title: Richie Rich (1996 TV series)

abstract: Richie Rich is a 1996 animated television series produced by Harvey Films and Film Roman and distributed by Claster Television. It is based on the Harvey Comics character of the same name. It aired for one season, and also includes select Harveytoons shorts. Unlike the Hanna-Barbera version which depicted a somewhat older Richie closer to adolescence, this revival series was more faithful to the comics, as Richie Rich appeared in his original form as a younger child in his tuxedo and shorts.

text:
# Richie Rich (1996 TV series)

***Richie Rich*** is a 1996 animated television series produced by Harvey Films and Film Roman and distributed by Claster Television. It is based on the Harvey Comics character of the same name. It aired for one season, and also includes select Harveytoons shorts. Unlike the Hanna-Barbera version which depicted a somewhat older Richie closer to adolescence, this revival series was more faithful to the comics, as Richie Rich appeared in his original form as a younger child in his tuxedo and shorts.

## Plot

## Voices

## Crew

## Episodes

13 episodes were produced:

1. One of a Kind/Herman and Katnip: Will Do Mousework (1956)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: The Seapreme Court (1954, public domain) (aired on September 14, 1996)
2. Nothing to Hiccup At/Harveytoons: Cat Tamale featuring Herman and Katnip (1952)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Dawg Gone (1958) (aired on September 21, 1996)
3. Richie's Great Race/Herman and Katnip: Of Mice and Menace (1954)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: The Case of the Cockeyed Canary (1952, Academy Award-submitted short) (aired on September 28, 1996)
4. Girls Only/Herman and Katnip: Mice Capades (1952, Academy Award-submitted short)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Dizzy Dishes (1954, Academy Award-submitted short) (aired on October 5, 1996)
5. Rich and Chocolatey/Herman and Katnip: From Mad to Worse (1957)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Audrey the Rainmaker (1951, banned cameo character, Aunt Petunia, cut) (aired on October 26, 1996)
6. Richie's Circus/Herman and Katnip: Drinks on the Mouse (1953)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Surf Bored (1953) (aired on October 12, 1996)
7. Dognapped/Harveytoons: Mice Paradise featuring Herman (1951)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Law and Audrey (1952) (aired on October 19, 1996)
8. Back in the Saddle/Harveytoons: City Kitty (1952)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Little Audrey Riding Hood (1955) (aired on November 2, 1996)
9. Roughin' It (a.k.a. Pampered Campers)/Herman and Katnip: Mousier Herman (1955, Academy Award-submitted short)/Harvey Girls featuring Little Audrey: Fishing Tackler (1957) (aired on November 9, 1996)
10. Bugged Out/Herman and Katnip: Mousestro Herman (1956, Academy Award-submitted short)/Modern Madcaps: T.V. Fuddlehead (1959, Academy Award-submitted short) (aired on November 16, 1996)
11. Invasion of the Cadbury Robots (a.k.a. Cadbury Overload)/Herman and Katnip: Felineous Assault (1959, Academy Award-submitted short)/Harveytoons: Feast and Furious featuring Finny (aired on November 23, 1996)
12. The Love Potion/Harveytoons: Mice Meeting You featuring Herman (1950)/Harveytoons featuring Jolly the Clown (an updated Koko the Clown): Jolly the Clown (1957) (aired on November 30, 1996)
13. Cleaned Out/Back in the Saddle (rerun)/Rich and Chocolatey (rerun) (aired on December 7, 1996)

## Syndication

Minisodes of the show are available for streaming for free in the US on Sony owned Crackle. In addition, all full-length episodes (except "Cleaned Out") are available to watch on Amazon Video as *The Richie Rich Collection*.

1. Perlmutter, David (2018). *The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows*. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 503–504. ISBN 978-1538103739.
2. Erickson, Hal (2005). *Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003* (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 665–666. ISBN 978-1476665993.

## InfoBox

| *Richie Rich* | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | Warren Kremer |
| Based on | Richie Rich
by |
| Starring | Katie Leigh
René Auberjonois
Jeannie Elias
Patrick Fraley
Martin Jarvis
Susan Silo |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies | Jeffrey A. Montgomery Productions
The Harvey Entertainment Company
Film Roman |
| Original release | |
| Network | Syndication |
| Release | September 14 (1996-09-14)
December 7, 1996 (1996-12-07) |


title: Richie Rich (designer)

abstract: Richard Eichhorn, professionally known as Richie Rich, is an American fashion designer, television personality, figure skater, singer, actor and author. During the 1990s, he was part of the original group of New York City club personalities named The Club Kids. Rich was born in the New York Metropolitan Area and at a young age, his family relocated to San Francisco Bay Area where he began studying theater and competing in figure skating. In 1999, Rich and Traver Rains founded the fashion brand, Heatherette.

text:
# Richie Rich (designer)

**Richard Eichhorn**, professionally known as **Richie Rich**, is an American fashion designer, television personality, figure skater, singer, actor and author. During the 1990s, he was part of the original group of New York City club personalities named The Club Kids.

Rich was born in the New York Metropolitan Area and at a young age, his family relocated to San Francisco Bay Area where he began studying theater and competing in figure skating.

In 1999, Rich and Traver Rains founded the fashion brand, Heatherette.

## Early life and discovery

Rich was born in New Jersey and relocated to California at 12 years old, and was raised in San Francisco Bay Area. The nickname “Richie Rich” derived from the teasing of other children.

Rich began figure skating at a young age with the famous Ice Capades. During his teen years, Rich would sneak out of his house to the club One Step Beyond and started go-go dancing at Club I-Beam in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood.

In the fall of 1992, Julie Jules encouraged Rich to enter the “Club Kid Style Summit” contest. Rich entered and won a trip to New York City to host the opening of Club USA on December 17, 1992.

## Early career

### Ice Capades

While training under coach Christy Kjarsgaard Ness, trainer of Kristi Yamaguchi for the Olympics, Rich was scouted to tour as a skating performer with the Ice Capades under the choreography of two-time Emmy winner Sarah Kawahara. Kawahara's choreography subjects include Peggy Fleming, the 2002 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, Will Ferrell in *Blades of Glory* and Margot Robbie in *I, Tonya*.

### Original Club Kid

As a club kid in the '90s and a fixture of The Limelight, Rich created a name for himself attending parties with Michael Alig and DJ Keoki, drawing attention with his theatrical clown-punk makeup and over-the-top outfits that he made himself.

The New York club kids of the early ’90s picked up where Studio 54 left off. Gay kids, trans kids, fashion freaks and art weirdoes all converged nightly in cult Manhattan hotspots like Danceteria and The Limelight. They would wear outrageous outfits and party to thumping house music.

## Fashion

### Heatherette

The name Heatherette was inspired by an opera singer named Heather and the song by Grace Jones: "Warm Leatherette".

Heatherette was launched in 2001, with a runway show during New York Fashion Week featuring a video by photographer, David LaChapelle, starring Amanda Lepore for a collaboration with MAC Cosmetics. Heatherette continued as a part of the official New York Fashion Week 16 times over a period of 9 years.

Heatherette has been featured in publications such as *Vogue, Teen Vogue, Vanity Fair, GQ, Time, Newsweek, Glamour, Elle, People, Paper, Rolling Stone, Billboard, Trace, , WWD, New York Times,* and others.

### MAC Cosmetics

On March 20, 2008, a collaboration collection with MAC Cosmetics, called "Heatherette for MAC", was released and includes illustrations of Traver Rains and Richie Rich on the cardboard packaging. The limited edition line included much more than the original collaboration. The full line included powders, lipsticks, eye shadows, eye pencils, glitter, and nail polish.

### A\*Muse, Popluxe, Villionaire

In 2008 Rich showed the line at the Waldorf Astoria New York Ballroom, titled "Richie Rich", with a guest appearance by Pamela Anderson. Inspired by his longtime friend, Rich and Anderson launched a capsule collection playfully titled *A\*Muse.*

The limited collection included t-shirts and swimsuits featuring images of Anderson and Rich. They launched a fashion tour, titled A\*muse, in New Zealand, Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto, Miami, and Chicago.

Rich went on to launch two collections with former business partner and fashion executive, Keri Ingvarsson and with Chris Coffee of Gotham Beauty called *Popluxe.*

*Popluxe* debuted at Lincoln Center during New York's Mercedes Benz Fashion Week, with a guest runway appearance by Ellen DeGeneres.

The second collection, called *Villionaire*, premiered at New York's Hammerstein Ballroom with runway appearances by Johnny Weir and MTV's JWoww.

**RICHERETTE by Richie Rich**

Richerette is an evolved version of Heatherette ,defining pop-culture fashion for the bold and individual. Playful, eye-catching collections with a wink to nostalgia.

## Television

In addition to appearances on the talk show circuit as a Club Kid, Joan Rivers, Geraldo and Phil Donahue. Rich was a featured role as himself on the Ashton Kutcher-produced WB series, The Beautiful Life, guest judged on multiple iterations of *Top Model* (America, Canada, Germany), *Project Runway* (America, Canada, Germany) and has appeared on various other shows such as MTV's *My Super Sweet 16*, *Made*, *TRL*, VH1's *Supergroup*, *Basketball Wives*, *The Fabulous Life of...* (Pamela Anderson and Nicky Hilton), *The Anna Nicole Show* on E!, MTV News, Logo TV, *the Tonight Show*, *The Tyra Banks Show*, *The Today Show*, *Good Day New York* Live, NBC's Fashion on Ice Live, appearance on Impraktical Jokers .

Filmography

## Discography

| Single | Single details | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Love You a Million" | Released: 1994 Format: Vinyl 12"
Label: Unique NY Records Inc. | *Love You a Million (1994)* |
| "Magic" | Released: 1998 Format: CD, Maxi-Single, Vinyl 12"
Label: Swoon Records | *Non-album single* |
| "Collision" | Released: 1999 Format: CD, Maxi-Single, Vinyl 12", Remixes
Label: Swoon Records | *Collision (1999)* |
| "Celebutante" | Released: 2008 Format: CDr, Compilation, Promo
Label: Defend Music Inc. | *Richie Rich Presents: Celebutante (2008)* |

## InfoBox

| Richie Rich | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Richard Eichhorn
New Jersey, United States |
| Occupations | * Fashion designer * television personality * figure skater * singer |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Label | Heatherette |


title: HMS Grafton (H89)

abstract: HMS Grafton (H89) was a G-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the mid-1930s. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 the ship spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the non-intervention measures agreed by Britain and France. After the beginning of World War II she was transferred from the Mediterranean Fleet to Great Britain for escort and contraband inspection duties. Grafton was refitting when the Norwegian Campaign began in April 1940, but the ship escorted convoys to Norway once her refit was completed. She evacuated British troops from the Dunkirk bridgehead in May, but was sunk by a German submarine after she stopped to rescue survivors from another British destroyer.

text:
# HMS Grafton (H89)

**HMS *Grafton* (H89)** was a G-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the mid-1930s. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 the ship spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the non-intervention measures agreed by Britain and France. After the beginning of World War II she was transferred from the Mediterranean Fleet to Great Britain for escort and contraband inspection duties. *Grafton* was refitting when the Norwegian Campaign began in April 1940, but the ship escorted convoys to Norway once her refit was completed. She evacuated British troops from the Dunkirk bridgehead in May, but was sunk by a German submarine after she stopped to rescue survivors from another British destroyer.

## Description

*Grafton* displaced 1,350 long tons (1,370 ) at standard load and 1,883 long tons (1,913 t) at deep load. The ship had an overall length of 323 feet (98.5 m), a beam of 33 feet (10.1 m) and a draught of 12 feet 5 inches (3.8 m). She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts which developed a total of 34,000 shaft horsepower (25,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum boilers. *Grafton* carried a maximum of 470 long tons (480 t) of fuel oil that gave her a range of 5,530 nautical miles (10,240 km; 6,360 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). The ship's complement was 137 officers and ratings in peacetime, but in increased to 146 in wartime.

The ship mounted four 45-calibre 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts. For anti-aircraft defence *Grafton* had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) Vickers Mark III machine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes. One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.

## Service

*Grafton* was laid down by John I. Thornycroft & Company, at Woolston, Hampshire on 30 August 1934, launched on 18 September 1935 and completed on 20 March 1936. Excluding government-furnished equipment like the armament, the ship cost £248,485. Aside from a brief period when she was assigned to the 20th Destroyer Flotilla after her commissioning, *Grafton* spent the prewar period assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla with the Mediterranean Fleet. Between 10 August and 9 September 1936, together with *Glowworm*, she escorted the yacht *Nahlin* as King Edward VIII cruised the eastern Mediterranean. Afterwards *Grafton* patrolled Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War enforcing the policies of the Non-Intervention Committee. The ship was refitting in Malta when World War II began in September 1939.

*Grafton* and three of her sisters were transferred to the Western Approaches Command at Plymouth in October. The following month, however, the ship was reassigned at the end of the month to the 22nd Destroyer Flotilla in Harwich of the Nore Command for patrol and escort duties. On 10 January 1940, she was transferred to the reconstituted 1st Destroyer Flotilla, also based at Harwich, where *Grafton* inspected ships travelling between German and Dutch ports for contraband. Between 26 March and 14 April the ship was given a brief overhaul in Hull in the shipyard of Brigham and Cowan. As the Norwegian Campaign had begun while *Grafton* was refitting, she was reassigned to the Home Fleet where she escorted convoys to Norway until 11 May.

### Operation Dynamo

During the Siege of Calais, *Grafton* escorted the light cruisers *Arethusa* and *Galatea* as they provided naval gunfire support for the 30th Motor Brigade on 26 May. The following day she evacuated over 1,600 troops from the beaches of La Panne and Bray, northeast of Dunkirk. On the morning of 29 May, she stopped to rescue survivors from the destroyer *Wakeful*, which had been torpedoed and sunk earlier that morning by the German E-boat *S-30*. While rescuing survivors from *Wakeful* off Nieuwpoort, Belgium, *Grafton* was struck in the stern by a torpedo from the German submarine *U-62*. This seriously damaged the ship, and also triggered a secondary explosion which damaged the bridge, killing the captain and another officer. Thirteen ratings and the canteen manager were also killed. The ship's back was broken, but she remained afloat long enough for all survivors to be rescued by the destroyer *Ivanhoe* and the transport *Malines*. *Ivanhoe* sank *Grafton* with naval gunfire, as she was too badly damaged to be towed to safety.

## Footnotes

1. Whitley, pp. 107–108
2. English, p. 89
3. English, p. 141
4. English, pp. 89–90
5. "The King's Holiday". *The Scotsman*. No. 29077. Edinburgh. 6 August 1936. p. 8. Retrieved 21 May 2023  via British Newspaper Archive.
6. English, pp. 97–98
7. Haarr, p. 254
8. English, p. 98
* English, John (1993). *Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s*. Kendal, England: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-64-9.
* Haarr, Geirr H. (2010). *The Battle for Norway: April–June 1940*. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-051-1.
* Whitley, M. J. (1988). *Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.
* Winser, John de D. (1999). *B.E.F. Ships Before, At and After Dunkirk*. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-91-6.

51°24′N 2°49′E / 51.400°N 2.817°E / 51.400; 2.817

## InfoBox

| *Grafton* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Grafton* |
| Ordered | 5 March 1934 |
| Builder | John I. Thornycroft & Company, Woolston |
| Laid down | 30 August 1934 |
| Launched | 18 September 1935 |
| Commissioned | 20 March 1936 |
| Identification | Pennant number: H89 |
| Motto | *Decus pretutis pretium*: 'Glory is the reward of valour' |
| Fate |  |
| Badge | On a Field Green, a Lion's mask Gold, crowned Silver, with collar red and silver |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Class and type | G-class destroyer |
| Displacement |  |
| Length | 323 ft (98.5 m) |
| Beam | 33 ft (10.1 m) |
| Draught | 12 ft 5 in (3.8 m) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 geared steam turbines |
| Speed | 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) |
| Range | 5,530 nmi (10,240 km; 6,360 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement | 137 (peacetime), 146 (wartime) |
| Armament |  |


title: Muhammad Shaaban

abstract: Muhammad Shaaban was a career Egyptian diplomat who served as the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, until July 2012. He was appointed to the position by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in February 2007. Shaaban has acquired extensive knowledge about the United Nations. From 1984 to 1988, he served as Egypt's representative to the Second Committee of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and several intergovernmental bodies and committees. Between 1985 and 1986, he acted as the Coordinator of the "Group of 77" developing countries and China. A seasoned diplomat, Shaaban served his government in various diplomatic capacities. From 1993 to 1997, he was Ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg and Head of Egypt's Permanent Mission to the European Union in Brussels. In the following year, he served as Assistant Foreign Minister for African Affairs. Between 1998 and 2000, he was Ambassador to Denmark and Lithuania. From 2000 to 2001, he was Assistant Minister for Information, Research and Assessment and National Coordinator for Information, Research and Assessment. In the following three years, he served as Assistant Foreign Minister for European Affairs. Shaaban has been National Coordinator for Reform Initiatives in the Middle East since 2004. In this capacity, he maintained relations with his foreign partners and coordinated with various departments in the Egyptian government as well as political parties and civil society. He also advised the Foreign Minister on various issues. He obtained his Ph.D. in political science and his Master of Arts in international relations from Brussels University and since 2002 has been a visiting lecturer at the Diplomatic Academy of London at the University of Westminster. He speaks fluent English and French and has fair knowledge of Portuguese and Spanish.

text:
# Muhammad Shaaban

**Muhammad Shaaban** (born 13 June 1942) was a career Egyptian diplomat who served as the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, until July 2012. He was appointed to the position by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in February 2007.

Shaaban has acquired extensive knowledge about the United Nations. From 1984 to 1988, he served as Egypt's representative to the Second Committee of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and several intergovernmental bodies and committees. Between 1985 and 1986, he acted as the Coordinator of the "Group of 77" developing countries and China.

A seasoned diplomat, Shaaban served his government in various diplomatic capacities. From 1993 to 1997, he was Ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg and Head of Egypt's Permanent Mission to the European Union in Brussels. In the following year, he served as Assistant Foreign Minister for African Affairs. Between 1998 and 2000, he was Ambassador to Denmark and Lithuania. From 2000 to 2001, he was Assistant Minister for Information, Research and Assessment and National Coordinator for Information, Research and Assessment. In the following three years, he served as Assistant Foreign Minister for European Affairs.

Shaaban has been National Coordinator for Reform Initiatives in the Middle East since 2004. In this capacity, he maintained relations with his foreign partners and coordinated with various departments in the Egyptian government as well as political parties and civil society. He also advised the Foreign Minister on various issues.

He obtained his Ph.D. in political science and his Master of Arts in international relations from Brussels University and since 2002 has been a visiting lecturer at the Diplomatic Academy of London at the University of Westminster. He speaks fluent English and French and has fair knowledge of Portuguese and Spanish.


title: Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra

abstract: The Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra is an orchestra composed of Ukrainian refugees who have fled the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Ukrainian members of other European orchestras. Canadian conductor Keri-Lynn Wilson, who has Ukrainian ancestry, provided the impetus for the creation of the Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra, which the Metropolitan Opera of New York and the Polish National Opera immediately supported as a gesture of solidarity with the victims of the war in Ukraine.

text:
# Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra

The **Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra** is an orchestra composed of Ukrainian refugees who have fled the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Ukrainian members of other European orchestras. Canadian conductor Keri-Lynn Wilson, who has Ukrainian ancestry, provided the impetus for the creation of the Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra, which the Metropolitan Opera of New York and the Polish National Opera immediately supported as a gesture of solidarity with the victims of the war in Ukraine.

## History

The 74 musicians, all Ukrainians – recent refugees, Ukrainian members from some European orchestras (e.g. Tonkünstler Orchestra, Belgian National Orchestra and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra) and some of the top musicians of Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Odesa and elsewhere in Ukraine – assembled in Warsaw 10 days before the inaugural concert for intensive rehearsals. The inaugural concert was held in Warsaw on July 28 (2022) at the Polish National Opera. The programme of this concert included the *7th Symphony* by the Ukrainian composer Valentyn Silvestrov, Frédéric Chopin’s *Piano Concerto No. 2* (soloist: Anna Fedorova), Leonore's aria *Abscheulicher! Wo eilst du hin?* from Beethoven’s opera *Fidelio* (soloist: Liudmyla Monastyrska) and the *4th Symphony in E-minor* by Johannes Brahms. On July 31 the Orchestra performed the same programme at the 2022 BBC Proms, a performance that was hailed by *The Guardian* as "highly impressive and deeply moving".

The Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra continued its world concert tour with concerts in the United Kingdom – Edinburgh (Edinburgh International Festival) and Snape (Snape Maltings, Suffolk), Germany – Munich (Isar Philharmonic Hall), Berlin (Konzerthaus) and Hamburg (Elbphilharmonie), France – Orange (Chorégies d'Orange Festival, Vaucluse), Netherlands – Amsterdam (Royal Concertgebouw Festival) and Ireland – Dublin (National Concert Hall). In European cultural capitals, the orchestra was greeted with standing ovations and positive reviews from critics. The tour concluded with concerts in New York (Lincoln Center) on August 18 and 19, 2022 and in Washington, DC (Kennedy Center) on August 20. *The New York Times* acclaimed the Lincoln Center performance as "admirably even-keeled and soft-spoken, an embodiment of a cultured nation".

> "I wanted to bring together Ukraine’s best orchestral musicians from home and abroad to demonstrate a proud artistic unity.
> We are fighting on the cultural front for the freedom of Ukraine."
>
> Keri-Lynn Wilson


title: Oakly Park

abstract: Oakly Park, Bromfield, Shropshire, England is a country house dating from the 18th century. In the early 19th century, the house was restored and extended by Charles Robert Cockerell, Surveyor to the Bank of England for his friend Robert Henry Clive. The private home of the Earls of Plymouth, Oakly Park is a Grade II* listed building.

text:
# Oakly Park

**Oakly Park**, Bromfield, Shropshire, England is a country house dating from the 18th century. In the early 19th century, the house was restored and extended by Charles Robert Cockerell, Surveyor to the Bank of England for his friend Robert Henry Clive. The private home of the Earls of Plymouth, Oakly Park is a Grade II\* listed building.

## History

The origins of the present house are a mansion rebuilt and extended by William Baker for the 1st Earl of Powis in the mid-18th century. In 1771, Powis sold the estate to Robert Clive, Clive of India, who engaged William Haycock to undertake rebuilding. Following Clive's death in 1774, his son, Edward, engaged Haycock's son, John Hiram Haycock to undertake further extensions for Clive's mother, Margaret, who continued to live at the property until her death in 1817. By the time of his mother's death, Edward had been created Earl of Powis, having married Henrietta Herbert, daughter of the Henry Herbert who had sold the Oakly estate to his father. Having inherited Powis Castle through his wife, he had little need for Oakly and its use passed to his second son, Robert.

Elected Member of Parliament for Ludlow in 1818, the following year Clive commissioned his friend Charles Robert Cockerell to remodel the house. Clive and Cockerell had toured Europe together, and co-founded the Travellers Club in Pall Mall. Cockerell's subsequent work on the excavations at Bassae in Greece provided inspiration for some of the decoration at Oakly Park. Work on the house was undertaken in two stages, between 1819 and 1826, and a second phase from 1836.

Oakly Park remains the private home of the Windsor-Clive family, the house presently being home to Lord Windsor, heir to the 4th Earl of Plymouth. The house and park are not open to the public.

## Architecture and description

Oakly is of brick and ashlar, three storeys high with attics and a basement. Newman and Pevsner in their revised *Shropshire* volume of the *Buildings of England*, consider five rooms of note. The vestibule is a circular room dating from the younger Haycock's work, although Cockerell added a "saucer dome". The staircase hall is entirely his, as is the "exquisitely restrained" library. The conservatory was the last element of the first phase of building, the breakfast and dining rooms dating from the second, when Clive, by then Windsor-Clive following his marriage to Harriet Hickman, joint heiress to the Earl of Plymouth, required more space for his expanding family.

Cockerell's conservatory was demolished in the 1920s, but the remainder of the early 19th century garden and park is largely intact. Oakly Park is a Grade II\* listed building as is the garden and park in which it stands. Other listed structures within the estate, all designated Grade II, include the balustrade in the forecourt, the stables, the lodge and gates at the start of the carriage drive and a bridge on the carriage drive where it crosses the River Teme.

## Footnotes

1. Newman & Pevsner 2006, pp. 448–451.
2. Historic England. "Oakly Park (Grade II\*) (1291872)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
3. "Robert Henry Clive (1789-1854), of Oakly Park, Salop". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
4. Hamilton, Craig (23 February 2011). "Shared Enthusiasm - Oakly Park, Shropshire, the Home of Viscount and Viscountess Windsor" (PDF). Country Life.
5. "Secret Shropshire" (PDF). Royal Academy. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
6. "Oakly Park". DiCamillo. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
7. Historic England. "Oakly Park (Grade II\*) (1291872)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
8. "Oakly Park and Gardens". Shropshire County Council. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
9. Historic England. "Oakly Park park and garden (Grade II\*) (1001131)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
10. Historic England. "Balustrade and retaining wall to the east of Oakly Park (Grade II) (1281977)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
11. Historic England. "Stable complex 200M to the south of Oakly Park (Grade II) (1218686)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
12. Historic England. "Oakly Park Lodge (Grade II) (1218684)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
13. Historic England. "Oakly Park Lodge railings, piers and gates (Grade II) (1202850)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
14. Historic England. "Bridge over River Teme on Oakly Park Drive (Grade II) (1218663)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 January 2021.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Oakly Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | House |
| Location | Bromfield, Shropshire |
| Coordinates | 52°23′00″N 2°45′21″W / 52.3832°N 2.7559°W / 52.3832; -2.7559 |
| Built | 18th century, restored and extended 1819-1836 |
| Architect | Charles Robert Cockerell |
| Architectural style(s) | Neoclassical |
| Owner | Robert Clive (1789–1854) |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II\* | |
| Official name | Oakly Park |
| Designated | 12 November 1954 |
| Reference no. | 1291872 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Oakly Park Lodge |
| Designated | 12 November 1954 |
| Reference no. | 1218684 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Stable Complex, 200M south of Oakly Park |
| Designated | 9 August 1993 |
| Reference no. | 1218686 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Balustrade and retaining wall east of Oakly Park |
| Designated | 9 August 1993 |
| Reference no. | 1281977 |
|  | |
| National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens | |
| Official name | Oakly Park Park and Garden |
| Designated | 1 December 1986 |
| Reference no. | 1001131 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Oakly Park in Shropshire | |


title: WPTQ

abstract: WPTQ is a radio station licensed to Glasgow, Kentucky, United States, and serving the Bowling Green, Kentucky radio market area. The station is a classic rock-formatted radio station owned by Newberry Broadcasting, Inc. Its radio signal is transmitted from a tower located along Kentucky Route 1297 in rural western Barren County near Railton, with studios located on on McIntosh Street near US 231 on the south side of Bowling Green.

text:
# WPTQ

**WPTQ** (105.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Glasgow, Kentucky, United States, and serving the Bowling Green, Kentucky radio market area. The station is a classic rock-formatted radio station owned by Newberry Broadcasting, Inc. Its radio signal is transmitted from a tower located along Kentucky Route 1297 in rural western Barren County near Railton, with studios located on on McIntosh Street near US 231 on the south side of Bowling Green.

## History

Originally licensed in Horse Cave, Kentucky, the station's construction permit was issued under the callsign WLMK in 1991. The station's callsign was changed to WXPC in 1993, the year before the station's first air date; it first signed on the air on September 19, 1994. It began broadcasting as an Oldies–formatted station.

In 1997, the station, along with sister stations WHHT, WOVO, WCDS (now WWKU), along with four other stations in Kentucky, were acquired by a new business venture named Commonwealth Broadcasting Corporation, formed by Steve Newberry and former Kentucky governor Brereton Jones. The following year, the station moved to the 103.7 MHz frequency in a frequency trade with WHHT; along with the frequency change, the station switched to its present-day classic rock format, and adopted its current callsign of WPTQ.

On October 22, 2012, WPTQ and its classic rock format was relocated to the Glasgow-licensed 105.3 FM frequency previously held by WOVO; that station and its adult contemporary format now holds the Horse Cave-licensed 106.3 FM frequency. The 103.7 MHz frequency has been returned to WHHT after that station wss displaced from that frequency in 1998.

On February 16, 2014, WPTQ launched an active rock format on its HD2 sub channel, branded as "98.3 The Edge", which is relayed on Bowling Green-licensed FM translator W252CV, at 98.3 FM.

## HD digital radio

The station's HD Digital radio signal is multiplexed in the following manner.

| Frequency
and subchannels | Callsign | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 105.3 FM
105.3-1 HD | WPTQ
WPTQ-HD1 | Simulcast of the traditional analog FM signal / Classic rock |
| 105.3-2 | WPTQ-HD2 | W252CV / 98.3 The Edge
Active rock |
| 105.3-3 | WPTQ-HD3 | Simulcast of WWKU / ESPN Radio 1450 |
|

### HD radio subchannel history

This station began broadcasting on February 17, 2014, as a new active rock station, branded as 98.3 The Edge. The launch of WPTQ-HD2 made WPTQ the first radio station in the Bowling Green radio market to multi-cast their HD radio signal. The subchannel is simulcast over an analog low-powered FM translator W252CV to make the HD radio subchannel available to those who do not own an HD Radio set. The effective radiated power of the translator is limited to 250 watts in order to avoid interference with WQXE in nearby Elizabethtown, Kentucky, which is also run at 98.3 Megahertz.

Since February 2016, the programming of W252CV has also been simulcast at 100.1 Megahertz, on translator W261BD. That translator previously simulcast WKLX's signal. Later that year, the station also began to simulcast over translator W251BT in Glasgow over 98.1 Megahertz.

## Programming

WPTQ broadcasts a classic rock music format to the Bowling Green, Kentucky, area. The format features classic rock songs from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, as well as select Active Rock songs from the 1990s and 2000s. In addition to its usual music programming, WPTQ broadcasts the games of the National Football League's Tennessee Titans through the Titans Radio Network. It is also the flagship radio station for WKU Hilltoppers football from the Hilltopper Sports Network.

### WPTQ-HD2/W252CV

As an active rock station, the station broadcasts rock hits from the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and the current decade, with only the biggest acts in rock and roll from the 1970s. *The Local Show*, which is now run on this station on Sunday nights at 7 p.m. Central time, is a local show showcasing local rock bands in southern Kentucky.

## InfoBox

WPTQ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Bowling Green, Kentucky |
| Frequency | 105.3 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | *105.3 The Point* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic rock |
| Subchannels | HD1: WPTQ analog
HD2: Active rock "98.3 The Edge"
HD3: Sports (WWKU simulcast) |
| Affiliations | Westwood One |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Commonwealth Broadcasting * (Newberry Broadcasting, Inc.) |
| Sister stations | WCDS, WHHT |
| History | |
| First air date | September 19, 1994 (1994-09-19) |
| Former call signs | WXPC (1993–1998) |
| Former frequencies | 106.7 MHz (1994–1998)
103.7 MHz (1998–2012) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 70870 |
| Class | C3 |
| ERP | 15,000 watts |
| HAAT | 132 meters (433 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 36°58′50″N 86°06′10″W / 36.98056°N 86.10278°W / 36.98056; -86.10278 |
| Translator(s) | 98.3 W252CV (Bowling Green, relays HD2) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live
Listen Live (HD2) |
| Website | 1053thepoint.com
983theedge.com (HD2) |


title: HEMPAS-CCIAS Radar

abstract: The HEMPAS-CCIAS radar is a passive radar developed by five Greek scientists.

text:
# HEMPAS-CCIAS Radar

The **HEMPAS-CCIAS radar** is a passive radar developed by five Greek scientists.

## History

In 2006 after studying and planning for six years, the team applied to the Hellenic Army to participate in a research project for the construction and development of the CCIAS system. Simply put this was a network of "passive" radars.

Later in 2006 the Ministry of Defense, Chief of General Staff and Chief of Army Staff took part in the project. The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki team made the first presentation of the system to 60 Staff Officers. Immediately after the presentation without any doubt and hesitation, the political and military leadership excited calls for scientists to move quickly. More presentations followed to all sectors of the military. On February 13, 2009 the Council of Defence Planning met and after voting 7-0 in favor of the operational necessity of the system, recommended the urgent consideration of the issue by the Council of Chiefs. The then Chief of Defence General Dimitrios Grapsas, who was a great proponent of the development of the Greek, failed to put this issue on the agenda until his retirement in August 2009. The scientific team from the University of Thessaloniki, was not put off by the retirement of General Grapsas and continued its research. The last technical problems were resolved and everything looked ready for the building of the prototype system to commence.Almost a year later, the new Chief of General Staff General Ioannis Yiagkos, informed the scientists that the matter will be reconsidered.

On April 4, 2010, the Council of Chiefs met with the new Defence Minister E. Venizelos and with a 4-0 vote adopted the proposed system as extremely necessary and urgent. On May 29, 2010, the then vice Defence Minister Panagiotis Beglitis received the complete feasibility study.

The folder containing the top secret program contained 1050 pages. The time elapsed was considerable. However, the team of five scientists had received no answer. In June 2010 they sent letters to the Prime Minister and to the leader of the Opposition, to be aware of the situation.

Meanwhile, three foreign countries are interested to finance the program, but the scientists do not want to sell it. The status of the project is currently unknown.

## Abilities

* It can see without emitting and therefore remaining undetected, at a range of 400 km.
* It can identify helicopters and aircraft even under complete electronic mute, i.e. without their radars emitting anything.
* It can identify aircraft of stealth technology and real-time takeoffs of fighter aircraft from enemy bases.
* It can passively monitor islets.


title: Fox Point, Wisconsin

abstract: Fox Point is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 6,934 at the 2020 census. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, Fox Point is one of the North Shore suburbs of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The village is primarily residential. Shopping centers include Fox Point Shops, and RiverPoint Shopping Center.

text:
# Fox Point, Wisconsin

**Fox Point** is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 6,934 at the 2020 census.

Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, Fox Point is one of the North Shore suburbs of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The village is primarily residential. Shopping centers include Fox Point Shops, and RiverPoint Shopping Center.

## History

The Fox Point area has been inhabited for thousands of years. The earliest known inhabitants were Woodland period Mound Builders, who constructed earthen effigy and burial mounds in the area. Many of the mounds were destroyed by white farmers between 1850 and 1920. In the early 19th century, archaeologists also found traces of several Hopewell villages in the area.

The land was opened to European and American settlers in the 1830s, after the Potawatomi signed the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. The first survey of the area was conducted later that year, and the U.S. Federal Government began land parcels in present-day Fox Point in autumn 1835. Surveyors in the mid-nineteenth century noted a point that resembled a fox's snout jutting into Lake Michigan at the present location of Doctor's Park in the village. They originally called it "Foxes Point" before residents eventually shortened it to "Fox Point."

The land was organized as part of the Town of Milwaukee in 1835, and much of the land was bought by land speculators, who cleared the old-growth forests for timber. The first permanent settler in the area was Cephas Buttles, who owned 160 acres in the Town of Milwaukee and built a cabin in present-day River Hills in 1843. In the mid-1840s, many families of Dutch settlers began arriving in the Town of Milwaukee. John Cappon was the first Dutch settler in Fox Point, building his cabin in 1846. By 1855, more than 20 Dutch families lived in Fox Point. The early settlers farmed the land with new techniques that allowed them to cultivate wheat, barley, rye, and corn in the clayey soil. In 1848, they built a one one-room schoolhouses and another two in 1852, including the Old Dutch Schoolhouse Site and Burial Ground, which is a Milwaukee County landmark. Two Dutch Reformed congregations formed in the community in its early years. The community's demographics changed later in the nineteenth century. One of Fox Point's first black residents was Calvin Reeves, a formerly enslaved man from Louisiana who moved to the community after the American Civil War with two Dutch-American soldiers returning home from the conflict. German immigrants also began moving to Fox Point in the 1860s, forming St. John's Lutheran Church in 1866.

Fox Point changed significantly in the 1890s. Many of the originally Dutch farmers had moved to the City of Milwaukee and to the southern Sheboygan County Town of Holland, and the villages of Oostburg and Cedar Grove. By 1898, the Dutch churches had disbanded. But at the same time, wealthy Milwaukeeans were building summer homes in the lakeside community, which was easily accessible via the Lakeshore & Western Railroad constructed in 1870 and later via the Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company streetcars. In 1898, the Fox Point Club—the state's second golf course—opened in the community, and attracted even more wealthy residents to the area, serving as a social center.

The rural Town of Milwaukee did not provide electricity, running water, sewage, or garbage collection, and by the 1920s, Fox Point's increasingly wealthy residents wanted a higher standard of municipal service. Fox Point incorporated as a village in 1926, formed a school district in 1927, and began creating municipal parks, including Doctors Park on the Lake Michigan shore, which opened in 1930 and was transferred to the Milwaukee County parks system in 1937.

Although the late 1920s saw a short-lived building boom before the Great Depression, the population remained in the hundreds through World War II. But the village dramatically grew during the post-war boom with the population increasing from 1,180 in 1940 to 7,939 in 1970, a nearly seven-fold increase. The village also gained territory in 1954, when Bayside, Fox Point, Glendale, and River Hills agreed to annex what remained of the Town of Milwaukee to prevent the City of Milwaukee from expanding across northeastern Milwaukee County.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.90 square miles (7.51 km2), all of it land.

### Climate

Fox Point, situated within the humid continental climate zone (Köppen prefix D), experiences distinct seasonal variation, with wide swings in temperature and precipitation. The village's immediate proximity to Lake Michigan makes it susceptible to lake-effect snow in the winter months.

The warmest month of the year in Fox Point is July, with a high temperature average of 84 °F (28.9 °C) and low temperatures of 64 °F (17.8 °C). The summer months are the wettest months of the year, with frequent thunderstorms in the region. January is the coldest month, with average high temperatures averaging only 30 °F (-1.1 °C), and lows averaging 14 °F (-10 °C). February is the driest month.

| Climate data for Mequon, Wisconsin | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 30
(−1) | 34
(1) | 45
(7) | 58
(14) | 69
(21) | 79
(26) | 84
(29) | 81
(27) | 74
(23) | 61
(16) | 47
(8) | 34
(1) | 58
(14) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 14
(−10) | 17
(−8) | 26
(−3) | 37
(3) | 48
(9) | 58
(14) | 64
(18) | 62
(17) | 53
(12) | 41
(5) | 30
(−1) | 19
(−7) | 39
(4) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.38
(35) | 1.35
(34) | 1.62
(41) | 3.36
(85) | 3.29
(84) | 4.04
(103) | 3.70
(94) | 3.74
(95) | 3.20
(81) | 2.31
(59) | 2.35
(60) | 1.55
(39) | 31.89
(810) |
| Source: The Weather Channel | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 474 |  |  |
| 1940 | 1,180 |  | 148.9% |
| 1950 | 2,585 |  | 119.1% |
| 1960 | 7,315 |  | 183.0% |
| 1970 | 7,939 |  | 8.5% |
| 1980 | 7,649 |  | −3.7% |
| 1990 | 7,238 |  | −5.4% |
| 2000 | 7,012 |  | −3.1% |
| 2010 | 6,701 |  | −4.4% |
| 2020 | 6,934 |  | 3.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 6,701 people, 2,747 households, and 1,859 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,310.7 inhabitants per square mile (892.2/km2). There were 2,928 housing units at an average density of 1,009.7 per square mile (389.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 91.5% White, 2.8% African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.7% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 2,747 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the village was 45.6 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,012 people, 2,825 households, and 1,988 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,399 people per square mile (927.2/km2). There were 2,910 housing units at an average density of 995.7 per square mile (384.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.55% White, 1.21% African American, 0.11% Native American, 2.14% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.

There were 2,825 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $80,572, and the median income for a family was $94,348. Males had a median income of $77,850 versus $38,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $48,469. About 1.8% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Arts and culture

### Sites on the National Register of Historic Places

## Government

The government of the Village of Fox Point consists of a Village Board, and various other boards, commissions and committees. The Village operates under the Village-Manager form of government. The Board consists of six trustees and a President, who are elected to serve three-year terms. The current President is Christine Symchych, whose term will expire in 2026. The current Village Manager is Scott Botcher, who has served since 2015. The Board has three committees: a finance committee of three members, which oversees economic matters; an audit committee with three trustees and two residents who assist the finance committee; and a three-member administration committee, which oversees new village laws. Other committees, boards, and commissions include the plan commission, board of appeals, board of police commissioners, board of reviews, the building board, board of ethics, the fair housing commission, and the historic preservation committee. In Fox Point, the President also appoints a trustee and a resident to serve on the board of the North Shore Public Library.

The Village participates in several shared municipal services, including the North Shore Fire Department, North Shore Dispatch, North Shore Library, and the North Shore Health Department.

In the Wisconsin State Senate, Fox Point is part of the 8th Senate District, held by Republican Dan Knodl, while Democrat Deb Andraca represents the village in the Wisconsin Assembly. At the federal level, Fox Point is represented in Congress by Rep. Gwen Moore, a Democrat.

## Education

For students in kindergarten through 8th grade, Fox Point is part of two public school districts: the Fox Point-Bayside School District and the Maple Dale-Indian Hill School District. Both school districts are feeders for Nicolet High School. St. Eugene Catholic Grade School, a private Catholic school serving students from preschool through 8th grade, is also located in the village, as is Fox Point Preschool, part of Fox Point Lutheran Church, the Milwaukee Jewish Day School, the Bader Hillel Academy, and the Jewish Beginnings Lubavitch Preschool. Portions of Cardinal Stritch University's campus are located within village boundaries, though the university's official mailing address is in Glendale.

The North Shore Public Library serves the community. Its board is a multi-municipal body with representatives from Fox Point, Bayside, Glendale, and River Hills. The library is a member of the Milwaukee County Federated Library System, and it therefore serves residents from across Milwaukee County.

## InfoBox

| Fox Point, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Village entrance | |
| Location of Fox Point in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. | |
| Coordinates: 43°9′37″N 87°54′14″W / 43.16028°N 87.90389°W / 43.16028; -87.90389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Milwaukee |
| Incorporated | 1926 |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.86 sq mi (7.41 km2) |
| Land | 2.86 sq mi (7.41 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 686 ft (209 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 6,934 |
| Density | 2,424/sq mi (936/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 414 |
| FIPS code | 55-27075 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1565227 |
| Website | villageoffoxpoint.com |
|  | |


title: Miguel Mansur

abstract: Miguel José Mansur is an Aruban politician of the Accion 21 party. He was elected a Senator of the Parliament of Aruba in the elections of 25 June 2021. He was the top vote getter amongst new candidates and fifth overall of 176 candidates participating.

text:
# Miguel Mansur

**Miguel José Mansur** (born 15 July 1977) is an Aruban politician of the Accion 21 party. He was elected a Senator of the Parliament of Aruba in the elections of 25 June 2021. He was the top vote getter amongst new candidates and fifth overall of 176 candidates participating.

## Early life and education

Mansur was born to Madeline Arends, former Miss Tivoli 1967, the daughter of Lieutenant Governor (*Gezaghebber)* Eric "Tushi" Arends and M.E.I. "Betsy" Arends whose family emigrated from the Netherlands in the 1700s. His father Miguel José Mansur, Sr. is an affluent businessman from a well-known Aruban merchant family of Lebanese descent and former President of the Chamber of Commerce. He is the grandson of Elias Mansur, an important local businessman of the 20th century whose family settled in Aruba since 1902 and who was condecorated Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau. His paternal grandmother was Damia S. Mawad of a prominent Zgharta noble family and cousin to assassinated Lebanese President René Moawad. He is the nephew of former Minister of Economic Affairs and Tourism E.F. "Don" Mansur.

His primary education was in the English language at Seroe Colorado School, later renamed International School of Aruba. At the age of fourteen he went to boarding school at the prestigious Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland where he graduated with the *Prix D'Excellence* in 1995. He studied economics and international relations in the United States where he graduated from Tufts University. Prior to returning to his native Aruba in October 2020, Mansur resided in Miami, Escazú, Madrid, Ibiza, Sydney, London, Amsterdam and Boston.

## Career

An investor turned politician inspired by an article he published during the coronavirus pandemic, "Status Aparte: The Road to Prosperity or Poverty?" on 18 July 2020. Mansur critically assessed Aruba's performance since gaining self-governing autonomy, known as *Status Aparte*, on 1 January 1986 by comparing real economic growth with growth in the national debt. The poor performance of successive Aruban governments since 2001 prompted his entry into politics, thereby founding the liberal progressive Accion 21 party on 18 December 2020. Following the elections of 25 June 2021, he swore in as a Senator of Aruba on 8 July 2021 and is currently Leader of the parliamentary faction of Accion 21 in the Parliament of Aruba.

Prior to his entry into politics he was President of Capitable, a Florida limited liability company that manages investments in the self-service laundry industry and real estate.

## Political positions

### Economy/Finance

Mansur campaigned heavily on fiscal reform and is a strong proponent of adopting a Singapore model of economic development based on territorial taxation. He is also a strong advocate of reducing the size and costs of the public sector and increasing labor flexibility.

### Humans Rights

As the first openly gay party leader in Aruba, Mansur and his party unequivocally advocate for equal rights for the LGBT community including marriage equality.

### Immigration

His party campaigned for the regularization of the roughly 20,000 undocumented persons in Aruba and their integration into the formal economy and society.

### Netherlands

He campaigned for closer relations to the Netherlands and is a supporter of the *Landspakket* or country agreement between Aruba and the Netherlands.

### Social Policy

His stances are very progressive and his party was the first to include abortion and euthanasia as part of its platform along with the legalization of recreational cannabis.

1. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-07.
2. Elizette (2021-05-07). "Accion 21 a entrega su lista na Censo". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
3. NoticiaCla (2021-07-01). "Nombernan di parlamentarionan cu tin cu huramenta otro siman, ta conoci". *NoticiaCla*. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
4. Rafael (2021-06-29). "Miguel Mansur ta e votegetter entre candidatonan nobo". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
5. https://www.censo.aw/main/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Besluit-van-het-hoofdstembureau-tot-vaststelling-van-de-uitslag-der-verkiezing-van-de-leden-van-de-Staten.pdf
6. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe di Curacao : weekblad voor de Curacaosche eilanden". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-07.
7. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe di Curacao : weekblad voor de Curacaosche eilanden". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-07.
8. "Historia di Aruba - Eloy Arends Manor". *www.historiadiaruba.aw*. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
9. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
10. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe di Curacao : weekblad voor de Curacaosche eilanden". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
11. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe di Curacao : weekblad voor de Curacaosche eilanden". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
12. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
13. "Gevonden in Delpher - Amigoe". *www.delpher.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
14. Eindredactie. "Opinie: Autonomie Aruba: de weg naar welvaart of armoede?". *Antilliaans Dagblad* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
15. "Sopi Mix Studio: Sopi Mix/Den Cayente #003 - "Politica ta Cruel" on Apple Podcasts". *Apple Podcasts*. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
16. Patrick (2020-07-18). "Status Aparte: Caminda pa prosperidad of pobresa?". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
17. Elizette (2020-12-18). "Miguel Mansur a funda Partido Accion 21 oficialmente". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
18. Tango (2021-07-07). "Miguel Mansur ta cla pa e reto". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
19. Eindredactie. "Opinie: Autonomie Aruba: de weg naar welvaart of armoede?". *Antilliaans Dagblad* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
20. "Plan di Partido – Accion 21". Retrieved 2022-01-20.
21. Elizette (2021-08-20). "Miguel Mansur (Accion 21): Gobierno ta sigui manca nos economia". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
22. Pinto, Juan Luis (2021-12-30). "Miguel Mansur: E propio sector publico costoso ta stroba economia di por crece y diversifica". *Bon Dia Aruba | Noticia di Aruba*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
23. Pinto, Juan Luis (2021-12-20). "CAft y Miguel Mansur ta de acuerdo: Sin aplicacion di mecanismo den e BVP no por cumpli cu reduccion structural di gasto di personal publico". *Bon Dia Aruba | Noticia di Aruba*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
24. "Thank you political candidates for coming forward". *1 Noticia*. 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
25. Elizette (2021-08-20). "Miguel Mansur (Accion 21): Gobierno ta sigui manca nos economia". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
26. Pinto, Juan Luis (2021-02-26). "Miguel Mansur (ACCION 21): Comunidad receptivo pa union civil pa parehanan di mesun sexo". *Bon Dia Aruba | Noticia di Aruba*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
27. Pinto, Juan Luis (2021-08-18). "Minister President a contesta preguntanan di Parlamentario Miguel Mansur: "Parlamentarionan mester ta cauteloso y usa informacion corecto"". *Bon Dia Aruba | Noticia di Aruba*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
28. Elizette (2021-08-20). "Miguel Mansur (Accion 21): Gobierno ta sigui manca nos economia". *24ora.com*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
29. Pinto, Juan Luis (2020-11-05). "Miguel Mansur di partido 'Futuro Nobo': 'Prome partido liberal na Aruba contra politica tradicional'". *Bon Dia Aruba | Noticia di Aruba*. Retrieved 2022-01-21.

## InfoBox

| Miguel Mansur | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Leader of the Accion 21 in the Parliament of Aruba 2021 | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
8 July 2021 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Miguel José Mansur
(1977-07-15) 15 July 1977
Oranjestad, Aruba |
| Political party | Accion 21 |
| Education | Tufts University |
|  | |


title: George Addleshaw

abstract: George William Outram Addleshaw was an Anglican cleric who was Dean of Chester in the third quarter of the 20th century. He was born in 1906 in Gorefield Vicarage, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, the son of Canon Stanley Addleshaw. He was educated at Bromsgrove and Trinity College, Oxford. Ordained in 1931, he was initially a Curate at Highfield Parish Church, Southampton. Following this he became Vice Principal of St Chad's College, Durham, then a Canon Residentiary at York Minster before his elevation to the Deanery of Chester. A man with extensive knowledge of church architecture, he died on 14 June 1982. In the 1950s, Addleshaw was living at 10 Precentor's Court, adjacent to York Minster.

text:
# George Addleshaw

**George William Outram Addleshaw** (1 December 1906 – 14 June 1982) was an Anglican cleric who was Dean of Chester in the third quarter of the 20th century.

He was born in 1906 in Gorefield Vicarage, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, the son of Canon Stanley Addleshaw. He was educated at Bromsgrove and Trinity College, Oxford. Ordained in 1931, he was initially a Curate at Highfield Parish Church, Southampton. Following this he became Vice Principal of St Chad's College, Durham, then a Canon Residentiary at York Minster before his elevation to the Deanery of Chester. A man with extensive knowledge of church architecture, he died on 14 June 1982.

In the 1950s, Addleshaw was living at 10 Precentor's Court, adjacent to York Minster.


title: Profundal zone

abstract: The profundal zone is the deep zone of a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The temperature difference may be large enough to hamper mixing with the littoral zone in some seasons which causes a decrease in oxygen concentrations. The profundal is often defined, as the deepest, vegetation-free, and muddy zone of the lacustrine benthal. The profundal zone is often part of the aphotic zone. Sediment in the profundal zone primarily comprises silt and mud.

text:
# Profundal zone

The **profundal zone** is the deep zone of a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The temperature difference may be large enough to hamper mixing with the littoral zone in some seasons which causes a decrease in oxygen concentrations. The profundal is often defined, as the deepest, vegetation-free, and muddy zone of the lacustrine benthal. The profundal zone is often part of the aphotic zone. Sediment in the profundal zone primarily comprises silt and mud.

## Organisms

The lack of light and oxygen in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal macrofauna is therefore characterized by physiological and behavioural adaptations to low oxygen concentration. While benthic fauna differs between lakes, Chironomidae and Oligochaetae often dominate the benthic fauna of the profundal zone because they possess hemoglobin-like molecules to extract oxygen from poorly oxygenated water. Due to the low productivity of the profundal zone, organisms rely on detritus sinking from the photic zone. Species richness in the profundal zone is often similar to that in the limnetic zone. Microbial levels in the profundal benthos are higher than those in the littoral benthos, potentially due to a smaller average sediment particle size. Benthic macroinvertebrates are believed to be regulated by top-down pressure.

## Nutrient cycling

Nutrient fluxes in the profundal zone are primarily driven by release from the benthos. The anoxic nature of the profundal zone drives ammonia release from benthic sediment. This can drive phytoplankton production, to the point of a phytoplankton bloom, and create toxic conditions for many organisms, particularly at a high pH. Hypolimnetic anoxia can also contribute to buildups of iron, manganese, and sulfide in the profundal zone.


title: Julie Staver

abstract: Julia Ann "Julie" Staver is a former field hockey player from the United States, who was a member of the national team that won the bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She had previously qualified for the 1980 Olympic team but did not compete due to the Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia. As consolation, she was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal many years later.

text:
# Julie Staver

**Julia Ann "Julie" Staver** (born April 4, 1952, in Hershey, Pennsylvania) is a former field hockey player from the United States, who was a member of the national team that won the bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She had previously qualified for the 1980 Olympic team but did not compete due to the Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia. As consolation, she was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal many years later.

## Biography

Julie Staver was the University of Pennsylvania's outstanding athlete when women's athletics was accorded varsity team status in the early 1970s.

The recipient of the Father's Trophy as UPenn's outstanding senior woman athlete in 1974, she was an All-American in field hockey (1973) and lacrosse (1973, 1974). Staver captained the 1980 U.S. Olympic field hockey team, and was a co-captain of the 1984 bronze medal-winning Olympic team. She played on numerous U.S. national field hockey and lacrosse teams throughout the 1970s and 1980s, including field hockey World Cup teams in 1979 and 1982, and was inducted into the U.S. Field Hockey Association Hall of Fame in 1989.

Staver returned to UPenn after graduation to study for a degree in veterinary medicine, which she received in 1982. The field hockey and lacrosse programs now annually present the Julie Staver Award to the outstanding athlete who competes in both sports.

## InfoBox

Julie Staver
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Julia Ann Staver |
| Born | April 4, 1952 (1952-04-04) (age 72)<br>Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Medal record      Women's Field Hockey  Representing  the  United States   Olympic Games  1984 Los Angeles  Team competition | |


title: Mihransitad

abstract: Mihransitad was an Iranian nobleman from the House of Mihran, who often served as an adviser and diplomat for the Sasanian Empire.

text:
# Mihransitad

**Mihransitad** (also spelled **Mihran Sitad**) was an Iranian nobleman from the House of Mihran, who often served as an adviser and diplomat for the Sasanian Empire.

## Biography

Mihransitad is first mentioned around 570, when, after king Khosrow's peace treaty with the Turks, he was sent to estimate the quality of the daughter of the Turkic Khan Istämi. According to Armenian sources her name was Kayen while Persian sources states that her name was Qaqim-khaqan. After Mihransitad's visit in Central Asia, Khosrow married Qaqim-khaqan. According to some sources, Hormizd IV, the successor of Khosrow, was the son of the Turkic princess. However, Encyclopædia Iranica states that the marriage with the daughter of the Turkic khaqan is chronologically impossible, and says that Hormizd was born in 540, thirty years before Khosrow's marriage. Mihransitad's son Nastuh later took part in the campaigns of Khosrow against the Byzantines.

Mihransitad is later mentioned as being retired in his hometown Ray and keeping apart from society. In 588, however, the Sasanian Empire was in chaos, and he was summoned by Hormizd IV at the urging of Nastuh. According to Ferdowsi, he told the Sasanian king that the astrologers had predicted that a certain Bahram Chobin would be the savior of Iran. He then suggested that Bahram Chobin should be summoned to the Sasanian court. The aged Mihransitad reportedly immediately died after that.

## Sources

* Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). *Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran*. London, United Kingdom: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.


title: Jump to Love

abstract: "Jump to Love" is a song recorded by Christine Anu. It was released in September 2000 as the second single from her second studio album, Come My Way (2000). The song peaked at number 58 and remained in the top 100 for 16 weeks. A second, limited edition version was released in November 2000, a double A-sided single with "My Island Home", following Anu's performance of this at the Closing ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney on 1 October.

text:
# Jump to Love

"**Jump to Love**" is a song recorded by Christine Anu. It was released in September 2000 as the second single from her second studio album, *Come My Way* (2000). The song peaked at number 58 and remained in the top 100 for 16 weeks.

A second, limited edition version was released in November 2000, a double A-sided single with "My Island Home", following Anu's performance of this at the Closing ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney on 1 October.

## Track listings

CD single 1 (MUSH019592) 1. "Jump to Love" - 3:59
2. "Come My Way" - 3:38
3. "Jump to Love" (L'more Remix) - 7:22
4. "Jump to Love" (Propaganda Klann Remix) - 4:27

CD single 2 (MUSH019962) 1. "Jump to Love (Radio Urban Mix)" - 3:34
2. "Come My Way" - 3:38
3. "Jump to Love" - 3:59
4. "Island Home"(Earth Beat) - 3:48

## Charts

| Chart (2000–2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 58 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Jump to Love" | |
| --- | --- |
| CD single cover | |
| Single by Christine Anu | |
| from the album  ***Come My Way*** | |
| A-side | "Jump to Love" |
| Released | September 2000 |
| Recorded | Megaphon Studios, Sydney, 2000 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:59 |
| Label | Mushroom Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Paul Kelly, Christine Anu, Stuart Crichton |
| Producer(s) | Stuart Crichton |
| Christine Anu singles chronology | |
| "Sunshine on a Rainy Day"
(2000) "**Jump to Love**"
(2000) "'Coz I'm Free"
(2001) | |


title: Mihrdat II

abstract: Mihrdat II, of the Arsacid dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Iberia from 249 to 265 AD. He is known exclusively from the medieval Georgian chronicles which make him either 22nd or 24th in the royal list of Iberia and merely relates that Mihrdat was the son of Bakur I. Professor Cyril Toumanoff hypothesized that there was the other Iberian king, Amazasp III, at that time, probably installed as an anti-king by Shapur I, Great King of Iran. This Amazasp is known from the Sassanid inscriptions, but is unattested in Georgian literary sources.

text:
# Mihrdat II

**Mihrdat II** (Georgian: მირდატ II, Latinized as *Mithridates*), of the Arsacid dynasty, was a king (*mepe*) of Iberia (natively known as Kartli; ancient Georgia) from 249 to 265 AD.

He is known exclusively from the medieval Georgian chronicles which make him either 22nd or 24th in the royal list of Iberia and merely relates that Mihrdat was the son of Bakur I. Professor Cyril Toumanoff hypothesized that there was the other Iberian king, Amazasp III (r. 260-265), at that time, probably installed as an anti-king by Shapur I, Great King of Iran. This Amazasp is known from the Sassanid inscriptions, but is unattested in Georgian literary sources.

## InfoBox

| Mihrdat II | |
| --- | --- |
| King of Iberia | |
| Reign | 249-265 |
| Predecessor | Bacurius I |
| Successor | Aspacures I |
|  | |
| Dynasty | Arsacid dynasty of Iberia |


title: Mihranids of Gugark

abstract: The Mihranids of Gugark were an Iranian princely dynasty, which ruled the Armeno-Iberian frontier region of Gugark from c. 330 to the 8th-century. They held the title of bidaxsh ("margrave").

text:
# Mihranids of Gugark

The **Mihranids of Gugark** were an Iranian princely dynasty, which ruled the Armeno-Iberian frontier region of Gugark from c.330 to the 8th-century. They held the title of *bidaxsh* ("margrave").

## History

Albeit the family claimed descent from the Persian Sasanian rulers of Iran, they were in reality a branch of the House of Mihran, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. Its first *bidaxsh* was Peroz, who dislodged the Gusharid *bidaxshes* of Gugark, thus initiating Mihranid rule there. During this period, the Mihranids enjoyed warm relations with the newly established Chosroid dynasty of Iberia, also a branch of the Mihranids. Peroz was the son-in-law of Mirian III, the first Christian king of Iberia. Although Peroz refused to convert to Christianity, he still remained loyal to the Iberian king. He and his followers finally converted during the rule of the Mirian III's son and successor Aspacures III (r.363?–380).

Gugark was normally subject to the Kingdom of Armenia, but fell under the authority of Iberia after the Sasanians and Romans partitioned Armenia in 387. Not much earlier, the Iberian Kingdom had fallen under the authority of the Sasanians after an invasion by the King of Kings (*shahanshah*) Shapur II (r.309–379). Varsken travelled to the Iranian court in 470, where he converted to Zoroastrianism and shifted his allegiance from the Iberian monarchy to the Sasanian Empire. As a reward for his conversion, he was given the viceroyalty of Caucasian Albania and a daughter of Peroz in marriage. Espousing his pro-Iranian position, he attempted to force his family to convert to Zoroastrianism, including his first wife Shushanik (a daughter of Vardan), which eventually resulted in her martyrdom. His policies were unacceptable to the Iberian king Vakhtang I (r.447/49–502/22), who had him killed and then revolted against Iran in 482. The *bidaxsh* Vahram-Arshusha V sided with the Sasanians during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, and was captured at the Battle of Nineveh on 12 December 627.

In the 8th-century, the lands and titles of the Mihranids was acquired by the Armenian Bagratuni princes, thus marking the end of the Mihranids of Gugark.

## List of *bidaxshes*

Based on available sources, the modern historian Cyril Toumanoff has deduced a list of the ruling Mihranid *bidaxshes* of Gugark, albeit it remains incomplete.

| Name | Reign |
| --- | --- |
| Peroz | 330–361? |
| Bakur I | after 394–430 |
| Arshusha I | after 430–? |
| Bakur II | mid 5th-century |
| Arshusha II | ?–470 |
| Varsken | 470–482 |
| Arshusha III | 482–after 540/1 |
| Arshusha IV | ca. first decade of the 7th-century |
| Vahram-Arshusha V | late 620s |
| Arshusha VI | mid 8th-century |
|

## Sources

* Bonner, Michael (2020). *The Last Empire of Iran*. New York: Gorgias Press. pp. 1–406. ISBN 978-1463206161.
* Daryaee, Touraj (2009). "Šāpur II". *Encyclopaedia Iranica*.
* Dédéyan, Gérard (2007). *History of the Armenian people*. Tolosa: Privat. ISBN 978-2-7089-6874-5.
* Kia, Mehrdad (2016). *The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia \[2 volumes\]: A Historical Encyclopedia*. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1610693912.
* Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). *The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature*. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1472425522.
* Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994). *The Making of the Georgian Nation*. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–418. ISBN 9780253209153.
* Toumanoff, Cyril (1961). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History: II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period". *Traditio*. **17**. Cambridge University Press: 1–106. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008473. JSTOR 27830424. S2CID 151524770. (registration required)
* Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). *Studies in Christian Caucasian history*. Georgetown University Press.
* Toumanoff, Cyril (1969). "Chronology of the early kings of Iberia". *Traditio*. **25**. Cambridge University Press: 1–33. doi:10.1017/S0362152900010898. JSTOR 27830864. S2CID 151472930. (registration required)

## InfoBox

| Mihranids of Gugark | |
| --- | --- |
| 330–8th-century | |
| Government | Monarchy |
| *Bidaxsh* |  |
|  | |
| 330–361? | Peroz (first) |
| mid 8th-century | Arshusha VI (last mentioned) |
|  | |
| Historical era | Middle Ages |
|  | |
| Established | 330 |
| Disestablished | 8th-century |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Mieczysławów, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Mieczysławów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzyżanów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Krzyżanów, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Kutno, and 44 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The town was the site of a large armored battle during World War II, involving the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich and elements of Polish armored units.

text:
# Mieczysławów, Łódź Voivodeship

**Mieczysławów** \[mjɛt͡ʂɨˈswavuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzyżanów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Krzyżanów, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Kutno, and 44 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

The town was the site of a large armored battle during World War II, involving the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich and elements of Polish armored units.

## InfoBox

| Mieczysławów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mieczysławów | |
| Coordinates: 52°10′41″N 19°24′49″E / 52.17806°N 19.41361°E / 52.17806; 19.41361 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Kutno |
| Gmina | Krzyżanów |


title: Trực Ninh district

abstract: Trực Ninh is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 196,765. The district covers an area of 143 km⁲. The district capital lies at Cổ Lễ.

text:
# Trực Ninh district

**Trực Ninh** is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 196,765. The district covers an area of 143 km2. The district capital lies at Cổ Lễ.

20°22′01″N 106°15′00″E / 20.367°N 106.250°E / 20.367; 106.250

## InfoBox

| Trực Ninh District Huyện Trực Ninh | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
|  | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Region | Red River Delta |
| Province | Nam Định |
| Capital | Cổ Lễ |
| Population (2003) | |
| Total | 196,765 |
| Density | 3,200/sq mi (1,237/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indochina Time) |
| Website | trucninh.namdinh.gov.vn |


title: Mika Johansson

abstract: Mika Johansson is a Finnish footballer who currently plays for FC Honka in Finnish Kakkonen.

text:
# Mika Johansson

**Mika Johansson** (born 13 March 1984) is a Finnish footballer who currently plays for FC Honka in Finnish Kakkonen.

## InfoBox

Mika Johansson
| Mika Johansson playing for HIFK in 2015 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-03-13) 13 March 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Kirkkonummi, Finland | | |
| Height | 1.92 m (6 ft 3+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | FC Honka | | |
| Number | 1 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003 | FC Jokerit | 1 | (0) |
| 2007 | HJK Helsinki | 3 | (0) |
| 2008 | Atlantis FC | 21 | (0) |
| 2009–2011 | MyPa | 25 | (0) |
| 2012 | HIFK | 24 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | FC Viikingit | 25 | (0) |
| 2014–2016 | HIFK | 15 | (0) |
| 2016– | FC Honka | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 26 June 2015 | | | |


title: TruTV (Latin American TV channel)

abstract: TruTV was a Latin American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery Entertainment. The programming schedule is centred towards reality shows. It was launched on April 1, 2009 replacing Retro. It is divided in two feeds, one in Spanish language and another one in Portuguese language, for Brazil. In July 2010, an HD feed was launched. On September 3, 2023, it was announced that TruTV would be replaced by 24/7 channel, Adult Swim on October 31. On October 31, 2023, TruTV was replaced by the 24/7 Adult Swim.

text:
# TruTV (Latin American TV channel)

**TruTV** was a Latin American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery Entertainment. The programming schedule is centred towards reality shows. It was launched on April 1, 2009 replacing Retro. It is divided in two feeds, one in Spanish language and another one in Portuguese language, for Brazil. In July 2010, an HD feed was launched.

On September 3, 2023, it was announced that TruTV would be replaced by 24/7 channel, Adult Swim on October 31.

On October 31, 2023, TruTV was replaced by the 24/7 Adult Swim.

## History

### As Retro

The channel was launched as Retro in the region by "Claxson Interactive Group Latin America & Iberia" and aired classical series and movies. In 2007, it was bought, along with I.Sat and Space by Time Warner, but continued to air the same programming. On March 25, 2009, Turner Broadcasting System announced that "Retro" would be replaced by "truTV" on April 1, 2009 in order to get a new kind of audience. "truTV" is the first channel in the region to be 24-hours of investigation-based programming. All the programming from Retro was moved to Turner Classic Movies, also owned by Time Warner.

### Transition to truTV

On April 1, 2009, at 8:30 am UTC Retro aired its last show, an episode of the classic animated series *Robotech*, called *Symphony of Light*. At 9:00 am UTC the channel changed to truTV. Since that date, the channel has been airing 24 hours without interruptions and in several countries of Latin America. The official website, however, was launched in June 2009, two months after the launch of the channel. truTV HD, a high-definition version of the channel was launched in July 2010.

In March 2015, the channel started broadcasting shows from the defunct Argentinian channel Infinito, after Turner decided to replace the channel with TNT Series due to low ratings.

In September 2016, the channel presents a new graphic image and a new logo.

### Transition to Adult Swim

On September 3, 2023, it was announced that TruTV would be replaced by the 24/7 channel, Adult Swim on October 31.

At 12:00 a.m. in Mexico (*UTC-6*), at 2:30 a.m. in Chile (*UTC-4*), from October 31, 2023, TruTV was replaced by the 24/7 channel Adult Swim being *truTV Presents: World's Dumbest...* the last show broadcast in that feed, at 3:45 a.m. in Colombia (*UTC-5*), the last show to be broadcast, was *South Beach Tow*, also as 4:25 a.m. in Ecuador (*UTC-5*) being *Hack My Life* the last show broadcast in the Ecuatorian feed, and 6:09 a.m. in Argentina (*UTC-3*) the last show broadcast was *Impractical Jokers* and TruTV was replaced by the 24/7 channel Adult Swim after airing for 14 years.

## Programming

The network has been adding more programming every month since its original launch.

## Logos

## InfoBox

TruTV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Argentina |
| Broadcast area | Latin America |
| Headquarters | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Spanish
Portuguese
English
(via SAPaudio track) |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV
(downscaled to 16:9 480i/576i for the SDTV feed) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Warner Bros. Discovery Americas |
| Sister channels | Cartoon Network
Cartoonito
Tooncast
Discovery Kids
TNT
TNT Novelas
TNT Series
I.Sat
Space
HTV
MuchMusic
Glitz
Warner TV |
| History | |
| Launched | April 1, 2009 |
| Replaced | Retro |
| Closed | October 31, 2023 |
| Replaced by | Adult Swim |
| Links | |
| Website | www.trutvla.com |


title: July 1912

abstract: The following events occurred in July 1912:

text:
# July 1912

| \<\< | July 1912 | | | | | \>\> |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
|  | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 |
| 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |  | | |
|
|

The following events occurred in **July 1912**:

## July 1, 1912 (Monday)

## July 2, 1912 (Tuesday)

## July 3, 1912 (Wednesday)

## July 4, 1912 (Thursday)

## July 5, 1912 (Friday)

* In the second fatal American railroad crash in two days, 26 people were killed and 29 injured when a freight train rear-ended a passenger train on the Ligonier Valley Railroad near the resort town of Wilpen, Pennsylvania. Most of the victims were women and children, who were returning home after a day at the Wilpen Fair Grounds.
* The first International Radiotelegraph Convention was signed in London. It would be replaced in 1927 by the Radiotelegraph General Convention.

## July 6, 1912 (Saturday)

## July 7, 1912 (Sunday)

## July 8, 1912 (Monday)

## July 9, 1912 (Tuesday)

## July 10, 1912 (Wednesday)

## July 11, 1912 (Thursday)

## July 12, 1912 (Friday)

## July 13, 1912 (Saturday)

* The United States Senate voted 55–28 to remove William Lorimer from his post as U.S. Senator from Illinois, after determining that his election by the Illinois Senate had been secured by corruption. Lorimer would earn what a U.S. Senate historian called "the dubious distinction of being the last senator to be deprived of office for corrupting a state legislature."
* Dr. Théodore Tuffier, a surgeon in France, performed the first successful surgery for aortic stenosis on a human patient, an unidentified man from Belgium. The operation went so well that the man was able to return home twelve days later, and was still doing well eight years later. The next procedure to treat narrowing of the aortic valve did not take place again until 36 years later.
* The weekly newspaper *Al-Hilal*, published by Indian Muslim activist Abul Kalam Azad to persuade Urdu-speaking Muslims to join in the move to gain independence from the United Kingdom, made its first appearance.

## July 14, 1912 (Sunday)

## July 15, 1912 (Monday)

* **Died:** Francisco Lázaro, 24, Portuguese Olympic athlete, died one day after collapsing from hyperthermia while running in the marathon at the Olympics in Stockholm, becoming the first casualty of the modern Olympic games. Lazaro had covered large portions of his body with grease to prevent sunburn, but overheated and was unable to perspire, creating a fatal electrolyte imbalance. He fell after running 30 kilometres (19 mi) of the 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi) race, as his body temperature climbed to 41 °C (106 °F). (b. 1888)

## July 16, 1912 (Tuesday)

## July 17, 1912 (Wednesday)

## July 18, 1912 (Thursday)

## July 19, 1912 (Friday)

* In the Italo-Turkish War, Turkish defenders sank two Italian torpedo boats with cannon fire after a fleet of eight Italian boats attempted to block the entrance to the Dardanelles.
* Albanian rebels agreed to a truce with Ottoman troops, after the Ottoman government agreed to send a commission of Parliament to investigate grievances in the Ottoman province.
* A large meteorite streaked over the town of Holbrook, Arizona, at 6:30 pm local time, and then exploded, showering an area six miles eastward with more than 15,000 pieces. Based on the fragments recovered, the meteor was estimated to weigh more than 400 pounds.

## July 20, 1912 (Saturday)

## July 21, 1912 (Sunday)

## July 22, 1912 (Monday)

## July 23, 1912 (Tuesday)

* The first automatic telephone exchange in the United Kingdom, replacing human operators on switchboards, was inaugurated in London by the General Post Office with a system capable of handling 1,500 lines.

## July 24, 1912 (Wednesday)

* An earthquake measuring 7.0 in magnitude rocked the Piura region in Peru, killing 101 people.
* The First International Congress on Eugenics convened in London, with 400 delegates from twelve nations. Major Leonard Darwin, one of the sons of Charles Darwin, presided over the Congress, and told delegates that "The unfit amongst men are now no longer necessarily killed off by hunger and disease, but are cherished with care, thus being enabled to reproduce their kind, however bad that may be... the effect likely to be produced by our charity on future generations is, to say the least, but weakness and folly."
* The United States Senate approved creation of a territorial legislature for Alaska, a single chamber of 16 members. The bill would be signed into law on August 24.
* **Died:** Emma Cons, 74, British activist, early promoter of women's suffrage, theater manager of The Old Vic in London (b. 1838)

## July 25, 1912 (Thursday)

## July 26, 1912 (Friday)

## July 27, 1912 (Saturday)

## July 28, 1912 (Sunday)

## July 29, 1912 (Monday)

## July 30, 1912 (Tuesday)

* The Emperor Meiji, also called Mutsuhito, died at 12:43 am after a 44-year reign as Emperor of Japan, during which the nation rose from isolationism to become a world power. Crown Prince Yoshihito of Japan was proclaimed as the Emperor Taishō after the death of his father. In Japanese history, the event marked the end of the Meiji era and the beginning of the Taishō era.
* The report of the British Court of Inquiry on the sinking of the *Titanic*, signed by the Chairman Lord Mersey, was presented to British Parliament after hearing testimony from 97 witnesses over 38 days. The Court concluded that the cause of the disaster "was due to collision with an iceberg, brought about by the excessive speed at which the ship was being navigated." On the same day, the first of the 710 *Titanic* survivors died, 21-month-old Mary Nakid, of meningitis. Millvina Dean, 16 months younger, would be the last survivor, dying on May 31, 2009.
* The ministry of the Ottoman Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha survived a vote of confidence by a margin of 113–95.
* **Died:** Juan Gualberto González, 61, President of Paraguay from 1890 to 1894 (b. 1851)

## July 31, 1912 (Wednesday)


title: George Gurney Nicol

abstract: George Gurney Mather Nicol (1856-1888) was a Sierra Leonean clergyman. He was the first African from a British colony to be educated at Cambridge University.

text:
# George Gurney Nicol

**George Gurney Mather Nicol** (1856-1888) was a Sierra Leonean clergyman. He was the first African from a British colony to be educated at Cambridge University.

## Life

George Gurney Mather Nicol was born into an elite Sierra Leone Creole family: he was a grandson of Samuel Ajayi Crowther, and the son of the mathematics teacher and clergyman George Croley Nicol. Born on 22 February 1856 at Freetown, he was educated in England, at Monkton Combe School and Sydney College, Bath. In 1879 he graduated BA from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He went on to the Church Missionary Society College, Islington and was ordained in 1883.

After graduation, Nicol returned to Sierra Leone. Like his father, he taught mathematics at Fourah Bay College, and became a Colonial Chaplain. Ordained deacon in 1883, he became a curate at Church of the Holy Trinity, Freetown. In 1885 he was ordained priest, and became Pastor of Sherbro Island.

He died on 15 August 1888.


title: George Gustavus Walker

abstract: Sir George Gustavus Walker KCB JP DL was a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP). The son of John Walker, of Crawfordton, and his wife, Jessy, he was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford. He was the Conservative MP for Dumfriesshire, elected at the 1865 general election. He lost to Liberal Sydney Waterlow at the 1868 general election, but regained his seat at a by-election in 1869 owing to the disqualification of Waterlow when he became a government contractor. Walker stepped down at the 1874 general election. John Hope-Johnstone (1842–1912) subsequently won the seat for the Tories. He was appointed KCB in 1892. He married Anne Murray Lennock, only daughter of Admiral George Gustavus Lennock. They had three sons and seven daughters, one of whom, Ethel Mary Walker, became the second wife of the Liberal politician Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne.

text:
# George Gustavus Walker

**Sir George Gustavus Walker** KCB JP DL (18 January 1830 – 5 August 1897) was a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP).

The son of John Walker, of Crawfordton, and his wife, Jessy, he was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford. He was the Conservative MP for Dumfriesshire, elected at the 1865 general election. He lost to Liberal Sydney Waterlow at the 1868 general election, but regained his seat at a by-election in 1869 owing to the disqualification of Waterlow when he became a government contractor. Walker stepped down at the 1874 general election. John Hope-Johnstone (1842–1912) subsequently won the seat for the Tories. He was appointed KCB in 1892.

He married Anne Murray Lennock, only daughter of Admiral George Gustavus Lennock. They had three sons and seven daughters, one of whom, Ethel Mary Walker, became the second wife of the Liberal politician Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne.


title: Mihir Vatsa

abstract: Mihir Kumar Jha, better known by his adopted pseudonym "Mihir Vatsa", is an Indian poet and writer. He won the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar in 2022 for his travel memoir Tales of Hazaribagh: An Intimate Exploration of Chhotanagpur Plateau. After Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, he is the second writer from Jharkhand to win the Yuva Puraskar award in English language. Tales of Hazaribagh received critical acclaim upon publication and was ranked among the top non-fiction books in 2021.

text:
# Mihir Vatsa

**Mihir Kumar Jha**, better known by his adopted pseudonym "Mihir Vatsa", is an Indian poet and writer. He won the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar in 2022 for his travel memoir *Tales of Hazaribagh: An Intimate Exploration of Chhotanagpur Plateau*. After Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, he is the second writer from Jharkhand to win the Yuva Puraskar award in English language. *Tales of Hazaribagh* received critical acclaim upon publication and was ranked among the top non-fiction books in 2021.

## Life and education

Vatsa is an alumnus of DAV Public School, Canary Hill Road, Hazaribag. He obtained his bachelor's and master's degrees in English literature from Ramjas College, University of Delhi, and is presently a doctoral fellow at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi.

## Literary career

Vatsa published his first poetry collection *Painting That Red Circle White* in 2014. A poetry chapbook *Wingman* followed in 2017 as part of a limited-edition, collaborative project *FIVE*, which also included chapbooks by poets Arjun Rajendran, Nandini Dhar, Usha Akella and Manjiri Indurkar. He has contributed poems to various Indian and international literary magazines, including *The Island Review* (UK), *Eclectica* (US), *Stand* (University of Leeds, UK), *Softblow* (Singapore), *Rattle* (US) and *Poetry at Sangam* (India), among others. His poems have been anthologized in *Eclectica Magazine Best Poetry* (Eclectica, 2016), *40 Under 40: An Anthology of Post-Globalisation Poetry* (Paperwall, 2016), *A Map Called Home* (Kitaab, 2018) and *Witness: The Red River Book of Poetry of Dissent* (Red River, 2021).

In 2013, he was conferred with the Srinivas Rayaprol Poetry Prize, administered jointly by the Srinivas Rayaprol Literary Trust and the Department of English, University of Hyderabad. In 2014, he received a Toto Funds the Arts award for Writing in English. In 2015, Vatsa was awarded the Charles Wallace Writing Fellowship at the University of Stirling, UK. At the age of 23, he became the youngest Charles Wallace Fellow in the history of the fellowship.

## Bibliography

* 2021: *Tales of Hazaribagh: An Intimate Exploration of Chhotanagpur Plateau* (Non-fiction)
* 2017: *Wingman* (Poetry)
* 2014: *Painting That Red Circle White* (Poetry)

## Awards and recognition


title: George Jeffery (politician)

abstract: George Edward Jeffery was an Australian politician who served as a Labor Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1956 to 1962, representing Suburban Province. Jeffery was born in Tumby Bay, South Australia, to Mary Dora and Charles Victor Jeffery. His parents moved to Perth, Western Australia, when he was six, and he attended Perth Boys High School and Perth Technical School. Jeffery initially entered the police force, but later trained as a chemical plumber. He joined the Australian Army in 1941, and during the war served as a sapper with the Royal Australian Engineers. Jeffery returned to plumbing after leaving the military, and served on the executive of the Plumbers' Union. He was elected to parliament at the 1956 Legislative Council election, but served only a single six-year term before being defeated by Herbert Robinson at the 1962 election. After leaving politics, Jeffery worked for periods as a legal officer, company representative, and part-time local magistrate, and also became a life member of the Swan Districts Football Club. He died in Kelmscott in 1989, aged 68.

text:
# George Jeffery (politician)

**George Edward Jeffery** (5 September 1920 – 24 July 1989) was an Australian politician who served as a Labor Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1956 to 1962, representing Suburban Province.

Jeffery was born in Tumby Bay, South Australia, to Mary Dora (née Fyfe) and Charles Victor Jeffery. His parents moved to Perth, Western Australia, when he was six, and he attended Perth Boys High School and Perth Technical School. Jeffery initially entered the police force, but later trained as a chemical plumber. He joined the Australian Army in 1941, and during the war served as a sapper with the Royal Australian Engineers. Jeffery returned to plumbing after leaving the military, and served on the executive of the Plumbers' Union. He was elected to parliament at the 1956 Legislative Council election, but served only a single six-year term before being defeated by Herbert Robinson at the 1962 election. After leaving politics, Jeffery worked for periods as a legal officer, company representative (with Burns Philp), and part-time local magistrate, and also became a life member of the Swan Districts Football Club. He died in Kelmscott in 1989, aged 68.

## InfoBox

| George Jeffery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Council
of Western Australia | |
| **In office**
22 May 1956  21 May 1962 | |
| Preceded by | Frank Gibson |
| Succeeded by | Herbert Robinson |
| Constituency | Suburban Province |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1920-09-05)5 September 1920
Tumby Bay, South Australia, Australia |
| Died | 24 July 1989(1989-07-24) (aged 68)
Kelmscott, Western Australia, Australia |
| Political party | Labor |
|  | |