abstract: Hegne Township is a township in Norman County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 48 at the 2000 census. Hegne Township was organized in 1881, and named for Andrew E. Hegne, a Norwegian settler.

text:
# Hegne Township, Norman County, Minnesota

**Hegne Township** is a township in Norman County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 48 at the 2000 census.

Hegne Township was organized in 1881, and named for Andrew E. Hegne, a Norwegian settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.5 square miles (92 km2), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 48 people, 23 households, and 16 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.4 inhabitants per square mile (0.54/km2). There were 33 housing units at an average density of 0.9 per square mile (0.35/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 23 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.56.

In the township the population was spread out, with 14.6% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 14.6% from 25 to 44, 41.7% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $45,417. Males had a median income of $16,875 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,776. There were 11.8% of families and 8.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 16.7% of those over 64.

## InfoBox

| Hegne Township, Minnesota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Hegne Township, MinnesotaLocation within the state of MinnesotaHegne Township, MinnesotaHegne Township, Minnesota (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 47°17′32″N 96°38′19″W / 47.29222°N 96.63861°W / 47.29222; -96.63861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Norman |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.5 sq mi (92.1 km2) |
| Land | 35.5 sq mi (92.1 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 886 ft (270 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 48 |
| Density | 1.4/sq mi (0.5/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 27-28178 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0664437 |


title: Naucleopsis

abstract: Naucleopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes 25 species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Honduras to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil.

text:
# Naucleopsis

***Naucleopsis*** is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes 25 species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Honduras to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil.

## Species

25 species are accepted.

## Further reading

* Shrestha, T.; Kopp, B.; Bisset, N. G. (1992). "The Moraceae-based dart poisons of South America. Cardiac glycosides of Maquira and Naucleopsis species". *Journal of Ethnopharmacology*. **37** (2): 129–143. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90071-X. PMID 1434687.

## InfoBox

| *Naucleopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Tribe: | Castilleae |
| Genus: | *Naucleopsis*<br>Miq. |
|
| Species | |
| 25; see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acanthosphaera* Warb. (1906 publ. 1907) * *Ogcodeia* Bureau (1873) * *Palmolmedia* Ducke (1939) * *Uleodendron* Rauschert (1982) | |


title: Naucleeae

abstract: Naucleeae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 183 species in 24 genera. Species belonging to Naucleeae occur from Australasia, tropical Asia, Madagascar, tropical Africa, and to the Neotropics and North America.

text:
# Naucleeae

**Naucleeae** is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 183 species in 24 genera. Species belonging to Naucleeae occur from Australasia, tropical Asia, Madagascar, tropical Africa, and to the Neotropics and North America.

## Genera

Currently accepted names

Synonyms

## InfoBox

| Naucleeae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The Leichhardt tree (*Nauclea orientalis*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cinchonoideae |
| Tribe: | Naucleeae
DC. ex Miq. |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Nauclea*
L. | |


title: Naung Mung scimitar babbler

abstract: The Naung Mung scimitar babbler is a bird in the family Pellorneidae, described as new to science in 2005. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the closely related short-tailed scimitar babbler. The Naung Mung scimitar babbler is found in temperate rainforest on steep, sub-Himalayan hillsides. It was discovered in February 2004 in far northern Myanmar, and is named after the village of Naung Mung, the closest settlement to its discovery site. It is believed to be fairly common within its range.

text:
# Naung Mung scimitar babbler

The **Naung Mung scimitar babbler** (***Napothera naungmungensis***) is a bird in the family Pellorneidae, described as new to science in 2005. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the closely related short-tailed scimitar babbler.

The Naung Mung scimitar babbler is found in temperate rainforest on steep, sub-Himalayan hillsides. It was discovered in February 2004 in far northern Myanmar, and is named after the village of Naung Mung, the closest settlement to its discovery site.

It is believed to be fairly common within its range.

* Collar, N.J. 2011. Taxonomic notes on some Asian babblers (Timaliidae). Forktail number 27: 100–102.
* Collar, N. J. & Robson, C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) pp. 70 – 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. *Handbook of the Birds of the World*, Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
* Rappole, John H.; Renner, Swen C.; Shwe, Nay Myo & Sweet, Paul R. (2005): A new species of scimitar-babbler (Timaliidae: *Jabouilleia*) from the sub-Himalayan region of Myanmar *Auk* **122**(4): 1064–1069. \[English with Spanish abstract\] DOI:\[10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122\[1064:ANSOST\]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract

## InfoBox

| Naung Mung scimitar babbler | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Pellorneidae |
| Genus: | *Napothera* |
| Species: | ***N. naungmungensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Napothera naungmungensis***
(Rappole, Renner, Shwe & Sweet, 2005) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Napothera danjoui naungmungensis* * *Rimator naungmungensis* * *Rimator danjoui naungmungensis* * *Jabouilleia naungmungensis* * *Jabouilleia danjoui naungmungensis* | |


title: Heinz Lukas-Kindermann

abstract: Heinz Lukas-Kindermann is a German theatre director and intendant.

text:
# Heinz Lukas-Kindermann

**Heinz Lukas-Kindermann** (born 1 June 1939) is a German theatre director and intendant.

## Life and career

Born in Münster, Lukas-Kindermann is the son of the Austrian theatre scholar Heinz Kindermann. He grew up in Vienna and studied at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. He was then assistant director of Gustav Rudolf Sellner at the Deutsche Oper Berlin. Afterwards he became chief director of the opera at the Stadttheater Bielefeld and later opera director at the Theater Kiel, the Staatstheater Braunschweig, the Staatstheater Nürnberg as well as the Theater Dortmund.

Lukas-Kindermann also worked at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf and Duisburg, the Wiener Staatsoper, the Volksoper Wien, the Opernhaus Zürich, the Staatstheater Hannover, the Berliner Festspiele, but also at the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon, the Savonlinna Opera Festival, the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp, the Staatsoper Prague.

From 1995 to 2004, Lukas-Kindermann was director of the Theater Trier, where he co-founded among other things the Antikenfestspiele. He directed a production of Korngold's *Das Wunder der Heliane* in Brno.


title: Heinz Maier-Leibnitz

abstract: Heinz Maier-Leibnitz was a German physicist. He made contributions to nuclear spectroscopy, coincidence measurement techniques, radioactive tracers for biochemistry and medicine, and neutron optics. He was an influential educator and an advisor to the Federal Republic of Germany on nuclear programs. During World War II, Maier-Leibnitz worked at the Institute of Physics of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research, in Heidelberg. After the war, he spent a year working in North America, after which he returned to the Institute of Physics. In 1952, he assumed the Chair for Technical Physics and directorship of the Laboratory for Technical Physics at the Technische Hochschule München. He became a leader in establishing and building centers which used nuclear reactors as neutron sources for research. The first was the Research Reactor Munich, which was the seed for the entire Garching research campus of the Technische Hochschule München. The second was the German-French project to construct a high-flux neutron source and found the Institut Laue–Langevin in Grenoble, France; he was also its first director. His leadership also helped establish the Physics Department at the Technische Hochschule München. Maier-Leibnitz was the chairman of a special committee for designing the German Nuclear Program, and thus he was the architect of the first full-scale nuclear program of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was a signatory of the Göttingen Manifest. In his honor, the German Research Foundation annually awards six scientists with the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Preis. The research reactor Forschungsreaktor München II is officially named Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz.

text:
# Heinz Maier-Leibnitz

**Heinz Maier-Leibnitz** (28 March 1911, in Esslingen am Neckar – 16 December 2000, in Allensbach) was a German physicist. He made contributions to nuclear spectroscopy, coincidence measurement techniques, radioactive tracers for biochemistry and medicine, and neutron optics. He was an influential educator and an advisor to the Federal Republic of Germany on nuclear programs.

During World War II, Maier-Leibnitz worked at the Institute of Physics of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research, in Heidelberg. After the war, he spent a year working in North America, after which he returned to the Institute of Physics. In 1952, he assumed the Chair for Technical Physics and directorship of the Laboratory for Technical Physics at the *Technische Hochschule München*. He became a leader in establishing and building centers which used nuclear reactors as neutron sources for research. The first was the Research Reactor Munich, which was the seed for the entire Garching research campus of the *Technische Hochschule München*. The second was the German-French project to construct a high-flux neutron source and found the *Institut Laue–Langevin* in Grenoble, France; he was also its first director. His leadership also helped establish the Physics Department at the *Technische Hochschule München*. Maier-Leibnitz was the chairman of a special committee for designing the German Nuclear Program, and thus he was the architect of the first full-scale nuclear program of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was a signatory of the Göttingen Manifest.

In his honor, the German Research Foundation annually awards six scientists with the *Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Preis*. The research reactor *Forschungsreaktor München II* is officially named *Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz*.

## Education

Maier-Leibnitz studied physics at the University of Stuttgart and the University of Göttingen. He received his doctorate in 1935, from the University of Göttingen, under the Nobel Laureate James Franck and Georg Joos – Franck had emigrated from Germany in 1933 and his successor was Joos. Maier-Leibnitz was in the field of atomic physics, and he discovered metastable, negative helium ions, which later had applications in particle accelerators.

## Career

Shortly after receipt of his doctorate in 1935, Maier-Leibnitz became an assistant to Walther Bothe, Director of the *Institut für Physik* (Institute for Physics) of the *Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für medizinische Forschung* (KWImF, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research), in Heidelberg. \[Note: After World War II, the KWImF was renamed the Max-Planck Institut für medizinische Forschung. In 1958, Bothe's *Institut für Physik* was spun off and elevated to become the *Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik* (MPIK, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics).\] Bothe had first met Maier-Leibnitz while on a recruiting trip to the University of Göttingen during which Robert Pohl and Georg Joos highly recommended Maier-Leibnitz for his intelligence and creativity. Maier-Leibnitz arrived at the Institute for Physics shortly after the arrival of Wolfgang Gentner, who became recognized as Bothe's second in command and took Maier-Leibnitz under his wing to become his mentor, critic, and a close friend. Maier-Leibnitz worked on nuclear spectroscopy, electron-gamma-ray coincidence measurements, radioactive tracers, and energy conservation in Compton scattering.

In the early years of World War II, Maier-Leibnitz first served in the German air defense and then as a meteorologist at air bases in France. In 1942, he returned to continue his work with Bothe, who, since 1939, had been a principal in the German nuclear energy project, also known as the *Uranverein* (Uranium Club).

After World War II, due to the ravages of war and the Allied occupation policies, Bothe's Institute for Physics fell on hard times. Maier-Leibnitz, Kurt Starke, and other younger colleagues of Bothe left for employment in North America. Maier-Leibnitz left in the spring of 1947. When his contract expired in the spring of 1948, he returned to again work for Bothe. Maier-Leibnitz continued to work on nuclear spectroscopy and radioactive tracers in biochemistry and medicine. He also took up the study of positron annihilation in solids, which became a new tool for measuring the momentum distribution of bound electrons.

In 1952, upon the retirement of Walther Meissner, Maier-Leibnitz assumed the *Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik* (Chair for Technical Physics) and directorship of the *Laboratorium für technische Physik* (Laboratory for Technical Physics) at the *Technische Hochschule München* (in 1970 renamed the *Technische Universität München*). This became the nucleus of the Maier-Leibnitz school for nuclear solid state physics. The far-sightedness of Maier-Leibnitz led to reorganization and expansion of physics at the *Technische Hochschule München* and the formation of the Physics Department in 1965. One of his first major expansions was done with the appointment of Nikolaus Riehl, who had returned to Germany in 1955, after having been taken to the Soviet Union in 1945 to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. Riehl was an authority on the purification of uranium, and he greatly contributed to bringing about the construction of a new research tool at the *Technische Hochschule München*. Through the initiative and leadership of Maier-Leibnitz, the *Forschungsreaktor München* (FRM, Research Reactor Munich) was built in Garching bei München; it was the first nuclear reactor built in Germany. This reactor, popularly called the *Atomei* (atomic egg), based on its characteristic shape, was built in 1956 and became operational in 1957. Rather than being used to study reactor physics and technology, the swimming-pool-type reactor was used as a neutron source, and it became a versatile tool for interdisciplinary research. Furthermore, it was the seed for the entire Garching research campus. A second reactor built nearby, *Forschungsreaktor München II* (FRM II, Research Reactor Munich II), went critical for the first time four years after the death of Maier-Leibnitz; it was named the *Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz* in his honor.

During 1956 and 1957, Maier-Leibnitz was a member of the *Arbeitskreis Kernphysik* (Nuclear Physics Working Group) of the *Fachkommission II „Forschung und Nachwuchs“* (Commission II “Research and Growth”) of the *Deutschen Atomkommission* (DAtK, German Atomic Energy Commission). Other members of the Nuclear Physics Working Group in both 1956 and 1957 were: Werner Heisenberg (chairman), Hans Kopfermann (vice-chairman), Fritz Bopp, Walther Bothe, Wolfgang Gentner, Otto Haxel, Willibald Jentschke, Josef Mattauch, Wolfgang Riezler, Wilhelm Walcher and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker. Wolfgang Paul was also a member of the group during 1957.

Maier-Leibnitz was also a member of the *Arbeitskreis Kernreaktoren* (Nuclear Reactor Working Group) of the DAtK, and it was considered to be the most active and influential board of the DAtK. Some of the other members of the group were Erich Bagge, Wolfgang Finkelnburg, and Karl Wirtz. For the first decade of nuclear energy development in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), it was the center of decision making, and it had representative membership from German industry. Maier-Leibnitz was also the chairman of a special committee for designing the *Deutsches Atomprogramm* (German Nuclear Program). From this position, he became the architect of the first full-scale nuclear program of the FRG.

In 1961, became an *ordentlicher Professor* (professor ordinarius) of technical physics at the *Technische Hochschule München*. Also in 1961, Rudolf L. Mößbauer, a former student of Maier-Leibnitz at *Technische Hochschule München*, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation in solids known as the Mößbauer Effect, which led to numerous applications in solid state physics, chemistry, biophysics, medicine and archeology. Maier-Leibnitz, along with his colleagues Wilhelm Brenig, Nikolaus Riehl and Wolfgang Wild, in a memorandum in 1962, proposed the establishment of a Physics Department at the *Technische Hochschule München*. This was used as bargaining tool to bring Mößbauer from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena back to the *Technische Hochschule München* in 1964. The Physics Department was founded on 1 January 1965, replacing the three former independent institutes, but now with ten full professors, one of which was Maier-Leibnitz; the three institutes replaced were the *Physikalisches Institut*, the *'Laboratorium für technische Physik*, and the *Institut für Theoretische Physik*.

Through his experience and expertise in instrumental techniques, particularly neutron optics, Maier-Leibnitz was one of the first to realize that the neutron flux from the FRM was too low for some interesting experiments. Maier-Leibnitz was instrumental, along with Louis Néel, in bringing about the German-French project to construct a high-flux neutron source and founded the *Institut Laue-Langevin* in Grenoble in 1967, named in honor of the physicist Max von Laue and Paul Langevin. The reactor had the first source of cold neutrons. From 1967 to 1972, Maier-Leibnitz was the first director of the *Institut Laue-Langevin*.

After the end of his term as director of the *Institut Laue-Langevin*, Maier-Leibnitz held other positions, including:

* 1972  1973: Member of the *Wissenschaftsrat* (German Council of Science and Humanities)
* 1972  1975: President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
* 1973  1974: Chairman of the *Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte* (Association of German Natural Scientists and Physicians)
* 1973  1983: Founding Council of the Carl-Friedrich-von-Siemens Foundation
* 1974  1979: President of the *Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft* (DFG, German Research Foundation)

After 27 years of service at the *Technische Universität München* (formerly the *Technische Hochschule München*), Maier-Leibnitz achieved emeritus status in 1979.

Maier-Leibnitz was a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, various academies of sciences and humanities (Heidelberg, Bavaria, Flanders, India, Sweden, Finland, France and Austria), of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was co-editor of several journals, among them Nukleonik.

Since 1979, the *Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Preis* (Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize) has been annually given in his honor. The prize is funded by the *Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung* (BMBF, German Ministry of Education and Research), and it is awarded by a selection committee appointed by the *Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft* (DFG, German Research Foundation) and the BMBF.

Maier-Leibnitz was a signatory of the manifesto of the *Göttinger Achtzehn* (Göttingen Eighteen).

Maier-Leibnitz was interested in cooking as a hobby, and he was the author of the cookbook *Kochbuch für Füchse*.

## Honors

Maier-Leibnitz was awarded a number of honors, including:

## Notable Articles by Maier-Leibnitz

* Heinz Maier-Leibnitz: *Ausbeutemessungen beim Stoß langsamer Elektronen mit Edelgasatomen*, Zeitschrift für Physik 95, 499–523 (July, 1935).
* H. Maier-Leibnitz: Absolute Zählrohrmessungen an γ-Strahlen, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 1, 243 (1946).
* H. Maier-Leibnitz, W. Bothe: *Experimental Nuclear Physics*, Science 126, 246–247 (9 August 1957).
* H. Maier-Leibnitz and T. Springer: *Ein Interferometer für langsame Neutronen*, Zeitschrift für Physik 167, 386–402 (August, 1962).
* H. Maier-Leibnitz and T. Springer: *The use of neutron optical devices on beam-hole experiments*, J. Nucl. Energy 17, 217–225 (1963).
* H. Maier-Leibnitz: *Grundlagen für die Beurteilung von Intensitäts- und Genauigkeitsfragen bei Neutronenstreumessungen*, Nukleonik 8, 61 (1966: Invention of the neutron backscattering spectrometer).
* Friedrich Hund, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, and Erich Mollwo: *Physics in Göttingen with Franck, Born and Pohl*, Eur. J. Phys. 9, 188-194 (1988).

## Books by Maier-Leibnitz

* Peter Kafka and Heinz Maier-Leibnitz *Streitbriefe über Kernenergie. Zwei Physiker über Wissenschaft, Fortschritt und die Folgen* (Piper, 1982).
* Heinz Maier-Leibnitz *Lernschock Tschernobyl* (Interfrom, 1986).
* Heinz Maier-Leibnitz *Kochbuch für Füchse. Große Küche - schnell und gastlich \[mit Hinweisen für d. Mikrowellenherd\]* (Piper, 1986).
* Peter Kafka and Heinz Maier-Leibnitz *Kernenergie: Ja oder Nein? Eine Auseinandersetzung zwischen zwei Physikern* (Piper, 1987).

## Bibliography

* Eckert, Michael *Neutrons and politics: Maier-Leibnitz and the emergence of pile neutron research in the FRG*, *Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences* Volume 19, Number 1, pp. 81 – 113 (1988).
* Edingshaus, Anne-Lydia *Heinz Maier-Leibnitz: Ein halbes Jahrhundert experimentelle Physik* (Piper, 1986).
* Kienle, Paul *Heinz Meier-Leibnitz*, *Physics Today* Volume 54, Number 8, pp. 65 – 66 (2001).
* Walker, Mark *German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 19391949* (Cambridge, 1993) ISBN 0-521-43804-7.

## InfoBox

| Heinz Maier-Leibnitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (1974). | |
| Born | Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
(1911-03-28)28 March 1911
Esslingen am Neckar, Germany |
| Died | 16 December 2000(2000-12-16) (aged 89)
Allensbach, Germany |
| Education | University of Stuttgart
University of Göttingen |
| Known for | Neutron backscattering
Nuclear spectroscopy |
| Awards | Stern–Gerlach Medal (1996)
Otto Hahn Prize (1986)
Wilhelm Exner Medal (1985)
Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts (1976) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Atomic physics |
| Institutions | Technical University of Munich
Institut Laue–Langevin |
| Doctoral advisor | James Franck
Georg Joos |
| Doctoral students | Rudolf Mössbauer |
|  | |


title: Near North Riverfront, St. Louis

abstract: Near North Riverfront is a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Between 1990 and 2000 Near North Riverfront led the city in percentage population growth, growing 89% over the decade. Despite this large percentage growth, Near North Riverfront is largely non-residential and so the 89% percent gain represented a numerical gain of only 306 persons. The neighborhood is served by major city streets such as Tucker Boulevard, West Florissant Avenue, and Broadway Boulevard.

text:
# Near North Riverfront, St. Louis

**Near North Riverfront** is a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Between 1990 and 2000 Near North Riverfront led the city in percentage population growth, growing 89% over the decade. Despite this large percentage growth, Near North Riverfront is largely non-residential and so the 89% percent gain represented a numerical gain of only 306 persons. The neighborhood is served by major city streets such as Tucker Boulevard, West Florissant Avenue, and Broadway Boulevard.

## Demographics

In 2020 Near North Riverfront's racial makeup was 50.6% Black, 42.5% White, 0.3% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 2.1% Two or More Races, and 1.8% Some Other Race. 3.8% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | 342 |  |
| 2000 | 648 | +89.5% |
| 2010 | 553 | −14.7% |
| 2020 | 395 | −28.6% |

38°39′34″N 90°11′25″W / 38.6595°N 90.1902°W / 38.6595; -90.1902

## InfoBox

| Near North Riverfront | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of St. Louis | |
| Montgomery and Broadway, Near North Riverfront, June 2013 | |
| Location (red) of the Near North Riverfront within St. Louis | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| City | St. Louis |
| Wards | , , |
| Government | |
| Aldermen |  |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.17 sq mi (5.6 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 395 |
| Density | 180/sq mi (70/km2) |
| ZIP code(s) | Parts of 63102, 63147 |
| Area code(s) | 314 |
| Website | stlouis-mo.gov |


title: Heinrich Wilhelm von Pabst

abstract: Heinrich Wilhelm von Pabst was a German agriculturalist. In his teens, he served as an agricultural apprentice on the estates of Freiherrn von Riedesel, and afterwards, spent a few years engaged in study trips throughout Germany. In 1823 he became a teacher and accountant at the agricultural academy of Hohenheim. In 1831 he received the title of Ökonomierat and was named perennial secretary of agricultural organizations in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Subsequently, he opened an agricultural school in Kranichstein, near Darmstadt. In 1839 he was named director of the agricultural school in Eldena, and in 1845 returned to the Hohenheim agricultural academy as manager. In 1856 he was appointed as Austrian Ministerialrat for land management as well as director of the learning establishment in Altenburg. In 1861 he became director of land management at the Ministry of Trade and Economics in Vienna.

text:
# Heinrich Wilhelm von Pabst

**Heinrich Wilhelm von Pabst** (26 September 1798, in Maar, near Lauterbach  10 July 1868, in Hütteldorf) was a German agriculturalist.

In his teens, he served as an agricultural apprentice on the estates of Freiherrn von Riedesel, and afterwards, spent a few years engaged in study trips throughout Germany. In 1823 he became a teacher and accountant at the agricultural academy of Hohenheim. In 1831 he received the title of *Ökonomierat* and was named perennial secretary of agricultural organizations in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Subsequently, he opened an agricultural school in Kranichstein, near Darmstadt.

In 1839 he was named director of the agricultural school in Eldena, and in 1845 returned to the Hohenheim agricultural academy as manager. In 1856 he was appointed as Austrian *Ministerialrat* for land management as well as director of the learning establishment in Altenburg. In 1861 he became director of land management at the Ministry of Trade and Economics in Vienna.

## Selected works

* *Anleitung zur Rindviehzucht und zur verschiedenartigen Benutzung des Hornviehes*, 1829  Instructions for cattle breeding and diverse uses of horned cattle.
* *Allgemeine Grundsätze des Ackerbaues*, 1841  General principles of agriculture.
* *Anleitung zur zweckmäßigen Kultur und Bereitung des Flachses*, 1846  Instructions on the effective cultivation and preparation of flax.
* *Landwirthschaftliche Erfahrungen von Hohenheim*, 1849  Agricultural experiences at Hohenheim.
* *Anleitung zur Rindviehzucht*, 1851  Instructions for cattle breeding.
* *Die landwirthschaftliche Taxationslehre*, 1851  Agricultural taxation lessons.
* *Lehrbuch der Landwirthschaft*, 1861  Textbook of agriculture.


abstract: Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division is a tenant command located at Naval Base Ventura County in Port Hueneme, California and is a component of the United States Navy's Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). In addition to its primary location at Port Hueneme, the division operates detachments at White Sands, New Mexico; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and Louisville, Kentucky.

text:
# Naval Surface Warfare Center Port Hueneme

**Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division** (**NSWC PHD**) is a tenant command located at Naval Base Ventura County in Port Hueneme, California and is a component of the United States Navy's Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). In addition to its primary location at Port Hueneme, the division operates detachments at White Sands, New Mexico; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and Louisville, Kentucky.

## History

NSWC PHD was founded in 1963 as the Naval Ship Missile Systems Engineering Station. It was established to provide overall technical support for the new guided missiles—RIM-2 Terrier, RIM-8 Talos and RIM-24 Tartar—that were being introduced into the naval fleet. Port Hueneme was chosen as the site for this operation because of its deep water port, its proximity to the US Navy’s missile testing range at Point Mugu, California and the availability of space at the already operating Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme.

Chartered as an In-Service Engineering Agent, the newly established organization emphasized onboard assistance to ship crews, analyzed problems and requirements and developed engineering and logistics improvements to the guided missile systems. The command’s engineering responsibilities soon expanded beyond missiles, assuming engineering work for many new weapon and combat systems used by the Navy’s surface fleet. The workforce also took on the responsibility of providing logistics support—referring to the procurement, maintenance and transportation of what the fleet needed—including maintenance and repair, training manuals, essential spare parts, tools and test equipment. The command also adopted the program of underway replenishment, which allows ships to receive fuel, ammunition and supplies while at sea.

The command supports new technologies and innovations to sustain a wide variety of weapon, combat and warfare systems. NSWC PHD is focusing its technical capabilities on next generation in-service engineering, which involves direct connectivity to the fleet on a global basis and the immediate availability of round-the-clock access to products, services and fleet support capabilities.

## Services

NSWC PHD's Technical Capabilities include in-service engineering, test and evaluation and integrated logistics support for the following:

* Strike force interoperability theater warfare systems
* Surface combat systems
* Surface warfare systems
* Underway replenishment systems
* Surface gun systems
* Surface missile systems
* Surface missile launcher systems
* Radar systems
* Directed-energy weapons

## InfoBox

| Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of United States Navy | |
| Coordinates | 34°09′13.164″N 119°12′52.427″W / 34.15365667°N 119.21456306°W / 34.15365667; -119.21456306 |


title: Healy's Bridge railway station

abstract: Healy's Bridge railway station was on the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway in County Cork, Ireland.

text:
# Healy's Bridge railway station

**Healy's Bridge railway station** was on the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway in County Cork, Ireland.

## History

The station opened on 8 August 1887.

Passenger services were withdrawn on 31 December 1934.

## Routes

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Leemount |  | Cork and Muskerry Light Railway
Cork-Coachford |  | Coachford Junction |

## Further reading

* R.V.J. Butt (1995). *The Directory of Railway Stations*. Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-85260-508-1

## InfoBox

| Healy's Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | County Cork
Ireland |
| Coordinates | 51°54′37″N 8°34′44″W / 51.9104°N 8.5788°W / 51.9104; -8.5788 |
| History | |
| Original company | Cork and Muskerry Light Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Cork and Muskerry Light Railway |
| Post-grouping | Great Southern Railways |
| Key dates | |
| 8 August 1887 | Station opens |
| 31 December 1934 | Station closes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Healy's BridgeLocation within Ireland | |


title: Helen Thomson

abstract: Helen MacLeod Thomson is a former member of the Yolo County Board of Supervisors and a former Democratic assemblywoman from California's 8th Assembly district. Thomson was first elected to the assembly in 1996 and served three two-year terms. She was the first of what have become three consecutive women from Davis to be elected to this seat, followed by Lois Wolk and Mariko Yamada.

text:
# Helen Thomson

**Helen MacLeod Thomson** is a former member of the Yolo County Board of Supervisors and a former Democratic assemblywoman from California's 8th Assembly district. Thomson was first elected to the assembly in 1996 and served three two-year terms. She was the first of what have become three consecutive women from Davis to be elected to this seat, followed by Lois Wolk and Mariko Yamada.

## Political career

Helen Thomson was elected in 1974 to the Davis Joint Unified School District Board of Education. She was elected to the Yolo County Board of Supervisors in 1986 and re-elected in 1990 and 1994. She won the seat in the California State Assembly in 1996, and served three terms. In 2002, when her assembly term ended, Thomson again won a seat on the Yolo County Board of Supervisors, and was re-elected without opposition in June 2006. Thomson retired from the Board of Supervisors in 2010, and was succeeded by Don Saylor.

## Personal

Helen Thomson is a registered nurse, the mother of three and a grandmother of four. She lives in Davis with her husband, Captane P. Thomson, M.D., a practicing psychiatrist, and former head of the California Psychiatric Association.

Helen Thomson - Yolo County Board of Supervisors Website

## InfoBox

| Helen Thomson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the California State Assembly
from the 8th district | |
| **In office**
December 2, 1996 - November 30, 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas M. Hannigan |
| Succeeded by | Lois Wolk |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-06-08) June 8, 1940
Massachusetts |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Captane P. Thomson, MD |
| Children | 3 |
|  | |


title: Helen Thorington

abstract: Helen Louise Thorington was an American radio artist, composer, performer, net artist and writer. She was also the founder of New Radio and Performing Arts (1981), a nonprofit organization based in New York City; the founder and executive producer of New American Radio (1987–1998); and the founder and co-director of Turbulence.org (1996–2016). Thorington began composing in 1974; her first works were aired on National Public Radio on such programs as Options, Voices in the Wind, and All Things Considered. In 1978, she began composing music for dance, collaborating with Bill T. Jones, Arnie Zane, and Lois Welk. She has performed nationally, including at Kennedy Center, Jacob's Pillow, Dance Theatre Workshop, and The Kitchen. Thorington began creating Internet art in the mid-1990s, co-producing several multimedia, hypertext narratives and networked performances that culminated in an installation of the seminal work, Adrift, at The New Museum in 2001.

text:
# Helen Thorington

**Helen Louise Thorington** (November 16, 1928 – April 13, 2023) was an American radio artist, composer, performer, net artist and writer. She was also the founder of New Radio and Performing Arts (1981), a nonprofit organization based in New York City; the founder and executive producer of New American Radio (1987–1998); and the founder and co-director of Turbulence.org (1996–2016).

Thorington began composing in 1974; her first works were aired on National Public Radio on such programs as *Options*, *Voices in the Wind*, and *All Things Considered*. In 1978, she began composing music for dance, collaborating with Bill T. Jones, Arnie Zane, and Lois Welk. She has performed nationally, including at Kennedy Center, Jacob's Pillow, Dance Theatre Workshop, and The Kitchen. Thorington began creating Internet art in the mid-1990s, co-producing several multimedia, hypertext narratives and networked performances that culminated in an installation of the seminal work, *Adrift*, at The New Museum in 2001.

## Early life and education

Helen Thorington (nickname "Teedy") was born in Philadelphia and grew up in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Richard Wainwright Thorington and Katherine Louise (Moffat) Thorington, and sister of Richard W. Thorington Jr. She was a graduate of The Baldwin School, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania and Wellesley College (1950). After graduating with a BA in Biblical History, and attending Union Theological Seminary, New York (1951), Thorington discovered her passion for English literature. She studied English Literature at the University of Minnesota (1956–1958); continued with *Special Studies in the English Comic Novel* taught by John Bayley (writer), New College, Oxford University, England (1959–1961); and completed coursework for a PhD in English literature at Rutgers University (1965–1967). She compiled the index for *Growth and Culture: A Photographic Study of Balinese Childhood* by Margaret Mead, and worked as a copy editor at G. P. Putnam's Sons.

## Death

Thorington died of complications of Alzheimer's disease on April 13, 2023, at the age of 94.

## Career

### Writing

Thorington wrote and published experimental fiction and art criticism. She published short stories and other fiction in the 1970s. *The Story,* which aired on Public Radio in 1979, was published in Chelsea 36 (1977) and Chelsea 38 (1979). Written in 1977, *The Author's Story (November 15*) was published in *Lost Areas* by Oil Books, Sugar Run, Pennsylvania. *The Longest Story: A Work in Progress for Adding Machine Tape* (1975) was published in *Sixth Assembling/A Collection of Otherwise Unpublishable Manuscripts*, compiled by Henry Korn, Richard Kostelanetz and Mike Metz. In February 2021 her essay “The Making of American Radio Art” was published in PAJ (journal) by MIT Press.

Rip on/off (Switzerland) published a collection of Thorington's texts, *Il est si difficile de trouver le commencement,* in 2017. Thorington co-authored with Jacki Apple the limited edition artist's book, *The Tower* in 2015; published in Contemporary Music Review; and was commissioned by Tate Modern, London (2008) to write *Radio, Art, Life: New Contexts*. Her essays have been published in several books, including *First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game* and *Unsitely Aesthetics - Uncertain Practices In Contemporary Art.*

### Sound Art

#### Radio

Thorington found her way to sound through her writing. After publishing *Adventures at Frog Hollow* in 1973, she was invited to produce a musical version for *Towanda Performing Arts*, Towanda, Pennsylvania. Having no musical experience, she learned how to use an EML 101 Synthesizer and began creating her own compositions, including Trying to Think (1974) which influenced such artists as Laurie Anderson and Jacki Apple. Later, she began doing her own Field recordings − bats, oil pumps, trains, parrots, frogs − which she mixed with her synthetic sounds, her own and others' voices, and solo improvisations by musicians such as violinist *Aurora Manuel* ("Piece for Oil Pump and Violin"); cellist Deidre Murray ("Dracula's Wives"); and accordionist *Guy Klucsevek* ("North Country").

Thorington described her approach to sound this way: "My focus ... has been on radiophonic space. One of the things that distinguishes the electronic media is the ability to separate sound from its source, to remove environmental sound from its location, vocal sound from a person; to be able to cut, manipulate, and alter it in the creation of another kind of work. I liken this to the science of gene manipulation. We've reduced — or, I as a practicing radio artist, reduce — sound to sound data. I am not concerned that it's music, that it's an environment, that it's voice."

In 1979, independent public radio producer Larry Josephson invited Thorington to the Airlie Seminar on the Art of Radio in Quantico, Virginia, where she premiered *Dream Sequence*. National Public Radio (US) purchased it, and it was among the first radio art works broadcast nationally (1977). Thorington was also commissioned by RAI (Italian radio), RNE (Spanish Radio) and ORF (Austrian radio). Her collaborators included Suzan-Lori Parks, Regine Beyer, Shelley Hirsch, Pamela Z, Agnieszka Waligorska and Sarah Montague.

Thorington spoke at international Radio art conferences and served as the Radio Editor for EAR Magazine from 1987 to 1989. She also curated the CD series Radius which was dedicated to presenting experimental works made for radio broadcast to a wider audience. Her documentaries, dramas, and sound compositions have been aired on radio, internationally, for the past thirty-five years. The New American Radio archive is now in the permanent collection of the Library of Congress.

##### Selected works

* *Calling to Mind* (2005)
* *Liberty and Ellis-Fresh Perspectives* (2000)
* *Fleeting Encounters* (1999)
* *Parker's MUD Journal* (1997)
* *North Country* (1996)
* *Story Space* (1995)
* *The Hunt Is On: Reflections on the Human Genome Project* (1994)
* *Going Between* (1993)
* *In the Devil's Footsteps* (1993)
* *Dracula's Wives* (1992)
* *Loco-motive* (1992)
* *Recipe for a Lark* (1992)
* *Creative Tracks: Native American Artists in the '90s* (1992)
* *Partial Perceptions* (1991—92)
* *Terra dell'Immaginazione* (1990)
* *Aphids and Others* (1990)
* *In the Dark* (1990)
* *Congruent Appeal* (1989)
* *One to Win* (1989)
* *Straight Ahead* (1989)
* *Fiddling Around* (1987)
* *Hard City Rock: New York City in Sound* (1987)
* *Natural Classic* (1987)
* *Building a Universe, Part 2: Rifts, Absences and Omissions* (1987)
* *Parrot Talk* (1986)
* *Building a Universe, Part 1* (1985)
* *The American Buffalo* (1980)
* *The Dream Sequence, Part 1 & 2* (1977)
* *Trying to Think* (1974)

#### Dance

Thorington became a participant in the experimental dance scene when she met Bill T. Jones and Arnie Zane through the *American Dance Asylum* (ADA), which they formed with Lois Welk in the late 1970s. After the ADA moved to Binghamton, New York, Thorington created the sound score for Welk's *Matrix*, which was performed in concert at the Robeson Center (Binghamton) and The Warren Street Performance Loft (New York City); and *The Parking Ramp Dance*, which was performed on Henry and Waters Streets' parking ramp, Binghamton. Her early scores for Jones and Zane included the trilogy *Monkey Run Road*, *Blauvelt Mountain*, and *Valley Cottage*. Two of these works were revived for the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company's 20th anniversary performances at Jacob's Pillow (MA) and The Kitchen (NY). Thorington created the score for Jones' *Echo* (1979); *Sisyphus* (1980); and *Open Places*, a "group work" at the Battery Park Landfill, New York City. She also collaborated with choreographers Victoria Marks, Susan Salanger, Peter Anastos, and Julie Wright.

#### Live performance

Thorington performed her compositions live at numerous venues in New York City, including Dance Theatre Workshop, Experimental Intermedia Foundation (EIF), and Roulette. In 1981, an evening was dedicated to three of her works – *A Quiet Place*, *A Short History of Hats*, and *Good Morning, Good Evening, Where Are You? Conversation #1* – using tape recorder, and acoustic and electronic instruments. *Helen Thorington: An Evening of Music,* curated by Phil Niblock at the EIF in 1983, included Oil Pumps "a new piece for violin and oil pump; and another for cello and rubbed glass."

In 1997, Thorington co-curated the performance series *Performing Bodies and Smart Machines* at the Whitney Museum of American Art at Philip Morris with Toni Dove and Jeanette Vuocolo.

#### Video

Thorington composed sound scores for Barbara Hammer's *Optic Nerve*, which premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and the Whitney Biennial (1987), and *Endangered*, which was shown at the 1989 Whitney Biennial.

#### Awards and Commissions

* Deep Wireless Commission (2004)
* Honourable Recognition, PRIX BOHEMIA RADIO FESTIVAL, Czechoslovakia (2003)
* Winner, AETHER FESTIVAL, KUNM-FM, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2003)
* New York Foundation on the Arts Creative Fellowship Award: Emerging Forms for Digital Art (2001)
* Creative Capital Grant for Adrift (2000)
* Creative Capital Grant for Adrift (1999)
* New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA), Music Commission (1998)
* Meet the Composer Commissioning Program Award (1997)
* Artist in Residence, Harvestworks, Studio Pass, New York City (1996)
* Meet the Composer Commissioning Program Award (1995)
* New York State Council on the Arts, Individual Artists Award, Media (1995)
* Paul Robeson Fund, Radio Grant (1995)
* Paul Robeson Fund, Radio Grant (1994)
* National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), Media Arts Award (1993)
* New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA), Individual Artists Award, Music Commission (1992)
* Electronic Arts Grants Program of the Experimental Television Center (1992)
* First Prize, MACROPHON, the First International Festival of Radio Art, Poland (1991)
* National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), Media Arts Award (1991)
* New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA), Individual Artists Award, Media (with Jerri Allyn) (1990)
* National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), Media Arts Award (1990)

### Not-for-profit

In July 1981, Thorington founded New Radio and Performing Arts, Inc. and, with Associate Director Regine Beyer, began soliciting funds from government and private foundations. They secured enough to produce a series of 6 half-hour programs in 1986; 13 works in 1987; and, in 1987, $156,000 from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting for a 52-part series. The commissioned works were collectively broadcast as *New American Radio* (1987–1998), which went on to commission more than 300 works by national and international artists, including Terry Allen, Jacki Apple, Regine Beyer, Roberto Paci Dalò, Diamanda Galás, Guillermo Gomez-Pena, Shelley Hirsch, Negativland, Pauline Oliveros, Suzan-Lori Parks, Jon Rose and Gregory Whitehead. Thorington also served as executive producer for *New American Radio,* which was distributed worldwide.

In 1996, Thorington cofounded Turbulence.org, an Internet Art commissioning program and website with co-director Jo-Anne Green. Turbulence commissioned and exhibited more than 369 net art and mixed reality works before it became an archive in 2016. Turbulence.org is permanently archived at MEIAC, the Electronic Literature Organization's The NEXT Museum, and the Rose Goldsen Archive of New Media Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. In 2018, Turbulence.org was exhibited at The New Art Fest in Lisbon and *Turbulence: Presentación del archivo digital* at Extremadura and Iberoamericano Museum of Contemporary Art (MEIAC) Badajoz, Spain.

### Networked Art

**Net Art**: Thorington created several works for the Internet, among them *Solitaire* (with Marianne R. Petit and John Neilson), an interactive narrative experiment that invited users to co-author the piece; *North Country, Parts 1 and 2,* a hypertext, nonlinear narrative that can be experienced with or without audio accompaniment; and the multi-location, networked performance, *Adrift*, a cinematic journey across a harbor that included real-time webcam footage, text, 3D graphics, and soundscape. With collaborators Jesse Gilbert and Marek Walczak, *Adrift* was presented at Ars Electronica, Linz, Austria (1997); the tenth anniversary celebration of Kunstradio, Vienna; and the New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York City in 2002, as well as multiple times online. *Adrift* was supported by a Creative Capital grant.

**Networked Performance**: After participating in *PORT: Navigating Digital Culture*, Thorington, with Jesse Gilbert, produced and performed in multiple networked, musical performances on the web beginning in 1998. Their collaborators included Harvestworks, the *Pauline Oliveros Foundation*, and Mills College. Thorington co-founded *Networked\_Performance* (2004–2016) and *Networked\_Music\_Review*(2007–2016), two research blogs that chronicled network-enabled practice. Thorington has lectured internationally, including at the conference *Media in Transition 5: Creativity, Ownership and Collaboration in the Digital Age*, Massachusetts Institute for Technology (2007); *Digital Arts Weeks*, Zurich (2007); and the conference *Sounding Cultures*, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (2011).

### Other

In 2001, Thorington created the sound for *9\_11\_01\_scapes,* which was included in Magnum Photos online audio/visual essay, "September 11" and The September 11 Digital Archive. The sound score was awarded Winner at the Aether Festival, KUNM-FM, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2003); and Honourable Recognition, Prix Bohemia Radio Festival, Czechoslovakia (2003). Thorington taught numerous courses and workshops, including at Emerson College, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Visual Arts, New York University, New York; School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; and Arts Technology Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

## InfoBox

| Helen Thorington | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Helen Louise Thorington
(1928-11-16)November 16, 1928
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | April 13, 2023(2023-04-13) (aged 94)
Lincoln, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Radio artist, sound artist, net artist, writer, founder, producer, director |
| Website | sympoietic.net |


title: Heinrich von Zügel

abstract: Heinrich Johann von Zügel was a German painter who specialized in pictures of farm and domestic animals, often posed with a human in a dramatic or humorous situation.

text:
# Heinrich von Zügel

**Heinrich Johann von Zügel** (22 October 1850, Murrhardt – 30 January 1941, Munich) was a German painter who specialized in pictures of farm and domestic animals, often posed with a human in a dramatic or humorous situation.

## Life

Beginning in 1867, Zügel was a student at the art school in Stuttgart under Bernhard von Neher and Heinrich von Rustige, where he studied animal and genre painting. Two years later, he transferred to the Academy of Fine Arts Munich, but was not inspired by the teaching methods of Karl von Piloty and decided to work independently. Afterwards, he spent some time in Vienna and finally settled in Munich. Anton Braith became an important mentor for him there.

In the early 1880s, he was attracted to the rural scenery in the Dachau District and began to paint outdoors, placing his subjects in a broader landscape setting. Studies undertaken along the Dutch and Belgian coastline in the early 1890s confirmed his attraction to Impressionism, which he had encountered at exhibitions in Paris. From that point on, atmospheric reflections and the play of light and shadow were his primary concerns, while details were subordinated. This led him to become one of the founding members of the Munich Secession.

He spent over forty years on a theme he called "Heavy Work" (mostly portrayals of horses and oxen plowing) and produced over 24 canvases, which give a detailed picture of his artistic development. He continued to paint in a light, impressionistic style until he was in his eighties.

In 1895, he became a Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich, a position he retained until his retirement in 1922. Christian Schad, Maximilian Liebenwein and Wilhelm Stumpf were among his best-known students. One of his last 'Meisterschüler" was Heinz Theis (1894–1966).

In Wörth am Rhein, there is a Memorial Gallery dedicated to his works at the Old City Hall. He spent many summers there, on vacation or with his students. The city benefitted greatly from the modelling fees and the rentals he paid to use their animals, as well as the money his students spent on food and lodging. His works are also on display at the National Gallery (Berlin).

## Major works

* "Das Ochsengespann" (The Ox Team), "Self-portrait" and "View of Murrhardt"" (Municipal Gallery, Murrhardt)
* "Die vor dem Gewitter flüchtende Herde" (Herd Fleeing Before the Storm)
* "Schafe im Erlenhain" (Sheep in the Aldergrove, National Gallery (Berlin))
* "Ochsen am Pflug" (Oxen to the Plow, Old City Hall, Wörth am Rhein)
* "Frühlingssonne und Herbstsonne" (Spring and Autumn Sunshine)

## Sources and further reading

* *Der Tiermaler Heinrich v. Zügel 90 Jahre alt*. In: *Schwaben, Monatshefte für Volkstum und Kultur*, Jg. 1940, Heft 9/10, S. 441–448
* Wilhelm Steigelmann (Ed.): *Heinrich von Zügel und die Wörther Malerschule.* Kaußler, Landau o. J. (1957)
* Eugen Diem: *Heinrich von Zügel, Leben. Schaffen. Werk* (Werkverzeichnis), Verlag Aurel Bongers Recklinghausen 1975, ISBN 3-7647-0277-X
* Eugen Diem: *Heinrich von Zügel und seine Zeit* (u.a. Ergänzung des Werkverzeichnisses), Verlag Aurel Bongers Recklinghausen 1986, ISBN 3-7647-0378-4
* Beate Menke; Christian Unger (Illustrator) (1991), *Heinrich von Zügel, Zum 50. Todesjahr* (in German), Recklinghausen: Bongers, ISBN 3-7647-0424-1
* Elisabeth Feilen: *Heinrich von Zügel und das Malerdorf Wörth am Rhein (1894-1920)*, Saarbrücken 1993 (Dissertation)
* Clemens Jöckle (2001), *Mit der Farbe zeichnen, Heinrich von Zügel (1850–1941)* (in German), Kunstverlag Josef Fink, ISBN 3-933784-63-8
* Elisabeth Feilen: *Länderporträt Bayern, Heinrich von Zügel*, in *Arsprototo*, Ausgabe 1-2011,
* Ingrid Helber, Heide von Berlepsch: *Schwäbischer Impressionismus im Umfeld von Heinrich von Zügel.* Stadt Murrhardt 2011, ISBN 978-3-943069-00-6


title: Heinrichite

abstract: Heinrichite is a monoclinic-prismatic containing arsenic, barium, hydrogen, oxygen, and uranium. The mineral is named after Eberhardt William Heinrich (1918–1991) who first noted it in 1958 in the U.S. State of Oregon.

text:
# Heinrichite

**Heinrichite**  is a monoclinic-prismatic containing arsenic, barium, hydrogen, oxygen, and uranium. The mineral is named after Eberhardt William Heinrich (1918–1991) who first noted it in 1958 in the U.S. State of Oregon.

## Description

Heinrichite is radioactive pale green, pale yellow mineral. Heinrichite fluoresces light-green in longwave and shortwave ultraviolet. Because of its uranium content, the mineral is radioactive.

## InfoBox

| Heinrichite | |
| --- | --- |
| Green heinrichite crystals and pale yellow abernathyite crystals | |
| General | |
| Category | Phosphate mineral |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | Ba(2)2(AsO4)2·10H20 |
| IMA symbol | Hrc |
| Strunz classification | 8.EB.05 |
| Dana classification | 40.2a.9.1 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Strunz |
| Unit cell | a = 7.155 Å, b = 7.134 Å, c = 21.29 Å β = 104.171 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Pale yellow, pale green |
| Streak | Pale yellow |
| Optical properties | uniaxial (−) |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.605 nε = 1.573 |
| Birefringence | 0.032 |
| Ultraviolet fluorescence | Yellow-green in longwave and shortwave UV |
| Other characteristics | Radioactive |
| References |  |


title: Neckarinsel, Tübingen

abstract: The Neckarinsel in Tübingen, Germany is an artificial, ⅔ mile long Neckar river island, which was created in the years 1910 and 1911 by branching off a parallel channel to regulate the water level of the river. It extends from the headland west of the Ammertal train bridge, the Bügeleisen (Flatiron), to the Eberhard Bridge.

text:
# Neckarinsel, Tübingen

The **Neckarinsel** (Neckar Island) in Tübingen, Germany is an artificial, ⅔ mile long Neckar river island, which was created in the years 1910 and 1911 by branching off a parallel channel to regulate the water level of the river. It extends from the headland west of the Ammertal train bridge, the *Bügeleisen* (Flatiron), to the Eberhard Bridge.

## Geography

The eastern half of the island is covered by the almost 200 years old Platanenallee (Plane tree alley). In the western area lies the *"Seufzerwäldchen"* (sigh forest), which is traversed by some winding forest trails. West of the *Alleenbrücke* (Avenue Bridge) is still the *Hain* (grove), at the end of which, under the bridge of the Ammer Valley Railway, a small tunnel leads to the western end of the island, a railing-lined plateau at the *Spitz* or *Bügeleisen*.

Sometimes illegal campfires and barbecue parties were organized, which the public order denied due risk of fire for the plane trees of the alley.

The waterdepth of the Neckar is shallow in many places.

Two monuments are located on the island: Silcher Memorial in the middle of the island and Wildermuth Memorial in the west.

## Events

Every year, of early June the Tübingen Puntboat Challenge (*Stocherkahnrennen*) around the Neckar island is celebrated. At the annual Duck Race in late October, bright yellow squeaking ducks conquer the Neckar.

Since 2003 there has been the *TüGast* event *Sommerinsel* (Summer island), which took place for a few years on the plane tree alley and then moved for safety and conservation reasons to the *Anlagensee* (park lake), but kept the name.

The Neckar Island was also the scene of memorable theatrical events: The Theater Lindenhof presented outdoor performances with great response of "Hölderlin. Tübingen. Tower." 1. Tübingen Summer theatre 1986 (in cooperation with the Zimmertheater Tübingen), and "…when downward with the Neckar (Hölderlin). A walk in the evening", Summer theatre in 1993 and 1995. Since 2007, there have been several open air productions of the LTT and Zimmertheater.

## Access

From the east: from Eberhardsbrücke there is a direct stairway down to the island, at the dovecote. From the south: from Central Station and Anlagensee, it goes over a small bridge, the so-called "Indianersteg" (Indian footbridge), on the Neckar island. From the west, there is an access to the island at the Derendinger Allee and the Alleenbrücke, which can also be reached by bicycle.

1. Feuer auf der Neckarinsel: Eine Platane verbrennt.
2. Nächtlicher Brand auf der Neckarinsel Tagblatt, 15 February 2012

## InfoBox

Neckarinsel, Tübingen
| Platanenallee (Plane Tree Alley) on the south bank of the island | |
| --- | --- |
| Neckarinsel, Tübingen | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Neckar |
| Coordinates | 48°31′04″N 09°03′07″E / 48.51778°N 9.05194°E / 48.51778; 9.05194 |
| Adjacent to | Neckar |
| Area | 0.05 km2 (0.019 sq mi) |
| Length | 1 km (0.6 mi) |
| Width | 0.05 km (0.031 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 2 m (7 ft) |
| Administration | |
| **Baden-Württemberg** | |


title: Neckarsulm

abstract: Neckarsulm is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, near Heilbronn, and part of the district of Heilbronn. As of 2016, Neckarsulm had 26,800 inhabitants. The name Neckarsulm derives from the city's location where the Neckar and Sulm rivers meet. Neckarsulm is known for its renewable energy projects and wine. The Weingärtnergenossenschaft Neckarsulm-Gundelsheim is the oldest winegrower's collective in Germany. The wine Trollinger and Lemberger are the principal varieties of grape grown in this region. The Schwarz Gruppe who leads both companies Lidl and Kaufland has its headquarters in Neckarsulm. Neckarsulm was first mentioned in a document in 771 and was granted city status around 1300. The city celebrated its 1250th birthday in 2021.

text:
# Neckarsulm

**Neckarsulm** (German pronunciation: \[nɛkaʁˈzʊlm\]) is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, near Heilbronn, and part of the district of Heilbronn. As of 2016, Neckarsulm had 26,800 inhabitants. The name Neckarsulm derives from the city's location where the Neckar and Sulm rivers meet.

Neckarsulm is known for its renewable energy projects and wine. The Weingärtnergenossenschaft Neckarsulm-Gundelsheim (winegrower's cooperative of Neckarsulm and Gundelsheim) is the oldest winegrower's collective in Germany. The wine Trollinger and Lemberger are the principal varieties of grape grown in this region. The Schwarz Gruppe (Schwarz Group) who leads both companies Lidl and Kaufland has its headquarters in Neckarsulm.

Neckarsulm was first mentioned in a document in 771 and was granted city status around 1300. The city celebrated its 1250th birthday in 2021.

## Geography

Neckarsulm is located on the eastern side of the Neckar River Valley. The town is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Löwenstein Mountains and is part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest. The closest nearby city is Heilbronn, the sixth largest city in the federal state Baden-Württemberg.

The urban area of Neckarsulm consists of the city itself and the districts of Amorbach, Dahenfeld, and Obereisesheim.

## History

Archaeological finds such as vessel shards indicate human activity in the greater Neckarsulm region as early as the middle of the 6th millennium B.C. (Neolithic period). In 2001, archaeologists found a Late Bronze Age burial ground in Trendpark-Süd (roughly on the modern day site of the German IT company "Bechtle"), which was dated to around 1100 BC on the basis of metal and ceramic finds. Graves found south of the old city wall indicate a Frankish settlement dating to the 7th century AD.

The town, formerly called "Sulmana" or "Sulmgau", is dated to the year 771 in a deed of donation to Lorsch Abbey. Sulmana is mentioned in the Lorsch Codex. The area became known as Neckarsulm in the 16th century.

## Notable landmarks

* German Two-Wheeler and NSU Museum - a museum dedicated to two-wheeled vehicles including riding cars and motorcycles produced in Germany. The museum is housed in the Teutonic Order Castle Neckarsulm.
* Stadtmuseum Neckarsulm - City museum of Neckarsulm which tells the history of the city from medieval times to present days. The year of the construction of museum's house dates to 1545.
* Neckarsulm TDS Office Tower
* Obereisesheim transmitter
* Remnants of the medieval city wall along the western and northern sides of the centre.

## Mayors and Lord Mayors

* 1845–1865: Franz Josef Alexander Heinrich Becker
* 1865–1878: Josef Pecoroni
* 1878–1885: Johann Nepomuk Kirner
* 1885–1911: Bernhard Rettenmeier
* 1911–1913: Heinrich Soller
* 1913–1941: Johannes Häußler
* 1942–1945: Oskar Volk
* 1945–1946: Hermann Greiner
* 1946–1949: Johannes Häußler (1879–1949)
* 1949–1955: Erwin Wörner
* 1955–1967: Hans Hoffmann (1915–2005)
* 1967–1992: Erhard Klotz (born 1938)
* 1992–2008: Volker Blust
* 2008–2016: Joachim Scholz
* since 2016: Steffen Hertwig

## Population

The numbers are estimates, census results (¹) or data from statistical offices.

| Year Inhabitants  1527 ca. 1000  1635 ca. 1400  1756 1544  1810 2050  1849 2576  1. December 1871 2576  1. December 1880 ¹ 2845  1. December 1890 ¹ 3011  1. December 1900 ¹ 3707  1. December 1910 ¹ 5170  16. June 1925 ¹ 6692  16. June 1933 ¹ 7035 | Year Inhabitants  17. May 1939 ¹ 8593  December 1945 7559  13. September 1950 ¹ 9319  6. June 1961 ¹ ² 15.299  27. May 1970 ¹ 18.517  31. December 1975 20.112  31. December 1980 21.871  27. May 1987 ¹ 21.534  31. December 1990 22.690  31. December 1995 25.788  31. December 2000 27.408 | Year Inhabitants  31. December 2002 27.425  31. December 2004 27.296  31. December 2006 27.246  31. December 2008 26.828  31. December 2010 26.511  31. December 2012 25.754  31. December 2014 25.798  31. December 2015 26.304  31. August 2016 26.749 |
| --- | --- | --- |

¹ Census results

² The population increase between 1950 and 1961 comes from the new district Neckarsulm-Amorbach. In 1955, around 3,000 people lived in this place.

## Economy

Schwarz Gruppe, owner of Lidl and Kaufland — the largest European food chain — has its headquarters in Neckarsulm.

The city was home of car manufacturer NSU which was taken over by Volkswagen in 1969 and fused with Auto Union to create Audi. The former NSU plant is the smaller of Audi's two principal assembly plants in Germany and manufactures the company's larger, high-end models such as the Audi A6, A7, A8. Audi's performance subsidiary Audi Sport GmbH which produces the R8 and manages their racing activities is also placed here. *NSU* denotes *Neckarsulm*.

Other well-known companies based in Neckarsulm are Fujitsu TDS, Bechtle AG and Rheinmetall Automotive AG.

## Notable people

### Honorary citizens of Neckarsulm

* 1894: Franz Joseph Maucher (1826–1910), was a chaplain and parish priest in Neckarsulm for 35 years.
* 1911: Gottlob Banzhaf (1858–1930), was Kommerzienrat and after the death of his brother Christian Schmidt first director the *Neckarsulmer Strickmaschinenfabrik AG* from 1884 to 1910.
* 1930: Ernst Josef Bauer (died 1881), was a teacher and successful author of the local play "Peter Heinrich Merkle, the Löwenwirt of Neckarsulm".
* 1933: Christian Mergenthaler (1884–1980), NSDAP politician, Prime Minister of Württemberg from 1933 to 1945. On 27 July 1933, Neckarsulm granted him honorary citizenship which had been revoked on 28 August 1945.
* 1949: Johannes Häußler (1879–1949), was mayor of Neckarsulm for 30 years.
* 2004: Kurt Bauer (born 1934), was city council for 36 years, deputy mayor, SPD parliamentary leader and chairman of the SPD local association.
* 2008: Volker Blust (born 1944), was head of the city's main and personnel office and was elected in 1992 as mayor of Neckarsulm.

### Born in Neckarsulm

### Other people connected to the city

* Wilhelm Ganzhorn (1818–1880), was a senior judge for Neckarsulm 1859–1878. Ganzhorn was a poet, and was known as the author of the text for the song "In the loveliest meadow" (Im schönsten Wiesengrunde).

* Albert Roder (1896–1970), was an engineer who became known for the construction of motorcycles. He was from 1946 to 1961 chief designer at NSU.
* Klaus Zwickel (born 1939), German unions functionary and former chairman of IG Metall. From 1968 to 1983 he was first secretary of the IG-Metall Headquarter Neckarsulm.
* Verena Stenke (born 1981), German artist
* Dominik Britsch (born 1987), German boxer

## Subsidiary cities

| City | Country | Year |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Carmaux | France | 1958 |
| Bordighera | Italy | 1963 |
| Grenchen | Switzerland | 1988 |
| Zschopau | Germany | 1990 |
| Budakeszi | Hungary | 1993 |

## InfoBox

| Neckarsulm | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Neckarsulm within Heilbronn district | |
| Neckarsulm Neckarsulm | |
| Coordinates: 49°11′30.1″N 9°13′28.4″E / 49.191694°N 9.224556°E / 49.191694; 9.224556 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Stuttgart |
| District | Heilbronn |
| Subdivisions | 4 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201624) | Steffen Hertwig |
| Area | |
| Total | 24.94 km2 (9.63 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 162 m (531 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 26,495 |
| Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 74172 |
| Dialling codes | 07132 |
| Vehicle registration | HN |
| Website | Neckarsulm.de |


title: Heidekamp

abstract: Heidekamp is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

text:
# Heidekamp

**Heidekamp** is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Heidekamp | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Heidekamp within Stormarn district | |
| Heidekamp Heidekamp | |
| Coordinates: 53°51′15″N 10°30′4″E / 53.85417°N 10.50111°E / 53.85417; 10.50111 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Stormarn |
| Municipal assoc. | Nordstormarn |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Horst Mosler |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.49 km2 (1.35 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 21 m (69 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 527 |
| Density | 150/km2 (390/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 23858 |
| Dialling codes | 04506, 04533, 04534 |
| Vehicle registration | OD |
| Website | www.amt-
nordstormarn.de |


title: Helcystogramma victrix

abstract: Helcystogramma victrix is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in southern India. The wingspan is 10–12 mm. The forewings are blackish fuscous with violet-blue-metallic markings and with a streak along the costa from the base to one-third, then continued obliquely downwards to below the middle of the disc. There is a subdorsal streak from the base to near the middle and there is a spot on the dorsum at two-thirds, as well as a somewhat oblique slightly curved irregular fascia from two-thirds of the costa, reaching two-thirds of the way across the wing. There is an irregular fascia immediately before the termen, tending to be broken into three or four spots and the termen is tinged with fulvous, with a black marginal line. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

text:
# Helcystogramma victrix

***Helcystogramma victrix*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in southern India.

The wingspan is 10–12 mm. The forewings are blackish fuscous with violet-blue-metallic markings and with a streak along the costa from the base to one-third, then continued obliquely downwards to below the middle of the disc. There is a subdorsal streak from the base to near the middle and there is a spot on the dorsum at two-thirds, as well as a somewhat oblique slightly curved irregular fascia from two-thirds of the costa, reaching two-thirds of the way across the wing. There is an irregular fascia immediately before the termen, tending to be broken into three or four spots and the termen is tinged with fulvous, with a black marginal line. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

## InfoBox

| *Helcystogramma victrix* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Helcystogramma* |
| Species: | ***H. victrix*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Helcystogramma victrix***<br>(Meyrick, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Strobisia victrix* Meyrick, 1911 | |


title: Minuscule 566

abstract: Minuscule 566, ε 93 (Soden), also known as the Empress Theodora's Codex. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century.

text:
# Minuscule 566

**Minuscule 566** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 93 (Soden), also known as the *Empress Theodora's Codex*. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century.

## Description

The codex contains the text of Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Mark on 259 parchment leaves (size 21.5 cm by 17 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 23 lines per page, in early minuscule letters.

It contains Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian tables at the beginning, tables of the κεφαλαια before each Gospel, numbers of the κεφαλαια at the margin (*chapters*), the τιτλοι at the top (*titles*), the Ammonian Sections, (not the Eusebian Canons). It has the famous Jerusalem Colophon : ευαγγελιον κατα ματθαιον εγραφη και αντεβληθη εκ των ιεροσολυμοις παλαιων αντιγραφων των εν τω αγιω ορει αποκειμενων εν στιχοις βφιδ. κεφφ. τνε. There are some marginal notes in uncial letters were made.

It contains scholia at the margin in small uncial script. According to Tischendorf scholion to the Gospel of Matthew cites the Gospel of the Hebrews:

Matthew 4:5 το ιουδαικον ουκ εχει εις την αγιαν πολιν αλλ εν ιλημ Matthew 16:17 Βαριωνα το ιουδαικον υιε ιωαννου Matthew 18:22 το ιουδαικον εξης εχει μετα το εβδομηκοντακις επτα και γαρ εν τοις προφηταις μετα το χρισθηναι αυτους εν πνι αγιω ευρισκετω εν αυτοις λογος αμαρτιας Matthew 26:47 το ιουδαικου και ηρνησατο και ωμοσεν και κατηρασατο.

Phrase "το ιουδαικου" probably means Gospel of the Hebrews.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex Aland did not place in any Category.

## History

De Muralt dated the manuscript to the 9th or 10th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th-century.

The manuscript was brought by Constantin von Tischendorf in 1859. The manuscripts was examined and described by Tischendorf (along with the codices 565, 568-572, 574, 575, and 1567), by Tregelles, Eduard de Muralt, and Kurt Treu.

Formerly it was bounded in one manuscript with Codex Tischendorfianus III.

The codex now is located at the National Library of Russia (Gr. 54, 121 fol.; Gr. 282, 1 fol.) at Saint Petersburg.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Minuscule **566**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark |
| Date | 9th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Found | 1859, Tischendorf |
| Now at | National Library of Russia |
| Size | 21.5 cm by 17 cm |
| Type | Byzantine/mixed |
| Category | none |


title: Zhang Yuhao

abstract: Zhang Yuhao is a Chinese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Spanish side Racing Rioja.

text:
# Zhang Yuhao

**Zhang Yuhao** (Chinese: 张雨浩; born 29 January 1997) is a Chinese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Spanish side Racing Rioja.

## Early life

Zhang was born in Shenyang, Liaoning.

## Club career

Having progressed through the Shanghai Shenhua academy, Zhang was sent on loan to both of Shanghai Shenhua's Spanish affiliate clubs Atlético Museros and CF Cracks in 2015–16. He spent time on loan with Baotou Nanjiao in 2018, playing in the China League Two. In 2019, having left Shanghai Shenhua, he joined Dalian Professional, spending two seasons with the club's reserve team.

In November 2021, Zhang signed for Spanish side Costa Brava. After a season with Costa Brava, in which he made one appearance in the Primera División RFEF, Zhang joined Racing Rioja in July 2022.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 6 June 2023.*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Shanghai Shenhua | 2018 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Baotou Nanjiao (loan) | 2018 | China League Two | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| Dalian Professional | 2019 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | 2020 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Costa Brava | 2021–22 | Primera División RFEF | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Racing Rioja | 2022–23 | Segunda Federación | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 0 |

Notes   1. Zhang Yuhao at LaPreferente.com (in Spanish)
2. "阿贾克斯埃弗顿足球梦球员介绍 沈阳少年张雨浩" \[Ajax Everton football dream player introduction Shenyang teenager Zhang Yuhao\]. *sports.sohu.com* (in Chinese). 1 July 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
3. "官方：前大连人球员张雨浩加盟西协乙里奥哈竞技" \[Official: Former Dalian player Zhang Yuhao joins Rioja in the second division of the Western Association\]. *sports.sina.com.cn* (in Chinese). 25 July 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
4. "旅欧球员再添一人，武磊迎来同胞，张雨浩加盟西班牙利亚戈斯特拉" \[One more player in Europe, Wu Lei ushered in compatriots, Zhang Yuhao joined Spain's Llagostera\]. *sohu.com* (in Chinese). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
5. "张雨浩加盟西班牙皇家足协甲组联赛利亚戈斯特拉" \[Zhang Yuhao joins Spanish Royal Football Association Llagostera\]. *sohu.com* (in Chinese). 24 November 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
6. "恭喜！前申花球员张雨浩留洋西班牙，武磊留洋路上不再孤单" \[Congratulations! Former Shenhua player Zhang Yuhao studied abroad in Spain, Wu Lei is no longer alone on the way to study abroad\]. *163.com* (in Chinese). 25 November 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
7. "踢西班牙次级联赛还不如踢中甲？网友：比中超好" \[Playing in the Spanish secondary league is not as good as playing in the Chinese Premier League? Netizen: Better than the Chinese Super League\]. *new.qq.com* (in Chinese). 25 July 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
8. Zhang Yuhao at Soccerway

## InfoBox

Zhang Yuhao
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1997-01-29) 29 January 1997 | | |
| Place of birth | Shenyang, Liaoning, China | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Racing Rioja | | |
| Number | 7 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Shanghai Shenhua | | |
| 2015–2016 | → Atlético Museros (youth loan) | | |
| 2015–2016 | → CF Cracks (youth loan) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2018 | Shanghai Shenhua | 0 | (0) |
| 2018 | Baotou Nanjiao (loan) | 24 | (0) |
| 2019–2020 | Dalian Professional | 0 | (0) |
| 2021–2022 | Costa Brava | 1 | (0) |
| 2022– | Racing Rioja | 8 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17:14, 6 June 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Goldoni (company)

abstract: Goldoni S.p.A. is an Italian agricultural machinery manufacturer. The company was founded by Celestino Goldoni in Migliarina, Modena, Italy in 1926. The company designs and builds specialized tractors, equal size wheel tractors, tractors with loading platform and motorized cultivators.

text:
# Goldoni (company)

**Goldoni** S.p.A. is an Italian agricultural machinery manufacturer. The company was founded by Celestino Goldoni in Migliarina, Modena, Italy in 1926. The company designs and builds specialized tractors, equal size wheel tractors, tractors with loading platform and motorized cultivators.

## History

In 1926 Celestino Goldoni founded "Goldoni Agricultural Machinery" in a farmhouse in the countryside of Modena, beginning the production of irrigation's pumps.

In 1950, the company added motocultivators and motomowers, which is sold through an exclusive commercial with the Federconsorzi through its net in Italy.

In 1967, the first tractors were produced, with the series "Export", followed by the series "Universal" and the company expanded abroad through a series of trade agreements.

In 1969 Goldoni came to an agreement with Cuba for the sale of 1500 tractors (GM4 and "Export") for the fields of sugar cane; in 1978 was inaugurated the branch "Goldoni France"; in 1980 with Tbilisi (Georgia, soon Soviet Union ) for on-site production and marketing of products "Goldoni 700" and "Cultivator Super 600".

In 1982 it introduced the "Compact" tractors, designed to work in orchards and vineyards; in 1984-1985 it granted to the Republic of China the license for on-site production and marketing of "Transporter", "Goldoni 800", " Universal "and" RS 900"; in 1986 with John Deere to produce the names and colors of John Deere of orchard and vineyard tractors and Iran for on-site production and marketing of" Universal "and" 900 RS "and motormowers. At the beginning of the nineties, Goldoni began the production of tracked specialized and 2002 introduced the series "Star Quadrifoglio", still a specialized tractor for orchards and vineyards. In 2004 it inaugurated the new department "research and development" and in 2008 presented the "Boxter", which won the "Technical Innovation" at the EIMA International.

In March 2021 Keestrack, a major manufacturer in mining, recycling and construction equipment, acquired Goldoni.

## Factory

The factory of Migliarina di Carpi near Modena occupies an area of over 130,000 m2 (of which 65,000 are covered).

## Products

The products include:

* Specialized tractors
* Equal size wheel tractors
* Tractors with loading platform
* Motorized cultivators

## Branches

Branch subsidiaries in France. Over to the European Community, the main foreign markets are the countries of the Mediterranean and the Middle East, South America and North America, and Oceania, bringing the export in more than 80 countries.

Official website https://www.goldoni.com/

## Note

## InfoBox

Goldoni Keestrack srl
|
|  |
| Company type | Public company |
| Industry | Agricultural machinery |
| Founded | 1926 (1926) |
| Founder | Celestino Goldoni |
| Headquarters | Carpi, Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy |
| Products | Tractors specialized
Equal size wheel tractors
Tractors with loading platform
Motorized cultivators |
| Owner | Keestrack groups |
| Website | www.goldoni.com |


abstract: The Forbes list of Australia's 50 richest people is the annual survey of the fifty wealthiest people resident in Australia, published by Forbes Asia in January 2018. The net worth of the wealthiest individual, Gina Rinehart, was estimated to be US$17.40 billion.

text:
# Forbes list of Australia's 50 richest people 2018

The ***Forbes* list of Australia's 50 richest people** is the annual survey of the fifty wealthiest people resident in Australia, published by *Forbes Asia* in January 2018.

The net worth of the wealthiest individual, Gina Rinehart, was estimated to be US$17.40 billion.

## List of individuals

The following is the list of Australia's 50 richest people for the year of 2018.

| 2018 | | Name | Citizenship | Source of wealth | 2017 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rank | Net worth
US$ bn | | | | Rank | Net worth
US$ bn |
| 1 | 17.40 | Gina Rinehart | Australia | Hancock Prospecting; investment | 1 | 14.80 |
| 2 |  | Harry Triguboff | Australia | Meriton Apartments | 2 | 9.90 |
| 3 |  | Anthony Pratt | Australia | Visy Industries; Pratt Industries | 3 | 5.80 |
| 4 |  | Frank Lowy | Australia | Ex-Westfield; property | 4 | 5.70 |
| 5 |  | Mike Cannon-Brookes | Australia | Atlassian | 10 | 3.40 |
| | | Scott Farquhar | Australia | | | |
| 7 |  | Andrew Forrest | Australia | Fortescue Metals Group | 6 | 4.40 |
| 8 |  | John Gandel | Australia | Property (shopping centres) | 7 | 4.10 |
| 9 |  | James Packer | Australia | Crown Resorts; Consolidated Media Holdings | 8 | 3.70 |
| 10 |  | Lindsay Fox | Australia | Linfox | 9 | 3.50 |
| 11 |  | Bianca Rinehart, John Hancock,
Ginia Rinehart and Hope Welker | Australia | Resources | 5 | 5.00 |
| 12 |  | Kerry Stokes | Australia | Property; Seven West Media; resources | 14 | 2.60 |
| 13 |  | Sir Michael Hintze | Australia
United Kingdom | Retail; investment | 17 |  |
| 14 |  | Alan Wilson and family | Australia | Reece Group; retail | 13 |  |
| 15 |  | Lang Walker | Australia | Walker Corporation (property) | 16 |  |
| 16 |  | Fiona Geminder | Australia | Manufacturing; investment | 12 |  |
| 17 |  | Richard White | Australia | WiseTech Global | 32 |  |
| 18 |  | Maurice Alter | Australia | Property (shopping centres) | 20 |  |
| 19 |  | David Hains | Australia | Investment | 19 |  |
| 20 |  | Clive Palmer | Australia | Mineralogy and other mining interests; hospitality | n/a | not listed |
| 21 |  | Heloise Waislitz | Australia | Manufacturing; investment | 18 |  |
| 22 |  | Tony and Ron Perich | Australia | Investment | 21 |  |
| 23 |  | Jack Cowin | Australia | Competitive Foods Australia; investment | 22 |  |
| 24 |  | Angela Bennett | Australia | Resources | 23 | 1.70 |
| 25 |  | David Teoh | Australia | Telecommunications | 29 |  |
| 26 |  | Gretel Packer | Australia | Crown Resorts; investment |  |  |
| 27 |  | Nigel Austin | Australia | Cotton On Group; retail |  |  |
| 28 |  | Solomon Lew | Australia | Premier Investments; retail | 30 |  |
| 29 |  | Brett Blundy | Australia | Retail; agribusiness | 33 |  |
| 30 |  | Bob Ell | Australia | Property development | 28 |  |
| 31 |  | John van Lieshout | Australia | Real estate |  |  |
| 32 |  | Gerry Harvey | Australia | Harvey Norman; retail | 25 |  |
| 33 |  | Manny Stul | Australia | Retail; toys | 27 | 1.40 |
| 34 |  | Kerr Neilson | Australia | Financial services | 24 |  |
|  | 1.00 | Sam Tarascio | Australia | Real estate |  |  |
| 36 |  | Terry Snow | Australia | Capital Airport Group; property development | n/a | not listed |
| 37 |  | Judith Neilson | Australia | Investment | 26 |  |
| 38 |  | Alan Rydge | Australia | Rydges Hotels & Resorts |  |  |
| 39 |  | Maha Sinnathamby | Australia | Real estate |  |  |
| 40 |  | Paul Little | Australia | Logistics; real estate |  |  |
| 41 |  | Chris Wallin | Australia | Mining |  |  |
| 42 |  | Len Ainsworth | Australia | Gaming; manufacturing | 31 |  |
| 43 |  | Bruce Mathieson | Australia | Hotels |  |  |
| 44 |  | Con Makris | Australia | Real estate |  |  |
| 45 |  | Russ Withers and family of the late Beverley Barlow | Australia | 7-Eleven Australia |  |  |
| 46 |  | Ralph Sarich | Australia | Real estate |  |  |
| 47 |  | Richard Smith | Australia | Food distribution |  |  |
| 48 |  | John Kahlbetzer | Australia | Agriculture |  |  |
| 49 |  | Christopher Morris | Australia | Software; hospitality |  |  |

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| Icon | Description |
|  | Has not changed from the previous year |
|  | Has increased from the previous year |
|  | Has decreased from the previous year |


title: Tony DeNicola

abstract: Antonio Emedio, known as Tony DeNicola was an American jazz drummer most associated with Kenny Davern, although he also had his own quartet.

text:
# Tony DeNicola

**Antonio Emedio**, known as **Tony DeNicola** (September 2, 1927 – September 2, 2006) was an American jazz drummer most associated with Kenny Davern, although he also had his own quartet.

## Early life and education

Born in Pennington, New Jersey, DeNicola was a longtime resident of the Lawrenceville section of Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey. He earned a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science from Trenton State College (now the College of New Jersey).

## Career

DeNicola began his career playing drums in firehouse bands, polka bands, and nightclubs. He served in the United States Army Air Forces in 1946 and 1947. In 1948, he toured the Midwest with Donn Trenner and later performed at venues in San Francisco. After returning to New Jersey to help his grandparents run their tavern, he continued touring and performing with jazz musicians, including Freddy Martin, Harry James, Billy Butterfield, and Charlie Shavers. DeNicola also taught music in the Trenton Public Schools. After earning his master's degree, DeNicola worked as an adjunct professor at Trenton State College from 1972 until his retirement in 1992. After retiring from teaching, he continued to perform.

## Personal life

DeNicola died at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia in 2006.

## InfoBox

| Tony DeNicola | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Antonio Emedio |
| Born | September 2, 1927
Pennington, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | September 2, 2006 (aged 79)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Instruments | Drums |


title: John H. Light

abstract: John Henry Light (1855–1947) was a Republican Attorney General for the state of Connecticut and Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives.

text:
# John H. Light

**John Henry Light** (1855–1947) was a Republican Attorney General for the state of Connecticut and Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives.

## Early life

Light was born in Carmel, New York in 1855, to Belden Light and Ann (Keenan) Light. He moved with his parents to New Canaan, Connecticut at a young age, and his first job was at a tannery, where he earned money to fund his education. He married Ida M. Lockwood on August 3, 1881.

Light graduated from Chamberlain Institute and Female College in New York (an early coeducational institution). Light was a schoolteacher while being instructed in the law. He passed the Connecticut bar examination in 1883 and commenced a practice in Light settled in South Norwalk, Connecticut, now part of Norwalk.

## Political career

He served as Fairfield County Treasurer from 1899 to 1906. He also served for two terms in the Connecticut House of Representatives, from 1899 and 1901, serving as speaker in 1901. Light served as a Connecticut common pleas court judge from 1901 to 1905.

On September 15, 1910, Governor Frank B. Weeks appointed him Connecticut Attorney General to fill the unexpired term of Marcus H. Holcomb. Elected to a four-year term in November 1910, he served as Attorney General until 1915.

Light was a Congregationalist. He was a Freemason and a member of the Knights Templar, Shriners, and Odd Fellows. Light was also a student of the classics noted for his extensive private library.

## InfoBox

| John Henry Light | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Connecticut Attorney General | |
| **In office**
September 15, 1910  1915 | |
| Governor | Frank B. Weeks |
| Preceded by | Marcus H. Holcomb |
| Succeeded by | George E. Hinman |
| Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1901–1902 | |
| Member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk | |
| **In office**
1899–1903 | |
| Preceded by | Russell Frost,
Belden Hurlbutt |
| Succeeded by | Wallace Dann,
Jeremiah Donovan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1855-03-27)March 27, 1855
Carmel, New York, US |
| Died | 1947 (aged 9192) |
| Resting place | Norwalk, Connecticut |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence(s) | New Canaan, Connecticut
South Norwalk, Connecticut |
| Alma mater | Chamberlain Institute and Female College |
| Occupation | teacher, lawyer |
|  | |


title: John Harvie Sr.

abstract: John Harvie, often called Colonel John Harvie (1706–1767), was raised in Stirlingshire, Scotland and immigrated to the United States. He settled in Albemarle County, Virginia by 1735 and purchased Belmont that was a plantation near Shadwell and Keswick, Virginia. He had close relationships with his neighbors the Jeffersons and was the guardian of future president Thomas Jefferson for some years after Jefferson's father died.

text:
# John Harvie Sr.

**John Harvie**, often called **Colonel John Harvie** (17061767), was raised in Stirlingshire, Scotland and immigrated to the United States. He settled in Albemarle County, Virginia by 1735 and purchased Belmont that was a plantation near Shadwell and Keswick, Virginia. He had close relationships with his neighbors the Jeffersons and was the guardian of future president Thomas Jefferson for some years after Jefferson's father died.

## Early life

Harvie was born in Gargunnock, Stirlingshire, Scotland on December 20, 1706, son of John Harvie. The Acts of Union 1707, implemented the year following Harvie's birth, created the single Kingdom of Great Britain. England and Scotland had shared one ruler since 1603, but now their parliaments were merged. Although there was significant anti-English sentiment in Scotland at the turn of the 18th century, political leaders in Scotland sought to unite with England to improve their trade opportunities with English colonies, thus improving their poor economy. This was complicated, however, by the Jacobite uprisings that began in 1688 to restore James II and his descendants to the throne. Immediately after the Union, Scotland began to trade with the colonies. Tobacco was important to Virginia's economy, where it was grown, as well as to Scotland, where it was the major import from the colonies in the early and mid-18th century. Ships left the Chesapeake Bay for Scotland to deliver tobacco and returned with immigrants and goods for the colonists. In 1769, Virginia and Maryland received 83% of Scotland's exports.

## Planter

He came to Albemarle County, Virginia around 1735 (around 40 years before the American Revolutionary War). He bought the Belmont, near Keswick and Shadwell, Virginia, from Matthew Graves in the 1730s. He was near the Rivanna River and had views of the South West Mountains to the north and the mountain that would become Monticello to the south.

Albemarle in the early 1700s was wilderness. People traveled on rough trails and transported tobacco to the marketplace along the Rivanna River. Wealthy planters, like Harvie, were set apart from common farmers by their fine furnishings and luxurious clothing. They consumed tea, coffee, sugar and wine. Another significant aspect of planters lives were their collections of books. When he died, Harvie had 189 books, as well as books that he had lent to neighbors and a number of French and Latin books.

Harvie was one of the founders of the Loyal Company of Virginia. John Lewis was the key founder. Others included Peter Jefferson, Thomas Walker, and Joshua Fry, who surveyed the land for the land grant and, like Harvie, also settled in Albemarle County. On July 12, 1748, a grant of 800,000 acres was made to the company. Harvie and Jefferson were early settlers of Albemarle and had already settled there by the time of this grant. Jefferson arrived in 1737 when there were only one or two other settlers. Harvie lived near Peter Jefferson and Dr. Thomas Walker of Castle Hill, places that Thomas Jefferson knew well.

## Thomas Jefferson's guardian

Harvie was a friend of Peter Jefferson and upon his death, Harvie became the "active executor" of Jefferson's estate and the guardian of Thomas Jefferson. He managed the household and family expenses from 1757, the year of Peter Jefferson's death, to 1765. The earliest known letter from Thomas was written to Harvie on February 14, 1760 from Shadwell. Thomas expressed an interest in attending College of William & Mary to "get a more universal Acquaintance." Jefferson was earnest in his belief that going away to school would allow him to more effectively focus on his education.

## Personal life

He married Martha Gaines (November 11, 1719October 7, 1801), the daughter of Col. Daniel Gaines and related to Edmund Pendleton Gaines. They had the following children: Richard, John, Daniel, William, Martha, Elizabeth, Janet, and Mary. Harvie died in 1767.

John inherited Belmont and remained in Virginia. Martha, left with an unexceptional estate, ensured that her children had good educations and socialized with members of the "most polished society". In the 1780s, Martha and all of her children except John moved Wilkes County, Georgia. They lived two miles from the Broad River and on the eastern side of Long Creek.

1. Woods, Edgar (1901). *Albemarle County in Virginia*. Charlottesville, Virginia. p. 225.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
2. "John Harvie". *Thomas Jefferson's Monticello*. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
3. "Fighting Creek Plantation Nomination Form" (PDF). *National Park Service*. October 8, 2013. p. section 8, page 13. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
4. Gilmer, George Rockingham (1970). *Sketches of Some of the First Settlers of Upper Georgia, of the Cherokees, and the Author*. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8063-0384-0.
5. Magazine, Tylers Quarterly Historical and Genealogical (1981). *Genealogies of Virginia Families*. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-8063-0947-7.
6. "Act of Union 1707". *www.parliament.uk*. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
7. "Union between Scotland and England?". *www.parliament.uk*. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
8. Price, Jacob M. (1954). "The Rise of Glasgow in the Chesapeake Tobacco Trade, 1707-1775". *The William and Mary Quarterly*. **11** (2): 179–180. doi:10.2307/1922038. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 1922038.
9. "Founders Online: Memorandum Books, 1767". *founders.archives.gov*. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
10. Burstein, Andrew (1995). "The Inner Jefferson". *Washington Post*. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
11. Bruce, Philip Alexander; Stanard, William Glover (1903). *The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography*. Virginia Historical Society. p. 392.
12. Henderson, Archibald (April 1931). "Thomas Walker and the Loyal Company" (PDF). *American Antiquarian*. American Antiquity Society: 88–89.
13. Bowen, Dorothy (1943). "Thomas Jefferson: 1743-1943: A Bicentennial Exhibition". *Huntington Library Quarterly*. **6** (4): 495–496. doi:10.2307/3815943. ISSN 0018-7895. JSTOR 3815943  via jstor.
14. "Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to John Harvie, 14 January 1760". *founders.archives.gov*. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
15. "Daughters of the American Revolution". *The Montgomery Advertiser*. 1903-05-10. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
16. *Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine*. National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 1918. p. 356.

## InfoBox

| John Harvie | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | December 20, 1706
Gargunnock, Scotland |
| Died | December 3, 1767
Keswick, Virginia |
| Occupation(s) | Planter and guardian of Thomas Jefferson |


title: John Harwood (watchmaker)

abstract: John Harwood (1893–1964) was a British watchmaker who invented a self-winding wristwatch.

text:
# John Harwood (watchmaker)

**John Harwood** (1893–1964) was a British watchmaker who invented a self-winding wristwatch.

## Early life

Harwood was born in Bolton, Lancashire. During World War I he served as an armoury staff sergeant, developing an automatic pistol and a screwdriver whose blade turned on impact.

## Career

After the war he served a watchmaking apprenticeship with Hirst Brothers and Co of Oldham. In 1922 he moved to the Isle of Man to set up his own watch repair business.

In 1923, supported by a local businessman, he developed a self-winding wristwatch and applied for a patent in Switzerland, which was granted in September, 1924. His design ensured that the watch could be hermetically sealed against the ingress of water or dust. The hands could be reset by a rotating bezel. After four years, supported by funds from two Manchester brothers, Louis and Philip Alexander, he persuaded Swiss watch manufacturers Anton Schild S.A. and Walter Vogt of Fortis to manufacture the design. Blancpain also made them under licence in 1928 for sale in France and the Perpetual Self-Winding Watch Company manufactured them for sale in North America. The watches were first shown at the Basel Fair in 1926. He set up the Harwood Self-Winding Watch Company in 1928 to market the watches in the UK, but the company failed in September 1931, not having sufficient financial resources to withstand the effects of the Great Depression. The watches also proved difficult to mass-produce and very delicate in use.

## Awards and honours

In 1957 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the British Horological Institute.

## Trivia

John Harwood had a son, John (d. 13 August 2019), who followed his father's career, becoming too, a horologist, initially in Harrow, Middlesex, before moving to Dunster, Somerset, where he maintained a shop for many years.