title: Marbella Club Hotel

abstract: The Marbella Club Hotel is a hotel in Marbella, Spain. The hotel is located on the southern Spanish Costa del Sol, on the "Golden Mile" near Old Town Marbella and Puerto Banús. The Marbella Club Hotel was built in 1954 by Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg as his private residence. It was extensively renovated and enlarged from the mid-1980s through 2000. The hotel features 121 bedrooms and suites, spread over the beachfront resort, and 16 Andalusian-style villas throughout 42,000 square metres of gardens. The hotel has 132 rooms. In 1999, the hotel completed its own private 18-hole golf course, designed by Dave Thomas. The hotel has a British P.G.A. Professional, Gary Vautier. A riding stable for hotel guests is also present.

text:
# Marbella Club Hotel

The **Marbella Club Hotel** is a hotel in Marbella, Spain.

The hotel is located on the southern Spanish Costa del Sol, on the "Golden Mile" near Old Town Marbella and Puerto Banús.

The Marbella Club Hotel was built in 1954 by Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg as his private residence. It was extensively renovated and enlarged from the mid-1980s through 2000.

The hotel features 121 bedrooms and suites, spread over the beachfront resort, and 16 Andalusian-style villas throughout 42,000 square metres (10 acres) of gardens. The hotel has 132 rooms.

In 1999, the hotel completed its own private 18-hole golf course, designed by Dave Thomas. The hotel has a British P.G.A. Professional, Gary Vautier. A riding stable for hotel guests is also present.

## InfoBox

| Marbella Club Hotel | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Andalusia | |
| General information | |
| Location | Marbella, Spain |
| Coordinates | 36°30′20″N 4°55′7″W / 36.50556°N 4.91861°W / 36.50556; -4.91861 |
| Opening | 1954 |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 121 |


title: Federation of European Motorcyclists

abstract: The Federation of European Motorcyclists (FEM) was a motorcycling advocacy group based in Brussels, Belgium. It was formed in 1988 by representatives of various national motorcyclists' representative organisations at a meeting in Strasbourg which followed the "Eurodemo" of that year, a major demonstration by motorcyclists against what they perceived to be anti-biker European legislation. The FEM's first general secretary was the Briton Frank Pearson who served in the post until 1992 when he was succeeded by another Briton, Simon Milward. On the 10 January 1998, the FEM merged with the European Motorcyclists' Association to form the Federation of European Motorcyclists Associations.

text:
# Federation of European Motorcyclists

The **Federation of European Motorcyclists** (FEM) was a motorcycling advocacy group based in Brussels, Belgium. It was formed in 1988 by representatives of various national motorcyclists' representative organisations at a meeting in Strasbourg which followed the "Eurodemo" of that year, a major demonstration by motorcyclists against what they perceived to be anti-biker European legislation.

The FEM's first general secretary was the Briton Frank Pearson who served in the post until 1992 when he was succeeded by another Briton, Simon Milward. On the 10 January 1998, the FEM merged with the European Motorcyclists' Association to form the Federation of European Motorcyclists Associations.


abstract: The Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) is a European federation of scientific societies for basic scientists and physicians whose research is focused on the brain and nervous system.

text:
# Federation of European Neuroscience Societies

The **Federation of European Neuroscience Societies** (**FENS**) is a European federation of scientific societies for basic scientists and physicians whose research is focused on the brain and nervous system (i.e., neuroscience).

## History

The federation was founded in 1998 to coordinate and present at the European level the research of members of national and European neuroscience societies. It succeeded the European Neuroscience Association. FENS federates 44 member societies and 5 associate member societies, representing around 23,000 scientists.

## Activities

FENS organises an international scientific meeting in even years, the FENS Forum of European Neuroscience. Every meeting takes place in a different European country hosted by its national neuroscience society. In the odd years that no Forum meeting takes place, a FENS Regional Meeting is held. In addition, twice yearly more specialised meetings are organized in collaboration with the Lundbeck Foundation, called The Brain Conferences.

## Publications

Together with Wiley-Blackwell, the federation publishes the *European Journal of Neuroscience*, a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, and the *FENS Forum Abstracts*, the proceedings of the FENS Forums of European Neuroscience.

## InfoBox

Federation of European Neuroscience Societies
|
|  |
| Formation | 1998 |
| Membership | 22,000 |
| Website | www.fens.org |


abstract:
Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) is an international European scientific organization, formed by the union of a number of national organizations; there are now 57 members from 41 European countries, regular and provisional. Members can apply for fellowships, grants and/or support when organising a meeting. FEMS facilitates exchange of scientific knowledge to all microbiologists in Europe and worldwide by publishing seven microbiology journals and organising a biennial congress for microbiologists around the world. It also initiates campaigns such as the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM). Since 1977, it has been the sponsor of FEMS Microbiology Letters, a single journal. Now, FEMS publishes seven journals:
  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
  - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
  - FEMS Microbiology Letters
  - FEMS Yeast Research
  - Pathogens and Disease a journal preceded by FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology
  - FEMS Microbes
  - FEMS microLife Originally published for the Society by Elsevier, then by Wiley-Blackwell, they are now published by Oxford University Press.

text:
# Federation of European Microbiological Societies

**Federation of European Microbiological Societies** (**FEMS**) is an international European scientific organization, formed by the union of a number of national organizations; there are now 57 members from 41 European countries, regular and provisional. Members can apply for fellowships, grants and/or support when organising a meeting. FEMS facilitates exchange of scientific knowledge to all microbiologists in Europe and worldwide by publishing seven microbiology journals and organising a biennial congress for microbiologists around the world. It also initiates campaigns such as the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM).

Since 1977, it has been the sponsor of *FEMS Microbiology Letters*, a single journal. Now, **FEMS** publishes seven journals:

Originally published for the Society by Elsevier, then by Wiley-Blackwell, they are now published by Oxford University Press.

## InfoBox

Federation of European Microbiological Societies
| Formation | 1974 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Nonprofit organization |
| Membership | 30,000 |
| Website | fems-microbiology.org |


title: Federation of European Carnival Cities

abstract: The Federation of European Carnival Cities (FECC) was founded in 1980 and has been registered in the Court of Luxembourg. Member cities, organization, and individual members are engaged in producing popular celebrations or carnivals which represent an authentic masquerade or parade of a people's cultural identity. The General membership meets twice each year generally at the end of May and in October.

text:
# Federation of European Carnival Cities

The **Federation of European Carnival Cities** (FECC) was founded in 1980 and has been registered in the Court of Luxembourg. Member cities, organization, and individual members are engaged in producing popular celebrations or carnivals which represent an authentic masquerade or parade of a people's cultural identity. The General membership meets twice each year generally at the end of May and in October.

## History

On the occasion of the 700th anniversary of Amsterdam (The Nederlands), Carnival Princes from all over the world met each other in the Amsterdam RAI congress centre in November 1975. The Amsterdam Carnival Association, governed by Mr.Henk van der Kroon was called "Amstelpieren & Brokkerijders." The big event brought an unprecedented number of Carnival Associations from different countries together. The guests of honour included Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet of the Netherlands as well as diplomats and dignitaries from afar including Brazil, Greece, Germany and Belgium. This unique event is widely recognized as the starting point for the lasting contacts and exchanges between associations and cities that has become the FECC.

In 1980, international carnival associations met in Patras (Greece), again under the initiative of the Amsterdam Carnival Association Ämstelpieren & Bfrokkerijders. It is generally accepted that the FECC (Foundation of European Carnival) came into existence during this meeting. At the 5th reunion in Kos-Patmos (Greece), which took place in 1985, a membership was introduced and it was decided to drawn up rules and bylaws. The first countries that became a member of the Foundation were Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, England and Malta. Articles of association were formulated and the creation of FECC was registered in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Directly following the 1987 7th reunion in Malta, the Belgian members founded their own section FECC-Belgium with its own governing board. In 1988, FECC-Germany founded their own section as did FECC-Netherlands and FECC –Luxembourg. The first elected International President was Mr. Henk van der Kroon.

Throughout the year the International President and other board members travel to member cities and interested Carnivals to learn, educate and often officiate at the ceremonies surrounding what is often the most important annual event for the community and even country. The FECC is a global organization holding its first annual convention outside the Mediterranean in the twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in 1987. Many Carnivals, particularly those in Eastern Europe, have grown up under the mentorship of FECC engagement. Since its founding, the FECC has been the only unswerving organization consistently speaking for the interests and concerns of Carnival organizations. Representatives from Carnival organizations in over 50 countries are members and annual conventions generally have several Mayors seeking ways to bring more international recognition and culturally oriented tourists to their festivals.

## Annual Carnival City Congress

Once a year, all FECC members: cities, associations and individual members are invited to an international assembly. This convention is organized by a member-city and takes place every year in a different country. The convention lasts 1 week end takes place between end mid-May and mid- June. These conventions enjoy a lot of interest: every year, participants from more than 20 countries are present. During these annual conventions, the members get an international forum which enables them to promote their carnival and their town on the occasion of seminars and workshops.

Direct personal contacts with the numerous participants can also increase the international publicity of a member's carnival and/of town. The organizers of the convention moreover, use these gatherings to show the participants a few tourist attractions and places of interest of their town and the surrounding area.

The 11 October 1980 marks the founding of the FECC and it is observed by the FECC membership with a 'Dies Natalis' celebration. This weekend gathering is hosted by a member city.

## Conventions

| Year | City/Country | Participants |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1981, 1st | Patras Carnival (Greece) | 17 |
| 1982, 2nd | Syros (Greece) | 31 |
| 1983, 3rd | Cephalonia / Zakyntos (Greece) | 66 |
| 1984, 4th | Samos (Greece) | 35 |
| 1985, 5th | Kos / Patmos (Greece) | 34 |
| 1986, 6th | Kalymnos / Leros (Greece) | 31 |
| 1987, 7th | Maltese Carnival (Malta) | 48 |
| 1988, 8th | Rep. Trinidad & Tobago and Barbados | 92 |
| 1989, 9th | Sta.Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) | 102 |
| 1990, 10th | Patras Carnival (Greece) | 130 |
| 1991, 11th | Rosas (Spain) | 132 |
| 1992, 12th | Aalborg (Denmark) | 131 |
| 1993, 13th | Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) | 156 |
| 1994, 14th | Norrköping (Sweden) | 102 |
| 1995, 15th | Maltese Carnival (Malta) | 102 |
| 1996, 16th | Maribor / Ptuj (Slovenia) | 81 |
| 1997, 17th | Aruba (West Indies) | 116 |
| 1998, 18th | Strumica (Macedonia) \[ Website http://strumickikarneval.com\] | 78 |
| 1999, 19th | Dubrovnik (Croatia) | 108 |
| 2000, 20th | Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) | 229 |
| 2001, 21st | Saint Petersburg / Pskov (Russia) | 244 |
| 2002, 22nd | Kraków (Poland) | 184 |
| 2003, 23rd | Ovar (Portugal) | 252 |
| 2004, 24th | Pernik (Bulgaria) | 132 |
| 2005, 25th | Nadur Carnival (Gozo (Malta)) | 450 |
| 2006, 26th | Novi Vinodolski / Rijeka Carnival (Croatia) | 320 |
| 2007, 27th | Sousse (Tunisia) | 395 |
| 2008, 28th | Ploermel (France) | 285 |
| 2009, 29th | Kotor - Budva (Montenegro) | 198 |
| 2010, 30th | Patras (Greece) | 92 |
| 2011, 31st | Vrnjačka Banja (Serbia) | 156 |
| 2012, 32nd | Prileb (Macedonia) | 115 |
| 2013, 33rd | Yambol (Bulgaria) | 118 |
| 2014, 34th | Limassol (Cypres) | 125 |
| 2015, 35th | Bol (Croatia) | 140 |
| 2016, 36th | Cottbus (Germany) | 132 |
| 2017, 37th | Valletta (Malta) | 142 |
| 2018, 38th | Šabac (Serbia) | 167 |
| 2019, 39th | Yalova (Turkey) | 116 |
| 2020, 40th | Ptuj (Slovenia) | Unfortunately cancelled (COVID-19) |
| 2021, 41st | Ptuj (Slovenia) | Unfortunately cancelled (COVID-19) |
| 2022, 42nd | Pétange (Luxembourg) | 150 |
| 2023, 43rd | Leskovac (Serbia) | 1 |

**Also forthcoming**

## Structure

The FECC is open to membership in the following categories:

* Public bodies (municipalities, national art commissions etc.)
* Professional NGOs
* Amateur organizations

The structure is as follows:

* International General Assembly
* Presidium/ Board of Directors ( formed by national chairmen or representatives)
* International Executive Board (term of administration is 3 years)
* Audit Committee
* Senators (advisers) formed by former board members and prominent persons

The objectives are:

* exchange of knowledge concerning financing, fundraising and structures
* consulting organizations
* teaching and consulting construction of allegories floats
* motivation techniques for volunteers
* promoting carnival towards European institutions as cultural heritage
* organizing an annual convention
* collecting information concerning various carnival traditions
* exchange-programs for clubs/bands, especially youth


title: The Haunted Air

abstract: The Haunted Air is the sixth volume in a series of Repairman Jack books written by American author F. Paul Wilson. The book was first published by Gauntlet Press in a signed limited first edition then later as a trade hardcover from Forge and a mass market paperback from Forge.

text:
# The Haunted Air

***The Haunted Air*** is the sixth volume in a series of Repairman Jack books written by American author F. Paul Wilson. The book was first published by Gauntlet Press in a signed limited first edition (June 2002) then later as a trade hardcover from Forge (October 2002) and a mass market paperback from Forge (April 2004).

## InfoBox

The Haunted Air
| First Edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | F. Paul Wilson |
| Cover artist | Harry O. Morris |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Repairman Jack Series |
| Genre | Horror novel |
| Publisher | Gauntlet Press |
| Publication date | 2002 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 462 pp |
| ISBN | 1-887368-57-4 |
| OCLC | 49894584 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813/.54 21 |
| LC Class | PS3573.I45695 H38 2002 |
| Preceded by | *Hosts* |
| Followed by | *Gateways* |


title: Margaret Tor-Thompson

abstract: Dr. Rev. Margaret J. Tor-Thompson was a Liberian politician and member of the Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL). She has completed her doctorate in Biblical Studies. Tor-Thompson had her early education in Saint Mary's Elementary & Junior High School, William R. Tolbert High School, St. Theresa's Convent and the American Cooperative School. She graduated with a nursing degree from Loma Linda University in the United States of America and received her doctorate in Bible Studies from the World Harvest Theological Seminary. She was the FAPL presidential candidate in the October 2005 elections and was placed 13th out of 22 candidates, receiving only 0.9% of the vote. She was one of three female presidential candidates in the election, with one of them, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf went on to winning the election. She died of breast cancer at Bushrod Island on 4 April 2007.

text:
# Margaret Tor-Thompson

Dr. Rev. **Margaret J. Tor-Thompson** (9 September 1962 – 4 April 2007) was a Liberian politician and member of the Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL). She has completed her doctorate in Biblical Studies.

Tor-Thompson had her early education in Saint Mary's Elementary & Junior High School, William R. Tolbert High School, St. Theresa's Convent and the American Cooperative School. She graduated with a nursing degree from Loma Linda University in the United States of America and received her doctorate in Bible Studies from the World Harvest Theological Seminary.

She was the FAPL presidential candidate in the October 2005 elections and was placed 13th out of 22 candidates, receiving only 0.9% of the vote. She was one of three female presidential candidates in the election, with one of them, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf went on to winning the election. She died of breast cancer at Bushrod Island on 4 April 2007.

## Early life

Tor-Thompson had her early education in Saint Mary's Elementary & Junior High School and high school education in William R. Tolbert High School, St. Theresa's Convent and the American Cooperative School. She graduated in nursing inn the United States of America, from nursing at Loma Linda University. She received her doctorate from the World Harvest Theological Seminary on Bible studies. Tor-Thompson was a registered nurse, Christian educator and author. She served as the Chief Executive Office (CEO) for Non-governmental organisations like Women of Might among Nations (WOMAN) and also Voice of Liberia. She was married to Dr. Charles Thompson and they have four daughters and two sons.

## Political career

Tor-Thomson was the Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL) presidential candidate in the October 2005 elections. Her political manifesto in her own words was "I would make sure that the responsible people are prosecuted; that people understand the consequences; send out a clear-cut message that we will no longer tolerate crime with impunity". She was one of the three female presidential candidates in the election. She secured 8,418 out of total 1,012,673 votes to secure 0.9 per cent of the mandate and securing 13th position. The elections saw a set of candidates like Alfred Reeves and George Kiadii along with her campaigning on fundamentalist Christian platform and were less successful. Her party could not win any seat in the Senate or House of representatives.

In late April 2007, it was reported that she died of breast cancer – the death certificate confirmed the cause and indicated that she died at Bushrod Island on 4 April 2007.

## InfoBox

| Margaret J. Tor-Thompson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 9 September 1962 |
| Died | 4 April 2007(2007-04-04) (aged 44)<br>Monrovia, Liberia |
| Citizenship | Liberia |
| Alma mater | World Harvest Theological Seminary |
| Known for | FAPL presidential candidate in the October 2005 elections |


title: Marbled snout-burrower

abstract:
The marbled snout-burrower is a species of frog in the family Hemisotidae.
It is found in sub-Saharan Africa.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, plantations, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canals and ditches. It is also called the mottled shovelnose frog and marbled shovelnose frog.

text:
# Marbled snout-burrower

The **marbled snout-burrower** (***Hemisus marmoratus***) is a species of frog in the family Hemisotidae. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, plantations, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canals and ditches. It is also called the **mottled shovelnose frog** and **marbled shovelnose frog**.

## InfoBox

| Marbled snout-burrower | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *H. marmoratus*, Soutpansberg, South Africa | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hemisotidae |
| Genus: | *Hemisus* |
| Species: | ***H. marmoratus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hemisus marmoratus***
(Peters, 1854) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hemisus sudanensis* (Steindachner, 1863) | |


title: Marbled toadlet

abstract: Uperoleia marmorata commonly known as the marbled toadlet, is only known by the holotype collected in the Kimberley region of Western Australia by Gray in 1841.

text:
# Marbled toadlet

***Uperoleia marmorata*** commonly known as the **marbled toadlet**, is only known by the holotype collected in the Kimberley region of Western Australia by Gray in 1841.

## Description

Gray describe the frog as "…black and green marbled, leaving a triangular greenish spot on its forehead, beneath lead colour". This species is likely to have other features similar to other *Uperoleia* species such as: red-orange patches in the groin and behind the knees, tubercles and large parotoid glands as well as a granular belly. The frog is likely to be about 30 mm in length.

This frog most likely resembles the Mjoberg's toadlet (*Uperoleia mjobergi*), as they inhabit similar areas it is possible to speculate that the holotype of the marbled toadlet was mistake for a Mjoberg's toadlet.

## Ecology and behaviour

Due to lack of records on this species habitat and behavioural characteristics have been difficult to assess. The frog is likely to breed in permanent and semi-permanent still water bodies in the Kimberly region.

This species was once thought to be widespread across eastern New South Wales, but due to the similarity of frogs within the genus *Uperoleia* it was most likely confused with smooth toadlet.

## InfoBox

| Marbled toadlet | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Myobatrachidae |
| Genus: | *Uperoleia* |
| Species: | ***U. marmorata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Uperoleia marmorata***
Gray, 1841 | |
|
|  | |
| The area in which the holotype of the marbled toadlet was found | |


title: Fauxliage

abstract: Fauxliage is a musical project consisting of Canadian electronic musicians Bill Leeb and Rhys Fulber, both of Delerium and Front Line Assembly, and Leigh Nash of Sixpence None the Richer in 2007. The vocals are performed exclusively by Nash. Many of the songs from this album have been on the soundtrack of the television series Moonlight.

text:
# Fauxliage

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Jesus Freak Hideout* |  |
| *mxdwn* | Unfavourable |
| *PopMatters* | 6/10 |
| *Release* | 6/10 |

***Fauxliage*** is a musical project consisting of Canadian electronic musicians Bill Leeb and Rhys Fulber, both of Delerium and Front Line Assembly, and Leigh Nash of Sixpence None the Richer in 2007. The vocals are performed exclusively by Nash.

Many of the songs from this album have been on the soundtrack of the television series *Moonlight*.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bill Leeb, Leigh Nash and Roy Salmond, except where noted

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "All the World" | 4:40 |
| 2. | "Someday the Wind" | 4:11 |
| 3. | "Draw My Life" | 4:03 |
| 4. | "Let it Go" (Written by Leigh Nash, Chris Elliot and Rhys Fulber) | 4:45 |
| 5. | "Magic" (Written by Rhys Fulber) | 3:38 |
| 6. | "Without You" | 4:57 |
| 7. | "Rafe" | 5:15 |
| 8. | "Vibing" | 5:26 |
| 9. | "All Alone" | 5:11 |
| 10. | "Rafe (Gabin Remix)" | 4:10 |
| 11. | "Rafe (Pacha Remix)" | 4:39 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Fauxliage | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Fauxliage | |
| Released | 14 August 2007 (2007-08-14) |
| Genre | Electronic, pop, ambient |
| Label | Nettwerk |
| Producer | Bill Leeb, Rhys Fulber |


title: Feel the Darkness

abstract: Feel the Darkness is an album released by the American hardcore punk band Poison Idea in 1990 as a joint release between Vinyl Solution and the band's own American Leather Records. The album has subsequently been reissued by a number of different record labels. It is the first album to feature bassist Myrtle Tickner and the only album to feature guitarist Aldine Strycnine. The song "Discontent", which was issued as 7" in 1990, does not appear on the original vinyl pressing of the album but has subsequently appeared on most CD versions. A limited 2004 vinyl reissue includes the Discontent 7" as a bonus. In 2018, a double LP expanded version of the album was released that includes various singles, cover songs, and alternate mixes. The album cover is taken from back cover of God Bless Tiny Tim, edited to point a handgun to Tiny Tim's head. The 1995 CD reissue on Tim/Kerr removed Tiny Tim from the cover.

text:
# Feel the Darkness

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Feel the Darkness*** is an album released by the American hardcore punk band Poison Idea in 1990 as a joint release between Vinyl Solution and the band's own American Leather Records. The album has subsequently been reissued by a number of different record labels. It is the first album to feature bassist Myrtle Tickner and the only album to feature guitarist Aldine Strycnine. The song "Discontent", which was issued as 7" in 1990, does not appear on the original vinyl pressing of the album but has subsequently appeared on most CD versions. A limited 2004 vinyl reissue includes the *Discontent* 7" as a bonus. In 2018, a double LP expanded version of the album was released that includes various singles, cover songs, and alternate mixes.

The album cover is taken from back cover of *God Bless Tiny Tim*, edited to point a handgun to Tiny Tim's head. The 1995 CD reissue on Tim/Kerr removed Tiny Tim from the cover.

## Original track listing

All songs written by Jerry A. (aka Jerry Lang), except for where noted.

1. "Plastic Bomb" – 3:07
2. "Deep Sleep" (Jerry A., Pig Champion, Thee Slayer Hippy, Myrtle Tickner) – 2:23
3. "The Badge" (Jerry A., Pig Champion) – 3:33
4. "Just to Get Away" – 2:31
5. "Gone for Good" (Jerry A., Aldine Strycnine) – 1:16
6. "Death of an Idiot Blues" (Jerry A., Thee Slayer Hippy) – 2:52
7. "Taken by Surprise" – 3:14
8. "Alan's on Fire" – 4:12
9. "Welcome to Krell" (Jerry A., Aldine Strycnine) – 1:58
10. "Nation of Finks" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner) – 1:32
11. "Back Stab Gospel" – 1:37
12. "Painkiller" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner) – 1:47
13. "Feel the Darkness" – 5:50
14. "Discontent" - 3:31 - CD version only

**Expanded Edition**

1. "Plastic Bomb"
2. "Deep Sleep" (Jerry A., Pig Champion, Thee Slayer Hippy, Myrtle Tickner)
3. "The Badge" (Jerry A., Pig Champion)
4. "Just to Get Away"
5. "Gone for Good" (Jerry A., Aldine Strycnine)
6. "Death of an Idiot Blues" (Jerry A., Thee Slayer Hippy)
7. "Taken by Surprise"
8. "Alan's on Fire"
9. "Welcome to Krell" (Jerry A., Aldine Strycnine)
10. "Nation of Finks" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner)
11. "Back Stab Gospel"
12. "Painkiller" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner)
13. "Feel the Darkness"
14. "We Got The Beat" (Charlotte Caffey)
15. "Discontent"
16. "Jail House Stomp"
17. "The Harder They Come" (Jimmy Cliff)
18. "Lawdy Miss Clawdy" (Lloyd Price)
19. "This Is It" (Jerry A., Myrtle Tickner)
20. "Plastic Bomb (Alternate Mix)"
21. "Death of an Idiot Blues (Thee Idiot Mix)"
22. "Feel The Darkness (Remix)"
23. "Crack Smoking Freak" (Charlotte Caffey, arranged by Poison Idea)

## Personnel

* Jerry A.: Vocals
* Aldine Strycnine: Guitar
* Pig Champion: Guitar
* Thee Slayer Hippy: Drums
* Myrtle Tickner: Bass
* Mondo: Bass on "Plastic Bomb", "Just To Get Away", "Death Of An Idiot Blues", Piano on "Plastic Bomb"
* Tony Lash - Piano on "Alan's On Fire"
* Bob Stark: Piano on "Welcome To Krell"
* Kid Cocksman: Guitar on "Plastic Bomb (Alternate Mix)"

## Legacy

Kurt Cobain of Nirvana had a hard-shelled guitar case which featured a flyer of the album on it. Gayle Forman's *I Was Here* features the album cover decorating a character's bedroom door. The track The Badge was covered by Pantera as part of The Crow soundtrack, as well as a B-Side on their singles 5 Minutes Alone and Planet Caravan and as a bonus track on the Japanese version of the 1994 album Far Beyond Driven. Machine Head covered the track Alan's on Fire as a bonus track on the digipak version of their 1994 album Burn My Eyes.

## InfoBox

| Feel the Darkness | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Poison Idea | |
| Released | 1990 |
| Genre | Hardcore punk |
| Length | 39:23 |
| Label | American Leather Records |
| Poison Idea chronology | |
| *Get Loaded and Fuck*
(1988) ***Feel the Darkness***
(1990) *Blank Blackout Vacant*
(1992) | |


title: Muswell Stream

abstract: The Muswell Stream is a watercourse in the London Borough of Haringey, and one of the subterranean rivers of London It originates in Muswell Hill from three source rivers. The largest of the springs is now under a private home on Muswell Road. In the 12th century, the spring was on land that belonged to the Bishop of London and was used as farmland. Healing powers were attributed to this source and it was therefore consecrated to the Virgin Maria and a chapel built in its place for the pilgrimage to take place. According to tradition, Scottish king Malcolm IV is said to have been healed by the water of the spring. In 1875 one of the was diverted to a lake in Alexandra Park. The part of the park in question was sold in 1899, the lake drained and the watercourse moved underground to build Grove Avenue and Rosebery Road. The Wood Green and Hornsey laundry used water from the Muswell Stream in the 1890s. The watercourse was completely submerged in the 1920s and 1930s. Underground water reservoirs should not always successfully ensure that the watercourse absorbs large amounts of precipitation from its catchment area. The mouth of the Muswell Stream in the Pymmes Brook is the last visible part of the watercourse.

text:
# Muswell Stream

The **Muswell Stream** is a watercourse in the London Borough of Haringey, and one of the subterranean rivers of London It originates in Muswell Hill from three source rivers. The largest of the springs is now under a private home on Muswell Road. In the 12th century, the spring was on land that belonged to the Bishop of London and was used as farmland. Healing powers were attributed to this source and it was therefore consecrated to the Virgin Maria and a chapel built in its place for the pilgrimage to take place. According to tradition, Scottish king Malcolm IV is said to have been healed by the water of the spring.

In 1875 one of the issues was diverted to a lake in Alexandra Park. The part of the park in question was sold in 1899, the lake drained and the watercourse moved underground to build Grove Avenue and Rosebery Road.

The Wood Green and Hornsey laundry used water from the Muswell Stream in the 1890s.

The watercourse was completely submerged in the 1920s and 1930s. Underground water reservoirs should not always successfully ensure that the watercourse absorbs large amounts of precipitation from its catchment area. The mouth of the Muswell Stream in the Pymmes Brook is the last visible part of the watercourse.

51°36′47″N 0°06′32″W / 51.613°N 0.109°W / 51.613; -0.109


title: Frank Hedley

abstract: Frank Hedley was an English-American transportation executive who was president and general manager of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company.

text:
# Frank Hedley

**Frank Hedley** (January 9, 1864 – July 18, 1955) was an English-American transportation executive who was president and general manager of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company.

## Biography

He was born in 1864 in Maidstone, England. He migrated in 1883 to the United States and began working as a steam locomotive machinist for, first, the New York Lake Erie & Western RR in Jersey City, then New York Central & Hudson River at the locomotive servicing area at Grand Central Depot. Seeking career advancement, he soon got a job with New York Elevated Railroad in Manhattan. In 1890, Hedley was hired as master mechanic (steam) by the Kings County Elevated in Brooklyn. In 1893, he left New York seeking employment on elevated lines in Chicago. By 1900, Hedley was general superintendent of the Lake Street Elevated Railroad in Chicago. In 1903, Hedley returned to New York City to take the position of general superintendent of the Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT). Hedley would spend the rest of his career at IRT, rising to company president by 1920.

He died on July 17, 1955, at Saint John's Riverside Hospital in Yonkers, NY.


title: Tommy Haslam

abstract: Joseph Thomas Haslam was an English rugby union threequarter and fullback who played club rugby for Batley, Dukinfield and Stockport RFC. Tom represented Yorkshire and Cheshire at county level. Tom a member of the British Isles team who in 1888 toured New Zealand and Australia tour, the first British overseas tour.

text:
# Tommy Haslam

**Joseph Thomas Haslam** (c.1863c.1896) was an English rugby union threequarter and fullback who played club rugby for Batley, Dukinfield and Stockport RFC. Tom represented Yorkshire and Cheshire at county level. Tom a member of the British Isles team who in 1888 toured New Zealand and Australia tour, the first British overseas tour.

## Early life and family

Joseph Thomas Haslam was born in 1863 in Birmingham, which at the time was in Warwickshire. He was christened on 15 March 1863 at St James the Less, Ashted, Warwickshire. He was the son of a joiner, William Haslam and his wife Rose Anne. His mother was from Paisley, Scotland, whilst his father was from Thornhill, West Riding of Yorkshire. Joseph had at least four siblings, an older brother Gerard, two younger sisters Mary Ann and Louisa and a younger brother Charles. By 1881 the family was living in Batley, Yorkshire where Joseph was a warp beamer in a woolen mill.

## Rugby career

Tom Haslam joined Batley in October 1882 playing in the threequarters. A member of Batley's 1885 Yorkshire Challenge Cup winning team. Tom ruptered an artery of the left lung in a pre-season game playing for Mossley against Swinton on Saturday 17th September 1887. Tom switched to fullback when he returned from his life threatening injury.

Tom made his Yorkshire debut against Durham at West Hartlepool on Saturday 8th November 1884. Tom played both in the threequarters and at fullback for Yorkshire representing the county from 1884 to 1888.

In 1888 he was offered a place as part of the British Isles team to tour Australia and New Zealand, signing the contract in January. Although the tour was not recognised by the Rugby Football Union, being set up as a private venture, the game is now retrospectively acknowledged as the very first tour of the British and Irish Lions. Haslam was one of two full backs chosen for the tour along with Swinton's Arthur Paul. Tom played his first game for the British Isles against Otago on 28 April 1888, the opening game of the tour. The British Isles won 8-3 but without Haslam on the scoresheet. He missed the second game again Otago, but rejoined the squad to play Canterbury to record his first points of the tour, scoring two of the five British tries in a 14-6 win. Tom played in a total of 29 of the 35 matches, scoring a total of 11 tries. On occasion he was also given kicking duties with a single conversion credited to him in the game against an Adelaide XV. He also added a drop goal against Ipswich, a match in which he finished top scorer having also scored a try. As well as being a key member of the British Isles squad, Tom is also noted as one of the earliest exponents of the dummy pass, if not the inventor of the technique within the rugby code.

At the end of the 1888/89 season Tom joined Dukinfield where he spent 3 seasons.At the beginning of the 1892/93 season Tom joined Stockport RFC. Tom represented Cheshire from 1889 to 1892. Tom played both fullback and in the threequarters for Dukinfield, Stockport and Cheshire.

## InfoBox

Tom Haslam
| Birth name | Joseph Thomas Haslam |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | c.1863 |
| Date of death | c.1897 (aged 34) |
| Place of death | Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 74 kg (11 st 9 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Full back and Threequarters.  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1882 to 1889. 1889 to 1892.
1892 to 1896
1884 to 1888
1889 to 1893 Batley
Dukinfield.
Stockport
Yorkshire
Cheshire   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1888 British Isles | |


title: Zheng Wei

abstract: Zheng Wei is a Chinese football player.

text:
# Zheng Wei

**Zheng Wei** (Chinese: 郑伟; born June 13, 1981, in Qingdao) is a Chinese football player.

## Professional career

### Shanghai Shenhua

Zheng Wei started his football career with Shanghai 02 before the club were taken over by Shanghai Shenhua in 2002. Despite being promoted to Shenhua's senior team in 2002, he would have to wait until the 2004 league season before he could make his debut. He would eventually play in 5 league games for Shanghai in the 2004 league season. This however was to prove his most successful season with Shanghai, and despite staying with them for a further two seasons he could only make a further 3 appearances for them.

### Shanxi Baorong Chanba

Zheng Wei would have a loan period with Shanghai Zobon for one season before he would move to Shaanxi Baorong Chanba at the beginning of the 2007 league season where he immediately established himself as a versatile left midfielder and defensive midfielder. An immediate regular he would play in 23 league games in his debut season and see Shaanxi fight off relegation. With a fresh start in the 2008 league season, Zheng would spearhead the Shaanxi midfield that would fight for the league title, however despite an encouraging start to the season Shaanxi, finished fifth in the league. With the team unable to improve upon the previous season's results the club brought in Zhu Guanghu and then Milorad Kosanović to manage the team and Zheng saw his playing time reduced. By the end of the 2010 league season Zheng would be allowed to leave the club and he would return to Shanghai Shenhua.

## InfoBox

Zheng Wei
郑伟
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1981-06-13) June 13, 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Qingdao, China | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1995–1999 | Shanghai 02 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2000–2001 | Shanghai 02 | 12 | (0) |
| 2002–2006 | Shanghai Shenhua | 8 | (0) |
| 2006 | Shanghai Zobon (Loan) | 21 | (4) |
| 2007–2010 | Shaanxi Baorong Chanba | 68 | (2) |
| 2011 | Shanghai Shenhua | 1 | (0) |
| 2011–2013 | Chongqing F.C. | 22 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 1 July 2011 (UTC) | | | |


title: Ibn Shahrashub

abstract: Zayn al-Dīn Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Shahrāshūb ibn Abī Naṣr ibn Abī al-Jaysh, more commonly known simply as Ibn Shahrāshūb, died 1192, was a prolific Shia commentator, traditionist and jurist. He was an early eminent scholar amongst the shia community in the investigation of hadith and also Quranic sciences.

text:
# Ibn Shahrashub

**Zayn al-Dīn Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Shahrāshūb ibn Abī Naṣr ibn Abī al-Jaysh** (Arabic: زین الدین أبوجعفر محمد بن علي بن شهرآشوب بن أبي نصر بن أبي الجيش), more commonly known simply as **Ibn Shahrāshūb** (إبن شهرآشوب), died 1192, was a prolific Shia commentator, traditionist and jurist. He was an early eminent scholar amongst the shia community in the investigation of hadith and also Quranic sciences.

## Life

He was born in 1095. His complete name was Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Ali Ibn Shahr Ashub. It seems that he originally was from Sari, Iran city of Mazandaran province. Due to lack of prominent sources, his birthplace remains uuncertain. It is well-documented that he memorized the whole Quran.

## Scientific journey

Given that Ibn Shahr Ashoub was a traditionist, he traveled to many cities and countries, listening to and collecting Hadith. First he traveled to Baghdad during Al-Muqtafi as caliph of Abbasid dynasty, then to Mosul and after to Aleppo. He also traveled to Khorasan before going to Baghdad. Also, he was for a while in Neishabour, sabzevar and kharazm. Also it is said that he visited some cities such as Isfahan, Ray, Kashan and Hamadan. Apparently when he was in Aleppo, both Ibn Batriq and Ibn Idris had listened to him. Ibn Shahr Asoub migrated and also died in Aleppo.

## Teachers

According to pakatchi, Ibn Shahr Asoub had many popular masters in hadith such as follow:

* Ahmad Ghazali
* Ja Allah zamakhshari
* Abu Ali Tabarsi
* Abul Hasan Beihaqi farid Khorasan
* Khatib-e- khawrazm
* Qotb Addin Ravandi

## Works

He left many books but some of them have been published. He wrote Manaqib Of Ale Abi Talib in praise of the virtues of Imam Ali. Some sermon also narrated by him for the first time. The most important books by him could be listed as below:

## Theological beliefs

At the same time some other scholars believe that Ibn Shahr Ashoub not only believe in Imam's knowledge to Qhayb but he refers to it by reports from Imam Ali including possessing knowledge of Unseen and prophesy future events such as times of death of various people. On the other hand, some scholars think that he believed that both Imams and prophets couldn't have any knowledge of the Ghayb (absence) and that of past and future. Ibn Shahr Asoub denied these kinds of knowledge for imams and prophets. He believed, if this belief would be correct then we believe in parties for God. Instead he had believed that Imams and prophets just have knowledge of religion and law. he also referred to the point that Fatima has addressed by divine message.

## Death

He died in 1192 when he had residence in Aleppo. He was buried near a place by the name of Jabal Al Joshan known as Mashahd al Hosein.

## Further reading


title: Georgina Kamsika

abstract: Georgina Rachael Kamsika is a British author of speculative fiction. Her genres switch between science fiction, horror and fantasy. Her debut novel The Sulphur Diaries was published in November 2011 by Legend Press.

text:
# Georgina Kamsika

**Georgina Rachael Kamsika** is a British author of speculative fiction. Her genres switch between science fiction, horror and fantasy. Her debut novel The Sulphur Diaries was published in November 2011 by Legend Press.

## Biography

Born in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, she moved to Nottingham to attend university. Post graduation, she worked at first in E-Learning, specialising in accessibility, before moving on to work on more commercial websites.

She has had several short stories published in numerous magazines or book anthologies. She is a member of the British Science Fiction Association and the Horror Writers Association. In 2012 she attended the Clarion West Writers Workshop, with tutors such as George R.R. Martin and Chuck Palahniuk. She was a judge for the 2018 and 2019 British Fantasy Awards. She is a member of the Clarion West Evolving Workshop Culture Committee that aims to assess workshop models and improve the overall experience of everyone attending, especially for BIPOC and other marginalised writers. She attended the Toji Cultural Centre for the eight week UNESCO City of Literature Wonju Residency 2022 programme in September and October of 2022.

## Works

### Novel

* Goddess of the North (2020)
* The Sulphur Diaries (2011)

### Short stories

* The Many Deaths of Johnny Silver (2010)
* Our Fathers' Eyes (2010)
* Mission Six (2010)
* Communication (2010)
* Acceptable Suitors (2010)
* Cage the Beast (2010)
* Mother India (2010)
* Oracle (2012)
* Childhood Monsters (2012)
* Altus (2012)
* Dominance (2012)
* Nostalgia (2015)
* Samsara (2018)
* A Confluence of Stars (2020)
* Shadows Dawning (2021)
* With Anger, You Have Left Us (2022)
* The Lady of The Lake (2022)

### Anthologies

* Letters from the Dead (2010)
* Five Stop Story: Short Stories to Read in 5 Stops on Your Commute (2011)
* Behind Locked Doors (2012)
* Orbital Hearts (2012)
* Fading Light (2013)
* Alien Sky (2013)
* After the Fall (2015)
* Not So Stories (2018)
* Tales from the Mount (2020)
* The Devourer Below: An Arkham Horror Anthology (2021)
* Selene Quarterly Magazine: The Complete Series (2022)

### Essays

* Women Who Are More Than Strong (2014)
* How The British Chose Curry for Their National Dish (2018)

## InfoBox

| Georgina Kamsika | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | South Yorkshire |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | Nottingham Trent University |
| Occupation | Writer |


# French football clubs in international competitions

French football clubs have entered European association football competitions since 1955–56 season, when Reims took part in the inaugural European Cup. Marseille became the only French club to win the UEFA Champions League in 1993, although their win was overshadowed by a bribery scandal. The only other French club to win a major trophy in Europe is Paris Saint-Germain, who won the Cup Winners' Cup in 1996.

## Finals

| Year | Competition | French team | Opposing team | Score | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1956 | European Cup | Reims | Real Madrid | 3–4 | Parc des Princes, Paris |
| 1959 | European Cup | Reims | Real Madrid | 0–2 | Neckarstadion, Stuttgart |
| 1976 | European Cup | Saint-Étienne | Bayern Munich | 0–1 | Hampden Park, Glasgow |
| 1978 | UEFA Cup | Bastia | PSV Eindhoven | 0–3 on aggregate | Two-legged |
| 1991 | European Cup | Marseille | Red Star Belgrade | 0–0 (3–5 pen.) | Stadio San Nicola, Bari |
| 1992 | Cup Winners' Cup | Monaco | Werder Bremen | 0–2 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon |
| 1993 | Champions League | **Marseille** | Milan | 1–0 | Olympic Stadium, Munich |
| 1996 | UEFA Cup | Bordeaux | Bayern Munich | 1–5 on aggregate | Two-legged |
| | Cup Winners' Cup | **Paris Saint-Germain** | Rapid Wien | 1–0 | King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels |
| | Super Cup | Paris Saint-Germain | Juventus | 2–9 on aggregate | Two-legged |
| 1997 | Cup Winners' Cup | Paris Saint-Germain | Barcelona | 0–1 | De Kuip, Rotterdam |
| 1999 | UEFA Cup | Marseille | Parma | 0–3 | Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow |
| 2004 | UEFA Cup | Marseille | Valencia | 0–2 | Ullevi, Göteborg |
| | Champions League | Monaco | Porto | 0–3 | Arena AufSchalke, Gelsenkirchen |
| 2018 | Europa League | Marseille | Atlético Madrid | 0–3 | Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Décines-Charpieu |
| 2020 | Champions League | Paris Saint-Germain | Bayern Munich | 0–1 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon |

## Final appearance by competition

| Competition | Winners | Runners-up | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| European Cup / UEFA Champions League | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| European / UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| UEFA Super Cup | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 2 | 14 | 16 |


title: Iminosugar

abstract: An iminosugar, also known as an iminosaccharide, is any analog of a sugar where a nitrogen atom has replaced the oxygen atom in the ring of the structure. Iminosugars are common components of plants and may be responsible for some of their medicinal properties. The first iminosugar to be isolated from a natural source, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), found in Mulberry, was reported in 1976, but few others were discovered until many years later. In terms of biochemical activity for medicinal applications, DNJ and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and were shown to have anti-diabetic and anti-viral activity. DNJ was modified to produce two derivatives now used as medicines, N-hydroxyethyl-DNJ (miglitol) for diabetes and N-butyl-DNJ (miglustat) for Gaucher's disease. Anti-cancer and anti-viral activity was subsequently observed for swainsonine—a mannose analogue—and castanospermine—a glucose analogue—in the 1980s. More than 200 have now been reported from plants and micro-organisms. Although the early compounds had biological activities due to glycosidase inhibition, an increasing number are being shown to have therapeutic potential without being glycosidase inhibitors and may interact with sugar receptors in the body or chaperone deficient enzymes such as in lysosomal storage disorders or in cystic fibrosis.

text:
# Iminosugar

An **iminosugar**, also known as an **iminosaccharide**, is any analog of a sugar where a nitrogen atom has replaced the oxygen atom in the ring of the structure.

Iminosugars are common components of plants and may be responsible for some of their medicinal properties. The first iminosugar to be isolated from a natural source, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), found in Mulberry, was reported in 1976, but few others were discovered until many years later.

In terms of biochemical activity for medicinal applications, DNJ and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (DAB, another early example of this class of compounds) are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and were shown to have anti-diabetic and anti-viral activity. DNJ was modified to produce two derivatives now used as medicines, *N*-hydroxyethyl-DNJ (miglitol) for diabetes and *N*-butyl-DNJ (miglustat) for Gaucher's disease. Anti-cancer and anti-viral activity was subsequently observed for swainsonine—a mannose analogue—and castanospermine—a glucose analogue—in the 1980s. More than 200 have now been reported from plants and micro-organisms. Although the early compounds had biological activities due to glycosidase inhibition, an increasing number are being shown to have therapeutic potential without being glycosidase inhibitors and may interact with sugar receptors in the body or chaperone deficient enzymes such as in lysosomal storage disorders or in cystic fibrosis.

## Structure and stability

The nitrogen of the iminosugar ring structure is a hemiaminal linkage, which, like the hemiacetal of a regular glycoside, is unstable. The 1-deoxy analogs of iminosugars are C-glycosides, with the nitrogen as part of an ordinary amine linkage. Their piperidine, pyrrolidine, or similar rings are stable.


title: Student Osteopathic Medical Association

abstract: The Student Osteopathic Medical Association (SOMA) is a national, not-for-profit osteopathic medical organization founded to ensure a high quality of education for osteopathic medical students, to promote unity within the osteopathic medical profession, and to improve the delivery of healthcare by Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) SOMA is the student affiliate organization of the American Osteopathic Association and works with all chapters to foster communication between government at the local and national levels and the osteopathic medical profession. The organization also awards scholarships annually to osteopathic medical students who demonstrate leadership, compassion, or exceptional dedication to addressing the medically underserved, political activism, international medicine, or public health. Pre-SOMA is a branch of the organization dedicated to the education of undergraduate pre-medical students about the osteopathic medical profession to aid them in the medical school selection process.

text:
# Student Osteopathic Medical Association

The **Student Osteopathic Medical Association (SOMA)** is a national, not-for-profit osteopathic medical organization founded to ensure a high quality of education for osteopathic medical students, to promote unity within the osteopathic medical profession, and to improve the delivery of healthcare by Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) SOMA is the student affiliate organization of the American Osteopathic Association and works with all chapters to foster communication between government at the local and national levels and the osteopathic medical profession.

The organization also awards scholarships annually to osteopathic medical students who demonstrate leadership, compassion, or exceptional dedication to addressing the medically underserved, political activism, international medicine, or public health. Pre-SOMA is a branch of the organization dedicated to the education of undergraduate pre-medical students about the osteopathic medical profession to aid them in the medical school selection process.

## History

The association was founded in September 1, 1960 as the Student Osteopathic Medical Association after a motion was made to establish a national student organization.

In July 1965, representatives from the student bodies of five osteopathic colleges were invited to attend the January 1966 meeting of the AOA Board of Trustees.

In December 13–14, 1969, students from the osteopathic medical schools met in Des Moines, Iowa to establish a National Student Osteopathic Medical Association, and in July 1970, the Student Osteopathic Medical Association was approved for affiliation with the American Osteopathic Association (AOA).

March 27–29, 1970 the first SOMA convention was held at Drake Hotel, Chicago. The purpose of this convention was to formulate plans for the role that SOMA should play in regards to 1) Osteopathic education, 2) community service, 3) public relations, 4) and the Osteopathic profession.

> “There were 6 osteopathic schools at that time. 2-3 students from each school came to Chicago during these years and there were 2 from Kansas City. We met on the top floor of the Drake Hotel. There the 10-15 students stayed up late into the night and organized and started SOMA. We went back to our schools to keep organizing the students to have a voice in their chosen profession.” - Al Faigin, DO - KCCOM Class of 1972.

September 30, 1970 SOMA was incorporated under the general Not for Profit Corporation Act in the state of Illinois. SOMA was organized and is operated exclusively for educational, scientific, and charitable purposes.

## Programming & Initiatives

### Publications

In May 1963, a newsletter for students at osteopathic colleges was created after a motion was made by the American Osteopathic Association. This newsletter, prepared and distributed by the AOA, would be distributed to students in osteopathic colleges. The newsletter *Reflection* was prepared by the executive department for student distribution. Edition I was mailed May 1963. *SOMAP* was later created as the “official publication” of the Student Osteopathic Medical Association. *SOMAP* was published nine times yearly, September through May, by the Student Osteopathic Medical Association. In 1977-1979 Emely Karandy was the editor of *The Student Doctor -* the first SOMA Magazine. These publications went through multiple revisions and by 2010, the *Inside SOMA* publication was created.

As of 2023, SOMA’s major publication is *The Future DO* a biannual magazine dedicated to research and essay content from medical students.

### SOMA Foundation

The SOMA Foundation was created in 1978 as the philanthropic branch of SOMA. One of the founding Foundation Chairs, Edward Loniewski, wrote a letter to Steve Jobs looking for a temporary donation of the new McIntosh computer to project the Constitution and Bylaws of the Organization for ratification. Steve Jobs sent over a McIntosh computer with 1 gig of memory and this was used by SOMA for management of documentation.

> “I was the National SOMA VP for a day until I became the SOMA Foundation National Chairman. I revamped the Foundation including donor levels and categories for individuals and corporations/hospitals. I created what was known as the SOMAnet Newsletter. Raised funding to send 10 student doctors to the International Federation of Medical Student Associations annual meeting in Alexandria, Egypt.” - Karoly J. Dobay, III

As of 2021 the SOMA Foundation came under the American Osteopathic Foundation, the philanthropic non-profit serving Osteopathic Physicians nation-wide. For over 40 years, the Student Osteopathic Medical Association (SOMA) Foundation has provided the SOMA members with many scholarships and grants. Osteopathic medical students from colleges across the nation run both organizations. This could not happen without the support of our corporate, institutional and individual supporters.

## Conventions

The first SOMA convention was held March 27–29, 1970 at Drake Hotel in Chicago, Illinois. There were 175 people in attendance representing this six osteopathic schools. These schools were the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine; the College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery (now DMU-COM); the Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery (now KCUMB); Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine; Michigan College of Osteopathic Medicine; and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. At the opening session J. Scott Heatherington, D.O. and President of the American Osteopathic Association addressed the House of Delegates and declared SOMA the “official voice of the students in the Osteopathic medical schools." Elections for the officers of 1970-1971 were held, with the result: Keith Hansen (President), Keith Hindman (Vice-President), Ron Tauber (Treasurer), and Margaret Attebery (Secretary).

> “Planning special meetings and conventions was lots of fun. We hired a cruise ship in Florida for a SOMA evening at sea; sipped afternoon tea at the world famous 5-Star Greenbrier Hotel and Resort in WV, and enjoyed dinner and a show at the Flamingo in Las Vegas. We found ways to have loads of fun interspersed with loads of hard work.” - Lorraine Byrd, DO WVSOM Class of 1990; SOMA Convention Coordinator

In 1997 the National Osteopathic Student Caucus (NOSC), was formed as an opportunity for students at each college of medicine to bring forth issues of concern to national leadership. A resolution was passed in the AOA House of Delegates for the creation of the NOSC, to unite the voices of the students of osteopathic medicine. This student caucus is held annually prior to the AOA House of Delegates.

SOMA currently holds 3 yearly conventions in Spring, Summer, and Fall. The Spring Convention is held in conjunction with the AOA’s DO Day on the Hill in Washington, D.C. The Summer Convention, “Summer Leadership Meeting,” is held annually with the AOA’s House of Delegates. Finally, the Fall Convention is held yearly at OMED, an annual conference bringing together thousands of osteopathic physicians, residents, and medical students. SOMA holds two House of Delegates each year in Spring and in Fall.

## InfoBox

Student Osteopathic Medical Association
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | SOMA |
| Type | Professional association |
| Headquarters | Chicago, IL |
| Location | * United States |
| Official language | English |
| National President | Cassie Holub |
| National Vice President/Speaker of the House | Kailey Jacobson |
| Website | studentdo.org |


title: Oleochemistry

abstract: Oleochemistry is the study of vegetable oils and animal oils and fats, and oleochemicals derived from these fats and oils. The resulting product can be called oleochemicals. The major product of this industry is soap, approximately 8.9×10⁶ tons of which were produced in 1990. Other major oleochemicals include fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols and fatty amines. Glycerol is a side product of all of these processes. Intermediate chemical substances produced from these basic oleochemical substances include alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts, monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), structured triacylglycerols (TAG), sugar esters, and other oleochemical products. As the price of crude oil rose in the late 1970s, manufacturers switched from petrochemicals to oleochemicals because plant-based lauric oils processed from palm kernel oil were cheaper. Since then, palm kernel oil is predominantly used in the production of laundry detergent and personal care items like toothpaste, soap bars, shower cream and shampoo.

text:
# Oleochemistry

**Oleochemistry** is the study of vegetable oils and animal oils and fats, and oleochemicals derived from these fats and oils. The resulting product can be called **oleochemicals** (from Latin: oleum "olive oil"). The major product of this industry is soap, approximately 8.9×106 tons of which were produced in 1990. Other major oleochemicals include fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols and fatty amines. Glycerol is a side product of all of these processes. Intermediate chemical substances produced from these basic oleochemical substances include alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts, monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), structured triacylglycerols (TAG), sugar esters, and other oleochemical products.

As the price of crude oil rose in the late 1970s, manufacturers switched from petrochemicals to oleochemicals because plant-based lauric oils processed from palm kernel oil were cheaper. Since then, palm kernel oil is predominantly used in the production of laundry detergent and personal care items like toothpaste, soap bars, shower cream and shampoo.

## Processes

Important process in oleochemical manufacturing include hydrolysis and transesterification, among others.

### Hydrolysis

The splitting (or hydrolysis) of the triglycerides produces fatty acids and glycerol follows this equation:

RCO2CH2–CHO2CR–CH2O2CR + 3 H2O → 3 RCOOH + HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OH

To this end, hydrolysis is conducted in water at 250 °C. The cleavage of triglycerides with base proceeds more quickly than hydrolysis, the process being saponification. Saponification however produces soap, whereas the desired product of hydrolysis are the fatty acids.

### Transesterification

Fats react with alcohols (R'OH) instead of with water in hydrolysis in a process called transesterification. Glycerol is produced together with the fatty acid esters. Most typically, the reaction entails the use of methanol (MeOH) to give fatty acid methyl esters:

RCO2CH2–CHO2CR–CH2O2CR + 3 MeOH → 3 RCO2Me + HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OH

FAMEs are less viscous than the precursor fats and can be purified to give the individual fatty acid esters, e.g. methyl oleate vs methyl palmitate.

### Hydrogenation

The fatty acid or fatty esters are susceptible to hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids. The acids or esters can also be reduced to the fatty alcohols. For some applications, fatty acids are converted to fatty nitriles. Hydrogenated of these nitriles gives fatty amines, which have a variety of applications.

### Gelation

Liquid oil can also be immobilized in a 3D-network provided by various molecules called oleogelators.

## Applications

The largest application for oleochemicals, about 30% of market share for fatty acids and 55% for fatty alcohols, is for making soaps and detergents. Lauric acid is used to produce sodium lauryl sulfate and related compounds, which are used to make soaps and other personal care products.

Other applications of oleochemicals include the production of lubricants, solvents, biodiesel and bioplastics. Due to the use of methyl esters in biodiesel production, they represent the fastest growing sub-sector of oleochemical production in recent years.

## Oleochemical industry development

### Europe

Through the 1996 creation of Novance and the 2008 acquisition of Oleon, Avril Group has dominated the European market of oleochemistry.

### Southeast Asia

Southeast Asian countries' rapid production growth of palm oil and palm kernel oil in the 1980s spurred the oleochemical industry in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Many oleochemical plants were built. Though a nascent and small industry when pitted against big detergent giants in the US and Europe, oleochemical companies in southeast Asia had competitive edge in cheap ingredients. The US fatty chemical industry found it difficult to consistently maintain acceptable levels of profits. Competition was intense with market shares divided among many companies there where neither imports nor exports played a significant role. By the late 1990s, giants like Henkel, Unilever, and Petrofina sold their oleochemical factories to focus on higher profit activities like retail of consumer goods. Since the Europe outbreak of 'mad cow disease' (or bovine spongiform encephalopathy) in 2000, tallow is replaced for many uses by vegetable oleic fatty acids, such as palm kernel and coconut oils.


title: Ząbrowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

abstract: Ząbrowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iława, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Iława and 72 km (45 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Ząbrowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

**Ząbrowo** \[zɔmˈbrɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iława, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Iława and 72 km (45 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Ząbrowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Parish church. | |
| Ząbrowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°38′N 19°27′E / 53.633°N 19.450°E / 53.633; 19.450 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Iława |
| Gmina | Iława |
| Population | 1,032 |


title: Su (Rip Slyme)

abstract: Kazuto Otsuki Su is an MC for the hip hop unit Rip Slyme. His real name is Kazuto Otsuki. Su is also a member of Funky Grammar Unit. His former wife is singer-songwriter Ai Otsuka. He has one daughter, born on 24 March 2011.

text:
# Su (Rip Slyme)

**Su** (stylized as SU; born 20 November 1973, in Tsujidō, Fujisawa, Kanagawa) is an MC for the hip hop unit Rip Slyme. His real name is **Kazuto Otsuki** (大槻 一人, *Ōtsuki Kazuto*).

Su is also a member of Funky Grammar Unit. His former wife is singer-songwriter Ai Otsuka. He has one daughter, born on 24 March 2011.

## Discography

### Internet songs

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 2010 | "Parco, Ala?! No uta" |
| | "Deep Cleansing" |

### Guest appearances

| Artist | Song |
| --- | --- |
| DJ Fumuya feat. Su, Ca2o (Mellow Down) | "Ore wa Omae janai" |
| Ozrosaurus | "Mochi mu" |
| Ayumi Hamasaki | "Two of us "rub’delight mix"" |
| Gaku-MC | "Hatarakou" |
| Betchin' | "Happiness –I don't touch your old love– (Track Production Remix Feat. Su from Rip Slyme)" |
| Gaku-MC | "The Deep Inner Groove" |
| Betchin' | "You’re My Heaven featuring Su from Rip Slyme" |
| Penpals | "More Fun? (Customized For FTR)" |
| breakthrough | "A Song feat. Pes & Su from Rip Slyme" |
| Fantastic Plastic Machine | "dance dance dance dance feat. Su (Rip Slyme)" |
| Rhymester | "Weekend Shuffle feat. MCU, Ryo-Z, Kreva, CueZero, Channel, Kohei Japan, Su, Little, Ilmari, Gaku-MC, Sonomi, Pes, K.I.N, Dohzi-T" |
| Wise | "Hey girl! feat. Su (Rip Slyme)" |
| Ai Otsuka×Su from Rip Slyme | "aisu×time" |
| Q;indivi + Su | "a world of difference" |
| Alpha feat. lecca, Su | "She Sea Girl" |
| Studio Apartment | "Miss Universe feat. Su, Ilmari (from Rip Slyme), Meisa Kuroki" |
| lecca | "Hi-Ten feat Ilmari & Su" |
| jjj | "damn feat. Su (Rip Slyme)" |

## Filmography

### TV dramas

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Legal High* | Mania Bocho | Fuji TV |

### Entertainment shows

| Year | Title | Network |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *–Jodeki! Pop Company– Pop-ya* | Fuji TV |
| 2009 | *Campus Night Fuji* | |
| 2011 | *Cul Machio! Minna no Shakai Car Kengaku* | TBS |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | *Fūfu Huufu Nikki* | Publisher editor |  |

### Radio

| Year | Title | Network |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Radipedia* | J-Wave |

## InfoBox

| SU | |
| --- | --- |
| 大槻 一人 (Ōtsuki Kazuto) | |
| Born | Kazuto Otsuki
(1973-11-20) 20 November 1973
Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan |
| Occupation | Hip hop MC |
| Spouse | Ai Otsuka  (m. 2010; div. 2018) |
| Children | 1 |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Years active | 1994-present |
|  | |


title: Stygoparnus

abstract: Stygoparnus is a monotypic genus of beetles containing the single species Stygoparnus comalensis, which is known by the common name Comal Springs dryopid beetle. This rare beetle is endemic to Texas in the United States, where it is known from two springs. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. The Comal Springs dryopid beetle was first collected in 1987 and described as a new species in 1992. This beetle is 3 to 3.7 millimeters long. A subterranean species, it has vestigial eyes and faint pigmentation. It is the only known aquatic species in its family. It is known from Comal Springs in Comal County, and Fern Bank Springs in Hays County, Texas. Though it lives in springs, the beetle does not swim and perhaps lives in air pockets in the caves. Little is known about the life history of the beetle because the karst cave habitat is difficult to explore. The beetle lives in one spring which is fed by the Edwards Aquifer, and one spring that has an unknown water source. The Edwards Aquifer has long been tapped for its water, which is used for many purposes, such as irrigation. The primary threat to the species and other rare local endemic animals such as Peck's cave amphipod is the loss of the water source which feeds the springs.

text:
# Stygoparnus

***Stygoparnus*** is a monotypic genus of beetles containing the single species ***Stygoparnus comalensis***, which is known by the common name **Comal Springs dryopid beetle**. This rare beetle is endemic to Texas in the United States, where it is known from two springs. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

The Comal Springs dryopid beetle was first collected in 1987 and described as a new species in 1992. This beetle is 3 to 3.7 millimeters long. A subterranean species, it has vestigial eyes and faint pigmentation. It is the only known aquatic species in its family. It is known from Comal Springs in Comal County, and Fern Bank Springs in Hays County, Texas. Though it lives in springs, the beetle does not swim and perhaps lives in air pockets in the caves. Little is known about the life history of the beetle because the karst cave habitat is difficult to explore.

The beetle lives in one spring which is fed by the Edwards Aquifer, and one spring that has an unknown water source. The Edwards Aquifer has long been tapped for its water, which is used for many purposes, such as irrigation. The primary threat to the species and other rare local endemic animals such as Peck's cave amphipod is the loss of the water source which feeds the springs.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Stygoparnus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
|
Endangered (ESA) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Dryopidae |
| Genus: | *Stygoparnus*
Barr & Spangler, 1992 |
| Species: | ***S. comalensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stygoparnus comalensis***
Barr & Spangler, 1992 | |
|


title: Stygomorpha

abstract: Stygomorpha is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

text:
# Stygomorpha

***Stygomorpha*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Stygomorpha* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | ***Stygomorpha*** |
|


title: Stuart Evans (author)

abstract: Edwin Stuart Gomer Evans was a Swansea-born Welsh novelist and poet, raised in Ystalyfera in Glamorgan. He read English at Jesus College, Oxford, before serving in the Royal Navy. He then taught at Brunel College of Advanced Technology. From the mid-1960s, he was employed by BBC Radio, London, to produce programmes for the Schools Broadcasting Department. His novels include Meritocrats (1974), The Gardens of the Casino (1976), The Caves of Alienation (1977), and the Windmill Hill Sequence of five novels which included Centres of Ritual, Occupational Debris, Temporary Hearths, Houses on the Site, and Seasonal Tribal Feasts. Prior to concentrating on novel writing, Evans had won the Newdigate Prize in 1955 for his poem "Elegy for a Dead Clown". He also published two collections of poetry, Imaginary Gardens with Real Toads (1972) and The Function of the Fool (1997). For his thrillers co-written with Kay Evans, he used the pseudonym Hugh Tracy. Norman Shrapnel, in The Guardian, wrote of Evans' debut novel Meritocrats, that "I can scarcely recall a more ambitious first novel... and few more interesting ones". Philip Howard, writing in The Times, described Evans as "my candidate for the Juvenal, I dare not say the Martial, of our generation." Peter Lewis, in The Times Literary Supplement, described Evans' Windmill Hill Sequence as "probably the most ambitious fictional work in progress by a British writer". Until the late 2000s much of his work was out of print, but two of his poems were included in the anthology Poetry 1900–2000, published by the Library of Wales. The Library of Wales has also re-published his novel The Caves of Alienation, described by Anthony Brockway as "One of the most ambitious Welsh novels of the twentieth century". This is his most widely held book; according to WorldCat, it is held in 151 libraries. Evans was married to Kathleen Bridget Snelling, née Treacy (1932–1993), her second marriage.

text:
# Stuart Evans (author)

**Edwin Stuart Gomer Evans** (20 October 1934 – 12 December 1994) was a Swansea-born Welsh novelist and poet, raised in Ystalyfera in Glamorgan.

He read English at Jesus College, Oxford, before serving in the Royal Navy. He then taught at Brunel College of Advanced Technology. From the mid-1960s, he was employed by BBC Radio, London, to produce programmes for the Schools Broadcasting Department.

His novels include *Meritocrats* (1974), *The Gardens of the Casino* (1976), *The Caves of Alienation* (1977), and the *Windmill Hill Sequence* of five novels which included *Centres of Ritual*, *Occupational Debris*, *Temporary Hearths*, *Houses on the Site*, and *Seasonal Tribal Feasts*. Prior to concentrating on novel writing, Evans had won the Newdigate Prize in 1955 for his poem "Elegy for a Dead Clown". He also published two collections of poetry, *Imaginary Gardens with Real Toads* (1972) and *The Function of the Fool* (1997). For his thrillers co-written with Kay Evans, he used the pseudonym Hugh Tracy.

Norman Shrapnel, in *The Guardian*, wrote of Evans' debut novel *Meritocrats*, that "I can scarcely recall a more ambitious first novel ... and few more interesting ones". Philip Howard, writing in *The Times*, described Evans as "my candidate for the Juvenal, I dare not say the Martial, of our generation." Peter Lewis, in *The Times Literary Supplement*, described Evans' *Windmill Hill Sequence* as "probably the most ambitious fictional work in progress by a British writer".

Until the late 2000s much of his work was out of print, but two of his poems were included in the anthology *Poetry 1900–2000*, published by the Library of Wales. The Library of Wales has also re-published his novel *The Caves of Alienation*, described by Anthony Brockway as "One of the most ambitious Welsh novels of the twentieth century". This is his most widely held book; according to WorldCat, it is held in 151 libraries. Evans was married to Kathleen Bridget Snelling, née Treacy (1932–1993), her second marriage.


title: Styloleptus zorrillai

abstract: Styloleptus zorrillai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zayas in 1975.

text:
# Styloleptus zorrillai

***Styloleptus zorrillai*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zayas in 1975.

## InfoBox

| *Styloleptus zorrillai* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Styloleptus* |
| Species: | ***S. zorrillai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Styloleptus zorrillai***<br>(Zayas, 1975) | |
|


title: Feltex Carpets

abstract: Feltex Carpets is an Australian manufacturer of residential and commercial carpets. The company began its manufacturing operations in Australia in 1921, as Felt and Textiles of Australia Ltd. The company was publicly listed and acquired by Australian and New Zealand carpet manufacturer Godfrey Hirst Carpets after going into receivership in 2006. Its well-known residential brands in Australia and New Zealand include Feltex, Redbook and Redbook green. Commercial ranges include Feltex Commercial, Feltex Woven Axminster and Feltex tile. Henri Van de Velde became managing director of Felt and Textiles in 1924, holding the position until his death in 1947. During this time the company expanded its product range and opened factories in New Zealand and South Africa. Felt and Textiles expanded into New Zealand in 1929 with the establishment of a subsidiary in Wellington called New Zealand Slippers. A subsidiary of the company started weaving Axminster carpets in Sydney in 1938, the first time that woven carpet had been manufactured in Australia. The company also had wool-scouring mills and factories for processing cow hair for underfelts. By 1945 Felt and Textiles Australia and its subsidiaries were manufacturing carpet, many kinds of felt including "Feltex" moth-proof floor coverings, cotton wool and wadding, woollen clothing and slippers. During World War 2 the company made military boots and special hard felt for shell cases. South African operations began with a slipper factory established in Durban in 1931, and by 1941 the company claimed that most of the shoes and slippers worn in South Africa were made by Feltex. Around 27 percent of the company's net profits in 1960 came from South Africa, where it had 3,250 employees. By 1966 Feltex products were being sold in 49 countries. In 2000 Feltex Carpets became Australasia's biggest carpet manufacturer after it bought out US-based Shaw Industries but by 2005 the company was struggling and it went into receivership in 2006. Factories in New Zealand were at Dannevirke, Feilding, Foxton, Kakariki yarn factory Kakariki wool scouring plant, Gracefield in Lower Hutt, Riccarton and Wainuiomata and in Australia at Tottenham, Hallam, Braybrook and Brooklyn in Melbourne. In 1997 when the Wainuiomata and Kakariki yarn plants closed, the chief executive of Feltex Carpets stated that carpets made up 92 percent of Feltex's business while yarns was just 8 percent. The yarns business was struggling due to the high dollar, decline in hand knitting and less use of wool in fashion fabrics.

text:
# Feltex Carpets

**Feltex Carpets** (originally **Felt and Textiles Limited**) is an Australian manufacturer of residential and commercial carpets.

The company began its manufacturing operations in Australia in 1921, as Felt and Textiles of Australia Ltd. The company was publicly listed and acquired by Australian and New Zealand carpet manufacturer Godfrey Hirst Carpets after going into receivership in 2006. Its well-known residential brands in Australia and New Zealand include Feltex, Redbook and Redbook green. Commercial ranges include Feltex Commercial, Feltex Woven Axminster and Feltex tile.

Henri Van de Velde became managing director of Felt and Textiles in 1924, holding the position until his death in 1947. During this time the company expanded its product range and opened factories in New Zealand and South Africa. Felt and Textiles expanded into New Zealand in 1929 with the establishment of a subsidiary in Wellington called New Zealand Slippers. A subsidiary of the company started weaving Axminster carpets in Sydney in 1938, the first time that woven carpet had been manufactured in Australia. The company also had wool-scouring mills and factories for processing cow hair for underfelts. By 1945 Felt and Textiles Australia and its subsidiaries were manufacturing carpet, many kinds of felt including "Feltex" moth-proof floor coverings, cotton wool and wadding, woollen clothing and slippers. During World War 2 the company made military boots and special hard felt for shell cases.

South African operations began with a slipper factory established in Durban in 1931, and by 1941 the company claimed that most of the shoes and slippers worn in South Africa were made by Feltex. Around 27 percent of the company's net profits in 1960 came from South Africa, where it had 3,250 employees.

By 1966 Feltex products were being sold in 49 countries. In 2000 Feltex Carpets became Australasia's biggest carpet manufacturer after it bought out US-based Shaw Industries but by 2005 the company was struggling and it went into receivership in 2006.

Factories in New Zealand were at Dannevirke, Feilding (closed 2009), Foxton (closed 2009), Kakariki yarn factory (closed 1997) Kakariki wool scouring plant (closed 2006), Gracefield in Lower Hutt, Riccarton (opened 1948, closed 2006) and Wainuiomata (closed 1997) and in Australia at Tottenham, Hallam, Braybrook and Brooklyn in Melbourne. In 1997 when the Wainuiomata and Kakariki yarn plants closed, the chief executive of Feltex Carpets stated that carpets made up 92 percent of Feltex's business while yarns was just 8 percent. The yarns business was struggling due to the high dollar, decline in hand knitting and less use of wool in fashion fabrics.

## Community activity

From 1970 to 1985, Feltex sponsored the New Zealand Feltex Awards, which recognised technical and artistic achievement in television.

## InfoBox

Feltex Carpets Ltd
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Founded | Sydney, Australia, AUS (1921) |
| Headquarters | Geelong, Melbourne, Australia |
| Products | Feltex
Redbook
Redbook Green
Feltex Commercial
Feltex Woven
Feltex Tile
 |
| Number of employees | 820 New Zealand
500 Australian (October 2006) |
| Website | www.feltex.com |


title: Marc Benoît-Lizon

abstract: Marc Prosper Jacques Arthur Benoît-Lizon was a French skier. He competed in the military patrol at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was killed during the First Indochina War.

text:
# Marc Benoît-Lizon

**Marc Prosper Jacques Arthur Benoît-Lizon** (1 November 1921 – 17 September 1950) was a French skier. He competed in the military patrol at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was killed during the First Indochina War.

## Personal life

Benoît-Lizon served as a master sergeant (*sergent-chef*) in the 3rdE REI, French Foreign Legion during the First Indochina War. He commanded a partisan unit during the Battle of Đông Khê, and was severely wounded during the battle. He was bayoneted and killed by Viet Minh troops soon after.

## InfoBox

| Marc Benoît-Lizon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Marc Prosper Jacques Arthur Benoît-Lizon
(1921-11-01)1 November 1921
Les Rousses, France |
| Died | 17 September 1950(1950-09-17) (aged 28)
Đông Khê, French Indochina |


title: French for Love

abstract: French for Love was a Canadian French-language instructional television series which aired on CBC Television from 1965 to 1966.

text:
# French for Love

***French for Love*** was a Canadian French-language instructional television series which aired on CBC Television from 1965 to 1966.

## Premise

This Montreal-produced series taught English audiences how to speak in French. Initial hosts Gerard and Sheila Arthur, a married couple who also created the series, were previously featured on CBC Radio's *Time For French* series. The Arthurs performed sketches to demonstrate French conversation in a manner that could be explained to an English audience. Other features of the episodes included "What The Dictionaries Don't Tell" which described French nuances and idioms, plus "Pages choisies" where Gerard Arthur read a French passage then translated this to English.

New hosts, Felixe Fitzgerald and Paul Hebert, appeared from 28 February 1965 when Gerard Arthur left the series and Sheila Arthur focused on scriptwriting. The Arthurs reappeared in the 1966 season but left the performance of the instructional sketches to actors such as Raymond Cosgrove, Yvon Dufour, Lise Lasalle and Carol Zorro.

## Scheduling

The half-hour series was broadcast regionally on CBMT from 1962. Its first nationally broadcast episodes were aired Sundays at 2:00 p.m. from 3 January to 30 May 1965. The *Time For French* CBC Radio series was renamed to *French For Love* later that year. Episodes of the second network-wide season were broadcast Sundays at 3:30 p.m. from 3 April to 10 July 1966.

## InfoBox

| *French for Love* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | language instruction |
| Created by | Gerard Arthur
Sheila Arthur |
| Presented by | Gerard Arthur
Sheila Arthur |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Denyse Adam |
| Production location | Montreal |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 3 January 1965 (1965-01-03)
10 July 1966 (1966-07-10) |


title: Georgina Jiménez de López

abstract: Georgina Isabel Jiménez de López was a Panamanian sociologist, writer, professor, researcher, feminist, and human rights activist. She was the first female Professor of Sociology in Panama.

text:
# Georgina Jiménez de López

**Georgina Isabel Jiménez de López** (b. 15 February 1904 – d. 1994) was a Panamanian sociologist, writer, professor, researcher, feminist, and human rights activist. She was the first female Professor of Sociology in Panama.

## Biography

Georgina Isabel Jiménez de López was born to parents Paula Rivera Urriola and Antonio Jiménez in Panama City on 15 February 1904, but grew up in Chiriquí. After graduating as a teacher from the normal school of Institutoras in 1922, Jiménez found work at several Panamanian educational institutions and continued to pursue her education. In 1932, she graduated with a bachelor's degree in science from New York University. While working towards a master's degree and then doctorate in political science from Columbia University, Jiménez made income translating and teaching Spanish and lecturing at Panamanian schools and women's clubs.

As a feminist, Jiménez participated in the movement of Clara González in Panama and became one of the founding members of the Feminist Renewal Center of Los Santos, which she would represent at the First Feminist Congress in 1923. She would also was a member of the National Union of Women and held became its secretary in 1945.

Jiménez, Demetrio Porras, and Ofelia Hooper became the pioneers of sociology in Panama and herself became the first woman in the country to teach this discipline in higher education.

## Citations

**Books**

## InfoBox

| Georgina Jiménez de López | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Georgina Isabel Jiménez de López
15 February 1904
Panama City, Panama |
| Died | 1994 |
| Citizenship | Panama ((by birthplace)
United States of America*\[explain status\]* |
| Occupation(s) | Sociologist, writer, professor, feminist, activist |
| Years active | 1940–1994 |
| Political party | Feminist Party of Panama |
| Parents | * Antonio Jiménez (father) * Paula Rivera Urriola (mother) |