title: Northern Midlands Council

abstract: Northern Midlands Council is a local government body in Tasmania, extending south of Launceston into the northern region of the Tasmanian central midlands. Northern Midlands is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 13,300, the major population centres and localities of the region include Campbell Town, Evandale, Longford, and Perth.

text:
# Northern Midlands Council

**Northern Midlands Council** is a local government body in Tasmania, extending south of Launceston into the northern region of the Tasmanian central midlands. **Northern Midlands** is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 13,300, the major population centres and localities of the region include Campbell Town, Evandale, Longford, and Perth.

## History and attributes

On 2 April 1993, the municipalities of Campbell Town, Evandale, Fingal, Longford and Ross were amalgamated to form the Northern Midlands Council. Northern Midlands is classified as rural, agricultural and very large under the Australian Classification of Local Governments.

## Localities

| Locality | Census population 2011 | Reason |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evandale | 1402 |  |
| Longford | 3756 | Includes Bishopsbourne, Toiberry, Wilmores Lane, Pateena, Illawarra |
| Campbell Town | 994 |  |
| Perth | 2635 * | * Missing from ABS |
| Bishopsbourne |  | Incl. in Longford |
| Toiberry |  | Incl. in Longford |
| Wilmores Lane |  | Incl. in Longford |
| Pateena |  | Incl. in Longford |
| Breadalbane |  | Incl. in Western Junction |
| Devon Hills | 476 |  |
| Western Junction | 298 | Includes Breadalbane |
| Clarendon |  | Incl. in Conara |
| Deddington | 77 | Includes Blessington,English Town |
| Nile |  | Incl. in Conara |
| Blessington |  | Incl. in Deddington |
| English Town |  | Incl. in Deddington |
| Storys Creek |  | Incl. in Avoca |
| Rossarden |  | Incl. in Avoca |
| Avoca | 300 | Includes Storys Creek, Rossarden, Royal George, LLewellyn, Frodberry (Break O'Day Council) |
| Royal George |  | Incl. in Avoca |
| Lake Leake |  |  |
| Tooms Lake |  | Incl. in Ross |
| Ross | 423 | Includes Tooms Lake, Auburn |
| Auburn |  | Incl. in Ross |
| Delmont |  | Incl. in Cressy |
| Poatina |  | Incl. in Cressy |
| Blackwwod Creek |  | Incl. in Cressy |
| Cressy | 1403 | Includes Delmont, Poatina, Blackwood Creek, Millers Bluff |
| Epping Forest |  | Incl. in Conara |
| Conara | 484 | Includes Epping Forest, Cleveland, Clarendon, Nile, Powrana, Barton |
| Cleveland |  | Incl. in Conara |
| LLewellyn |  | Incl. in Avoca |
| Tunbridge |  | Incl. in Ross |
| Powranna |  | Incl. in Conara |
| Barton |  | Incl. in Conara |
| Millers Bluff |  | Incl. in Cressy |
| Illawarra |  | Incl. in Longford |
| **Total** | 12,228 |  |
| **Local government total** | 12,228 | Gazetted Northern Midlands local government area |
|

### Not in above list

## InfoBox

| Northern Midlands Council
Tasmania | |
| --- | --- |
| Map showing the Northern Midlands local government area. | |
| Coordinates | 41°50′25″S 147°27′39″E / 41.8402°S 147.4609°E / -41.8402; 147.4609 |
| Established | 2 April 1993 |
| Area | 5,135 km2 (1,982.6 sq mi) |
| Mayor | Mary Knowles |
| Council seat | Longford |
| Region | Northern midlands |
| State electorate(s) | Lyons |
| Federal division(s) | Lyons |
|  | |
| Website | Northern Midlands Council |
| **LGAs around Northern Midlands Council:**  Meander Valley Launceston Break O'Day  Central Highlands Northern Midlands Council Glamorgan Spring Bay  Central Highlands Southern Midlands Glamorgan Spring Bay | |


title: Norwich Cadets women's ice hockey

abstract: The Norwich Cadets women's ice hockey team represents Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont. The school's women's team competes in NCAA Division III women's ice hockey, as part of the New England Hockey Conference (NEHC). Norwich alumna Sophie Leclerc has served as head coach of the program since the 2019–20 season.

text:
# Norwich Cadets women's ice hockey

The **Norwich Cadets women's ice hockey** team represents Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont. The school's women's team competes in NCAA Division III women's ice hockey, as part of the New England Hockey Conference (NEHC). Norwich alumna Sophie Leclerc has served as head coach of the program since the 2019–20 season.

## History

The 2007–08 season marked the inaugural season of the Norwich Cadets as a varsity team. Mark Bolding was named the program's first head coach and would go on to coach twelve seasons with the Cadets. Sophie Leclerc led the club with 13 goals and 27 points and ranked second for assists, with 14.

During the 2008–09 campaign, the Cadets enjoyed their first-ever ECAC East Conference Tournament championship. In the Cadets final 16 contests, they went 13–2–1, leading up to a 4–0 win over Salve Regina in the conference championship game. Four Cadets players named to the ECAC East All-Tournament team. The Cadets made their first NCAA Tournament appearance before falling to eventual runner-up Elmira 3–2 in the quarterfinals.

In the 2010 NCAA Division III Quarterfinals, Sophie Leclerc scored the game-winning goal versus Plattsburgh State with 42 seconds left. She was part of a Cadets team that lost the 2010 NCAA Final to Amherst by a 7–2 tally.

The Cadets were led by team captain Sophie Leclerc as the Cadets won their first Division III title in 2011. This was accomplished in only the fourth year of the program. The Cadets set program records in wins (25) and conference victories (17). On January 28, 2011, Julie Fortier notched the 50th goal of her career with a hat trick versus New England College as the Cadets prevailed by a 3–2 tally. In a January 29 contest versus Castleton, she became the second player in program history to record 100 points in a career with a goal in the first period.

In the Division III title game, Leclerc contributed with two goals and an assist, as the Cadets defeated the RIT Tigers by a 5–2 mark. Her 54 points led the nation in scoring, while teammate Julie Fortier’s 45 points ranked second nationally (Fortier’s 23 goals tied a career high). Leclerc was featured in the April 4, 2011 issue of *Sports Illustrated* as part of its Faces in the Crowd section.

On December 4, 2011, Julie Fortier became the Cadets all-time goal-scoring leader as the Cadets logged a 5–0 victory over Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. Fortier contributed with two goals and a helper. With Norwich leading by a 1–0 tally, Fortier notched the 73rd goal of her career to surpass Sophie Leclerc.

On January 6, 2012, team captain Melissa Rundlett became just the third Norwich player in program history to reach 100 career points. She registered a goal and two assists to help the Cadets best Saint Michael's by a 9–0 mark. At the 5:36 mark of the first period, she assisted on Renee Lortie’s goal for the 99th career point. She would reach the milestone by scoring her seventh goal of the season at the 17:09 mark of the first period. Said goal gave Norwich a 5–0 advantage.

After twelve successful seasons, in which he amassed a 266-68-22 record, head coach Mark Bolding stepped down to accept the head coaching position with the Yale Bulldogs women's ice hockey program. The following month, on May 17, 2019, Sophie Leclerc was announced as the second head coach in program history.

## Season by season record

| **Won Championship** | **Lost Championship** | **Conference Champions** | **League Leader** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| **Year** | **Coach** | **W** | **L** | **T** | **Conference** | **Conf.
W** | **Conf.
L** | **Conf.
T** | **Finish** | **Conference Tournament** | **NCAA Tournament** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021-22 | Sophie Leclerc | 19 | 8 | 0 | NEHC | 13 | 3 | 0 | 2nd NEHC | **Won** Quarterfinals vs. Johnson & Wales (9-2)
**Lost** Semifinals vs. Castleton (0-1) | Did not qualify |
| 2020-21 | Sophie Leclerc | 7 | 1 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Sophie Leclerc | 23 | 4 | 2 | NEHC | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1st NEHC | **Won** Quarterfinal vs. Salem St. (9–0)
**Won** Semifinal vs. Plymouth St. (10–0)
**Won** Championship vs. Suffolk (9–2) | **Won** First Round vs. Amherst (3–1)
*Quarterfinals vs. Plattsburgh St.
cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic* |
| 2018–19 | Mark Bolding | 21 | 4 | 2 | NEHC | 18 | 0 | 1 | 1st NEHC | **Won** Championship vs. Castleton (6–0) | **Lost** First Round vs. Williams (3–5) |
| 2017–18 | Mark Bolding | 27 | 1 | 3 | NEHC | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1st NEHC | **Won** Semifinal vs. Plymouth St. (4–1)
**Won** Championship vs. UMass Boston (7–0) | **Won** Quarterfinals vs. Morrisville (8–2)
**Won** Semifinals vs. Hamline (5–1)
**Won** Championship vs. Elmira (2–1) |
| 2016–17 | Mark Bolding | 23 | 7 | 1 | NEHC | 18 | 1 | 0 | 2nd NEHC | **Won** Championship vs. Manhattanville (5–0) | **Won** First Round vs. Middlebury (5–4)
**Lost** Semifinal vs. Plattsburgh St. (0–4) |
| 2015–16 | Mark Bolding | 21 | 7 | 0 | NEHC | 15 | 2 | 0 | 1st NEHC | **Lost** Championship vs. UMass Boston (0–2) |  |
| 2014–15 | Mark Bolding | 22 | 6 | 3 | ECAC East | 15 | 0 | 2 | 1st ECAC East | **Won** Championship |  |
| 2013–14 | Mark Bolding | 27 | 4 | 0 | ECAC East | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1st ECAC East | **Won** Championship | **Lost** Championship vs. Williams (1–2) |
| 2012–13 | Mark Bolding | 22 | 4 | 3 | ECAC East | 16 | 2 | 0 | 1st ECAC East | **Won** Championship |  |
| 2011-12 | Mark Bolding | 27 | 3 | 1 | ECAC East | 17 | 0 | 1 | 1st ECAC East | **Won** Championship | **Lost** Championship vs. RIT (–) |
| 2010-11 | Mark Bolding | 25 | 4 | 1 | ECAC East | 17 | 0 | 1 | 1st ECAC East | **Won** Championship | **Won** Championship vs. RIT (–) |
| 2009–10 | Mark Bolding | 20 | 6 | 5 | ECAC East | 13 | 3 | 3 | 3rd ECAC East | **Won** Championship | **Lost** Championship vs. Amherst (2–7) |
| 2008–09 | Mark Bolding | 19 | 9 | 1 | ECAC East | 14 | 6 | 1 | 3rd ECAC East | **Won** Championship |  |
| 2007–08 | Mark Bolding | 12 | 11 | 2 | ECAC East | 9 | 8 | 2 | 4th ECAC East | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |

Source: USCHO; NCAA, NEHC

## Awards and honors

* Mark Bolding, American Hockey Coaches Association (AHCA) National "Coach of the Year" (2009–10)
* Mark Bolding, American Hockey Coaches Association (AHCA) National "Coach of the Year" (2010–11)
* Julie Fortier, ECAC East Division III Women’s Player of the Week (Week of November 14, 2011)
* Julie Fortier, ECAC East Division III Women’s Player of the Week (Week of November 21, 2011)
* Julie Fortier, 2012 Laura Hurd Award Winner
* Amanda Conway, 2020 Laura Hurd Award Winner
* Emily Lambert, 2020 College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) Academic All-American At-Large First Team
* Sophie Leclerc, 2007–08 ECAC East Second team
* Sophie Leclerc, 2008–09 ECAC East Second team
* Sophie Leclerc, 2008–09 ECAC East Tournament Most Outstanding Player
* Sophie Leclerc, 2008–09 ECAC East All-Tournament team
* Sophie Leclerc, 2009–10 NCAA Division III All-Tournament team
* Sophie Leclerc, 2009–10 New England Division II-III All-Star
* Sophie Leclerc, 2009–10 ECAC East Second Team selection
* Sophie Leclerc, 2010–11 ECAC East scoring champion
* Sophie Leclerc, 2010–11 ECAC Division III Player of the year
* Sophie Leclerc, 2010–11 Division III AHCA All-America selection.
* Amanda Wilks, 2008–09 Division III AHCA All-America selection

## InfoBox

| Norwich Cadets women's ice hockey | |
| --- | --- |
| University | Norwich University |
| Conference | NEHC |
| Head coach | Sophie Leclerc
2nd season, 2342 |
| Arena | Kreitzberg Arena
Northfield, Vermont |
| Colors | Maroon and Gold
 |
| NCAA Tournament championships | |
| **2011, 2018** | |
| NCAA Tournament Frozen Four | |
| **2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018** | |
| NCAA Tournament appearances | |
| **2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021** | |
| Conference Tournament championships | |
| **2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020** | |
| Conference regular season championships | |
| **2011** | |


title: Norwich Business School

abstract: Norwich Business School (NBS) is one of seven schools within the University of East Anglia's Faculty of Social Sciences. The School has a campus location, based in the Thomas Paine Study Centre, and has approximately 1,800 registered students. In the National Student Survey 2018, UEA was ranked 2nd in the UK for finance, 5th in the UK for business studies and 10th in the UK for marketing. In 2019, the School received an Athena SWAN Bronze award, recognising work undertaken to address gender equality in higher education and research.

text:
# Norwich Business School

**Norwich Business School** (NBS) is one of seven schools within the University of East Anglia's Faculty of Social Sciences. The School has a campus location, based in the Thomas Paine Study Centre, and has approximately 1,800 registered students.

In the National Student Survey 2018, UEA was ranked 2nd in the UK for finance, 5th in the UK for business studies and 10th in the UK for marketing (overall satisfaction rankings).

In 2019, the School received an Athena SWAN Bronze award, recognising work undertaken to address gender equality in higher education and research.

## Research

UEA is ranked 9th in the UK for quality of its business and management studies research in the Research Excellence Framework 2014 (Times Higher Education Analysis).

## Projects

**Graduate Job Programme**

The Graduate Job Programme is a recruitment service offered by Norwich Business School for final year undergraduate students. Participants take part in a rigorous assessment centre experience before being matched with regional employers who are looking to recruit business graduates to their team on a nine-month to permanent basis.

**Employability Prizes**

Employability Prizes are built in to a number of modules at Norwich Business School. They give students the chance to present their academic work to a panel of employers, in order to gain feedback, networking opportunities and a prize for the winning team.

## Notable alumni

## Notable Academics

## History

The name Norwich Business School and acronym NBS was first adopted in 2005. Previously, NBS had been known as The School of Management, which was formed in 1996 by the alliance of the School of Management and the School of Accounting and Finance. Despite adopting Norwich Business School as the new name of the school, NBS continues to teach degree courses in these subject areas.


title: Humin, Poland

abstract: Humin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolimów, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Bolimów, 18 km (11 mi) north of Skierniewice, and 64 km (40 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Humin, Poland

**Humin** \[ˈxumin\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolimów, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Bolimów, 18 km (11 mi) north of Skierniewice, and 64 km (40 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Humin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Humin | |
| Coordinates: 52°6′N 20°14′E / 52.100°N 20.233°E / 52.100; 20.233 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Skierniewice |
| Gmina | Bolimów |


title: Hungarian studies

abstract: Hungarian studies is a field of study concerned with the Hungarian language, literature, ethnology, culture, history or society. According to the current philosophy of Hungarian Studies, all these terrains that used to be treated as separate disciplines should be studied as a whole, with the subsequent fields in relation to each other. The study encompasses the scholars in Hungary, Hungarians outside of Hungary, and foreign scholars conducting their research in other languages than Hungarian. Hungarian Studies as a discipline is intrinsically created by its intercultural circumstance from what it follows that the views and interpretations made from non-Hungarian standpoints are considered equally valid. Further, those Hungarian scholars that explore and interpret their own culture in the light of another culture inevitably apply Hungarian Studies informed standpoints.

text:
# Hungarian studies

**Hungarian studies** is a field of study concerned with the Hungarian language, literature, ethnology, culture, history or society.

According to the current philosophy of Hungarian Studies, all these terrains that used to be treated as separate disciplines should be studied as a whole, with the subsequent fields in relation to each other. The study encompasses the scholars in Hungary, Hungarians outside of Hungary, and foreign scholars conducting their research in other languages than Hungarian. Hungarian Studies as a discipline is intrinsically created by its intercultural circumstance from what it follows that the views and interpretations made from non-Hungarian standpoints are considered equally valid. Further, those Hungarian scholars that explore and interpret their own culture in the light of another culture inevitably apply Hungarian Studies informed standpoints.


abstract: Norwegian-American Historical Association is a non-profit, member-supported organization dedicated to locating, collecting, preserving and interpreting the Norwegian-American experience. It publishes scholarly books and maintains a historical archive, documenting research and interpretations of the American experience of immigrants from Norway.

text:
# Norwegian-American Historical Association

**Norwegian-American Historical Association** is a non-profit, member-supported organization dedicated to locating, collecting, preserving and interpreting the Norwegian-American experience. It publishes scholarly books and maintains a historical archive, documenting research and interpretations of the American experience of immigrants from Norway.

## History

On 4th day of February, 1926, the Norwegian-American Historical Association was incorporated by Knut Gjerset, Birger Osland, and O. E. Rolvaag. The organization was founded at St. Olaf College, in Northfield, Minnesota. Although the association is still located on the campus of St. Olaf, both institutions are independent entities.

Theodore C. Blegen served as managing editor for publications from 1925 until his retirement in 1960. His devotion to high standards of historical scholarship enabled the Norwegian-American Historical Association to achieve a reputation as a learned society. Later editors have included Kenneth O. Bjork from 1960 until 1980 and Odd S. Lovoll from 1980 until 2001.

Ole E. Rolvaag, the author of *Giants in the Earth*, became the association's first secretary and archivist. Rolvaag initiated the collection of archives including letters, papers, books, periodicals, photographs, diaries and newspapers related to Norwegian-American life.

The association promotes Norwegian-American historical research and literary work; and helps maintain and develop archives of Norwegian-American historical material. Its *Norwegian-American Studies* (formerly *Studies and Records*) publications are available online. The current editor of NAHA's publications is Anna Peterson. The association has enjoyed success and gained the recognition and respect of an international scholarly community.

In fulfillment of its purpose, the association has published nearly one hundred books of scholarly merit; promoted Norwegian-American historical research and literary work and preserved of materials of historical significance.

## References and notes

1. *Norwegian-American Studies publications available online* (Norwegian-American Historical Association)
2. *Certificate of Incorporation of the Norwegian-American Historical Association* (Norwegian-American Historical Association. Volume I: Page 152)
3. *Theodore C. Blegen* (Carlton C. Qualey, Norwegian-American Historical Association. Volume 21: Page 3)
4. *Ole Edvart Rølvaag* ( John Heitmann. Norwegian-American Historical Association, Volume XII: Page 144)
5. "Norwegian-American Studies". *University of Minnesota Press*. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
6. "Luther Professor Anna Peterson named Norwegian-American Historical Association editor". *Nordic Studies*. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
7. *Norwegian-American Historical Association* (Store norske leksikon)
8. *About Norwegian-American Historical Association – Archives* (Norwegian-American Historic Association)
9. *The Norwegian-American Historical Association* (D. G. Ristad, (Norwegian-American Historical Association, Volume I: Page 147)

## InfoBox

Norwegian-American Historical Association
| Abbreviation | NAHA |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | February 4, 1926 |
| Founded at | Northfield, Minnesota |
| Type | Non-profit |
| Purpose | "To locate, collect, preserve, and interpret the Norwegian-American experience with accuracy, integrity, and liveliness." |
| Location | * St. Olaf College |


title: Hydrostor

abstract: Hydrostor is a Canadian company that develops systems of storing energy in the form of compressed air. It was founded in 2010 and is currently headquartered in Toronto, Ontario.

text:
# Hydrostor

**Hydrostor** is a Canadian company that develops systems of storing energy in the form of compressed air. It was founded in 2010 and is currently headquartered in Toronto, Ontario.

## History

Hydrostor was founded in 2010. As of 2024, co-founder Curtis VanWalleghem was the company's CEO.

In 2024, Hydrostor built a compressed air storage facility in Goderich, Ontario. The unit repurposed a deserted salt cave near the Maitland River.

## Energy storage

Hydrostor's method of storing energy include using electric air compressors to compress air and fit it into a container. In order to recover the energy, the compressed air is run through a turbine, generating power. The air compressors are powered by renewable energy.

1. Gearino, Dan. "A Company Is Building a Giant Compressed-Air Battery in the Australian Outback". *Wired*. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
2. "Storing energy in compressed air could finally become cheap enough for the big time". *Quartz*. 2019-09-19. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
3. "Hydrostor is developing truly massive grid storage in watery caverns". *Canary Media*. 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
4. Butler, Colin (2019). "How an old Goderich salt mine could one day save you money on your hydro bill". *CBC News*.
5. "Canadian company requesting permits for new energy facility in San Luis Obispo County". *KSBY News*. 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2024-05-25.


title: Hydrotaea armipes

abstract: Hydrotaea armipes is a species of house flies, etc. in the family Muscidae. It is found in Europe.

text:
# Hydrotaea armipes

***Hydrotaea armipes*** is a species of house flies, etc. in the family Muscidae. It is found in Europe.

## InfoBox

| *Hydrotaea armipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Muscidae |
| Tribe: | Azeliini |
| Genus: | *Hydrotaea* |
| Species: | ***H. armipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hydrotaea armipes***<br>(Fallen, 1825) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anthomyia idyla*  Walker, 1849 * *Anthomyia occulta*  Meigen, 1826 * *Eriphia lata*  Walker, 1849 * *Musca armipes*  Fallen, 1825 | |


title: Hymenophyton flabellatum

abstract: Hymenophyton flabellatum is a species of the order Pallaviciniales (liverworts), one of perhaps several species in the genus Hymenophyton. It is a dendroid thalloid liverwort belongs to the family Hymenophytaceae and is commonly known as Fan liverwort. It is found in New Zealand, Chile, and common in wet forests of Australia and Tasmania. Hymenophyton flabellatum closely resembles with small filmy fern, Hymenophyllum and can be confused with the liverwort, Symphyogyna hymenophyllum.

text:
# Hymenophyton flabellatum

***Hymenophyton flabellatum*** is a species of the order Pallaviciniales (liverworts), one of perhaps several species in the genus *Hymenophyton*. It is a dendroid thalloid liverwort belongs to the family Hymenophytaceae and is commonly known as Fan liverwort. It is found in New Zealand, Chile, and common in wet forests of Australia and Tasmania. *Hymenophyton flabellatum* closely resembles with small filmy fern, *Hymenophyllum* and can be confused with the liverwort, *Symphyogyna hymenophyllum.*

## Description

*Hymenophyton flabellatum* is plagiotropic, branched rhizome-like axes with aerial shoots divided into upright stalks. Palmate fronds or flabellate are olive green, with forking, 5-6 times and forked thallus wings spreading out horizontally. Segments are flat, slightly undulate at borders, 0.8 to 1.2mm in wide. Segments with obtuse apex are limited in growth. Growing apex contains 1-celled marginal slime papillae Lamina cells are 35-49μm in length, 23-30μm wide, 23-35μm thickness. Marginal cells are short of 18-23 μm in length and 33-35μm in width. 3 to 4 or 5 to 6 male branches per frond which are lateral on stalk or nerve bifurcation. Female scale has toothed margin. Hymenophyton species produce spores and disperse through a spirally thickened, elongate structure called elaters.

The central strand of *Hymenophyton flabellatum* contains long and axially elongated water conducting cells with pointed ends. The mature water conducting cells lack living contents and thickened wall of water conducting cells possess oblique slit shaped depression. Adjacent cells connected through small perforations within the depression.

## Distribution and habitat

*Hymenophyton flabellatum* commonly found in New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, Chile in rain forest and wet forest. It grows on shaded wet soil, humus, and old logs in forest, and along rivers sides. Bush Blitz survey 2010 reported the prenece of *Hymenophyton flabellatum* in two locations, Seventeen Mile plain, Vale of Belvoir reserves, Tasmania. Additional report recorded the presence of this liverwort in Teepookana forest site in Tasmania, found on fallen portion of the old Huon pine tree.

## Phytochemicals

Apigenin 6,8-di-C-glycosides have been detected as characteristic chemical compounds in *Hymenophyton flabellatum.* Pungent-tasting chemical compound 1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-but-2(E)-en-1-one was isolated from ether extract of *Hymenophyton flabellatum. This chemical compound is responsible for the pungent taste of H. flabellatum upon chewing.*

## Insect relation

*Hymenophyton flabellatum* is act as a larval host, provide home and food for *Sabatinca chalcophanes.*

## InfoBox

| *Hymenophyton flabellatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Marchantiophyta |
| Class: | Jungermanniopsida |
| Order: | Pallaviciniales |
| Family: | Hymenophytaceae |
| Genus: | *Hymenophyton* |
| Species: | ***H. flabellatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hymenophyton flabellatum***<br>(Labill.) Dumort. ex Trevis | |
|


title: Northwest Library

abstract: The Northwest Library is a branch of the Multnomah County Library, in Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. The branch, which opened in 2001, offers the Multnomah County Library catalog of two million books, periodicals and other materials.

text:
# Northwest Library

The **Northwest Library** is a branch of the Multnomah County Library, in Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. The branch, which opened in 2001, offers the Multnomah County Library catalog of two million books, periodicals and other materials.

## History

The branch opened on October 30, 2001, and was the first new branch in the Multnomah County system since 1972. At 5,000 square feet (460 m2), the library is designed to accommodate 20,000 volumes. Located in Portland's most densely populated community, it was highly anticipated by neighbors. The building previously was home to the Harris Wine Cellar.

The new library was funded by a $113 million levy passed in 1998, which funded reconstruction or renovation of 12 of the system's 15 branches. As of May 2000, Multnomah County officials were considering one location between N.W. 22nd and 23rd avenues and N.W. Lovejoy Street, and another on N.W. 23rd Avenue and Thurman Street. Then-county commissioner Diane Linn worked with county officials to find the location. Including affordable housing in the mixed use design of the building was an important consideration. The Thurman Street location was ultimately selected. Another $77,000 was provided to the branch by the Library Foundation in November 2001, with the majority of that added to a permanent fund for the branch.

Architects for the renovation of the existing building were Holst Architecture for the exterior and Thomas Hacker and Associates for the interior. Northwest General Contractors was the contractor. Structural changes during the renovation included seismic upgrades and improved access for patrons with disabilities. Interior redesign added a meeting room, and the library was made Internet-ready.

## InfoBox

| Northwest Library | |
| --- | --- |
| Entrance to the branch | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Northwest Portland |
| Address | Corner of N.W. 23rd Avenue and N.W. Thurman Street |
| Town or city | Portland, Oregon |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 45°32′07″N 122°41′56″W / 45.535416°N 122.698949°W / 45.535416; -122.698949 |
| Opened | October 30, 2001 |
| Owner | Multnomah County Library |
| Technical details | |
| Floor area | 5,000 square feet (460 m2) |
| Renovating team | |
| Architect(s) | Holst Architecture (exterior) and Thomas Hacker and Associates (interior) |
| Website | |
| Northwest Library | |


abstract: November 11 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 13 All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 25 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For November 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 30.

text:
# November 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

November 11 \- Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar \- November 13

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on **November 25** by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on **October 30**.

## Saints

## Pre-Schism Western saints

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

* Athanasius Todoran, Basil Dumitru, Gregory Manu, and Basil Oichi.

### New martyrs and confessors

* New Hieromartyr Alexander Adrianov, priest of the Ekaterinburg Diocese (1918)
* New Hieromartyrs Constantine Uspensky, Vladimir Krasnovsky, Alexander Archangelsky, Matthew Aloin and Demetrius Rozanov, Priests (1937)
* New Hieromartyr Boris (1942)

## Other commemorations

* Virgin maiden Barbara (1900);
* Hieromonk Basil; Riassaphore-monks Trophimus and Therapontus (1993);
* the youth George (1994)
1. November 12/November 25. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
2. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Προφήτης Ἀχιᾶ.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
3. (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. *12 Νοεμβρίου.* ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
4. *Prophet Ahijah.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
5. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀρσάκιος ὁ Μάρτυρας.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
6. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Οἱ Ἅγιοι Ἀντώνιος, Ζεβίνας, Γερμανός, Νικηφόρος καὶ Μαραθῶ οἱ Μάρτυρες.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
7. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Μαρτῖνος.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
8. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Νεῖλος ὁ Ἀσκητὴς.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
9. *Venerable Nilus the Faster of Sinai.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
10. *The Roman Martyrology.* Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 349–350.
11. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Ἐλεήμονας Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Ἀλεξανδρείας.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
12. *St John the Merciful, Patriarch of Alexandria.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
13. November 12. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
14. November 25 / November 12. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
15. *RUSSIAN CHURCH OFFICIALLY ADDS SAINTS OF SPAIN, PORTUGAL TO LITURGICAL CALENDAR.* Orthodox Christianity. January 4, 2019.
16. Rev. Richard Stanton. *A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries.* London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 535–537.
17. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Λέων Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
18. *Blessed John “the Hairy” and Fool-For-Christ at Rostov.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
19. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Νεῖλος ὁ Μυροβλύτης.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
20. *Venerable Nilus the Myrrhgusher of Mt Athos.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
21. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Σάββας ὁ Νεομάρτυρας ὁ Σαμολαδᾶς ἐκ Νίγδης.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
22. Leonidas J. Papadopulos, Georgia Lizardos, et al (Transl.). *"New Martyr Savvas Nigdelis, the Samolada."* In: **New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke**. Seattle: St. Nectarios Press, 1985. p. 334.
23. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικόλας ὁ Νεομάρτυρας ἀπὸ την Ἐνορία τῶν Ἕξι Μαρμάρων.* 12 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
24. *RUSSIAN CHURCH CANONIZES THREE NEW MARTYRS AND ESTONIAN MONASTIC SAINT.* Orthodox Christianity. March 12, 2018.
25. (in Russian) 12 ноября по старому стилю / 25 ноября по новому стилю. Русская Православная Церковь - Православный церковный календарь на 2016 год.
26. *The Icon of the Mother of God, named the "Merciful" ("Kykkiotisa", "Milostivaya").* HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
27. *Icon of the Mother of God "the Merciful".* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
28. (in Greek) *Ανάμνηση Θαύματος Αγίου Σπυρίδωνα.* Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής.
29. The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). *St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004.* St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). pp. 84-85.

## Sources

**Greek Sources**

**Russian Sources**


abstract:
In enzymology, a hydroxyanthraquinone glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - UDP-glucose + an hydroxyanthraquinone ⇌ UDP + a glucosyloxyanthraquinone Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and hydroxyanthraquinone, whereas its two products are UDP and glucosyloxyanthraquinone. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:hydroxyanthraquinone O-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-anthraquinone glucosyltransferase, and anthraquinone-specific glucosyltransferase.

text:
# Hydroxyanthraquinone glucosyltransferase

In enzymology, a **hydroxyanthraquinone glucosyltransferase** (EC 2.4.1.181) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-glucose + an hydroxyanthraquinone $\rightleftharpoons $ UDP + a glucosyloxyanthraquinone

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and hydroxyanthraquinone, whereas its two products are UDP and glucosyloxyanthraquinone.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **UDP-glucose:hydroxyanthraquinone O-glucosyltransferase**. Other names in common use include **uridine diphosphoglucose-anthraquinone glucosyltransferase**, and **anthraquinone-specific glucosyltransferase**.

* Khouri HE, Ibrahim RK (1987). "Purification and some properties of five anthraquinone-specific glucosyltransferases from Cinchona succiruba cell suspension culture". *Phytochemistry*. **26** (9): 2531–2535. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83870-4.

## InfoBox

| hydroxyanthraquinone glucosyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.4.1.181 |
| CAS no. | 112198-78-4 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Hyperolius concolor

abstract: Hyperolius concolor, also known as the variable reed frog or Hallowell's sedge frog, is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It occurs in West and Middle Africa.

text:
# Hyperolius concolor

***Hyperolius concolor***, also known as the **variable reed frog** or **Hallowell's sedge frog**, is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It occurs in West and Middle Africa.

## Distribution

*Hyperolius concolor* is known from eastern Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, and western Cameroon (here listed from west to east).

## Taxonomy

*Hyperolius concolor* was described in 1884 by Edward Hallowell based on material collected from Liberia. A large number of species described in later years have been brought into synonymy with it. One subspecies, *Hyperolius concolor ibadanensis* Schiøtz, 1967 from Nigeria and Cameroon, is recognized, in addition to the nominotypical subspecies and one unnamed subspecies, the latter also from Nigeria and Cameroon.

## Description

*Hyperolius concolor* is a medium to large-sized member of its genus, with males measuring 24–31 mm (0.94–1.22 in) and females about 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is long and pointed. The pupil is horizontal. There are two colour phases. All juveniles and many mature males display phase "J", which is normally brownish to green in colour and shows paired light dorsolateral lines or an hourglass pattern. All females, and some males, develop into phase "F" prior to the first breeding season. This phase is often colourful and variable, with uniformly green dorsum, yellow ventrum, and no dark lateral pigmentation. Also intermediate forms are found.

Male advertisement call is a succession of brief, hard and non-melodic "clicks".

## Habitat and conservation

*Hyperolius concolor* occurs in forest clearings and degraded forest, and in cultivated land, secondary brush, and gallery forests in savanna; it avoids closed forest habitats. Breeding takes place in small (even putrid) pools and marshes. The eggs are laid on folded leaves above water; the tadpoles fall into the water and continue their development there.

It is an abundant species that is probably increasing because its habitat is increasing, even though it could locally suffer from habitat loss. It is sometimes found in the international pet trade, but not at levels that would pose a threat. It occurs in many protected areas.

## InfoBox

| *Hyperolius concolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hyperoliidae |
| Genus: | *Hyperolius* |
| Species: | ***H. concolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hyperolius concolor***
(Hallowell, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ixalus concolor* Hallowell, 1844 | |


title: Hyperbolic distribution

abstract: The hyperbolic distribution is a continuous probability distribution characterized by the logarithm of the probability density function being a hyperbola. Thus the distribution decreases exponentially, which is more slowly than the normal distribution. It is therefore suitable to model phenomena where numerically large values are more probable than is the case for the normal distribution. Examples are returns from financial assets and turbulent wind speeds. The hyperbolic distributions form a subclass of the generalised hyperbolic distributions. The origin of the distribution is the observation by Ralph Bagnold, published in his book The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (1941), that the logarithm of the histogram of the empirical size distribution of sand deposits tends to form a hyperbola. This observation was formalised mathematically by Ole Barndorff-Nielsen in a paper in 1977, where he also introduced the generalised hyperbolic distribution, using the fact the a hyperbolic distribution is a random mixture of normal distributions.

text:
# Hyperbolic distribution

The **hyperbolic distribution** is a continuous probability distribution characterized by the logarithm of the probability density function being a hyperbola. Thus the distribution decreases exponentially, which is more slowly than the normal distribution. It is therefore suitable to model phenomena where numerically large values are more probable than is the case for the normal distribution. Examples are returns from financial assets and turbulent wind speeds. The hyperbolic distributions form a subclass of the generalised hyperbolic distributions.

The origin of the distribution is the observation by Ralph Bagnold, published in his book *The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes* (1941), that the logarithm of the histogram of the empirical size distribution of sand deposits tends to form a hyperbola. This observation was formalised mathematically by Ole Barndorff-Nielsen in a paper in 1977, where he also introduced the generalised hyperbolic distribution, using the fact the a hyperbolic distribution is a random mixture of normal distributions.

1. Barndorff-Nielsen, Ole (1977). "Exponentially decreasing distributions for the logarithm of particle size". *Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences*. **353** (1674). The Royal Society: 401–409. doi:10.1098/rspa.1977.0041. JSTOR 79167.

## InfoBox

hyperbolic
| Parameters | $\mu $ location (real)
$\alpha $ (real)
$\beta $ asymmetry parameter (real)
$\delta $ scale parameter (real)
$\gamma ={\sqrt {\alpha ^{2}-\beta ^{2}}}$ | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Support | $x\in (-\infty ;+\infty )$ | | |
| PDF | $\frac {\gamma }{2\alpha \delta K\_{1}(\delta \gamma )}\\;e^{-\alpha {\sqrt {\delta ^{2}+(x-\mu )^{2}+\beta (x-\mu )}}}$

$K\_{\lambda }$ denotes a modified Bessel function of the second kind | | |
| Mean | $\mu +{\frac {\delta \beta K\_{2}(\delta \gamma )}{\gamma K\_{1}(\delta \gamma )}}$ | | |
| Mode | $\mu +{\frac {\delta \beta }{\gamma }}$ | | |
| Variance | $\frac {\delta K\_{2}(\delta \gamma )}{\gamma K\_{1}(\delta \gamma )}+{\frac {\beta ^{2}\delta ^{2}{\gamma ^{2}\left({\frac {K\_{3}(\delta \gamma )}{K\_{1}(\delta \gamma )}-{\frac {K\_{2}^{2}(\delta \gamma )}{K\_{1}^{2}(\delta \gamma )}\right)}}}}}$ | | |
| MGF | $\frac {e^{\mu z}\gamma K\_{1}(\delta {\sqrt {(\alpha ^{2}-(\beta +z)^{2})})}{{\sqrt {(\alpha ^{2}-(\beta +z)^{2})}K\_{1}(\delta \gamma )}}}$ | | |


title: Hyperbolic coordinates

abstract:
In mathematics, hyperbolic coordinates are a method of locating points in quadrant I of the Cartesian plane
  - {   :   x > 0,   y > 0   } = Q  :\ x>0,\ y>0\ \}=Q}. Hyperbolic coordinates take values in the hyperbolic plane defined as:
  - H P = { : u ∈ R, v > 0 }. These coordinates in HP are useful for studying logarithmic comparisons of direct proportion in Q and measuring deviations from direct proportion. For in Q take
  - u = ln  x y and
  - v = x y. The parameter u is the hyperbolic angle to and v is the geometric mean of x and y. The inverse mapping is
  - x = v e u, y = v e − u. The function Q → H P is a continuous mapping, but not an analytic function.

text:
# Hyperbolic coordinates

In mathematics, **hyperbolic coordinates** are a method of locating points in quadrant I of the Cartesian plane

$\\{(x,y)\ :\ x\>0,\ y\>0\ \\}=Q$.

Hyperbolic coordinates take values in the hyperbolic plane defined as:

$HP=\\{(u,v):u\in \mathbb {R} ,v\>0\\}$.

These coordinates in *HP* are useful for studying logarithmic comparisons of direct proportion in *Q* and measuring deviations from direct proportion.

For $(x,y)$ in $Q$ take

$$u=\ln {\sqrt {\frac {x}{y}}}$$

and

$v={\sqrt {xy}}$.

The parameter *u* is the hyperbolic angle to (*x, y*) and *v* is the geometric mean of *x* and *y*.

The inverse mapping is

$x=ve^{u},\quad y=ve^{-u}$.

The function $Q\rightarrow HP$ is a continuous mapping, but not an analytic function.

## Alternative quadrant metric

Since *HP* carries the metric space structure of the Poincaré half-plane model of hyperbolic geometry, the bijective correspondence $Q\leftrightarrow HP$ brings this structure to *Q*. It can be grasped using the notion of hyperbolic motions. Since geodesics in *HP* are semicircles with centers on the boundary, the geodesics in *Q* are obtained from the correspondence and turn out to be rays from the origin or petal-shaped curves leaving and re-entering the origin. And the hyperbolic motion of *HP* given by a left-right shift corresponds to a squeeze mapping applied to *Q*.

Since hyperbolas in *Q* correspond to lines parallel to the boundary of *HP*, they are horocycles in the metric geometry of *Q*.

If one only considers the Euclidean topology of the plane and the topology inherited by *Q*, then the lines bounding *Q* seem close to *Q*. Insight from the metric space *HP* shows that the open set *Q* has only the origin as boundary when viewed through the correspondence. Indeed, consider rays from the origin in *Q*, and their images, vertical rays from the boundary *R* of *HP*. Any point in *HP* is an infinite distance from the point *p* at the foot of the perpendicular to *R*, but a sequence of points on this perpendicular may tend in the direction of *p*. The corresponding sequence in *Q* tends along a ray toward the origin. The old Euclidean boundary of *Q* is no longer relevant.

## Applications in physical science

Fundamental physical variables are sometimes related by equations of the form *k* = *x y*. For instance, *V* = *I R* (Ohm's law), *P* = *V I* (electrical power), *P V* = *k T* (ideal gas law), and *f* λ = *v* (relation of wavelength, frequency, and velocity in the wave medium). When the *k* is constant, the other variables lie on a hyperbola, which is a horocycle in the appropriate *Q* quadrant.

For example, in thermodynamics the isothermal process explicitly follows the hyperbolic path and work can be interpreted as a hyperbolic angle change. Similarly, a given mass *M* of gas with changing volume will have variable density δ = *M / V*, and the ideal gas law may be written *P = k T* δ so that an isobaric process traces a hyperbola in the quadrant of absolute temperature and gas density.

For hyperbolic coordinates in the theory of relativity see the History section.

## Statistical applications

* Comparative study of population density in the quadrant begins with selecting a reference nation, region, or urban area whose population and area are taken as the point (1,1).
* Analysis of the elected representation of regions in a representative democracy begins with selection of a standard for comparison: a particular represented group, whose magnitude and slate magnitude (of representatives) stands at (1,1) in the quadrant.

## Economic applications

There are many natural applications of hyperbolic coordinates in economics:

* Analysis of currency exchange rate fluctuation:The unit currency sets $x=1$. The price currency corresponds to $y$. For $0\<y\<1$ we find $u\>0$, a positive hyperbolic angle. For a *fluctuation* take a new price $0\<z\<y.$ Then the change in *u* is: $\Delta u=\ln {\sqrt {\frac {y}{z}.}}$ Quantifying exchange rate fluctuation through hyperbolic angle provides an objective, symmetric, and consistent measure. The quantity $\Delta u$ is the length of the left-right shift in the hyperbolic motion view of the currency fluctuation.
* Analysis of inflation or deflation of prices of a basket of consumer goods.
* Quantification of change in marketshare in duopoly.
* Corporate stock splits versus stock buy-back.

## History

The geometric mean is an ancient concept, but hyperbolic angle was developed in this configuration by Gregoire de Saint-Vincent. He was attempting to perform quadrature with respect to the rectangular hyperbola *y* = 1/*x*. That challenge was a standing open problem since Archimedes performed the quadrature of the parabola. The curve passes through (1,1) where it is opposite the origin in a unit square. The other points on the curve can be viewed as rectangles having the same area as this square. Such a rectangle may be obtained by applying a squeeze mapping to the square. Another way to view these mappings is via hyperbolic sectors. Starting from (1,1) the hyperbolic sector of unit area ends at (e, 1/e), where  is 2.71828…, according to the development of Leonhard Euler in *Introduction to the Analysis of the Infinite* (1748).

Taking (e, 1/e) as the vertex of rectangle of unit area, and applying again the squeeze that made it from the unit square, yields $(e^{2},\ e^{-2}).$ Generally n squeezes yields $(e^{n},\ e^{-n}).$ A. A. de Sarasa noted a similar observation of G. de Saint Vincent, that as the abscissas increased in a geometric series, the sum of the areas against the hyperbola increased in arithmetic series, and this property corresponded to the **logarithm** already in use to reduce multiplications to additions. Euler’s work made the natural logarithm a standard mathematical tool, and elevated mathematics to the realm of transcendental functions. The hyperbolic coordinates are formed on the original picture of G. de Saint-Vincent, which provided the quadrature of the hyperbola, and transcended the limits of algebraic functions.

In 1875 Johann von Thünen published a theory of natural wages which used geometric mean of a subsistence wage and market value of the labor using the employer's capital.

In special relativity the focus is on the 3-dimensional hypersurface in the future of spacetime where various velocities arrive after a given proper time. Scott Walter explains that in November 1907 Hermann Minkowski alluded to a well-known three-dimensional hyperbolic geometry while speaking to the Göttingen Mathematical Society, but not to a four-dimensional one. In tribute to Wolfgang Rindler, the author of a standard introductory university-level textbook on relativity, hyperbolic coordinates of spacetime are called Rindler coordinates.

1. Henry Ludwell Moore (1895). *Von Thünen's Theory of Natural Wages*. G. H. Ellis.
2. Walter (1999) page 99
3. Walter (1999) page 100


title: Hurricane Bonnie (1992)

abstract: Hurricane Bonnie was a long-lived storm in the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the third tropical or subtropical storm and second hurricane of the 1992 season. Bonnie formed at high latitudes in the central Atlantic on September 17. Devoid of any real steering currents for much of its lifespan, it was nearly stationary for over a week in the central Atlantic Ocean. On September 27, it began to slowly track east and northeast towards the Azores. Just before becoming extratropical, it affected the Azores on September 30, although no damage was reported.

text:
# Hurricane Bonnie (1992)

**Hurricane Bonnie** was a long-lived storm in the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the third tropical or subtropical storm and second hurricane of the 1992 season. Bonnie formed at high latitudes in the central Atlantic on September 17. Devoid of any real steering currents for much of its lifespan, it was nearly stationary for over a week in the central Atlantic Ocean. On September 27, it began to slowly track east and northeast towards the Azores. Just before becoming extratropical, it affected the Azores on September 30, although no damage was reported.

## Meteorological history

The origins of the system was a cold front that moved off the U.S. East Coast on September 11. The front moved gradually off the coast and into the subtropical Atlantic Ocean before becoming stationary just east of Bermuda on September 15. Over the next two days, the cloud cover slowly detached itself from the front and form into a tropical low in its own right. On the afternoon of September 17, the system was organized enough to be declared Tropical Depression Four.

The depression organized steadily that evening and into the morning of September 18. Later that day, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bonnie and it began to move slowly to the northeast. Like most storms that develop in higher latitudes, Bonnie was embedded in a larger-scale cyclonic circulation at first, which minimized shear (allowing it to develop) and provided weak steering currents. The low shear allowed Bonnie to rapidly develop and a small but well-defined eye formed late that morning. The storm was upgraded to a hurricane later that day while meandering in the open ocean. The intensification rate slowed down after becoming a hurricane. In addition, Bonnie began to slowly move more to the northeast on September 19 as steering currents slowly developed. Bonnie strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale that morning as well, peaking at 105 mph (165 km/h) with a 970 mbar central pressure. The general track and intensity maintained itself throughout the day and into September 20, when the eye became less distinct and Bonnie weakened slightly, although remaining a Category 2 hurricane. Early on September 21, the eye became better defined once again and Bonnie restrengthened slightly while continuing its slow northeast motion. That afternoon, the storm gradually strengthened some more and reached its peak intensity of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a central pressure of 965 mbar, just under Category 3 intensity. Bonnie maintained its strength through the evening and into the early morning of September 22, when it began to weaken very gradually and level off. Bonnie also began to turn more eastward at that point before it became held up by a blocking mid-latitude ridge of high pressure, which stalled the motion.

Bonnie remained virtually stationary until the morning of September 23 when it drifted very slowly to the west-southwest in response to the ridge. It also began to gradually weaken as the low-level center became exposed and the storm became poorly organized. Convection also diminished, and on the afternoon of September 24, Bonnie was downgraded to a tropical storm as it drifted over cooler waters. Bonnie continued to lose most of its deep convection during the day on September 25 as it began to make a turn back around to the south. That evening, Bonnie was downgraded to a tropical depression.

The weakening trend ended early on September 26 and Bonnie regained tropical storm status that afternoon as deep convection re-established itself. Bonnie continued its change in direction, turning to the southeast at this point as it slowly redeveloped despite being in a high-shear environment. It had also briefly showed signs of becoming extratropical on September 27 as it made the turn to the northeast as a weak tropical storm, and was operationally declared extratropical at that point until the afternoon of September 28. During that period, Bonnie actually strengthened back into a high-end tropical storm. Bonnie roughly followed Hurricane Charley's path towards the Azores thereafter. The storm became entrenched in an environment with greater wind shear, although it only weakened slightly on September 29 as it accelerated towards the northeast. The storm crossed over the Azores on September 30 as a strong tropical storm with 65 mph (100 km/h) winds. After that, Bonnie quickly lost its tropical characteristics and was declared extratropical late that afternoon, just east of the Azores. The extratropical low drifted back to the southwest in a clockwise loop, actually approaching the Azores once again while dissipating. It dissipated on October 2.

## Impact

When Bonnie passed over the Azores only four days after Charley, it resulted in tropical storm-force winds across much of the island chain. Lajes Air Base reported sustained winds of 40 mph (64 km/h) with gusts to 59 mph (94 km/h). In addition, one man was killed by a rock fall on the island of São Miguel. No damage was reported in the Azores.

## InfoBox

Hurricane Bonnie
| Bonnie at peak intensity southeast of Nova Scotia on September 21 | |
| --- | --- |
| Meteorological history | |
| Formed | September 17, 1992 (1992-09-17) |
| Dissipated | September 30, 1992 (1992-10-01) |
| Category 2 hurricane | |
| *1-minute sustained* (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 110 mph (175 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 965 mbar (hPa); 28.50 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 1 indirect |
| Damage | Minimal |
| Areas affected | Azores |
| IBTrACS | |
| ---  Part of the **1992 Atlantic hurricane season** | |


title: Hypomecis formosana

abstract: Hypomecis formosana is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.

text:
# Hypomecis formosana

***Hypomecis formosana*** is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Hypomecis formosana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Hypomecis* |
| Species: | ***H. formosana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hypomecis formosana***<br>(Wileman, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Alcis formosana* Wileman, 1912 | |


title: Hypomecis adamata

abstract: Hypomecis adamata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Felder in 1874. It is found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Hypomecis adamata

***Hypomecis adamata*** is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Felder in 1874. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Hypomecis adamata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Hypomecis* |
| Species: | ***H. adamata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hypomecis adamata***<br>(Felder, 1874) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Boarmia adamata* Felder, 1874 | |


title: Novato Hamilton station

abstract: Novato Hamilton station is a Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit station in Novato, California. It opened to preview service on June 29, 2017; full commuter service commenced on August 25, 2017. It is located on the south side of the city near Hamilton Parkway, from which the station takes its name. This was one of two stations planned for Novato in the Initial Operating Segment of SMART service; a third in Downtown Novato opened in December 2019. The station was built just north of the former Ignacio station.

text:
# Novato Hamilton station

**Novato Hamilton station** is a Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit station in Novato, California. It opened to preview service on June 29, 2017; full commuter service commenced on August 25, 2017. It is located on the south side of the city near Hamilton Parkway, from which the station takes its name. This was one of two stations planned for Novato in the Initial Operating Segment of SMART service; a third in Downtown Novato opened in December 2019. The station was built just north of the former Ignacio station.

Media related to Novato Hamilton station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Novato Hamilton | |
| --- | --- |
| Novato Hamilton station in 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 10 Main Gate Road
Novato, California
United States |
| Coordinates | 38°03′23″N 122°31′26″W / 38.0563°N 122.5239°W / 38.0563; -122.5239 |
| Elevation | 37.9 ft (11.5 m) |
| Line(s) | SMART Mainline Subdivision |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 115 spaces |
| Bicycle facilities | 4 spaces |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | June 29, 2017 (2017-06-29) (preview service)
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25) (full service) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  SMART Following station  Novato Downtowntoward Sonoma County Airport  SMART  Marin Civic Centertoward Larkspur | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Nue

abstract: The Nue is a legendary yōkai or mononoke from Japanese mythology.

text:
# Nue

The **Nue** (鵺, 鵼, 恠鳥, or 奴延鳥) is a legendary yōkai or mononoke from Japanese mythology.

## Appearance

In the *Tale of Heike*, it is described as a Japanese chimera having the head of a monkey, the limbs of a tiger, the body of a Japanese raccoon dog, and the front half of a snake for a tail. In other writings nothing is stated about its torso, so it is sometimes depicted to have the torso of a tiger. The *Genpei Jōsuiki* describes it as having the back of a tiger, the limbs of a tanuki, the tail of a fox, the head of a cat, and the torso of a chicken.

It is said to make terribly eerie bird cry "hyoo hyoo" noises that resemble that of the scaly thrush. In the movie *Akuryōtō* (originally by Seishi Yokomizo), the catchphrase "nights where the nue cry are dreadful" refers to this fact. The nue is also said to have the ability of shape-shifting, often into the form of a black cloud that can fly. The yokai is also thought to be nocturnal as most of its sightings happen at night. Its name written in kanji translates to *night* and *bird*.

## History

The nue is thought to have started appearing in the late Heian period. For a more precise dating, different sources claim different periods, like the Emperor Nijō period, the Emperor Konoe period, the Emperor Go-Shirakawa period, or the Emperor Toba period.

The visual appearance may be a combination of the animals in the Sexagenary cycle, with a northeast Tiger, a southeast Snake, a southwest Monkey, and a northwest Qian (Dog and Wild Boar).

Originally, the nue were stated to be a bird that resembles the green pheasant, but their precise identity is unknown. The 夜 within the 鵺 character is phonetic component and thus does not carry a meaning with it. The character 鵼 (kou or kuu) is determined to be a kind of strange bird. Due to the use of Man'yōgana, the historical spelling is known to have been *nuye*. At this early time, although, it had a different semantic meaning. It referred to a bird known as White's thrush.

In Japan, they are considered a bird that makes cries at night, and the word can be seen in the *Kojiki* and the *Man'yōshū*. The owner of this crying voice was traditionally described as a yellow-red bird as big as a Columbidae, but nowadays there is the accepted theory that it is the scaly thrush. Since the people of the Heian Period regarded the sorrowful sounding voices of this bird as an ill omen, they were considered to be a wicked bird, and it is said that when the emperor or nobles heard its crying voice, they would make prayers that nothing disastrous would happen.

The monster in the *Heike Monogatari*, in the end, was merely "something that cries with the voice of a nue, its true nature unknown", and was not given a name. But nowadays, this particularly famous monster is usually identified as a "nue".

In a derived sense the word "nue" is also used to refer to entities of unknown true form.

The noh play *Nue*, by Zeami Motokiyo, based on the setsuwa, the Heike Monogatari. They are a regular feature of the Kiri-noh (fifth performance of a noh).

Nue-harai Matsuri ("Nue-warding festival")  a festival performed every year on January 28 at the Izunagaoka Onsen in Izunokuni, Shizuoka Prefecture. Among other things the *nue-odori* (nue-dance) and the *mochi-maki* (mochi-scattering) are performed.

At Osaka Harbor, the Nue is used as a motif in its emblem design. From the legend of Nuezuka, it was selected for its relation to Osaka bay.

## The slaying of the Nue

The *Heike Monogatari* and the *Settsu Meisho Zue* from the Settsu Province, tell the following tale of the killing of the Nue:

In the closing years of the Heian period, at the place where the emperor (Emperor Konoe) lived, the Seiryō-den, there appeared a cloud of black smoke along with an eerie resounding crying voice, making Emperor Nijō quite afraid. Subsequently, the emperor fell into illness, and neither medicine nor prayers had any effect.

A close associate remembered Minamoto no Yoshiie using an arrow to put a stop to the mystery case of some bird's cry, and he gave the order to a master of arrows, Minamoto no Yorimasa, to slay the monster.

One night, Yorimasa went out to slay the monster with his servant Ino Hayata (written as 猪早太 or 井早太), and an arrow made from an arrowhead he had inherited from his ancestor Minamoto no Yorimitsu and the tailfeathers of a mountain bird. An uncanny black smoke started to cover the Seiryō-den. Yorimasa shot his arrow into it, there was a shriek, and a nue fell down around the northern parts of Nijō Castle. Instantly Ino Hayata seized it and finished it off.

In the skies above the imperial court, two or three cries of the common cuckoo could be heard, and it is thus said that peace had returned. After this, the emperor's health instantly recovered, and Yorimasa was given the sword *Shishiō* as a reward.

## The Nue's remains

There are several accounts of what was done to the nue's corpse. According to some legends, like the *Heike Monogatari*, as the people in Kyoto were fearful of the curse of the nue, they put its corpse in a boat and floated it down the Kamo River. After the boat floated down the Yodo River and temporarily drifted upon the shore of Higashinari County, Osaka, it then floated into the sea and washed up on the shore between Ashiya River and Sumiyoshi River. It is said that the people in Ashiya courteously gave the corpse a burial service, and built a commemorating mound over its tomb, the *Nuezuka*. The *Settsu Meisho Zue* states that "the Nuezuka is between Ashiya River and Sumiyoshi River."

According to the *Ashiwake bune*, a geography book from the Edo period, a nue drifted down and washed ashore on the Yodo River, and when the villagers, fearful of a curse, notified the head priest of Boon-ji about it, it was courteously mourned over, buried, and had a mound built for it. It is further said that as the mound was torn down at the beginning of the Meiji period, the vengeful spirit of the nue started tormenting the people who lived nearby, and so the mound was hastily rebuilt.

According to the *Genpei Seisuiki* and the *Kandenjihitsu* the nue was said to be buried at the Kiyomizu-dera in Kyoto Prefecture, and it is said that a curse resulted from digging it up in the Edo period.

Another legend relates the spirit of the dead nue turning into a horse, which was raised by Yorimasa and named Kinoshita. As this horse was a good horse, it was stolen by Taira no Munemori, so Yorimasa raised an army against the Taira family. As this resulted in Yorimasa's ruin, it is said that the nue had taken its revenge in this way.

Another legend says that the nue's corpse fell in the western part of Lake Hamana in Shizuoka Prefecture, and the legend of the names of places in Mikkabi of Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu, such as Nueshiro, Dozaki ("torso"-zaki), Hanehira ("wing"-hira), and Ona ("tail"-na) come from the legend that the nue's head, torso, wings, and tail respectively fell in those locations.

In Kumakōgen, Kamiukena District, Ehime Prefecture, there is the legend that the true identity of the nue is Yorimasa's mother. In the past, in the era when the Taira clan was at its peak, Yorimasa's mother lived in hiding in this place that was her home land, and at a pond called Azoga-ike within a mountains region, she prayed to the guardian dragon of the pond for her son's good fortune in battle and the revival of the Genji (Minamoto clan), and thus the mother's body turned into that of a nue due to this prayer and hatred against the Taira family, and then she flew towards Kyoto. The nue, who represented the mother, upon making the emperor ill, thus had her own son, Yorimasa, accomplish something triumphant by being slayed by him. The nue that was pierced by Yorimasa's arrow then came back to Azoga-ike and became the guardian of the pond, but lost her life due to wounds from the arrow.

## Landmarks

The mound where the nue that floated down the river in the *Heike Monogatari* was buried. The name of a nearby bridge, the Nuezuka-bashi originated from this Nuezuka. The mound where the nue that floated down Yado river in the *Ashiwakebune* was buried. The present mound was, as previously described, repaired in 1870 by Osaka Prefecture, and the small shrine was repaired in 1957 by the locals. Near the athletic field at Okazaki park. It is unknown how this is related to the legend of how the nue was buried at the Kiyomizu-deru in Kyoto. A pond at Nijō park, Chikara Town, Kamigyō-ku to the northwest of Nijō Castle. It is said that in this pond Yorimasa washed the blood-smeared arrow that went through the nue and killed it. Presently, the remains of this pond has been remodeled into a water garden. * Shinmei-jinja

Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto. It is said that Yorimasa made a prayer here before killing the nue and subsequently donated the head of the lethal arrow as thanks. The arrowhead is kept as the treasure of the shrine. A photo is permanently exhibited, with the actual arrowhead shown to the public during an annual festival in September. * Yane-jizō

Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture. When Yorimasa prepared to kill the nue, he offered a prayer to his proctive god, Jizō Bodhisattva. Jizō promptly appeared in his dream and instructed him to make an arrow with the feathers of swans at Mt. Tori in Yada. Related to this legend, Jizō has the appearance of holding an arrowhead, but it is usually not exhibited to the public. * Chōmyō-ji

Nishiwaki, Hyōgo Prefecture. This land was originally the territory of Yorimasa. The temple features a statue of Yorimasa killing the nue. The nearby bamboo grove *Ya-takeyabu* (lit. "arrow bamboo grove") is said to be the place where Yorimasa picked the bamboo used for the lethal arrow.

Other than these, in Beppu, Ōita Prefecture, it is said that there was a mummy of the nue in a theme park, the "Monster House (Kaibutsu-kan)" at the Hachiman Jigoku (one of the no-longer presently existing hot springs at the Hells of Beppu), and it was also said to be a precious treasure without parallel, but this theme park no longer presently exists, and the mummy's present whereabouts are unclear.


title: Hymenoxys brandegeei

abstract: Hymenoxys brandegeei is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Brandegee's four-nerve daisy, Brandegee's rubberweed or western bitterweed. It is native to the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico in the southwestern United States. Hymenoxys brandegeei grows at elevations of 2,800–4,100 meters (9,200–13,500 ft) in the mountains, often above timber line. It is a perennial herb up to 24 cm (9.4 in) tall. One plant generally produces one flower head per stem, up to 10 per plant. Each head has 14–23ray flowers and 150–250 disc flowers. The oldest available name for this plant is Actinella grandiflora var. glabrata, coined in 1874. In elevating the taxon to species status, Asa Gray opted to forgo the common but not mandatory custom of using the varietal epithet as a species epithet. He chose instead to call the species Actinella brandegei.

text:
# Hymenoxys brandegeei

***Hymenoxys brandegeei*** is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names **Brandegee's four-nerve daisy**, **Brandegee's rubberweed** or **western bitterweed**. It is native to the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico in the southwestern United States.

*Hymenoxys brandegeei* grows at elevations of 2,800–4,100 meters (9,200–13,500 ft) in the mountains, often above timber line. It is a perennial herb up to 24 cm (9.4 in) tall. One plant generally produces one flower head per stem, up to 10 per plant. Each head has 14–23ray flowers and 150–250 disc flowers.

The oldest available name for this plant is *Actinella grandiflora* var. *glabrata*, coined in 1874. In elevating the taxon to species status, Asa Gray opted to forgo the common but not mandatory custom of using the varietal epithet as a species epithet. He chose instead to call the species *Actinella brandegei*.

## InfoBox

| *Hymenoxys brandegeei* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Hymenoxys* |
| Species: | ***H. brandegeei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hymenoxys brandegeei***
(Porter ex A.Gray) K.F.Parker 1950 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Synonymy * *Hymenoxys brandegei* * *Actinea brandegeei* (Porter ex A.Gray) Kuntze * *Actinea brandegei* (Porter ex A.Gray) Kuntze * *Actinella brandegeei* Porter ex A.Gray * *Actinella brandegei* Porter ex A.Gray * *Actinella grandiflora* var. *glabrata* Porter 1874 * *Rydbergia brandegei* (Porter ex A.Gray) Rydb. * *Rydbergia brandegeei* (Porter ex A.Gray) Rydb. * *Rydbergia glabrata* (Porter) Greene * *Tetraneuris brandegeei* (Porter ex A.Gray) K.F.Parker * *Tetraneuris brandegei* (Porter ex A.Gray) K.F.Parker | |


title: Norton Grange

abstract: Norton Grange is a country house near Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight.

text:
# Norton Grange

**Norton Grange** is a country house near Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight.

## History

The house, which dates back to 1760 and was formerly known as Norton Lodge, was acquired by Rear Admiral Graham Hamond in the first half of the 19th century. It remained in the hands of the Græme-Hamond family until 1901 and then between the wars, as the Norton Chalet Hotel, it was owned by the Yelland family. During the Second World War, as HMS *Manatee*, it was a combined operations shore establishment used for the training of officers and ratings in the use of landing craft. It was acquired by Warner Leisure Hotels in 1966.

50°42′22″N 1°30′49″W / 50.70600°N 1.51348°W / 50.70600; -1.51348


title: Noviodunum ad Istrum

abstract: Noviodunum ad Istrum was a Roman city that developed around the legionary fortress and naval port near the present town of Isaccea. It was in the Roman province of Moesia and was the headquarters of the Roman Danube fleet located on the lower Danube and, from the 4th century AD, the headquarters of the Legio I Iovia (Scythica). From 46 AD the fortress was part of the Moesian Limes frontier defensive system on the Danube. In Late Antiquity the Imperial Road from Marcianopolis ended here.

text:
# Noviodunum ad Istrum

**Noviodunum ad Istrum** was a Roman city that developed around the legionary fortress and naval port near the present town of Isaccea. It was in the Roman province of Moesia and was the headquarters of the Roman Danube fleet (Classis Flavia Moesica) located on the lower Danube and, from the 4th century AD, the headquarters of the Legio I Iovia (Scythica).

From 46 AD the fortress was part of the Moesian Limes frontier defensive system on the Danube. In Late Antiquity the Imperial Road from Marcianopolis ended here.

## History

Noviodunum passed under Roman control with the annexation of Thrace in 46 AD and then being attached to the Roman province of Moesia.

The strategic position of the fort allowed the Romans to supervise and control the border of the entire Moesian Limes along this section of the Danube.

It became the main port of *Classis Flavia Moesica* and a military centre of the region under Domitian, and after the conquest of Dacia by Trajan. Some *vexillationes* of *Legio V Macedonica* were detached here, at least until the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Then followed *vexillationes* of Legio I Italica.

The civil settlement became a *municipium* during the late second century.

It was probably destroyed during the second half of the 3rd century during the period of heavy invasions of Goths and Heruli. Under Diocletian (r.284–305), *Legio I Iovia* was created and based here.

It was rebuilt during the reign of Constantine the Great (after 324) during the military campaigns and placed under the command of the *Dux Scythiae*.

In 369 Emperor Valens crossed the Danube from Noviodunum and fought the Battle of Noviodunum against Athanaric and the Tervingi, in which Valens was victorious and took the title *Gothicus Maximus*.

Between 434 and 441 the city with its naval base was occupied by the Huns and then went back under Roman rule to be part of the Byzantine Empire.

The city survived until the 7th century.

The area has been subject to recent excavations, which have highlighted its importance.

## The site

The area enclosed by walls is about 9 ha divided into two distinct enclosures, at least before the 4th century, consiting of the headquarters of the Danube Fleet, and the walled city from the late 2nd century. A second civil settlement of at least 7 ha depending on the military garrison would be inside the three huge earth ramparts.

In the 1990s three towers on the southern curtain wall were revealed; a fan shaped tower on the corner, a U shaped tower and the Large Tower, one of the largest towers ever built by the Romans. These towers connected by the curtain, almost 3 m wide, extend for 80 m.

* Barnea, Ion. *Dinogetia et Noviodunum, deux villes byzantines du Bas-Danube* RESEE, 9, 1971, 3, 343-362.
* Baumann, Victor Henrich. Atti del IV Convegno di Studi italo-romeno, Bari, 2004, 113-132
* Golvin, Jean Claude. *I Romani e il Mediterraneo*. Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. Roma, 2008. ISBN 978-88-240-1142-6
* Reddé, Michael. *Mare nostrum - les infrastructures, le dispositif et l'histoire de la marine militaire sous l'empire romain*. Ecole Française de Rome. Parigi, 1986. ISBN 978-2-7283-0114-0
* Saddington, Denis B.. *Classes. The Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets* in Paul Erdkamp (a cura di), "A Companion to the Roman Army", Blackwell Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4051-2153-8
* Starr, Chester G.. *The Roman Imperial Navy: 31 B.C.-A.D. 324*. 2nd. edition. Cornell University Press, 1960. ISBN 978-0-89005-544-1

## InfoBox

| Noviodunum | |
| --- | --- |
| Wall section of the fort. | |
| Location within Romania | |
| Alternative name(s) | Noviodunum ad Istrum |
| Known also as | Castra of Isaccea |
| Attested by |  |
| Place in the Roman world | |
| Province | Moesia |
| Administrative unit | Moesia Inferior |
| Directly connected to |  |
| Structure | |
| — Stone structure — | |
| Stationed military units | |
| Legions | |
|  | |
| Classis | |
| Moesica | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 45°16′12″N 28°29′30″E / 45.27000°N 28.49167°E / 45.27000; 28.49167 |
| Place name | La pontonul vechi |
| Town | Isaccea |
| County | Tulcea |
| Country | Romania |
| Reference | |
| RO-LMI | TL-I-s-A-05804 |
| RO-RAN | 159696.05 |
| Site notes | |
| Recognition | National Historical Monument |
| Discovery year | 1955 |
| Condition | Ruined |
| Website | www.noviodunum.ro |


title: Hypomyces orthosporus

abstract: Hypomyces orthosporus is a species of fungus belonging to the family Hypocreaceae. It is native to Europe and Northern America.

text:
# Hypomyces orthosporus

***Hypomyces orthosporus*** is a species of fungus belonging to the family Hypocreaceae.

It is native to Europe and Northern America.

## InfoBox

| *Hypomyces orthosporus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Hypocreaceae |
| Genus: | *Hypomyces* |
| Species: | ***H. orthosporus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hypomyces orthosporus***<br>K.Põldmaa | |
|


abstract: Hypomyelination-congenital cataract syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder that affects the brain's white matter and is characterized by congenital cataract, psychomotor development delays, and moderate intellectual disabilities. It is a type of leukoencephalopathy.

text:
# Hypomyelination-congenital cataract syndrome

**Hypomyelination-congenital cataract syndrome** is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder that affects the brain's white matter and is characterized by congenital cataract (or cataracts that begin in the first two months of life), psychomotor development delays, and moderate intellectual disabilities. It is a type of leukoencephalopathy.

## Signs and symptoms

Children with this condition are born with congenital cataract (or they have an early-onset cataract which presents before two months of life). These cataracts are caused by hypomyelination, which is the body's inability of producing nerve fiber myelin.

Development is normal for kids with this condition until the age of 1 year of life, when development and learning start slowing down, although they can learn how to walk.

Other symptoms such as intellectual disabilities, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, ataxia, spasticity, trunk hypotonia, hyperreflexia, tremors, and difficulties with speech are also seen in patients.

## Complications

Due to the hypomyelination mentioned beforehand, individuals with this condition start losing sensation in their arms and legs, something which is known medically as peripheral neuropathy.

Although walking can be achieved by the age of 1, it can be impaired later in life due to a progressive scoliosis and muscle weakness with accompanying muscle atrophy which are often seen in patients with the condition.

Congenital cataract results in visual impairment.

## Genetics

This condition is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the FAM126A gene, located in chromosome 7. These mutations can either be deletions, loss-of-function, or be caused by amino acid substitutions.

These mutations prevent FAM126 from making hyccin, this absence of hyccin is what causes the impaired ability of producing myelin in individuals with this condition.

Other mutations involved in hypomyelination-congenital cataract syndrome actually allow the production of a reasonable amount of hyccin, individuals with this kind of mutations don't experience peripheral neuropathy and they keep the ability of walking for a longer period of time than those who have the more common loss-of-function FAM126A mutations.

## Management

The walking impairments can be managed with physical support.

The congenital catact can be managed with intraocular lens corrective surgery, after this surgery, contact lenses can be used for the child to be able to see correctly.

## Prevalence

According to OMIM, 24 cases from 13 families in Turkey and Italy have been described in medical literature.

## InfoBox

| Hypomyelination-congenital cataract syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | HCC |
|  | |
| Specialty | Medical genetics |
| Prevention | None |
| Prognosis | Medium |
| Frequency | rare, only 24 cases have been described in medical literature |
| Deaths | - |


title: Hyperochtha butyropa

abstract: Hyperochtha butyropa is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found in Sri Lanka. The wingspan is 14–17 mm. The forewings are rather dark purplish fuscous with the basal area darker purplish fuscous, its margin formed by an irregular line from two-fifths of the costa to two-thirds of the dorsum. The stigmata are cloudy, blackish and indistinct, the first discal lying on the edge of this patch and the plical rather obliquely before it. There is a pale ochreous-yellowish dot on the costa at five-sixths. The hindwings are pale grey.

text:
# Hyperochtha butyropa

***Hyperochtha butyropa*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found in Sri Lanka.

The wingspan is 14–17 mm. The forewings are rather dark purplish fuscous with the basal area darker purplish fuscous, its margin formed by an irregular line from two-fifths of the costa to two-thirds of the dorsum. The stigmata are cloudy, blackish and indistinct, the first discal lying on the edge of this patch and the plical rather obliquely before it. There is a pale ochreous-yellowish dot on the costa at five-sixths. The hindwings are pale grey.

## InfoBox

| *Hyperochtha butyropa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Hyperochtha* |
| Species: | ***H. butyropa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hyperochtha butyropa***<br>(Meyrick, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Onebala butyropa* Meyrick, 1910 | |


title: Hurşit Tolon

abstract: Ahmet Hurşit Tolon is a retired Turkish general who served as the Commander of the First Army of Turkey from 2004 to 2005. In August 2013 he was sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment as part of the Ergenekon trials.

text:
# Hurşit Tolon

**Ahmet Hurşit Tolon** (born 3 August 1942) is a retired Turkish general who served as the Commander of the First Army of Turkey from 2004 to 2005. In August 2013 he was sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment as part of the Ergenekon trials.

## Military career

He was promoted to brigadier general in 1989. As a brigadier-general he was Chief of General Staff General Secretariat and Commander 28 Motorised Infantry Brigade. In 1993 he was promoted to the rank of Major General. Chief of General Staff General Secretariat in this rank, he served as Vice Commander of the Gendarmerie Public Order Corps Commander and Deputy Commander 7th Corps. In 1997, he was promoted to lieutenant general. He was Commander 15th Corps and General Staff Logistics President while at this rank.

Tolon is accused of establishing the *National Strategies and Operations Department of Turkey* (TUSHAD) in 1993 on instructions from Ergenekon, while Tolon was serving as secretary-general of the General Staff of Turkey. Prosecutors allege that TUSHAD carried out the Zirve Publishing House massacre in 2007. TUSHAD is also said to have worked with the Turkish Gendarmerie's JİTEM intelligence unit. The Zirve murders are claimed to be part of the "Cage Action Plan", which is being prosecuted in the Poyrazköy case of the Ergenekon trials.

Tolon is said to have attended meetings of Semih Tufan Gülaltay's National Unity Party.

Tolon graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1962 and the Kara Harp Akademisi in 1978.

## InfoBox

| Hurşit Tolon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Commander of the First Army of Turkey | |
| **In office**
20 August 2004  19 August 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Yaşar Büyükanıt |
| Succeeded by | İlker Başbuğ |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ahmet Hurşit Tolon
(1942-08-03) 3 August 1942
Istanbul, Turkey |
| Spouse | Ayla Tolon |
| Children | 1 |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Turkish Army |
| Years of service | 1962–2005 |
| Rank | General |
|  | |


title: Hyposmocoma liturata

abstract: Hyposmocoma liturata is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Hawaii. The type locality is Kona, where it was collected at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m). The larvae probably feed on lichen on rocks and on Pipturus. The larvae make lichen-covered cases.

text:
# Hyposmocoma liturata

***Hyposmocoma liturata*** is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Hawaii. The type locality is Kona, where it was collected at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m).

The larvae probably feed on lichen on rocks and on *Pipturus*. The larvae make lichen-covered cases.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. **9** Microlepidoptera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. hdl:10125/7338.

## InfoBox

| *Hyposmocoma liturata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustrations in *Fauna Hawaiiensis*: 15. *Hyposmocoma liturata*, 16. *Hyposmocoma mimica*, 17. *Hyposmocoma parda*, 18. *Hyposmocoma lixiviella*, 19. *Hyposmocoma saliaris*, 20. *Hyposmocoma phalacra*, 21. *Hyposmocoma pseudolita*, 22. *Hyposmocoma irregularis*, 23. *Hyposmocoma fervida*, 24. *Hyposmocoma torella*, 25. *Hyposmocoma arenella*, 26. *Hyposmocoma nebulifera*, 27. *Hyposmocoma rubescens*, 28. *Hyposmocoma scolopax* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cosmopterigidae |
| Genus: | *Hyposmocoma* |
| Species: | ***H. liturata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hyposmocoma liturata***<br>Walsingham, 1907 | |
|


title: Hydrocortamate

abstract: Hydrocortamate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is used topically to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.

text:
# Hydrocortamate

**Hydrocortamate** (brand names **Magnacort**, **Ulcortis**) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is used topically to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.

## InfoBox

Hydrocortamate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Magnacort, Ulcort |
| Other names | 11β,17α-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-yl N,N-diethylglycinate |
| Routes of
administration | Topical |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Excretion | Hepatic |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * \[2-(11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15, 16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta\[a\]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl\]
2-(diethylamino)acetate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| PubChem SID |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.877 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C27H41NO6 |
| Molar mass | 475.626 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * \[H\]\[C@@\]12CCC3=CC(=O)CC\[C@\]3(C)\[C@@\]1(\[H\])\[C@@H\](O)C\[C@@\]1(C)\[C@@\]2(\[H\])CC\[C@\]1(O)C(=O)COC(=O)CN(CC)CC | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C27H41NO6/c1-5-28(6-2)15-23(32)34-16-22(31)27(33)12-10-20-19-8- 7-17-13-18(29)9-11-25(17,3)24(19)21(30)14-26(20,27)4/h13,19-21,24,30,
33H,5-12,14-16H2,1-4H3 * Key:FWFVLWGEFDIZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: Nur für dich

abstract: Nur für dich is the seventeenth studio album released by German Schlager group Die Flippers. The album brought the group their first Goldene Stimmgabel, one of the largest German music awards. It also won Gold certification in Germany. It was the group's last album on Bellaphon Records.

text:
# Nur für dich

***Nur für dich*** (*Only For You*) is the seventeenth studio album released by German Schlager group Die Flippers. The album brought the group their first Goldene Stimmgabel, one of the largest German music awards. It also won Gold certification in Germany. It was the group's last album on Bellaphon Records.

## Track listing

1. "Summer-Lady"
2. "Elisa"
3. "Solan'es Deine Liebe gibt" (As Long As Your Love Exists)
4. "Acapulco"
5. "Die schönsten Träume" (The Most Beautiful Dreams)
6. "Bella, bella Felicita"
7. "St. Tropez"
8. "Maria Angela"
9. "Wir stehen am Anfang" (We're Standing At the Beginning)
10. "Ich brauch Dich" (I Need You)
11. "Mitternacht in Trinidad" (Midnight in Trinidad)
12. "Manche Nacht geht nie vorüber" (Some Nights Never End)

## InfoBox

| Nur für dich | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Die Flippers | |
| Released | 1988 |
| Genre | Schlager |
| Label | Bellaphon |
| Die Flippers chronology | |
| *Weihnachten mit den Flippers*
(1987) ***Nur für dich***
(1988) *Liebe ist ...*
(1989) | |


title: Hypomeces rusticus

abstract: Hypomeces rusticus is a species of the true weevil family.

text:
# Hypomeces rusticus

***Hypomeces rusticus*** is a species of the true weevil family.

## Description

*Hypomeces rusticus* can reach a length of about 15 millimetres (0.59 in). This species has an intense yellow pubescence all over the body. It is a polyphagous weevil feeding on the leaves of a wide variety of plants.

## Distribution

This species can be found in East India, Thailand, Laos, Java and Timor.

## InfoBox

| *Hypomeces rusticus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Hypomeces rusticus* from Timor. Mounted specimen | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Subfamily: | Entiminae |
| Tribe: | Tanymecini |
| Subtribe: | Piazomiina |
| Genus: | *Hypomeces* |
| Species: | ***H. rusticus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hypomeces rusticus***<br>Schoenherr, 1840 | |
|


title: Hydropionea fenestralis

abstract: Hydropionea fenestralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Arizona and Mississippi. It is also found in Durango, Mexico. The habitat consists of mountain regions and alpine pine forests. The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm. Adults are on wing from May to October.

text:
# Hydropionea fenestralis

***Hydropionea fenestralis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Arizona and Mississippi. It is also found in Durango, Mexico. The habitat consists of mountain regions and alpine pine forests.

The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm. Adults are on wing from May to October.

## InfoBox

| *Hydropionea fenestralis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Hydropionea* |
| Species: | ***H. fenestralis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hydropionea fenestralis***<br>(Barnes & McDunnough, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Diasemia fenestralis* Barnes & McDunnough, 1914 * *Clupeosoma fenestralis* | |


title: Nurunnabi Chowdhury

abstract: Nurunnabi Chowdhury is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Bhola-3 constituency.

text:
# Nurunnabi Chowdhury

**Nurunnabi Chowdhury** (born 1 December 1968) is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Bhola-3 constituency.

## Education

Chowdhury completed his BBA and MBA degrees.

## Career

Bangladesh Awami League candidate Jashimuddin was elected to parliament for Bhola-3 in the 2008 Bangladeshi general election. The seat was vacated in 2010 as the result of a Supreme Court ruling. A by-election was called for Bhola-3, which was won by Awami League candidate Chowdhury on 29 April 2010, against Major Hafizuddin Ahmed of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.

Chowdhury was re-elected in 2014, 2018 and 2024 as the MP of Bhola-3.

## Controversy

On 13 August 2010, Ibrahim Ahmed, a local Jubo League leader, had died after being shot with a gun belonging to Chowdhury. Chowdhury's driver Kala filed an unnatural death case with the police and claimed Ibrahim accidentally shot himself while handling the gun in the MP's car. The Detective Branch of the police suspected foul play. On 19 August 2010, Ibrahim's brother filed a murder case against Chowdhury and 17 others with a court in Dhaka. On 12 January 2012, the Criminal Investigation Department pressed murder charges against six. The accused included Chowhury's driver, bodyguard, personal secretary, and three members of the Jubo League, but excluded Nurunnabi Chowdhury.

## InfoBox

| Nurunnabi Chowdhury Shaon | |
| --- | --- |
| নুরুন্নবী চৌধুরী শাওন | |
|  | |
| Member of the Bangladesh Parliament
for Bhola-3 | |
| **In office**
29 April 2010  6 August 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Mohammad Jashimuddin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-12-01) 1 December 1968 |
| Nationality | Bangladeshi |
| Political party | Bangladesh Awami League |
| Website | nurunnabichowdhuryshawon.com |
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