title: Waltham Manufacturing Company

abstract: Waltham Manufacturing Company (WMC) was a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles, motorized tricycles and quadricycles, buckboards, and automobiles in Waltham, Massachusetts. It sold products under the brand names Orient, Waltham, and Waltham-Orient. The company was founded in 1893, moving to self-propelled vehicles after 1898.

text:
# Waltham Manufacturing Company

**Waltham Manufacturing Company** (WMC) was a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles, motorized tricycles and quadricycles, buckboards, and automobiles in Waltham, Massachusetts. It sold products under the brand names **Orient**, **Waltham,** and **Waltham-Orient**. The company was founded in 1893, moving to self-propelled vehicles after 1898.

## History

Waltham Manufacturing Company was founded by Waltham businessmen around engineer Charles Herman Metz (1863-1937). Metz encouraged two employees to build a steam car of their own in the company's premises, which led to the Waltham Steam. Metz imported French Aster engines, and secured the U.S. distributorship for De Dion-Bouton engines and imported this maker's tricycles and quadricycles. Using De Dion-Bouton patents, WMC started building their own Orient Autogo and Orient Autogo Quad in 1899.

An early investor in WMC, Charles A. Coffin (1844-1926), first president of General Electric, ordered an electric prototype in 1898, which didn't go into production. Metz experimented with engines mounted on bicycles. The evolving Orient Aster was one of the first U.S.-built motorcycles. Metz was assisted by famed French bicycle racer Albert Champion (1878—1927) who arrived in the U.S. around 1899, becoming one of the first professional motorbike racers. Metz is even claimed to have found the expression "motor cycle" for his new vehicle, first used in an 1899 advertisement. Further, engines of Metz' design were developed and produced.

WMC's first car was a motor buggy called the Orient Victoriette, followed by two runabouts in 1902 and 1903. About 400 of the earlier model were sold; the newer *Orient Runabout No. 9* was not a success with about 50 examples built.

In 1902, Metz left the company, founding Metz Motorcycle Company and C.H. Metz Company in town soon after. Engineer Leonard B. Gaylor succeeded him at WMC. The same year, Gaylor introduced a very light model with friction drive, sold as the *Orient Buckboard*. It seated 2 passengers and sold for just $425 (equivalent to $14,967 in 2023), making it the lowest-priced automobile available. The vertically mounted air-cooled single-cylinder engine, situated at the rear of the car, produced 4 hp (3.0 kW). The car had tiller steering, weighed 500 pounds (230 kg) and had a 100 mi (160 km) range, though minimal springing and the complete lack of any bodywork made it less than practical for a long journey. In the next years, it was offered in several models (including a diminutive delivery car), got an improved suspension, steering wheel, two chains instead of one belt to transmit the power to the rear wheels, and an optional 8 hp (6.0 kW) two cylinder engine. It remained in production until 1907.

Plant superintendent John Robbins left in 1904. He was replaced by Leo Melanowski who was also chief engineer.

More conventional cars came in 1905 with front-mounted, water cooled inline 4-cylinder engines of 16 or 20 hp (12 or 15 kW) and chain drive. They were made until 1908. These power-plants were of proprietary design and consisted of four single cylinders mounted on a common crankcase.

Melanowski left in 1906, his position taken by William H. Little. Little developed a small runabout with a 10 hp (7.5 kW) V-twin engine and friction drive. Shortly before production started in 1908, WMC got into financial trouble and to avoid bankruptcy, their bank negotiated with Charles Metz. In July 1908, the C.H. Metz Company bought WMC, making Metz owner of one of the largest automobile manufacturer in the U.S. Reorganizations followed in 1909 and 1910, when the C.H. Metz Co. and WMC together were reorganized as the Metz Company.

Little's small car became the Metz Two, sold by marketing in 14 batches and assembled by the customer. It worked, and the company was not only out of debt in less than a year but also sold its huge stock of parts.

## Further reading

* Hiscox, Gardner Dexter (1900), "Waltham Manufacturing Co.", *Horseless vehicles*, New York: N. W. Henley & co., OL 7244186M
* Beverly Rae Kimes: *Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America.* editor SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Permissions, Warrendale PA 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X (hardcover)

* *Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly* (January, 1904)

### Bicycles, motorcycles, and Autogos

### Automobile

## InfoBox

Waltham Manufacturing Company
|
|  |
| Company type | Automobile manufacturing |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | 1893 (1893) |
| Founder | Charles Herman Metz, Prof. Herbert L. Thompson, Elmer G. Howe, Frank L. Howe, William Parrot |
| Defunct | 1910 (1910) |
| Fate | 1908 take-over, 1910 absorbed |
| Successor | Metz Company |
| Headquarters | Waltham, Massachusetts, United States |
| Key people | Charles Herman Metz, Leonard B. Gaylor, Charles A. Coffin, John Robbins, Albert Champion, Leo Melanowsky, William H. Little |
| Products | Bicycles
motorcycles
motorized tricycles & quadricycles
buckboards
automobiles
gasoline engines
automotive parts |
| Number of employees | ca. 200 in 1909 |


title: Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15

abstract: The Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15, also known as the Tecumseh Railroad Bridge due to its close proximity to the city of Tecumseh, is a historic railway deck truss bridge that spans the River Raisin in rural Raisin Charter Township in Lenawee County, Michigan. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 2001.

text:
# Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15

The **Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15**, also known as the **Tecumseh Railroad Bridge** due to its close proximity to the city of Tecumseh, is a historic railway deck truss bridge that spans the River Raisin in rural Raisin Charter Township in Lenawee County, Michigan. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 2001.

## History

The Palmyra and Jacksonburgh Railroad was organized in the 1830s as a branch of the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad. Both railroads failed in the late 1830s, and the lines were leased to the Michigan Southern Railway (later the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway). In about 1890, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern contracted the Union Bridge Company of Athens, Pennsylvania to fabricate trusses for a bridge on the original Erie & Kalamazoo line. In 1896, they reused these trusses, along with new steel plate girder spans were fabricated by the Detroit Bridge & Iron Works and the Toledo Bridge Company to fabricate this bridge.

The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway was later absorbed into other railroads, and in 1982 Conrail abandoned the branch on which this bridge sits. The Southern Michigan Railroad Society purchased the Jackson Branch and the bridge in 1985, and operates historic trains on the bridge.

## Description

The 254-foot-10½-inch-long (77.7 m) four-span bridge carries a single track over the River Raisin. The railway sits 40 feet (12 m) above the river's surface. The closest road to the bridge is North Raisin Center Highway approximately 250 feet (76 m) east of the bridge. The area is heavily wooded, and the bridge cannot be seen from the roadway during the summer months. Access to the bridge is strictly prohibited, however it can be crossed via passenger train.

The bridge consists of a Pratt deck truss span 116 feet in length, with pinned connections and inclined end posts, spanning the river; along with two deck plate girder spans, each 44 feet in length, at one end; and a third deck plate girder span, 50 feet in length, at the other. The bridge is supported by ashlar abutments and piers. The bridge deck is 10 feet wide, and is constructed of 8X8 timbers.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Jackson Branch Bridge No. 15 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location within the state of MichiganJackson Branch Bridge No. 15 (the United States) | |
| Location | Crossing the River Raisin in Raisin Charter Township, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 41°56′35″N 83°56′46″W / 41.94306°N 83.94611°W / 41.94306; -83.94611 |
| Built | 1896 |
| Architect | Union Bridge Company, Detroit Bridge and Iron Works, Toledo Bridge Company |
| Architectural style | Truss bridge |
| NRHP reference No. | 01000572 |
| Added to NRHP | December 4, 2001 |


title: Ori-tang

abstract: Oritang (Korean: 오리탕) is a variety of guk, Korean soup or stew made by slowly simmering duck and various vegetables. Ori means "duck" and tang is another name for guk in Korean. While its recipe depends on region and taste, the soup is generally in a form of a clear soup. Some variants can contain chili pepper powder to make the soup spicy like maeuntang or roasted perilla seeds to thicken the dish. Oritang is a local specialty of Gyeonggi Province and South Jeolla Province, especially Gwangju City. In Gwangju, about 20 restaurants specializing in oritang and other duck dishes are centered on Yudong Alley in Buk-gu.

text:
# Ori-tang

| Ori-tang | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 오리 |
| Hanja | 오리 |
| Revised Romanization | *oritang* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *orit'ang* |

***Oritang*** (Korean: 오리탕) is a variety of *guk*, Korean soup or stew made by slowly simmering duck and various vegetables. *Ori* means "duck" and *tang* is another name for *guk* in Korean. While its recipe depends on region and taste, the soup is generally in a form of a clear soup. Some variants can contain chili pepper powder to make the soup spicy like *maeuntang* (spicy fish soup) or roasted perilla seeds to thicken the dish. *Oritang* is a local specialty of Gyeonggi Province and South Jeolla Province, especially Gwangju City. In Gwangju, about 20 restaurants specializing in *oritang* and other duck dishes are centered on Yudong Alley in Buk-gu (Northern District).

## InfoBox

Oritang
| Oritang | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Guk |
| Place of origin | Korea |
| Main ingredients | Duck, vegetables |


title: Gege (title)

abstract: Gege is the Manchu word for an unmarried daughter. During the Qing dynasty, it was the Manchu style of an imperial-born princess of an emperor. Daughters of all imperial princes above the rank of jiangjun also used the same title. When a Manchu prince had concubines, the status of the wives, from highest to lowest, are the following: difujin, cefujin, and gege. Historically, there were many gege, but few ever ascended to the status of cefujin. A gege could also be a daughter of imperial princess, even if she was promoted to gulun or heshuo princess. Only difujin and cefujin names are recorded in the imperial family lists of family members.

text:
# Gege (title)

**Gege** (Manchu: ᡤᡝᡤᡝ; Chinese: 格格; pinyin: *Gégé*; Wade–Giles: *Ko2-ko2*) is the Manchu word for an unmarried daughter. During the Qing dynasty, it was the Manchu style of an imperial-born princess of an emperor. Daughters of all imperial princes above the rank of jiangjun also used the same title.

When a Manchu prince had concubines, the status of the wives, from highest to lowest, are the following: difujin (the official wife), cefujin (the first rank concubine), and gege. Historically, there were many gege, but few ever ascended to the status of cefujin. A gege could also be a daughter of imperial princess, even if she was promoted to gulun or heshuo princess. Only difujin and cefujin names are recorded in the imperial family lists of family members.

## Princess

Before the establishment of the Qing dynasty, the daughters of khans were referred to as "gege" by personal names or the names of lands they lived after the marriage. After 1658, the personal names of imperial princesses were not recorded in imperial genealogy.All the titles for imperial princesses were conferred upon the marriage. Sometimes title could be granted before the marriage. The following titles were granted to the princesses born to the emperor:

* **Gulun Gongzhu** (固伦公主), translated as "Gurun Princess", "State Princess" or "Princess of the First Rank", was granted to a daughter born to the Empress. The title included a 2-character honorific name, sometimes a 4-character honorific name, ex. Princess Shuzhe Duanxian of the First Rank, Hong Taiji's seventh daughter born to Empress Xiaozhuangwen. This title could also sometimes be granted to a favored daughter of the Emperor, for ex: Princess Hexiao of the First Rank (固倫和孝公主), the Qianlong Emperor's tenth daughter by his concubine, Consort Dun.
* **Heshuo Gongzhu** (和硕公主), translated as "Heshuo Princess" or "Princess of the Second Rank", was granted to the daughter born to imperial consort. Prior to the formalization of the rank system, princesses born to imperial concubines could hold ranks lower than Princess of the Second Rank, but no lower than clanswoman (宗女). The title included the 2-character honorific name. The title could also be granted to the daughter of an imperial prince adopted into the palace, for example: Princess Shushen of the Second Rank (和碩淑慎公主), the daughter of Yunreng who was adopted by the Kangxi Emperor.

### Other titles

Prior to the formalization of rank system, there existed several ranks typical for Ming dynasty. The following ranks could be granted solely to Emperor's daughter. The prefixes were included in the whole title.

* **Zhang Gongzhu** (长公主), Elder Princess or Chief Princess, also translated as Princess Imperial, was granted to the eldest emperor's daughter or emperor's sister. The title was granted to the eldest daughter of Nurhaci and various daughters of Hong Taiji.
* **Dazhang Gongzhu** (大长公主), Grand Princess Imperial or Princess Supreme, was granted to emperor's paternal aunt. The only to receive this titles is Princess Yongmu, the Kangxi Emperor's paternal aunt.

---

However, the title of gege was reserved for several mistresses who died before emperor's coronation and were not granted honorific names. A gege could also be adopted into the imperial palace and raised by dowager consorts and the empress dowager if the emperor did not have enough daughters. The following titles were granted to princesses born to imperial clansmen:

* **Junzhu** (郡主), translated as "Princess of a Commandery" or "Princess of the Third Rank", was granted to the daughter of a Prince of the First Rank born to his Princess Consort. A Junzhu can be promoted to Heshuo Gongzhu (和硕公主) or Gulun Gongzhu (固伦公主) in case of adoption to the imperial palace. The title did not include any honorific names. In rare cases, an honorific name will be given ex. Princess Daokexin of the Third Rank (道恪欣郡主), Boguoduo's second daughter adopted into the palace in childhood. In that case, the honorific name could consist of a maximum of 4 characters. The title could also be granted to the daughter of a First Rank Princess.
* **Xianzhu** (县主), translated a "Princess of County" or "Princess of the Fourth Rank", was granted to the daughter of a Prince of the Second Rank born to his Princess Consort, as well as the daughter of a shizi (the heir of a first rank prince). A Xianzhu could be promoted to Princess of the Third Rank, ex. because of marriage or in case of father's promotion. Can also be promoted to Heshuo Gongzhu and Gulun Gongzhu in case of adpotion. In rare cases, an honorific name will be given, ez. Princess Zhenjie of the Fourth Rank (贞节县主), ninth daughter of Mianqin, Prince Cheng of the First Rank. This title could also be granted to the daughter of a Second Rank Princess.
* **Junjun** (郡君), translated as "Lady of a Commandery" or "Lady of the First Rank", was granted to the daughter of a Prince of the Third Rank born to his primary consort or the daughter of a Prince of the First Rank born to his secondary consort, as well as daughter of zhangzi (heir of a junwang). A Junjun could be promoted to Xianzhu after she gets married. The title did not convey honorific name.
* **Xianjun** (县君), translated as "Lady of a County" or "Lady of the Second Rank", was granted to the daughter born to a Prince of the Fourth Rank or the daughter of a Prince of the Second Rank born to his secondary consort.The title did not convey honorific name.
* **Xiangjun** (乡君), translated as "Lady of a Village" or "Lady of the Third Rank", was granted to the daughter born to a duke with eight privilleges (mostly to fuguo duke) or daughter of a Prince of the Third Rank born to his secondary consort. The title did not convey honorific name.

### Stipends of princesses

The following stipends were received annually. Rarely, but princesses could be awarded a double annual stipend and be treated as imperial consorts, ex: Princess Hejing of the First Rank, who was treated as an Imperial Noble Consort and received a double annual stipend. Princesses, who committed a crime, could be stripped of her title and deprived of her stipend.

* **Gulun Gongzhu**:
    + 400 taels and 400 hu of rice and meal for princesses residing in the capital
    + plus 1000 taels and 30 rolls of fabrics for ones living in vassal states
* **Heshuo Gongzhu**:
    + 300 taels and 300 hu of rice and meal for princesses residing in the capital
    + plus 400 taels and 15 rolls of fabrics for ones living in vassal states
* **Junzhu**:
    + 160 taels and 160 hu of rice and meal for princesses residing in the capital
    + plus 160 taels and 12 rolls of fabrics for ones living in vassal states
* **Xianzhu**:
    + 110 taels and 110 hu of rice and meal for princesses residing in a capital
    + plus 110 taels and 10 rolls of fabrics for ones living in vassal states
* **Junjun:**
    + 60 taels and 60 hu of rice for those in the capital
    + plus 60 taels and 8 rolls of fabrics for ones living in the vassal states
* **Xianjun:**
    + 50 taels and 50 hu of rice for those in the capital
    + plus 50 taels and 6 rolls of fabrics for ones living in vassal states
* **Xianjun:**
    + 40 taels and 40 hu of rice for those in a capital
    + plus 40 taels and 5 rolls of fabrics for ones living in the vassal states

### Garments for imperial princesses

The described garments below were dictated by the "Illustrated Precedents for Ritual Paraphernalia of the Imperial Court" published in 1759.

1. **Gulun Gongzhu**

* Crown, diadem, earrings, necklace and court robes befitting an imperial princess consort
* Semiformal court robes befitting princess consort of the first rank

2. **Heshuo Gongzhu**

* Court and semiformal robes befitting imperial princess consort
* Crown and diadem befitting hereditary princess consort of the first rank

3. **Junzhu**

* Court robes befitting imperial princess consort
* Crown, diadem and semiformal robes befitting princess consort of the second rank

4. **Xianzhu**

* Crown and diadem befitting princess consort of the third rank
* Semiformal robes befitting princess consort of the second rank
* Court robes befitting imperial princess consort

5. **Junjun**

* Crown and diadem befitting princess consort of the fourth rank
* Court and semiformal robes befitting princess consort of the third rank

6. **Xianjun**

* Crown and diadem befitting duchess of the first rank
* Court robes befitting princess consort of the third rank
* Semiformal robes befitting princess consort of the fourth rank

7. **Xianjun**

* Born to a Duke of the First Rank:
    + Crown and diadem befitting state duchess of the second rank
    + Court robes befitting princess consort of the third rank
    + Semiformal robes befitting duchess of the first rank
* Born to a Duke of the Second Rank:
    + Crown befitting state duchess of the second rank; finial decorated with three pearls enclosed in golden ornaments and ruby
    + Diadem befitting state duchess of the second rank; decorated with three ruyi cloud shaped plaques with pearls and three strings of pearls connected with two lapis lazuli inlaid plaques hanging on the back
    + Court robes befitting princess consort of the third rank
    + Semiformal robes befitting state duchess of the first rank

Gallery

## Other persons being honoured as gege

Sumalagu, a confidant of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and foster mother of several Kangxi Emperor's sons, including Yuntao, was addressed as "gege" by the Grand Empress Dowager.

Lady Yehe Nara (1722-1793), wife of Fuheng, a prominent general of the early Qianlong era, was an elder sister of Qianlong Emperor's Consort Shu. During her lifetime, she held a title of first rank Mingfu, madam Fu Zhongyong (傅忠勇夫人). She was described as the most beautiful Manchu woman of Qing dynasty. She was posthumously honoured as "fujin" (title reserved for princesses consorts) as the mother of prince consort Fulong'an, Prince Jiayong of the Second Rank Fuk'anggan.

Yu Derling (1885-1944) was Western-educated court lady of Empress Dowager Cixi. She stayed in the imperial court from 1905 to 1907, when she married Thaddeus C. White. During her stay, she served as a translator when Empress Dowager received foreign guests. She developed a close relationship with empress dowager, as well as with another Qing dynasty princesses (6th daughter of Yikuang) and princesses consorts (Jingrong) interested in modernisation of the Qing empire. She was rewarded a ruyi scepter and a dragon robe befitting an imperial princess. The similar rewards received mother of Deling and her sister, Rongling. In contrast to earlier historiography, Deling was not a member of imperial clan, but claimed Manchu descent despite her family belonged to Plain White Banner Han forces. Moreover, Deling's books were published under the name of princess Der Ling.


title: Vultures (board game)

abstract: Vultures is a board game published in 1987 by Henry Games.

text:
# Vultures (board game)

***Vultures*** is a board game published in 1987 by Henry Games.

## Contents

*Vultures* is a game in which two to four players are vultures trying to obtain carcasses.

### Setup

Each player is dealt three cards from the deck. These can be Flight, Fight, Carcass, and Waddle. The rest of the cards are placed facedown on the table. Each player places their vulture in one of the two trees on the board.

### Gameplay

On the active player's turn,

* if they have a Carcass card in their hand, they squawk loudly and place the Carcass card on the discard pile, draw a replacement card into their hand, then turn the next card from the deck face up on top of the discard pile. The grid reference on the new card is used to place a carcass marker on the board. This completes their turn.
* if they do not have a Carcass card, the player can take two actions: draw a new card from the discard pile, and move. To move, the player either uses a Flight card to move their vulture marker the number of squares indicated, or a Waddle card to move one square. If this lands the vulture on a carcass marker, the vulture claims the carcass.

### Fight

A vulture can challenge another vulture that is on the ground (not in a tree) to a fight by landing in the same square. The players use one Fight card from their hand, comparing the number on the card. The card with the larger value wins, and the winner takes one carcass from the loser. If the defending vulture has no Fight cards, the challenger automatically wins, takes all the defender's carcasses, and the defender is out of the game.

### Victory conditions

The first vulture to collect five carcasses is the winner.

## Publication history

*Vultures* was designed by Mike Henry, who formed Henry Games in order to publish it in 1987. Henry Games published three other board games the same year before going out of business.

## Reception

Brian Walker reviewed *Vultures* for *Games International* magazine, and gave it 3 stars out of 5, stating that "If this were priced \[lower\] then it could be recommended, but \[the price\] seems way over the top for what is essentially a board and 53 cards. Nevertheless, this vulture is no turkey."

In Issue 6 of *The Games Machine*, John Woods noted that "it appealed immensely to everyone who played it — probably because it combines strategic thinking with a bit of lunacy thrown in." He noted that strategy is more important than luck, saying, "It's your skill that eventually helps you to emerge the victor." Woods concluded "*Vultures* showed itself as an (oddly enough) attractive, absorbing game of greed and supremacy."


title: Vórtice Marxista

abstract: Vórtice Marxista is the first b-sides album by Argentine rock group Babasónicos. It consists of tracks that were left out of their first three albums: Pasto, Trance Zomba and Dopádromo.

text:
# Vórtice Marxista

***Vórtice Marxista*** (*Marxist Vortex*) is the first b-sides album by Argentine rock group Babasónicos. It consists of tracks that were left out of their first three albums: *Pasto*, *Trance Zomba* and *Dopádromo*.

## Track listing

1. "Larga Siesta" (Long Nap)
2. "Fioritos"
3. "Antonio Fargas"
4. "La Muerte es Mujer" (Death is a Woman)
5. "Chingolo Zenith"
6. "Los Clonos de J.T." (The Clones of J.T.)
7. "Forajidos de Siempre" (Usual Outlaws)
8. "Cerebros en Su Tinta" (Brains in Their Ink)
9. "Traicionero" (Treacherous)
10. "Fórmica"
11. "Bananeado" (Banana-ed)

## InfoBox

| Vórtice Marxista | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Babasónicos | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Recorded | 1992–1996 |
| Genre | Rock, alternative rock experimental rock, trip-hop |
| Label | Bultaco Records |
| Producer | Babasónicos |
| Babasónicos chronology | |
| *Babasónica*
(1997) ***Vórtice Marxista***
(1998) *Miami*
(1999) | |


title: WCRX-LP

abstract: WCRX-LP was a low-power FM radio station licensed to serve Columbus, Ohio, United States. WCRX-LP was a not-for-profit, volunteer, non-commercial community radio station whose broadcast license was held by the Bexley Public Radio Foundation, a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. Programming and broadcast operation assistance was provided by Sax Entertainment Music and Media. Its license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on October 2, 2020 for failure to file an application for license renewal.

text:
# WCRX-LP

**WCRX-LP** (102.1 FM) was a low-power FM radio station licensed to serve Columbus, Ohio, United States. WCRX-LP was a not-for-profit, volunteer, non-commercial community radio station whose broadcast license was held by the Bexley Public Radio Foundation, a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. Programming and broadcast operation assistance was provided by Sax Entertainment Music and Media.

Its license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on October 2, 2020 for failure to file an application for license renewal.

## Programming

Established in March 2007, WCRX-LP broadcast a community radio talk and music format to the greater Columbus, Ohio, area. It broadcast from 3 AM to 3 PM, seven days a week, sharing the frequency with WCRM-LP. Local programming included local news, community events and information, music programming seven days a week with specialty hosted programs, plus local business news and information.

## History

After applying to the FCC in January 2001, the station ultimately received its original construction permit from the FCC on October 5, 2005. The new station was assigned the WCRX-LP call sign by the FCC on April 7, 2006. After resolving an engineering amendment to the original permit, WCRX-LP received its license to cover from the FCC on March 21, 2007.

## InfoBox

WCRX-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Columbus, Ohio |
| Frequency | 102.1 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct (was Jazz) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Bexley Public Radio Foundation |
| History | |
| First air date | March 21, 2007 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 132329 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 55 watts |
| HAAT | 40.5 meters (134 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°03′48″N 82°53′45″W / 40.06333°N 82.89583°W / 40.06333; -82.89583 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Website | Online |


title: Věžnice (Jihlava District)

abstract: Věžnice is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Věžnice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Jihlava and 123 km (76 mi) south-east of Prague.

text:
# Věžnice (Jihlava District)

**Věžnice** (Czech pronunciation: \[ˈvjɛʒɲɪtsɛ\]) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Věžnice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Jihlava and 123 km (76 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 274 |  |
| 1880 | 308 | +12.4% |
| 1890 | 327 | +6.2% |
| 1900 | 283 | −13.5% |
| 1910 | 281 | −0.7% |
| 1921 | 295 | +5.0% |
| 1930 | 294 | −0.3% |
| 1950 | 223 | −24.1% |
| 1961 | 211 | −5.4% |
| 1970 | 198 | −6.2% |
| 1980 | 169 | −14.6% |
| 1991 | 156 | −7.7% |
| 2001 | 150 | −3.8% |
| 2011 | 147 | −2.0% |
| 2021 | 148 | +0.7% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Věžnice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Věžnice | |
|  | |
| VěžniceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°24′25″N 15°45′32″E / 49.40694°N 15.75889°E / 49.40694; 15.75889 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Vysočina |
| District | Jihlava |
| First mentioned | 1509 |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.88 km2 (1.88 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 565 m (1,854 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 154 |
| Density | 32/km2 (82/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 588 27 |
| Website | www.obecveznice.eu |


title: Věžky (Kroměříž District)

abstract: Věžky is a municipality and village in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. Věžky lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Kroměříž, 29 km (18 mi) west of Zlín, and 225 km (140 mi) south-east of Prague.

text:
# Věžky (Kroměříž District)

**Věžky** is a municipality and village in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Věžky lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Kroměříž, 29 km (18 mi) west of Zlín, and 225 km (140 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Administrative parts

The village of Vlčí Doly is an administrative part of Věžky.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 558 |  |
| 1880 | 547 | −2.0% |
| 1890 | 585 | +6.9% |
| 1900 | 618 | +5.6% |
| 1910 | 663 | +7.3% |
| 1921 | 658 | −0.8% |
| 1930 | 669 | +1.7% |
| 1950 | 536 | −19.9% |
| 1961 | 577 | +7.6% |
| 1970 | 507 | −12.1% |
| 1980 | 438 | −13.6% |
| 1991 | 347 | −20.8% |
| 2001 | 346 | −0.3% |
| 2011 | 385 | +11.3% |
| 2021 | 406 | +5.5% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Věžky | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Věžky Castle | |
|  | |
| VěžkyLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°17′6″N 17°16′53″E / 49.28500°N 17.28139°E / 49.28500; 17.28139 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Zlín |
| District | Kroměříž |
| First mentioned | 1348 |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.27 km2 (3.19 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 277 m (909 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 444 |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 768 33 |
| Website | www.obecvezky.cz |


title: W. A. Gruninger Building

abstract: The W. A. Gruninger Building is a commercial building located in Kingman, Arizona. It was evaluated for National Register listing as part of a 1985 study of 63 historic resources in Kingman that led to this and many others being listed.

text:
# W. A. Gruninger Building

The **W. A. Gruninger Building** is a commercial building located in Kingman, Arizona. It was evaluated for National Register listing as part of a 1985 study of 63 historic resources in Kingman that led to this and many others being listed.

## Description

W. A. Gruninger Building is located at 424 Beale Street in Kingman, Arizona. The building was designed and built by Gruninger & Son in 1921 in an Early Commercial style. Gruninger & Son built it as an investment property. The first floor was a store front for rent. The second floor had office space. The Gruningers had their own office there. Today the building is still used for a store and office space for the downtown area of Kingman. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| W. A. Gruninger Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 424 Beale Street<br>Kingman, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 35°11′21″N 114°3′4″W / 35.18917°N 114.05111°W / 35.18917; -114.05111 |
| Built | 1921 |
| Architect | W.A. Gruninger, & Son |
| Architectural style | Early Commercial |
| MPS | Kingman MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86001141 |
| Added to NRHP | May 14, 1986 |


title: WFIX

abstract:
WFIX is a radio station licensed to serve Florence, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Tri-State Inspirational Broadcasting and serves the greater Florence-Muscle Shoals area. It airs a Contemporary Christian music format. The station was assigned the WFIX call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on June 23, 2000. Daily Programming:
  - "The Morning Fix" hosted by Mark & Michelle (6am-10am)
  - "Middays With Michelle" hosted by Michelle Pyle (10am-2pm)
  - "Afternoon Drive" hosted by Heath (2pm-6pm)
  - "The Fix Night Time" hosted by James Dancer (6pm-12am)
  - "The Over Nights" (12am-4am)
  - "In His Presence" (4am-6am) Other Active Personalities:
  - Richard Parker
  - Casey Jones
  - James Moody
  - Allen Stout Former Personalities:
  - David Michael
  - Christy Pepper
  - Mike West
  - John David Crow
  - Wade Hacker
  - Jason Fox
  - Kris Kelly

text:
# WFIX

**WFIX** (91.3 FM, "The Fix") is a radio station licensed to serve Florence, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Tri-State Inspirational Broadcasting and serves the greater Florence-Muscle Shoals area. It airs a Contemporary Christian music format.

The station was assigned the WFIX call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on June 23, 2000.

**Daily Programming**:

* "The Morning Fix" hosted by Mark & Michelle (6am-10am)
* "Middays With Michelle" hosted by Michelle Pyle (10am-2pm)
* "Afternoon Drive" hosted by Heath (2pm-6pm)
* "The Fix Night Time" hosted by James Dancer (6pm-12am)
* "The Over Nights" (12am-4am)
* "In His Presence" (4am-6am)

*Other Active Personalities*:

* Richard Parker
* Casey Jones
* James Moody
* Allen Stout

*Former Personalities*:

* David Michael
* Christy Pepper
* Mike West
* John David Crow
* Wade Hacker
* Jason Fox
* Kris Kelly

## InfoBox

WFIX
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Florence-Muscle Shoals |
| Frequency | 91.3 MHz |
| Branding | *The Fix* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary Christian |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Tri-State Inspirational Broadcasting |
| History | |
| Former call signs | WWOL (1986–1987)<br>WBHL (1987–2000) |
| Call sign meaning | "Fix" |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 67799 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 265 meters (869 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°40′24″N 87°42′56″W / 34.67333°N 87.71556°W / 34.67333; -87.71556 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | wfix.net |


title: WGTM (Wilson, North Carolina)

abstract: WGTM was an AM radio station licensed to and located in Wilson, North Carolina. Named for the World's Greatest Tobacco Market, WGTM was founded in the 1930s by the Wilson Tobacco Board of Trade. The station originally transmitted at 1310 kHz, and last operated on 590 kHz with 5000 watts full-time. 106.7 WGTM-FM was silenced by Hurricane Hazel which destroyed the tower in October 1954. Owned by Campbell Broadcasting in the 1960s until 1985, WGTM had a block-type format, featuring local news, country, AC, gospel, and rock. It was then sold to Willis Broadcasting and the format changed to urban contemporary gospel. The studios were located in the back of a church supply store on Highway 42 west of Wilson. The transmitter site was near Rock Ridge and featured a four-tower array that covered a large part of eastern North Carolina. In the 1950s and 1960s the studios were located on US Highway 301 and later just off of I-95. WGTM fell silent on March 13, 2010. WGTM was deleted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 2, 2011, for failure to file for the renewal of its license.

text:
# WGTM (Wilson, North Carolina)

**WGTM** was an AM radio station licensed to and located in Wilson, North Carolina. Named for the World's Greatest Tobacco Market, WGTM was founded in the 1930s by the Wilson Tobacco Board of Trade. The station originally transmitted at 1310 kHz, and last operated on 590 kHz with 5000 watts full-time. 106.7 WGTM-FM was silenced by Hurricane Hazel which destroyed the tower in October 1954.

Owned by Campbell Broadcasting in the 1960s until 1985, WGTM had a block-type format, featuring local news, country, AC, gospel, and rock. It was then sold to Willis Broadcasting and the format changed to urban contemporary gospel.

The studios were located in the back of a church supply store on Highway 42 west of Wilson. The transmitter site was near Rock Ridge and featured a four-tower array that covered a large part of eastern North Carolina.

In the 1950s and 1960s the studios were located on US Highway 301 and later just off of I-95. WGTM fell silent on March 13, 2010.

WGTM was deleted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 2, 2011, for failure to file for the renewal of its license (which expired a day earlier).

## InfoBox

WGTM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Raleigh |
| Frequency | 590 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | "World's Greatest Tobacco Market" |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 61929 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 5,000 watts |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°43′4″N 78°03′33″W / 35.71778°N 78.05917°W / 35.71778; -78.05917 |


title: WMJR

abstract: WMJR is a radio station broadcasting a Catholic format as an affiliate of Relevant Radio. Licensed to Nicholasville, Kentucky, United States, the station serves the Lexington area. The station is owned by Relevant Radio, Inc.

text:
# WMJR

**WMJR** (1380 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Catholic format as an affiliate of Relevant Radio. Licensed to Nicholasville, Kentucky, United States, the station serves the Lexington area. The station is owned by Relevant Radio, Inc.

## History

The station went on the air as WHRS on December 26, 1985. On August 1, 1994, the station changed its call sign to WLNT, on January 19, 1996, to WINH, and on August 5, 1997, to the current WMJR.

## Translator

WMJR has an FM translator in Lexington on 94.9 MHz. Its call letters are W235AK. It broadcasts with an effected radiated power of 250 watts and its antenna is 468 feet (143 meters) in height above average terrain elevation. This FM translator station was put into place to allow the broadcast of WMJR to be heard throughout metropolitan Lexington at night, as the AM signal is greatly deteriorated at night. Additionally, the sound quality of WMJR broadcasts is much greater on the FM translator than on the AM frequency. Individuals who may prefer the FM band over the AM band now have a way to listen to WMJR without leaving the FM band.

## Logos

## InfoBox

WMJR
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Lexington Metropolitan Area |
| Frequency | 1380 kHz |
| Branding | Relevant Radio |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian radio |
| Affiliations | Relevant Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Relevant Radio, Inc. |
| History | |
| Former call signs | WHRS (1985–1994)
WLNT (1994–1996)
WINH (1996–1997) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 72321 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 5,000 watts day
38 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°54′27″N 84°28′42″W / 37.90750°N 84.47833°W / 37.90750; -84.47833 |
| Repeater(s) | 94.9 MHz W235AK (Lexington) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | Relevant Radio |


title: WMJL (AM)

abstract: WMJL is a radio station licensed to Marion, Kentucky, United States. The station is owned by Sun Media.

text:
# WMJL (AM)

**WMJL** (1500 AM) is a radio station licensed to Marion, Kentucky, United States. The station is owned by Sun Media.

## History

The station signed on the air on July 10, 1968, under ownership of the Crittenden County Broadcasting Company. It was a country music station for much of its time on the air.

## InfoBox

WMJL
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1500 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Silent |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Sun Media * (Samuel K. Stratemeyer) |
| Sister stations | WMJL-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | July 10, 1968 (1968-07-10) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 31435 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 175 watts day |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°20′16″N 88°4′03″W / 37.33778°N 88.06750°W / 37.33778; -88.06750 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: WR 2

abstract: WR 2 is a Wolf-Rayet star located around 8,000 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Cassiopeia, in the stellar association Cassiopeia OB1. It is smaller than the Sun, but due to a temperature over 140,000 K it is 282,000 times as luminous as the Sun. With a radius of 89% that of the Sun, it is the smallest known WN star in the Milky Way. WR 2 is considered to be a member of the nitrogen sequence of WR stars, but completely lacks lines of NIII, NIV, NV, and HeI. Its spectrum is dominated by broad rounded emission lines of HeII, leading to the classification of WN2-b. It is now given the spectral type of WN2-w, due to the relative strength of the continuum and lack of extremely intense emission lines. It is the only galactic WN2 star known. Weak-lined Wolf-Rayet stars often have hot luminous companions which dilute the emission. WR 2 does have a companion, but it is much fainter than the primary and not thought to be the cause of the weak-lined spectrum. WR 2 is the smallest and hottest WN star known in the galaxy. Its unusual rounded emission lines are thought to be due to extremely fast rotation, although the exact rotation rate is not known. Estimates range from 500 km/s to approximately the breakup rate for the star of 1,900 km/s. The high temperature also leads to a very fast stellar wind of 1,800 km/s, although the overall rate of mass loss is one of the lowest for any Wolf-Rayet star. The combination of a massive Wolf-Rayet star and rapid rotation is likely to result in a gamma-ray burst when the star explodes as a supernova. X-rays have been detected from WR 2 although they may not be due to colliding winds as is common for massive stars.

text:
# WR 2

**WR 2** is a Wolf-Rayet star located around 8,000 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Cassiopeia, in the stellar association Cassiopeia OB1. It is smaller than the Sun, but due to a temperature over 140,000  it is 282,000 times as luminous as the Sun. With a radius of 89% that of the Sun, it is the smallest known WN star in the Milky Way.

WR 2 is considered to be a member of the nitrogen sequence of WR stars, but completely lacks lines of NIII, NIV, NV, and HeI. Its spectrum is dominated by broad rounded emission lines of HeII, leading to the classification of WN2-b (for broad). It is now given the spectral type of WN2-w (for weak), due to the relative strength of the continuum and lack of extremely intense emission lines. It is the only galactic WN2 star known. Weak-lined Wolf-Rayet stars often have hot luminous companions which dilute the emission. WR 2 does have a companion, but it is much fainter than the primary and not thought to be the cause of the weak-lined spectrum.

WR 2 is the smallest and hottest WN star known in the galaxy. Its unusual rounded emission lines are thought to be due to extremely fast rotation, although the exact rotation rate is not known. Estimates range from 500 km/s to approximately the breakup rate for the star of 1,900 km/s. The high temperature also leads to a very fast stellar wind of 1,800 km/s, although the overall rate of mass loss is one of the lowest for any Wolf-Rayet star. The combination of a massive Wolf-Rayet star and rapid rotation is likely to result in a gamma-ray burst when the star explodes as a supernova.

X-rays have been detected from WR 2 although they may not be due to colliding winds as is common for massive stars.

## InfoBox

WR 2
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Cassiopeia |
|
| Right ascension | 01h 05m 23.01436s |
| Declination | +60° 25 18.9652 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.33 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Wolf-Rayet |
| Spectral type | WN2-w |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| B−V color index | +0.16 |
|
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|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −12.80 mas/yr
Dec.: −7.18 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 4.46 ± 3.31 mas |
| **Distance** | 2,510 pc |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −2.43 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 16 |
| **Radius** | 0.89 |
| **Luminosity** | 282,000 |
| **Temperature** | 141,000 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 500 km/s |
| **Age** | 4.0 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| HD 6327, WR 2, HIP 5100 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: WBOP

abstract: WBOP is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Buffalo Gap, Virginia, US serving Staunton, Virginia and Augusta County, Virginia. WBOP is owned and operated by Liberty University.

text:
# WBOP

**WBOP** (95.5 FM) is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Buffalo Gap, Virginia, US serving Staunton, Virginia and Augusta County, Virginia. WBOP is owned and operated by Liberty University.

## History

The station first took the callsign WSPV on September 25, 1986 and was officially launched in 1988.

### WSKO

Easy Radio Inc. bought the station and on March 24, 1989, the callsign was changed to WSKO and carried a country format, branded as "Super Country". In 1992, the format was changed to Hot Adult Contemporary.

### WSXI/WZXI

On March 10, 1995, the callsign was changed from WSKO to WSXI, then to WZXI. In October 1997, WZXI dropped the Hot Adult Contemporary format for News/Talk. In September 2005 the News/Talk format was dropped and the station was completely silent for about a month. Vox Communications bought the station, and on October 7, 2005, WZXI became an Adult Hits format, branded as "Sam 95.5; Simply about music".

On August 16, 2006, the Adult/Variety Hits format on 95.5 FM was dropped when WBOP moved its format and callsign from 106.3 FM to 95.5 FM, and resumed its Oldies format as "Magic 95.5; Classic Top 40", while the 106.3 FM frequency went silent. 95.5 FM continued to keep the WZXI callsign until two weeks later on September 1, when the WBOP callsign officially moved from 106.3 FM to 95.5 FM. The 106.3 facility was moved to Charlottesville and became WCNR.

#### Format flip - 2008

At 9:00 A.M. on March 30, 2008, WBOP swapped its Oldies format for Rockin' Country, branded as "Rebel 95.5; A New Kind of Country".

#### Format flip - 2010

In February 2010, WBOP began stunting by playing a mix of country and Hot Adult Contemporary, with a new Hot Adult Contemporary format to follow. The station continued to use the branding "Rebel 95.5". At midnight on February 26, 2010, WBOP officially dropped "Rockin'" Country for Hot Adult Contemporary and began using the branding "My 95.5; New music all day" and then changed the slogan to "The Valley's Alternative" in late 2011.

#### Format flips - 2012

At midnight, on March 1, 2012, WBOP switched from a Hot Adult Contemporary format to sports as "95-5 The Zone".

At midnight, on November 27, 2012, WBOP changed the format again from Sports to Adult Contemporary under the branding "95-5 WBOP; Today's Hits and Yesterday's Favorites". WBOP picked up programming from the Hits & Favorites network from Cumulus Media Networks.

On December 31, 2012, WBOP and seven other properties were sold by Vox Radio to Gamma Broadcasting, LLC for US$4,403,500.

#### Format flip - 2015

From August 31, 2015, Gamma consummated their donation of WBOP to Liberty University and started simulcasting WRVL's Contemporary Christian format in Lynchburg, Virginia on September 1 as "The Journey".

## InfoBox

WBOP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Staunton, Virginia
Augusta County, Virginia |
| Frequency | 95.5 FM MHz |
| Branding | *The Journey* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary Christian |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| First air date | 1988 |
| Former call signs | WSPV (1986–1989)
WSKO (1989–1995)
WSXI (1995–1995)
WZXI (1995–2006)
WBOP (2006–Present) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 68304 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 6,000 Watts |
| HAAT | 94 meters (308 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°10′55.0″N 79°13′34.0″W / 38.181944°N 79.226111°W / 38.181944; -79.226111 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | WBOP Webstream |
| Website | WBOP Online |


title: W.I.T.C.H. (video game)

abstract: W.I.T.C.H. is a platform game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed by Climax Studios and released in Europe on 7 October 2005 by Buena Vista Games. The game was not released outside of Europe. Although the box art resembles the look of the characters in the comic book, the game's storyline and graphics are based on season 1 of the animated television series adaptation of the same name.

text:
# W.I.T.C.H. (video game)

***W.I.T.C.H.*** is a platform game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed by Climax Studios and released in Europe on 7 October 2005 by Buena Vista Games. The game was not released outside of Europe.

Although the box art resembles the look of the characters in the comic book, the game's storyline and graphics are based on season 1 of the animated television series adaptation of the same name.

## Plot

The game starts with Hay Lin, one of the five main protagonists, having a vision. The W.I.T.C.H. Guardians Will, Irma, Taranee, Cornelia, and Hay Lin embark on a mission to defeat the series' antagonist, Prince Phobos.

## Gameplay

The game is divided into chapters, in which there are stages. Each Guardian has the ability to fly as well as two unique elemental powers. Players are able to switch between the Guardians at any time (Will is the default guardian). Players can also combine the powers of any two guardians except Will to destroy all enemies on screen. However, using elemental powers and flying drains energy from the Heart of Kandrakar meter displayed at the top of the screen, above the health meter. Likewise, when characters endure damage bars from the health meter are lost. Caleb is also playable in more action-oriented levels. He can use a sword and longbow. Blunk is a non-player character who trades useful items for something he wants. Needed items can be stored in the inventory. The game has 20 levels in total. After beating the game, the player unlocks Kandrakar Mode, which allows each Guardian to use her abilities without drawing power from the Power Meter and gives Caleb unlimited arrows.

## Reception

Nintendo-x2.com gave it a rating of 6.5. French game review website Jeuxvideo.com gave it 8/20.

## InfoBox

| W.i.t.c.h. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Climax |
| Publisher(s) | Buena Vista Games |
| Director(s) | Chris Keegan
James Brace |
| Producer(s) | Gareth Noye
Ashley Panell |
| Designer(s) | Pete Maurice
Jake May |
| Programmer(s) | Sam Scott |
| Artist(s) | Paul Mitchell |
| Composer(s) | Matt Simmonds |
| Series | *W.I.T.C.H.* |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy Advance |
| Release | * EU: October 7, 2005 |
| Genre(s) | Action, platform |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: W.H. Tedford House

abstract: The W.H. Tedford House, also known as the Poston House, is an historical building located in Corydon, Iowa, United States. The house was built in 1887 for W.H. Tedford, a local attorney who served as a justice of the district court from 1891 to 1901. The house was sold to Eugene E. Poston after Tedford's death in 1917, and it remained in that family well into the 20th century. The house is a typical example of late 19th century vernacular Italianate residential architecture found in Iowa. The house features a bracketed cornice and large window hoods. The elaborate woodwork detail of the porch is of particular note. It is capped with a low, crested hipped roof. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

text:
# W.H. Tedford House

The **W.H. Tedford House**, also known as the **Poston House**, is an historical building located in Corydon, Iowa, United States. The house was built in 1887 for W.H. Tedford, a local attorney who served as a justice of the district court from 1891 to 1901. The house was sold to Eugene E. Poston after Tedford's death in 1917, and it remained in that family well into the 20th century. The house is a typical example of late 19th century vernacular Italianate residential architecture found in Iowa. The house features a bracketed cornice and large window hoods. The elaborate woodwork detail of the porch is of particular note. It is capped with a low, crested hipped roof. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

## The Tedford Family

William Hamill Tedford was born in Blount County, Tennessee on November 8, 1844. He moved with his parents to Louisa County, Iowa in 1851. In 1861, Tedford enlisted in Company F, Eleventh Iowa Infantry and served four years with the Union army during the U.S. Civil War. Following the War, he attended Grand View Academy, and then graduated from the Law Department at the State University of Iowa (now, the University of Iowa) in 1869. Shortly after, he began practicing law in Corydon, Iowa, where he was a senior member of the law firm Tedford & Miles from 1873 to 1879. From 1891 to 1901, he was a judge on the district court, prior to returning to private practice with the firm Tedford & Carter in Corydon.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| W.H. Tedford House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 312 S. West St.<br>Corydon, Iowa |
| Coordinates | 40°45′19″N 93°19′20″W / 40.75528°N 93.32222°W / 40.75528; -93.32222 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1887 |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 79000947 |
| Added to NRHP | March 26, 1979 |


title: WWBN

abstract: WWBN is a radio station broadcasting mainstream rock to Flint and The Thumb areas of Michigan. Syndicated shows on Banana include the morning comedy program The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show and the nightly music program Loudwire. It is owned by Townsquare Media and is a member of the Michigan Association of Broadcasters

text:
# WWBN

**WWBN** (101.5 FM, "Banana 101.5") is a radio station broadcasting mainstream rock to Flint and The Thumb areas of Michigan. Syndicated shows on Banana include the morning comedy program *The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show* and the nightly music program *Loudwire*. It is owned by Townsquare Media and is a member of the Michigan Association of Broadcasters

## History

The station began operations in 1987 as **WGMZ-FM** with an Easy Listening music format, reviving the call sign and format formerly used on 107.9 FM (now WCRZ) from 1961 to 1984 and also in the 1980s on 1570 AM (now WWCK). In 1991, WGMZ-FM became country **WKMF-FM**, simulcasting AM 1470 (now WFNT). The "Banana" name, album-oriented rock format and the **WWBN** calls debuted in 1994. Subsequently, WWBN moved from 101.7 to 101.5 in a frequency swap with WPRJ, a contemporary Christian music station in Coleman, Michigan, and both stations were also able to increase their power.

WWBN's owner, Regent Broadcasting (now Townsquare Media), took control of active rock station WRXF 103.1 FM "Radio X" in Lapeer, Michigan in December 2001.  After a short three-month period of simulcasting the Banana on 103.1, WRXF debuted a new classic hits format as "U.S. 103.1" WQUS in February 2002, and the Banana evolved from mainstream AOR into its current active rock sound. Current program director and air personality Tony LaBrie is a veteran of WRXF's "Radio X" days and is the recipient of the RadioContraband Rock Radio Award for Small Market Radio Program Director of the Year in both 2011 and 2012. The Banana was voted "Small Market Radio Station of the Year" for the RadioContraband Rock Radio Award in 2011.

## Sources

## InfoBox

WWBN
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Flint, MI/The Thumb, MI |
| Frequency | 101.5 MHz |
| Branding | Banana 101.5 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Mainstream rock |
| Affiliations | Compass Media Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WCRZ, WFNT, WQUS, WRCL |
| History | |
| First air date | September 16, 1994 (at 101.5) |
| Former call signs | WKMF-FM (12/91-9/94)<br>WGMZ-FM (7/87-12/91) |
| Call sign meaning | **B**a**N**ana |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 20448 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 1,800 watts |
| HAAT | 149 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°12′0″N 83°33′30″W / 43.20000°N 83.55833°W / 43.20000; -83.55833 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | banana1015.com |


title: W. Edward Crockett

abstract: W. Edward "Ed" Crockett is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 2018. He also wrote a memoir for his father, Walter Crockett. He is also the president of a soft drink company named Capt’n Eli's Soda.

text:
# W. Edward Crockett

**W. Edward "Ed" Crockett** is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 2018. He also wrote a memoir for his father, Walter Crockett. He is also the president of a soft drink company named Capt’n Eli's Soda.

## Electoral history

Crockett was first elected in the 2018 Maine House of Representatives election to the 43rd district. He was reelected in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted to the 112th district and elected to it in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election.

## Biography

Crockett graduated from Portland High School in 1979. He earned a bachelor's degree in broadcasting and journalism from the University of Maine in 1983 and an Master of Business Administration in marketing/sales from Boston College in 1986.

## InfoBox

| W. Edward Crockett | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Maine House of Representatives
from the 112th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 7, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Skolfield |
| Member of the Maine House of Representatives
from the 43rd district | |
| **In office**
December 2018  December 7, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Heather Sanborn |
| Succeeded by | Ann Matlack |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Portland, Maine, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Martha |
| Children | 3 |
| Residence(s) | Portland, Maine |
| Education | Bachelor's degree, Master of Business Administration |
| Alma mater | University of Maine, Boston College |
| Profession | Author |
| Website | https://www.edcrockettformaine.com/ |
|  | |


title: WNBA draft

abstract: The WNBA draft is an annual draft held by the WNBA through which WNBA teams can select new players from a talent pool of college and professional women's basketball players. The first WNBA draft was held in 1997.

text:
# WNBA draft

The **WNBA draft** is an annual draft held by the WNBA through which WNBA teams can select new players from a talent pool of college and professional women's basketball players. The first WNBA draft was held in 1997.

## Eligibility

The WNBA "requires players to be at least 22, to have completed their college eligibility, to have graduated from a four-year college or to be four years removed from high school". Since the WNBA draft is currently held in April, before most U.S. colleges and universities have ended their academic years, the league considers anyone scheduled to graduate in the 3 months after the draft to be a "graduate" for draft purposes. The current rules for draft eligibility have been in place since at least 2014.

The specifics of this rule differ in several ways from those used by the NBA for its draft.

* Both drafts make a distinction between U.S. and "international" players. However, the definition of "international player" differs slightly between the two drafts. The NBA defines an "international player" as an individual who has permanently resided outside the U.S. for the three years preceding the draft while playing basketball (amateur or professional), did not complete high school education in the U.S., and has never enrolled in a U.S. college or university. A prospective NBA player's birthplace or citizenship is not relevant to his status as an "international player". On the other hand, the WNBA defines an "international player" as "any person ***born*** and residing outside the United States who participates in the game of basketball as an amateur or professional" (emphasis added), and who has never "exercised intercollegiate basketball eligibility" in the U.S. This means that a prospective WNBA player who was born in the United States is treated as a U.S. player, regardless of where she was educated or trained in basketball. Likewise, the association also defines as an "international player" a prospect with non-U.S. nationality even if one of her parents is a natural-born American, unless she has enrolled in a U.S. postsecondary institution.
* The current age limit for NBA draft eligibility is 19, measured on December 31 of the calendar year of the draft. The WNBA's age limit is 20 for "international players" and 22 for U.S. players, both also being measured as of December 31 of the calendar year of the draft.
* A WNBA prospect who graduates from college while under the age limit can be eligible, but only if the calendar year of her college graduation is no earlier than the fourth after her high school graduation.
* In both drafts, players subject to the rules for U.S. players can declare early eligibility; however, the WNBA's higher age limit means that very few such players have the option to make such a declaration.
* For those players who are eligible to declare early, the timing of the declaration process is dramatically different.
    + NBA prospects must notify the league office of their intent to enter the draft no later than 60 days prior to the draft, which is currently held in June. Current rules allow prospects to withdraw from the draft and retain college eligibility, as long as they comply with NCAA rules regarding relationships with agents, do not sign a professional contract, and notify the league office of their withdrawal no later than 10 days after the end of the NBA Draft Combine.
    + WNBA prospects must notify the league office no later than 10 days before the draft, and must renounce any remaining college eligibility to enter the draft. However, because postseason national tournaments (most notably the NCAA Division I tournament) are still ongoing during the 10 days prior to the draft, certain players who would otherwise be eligible to declare cannot do so before the standard deadline. A prospect whose team is still playing during the 10-day window must make her declaration within the 24 hours following her team's final game of the season, but no less than 3 hours before the scheduled start of the draft. The 3-hour period is a historic artifact that stems from the former scheduling of the WNBA draft; from 2006 to 2008, it was held in the city of the women's Final Four on the day after the championship game. Despite media commentary that argued that players involved in the NCAA tournament needed more time to make draft decisions, the most recent WNBA CBA, agreed to in 2020, did not change any draft eligibility rules.

For the 2021 draft only, the league and its players union, the Women's National Basketball Players Association, agreed to modified eligibility rules due to changes brought on by COVID-19. The most significant change is that all age-eligible college players who wished to enter that draft had to opt in. Because the NCAA ruled that the 2020–21 season would not count against the eligibility of any basketball player, everyone who played in that season, regardless of class, had remaining athletic eligibility at the time of the draft. Players who wished to enter the 2021 draft had to renounce college eligibility and notify the WNBA offices by email no later than April 1 of that year. Players involved in the 2021 Final Four had 48 hours after the completion of their final game, instead of the normal 24, to notify the league of their intent to enter the draft.

## Structure

The 1997 WNBA draft was divided into three parts. The first part was the initial allocation of 16 players into individual teams. Players such as Cynthia Cooper and Michelle Timms were assigned to different teams. The second part was the WNBA Elite draft, which was composed of professional women's basketball players who had competed in other leagues. The last part would be the 4 rounds of the regular draft.

The next three seasons to follow 1998, 1999 and 2000 would all have expansion drafts. There would not be another expansion draft until the 2006 season.

All seasons before 2002 had 4 rounds. Since 2003, all drafts are 3 rounds.

In 2003 and 2004, there were dispersal drafts due to the folding of the Cleveland Rockers, Miami Sol and Portland Fire. The players from Rockers, Sol and Fire were reallocated to existing teams. There were also dispersal drafts in 2007 with the folding of the Charlotte Sting, 2009 with the shuttering of the Houston Comets, and in 2010 when the Maloofs cast off the Sacramento Monarchs to focus their resources on the Kings franchise in the NBA.

## Players selected

There are no restrictions on what part of the world the players come from (though under varying rules, international players have been subject to tighter age restrictions within the draft than college players). However, college sports governing bodies, most notably the NCAA, prohibit players from competing in professional leagues simultaneously with their college eligibility. Once the player has joined the WNBA, she is eligible to participate in overseas leagues during the WNBA offseason (many WNBA players play in Europe, Australia, or more recently China).

### First picks

Dena Head is the oldest No. 1 draft pick (she was 27 years old), having graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1992 and the first player ever drafted to the WNBA. Lauren Jackson is the youngest No. 1 draft pick, being drafted at the age of 19. As of 2012, six first picks have gone on to win WNBA Championships, with 12 rings among them. In the seventeen seasons that the WNBA has been in existence, eight No. 1 draft picks have helped lead their teams to a playoff berth in their rookie year.

| Year | Player | Country | College/club | Drafted by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 Elite | Dena Head | United States | Tennessee | Utah Starzz |
| 1997 | Tina Thompson | United States | USC | Houston Comets |
| 1998 | Margo Dydek | Poland | Pool Getafe (Spain) | Utah Starzz |
| 1999 | Chamique Holdsclaw | United States | Tennessee | Washington Mystics |
| 2000 | Ann Wauters | Belgium | Valenciennes (France) | Cleveland Rockers |
| 2001 | Lauren Jackson | Australia | Canberra Capitals (Australia) | Seattle Storm |
| 2002 | Sue Bird | United States | UConn | Seattle Storm |
| 2003 | LaToya Thomas | United States | Mississippi State | Cleveland Rockers |
| 2004 | Diana Taurasi | United States | UConn | Phoenix Mercury |
| 2005 | Janel McCarville | United States | Minnesota | Charlotte Sting |
| 2006 | Seimone Augustus | United States | LSU | Minnesota Lynx |
| 2007 | Lindsey Harding | United States | Duke | Phoenix Mercury (traded to Minn.) |
| 2008 | Candace Parker | United States | Tennessee | Los Angeles Sparks |
| 2009 | Angel McCoughtry | United States | Louisville | Atlanta Dream |
| 2010 | Tina Charles | United States | UConn | Connecticut Sun |
| 2011 | Maya Moore | United States | UConn | Minnesota Lynx |
| 2012 | Nneka Ogwumike | United States | Stanford | Los Angeles Sparks |
| 2013 | Brittney Griner | United States | Baylor | Phoenix Mercury |
| 2014 | Chiney Ogwumike | United States | Stanford | Connecticut Sun |
| 2015 | Jewell Loyd | United States | Notre Dame | Seattle Storm |
| 2016 | Breanna Stewart | United States | UConn | Seattle Storm |
| 2017 | Kelsey Plum | United States | Washington | San Antonio Stars |
| 2018 | A'ja Wilson | United States | South Carolina | Las Vegas Aces |
| 2019 | Jackie Young | United States | Notre Dame | Las Vegas Aces |
| 2020 | Sabrina Ionescu | United States | Oregon | New York Liberty |
| 2021 | Charli Collier | United States | Texas | New York Liberty (traded to Dallas via Seattle) |
| 2022 | Rhyne Howard | United States | Kentucky | Atlanta Dream |
| 2023 | Aliyah Boston | United States | South Carolina | Indiana Fever |
| 2024 | Caitlin Clark | United States | Iowa | Indiana Fever |

Notes    1. Bishop, Greg (June 16, 2009). "Rutgers Basketball Star to Turn Pro in Europe". *The New York Times*. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
2. Analyzing the WNBA's Mandatory Age/Education Policy from a Legal, Cultural, and Ethical Perspective: Women, Men, and the Professional Sports Landscape See Note No. 100
3. "Article XIII, Section 1: Player Eligibility" (PDF). *2014 Women's National Basketball Association Collective Bargaining Agreement*. Women's National Basketball Players Association. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
4. "Article XIII, Section 1: Player Eligibility" (PDF). *2020 Women's National Basketball Association Collective Bargaining Agreement*. Women's National Basketball Players Association. pp. 110–11. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
5. Coon, Larry (July 1, 2018). "76. What are the rules relating to international players and teams?". *NBA Salary Cap FAQ*. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
6. "Article X, Section 1(b)(ii)" (PDF). *2017 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement*. National Basketball Players Association. January 19, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
7. "Article X, Section 1(b)(ii)(F)" (PDF). *2017 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement*. National Basketball Players Association. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
8. Goodman, Jeff (January 13, 2016). "College players given extra time to mull NBA draft decision". *ESPN.com*. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
9. "Flexibility for going pro and getting a degree". *NCAA.org*. NCAA. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
10. Litman, Laken (April 10, 2019). "Jackie Young, Future Players Need More Than 24 Hours to Enter WNBA Draft". *Sports Illustrated*. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
11. "College players will need to opt-in to upcoming WNBA draft". *ESPN.com*. Associated Press. March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
12. "WNBA.com:McCarville, White, Irvin Go First in the 2005 WNBA Draft". *www.wnba.com*. Retrieved April 16, 2016.


title: WWE United Kingdom Championship Special

abstract: The United Kingdom Championship Special was a professional wrestling streaming event produced by the American promotion WWE. The event was filmed on 7 May 2017 and aired on 19 May exclusively on the WWE Network. The event was held at Epic Studios in Norwich, Norfolk, England and featured the participation of competitors from WWE's United Kingdom division and the 205 Live programme.

text:
# WWE United Kingdom Championship Special

The **United Kingdom Championship Special** was a professional wrestling streaming event produced by the American promotion WWE. The event was filmed on 7 May 2017 and aired on 19 May exclusively on the WWE Network. The event was held at Epic Studios in Norwich, Norfolk, England and featured the participation of competitors from WWE's United Kingdom division and the *205 Live* programme.

## Background

On 15 December 2016, at The O2 Arena, Triple H announced that the following month, WWE would crown its inaugural WWE United Kingdom Champion. A tournament to crown the inaugural champion occurred as the United Kingdom Championship Tournament event, which took place over two days on 14 and 15 January 2017. The tournament and championship were won by Tyler Bate, who at the time became the youngest wrestler to hold a WWE singles championship at 19 years old.

On 15 May 2017, a follow-up to the UK Championship tournament was announced by WWE, titled the "United Kingdom Championship Special." Jim Ross and Nigel McGuinness were announced as the commentators for the event. The event was filmed on 7 May and aired on tape delay on 19 May exclusively on the WWE Network. It was held at Epic Studios in Norwich, Norfolk, England and featured the participation of the competitors from WWE's United Kingdom division and the *205 Live* programme.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wolfgang defeated Joseph Conners | Singles match | 11:00 |
| 2 | The Brian Kendrick and TJP defeated Dan Moloney and Rich Swann | Tag team match | 11:30 |
| 3 | Pete Dunne defeated Trent Seven | Singles match to determine the #1 contender to the WWE United Kingdom Championship | 15:55 |
| 4 | Tyler Bate (c) defeated Mark Andrews | Singles match for the WWE United Kingdom Championship | 24:20 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| United Kingdom Championship Special | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Brand(s) | United Kingdom |
| Date | 7 May 2017
(aired 19 May 2017) |
| City | Norwich, Norfolk, England |
| Venue | Epic Studios |
| WWE Network event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Payback **Next**
NXT TakeOver: Chicago | |


title: Waarde

abstract: Waarde is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is located in the municipality of Reimerswaal, about 4 km southeast of Kruiningen.

text:
# Waarde

**Waarde** is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is located in the municipality of Reimerswaal, about 4 km southeast of Kruiningen.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1219 as Ward, and means "land near water". The original village was lost in a flood in 1530. A dike was built around the area in 1570.

The Dutch Reformed church is a single-aisled church with a tower in the corner. The tower dates from the late 14th century. The church was damaged by fire in 1589. It was restored in 1959. The grist mill De Hoed was originally built before 1550 in Ghent. In 1857, it was moved to Kruiningen. It was in operation until 1945 and then started to deteriorate. In 1989, it was moved and rebuilt at Waarde, and is back in operation.

Waarde was home to 590 people in 1840. In 1847, a little harbour was built in the Westerschelde. The former town hall was built in 1909 with Renaissance Revival and Jugendstil influences.

Waarde was a separate municipality until 1970 when it was merged into Reimerswaal.

On 15 January 2009, there were plans presented to the local council for a new project in Waarde. The project, called "meer Waarde" contains a new village centre, a new gym and building a connection between the two schools. The local council reacted positively and reserved 2 million Euro's for it.

1. "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021". *Central Bureau of Statistics*. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
2. "Postcodetool for 4414AA". *Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland* (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
3. "Waarde - (geografische naam)". *Etymologiebank* (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
4. Piet van Cruyningen & Ronald Stenvert (2003). *Waarde* (in Dutch). Zwolle: Waanders. ISBN 90 400 8830 6. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
5. "De Hoed". *Molen database* (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
6. "Waarde". *Plaatsengids* (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
7. Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten, KNAW, 2011.
8. Nieuwsbrief Meer Waarde

## InfoBox

| Waarde | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| The Dutch Reformed Church of Waarde | |
|  | |
| WaardeLocation in the province of Zeeland in the NetherlandsWaardeWaarde (Netherlands) | |
| Coordinates: 51°25′6″N 4°3′59″E / 51.41833°N 4.06639°E / 51.41833; 4.06639 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Zeeland |
| Municipality | Reimerswaal |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.29 km2 (3.97 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0.1 m (0.3 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,445 |
| Density | 140/km2 (360/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4414 |
| Dialing code | 0113 |


title: WCNF

abstract:
WCNF may refer to:
  - WARB, a radio station licensed to serve Dothan, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WCNF from 2010 to 2018
  - WCXT, a radio station licensed to serve Hartford, Michigan, United States, which held the call sign WCNF in 2008
  - WSJM-FM, a radio station licensed to serve Benton Harbor, Michigan, which held the call sign WCNF from 1999 to 2008

text:
# WCNF

**WCNF** may refer to:

* WARB, a radio station (700 AM) licensed to serve Dothan, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WCNF from 2010 to 2018
* WCXT, a radio station (98.3 FM) licensed to serve Hartford, Michigan, United States, which held the call sign WCNF in 2008
* WSJM-FM, a radio station (94.9 FM) licensed to serve Benton Harbor, Michigan, which held the call sign WCNF from 1999 to 2008


title: Medium Security Institution

abstract: The Medium Security Institution, commonly referred to as The Workhouse, was a medium-security penitentiary located in St. Louis, Missouri, and was owned and operated by the municipal department of Public Safety and Corrections. Opened in 1966, the prison was long controversial for its poorly ventilated rooms, debt bondage, inadequate food, forced labor, and other human rights violations. On June 17, 2021, the jail was closed and its inmates moved to the City Justice Center.

text:
# Medium Security Institution

The **Medium Security Institution**, commonly referred to as **The Workhouse**, was a medium-security penitentiary located in St. Louis, Missouri, and was owned and operated by the municipal department of Public Safety and Corrections. Opened in 1966, the prison was long controversial for its poorly ventilated rooms, debt bondage, inadequate food, forced labor, and other human rights violations. On June 17, 2021, the jail was closed and its inmates moved to the City Justice Center.

## History

Built in 1966, the prison gained its nickname "The Workhouse" from an 1840s city ordinance that allowed forced labor as a punishment for criminals sentenced in law court who couldn't pay their fines.

The Workhouse became infamous for its poor living conditions, prisoner abuse, and penal labor.

On July 4, 2018, Close the Workhouse, a prison-abolition group, held demonstrations outside city hall to protest the inhumane conditions of the prison.

In 2019, Arch City Defenders, a public defender organization, filed a class-action lawsuit against the facility's inhumane living condition. The lawsuit alleged that the civil rights of detainees within the facility had been violated by the poor sanitation, limited ventilation, and poor medical care. The lawsuit said temperatures in the prison sometimes surpassed 120 degrees. In response, St. Louis spent $40,000 on temporary portable air conditioning for the prison.

In 2021, St. Louis Mayor Tishaura Jones proposed closing the Workhouse on her first day in office. The Workhouse was later closed on June 17, less than a month into her term.

* Ferguson unrest: 2014 unrest caused by the shooting of an unarmed black male by a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri.

## InfoBox

Medium Security Institution
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | 7600 Hall St, St Louis, Missouri |
| Status | Defunct |
| Security class | Medium |
| Capacity | 1,138 |
| Population | 185 (as of August 7, 2021) |
| Opened | 1966 |
| Closed | 2021 |
| Managed by | Public Safety Department - City of St. Louis |
| Director | N/A |


title: Supreme Prosecutors Office

abstract: The Supreme Prosecutors Office is the highest prosecution authority in the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan.

text:
# Supreme Prosecutors Office

The **Supreme Prosecutors Office** (traditional Chinese: 最高檢察署; simplified Chinese: 最高检察署; pinyin: *Zuìgāo Fǎyuàn Jiǎnchá Shǔ*; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Chòe-ko Kiám-chhat Sú*) is the highest prosecution authority in the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan.

## Organizational structure

* Statistics Office
* Accounting Office
* Civil Service Ethics Office
* Personnel Office
* Information Management Office

## Prosecutor General

The **Prosecutor General** of the Supreme Prosecutors Office is the highest ranking member of the prosecution system. The position is appointed by the president, and must be confirmed by the Legislative Yuan. The position carries a term limit of four years, and the appointee cannot serve consecutive terms. Notably, the prosecutor general has the exclusive authority to file extraordinary appeals.

### List of prosecutor generals

## Transportation

The office is accessible within walking distance South of Ximen Station of the Taipei Metro.

## InfoBox

Supreme Prosecutors Office
| 最高檢察署
Zuìgāo Jiǎnchá Shǔ (Mandarin)
Chui-kô Kiám-chhat Su (Hakka) | |
| --- | --- |
|
Special Investigation Division of the Supreme Prosecutor Office | |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 16 November 1928 |
| Jurisdiction | Republic of China |
| Headquarters | Zhongzheng, Taipei, Taiwan
25°02′22″N 121°30′34″E / 25.039336°N 121.509534°E / 25.039336; 121.509534 |
| Agency executive | * Xing Tai-Zhao, Prosecutor-General |
| Parent agency | Ministry of Justice |
| Website | Official website |


title: Felimare amalguae

abstract: Felimare amalguae is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

text:
# Felimare amalguae

***Felimare amalguae*** is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Isla Cedros, Mexico, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 28°10′N 115°15′W / 28.167°N 115.250°W / 28.167; -115.250 and nearby San Benito.

## Description

## Ecology

## InfoBox

| *Felimare amalguae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Family: | Chromodorididae |
| Genus: | *Felimare* |
| Species: | ***F. amalguae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Felimare amalguae***<br>(Gosliner & Bertsch, 1988) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mexichromis amalguae*  Gosliner & Bertsch, 1988 (basionym) | |


title: Gertrude Pitzinger

abstract: Gertrude Pitzinger was a German contralto appearing in concert, especially singing Lieder. She taught at the music universities of Hannover and Frankfurt.

text:
# Gertrude Pitzinger

**Gertrude Pitzinger** (15 August 1904 – 15 September 1997) was a German contralto appearing in concert, especially singing *Lieder*. She taught at the music universities of Hannover and Frankfurt.

## Career

Born in Mährisch-Schönberg, then in Austria-Hungary, Pitzinger studied in Vienna at the Musikakademie. She graduated in 1926 as music teacher. She studied singing *Lieder* with Julia Culp, and then moved to Reichenberg (now Liberec, Czech Republic), where she performed in oratorios and in concerts. A first recital of *Lieder* at the Berliner Singakademie brought her wider recognition. She performed in Hans Pfitzners *Von deutscher Seele*. Wilhelm Furtwängler performed with her as a soloist in London in 1937.

She toured in several European countries, and in the United States in 1938 and 1939. Hubert Giesen accompanied her in recitals, including at Carnegie Hall and the New York Town Hall. In England, the United States, and Canada, she became known as "the German *Lieder* singer". She often collaborated with conductors such as Ferenc Fricsay, Eugen Jochum, Joseph Keilberth, Egon Kornauth and Fritz Rieger. In 1940 she performed in the premiere of Franz Schmidt's cantata *Deutsche Auferstehung* in the Musikverein in Vienna, conducted by Oswald Kabasta. In 1957 he performed the **Liebesliederwalzer** by Johannes Brahms on a tour through Germany with Erna Berger, Walther Ludwig and Erich Wenk. In 1960 she recorded Mozart's Requiem with Elisabeth Grümmer, Helmut Krebs and Hans Hotter, conducted by Ferenc Fricsay.

She appeared regularly at the Salzburg Festival, singing in 1934 in Dvořák's Stabat Mater, and from 1951 to 1959 in Mozart's Requiem. In 1953, she appeared in Handel's *Judas Maccabaeus*, conducted by Joseph Messner, alongside Tilla Briem, Lorenz Fehenberger and Oskar Czerwenka. From 1955 to 1957 she performed in Beethoven's Missa Solemnis and until 1960 in masses by Haydn.

From 1956 Pitzinger held a master class for voice at the Musikhochschule Hannover. In 1960 she was appointed professor of voice at the Musikhochschule Frankfurt, where she taught until 1973.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Gertrude Pitzinger | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1904-08-15)15 August 1904
Mährisch-Schönberg, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 15 September 1997(1997-09-15) (aged 93)
Frankfurt, Germany |
| Education | Vienna Music Academy |
| Occupations |  |
| Organizations |  |
| Awards | Sudetendeutscher Kulturpreis |


title: Francisco Villarroya

abstract: Francisco Javier Pérez Villarroya is a Spanish former footballer who played mostly as a left midfielder.

text:
# Francisco Villarroya

**Francisco Javier Pérez Villarroya** (born 6 August 1966) is a Spanish former footballer who played mostly as a left midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Zaragoza, Villarroya made his professional debut with hometown's Real Zaragoza, appearing in one La Liga game in the 1984–85 season (a 4–0 away loss against FC Barcelona) but being almost exclusively connected with the reserves for three years.

In the summer of 1990, after helping the Aragonese to two consecutive top-ten finishes in the top division – fifth in the 1988–89 campaign, with the subsequent qualification for the UEFA Cup – whilst only missing a total of two matches, he signed with Real Madrid, being occasionally utilised as left-back during his four-year spell and being the capital side's first choice prior to the signing of Brazilian Roberto Carlos, battling for the position with Mikel Lasa.

After just 13 league appearances in his last two years at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, following the arrival of manager Benito Floro, Villarroya joined Deportivo de La Coruña, being relatively used and adding another Copa del Rey to his trophy cabinet. Still in the top tier, he then represented Sporting de Gijón, suffering relegation at the end of his second season.

Villarroya closed out his career at the age of 32 after one year with CD Badajoz in the Segunda División, amassing top-flight totals of 276 matches and nine goals over 14 seasons.

## International career

Villarroya earned 14 caps for the Spain national team in slightly more than two years, and was in the squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, playing all the games (mostly in the back sector) in an eventual round-of-16 exit.

His debut came on 20 September 1989 in a 1–0 friendly win over Poland in A Coruña, featuring the full 90 minutes as a Zaragoza player.

## Personal life

Villarroya's nephew, Ángel Lafita, was also a footballer (and a midfielder). He played the vast majority of his career with Zaragoza and Deportivo.

## Honours

**Real Madrid**

**Deportivo**

## InfoBox

Francisco Villarroya
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Francisco Javier Pérez Villarroya | | |
| Date of birth | (1966-08-06) 6 August 1966 | | |
| Place of birth | Zaragoza, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Zaragoza | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1984–1988 | Deportivo Aragón | 75 | (1) |
| 1984–1990 | Zaragoza | 100 | (6) |
| 1990–1994 | Real Madrid | 83 | (1) |
| 1994–1996 | Deportivo La Coruña | 42 | (0) |
| 1996–1998 | Sporting Gijón | 51 | (2) |
| 1998–1999 | Badajoz | 19 | (1) |
| Total |  | **370** | **(11)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1989–1992 | Spain | 14 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Walter Balcanquhall

abstract: Walter Balcanquhall was a Scottish clergyman who became a staunch royalist and supporter of the church policy of Charles I of England. He was chosen by James I as a delegate from the Church of Scotland to the Synod of Dort.

text:
# Walter Balcanquhall

**Walter Balcanquhall** (1586?  1645) was a Scottish clergyman who became a staunch royalist and supporter of the church policy of Charles I of England. He was chosen by James I as a delegate from the Church of Scotland to the Synod of Dort.

## Life

He was son of the Rev. Walter Balcanquhall, a strong presbyterian and was born in Edinburgh about 1586. He studied at the University of Edinburgh intending ultimately to take orders in the Church of England. In 1609 he graduated M.A.

He then entered at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he passed B.D., and was admitted a Fellow on 8 September 1611. He was appointed one of James I's chaplains, and in 1617 he received the Mastership of the Savoy, London. In 1618 James sent him to the Synod of Dort and the university of Oxford conferred upon him the degree of D.D. His letters from Dort, which were addressed to Sir Dudley Carleton, are preserved in John Hales's *Golden Remains.*

In March 1624 he obtained the deanery of Rochester, when the incumbent Godfrey Goodman was made Bishop of Gloucester. In 1639 he was made Dean of Durham. On the death of the celebrated George Heriot on 12 February 1624, Balcanquhall was one of the three executors of his will and was assigned the major part in founding George Heriot's Hospital, for which he drew up the statutes in 1627.

In 1638 he revisited Scotland, as chaplain to the Marquis of Hamilton, the royal commissioner. Balcanquhall was very badly received. He was author of an apologetical narrative of the court proceedings under the title of *His Majestie's Large Declaration concerning the Late Tumults in Scotland* (1639). On 29 July 1641 he and others of kin with him were denounced by the Scottish parliament as 'incendiaries', and he was harshly treated. He retreated to Oxford and shared the waning fortunes of Charles I.

He later took refuge with the royalist Sir Thomas Middleton at Chirk Castle, Denbighshire, and died there on Christmas Day 1645. Sir Thomas Middleton erected a monument to him in the parish church of Chirk, with an epitaph composed for him by John Pearson, then Bishop of Chester.

From November 1651 to February 1652, a case was heard at the Committee for Compounding. Isaac Gilpin alleged that valuable plate and vestments from Durham Cathedral had been hidden from the state. The Committee was asked to interrogate Lady Elizabeth Hammond, Walter Balcanquhall's widow: she had allegedly sent the valuables to the late Anthony Maxton, one of the former prebends of the cathedral, who had buried them in his garden.

"Balcanquhall, Walter (1586?-1645)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Balcanquhall, Walter (1586?-1645)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

## Further reading


title: Parvathi Nayar

abstract:
Parvathi Nayar is a New Delhi born visual artist and creative writer. She is best known for her creative videos, sculptures, paintings, bookmaking and photography. She was one of 70 artists selected to be part of B70, the historical 70th anniversary birthday show of Amitabh Bachchan.
One of her works, a 20-foot-high drawn sculpture artwork, was installed at New Mumbai airport on the opening day ceremony in 2014. Her work has also been collected by Singapore Art Museum, Sotheby's Institute of Art, The Australia India Institute and Deutsche Bank.

text:
# Parvathi Nayar

**Parvathi Nayar** is a New Delhi born visual artist and creative writer. She is best known for her creative videos, sculptures, paintings, bookmaking and photography. She was one of 70 artists selected to be part of B70, the historical 70th anniversary birthday show of Amitabh Bachchan. One of her works, a 20-foot-high drawn sculpture artwork, was installed at New Mumbai airport on the opening day ceremony in 2014. Her work has also been collected by Singapore Art Museum, Sotheby's Institute of Art, The Australia India Institute and Deutsche Bank.

## Education

2004 MA Fine Art, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, London on a Chevening Scholarship from the British government 1985 BA Fine Art (Distinction), Stella Maris College, University of Madras, Madras. She was ranked first in the University, Best Outgoing Student, Dept Of Fine Arts, Matriculation (Second State Rank, Tamil Nadu) & Plus2, Good Shepherd Convent, Chennai

## Work

Parvathi’s work examines the narratives of spatial relationships, both the internal/intimate spaces, and the external/public, and often through the prism of science and technology. She often uses science as a medium to explain and explore world through unusual microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. Jai He Public Art Project Her 20-foot-high drawn-sculptural artwork was commissioned and installed as part of the public art project Jai He at the new Mumbai airport that opened in 2014 The Seeds of Things/The Nature of Things The hand-drawn graphite drawing The Seeds of Things (90 x 63 x 2 inches) and its companion video The Nature of Things (duration 6 mins, 34 secs) was created for the show To Let The World In curated by Dr Chaitanya Sambrani, Art Chennai, Lalit Kala Akademi, 2012. The Ambiguity of Landscapes Solo show of drawings, videos, artist book, animation and photography curated by Annapurna Garimella at Gallery Veda, Chennai, India Kochi Muziris Biennale 2014/15 Parvathi was invited to the Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2014/15 curated by Jitish Kallat for which she created an installation of drawings and sound titled "The Fluidity of Horizons". . Parvathy was also the "TEDx Chennai Speaker" for the event held on 23 October 2016 at Chennai.

### List of selected exhibitions

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| Solos | |
| 2014 | "The Ambiguity of Landscapes" curated by Annapurna Garimella, Gallery Veda, Chennai, India |
| 2008 | "I Sing the Body Electric", Bombay Art Gallery, Mumbai, India |
| 2007 | "Win Lose Draw", commissioned by ARTSingapore, Singapore |
| 2006 | "Innerscapes", curated by Caroline Bannerjee, Song of India, Singapore |
| 2006 | "drawing is a verb: an installation", curated by Phan Ming Yen, The Arts House, Singapore |
| 1998 | "Journey", Kinara, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| 1997 | "Flowers, Faces, Feelings", Jakarta, Indonesia |
| 1996 | "the art of a woman", the Koi Gallery, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| 1994 | "Woman and the Elements", Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore |
|

## InfoBox

| Parvathi Nayar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1964-03-24) 24 March 1964
New Delhi, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | Central St Martins College of Art and Design |
| Known for | Contemporary Art, Drawings, Videos |
| Notable work | - A Story of Flight,
 - Jai He public art project,
 - T2 Terminal Mumbai Airport
 - The Fluidity of Horizons
 - Kochi Muziris Biennale |
| Website | www.parvathinayar.com |


title: Ori (Hebrew)

abstract:
Ori is a unisex Hebrew given name, for males or females which means "my light”. Also a name from the Hebrew Bible. A female name with a similar meaning and sound is Orit. Notable people with the name Ori include:
  - Ori Biton, Israeli footballer
  - Ori Elon, Israeli writer and filmmaker
  - Ori Gersht, Israeli photographer
  - Ori Kaplan, Israeli musician
  - Ori Orr, Israeli former general and politician
  - Ori Reisman (1924–1991), Israeli painter
  - Ori Shitrit, Israeli football player
  - Ori Sivan, Israeli director and screenwriter
  - Ori Uzan, Israeli football assistant manager and former player
  - Ori Yogev, Israeli businessman
  - Ori Kalmus, American-Israeli Actor

text:
# Ori (Hebrew)

**Ori** is a unisex Hebrew given name, for males or females which means "my light”. Also a name from the Hebrew Bible (Isaiah chapter 60). A female name with a similar meaning and sound is Orit (meaning "A small light"). Notable people with the name Ori include:

* Ori Biton (born 1987), Israeli footballer
* Ori Elon (born 1981), Israeli writer and filmmaker
* Ori Gersht (born 1967), Israeli photographer
* Ori Kaplan (born 1969), Israeli musician
* Ori Orr (born 1939), Israeli former general and politician
* Ori Reisman (1924–1991), Israeli painter
* Ori Shitrit (born 1986), Israeli football player
* Ori Sivan (born 1963), Israeli director and screenwriter
* Ori Uzan (born 1978), Israeli football assistant manager and former player
* Ori Yogev (born 1960), Israeli businessman
* Ori Kalmus (born 1986), American-Israeli Actor

## InfoBox

Ori
| Gender | Male, Female |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | Hebrew |
| Meaning | My light |