title: Oscar Kashala

abstract: Dr. Oscar Kashala Lukumuena is a Boston-based scientist, clinical researcher, university professor, and senior executive in the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States of America (USA). He is a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was a reformer candidate in the 2006 presidential election and 2011 presidential elections. Kashala is the National President of the Union for the Rebuilding of Congo (UREC), a political party registered in November 2005 with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Government. UREC participated in the 2006 and 2011 presidential and legislative elections in DRC.

text:
# Oscar Kashala

**Dr. Oscar Kashala Lukumuena** (born August 4, 1954) is a Boston-based scientist, clinical researcher, university professor, and senior executive in the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States of America (USA). He is a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was a reformer candidate in the 2006 presidential election and 2011 presidential elections.

Kashala is the National President of the Union for the Rebuilding of Congo (UREC), a political party registered in November 2005 with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Government. UREC participated in the 2006 and 2011 presidential and legislative elections in DRC.

## Background and Education

Kashala graduated from Kinshasa University Medical School in 1980 with honors. Kashala previously took a leave of absence from his employers to campaign in the 2006 elections after years of residence in the United States. He ran for the Office of the President of DRC for the Presidential elections on November 28, 2011. He studied basic medical oncology and retrovirology under the guidance of Professor Myron Elmer "Max" Essex, DVM, Ph.D., the Mary Woodard Lasker Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard University, Chair of the Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, and Chair of the Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute in Gaborone, Botswana.

Kashala received security services from AQMI Strategy Corporation of Orlando, Florida, before the elections.

Kashala obtained a Cancer Biology and Retrovirology Fellowship in Boston at Harvard University. This was followed by admission into a doctoral program in Cancer Biology and Immunology in a combined degree program at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kashala received a Doctor of Science degree from Harvard University in 1992. Moreover, Kashala is a graduate of Harvard University.

Kashala held senior executive positions in the pharmaceutical industry and senior advisory positions to the various head of state in Africa. He has worked with governments both in Central and West Africa, South East Asia, and South America in matters related to public health, global security, education, foreign assistance, and international finance in countries, including Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Republic of Guinea, Senegal, The Gambia, Uganda, Thailand, Colombia, and the Philippines. He consulted on trade and commerce with firms in the private sector, government and non-government organizations, and the United States Congress, European Union, and China.

In May 2004, Kashala was invited by the Government of DRC to participate in discussion about country's development programs.

In 2005, Kashala created a political party, Union for the Rebuilding of Congo, and registered it with the government on September 21, 2005. He has assembled a team of 13 campaign advisers, who have helped him raise $52,000 in the U.S. and Europe. Kashala formally announced his candidacy at the Harvard Faculty Club in June. He spent about $100,000 of his own money to finance a presidential campaign in 2006.

UREC ran a pre-campaign that threatened the majority party led by Joseph Kabila, the then incumbent DRC President. In May 2006, thirty-two of Kashala's security detail members were accused of plotting to overthrow the interim Congo President. Kashala and the international community dismissed the allegations as a blatant attempt by Kabila's administration to intimidate him.

In the 2006 election, Kashala finished in fifth place with 4% of votes in the first round of voting, well short of Jean-Pierre Bemba's 20% and Joseph Kabila's 45%. It is believed Kashala finished third in the electoral cycle, rigged with massive fraud, irregularity, and intimidation. His campaign was meddled with by the Government that used tactics such as house arrests, arrest of his legal team members, imprisonment and torture of several UREC members, and illegal grounding of his planes. As a consequence, UREC had only 3 days to campaign in 5 of the 11 provinces of DRC, where it spent a maximum of 5 hours per province. This was in contrast to other candidates living in the country who had started campaigning several months in violation of the electoral law. Kashala was viewed as the game changer in Congolese politics.

In 2011, Kashala and his political party entered the electoral cycle arena again. Kashala instructed his teams to stop campaigning for the scheduled elections and to launch their plan for pacification of DRC due to widesprean violence and national instability across the DRC. He was the only candidate from the Congolese political opposition to have been invited by President Joseph Kabila to attend his swearing-in ceremony.

Kashala is the chairman of the Board of Global Enterprise Services Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “GLOBEX"), a holdings company with many global dealings, mainly for-profit ventures. He is the President of the Harold Michael Kashala Foundation for Health Care and Partnership, Inc., a non-profit organization devoted to human development in the least developed countries.

## Biography

Oscar Kashala was born on August 4, 1954, in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga District, from Congolese parents. Son of a retired military sergeant in the Force Publique, the Congolese Army under Belgian colonization, Oscar Kashala was raised in an environment that focused on strict discipline, Christian faith, hard work, excellence in education and family values. He excelled as a student and as a boy scout.

Kashala graduated from Kinshasa University Medical School in 1980 with honors, and trained in internal medicine and pathology at the University of Kinshasa, then at the University of Lausanne and University of Geneva Medical Schools. In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO/AFRO) awarded him a fellowship for medical oncology in Boston. Then he obtained a fellowship in cancer biology at Harvard University, Boston. This was followed by admission into a doctoral program in cancer biology and immunology in a combined degree program (Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology). He received a Doctor of Science degree from Harvard University in 1992.

Kashala began his career at Cambridge Biotech Corporation (later known as Aquila Biopharmaceuticals) as a Director of Medical Affairs and Tropical Diseases and Director of Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory. In that capacity, he managed to put the AIDS vaccine for Africans infected with HIV on the international agenda. He initiated the first laboratory HIV-1 vaccine development studies ever conducted based on the use of virus strains that are common in Africa, with the support of the US Government, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other partners in the industry.

In 1998, he joined Lexigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and EMD Pharmaceuticals (Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC), both affiliates of the giant pharmaceutical company Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany, and was appointed medical director, Clinical Oncology Research.

In 2002, Kashala transitioned to Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Takeda Oncology Company, where he was appointed Senior Director of Clinical Research, Clinical Oncology, and was assigned global responsibility for developing bortezomib (VELCADE) in solid tumors. He later joined EMD Serono, Inc. (2007), an Affiliate of Merck KGaA. He was appointed Senior Director of Clinical Oncology Development and Head, Oncology Development, with overall responsibility for the clinical research and development activities in the US. At EMD Serono, Inc., Kashala joined the senior leadership team and focused the company's efforts on cancer immunotherapy for breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer.

In March 2013, Kashala was appointed Senior Vice President for Research and Development and Senior Vice President for Business Development, Africa Goal Strategy for Nanobiosym, Inc., a company focused on using nanotechnology to diagnose and treat human diseases. During his tenure, he was instrumental in developing the clinical strategy for the Gene Radar technology platform for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases and cancer and for shaping the key opinion leaders' management plans for African countries. In 2015, Kashala joined Affimed, Inc. as vice-president, Medical, US.

Kashala is a pathologist, oncologist and cancer research specialist who has conducted clinical research with cancer centers in the United States, including the US National Cancer Institutes (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, the Lombardi Cancer un Washington DC, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and the Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center in New York City, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center in Philadelphia, University of Pittsburg Cancer Center and UPMC Cancer Center in Pittsburgh, Duke University Cancer Center and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center in North Carolina, Rush University Cancer Center and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center in Chicago, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Vanderbuilt Ingham Cancer Center, Jonsson Kaplan Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, UNMC Eppley Cancer Center, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center in La Jolla, California, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center in San Francisco, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center in Rochester, Minnesota, University of Alabama in Birmingham Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Massachusetts General Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Centers, in Boston, etc.

### Philanthropy

Kashala has been very active in the area of humanitarian aid and philanthropy. In 1988, while DRC had strained medical healthcare and lacked adequate diagnostic equipment and highly trained scientists/physicians, Kashala managed to raise awareness of DRC's health crisis and obtained a donation of over $200,000 in medical equipment from Abbott Laboratories \- Abbott Park, North Chicago, Illinois (USA). This helped several clinical and translational studies to address the etiological role of the hepatitis B virus in primary liver cancer in central Africa, the interactions between hepatitis B virus and HIV in Africans infected with both viruses, and the biological, clinical and diagnostic significance of HIV-1, human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HLTV-1) or HTLV-2 in patients infected with mycobacterium leprae (leprosy).

As a presidential candidate, Kashala traveled to the European Union, Belgium, and the United States to raise awareness about the potential for violence and to advocate for conflict alertness, prevention, and intervention. The key objective of his visits was to emphasize the critical value of security sector reform. Kashala addressed the European Parliament and met with the leadership of the United States Senate and House on the crucial funding needed to support democratic and free elections in DRC and was able to push for Congo Funds for free and fair elections and military reform in DRC, “*two key priorities if DRC is to make a successful transition to democratic rule and bring peace, stability and economic development to one of the largest nations in Africa*.”

His efforts were instrumental in securing an amendment to the Iraq Supplemental Appropriations bill to provide $13.2 million in critical funding for DRC. *"I commend the entire United States Senate, especially Senators Obama and Leahy, for approving this critical funding, said Dr. Kashala. This money will be put to good use in the DR Congo to help ensure free and fair elections and will begin the process of stabilizing our country. In my meetings in Washington this week, I have been pleased at the United States interest in and concern for DRC. I intend to continue to work with the United States to encourage support for the Congo."*

## Personal life

Kashala is Congolese-American married to Prudence Kashala. They have raised a family of 8 children. Kashala emigrated from Congo to the U.S. years ago.

## InfoBox

| Oscar Kashala | |
| --- | --- |
| Oscar Kashala in 2010 | |
| Born | (1954-08-04) August 4, 1954<br>Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Education | Harvard University |
| Political party | Union for the Rebuilding of Congo |


title: Magnus Carlsen Invitational

abstract: The Magnus Carlsen Invitational 2020 was an online chess tournament that ran from 18 April to 3 May 2020 as the first round of the Magnus Carlsen Chess Tour.

text:
# Magnus Carlsen Invitational

The **Magnus Carlsen Invitational 2020** was an online chess tournament that ran from 18 April to 3 May 2020 as the first round of the Magnus Carlsen Chess Tour.

## History

In addition to the world chess champion Magnus Carlsen, who organized the tournament, Fabiano Caruana, Ding Liren, Alireza Firouzja, Anish Giri, Hikaru Nakamura, Ian Nepomniachtchi, and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave took part in the event. The tournament received media attention as one of the few sports events during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The tournament was structured as a series of mini-matches, consisting of four games of rapid chess, if needed followed by two rounds of blitz chess (semi-finals and final only), if needed followed by an Armageddon tie-break. The winner after rapid games received 3 points, the loser 0 points; if a tie-break was necessary, the winner received 2 points and the loser 1 point. The eight players played a round robin with the top four advancing to the semi-finals. Carlsen beat Nakamura in the final to win the tournament.

The tournament was broadcast by Chess24.com with Jan Gustafsson, Peter Svidler, Tania Sachdev and Lawrence Trent providing most of the commentary.

## Group stage results

| Player 1 | Player 2 | Score |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Round 1. 18 April 2020 | | | |
| **Magnus Carlsen** | Hikaru Nakamura | 3 – 2 |
| **Ding Liren** | Alireza Firouzja | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| Round 1. 19 April 2020 | | | |
| **Fabiano Caruana** | Ian Nepomniachtchi | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| **Maxime Vachier-Lagrave** | Anish Giri | 3 – 1 |
| Round 2. 20 April 2020 | | | |
| **Magnus Carlsen** | Alireza Firouzja | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| **Hikaru Nakamura** | Anish Giri | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| Round 2. 21 April 2020 | | | |
| **Ian Nepomniachtchi** | Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | 3 – 2 |
| **Fabiano Caruana** | Ding Liren | 3 – 2 |
| Round 3. 22 April 2020 | | | |
| **Magnus Carlsen** | Fabiano Caruana | 3 – 1 |
| **Hikaru Nakamura** | Alireza Firouzja | 3.5 – 0.5 |
| Round 3. 23 April 2020 | | | |
| Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | **Ding Liren** | 2 – 3 |
| Anish Giri | **Ian Nepomniachtchi** | 1.5 – 2.5 |
| Round 4. 24 April 2020 | | | |
| **Magnus Carlsen** | Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| Alireza Firouzja | **Fabiano Caruana** | 1 – 3 |
|
| Round 4. 25 April 2020 | | | |
| **Hikaru Nakamura** | Ian Nepomniachtchi | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| **Ding Liren** | Anish Giri | 3 – 2 |
| Round 5. 26 April 2020 | | | |
| **Anish Giri** | Magnus Carlsen | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | **Alireza Firouzja** | 1.5 – 2.5 |
| Round 5. 27 April 2020 | | | |
| **Fabiano Caruana** | Hikaru Nakamura | 3 – 2 |
| Ian Nepomniachtchi | **Ding Liren** | 1.5 – 2.5 |
| Round 6. 28 April 2020 | | | |
| **Magnus Carlsen** | Ian Nepomniachtchi | 3 – 2 |
| **Alireza Firouzja** | Anish Giri | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| Round 6. 29 April 2020 | | | |
| **Hikaru Nakamura** | Ding Liren | 3 – 2 |
| **Fabiano Caruana** | Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | 2.5 – 1.5 |
| Round 7. 30 April 2020 | | | |
| **Ding Liren** | Magnus Carlsen | 3 – 1 |
| **Ian Nepomniachtchi** | Alireza Firouzja | 3 – 2 |
| Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | **Hikaru Nakamura** | 2 – 3 |
| **Anish Giri** | Fabiano Caruana | 2.5 – 1.5 |

## Group stage standings

| Pl. | Player | M. | W | AW | AL | L | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hikaru Nakamura | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 15 |
| 2 | Ding Liren | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 15 |
| 3 | Magnus Carlsen | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 |
| 4 | Fabiano Caruana | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 |
| 5 | Ian Nepomniachtchi | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
| 6 | Alireza Firouzja | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| 7 | Anish Giri | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| 8 | Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | 7 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |

## Play-offs

|  | **Semifinals** (1 and 2 May 2020) | | |  |  | **Final** (3 May 2020) | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1 | **Hikaru Nakamura** | **4** |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | 4 | Fabiano Caruana | 2 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | 1 | Hikaru Nakamura | 1.5 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 3 | **Magnus Carlsen** | **2.5** |  |
|  | 2 | | | | | | Ding Liren | 1.5 |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | 3 | **Magnus Carlsen** | **2.5** |  |


title: Georges Hellebuyck Jr.

abstract: Georges Hellebuyck Jr. was a Belgian sailor. He competed in the Dragon event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Georges Hellebuyck Jr.

**Georges Hellebuyck Jr.** (born 20 June 1920, date of death unknown) was a Belgian sailor. He competed in the Dragon event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Georges Hellebuyck Jr.
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Willy Richard Georges Hellebuyck, Jr. |
| Nationality | Belgian |
| Born | 20 June 1920<br>Antwerp, Belgium |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sailing |


title: Franz Kafka Prize

abstract: The Franz Kafka Prize is an international literary award presented in honour of Franz Kafka, the Jewish, Bohemian, German-language novelist. The prize was first awarded in 2001 and is co-sponsored by the Franz Kafka Society and the city of Prague, Czech Republic.

text:
# Franz Kafka Prize

The **Franz Kafka Prize** is an international literary award presented in honour of Franz Kafka, the Jewish, Bohemian, German-language novelist. The prize was first awarded in 2001 and is co-sponsored by the Franz Kafka Society and the city of Prague, Czech Republic.

## Award information and history

At a presentation held annually in the Old Town Hall (Prague), the recipient receives $10,000, a diploma, and a bronze statuette. Each award is often called the "Kafka Prize" or "Kafka Award".

The award earned some prestige in the mid 2000s by foreshadowing the Nobel Prize when two of its winners went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature the same year, Elfriede Jelinek (2004) and Harold Pinter (2005).

The criteria for winning the award include the artwork's "humanistic character and contribution to cultural, national, language \[sic\] and religious tolerance, its existential, timeless character, its generally human validity and its ability to hand over \[sic\] a testimony about our times."

## Award winners

Previous winners.

| Year | Picture | Winner | Nationality | Language(s) | Genre(s) | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 |  | | | | | |
| 2021 |  | Ivan Vyskočil
(1929–2023) | Czech Republic | Czech | novel, drama |  |
| 2020 |  | Milan Kundera
(1929–2023) | France/ Czech Republic | French/Czech | novel, short story, poetry, essay, drama |  |
| 2019 |  | Pierre Michon
(1945–) | France | French | novel, short story |  |
| 2018 |  | Ivan Wernisch
(1942–) | Czech Republic | Czech | poetry, translation |  |
| 2017 |  | Margaret Atwood
(1939–) | Canada | English | poetry, novel, short story, literary criticism, essay |  |
| 2016 |  | Claudio Magris
(1939–) | Italy | Italian | essay, translation, novel, short story |  |
| 2015 |  | Eduardo Mendoza
(1943–) | Spain | Spanish | novel, short story, drama, essay |  |
| 2014 |  | Yan Lianke
(1958–) | China | Chinese | novel, short story |  |
| 2013 |  | Amos Oz
(1939–2018) | Israel | Hebrew | novel, short story, essay |  |
| 2012 |  | Daniela Hodrová
(1946–) | Czech Republic | Czech | novel |  |
| 2011 |  | John Banville
(1945–) | Ireland | English | novel, short story, drama, screenplay, essay |  |
| 2010 |  | Václav Havel
(1936–2011) | Czech Republic | Czech | poetry, drama, essay |  |
| 2009 |  | Peter Handke
(1942–) | Austria | German | novel, poetry, essay, short story, screenplay, drama |  |
| 2008 |  | Arnošt Lustig
(1926–2011) | Czech Republic | Czech | novel, short story, drama, screenplay |  |
| 2007 |  | Yves Bonnefoy
(1923–2016) | France | French | poetry, essay, translation, short story, history |  |
| 2006 |  | Haruki Murakami
(1949–) | Japan | Japanese | novel, short story, essay, memoirs |  |
| 2005 |  | Harold Pinter
(1930–2008) | United Kingdom | English | drama, screenplay |  |
| 2004 |  | Elfriede Jelinek
(1946–) | Austria | German | novel, poetry, drama, translation |  |
| 2003 |  | Péter Nádas
(1942–) | Hungary | Hungarian | drama, essay, novel |  |
| 2002 |  | Ivan Klíma
(1931–) | Czech Republic | Czech | novel, drama, memoirs |  |
| 2001 |  | Philip Roth
(1933–2018) | United States | English | novel, short story, memoirs, essay |  |

## InfoBox

| Franz Kafka Prize | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Presented by | Franz Kafka Society |
| Reward(s) | $10,000 |
| First awarded | 2001 |
| Website | www.franzkafka-soc.cz |


title: Tmesisternus costipennis

abstract: Tmesisternus costipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.

text:
# Tmesisternus costipennis

***Tmesisternus costipennis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.

## InfoBox

| *Tmesisternus costipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Tmesisternus* |
| Species: | ***T. costipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tmesisternus costipennis***<br>Breuning, 1940 | |
|


title: Subrebinea

abstract: Subrebinea is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

text:
# Subrebinea

***Subrebinea*** is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Razowski, J. & V.O. Becker, 2000: Seven new Neotropical genera of Euliini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their species. *Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, Polish Journal of Entomology* **69**: 335–345.

## InfoBox

| ***Subrebinea*** | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Subfamily: | Tortricinae |
| Genus: | ***Subrebinea***<br>Razowski & Becker, 2000 |
|


title: Marin-Hassett House

abstract: The Marin-Hassett House is located at 97 St. George Street in St. Augustine, Florida. It is reconstructed on its foundations that date to St. Augustine's First Spanish Period.

text:
# Marin-Hassett House

The **Marin-Hassett House** is located at 97 St. George Street in St. Augustine, Florida. It is reconstructed on its foundations that date to St. Augustine's First Spanish Period.

## History

There was a one-story house that stood at this site during St. Augustine's First Spanish Period (1565-1763). During the 19th century a second floor and a wooden rear wing was added. The house is mainly made of coquina and sealed with plaster. It is next to the Hispanic Garden, a replica of a formal Spanish garden, containing a bronze statue of Queen Isabella sculpted by Anna Hyatt Huntington.

The original stone house belonged to Antonia Marin. During Florida's British Period, James Box bought the house, and then a Stephen Haven bought the house. During the Second Spanish Period, in 1787, Father Thomas Hassett bought the property. Hassett was an Irish priest who served the Minorcan community of St. Augustine and established the first free school in what would become the United States.

## Restoration

Senator George Smathers was Chairman of the Subcommittee on Latin American Affairs of John F. Kennedy's President’s Quadricentennial Commission. On behalf of that President’s Commission, he invited the Pan American Union to take part in the restoration project occurring in downtown St. Augustine in the 1960s. The goal was to have representatives from Latin American countries arrange cultural exchanges, exhibits, and musical performances for the St. Augustine’s quadricentennial in 1965. President Kennedy likened this project to the building of Colonial Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia and was quoted as saying, “I can see how valuable it will be to have a similar symbol of the cultural heritage which came to us from Hispanic-American sources. This can be a most important new symbolic bond with our Latin-American neighbors to the south (as well as to Spain across the ocean.”

St. Augustine Restoration Inc. bought the property (formerly housing the Manufacturer's Outlet Store and St. George Tavern) and reconstructed the Marin-Hassett House using funds donated by American corporations that had done business in Latin America, such as Ford, General Motors, Texaco, and Gulf. It took $25,000 to purchase the land and $27,066 to build the center.

Earle Newton, Director-General of the Quadricentennial Commission in St. Augustine, served as the first curator of the Pan American Center. Dr. Carlton Calkin then served as curator. The center housed art exhibits of hispanic origin. The Pan-American Center was to complement the nearby Spanish government cultural and exhibition center, as well as expected U.S. government, State of Florida, and British government centers.

On April 24, 1965 representatives of several nations of the Organization of American States participating in a cornerstone ceremony for the Center. Representatives included those from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Guatemala, Peru, Panama, Honduras, and the United States.

Statutes on display included, especially during the Christmas season, religion icons from the 17th-19th centuries from Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, and Guatemala. The Center had a three-foot statue of Saint Augustine. Most statues were painted and covered with gesso, a mixture of plaster and glue. In January 1968, the Pan American Center displayed a replica of a mummy found along the south coast of Peru in a Paracas Tomb as part of its Pre-Columbian exhibit. Most objects continuously displayed in the Pan American Center came from tombs (pottery, gold jewelry, sculpture, or textiles). The oldest artifact in the collection, however, was a netted textile from 600 B.C.E. Peru.

## Hispanic Garden

In the late 18th century Father Hassett grew a vegetable plot and orchard on the land to the south of the house. In the mid-20th century this same space was converted from an Appliance Center and used as a garden again, linked the building to the Spanish Exhibition Center across the street. The garden was made possible by a donation of Jessie Ball duPont, supplemented by contributions from garden clubs and other organizations. The landscaping was accomplished by the Women’s Garden Clubs of Florida.

## Present day

Today the downstairs of the Marin-Hassett House is retail space operated by dog store Faux Paws. The upstairs of the house is St. Augustine Foundation Inc. The entire building is owned by St. Augustine Foundation, Inc.

1. "Marin-Hassett House (Pan American Building)". *ufdc.ufl.edu*. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
2. Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board (1971). *Guide Book: Including Descriptions of the Buildings, Crafts, and a Brief History of the Restoration of the Nation's Oldest City*. Tallahassee, Florida: Department of Cultural Affairs, Department of State, State of Florida. pp. 46–47.
3. "Pan American Union To Participate In City's Anniversary, Restoration". *ufdc.ufl.edu*. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
4. "Housing the Pan American Center: The Marin-Hassett House · The Pan American Center · STAMP: St. Augustine Memory Project". *flaglerpublichistory.omeka.net*. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
5. Newton, Earle (1967). *The Pan American Museum*.
6. "Making the Dream a Reality · The Pan American Center · STAMP: St. Augustine Memory Project". *flaglerpublichistory.omeka.net*. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
7. "Cornerstone Ceremony Held For Pan American Center". *The St. Augustine Record*. April 25, 1965.
8. "Statues on Display At Pan American Center". *The St. Augustine Record*. December 23–24, 1967.
9. Carling, Anne (January 13–14, 1968). "This 'Mummy' Didn't Have a Daddy".
10. Carling, Anne (January 4–5, 1969). "New Exhibit Open At Pan American Center". *The St. Augustine Record*.
11. Gordon, Elsbeth "Buff" (2015). *Walking St. Augustine : an illustrated guide and pocket history to America's oldest city*. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813060835. OCLC 889164908.

29°53′43″N 81°18′47″W / 29.89515°N 81.31294°W / 29.89515; -81.31294


title: Ugena

abstract: Ugena is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 3,942 inhabitants.

text:
# Ugena

**Ugena** is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 3,942 inhabitants.

40°09′N 3°52′W / 40.150°N 3.867°W / 40.150; -3.867

## InfoBox

| Ugena | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| Ugena Town Hall Square | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Toledo |
| Municipality | Ugena |
| Area | |
| Total | 15 km2 (6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 654 m (2,146 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 5,336 |
| Density | 360/km2 (920/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Grivel (company)

abstract: Grivel Srl is a company that produces tools and equipment for alpinism, climbing, and outdoor activities. It exports to 26 countries. All the personal safety products, ice axes, crampons, pitons, helmets are produced in Italy. The company has been certified GS TUF since 1992, ISO 9001 since 1996, ISO 1400 since 2004.

text:
# Grivel (company)

**Grivel Srl** is a company that produces tools and equipment for alpinism, climbing, and outdoor activities. It exports to 26 countries. All the personal safety products, ice axes, crampons, pitons, helmets are produced in Italy. The company has been certified GS TUF since 1992, ISO 9001 since 1996, ISO 1400 since 2004.

## History

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

Grivel Mont Blanc S.r.l
|
|  |
| Company type | S.r.l. |
| Industry | Mechanics |
| Founded | 1818 (1818) |
| Headquarters | Italy, Courmayeur |
| Key people | Gioachino Gobbi, President |
| Products | Climbing Equipment <br>Climbing Gear |
| Operating income | € 5 million |
| Number of employees | 25 (2008) |
| Website | www.grivel.com |


title: Vokesinotus

abstract: Vokesinotus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vokesinotus

***Vokesinotus*** is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Species

* Petuch E.J. (1988). Neogene history of tropical American mollusks. Charlottesville, Virginia: The Coastal Education and Research Foundation. 217 pp., 23 figs + unnumbered figs, 39 pls.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesinotus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Muricoidea |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Ocenebrinae |
| Genus: | *Vokesinotus*
Petuch, 1988 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Coralliophila lepidota* Dall, 1890
 | |


title: Mónica Bettencourt-Dias

abstract: Mónica Bettencourt-Dias is a Portuguese biochemist and cellular biologist, who is the head of the Cell Cycle Regulation research group at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Her research involves cell cycle regulation, for which she has been recognized as the recipient of the Pfizer Award for Basic Research, the Keith Porter Prize from the American Society for Cell Biology and the Eppendorf Young European Investigator Award. She was also selected as a 2009 European Molecular Biology Organization Young Investigator Fellow and inducted as a member of the EMBO in 2015. Mónica Bettencourt-Dias was appointed Director of Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência in November, 2017.

text:
# Mónica Bettencourt-Dias

**Mónica Bettencourt-Dias** (born 1974) is a Portuguese biochemist and cellular biologist, who is the head of the *Cell Cycle Regulation* research group at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Her research involves cell cycle regulation, for which she has been recognized as the recipient of the Pfizer Award for Basic Research, the Keith Porter Prize from the American Society for Cell Biology and the Eppendorf Young European Investigator Award. She was also selected as a 2009 European Molecular Biology Organization Young Investigator Fellow and inducted as a member of the EMBO in 2015. Mónica Bettencourt-Dias was appointed Director of Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência in November, 2017.

## Biography

Monica Bettencourt Carvalho was born in 1974 and grew up in Lisbon, Portugal. When she was little, she wanted to be an Astrophysicist. She began her tertiary studies in biochemistry there at the University of Lisbon. After completion of her undergraduate degree, she entered a PhD program at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência studying cell biology and completed her studies at University College London, earning a doctorate in biochemistry and molecular biology in 2001. Her research focused on the regeneration of heart cells in salamanders.

She enrolled at the University of Cambridge and simultaneously at Birkbeck College in London for her postdoctoral research. Her postdoctoral work focused on kinases, a type of enzyme critical to metabolism and cell signalling. She discovered that the kinase PLK4 regulates the number of centrosomes an organism develops. Her simultaneous studies were on scientific communication, to improve the way that scientists communicate with the public.

After completing her studies, Bettencourt returned to Portugal in 2006 and opened a laboratory at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência to continue her work on "centriole formation, evolution and their physiological function". In 2007, she was awarded the Eppendorf Young European Investigator Award and in 2009 was selected as a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Young Investigator Fellow.

In 2010, she received a grant from the European Research Council to investigate abnormalities in centrioles and how the variance of their numbers or errors in cell division can lead to the development of tumors or infertility. Her research earned the Pfizer Award for Basic Research in 2012 and that same year, the Keith Porter Prize from the American Society for Cell Biology. She has authored numerous scientific papers and serves as editor for several scientific journals. In 2015, Bettencourt was inducted as a full member to the EMBO.

Mónica Bettencourt-Dias is Director of the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência since 1 February 2018. She was Chair of EU-LIFE (2022-2023), the alliance of research institutes advocating for excellent research in Europe.

## Selected works

* Bettencourt-Dias, Mónica; Glover, David M (2007). "Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology". *Nature*. **8** (6). London, England: Nature Publishing Group: 451–463. doi:10.1038/nrm2180. PMID 17505520. S2CID 33639281.
* Bettencourt-Dias, Mónica; Carvalho-Santos, Zita (2008). "Double life of centrioles: CP110 in the spotlight". *Trends in Cell Biology*. **18** (1): 8–11. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2007.11.002. PMID 18068367.
* Bettencourt-Dias, Mónica; Glover, David M (September 2009). "SnapShot: Centriole Biogenesis". *Cell*. **136** (1): 188.e1–188.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.035. PMID 19135899. S2CID 43522520.
* Bettencourt-Dias, Mónica; Hildebrandt, Friedhelm; et al. (2011). "Centrosomes and cilia in human disease". *Trends in Genetics*. **27** (8): 307–315. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2011.05.004. PMC 3144269. PMID 21680046.
* Bettencourt-Dias, Mónica (December 2013). "Q&A: Who needs a centrosome?". *BMC Biology*. **11** (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-11-28. PMC 3623764. PMID 23578281.

## InfoBox

| Mónica Bettencourt-Dias | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Mónica Bettencourt Carvalho
1974 (age 4950)
Portugal |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Alma mater | University of Lisbon
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência
University College London
University of Cambridge
Birkbeck College |
| Occupation | Cellular biologist |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Employer | Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência |


title: Mónica Chuji

abstract: Mónica Chuji Gualinga is an indigenous Ecuadorian politician who has served in the National Assembly. She is a deputy director of Indigenous Peoples Rights International.

text:
# Mónica Chuji

**Mónica Chuji Gualinga** (born October 30, 1973) is an indigenous Ecuadorian politician who has served in the National Assembly. She is a deputy director of Indigenous Peoples Rights International.

## Life

Chuji was born in Pastaza Province in 1973. She was the daughter of a Shuar father and a Kichwa mother. She is a Kichwa from the Ecuadorian Amazon and belongs to the Sarayaku community of Sucumbios. Chuji graduated in social communication from the Politecnica Salesiana University in 2000.

She was a member of the Correa government as an assembly member while the Constitution of Ecuador was being created in 2008. She was the government's General Secretary of Communication when Rafael Correa was President.

Chuji joined the left wing Ethics and Democracy Network (RED) after she fell out with Correa, accusing him of authoritarian tendencies and for supporting extractive industries which she found ecologically harmful. Chuji became RED's frontrunner for the Congressional election, but the party failed to win even this seat.

In 2011 she was fined and sentenced to a year in prison for slander against Vinicio Alvarado who was another politician. After the sentence was announced Vinicio Alvarado said that he forgave her.

In 2013 Chuji became the Vice President of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon.

She is a deputy director of Indigenous Peoples Rights International in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Mónica Chuji | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | October 30, 1973<br>Pastaza Province |
| Nationality | Ecuador |


title: Volunteer (Sham 69 album)

abstract: Volunteer is an album by punk band Sham 69, released in 1988.

text:
# Volunteer (Sham 69 album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Volunteer*** is an album by punk band Sham 69, released in 1988 (see 1988 in music).

## Track listing

All songs by Jimmy Pursey and Dave Parsons

1. "Outside the Warehouse" - 4:13
2. "Wicked Tease" - 2:49
3. "Wallpaper" - 3:48
4. "Mr. Know It All" - 3:05
5. "As Black as Sheep" - 3:49
6. "How the West Was Won" - 3:32
7. "That Was the Day" - 3:41
8. "Rip and Tear" - 3:13
9. "Bastard Club" - 4:53
10. "Volunteer" - 3:19

## Personnel

* Jimmy Pursey \- vocals, producer
* Dave Guy Parsons - guitar, producer
* Andy Prince \- bass
* Ian Whitehead - drums
* Tony Hardie-Bick - keyboards
* Linda Paganelli - saxophone
* John Palmer - engineer
* Christopher Marc Potter - mixing

## InfoBox

| Volunteer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sham 69 | |
| Released | 1988 |
| Genre | Glam Rock, Punk rock, Oi! |
| Label | Legacy |
| Producer | Dave Parsons, Jimmy Pursey |
| Sham 69 chronology | |
| *Live and Loud!! Volume 2*
(1988) ***Volunteer***
(1988) *The Complete Sham 69 Live*
(1989) | |


abstract: Volunteer is the sixth studio album by folk band Old Crow Medicine Show. It was released in April 2018 by Columbia Nashville. The album is the band's only one to feature Joe Andrews, who plays on every track and subsequently became a full band member. It is the last album to feature founding members Kevin Hayes and Critter Fuqua as well as Chance McCoy, all of whom departed the group prior to the release of their next album Paint This Town.

text:
# Volunteer (Old Crow Medicine Show album)

***Volunteer*** is the sixth studio album by folk band Old Crow Medicine Show. It was released in April 2018 by Columbia Nashville. The album is the band's only one to feature Joe Andrews, who plays on every track and subsequently became a full band member. It is the last album to feature founding members Kevin Hayes and Critter Fuqua as well as Chance McCoy, all of whom departed the group prior to the release of their next album *Paint This Town*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 85/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

The album received a Metacritic score of 85 based on 6 critics, indicating universal acclaim.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at No. 14 on Top Country Albums, No. 1 on Bluegrass Albums, and No. 7 on Americana/Folk Albums, with 7,000 equivalent album units (6,500 in traditional album sales) in its first week. It is Old Crow Medicine Show's seventh No. 1 on the Bluegrass Albums chart, tying with Ricky Skaggs and Rhonda Vincent for the most No. 1s in the history of chart. It has sold 11,500 copies in the United States as of June 2018.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocal | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Flicker & Shine" | Ketch Secor, Kevin Hayes | Secor | 2:23 |
| 2. | "A World Away" | Secor, Critter Fuqua, Chance McCoy | Secor | 3:19 |
| 3. | "Child of the Mississippi" | Secor, Fuqua, McCoy | Secor | 5:00 |
| 4. | "Dixie Avenue" | Secor, Fuqua | Fuqua | 2:35 |
| 5. | "Look Away" | Secor | Secor | 5:10 |
| 6. | "Shout Mountain Music" | Secor, McCoy | Fuqua | 2:31 |
| 7. | "The Good Stuff" | Hayes | Hayes | 2:42 |
| 8. | "Old Hickory" | Secor, Fuqua | Secor | 5:09 |
| 9. | "Homecoming Party" | Secor | Secor | 3:06 |
| 10. | "Elzick's Farewell" | Traditional | Instrumental | 1:51 |
| 11. | "Whirlwind" | Secor | Secor | 4:04 |

## Personnel

* Ketch Secor - Vocals, fiddle, harmonica, resophonic plectrum, banjo, guitar.
* Critter Fuqua - Acoustic, electric and slide guitars, banjo, vocals, drums.
* Chance McCoy - Acoustic, 12 string, classical and electric guitars, vocals, fiddle.
* Cory Younts - Mandolin, vocals, drums, percussion, piano.
* Kevin Hayes - Guitjo, lead vocal on track 7.
* Morgan Jahnig - Bass, baritone guitar, vocals.
* Joe Andrews - Ukulele, banjo, mandolin, pedal steel, guitar, vocals.
* Dave Cobb - Percussion tracks 2 and 3, guitar tracks 5 and 9.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 100 |
| US Folk Albums (*Billboard*) | 7 |
| US Top Bluegrass Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Top Country Albums (*Billboard*) | 14 |

## InfoBox

| Volunteer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Old Crow Medicine Show | |
| Released | April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20) |
| Genre | Folk |
| Length | 37:50 |
| Label | Columbia Nashville |
| Producer | Dave Cobb |
| Old Crow Medicine Show chronology | |
| *50 Years of Blonde on Blonde*
(2017) ***Volunteer***
(2018) *Paint This Town*
(2022) | |


title: Vokesimurex ruthae

abstract: Vokesimurex ruthae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vokesimurex ruthae

***Vokesimurex ruthae*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 69.4 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of California.

* Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp
* Houart, R. (2014). Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesimurex ruthae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vokesimurex ruthae* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricinae |
| Genus: | *Vokesimurex* |
| Species: | ***V. ruthae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vokesimurex ruthae***<br>(Vokes, 1988) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Murex (Haustellum) ruthae* Vokes, 1988 | |


title: Vokesimurex sallasi

abstract: Vokesimurex sallasi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Vokesimurex sallasi

***Vokesimurex sallasi*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 38.7 mm and 58 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico and in the South China Sea.

* Rehder H.A. & Abbott R.T. (1951). Some new and interesting mollusks from the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Revista de la Sociedad Malacologica "Carlos de la Torre". 8(2): 53-66, pls 8-9. page(s): 58, pl. 9 figs 7-8
* Vokes, E.H. (1963). Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic region. Part I - Murex sensu stricto. Tulane Studies in Geology. 1(3): 95-123
* Petuch E.J. & Sargent D.M. (2011) Rare and unusual shells of the Florida Keys and adjacent areas. Wellington, Florida: MdM Publishing. 158 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Vokesimurex sallasi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vokesimurex sallasi* (holotype at the Smithsonian Institution) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricinae |
| Genus: | *Vokesimurex* |
| Species: | ***V. sallasi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vokesimurex sallasi***<br>(Rehder & Abbott, 1951) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Haustellum bellegladeensis* (E. H. Vokes, 1963) * *Murex anniae bellegladeensis* Vokes, 1963 (original combination) * *Murex bellegladeensis* E. H. Vokes, 1963 * *Murex bellegladensis* \[sic\] (misspelling) * *Murex sallasi* Rehder & Abbott, 1951 * *Murex (Murex) recurvirostris sallasi* Rehder & Abbott, 1951 * *Vokesimurex anniae bellegladeensis* (Vokes, 1963) * *Vokesimurex morrisoni* Petuch & Sargent, 2011 | |


title: Vorsø

abstract: Vorsø is a small Danish island, with an area of 0.62 km⁲ and a population of 1.

text:
# Vorsø

**Vorsø** is a small Danish island, with an area of 0.62 km2 and a population of 1.

## InfoBox

Vorsø
| Vorsø | |
| --- | --- |
| Geography | |
| Location | Horsens Fjord |
| Coordinates | 55°52′N 10°0′E / 55.867°N 10.000°E / 55.867; 10.000 |
| Area | 0.62 km2 (0.24 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
| **Denmark** | |
| Region | Region Midtjylland |
| Municipality | Horsens Municipality |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 1 (January 2009) |


title: Mícheál Ó hUanacháin

abstract: Mícheál Ó hUanacháin is an Irish poet and journalist from Dublin, Ireland. He worked as a reporter and broadcaster for RTÉ until his retirement in 2009.

text:
# Mícheál Ó hUanacháin

**Mícheál Ó hUanacháin** is an Irish poet and journalist from Dublin, Ireland. He worked as a reporter and broadcaster for RTÉ until his retirement in 2009.

## Journalism

Ó hUanacháin was first appointed as continuity announcer for RTÉ Radio in 1968. During his career, he worked as a reporter, presenter and editor on television, radio and online media, with an interest in Irish language and culture, the Middle East and Islamic affairs. He retired in July 2009.

He reports on soccer matches as a freelance journalist, mainly on matches played by Bray Wanderers F.C. and Kerry F.C.. His reports on Kerry F.C. are published biweekly in the West Kerry Live local newspaper.

## Writing career

Ó hUanacháin's first collection of poetry was published in the early 1970s. Since then, he has released numerous collections in Irish including *Go dTaga Léas* (1971), *Crann Tógála* (1980), *Aibítir Mheiriceá* (1981), *Tráchtaireacht ar na Cluichí Móra* (1998), *dánta.com* (2006), *Damhsa Rúnda* (2008), *Timthriall Nua* (2017) and *Faoi Choinneáil* (2021).

He has also written two books in Irish for younger readers: *Olé Olé Olé* (1994) and *An Tíogar agus a Mhadra* (2015), illustrated by Sinéad Ní Uallacháin, with whom he worked previously in RTÉ.

Ó hUanacháin is active in organisations promoting Irish-language poetry and writers, including *Aontas na Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge* ("Irish language writers' association") of which he is the treasurer. He is also a member of the committee of *An Fhéile Bheag Filíochta*, an annual poetry festival in Ballyferriter, County Kerry.

1. "Mícheál Ó hUanacháin". *Portraits of Irish-Language Writers*. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
2. "Mícheál Ó hUanacháin – Retirement". *www.superannrte.ie*. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
3. 2545/012, 2545/011 – "Broadcaster and journalist Mícheál Ó hUanacháin (1968)", Bedell, Roy, RTÉ Stills Library
4. Ó hUanacháin, Mícheál (12 October 2023). "Mol an Óige!". *West Kerry Live* (in Irish).
5. "Timthriall Nua le Mícheál Ó hUanacháin". *www.coisceim.ie*. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
6. "Faoi Choinneáil | Litríocht". Retrieved 23 October 2023.
7. "An Tíogar agus a Mhadra | Litríocht". Retrieved 23 October 2023.
8. "Baill reatha an Choiste Stiúrtha". *Aontas na Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge* (in Irish). Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
9. "Fúinn – Feile Bheag Filiochta". Retrieved 23 October 2023.

## InfoBox

| Mícheál Ó hUanacháin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1944 (age 7980)<br>Dublin, Ireland |
| Alma mater | University College Dublin |
| Occupation(s) | Poet and journalist |
| Years active | 1960s–present |
| Organization | *Aontas na Scríbhneoirí Gaeilge* |
| Relatives |  |


title: Mícheál Ó Móráin

abstract: Mícheál Ó Móráin was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Justice from 1968 to 1970, Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1957 to 1959 and 1961 to 1968 and Minister for Lands from 1959 to 1968. He served as Teachta Dála (TD) from 1938 to 1973. Ó Móráin was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, hailing from a strong Republican family, members of which had fought in the Irish War of Independence, and in the Irish Civil War on the Anti-Treaty side. A solicitor by profession, Ó Móráin was first elected to Dáil Éireann for the Mayo South constituency on his second attempt at the 1938 general election. He remained on the backbenches for a number of years until he was appointed to the cabinet by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera in 1957 as Minister for the Gaeltacht. He was a native Irish speaker. He was appointed Minister for Lands by Taoiseach Seán Lemass, in 1959 and was re-appointed to the Gaeltacht portfolio in 1961. He remained in these two Departments until 1968. Ireland formally applied for EEC membership in July 1961. Ó Móráin, as Minister for Lands and the Gaeltacht, delivered a widely reported address to the Castlebar Chamber of Commerce in 1962. In the speech he argued that Ireland was "ready to subscribe to the political aims of the EEC" and that Ireland didn't want to be seen as "committed" to its policy of neutrality. In the ensuing controversy, Ó Móráin and Lemass denied that there was any suggestion Ireland might or should abandon neutrality. Outside the country, foreign governments saw this episode as a deliberately provoked debate in order to evaluate the government’s domestic room for maneuver on neutrality. Ó Móráin was appointed Minister for Justice by Taoiseach Jack Lynch in 1968. It is in this role that he is most remembered. While Ó Móráin was still Minister, the Arms Crisis in Ireland erupted in 1970. This political scandal saw Government ministers Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney dismissed by the Taoiseach for alleged involvement in a conspiracy to smuggle arms to the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. Ó Móráin continually suffered from ill-health, which was accentuated by his alcoholism. When the Arms Crisis erupted, Lynch came to see Ó Móráin in hospital in Galway and asked for his resignation. Ó Móráin was a witness at the subsequent Arms Trial. He testified that he had passed on Garda intelligence reports about the involvement of ministers with the IRA to the Taoiseach before the arms were seized at Dublin Airport. Ó Móráin's evidence at the trial has been described as "erratic". Ó Móráin lost his Dáil seat at the 1973 general election and retired from politics. He died in Castlebar, County Mayo, on 6 May 1983.

text:
# Mícheál Ó Móráin

**Mícheál Ó Móráin** (24 December 1911 – 6 May 1983) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Justice from 1968 to 1970, Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1957 to 1959 and 1961 to 1968 and Minister for Lands from 1959 to 1968. He served as Teachta Dála (TD) from 1938 to 1973.

Ó Móráin was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, hailing from a strong Republican family, members of which had fought in the Irish War of Independence, and in the Irish Civil War on the Anti-Treaty side. A solicitor by profession, Ó Móráin was first elected to Dáil Éireann for the Mayo South constituency on his second attempt at the 1938 general election. He remained on the backbenches for a number of years until he was appointed to the cabinet by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera in 1957 as Minister for the Gaeltacht. He was a native Irish speaker. He was appointed Minister for Lands by Taoiseach Seán Lemass, in 1959 and was re-appointed to the Gaeltacht portfolio in 1961. He remained in these two Departments until 1968.

Ireland formally applied for EEC membership in July 1961. Ó Móráin, as Minister for Lands and the Gaeltacht, delivered a widely reported address to the Castlebar Chamber of Commerce in 1962. In the speech he argued that Ireland was "ready to subscribe to the political aims of the EEC" and that Ireland didn't want to be seen as "committed" to its policy of neutrality. In the ensuing controversy, Ó Móráin and Lemass denied that there was any suggestion Ireland might or should abandon neutrality. Outside the country, foreign governments saw this episode as a deliberately provoked debate in order to evaluate the government’s domestic room for maneuver on neutrality.

Ó Móráin was appointed Minister for Justice by Taoiseach Jack Lynch in 1968. It is in this role that he is most remembered. While Ó Móráin was still Minister, the Arms Crisis in Ireland erupted in 1970. This political scandal saw Government ministers Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney dismissed by the Taoiseach for alleged involvement in a conspiracy to smuggle arms to the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. Ó Móráin continually suffered from ill-health, which was accentuated by his alcoholism. When the Arms Crisis erupted, Lynch came to see Ó Móráin in hospital in Galway and asked for his resignation. Ó Móráin was a witness at the subsequent Arms Trial. He testified that he had passed on Garda intelligence reports about the involvement of ministers with the IRA to the Taoiseach before the arms were seized at Dublin Airport. Ó Móráin's evidence at the trial has been described as "erratic".

Ó Móráin lost his Dáil seat at the 1973 general election and retired from politics. He died in Castlebar, County Mayo, on 6 May 1983.

## InfoBox

| Micheál Ó Moráin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister for Justice | |
| **In office**
27 March 1968  5 May 1970 | |
| Taoiseach | Jack Lynch |
| Preceded by | Brian Lenihan |
| Succeeded by | Desmond O'Malley |
| Minister for the Gaeltacht | |
| **In office**
11 October 1961  26 March 1968 | |
| Taoiseach | Seán Lemass
Jack Lynch |
| Preceded by | Gerald Bartley |
| Succeeded by | Pádraig Faulkner |
| **In office**
26 June 1957  23 July 1959 | |
| Taoiseach | Éamon de Valera |
| Preceded by | Jack Lynch |
| Succeeded by | Gerald Bartley |
| Minister for Lands | |
| **In office**
23 July 1959  26 March 1968 | |
| Taoiseach | Seán Lemass
Jack Lynch |
| Preceded by | Erskine Childers |
| Succeeded by | Pádraig Faulkner |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
June 1969  February 1973 | |
| Constituency | Mayo West |
| **In office**
June 1938  June 1969 | |
| Constituency | Mayo South |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1911-12-24)24 December 1911
Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland |
| Died | 6 May 1983(1983-05-06) (aged 71)
Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland |
| Political party | Fianna Fáil |
| Spouse | Madge Ó Móráin |
| Children | 3 |
| Education | St Gerald's College, Castlebar |
| Alma mater | University College Dublin |
|  | |


title: My Sixteen Sons

abstract: My Sixteen Sons is a 1956 West German musical drama film directed by Hans Domnick and starring Lil Dagover, Karl Ludwig Diehl and Else Reval. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gabriel Pellon.

text:
# My Sixteen Sons

***My Sixteen Sons*** (German: ***Meine 16 Söhne***) is a 1956 West German musical drama film directed by Hans Domnick and starring Lil Dagover, Karl Ludwig Diehl and Else Reval. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gabriel Pellon.

## Synopsis

Frau Giselius hosts a music competition in Bremen in memory of her son who was killed in the Second World War. To promote European harmony, she invites four string quartets, two from Germany and one each from France and Switzerland. She affectionately refers to the competitors as her "sixteen sons".

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. *The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema*. Berghahn Books, 2009.

## InfoBox

| My Sixteen Sons | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Hans Domnick |
| Written by | Hans Domnick |
| Produced by | Hans Domnick |
| Starring | Lil Dagover
Karl Ludwig Diehl
Else Reval |
| Cinematography | Fritz Arno Wagner |
| Edited by | Hans Domnick |
| Music by | Wolfgang Zeller |
| Production
company | Hans Domnick Filmproduktion |
| Distributed by | Schorcht Filmverleih |
| Release date | * 9 March 1956 (1956-03-09) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | West Germany |
| Language | German |


title: Grzybowo, Września County

abstract:
Grzybowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Września and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań. Monuments:
  - Manor house in Grzybów

text:
# Grzybowo, Września County

**Grzybowo** \[ɡʐɨˈbɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Września and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

Monuments:

## InfoBox

| Grzybowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Grzybowo | |
| Coordinates: 52°22′5″N 17°38′38″E / 52.36806°N 17.64389°E / 52.36806; 17.64389 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Września |
| Gmina | Września |


title: Grzybowo, Giżycko County

abstract: Grzybowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Ryn, 11 km (7 mi) west of Giżycko, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Grzybowo, Giżycko County

**Grzybowo** \[ɡʐɨˈbɔvɔ\] (German *Grzybowen* (before 1929), *Birkensee*) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Ryn, 11 km (7 mi) west of Giżycko, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Grzybowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Grzybowo | |
| Coordinates: 54°3′N 21°36′E / 54.050°N 21.600°E / 54.050; 21.600 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Giżycko |
| Gmina | Ryn |


title: Guillaume de Montfort of Hainaut

abstract: Guillaume de Montfort, also known as Guillaume of Hainaut, was a French nobleman of the end of the 10th century, the first Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury. He was succeeded as Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury by his son Amaury I de Montfort. Guillaume is possibly the son of Amaury, Count of Valenciennes.

text:
# Guillaume de Montfort of Hainaut

**Guillaume de Montfort**, also known as **Guillaume of Hainaut**, was a French nobleman of the end of the 10th century, the first Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury.

He was succeeded as Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury by his son Amaury I de Montfort.

Guillaume is possibly the son of Amaury, Count of Valenciennes.

## Bibliography

* Hadrot, Marie-Huguette (2002). *Montfort l'Amaury: de l'an mil à nos jours* (in French). Paris: Somogy. p. 191. ISBN 2-85056-563-6.
* Dion, Adolphe de (1895). *Le comte palatin Hugues de Beauvais*. Memoirs of the Archaeological Society of Rambouillet. Tours.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

1. Adolphe de Dion (1886). *Descriptions des monnaies trouvées à Montfort-L'Amaury*. Versailles: Cerf et fils.
2. Raphaël Bijard (2020). "Le premier conflit de l'ère capétienne (991 - 996) et sa phase de résolution (début du XIe s.) – leur influence sur la genèse du domaine royal et l'évolution de la cour palatiale". *Academia*.

## InfoBox

| Guillaume de Montfort | |
| --- | --- |
| Seigneur of Montfort | |
| Predecessor | New title |
| Successor | Amaury I de Montfort |
| Born | before 990 |
| Died | before 1053 |
| Noble family | House of Montfort |
| Spouse(s) | Albreda de Nogent |
| Issue | Amaury I de Montfort |
| Father | Amaury, Count of Valenciennes (possibly) |


title: Myomimus

abstract:
Myomimus is a genus of rodent in the family Gliridae. It contains the following species:
  - Masked mouse-tailed dormouse
  - Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse
  - Setzer's mouse-tailed dormouse

text:
# Myomimus

***Myomimus*** is a genus of rodent in the family Gliridae. It contains the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Myomimus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Gliridae |
| Subfamily: | Leithiinae |
| Genus: | *Myomimus*
Ognev, 1924 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Myomimus personatus*
 | |
| Species | |
| * *M. personatus* Ognev, 1924 * *M. roachi* (Bate, 1937) * *M. setzeri* Rossolimo, 1976 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Philistomys* Bate, 1937 | |


title: Guo Hao

abstract: Guo Hao is a Chinese professional football player who currently plays as a midfielder for Chinese Super League side Tianjin Jinmen Tiger.

text:
# Guo Hao

**Guo Hao** (Chinese: 郭皓; born 14 January 1993) is a Chinese professional football player who currently plays as a midfielder for Chinese Super League side Tianjin Jinmen Tiger.

## Club career

Guo Hao received organized football training at Locomotive academy. In 2010, he was promoted to Jingtie Locomotive's first team squad for the 2010 China League One. He left Locomotive in the middle of 2010 season and joined Chinese Super League side Tianjin Teda youth team system. Guo was named in the first team squad by Alexandre Guimarães in 2013. He made his senior debut on 10 July 2013 in the fourth round of 2013 Chinese FA Cup against Liaoning Whowin. His Super League debut came on 3 November 2013 in a game against Shanghai Shenxin, coming on as a substitute for Wang Xinxin in the 73rd minute. On 19 July 2015, he scored his first senior goal in a 4–3 home defeat to Guizhou Renhe.

On 8 April 2021, Guo joined top-tier club Cangzhou Mighty Lions for the start of the 2021 Chinese Super League season. He would make his debut in a league game on 21 April 2021 against Qingdao F.C. in a 2–1 defeat. Despite the loss he would go on to establish himself a regular within the team by making 18 appearances throughout the season. After two seasons at Cangzhou he would return to his previous club Tianjin, with them renamed as Tianjin Jinmen Tiger on 30 March 2023.

## Career statistics

*Statistics accurate as of match played 31 January 2023.*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jingtie Locomotive | 2010 | China League Two | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 0 | 0 |
| Tianjin Teda | 2013 | Chinese Super League | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 2 | 0 |
| | 2014 | | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 19 | 0 |
| | 2015 | | 16 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | | - | | 18 | 1 |
| | 2016 | | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 21 | 0 |
| | 2017 | | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 17 | 0 |
| | 2018 | | 25 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 26 | 1 |
| | 2019 | | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 21 | 0 |
| | 2020 | | 16 | 0 | 4 | 0 | - | | - | | 20 | 0 |
| | Total | | 133 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144 | 2 |
| Cangzhou Mighty Lions | 2021 | Chinese Super League | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 18 | 0 |
| | 2022 | | 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 23 | 0 |
| | Total | | 40 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| Tianjin Jinmen Tiger | 2023 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 173 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 185 | 2 |

## InfoBox

Guo Hao
郭皓
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1993-01-14) 14 January 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Tianjin, China | | |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Tianjin Jinmen Tiger | | |
| Number | 36 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Locomotive | | |
| 2010–2012 | Tianjin Teda | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010 | Jingtie Locomotive | 0 | (0) |
| 2013–2020 | Tianjin Teda | 133 | (2) |
| 2021–2022 | Cangzhou Mighty Lions | 40 | (0) |
| 2023– | Tianjin Jinmen Tiger | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
|  | China U19 | 7 | (0) |
|  | China U23 | 4 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 January 2023 | | | |


title: Vrvari

abstract: Vrvari is a village in the municipality of Poreč-Parenzo, Istria in Croatia.

text:
# Vrvari

**Vrvari** (Italian: **Varvari** or **Varvaro**) is a village in the municipality of Poreč-Parenzo, Istria in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 951. It was 792 in 2011.

## InfoBox

| Vrvari Varvari, Varvaro | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Vrvari | |
| Coordinates: 45°13′N 13°38′E / 45.217°N 13.633°E / 45.217; 13.633 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Istria County |
| Municipality | Poreč |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.8 sq mi (2.1 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 951 |
| Density | 1,200/sq mi (450/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 52440 Poreč |
| Area code | 052 |


title: Gundamma Gari Krishnulu

abstract: Gundamma Gari Krishnulu is a 1987 Telugu-language comedy film, produced by Midde Rama Rao under the Sri Rajalakshmi Art Pictures banner and directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao. It stars Rajendra Prasad, Subhalekha Sudhakar, Rajani, Poornima, and Nirmalamma. The music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was recorded as a Hit at the box office.

text:
# Gundamma Gari Krishnulu

***Gundamma Gari Krishnulu*** (transl.Gundamma's Krishnas) is a 1987 Telugu-language comedy film, produced by Midde Rama Rao under the Sri Rajalakshmi Art Pictures banner and directed by Relangi Narasimha Rao. It stars Rajendra Prasad, Subhalekha Sudhakar, Rajani, Poornima, and Nirmalamma. The music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was recorded as a *Hit* at the box office.

## Plot

The film begins in a village where an indomitable lady, Gundamma, has two grandsons, sharing the cognate title Gopala Krishna and pronounced as Peddodu & Chinnodu, respectively. The two gain a good position in the town. Gundamma arranges marriage proposals for them, which Peddodu denies since he aims to marry by his own choice. Indeed, he chooses to marry Saroja, the daughter of Gangadharam. Unbeknownst, she joins as Peddodu's subordinate, and they crush. Chinnodu walks in to confirm the alliance with a village girl, Lakshmi, overseen by his grandmother. At first sight, he falls for her, and she, too, reciprocates. Parallelly, as a glimpse, the sibling's homeowner, Seetapati, constantly pesters the visitors because his daughter Savitri is deserted by her husband Mohan for dowry.

Eventually, Gangadharam proceeds to Peddodu to schedule the union, when he mortifies him. Ergo, Saroja rages and approaches their residence, where she strikes Chinnodu in confusion. Soon after, Saroja discerns the fact and loathes Peddodu. Next, the two move to an official camp where they hit a stroke of fortune via Gun Papa Rao, who pledges to join the turtle doves. He forcibly carries them, but they wittily abscond, and their love rekindles. Coincidentally, Mohan ruses for re-wedlock and picks up Lakshmi. So, he blemishes Chinnodu's affiliation with a marriage broker, Panthatulu. Hence, Peddodu advises him to elope with her and that he will conduct their marriage. Besides, Savitri is vexed and attempts suicide when Peddodu & Saroja secure and assure to amend the error of Mohan. Thus, they reform him with Papa Rao's aid, who accepts his wife.

Meanwhile, Chinnodu sets foot in Lakshmi's village and plans an escape. Unfortunately, he cannot catch the bus on time, so Lakshmi departs alone, where she is clutched by vicious Veeraju, who runs a den of iniquity. Hereupon, Veeraju's wife supports Lakshmi by writing to Chinnodu about the difficulty that Peddodu receives. Reading it, Saroja discards him by mistrust. Peddodu immediately rushes to shield Lakshmi. By then, Veeraju gravely injures his wife for assisting Lakshmi and is declared dead. So, frightened Lakshmi flees, and Peddodu is incriminated. Simultaneously, Chinnodu clears Saroja's suspicion, and they advance for Peddodu. Then they know the plight and speed up in quest of Lakshmi, whom Papa Rao fortunately guards. At last, after a few comic incidents, they are acquitted as non-guilty. Finally, the movie ends happily with the marriages of Peddodu & Saroja and Chinnodu & Lakshmi.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Gundamma Gari Krishnulu | |
| --- | --- |
| Film score by K. Chakravarthy | |
| Released | 1987 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Length | 16:17 |
| Label | LEO Audio |
| Producer | K. Chakravarthy |

Music composed by K. Chakravarthy was released on LEO Audio Company. Lyrics were written by Veturi and Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry.

Track list
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Thom Tharikita Tharikita" | Veturi | Mano, P. Susheela | 3:37 |
| 2. | "How Are You Miss Give Me A Kiss" | Veturi | Mano, P. Susheela | 4:03 |
| 3. | "Hey Krishna Mukunda" | Veturi | Mano, P. Susheela | 4:41 |
| 4. | "Poddu Manaku Vaddu" | Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry | Mano, P. Susheela | 3:56 |
| Total length: | | | | 16:17 |

## Other

* VCDs and DVDs on - SHALIMAR Video Company, Hyderabad

## InfoBox

| Gundamma Gari Krishnulu | |
| --- | --- |
| Title card | |
| Directed by | Relangi Narasimha Rao |
| Written by | Satyanand (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | Relangi Narasimha Rao |
| Story by | Bhamidapaati Radhakrishna Murthy |
| Produced by | Midde Rama Rao |
| Starring | Rajendra Prasad
Rajani |
| Cinematography | B. Koteswara Rao |
| Edited by | D. Venkataratnam |
| Music by | Chakravarthy |
| Production
company | Sri Rajalakshmi Art Pictures |
| Release date | * 6 August 1987 (1987-08-06) |
| Running time | 120 min |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Gundamma Gaari Manavadu

abstract: Gundamma Gaari Manavadu is a 2007 Indian Telugu-language film starring Ali, Sindhuri, and Nicole. The film is directed by B. Jaya. The film was released on 28 April 2007. The film was commercially successful and ran for fifty days.

text:
# Gundamma Gaari Manavadu

***Gundamma Gaari Manavadu*** (*Mrs. Gundamma's grandson*) is a 2007 Indian Telugu-language film starring Ali, Sindhuri, and Nicole. The film is directed by B. Jaya. The film was released on 28 April 2007. The film was commercially successful and ran for fifty days.

## Plot

The title is suggestive of a grandmother-grandson relationship. Yedukondalu (played by comedian Ali) is looked after by his grandmother Gundamma (Vadivukkarasi) after his mother's death while his father, Srisailam (Tanikella Bharani) is an alcoholic. Ali falls in love with Mahalakshmi (Sindhuri), whose father Neelakanta (Kota Srinivasa Rao) is a greedy person and wants his would-be son-in-law to own a hotel. With the help of his grandmother (she sells off her jewellery) Yedukondalu sets up a hotel.

Neelakatna reluctantly agrees to the match but later calls off the wedding after receiving a better marriage proposal for his daughter. Yedukondalu is beaten up and dumped on the railway track. Injured, he nevertheless rescues a girl (Nicole) stuck in a car on the tracks. Together they join hands to set up a successful restaurant. Yedukondalu then distances himself from Mahalakshmi. Whether he ends up with her makes up the rest of the story.

## Cast

## Reception

A critic from *Rediff.com* rated the film one-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "Jaya seems to have got carried away by the commercial format resulting in an out of sync effect. Overall an average film." A critic from *Indiaglitz* wrote that "Poor narration, improper screenplay, unnecessary characters (Jayalalitha, Kondavalasa, AVS, Mallikarjuna Rao), unnecessary scenes (learning swimming, temple scene with Nicole) spoiled the film."

## InfoBox

| Gundamma Gaari Manavadu | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | B. Jaya |
| Written by | Polur Ghatikachalam (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | B. Jaya |
| Produced by | R. R. Venkat |
| Starring | Ali
Sindhuri
Nicole |
| Cinematography | Purna Kandru |
| Production
company | R. R. Movie Makers |
| Release date | * 28 April 2007 (2007-04-28) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: NASA X-57 Maxwell

abstract: The NASA X-57 Maxwell was an experimental aircraft developed by NASA, intended to demonstrate technology to reduce fuel use, emissions, and noise. The first flight of the X-57 was scheduled to take place in 2023, but the program was cancelled due to problems with the propulsion system.

text:
# NASA X-57 Maxwell

The **NASA X-57 Maxwell** was an experimental aircraft developed by NASA, intended to demonstrate technology to reduce fuel use, emissions, and noise. The first flight of the X-57 was scheduled to take place in 2023, but the program was cancelled due to problems with the propulsion system.

## Development

The experiment involved replacing the wings on a twin-engined Italian-built Tecnam P2006T (a conventional four-seater light aircraft) with distributed electric propulsion (DEP) wings, each containing electrically driven propellers. Test flights were initially planned to commence in 2017.

The first test phase used an 18-engine truck-mounted wing. The second phase installed the cruise propellers and motors on a standard P2006T for ground- and flight-test experience. Phase 3 tests were to involve the high-lift DEP wing and demonstrate increased high-speed cruise efficiency. The leading-edge nacelles would be fitted, but the high-lift propellers, motors and controllers would not be installed. Phase 4 was to add the DEP motors and folding propellers to demonstrate lift-augmentation.

### LEAPTech project

The *Leading Edge Asynchronous Propeller Technology* (*LEAPTech*) project is a NASA project developing an experimental electric aircraft technology involving many small electric motors driving individual small propellers distributed along the edge of each aircraft wing. To optimize performance, each motor can be operated independently at different speeds, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, improving aircraft performance and ride quality, and reducing aircraft noise.

The LEAPTech project began in 2014 when researchers from NASA Langley Research Center and NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center partnered with two California companies, Empirical Systems Aerospace (ESAero) in Pismo Beach and Joby Aviation in Santa Cruz, California. ESAero is the prime contractor responsible for system integration and instrumentation, while Joby is responsible for design and manufacture of the electric motors, propellers, and carbon fiber wing section.

In 2015, NASA researchers were ground testing a 31 ft (9.4 m) span, carbon composite wing section with 18 electric motors powered by lithium iron phosphate batteries. Preliminary testing up to 40 mph (64 km/h; 35 kn) took place in January at Oceano County Airport on California's Central Coast. Mounted on a specially modified truck, it was tested at up to 70 mph (110 km/h; 61 kn) across a dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base later in 2015.

The experiment precedes the X-57 Maxwell X-plane demonstrator proposed under NASA's Transformative Aeronautics Concepts program. A piloted X-plane should fly within a couple of years, after replacing a Tecnam P2006T wings and engines with an improved version of the LEAPTech wing and motors. Using an existing airframe will allow engineers to easily compare the performance of the X-plane with the original P2006T.

### X-57 Maxwell

The X-57 project was publicly revealed by NASA Administrator Charles Bolden on 17 June 2016 in a keynote speech to the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) at its Aviation 2016 exposition. The plane was named for Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

NASA's first X-plane in over a decade, it is part of NASA's New Aviation Horizons initiative, which will also produce up to five larger-scale aircraft. The X-57 was built by the agency's SCEPTOR project, over a four-year development period at Armstrong Flight Research Center, California, with a first flight initially planned for 2017.

In July 2017, Scaled Composites was modifying a first P2006T to the X-57 Mod II configuration by replacing the piston engines with Joby Aviation electric motors, to fly early in 2018. Mod III configuration will move the motors to the wingtips to increase propulsive efficiency. Mod IV configuration will see the installation of the Xperimental, LLC high aspect ratio wing with 12 smaller propellers along its leading edge to augment its takeoff and landing aerodynamic lift.

The donor Tecnam P2006T was received in California in July 2016. In a December 2016 test, a battery cell was shorted and the overheating spread to other cells, requiring the packaging to be redesigned from eight to sixteen modules with aluminum honeycomb separators. The Rotax 912s will be replaced by 60 kW (80 hp) electric motors for the Mod II. The Mod III weight target is 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) from the P2006T 2,700 lb (1,200 kg) and aims for 500% higher high-speed cruise efficiency as the smaller wing will reduce cruise drag, while wingtip propellers will counter the wingtip vortices. The Mod IV with 12 propellers to take off and land at the same speeds as the P2006T is yet unfunded.

In December 2017, the redesigned passively cooled battery module with 320 lithium-ion cell down from 640 passed testing. The experience helped Electric Power Systems develop a battery for the Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer 2 which made its first flight in April 2018. Joby Aviation delivered three cruise motors in 2017, and was assembling the final pair in June 2018. Motor acceptance testing involving an 80-hour endurance test was to be simplified before vehicle integration. Contractor ES Aero will lead extensive ground-tests over months, culminating in a mission-like 30 minutes at full power test, before flying within 2019.

By September 2018, the first Joby Aviation JM-X57 electric cruise motors were mounted with controllers, batteries and new cockpit displays at Scaled Composites in Mojave, before flight tests in mid-2019. Construction of the ESAero high aspect ratio, low drag composite wing was then almost finished, to fly the Mod 3 by mid-2020.

Built by Xperimental, the cruise-optimized wing load testing was completed by September 2019, to ±120% of design load limit, verifying free movement of control surfaces and vibration testing for flutter predictions. After motor ground runs, ESAero was to deliver the Mod 2 X-plane with electric motors replacing the original piston engines to NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center in California on the first week of October. ESAero delivered it on October 2, 2019. At that time, systems ground tests were to start by the end of 2019, and flight tests were to begin in the third quarter of 2020.

By February 2021, NASA was to start Mod 2 high-voltage functional ground testing at the Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, toward taxi tests and first flight.

In June 2023, the program was cancelled due to safety problems discovered with the propulsion system that were not solvable within the allocated budget and time for the program. The program had been started on the assumption that the existing electric propulsion technology was mature enough for safe flight, but that turned out to not be the case.

## Design

Modified from a Tecnam P2006T, the X-57 would have been an electric aircraft, with 14 electric motors driving propellers mounted on the wing leading edges. All 14 electric motors will be used during takeoff and landing, with only the outer two used during cruise. The additional airflow over the wings created by the additional motors generates greater lift, allowing for a narrower wing. The aircraft seats two. It will have a range of 100 mi (160 km) and a maximum flight time of approximately one hour. The X-57's designers hope to reduce by five-fold the energy necessary to fly a light aircraft at 175 mph (282 km/h; 152 kn). A threefold reduction should come from the switch from piston engines to battery-electric.

Distributed propulsion increases the number and decreases the size of airplane engines. Electric motors are substantially smaller and lighter than jet engines of equivalent power. This allows them to be placed in different, more favorable locations. In this case, the engines are to be mounted above and distributed along the wings rather than suspended below them.

The propellers are mounted above the wing. They will increase the air flow over the wing at lower speeds, increasing its lift. The increased lift allows it to operate on shorter runways. Such a wing could be only a third of the width of the wing it replaces, saving weight and fuel costs. Typical light aircraft wings are relatively large to prevent the craft from stalling (which happens at low airspeeds, when the wing cannot provide sufficient lift). Large wings are inefficient at cruising speed because they create excess drag. The wings will be optimised for cruise, with the motors protecting it from low-speed stalls and achieving the small aircraft standard of 70 mph (113 km/h; 61 kn).

The speed of each propeller can be controlled independently, offering the ability to change the over-wing airflow pattern to cope with flying conditions, such as wind gusts. When cruising, the propellers closer to the fuselage could be folded back to further reduce drag, leaving those towards the wing tips to move the plane. Such aircraft would have no in-flight emissions, operate with less noise and reduce operating costs by an estimated 30%. Cruising efficiency was expected to increase 3.5 to 5-fold.

The 31.6 ft (9.6 m) span wing with an aspect ratio of 15 compares to a span of 37.4 ft (11.4 m) and an aspect ratio of 8.8 for the stock P2006T wing, the slender wing's chord is 2.48 ft (0.76 m) at the wing root and 1.74 ft (0.53 m) at the tip. The wing features twelve 1.89 ft (0.58 m) diameter cruise propellers that each require 14.4 kW (19.3 hp) of motor power at 63 mph (102 km/h; 55 kn) and turn at 4,548 rpm. The five-blade propellers fold in cruise to reduce drag. Each wingtip hosts two 3-blade 5 ft (1.5 m) diameter cruise propellers that each require 48.1 kW (64.5 hp) at 170 mph (280 km/h; 150 kn) and turn at 2,250 rpm. The wingtip location offers favorable interaction with the wingtip vortices, expected to provide a 5% drag saving. The 47 kWh (170 MJ) battery packs weight 860 lb (390 kg) for a 121 Wh/kg density.

The high-lift array of 12 propellers should maintain the 67 mph (107 km/h; 58 kn) stall speed. The optimized wing has 40% of the baseline area, reducing friction drag, and a wing loading 2.6 times higher. It will be 32.8 ft (10.0 m) wide but will have a 40% smaller chord, for a wing loading up from 17 to 45 psf (83 to 220 kg/m2), and should cruise at a higher lift coefficient, around 4, more than double the baseline wing.

## Specifications (Mod IV)

*Data from* NASA

**General characteristics**

* **Capacity:** 2 people
* **Wingspan:** 32.8 ft (10.0 m)
* **Wing area:** 67.0 sq ft (6.22 m2) 42% of the 14.8 m2 baseline area
* **Aspect ratio:** 15
* **Gross weight:** 3,000 lb (1,361 kg)
* **Battery:** lithium-ion, 460V, 69.1 kWh total, 47 kWh usable, 860 lb (390 kg), 80 Wh/lb (180 Wh/kg) specific energy
* **Powerplant:** 2 × custom electric motors, 97 hp (72 kW) each (max), 80 hp (60 kW) each (continuous),
117 lb (53 kg) each (incl. the propeller), air-cooled, the only motors to be used during the cruise, mounted on the wing-tips
* **Powerplant:** 12 × custom electric motors, 14.1 hp (10.5 kW) each ,
15 lb (6.8 kg) each (incl. the propeller), air-cooled, only for take-offs and landings, mounted on the wing leading edges
* **Propellers:** 2 × custom 3-blade propellers, 5 ft (1.5 m) diameter, 2,250 rpm, independently-controlled variable speed
* **Propellers:** 12 × custom 5-blade propellers, 1.9 ft (0.58 m) diameter, 4,548 rpm, independently-controlled variable speed, foldable

**Performance**

* **Cruise speed:** 149 kn (172 mph, 277 km/h) at 8,000 ft
* **Stall speed:** 58 kn (67 mph, 107 km/h)
* **Range:** 87 nmi (100 mi, 160 km)
* **Endurance:** approx. 1 hour
* **Service ceiling:** 14,000 ft (4,300 m)
* **Wing loading:** 45 lb/sq ft (220 kg/m2)
* **Lift coefficient**: 4 (possible due to the extra lift provided by propellers placed as to increase the airflow over the wings)

## InfoBox

| X-57 Maxwell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist's concept of the X-57 (Mod IV) | |
| Role | Experimental light aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | ESAero |
| Status | Cancelled (June 2023) |
| Primary user | NASA |
| Developed from | Tecnam P2006T |


title: Vox Angeli

abstract: Vox Angeli were a French junior vocal group founded 2008 and disbanded 2011. The group recorded on Sony Music Entertainment and was inspired by the commercial success of Simon Cowell's similar UK project with six children Angelis, which ran from 2006-2007, but in the case of Vox Angeli singing French songs. The French group had more success than the UK original and were able to record with major French artists including Charles Aznavour and Calogero. As of 2014, Vox Angeli has returned and released a new album titled: Amour et Paix.

text:
# Vox Angeli

**Vox Angeli** were a French junior vocal group founded 2008 and disbanded 2011. The group recorded on Sony Music Entertainment and was inspired by the commercial success of Simon Cowell's similar UK project with six children Angelis, which ran from 2006-2007, but in the case of Vox Angeli singing French songs. The French group had more success than the UK original and were able to record with major French artists including Charles Aznavour and Calogero. As of 2014, Vox Angeli has returned and released a new album titled: Amour et Paix.

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | FR
 | BEL
(Wa)
 | SUI
 |
| 2008 | *Vox Angeli* | 2 | 4 | 29 |
| | *Imagine* | 18 | 21 | 84 |
| 2009 | *Gloria* | 45 | 47 |  |
| 2010 | *Irlande* | 75 |  |  |
| 2014 | *Amour et Paix* | 74 |  |  |
|

Others * 2009: *Viox Angeli / Imagine* (rerelease: FR: #74)


title: Võipere

abstract: Võipere is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Painter Arnold Akberg (1894–1984) is born in this village.

text:
# Võipere

**Võipere** is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

Painter Arnold Akberg (1894–1984) is born in this village.

## InfoBox

| Võipere | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Võipere | |
| Coordinates: 59°25′N 26°07′E / 59.417°N 26.117°E / 59.417; 26.117 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Lääne-Viru County |
| Parish | Kadrina Parish |
| Population (2007) | |
| Total | 56 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Mütiilation

abstract: Mütiilation is a French black metal project, traditionally known as a group, but later slimmed to a solo act that consisted solely of founder William "Meyhna'ch" Roussel who maintained activity under the name until its closing in 2017. He later reactivated the band as of March 2024. Mütiilation has released six full-length albums and appeared on several EPs and compilations.

text:
# Mütiilation

**Mütiilation** is a French black metal project, traditionally known as a group, but later slimmed to a solo act that consisted solely of founder William "Meyhna'ch" Roussel who maintained activity under the name until its closing in 2017. He later reactivated the band as of March 2024. Mütiilation has released six full-length albums and appeared on several EPs and compilations.

## History

Mütiilation was founded in 1991 by Meyhna'ch, drummer Dark Wizzard of Silence and bassist David. They recorded a few demos as a trio until 1993, when David left due to Mütiilation becoming the first band of the Black Legions. At this time, Mütiilation released an EP to honor the circle titled *Hail Satanas We Are the Black Legions*.

Shortly after, Dark Wizzard of Silence was replaced by Krissagrazabeth, who recorded with the band up to *Vampires of Black Imperial Blood*. Once again, he left due to disagreements with the Black Legions. On the contrary, Mørdrëd, who played bass, was properly admitted into the circle; this line-up was featured in *The Black Plague – First Chapter (And Maybe Last One)*.

In 1999 Drakkar Productions released a compilation of unreleased material, *Remains of a Ruined, Dead, Cursed Soul.* The album stated that Meyhna'ch was "dead" due to disgust with the black metal scene. However, in 2001, Mütiilation came back with the release of *Black Millenium (Grimly Reborn)*, with another scathing message against the scene. At this point the band had become a solo project, and Meyhna'ch still used the Black Legions' emblem on some releases.

Mütiilation then followed with two performances with acts such as Impiety, Abigail, Decayed, Tsjuder, Watain and Judas Iscariot. During this time Noktu, Fureiss and Astrelya from Celestia were used as live members, filling in for guitars and drums. TND played bass at the gig in Marseille, yet could not perform in Germendorf.

Following three more studio albums and a split with Satanic Warmaster and Drowning the Light, Meyhna'ch quietly deactivated Mütiilation. Despite a one-off performance at the 2015 edition of Hellfest, Meyhna'ch has carried on with new music under his own alias, and maintains that Mütiilation is "dead".

In March 2024, on a Facebook post, Meyhna’ch announced he has revived the project, and that a seventh studio album is due to be released.. Since then, as of March 29th, 2024, said album has been released under the title *Black Metal Cult*. The album was described as "utterly uncompromising", expressing "the sense of tragic drama and hopelessness".

## Members

### Current

* Meyhna'ch – bass, guitar, drum programming, vocals (1991–1996, 2000–2009, 2009–2017, 2024–Present)
* Kham – drums (2024–Present)

### Former

* Dark Wizzard of Silence – drums (1992–1994)
* David – bass (1992–1994)
* Krissagrazabeth – drums (1994)
* Mørdrëd – bass (1995)
* TND – bass (2001)
* Andy Julia – drums (2001)
* Cyril Mendre – guitar (2001)
* Fureiss Frank – guitar (2001)
* Azk.6 – drums (2015–2017)
* Reverend Prick – bass (2015–2017)
* Patrice Duthoo – guitar (2015–2017)

## Discography

### Albums

### Demos

* *Rehearsal 1992* (1992)
* *Rites through the Twilight of Hell* (1992)
* *Ceremony of the Black Cult* (1993)
* *Evil – The Gestalt of Abomination* (1993)
* *Cursed (Rehearsal 1994)* (1994)
* *Satanist Styrken* (1994)
* *Black Imperial Blood (Travel)* (1994)
* *Rehearsal 2001* (2001)
* *Destroy Your Life for Satan* (2001)

### EPs, splits and compilations

## Works cited

## InfoBox

| Mütiilation | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Grabels, France |
| Genres | Black metal |
| Years active | 1991–1996, 2000–2009, 2014–2017, 2024-Present |
| Labels | Drakkar Productions
End All Life Productions |
|  | |
| Members | Meyhna'ch
Kham |


title: Guadalix de la Sierra

abstract: Guadalix de la Sierra is a municipality of the Community of Madrid, Spain. According to the 2014 census, the municipality has a population of 6,057 inhabitants.

text:
# Guadalix de la Sierra

**Guadalix de la Sierra** is a municipality of the Community of Madrid, Spain.

According to the 2014 census, the municipality has a population of 6,057 inhabitants.

## Landscape

## Public transport

### Bus

```
auto
```

## InfoBox

| Guadalix de la Sierra | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Guadalix de la SierraLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 40°47′N 3°41′W / 40.783°N 3.683°W / 40.783; -3.683 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Community of Madrid |
| Comarca | Cuenca Alta del Manzanares |
| Area | |
| Total | 24 sq mi (61 km2) |
| Elevation | 2,730 ft (832 m) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 6,119 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 28794 |


title: Guadalmellato Reservoir

abstract: Guadalmellato Reservoir is a reservoir in Adamuz, province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain. In 2009, the Iberian lynx which had been on the verge of extinction was reintroduced into the area of the Embalse de Guadalmellato, resulting in a population of 23 in 2013.

text:
# Guadalmellato Reservoir

**Guadalmellato Reservoir** is a reservoir in Adamuz, province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain.

In 2009, the Iberian lynx which had been on the verge of extinction was reintroduced into the area of the Embalse de Guadalmellato, resulting in a population of 23 in 2013.

## InfoBox

| Guadalmellato Reservoir | |
| --- | --- |
| Guadalmellato Reservoir | |
| Location | Adamuz |
| Coordinates | 38°4′5″N 4°41′21″W / 38.06806°N 4.68917°W / 38.06806; -4.68917 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Primary inflows | Guadalmellato River |
| Basin countries | Spain |
| Built | 1928 (1928) |