title: Robert McGrath

abstract: Robert "Bob" T. McGrath has served as educator, researcher and executive administrator at several major universities and national laboratories.   Between 1996 and 2008, Bob served as tenured Professor and Senior Vice President for Research at Ohio State and before that as tenured Professor and Associate Vice President for Research at Penn State.  In these roles, Dr. McGrath led Research Strategic Planning, working extensively with faculty from Colleges of Science, Engineering, Social Sciences, Medicine, Biosciences, Arts & Humanities, Liberal Arts, Architecture, and Agriculture, to advance individual faculty scholarship as well as to develop Interdisciplinary Research Institutes that explored the boundaries of traditional college and departmental disciplines.  At Penn State, he helped to establish and then served as inaugural Director of the Marine Corps Research University.  Each University's reputation and sponsored research funding advanced dramatically, propelling Penn State and then Ohio State to be ranked among the top ten largest research programs in the nation during his tenure. Bob has a strong track record of accomplishments working with federal agencies such as NSF, NIH, DOE, NASA, DoD, and DHS, as well as on R&D partnerships with industry, IP management, technology transfer, economic development and job creation.  While at Ohio State, he worked extensively with Ohio's U.S. Congressional delegation, with Democratic and Republican Governors, and the Ohio Board of Regents.  He was formally appointed by Ohio Governor Ted Strickland to serve on the Third Frontier Board managing the State's $2 billion technology-based investment fund for stimulating innovation and job creation.  Leveraging against Third Frontier investments, Ohio State's industry funded R&D expenditures grew to over $120 million per year, surpassing MIT and Penn State, to make Ohio State at that time the nation's leading university in terms of industry sponsored R&D.   Dr. McGrath has also served in important administrative leadership roles such as Institutional Official for Human Subject Research Compliance, for Proper Care and Use of Research Animals, for the Ethical Conduct of Research, and for directing Grants & Contracts Offices annually supporting more than $800 million in government and industry sponsored R&D.   Early in his career (1984–1998), Bob served as researcher and then as Division/Program Manager at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) with responsibilities for International Programs in Fusion Plasma-Materials Interactions and High Heat Flux Technologies; High Performance Computing Applications; Cooperative R&D with SEMATECH on microelectronics manufacturing; and other high priority programs. The SNL magnetic fusion R&D team led by Dr. McGrath made significant contributions to design, operation and diagnostics for tokamaks across the US and around the world, such as TFTR at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, DIII-D at General Atomics in San Diego, TEXTOR at Kernforschunganlage in Germany and the massive Tore Supra machine in Cadarache, France.  Beginning in 1997, Bob was asked by the US DOE to serve as International Coordinator for Magnetic Fusion Plasma Facing Components, a role that served as template for international cooperation on magnetic fusion R&D between the US, the EU, Japan, Russa/the Former Soviet Union.  Many of the technology innovations devised during this period are now being incorporated into the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) being constructed in Cadarache, France.     In 2007–2009, Bob played an instrumental role in Battelle Memorial Institute's successful bid to Manage and Operate the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado for the US Department of Energy.  Bob served as that Laboratory's Deputy Director for all research programs during the award's formative phase.  During this period, he helped to establish the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI) as a research partnership between NREL and the University of Colorado Boulder.    In December 2010, Dr. McGrath was recruited to Georgia Tech, where he served as Senior Vice President, Professor, and Director of GTRI, the university's powerhouse defense sponsored R&D complex conducting high-tech research in electronic sensors, countermeasures, communications, quantum computing, and much more.  During Dr. McGrath's tenure as Director, GTRI created over 500 new jobs, expanding its workforce to nearly 3,000 employees and its annual R&D expenditures to over $350M.   In 2015, after declining several overseas R&D leadership opportunities, Bob was recruited back to the University of Colorado and NREL to serve as RASEI Director, a position that he held until his retirement in 2021.   Dr. McGrath has contributed to the Nation's overall R&D Strategy by serving, for example, on the Defense Science Board's Strategic Planning Working Group for Technological Superiority in 2030, on the Secretary of Energy's Task Force for assessing National Laboratory management, investments and industry partnerships, or at various times representing his home institution on the management boards of NREL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Idaho National Laboratory.   Throughout his career, Dr. McGrath has been passionate about STEM education.  He actively contributed to K-12 education programs, and has incorporated graduate student internships into all of the R&D programs for which he has been responsible.   McGrath earned a Ph.D. in nuclear science and engineering from the University of Michigan and earned undergraduate and graduate degrees from Penn State University in engineering sciences (BS), mathematics (MA) and physics (MS).  He has authored more than 60 journal publications, more than 80 published abstracts & conference presentations and numerous technical reports, often in collaboration with the many of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows or junior researchers who have worked under his mentorship. Bob and his wife Betsy have been married for over 40 years and are parents to two lovely daughters.

text:
# Robert McGrath

**Robert "Bob" T. McGrath** has served as educator, researcher and executive administrator at several major universities and national laboratories.

Between 1996 and 2008, Bob served as tenured Professor and Senior Vice President for Research at Ohio State and before that as tenured Professor and Associate Vice President for Research at Penn State. In these roles, Dr. McGrath led Research Strategic Planning, working extensively with faculty from Colleges of Science, Engineering, Social Sciences, Medicine, Biosciences, Arts & Humanities, Liberal Arts, Architecture, and Agriculture, to advance individual faculty scholarship as well as to develop Interdisciplinary Research Institutes that explored the boundaries of traditional college and departmental disciplines. At Penn State, he helped to establish and then served as inaugural Director of the Marine Corps Research University. Each University's reputation and sponsored research funding advanced dramatically, propelling Penn State and then Ohio State to be ranked among the top ten largest research programs in the nation during his tenure.

Bob has a strong track record of accomplishments working with federal agencies such as NSF, NIH, DOE, NASA, DoD, and DHS, as well as on R&D partnerships with industry, IP management, technology transfer, economic development and job creation. While at Ohio State, he worked extensively with Ohio's U.S. Congressional delegation, with Democratic and Republican Governors, and the Ohio Board of Regents. He was formally appointed by Ohio Governor Ted Strickland to serve on the Third Frontier Board managing the State's $2 billion technology-based investment fund for stimulating innovation and job creation. Leveraging against Third Frontier investments, Ohio State's industry funded R&D expenditures grew to over $120 million per year, surpassing MIT and Penn State, to make Ohio State at that time the nation's leading university in terms of industry sponsored R&D.

Dr. McGrath has also served in important administrative leadership roles such as Institutional Official for Human Subject Research Compliance, for Proper Care and Use of Research Animals, for the Ethical Conduct of Research, and for directing Grants & Contracts Offices annually supporting more than $800 million in government and industry sponsored R&D.

Early in his career (1984–1998), Bob served as researcher and then as Division/Program Manager at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) with responsibilities for International Programs in Fusion Plasma-Materials Interactions and High Heat Flux Technologies; High Performance Computing Applications; Cooperative R&D with SEMATECH on microelectronics manufacturing; and other high priority programs. The SNL magnetic fusion R&D team led by Dr. McGrath made significant contributions to design, operation and diagnostics for tokamaks across the US and around the world, such as TFTR at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, DIII-D at General Atomics in San Diego, TEXTOR at Kernforschunganlage in Germany and the massive Tore Supra machine in Cadarache, France. Beginning in 1997, Bob was asked by the US DOE to serve as International Coordinator for Magnetic Fusion Plasma Facing Components, a role that served as template for international cooperation on magnetic fusion R&D between the US, the EU, Japan, Russa/the Former Soviet Union. Many of the technology innovations devised during this period are now being incorporated into the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) being constructed in Cadarache, France.

In 2007–2009, Bob played an instrumental role in Battelle Memorial Institute's successful bid to Manage and Operate the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado for the US Department of Energy. Bob served as that Laboratory's Deputy Director for all research programs during the award's formative phase. During this period, he helped to establish the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI) as a research partnership between NREL and the University of Colorado Boulder.

In December 2010, Dr. McGrath was recruited to Georgia Tech, where he served as Senior Vice President, Professor, and Director of GTRI, the university's powerhouse defense sponsored R&D complex conducting high-tech research in electronic sensors, countermeasures, communications, quantum computing, and much more. During Dr. McGrath's tenure as Director, GTRI created over 500 new jobs, expanding its workforce to nearly 3,000 employees and its annual R&D expenditures to over $350M.

In 2015, after declining several overseas R&D leadership opportunities, Bob was recruited back to the University of Colorado and NREL to serve as RASEI Director, a position that he held until his retirement in 2021.

Dr. McGrath has contributed to the Nation's overall R&D Strategy by serving, for example, on the Defense Science Board's Strategic Planning Working Group for *Technological Superiority in 2030*, on the Secretary of Energy's Task Force for assessing National Laboratory management, investments and industry partnerships, or at various times representing his home institution on the management boards of NREL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Idaho National Laboratory.

Throughout his career, Dr. McGrath has been passionate about STEM education. He actively contributed to K-12 education programs, and has incorporated graduate student internships into all of the R&D programs for which he has been responsible.

McGrath earned a Ph.D. in nuclear science and engineering from the University of Michigan and earned undergraduate and graduate degrees from Penn State University in engineering sciences (BS), mathematics (MA) and physics (MS). He has authored more than 60 journal publications, more than 80 published abstracts & conference presentations and numerous technical reports, often in collaboration with the many of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows or junior researchers who have worked under his mentorship.

Bob and his wife Betsy have been married for over 40 years and are parents to two lovely (now adult) daughters.

## Education

McGrath holds four degrees; three are from Pennsylvania State University, including a 1972 B.S. (Honors) in engineering sciences, a 1974 M.S. in physics, and a 1975 M.A. in mathematics. He also holds a 1980 Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in nuclear science and engineering.

## Research scientist

From 1980 to 1984, McGrath was a visiting summer research scientist, specializing in fusion power, at Argonne National Laboratory. From July 1984 to February 1998, McGrath was a division manager, research and development program manager, and research scientist at Sandia National Laboratories.

## Educator

* From August 1980 to June 1984, McGrath was an assistant professor of engineering at Pennsylvania State University.
* From November 1996 to June 2004, he was a professor of engineering science. Since July 2004, McGrath has been an adjunct professor of engineering science.

## Administrator

1.

## InfoBox

| Robert T. McGrath | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Pennsylvania State University
University of Michigan |
| Known for | Promotion of STEM Education
Research Administrator |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Georgia Institute of Technology,
Georgia Tech Research Institute,
Battelle Memorial Institute,
National Renewable Energy Lab,
Ohio State University,

Penn State University |
|  | |


title: Henry O'Reilly

abstract: Henry O'Reilly was an Irish-American businessman and telegraphy pioneer.

text:
# Henry O'Reilly

**Henry O'Reilly** (February 6, 1806 – August 17, 1886) was an Irish-American businessman and telegraphy pioneer.

## Early life

O'Reilly was born in Carrickmacross, County Monaghan, Ireland. He emigrated with his father to New York City in 1816, where he then changed the spelling of his surname to O'Rielly. With his friend Luther Tucker he went to Rochester, New York, and organized the *Rochester Daily Advertiser*. He was active in Jacksonian politics. The postmaster, Amos Kendall, appointed him to the Rochester post office. O'Reilly chose a young Scottish immigrant, James D. Reid, as his assistant. He married Marcia Brooks, daughter of Micah Brooks, in 1830.

## Civic accomplishments

O'Reilly was one of the Rochester citizens advocating the deepening and improvement of the Erie Canal. He could see that revenues from tolls were not sufficient for major improvements. They advocated borrowing at a time when many considered it immoral.

He promoted a change in the Rochester city charter in 1841 to support free public education. This was opposed by many who preferred education only for a privileged class. He was elected to the subsequent Board of Education. He promoted and became president of the Young Men's Association that created the first library open to the public in the city.

## Publishing

O'Reilly was one of the first authors to write a survey of Rochester and its immediate surroundings, first with a fourteen-page tract *Rochester in 1835 : brief sketches of the present condition of the city of Rochester*. He followed that with a massive publication just three years later, describing in great detail, the *Settlement in the West : sketches of Rochester : with incidental notices of western New-York ...* (1838, 504 pp., published by William Alling), known colloquially as *Sketches of Rochester*.

## Telegraph entrepreneur

O'Reilly signed an ambiguous contract on June 13, 1845, with Amos Kendall, agent of Samuel Morse, for a telegraph line from the eastern seaboard to the Great Lakes. With others he formed the Atlantic, Lake & Mississippi Valley Telegraph system composed of six independent units including the Atlantic & Ohio Telegraph Company. Its superintendent was James D. Reid. The ambiguity of the contract and O'Reilly's aggressive interpretation led to conflict with Kendall and an acrimonious court action. The subsequent case, *O'Reilly v. Morse*, has been highly influential in the development of the law of patent-eligibility. When he lost this case, his telegraphy empire declined.

## InfoBox

| Henry O'Reilly | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 6 February 1806<br>Carrickmacross, County Monaghan, Ireland |
| Died | 17. August 1886 (1886-08-18) (aged 80) |
| Nationality | Irish-American |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Publishing, Telegraphy pioneering |
| Spouse | Marcia Brooks |
| Children | Bertha Welby |


title: Radim Wozniak

abstract: Radim Wozniak is a Czech retired football player. Wozniak, a native of Ostrava, started his football career in the clubs in this city. With FC Baník Ostrava he appeared in the Gambrinus liga. During his stay at SK České Budějovice and FK Mladá Boleslav he won the promotion from the Second League to the top flight division. In 2007, he moved to FC Hradec Králové. Three years later his team was promoted to the Gambrinus liga.

text:
# Radim Wozniak

**Radim Wozniak** (born 29 January 1978) is a Czech retired football player.

Wozniak, a native of Ostrava, started his football career in the clubs in this city. With FC Baník Ostrava he appeared in the Gambrinus liga. During his stay at SK České Budějovice and FK Mladá Boleslav he won the promotion from the Second League to the top flight division. In 2007, he moved to FC Hradec Králové. Three years later his team was promoted to the Gambrinus liga.

## InfoBox

Radim Wozniak
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1978-01-29) 29 January 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Lokomotiva Ostrava | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1995–2003 | FC Baník Ostrava | 22 | (0) |
| 2001–2002 | SK České Budějovice (loan) | 23 | (1) |
| 2003–2005 | FK Mladá Boleslav | 33 | (1) |
| 2005–2006 | Dukla Banská Bystrica |  |  |
| 2007–2011 | FC Hradec Králové | 100 | (0) |
| 2011–2013 | MFK Frýdek-Místek |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17 September 2020 | | | |


title: Odoru Ryūgūjō

abstract: Odoru Ryūgūjō Odoru Ryūgūjō is a 1949 black and white Japanese film directed by Yasushi Sasaki.

text:
# Odoru Ryūgūjō

***Odoru Ryūgūjō*** (踊る龍宮城, literally "Dancing Dragon Palace") is a 1949 black and white Japanese film directed by Yasushi Sasaki.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Odoru Ryūgūjō | |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese movie poster | |
| Directed by | Yasushi Sasaki |
| Written by | Juntarō Hozumi (story)
Yoshiro Tsuji (screenplay) |
| Produced by | Shochiku |
| Music by | Takaaki Asai
Tadashi Manjome
Yoshi Tashiro |
| Release date | * July 26, 1949 (1949-07-26) |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Planning poker

abstract: Planning poker, also called Scrum poker, is a consensus-based, gamified technique for estimating, mostly used for timeboxing in Agile principles. In planning poker, members of the group make estimates by playing numbered cards face-down to the table, instead of speaking them aloud. The cards are revealed, and the estimates are then discussed. By hiding the figures in this way, the group can avoid the cognitive bias of anchoring, where the first number spoken aloud sets a precedent for subsequent estimates. Planning poker is a variation of the Wideband delphi method. It is most commonly used in agile software development, in particular in Scrum and Extreme Programming. Agile software development methods recommend the use of Planning Poker for estimating the size of user stories and developing release and iteration plans. The method was first defined and named by James Grenning in 2002 and later popularized by Mike Cohn in the book Agile Estimating and Planning, whose company trade marked the term and a digital online tool.

text:
# Planning poker

Planning poker decks

**Planning poker**, also called **Scrum poker**, is a consensus-based, gamified technique for estimating, mostly used for timeboxing in *Agile principles*. In planning poker, members of the group make estimates by playing numbered cards face-down to the table, instead of speaking them aloud. The cards are revealed, and the estimates are then discussed. By hiding the figures in this way, the group can avoid the cognitive bias of anchoring, where the first number spoken aloud sets a precedent for subsequent estimates.

Planning poker is a variation of the Wideband delphi method. It is most commonly used in agile software development, in particular in Scrum and Extreme Programming. Agile software development methods recommend the use of Planning Poker for estimating the size of user stories and developing release and iteration plans.

The method was first defined and named by James Grenning in 2002 and later popularized by Mike Cohn in the book *Agile Estimating and Planning*, whose company trade marked the term and a digital online tool.

## Process

### Rationale

The reason to use planning poker is to avoid the influence of the other participants. If a number is spoken, it can sound like a suggestion and influence the other participants' sizing. Planning poker should force people to think independently and propose their numbers simultaneously. This is accomplished by requiring that all participants show their cards at the same time.

### Equipment

Planning poker is based on a list of features to be delivered, several copies of a deck of cards, and optionally, an egg timer that can be used to limit time spent in discussion of each item.

The feature list, often a list of user stories, describes some software that needs to be developed.

The cards in the deck have numbers on them. A typical deck has cards showing the Fibonacci sequence including a zero: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89; other decks use similar progressions with a fixed ratio between each value such as 1, 2, 4, 8, etc.

The reason for using the Fibonacci sequence instead of simply doubling each subsequent value is because estimating a task as exactly double the effort as another task is misleadingly precise. A task that is about twice as much effort as a 5, has to be evaluated as either a bit less than double (8) or a bit more than double (13).

Several commercially available decks use the sequence: 0, ½, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 20, 40, 100, and optionally a ? (unsure), an infinity symbol (this task cannot be completed), and a coffee cup (I need a break, and I will make the rest of the team coffee). The reason for not exactly following the Fibonacci sequence after 13 is because someone once said to Mike Cohn "You must be very certain to have estimated that task as 21 instead of 20." Using numbers with only a single digit of precision (except for 13) indicates the uncertainty in the estimation. Alternatively standard playing cards of Ace, 2, 3, 5, 8, and king can be used. Where king means: "this item is too big or too complicated to estimate". "Throwing a king" ends the discussion of the item for the current sprint.

When teams are not in the same geographical locations, collaborative software over the internet can be used as replacement for physical cards. Several web applications and mobile applications exist for the purpose.

### Procedure

At the estimation meeting, each estimator is given one deck of the cards. All decks have identical sets of cards in them.

The meeting proceeds as follows:

* A Moderator, who will not play, chairs the meeting.
* The Product Owner provides a short overview of one user story to be estimated. The team is given an opportunity to ask questions and discuss to clarify assumptions and risks. A summary of the discussion is recorded, e.g. by the Moderator.
* Each individual lays a card face down representing their estimate for the story. Units used vary - they can be days duration, ideal days, t-shirt sizes or story points. During the discussion, estimations must not be mentioned at all in relation to feature size to avoid anchoring.
* Everyone calls their cards simultaneously by turning them over.
* People with high estimates and low estimates are given a soap box to offer their justification for their estimate and then the discussion continues.
* Repeat the estimation process until a consensus is reached. The developer who was likely to own the deliverable has a large portion of the "consensus vote", although the Moderator can negotiate the consensus.
* To ensure that discussion is structured; the Moderator or the Product Owner may at any point turn over the egg timer and when it runs out all discussion must cease and another round of poker is played. The structure in the conversation is re-introduced by the soapboxes.

The cards are numbered as they are to account for the fact that the longer an estimate is, the more uncertainty it contains. Thus, if a developer wants to play a 6 he is forced to reconsider and either work through that some of the perceived uncertainty does not exist and play a 5, or accept a conservative estimate accounting for the uncertainty and play an 8.


title: Vevay Township, Michigan

abstract: Vevay Township is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,606 at the 2020 census. The township is part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area and mostly surrounds the city of Mason, but the two are administered autonomously.

text:
# Vevay Township, Michigan

**Vevay Township** is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,606 at the 2020 census. The township is part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area and mostly surrounds the city of Mason, but the two are administered autonomously.

## History

The area was first surveyed as early as 1824, and the current eastern boundary of the township is along the Michigan meridian. The township was first settled in 1836 by the Rolfe family. The Michigan legislature approved the creation of Vevay Township from a portion of Aurelius Township on March 6, 1838. The township received its name from Vevay, Indiana. The village of Mason was part of Vevay Township until it incorporated as a city in 1875. Since then, the city has annexed portions of Vevay Township.

The Jackson, Lansing and Saginaw Railroad ran a railway line through the township beginning in 1844 and had two station along the route—one as Mason Centre and another at Eden. The Eden post office opened in 1843 and operated until it was discontinued in 1971. The first township hall was a wood structure built as early as 1890. The current township hall was opened in 1978.

## Communities

* **Columbia** is a former settlement first settled in 1837.
* **Eden** is an unincorporated community in the township. It was first settled in 1843.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 31.64 square miles (81.95 km2), of which 31.56 square miles (81.74 km2) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.21 km2) (0.25%) is water.

Sycamore Creek flows northward through the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,614 people, 1,264 households, and 1,054 families residing in the township. The population density was 112.3 inhabitants per square mile (43.4/km2). There were 1,309 housing units at an average density of 40.7 per square mile (15.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 96.51% White, 0.77% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 1.02% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.

There were 1,264 households, out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.5% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.6% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $56,324, and the median income for a family was $62,725. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $31,071 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,488. About 2.3% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Vevay Township, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil township | |
| Location within Ingham County | |
| Vevay TownshipLocation within the state of MichiganVevay TownshipLocation within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 42°33′03″N 84°25′34″W / 42.55083°N 84.42611°W / 42.55083; -84.42611 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Ingham |
| Settled | 1836 |
| Organized | 1838 |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | John Lazet |
| Clerk | JoAnne Kean |
| Area | |
| Total | 31.64 sq mi (81.95 km2) |
| Land | 31.56 sq mi (81.74 km2) |
| Water | 0.08 sq mi (0.21 km2) |
| Elevation | 906 ft (276 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 3,606 |
| Density | 110/sq mi (44/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code(s) | 48854 (Mason)
49251 (Leslie) |
| Area code | 517 |
| FIPS code | 26-82220 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1627198 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Union Rescue Mission

abstract: The Union Rescue Mission, commonly abbreviated as the URM, is a Christian homeless shelter in the Skid Row neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is the oldest in the city and the largest private homeless shelter in the United States. The organization behind the URM is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that was established in 1891.

text:
# Union Rescue Mission

The **Union Rescue Mission**, commonly abbreviated as the **URM**, is a Christian homeless shelter in the Skid Row neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It is the oldest in the city and the largest private homeless shelter in the United States. The organization behind the URM is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that was established in 1891.

## History

The United Rescue Mission was founded on December 4, 1891, by Lyman Stewart, a businessman who co-founded the Union Oil Company of California and Biola University. It was originally known as the Pacific Gospel Union and its first superintendent was George A. Hilton. During its beginnings in the late 19th century, it pitched temporary tents that served the homeless, later purchasing a permanent residence at 145 N Main St. in 1907. The property was bought by city officials in 1926 to build the Los Angeles City Hall, causing the URM to buy another building at 226 S Main St., nicknamed "The Mansion on Main Street". The Main St. location was demolished and became a parking lot next to the Cathedral of Saint Vibiana.

The mission supplied nearly half (42%) of all free meals provided by private charities in the city during the Great Depression. It opened its current 225,000 sq ft (20,900 m2) facility in 1994. In 2005, many hospitals in the area, including one from Las Vegas, consistently dropped their patients on URM's doorstep. They justified their action by saying that "it \[the URM\] was the only place in Southern California with a concentration of patient social services like homeless shelters and drug and alcohol programs."

The center suffered greatly during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a hundred positive cases and two deaths in just the first two months of lockdown. Space had to be limited to 550-600 people per night during this time. However, the next year was more forgiving, as URM coordinated with the Los Angeles County Fire Department and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and even became a distributor of the COVID-19 vaccine.

In 2020, Hudson Pacific Properties, a real estate investment trust, pledged $500,000 to URM as a part of the company's efforts to give back to the communities and combat homelessness.

## Facility

The building, which opened in 1994, contains a chapel, library, playground, gymnasium, and a learning center with computers. It can shelter about a thousand people per night. The fourth floor contains the Bank of America Learning Center, which offers basic education on literacy, computer training, and high school diplomas. In 2007, an Internet café, the first one in Skid Row, opened on the first floor.

Pepperdine University's Graduate School of Education & Psychology operates a mental health clinic free of charge in the shelter. Their Legal Aid Clinic also provides free legal services to the homeless.

## Leadership

The Rev. Andy Bales was appointed president of the mission in 2005 and became chief executive in 2007. He retired in 2023.

## Events

An annual tradition at the Union Rescue Mission is the deep frying of 300 turkeys to feed to the residents as a Thanksgiving meal. 600 residents will have a sit-down dinner, while the nonresidents will be given food outside.

Actors from the soap opera *The Bold and the Beautiful* joined a 5K run in June 2020 to help raise money for the mission.

The Los Angeles Rams' Community Service Team, cheerleaders, and their mascot Rampage volunteered to prepare and hand out meals at the shelter in December 2018.

The Victory Service Club was founded in 1942 and it helped support soldiers spiritually during wars. In 1980, the Bethel Haven Women and Family Shelter was created to combat the increase in the number of women and children in the homeless population.

Hope Gardens Family Center, which opened in 2006 in the foothills of the neighborhood of Sylmar, is a 71 acres (29 ha) residence exclusively for single women. URM also owns two thrift stores in Covina and Whittier. The Angeles House, a facility for families, was opened in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Union Rescue Mission | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The shelter's cafeteria in 2023 | |
| Location within the Los Angeles metropolitan areaUnion Rescue Mission (California)Union Rescue Mission (the United States) | |
| General information | |
| Location | 545 San Pedro St, Los Angeles, CA 90013 |
| Coordinates | 34°02′36″N 118°14′42″W / 34.0433°N 118.2449°W / 34.0433; -118.2449 |
| Opened | 1994 (1994) |
| Cost | $29 million |
| Owner | Union Rescue Mission |
| Technical details | |
| Floor area | 225,000 sq ft (20,900 m2) |
| Website | |
| urm.org | |


title: Orestimba Creek

abstract: Orestimba Creek, originally Arroyo de Orestimba is a tributary of the San Joaquin River draining eastern slopes of part of the Diablo Range within the San Joaquin Valley of California. The Creek has its source at the confluence of the north and south forks of Orestimba Creek and its mouth at the San Joaquin River, is about 7 1/2 miles north of Newman in Stanislaus County.

text:
# Orestimba Creek

**Orestimba Creek**, originally **Arroyo de Orestimba** (Orestimba, a Yokutsan word for "meeting place") is a tributary of the San Joaquin River draining eastern slopes of part of the Diablo Range within the San Joaquin Valley of California.

The Creek has its source at the confluence of the north and south forks of Orestimba Creek and its mouth at the San Joaquin River, is about 7 1/2 miles north of Newman in Stanislaus County.

## History

Arroyo Orestimba was a watering place on El Camino Viejo in the San Joaquin Valley and was the primary water source for Rancho Orestimba y Las Garzas near its northern boundary. The ranch house of Rancho Orestimba y las Garzas, was built above the sycamore grove on Arroyo de Orestimba.

## InfoBox

| Orestimba Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Etymology | Spanish |
| Native name | *Arroyo de Orestimba* (Spanish) |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| Region | Stanislaus County |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source confluence | confluence |
| location | of North Fork Orestimba Creek and South Fork Orestimba Creek., Stanislaus County, California |
| coordinates | 37°18′09″N 121°17′22″W / 37.30250°N 121.28944°W / 37.30250; -121.28944 |
| elevation | 669 ft (204 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | mouth |
| location | at the San Joaquin River, about 7 1/2 miles north of Newman, in Stanislaus County |
| coordinates | 37°25′19″N 121°00′12″W / 37.42194°N 121.00333°W / 37.42194; -121.00333 |
| elevation | 46 ft (14 m) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | San Joaquin River |


title: The Argues (band)

abstract: The Argues are a Canadian country rock family band, consisting of multi-instrumentalist sisters Lauren and Sabrina Argue, their father Michael and mother Chantale. They released their debut album, Something New, on November 3, 2016. In 2017, The Argues won the award for Best Country at the Toronto Independent Music Awards.

text:
# The Argues (band)

**The Argues** are a Canadian country rock family band, consisting of multi-instrumentalist sisters Lauren and Sabrina Argue, their father Michael and mother Chantale. They released their debut album, *Something New*, on November 3, 2016. In 2017, The Argues won the award for Best Country at the Toronto Independent Music Awards.

## History

The Argues' music has been described as a new sound of blues, rock, and country music. Largely self-taught, the band does most of their songwriting at their log cabin in Springwater and in their studio near Barrie, Ontario.

## Shows and TV appearances

Since 2010, The Argues have performed at countless festivals, fundraisers, pubs, and corporate events, including performances in Ottawa,, at Toronto's Taste of the Kingsway, the Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest, and the Toronto Ribfest, performing with audiences of over 6,000. The band has appeared on Rogers TV's Toronto Talent program and Toronto Sessions several times. They have worked with producer/engineer Michael Jack (Phase One, Radio Room), celebrity vocal coach Elaine Overholt, Jeff Healey Band's Joe Rockman, Texassippi Blues man Danny Brooks, and have shared the stage with the River Town Saints and Andrew Hyatt.

## *Something New* (2016)

The Argues' debut album, *Something New*, which features the band's original songs, was released on November 3, 2016. It was co-produced by Canadian producer/engineer Michael Jack and recorded at Metalworks Studios. Since its release, their songs have been played on stations worldwide: New Zealand, England, the United States and Canada (including CBC’s Fresh Air). They released two music videos for the album—for "The Best Is Yet To Be" and "I Don't Need You". They were also listed in the regional top-10 for CBC Searchlight 2017 for the song "Run Till You Drop."

### TIMA and Singles

In October 2017, The Argues won the 2017 Toronto Independent Music Award for Best Country.

In June 2018, their single "I Don’t Need You" was released to Canadian Country Radio.

On June 20, 2019, The Argues released the single titled "Enjoy This Night."

## Discography

### Albums

* *Something New* (2016)

### Singles

* "I Don't Need You" (2018)
* "Enjoy This Night" (2019)

## Members

* Sabrina Argue - lead vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica, bass guitar
* Lauren Argue - lead vocals, bass guitar, guitar
* Chantale Argue - drums, percussion, backing vocals
* Michael Argue - guitar, backing vocals

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | Toronto Independent Music Awards | Best Country | Won |  |

## InfoBox

| The Argues | |
| --- | --- |
| The Argues performing at the Barrie Waterfront Festival in May 2016 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Country rock, Country, pop rock, rock, Americana |
| Years active | 2010present |
|  | |
| Members | * Sabrina Argue * Lauren Argue * Chantale Argue * Michael Argue |
|  | |
| Website | theargues.ca |


title: HSwMS Uppland (Upd)

abstract: HSwMS Uppland (Upd) is one of three Gotland-class submarine built for the Royal Swedish Navy during the Cold War. The motto of HSwMS Uppland is "Prudencia Et Audacia" which translates into "Prudence And Boldness".

text:
# HSwMS Uppland (Upd)

**HSwMS *Uppland* (Upd)** is one of three *Gotland*-class submarine built for the Royal Swedish Navy during the Cold War. The motto of HSwMS *Uppland* is "Prudencia Et Audacia" which translates into "Prudence And Boldness".

## Mid-life upgrade

In 2020, HSwMS *Uppland* underwent a mid-life update. During the upgrade, a number of systems that will be used in the next generation submarines, the *Blekinge*-class (A26), were installed. More than 20 new systems on board the new *Gotland*-class was implemented, which contributes to their de-risking for the A26. This also offers training opportunities for the crew when they deploy the A26 in the future.

The upgrade process included many new systems, such as the Stirling AIP, a completely new mast suite, sonars and sensors as well as management and communication systems. In order to accommodate all systems, the submarine has extended to 62 m and gained another 200 tons in weight. In the process HSwMS *Uppland* reached a displacement (surfaced) of 1580 tons.

## Citations

## Bibliography

* Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2004). *Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005*. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2623-1.

## InfoBox

| HSwMS *Uppland* in 2009 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Sweden | |
| Name | *Uppland* |
| Builder | Kockums |
| Laid down | 21 October 1994 |
| Launched | 9 February 1996 |
| Commissioned | October 1997 |
| Homeport | Karlskrona, Sweden |
| Identification |  |
| Motto | *Prudentia et audacia* ("Prudence And Boldness") |
| Status | Active in service |
| Badge |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Gotland*-class submarine |
| Displacement | 1526 tons standard, 1647 tons submerged |
| Length | 60.4 m (198 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 6.2 m (20 ft 4 in) |
| Draught | 5.6 m (18 ft 4 in) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced * 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) submerged |
| Endurance | over 14 days submerged without snorkeling |
| Test depth | 500 ft (150 m) |
| Complement | 20 officers, 15 enlisted |
| Armament | * 4 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes with 12 torpedoes * 2 × 400 mm (15.7 in) torpedo tubes with 6 torpedoes * 48 external mines |


title: Network of Bay Area Worker Cooperatives

abstract: The Network of Bay Area Worker Cooperatives is a network of worker cooperatives dedicated to building workplace democracy in the San Francisco Bay Area. NoBAWC was founded in September 1994 when workers representing nine worker cooperatives met to address their isolation and to build a worker cooperative movement in the region. Twelve years later, NoBAWC comprises over 30 dues-paying workplaces with a paid staff. NoBAWC is a member of the United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives.

text:
# Network of Bay Area Worker Cooperatives

The **Network of Bay Area Worker Cooperatives** (**NoBAWC** *\- pronounced "No Boss"*) is a network of worker cooperatives dedicated to building workplace democracy in the San Francisco Bay Area.

NoBAWC was founded in September 1994 when workers representing nine worker cooperatives met to address their isolation and to build a worker cooperative movement in the region. Twelve years later, NoBAWC comprises over 30 dues-paying workplaces with a paid staff. NoBAWC is a member of the United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives.

## Members


title: Radoišće

abstract: Radoišće is a settlement (naselje) in the Sveti Ivan Zelina administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 250 people.

text:
# Radoišće

**Radoišće** is a settlement (*naselje*) in the Sveti Ivan Zelina administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 250 people.

46°01′N 16°20′E / 46.017°N 16.333°E / 46.017; 16.333

## InfoBox

| Radoišće | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Zagreb |
| City | Sveti Ivan Zelina |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.4 km2 (3.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 178 |
| Density | 21/km2 (55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Oculoplastics

abstract: Oculoplastics, or oculoplastic surgery, includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that deal with the orbit, eyelids, tear ducts, and the face. It also deals with the reconstruction of the eye and associated structures.

text:
# Oculoplastics

**Oculoplastics**, or **oculoplastic surgery**, includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that deal with the orbit (eye socket), eyelids, tear ducts, and the face. It also deals with the reconstruction of the eye and associated structures.

## Training

An oculoplastic surgeon is a specialized ophthalmologist who has completed one or two years of additional fellowship training following ophthalmology residency. Members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASOPRS) are the most highly qualified oculoplastic surgeons in North America. To qualify, a member must have passed both the American Board of Ophthalmology certification exams, as well as written and oral board examinations through ASOPRS. A candidate must also have made a significant contribution to the field of oculoplastics, which may take the form of a peer-reviewed publication. Such other surgeons as plastic surgeons, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons may be trained in oculoplastic procedures as well. The total additional training time for an ASOPRS Oculoplastic surgeon is 2 years after a 4-year Ophthalmology residency.

The most highly qualified oculoplastic surgeons in the United Kingdom are members of the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society. In the UK oculoplastic surgeons will have generally undertaken 8–9 years of training, including 1–2 years of fellowship in addition to 7 years of registrar work (which typically includes 12–18 months of oculoplastic surgery training).

## Oculoplastic procedures

Oculoplastic surgeons perform procedures such as the repair of droopy eyelids (blepharoplasty), repair of tear duct obstructions, orbital fracture repairs, removal of tumors in and around the eyes, eyelid and facial reconstruction.

### Eyelid surgery

Entropion, ectropion, ptosis, and eyelid tumors are commonly treated by various forms of eyelid surgery.

### Surgery involving the lacrimal apparatus

### Eye removal

* + An **enucleation** is the removal of the eye leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.
    + An **evisceration** is the removal of the eye's contents, leaving the scleral shell intact. Usually performed to reduce pain in a blind eye.
    + An **exenteration** is the removal of the entire orbital contents, including the eye, extraocular muscles, fat, and connective tissues; usually for malignant orbital tumors.

### Orbital reconstruction

* Ocular prosthetics (artificial eyes)
* Orbital prosthesis (artificial replacement of the eye and eyelids within the discipline of Anaplastology) for an extenterated orbit.
* Orbital decompression for Graves' disease
* Orbital decompression for non-thyroid patients (aesthetic only)
* Orbital Tumor Removal - removing tumors around the eye that may compromise vision

### Other


title: Pleasanton Unified School District

abstract: The Pleasanton Unified School District (PUSD) is a public primary and secondary education school district located in Pleasanton, California, United States, a suburban town east of San Francisco. It consists of nine elementary schools, three middle schools, two comprehensive high schools, and one alternative high school. It includes the majority of Pleasanton and sections of Hayward and Sunol.

text:
# Pleasanton Unified School District

The **Pleasanton Unified School District** (**PUSD**) is a public primary and secondary education school district located in Pleasanton, California, United States, a suburban town east of San Francisco. It consists of nine elementary schools, three middle schools, two comprehensive high schools, and one alternative high school.

It includes the majority of Pleasanton and sections of Hayward and Sunol.

## High schools

### Amador Valley High School

Amador Valley High School (commonly called Amador or AVHS) was founded as Amador Valley Joint Union High School. Its first class graduated in 1923. The school has been named a California Distinguished School, a National School of Character, and a National Blue Ribbon School. The school mascot is the Don.

### Foothill High School

Foothill High School (commonly called Foothill or FHS) was built in 1973. The current enrollment is 2,343 students. The school mascot is the falcon and its colors are yellow and blue. The official rival school is Amador Valley High School. FHS was a 2006 winner of the National Blue Ribbon Award, was a 2002 National Blue Ribbon California Nominee, and was recognized as a 2001 California Distinguished School.

Both school offer a wide variety of sports, such as football, cross country, soccer, basketball, swimming, golf, volleyball, marching band, and more.

## Middle schools

### Pleasanton Middle School

Pleasanton Middle School (PMS) is a grade 6-8 formulated middle school. The school opened in 1991, and is a California Distinguished School. Around 1300 students attend this school with 65 teachers. The school mascot is the Panther. PMS plays other schools like Harvest Park Middle School and Hart Middle School in various activities and sports, including basketball, volleyball, and wrestling. It is located next to Hearst Elementary School, and is in walking distance from the public library and downtown Pleasanton. One of the outstanding parts of the school is its cultural diversity and acceptance. From the Bhangra Club to the Model United Nations Club, there are many activities available at this middle school.

In 2020, the Black Student Union (BSU) and Latin Student Union (LSU) were created. The BSU and LSU are first ones at any middle school in Pleasanton.

In 2022, the science bowl club won 1st place at the Sandia regional science bowl. They are the first ones in district history to win this competition.

### Harvest Park Middle School

Harvest Park Middle School (HPMS) is a public middle school. It was built in 1968, and is the oldest middle school in Pleasanton. It is located at 4900 Valley Avenue. It is a National Blue Ribbon school, ranked #1 in Pleasanton for education from 2010-2013, and a California Distinguished School. It is located near Walnut Grove Elementary. The school offers sports such as track, volleyball, and ultimate frisbee, as well as a computer program. In track and field, the school ran at outside organization known as Oak Hill Athletics. It is one of the top rated schools in the Pleasanton area. Its mascot is the Patriot.

### Thomas S. Hart Middle School

Thomas S. Hart Middle School was founded in 2000. It is the newest middle school in the district. Its mascot is the Husky. It has many sports such as ultimate frisbee, track, cross country, cricket, volleyball, golf, basketball, and color guard. The school was named after Thomas S. Hart, a well-loved teacher, principal and assistant superintendent of the Pleasanton Unified School District.

## Elementary schools

### Alisal

Alisal was named after the city in the 1700-1800s, before Pleasanton got its name.

### Donlon

### Fairlands

Fairlands was built in 1969 and is located at 4151 W. Las Positas Boulevard. It has been recognized as a California Distinguished School four times. Its mascot is a "flyer" (a hot air balloon).

### Hearst

Hearst Elementary School is located on Case Avenue near Pleasanton Middle School. It enrolls students from grades K-5. Its slogan is "Home of the Monarchs", and its mascot is the monarch butterfly.

### Lydiksen

Built in 1967 and named in honor of George C. Lydiksen, the school serves around 700 students ranging from TK (transitional kindergarten) to fifth grade. The school has been recognized as a California Distinguished School and California Gold Ribbon School, with test scores in the top 10% of all schools in California. The mascot is a Lancer

### Mohr

Opened in 1997, Mohr Elementary School was named after Henry P. Mohr, a farmer and prominent member of the Pleasanton community. In 2021, the school served 663 students. The school was named a California Distinguished School in 2020. The mascot is an eagle.

### Valley View

Opened in 1960, Valley View Elementary School is the only elementary school in the district that operates a Spanish-English dual-immersion program. In 2017-2018, the school served 645 students. The mascot is a mustang.

### Vintage Hills

### Walnut Grove

Walnut Grove Elementary School opened in 1968 and served 749 students in the 2019-20 school year. The mascot of the school is a roadrunner.

## Continuation schools

### Village High School

Village High School (commonly Village) is a public continuation high school. It was formed to serve students from Amador Valley and Foothill with low grades, multiple absences, or credit deficiencies.

## InfoBox

| Pleasanton Unified School District (PUSD) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| 4665 Bernal Avenue Pleasanton, California, 94566-7498<br>United States | |
| Coordinates | 37°39′22″N 121°52′33″W / 37.65611°N 121.87583°W / 37.65611; -121.87583 |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Established | 1988 (1988) |
| Superintendent | David Haglund, Ed. D (June 2017 - Present) |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.pleasantonusd.net |


title: Victorian School of Forestry

abstract: The Victorian School of Forestry (VSF) was established in October 1910 at Creswick, in the Australian state of Victoria. It was located at the former Creswick Hospital, built in 1863 during the gold rush. The creation of VSF was one of the many recommendations of a Royal Commission held between 1897 and 1901 into forest degradation. The first tertiary forestry school in Australia, VSF was administered by the Forests Commission Victoria (FCV) until 1980, when VSF amalgamated with the University of Melbourne to become that institution's School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. From 1910 to 1980, 522 students completed the Diploma of Forestry at VSF.

text:
# Victorian School of Forestry

The **Victorian School of Forestry (VSF)** was established in October 1910 at Creswick, in the Australian state of Victoria. It was located at the former Creswick Hospital, built in 1863 during the gold rush. The creation of VSF was one of the many recommendations of a Royal Commission held between 1897 and 1901 into forest degradation. The first tertiary forestry school in Australia, VSF was administered by the **Forests Commission Victoria (FCV)** until 1980, when VSF amalgamated with the University of Melbourne to become that institution's School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. From 1910 to 1980, 522 students completed the Diploma of Forestry at VSF.

## History

The supply of professional staff was a paramount concern to Conservators of the early State Forests Department in Victoria.

Forestry training really began with the idea expressed by Conservator Frederick D'A. Vincent from the Imperial Forest Service in India after his inspection of Victorian forestry in 1887. It was then reiterated by George Samuel Perrin, the first Conservator of Forests, in 1890, that a training school was necessary because overseas forestry staff, if available, could not "adapt themselves to the new and strange conditions of forestry in this country". His suggestion was supported by numerous reports and inquiries.

The new Forest Act (1907) also recognised that effective management of forests required appropriately skilled staff, stipulating that no person could be appointed to a forestry position without completing a relevant course and passing a special examination, thus paving the way for the establishment of the forestry school at Creswick.

The Victorian School of Forestry (VSF), also known locally as "The School on the Hill", was located at the former Creswick hospital which was built in 1863. The buildings and grounds were purchased for £1,163 7s 3d in 1909 by the Victorian Government and refurbished at the instigation of John Johnstone, (Superintendent of State Plantations), the direction of Donald McLeod, (Minister of Forests, 1904–1909) together with Sir Peter McBride (Minister of Forests, 1909–1913) and the support of Sir Alexander Peacock, who was then the parliamentary representative for the seat of Creswick and later Premier of Victoria.  The school's main gates were dedicated to Sir Alexander in 1952.

The State Government opened the school on 29 October 1910, attended by a large delegation of dignitaries, Members of the Victorian Parliament, and their companions. The visitors toured the School, nursery, plantation and proposed Arboretum, and toasted the great endeavour.

The Victorian School of Forestry was the first institution of its kind in Australia.

VSF was a residential school having the old hospital wards available as classrooms, well equipped kitchen and nurses quarters and other rooms suitable for staff and student accommodation. Originally called *"Pednolva"* school classes began in the house built in 1881 for Dr John Tremearne, who had been the resident medical officer at the Creswick Hospital from 1872 to 1888, but later moved up the hill to the old hospital building.

The forests surrounding Creswick had been thoroughly cut over during the gold mining era from the 1850s until around 1900. The forester John La Gerche was placed in charge of the forest land around Creswick in the late 1880s. He established a State nursery at nearby Sawpit Gully in 1888 to aid the revegetation of the forests around Creswick. Land rehabilitation and the need to create softwood resources meant that some of the first plantations of radiata pine were established around 1900 and became part of the school demonstration forest. In the early years, practical training was completed under the direction of John Johnstone, Superintendent of State Plantations. Johnstone was born in Scotland in 1858 and served his gardening and forestry apprenticeship at Gordon Castle, and after getting married decided to emigrate to Victoria. He worked to establish Maddingley Park at Bacchus Marsh before being recruited to the Forests Department in 1898 by George Samuel Perrin. The School lacked trained foresters to teach specialised coursework, so teachers were recruited from the nearby Ballarat School of Mines who focussed solely on basic sciences. Mr Thomas Stephan Hart, formerly Professor of Geology and Mining, was appointed Senior Master in May 1913. The academic standard of the course was ensured by a Board of Examiners headed by the Professor of Botany at Melbourne University, Professor Alfred James Ewart (1872–1937).

The initial class of six students that commenced in October 1910 were already in training as foresters under a system of supervised practical work or were appointed from work crews. Entrance to the school was by competitive examination for boys between fourteen and sixteen years of *sound health and good moral character.* The school was later officially opened at a ceremony on 26 May 1913 by Hugh Mackay, Conservator of Forests.

Regulations were gazetted in September 1914 to enable trainees at the school to be paid £48 in their first year, £52 in the second year and £56 in the third, with £45 being deducted to cover board, lodging and tuition. Upon graduation, students were appointed as cadet foresters to the Forests Commission Victoria.

In 1914, the British Association met in Australia and among the many distinguished visitors was Sir David Ernest Hutchins, a graduate of the *École nationale des eaux et forêts* at Nancy in France. Hutchins was then retired, but with considerable experience across the British Empire in both India and South Africa. Australia's first Inspector-General of Forests Charles Edward Lane Poole also an alma mater of the French forestry school, invited Hutchins to tour all Australian States and New Zealand. Hutchins reported in 1916 on the overall parlous state of forest management but wrote enthusiastically about both Victoria and the progress being made at the Forestry School.

Nine VSF students are known to have enlisted in the Great War and one of the first graduates of the school, Reginald Graham Lindsay, (brother of famous Australian artist and writer, Norman Lindsay), joined 22nd Australian Field Artillery Brigade but was killed in action in France on 31 December 1916. Reg was queuing with four other soldiers for rations when they were all killed by a direct shell landing in their midst, although it is often more colourfully reported that he was shot "when dashing out of his dugout to rescue a bottle of rum" on New Year's Eve.

A number of VSF graduates volunteered for military service in WW2 with some joining units deployed to the UK and other places as forestry companies in the Royal Australian Engineers (RAE) and served with distinction to produce timber for the war efforts. After the war, the first intake of ex-servicemen into the forestry school occurred. Twenty applications were received with four being selected. A further six were later enrolled in 1946–47.

VSF students were also subject to compulsory national service training in the 1950s. The forestry profession was not exempt and four students were conscripted to serve in Vietnam in the 1960s.

## Relationship with other Australian tertiary institutions

The twentieth century had started optimistically with the Federation of Australia, but co-operation between the states was hesitant. The leaders of the small state forest agencies met in 1911 and recommended that Australia needed to conserve sufficient forests and start plantations. Although they had already established forestry organisations as best they could, they needed better ways of recruiting and training foresters. Within a few months of each other, Victoria and South Australia started forestry schools but took paths that reflected their roots. Western Australia and NSW also started forestry schools at Ludlow and Narara in the 1920s but these schools only lasted for a few years.

An Australian Forestry School (AFS) was first mooted in 1916 and later established, initially in Adelaide in 1926, before moving to the Canberra suburb of Yarralumla in 1927 under the Commonwealth Department of National Development. Students undertaking the first two years of an appropriately designed science course at their (then sole) State University and then proceeding to Canberra to undertake a Diploma course over two years. The home university granted a Bachelor of Science in Forestry degree. Sixteen students representing all states, including Alf Lawrence from Victoria, were enrolled in 1926. Lecturing staff included Norman William Jolly, Charles Earnest Carter (ex Principal of VSF), Hugh Richard Gray and A. Rule while Charles Edward Lane Poole acted as Principal. The prestigious Schlich Medal was awarded annually to the outstanding forestry student at the Australian Forestry School from 1928. However, Victoria withdrew from the arrangement in 1930 and instead continued to support the VSF at Creswick, thereby starting a rift within the recently formed Institute of Foresters of Australia (IFA) that took many years to heal.

While other states cautiously relinquished their fledgling forestry schools, Victoria continued with supporting the VSF Diploma course after the Commonwealth started its national Australian Forestry School in 1926, partly due to an acrimonious dispute with the Commonwealth Inspector-General of Forestry and Principal of the School, Charles Edward Lane Poole, over the standard of the Victorian foresters. The Institute of Foresters of Australia, founded in 1935, was also racked over its refusal to grant full membership to foresters holding the Victorian Diploma.

However, the first twenty years of the Australian Forestry School proved difficult. The Great Depression, the Second World War, the states’ suspicions of the Commonwealth, and the abrasive manner of the school's head, Charles Lane Poole, all acted to reduce the number of students being sent there; one year there were none and several times during the war years it was nearly closed. Upon Lane Poole's retirement in January 1945 Dr Maxwell Ralph Jacobs was appointed Principal, a position he held until 1959. The post war intake of students increased to between 15 and 30 with many from New Zealand until a school was opened at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch. By 1965 the responsibilities of the Australian Forestry School were transferred to the Australian National University in Canberra and it developed a four-year Bachelor of Science in Forestry degree and postgraduate research degrees.

From the mid-1940s, under the stewardship of the Chairman of the Forests Commission, Alfred Vernon Galbraith, students from Creswick extended their studies at the University of Melbourne to gain a Bachelor of Forest Science after the university established its own Forestry School in 1938. The two institutions worked well together and eventually, the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne was created in 1973. The arrangement whereby Creswick diplomates could complete a degree with two years additional study at the university continued. Some VSF graduates continued their studies towards a master's degree or PhD research. By the late 1950s, Commission staff began to produce a stream of peer-reviewed research into the silviculture of key eucalypt species, especially on germination, growth rates and other aspects of productivity. In the 1960s, academic research expanded into areas such as soils, entomology and pathogenic threats to forests, hydrology and as well as fire research. Later in the 1970s, wildlife research, landscape management, economics and recreation demand.

One of the unforeseen and long term consequences of the dispute with Charles Lane Pool in the 1930s, combined with the rebuff from the Institute of Foresters, was that VSF Diploma graduates tended to remain in Victoria throughout their careers while Canberra and Melbourne University graduates tended to occupy roles in other state forestry services. Not surprisingly, there were some lingering rivalries over the perceived class division and unfortunately this had the effect of limiting the interchange of foresters across the State border. However, this undercurrent diminished over time as more Creswick foresters completed tertiary studies at Melbourne University.

Until the 1980s a Forestry, Agriculture or an Earth Science qualification like geomorphology was the traditional tertiary pathway into a land management career. Over time, many VSF graduates left the Forests Commission and went on to establish notable careers in other fields with the National Park Service, Fisheries and Wildlife, Alpine Resorts, Country Fire Authority, Soil Conservation Authority, LandCare, Land Conservation Council, Melbourne Water, teaching at tertiary institutions, consultancy, environmental NGO's, research organisations like the CSIRO and Universities, local government, the private sector, interstate and overseas.

## Diploma of Forestry - 1910 to 1980

For seven decades from 1910 to 1980, small groups of young men, as few as 6 and up to 20, but usually 10–12, took three-year residential courses graduating with forestry diplomas. Over time the title of the qualifications conferred at Creswick evolved. Early students were granted a School Certificate, but later an Associate Diploma of the School of Forestry, Creswick (A Dip For Cres) was awarded. In 1969 regulations were introduced to rename the award the Diploma of Forestry, Creswick (Dip For Cres). Earlier Associate Diploma qualifications were also upgraded in this process. Around the same time as Victoria split from the Australian Forestry School in Canberra in the 1930s, the Board of Examiners created a more senior award called the Diploma of Forestry, Victoria (Dip For Vic) targeted mostly for Associate Diploma graduates who, after serving for three years in the department, submitted an acceptable thesis on an approved forestry subject to the Board of Forestry Education. Also because of the Victorian Public Service Board (PSB) rules that prevailed at the time, many Associate Diploma holders employed by the Forests Commission held fears about jobs and promotions going to graduates with Degrees and their ability to work interstate. The Dip For Vic qualification was deemed by the Commission and PSB to be equivalent to a Degree for the purposes of promotion and 64 were granted between 1935 and 1983.

While the Forests Commission was responsible for the administration of the school and appointment of the Principal, a Board of Forestry Education was created in 1962 (replacing the earlier Board of Examiners) and was responsible for ensuring high academic standards. The new Board grew from 4 to 11 members and included distinguished academics from the University of Melbourne such as John Harding Chinner.

Students generally entered the school on fully funded scholarships and were "bonded" to work for the Forests Commission for a period of three years upon completion of their Diplomas, in what often turned out to be “a-career-for-life”. VSF scholarships were keenly sought as they offered a tertiary education for students from modest backgrounds, like Alfred (Alf) Oscar Lawrence who graduated from Creswick in 1922, undertook forest assessment and mapping surveys in the red gum forests along the Murray River before studying at Oxford in 1934 on a Russell Grimwade prize. Upon his return, he was appointed Fire Protection Officer during a difficult period following the disastrous 1939 bushfires and set about developing a highly organised fire fighting force, including introducing modern equipment such as powered pumps, aircraft, and a statewide radio communications network. Alf Lawrence rose to become Chairman of the Forests Commission in 1956 and was later awarded an OBE for his outstanding services to forestry and scouting in 1969.

While there were many distinguished graduates of VSF, Alfred (Alf) John Leslie stands out as a true international forester. After graduation in 1941 and a short stint with the Forests Commission on the Toorongo Plateau near Noojee supervising the 1939 bushfire salvage, he served in the Royal Australian Navy as a submariner where he was seriously wounded. After recuperating from his injuries and returning to Taggerty, Mansfield and then Beech Forest he completed a forestry degree at the University of Melbourne in 1948. He left the Commission in 1951 to join Australian Paper Manufacturers (APM) in the Latrobe Valley to establish their new pulpwood plantations. Later taking up a position as senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne in 1958 he was recruited to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations in 1963 to lead forestry projects in Nigeria before ending up in Rome in 1968.  He also presided over the International Tropical Timbers Organisation (ITTO) and International Union of Foresters before receiving an honorary doctorate from the University of Melbourne in 1994 in recognition for his services to international forestry.

In the immediate postwar period VSF flourished as the Forests Commission increased its intake of graduates to meet the demands on Victoria's forest resources and the timber needs of the housing boom.

Traditionally, VSF had been promoted as a "gateway to a man's career" with the first group of women entering the forestry school in 1976.

Between 1910 and 1980 a total of 592 students entered the VSF to undertake studies towards the Diploma of Forestry and of these 522 completed the course. In later years, most VSF Diploma graduates went on to further studies at Melbourne University and other tertiary institutes. Over the years, several students did not complete the Diploma course but also found employment with the Forests Commission.

In another development, the Forestry School added a Certificate of Applied Science course in 1977 for forest overseers already employed by the commission. Temporary accommodation huts were built at the rear of the school affectionately known as Siberia.

## VSF museum, grounds and demonstration forest

In addition to many historic buildings, museums, herbaria and other collections have long been present at the school. In 1912, only three years after the VSF opened, a botany laboratory and a geology museum were founded with a larger museum officially established in 1929. Today the VSF Herbarium is considered to be one of the most significant sub-collections in the Creswick Collection. It is estimated that the herbarium contains 10,000 specimens, representing between 2,500 and 3,000 different species of plants, fungi and insects, collected over more than a century. Among the more important samples are the specimens prepared by Government Botanist Baron Sir Ferdinand von Mueller in 1874 and Dr James Hamlyn Willis, who studied at VSF from 1928 to 1930 and went on to become one of the school's most successful and respected graduates. A large collection of other artifacts, documents, glass slides and photos is housed at the school. A number of notable graduates from VSF Creswick made significant contributions towards understanding the ecology of Victoria's forests.

The school is set on 15 hectares of grounds with many unique specimen trees. A seedling of *Pinus brutia* was propagated from the original tree at Lone Pine at Gallipoli and planted in the grounds on 23 March 1975. The tree was the sole survivor of a group that had been cut down by Turkish soldiers to cover their trenches with the timber and branches during the ferocious battle in 1915. A plaque was also unveiled by Legacy to commemorate soldiers who fought in WW1. A grove of trees was planted in 2009 in front of Tremearne House to honour a famous student from the 1940s, Alfred Leslie.

HRH Prince Charles stayed overnight at VSF during his visit on 28 October 1974 and planted a *Eucalyptus leucoxylon* (yellow gum) near the science laboratory.

The school also had a large "demonstration forest" of some 1200 acres set aside within a mile of the campus with native forests and softwood plantations which already exceed 800 acres, together with a large forest nursery established by John La Gerche in the late 1800s.

In addition to rigorous academic study, VSF had a very strong focus on preparing students suited to Victorian conditions and on acquiring practical skills of forestry. Horsemanship was included in the curriculum at Creswick up until the 1960s and regular field work in the demonstration forest performing thinning, road works, planting or raising seedlings in the nearby nursery were an important part of the Victorian diploma course.

A small park was set aside for the preservation of Koalas by the Minister for Forests, Mr Albert Lind, in November 1942 to mark the centenary of the township of Creswick. The park was fenced to contain the koalas which had been relocated from Phillip Island and was looked after by students as a popular picnic ground with walking trails. Other recreation sites were also constructed and maintained, particularly around St Georges Lake.

In February 1977 a bushfire swept through a large part of the demonstration forest and destroyed many fine old stands of timber established in the 1880s including a plot of ponderosa pine that had been planted for sailing ship masts.

## Merger with the University of Melbourne - 1980

Prior to 1967, VSF had been wholly funded by the Victorian Government through the Forests Commission which was responsible for its day-to-day administration. Commonwealth funding was then made available, but in 1975 the Commonwealth indicated that it was no longer prepared to continue funding for Creswick as a separate, single-discipline institution after 1978 and pointedly proposed an amalgamation with the rapidly expanding Ballarat College of Advanced Education (formally the School of Mines).

Meanwhile, there had been a long association, with some friendly academic and personal rivalries, between VSF, the Forests Commission and the University of Melbourne. So after a period of tumultuous negotiation between two strong minded intellectuals, Dr Frank Moulds, Chairman of the Forests Commission, (and ex Principal of VSF), and the Dean of the University Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Dr John Harding Chinner (who attended VSF and graduated as dux in 1931, Rhodes Scholar \- 1939), an agreement was finally reached whereby the university took over the administration of VSF at the end of 1980, using both the Creswick and its main Parkville (Melbourne) campus. In 1978, a new Chairman of the commission was appointed and Alan Threader took a lead role in cementing the new arrangement. As part of the agreement, the Commission ceased offering its Diploma course on condition that the university taught two years of its four-year degree course at Creswick. In the transition period, twelve VSF students completed their first year of the Diploma course in 1979 then transferred to the second year of the Degree course at Melbourne University in 1980. But the era of vocational training in government institutions gave way to university education and the generous fully funded scholarships from the Forests Commission came to an end.

VSF was then renamed the School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences but retained a basic degree structure, increased the variety of courses, again including diplomas, and greatly extending research, from honours and masters projects to PhDs and post-doctoral level.  Numerous international students studied at Creswick, other faculties and organisations also used the campus, and a timber trade training centre was established nearby.

Later in 1982, saw the appointment of Ian Ferguson as Foundation Professor of Forest Science.

The school celebrated its centenary in 2010 and while the tempo has slowed the Creswick campus remains a major center of Australian forest science.

## VSF emblem

The colours and emblem for the Victorian School of Forestry were designed in 1916 when Charlie Carter became the Principal. He remained Principal until 1926.

It was a joint effort with the students. Significantly, it was decided by Mr Carter and the students that the institution at Creswick should be a School rather than a college. So it could have easily been VCF.

The motto Circumspice, which is Latin for “look around you”, was suggested by Mr Carter who believed that foresters should always be observant.

The plant in the design is *Acacia mollissima* (black wattle) the bark of which was used extensively as a source of tannin used in the leather industry at the time.

The boomerang beneath the crown was incorporated as another Australian element.

This information was provided in a letter dated March 1973 to the Principal at VSF, Alan Eddy by Sibley Elliott who was a student in 1916 when the emblem was designed.

## Principals (1910-1981)

The following table lists the Principals of the Victorian School of Forestry, from the institution's opening in 1910 until its merger with the University of Melbourne in 1980.

| Dates | Principal | Qualifications | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910-12 | Vacant |  |  |
| 1913-15 | Thomas Stephan Hart | M.A., M.C.E. | Formerly Professor of Geology and Mining at the Ballarat School of Mines. |
| 1916-19 | Charles Earnest Carter | B Ag. Sc., Dip. Ed | Charles Earnest Carter became Senior Master, seconded from the Department of Public Instruction, where he was a high-school teacher. During his first few years at Creswick, Carter completed a Diploma in Education and a Degree in Agriculture at the University of Melbourne. |
| 1920-22 | William Wilson Gay | Dip. Ag. Sc | Appointed while Charles Earnest Carter attended Yale University to study for the two-year Master of Forestry degree. |
| 1923-26 | Charles E Carter | M.F. (Yale), B. Ag. Sc. | Resumed position as Principal upon returning from Yale. |
| 1927 | Karl V M Ferguson | M.A., B Sc. (Forestry) | Appointed when Charles Earnest Carter transferred to the new Australian Forestry School (AFS) in Canberra. Ferguson later transferred to the University of Melbourne in 1944 as senior lecturer. |
| 1928-51 | Dr Edwin James (E J) Semmens, MBE | B.Sc., Dip, Ed., F.L.S. | Edwin James Semmens was invited to become Principal of VSF during a difficult stage of its development. Principal for 23 years, E.J. as he was known introduced a broad curriculum for the three-year, residential course, set high standards and made himself available outside normal working hours to guide the study habits and interests of his students. He was awarded an OBE in 1968 for his services to the forestry and the community together with honorary Doctorate of Forest Science from the University of Melbourne in 1977. |
| 1951-56 | Dr Frank Robert Moulds, Imperial Service Order, AO | Ph.D. (Yale), B.Sc., Dip. For. (Cres) | Frank Moulds graduated from VSF in 1933 and went on to study a Bachelor of Science at the University of Melbourne. After several years as a field forester he was appointed Principal of VSF in 1951 but left at the end of 1956 to study a PhD at Yale on a Sterling Scholarship. Later becoming Chairman of the Forests Commission in 1969 he led negotiations with Dr John Harding Chinner from the University of Melbourne over the future tertiary training of foresters in Victoria. He was elected Fellow of the Institute of Foresters. |
| 1957-69 | William (Billo) Litster | B. Sc. (Hons.) (Forestry) | Originally from Peebles in Scotland. Studied B.Sc. at Edinburgh University. Served 41 years (1928-1969) lecturing students at VSF including 18 years as Principal. Made many modifications to the school grounds, arboretums and the swamp in 1968 |
| 1969-77 | Alan R Eddy | M.F. (Calif.), B.Sc. For., Dip. For. (Cres.) | VSF graduate of 1948. Spent time at various field locations. Studied for a Masters of Forestry at California in 1958 on a Fulbright scholarship. Lecturer at the school from 1954 to 1966. Returned as Principal at the beginning of 1969. Considerable expertise in wood technology. Fellow of the Institute of Foresters (IFA). Oversaw a decade of significant changes to the school including the first women students in 1976 and certificate program for FCV forest overseers. |
| 1978-81 | Dr James (Jim) Edgar | B. Sc. For, M.Sc. (US), PhD (U.Michigan), Dip. For. (Cres.) | Principal 1978–1981. Oversaw the initial transition of VSF to the University of Melbourne. |
| 1980 |  |  | 1980 saw the graduation of the last group of VSF's three-year diplomates, bringing the total to 522 since the School's inception. Affiliation of the School moves from the FCV to Melbourne University. ‘Transition’ phase continues. |
| 1981-92 | Robert (Bob) G. Orr, OAM. | Dip. For. (Oxon.), B.Sc. For. (Melb.), Dip. For (Cres), Dip. Ed. (Monash) | Bob Orr became Principal in 1981. He had been senior lecturer at VSF since 1969 and acted in the Principal's role when Dr Edgar was on assignment elsewhere. Active in the local community, particularly on the Board of the Creswick District Hospital and John Curtin Aged Care and later as a Hepburn Shire Councillor (Mayor 1997). From 1981 - University students now undertake the Second and Third Years, of the four-year degree course, at Creswick. School continues to be used for training by Victorian agencies. |
| 1984 |  |  | Renamed - Victorian School of Forestry and Land Management (VSFLM) |
| 1992 | Dr Ross Squire | Ph.D. (Melb), M.F For (Melb), B.Sc. For.(Melb), Dip. For. (Cres.) | Dr Squire was noted for his work in the FCV research branch studying the long-term productivity of pine plantations and silviculture of eucalyptus. Campus renamed - School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences. |
| 1994-2004 |  |  | The university and the (then) Victorian Department of Conservation and Natural Resources form a jointly-owned company, limited by guarantee, to carry forward the management of the Creswick School site. This arrangement survives until 2004, when the university assumes direct control of the site. |

37°25′20″S 143°53′56″E / 37.42236°S 143.89894°E / -37.42236; 143.89894

## InfoBox

| Victorian School of Forestry | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Creswick<br>Victoria<br>Australia | |
| Information | |
| Other name | School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences |
| Motto | Circumspice - to look around you |
| Established | 1910 |
| Founder | Forests Commission Victoria |
| Closed | 1980 - Merged with University of Melbourne |


title: Operation Mend

abstract: UCLA Operation Mend is a medical partnership established in October 2007 between Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas, and the V.A.-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System that provides reconstructive surgery to U.S. military personnel that have been severely wounded during service in Iraq and Afghanistan. The project aims to serve as a model for other medical institutions interested in helping wounded service members. The project was developed by Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center board member and philanthropist Ronald A. Katz, who was moved to develop Operation Mend after he saw a story about U.S. Marine Aaron Mankin who experienced disfiguring injuries after a road-side bomb ripped through their vehicle on a convoy in Iraq. Mankin would later be Operation Mend’s first patient. As of 2011, 53 military patients from various military branches had surgeries led by Timothy A. Miller, M.D., Chief of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at UCLA, who is also a military veteran. Operation Mend procedures include: plastic surgery, orthopaedic reconstruction, urology and otolaryngology to reconstruct severely damaged limbs, radiation oncology, dermatology, neurology, ophthalmology and medical tattooing. Additionally, the project has included the Maxillofacial/Dentistry Department at UCLA, where several patients have had new prosthetic ears designed for them. Operation Mend patients also have access to the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, which includes access to the program's mental wellness program, which incorporates neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and psychiatric evaluations and treatment plans.

text:
# Operation Mend

**UCLA Operation Mend** is a medical partnership established in October 2007 between Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas, and the V.A.-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System that provides reconstructive surgery to U.S. military personnel that have been severely wounded during service in Iraq and Afghanistan. The project aims to serve as a model for other medical institutions interested in helping wounded service members.

The project was developed by Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center board member and philanthropist Ronald A. Katz, who was moved to develop Operation Mend after he saw a story about U.S. Marine Aaron Mankin who experienced disfiguring injuries after a road-side bomb ripped through their vehicle on a convoy in Iraq. Mankin would later be Operation Mend’s first patient.

As of 2011, 53 military patients from various military branches had surgeries led by Timothy A. Miller, M.D., Chief of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at UCLA, who is also a military veteran.

Operation Mend procedures include: plastic surgery, orthopaedic reconstruction, urology and otolaryngology to reconstruct severely damaged limbs, radiation oncology, dermatology, neurology, ophthalmology and medical tattooing. Additionally, the project has included the Maxillofacial/Dentistry Department at UCLA, where several patients have had new prosthetic ears designed for them.

Operation Mend patients also have access to the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, which includes access to the program's mental wellness program, which incorporates neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and psychiatric evaluations and treatment plans.

## Philanthropic support

Operation Mend relies on philanthropic donations from business members, community and public donors to care for military patients. It is approximately $500,000 for a wounded warrior to receive a patient evaluation, plastic and reconstructive surgeries, transportation, housing for multiple treatments and other services needed to provide care.

With the help of philanthropic support, Operation Mend has been able to fund over 190 surgeries, schedule 863 appointments, provide 3,876 days of lodging at UCLA’S Tiverton House and provide over 1,000 flight accommodations for patients and their family members.

## Notable donations

In October 2011, General Motors donated a 2011 Chevrolet Camaro convertible that was custom designed by the auto restyling business West Coast Customs. The Camaro had a customized camouflage paint design that represents all branches of the U.S. military. The car was auctioned live at the Mecum Auto Auction in Dallas, Texas. The winning bid of $333,000 was made by Ben Mecum on behalf of the Mecum family and the entire Mecum organization. Auction participants Tom Abrams of Reliable Carriers and Ray Claridge of Cinema Vehicle Services each added a $10,000 donation. Reliable Carriers also donated complimentary transport of the vehicle to and from the event. Donations from other buyers, sellers and spectators in the crowd raised an additional $13,000; bringing the total donation from the event to $366,000. The Operation Mend Camaro served as the grand marshal car in New York City's Veterans Day Parade on Nov. 11, 2011. Operation Mend founder Ronald A. Katz, Operation Mend patient Captain James "Jae" Barclay and Camaro owner Ben Mecum all served as special grand marshals for the New York City Veteran’s Day Parade on Nov. 11.

In April 2011, the aerospace and defense company Lockheed Martin donated $4 million to the Operation Mend Project. The donation allowed additional patients to have various surgical procedures and support the renovation of the surgical waiting room and the pre- and post-operative recovery areas at UCLA. The renovation included adding four private patient recovery suites, four new surgical suites and a telemedicine video conference center for patients and their families.

In July 2010, DRS Technologies, Inc., a supplier of integrated products, services and support to military forces, intelligence agencies and prime contractors, raised over $1,000,000 through employee donations to support Operation Mend. As of 2011, DRS Technologies had donated over $1,080,000 to Operation Mend.


title: Union Railway (Bronx)

abstract: The Union Railway Company of New York City was chartered in 1892, and consolidated several streetcar transit franchises across Manhattan and The Bronx in New York City in the late 19th century. The Harlem Bridge, Morrisania and Fordham Railway combined with the North Third Avenue and Fleetwood Park Railway and the Melrose and West Morrisania Railroad to form the nucleus of the Union Railway in 1892. All lines were electrified the same year. Union Railway was acquired by Third Avenue Railroad Company in 1898, which was later reorganized as the Third Avenue Railway.

text:
# Union Railway (Bronx)

The **Union Railway Company of New York City** (often shortened to **Union Railway**) was chartered in 1892, and consolidated several streetcar transit franchises across Manhattan and The Bronx in New York City in the late 19th century. The **Harlem Bridge, Morrisania and Fordham Railway** (established in 1863) combined with the **North Third Avenue and Fleetwood Park Railway** and the **Melrose and West Morrisania Railroad** to form the nucleus of the Union Railway in 1892. All lines were electrified the same year. Union Railway was acquired by **Third Avenue Railroad Company** in 1898, which was later reorganized as the **Third Avenue Railway**.

## Bronx Traction Company

The **Bronx Traction Company** was formed in 1904 to consolidate the **West Farms and Westchester Traction Company**, the **Wakefield and Westchester Traction Company**, the **Williamsbridge and Westchester Traction Company**, the **Van Nest, West Farms and Westchester Traction Company**, and the **Suburban Traction Company**. Bronx Traction was leased to the Union Railway, which was in turn acquired by Third Avenue Railway.

## Southern Boulevard Railroad

Chartered in 1885, the **Southern Boulevard Railroad** came under the control of the Union Railway, and subsequently operated by Third Avenue Railway after 1898. No rolling stock was assigned to this line, with all equipment and employees provided by the Union Railway.

## Westchester County

Formed in 1898 to take over the old **New York, Elmsford and White Plains Railway**, the **Tarrytown, White Plains and Mamaroneck Railway** connected its namesake cities in suburban Westchester County. Acquired by the Union Railway, it was sold to Third Avenue Railway in 1900.


title: Orbitsville Departure

abstract: Orbitsville Departure is a novel by Bob Shaw published in 1983.

text:
# Orbitsville Departure

***Orbitsville Departure*** is a novel by Bob Shaw published in 1983.

## Plot summary

*Orbitsville Departure* is a novel which is a sequel to *Orbitsville*.

## Reception

Dave Pringle reviewed *Orbitsville Departure* for *Imagine* magazine, and stated that "It does not hold up as well as the earlier book, suffering from a rather rushed *denouement* which ought to have boggled the mind but for some reason did not. Nevertheless Shaw is the most readable of writers and like all his books this one entertains."

## Reviews


title: Arbëni Council

abstract: The Arbeni Council was a synod of the Catholic Church held in Mërqia, three kilometers north of present-day Lezhë, on 14–15 January 1703, to affirm the position of the Catholic Church in Albania and to stem the tide of conversions to Islam.

text:
# Arbëni Council

The **Arbeni Council** (Albanian: *Kuvendi i Arbënit*) was a synod of the Catholic Church held in Mërqia, three kilometers north of present-day Lezhë, on 14–15 January 1703, to affirm the position of the Catholic Church in Albania and to stem the tide of conversions to Islam.

## Background

The conference was organized during the reign of Pope Clement XI Albani (r. 1700–1721), himself of Albanian origin, and was held under the direction and in the presence of the Croatian archbishop Vincentius Zmajevich (1670–1745) of Bar, who was “apostolic visitor” of Albania, Serbia, and Macedonia. The council was attended by about 200 Catholic dignitaries to discuss the state of the Church, prevent further conversions to Islam, and settle serious property disputes among the various parishes. Both the opening speech by Zmajevich and the resolutions taken by the council were made in Albanian. The records of the meeting, which are of historical, linguistic, and ecclesiastical significance, were sent to Rome for papal inspection and published in Albanian and Latin by the Propaganda Fide in 1706, with the assistance of Francesco Maria Da Lecce O.F.M. They constitute an important source of our knowledge of the language of northern Albania in the early 18th century.

## History

In 1871 Archbishop of Antivar and Scutari, Carlo Pooten organized a second albanian council.

The third albanian council was held in 1895.

## InfoBox

Arbeni Council
| Kuvendi i Arbënit | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Formation | 14 January 1703 (1703-01-14) |
| Purpose | To affirm the position of the Catholic Church in Albania and to stem the tide of conversions to Islam. |
| Location |  |


title: Naoki Yamamoto (manga artist)

abstract: Naoki Yamamoto Naoki Yamamoto is a Japanese manga artist. In his early years, he also used pen names Tō Moriyama and Mori Tōyama for his earlier adult-oriented works. He was born in Matsumae District, Fukushima, Hokkaido and graduated from Waseda University's Department of Literature.

text:
# Naoki Yamamoto (manga artist)

**Naoki Yamamoto** (山本 直樹, *Yamamoto Naoki*) is a Japanese manga artist. In his early years, he also used pen names **Tō Moriyama** (森山 塔, *Moriyama Tō*) and **Mori Tōyama** (塔山 森, *Tōyama Mori*) for his earlier adult-oriented works. He was born in Matsumae District, Fukushima, Hokkaido and graduated from Waseda University's Department of Literature.

## Bibliography

(Manga works as Tou Moriyama not listed)

* (1984) *Hora Konna ni Akaku Natteru*
* (1986) *Makasensasei!*
* (1986) *Happa 64* (はっぱ64)
* (1987) *Kiwamete Kamoshida*
* (1988) *Gomen ne B-Boy*
* (1989) *Asatte Dance* (あさってDance); English translation: *Dance till Tomorrow* (1999)
* (1990) *Blue*
* (1992) *Bokura wa minna ikite iru*
* (1992) *Young & Fine*
* (1992) *Flakes* (フレイクス)
* (1993) *Yume de aimashou*
* (1993) *Kamoshida-kun Fight!*
* (1994) *Kimi to itsu made mo*
* (1994) *Koke Dish*
* (1994) *Summer Memories*

## Contributed works

* *Angelium* (OVA): Color Checking
* *Dark* (OVA): Finishing Supervision
* *Hooligan* (OVA) : Finishing
* *Sousei no Aquarion* (TV) : Digital Paint (ep 6)

## Under the name Tō Moriyama

* *Cream Lemon* (くりいむレモン) (OVA)
    + "Tō Moriyama Special I: Five Hour Venus"
    + "Tō Moriyama Special II: Afterschool XXX"
    + "Tō Moriyama Best Hit: It May Be So"
* *Body Jack Tanoshii Yūtai Ridatsu* (ボディジャック 楽しい幽体離脱) (OVA)