title: The Gray Havens

abstract: The Gray Havens are an American Christian folk pop husband and wife duo, David and Licia Radford, from Crystal Lake, Illinois. They started their music recording careers in 2012. Their first release, an extended play, Where Eyes Don't Go, was released by Zodlounge Music, in 2013. Their first full album, Fire and Stone, was released in 2015 with funds raised on Kickstarter

text:
# The Gray Havens

**The Gray Havens** are an American Christian folk pop husband and wife duo, David and Licia Radford, from Crystal Lake, Illinois. They started their music recording careers in 2012. Their first release, an extended play, *Where Eyes Don't Go*, was released by Zodlounge Music, in 2013. Their first full album, *Fire and Stone*, was released in 2015 with funds raised on Kickstarter

## Background

The duo are a husband and wife group, who married on August 25, 2012. They met while on a mission trip to British Columbia. David and Licia Radford (*née*, Keyes) are from Crystal Lake, Illinois, David is a former *American Idol* contestant, vocalist, guitarist, and pianist, and, Licia is a vocalist, mandolinist, and an ukulelist. They are members of the Evangelical Free Church of Crystal Lake. They moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 2014.

## Music history

The husband and wife duo commenced their recording careers in 2012, with the extended play, *Where Eyes Don't Go*, and it was released on January 25, 2013 by Zodlounge Music. Their first studio album, *Fire and Stone*, was released on January 6, 2015, independently. It was ranked in the Top 10 Albums of 2015 on Jesusfreakhideout.com. Their second studio album, *Ghost of a King*, was released on April 8, 2016, by Artist Garden Entertainment.

## Members

* Dave Radford (born March 22, 1988) – vocals, guitar, piano
* Licia Radford (*née*, Keyes) (born September 21, 1990) – vocals, percussion, mandolin, ukulele

## Discography

**Studio albums**

**EPs**

* *Where Eyes Don't Go* (January 25, 2013)
* *Rest EP* (September 25, 2020)

## InfoBox

| The Gray Havens | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Crystal Lake, Illinois |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2012 (2012)–present |
| Labels | Artist Garden |
|  | |
| Members | David Radford<br>Licia Radford |
|  | |
| Website | thegrayhavensmusic.com |


title: Mesopolobus

abstract:
Mesopolobus is a genus of insects belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. This genus has a variety of life histories, with the majority of species being parasites of pupae. Species:
  - Mesopolobus adrianae Gijswijt, 1990
  - Mesopolobus aeneus
  - Mesopolobus aequus (Walker)
  - Mesopolobus agropyricola Rosen, 1960
  - Mesopolobus aspilus
  - Mesopolobus beilingicus Sun & Xiao, 2016
  - Mesopolobus equivenae Sun & Xiao, 2016

text:
# Mesopolobus

***Mesopolobus*** is a genus of insects belonging to the family Pteromalidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. This genus has a variety of life histories, with the majority of species being parasites of pupae.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Mesopolobus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A mosopolobus verditer specimen | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Pteromalidae |
| Subfamily: | Pteromalinae |
| Genus: | *Mesopolobus*<br>Westwood, 1833 |
|


title: Grešnici

abstract: Grešnici were a Yugoslav rock band formed in Zagreb in 1965. They are notable as one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav rock scene.

text:
# Grešnici

**Grešnici** (trans. *The Sinners*) were a Yugoslav rock band formed in Zagreb in 1965. They are notable as one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav rock scene.

## History

### 1965–1975

Grešnici were formed in Zagreb in 1965 by brothers Krešo (organ, piano) and Kruno Pavlić (saxophone, organ, piano, vocals), Vedran Božić (guitar), Vlado Bastajić (bass guitar, vocals) and Darko Jambrek (drums). Initially, the band performed covers of international rock hits, and managed to gain some local popularity, holding regular concerts in Tucman club in Zagreb.

After their 1968 Yugoslav tour, on which they performed with new guitarist, Nikola Sarapa (who came to the band after Božić moved to Roboti), the band went on hiatus. In 1969, the band continued their activity in the new lineup, featuring, beside Bastajić on bass guitar and Jambrek on drums, new members: guitarist Vlado Delač (formerly of Zlatni Akordi), organist Neven Frangeš and guitarist and vocalist Branko Blaće, moving from performing covers towards performing their own material. The band had local success and gained media attention, Delač's compositions receiving praise, and Frangeš, who was 16 at the time, described by the press as a wunderkind.

During the first half of the 1970s, the band, led by Delač, went through numerous lineup changes, but managed to release eight 7-inch singles, with the songs "Mali trg" ("Little Town Square"), "Dok sam bio zelen i mlad" ("While I Was Green and Young") and "Rijeka snova" ("River of Dreams") becoming minor hits.

The band ended their activity in 1975.

### Post breakup

In 1996, the record label Orfej released the compilation album entitled *1970-1975*, featuring songs from the band's 7-inch singles, and, as bonus, recordings on which they performed as the backing band for pop singer Marijan Kašaj.

## Discography

### Singles

* "Mali trg" / "Sve što znam" (1971)
* "Rijeka snova" / "Zadnji odsjaj sreće" (1971)
* "Tiririri Huanita / Jedino ljubav" (1971)
* "Pjesma bez riječi" / "Što da ti pružim" (1972)
* "Dok sam bio zelen i mlad" / "Dajem ti sve" (1973)
* "Kestenjar" / "Hvala ti mama" (1973)
* "Susret"/ "Tužna priča" (1973)
* "Kokošji kljun" / "Dobar stari rock'n roll" (1975)

### Compilations

* *1970-1975* (1996)

## InfoBox

| Grešnici | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1965-1975 |
| Labels | Jugoton, Orfej |
|  | |
| Past members | Krešo Pavlić
Kruno Pavlić
Vedran Božić
Vlado Bastajić
Darko Jambrek
Nikola Sarapa
Vlado Delač
Neven Frangeš
Branko Blaće |


title: R7 Quad

abstract: The R7 Quad is a line of golf clubs manufactured by TaylorMade. Since its introduction in 2004, it has been the most-used driver on the PGA Tour and the best-selling driver in the amateur market. The R7 Quad was one of the first drivers to feature Movable Weight Technology, which enabled the golfer to rearrange four differently weighted screws in the driver's head in order to alter the flight of the ball according to a player's personal preferences. For the average golfer, this meant being able to use the clubs different weight settings in order to correct a hook or a slice. Under the rules of golf, this type of equipment adjustability is legal, provided that no changes are made during play. The R7 driver has been one of the most popular drivers in golf because of its ability to reduce the effects of faults. With the success of the R7 Quad, some other companies have sought to bring customizable products to the market, while others have produced clubs that are pre-weighted for the same corrective ball-flight. The 2009 season saw the introduction of the new R9 series. The R9 is built on the R7 movable weight technology by adding Flight Control Technology (FCT) which allows the player to adjust the face angle and loft/lie of the driver to correct the shot shape. Combined with the MWT, the flight control allows for 75 yards of lateral shot adjustment, compared to the latest R7 series driver the R7 Limited which had only a 40 yards of lateral shot adjustment.

text:
# R7 Quad

The **R7 Quad** is a line of golf clubs manufactured by TaylorMade. Since its introduction in 2004, it has been the most-used driver on the PGA Tour and the best-selling driver in the amateur market.

The R7 Quad was one of the first drivers to feature *Movable Weight Technology*, which enabled the golfer to rearrange four differently weighted screws in the driver's head in order to alter the flight of the ball according to a player's personal preferences. For the average golfer, this meant being able to use the clubs different weight settings in order to correct a hook or a slice. Under the rules of golf, this type of equipment adjustability is legal, provided that no changes are made during play.

The R7 driver has been one of the most popular drivers in golf because of its ability to reduce the effects of faults. With the success of the R7 Quad, some other companies have sought to bring customizable products to the market, while others have produced clubs that are pre-weighted for the same corrective ball-flight.

The 2009 season saw the introduction of the new R9 series. The R9 is built on the R7 movable weight technology by adding Flight Control Technology (FCT) which allows the player to adjust the face angle and loft/lie of the driver to correct the shot shape. Combined with the MWT, the flight control allows (in theory) for 75 yards of lateral shot adjustment (plus additional shot height adjustment due to the changing of the face angle), compared to the latest R7 series driver the R7 Limited which had only a 40 yards of lateral shot adjustment.

## Models

* R7 Quad (Original design with 4 Movable weights)
* R7 425 (Larger 425cc head with 4 Movable weights)
* R7 460 (Largest legal head by rules of golf, 460cc with 2 movable weights)
* R7 Superquad (4 movable weights in a 460cc head)
* R7 Draw (Preset draw bias to correct slice: Only club in the R7 line not to have Movable Weights)
* R7 CGB Max (Triangular shaped 460cc head to increase forgiveness with only 3 Movable Weights)
* R7 CGB Max Limited (Same design as the R7 CGB Max, but with a smaller 415cc head and 3 interchangeable shafts)
* R7 Limited (Triangular shaped 440cc head for a lower center of gravity (CG) with 3 Movable Weights)

A *Tour Preferred* version of the R7 Quad, 425, 460, and Superquad, supplied with a number of additional differently weighted cartridges for even more placement variations, non OEM shafts using models directly from the top shaft manufacturers such as Matrix, Fujikura, and Mitsubishi Rayon, instead of the 'co-engineered' models, and 1-degree open face, is (or was) also available. In addition, there are some official models that have been released only in Asia.


title: Muhammad Serajul Akbar

abstract: Muhammad Serajul Akbar was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and member of parliament.

text:
# Muhammad Serajul Akbar

**Muhammad Serajul Akbar** (c. 1944 – 9 March 2015) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and member of parliament.

## Biography

Akbar was born in 1944 in Magura District. In 1978 he joined Dhaka Shishu Hospital as its director. He joined the Bangladesh Institute of Child Health as a professor. In 1996 he was elected to parliament from Magura-1 on a Bangladesh Awami League nomination. He was re-elected to 2001. He was the President of Magura District unit Awami League. Akbar was re-elected to parliament in 2008 and 2014. He served as the President of Bangladesh Red Crescent Society.

## Death

Mohammad Sirajul Akbar had died on 9 March 2015 in National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Serajul Akbar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for Magura-1 | |
| **In office**
23 June 1996  9 March 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Major General Majid-ul-Haq |
| Succeeded by | A. T. M. Abdul Wahab |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Circa 1944
Magura, Bengal, British India |
| Died | 9 March 2015
National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Political party | Bangladesh Awami League |
|  | |


title: Howard Ellis (public servant)

abstract: Sir Samuel Howard Ellis was a New Zealand lawyer, public servant and cricketer.

text:
# Howard Ellis (public servant)

**Sir Samuel Howard Ellis** MBE (2 June 1889 – 19 January 1949) was a New Zealand lawyer, public servant and cricketer.

## Early life

Ellis was born in 1889 in Waipu, where his father was headmaster of the local school. He attended Auckland Grammar School, before studying at Auckland University College.

After leaving university, Ellis worked as a lawyer and was called to the bar in New Zealand in 1912. He moved to Fiji the following year.

During World War I he served in the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers and the Royal Flying Corps. He was shot down over France in 1916 and taken prisoner, but was exchanged in 1918 and joined the Royal Air Force. He was awarded a military MBE in 1918. After returning to Fiji following the war, Ellis later joined the civil service and became Director of Labour and National Service. In this role he also served on the Executive Council, and was knighted in the 1943 Birthday Honours.

## Cricket career

A wicketkeeper-batsman, Ellis played three first-class cricket matches for Auckland in 1911/12.

## Personal life

Ellis married twice. His first marriage was to Mary Mackenzie, the daughter of New Zealand Prime Minister Thomas Mackenzie, in London in 1918. She died in 1924. The second was to Nell Joske in 1926. He died in Auckland in January 1949 at the age of 59.

## InfoBox

Sir Howard Ellis
MBE
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Samuel Howard Ellis |
| Born | (1889-06-02)2 June 1889
Waipu, New Zealand |
| Died | 19 January 1949(1949-01-19) (aged 59)
Auckland, New Zealand |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 7 June 2016 | |


title: Govindaraja Perumal Temple

abstract: The Govindaraja Perumal Temple, also called Thiruchitrakoodam, is a temple situated in Chidambaram, a town in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, the temple is inside the premises of the Thillai Nataraja Temple, constructed in the Dravidian architecture. The temple is glorified in the Naalayira Divya Prabandham, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Alvar saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 Divya Desam dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Govindaraja Perumal and his wife Lakshmi as Pundarikavalli Thayar. Also significant as a major shrine of Shiva worship since the classical period, there have been several renovations and offerings to Chidambaram by the Pallava, Chola, Pandya, Vijayanagara, and Chera royals in the ancient and pre-medieval periods. The temple as it stands now is mainly of the 12th and 13th centuries, with later additions in similar style. The Govindaraja idol is believed to have been uprooted outside the temple complex during the period of Kulothunga Chola II. The Govindaraja idol was later found and reinstated by the king Krishnappa Nayak (1564–1572). Six daily rituals and two major yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Chittirai festival, celebrated during the Tamil month of Chittirai (March–April), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

text:
# Govindaraja Perumal Temple

The **Govindaraja Perumal Temple**, also called **Thiruchitrakoodam**, is a temple situated in Chidambaram, a town in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, the temple is inside the premises of the Thillai Nataraja Temple, constructed in the Dravidian architecture. The temple is glorified in the *Naalayira Divya Prabandham*, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Alvar saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 *Divya Desam* dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Govindaraja Perumal and his wife Lakshmi as Pundarikavalli Thayar.

Also significant as a major shrine of Shiva worship since the classical period, there have been several renovations and offerings to Chidambaram by the Pallava, Chola, Pandya, Vijayanagara, and Chera royals in the ancient and pre-medieval periods. The temple as it stands now is mainly of the 12th and 13th centuries, with later additions in similar style.

The Govindaraja idol is believed to have been uprooted outside the temple complex during the period of Kulothunga Chola II. The Govindaraja idol was later found and reinstated by the king Krishnappa Nayak (1564–1572).

Six daily rituals and two major yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Chittirai festival, celebrated during the Tamil month of *Chittirai* (March–April), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Legend

Chidambaram is one of the many temple towns in the state which is named after the grooves, clusters or forests dominated by a particular variety of a tree or shrub and the same variety of tree or shrub sheltering the presiding deity. The town used to be called Thillai, following Thillaivanam, derived from the mangrove of *Tillai* trees (*Exocoeria agallocha*) that grow here and the nearby Pichavaram wetlands. According to a Hindu legend, once Shiva and Parvati wanted to judge who among them was a better dancer, and wanted their sons Vinayaka and Murugan to judge their performances. Both of them judged in favour of Parvati, after which Shiva was not satisfied. He wanted Brahma to judge, and the competition was held in Thiruvalangadu. Brahma was still not satisfied, and he wanted Vishnu to judge, and the latter wanted the competition in Tillaivanam. Shiva performed the Urthvathandavam pose of picking his earring with his legs, and wearing them in the ear with his legs. Parvati was not able to perform the feat, and due to her frustration at her defeat, became Kali at the Thillai Kali temple.

## History

The Govindaraja shrine is dedicated to Vishnu and is one of the 108 holy temples of Vishnu called *Divya Desam*, revered by the 6th-9th-century saint poets of the *Vaishnava* (Vishnu-centric) tradition, the *Alvars*. Kulashekara Alvar mentions this temple as *Tillai Chitrakutam,* and equates Chitrakuta of *Ramayana* fame with this shrine.

King Kulothunga Chola II is believed to have uprooted the presiding Govindaraja image from the shrine. Kulothunga was a Shaiva king, and he wanted to establish the supremacy of Shaivism by destroying Vaishnava temples and killing Vaishnavas. The shrine has close connections with the Govindaraja temple in Tirupati, dating back to the saint Ramanuja of the 11-12th century. Ramanuja fled to Tirupati with the *utsava* (festival image) of the temple to escape persecution.

In the 16th century, king Krishnappa Nayak was instrumental in installing the image of Govindaraja back in the temple. There was a lot of resistance from those belonging to the *Shaiva* (Shiva-centric) tradition against reestablishing the Vishnu image in what had become a revered Shiva temple, but the king was unmoved, and the image was installed in the present form. There is no satisfactory evidence of co-existence of the Shiva and Vishnu shrines within the same temple built during the same time – there was a dispute in 1849 regarding the rights on the Govindaraja idol and *Alvar Sannidhi* (sanctum of *Alvars*) between *Vaishnavas* and *Dikshitars,* and the position of *Vaishnavas* was upheld by the district court.

## Religious significance

The temple is revered in *Naalayira Divya Prabandham*, the 6th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by Kulasekara Alvar in eleven hymns and Thirumangai Alvar in thirteen hymns. The temple is classified as a *Divya Desam*, one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. According to legend, Govindaraja is believed to have descended upon the earth for the sage Kanva and the 3,000 Dikshitars of the Thillai Natarajar temple. The temple is one of the two rare Divya Desams, with the other being Nilathingal Thundam Perumal temple, that are housed in a Shiva temple.

## Festivals and religious practices

The temple priests perform the *puja* (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the Vaishnavaite community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: *Ushathkalam* at 7 a.m., *Kalasanthi* at 8:00 a.m., *Uchikalam* at 12:00 p.m., *Sayarakshai* at 6:00 p.m., *Irandamkalam* at 7:00 p.m. and *Ardha Jamam* at 10:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: *alangaram* (decoration), *neivethanam* (food offering) and *deepa aradanai* (waving of lamps) for both Govindarajan and Pundarikavalli. During the last step of worship, *nagaswaram* (pipe instrument) and *tavil* (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the *Vedas* (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the temple mast. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The 10-day Chittirai festival celebrated during the Tamil month of *Chittirai* (March - April) and Gajendra Moksha festival are the prominent festivals celebrated in the temple.

* Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1993). *South Indian shrines: illustrated* (2 ed.). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0151-2.
* Ayyangar, Sreenivasa C.R. (1908). *The life and teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya*. Madras: R. Venkateshwar & Co.
* Hüsken, Ute; Will Sweetman (2009). *Viṣṇu's children: prenatal life-cycle rituals in South India By*. Germany: otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co.KG, Wiesbaden. ISBN 9783447058544.
* Sundararajan, K.R.; Bithika Mukerji (2003). *Hindu spirituality: Postclassical and modern*. USA: Cross Road Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-208-1937-5.
* Dubey, D. P. (2003). *Rays and ways of Indian culture*. New Delhi: M.D. Publishing Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-85880-98-3.
* Manninezhath, Thomas (1993). *Harmony of religions: Vedānta Siddhānta samarasam of Tāyumānavar*. New Delhi: Motilalal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. ISBN 978-81-208-1001-3.
* Michell, George (1995). *Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and , Volume 1, Issue 6*. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
* V.K., Subramanian (2003). *Sacred Songs Of India, Volume 5*. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 9788170174011.

## External

## InfoBox

| Govindaraja Swamy temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Thiruchitrakoodam | |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Cuddalore District |
| Deity |  |
| Location | |
| Location | Chidambaram |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
| Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Geographic coordinates | 11°23′58″N 79°41′36″E / 11.39944°N 79.69333°E / 11.39944; 79.69333 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Tamil architecture |


title: Gordon Ogilvie (priest)

abstract: Gordon Ogilvie is a retired British Anglican priest. He was Archdeacon of Nottingham from 1996 until 2006.

text:
# Gordon Ogilvie (priest)

**Gordon Ogilvie** (born 22 August 1942) is a retired British Anglican priest. He was Archdeacon of Nottingham from 1996 until 2006.

## Early life and education

Ogilvie was born on 22 August 1942. He was educated at Hillhead High School, then a grammar school in Glasgow. He studied at the University of Glasgow, and graduated with an undergraduate Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1964. He then entered the London College of Divinity, an Evangelical Anglican theological college, to train for ordination. During this time he also studied theology at the University of London as an external student, and graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity (BD) degree in 1967.

## Ordained ministry

Ogilvie was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1967 and as a priest in 1968. From 1967 to 1972, he served his curacy at St Giles' and St George's, Ashtead in the Diocese of Guildford. He then moved to the Diocese of St Albans where he was Vicar of St James's Church, New Barnet from 1972 until 1980.

In 1980, he became Director of Pastoral Studies at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. In 1989, he became Team Rector of Harlow. He was made an honorary canon of Chelmsford Cathedral in January 1994. From 1996 to 2006, he was Archdeacon of Nottingham in the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham.

Since 2007, Ogilvie has held Permission to Officiate in the Diocese of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane. During his retirement, he continues his ministry part-time as a member of the clergy team of Saint Andrew's Church, an Episcopal church in St Andrews.

## Personal life

In 1967, Ogilvie married Sylvia Margaret Weir. Together they have two children; one son and one daughter.

## InfoBox

| The Venerable
Gordon Ogilvie | |
| --- | --- |
| Archdeacon of Nottingham | |
| Church | Church of England |
| Diocese | Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham |
| In office | 1996 to 2006 |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1967 (deacon)
1968 (priest) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1942-08-22) 22 August 1942 |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Anglicanism |
| Spouse | Sylvia (m. 1967) |
| Children | Two |
| Education | Hillhead High School |
| Alma mater | University of Glasgow
London College of Divinity
University of London |


title: Tupadły, Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Tupadły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławowo, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Władysławowo, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Puck, and 55 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania. Prior to January 1, 2015, it was a part of the town Władysławowo. Tupadły was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Puck County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

text:
# Tupadły, Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Tupadły** is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławowo, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Władysławowo, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Puck, and 55 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania. Prior to January 1, 2015, it was a part of the town Władysławowo.

Tupadły was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Puck County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

## InfoBox

| Tupadły | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Pucka Street in Tupadły | |
| Tupadły | |
| Coordinates: 54°49′15″N 18°18′53″E / 54.82083°N 18.31472°E / 54.82083; 18.31472 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Puck |
| Gmina | Władysławowo |
| Population | 439 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | GPU |


title: Physocyclus enaulus

abstract: Physocyclus enaulus is a species of cellar spider in the family Pholcidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.

text:
# Physocyclus enaulus

***Physocyclus enaulus*** is a species of cellar spider in the family Pholcidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Physocyclus enaulus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Pholcidae |
| Genus: | *Physocyclus* |
| Species: | ***P. enaulus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Physocyclus enaulus***<br>Crosby, 1926 | |
|


title: Physocyclus globosus

abstract: Physocyclus globosus, sometimes known as the short-bodied cellar spider is a species of spider belonging to the family Pholcidae. This is a cosmopolitan species, found in caves and buildings throughout the warmer parts of the world. This is a small brown spider, with a short, broad abdomen. A black line runs along the back of the carapace, continuing along most of the abdomen. The eight eyes are grouped close together on a raised hump on the face.

text:
# Physocyclus globosus

***Physocyclus globosus***, sometimes known as the **short-bodied cellar spider** is a species of spider belonging to the family Pholcidae. This is a cosmopolitan species, found in caves and buildings throughout the warmer parts of the world.

This is a small brown spider (body length around 6 mm), with a short, broad abdomen. A black line runs along the back of the carapace, continuing along most of the abdomen. The eight eyes are grouped close together on a raised hump on the face.

* Preston-Mafham, Ken (1998). *Spiders: Compact Study Guide and Identifier*. Angus Books. ISBN 978-1-904594-93-2.
* Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 8.5. *American Museum of Natural History*.

## InfoBox

| Short-bodied cellar spider | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Pholcidae |
| Genus: | *Physocyclus* |
| Species: | ***P. globosus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Physocyclus globosus***
(Taczanowski, 1874) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pholcus globosus*
*Pholcus gibbosus*
*Decetia incisa*
*Physocyclus dubius*
*Physocyclus muricola*
*Artema atlanta*
*Physocyclus orientalis* | |


title: Joe LaBarbera

abstract: Joseph James LaBarbera is an American jazz drummer and composer. He is best known for his recordings and live performances with the trio of pianist Bill Evans in the final years of Evans's career. His older brothers are saxophonist Pat LaBarbera and trumpeter John LaBarbera.

text:
# Joe LaBarbera

**Joseph James LaBarbera** (born February 22, 1948) is an American jazz drummer and composer. He is best known for his recordings and live performances with the trio of pianist Bill Evans in the final years of Evans's career. His older brothers are saxophonist Pat LaBarbera and trumpeter John LaBarbera.

## Career

He grew up in Mount Morris, New York. His first drum teacher was his father. For two years in the late 1960s he attended Berklee College of Music, then went on tour with singer Frankie Randall. After Berklee he spent two years with the US Army band at Fort Dix, New Jersey. He began his professional career playing with Woody Herman and the Thundering Herd.

His reputation grew in the 1970s when he spent four years recording and touring with Chuck Mangione. He also worked as a sideman for Bob Brookmeyer, Jim Hall, Art Farmer, Art Pepper, John Scofield, Toots Thielemans, and Phil Woods. In 1979 he was a member of the Bill Evans trio, then spent much of the 1980s and early 1990s with Tony Bennett. He was in a quartet with his brother Pat and in a trio with Hein van de Geyn and John Abercrombie. He has taught at the California Institute of the Arts and the Bud Shank Jazz Workshop.

## Discography

### As leader

* *The Joe La Barbera Quintet Live* (Jazz Compass, 2001)
* *Mark Time* (Jazz Compass, 2003)
* *Love Locked Out* (2003), with Patti Wicks and Keter Betts
* *Native Land* (Jazz Compass, 2006)
* *Silver Streams* (Jazz Compass, 2012)

### As sideman

**With Tony Bennett**

* 1986 *The Art of Excellence*
* 1987 *Bennett/Berlin*
* 1990 *Astoria: Portrait of the Artist*
* 1992 *Perfectly Frank*
* 2007 *Sings the Ultimate American Songbook Vol. 1*

**With Rosemary Clooney**

**With Bill Cunliffe**

* 1993 *A Paul Simon Songbook*
* 1995 *Bill in Brazil*
* 2001 *Live at Bernie's*
* 2002 *Bill Cunliffe Sextet: Live at Rocco*
* 2003 *How My Heart Sings*

**With Bill Evans**

* 1979 *Live at the Balboa Jazz Club, Vol. 1*
* 1979 *Live at the Balboa Jazz Club, Vol. 2*
* 1979 *Live at the Balboa Jazz Club, Vol. 3*
* 1979 *Live at the Balboa Jazz Club, Vol. 4*
* 1979 *Live at the Balboa Jazz Club, Vol. 5*
* 1979 *Live in Buenos Aires, 1979*
* 1979 *We Will Meet Again*
* 1980 *Letter to Evan*
* 1980 *Turn Out the Stars*
* 1983 *The Paris Concert: Edition 1*
* 1983 *The Paris Concert: Edition 2*
* 1996 *His Last Concert in Germany*
* 1996 *The Brilliant*
* 1996 *Turn Out the Stars: Final Village Vanguard Recordings*
* 2000 *The Last Waltz*
* 2005 *Live in Rome 1979*

**With John LaBarbera**

* 2003 *On the Wild Side* (Jazz Compass)
* 2005 *Fantazm* (Jazz Compass)
* 2013 *Caravan* (Jazz Compass)

**With Pat LaBarbera**

* 1976 *Pass It On*
* 1993 *JMOG (Jazz Men on the Go)*
* 2003 *Deep in a Dream*
* 2005 *Crossing the Line*

**With Chuck Mangione**

* 1973 *Land of Make Believe*
* 1975 *Bellavia*
* 1975 *Chase the Clouds Away*

**With Bud Shank**

* 1996 *Plays the Music of Bill Evans*
* 1999 *After You Jeru*
* 2000 *Silver Storm*
* 2002 *On the Trail*
* 2009 *Fascinating Rhythms*

**With Kim Richmond**

* 1994 *Range*
* 1999 *Look at the Time*
* 2001 *Ballads*

**With Terry Trotter and Trotter Trio**

* 1993 *It's About Time*
* 1995 *A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum...In Jazz*
* 1995 *Company...In*
* 1995 *Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd in Jazz*
* 1996 *The Michel Legrand Album*
* 1997 *Sketches on Star Wars*
* 1998 *Follies*
* 2001 *The Fantasticks in Jazz*

**With others**

## InfoBox

| Joe LaBarbera | |
| --- | --- |
| LaBarbera performs at the International Jazz Festival of Punta del Este in 2015. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Joseph James LaBarbera |
| Born | (1948-02-22) February 22, 1948<br>Mount Morris, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument | Drums |
| Years active | 1970–present |


title: The Haunted Ballroom

abstract: The Haunted Ballroom is a one-act ballet, in three scenes and an interlude, with music and libretto by Geoffrey Toye and choreography by Ninette de Valois. It was first produced in London in 1934, and was revived several times, but much of the choreography is now lost. The ballet is a Gothic melodrama about a fatal family curse.

text:
# The Haunted Ballroom

***The Haunted Ballroom*** is a one-act ballet, in three scenes and an interlude, with music and libretto by Geoffrey Toye and choreography by Ninette de Valois. It was first produced in London in 1934, and was revived several times, but much of the choreography is now lost. The ballet is a Gothic melodrama about a fatal family curse.

## Production

The ballet was first staged by the Vic-Wells Ballet at Sadler's Wells Theatre on 3 April 1934. Geoffrey Toye, who wrote the libretto and the music, based the plot on a story by Edgar Allan Poe. The costumes and sets were by Motley. The principals in the first production were Alicia Markova as the leader of the ghosts, Robert Helpmann as the Master of Tregennis, William Chappell as the Stranger Player, and the teenaged Margot Fonteyn as the young Tregennis heir.

The work remained in the company's repertoire until 1957, but much of the choreography has since been lost.

## Plot

Set in a haunted ballroom, the ballet tells how the heads of the family of Treginnis are under a curse that leads to their deaths, dancing with ghostly partners.

Three guests at a ball in another part of the Tregennis house persuade the heir of Treginnis to show them the haunted ballroom. Fascinated, they want to dance, but are stopped by the master of the house. They leave and he is left alone, realising that the ghosts will come for him. Shapes appear, led by a thinly cloaked figure. Three of the ghosts resemble the young women who had strayed into the room. Treginnis seeks to dance with them, but Death intervenes. and the ballet closes with Tregennis's young son realising that he too will meet the same death.

## Sources


title: Garapan Heritage Trail

abstract: The Garapan Heritage Trail is located in Garapan, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. The cultural heritage trail project is supported through grants awarded to the Northern Marianas Humanities Council by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Office of Insular Affairs, United States Department of the Interior. The trail has twenty historical sites from the prehistoric, Spanish, German, and Japanese periods in the Northern Mariana Islands: 1) Mañagaha/Ghalaghal Islet; 2) Puntan Muchot/Ppiyal Ooláng; 3) Japanese Cannon Blockhouse; 4) Japanese Machine Gun Bunker; 5) American Memorial Park; 6) Japanese Hôan-den; 7) Nan’yô-ji Gatepost; 8) Latte Stone Monument; 9) Carolinian Utt; 10) Nambô Pier; 11) Garapan Dock; 12) Japanese Bunker; 13) Catholic Church Bell Tower; 14) Administration Hill; 15) old Japanese hospital/NMI Museum of History and Culture; 16) Sugar Train Locomotive; 17) Haruji Matsue Statue; 18) Saipan Jinja/Shinto shrine; 19) German Steps; 20) Japanese Jail. More sites may be added in the future. Historical sites on private property are not listed on the trail. The trail map is in English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Russian. The Marianas Visitors Authority built signs for the sites in four languages. A free mobile phone app with GPS assistance features tour sites.

text:
# Garapan Heritage Trail

The **Garapan Heritage Trail** is located in Garapan, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. The cultural heritage trail project is supported through grants awarded to the Northern Marianas Humanities Council by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Office of Insular Affairs, United States Department of the Interior.

The trail has twenty historical sites from the prehistoric, Spanish, German, and Japanese periods in the Northern Mariana Islands: 1) Mañagaha/Ghalaghal Islet; 2) Puntan Muchot/Ppiyal Ooláng; 3) Japanese Cannon Blockhouse; 4) Japanese Machine Gun Bunker; 5) American Memorial Park; 6) Japanese Hôan-den; 7) Nan’yô-ji Gatepost; 8) Latte Stone Monument; 9) Carolinian Utt; 10) Nambô Pier; 11) Garapan Dock; 12) Japanese Bunker; 13) Catholic Church Bell Tower; 14) Administration Hill; 15) old Japanese hospital/NMI Museum of History and Culture; 16) Sugar Train Locomotive; 17) Haruji Matsue Statue; 18) Saipan Jinja/Shinto shrine; 19) German Steps; 20) Japanese Jail. More sites may be added in the future. Historical sites on private property are not listed on the trail.

The trail map is in English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Russian. The Marianas Visitors Authority built signs for the sites in four languages. A free mobile phone app with GPS assistance features tour sites.

## History

Between 2012 and 2019, the Northern Marianas Humanities Council identified and mapped historically significant sites in the Garapan area, compiling and translating significant facts, and developing a related website. The trail opened in October 2019.

In January 2020, Tan Holdings Corporation executives and employees toured the trail and the Tan Siu Lin Foundation of the corporation donated to the NMI Museum of History and Culture.

## InfoBox

| Garapan Heritage Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Garapan, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands |
| Established | 2019 |
| Use | walking, self-guided tours |
| Website | garapanheritagetrail.com/index.html |


title: My World and Welcome to It

abstract: My World... and Welcome to It is an American half-hour television sitcom based on the humor and cartoons of James Thurber. It starred William Windom as John Monroe, a Thurber-like writer and cartoonist who works for a magazine closely resembling The New Yorker called The Manhattanite. Wry, fanciful and curmudgeonly, Monroe observes and comments on life, to the bemusement of his wife Ellen and daughter Lydia. Monroe's frequent daydreams and fantasies are usually based on Thurber material. The series, which ran for one season during the 1969–70 season on NBC, was created by Mel Shavelson, who wrote and directed the pilot episode and was one of its principal writers. Sheldon Leonard was executive producer. The show's producer, Danny Arnold, co-wrote or directed numerous episodes, and appeared as Santa Claus in "Rally Round the Flag".

text:
# My World and Welcome to It

***My World ... and Welcome to It*** is an American half-hour television sitcom based on the humor and cartoons of James Thurber.

It starred William Windom as John Monroe, a Thurber-like writer and cartoonist who works for a magazine closely resembling *The New Yorker* called *The Manhattanite*. Wry, fanciful and curmudgeonly, Monroe observes and comments on life, to the bemusement of his wife Ellen (Joan Hotchkis) and daughter Lydia (Lisa Gerritsen). Monroe's frequent daydreams and fantasies are usually based on Thurber material.

The series, which ran for one season during the 1969–70 season on NBC, was created by Mel Shavelson, who wrote and directed the pilot episode and was one of its principal writers. Sheldon Leonard was executive producer. The show's producer, Danny Arnold, co-wrote or directed numerous episodes, and appeared as Santa Claus in "Rally Round the Flag".

## Series description

Most episodes open with Monroe arriving in front of the house from the Thurber cartoon "Home," which in the original cartoon has a woman's face on one side of it. In the show, the house is initially house-shaped. The woman's face is often animated to appear, as Ellen says something to John. The "Home" house, without the face, is used as an establishing shot throughout the episodes. Other Thurber cartoons are similarly animated over the course of the series—sometimes in the opening sequence, sometimes later in the episode. The episode "Cristabel" begins with Monroe lying on top of a cartoon doghouse, a reference to the non-Thurber cartoon character Snoopy. Animation for the series was by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises.

Henry Morgan had a recurring role as Philip Jensen, a writer for *The Manhattanite*, who was based on humorist Robert Benchley. Harold J. Stone played the editor, with whom Monroe is often at odds about the cartoon content. A female writer who appeared in one episode was loosely based on Dorothy Parker. Guest-stars included Lee Meriwether, Paul Ford, Joe Besser, Ray Walston, Craig Stevens, Danny Bonaduce, Talia Shire (as Talia Coppola), Cindy Williams, James Gregory and Noam Pitlik.

Live action adaptations of Thurber's writing were another show staple. For example, "Rally Round the Flag," in which Monroe purchases a very large flag as a gift, is loosely based on a Thurber piece called "There's a Time for Flags". An incident with a policeman in "Cristabel" is an almost verbatim transcription of the Thurber story "The Topaz Cufflinks Mystery". *Fables for Our Time* is another source, as when John Monroe sees a unicorn in the back yard, a reference to "The Unicorn in the Garden." Many of the episode titles are taken from Thurber's *Fables for Our Time* (e.g., "The Shrike and the Chipmunks") and other writings ("Rules for a Happy Marriage" and many more).

The character name of John Monroe is Thurber’s alter-ego in his book *Owl in the Attic*. Monroe and his family first came to television in a 1959 *Alcoa Theatre/Goodyear Theatre* production called "Cristabel (The Secret Life of John Monroe)" also written by Mel Shavelson. The dog Cristabel was named after a dog Thurber gave to his daughter. John Monroe also appears in a 1961 episode of *The DuPont Show with June Allyson* called "The Country Mouse", starring Orson Bean. This also uses animated versions of Thurber's cartoons, and the story - cartoonist Monroe struggles to finish his work under the pressures of home and office - that could be regarded as an unofficial pilot for the My World series.

Despite the use of "drawings, stories, inspirational pieces and things that go bump in the night by James Thurber" (as stated in the opening credits), the show also contains character and story elements that owe little or nothing to Thurber's work. For example, there is no Thurber basis for Monroe and daughter Lydia playing chess throughout "Little Girls Are Sugar & Spice - And Not Always Nice!" Although Thurber material is woven around it, the episode's storyline itself is fairly conventional situation comedy. William Windom, though, was a tournament chess player, so he most likely added that to the storyline as a personal touch.

Despite many positive reviews, moderate Nielsen ratings (aired opposite *Gunsmoke*) led NBC to cancel the series after one season. It was replaced by *The Red Skelton Show*, which NBC had poached from CBS. It then went on to win the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series and Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series.

CBS reran *My World and Welcome to It* in the summer of 1972. Airings of the show after that were rare, as it was never syndicated nationally. Currently, the series has not been distributed on DVD, although bootlegs exist.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Man Against the World" | Melville Shavelson | Melville Shavelson | September 15, 1969 (1969-09-15) |
| John Monroe's wildly imaginative story of Grant and Lee brings a home visit from his daughter's teacher. | | | | | |
| 2 | "The Disenchanted" | Danny Arnold | Ruth Brooks Flippen | September 22, 1969 (1969-09-22) |
| Lydia runs away after her father refuses to have her seat changed at school. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Little Girls Are Sugar & Spice - And Not Always Nice!" | Lee Philips | Rick Mittleman | September 29, 1969 (1969-09-29) |
| Facing defeat in a chess match with Lydia, John envisions three ways out, each of which would make newspaper headlines. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Christabel" | Sheldon Leonard | Melville Shavelson | October 6, 1969 (1969-10-06) |
| John's magazine article gets him in trouble with his family, his editor and police. | | | | | |
| 5 | "The Night the House Caught Fire" | Melville Shavelson | Melville Shavelson | October 13, 1969 (1969-10-13) |
| John retreats into the past to recall the time his sniffles brought out the town's fire department. | | | | | |
| 6 | "The Ghost and Mr. Monroe" | Danny Arnold | Carl Kleinschmitt | October 20, 1969 (1969-10-20) |
| Payless after quitting his job in a huff, fantasy-prone John finds himself begging stock market tips from financial wizard (J.P. Morgan). | | | | | |
| 7 | "Nobody Ever Kills Dragons Anymore" | John Rich | Phil Sharp | October 27, 1969 (1969-10-27) |
| Eleven pickle forks become objects of international intrigue as John escapes into a world of fantasy. | | | | | |
| 8 | "Seal in the Bedroom" | Lee Philips | Paul Wayne | November 3, 1969 (1969-11-03) |
| John's imagination goes wild when his mother arrives for a visit after his cartoon is rejected by his editor. | | | | | |
| 9 | "The Saga of Dimity Ann" | John Rich | Harvey Bullock and R.S. Allen | November 10, 1969 (1969-11-10) |
| John secretly abandons the family cat after it nips him on the neck and finger. | | | | | |
| 10 | "A Friend of the Earth" | Hal Cooper | Paul Wayne | November 17, 1969 (1969-11-17) |
| John is miffed when his wife and daughter prefer the town character's witticism to his brand of humor. | | | | | |
| 11 | "Maid in Connecticut" | James Sheldon | Tom Koch | November 24, 1969 (1969-11-24) |
| During his wife's vacation, John's life is complicated by a new maid, who has a deathly fear of new appliances. | | | | | |
| 12 | "Native Wit" | Hal Cooper | Marion Hargrove | December 1, 1969 (1969-12-01) |
| John and his friend Phil Jensen match wits with the village wit in an attempt to send him packing. | | | | | |
| 13 | "The Shrike and the Chipmunks" | Sheldon Leonard | Marion Hargrove | December 8, 1969 (1969-12-08) |
| John is forced to collaborate with one of the most famous authors of children's books. | | | | | |
| 14 | "Rally Round the Flag" | James Sheldon | Laurence Marks | December 15, 1969 (1969-12-15) |
| John gives his daughter an unusual Christmas gift and incurs the wrath of the neighborhood. | | | | | |
| 15 | "The War Between Men and Women" | Alan Rafkin | Rick Mittleman | December 22, 1969 (1969-12-22) |
| A spilled martini triggers an outbreak of hostilities among friends at the Monroes' party. | | | | | |
| 16 | "The Mating Dance" | Sheldon Leonard | John McGreevey | December 29, 1969 (1969-12-29) |
| When a bully uses brute force to take Lydia to a party by beating up her scheduled escort, John leaps to the defense of the weaker fellow. | | | | | |
| 17 | "Darn that Dream" | John Rich | Lila Garrett & Bernie Kahn | January 5, 1970 (1970-01-05) |
| John recalls childhood fantasies in his attempt to explain to Lydia that nightmares run in the family. | | | | | |
| 18 | "The Human Being and the Dinosaur" | Alan Rafkin | Laurence Marks | January 12, 1970 (1970-01-12) |
| John attempts to explain to Lydia why inferior viewpoints must sometimes be tolerated. | | | | | |
| 19 | "Dear Is a Four-Letter Word" | John Rich | Erik Tarloff & Frank Tarloff | January 19, 1970 (1970-01-19) |
| Ellen insists that a communications gap exists between her husband and their daughter and asks John to seek advice from the school principal. | | | | | |
| 20 | "The Middle Years" | Danny Arnold | Danny Arnold & Ruth Brooks Flippen | January 26, 1970 (1970-01-26) |
| Left alone at home when his wife and daughter head for the mountains, John daydreams about an attractive neighbor. | | | | | |
| 21 | "Rules for a Happy Marriage" | John Rich | Rick Mittleman | February 2, 1970 (1970-02-02) |
| John becomes engrossed in a conversation about the shortcomings of wives and forgets to keep his lunch date with Ellen. | | | | | |
| 22 | "The Wooing of Mr. Monroe" | James Sheldon | Laurence Marks | February 9, 1970 (1970-02-09) |
| John's collaboration on a book with a woman at her apartment is turned into a romantic situation by his wife. | | | | | |
| 23 | "The Mea-Culpa Bit" | John Rich | Bill Manhoff | February 16, 1970 (1970-02-16) |
| Several people try to take the blame for the broken arm suffered by Lydia when her father chased her out of his study. | | | | | |
| 24 | "The Fourth Estate" | John Rich | Lila Garrett & Bernie Kahn | February 23, 1970 (1970-02-23) |
| John is shaken when a sixth grade school newspaper editor rejects two of his cartoons. | | | | | |
| 25 | "Monroe the Misogynist" | Allen Baron | Stan Cutler and Martin Donovan | March 2, 1970 (1970-03-02) |
| Both Ellen and his editor Hamilton Greeley, accuses John of being a woman-hater. | | | | | |
| 26 | "Child's Play" | John Rich | Carl Kleinschmitt | March 9, 1970 (1970-03-09) |
| John's disgust at a friend's patronization of his son turns into guilt feelings when he forgets a picnic date with his daughter. | | | | | |

## Awards

*My World and Welcome to It* won two Emmy Awards in 1970:

* Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series (William Windom)
* Outstanding Comedy Series

It was also nominated for:

* Outstanding Achievement in any area of Creative Arts ("Rally 'Round the Flag Boys" - special photographic effects).

## Book

My World — And Welcome To It
| Author | James Thurber |
| --- | --- |
| Illustrator | James Thurber |
| Cover artist | James Thurber |
| Language | English |
| Genre | humor |
| Publisher | Harcourt, Brace and Company |
| Publication date | October, 1942 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 324 pages |
| Preceded by | *Fables For Our Time and Famous Poems Illustrated* |
| Followed by | *Many Moons* |

The similarly titled book by James Thurber, *My World — And Welcome to It*, was published in 1942 by Harcourt, Brace and Company. The current edition is ISBN 0-89190-269-4. Part One of this collection contains 22 assorted Thurber short stories and humorous essays, many of them illustrated with his cartoons. Part Two consists of an eight-part comic memoir about France, written in 1937 and 1938, about twenty years after Thurber first arrived there near the conclusion of World War I. None of these stories, however, feature any of Thurber's "Monroe Family" characters.

The tone of these pieces ranges from lighthearted wordplay and dialect ("What Do You Mean It *Was* Brillig?") to literary satire ("The Macbeth Murder Mystery") to psychological horror ("The Whip-Poor-Will" and "A Friend to Alexander"). The most famous story is "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty," which bears little resemblance to the 1947 film of the same name.

1. Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). *The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present* (9 ed.). New York: Random House Publishing. pp. 948–949. ISBN 978-0-345-49773-4. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
2. Many-Faceted Morgan, *Quad-City Times* (Davenport, Iowa), September 15, 1969, page 20
3. Edgar Penton, Preview: Gentle World Of Thurber On TV, *The Times Herald* (Port Huron, MI), July 18, 1969, page 35
4. Thurber, James (1955). *Thurber's Dogs*. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. g. xvii. ISBN 0-671-79219-9.
5. Grode, Eric (August 19, 2012). "William Windom, Emmy Winner and TV Everyman, Dies at 88". *The New York Times*.
6. "Outstanding Comedy Series Nominees / Winners 1970". *Television Academy*. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
7. "Outstanding Lead Actor In A Comedy Series Nominees / Winners 1970". *Television Academy*. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
8. https://www.tvobscurities.com/articles/my\_world/
9. https://jacksonupperco.com/2017/07/12/revisiting-1969-70-a-look-at-my-world-and-welcome-to-it/
10. "Past Winners Database: 1969-1970 22nd Emmy Awards". *The Envelope: The Ultimate Awards Site*. Los Angeles Times. 2005. Archived from the original on 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
11. "His Life & Times: A Chronology". *The Thurber House: A Literary Center for Writers and Readers*. The Thurber House. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
12. "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947)". *Show Preview, AMCTV.com*. American Movie Classics. Archived from the original on 2006-06-29. Retrieved 2006-12-12.

## InfoBox

| *My World and Welcome to It* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Melville Shavelson |
| Based on | Stories, inspirational pieces, cartoons, and things that go bump in the night
by James Thurber |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 26 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Sheldon Leonard |
| Producer | Danny Arnold |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies | Sheldon Leonard Productions, in association with NBC |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | September 15, 1969 (1969-09-15)
March 9, 1970 (1970-03-09) |


title: Karl Spain

abstract: Karl Spain is an Irish comedian from Limerick. He is from the Corbally area of the city and was educated at CBS Sexton Street. In 2000, Spain won the RTÉ award for Best New Act. Spain appeared at the Montreal Just for Laughs comedy festival in 2003, which was later repeated on RTÉ Television. He is a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs comedy festival. Spain later ran a series on RTÉ entitled Karl Spain Wants a Woman. He appeared as master of kung-fu on the fifth series of Killinaskully in October 2008. In 2009 he had yet another TV show on RTÉ Two, Karl Spain wants to Rock. In March 2010 Karl began a tour as supporting act to fellow Irish comedian, Ed Byrne. Toured with Kevin Bridges in 2015. Karl Spain has also been known to attend University of Limerick Comedy Nights.

text:
# Karl Spain

**Karl Spain** (born 20 October 1971) is an Irish comedian from Limerick. He is from the Corbally area of the city and was educated at CBS Sexton Street.

In 2000, Spain won the RTÉ award for Best New Act.

Spain appeared at the Montreal *Just for Laughs* comedy festival in 2003, which was later repeated on RTÉ Television. He is a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs comedy festival.

Spain later ran a series on RTÉ entitled *Karl Spain Wants a Woman*. He appeared as master of kung-fu on the fifth series of *Killinaskully* in October 2008.

In 2009 he had yet another TV show on RTÉ Two, *Karl Spain wants to Rock*.

In March 2010 Karl began a tour as supporting act to fellow Irish comedian, Ed Byrne.

Toured with Kevin Bridges in 2015.

Karl Spain has also been known to attend University of Limerick Comedy Nights.

## InfoBox

| Karl Spain | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Corbally, Limerick City |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Education | CBS Sexton Street |
| Occupation | Actor & Writer |
| Known for | Karl Spain Wants a Woman, The Panel (Irish TV series) & Podge and Rodge's Stickit Inn |
| Television | Killinaskully, Karl Spain Wants a Woman, Podge and Rodge's Stickit Inn, Comedy Store, The Panel (Irish TV series), The Podge and Rodge Show, Tubridy Tonight, The Afternoon Show, The Republic of Telly |
| Partner | Rachel O'Keeffe |


title: Vicki Van Meter

abstract: Victoria Louise Van Meter was an American aviator. She was known for setting several distance-flying records for child pilots. At the age of 11, she became the youngest pilot to fly east to west across the continental United States of America, and the youngest female pilot to cross in either direction.

text:
# Vicki Van Meter

**Victoria Louise Van Meter** (March 13, 1982 – March 15, 2008) was an American aviator. She was known for setting several distance-flying records for child pilots. At the age of 11, she became the youngest pilot to fly east to west across the continental United States of America, and the youngest female pilot to cross in either direction.

## Early life

Van Meter first manipulated the controls of an airplane at the age of 10. On September 20, 1993, at the age of 11, she made headlines when she flew from Augusta, Maine, to San Diego, California, in a Cessna 172. A year later, she flew a Cessna 210 over the Atlantic Ocean to Scotland.

She visited the White House and appeared on *The Tonight Show*.

Soon after her European flight Van Meter gave up flying.

In 2003, Van Meter was featured with 36 other female pilots in the traveling exhibit *Women and Flight — Portrait of Contemporary Women Pilots*, based on a book of the same name by Carolyn Russo.

Pursuant to the Federal Aviation Reauthorization Act of 1996 signed into law by President Bill Clinton on October 9, 1996, after the death of Jessica Dubroff, it is no longer legal in the United States (under 49 USC § 44724) to attempt to set records as a student pilot, which effectively means that some of the records set by Van Meter will never be broken by an American.

## Personal life

Van Meter served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Moldova after graduating from Edinboro University with a degree in criminal justice. She worked as an insurance-company investigator and had made plans to pursue graduate studies.

## Death

Van Meter died at her home in Meadville, Pennsylvania, on March 15, 2008, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound at the age of 26. Her suicide surprised her family, who believed that she had been coping with her depression.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Vicki Van Meter | |
| --- | --- |
| Van Meter, 11, leaving on her cross-country flight on September 20, 1993. | |
| Born | (1982-03-13)March 13, 1982
Meadville, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | March 15, 2008(2008-03-15) (aged 26)
Meadville, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Edinboro University of Pennsylvania |
| Occupation | Aviator |
| Known for | Long-distance flying as a child pilot |
| Website | Official website |


abstract: The North American Society for the Study of Romanticism (NASSR) is an organization of scholars who hold conferences and publish a scholarly journal, European Romantic Review (ERR). The organization was founded at the University of Western Ontario in 1991, and its first conference was held in 1993. The society is not limited to North American members. The website notes that NASSR scholars "work in a wide range of disciplines, including History, Art History, Women's Studies, Philosophy, Music, Political Economy, and Literature; their interests encompass American, Canadian, English, French, German, Irish, Italian, Russian, Scottish, and Spanish Romanticism." Selected papers from NASSR's annual conference appear each year in a special issue of the academic journal European Romantic Review.

text:
# North American Society for the Study of Romanticism

The **North American Society for the Study of Romanticism** (**NASSR**) is an organization of scholars who hold conferences and publish a scholarly journal, *European Romantic Review* (*ERR*). The organization was founded at the University of Western Ontario in 1991, and its first conference was held in 1993. The society is not limited to North American members. The website notes that NASSR scholars "work in a wide range of disciplines, including History, Art History, Women's Studies, Philosophy, Music, Political Economy, and Literature; their interests encompass American, Canadian, English, French, German, Irish, Italian, Russian, Scottish, and Spanish Romanticism." Selected papers from NASSR's annual conference appear each year in a special issue of the academic journal European Romantic Review.


abstract: Granville Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 949 at the 2020 census. A 2021 estimate placed the township's population at 939. Most of the City of Humphrey and the entire Village of Cornlea lie within the Township.

text:
# Granville Township, Platte County, Nebraska

**Granville Township** is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 949 at the 2020 census. A 2021 estimate placed the township's population at 939.

Most of the City of Humphrey and the entire Village of Cornlea lie within the Township.

## History

Granville Township was organized in 1876.

## InfoBox

| Granville Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Platte County | |
| Coordinates: 41°41′57″N 097°32′19″W / 41.69917°N 97.53861°W / 41.69917; -97.53861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Platte |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.67 sq mi (92.38 km2) |
| Land | 35.67 sq mi (92.38 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2)  0% |
| Elevation | 1,742 ft (531 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 949 |
| Density | 27/sq mi (10/km2) |
| ZIP code | 68642 |
| Area code(s) | 402 and 531 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0838040 |


title: Mooinjer veggey

abstract: Mooinjer veggey is the Manx for little people, a term used for fairies in Gaelic lore. The equivalent Irish and Scottish Gaelic are Muintir Bheaga and Muinntir Bheaga.

text:
# Mooinjer veggey

***Mooinjer veggey*** is the Manx for *little people*, a term used for fairies in Gaelic lore. The equivalent Irish and Scottish Gaelic are *Muintir Bheaga* and *Muinntir Bheaga*.

## Manx folklore

In Manx folklore, the *mooinjer veggey* are small creatures ranging 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) in height, otherwise very like mortals. They wear red caps and green jackets and are most often seen on horseback followed by packs of little hounds of all the colours of the rainbow. They are rather inclined to be mischievous and spiteful.

The phrase is borrowed by the Anglo-Manx dialect to refer to fairies. Belief in fairies is or was formerly widespread in the Isle of Man. They live in green hillsides, more especially ancient tumuli. Anyone straying near these on a fine summer's evening would probably hear delightful music; but he must take care, especially if he is a musician, not to linger lest he should be entrapped. They are visible to people only when they choose. Some of them are benevolent, curing men of diseases and delivering them from misfortune. Others are malevolent, stealing children, even abducting adults, and bringing misfortune.

It was an old custom to keep a fire burning in the house during the night, so that the Fairies might come in and enjoy it. It is said that on dark, dismal and stormy nights, in the mountain parts of parishes, the people would retire earlier to rest, in order to allow to the weather-beaten Fairies the unwatched enjoyment of the smouldering embers of the turf fire. It was also customary to leave some bread out for the Fairies, and to fill the water crocks with clean water for them before going to bed. This water was never used for any other purpose, and thrown out in the morning. Manxwomen would not spin on Saturday evenings, as this was deemed displeasing to the *mooinjer veggey*, and at every baking and churning a small piece of dough and butter was stuck on the wall for their consumption. Both salt and iron were considered efficacious against malevolent charms.

## Manx language education

***Mooinjer Veggey*** is the name of a charity on the Isle of Man that operates several Manx language pre-school playgroups and nurseries, with the aim of helping young Manx children to grow up bilingual. The charity also operates a Manx language primary school, *Bunscoill Ghaelgagh*, at St John's, under contract from the Department of Education.


title: Geraldine Moses

abstract: Geraldine Michelle Moses, is an Australian doctor of clinical pharmacy, a consultant pharmacist, and an Adjunct Associate Professor of clinical pharmacy at the University of Queensland. She is a Senior Clinical Pharmacist at Mater Pharmacy Services in Brisbane. Moses provides advisory and educational services to many organizations, she founded PharEducation which provides seminars, and she has set up numerous information help lines for the general public and for health care professionals. In 2019, she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for her services to medicine.

text:
# Geraldine Moses

**Geraldine Michelle Moses**, AM is an Australian doctor of clinical pharmacy, a consultant pharmacist, and an Adjunct Associate Professor of clinical pharmacy at the University of Queensland. She is a Senior Clinical Pharmacist at Mater Pharmacy Services in Brisbane.

Moses provides advisory and educational services to many organizations, she founded PharEducation which provides seminars, and she has set up numerous information help lines for the general public and for health care professionals.

In 2019, she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for her services to medicine.

## Education

Moses attended St Aidan's Anglican Girls' School in Brisbane, matriculating in 1980. After graduating with a BPharm, Moses earned a postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Pharmacy in 1999, followed by a Doctorate in Clinical Pharmacy (DClinPharm) focused in Pharmacovigilance from The University of Queensland in 2005. She also holds certification as an Advanced Practice pharmacist (AdvPracPharm) (2015).

## Medical career

Since 1992 Moses has worked as Consultant Drug Information Pharmacist to the Academic Practice Unit of Mater Health Services, Mater Misericordiae, and since 2015 she has been an Adjunct Associate Professor in the School of Pharmacy at the University of Queensland.

She consults to many organisations, including the Queensland Office of Health Ombudsman, the Commission for Safety in Quality in Health Care, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the New Zealand Dental Association. She jointly founded PharmEducation, which provides seminars on medicines and medication management for health care professionals, and has been a director of it since 2010.

Moses is well known for her work on information helplines for consumers and professionals, being one of the founders of the Queensland Medication Helpline in 1995. She was leader of the Medicines Information Line pilot project at Mater Health Services, Mater Misericordiae from 2003 to 2006, funded by the Australian Council on Safety and Quality in Health Care. In addition to providing advice to consumers, it also provided insight into what issues people are having. Moses was especially concerned about the issues caused by complementary and over-the-counter medicines.

In 2013 she led the establishment of “Pharma-Advice”, a national drug information service for dentists, and she serves as Consultant Pharmacist there. She is a frequent speaker at seminars and conferences for the Australian Dental Association.

### Public engagement

Moses started hosting a regular show *Medication Talkback* on ABC radio in 1990, and it ran until 2004. During this time, she also co-hosted *Conversation hour* on ABC radio for two years, medical talk-back shows on radio 4BC and Vision Radio. On television, she co-hosted *Your Health* on channel Briz31, and was a regular guest on Channel 9's *Extra* program. She continues to host health programs for Rural Health TV.

In addition, she is regularly interviewed for her expert commentary and she has written for the public, with published articles on subjects including the need for tougher regulation for alternative medicines in the wake of the biggest drug recall in Australian history from Pan Pharmaceuticals, warnings that so-called "natural remedies" are not harmless, adverse reactions from the uncontrolled practice of adding herbal medicines to foods and beverages, risks of the popular sleep drug Stilnox and the consequent legal action.

Building on her early media interactions, Moses joined with colleagues from the Mater Hospital in Brisbane to create *The Medicines Online*, which was the first public telephone help line about drug information in Australia. This led to her being awarded the Churchill Fellowship in 1999, that funded her to investigate best practice in consumer drug information internationally.

Her persistence in holding supplementary, complementary and alternative medicines to the same standards as accepted treatments has drawn criticism from bodies that support those industries.

### Published works

As of February 2021, Google Scholar lists 60 publications by Moses, and it estimates her h-index as 8. She wrote a series of articles for the *Australian Family Physician* journal, mostly concerning so-called "complementary medicines". Moses' most notable published academic work is the Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Study, 2000–2002.

## Awards and recognition

Moses is a Fellow of the Australian College of Pharmacy, and has received the following honours:

## Personal life

Moses is married, with a daughter, Rebecca.

## InfoBox

| Geraldine MosesAM | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Education | * BPharm * DClinPharm * AdvPracPharm |
| **Medical career** | |
| Profession | Adjunct Associate Professor |
| Institutions | School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland |
|  | |


title: Geraldine O'Hanrahans GAA

abstract: Geraldine O'Hanrahans is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in New Ross in County Wexford, Ireland.

text:
# Geraldine O'Hanrahans GAA

**Geraldine O'Hanrahans** is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in New Ross in County Wexford, Ireland.

## History

The club was founded in the 1900s and takes its name from the FitzGerald dynasty and Michael O'Hanrahan, a New Ross man who was executed after the 1916 Easter Rising.

## Achievements

## Notable players

## InfoBox

Geraldine O'Hanrahans
| *Gearaltaigh Uí Annracháin* | |
| --- | --- |
| County: | Wexford |
| Colours: | Blue with gold stripe |
| Grounds: | O'Kennedy Park, New Ross |
| Coordinates: | 52°24′15″N 6°56′02″W / 52.40409°N 6.933864°W / 52.40409; -6.933864 |
| Playing kits | |
|  | |
| Senior Club Championships | |
| All Ireland Leinster
champions Wexford
champions  Football:     Hurling: | |


title: Turrid

abstract: Turrid, plural turrids, is a common name for a very large group of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks which until recently were all classified in the family Turridae. However, recently the family was discovered to be polyphyletic and therefore was split into a number of families. The original family Turridae used to contain more than 4,000 species. the Turridae It was the largest mollusk family and the largest group of marine caenogastropods. There were approximately 27,000 described scientific names within the family Turridae. Turrids constituted more than half of the predatory species of gastropods in some parts of the world. However, this very large family was shown to be polyphyletic, and in 2011 it was divided into 13 separate families by Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev and Puilandre. The single most complete collection of turrids in museums worldwide is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia malacology collection; this is because of specialized collecting by the American malacologist Virginia Orr Maes (1920-1986).

text:
# Turrid

**Turrid**, plural **turrids**, is a common name for a very large group of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks which until recently were all classified in the family Turridae. However, recently the family was discovered to be polyphyletic and therefore was split into a number of families.

The original family Turridae used to contain more than 4,000 species. the Turridae (*sensu* Powell 1966) It was the largest mollusk family and the largest group of marine caenogastropods. There were approximately 27,000 described scientific names (accepted names plus synonyms) within the family Turridae. Turrids constituted more than half of the predatory species of gastropods in some parts of the world (Taylor et al. 1980). However, this very large family was shown to be polyphyletic, and in 2011 it was divided into 13 separate families by Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev and Puilandre.

The single most complete collection of turrids in museums worldwide is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia malacology collection; this is because of specialized collecting by the American malacologist Virginia Orr Maes (1920-1986).

## Distribution

Turrids are found worldwide in every sea and ocean from both poles to the tropics. They occur from the low-intertidal zone to depths of more than eight thousand metres (e.g., *Xanthodaphne levis* Sysoev, 1988, collected between 7974–8006 m, in the Bougainville Trench). However, most species of turrids are found in the neritic zone.

## Shell description

Most turrids are rather small, with a height under 2 cm, but the adult shells of different species are between 0.3 and 11.4 cm in height.

The shape of the shells is more or less fusiform, varying from very high-spired to broadly ovate. The whorls are elongate to broadly conical.

The sculpture is very variable in form, but most have axial sculpture or spiral sculpture (or a combination of both). Others may be reticulate, beaded, nodulose, or striate.

The aperture of the shell very often has a V-shaped sinus or notch, an indentation on the upper end of the outer lip. This accommodates the anal siphonal notch, commonly known as the "turrid notch". The siphonal canal is usually open, varying from short and stocky to long and slender. The position of the turrid notch of the shell and the form and sculpture of the whorls have traditionally been the primary methods of classifying the turrids.

The columella is usually smooth and only seldom shows labial plicae. The operculum is horny, but is not always present.

Turrids are carnivorous, predatory gastropods. Most species have a poison gland used with the toxoglossan radula, used to prey on vertebrates and invertebrate animals (mostly polychaete worms) or in self-defense. Some turrids have lost the radula and the poison gland. The radula, when present, has two or three teeth in a row. It lacks lateral teeth and the marginal teeth are of the wishbone or duplex type. The teeth with a duplex form are not shaped from two distinct elements but grow from a flat plate, by thickening at the edges of the teeth and elevation of the rear edge from the membrane.

Female turrids lay their eggs in lens-shaped capsules.

## History of the taxonomy

The turrids were perceived as one of the most difficult groups to study because of a large number of supra-specific described taxa, which are complicated by their species diversity. Although some species of turrids are relatively common, many are rare, some being known only from single specimens; this is another factor that makes studying the group difficult.

2011 taxonomy

The previous (2005) classification system for the group was thoroughly changed by the publication in 2011 of the article Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308. The authors presented a new classification of the Conoidea on the genus level, based on anatomical characters but also on the molecular phylogeny as presented by Puillandre N., et al., 2008. The polyphyletic family Turridae was resolved into 13 monophyletic families (containing 358 currently recognized genera and subgenera) :

2005 taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, which attempted to set out a stable taxonomy, this group consisted of the following five subfamilies:

## Genera

Genera in the family Turridae used to include:

## Further reading

* Kilburn R. N. (1983). "Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 1. Subfamily Turrinae." *Ann. Natal. Mus.* **25**: 549–585.
* McLean J. (1971). "A revised classification of the family Turridae, with the proposal of new subfamilies, genera, and subgenera from the Eastern Pacific". *Veliger* **14**: 114–130.
* Powell A. W. B. (1964). "The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1, The subfamily Turrinae". *Indo-Pacific Mollusca* **1**: 227–345.
* Tucker J. K. (2004). "Catalog of Recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". *Zootaxa* **682**: 1–1295. preview


title: Turridrupa acutigemmata

abstract: Turridrupa acutigemmata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

text:
# Turridrupa acutigemmata

***Turridrupa acutigemmata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 9 mm and 30.5 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Africa; Mozambique; Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Fiji Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Queensland (Australia).

* Schepman, M.M. 1913. Toxoglossa. pp. 384–396 in Weber, M. & de Beaufort, L.F. (eds). The Prosobranchia, Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia Tectibranchiata, Tribe Bullomorpha, of the Siboga Expedition. Monograph 49. Siboga Expeditie 32(2)
* Melvill, J.C. 1917. A revision of the Turridae (Pleurotomidae) occurring in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and North Arabian Sea as evidenced mostly through the results of dredgings carried out by Mr. F.W. Townsend, 1893–1914. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 12(4-5): 140-201
* Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs.
* Powell, A.W.B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1-23
* Powell, A.W.B. 1968. The turrid shellfish of Australian waters. Australian Natural History 1 16: 1–6
* Shuto, T. 1975. Notes on type species of some turrid genera based on the type specimens in the British Museum (N.H.). Venus 33(4): 161-175
* Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. \[
* Kilburn R.N. (1988). Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 4. Subfamilies Drillinae, Crassispirinae and Strictispirinae. Annals of the Natal Museum. 29(1): 167-320
* Wilson, B. 1994. Australian marine shells. Prosobranch gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
* Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa,

## InfoBox

| *Turridrupa acutigemmata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Turridrupa acutigemmata* (specimen at Naturalis Biodiversity Center) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Turridae |
| Genus: | *Turridrupa* |
| Species: | ***T. acutigemmata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turridrupa acutigemmata***<br>(E.A. Smith, 1877) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) acutigemmata* (E.A. Smith, 1877). * *Pleurotoma (Turris) acutigemmata* Smith E. A., 1877 (original combination) * *Pleurotoma acutigemmata var. minor* E. A. Smith, 1904 * *Turris (Tomopleura) acutigemmata* (E.A. Smith, 1877). | |


title: Turridae

abstract: Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family name Turridae was originally given to a very large group of several thousand sea snail species that were thought to be closely related. The family was described with about 700 genus-group taxa and an estimated 10,000 recent and fossil species. However, that original grouping was discovered to be polyphyletic. In recent years, the family Turridae has been much reduced in size, because a number of other families were created to contain the monophyletic lineages that had previously been thought to belong in the same family. The common name turrids is still used informally to refer to the polyphyletic group.

text:
# Turridae

**Turridae** is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

The family name Turridae was originally given to a very large group of several thousand sea snail species that were thought to be closely related. The family was described with about 700 genus-group taxa and an estimated 10,000 recent and fossil species. However, that original grouping was discovered to be polyphyletic.

In recent years, the family Turridae has been much reduced in size, because a number of other families were created to contain the monophyletic lineages that had previously been thought to belong in the same family.

The common name *turrids* is still used informally to refer to the polyphyletic group.

## Distribution

Species in the family Turridae are found worldwide; most are found in the neritic zone. It is a major component of the Indo-Pacific molluscan fauna.

## Shell description

The shape of the narrow shells is more or less fusiform. The whorls are elongate to broadly spindle-shaped and conical. The shells are generally small, their length usually smaller than 150 mm (with a few exceptions, up to 250 mm). The sculpture is variable. The shell shows strong ribs and spiral ridges.The aperture is long and narrow, with a siphonal canal and an anal sinus.

Turrids are carnivorous, predatory gastropods. Most species have a poison gland used with the toxoglossan radula, used to prey on vertebrates and invertebrate animals (mostly polychaete worms) or in self-defense. Some turrids have lost the radula and the poison gland. The radula, when present, has two or three teeth in a row. It lacks lateral teeth and the marginal teeth are of the wishbone or duplex type. The teeth with a duplex form are not shaped from two distinct elements but grow from a flat plate, by thickening at the edges of the teeth and elevation of the rear edge from the membrane.

Female turrids lay their eggs in lens-shaped capsules.

## History of the taxonomy

The family Turridae, in the older broadest sense of the group, was in the past perceived as one of the most difficult groups to study because of a large number of supra-specific described taxa, which were complicated by their species diversity.

This led to an outcry by Melvill & Standen in 1901:

> One cannot help feeling, indeed, the more the Pleurotomacea (now former name for the Pleurotomidae, synonym of Turridae) are studied closely, how painfully artificial and misleading are many of the characters which are employed in differentiating the sections, so called genera, and subgenera of this vast assemblage. It is almost too large for the monographer, and so enormous are the number of species annually brought to light, especially since the abyssal forms have been sought after and procured with greater facility, that we fear confusion will soon be worse confounded, and the patience of malacologists tried too far, unless some benefactor of this race arises to study these forms alone as his life's work.

Although some species were relatively common, many were rare, some being known only from single specimens; this is another factor that made studying the group difficult. Turridiae was in this sense a heterogenous family that contained, more or less, all conoideans not included in the Conidae and Terebridae. Most of this was based on radula and shell characters. Taylor et al. (1993) tried to rely more on anatomical characters and moved several subfamilies from Turridae to Conidae.

2005 taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, which attempted to set out a stable taxonomy, this family consisted of the following five subfamilies:

2011 taxonomy

The 2005 classification system for the group was greatly changed by the 2011 publication of an article revising the taxonomy of the superfamily Conoidea, Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308. The authors presented a new classification of the superfamily Conoidea on the genus level, based on anatomical characters but also on the molecular phylogeny as presented by Puillandre N., et al., 2008. The polyphyletic family Turridae was resolved into 13 monophyletic families (containing 358 currently recognized genera and subgenera)

## Current genera

Genera in the family Turridae sensu stricto, include according to WoRMS:

Synonymy * *Annulaturris* Powell, 1966: synonym of *Turris* Batsch, 1789
* *Austrogemmula* Laseron, 1954: synonym of *Epidirella* Iredale, 1913
* *Bathybermudia* Haas, 1949: synonym of *Ptychosyrinx* Thiele, 1925
* *Clamturris* Iredale, 1931: synonym of *Xenuroturris* Iredale, 1929
* *Eugemmula* Iredale, 1931: synonym of *Gemmula* Weinkauff, 1875
* *Euryentmena* : synonym of *Euryentmema* Woodring, 1928 (misspelling)
* *Lophioturris* Powell, 1964: synonym of *Lophiotoma* Casey, 1904
* *Oxytropa* Glibert, 1955: synonym of *Polystira* Woodring, 1928
* *Pinguigemmula* McNeil, 1961: synonym of *Cryptogemma* Dall, 1918
* *Pleurotoma* Lamarck, 1799: synonym of *Turris* Batsch, 1789
* *Ptychosyrinx* Thiele, 1925: synonym of *Cryptogemma* Dall, 1918

Subfamily Strictispirinae McLean, 1971 : synonym of Strictispiridae McLean, 1971, synonym of Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966 (raised to family level)

## Further reading

* Grant, U. S. & H. R. Gale, 1931 \[3 November\], Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions; with notes on their morphology, classification, and nomenclature and a special treatment of the Pectinidae and the Turridae (including a few Miocene and Recent species), together with a summary of the stratigraphic relations of the formations involved. Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1: 1036 pp., 32 pls.
* Powell, A. W. B., 1942 \[15 July\], *The New Zealand Recent and fossil Mollusca of the family Turridae with general notes on turrid nomenclature and systematics*. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 2: 188 pp., 14 pls.
* Powell A. W. B. (1964). "The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1, The subfamily Turrinae". *Indo-Pacific Mollusca* **1**: 227–345.
* Morrison, J. P. E., 1966 \[28 February\], *On the families of Turridae.* The American Malacological Union. Annual Reports, for 1965: 1–2
* Oyama, K., 1966, *On living Japanese Turridae*. Venus, 25(1): 1–20
* Powell, A. W. B., 1966, *The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species*. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 5: 184 pp., 23 pls.
* Powell, A. W. B., 1969 \[9 September\], *The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 2. The subfamily Turriculinae*. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 2(10): 207–415, pls. 188–324
* Sabelli, B. & G. Spada, 1977, *Guida illustrata all'identificazione delle conchiglie del Mediterraneo. Fam. Turridae I*. Conchiglie, 13(3–4\[Supplemento\]): 2 pp., 1 pl.
* Kilburn R. N. (1983). "Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 1. Subfamily Turrinae." *Ann. Natal. Mus.* **25**: 549–585.
* McLean J. (1971). "A revised classification of the family Turridae, with the proposal of new subfamilies, genera, and subgenera from the Eastern Pacific". *Veliger* **14**: 114–130
* Vera Peláez, J. L., J. Martinell & M. C. Lozano-Francisco, 1999 \[June\], Turridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) of the Lower Pliocene from Malaga (Spain). Iberus, 17(1): 1–1
* Vera peláez, J. L., 2002 \[29 November\], Revision de la familia Turridae, excepto Clavatulinae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) en el Plioceno de las cuencas de Estepona, Malaga y Velez Malaga (Malaga, S Espana) con la descripcion de 26 especies nuevas. Pliocenica, 2: 176–262
* Tucker, J.K. 2004 *Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)*. Zootaxa 682:1-1295*
* Kilburn, Richard N., Alexander E. Fedosov, and Baldomero M. Olivera. "Revision of the genus Turris (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species." Zootaxa 3244.1 (2012): 1

## InfoBox

| Turridae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Five views of a shell of *Turris crispa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Turridae
H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838) |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Turris*
Batch, 1789 | |
| Genera | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| Pleurotomidae | |


title: Tuberculous pericarditis

abstract: Tuberculous pericarditis is a form of pericarditis. It is a condition in which the pericardium surrounding the heart is infected by the bacterial species Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for a significant percentage of presentations of tuberculosis worldwide. The condition has four stages of disease which manifests with clinical presentations ranging from acute pericarditis to overt heart failure. Tuberculous pericarditis is an under-diagnosed condition. Diagnosis often requires a range of diagnostic tools, including pericardiocentesis, biochemical tests, and imaging. Treatment of this disease is similar to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Alternative treatment options to reduce cardiac complications are also available.

text:
# Tuberculous pericarditis

**Tuberculous pericarditis** is a form of pericarditis. It is a condition in which the pericardium surrounding the heart is infected by the bacterial species *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for a significant percentage of presentations of tuberculosis worldwide. The condition has four stages of disease which manifests with clinical presentations ranging from acute pericarditis to overt heart failure. Tuberculous pericarditis is an under-diagnosed condition. Diagnosis often requires a range of diagnostic tools, including pericardiocentesis, biochemical tests, and imaging. Treatment of this disease is similar to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Alternative treatment options to reduce cardiac complications are also available.

## Epidemiology

Tuberculous pericarditis is a condition that accounts for 1-2% of presentations of tuberculosis outside of the lungs. It is found in people of all ages and typically affects males more frequently than females. Tuberculosis is also one of the leading causes of effusive pericarditis worldwide. In tuberculosis-endemic regions, tuberculous pericarditis accounts for 50-90% of cases of effusive pericarditis, depending on HIV status. In developed countries, it only accounts for about 4% of cases. Tuberculous pericarditis is a deadly disease with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the first 6 months after diagnosis.

## Pathogenesis

Tuberculous pericarditis is caused by infection with the bacterial species *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Bacteria enter the body through inhalation and are ingested by white blood cells called macrophages. Surviving bacteria multiply and can spread to other areas of the body. This can occur through the lymphatic system, blood, or via direct spread from infected tissues. Infection of the pericardium is assisted by a variety of inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. These mediators include IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ induced protein, and tumor necrosis factor. These mediators then accumulate in the pericardial fluid leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Certain individuals have an increased risk of infectious spread to the pericardium. This includes people with immunosuppression, HIV/AIDS, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes, amongst others.

There are four stages of tuberculous pericarditis following infection by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis:*

|  | Manifestation | Pathological Basis | Clinical Presentation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stage 1 | Dry stage | * Fibrinous exudation * Abundant mycobacteria * Granuloma formation | * Acute pericarditis |
| Stage 2 | Effusive stage | * Lymphocytic exudation * Serosanguineous effusion |  |
| Stage 3 | Adsorptive stage | * Absorption of effusion * Pericardial thickening * Fibrosis | * Constrictive pericarditis |
| Stage 4 | Constrictive stage | * Constructive scarring * Calcification of pericardium | * Constrictive pericarditis |

## Signs and Symptoms

Tuberculous pericarditis commonly presents with symptoms similar to both pulmonary tuberculosis and heart failure. These symptoms include:

* Fever
* Fatigue
* Night sweats
* Weight loss
* Shortness of breath
* Chest pain
* Cough

Indications of pericarditis or heart failure may also be seen on physical exam. These signs include increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, pericardial friction rub, ascites, and lower extremity edema. The clinical presentation depends on the stage of disease. The dry stage presents with features resembling acute pericarditis (chest pain, pericardial friction rub, diffuse ST-segment elevation on EKG, etc.). The effusive, adsorptive, and constrictive stages typically present with features of heart failure (shortness of breath, ascites, peripheral edema, etc.).

## Diagnosis

Tuberculous pericarditis is an under-diagnosed condition with up to 15-20% of people with the disease never being formally diagnosed. It is difficult to diagnose because definitive diagnosis requires culturing *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* from aspirated pericardial fluid. This can be achieved via pericardiocentesis, which has both therapeutic and diagnostic utility. Pericardial biopsy is another method of obtaining samples, although this method is invasive and is used less frequently. Culturing pericardial fluid is currently the most widely used diagnostic test for tuberculous pericarditis. However, this process is lengthy and may take up to 3 weeks to receive results. Biochemical tests are another method for diagnosis, as these are much less time consuming. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the most widely used biochemical test. Other options include Xpert MTB/RIF and IFN-γ, but these tests are costly and therefore less available.

When collecting pericardial fluid is not possible, the Tygerberg scoring system helps the clinician to decide whether pericarditis is due to tuberculosis or another cause. In tuberculosis-endemic regions, ≥6 points is highly predictive of tuberculous pericarditis:

* Fever = 2 points
* Night sweats = 1 point
* Loss of body mass = 1 points
* Globulin level \> 40 g/L = 3 points
* Peripheral leukocyte count \< 10 × 10^9/L = 3 points

Radiography is another method used to aid in the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis. This imaging can help identify effusions, calcifications, and thickening around the heart. Echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for diagnosis of pericarditis. Chest X-Ray, CT scans, and MRI are also widely used options.

## Management

There are three main goals in the management of tuberculous pericarditis. These goals are to kill the active infection, reduce heart strain and associated symptoms, and prevent future cardiac complications. Elimination of the infection is through the same therapy used in pulmonary tuberculosis. This therapy consists of a 2-month regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol followed by 4-months of rifampin and isoniazid. However, recent research has yet to evaluate the definitive length of anti-tuberculosis treatment required for tuberculous pericarditis. Reducing heart strain and improving symptoms is achieved primarily through pericardiocentesis. This procedure helps to reduce fluid accumulation around the heart. Constrictive pericarditis is the main long-term complication of tuberculous pericarditis that requires management. Corticosteroids have long been thought to help reduce the risk of future cardiac complications. Colchicine is a drug thought to reduce the recurrence of constrictive pericarditis, although evidence is limited. The use of fibrinolytics and ACE inhibitors are also options to help reduce pericardial fibrosis. Pericardiectomy may be indicated in severe cases, as open surgical drainage of fluid around the heart may reduce risk of future fluid accumulation.

## InfoBox

| Tuberculous pericarditis | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Infectious diseases |


title: Tuberdinychus

abstract: Tuberdinychus is a genus of tortoise mites in the family Uropodidae.

text:
# Tuberdinychus

***Tuberdinychus*** is a genus of tortoise mites in the family Uropodidae.

## InfoBox

| *Tuberdinychus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Uropodidae |
| Genus: | *Tuberdinychus*<br>Schweizer, 1961 |
|