title: Saad Hayel Srour

abstract: Saad Hayel Srour is a Jordanian politician. After entering the House of Representatives during the 11th Parliament he held stints as Minister of Water and Irrigation and later Housing and Works during the early 1990s. He served terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives during the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 17th Parliaments. Between November 2010 and July 2011 he was Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister.

text:
# Saad Hayel Srour

**Saad Hayel Srour** (born 1947) is a Jordanian politician. After entering the House of Representatives during the 11th Parliament he held stints as Minister of Water and Irrigation and later Housing and Works during the early 1990s. He served terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives during the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 17th Parliaments. Between November 2010 and July 2011 he was Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister.

## Life

Srour was born in 1947 in Umm el-Jimal. He is from a Bedouin family. He obtained a bachelor in civil engineering from the University of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. Srour first entered the House of Representatives during the 11th Parliament. On 1 January 1991 he was named Minister of Water and Irrigation in a cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister Mudar Badran. By November 1992 this had changed to Minister of Housing and Works. Srour later served in the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 17 Parliaments. He was first elected the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Jordan in 1995. Srour subsequently was Speaker of the House for several sessions during the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Parliaments. On 16 July 2003 he won the election for Speaker against Abdul Hadi al-Majali with 65 against 40 votes. Srour was not successful in gaining a seat during the 2010 Jordanian general election for the 16th Parliament.

On 24 November 2010 Srour joined the government of Samir Rifai as Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister, replacing Nayef Qadi in a cabinet reshuffle. He continued as Interior Minister in the government of Marouf al-Bakhit which was installed on 9 February 2011. He was made Deputy Prime Minister in al-Bakhit's cabinet. He lost both positions in a cabinet reshuffle on 2 July 2011, after he received criticism from protesters for excessive police-violence against demonstrators in the 2011 Jordanian protests and for letting a for corruption jailed businessman leave the country for medical treatment. He was replaced by Mazen Saket.

After being elected for Northern Badia in the 2013 Jordanian general election, Srour was also elected Speaker of the House of Representatives on 10 February 2013 for a term concluding in November 2013, when a new ordinary session of legislation was scheduled to start. A total of eight Representatives put themselves up for election as speaker, with four of them withdrawing before the voting started. Of the total number of 150 Representatives only 146 were able to vote, as two were absent, one had resigned and one had died. In the first round of voting Srour gained 50 votes, Mohammad Al Haj of the Islamic Centre Party gained 54, Mustafa Shneikat gained 36, and Mahmoud Kharabsheh gained 5 votes. In the second round in which Srour competed against Al Haj, Srour gained 80 votes and Al Haj 62, Srour was therefore declared winner.

Srour ran as well for the November 2013 elections for Speaker, at the opening of the regular session of parliament. On 30 October 2013 the list of candidates was down to five candidates, with deputies seeing Srour and Atef Tarawneh as the strongest candidates. However, after the first round of voting on 3 November 2013 the candidates that passed to the second round were Tarawneh and Abdul Karim al-Doghmi. al-Doghmi withdrew his candidacy before the second round of voting, making Tarawneh the new Speaker of the House. Srour lost his seat in the House of Representatives in the 2016 Jordanian general election.

On 4 February 2019 Srour was named adviser for tribal affairs to King Abdullah II of Jordan.

## Political positions

Srour is seen as a conservative and a supporter of the monarchy of Jordan.

## InfoBox

| Saad Hayel Srour | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Speaker of the House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1995–1998 | |
| Monarch | Hussein of Jordan |
| Preceded by | Taher al-Masri |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Hadi al-Majali |
| **In office**
16 July 2003  2007 | |
| Monarch | Abdullah II of Jordan |
| Preceded by | Abdul Hadi al-Majali |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Hadi al-Majali |
| **In office**
10 February 2013  3 November 2013 | |
| Monarch | Abdullah II of Jordan |
| Preceded by | Abdul Karim al-Doghmi |
| Succeeded by | Atef Tarawneh |
| Interior Minister | |
| **In office**
24 November 2010  2 July 2011 | |
| Monarch | Abdullah II of Jordan |
| Prime Minister | Samir Rifai
Marouf al-Bakhit |
| Preceded by | Nayef Qadi |
| Succeeded by | Mazen Saket |
| Deputy Prime Minister | |
| **In office**
24 November 2010  2 July 2011 | |
| Monarch | Abdullah II of Jordan |
| Prime Minister | Samir Rifai
Marouf al-Bakhit |
| Member of the House of Representatives for Northern Badia | |
| **In office**
23 January 2013  2016 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1947 (age 7677)
Umm el-Jimal, Jordan |
|  | |


title: Oxidative decarboxylation

abstract: Oxidative decarboxylation is a decarboxylation reaction caused by oxidation. Most are accompanied by α- Ketoglutarate α- Decarboxylation caused by dehydrogenation of hydroxyl carboxylic acids such as carbonyl carboxylic malic acid, isocitric acid, etc.

text:
# Oxidative decarboxylation

**Oxidative decarboxylation** is a decarboxylation reaction caused by oxidation. Most are accompanied by α- Ketoglutarate α- Decarboxylation caused by dehydrogenation of hydroxyl carboxylic acids such as carbonyl carboxylic malic acid, isocitric acid, etc.

## Differences between oxidative decarboxylation and simple decarboxylation

Pyruvate catalytic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase system is a special decarboxylation method, namely oxidative decarboxylation, which is different from the common decarboxylation reaction, namely common decarboxylation.

The oxidative decarboxylation reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase system, which includes three different enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), six cofactors: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), lipoamide, coenzyme A (CoA), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), magnesium ion, and one co-substrate: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).

During the reaction, E1 participates in the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid, and then TPP connects the acetyl group after the reaction. The carbonyl group of the acetyl group reacts with the carbonyl group of the carbon negative ion on the thiazole ring of TPP to form hydroxyethyl. Then, with the catalysis of E2, TPP sends the hydroxyethyl to lipoamide, which is reoxidized to acetyl to produce thioester bond. At this time, the compound is acetyl dihydrolipoamide, which is then catalyzed by E2, and acetyl is transferred, to form acetyl CoA, all the above reactions only involve decarboxylation reaction, and do not involve the movement of H, while the real dehydrogenation effect of pyruvate dehydrogenase system will be reflected in the next step of reaction. Acetyl dihydrolipoamide without acetyl group is lost, that is, dihydrolipoamide needs to be re oxidized to lipoamide to participate in the reaction again. At this time, E3 needs to participate in the catalytic reaction, and the hydrogen removed from dihydrolipoamide will be transferred to FAD to make it FADH2, FADH2 reacts with NAD+ to generate NADH and H+.

To sum up, in the oxidative decarboxylation reaction, there is both an oxidation reaction and a decarboxylation.

For simple decarboxylation reaction, the enzyme involved in this reaction is pyruvate decarboxylase, which is different from oxidative decarboxylation. During the reaction, pyruvate is directly connected with the thiazole ring of TPP, and the carboxyl group on pyruvate is removed after the connection to generate carbon dioxide. Then hydroxyethyl was separated from TPP to produce acetaldehyde.

## Bridging glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Pyruvate, the product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, is a metabolic branch point. As a preliminary to following the central path of aerobic metabolism from glycolysis to the citric acid cycle, we put pyruvate in perspective by considering its various possible fates. We also consider the broader context of common carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions in biochemistry.

The most important fate of pyruvate at least for our present purposes is its oxidative decarboxylation to acetyl CoA, this reaction is catalyzed by a very large assembly of enzyme subunits called the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH complex, or often simply "PDH"). This large supramolecular assembly contains multiple copies of three different types of subunits. These subunits catalyze different steps of the overall reaction. Central to the operation of the PDH complex is a key catalytic cofactor, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). We will examine closely the chemistry of this extraordinary and important cofactor.

## Carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions

Let us define a carboxylation reaction as the addition of a CO2 unit to a substrate molecule, and decarboxylation as loss of CO2. Decarboxylation reaction reactions are typically quite thermodynamically favorable due to the entropic contribution of cleaving a single molecule into two, one of which is a gas. Conversely, we can expect carboxylation reactions to be energy-requiring, and we should not be surprised to learn ATP hydrolysis is coupled to carboxylation. The most prominent carboxylation reactions in biochemistry are catalyzed by biotin-dependent carboxylases and RuBisCO.

## The biochemistry of thiamine

Decarboxylation in metabolism can be either non-oxidative or oxidative. In contrast to the relatively facile decarboxylation of β-keto acids, the decarboxylation of α-keto acids presents a mechanistic challenge. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) provides the biochemical and enzymological answer.

TPP is the key catalytic cofactor used by enzymes catalyzing non-oxidative and oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Pyruvate, for example, undergoes both types of decarboxylation, both involving TPP. In fermentative organisms, pyruvate is non-oxidatively decarboxylated by the TPP-dependent enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase. As part of the PDH complex, TPP assists in oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. TPP is a true catalytic cofactor. In a mechanistic feature common to all its reactions, TPP is a carrier of activated aldehyde moieties. A hydrogen attached to the C2 carbon of the thiazole ring of TPP shows an unusually low pKa. Thiamine deficiency underlies the disorder beriberi.

## The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH)

Oxidative metabolism entails the further catabolism of pyruvate. The pyruvate dehydrogenase, or PDH complex carries out the oxidative decarboxylation process that generates acetyl CoA from pyruvate. The PDH complex serves as the link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and is required for oxidative metabolism. The activity of PDH involves three distinct enzymes, four activities, and five different cofactors.

Steps of the PDH complex:

(1) decarboxylation (E1, formation of hydroxyethyl-TPP)

(2) oxidation (transfer of acetyl group to lipoamide)

(3) transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-lipoamide to CoA)

(4) oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide (E3, FAD, NAD+)

Acetyl CoA, which is fed into the citric acid cycle This conversion, an oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate yielding a thioester product, is carried out by a complex and fascinating multienzyme complex known as the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (also sometimes abbreviated as PDC).

Multiple copies of three different enzymes compose a supramolecular structure that coordinates a four-step process converting the α-keto acid pyruvate to the thioester (with coenzyme A) of acetate, as well as electron transfer (redox) reactions that yield NADH. Five cofactors participate in the reactions of the complex. E1 is pyruvate dehydrogenase, which uses thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor to decarboxylate pyruvate and transfer the remaining hydroxyethyl fragment to the lipoamide cofactor attached to E2. This results in the formation of acetyl lipoamide, equivalent to reduction of lipoamide (and oxidation of the hydroxyethyl fragment), as becomes clear upon subsequent transfer of the acetyl residue to coenzyme A, catalyzed by E2, an acetyltransferase and E3, which regenerates lipoamide from dihydrolipoamide, is dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase.

Starting at the left-hand side, the thiazolium form of the TPP cofactor, which is a carbanion resulting from loss of H+ from the unusually acidic C2 of the thiazole ring, attacks the carbonyl carbon of pyruvate, forming the addition compound shown at the top of the figure. This addition compound can readily undergo decarboxylation (loss of carbon dioxide), with the product hydroxyethyl TPP stabilized by resonance. The next step is the transfer of the hydroxyethyl moiety from TPP to the oxidized form of the lipoamide cofactor. The hydroxyethyl group is electron-rich, and in its reaction with lipoamide it is in effect oxidized to the carboxyl level of oxidation, while lipoamide is reduced. This reaction can be dissected into two steps, where in the first step the electron-rich carbon atom of the hydroxyethyl group attached to TPP attacks - as a strong nucleophile - one of the relatively electron-deficient sulfur atoms of the intramolecular disulfide of oxidized lipoamide. This results in the intermediate shown at lower left in the figure, which has the form of a hemi thioketal. In the next step, as TPP departs as a leaving group, taking electrons from the bond to the hydroxyethyl group with it, the hydroxyethyl recruits the electrons from the O-H bond, assisted by a conveniently located enzyme-derived base to accept the resulting hydrogen ion. The result of these two steps is the production of the thioester acetyl lipoamide and regeneration of the TPP cofactor. All these reactions are catalyzed by the E1, or pyruvate dehydrogenase, component of the PDH complex.

The rest of the chemistry of the PDH complex is shown at the bottom of the figure. The acetyl group is transferred from reduced lipoamide to coenzyme A (CoA) by the activity of the E2, or dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, component of the complex. This is an isoenergetic conversion of one thioester to another. The free dihydrolipoamide (reduced form of lipoamide) must be re-oxidized, and this is accomplished by the activity of E3, or dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, component of PDH complex. Note that the cofactor of E3 is a tightly bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) molecule. The electrons from dihydrolipoamide are transferred, via FAD, to NAD+, forming NADH. This is noteworthy since in the usual order of reduction potentials, the reduction of FAD by NADH would be the energetically favorable process. Apparently, specific protein environments can perturb reduction potentials of redox groups, just as they are able to perturb pKa's of ionizable groups.

A very similar series of reactions is carried out as part of the citric acid cycle by the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex, which is also closely related to the PDH complex in composition and structure, using the same E3 component, and an E1 that acts on α-ketoglutarate as a substrate in place of pyruvate. In this case, E2 is a succinyl transferase, and succinyl CoA is the product thioester.


title: Glenda Price

abstract: Glenda Price is an American educator and former president of Marygrove College; she was the first African-American woman to serve in this position. Price also served as the president of the Detroit Public Schools Foundation and the American Society for Medical Technology.

text:
# Glenda Price

**Glenda Price** is an American educator and former president of Marygrove College; she was the first African-American woman to serve in this position. Price also served as the president of the Detroit Public Schools Foundation and the American Society for Medical Technology.

## Early life and education

Price grew up in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She earned her bachelor's degree in medical technology from Temple University in 1961. She later earned her Master of Science in educational media in 1969 and her PhD in educational psychology in 1979, both also from Temple.

## Career

Price's early career was as a cytotechnologist, looking for evidence of disease at the cellular level. She served as both a professor and assistant dean at Temple University before accepting a position as dean at the School of Allied Health Professions at the University of Connecticut. From 1979 to 1980, Price served as the national president of the American Society for Medical Technology (later renamed to the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science), which was considered the largest professional organization for laboratory practitioners at the time. Price has been the only African American to serve as president of the organization.

Price served as the provost of Spelman College in Atlanta; through her friendship with then president Johnnetta Cole, she was offered the job and turned it down before eventually being convinced by Cole to accept the position and move to Atlanta.

Price started as president of Marygrove College in 1998. Price was the college's seventh president and the first African-American female to serve in this position. As president, her accomplishments include restarting the college's sports program and attracting a more diverse student body to the school. Price retired from Marygrove in 2006. Marygrove board member Julia Darlow cited Price for believing in "science education as a means of preparing our graduates for a technological world as well as preparing qualified science teachers who can inspire urban students."

In 2012, Price started as president of the Detroit Public Schools Foundation, a non-profit focused on providing resources on behalf of Detroit Public Schools. In April of 2016, Price stepped down as president and became "fully retired".

## Awards and honors

In 2002, Price was named as one of Crain's Detroit Business most influential women.

In 2015, Price received the Theresa Maxis Award from the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary for her personification of Theresa Maxis’ work.

In 2020, Price was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.

The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science created the Glenda Price Diversity in Leadership Award to "promote diversity and inclusion within the Leadership Academy, and ultimately the Society" in her honor.

## InfoBox

| Glenda D. Price | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 7th President of Marygrove College | |
| **In office**
1998–2006 | |
| Preceded by | Dr. John E. Shay Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Dr. David J. Fike |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1939
Harrisburg, PA |
| Nationality | American |
| Education |  |
| Profession | Academic officer, public administration, professor, dean, cytotechnologist |
|  | |


title: Fukuoka Women's University

abstract: Fukuoka Women's University is a public university in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1923, it was chartered as a university in 1950. Alongside Gunma Prefectural Women's University, it is one of the two public women's universities in Japan. Its abbreviated form is Fukujodai.

text:
# Fukuoka Women's University

**Fukuoka Women's University** (福岡女子大学, *Fukuoka Joshi Daigaku*) is a public university in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1923, it was chartered as a university in 1950. Alongside Gunma Prefectural Women's University, it is one of the two public women's universities in Japan. Its abbreviated form is **Fukujodai**.

## History

The school was founded in 1923 as Fukuoka Prefectural Women's Vocational School. It was chartered as a university in 1950, following the Japanese school reform after World War II.

33°39′57″N 130°26′21″E / 33.66583°N 130.43917°E / 33.66583; 130.43917

## InfoBox

Fukuoka Women's University
| 福岡女子大学 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1923 (chartered 1950) |
| Location | Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan |
| Website | Official website |


title: WePlay AniMajor

abstract: The WePlay AniMajor Dota 2 tournament was organized by Valve, held and operated by the WePlay Esports media holding company. This was the first anime-themed Dota 2 event.

text:
# WePlay AniMajor

The **WePlay AniMajor** *Dota 2* tournament was organized by Valve, held and operated by the WePlay Esports media holding company. This was the first anime-themed Dota 2 event.

## History

On May 16, WePlay Esports announced that it would be hosting the second Dota 2 Major of the 2021 DPC season in the capital of UkraineKyiv. Titled "WePlay AniMajor," the coveted tournament featured 18 of the best Dota 2 teams from around the world competing from June 2 to 13, 2021, for a total prize pool of $500,000 and the associated 2,700 Dota Pro Circuit (DPC) points.

## Tournament format

The WePlay AniMajor started with the Wild Card Stage which ran from June 2 to 3. Six teams fought in a single round-robin series at best-of-two. Only the top two teams moved to the next stage while the rest got eliminated.

Next was the Group stage which took place on June 4–7. Here, eight teams participated in a single round-robin at Bo2 as well. The top two teams advanced to the Upper Bracket of the Playoffs, while the next four teams went to the Lower Bracket. The bottom two teams got eliminated.

The Playoffs started on June 9 and were played in double-elimination best-of-three series. The Grand Final, were a best-of-five.

## Participants

### Playoffs

| *Region* | *Team* |
| --- | --- |
| Europe | Alliance |
| China | Team Aster |
| Southeast Asia | T1 |
| CIS | Virtus.pro |
| North America | Quincy Crew |
| South America | NoPing e-sports |

### Group stage

| *Region* | *Team* |
| --- | --- |
| Europe | Team Liquid |
| China | PSG.LGD |
| Southeast Asia | TNC Predator |
| CIS | Team Spirit |
| North America | Evil Geniuses |
| South America | Beastcoast |

### Wild Card

| *Region* | *Team* |
| --- | --- |
| Europe | Nigma |
| Europe | Team Secret |
| China | Vici Gaming |
| China | Invictus Gaming |
| Southeast Asia | Execration |
| CIS | AS Monaco Gambit |

## Winners

| Place | Prize/ USD | DPC Points | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 200 000 | 500 | PSG.LGD |
| 2 | 100 000 | 450 | Evil Geniuses |
| 3 | 75 000 | 400 | T1 |
| 4 | 50 000 | 350 | Vici Gaming |
| 5–6 | 25,000 | 300 | Quincy Crew, Team Nigma |
| 7–8 | 12,500 | 200 | Team Spirit, TNC Predator |
| 9–12 |  |  | Virtus.pro, Alliance, Team Aster, NoPing Esports |
| 13–14 |  |  | Team Liquid, beastcoast |
| 15–18 |  |  | Invictus Gaming, Team Secret, Execration, AS Monaco Gambit |

“Unfortunately, the epidemiological situation in Kyiv does not allow us to receive guests: the tournament will be closed to spectators, as the players and employees’ safety is our highest priority,” said WePlay Esports.

WePlay AniMajor was the final opportunity for many teams in the circuit to earn the all-important DPC points to go towards securing a direct invite to The International 10 (TI10) with a US$40 million prize pool. Upon participation in WePlay AniMajor, Team Spirit obtained enough DPC points to qualify for TI10, which they won, earning $18.2 million.

## InfoBox

WePlay AniMajor
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament information | |
| Sport | *Dota 2* |
| Month played | June |
| Established | 2021 |
| Administrator | Valve |
| Tournament<br>format(s) |  |
| Venue(s) | WePlay Esports Arena Kyiv |
| Participants | 18 teams |
| Website | weplayholding.com |
| Current champion | |
| PSG.LGD | |


title: Plazia

abstract:
Plazia is a genus of South American plants in the family Asteraceae.
  - Species
  - Plazia cheiranthifolia Wedd. - Coquimbo in Colombia
  - Plazia conferta Ruiz & Pav. - Junín in Peru
  - Plazia daphnoides Wedd. - Bolivia, Peru (Ayacucho), Chile (Tarapacá), Argentina
  - Plazia robinsonii M.O. Dillon & Sagást - Peru (Huamachuco)
  - formerly included transferred to other genera - Aphyllocladus Gypothamnium Hyalis
  - Plazia acaciifolia J. Koster - Hyalis lancifolia Baker
  - Plazia pinnifolia (Phil.) O.Hoffm. - Gypothamnium pinifolium Phil.
  - Plazia spartioides (Wedd.) Kuntze - Aphyllocladus spartioides Wedd.

text:
# Plazia

***Plazia*** is a genus of South American plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species formerly included

transferred to other genera - *Aphyllocladus Gypothamnium Hyalis*

## InfoBox

| *Plazia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Mutisioideae |
| Tribe: | Onoserideae |
| Genus: | *Plazia*<br>Ruiz & Pavón |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aglaodendron* Remy * *Harthamnus* H.Rob. | |


title: Helix buchii

abstract: Helix buchii is a species of large, air-breathing land snail native to northeastern Turkey, Georgia, and northern Armenia.

text:
# Helix buchii

***Helix buchii*** is a species of large, air-breathing land snail native to northeastern Turkey, Georgia, and northern Armenia.

* Mumladze, L., Tarkhnishvili, D. & Pokryszko, B.M. (2008). A new species of the genus Helix from the Lesser Caucasus (SW Georgia). Journal of Conchology, 39 (5): 483-485. London
* Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft). 312 pp., 142 plates

## InfoBox

| *Helix buchii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Helicidae |
| Subfamily: | Helicinae |
| Tribe: | Helicini |
| Genus: | *Helix* |
| Species: | ***H. buchii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Helix buchii***<br>Dubois de Montpéreux, 1839 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Helix (Helicogena) duschekensis* Kobelt, 1906 (junior synonym) * *Helix (Helix) buchii* Dubois de Montpéreux, 1840 · alternate representation * *Helix buchii var. adsharica* Kobelt, 1906 (junior synonym) * *Helix buchii var. karabaghensis* Kobelt, 1904 (junior synonym) * *Helix goderdziana* Mumladze, Tarkhnishvili & Pokryszko, 2008 junior subjective synonym * *Helix pomatia var. decussata* Mortillet, 1854 (junior synonym) * *Pomatia sieversi* Kobelt, 1903 (junior synonym) | |


abstract: Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest (MHDSF) is a state forest located on Bear Creek Road, 28 km (17 mi) northeast of Springville in Tulare County, California. The protected land covers an area of 4,807 acres (19 km⁲) with an elevation range between 1,463 m (4,800 ft) and 2,377.5 m (7,800 ft). The forest is best known for its namesake giant sequoia grove, Mountain Home Grove, which is home to some of the largest giant sequoias in the world. The forests of Mountain Home were used by local Native Americans in the summer to camp, hunt, and gather food. An interpretive exhibit at Sunset Point leads visitors through an archaeological site with evidence of occupation dating back 8,000 years. European settlers first arrived in the Mountain Home area in the early 1860s. The local forestry industry boomed following the construction of the first sawmills. Sheep and other livestock were also brought to graze upon the many grassy meadows of the forest. The forest was also a popular retreat for the people of Central Valley. Many small summer cabins were built and the forest saw about 600-700 annual visitors. In 1886, Andrew and Sarah Doty founded the small resort community of Mountain Home, drawing more visitors to the forest. By the 1890s, the local forestry industry began to wane. In 1907, the Central California Redwood Company sold the largest tract of land to the Hume-Bennett Lumber Company. Shortly thereafter the Hume-Bennett Lumber Company declared bankruptcy and the land was once again up for sale. There were no takers and so the land lay commercially dormant and open to visitors without restriction. In 1930, Donald Sutch bought the rights to log the forest deadfall of the land once owned by Hume-Bennett. Sutch worked the land until 1941, when efforts to sell the property began anew. The Michigan Trust Company owned the property at the time. Jack Brattin, the company’s executive who handled the property, had determined the land was no longer commercially viable to log, so he offered all 4,800 acres for sale to the U.S. Forest Service - only to be turned down. Undeterred, Brattin decided to create a compelling reason for a public agency to buy it.  He authorized Dude Sutch and two commercial lumber companies to start felling live sequoia trees. This caused public outcry and forced the U.S. Forest Service and the State of California to negotiate the purchase of the land. The Native Sons and Daughters of the Golden West was especially outspoken about the need to preserve the giant sequoias of Mountain Home. In 1946, the State of California purchased the land and established the Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest, the first California State Forest. It was also the first demonstration forest meant for scientific research and experimentation in sustainable forestry and the restoration of the local ecology.

text:
# Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest

**Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest (MHDSF)** is a state forest located on Bear Creek Road (Tulare County Route 220), 28 km (17 mi) northeast of Springville in Tulare County, California. The protected land covers an area of 4,807 acres (19 km2) with an elevation range between 1,463 m (4,800 ft) and 2,377.5 m (7,800 ft). The forest is best known for its namesake giant sequoia grove, Mountain Home Grove, which is home to some of the largest giant sequoias in the world.

The forests of Mountain Home were used by local Native Americans in the summer to camp, hunt, and gather food. An interpretive exhibit at Sunset Point leads visitors through an archaeological site with evidence of occupation dating back 8,000 years.

European settlers first arrived in the Mountain Home area in the early 1860s. The local forestry industry boomed following the construction of the first sawmills. Sheep and other livestock were also brought to graze upon the many grassy meadows of the forest.

The forest was also a popular retreat for the people of Central Valley. Many small summer cabins were built and the forest saw about 600-700 annual visitors. In 1886, Andrew and Sarah Doty founded the small resort community of Mountain Home, drawing more visitors to the forest.

By the 1890s, the local forestry industry began to wane. In 1907, the Central California Redwood Company sold the largest tract of land to the Hume-Bennett Lumber Company. Shortly thereafter the Hume-Bennett Lumber Company declared bankruptcy and the land was once again up for sale. There were no takers and so the land lay commercially dormant and open to visitors without restriction.

In 1930, Donald Sutch bought the rights to log the forest deadfall of the land once owned by Hume-Bennett. Sutch worked the land until 1941, when efforts to sell the property began anew.

The Michigan Trust Company owned the property at the time. Jack Brattin, the company’s executive who handled the property, had determined the land was no longer commercially viable to log, so he offered all 4,800 acres for sale to the U.S. Forest Service - only to be turned down. Undeterred, Brattin decided to create a compelling reason for a public agency to buy it. He authorized Dude Sutch and two commercial lumber companies to start felling live sequoia trees. This caused public outcry and forced the U.S. Forest Service and the State of California to negotiate the purchase of the land. The Native Sons and Daughters of the Golden West was especially outspoken about the need to preserve the giant sequoias of Mountain Home.

In 1946, the State of California purchased the land and established the Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest, the first California State Forest. It was also the first demonstration forest meant for scientific research and experimentation in sustainable forestry and the restoration of the local ecology.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Tulare County, California |
| Nearest city | Springville, California |
| Coordinates | 36°13′51″N 118°42′46″W / 36.230954°N 118.712892°W / 36.230954; -118.712892 |
| Area | 4,807 acres (19 km2) |
| Established | 1946 |
| Governing body | CalFire |


title: SJK(C) Chung Hua Batu 4 1/2

abstract: Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Chung Hua Batu 4 1/2 is a primary school situated on Jalan Kong Ping in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The school opened in 1932. Built on a 2-acre (8,100 m⁲) site, the school has 27 classrooms, a staffroom, administrative offices, a canteen, library, science labs, computer lab, and a basketball court which doubles as an assembly area.

text:
# SJK(C) Chung Hua Batu 4 1/2

**Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Chung Hua Batu 4 1/2** (Chinese: 四哩半中华公学) is a primary school situated on Jalan Kong Ping in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The school opened in 1932.

Built on a 2-acre (8,100 m2) site, the school has 27 classrooms, a staffroom, administrative offices, a canteen, library, science labs, computer lab, and a basketball court which doubles as an assembly area.

## History

The school was opened on 1 July 1932. Not much is known during its early years as documentation on the school is scarce. However, a fire broke out some time in 1995 prompting a rebuilding of the school. The rebuilt school was opened in 1996.

The school had celebrated its 90th anniversary in the year 2022 by introducing a newly built auditorium which also includes a sports hall integrated in the middle of the school grounds right next to the science labs as well as renovating the entire school to look more sleek and modern.

## Classes

The school currently has 27 classes total. From year 1 to 3 there are only 4 classes for each grade, whereas from year 4 to 6 there are 5 classes for each grade. Each class is colour coded with different colours however the names of the classes are based on individual human traits. Prior to this however, the classes were actually named after colours.

Classes of SJK (C) Chung Hua 4 1/2
| Color | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Leader | Leader | Leader | Leader | Leader | Leader |
|  | Entrepreneur | Entrepreneur | Entrepreneur | Entrepreneur | Entrepreneur | Entrepreneur |
|  | Thinker | Thinker | Thinker | Thinker | Thinker | Thinker |
|  | Innovator | Innovator | Innovator | Innovator | Innovator | Innovator |
|  |  |  |  | Collaborator | Collaborator | Collaborator |

Classes of SJK (C) Chung Hua 4 1/2 (prior)
| Color | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Red | Red | Red | Red | Red | Red |
|  | Blue | Blue | Blue | Blue | Blue | Blue |
|  | White | White | White | White | White | White |
|  | Green | Green | Green | Green | Green | Green |
|  |  |  |  |  | Yellow | Yellow |

## School magazine

The school magazine does not have an official name however it is published yearly and still continues to do so. It features academic and cocurricular achievements, essays written by students, class photos, school staff photos, and pictures of various school activities.

## InfoBox

| SJK (C) Chung Hua Batu 4 1/2
四哩半中华公学 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Batu 4 1/2, Jalan Penrissen
Kuching, Sarawak 93250
Malaysia | |
| Coordinates | 1°30′07″N 110°19′57″E / 1.5019°N 110.3324°E / 1.5019; 110.3324 |
| Information | |
| Other name | S.R.B. Chung Hua Batu 4 1/2 |
| School type | Public, primary school |
| Founded | 1932 |
| School district | Kuching |
| Session | Single |
| School number | 082-572632 |
| School code | YCC1322 |
| Years taught | Primary 1 - Primary 6 |
| Age range | 7 to 12 |
| Average class size | 35 |
| Language | Chinese |
| Hours in school day | 6 |
| Classrooms | 27 |
| Colour(s) | Yellow
Black
Red |
| Website | www.facebook.com/sjkchunghuabatu4.5 |


title: P44 (classification)

abstract: P44 is a Modern pentathlon classification. Sportspeople in this class include people with amputations.

text:
# P44 (classification)

**P44** is a Modern pentathlon classification. Sportspeople in this class include people with amputations.

## Definition

## Disability types

This class includes people with several disability types include amputations.

### Amputee

ISOD A4 sportspeople are eligible for this class. Shank length for people in this class is not uniform, with competitors having different lengths of leg found below their knee. People in this class use a prosthetic limb when competing in athletics. It has three parts: a socket, a shank and a foot. People in this class can use standard starting blocks because their amputation generally allows for the use of a standard starting position. Use of a specially made carbon fibre running prosthetic leg assists runners in this class in lowering their heart rate compared to using a prosthetic not designed for running. Runners in this class can have lower metabolic costs compared to elite runners over middle and long distances.

Inside the class, shank length does not impact the distance that male long jumpers can jump.

## Getting classified

Classification generally has four phase. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site for amputees in this class because the nature of the amputation could cause not physically visible alterations to the body.


title: Give It to Me (Mobb Deep song)

abstract: Give It to Me is the third single from Mobb Deep's debut album with G-Unit Records, Blood Money. The song features Young Buck and is produced by Profile. It samples Kuch Kuch Hota Hai.

text:
# Give It to Me (Mobb Deep song)

**Give It to Me** is the third single from Mobb Deep's debut album with G-Unit Records, *Blood Money*. The song features Young Buck and is produced by Profile. It samples *Kuch Kuch Hota Hai*.

## Music video

In the music video directed by Jessy Terrero it features various cameo appearances by G-Unit members including Spider Loc, 50 Cent, Lloyd Banks, Hot Rod and Tony Yayo.

1. "Mobb Deep feat. Young Buck's 'Give It to Me' - Discover the Sample Source".

## InfoBox

| "Give It to Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Mobb Deep featuring Young Buck | |
| from the album  *Blood Money* | |
| Released | May 2, 2006 (2006-05-02) |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 3:08 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Profile |
| Mobb Deep singles chronology | |
| "Put Em in Their Place"
(2006) "**Give It to Me**"
(2006) "Creep"
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Young Buck singles chronology | |
| "Look at Me Now"
(2004) "**Give It to Me**"
(2006) "I Know You Want Me"
(2006) | |
|  | |


title: Fyxation

abstract: Fyxation is a bicycle company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, founded by Nick and Ben Ginster in 2009. The initial products were pedals, handlebars, saddles, and tires. This has been expanded to include frames, complete bicycles, and leather beer and wine caddies. Bicycle models include fixed-gear, cyclo-cross, and fatbikes. Fyxation entered a distribution agreement with QBP in 2011. Fyxation opened a retail location in the Silver City section of Milwaukee, adjacent to the Hank Aaron Trail, in 2013, and they moved to the Riverwest neighborhood in the spring of 2015.

text:
# Fyxation

**Fyxation** is a bicycle company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, founded by Nick and Ben Ginster in 2009. The initial products were pedals, handlebars, saddles, and tires. This has been expanded to include frames, complete bicycles, and leather beer and wine caddies. Bicycle models include fixed-gear, cyclo-cross, and fatbikes.

Fyxation entered a distribution agreement with QBP in 2011. Fyxation opened a retail location in the Silver City section of Milwaukee, adjacent to the Hank Aaron Trail, in 2013, and they moved to the Riverwest neighborhood in the spring of 2015.

## InfoBox

Fyxation
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Bicycles |
| Founded | 2009 (2009) |
| Headquarters | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA |
| Key people | Nick and Ben Ginster |
| Products | Bicycle and Related Components |
| Website | www.fyxation.com |


title: Ketama

abstract: Ketama is a Spanish musical group in the new flamenco tradition. Fusing flamenco with other musical forms, they created a style that lies somewhere between flamenco and pop salsa. Their music drew as much criticism as praise because purists did not like the change from traditional flamenco, but the group won over the young public. They continued to fuse other music in, and their 2002 album, Dame la Mano, added hip hop and house music.

text:
# Ketama

**Ketama** is a Spanish musical group in the new flamenco tradition. Fusing flamenco with other musical forms (salsa, Brazilian music, reggae, funk, jazz), they created a style that lies somewhere between flamenco and pop salsa. Their music drew as much criticism as praise because purists did not like the change from traditional flamenco, but the group won over the young public. They continued to fuse other music in, and their 2002 album, *Dame la Mano*, added hip hop and house music.

## History

### Band formation

Ketama formed in Madrid in the early eighties, taking its name from a well-known valley in Morocco. The initial line-up featured José Soto Sorderita (guitar), Juan Carmona (guitar) and Ray Heredia (vocals). Each of the three came from flamenco dynasties: the Heredias of Madrid, the Habichuelas of Granada and the Carmonas of Jerez.

Heredia left the band shortly afterwards, and was eventually replaced by Antonio Carmona (lead singer) and José Miguel Carmona (guitar). The trio briefly became a quartet, but this was only for a short time, as José Soto Sorderita would leave Ketama a few records later.

The group played salsero pop. However they added to their sound, and without ever leaving flamenco behind they incorporated a number of different musical genres into their music, mainly those arising from black roots, such as blues, jazz or the African kora, as well as funk, reggae and Brazilian music.

Their first work, *Ketama*, was released in 1985, although it was recorded two years earlier.

In 1987, *La Pipa de Kif* was released. The solo singing was still José Soto's responsibility, but in this record Antonio Carmona started to play a bigger role. It is one of the works by Ketama that drew most acknowledgement and served to launch them at an international level. The record was mentioned in newspapers like The Times and the International Herald Tribune, and in 1989 it came away with prizes for the best world music albums from prestigious international music magazines like *New Musical Express* and *Folk Roots*.

### 1990s

"El arte de lo invisible" (1993) leaves fusion temporarily aside and recovers a more traditional sound. Thus, Ketama came to make the live record to which it owes the fame that it attained in Spain.

*La Pipa de Kif* had a sequel in 1994, "Songhai 2".

They earned international recognition with their third record, *Songhai*, a fusion of flamenco with Danny Thompson and Toumani Diabaté's African kora, which was praised in reviews in The Times and The International Herald Tribune. Nonetheless, their ultimate success was "De akí a Ketama", which was recorded live with the participation, among others, of Antonio Flores and Antonio Vega. It sold over a million copies, it spent a year in the Spanish hit parade, and won the Ondas award for Best Album (1995), Best Spanish Group (1996) and the Premio de la Música in the Best Song category in 1996 with the song "No estamos lokos". In the same year they contributed to the film Alma Gitana with two songs.

"De akí a Ketama" (1995) represented a big push in terms of their economy and sales. Numerous artists participated, like El Potito, Chonchi Heredia, Antonio Vega, Antonio Flores and Juañares.

After "De akí a Ketama", the band tried to break away from their last record. It was conscious of the fact that it would be difficult to repeat such a big success but, at the same time, it did not want to be repetitive. The end product was "Konfusión" (1997), which achieved some good sales figures as well, without relinquishing their quality or the Ketama imprint. In 1998, the band won the Ondas award for the Best Album again, this time with Konfusión, which sold 300,000 copies.

## The band members

Initial line-up was:

* Ray Heredia - vocals
* José Soto - guitar. Also known as "Sorderita"
* Juan Carmona - guitar. Also known as "El Camborio"

Heredia left the band shortly afterwards, and was eventually replaced by Antonio Carmona as lead singer. and José Miguel Carmona joined as guitarist. The trio thus briefly became a quartet, but only for a short while as José Soto Sorderita eventually left.

The members finally settled as the trio:

* Antonio Carmona (born 1965) - Vocals
* Juan Carmona (born 1960, brother of Antonio Carmona). Also known as "El Camborio"
* José Miguel Carmona (born 1971, cousin of Antonio Carmona). Also known as "Josemi"

Ketama disbanded in 2004.

## Their sound

Violins, an electric guitar, bass, piano, trumpet, trombone and sax can he heard playing alongside Ketama -which was still a quartet- in "Y es ke me han kambiao los tiempos" (1990). The time has come for the rumba and salsa, both of which are flamencoised in this record.

In these early records, it is already possible to appreciate a review of the legacy of their respective families, although they are still distant from the audacious developments that were to come, not long afterwards. In 1988, "Songhai" was released on the market, and its name was that of the court of the Mandinga empire (Sudan). Here, flamenco was blended with African music, Toumani Diabate's kora to be specific, alongside which African choruses, the guitar playing and voices of Ketama and Danny Thompson's folk-jazz double bass could be heard.

The version of "Vente pa' Madrid" following the rhythm of the kora is indispensable. "Toma Ketama" arrived in 1999, following a compilation record that collected the best themes that they released between 1990 and 1997. "Toma Ketama" sounds more like a flamenco record than "Konfusión", although this does not mean that different influences like pop -which in reality had always been present-, blues or Latin rhythms are absent.

In 2002, Ketama went a step further and blended flamenco with rap, hip-hop and house music in "Dame la mano". This was the last release before their break-up began. Their farewell was accompanied by "20 pa' Ketama" (2004): twenty songs for their followers. With a selection of their best songs and few other new releases and surprises, the band put an end to their twenty-year professional and musical career.

## Cinema

In 1995, the band was responsible for the original soundtrack of the film "El efecto mariposa" (The butterfly effect), a Spanish film directed by Fernando Colomo. Their music was also heard in the film "Alma gitana", directed by Chus Gutiérrez and whose protagonist was Amara Carmona.

Ketama also contributed to the AIDS benefit compilation album *Onda Sonora: Red Hot + Lisbon* (1998) produced by the Red Hot Organization with "Dukeles".

## Discography

### Albums

* Ketama (Nuevos Medios, 1985)
* La Pipa de Kif (Nuevos Medios, 1987)
* Songhai (with Toumani Diabaté and Danny Thompson) (Nuevos Medios, 1988)
* Y es ke me han kambiao los tiempos (Philips, 1990)
* Canciones hondas (compilation) (Nuevos Medios, 1992)
* Pa´ gente con Alma (Philips, 1992)
* El Arte de lo invisible (Philips, 1993)
* Songhai 2 (with Toumani Diabaté, José Soto and Danny Thompson) (Nuevos Medios, 1994)
* De akí a Ketama (Mercury, 1995)
* Karma (compilation) (Nuevos Medios, 1996)
* Konfusión (Mercury, 1997)
* Sabor Ketama (Mercury, 1998)
* Toma Ketama! (Mercury, 1999)
* Dame la mano (Mercury, 2002)
* Nuevos Medios Colección (Nuevos Medios, 2002)
* 20 pa' Ketama (Universal, 2004)
* De aki a Ketama Deluxe (Universal, 2019)

## InfoBox

| Ketama | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Madrid, Spain |
| Genres | New flamenco |
| Years active | 1984–2004 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Halecia

abstract: Halecia is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

text:
# Halecia

***Halecia*** is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Halecia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Halecia onorei* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Buprestidae |
| Genus: | *Halecia*<br>Laporte & Gory, 1837 |
|


title: Henry Costa

abstract: Henry Pedro Costa is a Liberian award-winning radio talk show host, political commentator, politician, philanthropist and entrepreneur who is popularly known by his followers as "The Voice of the Voicless". Costa is also a fierce critic of George Weah and is the leader of the Council of Patriots, a pro-democracy advocacy group that organised mass protests against Weah in June 2019 and January 2020. Costa is the Chairman of the Council of Patriots. He's widely regarded as the most influential voice in Liberia. In May 2020, the Paris-based magazine dubbed, The Africa Report, ranked him the 33rd Most Influential African positively disrupting things on the continent among the likes of Julius Malema, Aliko Dangote, et al. Henry Costa holds a Bachelor's degree in Government and Public Policy from Wilmington University in Delaware, and received his Master of Science degree in Administration of Justice with concentration in Leadership and Administration with distinction, from the same institution.

text:
# Henry Costa

**Henry Pedro Costa** (born August 6, 1982) is a Liberian award-winning radio talk show host, political commentator, politician, philanthropist and entrepreneur who is popularly known by his followers as "The Voice of the Voicless". Costa is also a fierce critic of George Weah and is the leader of the Council of Patriots, a pro-democracy advocacy group that organised mass protests against Weah in June 2019 and January 2020. Costa is the Chairman of the Council of Patriots. He's widely regarded as the most influential voice in Liberia. In May 2020, the Paris-based magazine dubbed, The Africa Report, ranked him the 33rd Most Influential African positively disrupting things on the continent among the likes of Julius Malema, Aliko Dangote, et al.

Henry Costa holds a Bachelor's degree in Government and Public Policy from Wilmington University in Delaware, and received his Master of Science degree in Administration of Justice with concentration in Leadership and Administration with distinction, from the same institution.

## InfoBox

| Henry Costa | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Henry Pedro Costa
August 6, 1982
Monrovia, Liberia |
| Known for | Critic of George Weah, talk show host |


title: Helix Studios

abstract: Helix Studios is an American gay pornographic film studio. Founded in 2002 by Keith Miller and based in Las Vegas, Nevada, it primarily features twink performers. The company began in Fort Lauderdale, Florida as a maker of niche spanking films before transitioning to mainstream hardcore pornography in 2004 and relocating to San Francisco, California in 2006. They have primarily operated on a subscription business model since their inception and have released also their films in various other formats, including on DVD, video on demand, a Roku channel, pay-per-view, and a website.

text:
# Helix Studios

**Helix Studios** is an American gay pornographic film studio. Founded in 2002 by Keith Miller and based in Las Vegas, Nevada, it primarily features twink performers. The company began in Fort Lauderdale, Florida as a maker of niche spanking films before transitioning to mainstream hardcore pornography in 2004 and relocating to San Francisco, California in 2006. They have primarily operated on a subscription business model since their inception and have released also their films in various other formats, including on DVD, video on demand, a Roku channel, pay-per-view, and a website.

## History

Helix Studios was founded in 2002 by Keith Miller, who had previously co-worked for the billing service iBill, which he co-founded, until it was bought out in 2000. Since starting and as of 2022, they use a monthly subscription business model, which allows subscribers to download or stream the studio's films. The studio's first release, *First Time Spankings*, was a spanking movie released in 2002 under the name SpankThis. Helix partnered with distributor Marina Pacific in 2003 and transitioned from niche fetish content to hardcore pornography films in 2004. At the 2005 GayVN Awards, Helix was nominated for Best Specialty Release (18-23) for their movie *Twinkalicious*, winning the award at the following year's ceremony for *Twink Juice*. Helix Cash, their affiliate program, was launched in January 2006. In September 2006, Helix Studios moved from Fort Lauderdale, Florida to San Diego, California. *AVN* called Helix "one of the leaders in its specialties" of twink-focused videos the following month, by which point they had the lines SpankThis, which focused on spanking films, and 8Teenboy, which had been purchased by Miller from a local photographer and focused on hardcore videos featuring "barely legal" twink performers. They opened an online store, Mankind Video, which contained their entire catalog, in September 2007. Helix Studios released a mobile version of their website using WebKit in 2010.

Helix released 8TeenBoy Boost, an herbal aphrodisiac, in March 2011. In June 2011, they partnered with AEBN to release over 200 of their films on video on demand, and launched a channel on Roku in August 2012. By then, in addition to SpankThis! and 8TeenBoy, they also had their HotStuds, Fratboy, Latin Studs, and Raw Lads lines, which were eventually all merged into Helix Studios as a result of the Great Recession. A parody of the music video for the Robin Thicke song "Blurred Lines" by Helix Studios was released in July 2013 and became popular online. Helix signed a licensing deal with the gay pornographic film studios BoyCrush and Staxus to release their films to subscribers in January 2015 and purchased the catalogs of gay pornographic film studios PZP Productions and Puppy Productions in March 2015. Helix Studios was nominated for the XBIZ Award for Gay Studio of the Year in 2017. In April 2017, Helix launched 8TeenBoy.com, a website for their 8TeenBoy line, which was headed by Max Carter, a former performer for Helix. Also in 2017, Helix relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada and closed its San Francisco studio in January 2018.

Las Vegas-based filmmaker Heidi Moore became an editor and writer for Helix Studios in 2018 and made the studio's films more narrative-based, with many of the films' nonsexual scenes being uploaded to Amazon Prime Video and their YouTube channel and earning them 150,000 subscribers on YouTube by 2022. By 2018, Helix Studios and its performers had devoted female followings on social media. 13 Red Media, an LGBT media company founded by Miller, began releasing the *Rise Up* series of young adult novels based on Helix Studios actors, including *His Own Way Out*, based on Blake Mitchell, *Twink*, based on Kyle Ross, and *Electric Soul*, based on Joey Mills. Miller was inducted into the GayVN Hall of Fame in 2019 for his work with Helix. In 2020, Helix Studios won the GayVN Award for Best Feature for their film *Vegas Nights*. Helix Studios Latin America was created in 2021, and, in 2022, Helix launched Helix Studios Europe as well as a pay-per-view service, which allowed non-subscribers to purchase individual films. As of 2022, Helix Studios is based in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## Performers

* Kyle Ross became a popular pornographic actor for Helix Studios after signing with them in 2012. He became an administrator for Helix and got engaged to fellow former Helix actor Max Carter in December 2017; the couple were called the "First Couple of Helix Studios" by Kevin O'Keeffe of *Into* for being "the longest-lasting, most visible faces" of the Helix brand. Ross died in a car crash in Florida in May 2023 at 29 years old. His identical twin brother, Kris Ross, had signed with Helix after him in 2012.
* The Vine star Bryan Silva, who went viral on the platform in 2014, had worked for Helix Studios.
* Zac Stevens, a gay pornographic actor who worked with Helix, died in November 2015 at age 25.
* The 2017 short film *Flower*, directed by Matt Lambert, starred Joey Mills, Sean Ford, Blake Mitchell, Landon Vega, and Corbin Colby, five gay pornographic actors from Helix.
* Helix Studios actor Shane Cook announced in 2018 that he had been diagnosed with stage 2 Hodgkin lymphoma.
* A video featuring Justin O'Brien, who had previously performed for Helix Studios under the name Dustin Gold, shouting racial slurs at a Black sanitation worker from his car and arguing with a pedestrian in New York City went viral in July 2020. Helix Studios responded on Twitter, writing that he had been fired and had not worked for the company since 2014 but would not be employed by them going forward.
* Alex Riley began working exclusively with Helix Studios in 2019 and won the GayVN Award for Best Newcomer in 2020; the following year Helix Studios announced that Riley died at age 22.
* Casey Tanner, who had been a popular actor for Helix Studios in the mid-2010s before retiring in 2017, died at age 28 in April 2023.

## InfoBox

Helix Studios
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Gay pornography |
| Founded | 2002 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S. |
| Founder | Keith Miller |
| Headquarters | Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. |
| Website | helixstudios.com |


title: Heather Viles

abstract: Heather Viles is a professor of biogeomorphology and heritage conservation in the school of geography and the environment at Oxford University, senior research fellow at Worcester College, and honorary professor at the Institute of Sustainable Heritage, University College London. She is a Fellow of the British Society for Geomorphology.

text:
# Heather Viles

**Heather Viles** is a professor of biogeomorphology and heritage conservation in the school of geography and the environment at Oxford University, senior research fellow at Worcester College, and honorary professor at the Institute of Sustainable Heritage, University College London. She is a Fellow of the British Society for Geomorphology.

## Education

Viles obtained her MA in geography from the University of Cambridge, and a DPhil from the University of Oxford. Her DPhil research investigated the role of microorganisms in weathering limestone, based on fieldwork on Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles.

## Career and research

Following her DPhil, she undertook post-doctoral research on the contribution of acid rain to the deterioration of English cathedrals. Her research has focused on geomorphology and heritage science. Her research is highly interdisciplinary and includes geomorphology with ecology, engineering geology, environmental chemistry, and materials conservation. Her research investigates biological contributions to geomorphology; processes of weathering, geomorphology and landscape evolution in extreme environments and processes of building stone decay and conservation.

She is currently the co-director of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Centre for Doctoral Training in Science and Engineering in Art, Heritage, and Archaeology. Since 2019 she has held the position of chair of the British Society for Geomorphology, having previously been chair from 2012 to 2014. Viles was director of Undergraduate Studies (2008–2011), director of research (2012–2015), and head of the School of Geography and the Environment (2015–2019) at Oxford University, and vice provost of Worcester College from 2012 to 2014. From 2008 to 2011, she was vice-president (Expeditions and Fieldwork) of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers. From 2008 to 2012 she was a member of the advisory panel of the joint Arts and Humanities Research Council/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Science and Heritage Programme, and member of the National Heritage Science Strategy steering group co-ordinated by English Heritage that developed a UK-wide Heritage Science Strategy to direct policy over the next 25 years.

She is a member of the editorial board of Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. She was a Member of the International Association of Geomorphologists Executive Committee 2013–2017, and Associate Editor of the academic journal Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. Currently she currently a Senior Editor of Earth Surface Dynamics journal.

## Awards and honours

Viles was awarded the 2015 Ralph Alger Bagnold Medal from the European Geosciences Union for her role in establishing the field of biogeomorphology. In 2019 she was awarded the Melvin G. Marcus distinguished career award of the Geomorphology Specialty Group, American Association of Geographers. In 2020 she was recipient of the Founder’s Medal of the Royal Geographical Society for her excellence in establishing the field of biogeomorphology.

## Selected publications

Heather Viles. 1988. Biogeomorphology.Wiley-Blackwell.

## InfoBox

| Heather Viles | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British |
| Citizenship | British |
| Occupation(s) | Professor of Biogeomorphology and Heritage Conservation |
| Awards | Founder's Medal (2020) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford University of Cambridge |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Geography |
| Sub-discipline | Geomorphology |
| Institutions | Oxford University |
|  | |


title: P46 road (Ukraine)

abstract: P46 is a regional Ukraine road (P-highway) in Sumy Oblast and Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, running mainly west–east and connecting Okhtyrka with Kharkiv in a more or less straight line. It begins at Highway H12 in Okhtyrka and passes through Khodunaivka, Kupjevakha, Hubarivka, Bohodukhiv, Musiyki, Krysynska, Maksymivka, Horkoho, Vilshany, Dvorichnyi Kut, Peresichne, Solonytsivka, Podvirky, and finally arrives to the Kholodnohirsk District of Kharkiv at Zalyutynska Street and Poltavskyi Shlyakh Street.

text:
# P46 road (Ukraine)

**P46** is a regional Ukraine road (P-highway) in Sumy Oblast and Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, running mainly west–east and connecting Okhtyrka with Kharkiv in a more or less straight line. It begins at Highway H12 in Okhtyrka and passes through Khodunaivka, Kupjevakha, Hubarivka, Bohodukhiv, Musiyki, Krysynska, Maksymivka, Horkoho, Vilshany, Dvorichnyi Kut, Peresichne, Solonytsivka, Podvirky, and finally arrives to the Kholodnohirsk District of Kharkiv at Zalyutynska Street and Poltavskyi Shlyakh Street (Highway M01).

## Main route

Main route and intersections with other highways in Ukraine.

| Marker | Settlements with intersecting highways | Notes | Highway interchanges |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 km | Okhtyrka |  | **T1705** **T1929**  H 12 |
|  | Hubarivka |  | **T1702** |
|  | Bohodukhiv |  | **P45** |
|  | Maksymivka |  | **T2113** |
|  | Persichne |  | **T2112** |
|  | Kharkiv |  | M 03  E40  E105 |

## InfoBox

| Road P46 | |
| --- | --- |
| Автошлях Р46 | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 131 km (81 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | **T1705** **T1929**  H 12 in Okhtyrka |
| East end | M 03  E40  E105 in Kharkiv |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblasts | Sumy, Kharkiv |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| P 45   P 47 | |


title: Una Nixson Hopkins

abstract: Una Nixson Hopkins was an American writer and designer, and an art director who worked in silent films.

text:
# Una Nixson Hopkins

**Una Nixson Hopkins** (November 17, 1869 – September 8, 1956) was an American writer and designer, and an art director who worked in silent films.

## Early life

Una B. Nixson was born in Denison, Iowa, the daughter of William H. Nixson (or Nixon) and Mariam Hoxsie Nixson (later Amsden).

## Career

Hopkins was widowed in her twenties, and lived in a Pasadena bungalow built by Joseph Blick in 1899. She wrote, and did interior design, and worked as an art director in Hollywood, sometimes described as "the first woman art director in motion pictures". "No trouble is too great for her to take," a 1908 profile explained of her interior decorating work, "and she often spends weeks hunting the shops for some shade or texture to give the needed bit of sheen or color to a room."

In 1915 Hopkins was hired as art director for the Oliver Morosco Photoplay Company. Hopkins had credits on twelve silent films: *The Spirit of Romance* (1917), *More Deadly than the Male* (1919), *Judy of Rogue's Harbor* (1920), *Nurse Marjorie* (1920), *Jenny Be Good* (1920), *Food for Scandal* (1920), *A Full House* (1920), *Burglar Proof* (1920), *Oh, Lady, Lady* (1920), *Her First Elopement* (1920), *Ducks and Drakes* (1921), and *The Wise Virgin* (1924). Several of the films she worked on are now considered lost; two were directed by William Desmond Taylor. After her film career ended, she continued supporting her son, George James Hopkins, in his film work.

## Selected publications

The Los Angeles Herald described Hopkins in 1910 as "one of the successful women writers of the West," adding that she was helping to promote Southern California to Eastern audiences. She published a novel, *A Winter Romance in Poppy Land* (1911). She also contributed short stories and articles on interior design to magazines, especially *Ladies' Home Journal*, *House Beautiful*, *The Craftsman*, and *Country Life in America*. "Hopkins seemed especially interested in the problems that single working women faced in obtaining suitable housing," noted architectural historian Leland M. Roth. She was a member of the Southern California Press Club.

### Fiction

* "Johnny's Cookies" (1904, short story, *The Los Angeles Times*)
* "The Banks Woman" (1906, short story, *The Pacific Monthly*)
* *A Winter Romance in Poppy Land* (1911, novel)
* "The Bride Who Wouldn't Have a Servant" (1910, short story, *Ladies' Home Journal*)

### Non-fiction

* "John Brown's Family — The Man of Harper's Ferry Fame —His Sons and Daughter. Visit to Their Homes in Pasadena. California. One Who Has Suffered Intensely and Lived Above the Petty Annoyances of Life" (1893, *The Inter Ocean* newspaper)
* "A House Facing West" (1904, *House Beautiful*)
* "Small Houses and their Decoration" (1904, *House Beautiful*)
* "The California Bungalow" (1906, *The Pacific Monthly*)
* "Possibilities in a Southern Clime" and "In Regard to Cottages" (1906, *The Book of a Hundred Houses*)
* "A House of Fine Detail" (1907, *The Craftsman*)
* "Plaster Homes in the Southwest" (1908, *The Craftsman*)
* "A Home Built About its Trees" (1909, *Country Life in America*)
* "The Small House for Less than $1000" (1909, *Ladies' Home Journal)*
* "A House Built for Children" (1909, *Ladies' Home Journal*)
* "A Family Clubhouse" (1910, *Good Housekeeping*)
* "For the Bride Who Does Her Own Work" (1910, *Ladies' Home Journal*)
* "A Bedroom With a Sleeping Porch" (1911, *Ladies' Home Journal*)
* "A Semi-Detached Bungalow Development in California" (1912, *Country Life in America*)
* "A Picturesque Court of 30 Bungalows" (1913, *Ladies' Home Journal*)
* "What Three Women Did With Their House" (1913, *Ladies' Home Journal*)
* "The Young Folks' First Bungalow" (1913, *Ladies' Home Journal*)'
* "A Home and Bookbindery in One" (1913, *Country Life in America*)
* "How You Can Live Outdoors" and "New Ideas in Children's Playhouses" (1913, *Ladies' Home Journal*)
* "Some Phases of Domestic Architecture in the Southwest" (1914, *The International Studio*)
* "The Joys of Girls' Camps" (1915, *Ladies' Home Journal*, with Mary Harrod Northend)
* "Pasadena, California, in Mid Winter" (1915, *Harper's Bazaar*)

## Personal life

Una Nixson married George J. Hopkins; he died in 1896, at age 30, the same year their only son, his namesake, was born. Her son, George James Hopkins, was an Oscar-winning set designer and interior decorator. Una Hopkins died in Los Angeles in 1956, aged 86 years.

## InfoBox

| Una Nixson Hopkins | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | November 17, 1869
Denison, Iowa |
| Died | September 8, 1956
Los Angeles, California |
| Other names | Una Nixon Hopkins |
| Occupation(s) | Art director in silent films, writer, designer |
| Children | George James Hopkins |


title: GCR Class 1A

abstract: The Great Central Railway Class 1A, classified B8 by the LNER, was a class of 4-6-0 mixed-traffic locomotives designed by John G. Robinson for fast goods, relief passenger and excursion services. They were known as the ‘Glenalmond Class’ and were a smaller wheeled version of Robinson's earlier Sir Sam Fay express passenger class, which they closely resembled.

text:
# GCR Class 1A

The Great Central Railway **Class 1A**, classified **B8** by the LNER, was a class of 4-6-0 mixed-traffic locomotives designed by John G. Robinson for fast goods, relief passenger and excursion services. They were known as the ‘Glenalmond Class’ and were a smaller wheeled version of Robinson's earlier Sir Sam Fay express passenger class (LNER Class B2), which they closely resembled.

## History

### GCR locomotives

The prototype was built at Gorton Locomotive Works, during 1913 and the remaining ten, one year later. They had the same design problems associated with the Sir Sam Fay class and were mainly used on secondary passenger and freight services.

## Numbering

Table of numbers
| Built | GCR Nos. | LNER Nos. | LNER 1946 Nos. | Name | Withdrawn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| June 1913 | 4 | 5004 | 1349 | *Glenalmond* | November 1947 |
| July 1914 | 439 | 5439 | 1350 | *Sutton Nelthorpe* | August 1947 |
| August 1914 | 440 | 5440 | 1351 |  | October 1947 |
| September 1914 | 441 | 5441 | 1352 |  | May 1947 |
| September 1914 | 442 | 5442 | 1353 |  | March 1949 |
| October 1914 | 443 | 5443 | 1354 |  | March 1948 |
| October 1914 | 444 | 5444 | 1355 |  | September 1948 |
| November 1914 | 445 | 5445 | 1356 |  | August 1947 |
| November 1914 | 446 | 5446 | 1357 | *Earl Roberts of Kandahar* | April 1949 |
| December 1914 | 279 | 5279 | 1358 | *Earl Kitchener of Khartoum* | August 1948 |
| January 1915 | 280 | 5280 | 1359 |  | March 1947 |
|

## Preservation

None have been preserved.

* Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1975). Fry, E. V. (ed.). *Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2B: Tender Engines—Classes B1 to B19*. Lincoln: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-73-8.

## InfoBox

| GCR Class 1A
LNER Class B8 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 1349 at Retford (GC) Locomotive Depot 13 April 1947 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Designer John G. Robinson  Builder Gorton Works  Build date 1913–1915  Total produced 11 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-6-0  UIC 2'Ch2  Gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)  Leading dia. 3 ft 6 in (1.067 m)  Driver dia. 5 ft 7 in (1.702 m)  Length 63 ft 0.3 in (19.210 m)  Loco weight 122 long tons (124 t)  Fuel type Coal  Fuel capacity 6 long tons (6.1 t)  Water cap. 4,000 imperial gallons (18,000 L; 4,800 US gal)  Firebox:   Grate area 26 sq ft (2.4 m2)  Boiler:
   Diameter 5 ft 6 in (1,680 mm)  Boiler pressure 180 psi (1.24 MPa)  Heating surface 2,183 sq ft (202.8 m2)  Superheater:
   Heating area 294 sq ft (27.3 m2)  Cylinders Two, inside  Cylinder size 21.5 in × 26 in (546 mm × 660 mm) | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort 27,445 lbf (122.1 kN) | |
| Career  Operators   Withdrawn 1947–1949  Disposition All scrapped | |


title: Raymond Rodgers Belmont

abstract: Raymond Rodgers Belmont was a champion polo player who killed himself in 1887 with a gunshot.

text:
# Raymond Rodgers Belmont

**Raymond Rodgers Belmont** (July 19, 1863  January 31, 1887) was a champion polo player who killed himself in 1887 with a gunshot.

## Biography

He was born on July 19, 1863, to August Belmont and Caroline Slidell Mackenzie Perry. He attended Harvard University.

He participated in the 1886 International Polo Cup with teammates William Knapp Thorn, Foxhall Parker Keene and Thomas Hitchcock, Sr.

He died on January 31, 1887, in New York City by shooting himself in the side of the head with a pistol. He was 23 years old. He was buried in the Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery in Newport, Rhode Island.


abstract: The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology is a provincial public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

text:
# Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

The **Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology** (**NUIST**; 南京信息工程大学) is a provincial public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

## History and Status Quo

Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), founded in 1960 and renamed from Nanjing Institute of Meteorology in 2004, was designated as one of the national key institutions of higher education in 1978. NUIST is co-constructed by the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) and the Ministry of Education. Since 2017, NUIST has been on the list of China’s “Double First-class” construction universities and disciplines as well as Jiangsu high level universities. During the year 2021-2023, it ranked around 50th among Chinese mainland universities and around 500th, 400th and 900th in U.S. News, ARWU, and QS University Rankings respectively.

## Advantage Disciplines

NUIST has a complete higher education system with undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral programmes as well as post-doctoral research centres. The discipline of Atmospheric Science has been selected as a national "world-class discipline" and achieved excellent results in the evaluations conducted by China’s Ministry of Education. Nine disciplines, namely, Geoscience, Engineering, Computer Science, Environmental Science and Ecology, Chemistry, Agricultural Science, Material Science, General Social Science and Mathematics have entered the ESI top 1% rankings with Geoscience and Computer Science in the ESI top 1% rankings.

## Students and Faculty

Currently, NUIST has about 38,140 full-time students, including 28,800 undergraduate students, 7,860 postgraduate students,1,480 international students and 450 exchange students. The university has over 2,300 full-time faculty members and more than 800 part-time teachers. Among them there are 2 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 overseas academicians, 2 IAA academicians, 117 national level talents, and more than 500 provincial and ministerial level talents. 85% of the full-time teachers have doctorates and 67% of them have experiences of studying or working abroad for no less than one year.

## International Cooperation

NUIST has established cooperative relationship with 150 overseas universities and institutions from over 30 countries and regions including Yale University, Harvard University, the University of Reading, the University of Manchester, South East Technological University, Russian State Hydometeorological University, Carlton University, Delft University of Technology, Macquarie University and Monash University. NUIST was admitted to such programmes as Chinese Government Scholarship, the Confucius Institute Scholarship and Jiangsu Government Scholarship. To date, the WMO Regional Training Centre Nanjing at NUIST has trained over 6,000 senior meteorological and hydrological professionals for more than 160 countries and regions and become the world’s largest training centre of top quality.

NUIST has established joint research institutes in various disciplines with partner universities. Typical examples include the NUIST - Harvard Joint Laboratory for Air Quality and Climate (JLAQC) and Yale - NUIST Atmospheric Environment Research Centre. JLAQC has gained a large number of creative scientific achievements. In recent 3 years, 12 papers from the JLAQC research fellows were published in top international academic journals such as Nature, Climate Change, Nature Geoscience, Nature Communications, PNAS, Advanced Materials. The cooperation with Yale University was reported as a model of Sino-US scientific research cooperation in the article titled Science superpowers find common ground by Nature . Besides , there are many other cooperation modes like applying for joint scientific research programmes, jointly cultivating students, and co-hosting international conferences, workshops or seminars.

Another successful cooperative mode is transnational education institutions and programmes, such as NUIST Reading Academy co-constructed with the University of Reading in the UK and NUIST Waterford Institute co-constructed with the South East Technological University in Ireland. Moreover, there are various short-term students’ or teachers’ exchange programmes between NUIST and our global partners.

### International Association of Meteorological Education and Sciences (IAMES)

Environmental pollution and meteorological disasters have become common challenges faced by mankind. The International Association of Meteorological Education and Sciences (IAMES) was established in December 2020, which was initiated by NUIST and supported by more than 30 colleges, universities and scientific research institutions from over 20 countries.

IAMES is a non-governmental, non-profit, academic and scientific organization, dedicated to international promotion and coordination of scientific studies and education on meteorology (atmospheric science, hydrology, environmental science and other meteorology related disciplines). IAMES encourages the application of this knowledge to social needs, such as weather forecast, climate change, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental preservation.

IAMES is established to stimulate meteorological education and research, promote scientific and technological innovation, share high-quality platform resources, provide government policy consultation, and enhance the coordination ability to respond to major scientific issues.

There are 34 members in IMAES, such as NUIST, Nanjing University, Sun Yat-sen University, Princeton University, the University of Reading, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Seoul National University and Cairo University.

The establishment of IAMES got strong support from Chinese government (e.g. Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Commerce, China Meteorological Administration) and international organizations such as World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Petteri Taalas, then Secretary-General of WMO, also offered his support to the establishment of IAMES.

### College of International Students (CIS)

NUIST started to enroll international students in 1990 and the international degree programmes were approved in 1996. The College of International Students undertakes admission, teaching and administration of international students studying in a variety of programmes including Chinese language and other bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programmes taught in Chinese and English.

The number of international students reached 1700+ from over 120 countries, 82% of whom are degree students, and 29% of whom are postgraduates.

### WMO Regional Training Center Nanjing (WMO RTC Nanjing)

The World Meteorological Organization Regional Training Centre Nanjing (WMO RTC Nanjing) is located at NUIST. Approved by the Executive Council of WMO, the RTC Nanjing was formally established in 1993. It has held about 200 international and dozens of bilateral training courses since 1990. Over 6,000 meteorologists and hydrologists from 160 countries (regions) have been trained at the Center. Many of the trainees have been the backbones of their National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs).

32°12′26″N 118°43′18″E / 32.20722°N 118.72167°E / 32.20722; 118.72167

## InfoBox

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
| 南京信息工程大学 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Nanjing Institute of Meteorology |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | 1960 (1960) |
| President | Li Beiqun |
| Address | Ningliu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R.C. 210044, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China |
| Website | www.nuist.edu.cn |


title: Poduru mandal

abstract: Poduru mandal is one of 46 mandals in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The headquarters is located in the town of Poduru.

text:
# Poduru mandal

**Poduru mandal** is one of 46 mandals in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The headquarters is located in the town of Poduru.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 census, the mandal had a population of 65,706 in 18,294 households. The population consists of 33,128 males and 32,578 females, with a sex ratio of 983 females per 1000 males. 6,106 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 3,154 are boys and 2,952 are girls, with a sex ratio of 936. The average literacy rate stands at 80.02% with 47,689 literates of which 25,218 are males and 22,471 are females.

The majority are Schedule Castes with a population of 17,675 whereas Schedule Tribe had a population of 485.

## Economy

Per a report published by Census India in 2011, 31,077 people are employed: 20,643 males and 10,434 females. According to this report, 23,637 workers describe their work as main work, 1,794 as cultivators, 16,326 as agricultural labourers, 604 working in household industry and 4,913 involved in other work, out of them 7,440 are marginal workers.

## Administration

Poduru mandal is administered under Achanta palakollu (Assembly constituency) of Narsapuram (Lok Sabha constituency) and one of the twelve mandals that fall under Narasapuram revenue division.

## Geography

The mandal is bordered by Achanta mandal to the north, Yelamanchili mandal to the east, Palacole mandal to the south and Penumantra mandal to the west.

As of 2011 census, the mandal had 14 settlements, all villages. Poduru is the largest and Miniminchilipadu is the smallest by population.

The settlements in the mandal are:

* 1Gummaluru
* 2Jagannadhapuram
* 3Jinnuru
* 4Kavitam
* 5Kommuchikkala
* 6Mattaparru
* 7Miniminchilipadu
* 8Pandithavilluru
* 9Pemmarajupolavaram
* 10Penumadam
* 11Poduru
* 12Ravipadu
* 13Vaddiparru
* 14Vedangi
* 15appannacheruvu
* 16thoorpupalem

## Education

The mandal plays a major role in education for the rural students from nearby villages. The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aid from external sources, and private schools, supervised by the School Education Department. As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the mandal had more than 6,244 students enrolled in over 84 schools.

## InfoBox

| Poduru mandal | |
| --- | --- |
| Mandal | |
| Interactive Map Outlining mandal | |
| Poduru mandalLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 16°35′24″N 81°45′31″E / 16.59000°N 81.75861°E / 16.59000; 81.75861 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | West Godavari |
| Headquarters | Poduru |
| Government | |
| Body | Mandal Parishad |
| Area | |
| Total | 68.60 km2 (26.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 65,706 |
| Density | 960/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | AP 37 |
| Nearest city | Palakollu |


title: Nauclerus

abstract: Nauclerus was a genus of birds of prey, containing the African and American swallow-tailed kites. Though similar, the two species are not closely related, belonging to separate subfamilies Elaninae and Perninae. The term is preserved in the modern French common names "élanion naucler" and "naucler à queue fourchue".

text:
# Nauclerus

***Nauclerus*** was a genus of birds of prey, containing the African and American swallow-tailed kites. Though similar, the two species are not closely related, belonging to separate subfamilies Elaninae and Perninae.

The term is preserved in the modern French common names "élanion naucler" and "naucler à queue fourchue".

## Taxonomy

The name *Nauclerus* was published by Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825, and used by other authors in the 19th century.

Vigors' original description contained both the swallow-tailed kite (*N. furcatus*, also called the Carolina kite or forked-tail hawk) and the then-recently discovered scissor-tailed kite (Riocour's kite, *N. Riocourii*), separating them from the *Elanus* of Savigny.

In contrast, Vieillot had earlier published the genus *Elanoïdes* in 1818, containing *E. furcatus* and *E. (f.) yetapa*. *Falco riocourii* was not known until a few years later: illustrated in 1821 for a work by Temminck, and described in 1822 by Vieillot. In 1823, Vieillot grouped all of the known elanine kites in *Elanoïdes*: *E. furcatus* (*forficatus*), *E. leucurus*, *E. yetapa*, *E. cæsius* (*cæruleus*), and *E. riocourii*.

Lesson split the scissor-tailed kite into a separate genus as *Chelictinia Riocourii* in 1843, leaving *N. furcatus* as a junior synonym of *Elanoïdes furcatus* Vieillot, 1818.

An alternative approach is to consider *N. riocourii* the type species of *Nauclerus*, giving *Nauclerus* Vieillot 1825 precedence over *Chelictinia* Lesson 1843. The effect would be to keep *riocourii* in *Nauclerus*, and move *furcatus* to *Elanoides*.

## Description

Both species have deeply forked tails with slender bodies and long, pointed wings. The scales on their lower legs are reticulated, and the nails of their talons are not rounded underneath.

They spend much time on the wing, taking insects, amphibians and small reptiles from tree branches, and insects from the air.

In *C. riocourii*, the second primary flight feather is the longest. It is the smaller of the two, with light grey plumage and black patches under the bends of its wings. *E. forficatus* has the third feather longest; it is notably larger; and its coloration is strikingly pied, being charcoal above and white below.

1. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (October 1825). "On a new genus of Falconidæ". Sketches in Ornithology. *The Zoological Journal*. **2** (7): 385–386.
2. Vieillot (1818). "Ornithologie". *Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, tome 24*. *Elanoïdes* is described at page 101. "Nota. Les Milans de la Caroline et du Paraguay doivent être retirés du genre Milan, et faire une section de celui - ci. Cette réunion m'a forcé de changer les noms génériques qui, pour ce groupe, étoient auparavant Couhyer , Elanus." (The kites of Carolina and Paraguay should be removed from *Milvus* and made a section of it. The joining forced me to change the generic names for this group that were previously Couhyer, *Elanus*.)
3. Bonnaterre, Pierre Joseph; Vieillot, Louis-Pierre (1823). "Élanoïde". *Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois regnes de la nature, part. 3*. Paris. p. 1204.
4. Lesson, René Primevère (12 January 1843). "Index Ornithologique par Lesson". *L'Echo du Monde Savant*. Year 10, no. 3, column 60–63. *Nauclerus* is listed in column 62, with synonyms, *Chelictinia* following in column 63.
5. Boyd gives the genus authority for *Elanoides* as Vieillot 1818, *Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle* 24 p. 101, and for *Chelictinia* as Lesson 1843 *Echo. Monde Sav.* 10 no.3 col.63
Boyd, John H. III (2016). "Accipitrimorphae". *Taxonomy in Flux Checklist* (3.05 ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
6. For example, Sharpe in *Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum* lists *E. furcatus* as the type of Vieillot's *Elanoides* and *N. riocouri* as the type of Vigors' *Nauclerus*. Sections "56. Elanoides" and "57. Nauclerus" in Vol. 1 pp. 317–318

## InfoBox

| *Nauclerus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Accipitriformes |
| Family: | Accipitridae |
| Genus: | *Nauclerus*
Vigors, 1825 |
|
| Species | |
| *N. riocourii* (*Chelictinia riocourii*)
*N. furcatus* (*Elanoides forficatus*) | |


title: Moxhull Hall

abstract: Moxhull Hall is a hotel, wedding and conference venue in Wishaw, near Sutton Coldfield, in Warwickshire, England. The manor of Moxhull was owned by the Lisle family from the 16th century and later by the Hackett family. The last Andrew Hackett died in 1815 and his widow married Berkeley Octavious Noel, a grandson of the 4th Earl of Gainsborough. Their son sold the estate to Thomas Ryland. The original manor house, which stood in Moxhull Park, now the site of The De Vere Belfry Hotel and Golf Centre, was destroyed by fire in about 1900. Losses in the fire included a fine oak staircase which had been installed from Kenilworth Castle in 1760. The then Lord of the Manor, Howard Ryland, Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire, built a new Manor House, Moxhull Hall, a short distance away at Holly Lane, Wishaw. His grandson, Thomas Howard Ryland, sold the estate in 1926 and it fell into the ownership of two other owners until, in 1969, Moxhull Hall was converted into a hotel.

text:
# Moxhull Hall

**Moxhull Hall** is a hotel, wedding and conference venue in Wishaw, near Sutton Coldfield, in Warwickshire, England.

The manor of Moxhull was owned by the Lisle family from the 16th century and later by the Hackett family. The last Andrew Hackett died in 1815 and his widow married Berkeley Octavious Noel, a grandson of the 4th Earl of Gainsborough. Their son sold the estate to Thomas Ryland.

The original manor house, which stood in Moxhull Park, now the site of The De Vere Belfry Hotel and Golf Centre, was destroyed by fire in about 1900. Losses in the fire included a fine oak staircase which had been installed from Kenilworth Castle in 1760.

The then Lord of the Manor, Howard Ryland, Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire, built a new Manor House, Moxhull Hall, a short distance away at Holly Lane, Wishaw. His grandson, Thomas Howard Ryland, sold the estate in 1926 and it fell into the ownership of two other owners until, in 1969, Moxhull Hall was converted into a hotel.

* Douglas V. Jones (1990). *Walmley and its surroundings*. Westwood Press. Chapter III: Langley, Wishaw and Moxhull. ISBN 0-948025-11-5.
* *A History of the County of Warwick, Volume 4* (1947) from British History Online

52°33′44″N 1°45′38″W / 52.5622°N 1.7606°W / 52.5622; -1.7606


title: Israel Ifeanyi

abstract: Israel Ifeanyi is a former American football defensive end who played for the San Francisco 49ers and San Diego Chargers. He was selected in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft. He had a career-ending knee injury during training camp, cutting his career short as it was on the rise. Subsequently, he went on to coach high school football for 10 years, and was the head coach for eight years at Desert Christian High School in Lancaster, CA, where he started the program and made the playoffs during several seasons. During his collegiate career at USC he wore the famous #55 and was a collegiate All-American and defensive captain of the 1996 Champion Rose Bowl Game.

text:
# Israel Ifeanyi

**Israel Ifeanyi** (born November 21, 1970) is a former American football defensive end who played for the San Francisco 49ers and San Diego Chargers. He was selected in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft. He had a career-ending knee injury during training camp, cutting his career short as it was on the rise. Subsequently, he went on to coach high school football for 10 years, and was the head coach for eight years at Desert Christian High School in Lancaster, CA, where he started the program and made the playoffs during several seasons.

During his collegiate career at USC he wore the famous #55 and was a collegiate All-American and defensive captain of the 1996 Champion Rose Bowl Game.

## InfoBox

Israel Ifeanyi(chukwu)
| Date of birth | (1970-11-21) November 21, 1970 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Nigeria |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Defensive end |
| US college | University of Southern California |
| NFL draft | 1996 / round: 2 / pick: 46 |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1996 | San Francisco 49ers |
| 1998 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers* |
| 1998-1999 | San Diego Chargers |
| 2000 | Dallas Cowboys* |
| \*Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Una Noche Más

abstract: Una Noche Más is the second and final studio album by Chris Pérez Band. It was released on April 16, 2002.

text:
# Una Noche Más

***Una Noche Más*** is the second and final studio album by Chris Pérez Band. It was released on April 16, 2002.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dime Por Qué Te Vas" | 3:51 |
| 2. | "Una Noche Más" | 3:54 |
| 3. | Untitled | 3:51 |
| 4. | "Como La Primera Vez" | 4:23 |
| 5. | "Amor Secreto" | 3:31 |
| 6. | "Ahora Que Voy A Marcharme" | 4:19 |
| 7. | "Me Duele Más A Mi" | 3:55 |
| 8. | "Y Yo Te Voy A Amar" | 4:39 |
| 9. | "Me Cansé" | 3:43 |
| 10. | "Como Puedes" | 3:51 |
| 11. | "Por Qué Duele Tanto" | 3:52 |
| 12. | "Y No Me Miras Igual" | 3:40 |
| 13. | "La Gorda" | 3:37 |
| 14. | "Dime Por Qué Te Vas (Versión Pop)" | 3:53 |
| 15. | "Lo Mejor De Todo (Versión Pop)" | 3:43 |

## InfoBox

| Una Noche Más | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Chris Pérez Band | |
| Released | April 16, 2002 |
| Recorded | 2001–2002 |
| Genre | Latin, rock, Tejano |
| Label | Univision Music Group |
| Producer | A.B. Quintanilla III |
| Chris Pérez Band chronology | |
| *Resurrection*
(1999) ***Una Noche Más***
(2002) | |


title: Ketam Mountain Bike Park

abstract: Ketam Mountain Bike Park is a mountain bike trail located in Pulau Ubin, Singapore.

text:
# Ketam Mountain Bike Park

**Ketam Mountain Bike Park** is a mountain bike trail located in Pulau Ubin, Singapore.

## Background

### Location

The bike park is located around the fringe of a quarry in Pulau Ubin that was previously not occupied for any usage purpose. Ketam Quarry underwent a major rehabilitation project by National Parks Board (NParks), which transformed it into a green space fit for biking activities. The park includes the German Girl Shrine.

### Bike trails design

The design of the mountain bike tracks had been carefully chosen and constructed with regards to the International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA) standards. The Singapore Amateur Cycling Association (SACA) was engaged as well, to provide consultation and expertise.

The mountain bike trail at the park is designed such that it can be used by leisure cyclists and competitive cyclists alike.

## Opening

It was opened to public on 17 May 2008. Entry to the bike park is free of charge.

The 45-hectare park consists of 10 kilometres long of mountain bike trails. It is the first such park in Singapore that meets the international standards for mountain biking competitions. Apart from international standard competitions, Ketam Mountain Bike Park also allows recreational cycling.

### IMBA ratings

Ketam Mountain Bike Park currently consists of tracks with the 3 out of 5 IMBA ratings, to cater to cyclists of different skill levels. Trails with the Blue Square code consist of steep slopes as well as narrow tracks with poor traction. These trails are most suitable for beginners. The Black Diamond trails cater more for the middle-skilled cyclists with long step climbs, drop-offs and challenging obstacles. The most challenging trails of all is those coded as Double Black Diamond. These trails have a variety of extra steep climbs and drop-offs, sharp corners and tricky obstacles.

### Skills park

Cyclists get to experiment with the obstacles in these parks and take their skills to the next level. The Dirt Skills Park is designed as a circuit with compact tracks and appeal to a wider genre of cyclists. In Freeride Skills Park, one can find the course strewn with natural and man-made obstacles which are technically challenging.

### Facilities

Shelters are strategically located along the tracks. These shelters double as resting points for tired cyclists. To guide cyclists around the island, signs are positioned at the key locations such as the intersection points.

## InfoBox

| Ketam Mountain Bike Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Pulau Ubin, Singapore |
| Coordinates | 1°24′41.3″N 103°56′51.9″E / 1.411472°N 103.947750°E / 1.411472; 103.947750 |
| Area | 45 hectares (450,000 m2) |
| Opened | 17 May 2008 |


title: Podveky

abstract: Podveky is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

text:
# Podveky

**Podveky** is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Ježovice, Útěchvosty and Zalíbená are administrative parts of Podveky.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 791 |  |
| 1880 | 780 | −1.4% |
| 1890 | 765 | −1.9% |
| 1900 | 798 | +4.3% |
| 1910 | 711 | −10.9% |
| 1921 | 699 | −1.7% |
| 1930 | 561 | −19.7% |
| 1950 | 426 | −24.1% |
| 1961 | 378 | −11.3% |
| 1970 | 343 | −9.3% |
| 1980 | 279 | −18.7% |
| 1991 | 260 | −6.8% |
| 2001 | 213 | −18.1% |
| 2011 | 210 | −1.4% |
| 2021 | 215 | +2.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Podveky | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Zalíbená, a part of Podveky | |
|  | |
| PodvekyLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°49′30″N 14°59′39″E / 49.82500°N 14.99417°E / 49.82500; 14.99417 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Kutná Hora |
| First mentioned | 1295 |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.28 km2 (3.97 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 466 m (1,529 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 207 |
| Density | 20/km2 (52/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 285 06 |
| Website | www.podveky.cz |