title: Werner Düggelin

abstract: Werner Düggelin was a Swiss theatre director.

text:
# Werner Düggelin

**Werner Düggelin** (7 December 1929 – 6 August 2020) was a Swiss theatre director.

## Life

### Provenance and early years

Düggelin was born in Zürich. He grew up in Siebnen in the canton of Schwyz. Slightly unusually for the time, he was born into a family without any stated religious affiliation. The Düggelin family had been established in the socially and politically complicated Outer Schwyz region for several generations. Josef Düggelin, his father, was a cantonal councillor (*"Kantonsrat"*) and, by trade, a joiner. Werner Düggelin attended schools successively in Siebnen, Engelberg, Trogen and Neuchâtel. According to one source he was required to leave both the "Monastery School" in Engelberg and the "Convict School" in Trogen (both subsequently renamed) "early". Spending the final part of his school career in the Francophone west of Switzerland meant that he had to undertake his "Matura" (school finals) in French rather than in one of the dialects of Swiss German which would have been his mother-tongue as a young boy. He moved on to the University of Zurich where between 1947 and 1949 he studied Romance literature and culture (*"Romanistics"*), "briefly, and without success" (as he himself later recalled). He never completed the course or received a degree. Till he reached the age of around 20, as he much later told Beatrice von Matt, Werner Düggelin had never been inside a theatre. His first visit was to the Zürich Playhouse sitting in a box high up on the right side of the auditorium, he experienced what he described as a "coup de foudre"". He knew at once that the theatre was his vocation, not as an actor but as a director: "I cannot say what it was - it was just crazy."

### Zürich, Paris

He found his way into theatre by working as a lighting assistant at the Zürich Playhouse during the 1948/49 season. It was Leopold Lindtberg, the director at the Playhouse, who recommended that he should progress his career in Paris and helped with the arrangements. During 1949/50 Düggelin worked as a Theater manager at Asnières on the north-western outskirts of the French capital. Starting in 1950 he worked in Paris with the director Roger Blin on a succession of projects: "I was completely devoured by France ... Blin was simply the greatest. \[In Blin's theatre I saw\] what theatre is".

### Pioneer

Between 1952 and 1963 Düggelin worked as a freelance theatre director in Switzerland and abroad. Back in Zürich he worked with Blin on the German language premiere of "Waiting for Godot"! At the end of 1954 they were ready to present it, which they did on the so-called "Pfauenbühne" (*"Peacock Stage"*) of the Zürich Playhouse. It was Werner Düggelin who had translated the text from Beckett's English language original, and he then worked on it as Blin's production assistant. Unfortunately the good citizens of Zürich were not in a mood for the avant-garde. Ticket sales were "miserable". "The public stayed away".

In the mid-1950s Düggelin started staging his own productions, starting at the "Teater am Central" in Zürich with a successful stage production of a German language stage production of Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men. A career breakthrough came at the Staatstheater in Darmstadt (West Germany) in 1957 with his Darmstadt production of Goethe's Urfaust (the precursor to the better known later version of Faust). It was also at Darmstadt that he directed the German language premiere of Marcel Achard's "Darf ich mitspielen?" (*"Might I play with you?"*). Staging productions in German of the work of non-German language dramatists has become a theme in Düggelin's career. Along with playwrights already mentioned, Düggelin has been among the first to stage German production of works by Eugène Ionesco, Georges Schehadé, Albert Camus, Jean Genet and Paul Claudel. In 1956 he directed at the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel (theatre) in Munich, where his work included a memorable production of Bidermann's Cenodoxus. Over the next few years he guested as a stage director at some of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world, notably in Basel, Vienna and Stuttgart. He has also, more recently, dabbled in opera. In 1963 he staged Pinkas Braun's German language version of Edward Albee's "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" at Hamburg. It was also in 1963 that he exchanged his freelance status for a permanent position as stage director at the Zürich Playhouse, still under the overall direction of his mentor and the man who had helped him break into the world of theatre more than ten years earlier, Leopold Lindtberg.

### Basel

In 1968 Werner Düggelin moved to Basel, a more culturally dynamic and diverse city than Zürich, after accepting an appointment as director of the City Theatre. This marked the beginning of what several commentators identify as a golden age for the Basel Theatre. Supported by an exceptional team, he oversaw a succession of engaged and politically tinted productions which caught the spirit of a new generation, provoking commentators and moving audiences to take a more frequent interest in Basel theatre productions.

### Grand old man

> * "He is a genius of the encounter, engaging with the actors in spiritual exchange, letting the characters emerge and grow, finding ways to play together. Nevertheless, everything conforms to a strict structure. His artistry rests on this tension between abandonment and uncompromising adherence to form."
> * *""*Er ist ein Genie der Begegnung, tritt mit den Schauspielern in seelischen Austausch, lässt die Figuren heranwachsen und zum gemeinsamen Spiel finden. Dennoch gehorcht alles der strengen Form. Auf dieser Spannung zwischen Hingabe und kompromissloser Komposition beruht seine Kunst*."*
>
> *Beatrice von Matt, quoted by Karl Wüst*

After 1975 Düggelin again worked on a freelance basis, regularly returning to work in Zürich and Basel, but still sometimes stepping further afield. For three years, between 1988 and 1991, he ran the Swiss Cultural Centre in Paris which had been set up in 1985. He is described by Étienne Dumont as the first independent head of the centre. His predecessor, Otto Ceresa, had been a part-time director who had combined his duties with his principal job as a senior manager at Pro Helvetia. Before that, as initially configured, the centre was run on a collegiate basis by a group of six individuals.

Later productions included Beckett's "Endgame" (1994) and Molière's "The Misanthrope" (1997), both at Zürich. A number of tribute pieces published in celebration of Düggelin's ninetieth birthday made the point that, despite his advanced age, he was still working at the profession he loved, his ear for the dramatists' true intent more acutely tuned than ever.

Though Düggelin was primarily revered as a stage director, completeness requires mention of his television work. Some of his best recalled small-screen adaptations and productions included "L'Histoire du soldat" (1975) by Ramuz, "The Black Spider" (1986) by Gotthelf and a "Hommage to Tinguely" (1989). Swiss artists with whom he worked include Jean Tinguely, Eva Aeppli, Bernhard Luginbühl and Schang Hutter.

## Honours and awards

## Stagings (selection)

## Sources

* Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Werner Düggelin". *Theaterlexikon der Schweiz / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer* \[*Theater Dictionary of Switzerland*\]. Vol. 1. Zürich: Chronos. pp. 495–496. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
* Hansruedi Lerch: *Düggelin, Werner* in German, French and Italian in the online *Historical Dictionary of Switzerland*. 2004

1. Hansruedi Lerch (20 July 2004). "Werner Düggelin". *By clicking on "FR" near the top of the page a French translation of the entry by Laurent Auberson can be accessed. By clicking on "IT" near the top of the page an Italian translation of the entry by : Sergio Mantovani can be accessed*. Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz, Bern. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
2. Peter von Matt (30 June 2014). "Das Licht und die Bretter". *Im Schauspielhaus Zürich steckte sich der junge Werner Düggelin an: Das Theater infizierte ihn. Er ging nach Paris und kam mit «Warten auf Godot» zurück*. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
3. "Werner Düggelin, Schweizer Theaterregisseur". Munzinger-Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
4. Karl Wüst (author); Beatrice von Matt (interviewer) (7 December 2019). "Düggelin feiert 90. Geburtstag". *Report produced to mark the 90th birthday of Werner Düggelin which references an interview he gave in 2006*. Vaduzer Medienhaus AG (Liewo: Sonntagszeitung). Retrieved 30 June 2020. `{{cite web}}`: `|author1=` has generic name (help)
5. "Düggelin, Werner". *Nachtkritik Lexikon*. Nachtkritik Kulturnetz gemeinnützige GmbH, Berlin. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
6. "Werner Düggelin wird 90 - Ungebrochener Hang zur Reduktion". Südostschweiz (syndicated to), Chur. December 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
7. "Werner Düggelin". *Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter*. Schauspielhaus Zürich AG. Archived from the original on 2009-10-01. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
8. Andreas Kotte (author); Hans van Maanen (editor-compiler); S. E. Wilmer (editor-compiler) (1998). *The Theatre System of Switzerland*. Rodopi. p. 636. ISBN 90-420-0762-1. `{{cite book}}`: `|author1=` has generic name (help); `|work=` ignored (help)
9. Étienne Dumont \[in French\] (27 March 2015). "Paris/Le Centre culturel suisse va avoir 30 ans. Et alors?". Bilan, Genève. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
10. Gerhard Stadelmaier (23 December 2019). "Der Regisseur mit dem Gehör". *Paradiespförtner, Traumfänger, Figurenbeichtvater: Werner Düggelin ist der Grandseigneur der Feinheitstheaterkünstler. Mit nunmehr neunzig Jahren inszeniert er nach wie vor*. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 1 July 2020.

## InfoBox

| Werner Düggelin | |
| --- | --- |
| Werner Düggelin (second from right) 1964 at a rehearsal of "Das Leben des Horace A. W. Tabor" by Carl Zuckmayer (Zuckmayer in the middle) | |
| Born | (1929-12-07)7 December 1929
Zürich, Switzerland |
| Died | 6 August 2020(2020-08-06) (aged 90)
Basel, Switzerland |
| Alma mater | University of Zurich |
| Occupation | Theatre director |
| Parent | Josef Düggelin (father) |


title: Chromatrope

abstract: A chromatrope is a type of magic lantern slide that produces dazzling, colorful geometrical patterns set in motion by rotating two painted glass discs in opposite directions, originally with a double pulley mechanism but later usually with a rackwork mechanism. The chromatrope was probably invented in the year 1841 by English glass painter and showman Henry Langdon Childe, by which year it was listed in the Royal Polytechnic Institution catalogue. It was added as a novelty to the program of the Royal Polytechnic Institution, which had previously included many other types of magic lantern shows with moving images, such as phantasmagoria and dissolving views. The principle and the effect of the chromatrope is similar to that of the feux pyriques that had gained some popularity in rich North European households at the end of the 18th century. The resulting abstract and everchanging image is also very similar to that of the kaleidoscope, which had caused an enormous international craze in 1818.

text:
# Chromatrope

A **chromatrope** is a type of magic lantern slide that produces dazzling, colorful geometrical patterns set in motion by rotating two painted glass discs in opposite directions, originally with a double pulley mechanism but later usually with a rackwork mechanism.

The chromatrope was probably invented in the year 1841 (or slightly earlier) by English glass painter and showman Henry Langdon Childe, by which year it was listed in the Royal Polytechnic Institution catalogue. It was added as a novelty to the program of the Royal Polytechnic Institution, which had previously included many other types of magic lantern shows with moving images, such as phantasmagoria and dissolving views.

The principle and the effect of the chromatrope is similar to that of the feux pyriques that had gained some popularity in rich North European households at the end of the 18th century. The resulting abstract and everchanging image is also very similar to that of the kaleidoscope, which had caused an enormous international craze in 1818.


title: Ivan Seal

abstract: Ivan Seal is an English painter and sound artist who specializes in surreal and abstract works centered around concepts of memory and the creation of imagined objects. He is best known for his collaborations with electronic musician James Leyland Kirby, also known as The Caretaker, creating artwork for the critically acclaimed albums: An Empty Bliss Beyond This World and the six part album series Everywhere at the End of Time, both of which examine themes of memory loss through the long-term mental decay brought about by dementia.

text:
# Ivan Seal

**Ivan Seal** (born 22 May 1973) is an English painter and sound artist who specializes in surreal and abstract works centered around concepts of memory and the creation of imagined objects. He is best known for his collaborations with electronic musician James Leyland Kirby, also known as The Caretaker, creating artwork for the critically acclaimed albums: *An Empty Bliss Beyond This World* and the six part album series *Everywhere at the End of Time*, both of which examine themes of memory loss through the long-term mental decay brought about by dementia.

## Biography

### Early life

Ivan Seal was born in Stockport, England on 22 May 1973. Little is known about Seal's early life aside from attending Sheffield Hallam University from 1992 to 1995, during which Seal began to experiment with creating art installations using ambient music as a medium. During this period, Seal became close friends with another experimental musician from Stockport, James Leyland Kirby, who was creating music under the name "V/Vm". At some point following his studies, Seal moved to Berlin, Germany, where he currently resides.

### Career

Seal's first known exhibition was as a part of the 2006 "Anonymous" exhibition at the Schirn Kunsthalle in Frankfurt, Germany, in which he was one of 11 anonymous artists featured. Through the years between 2006 and 2010, Seal's ambient music installations and paintings were featured within group and solo exhibitions throughout the Berlin art scene.

Ivan Seal held his first major solo exhibition "*personality disorders*" at the Carl Freedman Gallery in London starting in May 2011. Following his initial exhibition, Seal returned to showcase his works at the Carl Freedman Gallery in London in 2013, 2015, and 2021. Alongside these semi-regular exhibitions, Seal's works have been exhibited in galleries across Europe and the United States.

#### Collaborations with James Leyland Kirby

In June 2011, James Leyland Kirby, under his moniker The Caretaker, released his breakthrough album *An Empty Bliss Beyond This World*, which featured Seal's 2010 work "*happy in spite*" as the album cover, giving both artists a large boost in popularity due to the critical acclaim for the album. Seal's art had been previously used by Kirby for *Persistent Repetition of Phrases*, released in 2008, but the usage of Seal's artwork for *An Empty Bliss Beyond This World* resulted in a continued collaborative relationship between the two artists. In 2012, Seal's artwork was once again used by Kirby as the album cover for the soundtrack to Grant Gee's film *Patience (After Sebald).*

Ivan Seal and Kirby's relationship is most well known due to the album artwork Seal created for *Everywhere at the End of Time*, a six-part album series released throughout 2016 to 2019 which was meant to musically emulate the mental decay caused by dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

## InfoBox

| Ivan Seal | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-05-22) 22 May 1973<br>Stockport, Manchester, England |
| Education | Sheffield Hallam University, 1992–1995 |
| Occupation(s) | Painter and Experimental Musician |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Known for | Producing album covers for musician James Leyland Kirby |
| Website | ivanseal.com |


title: Walsh Hall, Meriden

abstract: Walsh Hall is a six-bedroom, Grade II* listed house on Walsh Lane, Meriden, West Midlands, England. It comprises a 16 foot (4.9 m) bay of a 15th-century hall, with original roof truss, and 16th century additions. The timber frame sits on an ashlar base. The infill is whitewashed, and the chimneys are in red brick. An additional wing was added sometime in the early-to-mid 20th century. The hall sits in 4.8 acres (1.9 ha) of land, and was given listed status in November 1952. It lies adjacent to and north of the Meriden Bypass, part of the A45, which separates the hall from the centre of Meriden, to the south-west. The hall was once owned by musician Jeff Lynne, founding member of Electric Light Orchestra, who sold it to UB40's Robin Campbell in 1995, and moved to Beverly Hills, California. Campbell put the house back on the market in 2013, when it was valued at around £1.65 million.

text:
# Walsh Hall, Meriden

**Walsh Hall** is a six-bedroom, Grade II\* listed house on Walsh Lane, Meriden, West Midlands (originally Warwickshire), England.

It comprises a 16 foot (4.9 m) bay of a 15th-century hall, with original roof truss, and 16th century additions. The timber frame sits on an ashlar base. The infill is whitewashed, and the chimneys are in red brick. An additional wing was added sometime in the early-to-mid 20th century.

The hall sits in 4.8 acres (1.9 ha) of land, and was given listed status in November 1952. It lies adjacent to and north of the Meriden Bypass, part of the A45, which separates the hall from the centre of Meriden, to the south-west.

The hall was once owned by musician Jeff Lynne, founding member of Electric Light Orchestra, who sold it to UB40's Robin Campbell in 1995, and moved to Beverly Hills, California. Campbell put the house back on the market in 2013, when it was valued at around £1.65 million.

52°26′29″N 1°37′57″W / 52.4415°N 1.6324°W / 52.4415; -1.6324


title: Historic Chattahoochee Commission

abstract: The Historic Chattahoochee Commission (HCC), a state agency of both Alabama and Georgia, promotes heritage tourism, history education, and historic preservation in an eighteen county area in Alabama and Georgia marketed as the "Chattahoochee Trace." The region is centered on the lower Chattahoochee River where it forms the boundary between the states. Originally organized in 1970, in 1978 the Georgia General Assembly and the Alabama Legislature passed identical legislation to establish an interstate compact for the operation of the Commission. Final approval of the compact came in October of that year when the same bill cleared the U.S. Congress and President Jimmy Carter signed it into law. The organization maintains offices in Eufaula, Alabama and LaGrange, Georgia. Alabama counties include Barbour, Chambers, Dale, Henry, Houston, Lee, and Russell; Georgia counties include Chattahoochee, Clay, Decatur, Early, Harris, Muscogee, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Stewart, and Troup. Presently the Commission is funded by both Alabama and Georgia. The HCC is the only tourism/preservation agency in the nation with official authority to cross state lines to pursue goals common to all counties involved. The HCC's numerous programs and projects educate residents and visitors about the unique cultural and natural heritage of the Chattahoochee Trace region and stimulate economic development through tourism. Activities include: • Grants – providing financial support to a range of innovative public history, education, publishing, tourism, and preservation projects • Scholarship, Publication and Education – the HCC has published over 30 books on regional history, has sponsored folklife and agritourism research projects, and produced a Heritage Education Unit for use in local schools • Historical Markers and Historic Site Interpretation – the HCC has erected over 300 historical markers commemorating important people, places, and events in regional history, and guided the creation of the renowned Chattahoochee Indian Heritage Center. It also operates the Hart House, a ca. 1850 home that serves as its Alabama office, as a house museum. • Heritage Tourism Advocacy – the HCC annually distributes thousands of brochures throughout the Southeast and nation promoting the attractions of the Chattahoochee Trace region of Georgia and Alabama, publishes a monthly calendar of events, and has sponsored familiarization tours for travel writers to bring national attention to the area • Community Service – the HCC is a partner in several praiseworthy charitable and community development initiatives The HCC ceased to exist in 2018. After failure to receive annual appropriations from the State of Alabama for eight fiscal years, the HCC’s board of directors voted to dissolve the organization.

text:
# Historic Chattahoochee Commission

The **Historic Chattahoochee Commission** (HCC), a state agency of both Alabama and Georgia, promotes heritage tourism, history education, and historic preservation in an eighteen county area in Alabama and Georgia marketed as the "Chattahoochee Trace." The region is centered on the lower Chattahoochee River where it forms the boundary between the states. Originally organized in 1970, in 1978 the Georgia General Assembly and the Alabama Legislature passed identical legislation to establish an interstate compact for the operation of the Commission. Final approval of the compact came in October of that year when the same bill cleared the U.S. Congress and President Jimmy Carter signed it into law. The organization maintains offices in Eufaula, Alabama and LaGrange, Georgia.

Alabama counties include Barbour, Chambers, Dale, Henry, Houston, Lee, and Russell; Georgia counties include Chattahoochee, Clay, Decatur, Early, Harris, Muscogee, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Stewart, and Troup.

Presently the Commission is funded by both Alabama and Georgia. The HCC is the only tourism/preservation agency in the nation with official authority to cross state lines to pursue goals common to all counties involved.

The HCC's numerous programs and projects educate residents and visitors about the unique cultural and natural heritage of the Chattahoochee Trace region and stimulate economic development through tourism. Activities include:

• Grants – providing financial support to a range of innovative public history, education, publishing, tourism, and preservation projects

• Scholarship, Publication and Education – the HCC has published over 30 books on regional history, has sponsored folklife and agritourism research projects, and produced a Heritage Education Unit for use in local schools

• Historical Markers and Historic Site Interpretation – the HCC has erected over 300 historical markers commemorating important people, places, and events in regional history, and guided the creation of the renowned Chattahoochee Indian Heritage Center. It also operates the Hart House, a ca. 1850 home that serves as its Alabama office, as a house museum.

• Heritage Tourism Advocacy – the HCC annually distributes thousands of brochures throughout the Southeast and nation promoting the attractions of the Chattahoochee Trace region of Georgia and Alabama, publishes a monthly calendar of events, and has sponsored familiarization tours for travel writers to bring national attention to the area

• Community Service – the HCC is a partner in several praiseworthy charitable and community development initiatives

The HCC ceased to exist in 2018. After failure to receive annual appropriations from the State of Alabama for eight fiscal years, the HCC’s board of directors voted to dissolve the organization.


title: Ardozyga enchotypa

abstract: Ardozyga enchotypa is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria. The wingspan is about 16 mm (0.63 in). The forewings are fuscous more or less irrorated (sprinkled) with whitish and with a rather broad whitish streak above the middle from the base narrowing to a point at the apex, edged above and beneath by blackish lines, somewhat incomplete and interrupted, and cutting into a streak before the apex, the streak also contains a short blackish longitudinal line near the base and there is a fine blackish line on the fold. The hindwings are pale-grey, darker towards the apex.

text:
# Ardozyga enchotypa

***Ardozyga enchotypa*** is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria.

The wingspan is about 16 mm (0.63 in). The forewings are fuscous more or less irrorated (sprinkled) with whitish and with a rather broad whitish streak above the middle from the base narrowing to a point at the apex, edged above and beneath by blackish lines, somewhat incomplete and interrupted, and cutting into a streak before the apex, the streak also contains a short blackish longitudinal line near the base and there is a fine blackish line on the fold. The hindwings are pale-grey, darker towards the apex.

## InfoBox

| *Ardozyga enchotypa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ardozyga* |
| Species: | ***A. enchotypa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ardozyga enchotypa***<br>(Turner, 1919) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Protolechia enchotypa* Turner, 1919 | |


title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2

abstract: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IDO2 gene.

text:
# Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2

**Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2** (IDO2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *IDO2* gene.

## Function

IDO2 (indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase) is an enzyme with protein size of 420 amino acids (47 kDa) that is used for catabolism of tryptophan. In organisms, other enzymes participate in L-tryptophan cleavage, namely IDO1 and TDO. Despite IDO1 and IDO2 being closely related enzymes originating by gene duplication and sharing high level (43%) of sequence homology, they differentiate by their kinetics, function and expression pattern. Genes encoding IDO1 and IDO2 have similar genomic structure and are situated closely to each other on chromosome 8. IDO2 is produced in a very limited type of tissues as kidney, liver or antigen presenting cells. IDO2 is less active on substrates of IDO1, better catabolizing other Trp derivates as 5-methoxytryptophan. There are several isoforms in population that comes from alternative splicing. As well as IDO1, IDO2 has been reported in Treg differentiation *in vitro*, suggesting a role in tolerance maintenance. Its expression has been found in several cancers, gastric, colon or renal tumors.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| IDO2 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | IDO2, INDOL1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 612129; MGI: 2142489; HomoloGene: 48830; GeneCards: IDO2; OMA:IDO2 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_194294<br>NM\_001395206   NM\_145949   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_919270   NP\_666061   Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 39.93 – 40.02 Mb Chr 8: 25.02 – 25.07 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Juda Grossman

abstract: Juda Solomonovich Grossman was a Ukrainian revolutionary anarchist, journalist and literary critic.

text:
# Juda Grossman

**Juda Solomonovich Grossman** (7 February 1883 – 6 June 1934) was a Ukrainian revolutionary anarchist, journalist and literary critic.

## Biography

Juda Solomonovich Grossman was born into a Jewish merchant family in Kherson. At the age of 15 he became a Social Democrat and was arrested several times. Juda was influenced by his older brother Abram Grossman, who in 1897 formed the Elisavetgrad circle of the South Russian Workers' Union, which included uda. Abram and Juda were arrested in 1898. From 1899, Juda lived in the town of Novoukrainka and was under police surveillance. In the summer of 1902, Juda Grossman emigrated to Europe, where he established contacts with Russian emigrants - the Social Democrats.

In 1903, in London, he moved to an anarchist platform and joined an anarchist group led by Peter Kropotkin. In London, he contacted the Federation of Jewish Anarchists and published his articles in the newspaper of the Federation *Freedom*. He then moved onto Germany and Switzerland, where he collaborated with a group of anarcho-communists, was a member of the publishing group "Anarchy", defended the methods of terror and expropriation. In 1903, Grossman visited Geneva and joined the local group of anarcho-communist emigrants, Bread and Freedom.

Grossman gave lectures to revolutionaries and called for the beginning of revolutionary terror in Russia, to raise money for the revolution through expropriation. In 1904, he broke with the Kropotkin circle "Bread and Freedom", trying to forge his own direction in anarchism. At the end of 1904, returning from emigration to the Russian Empire, Grossman settled in Bialystok, where at that time a group of anarchist-terrorists "Bread and Freedom" was formed.

During the 1905 Russian Revolution, Grossman organized groups of the Black Banner in Odessa, Nikolaev, Yelisavetgrad, Ekaterinoslav and Kyiv. He published the illegal newspaper *Black Flag*, in which he called on revolutionaries to terrorize and to organize bloody riots against the government. He acted as a supporter of the revolt, which could be caused by total terror, and was an opponent of anarcho-communism. In the spring of 1906, Grossman traveled through the cities of Russia, organizing terrorist acts against the bourgeoisie. In early 1907, as the leader of the Black Banner group in Kyiv, he was elected a delegate to the International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam. On 14 June 1907 he was arrested, brought to an inquiry, and held in Lukyanivska Prison. In 1908 he fled abroad again. From then on, he took the position of anarcho-syndicalism and advocated the unification of Russian anarchist groups into a single union. While exiled in Switzerland, he was the founder of the newspaper *Rabochy Mir* in 1914 and during 1915-1917 he edited the anarchist publication *Rabochee Znamya*.

Following the February Revolution, Grossman returned to Russia, where he became actively involved in anarchist agitation. He actively supported the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution, and in late 1917 - early 1918 organized the Bureau of Anarchists of the Donetsk Basin. In the summer of 1918 he took part in the Moscow Conference of Anarchists.

In early 1919, Grossman was one of the organizers of a group of "Soviet anarchists" who recognized the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks as necessary for the "transition period" to anarchism. In May 1919 he visited Huliaipole, where he tried to bring Nestor Makhno over to the platform of "Soviet anarchism." He then became a member of the headquarters of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, worked in legal organizations of anarchists and in the anarchist publishing house *Golos Truda*.

Grossman withdrew from anarchist activity following the suppression of the left-wing opposition to Bolshevik rule. After that, he worked at the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers, published a number of works on the creative method of proletarian literature, polemicized with the theoretical opponents of the RAPP - with the Lefovites, Aleksandr Voronsky's group and others. In works of art he was mainly interested in their ideological side. During this time, he published a book of memoirs *Thoughts of the Past* (1924), a collection of articles *The Artist and the Epoch* (Moscow, 1928) and the book *The Art of Changing the World* (1929). In 1931-1934 he worked in the Methodology Sector of the Scientific Research Cinema and Photo Institute (NIKFI), published in the journal "Soviet Cinema".

## Works

* Grossman-Roshchin, Juda Solomonovich (1924). "Critique of Kropotkin's Fundamental Teachings". *Krasnaya Nov*. **2**. Moscow: 139–154.
* Grossman-Roshchin, Juda Solomonovich (1924). "From the history of the anarchist "Black Banner" movement in Białystok". *Biloye* (27/28): 172–182.
* Grossman-Roshchin, Juda Solomonovich (1926). "Notes of a Layman". *Modern Architecture* (3): 77.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Juda Solomonovich Grossman | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | יהודה סאלאמאנאוויטש גראסמאן |
| Other name(s) | Iuda Grossman-Roshchin |
| Born | (1883-02-07)7 February 1883
Novoukrainka, Yelisavetgradsky, Kherson,
Ukraine |
| Died | 6 June 1934(1934-06-06) (aged 51)
Moscow,  Russia |
| Allegiance | Makhnovshchina |
| Service | Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine |
| Years of service | 1919–1921 |
| Battles/wars | Ukrainian War of Independence |
| Other work | Literary criticism,
film criticism |


title: Out West (album)

abstract: Out West is a live double album released by Gomez in June 2005 and the first album the band released for ATO Records. It features material mostly from their first two albums, Bring It On and Liquid Skin, with a few tracks each from In Our Gun and Split the Difference, and one from the Machismo E.P.. There are also a few cover songs, such as "Going Out West" by Tom Waits and "Black Eyed Dog" by Nick Drake. The front album cover is a psychedelic manipulation of a photograph of a traditional Mexican band, possibly inspired by the Fillmore's tradition of using psychedelic posters to promote events. The back album cover shows a photo of the actual band Gomez using similar coloration to the front.

text:
# Out West (album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 64/100 link |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| PopMatters | link |
| *Rolling Stone* | link |

***Out West (Live at the Fillmore)*** is a live double album released by Gomez in June 2005 and the first album the band released for ATO Records. It features material mostly from their first two albums, *Bring It On* and *Liquid Skin*, with a few tracks each from *In Our Gun* and *Split the Difference*, and one from the *Machismo E.P.*. There are also a few cover songs, such as "Going Out West" by Tom Waits and "Black Eyed Dog" by Nick Drake (which is combined with "Free to Run" in an extended song).

The front album cover is a psychedelic manipulation of a photograph of a traditional Mexican band, possibly inspired by the Fillmore's tradition of using psychedelic posters to promote events. The back album cover shows a photo of the actual band Gomez using similar coloration to the front.

## Track listing

All songs written by Gomez except where indicated.

### Disc one

1. "Get Miles"
2. "Shot Shot"
3. "Hangover"
4. "Going Out West" (Tom Waits)
5. "Here Comes the Breeze"
6. "We Haven't Turned Around"
7. "Fill My Cup"
8. "Do One" (Dajon Everett, Gomez)
9. "Revolutionary Kind"

### Disc two

1. "Bring It On"
2. "Nothing Is Wrong"
3. "Love Is Better Than a Warm Trombone"
4. "Do's and Don'ts"
5. "Black Eyed Dog" (Nick Drake) / "Free to Run"
6. "Ping One Down"
7. "Blue Moon Rising"
8. "Get Myself Arrested"
9. "These 3 Sins"
10. "Make No Sound"
11. "Whippin' Piccadilly"

### DVD

The UK edition of the album, released on Independiente, comes with a bonus DVD.

1. Intro
2. "Get Miles"
3. "Whippin' Piccadilly"
4. "Black Eyed Dog"
5. "78 Stone Wobble" / "Fade Away" (Charles Hardin)
6. Outro & Credits

## Personnel

Gomez * Ian Ball
* Ben Ottewell
* Olly Peacock
* Paul Blackburn
* Tom Gray

with:

* Dajon Everett - keyboards, percussion, electronics

Technical * Bill Walker, Frank Rinaldi - recording

## InfoBox

| Out West (Live at the Fillmore) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Gomez | |
| Released | 7 June 2005 (2005-06-07) (US)
25 July 2005 (2005-07-25) (UK) |
| Recorded | January 20–22, 2005 |
| Venue | The Fillmore, San Francisco |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | ATO / Sony BMG (US)
Independiente (UK) |
| Gomez chronology | |
| *Split the Difference*
(2004) ***Out West (Live at the Fillmore)***
(2005) *How We Operate*
(2006) | |


title: Werner Eck

abstract: Werner Eck is professor of Ancient History at Cologne University, Germany, and a noted expert on the history and epigraphy of imperial Rome. His main interests are the prosopography of the Roman ruling class and the ancient city of Cologne, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. He also researched the Bar Kokhba revolt from the Roman point of view.

text:
# Werner Eck

**Werner Eck** (born 17 December 1939) is professor of Ancient History at Cologne University, Germany, and a noted expert on the history and epigraphy of imperial Rome. His main interests are the prosopography of the Roman ruling class (magistrates, Senate) and the ancient city of Cologne, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. He also researched the Bar Kokhba revolt from the Roman point of view.

## Publications

German language publications:

* *Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian. Prosopographische Untersuchungen mit Einschluss der Jahres- u. Provinzialfasten der Statthalter*. Beck, München 1970, ISBN 3-406-03096-3 (*Vestigia*, Band 13).
* *Die staatliche Organisation Italiens in der hohen Kaiserzeit*. Beck, München 1979, ISBN 3-406-04798-X (*Vestigia*, Band 28).
* *Die Statthalter der germanischen Provinzen vom 1.–3. Jahrhundert*. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln 1985, ISBN 3-7927-0807-8 (*Epigraphische Studien*, Band 14).
* *Agrippina, die Stadtgründerin Kölns. Eine Frau in der frühkaiserzeitlichen Politik*. Greven, Köln 1993, ISBN 3-7743-0271-5.
* *Die Verwaltung des Römischen Reiches in der Hohen Kaiserzeit. Ausgewählte Beiträge*. 2 Bände, Reinhardt, Basel 1995, ISBN 3-7245-0866-2; 1998, ISBN 3-7245-0962-6.
* (with Antonio Caballos and Fernando Fernández) *Das Senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre*. Beck, München 1996, ISBN 3-406-41400-1 (*Vestigia*, Band 48).
* *Augustus und seine Zeit*. Beck, München 1998, 4. Auflage 2006, ISBN 3-406-41884-8 (with English, Spanish, Italian and Czech translations).
* *Cambridge Ancient History*. Band XI, Cap. IV–VII, 2000, S. 195–293.
* *Köln in römischer Zeit. Geschichte einer Stadt im Rahmen des Imperium Romanum*. Greven, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-7743-0357-6 (*Geschichte der Stadt Köln*, Band 1).
* *Rom und Judaea. Fünf Vorträge zur römischen Herrschaft in Palästina.* Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-16-149460-4 (*Tria Corda*, Band 2).

## Further reading


title: Thetis (1794 Chittagong ship)

abstract: Thetis was built at Chittagong in 1794. She made one voyage to England for the British East India Company (EIC) in 1801. She was rebuilt at Calcutta in 1817 and at Moulmein in 1838. She was still sailing out of Calcutta in 1839. EIC voyage (1801): Captain John Power sailed from Madras on 17 March 1801. Thetis reached the Cape on 17 July and St Helena on 19 August. She arrived at the Downs on 1 November. Thetis did not appear on a list of ships built in India that transferred their registry to Great Britain prior to 1814. She did appear in Lloyd's Register (LR). In 1813, the EIC had lost its monopoly on the trade between India and Britain. Thereafter, British ships were then free to sail to India or the Indian Ocean under a licence from the EIC.

text:
# Thetis (1794 Chittagong ship)

***Thetis*** was built at Chittagong in 1794. She made one voyage to England for the British East India Company (EIC) in 1801. She was rebuilt at Calcutta in 1817 and at Moulmein in 1838. She was still sailing out of Calcutta in 1839.

**EIC voyage (1801):** Captain John Power sailed from Madras on 17 March 1801. *Thetis* reached the Cape on 17 July and St Helena on 19 August. She arrived at the Downs on 1 November.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1801 | D.Meintz | Lennox & Co. | London–India | *LR* |
|

*Thetis* did not appear on a list of ships built in India that transferred their registry to Great Britain prior to 1814. She did appear in *Lloyd's Register* (*LR*).

In 1813, the EIC had lost its monopoly on the trade between India and Britain. Thereafter, British ships were then free to sail to India or the Indian Ocean under a licence from the EIC.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1819 | J.R.Brown | Hogue & Co. |  |  |
| 1824 | J.B.Brown | A.Houge | Liverpool–Calcutta | *LR*; almost rebuilt 1818 |
| 1827 | C.F.Davis | Davidson & Co. |  |  |
| 1828 | C.F.Davis | Mackintosh & Co. |  |  |
| 1829 | J.Masson | Mackintosh & Co. |  |  |
|

## Citations

* Hackman, Rowan (2001). *Ships of the East India Company*. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
* House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain (1814). *Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee on Petitions Relating to East-India-Built Shipping*. H.M. Stationery Office.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Phipps, John (1840). *A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ..*. Scott.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | *Thetis* |
| Namesake | Thetis |
| Builder | Chittagong |
| Launched | September 1794 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 498, or 502, or 510, or 519, or 550, or 568, or 6197994 (bm) |
| Length | 116 ft 0 in (35.4 m) |
| Beam | 31 ft 9 in (9.7 m) |
| Notes | Teak-built |


title: Italian Film Festival

abstract: The Italian Film Festival is a film festival organised by the Italian Institute of Culture and Edinburgh Filmhouse with the collaboration of the Glasgow Film Theatre, DCA Dundee Contemporary Arts, Aberdeen Filmhouse, and Inverness Eden Court.

text:
# Italian Film Festival

The **Italian Film Festival** is a film festival organised by the Italian Institute of Culture and Edinburgh Filmhouse with the collaboration of the Glasgow Film Theatre, DCA Dundee Contemporary Arts, Aberdeen Filmhouse, and Inverness Eden Court.

## Origins and objectives

Since 1993, the festival has been held annually except for the 2020 and 2021 editions due to the Coronavirus pandemic and to the temporary closure of the Italian Institute of Culture. It was first envisioned as a celebration of the best Italian productions, including classic and contemporary cinema. The week-long event includes a wide-ranging variety of films, short films, and documentaries released within the twelve months in between festivals. It aims at including the works of new talents as well as of established professionals.

## Events

In addition to the screening of movies and documentaries, the Italian Film Festival includes tributes to the most representative and relevant figures in their film industry. Among those who have been celebrated are Ettore Scola in 2017, Luchino Visconti in 2016, and Alida Valli in 2009.

In 2013 seven of the movies from the festival were screened in Belfast. Other previous editions included venues in St. Andrews, Kirkcaldy, and Manchester.

## Organisers

1. "Italian Film Festival - This Year's Highlight: Rahapelit Netissä". *Italian Film Festival*. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
2. "COVID19 - Temporary closure to the public". *iicedimburgo.esteri.it* (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
3. Kaye, Rosemary (1 March 2015). "What's On In Edinburgh this week". *The Edinburgh Reporter*. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
4. "Italian Film Festival in Scotland - festivals". *Filmitalia*. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
5. "Guide to Scotland's Festivals 2014". *Issuu*. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
6. "3 to 16 March 2017 - .Massimo Ranieri. A restless Pasolini is editing his most controversial film - \[PDF Document\]". *fdocuments.in*. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
7. Palmer, Mary (15 March 2016). "Scotland says benvenuto to the Italian Film Festival". *Daily Record*. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
8. "A Banquet Of Tasty Treats At This Year's Italian Film Festival". *EdinburghGuide.com*. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
9. "20th Italian Film Festival 2013 | TAKE ONE |". *TAKE ONE*. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
10. "Italian Film Fest will run in 6 cities in the UK". *www.filmfestivals.com*. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
11. Istituto Italiano di Cultura. "Italian Film Festival 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

http://italianfilmfestival.org.uk

## InfoBox

| Italian Film Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Annually |
| Location(s) | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Established | 1993 |
| Website | https://www.italianfilmfestival.org.uk |


title: Walsh Island, New South Wales

abstract: Walsh Island was a small island at the junction of the north and south arms of the Hunter River of New South Wales, Australia. The island was manmade as part of a land reclamation project in the late 1800s. The land was unused, until 1912 when it was announced as a site for a new Government Dockyard. The Walsh Island Dockyard was a major employer for Newcastle throughout the 1920s. The island was reclaimed by dredging and is now the eastern end of Kooragang Island. The end of Kooragang Island, Walsh Point, is the only part left.

text:
# Walsh Island, New South Wales

**Walsh Island** was a small island at the junction of the north and south arms of the Hunter River of New South Wales, Australia. The island was manmade as part of a land reclamation project in the late 1800s. The land was unused, until 1912 when it was announced as a site for a new Government Dockyard. The Walsh Island Dockyard was a major employer for Newcastle throughout the 1920s. The island was reclaimed by dredging and is now the eastern end of Kooragang Island. The end of Kooragang Island, Walsh Point, is the only part left. 32°54′14″S 151°46′32″E / 32.903931°S 151.775492°E / -32.903931; 151.775492

1. Wetherall, Lachlan. "Walsh Island Aerodrome | A bit of this, a bit of that". Retrieved 26 May 2021.
2. "CURRENT NEWS". *Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW : 1876 - 1954)*. 21 September 1912. p. 4. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
3. Scanlon, Mike (14 September 2018). "Newcastle's island hub of industry". *Newcastle Herald*. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
4. NSW Land and Registry Services Charting Map - County Gloucester sheet 2


title: Hillsdale Township, Michigan

abstract: Hillsdale Township is a civil township of Hillsdale County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,133 at the 2020 census. The township consists of several sections surrounding and separated by the city of Hillsdale, but the township and city are administered autonomously.

text:
# Hillsdale Township, Michigan

**Hillsdale Township** is a civil township of Hillsdale County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,133 at the 2020 census.

The township consists of several sections surrounding and separated by the city of Hillsdale, but the township and city are administered autonomously.

## Communities

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 12.89 square miles (33.38 km2), of which 12.32 square miles (31.91 km2) is land and 0.57 square miles (1.48 km2) (4.42%) is water.

### Major highways

* M-99 run briefly through the southeast portion of the township after exiting the city of Hillsdale.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,965 people, 734 households, and 593 families residing in the township. The population density was 155.5 inhabitants per square mile (60.0/km2). There were 805 housing units at an average density of 63.7 per square mile (24.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.81% White, 0.81% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.

There were 734 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $50,357, and the median income for a family was $55,057. Males had a median income of $37,656 versus $22,727 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,396. About 3.3% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The majority of the township is served by Hillsdale Community Schools, while a very small portion of the northwest corner of the township is served by Jonesville Community Schools to the north in Jonesville.

### Works cited

* Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) \[1973\]. *Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities* (Paperback). Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 081431838X.

## InfoBox

| Hillsdale Township, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil township | |
| Hillsdale Township Hall | |
| Location within Hillsdale County | |
| Hillsdale TownshipLocation within the state of MichiganHillsdale TownshipLocation within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 41°55′14″N 84°39′12″W / 41.92056°N 84.65333°W / 41.92056; -84.65333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Hillsdale |
| Established | 1855 |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | Jacquelyn Sullivan |
| Clerk | Janel Stewart |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.89 sq mi (33.38 km2) |
| Land | 12.32 sq mi (31.91 km2) |
| Water | 0.57 sq mi (1.48 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,178 ft (359 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,133 |
| Density | 173.1/sq mi (66.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code(s) | 49242 (Hillsdale) |
| Area code | 517 |
| FIPS code | 26-38480 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1626475 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Gongivaripalli

abstract: Gongivaripalli is a village located at a distance of around 3 kilometers from Sodam, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. The village comes under Punganur constituency. The village is known to have a renowned international school The Peepal Grove School. Honorable ex-president of India, Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam participated in the inauguration of this school.

text:
# Gongivaripalli

**Gongivaripalli** is a village (with a gram panchayat) located at a distance of around 3 kilometers from Sodam, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. The village comes under Punganur constituency. The village is known to have a renowned international school The Peepal Grove School. Honorable ex-president of India, Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam participated in the inauguration of this school.

## InfoBox

| Gongivaripalli | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Aerial view of Gongivaripalli seen from Seethamma Gutta. | |
| Dynamic map | |
| GongivaripalliLocation in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaGongivaripalliGongivaripalli (India) | |
| Coordinates: 13°32′00″N 78°52′50″E / 13.53333°N 78.88056°E / 13.53333; 78.88056 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Chittoor |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 517123 |


title: Ardozyga eumela

abstract: Ardozyga eumela is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1897. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Tasmania, Victoria and South Australia. The wingspan is 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in). The forewings are whitish fuscous, irregularly sprinkled with fuscous and dark fuscous and with about six small blackish spots on the costa, and one on the dorsum at one-fourth. There is an irregular fuscous blackish-edged blotch in the disc at one-third and a blackish dot above the middle of the disc, as well as a transverse blackish mark in the disc at two-thirds. A series of indistinct dark spots is found before the termen. The hindwings are grey.

text:
# Ardozyga eumela

***Ardozyga eumela*** is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1897. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Tasmania, Victoria and South Australia.

The wingspan is 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in). The forewings are whitish fuscous, irregularly sprinkled with fuscous and dark fuscous and with about six small blackish spots on the costa, and one on the dorsum at one-fourth. There is an irregular fuscous blackish-edged blotch in the disc at one-third and a blackish dot above the middle of the disc, as well as a transverse blackish mark in the disc at two-thirds. A series of indistinct dark spots is found before the termen. The hindwings are grey.

## InfoBox

| *Ardozyga eumela* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ardozyga* |
| Species: | ***A. eumela*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ardozyga eumela***<br>(Lower, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cleodora eumela* Lower, 1897 * *Protolechia eumela* | |


title: Indole alkaloid

abstract: Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids containing a structural moiety of indole; many indole alkaloids also include isoprene groups and are thus called terpene indole or secologanin tryptamine alkaloids. Containing more than 4100 known different compounds, it is one of the largest classes of alkaloids. Many of them possess significant physiological activity and some of them are used in medicine. The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.

text:
# Indole alkaloid

**Indole alkaloids** are a class of alkaloids containing a structural moiety of indole; many indole alkaloids also include isoprene groups and are thus called terpene indole or secologanin tryptamine alkaloids. Containing more than 4100 known different compounds, it is one of the largest classes of alkaloids. Many of them possess significant physiological activity and some of them are used in medicine. The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.

## History

The action of some indole alkaloids has been known for ages. Aztecs used the psilocybin mushrooms which contain alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin. The flowering plant *Rauvolfia serpentina* which contains reserpine was a common medicine in India around 1000 BC. Africans used the roots of the perennial rainforest shrub Iboga, which contain ibogaine, as a stimulant. An infusion of Calabar bean seeds was given to people accused of crime in Nigeria: its rejection by stomach was regarded as a sign of innocence, otherwise, the person was killed via the action of physostigmine, which is present in the plant and which causes paralysis of the heart and lungs.

Consumption of rye and related cereals contaminated with the fungus *Claviceps purpurea* causes ergot poisoning and ergotism in humans and other mammals. The relationship between ergot and ergotism was established only in 1717, and the alkaloid ergotamine, one of the main active ingredients of ergot, was isolated in 1918.

The first indole alkaloid, strychnine, was isolated by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818 from the plants of the genus *Strychnos*. The correct structural formula of strychnine was determined only in 1947, although the presence of the indole nucleus in the structure of strychnine was established somewhat earlier. Indole itself was first obtained by Adolf von Baeyer in 1866 while decomposing Indigo.

## Classification

Indole alkaloids are distinguished depending on their biosynthesis. The two types of indole alkaloids are isoprenoids and non-isoprenoids. The latter include terpenoid structural elements, synthesized by living organisms from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and/or isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP):

There are also purely structural classifications based on the presence of carbazole, β-carboline or other units in the carbon skeleton of the alkaloid molecule. Some 200 dimeric indole alkaloids are known with two indole groups.

## Non-isoprenoid indole alkaloids

TryptamineSerotoninPhysostigmine   β-carbolineHarmineCanthinone

The number of known non-isoprenoid indole alkaloids is small compared to the number of indole alkaloids.

### Simple indole derivatives

One of the simplest and yet widespread indole derivatives are the biogenic amines tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Although their assignment to the alkaloid is not universally accepted, they are both found in plants and animals. The tryptamine skeleton is part of the vast majority of indole alkaloids. For example, *N*,*N*-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocin and its phosphorylated psilocybin are the simplest derivatives of tryptamine. Some simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine, such as gramine and glycozoline (the latter is a derivative of carbazole). Camalexin is a simple indole alkaloid produced by the plant *Arabidopsis thaliana*, often used as a model for plant biology.

### Simple derivatives of β-carboline

The prevalence of β-carboline alkaloids is associated with the ease of forming the β-carboline core from tryptamine in the intramolecular Mannich reaction. Simple (non-isoprenoid) β-carboline derivatives include harmine, harmaline, harmane and a slightly more complex structure of canthinone. Harmaline was first isolated in 1838 by Göbel and harmine in 1848 by Fritzche.

### Pyrolo-indole alkaloids

Pyrolo-indole alkaloids form a relatively small group of tryptamine derivatives. They are produced by methylation of indole nucleus at position 3 and the subsequent nucleophilic addition at the carbon atom in positions 2 with the closure of the ethylamino group into a ring. A typical representative of this group is physostigmine, which was isolated by Jobst and Hesse in 1864.

## Isoprenoid indole alkaloids

Isoprenoid indole alkaloids include residues of tryptophan or tryptamine and isoprenoid building blocks derived from the dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

### Ergot alkaloids

Ergot alkaloids are a class of hemiterpenoid indole alkaloids related to lysergic acid, which, in turn, is formed in a multistage reactions involving tryptophan and DMAPP. Many ergot alkaloids are amides of lysergic acid. The simplest such amide is ergine, and more complex can be distinguished into the following groups:

Ergotinine, discovered in 1875, and ergotoxine (1906) were subsequently proven to be a mixture of several alkaloids. In pure form, the first ergot alkaloids, ergotamine and its isomer ergotaminine were isolated by Arthur Stoll in 1918.

### Monoterpenoid Indoles Alkaloids or Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids

Most monoterpenoid alkaloids include a 9 or 10 carbon fragment (bold in image) (originating from the secologanin), and the configuration allows grouping to *Corynanthe*, *Iboga* and *Aspidosperma* classes. The monoterpenoid part of their carbon skeletons are illustrated below on the example of alkaloids ajmalicine and catharanthine. The circled carbon atoms are missing in the alkaloids which contain the C9 fragment instead of C10.

*Corynanthe* alkaloids include the unaltered skeleton of secologanin, which is modified in *Iboga* and *Aspidosperma* alkaloids. Some representative monoterpenoid indole alkaloids:

| Type | Number of carbon atoms in the monoterpenoid fragment | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | C9 | C10 |
| *Corynanthe* | Ajmaline, aquamycin, strychnine, brucine | Ajmalicine, yohimbine, reserpine, sarpagin, mitragynine |
| *Iboga* | Ibogaine, ibogamine | Voacangine, catharanthine |
| *Aspidosperma* | Eburnamin | Tabersonine, vindolin, vincamine |

There is also a small group of alkaloids present in the plant *Aristotelia* – about 30 compounds, the most important of which is peduncularine – which contain a monoterpenoid C10 part originating not from secologanin.

### Bisindole alkaloids

Dimers of strictosidine derivatives, loosely called bisindoles but more complicated than that. More than 200 of dimeric indole alkaloids are known. They are produced in living organisms through dimerization of monomeric indole bases, in the following reactions:

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Voacamine | Villalstonine | Toxiferine | Vinblastine |

Apart from bisindole alkaloids, dimeric alkaloids exist which are formed via dimerization of the indole monomer with another type of alkaloid. An example is tubulosine consisting of indole and isoquinoline fragments.

## Distribution in nature

The plants that are rich in non-isoprenoid indole alkaloids include *harmal* (*Peganum harmala*), which contains harmane, harmine and harmaline, and Calabar bean (*Physostigma venenosum*) containing physostigmine. Some members of the family Convolvulaceae, in particular *Ipomoea violacea* and *Turbina corymbosa*, contain ergolines and lysergamides. Despite the considerable structural diversity, most of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids is localized in three families of dicotyledon plants: Apocynaceae (genera *Alstonia*, *Aspidosperma*, *Rauvolfia* and *Catharanthus*), Rubiaceae (*Corynanthe*) and Loganiaceae (*Strychnos*).

Indole alkaloids are also present in fungi. For example, psilocybin mushrooms contains derivatives of tryptamine and *Claviceps* contains derivatives of lysergic acid. The skin of many toad species of the genus *Bufo* contains a derivative of tryptamine, bufotenin, and the skin and venom of the species *Bufo alvarius* (Colorado River toad) contains 5-MeO-DMT. Serotonin, which is an important neurotransmitter in mammals, can also be attributed to simple indole alkaloids.

## Biosynthesis

Biogenetic precursor of all indole alkaloids is the amino acid tryptophan. For most of them, the first synthesis step is decarboxylation of tryptophan to form tryptamine. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is formed from tryptamine by methylation with the participation of coenzyme of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Psilocin is produced by spontaneous dephosphorylation of psilocybin.

In the biosynthesis of serotonin, the intermediate product is not tryptamine but 5-hydroxytryptophan, which is in turn decarboxylated to form 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).

Biosynthesis of β-carboline alkaloids occurs through the formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde (or keto acid) and subsequent intramolecular Mannich reaction, where the C(2) carbon atom of indole serves as a nucleophile. Then, the aromaticity is restored via the loss of a proton at the C(2) atom. The resulting tetrahydro-β-carboline skeleton then gradually oxidizes to dihydro-β-carboline and β-carboline. In the formation of simple β-carboline alkaloids, such as harmine and harmaline, pyruvic acid acts as the keto acid. In the synthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, secologanin plays the role of the aldehyde. Pirroloindole alkaloids are synthesized in living organisms in a similar way.

Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids begins with the alkylation of tryptophan by dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), where the carbon atom C(4) in the indole nucleus plays the role of the nucleophile. The resulting 4-dimethylallyl-L-tryptophan undergoes N-methylation. Further products of biosynthesis are chanoclavine-I and agroclavine – the latter is hydroxylated to elymoclavine, which in turn oxidizes into paspalic acid. In the process of allyl rearrangement, paspalic acid is converted to lysergic acid.

Biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids begins with the Mannich reaction of tryptamine and secologanin; it yields strictosidine which is converted to 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine. Then, the biosynthesis of most alkaloids containing the unperturbed monoterpenoid part (*Corynanthe* type) proceeds through cyclization with the formation of cathenamine and subsequent reduction to ajmalicine in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In the biosynthesis of other alkaloids, 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine first converts into preakuammicine (an alkaloid of subtype strychnos, type *Corynanthe*) which gives rise to other alkaloids of subtype strychnos and of the types *Iboga* and *Aspidosperma*. Bisindole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine are produced in the reaction involving catharanthine (alkaloid of type *Iboga*) and vindolin (type *Aspidosperma*).

## Physiological activity

Indole alkaloids act on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Besides, bisindole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine show antineoplastic effect.

Because of structural similarities with serotonin, many tryptamines can interact with serotonin 5-HT receptors. The main effect of the serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD, DMT, and psilocybin is related to them being agonists of the 5-HT2A receptors. In contrast, gramine is an antagonist of the 5-HT2A receptor.

Ergolines, such as lysergic acid, include structural elements of both tryptamine and phenylethylamine and thus act on the whole group of the 5-HT receptors, adrenoceptors (mostly of type α) and dopamine receptors (mostly type D2). So ergotamine is a partial agonist of α-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors, and thus narrows blood vessels and stimulates constriction of the uterus. Dihydroergotamine is more selective to α-adrenergic receptors and has a weaker effect on serotonin receptors. Ergometrine is an agonist of α-adrenergic, 5-HT2 and partly D2 receptors. Compared with other ergot alkaloids, ergometrine has a greater selectivity in stimulating the uterus. LSD, a semi-synthetic psychedelic ergoline, is an agonist of 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A and to a lesser extent D2 receptors and has a powerful psychedelic effect.

Some monoterpenoid indole alkaloids also interact with adrenoceptors. For example, ajmalicine is a selective antagonist of α1-adrenergic receptors and therefore has antihypertensive action. Yohimbine is more selective to α2 adrenoceptor; by blocking presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors, it increases the release of norepinephrine thereby raising the blood pressure. Yohimbine was used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men until emergence of more efficient drugs.

Some alkaloids affect the turnover of monoamines indirectly. So, harmine and harmaline are reversible selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A. Reserpine reduces concentration of monoamines in presynaptic and synaptic neurons, thereby inducing antihypertensive and antipsychotic effects.

Some indole alkaloids interact with other types of receptors. Mitragynine is an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor. Harmal alkaloids are antagonists to the GABAA-receptor, and ibogaine – to NMDA-receptors. Physostigmine is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

## Applications

Plants and fungi that contain indole alkaloids have a long history of use in traditional medicine. *Rauvolfia serpentina*, which contains reserpine as the active substance, was used for over 3000 years in India to treat snake bites and insanity. In medieval Europe, extracts of ergot were used in medical abortion.

Later, the plants were joined by pure preparations of indole alkaloids. Reserpine was the second (after chlorpromazine) antipsychotic drug; however, it showed relatively weak action and strong side effects, and is not used for this purpose any longer. Instead, it is prescribed as an antihypertensive drug, often in combination with other substances.

Other drugs that affect the cardiovascular system include ajmaline, which is a Class I antiarrhythmic agents, and ajmalicine, which is used in Europe as an antihypertensive drug. Physostigmine – an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase – and its synthetic analogs are used in the treatment of glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease (rivastigmine) and myasthenia (neostigmine, pyridostigmine, distigmine). Ergot alkaloids ergometrine (ergobazin, ergonovine), ergotamine and their synthetic derivatives (methylergometrine) are applied against uterine bleeding, and bisindole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine are antitumor agents.

Animal studies have shown that ibogaine has a potential in treating heroin, cocaine, and alcohol addictions, which is associated with the ibogaine antagonism to NMDA-receptors. Medical use of ibogaine is hindered by its legal status, as it is banned in many countries as a powerful psychedelic drug with dangerous implications of overdose. However, illegal network in Europe and United States provide ibogaine for treating drug addiction.

Since ancient times, plants containing indole alkaloids have been used as psychedelic drugs. The Aztecs used and the Mazatec people continue to use psilocybin mushrooms and the psychoactive seeds of morning glory species like *Ipomoea tricolor*. Amazonian tribes use the psychedelic infusion, ayahuasca, made from *Psychotria viridis* and *Banisteriopsis caapi*. *Psychotria viridis* contains the psychedelic drug DMT, while *Banisteriopsis caapi* contains harmala alkaloids, which act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It is believed that the main function of the harmala alkaloids in ayahuasca is to prevent the metabolization of DMT in the digestive tract and liver, so it can cross the blood–brain barrier, whereas the direct effect of harmala alkaloids on the central nervous system is minimal. The venom of the Colorado River toad, *Bufo alvarius*, may have used as a psychedelic drug, its active constituents being 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin. One of the most common recreational psychedelic drugs, LSD, is a semi-synthetic ergoline (which contains the indole moiety).

## Bibliography


title: Juda Hirsch Quastel

abstract: Juda Hirsch Quastel, was a British-Canadian biochemist who pioneered diverse research in neurochemistry, soil metabolism, cellular metabolism, and cancer.

text:
# Juda Hirsch Quastel

**Juda Hirsch Quastel**, CC FRSC FRS FRSE (October 2, 1899  October 15, 1987) was a British-Canadian biochemist who pioneered diverse research in neurochemistry, soil metabolism, cellular metabolism, and cancer.

## Biography

Quastel, also known as "Harry" or "Q," was born at Ecclesall Road in Sheffield the son of Jonas Quastel, a confectioner, and his wife, Flora Itcovitz. His parents had come to Britain in 1897 from Tarnopol in Galicia (Eastern Europe) and were married in Britain. He was named after his grandfather, Juda Quastel, a chemist in Tarnapol.

He was educated at Sheffield Central Secondary School. In the First World War, he served with the British Army as a Laboratory Assistant at St George's Hospital from 1917 to 1919.

Electing to study chemistry, Quastel received a baccalaureate from Imperial College London in 1921. Pursuing graduate work at the University of Cambridge, Quastel studied with Frederick Gowland Hopkins, the leading figure in British biochemistry and a future Nobel Prize recipient for his work on the nutritional importance of vitamins. Under Hopkins, Quastel received a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Cambridge in biochemistry in 1924 and, not long after, was made a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Quastel remained in Hopkins’ department as a demonstrator and lecturer from 1923 to 1929, during which he pioneered the research of microbial enzymology. He obtained a doctorate of science from Cambridge in 1926 and received a Beit Memorial Fellowship in 1928.

Quastel accepted a position as Director of Research at the Cardiff City Mental Hospital in 1930. From this location, he was able to conduct early work on the enzymology and metabolism of the brain. For these studies, Quastel was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1940.

In 1941, when Britain's wartime food supply emerged as a strategic concern, the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) asked Quastel to lead a new research unit focused on improving crop yield at the Rothamsted Experimental Station. By analyzing soil as a dynamic system, rather than an inert substance, he was able to apply techniques such as perfusion, with which he had become familiar in studies of animal organs. On this approach, Quastel later wrote (1946) that "soil as a whole can be considered an organ comparable in some respects to a liver or a gland to which may be added various nutrients, pure or complex degraded plant materials, rain, air, and in which enzymatic reactions can occur."

Using these techniques, Quastel was able to quantify the influence of various plant hormones, inhibitors and other chemicals on the activity of microorganisms in the soil and assess their direct impact on plant growth. While the full work of the unit remained secret, certain discoveries were developed for commercial use after the war. Best known is the compound commonly labeled as 2,4-D, one of the first systemic or hormone herbicides, a class of chemicals responsible for triggering a worldwide revolution in agricultural output and still the most widely used weed-killer in the world. Another invention was developed as a soil conditioner and is marketed by Monsanto Company under the trade name *Krilium*.

After World War II, Quastel was invited to become Assistant Director of the newly founded McGill University-Montreal General Hospital Research Institute and professor of biochemistry at McGill University, and, in 1947, he accepted the invitation. The following year, he was appointed Director of the Institute.

During his nineteen years at McGill, Quastel supervised seventy PhD candidates and his Institute published over three hundred scientific papers on topics including metabolism of micro-organisms, soil biochemistry, neurobiochemistry, neurotropic drugs, anaesthesia, cancer biochemistry, enzyme inhibition, and transport of nutrients and ions across membranes. Once he reached McGill's retirement age in 1966, Quastel accepted a professorship of neurochemistry at the University of British Columbia in the Department of Psychiatry, the first such position for that institution.

Quastel received many honors, including, in 1970, Canada's highest recognition, the Companionship of the Order of Canada. In the same year, he received an honorary doctorate from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, of which he had also been a governor since 1950. He received an honorary Doctorate of Science from McGill University in 1969. He was made an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1983.

He died in Vancouver on 16 October 1987.

## Family

In 1931 Quastel married Henrietta Jungmann and they had three children—Michael, David and Barbara. Following her death in 1973 he married again in 1975 to Susan Ricardo.

He had eleven grandchildren including mathematician Jeremy Quastel.

## Publications

* *Chemistry of the Brain* (1937)
* *The Mechanism of Enzyme Action* (1940)
* *The Influence of Biochemistry in Modern Life* (1956)
* *The Chemistry of Brain Metabolism in Health and Disease* (1961)
* *Metabolic Inhibitors* (1973)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Juda Hirsch Quastel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1899-10-02)October 2, 1899
Sheffield, England |
| Died | October 15, 1987(1987-10-15) (aged 88)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Alma mater | Imperial College London
University of Cambridge |
| Awards | Order of Canada
Flavelle Medal (1974) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Biochemistry |
| Institutions | Cardiff Mental Hospital
Agricultural and Food Research Council
McGill University-Montreal General Hospital Research Institute
 |
|  | |


title: Bond University Football Club

abstract: Bond University AFL, nicknamed as the Bull Sharks, is a Gold Coast based Australian rules football club operating out of Bond University. The club currently competes in the Queensland Football Association Division Two and the Queensland Women's Football League competitions. The club is currently one of two universities that supply teams to AFL Queensland, the other being University of Queensland.

text:
# Bond University Football Club

**Bond University AFL**, nicknamed as the *Bull Sharks*, is a Gold Coast based Australian rules football club operating out of Bond University. The club currently competes in the Queensland Football Association Division Two and the Queensland Women's Football League competitions.

The club is currently one of two universities that supply teams to AFL Queensland, the other being University of Queensland.

## History

The Bond University Football Club was formed in 2011 and entered the AFLQ Division 3 Central league for their inaugural season. Bond would play home games at the Robina Roos' ground on Scottsdale Drive due to unsuitable facilities existing at the university. Nicknamed the Bull Sharks, the club surprised many by compiling a 14–1 record through the home and away season to claim the minor premiership. Bond would suffer a 31-point loss to Jimboomba in the 2011 Grand Final. The club was then transferred to the newly created SEQAFL Division 4 South league which was a combination of former Summerland Australian Football League teams mixed with Gold Coast clubs.

Bond would again reach the Grand Final in 2012 but lightning would strike twice as the Bull Sharks fell to Tweed Coast by 44 points. After a disappointing 2013 season in which the club was eliminated in the first round of the finals, the Bull Sharks moved their home games to the newly created Australian rules football field at the university campus. Affectionately known as the "Canal", the new grounds would prove a successful move for Bond as the club claimed a second minor premiership in 2014. The club went on to win the 2014 QAFA (B) South premiership, defeating Tweed Coast to claim the first premiership in the club's short history.

As a result of their 2014 successes, the Bullsharks were promoted to the QAFA (A) division and impressively claimed another minor premiership in 2015, going undefeated in the home and away season. The club went on to win the 2015 QAFA (A) Grand Final against the South East Suns and in doing so made it back-to-back premierships in separate divisions. This success saw them promoted again to the QFA South competition for season 2016. 2015 also saw the launch of the women's team competing in the QWAFA competition. They compiled a 9–6 record in their inaugural season and made it to the preliminary final where they were defeated by the eventual premiers Zillmere.

In September 2017, the Bond University women's team defeated Yeronga 50–29 in the Grand Final to claim the QWFA Division 1 premiership. 2017 also saw Molly Ritson and Krystal Scott drafted to the Brisbane Lions Women's team as rookies in the 2017 AFLW Draft as well as the team promoted to the QWAFL. The Men however, would suffer a rough season after sustaining mass injuries. Leading to only one win for the Seniors and subsequent relegation to QFA Division 2 for 2018.

## Premierships (6)

| No. | Year | Competition | Opponent | Score | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2014 | QAFA (B) South | Tweed Coast Tigers | **15.8 (98) – 7.16 (58)** | Scottsdale Drive Oval |
| 2 | 2015 | QAFA (A) | South East Suns | **12.21 (93) – 9.8 (62)** | Tidbold Park |
| 3 | 2017 | QWFA Division 1 | Yeronga South Brisbane | **8.2 (50) – 4.5 (29)** | Leyshon Park |
| 4 | 2019 | QAFLW Development | Coorparoo | **3.8 (26) – 3.3 (21)** | Leyshon Park |
| 5 | 2019 | QFA Division 2 | Beenleigh | **13.12 (90) – 7.10 (52)** | Leyshon Park |
| 6 | 2023 | QAFLW | Aspley | **10.6 (66) - 2.5 (17)** | Brighton Homes Arena |
| 7 | 2023 | QFA Division 2 South Reserves | Coolangatta | **7.5 (47) - 5.10 (40)** | Fankhauser Reserve |

## Drafted players in the AFLW

| Year | Name | Team | Draft No. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | Molly Ritson | Brisbane | 14th (rookie) |
| 2017 | Krystal Scott | Brisbane | 18th (rookie) |
| 2018 | Lauren Bella | Brisbane | 45th |
| 2019 | Charlotte Hammans | Gold Coast | Pre-list signing |
| 2019 | Kalinda Howarth | Gold Coast | Pre-list signing |
| 2019 | Taylor Smith | Gold Coast | Pre-list signing |
| 2019 | Molly Ritson | Gold Coast | Pre-list signing |
| 2019 | Serene Watson | Gold Coast | 18th |
| 2020 | Annise Bradfield | Gold Coast | 7th |
| 2020 | Maddison Levi | Gold Coast | 50th |
| 2020 | Lucy Single | Gold Coast | 57th |
| 2020 | Wallis Randell | Gold Coast | 61st |
| 2021 | Teagan Levi | Gold Coast | 6th |
| 2021 | Giselle Davies | Gold Coast | 30th |
| 2021 | Mikayla Pauga | Brisbane | 46th |
| 2021 | Lulu Pullar | Brisbane | 58th |
| 2021 | Shannon Danckert | Gold Coast | Injury replacement |
| 2022 | Ruby Sargent-Wilson | Sydney | Pre-list signing |
| 2022 | Laquoiya Cockatoo-Motlap | Port Adelaide | Pre-list signing |
| 2022 | Litonya Cockatoo-Motlap | Port Adelaide | Pre-list signing |
| 2022 | Krystal Scott | Gold Coast | Pre-list signing |
| 2022 | Jasmyn Smith | Gold Coast | 52nd |
| 2022 | Imogen Evans | Collingwood | Free agent signing |
| 2023 sup. | Meara Girvan | Gold Coast | 10th |
| 2023 | Lily Tarlinton | Adelaide | 34th |
| 2023 | Kiara Bischer | Gold Coast | 50th |
| 2023 | Sienna McMullen | Gold Coast | 51st |
| 2023 | Imogen Evans | Collingwood | Injury replacement |

## InfoBox

| Bond University | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Full name | Bond University AFL |
| Club details | |
| Founded | 2011 (2011) |
| Colours | Blue and   Gold |
| Competition | QFA Division 2 (Men) <br>QAFLW (Women) |
| Ground(s) | Bond University (capacity: 500) |
| Uniforms | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Hans Henning Atrott

abstract: Hans Henning Atrott, also Hans Atrott, was notable for his commitment in the German right-to-die movement.

text:
# Hans Henning Atrott

**Hans Henning Atrott**, also **Hans Atrott**, (born 12 January 1944 in Memel, East Prussia now Klaipéda, Lithuania \- 2018) was notable for his commitment in the German right-to-die movement.

## Biography

His father was Protestant minister at James Church in Memel. Neither of his parents survived World War II. He spent his childhood with his maternal grandparents and in Christian boarding schools.

He studied philosophy, political science and sociology (of medicine) at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Bavarian School of Public Policy. As student from 1969 - 1971, he was federal, i.e., national, chairman of the Association of East Prussian Students in Germany (Studentenbund Ostpreußen).

Atrott was the founder and first president of the German society for voluntary euthanasia (D.G.H.S.) then based in Augsburg, Bavaria, and former secretary (executive director) of the World Federation of Right to Die Societies. He introduced living wills ("Patientenverfügungen") in Germany and was the first to promote voluntary euthanasia after World War II within Germany.

He self-published his theories in his books "Jesus' Bluff - The universal Scandal of the World (M. Magnes)", in 2009 and in 2015 "Cross and Crime - Jesus Came to Crucify the World (The Gospel of Philip)." Both books have been translated into Spanish, the latter, in addition, into French.

From 1978 until his death, he was married to Anita Atrott (born 7 March 1958). Atrott left Germany in 1995. He was a father and grandfather. Depending on the seasons of a year, towards the end of his life, he shared his time between Klaipéda, (Lithuania), Los Gigantes (Spain) and Switzerland, where his descendants also live. He died in 2018.

1. "Magazin - DGHS - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humanes Sterben e.V." *www.dghs.de*. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
2. *Memeler Dampfboot from 20 August 1954 p. 2, electronically on:*  http://memel.klavb.lt/MD/ADM\_Archiv20111201/MD1954/MD1954\_0802.pdf
3. *Ostpreußenblatt from 26 April 1969 p. 4, electronically on:*  http://archiv.preussische-allgemeine.de/1969/1969\_04\_26\_17.pdf and Ostpreußenblatt 11 August 1969, p.1, electronically on: http://archiv.preussische-allgemeine.de/1969/1969\_11\_08\_45.pdf
4. *Jesus' Bluff - The universal Scandal of the World (M. Magnes)* PublishAmerica, Baltimore 2009, ISBN 978-1-61582-816-6
5. *Cross and Crime - Jesus Came to Crucify the World (The Gospel of Philip)* America Star Books, Frederick, MD. 2015, ISBN 978-1635084535
6. *La Farsa de Jesús - El escándalo universal del mundo*. Frederick, MD.: America Star Books. 2015. ISBN 978-1682291801.
7. *Cruz y el crimen: Jesús vino a crucificar al mundo (el Evangelio de Felipe)*. Frederick, MD.: America Star Books. 2016. ISBN 9781682902325.
8. *Croix et Crime - Jésus est venu pour crucifier le monde*. Frederick, MD.: America Star Books. 2017. ISBN 9781683941484. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017.
9. "Sterbehilfe: Selbstmord aus dem Automaten - Thorbrietz Kolumnen - FOCUS Online - Nachrichten". Archived from the original on 11 August 2012.


title: Thomas Grant (cricketer)

abstract: Thomas Grant was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1907.

text:
# Thomas Grant (cricketer)

**Thomas Grant** (20 December 1879  1934) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1907.

## InfoBox

Thomas Grant
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1879-12-20)20 December 1879
Melbourne, Australia |
| Died | 1934 (aged 5455)
Kurri Kurri, Australia |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1907 | Victoria |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 15 November 2015 | |


title: Istanbul (film)

abstract: Istanbul is a 1957 American CinemaScope film noir crime film directed by Joseph Pevney, and starring Errol Flynn and Cornell Borchers. It is a remake of the film Singapore, with the location of the action moved to Turkey. The plot involves an American pilot who becomes mixed up with various criminal activities in Istanbul.

text:
# Istanbul (film)

***Istanbul*** is a 1957 American CinemaScope film noir crime film directed by Joseph Pevney, and starring Errol Flynn and Cornell Borchers. It is a remake of the film *Singapore*, with the location of the action moved to Turkey. The plot involves an American pilot who becomes mixed up with various criminal activities in Istanbul.

## Plot

For the first time in five years, pilot Jim Brennan (Errol Flynn) flies to Istanbul, Turkey, but is immediately brought to the office of customs Inspector R. P. Nural (John Bentley) who suspects him of diamond smuggling. Jim goes to the hotel where he stayed previously, but his old room has American couple Charlie (Leif Erickson) and Marge Boyle (Peggy Knudsen) staying there.

At the café, Jim sits at his regular table and recalls the last time he was there, sharing a drink with German tourist Stephanie Bauer (Cornell Borchers), a beauty with whom he falls in love. She knows he has to fly for a living, and encourages him to accept a quick job flying businessmen to Cairo. On his return, an old friend, merchant Aziz Rakim (Vladimir Sokoloff) offers Jim a bracelet to give to Stephanie but a hidden compartment contains diamonds, which Jim stashes in his ceiling fan.

When he proposes to Stephanie, he also gives her the bracelet. She accepts his proposal, but back at his room, the couple encounter Paul Renkov (Werner Klemperer) who is looking for the diamonds. The next night, Paul follows Jim and with several henchmen, beat him up. Mr. Darius (Martin Benson), their leader, demands the diamonds. The police find Jim, and at headquarters, Nural tells him that Aziz was murdered likely due to his role in a shipment of stolen diamonds smuggled in a bracelet. Jim denies involvement in the theft and later asks Stephanie to come with him that night to Paris.

At her hotel room, Darius' men accost Stephanie and steal the bracelet. Jim finds Nural in his room, and reveals that he has impounded his aircraft and plans to keep him in custody until Jim leaves the country. Knowing he cannot retrieve the diamonds, Jim and Nural go to Stephanie's hotel, but the building is in flames. Jim tries to save his fiancée, but the blaze forces him to retreat.

Years later, Renkov finds Jim and tells him Darius wants to get his diamonds. Jim knows the married couple in his old room are in danger, and goes to the hotel, but is amazed to see Stephanie there. Claiming to be Karen Fielding, she leaves with her husband, Douglas Fielding (Torin Thatcher), the man who had saved her five years ago when her hotel had caught on fire. She had lost all of her earlier memories and does not recognize Jim.

Jim tries to press Stephanie about her past, but her husband asks him to leave them in peace. Later, clutching the bracelet Jim gave her, she secretly visits him at the café, trying to remember what he meant to her once. Jim attempts to retrieve the diamonds but is nearly caught by the inspector. He slips them into one of the Boyle's suitcases. Leaving the room he allows himself to be captured by Renkov and taken to an abandoned warehouse where Darius has already kidnapped Stephanie. Convincing Darius that she is the real thief, Jim slyly sets the warehouse ablaze.

Grabbing Stephanie who has gone into shock, he takes her back to her husband but the next morning as he prepares to fly out of Istanbul, Stephanie suddenly awakes and calls out Jim's name. Rushing to the airport, they see that Jim is caught with the diamonds although Nural decides to let him leave the country. As the aircraft takes off, her husband sees Stephanie's reaction and with the inspector's help, Jim is ordered to come back to Istanbul as someone wants to reunite with him.

## Cast

## Production

The film was a remake of *Singapore* based on a script by Seton I. Miller. Universal considered Jeff Chandler to play "Jim Brennan" and Robert Middleton to play "Mr. Darius." Eventually, Errol Flynn was cast.

It was the first film Flynn had made in Hollywood since *Against All Flags* (1952), also at Universal. It had been a difficult few years for Flynn, incurring tax trouble with the IRS and debts due to his attempt at making *The Story of William Tell*

Flynn was paid a reported £150,000 for the film, taking a flat salary instead of a percentage. All the money Flynn earned went to the payment of his debts.

Flynn signed his contract on February 15, 1956 and filming began the following week. Some scenes were shot on location in Istanbul, Turkey.

Flynn later wrote "I thought the film was to be made in Turkey, but it turned out I must go back to Hollywood In the States, people who saw me again on the screen said I looked dissipated. Great! I was tired of being called beautiful, as they had called me when I was younger."

Cornell Borchers was already attached to the film when Flynn signed on. It was the second of two films Borchers made for Universal, the first being Never Say Goobye; Universal were very big on hiring stars with international reputations at the time.)

*Istanbul* marked Peggy Knudsen's last film appearance.

### Lawsuit

Kim Inc., which had the rights for a 1954 film called *Istanbul* starring Virginia Bruce, brought a suit against Universal claiming $450,000 in damages and an injunction stopping use of the name *Istanbul*. This was dismissed.

## Soundtrack

Music and lyrics by Victor Young and Edward Heyman
Sung by Nat 'King' Cole

* *I Was a Little Too Lonely (and You Were a Little Too Late)*

Music and lyrics by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans
Sung by Nat 'King' Cole

* *Let's Love Again*

Written by Milton Rosen and Everett Carter

* *Venita*

Written by Henry Mancini and Frederick Herbert

* *Hi Ya Sailor*

Written by Milton Rosen and Everett Carter

* *Slightly Sentimental*

Written by Milton Rosen and Everett Carter

Music by Henry Mancini
Lyrics by Jeff Chandler

## Reception

### Critical

Bosley Crowther in his review for *The New York Times*, described *Istanbul*, as basically mediocre. "There is nothing to distinguish this production. The color is good and the CinemaScope inserts of the city by the Golden Horn are nice."

The *Los Angeles Times* called it "a moderately interesting drama of intrigue."

Film historian Leonard Maltin considered the film did not have many redeeming elements. "Sole bright spot: Cole singing "When I Fall in Love". Remake of *Singapore*.

*Filmink* magazine said "the script is full of echoes of *Casablanca* – it’s set in an exotic city, is about a shady hero who is (surprise) deep down a goodie and has a long-lost love, a black pianist friend and a friendly rivalry with the local chief of police – but they only serve to remind the viewer of what a better movie that was."

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Maltin, Leonard. *Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide 2009*. New York: New American Library, 2009 (originally published as *TV Movies*, then *Leonard Maltin’s Movie & Video Guide*), First edition 1969, published annually since 1988. ISBN 978-0-451-22468-2.
* Thomas, Tony, Rudy Behlmer and Clifford McCarty. *The Films of Errol Flynn*. New York: Citadel Press, 1969.

## InfoBox

| Istanbul | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster by Reynold Brown | |
| Directed by | Joseph Pevney |
| Written by | Barbara Gray
Richard Alan Simmons |
| Screenplay by | Seton I. Miller |
| Story by | Seton I. Miller |
| Produced by | Albert J. Cohen |
| Starring | Errol Flynn
Cornell Borchers |
| Cinematography | William H. Daniels |
| Edited by | Sherman Todd |
| Music by | Irving Gertz (uncredited) |
| Color process | Technicolor |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * January 23, 1957 (1957-01-23) (New York City) |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | 943,679 admissions (France) |


title: Waltz in Marathon

abstract: Waltz in Marathon is a 1983 novel written by Charles Dickinson, about a loan shark whose life is changed by the return of his grown children and an old romance.

text:
# Waltz in Marathon

***Waltz in Marathon*** is a 1983 novel written by Charles Dickinson, about a loan shark whose life is changed by the return of his grown children and an old romance.

## Plot summary

Gentleman loan shark Harry Waltz, a sixty-one-year-old resident of Marathon, Michigan, finds his life dramatically altered by the return of his grown children and his romance with Mary Hale, a successful, forty-year-old lawyer.

## Reception

*Waltz in Marathon* received positive reviews from critics. Ruth Doan MacDougall of The Christian Science Monitor wrote that "This is a startling first novel, mature and professional, abounding with good spirits."

The artwork for this book was done by illustrator and children's book author Fred Marcellino.

1. "Harry Waltz, Loan Shark, at home; Waltz in Marathon, by Charles Dickinson. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. 276 pp". *Christian Science Monitor*. 1983-12-02. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2017-11-22.

## InfoBox

Waltz in Marathon
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Charles Dickinson |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Publisher | Alfred A. Knopf |
| Publication date | September 12, 1983 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover) |
| Pages | 275 |
| ISBN | 039453199X |