abstract: Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults is the fifth installment in the Green Crystal Ties series of psychedelic and garage rock compilations issued by Collectables Records. It was released on April 7, 1998 and like volume 1 features songs by obscure bands who recorded in the 1960s. The series is known for good quality mastering and sound quality. Like all of the entries in the series, the highly colorful packaging is designed by Nicole Ruhl Fichera. The inner sleeve includes well-researched liner notes written by Steve Kaplan and Matt Wendelken which provide helpful biographical information about the bands and their songs. The set begins with two songs by SJ & the Crossroads, "Funny Woman, followed by "London Girl" whose lyrics drool over a mini-skirted mod hipstress on a motorbike. From there, the North Invasion Force chime-in with the twelve a string guitar on "Blue Light in the Window" and "I Won't Be Back," followed by the Outer Limits' "Walkin' Away" and "The Waves." The set features two songs by the Nickel Bag: first an organ-fueled psychedelic mover, "The Woods," followed by the somber anti-Vietnam protest song, "It's a Hassle." The Morning Dew from Topeka Kansas are represented also by two cuts on the album, first a hook-laden "Touch of Magic" followed by the screaming Twister party frenzy of "No More." The Blue Things close out the set with "Waiting for Changes" and "Hollow."

text:
# Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults

***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults*** is the fifth installment in the *Green Crystal Ties* series of psychedelic and garage rock compilations issued by Collectables Records. It was released on April 7, 1998 and like volume 1 features songs by obscure bands who recorded in the 1960s. The series is known for good quality mastering and sound quality. Like all of the entries in the series, the highly colorful packaging is designed by Nicole Ruhl Fichera. The inner sleeve includes well-researched liner notes written by Steve Kaplan and Matt Wendelken which provide helpful biographical information about the bands and their songs.

The set begins with two songs by SJ & the Crossroads, "Funny Woman, followed by "London Girl" whose lyrics drool over a mini-skirted mod hipstress on a motorbike. From there, the North Invasion Force chime-in with the twelve a string guitar on "Blue Light in the Window" and "I Won't Be Back," followed by the Outer Limits' "Walkin' Away" and "The Waves." The set features two songs by the Nickel Bag: first an organ-fueled psychedelic mover, "The Woods," followed by the somber anti-Vietnam protest song, "It's a Hassle." The Morning Dew from Topeka Kansas are represented also by two cuts on the album, first a hook-laden "Touch of Magic" followed by the screaming Twister party frenzy of "No More." The Blue Things close out the set with "Waiting for Changes" and "Hollow."

## Track listing

1. SJ & the Crossroads: "Funny Woman" 2:10
2. SJ & the Crossroads: "London Girl" 1:53
3. The North Atlantic Invasion Force: "Blue Light in the Window" 2:05
4. The North Atlantic Invasion Force: "I Won't Be Back" 2:52
5. The Outer Limits: "Walkin' Away" 2:10
6. The Outer Limits: "The Waves" 2:51
7. The Nickel Bag: "The Woods" 2:49
8. The Nickel Bag: "It's a Hassle" 2:06
9. The Tempos: "Two Timer" 2:12
10. The Tempos: "You're Not Here" 3:18
11. Marcus: "1983" 3:02
12. Marcus: "The Life Game" 2:18
13. The Movin' Morfomen: "Try It" *(Allan Clarke/Tony Hicks/Graham Nash)* 4:05
14. The Movin' Morfomen: "What's Happened to Me" 2:13
15. The Morning Dew: "Touch of Magic" 2:21
16. The Morning Dew: "No More" 2:44
17. The Blue Things: "Waiting for Changes" 2:47
18. The Blue Things: Hollow 2:03

## InfoBox

| Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album | |
| Released | April 7, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1960s |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 45:59 |
| Label | Collectables |
| chronology | |
| *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 4: Mind-Expanding 60s Psychedelia*
(1998) ***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 5: Gems from the Garage Band Vaults***
(1998) *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 6: Rarities from the Psychedelic Vaults*
(1998) | |


abstract: Green Crystal Ties, Volume 8: Stomping Garage Band Legends is a compilation album featuring garage rock musical artists that recorded in the 1960s. It is the eighth installment of the Green Crystal Ties series and was released on Collectables Records April 7, 1998. The album, for what it lacks in complex lyricism, centers around frantic performances alluding to teenage alienation and angst toward society.

text:
# Green Crystal Ties, Volume 8: Stomping Garage Band Legends

***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 8: Stomping Garage Band Legends*** is a compilation album featuring garage rock musical artists that recorded in the 1960s. It is the eighth installment of the *Green Crystal Ties* series and was released on Collectables Records April 7, 1998. The album, for what it lacks in complex lyricism, centers around frantic performances alluding to teenage alienation and angst toward society.

## Overview

The album opens with the Unrelated Segments' two most-recognized tracks, "Story of My Life", a song detailing a man's difficulties with women that also appears on the 1998 reissue of *Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968*, and "Where You Gonna Go?". Represented next are the Shandells Inc., whose fuzz-toned, and jangling organ instrumentals, highlighted on "Say What I Mean" and "Just Try", are oddities on their otherwise country and gospel-dominated record label, Woodrich Records. Other more obscure musical acts such as the folky Mixed Emotions and the surf rock-influenced Innsmen, with their charismatic styles, have music historian Bruce Eder ponder "if they sounded this good on-stage and, if so, why they didn't get further than this". Additional musical high points on *Volume 8* include the Outcasts, legendary in garage rock circled for the song "I'm in Pittsburgh (And It's Raining)", the delicate harmonies of "Bad Day Blues" by the Headstones, and raw cover versions of "Dirty Water" and "I'm Crying" by the Apollos.

## Track listing

1. The Unrelated Segments: "Story of My Life"
2. The Unrelated Segments: "Where You Gonna Go?"
3. The Shandells Inc.: "Say What I Mean"
4. The Shandells Inc.: "Just Cry"
5. The Mixed Emotions: "Marie"
6. The Mixed Emotions: "I Lied"
7. The Innsmen: "Things Are Different Now"
8. The Innsmen: "I Don't Know"
9. Carrolls Mood: "What You're Doing to Me"
10. Carrolls Mood: "Out She Goes"
11. The Outcasts: "I'm in Pittsburgh (And It's Raining)"
12. The Outcasts: "Route 66"
13. The Headstones: "24 Hours (Everyday)"
14. The Headstones: "Bad Day Blues "
15. The Apollos: "Dirty Water"
16. The Apollos: "I'm Crying"
17. The Fronts: "Catch a Thief"
18. The Fronts: "The Haul"

## InfoBox

| Green Crystal Ties, Volume 8: Stomping Garage Band Legends | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album | |
| Released | April 7, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1960s |
| Genre | Garage rock |
| Length | 51:47 |
| Label | Collectables |
| chronology | |
| *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 7: Mind-Expanding Punk of the 60s*
(1998) ***Green Crystal Ties, Volume 8: Stomping Garage Band Legends***
(1998) *Green Crystal Ties, Volume 9: The Great Lost Psychedelic Garage Bands*
(1998) | |


title: Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics

text:
# Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics

Venezuela competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland. The Venezuelan Olympic Committee selected 38 competitors, 36 men and two women, to take part in 37 events across eight sports. This was a much greater turnout than 1948, Venezuela's only previous entry, which had only one athlete. For the first time, women represented Venezuela at the Summer Olympics. Women have been absent in the Venezuelan team on four occasions, including the next Summer Games held in Melbourne.

Venezuela won one medal at the Games, a bronze in triple jump; the medalist, Asnoldo Devonish, was almost not included in the team, and competed at the Games while injured.

## Background

### Organization

After their debut at the previous 1948 Summer Olympics, Venezuela began forming a national team for the 1952 Games. Venezuela was the 61st country to register with the International Olympic Committee for entry at the 1952 Olympic Games, and received one handbook for all events except Cycling and Arts, for which it received two. The main body of the Venezuelan delegation, which comprised a total of 61 men and four women (athletes and officials), arrived in Helsinki for the Games on 7 July; in Finland, Venezuela's Olympic attaché was Olavi Mattila. Additionally, five press passes were issued for the country.

### Devonish's selection

In 1951, Asnoldo Devonish won the gold medal in triple jump in the Bolivarian Games with a distance of 15 m, his best result in the event. Thanks to this win, he was entitled and encouraged to join the Olympic team, however, Venezuelan athletic organizations, including the Venezuelan Olympic Committee (VOC), were opposed to Devonish joining. At the time, he was injured and was a better long jumper than triple jumper. Prior to the Games, his coach, Ladislao Lazar, said that he would not allow any of his athletes to compete at Helsinki if Devonish was not on the team. Devonish competed at the Games while still injured.

## Medalists

The 20-year-old Devonish was the 1952 Games' only medal winner for Venezuela, and the country's first Olympic medalist; he subsequently became the first person inducted into Venezuela's Sporting Hall of Fame. He recalled that he had made a bet for two dollars before the medal ceremony that he would not cry during the Venezuelan national anthem but that he lost, becoming emotional as Venezuelans watching sang along and the flag was raised.

Devonish remained the only Venezuelan Olympic medalist in track and field events until Yulimar Rojas in Rio 2016; Rojas won a silver medal, also in the triple jump.

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bronze | Asnoldo Devonish | Athletics | Men's Triple Jump | 23 July |

## Opening ceremony

Venezuela, per Finnish alphabetical order of countries, marched 65th in the Opening ceremony. There were 58 people representing Venezuela in the ceremony. The flag bearer for Venezuela at the 1952 Olympics was Asnoldo Devonish.

Venezuela in the Opening ceremony

## Competitors

In 1952, women were part of the Venezuelan Olympic delegation for the first time, with the country including two female athletes, both fencers: Gerda Muller and Ursula Selle. On only four occasions has the country not included female athletes, in 1948 and 1956 (the Games immediately before and after this instance), and later in 1968 and 1980. Until the 2000s, female participation was low.

Competing for Venezuela were 38 athletes in 37 events across eight sports. The male Venezuelan competitors were housed in building seven of the Käpylä Olympic Village, along with a few athletes from hosts Finland (most Finnish athletes were housed in an elite athletic facility on the island of Santahamina), and eight other countries' athletes, including those of Spain, Uruguay, and Mexico. Venezuela's female competitors, along with all female competitors from non-Communist countries, were housed in a local nursing college that had been transformed for the Olympics, called the Women's Village. During the Games, ten Venezuelan competitors were treated by the medical team.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| Boxing | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Cycling | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Fencing | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| Diving | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Shooting | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| Swimming | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wrestling | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Total | 36 | 2 | 38 |

## Aquatics

### Swimming

Swimming events took place between 25 July and 2 August at the Helsinki Swimming Stadium, with many of the athletes under the age of 20. Venezuela was represented by one athlete in one event.

Men's 100 m freestyle

The 19-year-old Oscar Saiz competed in the men's 100 m freestyle on 26 July. He was in heat five of the qualifiers, placing sixth out of seven in his heat and not qualifying; he ranked 41st overall out of 61 competitors in the heats. 1952 was Saiz's only Olympic Games.

Saiz was a student in London and coached by the Australian Sep Prosser, by air mail.

| Athlete | Event | Round One | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Oscar Saiz | 100 metres freestyle | 1:01.7 | 6 | did not advance | | | |

### Diving

The diving events were held between 27 July and 2 August at the Helsinki Swimming Stadium; the pool was heated but the air was cold, with the official Olympic report suggesting divers would have "felt the wind and chill more than anyone else". One athlete represented Venezuela at one event. Athletes competing in diving events had a special registration form, where they filled out the dives they requested to perform. In diving, seven judges visually assess the performance and hold up score cards, with the highest and lowest scores awarded being discounted and the rest added together before being divided by five (the number of scores) to give the mean. The mean is then multiplied by the difficulty ranking of the dive for the complete score for that dive.

Men's 3 m springboard

The 26-year-old Eduardo Fereda competed for Venezuela on the 3 m springboard on 28 July. In the qualifying rounds he completed six successful dives, with dive scores ranging from 4.80 to 9.20 (each placing him between 36th and 28th overall); his total score was 41.98, ultimately ranking him 36th out of 36 and so not qualifying for the final. Fereda would later compete in trampolining, but 1952 was his only Olympic Games.

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Eduardo Fereda | 3 m springboard | 41.98 | 36 | did not advance | |

## Athletics

Athletics events were held between 20 and 27 July at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. Seven athletes, all men, represented Venezuela in eleven events.

### Track

In sprint events (100, 200 and 400 metres), athletes were drawn in 12 heats. The best three of every heat qualified to the quarterfinals, with the best two of each of these advancing. In middle distance events (800 and 1500 metres), athletes were drawn in heats and the best three or four of every heat would qualify to the semifinals, where the best three or six of each then advanced. In the 110 metres hurdles, athletes were drawn in six heats: the best two qualified to the semifinals, and the best three of each semi then advanced to the final.

Juan Leiva, Guillermo Gutiérrez, Filemón Camacho, and Teófilo Davis all competed in two events (Davis with one each in track and field). Paulino Ferrer contested one event. This was the only Olympic appearance of all five athletes.

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Juan Leiva | 100 metres | 11.31 | 5 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |
| | 200 metres | 22.38 | 3 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |
| Guillermo Gutiérrez | 100 metres | 11.42 | 5 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |
| | 400 metres | 48.82 | 2 **Q** | 48.75 | 4 | did not advance | | | |
| Filemón Camacho | 800 metres | 2:00 | 5 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |
| | 1500 metres | 4:18 | 7 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |
| Teófilo Davis | 110 metres hurdles | 15.96 | 5 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |
| Paulino Ferrer | 400 metres hurdles | 1:02 | 5 | did not advance | | did not advance | | | |

Men's 100 m sprint

Two Venezuelans competed in the 100 m sprint event; 19-year-old Juan Leiva and 25-year-old Guillermo Gutiérrez. Leiva competed in heat 6, placing 5th with a time of 11.2 (also recorded as 11.31), not qualifying. Gutiérrez competed in heat 4, also placing 5th with a time of 11.2 (also recorded as 11.42), also not qualifying.

Men's 200 m sprint

Juan Leiva was Venezuela's only competitor in the 200 m sprint. He placed 3rd in heat 5, with a time of 22.3 (also recorded as 22.38), not qualifying.

Men's 400 m sprint

Guillermo Gutiérrez was Venezuela's only competitor in the 400 m sprint, where he was more successful. He placed 2nd in heat 6, qualifying with a time of 48.7 (also recorded as 48.82); in the quarterfinals he came 4th in the first group, with a time of 48.6 (also recorded as 48.75), not advancing.

Men's 800 m race

The 25-year-old Filemón Camacho was the only Venezuelan runner in the 800 m race. He placed 5th in heat 7, with a time of 2:00.00, not qualifying.

Men's 1500 m race

Camacho also contested the 1500 m race, again the only Venezuelan. He placed 7th in heat 1, with a time of 4:18.00, not qualifying.

Men's 110 m hurdles

The 22-year-old Teófilo Davis was Venezuela's only athlete in the 110 m hurdles race. He placed 5th in heat 3 with a time of 15.7 (also recorded as 15.96), not qualifying.

Men's 400 m hurdles

The 25-year-old Paulino Ferrer was Venezuela's only athlete in the 400 m hurdles race. He came 5th in heat 4 with a time of 62.1 (or 1:02.1), not qualifying. He was placed 36th out of 40 athletes in the event.

### Field

In jumping events (long, high and triple jump) athletes begin in a pooled qualifying round, where every athlete who achieved the qualifying criteria (7.20 m for long jump, 1.87 m for high jump and 14.55 m for triple jump), or the twelve best performances including ties in the long jump only, advance to the finals. In the final round, athletes have three attempts to clear several ascending mark barriers. In the javelin throw event athletes must achieve 64.00 m in order to qualify for the finals.

Three athletes represented Venezuela in field events; Brígido Iriarte competed in two field events, with Teófilo Davis and Asnoldo Devonish each competing in one. The 1952 Games is the only one these men competed at.

| Athlete | Event | Qualifying | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Brígido Iriarte | Long jump | 6.82 | 20 | Did not advance | |
| | Javelin throw | 52.13 | 26 | Did not advance | |
| Teófilo Davis | High jump | 1.87 | 27 **Q** | 1.80 | 24 |
| Asnoldo Devonish | Triple jump | 15.24 | 2 **Q** | 15.52 |  |

Men's Long jump

The 31-year-old Brígido Iriarte was in Group A for the long jump qualifiers. He fouled his first two jumps and landed 6.82 m on his third, placing 9th in the group and 20th overall, not meeting the qualifying height of 7.20 m.

Men's Javelin

In the javelin, Iriarte placed 13th out of 13 in Group A and 26th of all athletes in qualifying, with a throw of 52.13 m, which he achieved on his first attempt (his other two attempts were at shorter distances each time). He did not qualify.

Men's High jump

Davis is listed in the high jump record as T. S. D. Bell. For the event, the qualifying height was 187 cm, with all athletes who successful jumped this advancing to the final. Davis cleared this on his last attempt, placing 13th in Group A and 27th in qualifying out of 28. In the final, he successfully jumped 170 cm and 180 cm on his first attempts, but then missed 190 cm all three times, placing joint-24th.

Men's Triple jump Devonish mid-flight of a jump (left) and landing his bronze medal-winning jump (right)

The triple jump competition was held on 23 July 1952. In the qualifying rounds, Asnoldo Devonish was in Group A, achieving the second-longest jump of all competing athletes during this stage, comfortably qualifying for the final. His first jump in the qualifiers placed him 7th, his second jump took him to 2nd, and he passed the third. In the final, Devonish's second jump measured 15.52 m, his furthest. At this point, he was in second place, passing the third jump, but falling into third place. His other attempts were all fouls.

Devonish's coach, Ladislao Lazar, was celebrated in the Venezuelan press for insisting he compete while injured.

### Combined

Men's Decathlon

Brígido Iriarte also contested the track and field decathlon. He placed 12th of the 21 athletes who completed the decathlon (out of 28 competing).

| Athlete | Event | Total
Points | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brígido Iriarte | Decathlon | 5,770 | 12 |

| Athlete | 100 metres | | Long Jump | | Shot Put | | High Jump | | 400 metres | | 110m H | | Discus Throw | | Pole Vault | | Javelin Throw | | 1500 metres | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Time | Points | Dis | Points | Dis | Points | Dis | Points | Time | Points | Time | Points | Dis | Points | Dis | Points | Dis | Points | Time | Points |
| Brígido Iriarte | 11.06 | 707 | 7.06 | 804 | 11.66 | 552 | 1.60 | 555 | 53.1 | 636 | 16.6 | 489 | 38.23 | 578 | 3.40 | 476 | 55.55 | 637 | 4:49.8 | 336 |

In the overall points table, Iriarte was in joint-16th after the first event, the 100 m sprint; after the long jump he moved up to 9th, where he stayed after the shot put. He dropped back down to 16th after the high jump, moving slightly up to 15th after the 400 m sprint. He stayed in 15th after the 110 m hurdles, moving into 14th after the discus and staying there after the pole vault. He then moved up to 13th after the javelin throw and then into 12th after the final event, the 1500 m race.

In the individual events, Iriarte ran in heat 4 of the 100 m sprint, coming 2nd in the heat before placing joint-16th in the deciding race. He placed joint-4th in the long jump but 19th in the shot put and joint-22nd in the high jump. He ran in heat 6 of the 400 m sprint, coming 3rd in the heat and then 17th in the final race. In heat 2 of the 110 m hurdles, Iriarte placed 2nd, coming joint-19th in the race. Throwing discus, he came 10th, in the pole vault he was joint-16th, and throwing javelin he was 5th. He ran in heat 3 for the 1500 m race, placing 3rd, and then came 7th in the 1500 m decider.

## Boxing

Boxing events were contested between 28 July and 2 August at the Messuhalli Hall in Helsinki. The sport saw a large increase in entries, in part due to many weight categories, but also because of countries like Venezuela entering the ring for the first time. In Helsinki, there were ten weigh-ins rather than the previous eight. Other changes include the semi-finals losers both being awarded a diploma instead of fighting for bronze.

| Athlete | Event | Round One | Round Two | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Ángel Amaya | Bantamweight | Macías (MEX)
**L** 0-3 | did not advance | | | | |
| Luis Aranguren | Featherweight | Schirra (SAA)
**L** 1-2 | did not advance | | | | |
| Vicente Matute | Lightweight | BYE | Ali (PAK)
**W** KO | Pakkanen (FIN)
**L** 0-3 | did not advance | | |
| Salomon Carrizales | Light-Welterweight | Pinto (BRA)
**W** 2-1 | Adkins (USA)
**L** 0-3 | did not advance | | | |
| Sergio Gascue | Welterweight | Linca (ROU)
**L** 0-3 | did not advance | | | | |

Men's bantamweight

The 18-year-old Angel Amaya lost his bantamweight bout 3-0 to place joint-17th overall, out of 23.

Men's featherweight

The 21-year-old Luis Aranguren, representing Venezuelan in the featherweight boxing, lost his bout 2–1, placing joint-17th out of 30 competing athletes.

Men's lightweight

In his first bout, 19-year-old Vicente Matute faced no opponent and had a bye to the second round; here he won by knocking out his opponent. In the quarterfinal, Matute lost 3–0, placing joint 5th.

Men's light welterweight

The 19-year-old Salomon Carrizales, contesting the light welterweight, defeated his opponent in the first round 2–1. In the second round, he lost 3–0, to the eventual gold medalist. He placed joint 9th.

Men's welterweight

The 19-year-old Sergio Gascue fought his bout in the welterweight division, being defeated 3–0 in the first round. He came joint 17th.

## Cycling

### Track

Track cycling events were held at the Helsinki Velodrome. Four athletes represented Venezuela in 3 events.

Men's 1000 m time trial

| Athlete | Event | Rank | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andoni Ituarte | 1000 m time trial | 15 | 1:15.4 |

In the 1000 m time trial, each athlete rode separately against the clock. The 32-year-old Andoni Ituarte came joint-15th with a time of 1:15.4.

Men's sprint

The sprint was a scratch race over 1000 m, contested in heats. Heat winners continued to the quarterfinals, and those who lost contested a repechage to proceed.

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Repechage 1 | Quarterfinals | Repechage 2 | Semifinals | Repechage 3 | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Rank |
| Luis Toro | Sprint | Hijzelendoorn (NED)
Robinson (RSA)
Hromjak (USA)
**L** | Potzernheim (GER)
Dadunashvili (URS)
Hromjak (USA)
Törn (FIN)
**L** | did not advance | | | | | |

Venezuela's 26-year-old Luis Toro was drawn in heat 8, coming last. He then contested the first heat of the repechage, coming third.

Men's team pursuit

| Athlete | Event | Qualifying | | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Rank |
| Luis Toro
Danilo Heredia
Andoni Ituarte
Ramón Echegaray | Team Pursuit | 5:16.2 | 20 | did not advance | | | |

In the 4000 m team pursuit, Venezuela came 20th, with a time of 5:16.2; the team was Ituarte, Toro, 24-year-old Danilo Heredia, and 17-year-old Ramón Echegaray. They did not advance out of the qualifying round.

## Fencing

The fencing events took place at the Westend Tennis Hall, which was 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from the Olympic Village. Ten fencers (eight men and two women) represented Venezuela in fencing. Venezuelan fencer Gerda Muller, aged 15, was the youngest participant at the Games.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Round One | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final Pool | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition | Rank | Opposition | Rank | Opposition | Rank | Opposition | Rank |
| Juan Kavanagh | Individual foil | Magnusson (SWE)  Bokun (URS)
Galimi (ARG)  Paul (GBR)
Lund (AUS)  Asselin (CAN) | 6 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Augusto Gutiérrez | Individual foil | Chelaru (ROU)  Lubell (USA)
Ramos (MEX)  Midler (URS)
Bach (SAA)  Rimini (URU) | Tie
on
6 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Giovanni Bertorelli | Individual foil | Klette (NOR)  Rydström (SWE)
Wendon (GBR)  Fethers (AUS)
Eisenecker (GER)  Duffy (IRL)
Rau (SAA) | 8 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Giovanni Bertorelli
Nelson Nieves
Juan Kavanagh
Gustavo Gutiérrez
Augusto Gutiérrez | Team foil | Great Britain (GBR)
Italy (ITA) | 3 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Gustavo Gutiérrez | Individual épée | Krajewski (POL)  Haro (MEX)
Kerttula (FIN)  Sákovics (HUN)
Eriksen (NOR)  Henrion (BEL)
López (GUA) | Tie
on
5 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Giovanni Bertorelli | Individual épée | Rerrich (HUN)  Jay (GBR)
Pekelman (BRA)  Rydz (POL)
Deksbakh (URS)  Chelaru (ROU)
Duffy (IRL) | Tie
on
7 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Juan Camous | Individual épée | Berzsenyi (HUN)  Wiik (FIN)
Ramos (MEX)  Bougnol (FRA)
Skrobisch (USA)  Kroggel (GER)
Maki (JPN) | 5 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Gustavo Gutiérrez
Giovanni Bertorelli
Olaf Sandner
Juan Camous | Team épée | Belgium (BEL)
Denmark (DEN)
Portugal (POR) | 4 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Olaf Sandner | Individual sabre | Loisel (AUT)  Suski (POL)
Pomini (ARG)  Santo (ROU)
Ruben (DEN)  Lund (AUS)
Menegalli (SUI) | 7 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Gustavo Gutiérrez | Individual sabre | Heywaert (BEL)  Manayenko (URS)
Pawłowski (POL)  Carnera (DEN)
Rau (SAA)  Fethers (AUS)
Cámara (MEX) | 8 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Edmundo López | Individual sabre | Tudor (ROU)  Van Der Auwera (BEL)
Nordin (SWE)  Amez-Droz (SUI)
Liebscher (GER)  López (GUA)
Knödler (SAA) | Tie
on
6 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Augusto Gutiérrez
Olaf Sandner
Gustavo Gutiérrez
Edmundo López | Team sabre | Austria (AUT)
Italy (ITA) | 3 | did not advance | | | | | |

Men's Individual foil

In the individual foil event, 21-year-old Augusto Gutiérrez was drawn in pool 1, losing all pairings to place joint-6th in that group. The 20-year-old Juan Kavanagh was in pool 2, winning one of his pairings but placing 6th, and 23-year-old Giovanni Bertorelli was in pool 5, losing all his pairings and placing 8th. None of them advanced.

Men's Team foil

In the first round of the team foil, the Venezuelan team was drawn in pool 3, competing against Great Britain and Italy. Against Great Britain, only 19-year-old Gustavo Gutiérrez won any pairings, but they were defeated 14–2. With the team slightly changed for the pairings against Italy (swapping 17-year-old Nieves Croes for A. Gutiérrez), they still lost, this time 9–0, coming bottom of the group.

Men's Individual épée

In the individual épée event, G. Gutiérrez was in pool 1, winning two pairings but losing four, placing joint 5th. Bertorelli was in pool 3, winning one pairing and losing six to come joint 7th. Camous was in pool 7, and won three pairings, losing four to place 5th.

Men's Team épée

For the team épée, Venezuela was drawn in pool 4, and again lost their matches. The other countries in this pool were Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. Against Denmark they lost 9–5, with G. Gutiérrez, Bertorelli, and 28-year-old Olaf Sandner each winning one pairing. Juan Camous won two of his. Against Belgium they lost 11–4, with each man winning one pairing. They did not play Portugal, but came bottom of the group.

Men's Individual sabre

Venezuela's three individual sabre fencers were Sandner, G. Gutiérrez, and the 16-year-old Edmundo López. In pool 1, Sandner won two pairings and lost five, placing 7th. In pool 4, G. Gutiérrez won one and lost five, placing 8th. In pool 6, López won one and lost six, coming joint 6th. None of them advanced.

Men's Team sabre

In the team sabre, Venezuela was drawn in pool 2, competing against Austria and Italy. They lost to Austria 13–3, with López winning two pairings and G. Gutiérrez winning one. Against Italy, they lost 9–1, with Sandner taking the only win for the team. They placed bottom of the group.

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Round One | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final Pool | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition | Rank | Opposition | Rank | Opposition | Rank | Opposition | Rank |
| Ursula Selle | Individual foil | Lachmann (DEN)  Camber-Corno (ITA)
Buller (GBR)  Shitikova (URS)
Kalka (FIN)  Włodarczyk (POL) | 6 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Gerda Muller | Individual foil | Elek (HUN)  Drand (FRA)
Irigoyen (ARG)  Wenisch-Filz (AUT)
Sjöblom (FIN) | Tie
on
5 | did not advance | | | | | |

Women's Individual foil

Both Venezuela's female athletes, Muller and 19-year-old Ursula Selle, were fencers, and both competed in the individual foil.

Selle was drawn in pool 2, winning two pairings and losing four, to place 6th in the group. Muller was in pool 6, losing four pairings and winning none, coming joint-5th. Neither advanced.

## Shooting

Venezuela competed in Olympic Shooting for the first time in 1952, as one of the ten new teams to the event this year.

The shooting events were held between 25 and 29 July at the Malmi Shooting Range. There were seven events, but with some restrictions: each country could only enter two athletes per event, and the small-bore rifle events (if both are being contested by the country) must be contested by the same athlete(s).

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank |
| Herman Barreto | Rapid fire pistol, 25 metres | 558 | 20 |
| Carlos Monteverde | Rapid fire pistol, 25 metres | 483 | 52 |
| Hector de Lima Polanco | Free pistol, 50 metres | 506 | 37 |
| Carlos Marrero | Free pistol, 50 metres | 483 | 48 |
| Rigoberto Rivero | Free rifle, three positions, 300 metres | 1,028 | 22 |
| Humberto Briceño | Free rifle, three positions, 300 metres | 984 | 25 |
| | Small-bore rifle, three positions, 50 metres | 1,104 | 33 |
| | Small-bore rifle, prone, 50 metres | 393 | 35 |
| Rafael Arnal | Small-bore rifle, three positions, 50 metres | 1,083 | 39 |
| | Small-bore rifle, prone, 50 metres | 380 | 57 |

Men's free pistol

Venezuela had two representatives in the Free Pistol event, 41-year-old Hector d'Lima Polanco and 37-year-old Carlos Marrero Cabrera. Each athlete fired 60 rounds, in six sets of ten; they could take practice shots before and between sets, up to 18 practice shots. In his sets, de Lima Polanco shot 87, 80, 84, 83, 87 then 85, placing 37th. Marrero shot 80, 80, 82, 81, 82 and 78, placing 48th of 48. de Lima Polanco took part in the same event in the 1956 Melbourne Games, scoring better.

Men's silhouette (rapid fire pistol, 25 m)

The 25-year-old Herman Barreto Avellaneda and 32-year-old Carlos Monteverde Perez competed in the Silhouette, a rapid-fire shooting event over 25 m. Barreto placed 20th out of 53, hitting all of the targets, while Monteverde placed 52nd, hitting 55 targets. There were two courses of 30 rounds, for 60 total, played over two days. Each course was broken down into three sets of ten, each scored out of 100, to give an overall score out of 600. On the first course, Barreto scored 92, 87 and 91 for 270 in 30. On the second course, he scored 97, 97, and 94 for 288 in 30. His score was 60/558. On the first course, Monteverde scored 94, 89 and 77, for 260 in 29. On the second course, he scored 82, 81 and 60 for 223 in 26. His score was 55/483.

Men's free rifle (three positions, 300 m)

Venezuela also had two athletes contest the Free Rifle full set, 38-year-old Rigoberto Rivero Lucena and 24-year-old Humberto Briceño Martinez. In the event, 120 shots were fired in series of ten, which were in sets of three; 40 shots were fired lying prone, 40 while kneeling, and 40 while standing. Up to ten practice shots per position could be taken, before or between the series of ten. Rivero placed 22nd, scoring 365 prone, 333 kneeling, and 330 standing. Briceño placed 25th, scoring 371 prone, 343 kneeling, and 270 standing.

Men's small-bore rifle (three positions, 50 m)

Briceño also contested both small-bore rifle events, as did the 37-year-old Rafael Arnal Myerston. For the first time in the Olympic Games, the small-bore rifle full set was contested (it had previously only been a prone event). It was executed and scored in the same manner as the Free Rifle full set. Briceño placed 33rd, scoring 393 prone, 376 kneeling, and 335 standing, hitting 31 center shots (used to separate athletes with the same scores). Arnal placed 39th, scoring 380 prone, 364 kneeling, and 339 standing, hitting 28 center shots.

Men's small-bore rifle (prone, 50 m)

In the small-bore rifle prone event 40 shots are fired in rounds of ten. Each round is scored out of 100, to give overall scores out of 400. Briceño placed 35th, scoring 97, 98, 99 and 99 for 393, having hit 16 center shots. Arnal placed 57th out of 58, scoring 95, 94, 93 and 98 for 380, having hit 14 center shots.

## Wrestling

Wrestling events were contested between 20 and 27 July at the Messuhalli Hall, with weigh-ins conducted in the Olympic Village.

| Athlete | Event | Round One | Round Two | Round Three | ... | Final Round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Ignacio Lugo | Featherweight | Bernard (CAN)
**L** VT | Mangave (IND)
**L** DNF-I | Did not advance | | | |
| Pío Chirinos | Middleweight | Reitz (RSA)
**L** VT | Gocke (GER)
**L** VT | did not advance | | | |
| Rodolfo Padrón | Light-Heavyweight | Wittenberg (USA)
**L** VT | Palm (SWE)
**L** VT | Did not advance | | | |

Men's freestyle featherweight

In the freestyle featherweight wrestling, 19-year-old Ignacio Lugo represented Venezuela. In the first round he fought the first match, losing to the Canadian Armand Bernard by falling at 10:55. In the second round he lost by walkover when he defaulted the match due to injury. Before he withdrew, he was tied for 16th.

Men's freestyle middleweight

The 22-year-old Pío Chirinos represented Venezuela in freestyle middleweight wrestling. In the first round he lost by falling at 1:11. In the second round he lost by falling at 1:20, and was eliminated, tying for 12th.

Men's freestyle light heavyweight

The 24-year-old Rodolfo Padron also lost both his matches, representing Venezuela in the freestyle light heavyweight. In the first round he fell at 1:28, and in the second at 2:28, placing joint-10th.

## InfoBox

| Venezuela at the
1952 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | VEN |
| NOC | Venezuelan Olympic Committee |
| Website | cov.com.ve (in Spanish) |
| in Helsinki, Finland
19 July–3 August 1952 | |
| Competitors | 38 in 8 sports |
| Flag bearer | Asnoldo Devonish |
| Medals
Ranked 40th | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 1 Total 1 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Venezuela at the 1968 Summer Olympics

abstract: Venezuela competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico. Francisco Rodríguez won the nation's first ever gold medal. 23 competitors, all men, took part in 17 events in 5 sports.

text:
# Venezuela at the 1968 Summer Olympics

**Venezuela** competed at the **1968 Summer Olympics** in Mexico City, Mexico. Francisco Rodríguez won the nation's first ever gold medal. 23 competitors, all men, took part in 17 events in 5 sports.

## Medalists

### Gold

## Athletics

## Boxing

**Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg)**

## Fencing

Four fencers represented Venezuela in 1968.

Men's foil Men's team foil Men's épée

## Sailing

## Shooting

Five shooters represented Venezuela in 1968.

50 m pistol 50 m rifle, three positions 50 m rifle, prone Trap

## InfoBox

| Venezuela at the<br>1968 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | VEN |
| NOC | Venezuelan Olympic Committee |
| Website | cov.com.ve (in Spanish) |
| in Mexico City | |
| Competitors | 23 in 5 sports |
| Medals | Gold 1 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 1 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


abstract: Registration plates of the Gambia have, since 2019 have been coloured yellow or white with black lettering. To the left is the Gambia flag and the letters "GPF". The plates are in the standard European size, and feature the German FE font. The first set of letters denote the city of issue, such as BJL for Banjul.

text:
# Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia

Registration plates of **the Gambia** have, since 2019 have been coloured yellow or white with black lettering. To the left is the Gambia flag and the letters "GPF". The plates are in the standard European size, and feature the German FE font. The first set of letters denote the city of issue, such as BJL for Banjul.

## 2019-Present

From 2019 onwards, a black-on-white colour scheme was introduced. This new license plate format uses the font FE-Schrift. The flag strip at the bottom of the license plate has been removed in this version, and replaced by a flag on the top left corner of the plate. Underneath the plate, there's a 3-letter code, **GPF**. **GPF** isn't the country's standard traffic code, that would be **WAG**. **GPF** stands for The Gambia Police Force, who are responsible for issuing of the license plates.

Some of the regional codes have also changed since the previous version. The size of motorcycle plates have also changed from *19 cm x 11 cm* to *24 cm x 13 cm*.

| Vehicle Type | Image | Design | Serial format | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Passenger Vehicles |
 | 52 cm x 11 cm
Black on White
Gambian Flag as well as the text **GPF** on the left side of the license plate | **XXX**-0123-A
**XX**-0123-A | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example. |
| |
 | 27x20 cm
Black on White
Gambian Flag as well as the text **GPF** on the top left corner of the license plate | | |
| Commercial Vehicles |
 | 52 cm x 11 cm
Black on yellow
Gambian Flag as well as the text **GPF** on the top left corner of the license plate | **XXX**-0123-A
**XX**-0123-A | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example. |
| |
 | 27x20 cm
Black on yellow
Gambian Flag as well as the text **GPF** on the top left corner of the license plate | | |
| Motorcycle |
 | 24 cm x 13 cm
Black on White
Gambian Flag as well as the text **GPF** on the top left corner of the license plate | MC-**XXX**-0123-A
MC-**XX**-0123-A | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example. |

## 1999-2019

From 1999 a white-on-black colour scheme was introduced, which is similar to an older scheme dating from before independence. The MC in motorcycle plates was moved to the front. This license plate format comes with a strip at the bottom of the plate with the colors of the Gambian flag, and a text in the center that says **The Gambia**. Standard plates were issued in the font Mandatory.

| Vehicle Type | Image | Design | Serial format | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Passenger Vehicles |
 | 52 cm x 11 cm
White on black
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | **XXX**-0123-A
**XX**-0123-A | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example. |
| |
 | 27x20 cm
White on black
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | | |
| Commercial Vehicles |
 | 52 cm x 11 cm
Black on yellow
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | **XXX**-0123-A
**XX**-0123-A | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example. |
| |
 | 27x20 cm
Black on yellow
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | | |
| Motorcycle |
 | 19 cm x 11 cm
White on Black
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | MC-**XXX**-0123
MC-**XX**-0123 | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example.
**MC** indicates *Motorcycle* |
| Rickshaw |
 | **Front Plate:**
52 cm x 11 cm
Black on yellow
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | **XXX**-0123-MC
**XX**-0123-MC | **XXX** or **XX** indicate the three or two letter regional code.
*BJL* indicates Banjul for example.
**MC** indicates *Motorcycle* |
| |
 | **Rear Plate:**
27x20 cm
Black on yellow
Bottom strip in Gambian Flag Text in the center bottom, saying **The Gambia** | | |

## Regional Codes

| Subdivision name | Code
1994-2019 | Code
2019-Present |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Banjul | BJL | BJL |
| West Coast Region | WD | WCR |
| North Bank Region | NBD | NBR |
| Lower River Region | LRD | LRR |
| Central River Region | CRD | CRR |
| Upper River Region | URD | URR |
| Kanifing Municipality | KM | KM |

## Previous formats

### 1962-1982

The number plates in this series started with **GA**. They had 4 digits. Private vehicle plates were White on Black background. Commercial plates were red on white background. However, commercial plates had their color change in 1978, and were then issued in black on yellow.

### 1982-1991

The number plates in this series started with **G1A**. They had 4 digits. Private vehicle plates were White on Black background. Commercial plates were black on yellow background.

### 1991-1994

The number plates in this series started with **G2A**. They had 4 digits. Private vehicle plates were Black on White background. Commercial plates were black on yellow background.

### 1994-1999

The number plates in this series started with **G3A**. They had 4 digits. Private vehicle plates were Black on White background. Commercial plates were black on yellow background.

## Diplomatic plates

Diplomatic plates are white-on-green. Three letters which denote the country or organization are followed by two numbers and 'CD'.

| XXX 99 CD | XXX 99 CD |
| --- | --- |


title: Greg Cosell

abstract: Greg Cosell is an NFL analyst and a senior producer at NFL Films. He is the nephew of late broadcaster Howard Cosell. Cosell is highly regarded by NFL insiders for his football knowledge. Born in Queens, New York, Cosell attended Amherst College where he played basketball. After applying for a job at NFL Films, he was interviewed by founder Ed Sabol at the company's New Jersey headquarters, and subsequently hired as a producer. In 1984, Cosell with NFL Films President Steve Sabol created a show titled Monday Night Matchup which was initially hosted by Chris Berman. The show has grown to one of the most respected sports television programs in the industry and Cosell currently co-hosts the show with Sal Paolantonio and Darius Butler. Cosell co-authored the book The Games That Changed the Game: The Evolution of the NFL in Seven Sundays. Cosell joins SiriusXM Fantasy Football Morning with John Hansen and Adam Caplan every Friday to break down the film for Fantasy Football fans. He comes into every segment with his theme song, Lawyers, Guns and Money by Warren Zevon. He is also a semi-regular contributor to MSG Western New York's midday show One Bills Live, as well as The Herd with Colin Cowherd on Fox Sports Radio and Fox Sports 1.

text:
# Greg Cosell

**Greg Cosell** is an NFL analyst and a senior producer at NFL Films. He is the nephew of late broadcaster Howard Cosell. Cosell is highly regarded by NFL insiders for his football knowledge.

Born in Queens, New York, Cosell attended Amherst College where he played basketball. After applying for a job at NFL Films, he was interviewed by founder Ed Sabol at the company's New Jersey headquarters, and subsequently hired as a producer.

In 1984, Cosell with NFL Films President Steve Sabol created a show titled *Monday Night Matchup* (now known as *NFL Matchup*) which was initially hosted by Chris Berman. The show has grown to one of the most respected sports television programs in the industry and Cosell currently co-hosts the show with Sal Paolantonio and Darius Butler.

Cosell co-authored the book *The Games That Changed the Game: The Evolution of the NFL in Seven Sundays*.

Cosell joins SiriusXM Fantasy Football Morning with John Hansen and Adam Caplan every Friday to break down the film for Fantasy Football fans. He comes into every segment with his theme song, Lawyers, Guns and Money by Warren Zevon. He is also a semi-regular contributor to MSG Western New York's midday show *One Bills Live*, as well as *The Herd with Colin Cowherd* on Fox Sports Radio and Fox Sports 1.

## InfoBox

| Greg Cosell | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1956<br>Queens, New York, US |
| Occupation(s) | Sports filmmaker, film producer, football analyst, author |
| Years active | 1979–present |


title: Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve

abstract:
Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Goldfields region of Western Australia north of Southern Cross in the area known as the Northern Yilgarn, in the Coolgardie bioregion. It originally covered an area of 170,000 hectares, but, as of 2022, its size stands at 36,607 hectares. The Mount Manning Range is located inside the reserve. On 14 May 2007 EPA Bulletin 1256 proposed an A Class Nature Reserve to be established. It was announced in September 2010. The reserve is one of a number of reserves being incorporated into the Northern Yilgarn Conservation Reserves Management Plan.
The other reserves are Mount Elvire Conservation Park, Die Hardy Range Nature Reserve, Diemals/Mount Jackson/Windaring, and Juardi Conservation Park. Additionally, a Mount Manning Range Conservation Park also exists, which was established in 2005 with a size of 146,935 hectares.

text:
# Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve

**Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve** is a nature reserve in the Goldfields region of Western Australia north of Southern Cross in the area known as the Northern Yilgarn, in the Coolgardie bioregion. It originally covered an area of 170,000 hectares (420,000 acres), but, as of 2022, its size stands at 36,607 hectares (90,460 acres).

The Mount Manning Range is located inside the reserve.

On 14 May 2007 EPA Bulletin 1256 proposed an A Class Nature Reserve to be established.

It was announced in September 2010.

The reserve is one of a number of reserves being incorporated into the Northern Yilgarn Conservation Reserves Management Plan. The other reserves are Mount Elvire Conservation Park, Die Hardy Range Nature Reserve, Diemals/Mount Jackson/Windaring, and Juardi Conservation Park.

Additionally, a Mount Manning Range Conservation Park also exists, which was established in 2005 with a size of 146,935 hectares (363,080 acres).

## InfoBox

| Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve) | |
| Mount Manning Range Nature Reserve | |
|  | |
| Nearest town or city | Southern Cross |
| Coordinates | 30°04′S 119°44′E / 30.067°S 119.733°E / -30.067; 119.733 |
| Established | 2010 |
| Area | 36,607 hectares (90,460 acres) |
| Managing authorities | Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions |
| See also | List of protected areas of
Western Australia |


title: Moumita Dutta

abstract: Moumita Dutta is an Indian Physicist working at the Space Applications Centre (SAC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) - Ahmedabad, as a scientist/engineer. She has expertise in the development and testing of the Optical and IR sensors/instruments/payloads. She was part of the team Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) to put a probe into orbit around Mars in 2014. She contributed significantly in the development of one of the five payloads of MOM.

text:
# Moumita Dutta

**Moumita Dutta** is an Indian Physicist working at the Space Applications Centre (SAC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) - Ahmedabad, as a scientist/engineer. She has expertise in the development and testing of the Optical and IR sensors/instruments/payloads (i.e. cameras and imaging spectrometers). She was part of the team Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) to put a probe into orbit around Mars in 2014. She contributed significantly in the development of one of the five payloads of MOM.

## Life, education and career

Dutta was raised in Kolkata. She read about the Chandrayaan mission as a student and became interested in joining the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2004. Dutta's interest in physics, started in the ninth grade, led to her career as an engineer. Dutta currently works as a Project Manager for the Mars Mission. Dutta obtained her M Tech degree in Applied Physics from the Rajabazar Science College, University of Calcutta. She joined the Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad in 2006. Since then she has been involved in many prestigious projects like Oceansat, Resourcesat, HySAT, Chandrayan I and Mars Orbiter Mission. She was chosen to work as Project Manager for the Methane Sensor for Mars and was given the responsibility for the development of the complete optical system, optimisation and characterisation and calibration of the sensor. Presently she is also leading a team in the indigenous development of optical instruments (i.e. imaging spectrometers) and working towards the realisation of the ‘Make in India’ concept. Her research area includes miniaturisation of gas sensors which involves state-of-the-art technologies in the field of optics.

## Awards

She is a recipient of the ISRO Team of Excellence Award for the Mangalyaan.

## Interests

Besides being a space scientist, she is interested in literature, creative writing, recitation and music.

## InfoBox

| Moumita Dutta | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | Rajabazar Science College<br>(University of Calcutta) |
| Occupation(s) | Indian Physicist, ISRO |
| Notable work | Mars Orbital Mission, 2014 |


title: Great Barrier Grief

abstract: Deep Heat is the second studio album by Australian indie rock band Oh Mercy. The album was released in March 2011 and peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Charts. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2011, the album was nominated for Breakthrough Artist – Album and Best Cover Art.

text:
# Great Barrier Grief

***Deep Heat*** is the second studio album by Australian indie rock band Oh Mercy. The album was released in March 2011 and peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Charts.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2011, the album was nominated for Breakthrough Artist – Album and Best Cover Art.

## Track listing

1. "Stay, Please Stay" - 3:04
2. "Keith St" - 4:00
3. "On the Run" - 3:25
4. "Mercy Valley" - 3:42
5. "Let Me Go" - 3:00
6. "Hold Out Your Hand" - 3:21
7. "Tenderness" - 4:04
8. "Confessions" - 2:47
9. "Blue Lagoon" - 3:59
10. "What You Do" - 3:30
11. "Doldrums" - 2:55

## Chart

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 13 |

## InfoBox

| Great Barrier Grief | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Oh Mercy | |
| Released | March 2011 |
| Studio | Keith St Studio |
| Label | Casadeldisco Records |
| Producer | Mitchell Froom |
| Oh Mercy chronology | |
| *Privileged Woes*
(2009) ***Great Barrier Grief***
(2011) *Deep Heat*
(2012) | |


title: Moutonneau

abstract: Moutonneau is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

text:
# Moutonneau

**Moutonneau** (French pronunciation: \[mutɔno\]) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 108 |  |
| 1975 | 133 | +3.02% |
| 1982 | 116 | −1.93% |
| 1990 | 121 | +0.53% |
| 1999 | 123 | +0.18% |
| 2009 | 102 | −1.85% |
| 2014 | 103 | +0.20% |
| 2020 | 118 | +2.29% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Moutonneau | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Moutonneau | |
| MoutonneauMoutonneau | |
| Coordinates: 45°54′29″N 0°14′17″E / 45.9081°N 0.2381°E / 45.9081; 0.2381 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Charente |
| Arrondissement | Confolens |
| Canton | Boixe-et-Manslois |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20232026) | Céline Bouysset |
| Area**1** | 4.22 km2 (1.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 111 |
| Density | 26/km2 (68/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 16238 /16460 |
| Elevation | 61–119 m (200–390 ft)
(avg. 46 m or 151 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vanja Radinović

abstract: Vanja Radinović is a Serbian football manager and former player.

text:
# Vanja Radinović

**Vanja Radinović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Вања Радиновић; born 7 September 1972) is a Serbian football manager and former player.

## Playing career

After coming through the youth system at Partizan, Radinović played for OFK Beograd between 1992 and 1996.

## Managerial career

Between 2011 and 2012, Radinović served as assistant manager to Aleksandar Stanojević and Avram Grant at Partizan.

In April 2015, Radinović was hired as manager of Romanian club Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț, replacing the dismissed Zé Maria.

In January 2017, Radinović took charge of Slovenian club Rudar Velenje.

## InfoBox

Vanja Radinović
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1972-09-07) 7 September 1972 | | |
| Place of birth | Split, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Partizan | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1992–1996 | OFK Beograd | 60 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
|  | OFK Beograd (youth) | | |
|  | Partizan (youth) | | |
| 2011–2012 | Partizan (assistant) | | |
| 2014–2015 | Bežanija | | |
| 2015 | Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț | | |
| 2016 | Zakynthos | | |
| 2017 | Rudar Velenje | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Vazhappally Padinjaru

abstract: Vazhappally Padinjaru is a village in Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India.

text:
# Vazhappally Padinjaru

**Vazhappally Padinjaru** is a village in Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Vazhappally Padinjaru had a population of 10849 with 5438 males and 5411 females.

## InfoBox

| Vazhappally Padinjaru | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Vazhappally PadinjaruLocation in Kerala, IndiaVazhappally PadinjaruVazhappally Padinjaru (India) | |
| Coordinates: 9°28′25″N 76°32′55″E / 9.4735000°N 76.5487100°E / 9.4735000; 76.5487100 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kottayam |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati raj (India) |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 10,849 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | KL-33 |


title: Great Britain (play)

abstract: Great Britain is a satirical play written by Richard Bean. It received its world premiere at the Royal National Theatre, London on 30 June 2014, before transferring to the West End's Theatre Royal Haymarket.

text:
# Great Britain (play)

***Great Britain*** is a satirical play written by Richard Bean. It received its world premiere at the Royal National Theatre, London on 30 June 2014, before transferring to the West End's Theatre Royal Haymarket.

## Production history

*Great Britain* is written by English playwright Richard Bean. In May 2013, it was revealed Bean was working on a new play based on the phone hacking scandal, having been commissioned by National Theatre artistic director Sir Nicholas Hytner, whilst still working on his play *One Man, Two Guvnors*. Speaking about the play he revealed that it would be set in a tabloid newsroom and is a play about the *state-of-the-nation, press, politics and police in bed with each other*. In March 2014, it was revealed that an undisclosed Bean play would premiere as part of the National Theatre 2014-15 season, Hytner's last as the National's artistic director. In May 2014, it was revealed that Billie Piper and Oliver Chris were taking part in workshops for the play and that the cast and crew had signed non-disclosure agreements for the as yet untitled production.

On 25 June 2014, the play was officially announced as *Great Britain* and that it would premiere without a preview period on 30 June, at the National Theatre's Lyttelton Theatre. It is a satire about the press, police and politics, and stars Billie Piper as a newspaper editor, Paige Britain. The play is directed by Nicholas Hytner, with design by Tim Hatley, lighting design by Neil Austin, video design by Leo Warner, music by Grant Olding, sound design by Paul Arditti and Clive Coleman acting as a story consultant. The launch was slightly delayed by concerns over legal issues which might have been caused by running at the same time as *R v Coulson, Brooks and others*.

Following its premiere production the play transferred to the West End's Theatre Royal Haymarket on 9 September 2014, with its official opening night coming on 26 September, booking until 10 January 2015. The transfer was announced only one day after opening at the national. Lucy Punch took over the role of Paige Britain and Ben Mansfield replaced Oliver Chris as Asst. Commissioner Donald Doyle Davidson for the West End Run, due to prior commitments. The play was reworked for its West End debut, with around twenty minutes cut from the running time.

## Principal roles and original cast

| Character | National Theatre performer | West End performer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Paige Britain | Billie Piper | Lucy Punch |
| Wilson Tikkel | Robert Glenister | |
| Asst. Commissioner Donald Doyle Davidson | Oliver Chris | Ben Mansfield |
| Hunter Dixon | Ross Boatman |  |
| Garth Ellerington | William Chubb |  |
| Paschal O'Leary | Dermot Crowley |  |
| Marcus Hussein | Scott Karim |  |
| Maddy Fitzpatrick | Barbara Kirby |  |
| Boris Tudor | Nicholas Lumley |  |
| Diane Bendall | Maggie McCarthy |  |
| Billy Cain | Iain Mitchell |  |
| Commissioner Sully Kassam | Aaron Neil |  |
| Howard Woolf | Nick Sampson |  |
| Wendy Klinkard | Kiruna Stamell |  |
| Mac Macmanaman | Andrew Woodall |  |
| Tina Ursal / Babs | Sarah Annis |  |
| Larry Arthur / Bodger | Robert Calvert |  |
| Virginia White / Jackie Spence / DI Da Costa | Jo Dockery |  |
| Jimmy the Bins / St John / Felix | Ian Hallard |  |
| Wallace Gee / Kieron Mills | James Harkness |  |
| Thierry Picq / Sergeant Ojo | Miles Mitchell |  |
| Gemma Charles / Stella Stone | Kellie Shirley |  |
| Clarissa Kingston-Mills / Stella's Mum | Harriet Thorpe |  |
| Jonathan Whey / Stevie | Rupert Vansittart |  |
| DCI Cram/ Jasper Donald | Joseph Wilkins |  |

## InfoBox

| Great Britain | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatre Royal Haymarket production poster | |
| Written by | Richard Bean |
| Date premiered | 30 June 2014 (2014-06-30) |
| Place premiered | Lyttelton Theatre, National Theatre, London |
| Original language | English |


title: Great Britain Diving Federation

abstract: The Great Britain Diving Federation (GBDF) is the English, Welsh and Scottish amateur sports body for competitive diving, an Olympic sport, in collaboration with British Swimming. The term diving often refers to underwater diving, such as scuba diving. The GBDF represents diving from a springboard and highboard.

text:
# Great Britain Diving Federation

The **Great Britain Diving Federation** (GBDF) is the English, Welsh and Scottish amateur sports body for competitive diving, an Olympic sport, in collaboration with British Swimming. The term *diving* often refers to underwater diving, such as scuba diving. The GBDF represents diving from a springboard and highboard.

## History

It was formed in 1992 to differentiate the sport from other techniques of competitive swimming, governed by the Amateur Swimming Association (ASA). The GBDF did not have anything like the resources that the ASA, now British Swimming, did.

Divers in UK have had difficulty to train in the past twenty years, and as there are fewer diving pools to train at. In 1977 there were 296 springboard and highboard facilities in Britain; by 2011 there were less than 100. Wales has one highboard facility. There are none in Birmingham, Norfolk and Suffolk. In 1977, London had 96 diving polls, and by 2011 it had 14. The University of Nottingham Students' Union (UoNSU) has the only university diving (acrobatics) club in the UK.

### Competitions

From 2017 to 2020, UK Sport is funding £8.8m to UK diving. British Swimming has taken over most of diving training for UK competitors in the Olympics.

## Function

In addition to British Swimming, the GBDF contributes to diving training in the UK. It holds national diving competitions each year; this has been held at the Royal Commonwealth Pool in Edinburgh.


title: Vendeuvre

abstract: Vendeuvre is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

text:
# Vendeuvre

**Vendeuvre** (French pronunciation: \[vɑ̃dœvʁ\] ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 828 |  |
| 1968 | 809 | −2.3% |
| 1975 | 721 | −10.9% |
| 1982 | 706 | −2.1% |
| 1990 | 708 | +0.3% |
| 1999 | 734 | +3.7% |
| 2008 | 742 | +1.1% |

## Sights

## InfoBox

| Vendeuvre | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Gardens of the Chateau of Vendeuvre | |
| Location of Vendeuvre | |
| VendeuvreVendeuvre | |
| Coordinates: 48°59′31″N 0°04′27″W / 48.9919°N 0.0742°W / 48.9919; -0.0742 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Calvados |
| Arrondissement | Caen |
| Canton | Livarot-Pays-d'Auge |
| Intercommunality | Pays de Falaise |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Daniel Haghebaert |
| Area**1** | 26.31 km2 (10.16 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 805 |
| Density | 31/km2 (79/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 14735 /14170 |
| Elevation | 25–86 m (82–282 ft)
(avg. 36 m or 118 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vendettas Motorcycle Club

abstract: The Vendettas Motorcycle Club, or Vendettas Crew, is an International outlaw motorcycle club founded in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in 2009. It was established by the more well-known Rock Machine Motorcycle Club (RMMC) to act as a support club throughout the Canadian province of Manitoba, but would grow to be an international support club of the RMMC with chapters in Canada, Australia, Russia, Sweden and Serbia.

text:
# Vendettas Motorcycle Club

The **Vendettas Motorcycle Club**, or **Vendettas Crew**, is an International outlaw motorcycle club founded in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in 2009. It was established by the more well-known Rock Machine Motorcycle Club (RMMC) to act as a support club throughout the Canadian province of Manitoba, but would grow to be an international support club of the RMMC with chapters in Canada, Australia, Russia, Sweden and Serbia.

## History

In 2008, a series of raids carried out by Winnipeg Police and Manitoba RCMP left the Hells Angels in the province crippled, the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club was seeking to expand west, an RCMP representative claimed the Rock Machine "graciously thanked law enforcement for handing them the province” they quickly gained momentum in Manitoba becoming the dominant club in Winnipeg, in January 2009 the Vendettas Motorcycle Club was established as a support club by The Rock Machine to give them support in the province. In early 2009, clashes between the Rock Machine, supported by the Vendettas Motorcycle Club, and the Hells Angels and their support club, the Redline MC, occurred frequently and reached a height over the summer months of 2011, with several shootings and fire-bombings linked to the groups. The RM support club, the Vendettas Motorcycle Club, emerged victorious over the Redline MC and established four chapters in Manitoba (Winnipeg, Winnipeg East, Brandon, and Thompson).

In 2015, the Vendettas opened chapters in Australia and Russia. Other Rock Machine support clubs like the SS Elite Motorcycle Club, Hell Hounds MC and New Blood MC shared the same colors, so the Rock Machine community gave them the name, the "Black and Platinum Family". As a support club, they are tasked with providing security and manpower, support, enforcement, and logistics to any Rock Machine MC chapter. The Vendettas report to the RMMC chapter in Winnipeg, but is also required to support local chapters across Canada and worldwide. Those that complete this task for the duration of the probationary period will receive requests to become members of the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club.

## Chapter list

### Canada (7)

* Country-Wide
    + Vendettas MC Canada Nomads chapter
* Manitoba
    + Winnipeg chapter(Mother chapter)
    + Winnipeg East chapter
    + Brandon chapter
    + Thompson chapter
* Ontario
    + Hawksbury chapter
    + Hastings Chapter
* Quebec
    + Montreal

### International (10)

* World-wide
    + Vendettas MC International Nomads chapter
* Australia
    + Vendettas MC Sydney chapter
    + Vendettas MC Australia Nomads chapter
* Russia
    + Vendettas MC Moscow chapter
    + Vendettas MC Russia Nomads chapter
* Sweden
    + Vendettas MC Stockholm chapter
    + Vendettas MC Kalmar chapter
    + Vendettas MC Kristianstad chapter
    + Vendettas MC Sweden Nomads chapter
* Serbia
    + Vendettas MC Belgrade chapter
    + Vendettas MC Serbia Nomads chapter

## Criminal allegations and incidents

In 2010, an arson occurred when a flare gun was shot through the window of a home on Mighton Avenue, in Winnipeg Manitoba, the property had ties to the Redlined MC (Hells Angels support club). The police seized a loaded nine millimetre handgun from the burnt out building. The Vendettas are suspected by authorities of being behind the incident. In July 2011, the Vendettas Mother chapter clubhouse on Taft Crescent in Winnipeg was attacked and strafed by bullets, the incident resulted in a 14-year-old being struck by gunfire, but he survived. Winnipeg Police said the teenager was an innocent bystander inside a residence struck by bullets. Media sources say the real targets in the shootings on Taft and in the area of the Vendettas Winnipeg East chapter clubhouse on Canberra Road a week prior were the Vendettas MC, a puppet club of the Rock Machine.

On August 9, 2011, three Police officers were injured when a Dodge Avenger crashed into multiple police vehicles at a routine traffic stop. The officers were transported to hospital; one with serious injuries after the Avenger allegedly hit two marked police cruisers and an unmarked truck, all of which according to the Winnipeg Police sustained serious damage. Authorities took two members of the Rock Machine associated Vendettas Motorcycle Club and a woman into custody and seized a loaded pistol.

Clashes had started between the Rock Machine supported by the Vendettas Motorcycle Club and the Hells Angels and their support Club, the Redlined MC in 2009 but reached a height over the summer months of 2011, with the Vendettas being involved in several shootings and fire-bombings. By the Fall, the Vendettas Motorcycle Club emerged victorious over the Redlined MC. In early November 2011, the Rock Machine or Vendettas bombed a house belonging to a member of the Hells Angels. The explosive used was crude and homemade, little damage was caused. On the same day, a Redlined member was assaulted, the court documents stated he refused medical treatment.

In 2013, raids conducted by RCMP and local police resulted in the seizure of large amounts of narcotics and firearms, explosives and the arrest of 11 full-patch members of The Rock Machine and a prospect from the club's Winnipeg chapter. The Vendettas Motorcycle Club also had several members arrested in these raids targeting RMMC operations. At some point a large number of Vendettas passed their probationary period, and were patched into the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club.

## InfoBox

Vendettas Motorcycle Club
| Emblem of the Vendettas MC | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2009 (2009) |
| Founded by | Rock Machine |
| Founding location | Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada |
| Years active | 2009–Present |
| Territory | Chapters in Canada, Australia, Russia, Sweden and Serbia |
| Membership (est.) | Estimated 200+ worldwide |
| Criminal activities | Drug trafficking, Murder, Assault, Extortion |
| Allies | Rock Machine
Loners MC
SS Elite Motorcycle Club
Hell Hounds MC
New Blood MC
Fearless Bandits MC |
| Rivals | Redlined Motorcycle Club
RCMP |


title: Griffith Powell

abstract: Griffith Powell was a philosopher and Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, from 1613 to 1620.

text:
# Griffith Powell

**Griffith Powell** (1561  15 June or 28 June 1620) was a philosopher and Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, from 1613 to 1620.

## Life

Powell was the third of four sons of John ap Hywel of Llansawel, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Powell matriculated at Jesus College in 1581, obtaining his BA in 1584, MA in 1589, and BCL in 1593. He was elected Fellow of the college in 1589. He effectively ran the college during the principalships of his two predecessors, Francis Bevans and John Williams. Williams deprived him of his Fellowship, but it was restored on the Chancellor's orders.

Powell wrote two volumes on Aristotelian philosophy, *Analysis analyticorum posteriorum* (1594) and *De sophisticis elenchis* (1598). He was awarded his DCL in 1599. During his time as Principal he "requested" various "worthy personages" to contribute to the construction of college buildings, in particular the chapel, hall, buttery and kitchen, and raised £838 12s 2d: £259 from merchants and gentry of London, £160 from citizens of Oxford, £341 from people in Wales and the borders, and £78 from seven members of the clergy in Wales (Richard Parry, Bishop of St Asaph, giving £66 13s 2d of this sum). The hall still retains the panelling, three tables and two benches from the time of this work. His careful approach to college finances also made it possible to increase the numbers of resident fellows and scholars, and the popularity of the college with students from South Wales in particular increased during his time as Principal.

He died in 1620 and was buried in the Church of St Michael at the Northgate near the College. He left his whole estate to the college; lands in Flintshire were bought with the proceeds, and these remained in college ownership until 1966. The college chapel was completed within a year of his death.


title: Big Creek Airport (Belize)

abstract: Big Creek Airport is an airport serving Big Creek, a sea port in the Toledo District of Belize.

text:
# Big Creek Airport (Belize)

**Big Creek Airport** (IATA: **BGK**, ICAO: **MZBG**) is an airport serving Big Creek, a sea port in the Toledo District of Belize.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Maya Island Air | Belize City–International, Dangriga, Punta Gorda |

## InfoBox

| Big Creek Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Big Creek, Belize |
| Elevation AMSL | 22 ft / 7 m |
| Coordinates | 16°31′12″N 88°24′33″W / 16.52000°N 88.40917°W / 16.52000; -88.40917 |
| Map | |
| **BGK**Location in Belize | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  11/29 965 3,166 Asphalt | |
| Source: GCM | |


title: Mezhathol Agnihothri

abstract: Mezhathol Agnihothri is a figure in the folklore of Kerala who is credited for supposedly reviving the ancient Shrauta traditions in Kerala, India, in around the mid-first millennium CE. At that time, Buddhism and Jainism had eroded Hinduism in India. Mezhathol rejuvenated the ancient customs by performing 99 yagas. The Shrauta traditions still remain intact in Kerala today, maintained by the rigidly orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins.

text:
# Mezhathol Agnihothri

**Mezhathol Agnihothri** is a figure in the folklore of Kerala who is credited for supposedly reviving the ancient Shrauta traditions in Kerala, India, in around the mid-first millennium CE. At that time, Buddhism and Jainism had eroded Hinduism in India. Mezhathol rejuvenated the ancient customs by performing 99 *yagas*. The Shrauta traditions still remain intact in Kerala today, maintained by the rigidly orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins.

## Yagas

Mezhathol Agnihothri began gathering interest in the yaga culture and proceeded to perform 99 yagas, one after the other. However only seven of the original 32 Nambudiri Graamams (Villages) agreed to assist Mezhathol, and today only these Graamams (Taliparamba, Alathur, Karikkad, Panniyur, Sukapuram, Peruvanam and Irinjalakkuda) have the right to perform Yaagam. 17 Nambudiri experts are required to perform yagas, and they come from Kalakandathur Griham, Maathur Griham, Kulukkamillaavur Griham, Chemmangad Griham, Pazhoor Griham, Muringoth Griham and Vella Griham.

It is believed that if a person performs 100 yagas, that person has the same status of Indran. After Mezhathol performed 99 yagas, Indran, worried that he may lose his power, requested Mezhathol not to perform the 100th yaga. Mezhathol declined, explaining that he was not performing the yagas for personal gain, but to retain the culture of yagas amongst Brahmins. At this, Indran gave Mezhathol and his seven associates the same status as himself.

### *Aadhyan* Nambudiri

The assistance of 8 Nambudiri families (*Griham*) was recognised by Mezhathol Agnihotri and he classed these 8 families as the *Ashtagrihathil Aadhyanmaar* (Eight Elite Families). Members of these families are known as ''Aadhyan'' Nambudiris ("Aadhyan" literally means "the first one" in Malayalam). Aadhyans adopted the title of "Nambudiripad" to show their superior status. However in the subsequent centuries, several non-Aadhyan families (known as Aasyan Nambudiris) have also adopted the title of "Nambudiripad" in imitation of Aadhyan Nambudiris.

Science set to give a date for famed folklore


title: O. C. Hackett

abstract: Oliver Cromwell Hackett was an Illinois pioneer and participant in the California Gold Rush. His father was John Hackett, and his grandfather was noted Kentucky frontiersman and militiaman of the American Revolution, Peter Hackett. John Hackett moved the family, from Kentucky to Coles County, Illinois, in 1835. Oliver Hackett married Ellen Roxanne (Wyeth) on March 14, 1854. His children included Frederick W. Hackett. He died April 8, 1905, in Tuscola, Illinois. In late 1849 or 1850, Hackett joined the California Gold Rush, traveling to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama and setting up a claim in the Auburn area. Hackett soon left the gold fields to return to the farm in Illinois. In the mid-1850s Hackett bought a farm just outside Tuscola, in Douglas County, Illinois. Hackett was the founding Supervisor of Tuscola township, and was elected in 1868. He was elected as supervisor with a majority of only one vote over W. B. Ervin. Hackett planted Hackett's Grove, a sassafras grove situated on Section 31, Township 16, Range 9, on the east side of the township. This 20-acre (81,000 m⁲) grove is traversed by a branch of Scattering Fork of the Embarrass River, long known as Hackett's Run, and according to the History of Douglas County (1884), the grove had been owned by the Hacketts since long before Douglas County had an existence.

text:
# O. C. Hackett

**Oliver Cromwell Hackett** (born March 29, 1822, in Scott County, Kentucky) was an Illinois pioneer and participant in the California Gold Rush. His father was John Hackett, and his grandfather was noted Kentucky frontiersman and militiaman of the American Revolution, Peter Hackett. John Hackett moved the family, from Kentucky to Coles County, Illinois, in 1835. Oliver Hackett married Ellen Roxanne (Wyeth) on March 14, 1854. His children included Frederick W. Hackett. He died April 8, 1905, in Tuscola, Illinois.

In late 1849 or 1850, Hackett joined the California Gold Rush, traveling to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama and setting up a claim in the Auburn area. Hackett soon left the gold fields to return to the farm in Illinois.

In the mid-1850s Hackett bought a farm just outside Tuscola, in Douglas County, Illinois. Hackett was the founding Supervisor of Tuscola township, and was elected in 1868. He was elected as supervisor with a majority of only one vote over W. B. Ervin. Hackett planted Hackett's Grove, a sassafras grove situated on Section 31, Township 16, Range 9, on the east side of the township. This 20-acre (81,000 m2) grove is traversed by a branch of Scattering Fork of the Embarrass River, long known as Hackett's Run, and according to the History of Douglas County (1884), the grove had been owned by the Hacketts since long before Douglas County had an existence.


title: Marry a Rich Man

abstract: Marry a Rich Man is a 2002 Hong Kong movie directed by Vincent Kok.

text:
# Marry a Rich Man

***Marry a Rich Man*** is a 2002 Hong Kong movie directed by Vincent Kok.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Marry a Rich Man | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 嫁個有錢人 |
|
|  | |
| Directed by | Vincent Kok |
| Produced by | Vincent Kok |
| Starring | Sammi Cheng
Richie Jen |
| Cinematography | Hang-Sang Poon |
| Edited by | Chi-Leung Kwong |
| Music by | Ronald Ng
Dan-yee Wong |
| Distributed by | Golden Harvest |
| Release date | * 7 February 2002 (2002-02-07) |
| Country | Hong Kong |


title: H.E.L.P.

abstract: H.E.L.P. is an American television drama series which aired on ABC for one season as a mid-season replacement for Mission: Impossible, which was a replacement for Mr. Belvedere in March 1990. The series was created by Christopher Crowe and Dick Wolf, and starred John Mahoney as Chief Patrick Meacham of the New York City Fire Department. Wesley Snipes played police officer Lou Barton and David Caruso played police officer Frank Sardoni of the NYPD. The premise of the show was based on an experimental combined emergency services station in New York City that co-located the resources of the Fire Department, Police Department and Emergency Medical Services. The series was canceled after its brief six episode run. The concept of a show involving all three branches of NYC emergency services was successfully reintroduced nine years later with the 1999 debut of Third Watch, which ran for six seasons on NBC.

text:
# H.E.L.P.

***H.E.L.P.*** is an American television drama series which aired on ABC for one season as a mid-season replacement for *Mission: Impossible*, which was a replacement for *Mr. Belvedere* in March 1990. The series was created by Christopher Crowe and Dick Wolf, and starred John Mahoney as Chief Patrick Meacham of the New York City Fire Department. Wesley Snipes played police officer Lou Barton and David Caruso played police officer Frank Sardoni of the NYPD.

The premise of the show was based on an experimental combined emergency services station (the Harlem Eastside Life-saving Program, or HELP) in New York City that co-located the resources of the Fire Department, Police Department and Emergency Medical Services.

The series was canceled after its brief six episode run. The concept of a show involving all three branches of NYC emergency services was successfully reintroduced nine years later with the 1999 debut of *Third Watch*, which ran for six seasons on NBC.

## Cast

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Fire Down Below" | March 3, 1990 (1990-03-03) |
| 2 | "Are You There, Alpha Centauri?" | March 10, 1990 (1990-03-10) |
| 3 | "The Children's Hour" | March 17, 1990 (1990-03-17) |
| 4 | "Steam Heat" | March 24, 1990 (1990-03-24) |
| 5 | "To Everything, There Is a Season" | March 31, 1990 (1990-03-31) |
| 6 | "Undue Force" | April 7, 1990 (1990-04-07) |

## InfoBox

| *H.E.L.P.* | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by |  |
| Written by | * David Black * Dick Wolf |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | Jerry Goldsmith |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Christopher Crowe * Dick Wolf |
| Producer | Michael Rauch |
| Cinematography | Constantine Makris |
| Editors | * Mark Newman * Drake Silliman |
| Running time | 60 min |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | March 3 (1990-03-03) <br>April 7, 1990 (1990-04-07) |


title: Kevin Baez

abstract: Kevin Richard Baez is an American former Major League Baseball player. He was a shortstop for the New York Mets in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Baez attended college at Dominican College and was drafted by the New York Mets in the 7th round in 1988. He made his debut on September 3, 1990. In 63 career games, he was 27 for 126. He had 7 career RBIs. Baez played in his final game on October 3, 1993. Baez has also served as the manager and third base coach of the Long Island Ducks. In 2007 Baez spent most of the season coaching in the Mets organization. Third base/infield coach Baez returned to the Ducks after serving as a coach in 2009. The former Ducks and big league infielder became a full-time coach with Long Island on May 20, 2005, and spent most of the 2007 season coaching in the Mets organization. In his role with the Ducks, he is responsible for working with all players to make sure the level of play is where it is needed both offensively and defensively to support the pitching staff. Baez will also coach third base Baez ran baseball clinics for all ages in Bay Shore, NY at Pro Game Athletics. He helps children of all ages with the fundamentals of baseball from fielding to hitting. Baez was an anchor of the Ducks' 2004 championship team, batting.256 with 36 runs scored and 40 RBI in 98 games played. He was selected to the Atlantic League All-Star team and took home MVP honors after going 2-for-4 with two RBI and scored the go-ahead run in the North's 10–8 victory over the South at Camden's Campbell's Field. In the 2004 playoffs, Baez batted.263 en route to his first professional baseball championship. On November 17, 2010, the Long Island Ducks named Baez their manager for the 2011 season, replacing Dave LaPoint. Baez managed the team through the 2018 season, winning two consecutive championships in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. On November 27, 2018, the Ducks announced that Baez was stepping down in order to manage the Rockland Boulders of the Can-Am League for the 2019 season. A veteran of 63 major league and 1,750 minor league games, Baez registered career-highs in hits (113) and doubles (27) in 2000 with the Norfolk Tides. He has made three different stops in the majors. His most lengthy stay came in 1993 when he appeared in 52 games at shortstop for New York.

text:
# Kevin Baez

**Kevin Richard Baez** (born January 10, 1967) is an American former Major League Baseball player. He was a shortstop for the New York Mets in 1990, 1992 and 1993. Baez attended college at Dominican College and was drafted by the New York Mets in the 7th round in 1988. He made his debut on September 3, 1990. In 63 career games, he was 27 for 126 (a .179 average). He had 7 career RBIs. Baez played in his final game on October 3, 1993.

Baez has also served as the manager and third base coach of the Long Island Ducks.

In 2007 Baez spent most of the season coaching in the Mets organization.

Third base/infield coach Baez returned to the Ducks after serving as a coach in 2009. The former Ducks and big league infielder became a full-time coach with Long Island on May 20, 2005, and spent most of the 2007 season coaching in the Mets organization. In his role with the Ducks, he is responsible for working with all players to make sure the level of play is where it is needed both offensively and defensively to support the pitching staff. Baez will also coach third base

Baez ran baseball clinics for all ages in Bay Shore, NY at Pro Game Athletics. He helps children of all ages with the fundamentals of baseball from fielding to hitting.

Baez was an anchor of the Ducks' 2004 championship team, batting .256 with 36 runs scored and 40 RBI in 98 games played. He was selected to the Atlantic League All-Star team and took home MVP honors after going 2-for-4 with two RBI and scored the go-ahead run in the North's 10–8 victory over the South at Camden's Campbell's Field. In the 2004 playoffs, Baez batted .263 en route to his first professional baseball championship.

On November 17, 2010, the Long Island Ducks named Baez their manager for the 2011 season, replacing Dave LaPoint. Baez managed the team through the 2018 season, winning two consecutive championships in the 2012 and 2013 seasons.

On November 27, 2018, the Ducks announced that Baez was stepping down in order to manage the Rockland Boulders of the Can-Am League for the 2019 season.

A veteran of 63 major league and 1,750 minor league games, Baez registered career-highs in hits (113) and doubles (27) in 2000 with the Norfolk Tides (AAA, Mets). He has made three different stops in the majors (all with the Mets). His most lengthy stay came in 1993 when he appeared in 52 games at shortstop for New York.

## InfoBox

| Kevin Baez | |
| --- | --- |
| Baez with the Long Island Ducks in 2018 | |
| **Shortstop** | |
| **Born:**  (1967-01-10) January 10, 1967<br>Brooklyn, New York, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 3, 1990, for the New York Mets | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 3, 1993, for the New York Mets | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .179 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs batted in | 7 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


abstract: The Venezuela women's national field hockey team represents Venezuela in women's international field hockey competitions. The team is controlled by the Venezuelan Field Hockey Federation, the governing body for field hockey in Venezuela.

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# Venezuela women's national field hockey team

The **Venezuela women's national field hockey team** represents Venezuela in women's international field hockey competitions. The team is controlled by the Venezuelan Field Hockey Federation, the governing body for field hockey in Venezuela.

## Tournament record

### Pan American Cup

### Central American and Caribbean Games

### South American Games

### South American Championship

### Bolivarian Games

## InfoBox

Venezuela
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Association | Venezuelan Field Hockey Federation (*Federación Venezolana de Hockey sobre Cesped*) |
| Confederation | PAHF (Americas) |
| FIH ranking | |
| Current | NR (13 August 2024) |
| Pan American Cup | |
| Appearances | 1 (*first in 2001*) |
| Best result | 7th (2001) |
| Medal record      Bolivarian Games  2013 Chiclayo Team | |


title: Mississippi Highway 382

abstract: Mississippi Highway 382 is a state highway in eastern Mississippi. The route starts at U.S. Route 45 Alternate near Prairie and travels eastward. The road travels through farmland as it reaches Prairie. MS 382 then ends at MS 25 near Aberdeen. The road was constructed around 1951 from MS 45W west of Prairie to US 45 in Aberdeen, and it was designated by 1958. The eastern terminus was changed to MS 25 from US 45 by 1967.

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# Mississippi Highway 382

**Mississippi Highway 382** (**MS 382**) is a state highway in eastern Mississippi. The route starts at U.S. Route 45 Alternate (US 45 Alt.) near Prairie and travels eastward. The road travels through farmland as it reaches Prairie. MS 382 then ends at MS 25 near Aberdeen. The road was constructed around 1951 from MS 45W (now US 45 Alt.) west of Prairie to US 45 in Aberdeen, and it was designated by 1958. The eastern terminus was changed to MS 25 from US 45 by 1967.

## Route description

All of the route is located in Monroe County. In 2017, the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) calculated as many as 1,200 vehicles traveling on MS 382 west of Old Magnolia Highway, and as few as 910 vehicles traveling west of Chips Lane. This is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. MS 382 is legally defined in Mississippi Code § 65-3-3, and all of it is maintained by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT), as part of the Mississippi State Highway System.

MS 382 starts at the intersection of US 45 Alt. and Evans Road west of the unincorporated area of Prairie, and it travels eastward. The route travels through farmland and intersects Baptist Grove Road. The road intersects Old Magnolia Highway in Prairie, and it crosses the Kansas City Southern Railway near Railroad Circle. Near Water Tank Road, MS 382 crosses Hang Kettle Creek. The route continues eastward until it ends at MS 25 near Aberdeen. The road continues as Prairie Road, which ends at a dead end near James Creek.

## History

Around 1951, a hard-surfaced road was constructed from MS 45W to US 45 through Prairie, and it was signed as MS 382 by 1958. Around eight years later, MS 25 was extended southwestwards to MS 45W, and MS 382's eastern terminus was relocated to MS 25. MS 45W was renumbered to US 45 Alt. by 1968.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Monroe County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 0.000 | 0.000 |
US 45 Alt. West Point, Tupelo | Western terminus |
|  | 6.494 | 10.451 | MS 25 Aberdeen, West Point | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Mississippi Highway 382KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Mississippi Highway 382 | |
| --- | --- |
| MS 382 highlighted in pink | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDOT | |
| Length | 6.494 mi (10.451 km) |
| Existed | c.1958–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end |
US 45 Alt. near Prairie |
| East end | MS 25 near Aberdeen |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| Counties | Monroe |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MS 373   MS 385 | |


title: Griffith Public Schools

abstract: Griffith Public Schools is a school district in Lake County, Indiana. The majority of Griffith is covered by this school district.

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# Griffith Public Schools

**Griffith Public Schools** is a school district in Lake County, Indiana.

The majority of Griffith is covered by this school district.

## Schools

## InfoBox

| Griffith Public Schools | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| 602 N Raymond <br>Griffith, Indiana 46319 United States | |
| District information | |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Established | 1907 |
| Superintendent | Leah Dumezich |
| Schools | 3 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 1,148 |
| Other information | |
| Website | https://www.griffithps.org/ |


title: Greenbriar, Florida

abstract: Greenbriar is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,502 at the 2010 census.

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# Greenbriar, Florida

**Greenbriar** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,502 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Greenbriar is located at 28°0′40″N 82°45′9″W / 28.01111°N 82.75250°W / 28.01111; -82.75250 (28.0113, -82.7527). It is bordered by the city of Dunedin to the north and west, the city of Clearwater to the east, and by unincorporated Pinellas County land to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.62 square miles (1.6 km2), of which 0.58 square miles (1.5 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) (5.82%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 2,696 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Greenbriar, Florida | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place & Unincorporated community | |
| Greenbriar, Florida | |
| Coordinates: 28°0′40″N 82°45′9″W / 28.01111°N 82.75250°W / 28.01111; -82.75250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Pinellas |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.64 sq mi (1.65 km2) |
| Land | 0.60 sq mi (1.55 km2) |
| Water | 0.04 sq mi (0.09 km2) |
| Elevation | 55 ft (17 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,696 |
| Density | 4,493.33/sq mi (1,735.68/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 727 |
| FIPS code | 12-27360 |