abstract: Międzylesie is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Borne Sulinowo, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, and 126 km (78 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, 1648-1945 Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Międzylesie, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Międzylesie** \[mjɛnd͡zɨˈlɛɕɛ\] (German: *Gut Alt Bärbaum*) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Borne Sulinowo, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, and 126 km (78 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, 1648-1945 Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see *History of Pomerania*.

## InfoBox

| Międzylesie | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Międzylesie | |
| Coordinates: 53°37′13″N 16°26′31″E / 53.62028°N 16.44194°E / 53.62028; 16.44194 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Szczecinek |
| Gmina | Borne Sulinowo |


title: Międzylesie, Świebodzin County

abstract: Międzylesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skąpe, within Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Skąpe, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Świebodzin, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and 68 km (42 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

text:
# Międzylesie, Świebodzin County

**Międzylesie** \[mjɛnd͡zɨˈlɛɕɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skąpe, within Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Skąpe, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Świebodzin, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and 68 km (42 mi) south of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

## InfoBox

| Międzylesie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Międzylesie | |
| Coordinates: 52°8′N 15°22′E / 52.133°N 15.367°E / 52.133; 15.367 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lubusz |
| County | Świebodzin |
| Gmina | Skąpe |
| Population | 189 |


title: Glaphyria potentalis

abstract: Glaphyria potentalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Panama and Costa Rica.

text:
# Glaphyria potentalis

***Glaphyria potentalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Panama and Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Glaphyria potentalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Glaphyria* |
| Species: | ***G. potentalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Glaphyria potentalis***<br>(Dyar, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scybalista potentalis* Dyar, 1914 | |


title: Giuseppe Gamba

abstract: Giuseppe Gamba was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and an archbishop of Turin.

text:
# Giuseppe Gamba

| Styles of
**Giuseppe Gamba** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Turin |

**Giuseppe Gamba** (25 April 1857  26 December 1929) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and an archbishop of Turin.

## Biography

### Early life and ministry

Giuseppe Gamba was born in Asti, Italy and was educated at the local Seminary of Asti. He was ordained on 18 September 1880 and did pastoral work and served as the vicar general of the diocese of Asti from 1883 until 1901.

### Episcopate

He was appointed as Bishop of Biella on 16 December 1901 by Pope Leo XIII. He was transferred to the see of Novara on 13 August 1906, where he remained until he was promoted to the metropolitan see of Turin on 20 December 1923.

### Cardinalate

He was created Cardinal-Priest of *Santa Maria sopra Minerva* by Pope Pius XI in the consistory of 20 December 1926. He died in 1929 after being a cardinal for only three years.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Giuseppe Gamba | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal, Archbishop of Turin | |
|  | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Turin |
| See | Turin |
| Appointed | 20 December 1923 |
| Term ended | 26 December 1929 |
| Predecessor | Agostino Richelmy |
| Successor | Maurilio Fossati |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria sopra Minerva (1926-29) |
| Previous post(s) |  |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 18 September 1880
by Carlo Savio |
| Consecration | 23 February 1902
by Giacinto Arcangeli |
| Created cardinal | 20 December 1926
by Pope Pius XI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Giuseppe Gamba
25 April 1857
San Damiano d'Asti, Asti, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia |
| Died | 26 December 1929(1929-12-26) (aged 72)
Turin, Kingdom of Italy |
| Alma mater | Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare |
| Motto | *Dirige in conspectus tuo viam meam* |


title: Un camino hacia el destino

abstract: Un camino hacia el destino is a Mexican telenovela produced by Nathalie Lartilleux for Televisa. It is based on the Mexican telenovela La hija del jardinero, which was produced in 2003 by TV Azteca. The series stars Paulina Goto as "Luisa Fernanda" and Horacio Pancheri as "Carlos".

text:
# Un camino hacia el destino

***Un camino hacia el destino*** (English: *Road To Destiny*) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Nathalie Lartilleux for Televisa. It is based on the Mexican telenovela *La hija del jardinero*, which was produced in 2003 by TV Azteca.

The series stars Paulina Goto as "Luisa Fernanda" and Horacio Pancheri as "Carlos".

## Synopsis

Luisa Fernanda Pérez, a beautiful, 18-year-old student, has two passions: mastering the violin and gardening, a skill she learned from her father, Pedro, the former groundskeeper of the wealthy Altamirano family's estate. A chance encounter with destiny alters her life after she is injured in a car accident caused by Luis (her biological father), a playboy lawyer and falls for his stepson, Carlos, an attractive, young doctor treating her at the local hospital.

## Cast

### Main

#### Secondary

### Guest starts

* Rebeca Manríquez as Hermana Rosaura Pérez
* Alejandro Ruiz as Solórzano
* Arturo Farfán as Apolinar

## Background and casting process

Producer Nathalie Lartilleux's plans for a new telenovela were revealed in the spring of 2015. Goto confirmed in an interview that *Un camino hacia el destino* is not a remake of *La hija del jardinero*. Instead, it is based on some elements from the original telenovela. Casting for the telenovela began in late October 2015 where Paulina Goto auditioned for the lead role of "Luisa Fernanda". Goto took violin lessons for her role before production began on the program. Her casting in the telenovela was announced days later on November 6, 2015. Argentine actor, Horacio Pancheri, was later cast in the lead male role. Eugenia Cauduro and René Strickler were both confirmed for the telenovela in mid-November. The opening theme song of the telenovela is performed by Paulina Goto.

### Filming

Production on the telenovela began on November 23, 2015 on location in Villa Victoria, a town located outside Mexico City. Additional scenes are filmed in Mexico City and at Televisa San Ángel. The cast also filmed several scenes in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico in mid-February 2016.

### Promotion

On January 19, 2016, a private press event for the telenovela was held at Televisa San Ángel. A trailer featuring new scenes was also presented, and the principal cast and crew members were officially introduced to the media. Goto played the violin with an orchestra and sang the telenovela's theme song, "Mi camino eres tú". The event was streamed live on the telenovela's official website.

## Broadcast

The series premiered on January 25, 2016, in Mexico on El Canal de las Estrellas and currently airs weeknights. On February 23, 2016, it began airing weeknights in United States on Univision. Its premiere episode on Univision was watched by 2,086,000 viewers. The last episode was broadcast in August 29, 2016

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Kids Choice Awards México | TV Favorite Actor | Horacio Pancheri | Won |
| | | TV Favorite Actress | Paulina Goto | Nominated |
| | | TV Favorite program or series | *Un camino hacia el destino* | Nominated |
| 2017 | 35th TVyNovelas Awards | Best Telenovela of the Year | Nathalie Lartilleux | Nominated |
| | | Best Leading Actress | Patricia Reyes Spíndola | Nominated |
| | | Best Co-lead Actress | Eugenia Cauduro | Nominated |
| | | Best Supporting Actress | Arcelia Ramírez | Nominated |
| | | Best Musical Theme | "Mi camino eres tú" | Nominated |
| | | Best Original Story or Adaptation | *Un camino hacia el destino* | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

| *Un camino hacia el destino* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Telenovela |
| Written by | * María Antonieta Galú Gutiérrez * Anthony Martínez * Dolores Ortegas |
| Story by | Mariela Romero |
| Directed by | * Jesús Acuña Lee * Adrián Frutos * Guido Sánchez * Víctor Rodríguez |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | * Jorge Eduardo Murguía * Mauricio Arriaga |
| Opening theme | "Mi camino eres tú" performed by Paulina Goto |
| Country of origin | Mexico |
| Original language | Spanish |
| No. of episodes | 125 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Nathalie Lartilleux |
| Producer | Leticia Díaz |
| Production locations |  |
| Editors | * Alfredo Frutos Maza * Marcos Rocha Maza |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Production company | Televisa |
| Original release | |
| Network | Canal de las Estrellas |
| Release | January 25 (2016-01-25) <br>July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Global Education Network Europe

abstract: The Global Education Network Europe (GENE) is the European network of ministries, agencies and other national bodies responsible for support, funding and policy-making in the field of global education. Started in 2001 with 6 national structures, GENE has grown to include structures from 25 countries leading the provision of global education in Europe, with combined annual budgets in excess of 150 million Euro.

text:
# Global Education Network Europe

The **Global Education Network Europe** (**GENE**) is the European network of ministries, agencies and other national bodies responsible for support, funding and policy-making in the field of global education. Started in 2001 with 6 national structures, GENE has grown to include structures from 25 countries leading the provision of global education in Europe, with combined annual budgets in excess of 150 million Euro.

## Definition

Global education can be defined as:

> ... *education that opens people’s eyes and minds to the realities of the world, and awakens them to bring about a world of greater justice, equity and human rights for all. GE is understood to encompass Development Education, Human Rights Education, Education for Sustainability, Education for Peace and Conflict Prevention and Intercultural Education; being the global dimensions of Education for Citizenship*.

## Goals

The purpose of GENE is to support national structures in their work of improving the quality and increasing the provision of global education in Europe. GENE does this through networking and regular round table discussions, through peer learning and policy research, and through the development of national strategies.

Aims of GENE:

* To share experience and strategies among existing and emerging national structures, in order to inform best practice nationally and provide mutual support and learning.
* To disseminate learning from the participating countries to other countries in Europe, so that structures for Global Education subsequently emerging will learn from this experience, and so that, eventually, all countries in Europe might have national co-ordinating structures for the increase and improvement of global education.
* To develop and pursue a common European agenda on strengthening global education.

The overarching aim of GENEs work is to improve the quality and provision of global education in Europe. The ultimate benchmark towards which GENE works is towards the day when all people in Europe will have access to quality global education. GENE achieves this through networking of national strategies, through peer learning, and through common projects, bilateral exchange and capacity building.

## Participating Ministries and Agencies

### Austria

* ADA, Austrian Development Agency
* Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, Austria
* KommEnt

### Belgium

* FPS Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation
* Enabel – Belgian Development Agency

### Bulgaria

* Ministry of Education and Science

### Czech Republic

* Czech Development Agency

### Estonia

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Ministry for Education and Research
* Estonian National Commission for UNESCO

### Finland

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
* EDUFI

### France

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Development Cooperation
* AFD – French Development Agency

### Germany

* Engagement Global

### Greece

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Ministry of National Education, Research and Religion

### Hungary

* Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade

### Ireland

* Irish Aid, Department of Foreign Affairs
* Department of Education and Skills

### Latvia

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Ministry of Education and Science

### Lithuania

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Lithuanian Children and Youth Centre

### Luxembourg

* Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs

### Malta

* Ministry for Education and Employment
* Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade Promotion
* Education Malta Foundation

### Montenegro

* Ministry of Education

### Norway

* RORG Network

### Poland

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Ministry of National Education

### Portugal

* Instituto Camões
* Directorate-General for Education – Ministry of Education
* CIDAC

### Slovak Republic

* Slovak Aid

### Slovenia

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* Ministry of Education, Science and Sport

### Serbia

* Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development

### Spain

* AECID
* Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports

### Sweden

* Swedish Council for Higher Education

### United Kingdom

* Dfid

## European global education peer review process

In 2002 the Maastricht Declaration identified the desirability of developing a system of peer review for global education in Europe. Following a 2003 feasibility study, the "European Global Education Peer Review Process" was established to increase and improve the provision of global education in Europe. GENE and the North-South Centre worked closely together to develop this process.

The European Global Education Peer Review Process has, since late 2005, been facilitated by GENE, through its secretariat. The funding for the process and the peer review expertise has been provided by GENE participants.

The key aim of the Europe-wide process is to increase and improve support for, access to, and the impact of global education in European countries. National reports, and the peer review processes leading to them, act as both a tool to enhance quality and impact nationally, and a mechanism for international comparative analysis, benchmarking and policy making.

## National reports

To date 13 peer reviews have taken place. Estonia (2019), Cyprus (2017), Belgium (2016), Ireland (2015), Portugal (2013–14), Slovakia (2013–14), Norway (2009–10), Poland (2009–10), the Czech Republic (2008), Austria (2006), the Netherlands (2005), Finland (late 2004), and Cyprus (pilot review, early 2004). The first Global Education National Report, on Cyprus, was published in early 2004 as a pilot review being part of the initial feasibility study.


title: Mauritz Pousette

abstract: Mauritz Pousette was a Swedish actor.

text:
# Mauritz Pousette

**Mauritz Pousette** (1 July 1824 – 27 February 1883) was a Swedish actor.

## Biography

Mauritz Constantin Pousette was the son of the jeweler Carl Anders Pousette (1792–1873) and Carolina Sophia Sundberg (1794–1859).

Pousette was hired by court secretaries Berggren, P. Deland and Stjernström. He had his own company together with Oscar Andersson and Wilhelm Åhman 1863–1867 in the countryside and at Humlegårdsteatern in Stockholm. He was involved with the Mindre teatern in Stockholm and the New Theater in Gothenburg 1867–1874 and at the New Theater in Stockholm 1874–1883. Among the roles he played are Carl IX in *Bartholomeinatten*, Ingomar in *Skogens son*, Posa in *Don Carlos*, Narcisse Rameau, Erasmus Montanus, Carl II in *Don Cesar de Bazano* and Gaston in *Klädeshandlaren och hans måg*.

He was first married to the actress Charlotte Pousette (1832–1877) and then to the actress Johanna Vilhelmina “Mina” Hagelin (1849–1929). He had a daughter Cecilia Constance Amalia Sofia Pousette (1863–1928), who became a teacher, and a son Mauritz Ingemar Pousette (1881–1952), who became an engineer.

He died on 27 February 1883 in Hedvig Eleonora Parish in Stockholm.

## Theater

### Roles (incomplete)

| Year | Role | Production | Theater |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1875 | Byggmästare Jacobsen | *En fallit*
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | Swedish Theater |
| | Gil Perez | *Farinelli eller Kungen och sångaren*
Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges, Auguste Pittaud de Forges och Adolphe de Leuven | Swedish Theater |
| |  | *Tadelskolan*
Richard Brinsley Sheridan | Swedish Theater |
| | Peder Stolpe | *Siri Brahe och Johan Gyllenstierna*
Gustav III | Swedish Theater |
| 1876 | Axel Oxenstierna | *Drottning Christina*
Jeanette Stjernström | Swedish Theater |
| | Gustav II Adolf | *Regina von Emmeritz*
Zacharias Topelius och August Söderman | Swedish Theater |
| | Informatorn | *Amors genistreck*
Henrik Hertz | Swedish Theater |
| | Amtmannen | *De nygifta*
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | Swedish Theater |
| |  | *I Sverige 1676*
Louise Stjernström | Swedish Theater |
| 1877 | Kapten Örn | *De oförsonlige*
Ernst Lundquist | Swedish Theater |
| | Doktor Tholosan | *Många vänner, lite vänskap*
Victorien Sardou | Swedish Theater |

## InfoBox

| Mauritz Pousette | |
| --- | --- |
| Mauritz Pousette in 1863 | |
| Born | Charlotte Nordgren
(1824-07-01)1 July 1824
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 27 February 1883(1883-02-27) (aged 58) |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1851–1876 |
| Spouse(s) | Charlotte Pousette
Johanna Vilhelmina “Mina” Hagelin |


title: Mendelssohn Inlet

abstract: Mendelssohn Inlet is an ice-filled inlet, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and 9 nautical miles (17 km) wide, situated between Derocher Peninsula and Eroica Peninsula on the north side of Beethoven Peninsula, in the southwest part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The inlet was first sighted from the air and roughly mapped by the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41, and was resighted and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48. It was remapped from the RARE photos by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after German composer Felix Mendelssohn.

text:
# Mendelssohn Inlet

**Mendelssohn Inlet** (71°17′S 72°52′W / 71.283°S 72.867°W / -71.283; -72.867) is an ice-filled inlet, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and 9 nautical miles (17 km) wide, situated between Derocher Peninsula and Eroica Peninsula on the north side of Beethoven Peninsula, in the southwest part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The inlet was first sighted from the air and roughly mapped by the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41, and was resighted and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48. It was remapped from the RARE photos by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after German composer Felix Mendelssohn.

## Further reading

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mendelssohn Inlet". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


abstract: A tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control system generates target position, speed, direction, and rate of target range change, by computing these parameters directly from measured data. The target's range, height and observed bearing data are fed into a computer which uses the measured change in range, height and bearing from successive observations of the target to compute the true range, direction, speed and rate of climb or descent of the target. The computer then calculates the required elevation and bearing of the AA guns to hit the target based upon its predicted movement. The computers were at first entirely mechanical analog computers utilizing gears and levers to physically perform the calculations of protractors and slide rules, using moving graph charts and markers to provide an estimate of speed and position. Variation of target position over time was accomplished with constant-drive motors to run the mechanical simulation. The term tachymetric should more properly be spelled as "tachometric" which comes from the Greek "takhos" = speed, and "metric" = measure, hence tachometric, to measure speed. An alternative, non-tachometric, gonometric method of AA prediction is for specially trained observers to estimate the course and speed of the target manually and feed these estimates, along with the measured bearing and range data, into the AA fire control computer which then generates change of bearing rate and change of range data, and passes them back to the observer, typically by a "follow the pointer", indicator of predicted target elevation and bearing or by remote power control of the observer's optical instruments. The observer then corrects the estimate, creating a feed back loop, by comparing the observed target motion against the computer generated motion of his optical sights. When the sights stay on the target, the estimated speed, range, and change of rate data can be considered correct. An example of tachometric AA fire control would be the USN Mk 37 system. The early RN High Angle Control System (HACS) I through IV and the early Fuze Keeping Clock (FKC) were examples of non-tachometric systems. By 1940 the RN was adding a Gyro Rate Unit (GRU) which fed bearing and elevation data to a Gyro Rate Unit Box computer (GRUB), which also received ranging data to calculate target speed and direction directly, and this tachometric data was then fed directly to the HACS fire control computer, converting the HACS into a tachometric system.

text:
# Tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control system

A **tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control system** generates target position, speed, direction, and rate of target range change, by computing these parameters directly from measured data. The target's range, height and observed bearing data are fed into a computer which uses the measured change in range, height and bearing from successive observations of the target to compute the true range, direction, speed and rate of climb or descent of the target. The computer then calculates the required elevation and bearing of the AA guns to hit the target based upon its predicted movement.

The computers were at first entirely mechanical analog computers utilizing gears and levers to physically perform the calculations of protractors and slide rules, using moving graph charts and markers to provide an estimate of speed and position. Variation of target position over time was accomplished with constant-drive motors to run the mechanical simulation.

The term tachymetric should more properly be spelled as "tachometric" which comes from the Greek "takhos" = speed, and "metric" = measure, hence tachometric, to measure speed.

An alternative, non-tachometric, gonometric method of AA prediction is for specially trained observers to estimate the course and speed of the target manually and feed these estimates, along with the measured bearing and range data, into the AA fire control computer which then generates change of bearing rate and change of range data, and passes them back to the observer, typically by a "follow the pointer", indicator of predicted target elevation and bearing or by remote power control of the observer's optical instruments. The observer then corrects the estimate, creating a feed back loop, by comparing the observed target motion against the computer generated motion of his optical sights. When the sights stay on the target, the estimated speed, range, and change of rate data can be considered correct.

An example of tachometric AA fire control would be the USN Mk 37 system. The early RN High Angle Control System (HACS) I through IV and the early Fuze Keeping Clock (FKC) were examples of non-tachometric systems.

By 1940 the RN was adding a Gyro Rate Unit (GRU) which fed bearing and elevation data to a Gyro Rate Unit Box computer (GRUB), which also received ranging data to calculate target speed and direction directly, and this tachometric data was then fed directly to the HACS fire control computer, converting the HACS into a tachometric system.


title: Hailun

abstract: Hailun is a city in west-central Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Administratively, it is a county-level city under Suihua City.

text:
# Hailun

**Hailun** (simplified Chinese: 海伦; traditional Chinese: 海倫; pinyin: *Hǎilún*) is a city in west-central Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Administratively, it is a county-level city under Suihua City.

## History

### Before the Qing dynasty

Hailun was one of the earliest centrally governed counties in Heilongjiang Province. The city was named after the Hailun River, which runs through it. The name Hailun is a variation of a Manchu word that sounds like "kailing", which means "otter". This name was chosen due to the abundance of otters inhabiting the nearby river. The area around Hailun was initially ruled by the Manchu people and was administrated from Hulan City for much of the Manchu Qing dynasty.

### Qing dynasty

By 1885 (the eleventh ruling year of the Emperor Guangxu of the Qing dynasty), Hailun was administrated by the prefecture-level city of Suihua. In 1898, the Tongken Deputy Metropolitan Government was established, and the territory of Hailun County was placed under its jurisdiction. The Tongken Deputy Metropolitan Government was dissolved in 1906.

### Republic of China

In 1912, Republic of China's first year in power, Hailun Prefecture was renamed to Hailun County. In 1932, following the Japanese annexation of Manchuria, Hailun County was absorbed into the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. On August 15, 1945, Manchukuo was liberated by the Soviet Red Army, and the puppet state was disestablished. The region was then handed over to the People’s Liberation Army under Mao Zedong. Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the People's Government was established in Manchuria in November 1945. Hailun County was under the direct jurisdiction of the CCP and the PLA until the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

### People's Republic of China

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Hailun County has been under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province. On December 23, 1989, the State Council approved the renaming of Hailun County to Hailun City (county level).The name change did not affect the administrative jurisdiction under the city, and it was still governed through the Suihua District. On January 11, 1990, the area was officially renamed.

## Geography and climate

Hailun is located on the Songnen Plain with the Lesser Khingan mountain range to the west. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 46° 58' to 47° 52' N, and in longitude from 126° 14' to 127° 45' E.

Hailun has a humid continental climate (Köppen: *Dwb*), with long, cold, and dry winters and humid, warm summers. The daily mean temperature in January, the coldest month, is −21.1 °C (−6.0 °F). The daily mean temperature in July, the warmest month, is 21.9 °C (71.4 °F). The average annual temperature of Hailun is +2.48 °C (36.5 °F). Nearly two-thirds of the annual precipitation falls between June and August. With percent possible sunshine ranging from 53% in July to 71% in February, the city receives 2,680 hours of sunshine annually.

| Climate data for Hailun (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −0.5
(31.1) | 6.0
(42.8) | 19.1
(66.4) | 28.3
(82.9) | 33.0
(91.4) | 38.0
(100.4) | 36.6
(97.9) | 35.4
(95.7) | 32.5
(90.5) | 24.7
(76.5) | 13.5
(56.3) | 3.4
(38.1) | 38.0
(100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −16.0
(3.2) | −9.8
(14.4) | 0.3
(32.5) | 11.7
(53.1) | 20.3
(68.5) | 25.4
(77.7) | 26.9
(80.4) | 25.1
(77.2) | 20.0
(68.0) | 10.3
(50.5) | −3.1
(26.4) | −13.9
(7.0) | 8.1
(46.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −21.0
(−5.8) | −15.7
(3.7) | −5.3
(22.5) | 5.7
(42.3) | 14.0
(57.2) | 19.8
(67.6) | 22.2
(72.0) | 20.1
(68.2) | 13.9
(57.0) | 4.6
(40.3) | −8.0
(17.6) | −18.5
(−1.3) | 2.7
(36.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −25.6
(−14.1) | −21.3
(−6.3) | −11.0
(12.2) | −0.2
(31.6) | 7.6
(45.7) | 14.3
(57.7) | 17.7
(63.9) | 15.6
(60.1) | 8.3
(46.9) | −0.4
(31.3) | −12.4
(9.7) | −22.8
(−9.0) | −2.5
(27.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −40.3
(−40.5) | −36.6
(−33.9) | −32.0
(−25.6) | −16.0
(3.2) | −7.9
(17.8) | 2.4
(36.3) | 7.1
(44.8) | 3.1
(37.6) | −5.0
(23.0) | −19.1
(−2.4) | −31.1
(−24.0) | −37.2
(−35.0) | −40.3
(−40.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.7
(0.15) | 3.6
(0.14) | 9.8
(0.39) | 22.6
(0.89) | 46.5
(1.83) | 106.3
(4.19) | 147.5
(5.81) | 135.9
(5.35) | 64.5
(2.54) | 22.7
(0.89) | 10.1
(0.40) | 7.3
(0.29) | 580.5
(22.87) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.3 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 11.5 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.0 | 9.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 104.6 |
| Average snowy days | 8.0 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 44.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 68 | 59 | 53 | 53 | 66 | 79 | 80 | 70 | 63 | 68 | 74 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 168.5 | 199.2 | 241.6 | 230.0 | 254.0 | 253.4 | 245.5 | 239.9 | 227.9 | 195.2 | 164.9 | 150.9 | 2,571 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 68 | 65 | 56 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 55 | 61 | 59 | 60 | 58 | 59 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Administrative divisions

Hailun City is divided into 14 towns and 9 townships.

14 towns 9 townships

## InfoBox

| Hailun 海伦市Hai-lun | |
| --- | --- |
| County-level city | |
| Location of the city | |
| HailunLocation in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 47°28′N 126°58′E / 47.467°N 126.967°E / 47.467; 126.967 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Suihua |
| Municipal seat | Hailun Town (海伦镇) |
| Area | |
| Total | 4,667 km2 (1,802 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 239 m (784 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 756,616 |
| Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 152300 |
| Area code | 0455 |
| Climate | Dwb |


title: Jamestown (TV series)

abstract: Jamestown is a British drama television series, written by Bill Gallagher and produced by Carnival Films, an NBC Universal International Television Production company, the makers of Downton Abbey. Set in 1619, Jamestown follows the first English settlers as they establish a community in the New World. Among those landing onshore are a group of women destined to be married to the men of Jamestown, including three spirited women. The series premiered on Sky One in the United Kingdom in May 2017. Sky ordered a second series of Jamestown in May 2017, before the premiere of the first series. Series 2 aired from February 2018. The renewal of Jamestown for a third and final season was announced by Sky One on 23 March 2018.

text:
# Jamestown (TV series)

***Jamestown*** is a British drama television series, written by Bill Gallagher and produced by Carnival Films, an NBC Universal International Television Production company, the makers of *Downton Abbey*. Set in 1619, *Jamestown* follows the first English settlers as they establish a community in the New World. Among those landing onshore are a group of women destined to be married to the men of Jamestown, including three spirited women. The series premiered on Sky One in the United Kingdom in May 2017. Sky ordered a second series of *Jamestown* in May 2017, before the premiere of the first series. Series 2 aired from February 2018. The renewal of *Jamestown* for a third and final season was announced by Sky One on 23 March 2018.

## Summary

In 1619, twelve years after men founded the colony of Jamestown in 1607, women arrive from England duty bound to marry the men who have paid for their passage. Among the women are Jocelyn, Alice and Verity, who arrive with little idea of what the future holds or the disruption they are about to bring to the settlement. The new Governor, Sir George Yeardley, and his wife also arrive and discover that running the settlement is not without problems with a Company Secretary trying to undermine his position.

## Cast and characters

* Naomi Battrick as Jocelyn Woodbryg – Betrothed and married to Samuel Castell
* Sophie Rundle as Alice Kett – Farm girl betrothed to Henry Sharrow but married to his brother Silas
* Niamh Walsh as Verity Bridges – Betrothed and unofficially married to Meredith Rutter
* Max Beesley as Henry Sharrow – Eldest brother of the three Sharrows
* Gwilym Lee as Samuel Castell – Recorder to the Virginia Company of London in Jamestown (Series 1)
* Jason Flemyng as Sir George YeardleyVirginia Company of London Lieutenant-Governor and later Governor
* Claire Cox as Temperance Flowerdew, Lady Yeardley – Wife of Sir George Yeardley
* Dean Lennox Kelly as Meredith Rutter – Owner of the tavern of Jamestown
* Shaun Dooley as Reverend Michaelmas Whitaker (Series 1)
* Stuart Martin as Silas Sharrow – Middle brother of the three Sharrows
* Steven Waddington as Thomas Redwick – Marshal of Jamestown
* Matt Stokoe as James Read – Blacksmith/swordsmith/farrier/forger/craftsman
* Burn Gorman as Nicholas Farlow – Secretary of the Virginia Company of London in Jamestown
* Luke Roskell as Pepper Sharrow – Youngest of the three Sharrow brothers
* Ben Starr as Dr Christopher Priestley – Physician/surgeon/apothecary
* Tony Pitts as Edgar Massinger – Land owner and tobacco grower (Series 1–2)
* Patsy Ferran as Mercy Myrtle – Servant girl of Samuel Castell and maid to Jocelyn Woodbryg
* Kalani Queypo as Chacrow – Native Indian go-between the settlers and Pamunkey Indians
* Raoul Trujillo as Opechancanough – Chief or King of the Pamunkey Tribe
* Abubakar Salim as Pedro – Kingdom of Kongo Angolan warrior who is captured and sold into chattel slavery by the Portuguese but captive by the English (Series 2–3)
* Abiola Ogunbiyi as Maria – Kingdom of Kongo Angolan married with children who is captured and sold into chattel slavery by the Portuguese but captive by the English (Series 2–3)
* Rachel Colwell as Winganuske – Chacrow's sister married to Henry Sharrow as a gift (Series 2–3)
* Ben Batt as Willmus Crabtree – A mysterious trader from England with his motives and intentions unknown (Series 3)
* Harry Grasby as Tamlin Appleday – One of the boys sent from England by the company to work the fields (Series 3)

## Production

Most of the series was filmed in Vértesacsa, Hungary.

## Episodes

| Series | Episodes | | Originally aired | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired |
|  | 8 | | 5 May 2017 (2017-05-05) | 23 June 2017 (2017-06-23) |
|  | 8 | | 9 February 2018 (2018-02-09) | 23 March 2018 (2018-03-23) |
|  | 8 | | 26 April 2019 (2019-04-26) | 14 June 2019 (2019-06-14) |

### Series 1 (2017)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | UK viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Episode 1" | John Alexander | Bill Gallagher | 5 May 2017 (2017-05-05) | 0.6 |
| In 1619, three women, Alice, Verity, and Jocelyn, arrive aboard a ship from England at the Virginian colony of Jamestown. They meet the men they are expected to marry. Farm girl Alice is met by the handsome Silas, but it is his elder brother Henry, a violent and brutal farmer, who has paid to marry her. Fiery Verity meets her new husband having his ear nailed to the town stocks. He is a drunkard and owner of the local tavern. Upper class Jocelyn, who confessed to Alice on the voyage she had killed a man in England, is betrothed to the company recorder and soon becomes embroiled in the local politics of tobacco selling. Silas and Henry go up river to buy corn from the Indians. Silas returns alone leaving Henry for dead after an explosion on one of their canoes. | | | | | | | |
| 2 | 2 | "Episode 2" | John Alexander | Bill Gallagher | 12 May 2017 (2017-05-12) | N/A |
| Henry Sharrow believed dead, blacksmith James Read seeks to marry Alice as does Silas whom she prefers. Marshall Redwick and Farlow, unable to punish Jocelyn, use the example of Verity's irreverence to punish her in the stocks. Verity curses the marshall who comes down with sickness and she is suspected of witchcraft. Another man dies of sickness and Mercy also becomes ill, but Doctor Priestley saves her with Indian medicine. The Reverend Michaelmas Whitaker accuses Verity of witchcraft and Jocelyn plots to save her and prevent Alice from being blackmailed into marrying Read. The doctor searches for the cause of the sickness. | | | | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | "Episode 3" | San Donovan | Bill Gallagher | 19 May 2017 (2017-05-19) | N/A |
| A native American is caught trying to steal shot and powder for a musket secretly sold to them. Silas is accused of trading the musket. Jocelyn suggests the captive be returned as a sign of goodwill with Samuel accompanying Governor Yeardley. Marshall Redwick and Farlow see an opportunity to restore military rule if the native does not survive the journey. Alice is convinced James Read knows who sold the musket but he is reluctant to help her because of his love for her. Negotiations with the natives do not go well as the natives realise the arrival of women to Jamestown means the settlers intend to stay. Henry Sharrow has survived with care from the natives and meets another colonist, Davey McDurran believed dead, living with the natives. | | | | | | | |
| 4 | 4 | "Episode 4" | San Donovan | Bill Gallagher | 26 May 2017 (2017-05-26) | N/A |
| Alice and Silas marry. Rumours of a gold map leading to a Portuguese mine stirs Jocelyn to force a reluctant Samuel to help her find the map. Farlow and Redwick seek to discover a relationship between Jocelyn and Doctor Priestley by having one of their men extract information from Mercy. Verity challenges husband Meredith to give up drink for a month. James Read clashes with the governor over his refusal to allow him to marry Alice and suffers a harsh punishment. The doctor declares his love for Jocelyn who has made an enemy of the governor's wife. | | | | | | | |
| 5 | 5 | "Episode 5" | Paul Wilmhurst | Bill Gallagher | 2 June 2017 (2017-06-02) | N/A |
| Governor Yeardley is taken ill and Jocelyn sees an opportunity for her husband as does the Marshall and Farlow. Silas's cow is killed. Verity is blamed when she is accused of inflaming passions between Fletcher and Baily who kills Fletcher. Henry Sharrow and Davey McDurran search for gold. Jocelyn fears the governor's wife and a letter she is expecting from England revealing her secret; a secret she confides to Doctor Priestley who confesses his love for her. James Read discovers Henry Sharrow is alive. Verity hears of an uprising amongst the soldiers against Yeardley. | | | | | | | |
| 6 | 6 | "Episode 6" | Paul Wilmhurst | Bill Gallagher | 9 June 2017 (2017-06-09) | N/A |
| Silas searches for his brother Henry; Alice asks James Read to make her a dagger. Temperance Yeardley organises the St John's Eve celebration and Jocelyn sees a way to ingratiate herself. Verity starts stealing property from Farlow and Redwick to her husband's shock. Henry Sharrow and Davey McDurran find silver. When a box belonging to the governor goes missing Temperance seeks its recovery from Verity and finds her with Jocelyn. Henry Sharrow returns to Jamestown. | | | | | | | |
| 7 | 7 | "Episode 7" | David Moore | Bill Gallagher | 16 June 2017 (2017-06-16) | N/A |
| Henry Sharrow believes his silver find gives him great power. Verity supports Alice, who fears Henry, in her claim of rape and Farlow and Redwick seek to turn the claim to their advantage. Jocelyn has discovered a secret of the governor and blackmails Temperance to hand over the letter she is expecting. Silas returns to Jamestown and is rejected by his brother and Alice who feels betrayed by him. James Read refines the silver and Doctor Priestley's test of the silver's provenance results in the tables being turned on Henry Sharrow, Governor Yeardley, and Jocelyn. | | | | | | | |
| 8 | 8 | "Episode 8" | David Moore | Bill Gallagher | 23 June 2017 (2017-06-23) | N/A |
| A ship docks with new settlers, orders from the Virginia Company, and the letter Temperance is expecting. Jocelyn fears she will hang. Verity reveals to her husband they are not married and will board the ship to make her way home back to England. Redwick and Farlow's position is undermined when the orders from the company dictate the governor institute a form of democracy. Samuel discovers Redwick and Farlow's fraud against the company. Alice and Verity determine to help Jocelyn but Alice makes the situation worse. The ship's captain bring news to Redwick and Farlow's advantage who order manacles from James Read. The Sharrows are threatened ruin by Massinger. Temperance is shocked by her husband's actions that reflect on her decision about Jocelyn. The first democratic vote is held to thwart Massinger. | | | | | | | |

### Series 2 (2018)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | UK viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | 1 | "Episode 1" | Paul Wilmhurst | Bill Gallagher | 9 February 2018 (2018-02-09) | N/A |
| In 1620, Alice gives birth to a son, the first of the colony, whom she names Silas despite pressures to name him James. Maria and Pedro handle their enslavement in different ways; Maria vows to return to her country and refuses to accept the ways of the colony whilst Pedro decides he needs Yeardley to purchase him in order to eventually gain his freedom. Silas and Henry find the body of Samuel Castel by the river, leaving Jocelyn a widow. Meredith admits to Verity that he saw Samuel before his death who told him he was on governor’s business but he is reluctant to tell for fear of repercussions. Jocelyn and Mercy are evicted from their home, causing Mercy to find a rosary and suspect Samuel of being a Catholic but they both struggle to believe it is true. Jocelyn nearly puts the rosary in Samuel’s casket but is advised not to by James Reed. At Samuel’s funeral, Yeardley demands the casket is opened, causing Jocelyn to suspect someone planted the rosary. Her suspicious are confirmed when she finds out Yeardley received an anonymous tip to check the coffin. She offers to trade the information of who the real Catholic spy is in exchange for her return home. | | | | | | | |
| 10 | 2 | "Episode 2" | Paul Wilmhurst | Bill Gallagher | 9 February 2018 (2018-02-09) | N/A |
| Jocelyn reveals to Governor Yeardley that Doctor Priestly is the papist spy. Yeardley returns her house and instructs Jocelyn to remain close to the Doctor. Verity wants a baby but her drunken husband Meredith is unable to oblige. Alice is ill with worry when she finds Silas is secretly talking to the native Indians. Meredith buys smuggled goods from a ship's crew docked at the quay. Pedro seeks Jocelyn's help by way of James the blacksmith, and she engineers a plot to arrange his change of ownership to Governor Yeardley. Silas and Henry capture one of the smugglers; Farlow interrogates him and kills him, accusing him as the murderer of Samuel Castel. | | | | | | | |
| 11 | 3 | "Episode 3" | David Evans | Bill Gallagher | 16 February 2018 (2018-02-16) | N/A |
| Believing Priestley to be the papist spy, Yeardley continues to use Jocelyn as his spy. Alice falls asleep, and her baby is taken. Henry and Silas believe the native Indians have taken the baby to force Silas to act for them and go to the Indian village. Maria, who had lost her own children, as had the Marshal, are also suspected. Yeardley raises a Militia to confront the Indians egged on by the Marshal. Dismayed at the continual arrival of more English settlers, the Indians see another way when Chacrow suggests giving one of his sisters to Henry Sharrow as a bride. The baby is found floating down the river in a small canoe. | | | | | | | |
| 12 | 4 | "Episode 4" | David Evans | Bill Gallagher | 23 February 2018 (2018-02-23) | N/A |
| Henry Sharrow is married to Chacrow's sister Winganuske. A wife for James Read arrives by ship, but the journey has taken its toll. Henry learns his new wife is not pure, she having been with other Pawmunkey men, and agrees to Governor Yeardley's plan, devised by Jocelyn, to get the Indian chief into his debt. Silas warns Chacrow of the plan. Read falls afoul of the governor for wearing clothes above his station and is publicly whipped by the Marshal. Chacrow turns the governor's plan on its head. Yeardley expects Jocelyn to spend the night with Doctor Priestley to discover evidence that he is the papist spy. Verity and Meredith have the stolen ship goods taken by Massinger. Mercy tells Jocelyn she and Read saw her enter the Doctor's home. | | | | | | | |
| 13 | 5 | "Episode 5" | Andy Hay | Bill Gallagher | 2 March 2018 (2018-03-02) | N/A |
| Farlow returns from Bermuda with effeminate Simeon Peck, an alchemist, with promises to turn lead into gold. Governor Yeardley is convinced, but Redwick the marshal is not. Jocelyn seeks to gain an advantage from the situation. Verity makes fun of Peck's proclivities. The marshal lays down the law regarding sodomy. Alice forges a reconciliation between her husband and James Read. Jocelyn confides to Doctor Priestley that she told Yeardley he is the papist spy, but she learns Yeardley already knows who the spy is. The alchemist's transmutation is not what is expected. The Sharrows are angry when their tobacco cargo is stolen by privateers but Yeardley's cargo remains untouched. | | | | | | | |
| 14 | 6 | "Episode 6" | Andy Hay | Bill Gallagher | 9 March 2018 (2018-03-09) | N/A |
| The Sharrows march on Jamestown with other disgruntled settlers. Yeardley quells the uprising with a document proclaiming an imminent Spanish invasion. An eclipse forebodes impending doom as the settlement prepares for war. Massinger is found by Mercy blind. The spectral corpse of Samuel Castell is seen in Jamestown. Jocelyn finds her wedding ring on her pillow. The Sharrows accuse Massinger of arranging the theft of their cargo. Yeardley believes Massinger is the spy and the killer of Samuel, whose body is exhumed. Massinger faces a test of God's judgement that Jocelyn must face as well. Jocelyn insists that Massinger take the test again. Massinger is hanged, but Verity has the final action. | | | | | | | |
| 15 | 7 | "Episode 7" | Bill Gallagher | Bill Gallagher | 16 March 2018 (2018-03-16) | N/A |
| Yeardley expects Pedro to breed with Maria and Jocelyn to accept Dr Priestley's proposal of marriage. The Sharrows take Massinger's slaves in lieu of their stolen cargo. Mrs Yeardley gives cause to Maria to stab Pedro and flee the settlement. Jocelyn seeks a secret pact with Farlow to obtain Massinger's land. Chacrow finds Maria and takes her to Alice who hides her to Silas's dismay. Rutter becomes obsessed with a passage from the Bible. Maria runs to Verity and Read finds the injured Pedro. Maria and Pedro start back for the settlement and are found by Henry Sharrow who puts them in chains to earn favour with Yeardley. Maria is punished by branding. Jocelyn is shamed by the settlement for refusing to remarry and she seeks consolation with James Read. | | | | | | | |
| 16 | 8 | "Episode 8" | Bill Gallagher | Bill Gallagher | 23 March 2018 (2018-03-23) | N/A |
| Jocelyn blackmails Yeardley into giving her Massinger's land: land he wanted. Yeardley plans to burn Jocelyn's tobacco crop and blame the Pamunkey to take their land: a plan Farlow disagrees with. Verity gets her own revenge on Marshal Redwick to her and her husband's benefit. Doctor Priestley orders two rapiers from James Read as he challenges him to a duel. Jocelyn offers James Read an overseer's position. Alice tells Chacrow of Yeardley's plan. Jocelyn's crop is fired, Silas flees to the Pamunkey as he is considered a traitor by the settlers. Yeardley orders Henry to return his brother while Yeardley organises an attack on the Pamunkey. | | | | | | | |

### Series 3 (2019)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | UK viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 | 1 | "Episode 1" | Andy Hay | Bill Gallagher | 26 April 2019 (2019-04-26) | N/A |
| In 1622, Silas has fully integrated into the Pamunkey after his betrayal of the Jamestown settlement, with him adopting the name Kukupunkway. Alice's pleas for his life with the governor fall on deaf ears. Governor Yeardley is more concerned with the scheming of Secretary Farlow and widow Jocelyn, who wants new riverside land that she knows the governor will deny her. Maria goes to the governor's wife with a vision of Yeardley holding a severed head. Yeardley uses Alice in a plan to trap Silas and she makes a life-changing decision. | | | | | | | |
| 18 | 2 | "Episode 2" | Andy Hay | Bill Gallagher | 3 May 2019 (2019-05-03) | N/A |
| Instead of men from Africa the company sends boys from England to work the fields. Tamlin Appleday is assigned to Jocelyn and proves a disruptive influence forcing her to dismiss him. Henry's baby falls sick and despite his wife's pleading to let her be treated by the Pamunkey healer he takes her to Doctor Priestley whose Bloodletting by Leeches treatment fails to save the baby. Meredith Rutter believes Appleday is his lost son and Verity is happy, even after the boy attacks her with a knife, in the change in her husband. Jocelyn seeks an agreement for the Pamunkey boys to work her fields. | | | | | | | |
| 19 | 3 | "Episode 3" | Jon East | Bill Gallagher | 10 May 2019 (2019-05-10) | N/A |
| Silas prepares a bear trap to kill Yeardley without Opechancanough's permission. Maria fears Pedro will kill Yeardley who has separated them and plans with Verity to leave Jamestown with a reluctant Pedro on a ship. Opechancanough plans to infiltrate his tribe into the lives of the English using Jocelyn proposal of work. The trap fails and Yeardley demands Silas be exiled. Fearing Maria and Pedro's escape is known Verity seeks to warn them. | | | | | | | |
| 20 | 4 | "Episode 4" | Jon East | Bill Gallagher | 17 May 2019 (2019-05-17) | N/A |
| Rutter wakes in a field from a drunken stupor and sees a golden horse. Yeardley and Jocelyn want the horse and the townsfolk including James Read begin a search. The horse becomes a pawn in which Henry Sharrow seeks a pardon for his brother Silas, exiled from the Pamunkey for disobeying Opechancanough. The chief plans to infiltrate the English and tells Chacrow to become Yeardley's man. Jocelyn uses Verity to recover a promissory note from Crabtree, who she believes to be an agent of the company. The plan goes wrong and she discovers Crabtree could be the most powerful man in Jamestown. | | | | | | | |
| 21 | 5 | "Episode 5" | Sarah Gorman | Bill Gallagher | 24 May 2019 (2019-05-24) | N/A |
| Opechancanough orders Chacrow to kill Silas Sharrow which Chacrow confides to Silas. Jocelyn tells James Read that Crabtree's power resides in a ring he has and she is determined to have it. Yeardley, not trusting Chacrow, asks Silas to show him how gunpowder is made. Winganuske returns to her husband Henry Sharrow. Verity shames her husband, Rutter, over his treatment of the boy Tamlin. That night in great remorse he falls from the fort ramparts just as Chacrow is carrying out his chief's order and Jocelyn, after drugging Crabtree, discovers his ring and waits for him to awake. | | | | | | | |
| 22 | 6 | "Episode 6" | Sarah Gorman | Bill Gallagher | 31 May 2019 (2019-05-31) | N/A |
| Pedro finds a broken timepiece that belonged to Crabtree which James Read repairs. Pedro discovers from Doctor Priestley that Yeardley has bequeathed him and Maria to his children and they realize that they will never be free. Marshall Redwick arrests Crabtree. From his prison cell Crabtree concocts a plan using Jocelyn to depose Yeardley by finding ship wrecked mariners, hiding in Virginia, who brought the slaves illegally to Jamestown. Pedro and Jocelyn head up river followed by Read and Verity to find the seamen. Maria plans to drive Yeardley mad while Opechancanough plans for war. | | | | | | | |
| 23 | 7 | "Episode 7" | Bill Gallagher | Bill Gallagher | 7 June 2019 (2019-06-07) | N/A |
| James Read and Verity find Jocelyn and Pedro's empty boat and Jocelyn nearby badly wounded and Pedro in hiding. Yeardley has drug induced nightmares administered by Maria and Yeardley's wife who wished to return to England. Yeardley is alerted by Redwick who suspects the Doctor has provided the drug and also conspired to let Crabtree escape his cell. The plan to find the mariners prove futile as Yeardley had warned them. One is killed by Henry Sharrow as he was about to silence Maria. Pepper Sharrow kills a native from a rival tribe and Chacrow buries him. | | | | | | | |
| 24 | 8 | "Episode 8" | Bill Gallagher | Bill Gallagher | 14 June 2019 (2019-06-14) | N/A |
| Opechancanough's war plans move forward to rid Virginia of the English but Yeardley ignores the signs. Mercy marries Pepper Sharrow and Jocelyn declares her love to James Read when she learns he has sold his blacksmith's and intends to leave. Verity finds Tamlin living rough near the township. Crabtree reappears in his prison cell to inform Yeardley a new governor is on his way. Maria tries to warn Pedro of the attack. Opechancanough's co-ordinated land and river attack begins and Chacrow warns the Sharrows to flee to Jamestown as hundreds of settlers are killed in the countryside. | | | | | | | |

## Reviews

*The Guardian* said the show was an expensive soap opera, but found the show to be fun. A critic with the *Financial Times* questioned the accuracy of the show, especially its portrait of women. The *Irish Times* found that everything in the show is "absurd, generic or risible". *The Telegraph* was kinder to the show, as it found the show to be a "silly but gripping period drama".

## InfoBox

| *Jamestown* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Historical drama |
| Created by | Bill Gallagher |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 3 |
| No. of episodes | 24 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Richard Fell, Bill Gallagher, Nigel Marchant, Gareth Neame |
| Producer | Sue de Beauvoir |
| Production company | Carnival Films |
| Original release | |
| Network | Sky 1 |
| Release | 5 May 2017 (2017-05-05)
14 June 2019 (2019-06-14) |


title: Weldon Wyckoff

abstract: John Weldon Wyckoff was a professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics (1913–16) and Boston Red Sox (1917-18). Wyckoff batted and threw right-handed. In some baseball resources, he is referred as John Wyckoff. Wyckoff attended Bucknell University and began his baseball career Wilmington in the Tri-State League in 1911. He joined the Philadelphia Athletics in 1913. His most productive season was in 1914, when he recorded career-highs with 11 wins and a 3.02 ERA. Wyckoff pitched in Game One of the World Series, surrendering a run on three hits and hitting a double in his lone career World Series plate appearance. In 1916, he led the league with 22 losses, 165 walks and 14 wild pitches. He was sent to the Boston Red Sox in the 1916 midseason. Over parts of two seasons he appeared in only nine games and was released in 1917. He ended the year with the Buffalo Bisons of the International League and rejoined Boston in 1918, his last major league season, and retired to his taxicab business in Williamsport. In his major league career, Wyckoff posted a 23–34 record with 299 strikeouts and a 3.55 ERA in 573.2 innings pitched. Wyckoff died in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, at the age of 69.

text:
# Weldon Wyckoff

**John Weldon Wyckoff** (February 19, 1893 – May 8, 1961) was a professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics (1913–16) and Boston Red Sox (1917-18). Wyckoff batted and threw right-handed. In some baseball resources, he is referred as **John Wyckoff**.

Wyckoff attended Bucknell University and began his baseball career Wilmington in the Tri-State League in 1911. He joined the Philadelphia Athletics in 1913. His most productive season was in 1914, when he recorded career-highs with 11 wins and a 3.02 ERA. Wyckoff pitched in Game One of the World Series, surrendering a run on three hits and hitting a double in his lone career World Series plate appearance.

In 1916, he led the league with 22 losses, 165 walks and 14 wild pitches. He was sent to the Boston Red Sox in the 1916 midseason. Over parts of two seasons he appeared in only nine games and was released in 1917. He ended the year with the Buffalo Bisons of the International League and rejoined Boston in 1918, his last major league season, and retired to his taxicab business in Williamsport.

In his major league career, Wyckoff posted a 23–34 record with 299 strikeouts and a 3.55 ERA in 573.2 innings pitched.

Wyckoff died in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, at the age of 69.

## InfoBox

| Weldon Wyckoff | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1893-02-19)February 19, 1893
Williamsport, Pennsylvania | |
| **Died:** May 8, 1961(1961-05-08) (aged 69)
Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 19, 1913, for the Philadelphia Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| May 8, 1918, for the Boston Red Sox | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 23-34 |
| Earned run average | 3.55 |
| Strikeouts | 299 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: We Created the World

abstract: We Created the World is the debut studio album by Finnish alternative rock band Softengine. It was released in Finland on 3 October 2014, through Sony Music Entertainment. The album has peaked to number 7 on the Finnish Albums Chart. The album includes the singles "Something Better", "Yellow House", "The Sirens" and "What If I?".

text:
# We Created the World

***We Created the World*** is the debut studio album by Finnish alternative rock band Softengine. It was released in Finland on 3 October 2014, through Sony Music Entertainment. The album has peaked to number 7 on the Finnish Albums Chart. The album includes the singles "Something Better", "Yellow House", "The Sirens" and "What If I?".

## Singles

"Something Better" was released as the lead single from the album on 21 March 2014. The song was selected to represent Finland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 at the B&W Hallerne in Copenhagen, Denmark. The song qualified from the second semi-final to compete in the final. Finland placed 11th in the final, scoring 72 points. This was Finland's best placing in the contest since Lordi's victory in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006. "Yellow House" was released as the second single from the album on 13 June 2014. "The Sirens" was released as the third single from the album on 3 October 2014. "What If I?" was released as the fourth single from the album on 17 December 2014.

## Track listing

Standard listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Our New Age" |  | 1:28 |
| 2. | "Broken Reflection" |  | 2:54 |
| 3. | "Yellow House" |  | 3:36 |
| 4. | "Phone Call from Unknown" |  | 3:29 |
| 5. | "The Sirens" |  | 4:05 |
| 6. | "What If I?" |  | 3:59 |
| 7. | "Narcissus" |  | 3:12 |
| 8. | "Something Better" |  | 3:03 |
| 9. | "In Disarray" |  | 3:27 |
| 10. | "Circle" |  | 3:41 |
| 11. | "Our Life, Our Love" |  | 5:23 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2014/15) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 7 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Release date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finland | 3 October 2014 | Digital Download, CD | Sony Music Entertainment |
|

## InfoBox

| We Created the World | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Softengine | |
| Released | 3 October 2014 |
| Recorded | 2013/14 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Sony Music Entertainment |
|  | |
| Singles from  *We Created the World* | |
| 1. "Something Better"
Released: 21 March 2014 2. "Yellow House"
Released: 13 June 2014 3. "The Sirens"
Released: 3 October 2014 4. "What If I?"
Released: 17 December 2014 | |
|  | |


title: Weeping Wall (instrumental)

abstract: "Weeping Wall" is an instrumental piece by David Bowie from his album Low, released in 1977. The track has been described by Bowie as intending to evoke the misery of the Berlin Wall, being a portrait piece like the other music on Side Two of Low. The principal melody is an adaptation of the tune "Scarborough Fair". Bowie plays all instruments on the recording, the album's only solo track, including several percussion instruments and synthesizers. His voice is also present in a wordless chorus. Its minimalistic style has been seen as bearing the influence of composer Steve Reich. According to Reich, Bowie had attended the European premiere of Music for 18 Musicians at the National Gallery of Berlin in 1976. "And I think 'Weeping Wall' on Low is somewhat indebted to that," Reich has said. Bowie himself recalled seeing Music for 18 Musicians performed "live in downtown New York in the late 70s" and described it as "Balinese gamelan music cross-dressing as Minimalism... Astonishing." While Brian Eno and NME editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray have suggested that "Weeping Wall" began life as part of Bowie's aborted soundtrack to The Man Who Fell to Earth, the composer himself maintained that the piece was composed especially for Low.

text:
# Weeping Wall (instrumental)

"**Weeping Wall**" is an instrumental piece by David Bowie from his album *Low*, released in 1977.

The track has been described by Bowie as intending to evoke the misery of the Berlin Wall, being a portrait piece like the other music on Side Two of *Low*. The principal melody is an adaptation of the tune "Scarborough Fair".

Bowie plays all instruments on the recording, the album's only solo track, including several percussion instruments and synthesizers. His voice is also present in a wordless chorus. Its minimalistic style has been seen as bearing the influence of composer Steve Reich. According to Reich, Bowie had attended the European premiere of *Music for 18 Musicians* at the National Gallery of Berlin in 1976. "And I think 'Weeping Wall' on *Low* is somewhat indebted to that," Reich has said. Bowie himself recalled seeing *Music for 18 Musicians* performed "live in downtown New York in the late 70s" and described it as "Balinese gamelan music cross-dressing as Minimalism... Astonishing."

While Brian Eno and *NME* editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray have suggested that "Weeping Wall" began life as part of Bowie's aborted soundtrack to *The Man Who Fell to Earth*, the composer himself maintained that the piece was composed especially for *Low*.

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| "Weeping Wall" | |
| --- | --- |
| Instrumental by David Bowie | |
| from the album  *Low* | |
| Released | 14 January 1977 |
| Recorded | October–November 1976 |
| Genre | Ambient, minimalism |
| Length | 3:28 |
| Label | RCA |
| Songwriter(s) | David Bowie |
| Producer(s) | David Bowie, Tony Visconti |


title: Wellersburg, Pennsylvania

abstract: Wellersburg is a borough that is located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 181 at the time of 2010 census.

text:
# Wellersburg, Pennsylvania

**Wellersburg** is a borough that is located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The population was 181 at the time of 2010 census.

## Geography

Wellersburg is located at the extreme southern end of Southampton Township, along its border with Maryland.

Pennsylvania Route 160 passes through Wellersburg as it runs between the Maryland border to the south and Southampton Township to the north.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1860 | 465 |  |  |
| 1870 | 290 |  | −37.6% |
| 1880 | 226 |  | −22.1% |
| 1890 | 183 |  | −19.0% |
| 1900 | 158 |  | −13.7% |
| 1910 | 193 |  | 22.2% |
| 1920 | 247 |  | 28.0% |
| 1930 | 315 |  | 27.5% |
| 1940 | 357 |  | 13.3% |
| 1950 | 369 |  | 3.4% |
| 1960 | 303 |  | −17.9% |
| 1970 | 266 |  | −12.2% |
| 1980 | 265 |  | −0.4% |
| 1990 | 213 |  | −19.6% |
| 2000 | 176 |  | −17.4% |
| 2010 | 181 |  | 2.8% |
| 2020 | 210 |  | 16.0% |
| 2021 (est.) | 208 |  | −1.0% |
| Sources: | | | |

At the time of the 2000 census, there were 176 people residing in eighty-four households in the borough, including fifty-one families.

The population density was 223.4 inhabitants per square mile (86.3/km2). There were ninety housing units at an average density of 114.2 per square mile (44.1/km2).

The racial makeup of the borough was 98.86% White, and 1.14% from two or more races.

Of the eighty-four households that were documented during the census, 15.5% had children who were under the age of eighteen living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. Additionally, 36.9% of households were one-person and 17.9% were one-person households with someone living alone who was aged sixty-five or older.

The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.63.

The age distribution of residents was 15.9% who were under the age of eighteen, 6.8% who were aged eighteen to twenty-four, 28.4% who were aged twenty-five to forty-four, 27.3% who were aged forty-five to sixty-four, and 21.6% who were aged sixty-five or older. The median age was forty-four years.

For every one hundred females, there were 83.3 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 87.3 males.

The median household income was $21,111 and the median family income was $23,750. Males had a median income of $24,688 compared with that of $18,750 for females.

The per capita income for the borough was $14,495.

Approximately 4.3% of families and 5.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including those who were aged sixty-five or older. No one under the age of eighteen was reported as living in poverty.

## InfoBox

| Wellersburg, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Borough | |
| Entering Wellersburg from Maryland | |
| Location of Wellersburg in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. | |
| Wellersburg | |
| Coordinates: 39°43′50″N 78°50′53″W / 39.73056°N 78.84806°W / 39.73056; -78.84806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Somerset |
| Settled | 1830 |
| Incorporated | 1857 |
| Government | |
| Type | Borough Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.81 sq mi (2.10 km2) |
| Land | 0.81 sq mi (2.10 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,348 ft (411 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 210 |
| Estimate (2021) | 208 |
| Density | 211.11/sq mi (81.49/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Zip code | 15564 |
| Area code | 814 |
| FIPS code | 42-82128 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1215601 |


title: Wellington-Harrington

abstract: Wellington-Harrington, also known as Area 3, is a neighborhood in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Overlapping with Inman Square and Kendall Square, it is bounded by Hampshire Street and Broadway on the southwest, the Grand Junction railroad tracks on the east, and the Somerville town line on the north. Though primarily residential, the neighborhood includes commercial areas along Cambridge Street and in the One Kendall Square plaza in the southeast. As of 1990, Wellington-Harrington had the highest population of immigrants of any neighborhood in Cambridge, with 40% of its residents born outside the United States, as compared to 20% in Cambridge as a whole. The neighborhood has a high population of linguistic minorities, and 40% of residents speak a language other than English at home. In 2010, it had a population of 6,516 residents living in 2,996 households, making it the second-most densely populated neighborhood in Cambridge, after Mid-Cambridge. The median household income was $50,593. The name Wellington-Harrington likely derives from the names of two former schools in the area: Wellington Elementary School and Charles G. Harrington Elementary School.

text:
# Wellington-Harrington

**Wellington-Harrington**, also known as **Area 3**, is a neighborhood in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Overlapping with Inman Square and Kendall Square, it is bounded by Hampshire Street and Broadway on the southwest, the Grand Junction railroad tracks on the east, and the Somerville town line on the north.

Though primarily residential, the neighborhood includes commercial areas along Cambridge Street and in the One Kendall Square plaza in the southeast.

As of 1990, Wellington-Harrington had the highest population of immigrants of any neighborhood in Cambridge, with 40% of its residents born outside the United States, as compared to 20% in Cambridge as a whole. The neighborhood has a high population of linguistic minorities, and 40% of residents speak a language other than English at home. In 2010, it had a population of 6,516 residents living in 2,996 households, making it the second-most densely populated neighborhood in Cambridge, after Mid-Cambridge. The median household income was $50,593.

The name Wellington-Harrington likely derives from the names of two former schools in the area: Wellington Elementary School and Charles G. Harrington Elementary School.

## History

Andrew Craigie invested heavily in land in the area, which led to the construction of the Craigie Bridge in 1809. The completion of the bridge prompted the construction of Cambridge Street to allow easy travel to Harvard Square. Hampshire Street, then the start of the Middlesex Turnpike, was completed around 1810.

The James B. Barnes House, a Federal-style brick house built in 1824 for a glassmaker at the New England Glass Company, was originally in East Cambridge on Monsignor O'Brien Highway but was moved to 109 Hampshire Street in 1984.

Prior to the Civil War, residential growth was slow in Wellington-Harrington due to its relative isolation from Central Square. The construction of the Grand Junction Railroad, which was completed in 1856, promoted new industries in the area including soap-making, woodworking, food processing. This dramatically increased the neighborhood's population.

Many of the neighborhood's earliest residents were of Irish and Canadian ancestry. Immigrant groups included northern and eastern Europeans, especially from Sweden and Russia, and a large Portuguese population. The Portuguese influx began around 1900 but declined in the 1920s because of restrictive immigration laws. A spike in Portuguese population occurred after the Immigration Act of 1965, which eliminated quotas and allowed many new immigrants to join their families already living in the United States.

During the 20th century, the residents of Wellington-Harrington resisted multiple urban development and renewal programs that would have dislocated many from their homes. The Inner Belt Expressway would have divided the neighborhood along Elm Street but was never built because of backlash from various communities along its proposed route.

## Notable residents

Wellington-Harrington was home to Lunsford Lane, a former slave and prominent abolitionist, who lived on Webster Avenue from 1848 to 1860.

John J. Fatal, an abolitionist, supporter of the Underground Railroad, and member of the Cambridge Common Council, moved to Cambridge in 1859. He lived on Lincoln Street in Wellington-Harrington at the time of his death in 1904.

42°22′21″N 71°5′31″W / 42.37250°N 71.09194°W / 42.37250; -71.09194


title: Wellington (New Zealand electorate)

abstract: Wellington, was a parliamentary electorate in Wellington, New Zealand. It existed from 1853 to 1905 with a break in the 1880s. It was a multi-member electorate. The electorate was represented, over the years, by 24 members of parliament.

text:
# Wellington (New Zealand electorate)

**Wellington** (originally **City of Wellington**), was a parliamentary electorate in Wellington, New Zealand. It existed from 1853 to 1905 with a break in the 1880s. It was a multi-member electorate. The electorate was represented, over the years, by 24 members of parliament.

## Population centres

In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, and Wellington was one of eight electorates to be re-created for the 1890 election.

## History

The electorate was one of the original electorates used in the 1853 election for the 1st New Zealand Parliament. During the period until 1871, Wellington was a three-member electorate.

In 1858, Isaac Featherston and William Fitzherbert resigned their seats in Parliament. Featherston apparently wanted to return to England. Instead, he successfully stood for re-election within months. The other person returned in the same by-election was William Barnard Rhodes.

The election for the 3rd Parliament was held on 11 December 1860, with the announcement of the official results on 15 December.

## Members of Parliament

**Key**

Independent   Liberal   Conservative   Liberal–Labour   Independent Liberal

### Three-member electorate (1853–1871)

| Election | Winner(s) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1853 election |  | Charles Clifford |  | Robert Hart |  | James Kelham |
| 1855 election | | |  | Isaac Featherston |  | William Fitzherbert |
| *1858 by-election* | | | Isaac Featherston |  | William Rhodes |
| 1860 election | | | |  | William Taylor |
| 1866 election | | |  | Charles Borlase |

### Two-member electorate (1871–1881)

| Election | Winner(s) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1871 election |  | George Hunter |  | Edward Pearce |
| 1875 election | | | | |
| *1877 by-election* | | |  | William Travers |
| *1878 by-election* | | |  | George Elliott Barton |
| 1879 election |  | William Hutchison |  | William Levin |
| (Electorate abolished 1881–1890) | | | | |

### Three-member electorate (1890–1905)

From 1881 to 1890, the Wellington electorate was replaced by three separate electorates: Te Aro and Thorndon during the whole nine years, and Wellington South (until 1887) then Wellington East (1887–1890)

| Election | Winner(s) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 election |  | George Fisher |  | Kennedy Macdonald |  | John Duthie |
| *1892 by-election* | | |  | William McLean | | |
| 1893 election |  | Francis Bell |  | Robert Stout | | |
| 1896 election |  | George Fisher | | |  | John Hutcheson |
| *1898 by-election* | | | | |  | John Duthie |
| *1899 by-election* | | |  | John Hutcheson |
| 1899 election | | |  | Arthur Atkinson |
| 1902 election | | |  | John Duthie |  | John Aitken |
| *1905 by-election* | | | | |  | Francis Fisher |
| (Electorate abolished 1905; see Wellington Central, Wellington East, and Wellington North) | | | | | | |

In 1905 the Wellington electorate was again replaced by three electorates: Wellington Central, Wellington East, and Wellington North. In the 1905 election, all three Wellington incumbents stood in the new electorates, with Fisher and Aitken winning in Central and East respectively, while Duthie lost to Charles Izard in Wellington North – ending his parliamentary career.

## Election results

### 1905 by-election

1905 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent Liberal** | **Francis Fisher** | **4,692** | **42.06** |  |
|  | Liberal | Charles Izard | 3,441 | 30.84 |  |
|  | Liberal–Labour | John Hutcheson | 3,021 | 27.08 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,251 | 11.21 |  |
| Turnout | | | 11,154 |  |  |
|  | Independent Liberal **gain** from Liberal | | Swing |  |  |

### 1902 election

1902 New Zealand general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Aitken** | **7,808** | **55.29** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Duthie** | **6,886** | **48.76** |  |
|  | **Liberal** | **George Fisher** | **6,685** | **47.34** |  |
|  | Independent Liberal | Patrick O'Regan | 6,304 | 44.64 |  |
|  | Conservative | Arthur Atkinson | 6,094 | 43.15 |  |
|  | Liberal | John Findlay | 4,764 | 33.74 |  |
|  | Liberal | James Godber | 1,437 | 10.18 |  |
|  | Liberal | Edwin George Jellicoe | 1,384 | 9.80 |  |
|  | Labour | David McLaren | 1,003 | 7.10 |  |
| Majority | | | 3811 | 2.70 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 328 |  |  |
| Total votes | | | **42,365** |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 14,122 | 66.56 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 21,218 |  |  |

1 Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 6,685) and highest losing poll (O'Regan: 6,304)

| Participation by gender | | | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Female | Turnout | 7,312 | 72.00 |
| | Enrolled females | 10,155 | 47.86 |
|  | | | |
| Male | Enrolled males | 11,063 | 52.14 |

### 1899 election

1899 New Zealand general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal–Labour** | **John Hutcheson** | **7,436** | **51.06** | **+2.38** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Arthur Atkinson** | **6,703** | **46.02** | **+1.75** |
|  | **Liberal** | **George Fisher** | **6,442** | **44.23** | **−0.26** |
|  | Liberal | Kennedy Macdonald | 6,320 | 43.39 |  |
|  | Conservative | Thomas William Hislop | 6,297 | 43.23 |  |
|  | Independent Liberal | Edwin George Jellicoe | 4,751 | 32.62 |  |
|  | Liberal | Charles Luke | 3,812 | 26.17 |  |
|  | Independent Liberal | Thomas Carmichael | 1,004 | 6.89 |  |
|  | Liberal–Labour | William Earnshaw | 851 | 5.84 |  |
|  | Independent Liberal | Denton Burnett Duncan | 78 | 0.54 |  |
| Majority | | | 1221 | 0.84 | +0.04 |
| Total votes | | | **43,694** |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 14,565 | 77.17 | +8.95 |
| Registered electors | | | 18,874 |  |  |

1 Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 6,442) and highest losing poll (Macdonald: 6,320)

| Participation by gender | | | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Female | Turnout | 7,080 | 79.30 |
| | Enrolled females | 8,928 | 47.30 |
|  | | | |
| Male | Enrolled males | 9,946 | 52.70 |

### 1899 by-election

1899 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal–Labour | John Hutcheson | 6,945 | 58.28 |  |
|  | Independent | Edwin George Jellicoe | 4,971 | 41.72 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,974 | 16.57 |  |
| Turnout | | | 11,916 |  |  |

### 1898 by-election

1898 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Duthie** | **7,283** | **53.80** |  |
|  | Liberal | Richard Clement Kirk | 6,254 | 46.20 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,029 | 7.60 |  |
| Turnout | | | 13,537 | 77.26 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 17,522 |  |  |

### 1896 election

1896 New Zealand general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal–Labour** | **John Hutcheson** | **6,410** | **48.68** |  |
|  | **Independent** | **Robert Stout** | **6,305** | **47.88** |  |
|  | **Liberal** | **George Fisher** | **5,858** | **44.49** |  |
|  | Conservative | Arthur Atkinson | 5,830 | 44.27 |  |
|  | Liberal | Charles Wilson | 5,569 | 42.29 |  |
|  | Conservative | Andrew Agnew Stuart Menteath | 5,559 | 42.22 |  |
|  | Liberal | Francis Fraser | 1,811 | 13.75 |  |
|  | Independent | Justinian John Kivern Powell | 185 | 1.40 |  |
|  | Liberal | Arthur Warburton | 91 | 0.69 |  |
| Majority | | | 28 1 | 0.21 |  |
| Total votes | | | **37,618** |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 13,1682 | 68.21 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 19,304 |  |  |

1 Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 5,858) and highest losing poll (Atkinson: 5,830)

2 Turnout is total number of voters – as voters had three votes each total votes cast was higher (37,618)

### 1893 election

1893 New Zealand general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Robert Stout** | **6,218** | **46.73** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **Francis Bell** | **5,773** | **43.39** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Duthie** | **4,840** | **36.37** |  |
|  | Liberal | Kennedy Macdonald | 3,863 | 29.03 |  |
|  | Liberal | Francis Fraser | 3,729 | 28.02 |  |
|  | Independent | Harry Vogel | 3,606 | 27.10 |  |
|  | Liberal | William McLean | 3,438 | 25.84 |  |
|  | Liberal | George Fisher | 2,385 | 17.92 |  |
|  | Independent | Thomas Dwan | 1,157 | 8.70 |  |
|  | Independent | William Travers | 1,093 | 8.21 |  |
| Majority | | | 9771 |  |  |
| Informal votes | | | 147 |  |  |
| Total votes | | | **36,249** |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 13,306 2 | 80.66 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 16,497 |  |  |

1893 was the first election in which women could vote (the electoral act giving women the vote was passed ten weeks prior to the election). Electoral returns quantified female enrolment and turnout, and showed women's turnout was higher than men's while women's enrolment was lower.

| Participation by gender | | | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Female | Turnout | 6,146 | 84.42 |
| | Enrolled females | 7,280 | 44.13 |
|  | | | |
| Male | Turnout | 7,160 | 77.68 |
| | Enrolled males | 9,217 | 55.87 |

1 Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Duthie – 4,840) and highest losing poll (Mcdonald – 3,863)

2 Turnout is total number of voters – as voters had three votes each total votes cast was higher (36,102 valid, and 147 invalid votes)

### 1892 by-election

1892 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **William McLean** | **3,388** | **51.08** | **+30.97** |
|  | Conservative | Francis Bell | 3,245 | 48.92 | +5.31 |
| Majority | | | 143 | 2.16 | −1.32 |
| Turnout | | | 6,633 | 75.50 | +15.49 |
| Registered electors | | | 8,786 |  |  |

### 1890 election

1890 New Zealand general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **George Fisher** | **2,828** | **53.64** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Duthie** | **2,779** | **52.71** |  |
|  | **Liberal** | **Kennedy Macdonald** | **2,482** | **47.08** |  |
|  | Conservative | Francis Bell | 2,299 | 43.61 |  |
|  | Liberal | Edwin George Jellicoe | 1,921 | 35.98 |  |
|  | Liberal | Francis Fraser | 1,755 | 33.29 |  |
|  | Liberal | William McLean | 1,060 | 20.11 |  |
|  | Liberal | Robert Winter | 716 | 13.58 |  |
| Majority | | | 183 | 3.47 |  |
| Total votes | | | **15,816** |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,272 | 60.00 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 8,786 |  |  |

### 1878 by-election

1878 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **George Elliott Barton** | **506** | **41.04** |  |
|  | Independent | Colonel E. Pearce | 463 | 21.41 |  |
|  | Independent | William Hutchison | 263 | 37.58 |  |
| Majority | | | 43 | 3.49 |  |
| Informal votes | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 1232 |  |  |
| Registered electors | | |  |  |  |

### 1877 by-election

1877 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **William Travers** | **572** | **50.00** |  |
|  | Independent | William Hutchison | 557 | 48.69 |  |
| Majority | | | 15 | 1.31 |  |
| Informal votes | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 1129 |  |  |
| Registered electors | | |  |  |  |

### 1858 by-election

1858 City of Wellington by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Isaac Featherston** | **360** |  |  |
|  | **Independent** | **William Rhodes** | **352** |  |  |
|  | Independent | Jerningham Wakefield | 349 |  |  |
|  | Independent | William Bowler | 347 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 3 |  |  |
| Total votes | | | **1,408** |  |  |

Table footnotes

### 1855 election

1855 City of Wellington election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Charles Clifford** | **290** |  |  |
|  | **Independent** | **Isaac Featherston** | **289** |  |  |
|  | **Independent** | **William Fitzherbert** | **258** |  |  |
|  | Independent | Stephen Carkeek | 244 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Robert Hart | 238 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 14 |  |  |
| Total votes | | | **1,319** |  |  |

Table footnotes  1. Majority is the difference between lowest winning poll (Fitzherbert: 258) and highest losing poll (Carkeek: 244)
1. McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
2. "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". *Otago Witness*. No. 340. 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
3. Hamer, David (22 June 2007). "Featherston, Isaac Earl 1813 – 1876". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
4. "Wellington". *Hawke's Bay Herald*. Vol. 1, no. 47. 14 August 1858. p. 2. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
5. "SUMMARY FOR Europe & Australia". *Wellington Independent*. Vol. XV, no. 1478. 7 December 1860. p. 5. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
6. "Declaration of the Poll". *Wellington Independent*. Vol. XV, no. 1481. 18 December 1860. p. 2. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
7. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Waring Taylor". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
8. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Charles Bonythorne Borlase". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
9. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Edward Pearce". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
10. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. George Elliott Barton". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
11. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Hutchison". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
12. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Hort Levin". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
13. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Thomas Kennedy Macdonald". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
14. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Wellington Ex-Members of the House Of Representatives". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
15. "The Wellington City Election". Wanganui Herald. 10 March 1898. p. 2. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
16. "The Wellington Election". *North Otago Times*. 7 April 1905. p. 2. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
17. "1902 New Zealand general election". 1903. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
18. "Notice of Polling Day". *Free Lance*. Vol. III, no. 125. 22 November 1902. p. 22. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
19. "Wellington City Election". *Free Lance*. Vol. III, no. 125. 22 November 1902. p. 8. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
20. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Barristers and Solicitors". *The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District*. Wellington: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
21. "1899 New Zealand general election". 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
22. "Untitled". *The Evening Post*. Vol. LVIII, no. 136. 6 December 1899. p. 6. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
23. "The Wellington Election". *Clutha Leader*. Vol. XXVI, no. 1319. 28 July 1899. p. 5. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
24. "Wellington Election". *The New Zealand Herald*. Vol. XXXV, no. 10697. 10 March 1898. p. 5. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
25. "The Wellington By-Election". *Ashburton Guardian*. Vol. XIX, no. 4439. 8 March 1898. p. 2. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
26. "A Mistake in the Wellington Vote". *The Evening Post*. Vol. LII, no. 1171. 10 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
27. "Page 1 Advertisements Column 3". *The Evening Post*. Vol. LII, no. 161. 28 November 1896. p. 1. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
28. "List of Candidates". *Hawera & Normanby Star*. Vol. XXXIII, no. 3411. 2 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
29. "The Wellington Election". Clutha Leader. 28 July 1899. p. 5. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
30. McRobie 1989, p. 63.
31. "Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1894 Session I, H-19". 1893 New Zealand general election. 1894. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
32. Electoral Act, 1893
33. "New Zealand". *The Marlborough Express*. Vol. XXVIII, no. 17. 21 January 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
34. "Wellington City Election". *Wanganui Herald*. Vol. XXVI, no. 7620. 16 January 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
35. "1890 New Zealand general election". 1891. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
36. "Mr Robert Winter at Wellington". *The Star*. No. 7000. 1 November 1890. p. 4. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
37. "City Election: the polling". *The Evening Post*. Papers Past. 18 February 1878.
38. "Wellington Election". *Grey River Argus*. Papers Past. 19 February 1878.
39. "City Election". *New Zealand Times*. Papers Past. 19 February 1878.
40. "Election: Final Result (go down)". *The Evening Post*. Papers Past. 21 February 1878.
41. "The City election: Official declaration of the poll". *New Zealand Times*. 31 March 1877.
42. "Wellington City election". *The Oamaru Mail*. 28 March 1877.
43. "The General Assembly Election". *The Wellington Independent*. Vol. X, no. 1310. 28 July 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
44. Scholefield, Guy, ed. (1940). *A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : A–L* (PDF). Vol. I. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. pp. 83f. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
45. "The New Zealander". Vol. 11, no. 1010. 22 December 1855. p. 3. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
* McRobie, Alan (1989). *Electoral Atlas of New Zealand*. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) \[First published in 1913\]. *New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984* (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.


title: We Four Girls Are Here to Stay!

abstract: We Four Girls Are Here to Stay! is a VHS released by B*Witched in 1999. It contained their Disney Channel in Concert performance as well as all four full music videos for the singles released from their debut album. The album name comes from the song "We Four Girls", which is included on their debut album, in which Edele scream-sings "We four girls are here to stay!"

text:
# We Four Girls Are Here to Stay!

***We Four Girls Are Here to Stay!*** is a VHS released by *B\*Witched* in 1999. It contained their Disney Channel in Concert performance as well as all four full music videos for the singles released from their debut album. The album name comes from the song "We Four Girls", which is included on their debut album, in which Edele scream-sings "We four girls are here to stay!"

## Track listing

* ***We Four Girls Are Here to Stay!*** **\[EV 50201\]**

**Music videos:**

1. "C'est la Vie"
2. "To You I Belong"
3. "Blame It on the Weatherman"
4. "Rollercoaster" (UK video)
5. "Rollercoaster" (US video)

**Disney Channel "In Concert" Series Special:**

1. "Let's Go – The B\*Witched Jig" (live)
2. "Rollercoaster" (live)
3. "Rev It Up" (live)
4. "To You I Belong" (live)
5. "We Four Girls" (live)
6. "Blame It on the Weatherman" (live)
7. "C'est la Vie" (live)

## InfoBox

| We Four Girls Are Here To Stay! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by B\*Witched | |
| Released | 29 June 1999 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label | Epic / Glow Worm |
| B\*Witched chronology | |
| ***We Four Girls Are Here To Stay!***
(1999) *Jump Up Jump Down Live*
(2000) | |


title: We Sing. (EP)

abstract: We Sing. is the first EP of a three EP collection that was available for a limited time from the singer/songwriter Jason Mraz to help promote his third studio album, We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things.. Physical copies of this EP are rare. It was mainly released for those who pre-ordered We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things from JasonMraz.com. The EP was released on March 18, 2008. The EP is also included on the limited edition version of We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things. which was released on November 18, 2008. It peaked at number 101 on Billboard 200 on April 5, 2008.

text:
# We Sing. (EP)

***We Sing.*** is the first EP of a three EP collection that was available for a limited time from the singer/songwriter Jason Mraz to help promote his third studio album, *We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things.*. Physical copies of this EP are rare. It was mainly released for those who pre-ordered *We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things* from JasonMraz.com. The EP was released on March 18, 2008. The EP is also included on the limited edition version of *We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things.* which was released on November 18, 2008. It peaked at number 101 on *Billboard* 200 on April 5, 2008.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'm Yours (From the Casa Nova Sessions)" | 4:47 |
| 2. | "Live High (From an Avocado Salad Session)" | 4:01 |
| 3. | "If It Kills Me (From the Casa Nova Sessions)" | 5:00 |
| 4. | "A Beautiful Mess (From a Raining Jane Session)" | 5:17 |

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 101 |

## InfoBox

| We Sing. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Jason Mraz | |
| Released | March 18, 2008 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 19:05 |
| Jason Mraz chronology | |
| *iTunes Live: London Sessions*
(2008) ***We Sing.***
(2008) *We Dance.*
(2008) | |


title: We Should Be Sleeping

abstract: "We Should Be Sleeping" is a song by American rock singer Eddie Money, released in 1987 as the fourth single from his sixth studio album, Can't Hold Back (1986). It reached number 90 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# We Should Be Sleeping

"**We Should Be Sleeping**" is a song by American rock singer Eddie Money, released in 1987 as the fourth single from his sixth studio album, *Can't Hold Back* (1986). It reached number 90 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Critical reception

Upon its release, *Billboard* described "We Should Be Sleeping" as "power pop" which "rocks to a foot-stomping beat with raw and gritty energy". *Cash Box* noted that the combination of a "great hook", "memorable lyrics" and a "driving rock melody" made the song a "shoe-in for instant radio acceptance" and added, "Healthy AOR play earlier this year combined wiwth Money's recent top 40 chart successes should propel this one immediately."

## InfoBox

| "We Should Be Sleeping" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Eddie Money | |
| from the album  *Can't Hold Back* | |
| B-side | "Same" |
| Released | 1987 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | * Eddie Money * Kevin Burns * Greg Lowry * Glen Thompson |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Eddie Money singles chronology | |
| "Endless Nights"
(1987) "**We Should Be Sleeping**"
(1987) "Walk on Water"
(1988) | |