title: Saigo no Yakusoku

abstract: 2010 Japanese TV series or program Saigo no Yakusoku is a Japanese drama special starring the members of Japanese boy band Arashi in their first drama together in nearly ten years.

text:
# Saigo no Yakusoku

***Saigo no Yakusoku*** (最後の約束, lit. *The Last Promise*) is a Japanese drama special starring the members of Japanese boy band Arashi in their first drama together in nearly ten years.

## Plot

Janitors Satoru Mashiko (Satoshi Ohno) and Haruo Iio (Kazuki Kosakai) are driving towards Energy Bio Corporation for work when motorcycle courier Nozomu Gotō (Jun Matsumoto) passes by them. Gotō goes to deliver a package to Yuriko Niimi (Meisa Kuroki), the daughter of the president of Energy Bio Corporation. Meanwhile, Fuyuko Todoroki (Nene Otsuka) orders a cappuccino from coffee shop employee Akira Tanada (Masaki Aiba). They talk before she has to leave to meet with insurance salesman Yukio Tomizawa (Sho Sakurai) downstairs. As Mashiko and Iio start cleaning, Tanada apologizes for giving security center employee Shūji Yamagiwa (Kazunari Ninomiya) and new security manager Shinichirō Okanaka (Naohito Fujiki) the wrong order.

At 3:00pm, a disguised man with a rifle informs everyone that he and his allies have hijacked the building and set up a bomb that will go off in ninety minutes should President Niimi (Masahiko Tsugawa) not arrive with the ransom. Before she is locked in with Tomizawa, Fuyuko and the rest of the hostages in the fifth floor lobby, Yuriko runs off with Gotō running after her. At the police station, Niimi and chief detective Genji Morozumi (Yukiya Kitamura) keep in contact with a hiding Tanada.

Meanwhile, Yuriko quickly collects company data worth more than the ransom money. She reveals how she believes her father will only come to save his company. In turn, Gotō reveals his own past of how his trusted friend died ten years ago. They cut off the power, which allows most of the hostages to escape the lobby. Okanaka distracts the hijackers to give Yamagiwa the chance to open the B-1 doors on the second floor for the hostages to escape the building after the power returns. Tanada informs the police that the basement doors are open, and Mashiko chooses not escape with Iio.

After the escaped hostages manage to get outside, Gotō tells Yuriko to go while he tries to take down the hijacker chasing after them. The doors close in front of Yuriko, who stops when she hears a gunshot and sees Gotō collapse; the hijackers take her away. Meanwhile, as the only two still trapped in the lobby, Fuyuko reveals to Tomizawa that her father died taking a drug handled by Niimi's company just before she is taken away as well. After administrating a background check, Morozumi finds out that the phone number Tanada has been using belongs to a young man who died ten years ago.

The hijackers take Niimi, who went in the building with the money, to the security room, where Yamagiwa, Okanaka, Yuriko and Fuyuko are tied up. One of the four hijackers in the room informs Niimi that all they want is for him to publicly admit that his company handled lethal medicine that killed their friend and Fuyuko's father. The hijackers reveal themselves to be Mashiko, Tomizawa, Tanada and Gotō. Okanaka knew that there were only a total five hijackers, with Yamagiwa being the fifth one who oversaw the operation.

Although Niimi initially refused to admit that he distributed the drug while knowing the risks, he relents and Yuriko decides to stay by her father's side. Niimi apologizes to her and then confesses to the media. After Okanaka agrees to erase the security data of their kōhai, who helped the five before the switch during the hostages' escape, the five escape through the air vents and into the basement. However, Mashiko realizes that he does not have the car key, only to find that Iio had left it on the car for him. At a distance from the building, the timer reaches zero and the bomb turns out to be an explosive for fireworks instead. Finally able to move forward, Mashiko, Tomizawa, Tanada, Yamagiwa and Gotō readily surrender themselves to the police.

## Cast

* Satoshi Ohno as Satoru Mashiko (28), an employee of the cleaning company Time Cleaning.
* Sho Sakurai as Yukio Tomizawa (28), a life insurance salesman who works for Ronnie Life Insurance.
* Masaki Aiba as Akira Tanada (28), an employee of Cameo Coffee, a coffee shop inside Energy Bio Corporation.
* Kazunari Ninomiya as Shūji Yamagiwa (27), a temporary employee of Energy Bio Corporation's security center.
* Jun Matsumoto as Nozomu Gotō (27), a motorcycle courier.
* Meisa Kuroki as Yuriko Nīmi, the daughter of the president of Energy Bio Corporation.
* Yukiya Kitamura as Genji Morozumi, the chief detective of the building hijack case.
* Kazuki Kosakai as Haruo Īo, a new employee of Time Cleaning.
* Masahiko Tsugawa as Tomohiko Nīmi, the president of Energy Bio Corporation.

### Guests

* Naohito Fujiki as Shinichirō Okanaka, the director of Energy Bio Corporation's security center,
* Nene Otsuka as Fuyuko Todoroki, an employee of Energy Bio Corporation.

Other cast members included Yasuhi Nakamura, Kisuke Īda, Shinji Rokkaku, Takeshi Ōbayashi, and Sayaka Morimoto.

## Production

Fuji Television announced on November 11, 2009, that all the members of Arashi would co-star in *Saigo no Yakusoku*.

### Filming

On the 14th day of filming, all five members began filming together. On the 16th day of filming, Ohno and Kitamura filmed the air duct and lift scenes. On the 21st day of filming, it was the last day of filming after two months. According to director Yuichi Satō (佐藤 祐市, *Satō Yuichi*) and Arashi member Jun Matsumoto, filming ended by the end of 2009.

### Music

It was announced on that Arashi themselves would provide the theme song "Sora Takaku" (空高く, lit. "Sky High") for the drama special. On January 7, 2010, a preview of the song was first aired on *Mezamashi TV* during an interview with Arashi.

## Release

### Promotion

From December 28, 2009, to January 3, 2010, posters depicting Arashi with black tape over their mouths were wrapped around the pillars of Omotesandō Station. As a shocking promotional tactic, real ropes were wrapped around the pillars, making it look like the members were bound and gagged.

On January 5, 2010, Arashi appeared at the Fuji Television headquarters in Odaiba with a lighting ceremony to celebrate the then-upcoming drama special. The headquarters were lit with green, purple, yellow, blue and red to encapsulate the representative colors of Aiba, Matsumoto, Ninomiya, Ohno and Sakurai respectively.

### Reception

The special received a viewership rating of 19.4% in the Kantō region.

### DVD

Released on June 2, 2010, the DVD sold 162,000 copies in its first week, making it both the first drama-related product to have sold over 100,000 copies in the first week and the drama DVD with the highest first week sales recorded in *Oricon* drama DVD history.

## InfoBox

| *Saigo no Yakusoku* | |
| --- | --- |
| 最後の約束 | |
| Genre | Human suspense |
| Written by | Shigeki Kaneko |
| Directed by | Yuichi Satō |
| Starring | Satoshi Ohno
Sho Sakurai
Masaki Aiba
Kazunari Ninomiya
Jun Matsumoto
Meisa Kuroki |
| Theme music composer | Arashi
Akio Izutsu |
| Country of origin | Japan |
| Original language | Japanese |
| Production | |
| Producer | Reiko Nagai |
| Original release | |
| Network | Fuji Television |
| Release | January 9, 2010 (2010-01-09) |


title: Refugees (drama)

abstract: Refugees is a drama by Bosnian writer Zlatko Topčić. It is written in Bosnian and English and was published in 1999. The theater play, directed by Gradimir Gojer, was premiered the same year in Kamerni teatar 55. The main character is Almasa, a strange woman full of unprecedented vibrations and accents. The book Refugee Performance (2013) by Australian professor Michael Balfour, from various aspects deals with literary, and especially, drama creativity whose theme is refugee. Among eighteen authors from all over the world who testify on this subject, is Topčić.

text:
# Refugees (drama)

***Refugees*** is a drama by Bosnian writer Zlatko Topčić. It is written in Bosnian and English and was published in 1999. The theater play, directed by Gradimir Gojer, was premiered the same year in Kamerni teatar 55 (Chamber Theatre 55).

The main character is Almasa, a strange woman full of unprecedented vibrations and accents.

The book *Refugee Performance* (2013) by Australian professor Michael Balfour, from various aspects deals with literary, and especially, drama creativity whose theme is refugee. Among eighteen authors from all over the world who testify on this subject, is Topčić.

## InfoBox

Refugees
| Author | Zlatko Topčić |
| --- | --- |
| Language | Bosnian
English |
| Publisher | Sarajevo Publishing
Intellect Ltd. |
| Publication date | 1999 (Bosnian and English edition)
2013 (new English edition) |
| Publication place | Bosnia and Herzegovina
United Kingdom (Bristol)
United States (Chicago) |


title: Henry O'Callaghan

abstract: Henry O'Callaghan was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle from 1887 to 1889. Born in London on 29 March 1827, he was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle by the Holy See on 1 October 1887. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 18 January 1888, the principal consecrator was Cardinal Lucido Maria Parocchi, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop William Clifford of Clifton and Bishop John Vertue of Portsmouth. He resigned on 19 September 1889 and appointed Titular Archbishop of Nicosia. He died in Florence, Italy on 10 October 1904, aged 77.

text:
# Henry O'Callaghan

**Henry O'Callaghan** (29 March 1827 – 10 October 1904) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle from 1887 to 1889.

Born in London on 29 March 1827, he was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle by the Holy See on 1 October 1887. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 18 January 1888, the principal consecrator was Cardinal Lucido Maria Parocchi, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop William Clifford of Clifton and Bishop John Vertue of Portsmouth.

He resigned on 19 September 1889 and appointed Titular Archbishop of *Nicosia*. He died in Florence, Italy on 10 October 1904, aged 77.


title: Mondeville, Essonne

abstract: Mondeville is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Inhabitants of Mondeville are known as Mondevillais.

text:
# Mondeville, Essonne

**Mondeville** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃dvil\] ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Mondeville are known as *Mondevillais*.

## InfoBox

| Mondeville | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Mondeville | |
| Location of Mondeville | |
| MondevilleMondeville | |
| Coordinates: 48°29′24″N 2°25′01″E / 48.49°N 2.4169°E / 48.49; 2.4169 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Essonne |
| Arrondissement | Étampes |
| Canton | Mennecy |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Xavier Bionne |
| Area**1** | 6.70 km2 (2.59 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 729 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 91412 /91590 |
| Elevation | 81–156 m (266–512 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Polflucht

abstract: Polflucht is a geophysical concept invoked in 1922 by Alfred Wegener to explain his ideas of continental drift. The pole-flight force F P f is that component of the centrifugal force during the rotation of the Earth that acts tangentially to the Earth's surface. The daily rotation of the Earth around its axis of rotation causes everybody on Earth to experience a centrifugal force that points away perpendicularly from the Earth's axis, i.e. diagonally to the Earth's surface, depending on the degree of latitude. The centrifugal force contains a component tangential to the surface of the Earth away from the pole; this component is called the Polfluchtkraft, or pole-flight force.

text:
# Polflucht

**Polflucht** (from German, *flight from the poles*) is a geophysical concept invoked in 1922 by Alfred Wegener to explain his ideas of continental drift.

The pole-flight force $F\_{\mathrm {Pf} }$ is that component of the centrifugal force during the rotation of the Earth that acts tangentially to the Earth's surface.

The daily rotation of the Earth (more precisely: within a sidereal day of 23.93447 hours) around its axis of rotation causes everybody on Earth to experience a centrifugal force that points away perpendicularly from the Earth's axis, i.e. diagonally to the Earth's surface, depending on the degree of latitude. The centrifugal force contains a component tangential to the surface of the Earth away from the pole; this component is called the *Polfluchtkraft*, or pole-flight force.

## Mathematics

The magnitude of the centrifugal force is:

$$F\_{\mathrm {Cf} }=m\cdot \omega ^{2}\cdot r$$

where

* $m$ is the mass of the body (not the Earth's mass!)
* $r$ is its distance from the Earth's axis
* $\omega =0.00007292116/\mathrm {s} $ is the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation in radians per second

The distance depends on the geographical latitude *φ* over a mean Earth radius *R* = 6371 km, resulting in:

$$\Rightarrow F\_{\mathrm {Cf} }=m\cdot \omega ^{2}\cdot R\cdot \cos \varphi $$

Only at the equator does the centrifugal force exactly counteract the gravitational force. At all other degrees of latitude it acts at an angle *α* = 90° – *φ* to the horizontal.

The following now applies to the pole-flight force:

$$\begin{aligned}F\_{\mathrm {Pf} }&=F\_{\mathrm {Cf} }\cdot \sin \varphi \\\&=m\cdot \omega ^{2}\cdot R\cdot \cos \varphi \cdot \sin \varphi \end{aligned}$$

## Effect

If one considers only that component of the force which acts parallel to the Earth's surface, then it is directed south in the northern hemisphere and north in the southern hemisphere. The constant action of this force is why the Earth is not a perfect sphere but is flattened at the poles. The somewhat elastic nature of the Earth adjusts to the prevailing rotation, so that its mass distribution yields to the polar-flight force and the equatorial radius increases at the expense of the polar radius. Today the flattening of the poles is 0.3353%, or 21 km.

Isaac Newton formulated this deformation mathematically for the first time. The resulting *Polfluchtkraft* was postulated by the German geologist Damian Kreichgauer in 1902 and the Hungarian physicist Loránd Eötvös in 1912. Around 1920 Alfred Wegener postulated the *pole flight of the continents* and suspected that the centrifugal force was the cause of continental drift hypothesized by him and others. This was refuted a few years later, but the terms *Polflucht* and *Polfluchtkraft* found their way into the scientific literature.

Wegener suggested that the differential gravitational force resulting from the horizontal component of the centrifugal could cause continental masses to drift slowly towards the equator.

Wegener's hypothesis was expanded by Paul Sophus Epstein in 1920, but the force is now known to be far too weak to cause plate tectonics. The strength of the layers of the Earth's crust is much stronger than assumed by Wegener and Epstein.

## Literature


title: Gaius Clodius Nummus

abstract: Gaius Clodius Nummus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Trajan. He was consul for the year 114 with Lucius Caesennius Sospes as his colleague. He is known almost exclusively from inscriptions. Experts have suggested identification of Nummus with two other men, and it is possible all three may be the same person. The first is known from inscriptions from Ephesus and Neapolis, Lucius Stertinius C.f. Maec. Quintilianus Acilius Strabo Gaius Curiatius Maternus Clodius Nummus. The inscription at Ephesus was set up by Lucius Stertinius Quitillianus etc. to his father Gaius Clodius C.f. Maec. Nummus, who died as quaestor in the province of Asia. From this, Olli Salomies, in his monograph on polyonymous names in the first centuries of the Roman Empire, surmises that after his father's death the younger Nummus was named at birth Gaius Clodius Nummus and adopted by a Lucius Stertinius Quintilianus Acilius Strabo Gaius Curiatius Maternus; this would have been a testamentary adoption, since the filiation of the younger Nummus is C.f., not L.f.. The second person Nummus the suffect consul could be identified with is a Lucius Acilius Strabo Clodius Nummus, who is attested as a legatus legionis or commander of Legio III Augusta, stationed in Numidia, in 116, as well as a consul. Discussing the possibilities, Ronald Syme opines that if Lucius Nummus the consul in 114 is not identical to Lucius Nummus the legatus, then the latter man held the consular fasces in the year 117, where there are a number of vacancies in the record. In his own discussion of the evidence, Salomies identifies the consul of 114 with Lucius Stertinius Quitillianus etc., while arguing that Nummus the legatus was a separate person, possibly related to Lucius Acilius Strabo, consul in 80. Until further evidence is recovered, the question as to whether the consul of 114 is one, both, or neither of these men must remain unresolved.

text:
# Gaius Clodius Nummus

**Gaius Clodius Nummus** was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Trajan. He was consul for the year 114 with Lucius Caesennius Sospes as his colleague. He is known almost exclusively from inscriptions.

Experts have suggested identification of Nummus with two other men, and it is possible all three may be the same person. The first is known from inscriptions from Ephesus and Neapolis, **Lucius Stertinius C.f. Maec. Quintilianus Acilius Strabo Gaius Curiatius Maternus Clodius Nummus**. The inscription at Ephesus was set up by Lucius Stertinius Quitillianus etc. to his father Gaius Clodius C.f. Maec. Nummus, who died as quaestor in the province of Asia. From this, Olli Salomies, in his monograph on polyonymous names in the first centuries of the Roman Empire, surmises that after his father's death the younger Nummus was named at birth Gaius Clodius Nummus and adopted by a Lucius Stertinius Quintilianus Acilius Strabo Gaius Curiatius Maternus; this would have been a testamentary adoption, since the filiation of the younger Nummus is *C.f.* (referencing a *Gaius*), not *L.f.* (referencing his adoptive father).

The second person Nummus the suffect consul could be identified with is a **Lucius Acilius Strabo Clodius Nummus**, who is attested as a *legatus legionis* or commander of Legio III Augusta, stationed in Numidia, in 116, as well as a consul. Discussing the possibilities, Ronald Syme opines that if Lucius Nummus the consul in 114 is not identical to Lucius Nummus the *legatus*, then the latter man held the consular fasces in the year 117, where there are a number of vacancies in the record. In his own discussion of the evidence, Salomies identifies the consul of 114 with Lucius Stertinius Quitillianus etc., while arguing that Nummus the *legatus* was a separate person, possibly related to Lucius Acilius Strabo, consul in 80. Until further evidence is recovered, the question as to whether the consul of 114 is one, both, or neither of these men must remain unresolved.


title: Wenallt Camp

abstract: Wenallt Camp, also known as Wenallt Enclosure, is an Iron Age enclosure on the southern slope of Wenallt Hill near Rhiwbina in Cardiff, Wales. The site is sometimes classified as a hillfort. The camp is a scheduled monument. The camp is a fairly rectangular oval measuring 60 metres (200 ft) north to south by 38 metres (125 ft) protected by a bank and ditch about 12 metres (40 ft) wide and 15 cm (6 in) high. There is an entrance to the south-east, and there are traces of an external stone revetment. Near the middle of the enclosure is a levelled terrace about 7.5 metres (25 ft) in diameter which may have been the site of a hut. The site would have given views across the Cardiff area and over the Bristol Channel. The camp lies in an area of semi-natural ancient woodland called The Wenallt, which is a popular site for visitors.

text:
# Wenallt Camp

**Wenallt Camp**, also known as Wenallt Enclosure, is an Iron Age enclosure on the southern slope of Wenallt Hill near Rhiwbina in Cardiff, Wales. The site is sometimes classified as a hillfort. The camp is a scheduled monument.

The camp is a fairly rectangular oval measuring 60 metres (200 ft) north to south by 38 metres (125 ft) protected by a bank and ditch about 12 metres (40 ft) wide and 15 cm (6 in) high. There is an entrance to the south-east, and there are traces of an external stone revetment. Near the middle of the enclosure is a levelled terrace about 7.5 metres (25 ft) in diameter which may have been the site of a hut. The site would have given views across the Cardiff area and over the Bristol Channel.

The camp lies in an area of semi-natural ancient woodland called *The Wenallt*, which is a popular site for visitors.

## InfoBox

| Wenallt Camp | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Cardiff | |
| Type | hillfort |
| Location | Cardiff, Wales |
| Coordinates | 51°32′15″N 3°13′25″W / 51.537397°N 3.223697°W / 51.537397; -3.223697 |
| OS grid reference | ST 1522 8276 |
|  | |
| Scheduled monument | |
| Official name | Wenallt Camp |
| Reference no. | GM097 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Iwona Jasiuk

abstract: Iwona M. Jasiuk is a Polish-American materials scientist and bioengineer, a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and the former president of the Society of Engineering Science. Her research includes work on the mechanical properties of bone, of nanocomposites, and of 3D-printed cellular structures.

text:
# Iwona Jasiuk

**Iwona M. Jasiuk** is a Polish-American materials scientist and bioengineer, a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and the former president of the Society of Engineering Science. Her research includes work on the mechanical properties of bone, of nanocomposites, and of 3D-printed cellular structures.

## Education and career

Jasiuk is an immigrant to the United States from Poland, and counts Polish-French immigrant and scientist Marie Curie as one of her heroes. She studied structural engineering at the University of Illinois Chicago, graduating in 1980, and went on to earn a master's degree there in 1982. She completed a Ph.D. in theoretical and applied mechanics at Northwestern University in 1986.

She worked as a faculty member in the Michigan State University Metallurgy, Mechanics and Materials Science Department from 1986 to 1996, in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech from 1996 to 2004, and in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Concordia University in Canada from 2004 to 2006. In 2006, she took her present position at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, jointly in the Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering. She added affiliations with the university's National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in 2014, with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine in 2017, and with the Department of Aerospace Engineering in 2018.

She was president of the Society of Engineering Science for 2006.

## Recognition

Jasiuk was named an ASME Fellow in 2003, and a Fellow of the Society of Engineering Science in 2012.

She is the 2016 winner of the American Advanced Materials Award of the International Association of Advanced Materials.


title: Vibeke Sperling

abstract: Vibeke von Sperling was a Danish newspaper and broadcast journalist. She began working as a teaching assistant teaching about the Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Soviet Union at Aarhus University and Roskilde University before joining the staff at Dagbladet Information newspaper in 1978, where she would become its editor-in-chief in 1983. Sperling began working for DR Radio in 1987 until she joined the newspaper Politiken and became the first female foreign affairs editor at a Danish national newspaper while there in 2000 before becoming a foreign employee and commentator at the publication in 2003. She was the author of ten books on Eastern European politics, Russia and Yugoslavia.

text:
# Vibeke Sperling

**Vibeke von Sperling** (26 January 1945 – 13 May 2017) was a Danish newspaper and broadcast journalist. She began working as a teaching assistant teaching about the Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Soviet Union at Aarhus University and Roskilde University before joining the staff at *Dagbladet Information* newspaper in 1978, where she would become its editor-in-chief in 1983. Sperling began working for DR Radio in 1987 until she joined the newspaper *Politiken* and became the first female foreign affairs editor at a Danish national newspaper while there in 2000 before becoming a foreign employee and commentator at the publication in 2003. She was the author of ten books on Eastern European politics, Russia and Yugoslavia.

## Biography

On 26 January 1945, Sperling was born Vibeke von Sperling in Aalborg. She was the daughter of the German brewmaster Kurt Ditlev von S., who had a conservative background, and the telegraph operator and waitress Grethe Lund Pedersen, who originated from a social democratic environment. Sperling's parents divorced when she was five years old, and she and her siblings lived with her mother in Skive. She was raised with the perception that "the notion that it was women who could and that men were weak." Sperling left Italy and studied classical literature at Viborg Katedralskole for a year in 1963 then relocated to Rome, where she worked as an au pair and learnt to speak Italian. She studied classical archaeology at Aarhus University starting from 1964 and became interested in other cultures travelling to Eastern and Central Europe, becoming a tour guide for Danish tourist groups visiting Yugoslavia in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Sperling did not complete her education at university and was international secretary of the Student Council during 1968.

She joined the Left Socialists political party in 1967 and was elected to its primary board at its first congress and was a frequent representative of the party in European meetings. Sperling opposed the assession of Denmark to the European Community in 1973 due to her belief it was causing division in Europe. From 1974 to 1978, Sperling worked as a teaching assistant teaching about the Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Soviet Union at Aarhus University and Roskilde University. The *Dagbladet Information* newspaper employed Sperling to join its staff in 1978, working as a correspondent in Moscow from 1981 to 1982 in which she criticised and analysed Soviet society in-depth. She became the newspaper's editor-in-chief with Torben Krogh in 1983 and left the publication in 1987. From 1987 to 1993, Sperling worked on the programme *P1 Orientering* on Danmarks Radio (DR) in the Soviet Union and later in Eastern Europe and Russia. She went on to become DR Radio's Moscow correspondent for the programmes *Radioavisen* and *Orientering* between 1993 and 1997. Sperling was subsequently made editor of DR2's foreign policy magazine progamme *Udefra* in 1997 and 1998.

She was appointed foreign editor at the newspaper *Politiken* in 1998, becoming the first female to hold that job at a major large nationwide newspaper in Denmark. Sperling left the job in 2000. She was made a foreign employee and commentator at *Politiken* in 2003 and became a board member of The Danish Foreign Policy Society in 2010. Sperling was the author of a total of ten books that had subjects such as Russia and followed the development of that nation, as well as Yugoslavia and politics in Eastern Europe. She wrote *Sovjetimperiet i opløsning* in 1991,  *Jugoslavien i stykker* the following year, and *Russernes drømm* in mid-2015 in which she discusses the lack of understanding of Russia and the Russian people by the Western world.

## Personal life

Sperling was twice married and had three children. On 13 May 2017, she died of cancer in Copenhagen.

## Analysis and awards

According to Inge-Lise Paulsen & Vibeke Nissen in Sperling's entry in *Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon*, she was incredibly conscious to understand day-to-day life in interviews and reports she authored and she had "the combination of professional integrity and political commitment, which has meant that throughout her journalistic career she has had a unique impact on the Danish public." She was named the recipient of the Publicist Award in 1990 and the Den Berlingske Fonds Journalistpris accolade in 1992.

## InfoBox

| Vibeke Sperling | |
| --- | --- |
| Sperling in 2015 | |
| Born | Vibeke von Sperling
(1945-01-26)26 January 1945
Aalborg, Denmark |
| Died | 13 May 2017(2017-05-13) (aged 72)
Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1964–2015 |
| Children | 3 |


title: Neckar-Alb

abstract:
Neckar-Alb is one of three regions (Regionalverband) in the Tübingen administrative region (Regierungsbezirke) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It contains the Neckar river. Neckar-Alb is the third largest industrial zone in Germany. It is divided into:
  - Reutlingen district
  - Tübingen district
  - Zollernalb district

text:
# Neckar-Alb

**Neckar-Alb**
| Country
State
Adm. Region | Germany
Baden-Württemberg
Tübingen |
| --- | --- |
| Population | 690,006 (September 2004) |
| Density | 273 inhabitants per km2 |
| Area | 2,531.03 km2 |
| Official website | www.neckaralb.de |

**Neckar-Alb** is one of three regions (*Regionalverband*) in the Tübingen administrative region (*Regierungsbezirke*) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It contains the Neckar river.

Neckar-Alb is the third largest industrial zone in Germany. It is divided into:


title: Saigo no Tight Hug

abstract: "Saigo no Tight Hug" is a song recorded by Japanese idol girl group Nogizaka46. It was released on November 5, 2021, through N46Div., and Sony Music Records, as a lead single of their first compilation album Time Flies. Erika Ikuta, who graduated from the group on December 31, 2021, serves as the center position of the song.

text:
# Saigo no Tight Hug

"**Saigo no Tight Hug**" (最後のTight Hug, lit. "Last tight hug") is a song recorded by Japanese idol girl group Nogizaka46. It was released on November 5, 2021, through N46Div., and Sony Music Records, as a lead single of their first compilation album *Time Flies*. Erika Ikuta, who graduated from the group on December 31, 2021, serves as the center position of the song.

## Background and release

On October 10, 2021, Nogizaka46 announced their 10-year-anniversary compilation album, scheduled for release on December 15, titled *Time Flies*. Three days after the announcement, Erika Ikuta, a first generation member announced to graduate from the group on December 31 on her official blog. She said the compilation album would be the last record from Nogizaka46 that she will appear in. Along with the single, her own solo graduation song, "Toki no Wadachi" appears on the album.

"Saigo no Tight Hug" was announced on October 29 as the album's lead single. Erika Ikuta, who at the time, was graduating from the group, serves as the center position of the song. It scheduled for release on November 5 to digital music and streaming platforms. The full song was aired for the first time on *Nogizaka46's All Night Nippon* on November 3.

## Composition and lyrics

"Saigo no Tight Hug" was written by Yasushi Akimoto. Katsuhiko Sugiyama was in charge of sole composition and co-arrangement with Manabu Yachi. It was composed in the key of F Major, 119 beats per minute with a running time of 4 minutes and 55 seconds. Writing for *Real Sound*, Akihiro Watanabe described the song as a "the-warmth-lives-together-with-the-sadness" feeling to hug and send Ikuta off, with an acoustic guitar transforming to an organ-like synthesizer.

## Music video

An accompanying music video for "Saigo no Tight Hug" was released on November 16, 2021. Directed by Kazuma Ikeda, the music video was shot for two days at Nagano Prefecture around mid-October 2021. With the village festival theme, it conveys the feeling of Ikuta, who will leave the village, with the expression of dancing and tight hugs instead of words. According to Ikeda, the visuals of the music video were inspired by the films *Midsommar* (2019), *Donkey Skin* (1970), and *Dreams* (1990).

## Live performance

Nogizaka46 gave a debut performance of "Saigo no Tight Hug" at YTV's *Best Hits Kayosai* on November 11, 2021, alongside "Gomen ne Fingers Crossed". They performed the song at TBS's *CDTV Live! Live!* on November 15, filmed at Tokyo National Museum, where they are currently exhibiting the group's Shunkashūtō / Four Season Nogizaka46, alongside the special medley, titled *Shunkashūtō Medley*, consisting of "Harujion ga Sakukoro", "Jikochū de Ikō!", "Ima, Hanashitai Dareka ga Iru", and "Kaerimichi wa Tōmawari Shitaku Naru". On November 17, the group performed the song as part of the medley with "Guruguru Curtain", "Girls' Rule", "Synchronicity", and "Hadashi de Summer" on Nippon TV's *Best Artist 2021*, as well as *Shibuya Note* on November 27. The group performed the song at Fuji TV's *FNS Music Festival* on December 8, alongside Ikuta and Yuki Saito's collaboration "Sotsugyō".

Nogizaka46 members Ikuta, Hina Higuchi, Shiori Kubo, Sakura Endō, and Haruka Kaki appeared on MTV's *MTV Unplugged* on December 11, performed "Saigo no Tight Hug" in piano version. "Saigo no Tight Hug" at MTV Video Music Awards Japan 2021: The Live on December 18, alongside "Influencer", and "Synchronicity". The group performed the song at the 6-hour special edition of TV Asahi's *Music Station*, titled *Music Station Ultra Super Live 2021* on December 24, as well as *Buzz Rhythm 02* on the same day along with "Sing Out!".

## Participating members

3rd Row: Sakura Endō, Rei Seimiya, Sayaka Kakehashi, Ayame Tsutsui, Seira Hayakawa, Mayu Tamura, Haruka Kaki

2nd Row: Renka Iwamoto, Yūki Yoda, Minami Umezawa, Mai Shinuchi, Mizuki Yamashita, Shiori Kubo

1st Row: Hinako Kitano, Hina Higuchi, Asuka Saitō, Erika Ikuta (centre), Manatsu Akimoto, Minami Hoshino, Ayane Suzuki

## Charts

Chart performance for "Saigo no Tight Hug"
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan Download Songs (*Billboard Japan*) | 14 |
| Japan Digital Singles (Oricon) | 15 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Saigo no Tight Hug"
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | November 5, 2021 |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| "Saigo no Tight Hug" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Nogizaka46 | |
| from the album  *Time Flies* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| Released | November 5, 2021 (2021-11-05) |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Length | 4:55 |
| Label |  |
| Composer(s) | Katsuhiko Sugiyama |
| Lyricist(s) | Yasushi Akimoto |
| Producer(s) | Yasushi Akimoto |
| Nogizaka46 singles chronology | |
| "Kimi ni Shikarareta"
(2021) "**Saigo no Tight Hug**"
(2021) "Actually..."
(2022) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Saigo no Tight Hug" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Mokumokuren

abstract: Mokumokuren Mokumokuren are yōkai in Japanese mythology.

text:
# Mokumokuren

***Mokumokuren*** (目目連 or 目々連) are *yōkai* in Japanese mythology.

## Mythology

The *Mokumokuren* usually live in torn shoji (Japanese paper sliding walls), although they can also be found in tatami floor mats and in walls. The name "Mokumokuren" literally means "many eyes" or "continuous eyes". The *Mokumokuren* is considered by the Japanese to be one of the traditional inhabitants of haunted houses.

The only way to remove the spirit from the wall is to patch up the holes in it.

*Mokumokuren* are said to be an invention of Toriyama Sekien.

## Legends

A stingy traveling merchant once tried to save money by sleeping in an abandoned house rather than sleeping in an inn. Waking in the middle of the night, he was confronted by an (almost) entire shoji screen staring down at him. Instead of becoming scared, he removed the eyeballs from the screen and sold them to a local eye surgeon.

In another story, a traveler was determined to remain in the same house as a *Mokumokuren*, attempting to ignore it by wrapping the blanket he had been sleeping beneath tightly around his head. When he awoke, he discovered that his eyeballs had been removed, and were nowhere to be found.

The Pokémon Stakataka is based on the Mokumokuren.

1. Yoda, Hiroko (2008). *Yokai Attack! The Japanese Monster Survival Guide*. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 978-4-8053-1219-3.


title: Refugees (The Wire)

abstract: "Refugees" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire. Written by Dennis Lehane from a story by Ed Burns & Dennis Lehane, and directed by Jim McKay, it originally aired on October 1, 2006.

text:
# Refugees (The Wire)

"**Refugees**" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series *The Wire*. Written by Dennis Lehane from a story by Ed Burns & Dennis Lehane, and directed by Jim McKay, it originally aired on October 1, 2006.

## Plot

Mayor Royce meets with Parker, who thinks that campaign posters with Pan-African flag colors can help him shore up Baltimore's black vote, though Royce mocks the idea as tacky. Royce organizes a poker game to raise money for his campaign; among his opponents is Krawczyk. After some discussion with his staff, Carcetti meets with the interdenominational ministerial alliance. Knowing his chances, Carcetti does not outright ask for support, but promises his ear to them anyway, should he be elected. Watkins watches Marla in a debate with her opponent, Eunetta Perkins, and is outraged when he sees that Royce has broken his promise and put Perkins on his ticket instead of Marla.

Greggs joins Freamon in Homicide, and learns that Landsman shares her disdain for new Major Crimes Units (MCU) head Marimow. She sees Bunk interview a witness who identifies Lex as the killer of Fruit. Elsewhere, Colonel Raymond Foerster meets with Burrell and Rawls to discuss the murder of the state's witness. Royce has asked Burrell to slow the investigation so that no proof that the motive was the victim's upcoming testimony will emerge before the election. Burrell orders Foerster to assign the case to Greggs because of her rookie status. Foerster reluctantly complies. The detectives discuss Marimow's destruction of the MCU, whereupon Bunk calls Marimow the "unit killer" due to his effect on the MCU. Bunk and Freamon serve a warrant on Lex's home, where they find that his grieving mother has set up a shrine to her son. While drinking with Bunk, Freamon theorizes that Marlo has not been linked to any murders because he is hiding corpses in an unknown location.

After losing money in a poker game, Marlo has Partlow pick him up from a grocery store. Inside, he brazenly steals a lollipop in front of the security guard. When the guard confronts Marlo, he replies that the guard's presence meant nothing to him. At Vinson's rim shop, Old Face Andre informs Marlo about Omar's robbery of his store. When Andre tries to get out of a debt, Marlo demands that he hand over his diamond ring as collateral and tells him to pay what he owes. Marlo sends Partlow and Snoop to track and kill the guard. They also visit Bodie, who reluctantly agrees to sell for Marlo. Stanfield soldier O-Dog gives Bodie a package of drugs and the terms of his business relationship with Marlo. After tracking down Michael to his house, Partlow and Snoop hide the guard's body in a boarded up rowhouse.

Proposition Joe tries to convince Marlo to join the New Day Co-Op and aid their planned war with the New York drug dealers intruding into East Baltimore. Marlo, unconcerned because his territory is on the West Side, declines Joe's offers of protection and ends the meeting. At Butchie's bar, Joe meets with Omar and assures him that he had nothing to do with Stringer Bell's scheme turning Omar against Brother Mouzone. To make amends, Joe offers information on Marlo's card game, asking for a quarter of the take. Omar finds the opportunity to his liking and robs the game while Marlo is playing, taking Andre's ring and the money. When Marlo tells Omar that this is not the end of their dealings, Omar warns him that he can find his people with less effort than Marlo will need to find him. Marlo, handing over the ring, replies only, "Wear it in health."

Marimow watches Sydnor and Massey as they turn off the wiretap. Dozerman and Herc report to the MCU, and are lectured by Marimow about how they will be operating. Meanwhile, Bubbles berates Sherrod for missing school and warns him that not attending classes could mean the end of their business partnership. The two meet with Donnelly to discuss Sherrod's poor attendance. Later, Bubbles watches the illiterate Sherrod pretend to read books from school. Sherrod takes out an algebra book and a French dictionary, claiming one to be a workbook that goes with the other. Bubbles isn't fooled but says nothing about the ruse.

Dukie, Randy, Namond and Michael spend time at Cutty's gym and discuss the box cutter incident. When Spider fails to show up for a training session, Cutty again offers to train Michael. The Deacon offers Cutty a janitor position at the boys' middle school. Sherrod joins Prez's class. When Prez tries to get his students to open up about the box cutter incident, Namond and other students instead impertinently interrupt and ask about his career as a police officer. Randy and Sherrod both use the disruption to leave the class; Randy is caught selling candy in the sixth grade cafeteria. When Randy is brought before Donnelly, she demands that he tell her who is responsible for a spate of graffiti at the school. Instead of a custodial position, Cutty finds himself being interviewed to work as an unofficial truant officer. He learns that the school rounds up truants to meet minimum attendance figures it needs to secure extra funding, rather than to ensure they are educated.

Colvin and Parenti meet with the school superintendent, Mrs. Conway, who agrees to fund their in-school program after being assured that the scheme will not bring bad publicity to the school board. At the school, Colvin and Parenti sign confidentiality agreements and safety waivers. Colvin meets with the eighth grade teacher Grace Sampson, who says that many teachers view the scheme as an unwelcome intrusion from City Hall. Colvin observes the students, seeing variation in how well classes perform with the best behavior in the younger grades. While the boys head home, they learn that someone "snitched" and got a student suspended over the graffiti. Prez learns that Chiquan will be scarred from the box cutter attack. Michael starts Bug on his homework and heads to Cutty's gym. There, Michael agrees to attend a boxing match with Cutty and Justin. Afterwards, Michael avoids Cutty's attempts at conversation and refuses a lift to his house.

## Production

Richard De Angelis makes his final appearance as CID Colonel Raymond Foerster.

The dialogue between Marlo and the security guard (specifically the "You want it to be one way" section) was sampled in Little Brother's 2007 album *Getback* on the song "Sirens".

### Title reference

The episode title refers to the detectives fleeing the major crimes unit. It also refers to Bodie being on his own in the streets after the fall of the Barksdale organization.

### Epigraph

> No one wins. One side just loses more slowly.
>
> Prez

Prez says this to his wife, referring to the game of football he is watching. This quote is almost certainly a reference to the 1975 film *Night Moves*, in which the protagonist says virtually exactly the same thing to his wife when she asks him who is winning a televised football game: "Nobody, one side is just losing slower than the other."

### Credits

#### Starring cast

Although credited, Lance Reddick, Deirdre Lovejoy, and Seth Gilliam do not appear in this episode. This is the first episode of the series not to feature Reddick. Since Reddick was the only actor in every episode prior to this, from this point on, nobody has appeared in every episode.

#### Guest stars

1. Richard De Angelis as Colonel Raymond Foerster
2. Jermaine Crawford as Duquan "Dukie" Weems
3. Maestro Harrell as Randy Wagstaff
4. Julito McCullum as Namond Brice
5. Tristan Wilds as Michael Lee
6. Gbenga Akkinagbe as Chris Partlow
7. Robert F. Chew as Proposition Joe
8. Tootsie Duvall as Assistant Principal Marcia Donnelly
9. Dravon James as Mrs. Grace Sampson
10. Melvin Williams as The Deacon
11. Maria Broom as Marla Daniels
12. Brandy Burre as Theresa D'Agostino
13. Karen Vicks as Gerry
14. Alfonso Christian Lover as Old Face Andre
15. S. Robert Morgan as Butchie
16. Felicia Pearson as Snoop
17. Phillip Burgess as Security Guard
18. Justin Burley as Justin
19. Rashad Orange as Sherrod
20. Boris McGiver as Lieutenant Charles Marimow
21. Rick Otto as Detective Kenneth Dozerman
22. Delaney Williams as Sergeant Jay Landsman
23. Shamika Cotton as Raylene Lee
24. David Fonteno as Poker winner
25. Sheila Gaskins as Mrs. Anderson
26. Richard Hildebird as Claudell Withers
27. Dan DeLuca as Dr. David Parenti
28. Della Ford as Unknown
29. Cleo Reginald Pizana as Chief of Staff Coleman Parker
30. Lora Reed as Unknown
31. Tyreeka Freamon as School Receptionist
32. Alan V. Poulson as Developer
33. Frederick Strother as State Delegate Odell Watkins
34. Gregory L. Williams as Detective Crutchfield
35. Michael Willis as Andy Krawczyk

#### Uncredited appearances

* Kwame Patterson as Monk Metcalf
* Joilet F. Harris as Officer Caroline Massey
* Darrell M. Smith as School Officer Turner
* Atif Lanier as Western District Officer
* Jonnie Louis Brown as Officer Eddie Walker
* Nicole Pettis as Miss Reese - sixth grade English teacher
* Sheila Cutchlow as Miss Sheperdson - education bureaucrat
* Destiny Jackson-Evans as Crystal Judkins
* Jeffrey Lorenzo as Karim Williams
* Davone Cooper as Darnell Tyson
* Jason Wharton as Albert Stokes
* Rakiya Orange as Charlene Young
* James Lewis as Marvin - Truant Officer
* Steve Staiger as Property Developer
* Dave Cooperman as High Roller
* Joanna Becker as High Roller
* Paul Fahrenkopf as High Roller
* Brian Ross Huse as High Roller
* Darrell Britt-Gibson as O-Dog
* Tyrell Baker as Little Kevin
* Keenon Brice as Bug
* Seth Hurwitz as Poker player
* Mark Joy as Ed Bowers - Property Developer
* Tony Bailey as Charles
* Unknown as Eunetta Perkins
* Unknown as Marcus - young fighter
* Unknown as Cashier
* Stephanie Burden as Mrs. Pryzbylewski
* Unknown as Kwanese
* Unknown as Superintendent Conway

## InfoBox

| "**Refugees**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Wire* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 4
Episode 4 |
| Directed by | Jim McKay |
| Story by | Ed Burns
Dennis Lehane |
| Teleplay by | Dennis Lehane |
| Original air date | October 1, 2006 (2006-10-01) |
| Running time | 58 minutes |
|
|


title: Gaeumannomyces

abstract: Gaeumannomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Magnaporthaceae.

text:
# Gaeumannomyces

***Gaeumannomyces*** is a genus of fungi in the family Magnaporthaceae.

## Species

*Gaeumannomyces* in *Index Fungorum*

## InfoBox

| Gaeumannomyces | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Subclass: | Diaporthomycetidae |
| Order: | Magnaporthales |
| Family: | Magnaporthaceae |
| Genus: | ***Gaeumannomyces***<br>Arx & D.L. Olivier 1952 |
|
| Species | |
| See text. | |


title: Cristina Llanos

abstract: Cristina Llanos Fayos is a Spanish musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter. She was the lead vocalist and principal songwriter of the Spanish rock band Dover.

text:
# Cristina Llanos

**Cristina Llanos Fayos** (born 3 December 1975) is a Spanish musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter. She was the lead vocalist and principal songwriter of the Spanish rock band Dover.

## Biography

She attended Virgen de Europa School in Boadilla del Monte, and she left it after repeating the course at 18 years old. After living six months in London, she worked in clothing stores that her mother run in a mall of Majadahonda. She is the younger sister of Amparo Llanos, guitarist and band leader of Dover, who influenced her by teaching her to play the guitar and introducing her to bands like The Beatles, R.E.M. or Nirvana.

She began her career in 1992 with her sister Amparo and Jesús Antúnez. They found a bassist (Alvaro Díez) and recorded the album "Sister", which was a great disappointment, selling only 700 copies. Two years later, they released "Devil Came to Me" with which they got a remarkable success of sales, 800,000 copies. In 2006, "Follow the city lights" was released, turning its music genre to electronics. A few years later, the album "I Ka Kené" was published and had a strong influence of African sounds. In February 2015, they released a new album, "Complications", with which they returned to their origins of rock.

Cristina was responsible for most of the lyrics of the group.

## Discography

### Dover

## InfoBox

| Cristina Llanos | |
| --- | --- |
| Cristina Llanos, 2014. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Cristina Llanos Fayos |
| Also known as | Cristina |
| Born | (1975-12-03) 3 December 1975 |
| Origin | Madrid, Spain |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Musician * vocalist * songwriter |
| Instruments | * Vocals * guitar |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


abstract: The National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children, later known as the Merriweather Home for Children, was a relief association in the Pleasant Plains neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded in 1863 to house and educate formerly enslaved women and children who fled to Washington during the American Civil War, the organization would go on to operate for more than a century, becoming the only orphanage for African American children in the city by the 1950s. In 2022, the National Home's former building at 733 Euclid Street N.W. was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children

The **National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children**, later known as the **Merriweather Home for Children**, was a relief association in the Pleasant Plains neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

Founded in 1863 to house and educate formerly enslaved women and children who fled to Washington during the American Civil War, the organization would go on to operate for more than a century, becoming the only orphanage for African American children in the city by the 1950s.

In 2022, the National Home's former building at 733 Euclid Street N.W. was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

As formerly enslaved people fled to Washington, D.C., during the American Civil War, they faced dire conditions, with an estimated one-third of these escapees in Washington dying between 1862 and 1866. In 1863, a group of women including Elizabeth Keckly founded the National Association for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children to help them. The association sought to be "an asylum for the freed orphans and destitute aged women, whom the onward march of freedom has left to the care of the benevolent." Its National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children worked to both house and educate African American women and children.

While the majority of the organization's original founders were white, it had a long history of management by African American Washingtonians. Frederick Douglass, James Wormley, and Charles Burleigh Purvis were among its first Black trustees in the 1870s. Especially notable among these Black leaders is Mary Robinson Meriwether, who became the organization's president in 1915, after whom it was renamed the Merriweather Home for Children sometime between the 1930s and 1950s.

After being forced out of its original location at the Burleith estate in the early postwar years, the association moved east to what is now the Pleasant Plains neighborhood, at the now-defunct address of 2458 Eighth Street N.W. It operated there for several decades, then bought a property at 733 Euclid Street N.W. in 1930. After the move, it tightened the focus of its activities to solely caring for children.

By the 1950s, the Merriweather Home was the only private orphanage for Black children in Washington. It continued to operate until 1971, when the nearly bankrupt institution was accused of inhumane conditions and shut down.

## Structure

The building at 733 Euclid Street N.W. was constructed around 1879 in the Second Empire style. It was built as part of the Todd & Brown's Subdivision in the Pleasant Plains neighborhood of Northwest Washington D.C. Originally a duplex, it was converted into one unit by the National Home after it purchased the house. The organization subsequently built on a rear addition, and it is also thought that the home's porch was constructed at this time.

The home's design is marked by its Second Empire-style mansard roof, round-arched windows, and front porch. It sits up high behind a retaining wall.

After the Merriweather Home shuttered in the early 1970s, it was converted to the Marie Key Day Care Center, which operated from 1975 to 1998. Then, the building was given a new life when, around 2006, a community leader named Sylvia Robinson took over the property and built a community center known as the Emergence Community Arts Collective (ECAC) there. After Robinson's death in 2017, ECAC faced significant financial challenges, and it sold the property in 2022. The new owner's plans to convert the structure into four townhouses was met with concern from the local community, prompting activists to seek a historic designation. That summer, it was designated a D.C. Historic Landmark, halting the developer's plans to raze the building.

In October 2022, the home was designated a historic property by the National Register of Historic Places.

1. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
2. Fletcher, Carlton. "The Colored Home". *Glover Park History*. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
3. "National Association for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children (Merriweather Home for Children)". *DC Historic Sites*. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
4. "Merriweather Home for Children/Elizabeth Keckly". *African American Heritage Trail*. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
5. Wartik, Nancy (2018-12-12). "Overlooked No More: Elizabeth Keckly, Dressmaker and Confidante to Mary Todd Lincoln". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
6. Collins, Sam P. K. (2022-02-22). "Sale of Emergence Community Arts Collective Sparks Debate over Founder's Legacy". *The Washington Informer*. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
7. "APPLICATION FOR HISTORIC LANDMARK OR HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION" (PDF). *Historic Preservation Review Board*. 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
8. Davis, Thulani (2022-04-01). *The Emancipation Circuit: Black Activism Forging a Culture of Freedom*. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1-4780-2280-0.
9. Perry-Brown, Nena (2022-03-18). "From Arts Space to Missing Middle Housing: A Proposal Off Georgia Avenue". *UrbanTurf*. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
10. "Historic Preservation Review Board Meeting" (PDF). *Historic Preservation Review Board*. 2022-07-28. Retrieved 2023-02-09.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The former home of the National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children in 2022. | |
|  | |
| Location | 733 Euclid Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°55′27″N 77°01′25″W / 38.92417°N 77.02361°W / 38.92417; -77.02361 |
| Built | c. 1879 |
| NRHP reference No. | 100008262 |
| Added to NRHP | October 5, 2022 |


# Ivory Coast at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships

Ivory Coast competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.

## Swimming

Ivory Coast has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send a maximum of four swimmers (two men and two women) to the World Championships.

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Tano Atta | Men's 50 m backstroke | DNS | | Did not advance | | | |
| Thibaut Danho | Men's 50 m freestyle | 24.24 | 85 | Did not advance | | | |
| | Men's 50 m butterfly | 25.74 | 56 | Did not advance | | | |
| Kokoe Ahyee | Women's 50 m breaststroke | DNS | | Did not advance | | | |
| Talita Te Flan | Women's 400 m freestyle | 4:26.72 | 31 |  | | Did not advance | |
| | Women's 800 m freestyle | 9:07.56 | 33 |  | | Did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Ivory Coast at the<br>2017 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Ivory Coast | |
| FINA code | CIV |
| National federation | Federation Ivorienne de Natation et de Sauvetagé |
| in Budapest, Hungary | |
| Competitors | 4 in 1 sport |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Aquatics Championships appearances | |
|  | |


title: Neck ring

abstract: Neck rings, or neck-rings, are any form of stiff jewellery worn as an ornament around the neck of an individual, as opposed to a loose necklace. Many cultures and periods have made neck rings, with both males and females wearing them at various times. Of the two most notable types, one is the torc, an often heavy and valuable ornament normally open at the throat. These were worn by various early cultures but are especially associated with the ancient Celts of the European Iron Age, where they were evidently a key indicator of wealth and status, mostly worn by men. The other type is one or more spiral metal coils of many turns, often worn only by married women.

text:
# Neck ring

**Neck rings**, or **neck-rings**, are any form of stiff jewellery worn as an ornament around the neck of an individual, as opposed to a loose necklace. Many cultures and periods have made neck rings, with both males and females wearing them at various times.

Of the two most notable types, one is the torc, an often heavy and valuable ornament normally open at the throat. These were worn by various early cultures but are especially associated with the ancient Celts of the European Iron Age, where they were evidently a key indicator of wealth and status, mostly worn by men.

The other type is one or more spiral metal coils of many turns, often worn only by married women.

## Illusion of elongation

In a few African and Asian cultures, neck rings are worn usually to create the appearance that the neck has been stretched.

The custom of wearing neck rings is related to an ideal of beauty: an elongated neck. Neck rings push the clavicle and ribs down. The neck stretching is mostly illusory: the weight of the rings twists the collarbone and eventually the upper ribs at an angle 45 degrees lower than what is natural, causing the illusion of an elongated neck. The vertebrae do not elongate, though the space between them may increase as the intervertebral discs absorb liquid.

The custom requires that the girls who wear the neck rings start before puberty, in order to get the body used to them. These heavy coils can weigh as much as 11 pounds (5 kg).

## Role of tourism

Tourism is often considered to encourage the use of neck rings in Myanmar, as they are a popular attraction for tourists.

## Kayan

*Padaung* (Kayan Lahwi) women of the Kayan people begin to wear neck coils from as young as age two. The length of the coil is gradually increased to as much as twenty turns. The weight of the coils will eventually place sufficient pressure on the clavicles (collarbone) to cause them to deform and create an impression of a longer neck.

Small Kayan girls may wear brass collars from the age of two to five years old, as it is more comfortable to deform the collarbone and upper ribs slowly. The alternative, an accelerated process at around the age of twelve, when girls first begin to compete for the attention of boys, is painful. Marco Polo first described the practice to Western culture in c. 1300. Refugee practitioners in Thailand were first accessible to tourists in 1984.

## Ndebele

The South Ndebele peoples of Africa also wear neck rings as part of their traditional dress and as a sign of wealth and status. Only married women are allowed to wear the rings, called *dzilla*. Metal rings are also worn on different parts of the body, not just the neck. Traditionally these rings are given to a wife by her husband, and not removed until the husband's death; however, these rings are individual and do not function as a body modification. The rings are usually made of copper or brass, usually stacked in multiples of 3.


title: Vestskotet Bluff

abstract: Vestskotet Bluff is a bluff just south of Armalsryggen, at the west end of Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land. It was photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographer from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Vestskotet, meaning "the west bulkhead."  This article incorporates public domain material from "Vestskotet Bluff". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

text:
# Vestskotet Bluff

**Vestskotet Bluff** (73°13′S 2°9′W / 73.217°S 2.150°W / -73.217; -2.150) is a bluff just south of Armalsryggen, at the west end of Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land. It was photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographer from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Vestskotet, meaning "the west bulkhead."

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vestskotet Bluff". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Saint-Gorgon, Vosges

abstract: Saint-Gorgon is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

text:
# Saint-Gorgon, Vosges

**Saint-Gorgon** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ ɡɔʁɡɔ̃\] ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## Geography

The river Mortagne forms part of the commune's northern border.

## InfoBox

| Saint-Gorgon | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Saint-Gorgon | |
| Saint-GorgonSaint-Gorgon | |
| Coordinates: 48°19′29″N 6°38′57″E / 48.3247°N 6.6492°E / 48.3247; 6.6492 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Vosges |
| Arrondissement | Épinal |
| Canton | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-1 |
| Intercommunality | CC Région de Rambervillers |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Michel Gasse |
| Area**1** | 5.77 km2 (2.23 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 373 |
| Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 88417 /88700 |
| Elevation | 287–347 m (942–1,138 ft)
(avg. 303 m or 994 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Godavari–Krishna mangroves

abstract: The Godavari–Krishna mangroves are a mangrove ecoregion of India's eastern coast.

text:
# Godavari–Krishna mangroves

The **Godavari–Krishna mangroves** are a mangrove ecoregion of India's eastern coast.

## Location and description

The ecoregion covers an area of 7,000 square kilometers (2,700 sq mi), in discontinuous enclaves extending from the state of Odisha in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south. The largest mangrove community in the ecoregion lies in the delta of the Godavari and Krishna rivers in Andhra Pradesh; other mangrove communities can be found at Point Calimere in Tamil Nadu, Pulicat Lake in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, the Bhitarkanika Mangroves and Chilika Lake in Odisha, and the Pichavaram mangroves in Tamil Nadu.

## Flora

The predominant mangroves are all of the species include *Avicennia marina*, *Suaeda* spp., *Rhizophora* spp., and *Bruguiera* spp. These have a thick canopy and an undergrowth of climbing plants and shrubs.

## Fauna

Mangroves are an important coastal habitat for much wildlife such as the saltwater crocodiles who shelter among the roots and feed of the fish and other seafood in this warm mixture of fresh and seawater. These mangroves are home to many insects, molluscs, shrimp, crabs and fish as well as 140 bird species, including the threatened lesser florican (*Eupodotis indica*), best known for the male birds' leaping breeding displays, and large communities of aquatic birds such as egrets, flamingoes (*Phoenicoptreus* spp.), spot-billed pelicans (*Pelecanus philippensis*), Eurasian spoonbills (*Platalea leucorodia*), and painted storks (*Mycteria leucocephala*).

## Threats and preservation

Mangroves are vulnerable to coastal development including prawn farming, other agriculture that diverts fresh water from reaching the coast and seaside urbanisation. Most mangroves on the east coast of India have been cleared and while 14% of the ecoregion is under protection in Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary and the Bhitarkanika National Park even those areas are not secure.

## InfoBox

| Godavari–Krishna mangroves | |
| --- | --- |
| Krishna River Delta (lower left) and Godavari River delta (upper right) imagery showing the green mangrove region. | |
| Ecology | |
| Biome | Mangrove |
| Geography | |
| Area | 7,000 km2 (2,700 sq mi) |
| Country | India |


title: Netherlands–Suriname relations

abstract: Netherlands–Suriname relations refers to the current and historical relations between the Netherlands and Suriname. Both nations share historic ties and a common language (Dutch) and are members of the Dutch Language Union.

text:
# Netherlands–Suriname relations

**Netherlands–Suriname relations** refers to the current and historical relations between the Netherlands and Suriname. Both nations share historic ties and a common language (Dutch) and are members of the Dutch Language Union.

## History

### Dutch colonization

In February 1667, Suriname became a Dutch colony after the signing of the Treaty of Breda between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom which ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In exchange for sugar-rich Guiana, the Netherlands surrendered New Netherland (in present-day United States) to the British. Immediately, the Dutch West India Company became partial owner of the colony and began importing slaves from West Africa to work on the sugar, cotton, coffee and indigo plantations in the colony. Surinam became the most important colony in the Americas for the Netherlands after the loss of Dutch Brazil in 1654. In the 1700s, many African slaves known as *Maroons* began escaping to the south of the colony and creating their own tribes and began a small uprising against Dutch rule. In 1762, the Maroons won their freedom and signed a treaty with the Dutch Crown to acknowledge their territorial rights and trading privileges.

From 1799 to 1816, Suriname became a British colony after the Netherlands became part of the First French Empire under Napoléon Bonaparte. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Netherlands regained its independence and Surinam was returned to the Dutch. In 1863, the Dutch ended the slave trade and in need of new labor, began importing Javanese people from the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) and from India and China to work in Surinam as indentured laborers. At the same time, several thousand poor Dutch farmers left the Netherlands to work in the colony. By the early 20th century, production in Surinam moved to rubber, gold and bauxite, the latter becoming the biggest export of the colony (used for the production of aluminum).

### Independence

During World War II, Surinam was host to U.S. soldiers after the Netherlands was invaded by Germany in 1940 and the royal family fled to exile in Canada. In 1942, Prince Bernhard, husband of Dutch Crown Princess Juliana visited the colony. In 1943, Crown Princess Juliana paid a visit to Surinam. Several primarily white Surinamese fought for the Liberation of the Netherlands during the war. Surinam became an important provider of bauxite for the war.

At the end of World War II, the Netherlands began providing more autonomy to Surinam. The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands came into effect in December 1954, granting Surinam full autonomy within the nation, except in areas of defence, foreign policy, and nationality. After the independence of the Dutch colony of Indonesia, the Netherlands searched for ways to grant independence for its colonies in the Americas, as maintaining the colonies was too costly. In 1973, Dutch Prime Minister Joop den Uyl declared that its last remaining Dutch colonies would become independent during his administration. Only Surinam seemed motivated for independence, however, obtaining its independence on 25 November 1975, and changing its name to "Suriname". Crown Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prime Minister den Uyl were in attendance at the independence ceremony in Paramaribo.

### Post Independence

Soon after Suriname obtained its independence, most Europeans returned to the Netherlands. Around 300,000 Surinamese also decided to move to Europe and take Dutch citizenship. In February 1980 Dési Bouterse, head of the Surinamese military, staged a violent coup d'état against Prime Minister Henck Arron and Bouterse became *de facto* military leader of the nation. In December 1982, 15 prominent young men, most of them journalists and lawyers, criticized the military dictatorship of Bouterse. These 15 men were rounded up and taken to Fort Zeelandia (the then headquarters of Bouterse) where they were tortured and killed. The incident became known as the "December murders". As a result of the murders, the Netherlands froze all development aid to Suriname.

From 1986 to 1992, Suriname was embattled in a civil war known as the Surinamese Interior War against mainly Maroon fighters. In 1986, the Netherlands planned an invasion of Suriname to remove Bouterse from power, however, it was called off at the last minute. In 1999, Bouterse was convicted *in absentia* by a court in the Netherlands to 11 years imprisonment for drug trafficking. In 2007, Bouterse was charged for the December murders. In 2010, Bouterse became President of Suriname and therefore immune to prosecution. Since his return to power, the Netherlands has had limited contact with the Surinamese government and has stated that Bouterse is not welcome in the Netherlands. In 2013, the Netherlands called for the arrest of Bouterse in South Africa where he was attending the funeral of Nelson Mandela.

After the 2020 Surinamese general election and the appointment of Chan Santokhi as president, both Suriname and the Netherlands expressed the desire to restore diplomatic relations and to reappoint ambassadors. Santokhi stressed that the current financial crisis will lead to a re-evaluation of the existing diplomatic missions. In August 2020, Minister of Foreign Affairs Albert Ramdin was the first Surinamese member of government in ten years to pay an official visit to the Netherlands.

## High-level visits

**Royal and Prime Ministerial visits from the Netherlands to Suriname**

**Presidential visits from Suriname to the Netherlands**

## Trade

In 2016, trade between the Netherlands and Suriname totaled 174 million Euros. Dutch exports to Suriname include: chemical based products, machinery, electrical and transport equipment. Surinamese exports to the Netherlands include: live animals and food, raw materials and beverages. The Netherlands ranks second among countries from which Suriname imports goods and services, after the United States.

## Resident diplomatic missions

### Ambassadors of Suriname to the Netherlands

In July 1985, Dirk Jan van Houten, was expelled. The Netherlands responded by expelling Heidweiller. Diplomatic affairs were handled by *chargé d'affaires*.

No ambassadors appointed. Only *chargé d'affaires*.

### Ambassadors of the Netherlands to Suriname

No ambassadors appointed. Only *chargé d'affaires*.

Jacobi was recalled in April 2012 after the Bouterse government passed the amnesty law for the December murders. Diplomatic affairs were handled by *chargé d'affaires*.

## InfoBox

Netherlands-Suriname relations
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  |  |
|
Netherlands |
Suriname |
|  | |


title: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis

abstract: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis is a plant pathogen. This fungal pathogen produces extensive damage on the sheath of rice, causing black spots which protrude from the infected. This pathogen also generates a discoloration in the foliage of a plant which tends to show a straw orange colouration.

text:
# Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis

***Gaeumannomyces graminis* var. *graminis*** is a plant pathogen. This fungal pathogen produces extensive damage on the sheath of rice, causing black spots which protrude from the infected. This pathogen also generates a discoloration in the foliage of a plant which tends to show a straw orange colouration.

## Further reading

* Peixoto, Cecília N.; Ottoni, Giselle; Filippi, Marta C. C.; Silva-Lobo, Valácia L.; Prabhu, Anne S. (December 2013). "Biology of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis isolates from rice and grasses and epidemiological aspects of crown sheath rot of rice". *Tropical Plant Pathology*. **38** (6): 495–504. doi:10.1590/s1982-56762013000600005.

## InfoBox

| *Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Magnaporthales |
| Family: | Magnaporthaceae |
| Genus: | *Gaeumannomyces* |
| Species: | *G. graminis*
(Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier, (1952) |
| Variety: | ***G. g.* var. *graminis*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Gaeumannomyces graminis* var. *graminis***
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Gaeumannomyces cariceti*
*Gaeumannomyces graminis*
*Gaeumannomyces oryzinus*
*Linocarpon cariceti*
*Linocarpon oryzinum*
*Ophiobolus cariceti*
*Ophiobolus graminis*
*Ophiobolus graminis* var. *graminis*
*Ophiobolus oryzinus*
*Ophiobolus oryzinus*
*Rhaphidophora graminis*
*Rhaphidospora cariceti*
*Sphaeria cariceti* | |


# Ivory Coast at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Ivory Coast competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016.

## Disability classifications

Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divide athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities, other sports, for example swimming, group competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability.

## Delegation

The country was represented by 5 Paralympians, 3 men and 2 women, competing in two sport, athletics and powerlifting. Both competed in athletics.

## Medallists

The Ivory Coast finished eighth overall among African countries on the gold medal table, with 1 silver medal.

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Silver | Fatimata Diasso | Athletics | Women's Long Jump F11 | 16 September |

## Athletics

Men's Track

| Athlete | Events | Heat | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kouame Noumbo | 400 m T45-47 | 50.14 | 2 **Q** | Disqualified | |

Men's Field

| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Benian Duffi | Shot Put F40 | 8.80 | 6 |
| | Javelin F40-41 | 30.31 | 10 |

Women's Track

| Athlete | Events | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Fatimata Diasso
(Guide – N’Guessan Gohore Bi) | 100 m T11 | 13.10 | 3 | did not advance | | | |
| | 200 m T11 | Disqualified | | did not advance | | | |

Women's Field

| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fatimata Diasso | Long Jump F11 | 4.89 |  |
| Sebehe Lago | Shot Put F40 | 5.25 | 8 |

## Powerlifting

38-year-old Alidou Diamoutene represented the Ivory Coast at the Paralympics. He previously competed at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Paralympics. His best finish was fifth. Diamoutene also competed at the 2006, 2010 and 2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships, with a best finish of fifth in the -48 kg class in 2006. Nicknamed The Tiger, he is coached by Roger Angoua and Emile N'goran.

| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alidou Diamoutene | Men's −54 kg | No Mark | |

## InfoBox

| Ivory Coast at the
2016 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Ivory Coast | |
| IPC code | CIV |
| NPC | Fédération Ivoirienne des Sports Paralympiques |
| in Rio de Janeiro | |
| Competitors | **5** in **2** sports |
| Flag bearer | Alidou Diamoutene |
| Medals
Ranked 69th | Gold 0 Silver 1 Bronze 0 Total 1 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Polymorph (novel)

abstract: Polymorph is a 1997 cyberpunk novel by American science fiction author Scott Westerfeld.

text:
# Polymorph (novel)

***Polymorph*** is a 1997 cyberpunk novel by American science fiction author Scott Westerfeld.

## Plot

"Milica Raznakovic" is the principal alias employed by the protagonist, a shape-changer or "polymorph". Living in a recession-hit future New York, she spends her time partying anonymously, each night in a different body, enjoying casual sex and absolutely no personal attachments. She believes herself to be unique. However, one night she meets another polymorph: older, malicious and much more powerful than herself. The brief and ultimately hostile encounter leads her to place herself in danger by attempting to determine the newcomer's objective, which somehow involves a wealthy industrialist. In the process of her investigation, she finds it necessary to seek an ally, reaching out to her last one-night stand, a young man she would normally not have sought out again.

## InfoBox

Polymorph
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Scott Westerfeld |
| Cover artist | Peter Gudynas |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Roc Books |
| Publication date | December 1, 1997 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover & Paperback) |
| Pages | 288 |
| ISBN | 0-451-45660-2 |
| OCLC | 38008743 |


title: National Home Energy Rating

abstract:
The National Home Energy Rating Scheme (NHER) is both a UK accreditation scheme for energy assessors and a rating scale for the energy efficiency of housing. The NHER was owned and operated by National Energy Services (NES). Until 2011, NES was a trading subsidiary of the National Energy Foundation, an independent charity set up in 1988 to promote energy conservation and renewable energy, which launched the NHER scheme in 1991. In September 2016, NES transferred ownership of the NHER Scheme to Elmhurst Energy another independent accreditation scheme. The NHER runs an accreditation scheme for energy assessors to produce the following:
  - Energy Performance Certificates for existing dwellings, using RDSAP
  - Energy Performance Certificates for new build dwellings, using SAP
  - Energy Performance Certificates for non-domestic buildings dwellings, using SBEM
  - Display Energy Certificates for public buildings, using DECs The NHER scale for new build dwellings runs from 0 to 20, with 20 being best. It uses different criteria than the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) rating. The NHER rating takes into account the local environment and the effect it has on the building's energy rating. The NHER calculates the costs of space and water heating, but adds cooking, lights and appliances to give a comprehensive picture of energy usage in the home. An average dwelling in England would currently score between 4.5 and 5.5 on the NHER scale. A gas-heated masonry semi meeting current United Kingdom Part L1 Building Regulations would score approximately NHER 10. A dwelling with an NHER rating of 20 achieves zero CO2 emissions along with zero net running costs.

text:
# National Home Energy Rating

The **National Home Energy Rating Scheme** (**NHER**) is both a UK accreditation scheme for energy assessors and a rating scale for the energy efficiency of housing.

The NHER was owned and operated by National Energy Services (NES). Until 2011, NES was a trading subsidiary of the National Energy Foundation, an independent charity set up in 1988 to promote energy conservation and renewable energy, which launched the NHER scheme in 1991. In September 2016, NES transferred ownership of the NHER Scheme to Elmhurst Energy another independent accreditation scheme.

The NHER runs an accreditation scheme for energy assessors to produce the following:

* Energy Performance Certificates for existing dwellings, using RDSAP
* Energy Performance Certificates for new build dwellings, using SAP
* Energy Performance Certificates for non-domestic buildings dwellings, using SBEM
* Display Energy Certificates for public buildings, using DECs

The NHER scale for new build dwellings runs from 0 to 20, with 20 being best. It uses different criteria than the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) rating. The NHER rating takes into account the local environment and the effect it has on the building's energy rating. The NHER calculates the costs of space and water heating, but adds cooking, lights and appliances to give a comprehensive picture of energy usage in the home.

An average dwelling in England would currently score between 4.5 and 5.5 on the NHER scale. A gas-heated masonry semi meeting current United Kingdom Part L1 Building Regulations would score approximately NHER 10. A dwelling with an NHER rating of 20 achieves zero CO2 emissions along with zero net running costs.


title: Muhammad Ashikuzzaman

abstract: Muhammad Ashikuzzaman ndc, afwc, psc, G is a retired major general of Bangladesh Army and a diplomat who served as the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Kuwait and Yemen.

text:
# Muhammad Ashikuzzaman

**Muhammad Ashikuzzaman** ndc, afwc, psc, G is a retired major general of Bangladesh Army and a diplomat who served as the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Kuwait and Yemen.

## Early life

Ashikuzzaman has a Masters of Defence Studies and another in Strategic Studies from the National University, Bangladesh.

## Career

Ashikuzzaman joined Bangladesh Army as a commissioned officer in 1988.

Ashikuzzaman has served in United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone, United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire, and MONUSCO. He worked at the National Defence College as the Senior Directing Staff.

On 13 July 2020, Ashikuzzaman was appointed the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Kuwait. He replaced, S.M. Abul Kalam, who had faced criticism for links to Mohammad Shahid Islam.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Ashikuzzaman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-11-17) 17 November 1967
Rajshahi, East Pakistan, Pakistan |
| Allegiance | Bangladesh |
| Service/branch | Bangladesh Army |
| Years of service | 1988-2023 |
| Rank | Major General
 |
| Unit | Regiment of Artillery |
| Commands |  |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Neil Cameron (rugby union)

abstract: Neil Cameron was a Scotland international rugby union footballer, who played as a fullback.

text:
# Neil Cameron (rugby union)

**Neil Cameron** (2 September 1929 – September 1978) was a Scotland international rugby union footballer, who played as a fullback.

## Rugby union career

### Amateur career

Cameron played for Glasgow University.

### Provincial career

Cameron played for Glasgow District against Edinburgh District in the 1952–53 Inter-City match. Glasgow won the match 14 – 13, Cameron kicking penalties and a conversion to secure Glasgow's win.

### International career

He was capped for Scotland three times in 1952, all of the caps coming in the Five Nations matches.

Cameron battled for the Scotland fullback place with Ian Thomson. Thomson usually won the battle and he secured 7 caps to Cameron's 3 caps.

## InfoBox

Neil Cameron
| Birth name | Neil William Cameron |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1925-09-02)2 September 1925 |
| Place of birth | Carlisle, England |
| Date of death | c. 2 September 1978(1978-09-02) (aged 53) |
| Place of death | Penrith, England |
| University | Glasgow University |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Fullback  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Glasgow University   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  - Glasgow District   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1952 Scotland  3  (2) | |


title: Saint-Romain-d'Urfé

abstract: Saint-Romain-d'Urfé is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

text:
# Saint-Romain-d'Urfé

**Saint-Romain-d'Urfé** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ ʁɔmɛ̃ dyʁfe\]) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 461 |  |
| 1975 | 384 | −2.58% |
| 1982 | 352 | −1.24% |
| 1990 | 303 | −1.86% |
| 1999 | 270 | −1.27% |
| 2009 | 281 | +0.40% |
| 2014 | 269 | −0.87% |
| 2020 | 239 | −1.95% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Romain-d'Urfé | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Saint-Romain-d'Urfé | |
| Saint-Romain-d'UrféSaint-Romain-d'Urfé | |
| Coordinates: 45°53′17″N 3°49′43″E / 45.8881°N 3.8286°E / 45.8881; 3.8286 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Loire |
| Arrondissement | Roanne |
| Canton | Renaison |
| Intercommunality | Pays d'Urfé |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Pascale Monat |
| Area**1** | 15 km2 (6 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 237 |
| Density | 16/km2 (41/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 42282 /42430 |
| Elevation | 593–886 m (1,946–2,907 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: KiHa 38

abstract: KiHa 38 The KiHa 38 (キハ38) is a Japanese diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type introduced by the Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1986. These were converted from ageing KiHa 35's to meet modern standards as new rolling stock before the company was privatized in 1987. After JNR was privatized, all seven cars were transferred to JR East. No KiHa 38s remain in service since they ceased operation on the Kururi Line in December 2012, along with the last KiHa 30, which were also retired from JR East in the same year They were replaced by the new KiHa E130s on the same line. In 2014, five cars were transferred to Myanmar Railways, and one car was transferred to Mizushima Rinkai Railway which entered service in May 2014.

text:
# KiHa 38

The **KiHa 38** (キハ38) is a Japanese diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type introduced by the Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1986. These were converted from ageing KiHa 35's to meet modern standards as new rolling stock before the company was privatized in 1987. After JNR was privatized, all seven cars were transferred to JR East.

No KiHa 38s remain in service since they ceased operation on the Kururi Line in December 2012, along with the last KiHa 30, which were also retired from JR East in the same year They were replaced by the new KiHa E130s on the same line.

In 2014, five cars were transferred to Myanmar Railways, and one car was transferred to Mizushima Rinkai Railway which entered service in May 2014.

## Operations

### JR East

### Mizushima Rinkai Railway

### Myanmar Railways

## Withdrawal and resale

### Mizushima Rinkai Railway

In 2014, KiHa 38 1004 was transferred to the Mizushima Rinkai Railway and was renumbered to KiHa 38 103. It entered service on 12 May 2014.

### Myanmar Railways

Five former KiHa 38 railcars were shipped to Myanmar to be operated by Myanmar Railways in August 2014. They entered service in 2014.

The following cars were transferred to Myanmar:

| Former number | RBE body number by Myanmar Railways |
| --- | --- |
| KiHa 38-2 | RBE 25101 |
| KiHa 38-3 | RBE 25102 |
| KiHa 38-4 | RBE 25103 |
| KiHa 38-1001 | RBE 25104 |
| KiHa 38-1002 | RBE 25105 |
|

## Preserved examples

* **KiHa 38 1**: preserved at Isumi Poppo-no-oka.

## InfoBox

| KiHa 38 | |
| --- | --- |
| KiHa 38-2 & KiHa 38-1003 on the Kururi Line in 2010 | |
| In service | 1986present (Japan)
2014–present (Myanmar) |
| Manufacturer | Fuji Heavy Industries |
| Replaced | KiHa 35 |
| Constructed | 19651966 (as KiHa 35) |
| Entered service | 1986 |
| Refurbished | 19861987 |
| Number built | 7 vehicles |
| Number in service | 1 vehicle (as of 2020) in Japan
4 vehicles (as of 2020) in Myanmar |
| Number preserved | 1 vehicle |
| Formation | 2/3/4 cars per trainset (JNR/JR East)
1 car multiple working DMU (Mizushima Rinkai Railway)
4/5 cars per trainset (Myanmar Railways) |
| Operators | JNR (19861987)
JR East (19872012)
Mizushima Rinkai Railway (2014present)
Myanmar Railways (2014present) |
| Depots | Kisarazu, Yangon |
| Lines served | Hachiko Line, Kawagoe Line, Kururi Line, Mizushima Main Line, Yangon Circular Railway |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Steel |
| Car length | 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in) |
| Width | 2,929 mm (9 ft 7.3 in) |
| Doors | 3 per side |
| Prime mover(s) | DMF14-HZ |
| Multiple working | KiHa 30, KiHa 37 |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |