title: Ontario Highway 416

abstract: King's Highway 416, commonly referred to as Highway 416 and as the Veterans Memorial Highway, is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects Highway 417 in Ottawa with Highway 401 between Brockville and Cornwall. The 76.4-kilometre-long (47.5 mi) freeway acts as an important trade corridor from Interstate 81 between New York and Eastern Ontario via Highway 401, as well as the fastest link between Ottawa and Toronto. Highway 416 passes through a largely rural area, except near its northern terminus where it enters the suburbs of Ottawa. The freeway also serves several communities along its length, notably Spencerville and Kemptville. Highway 416 had two distinct construction phases. Highway 416 "North" was the 21-kilometre (13 mi) segment starting from an interchange at Highway 417 and bypassing the original route of Highway 16 into Ottawa along a new right-of-way. Highway 416 "South" was the twinning of 57 kilometres (35 mi) of Highway 16 New, plus a new Y interchange connecting to Highway 401 towards Kingston and Toronto. Sections of both opened throughout the late 1990s. Highway 416 was commemorated as the Veterans Memorial Highway on the 54th anniversary of D-Day in 1998. The final link was officially opened by a World War I veteran and local officials on September 23, 1999.

text:
# Ontario Highway 416

**King's Highway 416**, commonly referred to as **Highway 416** and as the **Veterans Memorial Highway**, is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects Highway 417 (Trans-Canada Highway) in Ottawa with Highway 401 between Brockville and Cornwall. The 76.4-kilometre-long (47.5 mi) freeway acts as an important trade corridor from Interstate 81 between New York and Eastern Ontario via Highway 401, as well as the fastest link between Ottawa and Toronto. Highway 416 passes through a largely rural area, except near its northern terminus where it enters the suburbs of Ottawa. The freeway also serves several communities along its length, notably Spencerville and Kemptville.

Highway 416 had two distinct construction phases. Highway 416 "North" was the 21-kilometre (13 mi) segment starting from an interchange at Highway 417 and bypassing the original route of Highway 16 into Ottawa (now Prince of Wales Drive) along a new right-of-way. Highway 416 "South" was the twinning of 57 kilometres (35 mi) of Highway 16 New (a two-lane expressway constructed throughout the 1970s and finished in 1983 that bypassed the original Highway 16), plus a new Y interchange connecting to Highway 401 towards Kingston and Toronto. Sections of both opened throughout the late 1990s. Highway 416 was commemorated as the Veterans Memorial Highway on the 54th anniversary of D-Day in 1998. The final link was officially opened by a World War I veteran and local officials on September 23, 1999.

## Route description

Highway 416 begins at an interchange with Highway 401, branching to the north near the community of Johnstown in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville. This interchange only provides access to and from the west of Highway 401, but immediately north of it, a second interchange with the remaining section of Highway 16 provides access from Johnstown and to a parclo interchange with both directions of Highway 401, as well as to the Ogdensburg-Prescott International Bridge crossing to Ogdensburg, New York. Proceeding north, the two carriageways of the freeway are separated by a 68-metre-wide (223 ft) forested median. The route is surrounded by thick forests for the next 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). As it passes beneath Leeds and Grenville County Road 44, the original routing of Highway 16 (the Prescott Highway) south of Spencerville, it exits the forest and enters farm fields. The route travels to the east of the community, access to which is provided by an interchange at County Road 21, and crosses a swamp and the South Nation River.

Highway 416 crosses under the Prescott Highway a second time; to the north, the two remain roughly parallel but separated as they pass through a mix of farmland and forest. South of the community of Kemptville, the Prescott Highway crosses the route a third time, with an interchange connecting the two highways. The freeway curves to the northeast, bypassing Kemptville and featuring an interchange with County Road 43 (formerly Highway 43). It crosses the line of the old Bytown and Prescott Railway, then curves to the northwest, providing an interchange with River Road. At the southeast corner of the River Road interchange is the Veterans Commemorative Park, dedicated in 2000 by the Royal Canadian Legion.

It crosses the Rideau River and enters the City of Ottawa. Aside from the first couple of kilometres north of the Rideau River, the majority of the freeway cuts through swaths of farmland which fill the Ottawa Valley. The median also becomes narrower. The freeway encounters an interchange with Dilworth Road and thereafter with Roger Stevens Drive, the latter providing access to North Gower.

Continuing north of Manotick through fields, Highway 416 is crossed by the Prescott Highway for the fourth and final time as that road turns northeast and travels into downtown Ottawa as Prince of Wales Drive. Shortly thereafter is an interchange with Brophy Drive / Bankfield Road; the latter provides access to the Prescott Highway / Prince of Wales Drive. Approaching urban Ottawa, the route passes alongside a large quarry, then jogs to the west along an S-curve, crossing the Jock River in the process. After this, an interchange with Fallowfield Road provides access to the suburb of Barrhaven which occupies portions of the land immediately east of the freeway. The route jogs back to the east along a second S-curve and passes through an aesthetically designed bridge while traveling alongside the Stony Swamp.

The final section of Highway 416 travels parallel to Cedarview Road, which was relocated for the freeway. The Stony Swamp lies west of the route while farmland lies to the east. At the northern end of the swamp is an interchange with West Hunt Club Road. The freeway continues through a section of greenspace before descending gently into a trench. It passes beneath Bruin Road and the Ottawa Central Railway while traveling alongside Lynwood Village in Bells Corners. The highway is crossed by Baseline Road and Richmond Road; the former provides an onramp to southbound Highway 416. The freeway ends at a directional T interchange with Highway 417 (the latter also known as *The Queensway* in Ottawa and also part of the Trans-Canada Highway) (Exit 131), just south of the Lakeview and Bayshore communities on the Ottawa River; downtown Ottawa is to the east and Kanata is to the west.

### Design features

The Stony Swamp overpass at the southern entrance to Ottawa is a pre-tensioned concrete arch; the design, which allows the structure to cross the entire right of way with a single span, won the 1996 Award of Excellence from the Portland Cement Association. The bridge acts as a gateway to the National Capital Region and is the longest rigid frame bridge in Ontario with a 59-metre-long (194 ft) span. In the same vicinity, the freeway sinks below ground level in a trench; groundwater-retaining walls were installed to prevent the lowering of the water table in adjacent wetlands, therefore mitigating damage to them.

At the Jock River, southwest of Barrhaven, deposits of sensitive leda clay presented a challenge in designing the crossing for the freeway as well as the Canadian National Railway overpass to the north. It was feared that the weight of these structures could destabilize the clay deposits beneath and lead to landslides. In place of the standard heavier aggregate, lighter blast furnace slag, at half the weight, was substituted.

Sloped rock cuts line the side of the freeway in numerous locations. With the intent of reducing the severity of collisions against those cuts, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) tested out numerous alternatives to strike a cost-to-benefit balance. The standard slope used by the MTO is vertical, offset from the edge of the pavement by 10 metres (33 ft). The study concluded that although an initially higher investment would be required, the 2:1 sloped cut with grass overlaid produced the best results.

Since July 12, 2024, the speed limit is 110 km/h (68 mph) on most of its length, with the exception of 5 km (3.1 mi) on the North end of the highway and near the Highway 401 interchange, where the speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph).

## History

### Highway 16 New

In 1966, the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to today's MTO, published the Eastern Ontario Highway Planning Study, identifying the need for a controlled-access highway between Ottawa and Highway 401. Highway 16, which passes over the geologically subdued St. Lawrence Lowlands, was selected over Highway 15, which crosses the undulating Canadian Shield to the west, as the ideal route for the new link. Highway 16 was one of the first roads taken over by the expanding Department of Public Highways in 1918. The important corridor between the Trans-provincial Highway (Highway 2) and Ottawa was known as the Prescott Highway. In 1925, the road was given a numerical designation to supplement the name. This highway served the low traffic volumes of the day, but as the number of vehicles increased over the first half of the 20th century, issues arose with the numerous private driveways along the route. To overcome this issue of abutting properties long-established on the old Highway 16 corridor, the DHO began purchasing a new right-of-way between Highway 401 and Century Road by late 1967 for a two-lane bypass of the original alignment, avoiding all the built-up areas that the original Highway 16 encountered. This route was designed to easily accommodate the eventual upgrade to a freeway when traffic volumes necessitated.

Construction of the super two, dubbed *Highway 16 New*, took place between 1969 and 1983. The Spencerville Bypass opened by 1971, connecting with the old highway in the south near Crowder Road and in the north near Ventnor Road. By the end of 1973, the new highway was completed from immediately north of Highway 401 through Leeds and Grenville United Counties and into Ottawa–Carleton. This included a bypass around Kemptville and a new structure over the Rideau River. The new highway ended at Dilworth Road (Regional Road 13).

For nearly a decade, no new construction took place. Then, during the summer of 1982, the MTO awarded a contract to construct the route north from Dilworth Road towards Manotick, bypassing North Gower and extending the route as far north as Roger Stevens Drive (Regional Road 6), including a structure over Stevens Creek. Following completion of this first contract, a second contract was awarded for the remaining distance north to Century Road (Regional Road 8). The project was completed in 1983, merging into the original route of Highway 16 northeast of the present Prince of Wales Drive overpass.

With the completion of Highway 16 New, the MTO needed only to construct interchanges and the southbound lanes in order to create a full freeway corridor. The upgrade to Highway 416 took place between 1989 and 1999 and was carried out through two separate projects: Highway 416 North was a 21 kilometres (13 mi) freeway on a new alignment through Ottawa and an interchange at Highway 417, and Highway 416 South was the twinning of 57 kilometres (35 mi) of Highway 16 New and an interchange at Highway 401.

### Change of plans

The original plans for Highway 416, conceived during the late 1960s, had it enter Ottawa along the *Merivale Corridor* to merge with the Queensway approximately five kilometres (3.1 mi) east of the present interchange. However, when it came time to construct this section, public attitudes had shifted and environmental concerns had come to the forefront of everyday life; new roads were now subject to intense public scrutiny. Suburbs grew along Merivale Road, prompting the Region of Ottawa–Carleton to request the MTO decommission the right-of-way along the road in 1977, which it did. The passing of the Environmental Assessment Act in 1975, however, meant that new projects were subject to a lengthy investigation of social and environmental concerns.

In 1981, the MTO began an environmental assessment into a new alignment for the northern connection with the Queensway. It was approved in mid-1987, with Cedarview Drive chosen as the ideal alignment for the new freeway. The MTO set out to design a four-lane route to connect the Queensway with Highway 16 New, including a three-level free-flow interchange. A contract for construction of this interchange was awarded in late 1989 and construction began in 1990. During the 1991 construction season, contracts were awarded to construct several overpasses along the new route. This contract was completed in 1993, after which budgetary restraints prevented the awarding of further contracts. As a result, aside from the interchange at Highway 417 and some overpasses, construction activity on Highway 416 came to a standstill for two years.

It was during this period that the MTO undertook an engineering review of the entire route in search of cost inefficiencies. Highways 416 and 407 were constructed during a recession in the mid-1990s. Highway 407 became a tolled highway and for a time it was mentioned in legislative debates that Highway 416 would also be tolled, but ultimately this never happened. Instead, a hiatus in construction allowed engineers to evaluate inefficiencies in bridge and cross-section designs, as well as sensitive clay soils near Ottawa. This initiative led to a cost savings of over $7 million and several of the unique design features located along the length of the freeway.

### Twinning and completion

Work resumed on Highway 416 North following the review. It was opened from Century Road to Hunt Club Road on July 16, 1996, and completed on July 31, 1997, with the opening of the interchange with Highway 417. The cost of this section was $196 million. On December 8, 1995, in North Gower, the provincial and federal governments announced a financing deal to ensure Highway 416 South was completed by 2000. This section of the route was constructed through a process known as twinning in which a second carriageway is built parallel to an existing road. In addition, existing intersections were rebuilt as grade-separated interchanges. With the right-of-way along Highway 16 New already purchased, construction was able to proceed without disruption to local properties or traffic.

The 57-kilometre-long (35 mi) project was constructed through five contracts. The first was awarded to Tarmac Canada on June 10, 1996, calling for twinning of 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) from Century Road south to Roger Stevens Drive. Another contract was awarded one month later to Bot Construction, on August 19. This contract involved the section from Roger Stevens Drive south to what was then Highway 43, a distance of 13 kilometres (8.1 mi). On June 12, 1997, the first section opened, connecting with the Ottawa Bypass at Century Road. On July 10, the third contract was awarded to Armbro Construction to construct the 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) section from Highway 43 south to Grenville County Road 20 (Oxford Station Road). Another contract followed on October 21 for the 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south to Grenville County Road 20 (Shanly Road) which was awarded to Bot Construction. The fifth and final contract was awarded to Armbro Construction on April 8, 1998, calling for the construction of the southern nine kilometres (5.6 mi) and the two flyover ramps at Highway 401. Instead of using Highway 16's existing Parclo interchange with Highway 401 where some ramps had at-grade intersections, this was bypassed by a separate right-of-way so that Highway 416 would meet Highway 401 at a new freeway-to-freeway interchange serving traffic to/from Kingston. Shortly before Highway 416 reaches its southern terminus, an Y interchange was constructed for Highway 16 to branch off where it continues as a short stub through Johnstown.

The section between Roger Stevens Drive and what had now become Leeds and Grenville County Road 43, including a second crossing of the Rideau River, opened to traffic on June 26, 1998. This was followed two months later by the section between Highway 43 and Oxford Station Road, which opened on August 24.

On the fifty-fourth anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1998, then Transportation Minister Tony Clement unveiled two signs in Ottawa and formally declared the entire length of Highway 416 as the Veterans Memorial Highway, despite earlier reluctance from previous minister Al Palladini. Six additional signs were also installed along the length of the route. At the time, the Veterans Memorial Parkway in London already existed. Since then, two additional veterans highways have been named: on October 20, 2002, the Veterans Highway was designated in Halton Region along Regional Road 25; on September 23, 2010, the Niagara Veterans Memorial Highway was designated in Niagara Falls along Regional Road 420. A ceremony was held in Johnstown on September 23, 1999 to open the final section of Highway 416 that would complete the link from Highway 401 to Highway 417. Premier Mike Harris, Transportation Minister David Turnbull and World War I Veteran James W. Fraser officially opened the highway.

On December 14, 2009, there was a 60–70 vehicle pileup due to fog and icy conditions, forcing the closure of the highway in both directions.

## Future

The Ontario government is fighting gridlock in south Ottawa by investing $5 million in a new interchange at Highway 416 and Barnsdale Road. The interchange will save commuters time in the rapidly growing community of Barrhaven and connect more people to housing and jobs across the region.

## Exit list

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 416, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.

| Division | Location | km | mi | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Leeds and Grenville | Edwardsburgh/Cardinal | 0.0 | 0.0 |  | Highway 401 west – Prescott, Kingston | No access from Highway 416 south to Highway 401 east; no access from Highway 401 west to Highway 416 north; Highway 401 exit 721 |
| | | 3.1 | 1.9 | 1 | Highway 16 south to Highway 401 east – Cornwall, Johnstown, US border | Services directions are not accessible from previous interchange; to NY 812 south / NY 37 |
| | | 13.4 | 8.3 | 12 | County Road 21Spencerville |  |
| | North Grenville | 25.8 | 16.0 | 24 | County Road 20 (Oxford Station Road) |  |
| | 30.0 | 18.6 | 28 | County Road 44 (Oxford Mills) | Original alignment of Ontario Highway 16 before the construction of Highway 16 New in the 1980s. |
| | 35.6 | 22.1 | 34 | County Road 43Kemptville, Merrickville |  |
| | 41.6 | 25.8 | 40 | County Road 19 (Rideau River Road) |  |
| Ottawa | | 43.8 | 27.2 | 42 | Road 13 (Dilworth Road) |  |
| | 50.3 | 31.3 | 49 | Road 6 (Roger Stevens Drive) – North Gower |  |
| | 58.8 | 36.5 | 57 | Road 8 (Bankfield Road/Brophy Road) – Manotick, Richmond |  |
| | 59.8 | 37.2 | 59 | Barnsdale Road | Future interchange |
| | 67.4 | 41.9 | 66 | Road 12 (Fallowfield Road) – Barrhaven | To Fallowfield station |
| | 72.8 | 45.2 | 72 | Road 32 (West Hunt Club Road) | To Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport |
| | 75.5 | 46.9 | 75C | Road 16 (Holly Acres Road)
Road 36 (Richmond Road) | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; access to Road 59 (Moodie Drive) via Road 16 (Holly Acres Road) and Road 38 (Carling Avenue) |
| | 76.4 | 47.5 | 75 | Highway 417 (The Queensway) / TCHKanata, Pembroke, Ottawa | Signed as exits 75A (west) and 75B (east); no access to Road 59 (Moodie Drive); Highway 417 exit 131 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | | |

1. The tiny Veterans Commemorative Park (45.08174,-75.63193) at the highway's approximate midpoint may be reached on foot directly from a commuter parking lot on the southeast corner of River Road's Highway 416 interchange.
Template:Attached KML/Ontario Highway 416KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Highway 416 | |
| --- | --- |
| Veterans Memorial Highway | |
| Highway 416 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |
| Length | 76.4 km (47.5 mi) |
| History | * Proposed 1966 * Alignment built 1969–1983 * Freeway built 1990–1999 * Completed September 23, 1999 |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Highway 401 to Toronto |
| Major intersections | Highway 16 south to Johnstown |
| North end | Highway 417 to Ottawa |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 413   Highway 417 | |


title: Željko Tomić

abstract: Željko Tomić is Croatian footballer who currently plays for NK Vinodol.

text:
# Željko Tomić

**Željko Tomić** (born 21 December 1985 in Rijeka) is Croatian footballer who currently plays for NK Vinodol.

## Honours

Skënderbeu Korçë Albanian Superliga 2013-14 Albanian Supercup 2013

2. https://www.sportcom.hr/lokalni-sport/nogomet/koper-rusi-rekorde-momcad-damira-milinovica-u-15-kolu-cetvrte-lige-pobijedila-rezultatom-24-0

## InfoBox

Željko Tomić
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Željko Tomić | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-12-21) 21 December 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Rijeka, Croatia | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Vinodol | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Pomorac | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004–2005 | Vinodol |  |  |
| 2005–2007 | Orijent |  |  |
| 2007–2010 | Pomorac | 77 | (5) |
| 2010–2011 | Primorje | 17 | (2) |
| 2011 | Krk | 17 | (6) |
| 2012 | Rijeka | 2 | (0) |
| 2012–2014 | Skënderbeu Korçë | 42 | (7) |
| 2015 | Vinogradar | 6 | (0) |
| 2015–2017 | Naprijed Hreljin | 29 | (13) |
| 2017 | Lošinj | 8 | (0) |
| 2017 | Nehaj |  |  |
| 2017–2020 | Koper |  |  |
| 2020– | Vinodol |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 30 August 2017 | | | |


title: Żuława, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Żuława is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sosnówka, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Sosnówka, 28 km (17 mi) south-east of Biała Podlaska, and 81 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Żuława, Lublin Voivodeship

**Żuława** \[ʐuˈwava\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sosnówka, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Sosnówka, 28 km (17 mi) south-east of Biała Podlaska, and 81 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Żuława | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Żuława | |
| Coordinates: 51°48′35″N 23°18′9″E / 51.80972°N 23.30250°E / 51.80972; 23.30250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Biała Podlaska |
| Gmina | Sosnówka |


title: Żuławka, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Żuławka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyrzysk, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Wyrzysk, 39 km (24 mi) east of Piła, and 84 km (52 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Żuławka, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Żuławka** \[ʐuˈwafka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyrzysk, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Wyrzysk, 39 km (24 mi) east of Piła, and 84 km (52 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Żuławka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Żuławka | |
| Coordinates: 53°7′N 17°18′E / 53.117°N 17.300°E / 53.117; 17.300 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Piła |
| Gmina | Wyrzysk |


title: Żabieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

abstract: Żabieniec is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Piecki, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

text:
# Żabieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

**Żabieniec** \[ʐaˈbjɛɲɛt͡s\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Piecki, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Żabieniec | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Żabieniec | |
| Coordinates: 53°48′09″N 21°23′06″E / 53.80250°N 21.38500°E / 53.80250; 21.38500 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Mrągowo |
| Gmina | Piecki |


title: Omowumi Dada

abstract: Omowunmi Dada is a Nigerian actress, best known for her role as Folake in the M-Net television series Jemeji. She was also cast in the 2017 Yoruba language film Somewhere in the Dark, which won the award for Best Indigenous Film at the 2017 AMVCA Awards, and for which she received a nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Yoruba) at the Best of Nollywood Awards in 2017. In 2018, Dada played the voice of the titular character in Nigeria's first animation full-length feature film, Sade. Omowunmi Dada is also a voice-over artist, presenter, and model. The talented actress aspires to be a movie director and producer someday. Also, she is a brand ambassador for Jumia Nigeria.

text:
# Omowumi Dada

**Omowunmi Dada** () (born 2 October 1989) is a Nigerian actress, best known for her role as *Folake* in the M-Net television series *Jemeji*. She was also cast in the 2017 Yoruba language film *Somewhere in the Dark*, which won the award for *Best Indigenous Film* at the 2017 AMVCA Awards, and for which she received a nomination for *Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Yoruba)* at the *Best of Nollywood* Awards in 2017. In 2018, Dada played the voice of the titular character in Nigeria's first animation full-length feature film, *Sade*.

Omowunmi Dada is also a voice-over artist, presenter, and model. The talented actress aspires to be a movie director and producer someday. Also, she is a brand ambassador for Jumia Nigeria.

## Early life

Dada was born in Lagos State, where she attended Ifako International Nursery and Primary School for her primary education, during this time, she became a member of the *Yoruba Cultural Troupe. S*he went on to attend Command Day Secondary School, Oshodi, for her secondary education and studied Creative Arts at the University of Lagos.

## Career

Dada began her acting career, taking small parts in stage plays while at the university. Her first major stage performance was in the play *Moremi Ajasoro*, which was directed by Femi Oke. In 2013, she began her movie career with a role in the film *Oya* alongside veteran Nigerian actor Tunji Sotimirin, she then went on to feature in other notable films including the Kunle Afolayan directed *Omugwo* alongside Patience Ozokwor and Ayo Adesanya.

Dada has featured in several Television series, including the EbonylifeTv series *Married to the Game*, *Best Friends* and *Dere* an African Adaptation of Disney's "Cinderella ". She also features in the M-net Television series *Jemeji* and has had roles in *Tinsel*, *So Wrong so Wright*, *Needles Eyes* and *Bella’s Place* amongst others.

In 2017, Dada featured in the critically acclaimed stage production, *Isale Eko*, a stage play, which was adopted as part of the activities sanctioned by the government of Lagos state to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the creation of Lagos State.

In 2018, Dada was cast in the titular role of Sade, in Nigeria's first full-feature length Animation movie titled *SADE* which was set for release in 2019.

Dada featured in Tunde Kelani’s film, *Ayinla*, alongside Kunle Afolayan and Lateef Adedimeji.

In December 2017, she was nominated as the *Best Actress for the Year* in Nigeria by award-winning Nigerian filmmaker and critic, Charles Novia.

Dada is an Ambassador for Daivyan children Cancer Foundation that advocates for the awareness and support for children living with cancer. She is also an Ambassador for Brian Wotari Foundation that is focused on engaging and enriching lives of youths.

In 2021, Dada played the role of an investigative journalist, Halima Abdul in the Psalm Oderinde directed short film Rebirth, produced by Chris Odeh of Sozo Films for Homevida Masterclass, and written by Thecla Uzozie and Dawn Ntekim-Rex.

At the 8th edition of Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards in 2022, she won the Best Supporting actress category for the movie Country Hard.

## Filmography

### Selected feature films

### Short films

* *Not Right (2014) as Kunnbi*
* *Mirabel (2018) as Tonye Brasin*
* *Losing My Religion (2018) as Mother*
* *Fourth Side (2019)*
* *Rebirth (2022) as Halimah*

### Television series

* *Jemeji (2017) as Folake*
* *Tinsel*
* *So Wrong So Wright*
* *Needles Eyes*
* *Tales of Eve (2013) as Daniella*
* *Taste of Love*
* *Casino*
* *Game On (2020-2022) as Saze*
* *The Wages (2013) as Amaka*
* *Married To The Game- MTTG (2014-2015)*
* *Love, Lies & Alibi (2014)*
* *Alone (2018) as Eyal*
* *Shuga (2019) as Barbie*
* *The Origin: Madam Koi-Koi (2023) as Madam Koi-Koi*

### Animations

* *Sade* (TBA)

### Select stage plays

* *Isale Eko 2*
* *Oya*
* *For the Love of Country*
* *Nigeria the Beautiful*
* *Vision of St Bernadette*
* *Death and the Kings Horsemen*
* *Trials of Brother Jero*

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | CRMA | Best Actress | Nominated |  |
| | City People Movie Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated |  |
| | ELOY Awards | Best Actress on Big Screen and TV | Nominated |  |
| 2018 | Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress in a Lead role –English | Nominated |  |
| 2019 | Best of Nollywood Awards | | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Actress in a Lead role –Yoruba | | Nominated |
| | | Best Kiss in a Movie | | Nominated |
| 2020 | Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress in a Leading Role | Won |  |
| | | Best Kiss in a Movie | Nominated |  |
| 2022 | Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won |  |
| 2024 | Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards | Best Lead Actress | Nominated |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Omowunmi Dada | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1989-10-02) 2 October 1989<br>Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria |
| Alma mater | University of Lagos |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2013–present |


title: Omowunmi Akinnifesi

abstract: Omowunmi Akinnifesi is a Nigerian businesswoman, environmental ambassador and beauty pageant titleholder. She was the winner of the Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria 2005.

text:
# Omowunmi Akinnifesi

**Omowunmi Akinnifesi** (born December 4, 1987) is a Nigerian businesswoman, environmental ambassador and beauty pageant titleholder. She was the winner of the Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria 2005.

## Early life and education

The daughter of a former Central Bank of Nigeria director, Akinnifesi was born on the 4th of December, 1986 in Lagos but spent her early years in Sierra Leone before returning to her native Nigeria with her family. She attended Queen's College, Yaba, where she won several prizes for her art work. In 2008, Akinnifesi graduated from the University of Lagos with a degree in Geography and Regional Planning, In 2012, Akinnifesi obtained a master's degree in Environmental Monitoring, Modelling, and Management from King's College London.

## Career

In 2005, eighteen-year-old Akinnifesi was crowned Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria, making her eligible to represent her country at the Miss World 2005 in China that same year, where she engaged in tree planting for the Chinese government. Akinnifesi emerged first runner-up on the Nigerian version of *Strictly Come Dancing*, *Celebrity Takes 2* before she launched her own public relations and usher-hiring business *Elle Poise*. Aknnifesi has been hailed as a style icon in recent years, and was honoured at the 2011 Allure Style Awards. It was during this time that she revealed that she had experienced a six-year campaign of terror from a stalker.

In 2016, Akinnifesi launched her clothing line labelled, "Omowunmi".

## InfoBox

| Omowunmi Akinnifesi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Omowunmi Akinnifesi
Lagos, Nigeria |
| Occupation | Businesswoman |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria 2005 |
| Hair colour | Black |
| Eye colour | Brown |
| Major
competition(s) | Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria 2005
Miss World 2005 |
|  | |


title: Open Het Dorp

abstract: Open het Dorp was the first big fundraising TV show in the Netherlands. It aired on Dutch TV on 26 and 27 November 1962. Het Dorp is a special village or community for disabled people. To raise the required funds to build and open the community, a TV show was organized. The program was at that moment the first nationwide fundraising TV show, and it was done in the format of a telethon, lasting for 23 hours. Mies Bouwman entirely presented it. Most local corner-shops cooperated: viewers could donate by putting cash in a small box (matchbox) and bring it to the local shop: most shops opened their doors on the evening of 26 November; the show was aired on TV and radio simultaneously as large numbers of people did not own a TV at that time. The director of the TV show was Theo Orderman. During the show, over 400 artists and other VIPs appeared in the show. After 23 hours of fundraising, a total amount of 21 million guilders was collected, which was used to open Het Dorp near the city of Arnhem. In the archives only short fragments are available regarding this event.

text:
# Open Het Dorp

***Open het Dorp*** ("Open the Village") was the first big fundraising TV show in the Netherlands. It aired on Dutch TV on 26 and 27 November 1962.

*Het Dorp* is a special village or community for disabled people. To raise the required funds to build and open the community, a TV show was organized.

The program was at that moment the first nationwide fundraising TV show, and it was done in the format of a telethon, lasting for 23 hours. Mies Bouwman entirely presented it. Most local corner-shops cooperated: viewers could donate by putting cash in a small box (matchbox) and bring it to the local shop: most shops opened their doors on the evening of 26 November; the show was aired on TV and radio simultaneously as large numbers of people did not own a TV at that time.

The director of the TV show was Theo Orderman. During the show, over 400 artists and other VIPs appeared in the show.

After 23 hours of fundraising, a total amount of 21 million guilders was collected, which was used to open *Het Dorp* near the city of Arnhem.

In the archives only short fragments are available regarding this event.


title: Ontario Highway 622

abstract: Secondary Highway 622, commonly referred to as Highway 622, is a provincially maintained secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is a long connecting route between Highways 11 and Highway 17 in Northwestern Ontario. The road is connected to Highway 11 by the 3 km-long spur road Highway 11B in Atikokan. The road was built through the 1980s, with crews working from Highway 11 and Highway 17, meeting in the middle in 1988. It was opened to traffic in September 1989 and renumbered as Highway 622. During its construction, it was known as Bending Lake Road and was designated as Highway 807.

text:
# Ontario Highway 622

**Secondary Highway 622**, commonly referred to as **Highway 622**, is a provincially maintained secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is a long connecting route between Highways 11 and Highway 17 in Northwestern Ontario. The road is connected to Highway 11 by the 3 km-long spur road Highway 11B in Atikokan.

The road was built through the 1980s, with crews working from Highway 11 and Highway 17, meeting in the middle in 1988. It was opened to traffic in September 1989 and renumbered as Highway 622. During its construction, it was known as **Bending Lake Road** and was designated as **Highway 807**.

## Route description

Highway 622 is a long and desolate highway in northwestern Ontario that connects Highway 11 and Highway 17 via Highway 11B. Aside from Atikokan, at the southern end of the route, there are no communities, residences or establishments along the entire 129.1 km (80.2 mi) route. A handful of logging roads branch off the highway, but otherwise no through routes intersect it between its two termini. At its southern end, the route begins by branching off east from Highway 11B as it enters into Atikokan from the south. Highway 622 curves around the east side of the town for 1.5 km (0.93 mi) then proceeds generally northwest into the wilderness. Between there and its northern terminus at Highway 17 between Dryden and Ignace, the route passes through a lake dotted region covered by rock and forest; the boreal forest and the Canadian Shield.

According to the Ministry of Transportation (MTO), on an average day, approximately 600 vehicles travel Highway 622 within Atikokan, while approximately 100 travel the highway near its northern terminus. These represent the heaviest and least travelled sections of the route.

## History

Highway 622 was first created in 1958 as an access road from Atikokan to the newly opened Caland Ore mine. It was assumed by the Department of Highways, predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation, on January 30, 1958 at a length of approximately 8 km (5 mi). The gravel-surfaced highway was paved over the next two years, but otherwise remained the same until the late 1970s.

In 1979, construction began on the Bending Lake Road under the Northern Economic Development Program. Contracts were tendered for clearing the route from Highway 17 southerly and the existing Highway 622 northerly, as well as for the grading of 17.5 km (10.9 mi) of the route midway between the two. The southern end of this work was 43 km (27 mi) north of Highway 622. The latter job was completed by the following year. In 1980, work began on grading a new route from the end of an existing development road which branched off of Highway 622 north for 17 km (11 mi), which was completed during the summer of 1981. In 1982, contracts were awarded for grading a 13.1 km (8.1 mi) road north from 60.5 km (37.6 mi) north of Highway 622.

By 1984, the remaining 18 km (11 mi) between the southern and middle sections were graded, and structures completed over the Seine River and Little Turtle River. The Bending Lake Road had also been designated as Highway 807. Contracts were awarded that year for construction of a structure over the Turtle River and for a further 5.5 km (3.4 mi) of grading from 73.6 km (45.7 mi) north of Highway 622 northerly. By the summer of 1985, 77 km (48 mi) of the road was graded and all three major river crossings completed. Contracts were awarded to begin grading the route 9 km (5.6 mi) southerly from Highway 17, and for the installation of guide rails along the completed sections. The former of these two contracts was completed by the following summer, at which point another contract was tendered for grading another 10.6 km (6.6 mi) southward. This was followed in 1987 with a contract for an additional 11.3 km (7.0 mi) of the northern section. Finally, in 1988, three contracts were tendered to complete the highway: the first was to grade the remaining 11.7 km (7.3 mi) of the route; the remaining two were to pave the entire route. The Bending Lake Road was opened in 1989 and renumbered as Highway 622. The route has remained unchanged since then.

For several years in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the highway became used by trucking traffic as an alternative to Ontario Highway 71, after load restrictions were placed on the Sioux Narrows Bridge.

## Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 622. In addition, it includes some minor junctions that are noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.

| Division | Location | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rainy River | Atikokan | 0.0 | Highway 11B south (to  Highway 11) |  |
| | Unorganized Rainy River District | 4.0 | Hardydam Road / Rawn Reservoir Road |  |
| | 7.5 | Highway 7177 west (Font Hill Timber Road) |  |
| | 30.5 | Gravel Road (west)
Dashwa Lake Road (east) |  |
| Kenora | Unorganized Kenora District | 68.2 | Sedgewick Lake Road |  |
| | | 84.8 | Big Turtle River bridge | |
| | | 129.1 | Highway 17Dryden, Thunder Bay | Trans-Canada Highway |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 622 | |
| --- | --- |
| Bending Lake Road | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |
| Length | 129.1 km (80.2 mi) |
| History | Established January 30, 1958
Extended 1979–89 |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Highway 17 / TCH 35 km west of Ignace |
| South end | Highway 11B in Atikokan |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Counties | Rainy River, Kenora |
| Major cities | Atikokan, Ignace |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 621   Highway 623 | |


title: OpenMDAO

abstract: OpenMDAO is an open-source high-performance computing platform for systems analysis and multidisciplinary optimization written in the Python programming language. The OpenMDAO project is primarily focused on supporting gradient based optimization with analytic derivatives to allow you to explore large design spaces with hundreds or thousands of design variables, but the framework also has a number of parallel computing features that can work with gradient-free optimization, mixed-integer nonlinear programming, and traditional design space exploration. The OpenMDAO framework is designed to aid in linking together separate pieces of software for the purpose of combined analyses. It allows users to combine analysis tools from multiple disciplines, at multiple levels of fidelity, and to manage the interaction between them. OpenMDAO is specifically designed to manage the dataflow and the workflow in conjunction with optimization algorithms and other advanced solution techniques. The development of OpenMDAO is led out of the NASA Glenn Research Center.

text:
# OpenMDAO

**OpenMDAO** is an open-source high-performance computing platform for systems analysis and multidisciplinary optimization written in the Python programming language.

The OpenMDAO project is primarily focused on supporting gradient based optimization with analytic derivatives to allow you to explore large design spaces with hundreds or thousands of design variables, but the framework also has a number of parallel computing features that can work with gradient-free optimization, mixed-integer nonlinear programming, and traditional design space exploration.

The OpenMDAO framework is designed to aid in linking together separate pieces of software for the purpose of combined analyses. It allows users to combine analysis tools (or design codes) from multiple disciplines, at multiple levels of fidelity, and to manage the interaction between them. OpenMDAO is specifically designed to manage the dataflow (the actual data) and the workflow (what code is run when) in conjunction with optimization algorithms and other advanced solution techniques.

The development of OpenMDAO is led out of the NASA Glenn Research Center.

## Features

* Library of built-in solvers and optimizers
* Tools for metamodeling
* Data recording capabilities
* Support for analytic derivatives
* Support for high-performance computer clusters and distributed computing
* Extensible plugin library

## Applications

NASA’s motivation in supporting the OpenMDAO project stems from the demands of unconventional aircraft concepts like Turbo-Electric distributed propulsion. Although NASA’s focus is on analyzing aerospace applications, the framework itself is general and is not specific to any discipline.

## Framework structure

OpenMDAO is designed to separate the flow of information (dataflow) from the process in which analyses are executed (workflow). It does that by using four specific constructs: Component, Assembly, Driver, and Workflow.

The construction of system models begins with wrapping (or writing from scratch) various analysis codes as Components. A group of components is linked together inside an Assembly, specifying the dataflow between them. Once the dataflow is in place, one can select specific Drivers (optimizers, solvers, design of experiments, etc.) and set up a Workflow to determine exactly how the problem should be solved.

OpenMDAO also includes a web-browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) for visual construction, execution, and optimization of models.

## InfoBox

OpenMDAO
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | NASA Glenn Research Center |
|  | |
| Stable release | 3.8.0 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | Technical computing |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
| Website | openmdao.org |


title: Sura Wiqu

abstract: Sura Wiqu is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It lies in the Puno Region, El Collao Province, Capazo District. Sura Wiqu is situated north-west of the mountain Wanq'uri and north-east of the mountain Tuma Tumani. Sura Wiqu (Suraveco) is also the name of a neighboring lower mountain to the north-west, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high, at 17°4′57″S 69°48′46″W.

text:
# Sura Wiqu

**Sura Wiqu** (Aymara *sura* dry *jiquima*, a species of Pachyrhizus, *wiqu* a corner in a house, a mountain cove, "*jiquima* cove", Hispanicized spelling *Soravico*) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It lies in the Puno Region, El Collao Province, Capazo District. Sura Wiqu is situated north-west of the mountain Wanq'uri and north-east of the mountain Tuma Tumani.

Sura Wiqu *(Suraveco)* is also the name of a neighboring lower mountain to the north-west, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high, at 17°4′57″S 69°48′46″W / 17.08250°S 69.81278°W / -17.08250; -69.81278.

## InfoBox

| Sura Wiqu | |
| --- | --- |
| Sura WiquPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,000 m (16,000 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°6′39″S 69°46′50″W / 17.11083°S 69.78056°W / -17.11083; -69.78056 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Puno Region, El Collao Province |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Øyvind Leonhardsen

abstract: Øyvind Leonhardsen is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He retired after the 2007 season, ending a career with nine years in English football at clubs Wimbledon, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur, and Aston Villa, and in Norway he played for Molde, Rosenborg, Lyn, and Strømsgodset. Between 1990 and 2003 he made 86 appearances for the Norway national team scoring 19 goals.

text:
# Øyvind Leonhardsen

**Øyvind Leonhardsen** (born 17 August 1970) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He retired after the 2007 season, ending a career with nine years in English football at clubs Wimbledon, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur, and Aston Villa, and in Norway he played for Molde, Rosenborg, Lyn, and Strømsgodset. Between 1990 and 2003 he made 86 appearances for the Norway national team scoring 19 goals.

## Club career

### In Norway

Leonhardsen started his career in Clausenengen before he, as a 19-year-old, moved to Premier Division side Molde in 1989. Two years later he was brought to Norwegian champions Rosenborg.

Leonhardsen won the honorable Kniksen award as the best midfielder in 1989, 1991, 1992 and 1993. He was voted the Player's Player of the Year in Norway in 1994.

### In England

Leonhardsen moved to Wimbledon in the Premier League the following season, where he made an instant impact on the left wing. He spent three seasons with Wimbledon, and helped them reach the semi-finals of both the FA Cup and Football League Cup in his final season there. He was sold to Liverpool for £3.5million in May 1997, and was initially a regular member of the first team under the management of Roy Evans.

After Gerard Houllier's continental revolution of Liverpool from 1999, Leonhardsen fell out of favour at Anfield and was sold to Tottenham Hotspur, before joining Aston Villa on a free transfer in August 2002.

### Return to Norway

Leonhardsen moved back to Norway in 2004 to join FC Lyn Oslo, where he became the captain. He signed a two-year contract with second-level club Strømsgodset IF from Drammen in December 2005.

Leonhardsen retired aged 37 after helping securing Strømsgodset's promotion to Tippeligaen in 2006, and later retaining their place in the league in 2007.

Leonhardsen began working as a youth coach at his former club Lyn. In 2018 he became assistant coach of Mjøndalen IF.

## International career

Leonhardsen made 86 appearances for the Norway national team, scoring 19 goals. He was part of the 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cup squads.

In Norway, the expression "a Leo run" is derived from Leonhardsen's running capacity and smart movements. He seemed to have an uncanny instinct for anticipating when and where a loose ball would present him with a scoring chance, directing and timing his runs to make sure he'd be there to exploit it - hence his impressive scoring rate for a midfielder. He is reckoned as somewhat of a cult hero and a symbol of the Norway national team success in the 1990s. He earned great respect during his career due to his highly professional approach to the game.

## InfoBox

Øyvind Leonhardsen
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Øyvind Leonhardsen | | |
| Date of birth | (1970-08-17) 17 August 1970 | | |
| Place of birth | Kristiansund, Norway | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1987–1989 | Clausenengen FK | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1989–1991 | Molde | 64 | (9) |
| 1992–1994 | Rosenborg | 63 | (20) |
| 1994–1997 | Wimbledon | 78 | (13) |
| 1997–1999 | Liverpool | 37 | (7) |
| 1999–2002 | Tottenham Hotspur | 54 | (7) |
| 2002–2003 | Aston Villa | 19 | (3) |
| 2004–2005 | Lyn | 46 | (2) |
| 2006–2007 | Strømsgodset | 41 | (7) |
| Total |  | **402** | **(68)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1990–2003 | Norway | 86 | (19) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2009–2011 | Lyn (youth) | | |
| 2012–2017 | Stabæk (youth) | | |
| 2018– | Mjøndalen (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Černíč

abstract: Černíč is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Černíč lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Jihlava and 131 km (81 mi) south-east of Prague.

text:
# Černíč

**Černíč** (Czech pronunciation: \[ˈtʃɛrɲiːtʃ\]) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Černíč lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Jihlava and 131 km (81 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Myslůvka and Slaviboř are administrative parts of Černíč.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 304 |  |
| 1880 | 306 | +0.7% |
| 1890 | 307 | +0.3% |
| 1900 | 263 | −14.3% |
| 1910 | 248 | −5.7% |
| 1921 | 252 | +1.6% |
| 1930 | 248 | −1.6% |
| 1950 | 195 | −21.4% |
| 1961 | 195 | +0.0% |
| 1970 | 185 | −5.1% |
| 1980 | 185 | +0.0% |
| 1991 | 158 | −14.6% |
| 2001 | 150 | −5.1% |
| 2011 | 134 | −10.7% |
| 2021 | 111 | −17.2% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Černíč | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View over the Černíčský Pond | |
|  | |
| ČerníčLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°7′41″N 15°27′34″E / 49.12806°N 15.45944°E / 49.12806; 15.45944 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Vysočina |
| District | Jihlava |
| First mentioned | 1350 |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.63 km2 (2.95 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 485 m (1,591 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 125 |
| Density | 16/km2 (42/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 588 56 |
| Website | www.cernic.cz |


title: Supremi apostolatus officio

abstract: Supremi apostolatus officio, commonly referred to as "On Devotion of the Rosary", is the first of a number of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII on the Rosary. It was issued on 1 September 1883, encouraging the practice. Leo XIII echoed the words of the oldest known Marian prayer, when he wrote, "It has always been the habit of Catholics in danger and in troublous times to fly for refuge to Mary." He then gives a brief history of the rosary. The saint who instituted the Rosary was St. Dominic who was fighting the heresy of the Albigensians: "Our merciful God, as you know, raised up against these most direful enemies a most holy man, the illustrious parent and founder of the Dominican Order... he proceeded undauntedly to attack the enemies of the Catholic Church, not by force of arms; but trusting wholly to that devotion which he was the first to institute under the name of the Holy Rosary" The Albigensians were a "neo-Manichaean sect that flourished in southern France in the 12th and 13th centuries [...] The Albigenses asserted the coexistence of two mutually opposed principles one good, and one evil. The former is the creator of the spiritual, the latter of the material world." Leo also claimed that the praying of the Rosary had resulted in Catholic victories over enemies in battles: "[I]n the sixteenth century, when the vast forces of the Turks threatened to impose on nearly the whole of Europe the yoke of superstition and barbarism [...] the Christian fleet gained a magnificent victory, with no great loss to itself, in which the enemy were routed with great slaughter. [...] Similarly, important successes were in the last century gained over the Turks at Temeswar, in Pannonia, and at Corfu; and in both cases these engagements coincided with feasts of the Blessed Virgin and with the conclusion of public devotions of the Rosary. And this led our predecessor, Clement XI, in his gratitude, to decree that the Blessed Mother of God should every year be especially honoured in her Rosary by the whole Church." Leo saw the Rosary as "an effective spiritual weapon against the evils afflicting society". "Not only do We earnestly exhort all Christians to give themselves to the recital of the pious devotion of the Rosary publicly, or privately in their own house and family, and that unceasingly, but we also desire that the whole of the month of October in this year should be consecrated to the Holy Queen of the Rosary." In furtherance of this, he recommended that from October 1 to November 2, in every parish, and where practicable in every chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin: "let five decades of the Rosary be recited with the addition of the Litany of Loreto. We desire that the people should frequent these pious exercises; and We will that either Mass shall be said at the altar, or that the Blessed Sacrament shall be exposed to the adoration of the faithful, Benediction being afterwards given."

text:
# Supremi apostolatus officio

***Supremi apostolatus officio*** (lit.'The Supreme Apostolic Office'), commonly referred to as "On Devotion of the Rosary", is the first of a number of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII on the Rosary. It was issued on 1 September 1883, encouraging the practice.

Leo XIII echoed the words of the oldest known Marian prayer (known in the Latin tradition as the "Sub Tuum Praesidium"), when he wrote, "It has always been the habit of Catholics in danger and in troublous times to fly for refuge to Mary." He then gives a brief history of the rosary.

The saint who instituted the Rosary was St. Dominic who was fighting the heresy of the Albigensians:

"Our merciful God, as you know, raised up against these most direful enemies a most holy man, the illustrious parent and founder of the Dominican Order... he proceeded undauntedly to attack the enemies of the Catholic Church, not by force of arms; but trusting wholly to that devotion which he was the first to institute under the name of the Holy Rosary"

The Albigensians were a "neo-Manichaean sect that flourished in southern France in the 12th and 13th centuries \[...\] The Albigenses asserted the coexistence of two mutually opposed principles one good, and one evil. The former is the creator of the spiritual, the latter of the material world."

Leo also claimed that the praying of the Rosary had resulted in Catholic victories over enemies in battles:

"\[I\]n the sixteenth century, when the vast forces of the Turks threatened to impose on nearly the whole of Europe the yoke of superstition and barbarism \[...\] the Christian fleet gained a magnificent victory, with no great loss to itself, in which the enemy were routed with great slaughter.

\[...\] Similarly, important successes were in the last century gained over the Turks at Temeswar, in Pannonia, and at Corfu; and in both cases these engagements coincided with feasts of the Blessed Virgin and with the conclusion of public devotions of the Rosary. And this led our predecessor, Clement XI, in his gratitude, to decree that the Blessed Mother of God should every year be especially honoured in her Rosary by the whole Church."

Leo saw the Rosary as "an effective spiritual weapon against the evils afflicting society". "Not only do We earnestly exhort all Christians to give themselves to the recital of the pious devotion of the Rosary publicly, or privately in their own house and family, and that unceasingly, but we also desire that the whole of the month of October in this year should be consecrated to the Holy Queen of the Rosary."

In furtherance of this, he recommended that from October 1 to November 2, in every parish, and where practicable in every chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin: "let five decades of the Rosary be recited with the addition of the Litany of Loreto. We desire that the people should frequent these pious exercises; and We will that either Mass shall be said at the altar, or that the Blessed Sacrament shall be exposed to the adoration of the faithful, Benediction being afterwards given."

1. Pope Leo XIII. *Supremi apostolatus officio*, Vatican, September 1, 1883
2. ""St. John the Apostle Students Form a Living Rosary", Archdiocese of Newark Catholic Schools". Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
3. "Supremi Apostolatus, para. 3".
4. "Albigenses".
5. "Supremi Apostolatus, para. 4".
6. Pope John Paul II, *On the Most Holy Rosary*, USCCB Publishing, 2002, p. 1 ISBN 9781574555387
7. Pope Leo XIII, *Supremi apostolatus officio*, §8

## InfoBox

| *Supremi apostolatus officio*
Latin for 'The Supreme Apostolic Office'
Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Signature date | 1 September 1883 |
| Subject | On Devotion of the Rosary |
| Number | 12 of 85 of the pontificate |
| Text |  |
|


title: Operation McLain

abstract: Operation McLain was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. Army’s 3rd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 44th Regiment, 23rd Division in Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam from 20 January 1968 to 31 January 1969.

text:
# Operation McLain

**Operation McLain** (also known as **Operation Dan Thang**) was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. Army’s 3rd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 44th Regiment, 23rd Division in Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam from 20 January 1968 to 31 January 1969.

## Background

The operation was a continuation of Operation Byrd. Rural security had declined significantly after the Tet Offensive, as much from the South Vietnamese government’s withdrawal to the towns and subsequent passivity as from enemy action. Modest gains began to accrue in April when, goaded by MACV and I Field Force, Vietnam headquarters, the South Vietnamese finally began to go onto the offensive. The men of the 3rd Battalion assisted in the rejuvenation by conducting low-level combined operations with government forces and by training a Regional Forces (RF) intelligence squad as a long-range reconnaissance patrol. Still, the allied forces rarely caught sight of the enemy, as the commander of Military Region 6, General Chau, reverted to his traditional strategy of attacking lines of communications and isolated outposts, and withdrew his main units, the Vietcong (VC) 840th Main Force Battalion and 482nd Local Force Battalion, into the interior hills to rest until orders came for a second general offensive.

## Operation

On 20 April at 17:45 a company from the Battalion found mass graves containing 19 VC dead 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Phan Thiết. Cumulative operational results to the end of April were 556 PAVN/VC killed and 87 individual and 12 crew-served weapons captured. U.S. losses were 25 killed.

On 31 May RF units and armor and infantry from the Battalion engaged an entrenched 30-35 man VC force 3 miles (4.8 km) north-northeast of Phan Thiết killing 17. The VC were identified as being from the 482nd Local Force Battalion.

On 8 June, I Field Force commander Major General William R. Peers ordered the commander of Task Force South, Lieutenant colonel John R. D. Cleland, to suspend the operation so that the 3/506th Infantry, the 192nd Assault Helicopter Company and a pair of 105mm howitzer batteries could move to Da Lat to search for the VC 186th Battalion in Operation Banjo Royce.

On 1 July, Operation McLain resumed with the 3/506th Infantry operating from Landing Zone Betty near Phan Thiết. ARVN General Lữ Mộng Lan also took steps to improve the situation, replacing the inept commander of the 44th Regiment with a proven leader, Lt. Col. Nguyen Ba Thinh. Lan gave Colonel Thinh three new battalion commanders. On 17 July the 2nd Battalion discovered the 840th Main Force Battalion and the 450th Local Force Company in fortifications ten kilometers northeast of Phan Thiết. Thinh committed his remaining maneuver unit, the 3rd Battalion, 44th Infantry, while Cleland sent in several companies from the 3/506th Infantry, and helicopter gunships from Troop B, 1st Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment. Backed by the strong U.S. force, Thinh’s men drove the VC from their bunkers in a two-day battle. According to a prisoner, 68 VC died. Allied losses totalled 15 ARVN and two U.S.

On 23 July a unit of the 1st Brigade found 15 VC graves 7 miles (11 km) west-southwest of Phan Thiết. Cumulative operational results to the end of July were 648 VC killed and 157 individual and 27 crew-served weapons captured. U.S. losses were 34 killed.

On 21 August an ARVN force and a Battalion unit repulsed an attack on Di Linh killing 43 VC and capturing 12 individual and three crew-served weapons; U.S. losses were three killed. Cumulative operational results to the end of August were 774 VC killed and 201 individual and 28 crew-served weapons captured. U.S. losses were 46 killed.

On 22 October at 03:00 a Brigade unit supported by tanks engaged a VC force near their night defensive position 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Phan Thiết. The unit was supported by fire from helicopter gunships and an AC-47 *Spooky* gunship. The VC withdrew at 04:10 leaving 11 dead and six individual and two crew-served weapons; U.S. losses were one killed. Cumulative operational results to the end of October were 851 VC killed and 231 individual and 30 crew-served weapons captured. U.S. losses were 54 killed.

## Aftermath

The operation concluded on 31 January 1969. VC losses were 1,042 killed and 333 individual and 40 crew-served weapons captured. U.S. losses were 69 killed.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.

## InfoBox

| Operation McLain | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Vietnam War | |
| Date 20 January 1968 – 31 January 1969  Location Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam  Result  Allied operational success | |
| Belligerents | |
| United States
South Vietnam | Viet Cong |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| John R. D. Cleland
Nguyen Ba Thinh |
 |
| Units involved | |
| 3rd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment
44th Regiment | 482nd Local Force Battalion
840th Main Force Battalion |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 69 killed | US body count 1,042 killed
333 individual and 40 crew-served weapons recovered |


title: Operation Relex

abstract: Operation Relex is the name given to the Australian Defence Force (ADF) border protection operation in the country's northern approaches conducted between 2001 and 2006. The operation was instigated following the Tampa affair in September 2001 and the Australian government's resultant Pacific Solution. The focus of Operation Relex was illegal immigration, with assets from all three services of the ADF deployed to prevent the arrival of Suspected Illegal Entry Vessels (SIEVs) in the Australian migration zone. The primary period of activity of Operation Relex was between October and December 2001 when ten SIEVs were intercepted by HMA Ships Warramunga, Arunta, and Leeuwin, assisted by several Fremantle-class patrol boats. Operation Relex was folded into the broader border protection activity named Operation Resolute which commenced in July 2006. In 2013, the Abbott government implemented Operation Sovereign Borders.

text:
# Operation Relex

**Operation Relex** is the name given to the Australian Defence Force (ADF) border protection operation in the country's northern approaches conducted between 2001 and 2006. The operation was instigated following the Tampa affair in September 2001 and the Australian government's resultant Pacific Solution. The focus of Operation Relex was illegal immigration, with assets from all three services of the ADF deployed to prevent the arrival of Suspected Illegal Entry Vessels (SIEVs) in the Australian migration zone.

The primary period of activity of Operation Relex was between October and December 2001 when ten SIEVs were intercepted by HMA Ships *Warramunga*, *Arunta*, and *Leeuwin*, assisted by several Fremantle-class patrol boats.

Operation Relex was folded into the broader border protection activity named Operation Resolute which commenced in July 2006. In 2013, the Abbott government implemented Operation Sovereign Borders.

## Operational Service Medal – Border Protection

The Australian Government issued a medal for service on Border Protection on 22 May 2012.

To qualify, ADF members must have been deployed or force assigned for duty as a member of a declared operation:

* for a period of not less than an aggregate of 30 days; or
* completed 30 sorties from a unit assigned to a declared operation, provided that those sorties were conducted over a period of not less than an aggregate of 30 days at a rate of one sortie per day.

## Op Relex

3 September to 13 March 2002

| Rotation | Date from | Date to | Ship(s) | Unit/Sub Unit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TSE 1 | OCT MID | DEC MID | TEMPA/HMAS MANOORA | 5/7 RAR |
| TSE 1 | MID NOVEMBER | EARLY DEC | HMAS ARUNTA | 5/7 RAR |
| TSE 3 | 1 Sep | 1 Dec | HMAS Lewin | 1st Armoured Regiment (Tank) and 5/7RAR |
| TSE 4 | 1 Sep | 1 Nov | HMAS Tobruk | 1st Armoured Regiment (Tank) |
| TSE 5 | 1 Nov | 20 Jan 2 | HMA Ships Arunta and Warramunga | 101 MDM BTY, 8/12 Medium Regiment |
| TSE 6 | 1 Jan 2 | 18 Feb 2 | HMAS Melville | 103 MDM BTY, 8/12 MDM REGT |
| TSE 7 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 8 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 9 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 10 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 11 |  |  | HMAS ANZAC | 1st Armoured Regiment |
| TSE 12 | 27 March 2002 | 2 May 2002 | HMAS Leeuwin & HMAS Melville | 1 CSSB + 5/7 RAR Detachment |
|

## Op Relex II

14 March 2002 to 16 July 2006

| Rotation | Date from | Date to | Ship(s) | Unit/Sub Unit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TSE 13 |  |  | HMAS Darwin | HQ BTY, 8/12 Medium Regiment |
| TSE 14 | 15 Apr 2 | 1 Jul 02 | HMAS Adelaide | 101 MDM BTY, 8/12 Medium Regiment |
| TSE 15 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 16 |  |  | HMAS Melville & HMAS Leeuwin | 1st Combat Engineer Regiment |
| TSE 17 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 18 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 19 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 20 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 21 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 22 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 23 | 26 Oct 02 | 2 Feb 03 | HMAS Leeuwin, Warramunga & Tobruk | 1st Armoured/ 2 Cav Regiment |
| TSE 24 | 16 Sep 2 | 1 Jan 3 | HMAS Melville | 1 BDE |
| TSE 25 | 2 Jul | 2 Sep | HMAS Tobruk, Adelaide & Warramunga | 2CER, 1 Fd Regt, 2/14 LHR |
| TSE 26 | 2 Dec | 3 Mar | HMAS Warramunga | 1 JSU, 16 ADR, 4th MP Company |
| TSE 27 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 28 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 29 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 30 |  |  |  |  |
| TSE 31 |  |  |  | 4 Field Regiment |
| TSE 32 | Feb 2004 | May 2004 | HMAS Anzac, HMAS Warramunga, HMAS Adelaide | 1st Field Regiment (now 1st Regiment) |
| TSE 35 | Oct 2004 | 4 Feb | HMAS Ballarat, Parramatta | 2 DIV units/ 8 BDE |
|

## HMA Ships Involved in Op Relex

**Major Fleet Units**

|  | Relex | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unit | Entered Operation | Exited Operation |
| HMAS Adelaide | 19 Sep 1 | 12 Oct 1 |
| HMAS Anzac | 19 Jan 2 | 7 Apr 2 |
| HMAS Arunta | 2 Sep 1 | 20 Sep 1 |
|  | 10 Oct 1 | 19 Dec 1 |
| HMAS Newcastle | 30 Aug 1 | 28 Sep 1 |
| HMAS Warramunga | 30 Aug 1 | 23 Sep 1 |
|  | 27 Sep 1 | 14 Nov 1 |
|  | 19 Dec 1 | 20 Jan 2 |
| HMAS Manoora | 2 Sep 1 | 6 Oct 1 |
| HMAS Tobruk | 10 Sep 1 | 14 Dec 1 |
| HMAS Westralia | 30 Aug 1 | 24 Sep 1 |
|  | 27 Sep 1 | 29 Sep 1 |
|  | 11 Oct 1 | 17 Oct 1 |
|  | 30 Oct 1 | 3 Nov 1 |
|  | 15 Nov 1 | 26 Nov 1 |
|  | 18 Jan 2 | 20 Jan 2 |
| HMAS Leeuwin | 14 Nov 1 | 2 Jan 2 |
|  | 16 Feb 2 | 14 Apr 2 |
| HMAS Melville | 30 Dec 1 | 18 Feb 2 |

**Patrol Boats**

|  | Relex | | Cranberry | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unit | Entered Operation | Exited Operation | Entered Operation | Exited Operation |
| HMAS Bendigo | 30 Sep 1 | 2 Oct 1 | 21 Sep 1 | 3- 1 Sep |
|  | 16 Oct | 18 Oct 1 | 2 Oct 1 | 16 Oct 1 |
|  | 23 Oct 1 | 1 Nov 1 | 18 Oct 01 | 23 Oct 1 |
|  | 1 Feb 02 | 1 Nov 01 | 18 Oct 01 | 19 Nov 1 |
|  | 9 Feb 02 | 12 Feb 2 | 11 Jan 02 | 21 Jan 2 |
|  | 15 Feb 2 | 21 Feb 2 | 25 Jan 02 | 1 Feb 2 |
|  | 25 Feb 02 | 27 Feb 02 | 3 Feb 02 | 6 Feb 2 |
|  | 2 Mar 02 | 4 Mar 02 | 9 Feb 02 | 9 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 12 Feb 2 | 15 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 27 Feb 02 | 15 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 4 Mar 02 | 8 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 1 Apr 02 | 9 Apr 2 |
| HMAS Bunbury | 30 Sep 1 | 1 Oct 01 | 25 Sep 01 | 30 Sep 1 |
|  | 20 Oct 01 | 26 Oct 01 | 1 Oct 01 | 20 Oct 1 |
|  | 30 Oct 01 | 3 Nov 01 | 26 Oct 01 | 30 Oct 1 |
|  | 9 Nov 01 | 15 Nov 01 | 3 Nov 01 | 9 Nov 1 |
|  | 11 Feb 02 | 17 Feb 02 | 15 Nov 01 | 19 Nov 1 |
|  | 20 Feb 02 | 25 Feb 02 | 2 Feb 02 | 11 Feb 2 |
|  | 27 Feb 02 | 28 Feb 02 | 17 Feb 02 | 27 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 28 Feb 02 | 6 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 8 Mar 02 | 11 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 15 Mar 02 | 18 Mar 2 |
| HMAS Cessnock | 5 Nov 1 | 7 Nov 01 | 10 Aug 01 | 23 Aug 1 |
|  | 12 Nov 01 | 16 Nov 01 | 14 Sep 01 | 24 Sep 1 |
|  | 1 Dec 01 | 4 Dec 01 | 2 Nov 01 | 5 Nov 1 |
|  | 8 Dec 01 | 13 Dec 01 | 7 Nov 01 | 12 Nov 1 |
|  | 18 Dec 01 | 21 Dec 01 | 16 Nov 01 | 1 Dec 1 |
|  | 4 Mar 02 | 6 Mar | 4 Dec 1 | 8 Dec 1 |
|  | 7 Mar 02 | 8 Mar 02 | 13 Dec 01 | 16 Dec 1 |
|  | 1 Mar 02 | 6 Mar 02 | 21 Dec 01 | 7 Jan 2 |
|  | 9 Mar 02 | 12 Mar 02 | 18 Feb 02 | 25 Feb 2 |
|  | 14 Mar 02 | 14 Mar 02 | 6 Mar 02 | 8 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 9 Mar 02 | 23 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 27 Mar 02 | 29 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 6 Apr 02 | 8 Apr 2 |
| HMAS Dubbo | 15 Sep 01 | 17 Sep 01 | 7 Sep 01 | 15 Sep 1 |
|  | 13 Oct 01 | 16 Oct 01 | 17 Sep 01 | 13 Oct 1 |
|  | 2 Nov 01 | 8 Nov 01 | 16 Oct 01 | 2 Nov 1 |
|  | 8 Nov 01 | 10 Nov 01 | 8 Nov 01 | 8 Nov 1 |
|  |  |  | 10 Nov 01 | 12 Nov 1 |
|  |  |  | 23 Mar 02 | 25 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 28 Mar 02 | 1 Apr 2 |
|  |  |  | 6 Apr 02 | 10 Apr 2 |
|  |  |  | 11 Apr 02 | 10 Apr 2 |
|  |  |  | 16 Apr 02 | 17 Apr 2 |
| HMAS Ipswich | 22 Dec 01 | 28 Dec 01 | 17 Aug 01 | 20 Aug 1 |
|  | 2 Jan 02 | 5 Jan 02 | 11 Oct 01 | 15 Oct 1 |
|  | 11 Jan 02 | 15 Jan 02 | 7 Dec 01 | 22 Dec 1 |
|  | 23 Jan 02 | 26 Jan 02 | 28 Dec 01 | 2 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 5 Jan 02 | 12 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 15 Jan 02 | 23 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 15 Jan 02 | 23 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 26 Jan 02 | 4 Feb 2 |
| HMAS Launceston | 6 Nov 01 | 11 Nov 01 | 16 Aug 01 | 17 Sep 1 |
|  | 12 Dec 01 | 16 Dec 01 | 3 Nov 01 | 6 Nov 1 |
|  | 17 Dec 01 | 18 Dec 1 | 11 Nov 1 | 17 Nov 1 |
|  | 19 Feb 01 | 23 Feb 2 | 19 Nov 1 | 23 Nov 1 |
|  | 27 Feb 02 | 2 Mar 02 | 15 Feb 02 | 19 Feb 2 |
|  | 7 Mar 02 | 10 Mar 02 | 23 Feb 02 | 27 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 2 Mar 02 | 7 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 10 Mar 02 | 16 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 24 Mar 2 | 25 Mar 2 |
| HMAS Townsville | 12 Oct 01 | 18 Oct 01 | 29 Jul 01 | 3 Aug 1 |
|  | 23 Oct 01 | 28 Oct 01 | 21 Sep 01 | 12 Oct 1 |
|  | 21 Jan 02 | 26 Jan 02 | 18 Oct 02 | 23 Oct 2 |
|  | 30 Jan 02 | 4 Feb 02 | 26 Jan 02 | 30 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 4 Jan 02 | 21 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 26 Jan 02 | 30 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 4 Feb 02 | 9 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 12 Feb 02 | 23 Feb 2 |
| HMAS Townsville | 24 Nov 1 | 28 Nov 1 | 8 Nov 1 | 24 Nov 1 |
|  | 4 Dec 1 | 6 Dec 1 | 28 Nov 1 | 4 Dec 1 |
|  | 15 Feb 2 | 21 Feb 2 | 6 Dec 1 | 10 Dec 1 |
|  | 25 Feb 2 | 28 Feb 2 | 14 Feb 2 | 15 Feb 2 |
|  | 11 Mar 2 | (16 Mar 2) | 21 Feb 2 | 25 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 28 Feb 2 | 4 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 8 Mar 2 | 1 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 16 Mar 2 | 18 Mar 2 |
|  |  |  | 30 Mar 2 | 5 Apr 1 |
|  |  |  | 11 Apr 2 | 15 Apr 2 |
| HMAS Whyalla | 9 Oct 1 | 14 Oct 1 | 14 Sep 1 | 18 Sep 1 |
|  | 18 Oct 1 | 24 Oct 1 | 21 Sep 1 | 7 Oct 1 |
|  | 26 Dec 1 | 30 Dec 1 | 14 Oct 1 | 18 Oct 1 |
|  | 4 Jan 2 | 9 Jan 2 | 24 Oct 1 | 12 Nov 1 |
|  | 13 Jan 2 | 18 Jan 2 | 30 Dec 1 | 4 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 5 Jan 2 | 13 Jan 2 |
|  |  |  | 18 Jan 2 | 4 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 29 Mar 2 | 10 Apr 2 |
|  |  |  | 11 Apr 2 | 16 Apr 2 |
|  |  |  | 16 Apr 2 | 16 Apr 2 |
|  |  |  | 17 Apr 2 | NDA |
| HMAS Wollongong | 27 Oct 01 | 3 Nov 01 | 27 Oct 01 | 27 Oct 1 |
|  | 6 Nov 01 | 13 Nov 01 | 3 Oct 01 | 6 Nov 1 |
|  | 28 Nov 01 | 1 Dec 01 | 13 Dec 1 | 28 Nov 1 |
|  | 28 Jan 02 | 30 Jan 02 | 1 Dec 1 | 9 Dec 1 |
|  | 3 Feb 02 | 7 Feb 2 | 14 Dec 1 | 17 Dec 1 |
|  | 13 Feb 02 | 16 Feb 02 | 30 Dec 01 | 9 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 30 Jan 02 | 3 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 7 Feb 2 | 13 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 16 Feb 2 | 18 Feb 2 |
|  |  |  | 13 Apr 2 | 15 Apr 2 |
|


title: ÜberFacts

abstract: ÜberFacts is an online web service/app that provides people with random facts. There is currently a Twitter version, a mobile app version, Instagram version, and a Facebook version. The service was developed by Kris Sanchez. Sanchez receives the facts through research from books, science articles, the news, and more. He stated that he always confirms the accuracy of the facts prior to releasing them. Mistakes are eventually deleted or updated with corrections.

text:
# ÜberFacts

**ÜberFacts** is an online web service/app that provides people with random facts. There is currently a Twitter version, a mobile app version, Instagram version, and a Facebook version. The service was developed by Kris Sanchez. Sanchez receives the facts through research from books, science articles, the news, and more. He stated that he always confirms the accuracy of the facts prior to releasing them. Mistakes are eventually deleted or updated with corrections.

## History

ÜberFacts creator Kris Sanchez reported searching for interesting facts during a boring day in September 2009. This prompted Kris to create a Twitter account with a "purpose" and created the ÜberFacts Twitter account.

### Twitter hacked

On May 21, 2014, the UberFacts Twitter account was hacked, the hacker sent vulgar messages out. Sanchez noticed this and tweeted on his personal account that the hacker will have to pay him for every tweet the hacker owes him. On the next day, Sanchez recovered UberFacts, and announced that his account was hacked and felt sorry if anyone got offended by the vulgar messages the hacker sent out.

## Reception

A March 2014 BuzzFeed article panned UberFacts for its occasionally incorrect facts, justifying why they are occasionally inaccurate. BuzzFeed then sent an email to Sanchez inquiring if the facts provided are incorrect, he responded saying that the accuracy of his facts are reviewed prior to releasing them and he does not cite sources because not everyone would want to see a link at the end of a tweet.

Sanchez stated that he earns approximately US$500,000 per year through Uberfacts, and expects that number to increase in the future due to the release of a dedicated app.

## InfoBox

ÜberFacts
| Type of site | Online database for facts |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English |
| Owner | Kris & Renee Sanchez |
| Created by | Kris Sanchez |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Launched | 2009 (2009) |
| Current status | Active |


title: Übach-Palenberg

abstract: Übach-Palenberg is a town in the Heinsberg district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was formed by the merger of two villages, Palenberg and Übach.

text:
# Übach-Palenberg

**Übach-Palenberg** (Ripuarian: *Übach-Pallebersch*) is a town in the Heinsberg district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was formed by the merger of two villages, Palenberg and Übach.

## Geography

The town is located at the border with the Netherlands, at approx. 10 km east of Heerlen and 15 km north of Aachen. The river Wurm flows through the area. The town has an area of 26.106 km2. More than half the area is agricultural.

## History

* 867 the village Palenberg was first mentioned in a written document, 1172 the village Übach. 1794 three *Bürgermeistereien* were created - Übach, Scherpenseel, Frelenberg - which were merged into one municipality in 1935. It received town rights in 1967.
* 1917 coal mining was started in the town, until in 1962 the Carolus Magnus coal-mine was closed.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Übach-Palenberg is twinned with:

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the town is subdivided into three fields. In the top blue field are two crossed golden scepters with lily heads, with a black letter T on top. Both symbols refer to the *Grundherrschaft* Thorn. In the left golden field is a black lion, the symbol of Jülich, as both Frelenberg and Palenberg belonged to the county Jülich. To the right is a silver lion on a red field, the symbol of Heinsberg, which Scherpenseel historically belonged to. The coat of arms was granted on December 2, 1937 by the *Oberpräsident* of the province Rhineland.

## Economy

In addition to international companies such as SLV, Neuman & Esser, Schlafhorst or Spanset the company Solent GmbH & Co. KG has been producing chocolate, nuts and dried fruit for various brands in Übach-Palenberg since 2010. Its sister company, Bonback GmbH & Co. KG, a wholesale bakery, produces at the same location.

## InfoBox

| Übach-Palenberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Übach seen from the church | |
|  | |
| Location of Übach-Palenberg within Heinsberg district | |
| Übach-Palenberg Übach-Palenberg | |
| Coordinates: 50°55′11″N 6°7′10″E / 50.91972°N 6.11944°E / 50.91972; 6.11944 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Köln |
| District | Heinsberg |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202025) | Oliver Walther (CDU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 26.11 km2 (10.08 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 110 m (360 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 24,354 |
| Density | 930/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 52531 |
| Dialling codes | 02451
02404 (Parts of Boscheln) |
| Vehicle registration | HS |
| Website | www.uebach-palenberg.de |


title: Žydrūnas Urbonas

abstract: Žydrūnas Urbonas is a professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for Šiauliai of the LKL.

text:
# Žydrūnas Urbonas

**Žydrūnas Urbonas** (born 4 October 1976, in Zarasai, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) is a professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for Šiauliai of the LKL.

## Playing career

Urbonas made his professional debut in the 1993–94 season and continued to play for various teams in the Lithuanian Basketball League for another eight years, playing for BC Lietkabelis, BC Lavera, being one of the team leaders there, before signing with BC Šiauliai, where he reached his biggest success, helping the team finish in 3rd place in 2000 and 2001, and becoming the LKL MVP in the 2001 season. In 2001, he moved to Metallurg Magnitogorsk of the Russian Basketball Super League 1, however, after the season he returned to BC Šiauliai and spent the 2002–03 season there before signing with AGE Chalkida of the Greek A2 Basket League for a brief time in 2003, though he returned to BC Šiauliai again to finish the 2003-2004 season and played a full 2004–05 season. He helped the team to win 3rd place in the LKL in 2004, and helped them win the LKL, BBL and FIBA Euro Cup Conference North 3rd places. In the 2005–06 season Urbonas signed with Barons Riga of the Latvian Basketball League and then moved to AEL Limassol of the Cyprus Basketball Division A for the 2006–07 season. Urbonas returned to Lithuania in 2007 and played there until autumn 2008 before signing with Donetsk of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague for the 2008–2009 season. He finished his career playing for Juventus Utena from 2009 to 2012.

## Coaching career

In 2009, Urbonas became a player-coach and the team's president when he joined Juventus Utena, and then became the assistant coach when he retired in 2012. He served as head coach under Rytis Vaišvila, Vitoldas Masalskis, Virginijus Sirvydis and Antanas Sireika, who coached and mentored him back during his playing days in BC Šiauliai. He was still assistant coach, this time under Gediminas Petrauskas, in the 2017-2018 season, but became head coach by October, after Petrauskas resigned due to poor results.

## National team career

Urbonas won a gold medal with the Lithuanian under-18 national team in 1994 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship.

## Career statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008–09 | Donetsk | 10 |  | 21.37 | .35 | .25 | .7 | 4.5 | 1.00 | 0.7 | **.0** | 7.2 |

## InfoBox

Žydrūnas Urbonas
| Urbonas with Juventus Utena in 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| BC Šiauliai | |
| Position | Head coach |
| League | Lithuanian Basketball League |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1976-10-04) 4 October 1976<br>Zarasai, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Lithuanian |
| Listed height | 6 ft 6.7 in (2.00 m) |
| Listed weight | 220 lb (100 kg) |
| Career information | |
| NBA draft | 1998: undrafted |
| Playing career | 1993–2012 |
| Position | Small forward / power forward |
| Coaching career | 2012–present |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 1993–1994 | Lietkabelis Panevėžys |
| 1994–1995 | Lavera Kaunas |
| 1995–1998 | Lietkabelis Panevėžys |
| 1998–1999 | Šilutė |
| 1999–2001 | Šiauliai |
| 2001–2002 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk |
| 2002–2003 | Šiauliai |
| 2003 | AGE Chalkida |
| 2003–2005 | Šiauliai |
| 2005–2006 | Barons Riga |
| 2006–2007 | AEL Limassol |
| 2007–2008 | Lietkabelis Panevėžys |
| 2008 | Alytus |
| 2008–2009 | Donetsk |
| 2009–2012 | Juventus Utena |
| As coach: | |
| 2012–2017 | Juventus Utena (assistant) |
| 2017–2022 | Juventus Utena |
| 2023 | Sigal Prishtina |
| 2023–present | Šiauliai |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Medals      Men's Basketball  Representing  Lithuania  FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship  1994 Israel  U-18 Team | |


title: One Glorious Scrap

abstract: One Glorious Scrap is a 1927 American silent Western film directed by Edgar Lewis and written by George H. Plympton, George Morgan, and Gardner Bradford. The film stars Fred Humes, Dorothy Gulliver, Robert McKenzie, Francis Ford, George B. French and Cuyler Supplee. The film was released on November 20, 1927, by Universal Pictures.

text:
# One Glorious Scrap

***One Glorious Scrap*** is a 1927 American silent Western film directed by Edgar Lewis and written by George H. Plympton, George Morgan, and Gardner Bradford. The film stars Fred Humes, Dorothy Gulliver, Robert McKenzie, Francis Ford, George B. French and Cuyler Supplee. The film was released on November 20, 1927, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| One Glorious Scrap | |
| --- | --- |
| Lobby card | |
| Directed by | Edgar Lewis |
| Screenplay by | George H. Plympton
George Morgan
Gardner Bradford |
| Story by | Leigh Jason |
| Starring | Fred Humes
Dorothy Gulliver
Robert McKenzie
Francis Ford
George B. French
Cuyler Supplee |
| Cinematography | Edward Linden |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * November 20, 1927 (1927-11-20) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Garrett Harencak

abstract: Major General Garrett Harencak is the commander of the U.S. Air Force Recruiting Service. Previously, he served as the assistant chief of staff for strategic deterrence and nuclear integration, Headquarters U. S. Air Force. Prior this position, Harencak served as commander of the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (AFNWC), Air Force Materiel Command at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. The AFNWC is responsible for the entire scope of U.S. Air Force nuclear weapons support functions and in addition to its headquarters at Kirtland, comprises several other units in the U.S and abroad.

text:
# Garrett Harencak

Major General **Garrett Harencak** is the commander of the U.S. Air Force Recruiting Service. Previously, he served as the assistant chief of staff for strategic deterrence and nuclear integration, Headquarters U. S. Air Force. Prior this position, Harencak served as commander of the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (AFNWC), Air Force Materiel Command at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. The AFNWC is responsible for the entire scope of U.S. Air Force nuclear weapons support functions and in addition to its headquarters at Kirtland, comprises several other units in the U.S and abroad.

## Biography

General Harencak entered the Air Force in 1983 as a graduate of the United States Air Force Academy. Trained as a bomber pilot, Harencak has piloted, served as instructor and functioned as division commander for a variety of large scale Air Force bombing units. He is former Commander of the 509th Bomb Wing, Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri, responsible for the combat readiness of the U.S. Air Force's only wing of B-2 "Stealth" planes. His responsibilities included development and employment of the B-2's combat capability as part of the U.S. Air Force's Global Strike Task Force. His command provided logistics support for the Air Force Reserve's 442d Fighter Wing; Missouri Army National Guard's 1st Battalion, 135th Aviation Unit; and the Navy Reserve's Mobile Inshore Undersea Warfare Unit 114. This included managing B-2 flying assets worth over $46 billion, and an annual operations and maintenance budget of $147 million. His assignments have also included aircraft command of the B-52; instructor pilot and squadron command in the B-1B; a tour in weapon systems acquisition; and service as aide to the Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Central Command. He also directed the Headquarters Air Force Executive Secretariat. General Harencak commanded the 7th Bomb Wing at Dyess AFB, Texas. He has also served as Deputy Director of Requirements, Headquarters, Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, Virginia. Harencak grew up in the New Jersey town of Elmwood Park, where he was known then and now for his high quality ("Jay Leno funny") sense of humor, as was expressed emphatically by NNSA (National Nuclear Security Administration) administrator Thomas D'Agostino at Harencak's Gold Medal Awards Ceremony in 2011. Harencak is married to Tanya Harencak. They have a daughter Megan who while part of the Air Force ROTC program at FSU (Florida State University), received the thrill of having a B-2 Spirit conduct 3 public flyovers during an FSU football game in September 2008.

### Education

1983 Bachelor of Science, U. S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 1988 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell AFB, Alabama 1991 Master of Science, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 1994 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama 2002 Master of Science, Air University, Maxwell-Gunter AFB, Alabama 2002 USAF Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

### Assignments

July 1983–July 1984, student, undergraduate pilot training, Reese AFB, Texas July 1984–December 1984, student, B-52 Combat Crew Training, Castle AFB, California December 1984–September 1989, copilot, standards and evaluations pilot, and aircraft commander, 97th Bomb Wing, Eaker AFB, Arkansas September 1989–August 1993, aircraft commander, instructor pilot, and evaluator pilot, 96th Bomb Wing, Dyess AFB, Texas August 1993–June 1994, student, Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama June 1994–October 1997, action officer and aide de camp to Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Central Command, MacDill AFB, Florida October 1997–June 2001, instructor pilot, operations officer, 9th Bomb Squadron and Commander, 28th Bomb Squadron, 7th Bomb Wing, Dyess AFB, Texas June 2001–June 2002, student, USAF Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama June 2002–June 2003, Director, Executive Review Secretariat, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. June 2003–August 2004, Vice Commander, 7th Bomb Wing, Dyess AFB, Texas August 2004–July 2006, Commander, 7th Bomb Wing, Dyess AFB, Texas July 2006–September 2007, Deputy Director of Requirements, Headquarters ACC, Langley AFB, Virginia September 2007–March 2009, Commander, 509th Bomb Wing, Whiteman AFB, Missouri March 2009–January 2011, Principal Assistant Deputy Administrator for Military Application, Office of Defense Programs, National Nuclear Security Administration, Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. January 2011–February 2013, Commander, Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center, Kirtland AFB, N.M. March 2013–September 2015, Assistant Chief of Staff, Strategic Deterrence and Nuclear Integration, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. September 2015–present, Commander, Air Force Recruiting Service, Joint Base San Antonio Randolph, Texas

### Flight information

* Rating: Command pilot
* Flight Hours: More than 3,000 hours
* Aircraft Flown: T-37, T-38, B-52G, B-1B, B-2

## Awards and decorations

## Effective dates of promotion

## InfoBox

| Garrett Harencak | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | Air Force Recruiting Service
Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center
509th Bomb Wing
7th Bomb Wing
28th Bomb Squadron |


title: Fatou Djibo

abstract: Fatou Djibo was a Nigerien women's rights activist, feminist, educator and trade unionist. She was President of the Union des Femmes du Niger and was also the first woman from Niger to drive a car.

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# Fatou Djibo

**Fatou Djibo** (27 April 1927 - 6 April 2016) was a Nigerien women's rights activist, feminist, educator and trade unionist. She was President of the Union des Femmes du Niger and was also the first woman from Niger to drive a car.

## Biography

Born Fadima Hassane Diallo on 27 April 1927, Djibo's father was Chief Djagourou, a traditional ruler appointed by the French colonial administration to the district leader of Téra where she was born. In a step that was unusual at the time, he sent his daughter, when she was seven years old, to the newly opened primary school in Téra and as result was one of the first Nigerian girls to go to school. She continued her education at the higher elementary school in the capital Niamey and finally at the teacher training institute École normal de Rufisque in Senegal. She graduated with distinction in 1946. In the same year she married the teacher Djibo Yacouba with whom she had eight children.

From 1946 to 1966, Djibo worked as a primary school teacher, initially in Fada N'Gourma and later in Maradi, Zinder, Tillabéri and Niamey. In 1954 she was Niger's first woman driver. Djibo founded the women's organization Union des Femmes du Niger (UFN) on 7 March 1959, which she chaired for many years. In 1962 she led a delegation from the union to Cairo.

During the First Republic (1960–1974) she was the face of the public for the concerns of women in Niger. She argued that the development of a country cannot be complete without the emancipation of women and that the degradation and humiliation of women must be stopped by appropriate laws. At the same time she saw the primary task of the Nigerien woman as the educator of the citizens of the future. In 1969 Djibo followed her husband to Brussels when he was appointed ambassador. After his death in 1968 she returned to Niger, where she became treasurer of the Lycée Kassaï School in Niamey. In 1971, she was also deputy treasurer of the Union of Workers' Trade Unions of Niger. In 1978 she officially thanked the USSR for its gift of medicines and medical instruments to the Niger Red Cross. In 1979 she attended an international workshop on women and leadership.

Djibo retired in 1983 and continued to volunteer for trade unions, the Red Cross and other organizations. She died in Niamey on 6 April 2016.

## InfoBox

| Fatou Djibo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Fadima Hassane Diallo
(1927-04-27)April 27, 1927
Téra, Niger |
| Died | April 6, 2016(2016-04-06) (aged 88)
Niamey, Niger |
| Alma mater | École normal de Rufisque |
| Known for | President of Union des Femmes du Niger |
| Spouse | Djibo Yacouba  (m. 1946; died 1968) |


title: Jack Beeching

abstract: Jack Beeching, born John Charles Stuart Beeching, was an English poet, novelist and nonfiction writer.

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# Jack Beeching

**Jack Beeching** (8 May 1922 – 27 December 2001), born **John Charles Stuart Beeching**, was an English poet, novelist and nonfiction writer.

## Life

Beeching was born in Hastings, Sussex, England, on 8 May 1922 and died in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, on 27 December 2001. He served in the Fleet Air Arm during World War II. He married Gwendoline (Inez) Mathews in the early 1940s. This marriage produced one son, Matthew (1947). The couple was divorced in 1948. He married author and translator Amy Brown in 1950 and had a son, John, and a daughter, Laura. The couple was divorced in 1970, and he shared the rest of his life with his third wife Charlotte Mensforth, the painter. He had four children.

In 1956, he suffered serious chest injuries in an automobile accident. As a result, he had severe respiratory problems that forced him to live in warmer climates.

## Career

Beeching's poetry is considered moving, original, clear-sighted, compressed, and funny. This was a view expressed by the editor of Qualm in 2003, a high opinion shared by the editors at Penguin circa 1970, and reflected in his obituary in *The Independent* thirty years later, whose author speaks also of Beeching's 'disciplined metre, subtle half-rhyme and a luxuriant syntax which expressed at times distinctly "difficult" metaphysical concerns'. His writing in old age was perhaps at least as strong and trenchant as that of any of his peers of a similar age.

Although he continued to write until his death, during the second half of his life his work fell into neglect. This neglect was partly attributable to his having to live, because of his damaged lung, abroad in drier climates, including Greece, Turkey, Guatemala, Lucca, Genoa, Menton, and Majorca. It was a life of near-poverty in tiny apartments.

He was published in Penguin Modern Poets No. 16 in 1970, and near the end of his life brought out a collection, *Poems 1940-2000* (Art Ojo Nuevo). He was a novelist and writer of historical books, but stated "Poetry is my avocation; the other forms of writing are a means of livelihood".

Beeching translated poetry from French and Spanish, and wrote several plays for the London stage. He contributed to *The New York Times* and *The Times*.

The Arts Council of Great Britain gave him their Award to a Living Artist in 1967, and he was later granted a Civil List pension for "services to literature".

## Works

* *Personal and Partisan Poems* (poetry), Fred Ball, 1940.
* *Aspects of Love* (poetry), A. Swallow, 1950.
* *Paper Doll* (novel), Heinemann, 1950.
* *Truth Is a Naked Lady* (poetry), Myriad, 1957.
* *Let Me See Your Face* (novel), Heinemann, 1959.
* *The Dakota Project*, Delacorte, 1968.
* *Penguin Modern Poets 16* (1970). Jack Beeching, Harry Guest and Matthew Mead.
* *The Polythene Maidenhead* (poetry), Penguin, 1970.
* (Editor and author of introduction) R. Hakluyt, *Voyages and Discoveries: The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation*, Penguin, 1972.
* *The Chinese Opium Wars*, Hutchinson, 1975, Harcourt, 1976.
* *An Open Path: Christian Missionaries*, 1515-1914, Hutchinson, 1979, Ross-Erikson, 1982.
* (With Dominique Grandmont) *Images au Miroir: Mirror Images* (in French and English), Piccolo Press, 1979.
* *Death of a Terrorist* (novel), Constable, 1981.
* *The Galleys at Lepanto*, Hutchinson, 1982, Scribner, 1983.
* *Twenty-five Short Poems*, Piccolo Press, 1982.
* *Tides of Fortune*, Hutchinson,1988
* *The View from the Balloon*, with drawings by Charlotte Mensforth, Piccolo, 1990.
* *Poems (1940-2000)*, Art Ojo Nuevo, 2001.

## InfoBox

| Jack Beeching | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1922-05-08)8 May 1922
Sussex, England |
| Died | 27 December 2001(2001-12-27) (aged 79)
Palma de Mallorca, Spain |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Poet |