title: Modeccin

abstract: Modeccin is a toxic lectin, a group of glycoproteins capable of binding specifically to sugar moieties. Different toxic lectins are present in seeds of different origin. Modeccin is found in the roots of the African plant Adenia digitata. These roots are often mistaken for edible roots, which has led to some cases of intoxication. Sometimes the fruit is eaten, or a root extract is drunk as a manner of suicide.

text:
# Modeccin

**Modeccin** is a toxic lectin, a group of glycoproteins capable of binding specifically to sugar moieties. Different toxic lectins are present in seeds of different origin. Modeccin is found in the roots of the African plant *Adenia digitata*. These roots are often mistaken for edible roots, which has led to some cases of intoxication. Sometimes the fruit is eaten, or a root extract is drunk as a manner of suicide.

## Structure and reactivity

Modeccin consists of two subunits that are bound by a disulfide linkage, the intact protein has a molecular weight of approximately 57-63 kDa. When treated with mercaptoethanol the chains can be dissociated into two subunits, subunit A with a mass of 25-28 kDa and subunit B with a mass of 31-35 kDa.

The A-chain is called the *effectomer* and possesses ribosomal-inactivating properties. The B-chain contains the carbohydrate binding site and it is termed the *haptomer*. While the intact toxin molecules have potent cytotoxic effects on cells, they exhibit no ribosomal inactivating activity on ribosomes in a cell-free system. By contrast, reduction of the toxin with a disulfide reducing agent creates the opposite effects. Reduced, dissociated toxin subunits inhibit ribosomal activity in cell-free systems, but they have no effect on intact cells.

The reason for these properties is due to the toxin's mode of action. Toxin molecules bind through saccharide recognition sites on the B-chain to particular β-galactosyl-containing glycoprotein or glycolipid components on the surface of cell membranes. In animals that are sensitive to these toxins these polysaccharides are present in virtually all cell types. The toxin binds to cell-surface polysaccharide receptors with a high affinity (Ka in the range of 107–108/M). When the toxin binds to the cell, the A-chain enters through either active transport or endocytosis. Once inside the cell the A-chain enters the cytoplasmic space, binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and enzymatically inactivates it. The mechanism is catalytic because of this one toxin molecule is enough to disrupt protein synthesis and kill the target cell.

Cytotoxic lectins including modeccin act in a similar manner as ricin, a well understood toxic lectin, though each one has a different saccharide binding specificity.

Cytotoxic lectins include ricin, abrin, modeccin, volkensin (least toxic, 10 and 40 times less cytotoxic than ricin and modeccin respectively.) and viscumin (10 times less cytotoxic than ricin).

**Comparison of the parenteral lethality of ricin and related toxins in laboratory mice**

| Toxin | LD50 (mg/kg) | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ricin | 0.8-10 |  |
| Abrin | 0.6-20 |  |
| Modeccin | 2.0-5.3 |  |
| Volkensin | 1.7 |  |
| Viscumin | 2.4 |  |

### Hybrids

Synthetically produced toxins and genetically engineered toxin chimeras are areas of emerging interest because of their possible application as new medical modalities (e.g., IgTs) and powerful research tools, as well as their potential misuse as toxin weapons to confuse traditional medical countermeasures (Olsnes and Pihl, 1986; Millard, 2005). Hybrid molecules were prepared from the A- and B-chains of the toxic lectins ricin and modeccin by dialyzing mixtures of isolated chains to allow a disulfide bridge to be formed between them. Whereas the hybrid consisting of ricin A-chain and modeccin B-chain was non-toxic, the converse hybrid, modeccin A-chain/ricin B-chain, was even more toxic than were the parent toxins, native ricin and modeccin.

## Extraction

Extraction of modeccin from the roots of *Adenia digitata* follows the following procedure. It is firstly chopped into small pieces and then soaked in a sodium chloride solution overnight. It is then homogenised in a Waring Blender and left standing overnight. A cheesecloth is used to wring out all moisture from the mixture. The extract was left standing again overnight, and the remaining supernatant was obtained through centrifugation. The dissolved proteins were precipitated by saturation of the supernatant using ammonium sulfate. The proteins were obtained through centrifugation, redissolving in H2O and dialysis against running water for two days. Finally, the precipitate was removed via low speed centrifugation and the supernatant was freeze-dried.

The extract was fractioned using a Sephadex column. The different fractions were assayed for toxicity to mice, to which the most toxic fraction was pooled and subsequently applied to a DEAE-(diethylaminoethyl)-column. The bound proteins, including modeccin, were eluted and fractionised using a gradient of sodium chloride in solution. Again, the fractions were assayed for toxicity to mice, to which the most toxic fraction was pooled and analysed by Gel Electrophoresis. To better follow the protein during further purification, labelling using 125I is done via the lactoperoxidase method. This does not affect toxicity.

Further purification using affinity chromatography with immobilised glycoproteins. Affinity was increased by glycoprotein-treatment with neuraminidase, enzymes that cleave glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids. Elution of the proteins from the column was effectuated using lactose. Dialysis of the eluted proteins removed the lactose. The different fractions were assayed for toxicity to mice.

Gel electrophoresis of the fractions was carried out on a polyacrylamide gel. Samples were made containing sodium dodecyl sulphate, and in some cases small amounts of mercapto- ethanol. A molecular weight of approximately 63 kDa is found in the protein fractions, with traces of 38 kDa and 28 kDa. These trace-fractions are more apparent in mercaptoethanol treated protein fractions. This confirms that modeccin consists of two protein chains of 28 and 38 kDa respective, linked via a disulfide bond.

## Mechanism of action

Modeccin inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit. Evidence shows that the toxin inhibits both initiation as elongation of peptide chains. The toxin only attacks eukaryotic ribosomes, bacteria are resistant.

### The B-chain

The B-chain has saccharide recognition sites for particular ß-galactosyl-containing glycopro-teins or glycolipid compounds on the cell membrane.

Modeccin B-chain enters the cytosol after a delay, since most of the time it is present in intracellular vesicles. Without the Golgi complex, the B-chain cannot enter the cytosol and therefore loses its toxicity. It only enters the cytosol after it has reached the Golgi complex. Modeccin requires a low pH for entry into the cell. Below pH of 6.0, modeccin can't enter the cell via endocytosis. It is also known that entry to the cytosol require Ca2+-ions.

### The A-chain

Research has shown that one toxin A-chain can inactivate a large number of ribosomes, this suggests that the toxin acts by catalytic mechanism. The nature of the enzymatic activity of the A-chain is still not completely clear, it is likely that the A-chain acts as hydrolytic enzyme. Possibly by removing a minor functional group like methyl or phosphate. Experimental data shows that modeccin kills cells by inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit, however the possibility cannot be excluded that the poison also acts on other parts of the cell.

In studies with cell free systems it was shown that only free A-chains inhibit protein synthesis, when the A-chain was bound to the B-chain the toxin was not active. The toxin acts on the ribosomes at, or close to the binding site of Elongation Factor 2 (EF2) and effectuates a modification at this site resulting in lower affinity of EF2 on that site. The ribosomes are sensitized to modeccin if EF2 is unbound to GTP. A conformational change to the 60S ribosomal subunit is induced by EF2, which is favourable for the action of modeccin B-chain.

### Effects on animals

Modeccin facilitates destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the ipsilateral substantia nigra and intralaminar thalamus in mice central nervous system (CNS). Modeccin is therefore a more potent suicide transport agent than ricin, as ricin is unable to bind to plasma membranes of CNS axon terminals. Direct injection of modeccin into the CNS effectuated local necrosis.

Modeccin exhibits the same toxicity to hepatocytes (liver cells) in vivo as in vitro. It penetrates the hepatocytes and damages the 60s ribosomal subunits. Vesiculation and degranulation of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum after 6 hours of poisoning, total fragmentation after 24 hours of poisoning. Not only the ribosomes are affected, also mitochondria showed damage after modeccin poisoning.

## Metabolism

The mechanism of metabolism of modeccin has not been investigated but presumably consists of proteolysis. Free toxin is removed by primarily the liver and kidneys or may be degraded through cellular internalization via lysosomes. The lysosomes carry digestive enzymes, including several proteases that can degrade the modeccin.

## Counteracting toxicity

### Saccharide binding competition

Mono- and disaccharides, specifically galactose and lactose are potent binding inhibitors of modeccin. This is related to the necessity of terminal galactose residues in modeccin binding sites on cell-membranes.

### Brefeldin A

Treatment with Brefeldin A (BFA) inhibits the cytotoxicity of modeccin, by disrupting the Golgi apparatus. Brefeldin A blocks transport from the Endoplasmatic Reticulum and inhibits vesicle formation in the Golgi apparatus. Nucleotide exchange into ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) is inhibited by BFA, thus preventing assembly of cytosolic coat proteins on target membranes. Without vesicle formation that transport modeccin from the Golgi apparatus into the cytosol, modeccin can't enter the cytosol.

### Degree of acidity

Intravesicular elevation of pH, facilitated by treatment with NH3Cl, inhibits cytotoxicity of modeccin. Also, incorporation of ionophores like Monensin in the cells facilitates elevation of pH. This is because of their capability of reversible ion-binding and their lipophilic nature.

### Ceramide analogs

The protective effect of ceramide analogs and related sphingolipids, shown in figure 5, is observed in cytotoxin activity of modeccin. They do not affect the binding and internalization of modeccin but do affect the intracellular protein transport through the Golgi complex. C2-cer, C6-cer and C8-cer protect against modeccin toxicity, but the former and the latter less effective than C6-cer. The naturally occurring C18-cer has no effect on modeccin toxicity, as well as sphingosine and sphingomyelin.


title: Girolamo Sirchia

abstract: Girolamo Sirchia, is an Italian physician and politician. Sirchia was born in Milan. He is married and has two daughters. He obtained a medical degree at University of Milan, specializing in Internal Medicine and Immuno-hematology. He was Italian Minister of Health from June 2001 to April 2005 and he is known first for a smoking ban in all indoor public places. On 2 February 2005 he was investigated for corruption, after the suicide of his friend Francesco Mercuriali the previous 3 October. On 17 April 2008 he was sentenced to three years of imprisonment for bribes in the world of health, plus five years of interdiction from public offices. Together with him the alleged corrupters were convicted, in particular of Haemonetics Italia. The sentence refers only to the accusations concerning events after 2000, while for the previous ones there was a prescription. On 3 March 2010, the appeal ruling confirmed the embezzlement in relation to about 300,000 Swiss francs taken from the Il Sangue foundation of which he was treasurer, but acquitted him of the corruption charge. For a third charge, relating to $ 10,000 received from Japan's Kawasumi in December 2000, the judges finally declared the prescription; other disputes for which allegations of corruption were pending had already been declared prescribed during the first degree. The penalty was thus reduced to 5 months in prison and € 600 fine: the Court of Appeal of Milan has therefore lifted the ban on public offices against Sirchia.

text:
# Girolamo Sirchia

**Girolamo Sirchia** (born 14 September 1933), is an Italian physician and politician.

Sirchia was born in Milan. He is married and has two daughters. He obtained a medical degree at University of Milan, specializing in Internal Medicine and Immuno-hematology.

He was Italian Minister of Health from June 2001 to April 2005 and he is known first for a smoking ban (*Sirchia law*) in all indoor public places.

On 2 February 2005 he was investigated for corruption, after the suicide of his friend Francesco Mercuriali the previous 3 October.

On 17 April 2008 he was sentenced (first instance judgment) to three years of imprisonment for bribes in the world of health, plus five years of interdiction from public offices. Together with him the alleged corrupters were convicted, in particular of *Haemonetics Italia*. The sentence refers only to the accusations concerning events after 2000, while for the previous ones there was a prescription.

On 3 March 2010, the appeal ruling confirmed the embezzlement in relation to about 300,000 Swiss francs taken from the *Il Sangue* foundation of which he was treasurer, but acquitted him of the corruption charge. For a third charge, relating to $ 10,000 received from Japan's Kawasumi in December 2000, the judges finally declared the prescription; other disputes for which allegations of corruption were pending had already been declared prescribed during the first degree. The penalty was thus reduced to 5 months in prison and € 600 fine: the Court of Appeal of Milan has therefore lifted the ban on public offices against Sirchia.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Girolamo Sirchia | |
| --- | --- |
| Girolamo Sirchia with Alberto Pellai (left) in 2004. | |
|  | |
| Minister of Health | |
| **In office**
11 June 2001  23 April 2005 | |
| Prime Minister | Silvio Berlusconi |
| Preceded by | Umberto Veronesi |
| Succeeded by | Francesco Storace |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1933-09-14) 14 September 1933
Milan, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Political party | Independent |
| Alma mater | University of Milan |
| Profession | Medic |
|  | |


title: Missonga, Ontario

abstract: Missonga is an unincorporated place and railway point in geographic Shenango Township, in the Unorganized North part of Sudbury District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental railway main line between the railway point of Oatland to the west and the dispersed rural community of Shawmere to the east, has a railway siding, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains. Missonga is on Shenango Lake, at a point where Mishionga Creek leaves the lake; Mishionga Creek is a left tributary of the Shawmere River.

text:
# Missonga, Ontario

**Missonga** is an unincorporated place and railway point in geographic Shenango Township, in the Unorganized North part of Sudbury District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental railway main line between the railway point of Oatland to the west and the dispersed rural community of Shawmere to the east, has a railway siding, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental *Canadian* trains. Missonga is on Shenango Lake, at a point where Mishionga Creek leaves the lake; Mishionga Creek is a left tributary of the Shawmere River.

## History

Missonga is on part of a section of what was originally the Canadian Northern Railway that was under construction from 1912 to 1913.

Other map sources:

## InfoBox

| Missonga | |
| --- | --- |
| Railway point | |
| MissongaLocation in Ontario | |
| Coordinates: 48°23′16″N 82°41′26″W / 48.38778°N 82.69056°W / 48.38778; -82.69056 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| District | Sudbury |
| Elevation | 356 m (1,168 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Postal Code FSA | P0M |


abstract: The men's team modern pentathlon event was a multi-sport combined event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. It was the 5th consecutive Games at which the team event was held after being introduced in 1952. The competition involved riding, fencing, shooting, swimming, and running. The scores from the individual competition were used for the team score; there was no separate competition. The event resulted in the first Olympic competitor being disqualified for doping. Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall was disqualified for alcohol use after drinking beer before the shooting phase.

text:
# Modern pentathlon at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's team

The **men's team modern pentathlon** event was a multi-sport combined event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. It was the 5th consecutive Games at which the team event was held after being introduced in 1952. The competition involved riding, fencing, shooting, swimming, and running. The scores from the individual competition were used for the team score; there was no separate competition.

The event resulted in the first Olympic competitor being disqualified for doping. Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall was disqualified for alcohol use after drinking beer before the shooting phase.

## Results

| Rank | Nation | Pentathlete |  |  |  |  |  | Total | Team score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Hungary | András Balczó | 1010 | 1000 | 934 | 1054 | 1024 | 5022 | 14325 |
| | | István Móna | 1010 | 1078 | 868 | 943 | 847 | 4746 |
| | | Ferenc Török | 920 | 1052 | 912 | 880 | 793 | 4557 |
|  | Soviet Union | Boris Onishchenko | 995 | 948 | 912 | 1054 | 910 | 4819 | 14248 |
| | | Pavel Lednyov | 1070 | 844 | 934 | 1060 | 892 | 4800 |
| | | Stasys Šaparnis | 1070 | 766 | 802 | 1027 | 964 | 4629 |
|  | France | Raoul Gueguen | 1040 | 974 | 912 | 1000 | 850 | 4776 | 13289 |
| | | Lucien Guiguet | 1035 | 688 | 824 | 958 | 934 | 4439 |
| | | Jean-Pierre Giudicelli | 780 | 506 | 890 | 973 | 925 | 4074 |
| 4 | United States | James Moore | 1040 | 766 | 912 | 931 | 937 | 4586 | 13280 |
| | | Robert Beck | 1010 | 896 | 912 | 925 | 655 | 4398 |
| | | Maurice Lough | 980 | 662 | 846 | 988 | 820 | 4296 |
| 5 | Finland | Martti Ketela | 1010 | 896 | 846 | 964 | 856 | 4572 | 13238 |
| | | Seppo Aho | 1100 | 922 | 692 | 940 | 880 | 4534 |
| | | Jorma Hotanen | 780 | 740 | 846 | 895 | 871 | 4132 |
| 6 | East Germany | Karl-Heinz Kutschke | 1070 | 610 | 846 | 1126 | 1090 | 4742 | 13167 |
| | | Jörg Tscherner | 1050 | 792 | 846 | 1060 | 766 | 4514 |
| | | Wolfgang Luderitz | 365 | 792 | 934 | 907 | 913 | 3911 |
| 7 | Japan | Yuso Makihira | 1040 | 818 | 802 | 898 | 973 | 4531 | 13083 |
| | | Katsuaki Tashiro | 1100 | 714 | 934 | 931 | 676 | 4355 |
| | | Toshio Fukui | 840 | 896 | 692 | 967 | 802 | 4197 |
| 8 | Great Britain | Jeremy Fox | 1010 | 844 | 890 | 1006 | 895 | 4645 | 12893 |
| | | Barry Lillywhite | 985 | 792 | 802 | 982 | 700 | 4261 |
| | | Robert Phelps | 795 | 688 | 978 | 964 | 562 | 3987 |
| 9 | Italy | Mario Medda | 1010 | 948 | 758 | 949 | 937 | 4602 | 12601 |
| | | Giancarlo Morresi | 790 | 766 | 1022 | 1051 | 703 | 4332 |
| | | Nicolo Deligia | 460 | 688 | 780 | 889 | 850 | 3667 |
| 10 | Mexico | Eduardo Olivera | 1070 | 766 | 868 | 997 | 769 | 4470 | 12414 |
| | | David Bárcena | 1010 | 506 | 890 | 982 | 952 | 4340 |
| | | Eduard Tovar | 805 | 532 | 648 | 889 | 730 | 3604 |
| 11 | Bulgaria | Antone Paniowsky | 950 | 740 | 978 | 892 | 703 | 4263 | 11976 |
| | | Konstantine Sardjev | 1100 | 662 | 868 | 757 | 811 | 4198 |
| | | Ivan Apostolov | 720 | 662 | 538 | 880 | 715 | 3515 |
| 12 | Australia | Peter Macken | 935 | 636 | 802 | 910 | 982 | 4265 | 11959 |
| | | Duncan Page | 1035 | 558 | 846 | 880 | 580 | 3899 |
| | | Donald McMikin | 545 | 714 | 1022 | 835 | 679 | 3795 |
| 13 | West Germany | Elmar Frings | 1070 | 818 | 846 | 955 | 796 | 4485 | 11834 |
| | | Heiner Thade | 910 | 948 | 956 | 877 | 613 | 4304 |
| | | Hans Todt | ELI | 714 | 736 | 865 | 730 | 3045 |
|  | Austria | Wolf-Dieter Sonnleitner | 1010 | 688 | 912 | 916 | 832 | 4442 | DNF |
| | | Siegfried Springer | 1030 | 870 | 846 | 883 | 718 | 4347 |
| | | Wolfgang Leu | 980 | 766 | 670 | DNF | DNF | DNF |
|  | Sweden | Björn Ferm | 1100 | 896 | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ |
| | | Hans Jacobson | 1025 | 1000 | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ |
| | | Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall | 1010 | 922 | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ | DSQ |

## InfoBox

| Men's team modern pentathlon<br>at the Games of the XIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue |  |
| Dates | October 13–17 |
| Competitors | 45 from 15 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Hungary  Soviet Union  France | |
|


abstract:
The modern pentathlon at the 1972 Summer Olympics was represented by two events: Individual competition and Team competition. As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon, one competition was held and each competitor's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table. This competition consisted of 5 disciplines:
  - Equestrian, held on August 27
  - Fencing, held on August 28
  - Shooting, held on August 29
  - Swimming, held on August 30
  - Cross-country, held on August 31

text:
# Modern pentathlon at the 1972 Summer Olympics

The modern pentathlon at the 1972 Summer Olympics was represented by two events (both for men): *Individual competition* and *Team competition*. As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon, one competition was held and each competitor's score was included to the *Individual competition* event results table and was also added to his teammates' scores to be included to the *Team competition* event results table. This competition consisted of 5 disciplines:

* *Equestrian*, held on August 27
* *Fencing*, held on August 28
* *Shooting*, held on August 29
* *Swimming*, held on August 30
* *Cross-country*, held on August 31

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual
 | András Balczó
Hungary | Boris Onishchenko
Soviet Union | Pavel Lednyov
Soviet Union |
| Team
 | Soviet Union (URS)
Boris Onishchenko
Pavel Lednyov
Vladimir Shmelyov | Hungary (HUN)
András Balczó
Zsigmond Villányi
Pál Bakó | Finland (FIN)
Risto Hurme
Veikko Salminen
Martti Ketelä |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Hungary (HUN) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## Participating nations

A total of 59 athletes from 20 nations competed at the Munich Games:

## InfoBox

| Men's modern pentathlon
at the Games of the XX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | August 27–31, 1972 |
| Competitors | 59 from 20 nations |
|


title: Ulverscroft

abstract: Ulverscroft is a civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire. It has a population of about 100. The population in 2011 is included in the civil parish of Newtown Linford. There is no village by the name, but there was previously an Ulverscroft Priory. There are some good examples of early Arts and Crafts movement architecture in and around Ulverscroft including Stoneywell by Ernest Gimson. Stoneywell, now a National Trust property, opened to the public in 2015.

text:
# Ulverscroft

**Ulverscroft** is a civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire. It has a population of about 100. The population in 2011 is included in the civil parish of Newtown Linford. There is no village by the name, but there was previously an Ulverscroft Priory.

There are some good examples of early Arts and Crafts movement architecture in and around Ulverscroft including Stoneywell by Ernest Gimson. Stoneywell, now a National Trust property, opened to the public in 2015.

Media related to Ulverscroft at Wikimedia Commons

52°42′14″N 1°16′01″W / 52.704°N 1.267°W / 52.704; -1.267


title: Umetsugu Inoue

abstract: Umetsugu Inoue was a Japanese film director and scriptwriter. He directed 115 movies, wrote 101 screenplays, and is credited with the original story for five films. In addition, he worked with all six major Japanese film production companies. His film work extended to Hong Kong, and he provided technical guidance for movies there from 1966 to 1970. He was married to the actress Yumeji Tsukioka from 1957 until his death.

text:
# Umetsugu Inoue

**Umetsugu Inoue** (井上 梅次, *Inoue Umetsugu*, May 31, 1923 – February 11, 2010) was a Japanese film director and scriptwriter. He directed 115 movies, wrote 101 screenplays, and is credited with the original story for five films. In addition, he worked with all six major Japanese film production companies.

His film work extended to Hong Kong, and he provided technical guidance for movies there from 1966 to 1970.

He was married to the actress Yumeji Tsukioka from 1957 until his death.

## Filmography

The filmography of Umetsugu Inoue includes the:

### Director

**Sources:**

### Screenplays

**Sources:**

## InfoBox

| Umetsugu Inoue | |
| --- | --- |
| 井上 梅次 | |
| Inoue (standing) with Yumeji Tsukioka | |
| Born | (1923-05-31)31 May 1923
Japan |
| Died | 11 February 2010(2010-02-11) (aged 86)
Japan |
| Occupation(s) | film director, screenwriter |
| Years active | 19521983 |


title: Umetsubo Station

abstract: Umetsubo Station is a junction railway station in the city of Toyota, Aichi, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

text:
# Umetsubo Station

**Umetsubo Station** (梅坪駅, *Umetsubo-eki*) is a junction railway station in the city of Toyota, Aichi, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

## Lines

Umetsubo Station is served by the Meitetsu Mikawa Line and is 18.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Chiryū Station. It is also the nominal terminus of the Meitetsu Toyota Line and is 15.2 kilometers from Akaike Station.

## Station layout

The station has a single elevated island platform with the station building located underneath. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is unattended.

### Platforms

| **1** | Mikawa Line | For Sanage |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Toyota Line | For Akaike, Fushimi, and Kami Otai |
| **2** | Toyota Line | Toyotashi, and Chiryū |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nagoya Railroad | | | | |
| Mikawa Line | | | | |
| Koshido | | - | Toyotashi | |
| Toyota Line | | | | |
| Toyotashi | | - | Kami Toyota | |

## Station history

Umetsubo Station was opened on October 26, 1923, as a station on the privately owned Mikawa Railway. The Mikawa Railway was merged with Meitetsu on June 1, 1941. On July 29, 1979, the Toyota Line began operations to this station. Umetsubo Station has been unattended since October 1, 2003.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 6424 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Umetsubo Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|
Umetsubo Station
梅坪駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Umetsubo Station in October 2010 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 7-125 Umetsubochō, Toyota-shi, Aichi-ken 471-0064
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°06′01″N 137°09′43″E / 35.1002°N 137.1620°E / 35.1002; 137.1620 |
| Operated by | Meitetsu |
| Line(s) |  |
| Distance | 18.4 kilometers from Chiryū |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Station code | MY08 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 26 October 1923 (1923-10-26) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2017 | 6424 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Umetsubo StationLocation within Aichi PrefectureUmetsubo StationUmetsubo Station (Japan) | |


title: Glaydah Namukasa

abstract: Glaydah Namukasa is a Ugandan writer and midwife. She is the author of two novels, Voice of a Dream and Deadly Ambition. She is a member of FEMRITE, the Ugandan Women Writer's Association, and is currently (2014) its Chairperson. She is one of the 39 African writers announced as part of the Africa39 project unveiled by Rainbow, Hay Festival and Bloomsbury Publishing at the London Book Fair 2014. It is a list of 39 of Sub-Saharan Africa's most promising writers under the age of 40.

text:
# Glaydah Namukasa

**Glaydah Namukasa** is a Ugandan writer and midwife. She is the author of two novels, *Voice of a Dream* and *Deadly Ambition*. She is a member of FEMRITE, the Ugandan Women Writer's Association, and is currently (2014) its Chairperson. She is one of the 39 African writers announced as part of the Africa39 project unveiled by Rainbow, Hay Festival and Bloomsbury Publishing at the London Book Fair 2014. It is a list of 39 of Sub-Saharan Africa's most promising writers under the age of 40.

## Early life and education

Glaydah was born in Entebbe, Uganda. Bereaved of her father as a child, she grew up in Entebbe with her mother, three sisters and two brothers. She studied in Nkumba Primary School, then Entebbe Secondary School. She graduated as a midwife in June 2000 at Kabale Nursing School. Currently, she is working with Wakiso District. She joined the Uganda Female Writers Association, FEMRITE in 2002. Later she joined the British Council Crossing Borders creative writing scheme.

She started her writing career by telling stories to fellow students at Nkumba Primary and Entebbe Secondary School. She used to ask herself why she could not write the stories instead. She would use exercise books to record her stories and later request friends to read through the work. One of her enthusiastic friends, Andrew Byogi, who read them over and over again, recommended her to FEMRITE, where she became an activist and active writer.

## Writing

Glaydah's young adult novel, *Voice of a Dream*, won the 2005/2006 Macmillan Writers Prize for Africa-Senior Prize She was awarded the 2006 Michael and Marylee Fairbanks International Fellowship to attend the Breadloaf Writers' Conference in Ripton, Vermont, USA. Her second novel, *Deadly Ambition*, was published in 2006 as part of the Crossing Borders project. In fall 2008 she was awarded the title of Honorary Fellow by the International Writers Program (IWP), University of Iowa, USA. She has also been a visiting writer in residence at City of Asylum Pittsburgh and Ledig House International writers' residence, Hudson, New York, where she began drafting her second novel. As a participant on Friends of Writing, she is working on her novel *Crossing the Bramble Field* with mentor Angela Barry. In 2012, her story "My New Home" was part of a project that featured African women on indigenous writing. Her short stories have been published in anthologies in Uganda, South Africa, Sweden and the UK, including in *New Daughters of Africa* (2019), edited by Margaret Busby. Namukasa has written three books for children, all published under the Pan African, Macmillan imprint.

## Published works

### Novels

* *Voice of a Dream*. Macmillan Education. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4050-9592-1.
* *The Deadly Ambition*. Mallory International Limited (Verlag). 2006. ISBN 978-1-85657-103-6.

### Short stories

### Poems

* "Yet Hope Survives", *Sable Magazine*, UK (shortlisted for the Ken Sarowiwa Legacy) 2004
* "That Place", FEMRITE *Word Write Journal*, 2004, republished in Poetry Poster Project, 2008

## InfoBox

| Glaydah Namukasa | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Glaydah Namukasa<br>Entebbe, Uganda |
| Occupation | Midwife, writer |
| Nationality | Ugandan |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Notable works | *Deadly Ambition*; *Voice of a Dream* |


title: Glayde Whitney

abstract: Glayde D. Whitney was an American behavioral geneticist and psychologist. He was professor at Florida State University. Beyond his work into the genetics of sensory system function in mice, in his later life he supported David Duke as well as research into race and intelligence and eugenics.

text:
# Glayde Whitney

**Glayde D. Whitney** (1939 – 8 January 2002) was an American behavioral geneticist and psychologist. He was professor at Florida State University. Beyond his work into the genetics of sensory system function in mice, in his later life he supported David Duke as well as research into race and intelligence and eugenics.

## Biography

Whitney was born in Montana and grew up in Minnesota. He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota, as well as his doctorate from there in 1966. He then enlisted in the United States Air Force and served until 1969. He subsequently worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics (University of Colorado at Boulder), under Gerald McClearn and John C. DeFries.

In 1970, Whitney was hired by Florida State University to represent behavioral genetics in the psychobiology program, where he stayed until his death at the age of 62 on January 8, 2002, after contracting a severe cold that aggravated emphysema. He considered himself to be a "Hubert Humphrey liberal."

## Academic work

Whitney was the author of over 60 papers on the genetics of taste sensitivity in inbred mice. Support for some of this work came from a Claude Pepper Award for Research Excellence from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and in 1994 he received the Manheimer Lectureship Award from the Monell Chemical Senses Center, which recognizes career achievements of individuals in the chemosensory sciences. He was the president of the Behavior Genetics Association from 1994 to 1995.

By 1999, Whitney had shifted from studying mice to researching race and intelligence in humans. As part of this research, Whitney was supported by the Pioneer Fund, which has ties to scientific racism.

## Political views

Whitney was a frequent contributor to magazines such as *Mankind Quarterly*, *The g Factor Newsletter*, and *The William McDougall Newsletter* (named after eugenicist psychologist William McDougall). While outgoing president of the Behavior Genetics Association in 1995, some members of this group demanded his resignation after his presidential address suggested the need to investigate the possibility of genetic factors behind the high incidence of black crime in America.

Whitney wrote the foreword for *My Awakening* (1998), an autobiography by David Duke, a white nationalist politician and former National Director of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. In the book, Duke uses scientific racism to push for the re-segregation of schools. Whitney did not specifically endorse Duke's re-segregation plan, but described Duke as "a Moses-like prophet". Whitney compared Duke to Socrates, Galileo, and Newton and said the NAACP and other "front organisations" had been created to further Jewish interests.

Whitney said in a 1999 interview that the controversy distracted from what was meant to be a scientific discussion, saying "races are different for many genetic systems that influence everything from behavior and psychology to physiology, medicine and sports \[...\] Screaming nasty words does not change the reality." Following the publication of the book, faculty and students of FSU condemned Whitney's comments, with some calling for his resignation. The school rejected Whitney's position, but defended his right to teach as a matter of academic freedom. Whitney's views regarding race and intelligence prompted the Florida Senate to pass Resolution 2742 in 1999, "condemning the racism and bigotry espoused by Florida State University Professor Glayde Whitney."

Whitney acknowledged the scientific achievements of Jews, but accused "organized Jewry" of playing a prominent role in suppressing race behavioral genetics in response to racism directed toward them, resulting in a "dishonest and hypocritical version of egalitarianism."

Whitney was a member of the Institute for Historical Review, an organization promoting Holocaust revisionism, making a case that Jews invented the Holocaust for their own benefit.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Glayde Whitney | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1939
Montana, United States |
| Died | January 8, 2002 (aged 6263)
Tallahassee, Florida, United States |
| Alma mater | University of Minnesota |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Behavior genetics |
| Institutions | Florida State University |
|  | |


title: Moere language

abstract: Moere is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Moere language

**Moere** is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| Moere | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Madang Province |
| Native speakers | 50 (2000) |
| Language family | Trans–New Guinea? |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `mvq` |
| *Glottolog* | `moer1240` |
| ELP | Moere |


title: Modeste, Haiti

abstract: Modeste is a village in the Cornillon commune in the Croix-des-Bouquets Arrondissement in the Ouest department of Haiti.

text:
# Modeste, Haiti

**Modeste** is a village in the Cornillon commune in the Croix-des-Bouquets Arrondissement in the Ouest department of Haiti.

* Cornillon, for a list of other settlements in the commune.

## InfoBox

| Modeste | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ModesteLocation in Haiti | |
| Coordinates: 18°40′54″N 71°58′57″W / 18.6816379°N 71.9824873°W / 18.6816379; -71.9824873 | |
| Country | Haiti |
| Department | Ouest |
| Arrondissement | Croix-des-Bouquets |
| Elevation | 795 m (2,608 ft) |


title: Modeste Dah

abstract: Modeste Dah is an Upper Volta football defender who played for Upper Volta in the 1978 African Cup of Nations. He also played for Rail Club du Kadiogo

text:
# Modeste Dah

**Modeste Dah** is an Upper Volta football defender who played for Upper Volta in the 1978 African Cup of Nations. He also played for Rail Club du Kadiogo

## InfoBox

Modeste Dah
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1953-05-13) 13 May 1953 | | |
| Place of birth | Upper Volta | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Rail Club du Kadiogo |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1975–1978 | Upper Volta | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Mittineague Park

abstract: Mittineague Park is an approximately 325-acre (1.32 km⁲) urban park located in the southern section of the town of West Springfield, Massachusetts. Mittineague derives from the Natick words "muttinohkou" and "ohke" which translate to "land on the right". The park contains a wide range of services typical of a park of this type, including many baseball/softball diamonds, and trails for hiking or cross-country skiing. It has a large pavilion, and a building that is used as a summer camp for children with special needs. Special events are scheduled at the park, including events for children. It contains a greenhouse and a community garden. There is an interpretive trail created by the "Friends of Mittineague Park". Native peoples were active in the area up until 400 years ago. The southwestern part of West Springfield is still called Tatham, a name derived from the Agawam name for the brook. The Westfield River, which runs at the outermost perimeter and most of the park's terrain was created by glaciers as they retreated 15–20,000 years ago. Mittineague Park is home to wildlife such as hawks, beavers, frogs, foxes, fisher martens, and deer. The deer are most active during the winter season, and are found grazing year round in the meadows which were once part of a farm.

text:
# Mittineague Park

42°6′3″N 72°39′10″W / 42.10083°N 72.65278°W / 42.10083; -72.65278

**Mittineague Park** is an approximately 325-acre (1.32 km2) urban park located in the southern section of the town of West Springfield, Massachusetts (In neighborhoods, Tatham and Mittineague). Mittineague derives from the Natick words "muttinohkou" and "ohke" which translate to "land on the right". The park contains a wide range of services typical of a park of this type, including many baseball/softball diamonds, and trails for hiking or cross-country skiing. It has a large pavilion, and a building that is used as a summer camp for children with special needs. Special events are scheduled at the park, including events for children. It contains a greenhouse and a community garden. There is an interpretive trail created by the "Friends of Mittineague Park".

Native peoples were active in the area up until 400 years ago. The southwestern part of West Springfield is still called *Tatham*, a name derived from the Agawam name for the brook ("tattam" = someone encloses; "tattaum" = someone shakes; "taphum" = someone buys it; all in Trumbull, Natick Dictionary, Natick being closest recorded glossary according to Dr. Ives Goddard, "The Loup Languages of Western Massachusetts: Dialectical Diversity in Southern New England, Algonquian Conference 2016). The Westfield River, which runs at the outermost perimeter and most of the park's terrain was created by glaciers (the Hitchcock glacial lake/Laurentide ice sheet) as they retreated 15–20,000 years ago.

Mittineague Park is home to wildlife such as hawks, beavers, frogs, foxes, fisher martens (a.k.a. Fisher Cats), and deer. The deer are most active during the winter season, and are found grazing year round in the meadows which were once part of a farm.


title: Mittlach

abstract: Mittlach is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

text:
# Mittlach

**Mittlach** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Mittlach | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall of Mittlach | |
|  | |
| Location of Mittlach | |
| MittlachMittlach | |
| Coordinates: 48°00′18″N 7°01′53″E / 48.005°N 7.0314°E / 48.005; 7.0314 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Haut-Rhin |
| Arrondissement | Colmar-Ribeauvillé |
| Canton | Wintzenheim |
| Intercommunality | Vallée de Munster |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Bernard Zinglé |
| Area**1** | 11.39 km2 (4.40 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 336 |
| Density | 29/km2 (76/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 68210 /68380 |
| Elevation | 515–1,320 m (1,690–4,331 ft)
(avg. 530 m or 1,740 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Międzylesie, Oborniki County

abstract: Międzylesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogoźno, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Rogoźno, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Oborniki, and 37 km (23 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Międzylesie, Oborniki County

**Międzylesie** \[mjɛnd͡zɨˈlɛɕɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogoźno, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Rogoźno, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Oborniki, and 37 km (23 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

## History

As part of the Kingdom of Poland, the village was owned by the nearby town of Rogoźno. It was administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown.

During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the Germans murdered six Poles in the village (see *Nazi crimes against the Polish nation*).

## InfoBox

| Międzylesie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Międzylesie | |
| Coordinates: 52°43′25″N 17°0′29″E / 52.72361°N 17.00806°E / 52.72361; 17.00806 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Oborniki |
| Gmina | Rogoźno |
| Population | 122 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | POB |


title: Giuseppe Alberti

abstract: Giuseppe Alberti was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born at Cavalese, in what was then Austrian Tyrol. After having studied medicine at Padua he decided to become a painter and architect. He worked under Pietro Liberi in Venice, then in Rome, and finally settled at Trieste. Alberti died at Cavalese.

text:
# Giuseppe Alberti

**Giuseppe Alberti** (3 October 1664  3 February 1716) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born at Cavalese, in what was then Austrian Tyrol. After having studied medicine at Padua he decided to become a painter and architect. He worked under Pietro Liberi in Venice, then in Rome, and finally settled at Trieste. Alberti died at Cavalese.

## Biography

Born in Tesero, according to other sources in Cavalese, on 3 October 1640, he was destined to an ecclesiastical career as was typical of large families of that time. He soon demonstrated artistic skills that he cultivated as an autodidact in the local area, signing, in 1661, an altarpiece destined for a chapel near Montagnaga di Pinè.

From 1664 to 1667 he took courses in medicine and law at the University of Padua, that he soon dropped in order to devote himself entirely to art. Trained on the works of late sixteenth-century Venetian painters, Alberti had the opportunity to enrich his artistic education by assimilating the colored heritage of Titian. It helped him to find his own stylistic maturity. He started gradually deviating from the extreme Venetian traditions towards the manner of Marco Liberi. He was in contact with him during his stay in Venice (1668–73), which followed the one dedicated to his studies at the University of Padua (1664–67), but for the color he followed rather the naturalists, such as Bassetti and Mola.

Back in Trento, he created a series of works including *The San Vigilio altarpiece* (signed and dated 1673) and *The Blessed Simonino altarpiece* (1677), commissioned by Prince Alberti Poia and currently on display at the Buonconsiglio Castel. From that moment onwards, the Prince Bishop became Giuseppe Alberti's main patron, for both artistic and architectural works.

Alberti had an opportunity to visit Rome, where he could study the most important monuments of the time. As Prince Bishop commissioned to design the Chapel of the Crucifix in the Cathedral of Trento, in 1682 the artist abandoned Rome and returned home.

In 1688 he started working on the frescoes *The Triumph of the Faith* and *Minerva who Chased the Vices to Hell* in the two rooms on the first floor of the new Giunta Albertiana, built to connect the Palazzo Magno to Castelvecchio. Both allegorical paintings, in which Alberti seeks spectacular effects described as “looking from beneath”, follow the similar cycles frescoed by him in Palazzo Leoni Montanari in Vicenza.

1689, the year of the death of Prince Bishop Alberti, marked the beginning of the artistic crisis of Giuseppe Alberti who, deprived of the support of his patron, retired to Cavalese, in the Val di Fiemme. In the 90s he performed numerous paintings. Though, in these works it became difficult to distinguish part executed by his hand from the contributions of his apprentices. In this last stage of his artistic activity, Alberti is undoubtedly credited for having laid the foundations for the birth of the so-called "scuola fiemmesa" (the Fiemme Valley school of art).

Giuseppe Alberti died in Cavalese on 3 February 1716.

1. "Giuseppe Alberti". *Castello del Buonconsiglio*. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
2. Fiocco, Giuseppe. "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 1 (1960)". *Treccani*. Retrieved 25 February 2018.


title: Giuseppe Aldrovandini

abstract: Giuseppe Antonio Vincenzo Aldrovandini was an Italian Baroque composer. Aldovrandini was born and died in Bologna. He is credited with writing over twenty operas and oratorios, including the 1696 opera Dafni, as well as many other instrumental compositions and arias. His other operas include L'Incoronazione di Dario, La Semiramide, Cesare in Alessandria and others. Aldrovandini composed a Magnificat in C major and a Sonata in C major.

text:
# Giuseppe Aldrovandini

**Giuseppe Antonio Vincenzo Aldrovandini** (also Gioseffo, Giuseppe Maria, Aldovrandini, Aldrovandin, Aldrovandon, Altrobrandino, 8 June 1671 – 9 February 1707) was an Italian Baroque composer.

Aldovrandini was born and died in Bologna. He is credited with writing over twenty operas and oratorios, including the 1696 opera *Dafni*, as well as many other instrumental compositions and arias. His other operas include L'Incoronazione di Dario, La Semiramide, Cesare in Alessandria and others. Aldrovandini composed a Magnificat in C major and a Sonata in C major.


title: Mohamed Faraj Al-Kaabi

abstract: Mohamed Faraj Al-Kaabi is a male hammer thrower from Qatar. His personal best throw is 70.87 metres, achieved in April 2003 in Doha. This is the Qatari record.

text:
# Mohamed Faraj Al-Kaabi

**Mohamed Faraj Al-Kaabi** (born 31 December 1984 in Qatar) is a male hammer thrower from Qatar. His personal best throw is 70.87 metres, achieved in April 2003 in Doha. This is the Qatari record.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Qatar | | | | | |
| 2001 | World Youth Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 4th | Hammer throw (5 kg) | 75.75 |
| | Asian Junior Championships | Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei | 10th | Hammer throw | 53.92 m |
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 6th | Hammer (6 kg) | 71.22 m |
| | Asian Championships | Colombo, Sri Lanka | 7th | Hammer throw | 62.37 m |
| | Asian Junior Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 3rd | Hammer throw (6 kg) | 70.32 m |
| 2005 | West Asian Games | Doha, Qatar | 3rd | Hammer throw | 63.27 m |
| 2006 | Asian Games | Doha, Qatar | 5th | Hammer throw | 67.56 m |
| 2007 | Asian Championships | Amman, Jordan | 5th | Hammer throw | 64.06 m |
| | Pan Arab Games | Cairo, Egypt | 5th | Hammer throw | 65.81 m |
| 2009 | Asian Championships | Guangzhou, China | 6th | Hammer throw | 67.09 m |
| 2010 | Asian Games | Guangzhou, China | 7th | Hammer throw | 67.02 m |


title: Glaphyria sesquistrialis

abstract: Glaphyria sesquistrialis, the white-roped glaphyria moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in Honduras and North America, where it has been recorded from Ontario to Florida and from Illinois to Texas. The larvae feed on Quercus virginiana.

text:
# Glaphyria sesquistrialis

***Glaphyria sesquistrialis***, the **white-roped glaphyria moth**, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in Honduras and North America, where it has been recorded from Ontario to Florida and from Illinois to Texas.

The larvae feed on *Quercus virginiana*.

## InfoBox

| *Glaphyria sesquistrialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Glaphyria* |
| Species: | ***G. sesquistrialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glaphyria sesquistrialis***<br>Hübner, 1823 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Glaphyria sequistrialis* | |


title: Glenroy Specialist School

abstract: Glenroy Specialist School (GSS) provides education for students with physical disabilities from prep to year 12 in the northern region of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

text:
# Glenroy Specialist School

**Glenroy Specialist School** (GSS) provides education for students with physical disabilities from prep to year 12 in the northern region of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

## History

GSS was officially opened on 17 February 1976 in Box Forest Road Glenroy. The school was purpose built on ten acres of land, with three acres being under roof. The building consists of 22 classrooms, two gymnasiums, swimming pool, a large hall, and several areas catering for the physical therapy of the students. During 2011 work started on a new building to house GSS after the student population outgrew the Box Forest site, which had developed significant structural issues. The new school building opened January 2013, and is located on Hilton Street, Glenroy.

## School structure

The school is divided into separate sub-schools: junior, middle and senior.

### Junior school

Junior school is made up of Red and Yellow Sections and accommodates students up to the age of approximately eight.

### Middle school

Once students leave the junior sub-school they go to middle school, which is made up of Light Green and Blue sections.

### Senior school

Senior school includes classes for transition, sensory students and also students studying the Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) certificate, and students preparing to enter the VCAL class.

### VCAL

Students aged from 16 to 18 are able to participate in a VCAL program, a hands-on educational certificate for students in years 11 and 12. It allows students to practise personal skills and develop work related skills.

Students complete projects of their choice. Past projects have included Tuck Shops, Pyjama days, performances and a variety of stalls. The VCAL program was introduced at GSS in 2005 when the school won the "Student Team Achievement Award".

## Health services

Yooralla provides students at GSS with physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech pathology. Therapists work with teachers to support students access to their learning.

### Physiotherapy

The physiotherapists help to encourage independence. They provide strength and fitness training modified to suit individual needs and disabilities. Apparatus such as standing frames, splints and arm wraps are used to build bone and muscle strength and stretch muscles. Physiotherapists assist in providing assistive equipment such as wheelchairs, crutches and walking frames.

### Occupational therapy

The occupational therapists assist students in using equipment to gain independence. Some of the equipment used include: hand splints, ankle foot orthotics, mealtime equipment, modified writing equipment, class chairs, hoists, computer access equipment, hand grips, switches, personal care items, scooters, bikes and wheelchairs.

### Speech pathology

Speech pathologists assist students to eat and drink safely, effectively and independently and also train other staff to assist students. Speech pathologists also help students with their speech articulation, literacy and grammar.

Speech pathologists assist students to communicate using equipment such as: communication books, tablets, communication devices, signing, picture communication symbols and switches.

## InfoBox

| Glenroy Specialist School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Glenroy
Melbourne, Victoria, 3046
Australia | |
| Coordinates | 37°42′8.89″S 144°57′20.25″E / 37.7024694°S 144.9556250°E / -37.7024694; 144.9556250 |
| Information | |
| School type | Government disability specialist school |
| Established | 17 February 1976 (1976-02-17) |
| Status | Open |
| Authority | Victorian Department of Education and Training |
| Principal | Allan Waterson |
| Faculty | 83.1 (on an FTE basis) |
| Teaching staff | 32.6 (on an FTE basis) |
| Age | 5 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 135 (2020) |
| Slogan | Working Together to Achieve |
| Accreditation | Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning |
| Communities served | North and west Melbourne metropolitan region |
| Website | www.glenroyss.vic.edu.au |


title: Giuseppe Gambarini

abstract: Giuseppe Gambarini was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active mainly in Bologna. He was a pupil of the painters Lorenzo Pasinelli and Cesare Gennari. He also painted frescoes in the Palazzo Buonaccorsi in Macerata. He is also called Gioseffo Gambarini. One of his pupils was Stefano Gherardini A 20th-century landscape artist has the same name.

text:
# Giuseppe Gambarini

**Giuseppe Gambarini** (1680  11 September 1725) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active mainly in Bologna. He was a pupil of the painters Lorenzo Pasinelli and Cesare Gennari. He also painted frescoes in the Palazzo Buonaccorsi in Macerata. He is also called *Gioseffo Gambarini*. One of his pupils was Stefano Gherardini

A 20th-century landscape artist has the same name.

* Farquhar, Maria (1855). Ralph Nicholson Wornum (ed.). *Biographical catalogue of the principal Italian painters*. London: Woodfall & Kinder. p. 68.

1. Lanzi, Luigi (1847). Thomas Roscoe (translator) (ed.). *History of Painting in Italy;From the Period of the Revival of the Fine Arts to the End of the Eighteenth Century*. Vol. III. Henry G. Bohn, Covent Garden, London; Original from Oxford University Digitized Jan 31, 2007. `{{cite book}}`: `|editor=` has generic name (help)


title: Olaf Christiansen

abstract: Olaf C. Christiansen was an American composer, professor, and conductor in the Lutheran choral tradition. He succeeded his father as the second conductor of the St. Olaf Choir, which he led for 27 years.

text:
# Olaf Christiansen

**Olaf C. Christiansen** (August 12, 1901 – April 12, 1984) was an American composer, professor, and conductor in the Lutheran choral tradition. He succeeded his father as the second conductor of the St. Olaf Choir, which he led for 27 years.

## Background

The second son of famed choral conductor F. Melius Christiansen, Christiansen grew up in Northfield, Minnesota where he was actively engaged in both athletics and music. He played in high school with the St. Olaf Band. After a brief sabbatical, he began studying music seriously at St. Olaf College in 1921. During college, he sang with, and occasionally conducted, the St. Olaf Choir before graduating in 1925. Upon graduation, Christiansen briefly studied opera in New York City with baritone Paul Parks.

## Career

Christiansen began teaching music at the Oberlin Conservatory in Oberlin, OH, where he founded the Oberlin A Cappella Choir in 1929. After obtaining a master of sacred music degree from Union Theological Seminary in 1940, he returned to his alma mater in 1941 to co-conduct the St. Olaf Choir with his father. Upon his father's retirement in 1943, he became the full time conductor of the St. Olaf Choir, a position he held until 1968

During his career, Christiansen spread the Lutheran choral tradition across the nation. In addition to domestic and international tours with the St. Olaf Choir, he co-founded the Christiansen Choral School with his father, which was attended by more than 7,000 American music directors. He was a frequent guest conductor at music festivals and clinics. He also composed and arranged sacred choir works.

Christiansen died in 1984 from bone cancer.

## InfoBox

| Olaf C. Christiansen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Olaf C. Christiansen |
| Born | (1901-08-12)August 12, 1901
Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Died | April 12, 1984(1984-04-12) (aged 83)
Northfield, Minnesota |
| Genres | Choral Music |
| Occupation(s) | Composer
Conductor |
| Formerly of | St. Olaf Choir |


title: Wainman's Pinnacle

abstract: Wainman's Pinnacle, originally built as a folly, is a stone obelisk in Sutton-in-Craven, North Yorkshire. It tends to be referred to as ‘Cowling Pinnacle’ or 'The Salt Pot' and could also be seen as being a part of the village of Cowling. It has been a grade II listed building in the National Heritage List for England since 23 October 1984. Wainman’s Pinnacle is situated upon Earl Crag and is often associated with Lund’s Tower as they are both locally known as the Salt and Pepper Pots.

text:
# Wainman's Pinnacle

**Wainman's Pinnacle**, originally built as a folly (and still used as a folly), is a stone obelisk in Sutton-in-Craven, North Yorkshire. It tends to be referred to as ‘Cowling Pinnacle’ or 'The Salt Pot' and could also be seen as being a part of the village of Cowling. It has been a grade II listed building in the National Heritage List for England since 23 October 1984. Wainman’s Pinnacle is situated upon Earl Crag and is often associated with Lund’s Tower as they are both locally known as the Salt and Pepper Pots.

## History

Wainman’s Pinnacle was built in 1898 as a memorial to the Napoleonic Wars by a man known as Wainman, and is thought to have been designed by R. B. Broster & Sons. It was rebuilt in 1900 by locals following a lightning strike.

## InfoBox

| Wainman’s Pinnacle | |
| --- | --- |
| Cowling Pinnacle The Salt Pot | |
| Wainman’s Pinnacle | |
| Nearest city | Bradford |
| Coordinates | 53°52′56″N 2°01′28″W / 53.882269°N 2.024465°W / 53.882269; -2.024465 |
| Built | 1898 |
| Original use | Folly |
| Rebuilt | 1900 |
| Current use | Folly |
| Architect | Probably R. B. Broster & Sons |
|  | |
| Location of Wainman’s Pinnacle in North Yorkshire | |


title: Perth House

abstract: Perth House is a heritage-listed former residence and school for girls at 85 George Street, Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by James Houison and built in 1841. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

text:
# Perth House

**Perth House** is a heritage-listed former residence and school for girls at 85 George Street, Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by James Houison and built in 1841. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

Perth House, stables and carriageway were built in 1841 by James Houison for George Oakes, a landholder of the Parramatta district and member of the Parliament of New South Wales. The architect of the house was James Houison, who designed many houses in Parramatta. The original cottage garden around the house, stables and carriage way was likely to have been planted between 1844 and 1846, including the Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla) which survives today.

A photo in 1880 shows Perth House was used as a girls' school at that time.

The building was for sale in September 2016, advertised as being suitable for uses including hospitality, professional services and childcare.

## Description

Perth House is a single-storey Colonial/Victorian Georgian residence with a hipped roof to a central block with encircling verandahs. Constructed of coursed and dressed sandstone blocks with quoins 2 courses deep. The spacing of the Doric moulded square timber verandah pots is unusual. The verandah is paved with stone. Small paned sash windows and a 6 panelled door with fanlight. Generous grounds and plantings. Cedar joinery. Two storied stone out-building at the rear. Archaeological Site: AZP Cross Reference: PC 71

To the west of the house and north of the stables near the footpath on George Street is a large mature Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla), thought to date from c. 1844-6, in the time of Oakes. This tree is most probably a remnant of the original cottage garden of Perth House.

West of the house is the carriageway, leading to the stone out-building (former stables) behind (south of) the house.

The property was in good physical condition as at 27 October 2006.

## Heritage listing

Perth House and Stables is of State significance as it demonstrates c. 1850 aspirations with regard to taste and lifestyle on a domestic level. It demonstrates a high degree of creative excellence and is a fine example of medium sized domestic architecture. It has strong associations with important figures such as George Oakes and James Houison.

Perth House and Stables was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.**

Perth House and Stables reflects the changing circumstance of Parramatta through the gradual attrition of the land holding. The relatively small accommodation of the house caused its occasional enlargement to the south, firstly by enclosure of the south west verandah area. Division into flats and offices in the 20th century reflected the increasing commercialisation of central Parramatta, with key residential areas on its fringe.

**The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.**

Perth House was apparently built for pastoralist George Oakes, son of a former missionary, who became first Member of the Legislative Assembly for Parramatta as well as a lengthy involvement in local municipal politics. Perth House is also associated with James Houison, who arrived in the colony as a steerage passenger, quickly established himself as an astute builder and urban land speculator and later became known as an architect/builder of recognised talent as well as an important figure in municipal politics.

The site has further significance due to its association with the Superintendent of Government Buildings at Parramatta who resided on the site - adjacent to the lumber yard - at an earlier date.

**The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.**

This item is aesthetically significant.

**The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.**

This item is technically or scientifically significant.

**The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.**

Perth House and Stables has a considerable degree of unity in its materials, form and scale and is a rare reminder of the harmonious and generally low scale architectural character once in Parramatta.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.**

Perth House and Stables is an important and typical example of a c. 1850 house designed by the fashionable Parramatta architect of the day, James Houison.

### Bibliography

* Adoranti, Kylie (2016). *'Plans bring luxiry 'to the people: 4.5-star hotel's bars and cafes to be open to all'*.
* Bairstow, Damaris (1989). *Perth House : historical archaeology : report*.
* Gerloff, Olga (2010). *Landmark is 165 years old (about the Moreton Bay fig tree on George Street)*.
* Howard Tanner and Associates Pty. Ltd. and Kate Blackmore. (1988). *Perth House Conservation Plan*.
* Walker, Meredith (1993). *City of Parramatta Heritage Study*.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Perth House and Stables, entry number 00155 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 1 June 2018.

## InfoBox

| Perth House | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 85 George Street, Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°48′54″S 151°00′28″E / 33.8150°S 151.0077°E / -33.8150; 151.0077 |
| Built | 1841 |
| Architect | James Houison |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Perth House and Stables |
| Type | state heritage (complex / group) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 155 |
| Type | House |
| Category | Residential buildings (private) |
| Builders | James Houison |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Perth House in Sydney | |


title: L. E. Rader

abstract: Lewis Emerson Rader, Sr. was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives. In 1910, Rader was starved to death after a 29-day fast under the advice of the quack doctor Linda Burfield Hazzard for treatment of a stomach issue.

text:
# L. E. Rader

**Lewis Emerson Rader, Sr.** (March 16, 1864  May 11, 1910) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives. In 1910, Rader was starved to death after a 29-day fast under the advice of the quack doctor Linda Burfield Hazzard for treatment of a stomach issue.

## InfoBox

| L. E. Rader | |
| --- | --- |
| Rader in 1895 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Washington House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
18951897 (37th district)
18971899 (30th district) | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1864-03-16)March 16, 1864
Hazel Dell, Illinois, United States |
| Died | May 11, 1910(1910-05-11) (aged 46)
Seattle, Washington, United States |
| Political party | Populist |
|  | |


title: Virginia Literacy Foundation

abstract: The Virginia Literacy Foundation (VLF), is an organization whose mission is to reduce adult illiteracy in Virginia by providing funding and technical support to private, volunteer adult literacy organizations that teach low level literacy adults to read and write with one-on-one instruction and tutoring. The VLF was founded by Jeannie Baliles, Virginia's First Lady from 1986 to 1990, and founding director Mark Emblidge, and was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) organization in 1987. The VLF supports grass roots organizations via challenge grants, direct consultation, and program development training with public partners like The Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center. The VLF also works in partnership with public institutions, corporations, and private literacy organizations in Virginia to address adult illiteracy in the workplace and to provide family literacy training to teachers and parents. The VLF is governed by the founding executive director, Mark E. Emblidge, and a board of directors chaired by Jeannie Baliles.

text:
# Virginia Literacy Foundation

The **Virginia Literacy Foundation** (VLF), is an organization whose mission is to reduce adult illiteracy in Virginia by providing funding and technical support to private, volunteer adult literacy organizations that teach low level literacy adults to read and write with one-on-one instruction and tutoring. The VLF was founded by Jeannie Baliles, Virginia's First Lady from 1986 to 1990, and founding director Mark Emblidge, and was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) organization in 1987. The VLF supports grass roots organizations via challenge grants, direct consultation, and program development training with public partners like The Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center. The VLF also works in partnership with public institutions, corporations, and private literacy organizations in Virginia to address adult illiteracy in the workplace and to provide family literacy training to teachers and parents. The VLF is governed by the founding executive director, Mark E. Emblidge, and a board of directors chaired by Jeannie Baliles.

## Reducing Illiteracy in Virginia

### Adults

Despite a 25-year effort by the VLF and the organizations it supports to teach literacy skills to adults, Virginia still has 853,786 adults who never completed high school (2006 US Census American Community Survey). One out of five adults is considered functionally illiterate, and 662,715 lack basic prose literacy skills. These adults learn to read and write best through the customized one-on-one tutoring provided by the private community-based literacy organizations that the VLF supports through grants and training. The VLF's mission also supports developing workforce skills, at first through the Workforce Improvement Network in partnership with James Madison University, and with PluggedIn Virginia through its partnership with The Literacy Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University. In 2001, 34.1% of job applicants lacked the literacy skills needed to do the job they sought. Functionally illiterate adults have a profound impact on Virginia’s economy. Regions where adult illiteracy rates soar above 25-30% are unable to attract and retain businesses. Coincidentally, these regions also have the highest poverty rates in Virginia. Plugged In, which relies heavily on local business and community support is designed to help adults acquire literacy and workforce skills as they work towards a GED credential or community college credits.

### Children

Knowing that children are 5 times more likely to drop out of high school if their parents are unemployed and lack a high school diploma, thereby perpetuating the cycle of intergenerational illiteracy, the VLF has concentrated its efforts on family literacy and working with parents, starting with Toyota Family Literacy Grants in the 1990s. ExCELL (Excellence in Children's Early Language and Literacy), one of the VLF's projects that resulted from a 2008 community partnership in Richmond's northside, helps pre-K children to get ready to learn to read through the development of early language and literacy skills.

## In support of Virginia's adult literacy organizations

### Grant giving

Since it was established, the Foundation has funded grass roots literacy programs that have helped 200,000 adult Virginians learn to read. When the VLF was started, the organization supported 34 community- and faith-based literacy organizations across Virginia who served a total of 1,400 adults. In 2008, the number of adult students served per year by VLF supported organizations has jumped to 14,000 adult learners. The VLF has disbursed over $3.4 million in challenge grants since 1987 to fund data collections systems, program expansion and improvement, operating costs, staff salaries, and the purchase of equipment and supplies. The VLF has collaborated with important public/private partners such as the Virginia Department of Education and the Verizon Foundation, who have consistently awarded funds to help the VLF achieve its mission.

### Training and Workshops

In addition to the grants, the VLF provides technical support and advice and direct assistance with tutor training, board development, and strategic planning through its public partner, the Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center (VALRC). With a yearly grant budget of $200,000, the VLF funds from 26-32 non-profit adult literacy organizations per year. In order to qualify for VLF funds and workshops through the VALRC, these organizations must serve a minimum of 30 clients per year within their communities, follow promising practices in non-profit management, and demonstrate a willingness to strengthen and improve their programs through active collaborations and partnerships with community groups.

### Annual Conference

Each year, the VLF has sponsored an annual 2-day conference for all literacy programs in Virginia, including those that are too small to qualify for VLF grants. This conference, held in Richmond, provides workshops in program management, tutor training, EL/Civics, and learning disabilities and basic literacy teaching techniques.

## Public/private partnerships

The VLF's public/private partnerships have increased the organization's ability to address illiteracy in Virginia. While the VLF's mission primarily addressed the adult learner, the organization recognizes that the parent is the child's first teacher and that illiteracy must be addressed across an individual's lifespan from pre-K to adulthood. By partnering with other agencies with similar missions, the VLF has been able to work with a larger number of individuals through partner programs and their staff.

### The Virginia Literacy Initiative

The initiative, which brought the public and private sectors together, was one of the first public-private partnerships of its kind in the nation. Founded in 1987 by the VLF and the Virginia Council for Adult Education and Literacy, the partnership increased the number of Virginians participating in literacy instruction from 24,309 in 1987 to over 55,000 in 1992.

### The Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center

The VLF also partnered with the Centers for Professional Development (now the Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center (VALRC) at Virginia Commonwealth University and the Virginia Office of Adult Education at the Virginia Department of Education to establish the Literacy Training Office. Training consisted of free professional development and program development workshops and technical assistance training for private volunteer groups. In 2000, four literacy support coordinators representing four regions in Virginia, offered regional technical advice and support to over eighty non-profit literacy organizations through the Literacy Support Center, a unique collaborative public/private project that helped to strengthen literacy programs through training and mentoring. These four positions were consolidated into one, and today a literacy specialist, who works with both the VLF and the VALRC, ensures that training and technical services for nonprofit organizations are coordinated.

### Regional Literacy Coordinating Committees

The VLF, along with the Office of Adult Education and Literacy at the Virginia Department of Education (OAEL VADOE), was also instrumental in organizing and facilitating cooperation among the many private and public adult literacy agencies and social services through fourteen Regional Literacy Coordinating Committees, which served the state through 2017, after the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WiOA) was passed and local public adult education and literacy programs were combined into 22 regions to meet the act's requirements for a one-stop delivery system.

### The Literacy Institute

In 2002, the VLF partnered with Virginia Commonwealth University’s School of Education and Center for Public Policy to form The Literacy Institute. The Institute ensures that Virginia’s public policy makers are kept aware of the problem of illiteracy in the Commonwealth and to directly combat that problem through research and development projects.

## Promoting literacy across the lifespan

In the early 1990s, the VLF received a Toyota Family Literacy Grant, which allowed the organization to partner with Richmond Public Schools, Richmond Public Libraries, the Department of Social Services and other public entities in order to provide family literacy services for at-risk families. Since that time, the VLF has actively promoted family literacy, encouraging literacy programs to teach parents the literacy skills they need to obtain jobs or seek promotions and help their children with school work. Through its partnership with The Literacy Institute, the VLF has benefited from the expertise gained from three Early Reading First grants that totaled $12 million. In collaboration with the Robins Foundation and Richmond Public Schools, the VLF founded NoRF, now named Excell, a project that addressed the literacy needs of at-risk pre-K children who live in Richmond's north side. This research-based program has continued and expanded in Richmond, and is now named Excell.

## InfoBox

Virginia Literacy Foundation
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | VLF |
| Formation | 1987 |
| Type | 501(c)(3) organization |
| Headquarters | Richmond, VA, United States |
| Executive Director | Mark Emblidge |
| Key people |  |
| Revenue (2015) | $674,974 |
| Expenses (2015) | $780,541 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Narakasuravadham

abstract: Narakasuravadham is an Aattakatha authored by Dharma Raja in Malayalam. Based on the Bhagavatam, it narrates the tale of the rise to power of the demon king Narakasura. Narakasura sends his servant, the demoness Nakrathundi to heaven to capture some divine damsels. Nakrathundi, in the process, gets smitten by Indra's son, Jayantha, and approaches him with amorous requests. Jayantha rejects her, and she attempts to seize him. In the ensuing confrontation, she ends up being mutilated by Jayantha. Nakrathundi rushes back to Narakasura, who is infuriated, and decides to avenge her by attacking heaven. He conquers heaven and dethrones Indra. The king of the devas then approaches Krishna, who finally defeats Narakasura.

text:
# Narakasuravadham

**Narakasuravadham** (The Slaying of Narakasura) is an Aattakatha (Kathakali play) authored by Dharma Raja in Malayalam. Based on the Bhagavatam, it narrates the tale of the rise to power of the demon king Narakasura. Narakasura sends his servant, the demoness Nakrathundi to heaven to capture some divine damsels. Nakrathundi, in the process, gets smitten by Indra's son, Jayantha, and approaches him with amorous requests. Jayantha rejects her, and she attempts to seize him. In the ensuing confrontation, she ends up being mutilated by Jayantha. Nakrathundi rushes back to Narakasura, who is infuriated, and decides to avenge her by attacking heaven. He conquers heaven and dethrones Indra. The king of the devas then approaches Krishna, who finally defeats Narakasura.


title: Tsing Yi Sports Ground

abstract: Tsing Yi Sports Ground is a sports ground in Tsing Yi, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is located near the east coast of the island, between Tivoli Garden and Tsing Yi Swimming Pool. It is the home of Hong Kong Premier League club Resources Capital. The stadium consists of a Tartan track and a football pitch.

text:
# Tsing Yi Sports Ground

**Tsing Yi Sports Ground** (Chinese: 青衣運動場) is a sports ground in Tsing Yi, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is located near the east coast of the island, between Tivoli Garden and Tsing Yi Swimming Pool. It is the home of Hong Kong Premier League club Resources Capital.

The stadium consists of a Tartan track and a football pitch.

## Opening hours

6:15 am to 10:30 pm every day. The pitch is closed for maintenance every Wednesday, however the track remains open for public use.

* "Kwai Ching Special - Tsing Yi Sports Ground". Kwai Tsing District Council. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-02.

## InfoBox

Tsing Yi Sports Ground
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 51 Tsing King Road, Tsing Yi, Hong Kong |
| Coordinates | 22°21′22″N 114°06′27″E / 22.356139°N 114.107479°E / 22.356139; 114.107479 |
| Public transit | Tsing Yi station |
| Owner | Hong Kong Government |
| Operator | Leisure and Cultural Services Department |
| Capacity | 1,500 |
| Field size | 102 x 65 metres (111 x 71 yards) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 26 October 1996 (1996-10-26) |
| Renovated | 2007 (2007) |
| Tenants | |
| Resources Capital (2020–2024)
Dreams (2017–19)
Rangers (2000–01, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2023–24)
Citizen (2013–14)
Sun Hei (2009–11, 2013–14)
Tuen Mun (2009) | |


title: Prion pseudoknot

abstract: The prion pseudoknot is predicted RNA pseudoknot structure found in prion protein mRNA. It has been suggested that this element has a possible effect in prion protein translation. The human prion protein gene contains 5 copies of a 24 nucleotide repeat that contains this structure. The number of nucleotide repeats found in an organism may vary from one organism to another. Each species has a set number of nucleotide repeats, but when the organism deviates from this number, mutations in the prion genes may arise. Human individuals that exhibit these mutations may be prone to developing prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

text:
# Prion pseudoknot

The **prion pseudoknot** is predicted RNA pseudoknot structure found in prion protein mRNA. It has been suggested that this element has a possible effect in prion protein translation. The human prion protein gene contains 5 copies of a 24 nucleotide repeat that contains this structure. The number of nucleotide repeats found in an organism may vary from one organism to another. Each species has a set number of nucleotide repeats, but when the organism deviates from this number, mutations in the prion genes may arise. Human individuals that exhibit these mutations may be prone to developing prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

## InfoBox

| Prion pseudoknot | |
| --- | --- |
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Prion\_pknot | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Prion\_pknot |
| Rfam | RF00523 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Cis-reg |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryota |
| SO | SO:0000233 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Material Sciences Corporation

abstract: Material Sciences Corporation is an American materials technology company. It began as All Weather Steel Products in Chicago in 1951. It is now headquartered in Canton, Michigan. The company provides engineering and testing solutions for acoustical and coated applications. The company owns five manufacturing plants, in Elk Grove Village, Illinois; East Chicago, Indiana; Walbridge, Ohio; Canfield, Ohio; and Toronto. It has sales offices in Burr Ridge, Illinois, Turin, and Shanghai.

text:
# Material Sciences Corporation

**Material Sciences Corporation** is an American materials technology company. It began as **All Weather Steel Products** in Chicago in 1951. It is now headquartered in Canton, Michigan. The company provides engineering and testing solutions for acoustical and coated applications. The company owns five manufacturing plants, in Elk Grove Village, Illinois; East Chicago, Indiana; Walbridge, Ohio; Canfield, Ohio; and Toronto. It has sales offices in Burr Ridge, Illinois, Turin, and Shanghai.

## InfoBox

Material Sciences Corporation
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Traded as | Nasdaq: MASC |
| Industry | Industrial equipment and components |
| Founded | 1951 (1951) |
| Headquarters | Canton, Michigan, United States |
| Products | Acoustical material-based and coated material-based solutions |
| Services | Engineering services and testing services |
| Revenue | US$112.64M (Nov 30, 2013) |
| Number of employees | 267 (Nov 30, 2013) |
| Website | www.materialsciencescorp.com |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: Robert H. Foerderer

abstract: Robert Hermann Foerderer was an American businessman and politician who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district from 1901 to 1903 and Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district in 1903. He owned Robert H. Foerderer, Inc. which produced leather goods and invented a chrome tanning technique to create a leather product he trademarked Vici Kid. He died in office in 1903, possibly due to chromate poisoning from his years handling chromium to perfect his chrome tanning technique.

text:
# Robert H. Foerderer

**Robert Hermann Foerderer** (May 16, 1860  July 26, 1903) was an American businessman and politician who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district from 1901 to 1903 and Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district in 1903.

He owned Robert H. Foerderer, Inc. which produced leather goods and invented a chrome tanning technique to create a leather product he trademarked Vici Kid.

He died in office in 1903, possibly due to chromate poisoning from his years handling chromium to perfect his chrome tanning technique.

## Early life

Robert H. Foerderer was born in Bad Frankenhausen, in Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. His parents were U.S. citizens and were visiting the place of their birth. His father Edward was a manufacturer of Morocco leather. Robert attended public and private schools in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania but did not attend college

In 1881, he married Caroline Fischer and together they had two children.

## Business career

Foerderer worked for a brief period as a bank clerk and entered the leather industry as an apprentice at his father's morocco leather business.

In 1885, he established Robert H. Foerderer, Inc., which also manufactured leather goods. Foerderer invented a chrome tanning technique for treating animal skin with chromium sulfate that resulted in a soft and supple leather for the production of handbags, shoes and gloves. His technique reduced the tanning time from four months to two to three weeks. Foerderer named his leather product Vici Kid — "Vici" being Latin for "I conquered" and "kid" referring to the goat skin used to make the leather. Foerderer also partnered with the Rohm & Haas chemical company to implement the use of Oropon as a replacement for dog dung in the leather softening process.

Foerderer's company began as a one-room factory in the Frankford section of Philadelphia and eventually grew to cover 17 acres. The factory employed over 4,000 people and processed 50,000 skins per day. His company also used the by-products of leather production to produce hide glue and goat hair for various uses. The glue plant was located in Philadelphia's Bridesburg neighborhood, and the goat-hair factory was near the leather plant.

Foerderer's Vici Kid leather product won the grand prize and gold medal in a competition at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, which introduced the product to a large audience and created demand.

Foerderer served as president and director of the Keystone Telephone Company and as a member of the boards of directors for the Philadelphia Rapid Transit, the Columbia Avenue Trust Company, and the Quaker City Trust. He was a member of the Union League of Philadelphia, the Columbia Club, the Five O'Clock Club of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Bourse, and the Manhattan Club of New York. Foerderer was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and a thirty-second degree Mason.

In 1895, Foerderer purchased the summer home of Charles Macalester in the Torresdale neighborhood of Philadelphia. The estate, previously named Glengarry, was renamed Glen Foerd.

## Political career

Foerderer was elected in 1900 as a Republican to the 57th United States Congress as a representative for Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district. He served on the committees for banking and currency, enrolled bills and ventilation and acoustics. Foerderer was re-elected in 1902 for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district and served until his death in 1903.

## Death and legacy

Foederer died in 1903 while in office at his home in Torresdale. He was interred in Philadelphia's Laurel Hill Cemetery. It is possible that he died from chromate poisoning from his years handling chromium for his chrome tanning technique although the cause of death was listed as Bright's disease.

Following Foerderer's death, Reuben Moon would be elected to fill his vacancy. Foerderer's son, Percival took over management of the leather goods business and is known for building the La Ronda mansion and estate in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

The Glen Foerd estate is currently operated as a historic house museum, and the grounds are a public park.

## Citations

## InfoBox

| Robert H. Foerderer | |
| --- | --- |
| Image from *Robert H. Foerderer, Late a Representative-elect from Pennsylvania* published in 1905. | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1901  July 26, 1903 | |
| Preceded by | James R. Young |
| Succeeded by | Samuel A. Davenport,
Galusha A. Grow |
| Constituency | at-large district (1901–1903)
4th district (1903) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1860-05-16)May 16, 1860
Bad Frankenhausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |
| Died | July 26, 1903(1903-07-26) (aged 43)
Torresdale, Philadelphia, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: L. Perry Curtis

abstract: Lewis Perry Curtis Jr. was an American historian specializing in 19th-century Irish history. He also covered modern culture and media.

text:
# L. Perry Curtis

**Lewis Perry Curtis Jr.** (June 7, 1932 – April 9, 2019) was an American historian specializing in 19th-century Irish history. He also covered modern culture and media.

## Early life and education

L. Perry Curtis was born in London, England, the son of Lewis Perry Curtis, associate professor of history at Yale (1900-1976), and his wife, Bryn Mawr College-graduate Jeanet Ellinwood (née Sullivan), daughter of an insurance company executive. Curtis was educated at the Foote School, at New Haven, Connecticut, Brooks School, at North Andover, Massachusetts, then at Yale and Christ Church, Oxford, transferring after two years to Nuffield College, Oxford. He spent his summers as a copy-boy at The New York Times, at which his maternal grandfather and an uncle had been employed.

## Career

Curtis wrote a number of books on 19th-century Ireland, including two books on political cartooning. *Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature* covers how the Irish were caricatured by English and American cartoonists. *Images of Erin in the Age of Parnell* covers how Irish cartoonists depicted the female personification of Ireland, Erin. This was one of his most recognized books.

Curtis had a teaching career of four decades, including at Princeton, the University of California at Berkeley, and Brown University, from which he retired as professor of history in 2001. Most of his professional career was spent at Brown University, where he became emeritus professor of history. In 1959, he married Alison (b. 1934), daughter of Francis Leader MacCarthy-Willis-Bund, a Chaplain, Fellow and Dean of Balliol College, Oxford, in 1959. Before her marriage she had been private secretary at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Her great-grandfather was the writer John William Willis-Bund.

## Selected books

Curtis wrote the following books:

* *Coercion and Conciliation in Ireland 1880-1892: A Study in Conservative Unionism*, 1963.
* *Anglo-Saxons and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England*, 1968.
* *The Historian's Workshop: Original Essays by Sixteen Historians*, 1970.
* *Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature*, 1971 (rev. ed. 1997).
* *Images of Erin in the Age of Parnell*, 2000.
* *Jack the Ripper and the London Press*, 2001.
* *The Depiction of Eviction in Ireland 1845–1910*, 2011.
* *Notice to Quit: The Great Irish Famine Evictions*, 2015.


title: IfOnly

abstract: IfOnly was a San Francisco-based an e-commerce platform and charity venture, founded by Trevor Traina. The company offered donation and charity solutions with the aid of connecting audiences with sports, cooking, film, and music personalities. The company marketed itself as seller of dreams and experiences. It connected individuals with luminaries. The platform offered experiences to its members with celebrities including Dale DeGroff, Joe Montana, Kobe Bryant, Michael Chiarello, Tyler Florence, Richard Branson, Andre Agassi, Madonna, Shakira, Justin Timberlake, Robin Thicke, Greg Norman, John McEnroe, Thomas Keller, and Alice Waters. The company closed in late 2019; it was folded into Mastercard's "Priceless" experiences marketplace.

text:
# IfOnly

**IfOnly** was a San Francisco-based an e-commerce platform and charity venture, founded by Trevor Traina. The company offered donation and charity solutions with the aid of connecting audiences with sports, cooking, film, and music personalities.

The company marketed itself as seller of dreams and experiences. It connected individuals with luminaries.

The platform offered experiences to its members with celebrities including Dale DeGroff, Joe Montana, Kobe Bryant, Michael Chiarello, Tyler Florence, Richard Branson, Andre Agassi, Madonna, Shakira, Justin Timberlake, Robin Thicke, Greg Norman, John McEnroe, Thomas Keller, and Alice Waters.

The company closed in late 2019; it was folded into Mastercard's "Priceless" experiences marketplace.

## History

IfOnly was founded in 2012 by Trevor Traina, a serial tech-entrepreneur.

In April 2018, John Boris assumed the position of CEO of IfOnly. Prior to IfOnly, Mr Boris spent six years as the Chief Marketing Officer for Shutterfly.

IfOnly partnered with the Big Red Group (BRG) in Australia in June 2019 to launch an Australian arm of the business, IfOnly Australia. The business launched on June 3, 2019.

In Q4 2019, IfOnly was acquired by Mastercard Incorporated, although the information did not become public until mid-2020.

## Funding

In February 2016, the company raised $10.25 million in Series B funding, from investors like Dropbox CEO Drew Houston, Nextdoor, CEO Nirav Tolia, Yucaipa Companies co-founder Ron Burkle, Advance Newhouse, Digital Garage, and XB Ventures.

In October, 2013, It received $12 Million in Series A round from investors including Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer, New Enterprise Associates, Khosla Ventures, Founders Fund, American Express Ventures, the Advance/Newhouse arm of Conde Nast and Allen & Co.

Earlier, IfOnly secured seed funding of $3 million from a group of investors including Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff, Yuri Milner, Nirav Tolia, SurveyMonkey CEO Dave Goldberg, Zynga CEO Mark Pincus, Yelp CEO Jeremy Stoppelman, Hosain Rahman, and Owen Van Natta.

In April 2018, the company raised an undisclosed amount in Series D funding led by Mastercard, and joined by other strategic investors, including Hyatt Hotels Corporation, Sotheby's, Founders Fund, New Enterprise Associates, Khosla Ventures, and TriplePoint Capital. However, TechCrunch reported, it secured $20 million in Series D funding. Also, in April 2018, John Boris joined the company as CEO

## InfoBox

IfOnly
| Founded | November 22, 2012 (2012-11-22) in San Francisco, United States |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Trevor Traina |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, California, United States |
| Key people | John Boris CEO
Joe Vierra CTO
 |
| Number of employees | 100+ |
| Parent | Acquired by Mastercard Incorporated |
| Website | www.ifonly.com |


title: Wainlode Cliff

abstract: Wainlode Cliff is a 1.3 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1954. It overlooks Hasfield Ham.

text:
# Wainlode Cliff

**Wainlode Cliff** (grid reference SO845257) is a 1.3 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1954. It overlooks Hasfield Ham.

## Geology

This an historic locality which was first described in 1842 and shows a seven-metre section of Rhaetian age. The site mains the regional two-fold division of Westbury and Cotham Beds. The Insect Limestone, which is a productive source of insects, defines the base of the Lias.

## Fishing

Seasonal fishing is permitted on the riverbank beneath the cliff. Day tickets are available from the campsite shop, currently priced at £5 per day (2022).

## Sources

## InfoBox

Wainlode Cliff
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
| Wainlode Cliff | |
| Location within Gloucestershire | |
| Location | Gloucestershire |
| Grid reference | SO845257 |
| Coordinates | 51°55′48″N 2°13′34″W / 51.930046°N 2.226104°W / 51.930046; -2.226104 |
| Interest | Geological |
| Area | 1.3 hectare |
| Notification | 1954 |
| Natural England website | |