title: Hippeastrum reticulatum

abstract: Hippeastrum reticulatum, the netted-veined amaryllis, is a flowering perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to South America.

text:
# Hippeastrum reticulatum

***Hippeastrum reticulatum***, the **netted-veined amaryllis**, is a flowering perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to South America.

## Description

Originally described by L'Héritier as *petalis venosis transversal distincta*, a reference to the defining characteristic of the species with an unusual and exquisite venation of the petals, darker than the purple to pink background color. The seeds are unusual for *Hippeastrum* in being orange-red, round, turgid and fleshy rather than black and paper like.

## Taxonomy

*Hippeastrum reticulatum* was one of the earliest Hippeastrums to be discovered and was introduced to Europe in 1777 by Edward Whitaker Gray from Brazil, as documented by William Aiton in his *Hortus Kewensis* (1789). It was described by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1788 as one of a number of species of *Amaryllis*, *Amaryllis reticulata*, it was later recognised by Herbert in 1824 as a member of the separate South American genus *Hippeastrum* rather than *Amaryllis* which is confined to South Africa, and thus as *Hippeastrum reticulatum* (L'Hér.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 51: t. 2475 (1824).

### Subdivision

Some sources follow Herbert (1837) in stating that there are two varieties, *reticulatum* and *striatifolium*. A third variety, *strictum* Herb., is sometimes also included. This division into varieties is not accepted by the World Checklist.

### Etymology

The specific epithet *reticulatum* is Latin for "netted", referring to the venation of the petals.

## Distribution and habitat

From Argentina to Brazil, growing in wet sandy soil. In Brazil they are found under Mussununga forest whose smaller canopy allows more light to reach the forest floor.

## Ecology

*Hippeastrum reticulatum* blooms in late summer to autumn, with an active growing season of autumn to early winter, and requires a semi-dormant period of 4–6 weeks during late winter and early spring. The species is unusual amongst *Hippeastrum*, in being self-fertile.

## Bibliography

### Historical

### Databases

### Flora

### Other

## InfoBox

| *Hippeastrum reticulatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Genus: | *Hippeastrum* |
| Species: | ***H. reticulatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hippeastrum reticulatum***<br>(L'Hér.) Herb. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Amaryllis reticulata* * (*See also World Checklist of Selected Plant Families*). | |


title: Monsters Ate My Birthday Cake

abstract: Monsters Ate My Birthday Cake is a game developed by American indie studio SleepNinja Games for the iPad, Android and PC systems and published by Cartoon Network. It was released on 1 July 2014. The art and animation was done by Justin Baldwin, the programming by Yori Kvitchko and Brandon Moreno, the writing by Alex Atkins, sound design by Jordan Fehr. the music by Rich Vreeland, who had previously done the soundtrack of Fez. Development was assisted by a Kickstarter campaign that began in January 2013, and a demo version was displayed at the Portland Retro Gaming Expo in October 2013. Aimed at younger gamers, the game has simple puzzles early on and about ten hours of gameplay.

text:
# Monsters Ate My Birthday Cake

***Monsters Ate My Birthday Cake*** is a game developed by American indie studio SleepNinja Games for the iPad, Android and PC systems and published by Cartoon Network. It was released on 1 July 2014. The art and animation was done by Justin Baldwin, the programming by Yori Kvitchko and Brandon Moreno, the writing by Alex Atkins, sound design by Jordan Fehr. the music by Rich Vreeland, who had previously done the soundtrack of *Fez*. Development was assisted by a Kickstarter campaign that began in January 2013, and a demo version was displayed at the Portland Retro Gaming Expo in October 2013. Aimed at younger gamers, the game has simple puzzles early on and about ten hours of gameplay.

## Gameplay

It is a strategic puzzle game, with a boy protagonist Niko, who is joined by friendly monsters in his quest against the evil boogens. Niko is initially alone, but is soon joined by monsters, each of which has a unique ability such as burrowing in dirt areas, charging down brittle obstacles, freezing water so rivers can be crossed, or shattering crystal with piercing shrieks. Control can be switched between Niko and monsters. Niko can buy different outfits, some of which have special powers. He can also collect coins to buy items or fetch treasure to return to grateful villagers or monsters. There are four regions to explore outside of Niko's village.

## Reception

The game was highly rated by ABC's *Good Game: Spawn Point* hosts Hex and Bajo, who gave it 8.5 and 9 out of 10 rubber chickens respectively. Marcus Estrada praised the monster switching and found the game "fun", rating it 3.5 out of 5. Listed number 1 on a list of 18 "addictive" little games by CoolSmartPhone.

## InfoBox

| Monsters Ate My Birthday Cake | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | SleepNinja Games |
| Programmer(s) | Yori Kvitchko<br>Brandon Moreno |
| Artist(s) | Justin Baldwin |
| Writer(s) | Alex Atkins |
| Composer(s) | Rich Vreeland |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | 1 July 2014 |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Ardsley and Robin Hood (ward)

abstract: Ardsley and Robin Hood is an electoral ward of Leeds City Council in the south of Leeds, West Yorkshire, covering suburb areas and villages including Robin Hood, Tingley as well as both West and East Ardsley.

text:
# Ardsley and Robin Hood (ward)

**Ardsley and Robin Hood** is an electoral ward of Leeds City Council in the south of Leeds, West Yorkshire, covering suburb areas and villages including Robin Hood, Tingley as well as both West and East Ardsley.

## Councillors

| Election | Councillor | | Councillor | | Councillor | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2006 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2007 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2008 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2010 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2011 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2012 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2014 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2015 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2016 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| *January 2018* |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Jack Dunn (Ind) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2018 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Ben Garner (Lab)<br> |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2019 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Ben Garner (Lab) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2021 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Mike Foster (Con) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2022 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Mike Foster (Con) |  | Lisa Mulherin (Lab) |
| 2023 |  | Karen Renshaw (Lab) |  | Mike Foster (Con) |  | Stephen Holroyd-Case (Lab) |
| 2024 |  | Karen Renshaw\* (Lab) |  | Karen Bruce\* (Lab) |  | Stephen Holroyd-Case\* (Lab) |

indicates seat up for re-election.   indicates councillor defection. *** indicates incumbent councillor.

## Elections since 2010

### May 2024

2024
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Karen Bruce** | **2,240** | **41.4** | **−2.1** |
|  | Conservative | Mike Foster\* | 1,455 | 26.9 | +3.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tom Leadley | 907 | 16.8 | −8.7 |
|  | Yorkshire | Claire Buxton | 449 | 8.3 | *New* |
|  | Green | Alaric Hall | 261 | 4.8 | ±0.0 |
|  | SDP | Mark Daniels | 102 | 1.9 | ±0.0 |
| Majority | | | 785 | 14.5 | −3.5 |
| Turnout | | | 5,446 | 30.9 | +1.3 |
|  | Labour Co-op **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +0.6 |  |

### May 2023

2023
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Stephen Holroyd-Case** | **2,284** | **43.5** | **−1.8** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tom Leadley | 1,338 | 25.5 | +19.2 |
|  | Conservative | Lalit Suryawanshi | 1,237 | 23.6 | −15.9 |
|  | Green | Leon Zadok | 254 | 4.8 | −1.6 |
|  | SDP | Daniel Whetstone | 101 | 1.9 | +0.1 |
| Majority | | | 946 | 18.0 | +12.3 |
| Turnout | | | 5,249 | 29.6 | −2.4 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### May 2022

2022
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Karen Renshaw\*** | **2,572** | **45.3** | **+4.0** |
|  | Conservative | Alan Shires | 2,246 | 39.5 | −7.5 |
|  | Green | Marcus Cain | 362 | 6.4 | +0.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Benjamin Ward | 360 | 6.3 | +2.2 |
|  | SDP | Andrew Martin | 105 | 1.8 | +0.7 |
| Majority | | | 326 | 5.7 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 5,679 | 32.0 | −4.0 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### May 2021

2021
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Mike Foster** | **3,006** | **47.0** | **+21.6** |
|  | Labour Co-op | Ben Garner\* | 2,639 | 41.3 | +5.6 |
|  | Green | Colin Noble | 372 | 5.8 | +0.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Benjamin Ward | 260 | 4.1 | −0.5 |
|  | SDP | David Creasser | 71 | 1.1 | +0.5 |
| Majority | | | 367 | 5.7 | −4.6 |
| Turnout | | | 6,396 | 36.0 | +7.9 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour Co-op | | Swing |  |  |

### May 2019

2019
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Lisa Mulherin\*** | **1,738** | **35.7** | **+0.8** |
|  | Conservative | Mike Foster | 1,238 | 25.4 | −2.5 |
|  | Independent | Tom Leadley | 798 | 16.4 | +16.4 |
|  | UKIP | Lindon Dove | 596 | 12.2 | +12.2 |
|  | Green | Rich Daley | 249 | 5.1 | −2.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ben Ward | 225 | 4.6 | −0.3 |
|  | SDP | Daniel Whetstone | 28 | 0.6 | +0.6 |
| Majority | | | 500 | 10.3 | +3.3 |
| Turnout | | | 4,902 | 28.1 | −2.8 |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing | +1.7 |  |

### May 2018

2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Karen Renshaw\*** | **2,371** | **34.9** | **−11.2** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Ben Garner** | **2,074** |  |  |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Lisa Mulherin\*** | **2,013** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Mike Foster | 1,897 | 27.9 | +4.1 |
|  | Independent | Jack Dunn\* | 1,694 | 24.9 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Kirsty Baldwin | 1,686 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Cameron Stephenson | 1,610 |  |  |
|  | Green | Emma Carter | 503 | 7.4 | +4.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | George Hall | 332 | 4.9 | +0.3 |
| Majority | | | 474 | 7.0 | −15.3 |
| Turnout | | | 17,530 | 30.9 | +2.4 |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### May 2016

2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Karen Renshaw\*** | **2,248** | **46.1** | **+6.6** |
|  | Conservative | Tim Atkin | 1,161 | 23.8 | −9.1 |
|  | UKIP | Lindon Dove | 1,096 | 22.5 | +2.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Benjamin Lloyd Ward | 225 | 4.6 | +1.2 |
|  | Green | Lyssie Page | 143 | 2.9 | +0.8 |
| Majority | | | 1,087 | 22.3 | +15.7 |
| Turnout | | | 4,873 | 28.5 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### May 2015

2015
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jack Dunn\*** | **4,301** | **39.5** | **−9.2** |
|  | Conservative | Timothy Atkin | 3,582 | 32.9 | +9.4 |
|  | UKIP | David Daniel | 2,238 | 20.5 | +13.9 |
|  | Green | Jude Omidiran | 399 | 3.7 | +3.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Victoria Bishop-Rowe | 373 | 3.4 | −2.8 |
| Majority | | | 719 | 6.6 | −18.5 |
| Turnout | | | 10,893 | 62.3 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | −9.3 |  |

### May 2014

2014
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Lisa Mulherin\*** | **1,865** | **36.0** |  |
|  | UKIP | David Daniel | 1,593 | 30.7 |  |
|  | Conservative | Tim Atkin | 929 | 17.9 |  |
|  | Independent | Wyn Kidger | 482 | 9.3 |  |
|  | Green | Carl James | 176 | 3.4 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Benjamin Ward | 139 | 2.7 |  |
| Majority | | | 272 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,184 | 30.18 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### May 2012

2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Karen Renshaw\*** | **2,318** | **50.2** | **+1.5** |
|  | Conservative | Sophie Tempest | 884 | 19.2 | −4.4 |
|  | English Democrat | Joanna Beverley | 787 | 17.1 | +2.0 |
|  | Morley Borough Independent | Wyn Kidger | 626 | 13.6 | +13.6 |
| Majority | | | 1,434 | 31.1 | +6.0 |
| Turnout | | | 4,615 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +2.9 |  |

### May 2011

2011
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jack Dunn\*** | **2,847** | **48.7** | **+7.5** |
|  | Conservative | Robert Buxton | 1,377 | 23.5 | −1.3 |
|  | English Democrat | Joanna Beverley | 880 | 15.0 | +15.0 |
|  | UKIP | Karen Foster | 384 | 6.6 | +2.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Katherine Bavage | 360 | 6.2 | −10.0 |
| Majority | | | 1,470 | 25.1 | +8.7 |
| Turnout | | | 5,848 | 34 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +4.4 |  |

### May 2010

2010
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Lisa Mulherin\*** | **4,437** | **41.2** | **+11.4** |
|  | Conservative | Stewart McArdle | 2,671 | 24.8 | +2.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Katherine Bavage | 1,742 | 16.2 | +9.2 |
|  | BNP | Joanna Beverley | 1,490 | 13.8 | −15.7 |
|  | UKIP | David Daniel | 424 | 3.9 | +0.4 |
| Majority | | | 1,766 | 16.4 | +16.2 |
| Turnout | | | 10,764 | 63.2 | +27.7 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +4.7 |  |

1. "Councillor Karen Bruce". *democracy.leeds.gov.uk*. Leeds City Council. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
2. "Councillor Stephen Holroyd-Case". *democracy.leeds.gov.uk*. Leeds City Council. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
3. "Councillor Karen Renshaw". *democracy.leeds.gov.uk*. Leeds City Council. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
4. "Councillor Jack Dunn". *democracy.leeds.gov.uk*. Leeds City Council. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
5. "Councillor Lisa Mulherin". *democracy.leeds.gov.uk*. Leeds City Council. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
6. "Long-serving councillor resigns from Leeds Labour group amid "fit-up" claims". *Yorkshire Evening Post*. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
7. "Councillor Ben Garner". *democracy.leeds.gov.uk*. Leeds City Council. Retrieved 13 October 2018.

## InfoBox

| Ardsley and Robin Hood | |
| --- | --- |
| Ardsley and Robin Hood highlighted within Leeds | |
| Population | 17,762 (2023 electorate) |
| Metropolitan borough |  |
| Metropolitan county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Councillors | * Karen Bruce (Labour) * Stephen Holroyd-Case (Labour) * Karen Renshaw (Labour) |
|


abstract: The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best foreign language film of the year.

text:
# Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film

The **Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film** (**Best Film Not in the English Language**) is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best foreign language film of the year.

## Winners

### 1990s

| Year | English title | Original title | Country | Director |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Shall We Dance?* | *Shall We Dansu?* | Japan | Masayuki Suo |
| 1998 | *Life Is Beautiful* | *La vita è bella* | Italy | Roberto Benigni |
| 1999 | *Run Lola Run* | *Lola rennt* | Germany | Tom Tykwer |

### 2000s

| Year | English title | Original title | Country | Director |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon* | *Wo hu cang long* | China | Ang Lee |
| 2001 | *Amélie* | *Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain* | France/Germany | Jean-Pierre Jeunet |
| 2002 | *And Your Mother Too* | *Y Tu Mamá También* | Mexico | Alfonso Cuarón |
| 2003 | *City of God* | *Cidade de Deus* | Brazil | Fernando Meirelles |
| 2004 | *Hero* | *Ying xiong* | China/Hong Kong | Zhang Yimou |
| 2005 | *Downfall* | *Der Untergang* | Germany | Oliver Hirschbiegel |
| 2006 | *Pan's Labyrinth* | *El laberinto del fauno* | Mexico | Guillermo del Toro |
| 2007 | *The Diving Bell and the Butterfly* | *Le scaphandre et le papillon* | France/USA | Julian Schnabel |
| 2008 | *Let the Right One In* | *Låt den rätte komma in* | Sweden | Tomas Alfredson |
| 2009 | *The White Ribbon* | *Das weiße Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte* | Germany | Michael Haneke |

### 2010s

| Year | English title | Original title | Country | Director |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Mother* | *Madeo* | South Korea | Bong Joon-ho |
| 2011 | *A Separation* | *Jodái-e Náder az Simin* | Iran | Asghar Farhadi |
| 2012 | *Holy Motors* | | France/Germany | Leos Carax |
| 2013 | *Blue Is the Warmest Colour* | *La vie d'Adèle* | France | Abdellatif Kechiche |
| 2014 | *Two Days, One Night* | *Deux jours, une nuit* | Belgium | Luc Dardenne and Jean-Pierre Dardenne |
| 2015 | *The Assassin* | *Nie yin niang* | Taiwan | Hou Hsiao-hsien |
| 2016 | *The Handmaiden* | *Agassi* | South Korea | Park Chan-wook |
| 2017 | *BPM (Beats per Minute)* | *120 battements par minute* | France | Robin Campillo |
| 2018 | *Roma* | | Mexico | Alfonso Cuarón |
| 2019 | *Parasite* | *Gisaengchung* | South Korea | Bong Joon-ho |

### 2020s

| Year | English title | Original title | Country | Director |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | *Minari* | - | United States | Lee Isaac Chung |
| 2021 | *Drive My Car* | ドライブ・マイ・カー (*Doraibu Mai Kā*) | Japan | Ryusuke Hamaguchi |
| 2022 | *Decision to Leave* | 헤어질 결심 (*Heeojil gyeolsim*) | South Korea | Park Chan-wook |
| 2023 | *Anatomy of a Fall* | *Anatomie d'une chute* | France | Justine Triet |
|

* "OFCS - Awards". 3 January 2012. Retrieved 2020-12-22.


title: Jothi (1939 film)

abstract: Jothi is an Indian Tamil language film directed by T. R. Raghunath and was released in 1939. It is the life story of Saint Ramalinga Swamigal popularly known as Vallalar. No print of the film is known to survive, making it a lost film.

text:
# Jothi (1939 film)

***Jothi*** (alternatively titled ***Sri Jyothi Ramalinga Swamigal***) is an Indian Tamil language film directed by T. R. Raghunath and was released in 1939. It is the life story of Saint Ramalinga Swamigal popularly known as *Vallalar*. No print of the film is known to survive, making it a lost film.

## Cast

K. A. Muthu Bhagavathar as *Ramalinga Swamigal*
P. G. Venkatesan
V. B. Ramaiah as *Ramalinga Swamigal's father*
M. G. Chakrapani
T. V. Janakam
K. S. Sankara Iyer
K. S. Velayudham
Miss. Madurai A. Sundaram as *Ramalinga Swamigal's mother*
Saravanabhavanandar
N. S. Krishnan
T. A. Mathuram
P. S. Krishnaveni
M. R. Swaminathan
K. K. Soundar
B. Gopal
M. R. Subramaniam
V. Nataraj
‘Master’ Ramudu as *Child Ramalinga Swamigal*
‘Master’ Mahadevan as *teenager Ramalinga Swamigal*
Rajammal
T. M. Pattammal
M. S. Kannammal
H. S. Tawkar
S. R. Sami
Ramalakshmi
‘Master’ Muthu

## Crew

## Soundtrack

Madurai Mariappa Swamigal scored the music and wrote the lyrics. This is the first film where he worked as music director. Singers are: P. G. Venkatesan, Muthuswamy, N. S. Krishnan and T. A. Mathuram.

Some Songs from the film

## InfoBox

| Jothi | |
| --- | --- |
| Film Poster | |
| ஜோதி | |
| Directed by | T. R. Raghunath |
| Written by | C. A. Lakshmanadas |
| Screenplay by | Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar |
| Story by | Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar |
| Based on | The life of Vadalur Ramalinga Vallalar |
| Starring | K. A. Muthu Bhagavathar
P. G. Venkatesan
V. B. Ramaiah
M. G. Chakrapani
Miss. Madurai A. Sundaram
Saravanabhavanandar
N. S. Krishnan
T. A. Mathuram |
| Cinematography | A. Kapoor |
| Music by | Madurai Mariappa Swamigal |
| Production
company | Jothi Pictures |
| Release date | * 16 March 1939 (1939-03-16) (India) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Isles of the Sea GAA

abstract: Isles of the Sea GAA was a Gaelic Athletic Association gaelic football club in the Ringsend area of County Dublin, Ireland.

text:
# Isles of the Sea GAA

**Isles of the Sea GAA** (Irish: *Inse na Mara* ) was a Gaelic Athletic Association gaelic football club in the Ringsend area of County Dublin, Ireland.

## History

The club was founded in the late 1880s in the very early years of the GAA.

The Dublin Senior Football Championship was won on three occasions (1890, 1895 and 1901) and players from the club backboned the Dublin team that won the 1901 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship on 2 August 1903.

The club first won the championship in 1890 beating Young Irelands 0-5 to 0-0 in the final, captained by Charlie Thompson. The captain for the second win in 1895 was Tommy Dunne.

In the 1901 Dublin final, Isles of the Sea, captained by Dan Holland, defeated Kickhams and the club was awarded the Dublin senior championship cup to keep permanently and the cup is now in the museum in Collins Barracks near Heuston station. Isles of the Sea then qualified for the 1901 All Ireland Final against London Hibernians, winning 0-14 to 0-2. The captain of London Hibernians was Sam Maguire after whom the All-Ireland trophy would later be named.

Isles had four Whelans in the team, Val Harris, who went on to play international soccer for Ireland and at the top level in England for Everton and Thomas Doyle, grandfather of another future Republic of Ireland international soccer player Jackie Mooney.

## Roll of Honour

## InfoBox

Isles of the Sea
| *Inse na Mara* | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded: | 1889 |
| County: | Dublin |


title: Handmade (Hindi Zahra album)

abstract: Handmade is the debut album by Hindi Zahra, released in 2010. A Deluxe edition was released in 2011 that also included previously unreleased tracks.

text:
# Handmade (Hindi Zahra album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Guardian* | link |
| *The Times* | link |

***Handmade*** is the debut album by Hindi Zahra, released in 2010. A Deluxe edition was released in 2011 that also included previously unreleased tracks.

## Track listing

### *Handmade* (2010 edition)

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Beautiful Tango" | 3:58 |
| 2. | "Oursoul" | 3:18 |
| 3. | "Fascination" | 3:39 |
| 4. | "Set Me Free" | 4:04 |
| 5. | "Kiss & Thrills" | 3:51 |
| 6. | "At the Same Time" | 3:23 |
| 7. | "Imik Si Mik" | 3:53 |
| 8. | "Stand Up" | 4:40 |
| 9. | "Music" | 3:49 |
| 10. | "Don't Forget" | 3:47 |
| 11. | "Old Friends" | 3:02 |

### *Handmade Deluxe edition* (2011)

Same as 2010 edition with the additional unplugged tracks:

* 12. "Ahiawa" (Unplugged)
* 13. "The Man I Love" (Unplugged)
* 14. "Beautiful Tango" (Unplugged)
* 15. "Oursoul" (Unplugged)
* 16. "He Needs Me" (Unplugged)
* 17. "Don't Forget" (Unplugged)

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 50,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

1. "French album certifications – Hindi Zahra – Handmade" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 27 September 2019.

## InfoBox

| Handmade | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hindi Zahra | |
| Released | 2010 |
| Label | EMI/Blue Note |


title: Theodoxus meridionalis

abstract: Theodoxus meridionalis is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

text:
# Theodoxus meridionalis

***Theodoxus meridionalis*** is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum. It is an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

## Distribution

The distribution of this species includes Sicily (which is part of Italy), and north-western Tunisia.

The type locality is Syracuse, Sicily.

## Description

The shell is cone-shaped to half-egg-shaped, almost smooth and weakly shiny. The color is pale yellowish with dark red to blackish zigzag streaks.

Dimensions of the shell are 4-5 × 7-8 mm.

## Ecology

This small snail lives in cold running waters.

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference

## InfoBox

| *Theodoxus meridionalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Two views of a shell of *Theodoxus meridionalis*; the left view has the operculum in place in a partially open position | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Neritimorpha |
| Order: | Cycloneritida |
| Family: | Neritidae |
| Genus: | *Theodoxus* |
| Species: | ***T. meridionalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Theodoxus meridionalis***
(Philippi, 1836) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Nerita meridionalis* Philippi, 1836 | |


title: PCDH17

abstract: Protocadherin-17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDH17 gene. This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein contains six extracellular cadherin domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail differing from those of the classical cadherins. The encoded protein may play a role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. PCDH17 promoter methylation is found to be closely associated with bladder cancer malignancy

text:
# PCDH17

**Protocadherin-17** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *PCDH17* gene.

This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein contains six extracellular cadherin domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail differing from those of the classical cadherins. The encoded protein may play a role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. PCDH17 promoter methylation is found to be closely associated with bladder cancer malignancy

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| PCDH17 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | PCDH17, PCDH68, PCH68, protocadherin 17 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 611760; MGI: 2684924; HomoloGene: 8700; GeneCards: PCDH17; OMA:PCDH17 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001040429<br>NM\_014459   NM\_001013753   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001035519   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 57.63 – 57.73 Mb Chr 14: 84.68 – 84.78 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Wait (The Whisper Song)

abstract: "Wait" is a song by American crunk duo Ying Yang Twins, It was released on March 1, 2005, as the lead single from their fourth studio album, U.S.A. (2005). The song consists of a minimal bass pulse, a few finger-snaps, and whispered, sexually explicit lyrics. The song's unique sound was mixed by Atlanta sound engineer Joel Mullis, who is currently affiliated with the production company 340 Music. "Wait" became a hit single, reaching No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# Wait (The Whisper Song)

"**Wait (The Whisper Song)**" is a song by American crunk duo Ying Yang Twins, It was released on March 1, 2005, as the lead single from their fourth studio album, *U.S.A. (United State of Atlanta)* (2005). The song consists of a minimal bass pulse, a few finger-snaps, and whispered, sexually explicit lyrics. The song's unique sound was mixed by Atlanta sound engineer Joel Mullis, who is currently affiliated with the production company 340 Music. "Wait" became a hit single, reaching No. 15 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Content

The song interprets a man rhythmically whispering sexually explicit messages into a woman's ear, with her becoming interested and sexually turned-on. The song is well-known for the radio/edited versions featuring female moans and vocalizations—instead of “blips” or silence—over many of the sexual words. The chorus, one of the song’s most memorable parts, says “beat the p\***y up” several times, with a sexually-suggestive woman gasping each time the word “p\***y” is said.

The song was parodied by The Lonely Island's Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone on *Saturday Night Live* in a sketch titled "Bing Bong Brothers".

Sarah and Naomi from the R&B group Electrik Red are seen in the music video.

The official remix version of the song features Lil Scrappy, Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott and Free.

The video features Regina King, Kerry Washington, Michelle Van Der Water, and future *Big Brother* houseguest, Brittany Martinez, among others.

In 2022, American R&B singer Bryson Tiller sampled the song for his single "Outside". The Ying Yang Twins appeared in the music video to the song.

## Track listing

Australian CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Clean Version) | 3:03 |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Non-Suggestive) (Radio Mix) | 3:02 |
| 3. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Street Version) | 3:02 |
| 4. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Acapella) | 2:44 |
| 5. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Director's Cut Video) | 3:19 |
| Total length: | | 11:48 |

European CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Street Version) |  |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Clean Version) |  |

European enhanced CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Street Version) |  |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Non-Suggestive) (Radio Mix) |  |
| 3. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Clean Version) |  |
| 4. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Acapella) |  |
| 5. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Director's Cut Video) |  |

UK 12-inch vinyl – Side A
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" |  |
| 2. | "What's Happnin!" (featuring Trick Daddy) |  |

UK 12-inch vinyl – Side B
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Remix) (featuring Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, Lil Scrappy, Free & Mr. Collipark) |  |
| 2. | "What's Happnin!" (featuring Trick Daddy and Pitbull) |  |

UK CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" | 3:05 |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Remix) (featuring Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, Lil Scrappy, Free & Mr. Collipark) | 4:05 |
| 3. | "What's Happnin!" (featuring Trick Daddy and Pitbull) | 4:38 |
| 4. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Video) | 5:14 |

US 12-inch vinyl – Side A
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Clean) |  |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Non-Suggestive Radio Mix) |  |
| 3. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Street) |  |

US 12-inch vinyl – Side B
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Instrumental) |  |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Acapella) |  |

US Remix 12-inch vinyl – Side A
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Remix) (Radio) (featuring Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, Lil Scrappy, Free & Mr. Collipark) |  |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Remix) (Street) (featuring Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, Lil Scrappy, Free & Mr. Collipark) |  |

US Remix 12-inch vinyl – Side B
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Remix) (Instrumental) |  |
| 2. | "Wait (The Whisper Song)" (Remix) (Acapella) (featuring Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, Lil Scrappy, Free & Mr. Collipark) |  |

## Charts

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | February 22, 2005 | Urban contemporary radio | TVT |  |
|

## InfoBox

| "Wait (The Whisper Song)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Ying Yang Twins | |
| from the album  *U.S.A. (United State of Atlanta)* | |
| Released | March 1, 2005 |
| Recorded | 2005 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:59 |
| Label | TVT Records |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Mr. Collipark |
| Ying Yang Twins singles chronology | |
| "In da Club"
(2004) "**Wait (The Whisper Song)**"
(2005) "Badd"
(2005) | |


title: Nicolas Godin

abstract: Nicolas Godin is a French musician best known for being one half of the music duo Air.

text:
# Nicolas Godin

**Nicolas Godin** (born 25 December 1969) is a French musician best known for being one half of the music duo Air.

## Early life

Godin was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France, and studied architecture at the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Versailles, along with soon to be musical partner, Jean-Benoît Dunckel, a mathematics student.

Before founding Air, Godin played in the band Orange, with others such as Jean-Benoît Dunckel, Alex Gopher, Xavier Jamaux, and Jean de Reydellet. He and Jean-Benoît have been working together since they were teenagers in the 1980s.

## Early career

Contrary to the popular belief, the name of the band Air does not stand for "Amour, Imagination, Rêve" (love, imagination, dream), but rather for description of their music which the duo describes as "airy" (in French *aérien*). In the beginning, it was a one‑person project. Godin, then an architecture student and amateur musician, was asked by a childhood friend to write a song for a compilation to be released by Source, a small French independent label. "Modulor Mix", a tribute to Le Corbusier, was recorded on Godin's Portastudio, and appeared on the *Source Lab* album in 1995. With several remixes, it was re‑released on British label Mo' Wax in 1996.

## Air

Following this small success, Godin asked his friend Jean-Benoît Dunckel, a classically trained pianist, to join him in Air. Together, they produced further 'maxi‑singles' for Source, with titles like "J'ai Dormi Sous L'eau", "Les Professionnels", "Casanova 70" and "Le Soleil Est Près De Moi". Finally, in 1997, Source asked Air to record a whole album. The duo spent several months in a recording studio near Paris called Studio de Saint‑Nom, and asked a friend—freelance engineer and former Plus XXX assistant Stéphane 'Alf' Briat—to work as a sound engineer on that project.

Their full-length debut studio album *Moon Safari*, released in 1998, was propelled to chart success by the singles "Sexy Boy", "Kelly Watch the Stars" and "All I Need". Its mixture of synths, strings and guitar made it a unique release in the electronic music genre at the time. *Moon Safari* went platinum in the United Kingdom and gold in France.

## Solo projects

On 18 September 2015, Godin released his first solo album *Contrepoint* (Because Music), inspired by the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. Godin composed the soundtrack for French series *A Very Secret Service* (2015–2018). Godin released his second studio album *Concrete and Glass* on 24 January 2020 via Because Music.

## Discography

### Albums

| Title | Year | Peak positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | FRA
 | BEL
(Fl)
 | BEL
(Wa)
 |
| *Contrepoint* | 2015 | 75 | 95 | 43 |
| *Concrete and Glass* | 2020 | 149
 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Nicolas Godin | |
| --- | --- |
| Godin at Deauville American Film Festival 2011 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1969-12-25) 25 December 1969
Le Chesnay, Île-de-France, France |
| Genres | Electronic, downtempo, space rock |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Keyboards, bass guitar, guitar, vocals, vocoder, harmonica, shamisen, koto, drums, banjo |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Labels | Virgin, Because Music |
|  | |
| Website | www.aircheology.com |


title: Montipora flabellata

abstract: Montipora flabellata, known by the common name blue rice coral, is a species of coral in the family Acroporidae. It is found growing on coral reefs in tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is known to be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Its Hawaiian name translated to Polū laiki ko‘a, polū meaning blue, laiki meaning rice, and ko‘a meaning corals in ʻŌlelo Hawaii.

text:
# Montipora flabellata

***Montipora flabellata***, known by the common name **blue rice coral**, is a species of coral in the family Acroporidae. It is found growing on coral reefs in tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is known to be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Its Hawaiian name translated to Polū laiki ko‘a, polū meaning blue, laiki meaning rice, and ko‘a meaning corals in ʻŌlelo Hawaii.

## Morphology and anatomy

Usually blue (which may photograph pink), also brown or purple. Colonies are encrusting, with irregular lobes. The reproductive traits of *Montipora fabellata* (Studer 1901) show a narrow distribution and are typically restricted to shallow water with high wave energy and irradiance with an encrusting growth form.

Colonies are encrusting, with irregular lobes. Corallites are small (0.5 mm diameter). Papillae cover the colony surface and are sometimes fused into ridges. Septa are poorly developed. Encrusting lilac, pink, blue, or rarely brown sheets with calices immersed between irregular ridges of fused rods. Fluorescent blue color is only present in photographs taken with sunlight.

## Distribution and habitat

Found in Hawai'i and the Central Pacific. The species is endemic to Hawaiʻi and currently under review for listing as threatened or endangered species under the US Endangered Species Act. There are recordings of highest predicted cover for M. flabellata along the east coasts of Kauai and Oʻahu and wave sheltered areas of Maui Nui. It is also relatively abundant statewide but typically has a very restricted niche, one of high wave energy, water flow, and high UVR exposure. Common in shallow water exposed to surge. The species likes shores with high wave action, such as winter ‘big wave’ surf in habitat characteristic of *M*. *flabellata*., making it an ideal location to inhabit. This hard coral is common in shallow water exposed to surge, in the highest wave energy environments. *M*. *flabellata* is less common and more restricted to shallow reef habitat, colonies of the species were found between 1 and 4 m depth.

The species is a broadcasting, simultaneous hermaphrodites that release egg-sperm bundles. Most coral where spawning was linked to the new moon, *M*. *flabellata* does not appear to follow a similarly correlated lunar phase environmental cue. Both light and heavy *M*. *flabellata* spawns were spread throughout most of the summer in years monitored and without a clearly delineated lunar phase. There is no clearly defined beginning or end of gametogenesis in *M*. *flabellata*. Temperature was the best seasonal predictor of spawning in *M. flabellata*.

Gamete development among and within colonies was characterized by even greater variability across an even broader gametogenic cycle. *Montipora flabellata* had a diverse size and maturity range of oocytes yearlong with an increase in proportion of mature oocytes during the midsummer that gradually declined into the early fall months, but large mature oocytes were always present. Testes in *M. flabellata* matured in conjunction with oocytes and were also observed in varying stages throughout the year, but, unlike oocytes, there were no late-stage spermatocytes in the winter and spring. *Montipora flabellata* spawning was spread sporadically throughout much of the summer and did not seem to strongly correlate with a particular moon phase.

Data related to Montipora flabellata at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Montipora flabellata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Scleractinia |
| Family: | Acroporidae |
| Genus: | *Montipora* |
| Species: | ***M. flabellata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Montipora flabellata***
Studer, 1901 | |
|


title: Archaeal H/ACA sRNA

abstract: In archaea like in eukaryotes, uridines in various RNAs are converted to pseudouridines by ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) containing H/ACA sRNA. Because of their conserved function, these sRNAs are also called small "nucleolar" RNAs (snoRNA) like in eukaryotes, despite no nucleus is present in prokaryotes. By using various computational and experimental approaches in three Pyrococcus genomes seven H/ACA sRNAs and 15 pseudouridine (Ψ) resides on rRNA were identified. One H/ACA motif was shown to guide up to three distinct pseudouridylations. Atypical pseudouridine guide RNA features were identified in Pyrobaculum species. Lack of the conserved 3'-terminal ACA sequence and sometimes lack of 5' portion of the pseudouridylation pocket feature in few conserved Pyrobaculum H/ACA-like sRNAs. A study by Toffano-Nioche et al. proposes an unified structure/function model based on the common structural components in "Euryarchaeota" and Thermoproteota shared by H/ACA and H/ACA-like motifs.

text:
# Archaeal H/ACA sRNA

In archaea like in eukaryotes, uridines in various RNAs are converted to pseudouridines by ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) containing H/ACA sRNA. Because of their conserved function, these sRNAs are also called small "nucleolar" RNAs (snoRNA) like in eukaryotes, despite no nucleus is present in prokaryotes. By using various computational and experimental approaches in three *Pyrococcus* genomes seven H/ACA sRNAs and 15 pseudouridine (Ψ) resides on rRNA were identified. One H/ACA motif was shown to guide up to three distinct pseudouridylations. Atypical pseudouridine guide RNA features were identified in *Pyrobaculum* species. Lack of the conserved 3'-terminal ACA sequence and sometimes lack of 5' portion of the pseudouridylation pocket feature in few conserved *Pyrobaculum* H/ACA-like sRNAs. A study by Toffano-Nioche *et al.* proposes an unified structure/function model based on the common structural components in "Euryarchaeota" and Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota) shared by H/ACA and H/ACA-like motifs .

Other archaeal sRNAs:


title: Onizuka Station

abstract: Onizuka Station Onizuka Station is a passenger railway station operated by JR Kyushu located in the city of Karatsu, Saga Prefecture, Japan.

text:
# Onizuka Station

**Onizuka Station** (鬼塚駅, *Onizuka-eki*) is a passenger railway station operated by JR Kyushu located in the city of Karatsu, Saga Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

The station is served by the Karatsu Line and is located 36.6 km from the starting point of the line at Kubota. The local services of the Chikuhi Line also use the Karatsu Line tracks in the sector between Karatsu and Yamamoto and also stop at this station.

## Station layout

The station, which is unstaffed, consists of an island platform serving two tracks at grade. There is no station building, only a shelter on the platform for waiting passengers. Access to the island platform is by means of a level crossing with steps at the platform end. A bike shed is provided near the station entrance.

### Platforms

| **west** | JK Karatsu Line / Chikuhi Line | for Karatsu and Nishi-Karatsu |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **east** | JK Karatsu Line / Chikuhi Line | for Saga
for Imari |

## History

The station was opened by the Karatsu Kogyo Railway on 13 June 1899 as an additional station on a stretch of track which it had laid in 1898 from Miyoken (now Nishi-Karatsu) to Yamamoto. On 23 February 1902, the company, now renamed the Karatsu Railway, merged with the Kyushu Railway. When the Kyushu Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1907, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) took over control of the station. On 12 October 1909, the line which served the station was designated the Karatsu Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Kyushu.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2015, there were a total of 36,601 boarding passengers, giving a daily average of 100 passengers.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Onizuka Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Onizuka Station
鬼塚駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Onizuka Station in 2009 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1 Yabutaonizuka, Karatsu-shi, Saga-ken 847-0005
Japan |
| Coordinates | 33°25′12″N 129°59′13″E / 33.42000°N 129.98694°E / 33.42000; 129.98694 |
| Operated by | JR Kyushu |
| Line(s) | JK Karatsu Line JK Chikuhi Line
 |
| Distance | 36.6 km from Kubota |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At grade |
| Bicycle facilities | Bike shed |
| Accessible | No - level crossing has steps to platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 13 June 1899 (1899-06-13) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2015 | 100 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR Kyushu Following station  Yamamototowards Kubota  Karatsu Line  Karatsutowards Nishi-Karatsu  Karatsutowards Nishi-Karatsu  Chikuhi Line  Yamamototowards Meinohama | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Onizuka StationLocation within Saga PrefectureOnizuka StationOnizuka Station (Japan) | |


abstract: The Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology was founded in 2003 and is published by World Scientific. The journal covers analysis of cellular information, especially in the technical aspect. The managing editor is Limsoon Wong.

text:
# Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

The ***Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology*** was founded in 2003 and is published by World Scientific. The journal covers analysis of cellular information, especially in the technical aspect. The managing editor is Limsoon Wong (National University of Singapore).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

## InfoBox

*Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Computer science, Biology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Limsoon Wong, Ming Li, John Wooley |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2003-present |
| Publisher | World Scientific |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Bioinform. Comput. Biol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0219-7200 (print)
1757-6334 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Isaac Knapp

abstract: Isaac Knapp was an American abolitionist printer, publisher, and bookseller in Boston, Massachusetts. He is remembered primarily for his collaboration with William Lloyd Garrison in printing and publishing The Liberator newspaper.

text:
# Isaac Knapp

**Isaac Knapp** (January 11, 1804  September 14, 1843) was an American abolitionist printer, publisher, and bookseller in Boston, Massachusetts. He is remembered primarily for his collaboration with William Lloyd Garrison in printing and publishing *The Liberator* newspaper.

## Biography

Knapp was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, to Philip Coombs Knapp and Abigail Remmick; siblings included Abigail Knapp. In 1825 he was proprietor of the *Essex Courant* newspaper, published there.

With his friend William Lloyd Garrison he printed the anti-slavery *Liberator* newspaper, from 1831 to 1839. He also co-founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society. His printing office was located on Congress Street (circa 1831) and then on Cornhill. In 1837, the address of the Boston office of the American Anti-Slavery Society was Knapp's address. (See sidebar.) In later years of the 1830s he ceased printing books, used other printers, and turned his printing office into a bookstore. He frequently used blank pages at the end of the books he published to advertise a large and ever-changing list of abolitionist publications available from him.

Knapp's name disappears from the masthead as printer of *The Liberator* as of January 1840. In the July 24, 1840, issue, there is an advertisement for the abolitionist printers Dow and Jackson "successors to Isaac Knapp".

We do not have Knapp's story of how and why this happened. Garrison described him as "a most loving, faithful, devoted friend and brother.... He was naturally amiable, kind, and obliging even to excess.... He deserves pity rather than censure, and never can I find it in my breast to say a bitter word of him.... I am not sure that I could have commenced the printing of the *Liberator*, had it not been for his uniting with me in partnership, and participating in the labors and necessities of my lone situation." However, according to Garrison, "he was altogether too generous...and having no business adaptation, be consequently involved himself deeply in debt while attempting to carry on business. It was thus he became depressed in spirit, and, instead of calmly submitting to the stroke of adversity, vainly sought to find relief from his sorrows (as millions have done before) in the intoxicating bowl." "\[H\]is disconnexion with the *Liberator* ...\[was\] absolutely essential to the existence of the paper."

In 1841 Knapp complained that "he has been deprived of his interest in the Liberator unjustly—that Mr. Garrison and 'a certain rich man' have treated him badly—therefore he intends to print a paper to be called 'Knapp's Liberator'." Only one issue of this paper is known to have been published, on January 8, 1842 (only known copy at the Massachusetts Historical Society).

## Works issued by Knapp

## Knapp as bookseller

* A catalog of anti-slavery publications sold by Isaac Knapp, published at end of *Narrative of Joanna; An Emancipated Slave, of Surinam*, 1838.

* "Descriptive Catalogue of Anti-Slavery Works, for Sale by Isaac Knapp" (PDF), *Liberator*, November 10, 1837
    + Titles listed: Abolition of the Slave Trade, Adams' Letters, Adams' Oration, Adin Ballou's Discourse, Anti-Slavery Catechism, Anti-Slavery Manual, Anti-Slavery Record, Archy Moore, Authentic Anecdotes of American Slavery, Barrows on the Slave Question, Birney's Second Letter, Bourne's Picture, British Apprenticeships, Channing on Slavery, Channing on Texas, Charles Ball, Chloe Spear, Crandall's Trial, Discussion, Dissertation on Servitude, Dresser, Stones' Letters, &c., Enemies of the Constitution Discovered, Evils and Cure, Godwin on Slavery, Granville Sharp, Gustavus Vassa, Important Pamphlet, James Jackson, Jay's Inquiry, Juvenile Poems, Kentucky Address, Lemuel Haynes, Liberty, Memoir of Phillis Wheatley, Miss Beecher Reviewed, Miss Grimke's Appeal, Miss Grimke's Epistle, Mott's Sketches, Mrs. Child's Appeal, Mrs. Stewart's Productions, Objections Answered, Our Liberties in Danger, Phillis Wheatley, Rankin's Letters, Right and Wrong in Boston, Slave Produce, Slave's Friend, Smith's Bible Argument, Songs of the Free, Stanton's Remarks, Stewart's West India Question, Testimony of God Against Slavery, The Fountain, The Generous Planter, The Negro Pew, The Oasis, Thompson at Manchester, Thompson in America, Thompson in G. Britain, Thompson's Lectures and Debates, Valuable Documents, Vigilance Committee, Whittier's Poems, Wilberforce.
* "Standard Anti-Slavery Books for Sale by Isaac Knapp, no.25 Cornhill". Catalog is at end of book. 1838.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* Another listing of anti-slavery books, pamphlets, and newspapers appeared in *The Rochester Freeman* in 1839.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Isaac Knapp | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1804-01-11)January 11, 1804
Newburyport, Massachusetts |
| Died | September 14, 1843(1843-09-14) (aged 39)
Boston, Massachusetts |
| Occupation(s) | printer and publisher |
| Signature | |
|  | |


abstract: The second series of Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker started on 21 September 2022 and aired for eight episodes concluding on 9 November 2022. The series was hosted by Mel Giedroyc and there were two new judges, Tom Dyckhoff and Sophie Sellu. Filming took place at the Glanusk Estate in the Brecon Beacons National Park.

text:
# Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker series 2

The second series of ***Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker*** started on 21 September 2022 and aired for eight episodes concluding on 9 November 2022. The series was hosted by Mel Giedroyc and there were two new judges, Tom Dyckhoff and Sophie Sellu. Filming took place at the Glanusk Estate in the Brecon Beacons National Park.

## Woodworkers

| Woodworker | Age | Occupation | Hometown |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Amina | 39 | Academic developer | Greater Manchester |
| Ashley | 31 | Payroll assistant | Lancashire |
| Calum | 31 | 3D designer | Glasgow |
| Chloe | 21 | Student | Brighton |
| Dafydd | 47 | Civil servant | Bridgend |
| Jacob | 22 | Caretaker | Norfolk |
| Lauren | 35 | Landscape architect technician | Kent |
| Russell | 36 | Kitchen Fitter | North London |
| Sarah | 45 | Consultant | Kent |
| Tanya | 46 | Teacher | London |
| Tony | 51 | Graphic designer | Liverpool |
|

## Results and eliminations

| Elimination chart | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Woodworker | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Lauren |  | WINNER |  | IMMUNITY | WINNER | WINNER | WINNER | WINNER |
| Chloe |  | | IMMUNITY |  | | | | RUNNER-UP |
| Jacob | WINNER | IMMUNITY | WINNER |  | | | IMMUNITY | RUNNER-UP |
| Ashley |  |  | | | IMMUNITY |  | OUT |  |
| Russell |  | | | WINNER |  | OUT |  | |
| Tanya |  | | | | OUT |  | | |
| Dafydd |  | | | OUT |  | | | |
| Sarah |  | | OUT |  | | | | |
| Tony | IMMUNITY | OUT |  | | | | | |
| Calum |  |  | | | | | | |
| Amina | OUT |  | | | | | | |
|

**Colour key:**

Woodworker got through to the next round.   Woodworker was eliminated.   Woodworker did not participate.   Woodworker won immunity from elimination.   Woodworker of the week.   Woodworker won both immunity from elimination and woodworker of the week.   Woodworker was a series runner-up.   Woodworker was the series winner.

## Episodes

Woodworker eliminated   Woodworker of the week   Woodworker won immunity   Winner

### Episode 1

The Big Build was to make a six place dining table, inspired by a country. The Bespoke Brief was to do cut a design into a veneer, which was then fitted to a lightbox.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Dining Table) | Skills Test
(Veneer Cutting) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Amina | Egyptian Themed Table |  |
| Calum | Basque Cheesecake Table |  |
| Chloe | Italian Arches Table |  |
| Dafydd | Welsh Daffodil Table |  |
| Jacob | Swedish Style Table |  |
| Lauren | Pyramid Themed Table |  |
| Russell | Viking Table |  |
| Sarah | La Boca Table |  |
| Tanya | Giant's Causeway Table |  |
| Tony | Punjabi Lattice Low Table | IMMUNITY |
|

### Episode 2

The woodworkers were asked to make a wooden decorative clock, inspired by a time in their life. From this episode, woodworker Calum did not continue in the series, with his place being taken by Ashley.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Decorative Clock) | Skills Test
(Wooden Roses) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashley | Bee Themed Clock |  |
| Chloe | Nature Inspired Clock |  |
| Dafydd | BSL Clock |  |
| Jacob | Game Themed Clock | IMMUNITY |
| Lauren | IVF Inspired Clock |  |
| Russell | Engine Clock |  |
| Sarah | Skiing Clock |  |
| Tanya | Bango Clock |  |
| Tony | Robot Clock |  |
|

### Episode 3

The woodworkers were asked to make a wooden decorative clock, inspired by a time in their life.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Decorative Clock) | Skills Test
(Welsh Lovespoon) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashley | Push-along Ice Cream Toy Cart |  |
| Chloe | Rocking Seahorse | IMMUNITY |
| Dafydd | Model Biplane |  |
| Jacob | Child's Workbench |  |
| Lauren | Italian-styled Moped |  |
| Russell | Ferris Wheel Toy |  |
| Sarah | Woodland Potion Kitchen |  |
| Tanya | Time Machine |  |
|

### Episode 4

Seven remaining woodworkers must create a bespoke day bed inspired by an art or design movement, and master the decorative art of pyrography by scorching a portrait of Mel Giedroyc onto wood.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Daybed) | Skills Test
(Pyrography) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashley | Arts & Crafts Daybed |  |
| Chloe | Art Nouveau Daybed |  |
| Dafydd | Art Deco Daybed |  |
| Jacob | Mid-Century Daybed |  |
| Lauren | Ibiza Daybed | IMMUNITY |
| Russell | OpArt Daybed |  |
| Tanya | Flatpack Daybed |  |
|

### Episode 5

The remaining six woodworkers face their biggest build yet as they create a sea-inspired sculpture from a fallen tree trunk.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Daybed) | Skills Test
(Pole Lathe-turned Tops) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashley | Ammonite Fossil on a Rock | IMMUNITY |
| Chloe | Sealife Column |  |
| Jacob | Oyster Shell |  |
| Lauren | Emperor Penguin |  |
| Russell | Courting Seahorses |  |
| Tanya | Sea Throne |  |
|

### Episode 6

For the week's Big Build challenge, the five remaining woodworkers must create a stylish rocking chair with a modern twist. Everyone's keen to secure immunity by building the best bird box.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Rocking Chair) | Skills Test
(Bird Box) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashley | Tub-style Rocking Chair |  |
| Chloe | Swan-inspired Rocking Chair |  |
| Jacob | Mid-Century Rocking Chair |  |
| Lauren | Hoop Rocking Chair | IMMUNITY |
| Russell | Sideway Rocking Chair |  |
|

### Episode 7: Semi-Final

Mel Giedroyc tasks the four remaining woodworkers to carve a bespoke desk and wooden vase for a place in the final. But who will have a good day at the office and who will be told to work from home?

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Bespoke Desk) | Skills Test
(Wooden Vase) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ashley | Minimalist Desk |  |
| Chloe | Organic Shaped Desk |  |
| Jacob | French Style Desk | IMMUNITY |
| Lauren | Birch Ply Desk |  |
|

### Episode 8: Final

The three remaining woodworkers must create a home bar. It has to be dramatic, sophisticated and at least one-metre tall. Then they must design & carve out a sympathetic bar sign.

| Woodworker | Big Build
(Home Bar) | Skills Test
(Bespoke Bar Sign) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chloe | Nature's Nectar |  |
| Jacob | Raise The Bar |  |
| Lauren | Never Been Nailed |  |
|

## InfoBox

| *Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 2 | |
| No. of episodes | 8 |
| Release | |
| Original network | Channel 4 |
| Original release | 21 September (2022-09-21)
9 November 2022 (2022-11-09) |
| Series chronology | |


title: Theodrada

abstract: Theodrada was a daughter of Charlemagne (742–814) from his marriage to Fastrada. She became Abbess of the monastery of Argenteuil.

text:
# Theodrada

**Theodrada** (ca. 784  844/853) was a daughter of Charlemagne (742–814) from his marriage to Fastrada. She became Abbess of the monastery of Argenteuil.

## Life

Theodrada was born the elder of the two daughters of Charlemagne's fourth wife Fastrada. Theodrada was the twelfth child of the Frankish king. By 814, she was the Abbess of Notre-Dame d'Argenteuil, A document estimated to be from the year 828 notes that Theodrada received Argenteuil from her father. The abbey became independent of the Abbey of Saint-Denis on the occasion of the transfer, and as a Carolingian house monastery, was directly subordinate to the Frankish king. However, in the aforementioned charter of 828, Theodrada restored the monastery to St. Denis on the condition that she would be allowed to use it for life, unless she voluntarily renounced it or was compensated with another monastery.

## InfoBox

| Theodrada | |
| --- | --- |
| *Abbess of Argenteuil* | |
| Born | 784 |
| Died | Between 844 and 853 (aged 59–69) |
| Father | Charlemagne |
| Mother | Fastrada |


title: Owlbear

abstract: An owlbear is a fictional creature originally created for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. An owlbear is depicted as a cross between a bear and an owl, which "hugs" like a bear and attacks with its beak. Inspired by a plastic toy made in Hong Kong, Gary Gygax created the owlbear and introduced the creature to the game in the 1975 Greyhawk supplement; the creature has since appeared in every subsequent edition of the game. Owlbears, or similar beasts, also appear in several other fantasy role-playing games, video games and other media.

text:
# Owlbear

An **owlbear** (also **owl bear**) is a fictional creature originally created for the *Dungeons & Dragons* fantasy role-playing game. An owlbear is depicted as a cross between a bear and an owl, which "hugs" like a bear and attacks with its beak. Inspired by a plastic toy made in Hong Kong, Gary Gygax created the owlbear and introduced the creature to the game in the 1975 *Greyhawk* supplement; the creature has since appeared in every subsequent edition of the game. Owlbears, or similar beasts, also appear in several other fantasy role-playing games, video games and other media.

## Creation

In the early 1970s, Gary Gygax was playing *Chainmail*, a wargame that also served as a precursor of *Dungeons & Dragons*. In order to give his players as many different challenges as possible, Gygax was always on the look-out for new monsters. Although he was able to draw on pulp fiction and sword and sorcery stories for many of them, he also looked through dime stores for figurines that could be used in battle. On one of those occasions, he came across a bag of small plastic toys euphemistically labeled "prehistoric animals". Made in Hong Kong, the set included monsters from Japanese "Kaiju" films such as Ultraman and the Godzilla franchise. Several of these were odd enough to catch his eye, and he used them to represent several new monsters, including the owlbear, the bulette and the rust monster.

## Concept

The owlbear is depicted as an eight to ten foot (2.5–3 meter) tall cross between a bear and an owl. According to descriptions in *Dungeons & Dragons* source books, owlbears are carnivorous creatures, famed for their aggression and ferocity; they live in mated pairs in caves and hunt any creature bigger than a mouse. They use a "hug" and their beak to attack. In the game's third edition, it was categorized as a "magical beast".

The actual in-game origin of the owlbear has never been definitively revealed, but the various *Monster Manual* editions indicate that it is probably the product of a wizard's experiments. Within the franchise's mythology, the lich Thessalar claims to have created them, but his insanity and egomania put the accuracy of this claim in doubt. In the 5th edition, some elves claim that owlbears have existed for millennia and older fey say that they have always existed in the Feywild.

Within the *Dungeons & Dragons* system and in other role-playing games, the owlbear usually serves as a "monster". Within the context of RPGs, "monster" is a generic term to describe potentially hostile beings and obstacles for the players to overcome. This role is also the one the owlbear was originally designed for.

## Publication history

The owlbear is among the earliest monsters in *Dungeons & Dragons*, and, like the bulette and the rust monster, was inspired by a Hong Kong–made plastic toy purchased by Gary Gygax for use as a miniature in a *Chainmail* game.

### *Dungeons & Dragons*

The owl bear was introduced to the game in its first supplement, *Greyhawk* (1975). It is described as a "horrid creature" which "hugs" like a bear, and deals damage with its beak. The owlbear is also listed on random encounter tables in *Eldritch Wizardry*, the third supplement. The illustration shows a bear-like creature on all fours, and bears no resemblance to the plastic toy that had given Gygax his original inspiration.

### *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* 1st edition

The owlbear appears in the first edition *Monster Manual* (1977), where it is described as a "horrible creature that inhabits tangled forest regions, and attacks with its great claws and snapping beak". The illustration of the owlbear shown in the *Monster Manual* was done by Dave Sutherland, and closely correlates to Gygax's original plastic toy.

### Basic *Dungeons & Dragons*

This edition of the *D&D* game included its own owl bear, in the *Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set* (1981 and 1983). The owl bear was also later featured in the *Dungeons & Dragons Game* set (1991), the *Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia* (1991), the *Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game* set (1994), and the *Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game* set (1999).

### *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* 2nd edition

The owlbear appears first in the *Monstrous Compendium Volume One* (1989), and is reprinted in the *Monstrous Manual* (1993).

The owlbear appeared in the *Dark Sun* setting in the adventure *Black Spine* (1994).

The owlbear was detailed in *Dragon* #214 (February 1995), in "The Ecology of the Owlbear", which also included the **arctic owlbear** and the **winged owlbear**. These variants were later reprinted in the *Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three* (1996).

The **greater owlbear** appeared in an adventure in *Dungeon* #63 (July 1997).

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 3rd edition

The owlbear appears in the *Monster Manual* for this edition (2000).

The owlbear appeared on the Wizards of the Coast website for the *Chainmail* game, in 2000.

The winged owlbear in adult and juvenile form appeared in *Dungeon* #84 (January 2001).

The supplemental book *Unapproachable East* features a feat, an ability that player characters can obtain, named "owlbear berserker" that allows a player character to use a ferocious owlbear-like fighting style.

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 3.5

The owlbear appears in the revised *Monster Manual* for this edition (2003) as well as the **owlbear skeleton** under the skeleton entry.

The **ancient owlbear** appeared in *Dungeon* #107 (February 2004).

The **Ankholian owlbear** appeared in the *Dragonlance*, *Bestiary of Krynn* (2004) and the *Revised Bestiary of Krynn* (2007).

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 4th edition

The owlbear appears in the *Monster Manual* for this edition (2008) along with the **winterclaw owlbear**. The flavor text mentions that owlbears can be tamed to serve as guards.

### *Dungeons & Dragons Essentials*

The *Monster Vault* boxed set contains the owlbear as well as various subtypes like the **young owlbear**, **trained owlbear**, **wind-claw owlbear** and again the **winterclaw owlbear**. The cover of the monster book included in the box and the box itself feature an owlbear alongside other monsters.

### *Dungeons & Dragons* 5th edition

In May 2012, Wizards of the Coast employee Jon Schindehette announced that the inclusion and design of the owlbear for the upcoming fifth edition of *Dungeons & Dragons* was being discussed.

The monster was included in the "bestiary" of the *D&D Next Playtest Package*, a compilation of files available for gamers interested in playtesting this *Dungeons & Dragons* version before its official release.

The owlbear is included in the *Monster Manual* of the full release of the game, published in 2014. The flavor text states that remote settlements have used owlbears for racing, and it also states the fact that owlbears are more likely to attack their tamer, than actually begin the race.

## In other role-playing games

### *Pathfinder Roleplaying Game*

The owlbear is an official monster in the *Pathfinder Roleplaying Game* that is based on *Dungeons and Dragons* 3.5 edition. It is included in the game's first bestiary, and elaborated on in *Dungeon Denizens Revisited*. *Dungeon Denizens Revisited* also includes a variant named **siege owlbear**. Furthermore, Paizo released a part of the series *Behind the Monsters* dedicated to the owlbear, which features the **bearowl**, the possibly "even stranger offspring" of an owlbear. Additional official *Pathfinder* variants of the owlbear are the **arctic owlbear**, **Darklands owlbear**, **fruss owlbear**, **great hook-clawed owlbear**, **screaming owlbear**, **sleeyk owlbear**, **slime owlbear**, **sloth owlbear** as well as the **spectral owlbear**.

The adventure module *Pathfinder #7 – Curse of the Crimson Throne Chapter 1: "Edge of Anarchy"* originally published by Paizo Publishing for *Dungeons and Dragons 3.5 edition* under the OGL contains a **taxidermic owlbear**. It is a regular owlbear with the skeleton template allowing the game master to turn a regular monster into an undead one. A skeletal owlbear illustration was also done by Goodman Games artist Nick Greenwood.

### Retro-clones and OSR RPGs

As only the design of a role-playing game, not the rules are protected by U.S. copyright law, it is possible for third-party publishers to release RPG systems based on the rules of *Dungeons & Dragons* without using the actual name or trademarks associated with the brand. These systems are referred to as "retro-clones" or "simulacra". Games not directly using rules of a *Dungeons & Dragons* edition but claiming to capture the style are often called Old School Renaissance (OSR) games.

The following retro-clones and OSR systems feature the owlbear as an opponent:

### Other systems

A male half-owlbear, half-blue dragon hybrid named Dragore is featured as an antagonist in the *Dungeons & Dragons* 3.0 supplement *Foul Locales: Beyond the Walls* by Mystic Eye Games.

The *Manual of Monsters* for *Warcraft: The Roleplaying Game* suggest to use the owlbear as an opponent. A *Warcraft*-exclusive owlbear-like creature named **wildkin** is included as well.

Later on, *Warcraft: The Roleplaying Game* was renamed *World of Warcraft: The Roleplaying Game*. This edition's *Monster Guide*, equivalent to the *Manual of Monsters*, includes the owlbear-like "wildkin" described as a benign creature and associated with the game's Night Elf faction. A larger and more ferocious subtype listed is the "owlbeast".

A third-party *Dungeons & Dragons* 3.5 edition quick reference card for the owlbear has been published as part of a series of *Monster Knowledge Cards*.

The owlbears appears in the *HackMaster 4th edition Hacklopedia of Beasts Volume VI* and the *HackMaster 5th edition Hacklopedia of Beasts*. Variants included are the **lesser owlbear**, **great horned owlbear** and the **spotted owlbear**.

The *HackMaster* adventure module *Little Keep on the Borderlands* features owlbears as enemies and an owlbear on the cover.

*Blood & Treasure*, modelled after *Dungeons & Dragons* 3.5 edition, features the owlbear as an opponent.

## In video games

### *Dungeons & Dragons*-licensed games

Several video games based on *Dungeons & Dragons* feature the owlbear:

### *Warcraft* franchise

Adaptations of the owlbear appear in the *Warcraft* universe in several forms:

* Non-player characters known as "wildkin" appear in *Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos* and its expansion *The Frozen Throne*. Variants are the *enraged wildkin* and *berserk wildkin*. The actual term "owlbear" is only used in *Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos* and its manual, and not used in its expansion.
* The MMORPG *World of Warcraft* contains a variety of owlbear-like creatures named "wildkin", mostly as NPCs. The alternative term "owlkin" is used of wildkin living in the fictional Ammen Vale. A variant is the mutated owlkin. A more powerful wildkin is the owlbeast, with deranged owlbeast and raging owlbeast being subtypes. Some wildkin are also called "moonkin", which is also a creature players of the druid class can transform into. A quest for players with the druid class involves defeating a moonkin named Lunaclaw.

### Other games

## In other media

* The *Harbinger* set, the first set of miniatures for the *Dungeons & Dragons Miniatures Game*, a collectible miniatures game, has an owlbear miniature. The *Blood War* set has monster named **owlbear ranger**. The *Against the Giants* set includes a **furious owlbear**.
* In 2012, Wizards of the Coast released a new version of the 1975 adventure board game *Dungeon!* which features owlbears as opponents.
* Also released in 2012 by Wizards of the Coast, the board game *Lords of Waterdeep* features a quest card titled "Domesticate Owlbears".
* The owlbear was depicted in the webcomic *The Order of the Stick*, where it was presented as a pointless cross between an already dangerous creature (a bear) and a harmless animal (an owl).
* A creature called a "nightripper" appears in *Sagard the Barbarian #2: The Green Hydra* game book by Gary Gygax. The nightripper is described and illustrated as a bear with an owl's head but with talons for forepaws. An illustration of it can be found prefacing section 12: The Kingdom Of Darkness.
* An owlbear also appears in the Japanese light novel series *Banished from the Hero's Party*.
* In the film *Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves* (2023), the druid Doric assumes the form of an owlbear several times.
* The owlbear was among the monsters featured as trading cards on the back of Amurol Products candy figure boxes.

## Reception

Chris Sims of the on-line magazine *ComicsAlliance* referred to the owlbear as "the second-greatest monster in the history of *D&D*". Dave Chalker from Critical-Hits.com, a RPG blog which won the Ennie Gold 2011 Ennie Award for Best Blog, recommended the use of the owlbear as a monster. Rob Bricken from io9 named the owlbear as the sixth most memorable D&D monster.

## InfoBox

| Owlbear | |
| --- | --- |
| An owlbear, pictured in the original *Monster Manual* (by Dave Sutherland, 1977) | |
| First appearance | *Greyhawk* (1975) |
| In-universe information | |
| Type | Magical beast |
| Alignment | Neutral |


title: Wait (command)

abstract: In Unix shells, wait is a command which pauses until execution of a background process has ended.

text:
# Wait (command)

In Unix shells, **`wait`** is a command which pauses until execution of a background process has ended.

## Usage

```
 wait [n]

```

where **n** is the pid or job ID of a currently executing background process (job). If **n** is not given, the command waits until all jobs known to the invoking shell have terminated.

**wait** normally returns the exit status of the last job which terminated. It may also return 127 in the event that **n** specifies a non-existent job or zero if there were no jobs to wait for.

Because `wait` needs to be aware of the job table of the current shell execution environment, it is usually implemented as a shell builtin.

## Example

This command can be useful where part of a script can execute in parallel to implement a barrier where an upcoming section depends on the successful completion of the preceding sections.

The following example will fetch the **src/** directory from a machine named **iona** using rsync and simultaneously update the libraries on which this program depends, before building the combination.

```
#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Parallel update script which makes use of the wait command

# Update local copy
rsync iona:src/ . &
# Upgrade required libraries, or exit indicating failure if make failed for some reason
make -C lib || exit 1

# Wait for rsync to terminate (may have already happened) and finish the job
wait
make

```

Wait for specified job control id number:

```
$ ls -R / > /dev/null 2>&1 & # start any long running background process
[2] 1986
$ wait %2 # waits for background job number 2 to terminate, then returns

```

## InfoBox

wait
| Developer(s) | AT&T Bell Laboratories |
| --- | --- |
| Initial release | November 1973 (1973-11) |
| Operating system | Unix and Unix-like |
| Type | Command |


title: Nicole Leistenschneider

abstract: Nicole Leistenschneider is a German sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics, representing West Germany.

text:
# Nicole Leistenschneider

**Nicole Leistenschneider** (born 10 May 1967) is a German sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics, representing West Germany.

## InfoBox

Nicole Leistenschneider
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | German |
| Born | (1967-05-10) 10 May 1967<br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sprinting |
| Event | 4 × 400 metres relay |


title: Montipouret

abstract: Montipouret is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

text:
# Montipouret

**Montipouret** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃tipuʁɛ\]) is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 609 |  |
| 1975 | 533 | −1.89% |
| 1982 | 502 | −0.85% |
| 1990 | 514 | +0.30% |
| 1999 | 507 | −0.15% |
| 2009 | 568 | +1.14% |
| 2014 | 571 | +0.11% |
| 2020 | 575 | +0.12% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Montipouret | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The cross in Montipouret | |
| Location of Montipouret | |
| MontipouretMontipouret | |
| Coordinates: 46°39′00″N 1°54′03″E / 46.65°N 1.9008°E / 46.65; 1.9008 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Indre |
| Arrondissement | La Châtre |
| Canton | Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Marie-Christine Mercier |
| Area**1** | 27.89 km2 (10.77 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 593 |
| Density | 21/km2 (55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 36129 /36230 |
| Elevation | 170–259 m (558–850 ft)
(avg. 170 m or 560 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Rangapura Vihara

abstract: "Rangapura Vihara" is a popular Carnatic song composed in Sanskrit by Muthuswami Dikshitar (1776-1835) and dedicated to Sri Ranganathaswamy of Srirangam.

text:
# Rangapura Vihara

**"Rangapura Vihara"** is a popular Carnatic song composed in Sanskrit by Muthuswami Dikshitar (1776-1835) and dedicated to Sri Ranganathaswamy of Srirangam.

## History

The title of the song means one who roams (*vihara*) in Srirangam (*Rangapura*), a temple town in Tamil Nadu, India. It details the exploits of the Lord Rama, whose family deity is Ranganatha of Srirangam. The most famous version of this song was rendered by M.S.Subbulakshmi, live at the United Nations. It has a pallavi, anupallavi and charanam.

## Lyrics

***Raṅgapura Vihāra***

**pallavi**
rahngapura vihāra jaya kodandarāmāvatāra raghuvIra shrI

**anupallavi**
ahngaja janaka deva brndāvana sārahngendra varada ramāntarahnga shyāmalahnga vihahnga turahnga sadayāpāhnga satsahnga

**charanam**
pahnkajāptakula jalanidhi sOma vara pahnkaja mukha pattābhirāma padapahmkaja jitakāma raghurāma vamahnka gata sItāvara vesa shesāhnka shayana bhakta Santosa enāhnkaravi nayana mrdutarabhāsa akakahnka darpana kapola vishesa muni sankaTaharana govinda venkata ramana mukunda sankarSana mula kanda shankara guruguhānanda

### Poetic rendition in English

#### Pallavi

Victory to the divine Rama, the courageous hero of the Raghu dynasty, Residing in the colored city of Rangapura.

#### Anupallavi

The one who enchants the heart of Janaka's daughter Sita, With his beautiful dark blue form like a peacock, He who is always surrounded by devotees.

#### Charanam

He who is like the moon in the ocean of the illustrious Janaka's lineage, Adorning himself with the radiance of lotus-like face, Whose feet dispel all desires, Who reclines on the serpent bed, The delight of his devotees.

His gentle eyes are like lotus petals, His soft and sweet words captivate everyone, His forehead is adorned with the divine mirror, He is the dispeller of troubles, The beloved of Govinda, Venkata, and Raman, Mukunda, Sankarshana, the root of all creation, Shankara, the spiritual teacher, and Guha Ananda.

### Lyrics in Devanagari

**पल्लवि**

रङ्ग पुर विहार जय कोदण्ड – (मध्यम काल साहित्यम्)

रामावतार रघुवीर श्री

**अनुपल्लवि**

अङ्गज जनक देव बृन्दावन सारङ्गेन्द्र वरद रमान्तरङ्ग

(मध्यम काल साहित्यम्) श्यामळाङ्ग विहङ्ग तुरङ्ग सदयापाङ्ग सत्सङ्ग

**चरणम्**

पङ्कजाप्त कुल जल निधि सोम वर पङ्कज मुख पट्टाभिराम

पद पङ्कज जित काम रघु राम वामाङ्क गत सीता वर वेष

शेषाङ्क शयन भक्त सन्तोष

एणाङ्क रवि नयन मृदु-तर भाष

अकळङ्क दर्पण कपोल विशेष मुनि – (मध्यम काल साहित्यम्)

सङ्कट हरण गोविन्द वेङ्कट रमण मुकुन्द सङ्कर्षण मूल कन्द शङ्कर गुरु गुहानन्द

### Lyrics in Tamil Script

**பல்லவி**

ரெங்கபுர விஹார ஜெய கோதண்ட- (மத்யம் கால் சாகித்யம்)

ராமாவதர ரகுவீர ஸ்ரீ |2|

**அனுபல்லவி**

அங்கஜ் ஜனக் தேவ் பிருந்தாவன் சர்கேந்திர வரத் ராமந்திரங் (மத்தியம் கால் சாகித்யம்) |2|

**சரணம்**

பங்கஜாத குல ஜல நிதி சோம்வர் பக்ஜ் முகப் பட்டாபிராம்

படகாஜ் ஜித் காமா ரகு ராம்

வாமாக் கத சீதா வர வேஷ்

சேஷாங்க ஸயன பக்த சந்தோஷ

ஏணாங்க ரவி நயன தர பாஷ

அகளங்க தர்பண கோபால விேஸஷ முனி - (மத்யம கால ஸாஹித்யம்)

ஸங்கட ஹரணகோவிந்த வேங்கட ரமண முகுந்த ஸங்கர்ஷண முல கந்த சங்கர குரு குஹானந்த||

### తెలుగు సాహిత్యం

**పల్లవి:** రంగపుర విహార జయ కోదండ- రామావతార రఘువీర శ్రీ

**అనుపల్లవి:** అంగజ జనక దేవ బృందావన సారంగేంద్ర వరద రమాంతరంగా శ్యామలాంగ విహంగ తురంగ సదయాపాంగ సత్సంగ

**చరణం:** పంకజాప్త కుల జల నిధి సోమ వర పంకజ ముఖ పట్టాభిరామ పద పంకజ జిత కామ రఘురామ వామాంక గత సీత వర వేష శేషాంక శయన భక్త సంతోష ఏణాంక రవి నయన మృదు-తర భాష అకళంక దర్పణ కపోల విశేష ముని- సంకట హరణ గోవింద వేంకటరమణ ముకుంద సంకర్షణ మూల కంద శంకర గురు గుహానంద

### ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ

ರಂಗಪುರ ವಿಹಾರ ಜಯ ಕೋದಂಡ ರಾಮಾವತಾರ ರಘುವೀರ ಶ್ರೀ ||

ಅಂಗಜ ಜನಕದೇವ ಬೃಂದಾವನ ಸಾರಂಗೇಂದ್ರ ವರದ ರಮಾಂತ ರಂಗ | ಶ್ಯಾಮಲಾಂಗ ವಿಹಂಗ ತುರಂಗ ಸದಯಪಾಂಗ ಸತ್ಸಂಗ ||

ಪಂಕಜಾಪ್ತಕುಲ ಜಲನಿಧಿ ಸೋಮ ವರ ಪಂಕಜ ಮುಖ ಪಟ್ಟಾಭಿರಾಮ ಪಂಕಜ ಜಿತಕಾಮಾ | ರಘುರಾಮ ವಾಮಾಂಕ ಗತ ಸೀತಾವರ ವೇಷ ಶಾಂಕ ಶಯನ ಭಕ್ತ ಸಂತೋಷ ಏನಾಂಕರವಿನಯ| ಮೃದುತರ ಭಾಷಾ ಕಳಂಕ ದರ್ಪಣ ಕಪೋಲ ವಿಶೇಷ ಮುನಿ ಸಂಕಟ ಹರಣ | ಗೋವಿಂದ ವೇಂಕಟರಮಣ ಮುಕುಂದ ಸಂಕರ್ಷಣ ೂಲಕಂದ ಶಂಕರ ಗುರುಗುಹಾನಂದ ||


title: Oneonta Downtown Historic District

abstract: Oneonta Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Oneonta in Otsego County, New York. It encompasses 64 contributing buildings and one contributing site. It encompasses the city's intact commercial and civic core and includes commercial buildings, six churches, the city's historic civil buildings, a few industrial buildings, and a small park. The district includes several separately listed buildings: the Masonic Temple, Old Post Office, Municipal Building, Ford Block, and Oneonta Theatre. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

text:
# Oneonta Downtown Historic District

**Oneonta Downtown Historic District** is a national historic district located at Oneonta in Otsego County, New York. It encompasses 64 contributing buildings and one contributing site. It encompasses the city's intact commercial and civic core and includes commercial buildings, six churches, the city's historic civil buildings, a few industrial buildings, and a small park. The district includes several separately listed buildings: the Masonic Temple, Old Post Office, Municipal Building, Ford Block, and Oneonta Theatre.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Oneonta Downtown Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Main, Chestnut, Dietz, Market, Elm, Water, Wall, S. Main Sts., Oneonta, New York |
| Coordinates | 42°27′15″N 75°3′44″W / 42.45417°N 75.06222°W / 42.45417; -75.06222 |
| Area | 31 acres (13 ha) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 03001245 |
| Added to NRHP | December 4, 2003 |


title: Journal of Biological Education

abstract: The Journal of Biological Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering biology education. It was established in 1967, is owned by the Royal Society of Biology, and is published by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Ian Kinchin. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.324, ranking it 32nd out of 37 journals in the category "Education, Scientific Disciplines".

text:
# Journal of Biological Education

The ***Journal of Biological Education*** is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering biology education. It was established in 1967, is owned by the Royal Society of Biology, and is published by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Ian Kinchin (University of Surrey). According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.324, ranking it 32nd out of 37 journals in the category "Education, Scientific Disciplines".

## InfoBox

*Journal of Biological Education*
| Discipline | Science education, biology |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Ian Kinchin |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1967-present |
| Publisher | Routledge |
| Impact factor | 0.324 (2014) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Biol. Educ.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | JBIEAO |
| ISSN | 0021-9266
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Osvaldo Bignami

abstract: Osvaldo Bignami was an Italian painter.

text:
# Osvaldo Bignami

**Osvaldo Bignami** (1856 in Lodi – 1936 in Civate (Lecco)) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

Osvaldo Bignami was apprenticed to a decorative artist in Milan, where he moved when he was in his twenties, and later enrolled at the Brera Academy. From his earliest work, he was oriented towards fresco decoration: this was the technique he used in the portraits of Masaccio and Giovanni Bellini (originally on the loggias of the Brera Palazzo in Milan and now lost) which won him the Mylius Prize in 1893 and 1894. He was a regular participant in the Brera exhibitions until 1900. His most noteworthy paintings were those with religious subjects, genre scenes and the portraits of Luigi Sabatelli, Giacomo Mantegazza and Enrico Zanoni (formerly in Milan, Società Artisti e Patriottica). In later years he devoted himself to the decorative painting of civic buildings, such as Teatro Fraschini in Pavia (1909), and religious buildings, such as some of the chapels at the Monumental Cemetery in Lodi (1902–1914) and the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Milan (1904, 1909). He also experimented with lithography.

## Other projects

Media related to Osvaldo Bignami at Wikimedia Commons


title: Handmade Arcade

abstract: Handmade Arcade is an annual independent craft fair in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The fair focuses on sustainable, upcycled, recycled, and eco-friendly materials and techniques. Vendors come from multiple states; in 2012, participants came from 15 different states. For example, some pieces include purses made from recycled books, camera straps constructed from vintage fabrics, jewelry made from found objects, pillows constructed from vintage T-shirts, and organic bath and body products. Attendance has reached 10,000. In 2007 and 2009, it won the People’s Choice Award for Best Arts Event from the Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council. The first Handmade Arcade was held in 2004 at Construction Junction in Point Breeze. The founder was Gloria Forouzan of Lawrenceville. The Sprout Fund provided critical funding for that first event. That year, attendance was 1,000, with 60 vendors. In 2005, attendance and the number of vendors had doubled. The 2006 version saw 5,000 attendees. In 2008, it had moved into the Hunt Armory. By 2011, attendance had grown to 7,000, allowing for a move to the David L. Lawrence Convention Center

text:
# Handmade Arcade

**Handmade Arcade** is an annual independent craft fair in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The fair focuses on sustainable, upcycled, recycled, and eco-friendly materials and techniques. Vendors come from multiple states; in 2012, participants came from 15 different states. For example, some pieces include purses made from recycled books, camera straps constructed from vintage fabrics, jewelry made from found objects, pillows constructed from vintage T-shirts, and organic bath and body products. Attendance has reached 10,000. In 2007 and 2009, it won the People’s Choice Award for Best Arts Event from the Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council.

The first Handmade Arcade was held in 2004 at Construction Junction in Point Breeze. The founder was Gloria Forouzan of Lawrenceville. The Sprout Fund provided critical funding for that first event. That year, attendance was 1,000, with 60 vendors. In 2005, attendance and the number of vendors had doubled. The 2006 version saw 5,000 attendees.

In 2008, it had moved into the Hunt Armory. By 2011, attendance had grown to 7,000, allowing for a move to the David L. Lawrence Convention Center

Media related to Handmade Arcade at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Handmade Arcade | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date(s) | November |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Location(s) | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. |
| Inaugurated | 2004 |


title: Theodoxus maresi

abstract: Theodoxus maresi is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae the nerites.

text:
# Theodoxus maresi

***Theodoxus maresi*** is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae the nerites.

## Distribution

This species is found in Algeria and Morocco. The type locality is Aïn Khadra, near Zerguin, in north-eastern Algeria.

## Description

The length of the shell is 8 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Theodoxus maresi* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Neritimorpha |
| Order: | Cycloneritida |
| Family: | Neritidae |
| Genus: | *Theodoxus* |
| Species: | ***T. maresi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Theodoxus maresi***
(Bourguignat, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Neritina maresi* Bourguignat, 1864 * *Neritina marteli* pars Pallary, 1920 * *Theodoxus vondeli* pars Pallary, 1936 | |


title: PIGT

abstract: GPI transamidase component PIG-T is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIGT gene. This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is an essential component of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins.

text:
# PIGT

**GPI transamidase component PIG-T** is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the *PIGT* gene.

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is an essential component of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins.

## Interactions

PIGT has been shown to interact with PIGK and GPAA1.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| PIGT | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | PIGT, MCAHS3, NDAP, PNH2, CGI-06, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class T | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 610272; MGI: 1926178; HomoloGene: 6134; GeneCards: PIGT; OMA:PIGT - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001184728
NM\_001184729
NM\_001184730
NM\_015937   NM\_133779
NM\_001362644
NM\_001362645
NM\_001378795   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001171657
NP\_001171658
NP\_001171659
NP\_057021   NP\_598540
NP\_001349573
NP\_001349574
NP\_001365724
NP\_001394210   Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 45.42 – 45.46 Mb Chr 2: 164.34 – 164.35 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: HippoDraw

abstract: HippoDraw is a object-oriented statistical data analysis package written in C++, with user interaction via a Qt-based GUI and a Python-scriptable interface. It was developed by Paul Kunz at SLAC, primarily for the analysis and presentation of particle physics and astrophysics data, but can be equally well used in other fields where data handling is important.

text:
# HippoDraw

**HippoDraw** is a object-oriented statistical data analysis package written in C++, with user interaction via a Qt-based GUI and a Python-scriptable interface. It was developed by Paul Kunz at SLAC, primarily for the analysis and presentation of particle physics and astrophysics data, but can be equally well used in other fields where data handling is important.

## About

HippoDraw can read and write files in an XML-based format, astrophysics FITS files, data objects produced by ROOT (optional), and through the Python bindings, anything that can be read/written by Python (HDF5, for instance, with PyTables).

HippoDraw can be used as a Python extension module, allowing users to use HippoDraw data objects with the full power of the Python language. This includes other scientific Python extension modules such Numeric and numarray, whose use with HippoDraw can lead to a large increase in processing speed, even for ROOT objects.

## InfoBox

HippoDraw
| Developer(s) | Paul F. Kunz |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | 1.21.3 / October 2007 (2007-10) |
|  | |
| Written in | C++ |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | Data analysis |
| License | GPLv2+ |
| Website | www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/ek/hippodraw/ |


title: Montirictus

abstract: Montirictus is an extinct genus of tritylodonts known from the Early Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of Japan. It was among the latest surviving tritylodontids, and is closely related to the earlier Xenocretosuchus from mainland Asia, and the Jurassic Stereognathus from the UK. It may be a species of the genus Stereognathus, but resolution of its affinities conditions upon the discovery of additional material.

text:
# Montirictus

***Montirictus*** is an extinct genus of tritylodonts known from the Early Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of Japan. It was among the latest surviving tritylodontids, and is closely related to the earlier *Xenocretosuchus* from mainland Asia, and the Jurassic *Stereognathus* from the UK. It may be a species of the genus *Stereognathus*, but resolution of its affinities conditions upon the discovery of additional material.

## InfoBox

| *Montirictus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Synapsida |
| *Clade*: | Therapsida |
| *Clade*: | Cynodontia |
| Family: | Tritylodontidae |
| Genus: | *Montirictus*
Matsuoka *et al.*, 2016 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Montirictus kuwajimaensis***
Matsuoka *et al.*, 2016 | |


title: Indole-5,6-quinone

abstract: Indole-5,6-quinone is an indolequinone, a chemical compound found in the oxidative browning reaction of fruits like bananas where it is mediated by the tyrosinase type polyphenol oxidase from tyrosine and catecholamines leading to the formation of catechol melanin. Like many quinones it can undergo redox reactions via the corresponding 5,6-dihydroxyindole.

text:
# Indole-5,6-quinone

**Indole-5,6-quinone** is an indolequinone, a chemical compound found in the oxidative browning reaction of fruits like bananas where it is mediated by the tyrosinase type polyphenol oxidase from tyrosine and catecholamines leading to the formation of catechol melanin. Like many quinones it can undergo redox reactions via the corresponding 5,6-dihydroxyindole.

## InfoBox

Indole-5,6-quinone
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 1*H*-Indole-5,6-dione | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| KEGG |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C8H5NO2/c10-7-3-5-1-2-9-6(5)4-8(7)11/h1-4,9H NKey: IGGVVGHJSQSLFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N * InChI=1/C8H5NO2/c10-7-3-5-1-2-9-6(5)4-8(7)11/h1-4,9HKey: IGGVVGHJSQSLFO-UHFFFAOYAN | |
| SMILES * C1=CNC2=CC(=O)C(=O)C=C21 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H5NO2 |
| Molar mass | 147.13 g/mol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Journal of Medieval History

abstract: The Journal of Medieval History is a major international academic journal devoted to all aspects of the history of Europe in the Middle Ages. Each issue contains 4 or 5 original articles on European history, including the British Isles, North Africa, and the Middle East, in the time period between the Fall of Rome and the Renaissance. All articles are peer-reviewed by at least two referees. The journal's editorial board includes academics from multiple countries.

text:
# Journal of Medieval History

The ***Journal of Medieval History*** is a major international academic journal devoted to all aspects of the history of Europe in the Middle Ages.

Each issue contains 4 or 5 original articles on European history, including the British Isles, North Africa, and the Middle East, in the time period between the Fall of Rome and the Renaissance.

All articles are peer-reviewed by at least two referees. The journal's editorial board includes academics from multiple countries.

## InfoBox

*Journal of Medieval History*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | History |
| Language | * English * French * German |
| Edited by | C.M. Woolgar |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1975–present |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis (United Kingdom) |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Mediev. Hist.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0304-4181
 |
| LCCN | 76646991 |
| OCLC no. | 243417182 |
| Links | |
|  | |