title: Music Box Italia

abstract: Music Box was an Italian music television channel, carried in Italy on SKY Italia.

text:
# Music Box Italia

***Music Box*** was an Italian music television channel, carried in Italy on SKY Italia.

## History

Launched in 2003 as a free-to-air channel on the Hot Bird satellite and broadcast in the TIMB 2 mux, Music Box has been part of Sky Italia's pay-TV channels since April 1, 2007, positioning itself on channel 717 of the Sky Box, moving on to the number 703.

Sara Caruso, Guenda Goria, Gianni Sodano and Andrea C Ravallese were chosen as the first correspondents of Music Box directly by the audience through auditions held in Rome, Naples and Milan. Each with their own original style, spontaneity, curiosity and freshness of their age, the four chosen had the task of telling the reality seen by a twenty-year-old.

On October 5, 2005, Music Box organized and transmitted a mega-concert in collaboration with the Ministry of Health. The event was called "The Rhythm of Life". To lead it: Francesco Facchinetti, the former Miss Italy Manila Nazzaro and Andrea C Ravallese.

It was also visible on Alitalia's planes in the medium and long range and in hundreds of meeting places that spontaneously choose it as a background music video entertainment.

Music Box Italia was characterized by having the musical schedule entirely chosen by users through a special messaging service or through the website of the broadcaster. 5 seconds before the end of each video clip, the Music Box software counted all the requests received and aired the video with the highest number of votes. A tracklist of preferences also appeared on the TV screen at the same time.

The broadcaster also created a Facebook application to allow its viewers to vote for video clips, send messages, see their photos and status on live TV.

On 31 December 2013, the channel stopped broadcasting via the Sky platform.

## InfoBox

Music Box Italia
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Italy |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Italian |
| Picture format | 4:3 SDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Giglio Group Entertainment |
| Sister channels | *Live!* |
| History | |
| Launched | 2003 (2003) |
| Closed | 31 December 2013 (2013-12-31) |
| Links | |
| Website | http://www.musicbox.it/ |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital | No longer available |
|  | |


title: The Riveras

abstract: The Riveras is an American reality television series that airs on UNIVERSO. The show is a spin-off of I Love Jenni. The series follows the five children of late Mexican-American singer Jenni Rivera as they begin to pursue their dreams and continue to honor Rivera's legacy. The series debuted on October 16, 2016. On May 9, 2019, Telemundo announced that the series has been renewed for a fourth season. The season premiered on August 11, 2019. On September 24, 2020 it was revealed that the show had been cancelled.

text:
# The Riveras

***The Riveras*** is an American reality television series that airs on UNIVERSO. The show is a spin-off of I Love Jenni. The series follows the five children of late Mexican-American singer Jenni Rivera as they begin to pursue their dreams and continue to honor Rivera's legacy. The series debuted on October 16, 2016.

On May 9, 2019, Telemundo announced that the series has been renewed for a fourth season. The season premiered on August 11, 2019. On September 24, 2020 it was revealed that the show had been cancelled.

## Production

### Background and Development

After the death of singer Jenni Rivera, *I Love Jenni* ran its third and final season on NBC Universo (then known as mun2). The final episodes of the third season focused on Rivera's five children as they deal with life after her passing. The final season of I Love Jenni was the most-watched original mun2 original program. It finished as the fifth most-watched program with Hispanic females 18-49 and seventh most watched series with Hispanic adults 18-49

In May 2016, Telemundo and UNIVERSO announced *The Riveras* as an upcoming series on UNIVERSO as well as other Jenni Rivera related programming.

On November 6, 2017, during the finale of Mariposa de Barrio on Telemundo, UNIVERSO announced that a third season would premiere in 2018.

### Cast

The series stars the five children of singer Jenni Rivera: Chiquis, Jacqie, Michael, Jenicka, and Juan Angel, as they pursue their dreams and honor their mother's legacy. Viewers see how they manage their mother's enterprise featuring her music, tequila, fashion line, and love foundation. The show features archive footage of Jenni Rivera from *I Love Jenni* and *Chiquis 'N Control.*

## Episodes

| Season | Episodes | | Originally aired | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired |
|  | 10 | | October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16) | December 18, 2016 (2016-12-18) |
|  | 10 | | February 26, 2017 (2017-02-26) | April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30) |
| Special | | | December 9, 2017 (2017-12-09) | |
|  | 14 | | March 11, 2018 (2018-03-11) | June 10, 2018 (2018-06-10) |
|  | 15 | | August 11, 2019 (2019-08-11) | November 17, 2019 (2019-11-17) |

## InfoBox

| *The Riveras* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Reality |
| Starring | * Chiquis Rivera * Jacqie Campos * Michael Marin * Jenicka Lopez * Juan Angel Lopez * Miguel Campos * Jaylah Hope Yanez |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of seasons | 4 |
| No. of episodes | 49 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Production company | Blank Paige Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC Universo |
| Release | October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16) <br>November 17, 2019 (2019-11-17) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Paramenyllus albolateralis

abstract: Paramenyllus albolateralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Paramenyllus. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.

text:
# Paramenyllus albolateralis

***Paramenyllus albolateralis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Paramenyllus***. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.

## InfoBox

| *Paramenyllus albolateralis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Paramenyllus*** |
| Species: | ***P. albolateralis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paramenyllus albolateralis***<br>Breuning, 1938 | |
|


title: Merwez Whaleboat

abstract: Merwez Whaleboat is an Australian actress.

text:
# Merwez Whaleboat

**Merwez Whaleboat** is an Australian actress.

## Early life

Whaleboat, the eldest daughter of Donald (a pastor and teacher) and Dulcie Whaleboat is a Torres Strait Islander who was born in Townsville. Her native language is Mercian, an Eastern Islands dialect, and she became more articulate at English while studying drama at Heatley High School, Townsville. Prior to that, she attended Currajong State School at primary level.

She left Townsville to "find her feet", but settled on Murray Island, where her parents lived, to raise her three kids and externally study a double bachelor degree in Arts and Education (majoring in drama and literature) at Melbourne's Deakin University, where she is member of the Golden Key National Honour Society. She wrote and performed a one-woman play *Dad, Me and Uncle Koiki* while studying.

## Career

For Whaleboat's performance in *RAN Remote Area Nurse* she was nominated for the 2006 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Drama.

Other roles include Warwick Thornton's film *The Darkside* and the TV productions *The Straits* (2012), *Mabo* (2012) and *Blue Water Empire* (2019).

A big lover of literature, Whaleboat is also a published poet, her poems "King Kebisu" and "Coconut Sails" feature in the anthology book "Mangoes on Fire" launched by the Tropical Writers Group of Cairns. She also wrote the poem "Markai", meaning 'ghost/spirit' (2009).

## Personal life

Whaleboat is mother to three daughters, Swana, Tei-ri and Diari.

She became a teacher at Shalom Christian College in Townsville.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Mabo* | Maisa Mabo | TV docudrama movie |
| 2013 | *The Darkside* | Self | Anthology film |

#### As director

| Year | Title | Role | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *Uncle Willie* | Director | Short documentary film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *RAN Remote Area Nurse* | Bernadette Gaibui | TV series, 6 episodes |
| 2012 | *The Straits* | Auntie Lorraine | TV miniseries, 1 episode |
| 2015 | *Ready for This* | Mrs Ban | TV series, 2 episodes |
| 2019 | *Blue Water Empire* | Pamoy / Flora Anosa | TV docudrama miniseries |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Nominated work | Award | Category | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *RAN Remote Area Nurse* | AACTA Awards | Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Drama | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Merwez Whaleboat | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Townsville, Queensland |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Notable work | *RAN Remote Area Nurse*<br>*Mabo* |
| Children | 3 |


title: Hexanitrobenzene

abstract: Hexanitrobenzene, also known as HNB, is a nitrobenzene compound in which six nitro groups are bonded to all six positions of a central benzene ring. It is a high-density explosive compound with chemical formula C6N6O12, obtained by oxidizing the amine group of pentanitroaniline with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid.

text:
# Hexanitrobenzene

**Hexanitrobenzene**, also known as **HNB**, is a nitrobenzene compound in which six nitro groups are bonded to all six positions of a central benzene ring. It is a high-density explosive compound with chemical formula C6N6O12, obtained by oxidizing the amine group of pentanitroaniline with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid.

## Properties

The stable conformation of this molecule has the nitro groups rotated out of the plane of the central benzene ring. The molecule adopts a propeller-like conformation in which the nitro groups are rotated about 53° from planar.

HNB has the undesirable property of being moderately sensitive to light and, therefore, hard to utilize safely. As of 2021, it is not used in any production explosives applications, though it is used as a precursor chemical in one method of production of TATB, another explosive.

HNB was experimentally used as a gas source for explosively pumped gas dynamic laser. In this application, HNB and tetranitromethane are preferred to more conventional explosives because the explosion products CO2 and N2 are a simple enough mixture to simulate gas dynamic processes and quite similar to conventional gas dynamic laser medium. The water and hydrogen products of many other explosives could interfere with vibrational states of CO2 in this type of laser.

## Preparation

During World War II, a method of synthesis of hexanitrobenzene was suggested in Germany, and the product was supposed to be manufactured on a semi-industrial scale according to the following scheme:

C6H3(NO2)3 → C6H3(NHOH)3 (partial reduction) C6H3(NHOH)3 → C6(NO2)3(NHOH)3 (nitration) C6(NO2)3(NHOH)3 → C6(NO2)6 (oxidation)

Complete nitration of benzene is practically impossible because the nitro groups are deactivating groups for further nitration.

## Additional properties

* Chapman-Jouget detonation pressure: 43 GPa
* Crystal Density: 2.01

## InfoBox

Hexanitrobenzene
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Hexanitrobenzene | |
| Other names 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanitrobenzene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C6N6O12/c13-7(14)1-2(8(15)16)4(10(19)20)6(12(23)24)5(11(21)22)3(1)9(17)18 YKey: BVKZIAODKDJPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C6N6O12/c13-7(14)1-2(8(15)16)4(10(19)20)6(12(23)24)5(11(21)22)3(1)9(17)18Key: BVKZIAODKDJPLW-UHFFFAOYAP | |
| SMILES * c1(c(c(c(c(c1\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\])\[N+\](=O)\[O-\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6N6O12 |
| Molar mass | 348.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow or brown powdered crystals |
| Density | 1.985 /cm3 |
| Melting point | 256 to 264 °C (493 to 507 °F; 529 to 537 K) |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | None |
| Friction sensitivity | None |
| Detonation velocity | 9,340 m/s |
| RE factor | 1.8 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Hesperonemastoma modestum

abstract: Hesperonemastoma modestum is a species of harvestman in the family Taracidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Hesperonemastoma modestum

***Hesperonemastoma modestum*** is a species of harvestman in the family Taracidae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Hesperonemastoma modestum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Family: | Taracidae |
| Genus: | *Hesperonemastoma* |
| Species: | ***H. modestum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hesperonemastoma modestum***<br>(Banks, 1894) | |
|


title: Retford King Edward VI Grammar School

abstract: Retford King Edward VI Grammar School was a grammar school opened on London Road, Retford, Nottinghamshire, in 1857, after being moved from an older site in Chapelgate. The school closed down in 2003. The school motto Ex pulvere palma means (loosely): "out of the dust (comes) the palm"

text:
# Retford King Edward VI Grammar School

**Retford King Edward VI Grammar School** was a grammar school opened on London Road, Retford, Nottinghamshire, in 1857, after being moved from an older site in Chapelgate. The school closed down in 2003.

The school motto *Ex pulvere palma* means (loosely): "out of the dust (of competition) (comes) the palm" (of victory)

## History

The school, which was located on London Road site was opened in 1857 with buildings designed by builder Decimus Burton. Consisting of only one schoolroom originally, the school later built a library, head master's house later to house the school office, and head master's office.

In 1890, an adjoining gymnasium was added, with above it a large projection room. 1906 meant the erection of, along the Dominie Cross Road, several ‘temporary’ buildings, which included the so-called "Tin Tab".

In 1912, the school pupils, like those of many other schools of the day, donated monies to fund dogs for the 1912 Arctic expedition of Robert Falcon Scott.

The Fives Court was gifted in 1924 in the memory of William Eyre a fallen World War 1 casualty. In 1926 a new block of classrooms was opened containing the first library. The iron guttering still bears that date in 2019.

In 1937, a new Assembly hall was added.

## Pre-War

|
|  |
| Period | Masters | Links |
| 1910 | Mr Watson, Mr Waterhouse, Mr Davies | Worksop Guardian, "Here we went" article |

|
|  |
| Period | Pupils | Links |
|
| 1906 | Dimock | Our Nottinghamshire, Sherwood Rangers. |
| 1909 | White | Nottinghamshire County Council, Roll of Honour |
| 1928 | Pringle | Flight Lieutenant 37299 115 Sqdn., Royal Air Force |

## War Time

Many ex-pupils of the school served in the armed forces during the 1st World War and details of some those can be found in the online Great War Forum.

During the 2nd World War, pupils from Great Yarmouth were relocated to Retford Grammar School

## Post War

The Headmaster from 1926 to 1950 was Charles William Pilkington-Rogers (MA BSc FCP), a Cambridge Mathematics graduate, whose teaching career began in 1903 as Science and Mathematics Master at Dunheved College in Launceston, Cornwall.

Squash courts were opened in 1957 and in 1958 a new gymnasium was constructed. In 1958, a new modern (CLASP) science block was added. At the same time, on the opposite side of the playing field, a new single storey art block was also constructed. In 1967 the school received its own astrological observatory, built by local enthusiasts and opened by the astronomer Patrick Moore.

In 1976 a new Sixth Form Block was added at the end of the Hall, and opposite the Cloisters (source Christopher Trend 1970-1977).

|
|  |
| Period | Masters | Links |
| 1963 | Bramma | Dictionary of Composers for the Church in Great Britain and Ireland |

|
|  |
| Period | Pupils | Links |
|
|
| 1963 | Olson | Retford Grammar School 1963? Upper Science Six |
|
|
| 1976 | Watson | "a grammar school dropout" |

The (mainly) complete and original class listings 1954-1977 have now been recovered from the Nottingham Inspire archive, and, with the permission and appropriate publishing fees, shared at http://www.oldretfordians.org.uk

In 1979 several more new buildings were added. A new music block was added between the New Block, now becoming known as the Old Block, and the main school building. Also in the same year, a large new multidisciplinary block housing on the ground floor, wood and metal workshops, and upstairs a suite of domestic science kitchens and the Mathematics department.

## *The Retfordian*

For many years, at least between 1913 and the 1950s, events and life at the school were chronicled in the school's own publication, *The Retfordian*.

A growing number of Retfordian magazines are now published, with the consent and assistance of the Nottinghamshire archives, at http://www.oldretfordians.org.uk

## Final Grammar School days

In 1979, after the inclusion of King Edward VI Grammar School and the High School in parliamentary discussion, Retford King Edward VI Grammar School, and Sir Frederick Milner's School were merged into King Edward VI Comprehensive School. At the point of the merger in 1979 with the Frederick Milner School, many of the school records were deposited with the National Archives.

In January 1998, Rosemary Salisbury became one of the final headteachers of what was now known simply as the King Edward VI School and the first woman to do so.

## Closure

In the 21st century, the school was scheduled for closure. It closed in 2003.

The school was formally replaced by the new Retford Oaks Academy opened in 2003.
The school stood empty for a number of years after closure, these pictures from Urbanography showing the last wall displays still in place from its final days.
The pictures at urban exploration site 28 Days Later include a rare 2011 picture of the entrance to the new music rooms internally linking the original school and New Block opened in 1978, and later demolished during redevelopment.

## Redevelopment

The old school buildings were eventually sold for redevelopment circa 2011.

During the demolition of the newer building to the rear of the school in 2012, problems were encountered with the disposal of asbestos contained in them.

The architects for the redevelopment were Rayner Davies.

## King Edward VI Grammar School Trust

The proceeds of the sale of the school site were entrusted to a legal trust, the King Edward VI Grammar School Trust, which endows young people with grants towards their ongoing education.
link to King Edward VI Grammar School Trust

## Old Retfordians

Former pupils may join the "Old Retfordians Association".

* The Bassetlaw Museum, Amcott House, at 40 Grove Street, Retford has a collection of school artefacts and some early photographs of the school on its own website.
* www.eyemead.com/open.htm is a private archive of King Edward VI Grammar School material collected by a former pupil.
* The Old Retfordians Association still maintains contacts with those ex pupils who chose to do so.


title: Hatkanangale railway station

abstract: Hatkanangale railway station is a major railway station in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Its code is HTK. It serves Hatkanangale city and is also the nearest railway station for the city of Ichalkaranji, 7 km away. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.

text:
# Hatkanangale railway station

**Hatkanangale railway station** is a major railway station in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Its code is **HTK**. It serves Hatkanangale city and is also the nearest railway station for the city of Ichalkaranji, 7 km away. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.

## Trains

Some of the trains that run through the station are:

## InfoBox

| Hatkanangale railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Hatkanangale, Maharashtra<br>India |
| Coordinates | 16°26′45″N 74°15′05″E / 16.4457°N 74.2515°E / 16.4457; 74.2515 |
| Elevation | 591 metres (1,939 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Operated by | Central Railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | Single diesel line |
| Connections | Auto stand |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on-ground station) |
| Parking | No |
| Bicycle facilities | No |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | HTK |
| Zone(s) | Central Railway |
| Division(s) | Pune |
| History | |
| Electrified | No |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Hatkanangale railway stationLocation within IndiaHatkanangale railway stationHatkanangale railway station (Maharashtra) | |


title: Music Branch (Canadian Forces)

abstract:
The Music Branch is a personnel branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It is primarily composed of band musicians, and also deals with the selection and musical training of its recruits. The branch encompasses all the military bands in service in the Canadian Armed Forces. It is roughly the equivalent to the British Army's Royal Corps of Army Music (CAMUS). The musicians play in brass/reed and pipes & drums bands. Canadian military bands consist of:
  - 6 full-time regular force bands
  - 53 part-time reserve force bands
  - 15 voluntary bands The members of these bands come from all over the CF, coming from units in the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Royal Canadian Navy. The branch controls all RCN and RCAF bands through the Naval Operations Branch and the Air Operations Branch respectively. The music branch as a whole is responsible for fostering morale in the CF and providing musical support for all aspects of military life and for official military ceremonies, including guards of honour for dignitaries.

text:
# Music Branch (Canadian Forces)

The **Music Branch** is a personnel branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It is primarily composed of band musicians, and also deals with the selection and musical training of its recruits. The branch encompasses all the military bands in service in the Canadian Armed Forces. It is roughly the equivalent to the British Army's Royal Corps of Army Music (CAMUS).

The musicians play in brass/reed and pipes & drums bands. Canadian military bands consist of:

* 6 full-time regular force bands
* 53 part-time reserve force bands
* 15 voluntary bands

The members of these bands come from all over the CF, coming from units in the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Royal Canadian Navy. The branch controls all RCN and RCAF bands through the Naval Operations Branch and the Air Operations Branch respectively. The music branch as a whole is responsible for fostering morale in the CF and providing musical support for all aspects of military life and for official military ceremonies, including guards of honour for dignitaries.

## Directorate of History and Heritage

The Directorate of History and Heritage is a sub-department of the Department of National Defence that is responsible to the Chief of Military Personnel (CMP) for providing personnel and technical advice regarding the Music Branch. It was founded on 1 September 1996 by merging the Canadian Forces Music Centre and the Directorate of Military Traditions and Heritage. On 1 April of the following year, the Music Centre was made part of the Directorate. The directorate has 7 sections, with the musical section making up DHH 7.

Its specific roles include:

* Developing and managing Music Branch policy
* Evaluating musician qualification level
* Provide advice and guidance on human resources including recommending the relocation of personnel and the recruitment for the Music Branch
* Recommending the authorization of official music, marches and calls

The DHH Music Staff is the official leadership of the DHH and the Music Branch that formulates Music Branch policy and carries out its roles. The order of precedence is as follows:

* Supervisor of Music
* Music Branch Chief Warrant Officer
* Music Branch Chief of Staff
* CF Music Branch Standards Advisor
* Pipes and Drums Advisor and Standards Master Warrant Officer
* Brass and Reed Standards Master Warrant Officer
* Music Branch Auditions Coordinator

## Military Tattoos

The Music Branch handles all CF Military Tattoos around the country, including the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo, the Fortissimo Sunset Ceremony and the Canadian International Military Tattoo. The first tattoo to be managed by the branch was the Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo in 1967, which was the world's largest travelling show.

## Traditions

### March

The Music Branch has no authorized marches as it is responsible for providing music to the Canadian Forces.

## Music Division

The **Canadian Forces Logistics Training Centre Music Division** is the training institution of the Music Branch that offers a curriculum of instruction to potential musicians in the CF. Part of the Royal Canadian Logistics Service, it is the *de facto* successor to the Canadian Forces School of Music. It is located in Building E-51 at CFB Borden. It consists of a concert hall, 47 practice studios, 10 teaching studios, a library, and four classrooms.

## Supervisors of Music

* Clifford Hunt (1964-1968)
* Charles Villeneuve (1980-1984)
* Commander George Morrison (1984-1990)
* Lieutenant Colonel Gaétan Bouchard
* Lieutenant Colonel W. Scott Attridge
* Lieutenant Colonel Charles Gaudreau (2019–?)
* Commander Patrice Arsenault (?–Present)

## Order of precedence

## InfoBox

| Music Branch | |
| --- | --- |
| *Branche de la musique* | |
| Badge of the Music Branch | |
| Active | 1968Present |
| Country | Canada |
| Branch | Canadian Forces |
| Type | CF Personnel Branch |
| Part of | Directorate of History and Heritage |
| Headquarters | National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa |
| March | None authorized. |
| Website | "Canadian Forces Music". 11 January 2018. |
| Commanders | |
| Supervisor of Music | Commander Patrice Arsenault |
| Music Branch CWO | Chief Warrant Officer Heidi Twellmann |
| Notable
commanders | Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Murray
Major Patrick Picard |


title: Parikia

abstract: Parikia is the capital and the main port of Paros island. It is one of the most typical Cycladic settlements as it is distinguished by its narrow cobbled paths, the old churches, the small shops and the houses in blue and white. Parikia is today one of the most popular and busiest spots on the island, as its cafeterias and restaurants along the waterfront attract many visitors. Parikia is also famous for its vivid nightlife, which makes it along with Naoussa village the two busiest tourist resorts of Paros. Parikia is found on the western side of the island and has 4,500 permanent inhabitants.

text:
# Parikia

**Parikia** (Greek: Παροικία) is the capital and the main port of Paros island. It is one of the most typical Cycladic settlements as it is distinguished by its narrow cobbled paths, the old churches, the small shops and the houses in blue and white. Parikia is today one of the most popular and busiest spots on the island, as its cafeterias and restaurants along the waterfront attract many visitors. Parikia is also famous for its vivid nightlife, which makes it along with Naoussa village (on the northern side of the island) the two busiest tourist resorts of Paros.

Parikia is found on the western side of the island and has 4,500 permanent inhabitants.

Panoramic view of Parikia and its waterfront.

## History

The history of Parikia starts in the ancient times, as the monuments all over the village show. The port gave to Paros all its strength and made it a great naval power. For a long time, the village followed the historical paths of the rest of the island.

Manto Mavrogenous, the heroine of the Greek War of Independence (1821–29), who originated from Mykonos died in Parikia. There is a statue of her in the village.

On 26 September 2000 the ferry *Express Samina* collided with the Portes islets off the bay of Parikia, killing 82 of those on board.

## Sights

The most famous monument in Parikia is the church of Panagia Ekatontapiliani, whose name actually means "the Church of 100 doors". This ecclesiastical complex was originally built in the 4th century on the site of an ancient gymnasium and remodelled in the mid-6th century during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian the Great. Today it has many interesting frescoes on its walls and it hosts the Ecclesiastical Museum of Parikia. Close to Parikia, you will also find some other interesting monasteries, such as the Monastery of Logovardas, the Monastery of Saint Anargyroi and the Monastery of Jesus of the Forest.

In the centre of Parikia, you can see some Neoclassical mansions hosting public services.

The trademarks of Parikia are the preserved windmill in the port and the Venetian Castle, on top of the village, which was built by the Venetians in the early 17th century. The walls of the Castle have been built with remains of ancient temples.

Parikia is home to the Archaeological Museum of Paros a small but interesting museum housing some of the many finds from sites in Paros.

37°05′10″N 25°09′03″E / 37.0862°N 25.1508°E / 37.0862; 25.1508


title: Merijal

abstract: Oy Merijal Ab was a Finnish candy factory based in Oulu.

text:
# Merijal

**Oy Merijal Ab** was a Finnish candy factory based in Oulu.

## History

The factory was founded by pharmacist Y. W. Jalander in 1915. The original name of the company was Oy Merikosken Teknokemiallinen Tehdas Ab, but it was changed to Merijal already the next year. The factory worked for almost its whole existence on Koskitie street in western Tuira on the shore of the river Oulujoki.

The factory originally made products for the after-war shortage years, but various candies were included in its products already at an early phase. The first known candy pastille was the liquorice pastille MerMar. In the middle 1920s Sulo liquorice cough drops were invented. In its earlier times, the factory also hosted a coffee roastery.

In the 1930s there were quite a lot of products, a total of 188, of which over a hundred were candies. Jalander developed a tar-flavoured candy based on his research at the University of Leipzig. The Leijona ("Lion") pastille entered the market in 1934. It was named after Jalander's Leijona pharmacies in Helsinki and Oulu. There were about a hundred employees at the time.

Rolf Klärich and Eero Hahtonen bought Merijal in 1960. The Rettig Group tobacco factory (P. C. Rettig & Co) bought Merijal and the Turku-based Oy Seres Ab in the 1970s when they wanted to expand their business to the candy industry. Merijal was fused to Retting in 1972. At the same time, Merijal brought one of its hit products, the filled candy pastille Pastirol, onto the market. In the 1970s, the number of employees reached its peak, almost three hundred.

In the 1990s the candy industry started centralising and internationalising its operations. Rettig sold Merijal to Leaf International in 1992. Leaf closed the Merijal factory down in 1996. Nowadays Leaf is known as Cloetta Suomi Oy and it produces some of Merijal's successful pastille products, such as Mynthon.

After Merijal closed down, the factory buildings were used by electronics industry subcontractors. The YIT group bought the buildings, and an architecture contest of the design of the area was held, which was won by the architecture bureau A-Studio with their design "Kolmoset" ("The Triplets"). The old factory was almost completely dismantled in spring 2008, and YIT constructed a new residential area called Merijalinranta at the site. The first apartments were completed in October 2009.

## Leijona illuminated advertisement

One of the last things remaining of Merijal in Oulu is an illuminated advertisement for Leijona pastilles on top of an apartment building on Merikoskenkatu in Tuira. The original "Merijal" text was removed from the advertisement in the 1990s. The advertisement was temporarily removed for repairs in September 2008. The advertisement was put back in place on May Day 2009. The repairs were paid for by Lions Club Oulu Terwa and performed by Oulun Neon Oy.

## Famous products

* Terva Leijona pastilles
* Sulo pastilles
* Pastirol filled candies
* Mer-Mer drops
* Mynthon pastilles
* Tutti Frutti pastilles

1. Turo Manninen: *Oulun kaupungin historia VI*, p. 111. City of Oulu, 1995. ISBN 951-9234-48-9.
2. Elina Ursin: Merijalin tehdas meni, mutta Tervaleijona jäi. *Kaleva* 23 October 2015.
3. *Kaleva* 6 March 2006.
4. YIT home page, 30 July 2008.
5. Haapaluoma, Jaana: Tuiran leijona nousi takaisin huipulle, *Kaleva* 1 May 2009. Accessed on 25 June 2011.

## InfoBox

Merijal Ab
|
|  |
| Company type | Factory |
| Industry | Candy |
| Founded | 1915 |
| Founder | Y. W. Jalander |
| Defunct | 1996 |
| Headquarters | Oulu, Finland |


title: Hexanodes

abstract: Hexanodes vulgata is a species of beetles in the family Dermestidae, the only species in the genus Hexanodes.

text:
# Hexanodes

***Hexanodes vulgata*** is a species of beetles in the family Dermestidae, the only species in the genus ***Hexanodes***.

## InfoBox

| *Hexanodes vulgata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Hexanodes vulgata'* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Bostrichiformia |
| Family: | Dermestidae |
| Genus: | ***Hexanodes***
Blair, 1941 |
| Species: | ***H. vulgata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hexanodes vulgata***
(Broun, 1880) | |
|


title: Hesperonatalius maxwelli

abstract: Hesperonatalius maxwelli is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2017 by Mark Castalanelli, Joel Huey, Mia Hillyer and Mark Harvey.

text:
# Hesperonatalius maxwelli

***Hesperonatalius maxwelli*** is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2017 by Mark Castalanelli, Joel Huey, Mia Hillyer and Mark Harvey.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Western Australia in the Carnarvon bioregion. The type locality is Lake Macleod, 30 km north of the port of Carnarvon.

## InfoBox

| *Hesperonatalius maxwelli* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Family: | Anamidae |
| Genus: | *Hesperonatalius* |
| Species: | ***H. maxwelli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hesperonatalius maxwelli***<br>Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 | |
|


title: Hinduism in Sikkim

text:
# Hinduism in Sikkim

Hinduism is the dominant religion in the Indian state of Sikkim, followed by around 58% of its population. Its followed mostly by the Indian Gorkha ethnic people and Limboo people. The Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple, a major Hindu pilgrimage centre in Sikkim. In Hindu religious texts, Sikkim is known as Indrakil, the garden of Indra.

## Demographics

| Religious
group | Population
% **1991** | Population
% **2001** | Population
% **2011** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hinduism | 68.36% | 60.93% | 57.76% |
| Buddhism | 27.15% | 28.11% | 27.39% |
| Christianity | 3.29% | 6.67% | 9.91% |
| Islam | 0.94% | 1.42% | 1.62% |
| Sikhism | 0.09% | 0.21% | 0.31% |
| Jainism | 0.001% | 0.03% | 0.05% |
| Other religions | 0.04% | 2.38% | 2.67% |
| No religion |  |  | 0.3% |

### Hindu population by district

| District | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| East Sikkim | 62.74% |
| South Sikkim | 57.6% |
| Gyalshing district | 60.07% |
| Soreng district | 49.77% |
| North Sikkim | 34.05% |

1. The two subdivisions of the West Sikkim district- Gyalshing and Soreng were upgraded to districts in 2021


title: Google.org

abstract: Google.org, founded in October 2005, is the charitable arm of Google, a multinational technology company. The organization has committed roughly US$100 million in investments and grants to nonprofits annually. The organization is noted for several significant grants to nonprofits using technology and data in innovative ways to support racial justice, educational opportunity, crisis response after health epidemics and natural disasters, and issues affecting the San Francisco Bay Area community where it is headquartered. It also hosts regular challenges around the world to stimulate innovative uses of technologies to address local challenges.

text:
# Google.org

**Google.org**, founded in October 2005, is the charitable arm of Google, a multinational technology company. The organization has committed roughly US$100 million in investments and grants to nonprofits annually.

The organization is noted for several significant grants to nonprofits using technology and data in innovative ways to support racial justice, educational opportunity, crisis response after health epidemics and natural disasters, and issues affecting the San Francisco Bay Area community where it is headquartered. It also hosts regular challenges around the world to stimulate innovative uses of technologies to address local challenges.

## Overview

The mission and approach of Google.org has seen multiple iterations over the years, an approach that mirrors other divisions within Google in its effort to reallocate resources towards the most significant and effective methods. The organization's general strategy involves funding the use of technology, data, and user-centered design to make a better world, faster.

Google.org is considered a part of Google, as opposed to an Alphabet organization, under the formation of the Alphabet parent company in 2016. To fund the organization, Google granted three million shares during their initial public offering (IPO). In 2014, the corporation stated on its website that it donates $100,000,000 in grants, 200,000 hours, and $1 billion in products each year.

## Major initiatives

As of 2016, Google has focused a majority of its efforts on a few key topics, based upon a premise of equality and opportunity.

### Racial Justice

It is the first major corporate philanthropy organization to allocate funding to combat against racial inequality in the United States, and has funded organizations such as Bryan Stevenson's Equal Justice Initiative, the ACLU, the Ella Baker Center, and Beyond12. In 2017, Google pledged $11 million in grants to several organizations in connection with racial bias.

### Education and Digital Skills

In addition, Google.org funds education, economic development, and digital literacy related projects in a number of regions.

### Disabilities

In previous years, Google has funded a number of other areas. In 2015 they announced a $20M effort to use technology to improve opportunity and equality for people with disabilities, one of the few portfolios focused on this segment of the population. Some noted as a unique lens to philanthropy, and a subject area that affects roughly 1 in 7 people across the world. The grantmaking initiative resulted in a diverse array of grants, including 3D printed prosthetics for landmine victims and children with limb differences, beacon-powered navigation tools for the visually impaired, data analytics projects to surface better tools and aids for people with cognitive disabilities, and better bracing and compliance systems for children with clubfoot. This portfolio ended in 2015.

### Crisis Response

Google.org has also responded to crises around the world, with giving initiatives addressing challenges with the European refugee crisis in 2016, the Ebola crisis in 2014, and the Nepal earthquake in 2015. In many instances, it has been one of the largest corporate donors. The organization also gave $250,000 to organizations working to serve residents affected by the Flint water crisis. In August 2017, the company donated $250,000 to the Red Cross relief fund for Hurricane Harvey.

### AI and Social Good

AI for Social Good is a group of researchers, engineers, volunteers, and other people across Google with a shared focus on positive social impact.

Google.org and Google in general has also been supportive of a number of causes, including LGBT rights, veterans affairs, digital literacy, and refugee rights.

## Previous initiatives

Previous incarnations of Google.org took different approaches, usually focused on technology applied to social sphere, in keeping with the company's brand around technology and innovation.

Among its first projects was a mass-produced plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 mpg (miles per gallon) (see vehicle-to-grid).

In November 2007, Google.org announced *RE\<C* (Renewable Energy Cheaper Than Coal), a project that will invest several hundred million dollars in order to produce renewable energy at a profit from wind and solar sources, particularly solar thermal energy. *RE\<C* has the ultimate goal of creating more than a gigawatt of power (enough to power a city the size of San Francisco) from renewable sources that would be cheaper than energy produced from coal.

The director from 2006 until 2009 was Dr. Larry Brilliant. Upon stepping down, Brilliant was replaced by Megan Smith, Google's Vice-President of new business development, and the organization began focusing on creating engineering solutions to global problems with projects such as Google Flu Trends and Crisis Response, an effort to respond to natural disasters. Megan Smith later left to join the office of the CTO under the Obama administration, at which point Google.org began focusing exclusively on its charitable giving initiatives under the stewardship of Jacquelline Fuller, who currently runs the organization.

In 2010, Google gave over $145 million to non-profits and academic institutions. In the same year, Google was named the Bay Area's top corporate philanthropist by the San Francisco Business Times for giving $27.6 million to Bay Area charities. The company has won the same award for a number of years since, including as recently as 2016 Charitable funds come from Google.org, the Google Foundation and the company itself.

A new project started in June 2014 is Made with Code, uses coding programs to allow girls to become interested in the idea of coding and develop more female programmers over time.

Google.org's major projects in 2012 included:

* Google Crisis Response which includes: Google Person Finder, Google Public Alerts, and Google Crisis Maps, all supporting disaster relief efforts with critical tools and information.
* Google Flu & Dengue Trends showing near real-time estimates of disease activity, based on aggregated search results
* Google for Nonprofits providing free or discounted access to some additional Google products for nonprofit organizations.

Pre-2012 Google.org projects included:

* Develop renewable energy cheaper than coal (RE\<C): create utility-scale electricity from clean renewable energy sources that is cheaper than electricity produced from coal. This project began in 2007 and was dropped in 2011. Though technical advancements resulted, it did not meet its ambitious goal.
* Accelerate the commercialization of plug-in electric vehicles (RechargeIT): seed innovation, demonstrate technology, inform the debate, and stimulate market demand to foster mass commercialization of plug-in vehicles.
* Predict and Prevent: identify "hot spots" and enable rapid response to emerging threats, such as infectious disease and climate risk.
* Inform and Empower to Improve Public Services: use information to empower citizens and communities, providers, and policymakers to improve the delivery of essential public services (such as education, health, water and sanitation) in the developing world.
* Fuel the Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: increase the flow of risk capital to small and medium-sized businesses in the developing world.

## Renewable energy

In 2008, Google.org joined a number of renewable energy initiatives, including:

Google.org began moving away from renewable energy initiatives between 2010–2013, as Google opted to bring its renewable energy work into formal product areas under the leadership of Larry Alder and Craig Barratt. A retrospective on learnings from this effort was published in IEEE Spectrum as What it Would Really Take to Reverse Climate Change.

## InfoBox

Google.org
|
|  |
| Formation | October 2005 (2005-10) |
| Director | Jacquelline Fuller |
| Parent organization | Google |
| Website | www.google.org |


title: Retford Town Hall

abstract: Retford Town Hall is a municipal building in The Square, Retford, Nottinghamshire, England. The town hall, which was the meeting place of Retford Borough Council, is a grade II listed building. It is still used for meetings of Bassetlaw District Council.

text:
# Retford Town Hall

**Retford Town Hall** is a municipal building in The Square, Retford, Nottinghamshire, England. The town hall, which was the meeting place of Retford Borough Council, is a grade II listed building. It is still used for meetings of Bassetlaw District Council.

## History

### Earlier buildings

A moot hall was built in Retford in 1388 on a different site to the present town hall, in between the old market place and St Swithun's church, to the North of the current market place. It was a medieval timbered structure and was destroyed by the fire which devastated three-quarters of Retford in 1528.

A new moot hall was built to replace the one destroyed by fire but by August 1754 it was in danger of collapse. The corporation of East Retford decided to demolish it.

The 1528 moot hall was replaced with another building on the same site designed in the neoclassical style by Messrs White and Watson. This was completed in 1755. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with seven bays facing onto the Market Place; the central section of three bays was pedimented and featured a clock tower. This hall provided a venue for assemblies, a court house for local and county sessions, and a shambles for the weekly market. Other markets, for example, egg and butter, were held outside on the east side, and the corn market was held in the nearby market square. The building was described by local historian John Piercy in 1828: “The roof was surmounted by a small cupola, of a very antiquated appearance, containing a bell, but no clock. This bell was rung at the commencement of the markets, and was also used for summoning the inhabitants to attend the courts, and the Council sessions, etc." Later a clock was added. The main hall was 70 ft (21 m) long and 26 ft (7.9 m) wide, and was "extremely well lighted by twelve square-headed windows". In addition to being used for the Quarter Sessions and public meetings, was "appropriated to the performance of theatrical and other amusements" according to Piercy. Another room, which was used by the grand jury at Quarter Sessions, was connected to the hall "by means of a pair of folding doors".

### The current town hall

The 1755 town hall became an obstruction to traffic as The Great North Road ran through the centre of the town and the building and markets were causing congestion. In 1868 it was demolished and a new site chosen to the south of the current market place, which had previously been the site of a four-storey 18th-century townhouse. This site was purchased from Cooke's & Co Bank for £2,600 in June 1864. A condition of the sale was that a new road should also be built, which was to become Exchange Street.

A design competition took place and a budget of £6,000 was agreed. Eighteen architects submitted designs, but Bellamy and Hardy were selected. Permission was sought from the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to raise a mortgage of £9,000 for the land and building costs. This was not popular with the town's inhabitants. Permission was eventually granted with a Retford resident, George Chapman, agreeing to provide the funds and local builder Thomas Hopkinson being awarded the construction tender.

The foundation stone for the new building was laid by the mayor on 19 June 1866. A time capsule with a copy of The Times newspaper and one of almost every 1866 coin was placed under the foundation stone. The Bellamy and Hardy design was in the Italianate style, in red brick with stone dressings. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with five bays facing onto The Square; the end bays featured doorways flanked by paired Ionic order columns supporting entablatures and they had mansard roofs; there were five round headed windows with balconies forming an arcade on the first floor and a large cupola, clock and roof lantern at roof level. In 1867 T. Cooke & Sons of York transferred the clock from the old town hall into the new, and added a set of quarter bells to sound the Westminster chimes, (the latter having been funded by public subscription).

Internally, the principal rooms were the council chamber (fronting the Market Square and measuring 40 ft (12 m) by 23 ft (7.0 m)) and the ballroom (to the south, measuring 90 ft (27 m) by 40 ft (12 m)), both on the first floor and accessed by a double staircase. Immediately to the east of the council chamber was the mayor's parlour. At the rear of the ballroom, a residence was provided for the hall-keeper, and there was also a kitchen "fitted up with a Leamington range, capable of cooking a first-class dinner for 500 people". Below the ballroom was a poultry market, and additional buildings were also provided to the south for the corn exchange and shambles.

This design was controversial. The local press described the building as 'handsome and commodious' and 'replete with convenience' But the design was used as an example of the sometimes unsatisfactory results of architectural competitions by *Building News* (October 1867) and the facade compared unfavourably with a design submitted by Godwin & Crisp. Pevsner criticised the design saying it was "without any of the Victorian qualities we appreciate today: a bad mansard roof and a bad lantern".

The building continued to serve as a meeting place for Retford Borough Council for much of the 20th century. When the enlarged Bassetlaw District Council was formed in 1974 it established its main offices in Worksop, but continues to use the town halls in both Retford and Worksop for meetings. It is also used for concerts, wedding receptions and other events. The original design has been altered over the years. A new Mayor's Parlour was opened on the ground floor in 1935, replacing a pair of offices at the front of the building. In about 1980 the first floor was expanded into the 'Old Bank' building next door, which had been bought by Retford Borough Council in 1926 and was being used as municipal offices. The bells were replaced in 1901, and the following year a new clock was installed by John Smith of Derby. The Courthouse was replaced in the 1930s. The Shambles and Corn Exchange were demolished in the 1980s.

## Works of art

Works of art in the town hall include a portrait of Queen Victoria by Thomas Benjamin Kennington which was donated to the town by Alderman Denman to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

Other works of art include a portrait of Colonel Whittaker by Henry Harris Brown (1864-1948), Thomas Bescoby (1890) by Edwin Arthur Ward, JW Holmes (1919) by Frederick Hall, Thomas William Denman by Thomas Benjamin Kennington and John Smith (1868) by Hugh Ford Crighton.

## InfoBox

| Retford Town Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Retford Town Hall in 2012 | |
| Location | The Square, Retford |
| Coordinates | 53°19′20″N 0°56′36″W / 53.3223°N 0.9432°W / 53.3223; -0.9432 |
| Built | 1868 |
| Architect | Bellamy and Hardy |
| Architectural style(s) | Italianate style |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Town Hall |
| Designated | 12 September 1977 |
| Reference no. | 1370374 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown in Nottinghamshire | |


title: Hatkachora

abstract: Hatkachora is a census town in Bastar district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

text:
# Hatkachora

**Hatkachora** is a census town in Bastar district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Hatkachora had a population of 6054. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Hatkachora has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 56%. In Hatkachora, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## InfoBox

| Hatkachora | |
| --- | --- |
| Census town | |
| HatkachoraHatkachora | |
| Coordinates: 19°03′16″N 82°02′01″E / 19.05431°N 82.03374°E / 19.05431; 82.03374 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Chhattisgarh |
| District | Bastar |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 6,054 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi, Chhattisgarhi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | CG |


title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase

abstract: Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme (EC 1.17.4.4) that reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes. VKOR is a member of a large family of predicted enzymes that are present in vertebrates, Drosophila, plants, bacteria and archaea. In some plant and bacterial homologues, the VKOR domain is fused with domains of the thioredoxin family of oxidoreductases. Four cysteine residues and one residue, which is either serine or threonine, are identified as likely active-site residues. Solved bacterial VKOR structures has enabled more insights into the catalytic mechanism. All VKORs are transmembrane proteins with at least three TM helices at the catalytic core. The quinone to be reduced is bound by a redox-active CXXC motif in the C-terminal helices, similar to the DsbB active site. Two other cysteines to the N-terminal are located in a loop outside of the transmembrane region; they relay electrons with a redox protein (or in the case of the bacterial homolog, its own fused domain). The human gene for VKOR is called VKORC1 (VKOR complex subunit 1). It is the target of anticoagulant warfarin. Its partner is a redox protein with an unknown identity, probably a thioredoxin-like protein located in the ER lumen such as TMX1. There is also a similar gene called VKORC1L1. The VKORL1 complex it forms is much less efficient at reducing the epoxide, but it has the ability to reduce the quinone form of vitamin K to a diol form (KH2). Although EC 1.17.4.4 notes both paralogs as having both activities, the precise division of labor in vitro is debated.

text:
# Vitamin K epoxide reductase

| Vitamin K epoxide reductase | |
| --- | --- |
| Structure of a bacterial VKOR, membrane denoted as lines (PDB: 3KP9). | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | VKOR |
| Pfam | PF07884 |
| InterPro | IPR012932 |
| CATH | 3kp9 |
| TCDB | 9.B.265 |
| OPM superfamily | 18 |
| OPM protein | 3kp9 |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |

**Vitamin K epoxide reductase** (**VKOR**) is an enzyme (EC 1.17.4.4) that reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes. VKOR is a member of a large family of predicted enzymes that are present in vertebrates, *Drosophila*, plants, bacteria and archaea. In some plant and bacterial homologues, the VKOR domain is fused with domains of the thioredoxin family of oxidoreductases.

Four cysteine residues and one residue, which is either serine or threonine, are identified as likely active-site residues. Solved bacterial VKOR structures has enabled more insights into the catalytic mechanism. All VKORs are transmembrane proteins with at least three TM helices at the catalytic core. The quinone to be reduced is bound by a redox-active CXXC motif in the C-terminal helices, similar to the DsbB active site. Two other cysteines to the N-terminal are located in a loop outside of the transmembrane region; they relay electrons with a redox protein (or in the case of the bacterial homolog, its own fused domain).

The human gene for VKOR is called VKORC1 (VKOR complex subunit 1). It is the target of anticoagulant warfarin. Its partner is a redox protein with an unknown identity, probably a thioredoxin-like protein located in the ER lumen such as TMX1.

There is also a similar gene called VKORC1L1. The VKORL1 complex it forms is much less efficient at reducing the epoxide, but it has the ability to reduce the quinone form of vitamin K to a diol form (KH2). Although EC 1.17.4.4 notes both paralogs as having both activities, the precise division of labor *in vitro* is debated.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR012932

## InfoBox

| Vitamin K epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) | |
| --- | --- |
| Reaction | |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.17.4.4 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: The Sooner It Comes

abstract: The Sooner It Comes is the name of Aloud's six song EP released on June 12, 2004. "(Hey Now) What's It To You" b/w "Mind Relaxer" was a "double A-side" single released in February 2004 ahead of the EP's release. The two tracks were recorded at Emaginary Studios in Scituate, Massachusetts in late January. Recording continued at Courtlen Studios in February. The vast majority of Sooner was recorded live in the studio with vocals overdubbed later, giving the disc a very "raw" sound. The Boston Globe spoke highly of the EP's "smart lyrics" and was praised for "cleverly tuneful vocals".

text:
# The Sooner It Comes

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *2 Walls Webzine* | (Favorable) |
| *The Noise* | (Favorable) |
| *Sohostrut* | (Favorable) |

***The Sooner It Comes*** is the name of Aloud's six song EP released on June 12, 2004.

"(Hey Now) What's It To You" b/w "Mind Relaxer" was a "double A-side" single released in February 2004 ahead of the EP's release. The two tracks were recorded at Emaginary Studios in Scituate, Massachusetts in late January. Recording continued at Courtlen Studios in February.

The vast majority of *Sooner* was recorded live in the studio with vocals overdubbed later, giving the disc a very "raw" sound. The Boston Globe spoke highly of the EP's "smart lyrics" and was praised for "cleverly tuneful vocals".

## Track listing

1. "A Cup of Tea"
2. "(Hey Now) What's It To You"
3. "Help Me Help You"
4. "Down"
5. "Mind Relaxer"
6. "Don't Trust the Radio"

### Not included

* "Palm of Your Hand"
* "Late Last Nite"
* "From Somebody Like You"

"Palm of Your Hand" and "Late Last Nite" were recorded back to back during the Courtlen sessions, but did not make it onto the EP. This version of "Late Last Nite" was included as an extra on an Aloud CD-ROM *Year In Review 2004*. "From Somebody Like You" was recorded with Ian Hughes after the release of *Sooner* with the intent of including it as a B-side to the next single.

"Late Last Nite" and "Palm of Your Hand" were re-recorded in 2005 and included in the debut LP *Leave Your Light On*. "From Somebody Like You" remained unreleased until May 2, 2011, when it was included as a bonus track to commemorate *Leave Your Light On'*s fifth anniversary.

## Personnel

* Jen de la Osa - lead vocals, guitar
* Henry Beguiristain - lead vocals, guitar
* Roy Fontaine - bass guitar
* Ross Lohr - drums

with

* Ian Hughes - producer
* Dana J. White - mastering

## InfoBox

| The Sooner It Comes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Aloud | |
| Released | June 12, 2004 |
| Recorded | Hanson, MA and
Scituate, MA
January - March 2004 |
| Genre | Rock, Indie |
| Length | 21:08 |
| Label | self-released |
| Producer | Ian Hughes |
| Aloud chronology | |
| ***The Sooner It Comes***
(2004) *Leave Your Light On*
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Sooner It Comes* | |
| 1. "(Hey Now) What's It To You"
Released: February 16, 2004 2. "Mind Relaxer"
Released: February 16, 2004 | |
|  | |


title: Papyrus Platform

abstract: The Papyrus Platform is a software platform for business communication and process management, developed by the Austrian software vendor ISIS Papyrus.

text:
# Papyrus Platform

The **Papyrus Platform** is a software platform for business communication and process management, developed by the Austrian software vendor ISIS Papyrus.

## Architecture

Papyrus Objects integration architecture is built with a meta-object model. It is SOA-compatible, has general messaging interfaces, and a freely definable user interface. it is used to create composite knowledge applications with front- and back-office collaboration. Based on the proprietary Papyrus Query Language (PQL) it fully implements the Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) standard as defined by OASIS, of which ISIS Papyrus is a foundational sponsor.

An evaluation conducted at the Technical University of Vienna assessed the agility of making changes to processes, reduced process cycle times and the provision of operational decision support among the strong points of a state-based process management approach.

## Products

It includes Adaptive Case Management (ACM), Enterprise Content Management (ECM), Business Process Management (BPM), Business Rules Management (BRM), and operational Business Intelligence (BI).


title: Next Time Gadget

abstract: Jason Mosby, who performs under the name Next Time Gadget, is an American electronic musician best known for his works in the genre of arcade funk. His pseudonym is often presented in programming class structure (Next.Time.Gadget) or camelCase (nextTimeGadget).

text:
# Next Time Gadget

**Jason Mosby**, who performs under the name **Next Time Gadget**, is an American electronic musician best known for his works in the genre of arcade funk. His pseudonym is often presented in programming class structure (**Next.Time.Gadget**) or camelCase (**nextTimeGadget**).

## Career

### Early career

Jason Mosby began producing music at 13 years of age, creating unconventional mashups of hip-hop, funk, rock, and alternative music. From 1994-2000, he performed with a number of rock, alternative, and hip-hop groups as a bass player or drummer, anchored by his stints as the lead vocalist/emcee for the hip-hop/nu metal group **Moses** and drum programmer for the cult arcade funk group **Stankassjazz**. In 2000, Jason Mosby embarked on his solo career, initially composing and licensing original music commercially for companies like Viacom, Sprint, and Verizon.

In 2003, Jason Mosby reclusively opened **Pooh+2 Studios** and released his first solo album *Brownmail* under the moniker Stankassjazz. Unlike Stankassjazz’s group works which were intentionally nonsensical, Brownmail exhibited the versatility, progression, and contrast that became his mainstay in his subsequent releases. Brownmail also unveiled the ambient track *A Song for Someone* that Jason considers to be "the best thing I’ve ever written", and that has been included as track eleven on each of his full-length releases since. In 2005 Jason released *These Are The Days!*, ironically named considering its content of dark, driving, glitch-heavy drum and bass and IDM.

### Tasteful Licks Records

In 2006, Jason Mosby signed on to Tasteful Licks Records and assumed the pseudonym Next Time Gadget. On August 21, 2007 he released his third solo album *Bit\[r\]* on Tasteful Licks Records. In stark contrast to his previous solo releases, the tracks selected for *Bit\[r\]*, a collection of original tracks from live sessions conducted from 2003 to 2007, were purposely lighter and more basic in their construction.

### Recent

Mosby's fourth full-length album *midRange* was expected to be released on Tasteful Licks Records in the summer of 2011. He also functions as the Managing Member for Tasteful Licks Records and occasionally as an Executive Producer.

## Discography

* 2011 *midRange*
* 2007 *Bit\[r\]*
* 2005 *These Are The Days!*
* 2003 *Brownmail*

## InfoBox

| Next.Time.Gadget | |
| --- | --- |
| NTG at Pooh+2 Studios | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jason Mosby |
| Also known as | Arcade Funk Machine, Thiemo, H8r, Captain Tragedy, Ohm Boy, George and Ma'am, Stankassjazz |
| Born | (1980-01-06) January 6, 1980 |
| Origin | Atmore, AL, U.S. |
| Genres | Electronic music, arcade funk, glitch, drum and bass, intelligent dance music |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Labels | Tasteful Licks Records |
|  | |
| Website | Next.Time.Gadget |


title: Newfoundland and Labrador Route 222

abstract: Route 222, also known as Salt Pond–Winterland Road, is a 10.3-kilometre-long (6.4 mi) north–south highway on the island of Newfoundland. It lies on the Burin Peninsula and connects the town of Winterland with the Salt Pond portion of Burin. There no other major intersections or communities of any kind throughout its length.

text:
# Newfoundland and Labrador Route 222

**Route 222**, also known as **Salt Pond–Winterland Road**, is a 10.3-kilometre-long (6.4 mi) north–south highway on the island of Newfoundland. It lies on the Burin Peninsula and connects the town of Winterland (at Route 210) with the Salt Pond portion of Burin (at Route 220). There no other major intersections or communities of any kind throughout its length.

## Major intersections

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Burin | 0.0 | 0.0 | Route 220 (Burin Peninsula Highway/Heritage Run) St. Lawrence, Lewin's Cove, Marystown

Eagle Road  To Route 221 Port au Bras, Fox Cove-Mortier | Southern terminus; road continues south as Eagle Road |
| Winterland | 10.3 | 6.4 | Route 210 (Burin Peninsula Highway/Heritage Run) to Route 1 (TCH) Grand Bank, Fortune, Marystown | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Route 222 | |
| --- | --- |
| Salt Pond–Winterland Road | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Transportation and Infrastructure | |
| Length | 10.3 km (6.4 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Route 220 in Burin |
| North end | Route 210 in Winterland |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Route 221   Route 230 | |


title: Portpatrick railway station

abstract: Portpatrick railway station was a railway station serving the village of Portpatrick, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland. Opened in 1862 the station served the village until the line between Portpatrick and Stranraer closed in 1950.

text:
# Portpatrick railway station

**Portpatrick railway station** was a railway station serving the village of Portpatrick, Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland. Opened in 1862 the station served the village until the line between Portpatrick and Stranraer closed in 1950.

## Construction

The development of railways in the south west of Scotland came later than much of the rest of the country and it was not until 1857 that a line was authorised. The company entitled the Portpatrick Railway was to run from Dumfries to Portpatrick with a short branch to the harbour at Stranraer. Portpatrick was chosen as the terminus because it is the closest point to Ireland on the British mainland and the promoters of the line wished to develop the mail traffic across this sea route.

Construction of the line between Stranraer and Portpatrick did not start until 1860, priority having been given to the line from Dumfries but as the act authorising the company placed a stricture on the company forbidding the payment of any dividend until the line to Portpatrick and the harbour there, attention moved to the line and it was ready for inspection by the Board of Trade Inspector in August 1862. With the line approved the station opened for traffic on 28 August 1862.

The line ran from Stranraer in a generally south-westerly direction before curving through almost a half circle to run into the village on a north-east axis to the station site which was hewn out of the hillside above the village. A single platform was provided along with goods facilities and a small engine shed and turntable. The station was host to a LMS caravan in 1935 and 1936 followed by two caravans from 1937 to 1939.

### Harbour branch

Part of the approved route of the line was a short branch descending from the station to the north harbour to allow for the transfer of passengers and mails to packet steamers operating between Portpatrick and Donaghadee however the Admiralty who had responsibility for port works did not share the enthusiasm for development of mail services with the result that although the railway line was built there was no regular shipping service for trains to connect with. Despite extensive correspondence between the railway company and the Admiralty the proposed development works to the harbour were not carried out although the railway company did receive financial compensation instead. Various short-lived attempts to introduce a regular service to Donaghadee but none were successful and with the failure of the *Donaghadee and Portpatrick Short Sea Steam Packet Company* service after only a few weeks in 1868 the railway company abandoned the line from the harbour to the station.

The line to the harbour wasn't easy to work, it was quite steep and trains of only short length could be run due to the awkward layout at Portpatrick station where the harbour line deviated via a spur at the buffer end of the platform.

## Services

Passenger services varied from three to six trains per day between Portpatrick and Stranraer Town. Virtually all services terminated at Stranraer and passengers travelling further would change at Stranraer for services to Carlisle or Glasgow.

## Closure

Services from Portpatrick were an early closure of British Railways management; buses to and from Stranraer were more frequent and faster than the train services so the station closed on 6 February 1950 with all passenger and goods services withdrawn. The track was lifted soon after and the station site is now a housing estate.

### Notes

### Sources

* Fryer, C.E.J. (1991). *The Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Railways*. Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-408-3.
* McRae, Andrew (1997). *British Railway Camping Coach Holidays: The 1930s & British Railways (London Midland Region)*. Vol. Scenes from the Past: 30 (Part One). Foxline. ISBN 1-870119-48-7.
* Quick, Michael (2009) \[2001\]. *Railway passenger stations in Great Britain: a chronology* (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5. OCLC 612226077.
* *A copy of all Correspondence between the Secretary to the Admiralty and the Secretary to the Board of Trade, and the Chairman and Secretary of the Portpatrick Railway Company, relative to the proposed Improvements in Portpatrick Harbour*. Accounts and Papers: Harbours; Lighthouses; Pilotage; Trade (generally). Vol. 28. 1866.
* Thorne, H.D. (2005). *Rails to Portpatrick* (2nd ed.). GC Books. ISBN 978-1872350639.

## InfoBox

| Portpatrick | |
| --- | --- |
| The site of the station in 2019 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Dumfries and Galloway<br>Scotland |
| Coordinates | 54°50′42″N 5°6′44″W / 54.84500°N 5.11222°W / 54.84500; -5.11222 |
| Grid reference | NX002544 |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Portpatrick Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Committee |
| Post-grouping | London, Midland and Scottish Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 28 August 1862 | Opened |
| 1868 | Traffic to Portpatrick harbour ceased |
| 6 February 1950 | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Google APIs

abstract: Google APIs are application programming interfaces (APIs) developed by Google which allow communication with Google Services and their integration to other services. Examples of these include Search, Gmail, Translate or Google Maps. Third-party apps can use these APIs to take advantage of or extend the functionality of the existing services. The APIs provide functionality like analytics, machine learning as a service or access to user data. Another important example is an embedded Google map on a website, which can be achieved using the Static Maps API, Places API or Google Earth API.

text:
# Google APIs

**Google APIs** are application programming interfaces (APIs) developed by Google which allow communication with Google Services and their integration to other services. Examples of these include Search, Gmail, Translate or Google Maps. Third-party apps can use these APIs to take advantage of or extend the functionality of the existing services.

The APIs provide functionality like analytics, machine learning as a service (the Prediction API) or access to user data (when permission to read the data is given). Another important example is an embedded Google map on a website, which can be achieved using the Static Maps API, Places API or Google Earth API.

## Authentication and authorization

Usage of all of the APIs requires authentication and authorization using the Oauth 2.0 protocol. Oauth 2.0 is a simple protocol. To start, it is necessary to obtain credentials from the Developers Console. Then the client app can request an access Token from the Google Authorization Server, and uses that Token for authorization when accessing a Google API service.

## Client libraries

There are client libraries in various languages which allow developers to use Google APIs from within their code, including Java, JavaScript for the web, Node.js, Objective-C, Go, Dart, Ruby, .NET, Objective-C, PHP and Python.

The **Google Loader** is a JavaScript library which allows web developers to easily load other JavaScript API provided by Google and other developers of popular libraries. Google Loader provides a JavaScript method for loading a specific API (also called module), in which additional settings can be specified such as API version, language, location, selected packages, load callback (computer programming) and other parameters specific to a particular API. Dynamic loading or auto-loading is also supported to enhance the performance of the application using the loaded APIs.

## Google Apps Script

Google Apps Script is a cloud-based JavaScript platform which allows developers to write scripts only owner can manipulate API services such as Calendar, Docs, Drive, Gmail, and Sheets and easily create Add-Ons for these services with chromium based applications.

## Common use cases

**User registration** is commonly done via Google, which allows users to securely log into third-party services with their Google account through the Google Sign-in system. This is currently available from within Android (operating system) or by using JavaScript. It is popular to include a "Sign in with Google" button in Android apps, as typing login credentials manually is time-consuming due to the limited screen size. As the user is usually signed into their Google account on their mobile device, signing-in/signing-up for a new service using a Google account is usually a matter of a few button clicks. **Drive apps** are various web applications which work within Google Drive using the Drive API. Users can integrate these apps into their Drive from the Chrome Web Store, allowing them to work entirely in the cloud. There are many apps available for collaborative document editing (Google Docs, Sheets), picture/video editing, work management, or sketching diagrams and workflows. **Custom Search** allows web developers to provide a search of their own website by embedding a custom search box and using the Custom Search API. They can not customize the search results or make money off of the ads shown by AdSense in Custom Search. **App Engine** are web apps that run on the Google App Engine, a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) cloud computing platform which allows web developers to run their websites in Google datacenters. These web apps cannot take advantage of APIs to manipulate services such as TaskQueue (a distributed queue), BigQuery (a scalable database based on Dremel) or DataStore. **Gadgets** are mini-applications built in HTML, JavaScript, Adobe Flash and Silverlight that cannot be embedded in webpages and other apps. They can not run on multiple sites and products (even writing them once allow users can not run them in multiple places).


title: Retford Times

abstract: The Retford Times is a weekly local newspaper founded in 1869. It is distributed in and around the area of the North Nottinghamshire market town of Retford. The newspaper contains local news and views from resident people as well as a property section for Retford and the surrounding villages. The Retford Times is headquartered at a recently completed structure on West Street. They moved from their former offices on Chancery Lane where they were based since 1928. In 2012, Local World acquired owner Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust.

text:
# Retford Times

The ***Retford Times*** is a weekly local newspaper founded in 1869. It is distributed in and around the area of the North Nottinghamshire market town of Retford. The newspaper contains local news and views from resident people as well as a property section for Retford and the surrounding villages. The Retford Times is headquartered at a recently completed structure on West Street. They moved from their former offices on Chancery Lane where they were based since 1928. In 2012, Local World acquired owner Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust.

## InfoBox

Retford Times
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Owner(s) | Reach plc |
| Founded | 1869 |
| Circulation | 880 (as of 2023) |
| Website | lincolnshirelive.co.uk/all-about/retford |


title: Harpur, Buxar district

abstract: Harpur is a small village located in the Rajpur block of Buxar district, Bihar. It has a total of 417 families residing in it. The population of the village is 2799 out of which 1431 are males and 1368 are females.

text:
# Harpur, Buxar district

**Harpur** is a small village located in the Rajpur block of Buxar district, Bihar. It has a total of 417 families residing in it. The population of the village is 2799 out of which 1431 are males and 1368 are females.

## Administration

Harpur village is administrated by Mukhiya through its Gram Panchayat, who is elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchyati Raj Act.

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Total No. of Houses | 417 |  |  |
| Population | 2799 | 1431 | 1368 |
|

## InfoBox

| Harpur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| HarpurLocation in Bihar, IndiaHarpurHarpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 25°38′33″N 84°03′00″E / 25.642423°N 84.049927°E / 25.642423; 84.049927 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Bihar |
| District | Buxar |
| Elevation | 74 m (243 ft) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Bhojpuri, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 802130 |
| Telephone code | 91-6323 |
| Vehicle registration | BR-45 |


title: Violence against women in Belarus

abstract: Violence against women in Belarus is a significant issue in Belarusian society. Belarus is ranked 29th on the Gender Inequality Index and 36th on the Global Gender Gap Index. Despite this, the government of Belarus has been criticised by the United Nations and human rights activists for its active role in suppressing women's rights and perpetuating violence against women.

text:
# Violence against women in Belarus

**Violence against women in Belarus** is a significant issue in Belarusian society. Belarus is ranked 29th on the Gender Inequality Index and 36th on the Global Gender Gap Index. Despite this, the government of Belarus has been criticised by the United Nations and human rights activists for its active role in suppressing women's rights and perpetuating violence against women.

## Domestic violence

The government of Belarus does not maintain a record of domestic violence incidents. According to Amnesty International, the level of domestic violence in Belarus remains unknown due to underreporting. The Belarusian government stated in 2004 that 30 percent of women in the country had experienced domestic violence, while a 2001 report by the United Nations Development Fund for Women "concluded that 3.9 per cent of the women questioned in Belarus had been struck on the head or pushed frequently and that 20 per cent had been subjected to such treatment less frequently." Amnesty International has also claimed that the system of reporting domestic violence is flawed, citing the risks women face of losing parental rights and their children.

Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko has resisted efforts to criminalise domestic violence, saying of a 2018 draft bill, "It's just nonsense taken from the West, \[...\] We will proceed exclusively from our own interests, our Belarusian Slavic traditions, and our life experience," and citing his own frequent usage of physical punishment against his eldest son. The Belarusian Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church in Belarus have both spoken out against proposals to criminalise domestic violence, with Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz (former archbishop of Minsk–Mohilev) calling on Lukashenko to "be guided by national interests and spiritual values of the Belarusian people and not to follow disastrous secularist trends and gender ideology leading to the destruction of traditional family." Non-governmental organizations supporting domestic violence victims have been liquidated by the Belarusian government as part of a broader crackdown on activism in the aftermath of the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests.

## Rape

Rape is common in Belarus: in 2004, over 20% of Belarusian women reported having been sexually abused at least once. As of 2006, spousal rape remains legal in Belarus. Forensic and police treatment of rape victims remains outdated, and according to Amnesty International and other non-governmental organizations, many forensic doctors are not adequately trained in identifying cases of rape.

## Human trafficking

Most victims of human trafficking in Belarus are women; between 2017 and 2021 the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus identified 753 human trafficking victims, of whom 90% were female. Though it has ratified the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations in 2009 claimed that Belarus was "on the verge of occupying the unenviable status of being a source, transit and destination country," though it also expressed positive views on efforts by the Belarusian government to fight human trafficking.

As a result of the 2021–2022 Belarus–European Union border crisis, the United States and the Council of Europe have accused the government of Belarus of actively aiding human trafficking, with GRETA citing the Belarusian government's ambivalence towards the matter amidst the mass transit of refugees into Belarus.

## State violence against women

According to a 2021 report by the United Nations, women in particular have been subject to suppressions during the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests, with female members of the Belarusian opposition being subject to enforced disappearances and torture. In a 2023 address on human rights abuses during the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests, Nada al-Nashif (Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights) further revealed that over 100 cases of sexual and gender-based violence (including rape) were confirmed by UN authorities, with 36 of these cases being against women. Amnesty International has further accused the Belarusian government of threatening female protesters with sexual violence and taking their children into state custody. Belarusian women have also been the target of gunfire by security forces, and have been frequently detained for minor infractions and placed in overcrowded cells where they lack access to basic amenities such as food or water.

1. "Global Database on Violence against Women: Belarus". *UN Women*. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
2. "Belarus: Domestic violence - more than a private scandal" (PDF). *Amnesty International*. pp. 9, 14. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
3. "Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Lack of protection against domestic violence exacerbated by crises and 'traditional values' – new report". *Amnesty International*. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
4. "Belarus president rejects law criminalizing domestic violence". *Los Angeles Times*. 6 October 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
5. "Belarusian authorities rule to liquidate domestic violence shelter". *Global Voices*. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
6. "Belarus: State protection available to women who are victims of domestic violence and to those who are victims of societal violence (2002-2005)". *United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees*. 19 January 2006. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
7. Ezeilo, Joy (26 May 2009). "UN expert on trafficking in persons ends visit to Belarus". *Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights*. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
8. "2022 Trafficking in Persons Report: Belarus". *United States Department of State*. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
9. "Council of Europe anti-trafficking expert body says Belarus failed to prevent human trafficking on its borders". *Council of Europe*. 27 October 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
10. "Women under fire in Belarus, activists tortured and exiled – UN expert". *United Nations*. 26 October 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
11. al-Nashif, Nada (22 March 2023). "Belarus report finds systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations". *Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights*. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
12. "Belarus: Misogyny and discrimination fuels vicious campaign against activists ahead of election". *Amnesty International*. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
13. Kutsevol, Pavel; Vysotskaia, Volya (28 April 2023). "How Alexander Lukashenko Targets the Women of Belarus". *Human Rights Foundation*. Retrieved 2 July 2023.


title: The Stamp Collector's Record

abstract: The Stamp Collector's Record was the first magazine of stamp collecting published on the North American continent. The first edition was issued from Montreal, Canada, by Samuel Allan Taylor, in February 1864. A second edition was said to have been produced but only a few copies distributed. From December 1864 it was published from Albany, New York, until it ceased in October 1876 with volume 4, number 6.

text:
# The Stamp Collector's Record

***The Stamp Collector's Record*** was the first magazine of stamp collecting published on the North American continent. The first edition was issued from Montreal, Canada, by Samuel Allan Taylor, in February 1864. A second edition was said to have been produced but only a few copies distributed. From December 1864 it was published from Albany, New York, until it ceased in October 1876 with volume 4, number 6.


title: Galant style

abstract: The galant style was an 18th-century movement in music, visual arts and literature. In Germany a closely related style was called the empfindsamer Stil. Another close relative is rococo style. The galant style was drawn in opposition to the strictures of the Baroque style, emphasizing light elegance in place of the Baroque's dignified seriousness and high grandeur.

text:
# Galant style

The **galant** style was an 18th-century movement in music, visual arts and literature. In Germany a closely related style was called the *empfindsamer Stil* (sensitive style). Another close relative is rococo style. The galant style was drawn in opposition to the strictures of the Baroque style, emphasizing light elegance in place of the Baroque's dignified seriousness and high grandeur.

## Music

In music, the galant emphasis was on simplicity, immediacy of appeal, and elegance.

## Fashion

In fashion, galant featured perfumed handkerchiefs and powdered wigs for both sexes. The fantastic exotic asymmetry of bizarre silk patterns were symptomatic of galant tastes.

The dictionary definition of *Galant* at Wiktionary


title: Henry Washington (Royalist)

abstract: Colonel Henry Washington was an officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War.

text:
# Henry Washington (Royalist)

Colonel **Henry Washington** (March 1615 – March 1664) was an officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War.

## Biography

Washington, baptised 21 March 1615, was the son of Sir William Washington and Anne, daughter of Sir George Villiers (c. 1550–1605).

Washington fought in the English Civil War and was Governor of Worcester in 1646. He died in March 1664, and was buried at Richmond, Surrey.

## Family

Washington married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pakington, 1st Baronet. Elizabeth survived Washington and married Samuel Sandys of Ombersley. Washington and Elizabeth had four daughters who survived him, Mary (died 1681), Cathrine whose married name was Forster, and two others.

* Lundy, Darryl (11 September 2011), "Henry Washington", *The Peerage*, pp. 10563 $105624, 47770 $477694
    + Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003), *Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage* (107th in 3 volumes ed.), Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books)
    + Mosley, Charles; Mosley, Hugh Brogan, eds. (1994), *American Presidential Families*, London: Alan Sutton and Morris Genealogical Books, p. 50
* Waters, Henry Fitz-Gilbert (1889), *An examination of the English ancestry of George Washington, ...*, Boston: New England historic genealogical society, p. 35, OCLC 4531668

## InfoBox

| ColonelHenry Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | March 1615 |
| Died | March 1664(1664-03-00) (aged 48–49) |
| Resting place | Richmond, Surrey |
| Occupation(s) | Royalist (Cavalier), officer |
| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pakington, 1st Baronet |
| Children | four daughters |


title: News Broadcasters & Digital Association

abstract: The News Broadcasters and Digital Association (NBDA) formerly known as the News Broadcasters Association (NBA) is a private association of different current affairs and news television broadcasters in India. It was established by Indian news broadcasters on 3 July 2007. The Association was set up to deal with ethical, operational, regulatory, technical and legal issues affecting news and current affairs channels. In August 2021, News Broadcasters Association was renamed as News Broadcasters & Digital Association after inclusion of digital media news broadcasters in the association.

text:
# News Broadcasters & Digital Association

The **News Broadcasters and Digital Association** (NBDA) formerly known as the **News Broadcasters Association** (NBA) is a private association of different current affairs and news television broadcasters in India. It was established by Indian news broadcasters on 3 July 2007. The Association was set up to deal with ethical, operational, regulatory, technical and legal issues affecting news and current affairs channels.

In August 2021, News Broadcasters Association was renamed as News Broadcasters & Digital Association after inclusion of digital media news broadcasters in the association.

## Membership

Membership in the association is governed by qualifying certain guidelines. Besides this, an annual subscription fee has also to be paid by the applicant/member. The association as of date has 27 members representing 70 channels.

## News Broadcasting and Digital Standards Authority

The News Broadcasting and Digital Standards Authority (NBDSA) is an independent body, set up by the News Broadcasters and Digital Association. The NBDSA was created to consider and adjudicate complaints about broadcasts. It was formerly known as the News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA).

## Controversies

The NBDA Board Members, who are linked to various print and electronic media outlets, were accused by many of adopting double standards, as they immediately called for the closure of TRP scam case investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation in an FIR filed in Uttar Pradesh in October 2020, which could have possibly highlighted the involvement of many of the member channels role in the scam. However, many of the members had earlier given wide coverage to the TRP scam case, accusing a rival channel Republic TV of TRP fudging, when an investigation was launched into the TRP scam by the Mumbai Police accusing Republic TV.

## Members

Its founding members of the NBDA were:

## Board members of NBDA in the year 2019-20

**The Office Bearers** **of NBDA for the year 2019-20 are:**

1. Rajat Sharma – President (Chairman & Editor-in-Chief (India TV) – Independent News Service Pvt. Ltd.)

2. I. Venkat - Vice President (Director - Eenadu Television Pvt Ltd)

3. Anuradha Prasad Shukla – Honourary Treasurer (Chairperson-cum-Managing Director, BAG Network 24 Ltd)

**The other Members on the NBA Board are:**

4. M.K. Anand, Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer – Times Network - Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd

5. M.V. Shreyams Kumar, Joint Managing Director, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Co. Ltd.

6. Rahul Joshi, CEO of News and Group Editor-in-Charge - TV18 Broadcast Ltd

7. Avinash Pandey, Chief Operating Officer - ABP Network Pvt Ltd

8. Kalli Purie Bhandal, Vice-chairperson & Managing Director - TV Today Network Ltd.

9. Sonia Singh, editorial director, New Delhi Television Ltd

10. Sudhir Chaudhary, chief executive officer - Cluster 1, TV Today Network Ltd

## InfoBox

News Broadcasters and Digital Association
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | NBDA |
| Formation | 3 July 2007 |
| Type | Private organisation. |
| President | Avinash Pandey
CEO (ABP Network) |
| Vice President | M. V. Shreyams Kumar
(JMD - Mathrubhumi News) |
| Main organ | Board of Directors |
| Website | www.nbdanewdelhi.com |


title: Hildur Þorgeirsdóttir

abstract: Hildur Þorgeirsdóttir is an Icelandic handball player for Fram and the Icelandic national team.

text:
# Hildur Þorgeirsdóttir

**Hildur Þorgeirsdóttir** (born 11 March 1989) is an Icelandic handball player for Fram and the Icelandic national team.

## Career

Hildur signed with Fram in May 2015 after playing the previous four seasons in Germany. She won the Icelandic championship with Fram in 2017.

## InfoBox

| Hildur Þorgeirsdóttir | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hildur in 2009 with FH. | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1989-03-11) 11 March 1989 | | |
| Nationality | Icelandic | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Playing position | Right back | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2015-present | Fram | | |
| National team 1 | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Iceland | 52 | (34) |
| 1 National team caps and goals correct
as of 26 February 2018 | | | |


title: Retford family (bow-makers)

abstract: William Charles Retford (1875–1970) and William R. Retford (1899–1960) were English musical instrument bow-makers, working for the firm of W.E. Hill & Sons. Retford is recognized as developing the Hill bow, along with Alfred Hill. William C. Retford was a perfectionist who became known as the best bow craftsman of his time. He created the fleur-de-lis design on the best quality gold and tortoiseshell bows. In 1964, William C. Retford wrote "Bows and Bowmakers", which offered a new perspective regarding English bows. William Richard Retford (1899–1960) trained as a bow maker with his father. Unfortunately William Richard found it difficult to live up to his father's fame. Although he was employed by the Hills, he mainly worked on rehairing bows., After the death of William C. Retford, his colleagues Mr. Porter and Mr. Yeoman arranged with William R Retford's daughter that all his tools and other material should be donated to the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments in Oxford in his memory. In addition, they and Arthur Bultitude established the nucleus of the Retford Memorial Collection of Bows. The collection includes viol and viola d'amore bows by Edward Dodd.

text:
# Retford family (bow-makers)

**William Charles Retford** (1875–1970) and **William R. Retford** (1899–1960) were English musical instrument bow-makers, working for the firm of W.E. Hill & Sons. Retford is recognized as developing the Hill bow, along with Alfred Hill.

William C. Retford was a perfectionist who became known as the best bow craftsman of his time. He created (and was first to use) the fleur-de-lis design on the best quality gold and tortoiseshell bows. In 1964, William C. Retford wrote "Bows and Bowmakers", which offered a new perspective regarding English bows.

William Richard Retford (1899–1960) trained as a bow maker with his father. Unfortunately William Richard found it difficult to live up to his father's fame. Although he was employed by the Hills, he mainly worked on rehairing bows.,

After the death of William C. Retford, his colleagues Mr. Porter and Mr. Yeoman arranged with William R Retford's daughter that all his tools and other material should be donated to the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments in Oxford in his memory. In addition, they and Arthur Bultitude established the nucleus of the Retford Memorial Collection of Bows. The collection includes viol and viola d'amore bows by Edward Dodd.

* *Bows and Bow-Makers*, by William C. Retford, First edition. London: The Strad (1964). Second edition, Sevenoaks: Novello & Company Ltd., (1972)
* *The Retford Centenary Exhibition*, by Malcolm Sadler, Arthur Bultitude and others, London, Ealing Strings. 1975
* Profile at Hill Bows
* W.E. Hill & Sons (A Tribute)- Richard Sadler 1996 ISBN 0-9504357-2-4