title: Hořátev

abstract: Hořátev is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

text:
# Hořátev

**Hořátev** is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

## History

The first written mention of Hořátev is from 1384.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 448 |  |
| 1880 | 489 | +9.2% |
| 1890 | 545 | +11.5% |
| 1900 | 514 | −5.7% |
| 1910 | 554 | +7.8% |
| 1921 | 682 | +23.1% |
| 1930 | 721 | +5.7% |
| 1950 | 659 | −8.6% |
| 1961 | 679 | +3.0% |
| 1970 | 642 | −5.4% |
| 1980 | 615 | −4.2% |
| 1991 | 527 | −14.3% |
| 2001 | 611 | +15.9% |
| 2011 | 747 | +22.3% |
| 2021 | 795 | +6.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Hořátev | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Eastern part of Hořátev | |
|  | |
| HořátevLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°8′59″N 15°2′24″E / 50.14972°N 15.04000°E / 50.14972; 15.04000 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Nymburk |
| First mentioned | 1384 |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.15 km2 (2.76 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 186 m (610 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 807 |
| Density | 110/km2 (290/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 289 13 |
| Website | www.horatev.cz |


title: Mieczysław Centnerszwer

abstract: Mieczysław Centnerszwer was a Polish chemist and professor at the Technical University of Riga and at the University of Warsaw. He was killed by the Gestapo, as a Jew in hiding.

text:
# Mieczysław Centnerszwer

**Mieczysław Centnerszwer** (Polish pronunciation: \[mjɛˈt͡ʂɨs.waf tsɛntnɛrʂfɛr\]; July 10, 1874 – March 27, 1944) was a Polish chemist and professor at the Technical University of Riga and at the University of Warsaw. He was killed by the Gestapo, as a Jew in hiding.

## Life

Centnerszwer was born in Warsaw, son of Gabriel Centnerszwer (1841–1917) and was a grandson of the mathematician Jakub Centnerszwer. He studied chemistry at the University of Leipzig and received a doctorate in 1898 under the supervision of Wilhelm Ostwald. While in Leipzig, he met Franciszka Anna Beck, who converted to Judaism and they married in 1900. He worked as a professor at the Riga Polytechnic from 1917 to 1919 and then at the University of Latvia until 1929. In 1932 he became head of physical chemistry at the University of Warsaw. He was forced by the Nazi administration to divorce his wife in 1940 and she was allowed to stay in the Aryan side of Warsaw while he was sent off to a ghetto. He continued to teach physics and chemistry at Juliusz Zweibaum's courses (Zweibaum conducted an underground medical training school) and continued to work until July 1942. He escaped before the ghetto residents were to be killed and hid in his wife's home. He was revealed by a caretaker's son and shot by the Gestapo on March 27, 1944 in front of his wife. He was buried in the Powązki Cemetery.

Centnerszwer, research was in the field of chemical kinetics, corrosion, and equilibrium in multiphase systems. He published over 100 research papers. In 1928 he was awarded the title of Officier d'Academie Francaise and in 1929, received the Latvian Order of Three Stars.


title: Walter Torres Maldonado

abstract: Walter Torres Maldonado was the mayor of Peñuelas, Puerto Rico since 1997 to 2019.

text:
# Walter Torres Maldonado

**Walter Torres Maldonado** was the mayor of Peñuelas, Puerto Rico since 1997 to 2019.

## InfoBox

| Walter Torres Maldonado | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mayor of Peñuelas | |
| **In office**<br>January 14, 1997  December 31, 2018 | |
| Preceded by | José Cedeño |
| Succeeded by | Gregory Gonsález Souchet |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | (1963-12-01) December 1, 1963 |
| Political party | Popular Democratic Party (PPD) |
| Alma mater | Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico |
|  | |


title: Jeremy Navarre

abstract: Jeremy Navarre is a former American football defensive end. He was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Maryland. Navarre was also a member of the Arizona Cardinals, Sacramento Mountain Lions and Virginia Destroyers.

text:
# Jeremy Navarre

**Jeremy Navarre** (born March 16, 1987) is a former American football defensive end. He was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Maryland.

Navarre was also a member of the Arizona Cardinals, Sacramento Mountain Lions and Virginia Destroyers.

## Early life

He was born on March 16, 1987, in Joppatowne, Maryland, to parents George and Sherri Navarre. Jeremy Navarre attended Joppatowne High School where he played football as a fullback and defensive end for his last three years. As a senior in 2004, Navarre recorded 145 tackles (110 solo), 11 sacks, four fumble recoveries, and 15 receptions for 290 yards and three touchdowns. He was twice named a consensus first-team all-state and *Baltimore Sun* first-team All-Met player. As a junior, he was named the *Baltimore Sun* Athlete of the Year, and, as a senior, he was named the Harford County defensive player of the year.

SuperPrep named Navarre an All-American and the number-two prospective fullback recruit in the nation. PrepStar named him an All-Atlantic region player. Navarre was recruited by Maryland, Penn State, Boston College, and Virginia.

In addition to his being a standout on the football field, Navarre was a two-time Maryland state wrestling champion. He passed up a chance for a third title by enrolling early at the University of Maryland during the spring semester of his senior year of high school so that he could participate in the Terps' spring football workouts.

## College career

In 2005, Navarre saw action in all 11 games and started in 10 as a true freshman at defensive end. He recorded 25 tackles including 2.5 for loss and broke up one pass.

In 2006, he played in all 13 games and started in 12. Navarre recorded 47 tackles including 9.5 for loss. He tied for first on the team in sacks with 3.5. Against Florida State, he took part in what was just the second Maryland win in the series. Navarre preserved a win for the Terps by blocking a field goal attempt which would have tied the game with 49 seconds remaining. During the game, he compiled five tackles including 2.5 for loss and an eight-yard sack. He also forced a fumble and ended a fourth-down run. The offense managed to capitalize on both efforts with touchdowns in the ensuing possessions. For his performance, he was named the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Co-Defensive Lineman of the Week.

In 2007, Navarre started in all 13 games. He recorded 5.5 sacks to tie for second on the team. He tied for third in forced fumbles with two. He was awarded the team's James M. Tatum Award for the top defensive lineman.

In 2008, he was moved to defensive tackle where he started in the first nine games. For the remaining four games, he was moved back to defensive end. He recorded 70 tackles and ranked first in the ACC for tackles by a defensive lineman. He also posted 2.5 sacks, 7.5 passes broken up, and one forced fumble. He was named an honorable mention All-ACC player by both the ACC and the Associated Press. He was invited to appear in the Texas vs. The Nation Game. At the end of the season, Navarre received the Ray Krouse Award as the team's most valuable player and his second consecutive James M. Tatum Award for most outstanding defensive lineman.

## Professional career

### Pre-draft

At the NFL Combine Navarre measured : 6'2" 276 and ran a 4.84 40-yard dash and did 36 reps in the 225-pound bench press.

### Jacksonville Jaguars

Navarre went undrafted in the 2009 NFL draft, but was signed as a free agent by the Jacksonville Jaguars shortly thereafter. The NFL Draft Scout had ranked him as 24th among 210 defensive end prospects for the draft. It also said, "Navarre proved himself a versatile defender who was a force whether playing outside in a 3–4 alignment or inside with four down linemen. Coach Fridge \[Ralph Friedgen\] has been telling scouts for some time that Navarre's talent, hustling, and work ethic is exemplary."

Navarre was added to the practice squad on September 7, 2009, and then activated to the 53-man roster on September 17. He was waived on September 28. The Jaguars re-signed Navarre to their practice squad on September 30. Shortly after he was signed back to the 53-man roster.

He was released in the final cuts before the 2010 season.

Navarre was then signed by the Arizona Cardinals. He was released before the 2011 NFL season and then joined the UFL and played with the Virginia Destroyers for the 2011 season.

## InfoBox

Jeremy Navarre
| No. 94, 69, 92 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1987-03-16) March 16, 1987<br>Joppatowne, Maryland, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Weight: | 279 lb (127 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Maryland |
| Undrafted: | 2009 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 5 | |
|  | |


title: Nigerian shrew

abstract: The Nigerian shrew is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. The animal is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo, and there are claims of it also being found in Ghana. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. With its long, flexible snouts, the Nigerian shrew is a swift, and relatively large shrew. They are the only mammals other than bats that use echolocation. They are a burrowing animal. Breeding activity is greatest during rainy seasons; the Nigerian shrew is found in lowland tropical moist forests in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko Island.

text:
# Nigerian shrew

The **Nigerian shrew** (***Crocidura nigeriae***) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. The animal is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo, and there are claims of it also being found in Ghana. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

With its long, flexible snouts, the Nigerian shrew (Crocidura nigeriae) is a swift, and relatively large shrew. They are the only mammals other than bats that use echolocation. They are a burrowing animal. Breeding activity is greatest during rainy seasons; the Nigerian shrew is found in lowland tropical moist forests in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko Island.

## InfoBox

| Nigerian shrew | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Eulipotyphla |
| Family: | Soricidae |
| Genus: | *Crocidura* |
| Species: | ***C. nigeriae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crocidura nigeriae***
Dollman, 1915 | |
|
|  | |
| Nigerian shrew range | |


title: November to Remember (1994)

abstract: November to Remember (1994) was the second November to Remember professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) that took place on November 5, 1994, in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. The event featured two main event matches. In the first main event, Shane Douglas defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship against Ron Simmons. The second main event was a singles match, in which Chris Benoit took on Sabu. During the match, Sabu suffered a spinal cord injury, which resulted in the match ending in a no contest. Benoit was then challenged by 2 Cold Scorpio to an impromptu match, which ended in a double count-out. Although not airing on pay-per-view, in July 2019 the event was added to the WWE Network, in the ECW pay-per-view section. Chris Benoit versus Sabu was included on the 2004 WWE DVD release Hard Knocks: The Chris Benoit Story.

text:
# November to Remember (1994)

**November to Remember (1994)** was the second November to Remember professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) that took place on November 5, 1994, in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. The event featured two main event matches. In the first main event, Shane Douglas defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship against Ron Simmons. The second main event was a singles match, in which Chris Benoit took on Sabu. During the match, Sabu suffered a spinal cord injury, which resulted in the match ending in a no contest. Benoit was then challenged by 2 Cold Scorpio to an impromptu match, which ended in a double count-out.

Although not airing on pay-per-view, in July 2019 the event was added to the WWE Network, in the ECW pay-per-view section.

Chris Benoit versus Sabu was included on the 2004 WWE DVD release *Hard Knocks: The Chris Benoit Story*.

## Storylines

The event featured wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches played out on ECW's television program *Hardcore TV*.

At the NWA World Title Tournament, Shane Douglas disgraced National Wrestling Alliance by throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship after winning it in a tournament and then Tod Gordon announced that ECW was withdrawing from the NWA and renaming to "Extreme Championship Wrestling" and recognized Douglas as the ECW World Heavyweight Champion. On October 15, Ron Simmons attacked Douglas after Douglas had retained the title against The Tazmaniac, with the help of Mr. Hughes. On the October 25 episode of *Hardcore TV*, it was announced that Douglas would defend the title against Simmons at November to Remember.

At NWA World Title Tournament, Cactus Jack and Mikey Whipwreck defeated The Public Enemy (Rocco Rock and Johnny Grunge) to win the ECW World Tag Team Championship. On the September 20 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Public Enemy attacked Jack and Whipwreck during a tag team match, which resulted in a brawl between the two teams. On the October 11 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Whipwreck received a title shot against Jason for the World Television Championship, during which Public Enemy interfered and helped Jason in retaining the title against Whipwreck and continued to attack him after the match until Jack made the save. The following week, on *Hardcore TV*, it was announced that Jack and Whipwreck would defend the World Tag Team Championship against Public Enemy in a Brawl Game match at November to Remember.

Tommy Dreamer and The Sandman had been feuding with each other since the July 19 episode of *Hardcore TV*, when Dreamer tried to stop Sandman from caning Mikey Whipwreck and Tommy Cairo and then Dreamer kissed Woman after avoiding her caning attempt and then Sandman lashed him with the cane fifty-seven times, which would weaken Dreamer enough to fail in his World Heavyweight Championship title shot against Shane Douglas. At Hardcore Heaven, Sandman defeated Dreamer in a Singapore Cane match. The two met in another Singapore Cane rematch on the August 30 *Hardcore TV*, where Sandman emerged victorious once again, thanks to interference by Woman and the match stipulated that the loser would be hit with the cane ten times and Dreamer agreed to receive the punishment. On the October 4 *Hardcore TV*, Dreamer defeated Sandman in an "I Quit" match, during which Sandman was apparently blinded after a cigarette was lit in his eyes. Dreamer expressed remorse for his actions, while Tommy Cairo appreciated Dreamer's actions and proclaimed that Sandman deserved to suffer the same fate due to Sandman having beaten Cairo in a Dueling Canes match at Heat Wave. On the October 18 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Sandman announced that he would retire in the near future due to the injury and give a retirement speech at November to Remember. On the October 25 episode of *Hardcore TV*, it was announced that Dreamer would face Cairo in a match at November to Remember. Later that night, Cairo was disqualified against Mikey Whipwreck for hitting him with a Singapore cane until Dreamer made the rescue.

On the September 13 episode of *Hardcore TV*, the World Television Champion Jason added Dean Malenko into his group as his insurance policy and Malenko would manage Jason during matches at ringside and help him in retaining the World Television Championship. On the September 27 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Malenko assisted Jason to victory against Dino Sendoff and continued to attack Sendoff after the match until The Tazmaniac made the save and brawled with Malenko. The two brawled with each other again on the following week's *Hardcore TV*. On the October 18 episode of *Hardcore TV*, it was announced that Malenko would compete against Tazmaniac at November to Remember.

On the September 20 episode of *Hardcore TV*, it was announced the Sabu would face Chris Benoit in a match at a live event on October 1, which Benoit won by count-out. On the October 18 episode of *Hardcore TV*, it was announced that Sabu would face Benoit in a rematch at November to Remember.

## Event

### Preliminary matches

In the opening match, J.T. Smith defeated Hack Meyers, followed by The Pitbulls (Pitbull #1 and Pitbull #2) getting a win over The Bad Breed (Axl Rotten and Ian Rotten) in a tag team match.

Next, 2 Cold Scorpio took on Mr. Hughes. Hughes overpowered Scorpio by using his strength advantage and executing power moves. Hughes continued to control Scorpio throughout the match until he missed a charge at Scorpio in the corner and got knocked out, allowing Scorpio to execute a *Scorpio Splash* for the win.

Tommy Dreamer took on Tommy Cairo. Dreamer immediately attacked Cairo until Cairo countered with a spin kick which sent Dreamer outside the ring. Cairo hit him another spin kick until Dreamer grabbed a steel chair and hit Cairo with it on numerous occasions and then suplexed him on the floor. The action returned to the ring where both men used several weapons against each other. Near the end of the match, Cairo got a Singapore cane and attempted to strike Dreamer with it but he countered it and then Dreamer began hitting Cairo with the cane. He launched several cane shots on Cairo, which made him bleed and the referee stopped the match, awarding the victory to Dreamer. The match was followed by a retirement ceremony for The Sandman, who had seemingly been blinded in an "I Quit" match with Dreamer. During the ceremony, The Sandman's ex-wife, Peaches, attempted to reconcile with him, only to be interrupted by Woman, The Sandman's former manager, who had labelled him "useless" and abandoned him upon his blinding. Woman interrupted the reconciliation, caning Peaches and threatening The Sandman. After Dreamer came to the ring to protect Sandman, The Sandman revealed that he was not in fact blinded and attacked Dreamer, with his estrangement from Woman revealed as a ruse to ensnare Dreamer in order to gain revenge on Cairo.

Next, The Tazmaniac took on Dean Malenko. Tazmaniac took down Malenko with a single leg takedown and then attempted to whip Malenko but Malenko countered and applied a butterfly hold on his opponent. Tazmaniac broke out of it with a Northern Lights suplex. Malenko then nailed Tazmaniac with a double underhook powerbomb and then tried a roll-up but Tazmaniac countered by dropping him throat first on the rope and hit a German suplex. He then attempted a half nelson suplex from the top rope but Malenko countered out of it. Jason interfered by attacking Tazmaniac, who went outside the ring to attack him, allowing Malenko to grab a towel and pour something in it. Tazmaniac returned to the ring where Malenko shove the towel into Tazmaniac to knock him out for the victory.

Later, Shane Douglas defended the World Heavyweight Championship against Ron Simmons. Simmons attacked Douglas as the match began until Douglas knocked him down with a dropkick. He began rolling out of the ring which angered Simmons, who chased Douglas at the ringside and ultimately got control by countering a diving crossbody attempt by Douglas into a Powerslam. He followed with a gutbuster and then attempted a diving headbutt on Douglas but missed it. Simmons continued the momentum with a Chokeslam and charged at him with a running clothesline but Douglas countered and pinned him with a crucifix to retain the title. After the match, Douglas attacked Simmons with the championship belt until 2 Cold Scorpio made the save and then Simmons attacked Douglas with the title and Scorpio nailed a Moonsault on Douglas.

The penultimate match was a Brawl Game match, in which Cactus Jack and Mikey Whipwreck defended the World Tag Team Championship against The Public Enemy (Rocco Rock and Johnny Grunge). The match stipulated that the opponent must be knocked down for a ten count, allowing the team to use a baseball bat as a legal weapon. Public Enemy got the chance to use baseball bat as a weapon after Rocco ducked a punch by Whipwreck and pushed him into Jack, who mistakenly hit Whipwreck with a double arm DDT and Whipwreck was knocked down for the ten count. Public Enemy began hitting the champions with the bats and Rocco attempted to drive Whipwreck through a table from the top of a nest until Sabu showed up to confront him and pushed him through the table. The match continued until Rocco drove Cactus through the table with a diving elbow drop. Grunge then dove from the top rope and nailed a baseball bat on Whipwreck's face to win the titles.

### Main event match

The main event between Chris Benoit and Sabu ended quickly when Benoit botched a back body drop which sent Sabu over the top rope and legitimately injured his spinal cord resulting in nerve damage. Immediately after the match, Benoit demanded a real fight with 2 Cold Scorpio coming out as he challenged Benoit to a match. During the match, Public Enemy tried to interfere but Scorpio chased them away. The action spilled to the ringside, where Benoit drove Scorpio through a table into the guardrail, which resulted in the match ending in a double count-out.

## Aftermath

A few matches from November to Remember were aired on the November 8 and November 15 episodes of *Hardcore TV*.

Shane Douglas continued his feud with Ron Simmons as it was announced on the November 29 episode of *Hardcore TV* that Douglas would defend the title against Simmons in a rematch at Holiday Hell. Simmons pinned Douglas in a tag team match on the December 6 episode of *Hardcore TV*. Douglas retained the title against Simmons at Holiday Hell.

The Tazmaniac continued his feud with Dean Malenko. On the November 22 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Tazmaniac teamed with Sabu to take on Dean and his brother Joe Malenko in a tag team match, which Sabu and Tazmaniac won. After the match, they were assaulted by the World Tag Team Champions Public Enemy, who proceeded to further injure Sabu's neck by hitting a *Drive-By* to Sabu through the table. This would lead to a match between the two teams for the World Tag Team Championship at Holiday Hell, where Public Enemy retained the title.

The feud between Tommy Dreamer, Tommy Cairo and The Sandman continued after November to Remember. On the December 13 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Dreamer and Peaches defeated Cairo and Angel in a mixed tag team match. After the match, Sandman rushed in the ring to attack Dreamer and then Cairo ended his hatred with The Sandman by joining forces with him in assaulting Dreamer until Cactus Jack made the save for Dreamer. This culminated in a tag team match, in which Dreamer and Jack defeated Sandman and Cairo at Holiday Hell.

The Pitbulls and Bad Breed continued their rivalry after November to Remember as the two teams competed in a Double Dog Collar match on November 19, which Pitbulls won. On the January 17 episode of *Hardcore TV*, Pitbulls defeated Bad Breed in a match which stipulated that the losing team must break up, which resulted in Bad Breed being forced to disband. After the loss, Ian Rotten turned on Axl Rotten by attacking him with a chair and the two former tag team partners engaged in a feud with each other culminating in a series of matches between the two which ended in a Taipei Deathmatch at Hardcore Heaven.

Due to crippling Sabu at November to Remember, Chris Benoit subsequently adopted the nickname "The Crippler".

It has been said that when Sabu was in the hospital he refused to speak in order to protect kayfabe as part of his character was he didn't speak. Paul Heyman had to act as a translator. This lasted for hours until Sabu was eventually forced to talk in order to save his life.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | J.T. Smith defeated Hack Meyers | Singles match | 4:02 |
| 2 | The Pitbulls (Pitbull #1 and Pitbull #2) defeated The Bad Breed (Axl Rotten and Ian Rotten) | Tag team match | 3:11 |
| 3 | 2 Cold Scorpio defeated Mr. Hughes | Singles match | 7:09 |
| 4 | Tommy Dreamer defeated Tommy Cairo via referee stoppage | Singles match | 7:09 |
| 5 | Dean Malenko (with Jason) defeated The Tazmaniac via knockout | Singles match | 5:13 |
| 6 | Shane Douglas (c) defeated Ron Simmons | Singles match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship | 6:34 |
| 7 | The Public Enemy (Rocco Rock and Johnny Grunge) defeated Cactus Jack and Mikey Whipwreck (c) | Brawl Game match for the ECW World Tag Team Championship | 12:34 |
| 8 | Chris Benoit vs. Sabu (with 911 and Paul E. Dangerously) ended in a no-contest | Singles match | 2:00 |
| 9 | Chris Benoit (with The Public Enemy) vs. 2 Cold Scorpio ended in a double count-out | Singles match | 12:00 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| November to Remember (1994) | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | Extreme Championship Wrestling |
| Date | November 5, 1994 |
| City | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Venue | ECW Arena |
| Attendance | 1,000 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
NWA World Title Tournament **Next**
Holiday Hell | |
| November to Remember chronology | |
| **Previous**
1993 **Next**
1995 | |


title: LaC TV

abstract: LaC TV is an Italian regional television channel of Calabria based in the city of Vibo Valentia. It transmits a light entertainment program: movies, news and weather bulletins, film and sports on LCN 19. The channel was founded in 1987 by Franco Iannuzzi in Vibo Valentia and its first name was Rete Kalabria. In 1992, the Company "retekalabria srl" was incorporated.

text:
# LaC TV

**LaC TV** is an Italian regional television channel of Calabria based in the city of Vibo Valentia . It transmits a light entertainment program: movies, news and weather bulletins, film and sports on LCN 19.

The channel was founded in 1987 by Franco Iannuzzi in Vibo Valentia and its first name was *Rete Kalabria*. In 1992, the Company "retekalabria srl" was incorporated.

## InfoBox

LaC TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Italy |
| Broadcast area | Calabria |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Italian |
| Picture format | 4:3 SDTV |
| History | |
| Launched | 2014 |
| Links | |
| Website | http://www.lactv.it/ |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital | LCN 19 |
|  | |


title: Troodos Ophiolite

abstract: The Troodos Ophiolite on the island of Cyprus represents a Late Cretaceous spreading axis that has since been uplifted due to its positioning on the overriding Anatolian Plate at the Cyprus arc and ongoing subduction to the south of the Eratosthenes Seamount.

text:
# Troodos Ophiolite

The **Troodos Ophiolite** on the island of Cyprus represents a Late Cretaceous spreading axis (mid-ocean ridge) that has since been uplifted due to its positioning on the overriding Anatolian Plate at the Cyprus arc and ongoing subduction to the south of the Eratosthenes Seamount.

## Stratigraphy

The lowest units of the ophiolite are the Lower Pillow Lavas, controversially separated from the Upper Pillow Lavas. Filling spaces in between the pillows in the pillow lava units are dispersed metal oxide sediments that can also be seen as veins filling cooling fractures within the lavas. The metal oxides are ferruginous with ferromanganese oxides, clays, carbonates, volcanic glass and pelagic sediments.

Above the pillow lava units lies a layer of ferromaganiferous mudstones and clastic volcanics (the epiclastics). The epiclastites are massive altered lava fragments in a mud matrix, usually ferromanganiferous. Overlying this is the massive-finely laminated ferromanganese muds. Between the epiclastics and muds lie background accumulations of pelagic sediment.

To the south there is the Mathiati-Margi massive sulfide ore body and stockwork mineralisation. The sulfide ore occurs at the same stratigraphic level as the Lower and Upper pillow lava contact, and is overlain by unmineralised lavas.

## Petrology

Dunite bodies (olivine) are common in the mantle series of the Troodos, and contain chromite concentrations.

The sheeted dykes show a general tholeiitic trend, of basalts, andesites and dacites. There is no obvious boundary for the compositional differences, but the lower lavas are generally more enriched and evolved (silicic) while the upper lavas are less evolved and depleted.

The geochemical evidence implies that the Troodos ophiolite has come from mantle that has already been depleted, with extraction of mid ocean ridge basalt, but then subsequently enriched in certain trace elements as well as water. Along with the alkaline character of the plagiogranites it can be assumed that the spreading ridge of the Troodos was situated above a subduction zone, but the mantle from which lavas were extruded was that of mantle that had recently lost a melt fraction.

## Metallogenesis of the Troodos Ophiolite

The Troodos is a unique ophiolite in terms of observing hydrothermal alteration, because it has not been metamorphosed to a high extent or deformed extensively. Therefore, it is easy to see the successions and relationships of the hydrothermal processes to the structure of the ridge. This is difficult to observe in modern ridges due to accessibility problems, and so the Troodos gives a unique view into these processes. The fact that the same kinds of alteration can be seen in modern axes implies the same processes happened at the Troodos, even though it was formed in a supra-subduction zone.

Alteration of the lavas is related to both axial hydrothermal systems and crustal aging in a submarine environment. Fluid can be shown to have penetrated at least to the base of the plutonic sequence where high temperature and secondary phases in the plutonics and cumulates imply alteration close to the ridge axis.

The presence of alteration in all of the extrusive levels but the very highest imply a succession of numerous hydrothermal convection cells active during eruption.

As the crustal sequence gradually moved off of the spreading axis, there was cessation of the main metalliferous deposition and progressive restriction of water/rock action and eventually water interaction was restricted to within rock units as the crust was sealed off. This caused precipitation of late stage zeolites and carbonates.

### Black smokers

The massive sulfide deposits can also be shown to have formed at the same temperature as modern day black smokers, which provides evidence that these could be formed from the smokers.

## Reconstruction of a spreading-axis

In terms of the physical mechanism of spreading the Troodos spreading axis is broadly comparable to that of a modern intermediate spreading ridge. The eruption rates along the ridge are high so there is little time for sediment accumulation during active periods. In terms of lava geochemistry and stratigraphy, however, Troodos is more likely to have formed in a subduction initiation setting

## Troodos' role in understanding modern mid-ocean ridge processes

Research on the Troodos flourished after the late 1960s revolution on the fact that ophiolites represented fragments of ocean crust, where then petrologic and secondly structural studies were done on various ophiolites around the world. Interpretations of the Troodos have advanced understandings of the construction of ocean lithosphere, the nature of the seismic layering of the oceanic crust and the magmatic, structural and hydrothermal processes at the ridges. Also, importantly it has helped with understandings of the mechanisms associated with plate collision.

In the early 1970s it began to be widely accepted that the ophiolite represented sea-floor spreading, and subsequently that the Troodos showed geochemical signatures like that of arc volcanics. This last fact was first pushed by Akiho Miyashiro in 1973 who challenged the common conception of Troodos Ophiolite and proposed an island arc origin for it. This was done arguing that numerous lavas and dykes in the ophiolite had calc-alkaline chemistries. In the early 1980s the term supra-subduction zone was coined to infer the formation of lavas above a subducting lithospheric slab, with no specification of where in relation to the subducting slab they form. From subsequent studies of other ophiolites it has been found that these generally have a similar geochemical signature, and so it is inferred that most are supra-subduction zone related.

In the Troodos ophiolite it was observed from the variation in magma types, which can be seen to go from evolved to less evolved mafic rocks in localised cross cutting field relationships implying the presence of more than one magma chamber that cuts other exhausted ones. This has now been shown to be supported from other ophiolite bodies such as Oman.

In terms of ophiolite emplacement, there was a problem of how to uplift dense oceanic lithosphere through 5–6 km of water and onto continents. This process, however it happened, was coined obduction. The processes could possibly vary depending on the active or passive type of margin encountered, such as Tethyan or Cordilleran margins. In Tethyan passive margins gravity sliding over accretionary terranes via low angle thrust faults was proposed. On the Cordilleran margin, lithospheric fragments are incorporated into accretionary terranes. In the Troodos, gravity surveys have implied that the ophiolite is underlain by continental crust whose relative buoyancy uplifted the ocean crust, which in some circumstances could eventually lead to sliding onto the accretionary wedge (or now Eratostines seamount subducted for Troodos).

In the supra-subduction zone, spreading is not controlled like in mid-ocean ridge settings, as the extension is mainly facilitated by slab rollback that creates space independently of the availability of magma. Therefore, the fastest spreading rates are caused by the most rapid rollback and thus favours a magmatic spreading as in many cases the mantle may not be able to keep up with the spreading. Therefore, there is unusually thinned crust, large low-angle extensional faults are common and much crustal rotation.


title: Pseudo-Cyprian

abstract:
Pseudo-Cyprian is the conventional designation for the anonymous authors of Latin works falsely attributed to Cyprian of Carthage. These works do not have a common transmission history. Most are not forgeries, but were texts mistakenly attributed to Cyprian from an early date in their transmission. In many cases the works were taken to be authentic until modern times. The Pseudo-Cyprianic corpus can be divided into four groups. The first group is a set of treatises that was copied from an early date alongside authentic letters and became part of larger letter collections, acquiring Cyprianic attribution along the way. These include:
  - De laude martyrii, mentioned in a stichometry of a Cyprianic manuscript from 365
  - De rebaptismate
  - De aleatoribus
  - De duobus montibus Sina et Sion
  - De centesima, sexagesima, tricesima
  - Ad Vigilium episcopum de Judaica incredulitate
  - De bono pudicitiae, now ascribed to Novatian
  - De spectaculis, now ascribed to Novatian
  - Adversus Judaeos, also mentioned in the stichometry of 365
  - Ad Novatianum
  - Ad plebem Carthaginis, actually a Donatist forgery The second group consists of late antique texts that circulated independently of Cyprian's authentic letters. It includes:
  - Exhortatio de paenitentia
  - Carmen ad quendam senatorem
  - Carmen ad Flavium Felicem de resurrectione mortuorum
  - Hymnus de pascha or De cruce Domini
  - De pascha computus
  - Cena Cypriani
  - two prayers, called Oratio I and II The third group consists of texts that only came to be attributed to Cyprian at a relatively late date. It includes:
  - Ad Turasium, attributed to Cyprian from the 11th century, also attributed to Jerome
  - De singularitate clericorum, attributed to Cyprian in the 12th century
  - Expositio symboli, actually written by Rufinus of Aquileia, mistakenly attributed to Cyprian from the 12th century
  - De duodecim abusivis saeculi, a 7th-century work attributed to Cyprian during the Carolingian Renaissance, sometimes attributed to Augustine of Hippo
  - De voluntate Dei, sermon from a single manuscript of the 8th or 9th century The fourth group consists of texts first attributed to Cyprian only in printed editions of his works. It includes:
  - Revelatio capitis beati Johannis Baptistae, published in the first edition of Cyprian's works by Giovanni Andrea Bussi in 1471
  - Ad Fortunatum de duplici martyrio, published by Desiderius Erasmus in 1530 and probably also forged by him
  - several works of Arnold of Bonneval were published under Cyprian's name for better sales and sometimes taken as authentic by later editors Two works attributed to Cyprian are of disputed authenticity:
  - Quod idola dii non sint, not generally accepted as Cyprian's
  - Ad Silvanum, a letter that is generally accepted as Cyprian's In addition, the works of Cyprianus Gallus have sometimes been published with those of Cyprian of Carthage, but there is no reason to think the two authors to be the same person.

text:
# Pseudo-Cyprian

**Pseudo-Cyprian** is the conventional designation for the anonymous authors of Latin works falsely attributed to Cyprian of Carthage (died 258). These works do not have a common transmission history. Most are not forgeries, but were texts mistakenly attributed to Cyprian from an early date in their transmission. In many cases the works were taken to be authentic until modern times.

The Pseudo-Cyprianic corpus can be divided into four groups. The first group is a set of treatises that was copied from an early date alongside authentic letters and became part of larger letter collections, acquiring Cyprianic attribution along the way. These include:

* *De laude martyrii* (On the Glory of Martyrdom), mentioned in a stichometry of a Cyprianic manuscript from 365
* *De rebaptismate* (On Rebaptism)
* *De aleatoribus* (On Gamblers)
* *De duobus montibus Sina et Sion* (On the Two Mountains Sinai and Zion)
* *De centesima, sexagesima, tricesima* (On the Hundredfold, the Sixtyfold and the Thirtyfold Reward)
* *Ad Vigilium episcopum de Judaica incredulitate* (To Bishop Vigilius Concerning Jewish Unbelief)
* *De bono pudicitiae* (On the Benefit of Purity), now ascribed to Novatian
* *De spectaculis* (On the Public Shows), now ascribed to Novatian
* *Adversus Judaeos* (Against the Jews), also mentioned in the stichometry of 365
* *Ad Novatianum* (To Novatian)
* *Ad plebem Carthaginis* (To the People of Carthage), actually a Donatist forgery

The second group consists of late antique texts that circulated independently of Cyprian's authentic letters. It includes:

* *Exhortatio de paenitentia* (Exhortation to Repentance)
* *Carmen ad quendam senatorem* (Poem to a Senator)
* *Carmen ad Flavium Felicem de resurrectione mortuorum* (Poem to Flavius Felix on the Resurrection of the Dead)
* *Hymnus de pascha* or *De cruce Domini* (Hymn on the Pascha, or On the Cross of the Lord)
* *De pascha computus* (On Computing the Paschal Feast)
* *Cena Cypriani* (Cyprian's Feast)
* two prayers, called *Oratio I* and *II*

The third group consists of texts that only came to be attributed to Cyprian at a relatively late date. It includes:

* *Ad Turasium* (To Turasius), attributed to Cyprian from the 11th century, also attributed to Jerome
* *De singularitate clericorum* (On the Singularity of Clerics), attributed to Cyprian in the 12th century
* *Expositio symboli* (Exposition of the Symbol), actually written by Rufinus of Aquileia, mistakenly attributed to Cyprian from the 12th century
* *De duodecim abusivis saeculi* (On the Twelve Abuses of the World), a 7th-century work attributed to Cyprian during the Carolingian Renaissance, sometimes attributed to Augustine of Hippo
* *De voluntate Dei* (On the Will of God), sermon from a single manuscript of the 8th or 9th century

The fourth group consists of texts first attributed to Cyprian only in printed editions of his works. It includes:

* *Revelatio capitis beati Johannis Baptistae* (Revelation of the Head of Blessed John the Baptist), published in the first edition of Cyprian's works by Giovanni Andrea Bussi in 1471
* *Ad Fortunatum de duplici martyrio* (To Fortunatus on the Twofold Martyrdom), published by Desiderius Erasmus in 1530 and probably also forged by him
* several works of Arnold of Bonneval were published under Cyprian's name for better sales and sometimes taken as authentic by later editors

Two works attributed to Cyprian are of disputed authenticity:

* *Quod idola dii non sint* (That Idols are Not Gods), not generally accepted as Cyprian's
* *Ad Silvanum*, a letter that is generally accepted as Cyprian's

In addition, the works of Cyprianus Gallus have sometimes been published with those of Cyprian of Carthage, but there is no reason to think the two authors to be the same person.


title: Viscount Chilston

abstract: Viscount Chilston, of Boughton Malherbe in the County of Kent, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1911 for the Conservative politician and former Home Secretary, Aretas Akers-Douglas. The title derives from Chilston Park, Akers-Douglas's country house in Kent. He was made Baron Douglas of Baads, in the County of Midlothian, at the same time, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His son, the second Viscount, served as British Ambassador to Russia from 1933 to 1938. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, the third Viscount. As of 2010 the titles are held by the latter's first cousin once removed, the fourth Viscount, who succeeded in 1982. He is the grandson of the Hon. George Alexander Akers-Douglas, second son of the first Viscount. The family seat now is The Old Rectory, near Twyford, Hampshire.

text:
# Viscount Chilston

**Viscount Chilston**, of Boughton Malherbe in the County of Kent, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1911 for the Conservative politician and former Home Secretary, Aretas Akers-Douglas. The title derives from Chilston Park, Akers-Douglas's country house in Kent. He was made **Baron Douglas of Baads**, in the County of Midlothian, at the same time, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His son, the second Viscount, served as British Ambassador to Russia from 1933 to 1938. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, the third Viscount. As of 2010 the titles are held by the latter's first cousin once removed, the fourth Viscount, who succeeded in 1982. He is the grandson of the Hon. George Alexander Akers-Douglas, second son of the first Viscount.

The family seat now is The Old Rectory, near Twyford, Hampshire.

## Viscounts Chilston (1911)

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son the Hon. Oliver Ian Akers-Douglas (b. 1973)
The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Ivo Aretas Akers-Douglas (b. 2007)

## InfoBox

| Viscountcy of Chilston | |
| --- | --- |
| Quarterly: *1st and 4th, Argent a Man's Heart Gules ensigned with an Imperial Crown and pierced by an Arrow fesswise the pheon to the dexter proper on a Chief Azure three Mullets of the field (Douglas of Baads); 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Escallops Or within a Bordure Argent charged with eight Acorns proper (Akers)* | |
| Creation date | 6 July 1911 |
| Created by | George V |
| Peerage | Peerage of Great Britain |
| First holder | Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston |
| Present holder | Alastair George Akers-Douglas, 4th Viscount Chilston |
| Heir apparent | The Hon. Oliver Ian Akers-Douglas |
| Remainder to | Heirs male of the body |
| Subsidiary titles | Baron Douglas of Baads |
| Status | Extant |
| Seat(s) | The Old Rectory |
| Motto | **SAPIENTIA ET VERITAS** <br>*(Wisdom and truth)* |


title: Northern Ontario Railroad Museum

abstract: The Northern Ontario Railroad Museum and Heritage Centre is a rail transport museum located in the community of Capreol in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The museum's mandate states it is, "focused on the preservation of historical artifacts that pay tribute to the heritage of Northern Ontario and the history of the lumber, mining and railroading industries."

text:
# Northern Ontario Railroad Museum

The **Northern Ontario Railroad Museum and Heritage Centre** is a rail transport museum located in the community of Capreol in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The museum's mandate states it is, "focused on the preservation of historical artifacts that pay tribute to the heritage of Northern Ontario and the history of the lumber, mining and railroading industries."

## History

The Northern Ontario Railroad Museum & Heritage Centre was incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1993. During July and August, the museum initially operated out of the CN Caboose #77562 in Prescott Park with a small display of railroad memorabilia. In 1997, the museum acquired the former home of the superintendent of Canadian Northern Railway and Canadian National Railway, which they promptly converted into the NORMHC Museum House and main site, with Prescott Park acting as the outdoor portion of the attraction.

During the summer of 2010, NORMHC received funds from outgoing councilor Russ Thompson for the construction of a Garden of Life to promote organ and tissue donation. Significantly boosted by a major donation in 2013 by CN Rail, the project has since been completed but is constantly maintained and upgraded each museum season.

In 2012, the former Capreol fire hall was acquired by the museum. The fire hall was used actively until October 2010. Since it was built in 1923, it has served as the police station and jail, circuit court, temporary housing, council chambers, town offices, credit union, and the fire station.

## Prescott Park

Prescott Park, named for the former mayor of Capreol Harold Prescott, holds the museum's outdoor locomotive and rolling stock exhibits, as well as the museum's G-Scale model train outdoor layout and children's play structure. This is also home to the Garden of Life, a garden exhibit dedicated to the awareness and celebration of organ donation in Ontario, in association with the Trillium Gift of Life Network.

### Locomotive & Rolling Stock Collection

The museum's train collection includes four locomotives, six pieces of rolling stock, as well as several mining cars, handcars, and speeders. The museum currently has the following on display:

Locomotives:

Rolling Stock:

## Heritage Centre

The Former Capreol fire hall, located one block east of the main site, is used to house and display the in-process restoration project of the town's first police vehicle purchase, a 1956 Dodge Fargo (used as the police force's paddy wagon and a 1929 Godferson Bickle fire engine. The Fire Hall is also the location of the museum's library and offices, exhibits on the social history of the town and surrounding area, as well as annual exhibits involving different themes.

### Model Railroad Layout

Unveiled and officially open on May 20, 2017, the Heritage Centre also holds the museum's newest attraction, a 1000 sq. ft. HO scale model railroad layout. Deemed the largest in Northern Ontario, the layout took 2 years to complete (construction began in December 2015) and has been hand-built, painted and decorated by NORMHC volunteers as well as the Sudbury Model Railroaders Club. It features recreations of Capreol town features as well as scenes of Northern Ontario, including a space detailing the museum's outdoor exhibits in miniature.

### Railroad Simulator

Opened May 2, 2017, the heritage centre also now features a railroad simulator, created and installed by RSI Simulators. Included in the admission price, visitors can use the simulator and experience the basics of train operation, with the scenery used based on a Northern Quebec area and a planned future update changing this to the Capreol yard and scenery around the town. The simulator is set to "arcade mode" to enable visitors to operate it with ease, however, the ability to operate in full "engineer" mode is also possible (the same setting used to train CN employees in the nearby yard).

## InfoBox

Northern Ontario Railroad Museum and Heritage Centre
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| NORMHC Shot of Prescott Park, taken atop the "Sudbury Meteor" display. | |
|  | |
| Established | August 31, 1993 |
| Location | Capreol in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. |
| Coordinates | 46°42′33″N 80°55′27″W / 46.7092°N 80.9242°W / 46.7092; -80.9242 |
| Visitors | approx. 13,000 per year |
| President | Brian Yensen |
| Website | www.normhc.ca |


title: George Adamson

abstract: George Alexander Graham Adamson MBE, also known as the Baba ya Simba, was a British wildlife conservationist and author based in Kenya. His wife Joy Adamson related in her best-selling book Born Free (1960) the couple's life with Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lioness cub they raised and later released into the wild.

text:
# George Adamson

**George Alexander Graham Adamson** MBE (3 February 1906 – 20 August 1989), also known as the *Baba ya Simba* ("Father of Lions" in Swahili), was a British wildlife conservationist and author based in Kenya. His wife Joy Adamson related in her best-selling book *Born Free* (1960) (in 1966 made into a film) the couple's life with Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lioness cub they raised and later released into the wild.

## Life

George Alexander Graham Adamson was born on 3 February 1906 in Etawah, India to English and Irish parents. He was educated at Dean Close School, Cheltenham, England, and moved to work on his father's coffee plantations in Kenya in 1924. After the death of his parents he worked in a series of jobs, which included gold prospector, goat trader and professional safari hunter, before joining Kenya's wildlife department in 1938, working as a game warden. Six years later he married Friederike Victoria "Joy" Gessner. (who became the best-selling author Joy Adamson). It was in 1956 that he raised the lioness cub, Elsa, which he later released into the wild, which adventure became the subject of his wife's best-selling book *Born Free* (1960), later in 1966 made into the feature film *Born Free*.

Adamson retired as a Senior Wildlife Warden of the Northern Frontier District Province of Kenya (Meru National Park area) in 1961 and devoted himself to raising lions that could not look after themselves and training them to survive in the wild. In 1970, he moved to the Kora National Reserve in northern Kenya to continue the rehabilitation of captive or orphaned big cats for eventual reintroduction into the wild. George and Joy separated in 1970, but continued to spend Christmas holidays together until she was murdered on 3 January 1980.

## Death

On 20 August 1989, George Adamson was murdered near his camp in Kora National Park, by Somali bandits, when he went to the rescue of his assistant and a young European tourist in the Kora National Park. He was 83 years old. George is buried in the Kora National Park next to his brother, Terrance and two lions named: Super Cub and Mugie, a lion released in Kora after George's death.

## Film and television

* *Born Free* (1966), based on the book of the same name by Joy Adamson about Elsa the Lioness, that was rehabilitated into the wild, but remained in a friendly relationship with the Adamsons. The film stars Virginia McKenna as Joy Adamson and Bill Travers as George Adamson. George Adamson served as Chief Technical Advisor.
* *The Lions Are Free* (1967) is the true story of what happened to the lions Boy, Girl, Ugas, Mara, Henrietta and Little Elsa, and other lions which starred in *Born Free*. George Adamson rehabilitated many of these lions after *Born Free* was completed. It is a documentary-style film about George Adamson and his lions.
* *An Elephant Called Slowly* (1969) is a travelogue featuring George Adamson, Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna.
* *Lord of the Lions...Adamson of Africa* was filmed in the Kora Reserve in Kenya only months before George was murdered (about 53 minutes)
* *Living Free* (1972) is the sequel to *Born Free*; it stars Nigel Davenport as George Adamson and Susan Hampshire as Joy Adamson.
* *Christian the Lion* (1972) is a documentary of Christian the lion and his journey to George Adamson; it was written, produced and directed by Bill Travers and James Hill, the director of *Born Free*.
* *Born Free* (1974 television series) is a loose adaptation starring Gary Collins and Diana Muldaur.
* *To Walk With Lions* (1999), a feature film, starred Richard Harris as George Adamson.
* "The Born Free Legacy" is a BBC documentary from 2010.
* "Elsa's Legacy: The Born Free Story" is a *Nature* PBS documentary episode from 2011.

## Bibliography

* *Bwana Game: The Life Story of George Adamson*, Collins & Harvill (April 1968), ISBN 978-0-00-261051-3
* *A Lifetime With Lions*, Doubleday (1st ed. in the U.S.A.) (1968), ASIN B0006BQAZW
* *My Pride and Joy: Autobiography*, The Harvill Press (22 September 1986), ISBN 978-0-00-272518-7

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| George Adamson | |
| --- | --- |
| Adamson (left) in 1968 | |
| Born | George Alexander Graham Adamson
(1906-02-03)3 February 1906
Etawah, India |
| Died | 20 August 1989(1989-08-20) (aged 83)
Kora National Park, Coast Province, Kenya |
| Cause of death | Murder |
| Resting place | Kora National Park |
| Other names | Bwana Game, Baba ya Simba |
| Occupations | * Wildlife conservationist * author |
| Spouse | Joy Adamson  (m. 1944; sep. 1970) |
| Website | www.georgeadamson.org |


title: Peter Paul Halajian

abstract: Peter Paul Halajian was a candy manufacturer in the New Haven, Connecticut, area in the early 20th century. Born Peter Halajian in the Ottoman Empire, he immigrated to the U.S. in 1890 and worked in a rubber factory, opening a candy shop on February 1, 1895, in Naugatuck, Connecticut, and changing his surname to Paul. After selling chocolate bars to the U.S. Army for use by soldiers in World War I, who demanded them when they came home, he teamed with five other Armenian investors – his brother-in-law Cal Kazanjian, Cal's cousin Artin Kazanjian, chemist George Shamlian, Jacob Chouljian and his cousin Jacob Hagopian – to form the Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company on Webster Street in New Haven in 1919 with $6,000. The company at first sold various brands of candies, including the Mounds bar, but following sugar and coconut shortages in World War II, they dropped most brands and concentrated on the Mounds bar, with the U.S. military purchasing as much as 80% of their output by 1944, packing 5 million candy bars monthly into combat rations. The Almond Joy bar was introduced in 1946. In 1978 Peter Paul merged with Cadbury-Schweppes.

text:
# Peter Paul Halajian

**Peter Paul Halajian** (1864 in the Ottoman Empire – 1927 in Naugatuck, Connecticut) was a candy manufacturer in the New Haven, Connecticut, area in the early 20th century. Born Peter Halajian in the Ottoman Empire, he immigrated to the U.S. in 1890 and worked in a rubber factory, opening a candy shop on February 1, 1895, in Naugatuck, Connecticut, and changing his surname to Paul. After selling chocolate bars to the U.S. Army for use by soldiers in World War I, who demanded them when they came home, he teamed with five other Armenian investors – his brother-in-law Cal Kazanjian, Cal's cousin Artin Kazanjian, chemist George Shamlian, Jacob Chouljian and his cousin Jacob Hagopian – to form the Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company on Webster Street in New Haven in 1919 with $6,000. The company at first sold various brands of candies, including the Mounds bar, but following sugar and coconut shortages in World War II, they dropped most brands and concentrated on the Mounds bar, with the U.S. military purchasing as much as 80% of their output by 1944, packing 5 million candy bars monthly into combat rations. The Almond Joy bar was introduced in 1946. In 1978 Peter Paul merged with Cadbury-Schweppes.


title: Historical Maritime Society

abstract: The Historical Maritime Society (HMS) is a United Kingdom - based historical reenactment organisation researching and portraying life in Horatio Nelson's Royal Navy. There is also a growing interest within the Society in all matters naval and in other periods - including World War II

text:
# Historical Maritime Society

**The Historical Maritime Society** (HMS) is a United Kingdom \- based historical reenactment organisation researching and portraying life in Horatio Nelson's Royal Navy. There is also a growing interest within the Society in all matters naval and in other periods - including World War II

## History

The society was established in 1996 by members of The English Civil War Society who were also interested in Napoleonic naval history. The first reenactment event was a living history at the Hartlepool Historic Quay.

## Events

The society aims to entertain and inform and is linked to educational sites. It has performed reenactment events of the Napoleonic period aboard HMS *Victory* at the Royal Naval Dockyard at Portsmouth, HMS *Trincomalee*, which is permanently moored at the historic quay at Hartlepool, the National Maritime Museum, and many more locations in the UK. The society has also taken part in international reenactment events including Malta.

## Appearances in the media

HMS appeared in the Channel 4 series *The Worst Jobs in History* (2004), describing life in the Georgian Royal Navy. The filming took place aboard HMS Trincomalee, UK. The society featured in Paul Lewis Isemonger's book *Wellington's War*. about the Napoleonic period and provided accurate portrayals of life aboard one of the Royal Navy's frigates during the Napoleonic Wars

## Projects

HMS recently constructed its own replica 'cutter' or launch which can be equipped with its own, fully operational replica carronade. and a swivel gun. A recent article in *Skirmish* Living History Magazine recounts the history of this project complete with pictures of HMS in action

The Cutter is a working boat, designed for transport (including a company of Royal Marines), transfer of crews, provisions - including beer and water barrels. One of the crucial uses for such a vessel was that of 'kedging' where a kedge anchor would be rowed ahead, dropped and for the ship to be then drawn - or warped - ahead by winding the capstan. This would be necessary for hauling off sandbanks or shoals, to escape a lee position and for tight manoeuvering when entering harbours at the heads of river estuaries or tight anchorages.

Work to up-rate the 12-oar launch to a gaff rig sailing launch, or cutter, is now complete. This has equipped the society with a vessel comparable to that in which the then lieutenant William Bligh and the loyal non-mutineers from HMS *Bounty* were cast away on 29 April 1789.

HMS is currently building a replica Mk 8 'Cockle' canoe, reflecting the Society's interest in aspects of WW2 activity. There are a few other extant examples of the marques of the family of canoes that followed on from those used in Operation Frankton - immortalised in the film The Cockleshell Heroes - including those owned and on loan to the Falmouth Maritime Museum (these are the aluminium versions) but the wooden versions are long gone. There is a dedicated site showing current state of construction.

All of the work on the uniforms, kit and the launch itself - including the rig - has been undertaken by members of the society and has been funded entirely by the membership.

## InfoBox

| The Historical Maritime Society | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1995 |
| Location | Lancashire, England |
| Period | modern |
| Earliest year portrayed | 1805 |
| Latest year portrayed | 1945 |
| Umbrella group(s) | European Napoleonic Society |
| Website | www.hms.org.uk |


title: Notocrater gracilis

abstract: Notocrater gracilis is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudococculinidae, the false limpets.

text:
# Notocrater gracilis

***Notocrater gracilis*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudococculinidae, the false limpets.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand.

* Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. pp 196–219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch

## InfoBox

| *Notocrater gracilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Notocrater gracilis* (paratype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Lepetellida |
| Family: | Pseudococculinidae |
| Genus: | *Notocrater* |
| Species: | ***N. gracilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Notocrater gracilis***<br>B.A. Marshall, 1986 | |
|


title: La Huacana, La Huacana

abstract: La Huacana is the municipal seat of La Huacana Municipality in Michoacán, Mexico. In 2010 it also was the most populous locality in the municipality. It is located 161 kilometers from the state capital Morelia. The name comes from the purepecha which means "place of dresses".

text:
# La Huacana, La Huacana

**La Huacana** is the municipal seat of La Huacana Municipality in Michoacán, Mexico. In 2010 it also was the most populous locality in the municipality. It is located 161 kilometers from the state capital Morelia.

The name comes from the purepecha which means "place of dresses".

## History

During the wars before the Spaniards arrived, this place was conquered by the Tarascan state, by the successors of Tariacuri: Hiquingare, Tangaxuan and Hirepan. These rulers, in order to ensure the payment of tribute, appointed Cupauxanti as chieftain. In the 16th century, with the arrival of the Spaniards, shortly after the conquest of Apatzingan, La Huacana became an *encomienda* under Juan Pantoja. In 1789 Jose Maria Morelos was the curate of the parish of Tamacuaro de la Aguacana.

## Demographics

In 2010, the town of La Huacana had a population of 9,395.

## Economy

La Huacana is the centre of the municipality's principal economic activities, which are agriculture, cattle raising and fishing.

## Attractions

Some of the attractions of La Huacana are the main square, the temple of San Nicolas de Tolentino, the volcano "el jorullo", the natural spa "la presita", the spas "hot water" and "the waterfall".

## InfoBox

| La Huacana | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| La HuacanaLocation of La Huacana in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 18°57′45″N 101°48′25″W / 18.96250°N 101.80694°W / 18.96250; -101.80694 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Michoacán |
| Established | 1927 |
| Elevation | 480 m (1,570 ft) |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 9,374 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |


title: Troides haliphron

abstract: Troides haliphron, the haliphron birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly confined to Sulawesi and the lesser Sunda Islands.

text:
# Troides haliphron

***Troides haliphron***, the **haliphron birdwing**, is a birdwing butterfly confined to Sulawesi and the lesser Sunda Islands.

## Description

*Troides haliphron* is sexually dimorphic.

**Male:** The forewings are ground colour black. The veins are bordered by white shading. The hindwings are ground colour black. There is a golden band in the discal area of the wing. The veins are black and they cleave the golden area. The underside is similar.

**Female:** The female is larger than the male. The ground colour of the female is brown. The veins are bordered by white shading. There is a yellow area with dark veins on the hindwings. There is one chain of black spots is in the yellow area. The underside is similar.

The abdomen is dark brown, and the underside has yellow spots. Head and thorax are black. The nape has a red hair coat.

## Taxonomy

*Troides staudingeri* has at times been considered a subspecies of *Troides haliphron*.

Subspecies *celebensis* \- the status of this taxon is uncertain. It has been placed within *Troides criton*, and *Troides oblongomaculatus*. It may be a hybrid with *Troides helena hephaestus*.

### Subspecies

A number of other subspecies have been described from different islands. They are:

* *Troides haliphron celebensis* \- possibly central Celebes (see Taxonomy)
* *Troides haliphron haliphron* \- South Celebes
* *Troides haliphron naias* \- Sumba
* *Troides haliphron socrates* \- Wetar and Sumbawa (probably a local form and not a subspecies)
* *Troides haliphron selayarensis* \- Selayar Islands

## Biology

The larva feeds on species *Aristolochia*.

*Troides haliphron*  is a member of the *Troides haliphron* species group. The members of this clade are:

* Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). *Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book*. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6  via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
* D'Abrera, B. (1975) *Birdwing Butterflies of the World*. Country Life Books, London.
* Haugum, J. & Low, A.M. 1978-1985. *A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies*. 2 volumes. Scandinavian Press, Klampenborg; 663 pp.
* Kurt Rumbucher and Oliver Schäffler, 2004 Part 19, Papilionidae X. Troides III. in Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Eds. *Butterflies of the World*. Keltern: Goecke & Evers ISBN 978-3-937783-02-4

## InfoBox

| Haliphron birdwing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male, upperside | |
| Conservation status | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | *Troides* |
| Species: | ***T. haliphron*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Troides haliphron***<br>(Boisduval), 1836 | |
|


title: Pseudo-Democritus

abstract: Pseudo-Democritus is the name used by scholars for the anonymous authors of a number of Greek writings that were falsely attributed to the pre-Socratic philosopher Democritus. Several of these writings, most notably the lost works On Sympathies and Antipathies and Artificial Substances, were probably written by the Pythagorean physician and pharmacologist Bolos of Mendes. There are also a number of extant Greek alchemical writings attributed to Democritus, whose author has sometimes likewise been identified as Bolos of Mendes, but who is now thought to have been an anonymous author active during the second half of the first century AD, most likely c. 54–68 AD. These writings are some of the oldest alchemical works in existence, and have played an important role in defining alchemy as a discipline. In their original form, they probably consisted of a series of four books on dyeing: two books on dyeing metals gold and silver, one on dyeing stones, and one on dyeing wool purple. They were highly regarded by later Greek alchemists, who cited them frequently and even wrote a number of commentaries on them. The alchemical works of pseudo-Democritus are also responsible for popularizing the aphorism attributed to the legendary Persian alchemist Ostanes, Nature delights in nature, nature conquers nature, nature masters nature, which went on to become an often repeated quote among later alchemists.

text:
# Pseudo-Democritus

**Pseudo-Democritus** is the name used by scholars for the anonymous authors of a number of Greek writings that were falsely attributed to the pre-Socratic philosopher Democritus (c. 460–370 BC).

Several of these writings, most notably the lost works *On Sympathies and Antipathies* and *Artificial Substances* (Greek: *Cheirokmēta*), were probably written by the Pythagorean physician and pharmacologist Bolos of Mendes (fl. 3rd or 2d century BC).

There are also a number of extant Greek alchemical writings attributed to Democritus, whose author has sometimes likewise been identified as Bolos of Mendes, but who is now thought to have been an anonymous author active during the second half of the first century AD, most likely c. 54–68 AD. These writings are some of the oldest alchemical works in existence, and have played an important role in defining alchemy as a discipline. In their original form, they probably consisted of a series of four books on dyeing: two books on dyeing metals gold and silver, one on dyeing stones, and one on dyeing wool purple. They were highly regarded by later Greek alchemists, who cited them frequently and even wrote a number of commentaries on them.

The alchemical works of pseudo-Democritus are also responsible for popularizing the aphorism attributed to the legendary Persian alchemist Ostanes, *Nature delights in nature, nature conquers nature, nature masters nature*, which went on to become an often repeated quote among later alchemists.

## Four Books

The original alchemical works attributed to Democritus, known as the *Four Books*, are now lost. However, several epitomized extracts of them survive in two extant treatises called *Natural and Secret Questions* (Greek: *Physika kai Mystika*) and *On the Making of Silver* (Greek: *Peri asēmou poiēseōs*), as well as in a collection of lists of alchemical substances called *Catalogues* (Greek: *Katalogoi*). The original books dealt with a wide range of topics, including the transmutation of base metals into silver or gold, the artificial production of precious stones, and the purple-dyeing of wool, all of which are subjects also covered in the Stockholm and Leyden papyri (3rd century AD). However, the preserved parts focus more strongly on the production of silver and gold, thus reflecting the main interests of later Greek alchemists.

The original works were probably four books on dyeing: one on how to give base metals a yellow tinge (i.e., to 'dye' them gold), one on how to give base metals a white tinge (i.e., to 'dye' them silver), one on 'dyeing' stones (i.e., to create precious stones), and one on dyeing fabrics purple (using cheaper substitutes for the costly Tyrian purple).

## Historical significance

The *Four Books* are some of the most ancient works known in Western alchemy, and played a central role in its earliest development. They were frequently cited by alchemists such as Zosimos of Panopolis (fl. c. 300 AD) and Synesius (c. 373–414 AD), as well as by later Byzantine writers such as pseudo-Olympiodorus, Stephanus, Christianus, and 'the philosopher Anonymous'. Their authority among later Greek alchemists was such that the latter often presented their own theories and practices as an interpretation of the *Four Books*.

Some Greek alchemists also wrote commentaries on the *Four Books*. One such commentary, called *Democritean Commentaries* and written by the alchemist Petasius, is now lost. However, another commentary, called *The Philosopher Synesius to Dioscorus: Notes on Democritus' Book*, is still extant.

### Nature delights in nature

One aphorism that is often repeated throughout the *Four Books*, and often quoted by later writers, is as follows:

> Greek: *Hē physis tēi physei terpetai, kai hē physis tēn physin nikai, kai hē physis tēn physin kratei*
>
> Translation: *Nature delights in nature, nature conquers nature, nature masters nature*

Ascribed in the narrative of the *Four Books* to pseudo-Democritus' legendary Persian master Ostanes, it is supposed to summarize the entire teaching of Ostanes to pseudo-Democritus, encapsulating the fundamental rules by which the elements or natures of things combine. This aphorism, which also occurs in a number of earlier Hellenistic writings dealing with the concepts of sympathy and antipathy, links the pseudo-Democritean writings back to earlier works attributed to 'Persian' authors such as pseudo-Zoroaster and Ostanes, as well as to the works of Bolos of Mendes.

## Works cited

* Fraser, Peter M. (1972). *Ptolemaic Alexandria*. Vol. I–III. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198142782.
* Hershbell, Jackson P. (1987). "Democritus and the Beginnings of Greek Alchemy". *Ambix*. **34** (1): 5–20. doi:10.1179/amb.1987.34.1.5.
* Holmyard, Eric J. (1957). *Alchemy*. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. OCLC 2080637.
* Irby-Massie, Georgia L.; Keyser, Paul T. (2002). *Greek Science of the Hellenistic Era: A Sourcebook*. London and New York: Taylor & Francis Routledge. ISBN 9780415238472.
* Kroll, Wilhelm (1934). "Bolos und Demokritos". *Hermes*. **69** (2): 228–232.
* Letrouit, Jean (1995). "Chronologie des alchimistes grecs". In Kahn, Didier; Matton, Sylvain (eds.). *Alchimie: art, histoire et mythes. Actes du I" Colloque international de la Société d'Étude de l'Histoire de l'Alchimie*. Paris and Milan: S.É.H.A and Arche. pp. 11–93. ISBN 9788872521786.
* Lindsay, Jack (1970). *The Origins of Alchemy in Graeco-Roman Egypt*. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 9780389010067.
* Martelli, Matteo (2013). *The Four Books of Pseudo-Democritus*. Sources of Alchemy and Chemistry: Sir Robert Mond Studies in the History of Early Chemistry (*Ambix*, vol. 60, suppl. 1). Leeds: Maney Publishing/Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry. ISBN 9781909662285.
* Multhauf, Robert P. (1966). *The Origins of Chemistry*. London: Oldbourne. OCLC 977570829.
* Wellmann, Max (1928). "Die Physika des Bolos Demokritos und der Magier Anaxilaos aus Larissa". *Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse*. **7**. OCLC 10314574.


title: Viscount Clanmalier

abstract: Viscount Clanmalier, in the King's and Queen's County, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 22 December 1631 for Sir Terence O'Dempsey, Sheriff of Queen's County in 1591 who was knighted in 1599. He was made Baron of Phillipstown, in the Queen's County, at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. His grandson, Lewis, the second Viscount, joined the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and was consequently attainted with his titles forfeited. However, in 1662 he was restored to a third of his former estates and presumably to his titles. His son, Maximilian, the third Viscount, was Governor of King's County. It is believed that Terence O'Dempsey, the youngest son of Maximilian fled Ireland with his cousin Sir John Byrne to England. The actual velum title document still exists.

text:
# Viscount Clanmalier

**Viscount Clanmalier**, in the King's and Queen's County, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 22 December 1631 for Sir Terence O'Dempsey, Sheriff of Queen's County in 1591 who was knighted in 1599. He was made **Baron of Phillipstown**, in the Queen's County, at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. His grandson, Lewis, the second Viscount, joined the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and was consequently attainted with his titles forfeited. However, in 1662 he was restored to a third of his former estates and presumably to his titles. His son, Maximilian, the third Viscount, was Governor of King's County. It is believed that Terence O'Dempsey, the youngest son of Maximilian fled Ireland with his cousin Sir John Byrne to England ( The Four Masters) . The actual velum title document still exists.

## Viscounts Clanmalier (1631)


abstract: The Northern Ontario Secondary Schools Athletics (NOSSA) is the governing body for all secondary-school athletic competition in Greater Sudbury, North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie and the North Shore.

text:
# Northern Ontario Secondary Schools Athletics

The **Northern Ontario Secondary Schools Athletics** (NOSSA) is the governing body for all secondary-school athletic competition in Greater Sudbury, North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie and the North Shore.

## Mandate

The NOSSA mandate is to establish a closer relationship among the member schools of the Association and to encourage and promote sound interscholastic athletic competition among the students of the secondary schools of the member districts.

## Representation

NOSSA champions typically represent the region of northeastern Ontario in Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations (OFSAA) competitions.

## History

The first NOSSA Championship was in 1923, when North Bay Collegiate was crowned NOSSA football champions.

## Progression

* School wins SDSSAA championship: Advances to NOSSA
* School wins NOSSA championship: Advances to OFSAA


title: George Oros

abstract: George Oros is an American lawyer and Republican politician from Cortlandt Manor, New York.

text:
# George Oros

**George Oros** (born 1954) is an American lawyer and Republican politician from Cortlandt Manor, New York.

## Early life and education

Oros was born in Trenton, New Jersey, and moved to White Plains, New York, to attend college. Oros earned a Bachelor of Business Administration from Pace University and a Juris Doctor from the Pace University School of Law.

## Career

Along with practicing law as Assistant Town Attorney of Cortlandt Manor, Oros served for eight years, as the Assistant to the Director of Pace's Michaelian Institute of Suburban Governance. He is currently a partner in the firm of Brotman, Oros & Brusca, in White Plains, New York.

Oros began his career in politics on Cortlandt's Zoning Board of Appeals before being elected to the Town Board. In 1995, he ran for an open seat on the County Board of Legislators and he quickly ascended to the board's top position as its Chairman after only 9 months in office. When the Republicans lost their majority in 1999, Oros became the board minority leader. He sits on the Board of Directors of the Hudson Valley Hospital Center and also served on the Hudson Valley Gateway Chamber of Commerce's Executive Board.

In February 2008, he announced that he was a candidate for Congress against incumbent freshman Democrat John Hall in the traditionally Republican-leaning 19th congressional district. Several candidates entered the race, including Iraq veteran Kieran Lalor, MTA Vice-Chairman Andrew Saul, and former Congressman Joe DioGuardi. On May 22, 2008, Republican delegates from each of the five counties represented in the 19th district met in Mahopac, New York, to choose to endorse Lalor. Oros immediately vowed to stay in the race and mount a primary challenge to Lalor. Oros later suspended his campaign.

### Electoral history

Westchester County Legislator - District 1, 2007
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | George Oros (I) | 5123 | 51.5% | Republican **hold** |
|  | Democratic | Domenic Volpe Jr. | 4828 | 48.5% |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 1, 2005
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | George Oros (I) | 6225 | 54.5% | Republican **hold** |
|  | Democratic | Domenic Volpe Jr. | 5204 | 45.5% |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 1, 2003
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | George Oros (I) | 5529 | 100.0% | Republican **hold** |

Westchester County Legislator - District 1, 2001
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | George Oros (I) | 6397 | 86.8% | Republican **hold** |
|  | Green | Marilyn Ellie | 620 | 8.4% |  |
|  | Right to Life | James J. Hamilton | 353 | 4.8% |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 1, 1999
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | George Oros (I) | 5536 | 84.3% | Republican **hold** |
|  | Independent | Charles G. DiGiacomo | 767 | 11.7% |  |
|  | Right to Life | James J. Hamilton | 262 | 4.0% |  |

## InfoBox

| George Oros | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators
from the 1st district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1996  January 1, 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Timothy S. Carey |
| Succeeded by | John G. Testa |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1954
Trenton, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Marianne Baggini |
| Children | 2 |
| Residence(s) | Cortlandt Manor, New York, U.S. |
| Education | Pace University (BBA, JD) |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Wang Huo

abstract: Wang Huo is a Chinese novelist and screenwriter. Wang was a member of the 5th, 6th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

text:
# Wang Huo

**Wang Huo** (Chinese: 王火; pinyin: *Wāng Huǒ*; born 1 July 1924) is a Chinese novelist and screenwriter. Wang was a member of the 5th, 6th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Wang was born in Shanghai in July 1924, with his ancestral home in Rudong County, Jiangsu.

Wang started to publish works in 1943.

Wang joined the National Literature and Art Association in 1948. At the same year, he graduated from Fudan University. After graduation, Wang worked in Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions. He is a member of the Chinese Communist Party.

After the founding of the Communist State, Wang worked in Laodong Publishing House (劳动出版社) as an editor.

In 1953, Wang was transferred to All-China Federation of Trade Unions, he served as the chief editor of *Chinese Worker* (中国工人).

In 1961, Wang taught at a school in Linyi, Shandong.

Wang joined the China Writers Association in 1979.

In 1983, Wang was appointed an associate editor of Sichuan People's Publishing House (四川人民出版社) and the chief editor of Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House (四川文艺出版社).

Wang retired in 1987.

## Works

### Novellas

* *Right of Privacy* (隐私权)

### Long-gestating novels

* *War and People* (战争和人)
* *The Foreign Eighth Route Army* (外国八路)
* *The Biography of Jie Zhenguo* (血染春秋——节振国传奇)
* *Firelight in the Heavy Fog* (浓雾中的火光)
* *Xueji* (雪祭)
* *The Biography of Firefly* (流萤传奇)
* *Awakening to Truth* (禅悟)

### Short stories

* *Meteor* (流星)
* *The General Strike* (二七大罢工)

### Proses and poems

* *Xichuangzhu* (西窗烛)

### Screenplay

* *The Moon and the Sea* (明月天涯)
* *The Foreign Eighth Route Army* (外国八路)

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Wang Huo | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 王火 |
| Born | Wang Hongpu (王洪溥)
(1924-07-01) 1 July 1924
Shanghai, China |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Language | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Fudan University |
| Period | 1943–present |
| Genre | Novel, screenplay, prose |
| Notable works | *War and People* |
| Notable awards | 4th Mao Dun Literature Prize
1997 *War and People*
 |


abstract: History according to the Catholic Church is the theological interpretation of humanity's and Israel's past as recorded in the Bible, the present times, and the future of the world by the Catholic Church. It is not the same as a timeline of the Catholic Church or an ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church, but the church's perspective on history - in other words, a combination of Catholic origin myth and eschatology. In academic theology, the field of Church history develops and contributes to the Catholic Church's understanding of history. The church believes its foundation by Jesus marks the end-times, because Judaism believes that the messiah will come in the end-times. While the church accepts much of the Jewish interpretation of the Old Testament - the existence of God, divine inspiration, the exodus to the promised land, Babylonian captivity, etc. - the church does not agree with everything Judaism believes. The church interprets many scriptural events literally, applies the messianic prophecies to Jesus, and applies Jewish self-identity to the church. For example, where Judaism believes that the world was created for the sake of Israel, the church teaches that the world was created for the sake of the New Israel; and where Judaism is centered on God and his Torah, the church is Christocentric. This article divides Catholic perspectives into two pieces: official interpretations, as presented in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and unofficial interpretations, as presented by certain media.

text:
# History according to the Catholic Church

**History according to the Catholic Church** is the theological interpretation of humanity's and Israel's past as recorded in the Bible, the present times, and the future of the world by the Catholic Church. It is not the same as a timeline of the Catholic Church or an ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church, but the church's perspective on history - in other words, a combination of Catholic origin myth and eschatology. In academic theology, the field of Church history develops and contributes to the Catholic Church's understanding of history. The church believes its foundation by Jesus marks the end-times, because Judaism believes that the messiah will come in the end-times. While the church accepts much of the Jewish interpretation of the Old Testament \- the existence of God, divine inspiration, the exodus to the promised land, Babylonian captivity, etc. - the church does not agree with everything Judaism believes. The church interprets many scriptural events literally (whereas Judaism interprets them symbolically), applies the messianic prophecies to Jesus (whereas Judaism discounts certain scriptural verses as messianic prophecies and rejects Jesus' claims to messiahship and divinity), and applies Jewish self-identity to the church. For example, where Judaism believes that the world was created for the sake of Israel, the church teaches that the world was created for the sake of the New Israel (the church itself); and where Judaism is centered on God and his Torah, the church is Christocentric (since Christ is believed to be God and his Word). This article divides Catholic perspectives into two pieces: *official interpretations*, as presented in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and *unofficial interpretations*, as presented by certain media.

## Official interpretation

### Past

#### Pre-Creation

Before creation, God predestined Jesus and his whole life, the Virgin Mary his mother, the church, each person to enjoy the beatific vision, the universal destination of goods, and all of creation to be renewed. God did not predestine man to die, and "predestines no one to go to hell."

#### Creation

The world was created in a "state of journeying" to its predestined renewal, and its creation is the first step toward God making a covenant with his people. After the sin and fall of the angels, Satan tempts Adam and Eve to sin and fall; but God promises mankind a redeemer. God only permitted the fall of the angels and men to display his power and love. That said, the church interprets the creation accounts in Genesis symbolically.

##### Salvation history

Salvation history is the history of revelation. God progressively revealed to his people creation, himself and the resurrection. By his promise to Abraham to make him the father of believers, God redirects human history from death to life. By accepting God's promise, Abraham inaugurates the salvation history that will culminate in Jesus. The passover, the exodus from Egypt, the giving of the Torah, and the covenant with his people begin to fulfill God's promise to Abraham. Salvation history includes a number of blessings - the "birth of Isaac, the escape from Egypt (Passover and Exodus), the gift of the promised land, the election of David, the presence of God in the Temple, the purifying exile, and return of a 'small remnant'" - that reveal how, from the beginning to the end of time, God's work is a blessing.

###### Times of the promises and preparations

The times of the promises and preparations is the time when God promised to send his people a redeemer and prepared his people for said redeemer. God spoke through the prophets, who summoned his people to repentance, and, unlike the other mitzvot that were written by Moses, God wrote the Decalogue.

###### Fullness of time

The fullness of time is the time of fulfillment of God's promises to and preparations of his people. The Virgin Mary is the culmination of God's preparation of his people for the messiah via her Immaculate Conception, Perpetual Virginity, and becoming the Theotokos. The Annunciation inaugurates the fullness of time. The conception of Jesus in Mary's womb inaugurates the end-times and the messianic age.

###### Hour of glory

The hour of glory is the hour of Jesus and the hour of the New Covenant: the Paschal Mystery. The Paschal Mystery is historical, yet transcends time by being made present in the Eucharist. The descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost fulfills the Paschal Mystery and inaugurates the age of the church.

### Present

#### Age of the church

The age of the church is the age of the resurrection of Jesus and the age of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. The church is the beginning of the kingdom of God that will come in its fullness at the second coming. The second coming is hastened every time the Eucharist is celebrated, and every time a Christian prays for Jesus to come and lives according to the mind of Jesus. The Assumption of Mary is an anticipation of the future resurrection.

### Future

#### Signs that proceed the second coming

The second coming is suspended until Jesus is recognized by "all of Israel," and until the church undergoes a final test by the antichrist.

##### Sign of the antichrist

The antichrist will be the supreme pseudo-messianism that claims to solve everyone's problems at the cost of apostasy. It will cause the final persecution of the church. The antichrist is foreshadowed throughout history by secular messianisms and millenarianism.

#### Second coming of Jesus

The second coming of Jesus will happen on the last day. It will bring about the resurrection and judgment of mankind. The judgment of mankind will reveal each person's good and evil deeds and will reveal the ultimate meaning of history and creation, how God led everything to its goal, and how God's justice surpasses every injustice and God's love surpasses death.

## Unofficial interpretation

### Past

#### Calculation of creation and Christmas

The Anno Mundi is sometimes used by Catholics to determine the date of Christmas.

#### Deicide

Jewish deicide is not accepted by the church. The church teaches that not Jews, but all sinners, are "the authors and the ministers" of Jesus' passion and death.

### Present

#### Chastisement

Certain alleged private revelations, such as Our Lady of Akita and Our Lady of Medjugorje, claim mankind is undergoing a chastisement for its sins.

#### Six Ages of the World

Augustine of Hippo believed the world is divided into six ages, with the fifth age being the contemporary age and the sixth age beginning at the second coming.

### Future

#### Signs that will proceed the second coming

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, Judgment Day will be proceeded by the return of Elijah and Enoch, a number of natural disasters, and a supernatural fire that will renew creation.

#### Identity of the antichrist

Some church fathers, such as Irenaeus and Hippolytus, taught that the Antichrist will be a Jew from the tribe of Dan. Thomas Ice argues that the Antichrist will be a gentile.


title: Notocrater pustulosus

abstract: Notocrater pustulosus is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudococculinidae, the false limpets.

text:
# Notocrater pustulosus

***Notocrater pustulosus*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudococculinidae, the false limpets.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Japan.

* Thiele J. (1925). Gastropoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. II Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899. 17(2): 35-382, pls 13-46
* Habe T. (1958). Descriptions of ten new gastropod species. Venus. 20(1): 32-42

## InfoBox

| *Notocrater pustulosus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Lepetellida |
| Superfamily: | Lepetelloidea |
| Family: | Pseudococculinidae |
| Genus: | *Notocrater* |
| Species: | ***N. pustulosus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Notocrater pustulosus***<br>(Thiele, 1925) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cocculina pustulosa* Thiele, 1925 (original combination) * *Notocrater minutus* (Habe, 1958) * *Punctolepeta minuta* Habe, 1958 (original combination) | |


title: Troides amphrysus

abstract: Troides amphrysus, the Malay birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly in the genus Troides in the family Papilionidae.

text:
# Troides amphrysus

***Troides amphrysus***, the **Malay birdwing**, is a birdwing butterfly in the genus *Troides* in the family Papilionidae.

## Taxonomy

### Subspecies

*Troides amphrysus* is a member of the *Troides amphrysus* species group. The members of this clade are:

## Description

**Male**. The uppersides of the forewings are black or dark brown, with veins bordered by pale yellow. The uppersides of the hindwings are golden yellow, with black veins and black spots at the edges.

**Female**. The basic colour of the females is black or dark brown, with veins bordered by white. The uppersides of the hindwings have a smaller golden-yellow area at the base and several yellow spots at the edges.

In both sexes the undersides are similar to the uppersides. The abdomen is yellow, while the head and thorax are black.

## Life history

The egg is large and round and a pearly colour. Eggs are deposited on the food plant and the incubation period is two weeks. The first instar larva is black and bears numerous orange tubercles with short, black, branched spines. The intermediate instars 2, 3 and 4 are black. The thoracic segments have eight tubercles and the abdominal segments have six each. These are fleshy and lack spines. The dorsal tubercles of the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and the 7th abdominal segments, are black. All the other tubercles are bright orange. In the penultimate and final instars the head is black and the thorax and abdomen is dark coffee brown. There is no saddle mark in this species. The tubercles are largely uniform in size, shape and of the ground colour. They are incline posteriorly and the apices are bent forwards to form small hooks. This species is not monophagous. The larvae feed on *Aristolochia* \- *A. acuminata* and *A. foveolata* and on various *Thottea* species.

The pupa is yellowish green and is marked with greyish veins as in a leaf. It has a broad dorsal saddle mark, this is lemon yellow transversely marked with brown streaks. The abdomen has three pairs of sharp dorsal processes, directed laterally. The pupal stage lasts from 27 to 30 days.

## Distribution and habitat

This species can be found in the Australasian realm and in the Indomalayan realm, from Myanmar to Indonesia. The habitat is primary and secondary rainforest.

## Behaviour

In the morning the butterflies fly at 20 to 30 m high in the canopy. Females rest on the foliage, while males glide in broad circles above them. The males perform an elaborate quivering courtship display several metres above the females, before copulation. Later in the day both sexes descend to feed on flowering trees and bushes including *Lantana*.

## InfoBox

| Malay birdwing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male, upperside | |
|  | |
| Female | |
| Conservation status | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | *Troides* |
| Species: | ***T. amphrysus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Troides amphrysus***<br>(Cramer, 1779) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Papilio amphrysus* Cramer, \[1779\] * *Ornithoptera ruficollis* Butler, 1879 * *Ornithoptera euthydemus* Fruhstorfer, 1913 * *Ornithoptera flavicollis* Druce, 1873 * *Ornithoptera olympia* Honrath, 1891 | |