title: Mark Lammert

abstract: Mark Lammert, is a German painter, illustrator, graphic artist and stage designer. He lives and works in Berlin.

text:
# Mark Lammert

**Mark Lammert** (born 30 September 1960, in Berlin), is a German painter, illustrator, graphic artist and stage designer. He lives and works in Berlin.

## Biography

Lammert studied painting at Kunsthochschule Berlin from 1979 to 1986 and from 1989 to 1992 he was master scholar at Akademie der Künste zu Berlin. In 1993 he created his first stage design for Heiner Müller’s production of „Duell-Traktor- Fatzer“ at Berliner Ensemble. In the following years he received scholarships for painting from Senatsverwaltung für Kulturelle Angelegenheiten, Berlin (1994) and the Kunstfond Bonn e.V. (1996) In 1997 he was affiliated to the latter as a curator. In 1997 he lived and worked in Lisbon and in 1998 he was awarded the Grafikpreis of Kunstmesse Dresden. In 1999 Akademie der Künste awarded him their Käthe Kollwitz Prize and in 2000/2001 Academie Experimentale des Theatres invited him to Paris. The Preußische Seehandlung presented him with their Eberhard Roters scholarship for painting in 2002. He spent most of 2002 in France, where he was artist in residence des „Les Recollets“, Paris. In 2011 Lammert was appointed professor of painting at the Universität der Künste, Berlin.

## Work

Lammert appeared before the public both with paintings and drawings from very early on and was represented in many exhibitions of German art (e.g. „Deutschlandbilder“, Bern 1997 and „Art of Two Germanys“, County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, 2009). His work is driven by a conceptual approach that questions the limits of what is pictorially representable. This applies to the early portraits (Stephan Hermlin, 1987) which were described as painted protest against a society unaware of its history and to the subsequent series of paintings, drawings and graphic art: beginning with the early group paintings „People Waiting“ (1983 – 88) via the frozen white nudes and butchery paintings up to the graphic sequence „Kinne“ that invalidates the cliche Heiner Müller.

His large-sized series of paintings „allied“ (1994–1995), he palimpsestically applied shades of red paint to the backside of maps increasingly illustrate his principle of reduction: he reduces fragments of human figures in the context of the cartographical pattern. He starts experimenting with various work bases, works on book caskets and puts fine line networks as quadrature onto drawings on crude paper. Since 1998 he has chosen to work on smaller pictures which he has expanded to tableaus. The scarceness that leaves only the elementary keeps the balance between the carnal and the skeleton, framework and matter, line and colour and also between image and polyvalent characters. The reduction not only captures the figurative traces of the physical, but also the colours of the backgrounds as the blots of paints appear on them like injuries. „Armbrusr“ (1997–1999), „Hüllen“ (1998–1999), „Brust-korb“ (1998–2000) and „Weiß“ (2001–2003) are placed onto white backgrounds, „Passion“ (2001–2002) and „Schwarz“ (2002–2004) are placed onto shaded dark backgrounds. Increasingly the colour sentiment begins to change („Floaters“, 2005–2009), whereas the relations between base and pictorial feature, as shown by the writing pieces, are changed and in their configuration turn towards the ornamental.

A comprehensive body of work consisting of print graphic pieces has been created alongside. In some cases all lithographic templates were embraced by the image-finding process to yield a collage-like result. Furthermore, since the 1980s, Lammert has been collecting his material in work books that serve as a parallel work space and by reflecting the media illustrate the political context his work emerges from. Apart from collages, photos and drawings which often disclose techniques of representing the brutal these books are filled with written notations and excerpts from various theoretical texts. The visual and the verbal are crossed. When creating the pieces entitled „Risse“ (2004), the technique of handwritten copying is used for the first time to bring into being pictures that are both text and drawing. By leaving openings within the body of text they reveal shapes and figures. Increasingly these notations become more fragmented and mapped. In „Knochen“ (2006/07) coloured, free-floating fields in linear contours that mark the growing stages from the animal collection of the Musée Fragonard in Paris in terms of colour are confronted with written extracts.

By means of his collaboration with Heiner Müller since 1991 („Aus dem Totenhaus“, 1990; „Blockade“, 1991; Totenzeichnungen 1995) Lammert created stage designs that convert the materiality of his painting into the spatial. The spaces that were sometimes merely divided by falling pieces of fabric (Germania 3, 1996) or by a revolving door (Perser, 2006) become fellow actors and have been referred to as dramaturgy engines.

## Work (selection)

### Single exhibitions

* 1991 und 1993, Galerie Rotunde, Altes Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin (catalogue);
* 1995 Kunsthalle Rostock (catalogue);
* 1996 Kunstmuseum Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen, Magdeburg (catalogue);
* 1998 galerie refugium, Berlin;
* 1999 Käthe Kollwitz Preis, Akademie der Künste, Berlin (catalogue);
* 2000 Kunstkabinett am Goetheplatz, Stadtmuseum Weimar;
* 2001 „Arbeitsbücher und Serien“, Kunstsammlung Neubrandenburg;
* 2002 Kunstraum Les Subsistances, Lyon;
* 2004 „Risse“, fruehsorge - Galerie für Zeichnung, Berlin;
* 2005 “Fragment d’espace”, Centro de Arte Moderna, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon (catalogue);
* 2006 “Ausgewählte Zeichnungen“, Berlinische Galerie, Landesmuseum für moderne Kunst, Fotografie und Architektur, Berlin (catalogue);
* 2007 „One Stepp beyond“ (mit Greg Stone), fruehsorge – Galerie für Zeichnung, Berlin;
* 2010 „beauty is booty", fruehsorge – Galerie für Zeichnung, Berlin;
* 2010 „Malerei 1997-2010", Guardini Gallerie, Berlin

### Group exhibitions

### Stage designs

* 1993 for Heiner Müller, „Duell-Traktor-Fatzer“ (Müller/Brecht), Berliner Ensemble, Berlin;
* 1995 for Heiner Müller, „Germania 3“ (Müller), Berliner Ensemble, Berlin;
* 1995 for Josef Szeiler, „Philoktet“ (Müller), Berliner Ensemble, Berlin;
* 1997 for Jean Jourdheuil, „Germania 3“ (Müller), Lisbon;
* 2003 for Jean Jourdheuil, „La Finta giardiniera“ (Mozart), Staatsoper Stuttgart;
* 2004 for Jean Jourdheuil, „Michel Foucault, chose dites, choses vues“, Festival d’Automne, Paris;
* 2005 for Jean Jourdheuil „Idemeneo“ (Mozart), Staatsoper Stuttgart;
* 2006 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Die Perser“ (Aischylos/Müller), Deutsches Theater Berlin;
* 2007 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Die Hamletmaschine“ (Müller), Deutsches Theater, Berlin;
* 2009 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Die Perser“ (Aischylos), Epidauros/Greece;
* 2009 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Prometheus“ (Aischylos/Müller), Volksbühne, Berlin;
* 2009 for Volker Schlöndorff, „Und das Licht scheint in der Finsternis“ (Tolstoi), Berlin/Moskau;
* 2009 for Jean Jourdheuil, „Philoktet“ (Sophokles/Müller), Théâtre de la Ville, Paris;
* 2009 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Oedipus Tyrann“ (Sophokles/Hölderlin/Müller), Thalia Theater, Hamburg;
* 2010 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Die Chinesin" (Godard), Volksbühne, Berlin;
* 2011 for Reinhild Hoffmann, „Exercices du silence", Staatsoper, Berlin;
* 2011 for Dimiter Gotscheff, „Medeamaterial" (Müller), Deutsches Theater, Berlin

### Public collections

## Awards

* 1996 Wilhelm-Höpfner-Preis der Winckelmann-Gesellschaft, Stendal
* 1998 Grafik-Preis der Kunstmesse Dresden
* 1999 Käthe Kollwitz Preis der Akademie der Künste
* 2002 Eberhard Roters Stipendium der Preußischen Seehandlung, Berlin
* 2003 Artist in residence, Centre International „Les Recollets“, Paris

## Literature

* Michael Freitag: „Kalte Anschauung. Der Maler Mark Lammert“, in: *Kunst in der DDR*. Editors: Eckhardt Gillen/Rainer Haarmann, Köln, 1990.
* Heiner Müller: „Aus dem Totenhaus“, Edition Pariser Platz 4, Berlin, 1991.
* Jannis Kounellis, Mark Lammert und Heiner Müller: BLOCKADE/ICH HAB ZUR NACHT GESESSEN MIT GESPENSTERN, Berlin, 1993.
* Durs Grünbein: *Müllers Kinn*, Berlin, 1994.
* Anni Bradon: *Schwebe-Zustand*, Rostock, 1995.
* Heiner Müller und Mark Lammert: *Drucksache Nr. 20*, Berliner Ensemble, Arbeitsbuch zu „Germania 3/Gespenster am Toten Mann“, 1996.
* Uwe Gellner: „Körperräume“, in: *Mark Lammert. Malerei*, Berlin/Magdeburg, 1996.
* Antje von Graevenitz: „Rekonstruktion einer Szene“, in: *IfA*, Stuttgart, 1997.
* Jean Jourdheuil; *Der Raum des Theaters und der Raum im Theater*, Dresden/Berlin 1998.
* Matthias Flügge: „Laudatio für Mark Lammert“, in: Sinn und Form, Berlin, 1999.
* Michael Freitag: „Die Uneigentlichkeit des Scheins“, in: *Warum*, Ostfildern, 2003.
* Roland März: „Diptychon imaginiaire“, in: *Humboldt*, Heft 86, Bonn, 2003.
* Mirjam Schaub „Scriptoria“, in: *SCHRIFT BILDER DENKEN, Walter Benjamin und die Künstler der Gegenwart*, Frankfurt am Main, 2004.
* Knut Ebeling, Carolin Meister: *Arbeitsbücher/Workbooks* (engl.), Düsseldorf, Richter-Verlag, 2005.
* Jorge Molder: „Fragment d’espace“, in: *CMA*, Lisbon, 2005.
* Ulrike Haß: „Dramaturgiemaschinen. Zu den Bühnen Mark Lammerts“, in: *Theater der Zeit*, 2008.
* Amy Eshoo *560 Broadway. A New Drawing Collecktion at Work, 1991–2006*, 2008.
* Reinhard Ermen: „Mark Lammert“, in: *Kunstforum international*, Bd. 196, Zeichnen zur Zeit, 2009.
* Eckhart Gillen: „Szenes from the theatre of the cold war of the arts“, in: *Art of Two Germanys*, County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, 2009.
* Matthias Flügge, Bruno Duarte: *Mark Lammert, Malerei 1997–2010* (engl.), Richter Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2011.
* Juriaan Benschop: *Mark Lammert*, in: Artforum, New York March 2011.
* Judith Elisabeth Weiss: *Mark Lammerts Kinne und Haare. Zeichnerische Fragmente von Heiner Müller und Dimiter Gotscheff*, in: *Kunstforum international*, Bd. 216, 2012.


title: Marko Brekalo

abstract: Marko Brekalo is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a forward for NK Lučko.

text:
# Marko Brekalo

**Marko Brekalo** (born 24 November 1992) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a forward for NK Lučko.

## Club career

In his career Brekalo played mainly in Croatia for teams such as: Lokomotiva, Dubrava, HNK Gorica, Cibalia or Šibenik, among others, but he also played in Austria and Slovenia for Floridsdorfer AC and Krka. NK Krka.

## InfoBox

Marko Brekalo
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1992-11-24) 24 November 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Zagreb, Croatia | | |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Lučko | | |
| Number | 26 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2002–2007 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | | |
| 2007 | Lokomotiva | | |
| 2007–2009 | Stupnik | | |
| 2009–2011 | Lokomotiva | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011–2013 | Lokomotiva | 0 | (0) |
| 2011 | Dubrava (loan) |  |  |
| 2012 | Gorica (loan) |  |  |
| 2012 | Zelina (loan) | 10 | (0) |
| 2013 | Dubrava (loan) |  |  |
| 2013–2014 | Vrapče |  |  |
| 2014–2015 | Dubrava |  |  |
| 2015 | Floridsdorfer AC | 8 | (0) |
| 2016 | Lučko | 7 | (1) |
| 2016 | Krka | 15 | (10) |
| 2017 | Cibalia | 10 | (1) |
| 2017–2018 | Šibenik | 28 | (5) |
| 2018 | Botoșani | 5 | (0) |
| 2019 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac | 4 | (0) |
| 2020–2021 | Krka | 21 | (6) |
| 2021- | Lučko |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 22 June 2022 | | | |


title: The Recording Angel

abstract: The Recording Angel is a sculpture located in Waupun, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A recording angel is assigned by God with the task of recording the events, actions, and prayers of each individual human.

text:
# The Recording Angel

***The Recording Angel*** is a sculpture located in Waupun, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A recording angel is assigned by God with the task of recording the events, actions, and prayers of each individual human.

## History

The angel was sculpted by Lorado Taft. He was commissioned to create the sculpture by his friend, Clarence Addison Shaler, in memory of his wife, Blanche.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Recording Angel* | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Forest Mound Cemetery<br>Waupun, Wisconsin |
| NRHP reference No. | 74000088 |
| Added to NRHP | July 15, 1974 |


title: Marko Brainović

abstract: Marko Brainović was a Croat water polo player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Yugoslav team that was eliminated in the second round of the 1948 Olympic tournament. He played two matches. Four years later he won the silver medal with the Yugoslav team in the 1952 tournament. He played three matches.

text:
# Marko Brainović

**Marko Brainović** (17 July 1920  16 October 2010) was a Croat water polo player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Yugoslav team that was eliminated in the second round of the 1948 Olympic tournament. He played two matches. Four years later he won the silver medal with the Yugoslav team in the 1952 tournament. He played three matches.

## InfoBox

Marko Brainović
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1920-07-17)July 17, 1920
Split, Yugoslavia |
| Died | October 16, 2010(2010-10-16) (aged 90)
Vienna, Austria |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Water polo |
| Medal record      Representing  Yugoslavia  Olympic Games  1952 Helsinki  Team competition | |


title: Flo Robinson

abstract: Florence Robinson is an English rugby union player. Known as Flo, she currently plays for Harlequins women's team domestically and is a member of England's 2021 Six Nations Championship squad.

text:
# Flo Robinson

**Florence Robinson** (4 October 2001) is an English rugby union player. Known as Flo, she currently plays for Harlequins women's team domestically and is a member of England's 2021 Six Nations Championship squad .

## International career

Having played for the U20s side, Robinson was called up to the senior England squad in March 2021. She was one of six development players for the side during the 2021 Women's Six Nations Championship.

Robinson has also played for the England U18s 7s side, competing in the U18s Rugby Europe competition in 2019.

## Club career

Robinson plays for Exeter Chiefs as a scrum half. She joined the club from Pulborough RFC.

## Early life and education

Her sister, Emily Robinson, plays for Harlequins Women and was also named to the England squad for the 2021 Women's Six Nations.

As well as playing rugby, Robinson is studying for a degree at the University of Exeter.

## InfoBox

Flo Robinson
| Birth name | Florence Robinson |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2001-10-04) 4 October 2001 |
| Place of birth | Brighton and Hove, England |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 64 kg (141 lb) |
| Notable relative(s) | Emily Robinson (sister) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Scrum half  **Current team** Harlequins Women  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2021–2023 Exeter Chiefs   ()  2023– Harlequins   () | |


title: Florida Complex League Red Sox

abstract: The Florida Complex League Red Sox are a professional baseball team competing in the rookie-level Florida Complex League (FCL) of Minor League Baseball. The team is owned and operated by the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). Prior to 2021, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Red Sox. The team is located in Fort Myers, Florida, and plays its home games at JetBlue Park in the Fenway South complex. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball, either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, among other countries. Injured players from the major-league Red Sox and their minor-league system occasionally play rookie-level games as their first step on a rehabilitation assignment.

text:
# Florida Complex League Red Sox

The **Florida Complex League Red Sox** are a professional baseball team competing in the rookie-level Florida Complex League (FCL) of Minor League Baseball. The team is owned and operated by the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). Prior to 2021, the team was known as the **Gulf Coast League Red Sox**. The team is located in Fort Myers, Florida, and plays its home games at JetBlue Park in the Fenway South complex.

The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball, either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, among other countries. Injured players from the major-league Red Sox and their minor-league system occasionally play rookie-level games as their first step on a rehabilitation assignment.

## History

In 1988, the Boston Red Sox and Seattle Mariners fielded a cooperative rookie-level team in the Arizona League (AZL), known as the AZL Mariners/Red Sox. The cooperative was not renewed beyond that single season.

In 1989, the Red Sox began fielding their own rookie-level team in the Gulf Coast League (GCL). The team first played in Winter Haven, Florida, moved to City of Palms Park in Fort Myers in 1993, then moved to its current facility in 2012. Prior to the 2021 season, the Gulf Coast League was renamed as the Florida Complex League (FCL).

### Notable players

At least one National Baseball Hall of Fame inductee has played for the team, Jeff Bagwell in 1989. Various players who have been MLB All-Stars have played for the team; those who were selected as All-Stars multiple times in their careers include: Carl Crawford, Carl Everett, Nomar Garciaparra, Jon Lester, Hanley Ramírez, Anthony Rizzo, and Chris Sale.

## Yearly team records

The team has finished first in its division 12 times, most recently in 2018. The team has won the league championship three times: 2006, 2014, and 2015. The team's best record came in 2015 when the club was 41–17, a .707 winning percentage.

| Season | Division | W | L | Pct. | Division
finish | League
rank | Manager | Playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | Northern | 27 | 36 | .429 | 5th | 10th (t) | Sam Mejías |  |
| 1990 | North | 34 | 29 | .524 | 3rd | 5th | Félix Maldonado |  |
| 1991 | Northern | 33 | 27 | .550 | **1st** | 2nd | Félix Maldonado | Lost in first round
vs. GCL Expos (1 game to 0) |
| 1992 | Central | 18 | 41 | .305 | 5th | 15th | Frank White |  |
| 1993 | Western | 32 | 28 | .533 | 3rd | 6th (t) | Félix Maldonado |  |
| 1994 | Western | 40 | 20 | .667 | 2nd | 3rd | Félix Maldonado |  |
| 1995 | Southwest | 21 | 36 | .368 | 3rd | 13th | Félix Maldonado |  |
| 1996 | Southwest | 24 | 36 | .400 | 4th | 14th | Bob Geren |  |
| 1997 | Northwest | 31 | 28 | .525 | 3rd | 5th (t) | Luis Aguayo |  |
| 1998 | Western | 27 | 37 | .450 | 5th | 10th | Luis Aguayo |  |
| 1999 | Western | 30 | 29 | .508 | 4th | 7th | John Sanders |  |
| 2000 | Western | 29 | 26 | .527 | 3rd | 7th | John Sanders |  |
| 2001 | Western | 37 | 22 | .627 | **1st** | 2nd | John Sanders | Lost in first round
vs. GCL Yankees (1 game to 0) |
| 2002 | Southern | 26 | 34 | .433 | 5th | 11th | John Sanders |  |
| 2003 | Southern | 33 | 26 | .559 | **1st** | 3rd | Ralph Treuel | Lost in first round
vs. GCL Braves (1 game to 0) |
| 2004 | Southern | 34 | 24 | .586 | **1st** | 4th | Ralph Treuel | Lost League Finals
vs. GCL Yankees (2 game to 0)
Won in first round
vs. GCL Mets (1 game to 0) |
| 2005 | Southern | 30 | 24 | .556 | **1st** | 3rd | Ralph Treuel | Lost in final round
vs. GCL Yankees (1 game to 0) |
| 2006 | South | 35 | 19 | .648 | **1st** | 1st | Dave Tomlin | **League Champions**
vs. GCL Dodgers (2 games to 1) |
| 2007 | Southern | 30 | 26 | .536 | 3rd | 7th | Dave Tomlin |  |
| 2008 | South | 28 | 27 | .509 | 3rd | 8th | Dave Tomlin |  |
| 2009 | South | 26 | 27 | .491 | 4th | 10th | Dave Tomlin |  |
| 2010 | South | 31 | 28 | .525 | 2nd | 5th (t) | Dave Tomlin |  |
| 2011 | South | 27 | 33 | .450 | 3rd | 11th | George Lombard |  |
| 2012 | South | 34 | 26 | .567 | **1st** | 4th | George Lombard | Lost League Finals
vs. GCL Pirates (2 games to 0)
Won in first round
vs. GCL Tigers (1 game to 0) |
| 2013 | South | 35 | 25 | .583 | **1st** | 3rd | Darren Fenster | Lost League Finals
vs. GCL Nationals (2 games to 0)
Won in first round
vs. GCL Yankees 2 (1 game to 0) |
| 2014 | South | 36 | 24 | .600 | **1st** | 4th | Tom Kotchman | **League Champions**
vs. GCL Yankees 1 (2 games to 1)
Won in first round
vs. GCL Cardinals (1 game to 0) |
| 2015 | South | 41 | 17 | .707 | **1st** | 1st | Tom Kotchman | **League Champions**
vs. GCL Blue Jays (2 games to 0)
Won in first round
vs. GCL Cardinals (1 game to 0) |
| 2016 | South | 33 | 28 | .541 | **1st** | 5th | Tom Kotchman | Lost in first round
vs. GCL Cardinals (1 game to 0) |
| 2017 | South | 27 | 31 | .466 | 4th | 14th | Tom Kotchman |  |
| 2018 | South | 33 | 22 | .600 | **1st** | 3rd | Tom Kotchman | Lost in first round
vs. GCL Tigers West (1 game to 0) |
| 2019 | South | 27 | 25 | .519 | 3rd | 9th | Tom Kotchman | *Playoffs cancelled due to Hurricane Dorian* |
| 2020 | South | *season cancelled, COVID-19 pandemic* | | | | | Tom Kotchman |  |
| 2021 | South | 37 | 20 | .649 | 2nd | 5th | Tom Kotchman |  |
| 2022 | South | 35 | 20 | .636 | 2nd | 3rd | Jimmy Gonzalez
Tom Kotchman |  |

## Roster

| **Players** | | | | **Coaches/Other** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Pitchers**
* 51 Adam Bates * 38 Nicolas De La Cruz * 3 Jesus Garcia * -- Smil Guzman ‡ * 79 Diego Hernandez * 17 Chansol Lee * 10 Eybersson Polanco * 48 Wuilliams Rodriguez * 39 Deybi Salcedo * 90 Cristofer Soriano * -- Payton Tolle * 84 Stijn Van Der Schaaf |  | **Catchers**
* 15 Frederik Jimenez * -- Gerardo Rodriguez * 2 Kleyver Salazar  **Infielders**
* 50 Yosander Asencio * -- Conrad Cason * 22 Raimundo De Los Santos * 30 Yohander Linarez * 81 Franyer Noria * 5 Starlyn Nunez * 20 Jancel Santana  **Outfielders**

 |  | **Manager**
* 31 Jimmy Gonzalez  **Coaches**
* 77 Pablo Cabrera (coach) * 87 Chase Illig (coach) * -- Michael McCormick (pitching) * 71 Jarrett Pico (hitting) * 52 Andres Rodriguez (pitching) * 36 Junior Zamora (hitting)  **60-day injured list**
* 54 Obed Balderas * 17 Alvaro Mejias (full season) * 70 Cristian Nunez  7-day injured list
* On Boston Red Sox 40-man roster
~ Development list
\# Rehab assignment
∞ Reserve list
‡ Restricted list
§ Suspended list
† Temporarily inactive list
Roster updated September 17, 2024
Transactions
→ More rosters: MiLB  Florida Complex League
Boston Red Sox minor league players |

## InfoBox

| Florida Complex League Red Sox | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Team logo Cap insignia | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Class | Rookie league |
| League | Florida Complex League (2021–present) |
| Division | South Division |
| Previous leagues | Gulf Coast League (1989–2020) |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Team | Boston Red Sox (1989–present) |
| Minor league titles | |
| League titles (3) | * 2006 * 2014 * 2015 |
| Division titles (12) | * 1991 * 2001 * 2003 * 2004 * 2005 * 2006 * 2012 * 2013 * 2014 * 2015 * 2016 * 2018 |
| Wild card berths (1) | * 2022 |
| Team data | |
| Name | FCL Red Sox |
| Previous names | GCL Red Sox (1989–2020) |
| Ballpark | JetBlue Park at Fenway South |
| Previous parks | City of Palms Park (1993–2011) |
| Owner(s)/
Operator(s) | Boston Red Sox |
| General manager | Todd Stephenson |
| Manager | Tom Kotchman |


title: The Seven Deadly Sins (play)

abstract: The Seven Deadly Sins was a two-part play written c. 1585, attributed to Richard Tarlton, and most likely premiered by his company, Queen Elizabeth's Men. The play drew upon the medieval tradition of the morality play; though it was very popular in its time, no copy of either part has survived.

text:
# The Seven Deadly Sins (play)

***The Seven Deadly Sins*** was a two-part play written c. 1585, attributed to Richard Tarlton, and most likely premiered by his company, Queen Elizabeth's Men. The play drew upon the medieval tradition of the morality play; though it was very popular in its time, no copy of either part has survived.

## The "plot"

The play is significant, however, because the "plot" of *Part 2* still exists; it was discovered in the cover of a 17th-century manuscript play, *The Tell Tale*, in a collection at Dulwich College. Originally assumed to be part of Edward Alleyn's papers, subsequent investigation suggests it was part of the collection bequeathed by player-bookseller William Cartwright the younger (c.1606–86), and was obtained by Edmond Malone when he traded the college some old religious tracts for plays from the Cartwright bequest. As the term was used in English Renaissance theatre, the "plot" of a play was a chart that summarized its action; it was posted in the "tiring house" or backstage area of a theatre. The plot of *S.D.S. 2* has a square hole punched in its middle, where it was hung on a board for all to read. The cast members of an Elizabethan dramatic production had their own parts written out for them, with relevant entrances and cues  but they did not have their own individual copies of the play text as a whole. So the posted plot was an important resource in keeping the production organized. Surviving Elizabethan plots are extremely rare  only half a dozen exist.

The existing plot for *S.D.S. 2* is not from the original production c. 1585, but from a later production c. 159798. It was acted by personnel from Chamberlain's Men at The Theatre, the first of the large public theatres of the Elizabethan era. The plot shows that *Part 2* consisted of episodes concerning three of the seven deadly sins, Envy, Sloth, and Lechery; *S.D.S. 1* must therefore have dealt with Greed, Gluttony, Wrath, and Pride.

## The cast

That cast names many of the players of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, including two boys apprenticed to John Heminges in 1595 and 1597. The plot refers to the production's personnel sometimes under the actors' names, sometimes by nicknames, and sometimes only by their roles; but at least a partial reconstruction of the actors and their roles is possible:

| Actor | *Induction* | *Envy* | *Sloth* | *Lechery* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| George Bryan | Warwick | Damascus |  |  |
| Richard Burbage |  | Gorboduc |  | Tereus |
| "Harry" (Henry Condell?) |  | Ferrex |  | a lord |
| Richard Cowley | a lieutenant | a soldier; a lord | Giraldus; a musician | a lord |
| Augustine Phillips |  |  | Sardanapalus |  |
| Thomas Pope |  |  | Arbactus |  |
| John Sinkler | a keeper | a soldier | a captain; a musician | Mercury (?) |
| William Sly |  | Porrex |  | a lord |
| "Ro. Go." |  |  | Aspasia |  |
| "Kit" |  | a soldier | a captain |  |
|

"Ro. Go.," the actor (most likely a boy player) who filled a female role, might have been Robert Gough, who was with the Chamberlain's/King's troupe down to 1621. "Kit" might have been Christopher Beeston, who was with the Chamberlain's in the 15981602 period. The plot also mentions Robert Pallant, John Duke, and John Holland, all Lord Chamberlain's Men, and Thomas Goodale, a hired player. Other players named on the lot include Vincent (Thomas Vincent?), T. Belt (Thomas Belt), Saunder (Alexander Cooke), Nick (Nicholas Tooley?), Ned (Edmund Shakespeare?), and Will (William Ostler? William Ecclestone?).

* Chambers, E. K. *The Elizabethan Stage.* 4 Volumes, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1923.
* Gurr, Andrew. *The Shakespearean Stage 15741642.* Third edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
* Halliday, F. E. *A Shakespeare Companion 15641964.* Baltimore, Penguin, 1964.
* Kathman, David. "Reconsidering the Seven Deadly Sins", *Early Theatre* Vol. 7 (2004), pp. 13–44.
* Kathman, David. "*The Seven Deadly Sins* and Theatrical Apprenticeship", *Early Theatre* Vol. 14 (2011), pp. 121–39.
* McMillin, Scott. "Greg, Fleay, and the Plot of *2 Seven Deadly Sins*," *Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England*, Vol. 4 (1989), pp. 3–62.
* Nunzeger, Edwin. *A Dictionary of Actors and of Others Associated with the Representation of Plays in England Before 1642*. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1929.


title: Montpellier, Cheltenham

abstract: Montpellier is a district of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire (England), at the end of the Promenade south of the town centre. Originally developed in the 1830s in conjunction with the spas, it is now known for its bars, cafés, restaurants and range of specialist shops. In April 2008 Montpellier was one of the most expensive areas in Cheltenham to buy property, with apartments ranging from £300,000 to over £1,000,000, townhouses from around £400,000, and houses over £4,000,000.

text:
# Montpellier, Cheltenham

**Montpellier** is a district of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire (England), at the end of the Promenade south of the town centre. Originally developed in the 1830s in conjunction with the spas, it is now known for its bars, cafés, restaurants and range of specialist shops. In April 2008 Montpellier was one of the most expensive areas in Cheltenham to buy property, with apartments ranging from £300,000 to over £1,000,000, townhouses from around £400,000, and houses over £4,000,000.

## History

**Montpellier Spa** was initiated by Henry Thompson after springs were discovered on land he bought in 1801. The Spa buildings of 1817 were by George Allen Underwood. Thompson's son Pearson extensively developed the area and arranged for supporting entertainment for the spa facilities. He commissioned the distinctive Rotunda by John Buonarotti Papworth as a pump room in 1825. This was a branch of Lloyds Bank, but is now a part of The Ivy restaurant chain. Opposite are "Montpellier Gardens", also laid out by Papworth. The architects and developers R. W. and C. Jearrad took over the running of Montpellier Spa from Thompson in 1830. Montpellier Walk, leading to Montpellier Spa and designed by W. H. Knight in 1840, is noted for the caryatids supporting the shop fronts.

## Commercial activity

Montpellier is home to several clothing boutiques, three jeweller's shops, including Metal and Stone, a working goldsmiths, a Scandinavian specialist shop and also a varied selection of cafes. The *Montpellier Courtyard* is home to internationally recognised brands such as Bang & Olufsen and Tokyotattoo Studios. The unique tattoo & piercing studio opened its doors in 2012 on November 5. The tattoo studio won Independent Business of the Year in 2018.

Montpellier's bars include *The Montpellier Wine Bar*, *The Rotunda Tavern*, *John Gordon's*, *Door 4 Cocktail Bar*, *Harry Cook* and *All Bar One*, with *The Circus Bar* at the lower end of Montpellier Street. Eating establishments include *The Thai Brasserie* (Thai), *Tarragon* (Continental), *Indian Voojan* (Indian), and *Brasserie Blanc* (French).

The area is connected with a Segregated Bicycle Path into Lansdown, Cheltenham.

* Verey, David (1976) *Gloucestershire: the Vale and the Forest of Dean*, (The Buildings of England), 2nd ed. Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-071041-8

51°53′44″N 2°4′57″W / 51.89556°N 2.08250°W / 51.89556; -2.08250


title: Nihamanchi

abstract:
Nihamanchï is a beer brewed from cassava by indigenous peoples of South America. It is also known as nihamanci, nijimanche, or nijiamanchi, and is related to chicha. Jívaro women make it by chewing manioc tubers, placing them in large jars, and allowing them to ferment in their saliva. Nijimanche is nutrious, and adults drink 4–5 quarts a day. The same beverage is made by the Jivaro in Ecuador and Peru; they call it nijimanche. As Michael Harner describes it:
  - The sweet manioc beer, is prepared by first peeling and washing the tubers in the stream near the garden. Then the water and manioc are brought to the house, where the tubers are cut up and put in a pot to boil.... The manioc is then mashed and stirred to a soft consistency with the aid of a special wooden paddle. While the woman stirs the mash, she chews handfuls [sic] of [it] and spits them back into the pot, a process that may take half an hour or longer.
  - After the mash has been prepared, it is transferred to a beer storage jar and left to ferment.... The resultant liquid tastes somewhat like a pleasingly alcoholic buttermilk and is most refreshing. The Jivaros consider it to be far superior to plain water, which they drink only in emergencies. The Tiriós and Erwarhoyanas, Indian tribes from northern Brazil and Suriname, make a beverage called sakurá with the sweet variety of cassava. Yagua people brew a similar beverage which they called masato.

text:
# Nihamanchi

**Nihamanchï** is a beer brewed from cassava (*Manihot esculenta*) by indigenous peoples of South America. It is also known as **nihamanci**, **nijimanche**, or **nijiamanchi**, and is related to chicha.

Jívaro women make it by chewing manioc tubers, placing them in large jars, and allowing them to ferment in their saliva. Nijimanche is nutrious, and adults drink 4–5 quarts a day.

The same beverage is made by the Jivaro in Ecuador and Peru (the Shuara, Achuara, Aguaruna and Mayna people); they call it nijimanche. As Michael Harner describes it:

The sweet manioc beer (nihamanci or nijiamanchi), is prepared by first peeling and washing the tubers in the stream near the garden. Then the water and manioc are brought to the house, where the tubers are cut up and put in a pot to boil. ... The manioc is then mashed and stirred to a soft consistency with the aid of a special wooden paddle. While the woman stirs the mash, she chews handfuls  \[*sic*\] of \[it\] and spits them back into the pot, a process that may take half an hour or longer. After the mash has been prepared, it is transferred to a beer storage jar and left to ferment. ... The resultant liquid tastes somewhat like a pleasingly alcoholic buttermilk and is most refreshing. The Jivaros consider it to be far superior to plain water, which they drink only in emergencies.

The Tiriós and Erwarhoyanas, Indian tribes from northern Brazil and Suriname, make a beverage called *sakurá* with the sweet variety of cassava.

Yagua people brew a similar beverage which they called *masato.*


title: Tamboor

abstract: Tamboor is a town in Kalghatgi Taluk, Dharwad District in Karnataka, India. It is about 8 km from Kalghatagi and about 11 km from Kalghatgi NH 63, 3 km from main road in Karnataka state, India.

text:
# Tamboor

**Tamboor** is a town in Kalghatgi Taluk, Dharwad District in Karnataka, India. It is about 8 km from Kalghatagi and about 11 km from Kalghatgi (via Devikoppa) NH 63, 3 km from main road in Karnataka state, India.

## Name

Tamboor name came to village due to the huge availability of copper in earlier years. "Tamra nagar" converted to tamroor and tamboor.

## Geography

Tamboor is located at Western Ghats. Thick forests here hold tigers, chital, elephant, sarang, cobra, and other wildlife.

Other local areas of interest include Tamboor Lake, Satoo Shahid Durga, Kali River, Anashi Reserve Forest, Supa Dam.

## Transport

It is better to travel in one's own vehicle. Three daily buses and tempose traveling via Devikoppa from Kalghatgi, Hubli, Dharwad and Yellapur. Nearest places: Kalghatgi, Dharwad, Hubli and Yellapur.

## Basavanna temple

Tamboor is an important center of pilgrimage for people of the Lingayat faith. The Temple of Basavanna, one of the most revered saints of the Lingayat faith lies here. In the 12th century, the Chalukya and Ganga dynasties ruled there. The Tamboor jathre or congregations attracts pilgrims from all over Karnataka as one of the major community or \`panchamsali lingayaths' are large number devoted here visiting regularly.

Tamboor (Tambur) Basavanna temple is situated 11 km from Kalghatgi, at the end of Devikoppa Forest.

1. "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka - Dharwad, Dharwad Circle, Karnataka". Retrieved 13 March 2009.
2. "Dharwad District". Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2009.


title: Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking

abstract:
The Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking (1977–1979) or Woodward Royal Commission was a royal commission initiated by the New South Wales Government to investigate drug trafficking in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, especially links between the Mafia and New South Wales Police and the disappearance of anti-marijuana campaigner Donald Mackay. The commission was a penetrating investigation of organised crime, revealing for the first time the power and influence of the Calabrian mafia in Australia. According to a book published in 2009 co-authored by former NSW police assistant commissioner, Clive Small:
  - Woodward's report was the first to publicly identify members of the Calabrian mafia in Australia and the first to expose the scale of its drug-dealing. Woodward gave every justification for the government to crack down on the Calabrians but it didn't happen. And it still hasn't happened. Only the drugs have changed.

text:
# Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking

The **Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking** (19771979) or **Woodward Royal Commission** was a royal commission initiated by the New South Wales Government to investigate drug trafficking in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, especially links between the Mafia and New South Wales Police and the disappearance of anti-marijuana campaigner Donald Mackay.

The commission was a penetrating investigation of organised crime, revealing for the first time the power and influence of the Calabrian mafia in Australia. According to a book published in 2009 co-authored by former NSW police assistant commissioner, Clive Small:

> Woodward's report was the first to publicly identify members of the Calabrian mafia in Australia and the first to expose the scale of its drug-dealing. Woodward gave every justification for the government to crack down on the Calabrians but it didn't happen. And it still hasn't happened. Only the drugs have changed.

## Background and terms of reference

Discoveries of marijuana plantations in several places in New South Wales, allegations that a criminal organisation existed based in the production and distribution of drugs and the sudden unexplained accumulation of wealth, especially in the town of Griffith lead to lobbying for a Royal Commission into the drug trafficking business. The pressure culminated after 15 July 1977 when the disappearance of Donald Bruce Mackay, an activist against the drug trade, was believed to have been engineered by drug trafficking interests.

The commission was proclaimed in *NSW Government Gazette* on 5 August 1977 when Philip Morgan Woodward was appointed sole commissioner to:

*"enquire into and report upon* *1. The cultivation, production, manufacture, distribution, supply, possession and use of:* *(a) drugs that are, for the time being drugs of addiction or prohibited drugs within the meaning of the Poisons Act, 1966; and* *(b) other drugs (other than tobacco or alcohol) that are drugs of dependence or of dependence potential* *2. the identity of persons involved in:* *(a) the cultivation, production, manufacture, distribution or supply, where contrary to the laws of the State, of drugs of the kind referred to in paragraph 1, or in the possession or use by others, when contrary to those laws, of those drugs; or illegal or improper activities in connection with the matters referred to in subparagraph (a); and* *3. whether, in the light of the findings of the Commission on the above matters, changes are desirable in:* *(a) the manner in which the laws of the State relating to the cultivation, production, manufacture, distribution, supply, possession and use of drugs of the kinds referred to in paragraph 1 are administered by the authorities of the State, whether acting alone or in co-operation with the authorities of other States or the Commonwealth; or* *(b) those laws referred to in subparagraph (a)*

## Commission term, proceedings, recommendations and report

The Royal Commission was originally appointed for a period of six months. The term was subsequently extended twice and the final report of the commission was submitted to the governor on 31 October 1979. The commissioner's terms of reference were restricted to the legal aspects of drug trafficking rather than medical or social aspects.

Hearings commenced on 10 August 1977 and the commissioner conducted public hearings on 175 days and in camera hearings on 146 days. Evidence was given by 565 witnesses and 1000 summonses were issued for the production of documents or the attendance of witnesses. The commissioner gathered information in North America and other overseas countries in 1978.

The Royal Commissioner studied, examined and reported upon the following drugs - cannabis; narcotics; heroin; amphetamines, cocaine and hallucinogens. For each drug he reported upon the nature, history, use, reported seizures, and the nature of the trade. In addition, the commissioner studied seizures which had occurred in various places in the State including The Riverina, Colleambally, Euston, Wollongong, Sutherland and St George and Byron Bay, and the operation of known importers and distributors. The commissioner reported on the treatment of drug offenders and the current statutory provision for dealing with drug offenses.

The report of the Commission concluded with a total of 89 recommendations in the general areas of statutory, legal administration and law enforcement reform, identification of drug users, promotion of programs to discourage drug use, information sharing amongst various agencies concerned with drug trade (health, drug regulation, communications and law enforcement); co-operation with other Australian jurisdictions, other countries and international agencies in obtaining information about and dealing with the drug problem; and improved treatment of drug addicts.

The Royal Commission concluded on 31 October, when the report was handed to the governor in the Premier's Office.

## InfoBox

Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking
| Date | 1977–1979 |
| --- | --- |
| Duration | 2 years |
| Location | Sydney, Australia |
| Also known as | Woodward Royal Commission |
| Commissioner | Justice Philip Morgan Woodward |


# North Carolina Highway Patrol K-9 incident

On August 8, 2007, during a canine training exercise, North Carolina Highway Patrol Sgt. Charles L. Jones was video taped by cell phone hanging his assigned police dog by the neck and repeatedly kicking the dog in order for it to release a chew toy that was in the dog's mouth. Jones claimed he was following proper canine handling procedure.

The incident originally led to Jones being dismissed and North Carolina canceling its Highway Patrol K-9 program, but on November 22, 2010, a North Carolina Superior Court Judge ruled that Jones was improperly dismissed, and awarded Jones back salary and attorney fees.

## Timeline

On August 8, 2007, during a training process at the North Carolina Highway Patrol Training Center, Trooper Ray Herndon video taped Jones hanging and kicking his assigned police dog, a Belgian Shepherd Dog (Malinois) named Ricoh, when the dog refused to release its favorite chew toy. After the training exercise, the video footage was given to Jones' superiors, however, no action was taken to investigate or discipline Jones. One supervisor's administrative assistant was Jones' wife, and both lived in the superior's house in Wake County, North Carolina. Jones' other supervisor was given a written warning for failing to report the existence of the video to his superiors.

On August 28, 2007, the video tape and investigation was given to the internal affairs unit of the Highway Patrol and ultimately the matter was turned over to the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation and the Wake County, North Carolina, district attorney's office. On August 31, 2007, Jones was placed on paid administrative leave while being investigated. On September 8, 2007, Jones was given a pre-dismissal hearing. Internal affairs recommended Jones be terminated, and Jones was terminated the following day.

In April 2008, a three-day hearing was held in Jones' lawsuit against the state of North Carolina and the North Carolina Highway Patrol for wrongful termination. According to Jones, his technique for forcing the dog to release the chew toy was part of standard police dog training. On April 30, 2008 the Secretary of the State Department of Crime Control and Public Safety suspended the operations of the K-9 program, saying he was disturbed by evidence at Jones' hearing that some troopers thought kicking a dog was acceptable training.

In October 2008, the North Carolina State Personnel Commission ordered the Highway Patrol to reinstate Jones, stating it did not find "just cause to dismiss for unacceptable personal conduct." However, it did find "sufficient cause for discipline for unsatisfactory job performance."

Several animal advocate groups campaigned for Officer Jones to face criminal charges for his actions, however, no criminal charges were filed. Jones' police dog, Ricoh, was removed from his possession and retired.

In late October 2008, Ricoh was found living back with Jones. The Highway Patrol had given Ricoh to another trooper after it was retired, and that trooper gave the dog back to Jones. That trooper testified on his behalf at the April 2008 hearing to reinstate Jones. The Highway Patrol had asked the trooper to return the dog, but he refused.

According to Jones' own reports of more than 240 training sessions leading up to the kicking incident, Jones issued one positive report after another for Ricoh. For the past 18 months, the reports showed that Ricoh obeyed voice commands and hand signals, found illegal drugs stashed in cars and buildings, or passed by those that were clean. He was praised, rewarded or both nearly every time. "Ricoh was utilized for an obedience exercise," Jones wrote in one report on June 11, 2007. "Ricoh did well following all voice and hand commands. Ricoh was rewarded and praised." However, Jones and his former fellow officers testified that Ricoh was a "maniac" and "hard to handle". The discrepancy between the reports and the testimony prompted a criminal investigation by the State Bureau of Investigation.

In December 2008, after the testimony of Jones and his former fellow officers about their canine handling techniques, the North Carolina Highway Patrol canceled its K-9 program indefinitely. In June 2009, the patrol implemented a new program with new dogs and handlers. Six Labrador Retrievers had been paired with freshly trained troopers. The Highway Patrol now uses Labrador Retrievers instead of Shepherd breeds, because they are better at detecting drugs, which is the dogs' primary duty.

## Wrongful termination lawsuit

After the Highway Patrol refused to rehire Jones following an October 2008 ruling by a state committee that Jones should be reinstated, Jones sued the state of North Carolina and the Highway Patrol for reinstatement and back salary plus attorney's fees.

On November 22, 2010, a superior court judge ruled that Jones was improperly dismissed, and that Jones should receive back salary and attorney fees. The judge ruled that although Jones' actions were not among the training techniques specifically approved by the Highway Patrol, "they were no worse than the agency's accepted methods."


title: Mabrya acerifolia

abstract: Mabrya acerifolia, or brittlestem, is a mat-forming herbaceous perennial native to south-central Arizona. It has pale yellow tubular flowers. It was first described by Francis W. Pennell in 1924 in the genus Maurandya and transferred to Mabrya by Wayne J. Elisens in 1985. The epithet acerifolia refers to the somewhat maple-like shape of its leaves.

text:
# Mabrya acerifolia

***Mabrya acerifolia***, or **brittlestem**, is a mat-forming herbaceous perennial native to south-central Arizona. It has pale yellow tubular flowers. It was first described by Francis W. Pennell in 1924 in the genus *Maurandya* and transferred to *Mabrya* by Wayne J. Elisens in 1985. The epithet *acerifolia* refers to the somewhat maple-like shape of its leaves.

## InfoBox

| *Mabrya acerifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | *Mabrya* |
| Species: | ***M. acerifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mabrya acerifolia***<br>(Pennell) Elisens | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Maurandya acerifolia* Pennell * *Antirrhinum flaviflorum var. dentatum* Tidestr. * *Asarina acerifolia* (Pennell) Pennell | |


title: Noda, Iwate

abstract: Noda is a village located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2020, the village had an estimated population of 4,201, and a population density of 52 persons per km⁲ in 1660 households. The total area of the village is 80.84 square kilometres (31.21 sq mi).

text:
# Noda, Iwate

**Noda** (野田村, *Noda-mura*) is a village located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2020, the village had an estimated population of 4,201, and a population density of 52 persons per km2 in 1660 households. The total area of the village is 80.84 square kilometres (31.21 sq mi).

## Geography

Noda is located in far northeastern Iwate Prefecture, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east. The western portion of the village is within the Kitakami Mountains. Parts of the coastline of Noda are within the borders of the Sanriku Fukkō National Park.

### Neighboring municipalities

Iwate Prefecture

### Climate

Noda has a cold oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification *Cfb*) characterized by mild summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Noda is 8.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1273 mm with September as the wettest month and February as the driest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 21.4 °C, and lowest in January, at around -2.9 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Noda peaked in around 1960 and has declined steadily over the past 60 years.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | 3,394 |  |
| 1930 | 3,893 | +14.7% |
| 1940 | 4,301 | +10.5% |
| 1950 | 5,476 | +27.3% |
| 1960 | 5,935 | +8.4% |
| 1970 | 5,863 | −1.2% |
| 1980 | 5,304 | −9.5% |
| 1990 | 5,285 | −0.4% |
| 2000 | 5,195 | −1.7% |
| 2010 | 4,632 | −10.8% |
| 2020 | 3,936 | −15.0% |

## History

The area of present-day Noda was part of ancient Mutsu Province, dominated by the Nambu clan from the Muromachi period, and part of Hachinohe Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. During the early Meiji period, the village of Noda was created within Kita-Kunohe District on April 1, 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. The area was swept by the tsunami created by the 1896 Sanriku earthquake, which killed 261 villagers and destroyed 411 houses. Kita-Kunohe District and Minami-Kunohe Districts merged to form Kunohe District on April 1, 1897. The village again suffered from the effects the tsunami of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake, which killed seven people and destroyed 58 houses. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami also created extensive damage.

## Government

Noda has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral village council of eight members. Noda, together with the neighboring city of Kuji, contributes two seats to the Iwate Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the village is part of Iwate 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The local economy is based on commercial fishing and to a lesser extent on agriculture. The area was formerly noted for its salt production.

## Education

Noda has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the village government. There is one public high school operated by the Iwate Prefectural Board of Education.

## Transportation

### Railway

### Highway

Media related to Noda, Iwate at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Noda 野田村 | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Noda Village Hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Noda in Iwate Prefecture | |
| Noda | |
| Coordinates: 40°06′37.1″N 141°49′3.7″E / 40.110306°N 141.817694°E / 40.110306; 141.817694 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Tōhoku |
| Prefecture | Iwate |
| District | Kunohe |
| Area | |
| Total | 80.80 km2 (31.20 sq mi) |
| Population (March 31, 2020) | |
| Total | 4,201 |
| Density | 52/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0194-78-2111 |
| Address | Noda dai-20 jiwari 14, Noda-mura, Kunohe-gun, Iwate 028-8201 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test

abstract: The Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, or the FCAT/FCAT 2.0, was the standardized test used in the primary and secondary public schools of Florida. First administered statewide in 1998, it replaced the State Student Assessment Test (SSAT) and the High School Competency Test (HSCT). As of the 2014-2015 school year FCAT was replaced in the state of Florida. The Florida Department of Education later implemented the Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) for English Language Arts, Reading, Mathematics and a Writing or typing test. A Comprehensive science test is still used for grades 5 and 8.

text:
# Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test

The **Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test**, or the **FCAT/FCAT 2.0**, was the standardized test used in the primary and secondary public schools of Florida. First administered statewide in 1998, it replaced the State Student Assessment Test (SSAT) and the High School Competency Test (HSCT). As of the 2014-2015 school year FCAT was replaced in the state of Florida. The Florida Department of Education later implemented the Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) for English Language Arts, Reading, Mathematics and a Writing or typing test. A Comprehensive science test is still used for grades 5 and 8.

## Administration and use

The FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test) was administered annually, in late February and early to mid-March as well as April, to all public school students in grades three through eleven. Students in grades three through ten are required to take the reading and math portion every year. Private and parochial school students are not required to take the FCAT; most of these schools administer another standardized test instead, such as the Stanford Achievement Test, which is exactly the same as the FCAT NRT, formerly taken by public school students. FCAT Science is administered annually to public school students in the fifth, eighth, and eleventh grades. In the fourth, eighth, and tenth grades, public school students take the FCAT Writes exam (formerly called "Florida Writes!" and "FCAT Writing+"); unlike the other tests, the FCAT Writes exam is administered in early February to allow adequate time for scoring before the end of the school year.

Students' results from the FCAT are compiled to generate a grade for each public school. Under this plan, public schools receive a grade from A to F, based on what percentage of students pass the exams and what percentage of both the entire student body and the bottom 25% of the school demonstrate adequate growth on the exam over their previous year's performance. If a school improves a letter grade (including schools that improve from an F to a D), or maintains an A, the state direct-deposits "reward money" to the school in the amount of $75 per student enrolled (this amount used to be $100 before the 2008 recession). This money is not collectively bargained or funneled through the recipient school's district. Schools can use the money for staff bonuses, educational equipment, materials related to boosting student performance, or to hire temporary personnel to assist in improving student performance. Most of the money typically goes toward teacher bonuses, however.

As of the 2010-2011 school year it has been called the "FCAT 2.0" On actual test material it is labeled "FCAT 2.0 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards."

As of the 2014-2015 school year, many grades do not take the FCAT, and it has now been formally replaced with the Florida Standards Assessments (FSA).

## Promotion and graduation

When originally introduced, students in fourth grade were required to pass the reading portion of the test in order to be promoted to the fifth grade. After passage of the No Child Left Behind Act by the United States Congress in 2001, the mandatory passage was moved from fourth grade down to third grade, so as to align Florida with federal statutory requirements. In addition to the third grade requirement, public school students in Florida must also pass the tenth grade FCAT, not only in reading, but also in mathematics, in order to be eligible to receive a high school diploma. Grade 3 and graduation are the only two instances in which federal or state statute require passage of the FCAT; it is given at the other grades for the intention of providing diagnostic information, both on students and schools. However, many counties in the state have adopted other promotional requirements tied to the FCAT, but these are at the discretion of each individual county school board.

Exceptional education (ESE) students were able to waive the FCAT requirement to get a Standard High School Diploma. Those ESE students wishing to obtain a regular high school diploma must score a passing grade on the FCAT or receive a waiver for the FCAT. In order to get the waiver, ESE students must prove that they have taken several steps to try to pass the FCAT and must also show that they have improved every time they have taken the test.

## Options after failing the FCAT

A student failing the tenth grade test—that is, the test required for graduation—is allowed approximately five additional opportunities to pass it prior to graduation. Originally, students were given four more chances to pass the test after failing it in 10th grade—in October and March of both their junior and senior years in high school. However, starting in 2006, students were provided an additional test administration during the summer between school years. Students, however, may not retake the Grade 10 FCAT during the summer between their sophomore and junior year because additional time is needed for remediation. If students do not pass the FCAT prior to their scheduled graduation, they may continue to retake it until they pass it to earn a standard high school diploma.

Students completing the minimum number of credits for high school graduation, but not passing the FCAT, may still be allowed to graduate with a certificate of completion. Students may substitute the appropriate subject-area score from either the ACT or SAT. A score of 19 on either the Reading or Mathematics sections of the ACT or a 280 on the Reading and a 370 on the Mathematics sections of the SAT can be used to waive the FCAT requirement after the student has failed the 10th grade test at least three times. Students may earn the concordant passing score prior to taking the FCAT Retake Reading or Mathematics examination three times, but they cannot substitute it in lieu of the passing FCAT score until they have taken the FCAT Retake Reading or Mathematics examination three times. In any case, students will receive a Certificate of Completion that allows for admittance in any state community college for which they have met all graduation requirements apart from passing the FCAT.

Students may also transfer their credits to a private or out-of-state school. Several high schools in North Carolina and South Carolina regularly market in Florida on radio stations annually during the spring and early summer, advertising their 'service' that is available to 'graduating' Florida high school students who for whatever reason failed to pass the FCAT and were unable to receive a high school diploma, despite having excellent grade point averages and having completed all course requirements for a high school diploma.

## Scoring

The FCAT is either machine-scored or hand-scored, depending on the section. Multiple-choice and gridded-response questions are machine-scored. Performance tasks, such as short-response, extended-response, and essay items, are hand-scored. Like several other standardized tests, the raw score does not directly reflect the final score; some questions are considered to be of a higher difficulty level than others and, therefore, carry more scoring weight. This type of scoring is called Item Response Theory (IRT).

## Criticism

Though the system was designed to reward public schools for excellence in teaching, many educators and community members have criticized the program, claiming that the program takes funding from schools which need it most. It has also been criticized by many students and teachers because the schools put too much emphasis on the FCAT and not enough on preparing students for the real world.

The FCAT tests have also come under fire from education groups and parents for encouraging teachers to teach students how to pass a test, rather than to teach students the fundamental material in the core subjects such as English. Another point of criticism on the FCAT is that all students of the same grade take the same test, despite the fact that different students are enrolled in different courses. To compensate for this, in many schools, teachers are directed to cover FCAT skills, regardless of what subject they are supposed to be covering.

Retired teacher and Lakeland political activist Carol Castagnero has been a harsh critic of the FCAT and ran for several offices to highlight her opposition to the exam. Castagnero called the test "unconstitutional" during her 2006 campaign for governor and stated during her 2008 congressional campaign that "children are being terrorized with a test called FCAT." Writers such as Diane Ravitch claim that high-stakes testing is driven by corporate interests rather than student and teacher interests.

## End-of-Course Assessments (EOC)

As of the 2010–11 school year, high school students in Florida in grades (9–12) will be required to pass End-of-Course exams for eligibility to obtain credit in the course in which the EOC exam was administered.

The End-of-Course Assessments are being used to replace the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).The Algebra I EOC exam was the first end-of-course exam to be administered for Florida back in Spring 2011. As of now, the following EOC exams are being administered for Florida: Algebra I, Geometry, Biology, U.S. History. For the 2010–11 school year, the Algebra I EOC exam was worth 30% of the student's final grade. As for the 2011–12 school year, the Algebra I EOC exam was pass or fail. The students must achieve a 70% score (Level 3) or higher to be considered passing the Algebra I EOC exam. For 2012–13 school year, incoming ninth graders must pass not only the Algebra I EOC Exam, but also the Biology EOC to earn a high school diploma. The End-of-Course exams are used to ensure that the student has learned all the content in the course. End-of-Course exams are not required for students with specific learning disabilities.

All EOCs are administered school-wide throughout a week, ensuring no issues occur while students are signing into the program. The exams are taken on a computer, generally on a standard model for all students to guarantee fairness. If the test has not been completed within the 160-minute session, test-takers may continue working for the remainder of the school day.

## FCAT Explorer

FCAT Explorer was an internet-based tool designed to help Florida students in grades 3–11 pass the FCAT by focusing on mastery of the Sunshine State Standards through several interactive programs. Each student received a unique username and password to access these programs, and schools in Florida often set aside time during the day to work specifically on FCAT Explorer. The domain is now for sale.


title: Flying Boat Training Squadron RAF

abstract: Flying Boat Training Squadron RAF is a former Squadron of the Royal Air Force which was operational between 1931 and 1956 through various names.

text:
# Flying Boat Training Squadron RAF

**Flying Boat Training Squadron RAF** is a former Squadron of the Royal Air Force which was operational between 1931 and 1956 through various names.

## Structure

The **Flying Boat Training Squadron** was formed on 2 January 1939 at RAF Calshot. It operated Supermarine Stranraer I, a British biplane flying boat, Supermarine Scapa I, a British general reconnaissance flying boat, and Short Singapore III, a British multi-engined biplane flying boat, before being disbanded and merged with the **Seaplane Training Squadron** to become **No. 4 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit**, on 16 March 1941.

**History of the Seaplane Training Squadron**

The **Seaplane Training Squadron** formed on 1 October 1931 at RAF Calshot by redesignating the **Seaplane Training Flight**, which itself had been formed on 5 February 1923 at RAF Calshot by redesignating an element of the disbanding **Seaplane Training School**, that was equipped with Fairey IIID, Fairey IIIF, and Supermarine Southampton I & II.

The Seaplane Training Squadron had a Floatplane Training Flight and in April 1938 this became independent of the squadron. The squadron operated a number of aircraft types and variants:

The Seaplane Training Squadron disbanded on 16 March 1941 at RAF Wig Bay and merged with the **Flying Boat Training Squadron** to become **No. 4 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF**.

**History of No. 4 OTU**

**No. 4 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF** was formed on 16 March 1941. Its role was to train flying boat aircrew for RAF Coastal Command and the unit was formed within No. 17 Group RAF at RAF Stranraer. The unit was initially equipped with Short Singapore III, a British multi-engined biplane flying boat and it later received Supermarine Stranraer flying boat, Consolidated Catalina, a flying boat and amphibious aircraft, and Saunders-Roe A.36 Lerwick, a British flying boat. No. 4 (C) OTU then moved onto RAF Invergordon in June 1941, and in the following December it received Short Sunderland, a British flying boat patrol bomber. No. 4 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit was equipped with numerous types and variants of aircraft:

Flying boat aircrew training was split into two sections in February 1942. Operational training was done at RAF Invergordon, but initial flying boat training was relocated back at RAF Stranraer. However, with an expansion of RAF Invergordon completed, the latter element returned in November. The Consolidated Catalina were transferred to **No. 131 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF** in Autumn 1943, and from Autumn 1944 the units land based aircraft briefly used RAF Evanton and then moved to RAF Tain. In August 1946 No. 4 (C) OTU moved to RAF Pembroke Dock, but just under twelve months later it disbanded, on 31 July 1947, to become **No. 235 Operational Conversion Unit RAF**.

**History of No. 235 OCU**

**No. 235 Operational Conversion Unit** was formed at RAF Calshot, as a redesignation of No. 4 (C) OTU, on 31 July 1947. It operated Short Sunderland V flying boat, and Short Seaford, a British long range maritime patrol bomber flying boat. Between August 1947 and April 1951 it was assigned the squadron code **TA** but then from April 1951 until October 1953 it had the squadron code **D**. The OCU disbanded on 17 October 1953 at RAF Calshot to become the Flying Boat Training Squadron.

**Reformation**

The **Flying Boat Training Squadron** was reformed at RAF Pembroke Dock on 17 October 1953 as a redesignation of **No. 235 OCU**. It operated with Short Sunderland V flying boat, before being disbanded less than 3 years later, on 5 October 1956, still at RAF Pembroke Dock.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Flying Boat Training Squadron RAF
~~No. 235 Operational Conversion Unit RAF~~
~~No. 4 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF~~
~~Seaplane Training Squadron RAF~~
~~Seaplane Training Flight RAF~~ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Active | 2 January 1939 - 5 October 1956 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Type | Operational Conversion Unit |
| Role | Flying boat training |
| Part of | RAF Coastal Command |


title: Montpont-en-Bresse

abstract: Montpont-en-Bresse is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

text:
# Montpont-en-Bresse

**Montpont-en-Bresse** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃pɔ̃ ɑ̃ bʁɛs\], literally *Montpont in Bresse*) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geography

The Sâne Morte forms the commune's south-eastern border. The Sâne Vive flows northwestward through the middle of the commune.

## InfoBox

| Montpont-en-Bresse | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Montpont-en-Bresse | |
|  | |
| Location of Montpont-en-Bresse | |
| Montpont-en-BresseMontpont-en-Bresse | |
| Coordinates: 46°33′29″N 5°09′54″E / 46.5581°N 5.165°E / 46.5581; 5.165 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Saône-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Louhans |
| Canton | Cuiseaux |
| Intercommunality | CC Terres de Bresse |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Anne Moreira |
| Area**1** | 37.46 km2 (14.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,091 |
| Density | 29/km2 (75/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 71318 /71470 |
| Elevation | 182–213 m (597–699 ft)
(avg. 198 m or 650 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Nihal Zoysa

abstract: Nihal Zoysa is a Sri Lankan former cricketer. He played in 141 first-class and 54 List A matches between 1988/89 and 2008/09. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Sri Lanka Police Sports Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.

text:
# Nihal Zoysa

**Nihal Zoysa** (born 9 April 1970) is a Sri Lankan former cricketer. He played in 141 first-class and 54 List A matches between 1988/89 and 2008/09. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Sri Lanka Police Sports Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.

## InfoBox

Nihal Zoysa
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Wijesekera Nihal Mahinda Zoysa |
| Born | (1970-04-09) 9 April 1970<br>Colombo, Ceylon |
| Source: Cricinfo, 20 April 2021 | |


title: Tomás Diez Acosta

abstract: Tomás Diez Acosta was a Cuban revolutionary soldier and a teacher and writer of history. Tomás Diez Acosta joined Cuba's Revolutionary Armed Forces in 1961. From 1970 to 1986 he taught history at a Military Academy in Cuba, and has been head of the Department of Military History. He also holds a degree in political science. Diez retired from active military service in 1998 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Diez has written many books on the history of revolutionary Cuba, some of which have been translated to English, including October 1962: The 'Missile' Crisis As Seen From Cuba, published by Pathfinder Press, New York City, 2002.

text:
# Tomás Diez Acosta

**Tomás Diez Acosta** (born 1946 - died 17 April 2023) was a Cuban revolutionary soldier and a teacher and writer of history.

Tomás Diez Acosta joined Cuba's Revolutionary Armed Forces in 1961. From 1970 to 1986 he taught history at a Military Academy in Cuba, and has been head of the *Department of Military History*. He also holds a degree in political science. Diez retired from active military service in 1998 with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Diez has written many books on the history of revolutionary Cuba, some of which have been translated to English, including *October 1962: The 'Missile' Crisis As Seen From Cuba*, published by Pathfinder Press, New York City, 2002.

## Books

* Diez Acosta, Tomás (2002). *October 1962 : the "missile" crisis as seen from Cuba* (1st ed.). New York: Pathfinder. ISBN 0-87348-956-X.
* Diez Acosta, Tomás (2002). *In the threshold of nuclear war : the 1962 missile crisis*. Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba: Editorial José Martí. ISBN 959-09-0198-0.
* Diez Acosta, Tomás (1997). *La guerra encubierta contra Cuba : documentos desclasificados de la CIA* (in Spanish). La Habana: Ed. Política. ISBN 959-01-0234-4.
* Diez Acosta, Tomás (2003). *Confrontación Estados Unidos — Cuba* (in Spanish). La Habana: Ed. Política. ISBN 959-01-0498-3.
* Diez Acosta, Tomás (2002). *Octubre de 1962 : a un paso de holocausto; una mirada cubana a la crisis de los misiles* (in Spanish). La Habana: Ed. Política. ISBN 959-01-0494-0.


title: Tambopata District

abstract: Tambopata District is one of four districts of the Tambopata Province in the Madre de Dios Region in Peru. The Tambopata National Reserve and the Bahuaja-Sonene National Park are one of the most biodiverse places on earth. Records include over 700 species of birds, 1200 species of butterfly, 90 species of mammals, 120 species of reptiles and amphibians and innumerable species of insect. Over 400 species of birds have been recorded. There are some centres dedicated to the research of eagles, snakes and all the animals that live on the Amazon River.

text:
# Tambopata District

**Tambopata District** is one of four districts of the Tambopata Province in the Madre de Dios Region in Peru.

The Tambopata National Reserve and the Bahuaja-Sonene National Park are one of the most biodiverse places on earth. Records include over 700 species of birds, 1200 species of butterfly, 90 species of mammals, 120 species of reptiles and amphibians and innumerable species of insect. Over 400 species of birds have been recorded.

There are some centres dedicated to the research of eagles, snakes and all the animals that live on the Amazon River.

12°34′36″S 69°11′09″W / 12.5766°S 69.1859°W / -12.5766; -69.1859

## InfoBox

| Tambopata Tampupata | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Madre de Dios |
| Province | Tambopata |
| Founded | December 26, 1912 |
| Capital | Puerto Maldonado |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Luis Alberto Bocangel Ramirez |
| Area | |
| Total | 22,218.6 km2 (8,578.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 186 m (610 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 51,384 |
| Density | 2.3/km2 (6.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 170101 |


title: Laurier Québec

abstract: Laurier Québec is one of Canada's largest shopping malls. It is located in Quebec City, Quebec. Laurier Québec has approximately 215 stores and restaurants and is built on three levels with underground, multilevel, and outdoor parking. Major tenants include Sports Experts/Atmosphere, Best Buy, Toys "R" Us, Marshalls and Walmart. Laurier Québec is home to the biggest Sports Experts store. Other tenants include jewellery, gift, shoe, book, eyeware, music, toy, electronics, clothing, hardware, and pet stores as well as hair and beauty salons. An indoor mall since its opening in 1961, Laurier Québec is the first enclosed shopping centre in the province. The mall had the particularity of having two Dominion supermarkets at the same time in the 1960s and two simultaneous Zellers stores in the 1990s.

text:
# Laurier Québec

**Laurier Québec** (formerly called and still commonly referred to as **Place Laurier**) is one of Canada's largest shopping malls. It is located in Quebec City, Quebec (in what was formerly the city of Sainte-Foy).

Laurier Québec has approximately 215 stores and restaurants and is built on three levels with underground, multilevel, and outdoor parking. Major tenants include Sports Experts/Atmosphere, Best Buy, Toys "R" Us, Marshalls and Walmart. Laurier Québec is home to the biggest Sports Experts store. Other tenants include jewellery, gift, shoe, book, eyeware, music, toy, electronics, clothing, hardware, and pet stores as well as hair and beauty salons.

An indoor mall since its opening in 1961, Laurier Québec is the first enclosed shopping centre in the province. The mall had the particularity of having two Dominion supermarkets at the same time in the 1960s and two simultaneous Zellers stores in the 1990s.

## History

### 1960s

Place Laurier opened on November 11, 1961, as a two-level mall with 50 stores including anchors Pascal's, Syndicat, Kresge's, Towers and Dominion. An office building with eight floors known as Tour Frontenac later inaugurated also in 1961. A Paquet store soon joined the mall as well.

In that same decade, an expansion occurred in the western part of the shopping centre when a new mall wing of three floors was built on Towers' original anchor space. The first floor of this expansion constituted of the relocated Towers store, a second Dominion supermarket, and a Marquis de Montcalm restaurant. The second floor was reserved for a relocated Syndicat, the first level of a new Norman store as well as a branch of the Bank of Montreal. The third floor was mostly for the second level of Norman. In total, 403,000 square feet was added during that western expansion of three floors. In the eastern side of the mall, Pascal's increased its size by 30% by absorbing Paquet's original location. The latter moved in a brand new two-level building of 131,980 square feet in the shopping mall.

### 1970s

An expansion to the north welcomed a two-level Sears store and a new mall section of 48 shops spread on three floors. Sears opened in October 1971 under its then-name of Simpsons-Sears and was its second store in the Quebec City area and its 40th chainwide. The rest of the northern section inaugurated in 1972.

In 1976, Marathon Realty, the real-estate of Canadian Pacific, purchased for $40 million Place Laurier from Les Immeubles Delrano.

### 1980s

Paquet and Syndicat, which were of the same owner, both declared bankruptcy in 1981. A 80,920 square feet single-level Zellers opened in 1982 in one of the two floors of the closed Paquet store. As for Syndicat's vacant space, it was eventually subdivided by anchors Toyville and Wise, a General Motors car dealership and some 10 stores.

Also in 1982, an expansion to the south installed a two-level The Bay store. 65 stores were also added in two new mall wings which both linked The Bay to the existing the shopping centre. One of the new wings is located to the south east of the mall and is single level, while the other wing is slightly to the south west and is spread on two floors. Both aforementioned wings are easily recognizable today in the second and third floors of the shopping mall although The Bay store that was located between them has since closed and its former space is currently sitting vacant. The 1982 expansion brought 130,000 square feet of retail space to The Bay alone and another 129,534 to the other stores.

At this point, Place Laurier had undergone nine expansions between 1961 and 1986.

### 1990s

Zellers converted Bonimart into its nameplate in 1991 resulting in Place Laurier having two department stores with the same name.

In 1994, Marathon sold half of its stake in Place Laurier to OMERS Realty Corp, the real estate investment arm of Ontario's municipal employees' pension fund. The manager of Place Laurier changed to Oxford Properties on October 2, 1996 due to the acquisition of Marathon by Olympiad Acquisitions, a company jointly owned by Oxford and GE Capital.

In the summer of 1996, the Zellers on the east side of the mall closed and was replaced by shops, while the other Zellers store on the west end was enlarged to reach 135,000 square feet. In parallel to this, The Bay expanded by adding more than 25,000 square feet to its store.

### 2000s

Ivanhoe, the real estate arm of the Caisse de depot et placement du Quebec became the manager of Place Laurier in May 2000 and also acquired the 50% stake that was owned by Oxford. Ivanhoe merged in 2001 with Cambridge Shopping Centres to become Ivanhoé Cambridge.

Sears unveiled a new look on October 7, 2004. In addition to the renovation, 8,000 square feet were added to the store which now reached a total of 122,000 square feet.

In April 2007, the shopping centre was renamed from Place Laurier to Laurier Québec.

### 2010s

In June 2010, Ivanhoé Cambridge purchased the 50% interest by OMERS in the property to hold 100% of the ownership.

Another expansion welcomed Best Buy opened in September 2011, the same time as the retailer's other location at Galeries de la Capitale. In the case of the Laurier Québec store, there was an autograph signings by former hockey players Guy Lafleur and Alain Côté as well as a free concert from singer Marie-Mai.

The Zellers store that was left in the mall eventually closed and was converted into a Target Canada on October 18, 2013. Following Target's exit, Walmart Canada acquired the lease and opened its supercenter in 2016.

Marshalls inaugurated on August 25, 2016 in the space vacated by Future Shop.

Sears closed with the rest of the chain on January 14, 2018.

### 2020s

In late 2021, Sports Experts opened in Sears's former space at close 84,000 square foot over two floors making it the largest store of that retail chain. The inauguration was the biggest in terms of traffic and volume in the history of not only Sports Experts but also of Sport Chek.

The two-level 157,000 square foot The Bay store, that was added during the mall's expansion in the early 1980s, is set to close on September 11, 2022. Like most locations of that retailer, the name on its storefront had been modified from The Bay to Hudson's Bay during the 2010s but it still lacked the renovation that another outlet in nearly Galeries de la Capitale had received. The site will be redeveloped to include residential buildings. The shopping centre itself will triple its size from 1.3 to 3.5 million square feet. Ivanhoé Cambridge will join force with the Quebec group Douville, Moffet et Associés which also bought 50% of the shopping center to carry out the project over 10 years.

## Major tenants

## InfoBox

Laurier Québec
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 46°46′12″N 71°17′06″W / 46.77°N 71.285°W / 46.77; -71.285 |
| Address | 2700, boulevard laurier
Quebec City, Quebec
G1V 2L8 |
| Opening date | November 11, 1961 |
| Developer | Immeubles Delrano Inc. |
| Management | JLL |
| Owner | Ivanhoé Cambridge (50%), DMA (50%) |
| No. of stores and services | 217 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 5 |
| Total retail floor area | 1,174,639 sq ft (109,127.5 m2) |
| No. of floors | 3 |
| Website | www.laurierquebec.com/en |
|  | |


title: North Carolina Highway 94

abstract: North Carolina Highway 94 (NC 94) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It runs from Hyde County in Swan Quarter to Chowan County near Edenton.

text:
# North Carolina Highway 94

**North Carolina Highway 94** (**NC 94**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It runs from Hyde County in Swan Quarter to Chowan County near Edenton.

## Route description

The route spans the Albemarle Sound at the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) Albemarle Sound Bridge, connecting Chowan and Washington Counties. It also crosses Lake Mattamuskeet at the Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge. The highway passes through the following municipalities:

## History

NC 94 was established in 1930 as a new primary spur routing from NC 91, in Swindell Fork to Fairfield. In 1931, NC 94 was extended north on new primary routing to NC 90, in Columbia. In 1935, NC 94's southern terminus was rerouted to US 264, in Rose Bay; the reroute was a swap with NC 6. In 1942, NC 94 was rerouted at Fairfield onto new primary routing directly south through Lake Mattamuskeet. The nearly 6-mile (9.7 km) causeway connects directly with US 264 near New Holland; the former alignment that went around the western banks of Lake Mattamuskeet were downgraded to secondary roads (Piney Woods Road (SR 1305) and Turnpike Road (SR 1304)).

In 2000, NC 94 was extended both directions: At Lake Comfort, it goes west on a 7-mile (11 km) concurrency with US 264 to Swan Quarter, where it then splits off onto Main Street and continues till it reaches NC 45, its current southern terminus. At Columbia, NC 94 goes west on a 17-mile (27 km) concurrency with US 64 near Pea Ridge, where it then switches concurrences with NC 32. Traveling north, it crosses over the Albemarle Sound, then separates from NC 32 near St. Johns. On Soundside Road, it connects with Northeastern Regional Airport before reconnecting with NC 32 near Edenton and its current northern terminus. In 2003, US 64 was rerouted onto new primary routing through Washington County and part of Tyrrell County, leaving NC 94 continuing along its former alignment.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hyde | Swan Quarter | 0.0 | 0.0 | NC 45 (Oyster Creek Street / Main Street) | Southern terminus |
| | | 1.5 | 2.4 |
US 264 west Belhaven | West end of US 264 overlap |
| | Lake Comfort | 8.5 | 13.7 |
US 264 east Engelhard | East end of US 264 overlap |
| Tyrrell | Columbia | 43.5 | 70.0 |

US 64 east / US 64 Bus. east (Broad Street) Manteo | East end of US 64 overlap; Western terminus of US 64 Bus. |
| |  | 44.6 | 71.8 |
US 64 west Plymouth | West end of US 64 overlap |
| Washington |  | 60.5 | 97.4 |
NC 32 / NC 37 south Roper, Plymouth | South end of NC 32 and NC 37 overlap |
| Albemarle Sound | | 62.6–
66.1 | 100.7–
106.4 | Albemarle Sound Bridge | |
| Chowan |  | 67.4 | 108.5 |
NC 32 (Haughton Road) / NC 37 north Edenton | North end of NC 32 and NC 37 overlap |
| |  | 73.5 | 118.3 | NC 32 (Yeopim Road/Poplar Neck Road) / Hobbs Lane Edenton, Roper | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/North Carolina Highway 94KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| North Carolina Highway 94 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NCDOT | |
| Length | 73.5 mi (118.3 km) |
| Existed | 1930–present |
| Tourist
routes | Alligator River Route
Edenton-Windsor Loop |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | NC 45 in Swan Quarter |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | NC 32 near Edenton |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| Counties | Hyde, Tyrrell, Washington, Chowan |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| NC 93   I-95 | |


title: Macbeth (band)

abstract: Macbeth is an Italian gothic metal band in the international music scene. The group was founded in 1995 by drummer Fabrizio Cislaghi.

text:
# Macbeth (band)

**Macbeth** is an Italian gothic metal band in the international music scene. The group was founded in 1995 by drummer Fabrizio Cislaghi.

## History

Formerly known as Land of Dark Souls, the band was inspired by the combination of gothic imagery and music, and the members have been known for contrasting dual female/male vocals.

Founded in 1995 by drummer Fabrizio Cislaghi, the group debuted in 1997 releasing *Nocturnal Embrace*, a demo tape in a limited numbered copies.

In 1998, Macbeth signed a recording contract with Dragonheart Records, a division of Audioglobe, and released their first album *Romantic Tragedy's Crescendo*. The album was a success, receiving rave reviews throughout Europe, and was regarded as one of the best symphonic gothic metal albums of the year.

After a promotional tour and a few changes in the line-up, Macbeth entered the studio to record their second work *Vanitas*, which was released in 2001. The album showed a more aggressive approach without losing that trademark melodic side of the band.

A further leap was made with the release of *Malae Artes* in 2005. The third album, recorded by a renewed line-up, was released in Mexico, Russia, Taiwan, Baltic countries and the United States. The promotional tour took the band from Europe to South America and in the major cities of Mexico. In 2006, Macbeth performed in Beirut, headlining the Rock Nation festival. Singer Morena guested on the musical project Rezophonic along with many artists of the Italian rock scene, and worked as host in the *Morning Glory* and *Database* programs on Rock TV channel.

In 2007, the band released *Superangelic Hate Bringers* containing the single "Without You", and the promotional video reaches over 500,000 plays on YouTube. *Superangelic Hate Bringers* was the most direct of Macbeth's album with a truly great production. The British magazine *Classic Rock* published a rave review in December of the same year, which raised interest around the band.

In 2008, Macbeth went to England for a tour for the first time and returned to Belgium for the sixth edition of the Metal Female Voices Fest. The same year the singer Morena participated as a guest at the March Metal Day Festival in Athens. The song "Don't Pretend" from *Superangelic Hate Bringers* was used by Sky Sports throughout the 2008 FIA Formula One World Championship.

While already at work on new album in 2009, the band was forced to take a long break due to personal problems, but the long gestation allowed the group to prepare a new album with superior qualities.

Macbeth had set *Neo-Gothic Propaganda* as the title of their fifth studio album. The new sound combined a wide range of influences and is heavier, dynamic and more melodic. *Neo-Gothic Propaganda* was made up of ten brand new melodic and heavy songs and mixed gothic atmospheres into music that does not fit into any categories. *Neo-Gothic Propaganda* is a manifesto, is a movement, is the soundtrack of contemporary decadence. *Neo-Gothic Propaganda* was released on February 24, 2014. "Scent of Winter" is the first single and video released from the album.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Romantic Tragedy's Crescendo* (1998)
* *Vanitas* (2001)
* *Malae Artes* (2005)
* *Superangelic Hate Bringers* (2007)
* *Neo-Gothic Propaganda* (2014)

### EPs

* *Nocturnal Embrace* (demo) (1997)

## Members

**Current Members**

* Morena Rozzi – female vocals (2000-present)
* Andreas Cislaghi – male vocals (2000-present)
* Fabrizio Cislaghi – drums, backing vocals (1996-present)
* Max Montagano – lead guitar (2002-present)
* Marco "Sem" Semenza – bass guitar (2000-present)

**Previous Members**

* Vittorio – male vocals (1995–1998)
* Alex – lead guitar (1995-2001)
* Fabio – bass guitar (1995-1996)
* Monica – keyboards (1995-1996)
* Cristina – female vocals (1996–1998)
* Jessica – female vocals (1999)
* Andrea – piano/keyboards (1996–2003)
* Luca Sassi – rhythm guitar (1995–2005)
* Carlo – keyboards (2003-2006)

## InfoBox

| Macbeth | |
| --- | --- |
| Macbeth in 2007. | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Milan, Italy |
| Genres | Gothic metal |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Labels | Dragonheart Records |
|  | |
| Members | Morena Rozzi
Andreas Cislaghi
Fabrizio Cislaghi
Max Montagano
Marco "Sem" Semenza |
|  | |
| Website | www.macbeth.it |


title: House at 20 Morrison Road

abstract: The House at 20 Morrison Road in Wakefield, Massachusetts is a well-preserved Colonial Revival house. The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house originally had a semicircular portico, a relative rarity in Wakefield. The porch has turned balusters, and the three roof dormers have pedimented gable ends. The house was built about 1890 on land originally part of the large estate of Dr. Charles Jordan, that was developed in the 1880s as Wakefield Park. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# House at 20 Morrison Road

The **House at 20 Morrison Road** in Wakefield, Massachusetts is a well-preserved Colonial Revival house. The 2+12-story wood-frame house originally had a semicircular portico, a relative rarity in Wakefield. The porch has turned balusters, and the three roof dormers have pedimented gable ends. The house was built about 1890 on land originally part of the large estate of Dr. Charles Jordan, that was developed in the 1880s as Wakefield Park.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| House at 20 Morrison Road | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 20 Morrison Rd., Wakefield, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°30′5″N 71°5′25″W / 42.50139°N 71.09028°W / 42.50139; -71.09028 |
| Built | 1890 |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | Wakefield MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 89000724 |
| Added to NRHP | July 06, 1989 |