title: Out of Our Minds (song)

abstract: "Out of Our Minds" is a song by Canadian alternative rock musician, Melissa Auf der Maur, written by Auf der Maur, long-time collaborator and producer Jordon Zadorozny and Priestess drummer Vince Nudo. The song was released as Auf der Maur's fourth single, and first from her second studio album of the same name, on November 9, 2009 as a free digital download.

text:
# Out of Our Minds (song)

"**Out of Our Minds**" (also abbreviated as "**OOOM**") is a song by Canadian alternative rock musician, Melissa Auf der Maur, written by Auf der Maur, long-time collaborator and producer Jordon Zadorozny and Priestess drummer Vince Nudo. The song was released as Auf der Maur's fourth single, and first from her second studio album of the same name, on November 9, 2009 as a free digital download.

## Origin and recording

"Out of Our Minds" was originally written solely by Auf der Maur prior to the conception of the *OOOM* project. Speaking of the song's origins in January 2010, she said that it was "written early in the creative chapters of \[the project\]" after "\[a\] rush of inspiration" and developed both the song and project from thereon. The "rush of inspiration" described by Auf der Maur was later cited to be how she "found the center" of her new musical endeavor. In an interview with The Dumbing of America, Auf der Maur explained the embryonic version of the song:

> "First was this wail, this ancient wail that just sort of came over me. And then literally the words just fell out of my mouth. Some songs just come clear, they zap through you like a lightning bolt and some are more labor intensive. This just came flying out of me and the words travel out of our minds into our hearts standing by and our hearts have been standing by for so long. I just realized at that moment that that's the story. This is the message I want to portray throughout not only the record but I knew I was looking for a theme to build this fantasy film and comic book around. It had a lot to do with the way the song came out — that it was clear, that it was the most clear and truthful."

The album version of "Out of Our Minds" was recorded over the course of 2007 at various locations throughout North America. The majority of the song was recorded at French Kiss Recording, co-writer Zadorozny's recording facility in Pembroke, Ontario in Canada, with additional recording at Cherokee Studios in Los Angeles, California in the United States. Further, but minor, recording and "tweeking" was done at La Hacienda and Sunset Lodge Studios in California, Ponderosa Studios and Planet Studios in Quebec, Warehouse Recording in British Columbia, and Ishlab Music and The Clubhouse in New York City. The master recording of the song was mastered by Adam Ayan at Gateway Mastering in Portland, Maine in the United States.

## Composition and lyrics

"Out of Our Minds" diverges significantly from Auf der Maur's previous work, both musically and lyrically. The song was composed in standard tuning and opens with a thin distorted guitar riff. Following an introduction that complements its album predecessor due to its prominent drumming, "The Hunt", the instrumentation is reverted to a sole bass riff (E#-F). It is quickly followed by an underlying repetitive guitar riff that is featured throughout all of the verses, though mixed alternately in different verses. The music dynamic pre-chorus is almost identical to the intro, however, is alternately paced. The song's chorus features a different guitar structure to the verse but the bass line (D#-C--F-G) uses a soft-loud dynamic that is reminiscent of 1990s alternative rock compositions. A post-chorus breakdown uses similar chords to the verses, beginning with E#-F, but progresses to a lower key (B?-B#). Overall, the song features an ABCD song format.

Lyrically, the song explores an "ethereal journey." The line "travel out of our minds / and into our hearts / standing by" is used a number of times throughout and Auf der Maur refers to this as "very apropos of the 21st century." Interpretation of the song's meaning differ, however, a common interpretation is that it explores the tension between passion and reason, giving it a psychological schematic. Auf der Maur stated in an interview with ARTISTdirect in May 2010 that the lyrics were written from a purely modern perspective, despite the medieval basis of the *OOOM* project, and it was difficult to "find our honest, emotional truth and the feminine balance to the wars going on and the destruction to mother nature." Furthermore, she summed up the song describing it as "a very innocent mirror being held up to what's going on and what may need to be done on a very personal and internal level."

## Release

The song was released to radio in the United States and Canada in November 2009 and later to European radio in early 2010. However, it did not receive as much airplay as the single's predecessors; "Followed the Waves", "Real a Lie" and "Taste You"; due to lack of commercial promotion as Auf der Maur was not signed to a major label. Roadrunner Records distributed the single in Europe, including Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Iceland, and Poland and through its promotional airplay also enabled Auf der Maur to be featured on, and interviewed in some cases, on BBC Radio 1, XFM, Planet Rock, Kerrang Radio and Q Radio in the UK and RTÉ 2FM in Ireland. A domestic release of the song was featured as a free digital download from Auf der Maur's official web site on November 9, 2009 and a limited edition 7" vinyl version of the single, with "Lead Horse" as a b-side, was featured in the Full OOOM package of *Out of Our Minds* official release on March 29, 2010. In efforts to promote the domestic release of the single, Auf der Maur performed a five-date Canadian tour lasting from November 18 to 24, 2009 being supported by Stone Temple Pilots. Despite its amount of promotion, the single failed to chart.

## Critical reception

Critical response to the song's single release, and its inclusion on the album, was mixed. Tom Edwards of the *NME* described it as "the kind of overblown rock posturing left untapped since the early '90s" but also as a "guilty pleasure", giving it a 5/10 rating. Music Feeds Australia stated that it was an "interesting track, with industrial-lite riffs with Billy Corgan influenced lyrics" and although it was "darker in texture then the bands she has played in, the bleak sound lends itself as a soundtrack you'd expect to hear on a Marvel comic based movie."

## Music video

A promotional music video for the song, based on the concept movie of the same name and directed by Tony Stone, was premiered on Auf der Maur's official site on January 12, 2010. Recorded in 2007 alongside the film, the video features a female character, played by Auf der Maur, crashing her car in a dark forest and discovering mythical elements within the forest, such as a river which contains a Viking helmet, a comet and an abandoned crypt. The video follows an identical form of direction, uses identical imagery and is a musical counterpart to the related *OOOM* film.

Speaking of the music video, Auf der Maur said:

> "Essentially, it's an eternal female character on the hunt for the heart, looking for the center. In the video, there's that lost-in-time secretary who gets in a car crash. She time travels to find the heart of a Viking—the heart of a bleeding tree. As a woman, I'm just an extension of any woman at any time on the planet earth trying to find the heart of her reason for being here—the heart of her record the heart of her relationship and so on. I'd say every single song on the album is coming from that place, but "Out of Our Minds" says it best."

The music video, as well as an exclusive making-of documentary, were included in the official release of *Out of Our Minds*. The videos were included as part of a download, in Apple Video format, upon purchase of Full OOOM from Auf der Maur's official online store. Both videos were also included as bonus content on the *OOOM* DVD.

## Track listing

All songs written by Melissa Auf der Maur, Jordan Zadorozny and Vince Nudo.

Digital download 1. "Out of Our Minds" – 4:34

Limited edition 7" vinyl 1. "Out of Our Minds" \- 4:34
2. "Lead Horse" \- 3:48

European promotional CD 1. "Out of Our Minds" (radio edit) \- 3:54

## Personnel

Musicians Technical personnel

## InfoBox

| "Out of Our Minds" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by MAdM | |
| from the album  *Out of Our Minds* | |
| B-side | "Lead Horse" |
| Released | November 9, 2009 (2009-11-09) |
| Recorded | 2007 (2007) at French Kiss Recording in Pembroke, Ontario, Canada and Cherokee Studios in Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 4:34 |
| Label | PHI-MAdM Music, Inc, Roadrunner Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Melissa Auf der Maur, Jordon Zadorozny, Vince Nudo |
| Producer(s) | Jordon Zadorozny, Melissa Auf der Maur |
| MAdM singles chronology | |
| "Taste You"
(2004) "**Out of Our Minds**"
(2009) "Meet Me on the Dark Side"
(2010) | |


title: Ferdinand Foltin

abstract: Ferdinand Foltin was an Austrian officer in the paratroop forces (Fallschirmjäger) of Nazi Germany during World War II and a general in the post-war Austrian Armed Forces. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

text:
# Ferdinand Foltin

**Ferdinand Foltin** (30 November 1916 – 18 May 2007) was an Austrian officer in the paratroop forces (Fallschirmjäger) of Nazi Germany during World War II and a general in the post-war Austrian Armed Forces. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Awards and decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.

## InfoBox

| Ferdinand Foltin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1916-11-30)30 November 1916 |
| Died | 18 May 2007(2007-05-18) (aged 90) |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany
Austria |
| Service/branch | Luftwaffe
Austrian Air Force |
| Years of service | 1936–45
1952–82 |
| Rank | Major (Wehrmacht)
Generalmajor (Bundesheer) |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |


title: Frank Barnitz

abstract: Frank Barnitz is an American farmer, businessman, and politician who served as a Democratic member of the Missouri State Senate and Missouri House of Representatives.

text:
# Frank Barnitz

**Frank Barnitz** (born March 17, 1968) is an American farmer, businessman, and politician who served as a Democratic member of the Missouri State Senate and Missouri House of Representatives.

## Early life and education

Barnitz was born and raised in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, and attended Southwest Missouri State University.

## Career

Barnitz was first elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 2000, and served in that body until 2005. He was elected to the Missouri State Senate in a special election in 2005, and served in that body until 2011. He was defeated in the November 2010 election by Republican Dan Brown.

Barnitz is the owner and operator of Networth Feeds and Feeding, a custom feed mill, and manages Barnitz Farms in Lake Spring, Missouri.

## Personal life

Barnitz is married to Lisa Payne-Barnitz, and they have three daughters. Barnitz and his family are members of Grace Christian Church in Salem, Missouri.

* *Official Manual, State of Missouri, 2005-2006.* Jefferson City, MO:Secretary of State

## InfoBox

| Frank Barnitz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Missouri Senate
from the 16th district | |
| **In office**
2005 – 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Sarah Steelman |
| Succeeded by | Dan W. Brown |
| Member of the Missouri House of Representatives
from the 150th district | |
| **In office**
2001 – 2002 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-03-17) March 17, 1968
Poplar Bluff, Missouri, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Lisa Payne-Barnitz |
| Residence(s) | Lake Spring, Missouri, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Southwest Missouri State University |
| Occupation | Farmer, politician |
|  | |


title: GOLGA8A

abstract: Golgin A8 family member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLGA8A gene.

text:
# GOLGA8A

**Golgin A8 family member A** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLGA8A gene.

## Function

The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked, flattened membrane sacs referred to as cisternae. Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. The golgins constitute a family of proteins which are localized to the Golgi. This gene encodes a golgin which structurally resembles its family member GOLGA2, suggesting that they may share a similar function. There are many similar copies of this gene on chromosome 15. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| GOLGA8A | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | GOLGA8A, GM88, golgin A8 family member A, GOLGA8B, CFAP286, FAP286 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 616180; HomoloGene: 121673; GeneCards: GOLGA8A; OMA:GOLGA8A - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_851422
NP\_001355000
NP\_001355001   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 34.38 – 34.44 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Syřenov

abstract: Syřenov is a municipality and village in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

text:
# Syřenov

**Syřenov** is a municipality and village in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Újezdec and Žďár u Kumburku are administrative parts of Syřenov.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 663 |  |
| 1880 | 638 | −3.8% |
| 1890 | 632 | −0.9% |
| 1900 | 588 | −7.0% |
| 1910 | 564 | −4.1% |
| 1921 | 514 | −8.9% |
| 1930 | 489 | −4.9% |
| 1950 | 391 | −20.0% |
| 1961 | 328 | −16.1% |
| 1970 | 293 | −10.7% |
| 1980 | 251 | −14.3% |
| 1991 | 195 | −22.3% |
| 2001 | 204 | +4.6% |
| 2011 | 207 | +1.5% |
| 2021 | 228 | +10.1% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Syřenov | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Ruin of Kumburk Castle | |
|  | |
| SyřenovLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°29′56″N 15°25′40″E / 50.49889°N 15.42778°E / 50.49889; 15.42778 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Liberec |
| District | Semily |
| First mentioned | 1533 |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.46 km2 (2.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 448 m (1,470 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 231 |
| Density | 36/km2 (93/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 512 71 |
| Website | syrenov.cz |


title: Oregon Route 281

abstract: Oregon Route 281 is an Oregon state highway running from Hood River to the community of Mount Hood. OR 281 is known as the Hood River Highway No. 281. It is 19.01 miles (30.59 km) long and runs north–south, entirely within Hood River County. OR 281 was established in 2002 as part of Oregon's project to assign route numbers to highways that previously were not assigned.

text:
# Oregon Route 281

**Oregon Route 281** is an Oregon state highway running from Hood River to the community of Mount Hood. OR 281 is known as the **Hood River Highway No. 281** (see Oregon highways and routes). It is 19.01 miles (30.59 km) long and runs north–south, entirely within Hood River County.

OR 281 was established in 2002 as part of Oregon's project to assign route numbers to highways that previously were not assigned.

## Route description

OR 281 begins at an intersection with US 30 and OR 35 at Hood River and heads south, intersecting OR 282 five miles (8 km) south of Hood River. OR 281 continues south through Winans, Dee, and Trout Creek to Parkdale. At Parkdale, OR 281 turns northeast for two miles (3 km) to the community of Mount Hood, where it ends at an intersection with OR 35. OR 281 is also known as Dee Highway as residents that live along the highway have the name as part of their mailing address.

## History

OR 281 was assigned to the Hood River Highway in 2002.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Hood River County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hood River | 0.00 | 0.00 |
US 30 / OR 35 to I-84 Portland, Hood River City Center, The Dalles |  |
|  | 5.09 | 8.19 | OR 282 Fairgrounds, Odell |  |
| Mount Hood | 19.07 | 30.69 | OR 35 Odell, Hood River, Government Camp, Mount Hood |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Oregon Route 281KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Oregon Route 281 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route 281 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by ODOT | |
| Length | 19.01 mi (30.59 km) |
| Existed | 2002–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | OR 35 in Mount Hood |
| Major intersections | OR 282 near Hood River |
| North end | US 30 / OR 35 in Hood River |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| OR 273   OR 282 | |


title: Szewce Owsiane

abstract: Szewce Owsiane is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Kutno and 45 km (28 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Szewce Owsiane

**Szewce Owsiane** \[ˈʂɛft͡sɛ ɔfˈɕanɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Kutno and 45 km (28 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Szewce Owsiane | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Szewce Owsiane | |
| Coordinates: 52°11′N 19°32′E / 52.183°N 19.533°E / 52.183; 19.533 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Kutno |
| Gmina | Bedlno |


title: Sântioana (river)

abstract: The Sântioana is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mică in Romania. It discharges into the Târnava Mică in Laslău Mare. Its length is 16 km (9.9 mi) and its basin size is 45 km⁲ (17 sq mi).

text:
# Sântioana (river)

The **Sântioana** is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mică in Romania. It discharges into the Târnava Mică in Laslău Mare. Its length is 16 km (9.9 mi) and its basin size is 45 km2 (17 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Sântioana | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Mureș County |
| Villages | Sântioana, Ormeniș, Laslău Mic, Laslău Mare |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Târnava Mică |
| location | Laslău Mare |
| coordinates | 46°23′28″N 24°32′25″E / 46.3911°N 24.5402°E / 46.3911; 24.5402 |
| Length | 16 km (9.9 mi) |
| Basin size | 45 km2 (17 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Târnava MicăTârnavaMureșTiszaDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Oregus

abstract:
Oregus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae that is endemic to New Zealand. A 2003 taxonomic revision of the group using both morphological and DNA characters concluded that it contained four species, and identified new species from Marlborough and North Canterbury. The current species list is:
  - Oregus aereus
  - Oregus crypticus Pawson, Emberson, Armstrong & Paterson, 2003
  - Oregus inaequalis
  - Oregus septentrionalis Pawson, Emberson, Armstrong & Paterson, 2003

text:
# Oregus

***Oregus*** is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae that is endemic to New Zealand. A 2003 taxonomic revision of the group using both morphological and DNA characters concluded that it contained four species, and identified new species from Marlborough (*Oregus spetentionalis*) and North Canterbury (*Oregus crypticus*). The current species list is:

* Media related to Oregus at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Oregus at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Oregus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male holotype specimen of *Oregus crypticus* held at the Auckland War Memorial Museum. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Broscinae |
| Tribe: | Broscini |
| Subtribe: | Nothobroscina |
| Genus: | *Oregus*<br>Putzeys, 1868 |
|


title: Orobazus

abstract: Orobazus was the ambassador of the Parthian king Mithridates II who contacted the Roman magistrate Lucius Cornelius Sulla. This was the first meeting between a Parthian and a Roman official. The results of this meeting are not clear, but it is generally known that during the meeting Sulla was sitting between the Parthian ambassador and Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia the king of Cappadocia. The center was considered the seat of honor, and for this the Parthian king put Orobazus to death for allowing a Roman magistrate to treat a Parthian envoy arrogantly.

text:
# Orobazus

**Orobazus** was the ambassador of the Parthian king Mithridates II who contacted the Roman magistrate Lucius Cornelius Sulla. This was the first meeting between a Parthian and a Roman official. The results of this meeting are not clear, but it is generally known that during the meeting Sulla was sitting between the Parthian ambassador and Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia the king of Cappadocia. The center was considered the seat of honor, and for this the Parthian king put Orobazus to death for allowing a Roman magistrate to treat a Parthian envoy arrogantly.

## Sources

* Dignas, Beate; Winter, Engelbert (2007). *Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84925-8.


title: Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4

abstract: Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4 is an album by Koby Israelite performing compositions from John Zorn's second Masada book, "The Book of Angels".

text:
# Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4

***Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4*** is an album by Koby Israelite performing compositions from John Zorn's second Masada book, "The Book of Angels".

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating "*Orobas: Book of Angels, Vol. 4* is another essential Four-for-four and counting. This is the most exhilarating set of recordings Tzadik has offered in quite some time. For those who haven't yet checkout Israelite, this is a fantastic opportunity".

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| All About Jazz | (favorable) |

## Track listing

*All compositions by John Zorn.* 1. "Rampel" - 6:31
2. "Zafiel" - 4:40
3. "Ezgadi" - 5:16
4. "Nisroc" - 4:56
5. "Negef" - 5:54
6. "Khabiel" - 6:28
7. "Chayo" - 6:27
8. "Rachmiel" - 8:08

* Recorded in London, UK in November–December 2005

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Koby Israelite | |
| Released | March 21, 2006 |
| Recorded | November–December, 2005 |
| Genre | Avant-garde, contemporary classical music, jazz, klezmer |
| Length | 48:18 |
| Label | Tzadik |
| Producer | John Zorn |
| Book of Angels chronology | |
| *Malphas: Book of Angels Volume 3*
(2006) ***Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4***
(2006) *Balan: Book of Angels Volume 5*
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Koby Israelite chronology | |
| *Mood Swings*
(2005) ***Orobas: Book of Angels Volume 4***
(2006) *Is He Listening?*
(2009) | |
|  | |


title: Sébastien Slodtz

abstract:
Sebastiaen Slodtz, in France called Sébastien Slodtz (1655–1726) was a Flemish sculptor and decorator who after training in his native Antwerp, moved to France where he became a court sculptor to the King.
He was the father of three sons who helped further shape official French sculpture between the Baroque and the Rococo.

text:
# Sébastien Slodtz

**Sebastiaen Slodtz**, in France called **Sébastien Slodtz** (1655–1726) was a Flemish sculptor and decorator who after training in his native Antwerp, moved to France where he became a court sculptor to the King. He was the father of three sons who helped further shape official French sculpture between the Baroque and the Rococo.

## Life

He was born in Antwerp as the son of a master carpenter and Jacqueline de Lannoy. He moved to Paris in 1685. Here he joined the Paris workshop of François Girardon. Under Girardon's direction he worked for the sculptural decor of Versailles and its gardens and for the Tuileries. Sébastien Slodtz was the outstanding sculptor to come out of Girardon's atelier.

He married in 1692 Magdelaine (Madeleine) de Guichy (or Cucci), the daughter of Domenico Cucci, the gold- and silversmith to king Louis XIV. The couple had 13 children. His son René-Michel Slodtz (1705–64), nicknamed Michelange (i.e. Michelangelo), is regarded as the sole great sculptor in the Slodtz dynasty of artists. Two other sons worked in partnership largely for the ephemeral royal and princely occasions overseen by the organisation of the French royal household called the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi: the designer-decorator Sébastien-Antoine (1695–1754) and the sculptor Paul-Ambroise (1702–58), who was the only one of the sons to be accepted in the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. Their lively, dashing drawings cannot be told apart, even by specialists. Two further brothers, Jean-Baptiste Slodtz and Dominique-François were painters, the former becoming a *peintre ordinaire* to the Duke of Orléans and the latter also working for the Menus-Plaisirs. His daughter Maria Francisca (Marie-Françoise) Slodtz, married the Flemish painter Carel van Falens on 16 July 1716.

He was appointed to the post of *Dessinateur de la Chambre et du Cabinet de Sa Majesté*, which meant he was in charge of the orderly production of the designs for the Menus-Plaisirs. Two of his sons filled this post after him. He also became rector of the Académie de Saint-Luc, the Paris guild of painters and sculptors.

Among the pupils of Sébastien Slodtz was Pierre de L'Estache.

He died on 9 May 1726 in his lodgings in the Louvre in Paris.

## Work

Sébastien Slodtz was a prolific sculptor and ornamental designer. He worked on a number of commissions in the gardens of Versailles including for a marble vase for the allée royale and decorations for the chapel of the Virgin and the chapel of St Louis. He worked also on the ephemeral decoration for funerals organised by the Menus-Plaisirs at the Notre Dame and the abbey of Saint-Denis.

His best-known work is the *Aristaeus fettering Proteus*, begun in 1688 and installed in 1714 in the *Bassin d'Apollon* on the grand terrace at Versailles, where it is still in situ. His other chief works were the *Hannibal counting the rings of the Roman knights killed at the Battle of Cannae* for the allée royale at Versailles. It was designed as a pendant for Nicolas Coustou's *Julius Caesar*. Girardon made a terracotta model on the basis of which Slodtz executed the larger work. He also made a statue of St Ambrose in the Dôme des Invalides, and a bas-relief *Saint Louis sending missionaries to India*. Other works were provided for the Château de Marly, such as the marble *Vertumnus* for the Cascade and sculptures for the Val-de-Grâce.

In Nymphenburg Palace, the secret council chamber of Elector Max Emanuel's parade apartment houses an ensemble by Slodtz. It is a magnificent fireplace with a white marble mirror top with incrusted, multi-coloured decoration as well as tabletops of the same design for two consoles, which the Elector commissioned in 1719.


title: TESCON

abstract: TESCON is the student wing of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) of Ghana founded on 8 January 2000. It was inaugurated by the 2nd President of the 4th Republic of Ghana, John Agyekum Kufuor. Since its formation, TESCON has been one of the most important wings of the NPP's student and political activism and grass-root mobilisation.

text:
# TESCON

**TESCON** (Tertiary Students Confederacy) is the student wing of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) of Ghana founded on 8 January 2000.

It was inaugurated by the 2nd President of the 4th Republic of Ghana, John Agyekum Kufuor. Since its formation, TESCON has been one of the most important wings of the NPP's student and political activism and grass-root mobilisation.

## InfoBox

| Tertiary Students Confederacy | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Founded | 8th January, 2000 |
| Headquarters | Accra |
| Ideology | Liberal conservatism
Conservatism
Liberalism
 |
| Mother party | New Patriotic Party |
| Website | newpatrioticparty.org |


title: Elke Wülfing

abstract: Elke Wülfing is a German politician (CDU). She was a member of the German Bundestag from 1990 to 2005 and additionally served as Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research, and Technology from 1997 to 1998.

text:
# Elke Wülfing

**Elke Wülfing** (née **Rottmann**; born November 7, 1947, in Herford, Allied-occupied Germany) is a German politician (CDU). She was a member of the German Bundestag from 1990 to 2005 and additionally served as Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research, and Technology from 1997 to 1998.

## Biography

In 1966, Wülfing completed her high school diploma (Abitur) and became a state-certified foreign correspondent in Hamburg in 1969.

She joined the Young Union in 1972 and the CDU in 1973. From 1978 to 1982, she served as district chairwoman of the Young Union, from 1985 to 1991 as district chairwoman of the Women's Union, from 1990 as district chairwoman of the CDU Münsterland, and from 1991 as deputy state chairwoman of the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia. Additionally, she was a member of the Borken City Council from 1975 to 1979 and a member of the Borken District Council from 1979 to 1991. Furthermore, she acted as a member of the supervisory board of the Economic Development Corporation of the Borken District and the political committee of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia.

She was elected for the CDU via the direct mandate of the constituency Borken II in North Rhine-Westphalia. From December 20, 1990, to September 18, 2005 (four electoral terms), she was a member of the German Bundestag. In the Bundestag, she served on the Finance Committee. From January 23, 1997, to October 26, 1998, Wülfing held the position of Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research, and Technology.

Since April 2007, she has been the honorary chairwoman of the CDU district association Münsterland.

1. "Neun Damen und ein stolzer Eroberer - WELT". *DIE WELT* (in German). 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
2. "Kohl stärkt Frauen-Union den Rücken - WELT". *DIE WELT* (in German). 2011-11-15. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
3. "TELEMEDIZIN (VII): Weniger Kosten, bessere Leistungen". *Der Spiegel* (in German). 1998-07-28. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
4. Doetkoette, Rainer. ""Junge Union darf nicht still stehen"". *www.wn.de* (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-24.
5. "Rüttgers ratlos in NRW - WELT". *DIE WELT* (in German). 2011-11-16. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
6. Hoffmann, Wolfgang (1997-01-24). "Bonner Kulisse". *Die Zeit* (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
7. "Im Steuerstreit setzt sich die Union durch, die FDP verliert, und Lafontaine feiert ersten Sieg". *focus.de*.
8. "Chronik – SKM – Katholischer Verein für soziale Dienste Bocholt e.V." (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-24.
9. "Bezirksvorstand". *www.cdu-muensterland.de* (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-24.


title: Sébastien Jacquemyns

abstract: Sébastien Jacquemyns was a Belgian footballer. He played in two matches for the Belgium national football team in 1955.

text:
# Sébastien Jacquemyns

**Sébastien Jacquemyns** (25 June 1929  21 May 1976) was a Belgian footballer. He played in two matches for the Belgium national football team in 1955.

## InfoBox

Sébastien Jacquemyns
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1929-06-25)25 June 1929 | | |
| Date of death | 21 May 1976(1976-05-21) (aged 46) | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1955 | Belgium | 2 | (0) |


title: Orlean, Virginia

abstract: Orlean is a small unincorporated village in Fauquier County, Virginia, located approximately 50 miles (80 km) west of Washington, DC. Orlean is situated at the intersection of Leeds Manor Road and John Barton Payne Road. The Orlean Post Office has the ZIP Code of 20128. The Orlean Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

text:
# Orlean, Virginia

**Orlean** is a small unincorporated village in Fauquier County, Virginia, located approximately 50 miles (80 km) west of Washington, DC. Orlean is situated at the intersection of Leeds Manor Road (County Route 688) and John Barton Payne Road (County Route 732). The Orlean Post Office has the ZIP Code of 20128.

The Orlean Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## Notable residents

## InfoBox

| Orlean, Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated village | |
|  | |
| OrleanLocation within Fauquier countyOrleanOrlean (Virginia)OrleanOrlean (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°45′09″N 77°57′50″W / 38.75250°N 77.96389°W / 38.75250; -77.96389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Fauquier |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 20128 |


title: Orleana Hawks Puckett

abstract: Orleana Hawks Puckett was an American midwife in the mountains of Patrick and Carroll County, Virginia. Although never documented, it is said she helped deliver more than 1,000 babies, and never lost a mother or a child. In 2012, Puckett was posthumously honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History".

text:
# Orleana Hawks Puckett

**Orleana Hawks Puckett** (c. 1844 – 1938) was an American midwife in the mountains of Patrick and Carroll County, Virginia. Although never documented, it is said she helped deliver more than 1,000 babies, and never lost a mother or a child. In 2012, Puckett was posthumously honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History".

## Life

Puckett served as a midwife from 1889 until 1938, a year before she died. She started being a midwife after she herself had lost 24 children. Reasons for these deaths are unclear; some say she or her husband murdered them, but a more likely reason is that she had a disease that affected the baby, like Rh hemolytic disease. Most of her children were stillborn, and if they did live, they only survived for a few days. Even though she was unable successfully to have children, or maybe because of that, she decided to assist her neighbors in Carroll County during childbirth. She was almost 50 years old when she started her “practice”, on a completely voluntarily basis. The last delivery she assisted was that of Maxwell Hawks, on August 30, 1938.

## Name

Since Puckett herself was illiterate, the spelling of her first name is uncertain. In 1913, when she applied for a pension because her husband had served in the Confederate Army, the notary filled in "Orleana". Some of the different names are Orlean, Orlena, Aulina or even Pauline.

## Legacy

Her last home was a tiny one-room wood cabin hardly larger than an average dining room; it has been preserved by the National Park Service and may be seen along the Blue Ridge Parkway at mile 189.9.

The Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute in Asheville, North Carolina continues her legacy to care for mother and child. They promote and try to strengthen the development of child, parents, and family.

In 2018 the Virginia Capitol Foundation announced that Puckett's name would be included on the Virginia Women's Monument's glass Wall of Honor.


title: Organizing for America

abstract: Organizing for America (OFA) is a community organizing project of the Democratic National Committee. Initially founded after the presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, the group sought to mobilize supporters in favor of Obama's legislative priorities, particularly health care reform. Eventually, the organization played a role in the midterm elections of 2010. Later, it became the grassroots arm of Obama for America. After Obama's second inauguration, it was reorganized as Organizing for Action and returned to its previous mission of organizing around the president's agenda. It has since become a hub of the Democratic protest movement.

text:
# Organizing for America

**Organizing for America** (**OFA**) is a community organizing project of the Democratic National Committee. Initially founded after the presidential inauguration of Barack Obama, the group sought to mobilize supporters in favor of Obama's legislative priorities, particularly health care reform. Eventually, the organization played a role in the midterm elections of 2010. Later, it became the grassroots arm of Obama for America. After Obama's second inauguration, it was reorganized as Organizing for Action and returned to its previous mission of organizing around the president's agenda. It has since become a hub of the Democratic protest movement.

## History

The formation of Organizing for America was announced by then-President-Elect Obama on January 17, 2009.

The group officially began operations on the third day of the Obama administration, January 23, 2009. On the same day, it was announced that Mitch Stewart would serve as the first director. Jeremy Bird, a former Obama for America field operative, was named Deputy Director.

In mid January 2013, the organization was transformed into a nonprofit group Organizing for Action. The president's 2012 campaign manager, Jim Messina, was announced as the group's national chairman.

The organization will accept donations from individuals and corporations but not from lobbyists and political action committees. Offices will be in Washington and Chicago.

## Mission

The organization's activities originally centered around political activism in favor of Obama's early legislative goals, including the 2009 stimulus package and Democratic Party plans to reform the healthcare system. Another stated goal of OFA was alleviating perceived political apathy and increasing support for the Democratic Party. In preparation for President Obama's second term, Organization for America was turned into a nonprofit group — funded in part by corporate money — to mobilize support behind the president's agenda. As a tax exempt organization it will seek to harness the energy of the president's re-election campaign for future legislative fights. The group will be separate from the Democratic National Committee and advocate on key policy issues such as gun control and immigration, train future leaders, and devote attention to local issues throughout the United States.

## Organization

Organizing for America is composed of 50 different state organizations, united by a single national umbrella. The states have a high level of autonomy when it comes to deciding how to execute tasks given by the national office, but most major programs are ultimately delegated by the national directors. Under the federal tax code 501(c)(4) the group will have tax-exempt status as long as it is not primarily involved in activity that could influence an election. As a nonprofit, it can run support ads for an issue as long as it is not involved in activity aimed at electing candidates for office.

## Political activism

Organizing for America has provided logistical support to local community groups, including holding conference calls with volunteers, sponsoring events and house parties, using social networking and New Media, and providing talking points.

## Major campaigns

### Health care reform

On October 20, 2009, OFA hosted a national phone bank event intended to encourage elected federal officials to support Obama's healthcare proposals. A stated goal of achieving 100,000 phone calls was exceeded, with 300,000 calls ultimately made. The event was considered highly successful.

On February 11, 2010, OFA launched a national campaign called "You Fight, We Fight". This program enabled people to pledge a number of hours in support of healthcare reform and President Barack Obama's domestic goals. Nevertheless, OFA members were never called upon to do volunteer work in support of including a public option in the bill, despite Obama's stated preference for such a provision.

After the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which completed one piece of Obama's domestic agenda, Organizing for America enabled Americans to "co-sign with the president," creating a permanent record of the bills supporters. Those who co-signed could opt to have a certificate noting their participation sent to them for free. Over one million signatures of health care bill supporters were delivered to the president in April 2010.

### Other issues

Except for some work on health care reform, the Obama administration did not made extensive use of OFA. This choice was criticized by some veterans of the 2008 campaign, who believed that Obama has erred by being too ready to compromise with conservatives instead of mobilizing the OFA volunteer base.

## InfoBox

Organizing for America (OFA)
|
|  |
| Founded | 2009 |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C. |
| Location | * United States |
| Members | 13 million email addresses from Obama campaign, unknown membership |
| Key people | Mitch Stewart, director |
| Affiliations | Democratic Party |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Orvil Dryfoos

abstract: Orvil Eugene Dryfoos was the publisher of The New York Times from 1961 to his death. He entered the Times family via his marriage to Marian Sulzberger, daughter of then-publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger.

text:
# Orvil Dryfoos

**Orvil Eugene Dryfoos** (November 8, 1912 – May 25, 1963) was the publisher of *The New York Times* from 1961 to his death. He entered the *Times* family via his marriage to Marian Sulzberger, daughter of then-publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger.

## Early life

Dryfoos was born to Jack A. Dryfoos and the former Florence Levi. The elder Dryfoos was a wealthy hosiery manufacturer who was also the treasurer of a paper novelty manufacturing company. Orvil Dryfoos attended the Horace Mann School in New York City and Dartmouth College. He majored in sociology and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1934.

Upon graduation he began work as a runner on Wall Street at the firm Asiel & Co. In 1937 he moved to the firm Sydney Lewinson & Co. as a partner and purchased a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. Dryfoos belonged to Congregation Emanu-El of New York. Dryfoos was prevented from serving in World War II due to a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. He worked instead for the New York Red Cross Chapter's blood donor committee through the war.

## *The New York Times*

On July 8, 1941, he married Marian Sulzberger, daughter of *New York Times* publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger. His father-in-law had also married into the Ochs family who owned the paper. He was the husband of Adolph Ochs's only child, Iphigene Ochs. "I was sensible enough to marry the boss's daughter," Sulzberger told Dryfoos, "and you were too."

In 1942, Dryfoos left Wall Street to be groomed to lead *The New York Times* and he became a reporter on the local staff. Though he worked numerous assignments, he never earned a byline during his year on the writing staff. The next year he became assistant to the publisher. He had three children: Jacqueline Hays, (born May 8, 1943), Robert Ochs (November 4, 1944) and Susan Warms (November 5, 1946).

Dryfoos became a trustee of his *alma mater* Dartmouth, a lay trustee of Fordham University, and trustee and executive committee member of the Rockefeller Foundation, a director of the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau, a director of the Fifth Avenue Association, a director of the 1964 New York World's Fair, and president of the company charity, The New York Times Foundation. He was awarded an honorary Master of Arts in 1957 from Dartmouth and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 1962 from Oberlin College.

In 1954 Dryfoos became a vice-president and director of the company. In 1957 he became *Times* president and after Sulzberger suffered a stroke in 1958, Dryfoos became responsible for most of the paper's day-to-day operations. He officially became publisher on April 25, 1961, when Sulzberger stepped down.

Dryfoos immediately appointed veteran editorial board member, writer, and iconoclast John Bertram Oakes editorial page editor. Another of Dryfoos's first orders of business was launching the Western Edition of *The New York Times*, which was announced on October 31, 1961.

### Newspaper strike

The defining struggle of Dryfoos' tenure at *The Times* was a lengthy a massive newspaper strike, which began in late 1962 and brought the publishing industry of New York to its knees. The staff of *The Times* dropped from 5,000 working personnel to only 900.

The stress of negotiations and continuing to produce as much of a paper as possible adversely affected Dryfoos's health, as he worked to resolve the strike.

The strike lasted for 114 days and at the time was identified as the costliest in *Times* history. On March 31, 1963, the strikers returned to work. Dryfoos maintained cordial relations with strikers throughout the stoppage and greeted the staff with a letter stating, "It's good to see you back at work!"

## Personal life

Dryfoos and his wife, the former Marian Sulzberger, had three children: Jacqueline Hays Dryfoos (born 1943), a psychotherapist divorced from Stuart Greenspon; Robert Ochs Dryfoos (born 1944), divorced from Katie Thomas; and Susan Warms Dryfoos (born 1946), married to Daniel Selznick, son of film producer David O. Selznick and Irene Mayer Selznick.

## Death

Following the protracted, and draining, 112-day newspaper strike of 1962-63, Dryfoos went to Puerto Rico to recover, but while there he checked into a hospital. He returned to New York and immediately went to Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. He died there on May 25, 1963, from heart failure at the age of 50.

Dryfoos's funeral at Congregation Emanu-El of New York was attended by many notable residents of New York City, including New York City mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr., Columbia University president Grayson L. Kirk and later long-time New York District Attorney Robert M. Morgenthau. Many members of the Rockefeller family were there, including New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller, Lincoln Center chairman John D. Rockefeller III, and Chase Manhattan Bank president David Rockefeller. Many of his rival publishers attended: Hearst Newspapers editor in chief William Randolph Hearst, Jr., Newhouse publisher Samuel Irving Newhouse, Sr., *New York Post* publisher Dorothy Schiff, CBS president Frank Stanton, and Time Inc. chairman Andrew Heiskell (in 1965, Heiskell married Dryfoos's widow, Marian). James Reston, the Washington correspondent and future executive editor of *The New York Times* who was also a close friend of Dryfoos, gave the eulogy. Reston said that Dryfoos "wore his life away" during the strike and "when the strike was over he finally slipped away to the hospital and never came back."

He was succeeded as publisher by Arthur Ochs "Punch" Sulzberger, the son of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, and younger brother of Marian Sulzberger Dryfoos.

## InfoBox

| Orvil Dryfoos | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Orvil Eugene Dryfoos
November 8, 1912 |
| Died | May 25, 1963(1963-05-25) (aged 50) |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | B.A. Dartmouth College |
| Known for | publisher of The New York Times |
| Spouse | Marian Sulzberger |
| Children | Jacqueline Hays Dryfoos Greenspon
Robert Ochs Dryfoos
Susan Warms Dryfoos Selznick |
| Family | Arthur Hays Sulzberger (father-in-law)
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger (brother-in-law) |


title: Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen

abstract: Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

text:
# Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen

**Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen** is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

## Geography

Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen is located in the "Hägerortes" district, between the lower reaches of the little Warnow River and Bad Doberan, close to the Baltic Sea (known in German as the East Sea) coast. The municipality includes nearly a kilometer of protected nature reserve along the Stoltera cliffs.

## History

A settlement round a green called Lichtenhagen is recorded from 1264 in connection with a church appointment, and the church itself has a surviving mention from 1319, by which time the church had already been built.

At the start of the fourteenth century Lichtenhagen was held by the von Gummern family. A branch of the von Schnakenburg family, which had been based in nearby Diedrichshagen till 1359 was also here.

By the second half of the fifteenth century Lichtenhagen was at least in part the property of a man called Nikolaus Hasenkop and of his sons Hermann and Nikolaus. However, in a document dated 3 January 1505 the widow of Klaus, the last of the von Gummern land owners here, transferred several fiefs including Lichtenhagen to Duke Balthasar of Mecklenburg and his nephew, Duke Henry of Mecklenburg. A generation later, in 1531, Hans von Gummern who was a nephew of Klaus undertook a litigation to recover the lands transferred by his uncle's widow, but his case failed. Lichtenhagen therefore remained within a ducal domain.

The first surviving record of "Elmenhorst" dates from 1320 at which time it was a village settlement strung along a single street.

In 1960 Elmenhorst and Lichtenhagen were formally merged for administrative purposes, and in January 1992 the name of the combined municipality was changed to Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen.

## Economy

The economy of the place is defined by the proximity of the Baltic Sea, which supports tourism, and of Rostock which is where many of the citizens work.

The name "Elmenhorst" is also known in the region for the "Elmenhorster Fruchtsaftgetränke GmbH", a company involved in the extraction, bottling and distribution of fruit juice.

## InfoBox

| Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen within Rostock district | |
| Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen Elmenhorst/Lichtenhagen | |
| Coordinates: 54°08′N 12°01′E / 54.133°N 12.017°E / 54.133; 12.017 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Rostock |
| Municipal assoc. | Warnow-West |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Horst Harbrecht |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.05 km2 (4.65 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 4,243 |
| Density | 350/km2 (910/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 18107 |
| Dialling codes | 038327 |
| Vehicle registration | LRO |
| Website | www.amt-warnow-west.de |


title: Elmenteitan

abstract: The Elmenteitan culture was a prehistoric lithic industry and pottery tradition with a distinct pattern of land use, hunting and pastoralism that appeared and developed on the western plains of Kenya, East Africa during the Pastoral Neolithic c.3300-1200 BP. It was named by archaeologist Louis Leakey after Lake Elmenteita, a soda lake located in the Great Rift Valley, about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Nairobi.

text:
# Elmenteitan

The **Elmenteitan** culture was a prehistoric lithic industry and pottery tradition with a distinct pattern of land use, hunting and pastoralism that appeared and developed on the western plains of Kenya, East Africa during the Pastoral Neolithic c.3300-1200 BP. It was named by archaeologist Louis Leakey after Lake Elmenteita (also *Elementaita*), a soda lake located in the Great Rift Valley, about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Nairobi.

## History of research

The Elmenteitan was first described by Louis Leakey from excavations at Gamble's Cave (the type site) in 1931 and Njoro River Cave in 1938. Leakey had noticed a locally distinct cluster of the lithic industry and a universal pottery tradition in a restricted area on the plains west of the central Great Rift Valley and at the Mau Escarpment.

## Sites and society

Elmenteitan sites are found between the central Rift Valley and the western Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya. The occupants of all these sites used obsidian sourced from Mount Eburu. They left behind distinctive lithic and ceramic traditions and practiced primarily cremation burial. This contrasts with the contemporaneous SPN pastoral tradition whose sites are found across a wider part of Kenya and Tanzania. Occupants of these sites used a variety of obsidian sources, had greater diversity in material culture, and mainly buried their dead in cairns. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous SPN category likely encompasses multiple groups.

## Artefacts and characteristics

At Elmenteitan sites, lithic assemblages are distinguished by a high percentage of long symmetrical two-edged obsidian blades which were used unmodified and also served as blanks for a great variety of smaller microlithic tools.

Typical Elmenteitan artifact assemblages also include ceramic bowls and shallow stone vessels. Ceramic vessels are mainly undecorated. Several rare, but very distinctive ornamental designs such as irregular punctuation and rim millings have also been found. Occasionally small bowls with out-turned rims, handles with holes or horizontal lugs have been discovered as well.

Domestic cattle and small stock were raised and herded in combination with hunting, fishing and foraging. Patterns and degree of subsistence economy varied greatly depending on location and local and temporal climate. Regular cremation of the dead took place in caves (e.g. Egerton Cave, Keringet Caves). Njoro River Cave, first excavated in 1938 by Mary Leakey, served as a mass-burial site. Associated finds include beads, blades, stone bowls, palettes and pottery vessels.

## Physical anthropology

Instances of dental avulsion in some individuals from Elmenteitan burial sites has led to associations with the early spread of Southern Nilotic speaking groups into south-western Kenya. The exact direction from which they entered southern Kenya remains unclear. Recent genetic analysis of the ancient remains of Elmenteitan has proven that the population of the Savanna Pastoral Neolithic were also responsible for the pastoralist Elmenteitan culture that lived in the Rift Valley during the same period.

## Artifacts

## InfoBox

Elmenteitan
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Alternative names | Elmenteitan Culture |
| Geographical range | Kenya, Africa |
| Period | Neolithic |
| Dates | c.3300-1200 BP |
| Type site | Gamble's Cave |
| Major sites | Gamble's Cave, Ngamuriak, Gogo Falls, Njoro River Cave |
| Preceded by | Later Stone Age peoples |
| Followed by | Pastoral Iron Age peoples |


title: Ella Campbell

abstract: Dame Ella Orr Campbell was a New Zealand botanist. An expert on bryophytes, she published 130 scientific papers on liverworts, hornworts, orchids, and wetlands. She became the first woman faculty member of the Massey Agricultural College in 1945, and in 2003 the herbarium at Massey was renamed the Dame Ella Campbell Herbarium in her honour. Following her retirement from teaching in 1976, she continued to research and publish for another two decades, finally retiring in 2000 at the age of 90.

text:
# Ella Campbell

**Dame Ella Orr Campbell** DNZM (28 October 1910 – 24 July 2003) was a New Zealand botanist. An expert on bryophytes, she published 130 scientific papers on liverworts, hornworts, orchids, and wetlands. She became the first woman faculty member of the Massey Agricultural College (now Massey University) in 1945, and in 2003 the herbarium at Massey was renamed the Dame Ella Campbell Herbarium in her honour. Following her retirement from teaching in 1976, she continued to research and publish for another two decades, finally retiring in 2000 at the age of 90.

## Early life and education

Campbell was born in Dunedin to Orr Campbell, a building contractor, and Agnes (née Kinder) Campbell, the eldest of five children. Her mother had studied pharmacy at the University of Otago and her mother's sister Jane was one of the first women to attain a medical degree in New Zealand. Campbell attributed her interest in botany to walks that she had taken with her father as a child; she was also influenced by a family friend, botanist Helen Kirkland Dalrymple.

After graduating Otago Girls' High School, Campbell took a two-year course at Dunedin Teachers' Training College. At the same time, she enrolled at the University of Otago. She received her Diploma in Teaching in 1930. In 1931, she entered the department of botany at the University of Otago to study under John Ernest Holloway. She earned her master's degree in botany with first-class honours in 1934. Her thesis, "The embryo and stelar development of Histiopteris incisa", was published in *Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand* in 1936.

## Career

Upon graduation, Campbell taught at Waitaki Girls' High School in Oamaru for a year and then became an assistant botany lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington. In 1936 she returned to the University of Otago, now working alongside Holloway. She remained until 1944, when Holloway retired. She learned to speak German and delivered a lecture in that language at the Berlin Botanical Garden.

In March 1945 Campbell became the first woman faculty member of Massey Agricultural College (now Massey University). She lectured on plant morphology and anatomy and led research field trips to Himatangi Beach, Kapiti Island, and Tongariro National Park. Research projects included investigating mycorrhiza related to orchids and research on bryophytes, particularly the taxonomy and morphology of hornworts and of thalloid liverworts. She also conducted international field work, such as trips to the University of Cambridge, Singapore, India and Nepal; Australia; Malaysia; Japan; the United States; and Canada.

In 1976 the University of Otago awarded Campbell the degree Doctor of Science and she officially retired that year. However, she remained at the university in an honorary capacity and continued her research. Major publications during this period included work on the Metzgeriales and Marchantiales orders of liverwort, and several works on New Zealand hornworts that included an examination of details visible only under scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes.

In 1978 Campbell published her finding that the *Equisetum arvense* (field horsetail) growing on nursery land in Palmerston North was an invasive species, after years of others thinking that it was an ornamental plant. She also conducted research into the unique flora of peat bogs.

By her 80th birthday, Campbell had published many scientific papers on liverworts (37), orchids (14), wetlands (5), and other topics (10). She also wrote internationally acclaimed papers on the "mycorrhizal associations of New Zealand's achlorophyllous mycotrophic terrestrial orchids, Gastrodia cunninghamii, G. aff. sesamoides, G. minor, Molloybas cryptanthus and Danhatchia australis". She continued to research and publish as an honorary research associate for more than two decades, retiring in 2000 at age 90. On April 4, 2003, the herbarium that she had cultivated and helped expand at Massey was renamed the Dame Ella Campbell Herbarium at a ceremony which she attended.

## Other activities

She was a founding member of the Manawatu Orchid Society, and was a judge of the Orchid Council of New Zealand from 1978 until 2002. She was a member of the New Zealand Botanical Society and an Honorary Life Member of Soroptimists International, having been inaugural president of the Palmerston North chapter.

Campbell was a keen field hockey player from her university days. She played for the Dunedin Teachers' Training College team and captained both the New Zealand University team and the Otago Women's Hockey Team. She won three university blues, in 1931, 1933, and 1934. She helped start a women's hockey team in Palmerston North and coached the Massey University Women's Hockey Team. She was also a member of the New Zealand Women's Hockey Council.

## Honours and awards

Her most prominent awards included being appointed a Fellow of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (1976), receiving the Massey Medal from Massey University (1992), and her appointment as a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to science, in the 1997 New Year Honours. In 2017, Campbell was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

## Works

She co-authored the textbook *Agricultural Botany* (first published in 1954; second edition in 1960 and reprinted most recently in 1997).

## Personal

Campbell never married, nor had children. She was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1980 and underwent a mastectomy. In June 2001 she left her home in Palmerston North for a retirement home, where she died on 24 July 2003, aged 92. Her ashes are interred with those of her family at Andersons Bay Cemetery, Dunedin.

The standard author abbreviation E.O.Campb. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## InfoBox

| Dame Ella CampbellDNZM | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ella Orr Campbell
(1910-10-28)28 October 1910
Dunedin, New Zealand |
| Died | 24 July 2003(2003-07-24) (aged 92)
Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| Occupation(s) | Botanist, university lecturer |
| Parent(s) | Orr Campbell
Agnes Campbell (née Kinder) |


title: Oscar Natzka

abstract: Oscar Natzka was a New Zealand operatic singer.

text:
# Oscar Natzka

**Oscar Natzka** (15 June 1912 – 4 November 1951) was a New Zealand operatic singer.

## Early life

Born as **Franz Oscar Natzke** (as he was sometimes credited earlier in his career) at Wharepuhunga, North Island, New Zealand, he was the son of August Natzke (a native of Brixen, a German-speaking part of Italy), who had emigrated to New Zealand and settled in Ōtorohanga, and Emma Carter Natzke, of Christchurch, New Zealand, who was a singer.

As a boy, the young Natzke worked on his father's farm; he was encouraged and trained as a singer by his mother. The family was displaced by the recession of the 1920s to Waiheke Island, where Oscar sang as a boy soprano in concerts. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a blacksmith at Freemans Bay, Auckland, where he worked for 3½ years; he later worked for a phosphate company.

## Career

When his voice broke, he was encouraged to study overseas. He became a basso profondo and soon became well-known. He was aided early in his career by Homer Samuels, husband of Amelita Galli-Curci; John Brownlee, the Australian baritone; and Anderson Tyrer, conductor of the New Zealand National Orchestra. Around this time he changed his name to **Oscar Natzka**.

In 1935 he went to London, England to study under Albert Garcia, grandson of Manuel Garcia Jr. and former pupil of his great-aunt Pauline Viardot. In 1938, after being discovered by opera director Vladimir Rosing, he made his debut with The Royal Opera, Covent Garden, and went on to enjoy a career on the operatic circuit. He appeared in the musical revue *Meet the Navy* during the 1940s and its 1946 film adaptation.

## Personal life

He married Winifred Jean Clements, from Auckland, in 1941.

Natzka died on 4 November 1951 in New York City, aged 39, after collapsing on stage on 23 October 1951 during a performance of *Die Meistersinger* at the New York City Opera.

His widow, Winifred, later married the Oscar-winning American actor, Charles Coburn.


title: Elisabet Reinsalu

abstract: Elisabet Reinsalu is an Estonian stage, television, voice, and film actress.

text:
# Elisabet Reinsalu

**Elisabet Reinsalu** (until 2012, **Elisabet Tamm**; born 21 April 1976) is an Estonian stage, television, voice, and film actress.

## Early life and education

Elisabet Reinsalu was born Elisabet Tamm in Tallinn to Tõnu Tamm and Mari Lill, both actors. She has an older sister named Katariina. Her maternal uncle is glass artist Ivo Lill.

Tamm graduated from secondary school in 1994 from Tallinn Õismäe Humanitarian Gymnasium. She spent three years studying advertising and media at Tallinn Pedagogical University (now, Tallinn University) before entering the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre's Drama School, graduating in 2002. Among her graduating classmates were Priit Võigemast, Ott Aardam, Hele Kõrve, Karin Rask, Mart Toome, Evelin Võigemast, Maria Soomets, and Argo Aadli.

## Stage career

Following graduation, Elisabet Tamm joined the Tallinn City Theatre in 2002; where she is still presently engaged. She made her stage debut while still a student in the role of Edith in a 2000 production of Mark Twain's 1881 novel *The Prince and the Pauper*. Her stage debut as an actress engaged at the theatre was in the role of Catherine in a 2002 production of David Auburn's 2000 play *Proof*. Other notable stage appearances include roles in productions by authors and playwrights such as: Alexandre Dumas, Jaan Tätte, A. H. Tammsaare, William Butler Yeats, Luigi Pirandello, Carlo Gozzi, Jón Atli Jónasson, and J. B. Priestley.

## Film career

Tamm made her film debut at age 15 in 1991 as Rita in the Roman Baskin directed drama *Rahu tänav* for Tallinnfilm, starring Mikk Mikiver and Jüri Järvet. Following this role, she returned to her studies and didn't appear in another film until receiving a small roll in the 2002 Elmo Nüganen directed historical drama *Nimed marmortahvlil*, adapted from the 1936 Albert Kivikas novel of the same name about the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence. In 2006, she played the role of Ottilie in the Roman Baskin directed *Vana daami visiit*; based on 1956 tragicomic play *The Visit* by Swiss dramatist Friedrich Dürrenmatt, and starring Ita Ever and Aarne Üksküla.

Other small film roles include, the Marko Raat directed *Agent Sinikael* in 2002; the Mart Arjukese directed film short *Viimane öö* in 2003; as a voice actress in the Hardi Volmer directed animated film short *Barbarid* in 2003; in the 2005 Leeni Linna directed dramatic short film *Personal Space*; and the Sander Allikmäe directed dramatic short film *Kastis* in 2012.

In addition to film roles, she has also had a career as a voice actress; often dubbing foreign animated film characters into Estonian. She has voiced the characters Colette Tatou in Pixar's 2007 American animated comedy film *Ratatouille*; Vanellope von Schweetz in the American animated fantasy-comedy film *Wreck-It Ralph*, produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios; and Maggie in the 2013 animated fantasy-comedy film *The House of Magic*, among others.

## Television career

Tamm's first prominent television role as an actress was as Rita Leidpalu in the 2006–2007 ETV crime drama serial *Ohtlik lend*. In 2008, she appeared in the role of Helmi Reiman in the ETV twelve-part television historical mini-series *Tuulepealne maa*, which focused on the pre-World War II history of Estonia, its birth as a country, the Estonian War of Independence, post-war life throughout 1920 up to 1941 and World War II.

Since 2010, she has appeared as Mari Murakas in the popular Kanal 2 drama series *Pilvede all*. In 2013, she played a central character named Vivian in the TV3 drama series *Kartulid ja apelsinid*.

## Personal life

In 2012, Elisabet Tamm married Ardo Reinsalu. The couple had been in a long-term relationship and have two children; a daughter, born in 2004; and a son, born in 2008. Since 2012, she has used her married surname Reinsalu.

## InfoBox

| Elisabet Reinsalu | |
| --- | --- |
| Elisabet Reinsalu in costume, performing onstage. | |
| Born | Elisabet Tamm
(1976-04-21) 21 April 1976
Tallinn, Estonia |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Spouse | Ardo Reinsalu |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent(s) | Mari Lill
Tõnu Tamm |
| Relatives | Ivo Lill (maternal uncle) |


title: Ellac

abstract: Ellac was the oldest son of Attila (434–453) and Kreka. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his empire crumbled, and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He ruled briefly and died at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. Ellac was succeeded by his brothers, Dengizich and Ernak.

text:
# Ellac

**Ellac** (died in 454 AD) was the oldest son of Attila (434–453) and Kreka. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his empire crumbled, and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He ruled briefly and died at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. Ellac was succeeded by his brothers, Dengizich and Ernak.

## Etymology

Several scholars derive Ellac from a word akin to Old Turkic *älik* / *ilik* / *ilig* ("prince, ruler, king), which derives from *\*el* (realm) + *lä-g* (to rule, the rule). The name thus appears to be a title rather than a personal name.

## History

In 448 or 449 AD, as Priscus recounts "Onegesius along with the eldest of Attila's children, had been sent to the Akateri, a Scythian \[Hunnic\] people, whom he was bringing into an alliance with Attila". As the Akatziroi tribes and clans were ruled by different leaders, emperor Theodosius II tried with gifts to spread animosity among them, but the gifts were not delivered according to rank, Kouridachos, warned and called Attila against fellow leaders. So Attila did, Kardach stayed with his tribe or clan in their own territory, while the rest of the Akatziroi became subjected to Attila. Attila "desired to make his eldest son their king, and so sent Onegesios to do it". Onegesios returned with Ellac, who "had taken a spill and broken his right hand". Beside becoming king of the Akatziri, Ellac also governed "the other nations who dwell in Pontic Scythia".

Priscus also mentions the number of sons "Onegesios was seated on a chair to the right of the king's couch, and opposite Onegesios two \[Dengizich and Ernak\] of Attila's children were sitting on a chair. The eldest \[Ellac\] was seated on Attila's couch, not near him but at the edge, looking at the ground out of respect for his father".

After the rites of Attila's death in 453, according to Jordanes in *Getica*, the sons Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak (but possibly existed also other sons who pretended the throne):

> "since young minds are usually excited by the chance to snatch power, the heirs of Attila began contesting the kingship. All desiring to rule autonomously, they all destroyed the empire simultaneously. Thus an abundance of heirs often burdens kingdoms more than a lack of them. Attila's sons ... demanded that the subject nations be divided among them by equal lot in order that, as with household property, warlike kings and their people might be distributed by lot".

A coalition of Germanic tribes, led by Ardaric, king of the Gepids, revolted against such slavery treatment, and "so they were armed for mutual destruction. War was waged in Pannonia, next to a river called Nedao. Various nations Attila had held in his sway came into combat there ... Goths, Gepids, Rugii, Suavi, Huns, Alans and Heruli". By "slavery" status is considered the pay of tributes and military service. There were many "grim clashes", but unexpected victory fell to the Gepids. Ardaric and his allies annihilated nearly 30,000 Huns and their allies. In the battle Attila's oldest son, Ellac, died. According to Priscus:

> "\[His\] father was said to have loved so much beyond his other children that he placed him first among all the various children in the kingdom. His fortune, however, was not in harmony with his father's desire. For it is undisputed that, after slaughtering many enemies, he was killed so heroically that his father, if he had outlived him, would have wished to die so gloriously".

Jordanes recounts:

> "When Ellac was slain, his remaining brothers were put to fight near the shore of the Sea of Pontus where we have said the Goths settled. And so yielded the Huns to whom the whole world was once thought to yield: their disintegration was so calamitous that a nation which, with their forces united, used to terrify, when divided, tumbled down ... Many nations, by sending embassies, came to Roman lands and were welcomed by the emperor Marcian ... Now when the Goths saw the Gepids defending for themselves the territory of the Huns, and the people of the Huns dwelling again in their ancient abodes, they preferred to ask for lands from the Roman Empire, rather than invade the lands of others with dangers to themselves. So they received Pannonia".

After the battle Attila's largely Germanic subject tribes started to reassert their independence. However, it was not sudden, and not all freed themselves. The Huns "turned in flight and sought the parts of Scythia which border on the stream of the river Danaber, which the Huns call in their own tongue Var". Hernak "chose a home in the most distant part of Scythia Minor". Not all Huns immediately left the Pannonian Basin, yet only Middle Danube. Some Huns remained in Dacia Ripensis i.e. Lower Danube, Moesia and Thrace.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Ellac | |
| --- | --- |
| Eldest son of Attila from Mór Than's *The Feast of Attila* (1870) | |
| King of the Huns (co-rulership) | |
| Reign | 453–454 |
| Predecessor | Attila |
| Successor | Dengizich and Ernak |
| Ruler of Pontic Scythia | |
| Reign | 448–454 |
| King of the Akatziri | |
| Reign | 448–454 |
| Predecessor | Karadach |
|  | |
| Born | 5th century
Pannonia |
| Died | 454
Nedao, Pannonia |
| Dynasty | Attilid |
| Father | Attila |
| Mother | Kreka |


title: Oscar Jones

abstract: Oscar Lafayette Jones, nicknamed "Flip Flop", was an American professional baseball pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1903 to 1905 for the Brooklyn Superbas.

text:
# Oscar Jones

**Oscar Lafayette Jones** (October 22, 1879 – June 16, 1953), nicknamed "**Flip Flop**", was an American professional baseball pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1903 to 1905 for the Brooklyn Superbas.

## InfoBox

| Oscar Jones | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1879-10-22)October 22, 1879
Carter County, Missouri, U.S. | |
| **Died:** June 16, 1953(1953-06-16) (aged 76)
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 20, 1903, for the Brooklyn Superbas | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 24, 1905, for the Brooklyn Superbas | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 44–54 |
| Earned run average | 3.20 |
| Strikeouts | 257 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Ellaville, Georgia

abstract: Ellaville is a city in Schley County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,812 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Schley County. Ellaville is part of the Americus micropolitan statistical area.

text:
# Ellaville, Georgia

**Ellaville** is a city in Schley County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,812 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Schley County.

Ellaville is part of the Americus micropolitan statistical area.

## History

A town named Pond Town was established in 1812 along the stage coach in the area that is now the location of the Ellaville City Cemetery. The area was then part of the lands belonging to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. In 1821, after the Treaty of Indian Springs the area became part of the state of Georgia. In 1826, it served as temporary county seat for Lee County upon the creation of the then vast county. Pond Town soon became a lively town noted for horse racing and whiskey. In 1831, the area became part of Sumter County.

Ellaville was founded in 1857 as county seat of the newly formed Schley County. It was incorporated as a town in 1859. The community was named after the daughter of a first settler.

### Lynchings

* The hanging of Charles Blackman occurred in Ellaville, Georgia, on January 25, 1889
* In January 1911 a white man died in a Black owned store. He was taken for his own safety to Columbus for three months but when he returned three months later a mob 200 strong lynched Dawson Jordan, Charles Pickett, and Murray Burton as well as burning down three black lodges, a church and a school.
* October 1912, a prisoner seized from the Sumter County sheriff near Oglethorpe was hung from a bridge and shot dead
* June 1913, twenty-four-year-old Will Redding was dragged from the Ellaville's city jail strung up on a street corner and riddled with bullets.
* Will Jones was lynched in Ellaville, Georgia by a white mob on February 13, 1922.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 182 |  |  |
| 1900 | 474 |  |  |
| 1910 | 672 |  | 41.8% |
| 1920 | 693 |  | 3.1% |
| 1930 | 764 |  | 10.2% |
| 1940 | 928 |  | 21.5% |
| 1950 | 886 |  | −4.5% |
| 1960 | 905 |  | 2.1% |
| 1970 | 1,391 |  | 53.7% |
| 1980 | 1,684 |  | 21.1% |
| 1990 | 1,724 |  | 2.4% |
| 2000 | 1,609 |  | −6.7% |
| 2010 | 1,812 |  | 12.6% |
| 2020 | 1,595 |  | −12.0% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Ellaville racial composition as of 2020
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 951 | 59.62% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 507 | 31.79% |
| Native American | 1 | 0.06% |
| Asian | 7 | 0.44% |
| Pacific Islander | 2 | 0.13% |
| Other/Mixed | 51 | 3.2% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 76 | 4.76% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,595 people, 610 households, and 438 families residing in the city.

## Education

### Schley County School District

The Schley County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of one elementary school and one middle-high school. The district has 66 full-time teachers and over 1,126 students.

## Infrastructure

Ellaville is served by U.S. Route 19, Georgia State Route 26 and Georgia State Route 153.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Ellaville, Georgia | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Main Street in Ellaville | |
| Location in Schley County and the state of Georgia | |
| Coordinates: 32°14′20″N 84°18′34″W / 32.23889°N 84.30944°W / 32.23889; -84.30944 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| County | Schley |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.18 sq mi (8.22 km2) |
| Land | 3.16 sq mi (8.19 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.04 km2) |
| Elevation | 571 ft (174 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,595 |
| Density | 504.75/sq mi (194.86/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 31806 |
| Area code | 229 |
| FIPS code | 13-26980 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0355674 |
| Website | www.ellavillega.org |


title: Ellard A. Walsh

abstract: Major General Ellard A. Walsh was a U.S. Army National Guard officer who is recognized as the "father" of the modern National Guard. He also commanded the 34th Infantry Division during the run up to World War II.

text:
# Ellard A. Walsh

Major General **Ellard A. Walsh** (October 3, 1887 – August 1, 1975) was a U.S. Army National Guard officer who is recognized as the "father" of the modern National Guard. He also commanded the 34th Infantry Division during the run up to World War II.

## Early life

Walsh was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on October 3, 1887, the oldest child of Edward J. Walsh and Mary Anne (Roach) Walsh. His parents relocated to Minnesota in 1891, and Walsh was educated in the public schools of Minneapolis. He was a 1907 graduate of North High School, and attended the University of Minnesota. Walsh worked at a variety of occupations before becoming a full time member of the Minnesota National Guard as assistant adjutant general after World War I, including farm laborer and auditor.

## Start of military career

Walsh enlisted in the 1st Infantry Regiment, Minnesota National Guard on November 7, 1905. The 1st Infantry was mustered into federal service on June 30, 1916, for duty at Camp Llano Grande, near Mercedes, Texas, on the Mexico–United States border.

## World War I

The 1st Infantry was called into federal service on March 25, 1917, and mustered out beginning on March 26, 1917, in preparation of service overseas. During that period, Walsh had been promoted to first sergeant.

On October 1, 1917, the 1st Infantry was re-designated as the 135th Infantry Regiment, 34th Division, and Walsh was commissioned as a second lieutenant. The 34th arrived in France just prior to the armistice and saw no action as a unit; however, elements of the division were used as replacements for other divisions. The 34th Division was demobilized on February 18, 1919.

## Between the world wars

Walsh's unit was reorganized as the 1st Infantry Regiment, Minnesota National Guard on January 31, 1920. Walsh possessed administrative and people skills that enabled him to rise quickly through the ranks. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel and named the Assistant Adjutant General of Minnesota in 1921. Walsh was promoted to brigadier general on July 1, 1927, and he was appointed Adjutant General of Minnesota.

Walsh served as president of the National Guard Association of the United States (NGAUS), from 1928 to 1930.

In 1929, Walsh was tasked to locate a new training facility site for the Guard, and selected a 12,000 acre area near Little Falls, Minnesota. At that location, Camp Ripley was constructed in 1930.

On May 16, 1934, the truck driver's union initiated a strike (Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934), which quickly degenerated into open violence in the streets of Minneapolis. Minnesota Governor Floyd B. Olson activated the National Guard, and Walsh commanded 4,000 Guardsmen in the suppression of the chaos. Utilizing roving patrols, curfews, and security details, Walsh quickly restored order, thus enabling negotiated settlement of the labor dispute.

Walsh put the strike experience to good use five years later when a tornado struck Anoka, Minnesota on June 18, 1939. Governor Harold E. Stassen called in the National Guard, and Adjutant General Walsh commanded 300 Guardsmen who patrolled the streets and imposed a quasi-martial law while the community was stabilized.

## Prelude to World War II

The expanding war in Europe threatened to draw a reluctant United States into the conflict. As the potential of U.S. involvement became more evident, the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration still hoped to avoid war, while military leaders needed to prepare to fight.

A review of existing legislation, including the National Defense Act of 1916 and its amendments, indicated that new legislation was needed to ensure effective integration of the National Guard into the regular Army, draft and selective service regulations, and related matters.

While legislative review was in motion, initial steps were taken to prepare troops for what lay ahead through "precautionary training." The 34th Infantry Division was deemed one of the most service-ready units, and Walsh was promoted to major general in June, 1940, and placed in command.

The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 was signed into law September 16, and the first conscription in U.S. history during peacetime commenced.

The 34th was subsequently activated on February 10, 1941, with troops from North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa. The division was transported by rail and truck convoys to the newly constructed Camp Claiborne in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, near Alexandria.

The soldiers started rigorous training including maneuvers in Alexandria starting April 7, 1941. The climate during the summer was especially harsh. The division then participated in what became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers. By then, the division was becoming a well-disciplined, high spirited, and well prepared unit.

In the early phase of the maneuvers, Walsh, who suffered from chronic ulcers, became too ill to continue in command, and was replaced by Major General Russell P. Hartle on August 5, 1941.

## Post active military service

Walsh remained the Minnesota Adjutant General until his retirement from the military in 1949 at age 62.

In 1943, while the National Guard was fully engaged in the war effort, Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, commanding general, Army Ground Forces and other leaders of the regular Army met to develop plans that would determine the role of the National Guard after the war. The initial plan was developed without any input from Guard leadership. Walsh became aware of this activity, rallied political and public support for the Guard, and even used his personal funds to ensure the Guard would play a continued and key role in the military readiness of the country.

Walsh was appointed to a second term as president of the NGAUS, this time from 1943 to 1957. During that period, he established a national NGAUS office in Washington, D.C., and the organization's national magazine, both of which continue to this day.

Walsh was a charter member of American Legion Post 339 in Minneapolis, and was awarded the Legion's Distinguished Service Medal in 1955.

Walsh died August 1, 1975, in Stillwater, Minnesota, and was buried in Green Prairie Cemetery, Little Falls, Minnesota.

## Legacy

In recognition of Walsh's half century of distinguished military service and numerous contributions to the Guard, a wing of the National Guard Memorial in Washington, D.C., was named the Walsh-Reckord Hall of States. It is fitting that the Hall of States was co-named for Walsh and Major General Milton Reckord, as Reckord was a decorated veteran of both World War I and World War II, and long serving Adjutant General for Maryland, as well as president of the NGAUS as well, and Walsh and Reckord worked together on important issues that greatly promoted the Guard.

## InfoBox

| Ellard A. Walsh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname(s) | Mr. National Guard |
| Born | (1887-10-03)October 3, 1887
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | August 1, 1975(1975-08-01) (aged 87)
Stillwater, Minnesota, US |
| Place of burial | Green Prairie Cemetery, Little Falls, Minnesota |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1905-1949 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | 34th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | World War I
World War II |


title: Oscar Byström (actor)

abstract:
Oscar Byström was a Swedish actor. Byström debuted in 1884 at the Royal Dramatic Theatre. During 1885–1886, when he was involved in the theater company of Oscar Sternvall-Skottes. Byström was employed at the Royal Dramatic Theatre from 1890 to 1893. From 1907, he was as deputy director at the Vasateatern.
His career in film started with a small role in Gösta Berlings saga (1924). He was married in 1896 to actress Constance Ericsson-Behrens (1868-1952).

text:
# Oscar Byström (actor)

**Oscar Byström** (31 December 1857  4 June 1938) was a Swedish actor.

Byström debuted in 1884 at the Royal Dramatic Theatre. During 1885–1886, when he was involved in the theater company of Oscar Sternvall-Skottes . Byström was employed at the Royal Dramatic Theatre from 1890 to 1893. From 1907, he was as deputy director at the Vasateatern. His career in film started with a small role in *Gösta Berlings saga* (1924). He was married in 1896 to actress Constance Ericsson-Behrens (1868-1952).

## Filmography


title: Elmer Lucille Allen

abstract: Elmer Lucille Allen is a ceramic artist and chemist who graduated from Nazareth College in 1953. Both her father and brother were named Elmer and the family chose to name her Elmer Lucille. She became the first African-American chemist at Brown-Forman in 1966.

text:
# Elmer Lucille Allen

**Elmer Lucille Allen** (born in Louisville, Kentucky, August 23, 1931) is a ceramic artist and chemist who graduated from Nazareth College (now Spalding University) in 1953. Both her father and brother were named Elmer and the family chose to name her Elmer Lucille. She became the first African-American chemist at Brown-Forman in 1966.

## Early life

Allen was born in the Depression era in Louisville, Kentucky, at a time when it was still a segregated city. In an interview she stated that she "never went to school with whites" until she was a junior in college. She took her first art class, a sewing class, in seventh grade at Madison Street Junior High School. She stated in an interview that the first artist she identified with was her teacher, Ms. Hattie Figg, who taught painting at the junior high. She learned many functional crafts in junior high, such as shoe repair, printing, sewing, and carpentry. She also learned various crafts at the Plymouth Settlement House and Presbyterian Community Center. She was also a Girl Scout, and this activity fostered her interest in art. She graduated from Central High School in 1949, at a time when African-American women had very few opportunities available to them. She attended Louisville Municipal College, a co-ed, all Black school (part of University of Louisville) from 1949 to 1951 and then switched to Nazareth College where she was one of only a few Black students. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Nazareth College in 1953.

Elmer Lucille Allen became involved in the Louisville arts scene in 1980s. She helped form the Kentucky Coalition of African American Arts and was a founding member of the Arts Council of Louisville.

## Later career

Allen retired from Brown-Forman in 1997, after which she devoted more time to her art. Starting in 1981 she began to study art at the University of Louisville, receiving her Masters of Creative Arts with a focus in ceramics and fiber in 2002. Allen's textile work incorporates shibori dyeing techniques.

Speaking of her ceramics, Allen states, "I make the things that I want, and I have always liked teapots." She enjoys the fact that if she made something she did not like, she could simply start over again. Her platters are typically dark and molten, while her teapots are colorful and graphic. She states, "When I rented my first studio in 2005 at Mellwood, I knew that I was truly an artist."

In 2004, she became the first recipient of the Kentucky Arts Council Governor's Award in the Arts for Community Arts.

In 2019, the Imagine 2020 Mural Festival commissioned artist Brandon Marshall to create a mural celebrating the life Elmer Lucille Allen.

### Exhibits

* 2010 -- "Absence and Presence: The Art of Elmer Lucille Allen and Valerie White" at E&S Gallery.
* 2011 -- *Powering Creativity: Air, Fuel, Heat* at the Carnegie Center for Art and History in New Albany, Indiana.
* 2016 -- *Women's Artist Exhibition: The African Heritage Experience* at the Kentucky Center for African American Heritage.
* 2020 -- "African-American Women: Celebrating Diversity in Art" at KORE Gallery, Louisville, Kentucky.
* 2023 -- "Remembrance," an exhibition honoring Lida Gordon by Bette Levy, Elmer Lucille Allen, Denise Furnish, and Melinda Snyder at PYRO, Louisville, Ky.

## Awards


title: Ellery's Arcade

abstract: Ellery's Arcade on Stirling Terrace, Toodyay, Western Australia comprises six shops, which were built at various times. The first three shops were constructed over the period 1882 to 1891 by Jane Donegan; one of them she ran as a boarding house named "Mount View". After Donegan's death in 1901, Charles Ellery purchased the shops and by 1907 had filled in the gaps with another three shops. The group at that time became known as Ellery's Buildings. The row of six shops is of rendered brick construction with an iron roof. The parapet has been divided by pilasters adorned with urn finials. The bullnose verandah canopy is supported on turned timber columns. The shops all have different style frontages. The butcher's shop has always been so, but the other shops have had a variety of businesses: saddlers, café, pharmacy, tailors, printers and grocers. The next building to the west along Stirling Terrace is Urwin's Store.

text:
# Ellery's Arcade

**Ellery's Arcade** on Stirling Terrace, Toodyay, Western Australia comprises six shops, which were built at various times.

The first three shops were constructed over the period 1882 to 1891 by Jane Donegan; one of them she ran as a boarding house named "Mount View". After Donegan's death in 1901, Charles Ellery purchased the shops and by 1907 had filled in the gaps with another three shops. The group at that time became known as Ellery's Buildings.

The row of six shops is of rendered brick construction with an iron roof. The parapet has been divided by pilasters adorned with urn finials. The bullnose verandah canopy is supported on turned timber columns. The shops all have different style frontages. The butcher's shop has always been so, but the other shops have had a variety of businesses: saddlers, café, pharmacy, tailors, printers and grocers.

The next building to the west along Stirling Terrace is Urwin's Store.

## InfoBox

| Ellery's Arcade | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former names | Ellery's Buildings |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Victorian Classical |
| Address | 121 Stirling Terrace |
| Town or city | Toodyay |
| Coordinates | 31°33′01″S 116°27′59″E / 31.5503°S 116.4664°E / -31.5503; 116.4664 |
| Construction started | 1882 |
| Completed | 1907 |
| References | |
| Toodyay municipal inventory | |