title: Howard Elliott (railroad executive)

abstract: Howard Elliott was President of Northern Pacific Railway from 1903 to 1913, and President of New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad from 1913 to 1917.

text:
# Howard Elliott (railroad executive)

**Howard Elliott** (December 6, 1860 – July 8, 1928) was President of Northern Pacific Railway from 1903 to 1913, and President of New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad from 1913 to 1917.

## Biography

Elliott was born on December 6, 1860, in New York, and received a degree from Harvard University. He entered railway service during the summer of 1880, and during college break, he worked as a rodman on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. After graduation from Lawrence Scientific School in 1881 with a degree in civil engineering, he became a clerk in the president's office of the St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern Railway. From 1887 to 1891, he was a general freight and passenger agent, and from 1891 to 1896, also became an agent of the Hannibal and St. Joseph and Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs lines. From 1896 to 1902, he became general manager, and from 1902 to 1903, second vice-president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy lines. In 1903, he was elected president of the Northern Pacific, and also president of various subsidiary companies of the Northern Pacific.

On July 25, 1913, he was elected president and director of the New Haven system, succeeding Charles Sanger Mellen, and served in that position until 1917. Elliott's term as president of the New Haven began with the wreck of the *Bar Harbor Express* on September 2, 1913, a disaster of such scope that had not been seen on the New Haven.

Elliott faced many difficulties throughout his career in the Northern Pacific. The road when he took charge of it was not in very good physical condition. Elliott increased its mileage from 5,111 to 6,032 miles, and its revenue freight train load from 326 to 511 tons. When the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul built its extension to the Puget Sound right through the Northern Pacific territory, cutting severely into the competition, Elliott continued with improvements and was able to show a surplus of over $3 million in 1911 and one of over $2 million 1912. When George J. Gould retired as president of the Missouri Pacific in 1911, Elliott was offered the presidency of that road, but declined, preferring to remain in New England.

Elliott was a member of the Railroads' War Board and advised the United States Railroad Administration during World War I. He died on July 8, 1928.

* *Railway Age Gazette* (August 1, 1913), pp. 177–8.

## InfoBox

| Howard Elliott | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1860-12-06)December 6, 1860
New York City |
| Died | July 8, 1928(1928-07-08) (aged 67)
New York City |
| Nationality | American |


title: Howard Elis Brown

abstract: Howard Elis Brown was a Canadian merchant and politician from Ontario. He represented the provincial riding of Welland as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1945. He unsuccessfully contested the federal riding of Haldimand as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidate in the 1949 federal election. He died at Haldimand War Memorial Hospital in Dunnville, aged 90, after a seven-year illness.

text:
# Howard Elis Brown

**Howard Elis Brown** (December 24, 1902 – October 12, 1992) was a Canadian merchant and politician from Ontario. He represented the provincial riding of Welland as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1945. He unsuccessfully contested the federal riding of Haldimand as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidate in the 1949 federal election.

He died at Haldimand War Memorial Hospital in Dunnville, aged 90, after a seven-year illness.

## InfoBox

| Howard Elis Brown | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ontario MPP | |
| **In office**
August 4, 1943  March 24, 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Edward James Anderson |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Henry Lewis |
| Constituency | Welland |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1902-12-24)December 24, 1902
Birnam, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | October 23, 1992(1992-10-23) (aged 89)
Dunnville, Ontario, Canada |
| Political party | Co-operative Commonwealth Federation |
| Occupation | Merchant |
|  | |


title: Howard Ellis

abstract: Howard Ellis (1892–1968) was a prominent Chicago lawyer and one of the name partners of Kirkland & Ellis.

text:
# Howard Ellis

**Howard Ellis** (1892–1968) was a prominent Chicago lawyer and one of the name partners of Kirkland & Ellis.

## Biography

Howard Ellis was born in Washington Court House, Ohio on January 15, 1892. He was educated at the University of Chicago, receiving an LL.B. in 1914 and an LL.D. in 1915. He was admitted to the bar in 1915.

After law school, Ellis was hired by Weymouth Kirkland and, with Kirkland, joined the Chicago law firm of McCormick, Kirkland, Patterson & Fleming, the predecessor firm of Kirkland & Ellis. Eager to participate in World War I, in 1918, Ellis volunteered to serve in the United States Army but was rejected for physical deficiencies. He therefore went to France in April 1918 and served in the French Foreign Legion for the remainder of the war. After the war, Ellis returned to McCormick, Kirkland, Patterson & Fleming. There, Ellis became a close associate of Weymouth Kirkland and participated in some of Kirkland's most famous cases.

In 1919, Kirkland and Ellis defended Robert R. McCormick and the *Chicago Tribune* in a libel suit brought by Henry Ford. The *Tribune* had run an editorial in which it called Ford an anarchist for saying that any of his workers who volunteered to serve in the National Guard of the United States (which was then mobilized on the U.S. - Mexico border to prevent the Mexican Revolution from spilling into the United States) would be fired. At the three-month trial, Kirkland and Ellis argued that the *Tribune'*s editorializing was fair comment. Ford ultimately prevailed in the case, but the jury awarded Ford only six cents in damages and six cents for costs. McCormick and the *Tribune* refused to pay the twelve cents, and Ford ultimately collected nothing.

Kirkland and Ellis again represented the *Tribune* when Mayor of Chicago William Hale Thompson brought a series of libel actions against the *Tribune*.

Kirkland and Ellis would win a major battle for freedom of the press in the Supreme Court of the United States with *Near v. Minnesota*, 283 U.S. 697 (1931). In that case, a Minnesota trial judge had declared a small Minnesota newspaper to be a public nuisance and permanently enjoined the newspaper from publishing because it had adversely criticized certain local politicians in violation of an injunction. When McCormick, who was then Chairman of the American Newspaper Publishers Association's Committee on Free Speech, found out about the case, he persuaded the American Newspaper Publishers Association to intervene in the case, with Kirkland serving as their lawyer. Kirkland lost the case in the Minnesota Supreme Court but later convinced the Supreme Court of the United States to declare that censorship was unconstitutional.

Ellis later represented the *Tribune* when antitrust charges were brought against the Associated Press. Ellis ultimately argued this case successfully in the U.S. Supreme Court.

During the largest antitrust case in history at the time - that involving DuPont \- Ellis represented the Du Pont family. (The government was attempting to force the Du Ponts to dispose of their stock holdings in General Motors and the United States Rubber Company.)

After the death of Weymouth Kirkland in 1965, Ellis served as managing partner of the firm, which by then was known as Kirkland, Ellis, Hodson, Chaffetz, and Masters.

Ellis died in his sleep on February 18, 1968. He was 76 years old. He was survived by his wife, the former Maude Martin Evers; the couple did not have any children.

## Further reading

* "Howard Ellis, Attorney, Dies: Fought for Freedom of the Press", *Chicago Tribune*, Feb. 19, 1968

## InfoBox

| Howard Ellis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway

abstract: The Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway is a high-speed railway line in Hubei, China. It is part of the Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei) corridor and have a design speed of 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph).

text:
# Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway

The **Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway** (Chinese: 黄黄高速铁路) is a high-speed railway line in Hubei, China. It is part of the Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei) corridor and have a design speed of 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph).

## History

Construction on the line officially began in December 2018. It had been expected to open by the end of 2021. It actually opened on 22 April 2022.

## Stations

## InfoBox

| Huanggang–Huangmei high-speed railway | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Status | Operating |
| Termini |  |
| Service | |
| Operator(s) | China Railway Wuhan Group |
| History | |
| Opened | 22 April 2022 (2022-04-22) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 125 km (78 mi) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |
| Operating speed | 350 km/h (217 mph) |


abstract: The North-east Saint Helena Important Bird Area is a 48 km⁲ tract of land covering about 39% of the island of Saint Helena, a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports several colonies of breeding seabirds, including the red-billed tropicbird, as well as much of the remaining habitat of the endemic, and critically endangered, Saint Helena plover.

text:
# North-east Saint Helena Important Bird Area

The **North-east Saint Helena Important Bird Area** is a 48 km2 tract of land covering about 39% of the island of Saint Helena, a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports several colonies of breeding seabirds, including the red-billed tropicbird, as well as much of the remaining habitat of the endemic, and critically endangered, Saint Helena plover.

## Description

The site covers north-eastern Saint Helena, from the eastern end of Diana's Peak National Park to the basaltic stacks of Shore Island, George Island and other offshore rocks which support the seabird colonies. The three vegetation zones comprise an arid, eroded lowland below 350 m, an intermediate zone at 350–500 m of pasture and non-indigenous woodland, and a moist highland zone characterised by woodland and flax plantations. The coast is dominated by sea cliffs rising mainly to between 300 and 570 m. The islets are bare with heavy guano deposits.

Localities within the site include eight Saint Helena plover breeding sites – Bottomwoods, Deadwood Plain, Horse Point Plain, Longwood Farm, Sane Valley, Prosperous Bay North, Prosperous Bay Plain and Upper Prosperous Bay. Horse Point Plain is the only place from which live specimens of the critically endangered, possibly extinct, invertebrates *Labidura herculeana* and *Aplothorax burchelli* have been recorded. There are also important fossil sites at Dry Gut, Flagstaff Hill, Prosperous Bay and Sugarloaf.

15°57′S 05°40′W / 15.950°S 5.667°W / -15.950; -5.667


title: Hudson Avenue station (Erie Railroad)

abstract: Hudson Avenue is a former railroad station between Hudson Avenue and Ivy Lane in Englewood, New Jersey. It was once served by the Erie Railroad's Northern Branch. By 1910 the station also served as the Highwood neighborhood of Englewood’s post office. The station is no longer standing. It was preceded by the Tenafly station, and followed by the Englewood station.

text:
# Hudson Avenue station (Erie Railroad)

**Hudson Avenue** (formerly known as **Highwood**) is a former railroad station between Hudson Avenue and Ivy Lane in Englewood, New Jersey. It was once served by the Erie Railroad's Northern Branch. By 1910 the station also served as the Highwood neighborhood of Englewood’s post office. The station is no longer standing.

It was preceded by the Tenafly station (towards Nyack), and followed by the Englewood station (towards Jersey City).

## InfoBox

| HUDSON AVENUE | |
| --- | --- |
| The former station depot at Hudson Avenue c.19071912, when it was known as Highwood. | |
| General information | |
| Location | West Hudson Avenue (at Curry Street), Englewood, Bergen County, New Jersey 07631 |
| Coordinates | 40°54′37″N 73°58′6″W / 40.91028°N 73.96833°W / 40.91028; -73.96833 |
| Owned by | Northern Railroad of New Jersey (18591942)
Erie Railroad (19421960)
Erie Lackawanna Railway (19601966) |
| Line(s) | Northern Branch |
| Construction | |
| Platform levels | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 1923 |
| History | |
| Opened | May 26, 1859 |
| Closed | September 30, 1966 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station Erie Railroad Following station  Tenaflytoward Nyack  Northern Branch  Englewoodtoward Jersey City | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Northwest Big River, Wichita, Kansas

abstract: Northwest Big River is a neighborhood in Wichita, Kansas, United States. A mixed commercial and residential area, it lies on the south bank of the Arkansas River in the northwestern part of the city.

text:
# Northwest Big River, Wichita, Kansas

**Northwest Big River** is a neighborhood in Wichita, Kansas, United States. A mixed commercial and residential area, it lies on the south bank of the Arkansas River in the northwestern part of the city.

## Geography

Northwest Big River is located at 37°43′05″N 97°23′12″W / 37.71806°N 97.38667°W / 37.71806; -97.38667 (37.718056, -97.386667) at an elevation of 1,321 ft (403 m). It consists of the area between 21st Street to the north, the Arkansas River to the northeast, Sheridan Street to the east, 13th Street to the south, West Street to the west, and Interstate 235 to the northwest. The Benjamin Hills neighborhood lies across the river to the north, Indian Hills Riverbend lies to the east, Indian Hills lies to the southeast, La Placita Park lies to the south, and Orchard Park lies to the southwest.

## Government

For the purposes of representation on the Wichita City Council, Northwest Big River is in Council District 6.

For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the neighborhood is in the 25th district of the Kansas Senate and the 92nd and 105th districts of the Kansas House of Representatives.

## Education

Wichita Public Schools operates one school immediately west of the neighborhood: O. K. Elementary School.

## Media

KAKE, the ABC television affiliate in Wichita, broadcasts from studios on North West Street in Northwest Big River.

## Parks and recreation

Big Arkansas River Park is a 2.08-acre (0.84 ha) space on the south bank of the Arkansas River immediately north of 21st Street. The 10-mile (16 km) Arkansas River Bicycle Path ends in the park. Sycamore Park spans 12.89 acres (5.22 ha) on West 15th Street and includes a basketball court, children’s playground, softball diamond, and tennis courts. Both parks are maintained by the city’s Department of Park and Recreation.

## Transportation

13th Street and West Street are the arterial roads in the neighborhood. 13th Street runs east-west along its south side; West Street runs north-south along its west side. In addition, 21st Street runs east-west along the neighborhood’s north side.

Wichita Transit offers bus service to Northwest Big River on its 15 route.

## InfoBox

| Northwest Big River | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Coordinates: 37°43′05″N 97°23′12″W / 37.71806°N 97.38667°W / 37.71806; -97.38667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Sedgwick |
| City | Wichita |
| Elevation | 1,321 ft (403 m) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 2,042 |
| ZIP code | 67203 |
| Area code | 316 |


title: Hugh McElhenny

abstract: Hugh Edward McElhenny Jr. was an American professional football halfback who played in the National Football League (NFL) from 1952 to 1964 for the San Francisco 49ers, Minnesota Vikings, New York Giants, and Detroit Lions. He was noted for his explosive, elusive running style and was nicknamed "the King" and "Hurryin' Hugh". A member of San Francisco's famed Million Dollar Backfield and one of the franchise's most popular players, McElhenny's no. 39, is retired by the 49ers and he is a member of the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame. McElhenny first rose to stardom as a standout all-around player for Compton Junior College in 1948. He then transferred to the University of Washington, where he was a two-time All-Pacific Coast Conference at fullback for the Washington Huskies football team and set several school and conference records. He was selected by the 49ers with the ninth pick in the 1952 NFL draft, and his versatility made him an immediate star in the league, earning him five first-team All-Pro honors in his first six seasons. With the 49ers, he was selected for five Pro Bowls, and he earned his sixth Pro Bowl appearance with the Vikings. He finished his career after short stints with the Giants and Lions. An all-around player who was a threat as a runner and a receiver and also return specialist, McElhenny had amassed the third-most all-purpose yards of any player in NFL history when he retired. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981. According to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, "Hugh McElhenny was to pro football in the 1950s and early 1960s what Elvis Presley was to rock and roll", a reference to both his popularity and his nickname.

text:
# Hugh McElhenny

**Hugh Edward McElhenny Jr.** (December 31, 1928 – June 17, 2022) was an American professional football halfback who played in the National Football League (NFL) from 1952 to 1964 for the San Francisco 49ers, Minnesota Vikings, New York Giants, and Detroit Lions. He was noted for his explosive, elusive running style and was nicknamed "**the King**" and "**Hurryin' Hugh**". A member of San Francisco's famed Million Dollar Backfield and one of the franchise's most popular players, McElhenny's no. 39, is retired by the 49ers and he is a member of the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame.

McElhenny first rose to stardom as a standout all-around player for Compton Junior College in 1948. He then transferred to the University of Washington, where he was a two-time All-Pacific Coast Conference at fullback for the Washington Huskies football team and set several school and conference records. He was selected by the 49ers with the ninth pick in the 1952 NFL draft, and his versatility made him an immediate star in the league, earning him five first-team All-Pro honors in his first six seasons. With the 49ers, he was selected for five Pro Bowls, and he earned his sixth Pro Bowl appearance with the Vikings. He finished his career after short stints with the Giants and Lions.

An all-around player who was a threat as a runner and a receiver and also return specialist, McElhenny had amassed the third-most all-purpose yards of any player in NFL history when he retired. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981. According to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, "Hugh McElhenny was to pro football in the 1950s and early 1960s what Elvis Presley was to rock and roll", a reference to both his popularity and his nickname.

## Early life

Born on December 31, 1928 and raised in Los Angeles, California, Hugh McElhenny attended its George Washington High School, where he set state high school records in the high and low hurdles and broad jump, and ran the 100-yard dash in 9.8 seconds. He won both hurdles and the long jump at the 1947 CIF California State Meet.

## College career

After graduating, he attended Compton Junior College (now El Camino College Compton Center), where he was a standout on Compton's undefeated football team in 1948 that won the Junior Rose Bowl. That year, he had a 105-yard kickoff return touchdown in a game played at the University of Mexico. Already being considered one of the best players in football, McElhenny drew high praise; Heisman Trophy winner Tom Harmon remarked he had "never seen such a combination of speed and size." One of his Compton teammates was 1952 Olympic gold medalist Sim Iness.

After a year at Compton, McElhenny attended the University of Washington in Seattle. He starred as a fullback for the Washington Huskies football team, forming a prolific offensive duo with quarterback Don Heinrich in 1950. He rushed for over 1,000 yards that season, and was the last Huskies player to eclipse that mark until 1977. In a game against rival Washington State, he set school records with 296 rushing yards and five touchdowns. The 296 yards remains a school record as of 2016. In three appearances against the Washington State Cougars, he rushed for 578 yards (10.1 yards per carry) and scored seven touchdowns to lead the Huskies to win the Apple Cup twice.

One of McElhenny's celebrated plays at Husky Stadium was an uncommon 100-yard punt return against USC in 1951. The following week, he successfully kicked nine out of nine extra points in a 63–6 blowout over Oregon. He was a first-team All-Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) selection in both 1950 and 1951, and was selected for the Associated Press (AP) 1951 All-America team as a fullback. Following his senior season he played in a regional college all-star game. McElhenny led the team in rushing in each of his three seasons and set 16 school records, including season (1,107) and career (2,499) rushing yards.

## Professional career

### San Francisco 49ers

The San Francisco 49ers selected McElhenny in the first round, with the ninth overall selection, of the 1952 NFL draft. His first play as a professional was a 40-yard touchdown run which had been drawn in the dirt because he had not yet learned the team's playbook. He recorded the season's longest run from scrimmage (89 yards), the longest punt return (94 yards), and the top rushing average (7.0 yards per carry). He was unanimously recognized as the season's top rookie.

McElhenny was also an asset in the receiving game, becoming a favorite target of quarterback Y. A. Tittle on screen passes. His versatility drew praise from opposing coaches, including George Halas of the Chicago Bears and Steve Owen of the New York Giants. Former Bears quarterback Johnny Lujack lauded McElhenny as "the best running back I have seen in a long, long time." Also noted was his vision; he had an uncanny ability of seeing and reacting to tacklers in his peripheral vision. "If you ever watched McElhenny", explained Washington State coach Jim Sutherland, "you'd think he had eyes on the back of his head. I've seen him cut away from a tackler that 99 percent of the backs wouldn't even have seen. It wasn't instinct—he just saw the guy, out of the corner of his eye." McElhenny described his playing style as such:

> My attitude carrying the ball was fear—not a fear of getting hurt but a fear of getting caught from behind and taken down and embarrassing myself and my teammates.

McElhenny repeated as a Pro Bowler for 1953, joining his backfield teammates, Tittle and fullback Joe Perry. In 1954, with the addition of halfback John Henry Johnson, the 49ers formed their famed "Million Dollar Backfield" of McElhenny, Tittle, Perry, and Johnson. The team had championship aspirations, but McElhenny separated his shoulder against the Bears in the sixth game, ending his season. The offense struggled without McElhenny in the lineup. Before the injury, he led the league with 515 rushing yards and an 8.0 yards-per-carry average. He still managed to make the AP's second-team All-Pro team and was a first-team selection by the *New York Daily News*.

After a down year in 1955 for the 49ers and for McElhenny, he had his most productive rushing season statistically in 1956, picking up 916 yards and eight touchdowns. He was invited to his third Pro Bowl. John Henry Johnson was traded prior to the 1957 season, which broke up the Million Dollar Backfield. Led by McElhenny and Tittle, the 49ers finished the 1957 regular season tied for the Western Conference title with the Detroit Lions. In the Western Conference tiebreaker, McElhenny carried 14 times for 82 yards and caught six passes for 96 yards and a touchdown, but the Lions won with a comeback victory to advance to the 1957 NFL Championship Game. Following the season, McElhenny was invited to the 1958 Pro Bowl and was named the player of the game.

After another Pro Bowl year in 1958, injuries over the next two seasons hampered his production. The 49ers placed the 32-year-old McElhenny on the 1961 NFL expansion draft list.

### Minnesota Vikings

McElhenny joined the newly formed Vikings in 1961 through the expansion draft. That year, he led the team in rushing and had seven total touchdowns, including his first punt return touchdown since his rookie season. He was invited to his sixth Pro Bowl following the season. In his second season with the Vikings in 1962, he was held scoreless for the first time in his career. The Vikings then looked to part ways with McElhenny as the team turned to an emphasis on youth. He described his time with the Vikings as a "dead end street," since he "didn't fit into their plans for the future."

### New York Giants

The Vikings traded McElhenny to the Giants in July 1963 for two draft choices and player to be named later. The trade reunited him with Tittle, who had been traded to the Giants two seasons earlier. On the reunion, McElhenny responded that it was "great to be with a winner," and he played with renewed enthusiasm. The Giants made it to the 1963 NFL Championship Game, where McElhenny carried nine times for 17 yards, had two receptions for 20 yards, and had a 47-yard kickoff return in the 14–10 loss to the Bears. He was released by New York during training camp in 1964.

### Detroit Lions

McElhenny was soon picked up by the Detroit Lions, for whom he appeared in eight games before retiring after the season.

## NFL career statistics

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Led the league |
| **Bold** | Career high |

| Year | Team | Games | | Rushing | | | | | | Receiving | | | | | Fumbles | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Att | Yds | Avg | Y/G | Lng | TD | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | Fum | FR |
| 1952 | SF | 12 | 12 | 98 | 684 | 7.0 | 57.0 | **89** | 6 | 26 | 367 | 14.1 | **77** | **3** | 5 | 0 |
| 1953 | SF | 12 | 12 | 112 | 503 | 4.5 | 41.9 | 33 | 3 | 30 | **474** | 15.8 | 71 | 2 | 6 | 1 |
| 1954 | SF | 6 | 6 | 64 | 515 | **8.0** | **85.8** | 60 | 6 | 8 | 162 | **20.3** | 53 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| 1955 | SF | 12 | 8 | 90 | 327 | 3.6 | 27.3 | 44 | 4 | 11 | 203 | 18.5 | 55 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 1956 | SF | 12 | 11 | **185** | **916** | 5.0 | 76.3 | 86 | **8** | 16 | 193 | 12.1 | 22 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| 1957 | SF | 12 | 10 | 102 | 478 | 4.7 | 39.8 | 61 | 1 | **37** | 458 | 12.4 | 43 | 2 | 8 | 3 |
| 1958 | SF | 12 | 12 | 113 | 451 | 4.0 | 37.6 | 34 | 6 | 31 | 366 | 11.8 | 59 | 2 | **10** | **4** |
| 1959 | SF | 10 | 9 | 18 | 67 | 3.7 | 6.7 | 18 | 1 | 22 | 329 | 15.0 | 72 | **3** | 1 | 1 |
| 1960 | SF | 11 | 9 | 95 | 347 | 3.7 | 31.5 | 38 | 0 | 14 | 114 | 8.1 | 45 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 1961 | MIN | 13 | **13** | 120 | 570 | 4.8 | 43.8 | 41 | 3 | **37** | 283 | 7.6 | 26 | **3** | 8 | 2 |
| 1962 | MIN | 11 | 3 | 50 | 200 | 4.0 | 18.2 | 27 | 0 | 16 | 191 | 11.9 | 41 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| 1963 | NYG | **14** | 1 | 55 | 175 | 3.2 | 12.5 | 23 | 0 | 11 | 91 | 8.3 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 1964 | DET | 8 | 1 | 22 | 48 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 14 | 0 | 5 | 16 | 3.2 | 27 | 0 |  |  |
| Career | | 145 | 107 | 1,124 | 5,281 | 4.7 | 36.4 | 89 | 38 | 264 | 3,247 | 12.3 | 77 | 20 | 57 | 19 |

## Legacy

McElhenny gained 11,375 all-purpose yards in his 13-year career and retired as one of just three players to eclipse 11,000 yards. He was nicknamed "The King" while with the 49ers because he was "the most feared running back in the NFL." 49ers quarterback Frankie Albert gave him the nickname in the locker room following McElhenny's fourth game as a rookie, in which he returned a punt 96 yards for a touchdown against the Bears.

He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970, an honor he described as the highlight of his life. Others inducted in the class were contemporaries Jack Christiansen, Tom Fears, and Pete Pihos. His jersey number 39 is retired by the 49ers, and by virtue of his membership in the pro hall of fame, he was automatically inducted as a charter member of the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame in 2009. NFL Network ranked him the fourth most elusive runner of all time in 2007.

McElhenny was inducted into State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame in 1963 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981. In 1979, he became one of ten inaugural members inducted into the University of Washington Husky Hall of Fame in 1979. As of 2016, his 12 rushing touchdowns in 1950 and 13 in 1951 both remain in the top ten all-time for a Washington player in a single season, and his 28 career rushing touchdowns tie him for sixth in school history.

On January 20, 1985, McElhenny participated in the opening coin toss at Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium, along with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who participated by video feed from the White House after having been sworn into his second term of office earlier that day.

### Improper benefits

After denying rumors for decades, in 2004 McElhenny confirmed that he received improper financial benefits from the University of Washington during his time there, which included a $300 monthly check. Per NCAA rules, the most a college can offer an athlete is a summer job and a scholarship covering boarding and tuition. A popular (albeit usually jocular) spin on the rumor was that McElhenny essentially took a pay cut when he left the university to play for the 49ers. This was not entirely untrue; all payments accounted for, including legitimate ones, McElhenny claimed he and his wife received a combined $10,000 a year while at Washington—with the 49ers, his rookie salary was worth $7,000.

## Personal and later life

After retiring as a player, McElhenny served as a color commentator on 49ers radio broadcasts from 1966 to 1972. In 1971, he signed a contract with a group called the Seattle Sea Lions in hopes of bringing an NFL franchise to Seattle. He proactively named himself general manager of the non-existent "Seattle Kings" in May 1972, and the next year the franchise gained the backing of entrepreneur Edward Nixon, brother of president Richard Nixon. However, McElhenny's plans fell through, as the Seattle Seahawks were founded in 1974.

McElhenny was related to the McIlhenny family of Louisiana, the makers of Tabasco sauce. In his later life, McElhenny was diagnosed with a rare nerve disorder called Guillain–Barré syndrome, which almost killed him. He was temporarily paralyzed from the neck down and had to use a walker for a year.

McElhenny died at his home in Henderson, Nevada, on June 17, 2022.

## Further reading

* Sullivan, George (1972). *The Great Running Backs*. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 85–93. ISBN 0-399-11026-7.

## InfoBox

Hugh McElhenny
| McElhenny in 1955 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 39 | |
| Position: | Halfback
Return specialist |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1928-12-31)December 31, 1928
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Died: | June 17, 2022(2022-06-17) (aged 93)
Henderson, Nevada, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight: | 195 lb (88 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Washington
(Los Angeles, California) |
| College: |  |
| NFL draft: | 1952 / round: 1 / pick: 9 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 5,281  Rushing average: 4.7  Rushing touchdowns: 38  Receptions: 264  Receiving yards: 3,247  Receiving touchdowns: 20  Return yards: 2,841  Return touchdowns: 2 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
| **Pro Football Hall of Fame** | |
| **College Football Hall of Fame** | |
|  | |


title: Hubert-François Gravelot

abstract: Hubert-François Bourguignon, commonly known as Gravelot, was a French engraver, a famous book illustrator, designer and drawing-master. Born in Paris, he emigrated to London in 1732, where he quickly became a central figure in the introduction of the Rococo style in British design, which was disseminated from London in this period, through the media of book illustrations and engraved designs as well as by the examples of luxury goods in the "French taste" brought down from London to provincial towns and country houses.

text:
# Hubert-François Gravelot

**Hubert-François Bourguignon**, commonly known as **Gravelot** (26 March 1699 – 20 April 1773), was a French engraver, a famous book illustrator, designer and drawing-master. Born in Paris, he emigrated to London in 1732, where he quickly became a central figure in the introduction of the Rococo style in British design, which was disseminated from London in this period, through the media of book illustrations and engraved designs as well as by the examples of luxury goods in the "French taste" brought down from London to provincial towns and country houses.

## Education

Gravelot was a mediocre student, who did not profit from a premature stay in Rome, financed by his father, from which he returned, his funds depleted, without a stay in Lyon, an artistic center that often provided a stop-over for art students between Paris and Rome. Unsuccessful in a commercial venture at Saint Domingue on his father's account, he returned to Paris and became the pupil first of Jean II Restout, and then of François Boucher.

## Early career

His years in London, 1732–45 were fruitful ones. They coincided with a period when Britain and France were not at war. Though French-trained craftsmen, engravers and even some painters, were already working in London, but the Rococo style in luxury works of art was relatively new: the Spitalfields silk industry, always dominated by Parisian innovations rendered by Huguenot designers and weavers, produced its earliest asymmetrical and naturalistic floral designs in the early 1730s, and the earliest identified full-blown Rococo piece of London silver, by the second-generation Huguenot Paul de Lamerie, can be dated about 1731. Gravelot's trip was not a speculation; he had been invited by Claude du Bosc to engrave designs for an English translation of Bernard Picart's *Ceremonies and Religious Customs of... the Known World*. The chronicler of English art and artists George Vertue, an engraver himself, soon took note of Gravelot: "His Manner of designing neat and correct much like Picart" he noted in 1733. "A very curious pen & writes neatly. He has been lately in Glocestershire where he was imployed to drawn Antient Monuments in Churches & other Antiquities... He has tryd at painting a small piece or two."

George Vertue noted in 1741 that Gravelot's "drawings for Engraving and all other kinds of Gold & Silver works shews he is endowed with a great fruitfull genius for desseins inventions of history and ornaments"

By that time Gravelot had become a central figure in the artistic set that gathered at Slaughter's Coffee House in St Martin's Lane and formed the St. Martin's Lane Academy organised by William Hogarth in the premises of his father-in-law Sir James Thornhill. The St. Martin's Lane Academy was an unofficial precursor of the Royal Academy at a time when there were no public exhibitions of art in London, no annual salons as in Paris, no public museums and no places to see or copy from good examples of paintings save in the houses of the rich or noble. As a drawing-master Gravelot had Thomas Gainsborough for a pupil.

## Personal adult life

Gravelot himself was an inveterate, even obsessive reader; his brother's *Éloge* reports that he would take a small volume to bed with him, in case of insomnia. His easy and elegant book illustrations were worked up from dressed mannikins, fully jointed down to their fingers, which he had made expressly in London.

## Late career

Gravelot's rococo book illustrations in London reached a peak in the designs he contributed to Theobald's 1740 edition of the complete works of William Shakespeare, for which Gravelot provided 35 frontispieces.

## Escape back to France

Anti-French sentiments in London after the Battle of Fontenoy in 1745 forced Gravelot's return to Paris that October, accompanied by his student Thomas Major, later the first engraver voted an Associate of the Royal Academy, and with a fortune of 10,000 pounds sterling; there he soon settled down as a book illustrator: among his book illustrations, projects were *Tom Jones* (Paris and London, 1750), *Manon Lescaut* (1753, *illustration, left*) a *Décaméron* (1757), *La Nouvelle Héloïse* (1761), the *Contes moraux* of Marmontel (1765), a French translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses (1767–71), and of Torquato Tasso's *Gerusalemme Liberata* (1771). He died in Paris.

## His work

His illustrations of contemporary manners and costumes are known to have influenced English artists. Gravelot revitalized illustrative engraving in England, and after his return to Paris, a group of accomplished engravers continued to work in his manner. The descriptive precision and elegance of his line and the variety of his inventions can be seen in the drawings for two of his more important commissions, the second volume of Gay’s *Fables* and the second edition of L. Theobald's *The Works of Shakespeare in Eight Volumes*, and in his illustrations for the first French translation of Boccaccio *Le Decameron*, 1757. The books are listed by Gordon Ray as one of the most outstanding illustrated books of all time.

Gravelot's designs for the decorative arts were limited to a suite of engravings for wrought iron work, but his *rocailles*, his cartouches for maps, his rococo borders provided inspiration for goldsmiths and silversmiths, cabinet-makers like Thomas Chippendale, tapestry cartoons made at the Soho works, and china painters at the Chelsea porcelain manufactory.

Gravelot's older brother was the geographer Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, whose "Éloge de M. Gravelot" appeared in *La Nécrologie des hommes celebres de France* (Paris 1774).

## Sources

* Gowing, Lawrence, ed. (1995). *A Biographical Dictionary of Artists* (revised ed.). Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Andromeda Oxford Limited. p. 280. ISBN 1-8497-2023-1. OCLC 246968701  via the Internet Archive.
* Rorschach, Kimerly (1996). "Gravelot". In Turner, Jane (ed.). *The Dictionary of Art*. Vol. 13. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 324–325. ISBN 1-884446-00-0. OCLC 1033667059  via the Internet Archive.
* Singer, Hans Wolfgang \[in German\] (1921). "Gravelot, Hubert-François". In Thieme, Ulrich; Willis, Fred C. (eds.). *Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler* (in German). Vol. 14. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann. pp. 548–549. OCLC 1039517481  via the Internet Archive.
* Sullivan, M. G. "Gravelot \[formerly Bourguignon\], Hubert-François". In Matthew, H. C. G. & Harrison, Brian (eds.). *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 23. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 378–380. ISBN 0-19-861373-3. OCLC 1035757654  via the Internet Archive.

## InfoBox

| Hubert-François Gravelot | |
| --- | --- |
| Maurice Quentin de La Tour, *Hubert-François Gravelot*, 1769, pastel, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Bordeaux | |
| Born | Hubert-François Bourguignon
26 March 1699
Paris, France |
| Died | April 20, 1773(1773-04-20) (aged 74)
Paris, France |
| Education |  |
| Known for |  |


# North American Soccer League records and statistics

The following is a compilation of notable records and statistics for teams and players in and seasons of North American Soccer League.

## All-Time Regular Season Successes

*Through completion of 2013 regular season.*

| Rank | Club | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Carolina Railhawks | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | San Antonio Scorpions | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | Atlanta Silverbacks | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | New York Cosmos | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 6 | Puerto Rico Islanders | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 7 | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Minnesota United FC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

## All-Time Regular Season Records

*Through completion of 2013 regular season.*

| Pts Rank | Club | Seasons | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Pts Per
Game | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Finishing Positions. | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | Carolina RailHawks | 3 (2011–) | 82 | 39 | 20 | 23 | 135 | 104 | 31 | 137 | 1.67 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 3 (2011–) | 82 | 33 | 25 | 24 | 129 | 109 | 20 | 124 | 1.51 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 3 | Minnesota United FC | 3 (2011–) | 82 | 27 | 25 | 31 | 103 | 107 | -4 | 105 | 1.28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 3 (2011–) | 82 | 25 | 24 | 32 | 103 | 126 | -23 | 100 | 1.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Puerto Rico Islanders | 2 (2011–12) | 56 | 26 | 15 | 15 | 70 | 59 | 11 | 93 | 1.66 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 6 | FC Edmonton | 3 (2011–) | 82 | 21 | 28 | 33 | 87 | 102 | -15 | 91 | 1.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | Atlanta Silverbacks | 3 (2011–) | 82 | 21 | 20 | 41 | 94 | 146 | -52 | 83 | 1.01 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | San Antonio Scorpions | 2 (2012–) | 54 | 22 | 11 | 21 | 80 | 66 | 14 | 77 | 1.43 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 9 | Montreal Impact | 1 (2011) | 28 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 32 | 24 | 8 | 35 | 1.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | New York Cosmos | 1 (2013–) | 14 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 22 | 12 | 10 | 31 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|

## Highest scoring games

| Goals
scored | Date | Home team | Result | Away team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 | 3 August 2013 | San Antonio Scorpions | 4  7 | **Tampa Bay Rowdies** |
| 9 | 10 September 2014 | Carolina RailHawks | 5  4 | **New York Cosmos** |
| 8 | 28 July 2012 | **San Antonio Scorpions** | 8  0 | Carolina RailHawks |
| 8 | 27 July 2012 | **Fort Lauderdale Strikers** | 5  3 | Atlanta Silverbacks |
| 8 | 15 April 2012 | Carolina RailHawks | 4  4 | Atlanta Silverbacks |
| 7 | 8 June 2014 | **FC Edmonton** | 6  1 | Carolina RailHawks |
|

## Biggest winning margin

| Winning
margin | Date | Home team | Result | Away team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 | 28 July 2012 | **San Antonio Scorpions** | 8  0 | Carolina RailHawks |
| 5 | 1 May 2011 | FC Edmonton | 0  5 | **Montreal Impact** |
| 5 | 8 June 2014 | **FC Edmonton** | 6  1 | Carolina RailHawks |
|

## Streaks

### Winning streaks

| Most consecutive Wins | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | No. | From | To |
| Carolina RailHawks | **10** | 7 May 2011 | 3 July 2011 |
| San Antonio Scorpions | **5** | 1 June 2013 | 4 July 2013 |
| New York Cosmos | **5** | 14 September 2013 | 24 October 2013 |

### Undefeated streaks

| Most consecutive Wins/Ties | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | No. | From | To |
| Carolina RailHawks | **13** | 16 April 2011 | 3 July 2011 |
| *New York Cosmos* | **13** | 24 August 2013 | Present |

*italics* streaks still active, as of April 19, 2014

### Losing streaks

| Most Consecutive Losses | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | No. | From | To |
| Atlanta Silverbacks | **6** | 30 July 2011 | 27 August 2011 |
| Atlanta Silverbacks | **5** | 9 June 2012 | 3 July 2012 |
| San Antonio Scorpions | **5** | 3 August 2013 | 31 August 2013 |

### Winless streaks

| Most Consecutive Losses/Ties | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | No. | From | To |
| Atlanta Silverbacks | **9** | 9 April 2011 | 4 June 2011 |
| Atlanta Silverbacks | **9** | 7 April 2012 | 26 May 2012 |
| Carolina RailHawks | **9** | 7 April 2012 | 19 May 2012 |
| Minnesota Stars FC | **9** | 18 July 2012 | 8 September 2012 |

## Average Season Attendances

* Highest single attendance - 13,151 San Antonio Scorpions vs Puerto Rico Islanders, 15 April 2012.
* Lowest single attendance - 520 Puerto Rico Islanders vs FC Edmonton, 18 April 2012.
* Highest average attendance - 11,507 Montreal Impact, 2011 Season.
* Lowest average attendance - 1,525 FC Edmonton, 2012 Season.

## Trivia

* The longest unbeaten end to a season was achieved by the New York Cosmos in 2013, who closed the campaign thirteen matches unbeaten (with eight wins and three draws).
* The highest number of points achieved by a team during a regular season (inclusive of Spring / Fall) was **54** (17–3–8), by Carolina RailHawks in 2011.
* The lowest number of points achieved by a team during a regular season (inclusive of Spring / Fall) was **16** (4-4-20), by Atlanta Silverbacks in 2011.
* The highest number of points achieved by a team at home during a regular season (inclusive of Spring / Fall) was **34** (11-1-2), by Carolina RailHawks in 2011.
* The highest number of points achieved by a team on the road during a regular season (inclusive of Spring / Fall) was **20** (5-5-4), by the San Antonio Scorpions in 2012.
* The highest number of points achieved by a team on in a split season **31** (9-4-1), by the New York Cosmos in Fall 2013.
* The lowest number of points achieved by a team on in a split season **8** (2-2-8), by the Fort Lauderdale Strikers in Spring 2013.

Major League Soccer records and statistics


title: Hugo von Kathen

abstract: Hugo Karl Gottlieb von Kathen was a German infantry general during World War I.

text:
# Hugo von Kathen

**Hugo Karl Gottlieb von Kathen** (27 August 1855 – 2 April 1932) was a German infantry general during World War I.

## Family

Kathen was born in Freienwalde, Farther Pomerania to the Prussian Major Karl von Kathen (1803–1876) (a landowner from Langenhaken in Pomerania), and Agnes née Schumann (1825–1895). His family came originally from Stralsund, and they became Swedish nobility in 1692.

Kathen married Susanne von Dechend (1859–1929), daughter of Reichsbank president Hermann von Dechend (1814–1890), on 27 September 1884 in Berlin.

Kathen died in Wiesbaden, Hesse.

## Commands held

## Medals and decoration

* Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelige Häuser B Band VII, Seite 180, Band 36 der Gesamtreihe, C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1965, ISSN 0435-2408.

## InfoBox

| Hugo Karl Gottlieb von Kathen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1855-08-27)27 August 1855
Freienwalde, Prussia |
| Died | 2 April 1932(1932-04-02) (aged 76)
Wiesbaden, Weimar Germany |
| Allegiance | German Empire |
| Service/branch | Prussian Army |
| Years of service | 1873-1918 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands |  |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves |


title: Hugh Philp

abstract: Hugh Philp (1786–1856) was a Scottish golf club maker, who is considered to be the greatest club maker of all time. Born in Cameron Bridge in Fife he moved to nearby St Andrews to establish a carpentry, joinery and housepainting business. In 1812 he started to repair and then make golf clubs as a sideline. This sideline became a great success and he subsequently opened a shop and workshop adjacent to the St Andrews Links. Philp used thorn, apple and pear woods as materials for its clubheads. He was recognized as the finest clubmaker of his time. So well regarded were his clubs that even while he lived, forgeries were made after a couple of his name stamps had been stolen. Even to this day, fake clubs bearing an H. PHILP name stamp confound collectors. His clubs were in great demand by the leading players of the day and in 1819 Philp was appointed as club-maker to the Society of Golfers at St. Andrews. Philp's first assistant was James Wilson, who worked with him for 23 years prior to his departure in 1852. By this time, Philp was chronically ill and did not see much shop time. He hired his son-in-law, Robert Forgan, in 1852 who he helped train as a clubmaker. When Philp died in 1856, Forgan took over the business. But Philp's widow had to sell the premises of the shop. So, shortly after Philp's death, Forgan purchased the buildings just to the east of Philp's shop and moved his clubmaking business there. After the sale of the building, it was occupied by a ball and clubmaker from England named George Daniel Brown from 1861 to 1866. Extensive renovations were done adding another floor. In 1866, Old Tom Morris purchased the building and it has remained in the Morris family ever since. Today, Philp's clubs are highly desired by collectors with auction prices reaching many thousands of pounds.

text:
# Hugh Philp

**Hugh Philp** (1786–1856) was a Scottish golf club maker, who is considered to be the greatest club maker of all time.

Born in Cameron Bridge in Fife he moved to nearby St Andrews to establish a carpentry, joinery and housepainting business. In 1812 he started to repair and then make golf clubs as a sideline. This sideline became a great success and he subsequently opened a shop and workshop adjacent to the St Andrews Links.

Philp used thorn, apple and pear woods as materials for its clubheads. He was recognized as the finest clubmaker of his time. So well regarded were his clubs that even while he lived, forgeries were made after a couple of his name stamps had been stolen. Even to this day, fake clubs bearing an H. PHILP name stamp confound collectors.

His clubs were in great demand by the leading players of the day and in 1819 Philp was appointed as club-maker to the Society of Golfers at St. Andrews (later to become The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews).

Philp's first assistant was James Wilson, who worked with him for 23 years prior to his departure in 1852. By this time, Philp was chronically ill and did not see much shop time. He hired his son-in-law, Robert Forgan, in 1852 who he helped train as a clubmaker. When Philp died in 1856, Forgan took over the business. But Philp's widow had to sell the premises of the shop. So, shortly after Philp's death, Forgan purchased the buildings just to the east of Philp's shop and moved his clubmaking business there.

After the sale of the building, it was occupied by a ball and clubmaker from England named George Daniel Brown from 1861 to 1866. Extensive renovations were done adding another floor. In 1866, Old Tom Morris purchased the building and it has remained in the Morris family ever since.

Today, Philp's clubs are highly desired by collectors with auction prices reaching many thousands of pounds.

## Recognition

> It was Hugh Philp who first departed from the primitive models of the stone age and began to make golf clubs that looked as though they were intended for some gentler work (...) Philp had an eye for graceful lines and curves, and his slim, elegant models remain today things of beauty (...) Philp was the only man who ever knew how to make a perfectly balanced wooden putter.
>
> *Harper's Weekly*, 2 Oct. 1897

> This genius made such beautiful and perfect wooden putters that he has come to be regarded as the Amati or Stradivarius of Golf, and a genuine "Philp" today is worth untold gold. The long narrow faces of these clubs and their perfect balance are well known to connoisseurs
>
> *Golf Illustrated* magazine, 5 Oct. 1900

## InfoBox

| Hugh Philp | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1786
Cameron Bridge, Fife, Scotland |
| Died | 1856(1856-00-00) (aged 69–70)
St Andrews, Fife, Scotland |
| Occupation | Golf club maker |


abstract: North Macedonia took part in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Paris, France. The national broadcaster, Macedonian Radio Television (MRT), is responsible for the country's participation in the contest. MRT selected four singers from the television show Dajte muzika to represent North Macedonia with the song "Green Forces". The country returned to the contest after an absence of one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

text:
# North Macedonia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021

North Macedonia took part in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Paris, France. The national broadcaster, Macedonian Radio Television (MRT), is responsible for the country's participation in the contest. MRT selected four singers from the television show *Dajte muzika* to represent North Macedonia with the song "Green Forces".

The country returned to the contest after an absence of one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Background

Prior to the 2021 contest, North Macedonia had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest fifteen times, under the provisional reference of "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", since its debut at the inaugural contest in 2003. North Macedonia were absent twice from the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in 2012 and 2014. They have never won the contest, with their best results being at the 2007 and 2008, represented by the duo Rosica Kulakova and Dimitar Stojmenovski, and Bobi Andonov respectively, achieving fifth place. North Macedonia continued to participate in the contest, but the country withdrew in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Before Junior Eurovision

On 12 October 2021, MRT announced that a group of children from the television series *Dajte muzika* (Дајте музика) will represent the country in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021. The selected song "Green Forces" was composed by Robert Bilbilov and Robin Zimbakov, and was released on November 12.

## Artist and song information

### Dajte Muzika

| Dajte MuzikaДаjте Музика | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Skopje, North Macedonia |
| Genres | Pop |
| Years active | 2019–present |
|  | |
| Members | * Kristina Mukaetova * Anastasija Džabirska * Miha Gigov * Filip Popovski |

**Dajte Muzika** is a group from the Macedonian TV program of the same name that represented North Macedonia at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Paris, France.

### Green Forces

| "Green Forces" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Eurovision Song Contest 2021 entry | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Artist(s) | Dajte Muzika |
| Lyricist(s) | * Robert Bilbilov * Robin Zimbakov |
| Entry chronology | |
| **◄ "Fire" (2019)** | |

"**Green Forces**" is a song by Dajte Muzika, written by Robert Bilbilov and Robin Zimbakov. It represented North Macedonia at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Paris, France. The song was released on 12 November, 2021.

## At Junior Eurovision

After the opening ceremony, which took place on 13 December 2021, it was announced that North Macedonia would perform eighteenth on 19 December 2021, following Serbia and preceding Portugal.

At the end of the contest, North Macedonia received 114 points, placing 9th out of 19 participating countries.

### Voting

The same voting system that was introduced in the 2017 edition was used, where the results were determined by 50% online voting and 50% jury voting. Every country had a national jury that consisted of three music industry professionals and two children aged between 10 and 15 who were citizens of the country they represented. The rankings of those jurors were combined to make an overall top ten.

The online voting consisted of two phases. The first phase of the online voting began on 17 December 2021 when a recap of all the rehearsal performances was shown on the contest's website *Junioreurovision.tv* before the viewers could vote. After this, voters also had the option to watch longer one-minute clips from each participant's rehearsal. This first round of voting ended on Sunday 17 December at 15:59 CET. The second phase of the online voting took place during the live show and began right after the last performance and was open for 15 minutes. International viewers were able vote for three songs. They were also able to vote for their own country's song. These votes were then turned into points which were determined by the percentage of votes received. For example, if a song received 10% of the votes, it received 10% of the available points.

#### Detailed voting results

|
|  |
Detailed voting results from North Macedonia
| Draw | Country | Juror A | Juror B | Juror C | Juror D | Juror E | Average Rank | Points Awarded |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | Germany | 16 | 5 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 11 |  |
| 02 | Georgia | 9 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 8 |
| 03 | Poland | 6 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 5 |
| 04 | Malta | 11 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 4 |
| 05 | Italy | 7 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 14 |  |
| 06 | Bulgaria | 18 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 17 | 10 | 1 |
| 07 | Russia | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | **12** |
| 08 | Ireland | 13 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 18 |  |
| 09 | Armenia | 10 | 15 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 2 |
| 10 | Kazakhstan | 8 | 6 | 17 | 16 | 11 | 12 |  |
| 11 | Albania | 1 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| 12 | Ukraine | 15 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 16 |  |
| 13 | France | 4 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| 14 | Azerbaijan | 5 | 12 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 3 |
| 15 | Netherlands | 14 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 15 |  |
| 16 | Spain | 12 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 13 |  |
| 17 | Serbia | 3 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
| 18 | North Macedonia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 19 | Portugal | 17 | 9 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 |  |

## InfoBox

| Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| National selection | |
| Selection process | Internal selection |
| Selection date(s) | **Artist:** 12 October 2021
**Song:** 12 November 2021 |
| Selected artist(s) | Dajte Muzika |
| Selected song | "Green Forces" |
| Selected songwriter(s) | Robert Bilbilov
Robin Zimbakov |
| Finals performance | |
| Final result | 9th, 114 points |
| North Macedonia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest | |
| ◄2019 **2021** 2022► | |


abstract: The Northern Illinois Fire Sprinkler Advisory Board (NIFSAB) is a nonprofit organization located in Tinley Park, Illinois, United States.

text:
# Northern Illinois Fire Sprinkler Advisory Board

The **Northern Illinois Fire Sprinkler Advisory Board** (NIFSAB) is a nonprofit organization located in Tinley Park, Illinois, United States.

## Outreach

Serving primarily northern Illinois, as well as other parts of Illinois and northwest Indiana, NIFSAB's goal is to educate the public about how fire sprinklers work and their life-safety and property-protection value. The group helps fire departments host live fire demonstrations, especially during national Fire Prevention Week and Month. The organization hosts presentations in homes that have recently installed fire sprinkler systems so that attendees can see what the systems look like behind the walls.

In 2008, NIFSAB was selected by the nonprofit Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition (HFSC) to provide technical support for its ‘’Fire & Sprinkler Burn Demonstration Kit’’. HFSC's kit provides the steps that fire departments take to build and conduct live fire sprinkler demonstrations.

## Chicago high-rise educational campaign

In response to a fatal Chicago residential high-rise fire on January 9, 2012, and previous residential high-rise fire fatalities in Chicago in recent years, NIFSAB created an educational campaign to inform Chicago city officials and high-rise condo associations, building managers and tenants/residents about fire sprinkler protection in high-rises and help get buildings in accordance with building codes. The focal point of the educational campaign is the HighRiseLifeSafety.com website, which is a resource for the target audience. Also included in the educational campaign were direct mailings, radio spots, Facebook messages, and a billboard on a corner of LaSalle Street and Chicago Avenue in Chicago.

## Executive Director

Erik Hoffer has been NIFSAB’s executive director since September 2019.

## *Fire Sprinkler Times* Newsletter

NIFSAB’s *Fire Sprinkler Times* newsletter covers fire safety in Illinois and across the United States. It is available online. NIFSAB 2017 Annual Report is also available.

1. Rubio, Mauricio. "Viewfinder: Fire Department Demonstration Brings the Heat", *Hinsdale-Clarendon Hills Patch*, Hinsdale, Illinois, May 19, 2011.
2. Menchaca, Charles. "Batavia West Fire Station Open House Held Sunday", *Batavia Patch*, Batavia, Illinois, October 2, 2011.
3. Gilmore, Rachel. "Group Offers Peek at Sprinkler-Protected House for Paralyzed Man", *Frankfort Patch*, Frankfort, Illinois, August 18, 2011.
4. Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition. *HFSC's New Video Will Help Fire Departments Present Side-by-Side Fire Sprinkler Demos*,*The Solution: Fire Service Edition*, Summer 2008.
5. NBC Chicago. "Family, Co-Workers Friends Mourn Victim of High-Rise Fire", Chicago, Illinois, January 9, 2012.
6. Northern Illinois Fire Sprinkler Advisory Board. "High-Rise Campaign Hits The Streets", *Fire Sprinkler Times*, Orland Park, Illinois, February 22, 2012.
7. Northern Illinois Fire Sprinkler Advisory Board. "Northern Illinois Fire Sprinkler Advisory Board Promotes Erik Hoffer as New Executive Director". Retrieved on January 20, 2020.
8. https://nfsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/nifsab-2017-annual-report.pdf
*
*
*
*


title: Nostoc

abstract: Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll's butter, spit of moon, fallen star, witch's butter, and witch's jelly, is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. It may also grow symbiotically within the tissues of plants, providing nitrogen to its host through the action of terminally differentiated cells known as heterocysts. Nostoc is a genus that includes many species that are diverse in morphology, habitat distribution, and ecological function. Nostoc can be found in soil, on moist rocks, at the bottom of lakes and springs, and rarely in marine habitats. It may also be found in terrestrial temperate, desert, tropical, or polar environments. The name Nostoc was coined by Paracelsus and is a combination of the English nostril and German Nasenloch "nose hole, nostril", likely due to appearance of many species colonies being similar to nasal mucus. When it is on the ground, a Nostoc colony is ordinarily not seen, but after a rain, it swells up into a conspicuous, jellylike mass, which was once thought to have fallen from the sky, hence the popular names, like star jelly, troll's butter, and witch's butter mentioned above.

text:
# Nostoc

***Nostoc***, also known as **star jelly**, **troll's butter**, **spit of moon**, **fallen star**, **witch's butter** (not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as witches' butter), and **witch's jelly,** is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. It may also grow symbiotically within the tissues of plants, providing nitrogen to its host through the action of terminally differentiated cells known as heterocysts. *Nostoc* is a genus that includes many species that are diverse in morphology, habitat distribution, and ecological function. *Nostoc* can be found in soil, on moist rocks, at the bottom of lakes and springs, and rarely in marine habitats. It may also be found in terrestrial temperate, desert, tropical, or polar environments.

The name *Nostoc* was coined by Paracelsus and is a combination of the English *nost*ril and German *Nasenloch* "nose hole, nostril", likely due to appearance of many species colonies being similar to nasal mucus. When it is on the ground, a *Nostoc* colony is ordinarily not seen, but after a rain, it swells up into a conspicuous, jellylike mass, which was once thought to have fallen from the sky, hence the popular names, like **star jelly**, **troll's butter**, and **witch's butter** mentioned above.

## Morphology

*Nostoc* are a genus of Gram-negative photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Many species of *Nostoc* possess an outer layer and extensive inner matrix of polysaccharides, giving them their "jelly-like" or gelatinous appearance, and also help to protect them from their environment and can assist in the absorption of moisture. This allows them to survive stressful conditions such as fluctuating temperatures, drought, salt stress, desiccation, UV radiation, and infection by pathogens. Some species within the genus also have nitrogen-fixing heterocyst filaments enclosed in this membrane.

Many members of the *Nostoc* genus form colonies. These colonies can reach several centimeters in diameter. These colonies consist of mats or gelatinous masses created by aggregated trichomes that can appear in a range of colors (depending on the species) such as brown, yellow, or green.

Additionally, some species of *Nostoc* are able to enter quiescent stages, further aiding in their survival of adverse conditions, and allowing them to resume metabolism when re-hydrated.

## Ecology

### Habitat and distribution

*Nostoc* can be found in a variety of environments, both terrestrial and aquatic, depending on the species. Their polysaccharide outer layer and matrix allows them to survive and thrive in a variety of conditions and habits ranging from deserts, semideserts, grasslands, polar, and tropical regions depending on the particular species of *Nostoc*. In terms of aquatic environments, *Nostoc* has been documented to be naturally found in marine water, fresh water, as well as brackish water.

### Interactions with other organisms

Depending on the species, *Nostoc* may either be free-living in their environment, or they may form relationships with the other organisms in their environment, such as plants, fungi, or other bacteria. Because *Nostoc* is able to form colonies on the surface of bare minerals, it is able to provide a more stable environment for higher vegetation in its environment. Some species of *Nostoc* also form relationships with plants that lack vascular tissue such as Bryophytes because of their ability to fix nitrogen. *Nostoc* has also been found to form symbiotic associations and other relationships with other bacteria in their environment. Some species of *Nostoc* that form colonies in freshwater environments provide a habitat to other freshwater bacteria. Additionally, some species like *N. commune* and *N. flageliforme* form relationships with heterotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria present in their environments, likely due to the fact that they are a potential significant player in nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems.

## Usage

### Biotechnological usage

*Nostoc* has been documented to produce many compounds of interest, including those that are antiviral, antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial.

In addition to the suggested pharmaceutical usage, *Nostoc* has also been a suggested biofertilizer, and source of fatty acids for biofuel production.

### Environmental usage

*Nostoc* has the unique ability to survive and colonize new and bare mineral surfaces by moss and other higher plants, which then allows for more organic soil and stable vegetation. It has been suggested that *Nostoc* be used in environments of retreating glaciers in order to establish new and more stable presences of vegetation on newly exposed mineral surfaces.

### Historical and culinary usage

*Nostoc* has historically been utilized as a healthy food and traditional medicine, most notably in Asia Historically, the species *N. flagelliforme* and *N. commune* have been consumed in China, where it was used to survive famines and has been used as an ingredient in Chinese medicine since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Additionally, *Nostoc* has had documented culinary usage in India, Indonesia, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador.

*Nostoc* is also highly nutritious, containing protein and vitamin C, as well as all essential amino acids. It has been suggested to be anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant as well. Because of this, *Nostoc* has also been considered to be a strong candidate for extraterrestrial agriculture.

## Human impact and management

Because of human foot traffic, and contaminated gardening tools and irrigation systems, *Nostoc* is usually found outside of its natural habitat in plant nurseries and greenhouses. A number of different control methods can be effective in removing unwanted *Nostoc* from these environments, including implementing increased drainage in these facilities, physical removal of *Nostoc*, and flame weeders or solarization.

## Taxonomy

*Nostoc* is a member of the family Nostocaceae of the order Nostocales. Species include (see collapsed list on the right for full listing) :

### Citations

### General sources

## InfoBox

| *Nostoc* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Nostoc commune* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Cyanobacteria |
| Class: | Cyanophyceae |
| Order: | Nostocales |
| Family: | Nostocaceae |
| Genus: | *Nostoc*<br>Vaucher, 1888, ex Bornet and Flahaul |
|
| Species | |
| List | |


title: Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides

abstract: Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides is an edible cyanobacterium found in diverse habitats such as lakes and rivers. It is used as a food and nutritional supplement and has reputed pharmaceutical properties.

text:
# Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides

***Nostoc commune* var. *sphaeroides*** is an edible cyanobacterium found in diverse habitats such as lakes and rivers. It is used as a food and nutritional supplement and has reputed pharmaceutical properties.

## InfoBox

| *Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Cyanobacteria |
| Class: | Cyanophyceae |
| Order: | Nostocales |
| Family: | Nostocaceae |
| Genus: | *Nostoc* |
| Species: | *N. commune* |
| Variety: | ***N. c.* var. *sphaeroides*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Nostoc commune* var. *sphaeroides***<br>Kutzing | |


title: Hubert Shirley-Smith

abstract: Sir Hubert Shirley-Smith, CBE, BSc, MICE was a British civil engineer. Shirley-Smith is perhaps most famous for helping to design the Howrah Bridge in Calcutta for the Indian Public Works Department in 1943. He also served in the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, an unpaid, volunteer Territorial Army unit which provides engineering expertise to the British Army and was gazetted as a major of that corps on 6 October 1953 In 1962 he worked as site agent for the ADC bridge company during construction of the Forth Road Bridge. He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from November 1967 to November 1968, during the 150th anniversary of that institution, and was made a Fellow of Imperial College, London in 1966 Shirley-Smith was a consulting engineer and worked for W.V. Zinn & Associates of London from 1969 to 1978. During 1968 Shirley-Smith was president of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering and helped to arrange the first joint-conferences of the Institution of Civil Engineers and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Shirley-Smith was honoured with an appointment as a Knight Bachelor on 1 January 1969 in the Queen's New Year Honours, being knighted by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 7 March 1969. He was appointed a first class engineer member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers in 1969. Shirley-Smith was also an author and wrote The World's Great Bridges and the Encyclopædia Britannica article on bridges. In 1971 he lived in Orpington in Kent. Shirley-Smith died on 10 February 1981.

text:
# Hubert Shirley-Smith

**Sir Hubert Shirley-Smith**, CBE, BSc, MICE (13 October 1901  10 February 1981) was a British civil engineer.

Shirley-Smith is perhaps most famous for helping to design the Howrah Bridge in Calcutta for the Indian Public Works Department in 1943. He also served in the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, an unpaid, volunteer Territorial Army unit which provides engineering expertise to the British Army and was gazetted as a major of that corps on 6 October 1953 In 1962 he worked as site agent for the ADC bridge company during construction of the Forth Road Bridge.

He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from November 1967 to November 1968, during the 150th anniversary of that institution, and was made a Fellow of Imperial College, London in 1966 Shirley-Smith was a consulting engineer and worked for W.V. Zinn & Associates of London from 1969 to 1978. During 1968 Shirley-Smith was president of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering and helped to arrange the first joint-conferences of the Institution of Civil Engineers and the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Shirley-Smith was honoured with an appointment as a Knight Bachelor on 1 January 1969 in the Queen's New Year Honours, being knighted by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 7 March 1969. He was appointed a first class engineer member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers in 1969. Shirley-Smith was also an author and wrote *The World's Great Bridges* and the *Encyclopædia Britannica* article on bridges. In 1971 he lived in Orpington in Kent. Shirley-Smith died on 10 February 1981.

## InfoBox

| Sir Hubert Shirley-Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Hubert Shirley-Smith | |
| Born | 13 October 1901
London, UK |
| Died | 10 February 1981(1981-02-10) (aged 79)
London, UK |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| **Engineering career** | |
| Discipline | Civil |
| Institutions | Institution of Civil Engineers (president),
Imperial College, London (Fellow) |
| Projects | Howrah Bridge, Forth Road Bridge |
|  | |


abstract: North Okaw Township is one of twelve townships in Coles County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,004 and it contained 366 housing units. The Kaskaskia River flows through the township. The Cook Mills Consolidated oil field is within this township. The township changed its name from Okaw Township on May 7, 1860.

text:
# North Okaw Township, Coles County, Illinois

**North Okaw Township** is one of twelve townships in Coles County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,004 and it contained 366 housing units. The Kaskaskia River flows through the township. The Cook Mills Consolidated oil field is within this township. The township changed its name from Okaw Township on May 7, 1860.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 54.41 square miles (140.9 km2), of which 54.37 square miles (140.8 km2) (or 99.93%) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (or 0.07%) is water.

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains five cemeteries: Brann, Mount Zion, Pleasant Grove, Smith and Zoar.

### Major highways

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 1,004 people, 447 households, and 357 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.45 inhabitants per square mile (7.12/km2). There were 366 housing units at an average density of 6.72 units per square mile (2.59 units/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.01% White, 0.20% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.

There were 447 households, out of which 41.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.72% were married couples living together, 5.15% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 20.13% were non-families. 20.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.30 and the average family size was 3.83.

The township's age distribution consisted of 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 19.2% from 25 to 44, 23% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 69.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 59.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $64,375, and the median income for a family was $64,514. Males had a median income of $49,960 versus $38,587 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,113. About 29.4% of families and 27.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.1% of those under age 18 and 30.3% of those age 65 or over.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 983 |  |  |
| 2020 | 1,004 |  | 2.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## School districts

## Political districts

* "North Okaw Township, Coles County, Illinois". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
* United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
* United States National Atlas

## Adjacent townships

## InfoBox

| North Okaw Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Coles County | |
| Coles County's location in Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 39°35′N 88°25′W / 39.583°N 88.417°W / 39.583; -88.417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Coles |
| Established | November 8, 1859 |
| Area | |
| Total | 54.41 sq mi (140.9 km2) |
| Land | 54.37 sq mi (140.8 km2) |
| Water | 0.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)  0.07% |
| Elevation | 653 ft (199 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,004 |
| Density | 18/sq mi (7.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 61910, 61911, 61931, 61938, 61951 |
| FIPS code | 17-029-54014 |


title: HummingBirdSoft

abstract: HummingBirdSoft (ハミングバードソフト) was a Japanese video game developer. The company was established in 1982 as a real estate agent, but in 1983 began to develop video games. The company heavily participated in the Disk Original Group, a collective publishing house for Famicom Disk System games headed by Square. Many of HummingBirdSoft's games are either traditional role-playing video games or adventure games, although they also developed a couple of pinball video games. While none of their games were published in North America, some have been unofficially translated by fans.

text:
# HummingBirdSoft

**HummingBirdSoft** (ハミングバードソフト) was a Japanese video game developer. The company was established in 1982 as a real estate agent, but in 1983 began to develop video games. The company heavily participated in the Disk Original Group, a collective publishing house for Famicom Disk System games headed by Square. Many of HummingBirdSoft's games are either traditional role-playing video games or adventure games, although they also developed a couple of pinball video games. While none of their games were published in North America, some have been unofficially translated by fans.

## Games


title: Hung Tzu-kuei

abstract: Hung Tzu-kuei is a Taiwanese footballer who currently plays as a defender for Taiwanese club CPC Corporation and the Chinese Taipei national football team.

text:
# Hung Tzu-kuei

**Hung Tzu-kuei** (Chinese: 洪子貴; born 1 June 1993) is a Taiwanese footballer who currently plays as a defender for Taiwanese club CPC Corporation and the Chinese Taipei national football team.

## Life and club career

Hung is of Paiwan background. He studied at Kaohsiung's Alian Junior High School and Lujhu Senior High. After leaving school, he joined the army for family reason, even though he was offered a place at the National Taiwan University of Sport. However, he decided that the army life is not for him, and returned to study at the University and joined the football team of the university.

He joined Taichung Futuro in 2019.

## International career

Hung had been previously selected for U19 national team.

Hung made his senior international debut for Chinese Taipei on October 8, 2016, in a 2019 Asian Cup qualifying play-off match against Timor-Leste.

## InfoBox

Hung Tzu-kuei
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1993-06-01) 1 June 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Taichung, Taiwan | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | CPC Corporation | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2015–2019 | Hasus TSU |  |  |
| 2019–2020 | Taichung Futuro | 41 | (4) |
| 2021– | CPC Corporation | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2016– | Chinese Taipei | 14 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 28 August 2019 | | | |


title: Notaticus

abstract:
Notaticus is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae and the only genus in the tribe Aubehydrini. The genus is distributed in the lowland tropical areas of South America from Venezuela to Bolivia. The genus contains these two species:
  - Notaticus fasciatus Zimmermann, 1928
  - Notaticus obscurus García & Navarro, 2001

text:
# Notaticus

***Notaticus*** is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae and the only genus in the tribe Aubehydrini. The genus is distributed in the lowland tropical areas of South America from Venezuela to Bolivia. The genus contains these two species:

## InfoBox

| *Notaticus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Adephaga |
| Family: | Dytiscidae |
| Genus: | ***Notaticus***<br>Zimmermann, 1928 |
|


title: Notation3

abstract: Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008. N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.

text:
# Notation3

**Notation3**, or **N3** as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.

N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.

## Examples

The following is an RDF model in standard XML notation:

```
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn">
    <dc:title>Tony Benn</dc:title>
    <dc:publisher>Wikipedia</dc:publisher>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

```

may be written in Notation3 like this:

```
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn>
  dc:title "Tony Benn";
  dc:publisher "Wikipedia".

```

This N3 code above would also be in valid Turtle syntax.

## Comparison of Notation3, Turtle, and N-Triples

| Feature | | Notation3 | Turtle | N-Triples |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Character encoding | | UTF-8 | | ASCII |
| Directives | `@base` |  |  |  |
| | `@forAll` |  |  |  |
| | `@forSome` |  |  |  |
| | `@keywords` |  |  |  |
| | `@prefix` |  |  |  |
| Lists |
| | `()` (DAML lists) |  |  |  |
| | `<nowiki>{ … }</nowiki>` (statement lists) |  |  |  |
| Literals | `true` / `false`
(Boolean) |  |  |  |
| | `xsd:decimal`
(decimal arbitrary length) |  |  |  |
| | `xsd:double`
(decimal double) |  |  |  |
| | `xsd:integer`
(decimal integer) |  |  |  |
| Syntactic sugar | RDF paths |  |  |  |
| | QNames |  |  |  |
| | `a`/`@a` (equiv. to `rdf:type`) |  |  |  |
| | `[]` (shorthand for blank node) |  |  |  |
| | `<nowiki>=</nowiki>>` (*x* implies *y*) |  |  |  |
| | `<<nowiki>=</nowiki>` (*y* implies *x*) |  |  |  |
| | `<nowiki>=</nowiki>` (*x* is equivalent to *y*) |  |  |  |
| | `,` (repeat object in list) |  |  |  |
| | `;` (repeat subject/verb in list) |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

Notation3
| Filename extension | .n3 |
| --- | --- |
| Internet media type | text/n3;charset=utf-8 |
| Developed by | Tim Berners-Lee |
| Type of format | semantic web |
| Container for | RDF data |
| Standard | n3 |
| Website | www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/ |


title: Norway Corporation

abstract: Norway Corporation also called Norway Productions, Inc., is a motion picture and television production company established by Gene Roddenberry in 1959. Norway Corporation is best known for having been the production company that brought Star Trek to television on the NBC network in association with Desilu Studios, which later became part of Paramount Television.

text:
# Norway Corporation

**Norway Corporation** also called **Norway Productions, Inc.,** is a motion picture and television production company established by Gene Roddenberry in 1959. Norway Corporation is best known for having been the production company that brought *Star Trek* to television on the NBC network in association with Desilu Studios, which later became part of Paramount Television.

## History

Gene Roddenberry decided to become a producer as a direct result of his frustrations with his work as a television writer and the difficulty he faced in adding anything substantial to his stories. On February 13, 1959, he incorporated the company in California. According to the entry for Norway Corporation on the Audiovisual Identity Database (AVID), Norway was the name of the street Roddenberry lived on when he was growing up. *The Lieutenant,* a 1963-1964 NBC and MGM Television series about the United States Marine Corps that starred Gary Lockwood as Lieutenant William Rice, was the first series he created and produced. Several future cast members of *Star Trek* first worked with Roddenberry as regular or guest cast members of *The Lieutenant.* As of August 1993 the president and secretary of the company was Lewi M. Overton, Jr., but by April 12, 1994, the company restated its articles of incorporation and listed Majel Roddenberry (Gene's widow) as those same officers. As of 2023, the chief executive officer of Norway was Eugene Roddenberry, Jr., Gene's son.

## *Star Trek*

Roddenberry developed his idea for *Star Trek* while working on *The Lieutenant.* Desilu's vice president of production, Herbert F. Solow, purchased the series concept and made a production deal with Roddenberry in April 1964. Roddenberry pitched the show as *"Wagon Train* in space," even though it owed more to C. S. Forrester's writings about Horatio Hornblower than to any western.

Having lost money on a series of failed pilots over the course of the early 1960s, Desilu had become severely cash-poor and was desperate to regain its past success. Although NBC rejected the first pilot, its executives were impressed favorably enough to commission an unprecedented second pilot, which the network picked up for the 1966–67 season. *Star Trek* premiered on September 8, 1966. *Star Trek's* end credits listed the show as "A Desilu Production in association with Norway Corporation" for the entire first season, followed by the credit "Executive in charge of production, Herbert F. Solow." But when Desilu and Paramount merged midway through the second season, this became "A *Paramount* Production in association with Norway Corporation," which was how it stayed for the remainder of the program's run. In the third season, the end credit "Douglas S. Cramer, Executive Vice President in charge of production" followed this listing.

*Star Trek* suffered from declining ratings throughout its three-year run; from the premiere to the final episode, *Star Trek's* ratings had dropped more than fifty percent. Before production began on the third season of *Star Trek,* Roddenberry had offered to demote himself to the position of line producer and personally supervise production of the show. In return, he wanted NBC to move the series to Monday nights at 7:30 PM. But at the last minute, mainly because George Schlatter would not allow *Rowan & Martin's "Laugh-In"* to be rescheduled from its then-current 8:00 PM time slot to 8:30 PM, NBC decided to move the show back to Friday nights at 10:00 PM, then considered a "suicide slot" for television programming, and Roddenberry, almost completely burned out from his struggles with both the network and the studio, effectively completely resigned from the series.

## *Star Trek: The Animated Series*

In 1972, Roddenberry was approached by Filmation Studios about the possibility of an animated version of *Star Trek* for Saturday mornings. Premiering on NBC in 1973, *Star Trek: The Animated Series* was a joint production of Norway Corporation, Filmation Associates, and Paramount Television. Roddenberry delegated most production chores to D.C. Fontana, who was credited as associate producer-story editor. The overall approach to the *Animated Series* proceeded with storytelling in the same style that Norway Corporation had with the original live-action production. Roddenberry, however, later stated that little of the *Animated Series* actually counted towards canon for *Star Trek**,* a statement some fans have disputed.

## After *Star Trek*

Roddenberry created several other science-fiction television series concepts, often produced through Norway Corporation. Five of these concepts had pilot films produced; none, however, were picked up for series production. These pilots were:

Of the five, *Genesis II,* *Planet Earth,* and *Spectre* were credited as being produced by Norway Corporation.

Some sources have credited Norway Corporation as having produced *Star Trek: The Motion Picture* and *Star Trek: The Next Generation*. Although Roddenberry served as Executive Producer on both the film and series, there is no evidence that he did so using Norway Corporation as his production company.


title: Michael J. Welsh (biologist)

abstract: Michael James Welsh is an American pulmonologist. He is the current Roy J. Carver Chair in Biomedical Research, the Professor of Internal Medicine in Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine at the Department of Internal Medicine, and the Director of Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa. He is also a professor at the Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics. He received the 2022 Shaw Prize in Life science and Medicine, together with Paul A. Negulescu, for their work that uncovered the etiology of cystic fibrosis and developed effective medications.

text:
# Michael J. Welsh (biologist)

**Michael James Welsh** is an American pulmonologist. He is the current Roy J. Carver Chair in Biomedical Research, the Professor of Internal Medicine in Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine at the Department of Internal Medicine, and the Director of Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa. He is also a professor at the Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics. He received the 2022 Shaw Prize in Life science and Medicine, together with Paul A. Negulescu, for their work that uncovered the etiology of cystic fibrosis and developed effective medications.

## Early life and education

Welsh was born and raised in Marshalltown, Iowa, and went to Loras College in Dubuque. He has 3 siblings. He obtained his BSc from the University of Iowa, then his MD from College of Medicine of the same university (now the Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine) in 1974. He completed his residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, during which the attending physicians supervising him induced his interest in research.

## Career

After his residency, Welsh spent 3 years at the University of California, San Francisco and then University of Texas Medical School at Houston as a research fellow, returning to the University of Iowa in 1981 and becoming an assistant professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, eventually promoted to Professor of Internal Medicine and Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics.

Welsh was the President of the American Society for Clinical Investigation between 1996 and 1997, and has been the President of the Association of American Physicians. Currently, Welsh is an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (since 1989) and sits on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Harrington Discovery Institute at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.

## Research

Welsh's research centered on cystic fibrosis, specifically the CFTR protein, an ion channel that allows chloride ions to pass through. His studies helped answer questions about why defects in the protein emerge and how these defects affect the protein's function. In 1989, Lap-Chee Tsui, Francis Collins, and their team discovered the gene that encodes the CFTR protein and found that changes in the protein caused cystic fibrosis. Welsh's group discovered in 1991 that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel, meaning it allows chloride ions to pass through cell membrane. The same year, his group reported how the activity of the CFTR protein could be regulated. He later categorized the four classes of CFTR mutations that are still in use today in an expanded format. Crucially, Welsh and his group found that when the CFTR protein contains F508del mutation, the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis patients, it could be transported to the cell surface under low temperature but not at body temperature. His study also showed F508del-mutated CFTR protein can function properly if it reached cell surface, paving the way for cystic fibrosis therapies. In recent years, Welsh has developed animal models of cystic fibrosis, most notably in pigs, allowing for the study of the disease in an *in vivo* setting.

## Personal life

Welsh married twice. He met his first wife, who died in 2006 from cancer, when she was a college student. They had 3 children. Welsh married his second wife in 2013.

## Honors and awards

## InfoBox

| Michael J. Welsh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Michael James Welsh
Marshalltown, Iowa |
| Education | University of Iowa (BSc, MD) |
| Known for | Research of cystic fibrosis |
| Awards | Warren Alpert Foundation Prize (2018)
George M. Kober Medal (2020)
Shaw Prize in Life Science & Medicine (2022)
Wiley Prize (2023) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Pulmonology |
| Institutions | University of California, San Francisco
University of Texas
University of Iowa
Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
|  | |


title: The Orchids of the Philippines

abstract: Orchids of the Philippines is a book by Jim Cootes which was the first to document all existing Filipino orchid species.

text:
# The Orchids of the Philippines

***Orchids of the Philippines*** is a book by Jim Cootes which was the first to document all existing Filipino orchid species.

## History

Jim Cootes is an Australian orchid enthusiast who is the foremost expert on orchids of the Philippines. He did field work in the Philippines from 1997 and 2000 as part of his research for the book. The book is an important guide for researchers, orchid collectors and botanists in the field of endemic orchid species.

## InfoBox

Orchids of the philippines
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jim Cootes |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Nonfiction |
| Publisher | Timber Press, Incorporated |
| Publication date | 2001 |
| Publication place | Philippines |