómez, Villa María, Córdoba, Jesús María, Santiago del Estero, San Miguel de Tucumán, Rosario de la Frontera, Metán, Salta, San Salvador de Jujuy, La Quiaca. |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |


title: Wasylów, Gmina Ulhówek

abstract: Wasylów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Ulhówek, 34 km (21 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 130 km (81 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The village is located in the historical region Galicia.

text:
# Wasylów, Gmina Ulhówek

**Wasylów** \[vaˈsɨluf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Ulhówek, 34 km (21 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 130 km (81 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The village is located in the historical region Galicia.

## InfoBox

| Wasylów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wasylów | |
| Coordinates: 50°26′13″N 23°53′44″E / 50.43694°N 23.89556°E / 50.43694; 23.89556 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Tomaszów Lubelski |
| Gmina | Ulhówek |


title: Ivy Ridge station

abstract: Ivy Ridge station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Located at Umbria Street and Parker Avenue in Northwest Philadelphia, it serves the Manayunk/Norristown Line. The initial station was built in a minimalist design similar to that of Elm Street, Norristown. The current station has a 204-space parking lot. In FY 2013, Ivy Ridge station had a weekday average of 602 boardings and 582 alightings.

text:
# Ivy Ridge station

**Ivy Ridge station** is a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Located at Umbria Street and Parker Avenue in Northwest Philadelphia, it serves the Manayunk/Norristown Line. The initial station was built in a minimalist design similar to that of Elm Street, Norristown. The current station has a 204-space parking lot. In FY 2013, Ivy Ridge station had a weekday average of 602 boardings and 582 alightings.

## History

SEPTA constructed Ivy Ridge in 1980 when service was extended an additional 0.8 miles (1.3 km) past Manayunk West station, the passenger terminus of the Pennsylvania Railroad's (PRR) Schuylkill Branch since 1960. Up until then, the 0.8 miles (1.3 km) of track had been used by Manayunk trains to change direction within a remotely controlled interlocking where the Schuylkill Branch (by that time, abandoned north of this point) went from two tracks to one. The single-platform Ivy Ridge station was constructed within the space occupied by the abandoned second track, removed in the early 1960s after the PRR discontinued passenger service to Norristown. A moderate-sized park-and-ride lot was included.

SEPTA suspended service beyond Cynwyd in March 1986 because of deteriorating track conditions and concerns about the Manayunk Bridge; a shuttle bus ran from Manayunk on the Manayunk/Norristown Line. In August SEPTA constructed the current platforms along the ex-Reading Norristown line down the bluff from the ex-Pennsylvania line. For a while, the park-and-ride lot sat unused until SEPTA erected a 39-step stairway connecting the derelict PRR upper level and RDG lower level station sites. In the beginning, the steep staircase discouraged ridership, but this changed as ridership grew in the 1990s.

While the PRR platform was built to high level standards (a rarity on the SEPTA Regional Rail system), and was constructed before the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the hastily constructed RDG station platform are low level. The derelict upper level platform was eventually demolished in April 2012.

As it became clear that SEPTA had no interest in reviving service to the upper Ivy Ridge station, the parking lot was expanded with sections of the PRR track being removed. All remaining Schuylkill Branch trackage in Manayunk was dismantled in June 2010 to make way for the Ivy Ridge Trail, a Philadelphia extension of the Cynwyd Heritage Trail over the Pencoyd Viaduct.

## InfoBox

| Ivy Ridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Ivy Ridge station in April 2012 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 4910 Umbria Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19128 |
| Coordinates | 40°02′03″N 75°14′08″W / 40.0341°N 75.2355°W / 40.0341; -75.2355 |
| Owned by | SEPTA |
| Line(s) | Norristown Branch |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | **SEPTA City Bus**: 61, 62 |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | October 6, 1980 (SEPTA Ivy Ridge Line)
August 25, 1986 (SEPTA Manayunk/Norristown Line) |
| Closed | May 16, 1986 (SEPTA Ivy Ridge Line) |
| Electrified | * July 20, 1930 (Pennsylvania) * February 5, 1933 (Reading) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2017 | 703 boardings
782 alightings
(weekday average) |
| Rank | 32 of 146 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  SEPTA Following station  Miquontoward Norristown–Elm Street  Manayunk/Norristown Line  Manayunktoward Penn Medicine  ShawmontClosed 1996toward Norristown–Elm Street | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station  SEPTA Following station  *Terminus*  Ivy Ridge Line  Manayunk Westtoward Suburban Station | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Orange Cargo

abstract: Orange Cargo Inc. was a freight-only airline based in Japan. Founded September 27, 2002, it ceased operations on March 22, 2004 after declaring bankruptcy. Their fleet included 3 Beech 1900C aircraft. The official bankruptcy decision was acknowledged by the government in August 2005.

text:
# Orange Cargo

**Orange Cargo Inc.** (オレンジカーゴ株式会社, *Orenji Kāgo Kabushiki-gaisha*) was a freight-only airline based in Japan. Founded September 27, 2002, it ceased operations on March 22, 2004 after declaring bankruptcy. Their fleet included 3 Beech 1900C aircraft. The official bankruptcy decision was acknowledged by the government in August 2005.

## Code data

* ICAO Code: **ORJ**
* Callsign: Orange Cargo

## InfoBox

Orange Cargo
| IATA ICAO Call sign  - ORJ Orange Cargo | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | September 27, 2002 |
| Ceased operations | March 22, 2004 |
| Headquarters | Japan |


title: Moonpur Thakran

abstract: Moonpur Thakran is a village in Kotkasim tehsil of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan, India. Moonpur Thakran is a part of the Ahirwal region.

text:
# Moonpur Thakran

**Moonpur Thakran** is a village in Kotkasim tehsil of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan, India. Moonpur Thakran is a part of the Ahirwal region.

## Location

Moonpur Thakran is located in the National Capital Region, 130 kilometres south of Delhi, 145 kilometres north of state capital Jaipur, 60 kilometres north of Alwar city, 30 kilometres east of Rewari city, 25 kilometres south of Dharuhera, 25 kilometres south of Bhiwadi and 22 kilometres west of Tijara, 20 kilometres north Kishangarh Bas, 5 kilometres south of Kotkasim, 4 kilometres north of Bibirani, another town in Alwar district.

Villages near Moonpur Thakran are Pur(1 km), Khanpur Dagran(1 km), Gheekaka(2 km), Sanoda Ahir(1 km), Jalaka(0.7 km).

## InfoBox

| Moonpur Thakran | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Moonpur ThakranLocation in Rajasthan, IndiaMoonpur ThakranMoonpur Thakran (India) | |
| Coordinates: 28°02′N 76°43′E / 28.03°N 76.72°E / 28.03; 76.72 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Alwar |
| Tehsil | Kotkasim |
| Elevation | 263 m (863 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 496 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Spoken | Ahirwati |
| PIN | 301702 |
| Telephone code | 01493 |
| Vehicle registration | RJ-02 |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Kishangarh Bas |
| Website | alwar.nic.in |


title: Prix du Bois

abstract: The Prix du Bois is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbreds. It is run at Deauville over a distance of 1,000 metres, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

text:
# Prix du Bois

Prix du Bois
| 2023 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Ramatuelle | Zorken | Les Pavots |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Belbek | Lova | Havana Angel |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Atomic Force | Black Lives Matter | Best Sixteen |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Livachope | Axdavali | Princesse De Saba |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Maven | Jolie | Kenlova |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Little Kim | Chelsea Cloisters | Shumookhi |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Zonza | Elizabeth Darcy | Ardenode |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Cosachope | Fixette | Sans Equivoque |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Fly On The Night | Tourny | Du Pyla |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Goken | Jane's Memory | Lehaim |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Vedeux | Another Party | Empreinte |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Snowday | To My Valentine | Sage Melody |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Family One | Boomerang Bob | Pyman's Theory |

| 2010–2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Keratiya | Prolific Champion | Lone Cat |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Dolled Up | Chantilly Creme | Corporal Maddox |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Percolator | Caparroso | Kenz |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Natagora | Wilki | Faslen |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sandwaki | Boccassini | Palin |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gwenseb | Mister Chocolate | Think |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Divine Proportions | Great Blood | Salut Thomas |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Much Faster | Leila | Sister Moonshine |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ela Merici | Zinziberine | On Line |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ziria | Dobby Road | Zipping |

| 2000–1997 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ozone Layer | Iron Mask | Distinctly Dancer |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Morning Pride | Legend Of Spring | Perugina |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Imperfect World | Zirconi | Ronda |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Zelding | Cortachy Castle | Charge D'Affaires |
|  | | |

The **Prix du Bois** is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbreds. It is run at Deauville over a distance of 1,000 metres (about 5 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

## History

The event was established in 1925, and it was originally held at Longchamp. It takes its name from the Bois de Boulogne, the location of its former home, and the Avenue du Bois (now the Avenue Foch), which leads towards the racecourse.

Due to World War II, the Prix du Bois was not run from 1940 to 1945.

The race was promoted to Group 3 status in 1982. It continued to be staged at Longchamp until 1994. It took place at Chantilly in 1995, and returned to Longchamp in 1996. For a period thereafter it was switched between Deauville (1997–98, 2003) and Chantilly (1999–2002, 2004–05).

The Prix du Bois was transferred to Maisons-Laffitte in 2006, and had another spell at Chantilly between 2009 and 2015. It has been run at Deauville again since 2016.

The leading horses from the Prix du Bois often go on to compete in the Prix Robert Papin. The first to win both races was Erica in 1927, and the most recent was Family One in 2011.

## Records

**Leading jockey (10 wins):**

* Roger Poincelet*Chesterfield (1946), Arbace (1948), Dahabi (1949), Lets Fly (1953), Polamia (1957), Dan Cupid (1958), High Bulk (1960), Mr Brookwood (1961), Spy Well (1962), Timmy Lad (1963)*

---

**Leading trainer (6 wins):**

* François Mathet – *Taoutcha (1952), Calshot (1966), Zeddaan (1967), Rockcress (1968), Myosotis (1974), Adraan (1979)*
* Etienne Pollet – *Polamia (1957), Dan Cupid (1958), High Bulk (1960), Mr Brookwood (1961), Spy Well (1962), Timmy Lad (1963)*
* Pascal Bary*Export Price (1986), Rich and Famous (1989), Imperfect World (1998), Much Faster (2003), Divine Proportions (2004), Natagora (2007)*

---

**Leading owner (5 wins):**

* Gertrude Widener*Polamia (1957), Dan Cupid (1958), Mr Brookwood (1961), Spy Well (1962), Timmy Lad (1963)*

## Winners since 1978

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Irish River | Maurice Philipperon | John Cunnington Jr. | Mrs Raymond Adès |  |
| 1979 | Adraan | Yves Saint-Martin | François Mathet | Aga Khan IV | 0:57.70 |
| 1980 | Twig Prince | Michel Planard | Pierre Biancone | Mrs André Lhote |  |
| 1981 | Maelstrom Lake | Georges Doleuze | Edouard Bartholomew | Jacques Feuillard |  |
| 1982 | American Stress | Bruno Pizzorni | Freddie Palmer | Edouard Buffard |  |
| 1983 | Masarika | Yves Saint-Martin | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 0:57.60 |
| 1984 | Noblequest | Gérard Dubroeucq | Robert Collet | Bendar bin M. Al Kabir | 0:57.00 |
| 1985 | Kanmary | Guy Guignard | Élie Lellouche | Mrs Patrick O'Neill | 0:59.50 |
| 1986 | Export Price | Cash Asmussen | Pascal Bary | Ecurie I. M. Fares | 0:57.30 |
| 1987 | Arabian Falcon | Guy Guignard | Bernard Vanheeghe | Mrs Georges Sandor | 0:59.20 |
| 1988 | Tersa | Freddy Head | François Boutin | Allen Paulson | 0:59.10 |
| 1989 | Rich and Famous | Norbert Jeanpierre | Pascal Bary | Ross Gilbert | 0:58.20 |
| 1990 | The Perfect Life | Alain Lequeux | Robert Collet | Richard Strauss | 0:58.20 |
| 1991 | Arazi | Gérald Mossé | François Boutin | Allen Paulson | 0:58.70 |
| 1992 | Glorieux Dancer | Mathieu Boutin | Robert Collet | Werner Wolf | 0:59.80 |
| 1993 | Porto Varas | Freddy Head | François Boutin | Niccolò Incisa Rocchetta | 0:58.00 |
| 1994 | Expelled | Pat Eddery | François Boutin | Khalid Abdullah | 0:57.40 |
| 1995 | Media Nox | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Khalid Abdullah | 0:58.20 |
| 1996 | Deep Finesse | Philip Robinson | Michael Jarvis | John Sims | 0:59.20 |
| 1997 | Zelding | Thierry Jarnet | Robert Collet | Richard Strauss | 1:00.50 |
| 1998 | Imperfect World | Sylvain Guillot | Pascal Bary | Serge Fradkoff | 0:58.90 |
| 1999 | Morning Pride | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Maktoum Al Maktoum | 0:57.40 |
| 2000 | Ozone Layer | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Maktoum Al Maktoum | 1:02.00 |
| 2001 | Ziria | Gérald Mossé | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Leonidas Marinopoulos | 0:58.20 |
| 2002 | Ela Merici | Vincent Vion | Corine Barande-Barbe | Corine Barande-Barbe | 1:00.30 |
| 2003 | Much Faster | Thierry Thulliez | Pascal Bary | Ecurie J. L. Bouchard | 0:57.60 |
| 2004 | Divine Proportions | Christophe Lemaire | Pascal Bary | Niarchos Family | 0:58.70 |
| 2005 | Gwenseb | Olivier Peslier | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Wertheimer et Frère | 0:58.10 |
| 2006 | Sandwaki | Olivier Peslier | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Wertheimer et Frère | 0:59.80 |
| 2007 | Natagora | Stéphane Pasquier | Pascal Bary | Stefan Friborg | 0:57.20 |
| 2008 | Percolator | Christophe Soumillon | Paul Cole | Henry Robinson | 0:56.30 |
| 2009 | Dolled Up | Olivier Peslier | Robert Collet | Anne-Marie Hayes | 0:58.10 |
| 2010 | Keratiya | Christophe Lemaire | Jean-Claude Rouget | Aga Khan IV | 0:59.10 |
| 2011 | Family One | Ioritz Mendizabal | Yann Barberot | Ecurie Ascot | 0:57.58 |
| 2012 | Snowday | Olivier Peslier | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Wertheimer et Frère | 0:59.31 |
| 2013 | Vedeux | Marc Lerner | Carlos Lerner | P Hoze & Ecurie Haras du Cadran | 0:59.24 |
| 2014 | Goken | Fabrice Veron | Henri-Alex Pantall | Guy Pariente | 0:58.52 |
| 2015 | Fly On The Night | Umberto Rispoli | Attilio Giorgi | Pietro Sinistri | 0:58.28 |
| 2016 | Cosachope | Maxime Guyon | Philippe Sogorb | Guy Pariente | 0:58.77 |
| 2017 | Zonza | Cristian Demuro | Didier Guillemin | Alain Jathier | 0:58.56 |
| 2018 | Little Kim | Ben Curtis | Karl Burke | Nick Bradley Racing & Sohi & E Burke | 0:58.04 |
| 2019 | Maven | Mickael Barzalona | Wesley Ward | Richard Ravin | 0:58.36 |
| 2020 | Livachope \[a\] | Anthony Crastus | Jane Soubagne | Alain Chopard | 0:57.03 |
| 2021 | Atomic Force \[b\] | Stephane Pasquier | Kevin Ryan | Hambleton Racing Ltd Xxvii And Partner | 1:10.39 |
| 2022 | Belbek \[b\] | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Nurlan Bizakov | 1:09.22 |
| 2023 | Ramatuelle | Aurélien Lemaitre | Christopher Head | Infinity Nine Horses, Ecurie Des Monceaux Et Al | 1:08.05 |
| 2024 | Arabie | Jim Crowley | Karl Burke | Mohamed Saeed Al Shahi | 1:10.69 |
|

**a**  The 2020 race was run at Longchamp due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France
**b**  The 2021 and 2022 race was run at Chantilly and the distance was 1,200 meters

## Earlier winners

* 1925: Tatters
* 1926: Never Late
* 1927: Erica
* 1928: La Rocque
* 1929: Advertencia
* 1930: Cristal
* 1931: Sisterari
* 1932: Asterisk
* 1933: Corindon
* 1934: Puits d'Amour
* 1935: Don Milo
* 1936: Le Radjah
* 1937: Pamir
* 1938: Courteille
* 1939: Folincourt
* 1940–45: *no race*
* 1946: Chesterfield
* 1947: Primeur
* 1948: Arbace
* 1949: Dahabi
* 1950: Idas
* 1951: Pharaos
* 1952: Taoutcha
* 1953: Let's Fly
* 1954: Americ
* 1955: Reine Martiale
* 1956: L'Astrologue
* 1957: Polamia
* 1958: Dan Cupid
* 1959: Barbaresque
* 1960: High Bulk
* 1961: Mr Brookwood
* 1962: Spy Well
* 1963: Timmy Lad
* 1964: Fair Portion
* 1965: Nursery Song
* 1966: Calshot
* 1967: Zeddaan
* 1968: Rockcress
* 1969: Baroque
* 1970: My Swallow
* 1971: Daring Display
* 1972: Benthose
* 1973: Lianga
* 1974: Myosotis
* 1975: Dacani
* 1976: Juge de Paix
* 1977: Soudromont

## InfoBox

Prix du Bois
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Deauville Racecourse
Deauville, France |
| Inaugurated | 1925 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1,000 metres (5f) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Straight |
| Qualification | Two-year-olds |
| Weight | 57 kg
**Allowances**
1½ kg for fillies
**Penalties**
2 kg for Group winners |
| Purse | €80,000 *(2022)*
**1st:** €40,000 |


title: Nicolò Navigajoso

abstract: Nicolò Navigajoso was a Venetian diplomat and colonial official in the 1260s and 1270s. In 1265 he was sent as ambassador to the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, along with Pietro Badoerio. In 1268–69 he was castellan of Coron in the Morea, together with Nicolò Miglani, who was likely the junior of the two. He was sent as one of a three-member embassy to Pope Gregory X in 1272, and, again along with Miglani, as ambassador to Serbia (Rascia) in 1275, after the Serbian king Stefan Uroš I had attacked Ragusa.

text:
# Nicolò Navigajoso

**Nicolò Navigajoso** was a Venetian diplomat and colonial official in the 1260s and 1270s.

In 1265 he was sent as ambassador to the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, along with Pietro Badoerio. In 1268–69 he was castellan of Coron in the Morea, together with Nicolò Miglani, who was likely the junior of the two. He was sent as one of a three-member embassy to Pope Gregory X in 1272, and, again along with Miglani, as ambassador to Serbia (Rascia) in 1275, after the Serbian king Stefan Uroš I had attacked Ragusa.

## Sources

* Da Canal, Martino (1845). "La chronique des Veniciens de Maistre Martin Da Canal: Seconde partie". *Archivio Storico Italiano* (in French and Italian). **8**: 448–707. JSTOR 44457011.
* Dandolo, Andrea (1728). "Chronicon". In Muratori, Lodovico Antonio (ed.). *Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, Tomus XII*. Milan: Ex Typographia Societatis Palatinæ in Regia Curia.
* Morgan, Gareth (1976). "The Venetian Claims Commission of 1278". *Byzantinische Zeitschrift*. **69** (2): 411–438. doi:10.1515/byzs.1976.69.2.411. S2CID 159571822.


title: Armand Sahadewsing

abstract: Armand Sahadewsing was a former Surinamese football player and manager who has played for S.V. Transvaal in the Surinamese Hoofdklasse, and for AFC DWS in the Dutch Eredivisie. He also played for the Suriname national team and later managed the team for the country's 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign.

text:
# Armand Sahadewsing

**Armand Sahadewsing** (7 July 1939 – 22 February 2019) was a former Surinamese football player and manager who has played for S.V. Transvaal in the Surinamese Hoofdklasse, and for AFC DWS in the Dutch Eredivisie. He also played for the Suriname national team and later managed the team for the country's 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign.

## Career

### Early career

Sahadewsing began his football career on the Mr. Bronsplein in Paramaribo, Surinam at age 10 playing for KMD (Klein Maar Dapper), a club registered through the Bronsplein Sport Bond which was specifically for shorter people (Klein Maar Dapper is Dutch for "Small but courageous"). After two season with KMD he transferred to the youth ranks of Sparta, Tuna and finally Unitas. At age 16 he transferred to SV Transvaal to play in the Hoofdklasse, the top flight for association football in Suriname.

### SV Transvaal

In 1956, Sahadewsing made his debut in the Hoofdklasse at age 16. He would go on to play for Transvaal for a decade, becoming the team's first choice on the right wing. He was made team captain from 1960 to 1965, and helped Transvaal to win two national championships in 1962 and 1965. He also won the Surinamese Footballer of the Year award in 1965.

### AFC DWS

In 1966, Sahadewsing relocated to the Netherlands in pursuit of a KNVB coaching license. While in the Netherlands he joined AFC DWS competing in the Dutch Eredivisie, appearing in two matches in the 1967–68 season, where he played with the likes of Frans Geurtsen and Rob Rensenbrink.

## International career

Sahadewsing played for the Suriname national football team. He made his debut in 1957, in a 2–1 loss to the Netherlands Antilles, in the CONCACAF leg of the 1962 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign.

## Managerial career

In 1966, Sahadewsing relocated to the Netherlands to obtain a KNVB coaching license. In 1980, he became the manager of the Suriname national football team for the country's 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. Suriname were eliminated by Cuba in the 1981 CONCACAF Championship qualification.

## Honours

### Club

S.V. Transvaal

### Individual

## InfoBox

Armand Sahadewsing
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Armand Sahadewsing | | |
| Date of birth | 7 July 1939 | | |
| Place of birth | Paramaribo, Surinam | | |
| Date of death | 22 February 2019(2019-02-22) (aged 79) | | |
| Position(s) | Right winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1950–1952 | KMD | | |
| 1952–1954 | Sparta | | |
| 1954–1955 | Tuna | | |
| 1955–1956 | Unitas | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1956–1966 | Transvaal | ? | (?) |
| 1967–1968 | DWS | 2 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1957–1966 | Suriname | 6 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1980–1982 | Suriname | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of December 25, 2015<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of December 25, 2015 | | | |


title: PS Tasbi Medan

abstract: Persatuan Sepakbola Taman Setia Budi Indah or PS Tasbi is an Indonesian football club based in Medan, North Sumatra. Club currently played in Liga 3 North Sumatra.

text:
# PS Tasbi Medan

**Persatuan Sepakbola Taman Setia Budi Indah** (en: *Association Football Setia Budi Indah Garden*) or **PS Tasbi** is an Indonesian football club based in Medan, North Sumatra. Club currently played in Liga 3 North Sumatra.

## History

The club was founded in 1992 as a forum for the development of football in the city of Medan in particular and Indonesia in general. In 2012 the club formed a team with the name Tasbi Futsal Futsal Club who competed in the Amateur Futsal League since 2012. The club also formed a special management for the development of young players by the name of Pro Star Management Tasbi.

## Achievements

Source * **PSLB Cup champions :** 2009
* **Pengcab PSSI Medan Gold Cup champions :** 2010
* **Danpomal Lantamal Cup champions :** 2011
* **Pomad Cup champions :** 2011
* **Klumpang Putra Cup champions :** 2012
* **Liga Indonesia Third Division :**
    + **North Sumatra Province champions :** 2012, 2013
    + **Northern Sumatra Region runner-up :** 2012
    + **Northern Sumatra Region champions :** 2013
* **Mencirim Putra Cup champions :** 2013

## Personnel

Source

### Board

### Staff

## InfoBox

PS TASBI
| Full name | Perkumpulan Sepakbola Taman Setia Budi Indah |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | Tim Rumah Baja Sumatra (en: Steel Homes Sumatra) |
| Founded | 1992 |
| Ground | Jalur Hijau Tasbi Field, Medan |
| Owner | Ricky Fahreza Syafii |
| Chairman | Ricky Fahreza Syafii |
| Manager | Asrul Batubara |
| Coach | Syarifuddin Onden |
| League | Liga 3 |
| 2017 | Sumatra Utara Zone |


title: Three Towers of San Marino

abstract: The Three Towers of San Marino are a group of towers located in San Marino. Located on the three peaks of Monte Titano in the capital, also called San Marino, they are depicted on both the national flag and coat of arms.

text:
# Three Towers of San Marino

The **Three Towers of San Marino** are a group of towers located in San Marino. Located on the three peaks of Monte Titano in the capital, also called San Marino, they are depicted on both the national flag and coat of arms.

## First Tower

The **Guaita** is the oldest of the three towers, and the most famous. It was constructed in the 11th century and served briefly as a prison. It was rebuilt numerous times and reached its current form in the 15th century during the war fought between San Marino and the House of Malatesta.

## Second Tower

The **Cesta** is located on the highest of Monte Titano's summits. A museum to honour Saint Marinus, created in 1956, is located in this tower and showcases over 1,550 weapons dating from the Medieval Era to the modern day. It was constructed in the 13th century on the remains of an older Roman fort.

## Third Tower

The **Montale** is located on the smallest of Monte Titano's summits. Unlike the other towers, this one is not open to the public. It was constructed in the 14th century. It is thought to have been constructed to give protection against the increasing power of the Malatesta family in that region. It was also used as a prison, and accordingly, the only entrance to the tower is a door about seven metres from ground level, which was common for prison architecture of the time.

43°56′06″N 12°27′00″E / 43.93500°N 12.45000°E / 43.93500; 12.45000


title: Haplopediasia

abstract: Haplopediasia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Haplopediasia aurantilineellus, which is found in Brazil.

text:
# Haplopediasia

***Haplopediasia*** is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ***Haplopediasia aurantilineellus***, which is found in Brazil (São Paulo).

## InfoBox

| *Haplopediasia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Crambini |
| Genus: | *Haplopediasia*
Bleszynski, 1963 |
| Species: | ***H. aurantilineellus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Haplopediasia aurantilineellus***
(Hampson, 1896) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Crambus aurantilineellus* Hampson, 1896 | |


title: Washington State Labor Council

abstract: The Washington State Labor Council is the Washington branch of the AFL–CIO. It represents all AFL–CIO affiliates in state politics, and its major interest group, particularly for Democratic politicians. The organization was split when several national unions broke from the AFL–CIO and formed the Change to Win Coalition, taking their state and local affiliates with them. Larry Brown has been the President of the State Labor Council since December 2018. Other prominent leaders have included Jeffrey Johnson, Rick Bender, Lou Stewart, Alan Link, and April Sims, the organization's current Secretary-Treasurer. Sims is the first woman of color and the first black person to be elected as a WSLC executive officer.

text:
# Washington State Labor Council

The **Washington State Labor Council** is the Washington branch of the AFL–CIO. It represents all AFL–CIO affiliates in state politics, and its major interest group, particularly for Democratic politicians. The organization was split when several national unions broke from the AFL–CIO and formed the Change to Win Coalition, taking their state and local affiliates with them. Larry Brown has been the President of the State Labor Council since December 2018. Other prominent leaders have included Jeffrey Johnson, Rick Bender, Lou Stewart, Alan Link, and April Sims, the organization's current Secretary-Treasurer (equivalent to executive director). Sims is the first woman of color and the first black person to be elected as a WSLC executive officer.

### Archives


title: J. Michael Davisson

abstract: J. Michael Davisson is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 73rd district. He assumed office on October 28, 2021, succeeding his father, Steve Davisson.

text:
# J. Michael Davisson

**J. Michael Davisson** is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 73rd district. He assumed office on October 28, 2021, succeeding his father, Steve Davisson.

## Education

Dacisson graduated from Salem High School in Salem, Indiana and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Indiana University.

## Career

Davisson served in the United States Army for 17 years. Outside of politics, he operate Good Living Pharmacy. In October 2021, he was selected to succeed his father, Steve Davisson, in the Indiana House of Representatives. In February 2022, he declared his candidacy for Indiana's 9th congressional district in the 2022 election. In the May 2022 Republican primary, Davisson placed fifth in a field of nine candidates.

## InfoBox

| J. Michael Davisson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Indiana House of Representatives
from the 73rd district | |
| **In office**
October 28, 2021  November 22, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Steve Davisson |
| Succeeded by | Jennifer Meltzer |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Relations | Steve Davisson (father) |
| Education | Indiana University (BA) |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
|  | |


title: Oreomunnea

abstract:
Oreomunnea is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae, native to southern Mexico and Central America, where they occur in montane rainforest. They are large trees growing to 35 m tall, with pinnate leaves with four to eight leaflets; unlike most genera in the Juglandaceae, the leaves are arranged in opposite pairs. The fruit is a small nut about 1 cm diameter, with a three-lobed wing.
  - Species
  - Oreomunnea mexicana (Standl.) J.-F.Leroy
  - Oreomunnea pterocarpa Oerst.

text:
# Oreomunnea

***Oreomunnea*** is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae, native to southern Mexico and Central America, where they occur in montane rainforest.

They are large trees growing to 35 m tall, with pinnate leaves with four to eight leaflets; unlike most genera in the Juglandaceae, the leaves are arranged in opposite pairs. The fruit is a small nut about 1 cm diameter, with a three-lobed wing.

Species

## InfoBox

| *Oreomunnea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oreomunnea mexicana* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Juglandaceae |
| Subfamily: | Engelhardioideae |
| Genus: | *Oreomunnea*<br>Oerst. |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Moonpig

abstract: Moonpig is an internet-based business whose head offices are situated in London and Guernsey. The company's business model is mainly selling personalised greeting cards, flowers and gifts. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

text:
# Moonpig

**Moonpig** is an internet-based business whose head offices are situated in London and Guernsey. The company's business model is mainly selling personalised greeting cards, flowers and gifts. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

## History

According to founder Nick Jenkins, "Moonpig" was his nickname at school in Newport, Shropshire, hence the name of the brand.

The original launch of Moonpig in 2000 coincided with the collapse of the dot-com bubble, which made progress difficult at first, but Jenkins raised further investment from private investors and venture capital, and the advent of broadband and digital cameras together with news spreading by word-of-mouth meant sales steadily increased, with the first profits being made in 2005.

A television advertising campaign began in the United Kingdom in November 2006. two years and four months later, Moonpig received more internet traffic than other flower and gift companies in the UK. By summer 2009, the company had sold cards to 2.57 million customers and its profit record was seen by *The Times* as "a typical curve for a successful start-up – a big, £1 million loss establishing it in its first year, negligible losses edging into negligible earnings over the next six years, and thereafter a seven-figure profit".

The website was launched in July 2000, and in 2007 the company was responsible for 90 percent of the online greeting card market in the United Kingdom, with nearly six million cards shipped.

In July 2011, Moonpig was bought by Photobox Group, which also owns Photobox, for £120m in a cash and shares transaction. Photobox was sold to a private equity firm Exponent Private Equity in 2015.

In 2019 Moonpig separated from Photobox Group. Moonpig Group was formed which encompassed Moonpig and Dutch equivalent Greetz.

On 2 February 2021 Moonpig Group was listed on the London Stock Exchange; its market capitalisation at the end of the first day of trading was over £1.2billion. Exponent sold shares as part of the listing, cutting its stake from 41% to 27%.

## Security

In August 2013, a private developer discovered a vulnerability in the Moonpig API that made it possible for outsiders to retrieve the personal information of all three million of its users (names, birthdays, postal addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, the last four digits of credit card numbers, and credit card expiry dates), and informed Moonpig. Moonpig did nothing about it until the developer publicly announced the problem in January 2015, whereupon Moonpig disabled the API and its mobile apps pending an investigation. Moonpig issued a statement saying that "all password and payment information is and has always been safe".

## InfoBox

Moonpig
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as |  |
| Industry | Greeting cards |
| Founded | 3 June 2000 (2000-06-03) |
| Founder | Nick Jenkins |
| Headquarters | London, England, United Kingdom |
| Area served | United Kingdom |
| Key people | Kate Swann (Chair)<br>Nickyl Raithatha (CEO) |
| Revenue | 320.1 million (2023) |
| Operating income | 48.5 million (2023) |
| Net income | 26.6 million (2023) |
| Website | moonpig.com |


title: Priestman v Colangelo

abstract: Priestman v Colangelo S.C.R. 615, 19 DLR (2d) 1 (1959) is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the exemption of police officers and other public authorities from being held liable for tortious acts. This case is also the most famous of the series of "stumbling police" cases dealt with by the Supreme Court during this era.

text:
# Priestman v Colangelo

***Priestman v Colangelo*** S.C.R. 615, 19 DLR (2d) 1 (1959) is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the exemption of police officers and other public authorities from being held liable for tortious acts. This case is also the most famous of the series of "stumbling police" cases dealt with by the Supreme Court during this era.

## Synopsis

A police officer was pursuing a car theft suspect when the officer attempted to shoot out the rear tire of the suspect's car. The bullet missed the tire, but hit the driver instead, causing him to drive off the road and kill two pedestrians. The Court held that the officer was not liable because he had acted reasonably in the course of his statutory duty to apprehend the suspect. A test for negligence was proposed by Locke J., viz:

"If the circumstances are such that the legislature must have contemplated that the exercise of a statutory power and the discharge of a statutory duty might interfere with private rights, and the person to whom the power is given and upon whom the duty is imposed acts reasonably, such interference will not give rise to an action."

1. other cases include *Robertson v. Joyce* (1948), 92 C.C.C. 382 and *Beim v. Goyer* (1965), 57 D.L.R. (2d) 253.


title: Nigohan

abstract: Nigohan is a large village in Mohanlalganj block of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Located to the west of the road from Lucknow to Raebareli, historically it was the seat of a pargana in Mohanlalganj tehsil. As of 2011, its population is 6,474, in 1,093 households. The Nigohan Railway Station is located east of the village and technically belongs to the village of Karanpur. Nigohan is the seat of a gram panchayat.

text:
# Nigohan

**Nigohan** is a large village in Mohanlalganj block of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Located to the west of the road from Lucknow to Raebareli, historically it was the seat of a pargana in Mohanlalganj tehsil. As of 2011, its population is 6,474, in 1,093 households. The Nigohan Railway Station is located east of the village and technically belongs to the village of Karanpur. Nigohan is the seat of a gram panchayat.

## History

According to legend, Nigohan was founded by a Chandrabansi raja named Nahush, who was transformed into a snake as punishment for cursing a Brahmin and made to live in a large tank to the south of the village. The Pandavas then came here during their travels, and one of them managed to break the spell and restore Raja Nahush to his human form. On being turned back into a human, Raja Nahush performed a great sacrifice, and this is commemorated in an annual festival during the month of Kartik. The festival takes place at the Abhiniwara tank, where there is a temple of Mahadeo (Shiva); Raja Nahush is also venerated at a shrine at the centre of the village.

At the turn of the 20th century, Nigohan was described as a large, primarily agricultural village, with extensive orchards that formed the main livelihood for its residents. The village then had an "upper primary school" and a small bazaar called Gumanganj, and it served as the headquarters of the Church of England's missionary operations in the region. The zamindars were a Gautam clan who, according to tradition, had become rulers by marrying a lady of the previous dynasty, the Janwars of Mau. In 1901, the population of Nigohan was 2,074, including 355 Muslims and 61 Christians.

## InfoBox

| Nigohan Nigohān | |
| --- | --- |
| Populated place | |
| NigohanLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaNigohanNigohan (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°33′43″N 81°01′51″E / 26.561822°N 81.030833°E / 26.561822; 81.030833 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Lucknow |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.399 km2 (2.471 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 6,474 |
| Density | 1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Armas Äikiä

abstract: Armas Äikiä (1904–1965) was a Finnish communist writer and journalist. He wrote the Anthem of Karelo-Finnish SSR. In Finland, when the Communist Party was banned, he spent the years 1927–1928 and 1930–1935 in prison, where he wrote defiant poems. Freed with a conditional release in 1935, he fled across the border to the Soviet Union, which led to the loss of his Finnish citizenship. During the Winter War, Äikiä served as Minister of Agriculture for the short-lived Finnish Democratic Republic. He had several collection of poems published in the Soviet Union. He returned to Finland in 1947, but having lost his citizenship could not participate in politics, working as a reporter instead. Äikiä's funeral took place at Malmi Cemetery in Helsinki under tight police protection, attended by leaders of the party Aimo Aaltonen, Ville Pessi and president Urho Kekkonen. Äikiä is buried in a communal grave of Finnish Communist Party members.

text:
# Armas Äikiä

**Armas Äikiä** (1904–1965) was a Finnish communist writer and journalist. He wrote the Anthem of Karelo-Finnish SSR.

In Finland, when the Communist Party was banned, he spent the years 1927–1928 and 1930–1935 in prison, where he wrote defiant poems. Freed with a conditional release in 1935, he fled across the border to the Soviet Union, which led to the loss of his Finnish citizenship.

During the Winter War, Äikiä served as Minister of Agriculture for the short-lived Finnish Democratic Republic. He had several collection of poems published in the Soviet Union. He returned to Finland in 1947, but having lost his citizenship could not participate in politics, working as a reporter instead.

Äikiä's funeral took place at Malmi Cemetery in Helsinki under tight police protection, attended by leaders of the party Aimo Aaltonen, Ville Pessi and president Urho Kekkonen. Äikiä is buried in a communal grave of Finnish Communist Party members.

## Bibliography of works

* *Vallankumousrunoja*, 1928 (anthology with other writers)
* *Kaksi Soturia*, 1941 (published in Petroskoi, U.S.S.R.)
* *Laulu Kotkasta*, 1941 (published in Petroskoi)
* *Tulikehässä*, 1943 (published in Petroskoi)
* *Iskelmiä*, 1943 (published in Petroskoi)
* *Kalterilyyra*, 1945 (published in Petroskoi)
* *Tulikantele*, 1947 (published in Petroskoi)
* *Henkipatto*, 1948 (published in Finland by Kansankulttuuri)
* *Kolmas Tie*, 1948
* *Vladimir Majakovski*, 1950
* *Lotta Hilpeläinen*, 1952 (as Viljo Veijo)
* *Sinisten Silmien Tähden*, 1952 (as Viljo Veijo)
* *Tänään ja Vuonna 1965*, 1959
* *Laulaja Tulvoren Juurella*, 1962
* *Stihotvorenija*, 1963

## InfoBox

| Armas Äikiä | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1904<br>Pyhäjärvi, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire |
| Died | 1965 (aged 6061) |


title: Italian Folktales

abstract: Italian Folktales is a collection of 200 Italian folktales published in 1956 by Italo Calvino. Calvino began the project in 1954, influenced by Vladimir Propp's Morphology of the Folktale; his intention was to emulate the Straparola in producing a popular collection of Italian fairy tales for the general reader. He did not compile tales from listeners, but made extensive use of the existing work of folklorists; he noted the source of each individual tale, but warned that was merely the version he used. He included extensive notes on his alterations to make the tales more readable and the logic of his selections, such as renaming the heroine of The Little Girl Sold with the Pears Perina rather than Margheritina to connect to the pears, and selecting Bella Venezia as the Italian variant of Snow White because it featured robbers, rather than the variants containing dwarfs, which he suspected were imported from Germany. It was first translated into English in 1962; a further translation is by Sylvia Mulcahy and constituted the first comprehensive collection of Italian folktales.

text:
# Italian Folktales

***Italian Folktales*** (*Fiabe italiane*) is a collection of 200 Italian folktales published in 1956 by Italo Calvino. Calvino began the project in 1954, influenced by Vladimir Propp's *Morphology of the Folktale*; his intention was to emulate the Straparola in producing a popular collection of Italian fairy tales for the general reader. He did not compile tales from listeners, but made extensive use of the existing work of folklorists; he noted the source of each individual tale, but warned that was merely the version he used.

He included extensive notes on his alterations to make the tales more readable and the logic of his selections, such as renaming the heroine of *The Little Girl Sold with the Pears* Perina rather than Margheritina to connect to the pears, and selecting *Bella Venezia* as the Italian variant of *Snow White* because it featured robbers, rather than the variants containing dwarfs, which he suspected were imported from Germany.

It was first translated into English in 1962; a further translation is by Sylvia Mulcahy (Dent, 1975) and constituted the first comprehensive collection of Italian folktales.

## List of tales

1. Dauntless Little John (Giovannin senza paura; Fearless Giovannino \[*Johnny*\])
2. The Man Wreathed in Seaweed (Riviera di Ponente) (L'uomo verde d'alghe; The man's green algae)
3. The Ship with Three Decks (Riviera di Ponente (Il bastimento a tre piani)
4. The Man Who Came Out Only at Night (Riviera di Ponente) (L'uomo che usciva solo di notte)
5. And Seven! (Riviera di Ponente) (E Sette!)
6. Body-without-Soul (Riviera di Ponente) (Corpo-senza-anima)
7. Money Can Do Everything (Genoa) (Il denaro fa tutto)
8. The Little Shepherd (Genoese hinterland) (Il pastore che non cresceva mai)
9. Silver Nose (Langhe) (Naso d'argento)
10. The Count's Beard (Bra)
11. The Little Girl Sold with the Pears (Montferrat)
12. The Snake (Montferrat)
13. The Three Castles (Montferrat)
14. The Prince Who Married a Frog (Montferrat)
15. The Parrot (Montferrat) (Il pappagallo)
16. The Twelve Oxen (Montferrat) (I dodici buoi)
17. Crack and Crook (Montferrat)
18. The Canary Prince (Turin)
19. King Crin (Colline del Po)
20. Those Stubborn Souls, the Biellese (Province of Biella)
21. The Pot of Marjoram (Milan)
22. The Billiards Player (Milan)
23. Animal Speech (Mantua)
24. The Three Cottages (Mantua)
25. The Peasant Astrologer (Mantua)
26. The Wolf and the Three Girls (Lake Garda)
27. The Land Where One Never Dies (Verona)
28. The Devotee of St. Joseph (Verona)
29. The Three Crones (Venice)
30. The Crab Prince (Venice)
31. Silent for Seven Years (Venice)
32. The Dead Man's Palace (Venice)
33. Pome and Peel (Venice)
34. The Cloven Youth (Venice)
35. Invisible Grandfather (Venice)
36. The King of Denmark's Son (Venice)
37. Petie Pete Versus Witch Bea-Witch (Friuli)
38. Quack, Quack! Stick to My Back! (Friuli)
39. The Happy Man's Shirt (Friuli)
40. One Night in Paradise (Friuli)
41. Jesus and St. Peter in Friuli (Friuli)
42. The Magic Ring (Trentino)
43. The Dead Man's Arm (Trentino)
44. The Science of Laziness (Trieste)
45. Fair Brow (Istria)
46. The Stolen Crown (Dalmatia)
47. The King's Daughter Who Could Never Get Enough Figs (Rome)
48. The Three Dogs (Romagna)
49. Uncle Wolf (Romagna)
50. Giricoccola (Bologna)
51. Tabagnino the Hunchback (Bologna)
52. The King of the Animals (Bologna)
53. The Devil's Breeches (Bologna)
54. Dear as Salt (Bologna)
55. The Queen of the Three Mountains of Gold (Bologna)
56. Lose Your Temper, and You Lose Your Bet (Bologna)
57. The Feathered Ogre (Garfagnana estense)
58. The Dragon with Seven Heads (Montale)
59. Bellinda and the Monster (Montale)
60. The Shepherd at Court (Montale)
61. The Sleeping Queen (Montale)
62. The Son of the Merchant from Milan (Montale)
63. Monkey Palace (Montale)
64. Rosina in the Oven (Montale)
65. The Salamanna Grapes (Montale)
66. The Enchanted Palace (Montale)
67. Buffalo Head (Montale)
68. The King of Portugal's Son (Montale)
69. Fanta-Ghiro the Beautiful (Montale)
70. The Old Woman's Hide (Montale)
71. Olive (Montale)
72. Catherine, Sly Country Lass (Montale)
73. The Traveler from Turin (Montale)
74. The Daughter of the Sun (Pisa) (La figlia del Sole)
75. The Dragon and the Enchanted Filly (Pisa) (Il Drago e la cavallina fatata)
76. The Florentine (Pisa) (Il Fiorentino)
77. Ill-Fated Royalty (Pisa) (I Reali sfortunati)
78. The Golden Ball (Pisa) (Il gobbino che picchia)
79. Fioravante and Beautiful Isolina (Pisa) (Fioravante e la bella Isolina)
80. Fearless Simpleton (Livorno) (Lo sciocco senza paura)
81. The Milkmaid Queen (Livorno) (La lattaia regina)
82. The Story of Campriano (Province of Lucca) (La storia di Campriano)
83. The North Wind's Gift (Mugello) (Il regalo del vento tramontano)
84. The Sorceress's Head (Upper Val d'Arno) (La testa della Maga)
85. Apple Girl (Firenze) (La ragazza mela)
86. Prezzemolina (Firenze)
87. The Fine Greenbird (Firenze) (L'Uccel bel-verde)
88. The King in the Basket (Firenze)
89. The One-Handed Murderer (Firenze)
90. The Two Hunchbacks (Firenze)
91. Pete and the Ox (Firenze)
92. The King of the Peacocks (Siena)
93. The Palace of the Doomed Queen (Siena)
94. The Little Geese (Siena)
95. Water in the Basket (Marche)
96. Fourteen (Marche)
97. Jack Strong, Slayer of Five Hundred (Marche)
98. Crystal Rooster (Marche)
99. A Boat for Land and Water (Rome)
100. The Neapolitan Soldier (Rome)
101. Belmiele and Belsole (Rome)
102. The Haughty Prince (Rome)
103. Wooden Maria (Rome)
104. Louse Hide (Rome)
105. Cicco Petrillo (Rome)
106. Nero and Bertha (Rome)
107. The Love of the Three Pomegranates (Abruzzo)
108. Joseph Ciufolo, Tiller-Flutist (Abruzzo)
109. Bella Venezia (Abruzzo)
110. The Mangy One (Abruzzo)
111. The Wildwood King (Abruzzo)
112. Mandorlinfiore (Abruzzo)
113. The Three Blind Queens (Abruzzo)
114. Hunchback Wryneck Hobbler (Abruzzo)
115. One-Eye (Abruzzo)
116. The False Grandmother (Abruzzo)
117. Frankie-Boy's Trade (Abruzzo)
118. Shining Fish (Abruzzo)
119. Miss North Wind and Mr. Zephyr (Molise)
120. The Palace Mouse and the Garden Mouse (Molise)
121. The Moor's Bones (Benevento)
122. The Chicken Laundress (Irpinia)
123. Crack, Crook, and Hook (Irpinia)
124. First Sword and Last Broom (Napoli)
125. Mrs. Fox and Mr. Wolf (Napoli)
126. The Five Scapegraces (Terra d'Otranto)
127. Ari-Ari, Donkey, Donkey, Money, Money! (Terra d'Otranto)
128. The School of Salamanca (Terra d'Otranto)
129. The Tale of the Cats (Terra d'Otranto)
130. Chick (Terra d'Otranto)
131. The Slave Mother (Terra d'Otranto)
132. The Sire Wife (Taranto)
133. The Princesses Wed to the First Passer-By (Basilicata)
134. Liombruno (Basilicata)
135. Cannelora (Basilicata)
136. Filo d'Oro and Filomena (Basilicata)
137. The Thirteen Bandits (Basilicata)
138. The Three Orphans (Calabria)
139. Sleeping Beauty and Her Children (Calabria)
140. The Handmade King (Calabria)
141. The Turkey Hen (Calabria)
142. The Three Chicory Gatherers (Calabria)
143. Beauty-with-the-Seven-Dresses (Calabria)
144. Serpent King (Calabria)
145. The Widow and the Brigand (Greci di Calabria)
146. The Crab with the Golden Eggs (Greci di Calabria)
147. Nick Fish (Palermo)
148. Grattula-Beddattula (Palermo)
149. Misfortune (Palermo)
150. Pippina the Serpent (Palermo)
151. Catherine the Wise (Palermo)
152. The Ismailian Merchant (Palermo)
153. The Thieving Dove (Palermo)
154. Dealer in Peas and Beans (Palermo)
155. The Sultan with the Itch (Palermo)
156. The Wife Who Lived on Wind (Palermo)
157. Wormwood (Palermo)
158. The King of Spain and the English Milord (Palermo)
159. The Bejeweled Boot (Palermo)
160. The Left-Hand Squire (Palermo)
161. Rosemary (Palermo)
162. Lame Devil (Palermo)
163. Three Tales by Three Sons of Three Merchants (Palermo)
164. The Dove Girl (Palermo)
165. Jesus and St. Peter in Sicily (Palermo)
166. The Barber's Timepiece (Inland vicinity of Palermo)
167. The Count's Sister (Inland vicinity of Palermo)
168. Master Francesco Sit-Down-and-Eat (Inland vicinity of Palermo)
169. The Marriage of Queen and a Bandit (Madonie)
170. The Seven Lamb Heads (Ficarazzi)
171. The Two Sea Merchants (Province of Palermo)
172. Out in the World (Salaparuta)
173. A Boat Loaded with… (Salaparuta)
174. The King's Son in the Henhouse (Salaparuta)
175. The Mincing Princess (Province of Trapani)
176. The Great Narbone (Province of Agrigento)
177. Animal Talk and the Nosy Wife (Province of Agrigento)
178. The Calf with the Golden Horns (Province of Agrigento)
179. The Captain and the General (Province of Agrigento)
180. The Peacock Feather (Province of Caltanissetta)
181. The Garden Witch (Province of Caltanissetta)
182. The Mouse with the Long Tail (Caltanissetta)
183. The Two Cousins (Province of Ragusa)
184. The Two Muleteers (Province of Ragusa)
185. Giovannuzza the Fox (Catania)
186. The Child that Fed the Crucifix (Catania)
187. Steward Truth (Catania)
188. The Foppish King (Acireale)
189. The Princess with the Horns (Acireale)
190. Giufa (Sicily)
191. Fra Ignazio (Campidano)
192. Solomon's Advice (Campidano)
193. The Man Who Robbed the Robbers (ampidano)
194. The Lions' Grass (Nurra)
195. The Convent of Nuns and the Monastery of Monks (Nurra)
196. The Male Fern (Gallura)
197. St. Anthony's Gift (Logudoro)
198. March and the Shepherd (Marzo e il Pastore) (Corsica)
199. John Balento (Corsica)
200. Jump into My Sack (Corsica)

## Reception

Reviewing the book in *The New Republic*, Ursula K. Le Guin wrote: "Essentially this book is to Italian literature what the Grimms' collection is to German literature. It is both the first and the standard. And its particular glory is that it was done not by a scholar-specialist but by a great writer of fiction... With absolute sureness of touch he selected, combined, rewove, reshaped so that each tale and the entire collection would show at its best, clear and strong, without obscurity or repetition. It was, of course, both his privilege and his responsibility as a teller of tales to do so. He assumed his privilege without question, and fulfilled his responsibility magnificently. One of the best storytellers alive telling us some of the best stories in the world—what luck!"

1. Italo Calvino, *Italian Folktales* p xvi ISBN 0-15-645489-0
2. Italo Calvino, *Italian Folktales* p xx ISBN 0-15-645489-0
3. Italo Calvino, *Italian Folktales* p 717 ISBN 0-15-645489-0
4. Italo Calvino, *Italian Folktales* p 739 ISBN 0-15-645489-0
5. Terri Windling, *White as Ricotta, Red as Wine: The Magic Lore of Italy<sup>\[usurped\]</sup>*
6. Le Guin, Ursula (1980). "Ursula K. Le Guin on Italo Calvino". *The New Republic*.
General


title: Thoughts and Details on Scarcity

abstract: Thoughts and Details on Scarcity, Originally Presented to the Right Hon. William Pitt, in the month of November, 1795 is a memorandum written by the Whig MP Edmund Burke to the Prime Minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger. It was published posthumously in 1800, along with an unfinished letter Burke was writing to the Secretary to the Board of Agriculture, Arthur Young. In the memorandum Burke claimed that it was not the government's responsibility to provide for the necessities of life and that labour is a commodity which will rise and fall according to the laws of supply and demand. Whenever people fall on hard times it should be left to private charity rather than state aid to alleviate their suffering. Burke further claimed that the laws of commerce were the laws of nature and therefore the laws of God. He accepted that there were exceptions to these rules and he set out what he believed should be the limits: That the State ought to confine itself to what regards the State, or the creatures of the State, namely, the exterior establishment of its religion; its magistracy; its revenue; its military force by sea and land; the corporations that owe their existence to its fiat; in a word, to every thing that is truly and properly public, to the public peace, to the public safety, to the public order, to the public prosperity. Samuel Whitbread, a parliamentary ally of Burke's rival Charles James Fox, introduced a Bill on 9 December 1795 to enable magistrates to set minimum wages for agricultural labourers. Burke's letter to Young likely grew out of his opposition to this Bill. This tract was often praised by the Radical and Liberal MP and anti-Corn Law activist, Richard Cobden.

text:
# Thoughts and Details on Scarcity

***Thoughts and Details on Scarcity, Originally Presented to the Right Hon. William Pitt, in the month of November, 1795*** is a memorandum written by the Whig MP Edmund Burke to the Prime Minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger. It was published posthumously in 1800, along with an unfinished letter Burke was writing to the Secretary to the Board of Agriculture, Arthur Young.

In the memorandum Burke claimed that it was not the government's responsibility to provide for the necessities of life and that labour is a commodity which will rise and fall according to the laws of supply and demand. Whenever people fall on hard times it should be left to private charity rather than state aid to alleviate their suffering. Burke further claimed that the laws of commerce were the laws of nature and therefore the laws of God. He accepted that there were exceptions to these rules and he set out what he believed should be the limits:

> That the State ought to confine itself to what regards the State, or the creatures of the State, namely, the exterior establishment of its religion; its magistracy; its revenue; its military force by sea and land; the corporations that owe their existence to its fiat; in a word, to every thing that is *truly and properly* public, to the public peace, to the public safety, to the public order, to the public prosperity.

Samuel Whitbread, a parliamentary ally of Burke's rival Charles James Fox, introduced a Bill on 9 December 1795 to enable magistrates to set minimum wages for agricultural labourers. Burke's letter to Young likely grew out of his opposition to this Bill.

This tract was often praised by the Radical and Liberal MP and anti-Corn Law activist, Richard Cobden.

1. Robert Eccleshall, *English Conservatism since the Restoration* (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), p. 75.
2. John Morley, *The Life of Richard Cobden* (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1905), p. 167.


title: West Bengal Sampark Kranti Express

abstract: The 12329 / 12330 West Bengal Sampark Kranti Express is the Sampark Kranti Express category train which connects Sealdah in Kolkata and Anand Vihar Terminal in Delhi,India. This train was first announced during the budget session on 2004–05 of Indian Railways by then the Minister of Railways, Nitish Kumar. It was officially inaugurated on 11 March 2005 from Sealdah and on 12 March 2005 from Delhi.

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# West Bengal Sampark Kranti Express

The 12329 / 12330 **West Bengal Sampark Kranti Express** is the Sampark Kranti Express category train which connects Sealdah in Kolkata and Anand Vihar Terminal in Delhi,India. This train was first announced during the budget session on 2004–05 of Indian Railways by then the Minister of Railways, Nitish Kumar. It was officially inaugurated on 11 March 2005 from Sealdah and on 12 March 2005 from Delhi.

## Schedule

West Bengal Sampark Kranti runs once a week. It departs from Sealdah at 13:10 hrs on Tuesday and arrives on its subsequent day at Anand Vihar Terminal at 08:40 hrs. On its return journey, it departs from Anand Vihar Terminal at 19:10 and arrives at Sealdah at 17:30 hrs.

In its journey, it passes through Indian states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. Enroute, the train covers 1447 km of journey in 19 hrs 40 min, at an average speed of 74 km / hr.

## Route & halts

| Station code | Station name | Arrival | Departure |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **SDAH** | **Sealdah** | --- | **13:10** |
| BWN | Barddhaman Junction | 14:37 | 14:39 |
| DGR | Durgapur | 15:23 | 15:27 |
| ASN | Asansol Junction | 16:02 | 16:07 |
| DHN | Dhanbad Junction | 17:10 | 17:15 |
| GAYA | Gaya Junction | 20:05 | 20:10 |
| DDU | Pt DD Upadhyaya Junction | 22:25 | 22:35 |
| CNB | Kanpur Central | 03:10 | 03:15 |
| **ANVT** | **Anand Vihar Terminal** | **08:40** | --- |
|

## Rake and composition

The West Bengal Sampark Kranti Express runs with the modern LHB coach since 28 February 2017. It carries one AC First cum AC Two tier, one AC Two Tier, three AC Three Tier, eleven Sleeper class, three General/Unreserved class, two Generator cum Luggage Vans and one pantry car.

The coach composition of West Bengal Sampark Kranti from Sealdah to Anand Vihar Terminal is:

| Loco | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | EOG | GEN | GEN | GEN | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | PC | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | A1 | HA1 | EOG |

While on its return journey the rake reverses.

## Traction

It is hauled by a Howrah-based WAP-7 locomotive throughout its entire journey.

## Other details

Earlier this train use to ply between Sealdah and Delhi Junction, but later in order to decongest Delhi Junction and New Delhi, this train was terminated to Anand Vihar Terminal from 3 October 2017. It shares its rake with the Sealdah–Amritsar Jallianwalla Bagh Express.

## Sources

## InfoBox

West Bengal Sampark Kranti Express
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Service type | Sampark Kranti Express |
| Locale | West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh & Delhi |
| First service | 11 March 2005 (2005-03-11) |
| Current operator(s) | Eastern Railway |
| Route | |
| Termini | Sealdah (SDAH)<br>Anand Vihar Terminal (ANVT) |
| Stops | 9 |
| Distance travelled | 1,445 km (898 mi) |
| Average journey time | 19 hours 40 minutes |
| Service frequency | Weekly |
| Train number(s) | 12329 / 12330 |
| On-board services | |
| Class(es) | AC first, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved |
| Seating arrangements | Yes |
| Sleeping arrangements | Yes |
| Catering facilities | Available |
| Observation facilities | Large windows |
| Baggage facilities | Available |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | LHB coach |
| Track gauge | 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Operating speed | 73 km/h (45 mph) average including halts. |
| Route map | |


title: Washington State League

abstract: The Washington State League was a Class-D minor league baseball circuit in Washington state that existed for three seasons—from 1910 to 1912. Teams in the league included the Aberdeen Black Cats, Chehalis Gophers, Hoquiam Loggers, Centralia Pets, Montesano Farmers, Raymond Cougars, Tacoma Cubs, South Bend River Rats and Centralia Railroaders. The Washington State League was also the name of an independent baseball league in 1897.

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# Washington State League

The **Washington State League** was a Class-D minor league baseball circuit in Washington state that existed for three seasons—from 1910 to 1912. Teams in the league included the Aberdeen Black Cats, Chehalis Gophers, Hoquiam Loggers, Centralia Pets, Montesano Farmers, Raymond Cougars, Tacoma Cubs, South Bend River Rats and Centralia Railroaders. The Washington State League was also the name of an independent baseball league in 1897.

## History

The Washington State League played the 1897 season as an independent baseball league, with unknown teams and standings.

In 1910, the league reformed. The 1910 league was organized at a meeting in Hoquiam, Washington on March 6, 1910, as a six–team circuit with a 21–week schedule. It was approved to split the shares of tickets equally between the home and away teams, with ten percent of the ticket earnings given to the league for travel expenses. Walter A. MacFarlane was elected league president and W. E. Campbell was elected vice president. During the 1910 season, the salary cap was limited to $850 per month.

In July 1910, Montesano Farmers second baseman Otto Moore was struck on the head with a baseball pitched by Harold Cross. As a result, Moore fell into a coma.

The Raymond Cougars won the 1910 Washington State League championship with a record of 36 wins and 19 losses (.655 winning percentage).

The league reduced to four teams in 1911 and 1912, folding during its final season. The Centralia Pets and Chehalis Farmers won championships in those seasons. The league permanently folded on July 14, 1912.

## Cities represented

## Standings & statistics

**1910 Washington State League**

| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Managers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Raymond Cougars | 36 | 19 | .655 | - | Fred Dunbar |
| Chehalis Gophers | 35 | 19 | .618 | 0.5 | Fred Heghring / Thomas Kelly |
| Aberdeen Black Cats | 24 | 29 | .453 | 11.0 | Dick Boettiger |
| Montesano Farmers | 22 | 31 | .415 | 13.0 | Chub Philbrick |
| Hoquiam Loggers | 12 | 18 | .400 | NA | Wells |
| Tacoma Cubs | 8 | 21 | .276 | NA | Joe Dryer |

Hoquiam disbanded July 15; Tacoma disbanded July 18.

**Player statistics**
| Player | Team | Stat | Tot |  | Player | Team | Stat | Tot |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fielder Jones | Chehalis | BA | .358 |  | James Jachs | Raymond | W | 15 |
| White McBride | Chehalis | Runs | 48 |  | James Jachs | Raymond | SO | 164 |
| Frank Jansa | Chehalis | Hits | 70 |  | Clarence Krause | Chehalis | PCT | .833 5–1 |

**1911 Washington State League**

| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Managers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Centralia Pets | 38 | 17 | .691 | - | W.R. Patton / Guy Muck |
| Chehalis Proteges | 36 | 20 | .648 | 2.5 | Dusty Miller / Lenny Taylor |
| Raymond Venetians | 25 | 29 | .463 | 12.5 | C.D. Wineholt |
| South Bend River Rats | 11 | 44 | .200 | 27.0 | NA |

**Player statistics**
| Player | Team | Stat | Tot |  | Player | Team | Stat | Tot |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ted Reed | South Bend | BA | .333 |  | Ray Callahan | Centra/Chehal | W | 13 |
| Tate Berry | Chehalis | Runs | 49 |  | Raymond Baker | Raymond | W | 13 |
| C.D. Wineholt | Raym/Chehal | Runs | 49 |  | Ray Callahan | Centra/Chehal | SO | 131 |
| Howard Guynn | Centralia | Hits | 72 |  | Heinie Berger | Centralia | PCT | .778 7–2 |
| C.D. Wineholt | Raym/Chehal | HR | 8 |

**1912 Washington State League**

| Team standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Managers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chehalis Farmers | 25 | 16 | .610 | - | James Burns |
| Centralia Railroaders | 19 | 17 | .528 | 3.5 | W.R. Patton / George Dysart |
| Aberdeen Black Cats | 16 | 21 | .432 | 7.0 | Thomas Kelly |
| Hoquiam Cougars | 17 | 23 | .425 | 7.5 | Ed Ford / Joe Wilkins |

Aberdeen disbanded July 10.
The league disbanded July 14.

**Player statistics**
| Player | Team | Stat | Tot |  | Player | Team | Stat | Tot |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| L.G. Taylor | Chehalis | BA | .351 |  | F.B. Archer | Chehalis | W | 9 |
| Arthur Haley | Chehalis | Runs | 17 |  | Heinie Berger | Hoquiam | SO | 82 |
| E. Carrigan | Chehalis | Hits | 23 |  | Walter Frink | Chehalis | PCT | .800 8–2 |
| L.A. Giddings | Aberdeen | Hits | 23 |
| Kinkelon | Hoquiam | HR | 2 |

## InfoBox

Washington State League
| Classification | Class D (1910—1912) |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Minor League Baseball |
| First season | 1897 |
| Ceased | July 14, 1912 |
| Director | W. E. Campbell (1910) |
| President | Walter R. McFarlane (1910)
O.J. Albers (1911—1912) |
| No. of teams | 8 |
| Country | United States of America |
| Most titles | **1**
Raymond Cougars (1910)
Centralia Pets (1911)
Chehalis Farmers (1912) |
| Related
competitions | Pacific Coast International League |


title: J. Michael Diack

abstract: J. Michael Diack was a Scottish musician, superintending the teaching of music in the Glasgow area. His activities were varied: he founded the Glasgow Bach Choir in 1906; he made English translations of choral works by Bach and Handel; he was instrumental in founding the Royal Scottish Country Dance Society and publishing their music; and, in his own compositions, he arranged nursery rhymes in the style of Handel.

text:
# J. Michael Diack

**J. Michael Diack** (**John Michael Diack**, June 26, 1869, Glasgow–February 2, 1946, London) was a Scottish musician, superintending the teaching of music in the Glasgow area. His activities were varied: he founded the Glasgow Bach Choir in 1906; he made English translations of choral works by Bach and Handel; he was instrumental in founding the Royal Scottish Country Dance Society and publishing their music; and, in his own compositions, he arranged nursery rhymes in the style of Handel.

## Choral music

In 1906 he founded the Glasgow Bach Choir: since the original Bach Choir in London was established in 1875 with the aim of performing Bach's B minor mass in its entirety, the popularity of Bach's music resulted in similar choirs being formed over the country. Diack also made several English translations of choral works of Bach and Handel for Breitkopf & Härtel, one of the main musical publishing houses.

## Scottish country dance

In 1923 he became one of the founding members of the Scottish Country Dance Society when he suggested a meeting with Jean Milligan and Ysobel Stewart, who, as principal organisers, rapidly built up the Society. In 1951. under George VI and the future Queen, it became the Royal Scottish Country Dance Society. Diack arranged settings of numerous dances for the publishing company Paterson Sons & Co of Wigmore Street, London, and Buchanan Street, Glasgow.

## Nursery rhymes

As an individual musician, apart from his ballads, his idiosyncratic arrangements included "Sing a Song of Sixpence," "Mary Had a Little Lamb," "Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary," "Little Boy Blue," "Old Mother Hubbard" and "Little Jack Horner", set in the style of George Frederick Handel.

## Teaching and song books

For music students he wrote several pedagogical books: "Vocal Exercises on Tone-Placing and Enunciation" (1920)' "Five Minute Daily Exercises on Vocal Techniques" (1920); and "Tone Colour and Interpretation" (1926). He edited the "New Scottish Orpheus", containing 200 songs, and "The Burns Songbook", containing 50 songs. Diack became a Professor of singing at the "Athenaeum School of Music" in Glasgow. That institution changed its name first to the "Scottish National Academy of Music," then to the "Royal Scottish Academy of Music" and finally to the "Royal Conservatoire of Scotland".

* Baker, Theodore (1958), "J. Michael Diack", *Biographical Dictionary of Musicians*, G. Schirmer
* "History". Royal Scottish Country Dance Society. 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
* Hore, Gearge (2015). "Paterson's Publications Ltd, A History of the Company". Alt Pibroch Club. Retrieved 26 September 2020.


title: Inside Love (So Personal)

abstract: "Inside Love" is a song written by Kashif, and performed by American R&B singer George Benson.

text:
# Inside Love (So Personal)

**"Inside Love (So Personal)"** is a song written by Kashif, and performed by American R&B singer George Benson.

## Track listing

**7" Single**

1. "Inside Love (So Personal)" - 4:08
2. "In Search of a Dream" - 4:58

**12" Single**

1. "Inside Love (So Personal)" long instrumental version - 7:03
2. "Inside Love (So Personal)" LP version - 5:13
3. "In Search of a Dream" - 4:58

## Chart performance

The song was one of several singles taken from the album In Your Eyes. Released in 1983, in which it entered the UK Singles Chart on 17 December. It reached a peak position of number 57, and remained in the chart for 5 weeks. In the U.S., the single was released in the spring of the year. It reached number 43 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and number and number 40 on *Cash Box*.

| Chart (1983) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles Chart | 57 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 43 |
| US *Billboard* Dance/Disco Top 80 | 7 |
| US *Billboard* Adult Contemporary | 35 |
| US *Billboard* Hot Black Singles | 3 |
| US *Cashbox* | 40 |

## InfoBox

| "Inside Love (So Personal)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by George Benson | |
| from the album  *In Your Eyes* | |
| B-side | "In Search of a Dream" |
| Released | 1983 |
| Recorded | 1983 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 4:08 (single version) 5:15 (album version) |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) | Kashif |
| Producer(s) | Kashif, Arif Mardin |
| George Benson singles chronology | |
| "Never Give Up on a Good Thing"
(1981) "**Inside Love (So Personal)**"
(1983) "Lady Love Me (One More Time)"
(1983) | |


title: Julia Chuzhoy

abstract: Julia Chuzhoy is an Israeli mathematician and computer scientist at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, known for her research on approximation algorithms and graph theory.

text:
# Julia Chuzhoy

**Julia Chuzhoy** is an Israeli mathematician and computer scientist at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, known for her research on approximation algorithms and graph theory.

## Education and career

Chuzhoy earned bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in 1998, 2000, and 2004 respectively. Her dissertation, on approximation algorithms, was supervised by Seffi Naor. She has been at the Toyota Technological Institute since 2007, and also holds a position in the Computer Science Department of the University of Chicago.

## Contributions and recognition

Chuzhoy won the best paper award at the 2012 Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science for her paper with Shi Li on approximating the problem of connecting many given pairs of vertices in a graph by edge-disjoint paths.\[CL12\] She is also known for her work showing a polynomial relation between the size of a grid graph minor of a graph and its treewidth.\[CC16\] This connection between these two graph properties is a key component of the Robertson–Seymour theorem, is closely related to Halin's grid theorem for infinite graphs, and underlies the theory of bidimensionality for graph approximation algorithms.

She was an Invited Speaker at the 2014 International Congress of Mathematicians, in Seoul.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| Julia Chuzhoy | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Israeli |
| Alma mater | Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.) |
| Known for | Approximation algorithms, graph theory |
| Awards | Best Paper Award at the Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (2012) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics, Computer science |
| Institutions | Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, University of Chicago |
| Doctoral advisor | Seffi Naor |
|  | |


title: Hitbox (web analytics)

abstract: Hitbox was a popular web counter and web analytics product created by WebSideStory, until taken over by Omniture, originally for adult entertainment websites. It was widely used by commercial & other organizations across a variety of industrial sectors as a complete and integrated metrics solution for monitoring web traffic and driving marketing. Adobe plans to completely phase it out by moving all their clients to their flagship product, SiteCatalyst. Companies place JavaScript files on their web servers which are linked to from a HTML script in the page code. The combination of the two makes a request from the data collection servers for each page viewed by a user. A cookie is placed on the users computer which contains a unique id. This unique id is passed with the request to the data collection servers. During the processing of the data Hitbox ties together the page views to get a perspective of how the user moved through the site. Other, custom information can be passed in the request as well as information from the HTTP header of the browser, such as referrer and browser details. Some Web Analytics services have been declared spyware by several anti-spyware organizations.

text:
# Hitbox (web analytics)

**Hitbox** was a popular web counter and web analytics product created by WebSideStory, until taken over by Omniture (subsequently taken over by Adobe), originally for adult entertainment websites. It was widely used by commercial & other organizations across a variety of industrial sectors as a complete and integrated metrics solution for monitoring web traffic and driving marketing. Adobe plans to completely phase it out by moving all their clients to their flagship product, SiteCatalyst.

Companies place JavaScript files on their web servers which are linked to from a HTML script in the page code. The combination of the two makes a request from the data collection servers for each page viewed by a user. A cookie is placed on the users computer which contains a unique id. This unique id is passed with the request to the data collection servers. During the processing of the data Hitbox ties together the page views to get a perspective of how the user moved through the site. Other, custom information can be passed in the request as well as information from the HTTP header of the browser, such as referrer and browser details.

Some Web Analytics services have been declared spyware by several anti-spyware organizations.


abstract: Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College (PRCMDC), (پاک ریڈ کریسینٹ میڈیکل اینڈ ڈینٹل کالج established in 2011, is a private college of medicine and dentistry located on Multan Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

text:
# Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College

**Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College** (**PRCMDC**), (پاک ریڈ کریسینٹ میڈیکل اینڈ ڈینٹل کالج established in 2011, is a private college of medicine and dentistry located on Multan Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Recognized college

This college is registered with and accredited by Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, listed in WHO, Avicenna Directories and IMED, affiliated with University of Health Sciences, Lahore, and approved by Ministry of Health. Social Pak Red Crescent Teaching Hospital is attached as training and teaching hospitals.

It was established by the Pakistan Red Crescent Society.

The principal aim of establishing the Pak Red Crescent Medical College along with a teaching hospital is to provide healthcare facilities to the underprivileged population of District Kasur and southern part of Lahore.

## Facilities

The college has highly qualified and experienced faculty along with all the latest teaching facilities including digital library and computer labs. It has separate hostels for boys and girls, a mosque, and a cafeteria.

Its affiliated hospital remains to be the preferred first line of treatment for the people of phool Nagar, manga mandi and other areas because of its state of the art facilities and being the only tertiary care hospital in the area.

## InfoBox

Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College (PRCMDC)
| پاک ریڈ کریسینٹ میڈیکل اینڈ ڈینٹل کالج | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Private sector Medical school, dental school |
| Established | 2011 |
| Principal | Prof. Dr. Khalid Javed Rabbani |
| Undergraduates | ~550 MBBS |
| Location | Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Affiliations |  |
| Website | Official website |
|  | |


title: Thoreau–Alcott House

abstract: The Thoreau–Alcott House is a historic house at 255 Main Street in Concord, Massachusetts, United States that was home to the writers Henry David Thoreau and Louisa May Alcott at different times.

text:
# Thoreau–Alcott House

The **Thoreau–Alcott House** is a historic house at 255 Main Street in Concord, Massachusetts, United States that was home to the writers Henry David Thoreau and Louisa May Alcott at different times.

## Description and history

The house was built in 1849 by Josiah Davis and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1976.

Henry David Thoreau moved to this home in 1850 with his family; he stayed until his death on May 6, 1862. After the death of her mother Abby May, Louisa May Alcott purchased the home for her recently widowed sister Anna Alcott Pratt. Louisa also moved to the house, along with her father Amos Bronson Alcott. It was in this home that Louisa wrote her novel *Jo's Boys* (1886), a sequel to *Little Women* (1868).

Today, the home remains privately owned.

Media related to Thoreau-Alcott House at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Thoreau–Alcott House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 255 Main Street,<br>Concord, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°27′30″N 71°21′30″W / 42.45833°N 71.35833°W / 42.45833; -71.35833 |
| Built | 1849 |
| Architect | Josiah Davis |
| NRHP reference No. | 76000247 |
| Added to NRHP | July 12, 1976 |


title: Hans Schenk (athlete)

abstract: Hans Schenk was a German athlete. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Hans Schenk (athlete)

**Hans Schenk** (1 January 1936  19 January 2006) was a German athlete. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Hans Schenk
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | German |
| Born | (1936-01-01)1 January 1936
Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany |
| Died | 19 January 2006(2006-01-19) (aged 70)
Leverkusen, Germany |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Javelin throw |


title: Warrens, Wisconsin

abstract: Warrens is a village in Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States off I-94. The population was 544 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Warrens, Wisconsin

**Warrens** is a village in Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States off I-94. The population was 544 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Warrens is located at 44°7′49″N 90°30′3″W / 44.13028°N 90.50083°W / 44.13028; -90.50083 (44.130347, -90.500699).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.47 square miles (3.81 km2), of which, 1.45 square miles (3.76 km2) of it is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 300 |  |  |
| 1990 | 343 |  | 14.3% |
| 2000 | 286 |  | −16.6% |
| 2010 | 363 |  | 26.9% |
| 2020 | 544 |  | 49.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 363 people, 154 households, and 96 families living in the village. The population density was 250.3 inhabitants per square mile (96.6/km2). There were 375 housing units at an average density of 258.6 per square mile (99.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 94.5% White, 1.1% African American, 1.9% Native American, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 154 households, of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.7% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.03.

The median age in the village was 37.5 years. 25.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 28.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 286 people, 113 households, and 76 families living in the village. The population density was 484.5 people per square mile (187.2/km2). There were 128 housing units at an aver had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $29,464, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $26,932 versus $16,607 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,005. About 1.4% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 18.4% of those 65 or over.

## Economy

Warrens is the hub of a cranberry-growing region. The population of the small village of Warrens swells to over 100,000 each September when it hosts the annual Warrens Cranberry Festival. One of the largest such festivals in the country, Cranfest is held annually during the last full weekend of September. The festival includes over 100 farmers' market booths, 350 antique and flea market vendors, 800 arts and craft vendors, and Wisconsin's largest marching band parade. Due to the Coronavirus Pandemic of 2020, Cranfest was cancelled, with plans to hold a festival in 2021.

## Images

## InfoBox

| Warrens, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Location of Warrens in Monroe County, Wisconsin. | |
| Coordinates: 44°7′49″N 90°30′3″W / 44.13028°N 90.50083°W / 44.13028; -90.50083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Monroe |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.50 sq mi (3.89 km2) |
| Land | 1.48 sq mi (3.84 km2) |
| Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,017 ft (310 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 544 |
| Density | 235.33/sq mi (90.86/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 608 |
| FIPS code | 55-83450 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1576222 |


title: Palikówka

abstract: Palikówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Krasne and 12 km (7 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

text:
# Palikówka

**Palikówka** \[paliˈkufka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Krasne and 12 km (7 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

## InfoBox

| Palikówka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Palikówka | |
| Coordinates: 50°5′N 22°9′E / 50.083°N 22.150°E / 50.083; 22.150 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Rzeszów |
| Gmina | Krasne |
| Elevation | 193 m (633 ft) |
| Population | 1,200 |
| Website | www.palikowka.com.pl |


title: Mordellistena sumifubra

abstract: Mordellistena sumifubra is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Champion in 1927.

text:
# Mordellistena sumifubra

***Mordellistena sumifubra*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Champion in 1927.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena sumifubra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. sumifubra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena sumifubra***<br>Champion, 1927 | |
|