title: Kaapa Tjampitjinpa

abstract: Kaapa Mbitjana Tjampitjinpa was a contemporary Indigenous Australian artist of Anmatyerre, Warlpiri and Arrernte heritage. One of the earliest and most significant artists at Papunya in Australia's Northern Territory in the early 1970s, he was a founding member and inaugural chairman of the Papunya Tula artists company, and pivotal to the establishment of modern Indigenous Australian painting.

text:
# Kaapa Tjampitjinpa

**Kaapa Mbitjana Tjampitjinpa** (c. 1920 – 1989) was a contemporary Indigenous Australian artist of Anmatyerre, Warlpiri and Arrernte heritage. One of the earliest and most significant artists at Papunya in Australia's Northern Territory in the early 1970s, he was a founding member and inaugural chairman of the Papunya Tula artists company, and pivotal to the establishment of modern Indigenous Australian painting.

## Life

Kaapa was born west of Napperby Station in the 1920s. His father was Kwalapa Tjangala, a senior Aboriginal man who had ritual responsibility for a site known as Warlugulong, which would subsequently be portrayed by several different artists in major paintings such as *Warlugulong* (1976) and *Warlugulong* (1977). Kaapa was initiated on Napperby Station, and was a stockman at nearby Mount Riddock Station.

Kaapa later worked on a station at Haasts Bluff. While he moved to Papunya in the 1960s, he also was present during the town's construction in the late 1950s. Once settled at Papunya, according to art historian Vivien Johnson, he was a drinker with a reputation as a troublemaker, "cattle duffer and grog runner". He was also charismatic and smart. White art teacher Geoffrey Bardon, who worked with Kaapa in the early 1970s, recalled him:

> Kaapa was not as tall as many of the Anmatjira Aranda but he was very quick to see what others might not see at all. (I often thought he saw far too much, and perhaps this was why he drank more than he should.) He always moved in a fast, deft spring-walk, intense and convoluted as he whispered in his strange, pressed-together, mixed-up English...Kaapa was very bright, but very down to earth as well, an extraordinary survivor in a despairing environment. I remember him particularly for his intense way of seeming to be everywhere at all times, doing things mysteriously and well.

Husband to artist Eunice Napangati, Kaapa was also brother to artist Dinny Nolan Tjampitjinpa. Kaapa died in 1989.

## Art

For many years prior to the 1970s, Kaapa had been using traditional designs to create works of art for sale. These had included wooden carvings and watercolour paintings. In 1971 a local official, Jack Cooke, took six of Kaapa's paintings from Papunya into Alice Springs, entering one of them in a local competition, the Caltex Art Award. On 27 August that picture, *Gulgardi*, also referred to as *Men’s Ceremony for the Kangaroo, Gulgardi*, shared the first prize with a work by Jan Wesley Smith. It was the first work by an Indigenous Australian artist to win a contemporary art award, and the first public recognition of a Papunya painting.

Kaapa's paintings were probably the earliest to come out of Papunya and the art movement that subsequently made the settlement famous. *Gulgardi* was described by the National Gallery of Victoria: "Kaapa's work, with its pictorial elements and seductive delicacy of detail, is cultivated to appeal to the western gaze. It also recreates the dramatic spectacle of men participating in ceremony and creates an illusion of the third dimension." Kaapa was one of the senior men of Papunya who brought to Geoffrey Bardon a design they wanted to turn into a mural on the town's school building, and one of five artists who painted it on the school wall. Kaapa's win at the Caltex Awards, and the creation of the mural representing honey ant dreaming, were followed by an explosion of painting activity amongst the men of the community, including Kaapa, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri, Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri, Johnny Warrangkula Tjupurrula, Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri and his brother Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, and others. Their first major collaborative work was destroyed in 1974 when the school building was repainted. However, a strong art movement was underway, with Kaapa at its centre. When, in 1972, the artists of Papunya decided to found a company to market their works, Kaapa was its inaugural chairman. He also played a role in spreading the movement to Yuendumu.

Most of the early works created by individual artists were small; Kaapa was an exception in choosing to use larger timber panels for his compositions.

## Legacy

Kaapa is widely credited as a founder, and sometimes the pivotal figure, in the establishment of contemporary Indigenous Australian art. His paintings can be found in the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Art Gallery of Western Australia, the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Victoria, while the National Museum of Australia also holds a number of his works. Internationally, his work can be found in the Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection of the University of Virginia and the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History.

A painting by Kaapa, *The Winparrku Serpents*, was rendered in tapestry by the Victorian Tapestry Workshop for the Arts Centre Melbourne, and was the first of the Centre's tapestries. Three paintings by Kaapa have been listed on Australia's Movable Cultural Heritage Prohibited Exports Register. Inclusion on the register is confined to "objects of exceptional cultural importance, whose export would significantly diminish Australia's cultural heritage" and requires a permit to be issued for sale of the item outside Australia. Two of his works, *Budgerigar Dreaming* and *Water Dreaming*, both painted in 1972, in 2000 became the first works to be refused permits under the legislation.

1. "Kinship and skin names". *People and culture*. Central Land Council. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
2. De Brabander, Dallas (1994). "Sections". In David Horton (ed.). *Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia*. Vol. 2. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press for the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. p. 977. ISBN 9780855752347.
3. Johnson 2010, p. 20.
4. Perkins & Fink 2000, p. 295.
5. "Papunya painting: out of the Australian desert: Kaapa Tjampitjinpa". National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
6. Johnson 2010, p. 11.
7. Bardon 1999, p. 37.
8. "Kaapa Tjampitjinpa (Anmatyerr/Warlpiri c. 1925–1989)". *Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art*. National Gallery of Victoria. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
9. Johnson 2010, pp. 11–12.
10. "Kaapa Tjampitjinpa and the Caltex Art Award". *Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art*. National Gallery of Victoria. 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
11. Johnson 2010, p. 16.
12. Bardon 1999, p. 10-12.
13. Perkins & Fink 2007, p. 181.
14. Myers 2002, p. 124.
15. Bardon 2000, pp. 208–210.
16. Caruana 2003, p. 112.
17. Perkins & Fink 2007, p. 187.
18. Mundine 2009, p. 167.
19. Johnson 2010.
20. McCulloch 2006, p. 159.
21. "TJAMPITJINPA, Kaapa Mbitjana". *Collection*. Art Gallery of South Australia. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
22. "Kaapa Mbitjana TJAMPITJINPA". *Collection search*. National Gallery of Australia. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
23. National Gallery of Victoria (2006). *Annual Report 2005-06* (PDF). Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria. p. 88.
24. "Tjampitjinpa Kaapa Mbijana". *Collection search*. National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
25. "'Wana and Puliaba' or 'Goanna Corroboree at Mirkantji', painted by Kaapa Mbitjana Tjampitjinpa, 1971". *Object record*. National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
26. "Explore the collections online – public art collection – textiles". The Arts Centre Melbourne. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
27. "Movable Cultural Heritage Prohibited Exports Register". Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
28. Miller 2007, p. 37.

## Bibliography

* Bardon, Geoffrey (1999). *Papunya Tula: Art of the Western Desert*. Adelaide: J.B. Books. ISBN 0958699860.
* Bardon, Geoffrey (2000). "The Papunya Tula Movement". In Sylvia Kleinert and Margot Neale (ed.). *The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-550649-9.
* Caruana, Wally (2003). *Aboriginal Art* (2nd ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 9780500203668.
* Johnson, Vivien (2010). *Once Upon a Time in Papunya*. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. ISBN 9781742230078.
* McCulloch, Alan; Susan McCulloch; Emily McCulloch Childs (2006). *The new McCulloch's Encyclopedia of Australian Art*. Fitzroy, Victoria: Aus Art Editions in association with The Miegunyah Press. ISBN 0-522-85317-X.
* Miller, Steven (2007). "Cultural capital: key moments in the collecting of Australian Indigenous art". In Hetti Perkins and Margie West (ed.). *One Sun One Moon: Aboriginal Art in Australia*. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales. pp. 29–41. ISBN 978-0-7347-6360-0.
* Mundine, Djon (2009). "Save Your Pity: Master Works of the Western Desert". In Murphy, John (ed.). *Gallery A Sydney 1964–1983*. Campbelltown NSW and Newcastle NSW: Campbelltown Arts Centre and Newcastle Region Art Gallery. ISBN 9781875199679.
* Myers, Fred R. (2002). *Painting Culture: The Making of an Aboriginal High Art*. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822329497.
* Perkins, Hetti; Fink, Hannah (2000). *Papunya Tula: genesis and genius*. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales in association with Papunya Tula artists. ISBN 0-7347-6306-9.
* Perkins, Hetti; Fink, Hannah (2007). "Genesis and genius: the art of Papunya Tula artists". In Hetti Perkins and Margie West (ed.). *One Sun One Moon: Aboriginal Art in Australia*. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales. pp. 181–189. ISBN 978-0-7347-6360-0.

## InfoBox

| Kaapa Mbitjana Tjampitjinpa | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1920 (2024-10-05UTC16:20)<br>Napperby Station, Northern Territory |
| Died | 1989 (aged 6869) |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Known for | Painting |
| Notable work | *Gulgardi* (1971) |
| Movement | Contemporary Indigenous Australian art |
| Awards | Alice Springs Caltex Art Award (1971) |


title: Money Management

abstract: Money Management magazine is a monthly personal finance magazine and is published by the Financial Times Group. It was originally launched in 1962 as the Unitholder and later became a part of the FT Business stable. In 2005 FT Business was integrated into Financial Times Ltd. Money Management is written predominantly for financial professionals such as independent financial advisers and mortgage brokers. The current cover price is £7.25. The title is edited by Dan Jones. He has written on fund management, stock markets, banking and personal finance for over a decade, latterly at the FT Group and prior to that at Incisive Media. Jones took over the magazine following the departure of predecessor Jon Cudby in July 2016. Cudby had been at the helm since 2012, following on from Janet Walford OBE, who had edited the title for 25 years. The Money Management editorial team is based at the Financial Times newspaper's offices at Number One Southwark Bridge, London. Current full-time staff at the magazine are: Dan Jones, editor; Dave Baxter, deputy editor; and Craig Rickman, special projects editor. Each year the magazine holds the Money Management Financial Planner of the Year awards, which is the highlight of the personal finance calendar for IFAs. The awards are presented at a black tie dinner in London every October. The year 2015 marked the 20th annual awards. Up to a dozen individual category award winners and runners up are announced, plus the overall winner of the Financial Planner of the Year who receives a £5,000 cash prize and engraved trophy. Money Management and its reporters have won 57 awards for journalistic excellence.

text:
# Money Management

***Money Management*** magazine is a monthly personal finance magazine and is published by the *Financial Times* Group. It was originally launched in 1962 as the Unitholder and later became a part of the FT Business stable. In 2005 FT Business was integrated into Financial Times Ltd.

*Money Management* is written predominantly for financial professionals such as independent financial advisers and mortgage brokers. The current cover price is £7.25.

The title is edited by Dan Jones. He has written on fund management, stock markets, banking and personal finance for over a decade, latterly at the FT Group and prior to that at Incisive Media.

Jones took over the magazine following the departure of predecessor Jon Cudby in July 2016. Cudby had been at the helm since 2012, following on from Janet Walford OBE, who had edited the title for 25 years.

The *Money Management* editorial team is based at the *Financial Times* newspaper's offices at Number One Southwark Bridge, London. Current full-time staff at the magazine are: Dan Jones, editor; Dave Baxter, deputy editor; and Craig Rickman, special projects editor.

Each year the magazine holds the Money Management Financial Planner of the Year awards, which is the highlight of the personal finance calendar for IFAs. The awards are presented at a black tie dinner in London every October. The year 2015 marked the 20th annual awards.

Up to a dozen individual category award winners and runners up are announced, plus the overall winner of the Financial Planner of the Year who receives a £5,000 cash prize and engraved trophy.

*Money Management* and its reporters have won 57 awards for journalistic excellence.

1. ft.com/aboutus
2. Money Management subscription
3. "Dan Jones on FTAdviser.com". *FTAdviser*.
4. Contact details
5. Money Management, December 2016
6. Money Management Financial Planner of the Year awards

## InfoBox

*Money Management*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Dan Jones |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| First issue | 1962 (1962-month) |
| Company | Financial Times Group |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Based in | London |
| Website | www.ftadviser.com/MM |


title: Maurice Raichenbach

abstract: Maurice Raichenbach was a Polish-born French draughts champion. His early childhood was spent in the area around Warsaw, but when he was a boy his mother died and his father moved them to France. He started at age 10 and at 14 was the champion of "Seine draughts club." At eighteen he became Draughts World Championship, which made him the youngest world champion at International draughts up to that point in history and one of the youngest ever. Hence he was sometimes referred to as "The Mozart of the Checkerboard." He retained the title until 1938. During World War II he served the French army as a naturalized citizen. After France's defeat he went to the South of France and became a smuggler. His being Jewish was not known at this time and may have spared him a worse fate from the Nazis. After the war he retired from professional draughts at age thirty, although he still played "friendly" games for years afterward. His more lasting, if less notable, career was in the clothing business and at one time he had 200 employees. He died in 1998.

text:
# Maurice Raichenbach

**Maurice Raichenbach** (born near Warsaw, Poland on May 12, 1915; died in Hauts-de-Seine, France on March 1, 1998) was a Polish-born French draughts champion. His early childhood was spent in the area around Warsaw, but when he was a boy his mother died and his father moved them to France.

He started at age 10 and at 14 was the champion of "Seine draughts club." At eighteen he became Draughts World Championship, which made him the youngest world champion at International draughts up to that point in history and one of the youngest ever. Hence he was sometimes referred to as "The Mozart of the Checkerboard." He retained the title until 1938. During World War II he served the French army as a naturalized citizen. After France's defeat he went to the South of France and became a smuggler. His being Jewish was not known at this time and may have spared him a worse fate from the Nazis.

After the war he retired from professional draughts at age thirty, although he still played "friendly" games for years afterward. His more lasting, if less notable, career was in the clothing business and at one time he had 200 employees. He died in 1998.

## Bibliography

* Westerveld, Govert (2013). *Biografía de Maurice Raichenbach, Campeón Mundial de las Damas entre 1933-1938*. Tomo I. (300 pages)
* Westerveld, Govert (2013). *Biografía de Maurice Raichenbach, Campeón Mundial de las Damas entre 1933-1938*. Tomo II. (357 pages)


title: Hills Creek State Park

abstract: Hills Creek State Park is a 407-acre (165 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Charleston Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Hills Creek Lake, a 137-acre (55 ha) man-made lake, is the focal point of the park. It is open for year-round recreation. Hills Creek State Park is in the Allegheny Plateau region of Pennsylvania, just north of U.S. Route 6 near the boroughs of Wellsboro and Mansfield.

text:
# Hills Creek State Park

**Hills Creek State Park** is a 407-acre (165 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Charleston Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Hills Creek Lake, a 137-acre (55 ha) man-made lake, is the focal point of the park. It is open for year-round recreation. Hills Creek State Park is in the Allegheny Plateau region of Pennsylvania, just north of U.S. Route 6 near the boroughs of Wellsboro and Mansfield.

## History

Hills Creek State Park was opened for public use in 1953. The land had previously been used as a pigment mine for the paint industry. The park is named for Hills Creek which runs through it and is dammed to make Hills Creek Lake. Hills Creek gets its name from Captain William Hill, one of the first settlers in the area around 1820. In 2000 the park became part of the "Hills Creek State Park Complex", an administrative grouping of eight state parks in Potter and Tioga counties.

## Hills Creek Lake

Hills Creek Lake is a 137-acre (55 ha) impoundment lake. An earthen dam was built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania across Hills Creek in the early 1950s. The dam is 34 feet (10 m) high, and 422 feet (129 m) long.

Before the dam was built much of the area that is now under water was flooded by beaver dams. Beavers are still abundant in Hills Creek State Park.

Hills Creek Lake is classified as a warm water fishery. The waters are the home to many species of fish, including walleye, yellow perch, largemouth and smallmouth bass, bluegill, crappie, and muskellunge. Anglers have reeled in some largemouth bass that weighed in at over eight pounds.

Ice fishing takes place on Hills Creek Lake during the winter months. Ice fishermen have brought in mostly yellow perch and bluegill as well as the occasional walleye.

Swim at your own risk in Hills Creek Lake. A sandy beach is open from around Memorial Day until just after Labor Day. A bathhouse and snack bar are also open for the public during the summer months. There are no lifeguards at the beach and swimmers are encouraged to use safe practices at all times.

Gas powered motors are prohibited on Hills Creek Lake. Motorized boats must be powered by electric motors only. Sailboats, rowboats, canoes, kayaks, and paddleboats are permitted on the waters of the lake. All boats must be properly registered with the state.

## Camping

Hills Creek State Park has a 102-site camping area. The campsites feature several different types of scenery, ranging from open grassy areas to forested areas highlighted by immense hemlock trees. All of the campsites are within walking distance of warm showers, restrooms and water fountains.

Three cottages are available to rent by interested parties. The cottages can sleep up to five people in single and double bunks. The cottages have wooden floors, a porch that is heated by electricity, glass windows, picnic tables, and a fire ring. All cottages have electric lights and outlets.

There are ten cabins at Hills Creek State Park. The cabins are furnished and have a kitchen/dining area. The cabins also have a shower and two bedrooms. There are no linens or kitchen utensils. Renters should bring their own.

Yurts are available for rent. Each yurt, built on a wooden deck, sleeps four people in two bunk beds. They also have a cooking stove, refrigerator, countertop, table and chairs, electric heat and outlets, a fire ring and picnic table and are near a water pump.

A campsite for large groups is on a peninsula in Hills Creek Lake. The 40 person capacity area is equipped with picnic tables, a pavilion, fire ring, water and flush toilets. Campers may use the showers near the RV campsite. This campground, on the peninsula, is among some of the largest hemlock, beech, maple and ash trees in the park.

## Wildlife

Hills Creek State Park is home to a variety of wild creatures. There is an active beaver colony near the shores of the lake. Other water loving animals such as the muskrat, wood duck and great blue heron can be seen in and around the waters of Hills Creek Lake. Birds of prey like the osprey and bald eagle can be seen soaring the skies to Hills Creek State Park. Woodland creatures also make a home in this park. Black bear, wild turkey and white-tailed deer can be seen on occasion. Ruffed grouse, rabbits, and groundhogs are commonly seen. The sharp eyed bird watcher may even spy a pileated woodpecker. Hills Creek Lake is a stop over for migrating waterfowl like the loon, bufflehead and merganser.

## Nearby state parks

The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Hills Creek State Park:

## InfoBox

| Hills Creek State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category III (natural monument or feature) | |
| A view of Hills Creek Lake from the main parking area near the park office | |
| Location of Hills Creek State Park in PennsylvaniaHills Creek State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Charleston, Tioga, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°48′48″N 77°10′00″W / 41.81333°N 77.16667°W / 41.81333; -77.16667 |
| Area | 407 acres (165 ha) |
| Elevation | 1,614 ft (492 m) |
| Established | 1953 |
| Named for | Hills Creek |
| Governing body | Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
| Website | Hills Creek State Park |


title: Trialeti petroglyphs

abstract: Trialeti petroglyphs is prehistoric rock art in the Trialeti area, in the Tsalka Municipality, engraved over a number of periods from the Mesolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. The depictions include geometric, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images. It is recognized as a monument of the Cultural Heritage of Georgia and is part of the Prehistoric Rock Art Trails, a cultural route designated by the Council of Europe. The Trialeti petroglyphs are located some 12 km east of the town of Tsalka, in the narrow gorge of the Avdris-Tsqali or Patara Khrami river—a right tributary of the Ktsia River—on the outskirt of the village of Gantiadi in the Kvemo Kartli region, in an area which was historically known as Trialeti. This rock art site was discovered in the 1880s and rediscovered, after a series of futile attempts, in 1976. It is the only example of prehistoric rock art of this type found on the territory of Georgia; carvings at Mghvimevi cave in Imereti and Agtsa in Abkhazia are limited to simple geometric motifs. The site is at a risk of deterioration. The Trialeti petroglyphs include about 100 images, clustered into six panels, carved across 50 m of a flat basalt surface. Animals are the most common depictions and include local fauna, such as deer, horses, mountain goats, birds, and fish, as well as fantastic and hybrid creatures. The images are schematic and represented side-on, with emphasis on certain elements, such as antlers. One scene shows a female deer feeding its fawn. Elsewhere, animals are depicted entangled in a hunter's net. Human figures are hunters, equipped with bows and arrows, and diminutive in comparison to the animals, measuring between 2.5 cm and 18-20 cm, mostly of 1-2 mm in width and depth. The hunters are shown front-on and more schematically than the animals. The figures are static, holding their hunting weapons in the left hand. Geometric figures include crosses, checkerboards, and sunbursts.

text:
# Trialeti petroglyphs

**Trialeti petroglyphs** (Georgian: თრიალეთის პეტროგლიფები, romanized: trialetis p'et'roglipebi) is prehistoric rock art in the Trialeti area, in the Tsalka Municipality, engraved over a number of periods from the Mesolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. The depictions include geometric, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images. It is recognized as a monument of the Cultural Heritage of Georgia and is part of the Prehistoric Rock Art Trails, a cultural route designated by the Council of Europe.

The Trialeti petroglyphs are located some 12 km east of the town of Tsalka, in the narrow gorge of the Avdris-Tsqali or Patara Khrami river—a right tributary of the Ktsia River—on the outskirt of the village of Gantiadi (former Tikilisa) in the Kvemo Kartli region, in an area which was historically known as Trialeti. This rock art site was discovered in the 1880s and rediscovered, after a series of futile attempts, in 1976. It is the only example of prehistoric rock art of this type found on the territory of Georgia; carvings at Mghvimevi cave in Imereti and Agtsa in Abkhazia are limited to simple geometric motifs. The site is at a risk of deterioration.

The Trialeti petroglyphs include about 100 images, clustered into six panels, carved across 50 m of a flat basalt surface. Animals are the most common depictions and include local fauna, such as deer, horses, mountain goats, birds, and fish, as well as fantastic and hybrid creatures. The images are schematic and represented side-on, with emphasis on certain elements, such as antlers. One scene shows a female deer feeding its fawn. Elsewhere, animals are depicted entangled in a hunter's net. Human figures are hunters, equipped with bows and arrows, and diminutive in comparison to the animals, measuring between 2.5 cm and 18-20 cm, mostly of 1-2 mm in width and depth. The hunters are shown front-on and more schematically than the animals. The figures are static, holding their hunting weapons in the left hand. Geometric figures include crosses, checkerboards, and sunbursts.

## InfoBox

Trialeti Petroglyphs
| თრიალეთის პეტროგლიფები | |
| --- | --- |
| Schematic sketches of the Trialeti petroglyphs | |
| Location of Trialeti Petroglyphs in Georgia | |
| Location | Gantiadi, Tsalka Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia |
| Coordinates | 41°35′10″N 43°58′38″E / 41.586227°N 43.977232°E / 41.586227; 43.977232 |
| Type | Rock art |
| History | |
| Periods | MesolithicMiddle Bronze Age |


title: Michael Steinberg (music critic)

abstract: Carl Michael Alfred Steinberg was an American music critic and author who specialized in classical music. He was best known, according to San Francisco Chronicle music critic Joshua Kosman, for "the illuminating, witty and often deeply personal notes he wrote for the San Francisco Symphony's program booklets, beginning in 1979." He contributed several entries to the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, wrote articles for music journals and magazine, notes for CDs, and published a number of books on music, both collected published annotations and new writings.

text:
# Michael Steinberg (music critic)

**Carl Michael Alfred Steinberg** (4 October 1928 – 26 July 2009) was an American music critic and author who specialized in classical music. He was best known, according to *San Francisco Chronicle* music critic Joshua Kosman, for "the illuminating, witty and often deeply personal notes he wrote for the San Francisco Symphony's program booklets, beginning in 1979." He contributed several entries to the *New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, wrote articles for music journals and magazine, notes for CDs, and published a number of books on music, both collected published annotations and new writings.

## Life and career

Carl Michael Alfred Steinberg was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), on 4 October 1928. In 1939 Steinberg was among the 10,000 child refugees transported out of Germany via the *Kindertransport*; he and his mother settled in England. The two stayed with a family in Stapleford, Cambridgeshire, an assignment organized by the Quakers, and attended The Perse School. After four years in England, Steinberg and his mother joined the eldest brother Franz in St. Louis, US. Steinberg attended Princeton University, where his roommate was the future classical-music scholar and pianist Charles Rosen, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1949.

He then received a Masters in Musicology from Princeton, after study with Oliver Strunk (musicology), Edward T. Cone and Milton Babbitt (theory) as well as the composer Bohuslav Martinů. After Princeton, he lived two years in Italy on a Fulbright scholarship, followed by a two-year stint in Germany with the U.S. Army. Once this posting ended, he became a faculty member of the Manhattan School of Music, where he taught music history.

Steinberg taught at several colleges in New York and Massachusetts before he became music critic for the *Boston Globe* in 1964. His time with the *Globe* was not without controversy. While Steinberg was lauded for his writing, the high standards by which he gauged the performances he reviewed caused friction with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. At one time, the orchestra's members voted to ban Steinberg from attending its concerts. However, after almost 12 years with the *Globe*, he became program annotator for this orchestra. In 1979, he worked as publications director and artistic advisor for the San Francisco Symphony; he stayed until 1989. He was program annotator for a number of other orchestras during his career, including the New York Philharmonic and the Minnesota Orchestra, the latter of which he served as artistic advisor during the 1990s.

In a 1995 interview with the *San Francisco Chronicle*, Steinberg said he saw his role as a critic and annotator as someone "building bridges and helping to create contact between listenersnonprofessional listeners for the most partand music."

Steinberg died in Edina, Minnesota, at the age of 80.

## Selected publications

### Books

* Steinberg, Michael; Hadley, Benjamin; Gelles, George, eds. (1980). *Britannica Book of Music*. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-14191-8.
* (1995). *The Symphony*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506177-2.
* (1998). *The Concerto*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510330-4.
* (2005). *Choral Masterworks: A Listener's Guide*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802921-2.
* ; Rothe, Larry (2006). *For The Love of Music: Invitations to Listening*. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537020-1.

### *Grove* articles

*Grove Music Online*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001 (subscription or UK public library membership required)

## InfoBox

| Michael Steinberg | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Carl Michael Alfred Steinberg
(1928-10-04)October 4, 1928
Breslau, Germany
(now Wrocław, Poland) |
| Died | 26 July 2009(2009-07-26) (aged 80)
Edina, Minnesota, US |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation |  |
| Notable credits |  |


title: Michael Steinberger

abstract: Michael Steinberger is an American author and journalist, who served as the wine columnist of the internet magazine Slate from 2002 to 2011. He has been described as "one of the greatest wine writers on the planet", and to possess a "blessedly trustworthy voice and palate". Steinberger has himself stated his palate is Euro-centric, having been cultivated on French wine, with the wine from Bordeaux and Burgundy being his "touchstones". Currently, Steinberger serves as a freelance writer, often involving topics regarding tennis, for publications including The New York Times.

text:
# Michael Steinberger

**Michael Steinberger** is an American author and journalist, who served as the wine columnist of the internet magazine *Slate* from 2002 to 2011.

He has been described as "one of the greatest wine writers on the planet", and to possess a "blessedly trustworthy voice and palate". Steinberger has himself stated his palate is Euro-centric, having been cultivated on French wine, with the wine from Bordeaux and Burgundy being his "touchstones".

Currently, Steinberger serves as a freelance writer, often involving topics regarding tennis, for publications including *The New York Times*.

## Career

Steinberger has previously worked as a Hong Kong correspondent for *Maclean's*. He has also contributed to publications such as *The New York Times*, *Saveur*, *Financial Times*, *The Economist*, *Food & Wine*, *New York Magazine*, *Wine Spectator*, *The World of Fine Wine*, and *Sommelier Journal*. Steinberger's *Slate* column that had run since June, 2002 was terminated as a result of layoffs by *Slate* parent company The Washington Post Company in August, 2011.

Steinberger's book *Au Revoir to All That* was published in June, 2009.

## Controversy

One of Steinberger's articles published by *Slate* in 2002, "Grape Rot: The New Wine Spectator's Distinct Aroma of Fishiness", led to a harsh response by *Wine Spectator* executive editor Tom Matthews. Steinberger's articles were no longer published in *Wine Spectator* after the article, and Matthews demanded a retraction of the article, while recommending that *Slate* "no longer accept Steinberger's unprofessional and potentially libelous contributions".

An article that revealed Steinberger's distaste for the Sauvignon blanc grape, "White Lies: Why Sauvignon Blanc is Overrated", was widely met with surprise by the wine writers' community.

In a *Slate* article titled "Change We Can Taste", written concerning an interview with White House food and beverage operations usher Daniel Shanks published on *Bloomberg.com*, Steinberger called for a new "wine policy" for the Obama presidency. Coining the term "Shafer-gate", in reference to the serving of bottles of "extravagant" 2003 Shafer Hillside Select, costing around $250 a bottle, at a November 2008 emergency economic summit, the article described the Bush era tactics of "shock and awe" in terms of wine policy, achieved with what Steinberger calls "fruit bombs"; he wrote that the White House wine service had been "hostage to a profoundly misguided strategy", and pointed to Obama's opportunity "to act swiftly and boldly on the wine front". When the article was described by *Decanter.com* to have "slammed the White House wine policy", its contents were quoted and reiterated without any element of satire.

## Personal life

Steinberger currently resides in Hockessin, Delaware with his wife and two kids.

## InfoBox

| Michael Steinberger | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Michael Steinbergerm
(1967-01-23) January 23, 1967 |
| Occupation(s) | Author
Journalist |


title: General Alvear, Mendoza

abstract: General Alvear is the head city of the General Alvear Department, Mendoza in Mendoza Province, Argentina. Founded on August 12, 1914, it currently has a population of 29,909, and its UN/LOCODE is ARGVA. It should not be confused with the General Alvear in Buenos Aires Province.

text:
# General Alvear, Mendoza

**General Alvear** is the head city of the General Alvear Department, Mendoza in Mendoza Province, Argentina.

Founded on August 12, 1914, it currently has a population of 29,909 (2010 census \[INDEC\]), and its UN/LOCODE is ARGVA.

It should not be confused with the General Alvear in Buenos Aires Province.

## Name

The city is named after General Carlos María de Alvear (1789-1852)

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| General Alvear | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
|  | |
| General AlvearLocation of General Alvear in Argentina | |
| Coordinates: 34°58′S 67°42′W / 34.967°S 67.700°W / -34.967; -67.700 | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Province | Mendoza |
| Department | General Alvear |
| Founded | August 12, 1914 |
| Elevation | 468 m (1,535 ft) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| Total | 29,909 |
| Demonym | Alvearense |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (ART) |
| CPA base | 5620 |
| Dialing code | +54 2625 |
| Climate | BWk |
| Website | alvearmendoza.gob.ar |


abstract: A number of prominent participants in the 2000 Fijian coup d'état were tried, and some convicted, in 2004 and 2005.

text:
# Trials since the 2000 Fijian coup d'état

A number of prominent **participants in the 2000 Fijian coup d'état were tried**, and some convicted, in 2004 and 2005.

## Sources

* Baba, T., Nabobo-Baba, U., Field, M. (2005). Speight of Violence: Inside Fiji's 2000 Coup. Australia: Pandanus Books., ISBN 9781740761703
* Pretes, M. (2008). Coup: Reflections on the Political Crisis in Fiji. United States: ANU E Press., ISBN 9781921536373
* Trnka, S. (2011). State of Suffering: Political Violence and Community Survival in Fiji. United States: Cornell University Press., ISBN 9780801461880


title: Trench boot

abstract: The trench boot, sometimes known as the "Pershing boot," was an American combat boot used in the latter stages of World War I, made for the cold mud of trench warfare.

text:
# Trench boot

The **trench boot,** sometimes known as the **"Pershing boot,"** was an American combat boot used in the latter stages of World War I, made for the cold mud of trench warfare.

## Introduction

The 1917 Trench Boot was an adaptation of the boots American manufacturers were selling to the French and Belgian armies at the beginning of World War I. In American service, it replaced the 1912 Russet Marching Shoe. The boot was made of tanned cowhide with a half middle sole covered by a full sole, studded with five rows of hobnails. Iron plates were fixed to the heel. Although it was a great improvement, it lacked waterproofing, leading to trench foot.

## Improvements

In January 1918, Harry Lovejoy Rogers, Quartermaster General of the United States Army, met with a board of officers at American Expeditionary Forces Headquarters to make recommendations in order to improve the footwear of soldiers. The findings of the board were sent to General of the Armies John J. Pershing, who approved the proposed changes. He cabled the study to the War Department for action. Shortly thereafter, the improved 1918 trench boot, also called the "Pershing boot", was first issued to personnel. It used heavier leather in its construction and had several minor changes from the 1917 Boot, including a thicker sole and improved waterproofing. Due to the boots' greater size, they were known as "little tanks" by the soldiers who received them.


title: Michelle Luciano

abstract: Michelle Luciano is a Professor at the School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on the use of twin studies to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to human behavior. She has conducted research on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and brain volume. She was awarded the Visiting Professor Award to visit Trinity College Dublin in June 2019. She was a lead researcher in a study which identified 42 genetic variants associated with dyslexia and that the genetic risk was similar between sexes, this project was in collaboration with researchers from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and 23andMe.

text:
# Michelle Luciano

**Michelle Luciano** is a Professor (Personal Chair of Behavioural Genetics) at the School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on the use of twin studies to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to human behavior. She has conducted research on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and brain volume. She was awarded the Visiting Professor Award to visit Trinity College Dublin in June 2019. She was a lead researcher in a study which identified 42 genetic variants associated with dyslexia and that the genetic risk was similar between sexes, this project was in collaboration with researchers from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and 23andMe .

## InfoBox

| Michelle Luciano | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Scottish, Italian, Australian |
| Education | James Cook University<br>University of Queensland |
| Known for | Behavioral genetics |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Psychology |
| Institutions | University of Edinburgh |
|  | |


title: Michel Cormier (ice hockey)

abstract: Michel Cormier is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played 182 games in the World Hockey Association. He played with the Phoenix Roadrunners.

text:
# Michel Cormier (ice hockey)

**Michel Cormier** (born December 22, 1945) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played 182 games in the World Hockey Association. He played with the Phoenix Roadrunners.

## InfoBox

| Michel Cormier | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1945-12-22) December 22, 1945<br>Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) | | |
| Weight | 170 lb (77 kg; 12 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Left Wing | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Phoenix Roadrunners | | |
| Playing career | 19661979 | | |


title: General Relativity (book)

abstract: General Relativity is a graduate textbook and reference on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity written by the gravitational physicist Robert Wald.

text:
# General Relativity (book)

***General Relativity*** is a graduate textbook and reference on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity written by the gravitational physicist Robert Wald.

## Overview

First published by the University of Chicago Press in 1984, the book, a tome of almost 500 pages, covers many aspects of the general theory of relativity. It is divided into two parts. Part I covers the fundamentals of the subject and Part II the more advanced topics such as causal structure, and quantum effects. The book uses the abstract index notation for tensors. It treats spinors, the variational-principle formulation, the initial-value formulation, (exact) gravitational waves, singularities, Penrose diagrams, Hawking radiation, and black-hole thermodynamics.

It is aimed at beginning graduate students and researchers. To this end, most of the materials in Part I is geared towards an introductory course on the subject while Part II covers a wide range of advanced topics for a second term or further study. The essential mathematical methods for the formulation of general relativity are presented in Chapters 2 and 3 while more advanced techniques are discussed in Appendices A to C. Wald believes that this is the best way forward because putting all the mathematical techniques at the beginning of the book would prove to be a major obstruction for students while developing these mathematical tools as they get used would mean they are too scattered to be useful. While the Hamiltonian formalism is often presented in conjunction with the initial-value formulation, Wald's coverage of the latter is independent of the former, which is thus relegated to the appendix, alongside the Lagrangian formalism.

This book uses the $-+++$ sign convention for reasons of technical convenience. However, there is one important exception. In Chapter 13 – and *only* in Chapter 13 –, the sign convention is switched to $+---$ because it is easier to treat spinors this way. Moreover, this is the most common sign convention used in the literature.

Most of the book uses geometrized units, meaning the fundamental natural constants $G$ (Newton's gravitational constant) and $c$ (the speed of light in vacuum) are set equal to one, except when predictions that can be tested are made.

## Table of Contents

## Versions

## Assessment

According to Daniel Finley, a professor at the University of New Mexico, this textbook offers good physics intuition. However, the author did not use the most modern mathematical methods available, and his treatment of cosmology is now outdated. Finley believes that the abstract index notation is difficult to learn, though convenient for those who have mastered it.

Theoretical physicist James W. York wrote that *General Relativity* is a sophisticated yet concise book on the subject that should be appealing to the mathematically inclined, as a high level of rigor is maintained throughout the book. However, he believed the material on linearized gravity is too short, and recommended *Gravitation* by Charles Misner, Kip Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler, and *Gravitation and Cosmology* by Steven Weinberg as supplements.

Hans C. Ohanian, who taught and researched gravitation at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, opined that *General Relativity* provides a modern introduction to the subject with emphasis on tensor and topological methods and offers some "sharp insights." However, its quality is very variable. Topics such as geodetic motion in the Schwarzschild metric, the Krushkal extension, and energy extraction from black holes, are handled well while empirical tests of Einstein's theory are barely scratched and the treatment of advanced topics, including cosmology, is just too brief to be useful to students. Due to its heavy use of higher mathematics, it may not be suitable for an introductory course.

Lee Smolin argued that *General Relativity* bridges the gap between the presentation of the material in older textbooks and the literature. For example, while the early pioneers of the subject, including Einstein himself, employed coordinate-based methods, researchers since the mid-1960s have switched to coordinate-free formulations, of which Wald's text is entirely based. Its style is uniformly clear and economic, if too brief at times. Topics that deserve more attention include gravitational radiation and cosmology. However, this book can be supplemented by those by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler, and by Weinberg. Smolin was teaching a course on general relativity to undergraduates as well as graduate students at Yale University using this book and felt satisfied with the results. He also found it useful as a reference to refresh his memory.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

General Relativity
| Hardcover edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert Wald |
| Cover artist | René Magritte |
| Language | English |
| Subject | General relativity |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | The University of Chicago Press |
| Publication date | 1984, 2010 |
| Publication place | United States of America |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | xiii + 491 |
| ISBN | 0-226-87033-2 |
| OCLC | 10018614 |
| Dewey Decimal | 530.1/1 19 |
| LC Class | QC173.6 .W35 1984 |


title: Tribunal d'instance

abstract:
In France prior to 2020, the Tribunal d'instance was a judicial lower court of record of first instance for general civil suits and included a criminal division, the Police Court, which heard cases of misdemeanors or summary offences (contraventions). Since it had original jurisdiction, the Court's rulings could be appealed to a French appellate court or Supreme Court. Prior to 1958, the court was known as a Justice of the Peace Court until the judicial restructuring of 1958. In the Court, proceedings were conducted based on oral testimony and arguments, and, unlike in higher courts, legal counsel is not mandatory. Other judicial courts of original jurisdiction were:
  - Magistrate courts - for small claims and petty misdemeanors
  - High courts - handled complex suits and had a criminal section, the Criminal Court, that hears cases involving lesser felonies (délits).
  - Commercial court
  - Employment Tribunal
  - Agricultural Land Tribunal
  - Social security tribunal. These were eliminated in 2020.

text:
# Tribunal d'instance

In France prior to 2020, the ***Tribunal d'instance*** (literally "Court of First Instance") was a judicial lower court of record of first instance for general civil suits and included a criminal division, the Police Court (*tribunal de police*), which heard cases of misdemeanors or summary offences (*contraventions*). Since it had original jurisdiction, the Court's rulings could be appealed to a French appellate court or Supreme Court. Prior to 1958, the court was known as a Justice of the Peace Court (*justice de paix*) until the judicial restructuring of 1958.

In the Court, proceedings were conducted based on oral testimony and arguments, and, unlike in higher courts, legal counsel is not mandatory.

Other judicial courts of original jurisdiction were:

* Magistrate courts (*juge de proximité*) - for small claims and petty misdemeanors (since 1 July 2017 these claims now fall under the jurisdiction of the tribunal d'instance)
* High courts (*tribunal de grande instance*) - handled complex suits and had a criminal section, the Criminal Court (*tribunal correctionnel*), that hears cases involving lesser felonies (*délits*).
* Commercial court (*Tribunal de commerce*)
* Employment Tribunal (*Conseil des prud'hommes*)
* Agricultural Land Tribunal (*tribunal paritaire des baux ruraux*)
* Social security tribunal (*tribunal des affaires de sécurité sociale*). These were eliminated in 2020.

## Degrees of jurisdiction

As a general rule, the French court system is divided into three degrees of jurisdiction:

* Original or general jurisdiction for the first hearing of cases;
* Appellate jurisdiction for appeals from lower courts;
* Courts of last resort for appeals from appellate courts on the interpretation of law.

## Duties

The Court has civil jurisdiction over personal property claims, monetary claims not exceeding 10,000 euros, and other civil actions for which the court has exclusive jurisdiction, those being:

* Private property leases
* Disputes relating to the elections of personnel delegates.
* the distance questions and height of the plantations.
* the movable credit to the consumption up to €21,500.
* Asset seizure
* Defamation suits
* Guardianship of minors and disabled persons
* Voter registration

Claims over 10,000 euros, unless in the above exclusive areas of law, fall under the civil jurisdiction of superior courts.

1. See: Serge Guinchard, André Varinard and Thierry Debard, "Institutions juriidctionnelles" (judicial institutions), Dalloz editor, 2011.


title: Travis Jeppesen

abstract: Travis Jeppesen is an American novelist, playwright, poet, artist, and art critic. He is known, among other works, for his novels Settlers Landing and The Suiciders; a non-fiction novel about North Korea, See You Again in Pyongyang; and for his object-oriented writing work, 16 Sculptures. He also wrote the 2014 feature film The Coat, directed by Christophe Chemin.

text:
# Travis Jeppesen

**Travis Jeppesen** is an American novelist, playwright, poet, artist, and art critic. He is known, among other works, for his novels *Settlers Landing* and *The Suiciders*; a non-fiction novel about North Korea, *See You Again in Pyongyang*; and for his object-oriented writing work, *16 Sculptures*. He also wrote the 2014 feature film *The Coat*, directed by Christophe Chemin.

## Life and career

Travis Jeppesen was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina. He attended college at The New School, where he studied literature and philosophy. Upon graduation, he moved to Europe in 2001.

Jeppesen's first novel, *Victims*, was selected by Dennis Cooper to debut his Little House on the Bowery series for Akashic Books in 2003; a Russian translation of the novel was published in 2005 by Eksmo. Written in a Southern Gothic vein, the novel is inspired in part by the UFO religious cult Heaven's Gate, which he researched extensively while working on the book. With its use of multiple narrators, dark absurdist comedy, and what Michael Miller, writing for the Village Voice, deemed its "schizophrenic logic" and "gleefully unique syntax," critics compared the novel's style to authors as diverse as William Faulkner, Kathy Acker, and Jean-Paul Sartre.

Jeppesen followed *Victims* with a collection of poetry, *Poems I Wrote While Watching TV*. It was described by one critic as "synesthetic, kinetic poems hypersaturated with mass culture images, delivered in a tone that manages to sound simultaneously surreal and conversational." A second collection, *Dicklung & Others*, appeared in November 2009. That year, his play *Daddy* premiered at Hebbel am Ufer in Berlin, starring Vaginal Davis.

Jeppesen's second novel, *Wolf at the Door* (Twisted Spoon Press), was completed during a residency at the Slovene Writers' Association in Ljubljana, and appeared in 2007. The book consists of two separate plot lines that never intersect. One concerns an aging artist suffering from a terminal illness who has removed himself to a small cabin to live out his final days, his sole contact being with a deaf-mute gravedigger with whom he is unable to effectively communicate. The second story centers on the nocturnal wanderings of a former porn star, who may or may not be a serial killer, in an unnamed Eastern European city. With its morbid themes and depictions of violence, the novel alienated many readers. Others, such as the writer Noah Cicero, championed the novel for its originality, dark humor, and linguistic ingenuity.

Jeppesen's third novel, *The Suiciders*, is considered by many to be his wildest book, with "writing that can go almost anywhere at any time," in the words of Blake Butler, though it can also be considered as a 21st-century continuation of the grotesque body tradition of *Gargantua and Pantagruel* and *Don Quixote*. Subsequent to its publication, he performed “marathon readings” of the entire novel, lasting eight hours without pause, at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York.

Jeppesen's critical writings on art, film, and literature have appeared in *Artforum*, *Art in America*, *Texte zur Kunst*, *Flash Art*, *New York Press*, *Bookforum*, *The Stranger*, and *Zoo Magazine*. He is the recipient of a 2013 Arts Writers Grant from Creative Capital/the Warhol Foundation. A collection of his art criticism, *Disorientations*, was published in 2008; subsequently, Jeppesen launched disorientations.com, a "one-man art magazine." As of 2020, Disorientations also includes links to Jeppesen's published art reviews and essays online, as well as miscellaneous poetry, fiction, and essays he has written, much of it previously only available in print form.

In October 2011, Jeppesen announced that he would be shifting the focus of the website to explore his notion of object-oriented writing, a new form of writing he invented in response to his feelings of frustration over traditional art criticism. Over the next few years, Jeppesen worked on the development of object-oriented writing as a hybrid creative-critical practice. In its proposition of a metaphysics of art writing, object-oriented writing could be thought of as a parallel creative practice to object-oriented ontology and speculative realism. It locates itself within the work of art, rather than outside, and attempts to infest the inanimate art object with human agency via the act of writing. In 16 Sculptures, Jeppesen re-created sixteen sculptures, from throughout the history of art, in the medium of language. The texts' style range from monologues, dialogues, rants, songs, poems, and epiphanies, among other, more hybrid or inventive forms, all of them evasive of the tropes of traditional art criticism. *16 Sculptures* manifested in the form of a published book, but also an audio installation, in which visitors to the gallery sat in chairs and put on black glasses that blocked out their vision and listened to audio recordings—or "evocations"—of the texts on headphones. Early on in the project, Jeppesen also intended a limited edition vinyl release consisting of sixteen records, but to date this has not happened. In 2014, *16 Sculptures* was featured in the Whitney Biennial and in a solo exhibition at Wilkinson Gallery in London. Excerpts from *16 Sculptures*, translated into Mandarin, were recorded and featured in a group exhibition in Beijing.

Shortly thereafter, Jeppesen began exhibiting his calligraphic work on paper widely in exhibitions throughout Europe and Asia. While this work is presented in traditional art world contexts (galleries and museums), Jeppesen insists that these works are instances of writing "in the expanded field."

In addition to his object-oriented writing and calligraphic works, Jeppesen continued to write fiction. 2014 saw the publication of *All Fall*, which consisted of two novellas: "Written in the Sky," an invocation of a plane crashing in slow motion (that Jeppesen allegedly wrote on a red-eye flight from Beijing to Vienna in the fall of 2012); and "White Night," described as a "thoughtscape" of the philosopher Gilles Deleuze in the moments preceding his suicide on November 4, 1995. The book was officially published on November 4, 2014, to commemorate Deleuze's death.

An itinerant traveler, Jeppesen made his first visit to North Korea in 2012. His fascination with the country led him to enroll in a Korean language program at Kim Hyong Jik University in Pyongyang in 2016, becoming the first American in history to ever study at a North Korean university. Between 2012 and 2017, Jeppesen made five visits to North Korea, and was one of the last Americans to visit before the United States instituted a travel ban to the country. Jeppesen wrote a non-fiction novel based on his experiences, *See You Again in Pyongyang*, which was published in 2018. He has also written about North Korea for *The New York Times*, *The Wall Street Journal, the New York *Daily News*,* Artforum*, and* Art in America*.*

He has taught as a visiting tutor in the art department at Goldsmiths University and as a visiting lecturer in Critical Writing in Art and Design at the Royal College of Art, where he completed his PhD in 2016. His PhD thesis, ‘’Towards a 21st Century Expressionist Art Criticism’’, took an activist approach to its subject, arguing for a return to art criticism’s roots as an essentially creative, literary discipline. A revised version of the thesis was later published in the form of a collection of essays and “ficto-criticism,” *Bad Writing*. In 2019, he moved to Shanghai, where he taught at the Institute for Cultural and Creative Industry at Shanghai Jiaotong University. In 2022, Jeppesen announced his resignation from his academic post, following the harsh measures of the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai. Jeppesen returned to his long-term home in Berlin in 2023, where his newest play, *Ghosts of the Landwehr Canal*, was premiered.

In 2024, Jeppesen was named Senior Web Editor of Artforum.

## *Settlers Landing*

In 2023, his novel *Settlers Landing* was published. The culmination of eleven or twelve years of work, the novel, at 836 pages, is Jeppesen's longest book. The novel is a parable of twenty-first century colonialism, and features such inventions as a talking dog, dodgy real estate developers, fugitive rap stars, an infinite release opioid manufactured by North Korea, and a lawyer loosely based on Roy Cohn.

Miles Pflanz, writing for the *Whitney Review of New Writing*, applauded the novel for its "Tolstoy-televisual detail that gives the novel a naturalistic edge and grounds in the plausible the spectacular excess. But the strongest moments hinge on Jeppesen’s talent for dialogue. In lengthy passages of it, he brings humane insight into bit characters, dispatching the reader into the nebulous consequences of contemporary anomie. If there is a moral vision that elevates Jeppesen’s farce, it’s in these conversations where characters grapple with the meaning of their pain and perseverance before an inevitable crash and burn into catty obscenity. Their inabilities to imagine a path out of their respective quagmires lead to schizo neologisms — algorithmic colonialism and necro-phallic accelerationism among them — that propel the plot through dizzying descriptions of Shinjuku sex clubs, harsh noise-rap, and opioid-fueled assault-gun pump frenzy."

## Novels

* *Victims* (2003, Akashic; ISBN 9781888451429 / 2015, ITNA; ISBN 1888451424)
* *Wolf at the Door* (2007, Twisted Spoon; ISBN 8086264297)
* *The Suiciders* (2013, Semiotext(e); ISBN 978-1584351252)
* *All Fall: Two Novellas* (2014, Publication Studio; ISBN 9781624620713)
* *Settlers Landing* (2023, ITNA Press; ISBN 9780997643282)

## Poetry

## Graphic novels

* *Siilky's Room: Outside an anthology of new horror fiction.* With art by Winston Chimielinski (2017)

## Nonfiction

*Disorientations* was named Nonfiction Book of the Year by 3am Magazine.

## Object-oriented writing

## Solo exhibitions

* *Travis Jeppesen: Word* (Rupert, Vilnius, 2016)
* *Travis Jeppesen: New Writing* (Exile, Berlin, 2016)
* *Travis Jeppesen: 16 Sculptures* (Wilkinson Gallery, London, 2014)

## Group exhibitions

* *Down Where Changed* (Cubitt, London, 2014-2015)
* *Cucumber Bones* (Toves, Copenhagen, 2014)
* *Whitney Biennial* (Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 2014)
* *House Style* (Tramway, Glasgow, 2013)

## InfoBox

| Travis Jeppesen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S. |
| Occupation | * Novelist * playwright * poet * artist * art critic |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | The New School<br>Royal College of Art (PhD) |


title: Trevelino/Keller

abstract: Trevelino/Keller Communications Group is a public relations firm based in Atlanta. The firm has four practices: Progressive Technologies, Consumer Lifestyle, Business-to-Business, and GreenWorks.

text:
# Trevelino/Keller

**Trevelino/Keller Communications Group** is a public relations firm based in Atlanta. The firm has four practices: Progressive Technologies, Consumer Lifestyle, Business-to-Business, and GreenWorks.

## History

Dean Trevelino and Genna Keller, long-standing partners from the 1990s where they met at Shandwick and 1999–2003 where they realigned at Ogilvy, started Trevelino/Keller in 2003. The firm concentrates on emerging and established companies based in the Southeast with a national or international footprint.

## Atlas Alliance

A consortium of boutique agencies started in 2005 by Trevelino/Keller, an Atlanta-based national public relations firm. Atlas Alliance consists of UK-based The Word Shop, Atlanta-based Lanza Group, Dubai-based Active PR, Los Angeles-based Platform Media Group and Singapore-based Mileage Communications.

## Start-Up Council

The Start-Up Council was created in 2006 by Trevelino/Keller as a gratis-based initiative to support start-up companies in need of early stage counsel. Led by Trevelino/Keller, the counsel consists of consultants representing public relations, marketing, branding, financial services, human resources, outsourced manufacturing, venture capital, business strategy and legal. Start-up Council is hosted quarterly by Trevelino/Keller.

## InfoBox

Trevelino/Keller Communications Group
| Company type | Public Relations Firm |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Headquarters | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Key people | Dean Trevelino, Principal, Genna Keller, Principal |
| Products | FirstGear, FRAN-ADE, SocialStatus |


abstract: Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle is a book written by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. The book was published in 1844, and is based on his travels during the second voyage of HMS Beagle, commanded by captain Robert FitzRoy. It is the second book in a series of geology books written by Darwin that also includes The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs and Geological Observations on South America. The text contains seven chapters, and includes observations made during Darwin's travels to the volcanic island of St. Jago in Cape Verde, the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Ascension Island, the island of Saint Helena, the Galápagos Islands, James Island, New Zealand, Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and the Cape of Good Hope. The book includes one of the earliest accounts of the process of magmatic differentiation. While observing a basaltic lava flow in the Galápagos Islands, Darwin observed that "crystals sink from their weight" and that this "throws light on the separation of the high silica versus low silica series of rocks." This was the first proposal of the fractional crystallization hypothesis of magma differentiation that was further developed and demonstrated in the 20th century. The geologist Archibald Geikie praised the book, calling it "the best authority on the general geological structure of most of the regions it describes," and that Darwin was "one of the earliest writers to recognize the magnitude of denudation to which even recent geological accumulations have been subjected." A second edition of the book, published in 1876, combines Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands with Geological Observations on South America.

text:
# Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands

***Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle*** is a book written by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. The book was published in 1844, and is based on his travels during the second voyage of HMS *Beagle*, commanded by captain Robert FitzRoy. It is the second book in a series of geology books written by Darwin that also includes *The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs* (published in 1842) and *Geological Observations on South America* (published in 1846).

The text contains seven chapters, and includes observations made during Darwin's travels to the volcanic island of St. Jago in Cape Verde, the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Ascension Island, the island of Saint Helena, the Galápagos Islands, James Island, New Zealand, Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and the Cape of Good Hope.

The book includes one of the earliest accounts of the process of magmatic differentiation. While observing a basaltic lava flow in the Galápagos Islands, Darwin observed that "crystals sink from their weight" and that this "throws light on the separation of the high silica versus low silica series of rocks." This was the first proposal of the fractional crystallization hypothesis of magma differentiation that was further developed and demonstrated in the 20th century.

The geologist Archibald Geikie praised the book, calling it "the best authority on the general geological structure of most of the regions it describes," and that Darwin was "one of the earliest writers to recognize the magnitude of denudation to which even recent geological accumulations have been subjected."

A second edition of the book, published in 1876, combines *Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands* with *Geological Observations on South America*.

1. On p. 117 of his *Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands* … (1844), Darwin noted the precipitation of albite crystals within basaltic lava on Santiago Island (or "James Island") of the Galápagos Islands. He then cited a work by "von Buch" (German geologist and paleontologist Christian Leopold von Buch (1774–1853)): *Physikalische Beschreibung der canarischen Inseln* \[Physical description of the Canary Islands\] (Berlin, 1825), which was translated into French as: Léopold von Buch, with C. Boulanger, trans., *Description physique des Îles Canaries* (Paris, France: F. G. Levrault, 1836). Darwin cited pp. 190–191 of that translation, where Buch mentions a similar geological formation on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands and where he mentions a "M. de Drée", who had found experimentally that feldspar crystals form and precipitate in molten lava: *"Les expériences de M. de Drée, dans lesquelles il a fait fondre diverses laves dans un creuset, ont prouvé que dans une telle masse fluide, les cristaux de feldspath devaient tendre à se précipiter au fond."* (The experiments of M. de Drée, in which he melted various lavas in a crucible, proved that in such a fluid mass, crystals of feldspar should tend to precipitate to the bottom.) "M. de Drée" was Étienne-Marie-Gilbert, Marquis de Drée (1760–1848) \[ Fr \], a French amateur geologist who in 1808 had presented to *L'Institut national de France* his paper *"Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de liquéfaction ignée qui explique la formation des laves lithoïdes"* (Memoir on a new type of igneous liquefaction that explains the formation of stony lavas). (Summarized (in French) in: Etienne-Marie-Gilbert Drée (1808 March 28) "Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de liquéfaction ignée qui explique la formation des laves lithoïdes," *Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences*, **1** : 137–142.) On pp. 16–17 of the memoir, Drée stated: *"En plaçant le morceau de porphyre dans le creuset no. 6, je suis certain que ce morceau touchoit au fond du creuset, et cependant on voit dans le produit tous les cristaux réunis dans la partie supérieure, preuve que la liquéfaction a été assez complète pour permettre l'élévation des cristaux de feld-spath (1)."* (In placing the piece of porphyry in crucible number 6, I'm certain that that piece touched the bottom of the crucible, and yet one sees in the product all of the crystals clustered in the upper part — proof that the liquefaction was complete enough to permit the rising \[i.e., floating\] of the crystals of feldspar <sup>(1)</sup>.) Thus, although Drée had expected the feldspar crystals to float, they instead sank to the bottom of the molten lava — just as had happened in the lavas of James Island and Tenerife.

## InfoBox

Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
| Author | Charles Darwin |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Geology |
| Publication date | 1844 |
| Media type | Book |


title: Michelle Doherty

abstract: Michelle Doherty is an Irish radio/television presenter, model, actress, and DJ. She has presented various television shows including Xposé, a daily entertainment/celebrity gossip TV show on TV3 in Ireland, Arthur's Day, RTÉ Two television series Under Ether, the weekday breakfast show, Pure Morning on Phantom FM now TXFM, and Night Shift and Day Shift on Channel 6 for a number of years before the closure of the station on 31 December 2008.

text:
# Michelle Doherty

**Michelle Doherty** is an Irish radio/television presenter, model, actress, and DJ. She has presented various television shows including *Xposé*, a daily entertainment/celebrity gossip TV show on *TV3* in Ireland, Arthur's Day, RTÉ Two television series *Under Ether*, the weekday breakfast show, Pure Morning on Phantom FM now TXFM, and *Night Shift* and *Day Shift* on Channel 6 for a number of years before the closure of the station on 31 December 2008.

## Career

Doherty is a model with Morgan The Agency, having got her career break whilst working in Dublin, Ireland as an air stewardess for the airline Aer Lingus, where she had worked since 1997. She entered the Miss Ireland pageant in both 1995 and 1997, the latter of which she was Miss Belfast. She was among twelve well-known females who took part in the "Max Factor Salutes Great Moments in Fashion" show for which she was styled in vintage fashions and hair styles, photographed by fashion photographer Sarah Doyle and wore a figure-hugging black dress by Louise Kennedy for a portrait which was then sold off at a charity auction. She presented *Night Shift*, the short lived alternative music show on Channel Six, seven nights per week and also on two weekend afternoons. The decision not to renew the show left both her and Elton Mullally, the co-presenter of the show, feeling "completely bewildered, and absolutely gutted".

An online campaign to reinstate her on the new 3e roster was launched immediately. The programme is rumoured to be returning in 2014. Doherty's other careers have included a radio show, *Finest Work Songs* and *Pure Morning* on Phantom 105.2, co-hosting of the next-to-inaugural Choice Music Prize at Vicar Street, Dublin in February 2007 and being nominated for an IFTA. She also had a presenting role during the Arthur's Day events in Dublin in 2009. She has presented *(When) Under Ether* for RTÉ Two on Tuesday nights.

She presented Haiti Aid on 3 February 2010 at Whelan's and The Village in Dublin.

Doherty played the part of "Liv" in Lenny Abrahamson's critically acclaimed, award-winning film *What Richard Did* and played the lead role, Katelin Ballantine, in independent Irish film The Hit Producer.

## Personal life

Doherty is originally from County Donegal. After spending many years between London, Dublin and Melbourne, she recently relocated with her family to Sydney where she currently resides.

## Awards and nominations

As well as being nominated for an IFTA, Doherty has also been nominated for Ireland's TV Personality of the Year award.

Doherty has won the Best Irish Radio DJ category in the *Hot Press* Annual Poll in 2009 and 2010 becoming the first ever female DJ to do so.

## InfoBox

| Michelle Doherty | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | County Donegal,
Ireland |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, radio and television presenter, model, dj |
| Known for | *Xposé* (Entertainment/celebrity gossip TV show) presenter,
presenting *Night Shift*,
Radio presenter Phantom FM (now TXFM) |
| Partner | Mark O'Shea |
| Children | 1 |
| Website | *MichelleDoherty.com* |


title: Trichostomum

abstract: Trichostomum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.

text:
# Trichostomum

***Trichostomum*** is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae.

The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus *Trichostomum*:

## InfoBox

| *Trichostomum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trichostomum crispulum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Dicranidae |
| Order: | Pottiales |
| Family: | Pottiaceae |
| Genus: | *Trichostomum*<br>Bruch, 1829 |
|


title: Trichostigma octandrum

abstract: Trichostigma octandrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Petiveriaceae. It was formerly placed in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae. It is native to the Neotropics. It is known in English as hoopvine (Florida), black basket wythe, cooper's wythe, basket wiss or basket with, and hoop with. Common French names include liane pannier or liane a barques. Spanish names include bejuco canesta, sotacaballo, and pabello,. The plant has medicinal and fiber uses.

text:
# Trichostigma octandrum

***Trichostigma octandrum*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Petiveriaceae. It was formerly placed in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae. It is native to the Neotropics. It is known in English as **hoopvine** (Florida), **black basket wythe**, **cooper's wythe**, **basket wiss** or **basket with**, and **hoop with**. Common French names include **liane pannier** or **liane a barques** ('basket vine' or 'barrel vine'). Spanish names include **bejuco canesta**, **sotacaballo**, and **pabello**, (Puerto Rico, Central America, basket vine, substitute horse, or pavilion). The plant has medicinal and fiber uses.

## Description

*Trichostigma octandrum* strongly resembles pigeonberry (*Rivina humilis*). These are shrubs or free-standing vines up to 10 m wide and 6 m tall, with hairless twining, trailing or climbing stems. The stems range from 4–15 cm in diameter. The leaves are entire 4–9 cm blades ovate on long petioles. The apex is short and glabrous. The flowers form clusters, 5–7 cm long in a narrow raceme with flowers on stalks 4–6 cm long. The oval sepals are reflexed away from the fruit, 4–6 mm long and glabrous. The fruit are reddish-purple fleshy oval berries 4–5 mm long. The pollinator is unknown, but may be mosquitoes. The plant is spread by birds, who eat the fruit, but is also cultivated as a decorative plant or bower, as a fiber, for medicine, and food

## Habitat and range

It is found Florida, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America as far as Argentina. In Puerto Rico, it grows in farm and urban areas, where the species grows on roadsides, fencerows, woodlots, brushy pastures, brushy vacant lots, and stream bottom galleries. The shrub also covers windfalls, fences, rocks, and forms mounds of tangled stems to 2 m high in open areas. Hoopvine grows on soils of all textures in a wide range of pH’s derived from both igneous, metamorphic (including ultramafics) and sedimentary (including limestone) rocks. In Puerto Rico, it grows in areas receiving from 900 to 2500 mm of precipitation. The plant also grows in tropical swamps near the edges of hammocks and brakes. It is most common near the coasts, but also occurs at rare intervals in the Florida Everglades.

## Uses

Both the split stems and bast fibers have been used to make barrel hoops, baskets, bent furniture and crafts. Young leaves may be boiled and eaten as vegetables, discarding the bitter water. It is grown ornamentally and is a large sturdy plant that may be trained into bowers and enclosures. The purple juice from the berries stains, and may form a dye. Vegetative parts may be used for heart palpitations. A powder of the bark may be used to treat colds and water retention. Colombians use the leaves to help cure wounds. Hispaniolans use a tea to help with asthma or choking. The fruits are also used in medicines. Related genera *Petivera* and *Phytolacca* are known to have many bioactive compounds.

## InfoBox

| *Trichostigma octandrum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Petiveriaceae |
| Genus: | *Trichostigma* |
| Species: | ***T. octandrum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichostigma octandrum***<br>(L.) H.Walter | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Rivina dodecandra* Jacq. * *Rivina ehrenbergiana* Klotzsch ex Moq. * *Rivina humilis* var. *scandens* L. * *Rivina moritziana* Klotzsch ex Moq. * *Rivina octandra* L. * *Rivina octandra* var. *obtusifolia* Moq. * *Rivina scandens* Mill. * *Trichostigma rivinoides* A.Rich. * *Villamilla octandra* (L.) Hook.f. | |


title: Tricarboxylic acid

abstract: A tricarboxylic acid is an organic carboxylic acid whose chemical structure contains three carboxyl functional groups (−COOH). The best-known example of a tricarboxylic acid is citric acid.

text:
# Tricarboxylic acid

A **tricarboxylic acid** is an organic carboxylic acid whose chemical structure contains three carboxyl functional groups (−COOH). The best-known example of a tricarboxylic acid is citric acid.

## Uses

### Citric acid cycle

Citric acid, a type of tricarboxylic acid, is used in the citric acid cycle – also known as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle – which is fundamental to all aerobic organisms.

## Examples

| Common name | **IUPAC** name | Molecular formula | Structural formula |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| citric acid | 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C6H8O7 |  |
| isocitric acid | 1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C6H8O7 |  |
| aconitic acid | prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C6H6O6 | (cis-form and trans-form) |
| propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C3H5(COOH)3 |  |
| agaric acid | 2-hydroxynonadecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid | C22H40O7 |  |
| trimesic acid | benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid | C9H6O6 |  |

## Literature

* Ryan J. Mailloux, Robin Bériault, Joseph Lemire, Ranji Singh, Daniel R. Chénier, Robert D. Hamel, Vasu D. Appanna (2007). "The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, an Ancient Metabolic Network with a Novel Twist". *PLOS ONE*. **2** (8): e690. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..690M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000690. PMC 1930152. PMID 17668068.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


title: Tricarbonate

abstract: In organic chemistry, a tricarbonate is a compound containing the divalent −O−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−O− functional group, which consists of three carbonate groups linked in a chain by sharing of oxygen atoms. These compounds can be viewed as derivatives of a hypothetical tricarbonic acid, HO−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−OH. An important example is di-tert-butyl tricarbonate (H3C−)3C−C3O7−C(−CH3)3, an intermediate in the synthesis of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate. The term tricarbonate is sometimes used for salts that contain three carbonate dianions in their covalent structure or stoichiometric formula, such as cerium tricarbonate Ce2(CO3)3.

text:
# Tricarbonate

In organic chemistry, a **tricarbonate** is a compound containing the divalent −O−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−O− functional group, which consists of three carbonate groups linked in a chain by sharing of oxygen atoms. These compounds can be viewed as derivatives of a hypothetical **tricarbonic acid**, HO−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−OH. An important example is di-*tert*-butyl tricarbonate (H3C−)3C−C3O7−C(−CH3)3, an intermediate in the synthesis of di-*tert*-butyl dicarbonate.

The term *tricarbonate* is sometimes used for salts that contain three carbonate dianions in their covalent structure or stoichiometric formula, such as cerium tricarbonate Ce2(CO3)3.

## InfoBox

Tricarbonate ion
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name Tricarbonate | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C3O2−7 |
| Molar mass | 148.026 g·mol−1 |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | Trigonal planar at carbon atoms |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Genevieve Valentine

abstract: Genevieve Valentine is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. Her first novel, Mechanique: A Tale of the Circus Tresaulti, won the Crawford Award for a first fantasy novel, and was shortlisted for the Nebula. Her short stories have been nominated for multiple awards such as a Shirley Jackson Award and World Fantasy Award. Her second novel, a historical fiction and fairy tale retelling, The Girls at the Kingfisher Club, was published in 2014. She wrote The Persona Series for Saga Press, a science fiction thriller series which includes the novels Persona (2015) and Icon (2016). From 2014 to 2015, Valentine scripted a new series for DC Comics featuring Catwoman, working with artists Garry Brown and David Messina. Afterwards, she worked on Batman and Robin Eternal as scripter. Her new comic series Two Graves, illustrated by Annie Wu and Ming Doyle, premiered in November 2022 from Image Comics. Her cultural criticism has appeared in NPR, The AV Club, Los Angeles Review of Books, Vice, Vox, and The New York Times, among others.

text:
# Genevieve Valentine

**Genevieve Valentine** (born 1981) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. Her first novel, *Mechanique: A Tale of the Circus Tresaulti*, won the Crawford Award for a first fantasy novel, and was shortlisted for the Nebula.

Her short stories have been nominated for multiple awards such as a Shirley Jackson Award and World Fantasy Award.

Her second novel, a historical fiction and fairy tale retelling, *The Girls at the Kingfisher Club*, was published in 2014.

She wrote *The Persona Series* for Saga Press (edited by Navah Wolfe), a science fiction thriller series which includes the novels *Persona* (2015) and *Icon* (2016).

From 2014 to 2015, Valentine scripted a new series for DC Comics featuring Catwoman, working with artists Garry Brown and David Messina. Afterwards, she worked on *Batman and Robin Eternal* as scripter.

Her new comic series *Two Graves*, illustrated by Annie Wu and Ming Doyle, premiered in November 2022 from Image Comics.

Her cultural criticism has appeared in NPR, *The AV Club*, *Los Angeles Review of Books*, *Vice*, *Vox*, and *The New York Times*, among others.

## Bibliography

### Novels

* *Mechanique: A Tale of the Circus Tresaulti*. Rockville, Md.: Prime Books. 2011. ISBN 1607012537.
* *The Girls at the Kingfisher Club* (First Atria Books hardcover ed.). New York: Atria Books. 2014. ISBN 1476739080.
* *Persona*. Simon and Schuster. 2015. ISBN 1481425129.
* *Icon*. Simon and Schuster. 2016. ISBN 9781481425155.

### Comics

## InfoBox

| Genevieve Valentine | |
| --- | --- |
| Valentine at WonderCon 2017 | |
| Born | 1981 (age 4243) |
| Occupation |  |
| Nationality | American |
| Genre | Fantasy, steampunk, science fiction |
| Website | |
| www.genevievevalentine.com | |


title: Triepeolus loomisorum

abstract: Triepeolus loomisorum is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.

text:
# Triepeolus loomisorum

***Triepeolus loomisorum*** is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Triepeolus loomisorum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Subtribe: | Thalestriina |
| Genus: | *Triepeolus* |
| Species: | ***T. loomisorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triepeolus loomisorum***<br>Rozen, 1989 | |
|


title: Geoffrey Cox (journalist)

abstract: Sir Geoffrey Sandford Cox was a New Zealand-born newspaper and television journalist. He was a former editor and chief executive of ITN and a founder of News at Ten.

text:
# Geoffrey Cox (journalist)

**Sir Geoffrey Sandford Cox** CNZM CBE (7 April 1910  2 April 2008) was a New Zealand-born newspaper and television journalist. He was a former editor and chief executive of ITN and a founder of *News at Ten*.

## Early life

Cox was born in Palmerston North, New Zealand, the son of Charles William Sandford Cox, a bank manager, and Mary Cox, daughter of Duncan MacGregor. He was educated at Southland Boys' High School, followed by the University of Otago and then a Rhodes scholarship to Oriel College, Oxford, from 1932 to 1935.

## Career

His career in journalism began in 1935 when he joined the *News Chronicle*. He covered the Spanish Civil War from Madrid, then went to Vienna and Paris for the *Daily Express* in which he broke the news in 1939 that British troops had arrived in France. He then covered the Winter War from Finland. He was critical of the Soviet attack on Finland but foresaw that the Red Army would defeat the Germans.

He enlisted in the New Zealand Army, serving in Crete and North Africa as an Intelligence Officer on Freyberg's staff, then was First Secretary at the new New Zealand Embassy in Washington (when Walter Nash was Minister to the United States) before serving in Italy. In 1945, Cox was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division).

In 1956 he joined ITN, the new commercial TV channel in Britain as News Editor of Independent Television News. In the 1959 New Year Honours, Cox was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and in the 1966 New Year Honours he was knighted as a Knight Bachelor. He started *News at Ten* in 1967. In 1977 Cox joined Yorkshire Television (YTV) as Ward Thomas' Deputy Chairman.

In the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honours, Cox was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to New Zealand and New Zealand interests in the United Kingdom.

## Personal life

He married Cecily Turner in 1935; they had two sons and twin daughters; his wife died in 1993.

## Bibliography

* *Defence of Madrid* (1937, Victor Gollancz, London) ISBN 978-1-877372-38-4 (2006 Otago University Press edition) (reprinted 2006 Archived 31 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine review)
* *The Red Army Moves* (1941, Victor Gollancz, London) (report from Finland on the Winter War)
* *The Road to Trieste* (1947, Heinemann, London)
* *The Race for Trieste* (1977, W. Kimber, London) & (1977, Whitcoulls, Christchurch) ISBN 0-7183-0375-X (revision of *The Road to Trieste*)
* *See It Happen (The Making of ITN)* (1983, Bodley Head, London) ISBN 0-370-30950-2
* *A Tale of Two Battles* (1987, W. Kimber, London) ISBN 0-7183-0642-2 (Greece & Crete, North Africa in World War II; Crete & Sidi Rezegh)
* *Countdown to War* (1988, W. Kimber, London) ISBN 0-7183-0674-0
* *Pioneering Television News: a first hand report on a revolution in journalism* (c1995, John Libbey, London) ISBN 0-86196-484-5
* *Eyewitness: A Memoir of Europe in the 1930s* (1999, University of Otago, Dunedin) ISBN 1-877133-70-1
* *A New Zealand Boyhood* (2004, Amadines Press, Gloucestershire, England) ISBN 0-948640-65-0

1. *Dance of the Peacocks: New Zealanders in exile in the times of Hitler and Mao Tse Tung* (Vintage Books, 2003) James McNeish, ISBN 1-86941-564-7
2. Taylor, Alister; Coddington, Deborah (1994). *Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand*. Auckland: New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. p. 109. ISBN 0-908578-34-2.
3. "A Wellington Marriage". *Otago Daily Times*. No. 12649. 29 April 1903. Retrieved 14 July 2021  via Papers Past.
4. "No. 37274". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 20 September 1945. p. 4671.
5. "No. 41589". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 1 January 1959. p. 10.
6. "No. 43854". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 1 January 1966. p. 1.
7. Jeremy Potter. *Independent Television in Britain VOL 4*. p89
8. "Queen's Birthday honours list 2000 (including special list for East Timor)". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 5 June 2000. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
9. "Sir Geoffrey Cox: War reporter, diplomat and soldier who became a founding father of television journalism". *The Independent*. 3 April 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
10. "Sir Geoffrey Cox". *The Times*. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2024.


title: Microchrysa

abstract: Microchrysa is a genus of soldierfly belonging to the family Stratiomyidae. There has been some confusion with the synonym Chrysomyia of Macquart, 1834, causing some members of the genus Chrysomya of Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 to be placed erroneously in this genus.

text:
# Microchrysa

***Microchrysa*** is a genus of soldierfly belonging to the family Stratiomyidae. There has been some confusion with the synonym *Chrysomyia* of Macquart, 1834, causing some members of the genus *Chrysomya* of Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 to be placed erroneously in this genus.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Microchrysa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Microchrysa polita* female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Stratiomyidae |
| Subfamily: | Sarginae |
| Genus: | *Microchrysa*
Loew, 1855 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Musca polita*
Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Michael Warren Schwartz

abstract: Michael Warren Schwartz is Robert H. Williams Endowed Chair, Professor of Medicine in the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition at the University of Washington and Director of the UW Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence. He is the Director of the NIH-funded Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC) at the University of Washington. His research investigates brain mechanisms governing energy balance and glucose metabolism and how obesity and diabetes result from impairment of these brain systems. He has published more than 200 articles and book chapters related to these topics and his research has been continuously funded by the NIH since joining the faculty of UW 18 years ago. Dr. Schwartz is a member of the Association of American Physicians, the Western Association of Physicians, and the American Society for Clinical Investigation, is the recipient of the 2007 Williams-Rachmiel Levine Award for Outstanding Mentorship from the Western Society for Clinical Investigation, the 2006 Naomi Berrie Award for Outstanding Achievement in Diabetes Research from Columbia University, and was the 2012 Solomon A. Berson Lecturer for the American Physiological Society, among other awards. He is a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, American Journal of Physiology, Endocrine Reviews, Molecular Metabolism and Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology.

text:
# Michael Warren Schwartz

**Michael Warren Schwartz** is Robert H. Williams Endowed Chair, Professor of Medicine in the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition at the University of Washington and Director of the UW Medicine Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence. He is the Director of the NIH-funded Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC) at the University of Washington. His research investigates brain mechanisms governing energy balance and glucose metabolism and how obesity and diabetes result from impairment of these brain systems. He has published more than 200 articles and book chapters related to these topics and his research has been continuously funded by the NIH since joining the faculty of UW 18 years ago. Dr. Schwartz is a member of the Association of American Physicians, the Western Association of Physicians, and the American Society for Clinical Investigation, is the recipient of the 2007 Williams-Rachmiel Levine Award for Outstanding Mentorship from the Western Society for Clinical Investigation, the 2006 Naomi Berrie Award for Outstanding Achievement in Diabetes Research from Columbia University, and was the 2012 Solomon A. Berson Lecturer for the American Physiological Society, among other awards. He is a member of the editorial boards of the *Journal of Clinical Investigation*, *American Journal of Physiology*, *Endocrine Reviews*, *Molecular Metabolism* and *Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology*.

## Selected publications

* Schwartz MW, Peskind E, Raskind M, Nicolson M, Moore J, Morawiecki A, Boyko EJ, Porte D Jr. Cerebrospinal Fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans. *Nature Medicine*. 2:589-93, 1996.
* Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ, Campfield LA, Burn P, Baskin DG. Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus. *J Clin Invest*. 98:1101-1106, 1996.
* Seeley RJ, Yagaloff KA, Fisher SL, Burn P, Thiele TE, van Dijk G, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects. *Nature*. 390:349, 1997.
* Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ, Weigle DS, Woods SC, Campfield LA, Burn P, Baskin DG. Leptin increases proopimelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression in the rostral arcuate nucleus. *Diabetes*. 46:2119-2123, 1997.
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* Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Porte D Jr., and Baskin DG. Central nervous system control of food intake. *Nature*. 404:661-671, 2000.
* Niswender KD, Morton GJ, Stearns WH, Rhodes CJ, Myers MG, Schwartz MW. Key enzyme in leptin-induced anorexia. *Nature*. 413:794-795, 2001.
* Morton GJ, Blevins JE, Williams DL, Niswender KD, Gelling RW, Rhodes CJ, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW. Leptin action in the forebrain regulates the hindbrain response to satiety signals. *J Clin Invest*. 115:703-710, 2005.
* Morton, GJ, Gelling, RN, Niswender KD, Morrison CD, Rhodes CJ, Schwartz MW. Leptin regulates insulin sensitivity via phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signaling in mediobasal hypothalamic neurons. *Cell Metab*. 2:411-420, 2005.
* Schwartz MW, Porte D Jr. Diabetes, obesity, and the brain. *Science*. 307:375-379, 2005.
* Morton GJ, Cummings DE, Baskin DG, Barsh GS, Schwartz MW. Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight. *Nature*. 443:289-295, 2006.
* Sarruf DA, Thaler JP, Morton GJ, German J, Fischer JD, Ogimoto K, and Schwartz MW. FGF21 Action in the Brain Increases Energy Expenditure and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Rats. *Diabetes*. 59:1817-1824, 2010. PMC 2889784.
* Kaiyala KJ, Morton GJ, Leroux BG, Ogimoto K, Wisse BE and Schwartz MW. Identification of body fat mass as a major determinant of metabolic rate in mice. *Diabetes*. 59:1657-1666, 2010. PMC 2889765.
* Ellacott KLJ, Morton GJ, Woods SC, Tso P, and Schwartz MW. Assessment of feeding behavior in laboratory mice. *Cell Metabolism*. 12:10-17, 2010. PMC 2916675.
* Thaler JP, Yi C-X, Schur EA, Guyenet SJ, Hwang BH, Dietrich MO, Zhao X, Sarruf SA, Izgur V, Maravilla KR, Nguyen HT, Fischer JD, Matsen ME, Wisse BE, Morton GJ, Horvath TL, Baskin DG, Tschöp MH, Schwartz MW. Evidence That Obesity is Associated with Hypothalamic Injury in Rodent Models and Humans. *J Clin Invest*. 122:153-162, 2012. PMC 3248304.