title: Henderson National Bank

abstract: The Henderson National Bank building is a historic bank building in Huntsville, Alabama. One of the only Art Moderne style buildings in Huntsville, the bank was built in 1948. The outer walls are constructed of large blocks of ashlar, while the base and entrance surround on the Jefferson Street façade are lined with dark green stone. The recessed double doors sit below a tall, multi-pane toplight. The entry is flanked by tall, multi-pane windows, giving the façade a much more vertical orientation than the early 20th-century commercial brick style. The upper portion is inscribed with two geometric flower shapes in relief and the name of the bank. The corner wall is rounded, leading to more tall windows along the side. A drive-up teller window was added to the rear of the building in 1958, which is faced with light tan brick. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

text:
# Henderson National Bank

The **Henderson National Bank** building is a historic bank building in Huntsville, Alabama. One of the only Art Moderne style buildings in Huntsville, the bank was built in 1948. The outer walls are constructed of large blocks of ashlar, while the base and entrance surround on the Jefferson Street façade are lined with dark green stone. The recessed double doors sit below a tall, multi-pane toplight. The entry is flanked by tall, multi-pane windows, giving the façade a much more vertical orientation than the early 20th-century commercial brick style. The upper portion is inscribed with two geometric flower shapes in relief and the name of the bank. The corner wall is rounded, leading to more tall windows along the side. A drive-up teller window was added to the rear of the building in 1958, which is faced with light tan brick.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Henderson National Bank | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The building in July 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 118 S. Jefferson St., Huntsville, Alabama |
| Coordinates | 34°43′50″N 86°35′10″W / 34.73056°N 86.58611°W / 34.73056; -86.58611 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1948 (1948) |
| Architect | Warren, Knight & Davis |
| Architectural style | Art Moderne |
| MPS | Downtown Huntsville MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 80000712 |
| Added to NRHP | September 22, 1980 |


title: Nangal Soti

abstract: Nagal Soti is a village in India. It is located in the Najibabad block, Bijnor district of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Nagal Soti belongs to the Moradabad division, which is located 34 km north of the district headquarters of Bijnor, 15 km from Najibabad, and 483 km from the state capital of Lucknow.

text:
# Nangal Soti

**Nagal Soti** is a village in India. It is located in the Najibabad block, Bijnor district of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Nagal Soti belongs to the Moradabad division, which is located 34 km north of the district headquarters of Bijnor, 15 km from Najibabad, and 483 km from the state capital of Lucknow.

## Demographics

The current population of Nagal Soti is estimated to be 6,576. 47% of the village inhabitants are women and 53% are men. There are 1,124 houses and the most commonly spoken language in the village is Hindi.

## Transport

The nearest railway station is located in Chandok and Balawali.

## Education

There are several educational institutions in Nagal Soti including:

* S4 International School
* Raja Bharat Singh Inter College
* Saraswati Shishu Mandir, an affiliate of the Vidya Bharati which runs one of the largest private network of schools in India.
* Spring Field Academy
* Lala Amichand Junior High School

## Nearby villages

* Khanpur (1 km)
* Jeetpur Khas (3 km)
* Harchandpur (4 km)
* Raipur Khas (4 km)
* Rasoolpur Said (4 km)
* Kanshi Rampur (5 km)
* Shahzadpur Carrie Ville (1 km)

## InfoBox

| Nagal Soti | |
| --- | --- |
| town | |
| Nagal SotiLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaNagal SotiNagal Soti (India) | |
| Coordinates: 29°39′41″N 78°11′19″E / 29.6614249°N 78.1886674°E / 29.6614249; 78.1886674 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Bijnor District |
| Elevation | 269 m (883 ft) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Nearest city | Najibabad |


title: Harold Holton

abstract: Harold Holton is a Canadian football player who played professionally for the Calgary Stampeders, Ottawa Rough Riders and Toronto Argonauts.

text:
# Harold Holton

**Harold Holton** (born October 1, 1952) is a Canadian football player who played professionally for the Calgary Stampeders, Ottawa Rough Riders and Toronto Argonauts.

## InfoBox

Harry Holton
| Born: | (1952-10-01) October 1, 1952 |
| --- | --- |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) |  |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) |
| Weight | 235 lb (107 kg) |
| College | Texas-El Paso |
| NFL draft | 1974, round: 9, pick: 220 |
| Drafted by | Green Bay Packers |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1974–1978 | Calgary Stampeders |
| 1979 | Ottawa Rough Riders |
| 1979 | Toronto Argonauts |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| CFL West All-Star (1978) | |


title: National Front Alliance (Egypt)

abstract: The National Front Alliance is an alliance of political parties that contested the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election and in the Dakahlia Governorate.

text:
# National Front Alliance (Egypt)

The **National Front Alliance** is an alliance of political parties that contested the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election and in the Dakahlia Governorate.

## Affiliated parties

## InfoBox

| National Front Alliance تحالف الجبهة الوطنية | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2015? |
| Ideology | Nasserism
**Factions:**
Arab nationalism
Arab socialism
Pan-Arabism
Democratic socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Left-wing populism
Social liberalism |
| Political position | Centre to left-wing |
| House of Representatives | 15 / 568 |
|  | |


title: Ruben J. Dailey

abstract: Ruben Jasper Dailey (24 January 1910, Asheville - 8 January 1981, Asheville was the first African American attorney to practice in Buncombe County, North Carolina, which includes Asheville. Dailey worked to press the issue of school integration not only in Buncombe County, but also across Western North Carolina in order to level the educational playing field and ensure that the mandate of Brown v. Board of Education was observed. He handled a multitude of county cases; "[i]n county after county, attorney Ruben J. Dailey confronted school boards who were trying to find ways to ignore the law and to overlook students with black skin." In addition to being Buncombe County's first black lawyer, in 1969, Ruben Dailey became the first black Asheville City Council member. He was reelected in 1971 and at some time subsequent to that reelection, he retired from politics due to health issues.

text:
# Ruben J. Dailey

**Ruben Jasper Dailey** (24 January 1910, Asheville \- 8 January 1981, Asheville was the first African American attorney to practice in Buncombe County, North Carolina, which includes Asheville. Dailey worked to press the issue of school integration not only in Buncombe County, but also across Western North Carolina in order to level the educational playing field and ensure that the mandate of *Brown v. Board of Education* was observed. He handled a multitude of county cases; "\[i\]n county after county, attorney Ruben J. Dailey confronted school boards who were trying to find ways to ignore the law and to overlook students with black skin." In addition to being Buncombe County's first black lawyer, in 1969, Ruben Dailey became the first black Asheville City Council member. He was reelected in 1971 and at some time subsequent to that reelection, he retired from politics due to health issues.

## Participation in integration in Transylvania County, NC

In 1962, long after the 1954 decision in *Brown*, schools in Transylvania County, North Carolina were not yet fully integrated. In order to attain a high school education, many black students were making a 42-mile round trip to the Ninth Avenue School in Hendersonville, in neighboring Henderson County, North Carolina. The exasperated parents, tiring of excuses from the local school board, filed in U.S. District Court on August 17, 1962 seeking relief under the *Brown* decision, which they received in 1963.

Despite gradual high school integration after the summer of 1962, the school board limited the number of black students who could attend Brevard High, citing lack of space, and requested that parents of black children have patience while a larger facility was being constructed. Parents of the children and other community members, organized as the Transylvania Citizens Improvement Organization (TCIO), soon discovered that upon completion of the addition to Brevard High there was unused space and black students were still traveling to neighboring Henderson County to receive a secondary education.

After this discovery, the Members of TCIO hired Ruben J. Dailey to represent them if a legal proceeding was required. Mr. Dailey succeeded in obtaining an order from the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina; in March 1963, Judge Wilson Warlick called for the integration of the "junior and senior high schools" in Transylvania County and "directed attorney Ruben J. Daily to prepare the order for his \[Judge Warlick's\] signature." After the decision declaring full integration of Transylvania County's secondary schools, a reporter for The Transylvania Times wrote, "\[l\]ast year \[1962\] Ruben J. Bailey \[sic\], Asheville attorney, petitioned the courts to admit 40 Negro junior and senior high school students to the Brevard schools. The courts ruled that eight be permitted to attend during the 1962-63 term."


title: Valentine Records

abstract: Valentine Records is a British independent record label, based in Manchester, England and founded in September 2001. Its initial roster comprised guitar bands such as Extinguish Her, Chevron, Palo Alto and Five Years Later as well as electronic/laptop artists such as I-Node, doublejo(H)ngrey, Lynskey, Ultrafoetus and The Hi Fi Renaissance. At present the roster comprises Mark Corrin, John Callaghan, Babyslave, I-Lucifer, Still Forever, Pandemonium, Dirty Mice, Gleick and Reigns of Monty Carlo. International guest artists include Neil Milton (Warsaw), No-way Sweden (Melbourne), Red Martian (Seattle), Warscapes (Paris) and Daniel Maze (Vancouver). Valentine has also promoted a variety of live events over the years, including showcases at Manchester's In The City and Futuresonic Festivals, alongside the clubnights To Amy With Love, Transmission: Manchester, Rebellious Jukebox, TAGO>MAGO and SOUND>VISION. In 2016, along with AnalogueTrash Records, the label hosted the two day FOUNDATIONS micro-festival, celebrating grassroots live music, creative collaboration, community networking and multimedia art/film and performance. Featured live acts have included Cylob, Max Tundra, Capitol K, ¡Forward, Russia!, Damo Suzuki, Kylie Minoise and iLiKETRAiNS.

text:
# Valentine Records

**Valentine Records** is a British independent record label, based in Manchester, England and founded in September 2001.

Its initial roster comprised guitar bands such as Extinguish Her, Chevron, Palo Alto and Five Years Later as well as electronic/laptop artists such as I-Node, doublejo(H)ngrey, Lynskey, Ultrafoetus and The Hi Fi Renaissance.

At present the roster comprises Mark Corrin (aka Shirokuma, formerly of Faith & Hope Records), John Callaghan (also of Warp Records/Uncharted Audio), Babyslave, I-Lucifer, Still Forever, Pandemonium, Dirty Mice, Gleick and Reigns of Monty Carlo.

International guest artists include Neil Milton (Warsaw), No-way Sweden (Melbourne), Red Martian (Seattle), Warscapes (Paris) and Daniel Maze (Vancouver).

Valentine has also promoted a variety of live events over the years, including showcases at Manchester's In The City and Futuresonic Festivals, alongside the clubnights *To Amy With Love*, *Transmission: Manchester*, *Rebellious Jukebox*, *TAGO\>MAGO* and *SOUND\>VISION.* In 2016, along with AnalogueTrash Records, the label hosted the two day FOUNDATIONS micro-festival, celebrating grassroots live music, creative collaboration, community networking and multimedia art/film and performance.

Featured live acts have included Cylob, Max Tundra, Capitol K, ¡Forward, Russia!, Damo Suzuki, Kylie Minoise and iLiKETRAiNS.

## Discography

| Artist | Title | Cat No |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Hi Fi Renaissance | *4 Track EP* | Valentine 001 |
| Extinguish Her | *Reflect On My Mistakes* | Valentine 002 |
| Five Years Later | *My Identical EP* | Valentine 003 |
| Chevron | *Keep Two Apart/Twisted & Fallen* | Valentine 004 |
| Palo Alto | *Still EP* | Valentine 005 |
| Various | *A Valentine Records Sampler* | Valentine 006 |
| I-Node | *La Souteneur Numerique* | Valentine 007 |
| Palo Alto | *Wades into Water* | Valentine 008 |
| doublejo(H)ngrey | *Life's A Lot of Fun* | Valentine 009 |
| Various | *To Amy With Love* | Valentine 010 |
| Lynskey | *The Complete Guide to Spacefolk* | Valentine 011 |
| Cartwheel | *Man: In Love with Machine EP* | Valentine 012 |
| Joe Ladyboy | *Mekano Disco* | Valentine 013 |
| Penguin Map Mijinko | *Corporate Policy EP* | Valentine 014 |
| Ultrafoetus | *EP1* | Valentine 015 |
| Extinguish Her | *Hit My Head* | Valentine 016 |
| Penguin Map Mijinko | *Adventure Island* | Valentine 017 |
| Babyslave | *Babyslave* | Valentine 018 |
| The Hi Fi Renaissance | *The Music of Chance* | Valentine 019 |
| Various | *Dirty Valentine* | Valentine 020 |

## InfoBox

| Valentine Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2001 |
| Genre | Various |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Location | Manchester |
| Official website |  |


title: Plain Truth

abstract:
Plain Truth may refer to:
  - Plain Truth (novel), 2001 novel by Jodi Picoult
    - Plain Truth (film), 2004 TV drama directed by Paul Shapiro based on the novel
  - Plain Truth (pamphlet), 1776 pamphlet authored by loyalist James Chalmers during the American Revolution as a rebuke of Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense
  - The Plain Truth, free of charge monthly magazine, first published in 1934 by Herbert W. Armstrong, founder of The Radio Church of God, which he later named The Worldwide Church of God

text:
# Plain Truth

**Plain Truth** may refer to:

* *Plain Truth* (novel), 2001 novel by Jodi Picoult
* Plain Truth (pamphlet), 1776 pamphlet authored by loyalist James Chalmers during the American Revolution as a rebuke of Thomas Paine's pamphlet *Common Sense*
* *The Plain Truth*, free of charge monthly magazine, first published in 1934 by Herbert W. Armstrong, founder of The Radio Church of God, which he later named The Worldwide Church of God


title: Walter de Kenley

abstract: Walter de Kenley, or de Kenleye, was an Irish Crown servant, statesman, judge and military commander. He was one of the first Crown servants to hold the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland. He was born in County Kildare, nephew of Albert de Kenley of Kindlestown Castle, County Wicklow, High Sheriff of Kildare in 1301, and like his nephew an official of the Exchequer of Ireland, as was Albert's uncle, Master John de Kenley. Walter was a leading military commander who gave good service against the Gaelic clans at Glendalough in the Wicklow Mountains in 1302. He was knighted in 1303. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1292 and a judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) in 1305. He died in 1308.

text:
# Walter de Kenley

**Walter de Kenley**, or **de Kenleye**, (died 1308) was an Irish Crown servant, statesman, judge and military commander. He was one of the first Crown servants to hold the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland.

He was born in County Kildare, nephew of Albert de Kenley of Kindlestown Castle, County Wicklow, High Sheriff of Kildare in 1301, and like his nephew an official of the Exchequer of Ireland, as was Albert's uncle, Master John de Kenley.

Walter was a leading military commander who gave good service against the Gaelic clans at Glendalough in the Wicklow Mountains in 1302. He was knighted in 1303. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1292 and a judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) in 1305. He died in 1308.

* Ball, F. Elrington. *The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921*. London: John Murray. 1926.
* *Petition of Thomas Cantock Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1305*. National Archives. SC 8/100/4960.


title: Harry Sutcliffe

abstract: Harry Sutcliffe is a British composer, musician and sound engineer, probably best known for his sequencing and programming work with numerous British pop-music bands.

text:
# Harry Sutcliffe

**Harry Sutcliffe** is a British composer, musician and sound engineer, probably best known for his sequencing and programming work with numerous British pop-music bands.

## Career

Sutcliffe began playing bass guitar and drums for various local bands before gaining a position at a local independent label, Wye Records who had previously been contracted with UB40. After gaining an experience with the A&R side of the business, to which Harry would later return, he worked as a freelance songwriter composing and arranging background music for television shows and commercials. His work on this front got him noticed and he subsequently gained work as a respected audio programmer particularly with regards to working on Oberheim\_DMX and also Linn Drum LM1, as well as respected sound engineer in various studios working alongside numerous record producers including Pascal Gabriel, Hugh Padgham, Simon Fung, Christopher Neil, Ricki Wilde, Mike Batt, Axel Kröll, Chris Hughes and Mike Edwards. His studio and live work has included working with Deacon Blue, And Why Not, Aztec Camera, Meja, Janet Jackson, Level 42, Atomic Kitten, Richard Darbyshire, Ellis, Beggs and Howard, Andrew Roachford, Darren Hayes, The Corrs, Do, Living Colour, Eros Ramazzotti, EMF, Martine McCutcheon, Tears For Fears, Axel Bauer, Robbie Williams, Sonique, Lily Allen, Katie Melua, Gary Numan, Mecano, Garbage and Jesus Jones.

Sutcliffe latterly formed a group called There She Was, engineering as well producing their recorded material. This group had become known around the UK for their live performances and post-punk sound and often headlined local festivals with other successful bands including Pop Will Eat Itself and Ned's Atomic Dustbin.

## Post career

In the late 1990s he moved into the business side of the music industry, initially within A&R for Arista Records working closely with Blondie, Natalie Imbruglia, Kent, Five, Beth Orton, Avril Lavigne, Jennifer Brown, Howard Donald, Whitney Houston, TLC, Westlife and Death in Vegas. He also returned to the studio to work on producing material for Nan Vernon formerly of The Spiritual Cowboys


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Nodaway County, Missouri. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Nodaway County, Missouri

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Nodaway County, Missouri**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Administrative Building |  | July 26, 2010
(#10000504) | 800 University Dr.
40°21′12″N 94°52′58″W / 40.353333°N 94.882778°W / 40.353333; -94.882778 (Administrative Building) | Maryville |  |
| 2 | Caleb Burns House |  | November 17, 1980
(#80002385) | 422 W. 2nd St.
40°20′49″N 94°52′37″W / 40.346944°N 94.876944°W / 40.346944; -94.876944 (Caleb Burns House) | Maryville |  |
| 3 | John and Fannie Fields House |  | June 7, 2019
(#100004018) | 227 McKenzie St.
40°10′27″N 94°49′20″W / 40.1743°N 94.8222°W / 40.1743; -94.8222 (John and Fannie Fields House) | Barnard |  |
| 4 | Frank House |  | September 8, 1983
(#83001032) | 307 E. 7th St.
40°21′08″N 94°52′13″W / 40.352215°N 94.870269°W / 40.352215; -94.870269 (Frank House) | Maryville |  |
| 5 | Thomas Gaunt House |  | April 19, 1979
(#79001385) | 703 College Ave.
40°21′00″N 94°52′55″W / 40.35°N 94.881944°W / 40.35; -94.881944 (Thomas Gaunt House) | Maryville | Residence of the President of Northwest Missouri State University |
| 6 | Maryville Post Office |  | September 26, 2022
(#100008204) | 509 North Main St.
40°21′00″N 94°52′22″W / 40.3500°N 94.8728°W / 40.3500; -94.8728 (Maryville Post Office) | Maryville | Now houses the local library |
| 7 | Nodaway County Courthouse |  | October 11, 1979
(#79001386) | 3rd and Main Sts.
40°20′55″N 94°52′23″W / 40.348611°N 94.873056°W / 40.348611; -94.873056 (Nodaway County Courthouse) | Maryville |  |
| 8 | Possum Walk Hotel |  | March 29, 1983
(#83001033) | North of Burlington Junction
40°29′46″N 95°05′10″W / 40.496111°N 95.086111°W / 40.496111; -95.086111 (Possum Walk Hotel) | Burlington Junction |  |
| 9 | Simpson's College |  | January 30, 1978
(#78001670) | 515 E. Jackson St.
40°12′01″N 95°02′01″W / 40.200278°N 95.033611°W / 40.200278; -95.033611 (Simpson's College) | Graham |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Big Pump |  | September 18, 1980
(#80002384) | December 19, 1994 | 903 S. Main St.
 | Maryville | Delisted due to relocation to King City. |


title: Interleukin 30

abstract: Interleukin 30 (IL-30) forms one chain of the heterodimeric cytokine called interleukin 27 (IL-27), thus it is also called IL27-p28. IL-27 is composed of α chain p28 and β chain Epstain-Barr induce gene-3 (EBI3). The p28 subunit, or IL-30, has an important role as a part of IL-27, but it can be secreted as a separate monomer and has its own functions in the absence of EBI3. The discovery of IL-30 as individual cytokine is relatively new and thus its role in the modulation of the immune response is not fully understood.

text:
# Interleukin 30

**Interleukin 30** (IL-30) forms one chain of the heterodimeric cytokine called interleukin 27 (IL-27), thus it is also called IL27-p28. IL-27 is composed of α chain p28 and β chain Epstain-Barr induce gene-3 (EBI3). The p28 subunit, or IL-30, has an important role as a part of IL-27, but it can be secreted as a separate monomer and has its own functions in the absence of EBI3. The discovery of IL-30 as individual cytokine is relatively new and thus its role in the modulation of the immune response is not fully understood.

## Function

IL-30 monomer is believed to have some functions similar to IL-27, even though there are more information and research on the IL-27 than IL-30. Both IL-27 and IL-30 alone can regulate inflammation by inhibiting Th17 cells production using STAT1 pathway. Although IL-30 has similar effect as IL-27 on the production of IL-17, it has a lower efficiency than IL-27. If secreted as a monomer, IL-30 was observed to act as a suppressor of the IL-27 signalling pathway. Similar to subunit p40 of IL-12 which competitively bind to IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) complex, IL-30 most likely binds to IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) receptor and thus prevents the binding of IL-27. Since part of IL-27R is subunit gp130, which is also part of IL-6R, IL-30 can also act as an antagonist for IL-6 and thus suppress the production of Th17 and Th1 cells. Receptor subunit gp130 plays an important role in receptors for multiple cytokines, there is a possibility that IL-30 can affect also other cytokine signalling.

IL-30 can also form an alternative heterodimer with the EBI3 homolog cytokine-like factor 1 (CLF) called p28/CLF. This complex is produced by dendritic cells. p28/CLF binds to IL-6Rα and gp130 subunits of IL-6 receptor. It stimulates NK cells and thus increases production of IFN-γ. It can also induce production of IgG1c, IgG2c and IgM.

Artificially, IL-30 can form a heterodimer with p40 β chain of IL-12 creating novel recombinant protein p28/p40 that is biologically active, which suggest the α and β chains of cytokines from IL-12 family may form different heterodimers in nature. This recombinant protein has suppressive effect on Th17 cells that comes from inhibiting the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 pathways, which are normally induced through gp130 receptor by IL-6 and IL-27. p28/p40 also inhibits the expansion of Th1 cells. Both of those functions could potentially be beneficial in treatment of some autoimmune diseases.

It has been indicated that IL-30 plays a role in the regulation of prostate and breast cancer. It is linked with tumor progression as well as metastasization.

## Structure

IL-30 is a protein from the IL-6 cytokine family with molecular weight of 28 kilodaltons (thus the name IL27-p28). It is a member of the long-chain, 4-helix bundle family of cytokines, making it structurally similar to IL-6.

The human gene for IL-30 is located on chromosome 16p11. This gene for this molecule is now officially called IL-27 under HGNC guidelines.

## Cancer

IL-30 was found to be expressed in prostate and breast cancer by both cancer cells and tumor- or LN-infiltrating leukocytes, mostly myeloid cells, particularly in high-grade and stage of the diseases.

### Prostate cancer

Recent studies provided evidence that IL-30 is implicated in prostate cancer progression. IL-30, absent in normal prostatic epithelia, was found to be expressed by cancerous epithelia. IL-30 expression by prostate cancer epithelia and leukocytes infiltrating tumor and draining lymph nodes correlates with high-grade and advanced-stage prostate cancer.

IL-30 promotes prostate cancer stem-like cells viability, self-renewal ability, tumorigenic and metastatic potential, it regulates, essentially via STAT1 and STAT3 signaling, a range of proinflammatory and chemokine/chemokine-receptor genes that promote tumor growth.

IL-30 is emerging as a new and intriguing factor that may condition prostate cancer onset and progression. It is produced by tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, mostly myeloid derived cells.

Discrimination of molecular pathways driving tumor growth and progression is important to identify novel prognostic markers and targets for new posibble treatments. Revealing that IL-30 displays cancer-promoting effects, strongly nominate this cytokine as a novel molecule shaping the tumor and lymph node microenvironment.

IL30 plays an important role in regulating prostate cancer stem-like cell behavior and metastatic potential. Hence targeting IL-30 signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer progression and recurrence.

Targeting IL-30 in both cancer and host environment consistently inhibits tumor growth, ameliorates immune reactivity and reduces the risks of disease recurrence. Studies suggested therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against IL-30 as a for cancer treatment.

### Breast cancer

IL-30 was identified as a cytokine able to condition, in an autocrine or paracrine manner, gene expression profile, at times the viability, motility, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells and to generate an inflammatory and prometastatic milieu supporting tumor growth and progression.

High levels of IL-30 in myeloid derived cells of tumor-draining lymph nodes from breast cancer patients have also proven to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis, thus suggesting the involvement of IL-30, produced by the host's immune cells, in conditioning tumor behavior and patient outcome.

Directly and/or by subverting multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, IL-30 favors cancer cell proliferation, migration, and dissemination. That may boost cancer cell expression of cytokines and chemokines, which promote myeloid cell recruitment and tumor progression.

High level of IL-30 in breast cancer draining lymph nodes is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome. Identification of IL-30 in breast and draining lymph nodes may provide a new prognostic tool and target for a tailored breast cancer therapy in the emerging era of personalized medicine.

## Therapeutic use

IL-30, or a heterodimer p28/p40, could potentially be used as an immunosuppressant for autoimmune and severe systematic inflammatory diseases. IL-30 could also be a potential target for cancer treatment.

## InfoBox

| IL27 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | IL27, IL-27, IL-27A, IL27A, IL27p28, IL30, p28, Interleukin 30, IL-30, interleukin 27 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 608273; MGI: 2384409; HomoloGene: 17087; GeneCards: IL27; OMA:IL27 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_145659   NM\_145636   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_663634   NP\_663611   Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 28.5 – 28.51 Mb Chr 7: 126.19 – 126.19 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Learning to Talk

abstract: Learning to Talk is the first short story collection by English author Hilary Mantel published in 2003 by Fourth Estate.

text:
# Learning to Talk

***Learning to Talk*** is the first short story collection by English author Hilary Mantel published in 2003 by Fourth Estate.

## Stories

Most of the stories are narrated by an adult thinking about their childhoods, many of which echo Hilary Mantel's life

* **King Billy is a Gentleman** (*New Writing 1992*, Minerva) - Liam's father has left and is replaced by a lodger, who now provides Liam's mother with his income. Then a family moves next door with two children, who antagonate Liam, revealing that Liam has an Irish Catholic background, bubbling under the sectarianism between the two families...
* **Destroyed** (*Granta* issue #63, 1998) - Her dog Victor died and was replaced by two puppies, Victor and Mike. The two dogs were very different as they grew up, but her family were not always truthful...
* **Curved is the Line of Beauty** (*TLS* #5157) - In 1962 the family (except the father) set off to Birmingham in Jack the lodger's car. Jack's friend Jacob was from Africa - the narrator had never met a black man. Then Jacob's niece Tabby arrived and the narrator went for a walk with her where they entered a scrapyard and were soon lost...
* **Learning to Talk** (*The London Magazine*, 1987) - The narrator moved from the Pennines to Cheshire where she took elocution lessons to tone down her northern accent. She never enjoyed the lessons but managed to pass her diploma...
* **Third Floor Rising** (*The Times Magazine*, 2000) - A mother and then her daughter worked in Affleck & Brown in Manchester.
* **The Clean Slate** (*Woman & Home*, 2001) - She visits her mother Veronica and reminisces about herself growing up in Derwent, Derbyshire, later submerged by the Ladybower Reservoir. She finds her mother's facts to be full of untruths and exaggerations...

## Reception

Upon release, *Learning to Talk* was generally well-received among British press. *The Daily Telegraph* reported on reviews from several publications with a rating scale for the novel out of "Love It", "Pretty Good", "Ok", and "Rubbish": *Daily Telegraph*, *Guardian*, *Sunday Times*, and *TLS* reviews under "Love It" and *Literary Review* review under "Pretty Good" and *Independent On Sunday* review under "Ok".

* Elaine Showalter writing in *The Guardian* praises the collection: "Mantel connects her memories of being a child, and her acceptance of having no child, through gothic images of drastic loss or gain of weight, houses too small or too large, and unfinished stories, long or short, "unborn" works in progress that haunt her but also drive her forward. These narratives obsess and pursue her: "The story of my own childhood is a complicated sentence that I am always trying to finish and put behind me." But that story resists completion; that sentence can never be finally served out. Thus in the autobiographically inspired stories of Learning to Talk, Mantel revisits her childhood and reimagines her past from different perspectives."
* Penelope Lively from *The Sunday Times* also praises the collection: "The smart social historian of the future will do well to pay close attention to Mantel. Never mind the facts and the figures, it is in sparkling writing such as this that the truth is told. Both her memoir and these stories are a maverick vision of growing up acute and disenchanted in the north in the mid-20th century. Both are written with wry, dry wit and are occasionally hilarious."
* Jane Gardam in *The Spectator* is more circumspect: "the mood generally is dark and raw and everything seen by twilight. We see through children's eyes. We watch little posses of children walking thoughtfully on pavements in a sort of fog. They carry mysterious parcels. They are secretive and bewildered. This was 40 years ago. Do we still see them walking along like this with their mates, carrying their amulets? Now they seem to sit alone indoors, eating over a screen. But in some things they may be happier. Neighbours don't often stand dourly by watching a child hounded to suicide by a mad father obsessed by a vegetable patch. Nor do they spurn a child because his mother may be sleeping with her lodger. Nor is it so amazing for a white family to befriend a black family. Nor do we now fear to say 'black' and write it b\***k. Or does some of this blanketed, primitive world still exist 'up there'?"

## InfoBox

Learning to Talk
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Hilary Mantel |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Fourth Estate |
| Publication date | 2003 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 160 |
| ISBN | 978-0-0071-66442 |


title: Valentine Remmel

abstract: Valentine Remmel was a member of the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who was nominated for Vice President of the United States on the SLP ticket in 1900. Before that, he had been a candidate for the Presidential nomination, but was defeated by his later running mate, Joseph F. Malloney. A glass blower by profession and active in the labor movement, he left the SLP later between 1901 and 1910. Remmel was the later also the SLP nominee for judge of the Pennsylvania Superior Court.

text:
# Valentine Remmel

**Valentine Remmel** (March 9, 1853 - May 9, 1929) was a member of the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who was nominated for Vice President of the United States on the SLP ticket in 1900. Before that, he had been a candidate for the Presidential nomination, but was defeated by his later running mate, Joseph F. Malloney. A glass blower by profession and active in the labor movement, he left the SLP later between 1901 and 1910.

Remmel was the later also the SLP nominee for judge of the Pennsylvania Superior Court.


abstract: Randolph County School District, also known as Oak Ridge Central Schools (ORC), was a school district based in Randolph County, Arkansas, near Ravenden Springs. The district had elementary and high school divisions. On July 1, 2004 the district merged with the Williford School District to form the Twin Rivers School District. On July 1, 2010, the Twin Rivers district was dissolved, and both of the district's schools were closed at the time of the dissolution. Sections of the former Randolph County school district were reassigned to the Mammoth Spring, Maynard, Pocahontas, and Sloan-Hendrix districts.

text:
# Randolph County School District (Arkansas)

**Randolph County School District**, also known as **Oak Ridge Central Schools** (**ORC**), was a school district based in Randolph County, Arkansas, near Ravenden Springs. The district had elementary and high school divisions.

On July 1, 2004 the district merged with the Williford School District to form the Twin Rivers School District. On July 1, 2010, the Twin Rivers district was dissolved, and both of the district's schools were closed at the time of the dissolution. Sections of the former Randolph County school district were reassigned to the Mammoth Spring, Maynard, Pocahontas, and Sloan-Hendrix districts.

## Further reading

Maps of the predecessor districts:

* "Arkansas Department of Education school district maps, 1952-1954 Randolph County, 1952-1954". *Arkansas Digital Archives*. Arkansas State Archives. (Download)


title: Freedom Williams

abstract: Frederick Brandon "Freedom" Williams is an American rapper, singer and songwriter, who gained fame as the lead rapper on C+C Music Factory's biggest hits.

text:
# Freedom Williams

**Frederick Brandon** "**Freedom**" **Williams** (born February 13, 1966) is an American rapper, singer and songwriter, who gained fame as the lead rapper on C+C Music Factory's biggest hits.

## Career

Born in Brooklyn in 1966, Williams went to school to become an audio engineer and worked as a janitor at New York's Quad Recording Studios. At the time, Robert Clivillés and David Cole frequently used this studio. Clivillés and Cole heard and liked Williams' baritone timbre and rhythmic flow and they recruited Williams to rap on their 1990 debut album *Gonna Make You Sweat* as part of Clivillés and Cole’s music group C+C Music Factory. Williams' rapping can be prominently heard on many of the songs on the album, including *Billboard* Hot 100 No. 1 "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)", as well as other major hits "Here We Go (Let's Rock & Roll)" and "Things That Make You Go Hmmm..." (both released as singles in 1991). All three of those songs hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. According to C+C Music Factory founder Clivillés, he and Cole had asked him in 1994 to work on new C+C Music Factory material, but Williams refused.

Williams' solo debut, *Freedom* was released on June 1, 1993 on Columbia Records. The single "Voice of Freedom" peaked at No. 74 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 4 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1993, and its follow-up "Groove Your Mind" also charted on the Club Play chart, peaking at No. 33. In 2004, he enjoyed chart success again in the UK with his single "Sweat the Remixes" on RMD Entertainment. The song got national airplay and peaked at No. 8 on the UK Dance Charts that year. Williams contributed all the rap vocals for Eurodance act Masterboy's digital-only best-of-release "US Album" from 2006.

Williams was the majority owner of the Continental Basketball Association's Atlanta Krunk franchise.

In the late 1990s, Williams started to worldwide perform shows under the C+C Music Factory, or a variation of that name. In 2005 C+C Music Factory founding member Clivillés labeled this "the biggest insult in the world". In 2003, Freedom Williams acquired the federal trademark to use the name "C and C Music Factory" for live performances. Williams toured under that name until renewing his trademark to "C & C Music Factory" in 2014. As of 2014, Williams has owned the trademark rights to the name for all related efforts, not just live performances.

### Albums

* *Freedom* (1993, Columbia Records)
* *Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)* (2004, RMD Entertainment/Mega Bop)

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | AUS
 | NZ
 | UK
 | |
| "Voice of Freedom" | 1993 | 41 | 24 | 62 | *Freedom* |
| | "Groove Your Mind" |  |  | |  |

* "Another Night"
* "Into the Future", a collaboration with Mark E Walker (who has a hit with Stevie B)

## InfoBox

| Freedom Williams | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Frederick Brandon Williams |
| Born | (1966-02-13) February 13, 1966
Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Genres | Hip-hop, dance |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 1983–present |
| Labels | Columbia Records (1993–1997)
RMD Entertainment/Mega Bop (2004–present) |
|  | |
| Website | MySpace account |


title: Helena Braun

abstract: Helena Braun was a German dramatic soprano. She made her stage debut in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro in 1928 and joined the Vienna State Opera and the Bavarian State Opera in 1939 and 1940, respectively. She became known for Wagnerian roles such as Brünnhilde in Der Ring des Nibelungen and Ortrud in Lohengrin. Braun performed at the Metropolitan Opera for a brief period in 1949–1950 with her husband, Ferdinand Frantz, as a temporary replacement for Helen Traubel who had laryngitis. She continued singing in Munich in the 1950s with several international guest performances, and retired from opera after Frantz's death in 1959.

text:
# Helena Braun

**Helena Braun** (20 March 1903 – 2 September 1990) was a German dramatic soprano. She made her stage debut in Mozart's *Le nozze di Figaro* in 1928 and joined the Vienna State Opera and the Bavarian State Opera in 1939 and 1940, respectively. She became known for Wagnerian roles such as Brünnhilde in *Der Ring des Nibelungen* and Ortrud in *Lohengrin*.

Braun performed at the Metropolitan Opera for a brief period in 1949–1950 with her husband, Ferdinand Frantz, as a temporary replacement for Helen Traubel who had laryngitis. She continued singing in Munich in the 1950s with several international guest performances, and retired from opera after Frantz's death in 1959.

## Early life

Helena Braun was born in Düsseldorf on 20 March 1903. She was initially trained as a mezzo-soprano and studied with Heinrich van Helden, a local baritone in Düsseldorf. Her early studies included roles such as the title character of Bizet's *Carmen* and Azucena from Verdi's *Il trovatore*. She also trained in Cologne and in Vienna with Hermann Gallos and Hans Duhan.

## Career

Braun's stage debut was in Mozart's *Le nozze di Figaro* at the Theater Koblenz in 1928. She performed at several smaller theatres over the next decade, joining the Bielefeld Opera in 1930, the Opernhaus Wuppertal in 1932, and the Wiesbaden Opera in 1933. During this time she switched to dramatic soprano roles. In 1939, she performed at the *Zoppot Festspiele* as Brünnhilde in Wagner's *Der Ring des Nibelungen*. She was a member of the Vienna State Opera from 1939 to 1949, and of the Bavarian State Opera from 1940 until her retirement in 1959.

She created the title role of Rudolf Wagner-Régeny's *Johanna Balk* in Vienna on 4 April 1941. The opera was met with a hostile public response for its perceived anti-fascist themes and apparent influence of the German-Jewish composer Kurt Weill, as well as its unconventional musical elements. However, the German musicologist Dieter Härtwig later praised the expressiveness of Braun's performances. That same year she returned to the *Zoppot Festspiele* as Ortrud in Wagner's *Lohengrin*. She sang at the 1941 and 1942 Salzburg Festivals as Donna Anna in Mozart's *Don Giovanni* and as the Countess in *Figaro*, respectively. In reviews of the 1942 recording, critics later characterized Braun as a "better-than-average" Countess but ranked her performance below those of Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Lisa Della Casa, and Kiri Te Kanawa.

Braun was married to the German bass-baritone Ferdinand Frantz and accompanied him to New York City "just for the trip" when he sang with the Metropolitan Opera. On 21 December 1949, a week after Frantz's debut at the Met, Braun made her own Met debut when she assumed the role of Brünnhilde in *Die Walküre* on four hours' notice after Helen Traubel became ill with laryngitis. Astrid Varnay, who was usually Traubel's replacement, was also unavailable. Howard Taubman of *The New York Times* reported that the audience members, who were initially disappointed by Traubel's absence, were heartened by Braun's performance opposite Frantz, who sang as Wotan. Taubman applauded Braun's confident performance and concluded: "Here was a Brünnhilde who acted and sang as if she belonged in a performance of a great music-drama in a great opera house." The success of her performance earned her a two-month contract with the Met to continue singing as Brünnhilde and other Wagnerian roles.

She continued performing with the Bavarian State Opera in the 1950s. Her guest performances included the Palais Garnier in 1950, the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in 1952 as Brünnhilde, and the Opéra de Monte-Carlo in 1953 as Ortrud. Other Wagnerian roles in her repertoire were Kundry in *Parsifal*, Isolde in *Tristan und Isolde*, and Venus in *Tannhäuser*. Braun's roles dwindled after 1956 when she was replaced as Brünnhilde by Birgit Nilsson in Munich; Frantz protested the replacement by refusing to sing as Wotan.

## Retirement

Braun retired from the opera after Frantz's death in 1959. She gave a farewell performance as Ortrud in Munich that year. In her later life, she moved several times and lived in Hohenpeißenberg, Wiesbaden, Sulzberg (in Oberallgäu), and Sonthofen. Braun died at her home in Sonthofen on 2 September 1990, at the age of 87.

## Recordings

*The Opera Quarterly* named Braun among a group of "major singers heard on disc only sporadically". In addition to the full-length opera recordings in the following list, she also recorded selections from Wagner's *Götterdämmerung*, *Der fliegende Holländer*, and *Parsifal*, Gluck's *Iphigénie en Aulide*, and Borodin's *Prince Igor*.

| Year | Role | Other cast | Conductor
Opera house and orchestra | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1942 | Mozart
*Le nozze di Figaro*
(The Countess) | Hans Hotter
Erich Kunz
Irma Beilke
Gerda Sommerschuh
Gustav Neidlinger
Res Fischer
Josef Witt | Clemens Krauss
Vienna Philharmonic, Konzertvereinigung Wiener Staatsopernchor
Recorded at the 1942 Salzburg Festival | Preiser Records |  |
| 1949 | Wagner
*Die Walküre*
(Brünnhilde) | Hilde Konetzni
Rosette Anday
Günther Treptow
Ferdinand Frantz
Herbert Alsen | Rudolf Moralt
Vienna Symphony | Myto Records |  |
| 1950 | Wagner
*Tristan und Isolde*
(Isolde) | Günther Treptow
Margarete Klose
Paul Schöffler | Hans Knappertsbusch
Bavarian State Opera | Orfeo |  |
| 1952 | Wagner
*Lohengrin*
(Ortrud) | Lorenz Fehrenberger
Annelies Kupper
Ferdinand Frantz | Eugen Jochum
Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra | Preiser Records |  |
| 1952 | Wagner
*Tristan und Isolde*
(Isolde) | Günther Treptow
Ferdinand Frantz
Rudolf Großmann
Margarete Klose | Erich Kleiber
Bavarian State Opera | Myto Records |  |

## InfoBox

| Helena Braun | |
| --- | --- |
| Braun, c.1950 | |
| Born | (1903-03-20)20 March 1903
Düsseldorf, Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 2 September 1990(1990-09-02) (aged 87)
Sonthofen, Bavaria, Germany |
| Occupation | Operatic soprano |
| Years active | 1928–1959 |
| Organisation(s) | Bavarian State Opera
Vienna State Opera |
| Spouse | Ferdinand Frantz |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Walther von Wartburg

abstract: Walther von Wartburg (-Boos) was a Swiss philologist and lexicographer. He was the editor-in-chief of the Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (FEW). After studying at the universities of Berne, Zurich, Florence and Paris, in 1918 he presented his doctoral thesis Zur Benennung des Schafes in den romanischen Sprachen. In 1921 he became Privatdozent at Berne. He worked in the method of Lausanne, and later studied, from 1929 to 1939, at the University of Leipzig. From 1940 to 1959, he was Professor of French Philology at the University of Basle. His chief work is without a doubt the "Etymological French Dictionary". Von Wartburg had honorary doctorates from the University of Lausanne and the University of Leeds. In 1963 he received the German Order of Merit for Science and the Arts. Today, a literary award, the Prix Wartburg de Littérature, is awarded each 25 April in recognition of a défenseur de la langue française, remarquable pour l'élégance de son écriture et/ou pour son anticonformisme. Il ne récompense pas nécessairement un ouvrage paru dans l'année précédente : il peut aussi marquer l'ensemble d'une œuvre ou un livre plus ancien: "Defender of the French language, remarkable for the elegance of his writing and/or for his non-conformity. It is not necessarily given for a work published in the previous year: it can also mark the completion of a work or a much older book". He was married four times, the last to the Swiss German debutante Fräulein Gisela von Richthoffen.

text:
# Walther von Wartburg

**Walther von Wartburg (-Boos)** (18 May 1888; Riedholz  15 August 1971; Basel) was a Swiss philologist and lexicographer. He was the editor-in-chief of the *Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch* (FEW).

After studying at the universities of Berne, Zurich, Florence and Paris (The Sorbonne), in 1918 he presented his doctoral thesis *Zur Benennung des Schafes in den romanischen Sprachen* ("Names for sheep in Romance languages"). In 1921 he became Privatdozent at Berne. He worked in the method of Lausanne, and later studied, from 1929 to 1939, at the University of Leipzig. From 1940 to 1959, he was Professor of French Philology at the University of Basle.

His chief work is without a doubt the "Etymological French Dictionary" (whose original German title is *Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch*).

Von Wartburg had honorary doctorates from the University of Lausanne and the University of Leeds. In 1963 he received the German Order of Merit for Science and the Arts.

Today, a literary award, the Prix Wartburg de Littérature, is awarded each 25 April in recognition of a *défenseur de la langue française, remarquable pour l'élégance de son écriture et/ou pour son anticonformisme. Il ne récompense pas nécessairement un ouvrage paru dans l'année précédente : il peut aussi marquer l'ensemble d'une œuvre ou un livre plus ancien*: "Defender of the French language, remarkable for the elegance of his writing and/or for his non-conformity. It is not necessarily given for a work published in the previous year: it can also mark the completion of a work or a much older book".

He was married four times, the last to the Swiss German debutante Fräulein Gisela von Richthoffen.


title: Harpur Hill Quarry

abstract: Harpur Hill Quarry is a disused limestone quarry on Harpur Hill, Derbyshire, England. Limestone was extracted there from 1835 to 1952 for lime burning at lime kilns to produce quicklime. The quarry was used by the Royal Air Force as a chemical weapons storage depot during the Second World War, the largest such depot in the United Kingdom. Afterwards a number of captured German chemical munitions were disposed of at the site by burning, which was only partially successful. The RAF depot closed in 1960 and the site is now vacant. A small part of the abandoned quarry has flooded to become a quarry lake. Its water has a very high pH, that is, it is very alkaline, owing to the presence of caustic chemicals that are leaching from the waste left from the lime burning. The lake water has a vivid blue colour due to the scattering of light by finely dispersed particles of calcium carbonate. Despite signs warning of the health risks the lake became a popular tourist destination and swimming spot. The local High Peak Borough Council dyed the water black in 2013, 2016 and 2020 in an attempt to deter swimmers.

text:
# Harpur Hill Quarry

**Harpur Hill Quarry** is a disused limestone quarry on Harpur Hill, Derbyshire, England. Limestone was extracted there from 1835 to 1952 for lime burning at lime kilns to produce quicklime. The quarry was used by the Royal Air Force as a chemical weapons storage depot during the Second World War, the largest such depot in the United Kingdom. Afterwards a number of captured German chemical munitions were disposed of at the site by burning, which was only partially successful. The RAF depot closed in 1960 and the site is now vacant.

A small part of the abandoned quarry has flooded to become a quarry lake. Its water has a very high pH, that is, it is very alkaline, owing to the presence of caustic chemicals that are leaching from the waste left from the lime burning. The lake water has a vivid blue colour due to the scattering of light by finely dispersed particles of calcium carbonate. Despite signs warning of the health risks the lake became a popular tourist destination and swimming spot. The local High Peak Borough Council dyed the water black in 2013, 2016 and 2020 in an attempt to deter swimmers.

## History

The site near Harpur Hill, south of Buxton, was worked as a limestone quarry. Small-scale lime burning had taken place near Harpur Hill since at least the 1600s, initially around Grin Low near Poole's Cavern to the north, using lime kilns to produce quicklime by calcinating the limestone (mainly Bee Low Limestones) quarried nearby (that is, heating calcium carbonate to produce calcium oxide). A site beside the quarry was used for large-scale lime production from around 1835 to around 1952, using larger shaft kilns and then a multi-chambered Hoffmann kiln, operated by Buxton Lime Firms Ltd (later Brunner Mond from 1918, and then ICI from 1926). The Hoffmann lime kiln was demolished in 1980 to create space for an industrial estate. Large volumes of solid waste from the lime burning were dumped in tips nearby, creating spoil heaps contaminated with traces of quicklime and with ash from the coal used in the process. Water percolating through the waste leaches calcium hydroxide and becomes alkaline.

The site was taken over by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1938 for use as a depot for the storage of chemical weapons. Poor weather delayed construction and the depot did not become operational until 1940.

During the Second World War it was the largest chemical weapons storage depot in the country, covering some 500 acres (2.0 km2).

After the war the site was occupied by an RAF unexploded ordnance disposal unit, known as an X station, and used for storage and disarmament of captured German chemical weapons and V-rocket warheads. The RAF disposed of chemical weapons, including mustard gas and phosgene, by burning it with bleach on the surrounding hills. This proved unsustainable, as large quantities of smoke were produced and the destruction was incomplete. Some mustard gas escaped as a vapour and much of the nearby vegetation was killed. The site also housed an RAF Mountain Rescue team who attended air crashes across Derbyshire. The RAF depot closed down in 1960.

## Blue lagoon

A quarry lake, officially known as Hoffman Quarry but also known as the Blue Lagoon, at the site became a tourist attraction owing to its vivid turquoise-blue coloration. It has attracted visitors from across the country. The colour derives from the scattering of light by small particles of calcium carbonate that are precipitating within the water. The caustic quicklime dissolved in the water gives it a pH level of 11.3 (by comparison bleach has a pH of 12.3).

Signs at the site state the water can cause "skin and eye irritations, stomach problems and fungal infections such as thrush" and that the quarry is known to contain car wrecks, dead animals, excrement and rubbish. The water is also extremely cold. Despite this the lake continued to be a popular destination visited by hundreds of people.

Around 750 local people, concerned about the health risks, signed a petition to have the quarry drained and closed off. However the water was deemed too toxic to drain, as it would risk contaminating local water supplies.

In order to deter swimmers the water was dyed black in 2013 by High Peak Borough Council, who acted after being unable to get in touch with the site's owner. The dye wore off by 2015 and the water returned to a blue coloration. The council redyed the lake in 2016 with a stronger mixture, but by October 2019 it showed signs of returning to a blue colour. In March 2020 the lake was dyed again following reports of people gathering there despite social distancing instructions issued by the British government to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. It was redyed by High Peak Borough Council and Derbyshire Fire and Rescue on 29 May after people flocked to the site for the bank holiday weekend (25 May). The police also coned off potential parking spaces in Harpur Hill. With people continuing to visit the site local farmers attempted to deter them by spreading pig and cow slurry across the surrounding land on 19 June 2020.

## Incidents

Derbyshire Police found the body of a 44-year-old man at the quarry on 18 February 2019. The death was found not to be suspicious.

On 29 September 2019 two firefighters from Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service were injured whilst carrying out rope rescue training at the quarry. One of them was hospitalised with life-changing injuries.

## InfoBox

| Harpur Hill Quarry Lagoon | |
| --- | --- |
| The quarry's lagoon in May 2012 | |
| Harpur Hill Quarry Lagoon | |
| Location | Harpur Hill |
| Coordinates | 53°14′01″N 1°54′15″W / 53.2336°N 1.9043°W / 53.2336; -1.9043 |
| Lake type | artificial |
| Primary inflows | groundwater |
| Primary outflows | evaporation, seepage |
| Basin countries | England |
| First flooded | c.2005 |
|  | |
| Max. length | 308 ft (94 m) |
| Average depth | 2 m (6 ft 7 in) |
| Max. depth | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
|  | |
| Settlements | King Sterndale, Buxton |


title: Western pearlshell

abstract: The western pearlshell is a species of freshwater bivalve, a pearl mussel, a bivalve mollusk in the family Margaritiferidae. This species can be found only in the United States and Canada, where it occurs mostly west of the Rocky Mountains.

text:
# Western pearlshell

The **western pearlshell** (***Margaritifera falcata***) is a species of freshwater bivalve, a pearl mussel, a bivalve mollusk in the family Margaritiferidae. This species can be found only in the United States and Canada, where it occurs mostly west of the Rocky Mountains.

## Distribution

This species of pearl mussel is found in Pacific drainages from California north to British Columbia and southern Alaska. Some scientists consider a number of the coastal and large river populations of this species to be already extirpated, nearly extirpated, or declining rapidly. However, this species is still common throughout parts of the northern Rocky Mountains, although some populations in Montana may be declining.

The species is also found east of the Continental Divide in the headwaters of the Missouri River. Originally these populations were identified as the eastern species *Margaritifera margaritifera*, but recently scientists have confirmed that the populations are in fact *M. falcata*, which means that the species somehow was able to cross the divide. The most likely explanation for this distribution is headwater capture, where pre-glacial watersheds were cut and reconfigured by glacial advance or retreat. Westslope cutthroat trout are thought to have crossed the Continental Divide from the West into the headwaters of the present-day Missouri River during the Pleistocene glaciation, more that 20,000 years ago. Since cutthroat trout are an important host species for the glochidia larvae of *M. falcata*, it is likely that the mussels crossed the divide by hitching a ride on the trout.

## InfoBox

| Western pearlshell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Margaritifera falcata* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Unionida |
| Family: | Margaritiferidae |
| Genus: | *Margaritifera* |
| Species: | ***M. falcata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Margaritifera falcata***
Gould, 1850 | |
|


title: Interleukin 34

abstract: Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken interleukin 34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons in mass, and forms homodimers. IL-34 increases growth or survival of immune cells known as monocytes; it elicits its activity by binding the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human IL-34 is most abundant in spleen but occurs in several other tissues: thymus, liver, small intestine, colon, prostate gland, lung, heart, brain, kidney, testes, and ovary. The discovery of IL-34 protein in the red pulp of the spleen suggests involvement in growth and development of myeloid cells, consistent with its activity on monocytes.

text:
# Interleukin 34

**Interleukin 34** (IL-34) is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken interleukin 34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons in mass, and forms homodimers. IL-34 increases growth or survival of immune cells known as monocytes; it elicits its activity by binding the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human IL-34 is most abundant in spleen but occurs in several other tissues: thymus, liver, small intestine, colon, prostate gland, lung, heart, brain, kidney, testes, and ovary. The discovery of IL-34 protein in the red pulp of the spleen suggests involvement in growth and development of myeloid cells, consistent with its activity on monocytes.

* Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: *Q6ZMJ4* (Human Interleukin-34) at the PDBe-KB.
* Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: *Q8R1R4* (Mouse Interleukin-34) at the PDBe-KB.

Interleukin-34 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

## InfoBox

| IL34 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | IL34, C16orf77, IL-34, Interleukin 34 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 612081; MGI: 1923777; HomoloGene: 12648; GeneCards: IL34; OMA:IL34 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001172771
NM\_001172772
NM\_152456   NM\_001135100
NM\_029646   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001166242
NP\_001166243
NP\_689669   NP\_001128572
NP\_083922   Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 70.58 – 70.66 Mb Chr 8: 111.47 – 111.53 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Valentine Pyne

abstract: Valentine Pyne (1603-1677) was master gunner of England, a companion of Prince Rupert of the Rhine following Royalist service in the English Civil War, and Lieutenant of the garrison at the Tower of London.

text:
# Valentine Pyne

**Valentine Pyne** (1603-1677) was master gunner of England, a companion of Prince Rupert of the Rhine following Royalist service in the English Civil War, and Lieutenant of the garrison at the Tower of London.

## Background and early career

Pyne was second son of George Pyne, of Curry Mallet, Somerset, of an established legal and gentry family, who served in the Royal Navy on the 1623 expedition to Cadiz; Valentine served under his father on this expedition. He was on the expedition to the Île de Ré in 1627, and continued to serve in the Navy until the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, during which he fought under Charles I. Following the king's execution, he accompanied Charles's nephew, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, for fifteen years fighting alongside him at sea and campaigns in Germany.

## Later career

At the Restoration, Charles II appointed Pyne lieutenant of the garrison at the Tower of London in 1661; he later served in the first Anglo-Dutch war as a Navy commander. In 1666, he succeeded Colonel James Weymes as master gunner of England, serving in this capacity until his death, unmarried, 30 April 1677.

A memorial stands to him at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London, which emphasises his loyalty to King and country and makes note of his valour and virtuousness.

1. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 47
2. Dangerous Talk: Scandalous, Seditious, and Treasonable Speech in Pre-Modern England, David Cressy, Oxford University Press, 2010
3. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 47
4. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 60
5. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 47
6. http://weblog.rmg.co.uk/memorials/m1015/


title: Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation)

abstract: Umkhonto we Sizwe is a reggae album by Prince Far I, released in 1984 and which he was recording when he was murdered in 1983. The album is named in honor of the fight of the struggle of the militant wing of the ANC. The album was engineered by Overton "Scientist" Brown and Sylvan Morris. Backing vocals were by Jah Lloyd, Winston Jarrett and The Viceroys.

text:
# Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

***Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation)*** is a reggae album by Prince Far I, released in 1984 and which he was recording when he was murdered in 1983. The album is named in honor of the fight of the struggle of the militant wing of the ANC.

The album was engineered by Overton "Scientist" Brown and Sylvan Morris. Backing vocals were by Jah Lloyd, Winston Jarrett and The Viceroys.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Michael Williams and Roy Cousins

1. "Survival"

1. "Survival Version"
2. "Ask Ask"
3. "Ask Ask Version"
4. "African Queen"
5. "African Queen Version"
6. "Stop the War"
7. "Stop the War Version"
8. "Jerry Doghead"
9. "Jerry Doghead Version"
10. "Special Request"
11. "Special Request Version"

## InfoBox

| Umkhonto we Sizwe<br>(Spear of the Nation) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Prince Far I | |
| Released | 1984 |
| Recorded | Channel One Studios, Kingston, Jamaica |
| Genre | Reggae |
| Label | Tamoki Wambesi |
| Producer | Roy Cousins |


abstract: Randolph County School District the a school district on Randolph County, Alabama, headquartered in Wedowee.

text:
# Randolph County School District (Alabama)

**Randolph County School District** the a school district on Randolph County, Alabama, headquartered in Wedowee.

## Schools

K-12 schools:

7-12 schools:

Senior high schools:

K-8 schools:

* Rock Mills Jr. High School

Middle schools:

* Wedowee Middle School

Elementary schools:

* Wedowee Elementary School
* Woodland Elementary School

Other:

* Randolph-Roanoke Career Technology Center

## InfoBox

| Randolph County School District | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| 182 Circle Drive Wedowee, Alabama, 36278<br>United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | PreK–12 |
| NCES District ID | 0102820 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 2,029 |
| Teachers | 130.43 |
| Staff | 148.0 |
| Student–teacher ratio | 15.56 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.randolphboe.org |