title: No. 25 Squadron RNZAF

abstract: No. 25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force was formed at Seagrove, Auckland in July 1943 with Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers and served in the Southern Pacific based at the Piva Airstrip on Bougainville, flying missions against Japanese forces on Bougainville and at Rabaul. It was disbanded in May 1944 and reformed as a fighter/ground attack squadron flying F4U Corsairs. It served in Santo, Guadalcanal, Los Negros and Emirau, before returning to New Zealand and being disbanded in September 1945. A SBD-4 Dauntless operated by 25 Squadron was for a time preserved in the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum at Wigram, displayed in the condition which it was recovered after being lost with its crew while on a training mission at Espiritu Santo. One of the SBD-5 aircraft operated by 25 Squadron has been restored to flying condition in America for the "Planes of Fame" museum, in the colour scheme of an American aircraft.

text:
# No. 25 Squadron RNZAF

**No. 25 Squadron** of the Royal New Zealand Air Force was formed at Seagrove, Auckland in July 1943 with Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers and served in the Southern Pacific based at the Piva Airstrip on Bougainville, flying missions against Japanese forces on Bougainville and at Rabaul. It was disbanded in May 1944 and reformed as a fighter/ground attack squadron flying F4U Corsairs. It served in Santo, Guadalcanal, Los Negros and Emirau, before returning to New Zealand and being disbanded in September 1945. A SBD-4 Dauntless operated by 25 Squadron was for a time preserved in the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum at Wigram, displayed in the condition which it was recovered after being lost with its crew while on a training mission at Espiritu Santo. One of the SBD-5 aircraft operated by 25 Squadron has been restored to flying condition in America for the "Planes of Fame" museum, in the colour scheme of an American aircraft.

## Formation

No. 25 Squadron was formed at Seagrove Aerodrome, near Auckland, in July 1943 under the command of Squadron Leader Theodore Jasper Maclean de Lange. Its initial complement of aircraft was nine Douglas Dauntless SBD-3 dive bombers from United States Marine Aircraft Group 14, which had been stationed at Seagrove.

For the next few months the crews trained while the maintenance personnel struggled to keep the aircraft flying, requesting and receiving several more SBD-3 (and later SBD-4) machines from the Americans to maintain operational numbers. The aeroplanes were operated in their original USMC markings with squadron numbers painted on, until being "brought on charge" in November 1943. On completion of initial training, the squadron celebrated by flying eighteen aeroplanes over Auckland just before luncheon on 6 January 1944, to the great interest of the civilian population.

## Espiritu Santo

On 30 January 1944 squadron personnel were flown by Lodestar and C-47 aircraft of 40 Squadron to Espiritu Santo for further training with American units. A further supply of eighteen SBD-4 aircraft were awaiting them, but these were almost as decrepit as the machines they had left behind in New Zealand. Nevertheless, the squadron was able to complete training in gunnery, dive-bombing and formation flying. It was during this training period that NZ5037 went missing with both crew members while on a practice Beam Approach. Despite extensive searches no trace of the 'plane or its crew was found. NZ5037 remained lost in the jungle until 1987 when it was located and returned to New Zealand by 3 Squadron.

The squadron received eighteen new SBD-5 aircraft in February 1944. The intention was to deploy the squadron immediately at Piva Airfield on the island of Bougainville, but due to the tenuous state of the Allied beachhead on the island, deployment was delayed until the risk of shelling on the Piva Airfield had reduced.

## Bougainville

25 Squadron flew in its SBD-5s to Guadalcanal on 22 March, escorted by four Venturas and one C-47 from 40 Squadron. A Catalina from 6 Squadron stood by at Halavo Seaplane Base in the Florida Islands as a safety aircraft. At Guadalcanal NZ5055, piloted by F/O Bruce Graham, swerved on landing at Henderson Field and collided with an oil-drum, the plane was written off. From Henderson Field the squadron flew to Piva Airfield on 23 January. While in transit, the gunner in NZ5063 inadvertently fired his stowed machine-guns and caused considerable damage to the fuselage. The guns were not supposed to be able to be fired while pointed at any part of the aircraft. Upon landing at Piva, the New Zealanders found themselves on a narrow beachhead, with Japanese forces shelling and attacking the perimeter.

The first mission flown from Piva was an artillery-spotting exercise undertaken by MacLean de Lange and his gunner at 06:15 on 24 March. Over the course of the day, the squadron flew three more sorties against the Japanese. So close were the enemy, that during one of these raids, ground crew on the airstrip were able to watch the pilots drop their bombs.

## Tour summary

25 Squadron flew missions from Piva for approximately eight weeks. During this time they flew almost daily missions against Japanese forces on Bougainville and New Britain. Many of the missions were against airfields near the Japanese stronghold of Rabaul.

In addition, dozens of artillery pieces were destroyed and considerable damage caused to airfields and other military property.

NZ5055 crashed and was written off at Henderson Field on Guadalcanal on 22 March. NZ5054 and NZ5059 crashed and burned on landing at Piva on 2 April after a strike when their "hung-up" bombs jolted loose and exploded. NZ5058 was written off due to damage received over Rabaul on 17 April.

## Crew losses

### NZ211

Stalled while low flying near Waiuku, New Zealand on 13 September 1943 and crashed and burned with the loss of PLTOFF William McJannet and SGT Douglas Cairns.

### NZ5037

NZ5037 with its crew of FGOFF Alexander Moore and FSGT John Munro went missing on 11 February at Espiritu Santo on a radio range familiarisation flight. The aircraft went missing in the cloud covered hills around the area and despite extensive searches the wreckage was not found until 1987.

### "176"

On 4 April a flight of three SBDs flying to Piva from Henderson Field became lost and one aircraft, a replacement coded "176" piloted by FGOFF Leslie McLellan-Symonds separated from the flight and disappeared. Radio transmissions received later that evening suggested that he was planning to ditch near the Tanga Islands. It has never been established how or where his flight ended, although the most likely scenario is that he ditched or bailed out near the Tanga Islands. McLellan-Symonds was later captured and shot in the left thigh by the Japanese and transported to Rabaul, where he was interned at Tunnel Hill Road. McLellan-Symonds' last days were described by one of his fellow prisoners, Jose Holguin, in his testimonial written in 1948, reproduced in part below.

"A prisoner of war known to me only as Simmons arrived at Tunnel Hill Prisoner of War Camp in April 1944. He was suffering from a leg wound on his left thigh. I and other prisoners of war provided Simmons with first aid treatment by tearing our shirts into bandages. However, because of the lack of medical attention shown Simmons by the camp authorities, who did nothing to improve his condition, he became delirious and did not know his whereabouts or condition. This was after our removal from the Tunnel Hill prisoner of war camp cave on or about 15 March 1944, to a prison shack which we occupied after our removal from and near to the Tunnel Hill prisoner of war camp cave. Simmons would crawl towards the locked door and say, "Hurry, we will be late, the car is waiting and everything is all set". We would carry him back to his spot on the floor whenever he would escape our attention. After repeated requests were made by myself and the other prisoners of war, Chief Medical Orderly Oyamada came to the prison shack and after looking at Simmons, said that Simmons needed a blood transfusion and an operation to remove a bullet which was embedded in his thigh, but that it would be impossible to give such aid to Simmons without orders from Doctor Fusitita or Colonel Kikuchi. Simmons died on 28 May 1944 and to the best of my knowledge, the cause of his death was attributed to a lack of proper medical attention or treatment which he should have received and which developed into blood poisoning, thereby resulting in his death. I believe that Simmons was a member of the New Zealand Air Force, and had been shot down by the Japanese on or about 20 April 1944. in the vicinity of Bougainville, Solomon Islands."

### NZ5050

On 17 April the squadron supplied twelve SBDs to take part in a strike of 86 aircraft against the Japanese airfield at Lakunai, near Rabaul. NZ5050 was last seen over the target and is presumed to have been hit by AAA and crashed into a ravine with the loss of PLTOFF Geoffrey Cray and FSGT Frank Bell. All SBD-5s operated by 25 Squadron were painted in the USN "three-colour scheme" of sea-blue upper surfaces, intermediate blue sides and white undersurfaces.

### NZ5051

On 10 May a force of 34 aircraft including twelve 25 Squadron SBDs attacked Lakunai and nearby gun positions. NZ5051, crewed by FLTLT Jack Edwards and W/O Lou Hoppe, released its bombs but was hit by AAA as it pulled up over the runway. The SBD crashed into Greet (Matupi) Harbour with the loss of both crew.

## End of tour

25 Squadron's tour ended on 20 May. At 0700 the seventeen SBDs took off from Piva and landed at Renard Field in the Russell Islands where the aircraft were returned to American ownership, reportedly in "as new" condition. The squadron personnel were flown to RNZAF Base Whenuapai the following day.

25 Squadron was disbanded and reformed, with a new commanding officer, as a fighter-bomber squadron equipped with F4U Corsairs (F4U-1s and F4U-1Ds). Several pilots transferred to the new squadron, including Graham Howie who was killed on take-off when his engine failed and he crashed into the jungle on 13 June 1945.

## Fate of aircraft

* SBD-4s operated at Espiritu Santo returned to USMC in February 1944.
* SBD-5s operated from Piva were handed back to USMC in May 1944. One of these is now flown by "Planes of Fame" museum; the only surviving RNZAF \*SBD apart from the wrecks of NZ5037, and NZ5021, whose whereabouts is unknown.
* SBD-3 and SBD-4s operated in New Zealand were initially stored at Hobsonville, then sold in the late 1940s as scrap.

## InfoBox

| No. 25 Squadron RNZAF | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Active | July 1943 – September 1945 |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Branch | Royal New Zealand Air Force |
| Role | Dive bomber (1943–1944)
Fighter (1944–1945) |
| Motto(s) | Tohe Tonu (Constant Endeavour) |
| Colors | black and white |
| Anniversaries | 31 July 1943 |
| Equipment | SBD Dauntless
F4U Corsair |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge | A caspian tern diving into the sea in search of prey |


title: No. 25 Sector RAF

abstract: No. 25 Sector RAF is a former Royal Air Force Sector that was operational during both the First and the Second World Wars.

text:
# No. 25 Sector RAF

**No. 25 Sector RAF** is a former Royal Air Force Sector that was operational during both the First and the Second World Wars.

## First World War

**25th (Training) Wing RFC** was formed on 18 September 1916 at Castle Bromwich Aerodrome, it joined Southern Group Command on 10 January 1917. The wing controlled Castle Bromwich, Lilbourne Aerodrome & Tern Hill Aerodrome and was transferred to Western Group Command on 26 September 1917 then on 1 April 1918 it was transferred 13th Group RAF and disbanded on 1 July 1918.

## Second World War

**No. 25 (Base) Defence Wing RAF** was formed on 1 March 1944 within No. 11 Group RAF at RAF Castle Camps it controlled:

It moved to RAF Hornchurch during April 1944, then to RAF Martlesham Heath on 2 May 1944. It was disbanded on 12 May 1944.

**No. 25 (Base Defence) Sector RAF** was formed on 12 May 1944 at RAF Hornchurch controlling No. 150 Wing RAF. The sector landed on Utah Beach on 28 August 1944, moving to Vannes then Everburg before disbanding on 16 March 1945 and becoming No. 85 Group Operation Room.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Sturtivant, R.; Hamlin, J.; Halley, J. (1997). *Royal Air Force flying training and support units*. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.

## InfoBox

| No. 25 (Base Defence) Sector RAF
25th (Training) Wing RFC
No. 25 (Base) Defence Wing RAF
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1916-18
1944
1944-45 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Flying Corps
Royal Air Force |
| Type | Sector
Previously Wing |


title: Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director

abstract: The Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards (HKFA). It is given to honour the best director of a Hong Kong film.[Note 1] The 1st Hong Kong Film Awards ceremony was held in 1982, with no formal nomination procedure established; the award was given to Allen Fong for his direction of Father and Son. After the first award ceremony, a nomination system was put in place whereby no more than five nominations are made for each category and each entry is selected through two rounds of voting. Firstly, prospective nominees are marked with a weight of 50% each from HKFA voters and a hundred professional adjudicators, contributing towards a final score with which the top five nominees advance to the second round of voting. The winner is then selected via a scoring process where 55% of the vote comes from 55 professional adjudicators, 25% from representatives of the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild and 20% from all other HKFA Executive Committee Members. From the 2nd Hong Kong Film Awards (1983), there are five, sometimes 6, nominations for the category of Best Director from which one director is chosen the winner of the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director. The most recent recipient of the award was Soi Cheang, who was honoured at the 42nd Hong Kong Film Awards (2024), for his film Mad Fate. The directors with most awards in this category is Ann Hui with six wins, followed by Allen Fong, Johnnie To, Tsui Hark and Wong Kar-wai with 3 times each.

text:
# Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director

The **Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director** is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards (HKFA). It is given to honour the best director of a Hong Kong film.\[Note 1\] The 1st Hong Kong Film Awards ceremony was held in 1982, with no formal nomination procedure established; the award was given to Allen Fong for his direction of *Father and Son.* After the first award ceremony, a nomination system was put in place whereby no more than five nominations are made for each category and each entry is selected through two rounds of voting. Firstly, prospective nominees are marked with a weight of 50% each from HKFA voters and a hundred professional adjudicators, contributing towards a final score with which the top five nominees advance to the second round of voting. The winner is then selected via a scoring process where 55% of the vote comes from 55 professional adjudicators, 25% from representatives of the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild and 20% from all other HKFA Executive Committee Members.

From the 2nd Hong Kong Film Awards (1983), there are five, sometimes 6, nominations for the category of Best Director from which one director is chosen the winner of the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director. The most recent recipient of the award was Soi Cheang, who was honoured at the 42nd Hong Kong Film Awards (2024), for his film *Mad Fate*. The directors with most awards in this category is Ann Hui with six wins, followed by Allen Fong, Johnnie To, Tsui Hark and Wong Kar-wai with 3 times each.

## Winners and nominees

Table key
|  | Indicates the winner |
| --- | --- |

| Year | Director(s) | Film | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1981** **(1st)** | **Allen Fong** | ***Father and Son*** |  |
| **1982** **(2nd)** | **Ann Hui** | ***Boat People*** |  |
| | David Lai | *Lonely Fifteen* | |
| | Sammo Hung | *The Prodigal Son* | |
| | Choi Gai-Kwong | *Teenage Dreamers* | |
| | Patrick Tam | *Nomad* | |
| **1983** **(3rd)** | **Allen Fong** | ***Ah Ying*** |  |
| | Li Han-hsiang | *The Burning of Imperial Palace* | |
| | Wu Ma | *The Dead and the Deadly* | |
| | Teddy Robin | *All the Wrong Spies* | |
| | Kirk Wong | *Health Warning* | |
| **1984** **(4th)** | **Yim Ho** | ***Homecoming*** |  |
| | Tsui Hark | *Shanghai Blues* | |
| | Johnny Mak | *Long Arm of the Law* | |
| | Po-Chih Leong | *Hong Kong 1941* | |
| | Danny Lee Sau-Yin | *Law with Two Phases* | |
| **1985** **(5th)** | **Mabel Cheung** | ***The Illegal Immigrant*** |  |
| | Stanley Kwan | *Women* | |
| | Ricky Lau | *Mr. Vampire* | |
| | Sammo Hung | *Heart of Dragon* | |
| | Jackie Chan | *Police Story* | |
| **1986** **(6th)** | **Allen Fong** | ***Just Like Weather*** |  |
| | Stephen Shin | *Brotherhood* | |
| | John Woo | *A Better Tomorrow* | |
| | Derek Yee | *The Lunatics* | |
| | Li Han-Xiang | *The Last Emperor* | |
| | Stanley Kwan | *Love Unto Waste* | |
| **1987** **(7th)** | **Ringo Lam** | ***City on Fire*** |  |
| | Ching Siu-tung | *A Chinese Ghost Story* | |
| | Mabel Cheung | *An Autumn's Tale* | |
| | Ringo Lam | *Prison on Fire* | |
| | Ann Hui | *The Romance of Book & Sword* | |
| | Patrick Tam | *Final Victory* | |
| **1988** **(8th)** | **Stanley Kwan** | ***Rouge*** |  |
| | Lawrence Ah Mon | *Gangs* | |
| | Alex Law | *Painted Faces* | |
| | Wong Kar-wai | *As Tears Go By* | |
| | Jacob Cheung | *Last Eunuch in China* | |
| **1989** **(9th)** | **John Woo** | ***The Killer*** |  |
| | Johnnie To | *All About Ah-Long* | |
| | Jacob Cheung | *Beyond the Sunset* | |
| | Anthony Chan Yau | *A Fishy Story* | |
| | Mabel Cheung | *Eight Taels of Gold* | |
| **1990** **(10th)** | **Wong Kar-wai** | ***Days of Being Wild*** |  |
| | John Woo | *Bullet in the Head* | |
| | Ann Hui | *Song of the Exile* | |
| | Yim Ho | *Red Dust* | |
| | Clara Law | *Farewell China* | |
| **1991** **(11th)** | **Tsui Hark** | ***Once Upon a Time in China*** |  |
| | John Woo | *Once a Thief* | |
| | Gordon Chan | *Fight Back to School* | |
| | Lawrence Ah Mon | *Lee Rock* | |
| | Poon Man-Kit | *To Be Number One* | |
| **1992** **(12th)** | **Jacob Cheung** | ***Cageman*** |  |
| | Jeffrey Lau | *92 Legendary La Rose Noire* | |
| | Gordon Chan | *King of Beggars* | |
| | Tsui Hark | *Once Upon a Time in China II* | |
| | Stanley Kwan | *Center Stage* | |
| **1993** **(13th)** | **Derek Yee** | ***C'est la vie, mon chéri*** |  |
| | Kirk Wong | *Crime Story* | |
| | Cha Yuen-Yee | *Legal Innocence* | |
| | Peter Chan and Lee Chi-Ngai | *Tom, Dick and Hairy* | |
| | Clara Law | *Temptation of a Monk* | |
| **1994** **(14th)** | **Wong Kar-wai** | ***Chungking Express*** |  |
| | Wong Kar-wai | *Ashes of Time* | |
| | Peter Chan | *He's a Woman, She's a Man* | |
| | Tsui Hark | *The Lovers* | |
| | Gordon Chan | *The Final Option* | |
| **1995** **(15th)** | **Ann Hui** | ***Summer Snow*** |  |
| | Derek Yee | *Full Throttle* | |
| | Wong Kar-wai | *Fallen Angels* | |
| | Yim Ho | *The Day the Sun Turned Cold* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Loving You* | |
| **1996** **(16th)** | **Peter Chan** | ***Comrades: Almost a Love Story*** |  |
| | Derek Chiu | *The Log* | |
| | Derek Yee and Lau Chi-Leung | *Viva Erotica* | |
| | Shu Kei | *Hu-Du-Men* | |
| | Benny Chan | *Big Bullet* | |
| **1997** **(17th)** | **Fruit Chan** | ***Made in Hong Kong*** |  |
| | Wong Kar-wai | *Happy Together* | |
| | Ringo Lam | *Full Alert* | |
| | Mabel Cheung | *The Soong Sisters* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Lifeline* | |
| **1998** **(18th)** | **Gordon Chan** **and Dante Lam** | ***Beast Cops*** |  |
| | Stanley Kwan | *Hold You Tight* | |
| | Fruit Chan | *The Longest Summer* | |
| | Mabel Cheung | *City of Glass* | |
| | Patrick Yau | *The Longest Nite* | |
| **1999** **(19th)** | **Johnnie To** | ***The Mission*** |  |
| | Sylvia Chang | *Tempting Heart* | |
| | Ann Hui | *Ordinary Heroes* | |
| | Ringo Lam | *Victim* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Running Out of Time* | |
| **2000** **(20th)** | **Ang Lee** | ***Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon*** |  |
| | Wong Kar-wai | *In the Mood for Love* | |
| | Fruit Chan | *Durian Durian* | |
| | Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai | *Needing You...* | |
| | Wilson Yip | *Juliet in Love* | |
| **2001** **(21st)** | **Stephen Chow** | ***Shaolin Soccer*** |  |
| | Ann Hui | *July Rhapsody* | |
| | Stanley Kwan | *Lan Yu* | |
| | Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai | *Love on a Diet* | |
| | Ann Hui | *Visible Secret* | |
| **2002** **(22nd)** | **Andrew Lau** **and Alan Mak** | ***Infernal Affairs*** |  |
| | Law Chi-Leung | *Inner Senses* | |
| | Peter Chan | *Three: Going Home* | |
| | Fruit Chan | *Hollywood Hong Kong* | |
| | Zhang Yimou | *Hero* | |
| **2003** **(23rd)** | **Johnnie To** | ***PTU*** |  |
| | Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai | *Running on Karma* | |
| | Derek Yee | *Lost in Time* | |
| | Andrew Lau and Alan Mak | *Infernal Affairs II* | |
| | Benny Chan Muk-Sing | *Heroic Duo* | |
| **2004** **(24th)** | **Derek Yee** | ***One Nite in Mongkok*** |  |
| | Wong Kar-wai | *2046* | |
| | Stephen Chow | *Kung Fu Hustle* | |
| | Benny Chan Muk-Sing | *New Police Story* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Breaking News* | |
| **2005** **(25th)** | **Johnnie To** | ***Election*** |  |
| | Derek Yee | *2 Young* | |
| | Andrew Lau and Alan Mak | *Initial D* | |
| | Peter Chan | *Perhaps Love* | |
| | Tsui Hark | *Seven Swords* | |
| **2006** **(26th)** | **Patrick Tam** | ***After This Our Exile*** |  |
| | Jacob Cheung | *A Battle of Wits* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Election 2* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Exiled* | |
| | Zhang Yimou | *Curse of the Golden Flower* | |
| **2007** **(27th)** | **Peter Chan** | ***The Warlords*** |  |
| | Ann Hui | *The Postmodern Life of My Aunt* | |
| | Yau Nai-Hoi | *Eye in the Sky* | |
| | Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai | *Mad Detective* | |
| | Derek Yee | *Protégé* | |
| **2008** **(28th)** | **Ann Hui** | ***The Way We Are*** |  |
| | Benny Chan | *Connected* | |
| | John Woo | *Red Cliff* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Sparrow* | |
| | Wilson Yip | *Ip Man* | |
| **2009** **(29th)** | **Teddy Chan** | ***Bodyguards and Assassins*** |  |
| | Ann Hui | *Night and Fog* | |
| | John Woo | *Red Cliff II* | |
| | Derek Yee | *Shinjuku Incident* | |
| | Alan Mak and Felix Chong | *Overheard* | |
| **2010** **(30th)** | **Tsui Hark** | ***Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame*** |  |
| | Derek Kwok and Clement Cheng | *Gallants* | |
| | Wilson Yip | *Ip Man 2* | |
| | Su Chao-pin | *Reign of Assassins* | |
| | Dante Lam | *The Stool Pigeon* | |
| **2011** **(31st)** | **Ann Hui** | ***A Simple Life*** |  |
| | Johnnie To | *Life without Principle* | |
| | Tsui Hark | *Flying Swords of Dragon Gate* | |
| | Alan Mak and Felix Chong | *Overheard 2* | |
| | Jiang Wen | *Let the Bullets Fly* | |
| **2012** **(32nd)** | **Longman Leung and** **Sunny Luk Kim Ching** | ***Cold War*** |  |
| | Soi Cheang | *Motorway* | |
| | Pang Ho-cheung | *Love in the Buff* | |
| | Lo Chi Leung | *The Bullet Vanishes* | |
| | Dante Lam | *The Viral Factor* | |
| **2013** **(33rd)** | **Wong Kar Wai** | ***The Grandmaster*** |  |
| | Johnnie To | *Drug War* | |
| | Benny Chan | *The White Storm* | |
| | Derek Kwok | *As the Light Goes Out* | |
| | Dante Lam | *Unbeatable* | |
| **2014** **(34th)** | **Ann Hui** | ***The Golden Era*** |  |
| | Fruit Chan | *The Midnight After* | |
| | Peter Chan | *Dearest* | |
| | Dante Lam | *That Demon Within* | |
| | Alan Mak and Felix Chong | *Overheard 3* | |
| **2015** **(35th)** | **Tsui Hark** | ***The Taking Of Tiger Mountain*** |  |
| | Adrian Kwan Shun Fai | *Little Big Master* | |
| | Derek Yee | *I Am Somebody* | |
| | Wilson Yip | *Ip Man 3* | |
| | Philip Yung Tsz Kwong | *Port of Call* | |
| **2016** **(36th)** | **Frank Hui, Jevons Au and Vicky Wong** | ***Trivisa*** |  |
| | Wong Chun | *Mad World* | |
| | Derek Tsang | *Soul Mate* | |
| | Johnnie To | *Three* | |
| | Stephen Chow | *The Mermaid* | |
| **2017** **(37th)** | **Ann Hui** | ***Our Time Will Come*** |  |
| | Kearen Pang | *29+1* | |
| | Herman Yau | *Shock Wave* | |
| | Sylvia Chang | *Love Education* | |
| | Wilson Yip | *Paradox* | |
| **2018** **(38th)** | **Felix Chong** | ***Project Gutenberg*** |  |
| | Fruit Chan | *Three Husbands* | |
| | Dante Lam | *Operation Red Sea* | |
| | Sunny Chan | *Men On The Dragon* | |
| | Oliver Chan Siu Kuen | *Still Human* | |
| **2019** **(39th)** | **Derek Tsang** | ***Better Days*** |  |
| | Kiwi Chow | *Beyond the Dream* | |
| | Ray Yeung | *Suk Suk* | |
| | Heiward Mak | *Fagara* | |
| | Wilson Yip | *Ip Man 4: The Finale* | |
| **2020** and **2021** **(40th)** | **Benny Chan** | ***Raging Fire*** |  |
| | Peter Chan | *Leap* | |
| | Soi Cheang | *Limbo* | |
| | Longman Leung | *Anita* | |
| | Man Lim-chung | *Keep Rolling* | |
| **2022** **(41st)** | **Wai Ka-fai** | ***Detective vs Sleuths*** |  |
| | Ho Cheuk Tin | *The Sparring Partner* | |
| | Lam Sum | *The Narrow Road* | |
| | Mabel Cheung and William Kwok | *To My Nineteen Year Old Self* | |
| | Sunny Chan | *Table for Six* | |
| **2023** **(42nd)** | **Soi Cheang** | ***Mad Fate*** |  |
| | Nick Cheuk | *Time Still Turns the Pages* | |
| | Felix Chong | *The Goldfinger* | |
| | Jack Ng | *A Guilty Conscience* | |
| | Lawrence Kan | *In Broad Daylight* | |

## Multiple wins and nominations

## Records

| **Items** | **Name** | **Statistics** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Most wins | Ann Hui | 6 wins | 13 nominations |
| Most nominations | Johnnie To | 18 nominations | 3 wins |
| Oldest winner | Ann Hui | Age 70 years, 327 days | For *Our Time Will Come* |
| Oldest nominee | Mabel Cheung | Age 72 years, 150 days | For *To My Nineteen-Year-Old Self* |
| Youngest winner | Stanley Kwan | Age 31 years, 182 days | For *Rouge* |
| Youngest nominee | | Age 31 years | |
| Most nominations without a win | Wilson Yip | 6 nominations |  |
|

**^**  A film is considered to be a "Hong Kong film" by meeting at least 2 of the following criteria: 1. The film's director is a Hong Kong resident that holds a Hong Kong Identity Card
2. At least one of the film's production companies are legally registered in Hong Kong SAR.
3. At least one person involved in the film's production from any six separate award categories who are Hong Kong resident holding a Hong Kong Identity Card.

## InfoBox

| Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Achievement in cinematic direction |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Presented by | Hong Kong Film Awards |
| First awarded | 1982 |
| Currently held by | Soi Cheang (2024) |


abstract: The Hong Kong Film Award for Best Costume Make Up Design is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards for a film with the best costume and makeup design. As of 2016 the current winner is Yee Chung-Man for his work on Monster Hunt.

text:
# Hong Kong Film Award for Best Costume Make Up Design

The **Hong Kong Film Award for Best Costume Make Up Design** is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards for a film with the best costume and makeup design. As of 2016 the current winner is Yee Chung-Man for his work on *Monster Hunt*.

## Winners and nominees

Table key
|  | Indicates the winner |
| --- | --- |

| Year | Nominee | Film | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2022**<br>**(40th)** | **Wu Lilu, Ye Jiayin, Dora Ng, Karen Yip** | *Anita* |  |
| | Cheung Siu Hong, Chan Chi Ching Dos Santos | *Hand Rolled Cigarette* | |
| | Wu Baoling, Bobo Ng Bo Ling | '*Dynasty Warriors* | |
| | Emi Wada | *Love After Love* | |
| | Bruce Yu, Karen Yip | *Limbo* | |
|

## InfoBox

| Hong Kong Film Award for Best Costume Make Up Design | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Presented by | Hong Kong Film Awards |
| Last awarded | 2022 |
| Currently held by |  |


abstract: The Hong Kong Film Award for Best Original Film Score is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards for a film with the best original music score. As of 2022 the current winner is Ryuichi Sakamoto for Love After Love.

text:
# Hong Kong Film Award for Best Original Film Score

The **Hong Kong Film Award for Best Original Film Score** is an award presented annually at the Hong Kong Film Awards for a film with the best original music score. As of 2022 the current winner is Ryuichi Sakamoto for *Love After Love*.

## Winners and nominees

Table key
|  | Indicates the winner |
| --- | --- |

| Year | Nominee | Film | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2020**
**(39th)** | **Eman Lam** | ***My Prince Edward*** |  |
| | Varqa Buehrer | *Better Days* | |
| | Yusuke Hatano | *Say It Properly* | |
| | Peter Kam | *I'm Livin' It* | |
| | Kenji Kawai | *Ip Man 4: The Finale* | |
| **2022**
**(40th)** | **Ryuichi Sakamoto** | ***Love After Love*** |  |
| | Chiu Tsang Hei, Andy Cheung | *Anita* | |
| | Kenji Kawai | *Limbo* | |
| | Day Tai | *Zero to Hero* | |
| | Wong Hin Yan | *Drifting* | |
|

## InfoBox

| Hong Kong Film Award for Best Original Film Score | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Presented by | Hong Kong Film Awards |
| Last awarded | 2022 |
| Currently held by | Ryuichi Sakamoto (2022) |


title: No More Victims

abstract: No More Victims, founded in 2002, is a 501(c)(3) program that works with the children of incarcerated parents in Houston. The program was founded by former parole officer, Marilyn Gambrell, and addresses the physical, emotional, academic and social needs and issues of teens through a facilitated peer-support program. The first classes were taught at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston, Texas. In 2005, the story became a made-for-TV movie called Fighting the Odds: The Marilyn Gambrell Story starring Jami Gertz. The program's motto is "Get educated, not incarcerated." The classes are based on the No More Victims Family concept, which involves creating a facilitated, trusting environment in which children can openly discuss their challenges and fears, and receive the support of their fellow students. Despite research indicating that children of incarcerated parents are only about half as likely to graduate from high school as children whose parents were not incarcerated, every senior in the No More Victims program typically graduates and most are accepted into college, technical training or military assignments.

text:
# No More Victims

**No More Victims**, founded in 2002, is a 501(c)(3) program that works with the children of incarcerated parents in Houston. The program was founded by former parole officer, Marilyn Gambrell, and addresses the physical, emotional, academic and social needs and issues of teens through a facilitated peer-support program. The first classes were taught at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston, Texas. In 2005, the story became a made-for-TV movie called *Fighting the Odds: The Marilyn Gambrell Story* starring Jami Gertz.

The program's motto is "Get educated, not incarcerated." The classes are based on the No More Victims Family concept, which involves creating a facilitated, trusting environment in which children can openly discuss their challenges and fears, and receive the support of their fellow students. Despite research indicating that children of incarcerated parents are only about half as likely to graduate from high school as children whose parents were not incarcerated, every senior in the No More Victims program typically graduates and most are accepted into college, technical training or military assignments.

## Target population

Parental incarceration has been called "the greatest threat to child well-being" in the United States because it creates the high potential that the child will be exposed to risk factors such as poverty, sexual and physical abuse, teen pregnancy and violence. According to a landmark study by the Anne E. Casey Foundation, more than 5.1 million children in the U.S. have a parent who is in prison or has been incarcerated at some point in the child's life. That includes 477,000 in Texas, where No More Victims is based.


title: Noel Loomis

abstract:
Noel Loomis was an American writer, principally of western, mystery and science-fiction.
Born and raised in the American West, he was sufficiently familiar with that territory to write a useful history of the Wells Fargo company.

text:
# Noel Loomis

**Noel Loomis** (April 3, 1905 – September 7, 1969) was an American writer, principally of western, mystery and science-fiction. Born and raised in the American West, he was sufficiently familiar with that territory to write a useful history of the Wells Fargo company.

## Personal life

Noel Loomis was born **Noel Miller Loomis** on April 3, 1905, in the Oklahoma Territory town of Wakita, in the Cherokee Strip, and raised in Texico, in the New Mexico Territory, and in the West Texas town of Slaton. In later life he lived in Decanso, in the San Diego, California, Back Country from 1956.

He married Dorothy Moore Green, who was also a writer, in 1945. There is evidence that he had a first wife named Johnie or Jonie, who was the mother of his children.

## Career and honors

He also worked variously as a printer, newspaperman and editor.

## Writings

Selected works.

### Fiction

* *Murder Goes to Press* (1937)
* *City of Glass* (1942, *Startling Stories*, exp. 1955 by Columbia Publications)
* *Iron Men* (1945, *Startling Stories*)
* *Electron Eat Electron* (1946, *Planet Stories*)
* *Turnover Time* (1949, *Startling Stories*)
* *Rim of the Caprock* (1952)
* *The Buscadero* (1953, *bath gunsmoke*)
* *We Breathe For You* (1953, *Startling Stories*)
* *The Ultimate Planet* (1949, *Thrilling Wonder Stories*)
* *The Man With the Absolute Motion* (1955, as by Silas Water)
* *Short Cut to Red River* (1958)
* *Grandfather Out of the Past* (1959)

### Non-fiction

### Media work

This production, starring Frank Sinatra and other well-known actors, by accounts an unusual production, has to date (2014) never been released on any of the usual portable media, e.g. VHS or DVD.

## Other

### Editing

### Teaching

## InfoBox

| Noel Loomis | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Noel Miller Loomis
(1905-04-03)April 3, 1905
Wakita, Grant, Oklahoma |
| Died | September 7, 1969(1969-09-07) (aged 64)
San Diego, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Oklahoma |
| Occupations | * Writer * editor * teacher |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Moore Green |


title: Georgia State Route 140

abstract: State Route 140 (SR 140) is a 78.6-mile-long (126.5 km) state highway in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects the Armuchee and Peachtree Corners areas, within portions of Floyd, Bartow, Cherokee, Fulton, Gwinnett counties.

text:
# Georgia State Route 140

**State Route 140** (**SR 140**) is a 78.6-mile-long (126.5 km) state highway in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects the Armuchee and Peachtree Corners areas, within portions of Floyd, Bartow, Cherokee, Fulton, Gwinnett counties.

## Route description

SR 140 begins at an intersection with US 27/SR 1 near Armuchee, within Floyd County. It travels east, crosses over the Oostanaula River, and meets SR 53 (New Calhoun Highway NE). It crosses into Bartow County and enters Adairsville. In town, it has an intersection with US 41/SR 3 (Joe Frank Harris Parkway) and an interchange with Interstate 75 (I-75; Larry McDonald Memorial Highway). It continues to the east and then curves to the southeast to meet US 411/SR 61, just north of Rydal. It heads east into Cherokee County and then curves to the southeast. In Waleska, the highway intersects SR 108 (Fincher Road). The roadway continues to the southeast and enters Canton. Here, it has an intersection with SR 5 Connector (Reinhardt College Parkway). Farther to the south it has a concurrency with SR 5 Business. The two routes curve to the southwest, cross over the Etowah River, and meet SR 20 (Marietta Highway), which joins the concurrency for less than 1 mile (1.6 km). At Interstate 575/SR 5 (Phillip M. Landrum Memorial Highway), SR 5 Business ends, SR 20 joins the freeway to the northeast, and SR 140 curves to the northeast, before heading southeast again. SR 140 enters Fulton County. In the county is SR 372 (Crabapple Road). The route enters Roswell, where it joins a concurrency of SR 9/SR 120 (Alpharetta Highway). At the Roswell Town Center, the three routes meet the eastern terminus of SR 92 (East Crossville Road). At this intersection, SR 9/SR 120 depart to the southwest, while SR 140 continues to the southeast. Less than 1 mile (1.6 km) later is US 19/SR 400 (Hospitality Highway). To the southeast, it crosses over the Chattahoochee River on the Fulton–Gwinnett County border for a short while, before it enters Gwinnett County proper and the city of Peachtree Corners. Just to the west of Norcross, SR 140 meets SR 141 (Peachtree Industrial Boulevard). Shortly to the southeast, in town, it intersects US 23/SR 13 (Buford Highway). It continues to the southeast until it meets its eastern terminus, an interchange with I-85 (Veterans Parkway), just south of Norcross.

The section of SR 140 from Roswell to its eastern terminus is the only part of the route that is included in the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.

## Improvements

In February 2019, the Cherokee County Board of Commissioners approved a study to determine the need for various improvements along a section of the road. The Georgia Department of Transportation currently plans to expand the route from two to four lanes by the year 2037; the board's chairman called that timeline "completely unacceptable."

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Floyd |  | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 27 / SR 1 Rome, Summerville | Western terminus |
| |  | 3.1 | 5.0 | Oostanaula River | |
| |  | 7.7 | 12.4 | SR 53 (New Calhoun Highway NE) Rome, Calhoun |  |
| Bartow | Adairsville | 14.7 | 23.7 | US 41 / SR 3 (Joe Frank Harris Parkway) |  |
| | | 15.9 | 25.6 | I-75 (Larry McDonald Memorial Highway / SR 401) | I-75 exit 306 |
| |  | 28.4 | 45.7 | US 411 / SR 61 |  |
| Cherokee | Waleska | 39.6 | 63.7 | SR 108 (Fincher Road) Allatoona Lake, Jasper |  |
| | Canton | 45.7 | 73.5 |
SR 5 Conn. north (Reinhardt College Parkway) | Southern terminus of SR 5 Conn. |
| | 46.6 | 75.0 |
SR 5 Bus. north | Western end of SR 5 Bus. concurrency |
| | 47.8 | 76.9 | Etowah River | |
| | 48.2 | 77.6 |
SR 20 west (Marietta Highway) Cartersville | Western end of SR 20 concurrency |
| | 48.8 | 78.5 |

I-575 south (SR 417) / SR 5 south (Phillip M. Landrum Memorial Highway) / SR 5 Bus. north | Eastern end of SR 5 Bus. concurrency; I-575/SR 5 exit 16A |
| | 49.0 | 78.9 |

I-575 north (SR 417) / SR 5 north (Phillip M. Landrum Memorial Highway) / SR 20 east | Eastern end of SR 20 concurrency; I-575/SR 5 exit 16A |
| Little River | | 59.7 | 96.1 | Cherokee–Fulton county line | |
| Fulton | Roswell | 63.0 | 101.4 | SR 372 (Crabapple Road) |  |
| | | 66.0 | 106.2 |

SR 9 north / SR 120 east (Alpharetta Highway) | Western end of SR 9/SR 120 concurrency |
| | | 66.3 | 106.7 |

SR 9 south / SR 120 west (Alpharetta Highway) / SR 92 west (East Crossville Road) Sandy Springs, Marietta, Woodstock | Eastern end of SR 9/SR 120 concurrency; eastern terminus of SR 92 |
| | | 67.7 | 109.0 | US 19 / SR 400 (Hospitality Highway) Atlanta, Cumming | US 19/SR 400 exit 7 |
| Chattahoochee River | | 72.9 | 117.3 | Fulton–Gwinnett county line | |
| Gwinnett | Peachtree Corners | 75.5 | 121.5 | SR 141 (Peachtree Industrial Boulevard) Doraville, Norcross |  |
| | Norcross | 77.0 | 123.9 | US 23 / SR 13 (Buford Highway) |  |
| |  | 78.6 | 126.5 | I-85 (Veterans Parkway / SR 403) Atlanta, Greenville | Eastern terminus; I-85 exit 99; Diverging diamond interchange |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Georgia State Route 140KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 140 | |
| --- | --- |
| SR 140 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by GDOT | |
| Length | 78.6 mi (126.5 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | US 27 / SR 1 near Armuchee |
| Major intersections | US 41 / SR 3 in Adairsville I-75 in Adairsville
 |
| East end | I-85 near Norcross |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| Counties | Floyd, Bartow, Cherokee, Fulton, Gwinnett |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Georgia State Highway System** | |
| SR 139   SR 141 | |


title: Mao Zeming

abstract: Mao Zeming CMG is a Papua New Guinean politician. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from December 1999 to November 2000. He was raised in the New Guinea Highlands. After studying motor mechanics for his tertiary education in Goroka, he enrolled as an officer cadet in 1983 at the Papua New Guinea Defence Academy in Lae. He was first elected to Parliament in a by-election in July 1995, representing the Tewai-Siassi constituency. In July 1997, Prime Minister Bill Skate appointed him Minister for Defence, then reshuffled him in December to the position of Minister for Housing. Skate briefly shuffled him to the position of Minister for Forests in July 1998, then back to Minister for Housing in October. Out of the Cabinet from June 1999, he was back in it from December, this time under Prime Minister Mekere Morauta, as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Agriculture and Livestock. He held the position until November 2000, when Morauta sacked him, accusing him of disloyalty. In April 2003, the Leadership Tribunal found Zeming guilty on nine charges "relating to use of his discretionary funds to pay companies owned or controlled by his associates". On recommendation of the Tribunal, which deemed him "unworthy to continue in office" for his mishandling of millions of kina, he was dismissed from Parliament in May by the Governor-General. Returning to Parliament in the 2012 general election, as a member of incumbent Prime Minister Peter O'Neill's People's National Congress Party, he was appointed Minister for Fisheries and Marine Resources. In June 2015, he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George "for services to the community and to politics".

text:
# Mao Zeming

**Mao Zeming** CMG (born 11 November 1963) is a Papua New Guinean politician. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from December 1999 to November 2000.

He was raised in the New Guinea Highlands. After studying motor mechanics for his tertiary education in Goroka, he enrolled as an officer cadet in 1983 at the Papua New Guinea Defence Academy in Lae.

He was first elected to Parliament in a by-election in July 1995, representing the Tewai-Siassi constituency (in Morobe Province). In July 1997, Prime Minister Bill Skate appointed him Minister for Defence, then reshuffled him in December to the position of Minister for Housing. Skate briefly shuffled him to the position of Minister for Forests in July 1998, then back to Minister for Housing in October. Out of the Cabinet from June 1999, he was back in it from December, this time under Prime Minister Mekere Morauta, as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Agriculture and Livestock. He held the position until November 2000, when Morauta sacked him, accusing him of disloyalty.

In April 2003, the Leadership Tribunal found Zeming guilty on nine charges "relating to use of his discretionary funds to pay companies owned or controlled by his associates". On recommendation of the Tribunal, which deemed him "unworthy to continue in office" for his mishandling of millions of kina, he was dismissed from Parliament in May by the Governor-General.

Returning to Parliament in the 2012 general election, as a member of incumbent Prime Minister Peter O'Neill's People's National Congress Party, he was appointed Minister for Fisheries and Marine Resources. In June 2015, he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George "for services to the community and to politics".


title: Questionnaire Handicap

abstract:
The Questionnaire Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race named in honor of the horse Questionnaire who was bred and raced by James Butler, the late president and owner of Empire City Race Track. The race was held from its inception in 1938 through 1942 at the Empire City RaceTrack in Yonkers, New York but with the United States becoming involved in World War II, in 1943 rationing and other wartime limitations resulted in the Empire City Association's decision to go back to hosting only harness racing. The Questionnaire Handicap was then moved to the Jamaica Race Course where it would run under the sponsorship of the Empire City Association through 1953 when it had its final running. While never a major race, the Questionnaire Handicap drew some of the best horses of the day and from the top racing stables. Race distances:
  - 1938-1943, 1947-1952 : 11⁄16 miles on dirt
  - 1944-1946, 1953 : 15⁄8 miles on dirt

text:
# Questionnaire Handicap

The **Questionnaire Handicap** was an American Thoroughbred horse race named in honor of the horse Questionnaire who was bred and raced by James Butler, the late president and owner of Empire City Race Track. The race was held from its inception in 1938 through 1942 at the Empire City RaceTrack in Yonkers, New York but with the United States becoming involved in World War II, in 1943 rationing and other wartime limitations resulted in the Empire City Association's decision to go back to hosting only harness racing. The Questionnaire Handicap was then moved to the Jamaica Race Course where it would run under the sponsorship of the Empire City Association through 1953 when it had its final running.

While never a major race, the Questionnaire Handicap drew some of the best horses of the day and from the top racing stables.

**Race distances:**

* 1938-1943, 1947-1952 : 1116 miles on dirt
* 1944-1946, 1953 : 158 miles on dirt

## Notable events

In 1950, One Hitter set a new Jamaica track record of 1:42 2/5 for a mile and a sixteenth on dirt.

In 1951 there was a dead heat for first between Arise and Bryan G.

The 1953 race was won by 1951 Kentucky Derby winner Count Turf owned by New York City restaurateur Jack Amiel.

## Records

**Speed record:**

**Most wins by a jockey:**

**Most wins by a trainer:**

## Winners

| Year
 | Winner
 | Age
 | Jockey
 | Trainer
 | Owner
 | Dist.
(Miles) | Time
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1953 | Count Turf | 5 | Conn McCreary | William B. Finnegan | Jack J. Amiel | 158 M | 1:43.40 |
| 1952 | Alerted | 4 | Conn McCreary | James Penrod | Hampton Stable | 1116 M | 1:44.00 |
| 1951 | Arise | 5 | Eric Guerin | James C. Bentley | Addison Stable | 1116 M | 1:43.40 |
| 1951 | Bryan G. | 4 | Ovie Scurlock | Casey Hayes | Christopher Chenery | 1116 M | 1:43.40 |
| 1950 | One Hitter | 4 | Ted Atkinson | John M. Gaver Sr. | Greentree Stable | 1116 M | 1:42.40 |
| 1949 | Royal Governor | 5 | Eric Guerin | James E. Ryan | Esther D. du Pont | 1116 M | 1:45.40 |
| 1948 | Donor | 4 | Dick Rozelle | George P. "Maje" Odom | W. Deering Howe | 1116 M | 1:44.80 |
| 1947 | Stymie | 6 | Robert Permane | Hirsch Jacobs | Ethel D. Jacobs | 1116 M | 1:44.00 |
| 1946 | Trymenow | 4 | Arnold Kirkland | Oscar White | Walter M. Jeffords | 158 M | 2:44.60 |
| 1945 | Eurasian | 5 | Herb Lindberg | Sol Rutchick | Havahome Stable | 158 M | 2:44.40 |
| 1944 | Princequillo | 4 | Eddie Arcaro | Horatio Luro | Boone Hall Stable | 158 M | 2:43.00 |
| 1943 | First Fiddle | 4 | Warren Mehrtens | Edward L. Mulrenan | Mrs. Edward L. Mulrenan | 1116 M | 1:45.00 |
| 1942 | Argonne Woods | 5 | Don Meade | Julius J. Bauer | J. H. Miles | 1116 M | 1:43.60 |
| 1941 | Parasang | 4 | Alfred Robertson | Sylvester E. Veitch | Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney | 1116 M | 1:45.60 |
| 1940 | Tola Rose | 3 | Don Meade | Max Hirsch | Arthur J. Sackett | 1116 M | 1:46.20 |
| 1939 | The Chief | 4 | Sam Renick | Earl Sande | Maxwell Howard | 1116 M | 1:45.40 |
| 1938 | Unfailing | 4 | Sam Renick | Max Hirsch | Parker Corning | 1116 M | 1:45.40 |
|

* † In 1951 there was a dead heat for first.

## InfoBox

Questionnaire Handicap
| Stakes race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Jamaica Race Course
Jamaica, Queens, New York, USA |
| Inaugurated | 1938-1953 |
| Race type | Thoroughbred \- Flat racing |
| Website | www.empirecitycasino.com/racing/ |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1+58 miles (13 furlongs) |
| Surface | Dirt |
| Track | left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-olds and up |


title: PalmPilot

abstract: The PalmPilot Personal and PalmPilot Professional are the second generation of Palm PDA devices produced by Palm Inc. These devices were launched on March 10, 1996.

text:
# PalmPilot

The **PalmPilot Personal** and PalmPilot Professional are the second generation of Palm PDA devices produced by Palm Inc (then a subsidiary of U.S. Robotics, later 3Com). These devices were launched on March 10, 1996.

## Accessories and pricing

Palm also sold the **10201U** modem at 14.4 kbit/s, introduced at a price of $129 (this modem is also compatible with the Palm III and Palm IIIx devices). An upgrade kit was also available, which allowed users of the earlier Pilot 1000/5000 devices to upgrade the OS, ROM, and RAM to match the PalmPilot **Professional**. Initially suggested retail prices upon launch were $399 for the PalmPilot **Professional** (1 MB), $299 for the PalmPilot **Personal** (512 KB), and $199 for the Upgrade Kit. Upgrade kits were also available to existing registered Pilot users for $99 for a limited time after the launch. These kits included IR capability, a new plastic memory door to accommodate the IR diodes, a memory card with 1 MB, the new ROM for Palm OS 2.0, and a CD-ROM with updated desktop software.

## Reception

The PalmPilot became a large success and helped Palm further establish itself as the leader in the growing PDA/handheld PC market. PalmPilot had reportedly sold over 1 million units by 1998.

It was succeeded by Palm III in 1998.

## Notable uses

IMAX used the PalmPilot for its Quick Turn Reel Units, which are used to screen feature films in 70mm. This usage of the PalmPilot has now been replaced by a PalmPilot emulator.

## InfoBox

Palm-Pilot
| PalmPilot with stylus | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Palm Inc (then a subsidiary of U.S. Robotics) |
| Type | Bar PDA |
| Release date | March 10, 1996 (1996-03-10) |
| Operating system | Palm OS 2.0 |
| CPU | Motorola 68328 processor at 16 MHz |
| Memory | 512 KB (Personal) or 1024 KB (Professional) built in |
| Display | 160x160 pixel monochrome touchscreen LCD |
| Sound | Mono loudspeakers |
| Input | Graffiti input zone |
| Camera | None |
| Connectivity | Palm Desktop software through RS-232 |
| Power | 2x AAA Batteries |
| Dimensions | 4.7 x 3.1 x .7 inches |
| Mass | 5.6 oz (160 g) |
| Related | Palm (PDA) |


title: Peter Singh

abstract: Peter Singh is a Canadian politician who was elected in the 2019 Alberta general election to represent the electoral district of Calgary-East in the 30th Alberta Legislature as a member of the United Conservative Party (UCP). Singh was re-elected in the 2023 Alberta general election. Singh was born in the Fiji Islands and has previously owned and operated an automotive repair business. As an MLA, Singh has advocated that more resources be put into seniors facilities. He has also been opposed to the carbon tax and pushed for a reduction in corporate tax. Singh currently serves as a member of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts, the Standing Committee on Resource Stewardship, the Standing Committee on Private Bills as well as the Select Special Ombudsman and Public Interest Commissioner Search Committee. Previously he served on the Standing Committee on the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund as well as the Standing Committee on Private Bills and Private Members’ Public Bills. In May 2019, an investigation was launched by Alberta's election commissioner into Singh's conduct during his 2018 UCP nomination campaign in Calgary-East. Singh was accused by four of his former opponents in November 2018 of using "fraud, forgery, improper inducement and bribery" to gain votes during the nomination campaign. However, an internal UCP investigation had previously cleared Singh of any wrongdoing. Singh has also maintained his innocence throughout the investigation.

text:
# Peter Singh

**Peter Singh** is a Canadian politician who was elected in the 2019 Alberta general election to represent the electoral district of Calgary-East in the 30th Alberta Legislature as a member of the United Conservative Party (UCP). Singh was re-elected in the 2023 Alberta general election.

Singh was born in the Fiji Islands and has previously owned and operated an automotive repair business.

As an MLA, Singh has advocated that more resources be put into seniors facilities. He has also been opposed to the carbon tax and pushed for a reduction in corporate tax.

Singh currently serves as a member of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts, the Standing Committee on Resource Stewardship, the Standing Committee on Private Bills as well as the Select Special Ombudsman and Public Interest Commissioner Search Committee. Previously he served on the Standing Committee on the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund as well as the Standing Committee on Private Bills and Private Members’ Public Bills.

In May 2019, an investigation was launched by Alberta's election commissioner into Singh's conduct during his 2018 UCP nomination campaign in Calgary-East. Singh was accused by four of his former opponents in November 2018 of using "fraud, forgery, improper inducement and bribery" to gain votes during the nomination campaign. However, an internal UCP investigation had previously cleared Singh of any wrongdoing. Singh has also maintained his innocence throughout the investigation.

## Electoral history

| 2023 Alberta general election: Calgary-East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | United Conservative | Peter Singh | 7,123 | 50.23 | +0.51 |
|  | New Democratic | Rosman Valencia | 6,425 | 45.31 | +13.13 |
|  | Green | Jayden Baldonado | 403 | 2.84 | +0.52 |
|  | Solidarity Movement | Garry Dirk | 166 | 1.17 |  |
|  | Communist | Jonathan Trautman | 64 | 0.45 | -0.00 |
| Total | | | 14,181 | 99.02 |  |
| Rejected and declined | | | 141 | 0.98 |
| Turnout | | | 14,322 | 44.41 |
| Eligible electors | | | 32,250 |
|  | United Conservative **hold** | | Swing | | -6.31 |
| Source(s) Source: Elections Alberta | | | | | | |

| 2019 Alberta general election: Calgary-East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | United Conservative | Peter Singh | 7,520 | 49.72 | -4.54 | $33,681 |
|  | New Democratic | Cesar Cala | 4,867 | 32.18 | -8.31 | $50,555 |
|  | Alberta Party | Gar Gar | 1,879 | 12.42 | +11.20 | $16,933 |
|  | Liberal | Michelle Robinson | 439 | 2.90 | -0.70 | $3,792 |
|  | Green | William Carnegie | 351 | 2.32 |  | $3,515 |
|  | Communist | Jonathan Trautman | 69 | 0.46 | +0.03 | $500 |
| Total | | | 15,125 | 99.12 |  |
| Rejected, spoiled and declined | | | 135 | 0.88 |
| Turnout | | | 15,260 | 47.92 |
| Eligible voters | | | 31,843 |
|  | United Conservative **notional hold** | | Swing | | +1.89 |
| Source(s) Source: Elections Alberta  ---  Note: Expenses is the sum of "Election Expenses", "Other Expenses" and "Transfers Issued". The *Elections Act* limits "Election Expenses" to $50,000. | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Peter SinghMLA | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Calgary-East | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>April 16, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Robyn Luff |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fiji |
| Political party | United Conservative Party |
| Residence(s) | Calgary, Alberta, Canada |
| Occupation | Businessman |
|  | |


title: Mongolia at the 2002 Asian Games

abstract: Mongolia participated in the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea, from September 29 to October 14, 2002. Athletes from Mongolia won overall 14 medals, and clinched 26th spot in the medal table.

text:
# Mongolia at the 2002 Asian Games

**Mongolia** participated in the **2002 Asian Games** held in Busan, South Korea, from September 29 to October 14, 2002. Athletes from Mongolia won overall 14 medals (including one gold), and clinched 26th spot in the medal table.

## Medal summary

### Medals by sport

| Sport | **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Judo |  | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Shooting |  |  | 1 | 1 |
| Wrestling | 1 |  | 4 | 5 |
| Wushu |  |  | 2 | 2 |
| Total | 1 | 1 | 12 | 14 |

### Medalists

| Medal | Athlete | Sport | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Oyuunbilegiin Pürevbaatar | Wrestling | Men's 60 kg |
| Silver | Tsend-Ayuushiin Ochirbat | Judo | Men's 90 kg |
| Bronze | Norjingiin Bayarmagnai | Wrestling | Men's 66 kg |
| Bronze | Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal | Wrestling | Women's 48 kg |
| Bronze | Naidangiin Otgonjargal | Wrestling | Women's 55 kg |
| Bronze | Ochirbatyn Myagmarsüren | Wrestling | Women's 63 kg |
| Bronze | Gantömöriin Dashdavaa | Judo | Men's 66 kg |
| Bronze | Damdinsürengiin Nyamkhüü | Judo | Men's 81 kg |
| Bronze | Khishigbatyn Erdenet-Od | Judo | Women's 57 kg |
| Bronze | Erdene-Ochiryn Dolgormaa | Judo | Women's + 78 kg |
| Bronze | Erdene-Ochiryn Dolgormaa | Judo | Women's openweight |
| Bronze | Otryadyn Gündegmaa | Shooting | Women's 25 metre pistol |
| Bronze | Ulziibadrakh Saruul-Od | Wushu | Men's sanda 56 kg |
| Bronze | Magsarja Batjargal | Wushu | Men's sanda 70 kg |
|

## Boxing

## Judo

## Shooting

## Wrestling

## InfoBox

| Mongolia at the
2002 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | MGL |
| NOC | Mongolian National Olympic Committee |
| in Busan | |
| Medals
Ranked 26th | Gold 1 Silver 1 Bronze 12 Total 14 |
| Asian Games appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Tila, Chiapas

abstract: Tila is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico. As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 71,432, up from 58,153 in 2005. It covers an area of 705.5 km⁲. As of 2010, the town of Tila had a population of 7,164. Other than the town of Tila, the municipality had 160 localities, the largest of which were Petalcingo (6,775), Nueva Esperanza (4,059), and El Limar (2,908), all classified as urban, and Chulum Juárez (2,137), Tocob Leglemal (2,067), Nuevo Limar (1,974), Shoctic (1,717), Usipa (1,450), Cantioc (1,426), Joljá (1,303), Chulum Cárdenas (1,126), Jolsibaquil (1,103), Misija (1,087), and Unión Juárez (1,012), classified as rural.

text:
# Tila, Chiapas

**Tila** is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 71,432, up from 58,153 in 2005. It covers an area of 705.5 km2.

As of 2010, the town of Tila had a population of 7,164. Other than the town of Tila, the municipality had 160 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were Petalcingo (6,775), Nueva Esperanza (4,059), and El Limar (2,908), all classified as urban, and Chulum Juárez (2,137), Tocob Leglemal (2,067), Nuevo Limar (1,974), Shoctic (1,717), Usipa (1,450), Cantioc (1,426), Joljá (1,303), Chulum Cárdenas (1,126), Jolsibaquil (1,103), Misija (1,087), and Unión Juárez (1,012), classified as rural.

## History

### Foundation

Tila was founded in 1564 by Fray Pedro Lorenzo de la Nada. In 1677 was a parish, and the documents of that time express the abuses of a Catholic priest, Father Cuevas, "a man with racist frustrations", who physically punished the indigenous inhabitants. In 1712 there was organized in Tila an uprising against the Spanish authorities because of tax policies. In July 1829 the governor, Emeterio Pineda, granted Tila the category of "Villa". The postal service was founded in 1833. In 1920 formal discussions lasting 10 years were undertaken in Mexico City and in Tuxtla Gutierrez to create in Tila the category of *ejidos*, or communal land. In 1930, Tila became an Ejido of Chiapas. Since then two main authorities have coexisted in Tila, represented by the Commissioner Ejidal and by the municipal president. In 2005 there was a conflict between representatives of both authorities that divided Tila politically between *ejiditarios* (indigenous owners of communal lands) and *pobladores* (new mestizo people who bought plots of land from former indigenous owners).

* 2024

* Boletín del Archivo Histórico Diocesano. San Cristóbal de las Casas, September 1997.

## InfoBox

| Tila | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Municipality of Teopisca in Chiapas | |
| TilaLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 17°18′N 92°26′W / 17.300°N 92.433°W / 17.300; -92.433 | |
| Country | Mexico (de jure)
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities (Controlled by) |
| State | Chiapas |
| Area | |
| Total | 272.4 sq mi (705.5 km2) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 71,432 |


title: MultiAir

abstract: MultiAir or Multiair is a hydraulically-actuated variable valve timing (VVT) and variable valve lift (VVL) engine technology enabling "cylinder by cylinder, stroke by stroke" control of intake air directly via a gasoline engine's inlet valves. Developed by Fiat Powertrain Technologies, the technology addresses a primary engine inefficiency: pumping losses caused by restricting intake passage by the throttle plate that regulates air feeding the cylinders. Fiat S.p.A., now known as Stellantis, launched MultiAir in 2009, employing a proprietary electro-hydraulic system to precisely control air intake without a throttle valve to increase engine power and torque, reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions, and improve engine operation, offering "a more controllable flow of air during the combustion cycle in comparison with mechanical VVT systems." The technology allows engines to be lighter and smaller while reducing pump losses. It can be adapted to existing engines by replacing the camshaft with the MultiAir system, thus requiring a new head only. MultiAir was licensed to the Schaeffler Group in 2011, which also markets the system as Uniair. Schaeffler began supplying Uniair systems in 2017 to Jaguar Land Rover, branded as Ingenium technology. Compatible with both naturally aspirated and forced-induction engines, MultiAir technology was patented by Fiat in 2002 and was launched at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show in the Alfa Romeo MiTo. 1.4 L MultiAir engines for global markets are manufactured in Termoli, Italy at the Fiat Powertrain Technologies factory and the FCA's Dundee Engine Plant, with critical systems manufactured and assembled by Schaeffler Group. In 2010, the 1.4 L MultiAir engine won the International Engine of the Year as well as Popular Science's Best of What's New. In the same year, the Fiat SGE engine, also using MultiAir technology, was launched in the Fiat 500. It is produced in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. It was named Best New Engine in 2011. Both FIRE and SGE units are equipped with MultiAir and use indirect fuel injection. The GME (Hurricane) and GSE (FireFly) MultiAir II engines, which use direct fuel injection, were first made available in 2016.

text:
# MultiAir

**MultiAir** or **Multiair** is a hydraulically-actuated variable valve timing (VVT) and variable valve lift (VVL) engine technology enabling "cylinder by cylinder, stroke by stroke" control of intake air directly via a gasoline engine's inlet valves. Developed by Fiat Powertrain Technologies, the technology addresses a primary engine inefficiency: pumping losses caused by restricting intake passage by the throttle plate that regulates air feeding the cylinders.

Fiat S.p.A., now known as Stellantis, launched MultiAir in 2009, employing a proprietary electro-hydraulic system to precisely control air intake without a throttle valve to increase engine power and torque, reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions, and improve engine operation, offering "a more controllable flow of air during the combustion cycle in comparison with mechanical VVT systems." The technology allows engines to be lighter and smaller while reducing pump losses. It can be adapted to existing engines by replacing the camshaft with the MultiAir system, thus requiring a new head only.

MultiAir was licensed to the Schaeffler Group in 2011, which also markets the system as **Uniair**. Schaeffler began supplying Uniair systems in 2017 to Jaguar Land Rover, branded as Ingenium technology.

Compatible with both naturally aspirated and forced-induction engines, MultiAir technology was patented by Fiat in 2002 and was launched at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show in the Alfa Romeo MiTo. 1.4 L MultiAir engines for global markets are manufactured in Termoli, Italy at the Fiat Powertrain Technologies factory and the FCA's Dundee Engine Plant (formerly of Global Engine Alliance's GEMA manufacturing branch), with critical systems manufactured and assembled by Schaeffler Group.

In 2010, the 1.4 L MultiAir engine won the *International Engine of the Year* as well as Popular Science's *Best of What's New.* In the same year, the Fiat SGE engine (0.9 L turbocharged and 1.0 L naturally aspirated TwinAir units), also using MultiAir technology, was launched in the Fiat 500. It is produced in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. It was named Best New Engine in 2011.

Both FIRE and SGE units are equipped with MultiAir and use indirect fuel injection.

The GME (Hurricane) and GSE (FireFly) MultiAir II engines, which use direct fuel injection, were first made available in 2016.

## Technology

> ***How it works***
> "The MultiAir system is elegantly simple. An electrohydraulic actuator, a high-response, electronically activated solenoid—controls the pressure applied to hydraulic fluid (engine oil drawn from the sump) that fills a thin passageway that connects the intake valves and the camshaft. The solenoid valve regulates the amount of oil pumped by the cam action to either the valve or a bypass reservoir.
>
> When pressurized, the hydraulic line behaves like a solid body and transmits the lift schedule imparted by the intake cam directly to the intake valve. When the solenoid is disengaged, a spring takes over valve actuation duties.
>
> This electrohydraulic link allows independent operation of the two components, which enables near real-time control over the valve lift profiles, said Bernard. Whereas a closed solenoid normally transmits the pressure generated by the camshaft’s intake profile to the valve, an open solenoid breaks the hydraulic link between cam and valve, decoupling their operations."
> ***Society of Automotive Engineering, 2010***

For variable valve lift, competing technologies (e.g., Honda's VTEC and BMW's Valvetronic) use electromechanical concepts, achieving valve lift variation via dedicated mechanisms; it can also be combined with camshaft phasers to allow control of both valve lift and phase. In contrast, MultiAir uses managed hydraulic fluid to provide variable valve control.

Control of a MultiAir engine's intake valves works via a valve tappet (cam follower), moved by a mechanical intake cam, which is connected to the intake valve through a hydraulic chamber, controlled by a normally open on/off solenoid valve. The system allows optimum timing of intake valve operation.

MultiAir technology can increase power (up to 10%) and torque (up to 15%), as well as reduce consumption levels (up to 10%) and emissions of CO2 (up to 10%), particulates (up to 40%) and NOx (up to 60%) when compared to a traditional petrol engine. The system also provides smoother cold weather operation, greater torque delivery, and no engine shake at shut-off.

## Development

Research on critical related technologies started in the 1980s when engine electronic control reached market maturity. MultiAir was developed over ten years at Fiat's Centro Ricerche Fiat (CRF) in Orbassano outside Turin, after a five-year delay during Fiat's 2000-2005 partnership with General Motors. The vice president of Fiat Powertrain Research & Development, Rinaldo Rinolfi, led the team who developed the technology at a cost of over $100 million.

## Other systems

More advanced, fully camless valvetrain systems are under development but are not yet production-ready. The Valvetronic system used by BMW allows the valve timing and lift to be varied, but not the cam profile. The ability to vary the latter is characteristic of camless and the MultiAir systems.

## Applications


title: Mulleripicus

abstract: Mulleripicus is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family Picidae. They are found in South and Southeast Asia. The genus forms part of the woodpecker subfamily Picinae and has a sister relationship to the genus Dryocopus whose species are widely distributed in Eurasia and the Americas.

text:
# Mulleripicus

***Mulleripicus*** is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family Picidae. They are found in South and Southeast Asia. The genus forms part of the woodpecker subfamily Picinae and has a sister relationship to the genus *Dryocopus* whose species are widely distributed in Eurasia and the Americas.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Mulleripicus* was erected by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte to accommodate the great slaty woodpecker (*Mulleripicus pulverulentus*). The genus name honours the German naturalist Salomon Müller, The genus belongs to the tribe Picini and is a member of a clade that contains the five genera: *Colaptes*, *Piculus*, *Mulleripicus*, *Dryocopus* and *Celeus*.

The genus contains four species.

Genus '***Mulleripicus***Bonaparte, 1854 – four species
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ashy woodpecker
Male

Female | *Mulleripicus fulvus*
(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) | Sulawesi and surrounding islands in Indonesia | *Size*:

*Habitat*:

*Diet*: | **LC**
 |
| Northern sooty woodpecker | *Mulleripicus funebris*
(Valenciennes, 1826) | Luzon, Marinduque, Catanduanes and the Polillo Islands in the Philippines | *Size*:

*Habitat*:

*Diet*: | **NT**
 |
| Southern sooty woodpecker
 | *Mulleripicus fuliginosus*
Tweeddale, 1877 | Mindanao, Leyte, and Samar | *Size*:

*Habitat*:

*Diet*: | **VU**
 |
| Great slaty woodpecker | *Mulleripicus pulverulentus*
(, ) | Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam
 | *Size*:

*Habitat*:

*Diet*: | **LC**
 |

## InfoBox

| *Mulleripicus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A pair of ashy woodpeckers (*Mulleripicus fulvus*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Picidae |
| Tribe: | Picini |
| Genus: | *Mulleripicus*
Bonaparte, 1854 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Picus pulverulentus*
Temminck, 1826 | |
| Species | |
| see text | |


title: Vieni avanti cretino

abstract: Vieni avanti cretino is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce. It had a great commercial success, grossing over 3 billion lire at the Italian box office.

text:
# Vieni avanti cretino

***Vieni avanti cretino*** (*Come On Idiot*) is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce.

It had a great commercial success, grossing over 3 billion lire at the Italian box office.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Vieni avanti cretino | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Luciano Salce |
| Written by | Roberto Leoni
Franco Bucceri
Lino Banfi |
| Starring | Lino Banfi |
| Cinematography | Erico Menczer |
| Edited by | Antonio Siciliano |
| Music by | Fabio Frizzi |
| Language | Italian |


title: Ville-en-Woëvre

abstract: Ville-en-Woëvre is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

text:
# Ville-en-Woëvre

**Ville-en-Woëvre** (French pronunciation: \[vil ɑ̃ wavʁ\]) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Ville-en-Woëvre | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Ville-en-Woëvre | |
| Location of Ville-en-Woëvre | |
| Ville-en-WoëvreVille-en-Woëvre | |
| Coordinates: 49°07′51″N 5°37′39″E / 49.1308°N 5.6275°E / 49.1308; 5.6275 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Meuse |
| Arrondissement | Verdun |
| Canton | Étain |
| Intercommunality | Territoire de Fresnes-en-Woëvre |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Didier Alexandre |
| Area**1** | 14.18 km2 (5.47 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 127 |
| Density | 9.0/km2 (23/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 55557 /55160 |
| Elevation | 202–246 m (663–807 ft)
(avg. 237 m or 778 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Multiple Natures

abstract: Multiple Natures is a personality-type framework developed by renowned American educator and researcher, Steven Paul Rudolph. It attempts to account for people's natures and personality traits that lead to particular behavioral patterns, especially with respect to their work and learning. The framework helps individuals understand their inner qualities so they can achieve their potential and find success and happiness in life.

text:
# Multiple Natures

**Multiple Natures** is a personality-type framework developed by renowned American educator and researcher, Steven Paul Rudolph. It attempts to account for people's natures and personality traits that lead to particular behavioral patterns, especially with respect to their work and learning. The framework helps individuals understand their inner qualities so they can achieve their potential and find success and happiness in life.

## The nine multiple natures

Rudolph has identified nine Natures that are possessed by each person to varying degrees.

### Protective

People with strong protective natures have the tendency to protect themselves, others, bodies, ideas or practices from harm, damage, injury, or loss. They think first and foremost about others' safety and security. They are lovers of justice, and are the first ones to raise their voices when they see anyone being wronged.

Ideal careers: Police officers, lawyers, critics, journalists, social activists, politicians, etc.

### Educative

People with a strong educative nature have the tendency to acquire knowledge, skills, or experience to teach, instruct, guide, or inform others. They find immense pleasure in teaching others and their greatest satisfaction comes from helping someone understand something.

Ideal careers: Teachers, corporate trainers, spiritual masters, etc.

### Administrative

People with a strong administrative nature have the tendency to focus on details, organize and get work accomplished, and delegate responsibility. They have an innate urge to make plans and goals — and to see them through to completion. They are concerned with the details, and are great task masters — creating to-do lists, schedules, and managing people effectively.

Ideal careers: Managers, diplomats, human resource managers, personal assistants, public relations professionals, etc.

### Creative

‘People with a strong creative nature have the tendency to generate original ideas or works that have value,' as defined by renowned British author, Sir Ken Robinson. They are always full of ideas and engage themselves in activities of innovation and invention. They are great in brainstorming sessions, and make excellent problem solvers.

Ideal careers: Artists, writers, fashion designers, R&D professionals, architects, advertising professionals, etc.

### Healing

People with a strong healing nature have the tendency to guide others to recover from physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual imbalance, or pain. They get their greatest pleasure from helping others stay healthy and fit. On hearing about a problem, they are eager to search for the cause as well as for a solution.

Ideal careers: Doctors, massage therapists, counselors, psychologists, etc.

### Entertaining

People with a strong entertaining nature have the tendency to amuse others or attract, focus or maintain people's attention on themselves or their work. They love to entertain others, creating experiences that evoke emotions. They crave being the center of attention — making jokes, singing songs, acting, mimicking, and so on.

Ideal careers: Singers, musicians, dancers, actors, comedians, radio jockeys, magicians, etc.

### Providing

People with a strong Providing Nature have the tendency to invest their time or interests to help, assist or care for others. They have a built-in drive to serve others. They take pleasure in helping others be happy and assisting them in achieving their goals.

Ideal careers: Chefs, waiters, airline hostesses, real estate agents, social workers, etc.

### Entrepreneurial

People with a strong entrepreneurial nature have the tendency to take up projects or create opportunities of a commercial or humanitarian nature, using a high degree of independence, where the reward may be monetary or involve self-satisfaction. Their greatest pleasure comes from creating financial value. Entrepreneurs think in numbers and figures, and are constantly on the move to bring together people, concepts, and capital in a way that generates money.

Ideal careers: Business owners, sales people, marketing professionals, general managers, trade marketing managers, etc.

### Adventurous

People with a strong Adventurous Nature have the tendency to seek out unusual challenges or place themselves far outside the space of what an average person would consider normal or safe. They enjoy putting their minds and bodies to the test to see what is possible. Adventurers get a high from surfing the edge – from exploring the boundaries of life, and their own capabilities.

Ideal careers: Athletes, astronauts, explorers, researchers, etc.

## Core Applications

Rudolph's Multiple Natures model has been applied to parenting, teaching, career counseling and self-discovery. It has implications for classroom teaching and can help teachers understand their students better and design learning activities based on specific interests of each child. The framework also has implications for the corporate sector. It can help organizations find the right people for the right job by identifying employees' closest Nature types and assigning them the work profile that best suits their interests.

## Multiple natures test

Based on the Multiple Natures framework is the Multiple Natures Test, a career test that helps students find their ideal careers and streams based on their unique natures, strengths and abilities.


title: Villa Mansi

abstract: Villa Mansi is a country palace and gardens located in Segromigno in Monte, near Capannori, about 12 kilometers northeast of the city of Lucca in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

text:
# Villa Mansi

**Villa Mansi** is a country palace and gardens located in Segromigno in Monte, near Capannori, about 12 kilometers northeast of the city of Lucca in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

## Biography

The villa was initially constructed in the 16th century by the Benedetti family, who sold the villa to the Cenami family, who included the Abbot Paolo Cenami, in 1599. The architect Muzio Oddi rebuilt the villa and gardens starting in 1634. The unusual facade has two wings flanking a central portico with thin double columns, accessed by a double ramped stairwell. In 1675 the property was acquired by Ottavio Mansi, from a wealthy silk merchant family, and during the 18th century, still owned by this family, the villa underwent major refurbishment under the guidance of the architect Giusti, provided with Rococo touches such as statuary and a roofline balustrade. However, the gardens and fountains/water works were theatrical masterworks designed by Filippo Juvarra. The interiors were painted by Stefano Tofanelli, including mythologic themes such as the *Trial of Midas*, the *Death of Marysias*, and a large ceiling fresco depicting the *Triumph of Apollo*.

The villa and the gardens have been modified in the following centuries. The gardens acquired a more *natural* and less formal layout. The gardens still retain scenic setpieces with grottoes.

The villa and gardens are open to tours. It lies close to Villa Mazzarosa and Villa Torrigiani.

43°53′35″N 10°35′27″E / 43.8931°N 10.5908°E / 43.8931; 10.5908


title: Munster Football Association

abstract: The Munster Football Association (MFA) is the governing body for association football in the Irish province of Munster. It is affiliated to the Football Association of Ireland and is responsible for organising the Munster Senior Cup and the Munster Senior League as well as numerous other leagues and cup competitions for junior teams. There are 13 leagues and approximately 800 teams affiliated with the MFA.

text:
# Munster Football Association

The **Munster Football Association** (**MFA**) is the governing body for association football in the Irish province of Munster. It is affiliated to the Football Association of Ireland and is responsible for organising the Munster Senior Cup and the Munster Senior League as well as numerous other leagues and cup competitions for junior teams. There are 13 leagues and approximately 800 teams affiliated with the MFA.

## History

The MFA was founded in October 1901 and affiliated to the Belfast–based Irish Football Association. In the 1901–02 season the Munster Senior Cup was introduced. According to David Toms there were many civilian and British Army teams based throughout the province, most notably in Cork and Waterford, but also in Limerick and County Tipperary. However the original MFA organising committee was dominated by the British Army, and it fell into abeyance following the outbreak of the First World War. In March 1922 the MFA was re-established with the help of the Dublin–based Football Association of Ireland. One of the prime movers in reforming the association was a former Ireland international and then Fordsons player, Harry Buckle, who became its vice president and chairman.

## Representative games

Munster began playing representative games in as early as 1905. In that year they played an Ulster XI in Cork, losing 3-1. A combined Leinster & Munster team finished as runners up in the 2011 UEFA Regions' Cup. They lost 2–1 to a team representing the Braga Football Association.

## Cup competitions

* Munster Senior Cup \- since 1901–02
* Munster Junior Cup - since (at least) 1922–23
* Munster Youth Cup - since 1925–26
* MFA League Champions Trophy - since 2011–12

## Affiliated leagues

## InfoBox

Munster Football Association
| Formation | originally 1901<br>reformed 1922 |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Turners Cross |
| Location |  |
| Region served | Munster |
| Parent organization | Football Association of Ireland |
| Affiliations | Irish Football Association (1901–1914) |
| Website | http://www.munsterfa.com |


title: Murder of Christopher Alaneme

abstract: Christopher Alaneme was a British murder victim. He was eighteen years old when he was murdered on 21 April 2006 in Sheerness, Kent, England. The convicted killer is Peter Connolly, who was a painter and decorator of Carisbrooke Gardens, Peckham.

text:
# Murder of Christopher Alaneme

**Christopher Alaneme** (1 October 1987 – 21 April 2006) was a British murder victim. He was eighteen years old when he was murdered on 21 April 2006 in Sheerness, Kent, England. The convicted killer is Peter Connolly, who was a painter and decorator of Carisbrooke Gardens, Peckham.

## Biography

Alaneme was born at Farnborough Hospital in Orpington, London, on 1 October 1987. His parents, Gabriel and Agatha Alaneme, moved from Nigeria to live in Britain in the 1970s. He had three sisters, Maryann, 21, Jane, 16, and Grace, 12, and in their early years they lived in Bromley, south-east London. Alaneme left London to escape the violence of the big city and pursue a new life in a coastal town.

He was a family friend of Kele Okereke, singer and guitarist of the band Bloc Party, who wrote their song "Where Is Home?" about his murder and dedicated it to him.

The eighteen-year-old died from a fatal wound to his abdomen. The five men charged with his murder were Londoners who had travelled to Kent that day to stay at a caravan park. They had spent the evening drinking in pubs in Sheerness before crossing the path of Alaneme and his friends in the street at around midnight. Maidstone Crown Court also heard one of the five white men make a racist remark about Alaneme after coming across him following a night's heavy drinking, during which some had taken cocaine. When the black teenager's white friends objected, the gang chased and surrounded Alaneme, fatally stabbing him in his liver, it was alleged.

## Mark Davies

In the space of 90 seconds, Mark Davies, an off-duty taxicab driver who got caught up in their "indiscriminate" violence, the court heard, was also knifed.

Davies, who was out celebrating his birthday, was stabbed five times as he got up from a bench outside the Bar One pub to see what was going on. He received severe injuries which have left him with medical problems he will face for the rest of his life.

## Police investigations

The day after the murder of Alaneme, the police released that a man was arrested over a "gang stabbing" and they believed there were at least four people involved in the attack. On 26 April two men were arrested on suspicion of murder and attempted murder, while police are looking for three other men, possibly from London, in connection with the incident.

In early May, four men, arrested on suspicion of murder and attempted murder, were released on bail. The police still wished to speak to Peter Connolly and were urging anyone who knew of his whereabouts to contact them.

On 12 September 2006, five men were charged with the murder of Alaneme. The defendants were Connolly, 29, a painter and decorator, of Carisbrooke Gardens, Peckham; Andrew Giblin, 26, a bank worker, of Bromyard House, Commercial Way, Peckham; Terence Beaney, 23, a plasterer, of Rideout Street, Woolwich; and brothers Sean Duhig, 23, and Gerry Duhig, 27, both plasterers, of Melbury Drive, Camberwell.

On 29 September 2006, Gerry Duhig, 27, of Camberwell, south London, was given conditional bail after an in-chambers application at Maidstone Crown Court. Four other men remain in custody at Belmarsh Prison after an earlier hearing, accused of fatally stabbing the teenager in Sheerness, in April.

On 27 November 2006, all five men, who are from south east London, pleaded not guilty to murder at Maidstone Crown Court, before a trial date was set for 1 October 2007. Three men – Connolly, Giblin and Beaney – also denied a charge of wounding with intent. They were remanded in custody. Sean and Gerry Duhig, brothers aged 23 and 27, remain on conditional bail.

On 9 October 2007, Connolly, Giblin and Beaney were also charged with wounding with intent after the stabbing of Davies. On 20 November 2007 brothers Sean and Gerry Duhig were cleared of murdering Christopher Alaneme. Three other men from London still standing trial accused of Alaneme's murder. Beaney, Giblin, and Connolly, all deny the charge. They also pleaded not guilty to another charge of wounding with intent in the stabbing of Davies.

## Racism

Police say Alaneme, who was black, was racially abused before the attack. "After speaking to witnesses, we believe there were words said prior to the incident that suggest racial motivation was a factor," said Supt Steve Corbishley.

It also led to a public inquiry, chaired by Sir William Macpherson of Cluny, whose report forced the police and other public bodies to change the way they deal with race issues, hate crimes and murders. But despite the undoubted improvements made in the investigation and handling of racist crime, the number of race-hate incidents reported to the police has continued to grow. Chief constables have argued that the rise in reported racist incidents is a positive development and reflects ethnic minorities' growing confidence in the police to deal with their complaints in a sympathetic and even-handed manner. Last year there were more than 59,000 racist incidents reported to the police, a rise of 12 per cent on the previous year. But the true scale of the problem is far higher. The British Crime Survey estimates that there are more than 200,000 racially motivated incidents every year.

Although there were racial connotations to the events of 21 April, and there was no dispute that racist remarks had been made, the judge, who could have imposed an additional tariff for racial aggravation, determined at a sentencing hearing that this was not a clear racial crime. Because the remarks had not been uttered by Connolly and Connolly had gone on to attack a white man, the judge could not be satisfied that racism was the specific motivation in the murder.

## Connolly's trial and sentence

On 1 October 2007, the trial of Connolly started. A week later, on 9 October 2007, the prosecutor said: "This case isn't about a late night punch up, it's about a group of five friends who in two separate incidents closed in on unarmed men, causing serious injuries to one and death to the other." He added: "These pitiless stabbings were completely without a semblance of justification."

On 10 December 2007, Connolly was found guilty of killing Alaneme. He was also found guilty of wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm to Davies. Giblin and Beaney were cleared of all charges at Maidstone Crown Court. The judge ordered the jury to return a not guilty verdict regarding the Duhig brothers.

On sentencing, Judge Mr Justice Goldring told Connolly: "From the beginning you have not shown the slightest remorse. You sought to mislead the police." With regard to the knife, the judge said: "You must have contemplated its use."

The jury heard how Connolly, who had been visiting Sheerness for the weekend, took drugs and drank heavily, before setting out into Sheerness town centre, already carrying the weapon that killed Alaneme and severely injured Davies. He was sentenced to a minimum of 15 years for murdering Christopher Alaneme, and sentenced for 10 years, to run concurrently, for wounding Davies.