title: Tigers in the Snow

abstract: The Battle of the Bulge: Tigers in the Snow is a turn-based strategy computer wargame published in 1981 by Strategic Simulations. It was designed by Chuck Kroegel, David Landrey, and David Walker for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, and TRS-80. It was later ported to the IBM PC and Commodore 64. It was the first video game to feature the Battle of the Bulge of 1944 and 1945, a decisive Allied victory over German forces in World War II, as its subject. Heavily inspired by board games, the game was played on a hexagonal grid and included such features as a supply, terrain and weather system.

text:
# Tigers in the Snow

***The Battle of the Bulge: Tigers in the Snow*** is a turn-based strategy computer wargame published in 1981 by Strategic Simulations. It was designed by Chuck Kroegel, David Landrey, and David Walker for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, and TRS-80. It was later ported to the IBM PC and Commodore 64.

It was the first video game to feature the Battle of the Bulge of 1944 and 1945, a decisive Allied victory over German forces in World War II, as its subject. Heavily inspired by board games, the game was played on a hexagonal grid and included such features as a supply, terrain and weather system.

## Reception

Richard Charles Karr reviewed the game for *Computer Gaming World*, writing:

> *Tigers In The Snow* is enjoyable as a "situation in doubt" game, with the possibility of German break-outs threatening to roll up the American line. The tension of hoping your perfectly laid plans don't disintegrate in your face can keep you riveted in your seat for hours. Although the game is not as innovative as other SSI games it is a design which deserves attention as part of the improving integration of wargames and computer software.

A 1993 *Computer Gaming World* survey of wargames gave *Tigers in the Snow* one star out of five, stating that its primitive graphics, play mechanics, and user interface "have been superseded by more recent efforts".

*Ahoy!* in 1984 wished that the Commodore 64 version used SSI's *Combat Leader*'s superior graphics, but praised the game's realism.

## InfoBox

| Tigers in the Snow | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Strategic Simulations |
| Publisher(s) | Strategic Simulations |
| Designer(s) | Chuck Kroegel
David Landrey
David Walker |
| Platform(s) | Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Commodore 64, TRS-80, MS-DOS |
| Release | 1981 |
| Genre(s) | Wargame |


title: Tila, Raebareli

abstract: Tila is a village in Lalganj block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 839 people, in 163 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities. The 1961 census recorded Tila as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 311 people, in 73 households and 67 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 223 acres. The 1981 census recorded Tila as having a population of 515 people, in 100 households, and having an area of 92.26 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

text:
# Tila, Raebareli

**Tila** is a village in Lalganj block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 839 people, in 163 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Tila as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 311 people (164 male and 147 female), in 73 households and 67 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 223 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Tila as having a population of 515 people, in 100 households, and having an area of 92.26 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

## InfoBox

| Tila | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Map showing Tila (#857) in Lalganj CD block | |
| TilaLocation in Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 26°04′53″N 80°54′16″E / 26.081298°N 80.904461°E / 26.081298; 80.904461 | |
| Country India | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Raebareli |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.914 km2 (0.353 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 839 |
| Density | 920/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-35 |


title: Frento Vallis

abstract: Frento Vallis is a valley in the Noachis quadrangle of Mars, with a location centered at 50.3 S and 14.5 W. It is 277 km long and was named after the classical name for a river in Italy.

text:
# Frento Vallis

**Frento Vallis** is a valley in the Noachis quadrangle of Mars, with a location centered at 50.3 S and 14.5 W. It is 277 km long and was named after the classical name for a river in Italy.

## InfoBox

Frento Vallis
| Frento Vallis, as seen by HiRISE. Click on image to see better view of Dust Devil Tracks. | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 50°18′S 14°30′W / 50.3°S 14.5°W / -50.3; -14.5 |


title: Mermoz (film)

abstract: Mermoz is a 1943 French biographical drama film directed by Louis Cuny and starring Robert Hugues-Lambert, Lucien Nat and Camille Bert. It is based on the life of the aviator Jean Mermoz. The film's score was composed by Arthur Honegger. The film's sets were designed by the art director Raymond Gabutti.

text:
# Mermoz (film)

***Mermoz*** is a 1943 French biographical drama film directed by Louis Cuny and starring Robert Hugues-Lambert, Lucien Nat and Camille Bert. It is based on the life of the aviator Jean Mermoz. The film's score was composed by Arthur Honegger. The film's sets were designed by the art director Raymond Gabutti.

## Cast

1. Rège p.274
2. Fulcher p.182

## Bibliography

* Bessy, Maurice & Chirat, Raymond. *Histoire du cinéma français: encyclopédie des films, 1940–1950*. Pygmalion, 1986.
* Fulcher, Jane F. *Renegotiating French Identity: Musical Culture and Creativity in France During Vichy and the German Occupation*. Oxford University Press, 2018.
* Rège, Philippe. *Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1*. Scarecrow Press, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Mermoz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Louis Cuny |
| Written by | Louis Cuny
Henry Dupuis-Mazuel
Marcelle Maurette |
| Produced by | André Tranché |
| Starring | Robert Hugues-Lambert
Lucien Nat
Camille Bert |
| Cinematography | Jean Lehérissey |
| Edited by | Madeleine Reculard
Marcelle Saysset |
| Music by | Arthur Honegger |
| Production
company | Les Productions Françaises Cinématographiques |
| Distributed by | Les Films Minerva |
| Release date | * 3 November 1943 (1943-11-03) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Garcia River (Brazil)

abstract: The Garcia River is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil.

text:
# Garcia River (Brazil)

The **Garcia River** is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Garcia River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Santa Catarina state |
|  | |
| Mouth | Itajaí-Açu River |
| coordinates | 26°55′S 49°4′W / 26.917°S 49.067°W / -26.917; -49.067 |


title: Mesorhizobium muleiense

abstract: Mesorhizobium muleiense is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Cicer arietinum in Xinjiang in China.

text:
# Mesorhizobium muleiense

***Mesorhizobium muleiense*** is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Cicer arietinum in Xinjiang in China.

## InfoBox

| *Mesorhizobium muleiense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales |
| Family: | Phyllobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Mesorhizobium* |
| Species: | ***M. muleiense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mesorhizobium muleiense***<br>Zhang et al. 2012 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| CCBAU 83963, CGMCC 1.11022, HAMBI 3264 | |


title: Gameplay (magazine)

abstract: Gameplay was a Russian language magazine about video games, published in Ukraine by ITC Publishing since August 2005. Its circulation was 20 000. It ceased publication in June 2010.

text:
# Gameplay (magazine)

***Gameplay*** was a Russian language magazine about video games, published in Ukraine by ITC Publishing since August 2005. Its circulation (as for September 2009) was 20 000. It ceased publication in June 2010.

## Staff

Notable writers for the magazine include Editor-in-Chief Serhiy Halyonkin (often referred as Segal), editors Anna Zinchenko and Alina Zhigunova, authors Oleg Ovsienko, Mikhail Zinchenko, Yaroslav Singayevsky and Igor Klimovsky.

## Magazine content

Gameplay is best known for its "Evolution of genres" series of articles, that describes history and evolution of computer and video games for past 30 years.

Each April issue carries a theme "Our games" and writes about most game developers studios, situated in Ukraine.

Also, Gameplay publishes previews, reviews, interviews and such - as most of gaming press do.

## Controversy

Some readers note that Gameplay gives a lot of attention to video games, sometimes giving a console games a higher score than to PC games. But editorial boards say that it is because of higher popularity of PC games in Ukraine, which sometimes is credited to higher level of piracy.

## InfoBox

*Gameplay*
| Editor | Serhiy Halyonkin |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Video game magazine |
| Format | Paper magazine |
| Circulation | 25, 000 |
| Publisher | ITC Publishing |
| Founder | Serhiy Halyonkin |
| First issue | August 2005 |
| Final issue | June 2010 |
| Based in | Kyiv, Ukraine |
| Language | Russian |
| Website | gameplay.com.ua |


title: Garrett Clayton

abstract: Gary Michael "Garrett" Clayton is an American actor and singer. He is known for portraying Tanner in the 2013 Disney Channel movie Teen Beach Movie and its 2015 sequel Teen Beach 2, and other film, television, and stage roles.

text:
# Garrett Clayton

**Gary Michael** "**Garrett**" **Clayton** (born March 19, 1991) is an American actor and singer. He is known for portraying Tanner in the 2013 Disney Channel movie *Teen Beach Movie* and its 2015 sequel *Teen Beach 2*, and other film, television, and stage roles.

## Life and career

Gary Michael Clayton was born March 19, 1991, in Dearborn, Michigan. He has Lebanese heritage. He began acting at Crestwood High School in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, performing in many of the drama club's productions. He later attended Oakland University, where he studied musical theater.

After being told by casting directors that his name "sounded too old", he adopted the stage name of Garrett Clayton.

In 2010, he made appearances on *Days of Our Lives* and *Shake It Up*. In December 2012, he appeared in the Lifetime movie *Holiday Spin*, co-starring Ralph Macchio, as Blake, a rebellious teen forced to live with his father after his mother is killed in a car accident.

He was cast in 2013 in the role of Tanner in Disney's musical *Teen Beach Movie*, playing a cool but vacuous surfer who is "a mix between Frankie Avalon and Link from *Hairspray*". The film was directed by Jeffrey Hornaday and was filmed in Puerto Rico and was first broadcast in July 2013. It co-stars Ross Lynch, Maia Mitchell, and Grace Phipps.

He had a recurring role in the latter half of the first season of *The Fosters*. In 2016, he portrayed gay porn star Brent Corrigan in the film *King Cobra*, with James Franco and Christian Slater, and played the role of Link Larkin in the NBC television broadcast of *Hairspray Live!* He starred as Brady Mannion in the horror-thriller film *Don't Hang Up*, which was released in theaters in February 2017. Also in 2017, Clayton appeared on stage at the Pasadena Playhouse as Luke alongside Al Pacino and Judith Light in a six-week run of Dotson Rader's play *God Looked Away*, about the later life of Tennessee Williams.

## Personal life

In 2018, Clayton revealed that he was gay and that he had been in a long-term relationship with boyfriend Blake Knight since 2011.

In January 2019, Clayton announced that he and Knight had become engaged a year prior. In September 2021, the couple married at an outdoor, garden party themed wedding in Los Angeles, which was officiated by Clayton's *King Cobra* co-star Alicia Silverstone.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *The Tower* | Zombie |  |
| 2009 | *Magic Mentah* | Sander |  |
| 2010 | *Virginia* | Mormon boy #2 |  |
| 2011 | *Love, Gloria* | Tad |  |
| 2012 | *The Oogieloves in the Big Balloon Adventure* | Diner dancer |  |
| 2016 | *Welcome to Willits* | Zack |  |
| 2016 | *Don't Hang Up* | Brady Mannion |  |
| | *King Cobra* | Brent Corrigan |  |
| | *Alien Hunter* | Zack |  |
| 2018 | *Between Worlds* | Mike |  |
| | *The Last Breakfast Club* | Brian |  |
| | *Reach* | Steven |  |
| 2019 | *Peel* | Chad |  |
| 2021 | *The Adventures of Bunny Bravo* | Papaya |  |
| 2023 | *The Mattachine Family* | Jake |  |
| TBA | *Our Man* | Matthew | Post-production |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Days of Our Lives* | Eli | Episode: "29 April 2010" |
| 2010 | *Shake It Up* | Dylan | Episode: "Party It Up" |
| 2012 | *Holiday Spin* | Blake | Television film |
| 2013 | *The Client List* | Billy | Episode: "What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am" |
| 2013 | *Jessie* | Earl | Episode: "The Blind Date, the Cheapskate, and the Primate" |
| 2013 | *Teen Beach Movie* | Tanner | Television film |
| 2014; 2016 | *The Fosters* | Chase | Recurring role (season 1); guest role (season 3; episode: "The Show") |
| 2015 | *100 Things to Do Before High School* | Stephen Powers | Episode: "Survive the Virus Attack Trapped in the Last Home Base Station on Earth Thing" |
| 2015 | *Teen Beach 2* | Tanner | Television film |
| 2016 | *The Real O'Neals* | Ricky | Episode: "The Real Lent" |
| 2016 | *Hairspray Live!* | Link Larkin | Television special |
| 2020 | *World's Funniest Animals* | Guest | 1 episode |
| 2022 | *The Fairly OddParents: Fairly Odder* | Dustan Lumberlake | 3 episodes |

## Stage

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2014–2015; 2017 | *Sleeping Beauty and Her Winter Knight* | Prince Phillip |
| 2015 | *Cruel Intentions: The Musical* | Greg |
| 2017 | *God Looked Away* | Luke |
| 2019, 2022 | *It: A Musical Parody* | Pennywise |
| 2023 | *The Rocky Horror Show* | Dr. Frank N. Furter |
|

## Footnotes

1. Kaan, Gil (June 11, 2019). "Interview: The Hard Working Garrett Clayton On Friends, Giving His Heart & Doing What He Loves". *Broadway World*. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
2. "Famous birthdays for March 19: Bruce Willis, Glenn Close". UPI. March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
3. Clayton, Garrett \[@garrettclayton1\] (December 26, 2013). "@AmnehS14 I eat middle eastern food all the time. I'm Lebanese" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022  via Twitter.
4. Goldberg, Lesley (June 4, 2012). "Ralph Macchio to star in Lifetime Christmas movie". Exclusive. *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
5. Takeda-Morrison, Marsha (November 9, 2012). "Garrett Clayton takes us on a *Holiday Spin*". *Celebrity Teen Scoop*. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
6. Ng, Philiana (October 14, 2013). "*Teen Beach Movie* star joins ABC Family's *The Fosters*". Exclusive. *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
7. Gioia, Michael (December 7, 2016). "'Hairspray Live!' hits television December 7". *Playbill*. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
8. Commonwealth, Thomas (October 30, 2013). "Joe Johnson begs you – *Don't Hang Up*". Exclusive. *The Tracking Board*. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
9. "*Don't Hang Up* (2017)". Financial information. *The Numbers*. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
10. "*God Looked Away* from Garrett Clayton, but can you?". *Instinct*. February 12, 2017. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
11. Clayton, Garrett (2018). "With the release of my new movie *REACH* coming up, I thought it was important to explain why I took on this project in the first place. ..."". *Instagram*. Archived from the original on June 15, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2018.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
12. "Disney Channel star Garrett Clayton reveals he's engaged to boyfriend Blake Knight". *People*. January 10, 2019.
13. Falcone, Dana Rose (September 8, 2021). "Alicia Silverstone officiates *Teen Beach* movie star Garrett Clayton's wedding to Blake Knight". *People*. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
14. "Nicolas Cage To Topline Indie Thriller 'Between Worlds' From Director Maria Pulera". *Deadline*. August 23, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
15. ""The Last Breakfast Club" Gives Classic Film Lots of New Shine". *LA Ex Cites*. June 5, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
16. "Trio To Topline High School Bully Dramedy 'Reach'". *Deadline*. April 5, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
17. "*Sleeping Beauty and Her Winter Knight* enters final week at Pasadena Playhouse". *Broadway World*. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
18. "*Sleeping Beauty and Her Winter Knight* adds ½ performance at Pasadena Playhouse". *Broadway World*. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
19. "Disney's Garrett Clayton to reprise tole in *Sleeping Beauty and Her Winter Knight* at Theatre Under the STars". *Broadway World*. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
20. "*Cruel Intentions* at Rockwell – a true homage to the '90s". BWW reviews. *Broadway World*. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
21. "*God Looked Away* groomed for Broadway with Al Pacino as Tennessee Williams". *New Now Next*. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
22. "Actor-singer Garrett Clayton talks *It: A Musical Parody*". *Yahoo News*. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
23. "'It's pretty special': Actor Garrett Clayton talks preparation for OFC Creations' *Rocky Horror Picture Show*". *Rochester First*. October 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Garrett Clayton | |
| --- | --- |
| Clayton at the 2015 MTV Movie Awards | |
| Born | Gary Michael Clayton
(1991-03-19) March 19, 1991
Dearborn, Michigan, U.S. |
| Occupations | * Actor * singer |
| Years active | 2008–present |
| Spouse | Blake Knight (m. 2021) |


title: Meryl Poster

abstract: Meryl Poster is the president and founder of Superb Entertainment. Until October 2014, she was president of television at The Weinstein Company. Poster was previously the co-president of production for Miramax Films, where she executive produced the Academy Award-winning Chicago (2002) and Academy Award-nominated Cider House Rules (1999) and Chocolat (2000). She is an executive producer of the Bravo drama The Girlfriend's Guide to Divorce, which premiered in December 2014.

text:
# Meryl Poster

**Meryl Poster** is the president and founder of Superb Entertainment. Until October 2014, she was president of television at The Weinstein Company. Poster was previously the co-president of production for Miramax Films, where she executive produced the Academy Award-winning *Chicago* (2002) and Academy Award-nominated *Cider House Rules* (1999) and *Chocolat* (2000). She is an executive producer of the Bravo drama *The Girlfriend's Guide to Divorce*, which premiered in December 2014.

## Early life and work

Poster was one of the first female trainees at the William Morris Agency, where she began working in the mailroom in New York in 1986. In 1989 she began working for Harvey Weinstein as his assistant, thereby beginning her longtime association with the Weinstein brothers and Miramax Films. She rose to co-president of production at Miramax Films.

## Career

### NBC Universal

Poster had a producing deal at NBC Universal for five years, and served as a consultant for Chairman Jeff Zucker. She signed it up from 2005 to 2010 after leaving Miramax.

### The Weinstein Company

In early 2011, Poster joined The Weinstein Company as president of television, having previously worked for Harvey and Bob Weinstein for 16 years at Miramax. While at The Weinstein Company, she oversaw all television development and production, including Project Runway and spinoffs After the Runway (2011), Project Accessory (2011), Project Runway All Stars (2012), Project Runway: Threads (2014), and Project Runway: Under the Gunn (2014). She has also developed VH1’s Mob Wives (2013) and spinoffs Big Ang (2012) and Mob Wives Chicago (2012), as well as Trailer Park: Welcome to Myrtle Manor (2013) on TLC, Rodeo Girls (2013) on A&E, Supermarket Superstar (2013) on Lifetime, Million Dollar Shoppers (2013) on Lifetime. In addition to reality television, Poster has paired with Amy Sherman-Palladino, creator and writer of Gilmore Girls, for an adaptation of The Nanny Diaries for ABC.

Poster ardently defended Harvey Weinstein when news of his decades-long pattern of violent behavior and sexual abuse came to light—engaging in public damage-control, and contacting accusers on Weinstein's behalf.

### Superb Entertainment

In October 2014, Poster left The Weinstein Company to expand her own production company, Superb Entertainment, through a partnership with A+E Studios. Through this agreement, Poster will produce both scripted and unscripted programming.

## Other professional ventures and accolades

Poster is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, BAFTA, Women In Communications, and she serves as a vice chair on UJA-Federation's Entertainment, Media and Communications Executive Committee. She has been profiled in numerous publications, including *Premiere*, *W*, *Vanity Fair*, *Mademoiselle*, *Elle*, *Gotham* and *Glamour* and was ranked in *The Hollywood Reporter*'s Power 100 for five consecutive years. She is a member of the Tulane Deans' Council.

## Filmography

Executive producer credits

| Year | Film | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | The Pallbearer |  |
| 1997 | Cop Land |  |
| 1998 | Wide Awake |  |
| 1999 | The Cider House Rules | Film nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture |
| 1999 | Music of the Heart | Co-Producer |
| 2000 | Bounce |  |
| 2000 | Chocolat | Film nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture |
| 2001 | Blow Dry |  |
| 2001 | The Shipping News |  |
| 2002 | Chicago | Film won the Academy Award for Best Picture |
| 2003 | Duplex |  |
| 2004 | Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights |  |
| 2005 | An Unfinished Life |  |
| 2011–Present | Project Runway | Nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program (2011–2015) |
| 2011 | After the Runway |  |
| 2011 | Project Accessory |  |
| 2012 | Supermarket Superstar |  |
| 2012–Present | Project Runway: All Stars |  |
| 2013–Present | Mob Wives |  |
| 2014 | Under the Gunn |  |
| 2014 | Cement Heads |  |
| 2014–Present | Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce |  |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Nominated Work | Won |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Muse Award; New York Women in Film and Television | Meryl Poster | Won |
| 2012 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program | Project Runway | Nominated |
| 2013 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program | Project Runway | Nominated |
| 2014 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program | Project Runway | Nominated |
| 2015 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program | Project Runway | Nominated |
|  |  |  |  |
|

* "One of the Few in Hollywood Who Can Say 'No' to Harvey Weinstein Meryl Poster By Emma Bazilian". Adweek. May 20, 2013.
* "The Formula for Success". Marie Claire. April 18, 2012.
* "Meryl Poster: Featured Panelist, Women of New York, 2012". Broadcasting & Cable. February 9, 2012.
* "Weinstein Company Plans to Launch TV Division with Meryl Poster in Talks to Run It". Deadline. January 11, 2011
* "Meryl Poster Poised to Return Working with Weinsteins". The Wrap. January 18, 2011.
* "Meryl Poster’s New Perch: Weinstein TV". WWD. December 30, 2011.


title: Meryl Mark

abstract: Meryl Laura Mark was a South African tennis player. Mark grew up in Boksburg on the East Rand and is the elder sister of tennis player John Hammill. She competed briefly on the international circuit, notably reaching the third round of the 1959 Wimbledon Championships. In 1961 she married Australian tennis player Bob Mark and couple settled in South Africa.

text:
# Meryl Mark

**Meryl Laura Mark** (1 March 1938 — 16 September 2006) was a South African tennis player.

Mark grew up in Boksburg on the East Rand and is the elder sister of tennis player John Hammill. She competed briefly on the international circuit, notably reaching the third round of the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.

In 1961 she married Australian tennis player Bob Mark and couple settled in South Africa.

## InfoBox

Meryl Mark
| Full name | Meryl Laura Mark |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | South Africa |
| Born | (1938-03-01)1 March 1938
Cape Town, South Africa |
| Died | 16 September 2006(2006-09-16) (aged 68)
Creighton, South Africa |
| Singles | |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| French Open | 2R (1961) |
| Wimbledon | 3R (1959) |
| US Open | 2R (1961) |
| Doubles | |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Wimbledon | 1R (1960, 1961) |
| Grand Slam mixed doubles results | |
| French Open | 2R (1961) |
| Wimbledon | 3R (1959) |
| US Open | 2R (1961) |


abstract: The 13th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2009, were given on December 16, 2009.

text:
# Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2009

**13th TFCA Awards**

December 16, 2009

---

Best Film:
**Hunger**
**Inglourious Basterds**

The **13th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards**, honoring the best in film for 2009, were given on December 16, 2009.

## Winners

Runners-Up: George Clooney*Up in the Air*, Michael Fassbender*Hunger*, Colin Firth*A Single Man* and Viggo Mortensen*The Road*

Runners-Up: Arta Dobroshi*Lorna's Silence* and Meryl Streep*Julie & Julia*

Runners-Up: *Coraline* and *Up*

Runners-Up: Steve McQueen*Hunger* and Quentin Tarantino*Inglourious Basterds*

Runners-Up: *Anvil! The Story of Anvil* and *The Beaches of Agnès*

Runner-Up: *The Hurt Locker*

Runners-Up: *District 9* and *(500) Days of Summer*

Runner-Up: *Police, Adjective*Romania and *Summer Hours*France

Runner-Up: *A Serious Man*Joel and Ethan Coen

Runners-Up: Christian McKay*Me and Orson Welles* and Timothy Olyphant*A Perfect Getaway*

Runners-Up: Vera Farmiga*Up in the Air* and Mo'Nique*Precious*

Runners-Up: *The Necessities of Life* and *Pontypool*


title: Merzifonspor

abstract: Merzifonspor is a football club founded in 1968 in Merzifon district of Amasya province. The club plays its home matches at Merzifon District Stadium with a capacity of 5,450 people. There is a fan group called Varoşlar (suburbs). The club plays in the Amasya 1st Amateur League in the 2022–2023 season.

text:
# Merzifonspor

**Merzifonspor** is a football club founded in 1968 in Merzifon district of Amasya province. The club plays its home matches at Merzifon District Stadium with a capacity of 5,450 people. There is a fan group called Varoşlar (*suburbs*). The club plays in the Amasya 1st Amateur League in the 2022–2023 season.

## Badge

Merzifonspor's crest includes the club's main colors, blue and white.In the middle of the coat of arms, there is the silhouette of Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha. On the lower side of the emblem, the year 1968, the year of establishment of Merzifonspor, is written. On the upper side of the coat of arms is the flag of the Republic of Turkey.

## History

The club was founded in Merzifon in 1968, Merzifonspor was included in professional leagues with the establishment of the Turkish 3rd Football League in 1984. He played professional football in this league for 17 seasons. However, at the end of the 2003–2004 season, it was relegated to the Amateur League. The club, which started to compete in the Regional Amateur League in the 2013–2014 season, returned to the amateur league after losing the play-out match at the end of the season. In the 2018–2019 season, the champion of Amasya 1st Amateur League, the team defeated Yeni Amasyaspor 2–1 in the Regional Amateur League Play-out match and promoted to the Regional Amateur League. After struggling here for 3 seasons, he finished the 2021–2022 season in the 2nd place and played a play-out match to stay in the league. As a result of the loss of Merzifonspor - Suluova Belediyespor match, played at Amasya 12 June Stadium, 2–1, the club relegated to the Amasya 1st Amateur League.

## League participations

## Managers

* Mehmet Ali Çınar (1991–1993)
* Kemal Dikmen (1993–1994)
* İsa Gabralı (1994–1995)
* İsa Gabralı (1996)
* Cahit Dikici (1997)
* İsa Gabralı (1998–1999)
* İsa Gabralı (2003–2004)

## InfoBox

Merzifonspor
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Merzifon District

abstract: Merzifon District is a district of Amasya Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Merzifon. Its area is 888 km⁲, and its population is 74,727 (2021).

text:
# Merzifon District

**Merzifon District** is a district of Amasya Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Merzifon. Its area is 888 km2, and its population is 74,727 (2021).

## Composition

There is one municipality in Merzifon District:

There are 70 villages in Merzifon District:

## InfoBox

| Merzifon District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Map showing Merzifon District in Amasya Province | |
| Merzifon DistrictLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°52′30″N 35°27′48″E / 40.87500°N 35.46333°E / 40.87500; 35.46333 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Amasya |
| Seat | Merzifon |
| Government | |
| Kaymakam | Ali Güldoğan |
| Area | 888 km2 (343 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 74,727 |
| Density | 84/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Website | www.merzifon.gov.tr |


title: Tottenham Marshes

abstract: The Tottenham Marshes are located at Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey. The marshes cover over 100 acres (0.40 km⁲) and became part of the Lee Valley Park in 1972. The marsh is made up of three main areas: Clendish Marsh, Wild Marsh West and Wild Marsh East. The latter two are separated by the River Lea.

text:
# Tottenham Marshes

The **Tottenham Marshes** are located at Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey. The marshes cover over 100 acres (0.40 km2) and became part of the Lee Valley Park in 1972. The marsh is made up of three main areas: Clendish Marsh, Wild Marsh West and Wild Marsh East. The latter two are separated by the River Lea.

## Description

The marshes are one of the last remaining examples of semi-natural wetland in Greater London. They contain a variety of plant communities typical of a former flood plain location, such as a range of neutral grassland types, sedge marsh, reed swamp, sallow scrub and areas of tall herb vegetation. Associated with this diversity of habitat are several species of plant and insect which are rarely seen in London.

## History

The 100 acres (0.40 km2) of marshes were originally a flood plain of the River Lea. But significant changes have been made over the years. Between the 1860s and 1930 a range of facilities including tennis courts and swimming were available but after World War II between 1946 and 1960 the area was used for gravel extraction and landfill. In the late 19th century the Wild Marsh East was bisected when the River Lea was diverted to accommodate the construction of some of the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain. The marsh was the first home ground of Tottenham Hotspur Football Club in 1882. The Lee Valley Regional Park Authority (LVRPA), created by an Act of Parliament in 1965, bought Tottenham Marshes in 1972.

## Ecology

**Plants**

Many species of plants can be found on the marsh including:

**Butterflies**

**Birds**

51°35′45″N 0°03′14″W / 51.595931°N 0.053832°W / 51.595931; -0.053832


title: Torino (album)

abstract: Torino is an album by the UK band Cinerama. It was released on July 2, 2002, on Manifesto Records.

text:
# Torino (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| No Ripcord | 5/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.0/10 |

**Torino** is an album by the UK band Cinerama. It was released on July 2, 2002, on Manifesto Records.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by David Gedge and Simon Cleave

1. "And When She Was Bad" – 2:53
2. "Two Girls" – 2:43
3. "Estrella" – 3:15
4. "Cat Girl Tights" – 5:03
5. "Airborne" – 2:06
6. "Quick, Before It Melts" – 5:03
7. "Tie Me Up" – 4:15
8. "Careless" – 2:53
9. "Close Up" – 4:17
10. "Starry Eyed" – 2:54
11. "Get Up and Go" – 4:24
12. "Get Smart" – 3:31
13. "Health and Efficiency" – 6:25

## Personnel

Cinerama * David Gedge \- vocals, guitar
* Simon Cleave - guitar
* Sally Murrell - keyboards, vocals
* Terry de Castro - bass, vocals
* Kari Paavola - drums

## InfoBox

| Torino | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Cinerama | |
| Released | July 2, 2002 |
| Genre | Indie pop |
| Length | 49:42 |
| Label | Manifesto |
| Producer | David Gedge, Simon Cleave, Steve Albini, Dare Mason |


title: Garde communale

abstract: In Algeria, the Garde Communale, was a paramilitary troop in charge of monitoring and protecting the municipalities during the Algerian Civil War.

text:
# Garde communale

In Algeria, the **Garde Communale** (Arabic: الحرس البلدي), was a paramilitary troop in charge of monitoring and protecting the municipalities during the Algerian Civil War.

## Creation

The Garde Communale was created in 1996 as an auxiliary force by the Algerian government, under the impetus of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces authority. It played a significant role counter-terrorism warfare against armed Islamist groups.

## History

During the Algerian Civil War, the Algerian Army forces responsible for the security of the country in the big cities and the communes, were confronted with surging terrorist attacks which caused many losses in their ranks.

The military authorities, eager to relieve the army, which practically alone bore the weight of the anti-guerrilla warfare, decided, jointly with the Ministry of the Interior, to create a communal guard on 3 August 1996.

To do this, they recruit from the same pool as the guerrilla factions and local armed bands. Young people from the former Islamic Salvation Front join the municipal guard, by political calculation or by necessity. In the difficult economic situation of young people, a job in security is a godsend.

The recruits were supervised by the Gendarmerie Nationale and received an accelerated training of two months, wore the uniform and were paid, the government was able to offer them advantages such as housing and cars, but remained suspicious and did not entrust them with more sophisticated weaponry.

The Garde Communale was placed under the authority of the mayors of the DEC (Communal Executive Delegation) and the walis (prefects) and integrated into the new anti-guerrilla fight system, the communal guard succeeded in securing reconquered urban areas and allowing the army counter-terrorist corps to undertake its first attacks against the Armed Islamic Group maquis in 1994.

Members of the communal guard did not leave city centers in their early stages, and were only ever operational inside urban centers.

The Garde Communale was sometimes employed in search operations against armed Islamist groups in the mountains.

## Dissolution

The Garde Communale was dissolved by decree on 31 October 2012.

## InfoBox

| Garde Communale | |
| --- | --- |
| الحرس البلدي | |
| Active | 3 August 1996–31 October 2012 |
| Country | Algeria |
| Allegiance | Algerian People's National Armed Forces |
| Type | Paramilitary |
| Role | Counter-insurgency \- Counter-terrorism |
| Size | 95 000 |
| Engagements | Algerian Civil War |


title: Mesosa persimilis

abstract: Mesosa persimilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936. It is known from Cambodia.

text:
# Mesosa persimilis

***Mesosa persimilis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936. It is known from Cambodia.

## InfoBox

| *Mesosa persimilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Mesosa* |
| Species: | ***M. persimilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mesosa persimilis***<br>Breuning, 1936 | |
|


title: Gaslight (1958 film)

abstract: Gaslight is a 1958 television play broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation based on the 1938 play Gas Light by Patrick Hamilton. It starred Beverley Dunn. It was one of several Patrick Hamilton adaptations done on Australian television.

text:
# Gaslight (1958 film)

***Gaslight*** is a 1958 television play broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation based on the 1938 play *Gas Light* by Patrick Hamilton. It starred Beverley Dunn.

It was one of several Patrick Hamilton adaptations done on Australian television.

## Plot

Years after her aunt was murdered in her home, a young woman, Bella Manningham, moves back into the house with her new husband. However, he has a secret that he will do anything to protect, even if means driving his wife insane.

## Cast

* Beverley Dunn as Bella Manningham
* Brian James as Manningham
* John Morgan as Inspector Rough
* Mary Ward as Elizabeth
* Judith Godden as Nancy the housemaid
* Neville Thurgood as police constable

## Production

William Sterling came down from Sydney to direct. It was the eleventh play to be performed live on Melbourne television – the others were *Roundabout*, *The Twelve Pound Look*, *Holiday in Biarritz*, *Fair Passenger*, *The Right Person*, *Dark Brown*, *The Duke in Darkness*, *The Sound of Thunder* and *Killer in Close Up*.

It was one of a number of TV performances given by Dunn, others including *Roundabout*, *The Lark*, *The Small Victory* and *Fair Passenger*.

## Reception

The *Sydney Morning Herald* said the "production was well received by viewers and critics in Melbourne."

## InfoBox

| *Gaslight* | |
| --- | --- |
| Ad from 3 Mar 1958 | |
| Based on | *Gas Light*
1938 play
by Patrick Hamilton |
| Directed by | William Sterling |
| Starring | Beverly Dunn |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Cinematography | Frank Few |
| Running time | 75 minutes |
| Production company | ABC |
| Original release | |
| Release | 8 January 1958 (1958-01-08) (Melbourne, live) |
| Release | 4 March 1958 (1958-03-04) (Sydney, taped) |


title: Meronia

abstract: Meronia is the first album by the Finnish experimental rock band Circle. Released on CD and LP in 1994 by Bad Vugum, it was re-released by Ektro Records in 2007. The album showed Circle's tight krautrock-influenced sound, notably the motorik rhythm of Neu!. Of the band members at the time of the recording, only the founding member Jussi Lehtisalo is still in the band, although the current guitarist Janne Westerlund contributes to the sleevenotes, commenting on the intensity of Circle's live performances at the time of the original release. Some sources claim that the album's lyrics are sung in a made-up language, Meronian. If this is true, it predates Hopelandic, the language invented by Sigur Rós, by several years.

text:
# Meronia

***Meronia*** is the first album by the Finnish experimental rock band Circle.

Released on CD and LP in 1994 by Bad Vugum, it was re-released by Ektro Records in 2007. The album showed Circle's tight krautrock-influenced sound, notably the motorik rhythm of Neu!.

Of the band members at the time of the recording, only the founding member Jussi Lehtisalo is still in the band, although the current guitarist Janne Westerlund contributes to the sleevenotes, commenting on the intensity of Circle's live performances at the time of the original release.

Some sources claim that the album's lyrics are sung in a made-up language, *Meronian*. If this is true, it predates *Hopelandic*, the language invented by Sigur Rós, by several years.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ed-Visio" | 4:14 |
| 2. | "Curwen" | 4:46 |
| 3. | "Wherever Particular People Congregate" | 2:30 |
| 4. | "Meronia" | 8:04 |
| 5. | "DNA" | 5:13 |
| 6. | "Hypto" | 6:48 |
| 7. | "Nude" | 5:34 |
| 8. | "Colere" | 3:36 |
| 9. | "Staalo" | 6:58 |
| 10. | "Kyberia" | 3:46 |
| 11. | "Gravion" | 4:23 |
| 12. | "Ferrous" | 4:14 |
| 13. | "Scoop" | 7:00 |
| 14. | "Merid" | 2:53 |
| 15. | "Espirites" | 3:51 |

## Personnel

* J. Ahtiainen
* T. Elo
* P. Hagner
* J-P. Hietaniemi
* J. Lehtisalo
* M. Päivistö

## InfoBox

| Meronia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Circle | |
| Released | 1994/2007 |
| Length | 73:50 |
| Label | Bad Vugum, Ektro Records |
| Circle chronology | |
| ***Meronia***
(1994) *Zopalki*
(1996) | |


title: Toudao, Helong

abstract: Toudao is a town in Helong, Yanbian, Jilin. Toudao Town administers Jiangbei Community, Jiangnan Community, Yanfeng Village, Mingxing Village, Sanhe Village, Longping Village, Longxin Village, Guangxin Village, Longhai Village, Longhu Village, Xinmin Village, Longyuan Village, Longshui Village, Changren Village, Longmen Village, Qinglong Village, Xinbei Village and Zhenxing Village. The population is 32,036 and there are 10,438 households. 75% of the total population are ethnically Korean. Toudao covers an area of 513 sq km. Toudao is known for its rice production. Three state-owned forest farms are located in Toudao. The Ancient Tombs at Longtoushan are located in Toudao.

text:
# Toudao, Helong

**Toudao** is a town in Helong, Yanbian, Jilin. Toudao Town administers Jiangbei Community, Jiangnan Community, Yanfeng Village, Mingxing Village, Sanhe Village, Longping Village, Longxin Village, Guangxin Village, Longhai Village, Longhu Village, Xinmin Village, Longyuan Village, Longshui Village, Changren Village, Longmen Village, Qinglong Village, Xinbei Village and Zhenxing Village.

The population is 32,036 and there are 10,438 households. 75% of the total population are ethnically Korean. Toudao covers an area of 513 sq km.

Toudao is known for its rice production. Three state-owned forest farms are located in Toudao.

The Ancient Tombs at Longtoushan are located in Toudao.


title: Toucy

abstract: Toucy is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the historical region of Puisaye.

text:
# Toucy

**Toucy** (French pronunciation: \[tusi\]) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the historical region of Puisaye.

## Personalities

Toucy was the birthplace and hometown of Pierre Larousse, lexicographer and founder of the publishing house that would later produce one of the most highly popular French dictionaries, *Le Petit Larousse*.
Léon Noël, French diplomat, politician and historian, died there in his domain in 1987.

## Geography

The town lies in the middle of the commune, on the right bank of the river Ouanne, which flows northwest through the commune.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 2,505 |  |
| 1975 | 2,584 | +0.44% |
| 1982 | 2,665 | +0.44% |
| 1990 | 2,590 | −0.36% |
| 1999 | 2,602 | +0.05% |
| 2007 | 2,672 | +0.33% |
| 2012 | 2,687 | +0.11% |
| 2017 | 2,662 | −0.19% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Toucy | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Toucy | |
|  | |
| Location of Toucy | |
| ToucyToucy | |
| Coordinates: 47°44′14″N 3°17′39″E / 47.7372°N 3.2942°E / 47.7372; 3.2942 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Yonne |
| Arrondissement | Auxerre |
| Canton | Cœur de Puisaye |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Michel Kotovtchikhine |
| Area**1** | 34.85 km2 (13.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 2,569 |
| Density | 74/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 89419 /89130 |
| Elevation | 177–306 m (581–1,004 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


# Meteorological history of Hurricane Gordon

Hurricane Gordon developed during a fourteen-day period along an erratic, persistent, and highly unusual path. The hurricane formed near Panama in the southwestern Caribbean on November 8, 1994. As a tropical depression, it brushed Nicaragua and spent several days in the waters off the country's coast. Strengthening slightly into a tropical storm, Gordon wound its way north into the Greater Antilles. Despite warm waters, persistent wind shear prevented significant strengthening. Executing a slow turn to the north and then the northwest, Gordon made two more landfalls, on eastern Jamaica and eastern Cuba, while delivering tremendous rains to western Hispaniola.

As Gordon made its fourth landfall crossing the Florida Keys, it interacted with a cyclone in the upper-troposphere and a series of cyclonic lows which lent the storm some sub-tropical characteristics. After a few days as an unusual hybrid of a tropical and a subtropical system in the Gulf of Mexico, the storm re-claimed its fully tropical form and made yet another landfall, this time across the Florida peninsula, and continued into the Atlantic Ocean. In the Atlantic, Gordon rapidly strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Gordon's characteristic wandering briefly brought it near North Carolina, but ultimately the storm headed south, weakening into a minor tropical storm before making its sixth and final landfall on Florida's east coast.

Hurricane Gordon was the seventh named storm and third hurricane of the 1994 Atlantic hurricane season. Although it never made landfall as a hurricane, in its meandering course the storm included six separate landfalls: four as a tropical storm and two as a tropical depression. Three of its landfalls were in the U.S. state of Florida.

## Formation

During the first week of November 1994, a large area of disturbed weather developed just north of Panama over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. A tropical wave passed through the area and gave it mild convection. A second wave passed through the area on November 6 and introduced cyclonic circulation to the disturbance. Over the next two days, the system gradually organized and sparked a deep convection off Nicaragua's southeast coast. This organization, with initial maximum sustained winds of 30 mph (48 km/h), was designated Tropical Depression Twelve. Moving northwest, the storm began to slowly strengthen and its upper-level outflow became favorable to further development. Spots of convection flared on the morning of November 9; banding features appeared as its center made landfall on the northeastern Nicaraguan coast near Puerto Cabezas. A full day later a trough to the storm's northwest over the Gulf of Mexico moved the depression offshore, to the northeast, and over the warm waters of the western Caribbean Sea. Fueled by these warm waters, on the night of November 9, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Gordon with 40 mph (64 km/h) winds.

Lacking firm movement because of weak steering currents, Gordon meandered north-northeast in the presence of mild west-southwesterly wind shear, unable to strengthen under the adverse conditions. By November 11, a trough prodded Gordon to the north-northeast at 8 mph (13 km/h), and it strengthened by 6 mph (9.7 km/h) as it moved through the central Caribbean Sea. The trough continued steering Gordon, bending it eastward towards Jamaica on the afternoon on November 12. Despite the warm waters, Gordon did not strengthen that day as strong upper-tropospheric shear hindered development, disorganized the upper-level circulation, and reduced its winds to 40 mph (64 km/h).

## Through the Greater Antilles

November 13 was an active day for Tropical Storm Gordon. The trough over southern Florida and the Gulf of Mexico continued to push Gordon eastward towards Jamaica. In the pre-dawn hours, the storm clipped the eastern edge of the island, leaving 7.44 in (18.9 cm) of rainfall. Southwesterly wind shear kept the storm from developing beyond 45 mph (72 km/h), but neither the shear nor the landfall significantly disrupted the cyclone's organization. Accelerating, Gordon turned towards the northeast. Continued shear prevented the upper-level development needed for typical cyclonic organization, but a strong lower-level circulation had formed. Its sustained winds were still only 40 mph (64 km/h), but as the system approached eastern Cuba a gust of 120 mph (190 km/h) was reported. The center crossed near Guantánamo Bay and the storm dumped heavy rainfall as it passed over the eastern portion of the island; even heavier rain fell in Haiti to the west, where 22.94 in (58.3 cm) of rain was recorded at Camp-Perrin.

Meanwhile, the broad-scale circulation that was covering most of the Caribbean Sea (of which Tropical Storm Gordon was only a part) was interacting with an upper-tropospheric trough near the Straits of Florida. This trough strengthened the broad upper-level cyclone, which in turn strengthened Gordon and spawned several other low-level circulations in the western Caribbean Sea. When Gordon crossed eastern Cuba, the National Hurricane Center determined that it had become the most dominant of these low-level systems and had absorbed their convections. (Meteorologist Jose Fernandez-Partagas voiced the minority opinion that Gordon's circulatory center had dissipated over Cuba and that a low-pressure system near the Bahamas was now the dominant system, which would have meant the demise of Tropical Storm Gordon and the emergence of a new tropical storm. While possible, this view was not accepted by the official hurricane summaries.) By nightfall of November 13, Gordon had not only made two landfalls and survived interactions with three competing systems but also, in assimilating the Bahamian low, had gained the cool central core typical of a subtropical cyclone.

The deep-layered cyclone within which Gordon was embedded steered the storm west-northwest, south of Turks and Caicos and the Bahamas, on November 14. A large ridge of high-pressure near the U.S. Mid-Atlantic coast increased the pressure gradient around the storm, so although its sub-tropical elements (namely a lack of deep convection) precluded a core of strong winds immediately around the storm's nucleus, strong winds were supported outside the storm's circulatory center. These winds inched up to 50 mph (80 km/h) but did not strengthen any further. The ridge continued to steer the hybrid Tropical/Subtropical Storm Gordon west-northwestward past the western Bahamas. This brought the southern portion of the storm's circulation over northern Cuba, while the strengthening northern circulation produced 60 mph (97 km/h) winds near Palm Beach. The storm's fourth landfall occurred on November 15 when Gordon passed over the Florida Keys near Key West, Florida. The storm then continued west over the lower Keys and into the Straits of Florida, where the storm's center began to warm and deep convection signaled the return of Gordon's purely tropical characteristics.

## Second Florida landfall and peak strength

Steering currents remained weak giving the storm a chance to fully re-develop its deep convection while immobile at sea. During this time, Tropical Storm Gordon began to spawn tornadoes. As the storm center was well offshore most were probably unreported, but six tornadoes touched down on the Florida coast. Four of the tornadoes were rated F0 on the Fujita scale, two were rated F1, and one was given an F2 rating with estimated wind speeds of 113–157 mph (182–253 km/h).

After stalling offshore for almost a day, a mid- to upper-tropospheric trough over the central U.S. slowly pulled Tropical Storm Gordon northward then north-northeastward towards Florida's west coast. The storm made landfall between Ft. Myers and Naples with 50 mph (80 km/h) winds. The eastward component of the storm's movement increased, and Gordon moved northeastward onto the Florida Peninsula at 10 mph (16 km/h). The storm barely weakened as it crossed the landmass keeping its 50 mph (80 km/h) winds. Crossing the peninsula in a mere six hours, the storm continued to pick up speed. Early on November 17, back over the open ocean, the storm's central pressure began to fall. Improved organization was not apparent and wind shear was pulling at the core of the deep convection when, on November 17, Gordon suddenly spawned 75 mph (121 km/h) winds and was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane.

## Third Florida landfall and demise

The shortwave trough that had been steering Gordon across Florida moved ahead of the storm and its influence was replaced by a mid-tropospheric ridge over the eastern United States. Under the influence of this new ridge, the storm, which had been speeding northeast at 25 mph (40 km/h), turned to the north late on November 17. The hurricane's loop continued, and as it moved to a west-northwesterly heading Gordon briefly threatened North Carolina's Outer Banks before stalling offshore once again. In the presence of weak steering currents once again, Gordon lost strength and slipped back to tropical storm status with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds. On November 18, about 90 mi (140 km) off the Outer Banks, Gordon began a southward drift away from the North Carolina coast. In its brush with the Mid-Atlantic States, Gordon dropped 2–5 in (5.1–12.7 cm) with a maximum of 5.25 in (13.3 cm) recorded at Norfolk, Virginia. Warm waters improved its organization, but this did not result in stronger winds and the storm continued to weaken. Strong upper-level winds battered the storm from the northwest. They sheared away Gordon's upper-level convection while polluting the storm with colder and drier air that weakened its lower level convection.

A high-pressure system over the central United States drifted east and added a westward component to Gordon's southward motion, pulling the storm southwest towards Florida. The persistent shear and a continued lack of deep convection eventually reduced the storm's winds to below tropical storm force, and on the morning on November 20, Gordon became a tropical depression. The high pressure system over the continent continued pulling the depression towards the west until it made its final landfall near Cape Canaveral that night with winds of 30 mph (48 km/h). Between its three Floridian landfalls, Hurricane Gordon dumped 5–10 in (13–25 cm) of rain on Florida, with a station at Cooperstown recording 16.1 in (41 cm). The storm moved northward across Florida, northeastward across Georgia, and finally merged with a frontal system over South Carolina.

### Track and forecasting

Gordon's track was likened to Hurricane Dawn in 1972. The National Hurricane Center described the storm as "a complex system, \[which\] followed an unusual, erratic path over the western Caribbean Sea and islands, Florida and the southwestern Atlantic." Due to the path, the agency had difficulties in forecasting Gordon, and the forecast errors were 10% to 30% above the average of the previous decade.

## InfoBox

Hurricane Gordon
| Hurricane Gordon's winding route | |
| --- | --- |
| Meteorological history | |
| Formed | November 8, 1994 |
| Dissipated | November 21, 1994 |
| Category 1 hurricane | |
| *1-minute sustained* (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 85 mph (140 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 980 mbar (hPa); 28.94 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Areas affected | Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, southeast United States |
| ---  Part of the **1994 Atlantic hurricane season** | |


title: Tour manager

abstract: A tour manager is the person who helps to organize the administration for a schedule of appearances of a musical group (band) or artist at a sequence of venues. In general, road managers handle tour details for their specific band, while tour managers are used to oversee the logistics, finances and communications for tours as a holistic entity. So, on any given tour, there may be road managers taking care of each band as well as a Tour Manager responsible for caring for the entire tour. The Tour Manager may also be the headlining band's road manager. The performances on a concert tour are booked by the act’s booking agent, who works with concert promoters to place the act in suitable venues and festivals in a time frame and territory agreed with the act’s management. Individual concert promoters negotiate the financial, technical and hospitality requirements of the artist and make an offer to the booking agent for the show. The tour is announced and tickets put on sale when agreement is reached on the tour dates. As modern concert touring involves complex financial, legal and technical arrangements, the booking agent or artist manager hire a tour manager to organize the logistics, personnel, communications and schedule. Concert tour managers are usually freelancers working on a tour-by-tour basis.

text:
# Tour manager

A **tour manager** (or **concert tour manager**) is the person who helps to organize the administration for a schedule of appearances of a musical group (band) or artist at a sequence of venues (a concert tour). In general, road managers handle tour details for their specific band, while tour managers are used to oversee the logistics, finances and communications for tours as a holistic entity. So, on any given tour, there may be road managers taking care of each band as well as a Tour Manager responsible for caring for the entire tour. The Tour Manager may also be the headlining band's road manager.

The performances on a concert tour are booked by the act’s booking agent, who works with concert promoters to place the act in suitable venues and festivals in a time frame and territory agreed with the act’s management. Individual concert promoters negotiate the financial, technical and hospitality requirements of the artist and make an offer to the booking agent for the show. The tour is announced and tickets put on sale when agreement is reached on the tour dates. As modern concert touring involves complex financial, legal and technical arrangements, the booking agent or artist manager hire a tour manager to organize the logistics, personnel, communications and schedule. Concert tour managers are usually freelancers working on a tour-by-tour basis.

## Duties

The tour manager is given the itinerary for the tour by the booking agent or Artist Manager. Working from this itinerary, the tour manager handles the following activities.

### Financial

The itinerary includes information about the potential ticket income (fees) for each show. Using this information the tour manager can produce a budget for the tour, calculating costs for crew wages, per diems, accommodation, transport, sound, lighting and video equipment, visas and work permits, rehearsals and other expenses such as booking agent commissions.

### Advancing

Advancing is the process of contacting each promoter and venue to ensure the entire artist's technical and hospitality demands (the *rider*) are met and to resolve any problems the promoter or venue can foresee. The artist's rider covers catering, production (sound, lights, stagehands needed), security, general show, and legal issues. During the advancing process the tour manager checks contact names and addresses, arrival times, equipment load-in times, sound check and performance times, any supporting/opening acts, and live music curfews. This information is collated into a "tour book" which is issued to the band and crew.

### On the road

The tour manager travels with the band on the tour. The job on the road varies depending on the type and success level of the act. A tour manager's day-to-day workload can include:

* Overseeing hotel departures
* Settling accommodation bills
* Overseeing travel arrangements; i.e. band and crew onto the bus or to the airport
* Paying per diems to the band/artist and crew
* Overseeing venue arrival - double-checking hospitality and technical arrangements
* Arranging up-to-date running order with venue and promoter
* Overseeing promotional activities; i.e. TV, radio and press interviews at the venue or at other locations
* Supervising setup operations
* Supervising any support or opening acts
* Ensuring venue is ready to open on time by supervising sound check times
* Liaising with transport department regarding the next days' travel
* Ensuring all acts perform on time and for the allotted time
* Settling performance fee with promoter and collecting any cash due
* Ensuring all touring equipment is re-packed and loaded back onto tour transport
* Preparing band and crew schedule sheets for the next day
* Overseeing band and crew on to appropriate overnight transport or to next hotel
* Reporting this show's attendance figures to management and booking agent
* Troubleshooting unforeseen issues and emergencies that occur
* Ordering after show food for the band and crew
* Preparing an accurate tour budget for the manager and business manager to approve
* Doing daily tour accounting if there is no tour accountant
* Preparing the tour book (itinerary) which contains information such as venue details, hotel details, promoter details, show schedule and daily travel details
* Hiring the road crew (roadies)
* Supervises the creation of tour backstage passes
* Coordinates gear rental (sound, lights, backline) with production manager
* Coordinates any visas and work permits needed for touring entourage
* Deals with foreign artist tax deductions (when applicable) with business manager and promoter
* Updates artist contract rider when necessary
* Coordinates air, sea and land cargo when necessary
* Coordinates ordering of tour supplies (guitar strings, drum sticks, batteries, etc.) when needed
* Coordinates creation of scenic shows such as backdrops and scrims when needed
* Prepares carnets for equipment with shipping companies when necessary
* Supervises creation of stage plots and input charts with stage crew when necessary and adds them to rider
* Completes daily guest list for band and crew
* Supports merchandiser when needed


title: Tour du Sud-Est

abstract: The Tour du Sud-Est was a professional cycle race held as a stage race in France. It was first held in 1919 and held for the final time in 1983, although it wasn't held every year. In 1965 it was part of the Super Prestige Pernod series. The race was also known by different names in its history: Circuit de Provence (1919–1920), Circuit du Byrrh (1927–1929), Tour des Provinces du Sud-Est (1955–1957) and Circuit du Provençal (1964–1965).

text:
# Tour du Sud-Est

The **Tour du Sud-Est** was a professional cycle race held as a stage race in France. It was first held in 1919 and held for the final time in 1983, although it wasn't held every year. In 1965 it was part of the Super Prestige Pernod series. The race was also known by different names in its history: Circuit de Provence (1919–1920), Circuit du Byrrh (1927–1929), Tour des Provinces du Sud-Est (1955–1957) and Circuit du Provençal (1964–1965).

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1919 | Belgium | Alfred Steux |  |
| 1920 | France | Francis Pélissier |  |
| 1921–1923 | **No race** | | | |
| 1924 | Italy | Alfredo Binda |  |
| 1925 | France | André Villevieille |  |
| 1926 | France | José Pelletier |  |
| 1927 | France | Joseph Maurel |  |
| 1928 | France | François Menta |  |
| 1929 | France | Georges Cuvelier |  |
| 1930–1937 | **No race** | | | |
|  | France | Oreste Bernardoni |  |
| 1939 | Italy | Nello Troggi |  |
| 1940–1949 | **No race** | | | |
| 1950 | France | Marius Bonnet |  |
| 1951 | France | Robert Bonnaventure |  |
| 1952 | France | Bernard Gauthier |  |
| 1953 | France | Roger Hassenforder |  |
| 1954 | France | Jean Dacquay |  |
| 1955 | Luxembourg | Charly Gaul |  |
| 1956 | France | Jean Stablinski |  |
| 1957 | France | Jean Graczyk |  |
| 1958 | France | Bernard Gauthier |  |
| 1959 | France | René Privat |  |
| 1960 | Great Britain | Tom Simpson |  |
| 1961 | **No race** | | | |
| 1962 | France | Gérard Thiélin |  |
| 1963 | France | Jean-Claude Lebaube |  |
| 1964 | France | Jean-Claude Annaert |  |
| 1965 | Spain | Federico Bahamontes |  |
| 1966–1982 | **No race** | | | |
| 1983 | Switzerland | Jean-Marie Grezet |  |

## InfoBox

Tour du Sud-Est
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | Southeast France |
| Discipline | Road |
| Competition | Super Prestige Pernod |
| Type | Stage race |
| History | |
| First edition | 1919 (1919) |
| Editions | 26 |
| Final edition | 1983 |
| First winner | Alfred Steux (BEL) |
| Most wins | 2 wins:<br>Bernard Gauthier (FRA) |
| Final winner | Jean-Marie Grezet (SUI) |


title: Mesophleps argonota

abstract: Mesophleps argonota is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Australia.

text:
# Mesophleps argonota

***Mesophleps argonota*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Australia (New South Wales).

## InfoBox

| *Mesophleps argonota* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Mesophleps* |
| Species: | ***M. argonota*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mesophleps argonota***<br>(Lower, 1901) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ypsolophus argonota* Lower, 1901 * *Megacraspedus argonota* | |


title: Torrecilla del Monte

abstract: Torrecilla del Monte is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 88 inhabitants.

text:
# Torrecilla del Monte

**Torrecilla del Monte** is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 88 inhabitants.

42°06′N 3°41′W / 42.100°N 3.683°W / 42.100; -3.683

## InfoBox

| Torrecilla del Monte | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
| Entrance to Torrecilla del Monte | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Burgos |
| Comarca | Arlanza |
| Area | |
| Total | 14 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 65 |
| Density | 4.6/km2 (12/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 09390 |
| Website | http://www.torrecilladelmonte.es/ |


title: Marea (restaurant)

abstract: Marea is an Italian and seafood restaurant at 240 Central Park South, on Columbus Circle in Manhattan, New York City, opened in May 2009.

text:
# Marea (restaurant)

**Marea** is an Italian and seafood restaurant at 240 Central Park South, on Columbus Circle in Manhattan, New York City, opened in May 2009.

## Awards and reviews

It won the James Beard Award for best new restaurant in 2010. Most recently, in February 2023, The Infatuation named Marea one of the, "15 Most Exciting Dining Spots in NYC Right Now." Additional recent accolades include, "One of the City's Top Italian Spots," by Eater and Business Insider's Best Restaurants in America.

In 2012 Marea received two stars in the Michelin guide; in 2020 it was downgraded to a single star. The restaurant lost its final star in 2022. It was also featured on the show *Top Chef: All Stars*.

Since 2011, it has been the recipient of the AAA Five Star Award.

In 2013, *Zagats* gave it a food rating of 28 in its then thirty-point ranking, the top rating for any Italian restaurant in Manhattan.

In July 2013, Marea was the restaurant chosen for the *Financial Times* column "Lunch with the FT" with the guest being Ron Perelman.

In 2016, Anthony Bourdain named it as one of his favorite places to dine in New York City.

## InfoBox

| Marea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | May 2009 (2009-05) |
| Owner(s) | Ahmass Fakahany |
| Chef | Lauren DeSteno |
| Food type | Italian cuisine, seafood |
| Rating | AAA Five Diamond Award (2011-2023) |
| Street address | 240 Central Park South, Manhattan |
| City | New York City |
| State | New York |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 10019 |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 40°46′03″N 73°58′51″W / 40.76750°N 73.98083°W / 40.76750; -73.98083 |


title: Four-line wrasse

abstract: The four-line wrasse, Larabicus quadrilineatus, is a species of wrasse native to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It can be found on coral reefs at depths from the surface to 15 m (49 ft). Juveniles are cleaner fish, while the adults feed on coral polyps. This species grows to 11.5 cm (4.5 in) in total length. This species is the only known member of its genus.

text:
# Four-line wrasse

The **four-line wrasse**, *Larabicus quadrilineatus*, is a species of wrasse native to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It can be found on coral reefs at depths from the surface to 15 m (49 ft). Juveniles are cleaner fish, while the adults feed on coral polyps. This species grows to 11.5 cm (4.5 in) in total length. This species is the only known member of its genus.

## InfoBox

| Four-line wrasse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Labridae |
| Genus: | *Larabicus*
Randall & Springer, 1973 |
| Species: | ***L. quadrilineatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Larabicus quadrilineatus***
(Rüppell, 1835) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Labrus quadrilineatus* Rüppell, 1835 | |


title: Vrh (Krk)

abstract: Vrh is a village in Croatia.

text:
# Vrh (Krk)

**Vrh** is a village in Croatia.

45°03′00″N 14°31′49″E / 45.05000°N 14.53028°E / 45.05000; 14.53028

## InfoBox

| Vrh | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| VrhLocation of Vrh within Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 45°03′00″N 14°31′49″E / 45.05000°N 14.53028°E / 45.05000; 14.53028 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Primorje-Gorski Kotar |
| Municipality | Krk |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.7 km2 (7.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 199 m (653 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 939 |
| Density | 50/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 51500 Krk |
| Area code | +385 (0)51 |
| Vehicle registration | RI |


title: Timbiriche X

abstract: Timbiriche X is the tenth album released by Mexican pop and rock band Timbiriche. The first single "Me Pongo Mal" was released in late 1989 and by the time the full album debuted in April 1990, the single was at the top of the charts. Timbiriche in 1990 featured Paulina Rubio, Bibi Gaytán, Edith Márquez, Erik Rubin, Diego Schoening and Claudio Bermúdez. Patty Tanus was the seventh member during the recording of the album and participated in the initial promotion, but was replaced by Silvia Campos by the time the album was released. Despite four member changes over the course of a year, the album sold 250,000 and was certified as platinum, the group went on to fulfill a heavy tour schedule.

text:
# Timbiriche X

***Timbiriche X*** is the tenth album released by Mexican pop and rock band Timbiriche. The first single "Me Pongo Mal" was released in late 1989 and by the time the full album debuted in April 1990, the single was at the top of the charts.

Timbiriche in 1990 featured Paulina Rubio, Bibi Gaytán, Edith Márquez, Erik Rubin, Diego Schoening and Claudio Bermúdez. Patty Tanus was the seventh member during the recording of the album and participated in the initial promotion, but was replaced by Silvia Campos by the time the album was released. Despite four member changes over the course of a year, the album sold 250,000 and was certified as platinum, the group went on to fulfill a heavy tour schedule.

## Background, production and promotion

The year of 1988 was a successful one for the group Timbiriche, the album *Timbiriche VIII & IX*, yielded several successful singles and the album achieved platinum certification, selling over a million copies in Mexico. However, two of the most popular members broke up with the group, seeking to launch themselves as solo artists, namely: Eduardo Capetillo and Thalía. The producers did not give up on the band, and sought two new members to record and release the tenth album, newcomers Bibi Gaytán, Cláudio Bermúdez and Patty Tanús (who remained in the group for only six months) were hired to join Diego Schoening, Erik Rubín, Paulina Rubio and Edith Marquez. There was a lot of speculation as to Patty's separation from the group, but rumor has it that she lied about being married when she entered the group, plus the supposed inclination on behalf of Paulina Rubio that Patty was to mature for the group.

To promote an album, a promotional tour was made, which featured shows in Mexico, the United States, Central America and South America.

## Commercial performance

### Singles

The first single from the album was "Me Pongo Mal", it was released in the early of 1990, the song peaked at #11 on the biweekly list of the most played songs on Mexican radio, made by the magazine *Notitas Musicales*. The second single was released months later, being it the song "Historia de Amor", the song managed to surpass the peak of the previous single, peaking the position of number nine. One last single was released, "Yo No Soy Una Más", however, it didn't appear on the music charts.

### Album

The album managed to repeat the success of previous albums and sold more than 250,000 copies in Mexico, according to *Notitas Musicales* magazine, which earned the group another platinum record.

## Track listing

The U.S. version by Fonovisa transposed tracks 5 and 10 and the original Mexican album included lyrics. Tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 were released as singles. *Timbiriche X*, by Melody in Mexico, featured the following songs:

*Timbiriche X*
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Performer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Princesa Tibetana" | * Memo Méndez |  | 5:51 |
| 2. | "Yo No Soy Una Más" | * Anahí Van * Méndez |  | 4:13 |
| 3. | "Yo Por Ti" | * Van * Méndez | * Patty | 2:46 |
| 4. | "Sacúdete" |  |  | 2:45 |
| 5. | "Historia de Amor" | * Van * Méndez | * All members | 3:57 |
| 6. | "Me Pongo Mal" | * Paulina Carranza * Méndez |  | 3:34 |
| 7. | "Eres Un Milagro" | * Van * Méndez |  | 4:58 |
| 8. | "Cómo Te Diré" | * Van * Méndez |  | 3:58 |
| 9. | "Escapar de Ti" | * Syntek | * All members | 3:20 |
| 10. | "Somos Uno" | * Van * Méndez | * All members | 3:27 |
| Total length: | | | | 39:42 |

## InfoBox

| Timbiriche 10 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Timbiriche | |
| Released | 1990 (1990) |
| Recorded | 1989 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Fonovisa |
| Timbiriche chronology | |
| *Timbiriche VIII & IX*
(1988) ***Timbiriche 10***
(1990) *Timbiriche 11*
(1992) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Timbiriche X* | |
| 1. "Me Pongo Mal"
Released: January 1989 2. "Historia de Amor"
Released: June 1990 3. "Yo No Soy Una Más"
Released: September 1990 | |
|  | |


abstract: The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best supporting actor of the year.

text:
# Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor

The **Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor** is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best supporting actor of the year.

## Winners

### 1990s

| **Year** | **Winner** | **Film** | **Role** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | **Burt Reynolds** | *Boogie Nights* | Jack Horner |
| | Rupert Everett | *My Best Friend's Wedding* | George Downes |
| | Anthony Hopkins | *Amistad* | John Quincy Adams |
| 1998 | **Billy Bob Thornton** | *A Simple Plan* | Jacob Mitchell |
| | Ed Harris | *The Truman Show* | Christof |
| | Jason Patric | *Your Friends & Neighbors* | Cary |
| 1999 | **Haley Joel Osment** | *The Sixth Sense* | Cole Sear |
| | Wes Bentley | *American Beauty* | Ricky Fitts |
| | Michael Clarke Duncan | *The Green Mile* | John Coffey |
| | John Malkovich | *Being John Malkovich* | John Horatio Malkovich |
| | Christopher Plummer | *The Insider* | Mike Wallace |
|

### 2000s

| **Year** | **Winner** | **Film** | **Role** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | **Benicio del Toro** | *Traffic* | Javier Rodriguez |
| | **Philip Seymour Hoffman** | *Almost Famous* | Lester Bangs |
| | Jack Black | *High Fidelity* | Barry |
| | Willem Dafoe | *Shadow of the Vampire* | Max Schreck |
| | Albert Finney | *Erin Brockovich* | Edward L. Masry |
| | Joaquin Phoenix | *Gladiator* | Commodus |
| 2001 | **Steve Buscemi** | *Ghost World* | Seymour |
| | Ben Kingsley | *Sexy Beast* | Don Logan |
| | Jude Law | *A.I. Artificial Intelligence* | Gigolo Joe |
| | Ian McKellen | *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* | Gandalf the Grey |
| | Tony Shalhoub | *The Man Who Wasn't There* | Freddy Riedenschneider |
| 2002 | **Dennis Quaid** | *Far from Heaven* | Frank Whitaker |
| | Alan Arkin | *Thirteen Conversations About One Thing* | Gene |
| | Chris Cooper | *Adaptation.* | John Laroche |
| | Paul Newman | *Road to Perdition* | John Rooney |
| | Andy Serkis | *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* | Sméagol/Gollum |
| 2003 | **Peter Sarsgaard** | *Shattered Glass* | Chuck Lane |
| | Sean Astin | *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* | Samwise Gamgee |
| | Alec Baldwin | *The Cooler* | Shelly Kaplow |
| | Tim Robbins | *Mystic River* | Dave Boyle |
| | Andy Serkis | *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* | Sméagol/Gollum |
| 2004 | **Thomas Haden Church** | *Sideways* | Jack Lopate |
| | David Carradine | *Kill Bill: Volume 2* | Bill |
| | Jamie Foxx | *Collateral* | Max Durocher |
| | Clive Owen | *Closer* | Larry Gray |
| | Peter Sarsgaard | *Kinsey* | Clyde Martin |
| 2005 | **Mickey Rourke** | *Sin City* | Marv |
| | Matt Dillon | *Crash* | Officer John Ryan |
| | Paul Giamatti | *Cinderella Man* | Joe Gould |
| | Jake Gyllenhaal | *Brokeback Mountain* | Jack Twist |
| | William Hurt | *A History of Violence* | Richie Cusack |
| 2006 | **Jackie Earle Haley** | *Little Children* | Ronald James McGorvey |
| | Alan Arkin | *Little Miss Sunshine* | Edwin Hoover |
| | Eddie Murphy | *Dreamgirls* | James "Thunder" Early |
| | Jack Nicholson | *The Departed* | Frank Costello |
| | Mark Wahlberg | *The Departed* | Sgt. Sean Dignam |
| 2007 | **Javier Bardem** | *No Country for Old Men* | Anton Chigurh |
| | Casey Affleck | *The Assassination of Jesse James...* | Robert Ford |
| | Philip Seymour Hoffman | *Charlie Wilson's War* | Gust Avrakotos |
| | Hal Holbrook | *Into the Wild* | Ron Franz |
| | Tom Wilkinson | *Michael Clayton* | Arthur Edens |
| 2008 | **Heath Ledger** posthumously | *The Dark Knight* | The Joker |
| | Robert Downey Jr. | *Tropic Thunder* | Kirk Lazarus |
| | Philip Seymour Hoffman | *Doubt* | Father Brendan Flynn |
| | Eddie Marsan | *Happy-Go-Lucky* | Scott |
| | Michael Shannon | *Revolutionary Road* | John Givings, Jr. |
| 2009 | **Christoph Waltz** | *Inglourious Basterds* | Col. Hans Landa |
| | Peter Capaldi | *In the Loop* | Malcolm Tucker |
| | Jackie Earle Haley | *Watchmen* | Walter Kovacs / Rorschach |
| | Woody Harrelson | *The Messenger* | Capt. Tony Stone |
| | Anthony Mackie | *The Hurt Locker* | Sergeant J. T. Sanborn |
|

### 2010s

| **Year** | **Winner** | **Film** | **Role** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | **Christian Bale** | *The Fighter* | Dicky Eklund |
| | Andrew Garfield | *The Social Network* | Eduardo Saverin |
| | John Hawkes | *Winter's Bone* | Teardrop Dolly |
| | Mark Ruffalo | *The Kids Are All Right* | Paul Hatfield |
| | Geoffrey Rush | *The King's Speech* | Lionel Logue |
| 2011 | **Christopher Plummer** | *Beginners* | Hal Fields |
| | Albert Brooks | *Drive* | Bernie Rose |
| | John Hawkes | *Martha Marcy May Marlene* | Patrick |
| | Nick Nolte | *Warrior* | Paddy Conlon |
| | Brad Pitt | *The Tree of Life* | Mr. O'Brien |
| 2012 | **Philip Seymour Hoffman** | *The Master* | Lancaster Dodd |
| | Alan Arkin | *Argo* | Lester Siegel |
| | Dwight Henry | *Beasts of the Southern Wild* | Wink |
| | Tommy Lee Jones | *Lincoln* | Thaddeus Stevens |
| | Christoph Waltz | *Django Unchained* | Dr. King Schultz |
| 2013 | **Michael Fassbender** | *12 Years a Slave* | Edwin Epps |
| | Barkhad Abdi | *Captain Phillips* | Abduwali Muse |
| | Jared Leto | *Dallas Buyers Club* | Rayon |
| | Matthew McConaughey | *Mud* | Mud |
| | Sam Rockwell | *The Way, Way Back* | Owen |
| 2014 | **Edward Norton** | *Birdman* | Mike Shiner |
| | Josh Brolin | *Inherent Vice* | Lt. Det. Christian "Bigfoot" Bjornsen |
| | Ethan Hawke | *Boyhood* | Mason Evans, Sr. |
| | Mark Ruffalo | *Foxcatcher* | David Schultz |
| | J. K. Simmons | *Whiplash* | Terrence Fletcher |
| 2015 | **Oscar Isaac** | *Ex Machina* | Nathan Bateman |
| | Mark Ruffalo | *Spotlight* | Michael Rezendes |
| | Mark Rylance | *Bridge of Spies* | Rudolf Abel |
| | Sylvester Stallone | *Creed* | Rocky Balboa |
| | Benicio del Toro | *Sicario* | Alejandro |
| 2016 | **Mahershala Ali** | *Moonlight* | Juan |
| | Tom Bennett | *Love & Friendship* | Sir James Martin |
| | Jeff Bridges | *Hell or High Water* | Marcus Hamilton |
| | Lucas Hedges | *Manchester by the Sea* | Patrick Chandler |
| | Michael Shannon | *Nocturnal Animals* | Detective Bobby Andes |
| 2017 | **Sam Rockwell** | *Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri* | Officer Jason Dixon |
| | Armie Hammer | *Call Me by Your Name* | Oliver |
| | Richard Jenkins | *The Shape of Water* | Giles |
| | Patrick Stewart | *Logan* | Charles Xavier |
| | Michael Stuhlbarg | *Call Me by Your Name* | Mr. Perlman |
| 2018 | **Michael B. Jordan** | *Black Panther* | Erik Killmonger |
| | Adam Driver | *BlacKkKlansman* | Flip Zimmerman |
| | Mahershala Ali | *Green Book* | Dr. Donald Shirley |
| | Richard E. Grant | *Can You Ever Forgive Me?* | Jack Hock |
| | Steven Yeun | *Burning* | Ben |
| 2019 | **Brad Pitt** | *Once Upon a Time in Hollywood* | Cliff Booth |
| | Al Pacino | *The Irishman* | Jimmy Hoffa |
| | Joe Pesci | *The Irishman* | Russell Bufalino |
| | Song Kang-ho | *Parasite* | Kim Ki-taek |
| | Willem Dafoe | *The Lighthouse* | Thomas Wake |

### 2020s

| **Year** | **Winner** | **Film** | **Role** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | **Leslie Odom Jr.** | *One Night in Miami...* | Sam Cooke |
| | Sacha Baron Cohen | *The Trial of the Chicago 7* | Abbie Hoffman |
| | Chadwick Boseman | *Da 5 Bloods* | "Stormin'" Norman Earl Holloway |
| | Bill Murray | *On the Rocks* | Felix Keane |
| | Paul Raci | *Sound of Metal* | Joe |
| 2021 | **Kodi Smit-McPhee** | *The Power of the Dog* | Peter Gordon |
| | Mike Faist | *West Side Story* | Riff |
| | Ciarán Hinds | *Belfast* | Pop |
| | Troy Kotsur | *CODA* | Frank Rossi |
| | Jeffrey Wright | *The French Dispatch* | Roebuck Wright |
| 2022 | **Ke Huy Quan** | *Everything Everywhere All At Once* | Waymond Wang |
| | Barry Keoghan | *The Banshees of Inisherin* | Dominic Kearney |
| | | Brendan Gleeson | Colm Doherty |
| | Brian Tyree Henry | *Causeway* | James |
| | Paul Dano | *The Fabelmans* | Burt Fabelman |
| 2023 | **Robert Downey Jr.** | *Oppenheimer* | Lewis Strauss |
| | Robert De Niro | *Killers of the Flower Moon* | William King Hale |
| | Ryan Gosling | *Barbie* | Ken |
| | Charles Melton | *May December* | Joe Yoo |
| | Mark Ruffalo | *Poor Things* | Duncan Wedderburn |
|

* "OFCS - Awards". Retrieved 2020-12-22.


abstract: Twomile Creek is a stream in Oregon County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri, United States. It is a tributary of the Warm Fork Spring River. The stream headwaters are at 36°34′38″N 91°37′13″W and the confluence with the Warm Fork Spring River is at 36°31′25″N 91°32′11″W. The stream source area lies about 1.5 miles southeast of Koshkonong and the stream flows southeast roughly paralleling U.S. Route 63 until entering the Warm Fork Spring River in east Thayer. Twomile Creek was named due to the presumed length.

text:
# Twomile Creek (Warm Fork Spring River tributary)

**Twomile Creek** is a stream in Oregon County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri, United States. It is a tributary of the Warm Fork Spring River.

The stream headwaters are at 36°34′38″N 91°37′13″W / 36.57722°N 91.62028°W / 36.57722; -91.62028 and the confluence with the Warm Fork Spring River is at 36°31′25″N 91°32′11″W / 36.52361°N 91.53639°W / 36.52361; -91.53639. The stream source area lies about 1.5 miles southeast of Koshkonong and the stream flows southeast roughly paralleling U.S. Route 63 until entering the Warm Fork Spring River in east Thayer.

Twomile Creek was named due to the presumed length.


title: Ontario Arts Foundation

abstract: The Ontario Arts Foundation is a non-governmental not for profit organization established in 1991 under the Ontario Corporations Act to encourage and facilitate private giving to the arts in Ontario, Canada. The group is distinct from the Ontario Arts Council, which administers public funding for Ontario Artists and arts organizations.

text:
# Ontario Arts Foundation

The **Ontario Arts Foundation** is a non-governmental not for profit organization established in 1991 under the Ontario Corporations Act to encourage and facilitate private giving to the arts in Ontario, Canada. The group is distinct from the Ontario Arts Council, which administers public funding for Ontario Artists and arts organizations.

## Operation

The Foundation assists the Ontario Arts Council by assisting with private funding of the arts and oversees 360 endowments established by individuals, foundations, corporations and arts organizations.

In 2023, it had $100 million in assets and disbursements of over $5.8 million using a staff of two and a board of 15.

## Programs

The Foundation manages three programs, the Arts Endowment Fund Program, the Canada Cultural Investment Fund, Endowment Incentives Component, and the Private Funds, Awards, Scholarships.

List of private funds, awards and scholarships administered by the Ontario Arts Foundation:

* Louis Applebaum Composers Award
* Laura Ciruls Painting Fund
* Virginia and Myrtle Cooper Award in Costume Design
* William and Mary Corcoran Craft Awards
* K.M. Hunter Artist Awards
* Douglas James Dales Fund
* Christopher Dedrick Fund
* Paul de Hueck and Norman Walford Career Achievement Awards
* Hal Jackman Fund
* Mary Jolliffe Award for Senior Arts Administrators
* Hugh D. McKellar Fund
* Kathleen McMorrow Music Award
* Ontario Arts Foundation Artist Educator Award
* Orford String Quartet Fund
* Philip Akin – Black Shoulders Legacy Award
* Christina and Louis Quilico Awards
* Ruth & Sylvia Schwartz Children's Book Awards
* Ellen Ross Stuart Opening Doors Awards
* Tafelmusik, Horst Dantz and Don Quick Endowed Fund
* Tim Sims Encouragement Fund Award
* Le Fonds Héritage Richard – Vaillancourt Legacy Fund
* Gina Wilkinson Prize for an Emerging Female Director
* Wuchien Michael Than Fund

## InfoBox

Ontario Arts Foundation
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| Formation | 1991 (1991) |
| Website | oafdn.ca |