title: Mickey Mouse Magazine

abstract: Mickey Mouse Magazine is an American Disney comics publication that preceded the popular 1940 anthology comic book Walt Disney's Comics and Stories. There were three versions of the title – two promotional giveaway magazines published from 1933 to 1935, and a newsstand magazine published from 1935 to 1940. The publication gradually evolved from a 16-page booklet of illustrated text stories and single-page comic panels into a 64-page comic book featuring reprints of the Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck comic strips. The first version of the magazine was founded by Kay Kamen, the merchandising representative for Walt Disney Enterprises, and was given away by department stores and movie theaters that promoted Disney products. Nine issues were printed between January and September 1933. In November 1933, the second version was launched as a promotional giveaway for local dairies, edited by United Artists publicist and gag writer Hal Horne. 24 issues were published, until October 1935. In summer 1935, the third Mickey Mouse Magazine was published by Horne, with the support of Kamen and Walt Disney Enterprises. This was a full-size newsstand magazine of short stories, poems, puzzles and comic panels, which promoted Disney films, cartoons and products. In the magazine's first year, Horne went into debt and had to turn the magazine over to Kamen, who continued the publication. In 1937, Kamen went into partnership with Western Printing and Lithographing Company, who evolved the magazine's content and format over several years into its final form, Walt Disney's Comics and Stories, which became one of the best-selling comic books of all time.

text:
# Mickey Mouse Magazine

***Mickey Mouse Magazine*** is an American Disney comics publication that preceded the popular 1940 anthology comic book *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories*. There were three versions of the title – two promotional giveaway magazines published from 1933 to 1935, and a newsstand magazine published from 1935 to 1940. The publication gradually evolved from a 16-page booklet of illustrated text stories and single-page comic panels into a 64-page comic book featuring reprints of the *Mickey Mouse* and *Donald Duck* comic strips.

The first version of the magazine was founded by Kay Kamen, the merchandising representative for Walt Disney Enterprises, and was given away by department stores and movie theaters that promoted Disney products. Nine issues were printed between January and September 1933. In November 1933, the second version was launched as a promotional giveaway for local dairies, edited by United Artists publicist and gag writer Hal Horne. 24 issues were published, until October 1935.

In summer 1935, the third *Mickey Mouse Magazine* was published by Horne, with the support of Kamen and Walt Disney Enterprises. This was a full-size newsstand magazine of short stories, poems, puzzles and comic panels, which promoted Disney films, cartoons and products. In the magazine's first year, Horne went into debt and had to turn the magazine over to Kamen, who continued the publication. In 1937, Kamen went into partnership with Western Printing and Lithographing Company, who evolved the magazine's content and format over several years into its final form, *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories*, which became one of the best-selling comic books of all time.

## 1st series (1933)

In 1932, Kay Kamen became the merchandising representative for Walt Disney Enterprises. In January 1933, he and business partner Streeter Blair (as Kamen-Blair) launched the first version of *Mickey Mouse Magazine*. The publication was a 16-page digest-sized booklet with a two-color cover printed in black and red, with a black-and-white interior. The first two issues were priced five cents, but most were probably given away for free, and the price disappeared from the cover with issue #3. Rather than a money-making venture, the magazine was intended to be a tool to lure children and their parents into "Official" Mickey Mouse stores, and movie theaters that promoted Disney cartoons. Nine issues were published between January and September 1933.

Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse appeared on the cover, sometimes accompanied by the dog Pluto and their friends Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow. The first issue's cover was drawn by Kamen staff artist John Stanley.

The first issue begins with an editor's message "written" by Mickey: "I am Mickey. I put my picture on this page so that you will know what I look like the next time you see me at the movies. I am the one with the little shoes and mouth-um-um-um-um; um-um-um-um."

In the first issue, Mickey introduces "the Official Mickey Mouse Password", which was: *Spingle Bell! Chicko!* This "password" was used throughout the magazine's run. To mark a noteworthy event – the doing of a good deed, or a new product line – the letter "K" was added to the end of the password. For example, an advertisement on the back cover of the first issue announces, "Minnie Mouse Says: These cute wool jerseys are 'Spingle-Bell Chicko-K'". To promote the password, a pinback button was given away at stores and theaters adorned with the picture of Mickey Mouse and the words "Spingle-Bell-Chicko-K".

There are five pages in the first issue that are essentially a spot illustration of Mickey Mouse, and a string of nonsense text: the introduction, the following page where Mickey throws a punch at a framed photograph of Walt Disney, and three pages headlined "Sneezes and Cheeses", "All About What!" and "Where All About It!" There are two pages with short comic strips – one about Minnie asking Mickey to sing a song, and another about Mickey, a porcupine and an apple tree. There is a two-page text story by Minnie about her adventures skiing, with illustrations of her and Horace on skis, and a two-page story by "Ruffles" about cats and the moon. The first issue was reprinted in its entirety in February 1996 in *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories* #601.

## 2nd series (1933–1935)

The first version of *Mickey Mouse Magazine* ceased publication with the September 1933 issue, and two months later, the second version launched in November 1933 as a promotion for dairies. The new series looked very much the same as the previous magazine, but had the name of a local dairy printed on the cover, and vigorously promoted the benefits of milk consumption. The magazine was distributed door-to-door by milk delivery drivers. 24 issues were published between November 1933 and October 1935.

The magazine was edited by Hal Horne, director of advertising and publicity for movie company United Artists, who began distributing Disney cartoons in 1932.

One of the key assets that Horne brought to the publication was the massive "gag file" – millions of jokes written on 3x5 cards – that he had been collecting for many years as a newspaperman, head of publicity of the Boy Scouts, film director and radio scriptwriter. In 1931, he began to file and cross-reference his collection, and by 1935, he had a staff to copy down and categorize jokes culled from magazines. He was reported to have the largest collection of jokes in the world. A 1936 newspaper article reported: "Horne's office, in a Fifth Avenue skyscraper, is probably the world's largest commercial gag factory. 6,000,000 jokes are housed in steel cabinets, all neatly filed, cross-filed and counter cross-filed. His storerooms are piled with magazines containing the earliest known printing of many of these jokes... Horne's clients are comic strip artists, stage, screen and radio comedians, playwrights, columnists, governors, senators, house organs and advertising agencies."

Horne's gag file gave the writers and artists of *Mickey Mouse Magazine* a trove of jokes to use. Unfortunately, that kind of material was only useful for short cartoon panels, and the comic pages in the magazine tended to be collections of puns and single exchanges, rather than stories. The ever-present dairy theme was also a limiting factor on the quality of the content.

On the plus side, this series of *Mickey Mouse Magazine* kept up with the evolving cast of Disney characters as they were developing in the cartoons and the *Mickey Mouse* and *Silly Symphony* comic strips. There were occasional one-page illustrated features telling the story of a contemporary Disney short, starting with the December 1933 adaptation of Mickey's *The Steeple Chase*. Donald Duck made an early appearance in a comic panel in the November 1934 issue, just a couple months after his first comics appearance in the *Silly Symphony* comic's adaptation of *The Wise Little Hen*. In the panel, Donald in his sailor suit leads a crowd of ducks, saying, "Quack! Quack! Drink lots of milk, Mickey! Quack! Quack!" Mickey, staring fixedly at a full glass of milk, says, "Now, that's what I call a wise quack!" Donald appeared on the cover for the first time in the March 1935 issue.

In addition, a 1934 issue of *Mickey Mouse Magazine* may have been the first licensed Disney product to use the name "Goofy" (initially, "Goofie") instead of the character's original name, Dippy Dawg.

That being said, the focus on milk was relentless. Comics historian Daniel F. Yezbick writes,

> "Many issues enjoyed seasonal or holiday themes including Mickey and his gang drinking milk with Santa Claus or New Year's resolutions to 'Drink four glasses of milk every day.' Poetic tributes to dairy culture were also prevalent as in the December 1934 Christmas edition, wherein Mickey declares, 'The Milkman is like Santa, / He also brings you cheer. / But Santa comes on Christmas Eve / And the Milkman comes all year!'"

The recurring feature "Gallery of Hollywood stars who Drink Milk" included caricatures of celebrities like Claudette Colbert, Clark Gable, Jack Dempsey, and Babe Ruth.

## 3rd series (1935–1940)

### Hal Horne (1935–1936)

Early in 1935, Horne talked to Kamen about publishing a magazine, which would be sold on newsstands. Horne would be the editor and publisher of the new magazine, and he resigned from United Artists to devote himself full-time to his publishing company, Hal Horne Inc.

This magazine, the third and final incarnation of *Mickey Mouse Magazine*, was a full-scale periodical, which debuted in summer 1935. (The magazine was dated "June-August 1935", and billed itself as a "summer quarterly".) The 44-page magazine was slightly larger than was usual at the time – 13¼ inches by 10¼ – and was priced at 25 cents. The new magazine had a full-color cover, and an interior color centerfold.

The first issue contained four two-page comic stories, *Now for School* and *Barnum and Gaily's Side Show* featuring Mickey, *The Fun Book Frolics* with Mickey and Horace, and *Pluto the Pup's Barkin' Counter* with Pluto. There were also several 3-page text stories ("Mickey and the Corn Storks", "Treasure Smile-land" and "Lost By a Hare", a retelling of the *Silly Symphony* short *The Tortoise and the Hare*) and 2-page text stories ("Professor Goof's Useful Inventions", "Mickey Mouse in Blunderland" and "Over the Mickeyphone"). The contents also included several joke and riddle pages, a coloring page, a dot-to-dot puzzle, a crossword puzzle, a "Let's Draw Minnie!" page, and a "Horacescope".

Comics historian Michael Barrier says that the magazine's content was poor quality from the start: "Although the *Mickey Mouse Magazine*, first under Horne and then under Kamen, generally resembled an established children's magazine like *St. Nicholas*, with a mixture of short stories, poems, puzzles, and drawings, the level of inspiration was low. The drawings, including those of the Disney characters, were often weak and even amateurish, the jokes lame, the stories pedestrian."

Horne was very enthusiastic about his new magazine's prospects for success, as he wrote to Roy O. Disney in May 1935:

> "Last week both Kay and I addressed two important gatherings. The first was a convention of the supervisors of the Interboro News Company – hundreds of men who supervise the trucks that sell to newsstands. This gathering turned into a tremendous clamor for more copies, all of them complaining that their respective allotments, based on 200,000-circulation, would hardly do. The same thing happened at the following convention of the heads of wholesale news companies, who came in from all over the East. They too maintained that 200,000 would hardly be sufficient for national sale and as a result of both these appeals I took a chance and ordered an additional run of 100,000, making the print order for 300,000 in all."

Adding to the print order turned out to be a mistake; Horne distributed 294,000 copies, but only 148,000 were sold.

The magazine became a monthly with issue #2, which was published in October 1935. For the second issue, the price dropped from 25 cents to 10 cents. The dimensions also shrank from 13¼ x 10¼ to a more typical 11½ x 8½. Horne remained optimistic, writing to Roy Disney in October 1935, "The actual net sales on the twenty-five-cent issue is, at this time, 150,000. On the second issue (October), they expect 200,000 net. The print order for November is 300,000." Horne's actual print order for #2 and #3 were 300,000 each; they respectively sold 124,000 and 135,000. Starting with issue #4, Horne started to reduce the print order to the low 200,000s, but the sales continued to fall gently into the low 100,000s.

### Kay Kamen (1936–1937)

By mid 1936, Horne was in financial difficulties, and asked Kamen to buy him out. Kamen reluctantly agreed, and Horne returned to the motion picture industry. Kamen sold a large number of excess copies of the early issues to foreign countries, which made the magazine profitable. In August 1936, Horne sold his gag file to Walt Disney for $20,000, which helped to recoup some of Horne's losses. Barrier reports:

> "Dorothy Ann Blank, who had been working for Horne, moved over to the Disney studio to help the Disney writers use the gag file. The gags, in dozens of categories bearing such titles as “Absent Minded,” “Dumb Dames,” and “Laziness,” seem to have been received by the Disney writers with a predictable lack of enthusiasm, even after Horne gave them a pep talk in November 1936."

Kamen's run of the magazine began with issue #10 (July 1936), under the company name "Kay Kamen Ltd". The artists who contributed to the magazine were from Kamen's staff, including John Stanley (who later became well-known for his work on the *Little Lulu* comic book starting in 1948), and Otto Messmer (well-known for his creation of *Felix the Cat*). The magazine printed some non-Disney material, including Messmer's strip *Bobby and Chip*, which ran from 1936 to 1938, and *Benny Bug*, which appeared in the magazine in 1936.

As 1937 approached, Kamen made changes to the magazine to boost sales as the market started to shift to comic books rather than children's magazines. On issue #15 (Dec 1936) and #16 (Jan 1937), he added two words to the masthead, and the title appeared as "Mickey Mouse in a Magazine". Starting with issue #16, the cover also bore the words "with COMICS", and Kamen finally introduced reprints of the Disney comic strips to the magazine; reformatted Sunday pages from Ted Osborne and Floyd Gottfredson's *Mickey Mouse* were introduced in issue #16, and Osborne and Al Taliaferro's *Silly Symphony* Sunday pages in issue #17 (Feb 1937). The "with COMICS" subheadline continued to appear on the cover up to issue #24 (Sept 1937). Most of the covers from 1937 to 1940 were provided by Disney Publicity Art Department staffers Tom Wood and Hank Porter.

### Western Publishing (1937–1940)

In 1937, Kamen went into partnership with Edward Wadewitz, founder of Western Printing and Lithographing Company. Western had been producing the popular *Big Little Books* series since 1933, which featured many Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck titles, and Wadewitz understood the characters' appeal. They formed the new imprint "K.K. Publications," which was owned 60% by Kay Kamen Ltd., and 40% by Wadewitz. Issue #21 (June 1937) was the first published under the new imprint; this was also the first issue to have half of the pages printed in color. By this point the circulation was around 45,000 copies a month.

The new collaboration brought an influx of Western-produced non-Disney content to the magazine, including adventure strips *Roy Ranger*, *Ted True* and the long-running *Peter the Farm Detective*.

The new regime also brought a new strategy, which was to promote the latest Walt Disney project on the cover. While the covers of the first 20 issues had featured the standard characters – Mickey, Minnie, Pluto, Donald and Goofy – issue #21 (June 1937) featured Elmer Elephant from the 1936 *Silly Symphony* short of the same name, issue #24 (Sept 1937) spotlighted the 1937 short *Little Hiawatha*, and issue #26 (Nov 1937) one of the Big Bad Wolf's little bad children, from the 1936 short *Three Little Wolves*.

Along the same lines, issue #27 (Dec 1937) began a four-part text/illustration adaptation of the upcoming feature film *Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs*, which went into wide release in February 1938. The *Snow White* characters appeared on the magazine's cover on issue #29 (Feb 1938) and #31 (April 1938), with Dopey appearing on his own on the cover of issue #33 (June 1938).

The magazine ran a similar promotion for Disney's 1940 *Pinocchio* feature, with a three-part adaptation beginning in issue #51 (Dec 1939). On that issue's cover, Mickey opens a door and welcomes Pinocchio, who waves hello to the readers. Pinocchio's friend Jiminy Cricket also appeared on the cover of issue #53 (Feb 1940). Other spotlighted cartoons included *Brave Little Tailor* (issue #37, Oct 1938), *Ferdinand the Bull* (#39, Dec 1938), *The Practical Pig* (#44, May 1939) and *Donald's Penguin* (#48, Sept 1939).

During the magazine's run, Donald Duck became increasingly popular, and his presence started to dominate the book. *Silly Symphony* Sunday strips featuring Donald were added to *Mickey Mouse Magazine* in issue #28 (Jan 1938). Comics historian Dennis Gifford says that as Donald's popularity grew, "Mickey's name was no longer the pulling power," and points out that the final four issues of *Mickey Mouse Magazine* only featured Donald on the cover.

### Transition to comic book

Changes in the children's magazine market began to affect *Mickey Mouse Magazine's* format in its final year. In the late 1930s, American comic books grew in popularity, with April 1938's introduction of Superman in *Action Comics* #1 regarded as the beginning of the Golden Age of Comics. The story/activity/gag panel format of *Mickey Mouse Magazine* was increasingly seen as archaic.

The magazine tried to keep up, introducing the first serialized reprint of a *Mickey Mouse* daily continuity (*Mighty Whale Hunter*) beginning in issue #41 (Feb 1939). Still, Barrier says, "Converting *Mickey Mouse Magazine* to a comic book might have seemed like an obvious and appealing response \[to the competition\]. But by mid-1939, two years after reprinted Disney comic strips began appearing in the magazine, they had never established much more than a toehold, usually taking up only five pages. Despite the occasional ballyhooing of the comic strips on the cover of the magazine, there was always the sense that its editors begrudged the pages given to them."

Issue #48 (Sept 1939) was the first issue to be published in full color, but the number of comics pages still remained the same, with the non-Disney text feature *Peter the Farm Detective* still in evidence up until at least issue #54 (March 1940). In issue #57 (June 1940), the magazine shrank to the traditional comic book size.

The final issue, #60 (Sept 1940), is seen as a "transition issue", in which the magazine became a full-fledged comic book, just in time for a reboot. The size doubled to 64 pages, the usual size of a comic book at the time, including 34 pages of comic strip reprints.

### *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories*

Starting with the October 1940 issue, the magazine was renamed *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories*, and started over with a new numbering system. The new title was suggested by Eleanor Packer, managing editor at Western's West Coast office. The publisher was still K.K. Publications, but by this time Western was the sole owner of the imprint. Western printed the magazine, and Dell Publishing (which had formed a partnership with Western in 1938) handled the management and distribution.

The new *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories* was 64 pages; in the first issue, 45 pages were reprints of *Donald Duck* and *Mickey Mouse* comic strips. The comic did still include a few pages of riddles, poems and a crossword puzzle, as well as three text adaptations of Disney shorts, but the era of the children's magazine was decidedly over.

In October 1940, the first issue of *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories* sold 252,000 copies, and within a few months, the comic began to increase its print runs by 100,000 or more each month. By issue #23 (Aug 1942), the comic was printing 1 million copies per issue. They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 (March 1946) and 3 million by issue #131 (August 1951). The magazine hit its peak circulation at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 (September 1952), and is regarded as one of the best-selling comic books of all time.

1. Becattini, Alberto (2016). *Disney Comics: The Whole Story*. Theme Park Press. p. 32-35. ISBN 978-1683900177.
2. De Wolf, Arthur. "The popularity of Disney comics and magazines around the world". *Disney Comics Worldwide*. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
3. Hamilton, Bruce (February 1996). "The Year That Was 1933: The One and Only Genuine Original Number One". *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #601*. Gladstone Comics.
4. Barrier, Michael. "Hal Horne's Gag File And the Birth of the Disney Comic Book". *MichaelBarrier.com*. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
5. "Mickey Mouse Magazine Giveaway #1". *Inducks*. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
6. "Mickey Mouse Magazine". *JB Beans*. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
7. Tumbusch, Tom (2014). *Tomart's Merchandise History of Disneyana: Disney Merchandise of the 1930s*. Dayton OH: Tomart Publications. pp. 78 & 124. ISBN 9780914293651.
8. Munsey, Cecil (1974). *Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles*. NY: Hawthorn Books. pp. 142-144. ISBN 0801521386.
9. "Joe Miller, Grandaddy of All Gagsmiths, Never Cracked a Joke in His Life". *The Galveston Daily News*: 15. February 9, 1936.
10. Yezbick, Daniel F. (2014). Booker, M. Keith (ed.). *Comics Through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas*. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-0-313-39750-9.
11. "Mickey Mouse Magazine Dairy Giveaway #13". *Inducks*. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
12. "Mickey Mouse Magazine Dairy Giveaway #17". *Inducks*. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
13. Kaufman, J.B.; Gerstein, David (2018). *Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History*. Cologne: Taschen. p. 74. ISBN 978-3-8365-5284-4.
14. "Mickey Mouse Magazine #1". *Grand Comics Database*. Hal Horne Inc. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
15. "Mickey Mouse Magazine #15". *Inducks*. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
16. "Mickey Mouse Magazine #24". *Inducks*. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
17. Becattini, Alberto (2019). "Black-and-White-Faced Multimedia Characters". *American Funny Animal Comics in the 20th Century: Volume One*. Seattle, WA: Theme Park Press. ISBN 978-1683901860.
18. Barrier, Michael (2014). *Funnybooks: The Improbable Glories of the Best American Comic Books*. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520283909.
19. Gifford, Dennis (1984). *The International Book of Comics*. New York: Crescent. ISBN 978-0727020017.
20. "The Golden Age of Comics". *History Detectives: Special Investigations*. PBS. Retrieved February 18, 2015. The precise era of the Golden Age is disputed, though most agree that it was born with the launch of Superman in 1938.
21. "Mickey Mouse Magazine #54". *Inducks*. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
22. *Walt Disney's Comics and Stories Archives Vol. 1*. Los Angeles: Boom! Studios. 2011. ISBN 978-1-60886-657-1.
23. Munsey, Cecil (1974). *Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles*. NY: Hawthorn Books. pp. 151. ISBN 0801521386.


title: Walter Bakouma

abstract: Walter Silva Bakouma Sitou, known as Walter Bakouma is a Congolese professional footballer. Currently, he plays in the Championnat de France amateur for SP MAZIERES. He played 11 games and scored 3 goals for the Congo national football team.Champions avec Sp Mazieres saison 2021-2022

text:
# Walter Bakouma

**Walter Silva Bakouma Sitou**, known as **Walter Bakouma** (born November 14, 1980, in Mvouti) is a Congolese professional footballer. Currently, he plays in the Championnat de France amateur for SP MAZIERES.

He played 11 games and scored 3 goals for the Congo national football team.Champions avec Sp Mazieres saison 2021-2022

## InfoBox

Walter Bakouma
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Walter Silva Bakouma Sitou | | |
| Date of birth | (1980-11-14) November 14, 1980 | | |
| Place of birth | Mvouti, Congo | | |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SP Mazieres | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2000–2002 | Calvi |  |  |
| 2002–2003 | Gap FC |  |  |
| 2003–2005 | USF Le Puy |  |  |
| 2005–2010 | Les Herbiers VF |  |  |
| 2017– | SP Mazieres |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1999–2004 | Congo | 26 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 22:04, 25 November 2009 (UTC) | | | |


title: Huancané Province

abstract: Huancané Province is a province of the Puno Region in Peru. The capital of the province is the city of Huancané.

text:
# Huancané Province

**Huancané Province** (from Aymara **Wanqani** , meaning "the one with big stones") is a province of the Puno Region in Peru. The capital of the province is the city of Huancané.

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Khawayuni at approximately 5,000 m (16,000 ft). Other mountains are listed below:

* Anta Waralla
* Apachita
* Aqu Aqu
* Awqani
* Chunta Salla
* Chuwallani
* Chhuqa Llusk'a
* Ch'illiw Tira
* Ch'iyar K'uchu
* Ch'iyar Salla
* Jach'a Waylla
* Janq'u Qala
* Janq'u Qullu
* Jaqhi Jaqhini
* Jichu Qullu
* Juri Quta
* Kiswar Qullu
* K'ank'a Qullu
* Laram Sillani
* Lawa Lawani
* Maych'ani
* Limani
* Llallawi
* Mullu Marka
* Muru Qullu
* Pichaqani
* Pirwa Pirwani
* Pukara
* Pura Purani
* P'unqu Pata
* Qillwani
* Qhilla Qhillani
* Salla Kunka
* Sillani
* Turini
* T'urpu Kunka
* Upa Uqhu
* Wallatiri
* Wara Qullu
* Waraq Tira
* Wari Muña
* Wayllani
* Wiluyu
* Wisk'achani

## Political division

The province measures 2,805.85 square kilometres (1,083.34 sq mi) and is divided into eight districts:

| District | Mayor | Capital | Ubigeo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cojata | Hector Exaltacion Montesinos Aliaga | Cojata | 210602 |
| Huancané | Alex Gomez Pacoricona | Huancané | 210601 |
| Huatasani | Miguel Condori Condori | Huatasani | 210603 |
| Inchupalla | Juan Sucasaire Aquise | Inchupalla | 210604 |
| Pusi | Elias Quiroga Gutierrez | Pusi | 210605 |
| Rosaspata | Clodoaldo Poma Castro | Rosaspata | 210606 |
| Taraco | Efrain Vilca Callata | Taraco | 210607 |
| Vilque Chico | Hilario Ramos Salluca | Vilque Chico | 210608 |

## Ethnic groups

The people in the province are mainly indigenous citizens of Aymara and Quechua descent. Aymara is the language which the majority of the population (53.26%) learnt to speak in childhood, 30.82% of the residents started speaking using the Quechua language and 15.70% using Spanish (2007 Peru Census).

15°12′08″S 69°45′41″W / 15.20222°S 69.76139°W / -15.20222; -69.76139

## InfoBox

| Huancané
Wanqani | |
| --- | --- |
| Province | |
| Huancané | |
| Location of Huancané
Wanqani in the Puno Region | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Puno |
| Founded | September 19, 1827 |
| Capital | Huancané |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Alex Gómez Pacoricona |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,805.85 km2 (1,083.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,809 m (12,497 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 74,542 |
| Density | 27/km2 (69/sq mi) |
| UBIGEO | 2106 |
| Website | www.mphuancane.pe.nu |


title: Perry-Spruill House

abstract: Perry-Spruill House, also known as Spruill House, is a historic home located at Plymouth, Washington County, North Carolina. It was built between 1882 and 1884, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, three-bay, Gothic Revival style frame cottage. It has a high hipped roof with intersecting cross gables ornamented with inverted fleur-de-lys sawnwork, a full-width front porch, pointed Gothic windows, and is sheathed in weatherboard. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Plymouth Historic District.

text:
# Perry-Spruill House

**Perry-Spruill House**, also known as Spruill House, is a historic home located at Plymouth, Washington County, North Carolina. It was built between 1882 and 1884, and is a 1+12-story, three-bay, Gothic Revival style frame cottage. It has a high hipped roof with intersecting cross gables ornamented with inverted fleur-de-lys sawnwork, a full-width front porch, pointed Gothic windows, and is sheathed in weatherboard.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Plymouth Historic District.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Perry-Spruill House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| Facade | |
|  | |
| Location | 326 Washington St., Plymouth, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°51′50″N 76°44′57″W / 35.86389°N 76.74917°W / 35.86389; -76.74917 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1882 (1882)-1884 |
| Built by | Joseph A. Latham |
| Architectural style | Carpenter Gothic |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000905 |
| Added to NRHP | April 25, 1985 |


title: Hey Little One (song)

abstract:
"Hey Little One", a song written by Dorsey Burnette and Barry De Vorzon, was initially recorded by Dorsey, released on May 2, 1960 on the Era label as the double A-side "Hey Little One"/"Big Rock Candy Mountain". "Hey Little One" reached number 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
Musicians on the recording include veteran session drummer Earl Palmer.

text:
# Hey Little One (song)

"**Hey Little One**", a song written by Dorsey Burnette and Barry De Vorzon, was initially recorded by Dorsey, released on May 2, 1960 on the Era label as the double A-side "Hey Little One"/"Big Rock Candy Mountain" (Era 3019). "Hey Little One" reached number 48 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart. Musicians on the recording include veteran session drummer Earl Palmer.

## Glen Campbell version

American country-pop music artist Glen Campbell covered the song for his Grammy-winning 1967 LP *By the Time I Get to Phoenix* and released it as the second single from the album. Campbell's more grandiose version reached number 13 on *Billboard's* Hot Country Singles chart and in February 1968 peaked at 54 on the Hot 100. The single also reached the Top Ten on the *RPM* Country Tracks chart in Canada. Campbell's follow-up LP *Hey Little One*, released in March 1968 just four months after its predecessor, also featured the track.

### Chart performance

| Chart (1968) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 13 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 54 |
| US *Billboard* Easy Listening | 20 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 2 |

## InfoBox

| "Hey Little One" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Glen Campbell | |
| from the album  *By the Time I Get to Phoenix* | |
| B-side | "My Baby's Gone" |
| Released | January 1968 |
| Recorded | August 29, 1967 |
| Studio | Capitol, Hollywood |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 2:32 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Songwriter(s) | Dorsey Burnette, Barry De Vorzon |
| Producer(s) | Al DeLory |
| Glen Campbell singles chronology | |
| "By the Time I Get to Phoenix"
(1967) "**Hey Little One**"
(1968) "I Wanna Live"
(1968) | |


title: North Pasco Island

abstract: North Pasco Island is a granite island, with an area of 28 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Pasco Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait off the north-west coast of Flinders Island in the Furneaux Group. It was previously used for sheep grazing.

text:
# North Pasco Island

**North Pasco Island** is a granite island, with an area of 28 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Pasco Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait off the north-west coast of Flinders Island in the Furneaux Group. It was previously used for sheep grazing.

## Fauna

Seabirds and waders recorded as breeding on the island include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher. Recorded reptiles are White's skink and white-lipped snake.

39°55′S 147°46′E / 39.917°S 147.767°E / -39.917; 147.767


title: Robert C. Gunning

abstract: Robert Clifford Gunning is an American mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, specializing in complex analysis, who introduced indigenous bundles.

text:
# Robert C. Gunning

**Robert Clifford Gunning** (born 27 November 1931) is an American mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, specializing in complex analysis, who introduced indigenous bundles.

## Education and career

Gunning was born in Longmont, Colorado, and attended to high school in his hometown. In 1947 he was admitted into the University of Colorado, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1952. For his graduate studies he went to Princeton University, where he earned his Ph.D in 1955 under Salomon Bochner with thesis *A classification of factors of automorphy*. He then taught at the University of Chicago and in 1956 as Higgins-Lecturer at Princeton University. At Princeton, Gunning became in 1957 assistant professor, in 1962 associate professor, and in 1966 professor. He was a visiting professor in São Paulo in 1958, Cambridge in 1959/60, Munich in 1967, Oxford in 1968, Boulder in 1970, and Los Angeles in 1972.

Gunning is known as the author of important books on functions of several complex variables.

From 1958 to 1961 he was a Sloan Research Fellow. He served as Princeton University's dean of the faculty from 1989 to 1995. In 2003 he received Princeton University's prize for outstanding teaching. For a number of years he was an editor for Princeton University Press and for the Annals of Mathematical Studies. He was also the editor of the collected works of Salomon Bochner. In 1970 he was an invited speaker at the International Mathematical Congress in Nice (*Some multivariable problems arising from Riemann surfaces*).

Among his doctoral students are Sheldon Katz, Henry Laufer, Richard S. Hamilton, Yum-Tong Siu, and Michael Eastwood.

In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Selected works

* *Analytic functions of several complex variables*. Prentice-Hall 1965.
* *Lectures on Riemann Surfaces*. Princeton University Press 1966.
* *Lectures on Vector Bundles over Riemann Surfaces*. Princeton University Press 1967.
* *Riemann Surfaces and generalized Theta Functions*. Springer, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete, 1976.
* *On uniformization of complex manifolds: The role of connections*, Princeton University Press 1978
* *Introduction to holomorphic functions of several variables*. 3 vols., Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole, 1990.
* *An Introduction to Analysis, Princeton University Press*, 2018.

Media related to Robert Gunning (mathematician) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Robert C. Gunning | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert Gunning in 2008 | |
| Born | (1931-11-27) November 27, 1931
Longmont, Colorado, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Colorado
Princeton University |
| Occupation | Mathematician |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Complex analysis |
| Institutions | Princeton University |
| Doctoral students | Richard S. Hamilton, Yum-Tong Siu |
|  | |


abstract: The Trapps Mountain Hamlet Historic District is located on the Shawangunk Ridge in Gardiner, New York, United States. It is a large area that covers the site of a settlement that thrived there from the late 18th to mid-20th centuries. Inhabitants practiced subsistence farming, making it one of the rare such communities in the East to have left any trace remaining. They supplemented that with a variety of other trades, primarily in the forest products industry, with most inhabitants gradually coming to work at nearby mountain resorts in the 20th century. The last resident died in 1956. Only foundations remain for most of the buildings, and only six remain standing. Those that do show a unique structural system that suggests an influence of the Native American tribes that lived in the area at the time it was settled. Today most of them are on protected lands in the area, with a few privately owned. In 2000 the area was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Trapps Mountain Hamlet Historic District

The **Trapps Mountain Hamlet Historic District** is located on the Shawangunk Ridge in Gardiner, New York, United States. It is a large area that covers the site of a settlement that thrived there from the late 18th to mid-20th centuries. Inhabitants practiced subsistence farming, making it one of the rare such communities in the East to have left any trace remaining. They supplemented that with a variety of other trades, primarily in the forest products industry, with most inhabitants gradually coming to work at nearby mountain resorts in the 20th century. The last resident died in 1956.

Only foundations remain for most of the buildings, and only six remain standing. Those that do show a unique structural system that suggests an influence of the Native American tribes that lived in the area at the time it was settled. Today most of them are on protected lands in the area, with a few privately owned. In 2000 the area was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

The Trapps historic district contains about 433 acres centered along the US 44/NY 55 highway and the Coxing Kill atop the Shawangunk in the northwestern portion of Gardiner, with some portions overlapping into neighboring Rochester. Most of that area is now reforested, part of the Mohonk Preserve or Minnewaska State Park Preserve, or privately owned. A network of hiking trails and unpaved carriage roads can be accessed from the two nature preserves.

The nearest large villages to the Trapps were New Paltz to the east and High Falls to the northeast. The mountainous topography of the area has been sculpted in large part by glacial action and stream erosion by the Coxing Kill and Peters Kill, which provided water and water power for the Trapps people. Over time, however, these two natural forces resulted in shallow, rocky soil, which helped to limit the hamlet's population.

The district's highest elevation is roughly 1,100 feet above sea level, falling to about 700 feet at its lowest point. Directly east are the Trapps and Near Trapps climbing cliffs, which face New Paltz and are managed by the Mohonk Preserve. The gap or notch between these cliff escarpments has provided access for traffics over the centuries, including the modern-day U.S. Route 44/55.

## History

During the colonial era, much of the northern Shawangunks were first partitioned into two land patents, the Groote Transport ("Great Transaction") Patent of 1730, and the Nineteen Partners Tract of 1770. These land patents covered most of the eastern portion of the colonial Town of Rochester and opened the way for settlement of the Trapps after the Revolutionary War. Early settlers moving up from the surrounding valleys were primarily of Dutch descent, with one or two families of English descent.

A will of the 1780s refers to a sawmill site later associated with the Enderly family. For about a century, Enderly families operated their farm, sawmill, and blacksmith forge on the Coxing Kill at the intersection of a centuries-old path and an unpaved colonial road. The Trapps hamlet itself grew along the Coxing Kill in the upper Clove, a Dutch word meaning cleft or valley.

Trapps families built homes of log, plank, and frame. A plank house is unique as a type of American vernacular architecture. It consists of vertical planks, or rough-cut thick boards, which were nailed together to form walls, raised in place, and connected at the corners with simple lap joints. There are no corner posts or studs. Planks and hand-hewn beams provided the basic structure or skeleton of the house. Due to the hamlet's isolation, a cultural lag existed there, with the Trapps people continuing to build log and plank houses through the 1800s.

Thin, rocky soil prevented the establishment of large farms in the Trapps. Families grew a few acres of corn, buckwheat, rye, oats, or potatoes; they kept a horse, cow or two, a handful of chickens, perhaps a few pigs. They supplemented their subsistence farm crops by selling butter, fruit, and eggs. Trapps men also shaved barrel hoops; peeled hemlock and oak bark for nearby leather tanneries; carved millstones from conglomerate rock; and burned charcoal. The Van Leuvens were a Trapps family widely known for burning Shawangunk charcoal.

Huckleberry picking was a major cash crop for the Trapps people from the 1800s to the mid-1900s. Families, from toddlers to grandparents, entered the berry woods from July to September, filling pails and buckets by the thousands. Pickers frequently set the woods on fire to create conditions more favorable to the berry's growth. At least one Trapps family spent summers in the vicinity of Sam's Point above Ellenville, where seasonal berry camps became popular after 1900.

By the 1840s, the Trapps hamlet was large enough to support its own one-room school, with one established in 1850. Seven years later, the New Paltz and Wawarsing Turnpike was built through the Trapps; present-day U.S. Route 44/55 follows much of the old turnpike route. Turnpike investors hoped to open up markets for products from the Catskills, but within a few years the turnpike went bankrupt. Still, it allowed increased traffic through the Trapps, and the hamlet grew to include a hotel, boarding houses, a store and a chapel. In 1887, Philip H. Smith noted these features in his book, "Legends of the Shawangunks." The 1880s and 1890s were the peak years of the hamlet when about 40 to 50 families lived in the Trapps.

In 1859, John F. Stokes established the first mountain inn and tavern at Mohonk Lake. In 1869, Quaker Twins Albert and Alfred Smiley acquired the property, expanded the inn into a mountain house-styled hotel, and began buying available land to provide a natural retreat for their guests. In 1879, Alfred left Mohonk to open his first of two mountain houses at Minnewaska Lake to the south.

These mountain hotels provided steadier employment for the Trapps people, even as many sold their land to the Smiley families at either lake. Skilled men were also needed to build the mountain houses, as well as a network of trails and unpaved carriage roads for guest use. The Trapps, the Clove, and neighboring sister hamlets provided that skilled labor.

The hamlet declined after 1900 as technological advances replaced mountain industries. Wooden hoops for securing barrel staves gave way to steel hoops; millstones bowed out to steel. About 1907, the Town of Gardiner abandoned part of Van Leuven Road, a main north-south route in the Trapps; the town could no longer afford its maintenance. Pandemics, such as the Spanish Flu of 1918, also reduced the population.

The construction of U.S. Route 44/55 in the late 1920s helped accelerate the decline of the Trapps. The new, paved highway bypassed the hamlet center and cut some properties in two. Many of the remaining residents sold out completely and moved to nearby villages, such as Ellenville, Walden, and New Paltz, where they found work and a better way of life.

Irving Van Leuven was the last Trapps resident to live the old ways. Born and raised in the Trapps, Irv lived in a house without electricity or running water until his death in 1956. Irv was the last in the Trapps to burn charcoal and shave barrel hoops, skills he had learned from his father and grandfather.

Another Van Leuven home, bought in the 1920s by Mohonk Mountain House, became part of the Mohonk Preserve later in the century. During the 1960s and for several decades after, members of the Appalachian Mountain Club leased this house, affectionately known as the Appy Cabin, as a base for rock climbing on the nearby cliffs. Recognizing the building's value, the Mohonk Preserve restored the cabin, renamed it in honor of its last resident Eli Van Leuven, and opened it as a historic structure.

The Mohonk Preserve also secured designation for the Trapps mountain hamlet as a historic district on the New York State and National Registers for Historic Places. In addition, Preserve staff has identified about 65 cultural and historic sites within the district, including cellar holes (stone foundations) of former buildings, water-powered sawmills, bridge abutments, stone walls, stone quarries, charcoal pits, and burying grounds (cemeteries).

The Smiley hotels at Minnewaska were bought by the Phillips family in 1955 but were closed down in the 1970s. Both hotels burned down, and a proposal by the Marriott Corporation to redevelop the area as a private resort and condominiums led to widespread opposition. As a result, New York State arranged for the Palisades Interstate Park Commission to buy the property and manage it as Minnewaska State Park Preserve, putting that section of the Trapps mountain hamlet into public ownership.

## Visiting the Trapps Mountain Hamlet

Eli Van Leuven Cabin. Built about 1889 in the plank house style, this is the only remaining building of the former Trapps hamlet on Mohonk Preserve land. The Preserve restored the cabin and opens it periodically for guided tours, which are announced on the Preserve's website.

The Trapps Mountain Hamlet Path leading to the Eli Van Leuven Cabin. Following the old Van Leuven Road, this path is accessed from the Mohonk Preserve's West Trapps Trailhead on U.S. Route 44/55. A guide to the path is available at the trailhead kiosk or from the Preserve's Visitor Center on U.S. Route 44/55. Along the path, visitors can discover the following:

\- An abandoned millstone quarry, where Trapps stonecutters once blasted out stone slabs to carve and finish into millstones.

\- An old bridge abutment, where a bridge once allowed people, horses, and wagons to cross the brook.

\- An old stone fence or wall, which served as a boundary or field marker. Ben Fowler of the Trapps owned this property of about 150 acres, keeping about a third as pasture and meadow, and a few acres in rye, oats, and buckwheat for family use.

\- Fowler burying ground, where Ben Fowler and other members of his family are buried, including several of his young grandchildren. The earliest headstone dates to 1866. At the end of the path beyond the burying ground is the Eli Van Leuven Cabin.

Visitors can also see remains of the former Enderly sawmill and farm, including the Enderly family burying ground, by driving west along U.S. Route 44/55 a short distance past the West Trapps Trailhead, and turning right onto Clove Road to the Preserve's Coxing Trailhead.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Trapps Mountain Hamlet Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Cellar hole of Davis House site, 2008 | |
|  | |
| Location | Gardiner, NY |
| Nearest city | Poughkeepsie |
| Coordinates | 41°44′0″N 74°12′51″W / 41.73333°N 74.21417°W / 41.73333; -74.21417 |
| Area | 433 acres (175 ha) |
| Built | 1790–1940s |
| NRHP reference No. | 00001275 |
| Added to NRHP | November 2, 2000 |


title: Proneomeniidae

abstract: Proneomeniidae is a family of uncommon molluscs in the class Solenogastres.

text:
# Proneomeniidae

**Proneomeniidae** is a family of uncommon molluscs in the class Solenogastres.

## Genera

* "Proneomeniidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Simroth, H. (1893). Aplacophora. In: Bronn, H. G.: Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. 3 (1): 128–233, pl. 1–4.
* García-Álvarez O. & Salvini-Plawen L.v. (2007). Species and diagnosis of the families and genera of Solenogastres (Mollusca). Iberus 25(2): 73-143

## InfoBox

| Proneomeniidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Proneomenia* species | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Solenogastres |
| Family: | Proneomeniidae<br>Mitchell, 1892 |
|
| Genera | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| Proneomenidae Mitchell, 1892 | |


title: Villanueva de Cameros

abstract: Villanueva de Cameros is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 18.44 square kilometres (7.12 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 102 people.

text:
# Villanueva de Cameros

**Villanueva de Cameros** is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 18.44 square kilometres (7.12 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 102 people.

## Demographics

### Population centres

## InfoBox

| Villanueva de Cameros | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Skyline of Villanueva de Cameros | |
|  | |
| Villanueva de CamerosLocation within La Rioja.Villanueva de CamerosVillanueva de Cameros (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 42°10′04″N 2°39′00″W / 42.16778°N 2.65000°W / 42.16778; -2.65000 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | La Rioja |
| Comarca | Camero Nuevo |
| Government | |
| Mayor | José Manuel Barrón Ariznavarreta (PP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.44 km2 (7.12 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 900 m (3,000 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 72 |
| Demonym | pirino(a) |
| Postal code | 26123 |


title: Georg Bohm (scientist)

abstract: Georg Bohm is a retired Vice President of Research and Technology for Bridgestone Americas noted for the development of electron beam pre-curing of elastomers.

text:
# Georg Bohm (scientist)

**Georg Bohm** is a retired Vice President of Research and Technology for Bridgestone Americas noted for the development of electron beam pre-curing of elastomers.

## Education

Between 1963 and 1967, he held scientific/academic positions at: the Max Planck Institute for Physical Chemistry in Gottingen, Germany, Seoul National University in Korea, the University of Bandung in Indonesia, and Northwestern University in Illinois.

## Career

* 1967 – Radiation Research Laboratories of Firestone Corp. in Westbury, New York
* 2005 – retired from Bridgestone Americas as VP Research and Technology
* 2010 – President of Appia LLC

Bohm's most cited work considered the effect on blend morphology of molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and composition for EPDM/BR blends.

## Awards


title: HD 86081

abstract:
HD 86081 is a yellow-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Sextans.
It has the proper name Bibhā, the Bengali form of a Sanskrit word meaning a bright beam of light. The star is named after the physicist Bibha Chowdhuri (1913-1991), who studied cosmic rays. This name was suggested in the 2019 NameExoWorlds campaign.
With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.73, this star is too dim to be viewed with the naked eye but can be seen with a small telescope. It is located at a distance of approximately 340 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +31 km/s.

text:
# HD 86081

**HD 86081** is a yellow-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Sextans. It has the proper name **Bibhā**, the Bengali form of a Sanskrit word meaning a bright beam of light. The star is named after the physicist Bibha Chowdhuri (1913-1991), who studied cosmic rays. This name was suggested in the 2019 NameExoWorlds campaign. With an apparent visual magnitude of 8.73, this star is too dim to be viewed with the naked eye but can be seen with a small telescope. It is located at a distance of approximately 340 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +31 km/s.

## Characteristics

The stellar classification of this star is G1V, which indicates this is a G-type main-sequence star that, like the Sun, is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is bigger and more massive than the Sun at 1.46 and 1.21 solar units respectively. The star is an estimated 3.6 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 5 km/s. It is chromospherically inactive, with no emission seen in the core of the Ca II  and  lines. HD 86081 is radiating 2.9 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,973 K.

## Planetary system

Monitoring of this star for radial velocity variations began in November 2005 and the first companion was discovered on April 17, 2006. This hot Jupiter is orbiting just 5,180,000 km from the host star and has an orbital period of 2.1 days, one of the shortest periods ever discovered by this technique. The separation of this exoplant is sufficiently low that it may have sped up the star's rotation through tidal interaction. HD 86081 shows no evidence of planetary transits in spite of a 17.6% transit probability. There is a linear trend in the star's radial velocity measurements that may be an indicator of additional unseen companions.

The HD 86081 planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **b / Santamasa** | ≥1.48±0.23 MJ | 0.0346±0.0027 | 2.1378431±0.0000031 | 0.0119±0.0047 |  |  |

## InfoBox

HIP 86081 / Bibhā
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Sextans |
|
| Right ascension | 09h 56m 05.91853s |
| Declination | −03° 48 30.3233 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 8.73 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | G1V |
|
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|
| B−V color index | 0.664±0.026 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +30.88±0.27 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −67.001±0.079 mas/yr
Dec.: 15.999±0.076 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 9.5928 ± 0.0509 mas |
| **Distance** | 340 ± 2 ly
(104.2 ± 0.6 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 3.86 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 1.21±0.28 |
| **Radius** | 1.46±0.14 |
| **Luminosity** | 2.941 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.25 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,973 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | +0.22 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 5.0 km/s |
| **Age** | 3.61±0.86 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| Bibhā, BD−03 2815, HD 86081, HIP 48711, SAO 137236 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Perry (given name)

abstract: Perry is a unisex given name.

text:
# Perry (given name)

**Perry** is a unisex given name.

## People

### Male

#### A-G

#### H-R

#### S-Z

### Female

## Fictional characters

* Perry Carter, in the British comedy *Kevin the Teenager* and related media
* Perry Cox, on the comedy television series *Scrubs*
* Perry Malinowski, in the film *Final Destination 3*
* Perry Mason, main character in works of detective fiction written by Erle Stanley Gardner
* Perry Rhodan, the titular protagonist of the German science fiction pulp magazine
* Perry White, Clark Kent's editor-in-chief at the *Daily Planet*
* Perry the Platypus, an anthropomorphic pet platypus of *Phineas and Ferb*
* Perry, the official mascot of the 2022 Commonwealth Games

## InfoBox

Perry
| Pronunciation | /ˈpɛri/ |
| --- | --- |
| Gender | Unisex |
| Language(s) | English |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | From the Latin language, related to Peregrine, meaning "traveler" or "pilgrim" |
| Region of origin | English language |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Perrey, Perrie, Perri |
| Related names | Perry (surname), Parry, Peregrine, Perdita |
| Popularity | see popular names |


title: Hey Love (Quadron song)

abstract: "Hey Love" is a song written, produced and performed by Danish duo Quadron. It was issued as the lead single off their album Avalanche. It peaked number eight on the Danish Singles Chart, and was also certified gold in Denmark. The song also did well critically. The music video premiered in April 2013.

text:
# Hey Love (Quadron song)

"**Hey Love**" is a song written, produced and performed by Danish duo Quadron. It was issued as the lead single off their album *Avalanche*. It peaked number eight on the Danish Singles Chart, and was also certified gold in Denmark. The song also did well critically. The music video premiered in April 2013.

## Production and composition

"Hey Love" was written by Ali Tamposi, Fraser T. Smith and Quadron, and produced by Smith and duo member Robin Hannibal. It is the only track on *Quadron* that was made with an outside producer, who was Smith, because the group wanted to create a different-sounding song from the other tracks on the album. According to Coco, "Hey Love" was inspired by Nina Simone's “See Line Woman”. The track was recorded at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles. Smith performed the piano, additional drums and percussion, while Hannibal played all the other instruments. It was engineered by Andrew Schwartz, Chris "Tek" O'Ryan, Kuk Harrell, Marcos Tovar and Steven Valenzuela, with Harrell handling production of Coco O's vocals. Manny Marroquin mixed the track with assistance from Chris Galland, Delbert Bowers and Robin Hannibal, and, finally, Manny Marroquin mastered it.

## Release and reception

"Hey Love" was first released for online streaming on 14 February 2013. It was later released to digital music retailers in Europe, Latin America, Mexico and Singapore on 1 March. It was issued as the lead single off Quadron's second album *Quadron*, where it was listed as the third track. A remix EP featuring remixes of the song by Classixx, Ryan Hemsworth, Sinden (DJ), Branko and Balistiq, was issued on 1 November. The single debuted at number 40 on the Danish Singles Chart, reaching the number eight spot and lasting on the chart for 26 weeks, and was certified gold by IFPI Denmark. It was the 32nd best-selling song of 2013 in Denmark.

Critics were favorable towards "Hey Love". Pitchfork Media writer Jamieson Cox said the song was "a display of both vocal power and chemistry, the perfect timing appropriate for a pair with years of experience together." Will Hermes of *Rolling Stone* said it "splits the difference between Adele and Amy Winehouse", and proved "Coco is far more than a hook queen."

## Music videos

"Hey Love"'s music video was filmed in Lakewood, Los Angeles. It premiered on 8 April 2013.

## Live performances

Quadron performed an acoustic version of "Hey Love" for the magazine *Elle* in May 2013. On 4 June, when *Avalanche* was released, the group were interviewed about the album at *Billboard* Studios, and performed "Hey Love" along with another song from the album, "Favorite Star".

## In other media

"Hey Love" was played in a season finale of the TV series *Mob Wives*. Anthony Jasmin performed "Hey Love" as their second song during the semi-final of the seventh season of the Danish version of *X Factor*Hey Love also features in "Greys Anatomy" - season 9, episode 18.

## Track listing

Digital download 1. "Hey Love" – 3:22

Remix EP 1. "Hey Love (Classixx Remix)" – 4:26
2. "Hey Love (Ryan Hemsworth Remix)" – 3:31
3. "Hey Love (Sinden Remix)" – 6:22
4. "Hey Love (Branko Remix)" – 4:22
5. "Hey Love (Balistiq Remix)" – 5:15

## Chart positions

### Weekly

| Chart (2013-2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 8 |

### Year-end

| Chart (2013) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 32 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 15,000^ |
| Streaming | | |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Platinum | 1,800,000 |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Worldwide | 14 February 2013 | Streaming | Vested in Culture |
| Europe | 1 March 2013 | Digital download | |
| Latin America | | | |
| Mexico | | | |
| Singapore | | | |
| Worldwide | 1 November 2013 | Digital download – remixes | |

## InfoBox

| "Hey Love" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Quadron | |
| from the album  *Avalanche* | |
| Released | 14 February 2013 |
| Recorded | Westlake Recording Studios
(Los Angeles, California) |
| Genre | Alternative |
| Length | 3:22 |
| Label | Vested in Culture |
| Songwriter(s) | Ali Tamposi, Fraser T. Smith, Quadron |
| Producer(s) | Fraser T. Smith, Robin Hannibal |
| Quadron singles chronology | |
| "Buster Keaton"
(2010) "**Hey Love**"
(2013) "Favorite Star"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Hey Love" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: North Patagonian Massif

abstract: The North Patagonian Massif or Somún Cura Massif is a massif in northern Patagonia located in the Argentine provinces of Río Negro and Chubut. The massif is a plateau surrounded by sedimentary basins. The North Patagonian Massif covers an area of approximately 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). The massif rises 500 to 700 metres above the surrounding topography reaching a maximum of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level. Compared to neighboring areas, the North Patagonian Massif has thicker continental crust.

text:
# North Patagonian Massif

The **North Patagonian Massif** or **Somún Cura Massif** (Spanish: *Macizo Norpatagónico*, *Macizo Nordpatagónico* or *Macizo de Somún Cura*) is a massif in northern Patagonia located in the Argentine provinces of Río Negro and Chubut. The massif is a plateau surrounded by sedimentary basins. The North Patagonian Massif covers an area of approximately 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). The massif rises 500 to 700 metres (1,600 to 2,300 ft) above the surrounding topography reaching a maximum of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level. Compared to neighboring areas, the North Patagonian Massif has thicker continental crust.

## Stratigraphy

The massif consists of a basement formed by Cambro-Ordovician rocks, overlain by the Middle Silurian Sierra Grande Formation. The early Paleozoic section is covered by metamorphic and igneous complexes; the Permian Pailemán and Navarrete Plutonic Complexes, and the unconformably overlying Early to Middle Jurassic Marifil Volcanic Complex. The Marifil Complex is separated from the Paleozoic sequence by the Enjambre Dikes, dated to the Late Triassic with ages varying between 221 ± 12 and 207 ± 11 Ma.

The Cenozoic cover of the western belt of the massif comprises the Eocene to Oligocene Ventana and Ñirihuau Formations in the north and the Middle to Late Miocene Ñorquincó Formation in the south. The eastern belt of the North Patagonian Massif contains the Miocene (Colloncuran) Collón Cura Formation, the Miocene La Pava Formation, and the Miocene Chimehuín Formation in the northern part of the eastern belt.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| North Patagonian Massif Somún Cura Massif | |
| --- | --- |
| Massif | |
| Coordinates: 41°13′45″S 68°19′35″W / 41.22917°S 68.32639°W / -41.22917; -68.32639 | |
| Location | Patagonia, Río Negro, Argentina |
| Geology | Geology |
| Area | |
| Total | 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi) |


title: Robert Clouse (academic)

abstract: Robert G. Clouse was an American religious academic who was a professor at Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana.

text:
# Robert Clouse (academic)

**Robert G. Clouse** (August 26, 1931 – May 8, 2016) was an American religious academic who was a professor at Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana.

## Education and career

Robert G. Clouse was born in Mansfield, Ohio on August 26, 1931. He began his education at Ashland College and received his BA in history from Bryan College. He earned his BD from Grace Theological Seminary in 1957. Clouse was awarded his MA in 1960 and PhD in 1963 from the University of Iowa.

Clouse taught history at several colleges and universities, spending the bulk of his career at Indiana State University. He was visiting professor at the University of Illinois, Indiana University, and Juniata College, where he was the J. Omar Good Visiting Professor of Christianity.

In addition to his academic career, Clouse served as pastor of several Grace Brethren Church congregations in both Iowa and Illinois. He also led the congregation of the Brethren Church in Clay City, Indiana.

Clouse was considered a leading expert in millennial thought and eschatological studies, having presented over 18 major lectures, and written more than 5 books on the subject. His *The Meaning of the Millennium* (1977) was a best seller. His most recent book, *The End of Days*, published by Sky Light Paths in 2007, explores apocalyptic literature, Biblical and Hebrew scriptures, writings of the Church Fathers and radical movements throughout history. Included is an assessment of current popular literature on the subject, including *The Late Great Planet Earth*, and the *Left Behind* series.

In addition to his millennial studies, Clouse contributed articles and chapters in numerous books on Christian Church history, Renaissance and Reformation history, and war and peace studies. His most important work as a historian of Christianity was *Two Kingdoms: The Church and Culture Through the Ages* (1993), which he coauthored with Richard V. Pierard and Edwin Yamauchi. He was the author or coauthor of *Puritans, the Millennium and the Future of Israel* (1970), *The Cross and the Flag* (1972), *The Church in an Age of Orthodoxy and Enlightenment* (1980), *War, Four Christian Views* (1981) and *Women in Ministry, Four Views* (1989).

Clouse was a founder of the Conference on Faith and History, member of the editorial board of the Brethren Encyclopedia, and contributing editor of the New Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. He wrote and presented papers on a variety of subjects throughout the US and in Europe.

## Personal life

Having received a heart transplant in 1985 when the procedure was still considered quite risky, Clouse worked for organ transplant groups to encourage donation. His case was widely publicized in religious, as well as medical publications.

Clouse served Indiana State University in a variety of positions, including President of the Faculty Senate on four occasions. He received the ISU Faculty Distinguished Service Award in 2000, and the Creativity and Research Award in 1986. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Eugene V. Debs Foundation and received Indiana Heart Association Life Achievement Award in 1987.

Clouse died on May 8, 2016, at the age of 84.

## Select bibliography

* The Meaning of the Millennium, editor and contributor. (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 1977). Translated into German, Portuguese, Chinese, Spanish, and Korean
* Streams of Civilization, Vol II, co-author Richard Pierard. (Milford, Michigan: Mott Media, 1980)
* The Church in an Age of Orthodoxy and Enlightenment 1600–1800. (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1980)
* War. Four Christian Views, editor and contributor. (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 1989). Translated into German
* Women in Ministry, Four Views, editor with Bonidell Clouse and contributor. (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 1989). Translated into Portuguese and Chinese.
* Two Kingdoms, The Church and Culture through the Ages, co-authors Richard Pierard and Edwin Yamauchi. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1993).
* The End of Days: Essential Selections from Apocalyptic Texts Annotated and Explained. (Woodstock, VT: SkyLight Paths Publishing, 2007)
* “Johann Heinrich Alsted & English Millennialism”, The Harvard Theological Review 62 (Spring, 1969), pp 189–201.
* “Robert Owen and the Millennialist Tradition”, Robert Owen's American Legacy, ed. Donald Pitzer (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1972), pp. 43–56.
* “John Napier and Apocalyptic Thought”, The Sixteenth Century Journal Vol. V No. 1 (April, 1974), pp. 101–114.
* “Freud’s Psychohistory of Leonardo da Vinci: A Matter of Being Right or Left”, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. XIII No. 1 (Summer, 1982), pp. 3–16.
* “The New Christian Right, America and the Kingdom of God”, Christian Scholar's Review, Vol. XII, No. 1 (1983), pp. 3–16.
* “Premillennialist Christology, Nonresistance, and the Believer’s Church”, Restoration Quarterly 28 (Fall, 1986).
* “The Millennium that Survived the Fifth Monarchy Men”, ed. J. Friedman, Regnum, Religio et Ratio (Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth Century Publishers, 1987), pp. 9–30.
* “A Little Victory over Death, Reflections on Organ Transplants”, Christianity Today 32, 5 (March, 1988) pp. 17–23. Reprinted as “I Have Another Man’s Heart”, Catholic Digest 52, 9 pp. 40–45.
* “The Church of the Brethren and World War I: The Goshen Statement”, Mennonite Life Vol 45, No. 4 (December, 1990), pp. 29–36.
* “The Christian Hope: A History of the Interpretation of the Millennium”, New Testament Essays in Honor of Homer A. Kent, Jr., ed. Gary T. Meadors (Winona Lake, IN: BMH Books, 1991), pp. 203–219.
* “Slavery, Pacifism and War”, Nonviolent America, History Through the Eyes of Peace, ed. L. Hawkley & J.C. Juhnke (North Newton, KS: Mennonite Press, 1993), pp. 82–90.
* “Herbert Butterfield”, Historians of the Christian Tradition: Their Methodology and Influence on Western Thought, ed. M. Bauman & M.I. Klauber (Nashville: Broadman and Holman Publishers, 1995), pp. 519–531.
* “Evangelicalism Before and After the Scopes Trial”, Creation of an Evolving Controversy: A Symposium on the 70th Anniversary of the Scopes Trial (Dayton, TN: Bryan College, 1996), pp. 11–16.
* “Diversity, Christianity, and Higher Education”, Should God Get Tenure? Essays on Religion and Higher Education, ed. D.W. Gill (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1997), pp. 103–115.
* “Scholarship as Prophecy: The Beloved City of Johann Heinrich Alsted”, Habent sua fata libelli, Books Have Their Own Destiny (Kirksville, MO: Thomas Jefferson University Press, 1998), pp. 27–38.
* “Prophecy for the People: The Significance of the Eschatology of Hal Lindsey for the Believers Church”, Apocalypticism and Millennialism, Shaping a Believers Church Eschatology for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Loren L. Johns (Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 2000), pp. 342–353.


title: Amsacrine

abstract: Amsacrine is an antineoplastic agent. It has been used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

text:
# Amsacrine

**Amsacrine** (synonyms: **m-AMSA**, **acridinyl anisidide**) is an antineoplastic agent.

It has been used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

## Mechanism

Its planar fused ring system can intercalate into the DNA of tumor cells, thereby altering the major and minor groove proportions. These alterations to DNA structure inhibit both DNA replication and transcription by reducing association between the affected DNA and: DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase and transcription factors.

Amsacrine also expresses topoisomerase inhibitor activity, specifically inhibiting topoisomerase II. In contrast, the structurally similar o-AMSA differing in the position of the methoxy substituent group on the anilino-ring have little ability to poison topoisomerase II despite its intercalative behavior, suggesting that intercalation of the molecule in itself is insufficient to trap topoisomerase II as a covalent complex on DNA.

## InfoBox

Amsacrine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * US: a |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 96 to 98% |
| Elimination half-life | 8–9 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * N-(4-(acridin-9-ylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.051.887 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C21H19N3O3S |
| Molar mass | 393.46 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=S(=O)(Nc1ccc(c(OC)c1)Nc2c4c(nc3c2cccc3)cccc4)C | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H19N3O3S/c1-27-20-13-14(24-28(2,25)26)11-12-19(20)23-21-15-7-3-5-9-17(15)22-18-10-6-4-8-16(18)21/h3-13,24H,1-2H3,(H,22,23) Y * Key:XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| (verify) | |


title: Multiples (album)

abstract: Multiples is a studio album by American electronic musician Keith Fullerton Whitman, released on Kranky in 2005. Pitchfork placed it at number 36 on its list of the "Top 50 Albums of 2005".

text:
# Multiples (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 9.1/10 |
| *Tiny Mix Tapes* |  |

***Multiples*** is a studio album by American electronic musician Keith Fullerton Whitman, released on Kranky in 2005.

*Pitchfork* placed it at number 36 on its list of the "Top 50 Albums of 2005".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Stereo Music for Hi-Hat" | 2:49 |
| 2. | "Stereo Music for Serge Modular Prototype – Part One" | 3:36 |
| 3. | "Stereo Music for Serge Modular Prototype – Part Two" | 5:39 |
| 4. | "Stereo Music for Serge Modular Prototype – Part Three" | 1:54 |
| 5. | "Stereo Music for Yamaha Disklavier Prototype, Electric Guitar and Computer" | 10:08 |
| 6. | "Stereo Music for Farfisa Compact Duo Deluxe, Drum Kit" | 6:47 |
| 7. | "Stereo Music for Acoustic Guitar, Buchla Music Box 100, Hewlett Packard Model 236 Oscillator, Electric Guitar and Computer – Part One" | 5:29 |
| 8. | "Stereo Music for Acoustic Guitar, Buchla Music Box 100, Hewlett Packard Model 236 Oscillator, Electric Guitar and Computer – Part Two" | 10:32 |

## InfoBox

| Multiples | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Keith Fullerton Whitman | |
| Released | May 16, 2005 (2005-05-16) |
| Genre | Electronic |
| Length | 47:01 |
| Label | Kranky |
| Producer | Keith Fullerton Whitman |
| Keith Fullerton Whitman chronology | |
| *Schöner Flußengel*
(2004) ***Multiples***
(2005) *Twenty Two Minutes for Electric Guitar*
(2005) | |


title: Mid-Canada Corridor

abstract: The Mid-Canada Corridor is a strategic plan created by Canadian veteran and land-use planner Richard Rohmer, proposing massive development of Canadian land away from where most of the Canadian population is currently distributed. Intent for the plan was to develop Canada's access for extractive mineral industries distributed in currently inaccessible regions. The plan called for substantial government investment in transportation infrastructure, including a $0.7-1.2 billion investment in 3,000-4,100 new miles of rail. Original proposals highlighted future population centres of growth in Fort Smith, Flin Flon, Thunder Bay, Timmins and Labrador City. The plan was also developed in part to help facilitate population growth and immigration, with Rohmer suggesting Canada may see population growth of 100 million Canadians by 2070. Despite substantial initial interest from both public and private sectors, the plan was never implemented.

text:
# Mid-Canada Corridor

The **Mid-Canada Corridor** is a strategic plan created by Canadian veteran and land-use planner Richard Rohmer, proposing massive development of Canadian land away from where most of the Canadian population is currently distributed. Intent for the plan was to develop Canada's access for extractive mineral industries distributed in currently inaccessible regions. The plan called for substantial government investment in transportation infrastructure, including a $0.7-1.2 billion (1960s $CAD) investment in 3,000-4,100 new miles of rail. Original proposals highlighted future population centres of growth in Fort Smith, Flin Flon, Thunder Bay, Timmins and Labrador City. The plan was also developed in part to help facilitate population growth and immigration, with Rohmer suggesting Canada may see population growth of 100 million Canadians by 2070. Despite substantial initial interest from both public and private sectors, the plan was never implemented.

## History

The conceptualization of the "middle north" as a concept was largely originated by Laval academic Louis-Edmond Hamelin, who among contemporaries developed the concept of "nordicity", which measures an extent of cultural northerness and capacity to support human settlement. While this academic focus had a role in the precipitation of the plan, the focus on *development* of the middle north as a topic is largely attributed to the private efforts of Mr. Rohmer by academic B.G. Vanderhill in assessing the topic of Mid-Canadian development generally.

The plan was proposed by Richard Rohmer in approximately 1968. The plan was publicized through a series of conferences held by Rohmer's organizations, the Mid-Canada Development Corridor Foundation and Acres Limited. An initial conference was hosted at Lakehead University, with the Governor General and former Prime Minister Lester Pearson as supporters, with industry representation from Canadian Pacific and Canadian National railways, Air Canada and Bank of Montreal among others. A final report by 1971 was not well-received by new Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and implementation was not pursued.

## Legacy

While an initial report by Acres Limited suggested Canada may be receptive to planned communities in colder northern climates without arable soil, but as historian Ken Coates notes, the hope that large populations of Canadians may acclimatize to colder climates is a persistent obstacle to developing new northern population centres.

Canadian planner John van Norstrand notes that many of the proposed developments for resource extraction have developed of their own accord, albeit without large population centres developing in the way that Rohmer suggested.

The focus on northern development has not abandoned the idea of active government planning and investment however, with some academics and NGO analysts currently focusing on redeveloping a plan called the Canadian Northern Corridor, including new focus on integration with Indigenous rights, communities and wishes, as well as environmental concerns, which were all somewhat limited in original proposals.

The legacy is reflected in a 2017 report by the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce in the Canadian Senate, where current corridor plans still follow the Rohmer model. The report notes the success of the Australian Pilbara corridor as a success, with a highly similar approach to Rohmer and his associates.

## Proposed Developments

Developments were most comprehensively outlined within a document from Acres Limited, associated with Rohmer. The report outlined an evidence-based vision of development based on the then-availability of transportation infrastructure, climactic regions, soil quality and muskeg prevalence, mineral and water availability, hydroelectric potential and existing settlements, among others.

The project called for three new potential new road and rail corridors. The first and largest was in a more-or-less straight line from Thunder Bay to Whitehorse, with overlap in the area of Flin Flon, Fort McMurray and Fort Nelson. A second corridor would more-or-less follow the MacKenzie River from Hay River to Inuvik. A third would connect transportation infrastructure in Newfoundland across the Strait of Belle Isle, either sharing Trans-Labrador Highway some of the distance toward Labrador City before diverging to create a new connection, before turning southwest to meet existing infrastructure around Chibougamau. These proposals totaled approximately 6600 kilometers of development in either road and rail, or both. Estimates of cost of the most expansive transportation infrastructure scenario at that time were approximately $2.75 billion dollars, or approximately $22 billion in 2021 dollars. The report preferenced creation of a railway ahead of a transcontinental highway, given the affordances rail gives to industry. The report also seems to indicate that integration of the corridor with the Hudson Bay Railway and expansion of docklands at Churchill. The report predicted that air travel would form a component of the corridor, especially the use of short-takeoff small aircraft and helicopters, and was generally bullish on VTOL capabilities in aircraft, cargo submarines to bypass icepack, hovercraft development and in helicopter cargo capacity. The report mentions pipeline technology, but does not make specific calls for creation of pipelines. The report is silent on electric grid integration or hydro corridors.

The plan envisioned many smaller towns, but imagined large population centres in Fort Smith, Flin Flon, Thunder Bay, Timmins and Labrador City, as well as Whitehorse and the Noranda District/Val-d'Or. The report suggests that natural development will spring up around development of the infrastructure, but did call for some government role in designating sites. The report envisioned population increases of 500,000 in connection with the new population centres combined. The report indicated three models for construction, one including traditional government funded projects, a second of subsidies for private construction, and a third establishing a Crown Corporation to issue bonds and then construct government-owned but privately leveraged projects. The plan called for at subsidized incomes—at least initially, subsidized amenities, and making amenities readily available. This resident quality-of-life and financial incentivization was to be paired with industry incentives for creation. Envisioned cities in the corridor would be of high-density, modelled off of Swedish developments in Svappavaara and Kiruna, to maximize proximity to amenities, allow for centralized life-support, and maximize exposure to sun.


title: HD 85709

abstract: HD 85709 is a solitary star located in the equatorial constellation Sextans. It is faintly visible to the naked eye as a red-hued point of light with an apparent magnitude of 5.95. The object is located relatively far at a distance of 1,100 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements but it is slowly drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −0.66 km/s. At its current distance, HD 85709's brightness is diminished with an interstellar extinction of two-tenths of a magnitude and it has an absolute magnitude of −1.30. HD 85709 has a stellar classification of M2.5 III, indicating that it is an evolved M-type giant star. It is currently on the asymptotic giant branch, the point where it is generating energy via the fusion of hydrogen and helium shells around an inert carbon core. Having expanded to 133 times the radius of the Sun, it now radiates 1,918 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,622 K. HD 85709 is metal enriched with an iron abundance 1.58 times that of the Sun's. In 1991, astronomer V.G. Kornilov and colleagues observed that HD 85709 fluctuated between magnitudes 5.89 and 5.95 in optical light during a photometry survey. As of 2004 however, its variability has not been confirmed.

text:
# HD 85709

**HD 85709** (**HR 3915; 14 G. Sextantis; NSV 18292**) is a solitary star located in the equatorial constellation Sextans. It is faintly visible to the naked eye as a red-hued point of light with an apparent magnitude of 5.95. The object is located relatively far at a distance of 1,100 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements but it is slowly drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −0.66 km/s. At its current distance, HD 85709's brightness is diminished with an interstellar extinction of two-tenths of a magnitude and it has an absolute magnitude of −1.30.

HD 85709 has a stellar classification of M2.5 III, indicating that it is an evolved M-type giant star. It is currently on the asymptotic giant branch, the point where it is generating energy via the fusion of hydrogen and helium shells around an inert carbon core. Having expanded to 133 times the radius of the Sun, it now radiates 1,918 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,622 . HD 85709 is metal enriched with an iron abundance 1.58 times that of the Sun's.

In 1991, astronomer V.G. Kornilov and colleagues observed that HD 85709 fluctuated between magnitudes 5.89 and 5.95 in optical light during a photometry survey. As of 2004 however, its variability has not been confirmed.

## InfoBox

HD 85709
| Location of HD 85709 on the map (circled) | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| Constellation | Sextans |
|
| Right ascension | 09h 53m 42.92424s |
| Declination | +05° 57 30.8742 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.95 (5.89 - 5.95) |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | AGB |
| Spectral type | M2.5 III |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| U−B color index | +1.93 |
| B−V color index | +1.66 |
|
|
|
|
| Variable type | suspected |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −0.66±0.40 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −3.026 mas/yr
Dec.: +1.315 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 2.9474 ± 0.107 mas |
| **Distance** | 1,110 ± 40 ly
(340 ± 10 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −1.30 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Radius** | 133±7 |
| **Luminosity** | 1,918±144 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 0.469 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 3,622±125 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | +0.23 dex |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| 14 G. Sextantis, NSV 18292, AG+06°1262, BD+06°2224, GC 13608, HD 85709, HIP 48519, HR 3915, SAO 117975 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Nortel Discovery Protocol

abstract: The Nortel Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a data link layer network protocol for discovery of Nortel networking devices and certain products from Avaya and Ciena. The device and topology information may be graphically displayed network management software. The Nortel Discovery Protocol had its origin in the SynOptics Network Management Protocol (SONMP), developed before the SynOptics and Wellfleet Communications merger in 1994. The protocol was rebranded as the Bay Network Management Protocol (BNMP) and some protocol analyzers referenced it as the Bay Discovery Protocol (BDP). Four years later, in 1998, Bay Networks was acquired by Nortel and renamed it to Nortel Discovery Protocol. The IEEE 802.1AB or Link Layer Discovery Protocol that is supported on most Nortel equipment is a standards based (vendor-neutral) protocol that supports multi-vendor environments.

text:
# Nortel Discovery Protocol

The **Nortel Discovery Protocol** (**NDP**) is a data link layer (OSI Layer 2) network protocol for discovery of Nortel networking devices and certain products from Avaya and Ciena. The device and topology information may be graphically displayed network management software.

The Nortel Discovery Protocol had its origin in the **SynOptics Network Management Protocol** (**SONMP**), developed before the SynOptics and Wellfleet Communications merger in 1994. The protocol was rebranded as the **Bay Network Management Protocol** (**BNMP**) and some protocol analyzers referenced it as the *Bay Discovery Protocol* (BDP). Four years later, in 1998, Bay Networks was acquired by Nortel and renamed it to Nortel Discovery Protocol.

The IEEE 802.1AB or Link Layer Discovery Protocol that is supported on most Nortel equipment is a standards based (vendor-neutral) protocol that supports multi-vendor environments.

## Historical names

* Bay Discovery Protocol (BDP)
* Bay Topology Protocol
* Bay Network Management Protocol (BNMP)
* Nortel Management MIB (NMM)
* Nortel Topology Discovery Protocol (NTDP)
* SynOptics Network Management Protocol (SONMP)

## Further reading


title: Personal safety app

abstract: A personal safety app or SOS app is a mobile application designed to provide individuals with additional security and assistance in various situations. These apps offer a range of features and functionalities that users can utilize to enhance their personal safety. Common features include emergency alerts, location sharing, safety tips, SOS buttons, audible alarms, and community safety reporting. Users can employ these apps to quickly send emergency alerts, share their real-time location with trusted contacts, and access safety-related information and resources.

text:
# Personal safety app

A **personal safety app** or **SOS app** is a mobile application designed to provide individuals with additional security and assistance in various situations. These apps offer a range of features and functionalities that users can utilize to enhance their personal safety. Common features include emergency alerts, location sharing, safety tips, SOS buttons, audible alarms, and community safety reporting. Users can employ these apps to quickly send emergency alerts, share their real-time location with trusted contacts, and access safety-related information and resources.

## Features

While most personal safety apps are offered as freeware, some are either distributed as a freemium app with paid features which can be unlocked through in-app purchases, supported through advertising, or marketed as paid applications. These include various features, including sending text messages, e-mails, IMs, or even Tweets to close friends (containing approximate location,) or emitting a loud intermittent "shrill whistle" in the manner of a rape alarm. Additional features include geofencing and preventive alerts. Some apps allow to customize the alert message sent and the ringtone that signals the reception of a new alert.

They normally include different triggering mechanisms to cope with different emergency situations. Common triggering mechanisms include pressing and holding the phone's switch button for a few seconds, shaking the phone vigorously, tapping on an alert button, and even loud screaming sound which the app can detect. When the alert signal is triggered, these apps automatically go to work, sending text messages and emails with exact location of the user to emergency contacts listed on the app.

In April 2016, the Indian government mandated that all cellphones sold in the country must contain a panic button function by 2017, activated through either a dedicated button or pressing the power key three times.

## Security Concerns

Many users have expressed concerns about the safety of personal safety apps and have raised questions regarding how the data collected by these apps is processed and used. These concerns are often related to issues of privacy and data security. Users worry that the personal information, location data, and emergency alerts they share with these apps could be mishandled or accessed by unauthorized parties. Additionally there is a growing awareness of potential risks associated with the storage and transmission of sensitive data. As a result, some users are cautious about using personal safety apps and may choose to limit the information they share or thoroughly review the privacy policies and data handling practices of the apps the use. These concerns underscore the importance of transparent data practices and robust security measures within the personal safety app industry to address and alleviate user apprehensions.

## Inbuilt SOS Features in Mobile Operating Systems

In recent years, major technology companies like Apple and Google have incorporated inbuilt SOS features directly into their mobile operating systems. These features are designed to provide users with quick and efficient methods of seeking assistance during emergencies. For instance, Apple's iOS includes an Emergency SOS feature that allows users to rapidly call emergency services and notify designated contacts by pressing a specific combination of hardware buttons or using the device's touchscreen. Similarly Google's Android operating system offers and Emergency Information feature that enables users to input vital medical and emergency contact information accessible even when the device is locked. These inbuilt SOS features offer an additional layer of safety and convenience for users, complementing standalone personal safety apps and reinforcing the importance of technology in enhancing personal security.