title: Cribellum

abstract: Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates. In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer. In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the cribellum is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture. The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates a powerful adhesion without any liquid glue that tends to dry out. The spider cribellum is a functional homolog of the anterior median spinnerets of Mesothelae and Mygalomorphae, which do not have a cribellum.

text:
# Cribellum

**Cribellum** literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates.

In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer.

In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the **cribellum** is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture.

The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates a powerful adhesion without any liquid glue that tends to dry out.

The spider cribellum is a functional homolog of the anterior median spinnerets of Mesothelae and Mygalomorphae, which do not have a cribellum.

## Ancestral trait

The presence or absence of a cribellum is used to classify araneomorph spiders into the **cribellate** and **ecribellate** (not cribellate) type. The distinction can be used to study evolutionary relationships. However, in 1967 it was discovered that there are many families with both cribellate and ecribellate members (Lehtinen, 1967). Some species, such as *Amaurobius ferox*, are also capable of switching between cribellate and ecribellate silk, primarily using cribellate silk for webs and ecribellate silk for trophic eggs.

Today, it is believed that the precursor of all Araneomorphae was cribellate (symplesiomorphy), and that this function was lost in some araneomorph spiders secondarily (Coddington & Levy, 1991). Many of these still retain a ***colulus***, which is thought to be a reduced cribellum, and is of unknown function. However, some "ecribellate" spiders seem to have evolved independently, without cribellate precursors (Foelix, 1979). In Austrochilidae, the cribellum is developed only in the second nymphal stage, so the ecribellate and cribellate conditions change during the spider ontogenesis.

## Prevalence

Only about 180 genera in 23 families (1991) still contain cribellate members, although the diverse Australian cribellate fauna is still mostly undescribed. However, that fauna may be an example of high diversity in Australian animals that are only relicts in other regions of the world, like the marsupials (Coddington & Levy, 1991).

Cribellate taxa are not very speciose, and for nearly all cribellate-ecribellate sister clades the cribellate lineage is less diverse (Coddington & Levy, 1991), for example:

## Cribellate families

22 families of araneomorph spiders, namely Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Amphinectidae, Austrochilidae, Ctenidae, Deinopidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Gradungulidae, Hypochilidae, Miturgidae, Neolanidae, Nicodamidae, Oecobiidae, Psechridae, Stiphidiidae, Tengellidae, Titanoecidae, Uloboridae and Zoropsidae contain at least some cribellate spiders (Griswold *et al.* 1999). While some of these families are entirely cribellate, others contain both cribellate and ecribellate species.

## Diatom cribellum

The perforated regions of the frustule, or outside layer of many forms of diatom also are called cribella. In such species of diatom the frustule consists of a thin siliceous plate with many small pores.

1. Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). *Biology of Spiders* (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 118–122.
2. Hawthorn, Anya C.; Opell, Brent D. (2002). "Evolution of adhesive mechanisms in cribellar spider prey capture thread: evidence for van der Waals and hygroscopic forces". *Biological Journal of the Linnean Society*. **77** (1): 1–8. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00099.x.
3. Bott, Raya A. Baumgartner, Werner Bräunig, Peter Menzel, Florian Joel, Anna-Christin. Adhesion enhancement of cribellate capture threads by epicuticular waxes of the insect prey sheds new light on spider web evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 31 May 2017. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0363
4. Hajer, J., Foberová, L. & Řeháková, D. (2017). Silk-producing organs of ecribellate and cribellate nymphal stages in *Austrochilus* sp. (Araneae: Austrochilidae): Notes on the transformation of the anterior median spinnerets into the cribellum. *Israel Journal of Entomology* **47**: 21–33.
5. Gordon, Richard; Dusan Losic; Mary Ann Tiffany; Stephen S. Nagy; Frithjof A.S. Sterrenburg (February 2009). "The Glass Menagerie: diatoms for novel applications in nanotechnology". *Trends in Biotechnology*. **27** (2): 116–127. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.11.003. PMID 19167770.
* Lehtinen, P.T. (1967). Classification of the Cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. *Ann. Zool. Fennici* 4: 199–467.
* Foelix, Rainer F. (1979). Biologie der Spinnen. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. ISBN 3-13-575801-X
* Coddington, J.A. & Levi, H.W. (1991). Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae). *Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.* 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025
* Eberhard, William G. and Pereira, Flory. (1993). Ultrastructure of cribellate silk of nine species in eight families and possible taxonomic implications (Araneae: Amaurobiidae, Deinopidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Filistatidae, Hypochilidae, Stiphidiidae, Tengellidae). *Journal of Arachnology* 21(3): 161–174. PDF
* Huber, B.A. (1994): Spermophore morphology reveals a new synapomorphy of *Oecobius* and *Uroctea* (Araneae, Oecobiidae). *Journal of Arachnology* 22: 73–74. PDF Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
* Griswold, C.E., Coddington, J.A., Platnick, N.I. and Forster, R.R. (1999). Towards a Phylogeny of Entelegyne Spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae). *Journal of Arachnology* 27: 53–63. PDF Archived 2006-02-11 at the Wayback Machine


title: Joel Castón

abstract: Joel Castón is an American politician and convicted murderer who is currently serving on the Washington, D.C. Sentencing Commission. In 2021, Castón was elected to serve as the commissioner for Advisory Neighborhood Commission (ANC) district 7F07 while imprisoned in the D.C. Jail for murder, where he completed his sentence of over 20 years prior to being paroled. He became the first incarcerated person to win an election in the city and served on the ANC from June 2021 to January 2023. The election was the first in U.S. history where both the electorate and winning candidate were incarcerated. In February 2024, Castón was appointed to the D.C. Sentencing Commission, which helps shape sentencing guidelines for judges and prosecutors in D.C. Superior Court.

text:
# Joel Castón

**Joel Castón** (/dʒˈɛl kæsˈtn/, *joe-EL kas-TONE*) is an American politician and convicted murderer who is currently serving on the Washington, D.C. Sentencing Commission. In 2021, Castón was elected to serve as the commissioner for Advisory Neighborhood Commission (ANC) district 7F07 while imprisoned in the D.C. Jail for murder, where he completed his sentence of over 20 years prior to being paroled. He became the first incarcerated person to win an election in the city and served on the ANC from June 2021 to January 2023. The election was the first in U.S. history where both the electorate and winning candidate were incarcerated. In February 2024, Castón was appointed to the D.C. Sentencing Commission, which helps shape sentencing guidelines for judges and prosecutors in D.C. Superior Court.

## Early life and incarceration

Castón was raised in Ward 8 of Washington, D.C. His parents separated when he was a child due to his dad's alcoholism. At age 12, Castón began dealing drugs with his cousins. When he was fifteen, his house was destroyed in a fire and his family was left homeless. In November 1994, Castón was charged with first degree murder in the shooting death of Rafiq Washington which occurred on August 14, 1994. In 1996, he was sentenced to 35 years to life. Castón was incarcerated a federal prisons until he was transferred to the D.C. Jail in 2016.

While incarcerated, Castón earned a GED and took courses hosted by Georgetown University. Castón also led a jail newspaper and wrote papers on criminal justice reform. He was a Christian worship music leader, a financial literacy officer, and started a mentorship program called the Young Men Emerging Program.

Kim Kardashian filed a motion for Castón's release. He was granted parole in April 2021, and released from prison in November 2021.

## Political career

In November, 2020, Castón sought to run for the vacant Advisory Neighborhood Commission seat 7F07, but was disqualified due to his voter registration showing his old address in Ward 8. On June 15, 2021, while still residing in the D.C. Jail, Castón was elected to fill the seat, winning about a third of the vote. The Advisory Neighborhood Commission seat had been created in 2013, but Castón was the first person to hold the seat and the first incarcerated person elected to public office in Washington, D.C. In the election, Castón beat four other incarcerated candidates.

Castón was sworn into office on June 29, 2021. While incarcerated, Castón was given a laptop or tablet, an email account, and a workspace within the D.C. Jail to work on his ANC duties. After being granted parole, he continued to represent the district while living at a new apartment complex across the street. He successfully campaigned to have a new district made for just the jail, to exclude the growing apartment complex. Leonard Bishop was sworn in as the first commissioner of the new district, 7F08, in 2023.

In January 2024, Castón was nominated to serve as one of 17 members of the D.C. Sentencing Commission, which would help shape sentencing guidelines in the city. US Attorney for the District of Columbia Matthew M. Graves opposed Castón's nomination, saying that current sentencing guidelines led to a "revolving door" for those prosecuted in the D.C., and that Castón would further reduce incarcerations during a period of rising crime. A vote on Castón's nomination, scheduled for January 9, 2024, was postponed by D.C. Council chairman Phil Mendelson, saying that the temperature was "too high" after Graves' objections. A majority of council members favored Castón's appointment, while mayor Muriel Bowser supported Graves' concerns. On February 6, Castón was appointed to the sentencing commission as one of 12 voting members. 12 city council members voted in favor of Castón, with one, Brianne Nadeau, voting present.

## Personal life

Castón has one daughter. Castón is a Christian. He speaks Spanish, French, Arabic, and Mandarin.

## InfoBox

| Joel Castón | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of D.C. Sentencing Commission | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
February 6, 2024 | |
| Commissioner of Advisory Neighborhood Commission 7F | |
| **In office**
June 29, 2021  January 2, 2023 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1976 or 1977 (age 47–48)
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
|  | |


title: Monkwearmouth Academy

abstract: Monkwearmouth Academy is a state secondary school in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England, for pupils aged between 11 and 16. The most recent inspection report was in October 2013 and resulted in a judgement of good in all four aspects of the inspection.

text:
# Monkwearmouth Academy

**Monkwearmouth Academy** is a state secondary school in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England, for pupils aged between 11 and 16. The most recent inspection report was in October 2013 and resulted in a judgement of good in all four aspects of the inspection.

## Extra curricular activities

Monkwearmouth Academy offers different extra curricular activities for the students such as FILMCLUB and the student news production club, White Badger News, as well as opportunities to be on the School Council, which made various improvements to the school including refurbishment of the toilets. The school also participates in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme.

## Location

The school is located in Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. The catchment area is Seaburn and the surrounding area. The site has various facilities including a swimming pool and well-resourced faculty areas.

## Notable pupils

## InfoBox

| Monkwearmouth Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Torver Crescent
Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, SR6 8LG
England | |
| Coordinates | 54°56′14″N 1°23′10″W / 54.93709°N 1.38613°W / 54.93709; -1.38613 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | Growing Wisdom |
| Trust | The Wearmouth Learning Trust |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Chair | John Cogdon |
| Head teacher | Andre Szpak |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Website | www.monkwearmouth.sunderland.sch.uk |


title: Farzi (coat)

abstract: Farzi refers to an outer garment of the Mughal court. It was a coat with short sleeves and fur collars, opened in front. The length was shorter than Jama. Farzi was a winter's garment. Mughal emperors and courtiers were wearing it over the Jama, fastened with a decorated piece of cloth, i.e., Katzeb around the waist area with loosely hanging ends. Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers. The coat was very much famous in the 17th century among the royals.

text:
# Farzi (coat)

***Farzi*** refers to an outer garment of the Mughal court. It was a coat with short sleeves and fur collars, opened in front. The length was shorter than Jama. Farzi was a winter's garment. Mughal emperors and courtiers were wearing it over the Jama, fastened with a decorated piece of cloth, i.e., Katzeb around the waist area with loosely hanging ends. Farzi was one of the costumes given in *Khilat* (robes of honour) to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers. The coat was very much famous in the 17th century among the royals.


title: Kanal 9

abstract: Kanal 9 is a Swedish free-to-air television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. It targets the 25-59 age group, which is a slightly older age group than the sister channel Kanal 5. The channel launched on 25 February 2007. Its opening night featured the 79th Academy Awards. The programming consists of drama series, movies, sports and documentaries.

text:
# Kanal 9

**Kanal 9** (*Channel 9*) is a Swedish free-to-air television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. It targets the 25-59 age group, which is a slightly older age group than the sister channel Kanal 5. The channel launched on 25 February 2007. Its opening night featured the 79th Academy Awards. The programming consists of drama series, movies, sports and documentaries.

## History

Kanal 9 uses the space formerly occupied by ONE Television in the terrestrial network. This caused some controversy. A clause in the broadcasting license states that "news from the European Union and programmes from different European countries" should be included in the broadcasts. ONE used to broadcast several French and German programmes, as well as the news programme *European Journal* to comply with this clause. As SBS have stated that Kanal 9 will not broadcast any news at all, they could possibly violate the license.

The channel opened at 4.45pm (CET) with a Royal League match between F.C. Copenhagen and Hammarby IF. This was followed by an Oscars nights containing the movie *The Pianist* up to the Academy Awards at 2am. The first week's schedule also included *European Journal* and some non-British European content to comply with the broadcasting license, but it was broadcast outside primetime.

In the first weeks the channel had ratings over 100,000 viewers several times thanks to the broadcasts of ice hockey games. The highest rating in March 2007 was 215,000 for two ice hockey games. On 2 June 2007 Kanal 9 broadcast a UEFA Euro 2008 Qualifying game between Denmark and Sweden. The second half, that contained the fan attack, had a rating of 865,000, then the highest ever for a channel not belonging to the big five.

Kanal 9 participates in Olympic coverage along with Kanal 5 as part of parent company Discovery's free to air sub-licensing rights.

## Logos

1. Tillstånd att sända television med digital sändningsteknik Archived 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, page 23, §9
2. Ratings from MMS, "Mediamätning I Skandinavien". Archived from the original on 2006-12-12. Retrieved 2006-12-11.

## InfoBox

Kanal 9
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Sweden |
| Broadcast area | Sweden |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA
(Warner Bros. Discovery) |
| Sister channels | Kanal 5
Kanal 11
Discovery Channel (Swedish)
TLC (Swedish) |
| History | |
| Launched | 25 February 2007 (2007-02-25) |
| Replaced | ONE Television |
| Links | |
| Website | Official website |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Boxer | Channel 9 |
|  | |


title: Fanavid

abstract: Fanavid is a Brazilian glass manufacturer based in Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil. Fanavid specializes in all types of auto glass.

text:
# Fanavid

**Fanavid** is a Brazilian glass manufacturer based in Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil. Fanavid specializes in all types of auto glass.

## History

Fanavid was founded in 1963 by Mansur Jose Farhat in São Paulo, Brazil, as an importer of glass. In 1974 a tempered glass plant was founded in Village Guillermo. In 1980 a curved laminated glass and plain glass plant was founded. In 1992 a plant was opened in Dutra, with another opening there in 1995. In 2002, all the operations of Fanavid are centered in the plant of Guarulhos.


title: Grooverville, Georgia

abstract: Grooverville is an unincorporated community in Brooks County, Georgia, United States. It was once known as Key and was located at the crossing of the Thomasville and Madison and Sharpe's Store Road, which was in Thomas County prior to the creation of Brooks County from Lowndes and Thomas counties in 1858. Grooverville was incorporated on December 8, 1859. The charter of Grooverville was terminated by an act of the Georgia Legislature effective July 1, 1995. Since then, Grooverville has been granted status as Grooverville Historic Township by State of Georgia, Department of Community Affairs. Grooverville Methodist Church and Liberty Baptist Church, the later listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013, are located in the area.

text:
# Grooverville, Georgia

**Grooverville** is an unincorporated community in Brooks County, Georgia, United States. It was once known as **Key** and was located at the crossing of the Thomasville and Madison and Sharpe's Store Road, which was in Thomas County prior to the creation of Brooks County from Lowndes and Thomas counties in 1858.

Grooverville was incorporated on December 8, 1859. The charter of Grooverville was terminated by an act of the Georgia Legislature effective July 1, 1995. Since then, Grooverville has been granted status as **Grooverville Historic Township** by State of Georgia, Department of Community Affairs.

Grooverville Methodist Church and Liberty Baptist Church, the later listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013, are located in the area.

## Geography

Grooverville is located at 30°43′44″N 83°42′54″W / 30.72889°N 83.71500°W / 30.72889; -83.71500 (30.729141, -83.715055).

It is a circular area 1.25-mile (2.01 km) radius from the crossing of Liberty Church Road and Grooverville Road: 4.9 square miles (13 km2). It is located approximately 11 miles (18 km) west-southwest of Quitman.

1. *Acts and Resolutions of the General Assembly*. 1860. p. 170.
2. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). *Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins* (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 99. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
3. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.


title: Nordtrafikk

abstract: Nordtrafikk is a Norwegian truck and ambulance operator based in Sortland Municipality. The company operates ambulance services for Northern Norway Regional Health Authority. The company's bus and ferry operations were sold to Veolia Transport Norge in 2006. They formerly operated bus routes in Harstad Municipality, Lofoten, Salten, Trysil and Vesterålen and ferry transport in Lofoten and Vesterålen. Nordtrafikk was founded in 1936 with the name A/L Langøya Biltrafikk, later changed to Vesterålens Trafikklag AS and in 1988 to its present name. Since 1990 it has bought a number of companies, including Boldevins Bilruter (1990), Harstad Oppland Rutebil (1996), Nordland Ambulanse (1997), Lofoten Trafikklag (1999), Trysilbussen (2000) and Ambunor (2001).

text:
# Nordtrafikk

**Nordtrafikk** is a Norwegian truck and ambulance operator based in Sortland Municipality. The company operates ambulance services for Northern Norway Regional Health Authority. The company's bus (*Nordtrafikk Buss AS*) and ferry (*Nordtrafikk Maritim AS*) operations were sold to Veolia Transport Norge in 2006. They formerly operated bus routes in Harstad Municipality (including the airport bus to Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes), Lofoten, Salten, Trysil and Vesterålen and ferry transport in Lofoten and Vesterålen.

Nordtrafikk was founded in 1936 with the name **A/L Langøya Biltrafikk**, later changed to **Vesterålens Trafikklag AS** and in 1988 to its present name. Since 1990 it has bought a number of companies, including Boldevins Bilruter (1990), Harstad Oppland Rutebil (1996), Nordland Ambulanse (1997), Lofoten Trafikklag (1999), Trysilbussen (2000) and Ambunor (2001).

## Management

Ole Lund Riber was CEO from 1987 until 2007, when the position was taken over by Terje Steiro. Before ´87, Ole Lund Riber ran Nordtrafikk's forerunner Vesterålen Trafikklag.

## InfoBox

Nordtrafikk AS
| Company type | Aksjeselskap |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Transport |
| Founded | 15 April 1936 |
| Headquarters | Sortland, Norway |
| Area served | Northern Norway |


title: Joel Sobotka

abstract: Joel Sobotka is the former head men's basketball coach for Portland State University and was most recently the head coach of Valley Catholic High School in Beaverton, Oregon. He also was a former assistant coach at Cal State Northridge and the University of Portland. Prior to Cal State Northridge, he was an assistant coach under Ritchie McKay, and then head coach for four seasons at Portland State University.

text:
# Joel Sobotka

**Joel Sobotka** (born August 20, 1970) is the former head men's basketball coach for Portland State University and was most recently the head coach of Valley Catholic High School in Beaverton, Oregon. He also was a former assistant coach at Cal State Northridge and the University of Portland. Prior to Cal State Northridge, he was an assistant coach under Ritchie McKay, and then head coach for four seasons at Portland State University.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Portland State**  *(Big Sky Conference)* (1998–2002) | | | | | | | | |
| 1998–99 | Portland State | 17–11 | 9–7 | 3rd |  |
| 1999–2000 | Portland State | 15–14 | 7–9 | 6th |  |
| 2000–01 | Portland State | 9–18 | 6–10 | 7th |  |
| 2001–02 | Portland State | 12–16 | 6–8 | 6th |  |
| **Portland State:** | | 53–59 (.473) | 28–34 (.452) |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 53–59 (.473) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |


title: Ganeriwals

abstract:
Ganeriwala family are a Marwari Agrawal family, connected with the financial, social and cultural history of Rajasthan. Through the 19th and early 20th century, members of the family were financiers and money lenders in the princely state, and they served as treasurers for the royal families of the state. A common trait among the traditional banking families of Rajasthan, members of the Ganeriwala family have been credited for the construction of various Hindu temples and haveli’s in Rajasthan. Shobharam Birla, the grandfather of Raja Baldeo Das Birla, worked with the Ganeriwala family, before the Birlas emerged as the leading industrialists of India. Shivaji was known to be a frequent visitor of the Ganeriwala Haveli holding close ties with their family patriarch. In the 1800s, Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala’s branch of the family separated from the rest to become treasurers and bankers of the Nizams of Hyderabad, namely Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, the worlds richest man at a point. This was not acceptable to the rest of the family who believed their family duties lied in serving a Hindu ruler. However, Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala stuck to his Hindu roots and built one of Hyderabad’s most famous Hindu temples - Sitaram Bagh Temple. The Great prefix was the result of the Great firm theory applied to the Marwari family businesses like the Geat Ganeriwala firm, Great Tarachand and Great Sevaram Ramnikhdas Neotia's became leading agents of Burma Shell before forming Ambuja Cements Ltd.
Ganeriwala family trusts consist of temples, schools, wells and dharmashalas since the 1800s. The Sitaram Bagh temple at Hyderabad was built by Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala, in 1830s who had also built the noted Rangji temple in Pushkar in 1850. Mody University of Laxhmangarh is built on land donated by the Ganeriwala family. Sitaram Bagh temple is spread over 25 acres and classified as a heritage property. Shree Raghunathji Mandir in Nashik was donated by mother of Seth Ram Dutt Ganeriwala over a 120-acre land. Geeta Vatika also known as Geeta Garden in Gorkahpur was built on the land donated by Seth Jaydayal Ganeriwala. Haveli's belonging to the descendants include ones in Fatehpur, Mukundgarh, Lakshmangarh, Ratnagarh.The Char Chawk Ki Haveli is the largest haveli of Shekhawati, owned by several branches of the Ganeriwala family previously and now managed and led by Shri Girdharilalji Ganeriwala. Other temples near Jaipur include ones in Ratnagarth, Mukundgarh, Fatehpur, Sirsa, Ganeri etc. Ganeriwala family trusts consist of: temples, schools, wells and dharmashalas since the 1800s. The Sitaram Bagh temple at Hyderabad was built by Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala, in 1830s who had also built the noted Rangji temple in Pushkar in 1850. Mody University of Laxhmangarh is built on land donated by the Ganeriwala family. Sitaram Bagh temple is spread over 25 acres and classified as a heritage property. Shree Raghunathji Mandir in Nashik was donated by mother of Seth Ram Dutt Ganeriwala over a 120-acre land. Haveli's belonging to the descendants include ones in Fatehpur, Mukundgarh, Lakshmangarh, Ratnagarh.The Char Chawk Ki Haveli is the largest haveli of Shekhawati, owned by several branches of the Ganeriwala family previously and now managed and led by Shri Girdharilalji Ganeriwala. Other temples near Jaipur include ones in Ratnagarth, Mukundgarh, Fatehpur, Sirsa, Ganeri etc. Besides various famous legacy of ancestors of Ganeriwals from Burma, Kolkata, Hyderabad, the new generation of Ganeriwals is not far too behind. The newer generation of this wonderful legacy continues to add an arrow to the quiver of Ganeriwala family name. Some of the notable trailblazers of this clan are celebrity dietician Mummun Ganeriwal. Ritesh Ganeriwal head of investment advisory at Syfe, Anirudh Ganeriwal of Food Darzi, Dr. Simran Ganeriwal Cleveland. Not to forget the youngest climate activists sisters Dhaanya and Reaha Ganeriwal from Hong Kong. They are only 9yr and 11yr old sisters to deliver their first TEDx talk.

text:
# Ganeriwals

**Ganeriwala family** are a Marwari Agrawal family, connected with the financial, social and cultural history of Rajasthan. Through the 19th and early 20th century, members of the family were financiers and money lenders in the princely state, and they served as treasurers for the royal families of the state. A common trait among the traditional banking families of Rajasthan, members of the Ganeriwala family have been credited for the construction of various Hindu temples and haveli’s in Rajasthan.

Shobharam Birla, the grandfather of Raja Baldeo Das Birla, worked with the Ganeriwala family, before the Birlas emerged as the leading industrialists of India.

Shivaji was known to be a frequent visitor of the Ganeriwala Haveli holding close ties with their family patriarch. In the 1800s, Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala’s branch of the family separated from the rest to become treasurers and bankers of the Nizams of Hyderabad, namely Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, the worlds richest man at a point. This was not acceptable to the rest of the family who believed their family duties lied in serving a Hindu ruler.

**However, Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala stuck to his Hindu roots and built one of Hyderabad’s most famous Hindu temples - Sitaram Bagh Temple (now being managed by Dr. Arvind Kumar Ganeriwal and his family).**

The Great prefix was the result of the Great firm theory applied to the Marwari family businesses like the Geat Ganeriwala firm, Great Tarachand (promoted by Neotia's, patriarchs of Ambuja Cement Ltd) and Great Sevaram Ramnikhdas Neotia's became leading agents of Burma Shell before forming Ambuja Cements Ltd. Ganeriwala family trusts consist of temples, schools, wells and dharmashalas since the 1800s. The Sitaram Bagh temple at Hyderabad was built by Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala, in 1830s who had also built the noted Rangji temple in Pushkar in 1850. Mody University of Laxhmangarh is built on land donated by the Ganeriwala family. Sitaram Bagh temple is spread over 25 acres and classified as a heritage property. Shree Raghunathji Mandir in Nashik was donated by mother of Seth Ram Dutt Ganeriwala over a 120-acre land. Geeta Vatika also known as Geeta Garden in Gorkahpur was built on the land donated by Seth Jaydayal Ganeriwala. Haveli's belonging to the descendants include ones in Fatehpur, Mukundgarh, Lakshmangarh, Ratnagarh.The Char Chawk Ki Haveli is the largest haveli of Shekhawati, owned by several branches of the Ganeriwala family previously and now managed and led by Shri Girdharilalji Ganeriwala. Other temples near Jaipur include ones in Ratnagarth, Mukundgarh, Fatehpur, Sirsa, Ganeri etc.

Ganeriwala family trusts consist of: temples, schools, wells and dharmashalas since the 1800s. ***The Sitaram Bagh temple at Hyderabad was built by Seth Puranmal Ganeriwala, in 1830s who had also built the noted Rangji temple in Pushkar in 1850***. Mody University of Laxhmangarh is built on land donated by the Ganeriwala family. Sitaram Bagh temple is spread over 25 acres and classified as a heritage property. Shree Raghunathji Mandir in Nashik was donated by mother of Seth Ram Dutt Ganeriwala over a 120-acre land. Haveli's belonging to the descendants include ones in Fatehpur, Mukundgarh, Lakshmangarh, Ratnagarh.The Char Chawk Ki Haveli is the largest haveli of Shekhawati, owned by several branches of the Ganeriwala family previously and now managed and led by Shri Girdharilalji Ganeriwala. Other temples near Jaipur include ones in Ratnagarth, Mukundgarh, Fatehpur, Sirsa, Ganeri etc.

Besides various famous legacy of ancestors of Ganeriwals from Burma, Kolkata, Hyderabad, the new generation of Ganeriwals is not far too behind. The newer generation of this wonderful legacy continues to add an arrow to the quiver of Ganeriwala family name. Some of the notable trailblazers of this clan are celebrity dietician **Mummun Ganeriwal** . Ritesh Ganeriwal head of investment advisory at Syfe, Anirudh Ganeriwal of Food Darzi, Dr. **Simran Ganeriwal** Cleveland. Not to forget the youngest climate activists sisters **Dhaanya and Reaha Ganeriwal** from Hong Kong. They are only 9yr and 11yr old sisters to deliver their first TEDx talk.

10.https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=VoDjoDOKEOw

11.https://www.tatlerasia.com/power-purpose/front-female/six-sustainability-influencers-to-follow-in-hong-kong

12.https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3162574/hong-kong-youth-climate-activists-aged-8-and-10-striking

13.https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/blog/7072/lets-talk-about-climate-change-who-cares-about-cop26-4-young-climate-activists-in-hong-kong-tell-you-more/

14.https://www.arounddb.com/around-db-articles/just-do-it-sisters-act/

15.https://coffeeandconversations.in/tag/my-green-mantra/


title: Monte Tabor (Recanati)

abstract:
Monte Tabor is a hill in Recanati, Marche, Italy. It is also called "the hill of infinity" because it is described as the site of a spiritual epiphany in Giacomo Leopardi's famous poem "L'infinito". Coincidentally, it is named after Mount Tabor in Israel, believed by many Christians to be the site of another spiritual manifestation, the Transfiguration of Jesus.
  -

text:
# Monte Tabor (Recanati)

**Monte Tabor** is a hill in Recanati, Marche, Italy. It is also called "the hill of infinity" because it is described as the site of a spiritual epiphany in Giacomo Leopardi's famous poem "L'infinito".

Coincidentally, it is named after Mount Tabor in Israel, believed by many Christians to be the site of another spiritual manifestation, the Transfiguration of Jesus.

## InfoBox

| Monte Tabor (Recanati) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Recanati, Marche, Italy |


title: Monochamus foveolatus

abstract: Monochamus foveolatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hintz, in 1911.

text:
# Monochamus foveolatus

***Monochamus foveolatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hintz, in 1911.

## InfoBox

| *Monochamus foveolatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | *Monochamus* |
| Species: | ***M. foveolatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monochamus foveolatus***<br>Hintz, 1911 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Monochamus unicolor* Breuning, 1939 | |


title: Monochamus densepunctatus

abstract: Monochamus densepunctatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1980.

text:
# Monochamus densepunctatus

***Monochamus densepunctatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1980.

## InfoBox

| *Monochamus densepunctatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | *Monochamus* |
| Species: | ***M. densepunctatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monochamus densepunctatus***<br>Breuning, 1980 | |
|


title: Gonna Make You a Star

abstract: "Gonna Make You A Star" is a pop/rock recording by David Essex. Written by David Essex and produced by Jeff Wayne, "Gonna Make You a Star" was Essex's first number-one, spending three weeks at the top of the UK Singles Chart, in November 1974. It peaked at number 105 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the USA. The record featured prominent use of the synthesizer. In 2007, the song was released again by Lee Mead, winner of the Any Dream Will Do BBC One TV competition, which was then shown in the spring of 2009 in the US on BBC America; Mead then starred in the title role for 18 months in Andrew Lloyd Webber's West End revival of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat. British comedian Peter Kay had his character Marc Park release "Gonna Make You a Star" as his first single after winning the fictional Talent Trek competition in his 2000 Channel 4 spoof documentary series That Peter Kay Thing. Essex's song was also featured in his jukebox musical, All the Fun of the Fair.

text:
# Gonna Make You a Star

"**Gonna Make You A Star**" is a pop/rock recording by David Essex. Written by David Essex and produced by Jeff Wayne, "Gonna Make You a Star" was Essex's first number-one, spending three weeks at the top of the UK Singles Chart, in November 1974. It peaked at number 105 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart in the USA. The record featured prominent use of the synthesizer.

In 2007, the song was released again by Lee Mead, winner of the *Any Dream Will Do* BBC One TV competition, which was then shown in the spring of 2009 in the US on BBC America; Mead then starred in the title role for 18 months in Andrew Lloyd Webber's West End revival of *Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat.* British comedian Peter Kay had his character Marc Park release "Gonna Make You a Star" as his first single after winning the fictional *Talent Trek* competition in his 2000 Channel 4 spoof documentary series *That Peter Kay Thing*.

Essex's song was also featured in his jukebox musical, *All the Fun of the Fair.*

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Gonna Make You A Star" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by David Essex | |
| from the album  *David Essex* | |
| B-side | "Window" |
| Released | 27 September 1974 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3"47' |
| Label | CBS |
| Songwriter(s) | David Essex |
| Producer(s) | Jeff Wayne |
| David Essex singles chronology | |
| "America"
(1974) "**Gonna Make You A Star**"
(1974) "Stardust"
(1974) | |


title: Unión Ájax

abstract: Unión Ájax is a Honduran soccer club based in Trujillo, Honduras. The club has played in the Honduran second division as recently as in 2011.

text:
# Unión Ájax

**Unión Ájax** is a Honduran soccer club based in Trujillo, Honduras.

The club has played in the Honduran second division as recently as in 2011.

## Former managers

## InfoBox

Unión Ájax
| Full name | Unión Ájax |
| --- | --- |
| Ground | Estadio Jorge Leonidas García <br>Trujillo, Honduras |
| Capacity | 4,000 |
| Chairman | Mario Andrade |
| Manager | Dennis Allen |
| League | Liga Mayor |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Goodenia atriplexifolia

abstract: Goodenia atriplexifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a woody sub-shrub covered with woolly hairs, with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with toothed or serrated edges, and leafy spikes of cream-coloured flowers.

text:
# Goodenia atriplexifolia

***Goodenia atriplexifolia*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a woody sub-shrub covered with woolly hairs, with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with toothed or serrated edges, and leafy spikes of cream-coloured flowers.

## Description

*Goodenia atriplexifolia* is a woody subs-shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 30 cm (12 in) and is densely covered with fine, white, woolly hairs. The leaves are elliptic to egg-shaped, 8–28 mm (0.31–1.10 in) long, 4–14 mm (0.16–0.55 in) wide and sessile with toothed or serrated esges. The flowers are arranged in spikes 200 mm (7.9 in) long with leaf-like bracts at the base of each of up to three flowers. The sepals are triangular, 1.0–1.4 mm (0.039–0.055 in) long, the petals cream-coloured, 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long, the lower lobes 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long with wings 0.6–1.2 mm (0.024–0.047 in) wide. Flowering occurs from June to September and the fruit is an elliptic to more or less spherical capsule 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Goodenia atriplexifolia* was first formally described in 2002 by Ailsa E. Holland and T.P. Boyle in the journal *Austrobaileya* from specimens collected 150 km (93 mi) south of Longreach in 2001. The specific epithet (*atriplexifolia*) is a reference to a similarity of the leaves to those in the genus *Atriplex*.

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia grows in shrubland and woodland with a *Triodia* understorey between Opalton and the Grey Range in central Queensland.

## Conservation status

*Goodenia atriplexifolia* is classed as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government *Nature Conservation Act 1992*.

## InfoBox

| *Goodenia atriplexifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Goodeniaceae |
| Genus: | *Goodenia* |
| Species: | ***G. atriplexifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Goodenia atriplexifolia***<br>A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle | |
|


title: Goodenia blackiana

abstract: Goodenia blackiana, commonly known as Black's goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to southern Australia. It is a herb with egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of yellow flowers.

text:
# Goodenia blackiana

***Goodenia blackiana***, commonly known as **Black's goodenia**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to southern Australia. It is a herb with egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of yellow flowers.

## Description

*Goodenia blackiana* is a prostrate to ascending perennial herb that typically grows to a height of 200 mm (7.9 in), with stems up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long. The leaves are mostly at the base of the plant, egg-shaped to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 20–60 mm (0.79–2.36 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) wide, with cottony, woolly hairs on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 50 mm (2.0 in) long on a peduncle 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long, or are solitary in leaf axils. Each flower is on a pedicel 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long with a linear bracteoles 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long at the base. The sepals are narrow oblong to egg-shaped, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long, the petals yellow, 13–14 mm (0.51–0.55 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long with wings about 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. Flowering mainly occurs from September to January and the fruit is a more or less cylindrical capsule about 10 mm (0.39 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Goodenia blackiana* was first formally described in 1992 by Roger Charles Carolin in the *Flora of Australia* from material collected in the Grampians in 1953.

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia grows in mallee, woodland and grassland in scattered locations in western and northern Victoria and south-eastern South Australia.

## InfoBox

| Black's goodenia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Scott Creek Conservation Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Goodeniaceae |
| Genus: | *Goodenia* |
| Species: | ***G. blackiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Goodenia blackiana***<br>Carolin | |
|


title: Untamed Youth (1924 film)

abstract: Untamed Youth is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Emile Chautard and starring Derelys Perdue, Lloyd Hughes and Ralph Lewis.

text:
# Untamed Youth (1924 film)

***Untamed Youth*** is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Emile Chautard and starring Derelys Perdue, Lloyd Hughes and Ralph Lewis.

## Plot summary

## Cast

## Preservation

With no prints of *Untamed Youth* located in any film archives, it is considered a lost film.

## Bibliography

* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1*. University of California Press, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Untamed Youth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Emile Chautard |
| Written by | Charles Beahan
Charles Stillson |
| Based on | *Born of the Cyclone*
by G. Marion Burton |
| Starring | Derelys Perdue
Lloyd Hughes
Ralph Lewis |
| Cinematography | Pierre Collings
Joseph A. Dubray |
| Production
company | Robertson-Cole Pictures Corporation |
| Distributed by | Film Booking Offices of America |
| Release date | * May 4, 1924 (1924-05-04) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Monsieur de Pourceaugnac

abstract: Monsieur de Pourceaugnac is a three-act comédie-ballet—a ballet interrupted by spoken dialogue—by Molière, first presented on 6 October 1669 before the court of Louis XIV at the Château of Chambord by Molière's troupe of actors. Subsequent public performances were given at the theatre of the Palais-Royal beginning on 18 November 1669. The music was composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully, the choreography was by Pierre Beauchamp, the sets were by Carlo Vigarani, and the costumes were created by the chevalier d’Arvieux. Lully notably took a role himself on stage in the work's première, portraying a physician in the dance of the enemas.

text:
# Monsieur de Pourceaugnac

***Monsieur de Pourceaugnac*** is a three-act *comédie-ballet*—a ballet interrupted by spoken dialogue—by Molière, first presented on 6 October 1669 before the court of Louis XIV at the Château of Chambord by Molière's troupe of actors. Subsequent public performances were given at the theatre of the Palais-Royal beginning on 18 November 1669. The music was composed by Jean-Baptiste Lully, the choreography was by Pierre Beauchamp, the sets were by Carlo Vigarani, and the costumes were created by the chevalier d’Arvieux.

Lully notably took a role himself on stage in the work's première, portraying a physician in the dance of the enemas. (Molière regularly performed in his own stage works.)

## Overview

This comedy-ballet was written in September 1669 by Molière at the Chateau de Chambord, a village located in the former province of Orleans (Kingdom of France) and the current French department of Loir-et-Cher.

The piece was published in Paris by Jean Ribou in a book dating from 1670.

The ballet score by Lully is recorded in two books published between 1700 and 1710. For one of them, the exact date is unknown, probably made by the workshop of the copyist and librarian of Louis XIV, André Danican Philidor, and consists of alternating sheets of ballet and texts of the script. The other, probably made in 1706 by the copyist Henri Foucault contains only the ballet score.

Several previous works are discussed as having in part inspired Molière's Pourceaugnac: the *General History of Thieves* François de Calvi published in 1631; "*La désolation des filous sur la défense des armes*" (The desolation of pickpockets on the defence of war); and "*Les malades qui se portent bien*" (The sick who are well") by Jean Simonin dit Chevalier, a one-act comedy published in 1662. In 1705, Jean-Léonor Le Gallois de Grimarest, Molière's first biographer, writes about the origins of the character Pourceaugnac: "It is said that Pourceaugnac was made based on a gentleman Limousin, who during one show, had a quarrel with theatre actors, whom he ridiculed, with which he was charged. Molière to avenge this act, put it into the theater and made a fun for the people, who were delighted with this piece, which was performed at Chambord in September of 1669, and in Paris a month later."

## Synopsis

Monsieur de Pourceaugnac is betrothed to Julie, the daughter of Oronte. Unbeknownst to him, Julie is in love with the young and handsome Parisian Éraste and has no desire to wed Pourceaugnac. In order to avoid the impending marriage, Julie and Éraste solicit the help of Sbrigani who uses all of his guile to help the young couple through a series of clever deceits.

## Performances

The piece premiered at the Château de Chambord for the entertainment of the King of France, Louis XIV on 6 October 1669.

The work was a big success and was performed 49 times in the lifetime of its author; in addition to the first performance at Chateau de Chambord, it played once, 4 November 1669, at Versailles and 47 times in the theatre of the Palais Royal in Paris between 15 November 1669 and 11 September 1672.

After the death of Molière, the play was performed once the theatre of the hotel Guénégaud, Paris, in 1680, at Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1681, twelve times in the theatre of the rue des Fosses in Saint-Germain, Paris, between 1701 and 1750, once at the Château de Bellevue in 1751, five times at the Grand Theatre de la Monnaie in Brussels between 1753 and 1785, three times in the theatre du Capitole in Toulouse between 1786 and 1789, the theatre national Caen, then twice at the Grand Theatre de la Monnaie in Brussels in 1791.

## Adaptations

*Squire Trelooby* (1704) is an English-language adaptation of the play by William Congreve, William Walsh and John Vanbrugh.

Operatic settings of the play include those by Castil-Blaze (a pasticcio using music of Rossini, Weber, and others; 1826), Alberto Franchetti (*Il signore di Pourceaugnac*; 1897), and Frank Martin (1962). The play is also one of the sources of the opera *Der Rosenkavalier* by Richard Strauss and Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

There are film versions of Molière's play from 1930 and 1985 (by Michel Mitrani).

Gaetano Donizetti's comic opera *Il giovedì grasso, o il nuovo Pourceaugnac* is not a setting of Molière's play, but instead depicts a scheme which the characters consciously model on *Monsieur de Pourceaugnac*.

* Garreau, Joseph E. (1 November 1983). "Molière". In Hochman, Stanley (ed.). *McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama*. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 397–418. ISBN 978-0070791695.


title: Upside Down (Set It Off album)

abstract: Upside Down is the third studio album by American band Set It Off. The album was released on October 7, 2016, through record labels Equal Vision Records and Rude Records. It is the first album of the band after the departure of bassist Austin Kerr in 2015.

text:
# Upside Down (Set It Off album)

***Upside Down*** is the third studio album by American band Set It Off. The album was released on October 7, 2016, through record labels Equal Vision Records and Rude Records. It is the first album of the band after the departure of bassist Austin Kerr in 2015.

## Promotion and release

The first single from the album, "Uncontainable", was released on March 18, 2016, alongside the announcement of *Upside Down*. The second single of the album, "Something New", was released on June 29, with a music video. That same day, the band revealed the track listing and the art cover of the album. The third single of the album, "Life Afraid", was released on August 4, with a lyric video. A music video of the song was published in the band's official youtube channel the same day the album was released. The fourth and last single of the album, "Hypnotized", was released on April 17, 2017, with a music video.

## Critical reception

The album received average reviews from critics. Matt Collar from Allmusic wrote that the album "is another stylistically robust effort that finds Set it Off incorporating their love of hip-hop, R&B, and hooky pop into their infectious punk style."

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Spectrum Culture |  |
| Upset |  |

## Track listing

*Upside Down* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Something New" |  | Paddock | 3:25 |
| 2. | "Uncontainable" |  | Ron | 2:59 |
| 3. | "Life Afraid" |  | * Paddock * Chahayed | 3:00 |
| 4. | "Upside Down" | * Carson * Paddock | Paddock | 3:35 |
| 5. | "Want" | * Carson * Clermont * Paddock * Ron | * Paddock * Ron | 3:57 |
| 6. | "Diamond Girl" | * Carson * Clermont * Paddock * Rami Jrade | Paddock | 3:46 |
| 7. | "Tug of War" | * Carson * Clermont * Green | Green | 3:55 |
| 8. | "Admit It" | * Carson * Clermont * Ron | Green | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Hypnotized" | * Carson * Clermont * Paddock * Chahayed | * Paddock * Chahayed | 3:44 |
| 10. | "Never Know" | * Carson * Clermont * Ron | Ron | 3:14 |
| 11. | "Crutch" |  | Goldstein | 3:04 |
| 12. | "Me w/o Us" | * Carson * Clermont * Ron | Ron | 3:18 |
| Total length: | | | | 41:20 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Allmusic.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Album Downloads Chart | 91 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 51 |
| US Top Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 22 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| US Top Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 13 |

## InfoBox

| Upside Down | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Set It Off | |
| Released | October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07) |
| Studio | Grey Area Studios
(North Hollywood, Los Angeles) |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 41:20 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Set It Off chronology | |
| *Duality*
(2014) ***Upside Down***
(2016) *Midnight*
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Upside Down* | |
| 1. "Uncontainable"
Released: March 18, 2016 2. "Something New"
Released: June 29, 2016 3. "Life Afraid"
Released: August 4, 2016 4. "Hypnotized"
Released: April 17, 2017 | |
|  | |


title: Upside Down (group)

abstract: Upside Down were an English boy band which consisted of Chris Leng, Giles Kristian, Jamie Browne and Richard Micallef. The formation of the group was featured in the late night BBC Television documentary series, Inside Story. The group was developed by World Records, an independent record label who had staked everything on the success of their act. Their first single, "Change Your Mind", was written for fellow 1990s boy band Bad Boys Inc and, following the broadcast of the Inside Story documentary, it jumped from No. 35 to No. 12 in the charts, peaking at No. 11 a week later. After four hit singles, World Records went into bankruptcy and Upside Down re-grouped as Orange Orange with no further success. Kristian went on to be a bestselling author of historical fiction. They appeared on BBC's Top of The Pops in 1996.

text:
# Upside Down (group)

**Upside Down** were an English boy band which consisted of Chris Leng, Giles Kristian, Jamie Browne and Richard Micallef. The formation of the group was featured in the late night BBC Television documentary series, *Inside Story*.

The group was developed by World Records, an independent record label who had staked everything on the success of their act. Their first single, "Change Your Mind", was written for fellow 1990s boy band Bad Boys Inc and, following the broadcast of the *Inside Story* documentary, it jumped from No. 35 to No. 12 in the charts, peaking at No. 11 a week later. After four hit singles, World Records went into bankruptcy and Upside Down re-grouped as **Orange Orange** with no further success. Kristian went on to be a bestselling author of historical fiction.

They appeared on BBC's Top of The Pops in 1996.

## Discography

### Singles

**As Upside Down** * "Change Your Mind" (1996), World Records - No. 11 UK
* "Every Time I Fall in Love" (1996), World Records - No. 18 UK
* "Never Found a Love Like This Before" (1996), World Records - No. 19 UK
* "If You Leave Me Now" (1996), World Records - No. 27 UK

**As Orange Orange** * "Beautiful Day" (1997), Blue Cherry/Big Banana's - No. 83 UK

## InfoBox

| Upside Down | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Pop, dance |
| Years active | 19951997 |
| Labels | World Records |
|  | |
| Past members | Giles Kristian
Chris Leng
Jamie Browne
Richard Micallef |


title: Gonarpura

abstract: Gonarpura is a village development committee in Mahottari District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5421 people living in 1026 individual households.

text:
# Gonarpura

**Gonarpura**  is a village development committee in Mahottari District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5421 people living in 1026 individual households.

1. "Nepal Census 2001", *Nepal's Village Development Committees*, Digital Himalaya, retrieved 15 November 2009.

## InfoBox

| Gonarpura गोनारपुरा | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| GonarpuraLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 26°44′N 85°48′E / 26.73°N 85.80°E / 26.73; 85.80 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Janakpur Zone |
| District | Mahottari District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 5,421 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Gonario I of Torres

abstract: Gonario I Comita was the first known Judge of Logudoro and Arborea from perhaps as early as the late tenth century and as late as circa 1038. It is possible that he was the father of Barison I of Logudoro and Orzocorre I of Arborea. The families of Torchitorio, Athen, Salanis, Kerki, Lacon, Gunale, Thori, Serra, Orrubu, and Sogostas can be identified in the Sardinia of his day, but to which he belonged is unknown. He had a sister named Giorgia and married Tocode. He made his capital at Tharros in Arborea.

text:
# Gonario I of Torres

**Gonario I Comita** (also *Gunnari*, *Gunnar*, *Gunnarius*, *Gonmar*, *Gunter*, or *Gunther*) was the first known Judge of Logudoro and Arborea from perhaps as early as the late tenth century and as late as circa 1038. It is possible that he was the father of Barison I of Logudoro and Orzocorre I of Arborea.

The families of Torchitorio, Athen, Salanis, Kerki, Lacon, Gunale, Thori, Serra, Orrubu, and Sogostas can be identified in the Sardinia of his day, but to which he belonged is unknown. He had a sister named Giorgia and married Tocode. He made his capital at Tharros in Arborea.


title: Gonatista grisea

abstract: Gonatista grisea, common name grizzled mantis, Florida bark mantis or lichen mimic mantis, is a species of praying mantis native to the southern United States, primarily Florida. They commonly perch on trees facing down to wait for prey, and will eat any insect they can overpower.

text:
# Gonatista grisea

***Gonatista grisea***, common name **grizzled mantis**, **Florida bark mantis** or **lichen mimic mantis**, is a species of praying mantis native to the southern United States, primarily Florida. They commonly perch on trees facing down to wait for prey, and will eat any insect they can overpower.

## InfoBox

| Grizzled mantis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mantodea |
| Family: | Epaphroditidae |
| Genus: | *Gonatista* |
| Species: | ***G. grisea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gonatista grisea***<br>Fabricius, 1793 | |
|


title: Gold Coast ackey

abstract: The ackey was a currency issued for the Gold Coast by the British between 1796 and 1818. It was subdivided into 8 takoe and was equal to the British halfcrown, i.e., 1 takoe = 33⁄4 pence and 1 pound = 8 ackey. The currency consisted of silver coins in denominations of 1 takoe, 1⁄4, 1⁄2 and 1 ackey. All coins bar the takoe carried the inscription "Free Trade to Africa by Act of Parliament 1750", commemorating the African Company Act 1750 which dissolved the Royal African Company and created the African Company of Merchants, which remained in existence while the ackey was in circulation. The name derived from the use of ackee seeds for weighing gold dust; one ackee seed weighed about 20 troy grains.

text:
# Gold Coast ackey

The **ackey** was a currency issued for the Gold Coast by the British between 1796 and 1818. It was subdivided into 8 *takoe* and was equal to the British halfcrown, i.e., 1 takoe = 334 pence and 1 pound = 8 ackey.

The currency consisted of silver coins in denominations of 1 takoe, 14, 12 and 1 ackey. All coins bar the takoe carried the inscription "Free Trade to Africa by Act of Parliament 1750", commemorating the African Company Act 1750 which dissolved the Royal African Company and created the African Company of Merchants, which remained in existence while the ackey was in circulation.

The name derived from the use of ackee (*Blighia sapida*) seeds for weighing gold dust; one ackee seed weighed about 20 troy grains (1.3 grams).

## InfoBox

Gold Coast ackey
| 1818 ackey coin, minted in Birmingham and bearing the head of King George III | |
| --- | --- |
| Unit | |
| Plural | ackeys |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit |  |
| 18 | takoe |
| Coins |  |
| Freq. used | 1 takoe; 14, 12 and 1 ackey |
| Demographics | |
| Date of introduction | 1796 |
| User(s) | Colony of the Gold Coast |


title: Gondenans-Montby

abstract: Gondenans-Montby is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Gondenans-Montby

**Gondenans-Montby** (French pronunciation: \[ɡɔ̃dnɑ̃ mɔ̃bi\]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 154 |  |
| 1968 | 177 | +14.9% |
| 1975 | 169 | −4.5% |
| 1982 | 198 | +17.2% |
| 1990 | 195 | −1.5% |
| 1999 | 175 | −10.3% |
| 2008 | 168 | −4.0% |
| 2012 | 172 | +2.4% |

## InfoBox

| Gondenans-Montby | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The chateau in Montby | |
| Location of Gondenans-Montby | |
| Gondenans-MontbyGondenans-Montby | |
| Coordinates: 47°26′01″N 6°27′12″E / 47.4336°N 6.4533°E / 47.4336; 6.4533 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Doubs |
| Arrondissement | Besançon |
| Canton | Baume-les-Dames |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Alain Girardot |
| Area**1** | 11.78 km2 (4.55 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 166 |
| Density | 14/km2 (36/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 25276 /25340 |
| Elevation | 318–494 m (1,043–1,621 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Gonder, Haryana

abstract:
Gonder is a village in Karnal district, Haryana, India with approximately 30000 population.
It's a historical village as It's named for Gautam Rishi. The Chauhan clan from Rajput dynasty 12000 population. Brahmin voters are also dominated in this village with others caste 18000 population, Rajput is the main caste of village.ACP kuldeep panchal is also from this village The main occupation is Kheti (Agriculture).

text:
# Gonder, Haryana

**Gonder** is a village in Karnal district, Haryana, India with approximately 30000 population. It's a historical village as It's named for Gautam Rishi. The Chauhan clan from Rajput dynasty 12000 population . Brahmin voters are also dominated in this village with others caste 18000 population, Rajput is the main caste of village.ACP kuldeep panchal (Haryana police) is also from this village

The main occupation is Kheti (Agriculture).

## InfoBox

| Gonder Gautamnagar | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| GonderLocation in Haryana, IndiaGonderGonder (India) | |
| Coordinates: 29°34′N 76°47′E / 29.567°N 76.783°E / 29.567; 76.783 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Karnal |
| Named for | Gautam Rishi |
| Elevation | 237 m (778 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 18,000 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | +91-01745-XXXXXX |
| Vehicle registration | HR-05 |
| Sex Ratio | 904:1000 / |
| Website | haryana.gov.in |


title: Gondenbrett

abstract: Gondenbrett is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

text:
# Gondenbrett

**Gondenbrett** is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

## InfoBox

| Gondenbrett | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Gondenbrett within Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm district | |
| Gondenbrett Gondenbrett | |
| Coordinates: 50°14′08″N 6°24′53″E / 50.23556°N 6.41472°E / 50.23556; 6.41472 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |
| Municipal assoc. | Prüm |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Klaus Nägel |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.05 km2 (8.90 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 450 m (1,480 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 491 |
| Density | 21/km2 (55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 54595 |
| Dialling codes | 06551, 06552 |
| Vehicle registration | BIT |
| Website | Gondenbrett at website www.pruem.de |


title: Gondenans-les-Moulins

abstract: Gondenans-les-Moulins is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Gondenans-les-Moulins

**Gondenans-les-Moulins** (French pronunciation: \[ɡɔ̃dnɑ̃ le mulɛ̃\]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 55 |  |
| 1968 | 58 | +5.5% |
| 1975 | 50 | −13.8% |
| 1982 | 60 | +20.0% |
| 1990 | 54 | −10.0% |
| 1999 | 59 | +9.3% |
| 2008 | 74 | +25.4% |
| 2012 | 76 | +2.7% |

## InfoBox

| Gondenans-les-Moulins | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The chateau in Gondenans-les-Moulins | |
| Location of Gondenans-les-Moulins | |
| Gondenans-les-MoulinsGondenans-les-Moulins | |
| Coordinates: 47°28′13″N 6°22′57″E / 47.4703°N 6.3825°E / 47.4703; 6.3825 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Doubs |
| Arrondissement | Besançon |
| Canton | Baume-les-Dames |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20212026) | Olivier Faivre-Pierret |
| Area**1** | 3.93 km2 (1.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 80 |
| Density | 20/km2 (53/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 25277 /25680 |
| Elevation | 259–438 m (850–1,437 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Monticello, South Carolina

abstract:
Monticello, South Carolina is an unincorporated community in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States. It is the location of four places listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places:
  - Davis Plantation
  - Fonti Flora Plantation
  - Monticello Methodist Church
  - Monticello Store and Post Office

text:
# Monticello, South Carolina

**Monticello, South Carolina** is an unincorporated community in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States.

It is the location of four places listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places:

## Notable residents

## InfoBox

| Monticello, South Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| MonticelloMonticello | |
| Coordinates: 34°21′10″N 81°17′54″W / 34.35278°N 81.29833°W / 34.35278; -81.29833 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Carolina |
| County | Fairfield |
| Elevation | 499 ft (152 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code(s) | 803, 839 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1231555 |


title: Gooding Milner canal

abstract: The Gooding Milner canal is an irrigation canal that runs through the Magic Valley providing water to nearby farms. It starts 8 miles west of Burley, at the Milner Dam and runs past Eden, Hazelton, Dietrich, Shoshone and Bliss before emptying into the Big Wood River in Gooding. The Little Wood River is a tributary with several small ditches as well. The canal also serves as a favorite recreation area for people that enjoy tubing in tires as well and floating down the canal.

text:
# Gooding Milner canal

The **Gooding Milner canal** is an irrigation canal that runs through the Magic Valley (in Idaho, United States) providing water to nearby farms. It starts 8 miles west of Burley, at the Milner Dam and runs past Eden, Hazelton, Dietrich, Shoshone and Bliss before emptying into the Big Wood River in Gooding.

The Little Wood River is a tributary with several small ditches as well. The canal also serves as a favorite recreation area for people that enjoy tubing in tires as well and floating down the canal.

* "Milner Gooding Canal". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2013-12-30.

42°31′39″N 114°00′36″W / 42.52750°N 114.01000°W / 42.52750; -114.01000


title: Ur-Ningirsu I

abstract:
Ur-Ningirsu I, was a Sumerian ruler (ensi) of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c. 2200 BCE. He is much less known and documented than Ur-Ningirsu II, generally just called Ur-Ningirsu. The existence of Ur-Ningirsu I was proved by an inscription in the British Museum, in which he is called "Ur-Ningirsu the elder", and is contrasted a few lines later by another ruler described as "Ur-Ningirsu, son of Gudea". He would be the son of Ur-Nin-MAR.KI according to the Lagash King List. Ur-Ningirsu I is also known by a few year names: 1. "Year: Ur-Ningirsu became ruler"
2. "Year: Ur-Ningirsu became ruler, following year"
a. "Year: The š. (priest), found by means of a sacrificial animal"
b. "Year: The l. (priest) of Bau, found by means of a sacrificial animal"
c. "Year: The i. (priest) of Ningirsu, found by means of a sacrificial animal" His son was Pirig-me.

text:
# Ur-Ningirsu I

Lagashclass=notpageimage|Ur-Ningirsu I ruled in Lagash.

**Ur-Ningirsu I** (Sumerian: 𒌨𒀭𒎏𒄈𒍪, *Ur--nin-gir-su*), was a Sumerian ruler (*ensi*) of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c. 2200 BCE. He is much less known and documented than Ur-Ningirsu II, generally just called Ur-Ningirsu.

The existence of Ur-Ningirsu I was proved by an inscription in the British Museum (an offering list, referenced BM 18474), in which he is called "Ur-Ningirsu the elder" (*Ur--nin-gir-su gu-la*), and is contrasted a few lines later by another ruler described as "Ur-Ningirsu, son of Gudea". He would be the son of Ur-Nin-MAR.KI according to the Lagash King List.

Ur-Ningirsu I is also known by a few year names:

> 1. "Year: Ur-Ningirsu became ruler"
> 2. "Year: Ur-Ningirsu became ruler, following year"
> a. "Year: The š. (priest), found by means of a sacrificial animal" b. "Year: The l. (priest) of Bau, found by means of a sacrificial animal" c. "Year: The i. (priest) of Ningirsu, found by means of a sacrificial animal"
>
> Year names of Ur-Ningirsu I.

His son was Pirig-me.

## InfoBox

| Ur-Ningirsu<br>𒌨𒀭𒎏𒄈𒍪 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruler of Lagash* | |
| Reign | c. 2200 BCE |
| Successor | Pirig-me |
| Dynasty | Rulers of Lagash |


title: Monson baronets

abstract: There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Monson family, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2024. The Monson baronetcy, of Carleton in the County of Lincoln, was created on 29 June 1611 for Thomas Monson. The fifth Baronet was created Baron Monson in 1728. For more information on this creation, see this title. The Monson baronetcy, of Thatched House Lodge in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 23 February 1905 for the Hon. Edmund Monson, who had held a number of diplomatic posts, ultimately British Ambassador to France from 1896 to 1904. He was the fourth son of the sixth Baron Monson. The second baronet had no sons and was succeeded by his two brothers. The 3rd baronet was also a British diplomat. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1969.

text:
# Monson baronets

There have been two **baronetcies** created for members of the **Monson** family, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2024.

The **Monson baronetcy**, of Carleton in the County of Lincoln, was created on 29 June 1611 for Thomas Monson. The fifth Baronet was created Baron Monson in 1728. For more information on this creation, see this title.

The **Monson baronetcy**, of Thatched House Lodge in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 23 February 1905 for the Hon. Edmund Monson, who had held a number of diplomatic posts, ultimately British Ambassador to France from 1896 to 1904. He was the fourth son of the sixth Baron Monson. The second baronet had no sons and was succeeded by his two brothers. The 3rd baronet was also a British diplomat. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1969.

## Monson baronets, of Carleton (1611)

## Monson baronets, of Thatched House Lodge (1905)


title: Golden Ears Group

abstract:
The Golden Ears is the name used by the Bivouac Mountain Encyclopedia for a group of mountains in the southern portion of Golden Ears Provincial Park, and visible to most of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. It is a part of the Garibaldi Ranges, and is located in Golden Ears Provincial Park. Historically there has been confusion regarding the name of the area. Originally, the massif was referred to as The Golden Eyries, which became corrupted to Golden Ears in reference to the pointy ears-like shape of the double summit of the mountain now named Golden Ears. Although already known as the Golden Ears, the mountain was dubbed Mount Blanshard by Lieut. Richard Charles Mayne in 1859, in honour of the first governor of the colony of Vancouver Island. Some time after this, the peaks in the area were conferred their existing names:
  - Golden Ears 1,716 m (5,630 ft), the twin summit
  - Edge Peak 1,680 m (5,512 ft), a large blocky summit in the center of the group, named for Sam Edge who climbed it in 1876
  - Blanshard Peak 1,550 m (5,085 ft), the dramatic peak at the southernmost end of the group, also known as The Blanshard Needle

text:
# Golden Ears Group

The **Golden Ears** is the name used by the Bivouac Mountain Encyclopedia for a group of mountains in the southern portion of Golden Ears Provincial Park, and visible to most of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. It is a part of the Garibaldi Ranges, and is located in Golden Ears Provincial Park.

Historically there has been confusion regarding the name of the area. Originally, the massif was referred to as *The Golden Eyries*, which became corrupted to *Golden Ears* in reference to the pointy ears-like shape of the double summit of the mountain now named Golden Ears. Although already known as the Golden Ears, the mountain was dubbed *Mount Blanshard* by Lieut. Richard Charles Mayne in 1859, in honour of the first governor of the colony of Vancouver Island.

Some time after this, the peaks in the area were conferred their existing names:

* Golden Ears 1,716 m (5,630 ft), the twin summit
* Edge Peak 1,680 m (5,512 ft), a large blocky summit in the center of the group, named for Sam Edge who climbed it in 1876
* Blanshard Peak 1,550 m (5,085 ft), the dramatic peak at the southernmost end of the group, also known as *The Blanshard Needle*

* "Blanshard Peak". *Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia*. Archived from the original on 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
* Fairley, Bruce (1986). "Chapter 22 *Coquitlam Pitt*". *A Guide to Climbing and Hiking in Southwestern British Columbia*. Gordon Soules Book Publishers Ltd. p. 251. ISBN 0-919574-99-8.
* Ricker, Karl (1983). *Canadian Alpine Journal*. **66**: 40–43. `{{cite journal}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
* Canada Centre for Mapping (1992), *Stave Lake 92G/08 Edition 4*, Department of Energy Mines and Resources
* Canada Centre for Mapping (1999), *Port Coquitlam 92G/07 Edition 5*, Department of Energy Mines and Resources

49°21′46″N 122°30′27″W / 49.36278°N 122.50750°W / 49.36278; -122.50750


title: Golden Ears Way

abstract: Golden Ears Way is a two-to-six lane road in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia. It connects Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows to Langley and Surrey via the Golden Ears Bridge. It is designed to keep traffic movements to and from the Golden Ears Bridge simple and streamlined, and intersections and interchanges have been placed with regards to accessing existing industrial and commercial areas on either side of the river in Port Kells and the Ridge-Meadows area of Maple Ridge, immediately west of Hammond. The road is under the jurisdiction of TransLink, the organization responsible for the regional transportation network in the Greater Vancouver region. On August 25, 2017, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that all tolls on the Golden Ears bridge will be removed starting September 1, 2017.

text:
# Golden Ears Way

**Golden Ears Way** is a two-to-six lane road in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia. It connects Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows to Langley and Surrey via the Golden Ears Bridge. It is designed to keep traffic movements to and from the Golden Ears Bridge simple and streamlined, and intersections and interchanges have been placed with regards to accessing existing industrial and commercial areas on either side of the river in Port Kells and the Ridge-Meadows area of Maple Ridge, immediately west of Hammond.

The road is under the jurisdiction of TransLink, the organization responsible for the regional transportation network in the Greater Vancouver region. On August 25, 2017, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that all tolls on the Golden Ears bridge will be removed starting September 1, 2017.

## Route details

The expressway begins at 96th Avenue just west of Highway 15 in Surrey, a major route leading to the U.S. border, and continues eastward, passing through intersections to access the Port Kells Industrial Area. The Golden Ears Way becomes a freeway after the 192nd Street intersection and links 200th Street south to Langley City Centre, before curving northward onto the Golden Ears Bridge. In Maple Ridge, interchanges have been constructed close to commercial areas; a particular focus is the interchange at Highway 7, where most Golden Ears Way traffic is expected to exit the connector. The road past Highway 7 is mostly a two-laned expressway linking to residential and agricultural areas in the north of Maple Ridge, ending at the intersection with 210th Street and continuing beyond as 128th Avenue.

## Exit list

The entire route is in Metro Vancouver.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Surrey | 0.00 | 0.00 | 96th Avenue | Continues west |
| | | Highway 15 (176th Street) to Highway 1 (TCH) / Highway 17 USA border, Vancouver, Hope, Delta | At-grade, traffic signals |
| | 0.70 | 0.43 | 180th Street | At-grade, traffic signals |
| | 1.70 | 1.06 | Golden Ears Connector, 96th Avenue Connector | At-grade, traffic signals; connects to Highway 17 |
| | 3.40 | 2.11 | To Highway 1 (TCH) west / 192nd Street Port Kells, Vancouver | At-grade, traffic signals |
| Langley (township) | 5.30 | 3.29 | To Highway 1 (TCH) east / 200th Street Langley (city), Hope | Southbound exit only via 199A Street; northbound entrance only via 201st Street |
| ↑ / ↓ | 6.20–
7.00 | 3.85–
4.35 | Golden Ears Bridge over the Fraser River | |
| Pitt MeadowsMaple Ridge boundary | 8.10 | 5.03 | 113B Avenue, Airport Way | Interchange; to Pitt Meadows Airport |
| | 9.10 | 5.65 | To Highway 7 east / Maple Meadows Way Maple Ridge, Mission | Northbound exit; transit only southbound entrance |
| | 9.80 | 6.09 | To Highway 7 west (Lougheed Highway) Pitt Meadows, Coquitlam, Vancouver | Partially grade separated, traffic signals; no southbound access to Hwy 7 east |
| | 11.30 | 7.02 | 203rd Street | At-grade, traffic signals |
| Maple Ridge | 12.60 | 7.83 | 210th Street | At-grade, traffic signals |
| | | 128th Avenue | Continues east |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Golden Ears WayKML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Golden Ears Way | |
| --- | --- |
| Pseudo Highway 916 | |
| Golden Ears Way highlighted in red. | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by TransLink | |
| Length | 12.6 km (7.8 mi) |
| Existed | 2009–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Highway 15 in Surrey |
| Major intersections | Highway 7 in Pitt Meadows / Maple Ridge |
| East end | 210th Street in Maple Ridge |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Major cities | Surrey, Langley, Pitt Meadows, Maple Ridge |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 395   Highway 1 | |


title: Golden Ears Bridge

abstract: The Golden Ears Bridge is a six-lane extradosed bridge in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia. It spans the Fraser River, connecting Langley on the south side with Pitt Meadows and Maple Ridge on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.

text:
# Golden Ears Bridge

The **Golden Ears Bridge** is a six-lane extradosed bridge in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia. It spans the Fraser River, connecting Langley on the south side with Pitt Meadows and Maple Ridge on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.

## About the bridge

The bridge, owned by TransLink, has a clearance of 40 m (130 ft), and a total length of 2,410 m (7,910 ft) including approaches. The extradosed bridge incorporates three main spans, each 244 m (801 ft) long and two shoreline spans, each 122 m (400 ft) long for total length of 976 m (3,202 ft) which makes it the longest extradosed bridge in North America. Eight pylons are situated in the river, 4 of which are 90 m (300 ft) high.

The bridge features bike-pedestrian protected lanes on each side. It boasts two golden metal eagle sculptures at the top of the bridge that were fashioned by a German company – after the initial sculptural design by a U.S. firm was abandoned for structural weakness.

The project was named through a community process and reflects the well-known lower Fraser Valley landmark, the Golden Ears peaks, which crown Mount Blanshard in Golden Ears Provincial Park. The successful submission to name the bridge was that of George Tabert, a local pastor.

### Construction

The bridge was constructed by a joint venture of CH2M Hill and Bilfinger Berger called Golden Crossing Constructors Joint Venture, at a final cost of $808 million. The construction project, officially launched in June 2006, created 14 kilometres of new road. Golden Ears Way has direct connections to Lougheed Highway, Maple Meadows Way, 113B Avenue, 200th Street, 176th Street (Highway 15) and the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1). The completed bridge opened at 2:00AM on June 16, 2009.

The project was planned to permit archaeological teams to comb through a part of First Nations land that the bridge passed through. The team, led by a Simon Fraser University archaeology professor, discovered pottery shards, metal implements and 3,600-year-old wapato, or potatoes, evidence that the aboriginal peoples in the area engaged in farming. Some members of the Coast Salish Katzie Nation decried the way that the bridge affected what they described as a "3000 year old burial ground".

Bilfinger Berger applied to the federal government to bring in foreigners to work on the bridge, arguing that there was a shortage of qualified construction workers in Canada. The BC Federation of Labour disagreed, arguing that Bilfinger Berger was simply unprepared to pay market rates for skilled workers and wanted to exploit foreigners.

### Financing

The Golden Ears Bridge had a fixed total construction cost of $808 million (CAD), well over the initial budget of $600 million. The project was financed as a Public Private Partnership (P3) through which TransLink is leasing back the bridge over a 35-year timeframe. The P3 was administered by the provincial government organization Partnerships BC. This aspect of the project was controversial and it led Vancouver city councillor David Cadman to vote against the project when it was presented to the TransLink board for approval.

### Former ferry

After the opening of the bridge TransLink ceased operation of the Albion Ferry on July 31, 2009, a passenger/vehicle ferry that had been operational since June 7, 1957. The Albion Ferry employed 59 full-time and 18 auxiliary employees for its run between Maple Ridge and Langley. In 2003, annual traffic on the free ferry amounted to 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers. After the bridge opened, the ferries ceased to be used and the two ferries were sold in 2011 for $400,000 to a local marine transportation company.

## Timeline

### 2004

* August 6 – Environmental certification was received
* September 15 – TransLink and the Katzie First Nation signed a Benefit Agreement
* November – The *Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Act* was amended to allow for tolling

### 2005

* January – A Request for Proposals was issued for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation
* February 16 – A bylaw governing tolling was passed by TransLink
* June 22 – TransLink and the four municipalities (Langley, Maple Ridge, Pitt Meadows and Surrey) finalized the Golden Ears Bridge *Master Municipal Agreement*
* December 7 – TransLink selected *Golden Crossing Group* as the proponent to design, build, finance, operate, and maintain the bridge.

### 2006

* June 29 – Construction began.

### 2007

* June 5 – Pile cap and pier construction underway on the bridge.

### 2008

* June 20 – 3,600-year-old native site found with evidence of native horticulture. Excavation to end and construction to resume by mid-July.

### 2009

* June 14 – Bridge opened to pedestrians only
* June 16 – Bridge opened to traffic

### 2017

* September 1 – Tolls are removed.

## Usage

During an initial toll-free introductory period in 2009, traffic averaged 37,000 crossings per day. Once tolls took effect, daily traffic dropped. In January 2010, daily traffic amounted to 21,000 trips. In April 2011 daily traffic had increased to 23,000 trips. This number rose with the bridge serving 30,000 trips each weekday by September 2011. The current 10 million trips annually far exceeds the previous ferry traffic on the route of 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.

## Past tolls

The new bridge used an electronic tolling system to track vehicles that cross to recover construction costs. Tolls had not been used in the Lower Mainland since the 1960s when they were removed from all bridges. This was also the first electronic toll bridge in Western Canada.

Drivers had the option of opening a tolling account. This includes an electronic tolling device, or transponder, to be mounted on the vehicle's windshield. It detects usage of the bridge, allowing toll charges to be automatically billed to the driver's account, streamlining the tolling process.

Vehicles without an electronic tolling device have their license plates identified through an automated video recognition system, and will be billed accordingly. Drivers of such vehicles also have the option to pay for their trip in advance by establishing a temporary account with a credit card, and pay a lower toll rate than if they did not establish such an account. The video recognition system costs more for Translink to run over the long term because it requires that humans identify plates that the system is misreading and because of the need to respond to misreads in which people are wrongly billed.

There have been numerous media stories of fraud and people being charged by the automated system for crossing the bridge when they never had done so, including one story in which a local resident was charged for crossing the bridge more than 90 times, when he had never driven across it at all. On July 15, 2016 tolls on the Golden Ears Bridge increased to cover the rise in the Consumer Price Index. The increases range between 5–15 cents, depending on the size of the vehicle and type of account.

On August 25, 2017, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that all tolls on the Golden Ears bridge will be removed starting September 1, 2017.

### Toll rates

Rates effective up until August 31, 2017. Tolls were removed after September 1, 2017.

| Type of Vehicle | Toll-Device | Pre-Registered | Unregistered (Pay-as-you-go) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Car** | $3.15 | $3.70 | $4.40 |
| **Truck or bus** | $6.25 | $6.85 | $7.45 |
| *large truck* | $9.30 | $9.95 | $10.55 |
| **Motorcycle** | not available | $1.50 | $2.90 |

Above rates are current as of January 2013. TransLink has also experimented with reduced tolls during low-use times such as evenings, weekends, and statutory holidays. They commenced a six-week trial project in April 2011 which reduced tolls by 30% in such times.

The Passenger Transportation Board, which regulates taxi services in the Lower Mainland has created a regulation whereby taxis are to charge passengers a $6.90 surcharge for crossing the bridge, something that must be explained to the passenger in advance of starting the meter.

Bicycles, pedestrians, emergency vehicles and TransLink buses are exempt from the toll.

### Toll revenues

TransLink acknowledged that in the early years of the bridge's operation, revenues have been lower than had been forecasted. The agency has indicated that they expect revenues to increase once drivers can no longer use the nearby Port Mann Bridge for free, as it will be tolled starting in 2013.

| Year | Annual Revenue | Annual Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | $29.6 million | $52.0 million |
| 2011 | $33.8 million | $71.7 million |
| 2012 | $38.9 million | $78.9 million |
| 2013 | $39.5 million | $80.0 million |

From 2013 Year-End Financial and Performance Report.

Toll revenues will rise to track inflation over the thirty-two-year payback period for the bridge which runs until 2040; the toll increase in 2011 was 3.5% on average. The difference between the toll revenue and TransLink's costs which it is obligated to pay the bridge’s builder each year will come out of TransLink's general operating budget; in 2011 this shortfall was estimated at $33 million.

Under its contract, TransLink has agreed to pay the private consortium which built, operates, and maintains the bridge a monthly fee of $500,000 per month in 2009 which rose to $4 million per month in 2011, and will top out at $4.8 million per month in 2015 – a monthly fee that will stay steady until the contract ends in 2041.

## InfoBox

| Golden Ears Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Golden Ears Bridge from Langley | |
| Coordinates | 49°11′48″N 122°39′57″W / 49.1967°N 122.665829°W / 49.1967; -122.665829 |
| Carries | 6 lanes of Golden Ears Way, pedestrians and bicycles |
| Crosses | Fraser River |
| Locale | Township of Langley<br>Maple Ridge |
| Maintained by | TransLink |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | extradosed bridge |
| Total length | 976 m (2410 m including approaches) |
| Longest span | 244 m |
| History | |
| Designer | Buckland & Taylor |
| Construction start | June 29, 2006 |
| Construction end | June 2009 |
| Construction cost | $808 million |
| Opened | June 16, 2009 (Traffic) |
| Statistics | |
| Daily traffic | 30,000 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Good Thing Going

abstract: Good Thing Going is the 12th studio album released by Rhonda Vincent. The album was released on January 8, 2008, via Rounder Records. It was her third number-one album on the Top Bluegrass Albums chart, and her second Top 40 album on the Top Country Albums chart. The album features an appearance by singer Keith Urban, who sings harmony vocals on "The Water Is Wide". Two singles, "I'm Leavin'" and "I Gotta Start Somewhere", were released, however, neither one charted.

text:
# Good Thing Going

***Good Thing Going*** is the 12th studio album released by Rhonda Vincent. The album was released on January 8, 2008, via Rounder Records. It was her third number-one album on the Top Bluegrass Albums chart, and her second Top 40 album on the Top Country Albums chart.

The album features an appearance by singer Keith Urban, who sings harmony vocals on "The Water Is Wide". Two singles, "I'm Leavin'" and "I Gotta Start Somewhere", were released, however, neither one charted.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Slant Magazine |  |
| American Songwriter |  |
| My Kind of Country | A− |

Rick Anderson of Allmusic said: "*Good Thing Going* finds Vincent bringing all of those styles together to create a very solid and enjoyable program." He also said the album is "very highly recommended".

Jonathan Keefe of *Slant Magazine* gives the album 3 out of a possible 5 stars and writes, "What distinguishes Vincent from the artist to whom she’s most frequently compared, Alison Krauss, is her aggressive vocals; perhaps more so than any contemporary country singer, Vincent’s power and phrasing recall the great Connie Smith."

Lizza Connor Bowen of *American Songwriter* gives the album 4 stars and writes, "Seven is certainly Rhonda Vincent’s lucky number. This seven-time International Bluegrass Association female vocalist bowed her seventh Rounder album, *Good Thing Going*, this January. As the title implies, it’s a testament to why she remains the reigning empress of bluegrass."

*My Kind of Country'*s Razor X gives the album an A− and says, "*Good Thing Going* is a more eclectic set of songs than we’d heard to date from Rhonda, with elements of traditional folk, Western swing and contemporary country offered up alongside the standard bluegrass."

Exclaim!'s Kerry Doole reviews the album and writes, "Her purity of tone and phrasing are impeccable, and there's a pleasing variety to the material, from slow, hurtin? songs like "Scorn of A Lover? to jaunty romp "Hit Parade Of Love."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'm Leavin'" | Rhonda Vincent | 3:13 |
| 2. | "World's Biggest Fool" |  | 3:33 |
| 3. | "I Give All My Love to You" (with Russell Moore) | Vincent | 3:30 |
| 4. | "Good Thing Going" | Vincent | 3:07 |
| 5. | "Scorn of a Lover" | Vincent | 3:09 |
| 6. | "Hit Parade of Love" | Jimmy Martin | 2:24 |
| 7. | "I Will See You Again" | Vincent | 4:19 |
| 8. | "Just One of a Kind" | Dottie Rambo | 2:59 |
| 9. | "I Gotta Start Somewhere" | Jerry Salley, Lisa Shaffer | 3:35 |
| 10. | "Who's Cryin' Baby" | Vincent | 3:05 |
| 11. | "The Water Is Wide" (with Keith Urban) | Traditional | 3:05 |
| 12. | "Bluegrass Saturday Night" | Vincent | 3:08 |
| Total length: | | | 40:04 |

## Personnel

## Chart performance

| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top Bluegrass Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Top Country Albums (*Billboard*) | 35 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 5 |
|

## InfoBox

| Good Thing Going | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rhonda Vincent | |
| Released | January 8, 2008 |
| Recorded | 2007 |
| Genre | Country, bluegrass |
| Length | 40:04 |
| Label | Rounder |
| Producer | Darrin Vincent, Rhonda Vincent |
| Rhonda Vincent chronology | |
| *All American Bluegrass Girl*
(2006) ***Good Thing Going***
(2008) *Destination Life*
(2009) | |