title: Tom Brougham

abstract: Tom Brougham is a Berkeley, California gay rights activist who was the first to suggest a new legal category for recognizing couples other than marriage, and who coined the phrase domestic partnership. Brougham is a former member of the Gay Liberation Front.

text:
# Tom Brougham

**Tom Brougham** (born March 20, 1943) is a Berkeley, California gay rights activist who was the first to suggest a new legal category for recognizing couples other than marriage, and who coined the phrase domestic partnership.

Brougham is a former member of the Gay Liberation Front.

## Domestic partnerships

While serving as an employee of the City of Berkeley in the late 1970s, Bougham and his partner, vocalist/lyricist Barry Warren, came across the availability of employee benefits for families of city employees. However, because they were only available to married couples, this ruled out the availability to Warren due to the lack of legal recognition of their relationship. In October 1978, the city council passed an anti-discrimination ordinance inclusive of gays and lesbians, one which, like many of the time, did not address the relationship status of many gays and lesbians.

Taken aback, Brougham decided to propose a lower-tier type of legal partnership that would afford employees' benefits to same-sex couples, coining the term "domestic partnership" in an August 1979 letter to city administrators: "I am submitting my application to the City of Berkeley, as my employer, to enroll my domestic partner, Barry Warren, in the city's group health coverage". He and Warren took the proposal to the City of Berkeley and UC Berkeley, which was Warren's employer. Harry Britt, a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors who had been appointed to succeed Harvey Milk, was inspired by one of Brougham and Warren's presentations and took his version of the proposal to the Board in 1982. When vetoed by then-mayor Dianne Feinstein, activism for domestic partnership benefits increased.

In 1983, the City of Berkeley took up Brougham and Warren's idea by creating the Domestic Partner Task Force through the city's Human Rights and Welfare Commission; Leland Traiman served as the DPTF's chairperson, and Brougham contributed to the draft policy. The policy was adopted by the City Council and School Board in 1984, but the Council voted against the bill while the Board voted for it. It played a role in the electoral defeat of many members who had voted against the bill, and the solidly-pro-domestic partnership majority voted in favor of the bill in December, and Brougham and Warren were the first couple to file for employee domestic partnership benefits under the city's policy. Berkeley's policy, however, did not include a registry for residents of the city; it only granted live-in partner health benefits regardless of whether they were straight or gay.

Berkeley became the third city to enact a domestic partnership registry in the state in 1991. Brougham drafted the registry ordinance along with the Berkeley City Clerk Sherry Kelly and then president of the East Bay Lesbian/Gay Democratic Club Victoria Kolakowski.

## After domestic partnerships

Later, Brougham became the first openly gay elected official in the East Bay region of California on April 21, 1987, when he was elected as a director of the Peralta Community College District, and continued as a director until 2000.

Brougham is a former president of the East Bay Lesbian/Gay Democratic Club.

## InfoBox

| Tom Brougham | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-03-20) March 20, 1943 |
| Known for | Claim to have coined term "domestic partnership" |


title: Amiata Records

abstract: Amiata Records is an independent cross-cultural record label founded in 1992 by Matteo Silva and Marc Eagleton with headquarters in Florence and offices in London, and Rome. Amiata derives its name from a mountain in southern Tuscany, in Italy. AMIATA's motto is "The Most Meaningful Sound Next to Silence", a phrase taken from a 1995 review of AMIATA releases in Audiophile Recording, a British audiophile magazine. Amiata records publishes world music, ethnic music, folk, contemporary classical music, ancient music, jazz and electronic music.

text:
# Amiata Records

**Amiata Records** is an independent cross-cultural record label founded in 1992 by Matteo Silva and Marc Eagleton with headquarters in Florence and offices in London, and Rome.

Amiata derives its name from a mountain in southern Tuscany, in Italy. AMIATA's motto is "The Most Meaningful Sound Next to Silence", a phrase taken from a 1995 review of AMIATA releases in Audiophile Recording, a British audiophile magazine. Amiata records publishes world music, ethnic music, folk, contemporary classical music, ancient music, jazz and electronic music.

## History

The first AMIATA release was Ad Infinitum in 1992 by Italian composer and label founder Matteo Silva. For some years Amiata Records specialised in new music, releasing recordings by experimental artists like Michael Vetter and Gianfranco Pernaiachi; minimalistic composers like Terry Riley, Hans Otte and Steve Reich, vocalists like Sainkho Namtchylak, Faraualla, Amelia Cuni, saxophonist Angelo Ricciardi, flutist Andrea Ceccomori, guitarists Dominic Miller and Paolo Giaro, bassists Andrea Donati and Enzo Pietropaoli and string quartets like the Bernini Quartet.

The label's repertoire consisting mostly of original compositions by the artists and often large booklets, sophisticated packaging and minimalist cover art. There is a link between some AMIATA recordings and so-called world music, especially the folk recordings and arrangements by the Fratelli Mancuso, the work of Antonio Infantino and Ustad Nishat Khan. Other examples of AMIATA's world music are records by the Bauls of Bengal, Tibetan Lama Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche, Indian virtuoso Zakir Hussain, Gabin Dabiré and the Ensemble Club musical Oriente Cubano.

The AMIATA New Series was created to document Western contemporary classical works — the first of these was the world-premiere recording of Hans Otte Aquarian Music who gave to the series a certain minimalist approach confirmed by other releases of music by Steve Reich, Terry Riley, Ludovico Einaudi, Arvo Pärt.

On many releases, the multicultural and classical sides of AMIATA are combined: for example, Ustad Nishat Khan's Meeting of Angels features him playing sitar solos over the Ensemble Gilles Binchois singing Gregorian chant.

The label was distributed in the USA for many years by Ryko Distribution and after Warner Bros. Records acquisition of Ryko by the independent MVD Entertainment Group. Matteo Silva continues to take an active interest in the music released by the label, acting as producer on most of its recordings. The typical AMIATA session is just three days — two days to record, one day to mix. Silva in general dislikes overdubbing.

## Catalogue

The catalogue numbers over a hundred titles presented in seven series - Secret World, Roots, New Music, Cutting Edge, Inner Arts, Classica and Multimedia Arts.

## Design

The label is internationally known for the design and packaging of its album covers.

## Some Amiata Records releases

* + Adea, *Day & Night*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Alexandra - Arrigo Cappelletti, *Terras Do Risco*, Amiata Records, Florence 2001
    + Alon Michael, Israel Edelson, *Meditations of the Heart Vol. I*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Amelia Cuni, Werner Durand, *Ashtayama*, Amiata Records, Florence 1999
    + Andrea Ceccomori & Antonio Rossi, *The Celestine Suite*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Andrea Donati, *Ape Regina*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Andrea Donati, *Le Ciel De Ma Memoire*, Amiata Records, Florence 1995
    + Angelo Ricciardi, *Song of Enlightenment*, Amiata Records, Florence 1994
    + Antonio Breschi, *At the edge of the night*, Amiata Records, Florence 1994
    + Antonio Breschi, *Toscana*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Antonio Infantino, *Tara'ntrance*, Amiata Records, Florence 2004
    + Antonio Infantino & I Tarantolati, *Tarantella Tarantata*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Astor Piazzolla, Thomas Fortmann, *Tango Catolico*, Amiata Records, Florance 1994
    + Auria Vizia, *New Dawn of the Sacred Flames*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Auria Vizia, *Music for The Seven Chakras*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Ayub Ogada, *Tanguru*,
    + Chogyal Namkhai N. Rinpoche Chöd, *Cutting Through Dualism*, Amiata Records, Florence 1992
    + Chogyal Namkhai Norbu & Matteo Silva, *Music for the Dance of Vajra*, Amiata Records, 2000
    + Fabio Forte, *Asia Blue*, Amiata Records, Florence 2001
    + Faraualla, *Sind'*, Amiata Records, Florence 2002
    + Faraualla, *Faraualla*, Amiata Records, Florence 1999
    + Flavio Piras, *The Hands*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Fratelli Mancuso, *Cantu*, Amiata Records, Florence 2002
    + Fratelli Mancuso, *Requiem*, Amiata Records, Florence 2008
    + Fratelli Mancuso & Antonio Marangolo, *Bella Maria*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Gabin Dabiré, *Kontomè*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Gabin Dabiré, *Afriki Djamana*, Amiata Records, Florence 1994
    + Gaspare Bernardi, *L'Arco Terrestre*, Amiata Records, Florence 2001
    + Gianfranco Pernaiachi, *Abendland*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Hans Otte, *Aquarian Music*, Amiata Records, Florence 1994
    + Igor Koshkendey, *Music From Tuva*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + In a Split Second, *It Happens*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Krishna Bhatt Kirwani, *Music from India*, Amiata Records, Florence 1995
    + La Famille Dembelè, *Aira Yo, La Dance Des Jeunes Griots*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Marino De Rosas, *Meridies*, Amiata Records, Florence 1999
    + Mark Kostabi, *Songs for Sumera*, Amiata Records, Florence 2002
    + Michael Vetter, *Nocturne*, Amiata Records, Florence 1993
    + Michael Vetter, *Ancient Voices*, Amiata Records, Florence 1992
    + Neji, *Sat*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Nouthong Phimvilayphone, *Visions of the Orient: Music from Laos*, Amiata Records, Florence 1995
    + Paolo Giaro Ensemble, *Urbino*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Paolo Giaro, Krishna Bhatt, D. Gosh, *Dancing In the Light of the Full Moon*, Amiata Records, Florence 19096
    + Paul Badura-Skoda, *Schubert: The trout In the mirror of time*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Quartetto Bernini, *J.S. BACH: L'Arte Della Fuga*, Amiata Records, Florence 2001
    + Radha, *Radha*, Amiata Records, Florence 2001
    + Riccardo Fassi, *In The Flow*, Amiata Records, Florence 1993
    + Roberto Laneri, *Memories of the rain forest*, Florence 1993
    + Sainkho Namtchylak, *Naked Spirit*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Sangeeta Bandyopadhyay/Vincenzo Mingiardi, *Sangita*, Amiata Records, Florence 2004
    + Savio Riccardi, *La Venere Di Willendorf*, Amiata Records, Florence 1999
    + S. Reich, A. Part, L. Einaudi, H. Otte, H. M. Gorecki, *New Music Masters*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Surabhi Dreams of Sea & Sky, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Synaulia, *The Music of Ancient Rome Vol. I*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Synaulia, *The Music of Ancient Rome Vol. II*, Amiata Records, Florence 2002
    + Terry Riley, *The Padova Concert*, Amiata Records, Florence 1992
    + The Bauls Of Bengal, *A Man of Heart: Music from India*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + The Saexophones, *From Gesualdo To Sting*, Amiata Records, Florence 1996
    + Tibetan Monks/Sera Jé Monastery Tibet, *Sera Jé*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Various Artists, *Cantos a Kiterra*, Amiata Records, Florence 1999
    + Ustad Nishat Khan, *Meeting Of Angels*, Amiata Records, Florence 2003
    + Ustad Nishat Khan, *Raga Khan*Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Whisky Trail, *Chaosmos*, Amiata Records, Florence 2006
    + Diana Garden, *La Dolce Vita*, Amiata Records, Florence 2003
    + Diana Garden, *Tribe*, Amiata Records, Florence 2002
    + Various Artists, *African Angels*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Various Artists, *Casa Italia*, Amiata Records, Florence 2005
    + Various Artists, *Celtic Angels*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Various Artists, *Colors*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Various Artists, *Magnificat - Music for the Jubilee 2000*, Amiata Records, Florence 2000
    + Various Artists, Mediterranean Blue, Amiata Records, Florence 2003
    + Various Artists, *Morocco - Sounds from the ancient land*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Various Artists, *Premio Città Di Recanati Vol.I*, Amiata Records, Florence 2001
    + Various Artists, *Premio Città Di Recanati Vol.II*, Amiata Records, Florence 2002
    + Various Artists, *Sacred Planet*, Amiata Records, Florence 1998
    + Various Artists, *Viva Cuba Libre*, Amiata Records, Florence 2000
    + Various Artists, *Voices of Africa*, Amiata Records, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Various Artists, *Winds & Strings of Africa*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997
    + Various Artists, *Drums of Africa*, Amiata Records, Florence 1997

## Projects

Fairy Tales of the World is a collection of twelve CDs containing fairytales from countries on five continents, each read by an actor and set to music from the place where it originated. Each CD is inserted in an illustrated book with the full text of the fairy tale.

## Achievements


title: Verdigny

abstract: Verdigny is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

text:
# Verdigny

**Verdigny** (French pronunciation: \[vɛʁdiɲi\]) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

An area of winegrowing and farming comprising two villages and a couple of hamlets situated about 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D134 with the D134e road. The commune is one of 14 that grow grapes for the production of Sancerre AOC wine.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 315 |  |
| 1968 | 323 | +2.5% |
| 1975 | 310 | −4.0% |
| 1982 | 303 | −2.3% |
| 1990 | 299 | −1.3% |
| 1999 | 271 | −9.4% |
| 2008 | 281 | +3.7% |

## Sights

* The church dating from the nineteenth century.
* A watermill.

## InfoBox

| Verdigny | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Verdigny | |
| VerdignyVerdigny | |
| Coordinates: 47°20′52″N 2°48′32″E / 47.3478°N 2.8089°E / 47.3478; 2.8089 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Cher |
| Arrondissement | Bourges |
| Canton | Sancerre |
| Intercommunality | CC Pays Fort Sancerrois Val de Loire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Olivier Gaucheron |
| Area**1** | 4.99 km2 (1.93 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 314 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 18274 /18300 |
| Elevation | 181–342 m (594–1,122 ft)
(avg. 250 m or 820 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Tribunal Records

abstract: Tribunal Records is a heavy metal and hardcore punk label that started in 1999. The label also has a subsidiary entitled Divebomb Records. Tribunal has hosted bands such as From the Shallows, Scarlet, and Century, while Divebomb hosts bands such as Wulfhook, Zephaniah, and Helion Prime.

text:
# Tribunal Records

**Tribunal Records** is a heavy metal and hardcore punk label that started in 1999. The label also has a subsidiary entitled **Divebomb Records**. Tribunal has hosted bands such as From the Shallows, Scarlet, and Century, while Divebomb hosts bands such as Wulfhook, Zephaniah, and Helion Prime.

## Current Artists

* Blatant Disarray
* Colossus
* Dr. Living Dead
* Enemy Is Us
* Forté
* Inferi
* Iron Thrones
* Jonas Sees in Color
* Jonin
* KONG!
* Line of Fire
* Labyrinthe
* Vanisher
* Wombwrecker

## Former Artists

### Active

### Disbanded

### Hiatus or Unknown

* Adios
* Amazing Device
* The Cardinal Effect
* From the Shallows
* The Kiss of Death
* Samadhi
* Scarlet (Ferret Music)
* A Secret Death
* Sever the Fallen
* Since the Day
* The Taste of Blood
* The Underwater

## InfoBox

| Tribunal Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Founder | Matt Rudzinski |
| Genre | Metal and Hardcore |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Official website | http://www.tribunalrecords.net/ |


title: No Man Friday

abstract: No Man Friday is a British science fiction novel by Rex Gordon published in 1956. The reference in the original title is to Robinson Crusoe, and the story can be described as a science fiction robinsonade set on Mars. The similarity is made explicit by the first edition cover.

text:
# No Man Friday

***No Man Friday*** (also known in the United States as ***First on Mars***) is a British science fiction novel by Rex Gordon (Stanley Bennett Hough) published in 1956. The reference in the original title is to *Robinson Crusoe*, and the story can be described as a science fiction robinsonade set on Mars. The similarity is made explicit by the first edition cover.

## Plot summary

A British rocket, developed at minimal cost and kept secret from officialdom, lifts off from the Woomera rocket range on a mission to Mars. During the voyage, an accident in the airlock kills the entire crew except for engineer Gordon Holder, the novel's narrator, who was returning from an EVA and still in his space suit.

The rocket reaches Mars but crash-lands. There, Holder learns how to produce oxygen and water, also discovering more about Martian species and nourishment. Eventually, he starts cooperating with the titanic inhabitants of the planet to survive. After fifteen years, an American mission lands, thinking themselves the first to reach Mars. Holder contacts the Americans, and then tries to return to the dominant Martian beings, but is prevented from reaching them. He returns to Earth with the Americans.

## Martian creatures

In his book, Rex Gordon describes Mars as a planet inhabited by different kinds of life forms.

MineralsHighly energetic flower-shaped mineral formations that grow in Martian valleys. Humidity disintegrates them. PlantsPhotosynthetic organisms growing throughout the Martian surface. They bloom and produce hard fruits. "Ants"Social insect-like bugs that pollinate the plants' flowers. "Humans"Humanoid creatures are not the dominant species on Mars. These animals eat the plants' fruits, live in groups and have limited intelligence. Dominant beingsGigantic nocturnal living beings that eat Martian humanoids. They use their body lights for communication. The book also suggests they have the capacity to distort spacetime.

## InfoBox

No Man Friday
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Rex Gordon |
| Cover artist | Bruce Roberts |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Published | 1956 |
| Publisher | Heinemann |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | print (hardback) |
| Pages | 201 |


title: H. Keith H. Brodie

abstract: Harlow Keith Hammond Brodie was an American psychiatrist, educator, and former president of Duke University.

text:
# H. Keith H. Brodie

**Harlow Keith Hammond Brodie** (August 24, 1939  December 2, 2016) was an American psychiatrist, educator, and former president of Duke University.

## Life and education

Born in New Canaan, Connecticut, Brodie attended the New Canaan Country School before studying chemistry at Princeton University and medicine at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He and classmate Davida Coady tutored nurses in pharmacology and other subjects and assisted with basic medical care at the Firestone Hospital in Harbel, Liberia.

He completed an internship in internal medicine at the Ochsner Foundation Hospital in New Orleans and a residency in psychiatry at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center.

## Career

In 1968, Brodie joined the National Institute of Mental Health as a clinical associate.

From 1970 to 1974 he taught at Stanford University and was chair of Stanford's Medical School Faculty Senate and director of the General Research Center.

In 1974, Brodie moved to Duke University to chair the department of psychiatry, with the encouragement of Ewald "Bud" Busse, who was leaving the chairmanship to become dean of the School of Medicine. He was later named James B. Duke Professor of Psychiatry and Law. in 1982, he became chancellor and in 1985 president of Duke University serving until 1993. As president Brodie helped to expand applications to graduate and undergraduate programs and increase Duke's national reputation as a research university. He also led efforts to increase racial/ethnic diversity among the faculty through the "Black Faculty Initiative", a program that would be echoed by his successor, Nan Keohane, through the creation of the Women's Initiative. After his term as president, Brodie continued teaching and clinical work.

## Publication

*Handbook of Psychiatry* volume 29 ISBN 978-620-0-48143-6; cowritten with Javad Nurbakhsh; and Hamideh Jahangiri.

## Awards

Brodie received the A.E. Bennett Research Award from the Society of Biological Psychiatry, the psychopharmacology prize of the American Psychological Association, and the Edward A. Streck Award of the Pennsylvania Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania Health System. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association and chaired the Board of Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine of the Institute of Medicine.

## Duke University

While serving as university president, Brodie opted to live at his own private residence rather than in the president's official residence, the J. Deryl Hart House, or the guest residence, Kirby House.

## InfoBox

| Keith Brodie | |
| --- | --- |
| Brodie circa 1986 | |
|  | |
| 7th President of Duke University | |
| **In office**
1985–1993 | |
| Preceded by | Terry Sanford |
| Succeeded by | Nannerl O. Keohane |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1939-08-24)August 24, 1939
New Canaan, Connecticut |
| Died | December 2, 2016(2016-12-02) (aged 77)
Durham, North Carolina |
| Alma mater | Princeton University
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons |
| Occupation | psychiatrist |
|  | |


title: Penzance Lifeboat Station

abstract: Penzance Lifeboat Station was the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) operations in Mount's Bay in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The first lifeboat to be placed at Penzance was in 1803 but a permanent station was not established until 1853. It closed in 1917 by which time the Penlee Lifeboat Station had been established.

text:
# Penzance Lifeboat Station

**Penzance Lifeboat Station** was the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) operations in Mount's Bay in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The first lifeboat to be placed at Penzance was in 1803 but a permanent station was not established until 1853. It closed in 1917 by which time the Penlee Lifeboat Station had been established.

## History

The first lifeboat in Cornwall was purchased for Penzance in 1803. Part of its cost was paid by Lloyd's of London but it was sold in 1812 without ever being used in service. The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (as the RNLI was originally known) was formed in 1824 and a district association of the national institution was soon formed at Penzance. A lifeboat was stationed in the town from 1826 but was wrecked in 1827 or 1828.

The station then lapsed until 1853 when a lifeboat was again stationed in the town. It was kept at several different places around the town until a boathouse was built in 1856 for £88 at the site that is now the entrance to the Penzance railway station. There was local controversy when the boat was unable to launch on several occasions in 1862. As a consequence there was a proposal to move the lifeboat to Newlyn, which would have been unpopular with the residents of Penzance. As a compromise the lifeboat station moved to Wherrytown on the edge of Penzance, where a timber lifeboat house was opened in 1867 at the bottom of Alexandra Road near the Coastguard Station. It later was decided to move back to Penzance harbour so in 1884 a new boathouse was built at the foot of Jennings Street, at a cost of £575 6s 6d. This was paid for by a £1,000 gift from Henry Martin Harvey of Hexworthy, which also paid for a new lifeboat, the *Dora*, and a carriage.

The Penzance lifeboat was moved to Newlyn in 1908 and a second hand boat placed at Penzance in its stead. The Newlyn lifeboat was moved to a new station at Penlee Point in 1913. Penzance's station was closed in 1917 and the boathouse sold to the town council

## Buildings

The boathouses of 1856 and 1867 no longer exist, but the 1884 boathouse still stands on the landward side of Wharf Road at the corner Jennings Street. It is a single-storey building of coursed Lamorna granite with ashlar dressings and a slate roof. It was equipped with a small bell turret and bell, and there are two terracotta panels RNLI roundels set into the wall, one with the royal crown and date 1884, the other depicting a lifeboat with the initials RNLBI. It was given listed building status in 1987.

## Service awards

The only record of the lifeboat *Alexandria* being involved in a rescue was on 29 January 1865. After two attempted launches that were unsuccessful because of the weather, it was taken to Newlyn. The crew then rowed back to where the *Willie Ridley* of Plymouth was being blown towards rocks and took the men off the ship. An RNLI silver medal was awarded to Captain T.H. Fellowes, a Coastguard inspector who took command of the lifeboat as its coxswain was unavailable.

Penzance is on the south coast but on 11 January 1866 it was taken to Hayle on the north coast to assist the St Ives lifeboat that was trying to rescue the crew of a steam boat that had run aground on the sandbank at the entrance to the harbour in a gale. Thomas Carbis, the Penzance coxswain, was awarded a silver medal for his part in the rescue.

5 January 1867 was a bad day in Mount's Bay. Three different ships were wrecked in a gale and the lifeboat was twice taken from Penzance to Marazion to be launched. Crew member Samuel Higgs was given a silver medal for his work which helped save 17 people.

The barque *North Britain* got into trouble in Mount's Bay on 6 December 1868. The lifeboat *Richard Lewis* was taken to the beach and launched but some of the barque's crew had already taken to the ship's boats. One capsized and another was broken against the side of the larger ship. The people on the shore saved as many of these as they could. Meanwhile the lifeboat had a difficult time making headway. It capsized but it righted itself and most of the crew got back aboard although one was only saved by his lifejacket and a man riding out into the surf on his horse to pull him ashore. The coxswain got stuck under some wreckage but managed to free himself and was helped back into the lifeboat which had righted itself as it as designed to. It was rowed back to the shore so the injured and exhausted crew could be relieved. The second coxswain and a fresh crew put out again and saved the eight men still aboard the wrecked ship. Five silver medals were awarded on this occasion, to Coxswain Thomas Carbis, Second Coxswain Samuel Higgins, R.B. Cay, William Blackmore and Samuel Higgs Junior. Richard Lewis, the secretary of the RNLI after whom the lifeboat was named, made a special journey to Penzance to present the medals in a special ceremony at the Town Hall.

The *Richard Lewis* lifeboat was called out on two occasions early in 1873. A Norwegian ship, the *Otto* has blown ashore between Penzance and Marazion on 26 January. The crew of eight were saved. Just one week later, another storm on 2 February saw the American *Marie Emilie* run aground. It took the lifeboat three attempts to safely get in among the rocks to save the four people on board. The RNLI awarded silver medals to Captain Howorth, Nicholas Downing and William Blackmore for the two services; the Norwegian government also gave the three men silver medals for their deeds with the *Otto*.

## Lifeboats

| At Penzance | ON | Name | Built | Class | Length | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1803–1812 |  |  | 1803 | Greathead | 27 ft (8.2 m) |  |
| 1826–1828 |  |  | 1825 | Plenty | 24 ft (7.3 m) |  |
| 1853–1860 |  |  | 1853 | Peake | 30 ft (9.1 m) | Built in Penzance by Semmens & Thomas. |
| 1860–1865 |  | *Alexandra* | 1860 | Peake | 30 ft (9.1 m) | Named in 1863. |
| 1865–1884 |  | *Richard Lewis* | 1865 | Standard Self–righter | 32 feet (9.8 m) |  |
| 1884–1895 | 49 | *Dora* | 1884 | Standard Self–righter | 34 ft (10 m) | Sold 1895 and broken up in Ireland 1980. |
| 1895–1899 | 378 | *Elizabeth and Blanche* | 1895 | Standard Self–righter | 36 ft (11 m) |  |
| 1899–1908 | 424 | *Elizabeth and Blanche* | 1899 | Watson | 38 ft (12 m) | Moved to Newlyn in 1908 and then to Penlee in 1913. Sold 1922 and last reported in use as a yacht at Falmouth in 1969. |
| 1908–1912 | 341 | *Cape of Good Hope* | 1892 | Standard Self–righter | 34 ft (10 m) | Originally stationed at Runswick. |
| 1912–1917 | 386 | *Janet Hoyle* | 1895 | Standard Self–righter | 34 ft (10 m) | Originally stationed at Ayr. |

## InfoBox

| Penzance Lifeboat Station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The 1884 lifeboat house photographed in 2024 | |
| Map of Cornwall showing Penzance | |
| General information | |
| Type | Lifeboat Station |
| Location | Penzance |
| Address | Wharf Road, Penzance, TR18 4AA |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 50°07′08″N 5°32′01″W / 50.1188°N 5.5335°W / 50.1188; -5.5335 |
| Opened | First lifeboat 1803 <br>Surviving building 1884 (1884) |
| Cost | £575 6s 6d |
|  | |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Former Penzance lifeboat house |
| Designated | 16 March 1987 |
| Reference no. | 1210218 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: River Avenue Skate Park

abstract: River Avenue Skate Park is a skate park located in the south Bronx built in 2010 and located next to the B and D train.

text:
# River Avenue Skate Park

**River Avenue Skate Park** is a skate park located in the south Bronx built in 2010 and located next to the B and D train.

## History

The River Ave Skate Park is built on the site of a former Yankee Stadium parking lot. The River Ave Skate Park is part of River Avenue Parks, a series of parks built to offset the public space lost in Macombs Dam Park during the construction of Yankee stadium. The annual Battle For The Bronx Contest is hosted at the park.

## InfoBox

| River Avenue Skate Park | |
| --- | --- |
| River Ave | |
|  | |
| Type | Skate park |
| Location | Bronx, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°49′36″N 73°55′47″W / 40.826590°N 73.929830°W / 40.826590; -73.929830 |
| Area | 10,000 Sq Ft |
| Created | New York City Department of Parks and Recreation |
| Open | All year |
| Terrain | Concrete |
| Public transit access | B, D train to 161st Yankee Stadium Station |


title: Tom Brown's School Days (1940 film)

abstract: Tom Brown's School Days is a 1940 coming-of-age drama film about a teenage boy's experiences at Rugby School, Warwickshire in the early 19th century under the reforming headmastership of Thomas Arnold. It stars Sir Cedric Hardwicke, Freddie Bartholomew and Jimmy Lydon in the title role. The film was based on the 1857 novel, Tom Brown's School Days by Thomas Hughes. In this version emphasis is placed on the development of Headmaster Thomas Arnold and his reformist ideas concerning the English public school. It was well received by critics, with Variety praising it in a December 31, 1939, review as "sympathetically and skilfully made, with many touching moments and an excellent cast". Hardwicke's performance as Arnold was called "one of the best he has ever given on the screen," as the veteran actor convincingly tempered the headmaster's strict demeanour with "the underlying sympathy, tolerance, quiet humour and steadfast courage" for which Arnold was acclaimed. Jimmy Lydon as the title character was called "believable and moving in the early portions, but too young for the final moments". The core of the plot focuses on bullying from the older boys,with only Tom being willing to stand up to them. Honour and loyalty between schoolfriends is critical. Tom faces expulsion, not for his theft of a cart but for lying. When he eventually confesses he is spared expulsion and Dr Arnold gives him "12 of the best" with a smile. The June 27, 1940 debut of the film version at New York City's Radio City Music Hall was chronicled in a photo spread by The New York Times, "showing some of the pastimes, curricular and otherwise", as the fight scene between Tom Brown and Flashman was captioned.

text:
# Tom Brown's School Days (1940 film)

***Tom Brown's School Days*** is a 1940 coming-of-age drama film about a teenage boy's experiences at Rugby School, Warwickshire in the early 19th century under the reforming headmastership of Thomas Arnold. It stars Sir Cedric Hardwicke, Freddie Bartholomew and Jimmy Lydon in the title role. The film was based on the 1857 novel, *Tom Brown's School Days* by Thomas Hughes.

In this version emphasis is placed on the development of Headmaster Thomas Arnold and his reformist ideas concerning the English public school. It was well received by critics, with *Variety* praising it in a December 31, 1939, review as "sympathetically and skilfully made, with many touching moments and an excellent cast". Hardwicke's performance as Arnold was called "one of the best he has ever given on the screen," as the veteran actor convincingly tempered the headmaster's strict demeanour with "the underlying sympathy, tolerance, quiet humour and steadfast courage" for which Arnold was acclaimed. Jimmy Lydon as the title character was called "believable and moving in the early portions, but too young for the final moments".

The core of the plot focuses on bullying from the older boys (and Flashman in particular),with only Tom being willing to stand up to them. Honour and loyalty between schoolfriends is critical. Tom faces expulsion, not for his theft of a cart but for lying. When he eventually confesses he is spared expulsion and Dr Arnold gives him "12 of the best" with a smile.

The June 27, 1940 debut of the film version at New York City's Radio City Music Hall was chronicled in a photo spread by *The New York Times*, "showing some of the pastimes, curricular and otherwise", as the fight scene between Tom Brown and Flashman was captioned.

## Cast

## Reception

The film recorded a loss of $110,000.

The entertainment journal *Variety* praised the adaptation, saying, "It probably results in a better picture, since Cedric Hardwicke, who plays the wise and kindly teacher, is much better qualified to carry a story than is any Hollywood prodigy. Hardwicke’s performance is one of the best he has ever given on the screen".

## Home media

The 1940 film version was released on DVD in 2004.

## InfoBox

| Tom Brown's School Days | |
| --- | --- |
| One of theatrical release posters | |
| Directed by | Robert Stevenson |
| Written by | Thomas Hughes (novel)
Walter Ferris
Frank Cavett
Gene Towne
C. Graham Baker
Robert Stevenson (add. dialogue) |
| Based on | *Tom Brown's School Days*
by Thomas Hughes |
| Produced by | C. Graham Baker
Gene Towne |
| Starring | Sir Cedric Hardwicke
Freddie Bartholomew
Jimmy Lydon |
| Music by | Anthony Collins |
| Production
companies | The Play's The Thing Productions, Inc. |
| Distributed by | RKO Radio Pictures |
| Release date | * July 14, 1940 (1940-07-14) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Verticordia helmsii

abstract: Verticordia helmsii is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with most of its leaves clustered on short side branches and with small groups of scented creamish-white flowers in small groups along the branches.

text:
# Verticordia helmsii

***Verticordia helmsii*** is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with most of its leaves clustered on short side branches and with small groups of scented creamish-white flowers in small groups along the branches.

## Description

*Verticordia helmsii* is a shrub which grows to 0.45–1.5 m (1–5 ft) high and 0.3–2.5 m (1–8 ft) wide and which has most of its leaves clustered on its many short side-branches. Its leaves are linear or club-shaped, almost circular in cross-section, 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long with a rounded end and many prominent glands.

The flowers are honey-scented and arranged in small, rounded, corymb-like groups along the branches, each flower on a stalk 5–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. The floral cup is shaped like a hemisphere, about 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long, glabrous and slightly warty. The sepals are creamish white, sometimes pink, spreading, 3.5–5 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long, with 6 to 8 long, hairy lobes. The petals are the same colour as the sepals, erect, 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.12 in) long, with a tapering, almost pointed end. The style is straight, relatively thick, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long with long, branched hairs near its tip. Flowering time is from October to January.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Verticordia helmsii* was first formally described by Spencer Le Marchant Moore in 1899 and the description was published in *Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany* from specimens collected by Moore near Gnarlbine, south of Coolgardie. The specific epithet (*helmsii*) honours the naturalist Richard Helms who had earlier collected a specimen of this species.

When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he placed this species in subgenus *Eperephes*, section *Integripetala* along with *V. rennieana*, *V. interioris*, *V. mirabilis* and *V. picta*.

## Distribution and habitat

This verticordia usually grows in sand, often in association with granite in heath and shrubland. It occurs in the area roughly between Peak Charles, Queen Victoria Spring and Mount Gibson in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Great Victoria Desert, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

*Verticordia helmsii* is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Use in horticulture

This attractive verticordia has proven difficult to propagate from cuttings, to grow on and to establish in the garden. One specimen grown in Kings Park grew to 75 cm (30 in) but only lived for four years. Some plants have been propagated from seed but these have mostly only lasted for a few months.

## InfoBox

| *Verticordia helmsii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Verticordia* |
| Subgenus: | *Verticordia* subg. *Eperephes* |
| Section: | *Verticordia* sect. *Integripetala* |
| Species: | ***V. helmsii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Verticordia helmsii***<br>S.Moore | |
|


title: Michael Smith (American journalist)

abstract:
Michael Smith is a journalist responsible for coverage of Latin America for Bloomberg Markets magazine. He was a freelance journalist covering Chile.
He graduated from University of North Carolina.
He worked at the Daily Record in Morristown, New Jersey and the Associated Press. He has three sons and lives in Santiago, Chile. In 2022 he published his first book, co-authored with Jonathan Franklin, Cabin Fever: The Harrowing Journey of a Cruise Ship at the Dawn of a Pandemic about the Holland-America cruise ship MS Zaandam during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic as it sought a friendly port from the tip of South America to Florida.

text:
# Michael Smith (American journalist)

**Michael Smith** is a journalist responsible for coverage of Latin America for Bloomberg Markets magazine.

He was a freelance journalist covering Chile. He graduated from University of North Carolina. He worked at the *Daily Record* in Morristown, New Jersey and the Associated Press.

He has three sons and lives in Santiago, Chile.

In 2022 he published his first book, co-authored with Jonathan Franklin, *Cabin Fever: The Harrowing Journey of a Cruise Ship at the Dawn of a Pandemic* about the Holland-America cruise ship MS *Zaandam* during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic as it sought a friendly port from the tip of South America to Florida.

## Awards

## Work

* "Banks Financing Mexico Gangs Admitted in Wells Fargo Deal". *Bloomberg News*. June 29, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
* "Chile Steps Up Efforts to Fight Disease After Quake (Update1)". March 6, 2010. Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.

## InfoBox

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| *Q&A* interview with Smith and Jonathan Franklin on *Cabin Fever*, July 24, 2022, C-SPAN | |


title: WUMC

abstract: WUMC is a radio station broadcasting a college format. Licensed to Elizabethton, Tennessee, United States, it serves the Tri-Cities TN / VA area. The station is owned by Milligan College.

text:
# WUMC

**WUMC** (90.5 FM, "Milligan College Radio") is a radio station broadcasting a college format. Licensed to Elizabethton, Tennessee, United States, it serves the Tri-Cities TN / VA area. The station is owned by Milligan College.

1. "Facility Technical Data for WUMC". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WUMC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Tri-Cities TN / VA |
| Frequency | 90.5 MHz |
| Branding | "Milligan College Radio" |
| Programming | |
| Format | College |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Milligan College |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 82695 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 500 watts |
| HAAT | −87 meters (−285 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 36°17′58″N 82°17′28″W / 36.29944°N 82.29111°W / 36.29944; -82.29111 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | milliganradio.com |
| Website | milliganradio.com |


title: People's Movement for Change

abstract: People's Movement for Change is a political party in Papua New Guinea. It first contested the 2012 election, at which it won two seats: leader and former IRC commissioner Gary Juffa as Governor of Oro Province and former Port Moresby Rugby Football League chairman Labi Amaiu in Moresby Northeast Open. Amaiu crossed to the People's National Congress in January 2013, leaving Juffa as the party's sole member of parliament. Amaiu stated that he valued his former party and still had confidence in Juffa, but that he believed his people would benefit from the leadership of Prime Minister Peter O'Neill. In February 2015, the party was moved from the government benches to the opposition benches by Leader of Government Business James Marape for Juffa's outspoken criticism of government policies and announcements, particularly in relation to logging and landowner issues. The party officially joined the opposition in October 2015 in protest at claimed non-fulfilment of promises by the O'Neill government. In May 2016, Juffa publicly condemned the deal between the Papua New Guinean and Australian governments regarding the Manus Regional Processing Centre. He stated that the day the agreement was signed was "the lowest point...in PNG's time as an independent nation" and that PNG's sovereignty had been "prostituted". He further described the relationship between Papua New Guinea and Australia as "neo-colonialist grovelling". As of May 2019, the party had one seat in the National Parliament, with Juffa as its sole MP.

text:
# People's Movement for Change

**People's Movement for Change** is a political party in Papua New Guinea.

It first contested the 2012 election, at which it won two seats: leader and former IRC commissioner Gary Juffa as Governor of Oro Province and former Port Moresby Rugby Football League chairman Labi Amaiu in Moresby Northeast Open.

Amaiu crossed to the People's National Congress in January 2013, leaving Juffa as the party's sole member of parliament. Amaiu stated that he valued his former party and still had confidence in Juffa, but that he believed his people would benefit from the leadership of Prime Minister Peter O'Neill.

In February 2015, the party was moved from the government benches to the opposition benches by Leader of Government Business James Marape for Juffa's outspoken criticism of government policies and announcements, particularly in relation to logging and landowner issues. The party officially joined the opposition in October 2015 in protest at claimed non-fulfilment of promises by the O'Neill government.

In May 2016, Juffa publicly condemned the deal between the Papua New Guinean and Australian governments regarding the Manus Regional Processing Centre. He stated that the day the agreement was signed was "the lowest point...in PNG's time as an independent nation" and that PNG's sovereignty had been "prostituted". He further described the relationship between Papua New Guinea and Australia as "neo-colonialist grovelling".

As of May 2019, the party had one seat in the National Parliament, with Juffa as its sole MP.

## InfoBox

| People's Movement for Change | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Gary Juffa |
| President | Rawali Bokuik |
| Secretary | Rodrick Kanama |
| National Parliament | 1 / 118 |
|  | |


title: Herpetogramma piasusalis

abstract: Herpetogramma piasusalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. It has also been recorded from Indonesia (Java), Kenya, Madagascar and Zambia.

text:
# Herpetogramma piasusalis

***Herpetogramma piasusalis*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. It has also been recorded from Indonesia (Java), Kenya, Madagascar and Zambia.

## InfoBox

| *Herpetogramma piasusalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Herpetogramma* |
| Species: | ***H. piasusalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Herpetogramma piasusalis***<br>(Walker, 1859) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Botys piasusalis* Walker, 1859 | |


title: Hope Cement Works

abstract: Hope Cement Works, is a cement plant located near to the village of Hope in Derbyshire, England. The plant is mostly self-contained with its own shale and limestone quarries adjacent, with only fuel and small amounts of additives needing to be brought in. The site is located inside the Peak District National Park, and so is subject to tighter planning restrictions than other cement plants in the United Kingdom. It is now the largest cement plant in the United Kingdom, and is also one of the largest emitters of CO2 within the national park.

text:
# Hope Cement Works

**Hope Cement Works**, is a cement plant located near to the village of Hope in Derbyshire, England. The plant is mostly self-contained with its own shale and limestone quarries adjacent, with only fuel and small amounts of additives needing to be brought in. The site is located inside the Peak District National Park, and so is subject to tighter planning restrictions than other cement plants in the United Kingdom. It is now the largest cement plant in the United Kingdom (in terms of tonnages of cement), and is also one of the largest emitters of CO2 within the national park.

## History

The plant started its first full year of production in 1929, and was initially producing 50,000 tonnes (55,000 tons) of cement per year. The plant was located at Hope, because it is at the edge of where carboniferous limestone of the Monsal Dale Group, meets shale (Edale Shale), the two main components of finished cement. The shale beds are to the north and east of the works, whereas the limestone is to the south. A byproduct of the lime quarrying process is the mineral fluorspar, which is used as a chemical feedstock. Originally, the cement was made with a 'wet' process, which used two kilns, with two more added in the 1930s and a fifth in 1952. By the 1960s, an upgrade of the plant led to it being converted to the 'dry' process, which started in 1970 with two kilns, but with a greater output in tonnage, with the same amount of fuel used.

Since 1951, when the Peak District National Park was created, most of the outbound traffic from the plant has been exported by rail. This requirement is still in effect in the 21st century, with the authorities continuing their desire for rail to manage the lion's share of the traffic to and from the plant. The creation of the national park has also affected expansion and quarrying locations as the planning permission regulations are more stringent within a national park.

The plant was acquired from Blue Circle Cement in 2001 by Lafarge. The merger of Lafarge and the Tarmac Group was allowed on condition that certain elements of both groups be sold off to prevent the new company having a monopoly in certain areas. This meant the cement works at Hope became owned by the Mittal Group, and was renamed Hope Construction Materials in 2013. In 2016, Hope Construction materials was acquired by Breedon for £336 million, which included various aggregate terminals and cement and concrete plants. After the closure of other cement plants it is now the largest cement producer by tonnage in the United Kingdom.

Around 66% of the works output (1,000,000 tonnes (1,100,000 tons)) is transported from the site via the railway link connecting to the Hope Valley Line. The railway line runs for 1 mile 52 chains (2.7 km) and connects with the seven road sidings called *Earle's Sidings*.

Destinations formerly served have included Northenden (Manchester), Dewsbury in West Yorkshire, Tanhouse Lane at Widnes, and bagged cement to Carlisle. In the privatisation era, newer destinations served by Hope came on stream due to rationalisation in the cement and railway industries; the terminals at Northenden and Widnes were replaced by one at Weaste, and Hope despatched cement to Theale, Colnbrook and Moorswater in Cornwall. In 2020, depots for onward transportation of cement by rail were located at Dewsbury, Walsall, Reading (Theale), and Dagenham.

A study in 2020 determined that the plant supported a total of 270 jobs and brought over £60 million into the local economy.

## Tonnages

In 2008, the plant was producing around 1,400,000 tonnes (1,500,000 tons) per annum, with a view to the limestone reserves lasting until 2038. However, a report from 2012 estimated that the limestone at the adjacent quarry will be exhausted by 2034. At that time, the works was producing 1,580,000 tonnes (1,740,000 tons) of cement per year. When the plant was hived off into its own company (Hope Construction Materials, which also operated other quarries) its market share of UK cement consumption was 12% (2012). By 2018, the market share was 15%, though the market fluctuates.

## Fuels

The traditional fuel used in the kilns has been coal, however, efforts have been made to try alternative sources as in 2010 when sewage pellets were burnt instead of coal. The whole of the Peak District National Park emitted 1,648,890 tonnes (1,817,590 tons) of CO2 in 2006, 65% of which was emitted by the cement works at Hope. The use of chipped tyres and petroleum coke in 2002/2003, reduced the NO*x* gases, but increased the sulphur emitted. The main chimney stack at Hope is 433 feet (132 m) high.

Hope Cement lodged an application to increase the amount of raw materials railed into the site. Part of the manufacturing process of cement uses pulverised fuel ash (PFA) a by-product of burning coal in power stations. As this industry went into a sharp decline from 2015 onwards, alternative raw materials (ARM), such as slate quarry fines, marl, fireclay etc., could be used instead. However, ARMs typically have a higher moisture content, which is driven off in the roasting part of the cement making, and thus requires a higher tonnage of material than PFA. The application requires about 250,000 tonnes (280,000 tons) to be imported into the site per year.

## Owners

* 1929–c.1935 G.T. Earle
* c.1935–1978 BPCM
* 1978–2001 Blue Circle
* 2001–2013 Lafarge
* 2013–2016 Hope Construction Materials
* 2016–(present) Breedon

1. Rendel, Simon (March 1991). "Hope cement works 1943–89". *Landscape Research*. **16** (1): 31–40. doi:10.1080/01426399108706328.
2. "Breedon Group's Hope Cement plant". *www.globalcement.com*. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
3. Elbah 2002, p. 110.
4. Brown, Rod (1993). "Pressures in and on the Peak District National Park". In Sergeant, John; Wiltshire, Richard (eds.). *Geographical studies & Japan*. Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-873-41015-8.
5. Cameron, D G; Evans, E J; Idoine, N; Mankelow, J; Parry, S F; Patton, M A G; Hill, A (2020). *Directory of Mines and Quarries 2020* (11 ed.). Keyworth: British Geological Survey. pp. 1–26. ISBN 978-0-85272-789-8.
6. "Cement Raw Materials" (PDF). *bgs.ac.uk*. November 2005. p. 6. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
7. Elbah 2002, p. 109.
8. Nixon, L. A. (1988). *Trans-Pennine rail routes*. Sparkford: Haynes. p. 44. ISBN 0-86093-307-5.
9. Salveson, Paul (March 2012). "The Hope Valley Line; through the heart of the Peak". *Today's Railways*. No. 121. Sheffield: Platform 5. p. 46. ISSN 1475-9713.
10. Elbah 2002, p. 108.
11. "Hope cement plant gets £14m upgrade". *The Construction Index*. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
12. Askeland, Erikka (23 January 2020). "Breedon bosses unconcerned by competition watchdog's attention". *HeraldScotland*. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
13. Rannard, Storm (18 November 2015). "Breedon to cement £336m acquisition". *Insider Media Ltd*. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
14. Ashwell, Emily (27 July 2016). "Breedon's acquisition of Hope approved". *New Civil Engineer*. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
15. Lea, Robert (19 November 2015). "Hope springs eternal as Breedon cements place in global elite". *The Times*. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
16. Thomas, Emily (27 July 2020). "UK's largest cement works records increase in its local economic contribution". *World Cement*. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
17. "Cement | Breedon Group". *www.breedongroup.com*. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
18. "Minerals & Aggregate Extraction in High Peak & Derbyshire Dales" (PDF). *highpeak.gov.uk*. 2017. p. 7. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
19. Falconer, Words and Photos: Robert. "90 years of the Hope Valley Cement Works". *derbyshirelife.co.uk*. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
20. Kelman, Leanne (2018). *Railway Track Diagrams; Midland* (4 ed.). Beckington, Frome: Trackmaps. 44C. ISBN 978-1-9996271-1-9.
21. Bennett, Patrick (2017). *The later years of British Rail 1980-1995 : the north of England and Scotland*. Stroud: Amberley. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4456-7432-2.
22. "Sheffield freight train derailment disruption 'to last for days'". *BBC News*. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
23. Ratcliffe, David (March 2014). "Blue Circle Cement's PCA fleet". *Rail Express Modeller*. No. 213. Horncastle: Morton's Media. p. M19. ISSN 1362-234X.
24. Shannon, Paul (2013). *Freightliner*. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7110-3688-8.
25. "Peak District cement works putting £61 million into economy". *The Buxton Advertiser*. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
26. "Minerals Background Paper" (PDF). *peakdistrict.gov.uk*. July 2010. p. 15. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
27. "Background Paper: Cement" (PDF). *derbyshire.gov.uk*. December 2017. p. 13. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
28. "Cement mineral planning factsheet" (PDF). *bgs.ac.uk*. March 2014. p. 3. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
29. "Breedon Cement Ltd Hope Cement Works" (PDF). *consult.environment-agency.gov.uk*. Breedon Cement Ltd. November 2018. p. 7. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
30. Marsden, Richard (28 March 2010). "Sewage pellets to be burnt at plant". *infoweb.newsbank.com*. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
31. Baird, David; Horrocks, Sarah; Kirton, Jenny; Woodbridge, Roland (2008). *The use of substitute fuels in the UK cement and lime industries*. Bristol: Environment Agency. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-84432-846-8.
32. "Variation Notice" (PDF). *assets.publishing.service.gov.uk*. 2017. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
33. Pritchard, Robert, ed. (November 2020). "Hope cement works to see increase in rail traffic?". *Today's Railways*. No. 225. Sheffield: Platform 5. p. 19. ISSN 1475-9713.
34. "Cement Kilns: Blue Circle". *www.cementkilns.co.uk*. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
35. "Hope - The UK's newest cement producer". *Global Cement*. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
36. Hobson, Dan (19 November 2015). "Hope Construction £336 million merger deal". *infoweb.newsbank.com*. Retrieved 18 December 2020.

### Sources

* Elbah, Salah (2002). An evaluation of environmental impact assessment within the planning process in Libya and the UK in relation to cement manufacture (Report). Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University. ISBN 9780355422504.

## InfoBox

| Hope Cement Works | |
| --- | --- |
| The Hope Cement Works | |
| Location within Derbyshire | |
|  | |
| Built | 1929 (rebuilt in 1970) |
| Location | Hope, Derbyshire, England |
| Coordinates | 53°20′13″N 1°45′04″W / 53.337°N 1.751°W / 53.337; -1.751 |
| Industry | Cement |
| Products | Cement |
| Owner(s) | Breedon |


title: Verticordia helichrysantha

abstract: Verticordia helichrysantha, commonly known as coast featherflower or Barrens featherflower, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small, woody, open-branched shrub with crowded, linear leaves and small yellow flowers from May to September.

text:
# Verticordia helichrysantha

***Verticordia helichrysantha***, commonly known as **coast featherflower** or **Barrens featherflower**, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small, woody, open-branched shrub with crowded, linear leaves and small yellow flowers from May to September.

## Description

*Verticordia helichrysantha* is an openly branched, more or less sprawling shrub which grows to 30 cm (10 in) high and 50 cm (20 in) wide. The leaves are clustered, crowded, pale greyish-green, 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long, linear to club-shaped, semi-circular in cross-section with a rounded end.

The flowers are arranged singly or in small groups in the upper leaf axils, each flower on a stalk, 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long. The floral cup is 2 mm (0.08 in) long, smooth and hairy. The sepals are pale yellow, 4.5–5 mm (0.18–0.20 in) long, covered with short, soft hairs and have 4 or 5 feathery lobes. The petals are the same colour as the sepals, about 3.0–3.5 mm (0.12–0.14 in) long, erect and egg-shaped, covered with short, soft hairs on their outer surface and have irregular teeth along their edge. The style is 14–17 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long, curved with a few inconspicuous hairs and extends well beyond the petals. Flowering time is from May to September or October.

The short, greyish leaves and softly hairy sepals and petals distinguish this species from similar verticordias.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Verticordia helichrysantha* was first formally described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1867 and the description was published in George Bentham's *Flora Australiensis*. The type collection was made by George Maxwell. Mueller did not explain the choice of the specific epithet (*helichrysantha*), but it may have been given because of a similarity of the flowers of this species to the small-flowered species of *Helichrysum* (since separated into ''*Helichrysum*, *Schoenia*, *Argentipallium* and *Bracteantha*).

When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he placed this species in subgenus *Verticordia*, section *Verticordia* along with *V. crebra*, *V. harveyi*, *V. plumosa*, *V. stenopetala*, *V. sieberi*, *V. pityrhops* and *V. fimbrilepis*.

## Distribution and habitat

This verticordia grows in shallow sand over spongolite and limestone on coastal plains and cliffs, in coastal heath, usually with *V. fastigiata* and *V. habrantha*. Its distribution is restricted an area west of Mount Barren in the Fitzgerald River National Park to Cape Riche although it has been recorded once at a location near Kamballup in the Stirling Range. The species was recorded in 1965 by Kenneth Newbey but not seen again until 1982, when it was rediscovered by Norm Stevens. It only occurs in the Esperance Plains biogeographic region.

## Conservation

*Verticordia helichrysantha* is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife and it has also been listed as "Vulnerable" (VU) under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The species is known from five populations, one of which has not been seen since 1964 and another since 1986. The three remaining populations contain an estimated 25,000 mature plants. Although the risk from dieback disease is considered to be moderate, there are potential threats from land clearing, inappropriate fire regimes, mining and damage from four-wheel driving.

## Use in horticulture

The pale foliage, pink flower buds and yellow flowers are attractive features of this verticordia but it has not often been grown in gardens. It is relatively easy to propagate from cuttings and is hardy in areas with winter rainfall.

## InfoBox

| Coast featherflower | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (EPBC Act) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Verticordia* |
| Subgenus: | *Verticordia* subg. *Verticordia* |
| Section: | *Verticordia sect. Verticordia* |
| Species: | ***V. helichrysantha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Verticordia helichrysantha***
F.Muell. ex Benth. | |
|


title: Michigan Israel Business Accelerator

abstract: The Michigan Israel Business Accelerator, or MIBA, is an independent nonprofit organization that promotes economic ties between the U.S. state of Michigan and the State of Israel. The Michigan Israel Business Bridge was founded in 2007 and based in West Bloomfield, Michigan. In 2017, the Bridge was transformed and renamed the Michigan Israel Business Accelerator (MIBA). The MIBA serves as the state of Michigan's lead for all international trade between Michigan and Israel in order to drive economic prosperity and job creation in Michigan.

text:
# Michigan Israel Business Accelerator

The **Michigan Israel Business Accelerator**, or **MIBA**, is an independent nonprofit organization that promotes economic ties between the U.S. state of Michigan and the State of Israel. The Michigan Israel Business Bridge was founded in 2007 and based in West Bloomfield, Michigan. In 2017, the Bridge was transformed and renamed the Michigan Israel Business Accelerator (MIBA). The MIBA serves as the state of Michigan's lead for all international trade between Michigan and Israel in order to drive economic prosperity and job creation in Michigan.

## Mission

Accelerating Michigan's economic growth, one Israeli innovation at a time

## Background

The MIBA's economic development efforts focus on six industry sectors: mobility, defense, health tech, sustainability tech, food-ag tech and advanced manufacturing/industry 4.0. The MIBA accomplishes its mission of “accelerating Michigan’s economic growth, one Israeli innovation at a time” by creating an assortment of opportunities for Business-to- Business interactions through trade missions, events, curated connections, and through our newest initiative: The Elevator – the first-of-its-kind landing zone in the US exclusively for Israeli companies of all sizes and startups. Since being founded in 2017, the MIBA has created hundreds of connections between Michigan and Israeli businesses. These connections have resulted in over 50 collaborations between Michigan and Israeli companies that brought over $6 million in direct economic activity into our state since 2021. Michigan now ranks sixth in the country for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from Israel by number of projects and is positioned to move higher on that list. With the launch of The Elevator in June 2023, the MIBA has a new asset to leverage as part of a broadened attraction strategy. Not only does The Elevator provide no cost office space and landing zone amenities to Israeli startups/businesses that choose to scale in Michigan, but it also allows us to expand programming to provide educational and networking opportunities to help Israeli companies succeed in Michigan.

==

## InfoBox

Michigan Israel Business Accelerator
| Founded | 2007 (2007) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | \[Dual Non-Profit\]: 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(6) |
| Focus | Economic Development |
| Headquarters | Detroit, Michigan USA |
| Location |  |
| Area served | Michigan<br>Israel |
| Method | Trade missions |
| Key people | Scott Hiipakka, CEO **Michigan Team** Bernard Bourgeois, Director of Ecosystem Development Krista Siefert, Director of Operations Rachel Fine, Manager of Community Engagement Dan Ryan, Defense & Aerospace Partnerships **Israel Team** Esther Loewy, Senior Director, Market Expansion - MI US Naomi Miller, Director of Israel Partnerships Liza Yedwab, Manager of Israel Operations |
| Website | michiganisrael.com |
| Formerly called | Michigan Israel Business Bridge |


title: HD 33283

abstract: HD 33283 is a star in the southern constellation Lepus with one planet and a co-moving stellar companion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.05, the star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 294 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.5. This is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G3/5V. It is about 3.6 billion years old and is chromospherically inactive. The star is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 1 km/s and an estimated rotation period of about 55.5 days. It is larger and more massive than the Sun. HD 33283 is radiating over four times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,985 K. In 2014, a co-moving red dwarf companion star, HD 33283 B, of spectral class M4–M5 was detected at an angular separation of 55.7″, corresponding to a projected separation of 5,244 AU.

text:
# HD 33283

**HD 33283** is a star in the southern constellation Lepus with one planet and a co-moving stellar companion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.05, the star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 294 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.5.

This is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G3/5V. It is about 3.6 billion years old and is chromospherically inactive. The star is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 1 km/s and an estimated rotation period of about 55.5 days. It is larger and more massive than the Sun. HD 33283 is radiating over four times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,985 K.

In 2014, a co-moving red dwarf companion star, *HD 33283 B*, of spectral class M4–M5 was detected at an angular separation of 55.7, corresponding to a projected separation of 5,244 AU.

## Planetary system

In 2006, J. A. Johnson and associates found a jovian planet orbiting HD 33283 with the radial velocity method. It is orbiting at a distance of 0.15 AU (22 Gm) from the host star with a period of 18.2 days and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.4.

The HD 33283 planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ≥0.329±0.071 MJ | 0.1508±0.0087 | 18.1991±0.0017 | 0.399±0.056 |  |  |

## InfoBox

HD 33283
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Lepus |
|
| Right ascension | 05h 08m 01.0123s |
| Declination | −26° 47 50.8941 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 8.05 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | G3/5V + M4–5 |
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| B−V color index | 0.641±0.009 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +4.51±0.19 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: 56.184 mas/yr
Dec.: −46.058 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 11.0993 ± 0.0286 mas |
| **Distance** | 293.9 ± 0.8 ly
(90.1 ± 0.2 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 3.19 |
|  | |
| Details | |
| HD 33283 | |
| **Mass** | 1.39±0.04 *M*
1.24±0.1 |
| **Radius** | 1.95±0.04 *R*
1.20±0.1 |
| **Luminosity** | 4.37±0.02 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.99±0.03 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,985±57 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | 0.35±0.08 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 1.09±0.26 km/s |
| **Age** | 3.6±0.6 Gyr |
| HD 33283 B | |
| **Mass** | 0.17 |
| Other designations | |
| CD–26°2029, FK5 4470, Gaia DR2 2955981936912654592, GC 6286, HD 33283, HIP 23889, SAO 170100, PPM 75021, 2MASS J05080100-2647509 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Honvié

abstract: Honvié is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Adjarra. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 11,635.

text:
# Honvié

**Honvié** is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Adjarra. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 11,635.

6°27′43″N 2°40′39″E / 6.4619°N 2.6774°E / 6.4619; 2.6774

## InfoBox

| Honvié | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Ouémé Department |
| Commune | Adjarra |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 11,635 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya)

abstract: The People's Democratic Front (PDF) was a regional political party in the Indian state of Meghalaya. The PDF was founded in 2017 and was led by P. N. Syiem and Auspicious L. Mawphlang. It was a part of the North-East Democratic Alliance. The PDP's aim was to improve the development of the state especially of the tribal people. In the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election, the PDF won 128,413 votes and elected 4 MLAs. On 6 May 2023, the party merged with National People's Party.

text:
# People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya)

The **People's Democratic Front (PDF)** was a regional political party in the Indian state of Meghalaya. The PDF was founded in 2017 and was led by P. N. Syiem and Auspicious L. Mawphlang.

It was a part of the North-East Democratic Alliance. The PDP's aim was to improve the development of the state especially of the tribal people.

In the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election, the PDF won 128,413 votes (8.2% of the vote) and elected 4 MLAs.

On 6 May 2023, the party merged with National People's Party.

## InfoBox

| People's Democratic Front | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | PDF |
| President | Ivanlum Marbaniang |
| Founded | 2017 |
| Dissolved | 2023 |
| Merged into | NPP |
| Party flag | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ripon Nath

abstract: Ripon Nath is a Bangladeshi sound designer and recordist. His notable works include Monpura (2009), Third Person Singular Number (2009), Television (2012), Aynabaji (2016), No Bed of Roses (2017), No Dorai (2019), Hawa (2022), Fagun Haway (2019) and Surongo (2023). Besides films, he has worked in nearly every sector of Bangladeshi visual media. In addition to sound design, he has contributed as a vocalist and composer for numerous advertisements, documentaries, and films. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Sound Recording five times. He also won Best Sound Design award at the SAARC Film Festival 2019 for the film Fagun Haway (2019).

text:
# Ripon Nath

**Ripon Nath** is a Bangladeshi sound designer and recordist. His notable works include Monpura (2009), Third Person Singular Number (2009), Television (2012), Aynabaji (2016), No Bed of Roses (2017), No Dorai (2019), Hawa (2022), Fagun Haway (2019) and Surongo (2023). Besides films, he has worked in nearly every sector of Bangladeshi visual media. In addition to sound design, he has contributed as a vocalist and composer for numerous advertisements, documentaries, and films.

He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Sound Recording five times. He also won Best Sound Design award at the SAARC Film Festival 2019 for the film Fagun Haway (2019).

## Early life

Ripon Nath grew up in Rajbari, Chittagong, and Dhaka. His father was a government official and his mother a homemaker. He was the sixth of seven siblings. After completing his school and college education, he earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in management from National University. During his undergraduate studies, Ripon received initial training in sound design from the renowned sound engineer Ratan Pal.

## Career

Ripon began his career at Asiatic's Ddhoni Chitra, a renowned Bangladeshi advertising firm, where he worked for almost ten years. His career as a sound designer started with recording location sound for a documentary directed by Amitabh Reza Chowdhury. Ripon's first major work in cinema was for the film Bachelor (2004), directed by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki. After nearly a decade of working as a sound designer, he founded his own company, Soundbox Studio.

Ripon Nath has been designing sound for nearly all the contemporary notable films in Bangladesh. He has also worked on numerous web films and series, as well as thousands of advertisements. Beyond Bangladeshi cinema, he designed sound for the Indian film Sitara (2019), directed by Ashis Roy. He was the sound designer for *No Land's Man* (2021), directed by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki and produced by Oscar-winning Indian musician A.R. Rahman, acclaimed Indian thespian Nawazuddin Siddiqui, and several other notable producers. Several feature-length and short films with Ripon's sound design have been showcased at prestigious film festivals, including Cannes, Rotterdam, Raindance, Filmfest München, Locarno, Cinequest, Silver Wave, Moscow, Sydney, Shanghai, Singapore and Busan. Additionally, he is the sound designer for the majority of Bangladeshi content available on OTT platforms like Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Mubi.

## Other Careers

Besides being a sound designer, Ripon Nath works as a voice artist for advertisements and documentaries. In addition, he has composed music for numerous advertisements and several films, including Monpura (2009), Swapnajaal (2018), and Hotel Albatross (2017).

Ripon has also acted in many telefilms and advertisements, including Ekti Phone Kora Jabe Please? (2008) directed by Amitabh Reza Chowdhury, Amader Golpo (2012) directed by Iftekhar Ahmed Fahmi, and Highway (2017) directed by R B Pritam. Additionally, he has been a part-time lecturer in the Film and Media Department at Jagannath University.

## Selected filmography

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Film | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | National Film Awards | Best Sound Recording | *Chorabali* | Won |
| 2016 | National Film Awards | Best Sound Recording | *Aynabaji* | Won |
| 2017 | National Film Awards | Best Sound Recording | *Dhaka Attack* | Won |
| 2019 | SAARC Film Festival | Best Sound Design | *Fagun Haway* | Won |
| 2019 | National Film Awards | Best Sound Recording | *No Dorai* | Won |
| 2022 | National Film Awards | Best Sound Recording | *Hawa* | Won |
|

## InfoBox

| Ripon Nath | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Occupation(s) | Sound designer, sound recordist, sound editor, composer, and vocal artist |
| Years active | 2002 - Present |
| Awards | Bangladesh National Film Award, SAARC Film Festival Award |


title: Todd Bol

abstract: Todd Herbert Bol was the creator and founder of Little Free Library, a global public bookcase nonprofit organization. In 2009, he used wood from his old garage door to make the first library-on-a-stick as a tribute to his mother, June Bol, while living in Hudson, Wisconsin. As of 2016, the project had expanded to include Little Free Libraries in 85 countries. According to a 2018 article, there are now more than 75,000 Little Free Libraries in 88 countries. Bol worked as a public school teacher for five years in Circle Pines and Cambridge, Minnesota. Later, he founded an international trade company called Global Scholarship Alliance, which provides nursing scholarships for advanced nursing. He also founded Care Forth, Inc., an entrepreneurial consulting firm. Bol died from pancreatic cancer in 2018 at the age of 62.

text:
# Todd Bol

**Todd Herbert Bol** (January 2, 1956 – October 18, 2018) was the creator and founder of Little Free Library, a global public bookcase nonprofit organization. In 2009, he used wood from his old garage door to make the first library-on-a-stick as a tribute to his mother, June Bol, while living in Hudson, Wisconsin. As of 2016, the project had expanded to include Little Free Libraries in 85 countries. According to a 2018 article, there are now more than 75,000 Little Free Libraries in 88 countries.

Bol worked as a public school teacher for five years in Circle Pines and Cambridge, Minnesota. Later, he founded an international trade company called Global Scholarship Alliance, which provides nursing scholarships for advanced nursing. He also founded Care Forth, Inc., an entrepreneurial consulting firm.

Bol died from pancreatic cancer in 2018 at the age of 62.

## InfoBox

| Todd H. Bol | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 2, 1956
North St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Died | (aged 62)
Hudson, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Wisconsin–River Falls |
| Occupation(s) | Teacher, public bookcase maker |
| Years active | 2009–2018 |
| Known for | Founder of Little Free Library |


title: Gennadi Zakharov

abstract: Gennadi Fyodorovich Zakharov was a Soviet physicist who worked for the United Nations who was arrested in a sting operation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1986. In 1986, a Guyanese student named Leakh Bhoge, known to the world only as "C.S.", met him at a subway station in the Queens borough of New York City. C.S. had known Zakharov for about three years. He had been helped by Zakharov in his studies and in securing a job with a defense subcontractor. During their encounter in the subway station, C.S. handed over an envelope that contained classified documents describing United States Air Force jet engines in exchange for $1,000 in cash. Immediately after the exchange, agents of the FBI swarmed around Zakharov, subduing him and shackling him in handcuffs. It was only then that Zakharov discovered that C.S. was working undercover with the FBI and that his plan to steal secret technical information from the United States had failed. The KGB retaliated to this incident by arresting Nicholas Daniloff, an American journalist, three days later in Moscow charging him with espionage. After a hectic discussion between the two governments, the two men were exchanged without pressing any charges.

text:
# Gennadi Zakharov

**Gennadi Fyodorovich Zakharov** (born c.1947) was a Soviet physicist who worked for the United Nations who was arrested in a sting operation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1986.

In 1986, a Guyanese student named Leakh Bhoge, known to the world only as "C.S.", met him at a subway station in the Queens borough of New York City. C.S. had known Zakharov for about three years. He had been helped by Zakharov in his studies and in securing a job with a defense subcontractor.

During their encounter in the subway station, C.S. handed over an envelope that contained classified documents describing United States Air Force jet engines in exchange for $1,000 in cash. Immediately after the exchange, agents of the FBI swarmed around Zakharov, subduing him and shackling him in handcuffs. It was only then that Zakharov discovered that C.S. was working undercover with the FBI and that his plan to steal secret technical information from the United States had failed.

The KGB retaliated to this incident by arresting Nicholas Daniloff, an American journalist, three days later in Moscow charging him with espionage. After a hectic discussion between the two governments, the two men were exchanged without pressing any charges.


title: Honda Silver Wing 600

abstract: The Honda Silver Wing 600 is a 582 cc (35.5 cu in) maxi-scooter designed and manufactured by Honda. Introduced in 2001, it has a variomatic continuously variable transmission. Anti-lock brakes are optional. Prior to the production of the Silver Wing 600, the designation was used by Honda for its GL500 and GL650 Silver Wing touring motorcycles.

text:
# Honda Silver Wing 600

The **Honda Silver Wing 600** (also termed the **FJS600 Silverwing** and **SW-T600** in various markets) is a 582 cc (35.5 cu in) maxi-scooter designed and manufactured by Honda.

Introduced in 2001, it has a variomatic continuously variable transmission. Anti-lock brakes are optional.

Prior to the production of the Silver Wing 600, the designation was used by Honda for its GL500 and GL650 Silver Wing touring motorcycles.

## InfoBox

Silver Wing 600
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Honda |
| Production | 2001–present |
| Class | Maxi-scooter |
| Engine | 582 cc (35.5 cu in) 4-valve EFI DOHC parallel twin |
| Bore / stroke | 72 mm × 71.5 mm (2.83 in × 2.81 in) |
| Transmission | CVT |
| Suspension | Front: 41mm hydraulic fork; 4.7-inch travel
Rear: swingarm with dual hydraulic shocks with five-position spring-preload adjustability; 4.5-inch travel |
| Brakes | Front: Single 276 mm disc with Combined Braking System three-piston caliper
Rear: Single 240 mm disc with Combined Braking System twin-piston caliper and cable operated parking brake.
Optional ABS |
| Tires | Front: 120/80-14
Rear: 150/70-13 |
| Wheelbase | 62.8 in (1,600 mm) |
| Seat height | 29.7 in (750 mm) |
| Weight | 511 lb (232 kg)  (dry)
551 lb (250 kg) (wet) |
| Fuel capacity | 4.2 US gal (16 L; 3.5 imp gal)
Reserve: 0.9 US gal (3.4 L; 0.75 imp gal) |


title: HD 33266

abstract: HD 33266 is a solitary star in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.17, making it faintly visible to the naked eye. Located 481 light years away, it is approaching the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of −4.4 km/s. HD 33266 is an A-type star with 2.45 times the mass of the Sun and 3.14 times the radius of the Sun. It shines at 49.7 L☉ from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,952 K, giving it a white glow. Due to HD 33266 being an Am star, it spins slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 15 km/s at an age of 340 million years. Its metallicity − elements heavier than helium − is at solar level.

text:
# HD 33266

**HD 33266** (**HR 1675**) is a solitary star in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.17, making it faintly visible to the naked eye. Located 481 light years away, it is approaching the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of −4.4 km/s.

HD 33266 is an A-type star with 2.45 times the mass of the Sun and 3.14 times the radius of the Sun. It shines at 49.7 *L* from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,952 , giving it a white glow. Due to HD 33266 being an Am star, it spins slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 15 km/s at an age of 340 million years. Its metallicity − elements heavier than helium − is at solar level.

## Note

1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "*Gaia* Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **649**: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e).  Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
2. Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (March 2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **355**: L27–L30. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H. ISSN 0004-6361.
3. Çalışkan, Şeyma; Kılıçoğlu, Tolgahan; Elmaslı, Aslı; Nasolo, Yahya; Avcı, Zeynep; Albayrak, Berahitdin (January 2015). "Chemical abundance analysis of the A-type stars CP Cyg and HD 33266". *New Astronomy*. **34**: 6–10. Bibcode:2015NewA...34....6C. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2014.05.001. ISSN 1384-1076.
4. Mermilliod, J. -C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". *Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data*: 0. Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
5. Gontcharov, G. A. (November 2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". *Astronomy Letters*. **32** (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. ISSN 1063-7737. S2CID 119231169.
6. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (May 2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". *Astronomy Letters*. **38** (5): 331–346. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. ISSN 1063-7737. S2CID 119257644.
7. Stassun, Keivan G.; et al. (9 September 2019). "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List". *The Astronomical Journal*. **158** (4): 138. arXiv:1905.10694. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467. ISSN 0004-6256.
8. McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L. (21 November 2012). "Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars: Parameters and IR excesses from Hipparcos". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **427** (1): 343–357. arXiv:1208.2037. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
9. Gontcharov, G. A. (December 2012). "Dependence of kinematics on the age of stars in the solar neighborhood". *Astronomy Letters*. **38** (12): 771–782. arXiv:1606.08814. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..771G. doi:10.1134/S1063773712120031. ISSN 0320-0108. S2CID 255201789.
10. Royer, F.; Grenier, S.; Baylac, M.-O.; Gómez, A. E.; Zorec, J. (October 2002). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars: II. Measurement of ${v\sin i}$ in the northern hemisphere". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **393** (3): 897–911. arXiv:astro-ph/0205255. Bibcode:2002A&A...393..897R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020943. ISSN 0004-6361.

## InfoBox

HD 33266
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Camelopardalis |
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| Right ascension | 05h 13m 02.8149s |
| Declination | +61° 51 00.1463 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.17±0.01 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence |
| Spectral type | A2 Vam |
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| U−B color index | +0.08 |
| B−V color index | +0.04 |
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| Astrometry | |
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| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −4.4±2.9 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −12.154 mas/yr
Dec.: +2.135 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 6.7795 ± 0.0364 mas |
| **Distance** | 481 ± 3 ly
(147.5 ± 0.8 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | +0.58 |
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| Details | |
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| **Mass** | 2.45+0.32
0.34 |
| **Radius** | 3.14±0.08 |
| **Luminosity** | 49.7 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.83+0.07
0.06 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 8,952 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | 0.00 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 15±1 km/s |
| **Age** | 340 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| AG+61°422, BD+61°766, GC 6345, HD 33266, HIP 24313, HR 1675, SAO 13409 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: No. 200 Flight RAAF

abstract: No. 200 Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force special duties flight of World War II. The flight was formed in February 1945 to support the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB) and saw action over Borneo and the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) from March that year until the end of the war in August. No. 200 Flight was disbanded in December 1945.

text:
# No. 200 Flight RAAF

**No. 200 Flight** was a Royal Australian Air Force special duties flight of World War II. The flight was formed in February 1945 to support the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB) and saw action over Borneo and the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) from March that year until the end of the war in August. No. 200 Flight was disbanded in December 1945.

## History

From late 1943 B-24 Liberators of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 380th Bombardment Group were used on occasion to support Allied special operations units in the South West Pacific Area. In July two No. 24 Squadron RAAF B-24s were also modified to drop special operations personnel and conducted operations from Hollandia in this role during August.

In June 1944 it was proposed that a specialised RAAF unit be formed to provide air transport for the AIB's Z Special Unit. This proposal was supported, and No. 200 Flight was formed at Leyburn, Queensland on 20 February 1945. Many of the flight's air and ground crew were transferred to it from No. 99 Squadron. The flight was controlled by the AIB and was tasked with the insertion and supply of intelligence gathering parties behind Japanese lines. Due to the secrecy of these tasks personnel from the flight were forbidden to speak about their duties at any time. No. 200 Flight's six B-24 Liberators had been modified for the unit's specialised role. The main changes were the removal of the mid-upper and ball turrets and all armour plate, the replacement of the normal radar with a Rebecca radio set and the installation of a slide at the rear of the aircraft to drop personnel and supplies.

No. 200 Flight began training operations with Z Special Unit immediately upon formation. Despite the priority accorded to the unit, it experienced shortages of equipment and its accommodation and maintenance facilities at Leyburn were basic. By mid-March No. 200 Flight had a strength of nine eleven-man aircrews, 450 ground crew and six B-24s.

The flight began its first operations on 15 March 1945. On that day three B-24s (A72-191, A72-159 and A72-192) departed Leyburn for McGuire Field in Mindoro, where they arrived on 18 March, via Darwin and Morotai. After unsuccessful attempts on 21 and 22 March, two B-24s (A72-191 and A72-159) dropped a party of eight Z Special Unit personnel and equipment near Bario on 25 March but the aircraft (A72-191) flown by No. 200 Flight's commanding officer, Squadron Leader Harold Graham Pockley, disappeared on its way back to base with the loss of the 11 man crew and a British SOE officer, Major Henry. E. Ellis, who was attached to Z Special Unit. The two remaining Australian Liberators and United States Navy aircraft searched for this B-24 for two days, but did not locate its wreckage and returned to Leyburn on 30 March. No. 200 Flight continued to support Z Special Unit's operations (designated 'Semut 1') around Bario for the next few months, and eventually flew in 30 of the 42 personnel involved. Wing Commander E. V. Read succeeded Pockley on 15 April.

No. 200 Flight continued supporting AIB operations until the end of the war. On the night of 15/16 April three of its aircraft dropped personnel assigned to the Semut 2 operation in Borneo. It subsequently flew over 30 operations to drop AIB personnel and supplies in Borneo, Ambon, Lombok, Sumatra and Timor. These operations were successful, though the flight was hampered by the difficulty of locating its drop zones and inadequate support from the Australian First Tactical Air Force at Morotai, its main forward operational base. No. 200 Flight lost a further two B-24s in these operations; one was possibly shot down over Timor on 17 May and the other crashed either in or off the coast of north Borneo on or about 21 May. At least 46 men, including Z Special Unit operatives, were killed in the three aircraft which were lost, and this represented the highest loss rate of any of the RAAF's B-24 equipped units.

No. 200 Flight continued flying after the end of the war on 15 August 1945. It continued dropping AIB operatives and supplies until mid-October whereupon it was used to fly AIB personnel from Bougainville Island and Finschafen in New Guinea to Australia as well as to conduct courier flights. Mechanical problems were increasingly encountered in this period as a result of experienced personnel being discharged. No. 200 Flight's last sorties were made to drop leaflets and the unit was disbanded on 15 December 1945.

## Bibliography

* Nelmes, Michael V. (1994). *Tocumwal to Tarakan. Australians and the Consolidated B-24 Liberator*. Belconnen: Banner Books. ISBN 1-875593-04-7.
* RAAF Historical Section (1995). *Units of the Royal Australian Air Force. A Concise History. Volume 4 Maritime and Transport Units*. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42796-5.

## Further reading

* Powell, Alan (1996). *War by Stealth: Australians and the Allied Intelligence Bureau, 1942–1945*. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-522-84691-2.

## InfoBox

| No. 200 Flight RAAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Roland Griffiths-Marsh, a member of Z Special Unit conducting parachute training at Leyburn | |
| Active | February – December 1945 |
| Country | Australia |
| Branch | Royal Australian Air Force |
| Type | Special operations |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron code | NX |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Transport | B-24 Liberator |


title: Penectomy

abstract: Penectomy is penis removal through surgery, generally for medical or personal reasons.

text:
# Penectomy

**Penectomy** is penis removal through surgery, generally for medical or personal reasons.

## Medical reasons for penectomy

Cancer, for example, sometimes necessitates removal of part or all of the penis. The amount of penis removed depends on the severity of the cancer. Some men have only the tip of their penis removed. For others with more advanced cancer, the entire penis must be removed.

In rare instances, a botched circumcision can also result in a full or partial penectomy, as with David Reimer.

Fournier gangrene can also be a reason for penectomy and/or orchiectomy.

### Follow-up support

Because of the rarity of cancers which require the partial or total removal of the penis, support from people who have had the penis removed can be difficult to find locally. Website support networks are available. For instance, the American Cancer Society's Cancer Survivors Network website provides information for finding support networks. Phalloplasty is also an option for surgical reconstruction of a penis.

### Sexual support

Patients who have undergone a partial penectomy as a result of a penile cancer diagnosis have reported similar sexual outcomes as prior to surgery. Sexual support therapists and specialists are available nationally in the United States and can be accessed through the specialist cancer services. Many surgeons or hospitals will also provide this information postoperatively. Local government health services departments may be able to provide advice, names, and contact numbers.

## InfoBox

| Penectomy | |
| --- | --- |
| Diagram of a penectomy | |
| Specialty | urology |