title: Media in Sarajevo

abstract: Sarajevo is a major media centre in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (www.cra.ba) is responsible for the allocation of broadcasting frequencies in BiH.

text:
# Media in Sarajevo

**Sarajevo** is a major media centre in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (www.cra.ba) is responsible for the allocation of broadcasting frequencies in BiH.

## Radio stations

In Bosnian language, the original word "*Radio*" may be replaced by the words "*Radio stanica*" or "*Radio postaja*". Almost all radio stations use the RDS and the radio program is available on the Internet, social networks and mobile applications.

### Analog radio

|
|  |
**Analog radio stations in Sarajevo area**
| FM MHz | Name | Type | Transmitter | Headquarters | Web | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 87.7 | Nes radio | Private | Hum | Banja Luka | www.nesradio.com |
| 88.2 | Radio Vogošća | Public | Grdonj | Vogošća | www.rtvvogosca.com.ba |  |
| 88.7 | Radio RS | Public | Trebević | Banja Luka | www.rtrs.tv | RTRS |
| 89.5 | Radio Ritam Sarajevo | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radioritam.ba | Ritam Radio |
| 89.9 | Radio ASK | Private | Grdonj | Ilidža | www.radioask.co.ba |  |
| 90.2 | Radio Sarajevo 90,2 | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radiosarajevo.ba |  |
| 90.5 | Radio Mix | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radiomix.ba | RSG Group |
| 90.9 | Antena Sarajevo | Private | Sedrenik | Sarajevo | www.antena.ba | RSG Group |
| 91.5 | Kalman Radio | Private | Sedrenik | Sarajevo | www.kalmanradio.ba |  |
| 92.0 | BN Radio | Private | Trebević | Bijeljina | www.radiobn.net | RTV BN |
| 93.6 | OSM Radio | Private | Trebević | Pale | www.osmtv.com |  |
| 95.7 | Federalni Radio | Public | Hum | Sarajevo | www.federalna.ba | RTVFBiH |
| 96.1 | Radio Mir | Private | Čolina Kapa | Sarajevo | www.radio-medjugorje.com |  |
| 96.5 | Radio BIR | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.bir.ba |  |
| 97.5 | RSG Radio | Private | Sedrenik | Sarajevo | www.radio.rsg.ba | RSG Group |
| 98.1 | Radio HB | Public | Čolina Kapa | Mostar | www.rtv-hb.com | RTVHB |
| 98.7 | Radio M | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radiom.ba |  |
| 99.4 | Radio BM | Private | Grdonj | Zenica | www.bmradio.net |  |
| 99.8 | Radio Studio 99 | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.balkans.aljazeera.net | Al Jazeera Balkans |
| 101.2 | Radio Kameleon | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radiokameleon.ba |  |
| 101.7 | BH Radio 1 | Public | Hum | Sarajevo | www.bhrt.ba | BHRT |
| 102.8 | Radio Bobar | Private | Trebević | Bijeljina | www.radiobobar.com |  |
| 103.3 | Radio Marija | Non-profit | Sedrenik | Sarajevo | www.radiomarija.ba |  |
| 103.7 | BH Radio 1 | Public | Trebević | Sarajevo | www.bhrt.ba | BHRT |
| 104.9 | Radio BA | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radioba.ba |  |
| 105.6 | Radio Istočno Sarajevo | Public | Trebević | Istočno Sarajevo | www.is-radio.com |  |
| 106.2 | Radio Otvorena mreža | Community | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.otvorenamreza.ba |  |
| 106.8 | Radio 8 | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radio8.ba |  |
|

### Digital radio

### Defunct radio

|
|  |
**Defunct radio station in Sarajevo area**
| FM MHz | Name | Type | Transmitter | Headquarters | Web | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 90.5 | Radio Vrhbosna | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.vrhbosna.net | now Radio Mix |
| 95.2 | eFM Radio | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.efm.ba |  |
| 89.5 | Radio Hayat | Private | Grdonj | Sarajevo | www.radioritam.ba\] | now Radio Ritam Sarajevo |
|

## Television

### Analog television

The process of digitization is still going on and it is expected to leave the analog frequency bands in 2016.

|
|  |
**Analog television channels available in the Sarajevo area**
| Name | Type | Founded | Headquarters | Owner | Transmission | Web | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| BHT 1 | Public * | 1961 | Sarajevo | BHRT | Analog TV | www.bhrt.ba | * TV tax |
| FTV | Public * | 2001 | Sarajevo | RTVFBiH | Analog TV | www.federalna.ba | * TV tax |
| RTRS.tv | Public * | 1992 | Banja Luka | RTRS | Analog TV | www.rtrs.tv | * TV tax |
| TVSA | Public | 1998 | Sarajevo | Sarajevo Canton | Analog TV | www.tvsa.ba |  |
| TV Vogošća | Public | 1996 | Vogošća |  | Analog TV | www.rtvvogosca.com.ba |  |
| Hayat | Private | 1992 | Vogošća |  | Analog TV | www.hayat.ba |  |
| OBN | Private | 1996 | Sarajevo |  | Analog TV | www.obn.ba |  |
| Pink BH | Private | 2003 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Analog TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Al Jazeera Balkans | Private | 2011 | Sarajevo | Al Jazeera Media Network | Analog TV | www.balkans.aljazeera.net |  |
| MTV Igman | Private | 2000 | Pazarić |  | Analog TV | www.mtvigman.blogspot.ba |  |
| TV Alfa | Private |  | Sarajevo |  | Analog TV | www.tvalfa.ba |  |
| Behar TV | Private | 2008 | Sarajevo |  | Analog TV | www.behartv.com |  |
| OSM TV | Private | 1993 | Pale |  | Analog TV | www.osmtv.com |  |
| RTV Herceg-Bosne | Public | 1992 | Mostar | RTVHB | Analog TV | www.rtv-hb.com |  |

### Digital television

### Cable television

Major cable television operators in Sarajevo are Telemach, BH Telecom (Moja TV \- IPTV), Logosoft (Super TV \- IPTV) and ASK CATV.

|
|  |
**Cable television channels based in Sarajevo area**
| Name | Type | Founded | Headquarters | Owner | Transmission | Web | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hayat Plus | Private | 2003 | Vogošća | Hayat | Cable TV | www.hayat.ba |  |
| O Kanal | Private | 2010 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.new.okanal.ba |  |
| Hema TV | Private | 2008 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.hematv.ba |  |
| Hayat Music | Private | 2012 | Vogošća | Hayat | Cable TV | www.hayat.ba |  |
| Hayat Folk | Private | 2012 | Vogošća | Hayat | Cable TV | www.hayat.ba |  |
| Face TV | Private | 2013 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.facetv.ba |  |
| Cinema TV | Private | 2013 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.facebook.com/cinematv.bh |  |
| Hayatovci | Private | 2014 | Vogošća | Hayat | Cable TV | www.hayat.ba |  |
| Pink 2 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink 3 Info | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Action | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Bravo Music | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Classic | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Comedy | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Crime & Mystery | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 1 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 2 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 3 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 4 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 5 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 6 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 7 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Erotic 8 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Extra | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Family | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Fashion | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Fight Network | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Film | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Folk | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Folk 2 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Hits 1 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Hits 2 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Horor | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Kids | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Koncert | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Kuvar | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Life Style | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Movies | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Music | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Music 2 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Music 3 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Music 4 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Music 5 | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink n Roll | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Parada | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Pedia | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Plus | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Premium | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Reality | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Romance | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Sci Fi & Fantasy | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Serije | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Show | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Soap | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Super Kids | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Thriller | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Western | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink World | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink World Cinema | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| Pink Zabava | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | Pink Media Group | Cable TV | www.pink.co.ba |  |
| N1 BiH | Private | 2014 | Sarajevo | United Media | Cable TV | www.ba.n1info.com |  |
| OBN+ | Private | 2015 | Sarajevo | Televizija OBN | Cable TV | www.obn.ba |  |
| Hema HD | Private | 2015 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.hematv.ba |  |
| M1 FILM | Private | 2015 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.m1film.hr |  |
| M1 GOLD | Private | 2015 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.m1film.hr |  |
| Bosnia Media TV | Private | 2016 | Sarajevo |  | Cable TV | www.balkanmedia.ba |  |

## Print

The complete list of magazines and newspapers is available at the website Press Council of BiH (www.vzs.ba).

|
|  |
**Publications based in Sarajevo, BiH**
| Name | Type | Founded | Headquarters | Owner / Publisher | Frequency | Web | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Oslobođenje* | Private | 30 August 1943 | Sarajevo
*Džemala Bijedića 185
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Oslobođenje d.o.o. | Daily | www.oslobodjenje.ba | *Oslobođenje* (English: *Liberation*) was founded in Donja Trnova near Ugljevik, as an anti-nazi newspaper. |
| *Dnevni Avaz* | Private | 2 October 1993 | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Daily | www.avaz.ba | *Dnevni Avaz* (English: *Daily voice*) evolved from a monthly publication *Bošnjački Avaz*. *Avaz* is part of the Avaz publishing house, the biggest news house in Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
| *Faktor* | Private | 12 November 2015 | Sarajevo
*Fra Anđela Zvizdovića 1 UNITIC Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Simurg Media d.o.o. | Daily | www.faktor.ba | With the slogan  *Factor - the newspaper you want* \- *Faktor* (English: *Factor*) emerged from its own web portal. The company  *Simurg media* also issues a political magazine called Stav. |
| *Službeni List Bosne i Hercegovine* | Government gazette | 20 June 1945 | Sarajevo
*Džemala Bijedića 39/III
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Javno preduzeće Novinsko-izdavačka organizacija SLUŽBENI LIST BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE. |  | www.sluzbenilist.ba |  |
| *Magazin Dani* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Džemala Bijedića 185
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Oslobođenje d.o.o. | Weekly (Fridays) | www.bhdani.ba | (English: *Days*) - political news magazine also known as *BH Dani* |
| *Magazin Start* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*La Benevolencije 6
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* |  | Monthly | www.startbih.info | Political news magazine. |
| *Preporod* | Private | 15 June 1970 | Sarajevo
*Gazi Husrev-begova
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* |  | Weekly | www.preporod.com | (English: *Revival*) - Islamic informative newspapers |
| *Magazin Stav* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Fra Anđela Zvizdovića 1 UNITIC Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Simurg Media d.o.o. | Weekly | www.faktor.ba | (English: *Attitude*) - political magazine |
| *Sport Avaz* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Weekly (Tuesdays and Fridays) | www.sportavaz.ba | Sports magazine known as *Sport Avazov* |
| *Azra Magazin* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Weekly (Wednesdays) | www.azramag.ba | Women's magazine. |
| *Express Magazin* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Weekly (Thursdays) | www.expressmag.ba | Show biz tabloid. |
| *Magazin Bebe&Mame* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Monthly | www.bebeimame.ba | The first Bosnian educational magazine for parents. |
| *Azra Family* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Monthly | www.azramag.ba | Magazine for the whole family. |
| *Magzin Gracija* | Private | 2005 | Sarajevo
*Skenderpašina 4*
71000 Sarajevo, BiH | GRACIJA-PRESS d.o.o. | Monthly | www.gracija.ba | The first BH magazine for the modern woman. |
| *Srce i šećer* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Tešanjska 24b Avaz Twist Tower
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | AVAZ ROTO PRESS d.o.o. | Monthly | www.azramag.ba | Magazine for the whole family. |
| *Maxi Magazin* | Private | 2002 | Sarajevo
*Titova 30
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | MAXI PRESS | Monthly | www.maxistars.ba | Magazine with the latest social, fashion, music, film sports events. |

## News agencies

|
|  |
**News agencies based in Sarajevo, BiH**
| Name | Type | Founded | Headquarters | Owner | Web | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *FENA* | Public |  | Sarajevo
*Ćemaluša 1
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | www.fena.ba
www.fena.co.ba | *Federalna novinska agencija*; FENA
(English: *Federal News Agency* ) |
| *ONASA* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Zmaja od Bosne 4
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | ONASA | www.onasa.com.ba | *Nezavisna novinska agencija iz Sarajeva - ONASA*;
(English: *Independent news agency from Sarajevo - ONASA*) |
| *MINA* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Zelenih beretki 17
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina | www.rijaset.ba | *Muslimanska informativna novinska agencija*; MINA
(English: *Muslim informative news agency*) |
| *KTA BK BiH* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Kaptol 32
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Bishops' Conference of Bosnia and Herzegovina | www.ktabkbih.net | *Katolička tiskovna agencija Biskupske konferencije Bosne i Hercegovine*;
(English: *Catholic news agency of the Bishops' Conference of Bosnia and Herzegovina*) |
| *AA* | Public |  | Sarajevo
*Zelenih beretki 17
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | Anadolu Agency BiH | www.aa.com.tr/ba | *Agencija Anadolija*; AA BiH |
| *NAP* | Private |  | Sarajevo
*Zmaja od Bosne 16
71000 Sarajevo, BiH* | NAP | www.nap.ba | *Bh. novinska agencija Patria*; Patria
(English: *Bh. News agency Patria*) |
|


title: Media in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

abstract: This is a list of media in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. For stations licensed to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, see that city's article.

text:
# Media in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

This is a list of **media in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario**, Canada. For stations licensed to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, see that city's article.

## Web

Online news sites such as SooToday.com, HockeyNewsNorth.com, SaultOnline.com and SaultSports.com have emerged in recent years, due in large part to news cutbacks at CTV Northern Ontario and the *Sault Star.*

## Radio

The first radio station in Sault Ste. Marie was CJIC which signed on in 1934. It became CFYN in 1977 when the assets of the station were sold to Gilder Broadcasting. CKCY became the Canadian Sault's second radio station, signing on in 1955. Both AM stations shut down in 1992 as part of one of Canada's first local management agreements, entered into by Pelmorex Radio Network, the managing partner in this case, and Telemedia. The market's first FM station was CJIC in 1964, which later became CHAS in 1992. That same year, country station CJQM launched as CHAS' sister station, with both continuing to broadcast to the region. Two different tourist information stations have aired to this market, though neither currently air.

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has aired CBC Radio One and Ici Radio-Canada Première to the Sault Ste. Marie market on CBSM-FM and CBON-18 since 1981 and 1982 respectively, while Sault Ste. Marie has had two Christian stations (CHIM-6 from 2001 to 2012 and CJTK-8 since September 2017.) Aside from the Timmins-based CHIM, all are repeated from Sudbury stations.

Sault Ste. Marie hosts one active internet radio station, The Borderline, which airs programming and music primarily devoted to regional musicians. Sault Ste. Marie was also the originating location of the internet rock radio station Energy Rock Radio before it relocated to British Columbia in 2011. In 2014, Village Media launched its own network of six internet radio stations dedicated to Sault Ste. Marie under the banner of VM Radio, though it ceased operations by 2017.

Although Sault Ste. Marie is the second largest city in Northeastern Ontario, it has fewer of its own radio stations than the smaller North Bay or Timmins markets do, because of its location within the broadcast range of the Sault Ste. Marie and Newberry, Michigan radio market. However, many of these Michigan stations broadcast content and advertising geared toward listeners in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, which is by far the largest city in their broadcast range.

| Frequency | Call sign | Branding | Format | Owner | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FM 88.1 | CBON-FM-18 | Ici Radio-Canada Première | news/talk | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | French; repeats CBON-FM, Sudbury |
| FM 89.5 | CBSM-FM | CBC Radio One | news/talk | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | Repeats CBCS-FM, Sudbury |
| FM 100.5 | CHAS-FM | Kiss 100.5 | hot adult contemporary | Rogers Media |  |
| FM 104.3 | CJQM-FM | Country 104.3 | country music | Rogers Media |  |
| FM 106.5 | CJTK-FM-8 | KFM | Christian | Harvest Ministries Sudbury | Repeats CJTK-FM, Sudbury |

### Defunct radio stations

## Television

Sault Ste. Marie is home to one television station which is locally licensed, CHBX-TV. However, that station effectively acts as a satellite of Sudbury's CICI-TV as part of the CTV Northern Ontario system — the station's only direct local production consists of news reports which air as part of regional newscasts produced at the Sudbury station. The city formerly also had its own CBC Television affiliate, CJIC-TV, and a TVO transmitter at CICO-TV-20. However, CJIC-TV was acquired directly by the CBC in 2002, and became a straight analogue rebroadcaster of CBLT-DT from Toronto; the repeater for both CJIC-TV and CICO-TV-20 would close down on July 31, 2012, due to budget cuts. Sault Ste. Marie is not designated as a mandatory market for digital television conversion.

Sault Ste. Marie also easily receives American network affiliates over the air from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, all of which are rebroadcasters of downstate stations from Traverse City or Cadillac. These include the region's ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC affiliates, plus the specialty subchannels Comet, MeTV, Laff, QVC, and HSN. The religious Three Angels Broadcasting Network is also available over the air from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan with more powerful or amplified digital antennas.

| OTA channel | OTA virtual channel (PSIP) | Shaw Cable | Call sign | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 (VHF) |  | 11 | CHBX-TV | CTV | De facto rebroadcaster of CICI-TV (Sudbury) |
| 15 (UHF) | 12.1 | 3 | CIII-DT-12 | Global | Rebroadcaster of CIII-DT-41 (Toronto) |
| 38 (UHF) |  | 8 | CHCH-TV-5 | Independent | Rebroadcaster of CHCH-DT (Hamilton) |

### Cable

The cable provider in Sault Ste. Marie is Shaw Cable, which broadcasts CHBX, CIII, and CHCH on basic cable packages in the area, as well as Shaw's own local access channel Shaw Spotlight, which features local programming, news reports, city council meetings and many live Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds games.

Shaw Cable no longer carries any of the local American network feeds, opting instead for satellite delivery (via Shaw Broadcast Services) of network affiliates from Detroit, save for WUHF, the FOX affiliate in Rochester, New York. Prior to the early 2000s, Shaw carried local channels WWUP (CBS) and WTOM (NBC), with ABC programs fed from Flint (WJRT-TV) and PBS programming from Marquette (WNMU).

## Print

Other media include the daily broadsheet *Sault Star* (founded 1912) and weekly tabloid *Sault This Week* (founded in 1967) and both owned by Postmedia Network).


title: Tinga Seisay

abstract: Samuel Tinga Khendekha Seisay was a Sierra Leonean diplomat and pro-democracy activist.

text:
# Tinga Seisay

**Samuel Tinga Khendekha Seisay** (22 August 1928 – 4 February 2015) was a Sierra Leonean diplomat and pro-democracy activist.

## Early life

Born to a prominent political family, Seisay was educated at St. Edward's Secondary School. After graduating from the Police Training School at Hastings, he began his career as a law enforcement officer.

After several years with the Sierra Leone Police Force, Seisay traveled to Europe to continue his studies where he studied engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. While he was a student, Seisay had a life-changing meeting with Martin Luther King Jr. in Stockholm, which deepened his interest in nonviolent activism.

Seisay earned a master's degree in political science at Long Island University. He is a Ph.D. candidate at The New School in New York City.

## Diplomatic career

In 1967, Seisay founded the Sierra Leone Ex-Police Officers Association.

He was elected as their representative to the Civilian Rule Committee, that was going to restore civilian rule in Sierra after the military government of Andrew Juxon-Smith. In 1968, Juxon Smith's government was overthrown in the Sergeants' Coup. Seisay was then appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Sierra Leonean Police Force by the ruling junta. Seisay proved to be most efficient in this post, especially considering the difficult political climate, and skillfully helped manage the transition.

Seisay was initially tapped to serve as Sierra Leone's Ambassador to Egypt but was instead appointed Consul General to the United States. He was stationed in New York where he served for six years. He worked to secure educational scholarships for Sierra Leonean students in various fields, primarily education.

Under his leadership, the Sierra Leone Consulate became financially self-sufficient. Seisay also served as Dean of the Consular Corps.

He sat on the Fifth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly for several years.

## Fight for democracy

After Steven's state was declared a one-party state, Seisay's cousin John Amadu Bangura staged an unsuccessful military coup. Bangura was later executed for treason. Seisay became an opponent of the Stevens government. He left his post as Consul General and began to protest the decline of democracy in Sierra Leone. He publicly criticized Stevens' regime in *The New York Times*.

## Political exile

In 1974, Seisay went into self-imposed political exile. Among his allies were his older brother Solomon G. Seisay, director of prisons, and former Prime Minister Albert Margai until Margai's death in 1980. Seisay aided Sierra Leoneans who fled from persecution to get political asylum in the United States. In 1987, Seisay's political exile ended when Joseph Saidu Momoh became president of Sierra Leone.

## Later career and private life

Seisay became an executive in the private sector. Based in the United States, he continued to work internationally and remained devoted to the cause of re-establishing democracy in Sierra Leone. In the early 1960s, he married a member of the Swedish aristocracy and they raised their family in Westchester County, New York.

He has lectured at several universities, including Dartmouth, and published a number of articles and op-eds most notably in West Africa and Christian Science Monitor.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableTinga Seisay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sierra Leone Consul General
to the United States | |
| **In office**
1968–1974 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Siaka Probyn Stevens |
| Vice PM | Sorie Ibrahim Koroma |
| Preceded by | David Lansana |
| Succeeded by | C.O. Bright |
| Deputy Commissioner
Sierra Leone Police Force | |
| **In office**
1967–1968 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| President | Siaka Probyn Stevens |
| Vice President | Sorie Ibrahim Koroma |
| Succeeded by | James Bambay Kamara |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Tinga Khendhaka Seisay
August 22, 1928
Mokorewoh, Moyamba, British Sierra Leone |
| Died | February 4, 2015(2015-02-04) (aged 86)
Freetown, Sierra Leone |
| Resting place | Freetown, Sierra Leone |
| Relatives | Solomon G. Seisay
John Amadu Bangura
Ella Koblo Gulama
Hindolo Trye |
| Education | St. Edward's Secondary School
Police Training School |
| Alma mater | Royal Institute of Technology B.A.
Long Island University M.Sc. |
| Occupation | Civil Engineer |
| Profession | Diplomat |
| Committees | United Nations General Assembly |
|  | |


title: Tim Gautreaux

abstract: Timothy Martin Gautreaux is an American novelist and short story writer. His writing has appeared in The New Yorker, Best American Short Stories, The Atlantic, Harper's, and GQ. His novel The Next Step in the Dance won the 1999 SEBA Book Award. His novel The Clearing won the 1999 Southern Independent Booksellers Alliance SIBA Book Award and the 2003 Mid-South Independent Booksellers Association Award. He also won the 2005 John Dos Passos Prize. Gautreaux also authored Same Place, Same Things and Welding with Children – collections of short stories. His 2009 novel The Missing was described as his "best yet" by New Orleans Times-Picayune book editor Susan Larson in a featured article. Gautreaux notes that his family's blue-collar background has been a significant influence on his writing. His father was a tugboat captain, and his grandfather was a steamboat engineer. Given those influences, he says, "I pride myself in writing a 'broad-spectrum' fiction, fiction that appeals to both intellectuals and blue-collar types. Many times I've heard stories of people who don't read short stories, or people who have technical jobs, who like my fiction." Gautreaux also tends to write from experience or what he knows. He argues an author should have a good understanding or background history over what he intends to write about, "just learned along the way that writing comes from living. Living doesn't come from writing. The best way to learn how to write about children is to have a couple of your own. You have to go through the struggle of raising them." In addition, Gautreaux has made clear that he is not interested in being classified as a "Southern writer," preferring instead to say that he is a "writer who happens to live in the South." He is much more comfortable embracing his Roman Catholicism, saying, "I've always been a Roman Catholic, since baptism, since birth." Gautreaux is married to Winborne Howell Gautreaux; the couple has two grown sons – Robert Timothy Gautreaux and Thomas Martin Gautreaux. They live in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

text:
# Tim Gautreaux

**Timothy Martin Gautreaux** (born 1947 in Morgan City, Louisiana) is an American novelist and short story writer.

His writing has appeared in *The New Yorker*, *Best American Short Stories*, *The Atlantic*, *Harper's*, and *GQ*. His novel *The Next Step in the Dance* won the 1999 SEBA Book Award. His novel *The Clearing* won the 1999 Southern Independent Booksellers Alliance SIBA Book Award and the 2003 Mid-South Independent Booksellers Association Award. He also won the 2005 John Dos Passos Prize.

Gautreaux also authored *Same Place, Same Things* and *Welding with Children* – collections of short stories. His 2009 novel *The Missing* was described as his "best yet" by New Orleans *Times-Picayune* book editor Susan Larson in a featured article.

Gautreaux notes that his family's blue-collar background has been a significant influence on his writing. His father was a tugboat captain, and his grandfather was a steamboat engineer. Given those influences, he says, "I pride myself in writing a 'broad-spectrum' fiction, fiction that appeals to both intellectuals and blue-collar types. Many times I've heard stories of people who don't read short stories, or people who have technical jobs, who like my fiction."

Gautreaux also tends to write from experience or what he knows. He argues an author should have a good understanding or background history over what he intends to write about, "just learned along the way that writing comes from living. Living doesn't come from writing. The best way to learn how to write about children is to have a couple of your own. You have to go through the struggle of raising them."

In addition, Gautreaux has made clear that he is not interested in being classified as a "Southern writer," preferring instead to say that he is a "writer who happens to live in the South." He is much more comfortable embracing his Roman Catholicism, saying, "I've always been a Roman Catholic, since baptism, since birth."

Gautreaux is married to Winborne Howell Gautreaux; the couple has two grown sons  Robert Timothy Gautreaux and Thomas Martin Gautreaux. They live in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

## Suggested reading

## InfoBox

| Tim Gautreaux | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Timothy Martin Gautreaux
1947 (age 7677)
Morgan City, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Occupation | * Novelist * short story writer |
| Notable awards | SIBA Book Prize (1999)
Dos Passos Prize (2005) |
| Spouse | Winborne Howell Gautreaux |
| Children | 2 |


title: Tim Gee

abstract: Tim Gee is the general secretary of Friends World Committee for Consultation, the international organisation of Quakers worldwide. He is also a writer and faith-based activist in the United Kingdom, who popularised the concept of counterpower, and has written about pacifism and the Occupy movement.

text:
# Tim Gee

**Tim Gee** is the general secretary of Friends World Committee for Consultation, the international organisation of Quakers worldwide. He is also a writer and faith-based activist in the United Kingdom, who popularised the concept of counterpower, and has written about pacifism and the Occupy movement.

## Personal life

### Early life

Gee was born in Stockport, United Kingdom in the mid-1980s.

### Education

Gee attended Aquinas College, Stockport, a Roman Catholic sixth form college in Stockport, United Kingdom. During this time he was actively involved in the campaign against the Iraq War.

He went on to study politics at the University of Edinburgh where he graduated with an MA degree in 2009 While at the university he was a part of its People and Planet group, promoting Fairtrade, and was elected the Vice President (Services) of the Edinburgh University Students Association. In 2005 he was elected to the Board of Directors of NUS Services Ltd.

## Writing career

Gee's first book, *Counterpower: Making Change Happen* was published in 2011, in which he puts forward a theory of how governments and elite groups exercise power, and argues that others can use *counterpower* to counter this. He puts forward a model in which this *counterpower* is splits into three categories: *idea counterpower*, *economic counterpower*, and *physical counterpower*. *Counterpower* was shortlisted for the Bread and Roses Award in 2012.

His second book, *You Can't Evict an Idea: What Can We Learn From Occupy?* was published in 2013 as an e-book and in physical form.

His third book is *Why I am a Pacifist*, published by the Christian Alternative imprint from John Hunt publishers.

Gee has also published in the New Internationalist, Scottish Left Review and writes a blog for The Guardian

Gee was amongst a group of prominent authors and writers who campaigned against a ban on sending books to prisoners in the United Kingdom

Gee documented the buildup to the eviction of the Calais Jungle refugee camp in 2016 for The Tablet, as the Writer in Residence at the Maria Skobtsova Catholic Worker House.

## Political experience

### Student politics

Gee was the Vice President Services (VPS) of Edinburgh University Students Association. He sat on the board of the National Union of Students' commercial arm, NUSSL. He seconded a motion for the University of Edinburgh to revoke the honorary degree it had bestowed on Robert Mugabe, and was involved in the campaign for the University to become a Fairtrade University.

### Superglue Three

In 2010, Gee was part of a group, dubbed **The Superglue Three**, accused of committing a breach of the peace at a branch of the Royal Bank of Scotland in Edinburgh by gluing themselves to each other and the entrance door of the premises. Gee was admonished of a breach of the peace, with no financial penalty

In a statement originally published in The Scotsman, Gee linked his action with the Royal Bank of Scotland's financing of tar sands extraction in Alberta, Canada, and stated that as 84% of the Royal Bank of Scotland was at that time publicly owned, UK tax payers should have a say in what projects are funded. Responding to this, Andrew Cave, Head of Group Sustainability at the Royal Bank of Scotland, said that he and Gee agreed on a number of points, including that the Royal Bank of Scotland needs to be more accountable and that society should transition to a low-carbon economy: however he said they disagreed on how this should happen.

### Bond (British Overseas NGOs for Development)

Gee worked for Bond (for international development) as Campaigns Communications Officer, co-ordinating the 2009 Put People First campaign and 2008 Stand Up and Take Action against Poverty and Inequality campaign.

### Faith-based campaigning on climate action

In 2015, moving from political campaigning to faith-based activism, Gee was the Campaign Strategy Lead at the UK Christian development organisation, Christian Aid, where he was part of the faith-based organising team working together with Muslims and Jews for action on climate change.

In 2016, Gee led the Big Church Switch, encouraging British churches to switch to a renewable energy provider.

## Religious views

Gee is a Quaker, and in 2011 appeared on a poster advertising the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Britain. Gee delivered prepared ministry on the subject of "movement building" to Britain Yearly Meeting, the national annual meeting of Quakers in Britain, in 2016. Gee built on this further when he was invited by the *George Gorman Memorial Fund* to deliver the *George Gorman Lecture* at Britain Yearly Meeting in 2017, exploring themes of power, diversity, and the spiritual root of political action within the Religious Society of Friends. He has been involved in promoting Britain Yearly Meeting's *Sanctuary Everywhere* programme in response to forced migration.

## Bibliography

### Books

Gee, T (2011) *Counterpower: making change happen* New Internationalist Publishing: Oxford, UK

Gee, T (2013) *You can't evict an idea: What can we learn from Occupy?* Housmans: London, UK

Gee, T (2019) *Why I am a Pacifist: A call for a more nonviolent world. John Hunt*: London, UK

Gee, T (2022) "Open for Liberation - an activist reads the bible"

### Chapters

Gee, T (2012) The children of the children of the revolution. In: Coatman, C. & Shrubsole, G. \[Ed\] *Regeneration* Lawrence & Wisehart: London, UK 109-116

### Articles

Gee, T (2008) Is Poverty History Yet? *Scottish Left Review* (47) 20-21

Gee, T (2008) Will Red and Green Ever be Seen? *Scottish Left Review* (46) 18-19

Gee, T (2013) You cannot be free if you are poor *Peace News* (2562)

Gee, T (2013) The battle for Mandela's legacy is only beginning *The Independent* 3 July 2013

Gee, T (2014) Yasuni: a cautionary tale *New Internationalist* (471) 38-40

### Film

Tim produced the film "Marikana's Precious Metal", a 2018 film marking the sixth anniversary of the South African Marikana massacre, when striking mine workers were fired on by security forces. Seventeen workers died.

## InfoBox

| Tim Gee | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Stockport, United Kingdom |
| Education | University of Edinburgh |


title: Friskies PetCare Company

abstract: Friskies PetCare Company was a division of Nestlé founded in 1985 that produced pet food. In 2001, it merged with Ralston Purina and became Nestlé Purina PetCare after Nestlé acquired all the outstanding shares of Ralston Purina.

text:
# Friskies PetCare Company

**Friskies PetCare Company** was a division of Nestlé founded in 1985 that produced pet food. In 2001, it merged with Ralston Purina and became Nestlé Purina PetCare after Nestlé acquired all the outstanding shares of Ralston Purina.

## Brands

* Fancy Feast – gourmet cat food (introduced 1985)
* Friskies – dry and wet cat food plus treats (introduced 1985)
* Mighty Dog – dog food (introduced 1985)
* Alpo – dog food (introduced 1994)

1. (2000–06) "Friskies and PetFoodDirect.com Join Forces to Create First "Store Within A Store'," *Market Wire*. Retrieved from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi\_pwwi/is\_200006/ai\_mark02011142 on 2007-03-20.

## InfoBox

Friskies PetCare Company
| Industry | Pet food |
| --- | --- |
| Predecessor | Carnation Company |
| Founded | 1985 (1985) |
| Defunct | 2001 (2001) |
| Fate | Acquired by Ralston Purina |
| Successor | Nestlé Purina PetCare |
| Headquarters | United States |
| Products | Fancy Feast, Friskies, Alpo, Mighty Dog |
| Owner | Nestlé |


title: Furman L. Smith

abstract: Furman L. Smith was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

text:
# Furman L. Smith

**Furman L. Smith** (May 11, 1925  June 1, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

## Biography

Smith joined the Army from Central, South Carolina in July 1943, and by May 31, 1944, was serving as a private in the 135th Infantry Regiment, 34th Infantry Division. During a battle on that day, near Lanuvio, Italy, his group came under intense German attack and began to withdraw. Smith voluntarily stayed behind with the wounded and protected them until he was overrun and killed. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later, on January 24, 1945.

Smith, aged 19 at his death, was buried at Pleasant Hill Cemetery in Central, South Carolina.

## Medal of Honor citation

Private Smith's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

> For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. In its attack on a strong point, an infantry company was held up by intense enemy fire. The group to which Pvt. Smith belonged was far in the lead when attacked by a force of 80 Germans. The squad leader and 1 other man were seriously wounded and other members of the group withdrew to the company position, but Pvt. Smith refused to leave his wounded comrades. He placed them in the shelter of shell craters and then alone faced a strong enemy counterattack, temporarily checking it by his accurate rifle fire at close range, killing and wounding many of the foe. Against overwhelming odds, he stood his ground until shot down and killed, rifle in hand.

For more information on his biography, read : http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1756&context=all\_theses

* "Medal of Honor recipients - World War II (M-S)". *Medal of Honor citations*. United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Archived from the original on 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2007-11-01.

## InfoBox

| Furman L. Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1925-05-11)May 11, 1925
Six Mile, South Carolina |
| Died | June 1, 1944(1944-06-01) (aged 19)
near Lanuvio, Italy |
| Place of burial | Pleasant Hill Cemetery in Central, South Carolina |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1943 - 1944 |
| Rank | Private First Class |
| Unit | Company L, 3rd Battalion, 135th Infantry Regiment, 34th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |


title: Furman L. Templeton

abstract: Furman L. Templeton was a campaigner for African American civil rights in Baltimore, Maryland. He served 25 years as the Executive Director of the Baltimore Urban League, 20 years as a member of Selective Service Board 13 in Baltimore, he was the former Vice-chairman of the Baltimore Housing Authority, a member of a Maryland Commission on Interracial Problems and Relations, and he was also a chairman of the Social Education and Action Committee of the Presbytery of Baltimore.

text:
# Furman L. Templeton

**Furman L. Templeton** was a campaigner for African American civil rights in Baltimore, Maryland. He served 25 years as the Executive Director of the Baltimore Urban League, 20 years as a member of Selective Service Board 13 in Baltimore, he was the former Vice-chairman of the Baltimore Housing Authority, a member of a Maryland Commission on Interracial Problems and Relations, and he was also a chairman of the Social Education and Action Committee of the Presbytery of Baltimore.

## Early life

Furman L. Templeton (1909–1970) was born in Hackensack, New Jersey. He earned a bachelor's degree at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and was awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree by Morgan State College in Baltimore.

## Professional life

In his twenty-five year service to the Baltimore Urban League, Furman L. Templeton was awarded and honored with the Good Citizenship of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, the Man of the Year Plaque of the Omega Phi fraternity, the Maryland Negro Achievement Medal, and the Certificate of Merit of the Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Templeton's first position at the Baltimore Urban League was as the Secretary of Industry in 1941, a position the Baltimore Urban League created to increase the number of African Americans working in profitable lines of employment. He was chosen for this position because after he graduated Lincoln University he was the first African American to be appointed an interviewer in the Baltimore office of the state employment service on August 15, 1933 by Oliver C. Short as the white State director. In his first year as the Secretary of Industry in the Baltimore Urban League, Templeton fought for African American painters of Baltimore rights to Union membership. Also that year, Templeton questioned the government purchase of Perryman, Maryland land. This land was going to be used to expand the southwest border of the Aberdeen proving grounds, and was also the home to about 150 families, a third of them were African Americans who were now forced to seek new homes and sell their homes for a quarter of the present purchase price per acre of land, and are buying white homes for more.

Later, when Furman L. Templeton served as the Executive Director for the Baltimore Urban League his focus was on education. He created a program for African Americans to advance their educations as well as provide avenues for job placement. Thanks to his efforts in education and involvement in civil rights causes Furman L. Templeton Elementary School, at 1200 Pennsylvania Ave of Baltimore, Maryland is named in his memory.

## Death

Upon his death on February 12, 1970, Furman L. Templeton left his wife Irene Roye-Templeton and their two sons at their residence on the 1500 block of McCulloh Street. Because Templeton worked hard to create equality for the African Americans in Baltimore he left a lasting impact, and a small legacy in the school that is now his namesake. He also left a grandson, Stefan Templeton, b. 1967. A granddaughter Kimberly STempleton, b.1966 and grandson Evan Seth Templeton b . 1968.


title: Frizzleburg, Pennsylvania

abstract: Frizzleburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 602 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Frizzleburg, Pennsylvania

**Frizzleburg** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 602 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Frizzleburg is located in northwestern Lawrence County at 41°4′40″N 80°27′17″W / 41.07778°N 80.45472°W / 41.07778; -80.45472 (41.0778, -80.4547), in the south-central part of Pulaski Township. It is bordered on the south by Mahoning Township.

U.S. Route 422 (Ben Franklin Parkway) forms the southwestern side of the CDP; it leads southeastward 8 miles (13 km) to New Castle, the Lawrence county seat, and west-northwest 10 miles (16 km) to the center of Youngstown, Ohio. Pennsylvania Route 551 forms the eastern edge of the CDP, leading north 3 miles (5 km) to the village of Pulaski and Interstate 376, and south 4 miles (6 km) to Edinburg and U.S. Route 224.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Frizzleburg CDP has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2), of which 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2), or 0.42%, are water. Most of the community drains north, east, or southeast to the Shenango River, while a small portion on the southwestern side drains to Coffee Run and Marshall Run, tributaries of the Mahoning River. The Shenango and Mahoning rivers join south of New Castle to form the Beaver River, a southward-flowing tributary of the Ohio River.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 442 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Frizzleburg, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| FrizzleburgFrizzleburg | |
| Coordinates: 41°4′40″N 80°27′17″W / 41.07778°N 80.45472°W / 41.07778; -80.45472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Lawrence |
| Township | Pulaski |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.84 sq mi (7.34 km2) |
| Land | 2.82 sq mi (7.31 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,078 ft (329 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 442 |
| Density | 156.52/sq mi (60.43/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (EDT) |
| Area code | 724 |
| FIPS code | 42-28014 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1175282 |


title: Megachasma alisonae

abstract: Megachasma alisonae is an extinct species of megamouth shark that lived during the Eocene. It is the oldest fossil record of a megamouth shark. The type fossil was recovered from the Søvind Marl Formation in Denmark and consists of a single tooth. Based on comparison with the teeth of the recent megamouth species, the length of the animal has been estimated at 1.3–3.5 m (4.3–11.5 ft).

text:
# Megachasma alisonae

***Megachasma alisonae*** is an extinct species of megamouth shark that lived during the Eocene (Priabonian, ca. 36 mya). It is the oldest fossil record of a megamouth shark. The type fossil was recovered from the Søvind Marl Formation in Denmark and consists of a single tooth. Based on comparison with the teeth of the recent megamouth species (*Megachasma pelagios*), the length of the animal has been estimated at 1.3–3.5 m (4.3–11.5 ft).

## Discovery and naming

The holotype and only known specimen of *M. alisonae* is NHMUK PV P73711, an isolated tooth. It is nearly complete and either belonged to the right side of the upper jaw or the left side of the lower jaw. It was discovered on a sea cliff in the Pyt Member of the Søvind Marl Formation in Denmark. The tooth was discovered in a bulk sediment sample from the upper 50 cm (20 in) of the member that was collected in 1988. The species was described by Kenshu Shimada and David J. Ward in 2016. The specific name honors Alison Ward, who aided David J. Ward with the work that resulted in the type specimen's discovery.

## Classification

*M. alisonae* belongs to the same genus as the modern megamouth shark and the extinct species *Megachasma applegatei*. *Megachasma* itself belongs to the family Megachasmidae. Molecular studies have estimated that this family arose in the Upper Cretaceous. Due to a lack of fossil material, it has been hypothesized that the dental changes in this family occurred slowly enough to make their teeth harder to differentiate from other families of sharks early in their evolution. The tooth morphology of *M. alisonae* has a greater resemblance to that of Odontaspididae than seen in the other species of *Megachasma*. This supports the hypothesis that Megachasmidae is closely related to a group of sharks with odontaspidid-like teeth, perhaps the odontaspids themselves. The tooth morphology of *M. alisonae* also provides information needed to identify older megachasmid fossils.

## InfoBox

| *Megachasma alisonae*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Subdivision: | Selachimorpha |
| Order: | Lamniformes |
| Family: | Megachasmidae |
| Genus: | *Megachasma* |
| Species: | ***M. alisonae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachasma alisonae***
Shimada & Ward, 2016 | |
|


title: Mecophilus tupiniquim

abstract: Mecophilus tupiniquim is a species of soil centipede in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This centipede is notable for its small size and modest number of legs. This species is found in Brazil.

text:
# Mecophilus tupiniquim

***Mecophilus tupiniquim*** is a species of soil centipede in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This centipede is notable for its small size (reaching only 7.5 mm in length) and modest number of legs (only 35 pairs). This species is found in Brazil.

## Discovery

This species was first described by the biologists Victor C. Calvanese, Antonio D. Brescovit, and Lucio Bonato in 2019. They based the original description of this species on a female holotype and four male paratypes. Calvanese collected all five specimens from Morro do Cruzeiro in São Roque in the state of São Paulo in Brazil in 2017. The type specimens are deposited in the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, Brazil. The name of this species is an adjective that means "originating in Brazil" in the Tupi-Guarani language.

## Description

This species ranges from 7 mm to 7.5 mm in length and has only 35 pairs of legs in each sex. The antennae do not taper toward the tips, and each of the second maxillae has three articles. Both the cephalic plate (the dorsal side of the head) and the forcipular tergite are shaped like rectangles with rounded corners. The forcipular pretergite (the sclerite anterior to the main tergite of the forcipular segment) is long relative to the cephalic plate.

The distal denticle of the first article of the forcipule is close to the denticle of the second article. The forcipular coxosternite (the sclerite that corresponds to both the sternite of the forcupular segment and the sclerites at the base of the forcipules) and the sternite of the first leg-bearing segment are each longer than wide. Each of the ultimate legs in the male ends with a single tarsal article and no terminal claw or spine, but each of these legs in the female ends with two tarsal articles and a claw.

This species shares a distinctive set of traits with the other two species in the genus *Mecophilus*, *M. carioca* and *M. neotropicus*. For example, all three species feature an elongated first sternite as well as an elongated forcipular pretergite and an elongated forcipular coxosternite. Furthermore, in all three species, there is no terminal claw on the ultimate legs of the male.

The species *M. tupiniquim* may be distinguished from the other two *Mecophilus* species based on the denticle on the ultimate article of the forcipule. In *M. tupiniquim*, this denticle is at the base of the article, whereas in the species *M. neotropicus*, this denticle is in the middle of the article. Furthermore, this denticle is also larger in *M. tupiniquim* than in *M. neotropicus*. In *M. carioca*, this denticle is even smaller and less conspicuous than in *M. neotropicus*. Moreover, the ultimate legs of the female of *M. tupiniquim* features a terminal claw, whereas the female of *M. carioca* does not.

## InfoBox

| *Mecophilus tupiniquim* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Chilopoda |
| Order: | Geophilomorpha |
| Family: | Geophilidae |
| Genus: | *Mecophilus* |
| Species: | ***M. tupiniquim*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecophilus tupiniquim***<br>Calvanese, Brescovit & Bonato, 2019 | |
|


title: Mecopisthes

abstract: Mecopisthes is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1926.

text:
# Mecopisthes

***Mecopisthes*** is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1926.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains eighteen species:

## InfoBox

| *Mecopisthes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | *Mecopisthes*
Simon, 1926 |
|
| Type species | |
| *M. silus*
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) | |
| Species | |
| 18, see text | |


title: Fund for Rural America

abstract: The Fund for Rural America was a fund established by the 1996 farm bill to augment existing resources for agricultural research and rural development through an annual transfer of funds from the U.S. Treasury to USDA. The Fund was notable for being the first time that mandatory money was provided for research programs, which traditionally receive discretionary funds as provided annually by Congressional appropriators. One-third of the fund was designated for competitive agricultural research grants, one-third for rural development projects, and one-third for either research or rural development, at the Secretary's discretion. The 1996 farm bill authorized the U.S. Treasury to transfer $100 million annually to the Fund for 3 years, but a recision reduced that to $80 million. The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L.105-185) extended the authority for the program through FY2003 with an annual transfer to USDA of $60 million. However, the omnibus appropriations law for FY1999 prohibited the expenditure of the $60 million for Fund grants and projects. The fund was repealed in 2002 by the 2002 farm bill.

text:
# Fund for Rural America

The **Fund for Rural America** was a fund established by the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104–127, Sec. 793) to augment existing resources for agricultural research and rural development through an annual transfer of funds from the U.S. Treasury to USDA. The Fund was notable for being the first time that mandatory money (in the form of a mandatory annual transfer to USDA from the U.S. Treasury) was provided for research programs, which traditionally receive discretionary funds as provided annually by Congressional appropriators. One-third of the fund was designated for competitive agricultural research grants, one-third for rural development projects, and one-third for either research or rural development, at the Secretary's discretion.

The 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104–127) authorized the U.S. Treasury to transfer $100 million annually to the Fund for 3 years, but a recision reduced that to $80 million. The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L.105-185) extended the authority for the program through FY2003 with an annual transfer to USDA of $60 million. However, the omnibus appropriations law for FY1999 (P.L. 105–277, October 21, 1998) prohibited the expenditure of the $60 million for Fund grants and projects.

The fund was repealed in 2002 by the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107–172, Sec. 6043).

This article incorporates public domain material from Jasper Womach. *Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition* (PDF). Congressional Research Service.


title: Timocratica palpalis

abstract: Timocratica palpalis is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina.

text:
# Timocratica palpalis

***Timocratica palpalis*** is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Brazil (Espirito Santo, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Bolivia and Argentina.

## Food

The larvae feed on the bark of

## InfoBox

| *Timocratica palpalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Timocratica* |
| Species: | ***T. palpalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timocratica palpalis***<br>(Zeller, 1877) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cryptolechia* (*Cryptolechia*) *palpalis* Zeller, 1877 * *Stenoma auxoleuca* Meyrick, 1925 * *Timocratica haywardi* Busck, 1938 | |


title: Timocratica monotonia

abstract: Timocratica monotonia is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Embrik Strand in 1911. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas), Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The wingspan is 45–56 mm. The forewings are fuscous irrorated grey whitish and with the costal edge bright orange to near the apex. There are three very indistinct brownish oblique lines from just beneath the costa, but not reaching the dorsum, the third directed towards the termen below the middle. The hindwings are ochreous yellowish, towards the base and dorsum deeper yellow.

text:
# Timocratica monotonia

***Timocratica monotonia*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Embrik Strand in 1911. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas), Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

The wingspan is 45–56 mm. The forewings are fuscous irrorated grey whitish and with the costal edge bright orange to near the apex. There are three very indistinct brownish oblique lines from just beneath the costa, but not reaching the dorsum, the third directed towards the termen below the middle. The hindwings are ochreous yellowish, towards the base and dorsum deeper yellow.

## InfoBox

| *Timocratica monotonia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Timocratica* |
| Species: | ***T. monotonia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timocratica monotonia***<br>(Strand, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cryptolechia monotonia* Strand, 1911 * *Timocratica isographa* Meyrick, 1912 * *Timocratica claudescens* Meyrick, 1925 * *Timocratica crassa* Meyrick, 1925 | |


title: Timocratica megaleuca

abstract: Timocratica megaleuca is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Colombia. The wingspan is about 54 mm. The forewings and hindwings are white. The forewings beneath are suffused with ochreous yellowish except towards the dorsum and termen.

text:
# Timocratica megaleuca

***Timocratica megaleuca*** is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Colombia.

The wingspan is about 54 mm. The forewings and hindwings are white. The forewings beneath are suffused with ochreous yellowish except towards the dorsum and termen.

## InfoBox

| *Timocratica megaleuca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Timocratica* |
| Species: | ***T. megaleuca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Timocratica megaleuca***<br>(Meyrick, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stenoma megaleuca* Meyrick, 1912 | |


title: Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam

abstract: Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam is an earthfill dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 5.7 km⁲. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 1128 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1973 and completed in 1985.

text:
# Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam

**Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam** is an earthfill dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 5.7 km2. The dam impounds about 9 ha of land when full and can store 1128 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1973 and completed in 1985.

## InfoBox

| Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Fuwa-hokubu Bosai Dam in Japan | |
| Location | Gifu Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°23′51″N 136°29′22″E / 35.39750°N 136.48944°E / 35.39750; 136.48944 |
| Construction began | 1973 |
| Opening date | 1985 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Height | 42.5m |
| Length | 142m |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 1128 thousand cubic meters |
| Catchment area | 5.7 sq. km |
| Surface area | 9 hectares |


title: Time's Orphan

abstract: "Time's Orphan" is the 148th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the 24th episode of the sixth season. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy. In this episode, young Molly O'Brien falls into an alien time portal and is rescued ten years older as a feral 18-year-old. Michelle Krusiec guest stars as time-portal Molly. Aired on television the week of May 18, 1998, it received Nielsen ratings of 4.6 points corresponding to about 4.5 million viewers.

text:
# Time's Orphan

"**Time's Orphan**" is the 148th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine*, the 24th episode of the sixth season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on *Deep Space Nine*, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy. In this episode, young Molly O'Brien (Hana Hatae) falls into an alien time portal and is rescued ten years older as a feral 18-year-old. Michelle Krusiec guest stars as time-portal Molly.

Aired on television the week of May 18, 1998, it received Nielsen ratings of 4.6 points corresponding to about 4.5 million viewers.

## Plot

Miles and Keiko O'Brien (Colm Meaney and Rosalind Chao) take their children to the planet Golana for a picnic. While playing, eight-year-old Molly (Hana Hatae) falls into an abandoned time portal, which closes after Molly passes through. It sends her 300 years into the past, to a time when the planet was uninhabited. The crew of Deep Space Nine helps the O'Briens recover Molly, using transporter technology to lock onto her signal once they are able to open the portal again. However, they find the portal has opened at a different time, and the Molly they rescue is now 18 years old and feral after having survived on her own for ten years in the planet's past. Molly is brought back to the station, and placed in a special habitat made to resemble the planet, to allow the O'Briens to try to reconnect with their daughter.

Molly slowly comes to remember her parents, but still is barely controllable and confined to the boundaries of the habitat. She asks her parents to take her "home", but when they bring her back to their apartment she makes it clear that she means she wants to be returned to Golana. Her parents take her to a simulation of Golana in a holosuite, to which she responds positively; but when the simulation is deactivated, Molly becomes violent. Starfleet informs the O'Briens that it plans to put Molly into a mental institution, a situation that neither Miles nor Keiko believes is ideal for Molly. With help from a sympathetic Odo (René Auberjonois), Miles and Keiko return Molly to the portal on Golana, with the intention of destroying it to prevent Starfleet from finding her. After Miles and Keiko say their goodbyes, Molly returns through the portal but encounters her younger self, only a short time after she had fallen through. The older Molly points her younger self back through the portal; as soon as the younger Molly passes through, the older Molly disappears. Molly reappears moments before Miles is about to destroy the portal, and the family happily reunites.

In a side plot, Jadzia Dax (Terry Farrell) offers to look after Molly's one-year-old brother Yoshi; her husband Worf (Michael Dorn) volunteers to care for the child, hoping to prove his parenting skills to Dax. When Yoshi bumps his head, Worf condemns himself as an unfit parent, but he is mollified when Dax tells him that the O'Briens said that Yoshi has bumped his head many times before and later tells him that Yoshi has happily learned one of the Klingon games Worf taught him.

## Production

The outdoor shots of the exoplanet the O'Brien's visit, later recreated in the holosuite, were filmed at Malibu Creek State Park in California. The nature park is in the Santa Monica Mountains of that region, on the west coast of the continental United States. According to the *Deep Space Nine Companion* the rocks for the "stonehenge" were fiberglass props.

The melon from Golana that the O'Briens feed Molly was an actual fruit, the *kiwano* (Cucumis metuliferus) which has a yellowish exterior and green interior.

Special effects are used for a Danube-class Runabout above Golana.

## Reception

Keith DeCandido of Tor.com rated the episode 4 out of 10.

A 2015 binge-watching guide for *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine* by *Wired* recommended skipping this episode.

## InfoBox

| "**Time's Orphan**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 6<br>Episode 24 |
| Directed by | Allan Kroeker |
| Story by | Joe Menosky |
| Teleplay by |  |
| Featured music | Jay Chattaway |
| Cinematography by | Jonathan West |
| Production code | 548 |
| Original air date | May 18, 1998 (1998-05-18) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Time's Up! (game)

abstract: Time's Up is a charades-based party game designed by Peter Sarrett, and published by R&R Games, Inc., a Tampa, Florida–based manufacturer of tabletop games and party games. The first edition of the game was published in 1999, with the most recent edition, Time's Up! Deluxe, published in 2008. It is a game for teams of two or more players, and is played in three rounds. Time's Up! is based on the classic parlour game known as Celebrity.

text:
# Time's Up! (game)

***Time's Up*** is a charades-based party game designed by Peter Sarrett, and published by R&R Games, Inc., a Tampa, Florida–based manufacturer of tabletop games and party games. The first edition of the game was published in 1999, with the most recent edition, *Time's Up! Deluxe*, published in 2008. It is a game for teams of two or more players, and is played in three rounds. *Time's Up!* is based on the classic parlour game known as Celebrity.

## Gameplay

The game is played using a set of 40 randomly chosen name cards, known as the Deck of Fame. The Deck of Fame is used throughout all three rounds of the game. Each team gets 30 seconds to guess as many names as possible, with one player giving clues to his teammates. Players use words, sound effects and charades as they give their clues, but speech becomes more restricted as the game progresses in rounds 2 and 3. On each team's turn, one member of the team is the Cluegiver and the rest are the Guessers.

* In round 1, the Cluegiver draws a name card and begins giving clues to his teammates (Guessers). Almost anything is allowed for cluegiving, but passing is not allowed. The Cluegiver can sing, hum, point, charade, give full descriptions of the person, etc. The round ends when all names have been guessed.
* In round 2, the Cluegiver may give only one word for each clue, which may be repeated as often as desired. Once the word is said, only non-verbal clues (sound effects, charades) may be given. Teammates get one guess only, and passing is allowed.
* In round 3, the Cluegiver may not use any words at all. Only sounds and charades may be used for each clue. Teammates get one guess only and passing is allowed.

For advanced play, there is an optional round 4 in Time's Up!, where the Guesser starts with their eyes closed while the Cluegiver freezes in a pose depicting their clue. Once frozen, the Guesser opens their eyes and must give one guess. The Cluegiver looks at the next card and repeats the process.

## Versions

Two expansions for *Time's Up* were published by R&R Games in 2001 and 2002, adding new cards. In 2008, *Time's Up Deluxe* was published, which combined the best cards from the base game and those two expansions with a number of new cards. Also in 2008, *Time's Up: Title Recall* was published. This version of the game challenges players to guess the titles of books, films, songs, etc., using the same basic rules.

## Reception

*Time's Up* has been named Best Party Game by the *Chicago Tribune*, *San Francisco Chronicle*, and *Games* magazine, and has won over 15 awards, including the Mensa Select award.

## Reviews

* *Family Games: The 100 Best*

## InfoBox

*Time's Up*
| Publishers | R&R Games, Inc. |
| --- | --- |
| Publication | 2008 |
| Genres | Charades, Party |
| Languages | English |
| Players | 4 or more, played in teams |
| Setup time | 2 minutes |
| Playing time | 60 minutes |
| Chance | Little |
| Age range | 7 and up |
| Skills | General knowledge, memory, acting |
| Website | Official Site |


title: Fulguropsis pyruloides

abstract:
Fulguropsis pyruloides is a species of Marine Gastropod, commonly known as the pear whelk. It is also known as the Florida pear whelk or Atlantic pear whelk in scientific and shelling circles to differentiate from the more well known Fulguropsis spirata, which is also known as the Pear Whelk. It was first described by American conchologist, Thomas Say, in 1822. For a time before the species' range was fully known and it was understood that F. spirata was only found West of the State of Mississippi, they were occasionally referred to as "Say's Pear Whelk" though this term has fallen out of use.
  - Subspecies
  -
  - Fulguropsis pyruloides pyruloides
  - Fulguropsis pyruloides rachelcarsonae Petuch, R. F. Myers & Berschauer, 2015

text:
# Fulguropsis pyruloides

***Fulguropsis pyruloides*** is a species of Marine Gastropod, commonly known as the **pear whelk**. It is also known as the **Florida pear whelk** or **Atlantic pear whelk** in scientific and shelling circles to differentiate from the more well known *Fulguropsis spirata*, which is also known as the Pear Whelk. It was first described by American conchologist, Thomas Say, in 1822.

For a time before the species' range was fully known and it was understood that *F. spirata* was only found West of the State of Mississippi, they were occasionally referred to as "Say's Pear Whelk" though this term has fallen out of use.

Subspecies * *Fulguropsis pyruloides pyruloides* (Say, 1822)
* *Fulguropsis pyruloides rachelcarsonae* Petuch, R. F. Myers & Berschauer, 2015

## Range

This species is native to the Atlantic coast from North Carolina south to Key West as well as the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama eastwards. There is intergrade along the coast of Mississippi, as well as possible intergrade along the Florida Panhandle and Alabama coastline with the species *Fulguropsis spirata*.

The species inhabits a range formerly ascribed to the aforementioned *F. spirata,* which was generally found to only inhabit coastlines west of the Mississippi Delta, most if not all specimens east of Alabama are likely of *F. pyruloides*. This has revealed that many specimens formerly listed as *F. spirata* were actually *F. pyruloides* the entire time, though these errors have yet to be corrected for the most part.

## InfoBox

| *Fulguropsis pyruloides*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Busyconidae |
| Subfamily: | Busycotypinae |
| Genus: | *Fulguropsis* |
| Species: | ***F. pyruloides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fulguropsis pyruloides***
(Say, 1822) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Fulgur pyruloides* Say, 1822 (original combination) | |


title: Fulgurotherium

abstract: Fulgurotherium is a dubious genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Griman Creek Formation. It lived in what is now Australia.

text:
# Fulgurotherium

***Fulgurotherium*** (meaning "Lightning beast") is a dubious genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Griman Creek Formation. It lived in what is now Australia.

## Discovery

The holotype of *Fulgurotherium australe* was first mentioned by British paleontologist Arthur Smith Woodward in 1909, along with several more fossils in the collection of the British Museum that had been collected from the Cenomanian Griman Creek Formation strata in Lightning Ridge in New South Wales, Australia. The type specimen (BMNH R.3719), an opalized anterior femur, was not fully described until in 1932, German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene named it *Fulgurotherium australe* as a coelurosaurian theropod related to *Ornitholestes* and *Oviraptor*.

The genus name is derived from Latin *fulgur*, "lightning", and Greek *therion*, "beast", a reference to the Lightning Ridge site in New South Wales. The specific name means "southern" in Latin. Its name is an unusual example of a name in which -*therium* was used for an animal which is not an extinct mammal.

He misidentified the fossil as part of the right metacarpal and due to this misidentification, believing it was one of the largest coelurosaurs then described, and later moved it to Ornithomimidae in 1944. It was not until 1986 that it was reidentified as the femur of a hypsilophodont related to *Leaellynasaura* and *Nanosaurus,* then *Othnielia*, by Molnar & Galton (1986). The two referred a total of seven femora to *Fulgurotherium* from Dinosaur Cove, though these femora were much smaller than the holotype, and *Fulgurotherium* was accepted as one of the four valid hypsilophodonts along with *Leaellynasaura,* "Victorian Hypsilophodont Type 1", & *,*"Victorian Hypsilophodont Type 2". Rich & Vickers-Rich (1999) pointed out that the holotype was very worn and inadequate to be a type specimen, considering it a *nomen dubium*, a consensus that has been followed since.

## Description

Despite the holotype being dubious the holotype and many referred specimens of *Fulgurotherium australe* bear many characteristics seen in basal iguanodontians like *Gasparinisaura* and *Notohypsilophodon*. These traits include an anterior distal intercondylar fossa on the tibial condyle, that although present, is very weakly developed. The holotype measures 7 centimeters in length and 4.5 cm at its widest transverse point, one of the largest basal ornithischian femora recovered from Australia.

## Classification

Agnolin *et al* (2010) found it to be an indeterminate iguanodontian, but a 2019 redescription of *Talenkauen* found it to be an elasmarian.

## InfoBox

| *Fulgurotherium*
Temporal range: Early-mid Cenomanian
~ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Holotype femur fragment (specimen BMNH R.3719) shown from the bottom | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Dinosauria |
| *Clade*: | Ornithischia |
| *Clade*: | Neornithischia |
| Genus: | *Fulgurotherium*
von Huene, 1932 |
| Species: | ***F. australe*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fulgurotherium australe***
von Huene, 1932 | |
|


title: Medeas

abstract: Medeas is a 2013 American-Italian-Mexican independent drama film directed by Andrea Pallaoro and starring Catalina Sandino Moreno and Brían F. O'Byrne. It is Pallaoro's directorial debut.

text:
# Medeas

***Medeas*** is a 2013 American-Italian-Mexican independent drama film directed by Andrea Pallaoro and starring Catalina Sandino Moreno and Brían F. O'Byrne. It is Pallaoro's directorial debut.

## Plot

MEDEAS is an intimate portrait of a rural family’s inner lives and their relationship to a harsh and shifting landscape. Ennis, a stern, hard-working dairy farmer struggles to maintain control of his family and surrounding environment, while his wife, Christina, retreats into herself, progressively disconnecting from him and their five children. As tensions increase, each character must confront their yearnings and anxieties, culminating in a dangerous conflict between control and freedom, intimacy, and alienation. A journey into the unpredictable boundaries of human behavior, MEDEAS explores the desperate lengths people are driven to by love and self-preservation.

## Cast

## Reception

The film has an 80% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews, with an average score of 6.71/10. Nick Prigge of *Slant Magazine* gave the film three stars out of four. *Orlando Weekly* gave it four stars out of five. Glenn Kenny of *RogerEbert.com* gave it two stars.

## InfoBox

| Medeas | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Andrea Pallaoro |
| Written by | Andrea Pallaoro
Orlando Tirado |
| Produced by | Eleonora Granata-Jenkinson
Kyle Heller
Gina Resnick
Jonathan Venguer |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Chayse Irvin |
| Edited by | Isaac Hagy
Arndt Peemoeller |
| Distributed by | The Vladar Company |
| Release date | * September 2, 2013 (2013-09-02) (Venice) |
| Running time | 97 minutes |
| Countries | United States
Italy
Mexico |
| Language | English |


# Media in Prince George, British Columbia

This is a list of media outlets in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.

## Radio

| Frequency | Call sign | Branding | Format | Owner | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 88.7 FM | CFUR-FM |  | campus radio | University of Northern British Columbia |  |
| 90.3 FM | CBU-FM-5 | CBC Music | public music | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | Rebroadcasts CBU-FM Vancouver |
| 91.5 FM | CBYG-FM | CBC Radio One | public news/talk | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |  |
| 93.1 FM | CFIS-FM | Boomer Radio | community radio | Prince George Community Radio Society |  |
| 94.3 FM | CIRX-FM | The Goat | active rock | Vista Broadcast Group |  |
| 95.5 FM | CBUF-FM-4 | Ici Radio-Canada Première | public news/talk | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | French; rebroadcasts CBUF-FM Vancouver |
| 97.3 FM | CJCI-FM | Country97FM | country music | Vista Broadcast Group |  |
| 99.3 FM | CKDV-FM | 99.3 Rewind Radio | classic hits | Jim Pattison Group |  |
| 101.3 FM | CKKN-FM | The River | hot adult contemporary | Jim Pattison Group |  |

## Television

The city is served by CKPG-TV, a conventional broadcast station which originates programming locally. All of the city's other television signals are rebroadcasters of stations from Vancouver, British Columbia.

As in most Canadian cities, digital television transmission has not commenced in Prince George as of early 2014. However, all of the city's television signals have their DTV channel assignments already in place.

| OTA channel | DTV channel | Call sign | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 |  | CKPG-TV | City (affiliate) |  |
| 29 | 12-1 | CIFG-DT | Global | Digital rebroadcaster of CHAN-DT Vancouver |

Rogers Communications operates a community channel, Rogers TV, in Prince George. Rogers also carries Vancouver CBC Television station CBUT-DT to all subscribers, following CKPG-TV's disaffiliation from the CBC network, which left the community with no local CBC Television transmitter, as well as Radio-Canada station CBUFT-DT, whose repeater closed down on July 31, 2012. The Prince George area does not receive CBC Television, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, or CTV over the air.

## Publications

Prince George has one main newspaper, a weekly published on Thursday, the *Prince George Citizen*, winner of the 2006 Michener Award, which appears Tuesday through Saturday. The *Prince George Free Press* which appeared on Wednesday and Friday, ceased publication on May 1, 2015. *Over the Edge* publishes student-based content out of the University of Northern British Columbia every other week from September to March, and offers online content throughout the rest of the year. There is also a café newsletter, PG Xpress (weekly). Prince George also has two advertising publications, the *Prince George Buy & Sell* and the *Prince George Bargain Finder*.


title: Media in Pretoria

abstract: Radio and TV broadcasting in Pretoria is supplied via a network of VHF/FM and UHF transmitters and repeaters owned and operated by Sentech - South Africa's state-owned broadcast signal distributor - from four transmitter sites in and around the city. A number of community radio stations operate transmitters from non-Sentech sites. The inception of an FM broadcast service in South Africa, began on 1 September 1961 from what is now known as the Sentech Tower in Brixton, Johannesburg. The remainder of South Africa was initially served by medium wave transmitters, which were essentially localised to the larger centres. A massive drive through the 1960s and 70's saw the roll-out of the FM network to the rest of the country. Much of the original equipment supplied was through technology exchange programmes, meaning that the transmitters were of European design, but manufactured in South Africa. Original networks were based on 3 kW tube FM equipment, operating into channel combining equipment to allow the use of a common transmit antenna system, with a gain of around 10-12 dB. Sentech embarked on a huge programme in the late 1980s to effect replacement of these ageing FM transmitter and antenna systems. In world terms, it was the single largest contract awarded to a local manufacturer for the supply of FM transmitters. In South Africa, digital migration still has to happen. Currently, analogue TV occupies the VHF frequencies where digital radio needs to migrate. Once digital migration is done, South Africa will have Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) and listen to digital radio on the DAB system. For now, virtually all South Africans rely on analogue terrestrial (FM/AM/SW) broadcasts for their radio consumption.

text:
# Media in Pretoria

Radio and TV broadcasting in Pretoria is supplied via a network of VHF/FM and UHF transmitters and repeaters owned and operated by Sentech \- South Africa's state-owned broadcast signal distributor - from four transmitter sites in and around the city. A number of community radio stations operate transmitters from non-Sentech sites.

The inception of an FM broadcast service in South Africa, began on 1 September 1961 from what is now known as the Sentech Tower in Brixton, Johannesburg. The remainder of South Africa was initially served by medium wave transmitters, which were essentially localised to the larger centres. A massive drive through the 1960s and 70's saw the roll-out of the FM network to the rest of the country. Much of the original equipment supplied was through technology exchange programmes, meaning that the transmitters were of European design, but manufactured in South Africa. Original networks were based on 3 kW tube FM equipment, operating into channel combining equipment to allow the use of a common transmit antenna system, with a gain of around 10-12 dB. Sentech embarked on a huge programme in the late 1980s to effect replacement of these ageing FM transmitter and antenna systems. In world terms, it was the single largest contract awarded to a local manufacturer for the supply of FM transmitters.

In South Africa, digital migration still has to happen. Currently, analogue TV occupies the VHF frequencies where digital radio needs to migrate. Once digital migration is done, South Africa will have Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) and listen to digital radio on the DAB system. For now, virtually all South Africans rely on analogue terrestrial (FM/AM/SW) broadcasts for their radio consumption.

## Pretoria-Gelukskroon Transmitting Station

Gelukskroon is the main broadcast site for Pretoria, situated west of the city close to the Hartebeespoort Dam. It is designed to beam signals down into the valley ("moot") formed by the Magaliesberg. Twelve radio and six TV services are broadcast from this site.

RADIO

* 87.90 MHz - SABC Thobela FM
* 89.30 MHz - SABC Ligwalagwala FM
* 91.00 MHz - SABC Motsweding FM
* 92.40 MHz - SABC Metro FM
* 94.20 MHz - Jacaranda 94.2
* 95.60 MHz - SABC Munghana Lonene FM
* 96.80 MHz - SABC Ikwekwezi FM
* 97.50 MHz - SABC Radio 2000
* 101.0 MHz - SABC Radio Sonder Grense
* 102.4 MHz - SABC Ukhozi FM
* 104.6 MHz - SABC SAfm
* 106.0 MHz - Talk Radio 702

TV

## Sunnyside-Lukasrand Transmitting Station

The Telkom Lukasrand Tower on Lukasrand, which dominates the Pretoria skyline, carries four radio services and TV repeaters.

RADIO

* 90.50 MHz - Grootfm
* 100.1 MHz - SABC Lotus FM
* 103.6 MHz - SABC 5 FM
* 107.2 MHz - Tuks FM

TV

## Menlo Park Transmitting Station

This is a repeater station, designed as gap-filler for the eastern parts of Pretoria.

RADIO

* 90.5 MHz - GROOTfm 90.5
* 89.00 MHz - SABC Motsweding FM
* 93.60 MHz - SABC Ikwekwezi FM
* 95.30 MHz - Jacaranda 94.2
* 98.60 MHz - SABC Radio 2000
* 102.1 MHz - SABC Radio Sonder Grense
* 105.7 MHz - SABC SAfm

TV

## Pretoria North Transmitting Station

This is essentially a TV repeater station for the area north of the Magaliesberg.

RADIO

* 89.90 MHz - SABC 5 FM

TV

All major transmitting stations in Pretoria are broadcasting DTT Multiplexes 1 and 2 on channel 54 and 58 as part of the Gauteng allotments in DVB-T2. The two trial bouquets include SABC channels, etv, Soweto TV, Tshwane TV, Mindset Health and Education, Lesotho TV and some encrypted DSTV channels.

## Community Radio Stations on non-Sentech sites

* 88.2  MHz - Poort FM 88.2 (Eersterust and surrounding areas within Tshwane)
* 90.50 MHz - Grootfm 90.5 (Tshwane)
* 92.80 MHz - Kangala Community Radio (Verena-Renosterkop)
* 93.00 MHz - Soshanguve Community Radio (Soshanguve)
* 93.60 MHz - Tshwane FM (Tshwane University of Technology-Pretoria West)
* 96.20 MHz - TUT FM (Tshwane University of Technology-Soshanguve)
* 103.0 MHz - Impact Radio (Magaliesberg)
* 104.2 MHz - Pretoria FM (Kleinfontein)
* 106.6 MHz - Moretele Community Radio (Babelegi-Hammanskraal)

## Medium wave (AM) and short wave radio stations

The following medium wave and short wave radio stations can also be heard in Pretoria. Some stations will be clearer at night. Short wave frequencies vary according to time of day. More information is at www.sentech.co.za.

MEDIUM WAVE (AM)

* 576 kHz - SABC Metro FM (Meyerton, Gauteng)
* 657 kHz - Radio Pulpit (Meyerton, Gauteng)
* 909 kHz - Voice of America (Moepeng Hill, Botswana)
* 1197 kHz - Family Radio (Lancers Gap, Maseru, Lesotho)
* 1440 kHz - Radio Pulpit (Kameeldrif) - DRM test transmissions started in 2014

SHORT WAVE (all at Meyerton, Gauteng)

## Broadcasts from outside the city

Due to Pretoria's proximity to Johannesburg, most radio services broadcast from the 234m high Sentech Tower in Brixton, Johannesburg can also be heard in the southern parts of Pretoria (where the line of sight is not blocked by the Magaliesberg or ridges) These include:

* 88.40 MHz - SABC Lesedi FM
* 93.20 MHz - SABC Umhlobo Wenene FM
* 94.70 MHz - 94.7 Highveld Stereo
* 95.90 MHz - Kaya FM
* 99.20 MHz - Y-fm
* 102.7 MHz - Classic FM
* 107.8 MHz - SABC PhalaPhala FM

In certain areas of Pretoria (especially on hilltops) it is also possible to pick up radio stations transmitted from Sentech's sites at Thabazimbi, Limpopo and Middelburg, Mpumalanga.

## Private Radio Stations serving Pretoria or operating from Pretoria

* Pretoria FM - Kleinfontein Transmitter - 104.2 MHz (Bronkhorstspruit, East of Pretoria)
* Pretoria FM - Magaliesberg Transmitter - 106.6 MHz (Brits, West of Pretoria)
* Pretoria FM - Studio - Loftus Park Pretoria
* Radio Pulpit - Studio - Kilnerpark
* Grootfm - Studio - Lynnwood Manor

## Pretoria radio at a glance

Excluding the SA Radio League, there are 36 conventional (FM/AM/SW) radio stations available in Pretoria (including those broadcasting from Johannesburg).

* 15 are owned by the national public broadcaster, the SABC (13 PBS; 2 PCBS)
* 6 are privately owned commercial enterprises (only two private stations has transmitters in Pretoria - Jacaranda 94.2 and Talk Radio 702)
* 9 are single-transmitter community radio stations with limited reach
* 11 broadcast only in English
* 5 broadcast in Afrikaans or are bilingual (Afrikaans & English)
* 14 broadcast in vernacular African languages
* 12 have their studios situated in the Pretoria/Centurion area
* 3 are international news and current affairs services (external services)
* 3 are multilingual international Christian radio stations


title: Fun Bits

abstract: Fun Bits Interactive, LLC was an American video game developer based in Seattle. It was founded in 2010 by the core team formerly of Titan Studios. In 2010, three of the team members from Fat Princess of Titan Studios started Atomic Operations, which was then renamed as Fun Bits Interactive. After Titan completed Fat Princess, Fun Bits continued work on the project releasing the Fat Roles DLC, which supported additional classes, private servers and clan support.

text:
# Fun Bits

**Fun Bits Interactive, LLC** was an American video game developer based in Seattle. It was founded in 2010 by the core team formerly of Titan Studios. In 2010, three of the team members from *Fat Princess* of Titan Studios started Atomic Operations, which was then renamed as Fun Bits Interactive. After Titan completed Fat Princess, Fun Bits continued work on the project releasing the Fat Roles DLC, which supported additional classes, private servers and clan support.

## Games developed

| Title | Release date | Platform |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Fat Princess: Fat Roles* | June 25, 2010 | PlayStation 3 |
| *Escape Plan* | February 22, 2012 | PlayStation Vita |
| *Fat Princess Adventures* | December 5, 2015 | PlayStation 4 |
| *Halp!* | August 2, 2016 | Microsoft Windows |
| *Squids from Space* | July 31, 2017 | Microsoft Windows |

*Fat Princess Adventures* is an action role based video game for the PlayStation 4 platform. It was released 2015 via Sony Computer Entertainment and is a continuation from the original Fat Princess: Fat Roles DLC game.

*Squids from Space* is a top-down, team-based, multiplayer, action shooter game between humans and Squid aliens from space, initially set in the 1950s Everything is Different After the Eclipse. The game initially released with one map and one game mode. It had its first public beta testing for its second map, The Moonbase, on 31 July 2017. The core gameplay mechanics involves two teams of eight players with the main objective of capturing the enemy leader three times. Meanwhile, the teams can gain an advantage by collecting resources found throughout the map and bringing them back to their bases in order to unlock stronger weapons.

## Further reading

* Brightman, James (February 26, 2015). ""It's getting harder to be an indie"". *GamesIndustry.biz*.

## InfoBox

Fun Bits Interactive, LLC
|
|  |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | 2010 (2010) |
| Headquarters | Seattle, US |
| Website | funbits.com |


title: Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai

abstract: Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai is an Indian Marathi language film directed by Rajiv S. Ruia. The film stars Rajesh Shringarpure, Tejaswini Pandit and Kranti Redkar. The film was released on 15 May 2015.

text:
# Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai

***Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai*** (transl.War: The battle of existence) is an Indian Marathi language film directed by Rajiv S. Ruia. The film stars Rajesh Shringarpure, Tejaswini Pandit and Kranti Redkar. The film was released on 15 May 2015.

## Synopsis

When Ragini's editor declines to publish a rape case report against a rich businessman, she quits her job and meets police officer Guru Nayak. Learning about her story, Guru decides to help her.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Vivek Kar | |
| Released | 2015 |
| Recorded | 2015 |
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack |
| Length | 20:30 |
| Language | Marathi |
|  | |
| Official audio | |
| Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai – Full Album on YouTube | |
|  | |

Track listing
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Chal Door Door" | Adarsh Shinde, Swati Sharma | 4:08 |
| 2. | "Deva Sangna" | Adarsh Shinde | 3:51 |
| 3. | "Deva Ganesha" | Adarsh Shinde, Dev Negi, Pratap | 4:58 |
| 4. | "Chal Door Door (unplugged)" | Adarsh Shinde, Swati Sharma | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | | 15:48 |

## Critical response

Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai film received negative reviews from critics. Mihir Bhanage of *The Times of India* gave the film a rating of 2/5 and wrote "To sum it up, Yudh could’ve been a good film but just about manages to be an average one". Ganesh Matkari of *Pune Mirror* wrote "Ultimately, there is no reason to question the intentions of the film, although it refuses to push the envelope, and ends up delivering a confused and convoluted message". Soumitra Pote of *Maharashtra Times* gave the film 1 stars out of 5 and wrote "At no level does this film show its solid existence". A reviewer from *Loksatta* wrote "This Yudh should be called a stray because it did not happen despite having a good scope".

## InfoBox

| Yudh: Astitvachi Ladai | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Rajiv  S. Ruia |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Suresh Beesaveni |
| Edited by | Asif Pathan |
| Music by | Vivek Kar |
| Release date | * 15 May 2015 (2015-05-15) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Marathi |


title: Ephraim Keyser

abstract: Ephraim Keyser was an American sculptor.

text:
# Ephraim Keyser

**Ephraim Keyser** (October 6, 1850 in Baltimore, Maryland  January 26, 1937) was an American sculptor.

## Biography

He was educated at the City College of Baltimore and studied art in the Maryland Academy of Arts in 1871-72. He went to Munich in 1872 and studied under Widmann in the Academy of Fine Arts, where he won a silver medal for a bronze statue of a page. He remained there until 1876, when he moved to Berlin, and entered the studio of Albert Wolff, under whose guidance he modeled a figure of Psyche, for which he gained the Michael Beer prize, enabling him to spend a year in Italy.

In 1880 he settled in Rome, Italy, where he maintained a studio for six years and where he received a prize for the statue of Psyche. In 1887 he returned to the United States, and lived in New York City until 1893. He then resided in Baltimore, where he became an instructor in modeling at the School of Fine Arts. His studio was located at the David Bachrach House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

His nephew, Ernest Wise Keyser, was also a sculptor.

## Works

Among his works may be mentioned: the statue of General de Kalb, erected by the government at Annapolis, Maryland; the design for the tomb of Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States, at Albany, New York; and various busts, among them those of President Grover Cleveland, Cardinal Gibbons, Sidney Lanier, and Henry Harland.


title: The Record of the Blue Mountains

abstract: The Record of the Blue Mountains was a newspaper published in Katoomba, New South Wales from 1921 to 1925.

text:
# The Record of the Blue Mountains

***The Record of the Blue Mountains*** was a newspaper published in Katoomba, New South Wales from 1921 to 1925.

## History

*The Record of the Blue Mountains* began in August 1921 as *The Catholic News of the Blue Mountains*, a monthly published by the Katoomba Catholic Club. Outgrowing its role as a parish bulletin and widening its appeal to include the non-Catholic community, the name was changed from July 1922 (Vol.1, No. 12). By July 1923 it had achieved a circulation of 6,000 readers between Bathurst and Sydney. While its editors included M. Curran, John F. Ryan and Bruce Milliss, the driving force behind *The Record* was Katoomba parish priest, Father St. Clair Joseph Bridge. A further name change occurred in April 1924, when the name was shortened to *The Record Magazine*. Financial difficulties and pressure from the Church hierarchy to concentrate on parish affairs eventually forced Bridge to close *The Record*. The last issue, volume 4, number 6, appeared in January 1925.

Though registered as a newspaper, *The Record* was, and saw itself as, more a magazine than a newspaper. In his autobiography, *Serpent’s Tooth*, Milliss’ son Roger describes the journal as consisting of “a minimum of low-key Catholic propaganda and a mass of inoffensive general features aimed to attract a broader readership and quell the prejudice of likely Protestant advertisers”.

## Digitisation

*The Record of the Blue Mountains* has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.