title: Melanomys

abstract: Melanomys is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae, which is distributed in northern South America and adjacent Central America. It contains three species, two of which—Melanomys robustulus and Melanomys zunigae—have limited distributions. The third, Melanomys caliginosus, is more widely distributed, but may be a species complex.

text:
# Melanomys

***Melanomys*** is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae, which is distributed in northern South America and adjacent Central America. It contains three species, two of which*Melanomys robustulus* and *Melanomys zunigae*—have limited distributions. The third, *Melanomys caliginosus*, is more widely distributed, but may be a species complex.

## InfoBox

| *Melanomys* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Skull of *Melanomys caliginosus* from Cerro Azul, Panama. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Cricetidae |
| Subfamily: | Sigmodontinae |
| Tribe: | Oryzomyini |
| Genus: | *Melanomys*
Thomas, 1902 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Oryzomys phaeopus*
 | |
| Species | |
| *Melanomys caliginosus*
*Melanomys robustulus*
*Melanomys zunigae* | |


title: Washbourne, Devon

abstract: Washbourne is a hamlet in the South Hams in Devon, England, 4 miles (6 km) south of Totnes. It consists of three settlements, Higher Washbourne, Middle Washbourne and Lower Washbourne. Higher and Middle Washbourne are in the civil parish of Halwell and Moreleigh. Lower Washbourne is divided between the civil parishes of Ashprington and Cornworthy. Washbourne was mentioned in the Domesday Book, as Waseborne. The name is from the Old English wæsce "washing" and burna "stream", and so means "stream for washing", i.e. clothes or sheep. The stream is now known as the River Wash, a back-formation from the place.

text:
# Washbourne, Devon

**Washbourne** is a hamlet in the South Hams in Devon, England, 4 miles (6 km) south of Totnes. It consists of three settlements, Higher Washbourne, Middle Washbourne and Lower Washbourne. Higher and Middle Washbourne are in the civil parish of Halwell and Moreleigh (in Halwell parish until 1988). Lower Washbourne is divided between the civil parishes of Ashprington and Cornworthy.

Washbourne was mentioned in the Domesday Book, as *Waseborne*. The name is from the Old English *wæsce* "washing" and *burna* "stream", and so means "stream for washing", i.e. clothes or sheep. The stream is now known as the River Wash, a back-formation from the place.

Media related to Washbourne, Devon at Wikimedia Commons 50°22′52″N 3°41′35″W / 50.381°N 3.693°W / 50.381; -3.693


title: Herbert Schmid

abstract: Oberleutnant Herbert Schmid was a German World War II pilot who defected to north-east Scotland in May 1943, piloting a German nightfighter with advanced interception radar which allowed British scientists to jam German nightfighter radar.

text:
# Herbert Schmid

Oberleutnant **Herbert Schmid** (1 April 1914 – 1975) was a German World War II pilot who defected to north-east Scotland in May 1943, piloting a German nightfighter with advanced interception radar which allowed British scientists to jam German nightfighter radar.

## Early life

He was born in Sachsen-Anhalt. His father was the secretary to the German Chancellor and Foreign Minister, Gustav Stresemann

In 1974 the West German newspaper *Bild am Sonntag* ran a story about Herbert Schmid, written by Günther Stiller, claiming that he was a British agent, who had flown a Dornier Do 217 into a Lincolnshire RAF airfield on the night of 20 May 1941.

## Career

He was a pilot in the Luftwaffe, serving with Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 3).

## May 1943 defection to Scotland

On Sunday 9 May 1943, at age 29, Schmid took his Junkers Ju 88 R-1 (*360043*), equipped with the most advanced German nightfighter interception radar, to an RAF station at Aberdeen. He had set off from Aalborg in Denmark at 1503, flying to Norway to refuel at 1603. It took off at 1650 to take part in a mission over the Skagerrak, between Norway and Denmark. At 1710, a false message was sent to the German nightfighter headquarters in Denmark, saying that the aircraft's starboard engine was on fire; the aircraft dropped down to sea level and dropped three life rafts.

### Interception

Two Spitfires from 165 Squadron, with an American (in *BM 515T*) and Canadian pilot (in *AB 921*), were sent to intercept the Ju 88, making contact with the Ju 88 at 1805, west of Aberdeen; the Ju 88 dropped its flaps and undercarriage and launched red flares. The Ju 88 landed at Aberdeen at 1820. One German aircrew, Oberfeldwebel Erich Kantwill, was not compliant following the landing and had to be taken at gunpoint.

A WAAF photographer noticed how 'full of smug confidence' that the two German pilots seemed, with one of the pilots 'leisurely combing his hair', not like a typical prisoner-of-war would do so.

The Station Commander was Group Captain J W Colquhoun.

Schmid was detained as a prisoner of war, after being detained in the Officer's Mess for one day with the other crew of his aircraft. On 10 May, the three Luftwaffe aircrew, in civilian clothes, were given an RAF Regiment escort to Aberdeen railway station. On the train they were accompanied by staff of MI6.

Prof RV Jones caught the night train from London, arriving on the morning of Tuesday 11 May. He inspected the aircraft with fellow physicist Derek Jackson.

### Aircraft testing

Once the aircraft was captured, German nightfighters could be detected much earlier. The aircraft was flown to many times, behind a Vickers Wellington that dropped the tin foil *window*. The radar-jamming technique known as *window* was found to work. The previous year, Wellington *DV819* of No. 1474 Flight (part of 192 Squadron) had attempted the world's first Ferret mission, from RAF Gransden Lodge in Huntingdonshire on 3 December 1942, to find German AI radar; the aircraft came under attack by a Luftwaffe Ju 88 nightfighter, and shot down on the Kent coast; the captured Ju 88 would find the radar system that this Wellington had been trying to find in December 1942.

## History of Aberdeen

On Tuesday 17 January 1950, Prof RV Jones revisited Aberdeen, to give a talk about the incident, at the University of Aberdeen, to the Tarves Literary Society. He said that the 1943 incident was his first visit to the city. He also mentioned that the Soviets had taken an interest in radar from 1935, but had not progressed. Some Soviet laboratories looked at the possibilities, and one laboratory had got further than the others. In 1938 the OGPU (Joint State Political Directorate, the fore-runner of the NKVD) arrived at the radar laboratory, interviewed staff, became suspicious, leading to deportation of some of the scientists, as the OGPU believed that the scientists were 'English spies'. Prof RV Jones said, at the meeting in Aberdeen, that this action by the Soviets had 'wrecked their own radar research'. Another important British physicist was Sir Robert Cockburn.

Prof RV Jones was the person who had been the first to convince the British government that German scientists had developed radar, mostly thanks to the Oslo Report, passed to the British Embassy in Oslo in Norway by its author, the physicist Hans Ferdinand Mayer, on 4 November 1939. The Germans would know nothing of this report, until the end of the war. On 23 February 1941 Air Marshal Philip Joubert de la Ferté arranged a meeting to discuss whether the Germans had any radar, and Prof RV Jones showed him a picture of the Freya radar, taken the day before, at Auderville in France; the Germans had also — foolishly — named the radar system after the Norse goddess Freyja; given that the Norse goddess in question was known for her magical power to see over a hundred miles, British scientists did not need a surfeit of guesses to deduce the likely function of the German system.

In July 1942 a German-speaking British Y service radio operator, broadcasting from a radio transmitter at Wrotham in Kent, and intercepting Luftwaffe nightfighter radio transmissions, heard mention of the unknown *Emil-Emil* system. British scientists deduced that this new system was an aircraft interception radar, operating at 490 MHz. (*Emil-Emil* turned out to be a code name for the Lichtenstein radar system). On 26 April 1943, the Ground Grocer radio transmitter at RAF Dunwich, on the Suffolk coast, began jamming the *Emil-Emil* wavelengths.

## Military outcome

The Serrate radar detector, for British nightfighters, resulted from the understanding of the Ju-88's 50-cm radar. Serrate was first deployed on 14 June 1943. Five nightfighters had Serrate detectors, resulting in the loss of one Luftwaffe aircraft.

Later the technology was deployed on Mosquito nightfighters of 141 Sqn, 239 Sqn at RAF West Raynham, and 169 Sqn at RAF Great Massingham in the west of Norfolk.

Erich Kantwill returned to his wife Anneliese in Dortmund, and his daughter. Schmid returned to Bonn.

## Aircraft

Within five days the Ju 88 had been given the designation *PJ876*, later being tested at RAF Collyweston in Northamptonshire.

In the 1960s the aircraft was at RAF Biggin Hill, then in storage at RAF Henlow, then moved to Wales in August 1973, to be restored by a team led by Flt Lt Ken Hurst.

In early 1975 the aircraft was restored to original condition at RAF St Athan in south Wales.

The aircraft was moved to the RAF Museum in London in November 1978, when the museum opened.


title: Nehaj

abstract: Nehaj is the name of the hill that is found above the center of the town of Senj in Croatia. More famous is the Nehaj Fortress that stands on top of the hill. The name Nehaj comes from the Croatian term Ne hajati which means Don't care. This name was given to the hill and the Fortress by the Uskoks, who built on the top of this hill the Fortress Nehaj for defensive purposes. They gave the hill and the Fortress such a name because they wanted to emphasize to the citizens of Senj, and to all of those who lived in the vicinity of the town, that they should not concern themselves with the security of the fortress, because it shall not fall as long as the Uskoks are there. This became true, because as long as the Uskoks were upon the hill, not one aggressor succeeded to conquer the hill or the Fortress, which at the same time meant great security for the town of Senj, which is located at the foot of the hill. To the builders of this Fortress, the only and main goal was the defence of the town and the obstruction of the Venetians and the Turks in their invasions and conquests. But, shortly after the Fortress was built on the top of the hill, a truce was made between the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice, and one of the conditions of the truce was the transmigration of the Uskoks from the Fortress Nehaj and from Senj because of the constant fear that they gave the Venetians and the Turks. This act meant the disappearance of the Uskoks from the historical stage, and the exposure of these parts to constant conquests and plundering raids of the Turks and the Venetians.

text:
# Nehaj

**Nehaj** \[nɛxaj\] is the name of the hill that is found above the center of the town of Senj in Croatia. More famous is the Nehaj Fortress that stands on top of the hill.

The name *Nehaj* comes from the Croatian term *Ne hajati* \[ xajati\] which means *Don't care*.

This name was given to the hill and the Fortress by the Uskoks, who built on the top of this hill the Fortress Nehaj for defensive purposes. They gave the hill and the Fortress such a name because they wanted to emphasize to the citizens of Senj, and to all of those who lived in the vicinity of the town, that they should not concern themselves with the security of the fortress, because it shall not fall as long as the Uskoks are there.

This became true, because as long as the Uskoks were upon the hill, not one aggressor succeeded to conquer the hill or the Fortress, which at the same time meant great security for the town of Senj, which is located at the foot of the hill. To the builders of this Fortress, the only and main goal was the defence of the town and the obstruction of the Venetians and the Turks in their invasions and conquests.

But, shortly after the Fortress was built on the top of the hill, a truce was made between the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice, and one of the conditions of the truce was the transmigration of the Uskoks from the Fortress Nehaj and from Senj because of the constant fear that they gave the Venetians and the Turks. This act meant the disappearance of the Uskoks from the historical stage, and the exposure of these parts to constant conquests and plundering raids of the Turks and the Venetians.

## Climate

| Climate data for Senj | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8
(46) | 9
(48) | 13
(55) | 17
(62) | 22
(71) | 26
(79) | 29
(84) | 29
(84) | 24
(76) | 19
(66) | 14
(58) | 8
(47) | 18
(65) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3
(37) | 3
(37) | 6
(43) | 9
(49) | 13
(56) | 18
(64) | 20
(68) | 19
(67) | 17
(62) | 12
(54) | 9
(48) | 3
(38) | 11
(52) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 81
(3.2) | 71
(2.8) | 94
(3.7) | 100
(4.1) | 100
(4.1) | 99
(3.9) | 66
(2.6) | 84
(3.3) | 140
(5.5) | 200
(7.8) | 170
(6.8) | 140
(5.5) | 1,350
(53.3) |
| Source: Weatherbase | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

44°59′11″N 14°54′12″E / 44.98639°N 14.90333°E / 44.98639; 14.90333


title: Heartland (Michael Stanley Band album)

abstract: Heartland is an album by the Michael Stanley Band released in 1980. It reached No. 86 on the Billboard 200 album chart in 1981. The album stayed in the top 100 for over eight weeks and was in the top 200 for an additional ten weeks.

text:
# Heartland (Michael Stanley Band album)

***Heartland*** is an album by the Michael Stanley Band released in 1980. It reached No. 86 on the *Billboard* 200 album chart in 1981. The album stayed in the top 100 for over eight weeks and was in the top 200 for an additional ten weeks.

## Recording and release

Arguably the biggest album of the Cleveland, Ohio–based rock group, *Heartland* was released in 1980, after the band was dropped from Arista Records following their mediocre-charting *Greatest Hints* album. The band was not convinced that they could come back from a fall down the charts, as *Greatest Hints* only reached number No. 148 on the Billboard magazine album chart. The band continued on without a label and recorded the album that would become their US breakthrough, *Heartland*. The band planned to release the masterwork independently, however, EMI America Records picked up both the band and the *Heartland* album upon its completion. The album peaked at No. 86 in *Billboard* in 1981.

## Chart successes and fallout

*Heartland* proved to be the album the band had been waiting since the 1970s to see. However, speculation regarding lack of touring, limited radio play, weak support from EMI America, and the band being exhausted from trying year after year to crack the top of the charts have been blamed for the apparent fall that occurred after the *Heartland* bonanza the band enjoyed.

## Singles

The album spawned the band's highest-charting single, "He Can't Love You", which reached No. 33 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart in 1981. The song features a surging sax lick by Clarence Clemons that makes it instantly recognizable. The album featured another single, "Lover", rising to a respectable No. 68 on the charts and staying there for over two weeks. It featured the iconic lyric "thank God for the man who put the white lines on the highway", which was sung back by the audiences to Stanley whenever he performed the song live.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1981) | Song | Peak
position | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | "He Can't Love You" | 33 |  |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | "Lover" | 68 |  |
| Canada *RPM* Top 100 | "He Can't Love You" | 10 |  |

"He Can't Love You" was No. 92 in the Canadian Top 100 Singles of 1981.

## Aftermath

Although MSB went on to more chart successes after *Heartland*, which the band considered to be its definitive album, MSB never again fully felt the instantaneous relief following the release of *Heartland*. The band's next album, *North Coast*, released in 1981 would go on to top the chart position of *Heartland* surging up to the No. 79 spot. After the first two successful EMI America albums, the third, *MSB*, released in 1982, stalled at No. 136 on the *Billboard* album chart, failing to crack the top 100.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'll Never Need Anyone More (Than I Need You Tonight)" | Michael Stanley | 3:16 |
| 2. | "Lover" | Stanley | 4:52 |
| 3. | "Don't Stop the Music" | Stanley | 3:38 |
| 4. | "He Can't Love You" | Kevin Raleigh | 3:37 |
| 5. | "Working Again" | Stanley | 3:56 |
| 6. | "All I Ever Wanted" | Stanley | 3:11 |
| 7. | "Say Goodbye" | Raleigh | 3:27 |
| 8. | "Hearts on Fire" | Stanley | 2:49 |
| 9. | "Voodoo" | Stanley | 4:32 |
| 10. | "Carolyn" | Stanley, Bob Pelander | 3:02 |
| 11. | "Save a Little Piece for Me" | Gary Markasky, Raleigh | 3:19 |
| Total length: | | | 39:43 |

## Personnel

Michael Stanley Band * Michael Stanley – lead and backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, percussion
* Kevin Raleigh – lead and backing vocals, organ, piano, percussion
* Michael Gismondi – bass, synthesizer
* Gary Markasky – lead electric guitars
* Bob Pelander – piano, organ, electric piano, synthesizer, orchestra bells, percussion, vocals
* Tommy Dobeck – drums, percussion
* Danny Powers – lead guitar and vocals on live bonus tracks

Additional performers Production * Produced by the Michael Stanley Band
* Engineered by Arnie Rosenberg and Paul Schwartz, assisted by Lydia Terrion
* Mixed by Fred Mollin, Michael Verdick, and the Michael Stanley Band
* Mastered by Mike Reese
* Art direction by Bob Rath; Reissue art direction by Kristian Lawing
* Photography by Anastasia Pantsios and Dan Montecalvo

## InfoBox

| Heartland | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Michael Stanley Band | |
| Released | September 8, 1980 |
| Recorded | April–May 1980 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 39:43 |
| Label | EMI America |
| Producer | Michael Stanley Band |
| Michael Stanley Band chronology | |
| *Greatest Hints*
(1979) ***Heartland***
(1980) *North Coast*
(1981) | |


title: Versare Company

abstract: Versare Car Company was a bus and trolley bus maker founded in 1925 and originally based in Watervliet, New York. Among their early work were experimental buses that utilized gasoline and electric engines that could be run alone or together, a technique that could be seen as a very early ancestor to dual-mode vehicles of the modern day. In 1928, the assets of the company were purchased by the Cincinnati Car Company and the company's base was moved from Watervliet to Cincinnati, Ohio. The Versare nameplate returned in 1931 and remained until its demise in 1938.

text:
# Versare Company

**Versare Car Company** was a bus and trolley bus maker founded in 1925 and originally based in Watervliet, New York. Among their early work were experimental buses that utilized gasoline (Buda or Waukesha) and electric engines that could be run alone or together, a technique that could be seen as a very early ancestor to dual-mode vehicles of the modern day.

In 1928, the assets of the company were purchased by the Cincinnati Car Company and the company's base was moved from Watervliet to Cincinnati, Ohio. The Versare nameplate returned in 1931 and remained until its demise in 1938.

## Products


title: Saburra

abstract: Saburra was a Numidian general who served the king of Numidia, Juba I, and fought Julius Caesar during Caesar's Civil War. He managed to defeat one of Caesar's lieutenant, Gaius Scribonius Curio at the Battle of the Bagradas before eventually being killed in battle by a mercenary commander Publius Sittius, who was loyal to Caesar.

text:
# Saburra

**Saburra** was a Numidian general who served the king of Numidia, Juba I, and fought Julius Caesar during Caesar's Civil War. He managed to defeat one of Caesar's lieutenant, Gaius Scribonius Curio at the Battle of the Bagradas before eventually being killed in battle by a mercenary commander Publius Sittius, who was loyal to Caesar.

## Biography

Virtually nothing is known of Saburra's early life, and the only main source of information about him is from Caesar himself. We first hear of Saburra in 49 BC, where Caesar's civil war had recently broke out in that same year. Caesar had already conquered Italy and Spain from his ally turned rival Pompey the Great. Caesar wanted to control the three main grain hubs of the republic, Sardinia, Sicily, and Africa, so he dispatched two of his legates, 1 legion under Quintus Valerius Orca to Sardinia and another 2 under Gaius Scribonius Curio to Sicily. From there Curio would push into Africa to attack Pompey's governor of Africa, Publius Attius Varus. Upon news of Caesar's victory at the Battle of Ilerda, Curio crossed into Africa and defeated Varus at the Battle of Utica. Juba I of Numidia, meanwhile who had supported Varus with soldiers during the defeat at Utica began to assemble a large army that included Saburra, and marched towards Curio. Juba then pulled a clever trick, by spreading false rumors in Curio's camp that he had been forced to deal with a rebellion and had left the area, leaving only a small force led by Saburra. Curio, who was over confident following the victory at Utica, marched towards the Bagradas river and met the Numidian force commanded by Saburra, which was now reinforced by Juba's army and he used his Numidian light cavalry to skirmish and surround Curio's army at the Battle of the Bagradas. The Romans were defeated, Curio was killed, and the expedition failed.

Africa would remain in Pompeian hands until Caesar himself would arrive in 47 BC following defeating Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus. Pompey would be assassinated in Egypt and once Caesar had settled affairs in the east he could now take the last bastion of resistance to his forces. Juba then answered a call to arms from Metellus Scipio and Cato the Younger, who were the leaders of the Pompeians faction against Caesar. However this would initially prove pointless as Gnaeus Pompey had wanted to prove himself and led a 2000 strong force against the kingdom of West Mauretania led by their king, Bogud. However the Mauretanians defeated the younger Pompey at the Battle of Ascurum. The defeat began to have great consequences for the Pompeians, as Bogud's brother the king of East Mauretania, Bocchus II dispatched an army against Numidia led by the Roman Mercenary Commander Publius Sittius. Sittius began raiding Numidian territory before capturing and sacking the Numidian capital of Cirta. Juba was forced to return to defend his kingdom. Juba would then leave Saburra in charge of a small army to defend Numidia from Sittius. Sittius once again invaded shortly after Juba left to join Scipio, and although little is known of Sittius's campaign, he defeated Saburra in a pitched battle, where he was killed.

Caesar would go onto to crush the Pompeians at the Battle of Thapsus. Juba, along with Marcus Petreius attempted to flee back to Numidia, however Sittius campaign convinced the locals the close the gates of Cirta to him. Juba and Petreius then decided upon fighting a duel, so one of them could be honorably killed. Juba won the duel killing Petreius, who then killed himself with the help of a slave.

* Holland, pp. 316–317
* Holland, pg. 318
* Holmes, pg. 104
* Holmes, pg. 105
* Holmes, pg. 106
* Holmes, pg. 107
* Roller, pg. 33
* Holmes, pg. 108
* Goldsworthy, pg. 23
* Roller, pg. 34

### Citations

* Estarán Tolosa, María José (22 November 2016). Epigrafía bilingüe del Occidente romano: El latín y las lenguas locales en las inscripciones bilingües y mixtas. Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza. p. 486. ISBN 978-84-16515-63-9.
* Huss (1985), p. 568
* Mohand Akli, Haddadou. RECUEIL DE PRENOMS BERBERES (in French). Haut commissariat à l'amazighité. p. 41.
* Goldsworthy, Adrian (2006). "XXI". Caesar: Life of a Colossus. New Haven: Yale Press. p. 466.
* C. Michael Hogan (2008) Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
* Tucker, Spencer C. (16 February 2017). T he Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts that Changed World History. ABC-CLIO. p. 29. ISBN 9781440842948. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
* Gardner (translator), Jane F (1967). Julius Caesar – The Civil War. Penguin Books. p. 104.

### Sources

* Julius Caesar, *Commentarii de Bello Civili* 2.40
* *Cassius Dio's Roman History*
* Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars - Caesar.
* Appian, B.C. i. 80.
* Marcus Velleius Paterculus ii. 54.
* Huss, Werner (1985), *Geschichte der Karthager*, Munich: C.H. Beck, ISBN 9783406306549. (in German)
* Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith, Caesar's Civil War, 49–44 BC, Osprey Publishing, 2002
* Holland, Tom, Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic, Abacus, 2004
* Holmes, T. Rice, The Roman Republic and the Founder of the Empire, Vol III, Oxford University Press, 1923
* Roller, Duane W., The world of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: royal scholarship on Rome's African frontier, Taylor & \*Francis e-Library, 2004
* Gardner, Jane F (translator), Julius Caesar – The Civil War Penguin Books 1967

## InfoBox

| Saburra | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c.  ?
Numidia |
| Died | 46 BC |
| Cause of death | Killed in action |
| Nationality | Numidian |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Juba I of Numidia |
| Branch | Numidian army |
| Rank | General |
| Wars | Caesar's Civil War
Battle of the Bagradas |
|  | |


title: PRhyme (album)

abstract: PRhyme is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo PRhyme, consisting of Royce da 5'9" and DJ Premier. The album was released on December 9, 2014, through their own record label PRhyme Records. The album features guest appearances from rappers Killer Mike, Jay Electronica, Common, Ab-Soul, Schoolboy Q, Slaughterhouse, Mac Miller and soul singer Dwele. PRhyme features production by DJ Premier, as well as samples from psychedelic soul composer and producer Adrian Younge. The album was supported by the single "Courtesy". A sequel, PRhyme 2, was released on March 16, 2018.

text:
# PRhyme (album)

***PRhyme*** is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo PRhyme, consisting of Royce da 5'9" and DJ Premier. The album was released on December 9, 2014, through their own record label PRhyme Records. The album features guest appearances from rappers Killer Mike, Jay Electronica, Common, Ab-Soul, Schoolboy Q, Slaughterhouse, Mac Miller and soul singer Dwele. *PRhyme* features production by DJ Premier, as well as samples from psychedelic soul composer and producer Adrian Younge. The album was supported by the single "Courtesy". A sequel, *PRhyme 2*, was released on March 16, 2018.

## Background

On September 15, 2014, it was announced Royce da 5'9" and DJ Premier would be releasing a collaborative album. In September 2014, Royce da 5'9" and DJ Premier spoke about the album, saying: "I want people to appreciate the fact that we didn't compromise in lieu of the environment. In order to try to change the way that people digest music, we had to take a leap of faith," says Royce. DJ Premier adds, "The bar has to be high. For this album to be another body of work and another chapter for both of our lives." On October 17, 2014, the album's first single "Courtesy" was released. On October 22, 2014, the music video was released for "U Looz". On November 20, 2014, the music video was released for "PRhyme". On November 24, 2014, the teaser was released for "Courtesy". On April 1, 2015, the music video was released for "You Should Know". On October 26, 2015, the music video was released for "Courtesy".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 84/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Exclaim!* | 8/10 |
| *HipHopDX* |  |
| *RapReviews* | 8.5/10 |
| *Tom Hull – on the Web* | B+ () |
| *XXL* | 4/5 (XL) |

*PRhyme* received universal acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 84, which indicates "universal acclaim", based on 5 reviews. Fred Thomas of AllMusic said, "The formula for *PRhyme* is a simple one of inventively constructed beats and passionate rhyming from all involved. Sounding both effortless and intricately composed at once, *PRhyme* is an instant classic, and one that sounds better and better as repeated listenings reveal more of the details hiding behind the album's deceptively straightforward approach." Sheldon Pearce of *HipHopDX* said, "Part of the magic of *PRhyme* lies in its murky depths, which come courtesy of Younge's soulful live compositions sampled by Premier in a rare deviation from his typical exploratory tactics. Premier has always had a penchant for sampling whatever he stumbles upon, but the refined selection of this endeavour, despite mildly restricting the great producer, makes for a cohesive listening experience."

## Track listing

All tracks are produced by DJ Premier.

*
*

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "PRhyme" |  | 3:54 |
| 2. | "Dat Sound Good" (featuring Ab-Soul and Mac Miller) |  | 3:31 |
| 3. | "U Looz" | * Montgomery * Martin * Younge | 1:34 |
| 4. | "You Should Know" (featuring Dwele) |  | 4:34 |
| 5. | "Courtesy" | * Montgomery * Martin * Younge | 3:30 |
| 6. | "Wishin'" (featuring Common) |  | 4:19 |
| 7. | "To Me, To You" (featuring Jay Electronica) |  | 5:11 |
| 8. | "Underground Kings" (featuring Schoolboy Q and Killer Mike) |  | 4:14 |
| 9. | "Microphone Preem" (featuring Slaughterhouse) |  | 4:00 |
| Total length: | | | 34:47 |

Deluxe version (bonus tracks)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 10. | "Golden Era" (featuring Joey Bada$$) | 4:16 |
| 11. | "Wishin' II" (featuring Black Thought) | 5:48 |
| 12. | "Highs and Lows" (featuring MF Doom and Phonte) | 4:37 |
| 13. | "Mode II" (featuring Logic) | 7:07 |
| Total length: | | 56:35 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from AllMusic.

**PRhyme**

**Additional personnel**

* Don Morris – art direction
* Amanda Demme – artwork, photography
* Parks Valley – mixing, vocal engineer
* Tony Dawsey – mastering
* I.V. Duncan – vocal engineer

## Charts

## InfoBox

| PRhyme | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by PRhyme | |
| Released | December 9, 2014 |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Studio | DPA Studios
(Oak Park, Michigan)
Headqcourterz Studios
(New York City) |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 34:47 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Royce da 5'9" chronology | |
| *Success Is Certain*
(2011) ***PRhyme***
(2014) *Layers*
(2016) | |
| DJ Premier chronology | |
| *Kolexxxion*
(2012) ***PRhyme***
(2014) *PRhyme 2*
(2018) | |
| Singles from  *PRhyme* | |
| 1. "Courtesy"
Released: October 17, 2014 | |
|  | |


title: Global Commercial Credit

abstract: Global Commercial Credit LLC is an American trade credit and political risk insurance broker.

text:
# Global Commercial Credit

**Global Commercial Credit LLC** is an American trade credit and political risk insurance broker.

## History

Global Commercial Credit was founded on March 1, 1996 by Craig Bonnell and Victor Sandy in Bingham Farms, Michigan with the goal of offering a wider range of trade credit insurance products than was available from their previous employer. They targeted middle-market companies with revenues of between $50 million and $500 million, an area which David Brophy, a finance professor at the University of Michigan, said was underrepresented due to a trend towards larger banks.

The company opened a second office, in Chicago, Illinois, in the fall of 1996 and reported that they had protected over $2 billion in receivables, representing five different insurers, after 10 months of business. With offices now in Boston, Baltimore, Tampa, Chicago, and Cleveland, the company protects over $40 billion in global sales with more than a dozen carriers.

## InfoBox

Global Commercial Credit LLC
|
|  |
| Industry | Insurance broker |
| Founded | March 1, 1996 (1996-03-01) |
| Founder | * Craig Bonnell * Victor Sandy |
| Headquarters | Bingham Farms, Michigan, U.S. |
| Number of locations | Offices in Connecticut, Massachusetts , Maryland, Florida, Illinois, Ohio |
| Products |  |
| Website | www.gccrisk.com |


title: Khangmar Monastery

abstract: Khangmar Monastery or Kangma Monastery is a Gelugpa establishment to the southeast of Kandze Town, capital Kandze County in Sichuan province, China. There are several other monasteries along the Yalong River including the Gelugpa Drakar, Nyatso, and Tsitso monasteries as well as the Sakya Dontok and the Kagyu Rirak Gonpas. There were 350 monks at Khangar Monastery in 1953 when Geshe Tashi Tsering left to study at the Sera Monastery in Lhasa. He later fled to India and has been the resident teacher at the Chenrezig Institute in Queensland since 1990. The monastery was closed during the Cultural Revolution for 25 years but was re-established in 1984 and now has about 70 monks. The upper storeys of the main monastery have collapsed through neglect during the period it was abandoned and the main temple, assembly hall, kitchen and administrative areas are unstable and dangerous but still in use. The Jhilu Ritrek Nunnery was established close to Khangmar when it was reopened in 1984. There are about a dozen nuns living there now.

text:
# Khangmar Monastery

**Khangmar Monastery** or **Kangma Monastery** (Tibetan: ཁང་དམར་དགོན་གསར, Wylie: *khang dmar dgon gsar*; Chinese: 康猫寺) is a Gelugpa establishment to the southeast of Kandze Town (Ch. Garze), capital Kandze County in Sichuan province, China. There are several other monasteries along the Yalong River including the Gelugpa **Drakar**, **Nyatso**, and **Tsitso** monasteries as well as the Sakya **Dontok** and the Kagyu **Rirak Gonpa**s.

There were 350 monks at Khangar Monastery in 1953 when Geshe Tashi Tsering (Chenrezig Institute) left to study at the Sera Monastery in Lhasa. He later fled to India and has been the resident teacher at the Chenrezig Institute in Queensland since 1990.

The monastery was closed during the Cultural Revolution for 25 years but was re-established in 1984 and now has about 70 monks.

The upper storeys of the main monastery have collapsed through neglect during the period it was abandoned and the main temple, assembly hall, kitchen and administrative areas are unstable and dangerous but still in use.

The **Jhilu Ritrek** Nunnery was established close to Khangmar when it was reopened in 1984. There are about a dozen nuns living there now.

## Footnotes

* Dorje, Gyurme. (1999). *Footprint Tibet Handbook with Bhutan*. (2nd Ed.) Footprint Handbooks, Bath, England. ISBN 0-8442-2190-2.

* "Keeping the Dharma Alive in Tibet"

## InfoBox

| Khangmar Monastery | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Tibetan Buddhism |
| Sect | Gelugpa |
| Location | |
| Location | Garzê County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan |
| Country | China |


title: Melbourne Jazz Co-operative

abstract: The Melbourne Jazz Co-operative, better known as the Melbourne Jazz Co-op runs two jazz concerts a week in Melbourne, and is the most active jazz presenter organisation in Australia. The organisation was founded by Martin Jackson, pianist Jamie Fielding, bassist Barry Buckley and others in late 1982 with the intention of presenting as wide a range of jazz styles as on offer in Melbourne at the time. A broad range of jazz styles were encouraged including rock-influenced, bebop, avant-garde to fusion. The initial series of concerts were held on Sunday afternoons at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University's Glasshouse Theatre starting January 1983, with the organisation being funded by the Australia Council for $3,000. Arts Victoria also providing funding from 1987. The organisation was a vital catalyst for the development of Melbourne's contemporary jazz scene providing opportunities for local, interstate and international performers. Before the 1980s coordination of jazz concerts was particularly lacking. The New South Wales Jazz Co-ordination program helped the establishment of the Sydney Improvised Music Association in Sydney quickly followed by the establishment of the Melbourne Jazz Co-operative in 1982. Both sought and gained Federal Government Arts Council funding soon after establishment. Similar Jazz co-ordination programs were established in other states with Arts Council and State Government Funding. In January 1993 the Melbourne Jazz Co-op began the weekly Sunday night 'A-Live' Jazz series at the Bennetts Lane Jazz Club. A second weekly series, the 'Transitions' on Tuesday nights started in late 1997. In 2007 a third weekly series, the "Ezz-thetics" on Thursday nights was started at the Paris Cat Jazz Club. In the late 1980s and 1990s numerous weekend jazz festivals were organised. In 1991 it contributed a contemporary segment to the Montsalvat International Festival of Jazz. The Melbourne Women's Jazz Festival was founded in 1997 and run by the organisation until 2003, when it was handed over to independent Festival Management, while still contributing some events. In 2008 the 25th anniversary of the organisation was celebrated with a benefit concert which included many performers, including the Bennetts Lane Big Band performing the award-winning jazz composition by Eugene Ball, Fool Poet's Portion suite. Other performers included Guitarists Ren Walters and Steve Magnusson, Saxophonist Jamie Oehlers and pianist Marc Hannaford as a duo, Mark Fitzgibbon solo piano set, performances from trios led by Allan Browne and Rob Burke, and the eight piece Mike Nock project. Since presenting the Browne-Costello-Grabowsky Trio at its inaugural concert in January 1983, the Melbourne Jazz Co-op has presented hundreds of performances featuring many of Australia's most respected musicians, from Melbourne and interstate, as well as a number of international artists who otherwise may not have performed in Melbourne. In 2009, the Melbourne Jazz Co-op presented 152 performances featuring over 130 ensembles.

text:
# Melbourne Jazz Co-operative

The **Melbourne Jazz Co-operative**, better known as the **Melbourne Jazz Co-op** runs two jazz concerts a week in Melbourne, and is the most active jazz presenter organisation in Australia. The organisation was founded by Martin Jackson, pianist Jamie Fielding, bassist Barry Buckley and others in late 1982 with the intention of presenting as wide a range of jazz styles as on offer in Melbourne at the time. A broad range of jazz styles were encouraged including rock-influenced, bebop, avant-garde to fusion.

The initial series of concerts were held on Sunday afternoons at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University's Glasshouse Theatre starting January 1983, with the organisation being funded by the Australia Council for $3,000. Arts Victoria also providing funding from 1987. The organisation was a vital catalyst for the development of Melbourne's contemporary jazz scene providing opportunities for local, interstate and international performers.

Before the 1980s coordination of jazz concerts was particularly lacking. The New South Wales Jazz Co-ordination program helped the establishment of the Sydney Improvised Music Association in Sydney quickly followed by the establishment of the Melbourne Jazz Co-operative in 1982. Both sought and gained Federal Government Arts Council funding soon after establishment. Similar Jazz co-ordination programs were established in other states with Arts Council and State Government Funding.

In January 1993 the Melbourne Jazz Co-op began the weekly Sunday night 'A-Live' Jazz series at the Bennetts Lane Jazz Club. A second weekly series, the 'Transitions' on Tuesday nights started in late 1997. In 2007 a third weekly series, the "Ezz-thetics" on Thursday nights was started at the Paris Cat Jazz Club.

In the late 1980s and 1990s numerous weekend jazz festivals were organised. In 1991 it contributed a contemporary segment to the Montsalvat International Festival of Jazz. The Melbourne Women's Jazz Festival was founded in 1997 and run by the organisation until 2003, when it was handed over to independent Festival Management, while still contributing some events.

In 2008 the 25th anniversary of the organisation was celebrated with a benefit concert which included many performers, including the Bennetts Lane Big Band performing the award-winning jazz composition by Eugene Ball, *Fool Poet's Portion* suite. Other performers included Guitarists Ren Walters and Steve Magnusson, Saxophonist Jamie Oehlers and pianist Marc Hannaford as a duo, Mark Fitzgibbon solo piano set, performances from trios led by Allan Browne and Rob Burke, and the eight piece Mike Nock project.

Since presenting the Browne-Costello-Grabowsky Trio at its inaugural concert in January 1983, the Melbourne Jazz Co-op has presented hundreds of performances featuring many of Australia's most respected musicians, from Melbourne and interstate, as well as a number of international artists who otherwise may not have performed in Melbourne. In 2009, the Melbourne Jazz Co-op presented 152 performances featuring over 130 ensembles.

## InfoBox

| Melbourne Jazz Co-operative | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | jazz |
| Dates | 1982 |
| Location(s) | Melbourne |
| Years active | Since 1982 |
| Founders | Martin Jackson, Jamie Fielding & others |
| Website | http://www.mjc.org.au |


title: Weidevenne

abstract: Weidevenne is a district of Purmerend in the Netherlands, west of the Noordhollandsch Kanaal across from the De Gors district. Its 14,451 inhabitants mainly live in terraced houses. The population of Purmerend is expected to grow to 90,000, mainly due to the continuing expansion of Weidevenne. In November 2007 the district celebrated its tenth anniversary.

text:
# Weidevenne

52°29.83′N 4°56.33′E / 52.49717°N 4.93883°E / 52.49717; 4.93883

**Weidevenne** () is a district of Purmerend in the Netherlands, west of the Noordhollandsch Kanaal (North Holland Canal) across from the De Gors district. Its 14,451 inhabitants (as of 1-1-2007) mainly live in terraced houses. The population of Purmerend is expected to grow to 90,000, mainly due to the continuing expansion of Weidevenne. In November 2007 the district celebrated its tenth anniversary.

## Amenities

At the centre of the district is a shopping center with supermarkets and various specialty shops selling a variety of goods e.g. household articles and toys. An outpatient clinic, providing medical and dental care as well as speech therapy and physical therapy, and *Weidekerkhuis*, an ecumenical meetinghouse, are also situated in the district center. In December 2007 the Weidevenne railway station opened, where trains from Hoorn stop en route to Zaandam and Amsterdam.


title: Herbert Schnoor

abstract: Herbert Schnoor was a German politician and lawyer.

text:
# Herbert Schnoor

**Herbert Schnoor** (1 June 1927 – 20 June 2021) was a German politician and lawyer.

## Biography

Schnoor was born in Aurich on 1 June 1927. In 1944, he was conscripted into the Reich Labour Service before a brief stint in the military in World War II. After the war, he studied law, earning his doctorate in 1959. He began working in the government of North Rhine-Westphalia in the Ministry of Land and the Ministry of Culture. He also spent a brief time in the Federal Ministry of Health. For one year, he was director of personnel in North Rhine-Westphalia's Ministry of the Interior.

Schnoor joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1965. He was appointed State Secretary for Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1970 by Heinz Kühn. Five years later, he was appointed head of the Staatskanzlei des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Following SPD victories in the region in 1980, he succeeded Burkhard Hirsch to become Minister of the Interior. During his tenure, he followed moderate policies and rejected the use of force. In doing so, he allocated political popularity for himself and became one of the most energetic members in the cabinet of Minister-President Johannes Rau. However, he was criticized for his response to violence which occurred during a visit by United States President George H. W. Bush. He also drew backlash for his handling of the Gladbeck hostage crisis, when he did not use anti-terrorist resources available to him and delayed police deployment. In February 1989, at the request of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, he appeared before a parliamentary commission in Düsseldorf regarding the case. However, he retained his position until July 1995. He was notably welcoming of Yazidis into North Rhine-Westphalia and traveled to Turkey in 1989 to give a report on the minority's persecution.

Following his resignation, Schnoor worked as a lawyer. He died on 20 June 2021 at the age of 94.

## Distinctions

## InfoBox

| Herbert Schnoor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia | |
| **In office**
4 June 1980  17 July 1995 | |
| Head of the Staatskanzlei des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen | |
| **In office**
4 June 1975  4 June 1980 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 June 1927
Aurich, Germany |
| Died | 20 June 2021(2021-06-20) (aged 94)
Werder, Germany |
| Political party | SPD |
|  | |


title: Hemiconus leroyi

abstract: Hemiconus leroyi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

text:
# Hemiconus leroyi

***Hemiconus leroyi*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in France.

* Tracey S., Craig B., Belliard L. & Gain O. (2017). One, four or forty species? - early Conidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) that led to a radiation and biodiversity peak in the late Lutetian Eocene of the Cotentin, NW France. Carnets de Voyages Paléontologiques dans le Bassin Anglo-Parisien. 3: 1-38

## InfoBox

| *Hemiconus leroyi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Conidae |
| Genus: | *Hemiconus* |
| Species: | ***H. leroyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hemiconus leroyi***<br>Tracey & Craig, 2017 | |
|


title: Heartland (1989 TV series)

abstract: Heartland is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from March 20, 1989, until June 12, 1989. The series stars Brian Keith as an old-fashioned Nebraska farmer who moves in with his daughter, son-in-law and their family. Keith's real-life daughter Daisy Keith plays one of his grandchildren. The show was created by Don Reo, and was produced by Impact Zone Productions in association with Witt/Thomas Productions and distributed by TeleVentures.

text:
# Heartland (1989 TV series)

***Heartland*** is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from March 20, 1989, until June 12, 1989. The series stars Brian Keith as an old-fashioned Nebraska farmer who moves in with his daughter (Katie Layman), son-in-law (Richard Gilliland) and their family. Keith's real-life daughter Daisy Keith plays one of his grandchildren. The show was created by Don Reo, and was produced by Impact Zone Productions in association with Witt/Thomas Productions and distributed by TeleVentures.

## Premise

An old-fashioned farmer, B. L. McCutcheon, loses his farm and has to move in with his daughter's family in the fictional rural town of Pritchard, Nebraska.

## Cast

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | U.S. viewers
(millions) | Rating/share
(households) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Tornado" | Terry Hughes | Don Reo | March 20, 1989 (1989-03-20) | 17.9 | 12.4/19 |
| The Staffords refuse an offer from an agribusiness representative. A tornado hits the farm. | | | | | | | |
| 2 | "B.L. Moves Out" | Terry Hughes | Don Reo | March 27, 1989 (1989-03-27) | 13.2 | 9.6/15 |
| B.L. and Tom have a fight and B.L. runs from the house. Johnny goes skinny-dipping. | | | | | | | |
| 3 | "Johnny Goes to California" | Steve Zuckerman | Don Reo | April 3, 1989 (1989-04-03) | 11.8 | 8.6/13 |
| Johnny plans a road trip to California. | | | | | | | |
| 4 | "Gus Sees a Dead Guy" | Steve Zuckerman | Don Reo | April 10, 1989 (1989-04-10) | 13.3 | 9.5/15 |
| Gus sees his first dead body at a funeral. Johnny doesn't trust Kim's new boyfriend. | | | | | | | |
| 5 | "Girl Wrestler" | Andy Cadiff | Don Reo & Judith D. Allison | April 17, 1989 (1989-04-17) | 14.3 | 9.8/16 |
| Gus quits the wrestling team when a girl joins the team. | | | | | | | |
| 6 | "Life and Death" | Steve Zuckerman | Don Reo | April 24, 1989 (1989-04-24) | 11.8 | 8.2/14 |
| Casey thinks she is pregnant. Johnny goes deer hunting. | | | | | | | |
| 7 | "The Sky Is Falling" | Unknown | Unknown | May 1, 1989 (1989-05-01) | 13.9 | 10.1/16 |
| One of the Staffords' sheep is killed when an airplane falls out of the sky. | | | | | | | |
| 8 | "The Dog Story" | Zane Busby | Don Reo & Judith D. Allison | May 8, 1989 (1989-05-08) | 12.0 | 8.9/14 |
| Johnny falls in love with a farmer's daughter. | | | | | | | |
| 9 | "No Place Like Home" | Andy Cadiff | Julia Newton | May 22, 1989 (1989-05-22) | 12.2 | 9.0/16 |
| Tom attends an auction. B.L. accompanies Kim on her trip to New York City to apply to Juilliard. | | | | | | | |
| 10 | "The Wild One" | Unknown | Unknown | June 12, 1989 (1989-06-12) | 11.9 | 8.4/15 |
| Tom and B.L. have to share a bed when they go for a trip to Kansas. Johnny buys an old motorbike. | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Heartland* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Don Reo |
| Starring | Brian Keith
Richard Gilliland
Katie Layman |
| Opening theme | performed by Dion DiMucci |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 10 |
| Production | |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies | Impact Zone Productions
Witt/Thomas Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | March 20 (1989-03-20)
June 12, 1989 (1989-06-12) |


title: Greenwoods Corner

abstract: Greenwoods Corner is an Auckland neighbourhood located within the suburb of Epsom, situated to the south of Newmarket and to the north of Royal Oak, at the intersection of Pah Road and Manukau Road. It is settled in the lee of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and serves as a convenient launching point for the area's many attractions. Greenwoods Corner shopping village is made up of a collection of small enterprises: restaurants, cafés, and retail businesses.

text:
# Greenwoods Corner

**Greenwoods Corner** is an Auckland neighbourhood located within the suburb of Epsom, situated to the south of Newmarket and to the north of Royal Oak, at the intersection of Pah Road and Manukau Road. It is settled in the lee of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and serves as a convenient launching point for the area's many attractions.

Greenwoods Corner shopping village is made up of a collection of small enterprises: restaurants, cafés, and retail businesses.

## History

Greenwoods Corner was named after an early English landowner, Mr William Greenwood, who purchased the six acres that became Greenwoods Corner for 43 pounds, 5 shillings, and 8 pence in 1842. Greenwood built a homestead on a triangular section and sold the remaining land to a syndicate for a subdivision in 1909. The Greenwood family kept the homestead for 110 years, a significant period of time considering Auckland's short history as a city.

During its early development Greenwoods Corner was defined by Manukau Road on the east, Pah Road on the west, and Mount Albert Road at its base (south). Southern Epsom was rural at the time of the first homestead of Greenwoods Corner and was characterized by green fields and grazing cattle. Originally two Norfolk pines framed the Greenwood Homestead at the triangle in the road, as defining features of the community. Both the pines and the homestead were pulled down by the city for a road widening and improvement scheme in 1954 and the Auckland Savings Bank now stands in the homestead's place.

### Politics

Greenwoods Corner falls within the Maungakiekie constituency for the Parliament. In terms of local government, Greenwoods Corner comes under the Albert-Eden Local Board, of Auckland Council. The Albert-Eden Local Board includes the suburbs of Waterview, Point Chevalier, Sandringham, Mount Albert, Morningside, Owairaka, Balmoral, Kingsland, Mount Eden, Epsom and Greenlane.

## Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill

The dominant landmark for Greenwoods Corner is **Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill** one of Auckland's many volcanic peaks. Maungakiekie is Auckland's third largest volcanic peak at 183 metres high with three craters. Maungakiekie was the largest and most important Māori  in pre-European time, and was famed for kumara gardens covering 1,000 hectares.

## Local Personalities

**Mr William Greenwood (1806–1895)** was born in Brighton, England, but spent his early life in Bradford, Yorkshire. He travelled to Wellington, New Zealand in September 1840 before moving to Auckland after an earthquake hit Wellington. Greenwood was a stonemason by trade and was engaged by the government to build old St Paul's Church, completed in 1844. Greenwood's trowel was used by Governor Hobson when he laid the first foundation stone of St Paul's Church; the trowel was later presented to the city of Auckland by George S. Graham on behalf of Greenwood in 1894. It is now in the collection of the Auckland Art Gallery.

**Sir John Logan Campbell (1817–1912)**

John Logan Campbell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, but chose not to practice and instead was drawn overseas first to New South Wales in Australia and then on to New Zealand. Dr John Logan Campbell purchased 1,000 acre suburban farm located at Maungakiekie in September 1853, which he renamed One Tree Hill.

Dr Campbell made his name through different business enterprises and his political life, serving on more than 40 committees, boards, trusts or directorates over the space of five decades. He also served as Mayor for Auckland for three months during the Royal visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall in 1901. The visit prompted Campbell to donate part of his estate, 230 acres of One Tree Hill, to the nation and calling this Cornwall Park in honour of the future king. The following year Dr Campbell was made a Bachelor Knight on the day intended as the coronation day of Edward VII, 26 June 1902.

Sir John Logan Campbell died on 22 June 1912, he was survived by his wife, most of their children had predeceased them both. The city of Auckland considered it the passing of one of their patriarchs.

36°54′00″S 174°46′23″E / 36.89999°S 174.77309°E / -36.89999; 174.77309


title: Global Communications Conference

abstract: The Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) is an annual international academic conference organised by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' Communications Society. The first GLOBECOM was organised by the Communications Society's predecessor in 1957, with the full name of "National Symposium on Global Communications". The seventh GLOBECOM, in 1965 was called the "IEEE Communications Convention" and after that the conference was renamed as the International Conference on Communications (ICC) and GLOBECOM was no longer organised. By 1982, the need for a second annual international conference on communications was apparent, and so the IEEE National Telecommunications Conference was re-organised to be international in scope, and renamed to the "Global Communications Conference", resurrecting the GLOBECOM acronym. GLOBECOM has been held annually since. Recent GLOBECOMs have been attended by about 1,500 people. IEE has more than 400,000 members in 150 countries.

text:
# Global Communications Conference

The **Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)** is an annual international academic conference organised by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' Communications Society. The first GLOBECOM was organised by the Communications Society's predecessor in 1957, with the full name of "National Symposium on Global Communications". The seventh GLOBECOM, in 1965 was called the "IEEE Communications Convention" and after that the conference was renamed as the International Conference on Communications (ICC) and GLOBECOM was no longer organised.

By 1982, the need for a second annual international conference on communications was apparent, and so the IEEE National Telecommunications Conference was re-organised to be international in scope, and renamed to the "Global Communications Conference", resurrecting the GLOBECOM acronym. GLOBECOM has been held annually since.

Recent GLOBECOMs have been attended by about 1,500 people. IEE has more than 400,000 members in 150 countries.

## Past and Upcoming Conferences

| History of the GLOBECOM conference | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | City | Country (Region) | Date |
| 2026 | Macao | China | 7-11 December |
| 2025 | Taipei | Taiwan | 8-12 December |
| 2024 | Cape Town | South Africa | 8-12 December |
|
| 2023 | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 4-8 December |
| 2022 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 4-8 December |
| 2021 | Madrid | Spain | 7-11 December |
| 2020 | Taipei | Taiwan | 7-11 December |
| 2019 | Waikoloa, Hawaii | United States of America | 9-13 December |
| 2018 | Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | 9-13 December |
| 2017 | Singapore | Singapore | 4-8 December |
| 2016 | Washington D.C. | United States of America | 4-8 December |
| 2015 | San Diego | United States of America | 6-10 December |
| 2014 | Austin | United States of America | 8-12 December |
| 2013 | Atlanta | United States of America | 9-13 December |
| 2012 | Anaheim | United States of America | 3-7 December |
| 2011 | Houston | United States of America | 5-9 December |
| 2010 | Miami | United States of America | 6-10 December |
| 2009 | Honolulu | United States of America | 30 November - 4 December |
| 2008 | New Orleans | United States of America | 30 November - 4 December |
| 2007 | Washington, D.C. | United States of America | 26-30 November |
| 2006 | San Francisco | United States of America | 27 November - 1 December |
| 2005 | St. Louis | United States of America | 28 November - 2 December |
| 2004 | Dallas | United States of America | 29 November - 3 December |
| 2003 | San Francisco | United States of America | 1-5 December |
| 2002 | Taipei | Taiwan | 17-21 November |
| 2001 | San Antonio | United States of America | 25-29 November |
| 2000 | San Francisco | United States of America | 27 November - 1 December |
| 1999 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 5-9 December |
| 1998 | Sydney | Australia | 8-12 November |
| 1997 | Phoenix, Arizona | United States of America | 3-8 November |
| 1996 | London | United Kingdom | 18-22 November |
| 1995 | Singapore | Singapore | 14-16 November |
| 1994 | San Francisco | United States of America | 28 November - 2 December |
| 1993 | Houston | United States of America | 29 November - 2 December |
| 1992 | Orlando, Florida | United States of America | 6-9 December |
| 1991 | Phoenix, Arizona | United States of America | 2-5 November |
| 1990 | San Diego | United States of America | 2-5 December |
| 1989 | Dallas | United States of America | 27-30 November |
| 1988 | Hollywood, Florida | United States of America | 28 November - 1 December |
| 1987 | Tokyo | Japan | 15-18 November |
| 1986 | Houston | United States of America | 2-4 December |
| 1985 | New Orleans | United States of America | 2-5 December |
| 1984 | Atlanta | United States of America | 26-29 November |
| 1983 | San Diego | United States of America | 28 November - 1 December |
| 1982 | Miami | United States of America | 29 November - 2 December |
|


title: Khanh Hoa FC (1976)

abstract: Khatoco Khánh Hoà was a Vietnamese football club based in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa. They played in the top division in Vietnamese football, V.League 1, before being rebranded as Khanh Hoa FC in 2012. Their home stadium is Nha Trang Stadium.

text:
# Khanh Hoa FC (1976)

**Khatoco Khánh Hoà** was a Vietnamese football club based in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa. They played in the top division in Vietnamese football, V.League 1, before being rebranded as Khanh Hoa FC in 2012. Their home stadium is Nha Trang Stadium.

## History

### Beginnings

The predecessor of the team was **Phu Khanh football team**, established in 1976. Is an amateur football team representing the Phu Khanh province. Team started participating in Vietnam Football Championship since 1980 and achieved good results for many consecutive seasons. In National Football Championship 1987, the team reached the semi-finals and placed 4th.

At the end of Class Division 1989, the team was placed in the A1 League. In the same year, the province Phu Khanh split into two provinces Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa, the team was transferred to Khanh Hoa province to manage under the name. **Khanh Hoa football team**. In the 1991 season, the team competed successfully and won promotion. However, the team could not maintain its form in the fifth season Vietnam National Football Championship 1992, and had to accept to play again in the A1 League. The team returned to play in Vietnam National Football Championship 1995 and maintained its position in the following seasons.

At 2000-2001 V-League, the team had the worst performance in the tournament with only 7 points after 18 matches (1 win, 4 matches). draws and 13 losses), scored 15 goals and conceded 36 goals. But in those 15 goals, Dang Dao, the team's main striker, held up to 11 goals that the team scored. This poor result also affected the First Division in the 2001–2002 season. Due to a player crisis, the team had a bad performance and had to be relegated to the Second Division next year.

In 2004 season, under the sponsorship of Khanh Viet Corporation of the manager Nguyen Xuan Hoang, the team played quite successfully and won the championship Second Division, won a place to compete in First Division.

On 1 November 2004, the team officially switched to a professional football club model when the Provincial People's Committee Khanh Hoa officially handed over the team to Khanh Viet Corporation under the name of new is **Khatoco Khanh Hoa Football Club**.

At First Division 2005, the team successfully competed with 41 points, including 12 wins, 5 draws and 5 losses, gaining the right to compete at V.League. Despite winning the First Division championship, the team's number of wins was even less than Tien Giang.

In the professional tournament, right in the first season Khatoco Khanh Hoa attended, The team ranked 6th and won the style award. In the following seasons, the team often dived in the middle of the rankings, sometimes even ranked 11th. The club's best performance in this period was 4th place in 2010.

### Model Transformation and Dissolution

During 7 years of playing with a semi-professional model, in early December 2011, the project to establish Khanh Hoa Football Joint Stock Company was approved by the People's Committee of Khanh Hoa province, completely transforming the club. Khanh Hoa football from a semi-professional model to a professional model. However, after the end of the 2012 season, due to financial difficulties, the club's leadership decided to sell the 2013 V.League ticket to Vicem Haiphong, along with many players of the first team, only a few pillars and the coaching staff were retained to supplement the reserves squad. The team also decided to withdraw from the 2013 V.League 2.

## Notable players

## Achievements

### National competitions

League

### Other competitions

## Managers

## InfoBox

Khatoco Khánh Hoà
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| --- | --- |
| Full name | Khatoco Khánh Hoà Football Club |
| Founded | 1976 (1976) as *Phú Khánh* |
| Dissolved | 2012 (2012) |
| Ground | Nha Trang Stadium
Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam |
| Capacity | 25,000 |
| Final season
2012 |
V.League, 10th |
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