title: Operation Snake

abstract: Operation Snake is the 51st novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services.

text:
# Operation Snake

***Operation Snake*** is the 51st novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services.

## Publishing history

The book was first published in December 1969 (Number A559X) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Jon Messmann., Copyright was registered on 15 December 1969.

## Plot summary

Carter is sent to Nepal on an urgent mission. The King of Nepal is expected to sign a decree allowing increased Chinese immigration into Nepal. AXE fears this will lead to undue influence on Nepal's affairs by communist China. The immigration bill has been promoted by Ghotak, the King's principal advisor, who believes himself to be the inheritor of the spirit of Karkotek, Lord of All Snakes, and an important figure in Nepalese mythology.

Upon arrival in Namche Bazaar Carter is briefed by Harry Angsley of British intelligence who is leaving Nepal due to sudden illness. Carter is followed from his meeting with Angsley by a British journalist, Hilary Cobb, who tries to persuade Carter to let her join him. Carter threatens Cobb and sets off alone to Kathmandu.

In Kathmandu, Carter arrives at the house of Leeunghi – a respected local patriarch and opponent of Khotak. Carter, Leeunghi, and his daughter, Khaleen, plan to disrupt Khotak's next meeting where he intends to incite the audience into a religious frenzy and get them to sign his immigration petition. At the meeting Ghotak reminds the audience of his supernatural mandate; his words and deeds are supported by Karkotek and his foes are destroyed by the Yeti. Leeunghi objects to Ghotak's interpretation and Ghotak responds by challenging Leeunghi to stay overnight in the mountains. If the Yeti does not kill him it is a sign that Ghotak is not telling the truth.

Leeunghi sets off alone into the mountains. When he does not return the next day Carter goes into the mountains to search for him. Carter discovers Leeunghi's body torn limb from limb apparently by some wild animal. Carter challenges Ghotak that he too will spend the night in the mountains to disprove the existence of the Yeti.

As Carter settles in for the night in his camp in the mountains he is disturbed by Hilary Cobb who has followed him. Hilary is attacked by the Yeti and Carter fights it off. Next morning Carter and Hilary discover a company of Chinese soldiers in a remote site awaiting orders from Ghotak. Carter fires his rifle to start an avalanche, which buries the entire company. Carter confronts Ghotak upon his return to Kathmandu.

The next day, Ghotak heads into the mountains for his biweekly meditation. Carter follows but is surprised and captured by Ghotak's henchmen. Ghotak takes Carter to a remote cave where the creature everyone believes to be a Yeti is caged. Ghotak informs Carter that he has raised the creature since it was born 20 years previously. Ghotak allows it out of its cage to feed on animals and humans but it always returns to its cage. Ghotak releases the animal and it chases after Carter. Carter fights it, kills it and drags its body back to Kathmandu.

Carter confronts Ghotak in his temple. Knowing he has lost local support Ghotak flees. As Carter gives chase he falls through a trapdoor into a pit of poisonous snakes. Unable to get out Carter all but gives up until Khaleen jumps into the pit and beats back the snakes. Many of the snakes bite her. Carter escapes carrying Khaleen who dies soon after.

Carter chases Ghotak downriver to a stable. As Carter searches it for Ghotak he steps into a steel animal trap. Ghotak sets fire to bales of hay and attempts to escape. Desperately Carter throws his stiletto and kills Ghotak. Carter pries the trap free and rides back to town.

Carter flies back to England with Hilary Cobb and obtains permission from Hawk for Cobb to file a story on the mission.

## Main characters

* **Nick Carter** – agent N-3, AXE
* **David Hawk** – head of AXE; Carter's boss
* **Hilary Cobb** – journalist, Manchester Journal and Record
* **Ghotak** – advisor to King of Nepal; Head of the Teeoan Temple and Snake Society
* **Leeunghi** – friend of Nepalese royal family; anti-Ghotak supporter
* **Khaleen** – Leeunghi's daughter


title: Operation Smokescreen

abstract: Operation Smokescreen was an American interagency counterterrorist operation to disrupt fundraising by Hezbollah, that took place in early 1995, ending in 2002. The operation involved the Sheriff's Office in Iredell County, North Carolina, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF), Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and the U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS). Detective Sergeant Robert Fromme made repeated observations of a group of men purchasing large quantities of cigarettes, often with $20,000 - $30,000 in cash. The joint counterterrorism operation ended the fundraising operation, resulting in the arrest, trial, and conviction of the cell members. The operation led to the creation of the North Carolina Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF).

text:
# Operation Smokescreen

**Operation Smokescreen** was an American interagency counterterrorist operation to disrupt fundraising by Hezbollah, that took place in early 1995, ending in 2002. The operation involved the Sheriff's Office in Iredell County, North Carolina, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF), Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and the U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS).

Detective Sergeant Robert Fromme made repeated observations of a group of men purchasing large quantities of cigarettes, often with $20,000 - $30,000 in cash. The joint counterterrorism operation ended the fundraising operation, resulting in the arrest, trial, and conviction of the cell members. The operation led to the creation of the North Carolina Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF).

## Hezbollah operations

Hezbollah cell leader Mohamad Youssef Hammoud was denied a travel visa by the US embassy in Syria, after which he traveled to Venezuela. After purchasing a forged travel visa, arrived in New York City in 1992. By 1995, Hammoud set up operations in Charlotte, North Carolina, working at a local pizza restaurant. At least two additional members of the Hezbollah Charlotte cell entered the United States with false travel visas from Venezuela purchased for $200, and three had travel visas issued in Cyprus. Half the cell members were born in Lebanon, and the other half were US-born, of Lebanese descent. Early in the spring of 1995, Detective Robert Fromme, working a second job at the tobacco wholesaler JR Discount (in Statesville, North Carolina), observed the cell purchasing massive quantities of cigarettes, paying for them in cash. The cash was usually carried in large grocery bags, containing as much as $20,000 to $30,000 at a time.

## Surveillance

Detective Fromme continued to monitor the purchases for several months, and determined cell members were transporting the cigarette cartons across state lines, in violation of federal laws. Each of the four men Fromme was watching purchased 299 cartons of cigarettes, the legal limit permitted without filing legal paperwork. Cigarettes were moved from North Carolina to Tennessee and Virginia. Fromme notified John Lorick, of the Charlotte ATF. ATF officials informed Fromme that cigarette trafficking was likely an attempt to sell the merchandise for as much as twice the price in states such as Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania \- which had considerably higher taxes on tobacco. North Carolina's tax on cigarettes was five cents, whereas it was seventy-five cents in Michigan at the time. The Hezbollah cell was selling the cigarettes through "front store" operations, and to local convenience stores in Dearborn, Michigan, with a price difference between North Carolina and Michigan ranging from $8.00 - $10.00 per carton. Each 680-mile cigarette smuggling trip to Michigan carried between 800 and 1,500 cartons of cigarettes, worth between $3,000 and $10,000. Some cell members fraudulently secured a $1.6 million loan from the federal government's Small Business Administration, which funded the opening of a gas station.

The Iredell County Sheriff's Office signed a memorandum of understanding with the Charlotte ATF, permitting the formal collaboration between the two agencies. As a result, Detective Fromme was officially reassigned to the ATF. Additional federal agencies were assigned to the case, including the Diplomatic Security Service, and Immigration and Naturalization Service. The FBI, which had already been wiretapping communications of two of the cell members, apparently without the knowledge of local law enforcement, also participated in the joint operations. In all, sixteen law enforcement and intelligence services from state, local, and federal agencies contributed to the operation, including the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). Surveillance was run from an empty storefront across from the JR Discount wholesaler building. The cell was secretly followed by a team of five vehicles, which took turns driving behind the cigarette smugglers. "As an extra precaution, the agents sometimes changed clothes and switched license plates during pit stops."

## Raid

The assembled joint task force penetrated the Hezbollah cell, developing more than ten informants from within the group, as well as from a pool of witnesses. Informants were gleaned from cell staff members, including drivers, smugglers, and even spouses. Simultaneous raids in North Carolina and Michigan at 6:00 a.m. on July 20, 2000 captured many cell members and accomplices. A total of 18 arrest warrants were executed. The arrest of Said Muhammad Harb provided invaluable insights into the structure of the Hezbollah cell, its members, and operations. In exchange for his cooperation, Harb received a lighter sentence, and his family was relocated from Lebanon to the United States. At least 230 local, state, and federal agents participated in the raids.

## Outcome

Hezbollah members from the Charlotte cell were arrested, tried, and convicted in a federal court in Charlotte, North Carolina. The case brought against the cell included "copyright violations, cigarette tax violations, counterfeit violations... bank scams, bribery, credit card fraud, immigration fraud, identity theft, tax evasion, and money laundering," and "material support to a terrorist organization." Federal courts estimate the cell collected a total of $8 million, funneled through some 500 different bank accounts. The Hezbollah cell also purchased and shipped "Night vision goggles and scopes, Surveying equipment, Global Positioning Systems, Metal detection equipment, Video equipment, Aircraft analysis & design software, Military compasses, Binoculars, Naval equipment, Ultrasonic dog repellers, Laser range finders, Digital cameras, zoom lenses, Computer equipment (laptops, high-speed modems; processors, joysticks, plotters, scanners, and printers), Stun guns, Handheld radios & receivers, Cellular telephones, Nitrogen cutters, Mining, drilling & blasting equipment" to the Middle East, for use by Hezbollah, mostly purchased by Harb. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud, the cell's leader, was sentenced to 155 years in federal prison. Hammoud's older brother, Shawqi Youssef, (a.k.a. "Bassem"), and "right-hand man" received a prison sentence of 70 years. Overall, 26 people were indicted in the operation. The Operation Smokescreen case is the first conviction for the violation of federal code 2339B, "Providing material support or resources to designated foreign terrorist organizations". Similar cases were later uncovered in Asheville, North Carolina, and Louisville, Kentucky.

## Footnotes

## Sources


title: Operation Snow Flurry

abstract: Operation Snow Flurry was an operation by the United States Air Force that consisted of B-47 Stratojet bombers flying from South Carolina to England to perform mock bomb drops. Data would be received on the ground from the planes, and this would later be used to track the accuracy of the mock drops. Aircraft involved would then fly to Strategic Air Command airfields in North Africa. In 1958, a B-47 en route from Hunter Air Force Base accidentally dropped a Mark 6 nuclear bomb over Mars Bluff, South Carolina, which was not nuclear-armed but there was a conventional explosives detonation which damaged nearby buildings. Live bombs were carried on board in case the planes had to activate for a wartime situation, but had their fissile nuclear cores removed and could not cause a nuclear detonation.

text:
# Operation Snow Flurry

**Operation Snow Flurry** was an operation by the United States Air Force that consisted of B-47 Stratojet bombers flying from South Carolina to England to perform mock bomb drops. Data would be received on the ground from the planes, and this would later be used to track the accuracy of the mock drops. Aircraft involved would then fly to Strategic Air Command airfields in North Africa. In 1958, a B-47 en route from Hunter Air Force Base accidentally dropped a Mark 6 nuclear bomb over Mars Bluff, South Carolina, which was not nuclear-armed but there was a conventional explosives detonation which damaged nearby buildings. Live bombs were carried on board in case the planes had to activate for a wartime situation, but had their fissile nuclear cores removed and could not cause a nuclear detonation.


abstract: Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 6, also known as Spades Park Library (Carnegie), is a historic Carnegie library located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built in 1911–1912, and is a two-story, L-shaped, Italian Renaissance style masonry building on a raised basement. It has a terra cotta tile hipped roof, decorative brickwork, limestone accents, and elements of American Craftsman and Arts and Crafts style decorative elements. It was one of five libraries constructed from the $120,000 the Carnegie Foundation gave the City of Indianapolis in 1909 to be used towards the construction of six branch libraries. The library remains in operation as the Spades Park Branch of the Indianapolis Public Library. The Spades Library underwent an extensive restoration in 1987. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

text:
# Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 6

**Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 6**, also known as **Spades Park Library (Carnegie)**, is a historic Carnegie library located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built in 1911–1912, and is a two-story, L-shaped, Italian Renaissance style masonry building on a raised basement. It has a terra cotta tile hipped roof, decorative brickwork, limestone accents, and elements of American Craftsman and Arts and Crafts style decorative elements. It was one of five libraries constructed from the $120,000 the Carnegie Foundation gave the City of Indianapolis in 1909 to be used towards the construction of six branch libraries. The library remains in operation as the Spades Park Branch of the Indianapolis Public Library.

The Spades Library underwent an extensive restoration in 1987. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 6 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Spades Park Branch, December 2015 | |
|  | |
| Location | 1801 Nowland Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Coordinates | 39°47′06″N 86°07′45″W / 39.78500°N 86.12917°W / 39.78500; -86.12917 |
| Area | Less than 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1911 (1911)-1912 |
| Architect | Parker, Wilson B. |
| Architectural style | Renaissance Revival, Craftsman, Arts and Crafts |
| NRHP reference No. | 16000078 |
| Added to NRHP | March 15, 2016 |


abstract: Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3, also known as East Washington Branch Library, is a historic Carnegie library located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built between 1909 and 1911, and is a one-story, rectangular, Tudor Revival style dark red brick building on a raised basement. It has a truncated hipped roof behind a castellated parapet, and features terra cotta details and two hooded monk sculptures by Alexander Sangernebo. It was one of five libraries constructed from the $120,000 the Carnegie Foundation gave the city of Indianapolis in 1909 to be used towards the construction of six branch libraries. The other buildings include the Indianapolis Public Branch Library No. 6 and the Hawthorne Branch Library No. 2. A full renovation of the library was carried out in 1978 at a cost of $200,000. During a 2003 renovation, the interior was recarpeted and the metal entry doors, which were put in during the 1978 renovation, were replaced with custom oak doors modeled after the original doors. Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3 retains a high level of architectural integrity and continues to serve the community in its original role. The library remains in operation as the East Washington Branch of the Indianapolis Public Library. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The library was closed for renovation in 2016 and reopened in February 2017. The $2.4 million renovations included an addition at the rear of building that included a 2,200-square-foot (200 m⁲) computer room and an elevator to make the library compliant with the American Disabilities Act, the last branch in the library system to become compliant. The project also created community space in the basement and updated the restrooms.

text:
# Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3

**Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3**, also known as **East Washington Branch Library**, is a historic Carnegie library located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built between 1909 and 1911, and is a one-story, rectangular, Tudor Revival style dark red brick building on a raised basement. It has a truncated hipped roof behind a castellated parapet, and features terra cotta details and two hooded monk sculptures by Alexander Sangernebo. It was one of five libraries constructed from the $120,000 the Carnegie Foundation gave the city of Indianapolis in 1909 to be used towards the construction of six branch libraries. The other buildings include the Indianapolis Public Branch Library No. 6 (now the Spades Park Branch Library) and the Hawthorne Branch Library No. 2. A full renovation of the library was carried out in 1978 at a cost of $200,000. During a 2003 renovation, the interior was recarpeted and the metal entry doors, which were put in during the 1978 renovation, were replaced with custom oak doors modeled after the original doors. Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3 retains a high level of architectural integrity and continues to serve the community in its original role. The library remains in operation as the East Washington Branch of the Indianapolis Public Library.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The library was closed for renovation in 2016 and reopened in February 2017. The $2.4 million renovations included an addition at the rear of building that included a 2,200-square-foot (200 m2) computer room and an elevator to make the library compliant with the American Disabilities Act, the last branch in the library system to become compliant. The project also created community space in the basement and updated the restrooms.

Media related to Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Indianapolis Public Library Branch No. 3, April 2016 | |
|  | |
| Location | 2822 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Coordinates | 39°46′07″N 86°06′57″W / 39.76861°N 86.11583°W / 39.76861; -86.11583 |
| Area | Less than 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1909 (1909)-1911 |
| Architect | Foltz and Parker |
| Architectural style | Tudor Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 16000077 |
| Added to NRHP | March 15, 2016 |


title: Operation Duryodhana (film)

abstract: Operation Duryodhana is a 2007 Indian Telugu political thriller film, loosely inspired by the 2005 sting operation of the same name. The movie was written and directed by Posani Krishna Murali starring Srikanth in lead role. The movie was a box office success, and Srikanth earned a nomination for Filmfare Best Actor – Telugu for his portrayal in the movie. The film was remade in Tamil as Thee. It was also dubbed into Hindi as Operation Dhuryodhana. An unrelated sequel to the film, Operation Duryodhana 2, released in 2013 under the direction of Nandam Harischandra Rao with Jagapathi Babu in lead role.

text:
# Operation Duryodhana (film)

***Operation Duryodhana*** is a 2007 Indian Telugu political thriller film, loosely inspired by the 2005 sting operation of the same name. The movie was written and directed by Posani Krishna Murali starring Srikanth in lead role. The movie was a box office success, and Srikanth earned a nomination for Filmfare Best Actor – Telugu for his portrayal in the movie. The film was remade in Tamil as *Thee*. It was also dubbed into Hindi as *Operation Dhuryodhana*. An unrelated sequel to the film, *Operation Duryodhana 2*, released in 2013 under the direction of Nandam Harischandra Rao with Jagapathi Babu in lead role.

## Plot

Mahesh (Srikanth) is a sincere and honest police officer. He loses his kids and his wife gets paralyzed as few politicians who don't like his sincerity harm his family. Mahesh changes his appearance and name to join the gang of politicians to become one. The rest of the story is about how he makes people realize that there is some fault in the system.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

* "Rao Gari Annayya", Music:M.M. Srilekha
* "Ek Baar Dekho", Music:M.M. Srilekha

## Reception

A critic from *Idlebrain.com* wrote that "Posani Krishna Murali's work is far better compared to his earlier film Sravanamasam, but not good enough".

## InfoBox

| Operation Duryodhana | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Posani Krishna Murali |
| Written by | Posani Krishna Murali |
| Produced by | Posani Krishna Murali
A. Mallikarjuna Rao |
| Starring | Srikanth |
| Cinematography | Raja |
| Edited by | Gautham Raju |
| Music by | M. M. Srilekha |
| Production
company | Aman International Movies |
| Release date | * 31 May 2007 (2007-05-31) (India) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Operation Traira

abstract: Operation Traíra was the response of the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the Colombian Army, to an attack on their detachment on the bank of the Traíra River by FARC in February 1991.

text:
# Operation Traira

**Operation Traíra** was the response of the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the Colombian Army, to an attack on their detachment on the bank of the Traíra River by FARC in February 1991.

## Background

The Traíra Detachment had been established in May 1990, 300 miles north of Tabatinga on the Traíra River, which forms part of the border between Brazil and Colombia. Its purpose was to confront the lawless situation in the region caused by the presence of illegal Brazilian and Colombian gold miners. It was under the command of the then 1st Border Command of the 1st Special Border Battalion, Tabatinga. Their mission was to maintain law and order by deporting Colombian miners and stopping Brazilian miners from entering the area.

## Guerrilla incursion

On February 26, 1991, a group of 40 guerrillas of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, who called itself "Simón Bolívar Command", crossed the border from Colombia to Brazil and raided the Traíra detachment of the Brazilian Army, which was in semi-permanent installations and had only 17 troops, less than the attacking guerrilla column. The action is regarded as the first attack on Brazilian soil since the 1864 invasion on Dourados during the Paraguayan War.

The attack began during lunch time when the guerrillas first shot the two armed sentinels on duty, killing them at the same time with sniper shots. Then two different groups of attackers advanced on the compound while a third group provided cover fire. It was later revealed that the guerrillas had been in contact with two women who had been detained by the garrison previously for an investigation but were subsequently released. The two women, who were present at the time of the attack, helped the guerrillas identify key targets in the compound, resulting in a very effective attack.

Intelligence operations claim that the attack was motivated by repression by the border detachment of illegal mining in the region, one of FARC's funding sources. During the attack three Brazilian soldiers died and nine were injured. Two illegal Colombian miners who were detained at the camp also died. Various weapons, ammunition and equipment were stolen, and the radios used for communications were destroyed.

The compound was very isolated, and now, completely cutoff from headquarters communications. It wasn't until three days later, when a new detachment arrived to relieve the personnel on duty, that the attack became known to the Brazilian Army.

## Military response

Immediately the Brazilian Armed Forces, authorized by President Fernando Collor de Mello and with the knowledge and support of Colombian President César Gaviria, secretly unleashed Operation Traíra, in order to recover the stolen arms and discourage further attacks.

### Brazilian Air Force

The Brazilian Air Force supported Operation Traíra with six transport helicopters H-1H, six ground attack aircraft AT-27 Tucano and C-130 Hercules and C-115 Buffalo logistics support aircraft.

### Brazilian Navy

The Brazilian Navy supported the Traíra operation with a river patrol ship, based in Vila Bittencourt, cooperating with the logistical support and ensuring the security of the region.

### Brazilian Army

The Brazilian Army sent its main elite troops, special forces elements and commandos of the Battalion of Special Forces (current 1st Battalion of Special Forces and the 1st Command Action Battalion), as well as jungle warriors before 1st Special Battalion Border, to attack the guerrilla base that was in Colombian territory, near the border. They were also supported by soldiers of the 1st Jungle Infantry Battalion, the main unit of the Amazon Military Command. The Army Aviation Command was present by providing the means of transport used by the combatants employed in the mission, four maneuvering helicopters Eurocopter AS565 Panther, 2 recognition helicopters and Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil attack.

### Colombian Army

The Colombian Army supported the Traíra operation with the battalion Bejarano Muñoz, which is believed to have blocked the escape route of the guerrillas if they tried to escape the Brazilian Army attack.

## Aftermath

The balance of operation Traíra was sixty-two guerrillas killed, more than one hundred captured, and most weapons and equipment being recovered. Since then, there were neither raids of the FARC in Brazil, nor attacks on Brazilian military.

## InfoBox

| Operation Traíra | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Colombian conflict and War on Drugs | |
|
Former areas of operation of the FARC | |
| Date February-March, 1991  Location Amazonas state, Taraíra River in Brazilian-Colombian border.  Result Guerrilla attack on the Brazilian Army border post on February 26. Immediate and decisive response from the Brazilian government.
* Operation in response the Brazilian Armed Forces with support from the Colombian government. * Successful Brazilian military operation. | |
| Belligerents | |
| Brazil
Colombia | FARC
* Comando Simón Bolívar |
| Commanders and leaders | |
|  | Unknown |
| Strength | |
| **Brazil**:
16 helicopters
6 AT-27 Tucano

**Colombia**:
1 infantry battalion | 200 guerrillas (40 guerrillas entered Brazilian territory) |
| Casualties and losses | |
| **Brazil**:
Before the operation:

3 killed
9 wounded
**Colombia**:
unknown | 62+ killed (12 dead in Brazilian territory)
150+ wounded & captured |
| 2 civilians killed | |


title: Inebny

abstract: Inebny, also called Amenemnekhu was an ancient Egyptian official of the New Kingdom, in office under the ruling queen Hatshepsut of the 18th Dynasty. Inebny/Amenemnekhu was viceroy of Kush, therefore one of the most important officials at the royal court, ruling the Nubian provinces. Inebny/Amenemnekhu is first attested in year 18 of the queen; a further dated inscription belongs to year 20, while around year 22/23 a certain Nehi was appointed to become viceroy of Kush. Inebny/Amenemnekhu bears two names. For a long time it was thought that these names refer to two different people. An inscription dated to year 20 under Thutmose III showed however, that both names refer to one and the same person. In inscriptions, his name is often erased, providing evidence that he fell into dishonor at the end of his career. A block statue of him is stored in the British Museum (EA1131) although it is not on display. Inebny/Amenemnekhu is known from many rock inscriptions in Nubia. Little is known about his family. Only his brother, the deputy (idnw) and overseer of the ges-per Saimau is known.

text:
# Inebny

**Inebny**, also called **Amenemnekhu** was an ancient Egyptian official of the New Kingdom, in office under the ruling queen Hatshepsut (about 1508–1458 BC) of the 18th Dynasty. Inebny/Amenemnekhu was viceroy of Kush, therefore one of the most important officials at the royal court, ruling the Nubian provinces (*Kush* is the Ancient Egyptian name for Nubia). Inebny/Amenemnekhu is first attested in year 18 of the queen; a further dated inscription belongs to year 20, while around year 22/23 a certain Nehi was appointed to become viceroy of Kush. Inebny/Amenemnekhu bears two names.

For a long time it was thought that these names refer to two different people. An inscription dated to year 20 under Thutmose III showed however, that both names refer to one and the same person. In inscriptions, his name is often erased, providing evidence that he fell into dishonor at the end of his career. A block statue of him is stored in the British Museum (EA1131) although it is not on display. Inebny/Amenemnekhu is known from many rock inscriptions in Nubia. Little is known about his family. Only his brother, the *deputy* (*idnw*) and *overseer of the ges-per* Saimau is known.

1. Block statue EA1131 of Inebny at the British Museum
2. Davies, W.V., *Tombos and the Viceroy Inebny/Amenemnekhu*, BMSAES (2008), 39-63
3. JJ Shirley: *The Power of the Elite: The Officials of Hatshepsut's Regency and Coregency*, in: J. Galán, B. M. Bryan, P. F. Dorman (eds.): *Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut*, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 69, Chicago 2014, ISBN 978-1-61491-024-4, 223-24

## InfoBox

| Inebny, also called Amenemnekhu | |
| --- | --- |
| Viceroy of Kush | |
| Inscription from a block statue of Inebny, now in the British Museum | |
| Predecessor | Penre |
| Successor | Nehi |
| Dynasty | 18th Dynasty |
| Pharaoh | Hatshepsut |


title: Inebu-hedj

abstract: Inebu-hedj was one of 42 nomes in Ancient Egypt.

text:
# Inebu-hedj

**Inebu-hedj** (*White Walls*, also **Inbu-Hedj**, *White fortress*) was one of 42 nomes (administrative division) in Ancient Egypt.

|  |
| --- |
| Inebu-hedj<br>in hieroglyphs |
|  |
|  |
|  |

## Geography

Northern Ancient Egypt was known as *mḥw*, which means "north". Inebu-hedj was one of the 20 nomes in Lower Egypt and it was designated as district number 1, the primary district.

The *Niwt* (main city) was *Menefer* or Memphis (part of modern Mit Rahina). Saqqara was among the other cities of the region.

## History

Every nome was ruled by a nomarch (provincial governor) who answered directly to the king.

Every *niwt* had a *Hut netjer* (temple) dedicated to the chief deity as well as a *Heqa hut* (nomarch's residence).

The main deity of the district was Horus. Apis, Hathor, Isis, Nefertem, Ptah, Seker, and Sekhmet were among others worshiped as major deities in the nome.

As of 2017, the area is part of the Cairo Governorate.

* Helck, Wolfgang ; Westendorf, Wolfhart: *Lexikon der Ägyptologie*. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1977. ISBN 3-447-01876-3


title: Indiana Health Law Review

abstract: The Indiana Health Law Review is a biannual student-edited law review at Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. Its primary focus is health law and related topics including bioethics, medical malpractice issues, managed care, competition law, health care organizations, medical-legal research, legal medicine, food and drug issues, and other current health-related legal topics.

text:
# Indiana Health Law Review

The ***Indiana Health Law Review*** is a biannual student-edited law review at Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. Its primary focus is health law and related topics including bioethics, medical malpractice issues, managed care, competition law, health care organizations, medical-legal research, legal medicine, food and drug issues, and other current health-related legal topics.

## InfoBox

*Indiana Health Law Review*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Health law |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2004-present |
| Publisher | Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law (United States) |
| Frequency | Biannually |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Indiana Health Law Rev.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1549-3199
 |
| LCCN | 2004212209 |
| OCLC no. | 54703225 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal

abstract: The Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal is an artificial waterway on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in East Chicago, Indiana, which connects the Grand Calumet River to Lake Michigan. It consists of two branch canals, the 1.25 miles (2.01 km) Lake George Branch and the 2 miles (3.2 km) long Grand Calumet River Branch which join to form the main Indiana Harbor Canal. The canal also functions as a harbor. The outer harbor is sheltered by two bulkheads marked by lights including the Indiana Harbor East Breakwater Light. Ships enter the outer harbor from the north. The inner harbor consists of the canal itself. The entrance to the outer harbor lies near Indiana Shoals, which extend up to 5 miles offshore, where water depths are as shallow as 15 feet. In 2002, Indiana Harbor was the 45th busiest harbor in the United States, handling almost 13,300,000 short tons of cargo. Foreign trade accounted for only 500,000 short tons of that. Indiana Harbor is maintained by the Chicago District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, as authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1913.

text:
# Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal

The **Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal** is an artificial waterway on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in East Chicago, Indiana, which connects the Grand Calumet River to Lake Michigan. It consists of two branch canals, the 1.25 miles (2.01 km) Lake George Branch and the 2 miles (3.2 km) long Grand Calumet River Branch which join to form the main Indiana Harbor Canal.

The canal also functions as a harbor (Indiana Harbor). The outer harbor is sheltered by two bulkheads marked by lights including the Indiana Harbor East Breakwater Light. Ships enter the outer harbor from the north. The inner harbor consists of the canal itself. The entrance to the outer harbor lies near Indiana Shoals, which extend up to 5 miles offshore, where water depths are as shallow as 15 feet.

In 2002, Indiana Harbor was the 45th busiest harbor in the United States, handling almost 13,300,000 short tons (12,000,000 metric tons) of cargo. Foreign trade accounted for only 500,000 short tons (450,000 metric tons) of that. Indiana Harbor is maintained by the Chicago District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, as authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1913.

## History

The canal and harbor were built over several years beginning in 1901. On March 26, 1901, Inland Steel Company accepted an offer from the Lake Michigan Land Company of 50 acres (200,000 square metres; 20 hectares) of free land along with a promise of construction of a harbor and railroad. For its part, Inland Steel agreed to construct a steel mill there that would cost no less than one million dollars. The shortline railway connecting this area to other rail lines is still known as the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad.

Marktown, Clayton Mark's planned worker community, is located at Indiana Harbor.

## Economy

### Manufacturing

Indiana Harbor and Canal lies in a heavily industrial area which includes Cleveland-Cliffs two Indiana Harbor Works facilities. On the west side of the canal is the former Youngstown \- J & L \- LTV Steel \- ISG steel mill. On the east side of the canal is the other Indiana Harbor Works, once known as Inland Steel Company, then Ispat Inland. BP's refinery in Whiting is nearby.

The harbor allows transport of iron ore (taconite pellets) and limestone to the steel mills from the mines and quarries of the upper Midwest through the Great Lakes. Other commodities include coke, gypsum, steel, cement and concrete, petroleum products, and miscellaneous bulk products.

The harbor is ranked first in tonnage among the 25 federal commercial harbors on Lake Michigan, and second in tonnage of the 55 Federal commercial harbors on the Great Lakes.

## Environmental issues

Ninety percent of the water which passes through the Canal originates as industrial outflow or stormwater overflow. Historic contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals has put the canal under the EPA's Grand Calumet River Area of Concern (AoC)—the only AoC to be listed impaired in all 14 beneficial use categories. Because of this sediment contamination, no dredging has taken place in the harbor since 1972, when the USEPA determined the previous sediment disposal method of open water disposal in Lake Michigan to be unacceptable. Lacking any alternative disposal location, the harbor and canal have accumulated a backlog of approximately 1,000,000 cubic yards (760,000 m3) of sediment, which hinders deep draft commercial navigation. Shipping capacity has been reduced by 15%, increasing shipping costs. The contaminated sediment also leads to further pollution of Lake Michigan, as sediments containing 67,000 pounds (30,000 kg) of chromium, 100,000 pounds (45,000 kg) of lead, and 420 pounds (190 kg) of PCBs reach the lake each year through the waterway.

The Chicago District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in partnership with the East Chicago Waterway Management District, initiated plans for a dredging and disposal project for sediment at the harbor in the 1990s. The nearby site of a former Energy Cooperative, Inc. (ECI) refinery, which is also an open USEPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) site, was selected as the location for a confined disposal facility (CDF) to safely contain the contaminated sediment. Despite some local environmental justice concerns over the close proximity of the CDF to two low-income public schools, construction of the facility began in spring 2002. Dredging activities were set to begin upon completion of the CDF, and planned to be carried out over a period of 10 years to finally return the harbor to its authorized dredge depths, with an additional 20 years of maintenance dredging to remove future accumulated sediments. The total cost of the project was originally estimated at $180 million. Dredging did not, however, commence until 2012, fully forty years after the canal was last dredged. Phase 1 dredging was completed in November 2020. Construction of Phase 2 began in July 2021 and is expected to continue until November 2023.

## Further reading

* Perry, W.A. (1979) *A History of Inland Steel Company And The Indiana Harbor Works* (booklet)

## InfoBox

| Indiana Harbor Canal | |
| --- | --- |
| Aerial view of Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal | |
| Location | East Chicago, Indiana |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 41°40′06″N 87°26′25″W / 41.6684°N 87.4402°W / 41.6684; -87.4402 |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 6.75 miles (10.86 km) |
| Locks | None |
| Status | Open |
| Geography | |
| Start point | Lake Michigan |
| End point | Grand Calumet River |
| Branch(es) | Grand Calumet River Branch
Lake George Branch |


title: Ingakslugwat Hills

abstract: The Ingakslugwat Hills volcanic field is in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. It contains eight large craters and about thirty small pyroclastic cones in an area of some 500 km⁲. The field contains unusual so-called "Ingakslugwat volcanoes", volcanic ridges up to 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long and 400 metres (1,300 ft) high which are formed by pyroclastic material. They most likely formed by the interaction of permafrost with magma, seeing as they have a hydrovolcanic nature despite being high above the water table. The field is located 35 miles (56 km) north of Baird Inlet. The volcanoes rise 600 feet (180 m) over the surrounding plains and often contain small crater lakes. The height of the cones ranges 8–190 metres (26–623 ft). The volcanoes were active between 1 million and 700,000 years ago, but the latest activity may be of Holocene age. The volcanoes are formed by basaltic rocks. Other Quaternary volcanic centres in the region are Nelson Island and the Kusilvak Mountains. Olivine basalt is the principal volcanic rock but basanite and nephelinite are also found.

text:
# Ingakslugwat Hills

The **Ingakslugwat Hills** volcanic field is in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. It contains eight large craters and about thirty small pyroclastic cones in an area of some 500 km2. The field contains unusual so-called "Ingakslugwat volcanoes", volcanic ridges up to 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long and 400 metres (1,300 ft) high which are formed by pyroclastic material. They most likely formed by the interaction of permafrost with magma, seeing as they have a hydrovolcanic nature despite being high above the water table.

The field is located 35 miles (56 km) north of Baird Inlet. The volcanoes rise 600 feet (180 m) over the surrounding plains and often contain small crater lakes. The height of the cones ranges 8–190 metres (26–623 ft). The volcanoes were active between 1 million and 700,000 years ago, but the latest activity may be of Holocene age. The volcanoes are formed by basaltic rocks. Other Quaternary volcanic centres in the region are Nelson Island and the Kusilvak Mountains.

Olivine basalt is the principal volcanic rock but basanite and nephelinite are also found.

### Sources

1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1988, p. 45.

## InfoBox

| Ingakslugwat Hills | |
| --- | --- |
| Landsat image | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 623 ft (190 m) |
| Listing | List of volcanoes in the United States of America |
| Coordinates | 61°22′13″N 163°59′13″W / 61.37028°N 163.98694°W / 61.37028; -163.98694 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Alaska, United States |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Holocene |
| Mountain type | Cinder cones |
| Last eruption | Unknown |


title: Opp Amaryllis!

abstract: Opp Amaryllis! is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's songs from his 1791 collection, Fredman's Songs, where it is No. 31. The song is a graceful pastorale in rococo style, involving a sleeping nymph who is invited to come fishing upon the sea's stormy wave. In reality, the nymph is a Swedish woman, Wilhelmina Norman, the stormy wave is a Swedish waterway, and the progression from shore to fishing-boat can equally well be read as a seduction. It is one of Bellman's best-known and best-loved songs, and has been recorded by musicians including Folke Andersson and Edvard Andreasson.

text:
# Opp Amaryllis!

**Opp Amaryllis!** (Up, Amaryllis!) is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's songs from his 1791 collection, *Fredman's Songs*, where it is No. 31. The song is a graceful pastorale in rococo style, involving a sleeping nymph who is invited to come fishing upon the sea's stormy wave. In reality, the nymph is a Swedish woman, Wilhelmina Norman, the stormy wave is a Swedish waterway, and the progression from shore to fishing-boat can equally well be read as a seduction. It is one of Bellman's best-known and best-loved songs, and has been recorded by musicians including Folke Andersson and Edvard Andreasson.

## Context

Carl Michael Bellman is a central figure in the Swedish ballad tradition and a powerful influence in Swedish music, known for his 1790 *Fredman's Epistles* and his 1791 *Fredman's Songs*. A solo entertainer, he played the cittern, accompanying himself as he performed his songs at the royal court.

Jean Fredman (1712 or 1713–1767) was a real watchmaker of Bellman's Stockholm. The fictional Fredman, alive after 1767, but without employment, is the supposed narrator in Bellman's epistles and songs. The epistles, written and performed in different styles, from drinking songs and laments to pastorales, paint a complex picture of the life of the city during the 18th century. A frequent theme is the demimonde, with Fredman's cheerfully drunk Order of Bacchus, a loose company of ragged men who favour strong drink and prostitutes. At the same time as depicting this realist side of life, Bellman creates a rococo picture, full of classical allusion, following the French post-Baroque poets. The women, including the beautiful Ulla Winblad, are "nymphs", while Neptune's festive troop of followers and sea-creatures sport in Stockholm's waters. The juxtaposition of elegant and low life is humorous, sometimes burlesque, but always graceful and sympathetic. The songs are "most ingeniously" set to their music, which is nearly always borrowed and skilfully adapted. The eponymous character Amaryllis is taken from classical tales. In Ancient Greek literature, Theocritus's *Idylls* portray a goatherd singing a serenade outside the cave of the nymph Amaryllis. In Ancient Roman literature, Amaryllis was a heroine in Virgil's *Eclogues*, a suite of pastoral poems.

## Song

### Melody and verse form

The song is in **3**
**4** time and is marked *Menuetto*. It has 4 verses, each consisting of 11 lines; lines 2-7 are short. The rhyming pattern of each verse is AA-B-CCC-B-DDD-B. No source has been identified for the melody, which may well have been composed by Bellman himself.

### Lyrics

The song, headed "Om fiskafänget" ("About catching fish"), is dated 1773, and was written for Bellman's opera *Fiskarena*. The song invites the sleeping nymph, in reality Wilhelmina Norman (who Bellman courted in the summer of 1773), to awaken and come fishing. The waterways, too, are Swedish, with familiar fish like pike.

Verse translations of the second stanza of song 31
| Carl Michael Bellman, 1791 | Charles Wharton Stork, 1917 | Hendrik Willem Van Loon, 1939 | Paul Britten Austin, 1977 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kom nu och fiska, noten är bunden,
Kom nu på stunden,
Följ mig åt;
Kläd på dig tröjan,
Kjorteln och slöjan;
Gäddan och löjan
Ställ försåt.
Vakna Amaryllis lilla, vakna;
Lät mig ej ditt glada sällskap sakna;
Bland Delphiner och Sirener nakna
Sku vi nu plaska med vår lilla båt. | Let's go a-fishing—nets are all spread now—
Mope not in bed now,
Quickly rise!
Come thou, all bodiced,
Kirtled so modest;
Fish of the oddest
Be our prize!
Amaryllis, little one, awaken,—
Lacking thee, of joy I'm quite forsaken;
From our boat the spray will soon be shaken,
As mid the dolphins and sirens it flies. | Let's go a-fishing, nets are now spread, oh,
Leave your cozy bed
and follow me.
Fasten your placket,
Put on your jacket,
Stop now all the racket,
Hear my plea.
Amaryllis, waken little one,
Without you life is robbed of mirth and fun.
Let's follow dolphins and with sirens run,
And in our skiff, splash and dance over the sea. | Come, come a-fishing! Ready our rod is;
Fasten thy bodice,
Skirt and coat.
Cease then thy railing
Little availing;
Perch, pike and grayling
Greedy float.
Fairest Amaryllis, do not fly me,
Nor the pleasure of these hours deny me.
Where the dolphin rolls on billow briny
Let us be splashing in our little boat. |

## Reception and legacy

The Bellman scholar Lars Lönnroth calls the song a graceful pastorale in rococo style. He notes that people have taken his pastoral songs, of which this is "the best known", as completely conventional works following the classical template of a shepherd-poet in pursuit of his fair nymph. It indeed begins, Lönnroth writes, as an *aubade* or morning song, like a medieval Provençal troubadour's. The young fisherman wakens his beloved and, in the first stanza, asks her to come fishing with him in an Arcadian landscape peopled with mythic figures, including Morpheus the god of sleep and Neptune, god of the sea. In the next stanza, he bids her dress herself; in the third, to fetch her fishing-tackle, and in the last stanza to climb into his boat. This plays out as a simple sequence of theatrical scenes. But, writes Lönnroth, it can equally well be read as a seduction. The last stanza drops the pretence of going out to catch pike, and states openly that "Love shall rule/In our chests." The seascape, too, he writes, has suddenly changed from calm to stormy; but the shepherd sings that he can find comfort "In thy calm embrace." Lönnroth observes that in Fredman's Epistle No. 25, "Blåsen nu alla", Bellman goes further into full-blown grotesque, sharply contrasting the classical imagery with the drunken orgiastic reality; but in "Opp Amaryllis!", the poet shows his skill in creating drama from a simple shepherd-poem, and undermining the pastoral with discreet hints of storms and death.

Bellman's biographer Paul Britten Austin describes the song as "one of his most delightful, and for many years \[it\] was far and away the most popular. It goes to a charming air." "Opp Amaryllis!" was recorded in 1924 by Folke Andersson and Edvard Andreasson for HMV. More recently, the song has been recorded many times; it was among the Bellman songs recorded in 1960 by Roland Bengtsson and Folke Sällström, and in 1988 by the actor Mikael Samuelson. The song was recorded in English by Martin Best in 1995.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| "Opp Amaryllis!" | |
| --- | --- |
| Art song | |
| Sheet music | |
| English | *Up, Amaryllis!* |
| Written | 1773 |
| Text | poem by Carl Michael Bellman |
| Language | Swedish |
| Published | 1791 in *Fredman's Songs* |
| Scoring | voice and cittern |


title: That Once in a Lifetime

abstract: "That Once in a Lifetime" is a song by Greek singer Demis Roussos and was also released as a single from his 1978 English-language album Demis Roussos.

text:
# That Once in a Lifetime

"**That Once in a Lifetime**" is a song by Greek singer Demis Roussos and was also released as a single from his 1978 English-language album *Demis Roussos*.

## Background and writing

The song was written by Dino Fekaris and Freddie Perren. The recording was produced by Freddie Perren.

## Commercial performance

The song peaked at no. 50 on the *Billboard* Easy Listening chart on the week of June 3, 1978 and at no. 47 on the **Billboard* Hot 100 on the week of July 22, 1978.*

## Track listing

**7" single Mercury SFL-2302** (1978, Japan, etc.)

A. "That Once in a Lifetime" (3:38) B. "I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself" (3:04)

## Charts

| Chart (1978) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Singles (*RPM*) | 75 |
| US Adult Contemporary (*Billboard*) | 50 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 47 |

## InfoBox

| "That Once in a Lifetime" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Demis Roussos | |
| from the album  *Demis Roussos* | |
| Released | 1978 (1978) |
| Label | Mercury |
| Songwriter(s) | Dino Fekaris, Freddie Perren |
| Producer(s) | Freddie Perren |
| Demis Roussos singles chronology | |
| "Ainsi soit-il"
(1977) "**That Once in a Lifetime**"
(1978) "L.O.V.E. Got a Hold of Me"
(1978) | |


title: Mike Rodden

abstract: Michael James Rodden was a Canadian sports journalist, National Hockey League referee, and Canadian football coach, and was the first person elected to both the Hockey Hall of Fame (1962) and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame (1964). He was an older brother of ice hockey player Eddie Rodden.

text:
# Mike Rodden

**Michael James Rodden** (April 24, 1891 – January 11, 1978) was a Canadian sports journalist, National Hockey League referee, and Canadian football coach, and was the first person elected to both the Hockey Hall of Fame (1962) and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame (1964).

He was an older brother of ice hockey player Eddie Rodden.

## Biography

Born in Mattawa, Ontario, Rodden officiated in 1,187 National Hockey League games. As a football coach, he led the Hamilton Tigers to Grey Cup championships in 1928 and 1929. The Mike Rodden Arena and Community Centre in Mattawa is named in his honour.

Rodden's primary occupation was sports journalist. He started working at the *Toronto Globe* (now *The Globe and Mail*) as a reporter in 1918, rising to sports editor ten years later. He worked at the Globe for 18 years before moving to the *Kingston Whig-Standard* in 1936 when the *Globe* merged with *The Mail and Empire*. He remained sports editor there until 1958 and contributed a weekly column to the paper until a few weeks before his death in 1978 at age 86.

Rodden left his hometown at age 15 to attend the University of Ottawa. He was a student at Queen's University from 1910 to 1913, earning 15 letters in rugby football and ice hockey over that period. He went on to play football for Toronto Parkdale (1915) and the Toronto Argonauts (1919–1920). He also coached both teams, and was head coach of the Tigers from 1927–1930 and in 1937.

In hockey, Rodden coached De La Salle College, a high school team, in the 1920–21 season. He coached the St. Andrew's College juniors in 1921–22 and St. Mary's in 1923–24. In 1925, he coached the University of Toronto Schools Rugby team to an undefeated season, winning the Canadian Interscholastic Championship. Rodden was coach of the Toronto St. Pats until his contract was terminated in January 1927, just before the club was sold and became the Maple Leafs. He is credited with coaching two games by the NHL. At the same time, he was working as a referee for the Ontario Hockey Association.

After he retired, Rodden wrote a 500-page book about his several careers. He also eventually became an honored NHL member referee.

## Coaching record

### IFRU coaching record

| Team | Year | Regular Season | | | | | Post Season | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Result |
| TOR | 1920 | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 | **1st, IRFU** | 1 | 1 | Lost in Grey Cup |
| TOR | 1926 | 3 | 3 | 0 | .500 | 3rd, IRFU | - | - | Missed Playoffs |
| HAM | 1927 | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 | **1st, IRFU** | 1 | 1 | Lost in Grey Cup |
| HAM | 1928 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | **1st, IRFU** | 2 | 0 | **Won Grey Cup** |
| HAM | 1929 | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 | **1st, IRFU** | 3 | 0 | **Won Grey Cup** |
| HAM | 1930 | 4 | 0 | 2 | .833 | **1st, IRFU** | 1 | 1 | Lost in East Final |
| HAM | 1937 | 2 | 4 | 0 | .333 | 3rd, IRFU | - | - | Missed Playoffs |
| **Total** | | **30** | **10** | **2** | **.738** | **5 IFRU
Championships** | - | - | **2 Grey Cups** |

### NHL coaching record

| Team | Year | Regular Season | | | | | | | Post Season |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | G | W | L | T | OTL | Pts | Finish | Result |
| TOR | 1926–27 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | (35) | 5th in Canadian | (fired) |

## Further reading

* Anent Michael J: *The Life and Times of Michael J. Rodden in Northern Ontario in His Own Words* (1999) by Michael J. Rodden, Peter Handley.

## InfoBox

| Mike Rodden | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Michael James Rodden
(1891-04-24)April 24, 1891
Mattawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | January 11, 1978(1978-01-11) (aged 86)
Toronto |
| Occupation(s) | sports journalist, National Hockey League referee, and football coach |
| Honours | Hockey Hall of Fame (1962)
Canadian Football Hall of Fame (1964) |


title: Greater tree mouse

abstract:
The greater tree mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found only in Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Greater tree mouse

The **greater tree mouse** (***Chiruromys forbesi***) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| Greater tree mouse | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Genus: | *Chiruromys* |
| Species: | ***C. forbesi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chiruromys forbesi***
Thomas, 1888 | |
|


title: Stéphanie Fillion

abstract: Stéphanie Fillion is a French-Canadian journalist specializing in human rights and international affairs. Fillion has covered the United Nations and women in politics.

text:
# Stéphanie Fillion

**Stéphanie Fillion** (born 23 March 1992) is a French-Canadian journalist specializing in human rights and international affairs. Fillion has covered the United Nations and women in politics.

## Early life

Fillion was born in Chicoutimi, Canada, in a French-speaking family. She knew from an early age that she wanted to be a journalist and cover international politics. She studied broadcast journalism at the Cégep de Jonquière, and holds a Bachelors degree in political science, history and Italian study from McGill University and a Master's degree from Columbia Journalism School. She speaks French, English, and Italian.

## Career

Fillion started her journalism career in Vancouver, Canada in 2012 as a sports and weather reporter for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and eventually became a breaking news reporter covering current affairs. In 2015, she won the EU-Canada Young Journalist award for her story on Abraham Ulrikab and ethnographic shows. She moved to New York City in 2016 to pursue a master's degree at Columbia University.

In 2017, Fillion worked as a fellow at the Italian newspaper La Stampa on the foreign affairs desk.

In 2021, she was awarded the Prince Albert II of Monaco & UNCA Global Prize for her reporting that dealt with ways in which the Security Council addressed the issue of climate change. In 2022, she won the Gracies Award for individual achievement in a foreign language for her coverage of the 2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection process and persistent coverage of women in the race. In 2022, she won the Elizabeth Neuffer Memorial Prize for her coverage of pandemic preparedness at the United Nations. Her reporting showed how WHO selected Berlin for geopolitical and financial reasons and how the organization struggled from the onset of the deadly Covid-19 virus in early 2020.


title: Frank Lawton (vaudevillian)

abstract: Frank Lawton was an American vaudevillian entertainer whose popularity extended far beyond his country's borders.

text:
# Frank Lawton (vaudevillian)

**Frank Lawton** (died 1914) was an American vaudevillian entertainer whose popularity extended far beyond his country's borders.

## Early life

Like so many 19th- and early 20th-century actors who made their living traveling from town to town often under assumed stage names, Frank Lawton's past is difficult to trace. What evidence does exist indicates he was an American born in the late 1850s, probably at Hartford, Connecticut. Some sources state his birth name was Frank Mokeley, a claim that seems to date back to a 1933 *New York Times* article about his son, film actor Frank Lawton. This may be true, though it has proven difficult to locate any public record or contemporary newspaper article that supports this assertion. In later editions of *Who's Who in the Theatre*, his full name is listed as Frank Mokeley Lawton.

## Career

Lawton's professional debut was in 1874 with the Eureka Minstrels as one half of a song and dance duo with Lew Dockstader. He would go on to team up at one time or another with players Joe Sparks, Billy Mitchell and others before joining in the early 1880s Charles Hale Hoyt's Hole in the Ground and Milk White Flag companies. He later received praise for his role as Spartacus Hubbs in the 1887 Cal Wallace play *Pa* with the Sol Smith Russell Company. By then Lawton had refined his talents as a singer, dance comedian, bones player and amazing siffleur. The latter talent would one day earn him the title, bestowed by at least one British critic, Champion Whistler of the World. In 1898 Lawton's whistling act was recorded by Fred Gaisberg, one of over a thousand sides of recordings Gaisberg made for Berliner Gramophone and later Gramophone Company of artist working in London. Lawton would spend the greater part of the last twenty-five years of his life touring New Zealand, Australia and Great Britain where he was well received. After a successful run playing Blinky Bill in the musical comedy *The Belle of New York* with actress Edna May, Lawton chose to stay in London after his company returned to New York in 1899. Frank Lawton died there on April 16, 1914, after a long illness and the collapse of a spectacular production planned for London's Earl's Court had left him in financial ruin. A few weeks later the London theatre district put on a benefit show to raise money for his widow, former dancer Daisy May Collier, and their four children.

Lawton's first known marriage in 1894 to actress Virginia Earle ended in divorce eight years later.


abstract: As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 461001–462000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 461001–461100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461101–461200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461201–461300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461301–461400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461401–461500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461501–461600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461601–461700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 461650 Paisdezső | 2005 GP9 | Dezső Pais (1886–1973) was a prominent figure of Hungarian historical linguistics. His special fields were phonology, lexicology, and cultural history, the study of personal names and toponomy. He was the initiator of studies concerning the history of standard Hungarian. | IAU **·** 461650 |

## 461701–461800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461801–461900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 461901–462000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 461981 Chuyouhua | 2006 VO81 | You-Hua Chu (born 1953) is an astronomer, and was director of Academia Sinica's Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taiwan from 2014 to 2020. | IAU **·** 461981 |

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title: Trevor Lester

abstract: Trevor Rashleigh Lester was Dean of Waterford from 2003 until 2011. Lester was born in 1950. He was educated at the Church of Ireland Theological Institute and ordained in 1990. After curacies in Marmullane and Kilkenny he was the incumbent at Abbeystrewry until his appointment as Dean.

text:
# Trevor Lester

**Trevor Rashleigh Lester** was Dean of Waterford from 2003 until 2011.

Lester was born in 1950. He was educated at the Church of Ireland Theological Institute and ordained in 1990. After curacies in Marmullane and Kilkenny he was the incumbent at Abbeystrewry until his appointment as Dean.

1. Register of Solemnisers
2. "Trevor Rashleigh Lester". *Crockford's Clerical Directory* (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
3. Cork Anglican
4. "Burglars target Waterford cathedral". *Irish Times*. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2020.


abstract: The Irish Connection is the twelfth studio album by Australian-born Irish singer and composer Johnny Logan; credited to himself and Friends. The album was released in April 2007. The album peaked at number one in Norway and Sweden.

text:
# The Irish Connection (Johnny Logan album)

***The Irish Connection*** is the twelfth studio album by Australian-born Irish singer and composer Johnny Logan; credited to himself and Friends. The album was released in April 2007. The album peaked at number one in Norway and Sweden.

## Track listing

My Way Music – (M 20138-2)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Wild Rover" | traditional | 2:49 |
| 2. | "The Fields of Athenry" | Pete St. John | 4:54 |
| 3. | "Dirty Old Town" | Ewan MacColl | 3:57 |
| 4. | "Molly Malone" | traditional | 3:06 |
| 5. | "On Raglan Road" | Patrick Kavanagh | 4:25 |
| 6. | "The Irish Rover" | traditional | 3:46 |
| 7. | "The Black Velvet Band" | traditional | 5:28 |
| 8. | "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda" | Eric Bogle | 7:09 |
| 9. | "The Raggle Taggle Gypsy" | traditional | 4:21 |
| 10. | "Follow Me up to Carlow" | traditional | 3:49 |
| 11. | "Tim Finnegan's Wake" | traditional | 2:37 |
| 12. | "Whiskey in the Jar" | traditional | 4:08 |
| 13. | "Spancil Hill" | Michael Considine | 3:53 |
| 14. | "The Town I Loved So Well" | Phil Coulter | 5:45 |

## Charts

| Chart (2007–08) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 3 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 71 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 1 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 73 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Platinum | 30,000^ |
| Norway (IFPI Norway) | 2× Platinum | 80,000* |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 20,000^ |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| The Irish Connection | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Johnny Logan and Friends | |
| Released | April 2007 |
| Recorded | Dreamland Studios, Nibe, Denmark |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 60:07 |
| Label | My Way Music |
| Producer | H.C. Röder, Johnny Logan |
| Johnny Logan albums chronology | |
| *We All Need Love*
(2003) ***The Irish Connection***
(2007) *Irishman in America*
(2008) | |


title: Mustapha Bakkoury

abstract: Mustapha Bakkoury is a Moroccan businessman, engineer and politician. He is chairman of the board of the Moroccan Solar Energy Agency and the council president of the Casablanca-Settat region. He was born in Mohammedia, but is a native of Taounate.

text:
# Mustapha Bakkoury

**Mustapha Bakkoury** (Arabic: مصطفى البكوري; born 20 December 1964, Mohammedia, Morocco) is a Moroccan businessman, engineer and politician. He is chairman of the board of the Moroccan Solar Energy Agency and the council president of the Casablanca-Settat region. He was born in Mohammedia, but is a native of Taounate.

## Origins and studies

Bakkoury is an engineer who graduated from the École des ponts ParisTech in 1990 and holds a DESS in banking and finance.

## Professional career

From 1989 to 1991, he was the head of junior projects at BNP Paribas in the department of large international projects. He was also senior project manager at the BNP Intercontinentale in the department of Financial Engineering. By the end of 1991, he was responsible for their financial activities, and then from 1993 to 1995, was responsible for the clientele of large companies within the BMCI, a subsidiary of BNP Paribas. From 1995 to 1998, he was responsible for the development and financing of the activities of the National Society for Municipal Planning (SONADAC), a mixed company, he was responsible for major development projects in the metropolis of Casablanca. From 1998 to 2001, he was in charge of the business banking division at BMCI.

From 2001 to 13 June 2009, he was appointed by the king of Morocco Mohammed VI to be the General Manager of the Caisse de dépôt et de gestion. On 30 December 2009, King Mohammed VI appointed him as chairman of the board of the Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (MASEN). He was instrumental in MASEN's biggest achievement so far, the completion of the 582 MW Ouarzazate Solar Power Station

Bakkoury organized the Moroccan pavilion at the Expo 2020 in Dubai.

### Political career

Bakkoury's first steps into politics came in 2007 when he joined the Movement of All Democrats founded by Fouad Ali El Himma, which later became the Authenticity and Modernity Party. On 19 February 2012, he was elected Secretary General of the Authenticity and Modernity Party. During the communal and regional elections of 2015, he presented himself in Mohammedia and his party won 8 out of 47 seats.

On 14 September 2015, he was elected council president of the Casablanca-Settat region with the support of the elected RNI.

### MASEN Scandal

In the context of the 2021 Moroccan general election there was potentially politically motivated inquiry into Bakkoury's management of MASEN and especially the technology choice of Concentrated solar power. Because of the investigation he was replaced as the General Commissioner of the Moroccan pavilion at the Dubai Universal Exhibition 2021, but remains the head of MASEN as of 2022.

### Professional Affiliations

* President of the Moroccan Federation of Insurance and Reinsurance Companies.
* Member of the Board of Directors of the Mohammed V Foundation
* Member of the Steering Committee of the Mohammed VI Foundation for Education.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Mustapha Bakkoury | |
| --- | --- |
| Mustapha Bakkoury in 2020 | |
|  | |
| Council president of the Casablanca-Settat region | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
14 September 2015 | |
| Monarch | Mohammed VI |
| Prime Minister | Abdelilah Benkirane
Saadeddine Othmani |
| Preceded by | Position established |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-12-20) 20 December 1964
Mohammedia, Morocco |
| Political party | Authenticity and Modernity Party |
| Occupation | Businessman, civil servant, engineer, politician |
|  | |


title: Vinnie Mele

abstract: Vinnie Mele is an American singer, actor, composer, and instrumentalist. His style is influenced by blues, southern rock, reggae, and country music. Mele's songs contain humor and pop culture references.

text:
# Vinnie Mele

**Vinnie Mele** (born as **Vincenzo Seraphino Mele**, February 17, 1977) is an American singer, actor, composer, and instrumentalist. His style is influenced by blues, southern rock, reggae, and country music. Mele's songs contain humor and pop culture references.

## Early life

Vinnie Mele, was born Vincenzo Seraphino Mele in Marietta, Ohio, the son of Anthony Mele Sr., who was the founding executive director of Washington Morgan Community Action Agency from 1967 to 1987, and Ada (Casto), a beautician. His parents owned a Mel's beauty salon. Mele's father is Italian-American, and his mother is Irish-American. Mele has a sister and a brother. Mele was raised in the Norwood neighborhood of Marietta, Ohio. Mele's musical talents soon came to the fore when he learned the saxophone at the age of nine. Mele loved singing at an early age, his first public performance was at age fourteen, and he recorded with a local rock band at sixteen.

Mele started playing guitar in his early teens. His love of the blues, rock, and soul music flourished as he started collecting records. He attended Marietta High School and Washington State Community College in Marietta. During High School Mele worked at a local music store selling and repairing musical instruments. Mele also worked for a sound-rental company and a recording studio during this time. After an unsuccessful attempt to study music academically, Mele acquired a position with the local cable company.

## Career

In 1993 Mele formed his first band, named "Souls of Silence" which later got renamed "Quantum Placit". He often describes Quantum Placit as "the best band from Marietta you never heard of". Mele's guitar and vocals contributed greatly to Quantum Placit's set list of cover songs by the Cure, Rush, Eagles, Green Day, Poison, U2, Eric Clapton and Mister Black. Members of Quantum Placit were: Aaron Curran, James Keaton, Jeremy Harmon, Todd Elliott, Jessie Paige, Vinnie Mele, Todd Richards, John Richardson, and Emily Welch.

Quantum Placit became QP3 in 1995 when many of the members went off to college. In 1999 the drummer, Aaron Curran moved from the area. Mele and Harmon posted ads on the internet for a drummer. Dean Vellenga who recently moved to Athens, Ohio replied and auditioned for the position.

Mele, Harmon, and Vellenga had that in the pocket sound. It inspired music veteran Dave Martin to hire QP3 as his backup band. For the next three years, QP3 performed as the Dave Martin Band. Mele learned a lot from Martin's guitar playing, he also credits most of his musical influences were created during this time.

In 2003, Mele formed Vinnie and the Lubricators, performing a variety of music styles: rock, funk, blues, jazz, and reggae. Mele also performed with other local groups. To keep busy as a musician, he also hosted a weekly open mic at a local pub.

In 2009, Mele started his solo career. He was set to release his first album of original music titled *Painting Pictures*. After the studio session's Mele decided to put the release on the back burner. To date this album has not been released. In 2012, Mele released his debut CD "35", none of the tracks were of those from the "Painting Pictures" Sessions. Mele has a second album to be released in 2013.

Mele continues to record and tour. He has appeared at the Brickstreet BBQ Festival, and was a supporting act on the MBC's 2008–2009 concert series. Mele has worked and performed with artists such as Koko Taylor, Hubert Sumlin, Lucky Peterson, Stella, Merl Sanders, Exile, Pierre Bensusan, Hank Williams Jr. & III, the Grass Roots, Peter Dickinson, Jimmy Rogers, Trace Adkins, and B.J. Thomas.

## Equipment and members who perform with Vinnie Mele

Mele has generally played Fender Stratocaster, Telecaster, and Paul Reed Smith guitars. Mele is also known to use a Dr. Z Maz 38 Combo, sometimes paired with a Fender amp, such as a Blackface Super Reverb or Vibrolux.

Mele's current band:

* Vinnie Mele – guitar, vocals
* Chris Shepard – drums
* Jason Feathers – keyboards
* Jeremy Harmon – bass guitar

Mele also performs with the Jimmy Clinton Band, Colton Pack, Taylor Sams, and Vinnie and the Lubricators.

## Discography

### Albums

* 2009 – *Painting Pictures*

* Julie Zickefoose. "Julie Zickefoose on Blogspot: December 2007". Juliezickefoose.blogspot.com. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
* "Vinnie Mele and the Lubricators". ReverbNation. Retrieved November 4, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Vinnie Mele | |
| --- | --- |
| Vinnie Mele in concert, 2007 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Vincenzo Mele |
| Born | (1977-02-17) February 17, 1977<br>Marietta, Ohio, U.S. |
| Genres | Blues, rock, country |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, saxophone, piano, upright bass, mandolin, vocals |
| Years active | 1993 – present |
|  | |
| Website | vinniemele.com |


title: Musi language

abstract: Musi is a Malayic variety spoken primarily in parts of South Sumatra, Indonesia. While the name Musi in the broad sense can also refer to the wider Musi dialect network comprising both Upper Musi and Palembang–Lowland clusters, it is locally used as an endonym specific to the variety spoken in the upstream parts of Musi River.

text:
# Musi language

**Musi** (*Basé Musi*) is a Malayic variety spoken primarily in parts of South Sumatra, Indonesia. While the name *Musi* in the broad sense can also refer to the wider Musi dialect network comprising both Upper Musi and Palembang–Lowland clusters, it is locally used as an endonym specific to the variety spoken in the upstream parts of Musi River.

## Classification

Based on lexicostatistical analyses, mappings of sound changes, and mutual intelligibility tests, McDowell & Anderbeck (2020) classify Malayic varieties in southern Sumatra into two dialect groups, namely 1) South Barisan Malay (also called *Central Malay* or *Middle Malay*) and 2) Musi. The Musi grouping can be further divided into two clusters: 1) Upper Musi, containing Musi Proper (i.e. the lect referred to as "Musi" in local usage), Rawas, Pegagan, and Col, and 2) Palembang–Lowland, containing Palembang and Lowland subcluster (Belide, Lematang Ilir, and Penesak varieties).

All Upper Musi lects lost Proto-Malayic \*h word-medially, including between like vowels. As with other Southern Sumatran Malayic lects, \*r is sometimes reflected as \[r\] and \[ʔ\], contrasting with a velar/uvular rhotic. More uniquely, Upper Musi lects evince 1) the loss of initial \*r, e.g. \*rumah 'house' \> *umah* and \*rusa 'deer' \> *use*; 2) the shift of final \*-ri \> *-ray*, e.g. \*jari 'finger' \> *jaray* and \*duri 'thorn' \> *duray*, and 3) the merger of final \*-ar, \*-ur, and \*-ir \> -\[o(ɰ)\], e.g. \*akar 'root' \> *ako*, \*bibir 'lip' \> *bibo*, and \*kapur 'lime' \> *kapo*. The last merger did not happen in Rawas, as it only reflects the \*-ar \> *-o* shift. In addition, while most Upper Musi lects shifted final \*a \> \[e\], Rawas shifted the vowel to \[o\].

Musi Proper is spoken throughout parts of Musi Banyuasin and Musi Rawas regencies in South Sumatra. Internally, it can be divided into three subdialects, namely 1) Sekayu, 2) Kelingi, and 3) Penukal, each roughly corresponding to the names of the geographical area where they are spoken. Sekayu is spoken in and around the town of Sekayu, Musi Banyuasin, and is the central variety. Kelingi is spoken in parts of Musi Rawas Regency and neighbors the Sindang Kelingi subdialect of Col to the west. Meanwhile, Penukal speech area covers most of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency, bordering to its south the Lowland lects of Lematang Ilir and Belide, as well as the Highland (Central Malay) lect of Benakat.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Arifin, Siti Salamah; Abubakar, Tarmizi; Alwi, Zahra; Ernalida (2001). *Struktur bahasa Benakat* \[*The structure of Benakat language*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
* Gani, Zainal Abidin; Ahmad, Mustanni; Ihsan, Diemroh (1981). *Struktur bahasa Musi* \[*The structure of Musi language*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
* Ihsan, Diemroh; Arifin, Salamah; Saripudin, Agus; Diem, Chuzaimah Dahlan (1996). *Fonologi dan morfologi bahasa Lematang* \[*The phonology and morphology of Lematang language*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
* McDowell, Jonathan; Anderbeck, Karl (2020). *The Malay Lects of Southern Sumatra*. JSEALS Special Publication. Vol. 7. University of Hawai'i Press. hdl:10524/52473.

## InfoBox

| Musi | |
| --- | --- |
| Musi Malay | |
| *Basé Musi* | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | South Sumatra |
| Ethnicity | Musi |
| Native speakers | ~600,000 (2000 census) |
| Language family | Austronesian |
| Dialects |  |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `mui` (partially) |
| Linguist List | `mui-sek` (Sekayu) |
|  | `mui-pel` (Penukal) |
|  | `mui-kel` (Kelingi) |
| *Glottolog* | `nucl1812` |
| The distribution of Musi lects across southern Sumatra | |


title: Viscount Bulkeley

abstract: Viscount Bulkeley, of Cashel in the County of Tipperary, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 19 January 1644 for Thomas Bulkeley, the son of Sir Richard Bulkeley of Beaumaris and a supporter of King Charles I of England. The title descended from father to son until the death of his great-great-grandson, the 5th Viscount, in 1738. The late Viscount was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the 6th Viscount. The latter was succeeded by his son, the 7th Viscount. The 7th Viscount was also created Baron Bulkeley, of Beaumaris, in the County of Anglesey, in the Peerage of Great Britain on 14 May 1784, which entitled him to a seat in the House of Lords. In 1802 he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Warren, which was that of his father-in-law, Sir George Warren. On his death in 1822 both titles became extinct. Sir Richard Williams, of Penrhyn, succeeded to the Bulkeley estates and assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Bulkeley. From the 2nd to the 6th viscount, all viscounts were Members of Parliament.

text:
# Viscount Bulkeley

**Viscount Bulkeley**, of Cashel in the County of Tipperary, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 19 January 1644 for Thomas Bulkeley, the son of Sir Richard Bulkeley of Beaumaris and a supporter of King Charles I of England. The title descended from father to son until the death of his great-great-grandson, the 5th Viscount, in 1738. The late Viscount was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the 6th Viscount. The latter was succeeded by his son, the 7th Viscount. The 7th Viscount was also created Baron Bulkeley, of Beaumaris, in the County of Anglesey, in the Peerage of Great Britain on 14 May 1784, which entitled him to a seat in the House of Lords. In 1802 he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Warren, which was that of his father-in-law, Sir George Warren. On his death in 1822 both titles became extinct. Sir Richard Williams, of Penrhyn, succeeded to the Bulkeley estates and assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Bulkeley.

From the 2nd to the 6th viscount, all viscounts were Members of Parliament.

## Viscounts Bulkeley (1644)


title: Griffith Roberts

abstract: Griffith Roberts was an Anglican priest and author. His works include "The Marks of Christ’s Body", 1891; "Salvation Through Atonement", 1910; "Why We Believe that Christ rose from the Dead", 1914; "Holiadur Eglswysig", 1888; and "A Guide to Bangor Cathedral" in the first third of the 20th century. Educated at Trinity College Dublin, he was ordained in 1870. He held incumbencies at Llanegryn, Dowlais and Peterston-super-Ely before being appointed Dean of Bangor in 1903. He retired in 1934 and died at the age of 97. His son David was Archdeacon of Monmouth from 1930 to 1935.

text:
# Griffith Roberts

**Griffith Roberts** (27 June 1845 – 11 February 1943) was an Anglican priest and author. His works include "The Marks of Christ’s Body", 1891; "Salvation Through Atonement", 1910; "Why We Believe that Christ rose from the Dead", 1914; "Holiadur Eglswysig", 1888; and "A Guide to Bangor Cathedral" in the first third of the 20th century. Educated at Trinity College Dublin, he was ordained in 1870. He held incumbencies at Llanegryn, Dowlais and Peterston-super-Ely before being appointed Dean of Bangor in 1903. He retired in 1934 and died at the age of 97.

His son David was Archdeacon of Monmouth from 1930 to 1935.

1. "Who was Who" 1897-2007 London, A & C Black, 2007 ISBN 978-0-19-954087-7
2. British Library website accessed 27 January 2011
3. "The Clergy List, Clerical Guide and Ecclesiastical Directory" London, Hamilton & Co., 1889
4. The Times, Saturday, 13 February 1943; p. 6; Issue 49469; col. F, *Obituary: The Very Rev G. Roberts*
5. 'Obituary The Ven D.E. Roberts' The Times London, England Tuesday, Aug. 27, 1935 Issue 47153p. 13

## InfoBox

| Griffith Roberts | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 27 June 1845 |
| Died | 11 February 1943 |
| Education | Trinity College Dublin |
| Occupation(s) | Anglican priest, author |
| Title | Dean of Bangor |
| Predecessor | John Pryce |
| Successor | Henry Lewis James |
| Children | David Roberts (Archdeacon of Monmouth) |


title: Individual Partnership Action Plan

abstract: Individual Partnership Action Plans (IPAP) are plans developed between NATO and different countries which outline the objectives and the communication framework for dialogue and cooperation between both parties. NATO launched the IPAPs initiative at the 2002 Prague Summit.

text:
# Individual Partnership Action Plan

**Individual Partnership Action Plans** (**IPAP**) are plans developed between NATO and different countries which outline the objectives and the communication framework for dialogue and cooperation between both parties. NATO launched the IPAPs initiative at the 2002 Prague Summit.

## Participation

Individual Partnership Action Plans (IPAPs) are in implementation with the following countries:

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Serbia have stated they have no current intention to join NATO, but all of them participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program. Georgia and Ukraine are currently undergoing Intensified Dialogue for NATO membership and Ukraine applied for membership in 2022, while Bosnia and Herzegovina has a Membership Action Plan and is actively working towards joining NATO.

Montenegro had an IPAP with NATO from 20 June 2008 until it acceded to NATO on 5 June 2017.

### Ukraine

Ukraine's relationship with NATO is governed by the NATO–Ukraine Action Plan, adopted on 22 November 2002. In April 2005, Ukraine entered into Intensified Dialogue with NATO, and during the 2008 Bucharest summit NATO declared that Ukraine could become a member of NATO when it wants to join and meets the criteria for accession. However, under the foreign policy of new President Viktor Yanukovych in 2010, Ukraine announced that it no longer had NATO membership as a goal, and passed a law stipulating the country's non-aligned status. Following months of Euromaidan street protests that began because of his refusal to sign an Association Agreement with the European Union in favor of deals from Russia, President Yanukovych was overthrown. In response to the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the deployment of Russian troops in eastern Ukraine in the War in Donbas, Ukrainian Prime Minister Yatsenyuk announced his intentions to resume the bid for NATO membership in August 2014. In December 2014, Ukraine's parliament voted to drop non-aligned status. On 30 September 2022, Ukraine formally applied to join NATO, following Russia's annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine.


title: The Adventures of Long John Silver

abstract: The Adventures of Long John Silver is a TV series about the Long John Silver character from Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel Treasure Island. It was made in 1954 in colour in Australia for the American and British markets before the development of Australian television.

text:
# The Adventures of Long John Silver

***The Adventures of Long John Silver*** is a TV series about the Long John Silver character from Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel *Treasure Island*. It was made in 1954 in colour in Australia for the American and British markets before the development of Australian television.

## Cast and characters

Newton and several of the other actors had the same roles as in the 1954 film *Long John Silver*, also shot in Australia.

## Broadcast history

The series was shown in the United States from 22 September 1955, and in the UK on ITV in 1957. It was shown in Australia on the ABC in 1958, in the afternoon Children's TV Club. It was also shown on commercial regional TV in the mid to late 70s in Australia. In 1985 the series was repeated in the United Kingdom in a Saturday afternoon slot on ITV.

For much of its international audience, the series aired after the death of its star, Robert Newton, who had died of a heart attack in Hollywood in March 1956.

## Episodes

| No. | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Necklace" |
| Silver is arrested for murder | | |
| 2 | "Pieces of Eight" |
| Silver and his crew search for Spanish gold with a sailor (Albert Garcia) | | |
| 3 | "The Orphans' Christmas" |
| Hawkins and Silver help out at an orphanage run by a woman (Neva Carr-Glynn) who hates Christmas | | |
| 4 | "Execution Dock" |
| Silver falls ill and has nightmares about being put on trial for old crimes | | |
| 5 | "The Eviction" |
| 6 | "The Pink Pearl" |
| 7 | "Tale of a Tooth" |
| 8 | "Ship o' the Dead" |
| Jim sees a ship full of dead people but no one believes him | | |
| 9 | "Sword of Vengeance" |
| 10 | "Turnabout" |
| Silver is captured by a French captain (David Nettheim) | | |
| 11 | "Miss Purity's Birthday" |
| 12 | "Dead Reckoning" |
| 13 | "Devil's Stew" |
| 14 | "Where Men Are Men" |
| 15 | "The Master's Touch" |
| 16 | "The Siege" |
| 17 | "The Flag Flies Back" |
| 18 | "The Fish Wife" |
| 19 | "Dragon Slayer" |
| 20 | "Temple of Evil" |
| 21 | "To Purity, a Daughter" |
| 22 | "Ties of Blood" |
| 23 | "Strange Cargo" |
| 24 | "Infernal Cargo" |
| 25 | "The Crisis" |

## Production

Joseph Kaufman produced the series, and CBS -TV Film Sales distributed it. Filming was done in a studio in Sydney, Australia.

Lee Sholem later recalled, "That was a real fun show... and we had a magnificent company. And the salaries of the stars, except for Robert Newton, the highest paid actor got $200 a week. These actors in Australia were cheap as dirt. Of course, the dollar went a long way over there. We had a... regular cast of 18. Some of the stories and some of the acting were damn good."

## InfoBox

| *The Adventures of Long John Silver* | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Genre | Adventure |
| Created by |  |
| Written by |  |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 26 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Joseph Kaufman |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | 1958 (1958) <br>1958 (1958) |


title: Ian Meadows (archaeologist)

abstract: Ian David Meadows is a British archaeologist. He has worked in archaeology for some 40 years, including as a Senior Project Officer at Northamptonshire Archaeology from 1992 to 2014. During that time he excavated a number of large quarries in England and Wales, and excavated the boar-crested Anglo-Saxon Pioneer Helmet in addition to discovering the first definitive evidence for viticulture in Roman Britain. He has also worked for the Museum of London Archaeology, and has taught archaeology and landscape history for Cambridge University, Anglia Ruskin University, the University of Bath, and the Workers' Educational Association.

text:
# Ian Meadows (archaeologist)

**Ian David Meadows** (born 5 January 1959) is a British archaeologist. He has worked in archaeology for some 40 years, including as a Senior Project Officer at Northamptonshire Archaeology from 1992 to 2014. During that time he excavated a number of large quarries in England and Wales, and excavated the boar-crested Anglo-Saxon Pioneer Helmet in addition to discovering the first definitive evidence for viticulture in Roman Britain. He has also worked for the Museum of London Archaeology, and has taught archaeology and landscape history for Cambridge University, Anglia Ruskin University, the University of Bath, and the Workers' Educational Association.

## Career

Ian David Meadows was born on 5 January 1959. He has worked in archaeology for approximately 40 years. From 1992 to 2014 he worked with Northamptonshire Archaeology as Senior Project Officer, during which time he directed many projects, particularly the excavations of large landscapes in English and Welsh quarries. Starting in about 1993 Meadows began digging in a gravel pit in Wollaston, Northamptonshire, ultimately leading to both the discovery of the first definitive evidence of viticulture from Roman Britain, and the unearthing of the Pioneer Helmet, only the fourth Anglo-Saxon helmet to be found.

In 1996, while leading a team with Tony Brown of the University of Exeter's School of Geography and Archaeology, Meadows discovered the first evidence for viticulture from Roman Britain. The find followed the excavation of a series of farms from the Iron and Roman ages, and was soon followed by the discovery of vineyards in the Nene Valley. By 1999 Meadows had found evidence of seven vineyards: four in Northamptonshire, one in Cambridgeshire, one in Lincolnshire and one in Buckinghamshire. One site alone had four miles of trenches, enough to produce about 10,000 litres of wine annually. The seven vineyards covered a combined 30 acres, suggesting to Meadows that "research may yet reveal that Britain was a major wine producer in ancient times."

The year after discovering the Roman vineyards, in 1997 Meadows discovered the Anglo-Saxon Pioneer Helmet. Also found in Wollaston, it was part of the inhumation of a high-status Anglo-Saxon man, and was found with a pattern welded sword and a hanging bowl. News of the find made newspapers as far away as Australia and New Zealand, for the helmet was only the fourth contemporaneous example to be discovered, coming after those from Benty Grange, Sutton Hoo, and York, and before two subsequent discoveries from Shorwell and Staffordshire.

As of 2016, Meadows is leading the excavations at Chester Farm, a walled Roman town with 10,000 years of history. It has evidence dating back to the Mesolithic, Iron and Medieval ages, as well as farm buildings from the 17th century. He has 4 children.

## Publications

* Meadows, Ian (November 1996). "Wollaston: The Nene Valley, A British Moselle?". *Current Archaeology*. **13** (150): 212–215. ISSN 0011-3212.
* Brown, Anthony G.; Meadows, Ian (1996–97). "Environmental analysis of a Neolithic/early Bronze Age palaeochannel from Turnells Mill Lane, Wellingborough in the Nene valley". *Northamptonshire Archaeology*. **27**. Northamptonshire Archaeological Society: 185–191.
* Meadows, Ian (1996–97). "The Pioneer Helmet". *Northamptonshire Archaeology*. **27**. Northamptonshire Archaeological Society: 191–193.
* Webster, Leslie & Meadows, Ian (July–August 1997). "Discovery of Anglo-Saxon Helmet helmet with Boar Crest". *Minerva*. **8** (4): 3–5.
* Meadows, Ian (September 1997). "Wollaston: The 'Pioneer' Burial". *Current Archaeology*. **13** (154): 391–395. ISSN 0011-3212.
* Meadows, Ian (Autumn–Winter 1997). "The Pioneer Helmet: A Dark-Age Princely Burial from Northamptonshire". *Medieval Life* (8): 2–4. ISSN 1357-6291.
* Brown, Anthony G.; Meadows, Ian; Turner, Simon D. & Mattingly, David (December 2001). "Roman Vineyards in Britain: Stratigraphic and Palynological Data from Wollaston in the Nene Valley, England". *Antiquity*. **75** (290): 745–757. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00089250. S2CID 162925754.
* Meadows, Ian (March 2004). "An Anglian Warrior Burial from Wollaston, Northamptonshire". *Northamptonshire Archaeology Reports*. **10** (110) (2010 digital ed.). Northamptonshire County Council.
* Meadows, Ian (Winter 2006). "Environmental sampling and the evolution of the Nene Valley" (PDF). *The Archaeologist* (59). Institute of Field Archaeologists: 15.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Ian Meadows | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ian David Meadows<br>(1959-01-05) January 5, 1959 |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Archaeologist |
| Known for | Archaeology work; discovery of the Pioneer helmet |