title: Muay Thai at the 2019 SEA Games

abstract: The Muay Thai competition at the 2019 SEA Games in the Philippines was held at the Subic Bay Exhibition and Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines from 3 to 8 December 2019.

text:
# Muay Thai at the 2019 SEA Games

The **Muay Thai** competition at the **2019 SEA Games** in the Philippines was held at the Subic Bay Exhibition and Convention Center in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines from 3 to 8 December 2019.

## Participating nations

A total of 45 athletes from 7 nations participated (the numbers of athletes are shown in parentheses).

## Medal summary

### Medal table

*   Host nation (Philippines)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Thailand | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | Philippines* | 3 | 4 | 2 | 9 |
| 3 | Malaysia | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Vietnam | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 5 | Laos | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | Indonesia | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 7 | Cambodia | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 8 | Singapore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | | 9 | 9 | 18 | 36 |

### Waikru events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men | Philippines
Jearome Calica
Joemar Gallaza | Malaysia
Hatem Ramijam
Mohamad Ismail | Indonesia
Lorens Walun
Muhammad Uchida Sudirman |
| | | | Vietnam
Nguyễn Tăng Quyền
Nguyễn Trần Duy Nhất |
| Women | Thailand
Thanawan Thongduang
Ruchira Wongsriwo | Philippines
Rusha Mae Bayacsan
Irendin Lepatan | Indonesia
Novita Anggi Ayuni
Angelina Runtukahu |
| | | | Vietnam
Huỳnh Hà Hữu Hiếu
Trần Thị Lụa |

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 45 kg | Mohammad Masdor
Malaysia | Soulixay Singsavath
Laos | Kim Robert Miranda
Philippines |
| | | | Lê Hoàng Đức
Vietnam |
| 48 kg | Naruephon Chittra
Thailand | Zulhilmi Rosli
Malaysia | As Alexis Mayag
Philippines |
| | | | Him Koemrieng
Cambodia |
| 54 kg | Ariel Lee Lampacan
Philippines | Sakchai Chamchit
Thailand | Vann Voeurn
Cambodia |
| | | | Riedzwan Daud
Malaysia |
| 57 kg | Phillip Delarmino
Philippines | Nguyễn Doãn Long
Vietnam | Muhammad Vicky Muchlis
Indonesia |
| | | | Kay Ketnouvong
Laos |
| 63.5 kg | Norapat Khundam
Thailand | Ryan Jakiri
Philippines | Irvan Aji Maulana Putra
Indonesia |
| | | | Lao Chetra
Cambodia |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 45 kg | Ketmanee Chasing
Thailand | Islay Erika Bomogao
Philippines | Irsalina
Indonesia |
| | | | Phouthasone Keosayavong
Laos |
| 54 kg | Bùi Yến Ly
Vietnam | Jenelyn Olsim
Philippines | Nur Amisha Azrilrizal
Malaysia |
| | | | Lena Tan
Singapore |

## InfoBox

| Muay Thai
at the 2019 SEA Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Subic Bay Exhibition and Convention Center |
| Location | Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Zambales, Philippines |
| Dates | 3–8 December |
| Competitors | 45 from 7 nations |
|


title: Mulbagal Assembly constituency

abstract: Mulbagal Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Kolar Lok Sabha constituency.

text:
# Mulbagal Assembly constituency

**Mulbagal Assembly constituency** is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Kolar Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

### Mysore State

| Year | Name | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Until 1956: *Seat does not exist. See Mulbagal Srinivasapur* | | | |
| 1957 | B. L. Narayanaswamy |  | Independent |
| | J. Narayanappa |  | Indian National Congress |
| | | | 1962 |
| 1967 | | | T. Channaiah |
| 1972 | P. Muniyappa |  | Independent |

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | J. M. Reddy |  | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1983 | Beeregowda |  | Independent |
| 1985 | R. Venkataramaiah |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| 1989 | M. V. Venkatappa |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | R. Srinivasa |  | Janata Dal |
| 1999 | M. V. Venkatappa |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | R. Srinivasa |  | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| 2008 | Amaresh |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Kothur G. Manjunath |  | Independent |
| 2018 | H. Nagesh | | |
| 2023 | Samruddhi Manjunath |  | Janata Dal (Secular) |

## Election results

### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Mulbagal
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **JD(S)** | **Samruddhi Manjunath** | **94,254** | **53.40** | **+12.37** |
|  | INC | V. Adinarayana | 67,986 | 38.52 |  |
|  | BJP | K. Sunder Raj | 9,163 | 5.19 | +0.08 |
|  | AAP | Sangasandra Vijayakumar | 2,762 | 1.56 |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 922 | 0.52 | +0.13 |
| Majority | | | 26,268 | 14.88 | +10.79 |
| Turnout | | | 176,501 | 81.47 | +0.61 |
|  | JD(S) **gain** from Independent | | Swing |  |  |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Mulbagal
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **H. Nagesh** | **74,213** | **45.12** |  |
|  | JD(S) | Samruddhi Manjunath | 67,498 | 41.03 |  |
|  | BJP | Amaresh | 8,411 | 5.11 |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 646 | 0.39 |  |
| Majority | | | 6,715 | 4.09 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,64,490 | 80.86 |  |
|  | Independent **gain** from Independent | | Swing |  |  |

13°10′N 78°23′E / 13.16°N 78.39°E / 13.16; 78.39

## InfoBox

| Mulbagal | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 145 for the Karnataka Legislative Assembly | |
|  | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | South India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Kolar |
| LS constituency | Kolar |
| Established | 1956 |
| Total electors | 209,846 |
| Reservation | SC |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 16th Karnataka Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Samruddi Manjunath** | |
| Party | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| Elected year | 2023 |
| Preceded by | H. Nagesh |


title: Victor Negara

abstract: Victor Negara is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a defender for Moldovan club Spartanii Selemet.

text:
# Victor Negara

**Victor Negara** (born 14 July 1991) is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a defender for Moldovan club Spartanii Selemet.

## InfoBox

Victor Negara
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1991-07-14) 14 July 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Chișinău, Moldova | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Spartanii Selemet | | |
| Number | 21 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014–2016 | Speranța Nisporeni | 20 | (0) |
| 2016 | Victoria Bardar | 24 | (1) |
| 2016–2018 | Dinamo-Auto | 31 | (0) |
| 2019 | Zaria Bălți | 18 | (0) |
| 2019– | Spartanii Selemet | 31 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Villa Hidalgo (Tuzantán), Chiapas

abstract: Villa Hidalgo is a village in the municipality of Tuzantán, Chiapas, Mexico. As of 2010, the village had a population of 1,089.

text:
# Villa Hidalgo (Tuzantán), Chiapas

**Villa Hidalgo** is a village in the municipality of Tuzantán, Chiapas, Mexico. As of 2010, the village had a population of 1,089.

15°05′N 92°23′W / 15.083°N 92.383°W / 15.083; -92.383

## InfoBox

| Villa Hidalgo | |
| --- | --- |
| Villa HidalgoLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 15°05′N 92°23′W / 15.083°N 92.383°W / 15.083; -92.383 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Chiapas |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,089 |


title: Mr Price Group

abstract:
Mr Price Group is a cash-based fashion-value retailer, and is a public company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Established in 1985, the retailer has 2,543 stores which are mainly in South Africa, as well as online channels. The company operates through four segments: Apparel, Homeware, Financial Services and Telecoms. The company’s trading divisions are as follows:
  - Mr Price
  - Mr Price Sport – formed in 2006
  - Mr Price Home
  - Miladys – acquired in 1987
  - Sheet Street – acquired in 1996
  - Mr Price Money – formed in 2007
  - Power Fashion – acquired in 2020
  - YuppieChef – acquired in 2021
  - Studio 88 – acquired in 2022

text:
# Mr Price Group

**Mr Price Group** is a cash-based fashion-value retailer, and is a public company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Established in 1985, the retailer has 2,543 stores which are mainly in South Africa, as well as online channels. The company operates through four segments: Apparel, Homeware, Financial Services and Telecoms. The company’s trading divisions are as follows:

1. Mr Price
2. Mr Price Sport – formed in 2006
3. Mr Price Home
4. Miladys – acquired in 1987
5. Sheet Street – acquired in 1996
6. Mr Price Money – formed in 2007
7. Power Fashion – acquired in 2020
8. YuppieChef – acquired in 2021
9. Studio 88 – acquired in 2022

## InfoBox

Mr Price
| Traded as | (JSE: MRP) |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | 1985 |
| Founder | Laurie J. Chiappini and Stewart B. Cohen |
| Headquarters | Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
| Area served | South Africa, Selected Emerging Markets and Globally |
| Key people | * Mark Blair (CEO) |
| Products | Apparel, Homeware, Financial Services and Telecoms. |
| Number of employees | 25,000 |
| Website | https://www.mrpricegroup.com |


title: Mukuzani

abstract: Mukuzani is a dry red Georgian wine made from Saperavi grapes in Mukuzani, Kakheti. Mukuzani is distinct from the other wines made from the same grapes in that it is aged in oak casks for a longer time – at least three years. Mukuzani has a deep red color with a soft smoky scent of oak and berry. The taste begins dry but the oak and fruit flavors quickly come through. As a result of its longer aging, Mukuzani has more complexity than the other wines made from Saperavi grapes. It goes particularly well with steaks and dark meats. The matured wine contains 10.5–12.5% alcohol and has 6.0–7.0% titrated acidity. It has been produced since 1888. Mukuzani is considered by many to be the best of the Georgian red wines made from Saperavi. It has won 9 gold medals, 2 silver medals and 3 bronze medals in international competitions.

text:
# Mukuzani

**Mukuzani** (Georgian: მუკუზანი *muk’uzani*) is a dry red Georgian wine made from Saperavi grapes in Mukuzani, Kakheti. Mukuzani is distinct from the other wines made from the same grapes in that it is aged in oak casks for a longer time – at least three years.

Mukuzani has a deep red color with a soft smoky scent of oak and berry. The taste begins dry but the oak and fruit flavors quickly come through. As a result of its longer aging, Mukuzani has more complexity than the other wines made from Saperavi grapes. It goes particularly well with steaks and dark meats.

The matured wine contains 10.5–12.5% alcohol and has 6.0–7.0% titrated acidity. It has been produced since 1888.

Mukuzani is considered by many to be the best of the Georgian red wines made from Saperavi. It has won 9 gold medals, 2 silver medals and 3 bronze medals in international competitions.


title: Mukwa, Wisconsin

abstract: Mukwa is a town in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Northport, Ostrander, and Shaw Landing are located in the town.

text:
# Mukwa, Wisconsin

**Mukwa** is a town in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Northport, Ostrander, and Shaw Landing are located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33.1 sq mi (86 km2), of which, 31.4 sq mi (81 km2) is land and 1.7 sq mi (4.4 km2) (5.13%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,773 people, 998 households, and 788 families residing in the town. The population density was 88.2 inhabitants per square mile (34.1/km2). There were 1,088 housing units at an average density of 34.6/sq mi (13.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.81% White, 0.14% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 998 households, out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 16.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $51,953, and the median income for a family was $57,679. Males had a median income of $37,177 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,254. About 2.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Mukwa, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Mukwa, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 44°22′37″N 88°48′55″W / 44.37694°N 88.81528°W / 44.37694; -88.81528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Waupaca |
| Area | |
| Total | 33.1 sq mi (85.8 km2) |
| Land | 31.4 sq mi (81.4 km2) |
| Water | 1.7 sq mi (4.4 km2) |
| Elevation | 755 ft (230 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 2,773 |
| Density | 88.2/sq mi (34.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 55-55025 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1583769 |
| Website | http://mukwa.us/ |


title: Vietnamese cutia

abstract: The Vietnamese cutia is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Laos and Vietnam. It was long considered a subspecies of the Himalayan cutia, making the genus Cutia monotypic. In recent times, it is more often elevated to full species status. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forests. The Vietnamese Cutia is not considered threatened by the IUCN, but as its range is far more restricted than that of its western relative, it is classified as a Near Threatened species after the split.

text:
# Vietnamese cutia

The **Vietnamese cutia** (***Cutia legalleni***) is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Laos and Vietnam.

It was long considered a subspecies of the Himalayan cutia (*C. nipalensis*), making the genus *Cutia* monotypic. In recent times, it is more often elevated to full species status.

Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forests. The Vietnamese Cutia is not considered threatened by the IUCN, but as its range is far more restricted than that of its western relative, it is classified as a Near Threatened species after the split.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Vietnamese cutia | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Leiothrichidae |
| Genus: | *Cutia* |
| Species: | ***C. legalleni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cutia legalleni***
Robinson & Kloss, 1919 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Cutia nipalensis legalleni* | |


title: Villa Serbelloni

abstract: Villa Serbelloni is a villa in Bellagio, Northern Italy. Just behind the hill of the promontory into the lake of Como, protected from the winds, the villa dominates the town's historic centre. It can be reached from Via Garibaldi. It was built in the 15th century in place of an old castle razed in 1375. Villa Serbelloni was later rebuilt several times. In 1788 it came into the possession of Alessandro Serbelloni (1745–1826) who enriched it with precious decorations and works of art of the 17th and 18th centuries. Today you can visit only the gardens. On the inside, elegant halls with vault and coffered ceilings follow one another accurately decorated in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. All around, the park develops along most of the promontory of Bellagio with vast tracts of thick woods where the Serbelloni gardeners had traced paths which nowadays still lead the way amongst the small clearings and English style gardens. As noted by Balbiani, rather than being a garden, it is a real "wood, opened by spacious and comfortable paths, and plants with all generations of high trunk trees"; amongst which, oak trees, conifers, fir trees, holm oaks, osmanti, myrtles and junipers, "but above all trees, here situated is the pine tree, which, with its gnarled trunk acts as a screen against the storms". Occasionally, the vegetation thins out at panoramic points which overlook the two branches of the lake, offering a prospect from the slopes of the hill, where the rose bushes flower during the season. There is a winding path which goes up to the villa, also terraces and flower beds with yews and boxes trimmed geometrically. Along the upper part of the park is a long row of cypress trees and some palm trees. In 1905, the villa was transformed into a luxury hotel. In 1959 it became the property of the Rockefeller Foundation of New York at the bequest of the American-born Princess of Thurn and Taxis, who had bought it in 1930. Since 1960 the Bellagio Center in the villa has been home to international conferences housed in the former villa or in the grounds. In addition, outstanding scholars and artists are selected for one-month residencies year-round. In June 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy stopped at the Villa after his helicopter landed in the grounds on a visit to Lake Como.

text:
# Villa Serbelloni

**Villa Serbelloni** is a villa in Bellagio, Northern Italy. Just behind the hill of the promontory into the lake of Como, protected from the winds, the villa dominates the town's historic centre. It can be reached from Via Garibaldi. It was built in the 15th century in place of an old castle razed in 1375. Villa Serbelloni was later rebuilt several times. In 1788 it came into the possession of Alessandro Serbelloni (1745–1826) who enriched it with precious decorations and works of art of the 17th and 18th centuries. Today you can visit only the gardens.

On the inside, elegant halls with vault and coffered ceilings follow one another accurately decorated in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. All around, the park develops along most of the promontory of Bellagio with vast tracts of thick woods where the Serbelloni gardeners had traced paths which nowadays still lead the way amongst the small clearings and English style gardens.

As noted by Balbiani, rather than being a garden, it is a real "wood, opened by spacious and comfortable paths, and plants with all generations of high trunk trees"; amongst which, oak trees, conifers, fir trees, holm oaks, osmanti, myrtles and junipers, "but above all trees, here situated is the pine tree, which, with its gnarled trunk acts as a screen against the storms".

Occasionally, the vegetation thins out at panoramic points which overlook the two branches of the lake, offering a prospect from the slopes of the hill, where the rose bushes flower during the season. There is a winding path which goes up to the villa, also terraces and flower beds with yews and boxes trimmed geometrically. Along the upper part of the park is a long row of cypress trees and some palm trees.

In 1905, the villa was transformed into a luxury hotel. In 1959 it became the property of the Rockefeller Foundation of New York at the bequest of the American-born Princess of Thurn and Taxis (wife of Alessandro, 1st Duke of Castel Duino), who had bought it in 1930. Since 1960 the Bellagio Center in the villa has been home to international conferences housed in the former villa or in the grounds. In addition, outstanding scholars and artists are selected for one-month residencies year-round.

In June 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy stopped at the Villa after his helicopter landed in the grounds on a visit to Lake Como.

## InfoBox

| Villa Serbelloni | |
| --- | --- |
| Villa Serbelloni in Bellagio | |
| Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| General information | |
| Location | Bellagio, Italy |
| Coordinates | 45°59′13″N 9°15′49″E / 45.9869°N 9.2636°E / 45.9869; 9.2636 |


title: Multicinema

abstract: Multicinema is a Mexican movie programming cable television network owned by MVS Comunicaciones. The cable network was launched along with the wireless cable television company MVS Multivision, now called MASTV in Mexico City.

text:
# Multicinema

**Multicinema** (also known as **MC**) is a Mexican movie programming cable television network owned by MVS Comunicaciones. The cable network was launched along with the wireless cable television company MVS Multivision, now called MASTV in Mexico City.

## InfoBox

Multicinema
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Mexico |
| Broadcast area | Mexico |
| Headquarters | Mexico City |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Spanish |
| Picture format | 480i |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | MVS Comunicaciones |
| Sister channels |  |
| Links | |
| Website | www.multicinema.com.mx |


title: Village Cinema

abstract: Village Cinema is a Greek subscription movie television network. It started operation on June 11th 2012, broadcasting exclusively on Cosmote TV. Initially, it belonged to the Demco Group, and from November 2022 to the Antenna Group. The television channel specializes in programming centered on the film industry and the creative process of movie production. The channel commenced its transmission with the screening of the film Buried, which marked its debut on Greek television.

text:
# Village Cinema

**Village Cinema** is a Greek subscription movie television network. It started operation on June 11th 2012, broadcasting exclusively on Cosmote TV. Initially, it belonged to the Demco Group, and from November 2022 to the Antenna Group.

The television channel specializes in programming centered on the film industry and the creative process of movie production. The channel commenced its transmission with the screening of the film Buried, which marked its debut on Greek television.

## InfoBox

Village Cinema
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Greece |
| Headquarters | Greece |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Greek (only the advertisements)
English (with Greek subtitles) |
| Picture format | 16:9 (1080i, HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Antenna Group |
| Sister channels | Alpha TV
Cosmote Cinema |
| History | |
| Launched | June 11, 2012 |
| Links | |
| Website | Village Cinema |


title: Village Community Boathouse

abstract: The Village Community Boathouse is a Manhattan-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting rowing, boat building, environmental stewardship and human-powered recreational boating on the Hudson River and the New York Estuary. VCB is entirely run by volunteers and financed by donations and modest membership fees. The organization is the only one in New York City providing public rowing in the Hudson River. Free rowing session are offered usually two or three times a week, mostly in the warmer months from April to October, weather permitting. VCB is located within the Hudson River Park at the south side of Pier 40, which is at the intersection of West Houston and West Street. The boathouse also organizes and attends, chiefly for and with its members, rowing competitions and races. Youth and alumni races are held yearly in the fall. Once a year there is a Row Around Manhattan where most of their boats get launched and members and sponsors set out to circumnavigate the 30 miles around Manhattan. That events doubles as the annual fundraiser.

text:
# Village Community Boathouse

The **Village Community Boathouse** (or VCB) is a Manhattan-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting rowing, boat building, environmental stewardship and human-powered recreational boating on the Hudson River and the New York Estuary.

VCB is entirely run by volunteers and financed by donations and modest membership fees.

The organization is the only one in New York City providing public rowing in the Hudson River. Free rowing session are offered usually two or three times a week, mostly in the warmer months from April to October, weather permitting. VCB is located within the Hudson River Park at the south side of Pier 40, which is at the intersection of West Houston and West Street.

The boathouse also organizes and attends, chiefly for and with its members, rowing competitions and races. Youth and alumni races are held yearly in the fall. Once a year there is a Row Around Manhattan where most of their boats get launched and members and sponsors set out to circumnavigate the 30 miles around Manhattan. That events doubles as the annual fundraiser.

## History

Mike Davis was the founder of Floating the Apple, the first organisation dedicated to making the waters around New York City accessible to the public. The boathouse along with a few others grew out of his efforts. One of the leading members of the boathouse, Rob Buchanan, is quoted in Mr Davis obituary as saying: “Mike had a kind of Johnny Appleseed vision in which Floating the Apple would spawn a series of spinoff boathouses ....

## Programs

Among several youth and education related programs are the rowing and navigation classes that the boathouse offers in cooperation with the New York Harbor School for their students.

In addition to Pier 40, VCB also runs a public rowing branch in Prospect Park lake and since 2016 boatbuilding classes at Brooklyn Bridge Park during the summer months. In 2016 a 14-foot-long Whitehall rowboat was built in bi-weekly and weekend boatbuilding sessions.

## Recognition

The organization has been recognized with the 2014 Village Award by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation for “connecting us to the waterways – those vital waterways that are so important to the history and development of Greenwich Village and all of New York City. The Village Community Boathouse is awarded a Village Award for its unique and accessible way of connecting the Village to the Hudson River, and New Yorkers with our maritime history".

## InfoBox

Village Community Boathouse
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | VCB |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Founder | Mike Davis |
| Focus | Environmentalism, Education, Boat Building and Boating |
| Location |  |
| Coordinates | 40°43′42″N 74°00′48″W / 40.7284°N 74.0134°W / 40.7284; -74.0134 |
| Origins | Floating the Apple |
| Area served | Soho, Greenwich Village, Tribeca, Prospect Park, Brooklyn, and Brooklyn Heights |
| Members | Over 100 |
| Key people | Rob Buchanan, Sally Curtis, Dave Clayton, Frank Cervi |
| Website | villagecommunityboathouse.org |


title: Villanueva de Bogas

abstract: Villanueva de Bogas is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 805 inhabitants.

text:
# Villanueva de Bogas

**Villanueva de Bogas** is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 805 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Villanueva de Bogas | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Villanueva de BogasLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 39°43′N 3°39′W / 39.717°N 3.650°W / 39.717; -3.650 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Toledo |
| Municipality | Villanueva de Bogas |
| Area | |
| Total | 57 km2 (22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 652 m (2,139 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 728 |
| Density | 13/km2 (33/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Muller plot

abstract: A Muller plot, also known as Muller diagram, combines information about the succession of different operational taxonomic units (OTUs)—such as genotypes, phenotypes, or species—and information about dynamics of their abundances over time. Muller plots may be used to visualize evolutionary dynamics. They may be also employed in the study of diversity and its dynamics; that is, how diversity emerges and how it changes over time. They are named in honor of Hermann Joseph Muller, who used them to explain his idea of Muller's ratchet. In a Muller plot, the horizontal axis typically shows time or generations and the vertical axis represents relative abundances of OTUs. Different Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) are typically depicted using polygons or colored areas, with each OTU originating from the center of its parent area. This representation helps illustrate the evolutionary succession and relationships among different taxa. One difference between Muller plots and normal bar plots of abundances is that a Muller plot depicts not only the relative abundances but also succession of OTUs based on their genealogy, phylogeny, or parental relation over time.

text:
# Muller plot

A **Muller plot**, also known as **Muller diagram**, combines information about the succession of different operational taxonomic units (OTUs)—such as genotypes, phenotypes, or species—and information about dynamics of their abundances (populations or frequencies) over time. Muller plots may be used to visualize evolutionary dynamics. They may be also employed in the study of diversity and its dynamics; that is, how diversity emerges and how it changes over time.

They are named in honor of Hermann Joseph Muller, who used them to explain his idea of Muller's ratchet.

In a Muller plot, the horizontal axis typically shows time or generations and the vertical axis represents relative abundances of OTUs. Different Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) are typically depicted using polygons or colored areas, with each OTU originating from the center of its parent area. This representation helps illustrate the evolutionary succession and relationships among different taxa.

One difference between Muller plots and normal bar plots of abundances is that a Muller plot depicts not only the relative abundances but also succession of OTUs based on their genealogy, phylogeny, or parental relation over time.


title: Multiplex (assay)

abstract: In the biological sciences, a multiplex assay is a type of immunoassay that uses magnetic beads to simultaneously measure multiple analytes in a single experiment. A multiplex assay is a derivative of an ELISA using beads for binding the capture antibody. Multiplex assays are still more common in research than in clinical settings. In a multiplex assay, microspheres of designated colors are coated with antibodies of defined binding specificities. The results can be read by flow cytometry because the beads are distinguishable by fluorescent signature. The number of analytes measured is determined by the number of different bead colors. Multiplex assays within a given application area or class of technology can be further stratified based on how many analytes can be measured per assay, where "multiplex" refers to those with the highest number of analyte measurements per assay and "low-plex" or "mid-plex" refers to procedures that process fewer, though there are no formal guidelines for calling a procedure multi-, mid-, or low-plex based on number of analytes measured. Single-analyte assays or low-to-mid-plex procedures typically predate the rise of their multiplex versions, which often require specialized technologies or miniaturization to achieve a higher degree of parallelization.

text:
# Multiplex (assay)

In the biological sciences, a **multiplex assay** is a type of immunoassay that uses magnetic beads to simultaneously measure multiple analytes in a single experiment. A multiplex assay is a derivative of an ELISA using beads for binding the capture antibody. Multiplex assays are still more common in research than in clinical settings.

In a multiplex assay, microspheres of designated colors are coated with antibodies of defined binding specificities. The results can be read by flow cytometry because the beads are distinguishable by fluorescent signature. The number of analytes measured is determined by the number of different bead colors.

Multiplex assays within a given application area or class of technology can be further stratified based on how many analytes can be measured per assay, where "multiplex" refers to those with the highest number of analyte measurements per assay (up to millions) and "low-plex" or "mid-plex" refers to procedures that process fewer (10s to 1000s), though there are no formal guidelines for calling a procedure multi-, mid-, or low-plex based on number of analytes measured. Single-analyte assays or low-to-mid-plex procedures typically predate the rise of their multiplex versions, which often require specialized technologies or miniaturization to achieve a higher degree of parallelization.


title: Multiple units of Ireland

text:
# Multiple units of Ireland

A wide variety of diesel and electric multiple units have been used on Ireland's railways. This page lists all those that have been used. Except with the NIR Class 3000, the numbers given by each class in the lists below are those allocated to the coaches that make up the units in that class, otherwise, unit numbers are not used in Ireland.

## Republic of Ireland

Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), which controlled the Republic's railways between 1945 and 1987, mainly used locomotives and hauled stock for its passenger trains. What diesel multiple unit cars it did have were numbered in the 26xx series. Since 1987, Iarnród Éireann (IÉ) has been increasing the use of this type of train, to replace older locomotives and carriages. The only electrified railway network in Ireland is the Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) system, in addition to the Luas which runs on a separate network. Its fleet of electric multiple units are numbered in the 8xxx series.

Despite appearing to be a DMU (especially the Driving Van-Trailer end), the Dublin Cork service Mark 4 is an 8-car Push–pull train.

### Diesel multiple units

| Class | | Manufacturer | Date Built | Number Built | Withdrawn | Image | Scrapped |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AEC Class | Initial Order | AEC | 1951–1956 | 66 | 1987 |  | 65 |
| | GNR Order | | 1951–1956 | 10 | 1975 |  | All |
| | Bulleid Order | Inchicore Works | 1956 |  | | 1975 |  |
| BUT Class | | BUT | 1956–1957 | 12 | | 1972–1975 |  |
| 80 Class | | BREL | 1974 (Hired from NIR) | 3 | 1990 |  |  |
| 2600 Class (II) | | Tokyu Car Corporation | 1993 | 17 | *still in use* |  | 0 |
| 2700 Class | | GEC Alsthom | 1997–1998 | 12 | 2012 |  | |
| 2750 Class | | | | 2 | |  | |
| 2800 Class | | Tokyu Car Corporation | 2000 | 10 | *still in use* |  | 2 |
| 29000 Class | | CAF | 2002–2005 | 29 | |  | 0 |
| 22000 Class | | Hyundai Rotem | 2007–2011 2019– | 63 | | |  |

### Electric multiple units

| Class | Manufacturer | Year Built | Number Built | Withdrawn | Image | Scrapped |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Drumm Battery Trains | Inchicore Works | 1931
1938 | 4 | 1949 |  | All |
| 8100 Class | Linke-Hofmann-Busch | 1983–1984 | 40 | *still in use* |  | 2 |
| 8200 Class | Alstom | 1999–2000 | 5 | 2007–2008 |  | 1 |
| 8500 Class | Tokyu Car Corporation | 2000 | 4 | *still in use* |  | 0 |
| 8510 Class | | 2001 | 3 | |  | |
| 8520 Class | | 2003–2004 | 10 | |  | |

## Northern Ireland

The majority of passenger services in Northern Ireland have been operated by diesel multiple units since the mid-1950s (the major exception being the locomotive-hauled *Enterprise* service between Belfast and Dublin), under the tenure of both the Ulster Transport Authority (1948–1966) and Northern Ireland Railways (since 1967). From 2001, all items of rolling stock in use on NIR had 8000 added to their number so as to be part of the Translink number series, which incorporates their road vehicles. The 3000 Class stock are the first multiple units to be numbered from new in the Translink series. NIR purchased an additional 20 Class 4000 DMUs which entered service in 2011 and 2012.

NIR purchased a Windhoff Multi-Purpose Vehicle for use as the Rail Head Treatment Train, equipped to lay sandite and high-pressure water. The MPV was procured to replace a converted Class 80 unit.

| Class | | Manufacturer | Number Built | In Service | Withdrawn | Image |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AEC Class | GNR Sets | GNR Works, Dundalk | 20 Power Cars (10 After 1958) | 1950–1972 | 1972 |  |
| | UTA 6 & 7 | UTA Works | 2 Power Cars | 1951–1972 | |  |
| BUT Class | | GNR Works, Dundalk | 24 Cars | 1957–1980 | 1980 |  |
| MED Class | | NIR Works | 14 x 3-car sets | 1952–1978 | 1978 |  |
| MPD Class | | NIR Works | 2 x 5-car sets
10 × 3 car sets | 1958–1981 | 1981 |  |
| 70 Class | | NIR Works | 8 x 3-car sets | 1966–1986 | 1986 |  |
| Class 80 | | BREL | 2, 3, 4 or 6 cars per set | 1975-2017 | 2011 (passenger use)
2017 (departmental use) |  |
| RB3 | | BREL/Leyland | 1 x single car | 1981–1990 | 1990 |  |
| Class 450 | | BREL | 9 x 3-car sets | 1985–2012 | 2012 |  |
| Class 3000 | | CAF | 23 x 3-car sets | 2005-present | *still in use* |  |
| Class 4000 | | CAF | 13 x 3-car sets
7 x 4-car sets | 2011-present | *still in use* |  |

## Great Northern Railway (Ireland)

The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) straddled the border between the Republic and Northern Ireland, and so was not incorporated in either the CIE or UTA. However, mounting losses saw the network purchased jointly by the Irish and British governments on Tuesday 1 September 1953. It was run as a joint board, independent of the CIE and UTA, until Tuesday 30 September 1958 when it was dissolved and the remaining stock split equally between the 2 railways.

## Railcars in preservation

| Number | | Original company | In service | Preserved by | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | | Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway | 1947–1971 | Downpatrick & Co. Down Railway | Downpatrick |
| 6111 | | CIÉ | 1952–1987 | | |
| 450 Class | 458 | Northern Ireland Railways | 1987–2012 | | |
| | 798 | | | | |
| | 788 | | | | |
| Two–car 80 Class | 69 | | 1978–2017 | | |
| | 749 | || |
| Two–car 80 Class | 90 | || |
| | 752 | | 1979–2017 | | |
| RB002 | | British Rail | 1984–1990 | Riverstown Old Mill | Riverstown, Louth |
| Railcar 1 | | Northern Counties Committee (LMS) | 1933–1965 | Railway Preservation Society of Ireland | Whitehead |
| Railbus E | | Great Northern Railway | 1921–1965 | Ulster Folk and Transport Museum | Cultra |
| 1 | | County Donegal Railways | 1906–1956 | | |
| 10 | | | 1932–1959 | | |
| 12 | | | 1934–1959 | Foyle Valley Railway | Derry |
| 15 | | | 1936–1959 | Donegal Railway Heritage Centre | Donegal |
| 18 | | | 1940–1959 | Fintown Railway | Fintown |
| 19 | | | 1951–1959 | Isle of Man Railway | Isle of Man |
| 20 | | | | |
| 712 | | CIÉ | 1962–2005 | Irish Traction Group | Downpatrick |
| 713 | | | | Downpatrick & Co. Down Railway | |
| 1498 | 76773 | British Rail | 1970–1993 | Quirky Glamping | Enniscrone |
| | 62411 | | | | |
| | 76844 | | | | |


title: Munkurin

abstract: Munkurin is the southernmost point of the Faroe Islands. Munkurin is an 11-metre-high rock, also known as Sumbiarsteinur. Munkur means "monk". The rock is one of a group of skerries called Flesjarnar, 5 km south of the island of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. The sound between Flesjarnar and Suðuroy is notorious for its strong current.

text:
# Munkurin

**Munkurin** is the southernmost point of the Faroe Islands. Munkurin is an 11-metre-high rock, also known as **Sumbiarsteinur**. Munkur means "monk". The rock is one of a group of skerries called Flesjarnar, 5 km south of the island of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. The sound between Flesjarnar and Suðuroy is notorious for its strong current.

## Flesjarnar

Flesjarnar are a group of rocks, located 5 km south of Akraberg in Suðuroy. The rocks are:

* Sumbiarfles, 4 metres high (nearest to land)
* Miðjufles, 4 metres high (the word miðju means in the middle)
* Bøllufles, 6 metres high (two rocks)
* Stórafles, 7 metres high (Stóra means large)
* Munkurin or Sumbiarsteinur, 11 metres high

## Munkurin

The rocks are close together except for Munkurin, which is a little further away, which is possibly why it is called the Monk. Two sources mention another reason for the name Munkurin, referring to before the islet collapsed. The article tells about the observations of Pastor Jørgen Landt, written in 1800, that when seen from the land, the rock island presented the appearance of a monk with a red neck and a dark grey body and head, and from the sea, it looked like a ship under full sails. Another source, that of Olaus Magnus's *Histora de Gentibus Septentrionalibus*, states that the rock appeared to wear a hood over its "head," similar to that of a monk, as well as the fact that it provides safe refuge for those caught in a storm. The article mentions that the monk was 70 feet (21 metres) high. Munkurin is now 11 metres high, but it used to be higher. It collapsed in 1884-85. Before it collapsed, the northern gannet (*Morus bassanus*) used to nest there, but since it collapsed, the birds don't nest there anymore; they nest in Mykineshólmur. It happens sometimes that the rock looks white from the land, and that is because there are many northern gannets sitting there.

## Literature in German and Danish

* Lucas Jacobson Debes: *Natürliche und Politische Historie der Inseln Färöe*. The German book is translated from Danish. Writer: C. G. Mengel, Copenhagen / Leipzig, 1757.

* A Map of the Faroe Islands
* Also based on the German version of Wikipedia.

61°20′N 6°40′W / 61.333°N 6.667°W / 61.333; -6.667


title: Vilan

abstract: The Vilan is a mountain in the Rätikon range of the Alps, located north of Malans in the canton of Graubünden. It lies south of the Falknis, between the main Rhine valley and the Taschinas valley.

text:
# Vilan

The **Vilan** is a mountain in the Rätikon range of the Alps, located north of Malans in the canton of Graubünden. It lies south of the Falknis, between the main Rhine valley and the Taschinas valley.

## InfoBox

| Vilan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,376 m (7,795 ft) |
| Prominence | 416 m (1,365 ft) |
| Coordinates | 47°0′45.7″N 9°36′11.4″E / 47.012694°N 9.603167°E / 47.012694; 9.603167 |
| Geography | |
| VilanLocation in Switzerland | |
| Location | Graubünden, Switzerland |
| Parent range | Rätikon |


title: Multiple SIDosis

abstract: Multiple SIDosis is a 1970 short film in which a single performer creates an entire multi-part performance of the song "Nola". It is an example of a kind of one-man-band musical performance.

text:
# Multiple SIDosis

***Multiple SIDosis*** is a 1970 short film in which a single performer creates an entire multi-part performance of the song "Nola". It is an example of a kind of one-man-band musical performance.

## Summary

*Multiple SIDosis*, written by, directed by and starred Sid Laverents, features as many as twelve split-screen "copies" of Laverents playing various conventional and improvised instruments simultaneously. The separately-recorded performances of the various parts were overdubbed and visually composited to create the final piece.

## Technique

The overdubbing technique has been used before and since in professional recording studios, to allow a single performer to create an entire multi-instrument song. Digital technology has made the technique much easier for amateurs to employ today, but no such labour-saving devices were available to Laverents.

## Legacy

In 2000, *Multiple SIDosis* was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

1. THE BOOTLEG FILES: MULTIPLE SIDOSIS
2. Librarian of Congress Names 25 More Films to National Film Registry


title: Villebichot

abstract: Villebichot is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

text:
# Villebichot

**Villebichot** (French pronunciation: \[vilbiʃo\]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 191 |  |
| 1968 | 199 | +4.2% |
| 1975 | 208 | +4.5% |
| 1982 | 227 | +9.1% |
| 1990 | 275 | +21.1% |
| 1999 | 270 | −1.8% |
| 2008 | 351 | +30.0% |

## InfoBox

| Villebichot | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Villebichot | |
| VillebichotVillebichot | |
| Coordinates: 47°08′26″N 5°02′41″E / 47.1406°N 5.0447°E / 47.1406; 5.0447 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Côte-d'Or |
| Arrondissement | Beaune |
| Canton | Nuits-Saint-Georges |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Pascal Grappin |
| Area**1** | 10.36 km2 (4.00 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 403 |
| Density | 39/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 21691 /21700 |
| Elevation | 196–227 m (643–745 ft)
(avg. 223 m or 732 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Villebernier

abstract: Villebernier is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. It is located on the Northern bank of the Loire river, between Angers and Tours. A couple of architectural treasures can be found in the village. A Romanesque church and the manor of Launay was built by Roi René in 1414. The chapel Notre-Dame-des-Eaux, built in 1843 by priest Théar, has a unique round architecture. In 2021, the village had 1,446 inhabitants.

text:
# Villebernier

**Villebernier** (French pronunciation: \[vilbɛʁnje\] ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. It is located on the Northern bank of the Loire river, between Angers and Tours.

A couple of architectural treasures can be found in the village. A Romanesque church and the manor of Launay was built by Roi René in 1414. The chapel Notre-Dame-des-Eaux, built in 1843 by priest Théar, has a unique round architecture.

In 2021, the village had 1,446 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Villebernier | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Villebernier | |
|  | |
| Location of Villebernier | |
| VillebernierVillebernier | |
| Coordinates: 47°15′11″N 0°01′44″W / 47.253°N 0.029°W / 47.253; -0.029 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Maine-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Saumur |
| Canton | Longué-Jumelles |
| Intercommunality | CA Saumur Val de Loire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-François Miglierina |
| Area**1** | 9.91 km2 (3.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,446 |
| Density | 150/km2 (380/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 49374 /49400 |
| Elevation | 23–32 m (75–105 ft)
(avg. 32 m or 105 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Viker, Sweden

abstract: Viker is a parish in the historical province of Västmanland and in present Nora Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden. It has 527 inhabitants (2007). Viker is situated in Nora Municipality's southwestern corner in the central part of Örebro County. Viker chapel was founded within Nora parish in 1868 and became its own parish in 1871. Viker church was built in 1869–1871. Viker formed its own municipality 1878–1951. In 1952 it was incorporated in Noraskog municipality, that in 1965 was incorporated in Nora Municipality. Viker parish has an area of 148,57 km² from which 133,95 km² is land. The lakes Vikern, Älvlången, Malmlången and Hovmanstorpsjön are situated in Viker. Beteshult in the southern part of Viker is the highest point of the area with 253 meters above sea level. The villages Bengtstorp, Skrekarhyttan, Älvhyttan, Gamla Viker, Nya Viker, Dalkarlshyttan and the localities Dalkarlsberg and Vikersvik are situated in Viker. The area has had an extensive iron industry with several mines and blast furnaces. But the last mine, Dalkarlsberg, was closed down in 1948 and Skrekarhyttan's blast furnace was closed in 1918.

text:
# Viker, Sweden

**Viker** is a parish in the historical province of Västmanland and in present Nora Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden. It has 527 inhabitants (2007).

Viker is situated in Nora Municipality's southwestern corner in the central part of Örebro County.

Viker chapel was founded within Nora parish in 1868 and became its own parish in 1871. Viker church was built in 1869–1871. Viker formed its own municipality 1878–1951. In 1952 it was incorporated in Noraskog municipality, that in 1965 was incorporated in Nora Municipality.

Viker parish has an area of 148,57 km² from which 133,95 km² is land. The lakes Vikern (only partly in Viker), Älvlången, Malmlången (part of Svartälven) and Hovmanstorpsjön are situated in Viker. Beteshult in the southern part of Viker is the highest point of the area with 253 meters above sea level.

The villages Bengtstorp, Skrekarhyttan, Älvhyttan, Gamla Viker, Nya Viker, Dalkarlshyttan and the localities Dalkarlsberg and Vikersvik are situated in Viker.

The area has had an extensive iron industry with several mines and blast furnaces. But the last mine, Dalkarlsberg, was closed down in 1948 and Skrekarhyttan's blast furnace was closed in 1918.

59°27′25″N 14°53′29″E / 59.4569°N 14.8914°E / 59.4569; 14.8914


title: Munster Football League

abstract: The Munster Football League was a senior inter-county Gaelic football competition. It was established in 1925. The competition was often referred to as the McGrath Cup, as the trophy was presented by Mr. Pat McGrath, the secretary of the Munster Council. This competition is not to be confused with the McGrath Cup which commenced in 1981 to stem the decline of Gaelic football in Munster and continues to take place at the start of each season.

text:
# Munster Football League

The **Munster Football League** was a senior inter-county Gaelic football competition. It was established in 1925. The competition was often referred to as the **McGrath Cup**, as the trophy was presented by Mr. Pat McGrath, the secretary of the Munster Council.

This competition is not to be confused with the McGrath Cup which commenced in 1981 to stem the decline of Gaelic football in Munster and continues to take place at the start of each season.

## Roll of honour

Key to list of winners
| * | Final won after Replay |
| --- | --- |
|  | Final not played |
|

| Year | Date | Winner | Runner-up | Venue | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1925–26 | 13 June 1926 | Kerry 0-5 | Tipperary 0-2 | Austin Stack Park, Tralee | This was the final round of the league rather than a final |
| 1929–30 | 15 June 1930 | Tipperary 5-7 | Limerick 0-2 | Clonmel |  |
| 1931–32 | 2 October 1932 | Cork 5-4 | Clare 0-1 | Cork |  |
| 1932–33 | 22 January 1933 | Cork 4-5 | Limerick 2-3 | Glin |  |
| 1933–34 | 8 April 1934 | Clare 2-4 | Tipperary 2-2 | Ennis |  |
| 1934–35 |  | Tipperary | Cork |  | Tournament was played on a league basis |
|

## InfoBox

| Munster Football League | |
| --- | --- |
| Irish | *Sraith Peile na Mumhan* |
| Code | Football |
| Founded | 1925 |
| Abolished | 1935 |
| Region | Munster (GAA) |
| Trophy | McGrath Cup |
| No. of teams | 6 |
| First winner | Kerry |
| Most titles | Cork and Tipperary (2 titles) |


title: Murat Bardakçı

abstract: Murat Gökhan Bardakçı is a Turkish journalist working on Ottoman history and Turkish music history. He is also a columnist for Habertürk newspaper.

text:
# Murat Bardakçı

**Murat Gökhan Bardakçı** (born 25 December 1955) is a Turkish journalist working on Ottoman history and Turkish music history. He is also a columnist for *Habertürk* newspaper.

## Biography

Bardakçı was born in 1955 in Istanbul. An economist by training, he was trained in Turkish classical music by some of the most-reputed contemporary masters, in tambur and singing at first, with his primary interests directed more towards theory and musical history later. He published several researches on musical history (notably the biographies of the composers Abd al-Qadir Maraghi and Refik Fersan) and with the start of a journalistic career in *Hürriyet*, expanded the scope of his writings on Ottoman and general Islamic history, with marked emphasis on the 19th and the early-20th centuries. Two of his books on the end of the Ottoman dynasty, "Son Osmanlılar" (*The Last Ottomans*) and Şahbaba (literally, *The Emperor-father*), a biography of Mehmed VI Vahideddin, became best-sellers in Turkey, the former also having been carried over to the screen in the form a TV serial.

He married Ayşegül Manav in 2009.

Since 2008 he has co-hosted the history programme "Tarihin Arka Odası" (*The Backroom of History*) and its successor "Tarihin İzinde" (*On the Track of History*) with historian Erhan Afyoncu and several others, including Turkish art historian Nurhan Atasoy, on Haberturk TV.

He knows Arabic, English, French, Persian and Ottoman Turkish.

## Talat Pasha's *Black Book*

Murat Bardakçı is the editor of the *Black Book*, Ottoman Minister of Interior Talat Pasha's recording of relocations of Turkish-Muslim and Armenian Christian Ottoman citizens in World War I conditions. Published by Bardakçı for the first time in 2005, they were handed over to him by Talat Pasha's widow, Hayriye Talat Bafralı, along with a batch of other documents comprising letters he had sent her and telegrammes exchanged between Committee of Union and Progress members. In April 2006, Bardakçı re-edited the black book in full, adding parts that were missing in the first publication. The 1915-1916 resettlements cited in Talat Pasha Black Book of 702,905 Turks from regions under threat of occupation by Russian forces and of 924,158 Armenians in accordance with 27 May 1915 Tehcir Law.

## Criticism of Wikipedia and disputes

Bardakçı's view of history and arguments in his columns and programs lead to some disputes in Turkish media. Besides this, he is critical of the accuracy of Wikipedia. Giving the example of his own biography on Wikipedia having falsely put forward that he had four children, and emphasizing the negative implications of such an accessible source upon students' academic performance in the form of plagiarism, he declared that the Turkish version of Wikipedia should be banned in Turkey.

On the other hand, although he emphasises that he is not a historian, his works mainly contain historical documents and its interpretations and yet he can be qualified as being close to the English school of history writing in the context of historical method or historiography but this side of his works usually finds no reference in his books.

## Bibliography

* *Abd al-Qadir Maraghi*, Pan Publishing, 1986, OCLC 18557023.
* *The Last Ottomans & The Deportation and Heritage of Ottoman Dynasty*, Pan Publishing - İnkılâp Bookstore, 1991, ISBN 975-7652-13-X.
* *Royal Compositions (The Works of Last Sultan of the Ottomans, Mehmet Vahideddin VI)*, Pan Publishing, 1997, ISBN 975-7652-63-6.
* *Turkish Songs for Fener Rulers*, Pan Publishing, 1993, ISBN 975-7652-21-0.
* *Sex in Ottomans*, Gür Publishing - İnkılâp Bookstore, 1993, ISBN 975-10-2256-8.
* *Mr. Refik (Refik Fersan and His Memories)*, Pan Publishing, 1995, ISBN 978-975-7652-36-6.
* *Şahbaba: The Life, Memories and Private Letters of Last Sultan of the Ottomans, Mehmed VI Vahdeddin*, Pan Publishing - İnkılâp Bookstore, 1998, ISBN 975-10-2453-6.
* *The Abandoned Documents of Talât Pasha*, Everest Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-975-289-560-7.
* *Neslişah: Cumhuriyet Devrinde Bir Osmanlı Prensesi*, Everest Publishing, 2011, ISBN 9789752899414.
* *Ahmed Oğlu Şükrullah: Şükrullah'ın Risalesi ve 15. Yüzyıl Şark Musikisi Nazariyatı*, Istanbul, 2012, ISBN 9786054518173.
* *Üçüncü Selim Devrine Ait Bir Bostancıbaşı Defteri*, Pan Publishing, 2013, ISBN 9786054518531.
* *İttihadçı'nın Sandığı*, İş Bankası Kültür Publishing, 2014, ISBN 9786053321118.
* *Mahmut Şevket Paşa'nın Sadaret Günlüğü*, İş Bankası Kültür Publishing, 2014, ISBN 9786053322351.
* *Enver*, İş Bankası Kültür Publishing, 2015, ISBN 9786053326045.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Murat Bardakçi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Murat Gökhan Bardakçı
(1955-12-25) 25 December 1955
Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, economist |
| Known for | Musicology, History of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, Islamic History Journalism |
| Notable work | *The Remaining Documents of Talaat Pasha* |


title: Vince Vawter

abstract: Vilas Vincent Vawter III, better known as Vince Vawter, is an American-born author and illustrator. He worked in the newspaper business for forty years, retiring with the title of president and publisher of the Evansville (Ind.) Courier & Press. His debut novel Paperboy received a Newbery Honor in 2014.

text:
# Vince Vawter

**Vilas Vincent Vawter III**, better known as **Vince Vawter,** is an American-born author and illustrator. He worked in the newspaper business for forty years, retiring with the title of president and publisher of the Evansville (Ind.) *Courier & Press*. His debut novel *Paperboy* received a Newbery Honor in 2014.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Vince Vawter | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Vilas Vincent Vawter III<br>Paris, Tennessee |
| Occupation | Writer, Illustrator |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Harding Academy of Memphis |
| Genre | Children |
| Notable works | *Paperboy* |
| Website | |
| www.vincevawter.com | |


title: Violeta Granera

abstract: Violeta Mercedes Granera Padilla is a Nicaraguan sociologist, activist and former candidate for Vice-President. Granera worked for the World Bank, then in government before joining the civic organization Movement for Nicaragua, where she worked for seven years advocating for transparency and election reform. She resigned to run for vice-president in 2016 with the Independent Liberal Party, but the party was barred from the ballot by court decision. In the wake of the 2018 anti-government protests she became involved in the Blue and White National Unity opposition group, and in the run-up to the 2021 Nicaraguan general election, she was among the opposition leaders arrested.

text:
# Violeta Granera

**Violeta Mercedes Granera Padilla** (born 1952 or 1953) is a Nicaraguan sociologist, activist and former candidate for Vice-President. Granera worked for the World Bank, then in government before joining the civic organization Movement for Nicaragua, where she worked for seven years advocating for transparency and election reform. She resigned to run for vice-president in 2016 with the Independent Liberal Party, but the party was barred from the ballot by court decision. In the wake of the 2018 anti-government protests she became involved in the Blue and White National Unity opposition group, and in the run-up to the 2021 Nicaraguan general election, she was among the opposition leaders arrested.

## Early life

Violeta Granera’s father, Ramiro Granera, was a Senator in Nicaragua’s then-bicameral Congress. A supporter of the Somozas regime, he was assassinated by the Sandinista National Liberation Front during the revolution, leading to Granera’s opposition to political violence.

## Career

Granera is a sociologist by training. She worked for the World Bank for three years but found it wasn’t “her calling”. During the presidency of conservative Enrique Bolaños, Granera served in government on the Council for Social and Economic Planning. In 2007, she joined the Movement for Nicaragua (MpN), where she served as executive director for seven years, organizing advocacy for transparency and other election reform. She resigned in 2016 to become a candidate for Vice-President of Nicaragua, representing the Independent Liberal Party (PLI) as the running mate of Luis Callejas. The nomination was short-lived though, as the ticket was barred from the ballot by Nicaraguan Supreme Court decision.

Following the 2018 anti-government protests and police repression thereof, Granera became involved with the Blue White National Unity (UNAB) group protesting President Daniel Ortega's government. In August 2019, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights granted the request of the Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights (CENIDH) that precautionary measures be implemented to protect Granera and her immediate family, finding “the rights to life and personal integrity of Violeta Mercedes Granera Padilla and her next of kin are in a situation of grave risk.”

On June 8, 2021, following the arrests of four opposition pre-candidates for president in the 2021 Nicaraguan general election, Granera was also arrested, for alleged violations of the controversial Law 1055. Enacted by the FSLN-controlled legislature in December 2020, the “law for the defense of the rights of the people to independence, sovereignty, and self-determination for peace”, called the “Guillotine Law” by critics, allows the government to make accusations of treason without a requirement to produce evidence for the charge.

As with the others arrested, Granera was sentenced to 90 days of preventive detention. On June 24, 2021, the IACHR issued a ruling finding her in an “extremely grave situation. As such, there exists an urgent necessity to adopt measures that avoid irreparable harm to the rights of life and physical integrity” and therefore ordered his release, as well as the release of fellow opposition leaders José Adán Aguerri, Juan Sebastián Chamorro, and Félix Maradiaga. The Court cited lack of information regarding their whereabouts, as well as health concerns and concerns about the conditions under which they are being held. The Nicaraguan government has not complied.

## Personal life

Granera has five children; one died in 2013.

## InfoBox

| Violeta Granera | |
| --- | --- |
| Granera in 2019 | |
| Born | 1952 or 1953 (age 71–72) |
| Nationality | Nicaragua |
| Occupation | Sociologist |
| Children | 5 |


title: Mungyeong Jeon clan

abstract: Mungyeong Jeon clan is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Mungyeong, North Gyeongsang Province. According to the research held in 2000, the number of Mungyeong Jeon clan’s member was 5535. Their founder was Jeon Yu gyeom who worked as Grand Secretariat of Long Tu Court in Yuan dynasty. He entered Goryeo as a fatherly master of Princess Noguk who had a marriage to an ordinary person planned by Gongmin of Goryeo in 1351. He worked as Pingzhangshi and married Ch'oe Yŏng’s sister. After that, he was settled in Kaesong and his government post reached to Jeongdang munhak. Then, his descendant founded Mungyeong Jeon clan and made Mungyeong, Mungyeong Jeon clan’s Bon-gwan.

text:
# Mungyeong Jeon clan

**Mungyeong Jeon clan** (Korean: 문경 전씨; Hanja: 聞慶 錢氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Mungyeong, North Gyeongsang Province. According to the research held in 2000, the number of Mungyeong Jeon clan’s member was 5535. Their founder was Jeon Yu gyeom who worked as *Grand Secretariat of Long Tu Court* (Hanja: 龍圖閣直學士) in Yuan dynasty. He entered Goryeo as a fatherly master of Princess Noguk who had a marriage to an ordinary person planned by Gongmin of Goryeo in 1351. He worked as *Pingzhangshi* (Hanja: 平章事) and married Ch'oe Yŏng’s sister. After that, he was settled in Kaesong and his government post reached to *Jeongdang munhak* (Hanja: 政堂文學). Then, his descendant founded Mungyeong Jeon clan and made Mungyeong, Mungyeong Jeon clan’s Bon-gwan.

1. *Academy of Korean Studies 문경전씨 聞慶銭氏*. Academy of Korean Studies.
2. Jin Guanglin \[in Japanese\] (2014). "A Comparison of the Korean and Japanese Approaches to Foreign Family Names" (PDF). *Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia*. **5**: 21  via Society for Cultural Interaction in East Asia.

## InfoBox

| Mungyeong Jeon clan | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Korea |
| Current region | Mungyeong |
| Founder | Jeon Yu gyeom |
| Connected members | Jeon In-hwa |


title: Virginia Fuchs

abstract: Virginia "Ginny" Fuchs is an American professional boxer who is the interim WBC female super-flyweight champion. As an amateur she represented her country at the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics as well as winning a bronze medal at the 2018 World Championships and a silver medal at the 2019 Pan American Games.

text:
# Virginia Fuchs

**Virginia "Ginny" Fuchs** (born March 9, 1988) is an American professional boxer who is the interim WBC female super-flyweight champion. As an amateur she represented her country at the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics as well as winning a bronze medal at the 2018 World Championships and a silver medal at the 2019 Pan American Games.

## Early life and education

Fuchs was born in Houston, Texas. Fuchs became interested in sports at a young age and played soccer, softball, and basketball as a child. She attended Episcopal High School where she ran track and cross-country.

Her athletic abilities earned her an invitation for walk-on spot on the track and cross-country team at Louisiana State University. Fuchs graduated from LSU in 2011 with a bachelor's degree in kinesiology.

## Amateur boxing career

Fuchs first tried boxing during her sophomore year of college to stay in shape. After a coach took an interest in her, she dedicated her focus to boxing in 2008. She trained for a year before her first fight, which she won.

She began to compete at the state level and won three Louisiana state Golden Gloves, and later won a national Golden Gloves title in 2015. Fuchs was a finalist for the US National Tournament for 2013, 2014 and 2015.

When it was announced that women’s boxing would be added to the 2012 Summer Olympics, Fuchs tried for a spot on the USA Boxing team but future Olympic medalist Marlen Esparza received the only flyweight position. Fuchs finished fourth at the Olympic Test Event.

In October 2015, she defeated Esparza in the Olympic Test Event for the USA Boxing flyweight spot for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Fuchs has also defeated Olympic medalist and five-time world champion, Mary Kom of India. Fuchs won gold at the Olympic Trials Test Event.

Fuchs was 1st in the 2016 USA Boxing Nationals defeating Esparza for the third straight time with a unanimous 5-0 decision. She won bronze at the 2018 AIBA world championship in India.

In 2020, Fuchs tested positive for a banned substance, but was ruled not at fault due to contamination via unprotected sexual intercourse.

Fuchs qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, held in 2021, where she was defeated in the round of 16 by Bulgarian boxer Stoyka Krasteva.

## Professional boxing career

Fuchs announced she was joining the professional boxing ranks in December 2021. She made her pro-debut with a fourth-round knockout win over Randee Lynn Morales on 9 April 2022 at The Hangar, Costa Mesa, California, on the undercard of her friend Mikaela Mayer's unified super-featherweight title defence against Jennifer Han.

Her second outing as a professional was at The O2 Arena in London, England, on an all-female card topped by the Claressa Shields vs Savannah Marshall unified middleweight title showdown on 15 October 2022. Fuchs defeated Gemma Ruegg on points over six rounds.

Fuchs next contest was at Smoothie King Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, on 17 June 2023 when she overcame a cut above her left eye from an accidental clash of heads in the third round to beat Indeya Smith by unanimous decision in an eight-round battle.

In February 2024, Fuchs revealed she had agreed to join the second season of boxing's first squad-based format, Team Combat League (TCL), competing for the Houston Hitmen. She made her first TCL appearance at Red Owl Boxing Arena, Houston, Texas, on 18 April 2024 winning both her rounds against Tiana Schroeder by unanimous decision.

Fuchs challenged Adelaida Ruiz for the interim WBC female super-flyweight title at Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, California, on 31 August 2024, winning the fight by split decision with one judge scoring it 97-93 for Ruiz but the other two having it for Fuchs 97-93 and 100-90 respectively. She got the win despite suffering an open dislocation of her right thumb in the first round.

## Personal life

Fuchs is an advocate for mental health awareness and was diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) at a young age. She has appeared in the PBS documentary series *Mysteries of Mental Illness* and the Oprah Winfrey/Apple TV documentary series *The Me You Can't See*. Fuchs cites Olympian and runner Steve Prefontaine as an inspiration for her athletic career.

## Professional boxing record

| 4 fights | 4 wins | 0 losses |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 1 | 0 |
| By decision | 3 | 0 |

| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Adelaida Ruiz | SD | 10 (10) | 31 August 2024 | Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, California, USA | Won the interim WBC female super-flyweight title |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Indeya Smith | UD | 8 (8) | 17 June 2023 | Smoothie King Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA |  |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | Gemma Ruegg | PTS | 6 (6) | 15 October 2022 | The O2 Arena, London, England |  |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Randee Lynn Morales | KO | 4 (6) | 9 April 2022 | The Hangar, Costa Mesa, California, USA |  |

## InfoBox

| Virginia Fuchs | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1988-03-09) 9 March 1988<br>Houston, Texas, USA |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) | Flyweight, Super-flyweight |
| Height | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
| Stance | Southpaw |
|  | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 4 |
| Wins | 4 |
| Wins by KO | 1 |
|  | |
| Medal record      Women's amateur boxing  Representing  United States  World Championships  2018 New Delhi Flyweight  Pan American Games  2019 Lima Flyweight | |


title: Virginia State Route 122

abstract: State Route 122 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 54.58 miles (87.84 km) from SR 40 in Rocky Mount north to U.S. Route 501 in Big Island. SR 122 passes through the Blue Ridge foothills of Franklin and Bedford counties, connecting Rocky Mount with the town of Bedford. The state highway provides access to Booker T. Washington National Monument and Smith Mountain Lake, and the National D-Day Memorial via its Bedford business route.

text:
# Virginia State Route 122

**State Route 122** (**SR 122**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 54.58 miles (87.84 km) from SR 40 in Rocky Mount north to U.S. Route 501 (US 501) in Big Island. SR 122 passes through the Blue Ridge foothills of Franklin and Bedford counties, connecting Rocky Mount with the town of Bedford. The state highway provides access to Booker T. Washington National Monument and Smith Mountain Lake, and the National D-Day Memorial via its Bedford business route.

## Route description

SR 122 begins at an intersection with SR 40 (Old Franklin Turnpike) on the east side of the town of Rocky Mount, the county seat of Franklin County. The state highway heads northeast as two-lane undivided Booker T. Washington Highway. SR 122 crosses the Blackwater River, a tributary of the Roanoke River, and the former river's tributary, Maggodee Creek, before meeting the southern end of SR 116 (Jubal Early Highway) at Burnt Chimney. The state highway continues east by Booker T. Washington National Monument, which preserves the birthplace of Booker T. Washington. SR 122 passes through the community of Westlake Corner, a commercial center for the western side of Smith Mountain Lake, before crossing the lake and entering Bedford County. The state highway continues north as Moneta Road through the village of Moneta, where the highway crosses over Norfolk Southern Railway's Altavista District. SR 122 crosses Goose Creek and intersects SR 24 west of Body Camp; SR 24 heads west as Stewartsville Road toward Stewartsville and east as Shingle Block Road.

SR 122 continues north to the town of Bedford, where the highway's name changes to Burks Hill Road. At the highway's diamond interchange with the Bedford Bypass, the road continues toward downtown Bedford as SR 122 Business while SR 122 joins US 460 and US 221 on the four-lane freeway bypass. The three highways head east to a diamond interchange at the east end of the four-lane divided bypass. US 460 continues east as Lynchburg Salem Turnpike toward Lynchburg while SR 122, US 221, and US 460 Business follow Main Street west for one block. There, US 460 Business continues toward downtown Bedford while SR 122 and US 221 turn north onto two-lane undivided Independence Boulevard, an eastern bypass of Bedford that crosses over Norfolk Southern's Blue Ridge District rail line. SR 122 and US 221 diverge at the northern end of Independence Boulevard, where the highways meet the northern end of SR 122 Business (Longwood Avenue). US 221 heads east on Forest Road toward Forest while SR 122 heads north on Longwood Avenue out of the town of Bedford. SR 122 continues north as Big Island Highway through the hamlet of Centerville, which contains the historic home Otterburn, and over the Big Otter River. The state highway passes between Suck Mountain and Hurricane Mountain before reaching its northern terminus at US 501 (Lee Jackson Highway) just north of the village of Big Island on the James River.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Franklin | Rocky Mount | 0.00 | 0.00 |
SR 40 (Old Franklin Turnpike) to US 220 | Southern terminus |
| | Burnt Chimney | 7.14 | 11.49 |
SR 116 north (Jubal Early Highway) Roanoke | Southern terminus of SR 116 |
| Bedford |  | 26.09 | 41.99 | SR 24 (Stewartsville Road / Shingle Block Road) Roanoke, Evington |  |
| | Bedford | 33.88 | 54.52 |

US 221 south / US 460 west / SR 122 Bus. north Roanoke, Bedford | Diamond interchange; south end of concurrency with US 221 and US 460 |
| | 35.32 | 56.84 |

US 460 east to East Main Street / SR 714 Lynchburg | Diamond interchange; north end of concurrency with US 460; south end of US 460 Bus. overlap |
| |  |  |

US 460 Bus. west (East Main Street) | north end of US 460 Bus. overlap |
| | 37.13 | 59.75 |

US 221 north (Forest Road) / US 221 Bus. south / SR 122 Bus. south (Longwood Avenue) | North end of concurrency with US 221 |
| | Big Island | 54.58 | 87.84 | US 501 (Lee-Jackson Highway) Natural Bridge, Lynchburg | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## Bedford business route

| State Route 122 Business | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Bedford |
| Length | 2.60 mi (4.18 km) |

Virginia State Route 122 Business (SR 122 Business) is a business route of SR 122 within the town of Bedford. The highway runs 2.60 miles (4.18 km) from SR 122, US 221, and US 460 on the south side of Bedford to SR 122 and US 221 on the north side of Bedford. SR 122 Business heads north from its diamond interchange with the Bedford Bypass as Burks Hill Road. Just north of the interchange, the highway passes the entrance to the Bedford Welcome Center and the National D-Day Memorial. At King Street, the highway's name changes to Crenshaw Street, which the business route follows to US 460 Business (Main Street). SR 122 turns east onto Main Street, which the highway follows for two blocks, passing the Bedford Historic Meetinghouse. The business route turns north onto Bridge Street, where the highway leaves its concurrency with US 460 Business and joins SR 43 to cross over Norfolk Southern Railway's Blue Ridge District. When SR 43 heads northwest as Peaks Street toward the Peaks of Otter, SR 122 Business heads northeast along Longwood Avenue to its northern terminus at US 221 (Forest Road) and SR 122, which heads south with US 221 on Independence Boulevard and north as Longwood Avenue.

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 122KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 122 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 54.58 mi (87.84 km) |
| Existed | July 1, 1933–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SR 40 in Rocky Mount |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | US 501 in Big Island |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | Franklin, Bedford |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 121   SR 123 | |


title: Mutela

abstract: Mutela is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Iridinidae. Species in this genus have actual siphons, rather than unfused apertures, as do most other freshwater mussels.

text:
# Mutela

***Mutela*** is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Iridinidae. Species in this genus have actual siphons, rather than unfused apertures, as do most other freshwater mussels.

## Species

Species in the genus *Mutela* include:

## InfoBox

| *Mutela* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Mutela bourguignati* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Unionida |
| Family: | Iridinidae |
| Genus: | *Mutela*<br>Scopoli, 1777 |
|