title: Physella gyrina

abstract: Physella gyrina, common name the "tadpole physa", is a species of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae.

text:
# Physella gyrina

***Physella gyrina***, common name the "tadpole physa", is a species of small, left-handed or sinistral, air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Physidae.

## Shell description

Snails in the family Physidae have shells that are sinistral, which means that if the shell is held with the spire pointing up, and the aperture is facing the observer, the aperture is on the left-hand side.

The shells of *Physella* species have a long and large aperture, a pointed spire, and no operculum. The shells are thin and corneous and rather transparent.

## Distribution

This species is known to occur in:

## InfoBox

| *Physella gyrina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Physella gyrina* figure 10 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Hygrophila |
| Family: | Physidae |
| Genus: | *Physella* |
| Species: | ***P. gyrina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Physella gyrina***<br>(Say, 1821) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Physa gyrina* Say, 1821 | |


title: Johan Fredrik Thaulow

abstract: Johan Fredrik Thaulow was a Norwegian physician and Army officer. He was born in Christiania to chemistry professor Moritz Christian Julius Thaulow. He was a nephew of chemist Harald Thaulow, and a cousin of painter Frits Thaulow. From 1889 to 1909 he headed the medical service of the Norwegian Army, eventually with the title of lieutenant general. He chaired the Norwegian Red Cross from 1889 to 1905.

text:
# Johan Fredrik Thaulow

**Johan Fredrik Thaulow** (22 May 1840  24 April 1912) was a Norwegian physician and Army officer.

He was born in Christiania to chemistry professor Moritz Christian Julius Thaulow. He was a nephew of chemist Harald Thaulow, and a cousin of painter Frits Thaulow. From 1889 to 1909 he headed the medical service of the Norwegian Army, eventually with the title of lieutenant general. He chaired the Norwegian Red Cross from 1889 to 1905.

## InfoBox

| Johan Fredrik Thaulow | |
| --- | --- |
| A portrait of Wilhelm Holter - Johan | |
| Born | (1840-05-22)22 May 1840
Christiania |
| Died | 24 April 1912(1912-04-24) (aged 71)
Kristiania |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Occupation(s) | Physician
Military officer |
| Known for | Chairman of the Norwegian Red Cross |
| Children | Carl Thaulow |
| Relatives | Frits Thaulow (cousin) |


title: Johan Fridolf Hagfors

abstract: Johan Fridolf Hagfors was a Swedish newspaper publisher, music critic and composer, most known for having composed the two songs Modersmålets sång and Ålänningens sång. Born in Orimattila, he got a Cand.phil degree in 1881. In 1883 he became publicist of the small Åbo paper Turun Lehti which was published in Finnish but at the same time Svecoman; it became the only newspaper with that combination to reach a wide readership. He also worked as a teacher in Åbo. He composed several songs for male quartets. Modersmålets sång was first performed in 1989 and is today considered an unofficial hymn for the Swedish-speaking population of Finland. Ålänningens sång, for which he composed the melody, was first performed during the song festival in Mariehamn in 1922 and is today the regional hymn for Åland. In 1912 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Due to stiff competition, Turun Lehti ceased publication in 1919. Hagfors subsequently moved to Stockholm and obtained Swedish citizenship. He died in 1931. Fellow composer Erik August Hagfors was his half-brother.

text:
# Johan Fridolf Hagfors

**Johan Fridolf Hagfors** (11 March 185718 August 1931) was a Swedish newspaper publisher, music critic and composer, most known for having composed the two songs *Modersmålets sång* (The mother tongue's song) and *Ålänningens sång* (Song of the Ålender).

Born in Orimattila, he got a Cand.phil degree in 1881. In 1883 he became publicist of the small Åbo paper *Turun Lehti* which was published in Finnish but at the same time Svecoman; it became the only newspaper with that combination to reach a wide readership. He also worked as a teacher in Åbo.

He composed several songs for male quartets. *Modersmålets sång* was first performed in 1989 and is today considered an unofficial hymn for the Swedish-speaking population of Finland. *Ålänningens sång*, for which he composed the melody, was first performed during the song festival in Mariehamn in 1922 and is today the regional hymn for Åland.

In 1912 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.

Due to stiff competition, *Turun Lehti* ceased publication in 1919. Hagfors subsequently moved to Stockholm and obtained Swedish citizenship. He died in 1931. Fellow composer Erik August Hagfors was his half-brother.


title: John Brunskill

abstract: John Hanfield Brunskill was an Irish cricketer. A left-handed batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler, he played one match for Ireland, against the MCC in May 1895. He also played four first-class matches for Dublin University the same year. After qualifying in medicine from Trinity College he was commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps He served with bravery in the First World War, receiving a Distinguished Service Order for gallantry. At the end of the war he was medical officer in the allied forces Dunsterforce expedition. He retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He moved to England following the end of the War, when he also received the OBE, and became a general practitioner in Kingston upon Thames. He married Elizabeth Robinson and had three children Pamela, Sheila and John.

text:
# John Brunskill

**John Hanfield Brunskill** DSO OBE (17 April 1875 – 21 July 1940) was an Irish cricketer. A left-handed batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler, he played one match for Ireland, against the MCC in May 1895. He also played four first-class matches for Dublin University the same year.

After qualifying in medicine from Trinity College he was commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps He served with bravery in the First World War, receiving a Distinguished Service Order for gallantry. At the end of the war he was medical officer in the allied forces Dunsterforce expedition. He retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He moved to England following the end of the War, when he also received the OBE, and became a general practitioner in Kingston upon Thames. He married Elizabeth Robinson and had three children Pamela, Sheila and John.

## InfoBox

John Brunskill
| Cricket information | |
| --- | --- |
| Batting | Left-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 4  Runs scored 134  Batting average 16.75  100s/50s 0/1  Top score 58  Balls bowled 85  Wickets 0  Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 0/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 16 August 2022 | |


title: Pic Petit de Segre

abstract: Pic Petit de Segre or Puigmal Petit del Segre is a mountain of Catalonia, France and Spain. Located in the Pyrenees, it has an elevation of 2,810 metres above sea level.

text:
# Pic Petit de Segre

**Pic Petit de Segre** or **Puigmal Petit del Segre** is a mountain of Catalonia, France and Spain. Located in the Pyrenees, it has an elevation of 2,810 metres above sea level.

* *Vall de Núria* Map, ed. Alpina

## InfoBox

| Pic Petit de Segre | |
| --- | --- |
| Pic Petit de SegreLocation in the Pyrenees | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,810.5 m (9,221 ft) |
| Coordinates | 42°23′38.82″N 2°6′53.28″E / 42.3941167°N 2.1148000°E / 42.3941167; 2.1148000 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Queralbs (Ripollès)<br>Llo (French Cerdagne) |
| Parent range | Pyrenees |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | Unknown |
| Easiest route | From Vall de Núria |


title: Pic Ramougn

abstract: Pic Ramougn is a steep, rocky mountain in the Néouvielle massif in the Pyrenees. It is located in the commune of Saint-Lary-Soulan within the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées, and is named after the French politician, geologist and botanist Louis Ramond de Carbonnières. Ramougn is the pronunciation of Ramond in the Gascon language.

text:
# Pic Ramougn

**Pic Ramougn** (3,011 m) is a steep, rocky mountain in the Néouvielle massif in the Pyrenees.

It is located in the commune of Saint-Lary-Soulan within the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées, and is named after the French politician, geologist and botanist Louis Ramond de Carbonnières. *Ramougn* is the pronunciation of *Ramond* in the Gascon language.

## InfoBox

| Pic Ramougn | |
| --- | --- |
| North side of Pic Ramougn from Hourquette d'Aubert | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,011 m (9,879 ft) |
| Coordinates | 42°50′06″N 00°07′12″E / 42.83500°N 0.12000°E / 42.83500; 0.12000 |
| Geography | |
| Pic RamougnLocation in the Pyrenees | |
| Location | Hautes-Pyrénées, France |
| Parent range | Pyrenees |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Granite |


title: Piatnik

abstract: Wiener Spielkartenfabrik Ferd. Piatnik & Söhne, commonly referred to as Piatnik, is an Austrian playing card and board game manufacturing company based in Vienna.

text:
# Piatnik

**Wiener Spielkartenfabrik Ferd. Piatnik & Söhne**, commonly referred to as **Piatnik**, is an Austrian playing card and board game manufacturing company based in Vienna.

## History

The company was founded in 1824 by the card manufacturer Anton Moser (1784–1842) in Vienna's 7th district. Upon his death, his professional colleague the Hungarian-born Ferdinand Piatnik (1819–1885) took over in 1843, marrying Moser's widow a few years later. Piatnik's three sons joined the ranks in 1882 adding their names to their father's company name.

Ferdinand died in 1885, leaving the successful business to his sons and his widow. In 1891, a new factory building was built on Hütteldorfer Straße in the 14th district. In 1896, the firm of *Piatnik Nándor és Fiai* was founded as a sister company. Piatnik continued to expand and in 1899 bought the playing card manufacturer, *Ritter & Cie* in Prague. As early as 1923 Piatnik received an 'irrevocable' national award and thus the right to use the Austrian coat of arms in its business in perpetuity. In 1939, the Viennese parent company was incorporated into the family limited partnership *Wiener Spielkartenfabrik Ferd. Piatnik & Sons*.

After the war, multi-colour offset printing was introduced in 1951. In 1956, the playing card factory expanded its range to include board games, and puzzles have also been produced since 1966.

Piatnik Wien has since established itself as a major business, having sold 25 million packs of cards (including Tarot, Tarock, Bridge, Préférence, Schnapsen, Double German and French packs), one million puzzles and one million board games (such as *Activity*, *Tick Tack Bumm*, *Abalone*, *Pass the Pigs* and *Scrabble*) in over 72 countries. The firm offers more than 200 social and family games and 1,000 play card pack variants.

In 1962, the factory premises in Vienna were expanded to include several reinforced concrete halls, and again in 1985.

In 1990, *Activity* was released, an entertainment game for children and adults that has been translated into five languages. Meanwhile, 15 different variants of the successful party game have appeared. Thanks to the ProSieben game show, *Extreme Activity*, this variant is now also available for purchase as a game.

The first subsidiary was founded in 1989, Piatnik of America. It was followed by subsidiaries in Germany, Czech Republic and Hungary.

Today Ferdinand G. Piatnik (4th) and Dieter Strehl run the business and the next generation is already in training. The company has around 200 employees worldwide, around 150 in Vienna. According to the company, around 10,000 board games, 100,000 playing card packs and 4,000 puzzles are sold in over 60 countries around the world every day.

In 1997 in Vienna, Penzing (14th district) the  *Ferdinand-Piatnik-Weg*  was named after the founder of the company.

In 2010 over 2 million games, 1 million puzzles and 25 million game packages were produced in Vienna. The turnover was 27 million euros.

Today, with sales subsidiaries in Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary and the US, Piatnik is Austria's largest game publisher and a leading provider of games in Europe. The traditional Viennese company is represented in 72 countries with board games, playing cards and puzzles.

## InfoBox

Wiener Spielkartenfabrik Ferd. Piatnik & Söhne
|
|  |
| Company type | GmbH & Co KG |
| Industry | Playing card manufacturer |
| Founded | 1824 |
| Headquarters | Vienna, Austria |
| Revenue | 27 million (2010) |
| Number of employees | 200 |
| Website | piatnik.com |


title: Piaszczyte, Stargard County

abstract: Piaszczyte is a hamlet (colony) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, located within the Gmina Ińsko, Stargard County.

text:
# Piaszczyte, Stargard County

**Piaszczyte** is a hamlet (colony) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, located within the Gmina Ińsko, Stargard County.

## InfoBox

| Piaszczyte | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet (colony) | |
| PiaszczytePiaszczyte | |
| Coordinates: 53°27′48″N 15°33′40″E / 53.46333°N 15.56111°E / 53.46333; 15.56111 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Stargard |
| Gmina | Ińsko |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 73-140 |
| Area code | +48 91 |


title: John Crombez

abstract: John Crombez is a Belgian politician. He was leader of the Socialist Party Differently (sp.a) from 2015 to 2019. In the Di Rupo Government (2011–2014) he was Secretary of State for combatting fraud. In 2009, Crombez was elected to the Flemish Parliament, where he was parliamentary leader from July 2010 to December 2011 and has been again since September 2014. Crombez studied economics at Ghent University.

text:
# John Crombez

**John Crombez** (born 19 September 1973) is a Belgian politician. He was leader of the Socialist Party Differently (sp.a) from 2015 to 2019. In the Di Rupo Government (2011–2014) he was Secretary of State for combatting fraud.

In 2009, Crombez was elected to the Flemish Parliament, where he was parliamentary leader from July 2010 to December 2011 and has been again since September 2014.

Crombez studied economics at Ghent University.

## InfoBox

| John Crombez | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Leader of the Socialist Party Differently | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1973-09-19) 19 September 1973<br>Ostend, Belgium |
| Political party | Socialist Party Differently |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Website | Official website |
|  | |


title: Picromerite

abstract: Picromerite is a mineral from the class of hydrous sulfates lacking additional anions, and containing medium to large cations according to the Nickel–Strunz classification.

text:
# Picromerite

**Picromerite** (synonyms: **schoenite**, **schönite**) is a mineral from the class of hydrous sulfates lacking additional anions, and containing medium to large cations according to the Nickel–Strunz classification.

## Etymology

The name comes from the Greek words πικρός \[pikros\] for "bitter" and μέρος \[meros\] for "part", and relates to the bitter taste of the mineral.

## Occurrence

Picromerite is found on comparatively few places, currently (2015) only about 40 localities are known. It was first identified in active volcanic fumaroles on Mount Vesuvius by Arcangelo Scacchi in 1855 and has also been found in volcanic deposits on Mount Etna and on Hawai'i.

It is more commonly found in the kainite zones of some marine salt deposits, among them salt mines in Thuringia, Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt (Germany), near Hall in Tirol, Hallstatt and Bad Ischl (Austria), near Whitby (UK), and in the Carlsbad Potash District (New Mexico), also on salt lakes in western China.

Picromerite can also form in sulfate-rich hydrothermal ore deposits and is found in slag heaps of some ore and coal mines.

Picromerite is often accompanied by anhydrite, epsomite, halite, hohmannite, kainite, metasideronatrite and metavoltine, depending on the locality.

## Properties

Picromerite dehydrates in dry air, and crystals then show dull, spherical dehydration zones. Progressive dehydration leads to leonite.

## InfoBox

| Picromerite | |
| --- | --- |
| Picromerite on halite | |
| General | |
| Category | Sulfate mineral |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | K2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O |
| IMA symbol | Pmr |
| Strunz classification | 7.CC.60 |
| Dana classification | 29.03.06.01 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | *P*21/a |
| Unit cell | a = 9.07, b = 12.21,
c = 6.11 \[Å\]; β = 104,8°; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless; white, grey, reddish, yellowish |
| Crystal habit | massive aggregates; crusts; prismatic crystals |
| Cleavage | perfect {201} |
| Mohs scale hardness | 2.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent |
| Density | 2.03 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.461 nβ = 1.463 nγ = 1.476 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.015 |
| 2V angle | Measured: 47° |
| Solubility | in cold water |
| Taste | bitter |
| References |  |


title: Picton (Greenbush) Aerodrome

abstract: Picton (Greenbush) Aerodrome is located 2.87 nautical miles east southeast of Picton, Ontario, Canada.

text:
# Picton (Greenbush) Aerodrome

**Picton (Greenbush) Aerodrome** (TC LID: **CGB3**) is located 2.87 nautical miles (5.32 km; 3.30 mi) east southeast of Picton, Ontario, Canada.

## InfoBox

| Picton (Greenbush) Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | Jeff Douglass |
| Location | Picton, Ontario |
| Time zone | EST (UTC−05:00) |
| Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−04:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 460 ft / 140 m |
| Coordinates | 44°00′04″N 077°04′24″W / 44.00111°N 77.07333°W / 44.00111; -77.07333 |
| Map | |
| CGB3Location in Ontario | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  05/23 1,320 402 Turf | |
| Source: Canada Flight Supplement | |


title: Picton (New Zealand electorate)

abstract: Picton was a parliamentary electorate in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand, from 1861 to 1887.

text:
# Picton (New Zealand electorate)

**Picton** was a parliamentary electorate in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand, from 1861 to 1887.

## Population centres

The Picton electorate was based on the town of Picton, New Zealand which was also its main centre.

## History

The electorate was first created in 1861 for the term of the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. It existed until the end of the 9th Parliament in 1887.

David Monro was the first representative from 1861 to 1866. Arthur Beauchamp won the 1866 election, but resigned in 1867.

William Adams won the resulting 1867 by-election, but he resigned in 1868.

Courtney Kenny won 11 June 1868 by-election and represented the electorate until the end of the 7th Parliament in 1881.

The last representative was Edward Connolly, who represented Picton from 1881 until the electorate was abolished in 1887.

## Members

The electorate was represented by five Members of Parliament.

**Key**

Independent

| Election | Winner | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1861 election |  | David Monro |
| 1866 election |  | Arthur Beauchamp |
| *1867 by-election* |  | William Adams |
| *1868 by-election* |  | Courtney Kenny |
| 1871 election | | |
| 1876 election | | |
| 1879 election | | |
| 1881 election |  | Edward Connolly |
| 1884 election | | |


title: Pierre Asso

abstract: Pierre Asso (1904–1974) was a French stage, film and television actor.

text:
# Pierre Asso

**Pierre Asso** (1904–1974) was a French stage, film and television actor.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Ann C. Paietta. *Teachers in the Movies: A Filmography of Depictions of Grade School, Preschool and Day Care Educators, 1890s to the Present*. McFarland, 2007.

## InfoBox

| Pierre Asso | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 4 March 1904
Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France |
| Died | 10 December 1974
Paris, France |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1936-1975 (film) |


title: Pierre Attaingnant

abstract: Pierre Attaingnant or Attaignant was a French music publisher, active in Paris. He was one of the first to print music by single-impression printing, greatly reducing the labor involved, and he published music by more than 150 composers.

text:
# Pierre Attaingnant

**Pierre Attaingnant** or **Attaignant** (c.1494 – late 1551 or 1552) was a French music publisher, active in Paris. He was one of the first to print music by single-impression printing, greatly reducing the labor involved, and he published music by more than 150 composers.

## Life

Attaingnant learned the printing trade by printing first "livres d'heure" with the printer Philippe Pigouchet who sold them to Simon Vostre book shop located in St John the evangelist street near the Sorbonne University in the Parisian student district. Later Pigouchet became Attaingnant's father-in-law when Attaingnant married his daughter.

Attaingnant published over 1500 chansons by many different composers, including Paris composers Claudin de Sermisy, Pierre Sandrin and Pierre Certon, and most prominently Clément Janequin with five books of chansons by Josquin Desprez . Attaingnant acquired royal privileges for his music books, which were renewed many times. In 1537, he was named *imprimeur et libraire du Roy en musique* (printer and bookseller of the King for music) for Francis I of France.

## Works

Attaingnant's major contribution to music printing consists in his popularizing the single-impression method for music printing, which he first employed in his 1528 publication *Chansons nouvelles en musique à quatre parties*, a book of chansons. In this system, the individual notes were printed directly onto segments of staff, and so the notes, staff lines, and text could all be printed with one send through the printing press. The main disadvantage of this method was the alignment of the staff lines, which often had a “bumpy” look—-some being slightly higher or slightly disjointed from others. Nevertheless, this method became standard music printing across Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Though Attaingnant is often credited with being the first to develop this technique, one scholar has suggested that John Rastell, an English printer in London, was the first to use single-impression printing in 1520. Attaingnant's biographer Daniel Heartz, in contrast, analyzed the printer's inventory records and other documents and concluded that Attaingnant's claims of inventing the technique were likely true.

Apart from his 36 collections of chansons, he also published books with pieces in lute or keyboard tablature, as well as Masses and motets.

Among the most important documents for keyboard music in general and for French Renaissance keyboard music in particular are the seven volumes published by Attaingnant in Paris in the spring of 1531:

1. *Dixneuf chansons musicales reduictes en la tabulature des Orgues Espinettes Manichordions, et telz semblables instrumentz musicaulx... Idibus Januraii 1530* (sic).
2. *Vingt et cinq chansons musicales reduictes en la tabulature des Orgues Espinettes Manichordions, et telz semblables instrumentz musicaulx... Kal. 1530* (sic).
3. *Vingt et six chansons musicales reduictes en la tabulature des Orgues Espinettes Manichordions, et telz semblables instrumentz musicaulx... Non. Frebruaii 1530* (sic).
4. *Quatorze Gaillardes neuf Pavennes, sept Branles et deux Basses Dances le tout reduict de musique en la tabulature du jeu d'Orgues Espinettes Manicordions et telz semblables instrumentz musicaulx...* (February 1531 ?).
5. *Tabulature pour le jeu d’Orgues, Espinettes et Manicordions sur le plain chant de Cunctipotens et Kyrie Fons. Avec leurs Et in terra, Patrem, Sanctus et Agnus Dei...* (March 1531).
6. *Magnificat sur les huit tons avec Te Deum laudamus et deux Preludes, le tout mys en tabulature des Orgues Espinettes et Manicordions, et telz semblables instrumentz... Kal. Martii 1530*.
7. *Treze Motetz musicaulx avec ung Prelude, le tout reduict en la Tabulature des Orgues Espinettes et Manicordions et telz semblables instrumentz... Kal. Aprilis 1531*.

## Legacy

Of Attaignant's publications, 111 are known to have survived to the present day, and they form an important source of information about sixteenth-century music.

One of the pieces published by Attaingnant has been used three times in 20th- and 21st-century popular music:

Another melody published by Attaingnant is used in several songs:

The original can be heard below, in the first sample, *Quand je bois du vin clairet*. An alternative version for a solo lute also exists in Attaingnant's printed works.

* D. W. Krummel and Stanley Sadie, *Music Printing and Publishing*. New York: W. W. Norton, 1990.

## Further reading

* Heartz, Daniel. *Pierre Attaingnant, Royal Printer of Music: A Historical Study and Bibliographical Catalogue*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.


title: Pierre Arpaillange

abstract: Pierre Arpaillange was a French author, senior judge and Government Minister.

text:
# Pierre Arpaillange

**Pierre Arpaillange** (13 March 1924 – 11 January 2017) was a French author, senior judge and Government Minister.

## Career

After obtaining his law degree, Arpaillange began a judicial career in 1949. He became *Secrétaire Général du Parquet de la Cour d'Appel de Paris* ("Secretary Prosecutor General of the Paris Court of Appeal") and *Secrétaire Général du Parquet de la Cour de Cassation* ("Secretary Prosecutor General of the Cour de Cassation") in 1962.

Seconded to the Ministry of Justice from 1965 to 1974, Arpaillange became adviser to the Minister and, on several occasions, Chief of Staff for the Minister of Justice and Director of Criminal Affairs and Pardons at the Chancellery. He was also a member of the *Haut Conseil de l'Audiovisuel* ("High Council for the Audiovisual Industry") in 1973.

Adviser to the Supreme Court from 1974, he was promoted to Attorney General at the *Cour de Cassation* in 1984. He became Keeper of the Seals and Minister of Justice in Michel Rocard's first and second governments (12 May 1988 to 1 October 1990). He famously committed a verbal blunder in the National Assembly during a 1990 debate, stating: "In 1989, out of 52 escapees, we've recaptured 53."

He left the government in 1990 to serve as a member of the *Comité d'Honneur du Bicentenaire de la Cour des Comptes* ("Bicentennial Committee of Honour of the Cour des Comptes").

## Decorations

## Books

He authored *La simple justice* (Julliard, 1980) ("Simple Justice").

## Sources

This article was translated from its counterpart on the French Wikipedia on 16 March 2009, and its sources are listed there.

## InfoBox

| Pierre Arpaillange | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice | |
| **In office**
12 May 1988  2 October 1990 | |
| President | François Mitterrand |
| Prime Minister | Michel Rocard |
| Preceded by | Albin Chalandon |
| Succeeded by | Henri Nallet |
| First President of the Court of Audit | |
| **In office**
8 October 1990  13 March 1993 | |
| Preceded by | André Chandernagor |
| Succeeded by | Pierre Joxe |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Pierre Raymond Arpaillange
(1924-03-13)13 March 1924
Carlux, Dordogne, France |
| Died | 11 January 2017(2017-01-11) (aged 92)
Le Cannet, France |
|  | |


title: John Davidson (rugby league)

abstract: John Davidson is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played for Balmain and Cronulla-Sutherland in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. His brother Jamie Davidson also played for Balmain between 1983 and 1987.

text:
# John Davidson (rugby league)

**John Davidson**  is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played for Balmain and Cronulla-Sutherland in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. His brother Jamie Davidson also played for Balmain between 1983 and 1987.

## Background

Davidson was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and played his junior rugby league for Birchgrove Scorpions.

## Playing career

Davidson made his first grade debut for Balmain in Round 6 1980 against Penrith at Leichhardt Oval. In 1981, Davidson played 10 games as Balmain finished last on the table claiming the wooden spoon. It was only the 4th time in the club's history where they had finished last. By 1983, Balmain coach Frank Stanton had assembled a strong team and the club reached the finals but were defeated in the semi-final by St George. In 1984, Balmain missed the finals after a disappointing season but Davidson did finish as the club's top point scorer.

By 1985, Balmain were genuine title contenders and finished second on the table. The club were then eliminated from the finals series after back to back losses with Davidson featuring in both games. In 1986, Balmain again reached the finals but were defeated by an experienced Canterbury side in the preliminary final. It was a similar story the following year in 1987 as the club reached the finals but fell short of a grand final appearance.

In the 1988 season, Balmain finally reached the grand final after years of heartbreak defeating Cronulla in the preliminary final. Davidson played in the first finals game against Penrith scoring a try but missed out on selection in the grand final which Balmain lost against Canterbury 24–12.

In 1989, Davidson joined Cronulla who had finished minor premiers the year before. Davidson played in the club's semi final defeat against eventual premiers Canberra. Davidson retired following the conclusion of the 1990 season.

## InfoBox

John Davidson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | John Davidson |
| Born | (1961-10-02) 2 October 1961<br>Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Centre, Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1980–88 Balmain Tigers 168 60 22 0 272  1989–90 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks 39 11 2 0 48  Total 207 71 24 0 320 | |
| Source: As of 16 May 2019 | |


title: Pierre Prévost (painter)

abstract: Pierre Prévost was the first French panorama painter. Born in the city of Montigny-le-Gannelon, he was a student of Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. He died in Paris and is buried there in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

text:
# Pierre Prévost (painter)

**Pierre Prévost** (7 December 1764 – 30 August 1823) was the first French panorama painter.

Born in the city of Montigny-le-Gannelon, he was a student of Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. He died in Paris and is buried there in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

## Panoramas

* Michaud et Michaud, *Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne*, t. 36, Paris, L. G. Michaud, pp. 60–2.
* Louis du Chalard & Antoine Gautier, « Les panoramas orientaux du peintre Pierre Prévost (1764-1823) », in *Orients, Bulletin de l'association des anciens élèves et amis des langues orientales*, juin 2010, pp. 85–108.
* Louis du Chalard & Antoine Gautier, « Le Panorama de Constantinople, anonyme 20 828 du musée du Louvre, dévoile une partie de ses secrets », in Orients, *Bulletin de l'association des anciens élèves et amis des langues orientales*, juin 2011, p. 95-98.
* Bernard Comment, *Le XIXe siècle des panoramas, essai*, Adam Biro, 1993, pp. 18-22.
* Bernard Comment, *The painted panoramas*, New-York, 1999, pp. 29–46.
* Les hommes illustres de l'Orléanais, 1852.
* Jean Prévost, *Notice historique sur Montigny-le-Gannelon*, Châteaudun, 1852.
* John Gorton, *General Biographical Dictionary*, 1833, volume II.
* Dictionnaire général des lettres des beaux-arts et des sciences, Théodore Bachelet, 1862, vol. II, p. 1364.
* Biografia degli artisti, 1836.

## InfoBox

| Pierre Prévost | |
| --- | --- |
| Cours fait par Prévost pour apprendre à peindre les panoramas par Mathieu Cochereau. | |
|  | |
| Born | 7 December 1764
Montigny-le-Gannelon |
| Died | 1823  (aged 58–59) |
| Resting place | Père Lachaise Cemetery |
| Occupation | Painter, artist, landscape painter, panoramist |


title: Pierre Pruvost

abstract: Pierre Eugène Marie Joseph Pruvost was a French geologist who worked as a professor of geology at the University of Lille. He was a specialist on the fossil fauna and flora of the coal basins of Europe.

text:
# Pierre Pruvost

**Pierre Eugène Marie Joseph Pruvost** (1 August 1890 – 5 June 1967) was a French geologist who worked as a professor of geology at the University of Lille. He was a specialist on the fossil fauna and flora of the coal basins of Europe.

## Life and work

Pruvost was born in Raismes in a family of physicians. He went to study medicine but shifted to geology and after receiving a degree in science from Lille in 1910 he went to work under Charles Barrois. He then began to examined the geology of northern France and looked at the fossils and stratigraphy of the coal mines of Nord-Pas-de-Calais for his doctorate, obtained only after World War I, in 1919. He then became a lecturer and in 1922, a professor of applied geology. He succeeded Charles Barrois at the University of Lille in 1926. He went to Sorbonne in 1950 and worked there until his death. Pruvost noted the idea that plant debris produced coal while the edges of coal basins included fish fossils and were associated with oil shale.

Pruvost guided numerous students and served as the president of the Geological Society of France in 1948 and in 1963. He was made officer of the Legion of Honor in 1949. In 1954 he was made a member of the Academy of Sciences in Paris. In 1963 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.


title: John Amadu Bangura

abstract: Brigadier John Amadu Bangura, CBE was a Sierra Leonean who served as Chief of the Defence Staff of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces from 1968 to 1971. Prior to this in 1967, he served as the Sierra Leonean Ambassador of to the United States. He overthrew the National Reformation Council military junta, led by Andrew Juxon-Smith, in the Sergeants' Coup in 1968. He led Sierra Leone briefly before handing power to Siaka Stevens, who had won the 1967 Sierra Leonean general election and with whom he had been residing in exile with the support of Guinean president Ahmed Sékou Touré who was in support of returning Stevens to power. Following Stevens' increasingly authoritarian rule, Bangura attempted a coup against him in 1971, but this time the coup was unsuccessful and he was executed shortly after being captured by the military. Stevens and the APC would go on to rule Sierra Leone as a one-party state until 1991 when multi-party politics was reintroduced.

text:
# John Amadu Bangura

Brigadier **John Amadu Bangura**, CBE (8 March 1930  1971) was a Sierra Leonean who served as Chief of the Defence Staff of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces from 1968 to 1971. Prior to this in 1967, he served as the Sierra Leonean Ambassador of to the United States.

He overthrew the National Reformation Council military junta, led by Andrew Juxon-Smith, in the Sergeants' Coup in 1968. He led Sierra Leone briefly before handing power to Siaka Stevens, who had won the 1967 Sierra Leonean general election and with whom he had been residing in exile with the support of Guinean president Ahmed Sékou Touré who was in support of returning Stevens to power.

Following Stevens' increasingly authoritarian rule, Bangura attempted a coup against him in 1971, but this time the coup was unsuccessful and he was executed shortly after being captured by the military. Stevens and the APC would go on to rule Sierra Leone as a one-party state until 1991 when multi-party politics was reintroduced.

## Early life

Bangura was born on 8 March 1930 at Kalangba, Karene Chiefdom, Bombali District, British Sierra Leone. He was educated at Binkolo and Rogbaneh American Wesleyan Mission Schools, and Koyeima and Bo Government Secondary Schools.

He left school in 1949 and joined the army in 1950. While in the other ranks he served and attended courses in both Ghana and Nigeria. In one such course, the Platoon Commanders' course in Burma Camp, Teshie, Ghana, he graduated first in a group of sixteen warrant officers and senior non-commissioned officers.

The impressive qualities of leadership manifested in his keen sense of duty, intelligence, and fitness allowed him to face the Special Selection Board at which the late General Sir Lashmer Whistler, C.M.G., D.S.O., O.B.E., M.C., then colonel-in-chief of the Royal West African Frontier Force, was chairman.

His performance at Teshie Camp necessitated his transfer to Eaton Hall, Mons Officer Cadet School, Aldershot, in 1952. At Mons, he was recommended by the British Army for more rigorous training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. On graduation from Sandhurst in August 1954, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant.

After a successful Young Officers' Course at Hythe and Warminster, Bangura was posted on secondment to the British Army on the Rhine in West Germany. While on secondment, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

Bangura returned to Sierra Leone in 1955 and was appointed commander of a Rifle Company's Platoon in the First Battalion, the Royal Sierra Leone Regiment. In 1958, he was promoted to the rank of captain. In 1962, he served with the First Sierra Leone Contingent on the Congo Operations of the United Nations Organization. On his return home that year he was promoted to the rank of major.

In 1964, Bangura became commanding officer of the First Battalion the Royal Sierra Leone Regiment, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. These promotions were preceded or followed by several successful courses in various military training centers in the United Kingdom. One such course was the All Arms Division Course for substantive Majors in the British Army.

In 1966, Bangura was posted to attend the Joint Services Staff College (UK) (J.S.S.C.) in Latimer, Buckinghamshire, and became a fellow of the college. In the same year, he was promoted to the rank of full colonel.

After a period of successful military career, he was arrested and detained at Pademba Road Prisons prior to the March 1967 general elections by David Lansana under orders from Sir Albert Margai. He was, however, released in March that year by Brigadier Andrew Juxon-Smith and appointed counsellor and head of the chancery at the Sierra Leonean Embassy in Washington D.C.

While in the US, he was given orders by John Karefa-Smart to go to Guinea with Siaka Stevens to train in guerrilla techniques. He mysteriously disappeared from his post to become chairman of the National Interim Council (NIC) which brought back civilian rule after a successful takeover of power from the military junta, the National Reformation Council (NRC) in 1968. He became commander of the First Battalion of the Royal Sierra Leone Regiment, and of the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces after this operation. On 1 May 1969, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier and honoured in the 1970 New Year Honours with the C.B.E. (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) (Military Division). Brigadier John Amadu Bangura's thorough military training and great experience made him what he was a rare soldier.

He was married and had eight children.

## Sergeants' Coup

On 17 April 1968, the Sergeants' Coup overthrew the National Reformation Council (NRC) military junta, led by Brigadier Andrew Juxon-Smith, which had seized power following Siaka Stevens winning the contested 1967 general election. Brigadier David Lansana had gained power initially on 21 March 1967, but was himself overthrown by Juxon-Smith just two days later.

A group led by Warrant Officer Patrick Conteh and Private Morlai Kamara imprisoned the NRC officers and formed the Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement (ACRM). Bangura was in exile in Guinea, after he was earlier jailed after allegations of plotting a coup in February 1967, prior to the election. Bangura had been released and was serving as Sierra Leonean Ambassador to the United States, but fled his diplomatic post to hide in Guinea with Stevens and the rest of the exiled APC in the aftermath of the election and coup. Guinean president Ahmed Sékou Touré enabled them to train guerillas to prepare to retake Sierra Leone.

After the Sergeants' Coup was successful, Bangura and Stevens returned from exile, with Bangura heading the new ACRM junta. Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston was invited to return as Governor-General, after being deposed and placed on 'leave' when he announced Stevens as the winner of the election. When he refused the offer, Justice Sir Banja Tejan-Sie was made Acting Governor General. Bangura was head of government until 26 April , when Stevens was made Prime Minister when Tejan-Sie confirmed the results of the election.

## Attempted anti-Stevens coup and execution

On 24 March 1971, Bangura attempted a coup against Stevens, who was becoming increasingly authoritarian. There was a dawn gunfight outside Stevens' home, with Bangura transmitting a broadcast informing the population about the coup and warning against any outside interference with it. By the end of the day, the military had captured Bangura and put out another radio broadcast disavowing Bangura's actions. Leautenent Colonel Sam King said in the broadcast, "A large percentage of the members of the Sierra Leonean military forces wish to assure all and sundry that they dissociate themselves from the earlier action of the army commander", and that "we regard the present Government of Prime Minister Siaka Stevens as the legally constituted authority in the country." Bangura and three other senior officers were convicted of treason and executed shortly afterward. Stevens then signed a defense pact with Guinea, led by Ahmed Sékou Touré who had helped him and Bangura retake power in the Sergeants' Coup. Guinean troops arrived six days after the coup attempt, remaining in the country until 1973.

Stevens wrote in his 1984 autobiography *What Life Has Taught Me*,"I am fully aware that many people were shocked when these sentences were carried out and that even today, much speculation goes on as to what prompted me to allow the law to take its course. There is even a fantastic rumour circulating that I had actually decided to commute the sentences to terms of imprisonment but that certain strong party members had forced me to change my mind. Let me put the record straight here and now. No single person, nor even the demonstrations in favour of the death sentence that filed through the city, had any influence whatsoever on the action I was obliged to take. For me it was a dreadful act. I had to wrench myself out of my own character."

1. Henry Tucker, Sigismund (2 April 2015). *From the Land of Diamonds to the Isle of Spice*. Sierra Leonean Writers Series. ISBN 9789988181345. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
2. Camara, Mohamed Saliou; O'Toole, Thomas; Baker, Janice E. (7 November 2013). *Historical Dictionary of Guinea*. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810879690. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
3. Harris, David (2014). *Sierra Leone: a political history*. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-936-176-2.
4. *Dictionary of African biography*. New York : Reference Publications. 1977. ISBN 978-0-917256-00-4.
5. Article 190 The Constitution of Sierra Leone, 1991
6. "Sierra Leone Army Puts Down a Coup". *The New York Times*. 24 March 1971.
7. Stevens, Siaka (1984). *What life has taught me*. Bourne End, Bucks., England: Kensal Press. ISBN 978-0-946041-12-1.

## InfoBox

| Brigadier
John Amadu Bangura
CBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | John Amadu Bangura |
| Born | (1930-03-08)8 March 1930
Kalangba, Karene Chiefdom, Bombali District, British Sierra Leone |
| Died | 1971 (aged 4041)
Pademba Road Prison, Freetown, Sierra Leone |
| Buried | Kissy Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone |
| Allegiance | Sierra Leone |
| Years of service | 1950–1970 |
| Rank |  |
| Commands | * First Battalion, Royal Sierra Leone Regiment * First Sierra Leone Contingent, Congo Operations of the United Nations Organization |
| Awards | Commander, Order of the British Empire (Military Division) (C.B.E.) |
| Spouse(s) | Jamila Bangura |
| Children | 8 |
| Relations | Solomon G. Seisay (cousin)
Tinga Seisay (cousin)
 |


title: Piecewise-deterministic Markov process

abstract: In probability theory, a piecewise-deterministic Markov process (PDMP) is a process whose behaviour is governed by random jumps at points in time, but whose evolution is deterministically governed by an ordinary differential equation between those times. The class of models is "wide enough to include as special cases virtually all the non-diffusion models of applied probability." The process is defined by three quantities: the flow, the jump rate, and the transition measure. The model was first introduced in a paper by Mark H. A. Davis in 1984.

text:
# Piecewise-deterministic Markov process

In probability theory, a **piecewise-deterministic Markov process (PDMP)** is a process whose behaviour is governed by random jumps at points in time, but whose evolution is deterministically governed by an ordinary differential equation between those times. The class of models is "wide enough to include as special cases virtually all the non-diffusion models of applied probability." The process is defined by three quantities: the flow, the jump rate, and the transition measure.

The model was first introduced in a paper by Mark H. A. Davis in 1984.

## Examples

Piecewise linear models such as Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains, the M/G/1 queue, the GI/G/1 queue and the fluid queue can be encapsulated as PDMPs with simple differential equations.

## Applications

PDMPs have been shown useful in ruin theory, queueing theory, for modelling biochemical processes such as DNA replication in eukaryotes and subtilin production by the organism B. subtilis, and for modelling earthquakes. Moreover, this class of processes has been shown to be appropriate for biophysical neuron models with stochastic ion channels.

## Properties

Löpker and Palmowski have shown conditions under which a time reversed PDMP is a PDMP. General conditions are known for PDMPs to be stable.

Galtier et al. studied the law of the trajectories of PDMP and provided a reference measure in order to express a **density of a trajectory** of the PDMP. Their work opens the way to any application using densities of trajectory. (For instance, they used the density of a trajectories to perform importance sampling, this work was further developed by Chennetier and Al. to estimate the reliability of industrial systems.)

* Jump diffusion, a generalization of piecewise-deterministic Markov processes
* Hybrid system (in the context of dynamical systems), a broad class of dynamical systems that includes all jump diffusions (and hence all piecewise-deterministic Markov processes)


title: Piezoelectric direct discharge plasma

abstract: Piezoelectric direct discharge (PDD) plasma is a type of cold non-equilibrium plasma, generated by a direct gas discharge of a high voltage piezoelectric transformer. It can be ignited in air or other gases in a wide range of pressures, including atmospheric. Due to the compactness and the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer, this method of plasma generation is particularly compact, efficient and cheap. It enables a wide spectrum of industrial, medical and consumer applications.

text:
# Piezoelectric direct discharge plasma

**Piezoelectric direct discharge** (**PDD**) **plasma** is a type of cold non-equilibrium plasma, generated by a direct gas discharge of a high voltage piezoelectric transformer. It can be ignited in air or other gases in a wide range of pressures, including atmospheric. Due to the compactness and the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer, this method of plasma generation is particularly compact, efficient and cheap. It enables a wide spectrum of industrial, medical and consumer applications.

## Background

Cold non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas can be produced by high voltage discharges in the atmospheres of various working gases. The following 3 types of electric discharges found most applications in industrial processes:

* Electric arc discharges are self-sustaining DC discharges characterized by high electric currents, which are drawn from the cathode by intensive thermionic and field emission. Due to the intense currents, the volume of the arc reaches thermal equilibrium with temperatures of 6.000 – 12.000 C. While the arc discharge can be sustained in the DC mode, a pulsed operation is more stable against imperfections of a quickly eroding cathode surface.
* Corona discharges occur in the regions of high electric fields with high field gradients, present near sharp edges of high voltage electrodes. To prevent sparking, such electrodes should be far from the electric grounds. While corona discharges require rather high voltages, the emitted electric currents are low, resulting in a low discharge power. Although the DC operation is standard for the corona discharge, the AC operation increases its power.
* Dielectric barrier discharge occurs between two electrodes separated by a dielectric when the electrodes are biased by a sine-wave or pulsed high voltage. The discharge current is sourced from the surface of the dielectric. The power of the dielectric barrier discharge is significantly higher than that of the corona discharge, but smaller comparing to the arc discharge.

All these types of electric discharges require high voltage electronics and high voltage cabling. Those are bulky, expensive, and in the case of AC power can be very inefficient due to dielectric losses. Moreover, industrial applications often require high power of the order 1 kW. This imposes strict safety requirements on the high voltage enclosures with open electrodes. A construction based on multiple low-power high voltage modules might improve safety aspects. Likewise, incorporation of the high voltage generator and the discharge electrode into a single module should reduce dielectric losses in the cables. However, so far no cost-effective solution to the system based on low-power modules was found.

## Principles of PDD

Piezoelectric direct discharge uses a piezoelectric transformer as a generator of AC high voltage. The high voltage side of this transformer acts as an electrode generating electric discharges in the air or other working gases producing atmospheric-pressure plasmas. The piezoelectric transformer is very compact and requires only a source of a low power low voltage AC. This allows the whole plasma generator to be made exceptionally compact and cheap, enabling construction of hand-held plasma generators or cost-effective plasma generator arrays.

Piezoelectric transformers of the Rosen type, which can be made of lead zirconate titanate, convert the electric energy in the form of low voltage AC into mechanical oscillations. Consequently, these mechanical oscillations produce high voltage AC at the other end of the transformer. The highest amplitude is achieved at mechanical resonances, which occur at the frequencies typically between 10 kHz and 500 kHz. The dimensions of the piezoelectric crystal define the resonance frequency, while its dielectric environment can cause small shifts of the resonance. The low voltage electronics continuously adjusts the frequency to keep the transformer operating within the resonance. At the resonance, such transformers offer very high voltage conversion factors up to 1000 with voltages of 5 – 15 kV.

## Properties of the plasma

Electric discharges produced in the gas from the high voltage side of the piezoelectric transformer have properties found also in the corona discharges and in the dielectric barrier discharges. While the former mode occurs when the high voltage side of the piezoelectric transformer is operated far from the electric grounds, the latter mode occurs when it is operated close to the electric grounds separated by a dielectric. Near the open electric grounds, the piezoelectric transformer produces periodic sparks. Transition to the electric arc does not occur because of the limited power of the transformer. The typical power of such transformers is of the order of 10 W. The efficiency of the plasma generation reaches 90%, while the remaining 10% of the power is lost due to mechanical and dielectric heating of the piezoelectric transformer.

Due to low electric currents, typical for the dielectric barrier and the corona discharges, the piezoelectric direct discharge produces a non-equilibrium plasma. This means that its constituent electrons, ions and the neutral gas particles have different kinetic energy distributions. Temperature of the neutral gas within the plasma volume remains lower than 50 C. At the same time, the electrons and the ions reach energies of 1 – 10 eV. This is 300 – 3000 times higher than the average energy of the neutral gas particles. The densities of the electrons and the ions reach 1016 – 1014 m−3. Since most of the plasma volume consists of the cold neutral gas, the plasma is cold. However, the very energetic electrons and ions excite atoms and molecules producing large amounts of short-lived chemical species, making this plasma chemically very active.

## Applications

Properties of the piezoelectric direct discharge plasmas enable a large spectrum of applications in medical technology, microbiology and clinical research. Typical industrial applications include ultra-fine cleaning and plasma activation of metal, ceramic, glass and plastic surfaces. Such plasma processing increases the surface energy improving the surface wettability and adhesion. The latter increases the quality of the subsequent printing or gluing.

Very compact dimensions of the PDD plasma generator further broaden the sphere of possible applications to compact devices for laboratory work, hand-held applications, ozone generators, and even consumer products.

1. M. Teschke and J. Engemann, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 49, 614 (2009)
2. M. Teschke and J. Engemann, US020090122941A1, U.S. Patent application
3. C.A. Rosen, K.A. Fish, H.C.Rothenberg, U.S. Patent No. 2,830,274 (April 1958)
4. C.A. Rosen, in Solid State Magnetic and Dielectric Devices, edited by H. W. Katz (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London, 1959) pp. 170–197
5. A. Fridman, G. Friedman, "Plasma Medicine", Wiley; 1 edition (February 11, 2013)
6. M. A. Lieberman, Al. J. Lichtenberg "Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing", Wiley-Interscience; 2 edition (April 14, 2005)


title: Flo Perry

abstract: Florence Perry is a British illustrator and writer, based in East London.

text:
# Flo Perry

**Florence Perry** (born 1992) is a British illustrator and writer, based in East London.

## Biography

Perry's parents are Sir Grayson Perry and Lady Perry. She grew up in North London. She came out as a lesbian at age 15, later saying she was bisexual. She studied chemistry at Durham University and after graduating worked as an editor at BuzzFeed. Perry wrote and illustrated the book *How to Have Feminist Sex* (2019). Perry also illustrated *Couch Fiction*, a graphic novel on psychotherapy by her mother, Philippa Perry. She now lives in East London.

## Publications

### Publications by Perry

* *How to Have Feminist Sex: A Fairly Graphic Guide.* Particular, 2019. ISBN 978-0241391563.

### Publications illustrated by Perry

* *The Girl's Guide To Growing Up Great.* Green Tree, 2018. By Sophie Elkan. ISBN 978-1472943743.
* *Remember This When You're Sad: a book for mad, sad and glad days.* Lagom, 2018. By Maggy Van Eijk. ISBN 978-1911600732.
* *Couch Fiction: A Graphic Tale of Psychotherapy.* Penguin Life, 2020. By Philippa Perry. ISBN 9780241461785.


title: Frenulina

abstract: Frenulina is an extant genus of brachiopods, known from shallow waters in the warmer parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its shell is biconvex, rounded pentagonal in profile, and dependent on the species scarlet with creamy white radiating stripes of quickly varying width, beige or seldom entirely white. It lives attached by a stalk to a hard underground.

text:
# Frenulina

***Frenulina*** is an extant genus of brachiopods, known from shallow waters in the warmer parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its shell is biconvex, rounded pentagonal in profile, and dependent on the species scarlet with creamy white radiating stripes of quickly varying width, beige or seldom entirely white. It lives attached by a stalk to a hard underground.

## Species and distribution

* *Frenulina sanguinolenta* has creamy white radiating stripes of quickly varying width on a scarlet shell, or is very rarely entirely white. It is very common in the western Pacific, including Australia, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Philippines, China, Japan and Hawaii, but also occurs in the Indian Ocean.
* *F. cruenta* is known from the Indian Ocean.
* *F. mauiensis* occurs in Hawaii.

## InfoBox

| *Frenulina*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Frenulina sanguinolenta*, internal view, 11mm wide | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
| Class: | Rhynchonellata |
| Order: | Terebratulida |
| Family: | Frenulinidae |
| Genus: | *Frenulina*
Dall, 1894 |
|
| Species | |
| * *F. sanguinolenta* (Gmelin, 1790) type  *Anomia sanguinolenta*, *Megerlia sanguinea* * *F. cruenta* Cooper, 1973 * *F. mauiensis* Dall, 1920 | |


title: Yellowdog Creative Project Management

abstract: Yellowdog Creative Project Management is an independent record label, project management platform, tour management and promotions representing a variety of artists and bands. The business trades in the United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Ireland & United States.

text:
# Yellowdog Creative Project Management

**Yellowdog Creative Project Management** (also known as 'Yellowdog CPM' or just 'Yellowdog') is an independent record label, project management platform, tour management and promotions representing a variety of artists and bands. The business trades in the United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Ireland & United States.

## Notable artists

## Discography

* *Russian Holiday*, EP, 2013, Blaze Bayley
* *Nylon Maiden*, Album, 2013, Thomas Zwijsen
* *Icarus*, EP, 2013, John Parker & Sam O'Doherty

## Master Guitar Tour 2014

In 2014 Yellowdog organised the Master Guitar Tour featuring Thomas Zwijsen, Benjamin Woods and Glenn Roth. The show is a fusion of the three guitarists styles: classical guitar, flamenco and fingerstyle.

The 2014 tour listing is:

## InfoBox

| Yellowdog Creative Project Management | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2011 |
| Founder | Sam O'Doherty |
| Distributor(s) | Blacklake Design / Plastic Head Distribution |
| Genre | Folk / acoustic / rock / indie / heavy metal |
| Country of origin | International |
| Location | United Kingdom / France / Netherlands |
| Official website | Yellowdog CPM Website |


title: Tsuda Mamichi

abstract: Tsuda Mamichi Baron Tsuda Mamichi was a Japanese statesman and legal scholar in the Meiji period. He was one of the founding members of the Meirokusha with Mori Arinori, Nishimura Shigeki, Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, Nakamura Masanao, and Nishi Amane.

text:
# Tsuda Mamichi

**Baron** **Tsuda Mamichi** (津田 真道, 25 July 1829  3 September 1903) was a Japanese statesman and legal scholar in the Meiji period. He was one of the founding members of the Meirokusha with Mori Arinori, Nishimura Shigeki, Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, Nakamura Masanao, and Nishi Amane.

## Early life

Tsuda was born into a local *samurai* household in Tsuyama Domain (present-day Okayama Prefecture). In his early days, he studied *rangaku* under Mitsukuri Gempo and military science under Sakuma Shozan. He became an instructor at the *Bansho Shirabesho* institute run by the Tokugawa bakufu to study western books and science. In 1862, he was selected, together with Nishi Amane, by the government for training in the Netherlands in western political science, constitutional law, and economics. They departed in 1863 with a Dutch physician Dr. J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort, who had set up the first teaching hospital for western medicine in Nagasaki.

The two Japanese students were put in the care of Professor Simon Vissering, who taught Political Economy, Statistics and Diplomatic History at the University of Leyden. They developed a genuine friendship with Vissering who was conscious of the long-standing friendship between Japan and the Netherlands through Dejima. He felt that the students' desire for knowledge would make them likely future participation in Japan's modernization. Vissering, a member of *La Vertu* Lodge No, 7, Leyden introduced them to Freemasonry, of which they became the first Japanese adherents on October 20, 1864.

## Government career

After his return to Japan in 1868, Tsuda wrote the *Kaisei Kokuho ron* (On Western Law), which was the first book in Japanese on the subject. He was recruited by the new Meiji government and helped in the first codification of Japanese laws. In 1869, he drafted Japan's first laws prohibiting human trafficking, and the new national law code was promulgated in 1870. In 1871, he assisted the Foreign Ministry in negotiations with Qing dynasty China and accompanied Date Munenori to Beijing. He also served in the *Genrōin* and in the House of Peers of the Diet of Japan after the 1890 Japanese general election. Tsuda was also an active member of the *Meirokusha*, and contributed numerous articles to its journal, *Meiroku zasshi*.

He was ennobled with the title of *danshaku* (baron) under the *kazoku* peerage system.

## References and further reading

* Auslin, Michael R. *Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy*. Harvard University Press (2006). ISBN 0-674-02227-0
* Gordon, Andrew. *A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present* Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-19-511061-7
* Sims, Richard. *Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868-2000*. Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. ISBN 0-312-23914-9

**Specific**

## InfoBox

| Tsuda Mamichi | |
| --- | --- |
| Baron Tsuda Mamichi | |
| Born | (1829-07-25)July 25, 1829<br>Tsuyama, Okayama, Japan |
| Died | September 3, 1903(1903-09-03) (aged 74) |
| Occupation(s) | Legal Scholar, Politician |


title: University of Papua New Guinea

abstract: The University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) is a university located in Port Moresby, capital of Papua New Guinea. It was established by ordinance of the Australian administration in 1965. This followed the Currie Commission which had enquired into higher education in Papua New Guinea. The University of Papua New Guinea Act No. 18, 1983 bill repealing the old Ordinance was passed by the National Parliament in August 1983. The university has moved from a departmental to a school structure to foster interdisciplinary and inter-school relationships. The university's library is known as the Michael Somare Library, named after the country's first Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare. Multiple sources have included it among the best universities in Papua New Guinea.

text:
# University of Papua New Guinea

The **University of Papua New Guinea** (**UPNG**) is a university located in Port Moresby, capital of Papua New Guinea. It was established by ordinance of the Australian administration in 1965. This followed the Currie Commission which had enquired into higher education in Papua New Guinea. The University of Papua New Guinea Act No. 18, 1983 bill repealing the old Ordinance was passed by the National Parliament in August 1983.

The university has moved from a departmental to a school structure to foster interdisciplinary and inter-school relationships. The university's library is known as the Michael Somare Library, named after the country's first Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare. Multiple sources have included it among the best universities in Papua New Guinea.

## History

The first students at UPNG were enrolled in 1966, with 58 enrolees in a preliminary course. John Gunther was the university's inaugural vice-chancellor. Degree courses commenced in 1967 with 83 students across three faculties of arts, law, and science. The university's first undergraduate degrees were awarded in August 1970 and included future prime minister Rabbie Namaliu.

## Infrastructure

In recent times, the university has seen significant changes to its ageing infrastructure with the Government of Papua New Guinea handing over the 2015 Pacific Games Village to the university for the purpose of becoming student dormitories. There are several other major infrastructure developments made in partnership with the Australian Government for a new and modern lecture theater, School of Business and Public Policy complex and a Student Services building. The Government of Papua New Guinea is also funding several projects such as School of Natural and Physical Sciences building and the newly completed School of Law complex.

## National School of Arts

The **National School of Arts**, based in Port Moresby, was amalgamated into the university in 1990. It had been established in 1972 as the **Creative Arts Centre** and opened a gallery in 1975. In 1976, it became the National School of Arts, and taught theatre, visual arts and music.

## Students

There are more than 15,000 students annually in Port Moresby campuses, five open campuses, and 13 study centres. While the majority of the students are from Papua New Guinea, there are international students from other Pacific countries, especially from the Solomon Islands, who currently study at the university. The UPNG School of Law is currently the only law school in Papua New Guinea. The School of Business and Public Policy offers MBA and Masters in Economics and Public Policy programs.

## Courses

There are programs in:

Economics

Problem-based learning (PBL) approaches are used.

## Alumni

## Affiliation

9°24′25″S 147°10′12″E / 9.407°S 147.170°E / -9.407; 147.170

## InfoBox

University of Papua New Guinea
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | *To be dedicated to the pursuit, advancement and dissemination of knowledge, understanding and wisdom* |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1965 (1965) |
| Vice-Chancellor | Frank Griffin |
| Students | 15,000 |
| Location | Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea |
| Campus | Waigani main campus and Taurama Medical Faculty |
| Affiliations | ACU<br>ASAIHL |
| Website | www.upng.ac.pg |


title: George Tranter (footballer, born 1886)

abstract: George Henry Tranter was a professional footballer who is best known for his time with Aston Villa. Before playing for Villa (1906–1918) Tranter played for Stourbridge. In Tony Matthews' book Who's Who of Aston Villa he was described as "as hard as nails, he never shirked a tackle, was totally committed, had an infallibly cool temperament and was a good passer of the ball, very rarely hoofing it downfield." Tranter had to retire due to injury.

text:
# George Tranter (footballer, born 1886)

**George Henry Tranter** (24 February 1886 – 18 October 1958) was a professional footballer who is best known for his time with Aston Villa. Before playing for Villa (1906–1918) Tranter played for Stourbridge. In Tony Matthews' book *Who's Who of Aston Villa* he was described as "as hard as nails, he never shirked a tackle, was totally committed, had an infallibly cool temperament and was a good passer of the ball, very rarely hoofing it downfield." Tranter had to retire due to injury.

## Personal life

Tranter's son George also became a footballer.

* Bio at Aston Villa Player Database


title: Harold Wylde

abstract: Harold Eustace Wylde FRCO, ARCM, LRAM (1888–1975) was a South Australian organist.

text:
# Harold Wylde

**Harold Eustace Wylde** FRCO, ARCM, LRAM (1888–1975) was a South Australian organist.

## History

Wylde was born in South Australia, a son of Rundle Street draper Charles Wylde. and grew up in the suburb of Glenelg. He studied organ under Walter B. Hills, organist of St. Peter's Church, Glenelg, then in England under D. J. Bennett, organist of Lincoln Cathedral. He was admitted a Fellow of the Royal College of Organists in 1908. He also studied pianoforte under Gertrude Foster and in 1909 he was elected an Associate of the Royal College of Music. In 1910 he was appointed organist and choirmaster at St. Luke's Church, Bromley, then in 1914 transferred to the Church of St. Nicholas, Guildford. He continued his studies under Sir Walter Parratt for organ, Dr. Charles Wood for composition, and F. A. Sewell for piano accompaniment.

In 1915 he returned to Adelaide to take up an appointment with the University of Adelaide as a tutor at the Elder Conservatorium, a position he held for ten years, relinquishing the appointment to make an extended trip to England, during which time he was accepted into the Church of England. On his return to Adelaide he gave his first concert at the Tynte Street Baptist Church in 1916, with his brother Charles Eric Wylde (1890–1972) as vocalist. He gave concerts in other churches that year: the Methodist Church on Young Street, Parkside and Clayton Congregational Church, Kensington. In 1917 he was appointed to St. Andrew's Church, Walkerville, but a year later accepted an offer from the Stow Memorial Church, Flinders Street.

Wylde was chosen to open in November 1917 the new organ at St. Raphael's (Catholic) church, Parkside, and over the years gave several concerts of sacred music in that church, and assisted with the choir. In 1930 he was appointed choirmaster to St. Raphael's. He also served as occasional organist at St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, and in 1931 began taking choral classes for girls at the cathedral. In 1932 he was appointed conductor of the cathedral choir. In 1946 he retired as organist and choirmaster at the cathedral, to be replaced by James Coburn Govenlock Mus.Bac., LRSM (1915–1984), Wylde's pupil from the age of 14.

He was engaged by the Adelaide Orpheus Society as accompanist in 1916, a connection he retained until 1923, when Frederic Finlay, once his student as well as of J. M. Dunn and John Horner.

His involvement with the Adelaide Town Hall began with a couple of concerts in August 1917. In 1932 he was appointed City Organist, a position he retained for 34 years. J. V. Peters succeeded him in 1966.

## Compositions

Wylde, Harold 1888–1975. Poem for Josephine; Wylde, Harold, 1888–1975. Dance on the black notes for Annette; Wylde, Harold, 1888–1975. Lullaby for Phillida, *Three organ pieces named for the composer's nieces*, \[between 1900 and 1975\], retrieved 14 February 2017`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)


title: Jack Ady

abstract: Jack William Ady was a provincial-level politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1986 to 1997. He was born in Cardston, Alberta.

text:
# Jack Ady

**Jack William Ady** (September 22, 1932 – November 26, 2019) was a provincial-level politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1986 to 1997. He was born in Cardston, Alberta.

## Political career

Ady was elected to the Alberta Legislature in the 1986 Alberta general election. He won the electoral district of Cardston by a comfortable margin to hold the district for the Progressive Conservatives defeating three other candidates. He was re-elected to his second term in the 1989 Alberta general election. He defeated two other candidates in a landslide. Premier Ralph Klein appointed Ady as the Minister of Advanced Education and Technology and Career Development in 1992, he held that post until he left office in 1997.

In 2008 the Alberta government disbanded the existing health care boards and created one single provincial board. It was titled the Alberta Health Services Board. Ady was appointed to the new 15 member board, where he served until August 31, 2010.

The riding of Cardston was abolished due to redistribution for the 1993 Alberta general election. Ady ran for re-election in the new electoral district of Cardston-Chief Mountain. He won that district by slightly reduced plurality defeating two other candidates.

Ady did not run for a fourth term and retired at dissolution of the Assembly in 1997. His daughter in law Cindy Ady was the MLA for the electoral district of Calgary Shaw from 2001 to 2012.

Ady is a father of five children: Donald, Jack (Douglas), Lori, John, and Robert.

## Late life

After leaving political office, Ady joined the Mount Royal College Board of Governors in 2000. A year later, on August 21, 2001, Minister of Learning Lyle Oberg appointed him as Chair the Board. He died on November 26, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Jack Ady | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Cardston-Chief Mountain
Cardston (1986-1993) | |
| **In office**
May 8, 1986  March 11, 1997 | |
| Preceded by | John Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Ron Hierath |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1932-09-22)September 22, 1932
Cardston, Alberta, Canada |
| Died | November 26, 2019(2019-11-26) (aged 87)
Alberta, Canada |
| Political party | Progressive Conservative |
| Relations | Cindy Ady (daughter-in-law) |
| Children | Five |
|  | |


title: Tangled in Dream

abstract: Tangled in Dream is the second album by the Australian progressive metal band Vanishing Point. On the Australian release of the CD, the track On the Turning Away originally by Pink Floyd is included as a bonus track.

text:
# Tangled in Dream

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Storm | 9/10 |

***Tangled in Dream*** is the second album by the Australian progressive metal band Vanishing Point. On the Australian release of the CD, the track On the Turning Away originally by Pink Floyd is included as a bonus track.

## Track listing

1. "Surreal" - 6:01
2. "Samsara" - 4:12
3. "Closer Apart" - 5:42
4. "Bring on the Rain" - 6:31
5. "Never Walk Away" - 8:16
6. "The Real You" - 5:24
7. "Two Minds and One Soul" - 4:11
8. "I Will Awake" - 6:02
9. "Dancing With the Devil" - 4:32
10. "Father (7 Years)" - 8:06
11. "Tangled in a Dream" - 2:46
12. "On The Turning Away" - 3:26

## Credits

### Band members

### Guest musicians

## InfoBox

| Tangled in Dream | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vanishing Point | |
| Released | December 12th 2000 |
| Genre | Progressive metal |
| Length | 70:04 |
| Label | Metal Warriors
Limb Music |
| Producer | Vanishing Point |
| Vanishing Point chronology | |
| *In Thought*
(1997) ***Tangled in Dream***
(2000) *Embrace the Silence*
(2005) | |


title: Luciano Teixeira

abstract: Luciano Mendes Teixeira is a Guinea-Bissauan professional footballer who plays for as a defensive midfielder for Portuguese lower-league side Coruchense. Between 2010 and 2012, he made six appearances for the Guinea-Bissau national team.

text:
# Luciano Teixeira

**Luciano Mendes Teixeira** (born 10 October 1993) is a Guinea-Bissauan professional footballer who plays for as a defensive midfielder for Portuguese lower-league side Coruchense. Between 2010 and 2012, he made six appearances for the Guinea-Bissau national team.

## Club career

On 11 August 2012, Teixeira made his debut with Benfica B in a 2012–13 Segunda Liga match against Braga B where he played 72 minutes as a defensive midfielder and scored an own goal at 63rd minute.

He joined Metz during the summer 2013. A year later, he moved to Chaves.

## InfoBox

Luciano Teixeira
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Luciano Mendes Teixeira | | |
| Date of birth | (1993-10-10) 10 October 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Bissau, Guinea-Bissau | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Coruchense | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2010–2011 | Étoile Lusitana | | |
| 2012 | Benfica | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2012–2013 | Benfica B | 33 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | Metz | 4 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Chaves | 9 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | R.F.C. Seraing | 0 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Cartaxo | 17 | (2) |
| 2019– | Lusitano de Évora | 0 | (0) |
| 2019– | Coruchense | 11 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2010– | Guinea-Bissau | 6 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 10:11, 4 May 2020 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 10:03, 4 May 2020 (UTC) | | | |


title: Tanaophysa adornatalis

abstract: Tanaophysa adornatalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Warren in 1892. It is found in Brazil. The wingspan is about 32 mm for females and 21 mm for males. The forewings are bright yellow, brownish along the costa, especially towards the base. There is an indistinct obliquely curved first line near the base and another exterior of the ordinary shape. There is also a small dot in the cell near the first line and a larger one at the end of the cell. The hindwings are similar to the forewings, with the exterior line repeated.

text:
# Tanaophysa adornatalis

***Tanaophysa adornatalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Warren in 1892. It is found in Brazil (São Paulo).

The wingspan is about 32 mm for females and 21 mm for males. The forewings are bright yellow, brownish along the costa, especially towards the base. There is an indistinct obliquely curved first line near the base and another exterior of the ordinary shape. There is also a small dot in the cell near the first line and a larger one at the end of the cell. The hindwings are similar to the forewings, with the exterior line repeated.

## InfoBox

| *Tanaophysa adornatalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Tanaophysa* |
| Species: | ***T. adornatalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tanaophysa adornatalis***<br>Warren, 1892 | |
|


title: Tanaoctena

abstract: Tanaoctena is a genus of moths of the family Galacticidae.

text:
# Tanaoctena

***Tanaoctena*** is a genus of moths of the family Galacticidae.

## Species

## Former species

## InfoBox

| *Tanaoctena* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Galacticidae |
| Genus: | *Tanaoctena*<br>Turner, 1913 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nesotropha* Turner, 1926 * *Cylicophora* Turner, 1927 | |


title: Tanvir Mehdi

abstract: Tanvir Mehdi, is a former Pakistani cricketer who played one ODI in 1992. He was regarded as one of the fastest bowlers of his time in Pakistan first-class cricket. His career was cut short due to unknown reasons. He bowled the fastest ball of his career at a speed of 154.7 kmph.

text:
# Tanvir Mehdi

**Tanvir Mehdi** (born November 7, 1972, in Lahore, Punjab), is a former Pakistani cricketer who played one ODI in 1992. He was regarded as one of the fastest bowlers of his time in Pakistan first-class cricket. His career was cut short due to unknown reasons. He bowled the fastest ball of his career at a speed of 154.7 kmph.

## InfoBox

Tanvir Mehdi
| Cricket information | |
| --- | --- |
| Batting | Right-hand bat |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium-fast |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Tests ODIs  Matches - 1  Runs scored - 0  Batting average - 0.00  100s/50s -/- -/-  Top score - 0  Balls bowled - 66  Wickets - 1  Bowling average - 72.00  5 wickets in innings - -  10 wickets in match - n/a  Best bowling -/- 1/72  Catches/stumpings -/- -/- | |
|  | |
| Source: , 3 May 2006 | |


title: Tanvé

abstract: Tanvé is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Agbangnizoun. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8,034.

text:
# Tanvé

**Tanvé** is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Agbangnizoun. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8,034.

7°08′N 1°58′E / 7.133°N 1.967°E / 7.133; 1.967

## InfoBox

| Tanvé | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Zou Department |
| Commune | Agbangnizoun |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 8,034 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: Lucky Day (album)

abstract: Lucky Day is the sixth studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. It was released on October 29, 2002. The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and later reached Gold certification. Three singles were released from the album: "Hey Sexy Lady", "Strength of a Woman" and "Get My Party On". The album featured guest appearances from Shaggy's longtime collaborators Brian and Tony Gold, as well as a guest appearance from Chaka Khan. The song "We Are the Ones" was included on the album "Barbie Mix" which was released to promote the My Scene dolls. MCA Records hoped that Lucky Day could stop a slump in sales at the label for 2002. While the album was a moderate commercial success, it did not sell as well as hoped, resulting in MCA's president, Jay Boberg, resigning from his position at the label in January 2003, and ultimately led to MCA being merged into Geffen Records in June 2003.

text:
# Lucky Day (album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | (62/100) |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *People* | (favorable) |
|  |  |
| Robert Christgau |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *The Village Voice* | (positive) |
| Yahoo! Music UK |  |

***Lucky Day*** is the sixth studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. It was released on October 29, 2002. The album peaked at number 24 on the *Billboard* 200 and later reached Gold certification. Three singles were released from the album: "Hey Sexy Lady", "Strength of a Woman" and "Get My Party On". The album featured guest appearances from Shaggy's longtime collaborators Brian and Tony Gold, as well as a guest appearance from Chaka Khan. The song "We Are the Ones" was included on the album "Barbie Mix" which was released to promote the My Scene dolls.

MCA Records hoped that *Lucky Day* could stop a slump in sales at the label for 2002. While the album was a moderate commercial success (selling 352,000 copies by July 2005), it did not sell as well as hoped, resulting in MCA's president, Jay Boberg, resigning from his position at the label in January 2003, and ultimately led to MCA being merged into Geffen Records in June 2003.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Shake Shake Shake" |  | Fletcher | 3:25 |
| 2. | "Full Control" (featuring Barrington Levy) | * Burrell * Levy * Dave Kelly * Ducent | * Christopher Birch * Shaun "Sting International" Pizzonia | 3:49 |
| 3. | "Hookie Jookie" | * Burrell * Birch * Ducent * Pizzonia | Pizzonia | 3:49 |
| 4. | "Hey Sexy Lady" (featuring Brian and Tony Gold) |  | Livington | 3:19 |
| 5. | "Get My Party On" (featuring Chaka Khan) | * Burrell * Birch * Ducent * Kelly | Birch | 4:43 |
| 6. | "Lucky Day" | * Burrell * Armando Colon * Ducent * Kelly | Kelly | 3:21 |
| 7. | "Strength of a Woman" | * Burrell * Birch * Fletcher * Ducent * Robert Browne * Shaun Darson * Pizzonia | Pizzonia | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Lost" (featuring Prince Mydas) | * Burrell * Anthony Hawthorne * Birch * Gordon Dukes * Ducent * Livingston | Livingston | 3:29 |
| 9. | "Strange Love" (featuring Mona) | * Burrell * Birch * Kelly | Birch | 3:14 |
| 10. | "Leave Me Alone" | * Burrell * Colon * Kelly * Ducent * Pizzonia | Pizzonia | 3:51 |
| 11. | "These Are the Lips" (featuring Rikrok) | * Burrell * Colon * Ducent * Pizzonia | Colon | 3:30 |
| 12. | "Give Thanks" | * Burrell * Kent Bryan * Ducent | Bryan | 3:46 |
| 13. | "Walking in My Shoes" | * Burrell * Bryan * Ducent * Philip Smart | * Pizzonia * Smart\[a\] | 2:52 |
| 14. | "We Are the Ones" | * Burrell * Colon * Kelly * Fletcher * Ducent * Pizzonia | Pizzonia | 4:33 |
| 15. | "Hey Sexy Lady" (Original Sting International Mix) (featuring Sean Paul) | * Burrell * Birch * Ducent * Thompson * Morrison * Livington * Paul | * Livington * Pizzonia\[b\] | 3:57 |

US bonus track
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "Strength of a Woman" (Graham Stack Remix Radio Edit) | * Burrell * Birch * Fletcher * Ducent * Browne * Darson * Pizzonia |  | 3:30 |

UK bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "High Beam" | 3:34 |
| 17. | "Hey Sexy Lady" (Video) |  |

**Notes**

* **^\[a\]**  signifies co-producer
* **^\[b\]**  signifies remix producer

## Charts

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 352,000 |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Lucky Day | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Shaggy | |
| Released | October 29, 2002 |
| Recorded | 2002 |
| Genre | Dancehall, reggae fusion |
| Length | 55:12 |
| Label | MCA |
| Producer | O. Burrell |
| Shaggy chronology | |
| *Hot Shot*
(2000) ***Lucky Day***
(2002) *Clothes Drop*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Lucky Day* | |
| 1. "Hey Sexy Lady"
Released: November 14, 2002 2. "Strength of a Woman"
Released: 2003 3. "Get My Party On"
Released: 2003 | |
|  | |


title: Lucius Julius Caesar (consul 64 BC)

abstract: Lucius Julius Caesar was a Roman politician and senator who was consul in 64 BC. A supporter of his cousin, the Roman dictator Gaius Julius Caesar, Lucius was a key member of the senatorial coalition which strove to avoid civil war between the Senate and his nephew Mark Antony in the aftermath of Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.

text:
# Lucius Julius Caesar (consul 64 BC)

**Lucius Julius Caesar** (fl.1st century BC) was a Roman politician and senator who was consul in 64 BC. A supporter of his cousin, the Roman dictator Gaius Julius Caesar, Lucius was a key member of the senatorial coalition which strove to avoid civil war between the Senate and his nephew Mark Antony in the aftermath of Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.

## Early career

A member of the patrician *gens Julia*, Lucius Julius Caesar was the son of the homonymous consul of 90 BC and Fulvia. He began his political career serving as quaestor in Asia in 77 BC, probably under Terentius Varro. By 69 BC, Lucius had been elected augur, and by the end of 67 BC, he had served in the office of praetor.

Lucius Caesar was then elected consul for 64 BC, serving alongside Gaius Marcius Figulus. During his consulship, senatorial decrees were passed which limited the number of attendants who could accompany candidates during election campaigns. Action was also taken that year against certain guilds and societies deemed subversive and prohibited celebration of the *ludi Compitalicii*. During the following year (63 BC), he, together with his cousin Gaius Julius Caesar, was appointed *duumviri perduellionis* for the purpose of bringing the senator Gaius Rabirius to trial for *perduellio* committed during Saturninus' riot in 100 BC.

Later that same year, during the Catilinarian Conspiracy, the senate met after discovery of a plot within the city and apprehension of conspirators. Among them was Lucius' brother-in-law Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, whom Lucius denounced. At a later meeting on the urban conspirators' fate, Lucius was among the former consuls who voted for the death penalty.

## Caesar's civil war

In 52 BC, Lucius was serving as a legate under his cousin, Gaius Julius Caesar in Gaul. As befitting his status as a former consul, Lucius was placed in charge of Gallia Narbonensis; commanding 10,000 men, he was responsible for ensuring that the rebellion of Vercingetorix did not spread into Narbonese Gaul. After the suppression of the rebellion, he remained a legate through until 49 BC. Lucius Caesar was then caught up in the events of the civil war, as the Senate, under the influence of Marcus Porcius Cato, demanded that his cousin Gaius give up his armies and his *imperium* when his proconsular command came to an end. Gaius refused and, taking his cousin Lucius with him, crossed the Rubicon. In the civil war which followed, the two Caesars were allied. After the majority of the Senate fled Rome, Lucius remained in the capital while his cousin Gaius fought against the armies led by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.

During the next two years he remained in Rome, shoring up political support for Gaius, while he campaigned in Spain, and Greece. After the Battle of Pharsalus, Gaius was appointed dictator, and he proceeded to transfer some of his veteran legions to Italy. However, the legions became mutinous, forcing Mark Antony, the Master of the Horse, to leave Rome to deal with them in 47 BC. In an unprecedented procedure, Antonius appointed Lucius as *praefectus urbi*, with orders to keep Rome secure while Antonius was absent. Lucius proved unable to prevent Rome from falling into turmoil.

## Mutina campaign and efforts for peace

Gaius Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC created an unstable atmosphere throughout the Roman Republic. Desperate to remain neutral as the disputes between the Caesarean faction and the *liberatores* worsened, Lucius Julius Caesar retired to Neapolis. This retirement was brief, as Lucius returned to Rome before the end of the year.

He openly joined Cicero's senatorial faction, leading the Senate in repealing Antony's agrarian law. However, he did not utterly abandon his nephew, as he refused to allow for a state of civil war to be declared against Antony. More than anything else, he sought to avoid another civil war, and worked toward reconciling the various factions. Some time in the year, he was appointed *princeps senatus* after the title was revived. In early March of 43 BC, he was one of five ex-consuls appointed by the Senate to form a second delegation to Antony, seeking to arrange a truce between Mark Antony and Decimus Brutus Albinus. However, when two of the ex-consuls decided to withdraw from the delegation (Cicero and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus), the embassy was disbanded.

Later, after Antony had suffered a number of military setbacks, Lucius Caesar was one of the first to state that his nephew should be declared an enemy of the state. He was however to regret this when the Second Triumvirate was formed: as a consequence of his actions, Antony had him proscribed. Fleeing to his sister's (Antony's mother's) house, Lucius remained there until she obtained a pardon for him from her son. Lucius Caesar was still alive in 40 BC, when he was recorded as still being active as an augur.

## Family

Lucius was the son of his homonymous father who was consul in 90 and censor in 89 BC. Lucius had a sister named Julia who was the wife of Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura. Lucius had three known sons, Gnaeus, Lucius, and Sextus.

## Sources

* Broughton, T. Robert S. (1952). *The Magistrates of the Roman Republic*. Vol. II.
* Broughton, T. Robert S. (1986). *The Magistrates of the Roman Republic*. Vol. III.
* Holmes, Rice T. (1923). *The Roman Republic and the Founder of the Empire*. Vol. III.
* Smith, William. "11. L. julius L. f. L. n. caesar". *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. Vol. 1. p. 538. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05  via The Ancient Library.
* Zmeskal, Klaus (2009). *Adfinitas* (in German). Vol. 1. Passau: Verlag Karl Stutz. ISBN 978-3-88849-304-1.


title: Lucius Jacques Dupré

abstract: Lucius Jacques Dupré was a prominent Confederate politician during the American Civil War. He was born in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, and served as a state court judge in 1853. He was a delegate to the Louisiana secession convention and served in the Confederate States Army. He later represented the state in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress from 1862 to 1865. Following the collapse of the Confederacy in the spring of 1865, he returned to Louisiana. He died four years later.

text:
# Lucius Jacques Dupré

**Lucius Jacques Dupré** (April 18, 1822  March 5, 1869) was a prominent Confederate politician during the American Civil War.

He was born in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, and served as a state court judge in 1853. He was a delegate to the Louisiana secession convention and served in the Confederate States Army. He later represented the state in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress from 1862 to 1865.

Following the collapse of the Confederacy in the spring of 1865, he returned to Louisiana. He died four years later.

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