title: Holhøi

abstract: Holhøi is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,805-metre (5,922 ft) tall mountain lies within Reinheimen National Park, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of the village of Lesjaskog. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Digerkampen which is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the northwest, Kjelkehøene which is about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the north, Skarvehøi which is about 5.7 kilometres (3.5 mi) to the northeast, Digervarden which is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the east, Grønhøi and Buakollen which are about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the southeast, and Løyfthøene and Gråhø which are about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the south.

text:
# Holhøi

**Holhøi**  is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,805-metre (5,922 ft) tall mountain lies within Reinheimen National Park, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of the village of Lesjaskog. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Digerkampen which is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the northwest, Kjelkehøene which is about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the north, Skarvehøi which is about 5.7 kilometres (3.5 mi) to the northeast, Digervarden which is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the east, Grønhøi and Buakollen which are about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the southeast, and Løyfthøene and Gråhø which are about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the south.

## InfoBox

| Holhøi | |
| --- | --- |
| Holhøe | |
| HolhøiLocation of the mountainHolhøiHolhøi (Norway) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,805 m (5,922 ft) |
| Prominence | 91 m (299 ft) |
| Parent peak | Gråhø |
| Isolation | 1.4 km (0.87 mi) |
| Coordinates | 62°06′10″N 8°07′05″E / 62.10264°N 8.11817°E / 62.10264; 8.11817 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Innlandet, Norway |
| Parent range | Reinheimen |


title: Pavel Dan

abstract: Pavel Dan was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian prose writer. He was born in Clapa, Cluj County, in the Transylvania region. His parents, Simion Dan and Maria, were poor peasants. He began primary school in 1914, and would later caricature his classmate Samoilă Gabor in "Intelectualii". He took part in a peasant uprising in nearby Țigăreni village, later transposing the event into another era in "Iobagii". In 1919, following the union of Transylvania with Romania, he entered the Romanian high school in Turda; "Întâlnire" and "Vedenii din copilărie" dealt with the atmosphere of the provincial town. During this period, the only positive figure in Dan's life was his teacher Teodor Murășanu, himself a writer and editor at Pagini literare, where Dan also contributed. As a schoolboy, he was preoccupied by large-scale literary projects that remained unfinished. He was a participant in the activities of the Titu Maiorescu reading society, and the magazine Fire de tort appeared upon his initiative in 1925. In 1927, he entered the literature faculty of the University of Cluj; his main specialty was Romanian language, with a secondary field being Latin. He was involved in Victor Papilian's circle. Dan's published debut as a critic took place in 1930, with a review of Garabet Ibrăileanu's Note și impresii in Darul vremii. The second number of the same magazine included his short story "Ursita". In 1931, he became librarian and pedagogue at the high school in Turda. The following year, he was hired to teach at Sfântul Vasile High School in Blaj. From 1934 to 1936, he published a number of stories in Blajul magazine, including "Îl duc pe popa", "Corigențe", "Întâlnire" and "La închisoare". A single prose work of his, "Priveghiul", ran in Gândirea. In 1936, he won the literary contest of România nouă with the story "Iobagii". The short story collection Urcan bătrânul, introduced by Ion Chinezu, was published posthumously in 1938. Soon after the event, Octav Șuluțiu wrote that his death "has cut short the appearance of one of the greatest Romanian writers, in the full course of his evolution". A more circumspect George Călinescu merely lamented the early passing of "a probably powerful writer". A high school in Câmpia Turzii and an elementary school in Tritenii de Jos now bear his name.

text:
# Pavel Dan

**Pavel Dan** (September 3, 1907 – August 2, 1937) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian prose writer.

He was born in Clapa, Cluj County, in the Transylvania region. His parents, Simion Dan and Maria (*née* Tescariu), were poor peasants. He began primary school in 1914, and would later caricature his classmate Samoilă Gabor in "Intelectualii". He took part in a peasant uprising in nearby Țigăreni village, later transposing the event into another era in "Iobagii". In 1919, following the union of Transylvania with Romania, he entered the Romanian high school in Turda; "Întâlnire" and "Vedenii din copilărie" dealt with the atmosphere of the provincial town. During this period, the only positive figure in Dan's life was his teacher Teodor Murășanu, himself a writer and editor at *Pagini literare*, where Dan also contributed. As a schoolboy, he was preoccupied by large-scale literary projects that remained unfinished (the novels *Mizerie* and *Logodnica*, and the novella *O răzbunare sângeroasă*). He was a participant in the activities of the Titu Maiorescu reading society, and the magazine *Fire de tort* appeared upon his initiative in 1925. In 1927, he entered the literature faculty of the University of Cluj; his main specialty was Romanian language, with a secondary field being Latin. He was involved in Victor Papilian's circle.

Dan's published debut as a critic took place in 1930, with a review of Garabet Ibrăileanu's *Note și impresii* in *Darul vremii*. The second number of the same magazine included his short story "Ursita". In 1931, he became librarian and pedagogue at the high school in Turda. The following year, he was hired to teach at Sfântul Vasile High School in Blaj. From 1934 to 1936, he published a number of stories in *Blajul* magazine, including "Îl duc pe popa", "Corigențe", "Întâlnire" and "La închisoare". A single prose work of his, "Priveghiul", ran in *Gândirea*. In 1936, he won the literary contest of *România nouă* with the story "Iobagii". The short story collection *Urcan bătrânul*, introduced by Ion Chinezu, was published posthumously in 1938. Soon after the event, Octav Șuluțiu wrote that his death "has cut short the appearance of one of the greatest Romanian writers, in the full course of his evolution". A more circumspect George Călinescu merely lamented the early passing of "a probably powerful writer".

A high school in Câmpia Turzii and an elementary school in Tritenii de Jos now bear his name.


title: Nectandra citrifolia

abstract: Nectandra citrifolia is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.

text:
# Nectandra citrifolia

***Nectandra citrifolia*** is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Nectandra citrifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | *Nectandra* |
| Species: | ***N. citrifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nectandra citrifolia***
Rusby | |
|


title: Richard Olney (food writer)

abstract: Richard Olney was an American painter, cook, food writer, editor, and memoirist, best known for his books of French country cooking.

text:
# Richard Olney (food writer)

**Richard Olney** (April 12, 1927 – August 3, 1999) was an American painter, cook, food writer, editor, and memoirist, best known for his books of French country cooking.

## Biography

Olney was born in Marathon, Iowa. He lived in a house above the village of Solliès-Toucas in Provence, France, for most of his adult life, where he wrote many classic and influential cookbooks of French country cooking. He had first moved to France in 1951, to Paris, where he was close friends with (and painted many of) the American and English bohemian expatriate set, including James Baldwin, filmmaker Kenneth Anger, painter John Craxton, poet John Ashbery, and composer Ned Rorem.

His deep knowledge of traditional classic French food and wine got him a job writing a column entitled *Un Américain (gourmand) à Paris* for the journal *Cuisine et Vins de France* beginning in 1962. After *The French Menu Cookbook* was published in English in 1970, his then-revolutionary approach of seasonal menus and close attention to wine pairings began to attract notice in Britain and America. By the time he wrote *Simple French Food* in 1974, he was one of the most important food writers of the era, with a huge impact on nouvelle cuisine and California cuisine.

Alice Waters, of Chez Panisse restaurant in Berkeley, California, and Kermit Lynch, the well-known Berkeley wine writer and retailer, were both disciples. He introduced Lynch to many French wine growers, including Lucien and Lulu Peyraud of Domaine Tempier, who were then re-establishing the Bandol AOC as a vineyard area of the first rank. James Beard was an important American mentor, and Olney, in the midst of his career, taught a series of cooking classes in Beard's West Village apartment. Despite this, Olney, in a memoir, presents a mixed picture of Beard's character.

From 1977 to 1982, Olney edited the 28-volume Time-Life book series *The Good Cook*. By the time of his death, from heart failure, in addition to the Time-Life set he had written many of his own brilliant, idiosyncratic, poetic books about food and wine. His last book, *Reflexions*, a memoir, was published posthumously by Brick Tower Press. Olney died aged 72 in Solliès-Toucas.

The *Observer Food Monthly* panel of chefs, cooks, writers and restaurateurs elected *The French Menu Cookbook* as their favourite cookbook in early 2010, but were saddened that it was very difficult to find. Since then the book has been republished.

## English bibliography

* *The French Menu Cookbook: The Food and Wine of France—Season by Delicious Season—in Beautifully Composed Menus for American Dining and Entertaining by an American Living in Paris and Provence* (1970), ISBN 0-671-20365-7
* *Simple French Food* (1974), ISBN 0-689-10575-4
* *Yquem* (1986), ISBN 0-87923-644-2
* *Ten Vineyard Lunches* (1988), (later reprinted as Richard Olney's French Wine & Food: A Wine Lover's Cookbook (1997)) ISBN 0-940793-23-7
* *Provence, the Beautiful Cookbook: Authentic Recipes from the Regions of Provence* (1993), ISBN 0-00-255154-3
* *Lulu's Provençal Table: The Exuberant Food and Wine from Domaine Tempier Vineyard* (1994), ISBN 0-06-016922-2
* *Romanée Conti: The World's Most Fabled Wine* (1995), ISBN 0-8478-1927-2
* *Cooking for Two* (1996), ISBN 0-297-83650-1
* *The Good Cook's Encyclopedia* (1997), ISBN 1-899988-95-5 (ed.)
* *Richard Olney's French Wine and Food: A Wine Lover's Cookbook* (1997), ISBN 1-56656-226-0
* *Reflexions* (1999), ISBN 1-883283-20-5
* (anthologized in) *American Food Writing: An Anthology with Classic Recipes*, ed. Molly O'Neill (Library of America, 2007), ISBN 1-59853-005-4

1. Kermit Lynch Interview - Terrance Gelenter Archived 2015-10-03 at the Wayback Machine
2. *Observer Food Monthly*, December 2010, no. 115.

## InfoBox

| Richard Olney | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | ( 1927-04-12)April 12, 1927
Marathon, Iowa, U.S. |
| Died | August 3, 1999(1999-08-03) (aged 72)
Solliès-Toucas, France |
| Occupations | * Painter * cook * food writer * editor * memoirist |
| Known for | Books on French cooking |


title: Through the Storm (Riot album)

abstract: Through the Storm is the twelfth studio album by American heavy metal band Riot. It was released on August 26, 2002. It is the only Riot album to feature drummer Bobby Rondinelli, best known for his work with Rainbow and Black Sabbath.

text:
# Through the Storm (Riot album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Through the Storm*** is the twelfth studio album by American heavy metal band Riot. It was released on August 26, 2002.

It is the only Riot album to feature drummer Bobby Rondinelli, best known for his work with Rainbow and Black Sabbath.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Mike DiMeo, and Mark Reale except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Turn the Tables" | Mike DiMeo, Mark Reale, Mike Flyntz | 5:21 |
| 2. | "Lost Inside This World" | DiMeo, Reale | 4:44 |
| 3. | "Chains (Revolving)" | DiMeo, Reale | 4:43 |
| 4. | "Through the Storm" | DiMeo, Reale | 6:13 |
| 5. | "Let It Show" | DiMeo, Reale | 4:37 |
| 6. | "Burn the Sun" | DiMeo, Reale, Flyntz | 4:26 |
| 7. | "To My Head" | DiMeo, Reale | 5:59 |
| 8. | "Essential Enemies" | DiMeo, Reale, Flyntz | 3:48 |
| 9. | "Somebody" (Japanese edition bonus track) | DiMeo, Reale | 3:42 |
| 10. | "Only You Can Rock Me" (UFO cover) | Pete Way, Phil Mogg, Michael Schenker | 3:56 |
| 11. | "Isle of Shadows" | DiMeo, Reale, Flyntz | 4:08 |
| 12. | "Here Comes the Sun" (The Beatles cover) | George Harrison | 3:21 |

## Personnel

### Band members

* Mike DiMeo – lead and backing vocals
* Mark Reale – electric and acoustic guitars, keyboards, string arrangements, producer
* Mike Flyntz – electric guitars, engineer
* Pete Perez – bass
* Bobby Rondinelli – drums

### Additional musicians

* Yoko Kayumi – violin, violin effects, keyboards
* Josh Pincus – keyboards on "Only You Can Rock Me"
* Tony Harnell – backing vocals

### Production

* Paul Orofino – producer, engineer, mixing, mastering
* Chris Cubeta, Bruno Ravel, Bobby Jarzombek – engineers
* Jeff Allen, Jack Bart – executive producers

## InfoBox

| Through the Storm | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Riot | |
| Released | August 26, 2002 |
| Recorded | Millbrook Sound Studios, Millbrook, New York, Tri-Star Sounds, Long Island, New York |
| Genre | Heavy metal, hard rock |
| Length | 51:16 |
| Label | Toshiba EMI Japan
Metal Blade |
| Producer | Mark Reale, Paul Orofino |
| Riot chronology | |
| *Sons of Society*
(1999) ***Through the Storm***
(2002) *Army of One*
(2006) | |


title: Ho Tung Gardens

abstract: Ho Tung Gardens, also known by its Cantonese name 'Hiu Kok Yuen', was a villa on the Peak, Hong Kong. It was built by Robert Hotung and his wife Clara in 1927. They referred to it as "The Falls", but it later became known as Ho Tung Gardens. In 2011, it was listed as a Grade I historic building by the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB). Invoking the relevant section of the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance for the fourth time in history, it was declared a "proposed historic monument" by the Government of Hong Kong in 2011. Negotiations between the owner and the government to save the mansion failed, and demolition work was completed in October 2013.

text:
# Ho Tung Gardens

**Ho Tung Gardens**, also known by its Cantonese name 'Hiu Kok Yuen', was a villa on the Peak, Hong Kong. It was built by Robert Hotung and his wife Clara in 1927. They referred to it as "The Falls", but it later became known as Ho Tung Gardens.

In 2011, it was listed as a Grade I historic building by the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB). Invoking the relevant section of the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance for the fourth time in history, it was declared a "proposed historic monument" by the Government of Hong Kong in 2011. Negotiations between the owner and the government to save the mansion failed, and demolition work was completed in October 2013.

## Etymology

While the property is known by the name of 'Ho Tung Gardens' in Chinese (何東花園) after its original owner, the property's alternative given Chinese name is "*Hiu Kok Yuen*" (曉覺園)  an amalgam of names of Ho and his second wife, Clara. Hotung's alternative Chinese name Hiu-sang (何曉生); his wife was Cheung Lin-kok (何張蓮覺).

## History

### Plot history

The site, reported to be a 120,000-square-foot (11,000 m2) lot, was originally known as "The Falls", because of a stream in the vicinity. Originally owned by C.D. Wilkinson, the site was sold to Ho in about 1923 or 1924. Its street address at the time was 82 Aberdeen Road, RBL No. 28. and was changed in 1924 to No. 254. Later, it became No. 75 Peak Road. Lease plans of 1923 and 1928 indicate that the mansion of Ho Tung Gardens was built on the foundations of "The Falls".

### Construction

The 4,000 square feet residence was constructed between 1927 and 1938. The compound was designed by Palmer and Turner Architects, a noted architectural practice, in a Chinese Renaissance style. It is known that the 2-storey main building was built in 1927, whilst parts of the gardens, in particular the ornamental gateway, were completed in 1938, after the death of Lady Hotung. Within the extensive gardens are a pavilion and a 5-storey pagoda, built with reinforced concrete and Chinese roof-tiles. One of the pavilions in the gardens also house calligraphy by Qing Dynasty officials, Zeng Guofan and Zuo Zongtang.

### Uses and visitors

According to the Peak Reservation Ordinance, only Europeans were allowed to live on Victoria Peak. Hotung, who was half-European and half-Chinese, was already living on the Peak when the law was enacted. Ho had a retreat on The Peak named "The Neuk", at 48 Aberdeen Road, but he primarily lived at a property named "Idlewild" at 8 Seymour Road in the city. Ho never lived in Ho Tung Gardens.

As a prominent businessman at the time, Hotung received many famous visitors at the villa, including George Bernard Shaw; US Vice President John Nance Garner visited in 1935. It was commandeered as a military base to fight the Japanese Imperial Army in 1941. Parts of the structure, including the roof, were damaged in heavy fighting and the building became dilapidated thereafter. In 1946, Hotung sought compensation from the government for the damage; the building was then renovated several times. The property has been extensively modified.

Hotung's son, Robert, lived on the property between the 1960s and 1990s, and ownership passed onto granddaughter Ho Min-kwan in 2003.

## 2010s

The owner, Hotung's granddaughter, applied for permission to redevelop in mid-2010; technical approval was gained from the Buildings Department in December 2010 as it satisfied planning requirements. According to building plan submitted – by the original firm that designed the villa, 11 blocks of four-storey houses would be built; a total floor area would be 60,000 square feet. The case came before the Antiquities Advisory Board in July 2010, where it was listed as a Grade I historic building, although such declaration does not confer statutory protection. In late January 2011, the Government of Hong Kong invoked the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance for the fourth time in history, declared it a "proposed historic monument", thus imposing a 12-month moratorium on redevelopment of the site, pending negotiations with the owner. In October 2011, two government consultancy reports, by experts at the University of Hong Kong and submitted to the Antiquity Advisory Board, concluded that it has high historical and architectural value. On 24 October 2011, the Antiquities Advisory Board approved the government proposal to declare the Ho Tung Gardens on the Peak a monument. Bernard Chan, Chairman of the AAB argued to preserve the mansions because "The choice of a very Chinese-looking style of architecture for the new house in 1927 ... was a statement that a racial barrier was being broken. It was also a declaration by Hotung that he was different from his neighbors, who were only living in the colony temporarily before going home." However, some other architectural historians believe that the mansion is an ordinary piece of architecture at the time that cannot be compared with other examples of "Chinese Renaissance" architecture such as King Yin Lei and Haw Par Mansion.

In December 2011, the government announced that it would declare Hotung Gardens a protected monument prior to the expiry of the temporary injunctive declaration made in January. This put the government at loggerheads with the site's owner, who insisted on retaining the site and living in one of the ten units she wished to have built there. Ho Min-kwan argued that the existing main building is "unexceptional ... does not have the requisite historical or architectural value or authenticity; it is not a rare example of an architectural style, and it is not a distinctive building structure." She also noted that her grandfather never lived there, and that the main building had already been converted into six apartments.

The government announced in early December 2012 that it would not declare the house a monument after all. The secretary for development, Paul Chan admitted a policy failure and said the government believed that "not everyone would agree with spending billions of dollars of public money on private heritage sites"  the valuation was between HK$3 billion and 7 billion. Demolition work of the principal building started in July 2013 and was completed in late October, paving the way for construction of a series of town houses on the site.

Ho Tung Gardens was sold in February 2015 for a sum of HKD5.1 billion. At HKD82,258 per sq.ft of buildable area, this marks the most expensive residential plot sold by private tender in Hong Kong. The sale also shone the global spotlight on the property, with the deal placing Peak Road atop the list of ‘The World's Top 10 Most Exclusive Streets’ in survey results released in July 2015 by Billionaire.com - notably above Upper Fifth Avenue in the United States and Knightsbridge in London. The new buyer is alleged to be Cheung Chung Kiu, Chairman of C C Land Holdings Ltd. The 120,000 sq.ft site is expected to be redeveloped, and as per Cap 117 Part IIIA Division 5 of the Stamp Duty Ordinance, will grant the buyer a refund of HKD980 million in stamp duty should the redevelopment go ahead.

## InfoBox

| Ho Tung Gardens
何東花園 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ho Tung Gardens (foreground left) | |
|  | |
| Alternative names | *Hiu Kok Yuen* (曉覺園) |
| General information | |
| Type | Villa + gardens with pagoda |
| Architectural style | Chinese Renaissance |
| Location | The Peak, Hong Kong |
| Address | 75 Peak Road |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Coordinates | 22°15′50″N 114°09′09″E / 22.2640°N 114.1525°E / 22.2640; 114.1525 |
| Construction started | 1927 |
| Completed | 1937 |
| Renovated | 1946 |
| Demolished | 24 October 2013 (2013-10-24) |
| Owner | Ho Min-kwan |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 2 (villa); 5 (pagoda) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architecture firm | Palmer and Turner Architects |
|  | |
| Hong Kong Graded BuildingGrade I | |
| Designated | 2011-01-25 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tract

abstract: Tract may refer to:

text:
# Tract

**Tract** may refer to:

## Geography and real estate

* Housing tract, an area of land that is subdivided into smaller individual lots
* Land lot or tract, a section of land
* Census tract, a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census

## Writings

## Biology

## Businesses

* Tract (imprint), an imprint of the German group VDM Publishing devoted to the reproduction of Wikipedia content


title: Mount Elizabeth (Antarctica)

abstract: Mount Elizabeth is a massive ice-free mountain, 4,480 metres (14,700 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles south of Mount Anne in the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica.

text:
# Mount Elizabeth (Antarctica)

**Mount Elizabeth** (83°54′S 168°23′E / 83.900°S 168.383°E / -83.900; 168.383 (Mount Elizabeth)) is a massive ice-free mountain, 4,480 metres (14,700 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) south of Mount Anne in the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica.

## Exploration and name

Mount Elizabeth was discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09 (BrAE), and named for Elizabeth Dawson-Lambton, a supporter of the expedition.

## Location

Mount Elizabeth is in the northern part of the Queen Elizabeth Range, to the east of Mackellar Glacier, north of Alice Glacier and west of Beardmore Glacier. Sirohi Point is to the east and the Owen Hills are to the northeast. A line of peaks extends north from Mount Elizabeth including, from south to north, Mount Anne, Mount Bishop, Ahmadjian Peak, Mount Rotolante and Kessler Peak.

## Events

On 23 January 2013, C-GKBC (c/n:650), a Kenn Borek Air DHC-6 Twin Otter skiplane, with three Canadians on board, crashed onto Mount Elizabeth. The Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) was detected on the same day. The plane had been en route from the South Pole's Amundsen–Scott US station to Terra Nova Bay's Zucchelli Italian station, operating under the auspices of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA).

The aircraft was found on 25 January 2013. It had impacted at the 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) level. The New Zealand helicopter rescue team which spotted the wreckage reported that the accident was not survivable. Canada had jurisdiction in investigating the crash. Recovery efforts were ended on 27 January, after having recovered the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), due to unsafe conditions.

## Nearby features

### Sirohi Point

83°57′S 170°06′E / 83.950°S 170.100°E / -83.950; 170.100. A rock point at the north side of the terminus of Alice Glacier, where the latter enters Beardmore Glacier. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Girraj S. Sirohi, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) biologist at McMurdo Station, 1960-61.

### Owen Hills

83°44′S 169°50′E / 83.733°S 169.833°E / -83.733; 169.833. An area of rugged ice-covered hills on the west side of Beardmore Glacier, between Socks Glacier and Evans Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for George Owen, Special Assistant for Antarctica in the Department of State, 1959-62.

### Mount Anne

83°48′S 168°30′E / 83.800°S 168.500°E / -83.800; 168.500. A mountain, 3,870 metres (12,700 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) north of Mount Elizabeth. Discovered by the BrAE (1907-09) and named for Anne Dawson-Lambton, a supporter of the expedition.

### Mount Bishop

83°43′S 168°42′E / 83.717°S 168.700°E / -83.717; 168.700. A prominent mountain, 3,020 metres (9,910 ft) high, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of Ahmadjian Peak. Named by US-ACAN after Lieutenant Barry Chapman Bishop (1932-94), United States Air Force, an observer with the Argentine Antarctic Expedition (1956-57); member of the Staff of the United States Antarctic Projects Officer, 1958 and 1959; member of the American party which on May 22, 1962, succeeded in climbing Mount Everest.

### Ahmadjian Peak

83°41′S 168°42′E / 83.683°S 168.700°E / -83.683; 168.700. A prominent ice-covered peak, 2,910 metres (9,550 ft) high, standing 4.5 nautical miles (8.3 km; 5.2 mi) southwest of Mount Fox. Named by US-ACAN for Vernon Ahmadjian, United States ArmyRP biologist at McMurdo Station, 1963-64.

### Mount Rotolante

83°36′S 168°25′E / 83.600°S 168.417°E / -83.600; 168.417. A mountain, 2,460 metres (8,070 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northwest of Mount Fox. Named by US-ACAN for Ralph A. Rotolante, United States ArmyRP meteorologist at McMurdo Station, 1962.

### Kessler Peak

83°37′S 167°50′E / 83.617°S 167.833°E / -83.617; 167.833. A conspicuous cone-shaped peak 2,180 metres (7,150 ft) high standing at the east side of Lennox-King Glacier, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) west-southwest of Mount Rotolante. Named by US-ACAN for Captain Charles L. Kessler, United States Navy, Director of Selective Service System for Virginia. Kessler was a member of the ship's party on the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1928-30) and revisited Antarctica in 1962 and 1965.

## Sources

* Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995), *Geographic Names of the Antarctic* (PDF) (2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names, retrieved 2023-12-03  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Board on Geographic Names.
* "Antarctica Ultra-Prominences", *Peaklist.org*, retrieved 2012-09-05
* *ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 C-GKBC Queen Alexandra Range*, Aviation Safety Network, 24 January 2013, retrieved 25 January 2013
* "Flight carrying 3 Canadians missing in Antarctica", *New Straits Times*, Kuala Lumpur, Associated Press, 23 January 2013, archived from the original on 24 January 2013, retrieved 23 January 2013
* *Mount Elizabeth*, USGS: United States Geological Survey, retrieved 2024-03-16
* "Officials halt efforts to recover bodies of Canadians in Antarctica crash". Global News. The Canadian Press. 27 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
* "Plane crash deaths in Antarctica confirmed", *The Australian*, Surry Hills, New South Wales, AAP, 27 January 2013, retrieved 27 January 2013
* *Un avion transportant trois Canadiens est disparu en Antarctique* (in French), Société Radio-Canada, 23 January 2013, retrieved 23 January 2013
* *Wreckage of missing plane found, crash deemed 'not survivable'*, CTV News, 26 January 2013, retrieved 26 January 2013

## InfoBox

| Mount Elizabeth | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount ElizabethAntarctica | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,480 m (14,700 ft) |
| Prominence | 1,657 m (5,436 ft) |
| Listing | Ultra |
| Coordinates | 83°54′S 168°23′E / 83.900°S 168.383°E / -83.900; 168.383 (Mount Elizabeth) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Antarctica |


title: Nightbirds on Nantucket

abstract:
Nightbirds on Nantucket is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1966. Taking place in an alternate history, the story presents the further adventures of Dido Twite, an eleven-year-old Victorian tomboy, aboard a whaling ship and in Nantucket. The novel is the third in the Wolves Chronicles, a series of books set in a fictional 19th century in which the Stuart kings were never ousted by William of Orange; a key plot driver is the efforts of "Hanoverians" to overthrow "King James III" and his heirs. Nightbirds on Nantucket is the second novel to feature Dido Twite and the first in which she is the main character.
The UK editions and their covers were initially illustrated by Pat Marriott, whose moody pen and ink drawings were used for most of the Wolves Chronicles, and several other Joan Aiken books.

text:
# Nightbirds on Nantucket

***Nightbirds on Nantucket*** is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1966. Taking place in an alternate history, the story presents the further adventures of Dido Twite, an eleven-year-old Victorian tomboy, aboard a whaling ship and in Nantucket.

The novel is the third in the *Wolves Chronicles*, a series of books set in a fictional 19th century in which the Stuart kings were never ousted by William of Orange; a key plot driver (from *Black Hearts in Battersea*) is the efforts of "Hanoverians" to overthrow "King James III" and his heirs. *Nightbirds on Nantucket* is the second novel to feature Dido Twite and the first in which she is the main character. The UK editions and their covers were initially illustrated by Pat Marriott, whose moody pen and ink drawings were used for most of the Wolves Chronicles, and several other Joan Aiken books.

## Plot

Dido Twite awakens aboard the whaling ship *The Sarah Casket*, where she has been cared for in a coma by Nate Pardon, a young sailor who found her adrift in the Atlantic Ocean after the adventures of *Black Hearts in Battersea*. Dido is induced by the ship's captain to look after his daughter, Dutiful Penitence Casket, a neurotic eight-year-old who is travelling aboard the whaler. After drawing the girl out of her shell, Dido agrees to stay briefly on Nantucket to help "Pen's" transition to life with her Aunt Tribulation, who is to look after Pen while her father pursues his obsession, a mysterious pink whale. Dido is discomfited to find that Aunt Tribulation is apparently a demanding invalid, and Dido's plan to leave and take ship to London are further delayed when Nate brings Captain Casket to the house; when approaching the pink whale in a longboat, "Rosie Lee" sank it, and the injured captain is only semi-conscious.

While exploring the surrounding countryside, Dido encounters a mysterious but comic foreigner, who proves to be sighting a gigantic cannon intended to assassinate King James III by blowing up the royal palace; Mr. Slighcarp, the Sarah Casket's first mate, is part of the plot together with his sister Letitia, the villainess of *The Wolves of Willoughby Chase*. Disbelieved by the other adults, Dido and Pen, with the help of Nate, attempt to disable the cannon, whose recoil would send the island of Nantucket crashing into New York City.

## Characters

* Dido Twite, the protagonist of the novel
* Jabez Casket, the captain of *The Sarah Casket*
* Dutiful Penitence Casket, daughter of Captain Casket
* Tribulation Turvey, the sister of Captain Casket and Pen's aunt
* Miss Letitia Slighcarp, formerly the governess of Bonnie and Sylvia Green in *The Wolves of Willoughby Chase*; an activist of the Hanoverian cause
* Mr. Slighcarp, first mate of *The Sarah Casket* and Letitia Slighcarp's brother
* Nathaniel Pardon, a seaman of *The Sarah Casket*, rescuer of Dido
* Doktor Axeltree Breadno, a European gunnery expert

*Nightbirds on Nantucket* on Open Library at the Internet Archive

## InfoBox

Nightbirds on Nantucket
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Joan Aiken |
| Illustrator | Robin Jacques, Pat Marriott (UK Editions) |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Alternate history, children's novel |
| Publisher | Jonathan Cape |
| Publication date | 1966 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 272 |
| ISBN | 0-224-01924-4 |
| Preceded by | *Black Hearts in Battersea* |
| Followed by | *The Stolen Lake* |


title: NGC 152

abstract: NGC 152 is an open cluster in the constellation Tucana. It was discovered by John Herschel on September 20, 1835. It is located within the Small Magellanic Cloud. NGC 152 is about 1.40 billion years old. Its estimated mass is 2.5×10⁴ M☉, and its total luminosity is 8.0×10⁴ L☉, leading to a mass-to-luminosity ratio of 0.31 M☉/L☉. All else equal, older star clusters have a lower luminosity for the same mass; that is, their mass-to-luminosity ratios are higher.

text:
# NGC 152

**NGC 152** is an open cluster in the constellation Tucana. It was discovered by John Herschel on September 20, 1835. It is located within the Small Magellanic Cloud.

NGC 152 is about 1.40 billion years old. Its estimated mass is 2.5×104 , and its total luminosity is 8.0×104 , leading to a mass-to-luminosity ratio of 0.31 M/L. All else equal, older star clusters have a lower luminosity for the same mass; that is, their mass-to-luminosity ratios are higher.

* Media related to NGC 152 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| NGC 152 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 152 as seen from the Hubble Space Telescope | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Right ascension | 00h 32m 56.26s |
| Declination | −73° 06 56.6 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.26 |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 3.00 × 3.00 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mass | 2.5×104 |
| Estimated age | 1.40±0.20 Gyr |
| Other designations | ESO 28-24 |
| Associations | |
| Constellation | Tucana |
|


title: Jamestown (horse)

abstract: Jamestown (1928–1953) was an American champion Thoroughbred racehorse. He was bred and raced by George D. Widener Jr., an Exemplar of Racing described by the Sarasota Herald-Tribune newspaper as "one of thoroughbred racing's most respected horsemen."

text:
# Jamestown (horse)

**Jamestown** (1928–1953) was an American champion Thoroughbred racehorse. He was bred and raced by George D. Widener Jr., an Exemplar of Racing described by the *Sarasota Herald-Tribune* newspaper as "one of thoroughbred racing's most respected horsemen."

## Background

The Kentucky-bred Jamestown's name and image were used to promote Park & Tilford whiskey, which used the slogan: *Proof of Kentucky bred quality!* His sire was St. James, the 1923 retrospective American Co-Champion Two-Year-Old Colt. Jamestown was out of the mare Mlle. Dazie. His damsire was U. S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Fair Play, who also sired Man o' War.

Conditioned for racing by future U. S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer Jack Joyner, Jamestown raced against very strong opponents in 1930 and 1931 when he was part of what the *Chicago Tribune* newspaper called the "big four" in racing, which included Twenty Grand, Mate, and Equipoise.

## Racing career

As a two-year-old, Jamestown won five important races, capping off 1930 with a win in the most prestigious race in the United States for two-year-olds, the Belmont Futurity Stakes. At a time when there was no official voting for annual racing Champions, Jamestown was recognized in the industry as the American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt. Although Jamestown twice defeated Equipoise, he shared the 1930 retrospective honors as listed by *The Blood-Horse magazine and* Thoroughbred Heritage*.*

Injured, Jamestown did not start again until May 27 of 1931, when the then three-year-old won the Tournament Handicap at Belmont Park.  Three days later, the colt won the Withers Stakes at Belmont Park, and on June 9 at the same track won the Colin Purse.  Four days after that, Jamestown raced again, finishing third to winner Twenty Grand in the Belmont Stakes. After running third in the June 25th Shelvin Stakes against inferior competition, Jamestown was rested  and did not race again in 1931.

Racing as a four-year-old in 1932, on July 1 Jamestown ran second to Equipoise in world record time in the Delavan Handicap at Chicago's Arlington Park. Jack Joyner retired at the end of 1932, and assistant trainer Bert Mulholland took over as head trainer of the Widener stable. For Mulholland, the five-year-old Jamestown won the Capitol Handicap at Laurel Park Racecourse in Maryland.

## Stud record

Jamestown was retired to stud duty for the 1934 season at his owner's Erdenheim Farm in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, but the following year Widener relocated him to his Old Kenney Farm in Lexington, Kentucky.

Overall, Jamestown met with reasonable success as a stallion, siring eighteen stakes race winners. Among his progeny were:

| Foaled | Name | Sex | Major Wins/Achievements |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1934 | Smart Sheila | Mare | Fair Grounds Dinner Stakes |
| 1936 | Johnstown | Stallion | Kentucky Derby (1939), Belmont Stakes (1939) |
| 1937 | Rosetown | Mare |  |
| 1943 | Natchez | Stallion | Travers Stakes |
|

Through his daughter, Smart Sheila, Jamestown was also the damsire of Sheilas Reward, back-to-back winner of American Champion Sprint Horse honors in 1950 and 1951.

Jamestown died at age twenty-five in 1953 and is buried in the Old Kenney Farm's equine cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Jamestown | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | St. James |
| Grandsire | Ambassador |
| Dam | Mlle. Dazie |
| Damsire | Fair Play |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1928 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Bay |
| Owner | George D. Widener Jr. |
| Trainer | 1) A. Jack Joyner
2) Bert Mulholland (1933) |
| Record | 19: 12 ?-? |
| Earnings | US$189,685 |
| Major wins | |
| Flash Stakes (1930)
United States Hotel Stakes (1930)
Saratoga Special Stakes (1930)
Grand Union Hotel Stakes (1930)
Tournament Handicap (1931)
Withers Stakes (1931)
Colin Purse (1931)
Capitol Handicap (1933) | |
| Awards | |
| American Co-Champion Two-Year-Old Colt (1930) | |
| Last updated on January 20, 2010 | |


title: Nectandra coeloclada

abstract: Nectandra coeloclada is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Nectandra coeloclada

***Nectandra coeloclada*** is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## InfoBox

| *Nectandra coeloclada* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | *Nectandra* |
| Species: | ***N. coeloclada*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nectandra coeloclada***
Rohwer | |
|


title: Kozlu, Kağızman

abstract: Kozlu is a village in the Kağızman District of Kars Province, Turkey. The village is located 65 km from the city center of Kars and 22 km from the district center of Kağızman.

text:
# Kozlu, Kağızman

**Kozlu** is a village in the Kağızman District of Kars Province, Turkey. The village is located 65 km from the city center of Kars and 22 km from the district center of Kağızman.

## History

Kozlu has been known by its current name since 1928.

## Population

The village had 249 Turkish residents in 1886.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | 580 |  |
| 1990 | 581 | +0.03% |
| 1997 | 523 | −1.49% |
| 2007 | 505 | −0.35% |
| 2012 | 516 | +0.43% |
| 2017 | 390 | −5.45% |
| 2023 | 292 | −4.71% |
| Source: Population censuses (1985-1997) and TÜİK (2007-2023) | | |

## InfoBox

| Kozlu | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| KozluLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°11′14″N 42°56′54″E / 40.18722°N 42.94833°E / 40.18722; 42.94833 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kars |
| District | Kağızman |
| Elevation | 2,044 m (6,706 ft) |
| Population (2023) | 292 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 36700 |
| Area code | 0474 |


title: Through the Neighbor's Window

abstract: Through the Neighbor's Window is a 1913 American silent short comedy film directed by Edward Coxen starring Charlotte Burton, Edith Borella, Jean Durrell, Robert Grey and Billie West.

text:
# Through the Neighbor's Window

***Through the Neighbor's Window*** is a 1913 American silent short comedy film directed by Edward Coxen starring Charlotte Burton, Edith Borella, Jean Durrell, Robert Grey and Billie West.

## InfoBox

| Through the Neighbor's Window | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Edward Coxen |
| Starring | Charlotte Burton
Edith Borella
Jean Durrell
Robert Grey
Billie West |
| Distributed by | Mutual Film |
| Release date | * September 11, 1913 (1913-09-11) |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Hokkaido Bank

abstract: Hokkaido Bank is a Japanese bank that is headquartered in Sapporo, Hokkaidō. The Hokkaido Bank is a subsidiary of the Hokuhoku Financial Group as a result of a merger with the Hokuriku Bank on September 1, 2004. The Hokkaido Bank has 134 domestic branches, with 131 of them in Hokkaidō, and one each in the Tohoku region, Tokyo, and Osaka.

text:
# Hokkaido Bank

**Hokkaido Bank** (北海道銀行, *Hokkaidō Ginkō*) is a Japanese bank that is headquartered in Sapporo, Hokkaidō. The Hokkaido Bank is a subsidiary of the Hokuhoku Financial Group as a result of a merger with the Hokuriku Bank on September 1, 2004. The Hokkaido Bank has 134 domestic branches, with 131 of them in Hokkaidō, and one each in the Tohoku region, Tokyo, and Osaka.

## History

The Hokkaido Bank was established on March 5, 1951 in Sapporo. In 1997, Hokkaido Bank entered into merger talks with the embattled Hokkaido Takushoku Bank. However, these talks broke off and Hokkaido Takushoku Bank subsequently entered bankruptcy. On May 24, 2002, Hokkaido Bank and Hokuriku Bank agreed to business tie-ups. Approximately one year later on May 23, 2003, the banks agreed to merge management. On September 1, 2004, both banks became subsidiaries of the Hokuhoku Financial Group.

## InfoBox

Hokkaido Bank
|
|  |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | March 5, 1951 (1951-03-05) |
| Headquarters | Sapporo, Japan |
| Number of locations | 134 branches (2005) |
| Area served | Hokkaidō |
| Key people | Yuji Kanema (President) |
| Total assets | 33.8 trillion (approximately US$30.7 billion) (2005) |
| Number of employees | 1,902 (2005) |
| Parent | Hokuhoku Financial Group |
| Website | www.hokkaidobank.co.jp |


title: Tract (liturgy)

abstract: The tract is part of the proper of the Christian liturgical celebration of the Eucharist, used instead of the Alleluia in Lent or Septuagesima, in a Requiem Mass, and other penitential occasions, when the joyousness of an Alleluia is deemed inappropriate. Tracts are not, however, necessarily sorrowful. The name apparently derives from either the drawn-out style of singing or the continuous structure without a refrain. There is evidence, however, that the earliest performances were sung responsorially, and it is probable that these were dropped at an early stage. In their final form, tracts are a series of psalm verses; rarely a complete psalm, but all the verses are from the same psalm. They are restricted to only two modes, the second and the eighth. The melodies follow centonization patterns more strongly than anywhere else in the repertoire; a typical tract is almost exclusively a succession of such formulas. The cadences are nearly always elaborate melismas. Tracts with multiple verses are some of the longest chants in the Liber Usualis.

text:
# Tract (liturgy)

The **tract** (Latin: **tractus**) is part of the proper of the Christian liturgical celebration of the Eucharist, used instead of the Alleluia in Lent or Septuagesima, in a Requiem Mass, and other penitential occasions, when the joyousness of an Alleluia is deemed inappropriate. Tracts are not, however, necessarily sorrowful.

The name apparently derives from either the drawn-out style of singing or the continuous structure without a refrain. There is evidence, however, that the earliest performances were sung responsorially, and it is probable that these were dropped at an early stage.

In their final form, tracts are a series of psalm verses; rarely a complete psalm, but all the verses are from the same psalm. They are restricted to only two modes, the second and the eighth. The melodies follow centonization patterns more strongly than anywhere else in the repertoire; a typical tract is almost exclusively a succession of such formulas. The cadences are nearly always elaborate melismas. Tracts with multiple verses are some of the longest chants in the *Liber Usualis*.

* Hoppin, Richard. *Medieval Music.* New York: Norton, 1978. Pages 129-130.


title: Graticula

abstract: Graticula, formerly incorrectly named Craticula, is a genus of Palaeozoic coralline alga. They form the framework of reef rocks in the Silurian of Gotland, from the Högklint, Slite and Halla groups. The Graticulaceae closely resemble the Cretaceous Solenoporaceae, and are only really differentiated by their stratigraphic position. Graticula mineralized with calcite.

text:
# Graticula

***Graticula***, formerly incorrectly named *Craticula*, is a genus of Palaeozoic coralline alga. They form the framework of reef rocks in the Silurian of Gotland, from the Högklint, Slite and Halla groups.

The Graticulaceae closely resemble the Cretaceous Solenoporaceae, and are only really differentiated by their stratigraphic position.

*Graticula* mineralized with calcite.

## InfoBox

| *Graticula*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Archaeplastida |
| Division: | Rhodophyta |
| Class: | Florideophyceae |
| *Stem group*: | Corallinales |
| Family: | Graticulaceae |
| Genus: | *Graticula*
Brooke & Riding, 1998 |
|
| Species | |
| * ***G. gotlandica***  (Rothpletz 1908) | |
| Synonyms | |
| * Craticula Brooke & Riding * *Solenopora gotlandica* Rothpletz 1908 * *Solenopora gracilis* Garwood & Goodyear | |


title: Nightbooks

abstract: Nightbooks is a 2021 American dark fantasy film directed by David Yarovesky and written by Mikki Daughtry and Tobias Iaconis. It is based on the 2018 horror-fantasy children's book of the same name by J. A. White. The film stars Winslow Fegley, Lidya Jewett, and Krysten Ritter. Nightbooks was released on September 15, 2021, by Netflix.

text:
# Nightbooks

***Nightbooks*** is a 2021 American dark fantasy film directed by David Yarovesky and written by Mikki Daughtry and Tobias Iaconis. It is based on the 2018 horror-fantasy children's book of the same name by J. A. White. The film stars Winslow Fegley, Lidya Jewett, and Krysten Ritter.

*Nightbooks* was released on September 15, 2021, by Netflix.

## Plot

Alex Mosher, a young boy from Brooklyn, New York, overhears his parents talking about how worried they are about his preoccupation with writing scary stories and their fear of how he will react to a recent incident. Screaming in pain, Alex trashes his room, grabs his "Night books" and takes the elevator to the basement, planning to burn them in the furnace.

The elevator suddenly stops— and stays—on a dark floor where an apartment's open door reveals a TV showing Alex's favorite show "The Lost Boys". He enters and sees a piece of pumpkin pie that was not touched. This made him eat the pie and pass out, making the door and television vanish.

He awakens to find himself in the magical apartment of a beautiful witch named Natacha who shows him a closet full of clothes belonging to children who were "not useful to her". Alex denies having any unique qualities but when he shows her his books, she demands that he read a new story to her each night, or die. She puts him to work alongside the housekeeper, a girl named Yasmin, who was lured into the apartment in Washington, D.C. The apartment moves around the world, seeking victims. The doors respond only to Natacha's keys. Her ill-tempered, sometimes-invisible cat, Lenore, spies on them.

Natacha demands that Alex's stories end unhappily. If not, the apartment shakes. She repeatedly asks why he wanted to burn his writings, but he manages to distract her. Searching her vast library for inspiration, Alex finds notes in the margins of books detailing the escape plans of a trapped girl. She writes about her treasured unicorn necklace, so he dubs her "Unicorn Girl".

Yasmin and Alex bond, and they eventually win Lenore's trust. Yasmin tearfully reveals she was afraid to befriend him because Natacha killed the others by transforming them into little figurines, now displayed in Natacha's cabinet. None has a unicorn necklace; Alex concludes that Unicorn Girl escaped. Her notes contain a recipe for a sleeping potion. Lenore slips it into Natacha's perfume bottle. When she falls asleep, they steal her keys and open the door, revealing a forest. They soon realize they are still inside the apartment.

An evil unicorn drives them to a gingerbread cottage that mesmerizes Yasmin. They eat the gingerbread and fall unconscious. Alex wakes to find Yasmin and Lenore caged in a room lined with countless skulls. Blue mist is being siphoned from a coffin containing a witchlike figure. Natacha reveals that she was the Unicorn Girl, who after successfully escaping the original witch—who ate all her victims except Natacha—, was able to put her to sleep and returned to her home, only to find that her parents had moved away. With nowhere to go, she returned, studied witchcraft, and eventually lulled the witch into a deep sleep, using scary stories due to her immense love for them. Alex has been helping her keep the witch unconscious with his own scary stories while Natacha harvests her magic. The room shakes. They will all die if the witch wakes. Alex's fear of telling his truth makes it the ultimate scary story. He begins:

Alex is used to being called names, but on his birthday, his supposed best friend, Josh, admits that Alex is too "weird". Everyone is going to Cody's party instead. Alex's parents are distressed when no one comes to Alex's. "They made him hate himself," and Alex, ashamed and hurt, resolves to hide what made him special. Natacha and the sleeping witch are mollified, but suddenly Alex says that he is glad he was kidnapped because he met Yasmin and Lenore, friends who value him.

The happy ending wakes the hideous witch. While the witches battle, Yasmin grabs Natacha's perfume bottle and flees with Alex and Lenore. The front door opens into Alex's building. The ravenous witch pursues them to the basement. Alex distracts her by pretending to read a story, then pauses on a cliffhanger and throws the empty notebook into the furnace. The witch reaches for it. They push her in and hold the door shut while she melts.

Alex introduces Yasmin and Lenore to his delighted parents as his best friends. Yasmin is reunited with her family. On a later visit, she gives Alex a beautiful leather-bound notebook signed "Stay weird storyteller. Yas."

Meanwhile, a figurine in Natacha's cabinet begin to crackle. Natacha's hand slams down, and we hear her laughter.

## Cast

* Winslow Fegley as Alex, a young boy with a penchant for scary stories who plots to escape the clutches of an evil witch.
* Lidya Jewett as Yasmin, a girl who was trapped and lured in by a witch years ago and is forced to be her housemaid until Alex enters her life.
* Krysten Ritter as Natacha, a witch who kidnaps children and is the captor of Alex and Yasmin.

## Production

In June 2019, it was announced that Netflix was developing an adaptation of *Nightbooks*, with Mikki Daughtry and Tobias Iaconis writing the script. In October 2020, it was announced that Krysten Ritter, Winslow Fegley and Lidya Jewett would star in the film and that David Yarovesky would direct. The film was produced by Sam Raimi and Romel Adam through Ghost House Pictures, and by Mason Novick and Michelle Knudsen through MXN Entertainment.

Principal photography took place from October 14 to December 17, 2020, in Toronto.

## Release

The film was released on Netflix on September 15, 2021.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Its contents may be a bit busy and overly familiar, but *Nightbooks* offers a fun—and actually fairly scary—gateway to horror for younger viewers. " Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 65 out of 100 based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Meagan Navarro, writing for horror magazine *Bloody Disgusting*, gave the film three out of five stars, and specified that, "*Nightbooks* takes a while to warm up, but the back half brings the gateway horror fun," adding, "It's silly, whimsical, and creative, with a charming pair of leads. It's for the young and the young at heart, wrapping a very familiar tale in creative horror-fantasy packaging. Using *The Lost Boys*' song "Cry Little Sister" as a rallying anthem certainly helps."

## InfoBox

| Nightbooks | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Directed by | David Yarovesky |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Based on | *Nightbooks*
by J. A. White |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Robert McLachlan |
| Edited by | Peter Gvozdas |
| Music by | Michael Abels |
| Production
companies |  |
| Distributed by | Netflix |
| Release date | * September 15, 2021 (2021-09-15) |
| Running time | 103 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: NGC 1512

abstract: NGC 1512 is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 38 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Horologium. The galaxy displays a double ring structure, with a (nuclear) ring around the galactic nucleus and an (inner) further out in the main disk. The galaxy hosts an extended UV disc with at least 200 clusters with recent star formation activity. NGC 1512 is a member of the Dorado Group.

text:
# NGC 1512

**NGC 1512** is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 38 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Horologium. The galaxy displays a double ring structure, with a (nuclear) ring around the galactic nucleus and an (inner) further out in the main disk. The galaxy hosts an extended UV disc with at least 200 clusters with recent star formation activity. NGC 1512 is a member of the Dorado Group.

## Gravitational interaction with NGC 1510

Gravitational tidal forces of NGC 1512 are influencing nearby dwarf lenticular galaxy NGC 1510. The two galaxies are separated by only ~5 arcmin (13.8 kpc), and are in the process of a lengthy merger which has been going on for 400 million years. At the end of this process NGC 1512 will have cannibalised its smaller companion.

Interaction between these two galaxies has triggered star formation activity in the outskirts of the disc and enhanced the tidal distortion in the arms of the NGC 1512. The interaction seems to occur in the north-western areas of the system because of the broadening of the H i arm and the spread of the UV-rich star clusters in this region.

## InfoBox

| NGC 1512 | |
| --- | --- |
| The nuclear ring of NGC 1512 as imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
Credit: HST/NASA/ESA. | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Horologium |
| Right ascension | 04h 03m 54.3s |
| Declination | −43° 20 56 |
| Redshift | 898 ± 3 km/ |
| Distance | 11.6 Mpc (38 Mly) *h*1
0.73 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.1 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SB(r)ab |
| Apparent size (V) | 8.9 × 5.6 |
| Other designations | |
| PGC 14391 | |


title: James Watt, Jr

abstract: James Watt, Jr., FRS was a British engineer, businessman and activist.

text:
# James Watt, Jr

**James Watt, Jr.,** FRS (5 February 1769 – 2 June 1848) was a British engineer, businessman and activist.

## Early life

He was born on 5 February 1769, the son of James Watt by his first wife Margaret Miller, and half-brother of Gregory Watt. He was educated at Winson Green near Birmingham, by the Rev. Henry Pickering. His father was unable to find a better school, though dissatisfied with his son's progress.

At age 15 Watt spent a year at the Bersham Ironworks of John Wilkinson; and then went to Geneva. There he lodged with Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure, and knew Marc-Auguste Pictet and Jean-André Deluc. Subsequently, he studied German in Eisenach.

## In Manchester

In 1788 Watt returned to England and a position in the textile trade in Manchester. Initially he worked at Taylor & Maxwell, makers of fustian, where Charles Taylor was a partner. Watt worked there in the counting-house. He was then employed by the Manchester radical Thomas Walker, changing jobs just before the Priestley riots of July 1791.

The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society was just one of a number of intellectual groups in Manchester at that period: Walker, Watt, Thomas Cooper and Samuel Jackson were leaders in the discussion of liberal reform and the views of Adam Smith. Watt became secretary of the Society in 1790, with John Ferriar. At this point Watt's interests were rather broad: Jacob Joseph Winterl the Hungarian chemist, Christoph Meiners, the *Dictionary of Chemistry* started by James Keir.

It was through Cooper that Watt joined the Constitutional Society, and then went to work for Richard & Thomas Walker. Cooper, Jackson and Walker were radicals and abolitionists, prominent in founding the Manchester Constitutional Society in 1790. The whole radical group resigned *en masse*, in 1791, when the Literary and Philosophical Society refused to send a message of sympathy to Joseph Priestley, driven from his home in the riots.

## In France

Watt went to Paris on a sales trip in France with Cooper in March 1792, at the time of the French Revolution. In April they conveyed to the Jacobin Club a greeting from the Manchester Constitutional Club. There was a reply of 13 April, from Jean-Louis Carra. Almost immediately Watt was denounced in the British parliament, with Cooper and Walker, by Edmund Burke. His name became coupled with Joseph Priestley's. His activities in France, including taking part in pro-Jacobin demonstrations, would later complicate his return to Britain.

In Paris Watt used letters of introduction from Priestley. He met the chemists Antoine Lavoisier and Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy in particular, though the talk was all of politics. He encountered also William Wordsworth, who became a friend. Over the summer he had business discussions with Jean-Marie Roland, vicomte de la Platière. Tom Wedgwood came to visit.

At first Watt was in favour with the revolutionary leaders, and defended the September massacres. Later in 1792 Cooper and Watt became suspect as supporters of Jacques Pierre Brissot, and left for Italy. Watt remained in self-imposed exile, with a well-founded fear of legal procedures that might be taken against him. When prosecutions against Walker and Jackson failed, early in 1794, the shadow lifted, with high-level intervention by Matthew Boulton and a tacit agreement to curb his political activism probably assisting Watt's return.

## Later life

Returning to England in 1794, Watt gave up on plans of emigration to America: they had been very real in 1793, when Cooper was preparing to go, and Priestley was still encouraging him late in the following year. At that point Watt was watching closely the treason trials, in particular that of Thomas Hardy, about which he corresponded with Thomas Beddoes. Thomas Walker took heart from Hardy's acquittal by a jury, and felt able to speak out once more against the government.

Instead of leaving, Watt became a partner in the Soho Foundry firm of Boulton & Watt. Over time, he shared responsibility with Matthew Robinson Boulton for its management. Watt took on the daily operations and organisation of the Foundry, with Boulton being more concerned with planning. One problem was breaking into the steam engine market of the industrial north: Peter Ewart and Isaac Perrins had been tried as representatives, before the more satisfactory James Lawson was found. The younger generation of Watt and Boulton by the later 1790s had become serious adversaries of those firms who had reacted by infringing the company's patents in the north of England.

Like others in his firm and family, Watt gave enthusiastic support to the Pneumatic Institution of Beddoes. He circulated German contacts, Lorenz von Crell. and Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren, about it. Some years later, Boulton & Watt were able to sell gases to an industrial market, rather than for medical purposes.

Watt later gave some technical assistance to Robert Fulton, providing in 1807 for Fulton the engine for *North River Steamboat*, which was the first steamboat to run on the Hudson River. Becoming more seriously interested in marine engines, he bought in 1817 the *Caledonia* of 102 tons, fitted her out with new engines, and went in her to Holland and up the River Rhine to Coblenz, the first steamship to leave an English port. On his return he made major improvements in marine steam engines.

Watt moved into Aston Hall, Warwickshire, in 1817 and was appointed High Sheriff of Warwickshire for 1829–30. After his father's death in 1819, Watt became a concerned guardian of his memory and reputation. He became controlling of biographical references, where they suggested Watt senior had depended on the help of others, and of Henry Brougham's epitaph for Francis Chantrey's memorial in Westminster Abbey. He was also assertive on behalf of his father's priority claim on the chemical composition of water, over that of Henry Cavendish. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1820.

Watt died unmarried, at Aston Hall, on 2 June 1848. An Australian author claims that he fathered seven children with a Margaret Redfern, but birth and death records show that she lived in Belfast, and her husband was an Andrew Watt. She was the sister of William Redfern, and mother of William Redfern Watt.

* Jenny Graham (2000). *The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789–1799 (two volumes)*. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-1484-9.
* A. E. Musson and E. Robinson, *The Early Growth of Steam Power*, The Economic History Review New Series, Vol. 11, No. 3 (1959), pp. 418–439. Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Economic History Society. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2591464
* Eric Robinson, *An English Jacobin: James Watt, Junior, 1769–1848*, Cambridge Historical Journal Vol. 11, No. 3 (1955), pp. 349–355. Published by: Cambridge University Press. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3021128
* Williams, Robert (1995), *Accounting for steam: The accounts of the Soho factory*, Accounting & Finance Working Papers, vol. 95/14, Wollongong, NSW: University of Wollongong, retrieved 16 September 2012

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Watt, James (1736-1819)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 60. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

## InfoBox

| James Watt, Jr.FRS | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 5 February 1769 |
| Died | 2 June 1848(1848-06-02) (aged 79)<br>Aston Hall, Warwickshire |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupations | * Engineer * Businessman * Activist |
| Years active | 45 |


title: Henry "Rufe" Johnson

abstract: Henry "Rufe" Johnson, was an American Piedmont blues guitarist, harmonica player, pianist, banjo player, singer and songwriter. On occasion he played slide guitar with a pocket knife. He finally found a larger audience with his 1973 album, The Union County Flash! His fame was short-lived, as he died months after its release.

text:
# Henry "Rufe" Johnson

**Henry "Rufe" Johnson** (October 2, 1908 – February 4, 1974), was an American Piedmont blues guitarist, harmonica player, pianist, banjo player, singer and songwriter. On occasion he played slide guitar with a pocket knife. He finally found a larger audience with his 1973 album, *The Union County Flash!* His fame was short-lived, as he died months after its release.

## Life and career

Johnson was born in the small settlement of Bogansville, near to the towns of Union and Jonesville, South Carolina. His elder brother, Roosevelt, taught Johnson the rudiments of guitar playing, and he was further instructed by his cousin Thelmon Johnson. His childhood nickname, Rufe, which stayed with him throughout his life, was a shortening of *Rooster*. He learned to play in standard tuning and mainly played gospel songs, but his family's record collection also exposed him to secular music, such as that of Blind Lemon Jefferson, Blind Blake and later Blind Boy Fuller. He also got the opportunity to play alongside several white musicians. He expanded his repertoire in 1933, when he taught himself to play the piano, and he played at a local church for several years. Johnson performed with two vocal groups, the West Spring Friendly Four and the Silver Star Quartet, which were broadcast on the radio stations WPSA and WBSU, respectively.

In 1952, he moved from working on a farm to a hospital job, while also making a gradual transition to playing more secular material, on a part-time basis. Discovered by blues historians, Johnson started to give solo concerts, performed on the radio, and joined up musically with his childhood friend Peg Leg Sam.

Following recording sessions in November and December 1972, his album *The Union County Flash!* was issued by Trix Records in 1973. He also provided guitar and vocals, along with Baby Tate, for a couple of tracks on Peg Leg Sam's album *Medicine Show Man*, released in the same year.

Johnson died of kidney failure in Union, South Carolina, on February 4, 1974, age 65.

## Discography

### CD albums

| Year | Title | Record label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | *The Union County Flash!* | Trix Records |

## InfoBox

| Henry "Rufe" Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Henry Johnson |
| Also known as | Rooster, Rufe |
| Born | (1908-10-02)October 2, 1908
Bogansville, South Carolina, United States |
| Died | February 4, 1974(1974-02-04) (aged 65)
Union, South Carolina, United States |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer * guitarist * pianist * banjo player * harmonica player * songwriter |
| Instruments | * Guitar * piano * harmonica * banjo * human voice |
| Years active | 1930s–1974 |
| Labels |  |


title: Thujopsene synthase

abstract:
Thujopsene synthase is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate ⇌ (+)-thujopsene + diphosphate The recombinant enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana produces (+)-α-barbatene, (+)-thujopsene and (+)-β-chamigrene.

text:
# Thujopsene synthase

**Thujopsene synthase** (EC 4.2.3.79) is an enzyme with systematic name **(2*E*,6*E*)-farnesyl diphosphate lyase (cyclizing, (+)-thujopsene-forming)**. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(2*E*,6*E*)-farnesyl diphosphate $\rightleftharpoons $ (+)-thujopsene \+ diphosphate

The recombinant enzyme from the plant *Arabidopsis thaliana* produces (+)-α-barbatene, (+)-thujopsene and (+)-β-chamigrene.

## InfoBox

| Thujopsene synthase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 4.2.3.79 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Pristimantis cerasinus

abstract:
Pristimantis cerasinus, also known as Limon robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama from sea level to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) asl.
Its natural habitats are humid lowland and montane forests. It can sometimes occur on small coffee farms. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Pristimantis cerasinus

***Pristimantis cerasinus***, also known as **Limon robber frog**, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama from sea level to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) asl. Its natural habitats are humid lowland and montane forests. It can sometimes occur on small coffee farms. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Pristimantis cerasinus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Strabomantidae |
| Genus: | *Pristimantis* |
| Species: | ***P. cerasinus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pristimantis cerasinus***
(Cope, 1875) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eleutherodactylus cerasinus* Cope, 1875 * *Eleutherodactylus operosus* Savage, McCranie & Wilson, 1999 * *Eleutherodactylus peraltae* Barbour, 1928 * *Eleutherodactylus tiptoni* Lynch, 1964 | |


title: Gayraud Wilmore

abstract: Gayraud Stephen Wilmore Jr. was an American writer, historian, ethicist, educator, and theologian, known for his role in the Civil Rights Movement and his scholarship related to the history of the African-American church and the history of African-American religious experience, as well as his contributions to black theology.

text:
# Gayraud Wilmore

**Gayraud Stephen Wilmore Jr.** (December 20, 1921 – April 18, 2020) was an American writer, historian, ethicist, educator, and theologian, known for his role in the Civil Rights Movement and his scholarship related to the history of the African-American church and the history of African-American religious experience, as well as his contributions to black theology.

## Early life and army service

Wilmore was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a mother who was a domestic worker and a father who was an office clerk. His father, a World War I veteran, founded the first Black American Legion Post in the state of Pennsylvania.

In high school, Wilmore was active in drama club, wrote for the school newspaper, and briefly joined the Young Communist League before graduating in 1938.

After high school, he enrolled at Lincoln University, but was soon drafted into the United States Army. As a Buffalo Soldier, he served with the all-black 92nd Infantry division in Italy.

After returning to the United States, he completed his studies at Lincoln University, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1947.

## Ministry and academic career

Wilmore completed a Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1950, also at Lincoln University. Soon after graduation he was ordained by the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and appointed pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in West Chester, Pennsylvania. He would serve that congregation for three years. During his time in West Chester he helped integrate the local school system, with one of his sons becoming the first black student to attend an all-white school.

He began his first serious work related to civil rights when he was appointed to the PCUSA's Board of Christian Education's Department of Social Education and Action. He became an associate executive on the board, holding the position for five years. Wilmore then became a member of the faculty of Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, where he worked from 1959 to 1963 as assistant professor of social ethics. In 1963, when the 175th General Assembly of the UPCUSA convened, it created the Commission on Religion and Race, naming Wilmore as its executive director. During his time as executive director, Wilmore oversaw several racial justice initiatives, organized protests, and trained ministers to participate in boycotts. He served as executive director from 1962 until 1972.

Upon his retirement from the commission, he joined the faculty at Boston University School of Theology, teaching social ethics there from 1972 until 1974. He then taught at Colgate Rochester Divinity School from 1974 until 1983, before joining New York Theological Seminary, where he served as dean of divinity until 1987. He moved again to teach church history at the Interdenominational Theological Center in Atlanta, Georgia, where he also became editor of the school's theology journal. He remained at the school for five years before joining the faculty of United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio, as an adjunct professor from 1995 until 1998.

He died on April 18, 2020, at the age of 98.

## Publications

Wilmore wrote or edited 16 books and is considered an internationally acclaimed scholar and theologian of the history of the African-American church and black theology. He was a contributing editor to *Christianity and Crisis.*

Among his more popular books are *Black Theology: A Documentary History, 1966–1979* (edited with James Hal Cone and published in 1979); *Black Religion and Black Radicalism: An Interpretation of the Religious History of African Americans*, the first edition of which was published in 1973; and *Pragmatic Spirituality*, published in 2004.


title: Gratidia gens

abstract: The gens Gratidia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Originally coming from Arpinum, members of this gens are known from the final century of the Republic.

text:
# Gratidia gens

The **gens Gratidia** was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Originally coming from Arpinum, members of this gens are known from the final century of the Republic.

## Members

*This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.* * Marcus Gratidius, the granduncle of Cicero. In 115 BC he proposed a *lex tabellaria* at Arpinum, which was opposed by his brother-in-law, Marcus Tullius Cicero, grandfather of the orator. In 102, he accompanied his friend, the orator Marcus Antonius, praetor in Cilicia, in his campaign against the pirates, and was slain in battle.
* Gratidia, a sister of Marcus Gratidius of Arpinum, married Marcus Tullius Cicero, grandfather of the orator.
* Gratidius, legate and probably nephew of Gaius Marius, was stoned to death at Nola in 88 BC while trying to take command of the consul Sulla's armies for the upcoming Mithridatic War.
* Marcus Gratidius M. f., son of Marcus Gratidius of Arpinum, was adopted by one of the Marii, probably a brother of Gaius Marius. As a speaker he was calm, capable, and popular, and was a good friend of his cousin, the young Cicero. Proscribed by Sulla, he was brutally slain by Catiline, who carried his head through the city.
* Gratidia M. f., possibly the sister of Gratidianus, who is thought by some scholars to have married Catiline, who would thus have been Gratidianus' brother-in-law. The historian Syme indicates that if this were so, "it can be taken that Catilina promptly discarded her."
* Marcus Gratidius, possibly a grandson of Marcus Gratidius, was legate of Quintus Tullius Cicero during his administration of Asia, from 61 to 59 BC.
* Gratidius, mentioned by Cicero as one of the tribunes of the plebs in BC 57, could perhaps be the same Marcus Gratidius who had previously served under Quintus Cicero, but is probably an error, instead referring to Quintus Fabricius.

## Footnotes

1. *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*, vol. II, p. 303 ("Gratidius").
2. *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities*, p. 1091 ("Tabellariae Leges").
3. Cicero, *De Legibus*, iii. 16, 36; *Brutus*, 45, 168.
4. Drumann, *Geschichte Roms*, vol. I, p. 61.
5. Broughton, vol. I, pp. 568, 569.
6. Cicero, *De Legibus*, iii. 16.
7. Valerius Maximus, ix. 7. § 1.
8. Orosius, v. 19. § 4.
9. Plutarch, "The Life of Sulla", 8, 9.
10. Syme, *Approaching the Roman Revolution*, p. 137.
11. Cicero, *Brutus*, 62; *De Legibus*, iii. 16; *De Officiis*, iii. 16, 20; *De Oratore*, i. 39, ii. 65.
12. Asconius, *Cicero's In Toga Candida*, p. 84 (ed. Orelli).
13. Quintus Cicero, *De Petitione Consulatus*, 3.
14. Seneca, *De Ira*, 3.
15. Pliny, xxxiii. 9.
16. Sallust, *Historiae*, fragmenta i. 37 and commentary (ed. Patrick McGushin, 1992).
17. Syme, *Sallust*, pp. 85, 86.
18. Cicero *Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem*, i. 4.

## Bibliography

* Marcus Tullius Cicero, *De Legibus, Brutus, De Officiis, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem*.
* Quintus Asconius Pedianus, *Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis In Toga Candida*.
* Quintus Tullius Cicero, *De Petitione Consulatus* (attributed).
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), *Historiae*.
* Valerius Maximus, *Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium* (Memorable Facts and Sayings).
* Lucius Annaeus Seneca, *De Ira* (On Anger).
* Gaius Plinius Secundus, *Historia Naturalis* (Natural History).
* Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Plutarch), *Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans*.
* Paulus Orosius, *Historiarum Adversum Paganos* (History Against the Pagans).
* Wilhelm Drumann, *Geschichte Roms in seinem Übergang von der republikanischen zur monarchischen Verfassung, oder: Pompeius, Caesar, Cicero und ihre Zeitgenossen* (History of Rome in its Transition from Republic to Empire, or Pompeius, Caesar, Cicero, and their Contemporaries), Königsberg (1834–1844).
* *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
* *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities*, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown, and Company, Boston (1859).
* T. Robert S. Broughton, *The Magistrates of the Roman Republic*, American Philological Association (1952).
* Ronald Syme, *Sallust*, University of California Press (1964, 2002).
* Ronald Syme, *Approaching the Roman Revolution: Papers on Republican History*, ed. Federico Santangelo, Oxford University Press (2016), ISBN 978-0-19-876706-0.


title: Hluboš

abstract: Hluboš is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

text:
# Hluboš

**Hluboš** is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The village of Kardavec is an administrative part of Hluboš.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the surname Hluboš.

## Geography

Hluboš is located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Příbram and 41 km (25 mi) southwest of Prague. It lies in the Brdy Highlands. The highest point is the hill Malý Chlum at 591 metres (1,939 ft) above sea level. The municipality is situated on the right bank of the Litavka river.

## History

The first written mention of Hluboš is from 1355. A wooden fortress was located here. The owners of Hluboš often changed and belonged to the lower nobility. In 1546, Petr Vamberský had rebuilt the fortress into a castle.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1869 1,082       1880 903 −16.5%  1890 851 −5.8%  1900 900 +5.8%  1910 930 +3.3% | Year Pop. ±%  1921 926 −0.4%  1930 854 −7.8%  1950 726 −15.0%  1961 656 −9.6%  1970 641 −2.3% | Year Pop. ±%  1980 561 −12.5%  1991 533 −5.0%  2001 512 −3.9%  2011 558 +9.0%  2021 649 +16.3% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The Hluboš Castle was rebuilt into the late Baroque form in the 18th century. In 1872, it was reconstructed and extended by the family of Oettingen-Wallerstein. The result of these modifications is the present appearance of the castle with many pseudo-Renaissance elements. In 1920 and 1921 it served as a summer residence of Czechoslovak president T. G. Masaryk.

The botanical garden at Hluboš Castle is one of the oldest in Central Europe. Through the Hluboš park, some trees from America and China appeared in the Czech Republic for the very first time. These were, for example, *Ginkgo biloba, Cedrus libani, Juniperus virginiana, Tsuga canadensis, Thuja* and *Taxus*.

Today the castle complex is privately owned and partially open to the public under certain conditions.

## InfoBox

| Hluboš | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Hluboš Castle | |
|  | |
| HlubošLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°44′47″N 14°1′13″E / 49.74639°N 14.02028°E / 49.74639; 14.02028 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Příbram |
| First mentioned | 1355 |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.07 km2 (4.66 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 475 m (1,558 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 673 |
| Density | 56/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 262 22 |
| Website | www.hlubos.eu |


title: NGC 1530

abstract: NGC 1530 is a barred spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. It was discovered by German astronomer W. Tempel in 1876. Danish astronomer J. L. E. Dreyer in 1888 described it only as large and pretty bright. NGC 1530 has an apparent visual magnitude of 12.3 and an angular size of 4.6′ × 2.4′. The plane of the galactic disk is inclined at an angle of 55° to the line of sight from the Earth. This galaxy is located at an estimated distance of 65 million light years, with a recessional velocity of 2,622 km/s relative to the Milky Way galaxy. It is a relatively isolated galaxy with its nearest neighbor being NGC 1530A at an angular separation of 19′. NGC 1530 has a morphological classification of type SB(rs)bc in the de Vaucouleurs system, which means it is a barred spiral galaxy (SB) with a transitional outer ring structure (rs) that joins somewhat loosely wound arms (bc). The bar structure in this galaxy is unusually large and strong, spanning an angular size of 100″. It includes a clumpy, star-forming nuclear ring structure with a radius of 21″. Star formation is particularly high in the nucleus region and at the ends of the bar, but weak in between these locations. This activity appears to be taking place primarily on the trailing side of the bar where gas pressure is highest. Two linear dust lanes are visible along the bar, which outline shock fronts in the flow of gas. Mass is flowing into the nuclear ring from the bar at the rate of one solar mass per year with infall velocities of up to 100 km/s. The central region has over 25% of the free gaseous hydrogen in the galaxy. There was some suggestion that the galaxy has a second, inner bar, but this instead appears to be an inner spiral structure. This spiral has one arm brighter than the other, appearing lopsided.

text:
# NGC 1530

**NGC 1530** is a barred spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. It was discovered by German astronomer W. Tempel in 1876. Danish astronomer J. L. E. Dreyer in 1888 described it only as large and pretty bright. NGC 1530 has an apparent visual magnitude of 12.3 and an angular size of 4.6 × 2.4. The plane of the galactic disk is inclined at an angle of 55° to the line of sight from the Earth. This galaxy is located at an estimated distance of 65 million light years, with a recessional velocity of 2,622 km/s relative to the Milky Way galaxy. It is a relatively isolated galaxy with its nearest neighbor being NGC 1530A at an angular separation of 19′.

NGC 1530 has a morphological classification of type SB(rs)bc in the de Vaucouleurs system, which means it is a barred spiral galaxy (SB) with a transitional outer ring structure (rs) that joins somewhat loosely wound arms (bc). The bar structure in this galaxy is unusually large and strong, spanning an angular size of 100. It includes a clumpy, star-forming nuclear ring structure with a radius of 21″. Star formation is particularly high in the nucleus region and at the ends of the bar, but weak in between these locations. This activity appears to be taking place primarily on the trailing side of the bar where gas pressure is highest. Two linear dust lanes are visible along the bar, which outline shock fronts in the flow of gas.

Mass is flowing into the nuclear ring from the bar at the rate of one solar mass per year with infall velocities of up to 100 km/s. The central region has over 25% of the free gaseous hydrogen in the galaxy. There was some suggestion that the galaxy has a second, inner bar, but this instead appears to be an inner spiral structure. This spiral has one arm brighter than the other, appearing lopsided.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| NGC 1530 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Camelopardalis |
| Right ascension | 04h 23m 27.102s |
| Declination | +75° 17 44.05 |
| Redshift | 0.008209±0.000013 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 2,459 km/s |
| Galactocentric velocity | 2,622 km/s |
| Distance | 65 Mly (19.9 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.3 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 13.40 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SB(rs)bc |
| Apparent size (V) | 4.6 × 2.4 |
| Other designations | |
| 2MASX J04232710+7517440, NGC 1530, UGC 3013, LEDA 15018, MCG +13-04-004 | |


title: Hodson Award

abstract: The Hodson Award is an American Bar Association award for extraordinary service by a government or public-sector legal office. The recipients are chosen from all offices, bureaus, and departments within the country and range in purpose and goal. The award is named in honor of the distinguished public service career of the late Major General Kenneth J. Hodson. He was a former member of the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the U.S. Army, and a founding member of The Government and Public Sector Lawyers Division.

text:
# Hodson Award

The **Hodson Award** is an American Bar Association award for extraordinary service by a government or public-sector legal office. The recipients are chosen from all offices, bureaus, and departments within the country and range in purpose and goal.

The award is named in honor of the distinguished public service career of the late Major General Kenneth J. Hodson. He was a former member of the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the U.S. Army, and a founding member of The Government and Public Sector Lawyers Division.

## Recipients

* 1993- Public Protection Division of the Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office
* 1994- American Law Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, and Legal Services of Eastern Missouri, Inc.
* 1995- International and Operational Law Division, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Department of the Army
* 1996- Office of the County Attorney, Broward County, FL
* 1997- Domestic Abuse Service Center of the Hennepin County Attorney’s Office, Minneapolis, MN
* 1998- Naval Legal Service Office Pacific and Office of the New York State Attorney General
* 1999- Office of the County Attorney, Montgomery County, MD
* 2000- First Infantry Division and Seventh Army Training Command’s Office of the Staff Judge Advocate, and Office of Criminal Enforcement, Antitrust Division, United States Department of Justice
* 2001- San Diego Public Defender's Office
* 2002- Center for Disability and Elder Law, Chicago, IL
* 2003- California's Administrative Office of the Courts' Center for Families, Children and the Courts, San Francisco, CA
* 2004- Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Law Department
* 2005- Legal Aid of the Bluegrass, Covington, KY
* 2006- Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office Juvenile Offender Intervention Network (J.O.I.N.)
* 2007- Community Legal Services, Inc., Philadelphia, PA
* 2008- Lawyers For Children, Inc., New York, NY
* 2009- Children's Law Center of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
* 2010- Legal Services Support Section, Combat Logistics Regiment-17, 1st Marine Logistics Group, and U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of General Counsel


title: Jamides phaseli

abstract: Jamides phaseli, the dark cerulean, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Gervase Frederick Mathew in 1889. It is found in north-eastern Australia, from Cape York to south-eastern Queensland, as well as in the Northern Territory. It is also present on the Torres Strait Islands.

text:
# Jamides phaseli

***Jamides phaseli***, the **dark cerulean**, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Gervase Frederick Mathew in 1889. It is found in north-eastern Australia, from Cape York to south-eastern Queensland, as well as in the Northern Territory. It is also present on the Torres Strait Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Jamides phaseli* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Jamides* |
| Species: | ***J. phaseli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Jamides phaseli***<br>(Mathew, 1889) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lampides phaseli* Mathew, 1889 * *Lycaena oranigra* Lucas, 1889 | |


title: Henry & Elizabeth Parker Chipman House

abstract: Henry & Elizabeth Parker Chipman House on E. 300 N. in American Fork, Utah was built in 1897. It has also been known as the James E. & Eliza C. Peters House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The listing included two contributing buildings. It includes Tudor Revival, Late Victorian, and English Cottage architecture. The Delbert and Ora Chipman House, also in American Fork, is also NRHP-listed.

text:
# Henry & Elizabeth Parker Chipman House

**Henry & Elizabeth Parker Chipman House** on E. 300 N. in American Fork, Utah was built in 1897. It has also been known as the **James E. & Eliza C. Peters House**. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The listing included two contributing buildings.

It includes Tudor Revival, Late Victorian, and English Cottage architecture.

The Delbert and Ora Chipman House, also in American Fork, is also NRHP-listed.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Henry & Elizabeth Parker Chipman House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 846 E. 300 N., American Fork, Utah |
| Coordinates | 40°22′58″N 111°46′33″W / 40.38278°N 111.77583°W / 40.38278; -111.77583 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1897 |
| Built by | Smith, William B. |
| Architectural style | Tudor Revival, Late Victorian, English Cottage |
| NRHP reference No. | 09001293 |
| Added to NRHP | February 1, 2010 |


title: Krumbad

abstract: Krumbad is a traditional spa in Swabia, Germany with over 600 years of tradition located at the foot of Alps.

text:
# Krumbad

**Krumbad** is a traditional spa in Swabia, Germany with over 600 years of tradition located at the foot of Alps.

## History

Hiltipold von Krumbenbach built a castle in 1145 on the mountain of today's Krumbades and named it after his name "Hiltipoldsburg", in the folk music "Hilpelsberg". Hiltipoldsburg and Hürben (now the eastern part of Krumbach) came to the knights of Ellerbach some time later, who also brought Krumbach to themselves.

## InfoBox

Krumbad
| Native name | Heilbad Krumbad GMBH |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Spa |
| Founded | 1418 |
| Headquarters | Bischof-Sproll-Strasse 1, 86381 Krumbad, Germany |
| Website | www.krumbad.de |


title: Pristimantis caprifer

abstract:
Pristimantis caprifer is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Pristimantis caprifer

***Pristimantis caprifer*** is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Pristimantis caprifer* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Strabomantidae |
| Genus: | *Pristimantis* |
| Species: | ***P. caprifer*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pristimantis caprifer***
(Lynch, 1977) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eleutherodactylus caprifer* Lynch, 1977 | |


abstract: The Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance, Traditional was awarded from 1978 to 1983. A similar award, the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album has been awarded since 1991. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.

text:
# Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance, Traditional

The Grammy Award for **Best Soul Gospel Performance, Traditional** was awarded from 1978 to 1983. A similar award, the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album has been awarded since 1991.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.

## Recipients

| Year | Winner(s) | Title | Nominees | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | James Cleveland | *James Cleveland Live at Carnegie Hall* |  |  |
| 1979 | Mighty Clouds of Joy | *Live and Direct* | * Gladys McFadden, Loving Sisters for *Amazing Grace* * James Cleveland & the Salem Inspirational Choir, Doretha Wade (director) for *I Don't Feel Noways Tired* * Rev. Isaac Douglas ft. the San Francisco Community Singers, 21st Century Singers for *Special Appearance* * James Cleveland & the Charles Fold Singers, Charles Fold (director) for *Tomorrow* |  |
| 1980 | Mighty Clouds of Joy | *Changing Times* | * Willie Banks & the Messengers for *For the Wrong I've Done* * James Cleveland & the Southern California Community Choir for *It's a New Day* * Troy Ramey & the Soul Searchers for *Try Jesus* |  |
| 1981 | James Cleveland & the Charles Fold Singers | *Lord, Let Me Be an Instrument* |  |  |
| 1982 | Al Green | *The Lord Will Make a Way* |  |  |
| 1983 | Al Green | *Precious Lord* |  |  |


title: WNST

abstract: WNST is a sports radio station located in Towson, Maryland, near Baltimore. It is owned and operated by local sports media personality Nestor Aparicio through Nasty 1570 Sports, LLC. WNST was the first 24-hour all sports radio station in Baltimore. The station features local programming from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 pm. Monday - Friday. When the local programming is not on the air, there is a live feed of Fox Sports Radio. WNST ignited a debate in the Baltimore area by arranging a "Free the Birds" rally at Camden Yards to protest the ownership of the Orioles by Peter Angelos. The rally took place on September 21, 2006, during a make-up game against the Detroit Tigers. On March 30, 2011, it was reported that Jen Royle, a Baltimore sports reporter for WJZ-FM (105.7) filed a $800,000 defamation suit against Aparicio and two WNST hosts, Glenn Clark and Drew Forrester. Royle, who also worked for MASN, claims that Aparicio and the WNST hosts hurt her reputation with damaging statements about her professional and personal life. Aparicio's lawyer said the accusations are "baseless", and Aparicio denied wrongdoing in a blog entry. Royle later dropped the lawsuit.

text:
# WNST

**WNST** (1570 kHz) is a sports radio station located in Towson, Maryland, near Baltimore. It is owned and operated by local sports media personality Nestor Aparicio through Nasty 1570 Sports, LLC.

WNST was the first 24-hour all sports radio station in Baltimore. The station features local programming from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 pm. Monday - Friday. When the local programming is not on the air, there is a live feed of Fox Sports Radio.

WNST ignited a debate in the Baltimore area by arranging a "Free the Birds" rally at Camden Yards to protest the ownership of the Orioles by Peter Angelos. The rally took place on September 21, 2006, during a make-up game against the Detroit Tigers.

On March 30, 2011, it was reported that Jen Royle, a Baltimore sports reporter for WJZ-FM (105.7) filed a $800,000 defamation suit against Aparicio and two WNST hosts, Glenn Clark and Drew Forrester. Royle, who also worked for MASN, claims that Aparicio and the WNST hosts hurt her reputation with damaging statements about her professional and personal life. Aparicio's lawyer said the accusations are "baseless", and Aparicio denied wrongdoing in a blog entry. Royle later dropped the lawsuit.

39°25′04″N 76°33′23″W / 39.41778°N 76.55639°W / 39.41778; -76.55639

## InfoBox

WNST
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Baltimore metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 1570 kHz |
| Branding | *Baltimore's Local Sports Voice* |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Sports radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Nasty 1570 Sports, LLC |
| History | |
| First air date | 1955 (1955) |
| Former call signs | * WTOW (1955–1958) * WAQE (1958–1967) * WTOW (1967–1986) * WFEL (1986–1993) * WKDB (1993–1999) |
| Call sign meaning | * Ravens' Nest or * Nasty * We Never Stop Talking |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 25523 |
| Class | B |
| Power | * 5,000 watts (day) * 237 watts (night) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.wnst.net |