title: Hitch Hike (song)

abstract: "Hitch Hike" is a 1962 song by Marvin Gaye, released on the Tamla label. Another song Gaye co-wrote. The single was successful enough to land Gaye his first top forty pop single in 1963 with "Hitch Hike" reaching number thirty on the pop singles chart while reaching number twelve on the R&B singles chart.

text:
# Hitch Hike (song)

"**Hitch Hike**" is a 1962 song by Marvin Gaye, released on the Tamla label. Another song Gaye co-wrote (this time with Clarence Paul and William "Mickey" Stevenson).

The single was successful enough to land Gaye his first top forty pop single in 1963 with "Hitch Hike" reaching number thirty on the pop singles chart while reaching number twelve on the R&B singles chart.

## Background

This time instead of confessing to being stubborn, the singer is now hitchhiking on the look out for his girl, who he feels has run so far that he has to travel "around the world" thinking of places she could have found herself at including St. Louis, "Chicago City Limits" and "L.A."

The song sparked a brief dance craze when audience members from *American Bandstand* performed the "hitch hike" dance. Marvin performed the song on the show and also did the move onstage. The dance was also performed during Marvin's performance of the song in the *T.A.M.I. Show*. *Cash Box* described it as "a fetching, shuffle beat cha cha blueser...that the chorus-backed Gaye decks out in potent r&b-pop style." Like "Stubborn", Martha and the Vandellas accompanied Gaye on this song.

## Personnel

## Cover versions

## Influences

## InfoBox

| "Hitch Hike" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Marvin Gaye | |
| from the album  *That Stubborn Kinda Fellow* | |
| B-side | "Hello There Angel" |
| Released | December 19, 1962 |
| Recorded | 1962; Hitsville, USA, Detroit, Michigan |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 2:32 |
| Label | Tamla |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | William "Mickey" Stevenson |
| Marvin Gaye singles chronology | |
| "Stubborn Kind of Fellow"
(1962) "**Hitch Hike**"
(1962) "Pride and Joy"
(1963) | |


title: La Paz traffic zebras

abstract: The La Paz traffic zebras, locally known as Educadores Urbanos Cebras, are a group of "urban educators" dressed in one-piece zebra costumes. The "zebras", at-risk youth employed by the city government, work to calm traffic and educate citizens in road safety. Founded in La Paz, Bolivia, the program has since expanded in scope and been implemented in several other Bolivian cities.

text:
# La Paz traffic zebras

The **La Paz traffic zebras**, locally known as ***Educadores Urbanos Cebras*** ("Zebra Urban Educators"), are a group of "urban educators" dressed in one-piece zebra costumes. The "zebras", at-risk youth employed by the city government, work to calm traffic and educate citizens in road safety.

Founded in La Paz, Bolivia, the program has since expanded in scope and been implemented in several other Bolivian cities.

## Background

The La Paz traffic zebra program was founded in 2001, in response to growing traffic concerns caused by rural flight in Bolivia and the resulting increase in commuter traffic. Antanas Mockus, who founded a similar mime-based program in the 1990s as mayor of Bogotá, consulted with Pablo Groux on designing the traffic zebras. The zebras, or *cebritas* (a choice inspired by "zebra crossings", or *"pasos de cebra"*), were conceived of as a humorous way to educate citizens about road safety, on the theory that drivers might respond better to their mockery than to normal law enforcement.

The program initially employed just 24 "zebras", with two people in each zebra suit. These early zebras policed the streets, directing traffic with whistles and flags. As the program developed and grew, the suits were redesigned to single-person outfits which could navigate traffic more easily, and the zebras' techniques shifted more towards humor and encouragement.

## Program

The traffic zebra program works with local youth organizations to employ at-risk teens and young adults. The young people, who are employed part-time by the La Paz city government, are given two months of training, paid the local minimum wage, and provided with health insurance. In addition, the program offers them access to classes, mentorship, and training in job skills for future employment. A "Zebra for a Day" (*"Cebra Por Un Día"*) program also allows locals and tourists to try working as a traffic zebra.

Zebras encourage safe driving behavior at pedestrian crossings and traffic lights, often through antics like lying across the hood of a car stopped in a crosswalk, in addition to more standard methods like distributing leaflets and directing traffic. Their mission has expanded to include citizen education on topics besides road safety, such as recycling, water conservation, noise pollution, and bullying. Zebras make appearances at schools, hospitals, nursing homes, homeless shelters, television shows, and street festivals. In 2006, the program added "donkeys" as a negative counterpart to the friendly zebras; the donkeys were later discontinued.

As of 2017, the program had employed over 3000 local youth, at a rate of more than 250 each year. Sister programs in Tarija, Sucre, and El Alto bring the total number of zebras working at any given time to more than 400.

## Impact

The traffic zebras were declared a cultural asset by the city of La Paz in 2014, and by UNESCO in 2015. In 2016, they received the Guangzhou International Award for Urban Innovation in the "safe and accessible cities" category.

A children's book based on the La Paz traffic zebras, *Mateo Y La Cebra Que Buscaba Un Paso de Peatones* ("Mateo and the Zebra who was Looking for a Crosswalk"), was published in 2018. The zebras themselves have performed a similar play, "*Mateo y su cebra*" ("Mateo and his Zebra"), at local events. A national television show, "The Z", depicts the life of a young man who works as a traffic zebra.

In 2017, John Oliver featured the traffic zebras on his show Last Week Tonight, discussing their impact on the traffic in La Paz and inviting viewers to add videos of dancing zebras to unpleasant news stories. La Paz mayor Luis Revilla invited Oliver to visit the city and participate in the "Zebra for a Day" program, an invitation Oliver declined on-air in favor of dancing with a costumed zebra. In 2020, in collaboration with the United States Postal Service, Oliver released a sheet of stamps which included the zebras among other popular characters presented in the show.


title: Trichilia magnifoliola

abstract: Trichilia magnifoliola is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Trichilia magnifoliola

***Trichilia magnifoliola*** is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Trichilia magnifoliola* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Genus: | *Trichilia* |
| Species: | ***T. magnifoliola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichilia magnifoliola***
Pennington | |
|


title: How to Grow Rich

abstract: How to Grow Rich is a 1793 comedy play by the British writer Frederic Reynolds. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 18 April 1793. The original London cast included William Thomas Lewis as Pave, John Quick as Smalltrade, Joseph Shepherd Munden as Sir Thomas Roundhead, John Fawcett as Latitat, William Blanchard as Hippy, Alexander Pope as Warford, William Farren as Sir Charles Dazzle, William Cubitt as Plainly, James Thompson as Formal, Samuel Simmons as Sir Thomas' servant, Jane Pope as Lady Henrietta, Harriet Pye Esten as Rosa and Charlotte Chapman as Miss Dazzle. The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 1 July 1793.

text:
# How to Grow Rich

***How to Grow Rich*** is a 1793 comedy play by the British writer Frederic Reynolds. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 18 April 1793. The original London cast included William Thomas Lewis as Pave, John Quick as Smalltrade, Joseph Shepherd Munden as Sir Thomas Roundhead, John Fawcett as Latitat, William Blanchard as Hippy, Alexander Pope as Warford, William Farren as Sir Charles Dazzle, William Cubitt as Plainly, James Thompson as Formal, Samuel Simmons as Sir Thomas' servant, Jane Pope as Lady Henrietta, Harriet Pye Esten as Rosa and Charlotte Chapman as Miss Dazzle. The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 1 July 1793.

## Bibliography

* Greene, John C. *Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6*. Lexington Books, 2011.
* Nicoll, Allardyce. *A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume IV*. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

## InfoBox

| How to Grow Rich | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Written by | Frederic Reynolds |
| Date premiered | 18 April 1793 |
| Place premiered | Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, London |
| Original language | English |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Setting | A seaport in England, present day |


title: Virginia State Route 729

abstract: State Route 729 in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 729.

text:
# Virginia State Route 729

**State Route 729** (**SR 729**) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties. The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 729.

## List

| County | Length
(mi) | Length
(km) | From | Via | To | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Accomack | 0.75 | 1.21 | US 13 (Lankford Highway) | Finney Mason Lane | Dead End |  |
| Albemarle | 7.12 | 11.46 | SR 618 (Martin King Road) | Buck Island Road

Milton Road | US 250 (Richmond Road) |  |
| Amherst | 0.75 | 1.21 | Dead End | Chestnut Lane | SR 610 (New Glasgow Road) |  |
| Augusta | 0.40 | 0.64 | SR 766 (Reeves Road) | Hog Run Road | Rockingham County line |  |
| Bedford | 0.20 | 0.32 | SR 617 (Pike Road) | Bobblett Gap Road | Dead End |  |
| Botetourt | 0.30 | 0.48 | SR 43 (Narrow Passage Road) | Britt Lane | Dead End |  |
| Campbell | 0.46 | 0.74 | Dead End | Pleasant Hill Road | US 501 (Campbell Highway) |  |
| Carroll | 1.00 | 1.61 | SR 851 (Meadowlark Road) | Happy Hollow Road | Dead End |  |
| Chesterfield | 1.37 | 2.20 | SR 605 (Moseley Road) | Ahem Road

Lacy Farm Road | SR 605 (Moseley Road) |  |
| Dinwiddie | 0.53 | 0.85 | SR 661 (Boisseau Road) | Spriggs Road | Dead End |  |
| Fairfax | 0.30 | 0.48 | SR 236 (Little River Turnpike) | Roberts Avenue | Dead End |  |
| Fauquier | 3.47 | 5.58 | SR 688 (Leeds Manor Road) | Carrington Road | SR 55 (John Marshall Highway) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 724 |
| Franklin | 0.25 | 0.40 | SR 730 (Dans Road) | Larry Dale Road | Dead End |  |
| Frederick | 0.40 | 0.64 | SR 664 (Jordan Springs Road) | Morrisons Road | SR 761 (Old Charles Town Road) |  |
| Halifax | 3.49 | 5.62 | SR 716/SR 1323 (Dan River Church Road) | Bellevue Road

Daniels Trail | Dead End |  |
| Hanover | 1.75 | 2.82 | SR 680 (Woodson Mill Road/Shiloh Church Road) | Hollowing Creek Road | SR 658 (Tyler Station Road) |  |
| Henry | 0.65 | 1.05 | Dead End | Rea Road | SR 634 (Joppa Road) |  |
| James City | 0.20 | 0.32 | SR 728 (Raleigh Square Road) | Albemarle Drive | SR 728 (Raleigh Square Road) |  |
| Loudoun | 4.96 | 7.98 | Dead End | Shelburne Glebe Road | SR 662 (Loudoun Orchard Road) |  |
| Louisa | 0.12 | 0.19 | Dead End | South Main Street | SR 1015 |  |
| Mecklenburg | 1.40 | 2.25 | North Carolina state line | Winston Road | SR 735 (Averett Church Road) |  |
| Montgomery | 1.00 | 1.61 | SR 612 (High Rock Hill Road) | Sunflower Road | Dead End |  |
| Pittsylvania | 22.89 | 36.84 | Danville city limits | Kentuck Road

Mount Tabor Road

Pickaway Road

Red Road | SR 698 (Stone Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 360

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 57 |
| Prince George | 0.40 | 0.64 | Dead End | Kurnas Lane | SR 156 |  |
| Pulaski | 0.63 | 1.01 | Dead End | Wilson Grove Road | SR 620 (Gum Log Road) |  |
| Roanoke | 0.15 | 0.24 | SR 668 (Yellow Mountain Road) | Gearhart Road | Dead End |  |
| Rockbridge | 6.05 | 9.74 | SR 39 (Maury River Road) | Unnamed road | SR 724 (Hays Creek Road) | Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 712

Gap between segments ending at different points along SR 726 |
| Rockingham | 1.00 | 1.61 | Augusta County line | Cam Bell Road | SR 613 (Jordan Hill Road) |  |
| Scott | 0.05 | 0.08 | Dead End | Boatdock Lane | SR 645 (Manville Road) |  |
| Shenandoah | 2.60 | 4.18 | SR 614 (South Middle Road) | Garber Road | SR 263 (Orkney Grade) |  |
| Spotsylvania | 0.19 | 0.31 | US 1 (Jefferson Davis Highway) | Hill Street | US 1 Bus |  |
| Tazewell | 0.58 | 0.93 | Dead End | Ray Road | SR 629 (Daw Road) |  |
| Washington | 0.67 | 1.08 | US 58 (Jeb Stuart Highway) | Azen Road | SR 602 (Azen Road) |  |
| Wise | 0.05 | 0.08 | SR 78 | Andover Road | SR 728 |  |

## InfoBox

| State Route 729 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |


title: Nothotalisia

abstract:
Nothotalisia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Picramniaceae. Its native range is Panama to Bolivia and Northern Brazil. Species:
  - Nothotalisia cancellata W.W.Thomas
  - Nothotalisia peruviana (Standl.) W.W.Thomas
  - Nothotalisia piranii W.W.Thomas

text:
# Nothotalisia

***Nothotalisia*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Picramniaceae.

Its native range is Panama to Bolivia and Northern Brazil.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Nothotalisia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Picramniales |
| Family: | Picramniaceae |
| Genus: | *Nothotalisia*<br>W.W.Thomas |
|


title: Miia Kivipelto

abstract: Miia K. Kivipelto is a Finnish neuroscientist and professor at the University of Eastern Finland and Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Her research focuses on dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

text:
# Miia Kivipelto

**Miia K. Kivipelto** (born 1973) is a Finnish neuroscientist and professor at the University of Eastern Finland and Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Her research focuses on dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

## Early life and education

Kivipelto was born in Alajärvi, Finland in 1973. She studied medicine at the University of Kuopio (now University of Eastern Finland) and received her MD in 1999, specializing in geriatrics. She received her PhD in 2002 after defending her dissertation on vascular risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. In a 2017 interview, Kivipelto attributed her interest in dementia, Alzheimer's, and diseases of aging to her close relationship with her grandmother, who developed Alzheimer's when she was young.

Kivipelto held a post-doctoral fellowship at the Karolinska Institute from 2002–2005. In 2006, Kivipelto was appointed associate professor of neuroepidemiology at the University of Kuopio. Kivipelto became a senior lecturer at the Karolinska Institute (KI) in 2010 and was appointed professor of clinical geriatric epidemiology there in 2011. She is a deputy director of the KI Aging Research Center and the KI Memory Clinic clinical trial unit at the Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge.

## Research

Kivipelto studies the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of dementia, which is a decline in cognitive function strongly associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Her research has identified connections between memory disorders and vascular risk factors such as high blood lipids and high blood pressure, as well as general health risk factors such as poor physical fitness and obesity. Kivipelto published a composite risk score to predict dementia risk based on these factors in 2006 following the **Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE)** population-based study.

From 2009–2011, Kivipelto led the **Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER)** clinical trial, which demonstrated that a multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring may preserve cognitive functioning in elderly people with high dementia risk. She currently leads the World Wide FINGERS initiative, which aims to replicate multi-domain dementia prevention trials and share data internationally.

## Awards and honors

Kivipelto has received several awards for her work:


title: HSwMS Uppland (J17)

abstract: HSwMS Uppland was a Öland-class destroyer which served with the Royal Swedish Navy. Larger and more stable than previous Swedish destroyers, the vessel was launched on 15 December 1948. Armament was based around two twin mounting for semi-automatic 120 mm (4.7 in) guns, an extensive anti-aircraft defence of seven 40 mm (1.6 in) and eight 20 mm (1 in) guns and a quadruple 375 mm (15 in) anti-submarine rocket launcher, as well as torpedoes and mines. The ship was upgraded in 1963, which involved the addition of a helicopter platform amongst other alterations, and reclassified as a frigate in 1974, until ultimately being retired on 1 July 1978 as part of a strategy to remove larger combat vessels from the fleet.

text:
# HSwMS Uppland (J17)

**HSwMS *Uppland*** was a *Öland*-class destroyer which served with the Royal Swedish Navy. Larger and more stable than previous Swedish destroyers, the vessel was launched on 15 December 1948. Armament was based around two twin mounting for semi-automatic 120 mm (4.7 in) guns, an extensive anti-aircraft defence of seven 40 mm (1.6 in) and eight 20 mm (1 in) guns and a quadruple 375 mm (15 in) anti-submarine rocket launcher, as well as torpedoes and mines. The ship was upgraded in 1963, which involved the addition of a helicopter platform amongst other alterations, and reclassified as a frigate in 1974, until ultimately being retired on 1 July 1978 as part of a strategy to remove larger combat vessels from the fleet.

## Design and development

*Uppland* was the second and final Öland or Province class destroyer built for the Royal Swedish Navy. The ship was named after the Swedish province. Using lessons learned from the Second World War, the vessel was larger than previous Swedish designs. The design had a double hull, which, along with the larger size, meant that the class was more stable at sea. The hull was fulling welded, apart from armour plate, which was positioned around the engine room. The superstructure was also protected by light armour.

The destroyer had a length overall of 112 metres (367 ft 5.4 in) and 107 m (351 ft 0.6 in) between perpendiculars, a beam of 11.2 m (36 ft 8.9 in) and a draught of 3.4 m (11 ft 1.9 in). Displacement was 1,880 tonnes (1,850 long tons; 2,070 short tons) standard and 2,400 t (2,400 long tons; 2,600 short tons) full load. Power was provided by two Penhoët boilers feeding two de Laval geared steam turbines rated at 44,000 shaft horsepower (33,000 kW) and driving two shafts. Design speed was 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). A single funnel was fitted. 300 long tons (300 t) of oil were carried, giving a design range of 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph). The ship's complement was 210 officers and ratings.

As-built the armament consisted of four Bofors 120 mm (4.7 in) semi-automatic dual-purpose guns in two twin M/44 dual-purpose mounts on the ship's centreline, one on the forecastle and one aft. The guns could elevate to 80°. Anti-aircraft defense consisted of seven 40 mm (1.6 in) guns in 2 twin water cooled and power operated Hazemeyer stabilized mounts, one twin power operated mount with air cooled guns and one single hand-worked mount at the bow. Twin mountings were protected by splinter shields. Close range AA armament was completed with eight single mounts for Bofors 20 mm M/40 anti-aircraft guns arranged around the forward superstructure and funnel. Within a few years this was reduced to 4. Anti-submarine warfare armament consisted of four depth charge throwers and two depth charge racks.Torpedo armament was based on two triple mounts for 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes. The vessel was also equipped for laying mines, carrying 60. Mid-life refits saw the L60 40mm guns replaced by six 40mm L70 guns in single mounts and removal of all 20mm. A Squid ASW mortar was added.

## Construction and career

*Uppland* was ordered on 26 November 1943 and laid down at the Naval Yard at Karlskrona shortly afterwards. Launched on 15 November 1946, the ship was commissioned on 31 January 1948. The vessel was designed to act as part of a flotilla of destroyers under the command of the light cruisers of the *Tre Kronor*-class, the last of which had been commissioned during the previous month.

The destroyer underwent upgrades in 1954 and 1963. The latter modernisation was extensive including fitting a new bridge and adding a platform for a helicopter. The light anti-aircraft guns were subsequently removed in 1964. In 1974, the vessel was reclassified as a frigate. In the meantime, sensors had been fitted and, by that year, *Uppland* was equipped with a Thomson-CSF Saturn S band long range radar, a navigation set and two Hollandse Signaalapparaten M45 fire-control radars.

Meanwhile, in 1972, the Riksdag decided to retire the existing fleet of frigates and cruisers, and focusing instead on a larger number of smaller and more nimble fast attack craft. *Uppland* was subsequently removed from the Naval List on 1 July 1978. The ship departed from Lysekil on 10 January 1981 and sailed to Gijón, Spain, to be broken up.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Blackman, Raymond V B (1960). *Jane's Fighting Ships 1960–61*. London: Sampson Low. OCLC 946722815.
* Borgenstam, Curt; Insulander, Per; Kaudern, Gösta (1989). *Jagare: med Svenska flottans jagare under 80 år* (in Swedish). Västra Frölunda: Marinlitteratur. ISBN 978-9-19707-004-1.
* Ericson, Stig H:son (1966). *Knopar på logglinan* (in Swedish). Stockholm: Bonnier. OCLC 186625773.
* Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (1980). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946*. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5.
* Leitenberg, Milton (1987). *Soviet Submarine Operations in Swedish Waters, 1980-1986*. Washington, D.C: Center for Strategic and International Studies. ISBN 978-0-27592-841-4.
* Moore, John Evelyn (1974). *Jane's Fighting Ships 1974–75*. London: Sampson Low. ISBN 978-0-35400-506-7.
* Palmstierna, C (1972). "Swedish Torpedo Boats & Destroyers". *Warship International*. **9** (1): 59–77.
* Silverstone, Paul H (1981). "Naval Intelligence". *Warship International*. **18** (2): 157–163.
* Wangel, Carl-Axel (1982). *Sveriges Militära Beredskap 1939-1945* (in Swedish). Stockholm: Militärhistoriska. ISBN 978-9-18526-620-3.
* Whitley, M. J. (2000). *Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia*. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.

## InfoBox

| HSwMS *Uppland* underway in 1947 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Sweden | |
| Name | *Uppland* |
| Namesake | Uppland |
| Ordered | 26 November 1943 |
| Builder | Karlskronavarvet |
| Launched | 15 November 1946 |
| Completed | 31 January 1948 |
| Decommissioned | 1 July 1978 |
| Fate | Scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Öland*-class destroyer |
| Displacement | * 1,880 tonnes (1,850 long tons; 2,070 short tons) standard * 2,400 tonnes (2,400 long tons; 2,600 short tons) full load |
| Length | 112 m (367 ft 5.4 in) o/a |
| Beam | 11.2 m (36 ft 8.9 in) |
| Draught | 3.4 m (11 ft 1.9 in) |
| Propulsion | * 2 Penhoët boilers * 2 geared de Laval geared steam turbines, 44,000 shp (33,000 kW) |
| Speed | 35 kn (40.3 mph; 64.8 km/h) |
| Range | 2,500 nmi (4,600 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h) |
| Complement | 210 |
| Armament |  |


title: Hitch-22

abstract: Hitch-22: A Memoir is a memoir written by author and journalist Christopher Hitchens. The book was published in May 2010 by Atlantic Books in the UK and June 2011 by Twelve, an imprint of Hachette Book Group USA, and was later nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award. The planned worldwide tour for the book was cut short later the same month during the American leg so that the author could begin treatment for newly diagnosed esophageal cancer. Through the book's publisher and in the magazine for which he was a regular contributing editor, Vanity Fair, Hitchens announced: 'I regret having had to cancel so many engagements at such short notice.'

text:
# Hitch-22

***Hitch-22: A Memoir*** is a memoir written by author and journalist Christopher Hitchens.

The book was published in May 2010 by Atlantic Books in the UK and June 2011 by Twelve, an imprint of Hachette Book Group USA, and was later nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award. The planned worldwide tour for the book was cut short later the same month during the American leg so that the author could begin treatment for newly diagnosed esophageal cancer. Through the book's publisher and in the magazine for which he was a regular contributing editor, *Vanity Fair*, Hitchens announced: 'I regret having had to cancel so many engagements at such short notice.'

## Description

Hitchens initially found the book hard to write: 'I found it fantastically difficult. Normally, when I'm writing, I'm making an argument, making a case. Also, when I'm writing, I'm trying to see how much I can pack into 5,000 words about a subject. But here's a subject I know too much about.' But he eventually produced a manuscript that was twice the length of the version finally published.

Hitchens used his memoir to discuss several incidents that were later picked up by reviewers and the media as notable for their revelatory nature: as a contemporary at Oxford University of the then-student Bill Clinton (who later became the American President), he knew that Clinton's later avowal that 'I did not inhale' in regard to marijuana was based on Clinton's allergy to smoke; but Hitchens also states that Clinton's consumption was via 'cookies and brownies'; that during the writing of Martin Amis's novel, *Money*, Hitchens and Amis visited a New York brothel so that Amis could research the experience; that during an encounter at a party with the then British Leader of the Opposition, Margaret Thatcher, she proceeded to 'spank Hitchens directly on the buttocks' and call him a 'Naughty boy!'

## New foreword

The paperback edition of the book, published in 2011, featured a new foreword by Hitchens which mentions his newly diagnosed cancer: "I suffer from Stage Four oesophageal cancer," he writes. "There is no Stage Five." And "I hope it will not seem presumptuous to assume that anybody likely to have got as far as acquiring this paperback edition of my memoir will know that it was written by someone who, without appreciating it at the time, had become seriously and perhaps mortally ill... When the book was published, I had just turned sixty-one. I am writing this at a moment when, according to my doctors, I cannot be certain of celebrating another birthday."

## Critical reception

Comments from critic Dwight Garner's article in *The New York Times* Book Review are quoted on the back cover. "Electric and electrifying... He has a mind like a Swiss Army knife, ready to carve up or unbolt an opponent's arguments with a flick of the wrist." and "It is a fascinating, funny, sad, incisive, and serious narrative...' by Alexander Waugh of *The Spectator*.

Hitchens died of esophageal cancer in 2011, aged 62. His autobiography received positive reviews, and some critics felt his prose was impressive and wit was incisive.

## InfoBox

Hitch-22
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Christopher Hitchens |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Autobiography |
| Publisher | Twelve Books, Atlantic Books (UK) |
| Publication date | 20 May 2010 (UK) June 2, 2011 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Hardcover, paperback, audiobook |
| Pages | 448<br>(inc 24 pages of photographs) |
| ISBN | 978-0-446-54033-9 |
| OCLC | 464590644 |
| Dewey Decimal | 920.073 |
| LC Class | CT275.H62575 A3 2010 |


title: Nova Gente

abstract: Nova Gente is a weekly celebrity and society magazine published in Queluz, Lisbon, Portugal. The magazine has been in circulation since 1976.

text:
# Nova Gente

***Nova Gente*** is a weekly celebrity and society magazine published in Queluz, Lisbon, Portugal. The magazine has been in circulation since 1976.

## History and profile

*Nova Gente* was established in 1976. The magazine is the successor of *Flama*, another magazine. *Nova Gente* is part of the Impala Group, which also owns *Maria*, a women's magazine. Jacques Rodrigues is the owner of the company which also publishes *Nova Gente* on a weekly basis. The headquarters of *Nova Gente* is in Queluz, Lisbon.

*Nova Gente* is a tabloid publication and offers society/celebrity-related content for adult women.

Humberto Simões is one of the former editors-in-chief of *Nova Gente*.

## Circulation

*Nova Gente* sold 185,000 copies between January and September 2000. In 2003 the circulation of the magazine was about 200,000 copies.

Its circulation was 144,000 copies in 2007, making it the best-selling magazine in its category in Portugal. The weekly sold 127,728 copies in 2010 and 121,231 copies in 2011. The circulation of the magazine was 112,753 copies in 2012. Between September and October 2013 it was 101,175 copies.

## InfoBox

*Nova Gente*
| Categories | * Celebrity magazine * Society magazine |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Founded | 1976 (1976) |
| Company | Impala |
| Country | Portugal |
| Based in | Lisbon |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Website | *Nova Gente* |


title: Rock Paintings of Bayanhaote

abstract: Rock Paintings of Bayanhaote or Rock Paintings of Bayanhot, also known as Bayanhaote Rock Paintings or Bayanhot Rock Paintings, are images carved into the rocks of Bayanhaote, Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia. Petroglyphs Complexes of Bayanhaote includes three rock painting sites, such as Rock Paintings of Halawugoukou (哈喇乌沟口岩画), Rock Paintings of Zheyao Mountain (折腰山岩画) and Rock Paintings of Huoshaoquan (火烧圈岩画). In 2018, Alashan League built the Bayanhot Petroglyphs Heritage Park (巴彦浩特岩画遗址公园) in Helan Grassland (贺兰草原), where Bayanhot Petroglyphs are more concentrated.

text:
# Rock Paintings of Bayanhaote

**Rock Paintings of Bayanhaote** or Rock Paintings of Bayanhot (simplified Chinese: 巴彦浩特岩画; traditional Chinese: 巴彥浩特岩畫; pinyin: *Bāyànhàotè Yánhuà*), also known as Bayanhaote Rock Paintings or **Bayanhot Rock Paintings**, are images carved into the rocks of Bayanhaote, Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia.

Petroglyphs Complexes of Bayanhaote includes three rock painting sites, such as Rock Paintings of Halawugoukou (哈喇乌沟口岩画), Rock Paintings of Zheyao Mountain (折腰山岩画) and Rock Paintings of Huoshaoquan (火烧圈岩画).

In 2018, Alashan League built the Bayanhot Petroglyphs Heritage Park (巴彦浩特岩画遗址公园) in Helan Grassland (贺兰草原), where Bayanhot Petroglyphs are more concentrated.

## Creation periods

From the production methods and contents of the petroglyphs, these rock paintings were carved from the Late Neolithic to Qing dynasty, with a large span of time.

## Discoveries

In 2013, Petroglyphs Complexes of Bayanhaote (巴彦浩特岩画群) first appeared in the lens of a hiking photographer in Bayanhot.

In 2017, Cultural Relics Management Bureau of Alxa Left Banner (阿拉善左旗文物管理局) newly discovered an ancient petroglyphs complexes created 2000 years ago in Bayanhot Town (巴彦浩特镇), which was named "Bayanhot Rock Paintings", with a total area of about 12 square kilometers.

## InfoBox

Bayanhot Petroglyphs
| Location | Western foot of Helan Mountains, Alxa Left Banner |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Periods | Late Neolithic to Qing dynasty |


title: Trichilia lovettii

abstract: Trichilia lovettii is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania.

text:
# Trichilia lovettii

***Trichilia lovettii*** is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania.

## InfoBox

| *Trichilia lovettii* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Genus: | *Trichilia* |
| Species: | ***T. lovettii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichilia lovettii***
Cheek | |
|


title: How to Grow a Band

abstract: How To Grow A Band is a 2011 music documentary film about the early days of American progressive bluegrass band Punch Brothers. The film stars Chris Thile, Gabe Witcher, Noam Pikelny, Chris Eldridge, Paul Kowert and Greg Garrison and features interviews with a number of notable musicians including Yo-Yo Ma, John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin, Jerry Douglas, bassist Edgar Meyer and Sara Watkins. The film's structure tracks mandolinist Chris Thile's ambitious four movement suite, "The Blind Leaving the Blind" as it follows the band on their first tour as Punch Brothers in the United Kingdom and United States in early 2008 leading up to a triumphant performance at Jazz at Lincoln Center's Allen Room in New York. How to Grow A Band was directed by Mark Meatto and produced by Michael Bohlmann and Mark Meatto and edited by Purcell Carson and Mark Meatto. Daniel Algrant and Bert Keely were executive producers. The film premiered at the 2011 Nashville Film Festival.

text:
# How to Grow a Band

**How To Grow A Band** is a 2011 music documentary film about the early days of American progressive bluegrass band Punch Brothers. The film stars Chris Thile, Gabe Witcher, Noam Pikelny, Chris Eldridge, Paul Kowert and Greg Garrison and features interviews with a number of notable musicians including Yo-Yo Ma, John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin, Jerry Douglas, bassist Edgar Meyer and Sara Watkins. The film's structure tracks mandolinist Chris Thile's ambitious four movement suite, "The Blind Leaving the Blind" as it follows the band on their first tour as Punch Brothers in the United Kingdom and United States in early 2008 leading up to a triumphant performance at Jazz at Lincoln Center's Allen Room in New York.

*How to Grow A Band* was directed by Mark Meatto and produced by Michael Bohlmann and Mark Meatto and edited by Purcell Carson and Mark Meatto. Daniel Algrant and Bert Keely were executive producers. The film premiered at the 2011 Nashville Film Festival.

## Development

Development of the film began in the summer of 2007 when producer Michael Bohlmann and director Mark Meatto approached the band members while they were recording their debut album Punch and preparing for their first tour as Punch Brothers. Bohlmann had grown up in Southern California with Punch Brothers fiddle player Gabe Witcher.

## Production

Principal photography began in October 2007 in New York City. The filmmakers followed the band during their first tour as Punch Brothers starting in the United Kingdom including performances at Celtic Connections in Glasgow, Scotland and Bush Hall in London, England. The film follows the band as their tour continues in United States.

## Release

The film premiered at the 42nd Nashville Film Festival in Nashville, Tennessee on April 15, 2011. The film also screened as part of the 38th Annual Telluride Bluegrass Festival in June 2011, the Newport Folk Festival in July 2011, Hardly Strictly Bluegrass in October 2011, the 2012 Vancouver International Film Festival and the CBGB Film Festival in New York. *How to Grow a Band* opened theatrically in New York April 12, 2012 and screened in cities the US throughout 2012. The film was released digitally by Cinedigm in April 2013 on iTunes, Netflix, Hulu and other platforms in the US and UK.

## DVD release

Following a successful Kickstarter campaign, the film was released in 2014 on DVD and Blu-Ray in a 2-disc deluxe edition that includes the 90 minute film plus a second disc featuring 3 hours of previously unreleased footage and bonus material.

## Reception

*How To Grow A Band* received a majority of positive reviews from critics. Joe Leydon of Variety called the film "most fascinating as it tactfully charts the sort of artistic and philosophical differences that can eventually undermine any group endeavor, even among seemingly like-minded collaborators." Nicolas Rapold of the New York Times notes "Meatto’s framing tends to catch the musicians’ give-and-take, merging and dueling notes onstage, especially at a Manhattan concert that is the film’s highlight." Joan Radell of Paste Magazine called the film "masterful filmmaking" and named the film one of the 10 Best Music Documentaries of 2012 New York Magazine named the film a "Critic's Pick" noting that "the music is both challenging and heavenly". Dustin Ogdin wrote for No Depression "HTGAB is not just a film of concert footage or a "behind the scenes" clip collection"; it is a portrait of the creative process.". Some other reviews of the film were less favorable. Slant Magazine writer Joseph Jon Lanthier noted that "One can’t speak of Mark Meatto’s documentary profile, How to Grow a Band, without starting squarely with Thile, because the movie is unsurprisingly devoted to peddling the up-and-comer as something daring, something new.". Marshall Fine of *Hollywood & Fine* said "'How to Grow a Band' misses its chance to enlighten, choosing instead to promote.

## InfoBox

| How to Grow a Band | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Mark Meatto |
| Produced by | * Michael Bohlmann * Mark Meatto |
| Starring |  |
| Edited by | * Mark Meatto * Purcell Carson |
| Music by | Punch Brothers |
| Production<br>company | Shaftway Productions |
| Distributed by | * International Film Circuit (USA/Theatrical) * Cinedigm (USA/Digital) |
| Release date | * April 15, 2011 (2011-04-15) (Nashville) |
| Running time | 89 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Museo della figurina

abstract: The Museo della figurina is a museum dedicated to collectible cards. Opened on December 15, 2006, it is located inside Palazzo Santa Margherita, in Modena, Italy.

text:
# Museo della figurina

The **Museo della figurina** (*Collectible Card Museum*) is a museum dedicated to collectible cards. Opened on December 15, 2006, it is located inside Palazzo Santa Margherita, in Modena, Italy.

## History

The Collectible cards museum was born for the collector's will and passion by Giuseppe Panini, the founder of the Panini Group and the creator of the renewal of the collectible cards in the modern sense, who wanted to support his product through a small print story gathering, since the beginning of his business, hundreds of thousands of small prints from all over the world, similar to the figurine for technique or function.

The collection expanded to such an extent as to become, in 1986, a museum located within the company itself. In 1992 Giuseppe Panini decided, in agreement with the company and the Municipality of Modena, to donate the collection, which has become one of the most important in the world in its city, the world's capital of the collectible cards, a museum that could document its origins and development to the most modern production techniques.

Over the years to follow, the museum's activities focused on the cataloging of the collection, consisting of about 500,000 cards, on its expansion and its dissemination through publications and thematic exhibitions.

## The rooms

The layout includes a permanent section divided into the following main areas:

* The antecedents: recurring iconographic themes;
* Chromolithography: the advent of chromolithographic printing and the path from the sketch to the card;
* The birth and spread: from the dawn of the card in the second half of the nineteenth century in France until the prizes in Italy in the thirties of the twentieth century;
* Liebig: the world's most famous collection of cards;
* Not just collectible cards: barber calendar, cigarette cards, placemarks, menus, sealing stamps, hotel labels and other smaller collections;
* The modern collectible cards: the cards dedicated to the world of sport, especially to football, and the spread of albums in the post-war period.

The museum is set up in a large exhibition hall, where there are six cabinets, corresponding to six large albums to browse. In them, the whole story of cards has been traced back to the most innovative production techniques. Each wardrobe corresponds to a precise path, marked by original prints and objects, for a total of 2,500 pieces, which are part of the museum's heritage (about 500,000 cards in total). In addition to the real cards that represent the main part of the collection, Giuseppe Panini wanted to represent the whole world of small color prints: English cigarettes cards, cigar cords, boxes matches, menus and hotel labels, candy papers, barber calendar, and 80,000 stamp stamps.

For the exhibition purpose, the Museum usually organizes temporary exhibitions, which propose a specific theme. There is also a workshop for didactic activities and a specialized library in the Museum.

* "Official website".
* "Nei musei del Bel Paese. Il Museo della figurina di Modena".
* http://dobreplastiki.com/

## InfoBox

Collectible Card Museum
| Museo della figurina | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former name | Collezione Panini |
| Established | 15 December 2006 (2006-12-15) |
| Location | Palazzo Santa Margherita, Modena, Italy |
| Collections | Collectible cards |
| Collection size | 500,000 |
| Founder | Giuseppe Panini |
| Owner | City of Modena |
| Website | www.comune.modena.it/museofigurina |


title: Hungladder

abstract: Hungladder is a small village on north west coast of the Trotternish peninsula in Kilmuir, Portree, Isle of Skye, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. The village of Uig, lies 5 miles to the south.

text:
# Hungladder

**Hungladder** is a small village on north west coast of the Trotternish peninsula in Kilmuir, Portree, Isle of Skye, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. The village of Uig, lies 5 miles to the south.

## InfoBox

| Hungladder | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Wheel at Camas Mor Looking over the bay towards the houses at Bornesketaig and Hungladder. | |
| HungladderLocation within the Isle of Skye | |
| OS grid reference | NG347732 |
| Council area |  |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Postcode district | IV51 9 |
| Dialling code | 01470 |
|  | |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
|  | |
| UK Parliament | * Ross, Skye and Lochaber |
| Scottish Parliament | * Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch |
|


abstract: Jefferson Township High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Jefferson Township, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Jefferson Township Public Schools. The school is located in the Oak Ridge section of the township. As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 826 students and 91.0 classroom teachers, for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. There were 74 students eligible for free lunch and 21 eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

text:
# Jefferson Township High School (New Jersey)

**Jefferson Township High School** is a four-year comprehensive community public high school, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Jefferson Township, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Jefferson Township Public Schools. The school is located in the Oak Ridge section of the township.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 826 students and 91.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. There were 74 students (9.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 21 (2.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

## History

Before the high school opened, more than 450 students in grades 9-12 were sent out-of-district and allocated to attend Butler High School, Franklin High School, Morris Hills High School or Randolph High School. With the receiving schools no longer able to accommodate township students, the district initiated work on a facility that would cost $2.4 million (equivalent to $24.4 million in 2023). The school opened in September 1964.

## Awards, recognition and rankings

The school was the 121st-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in *New Jersey Monthly* magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 211th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 158th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 167th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 152nd in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state. Schooldigger.com ranked the school 186th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (a decrease of 31 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the two components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA), mathematics (79.2%) and language arts literacy (93.0%).

## Athletics

The Jefferson Township High School Falcons compete in the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference, a high school athletic conference comprised of schools in Morris, Sussex and Warren counties, that was created following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). Prior to the NJSIAA's 2009 realignment, the school had competed in the Sussex County Interscholastic League, which was primarily based in Sussex County with some schools in Morris County. With 706 students in grades 10–12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group II for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 486 to 758 students in that grade range. The football team competes in the Patriot Blue division of the North Jersey Super Football Conference, which includes 112 schools competing in 20 divisions, making it the nation's biggest football-only high school sports league. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group II North for football for 2024–2026, which included schools with 484 to 683 students.

The school participates with Sparta High School in a joint ice hockey team in which Kinnelon High School is the host school / lead agency. The co-op program operates under agreements scheduled to expire at the end of the 2023–24 school year.

The boys cross country running team won the Group I state championship in 1975 and won the Group II title in 1996.

The football team won the NJSIAA North II Group II state sectional championships in 1986 and 1987, and the North I Group II title in 2008. The 1986 team finished the season with an 11–0 record after winning the North II Group II state title with a 26–14 defeat of Dover High School in the championship game. In 2008, the team defeated Dover by a score of 28–14 to win the North II Group II state championship. The team won the 2008 North I, Group II state championship, defeating West Essex High School by a score of 21–6.

The girls track team won the Group II state indoor relay championship in 1990.

The wrestling team won the North II Group II state sectional title in 1991-1996 and 2000, together with three consecutive Group II state titles from 1992 to 1994 The wrestling team the program's third consecutive Group II state titlein 1994 with a 45–14 win against Buena Regional High School. The team held the #1 ranking in the *USA Today* Super 25 national rankings during the 1993 season.

The girls' basketball team won the Group II state championship in 1992, defeating previously undefeated Middle Township High School by a score of 51–42 in the tournament final and advanced to the Tournament of Champions seeded fourth before falling 41–40 in the quarterfinals to fifth-seeded Egg Harbor Township High School to finish the season with a record of 28–4.

The 2001-2002 boys varsity swim team won their first Morris County Championship four years after establishing a team under head coach Brian Palumbo. The 2009-2010 boys varsity swim team won the inaugural NJAC Northern Division Championship by going 8–0 in the conference under coach Scott Davis and Karen Gaba.

The softball team won the Group III state championship in 2003 (vs. Hamilton High School West in the finals) and won the 2004 Group II state title, defeating Sterling High School 2–0 in the championship game.

The ice hockey team won the Haas Cup in 2007.

The girls cheerleading team won the final Sussex County Interscholastic League champions in 2008 against defending champions the Vernon Vikings. The 2008-09 and the 2011-2012 teams won the National Championship title which was held in Baltimore.

The girls track and field team won their divisional, county and conference titles in spring of 2013. Their 100-meter relay team was also two-time county champions, 2013 group champions, as well as the county record holder.

## Controversy

A former teacher received $500,000 in an age discrimination suit filed against the school district, after claiming that she had been subjected to a pattern of harassment when she decided not to retire, despite having had received consistent positive evaluations from supervisors in previous years. The board of education had until the end of January 2012 to decide on an appeal of the verdict.

Students and other members of the public came to an October 2010 board meeting to express their support for Kirsten Smith, a teacher who had been suspended with pay after the district claimed that she had violated policies related to testing.

## Administration

The school's principal is Kevin Lipton.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Jefferson Township High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1010 Weldon Road
Jefferson Township, Morris County, New Jersey 07438
United States | |
| Coordinates | 41°01′10″N 74°33′00″W / 41.019448°N 74.549868°W / 41.019448; -74.549868 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Established | September 1964 |
| School district | Jefferson Township Public Schools |
| NCES School ID | 340780004264 |
| Principal | Kevin Lipton |
| Faculty | 91.0 FTEs |
| Grades | -12 |
| Enrollment | 826 (as of 2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 9.1:1 |
| Color(s) | Navy Blue
gold
white |
| Athletics conference | Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference (general)
North Jersey Super Football Conference (football) |
| Team name | Falcons |
| Website | www.jefftwp.org/Domain/8 |


title: Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe

abstract: The Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe (ISBN 0-8128-1446-0) was a travel guide, by "Australian expatriate" Ken Welsh, and first published in 1971 in the UK by Pan Books. A first American edition was published in 1972 by Stein and Day, New York, NY, US. The book has been described as "providing valuable guidance for either the first-timer or the repeater" in Europe, the Eastern Bloc nations, Turkey, North Africa, and the Middle East and a "guide and compendium of advice for seeing Europe by the skin of your teeth".

text:
# Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe

The ***Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe*** (ISBN 0-8128-1446-0) was a travel guide, by "Australian expatriate" Ken Welsh, and first published in 1971 in the UK by Pan Books. A first American edition was published in 1972 by Stein and Day, New York, NY, US. The book has been described as "providing valuable guidance for either the first-timer or the repeater" in Europe, the Eastern Bloc nations, Turkey, North Africa, and the Middle East and a "guide and compendium of advice for seeing Europe by the skin of your teeth".

## Contents

### Countries/regions

Factual information on specific countries/regions was broken down into (using the book's original chapter headings):

### Further sections

Further information was broken down into sections on:

* How to hitch (including the warning: "there's a dark side too, and it comes when you're 27 miles from nowhere in the middle of a black night with rain drenching you and you have no tent and no cover")
* When *not* to hitch
* How to make money go further
* How to get in and out of a strange town and what to do when you're there
* Photography hints
* International Student Identity Cards
* Embassy and Student Association addresses
* Youth Hostels
* Black markets
* Selling and pawning items

## Editions

The book is long out of print, though it may be found in used-book shops. Updated editions were printed in 1974, 1975, 1980, 1984, 1986 (with the full title *Hitchhiker's Guide to Europe: The 1986 Guidebook for People on a Hitchhiking Budget*), and an edition in 1988 had the subtitle "How to See Europe by the Skin of Your Teeth." The book was co-edited by Katie Wood from 1993 and the final edition appeared in 1996.

The book promised that any other ways of saving money would be accepted as a submission by the publishers and printed with a credit in subsequent editions.

### U.S. edition

In the US edition's introduction it states that it is possible to survive a trip in Europe on less than twenty-five US dollars per week. The US edition also included such information as US dollar to other currency exchange rates (current as of January 1972), weight and measurement conversion charts, and brief lists of phrases and numbers for French, German, Spanish and Italian.

## Criticism

While *Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe*, like Let's Go travel guides (1960–) and the Lonely Planet guides (1973–), praised thriftiness, Liz Olsen criticised its advocacy of "stinginess and sneakiness" and noted: "It's alright to try to 'do' Europe on the cheap, but when you must resort to charity soup line-ups in London's Trafalgar Square, or earn money for food while begging, or find yourself sleeping in a wet German graveyard, warily watching for the police", then it would have made more sense to first stay at home and earn enough money to pay for "a sleep and shower in youth hostels".

While accepting Welsh's useful advice for the impecunious hitchhiker ("if you're broke, pawn your watch; you sell your blood; you sell your sleeping-bag"), Anthony Hern criticises the book's "flippiness" when he "seeks to deal with the conventional", such as the things to see ("In Paris he says of the Notre Dame: 'Worth looking through'").

## Legacy

The book was "the first of a wave of budget travel guides that liberated a generation" of young people by providing "priceless information" and "travel inspiration". Similar books and series included the BIT guides (1970), Paul Coopersmith's *Rule of Thumb* (Simon & Schuster, 1973), Tony Wheeler's *Across Asia on the Cheap* (Lonely Planet, 1973), and Hilary and George Bradt's *Backpacking along Ancient Ways in Peru and Bolivia* (Bradt Travel Guides, 1974).

The title of the book inspired the title of Douglas Adams's *The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy*.

## Further reading


title: Hymenophyllum rarum

abstract: Hymenophyllum rarum, the narrow filmy-fern, is a species of fern from the family Hymenophyllaceae. This thin-leaved fern is commonly found in New Zealand and Tasmania, growing in patches on rocks and is epiphytic on trees and tree ferns, growing in moist gullies or rainforests. A rather drought tolerant species often found at exposed sites ranging from coastal to montane areas. Forming extensive, interwoven and creeping patches with its thin long (creeping) rhizomes sparsely covered in red-brown hairs, easily recognised by its membranous grey-green fronds, the smooth margins of the pinnae, ultimate segments and indusia; and by the sunken sori in the uppermost segments of the uppermost pinnae. The species can be found throughout Tasmanian rainforests as well as occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and New Zealand on the North and South Islands as well as, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands.

text:
# Hymenophyllum rarum

***Hymenophyllum rarum*** (Hymen-O-FIL-lum rare-um), the **narrow filmy-fern**, is a species of fern from the family Hymenophyllaceae. This thin-leaved fern is commonly found in New Zealand and Tasmania, growing in patches on rocks and is epiphytic on trees and tree ferns, growing in moist gullies or rainforests. A rather drought tolerant species often found at exposed sites ranging from coastal to montane areas. Forming extensive, interwoven and creeping patches with its thin long (creeping) rhizomes sparsely covered in red-brown hairs, easily recognised by its membranous grey-green fronds, the smooth margins of the pinnae, ultimate segments and indusia; and by the sunken sori in the uppermost segments of the uppermost pinnae. The species can be found throughout Tasmanian rainforests as well as occurring in New South Wales, Victoria and New Zealand on the North and South Islands as well as, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands.

## Etymology

***Hymenophyllum*:** Membranous leaf, from the Greek *hymen* and *phullon*.

***rarum*:** thin-leaved; from the Latin *rarus*.

## Description

The narrow filmy-fern is distinct by its long thin, creeping rhizome, membranous fronds, that grow in moist areas. Fronds are pale grey-green, and the entire plant is glabrous (devoid of hairs). Fronds are pendant and up to 15 cm long; stipe to 20–70 mm long, very thin, black; rachis winged in the uppermost section of the frond; lamina 1-pinnate 1–2-pinnatifid, pale green, and up to 100 mm in length and 10–25 mm wide, with no toothed margins. Solitary sori borne at apex of segments, and sunken at the base but not tubular; a whorl or rosette of bracts surrounding the inflorescence or at the base of an umbel, shaped like a rhomboid, apex rounded or obtusely angled; receptacle slender, included. Indusium completely covers the sporangia, and splits apart when spores are ready to be dispersed by wind.

## Habitat and distribution

The narrow filmy-fern is found in rainforests, forming patches on rocks and is often epiphytic on trees and tree ferns in moist gullies. It is highly dispersed throughout the tropical and south temperate zones occurring across Australia in New South Wales and Victoria. This species can also be found in Tasmania and on the Bass Strait Islands, While being highly dispersed throughout New Zealand, occurring on North and South Islands as well as, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands. Occurring in coastal to montane habitats, this species is common in rainforests, scrub, shaded cliff faces or amongst boulders and damp gullies. Often growing amongst other filmy-ferns, this species closely resembles is relatives *H. cupressiforme* and *H. peltatum*. As with H. peltatum, the pinnae are often divided on only one side. Unlike both these species, however, the pinnae of *H. rarum* do not have serrated margins.

## Taxonomy and evolution

The family Hymenophyllaceae is a largely successful family under the division of Pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies). This family is commonly referred to as the filmy fern family, with around 670–700 named species, only 131 are accepted. Divided into two genera, *Hymenophyllum* and *Trichomanes*. The Genera are separated based on the sorus and gametophyte structures, particularly the indsium structure (membrane covering sorus) and the receptacle.

The Australian plants of H. rarum differ from their New Zealand counterparts with widely spaced pinnae rather than imbricating pale green pinnae. The Sori of the Australian *H. rarum* are not wholly sunken within the pinnae nor are they bound to the uppermost segments of the uppermost pinnae.

Members from the genus *Hymenophyllum* are all small, thin and delicate. They are either epiphytic plants or rock plants, forming dense patches or mats along rainforest floors. Members of this family most commonly occur in moist habitats with few members being able to withstand dryer conditions, in which they are able to later 'revive' themselves when moisture becomes readily available.

## InfoBox

| *Hymenophyllum rarum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Hymenophyllales |
| Family: | Hymenophyllaceae |
| Genus: | *Hymenophyllum* |
| Species: | ***H. rarum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hymenophyllum rarum***<br>R.Br. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mecodium flabellatum* | |


title: Ladd, Missouri

abstract: Ladd is an unincorporated community in northwestern Texas County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was located in Long Hollow, approximately 1.25 miles south of the Texas-Pulaski county line and about 1.75 miles northeast of Evening Shade. The Long Hollow church and cemetery are located about one-half mile south in Long Hollow and the historic Long Hollow school was located near the community site.

text:
# Ladd, Missouri

**Ladd** is an unincorporated community in northwestern Texas County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community was located in Long Hollow, approximately 1.25 miles south of the Texas-Pulaski county line and about 1.75 miles northeast of Evening Shade. The Long Hollow church and cemetery are located about one-half mile south in Long Hollow and the historic Long Hollow school was located near the community site.

## History

A post office called Ladd was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1922. The community has the name of Ladd Davis, the son of an early settler.

37°35′11″N 92°06′44″W / 37.58639°N 92.11222°W / 37.58639; -92.11222


title: Trinity Anglican Church (Ottawa)

abstract: Trinity Anglican Church is an Anglican church in central Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. As of September 2024, the incumbent is Mark Whittall.

text:
# Trinity Anglican Church (Ottawa)

**Trinity Anglican Church** is an Anglican church in central Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

As of September 2024, the incumbent is Mark Whittall.

## History

### Establishment

In January 1876, John Lewis, the Bishop of Ontario, asked T. W. Barry to call a special meeting of an *ad hoc* vestry. Henry O. Wood, John J. Smyth, W. J. Parry, and T. Garrett met in the Billings Bridge Temperance Hall, on the south bank of the Rideau River, just south of Ottawa, and moved to establish a new Church of England mission on the north bank of the river, to be called Trinity Church Mission. William Fleming held the first services of Trinity Church Mission at the Temperance Hall while the new church was being built.

Trinity was the third Anglican parish established in central Ottawa after St. Alban's 1865, and St. Bartholomew's 1867.

On 24 August 1879, H. B. Patton conducted the first service in a new log building. He served Trinity for three years.

### 20th century

A Ladies' Guild was formed on May 16, 1916.

Robert Turley served at Trinity from 1923 to 1944; he was the longest-serving incumbent at the church.

A new Trinity Church was opened on Easter Day (4 April) 1926 with Bishop John Charles Roper as celebrant. The original log building was dismantled and reassembled as the Church of St. Thomas the Apostle on Churchill Avenue in the village of Sawmill Creek (now Alta Vista Drive). The original Trinity cornerstone was reversed and re-laid at St. Thomas by the Bishop on July 31, 1928 with a new inscription, "St. Thomas 1927" facing outwards.

On Ash Wednesday (19 March) 1947, a fire devastated Trinity. The rebuilt church was opened on 29 September 1948.

A new auditorium was opened in 6 May 1958; it was named Turley Hall after Robert Turley.

### 21st century

Members of the church volunteer to serve Cornerstone, the Well, and the Centretown Churches Social Action Committee. Church members also founded and operate the Ottawa South Committee for Refugee Sponsorship.

The church runs an Intentional Christian Community for young people. It is based at the house beside the church building.

## Notable people

Wilfred H. Bradley became incumbent at Trinity in 1950, serving for 17 years. Bradley went on to become the first Archivist of the Diocese of Ottawa.

## Bibliography

* Morgan, Adelaide B; Gladish, Herbert E. (1999). *Reflections on the Past and Present of Trinity Anglican Church*. Ottawa, Ontario: Trinity Anglican Church.

45°23′27″N 75°40′27″W / 45.390714°N 75.674246°W / 45.390714; -75.674246

## InfoBox

| Trinity Ottawa | |
| --- | --- |
| Trinity Anglican Church (Ottawa) | |
| Sanctuary | |
|  | |
| Location | 1230 Bank Street<br>Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Denomination | Anglican Church of Canada |
| Churchmanship | Broad church |
| Website | www.trinityottawa.ca |
| History | |
| Dedication | Holy Trinity |
| Administration | |
| Province | Ontario |
| Diocese | Ottawa |
| Clergy | |
| Priest(s) | Mark Whittall |
| Laity | |
| Director of music | Fabien Tousignant |


title: Hunglish

abstract: Hunglish refers to any mixing of the English and Hungarian languages as a result of linguistic interference. This most often involves ungrammatical or awkward English expressions typical of Hungarian learners of English, as well as English words and phrases imported into the Hungarian language. The term is a portmanteau of Hungarian and English. The word is first recorded in 1978. The word is most popular in North England, especially in South Yorkshire. As the prominence and influence of the English language in Hungary increases, Hunglish has also come to refer to the indirect effect of English on the modern-day Hungarian language. Some Hungarians believe this effect to be a negative one, claiming that English influence causes Hungarians to make grammatical, orthographic, and stylistic errors in their own mother tongue, and that traditional Hungarian expressions and terms are being crowded out by ones derived from English. Other Hungarians see this phenomenon as a natural process of linguistic interaction, and believe that features imported from English into Hungarian should be regarded as linguistic developments, rather than grammatical errors.

text:
# Hunglish

**Hunglish** refers to any mixing of the English and Hungarian languages as a result of linguistic interference. This most often involves ungrammatical or awkward English expressions typical of Hungarian learners of English, as well as English words and phrases imported into the Hungarian language. The term is a portmanteau of *Hungarian* and *English*. The word is first recorded in 1978. The word is most popular in North England, especially in South Yorkshire.

As the prominence and influence of the English language in Hungary increases, Hunglish has also come to refer to the indirect effect of English on the modern-day Hungarian language. Some Hungarians believe this effect to be a negative one, claiming that English influence causes Hungarians to make grammatical, orthographic, and stylistic errors in their own mother tongue, and that traditional Hungarian expressions and terms are being crowded out by ones derived from English. Other Hungarians see this phenomenon as a natural process of linguistic interaction, and believe that features imported from English into Hungarian should be regarded as linguistic developments, rather than grammatical errors.

## Examples in English

Characteristic mistakes of Hungarians speaking English include:

* Use of verbs with inappropriate prepositional phrases *(e.g. "I remember to him," "I need to food")*. A wide variety of grammatical cases are used in Hungarian to express verb objects; these cases are then mistranslated based on common English translations in other contexts.
* Failure to capitalize proper nouns or adjectives *(e.g. "I have english class on monday")*. Many English proper nouns are considered common in Hungarian (such as days, months and languages); the grammar has no concept of proper adjectives at all.
* Omission of the word *is* *(e.g. "My name  Gábor")*.
* Ungrammatical use of reflexive pronouns *(e.g. "I feel myself good" rather than "I feel good"*).
* Use of third-person pronouns in the wrong gender *(e.g. "My mother bought himself a purse")*. Hungarian has only one third-person pronoun, *ő*, used for both male and female genders.
* Failure to use the imperfect tense, which does not exist in Hungarian *(e.g. "I slept when she arrived" rather than "I was sleeping when she arrived").*
* Overuse of the definite article *the* *(e.g. "the patience is a virtue"* *rather than "patience is a virtue").*

## Examples in Hungarian

* The Hungarian word *karakter* traditionally means "personality," but is now often used as in English to mean "character" as in "the main character of the novel."
* Words which are capitalized in English but traditionally not in Hungarian, such as days of the week and nationalities, are increasingly capitalized in Hungarian as well.
* *Idővonal*, a calque of the English "timeline" is increasingly used in place of the more traditional words *időrend* and *kronológia.*
* Terms that are split into two words in English are increasingly also split in Hungarian, such as *szoftver fejlesztő* (software developer) in place of the more traditional *szoftverfejlesztő.*
* *Egérpad* is often used to mean "mouse pad," superseding the original term *egéralátét* (lit. "mouse underlay"). Some Hungarians object to this term because the Hungarian *pad* means "bench," and e*gérpad* therefore literally translates to "mouse bench."


title: George Dod Armstrong

abstract: George Dod Armstrong was a Presbyterian minister and author born in Mendham, New Jersey. He was one of ten children by Amzi Armstrong, a Presbyterian pastor, and Polly Dod. George Armstrong graduated from Princeton University in 1832 and then taught school until he entered Union Theological Seminary, Virginia. He became a professor of chemistry and mechanics in 1838 at Washington College in Lexington, Virginia now Washington and Lee University. He taught there with Henry Ruffner and George Dabney. He held this position for thirteen years when he left to become pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Norfolk, Virginia. He remained here until his death in 1899. George Armstrong served as a chaplain in the Confederate States Army. In 1855 his family was nearly destroyed by Yellow Fever losing 3 children and his wife. In 1856 he authored a personal account of the epidemic: The Summer of the Pestilence.

text:
# George Dod Armstrong

**George Dod Armstrong** (September 15, 1813  May 11, 1899) was a Presbyterian minister and author born in Mendham, New Jersey. He was one of ten children by Amzi Armstrong, a Presbyterian pastor, and Polly Dod.

George Armstrong graduated from Princeton University in 1832 and then taught school until he entered Union Theological Seminary, Virginia. He became a professor of chemistry and mechanics in 1838 at Washington College in Lexington, Virginia now Washington and Lee University. He taught there with Henry Ruffner and George Dabney. He held this position for thirteen years when he left to become pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Norfolk, Virginia. He remained here until his death in 1899.

George Armstrong served as a chaplain in the Confederate States Army.

In 1855 his family was nearly destroyed by Yellow Fever losing 3 children and his wife. In 1856 he authored a personal account of the epidemic: *The Summer of the Pestilence.*

## Support of slavery

Armstrong was one of many American ministers and prominent Christians who vocally supported the institution of slavery and rejected abolitionism in the years prior to the Civil War. In his publication *The* *Christian Doctrine of Slavery*, Armstrong lays out his defense of the institution of slavery based on his reading of the Bible.

## Works

* *Politics and the Pulpit* 1856
* *The Christian Doctrine of Slavery* 1857 Full Text available at Internet Archive
* *Doctrine of Baptism* 1857
* *The Theology of Christian Experience* 1858
* *"The Good Hand of Our God Upon Us," a Thanksgiving Sermon Preached on the Occasion of the Victory of Manassas* 1861
* *The Sacraments of the New Testament as Instituted by Christ* 1880
* *The Two Books of Nature and Revelation Collated* 1886

* Starr, Harris Elwood. "Armstrong, George Dod." *Dictionary of American Biography.* Vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons. 1928.
* Worldcat.org


abstract: Jefferson Township is one of nine townships in Wells County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,841 and it contained 2,450 housing units.

text:
# Jefferson Township, Wells County, Indiana

**Jefferson Township** is one of nine townships in Wells County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,841 (up from 5,762 at 2010) and it contained 2,450 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 47.13 square miles (122.1 km2), of which 46.98 square miles (121.7 km2) (or 99.68%) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km2) (or 0.32%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

### Cemeteries

The township contains these three cemeteries: El Honan, Oak Lawn and Prairie View.

### Lakes

* Moser Lake

## School districts

* Northern Wells Community Schools

## Political districts

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
2. "Census Bureau profile: Jefferson Township, Wells County, Indiana". United States Census Bureau. May 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
3. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

## InfoBox

| Jefferson Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Wells County | |
| Coordinates: 40°52′17″N 85°09′07″W / 40.87139°N 85.15194°W / 40.87139; -85.15194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Wells |
| Government | |
| Type | Indiana township |
| Area | |
| Total | 47.13 sq mi (122.1 km2) |
| Land | 46.98 sq mi (121.7 km2) |
| Water | 0.15 sq mi (0.4 km2)  0.32% |
| Elevation | 833 ft (254 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 5,841 |
| Density | 120/sq mi (48/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 46731, 46777, 46791 |
| Area code | 260 |
| GNIS feature ID | 453503 |


title: Hitch (album)

abstract: Hitch is the third studio album by the Welsh alternative rock band the Joy Formidable. The album was released on 25 March 2016 by the C'mon Let's Drift label in the UK, and Caroline Records in the US.

text:
# Hitch (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *AllMusic* |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |

***Hitch*** is the third studio album by the Welsh alternative rock band the Joy Formidable. The album was released on 25 March 2016 by the C'mon Let's Drift label in the UK, and Caroline Records in the US.

## Background and recording

In comparison to the band's prior album, *Wolf's Law*, which was mainly written on the road while touring, *Hitch* was recorded in lead singer Ritzy Bryan's old family home, outside Mold in Wales.

## Release and promotion

A music video for the single "The Last Thing on My Mind" was released on 26 January 2016.

On 22 March 2016, the band previewed a stream of the entire album on their SoundCloud page.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "A Second in White" | 3:56 |
| 2. | "Radio of Lips" | 6:23 |
| 3. | "The Last Thing on My Mind" | 6:20 |
| 4. | "Liana" | 5:42 |
| 5. | "The Brook" | 5:50 |
| 6. | "It's Started" | 5:06 |
| 7. | "The Gift" | 3:20 |
| 8. | "Running Hands with the Night" | 6:56 |
| 9. | "Fog (Black Windows)" | 4:45 |
| 10. | "Underneath the Petal" | 5:45 |
| 11. | "Blowing Fire" | 4:22 |
| 12. | "Don't Let Me Know" | 7:37 |

Web store exclusive digital bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Passerby" | 6:42 |

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| *Billboard* Alternative Albums | 15 |
| *Billboard* Independent Albums | 14 |
| *Billboard* Rock Albums | 22 |
| UK Indie Albums Chart | 12 |

## InfoBox

| Hitch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Joy Formidable | |
| Released | 25 March 2016 (2016-03-25) |
| Recorded | Wales |
| Genre | Alternative rock, shoegazing, dream pop |
| Length | 66:02 |
| Label | C'mon Let's Drift (UK), Caroline (US) |
| Producer | The Joy Formidable |
| The Joy Formidable chronology | |
| *Wolf's Law*
(2013) ***Hitch***
(2016) *AAARTH*
(2018) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Hitch* | |
| 1. "The Last Thing on My Mind"
Released: 26 January 2016 (2016-01-26) | |
|  | |


title: Northwest Lancaster County River Trail

abstract: The Northwest Lancaster County River Trail is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The trail provides scenic views of both the Susquehanna River and area farmland. The centerpiece of the trail is Riverfront Park, which is located directly in the center of the trail and plays host to different meeting areas. The trail is open dawn to dusk, year round and may be used by walkers, joggers, cyclists, snowshoers and cross country skiers.

text:
# Northwest Lancaster County River Trail

**The Northwest Lancaster County River Trail** is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The trail provides scenic views of both the Susquehanna River and area farmland. The centerpiece of the trail is Riverfront Park, which is located directly in the center of the trail and plays host to different meeting areas. The trail is open dawn to dusk, year round and may be used by walkers, joggers, cyclists, snowshoers and cross country skiers.

## Historical development

### Historical significance

The Northwest River Trail is a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster county and the frontier of Dauphin County. The trail runs along the eastern portion of the old Main Line Canal system, which contributed to the transport of many different products throughout the state. The Charles Greenway section of the Northwest River Trail runs alongside or on part of the original canal way. In 2007 the Greenway was created through the strong leadership of the East Donegal Township supervisors and the assistance of Pennsylvania state grants. The majority of the land was donated to the township by the Charles family in honor of their father, who lived on the shores of the Susquehanna for many years. The modern day trail was completed in the fall of 2009 and has been open to the public ever since.

### Trail’s history and evolution

The earliest trail of the Charles Greenway was a small and unpaved hiking trail that stretched 2.3 miles. In 2009 the trail was widened, paved, and extended another 1.7 miles to better accommodate bikers and inline skaters. Currently the trail stretches to the northernmost tip of the township and ends close to the shops and Railroad House Inn on front street. Eventually the trail will connect to the Conoy Canal Trail in the north and the Chickies Rock trail in the south. The entire Northwest River Trail will eventually stretch 14 miles up and down the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County.

## Trail development

### Design and construction

All of the 11 miles of the Charles Greenway trail is paved. The trail was upgraded in 2010 from strictly a hiking trail to a multi-purpose trail accommodating hikers, bikers and inline skaters. The majority of the trail runs parallel to the Susquehanna River, the remaining portions of the trail cut into woodlands and agricultural lands providing scenic views throughout the trail. The trail finishes close to the shops on front street and the Railroad Inn.

### Trail Amenities

There is parking at both trail heads and Riverfront park, however there is only street parking near the Decatur street trail head located in Marietta. Restrooms are located at the Decatur street trail head. Riverfront Park is located midway through the trail. The park also has restrooms and a pavilion that can be rented out upon request. Currently East Donegal Township is looking into ways to create and finance more amenities for the trail and to extend the trail further into the township.

## Community

### Special events

In 2012 the Donegal Foundation hosted their first annual event at the Charles Greenway River Trail to raise money and awareness for the foundation. The event was a 5k race to raise awareness for the foundation and the event will be held at the trail annually. The Donegal Foundation and East Donegal township are the only major supporters of the Charles Greenway section of the Northwest River rail trail, but the township is currently looking to add more sponsors and create a better partnership with the other townships associated with the trail.

(Pictures provided by East Donegal Township Manager Jeffery L Butler)

## InfoBox

| Northwest Lancaster County River Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| Length | 14.0 mi (22.5 km) |
| Location | Lancaster County, Pennsylvania |
| Trailheads | Falmouth, Pennsylvania
40°07′09″N 76°42′31″W / 40.119207°N 76.708482°W / 40.119207; -76.708482
Columbia, Pennsylvania
40°01′49″N 76°30′27″W / 40.030275°N 76.507531°W / 40.030275; -76.507531 |
| Use | Hiking, bicycling, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing |
| Difficulty | Easy, ADA accessible |
| Season | Year-round, dawn to dusk |
| Hazards | Flooding in lower sections, traffic at road crossings, ice in Point Rock Tunnel |
| Surface | Asphalt |
| Website | http://nwrt.info/ |
| Trail map | |


title: Ladd, Virginia

abstract: Ladd is an unincorporated community in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. Ladd is located just outside the independent city of Waynesboro, Virginia and inside Augusta County. Founded in 1854, the only notable buildings of Ladd left as of 2005 are the Bethlehem Lutheran Church, the General Store, and two homes dating to the early 1900s.

text:
# Ladd, Virginia

**Ladd** is an unincorporated community in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. Ladd is located just outside the independent city of Waynesboro, Virginia and inside Augusta County. Founded in 1854, the only notable buildings of Ladd left as of 2005 are the Bethlehem Lutheran Church (built 1854), the General Store, and two homes dating to the early 1900s.

## InfoBox

| Ladd, Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Aerial view of Ladd | |
| Ladd, VirginiaLadd, Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 38°03′21″N 78°57′12″W / 38.05583°N 78.95333°W / 38.05583; -78.95333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Augusta |
| Elevation | 1,411 ft (430 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1484639 |


title: Trinity Allen

abstract: Trinity Allen is an American karateka. She won the silver medal in the women's 55 kg event at the 2021 World Karate Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In the semi-finals, she was injured by her opponent which left her unable to compete in the final and, as a result, she was awarded the silver medal. Two weeks later, she won the gold medal in her event at the 2021 Junior Pan American Games held in Cali, Colombia. In October 2021, Allen won the gold medal in her event at the Pan American Senior Championships held in Punta del Este, Uruguay. Allen won the bronze medal in the women's 55 kg event at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States. She was eliminated in her first match in the women's 55 kg event at the 2023 World Karate Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. Allen competed in the women's 55 kg event at the 2023 Pan American Games held in Santiago, Chile.

text:
# Trinity Allen

**Trinity Allen** (born February 22, 2001) is an American karateka. She won the silver medal in the women's 55 kg event at the 2021 World Karate Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In the semi-finals, she was injured by her opponent which left her unable to compete in the final and, as a result, she was awarded the silver medal. Two weeks later, she won the gold medal in her event at the 2021 Junior Pan American Games held in Cali, Colombia.

In October 2021, Allen won the gold medal in her event at the Pan American Senior Championships held in Punta del Este, Uruguay.

Allen won the bronze medal in the women's 55 kg event at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States. She was eliminated in her first match in the women's 55 kg event at the 2023 World Karate Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. Allen competed in the women's 55 kg event at the 2023 Pan American Games held in Santiago, Chile.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Rank | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | World Championships | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 2nd | Kumite 55 kg |
| 2022 | World Games | Birmingham, United States | 3rd | Kumite 55 kg |

## InfoBox

Trinity Allen
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| National team | USA |
| Born | (2001-02-22) February 22, 2001<br>Monroe, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Home town | Las Vegas, Nevada |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Sport | Karate |
| Weight class | 55 kg |
| Event | Kumite |
| Club | Hiro Karate |
| Medal record      Women's karate   Representing   United States   World Championships   2021 Dubai  Kumite 55 kg  World Games   2022 Birmingham  Kumite 55 kg  Junior Pan American Games   2021 Cali  Kumite 55 kg  Pan American Championships   2021 Punta del Este  Kumite 55 kg | |


title: Museo delle Grigne

abstract: The Museo delle Grigne is the civic museum of Esino Lario in Italy. It preserves and presents to the public a collection of natural history materials including fossils, minerals, representations of phytoclimatic areas of the lake, dioramas of animals, and a collection of Italian butterflies, as well as archaeological and ethno-anthropological artifacts.

text:
# Museo delle Grigne

The **Museo delle Grigne** (Museum of Grigna) is the civic museum of Esino Lario in Italy. It preserves and presents to the public a collection of natural history materials including fossils, minerals, representations of phytoclimatic areas of the lake, dioramas of animals, and a collection of Italian butterflies, as well as archaeological and ethno-anthropological artifacts.

## History

The Museo delle Grigne is the first local museum in Province of Como, created in the 1930s by the priest Giovanni Battista Rocca, in order to let the public know the peculiarities of the territory. In the 1930s, during the construction of excavations for the expansion of the then inhabited walls, Gallic and Roman tombs emerged with interesting archaeological finds (swords, tools, jewelry, terracotta vessels, coins) the pastor don Giovanni Battista Rocca, a passionate botanist, placed the collections of plants and archaeological finds in the cemetery chapel located below the current parish church.

During World WarII the collections were looted by the displaced and by archaeologists. The mayor of Esino Lario, engineer Pietro Pensa, together with Battista Rocca, began to coordinate efforts with the City Administration, which recovered looted objects and added collections of animals and flowers. Parco Regionale Grigna Settentrionale has been working to improve and modernize the exhibition spaces, contributing to the construction of the new headquarters at Villa Clotilde.

## Buildings

The museum is divided into two buildings, the new seat in Villa Clotilde garden (inaugurated in April 2016) and a space on the first floor of Villa Clotilde.

## Administration

The Museo delle Grigne has been managed by the Associazione Amici del Museo delle Grigne Onlus since 1990. It is part of the museum system of the Province of Lecco.

1. Dana Facaros; Michael Pauls (2006). *Lombardy & the Italian Lakes*. New Holland Publishers. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-86011-322-2.
2. "PARCO GRIGNA - Esino Lario". *www.parcogrigna.it*. nd. Retrieved 2024-03-19.

45°59′46″N 9°19′56″E / 45.9960°N 9.3321°E / 45.9960; 9.3321

## InfoBox

Museo delle Grigne
| Logo for
Museo delle Grigne
and
Associazione Amici del
Museo delle Grigne Onlus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1959 |
| Location | Via Montefiori 19, 23825 Esino Lario, Italy |
| Collection size | Natural history, archaeology, anthropology |
| Website | http://museodellegrigne.it/ |


title: Hurlbut Memorial Gate

abstract: Hurlbut Memorial Gate is a monumental structure, 132 ft (40 m) long, 50 ft (15 m) high, and 40 ft (12 m) in depth, at the entry way to Water Works Park located at East Jefferson Avenue and Cadillac Boulevard in a historic area of Detroit, Michigan. It is named after Chauncey Hurlbut, a 19th-century Detroit grocer, president of the Board of Water Commissioners, and philanthropist. The gate was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The monument was built in 1894 and fully restored in 2007.

text:
# Hurlbut Memorial Gate

**Hurlbut Memorial Gate** is a monumental structure, 132 ft (40 m) long, 50 ft (15 m) high, and 40 ft (12 m) in depth, at the entry way to Water Works Park located at East Jefferson Avenue and Cadillac Boulevard in a historic area of Detroit, Michigan. It is named after Chauncey (sometimes "Chauncy") Hurlbut, a 19th-century Detroit grocer, president of the Board of Water Commissioners, and philanthropist. The gate was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The monument was built in 1894 and fully restored in 2007.

## History

The city of Detroit began building its water system as early as 1824, with the construction of a waterworks at the foot of Orleans. The prosperity of the city in the time after the Civil War allowed Detroit to develop a municipal water system, using water from the Detroit River. In 1868, the city began developing Water Works Park, on Jefferson Avenue near at the foot of Cadillac Boulevard. The main function of the site was to provide water to the municipal system, but it was also intended to use the grounds to be used as a public park. By 1879, the pumping station was completed, and by 1900, the 110-acre (0.45 km2) park had become the second most-used park in the city. Early French settlers planted twelve missionary pear trees "named for the twelve Apostles" on the grounds of what is now Water Works Park. Water Works Park was named Gladwin Park in 1910 in honor of Major Henry Gladwin during Siege of Fort Detroit from Pontiac's Rebellion; however, the park is still more widely known as Water Works Park.

## Chauncey Hurlbut

Chauncey Hurlbut (1803–1885) was born in Oneida, New York, and moved to Detroit in 1825. He worked as a saddler and harnessmaker for a few years, then went into the grocery business with his brother-in-law. In 1837, Hurlbut bought out the grocery store, and continued in the trade until his death. Hurlbut was also heavily involved in public service, serving on the board of the fire department, as a city alderman, as a director of the Detroit Board of Trade, and as a sewer commissioner. Hurlbut also served on the Detroit Board of Water Commissioners from 1861 to 1863, and again from 1868 to 1885. He was president of the commission from 1871 onward, when he presided over the original acquisition of property for and planning of Water Works Park.

When Chauncey Hurlbut died in 1885, he willed the bulk of his fortune, some $250,000, to beautify Water Works Park. The architectural philosophies of the era called for construction of monumental gates at the entrances to public places, to symbolically separate the park from the hustle and filth of the city. Part of Hurlbut's fortune was used to construct just such a gate.

## Description

Herman A. Brede and Gustave Mueller were chosen to design this gate at a cost of $30,000. The structure is a three tiered triumphal arch, 132 feet (40 m) in length, 40 feet (12 m) in depth, and over 50 feet (15 m) high, built from limestone. It is decorated with carved garlands, water fonts and roundels, and an American eagle with outstretched wings tops the entire structure. Two stairways lead to a terrace twelve feet above the ground.

The gate originally featured a statue of Chauncey Hurlbut inside the center dome, and an ornamental iron gate for vehicle entry, but both are now gone. The gate was substantially restored in 2007, with damaged limestone repaired or replaced, a stairway reconfiguration, repair of the eagle sculpture, and repair and replacement of light fixtures.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hurlbut Memorial Gate | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Michigan State Historic Site | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Interactive map | |
| Location | East Jefferson Avenue at Cadillac Boulevard
Detroit, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 42°21′39″N 82°58′53″W / 42.36083°N 82.98139°W / 42.36083; -82.98139 |
| Built | 1894, restored in 2007 |
| Architect | Brede & Mueller |
| Architectural style | Beaux-Arts |
| NRHP reference No. | 75000967 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | March 27, 1975 |
| Designated MSHS | July 26, 1974 |


title: HMS Medway (1693)

abstract: HMS Medway was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Sheerness Dockyard on 20 September 1693. Medway, together with Chatham and Triton, captured the French Auguste on 19 August 1705. She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Deptford Dockyard, and relaunched on 1 August 1718. Medway was hulked in 1740. She was eventually broken up in 1749.

text:
# HMS Medway (1693)

**HMS *Medway*** was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Sheerness Dockyard on 20 September 1693.

*Medway*, together with *Chatham* and *Triton*, captured the French *Auguste* on 19 August 1705.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Deptford Dockyard, and relaunched on 1 August 1718. *Medway* was hulked in 1740.

She was eventually broken up in 1749.

* Lavery, Brian (2003) *The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850*. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.
* Roche, Jean-Michel (2005) *Dictionnaire des Bâtiments de la Flotte de Guerre Française de Colbert à nos Jours.* (Group Retozel-Maury Millau), Vol. 1.

## InfoBox

| *Medway* plan of the 1718 rebuild | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Medway* |
| Builder | Furzer, Sheerness Dockyard |
| Launched | 20 September 1693 |
| Fate | Broken up, 1749 |
| General characteristics as built | |
| Class and type | 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 914 bm |
| Length | 145 ft 3 in (44.3 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam | 38 ft (11.6 m) |
| Depth of hold | 15 ft 7 in (4.7 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament | 60 guns of various weights of shot |
| General characteristics after 1718 rebuild | |
| Class and type | 1706 Establishment 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 914 bm |
| Length | 144 ft (43.9 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam | 38 ft (11.6 m) |
| Depth of hold | 15 ft 8 in (4.8 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament | * 60 guns: * Gundeck: 24 × 24 pdrs * Upper gundeck: 26 × 9 pdrs * Quarterdeck: 8 × 6 pdrs * Forecastle: 2 × 6 pdrs |