title: Give It Up (Twista song)

abstract: "Give It Up" is the first single from Twista's album Adrenaline Rush 2007. The song features Pharrell. The edited version of the song is called "Live It Up."

text:
# Give It Up (Twista song)

"**Give It Up**" is the first single from Twista's album *Adrenaline Rush 2007*. The song features Pharrell. The edited version of the song is called "Live It Up."

## Music video

The music video premiered on AOL Music and on BET. It was directed by Hype Williams and references the video for Kanye West's "Gold Digger", which was also directed by Williams. The song also has a reference to the Red Hot Chili Peppers' song, "Give It Away".

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak
Position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | 88 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Give It Up" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Twista featuring Pharrell | |
| from the album  *Adrenaline Rush 2007* | |
| Released | July 2007 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 3:31 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Songwriter(s) | Carl Mitchell, Pharrell Williams |
| Producer(s) | The Neptunes |
| Twista singles chronology | |
| "5000 Ones"
(2007) "**Give It Up**"
(2007) "Hell No (Leave Home)"
(2007) | |
|  | |
| Pharrell singles chronology | |
| "Sex 'n' Money"
(2006) "**Give It Up**"
(2007) "Blue Magic"
(2007) | |
|  | |


title: Union of Radical Republicans

abstract: The Union of Radical Republicans is a French political party with its origins in the Radical faction of the Republican Pole, an organization rallying together supporters of Jean-Pierre Chevènement's candidacy for the 2002 presidential election. It included members of the Left Radical Party, including Emile Zuccarelli, as well as Valoisien Radicals, including Gérard Benhamou, a former UDF MEP. The U2R has since distanced itself from Chevènement's Citizen and Republican Movement (MRC), and supported François Bayrou's candidacy for the 2007 presidential election. However it later distanced itself from Bayrou and joined The Progressives.

text:
# Union of Radical Republicans

The **Union of Radical Republicans** (*Union des républicains radicaux*, U2R) is a French political party with its origins in the Radical faction of the Republican Pole, an organization rallying together supporters of Jean-Pierre Chevènement's candidacy for the 2002 presidential election. It included members of the Left Radical Party, including Emile Zuccarelli, as well as *Valoisien* Radicals, including Gérard Benhamou, a former UDF MEP.

The U2R has since distanced itself from Chevènement's Citizen and Republican Movement (MRC), and supported François Bayrou's candidacy for the 2007 presidential election. However it later distanced itself from Bayrou and joined The Progressives.


title: Mob Story

abstract: Mob Story is a 1989 Canadian comedy film starring John Vernon, Kate Vernon, Al Waxman and Margot Kidder.

text:
# Mob Story

***Mob Story*** is a 1989 Canadian comedy film starring John Vernon, Kate Vernon, Al Waxman and Margot Kidder.

## Plot

The story is about a New York gangster who is forced to go on the run and hides out in the small town where he grew up.

## Cast

## Production

It was filmed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

## Crew

* *Peter Lhotka* Assistant Production Manager
* *Gilles* *Corbeil*, Cinematography
* *Michael* *Todd*, Editor

## InfoBox

| Mob Story | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Gabriel Markiw
Jancarlo Markiw |
| Written by | David Flaherty
Gabriel Markiw |
| Produced by | Phil Good
Don Haig |
| Starring | John Vernon
Kate Vernon
Al Waxman
Margot Kidder |
| Cinematography | Gilles Corbeil |
| Edited by | Michael Todd |
| Music by | Paul Zaza |
| Distributed by | Cineplex Odeon Films |
| Release date | * November 24, 1989 (1989-11-24) |
| Running time | 94 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |


title: Mob Ties

abstract: "Mob Ties" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his album, Scorpion (2018). It was released as the seventh single from the album on January 6, 2019. The song was produced by Boi-1da and Allen Ritter. The song features additional background vocals by Asheley Turner. It reached the top 20 in Canada and the United States.

text:
# Mob Ties

"**Mob Ties**" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his album, *Scorpion* (2018). It was released as the seventh single from the album on January 6, 2019. The song was produced by Boi-1da and Allen Ritter. The song features additional background vocals by Asheley Turner. It reached the top 20 in Canada and the United States.

## Composition

"Mob Ties" is a trap song that contains samples from Nas's song "Affirmative Action" (1996).

## Commercial performance

### North America

On July 14, 2018, "Mob Ties" entered the charts at number 11 and spent 13 weeks on the *Billboard* Canadian Hot 100 and remained in the top 100 until October 6, 2018. The song spent eight weeks on the US *Billboard* Hot 100, entering the charts at number 13, its immediate peak, on July 14, 2018.

### Internationally

The song has peaked in the top 40 in Australia, Greece, Portugal and has charted on the charts of Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Sweden.

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2018–2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 28 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 67 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 11 |
| France (SNEP) | 85 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 82 |
| Greece International Digital Singles (IFPI) | 26 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 92 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 45 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 31 |
| Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 56 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 61 |
| UK Audio Streaming (OCC) | 13 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 13 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 12 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2018) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 94 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000 |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000 |
| Portugal (AFP) | Gold | 5,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | January 6, 2019 | Urban Contemporary Airplay |  |  |

## InfoBox

| "Mob Ties" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Drake | |
| from the album  *Scorpion* | |
| Released | January 6, 2019 |
| Recorded | 2018 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:25 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
|  | |
| Drake singles chronology | |
| "Mia"
(2018) "**Mob Ties**"
(2019) "Going Bad"
(2019) | |
|  | |


title: Gladden Dye

abstract: Gladden Dye Jr. is a former American football coach. He was the 13th head football coach at Northwest Missouri State University in Maryville, Missouri, serving for five seasons, from 1971 to 1975, and compiling a record of 32–17. Dye attended William Jewell College, where he lettered in football for three years.

text:
# Gladden Dye

**Gladden Dye Jr.** (born c.1934) is a former American football coach. He was the 13th head football coach at Northwest Missouri State University in Maryville, Missouri, serving for five seasons, from 1971 to 1975, and compiling a record of 32–17. Dye attended William Jewell College, where he lettered in football for three years.

## Head coaching record

### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Northwest Missouri State Bearcats** *(Missouri Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1971–1975) | | | | | | | | |
| 1971 | Northwest Missouri State | 4–5 | 2–4 | T–5th |  |
| 1972 | Northwest Missouri State | 7–3 | 5–1 | T–1st |  |
| 1973 | Northwest Missouri State | 6–4 | 4–2 | 2nd |  |
| 1974 | Northwest Missouri State | 8–2 | 5–1 | 1st |  |
| 1975 | Northwest Missouri State | 7–3 | 3–3 | T–3rd |  |
| **Northwest Missouri State:** | | 32–17 | 19–11 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 32–17 |  | | | | | | |
| National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Gladden Dye
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c.1934 |
| Playing career | |
| 1953–1954 | William Jewell |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1957–1959 | Potosi HS (MO) |
| 1960 | Ruskin HS (MO) |
| 1961–1964 | Eastgate Jr. HS (MO) |
| 1965–1970 | Oak Park HS (MO) |
| 1971–1975 | Northwest Missouri State |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 32–17 (college) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| 2 MIAA (1972, 1974) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Gladden Farm

abstract: Gladden Farm, also known as Gladden-Roming Stone House, is a historic home and farm complex located in Street, Maryland. The complex includes three historically-significant structures: a large five-bay rubblestone bank house with Federal detailing, a one-story rubblestone spring house, and a one-story board-and-batten frame shop. The first two structures were built around 1820, the latter from the mid-19th century. Some interior details were installed around 1945 from a demolished house on Franklin Street in Baltimore, including a mantel, built-in cabinets, and bookcases. The main room's north wall is paneled with English oak removed from another demolished Baltimore dwelling. The home is named for the locally prominent Gladden family, who were leading and innovative farmers, who saw to it that the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad was built through this party of the county, and established a station stop near their farm at The Rocks. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

text:
# Gladden Farm

**Gladden Farm**, also known as **Gladden-Roming Stone House**, is a historic home and farm complex located in Street, Maryland. The complex includes three historically-significant structures: a large five-bay rubblestone bank house with Federal detailing, a one-story rubblestone spring house, and a one-story board-and-batten frame shop.

The first two structures were built around 1820, the latter from the mid-19th century. Some interior details were installed around 1945 from a demolished house on Franklin Street in Baltimore, including a mantel, built-in cabinets, and bookcases. The main room's north wall is paneled with English oak removed from another demolished Baltimore dwelling. The home is named for the locally prominent Gladden family, who were leading and innovative farmers, who saw to it that the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad was built through this party of the county, and established a station stop near their farm at The Rocks.

The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Gladden Farm | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Gladden Farm in 2007 | |
|  | |
| Location | 3881 Rocks Station Road, Street, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°38′27″N 76°24′22″W / 39.64083°N 76.40611°W / 39.64083; -76.40611 |
| Area | 114.8 acres (46.5 ha) |
| Built | 1800 (1800) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 93000444 |
| Added to NRHP | May 28, 1993 |


title: Mataafa Storm

abstract: The Mataafa Storm of 1905 was a storm that occurred on the Great Lakes on November 27–28, 1905. The system moved across the Great Basin with moderate depth on November 26 and November 27, then east-northeastward across the Great Lakes on November 28. Fresh east winds were forecast for the afternoon and evening of November 27, with storm warnings in effect by the morning of November 28. Storm-force winds and heavy snows accompanied the cyclone's passage. The storm, named after the steamship Mataafa, ended up destroying or damaging about 29 vessels, killing 36 seamen, and causing shipping losses of US$ 3.567 million on Lake Superior.

text:
# Mataafa Storm

The ***Mataafa* Storm of 1905** was a storm that occurred on the Great Lakes on November 27–28, 1905. The system moved across the Great Basin with moderate depth on November 26 and November 27, then east-northeastward across the Great Lakes on November 28. Fresh east winds were forecast for the afternoon and evening of November 27, with storm warnings in effect by the morning of November 28. Storm-force winds and heavy snows accompanied the cyclone's passage. The storm, named after the steamship *Mataafa*, ended up destroying or damaging about 29 vessels, killing 36 seamen, and causing shipping losses of US$ 3.567 million (1905 dollars) on Lake Superior.

## Weather and forecast

A storm system moving through the Great Basin on November 26 and 27 was forecast to bring "fresh easterly winds" to the Great Lakes during the afternoon and evening on November 27 by the United States Weather Bureau. At 6 p.m., winds at Duluth, Minnesota, had reached 44 miles per hour (71 km/h). Storm warning flags were flying by the morning of November 28 as the cyclone moved into southern Minnesota. At this time, easterly gales and heavy snows had spread across Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie. Five-minute winds reached 68 mph (109 km/h) at Duluth during the early morning of November 28, before dropping below gale force by noon. At Duluth Harbor, lake levels peaked at 2.3 feet (0.70 m) above normal during the storm. The system brought heavy snows within its northern and western side across the northern Great Lakes on November 28 and November 29, with storm warnings continuing for the lower Great Lakes on the morning of November 29.

## The wreck of SS *Mataafa*

At five o'clock in the afternoon on November 27, 1905, the bulk carrier SS *Mataafa* was on her way out of Duluth, loaded with iron ore and towing the barge *James Nasmyth*. She was hit by the storm, and though she struggled on for a short time, by the time she had reached Two Harbors, Minnesota, at 4:00 p.m. the next day, it was clear to her master, Captain R. F. Humble, that she could not make the run. He gave the order to turn about, and she turned her prow toward Duluth.

As she approached the port, it became clear that it was useless to try to bring both steamer and barge through the narrow Duluth Ship Canal into the harbor, so the Captain Humble gave the order to cut *James Nasmyth* loose. Then *Mataafa* attempted to make it into safe harbor alone. She made it about half-way between the twin concrete piers when a backwater surged out. Heavy water struck her stern, driving her prow down to the muddy bottom, and then slammed her stern against the north pier. Her rudder tore off and the water pulled her prow out toward the open lake, then smashed her stern against the south pier. She grounded in the shallow water outside the north pier, where she broke in two, her stern settling slowly into the water.

When the ship broke in two, twelve men were in the aft portion; three of them struggled to the forward portion. The remaining nine remained aboard the after portion and died of exposure during the night; one of the bodies in the after half had to be chopped out of solid ice. The fifteen men in the fore half fared better; although rescue attempts were futile during the stormy night, the next day a small boat made it out, and all fifteen were taken off in two boatloads.

## Other shipping impact

By noon on Sunday, November 26, 1905, the steamer *Butler* emerged from the St. Clair River into Lake Huron. The sky was gray and overcast. For the rest of the day, *Butler* steamed north across Lake Huron. On the morning of Monday, November 27, the steamer '*Joseph G. Butler, Jr.* passed Detour Reef Light and entered the Saint Marys River. Monday afternoon, *Butler* cleared the Soo Locks, just behind the steamer *Bransford*. That afternoon, the temperature was 28 degrees F (-2 degrees C). As the two steamers headed across Whitefish Bay, the barometer started downward, then plummeted, and the snow thickened. By dusk, the lookouts could barely make out the light at Whitefish Point as they cleared the bay into the body of Lake Superior. Here *Bransford* turned northward to follow the Canadian shore to stay north of the storm. *Butler* turned southwestward to take the shorter distance and pressed through the storm.

As *Butler* sighted the Caribou Island Light, the shuddering of the ship changed. The continuous pounding of the waves on the side of the ship became interspersed with a violent shaking. Down in the engine room, the chief engineer knew that the vibration was from the propellers rising out of the water as a trough between waves running up to 10 and 20 feet (3 and 6.5 meters). First the propeller would rise out of the water, and then the spinning blades would crash back into the water. This kind of pounding could open every seam in the vessel. It became his job to stop the blades every time they rose out of the water and get them going again once they were below the surface. If the ship were to lose headway, it would be at the mercy of the storm, but if the vibrations weren’t stopped, the ship would come apart on its own. The next obstacle was Keweenaw Point jutting out into the open lake. The steward reported that the windows were out in the mess and there was 2 feet (61 cm) of water rushing back and forth.

All day Tuesday the 28th, *Butler* fought the boiling seas. At one point, with land not seen and fear of approaching a point of land, *Butler* turned to run with the storm, hoping to clear any unseen shoreline. Late that day, the storm began to abate, and when the captain could once again see across the lake, the light at Outer Island in the Apostles was spotted. Now a new course was set to make for Duluth. The seas were still high, but the wind had let up and the snow had stopped. Some fifty hours out of Lorain, *Butler* was once again on a steady course for Duluth. As she came abreast of Two Harbors, Minnesota, she spotted *Bransford* making for Duluth. Further ahead she sighted another steamer, which turned out to be *Perry G. Walker*, which had sailed from Duluth just two days earlier.

Approaching Duluth, *Butler* sighted more freighters. *James Nasmyth* was anchored out from Minnesota Point, sitting low in the water with a load of iron ore and a thick coating of ice. Then *Butler* sighted *Mataafa*, sitting in the shallows of Minnesota Point and split into several parts. It was noon as *Butler* steamed through the canal into St. Louis Bay, sighting *R. W. England* lying beached on the backside of Minnesota Point, a victim of the high winds the day before.

## The wrecks of November 28

| Ship | Shipping Line | Refuge/Wreck Site | Damage |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Isaac Ellwood* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Duluth | aground |
| *Mataafa* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Duluth | aground |
| *R. W. England* (steamer) | Tomlinson | Duluth |  |
| *Crescent City* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Lakewood (7 m NE of Duluth) | aground against cliffs |
| *Lafayette* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Encampment Island (7 m NE of Two Harbors, Minnesota) | ‘broken up’ |
| *Manila* (barge of *Lafayette*) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Encampment Island (7 m NE of Two Harbors) | aground |
| *William Edenborn* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | nr Split Rock River | hard ashore & broken in two |
| *Madeira* (barge of *Edenborn*) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Gold Rock (3 mi NE) | sunk and broken in two |
| *George Herbert* (scow) |  | Two Island, nr Schroeder, Minnesota | smashed to pieces |
| *George Spencer* (wooden steamer) |  | Thomasville (nr Tofte, Minnesota) | hard aground |
| *Amboy* (barge of *Spencer*) |  |  | hard aground |
| *Monkshaven* (steamer) |  | Pie Island, Port Arthur, Ontario | on the rocks |
| *William E. Corey* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Gull Island (Apostles) | stranded |
| *Western Star* (steamer) |  | Fourteen-Mile Point nr Ontonagon, Michigan | stranded tight |
| *Coralia* (steamer) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Point Isabelle (east side Keweenaw Peninsula) | ‘hung-up’ |
| *Maia* (barge of *Coralia*) | Pittsburgh Steamship | Point Isabelle (east side Keweenaw Peninsula) | ‘hung-up’ |
| *Ira H. Owen* (steamer) | National Steamship | NE of Outer Island (Apostles) | foundered |
| Perry G. Walker (steamer) |  | Two Harbors | Badly damaged deck house |
| *Vega* (steamer) | Gilchrist Transportation Co. | South or North? side of Fox Island | 'broke in two and pounded to pieces' |
| *J.H. Outhwaite* (wooden steamer) | W.C. Richardson | Straits of Mackinac | Driven ashore and burned down. |

## Aftermath

Split Rock Lighthouse was built on Lake Superior, off Silver Bay, Minnesota, because of the storm. The Mataafa storm also spawned Vincent v. Erie, a case which has remained a staple of first year torts classes

## InfoBox

*Mataafa* Storm (1905)
| Weather map of an extratropical cyclone approaching the Great Lakes on the morning of November 28, 1905 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Extratropical cyclone |
| Formed | November 25, 1905 |
| Dissipated | November 29, 1905 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Lowest pressure | \<991 mbar (hPa) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Damage | $3,567,000 |
| Areas affected | Plains, Great Lakes |


title: Under False Flag (1935 film)

abstract: Under False Flag is a 1935 Swedish comedy film directed by Gustaf Molander and starring Ernst Eklund, Tutta Rolf and Allan Bohlin. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm and on location around the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Arne Åkermark. It was a remake of the 1932 German film A Man with Heart.

text:
# Under False Flag (1935 film)

***Under False Flag*** (Swedish: ***Under falsk flagg***) is a 1935 Swedish comedy film directed by Gustaf Molander and starring Ernst Eklund, Tutta Rolf and Allan Bohlin. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm and on location around the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Arne Åkermark. It was a remake of the 1932 German film *A Man with Heart*.

## Synopsis

The bank employee Bertil Lagergren falls in love with the attractive Margot Hammar without realising that she is the daughter of his boss.

## Cast

1. Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland p.114

## Bibliography

* Per Olov Qvist & Peter von Bagh. *Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland*. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.

## InfoBox

| Under False Flag | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Gustaf Molander |
| Written by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Elner Åkesson |
| Music by | Jules Sylvain |
| Production<br>company | Svensk Filmindustri |
| Distributed by | Svensk Filmindustri |
| Release date | * 13 August 1935 (1935-08-13) |
| Running time | 76 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Thomas Jefferson Mayfield

abstract: Thomas Jefferson Mayfield (1843–1928) led a remarkable double life in the early decades of California statehood, living his boyhood as an adopted member of the Choinumni (Choinumne) branch of the Yokuts tribe in the San Joaquin Valley, then rejoining the dominant Anglo-American community throughout his long adulthood.

text:
# Thomas Jefferson Mayfield

**Thomas Jefferson Mayfield** (1843–1928) led a remarkable double life in the early decades of California statehood, living his boyhood as an adopted member of the Choinumni (Choinumne) branch of the Yokuts tribe in the San Joaquin Valley, then rejoining the dominant Anglo-American community throughout his long adulthood.

## Early life

Thomas Jefferson Mayfield was born in 1843, in Brazos County, Texas, the youngest of the three sons of William Mayfield and his first wife, Terissa Faller, of Hardeman County, Tennessee. By 1848, his mother had died and his father was remarried, to Maria or Mary Ann Curd. When he was six, his family came to California by voyage round Cape Horn because violence between Texas settlers and Apache made the San Antonio-El Paso Road land route too dangerous. From San Francisco, they made their way by horse and mule pack south through San Jose and over the Pacheco Pass into the Central Valley. Maria Curd Mayfield died shortly after December 1850. William Mayfield went to herd cattle with Jeff's two older brothers and left young Jeff, as he was known, with local Choinumni, Kings River Yokuts Indians who had befriended the family. For the following decade, Jeff, lived in a village across from his families home at the mouth of Sycamore Creek, on Kings River (now under Pine Flat Lake). He had almost no contact with whites and fully assimilated to their native language and culture. Around the age of eighteen, Mayfield rejoined his family and after 1862 surrendered any sustained ties to the Choinumni.

## Later life

For the remainder of his long adulthood, Mayfield lived as a sheepherder and prospector. In old age, he settled in the mining town of Tailholt, later White River, today a California ghost town in Tulare County.

Mayfield was known throughout the region as Uncle Jeff, a pioneer with a store of lore and thus brought to the attention of the visiting oral historian and ethnographer Frank F. Latta (1892–1981). Shortly before Mayfield's death, Latta persuaded him to dictate his recollections. Latta published them as a series of newspaper articles, and then, after Mayfield's death in 1928, as *San Joaquin Primeval: Uncle Jeff's Story*, a rather hastily put-together and somewhat shoddy edition that he tried for many years to improve upon. Although Latta gradually added additional details on Mayfield, as well as related material from his extensive regional research, it was not until 1976 that he was able to release *Tailholt Tales* as the "complete Mayfield" text. However, current editions rely upon the 1928 book as closer to Thomas Jefferson Mayfield's own understanding of his life as someone once fully native and thereafter part of a culture hostile to traditional ways of life. His oral memoir records a world that was already rapidly vanishing when he encountered it, for by his estimate the Choinumni numbered three hundred in 1850 but no more than forty after 1862.

## Footnotes

* Two short radio episodes *Remembrance* and *Tules* from *Indian Summer*, 1929, by Thomas Jefferson Mayfield at California Legacy Project.


title: Gmina Halinów

abstract: Gmina Halinów is an urban-rural gmina in Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Halinów, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki and 24 km (15 mi) east of Warsaw. The gmina covers an area of 63.09 square kilometres (24.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,538.

text:
# Gmina Halinów

**Gmina Halinów** is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Halinów, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki and 24 km (15 mi) east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 63.09 square kilometres (24.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,538 (out of which the population of Halinów amounts to 3,369, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 9,169).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Halinów, Gmina Halinów contains the villages and settlements of Brzeziny, Budziska, Chobot, Cisie, Desno, Długa Kościelna, Długa Szlachecka, Grabina, Hipolitów, Józefin, Kazimierów, Królewskie Brzeziny, Krzewina, Michałów, Mrowiska, Nowy Konik, Okuniew, Stary Konik, Wielgolas Brzeziński, Wielgolas Duchnowski, Zagórze and Żwirówka.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Halinów is bordered by the towns of Sulejówek and Zielonka, and by the gminas of Dębe Wielkie and Wiązowna.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Halinów Halinów Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Halinów): 52°14′N 21°21′E / 52.233°N 21.350°E / 52.233; 21.350 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Masovian |
| County | Mińsk |
| Seat | Halinów |
| Area | |
| Total | 63.09 km2 (24.36 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 15,070 |
| Density | 240/km2 (620/sq mi) |
| Urban | 3,654 |
| Rural | 11,416 |
| Website | http://www.halinow.pl/135-40d070cc806e0.htm |


title: Glenn K. Rieth

abstract: Major General Glenn K. Rieth served as Adjutant General of New Jersey and the commander of the New Jersey Army and Air National Guard, which compose the New Jersey Department of Military Affairs. His service began in March 2002 and ended with his resignation in December 2011.

text:
# Glenn K. Rieth

**Major General Glenn K. Rieth** (born November 27, 1957, in Livingston, New Jersey) served as Adjutant General of New Jersey and the commander of the New Jersey Army and Air National Guard, which compose the New Jersey Department of Military Affairs. His service began in March 2002 and ended with his resignation in December 2011.

## Early life and career

Raised in Livingston, New Jersey, Rieth graduated from Livingston High School in 1976. He played quarterback on the high school's football team.

Rieth earned a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration from The Citadel, where he was a Distinguished Military Graduate. Rieth's military service began in 1980. He received his commission as a Second Lieutenant through the Army Reserve Officer Training Corps. He earned his pilot's wings at Fort Rucker, Alabama, in July 1981. Prior to being appointed as Adjutant General of New Jersey, Rieth was Director of the State Army Aviation Office for the New Jersey Army National Guard. On January 3, 2006, Governor-elect Jon Corzine announced he would re-appoint Major General Rieth to another term as Adjutant General in his administration.

Rieth was an Army helicopter pilot for four years before joining New Jersey's National Guard as an active duty officer. His father, Kenneth Rieth, was the state's deputy adjutant general in the Democratic administration of Jim Florio. The elder Rieth retired in 1991 as a Brigadier General. The younger Rieth's father-in-law, G. Bruce Eveland, reportedly recommended that then-Governor McGreevey, hire Rieth, according to Jack McGreevey, father of the former governor and a longtime friend of Eveland.

## Adjutant General

Glenn Rieth was appointed Adjutant General in 2002 by Governor James E. McGreevey and confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on March 4, 2002. He held the post until resigning in December 2011 in a scandal over his relationship with a female subordinate.

On January 15, 2010, Governor-elect Chris Christie announced he would re-appoint Major General Rieth for another term as Adjutant General. Both had been raised in Livingston and their families knew each other. Major General Rieth served under both Democratic and Republican governors spanning the administrations of McGreevey, Corzine, and Christie, as well as Richard Codey.

On December 1, 2011, however, Reith resigned, effective December 15, 2011, after having had an affair with a female co-worker, a government official said. After leaving the adjutant general's position, Rieth was employed as deputy director of the Mercer County Park Commission.

## Education

## Assignments

* October 1980 - July 1981, United States Army Rotary and Fixed Wing Flight Schools, Fort Rucker, Alabama.
* July 1981 - May 1984, platoon leader, assistant S-3, Aero Recon (UH-1), Air Cavalry Troop, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fort Bliss, Texas.
* June 1984 - June 1985, commander, Aero Recon (UH-1), Air Cavalry Troop, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, Fort Bliss, Texas.
* June 1985 - October 1987, aviation brigade safety officer and flight instructor, 50th Armored Division, Army Aviation Support Facility #1, Trenton-Mercer Airport, NJ.
* November 1987 - February 1990, operations officer (S-3), 1st Battalion, 150th Aviation, Army Aviation Support Facility # 1, Trenton-Mercer Airport, NJ.
* March 1990 - October 1992, air operations officer, (G-3 Air), Headquarters 50th Armored Division, Somerset, NJ.
* November 1992 - September 1995, commander, 1st Battalion, 150th Aviation, Army Aviation Support Facility # 1, Trenton-Mercer Airport, NJ.
* October 1995 - January 1999, recruiting and retention commander, New Jersey Army National Guard, Fort Dix, NJ.
* February 1999 - January 2002, director, State Army Aviation Office, Army Aviation Support Facility # 1, Trenton-Mercer Airport, New Jersey.
* March 2002 – December 2011, The Adjutant General of New Jersey, New Jersey Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Trenton, New Jersey.

## Flight information

* Rating: Instructor Pilot, Pilot-in-Command
* Master Army Aviator Badge
* Flight Hours: Over 3,000
* Aircraft Flown: AH-1, UH-1, T-42, U-8

## Major awards and decorations

## Effective dates of promotion

## InfoBox

| Glenn K. Rieth | |
| --- | --- |
| Glenn K. Reith, former Adjutant General of the New Jersey National Guard. | |
| Born | (1957-11-27) November 27, 1957
Livingston, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Army
New Jersey Army National Guard |
| Years of service | 1980-2011 |
| Rank | Major general |
| Unit | New Jersey Army National Guard |
| Commands | New Jersey National Guard (2002-2011) |
| Awards | Legion of Merit
Meritorious Service Medal
Army Commendation Medal |
| Other work | Deputy director, Mercer County Park Commission |


title: Matt Anderson (baseball)

abstract: Matthew Jason Anderson is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher. The first overall pick in the 1997 MLB Draft, he played for the Detroit Tigers and Colorado Rockies between 1998 and 2005.

text:
# Matt Anderson (baseball)

**Matthew Jason Anderson** (born August 17, 1976) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher. The first overall pick in the 1997 MLB Draft, he played for the Detroit Tigers and Colorado Rockies between 1998 and 2005.

## Early life and college career

Anderson attended St. Xavier High School, which was also attended by MLB players Paul Byrd, Chris Burke, and Jack Savage. After high school, he went on to Rice University. In 1995, Anderson was a Southwest Conference all-star. In 1996, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and was named the league's top pro prospect. In 1997 he was a Western Athletic Conference all-star and a First Team College All-American. Anderson set Rice University records for career wins (30) and saves (14), and also posted a 1.82 earned run average (ERA) during his final year with the team. In the 1997 amateur entry draft, Anderson was selected first overall by the Detroit Tigers. He eventually signed with the team for a $2.5 million signing bonus.

## Professional career

Anderson was named the 24th best prospect in 1998 by Baseball America. In 1998, he was called up by the Tigers from the minors, where he had an ERA under 0.70. In his first Major League season, he went 5–1 with a 3.27 ERA in 42 games. He also struck out 44 batters in 44 innings pitched. Anderson's numbers were never again as impressive as those of his rookie season, although he was able to record 22 saves (with a 4.82 ERA) in 2001.

In May 2002, Anderson tore a muscle in the armpit of his throwing arm while throwing a bullpen session. Earlier the same day, he had participated in a Tigers-sponsored fan octopus-throwing contest along with Jeff Weaver, leading to the perception (though disputed by Anderson) that he'd torn the muscle in hopes of winning Detroit Red Wings playoff tickets. After returning from the injury, he was unable to hit 90 mph on his fastball in his remaining days in Detroit, after regularly topping 100 mph on the radar gun, including a high mark of 103 mph twice.

After spending all of 2004 in AAA for the Tigers, Anderson made his final appearances in the bigs in 2005. Anderson walked 11 batters and gave up 19 hits in 10 innings with the Colorado Rockies that season.

Anderson started the 2006 season with the Triple-A Fresno Grizzlies in the San Francisco Giants organization. After going 1–2 with a 9.17 ERA in 29 games in relief with them, he was released by the Giants and signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish of the independent Atlantic League, where he went 1–1 with a 4.11 ERA in 15 games.

After not pitching at all in 2007, he was signed to a minor league contract with a non-roster invitation to spring training for 2008 by the Chicago White Sox. He did not make the team and pitched for the Charlotte Knights, the White Sox's Triple-A team.

On January 14, 2011, Anderson signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. On April 2, 2011, he was released.

## InfoBox

| Matt Anderson | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1976-08-17) August 17, 1976<br>Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 25, 1998, for the Detroit Tigers | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 1, 2005, for the Colorado Rockies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 15–7 |
| Earned run average | 5.19 |
| Strikeouts | 224 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Matt Barlow

abstract: Matthew Barlow is an American heavy metal singer. He is the lead singer for Ashes of Ares and former lead singer of Iced Earth and Pyramaze. He is Jon Schaffer's brother-in-law.

text:
# Matt Barlow

**Matthew Barlow** (born March 10, 1971) is an American heavy metal singer. He is the lead singer for Ashes of Ares and former lead singer of Iced Earth and Pyramaze. He is Jon Schaffer's brother-in-law.

## History

Barlow joined Iced Earth after the *Night of the Stormrider* tour with Blind Guardian in Europe, as a replacement for John Greely. The first album Barlow can be heard on is *Burnt Offerings* (1995). Barlow left the band in 2003, much to the chagrin of many fans. His reason for leaving was due to personal beliefs related to the September 11 terrorist attacks. He took a look at his life and realized that he wanted to contribute to the "real world" instead of living the illusion of a "rock star." He approached Jon Schaffer with this in late 2002, but Schaffer, known for his persuasive personality, convinced Barlow to stay with the band. When the band recorded *The Glorious Burden*, Schaffer decided that Barlow's vocals were not what he desired them to be; he believed they lacked the passion and quality that Barlow was known for. He decided to let Barlow go after all and hired Tim "Ripper" Owens, former lead singer of Judas Priest.

Barlow became a police officer in the police department in Georgetown, Delaware. He was also a vocalist for the First State Force Band, which is made up of law enforcement members from different departments throughout Delaware. The band performs for schools, aiming to promote positive values through music.

On April 13, 2007, Barlow returned to music more fully as the new lead singer of Danish progressive power metal band Pyramaze. Barlow accepted the offer to join Pyramaze because it would allow him to return to the music scene, while still being able maintain his current job.

However, on December 11, 2007, it was announced that Barlow had officially re-joined Iced Earth and would be singing on *The Crucible of Man* and following albums. Pyramaze confirmed that he would remain with them to record their album *Immortal*, but that their professional relationship would end there.

On March 3, 2011, Matt Barlow announced that he will again be leaving Iced Earth after the band finishes its European festival shows, citing his commitment to his family and the need for Iced Earth to tour more as his reasons for retirement. On August 6, Barlow performed his farewell show with Iced Earth at the Wacken Open Air festival.

On June 26, 2012, Barlow announced on his Facebook page the creation of a new band named Ashes of Ares with former Iced Earth bassist Freddie Vidales and Nevermore drummer Van Williams, posting on YouTube two one-minute teaser videos. The band signed with Nuclear Blast, and the self-titled album released on September 6, 2013.

In May 2013, Barlow contributed vocals to American power metal band Artizan's album *Ancestral Energy*, being featured on the album's final track.

On January 1, 2017, a joint project with Jonah Weingarten of Pyramaze named We Are Sentinels was announced by Barlow on his Facebook page.

In 2020 he reunited with Jon Schaffer for a christmas EP, *Winter Nights* under the banner Schaffer/Barlow Project.

## Discography

### Cauldron

* Cauldron Demo (1990)
* *Driven by Hate* (1993)

### Iced Earth

**Studio albums**

**Live albums**

* *Alive in Athens* (1999)
* *Alive in Athens* (2006, DVD)
* *Festivals of the Wicked* (2011)

### Pyramaze

**Studio albums**

### Ashes of Ares

**Studio albums**

* *Ashes of Ares* (2013)
* *Well of Souls* (2018)
* *Emperors and Fools* (2022)

### We Are Sentinels

* *We Are Sentinels* (2018)

### Schaffer/Barlow Project

* *Winter Nights* (2020)

## InfoBox

| Matt Barlow | |
| --- | --- |
| Barlow in 2010 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Matthew Barlow |
| Born | (1971-03-10) March 10, 1971<br>Biloxi, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |
| Years active | 1988–2003, 2007–2011, 2012–present |
| Member of |  |
| Formerly of |  |


title: Thomas Espeseth

abstract: Thomas Espeseth is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist and Professor of Psychology at the University of Oslo. He researches cognitive neurogenetics, such as genetic effects on the brains's morphology, physiology, and cognitive functions. In 2008 he received His Majesty The King's Gold Medal for his research. According to Google Scholar, he has been cited over 15000 times in scientific literature and has an h-index of 54.

text:
# Thomas Espeseth

**Thomas Espeseth** (born 1973) is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist and Professor of Psychology at the University of Oslo. He researches cognitive neurogenetics, such as genetic effects on the brains's morphology, physiology, and cognitive functions. In 2008 he received His Majesty The King's Gold Medal for his research. According to Google Scholar, he has been cited over 15000 times in scientific literature and has an h-index of 54.

1. Thomas Espeseth, University of Oslo
2. Thomas Espeseth, *Google Scholar*


title: This Is Ivy League

abstract: This Is Ivy League was an indie band formed in 2005 by friends Ryland Blackinton and Alex Suarez.

text:
# This Is Ivy League

**This Is Ivy League** was an indie band formed in 2005 by friends Ryland Blackinton and Alex Suarez (of Cobra Starship).

## Formation

Alex and Ryland met in 1997 in high school. Both were avid guitar players and both played in local bands with varying degrees of accolade. This Is Ivy League formed in August 2005 when Ryland discovered that Alex was not only still playing music but living just ten minutes away from him in Brooklyn, New York and the two began a collaboration. Although they spent most of their time touring with Cobra Starship, Alex and Ryland continued to write songs for This Is Ivy League, vowing to record an album once Cobra settled down. The album was released on April 1, 2008 on TwentySeven Records. The album, like the *London Bridges* EP, was recorded entirely between the duo's Brooklyn apartments.

## Discography

* *London Bridges* EP
* *This Is Ivy League*

## InfoBox

| This Is Ivy League | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Acoustic, pop, indie |
| Years active | 2005–2014 |
| Labels | TwentySeven Records |
|  | |
| Members |  |


title: Glenn Keeley (footballer)

abstract: Glenn Matthew Keeley is an English retired footballer who played as a central defender in the Football League.

text:
# Glenn Keeley (footballer)

**Glenn Matthew Keeley** (born 1 September 1954 in Barking, Essex) is an English retired footballer who played as a central defender in the Football League.

## Honours

### Club

Newcastle United Blackburn Rovers

## InfoBox

Glenn Keeley
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Glenn Matthew Keeley | | |
| Date of birth | (1954-09-01) 1 September 1954 | | |
| Place of birth | Barking, Essex, England | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Central Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1972–1974 | Ipswich Town | 4 | (0) |
| 1974–1976 | Newcastle United | 44 | (2) |
| 1976–1987 | Blackburn Rovers | 370 | (23) |
| 1982 | Everton (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 1987–1988 | Oldham Athletic | 11 | (0) |
| 1987–1988 | Colchester United (loan) | 4 | (0) |
| 1988–1989 | Bolton Wanderers | 20 | (0) |
| 1989–1990 | Chorley | 21 | (2) |
| 1990 | Colne Dynamoes | ? | (?) |
| Total |  | **475** | **(27)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1973 | England Youth | 6 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Union of Luxembourg Women

abstract: The Union of Luxembourg Women is a non-profit association which was created following the Liberation of Luxembourg during World War II. It is affiliated with the Women's International Democratic Federation created in 1945.

text:
# Union of Luxembourg Women

The **Union of Luxembourg Women** (French: **Union des Femmes Luxembourgeoises**, UFL) is a non-profit association which was created following the Liberation of Luxembourg during World War II. It is affiliated with the Women's International Democratic Federation created in 1945.

## History

At the instigation of the Communist Party of Luxembourg, the association was established on 25 February 1945, at the first meeting of the organization's provisional committee, consisting of Catherine Balter, Bernard Lemmer, Fritz Schneider and Claire Urbany-Feltgen, who became the organization's president.

Founded by women who had returned from concentration camps or from exile, the non-partisan union initially aimed to improve the status of women in society, to fight for peace and to work towards social justice.

The UFL is affiliated with the Women's International Democratic Federation, established in 1945, which also works towards world peace and improvement of the status of women. Since 1975, it has also been a member of the Conseil national des Femmes du Luxembourg.

## Activities

The UFL has participated in numerous social activities in Luxembourg. As it opposed the Vietnam War, it set out to help the wounded and their families. In April 1973 it arranged the first of many Vietnam Basars which provided funds for constructing a medical centre for the protection of women and children in Hanoi.

It has also contributed to defending the rights of Luxembourg women. In 1983, together with other women's associations, using the slogan "Rechent mat de Fraen! – Neen zur Austeritéit!" (Count on women. No to austerity), it demanded a fair salary for women who do the same work as men and an adequate number of daycare centres. The Union also supports the children's village in Mersch, covering the educational expenses of two children.


title: Frank Ryan (gangster)

abstract: Frank Peter "Dunie" Ryan Jr. was a Canadian gangster and the leader of the West End Gang, a Montreal-based criminal organization.

text:
# Frank Ryan (gangster)

**Frank Peter "Dunie" Ryan Jr.** (10 June 1942 – 13 November 1984) was a Canadian gangster and the leader of the West End Gang, a Montreal-based criminal organization.

## Criminal career

### Hoodlum

Ryan was born of Irish descent in a poor neighborhood of Montreal. His father, Frank Ryan Sr. abandoned their family when Ryan was three years old, leaving his mother, May, to raise him by herself. Ryan's mother called him "junior", which he mispronounced as "Dunie", which became his lifelong nickname. Ryan dropped out of school at the age of 16 and led his own teenage gang who participated in "petty" crimes such as smash and grabs, garment thefts from trucks, and breaking and entering. Ryan's specialty as a teenager was in stealing fur coats from delivery trucks and selling them on the black market. By 1962, he already had dozens of convictions for robbery, possession of stolen goods, and possession of a false drivers' license. Ryan was known for his rambunctious and rowdy personality, often saying he wanted to "live fast, love hard and die young".

Ryan continued his crime spree throughout the 1960s, being convicted of robbery with violence and of burglary. He served both sentences at the St. Vincent de Paul prison. In 1965, Ryan killed a man while driving drunk. His conviction was overturned on a technicity. Ryan felt a much resentment about being charged for manslaughter, and he came to feel a grudge against the Quebec justice system, which he felt was biased against him. Starting in 1966, Ryan started to frequent the Country Palace on rue Sherbrooke where his biographer, Daniel Burke, wrote: "Hoods from all over the country, but especially the Irish Catholic ghettos, gathered at the Country Palace. Primarily strong arms and bank robbers, the Irish Canadians were an important element of the Montreal underworld, and the nightclub was a mine of contacts for Ryan. There, through the Irish-Canadian links with the Boston underworld, he found the bridge to bigger opportunities and his first costly setback".

In 1966, he was convicted of a bank robbery in Boston for which he served 6 years of a 15-year sentence in an American prison. Ryan and four other men robbed the Essex County Bank and Trust on 24 August 1966, but were arrested by the Boston police shortly afterwards. After his parole in December 1972, Ryan joined what was then called the Irish Gang to help him continue his criminal enterprises, which now included loansharking as well as robberies. In 1973, he married Evelyn Lemieux from the Gaspé. Ryan had two children by his wife, Trica and Troy. Ryan had an easy-going personality, which made him popular, and he soon became the leader of the West End Gang. Starting in 1973, Ryan and the West End Gang went on a rampage of robbing jewelry stores and armoured cars for banks. Ryan's favorite place was Smitty's, a run-down bar on rue Sherbrooke, where he played pool, drank and planned robberies with his Irish-Canadian and French-Canadian associates.

The West End Gang did have not the same rigid hierarchical structure of the Mafia, and Ryan's status was more as *primus inter pares* rather as a boss in the traditional sense of the term. Besides for robbing jewelry stores and loansharking, Ryan had the West End Gang start selling hashish, and then heroin and cocaine in the 1970s. Ryan assembled a crew that consisted of Patrick "Hughie" McGurnaghan, Paul April, Allan "The Weasel" Ross, the Matticks brothers, Peter White, and Kenny McPolland as his principle lieutenants. In 1974, Ryan hired as his bodyguard, John "Jake the Snake" McLaughlin, a thief and a hitman suspected of least a dozen murders. McLaughlin was the prime suspect in the murders of George Groom in 1968, James McDonald in 1969, Gary Down in 1970, and Michael French in 1982.

The most successful robbery committed by the West End Gang under Ryan's leadership was the theft of $2,275,884 in cash together with golden Olympic coins worth $5,000 from a Brinks armored car on 30 March 1976. The Montreal newspapers called the Brinks robbery of 30 March 1976-which was the largest robbery ever committed in Montreal-the "crime of the century". On 14 May 1976, one of the West End Gang members involved in the Brinks robbery, John Slawvey, was killed in a shoot-out with the police with detective André Savard killing Slawvey. Ryan was enraged by Slawvey's killing, which he regarded as a cold-blooded execution by the police as he insisted that Slawvey was unarmed and was in the process of surrendering when Savard shot him. Ryan placed a $50,000 contract on Savard's life, which was unprecedented act as never before had a gangster in Montreal placed a contract on the life of a policeman. Savard was forced to living in hiding for some time afterwards. Ultimately no hitman proved willing to take up the contract out of the fear of the police reaction to the killing of a policeman, and Savard came out of hiding.

### The "King of Coke"

After his initial forays in the drug market, Ryan realized that this was a market that could be expanded. He soon built a drug network that spread throughout Quebec, Ontario and the Atlantic provinces. The West End Gang, as the Irish Gang had been renamed sometime in the late 1970s, took control of the Port of Montreal, which allowed them to smuggle in drugs on a scale that other gangs could not. Through his connections with the Irish Mob of Boston, Ryan started to import cocaine from Colombia and heroin from the "Golden Crescent" nations of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran. Ryan's point-man for the Port of Montreal was Gerald Matticks and his brothers. Ryan was content to be a wholesaler, who sold drugs to the Mafia and the outlaw biker clubs who in turn sold drugs to the street gangs. He also began to engage in fund-raising and gun-running for the Irish Republican Army (IRA), both sending and receiving guns from Northern Ireland. Proud of his Irish heritage, Ryan wore a golden Claddagh ring on his third finger. Ryan was rumored to be worth $20 million, which was possibly an exaggeration, through he was clearly wealthy. Ryan's prize possession was his 36-foot yacht that he sailed on the St. Lawrence River.

By the late 1970s, Ryan developed relationships with other criminal organizations in Montreal, including the Hells Angels and Cotroni crime family. Ryan made a deal with Frank Cotroni that the Controni family would buy drugs exclusively from the West End Gang. As both of these criminal organizations depended on Ryan's steady supply of drugs, Ryan was on the top of the criminal foodchain in Quebec. Ryan was known for his contempt for the other criminal organizations, once saying: "Mafia, pafia. If there's a war, we've got the IRA". Through his American cousin, Peter White, Ryan made an alliance with the Irish Mob of Boston. Ryan also formed an alliance with Yves Buteau, the national president of the Hells Angels, whom became one of his largest customers. Buteau also become Ryan's main subcontractor as Ryan often made use of the services of the Angels' ace assassin, the hitman Yves "Apache" Trudeau.

In November 1979, Ryan was subpoenaed to testify at *la Commission d'Enuête sur le Crime Organisé* who wanted to know why Ryan-who was officially unemployed as he never had a legitimate job once in his life-could afford the mortgage on his house. Ryan testified that during his time in Boston in the 1960s that he had stolen some $100,000 in various bank robberies, which he had hidden somewhere, which was the source of his income. Through his claim was not believed, it was not possible for the commissioners to disprove his claim. Despite not having a job, Ryan was able to afford the services of Sidney Leithman who was regarded as one of Montreal's best lawyers and was the preferred defense counsel for gangsters. Leithman successfully defended Ryan several times, and was rewarded with a golden Claddagh ring by Ryan. By 1980, Ryan's base of operations was the bar of the Cavalier Motel on rue St. Jacques, where a collection of criminals would go to meet him at what was known as "the zoo".

When another crime figure, Patrick "Hughie" McGurnaghan, cheated Ryan in a drug deal and carried a $100,000 debt, Ryan contacted the Hells Angels' North chapter for assistance. Hells Angels member Trudeau was dispatched to kill McGurnaghan. On 27 October 1981, Trudeau planted a car bomb on McGurnaghan's Mercedes-Benz, killing him and seriously injuring a male passenger. According to police documents, it was believed that Ryan was worth up to $50 million. Ryan was said to have a briefcase full of $500,000 that he kept on his person.

Ryan refused advice to retire as he stated: "If your tap was flowing $100 bills, would you turn it off? I've got three hundred guys working for me. What are they gonna do?" By 1982, Ryan was known within the Montreal underworld as the "King of Coke". Ryan was a popular gang boss, who was well liked for his generosity towards his men with one of his followers, John Philips calling him a "honorable thief". Philips recalled that Ryan would "help anybody that came out of the can \[prison\] anytime! He'd say, 'Well, I'd see what I can for you. Here's five hundred bucks; go get yourselves some clothes and whatever the fuck you need'. Dunnie was like that. He was generous to a fault". Another West End Gang thief, Billy Morgan, called him "a very generous man" who was "very articulate" and "he never got mad. He was a perfect gentleman".

In January 1982, Ryan learned that two Hells Angels, Denis "Le Curé" Kennedy and Charles Hachey, were planning to kidnap Ryan's children to force him to forgive their drug debts. Ryan gave an ultimatum to Buteau that either the two would-be kidnappers be killed or else he would cease selling drugs to the biker club. Buteau dispatched Trudeau after the two, whom Trudeau executed after taking them out for drinks in a bar. In 1983, Ryan had become wealthy enough to purchase to a large house at 541 Montrose Drive in the wealthy neighborhood of Beaconsfield, where he lived with his wife and two children.

In 1983, Ryan sent McLaughlin, who proved to be very bloodthirsty as he enjoyed killing people to a farm in New Brunswick owned by Noel Winters with orders to stay there until the media furor caused by his killings in Montreal ceased. Going with McLaughlin to New Brunswick was his girlfriend, Maria Kraus-Hillebrand. On 23 April 1984, the decomposing bodies of McLaughlin and Kraus-Hillebrand were found buried in a shallow grave in a rural area outside of Saint John. Based upon the state of decomposition, the police estimated that McLaughlin and Kraus-Hillebrand had been killed in late 1983, and charged Winters with the murders. Winters believed that Ryan had sent McLaughlin to kill him over an unpaid drug debt, leading to him to strike first. Winters hanged himself in his cell the next day as he believed that Ryan would have him murdered in prison.

## Murder

Ryan was murdered on 13 November 1984. On the evening of his death, Ryan was at the Nittolo's Jardin Motel on St. Jacques Street West in Montreal when Paul April, a French-Canadian associate, told him there was an attractive young woman waiting to have sex with him in the adjoining room. April and his associate, Robert Lelièvre, who had a shotgun, planned to tie Ryan to a chair and force him to reveal where he had hidden his fortune before killing him. Ryan resisted and threw a chair at Lelièvre, who opened fire with his shotgun. As Ryan lay dying on the floor, someone finished him off by shooting him in the head with a .45 handgun. It is unclear who actually shot Ryan. One of Ryan's killers, Eddie Philips, told his brother, John Philips "I shot a dead man!", claiming he had shot Ryan after his death on the orders of April and Lelièvre. Ryan's killers fled so quickly that they did not take any of the valuables on his corpse. The police found in Ryan's wallet $6,350 in cash along with a gold chain still around his neck and a Rolex watch still on his wrist.

Four days later, Ryan's funeral was held at St. Augustine of Canterbury Church in Montreal, attended by his mother May, wife Evelyn, his two children, and another 200 mourners. Among those who attended the funeral were Allan "The Weasel" Ross and Laurent "L'anglais" Viau, Michel Blass and Yves Trudeau of the Hells Angels. The police observed that after the service had ended that Ross spent much time talking to Viau, the president of the Angels Laval chapter, to which both Blass and Trudeau belonged to. Ryan was replaced as boss of the West End Gang by Ross whose first act as leader was to hire the hitman Yves Trudeau of the Hells Angels' Laval chapter to hunt down and kill those responsible for the murder of Ryan. April and Lelièvre were killed in an apartment bombing less than two weeks later.

## Books

* Auger, Michel; Edwards, Peter (2012). *The Encyclopedia of Canadian Organized Crime: From Captain Kidd to Mom Boucher*. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0771030499.
* O'Connor, D'Arcy (2011). *Montreal's Irish Mafia: The True Story of the Infamous West End Gang*. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
* Schneider, Stephen (2009). *Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada*. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470835005..

## InfoBox

| Frank Ryan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Frank Peter Ryan Jr.
(1942-06-10)10 June 1942
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Died | 13 November 1984(1984-11-13) (aged 42)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Other names | "Dunie" |
| Occupation | Gangster |
| Years active | 1956–1984 |
| Known for | Leader of the West End Gang |
| Successor | Allan Ross |
|  | |
| Allegiance | West End Gang |
| Conviction(s) | Armed robbery (1962)
Manslaughter (1965)
Armed robbery (1966) |
| Criminal penalty | 15 years' imprisonment (1966) |
|  | |


abstract: The Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines (ULAP) is the umbrella organization of all leagues of local government units (LGUs) and locally elected government officials, and was formed in 1998, registered in 1999, and further endorsed through Executive Order 351, series of 2004. Prior to its creation, ULAP was called the "League of Leagues", which played an important convening role for the local governments to lobby and develop the Local Government Code of 1991. ULAP was created to convene and represent its member leagues and local governments to national and sub-national policy and program committees in continuous pursuit of strengthening and capacitating LGUs for local autonomy and good governance.

text:
# Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines

The **Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines** (ULAP) is the umbrella organization of all leagues of local government units (LGUs) and locally elected government officials, and was formed in 1998, registered in 1999, and further endorsed through Executive Order 351, series of 2004.

Prior to its creation, ULAP was called the "League of Leagues", which played an important convening role for the local governments to lobby and develop the Local Government Code of 1991. ULAP was created to convene and represent its member leagues and local governments to national and sub-national policy and program committees in continuous pursuit of strengthening and capacitating LGUs for local autonomy and good governance.

## History

In September 1998, the idea to revive and strengthen the umbrella organization for all the Leagues of LGU’s and local officials throughout the country was hatched in a meeting initiated by the Department of the Interior and Local Government. Two weeks later, a Resolution was made that changed the name of League of Leagues, which was established on May 5, 1997, to the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines (ULAP) in order to give it a distinct personality as an associate member of the International Union of Local Authorities (IULA) and to register the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Executive Order No.351 was issued on August 17, 2004 that recognized the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines as the umbrella organization of all the Leagues and Federations of local elective and appointed officials.

* Executive Order No. 351, s. 2004
* DILG MC No. 99-06 DTD January 7, 1999

## Mission

To unite all member leagues, enhance their partnership with all stakeholders to attain local genuine local autonomy for all LGUs, and ensure the smooth and efficient delivery of basic services to local communities for authentic and humane governance.

## Vision

ULAP envisions a just, equitable and progressive society anchored on participatory democracy and pro-poor framework of effective a good governance vital to national development and progress,

## Strategy

Consistent with the national government’s Philippine Development Plan and the PPP Strategy, ULAP urges a strategic bottom-up approach in governance, for the national government to energize and support the local government sector to accomplish development goals in the local levels. It strongly believes that, to improve the delivery of services and to achieve “inclusive growth”, stronger national and local government coordination must be realized. In this strategy, ULAP envisions:

• To be a venue for transformative governance at the local level

• Serve as catalyst to localize national development

• To bridge various stakeholders to gather capacity and various resources

## Member leagues

## Former presidents

This is a list of presidents since 1998:

## InfoBox

Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines
| Headquarters | 28th Floor Unit 2803 Summit One Tower Building, 530 Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Philippines |
| --- | --- |
| Website | www.ulap.net.ph |


title: Unintended (song)

abstract: "Unintended" is a song by English rock band Muse, released as the fifth and final single from their 1999 debut album, Showbiz. It peaked at number 20 on the UK Singles Chart in June 2000 and reached number five in Norway in 2008.

text:
# Unintended (song)

"**Unintended**" is a song by English rock band Muse, released as the fifth and final single from their 1999 debut album, *Showbiz*. It peaked at number 20 on the UK Singles Chart in June 2000 and reached number five in Norway in 2008.

## Music video

The music video features many lovers 'blending' around each other as Matthew Bellamy and the band sit around. The blending effect is achieved using the slit-scan technique.

## Release

The song was released on 5 June 2000 on 7" vinyl – backed with a live version of "Sober" – double CD – backed with "Recess", a live acoustic version of "Falling Down", "Nishe" and a live acoustic version of "Hate This & I'll Love You" – and cassette – backed with "Recess". It reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the highest-charting single from the album, and became a top-five hit in Norway in 2008, peaking at number five on the VG-lista chart.

## Live Performances

"Unintended" was performed consistently by the band until 2001. After this, it was performed occasionally in 2007, as well as on rare occasions during The Resistance Tour and The 2nd Law Tour. The song has not been performed since 2013.

## Acoustic Version

On 23 June 2020 Matt Bellamy posted on his social media the release of an acoustic version of Unintended based on the arpeggio pattern from Bach's Prelude in C major from the Well Tempered Clavier.

On 26 June the single was released on YouTube, Deezer, Amazon Music, Spotify and Apple Music on an EP, along with two other versions:

1. Unintended (Acoustic version)
2. Unintended A.I. Dream V.3 (Obeebo A.I.)
3. Unintended (Piano Lullaby) \[Instrumental\]

Also, Bellamy wrote a tweet:

> I wrote this song when I was around 19 years old and it seems more relevant today than it was back then!

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Matthew Bellamy

7"
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Unintended" | 3:57 |
| 2. | "Sober" (live) | 4:07 |
| Total length: | | 8:04 |

'CD1'
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Unintended" | 3:57 |
| 2. | "Recess" | 3:35 |
| 3. | "Falling Down" (live acoustic version) | 5:10 |
| 4. | "Unintended" (music video) | 4:00 |
| Total length: | | 16:42 |

'CD2'
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Unintended" | 3:57 |
| 2. | "Nishe" | 2:42 |
| 3. | "Hate This & I'll Love You" (live acoustic version) | 5:00 |
| Total length: | | 11:39 |

Cassette
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Unintended" | 3:59 |
| 2. | "Recess" | 3:37 |
| Total length: | | 7:36 |

## Personnel

Sources:

## Charts

| Chart (2000–2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 99 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 5 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 17 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 20 |
| UK Indie (OCC) | 1 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 5 June 2000 | Mushroom | 7" | MUSH72S |
| | | | 2CD | MUSH72CDS/MUSH72CDSX |
| | | | CS | MUSH72MCS |
| | | | CD | MUSE 8 |
| Benelux | | Play It Again Sam | CD | 481.2004.22 |

## InfoBox

| "Unintended" | |
| --- | --- |
| 'CD1' cover | |
| Single by Muse | |
| from the album  *Showbiz* | |
| B-side | * "Recess" (CD1) * "Nishe" (CD2) |
| Released | 5 June 2000 |
| Recorded | April 1999 |
| Studio | RAK studios, London, England |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:57 |
| Label | Taste/Mushroom |
| Songwriter(s) | Matthew Bellamy |
| Producer(s) | * Paul Reeve * Muse |
| Muse singles chronology | |
| "Sunburn"
(2000) "**Unintended**"
(2000) "Muscle Museum"
(2000) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| CD2 cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Frank Rydzewski

abstract: Franciszek Xavier "Frank" Rydzewski Jr. was an American football player. He played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Chicago Tigers (1920), Cleveland Tigers (1920), Hammond Pros, Chicago Cardinals (1921), Chicago Bears (1923), and Milwaukee Badgers (1925). Prior to joining the NFL, Rydzewski played college football at the University of Notre Dame from 1915 to 1917. He earned All-American honors in 1917. He served in the Army during World War I.

text:
# Frank Rydzewski

**Franciszek Xavier "Frank" Rydzewski Jr.** (November 16, 1892 – October 1979) was an American football player. He played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Chicago Tigers (1920), Cleveland Tigers (1920), Hammond Pros (1920, 1922–1926), Chicago Cardinals (1921), Chicago Bears (1923), and Milwaukee Badgers (1925). Prior to joining the NFL, Rydzewski played college football at the University of Notre Dame from 1915 to 1917. He earned All-American honors in 1917. He served in the Army during World War I.

## InfoBox

Frank Rydzewski
| No. 17,99 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Center, tackle, guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1892-11-16)November 16, 1892
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died: | October 1979 (aged 87)
Cook County, Illinois, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight: | 220 lb (100 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Notre Dame |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Global Communities

abstract: Global Communities is a global development organization that has grown to reach over 35 countries per year. The non-profit organization was founded in 1952 as the Cooperative Housing Foundation and provided affordable housing for low-income families in rural and urban America. In April 2020, Global Communities and PCI announced a merger to form one organization based on shared missions and complementary areas of technical expertise and geographic reach. Today, Global Communities, works in humanitarian assistance, sustainable development and financial inclusion and provides programs in the areas of economic development; micro, small and medium enterprise (SME) and housing finance; governance and urban development; construction and infrastructure; civil society and municipal development; positive youth development; climate action and resilience building; global health and emergency response. In 2012, the organization changed its name to Global Communities.

text:
# Global Communities

**Global Communities** is a global development organization that has grown to reach over 35 countries per year. The non-profit organization was founded in 1952 as the Cooperative Housing Foundation and provided affordable housing for low-income families in rural and urban America. In April 2020, Global Communities and PCI announced a merger to form one organization based on shared missions and complementary areas of technical expertise and geographic reach. Today, Global Communities, works in humanitarian assistance, sustainable development and financial inclusion and provides programs in the areas of economic development; micro, small and medium enterprise (SME) and housing finance; governance and urban development; construction and infrastructure; civil society and municipal development; positive youth development; climate action and resilience building; global health and emergency response.

In 2012, the organization changed its name to Global Communities.

## History

Originally Global Communities was established as the Foundation for Cooperative Housing (FCH) in 1952, as a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation seeking to help low- and moderate- income families in America and low-income urban neighborhoods to achieve improved economic standing and quality of life through the construction of affordable housing. Following their inception, they sponsored over 60,000 units of cooperative housing in 35 states across the US. In the 1960s the organization began operations outside of the U.S. developing cooperative housing in Central America. In the 1970s this trend of working outside of the U.S. to develop housing continued and in the 1980s Global Communities' programming was entirely international. Through the rest of the 1980s and the 1990s the organization founded more programs and began addressing additional community needs. Global Communities has been working in Romania since 1994 to enhance the competitiveness of the business community, and prepare the country for EU accession – an effort that culminated in 2007. During the 2000s, the organization expanded its operations significantly responding to major disasters such as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2010 Haiti earthquake; operating the largest international network of microfinance institutions in the Middle East, with major operations in Iraq, Lebanon, West Bank and Gaza and Jordan; and becoming recognized as a major U.S.-based international development NGO.

PCI was founded in San Diego in 1961 with the goal of helping the world’s most impoverished communities gain access to better health. In 1962, a program was established in Hong Kong’s Walled City through a floating clinic in the harbor set up to offer medical services. Two years later, Project Concern opened a hospital in South Vietnam to provide care and services, a program that lasted throughout the Vietnam War. The organization went on to establish a presence in Tijuana, Mexico, and the Appalachian region of Tennessee. In 1969, PCI’s first Walk for Mankind was held in Santa Rosa, California. In the next 30 years, PCI launched programs in Bali, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Bolivia, Belize, Somalia, The Gambia, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Nicaragua, Zambia and India. During the 2000's, PCI established *Casa Materna* in the rural, western highlands of Guatemala to reduce maternal and infant mortality. Over the next two decade, they expanded their global presence to include Honduras, Ghana, Botswana, Malawi, Tanzania and South Africa. PCI responded to major disasters such as the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.


title: Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum

abstract: Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum The Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum is a museum in the city of Yamagata in northern Japan just outside the reconstructed Great Eastern Gate of Yamagata Castle. It focuses on the place in history of Mogami Yoshiaki and his role in building the foundations of present-day Yamagata. The museum opened on 1 December 1989 in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of modern Yamagata City. Its purpose is to preserve and study, display and make accessible to the public historical items from Yoshiaki's time when the Yamagata Domain was the fifth largest feudal domain in Japan. Armory, swords and firearms from the historic battles of the 16th century and later are exhibited, along with art works, old maps of the castle town and official documents connected with the Mogami clan and its history. Among the museum's most prized items exhibited are the large standing screen of the Battle of Hasedo, and Mogami Yoshiaki's helmet and battle command baton. There are also special exhibitions of old and modern swords. The museum has English information on the exhibits available. Admission is free. The museum is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., and is closed Mondays.

text:
# Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum

The **Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum** (最上義光歴史館, *Mogami Yoshiaki Rekishikan*) is a museum in the city of Yamagata in northern Japan just outside the reconstructed Great Eastern Gate of Yamagata Castle. It focuses on the place in history of Mogami Yoshiaki and his role in building the foundations of present-day Yamagata. The museum opened on 1 December 1989 in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of modern Yamagata City. Its purpose is to preserve and study, display and make accessible to the public historical items from Yoshiaki's time (1546- 1614) when the Yamagata Domain was the fifth largest feudal domain in Japan. Armory, swords and firearms from the historic battles of the 16th century and later are exhibited, along with art works, old maps of the castle town and official documents connected with the Mogami clan and its history. Among the museum's most prized items exhibited are the large standing screen of the Battle of Hasedo, and Mogami Yoshiaki's helmet and battle command baton. There are also special exhibitions of old and modern swords. The museum has English information on the exhibits available. Admission is free. The museum is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., and is closed Mondays.

## Address

1-53 Ote-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata-ken

38°15′18.3″N 140°20′0.3″E / 38.255083°N 140.333417°E / 38.255083; 140.333417

## InfoBox

Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1989 |
| Location | Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan |
| Public transit access | Yamagata Station |
| Website | http://mogamiyoshiaki.jp/index.php |


title: Thomas Hynes House

abstract: The Thomas Hynes House on East Main Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States, is a wooden building from the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of a group of historic properties in the city. It is one of Aspen's remaining miner's cottages from its early years as a silver boomtown. Since it has never been significantly altered, it is considered one of the best examples remaining. Today it is used as one of Nobu Matsuhisa's eponymous Japanese restaurants.

text:
# Thomas Hynes House

The **Thomas Hynes House** on East Main Street (State Highway 82) in Aspen, Colorado, United States, is a wooden building from the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of a group of historic properties in the city.

It is one of Aspen's remaining miner's cottages from its early years as a silver boomtown. Since it has never been significantly altered, it is considered one of the best examples remaining. Today it is used as one of Nobu Matsuhisa's eponymous Japanese restaurants.

## Building

The house occupies a small lot at the southeast corner of East Main and South Monarch streets. The area is generally built up, where the commercial development of downtown Aspen begins to transition to the residential West End. Most of the neighboring buildings on that side of the street are small one-story structures, either commercial or, like the Hynes house, former houses adapted for commercial purposes. Across the street are generally taller buildings, with the Hotel Jerome, also listed on the Register, at the opposite end of the block. The terrain is generally flat, between the foot of Aspen Mountain to the south and the Roaring Fork River to the north.

The building itself is an L-shaped one-story clapboard-sided wood frame structure on a sandstone foundation. It is topped by a steeply pitched cross-gabled shingled roof pierced by brick chimneys in the center of each section. The chimneys have corbeling below their caps.

On the north (front) and west are porches, some with trim reflecting its current use. The north porch has a flat roof with ornate frieze supported by pillars. Next to it is a large double-hung window with pent-roof top. On the west is a large bay window, supported by sawn wood brackets.

Inside the building has been completely remodeled for the restaurant. It follows the Japanese aesthetics of the food. The owner describes the interior as "a modern design that is cool and urban to the nth degree".

## History

Aspen was founded in the late 1870s by prospectors drawn over the Continental Divide into the Roaring Fork Valley from Leadville. They sought, and found, silver in the mountains. The small settlement at the confluence of Castle Creek became the busiest of the mining camps in the area, soon evolving from a rough collection of tents and log cabins to a permanent and growing city.

Miners began building small cottages for themselves to replace the log cabins as they became prosperous. The Hynes house, with its L-shape, steeply pitched cross-gabled roof, porches, and bay window, epitomizes the form. Those cottages were themselves often demolished for larger houses, or, after the collapse of the silver market following the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in the Panic of 1893, allowed to fall into neglect during the long "quiet years" that followed until the development of the ski resort in the mid-20th century turned the city's economy around.

Little is known about Hynes beyond that he was a miner, built the house around 1885, then had moved to South Aspen Street sometime before 1893. The next owner, a doctor, made several improvements in 1892. During the quiet years, a sale for $500 ($10,000 in modern dollars) was recorded in 1918 to Homer VanLoon, Pitkin County's first welfare director.

As the city grew again, the house remained standing. It passed through several owners and was never seriously altered. In 1998 chef Nobu Matsuhisa, who had become famous for blending elements of Western and Latin American cuisine into traditional Japanese dishes, remodeled the house and opened one of the restaurants bearing his last name there. It has since become one of the city's most popular and best-regarded eateries. Reservations must be made a month in advance.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Hynes House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| North elevation, 2010 | |
| Location within Colorado | |
| Location | Aspen, CO |
| Coordinates | 39°11′26″N 106°49′12″W / 39.19056°N 106.82000°W / 39.19056; -106.82000 |
| Built | 1885 |
| MPS | Historic Resources of Aspen |
| NRHP reference No. | 87000157 |
| Added to NRHP | March 6, 1987 |


title: Gnateater

abstract: The gnateaters are a bird family, Conopophagidae, consisting of twelve small suboscine passerine species in two genera, which occur in South and Central America.

text:
# Gnateater

The **gnateaters** are a bird family, **Conopophagidae**, consisting of twelve small suboscine passerine species in two genera, which occur in South and Central America.

## Taxonomy

The family Conopophagidae was introduced in 1877 by the English zoologist Alfred Henry Garrod. The family was formerly restricted to the gnateater genus *Conopophaga* but a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 found that the genus *Pittasoma* in the family Formicariidae was sister to *Conopophaga*. The association between this genus and *Conopophaga* is also supported by traits in their natural history, morphology, and vocalizations. The members of this family are very closely related to the antbirds and less closely to the antpittas and tapaculos. Due to their remote and dim habitat, gnateaters are a little-studied and poorly known family of birds.

## Description

They are round, short-tailed, and long-legged birds, about 12–15.5 cm (4.7–6.1 in) in length, with *Pittasoma* being larger than *Conopophaga*. They are quite upright when standing. All species are sexually dimorphic, although the extent of this varies greatly. Most *Conopophaga* species have a white tuft behind the eye.

## Distribution and habitat

Gnateaters are birds of the forest understory, bamboo stands, and the forest floor. The members of the genus *Conopophaga* are found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, east and central Andean slopes, Atlantic Forest, and nearby regions, while the members of the genus *Pittasoma* are found in the Chocó, and Panama and Costa Rica. Some species live in impenetrable thickets; others live in more open forest. Most are entirely restricted to humid habitats, but several species extend into drier regions in eastern Brazil. While the members of the genus *Conopophaga* always are found near the forest floor, seldom rising more than 1.5 m above the ground, they also seldom travel or spend much time on the ground (though they do feed there; see diet). The members of the genus *Pittasoma* are more commonly seen hopping around on the ground.

## Behaviour and ecology

### Food and feeding

Gnateaters are insectivorous as the group name implies. The members of the genus *Conopophaga* feed mostly using two methods; one is to perch above the forest floor until prey is spotted, then lunge down to the ground to snatch it; having landed on the ground to snatch a prey item it will not remain on the forest floor for more than a couple of seconds. The second method used is to glean insects directly from the foliage, trunks, and branches of low vegetation. Typical prey items include spiders, caterpillars, insect larvae, grasshoppers and beetles; individuals of some species have also been observed eating fruit and in one case a frog. Very little information is available on the diet of the two *Pittasoma*, but they are presumably also insectivorous.

## Species list

The family contains 12 species in two genera.

| Image | Genus | Living species |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | *Conopophaga* Vieillot, 1816 |  |
|  | *Pittasoma* Cassin, 1860 |  |
|

## Cited sources

## InfoBox

| Gnateaters | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chestnut-crowned gnateater (*Conopophaga castaneiceps*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Parvorder: | Furnariida |
| Family: | Conopophagidae
Garrod, 1877 |
|
| Genera | |
| *Conopophaga*  Vieillot, 1816
*Pittasoma*  Cassin, 1860 | |


title: Mathieu Maes

abstract: Mathieu Maes was a Belgian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1966 Tour de France, achieving 112th place.

text:
# Mathieu Maes

**Mathieu Maes** (3 May 1944  9 May 2017) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1966 Tour de France, achieving 112th place.

## InfoBox

Mathieu Maes
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1944-05-03)3 May 1944
Rekem, Limburg, Belgium |
| Died | 9 May 2017(2017-05-09) (aged 73)
Boortmeerbeek, Flemish Brabant, Belgium |
| Team information | |
| Role | Rider |


title: Gnathamitermes perplexus

abstract: Gnathamitermes perplexus, the long-jawed desert termites or tube-building termites, is a species of termite in the family Termitidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species creates tunnels, with both colony founders and workers transporting sand to excavate tunnels using their mandibles. The species is particularly susceptible to infectious nematodes such as Steinernema riobrave.

text:
# Gnathamitermes perplexus

***Gnathamitermes perplexus***, the **long-jawed desert termites** or **tube-building termites**, is a species of termite in the family Termitidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species creates tunnels, with both colony founders and workers transporting sand to excavate tunnels using their mandibles. The species is particularly susceptible to infectious nematodes such as *Steinernema riobrave*.

## Further reading

* Krishna, Kumar; Grimaldi, David A.; Krishna, Valerie; Engel, Michael S. (2013). "Treatise on the Isoptera of the world". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History* (377). hdl:2246/6430.

## InfoBox

| *Gnathamitermes perplexus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Twigs encrusted by termite debris | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Blattodea |
| Infraorder: | Isoptera |
| Family: | Termitidae |
| Genus: | *Gnathamitermes* |
| Species: | ***G. perplexus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gnathamitermes perplexus***<br>(Banks in Banks & Snyder, 1920) | |
|


title: Hiroshi Tsuruya

abstract: Hiroshi Tsuruya is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the Lightweight and Welterweight divisions.

text:
# Hiroshi Tsuruya

**Hiroshi Tsuruya** (born December 8, 1970) is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the Lightweight and Welterweight divisions.

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown
| **12 matches** | **7 wins** | **2 losses** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **By submission** | 4 | 0 |
| **By decision** | 3 | 2 |
| **Draws** | 3 | |

| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 7–2–3 | Tomohiko Yoshida | Submission (lapel choke) | Zst: Swat! in Face 1 | August 24, 2008 | 2 | 2:22 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Loss | 6–2–3 | Vítor Ribeiro | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Treasure Hunt 10 | September 16, 2002 | 3 | 5:00 | Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan |  |
| Win | 6–1–3 | Andy Wang | Decision (unanimous) | SB 23: SuperBrawl 23 | March 9, 2002 | 3 | 5:00 | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |  |
| Win | 5–1–3 | Koji Takeuchi | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: To The Top 9 | September 27, 2001 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Win | 4–1–3 | Shigetoshi Iwase | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Gig East 3 | June 14, 2001 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 3–1–3 | Kim Mason | Draw | Shooto: Wanna Shooto 2001 | April 8, 2001 | 2 | 5:00 | Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 3–1–2 | Seichi Ikemoto | Draw | Shooto: R.E.A.D. 9 | August 27, 2000 | 2 | 5:00 | Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan |  |
| Win | 3–1–1 | Tomonori Ohara | Submission (kimura) | Shooto: R.E.A.D. 6 | July 16, 2000 | 1 | 0:50 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Win | 2–1–1 | Masakazu Kuramochi | Submission (armbar) | Shooto: R.E.A.D. 1 | January 14, 2000 | 1 | 1:51 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Win | 1–1–1 | Tatsuharu Doi | Submission (armlock) | Daidojuku: WARS 5 | April 8, 1999 | 1 | 1:18 | Japan |  |
| Loss | 0–1–1 | Takanori Gomi | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Las Grandes Viajes 6 | November 27, 1998 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 0–0–1 | Takaharu Murahama | Draw | Shooto: Gig '98 2nd | July 18, 1998 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |

## InfoBox

| Hiroshi Tsuruya | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-12-08) December 8, 1970
Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Weight | 154 lb (70 kg; 11.0 st) |
| Division | Lightweight
Welterweight |
| Style | Kickboxing, Wrestling, Judo, BJJ |
| Team | Paraestra Matsudo |
| Rank | *Black belt* in Brazilian jiu-jitsu |
| Years active | 1998 - 2008 |
|  | |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| **Total** | 12 |
| **Wins** | 7 |
| By submission | 4 |
| By decision | 3 |
| **Losses** | 2 |
| By decision | 2 |
| **Draws** | 3 |
|  | |
| Other information | |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |


title: Michael O'Brien (Ohio politician)

abstract: Michael J. O'Brien is the Representative of the 64th district of the Ohio House of Representatives. O'Brien is a lifelong resident of the Mahoning Valley and graduate from John F. Kennedy High School as well as Youngstown State University. O'Brien served on Warren City Council from 1983 to 1993 before being elected as a Trumbull County Commissioner in 1994. He served as a commissioner for ten years before being elected Mayor of Warren in 2005, serving until 2012. O'Brien announced in early 2014 that he would seek a seat in the Ohio House of Representatives to replace Tom Letson who was term-limited. He would win a three-way primary race with 60% of the vote for the Democratic nomination. He faced former Republican state Representative Randy Law in the general election, in what became a very tight race. He defeated Law 49%-44% to take the seat. His district includes half of Trumbull County and the southern portion of Ashtabula County. In 2005, Mayor Michael J. O'Brien was fined by the Ohio Ethics Committee for mishandling campaign contributions. "According to a complaint filed in July by Victor V. Vigluicci, special prosecutor in Trumbull County, O'Brien from 2000 to 2003 received $2,035 in campaign contributions that were deposited into the joint personal checking account with his wife, or the personal savings of son Dominic and Louise O'Brien."

text:
# Michael O'Brien (Ohio politician)

**Michael J. O'Brien** (born June 18, 1955) is the Representative of the 64th district of the Ohio House of Representatives. O'Brien is a lifelong resident of the Mahoning Valley and graduate from John F. Kennedy High School as well as Youngstown State University. O'Brien served on Warren City Council from 1983 to 1993 before being elected as a Trumbull County Commissioner in 1994. He served as a commissioner for ten years before being elected Mayor of Warren in 2005, serving until 2012. O'Brien announced in early 2014 that he would seek a seat in the Ohio House of Representatives to replace Tom Letson who was term-limited. He would win a three-way primary race with 60% of the vote for the Democratic nomination. He faced former Republican state Representative Randy Law in the general election, in what became a very tight race. He defeated Law 49%-44% to take the seat. His district includes half of Trumbull County and the southern portion of Ashtabula County.

In 2005, Mayor Michael J. O'Brien was fined by the Ohio Ethics Committee for mishandling campaign contributions.

"According to a complaint filed in July by Victor V. Vigluicci, special prosecutor in Trumbull County, O'Brien from 2000 to 2003 received $2,035 in campaign contributions that were deposited into the joint personal checking account with his wife, or the personal savings of son Dominic and Louise O'Brien."

## InfoBox

| Michael O'Brien | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the
Ohio House of Representatives
from the 64th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 3, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Tom Letson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-06-18) June 18, 1955 |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence(s) | Warren, Ohio, U.S. |
| Alma mater | John F. Kennedy High School
Youngstown State University |
|  | |


title: KIAM-FM

abstract: KIAM-FM is a radio station licensed to serve North Nenana, Alaska. The station is owned by Voice For Christ Ministries, Inc. It airs a Religious radio format as part of the I AM Radio Network. The station was assigned the KIAM-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on February 26, 2008.

text:
# KIAM-FM

**KIAM-FM** (91.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve North Nenana, Alaska. The station is owned by Voice For Christ Ministries, Inc. It airs a Religious radio format as part of the I AM Radio Network.

The station was assigned the KIAM-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on February 26, 2008.

## Translators

| Call sign | Frequency
(MHz) | City of license | Facility ID | Class | ERP
() | Height
( (ft)) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| K232DM | 94.3 | Allakaket, Alaska | 138954 | D | 250 | 144 m (472 ft) |
| K232DV | 94.3 | Ambler, Alaska | 139014 | D | 250 | 108 m (354 ft) |
| K232DU | 94.3 | Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska | 138968 | D | 250 | 647 m (2,123 ft) |
| K221AA | 92.1 | Bettles, Alaska | 70439 | D | 600 | 214 m (702 ft) |
| K231BJ | 94.1 | Eagle, Alaska | 139005 | D | 250 | 274 m (899 ft) |
| K232DX | 94.3 | Grayling, Alaska | 139008 | D | 250 | 58 m (190 ft) |
| K232DK | 94.3 | Hughes, Alaska | 139009 | D | 250 | 104 m (341 ft) |
| K232EV | 94.3 | Iliamna, Alaska | 139011 | D | 250 | 57 m (187 ft) |
| K232DL | 94.3 | McCarthy, Alaska | 139015 | D | 250 | 466 m (1,529 ft) |
| K232DZ | 94.3 | McGrath, Alaska | 139016 | D | 250 | 108 m (354 ft) |
| K232DJ | 94.3 | Perryville, Alaska | 139017 | D | 250 | 20 m (66 ft) |
| K232ES | 94.3 | Port Alsworth, Alaska | 139018 | D | 250 | 123 m (404 ft) |
| K232DI | 94.3 | Prudhoe Bay, Alaska | 139019 | D | 250 | 25 m (82 ft) |
| K241AB | 96.1 | Ruby, Alaska | 70441 | D | 250 | 60 m (200 ft) |
| K232DT | 94.3 | Sand Point, Alaska | 139021 | D | 250 | 31 m (102 ft) |
| K221DI | 92.1 | Tanana, Alaska | 70440 | D | 490 | 27 m (89 ft) |

## InfoBox

KIAM-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 91.9 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Religious |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Voice For Christ Ministries, Inc. |
| Sister stations | KIAM (AM), KAGV, KYKD |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 174373 |
| Class | C3 |
| ERP | 950 watts |
| HAAT | 257 meters (843 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 64°33′50″N 149°05′21″W / 64.56389°N 149.08917°W / 64.56389; -149.08917 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | KIAM-FM website |