title: Formulary apportionment

abstract: Formulary apportionment, also known as unitary taxation, is a method of splitting the total pre-tax profit earned by a multinational between the tax jurisdictions where it does business. It is an alternative to separate entity accounting, under which a branch or subsidiary within the jurisdiction is accounted for as a separate entity, requiring prices for transactions with other parts of the corporation or group to be assigned according to the arm's length standard commonly used in transfer pricing. In contrast, formulary apportionment attributes a portion of a multinational's total worldwide profit to each jurisdiction, based on factors such as the proportion of sales, assets or payroll in that jurisdiction. When applied to a corporate group, formulary apportionment requires combined reporting of the group's results. The parent and all of its subsidiaries are viewed as though they were a single entity, and the method is then also known as worldwide unitary taxation. In the US, most states have adopted water's edge combined reporting which restricts the taxable group to just US domestic corporations and excludes "overseas business organization", i.e., unitary foreign affiliates and foreign parents.

text:
# Formulary apportionment

**Formulary apportionment**, also known as **unitary taxation**, is a method of splitting the total pre-tax profit earned (or loss incurred) by a multinational between the tax jurisdictions where it does business. It is an alternative to separate entity accounting, under which a branch or subsidiary within the jurisdiction is accounted for as a separate entity, requiring prices for transactions with other parts of the corporation or group to be assigned according to the arm's length standard commonly used in transfer pricing. In contrast, formulary apportionment attributes a portion of a multinational's total worldwide profit (or loss) to each jurisdiction, based on factors such as the proportion of sales, assets or payroll in that jurisdiction.

When applied to a corporate group, formulary apportionment requires combined reporting of the group's results. The parent and all of its subsidiaries are viewed as though they were a single entity (*unitary combination*), and the method is then also known as *worldwide unitary taxation*. In the US, most states have adopted water's edge combined reporting which restricts the taxable group to just US domestic corporations and excludes "overseas business organization", i.e., unitary foreign affiliates and foreign parents.

## In North America taxation

Formulary methods are used in both the United States and Canada to apportion income of corporations between the states or provinces in which they operate. However, trade between the United States and Canada is not covered, thus requiring transfer prices, leading to increased compliance costs for the corporation. Tax in each US state and Canadian province is thus assessed based on the unitary combination of all related entities. The related entities included in the unitary combination may be worldwide entities or only entities within the United States, depending on the state. The latter is known as water's edge combined reporting.

Worldwide unitary combined reporting was first approved by the US Supreme Court in 1983 in Container Corp. v. Franchise Tax Board (CA) by a vote of 5-3 (Justice Stevens did not participate). The court re-visited worldwide combined reporting in 1994 in Barclays Bank v. Franchise Tax Board (CA) and Colgate-Palmolive v. Franchise Tax Board (CA) and again approved its use by California but this time by larger majorities. The votes were 7-2 and 9-0, respectively. However, as a result of foreign retaliatory legislation and pressure from the federal government, all states have now abandoned mandatory worldwide combined reporting.

The use of formulary apportionment in the United States dates back to the late 19th century. At that time, there was no state or federal corporate income tax, but the states did assess property and capital stock taxes. With the growth of the transcontinental railroads, state taxation authorities faced companies which had not just immovable property (tracks) but also non-trivial movable property (rolling stock) operating across state lines. The property value of a US company assessable to state tax was thus assessed by examining the proportion of railway lines within the state, and then taking that proportion of the company's total value (including the movable property) as the portion of value located within a certain state. When Wisconsin adopted a state income tax in 1911, it also used formulary apportionment (based on property, cost of manufacture, and sales), pointing to the impracticality of otherwise calculating separate accounts for a US company operating in multiple states.

By the mid-20th century, the "Massachusetts Formula" had become a commonly used standard of formulary apportionment. The formula placed an equal weight on three factors: group sales, payroll, and property within each jurisdiction. Out of the forty-four states (plus one more jurisdiction, the District of Columbia) which imposed a corporate income tax in 1978, all but Iowa used the Massachusetts Formula. Iowa's formula ignored payroll and property, looking solely at sales; the constitutionality of this formula was challenged in the *Moorman* case in Iowa, and it was held invalid by a trial court under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as well as the Commerce Clause of Article One; however, the Iowa Supreme Court reversed the trial court in 1978. This marked the beginning of a trend towards increasing weight on sales at the expense of the other two factors; by 2004, there were only twelve states still using an equally weighted formula.

## In international taxation

Formulary apportionment is not used as a method of attributing profit between (rather than within) national tax jurisdictions. The adoption of formulary apportionment has been advocated at various times since the 1970s. The matter has been hotly debated by OECD member states beginning in the 1970s. In 2000, there was a proposal to use formulary apportionment within the European Union. In 2001, the EU issued a communication advocating the use of formulary apportionment. In 2007, it was suggested that the US Internal Revenue Service use formulary apportionment (actually a hybrid approach: routine return plus residual profit split) in the assessment of federal corporate income tax, believing it would lead to increased tax revenue in the face of a trend for multinational corporations to use transfer pricing to shift profits out of the US into low-tax countries. None of these suggestions has been adopted.

Several US states allow, but do not mandate, a multinational to include foreign entities in its formulary apportionment. California, for example, began to accept worldwide formulary apportionment in the 1940s. However, its attempt to *require* such apportionment led to strong protests from US trading partners. The UK-US double taxation treaty signed in 1975 included a provision to prohibit US states from "tak\[ing\] into account the income, deductions, receipts, or out-goings of a related enterprise" in the United Kingdom or any other country for the purpose of determining tax liability. However, the US Senate, whose consent was required to ratify the treaty, rejected this provision, and the treaty was amended by a protocol in 1979. The Supreme Court explicitly held worldwide formulary apportionment as constitutional in separate cases in 1983 and 1994 (Barclays Bank PLC v. Franchise Tax Board). In 1985 the United Kingdom passed retaliatory legislation which would have overridden the UK-US tax treaty and denied significant UK tax benefits to corporations headquartered in US states which applied worldwide formulary apportionment. This and further pressure from foreign governments, the executive branch and multinational corporations led US states to adopt a "water's edge" limitation on formulary apportionment, allowing taxpayers to decide for themselves whether or not to include foreign entities in their combined reporting.

## Benefits

* Reduced compliance costs to the multinational;
* Reduced policing costs for governments;
* Profits are apportioned more closely to where value is created;
* Multinationals will locate activities in the most efficient locations, not based on tax rates;
* Multinationals will improve their ethical credentials;
* Tax experts can be redeployed on value-adding tasks; and
* Potential efficiency gains from harmonisation with the formulary approach used for apportioning national profits in US, Canada, China and Germany

## Criticism

Critics argue:

* Formulary apportionment leads to double taxation of the same profits unless there is agreement among all the jurisdictions on the formula to be used and the composition of the combined group.
* Tax could be avoided by manipulation of the components of the formula like the location of mobile assets.
* Compliance costs would be increased by the need to calculate each component of the formula in each jurisdiction.
* Compliance costs would be much higher unless all jurisdictions adopted a common method of calculating taxable profits. Otherwise a separate calculation of worldwide group profits would be required under each jurisdiction's tax accounting rules. The issue is significantly reduced within the United States and Canada because variations among each jurisdiction's tax accounting methods are relatively minor.
* If members of the group account in different currencies, currency exchange rate movements could distort the results of the apportionment.
* Formulary apportionment does not reflect the economic profit or loss of each entity. For example, a profitable group that incurs a loss in a particular territory has taxable profit apportioned to that territory, and conversely a loss-making group which makes profits in a particular territory has no taxable profits in that territory. However, the loss-making entity could be paying artificially high transfer prices for the products it is selling in that particular market.

## Further reading


title: Wee Thump Joshua Tree Wilderness

abstract: Wee Thump Joshua Tree Wilderness is a designated (2002) wilderness area in Nevada. It comprises 6,050 acres (2,450 ha) and has an expanse of old-growth Joshua trees. "Wee Thump" means "ancient ones" in the language of the Paiute people. This Bureau of Land Management wilderness is a few miles west of Searchlight, Nevada. The wilderness is part of Avi Kwa Ame National Monument, designated in 2023.

text:
# Wee Thump Joshua Tree Wilderness

**Wee Thump Joshua Tree Wilderness** is a designated (2002) wilderness area in Nevada. It comprises 6,050 acres (2,450 ha) and has an expanse of old-growth Joshua trees. "Wee Thump" means "ancient ones" in the language of the Paiute people. This Bureau of Land Management wilderness is a few miles west of Searchlight, Nevada. The wilderness is part of Avi Kwa Ame National Monument, designated in 2023.

## InfoBox

| Wee Thump Joshua Tree Wilderness | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category Ib (wilderness area) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Clark County, Nevada, U.S. |
| Nearest town | Searchlight, Nevada |
| Coordinates | 35°31′53″N 115°05′49″W / 35.531256°N 115.096932°W / 35.531256; -115.096932 |
| Area | 6,489 acres (26 km2) |
| Established | 2002 (2002) |
| Governing body | U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management |


title: Grammatical Revolution

abstract: GRITS's album Grammatical Revolution was released in 1999 on Gotee Records. The song "They All Fall Down" won a Dove Award for "Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song" in 2000.

text:
# Grammatical Revolution

GRITS's album ***Grammatical Revolution*** was released in 1999 on Gotee Records. The song "They All Fall Down" won a Dove Award for "Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song" in 2000.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *Cross Rhythms* |  |
| Jesus Freak Hideout |  |

Awarding the album three stars for AllMusic, Steve Huey writes, "With each successive album, Grits continue to improve their production, arranging, and rhyming skills; Grammatical Revolution is their most accomplished recording yet, and does the most effective job of getting the duo's spiritual message across." Mike Rimmer, giving the album a ten from Cross Rhythms, states, "Judging from the band's performance on this album, Christian hip hop has the chops to take on the world. This is as good as anything out there! Be inspired and join the grammatical revolution!" Rating the album three stars at Jesus Freak Hideout, Kevin Hoskins says, "Grits put out a very solid album."

## Track listing

1. "Lil' Man Intro"
2. "Ima Showem"
3. "They All Fall Down"
4. "Strugglin" (featuring Knowdaverbs, Enormous and Jason Eskridge)
5. "C2K" (featuring Knowdaverbs)
6. "Time Is Passing"
7. "Supreme Being"
8. "Man's Soul"
9. "Count Bass D \[A Reading From\]"
10. "Soundcheck"
11. "Stop Bitin'"
12. "It Takes Love" (featuring Out of Eden)
13. "Return of the Antagonist"
14. "I Still Know What You Bit Last Summer"
15. "Millennium"
16. "The End" (featuring Out of Eden)

## InfoBox

| Grammatical Revolution | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by GRITS | |
| Released | May 18, 1999 |
| Genre | Christian hip hop, alternative hip hop, Southern hip hop |
| Label | Gotee |
| Producer | Ric "DJ Form" Robbins, Incorporated Elements, Otto Price |
| GRITS chronology | |
| *Factors of the Seven*
(1998) ***Grammatical Revolution***
(1999) *The Art of Translation*
(2002) | |


title: Grammatica Slavico–Bohemica

abstract: Grammatica Slavico–Bohemica is an integrated Slovak-Czech grammar published by the Slovak linguist Pavel Doležal. The preface was written by the polyhistor Matthias Bel.

text:
# Grammatica Slavico–Bohemica

**Grammatica Slavico–Bohemica** (Pressburg, 1746) is an integrated Slovak-Czech grammar published by the Slovak linguist Pavel Doležal. The preface was written by the polyhistor Matthias Bel.

## Dialects depicted

Doležal's *lingua Slavico-Bohemica* is a diasystem of two "dialects" used by two different nations. The Czech language is strictly the language of the Bible of Kralice—the literal language used by Slovak Lutherans. The Slovak language is de facto the urban dialect of educated Slovaks from Skalica (Moravian Valley Western Slovak) with some non-Western Slovak features.

## Impact

The work had a significant impact on the further development of Czech and Slovak. It introduced a new grammatical conception, a new classification of verbs and substantives, and influenced the later codification of the modern Czech language (Josef Dobrovský) as well as the codification of the Slovak language (Anton Bernolák).


title: Government Centre station

abstract: Government Centre station is an Edmonton LRT station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves both the Capital Line and the Metro Line. It is an underground station located beneath 110 Street between 99 Avenue and 98 Avenue. The station provides service to the Government Centre part of the downtown core and the neighbourhood of Oliver. The station is connected to the Alberta Legislature Building and several other government buildings by underground walkways of the Edmonton Pedway.

text:
# Government Centre station

**Government Centre station** (formerly known as **Grandin/Government Centre station**) is an Edmonton LRT station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves both the Capital Line and the Metro Line. It is an underground station located beneath 110 Street between 99 Avenue and 98 Avenue. The station provides service to the Government Centre part of the downtown core and the neighbourhood of Oliver. The station is connected to the Alberta Legislature Building and several other government buildings by underground walkways of the Edmonton Pedway.

## History

Government Centre station was opened as Grandin station in September 1989 when the LRT system was extended 0.8 km (0.50 mi) south from the Corona station through a light rail tunnel running beneath the downtown core.

Grandin station was the southern terminus of the LRT line prior to the construction of Dudley B. Menzies Bridge and the opening of University station in August 1992.

### Renaming

In June 2021, Edmonton City Council voted unanimously to remove the name 'Grandin' from the station, due to Bishop Vital-Justin Grandin's active involvement in Canada's Indian residential schools system and the cultural genocide of Indigenous peoples. 'Government Centre' is currently used as the station's interim name.

## Station layout

The platform is a 123-metre (403 ft 7 in)-long centre-loading platform that can accommodate two five-car LRT trains at the same time, with one train on each side of the platform. The platform is just over eight metres (26 ft 3 in) wide. Access to the platform is from the surface by stairs and escalators located at each end of the platform. The escalator and stairs at the south end of the platform connect to a pedway system that provides access to several government buildings near the station. This pedway is separate from, and not part of, the Edmonton pedway system.

### Public art

The station's west wall featured a mural of Bishop Vital-Justin Grandin, the first Catholic bishop in Alberta. It was designed by artist Sylvie Nadeau, and it was donated by the Francophone jeunesse de l'Alberta. After criticism from local First Nations activists that the Nadeau mural could be interpreted as celebratory of the Indian residential schools system, local artist Aaron Paquette was commissioned to create a second "response" mural from a First Nations cultural perspective. Following a decision by Edmonton City Council in June 2021, the mural of Grandin was covered.

## Around the station

## Government Centre Transit Centre

| Government Centre
Transit Centre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 53°32′10″N 113°30′16″W / 53.53611°N 113.50444°W / 53.53611; -113.50444 |
| Platforms | 10 bus bays |
| Construction | |
| Parking | No |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Website | Government Centre Transit Centre |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |

The **Government Centre Transit Centre** is located on 107 Street south of 99 Avenue, adjacent to the Legislature grounds, and three blocks east of the Government Centre station. The transit centre is served by ETS, St. Albert Transit (StAT) and Strathcona County Transit (SCT). There are few amenities at the transit centre itself, other than a large shelter.

The following bus routes serve the transit centre:

| To/From | Routes | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Castle Downs Transit Centre | 150X | ETS |
| Downtown | 120X, 130X, 150X, *208*, **403**, **413**, 701 | ETS, *StAT*, **SCT** |
| Eaux Claires Transit Centre | 120X, 130X | ETS |
| Kingsway Transit Centre | 701 | ETS |
| MacEwan University | 208, *403*, *413* | StAT, *SCT* |
| NAIT | 413 | SCT |
| Northgate Transit Centre | 120X | ETS |
| Sherwood Park Bethel Transit Terminal | 413 | SCT |
| Sherwood Park Ordze Transit Centre | 403 | SCT |
| Southgate Transit Centre | 701 | ETS |
| St. Albert Centre Exchange | 208 | StAT |
| St. Albert Nakî Transit Centre | 208 | StAT |
| Strathcona / Whyte Ave | 701 | ETS |
|

The above list does not include LRT services from the adjacent LRT station.

## InfoBox

| Government Centre | |
| --- | --- |
| Edmonton LRT station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 53°32′10″N 113°30′37″W / 53.53611°N 113.51028°W / 53.53611; -113.51028 |
| Owned by | City of Edmonton |
| Platforms | Centre platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Website | Government Centre LRT Station |
| History | |
| Opened | 1989 |
| Electrified | 600  DC |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2019
(typical weekday) | 3,105 board
2,914 alight
6,019 Total |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Edmonton LRT Following station  Coronatoward Clareview  Capital Line  Universitytoward Century Park  Coronatoward NAIT/Blatchford Market  Metro Line  Universitytoward Health Sciences/Jubilee | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Government Center Tower (San Salvador)

abstract: Government Center Tower is a building located in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador. It houses the offices of the Ministry of the Interior. Designed by French-born Salvadoran architect Manuel Roberto Meléndez Bischitz (1934-2011), its construction began during the tenure of Colonel Arturo Armando Molina and became operational during the tenure of President General Carlos Humberto Romero in 1980. Various government offices were housed in the tower. In 1999, President Francisco Flores Pérez decided to allocate the tower exclusively to the Interior Ministry. The tower has 14 floors above street level and three underground and has a height of 65 meters (213.2 feet).

text:
# Government Center Tower (San Salvador)

**Government Center Tower** is a building located in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador. It houses the offices of the Ministry of the Interior.

Designed by French-born Salvadoran architect Manuel Roberto Meléndez Bischitz (1934-2011), its construction began during the tenure of Colonel Arturo Armando Molina and became operational during the tenure of President General Carlos Humberto Romero in 1980. Various government offices were housed in the tower.

In 1999, President Francisco Flores Pérez decided to allocate the tower exclusively to the Interior Ministry. The tower has 14 floors above street level and three underground and has a height of 65 meters (213.2 feet).

13°42′17″N 89°11′53″W / 13.704764°N 89.198078°W / 13.704764; -89.198078


title: Vampire number

abstract: In recreational mathematics, a vampire number is a composite natural number with an even number of digits, that can be factored into two natural numbers each with half as many digits as the original number, where the two factors contain precisely all the digits of the original number, in any order, counting multiplicity. The two factors cannot both have trailing zeroes. The first vampire number is 1260 = 21 × 60.

text:
# Vampire number

In recreational mathematics, a **vampire number** (or **true vampire number**) is a composite natural number with an even number of digits, that can be factored into two natural numbers each with half as many digits as the original number, where the two factors contain precisely all the digits of the original number, in any order, counting multiplicity. The two factors cannot both have trailing zeroes. The first vampire number is 1260 = 21 × 60.

## Definition

Let $N$ be a natural number with $2k$ digits:

$$N={n\_{2k}{n\_{2k-1}...{n\_{1}}}}$$

Then $N$ is a vampire number if and only if there exist two natural numbers $A$ and $B$, each with $k$ digits:

$$A={a\_{k}{a\_{k-1}...{a\_{1}}}}$$

$$B={b\_{k}{b\_{k-1}...{b\_{1}}}}$$

such that $A\times B=N$, $a\_{1}$ and $b\_{1}$ are not both zero, and the $2k$ digits of the concatenation of $A$ and $B$ $({a\_{k}{a\_{k-1}...{a\_{2}{a\_{1}{b\_{k}{b\_{k-1}...{b\_{2}{b\_{1})}}}}}}}}$ are a permutation of the $2k$ digits of $N$. The two numbers $A$ and $B$ are called the *fangs* of $N$.

Vampire numbers were first described in a 1994 post by Clifford A. Pickover to the Usenet group sci.math, and the article he later wrote was published in chapter 30 of his book *Keys to Infinity*.

## Examples

| *n* | Count of vampire numbers of length *n* |
| --- | --- |
| 4 | 7 |
| 6 | 148 |
| 8 | 3228 |
| 10 | 108454 |
| 12 | 4390670 |
| 14 | 208423682 |
| 16 | 11039126154 |

1260 is a vampire number, with 21 and 60 as fangs, since 21 × 60 = 1260 and the digits of the concatenation of the two factors (2160) are a permutation of the digits of the original number (1260).

However, 126000 (which can be expressed as 21 × 6000 or 210 × 600) is not a vampire number, since although 126000 = 21 × 6000 and the digits (216000) are a permutation of the original number, the two factors 21 and 6000 do not have the correct number of digits. Furthermore, although 126000 = 210 × 600, both factors 210 and 600 have trailing zeroes.

The first few vampire numbers are:

1260 = 21 × 60 1395 = 15 × 93 1435 = 35 × 41 1530 = 30 × 51 1827 = 21 × 87 2187 = 27 × 81 6880 = 80 × 86 102510 = 201 × 510 104260 = 260 × 401 105210 = 210 × 501

The sequence of vampire numbers is:

1260, 1395, 1435, 1530, 1827, 2187, 6880, 102510, 104260, 105210, 105264, 105750, 108135, 110758, 115672, 116725, 117067, 118440, 120600, 123354, 124483, 125248, 125433, 125460, 125500, ... (sequence A014575 in the OEIS)

There are many known sequences of infinitely many vampire numbers following a pattern, such as:

1530 = 30 × 51, 150300 = 300 × 501, 15003000 = 3000 × 5001, ...

Al Sweigart calculated all the vampire numbers that have at most 10 digits.

## Multiple fang pairs

A vampire number can have multiple distinct pairs of fangs. The first of infinitely many vampire numbers with 2 pairs of fangs:

125460 = 204 × 615 = 246 × 510

The first with 3 pairs of fangs:

13078260 = 1620 × 8073 = 1863 × 7020 = 2070 × 6318

The first with 4 pairs of fangs:

16758243290880 = 1982736 × 8452080 = 2123856 × 7890480 = 2751840 × 6089832 = 2817360 × 5948208

The first with 5 pairs of fangs:

24959017348650 = 2947050 × 8469153 = 2949705 × 8461530 = 4125870 × 6049395 = 4129587 × 6043950 = 4230765 × 5899410

## Other bases

Vampire numbers also exist for bases other than base 10. For example, a vampire number in base 12 is 10392BA45768 = 105628 × BA3974, where A means ten and B means eleven. Another example in the same base is a vampire number with three fangs, 572164B9A830 = 8752 × 9346 × A0B1. An example with four fangs is 3715A6B89420 = 763 × 824 × 905 × B1A. In these examples, all 12 digits are used exactly once.


title: Vampire vs Vampire

abstract: Vampire Vs Vampire (一眉道人) is a 1989 Hong Kong comedy horror film directed by and starring Lam Ching-ying. The title references the interaction in the film between a jiangshi child, a creature from Chinese "hopping" corpse fiction, and a British vampire based on Western vampire fiction.

text:
# Vampire vs Vampire

***Vampire Vs Vampire*** (一眉道人) is a 1989 Hong Kong comedy horror film directed by and starring Lam Ching-ying. The title references the interaction in the film between a jiangshi child, a creature from Chinese "hopping" corpse fiction, and a British vampire based on Western vampire fiction.

## Plot

Chinese exorcist One-Eyebrow Priest (Lam Ching-ying) leads a peaceful life with two disciples Ah Ho (Chin Siu-ho) and Ah Fong (David Lui) in a small town together with a mischievous miniature jiangshi. While finding new water sources one day, the priest encounters a European vampire in the nearby church who is aided by a dead countess. Although the priest manages to get rid of the countess, his Chinese exorcism fails on the European vampire.

## Cast

## Home media

### Laserdisc

| Release date
 | Country
 | Classifaction
 | Publisher
 | Catalog No
 | Format
 | Language | Subtitles | Notes
 | REF |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unknown | Japan | N/A | Towa Video |  | CLV / NTSC | Cantonese | Japaneses | Audio Mono |  |
|
| 1993 | Hong Kong | N/A |  | ML091 | CLV / NTSC | Cantonese | English / Chinese | Audio Mono |  |

### VCD

| Release date
 | Country
 | Classifaction
 | Publisher
 | Format
 | Language | Subtitles | Notes
 | REF |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 March 2000 | Hong Kong | N/A | Joy Sales (HK) | NTSC | Cantonese, Mandarin | English, Traditional Chinese | 2VCDs |  |

### DVD

| Release date
 | Country
 | Classifaction
 | Publisher
 | Format
 | Region
 | Language
 | Sound
 | Subtitles
 | Notes
 | REF |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 May 2002 | Hong Kong | N/A | Deltamac (HK) | NTSC | ALL | Cantonese, Mandarin | Dolby Digital | English, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |  |  |
|
| 20 May 2003 | United States | Unrated | Tai Seng | NTSC | 1 | Cantonese, Chinese | Dolby | Chinese, English |  |  |
|
| 4 July 2006 | Taiwan | N/A | Catalyst Logic | NTSC | 3 | Cantonese and Mandarin | Dolby Digital 2.0 | English, Traditional Chinese |  |  |
|
| 2 February 2009 | Hong Kong | N/A | Joy Sales (HK) | NTSC | ALL | Cantonese, Mandarin | Dolby Digital 2.0 | English, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Vampire Vs Vampire | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 一眉道人 |
| Simplified Chinese | 一眉道人 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | yī méi dàorén |
| Jyutping | jat1 mei4 dou3 jan4 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lam Ching-ying |
| Written by | Sam Chi-leung
Chan Kam-cheong
Sze Mei-yee |
| Produced by | Chua Lam |
| Starring | Lam Ching-ying
Chin Siu-ho
David Lui
Sandra Ng
Billy Lau
Maria Cordero |
| Cinematography | Cho On-sun
Kwan Chi-kam |
| Edited by | Peter Cheung |
| Music by | Anders Nelsson
The Melody Bank
Alastair Monteith-Hodge
Tim Nugent |
| Production
companies | Diagonal Pictures
Paragon Films |
| Distributed by | Golden Harvest |
| Release date | * 26 July 1989 (1989-07-26) |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Language | Cantonese |
| Box office | HK$11.19 million |


title: Mian Ren (Flour Figure)

abstract: Mian Ren is a form of traditional Chinese folk art. Flour figures are made of coloured rice flours, colouring, stone wax and honey. Craftsmen can make lively figures out of the coloured flour balls with a small bamboo knife. They used to carry their tools around villages and towns to sell them for a very basic living. Sometimes flour figures are used in dishes as food crafts along with vegetable carvings. Flour figures were considered as little delights not found in elegant imperial staterooms. They are mainly collected by children as toys.

text:
# Mian Ren (Flour Figure)

**Mian Ren** is a form of traditional Chinese folk art. Flour figures are made of coloured rice flours, colouring, stone wax and honey. Craftsmen can make lively figures out of the coloured flour balls with a small bamboo knife. They used to carry their tools around villages and towns to sell them for a very basic living. Sometimes flour figures are used in dishes as food crafts along with vegetable carvings.

Flour figures were considered as little delights not found in elegant imperial staterooms. They are mainly collected by children as toys.

## Origin

The origin of the specific craft is unknown. According to archaeological discoveries figures of humans and pigs were found in the Xin Jiang province tombs. They are considered more than 1,340 years old. In a Southern Song period book called *Dongjing Meng Hua Lu (Dreams of Splendor of the Eastern Capital)*, Mian Ren was defined as a food ornament that could be eaten as a snack.


title: The Zodiac (film)

abstract: The Zodiac is a 2005 American criminal psychological thriller film based on the true events associated with the Zodiac: a serial killer who was active in and around Northern California in the 1960s and 1970s. The Zodiac was directed by Alexander Bulkley and co-written with his brother, Kelly Bulkley, and stars Justin Chambers, Robin Tunney, Rory Culkin, Philip Baker Hall, Brad Henke, Marty Lindsey, Rex Linn, and William Mapother. The film was released on March 17, 2006 into just 10 theaters on limited release and later released on DVD in North America on August 29, 2006. The DVD hit the UK market on September 18.

text:
# The Zodiac (film)

***The Zodiac*** is a 2005 American criminal psychological thriller film based on the true events associated with the Zodiac: a serial killer who was active in and around Northern California in the 1960s and 1970s. *The Zodiac* was directed by Alexander Bulkley and co-written with his brother, Kelly Bulkley, and stars Justin Chambers, Robin Tunney, Rory Culkin, Philip Baker Hall, Brad Henke, Marty Lindsey, Rex Linn, and William Mapother.

The film was released on March 17, 2006 into just 10 theaters on limited release (with an R-rating by the MPAA) and later released on DVD in North America on August 29, 2006. The DVD hit the UK market on September 18.

## Plot

When two teenagers are gunned down on Lake Helena (in real-life, Herman) Road on December 20, 1968, the small town of Vallejo (Benicia) is thrown into a state of terror. Assigned to the case is Police Detective Matt Parish (Justin Chambers) of the Vallejo Police Department. With few leads, the case goes unsolved and the emotional attachment causes heartache for Parish's family; wife Laura (Robin Tunney) and 12-year-old son (Rory Culkin).

Six months later on July 4 – as Parish begins to lose hope – the Zodiac strikes again. This time he guns down a couple in a deserted parking lot. He's inches away as he pulls the trigger, but he never reveals his true identity. Just an hour after the shooting, the Vallejo Police Department receives an anonymous call, confessing to the murders that have just taken place. Days after the second murder, a letter is sent to Bay Area newspapers the *San Francisco Chronicle* and the *San Francisco Examiner*, threatening that 12 more people will die unless the three papers print the encoded letter they've just received. The killer reveals that if they can decipher the note, his true identity will be revealed.

It becomes an obsession for Parish to solve the case. He spends all his time with the coded sheet, sketches of the killer and psychological reports, putting strain on his family. The ever-increasing publicity pushes him to the edge. When Parish receives more anonymous calls and ciphered letters (some suggesting the threatening chance that his next victim could be one of Parish's family), he thinks he's got his suspect. Disobeying orders by Chief Frank Perkins (Philip Baker Hall) he goes in search of the killer. When he storms into the suspect's house, his allegations are shattered because the man has no relation to the murders.

The police later hear of more killings, but the case doesn't get close to being resolved. On April 24, 1978, ten years after the first reported murder, the *Chronicle* receives another letter:

> I'm waiting for a good movie about me. Who will play me…? This is the Zodiac. I am now in control of all things.

The film ends with the statement that the killer has not been captured.

## Cast

* Justin Chambers as Det. Matt Parish.
* Robin Tunney as Laura Parish Matt Parish's wife.
* Rory Culkin as Johnny Parish (son of Matt and Laura Parish).
* Shelby Alexis Irey as Bobbie, Johnny's girlfriend.
* Philip Baker Hall as Chief Frank Perkin, the Police Department's chief and is the head of the operations.
* Brian Bloom as Zodiac Killer (voice). His voice is heard throughout the film in phone calls and letters.
* Brad Henke as Bill Gregory
* Rex Linn as Jim Martinez
* William Mapother as Dale Coverling, a news reporter.

## Production

### Development

The Bulkley brothers and producer Corey Campodonico all grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area, and wanted to use their history and knowledge of the location for their debut film.

In an interview with Rotten Tomatoes Alexander Bulkley said:

> I lived in the Bay Area where he was somewhat of a local legend. Every town has a 'boogie man' and he was ours. The stories of the murders kept us kids awake at night.

Their main source of information was newspapers and media articles from the time. The decision was made to tell the story of the detective involved with the case and how it affected his family, rather than following the psychological path of the killer. The impact of the killings on the victims' families was avoided, due to the killer's perceived lack of interest in who his victims were.

The filmmakers' main challenge was to maintain the balance between facts and a fictional narrative:

> For many people making films based on true stories, it is always tempting to veer off into the fictional world to satisfy story elements. It was very challenging to maintain the integrity of the true story. We had a certain amount of events that we knew had occurred to create the composite characters for the law enforcement officers. In the end I think we were able to achieve our goal and a lot of true crime fanatics will really appreciate the film.

Once the screenplay was complete, the filmmakers gathered investors to finance the project and made it ShadowMachine Films' first ever film production.

### Filming

The filming lasted 23 days. *The Zodiac* was filmed on location in Vallejo, California, where the majority of the murders were committed.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack contains some of the following pieces by Andy Williams, The Chambers Brothers, William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan:

| Track Name | Artist | Writer | Track Length (mins) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "With a Girl Like You" | The Troggs | Reg Presley | 02:09 |
| *It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year* | Andy Williams | Edward Pola & George Wyle | 02:47 |
| *Papa Noel* | Brenda Lee | Roy Botkin | - |
| *The Sun Whose Rays Are All Ablaze* | William S. Gilbert & Arthur Sullivan | - | - |
| *Trouble No More* | Muddy Waters | McKinley Morganfield | 02:39 |
| *Time Has Come Today* | The Chambers Brothers | Joseph Chambers & Willie Chambers | 11:00 |
|

## Critical reception

Rotten Tomatoes, which compiles mostly North American reviews, showed that just eight out of 31 reviews were positive, with the average critic's grade being 4.1/10. The website assessed the film as "rotten", with 26% of the reviews favorable.

Metacritic, a website that aggregates reviews of films, television shows, has five reviews of the Zodiac, and given a general score of 21/100. For each movie, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts in 1999, and was acquired by Fandom, Inc. in 2022.

Despite Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic giving less than favorable critical reviews, the film has received more positive reviews from users who have submitted their own reviews of the film on the two websites, with a 70% grade from Metacritic users.

The film received its highest marks of critical reception from IMDb, one of the internets prominent online databases of information related to films. With almost eight thousands reviews on the site, the IMDb score given to The Zodiac, is a 5.3 out of 10.

## InfoBox

| The Zodiac | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional movie poster | |
| Directed by | Alex Bulkley |
| Written by | Kelly Bulkley
Alex Bulkley |
| Produced by | Corey Campodonico |
| Starring | Justin Chambers
Robin Tunney
Rory Culkin
Philip Baker Hall
Brad Henke
Marty Lindsey
Rex Linn
William Mapother |
| Cinematography | Denis Maloney |
| Edited by | Greg Tillman |
| Music by | Michael Suby |
| Production
companies | ShadowMachine Films
Myriad Pictures |
| Distributed by | THINKFilm |
| Release dates | * July 31, 2005 (2005-07-31) (München Fantasy Filmfest) * March 17, 2006 (2006-03-17) (United States) |
| Running time | 97 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1 million |
| Box office | $86,872 |


title: Ezra W. Wilkinson

abstract: Ezra W. Wilkinson was a Massachusetts politician.

text:
# Ezra W. Wilkinson

**Ezra W. Wilkinson** (February 6, 1801 – February 6, 1882) was a Massachusetts politician.

## Personal life

Wilkinson was born in Attleborough, Massachusetts on February 14, 1801, to Noah Wilkinson. He was graduated at Brown University in 1824.

In person he was very tall and erect, even to the last days of his life. He was scrupulously neat in his attire. He was not easy or fluent in speech, but he was concise and accurate in his use of language.

He died in Dedham, but his remains were interred in Wrentham. At his funeral in St. Paul's Church, Dedham, a large number of members of the bar from Boston and elsewhere were in attendance. Resolutions of respect for his memory were presented in the Superior Court at Salem, and in Boston, shortly after his decease.

## Career

Wilkinson began his professional studies with Hon. Peter Pratt, of Providence, Rhode Island, where he remained about a year, and he completed them in the office of Josiah J. Fiske, in Wrentham. He was admitted as an attorney of the Court of Common Pleas, at Dedham, Massachusetts at the September term, 1828. He was admitted as a counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, at Taunton, Massachusetts at the October term, 1832. He began practice at Freetown, Massachusetts and subsequently removed to Seekonk, Massachusetts.

In 1835, he removed to Dedham, and had an office in the same building formerly occupied by Fisher Ames, and then by Theron Metcalf. He was employed to collate and complete the records of the Norfolk County Courthouse, which had fallen into some confusion through the prolonged illness of Judge Ware, the clerk, who had then recently deceased. In 1843, he was appointed by Governor Marcus Morton as district attorney for the district then composed of Worcester and Norfolk Counties. He held this office until 1855.

In 1859, upon the establishment of the Superior Court, he was appointed one of the associate justices, being then nearly sixty years of age, and he held the office for more twenty-two years until his death in 1882. He had been in active practice for 31 years, so that his professional and judicial career covered a period of 53 years. He never took time off for illness or a vacation.

Within a month before his death, he held a term of court at Salem, Massachusetts.

### Electoral

He was always a Democrat in politics. He was representative to the General Court from Dedham for three sessions in 1841, 1851, and 1856. He was the candidate of his party against John Quincy Adams for Congress in 1842. He was also a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853.

### Other

Wilkinson was a teacher and the head of Monmouth Academy.


title: Luis Morales Reyes

abstract: Luis Morales Reyes was a Roman Catholic archbishop-emeritus of the Archdiocese of San Luis Potosí. He was succeeded by Jesús Carlos Cabrero Romero as archbishop of San Luis Potosí on 3 April 2012.

text:
# Luis Morales Reyes

| Styles of
**Luis Morales Reyes** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | The Most Reverend |
| Spoken style | Your Excellency |
| Religious style | Archbishop |

**Luis Morales Reyes** (5 July 1936 – 2 February 2024) was a Roman Catholic archbishop-emeritus of the Archdiocese of San Luis Potosí. He was succeeded by Jesús Carlos Cabrero Romero as archbishop of San Luis Potosí on 3 April 2012.

## Biography

Luis Morales Reyes earned a licentiate in philosophy and theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University. He was ordained a priest for the diocese of Tacámbaro on 2 December 1962, and worked there, among other things, as an advisor to the Christian family movement. Morales later served on the diocesan pastoral council. Pope Paul VI appointed him auxiliary bishop in Tacámbaro and titular bishop of Burca on March 8, 1976. The Bishop of Tacámbaro, José Abraham Martínez Betancourt, gave him episcopal ordination on 4 May of the same year in the Cathedral of San Jerónimo in Tacámbaro de Codallos; Co-consecrators were Mario Pio Gaspari, Apostolic Delegate to Mexico, and Gilberto Valbuena Sánchez, Vicar Apostolic of La Paz en la Baja California Sur. From 1983 to 1985, Morales Reyes was a member of the Commission for the Clergy of the Mexican Bishops' Conference, before serving as Treasurer of the Bishops' Conference until 1991. Pope John Paul II appointed him Bishop of Tacámbaro on 5 June 1979. On 19 February 1985, he was appointed coadjutor bishop of Torreón and installed on April 20 of the same year. After Fernando Romo Gutiérrez retired, he succeeded him as Bishop of Torreón on 27 June 1990. In 1996 he succeeded the late Manuel Pérez-Gil y González as Vice President of the Mexican Bishops' Conference, and in 1997 and 2000 he was elected president for a term of three years each. On January 20, 1999, he was appointed Archbishop of San Luis Potosí and inaugurated on March 18 of the same year. On 3 April 2012, Pope Benedict XVI. the request for resignation submitted by Luis Morales Reyes for reasons of age. Reyes died on 2 February 2024, at the age of 87.

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend
Luis Morales Reyes | |
| --- | --- |
| Archbishop Emeritus of San Luis Potosí | |
|  | |
| See | San Luis Potosí |
| Installed | 18 March 1999 |
| Term ended | 3 April 2012 |
| Predecessor | Arturo Antonio Szymanski Ramírez |
| Successor | Jesús Carlos Cabrero Romero |
| Previous post(s) | Auxiliary Bishop of Tacámbaro (1976–1979)
Titular Bishop of Burca (1976–1979)
Bishop of Tacámbaro (1979–1985)
Bishop of Torreón (1990–1999) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 2 December 1962 |
| Consecration | 4 May 1976
by José Abraham Martínez Betancourt |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Luis Morales Reyes
(1936-07-05)5 July 1936
Churumuco, Michoacán, Mexico |
| Died | 2 February 2024(2024-02-02) (aged 87)
San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |


title: Huancarama District

abstract: Huancarama District is one of the nineteen districts of the province Andahuaylas in Peru.

text:
# Huancarama District

**Huancarama District** is one of the nineteen districts of the province Andahuaylas in Peru.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (80.11%) learnt to speak in childhood, 19.47% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).

13°39′16″S 73°05′08″W / 13.65444°S 73.08556°W / -13.65444; -73.08556

## InfoBox

| Huancarama | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Apurímac |
| Province | Andahuaylas |
| Capital | Huancarama |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Carlos Cavero Contreras |
| Area | |
| Total | 153.04 km2 (59.09 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,965 m (9,728 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 7,792 |
| Density | 51/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 030204 |


title: Nzérékoré

abstract: Nzérékoré is the second-largest city in Guinea by population after the capital, Conakry, and the largest city in the Guinée forestière region of southeastern Guinea. The city is the capital of Nzérékoré Prefecture. Nzérékoré is a commercial and economic center and lies approximately 354 mi (570 km) southeast of Conakry. It was the center of an uprising against French rule in 1911 and is now known as a market town and for its silverworking. The population was 107,329 according to the 1996 census. Growing dramatically since the civil wars in neighboring Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coast, the 2014 census population was 195,027.

text:
# Nzérékoré

**Nzérékoré** (N’ko: ߒߛߙߍߜߘߺߍ߬, Adlam: 𞤟𞤫𞤪𞤫𞤳𞤮𞤪𞤫; also spelled **N'Zérékoré**) is the second-largest city in Guinea by population after the capital, Conakry, and the largest city in the Guinée forestière region of southeastern Guinea. The city is the capital of Nzérékoré Prefecture. Nzérékoré is a commercial and economic center and lies approximately 354 mi (570 km) southeast of Conakry.

It was the center of an uprising against French rule in 1911 and is now known as a market town and for its silverworking. The population was 107,329 according to the 1996 census. Growing dramatically since the civil wars in neighboring Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coast, the 2014 census population was 195,027.

## History

It was the center of an uprising against French rule in 1911. From 1911-1912, the majority of the Nzérékoré Region was put under direct military rule.

There were three days of ethno-religious fighting in Nzérékoré in July 2013. Fighting between ethnic Guerzé (Kpelle), who are Christian or animist, and ethnic Konianke, who are Muslims and close to the larger Malinké ethnic group, left at least 54 dead. The dead included people who were killed with machetes and burned alive. The violence ended after the Guinean military imposed a curfew, and President Alpha Condé made a televised appeal for calm.

## Climate

Nzérékoré has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification *Aw*). The city features a lengthy wet season covering the months of March through November, while the remaining three months form the city's dry season. While average daily temperatures remain relatively consistent throughout the course of the year, Nzérékoré has a much higher diurnal temperature variation during its dry season with average highs around 33 °C or 91.4 °F and average lows ranging from 10 to 13 °C or 50.0 to 55.4 °F. The city averages roughly 1,800 millimetres or 70 inches of precipitation annually.

| Climate data for Nzérékoré (1991–2020) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.1
(89.8) | 33.3
(91.9) | 32.6
(90.7) | 31.4
(88.5) | 30.7
(87.3) | 29.3
(84.7) | 27.8
(82.0) | 27.8
(82.0) | 29.0
(84.2) | 29.8
(85.6) | 30.5
(86.9) | 31.1
(88.0) | 30.4
(86.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.7
(76.5) | 26.5
(79.7) | 26.9
(80.4) | 26.6
(79.9) | 26.2
(79.2) | 25.3
(77.5) | 24.4
(75.9) | 24.4
(75.9) | 25.0
(77.0) | 25.2
(77.4) | 25.5
(77.9) | 24.8
(76.6) | 25.5
(77.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.3
(63.1) | 19.7
(67.5) | 21.3
(70.3) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.3
(70.3) | 21.0
(69.8) | 21.0
(69.8) | 21.1
(70.0) | 20.7
(69.3) | 20.5
(68.9) | 18.4
(65.1) | 20.5
(68.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14.2
(0.56) | 51.4
(2.02) | 120.7
(4.75) | 147.3
(5.80) | 187.0
(7.36) | 214.9
(8.46) | 235.5
(9.27) | 321.9
(12.67) | 316.8
(12.47) | 194.5
(7.66) | 73.0
(2.87) | 18.8
(0.74) | 1,896
(74.65) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.3 | 3.8 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 14.5 | 14.9 | 17.1 | 22.1 | 21.6 | 16.5 | 7.7 | 1.7 | 141.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 79 | 81 | 84 | 85 | 82 | 80 | 79 | 73 | 77 |
| Source: NOAA (humidity 1961–1990) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Transportation

The N1 highway connects the city with Kankan in the north. The city is also served by Nzérékoré Airport.

## Places of Worship

## Hospitals

* Hôpital régional de Nzérékoré
* Poste de Santé de Nyen 2

07°45′N 08°49′W / 7.750°N 8.817°W / 7.750; -8.817

## InfoBox

| Nzérékoré ߒߛߙߍߜߘߺߍ߬ · 𞤟𞤫𞤪𞤫𞤳𞤮𞤪𞤫 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nzérékoré | |
| Coordinates: 07°45′00″N 08°49′00″W / 7.75000°N 8.81667°W / 7.75000; -8.81667 | |
| Country | Guinea |
| Region | Nzérékoré Region |
| Prefecture | Nzérékoré Prefecture |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 195,027 |


title: Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas

abstract: Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

text:
# Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas

**Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ ʁɔmɛ̃  ʒaljɔnas\]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  383       1821  511 +1.04%  1846  592 +0.59%  1872  578 −0.09%  1901  516 −0.39%  1926  563 +0.35%  1946  506 −0.53%  1962  601 +1.08% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1968  659 +1.55%  1975  1,179 +8.67%  1982  1,816 +6.37%  1990  2,461 +3.87%  1999  2,749 +1.24%  2007  3,030 +1.22%  2012  3,162 +0.86%  2017  3,288 +0.78% |
| --- | --- |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) | |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The archaeological remains of a Gallo-Roman villa | |
|  | |
| Location of Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas | |
| Saint-Romain-de-JalionasSaint-Romain-de-Jalionas | |
| Coordinates: 45°45′26″N 5°13′10″E / 45.7573°N 5.2195°E / 45.7573; 5.2195 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Isère |
| Arrondissement | La Tour-du-Pin |
| Canton | Charvieu-Chavagneux |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jérôme Grausi |
| Area**1** | 13.65 km2 (5.27 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 3,393 |
| Density | 250/km2 (640/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 38451 /38460 |
| Elevation | 194–222 m (636–728 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Formulas Fatal to the Flesh

abstract: Formulas Fatal to the Flesh is the fifth full-length studio album by death metal band Morbid Angel. The Satanic-themed lyrics of previous albums had been replaced with lyrics about the Old Ones, which would become the primary source of Morbid Angel's lyrical content from this point on, and has some lyrical content written in Sumerian. This is the first album to feature singer/bassist Steve Tucker, replacing David Vincent. The title refers to the biblical symbol of the Antichrist. The letter "F" is the 6th letter of the alphabet; therefore, it could be read as "6ormulas 6atal to the 6lesh" or 666 for short, the number of the Beast.

text:
# Formulas Fatal to the Flesh

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Chronicles of Chaos* | 10/10 |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 7/10 |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| Metal.de | 9/10 |

***Formulas Fatal to the Flesh*** is the fifth full-length studio album by death metal band Morbid Angel. The Satanic-themed lyrics of previous albums had been replaced with lyrics about the Old Ones, which would become the primary source of Morbid Angel's lyrical content from this point on, and has some lyrical content written in Sumerian. This is the first album to feature singer/bassist Steve Tucker, replacing David Vincent.

The title refers to the biblical symbol of the Antichrist. The letter "F" is the 6th letter of the alphabet; therefore, it could be read as "**6**ormulas **6**atal to the **6**lesh" or 666 for short, the number of the Beast.

## Musical style, writing, and composition

The tunings for this record as on *Covenant* and *Domination* remained E♭ on six string guitar songs, and B♭ on seven stringed guitar songs. The album saw considerable changes in tone from *Domination*. Whereas *Domination* was more melodic, *Formulas* is considered more brutal and powerful, characterized by very fast drum tempos, extremely fast blast beats, aggressive riffs, atmospheric solos, and a more demonic growl from Steve Tucker.

"Invocation of the Continual One" is made of unused music the band had composed in its early days in 1984, put together and re-recorded for this album. It is also the only Morbid Angel song Trey Azagthoth does all the vocals for.

## Reception

The album was met with mixed critics upon release, but retrospective reception is very positive, due to its role as a landmark for the brutal death metal genre that developed in the late nineties.

## Track listing

All songs written and arranged by Trey Azagthoth except "Ascent Through the Spheres" and "Hymnos Rituales de Guerra", written by Pete Sandoval.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Heaving Earth" | 3:54 |
| 2. | "Prayer of Hatred" | 4:28 |
| 3. | "Bil Ur-Sag" | 2:30 |
| 4. | "Nothing Is Not" | 4:44 |
| 5. | "Chambers of Dis" | 3:30 |
| 6. | "Disturbance in the Great Slumber" (instrumental) | 2:32 |
| 7. | "Umulamahri" | 4:34 |
| 8. | "Hellspawn: The Rebirth" | 2:43 |
| 9. | "Covenant of Death" | 6:08 |
| 10. | "Hymn to a Gas Giant" (instrumental) | 1:04 |
| 11. | "Invocation of the Continual One" | 9:47 |
| 12. | "Ascent Through the Spheres" (instrumental) | 2:02 |
| 13. | "Hymnos Rituales de Guerra" (instrumental) | 2:43 |
| 14. | "Trooper" (instrumental) | 0:55 |
| Total length: | | 51:38 |

Limited edition bonus disc

This bonus CD contains all of the isolated guitar solos performed by Trey Azagthoth. A guitar pick is included which is signed by him.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Heaving Earth Lava" |  |
| 2. | "Heaving Earth Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 3. | "Prayer of Hatred #1 Lava" |  |
| 4. | "Prayer of Hatred #2 Lava" |  |
| 5. | "Prayer of Hatred #3 Lava" |  |
| 6. | "Bil Ur-Sag #1 Lava" |  |
| 7. | "Bil Ur-Sag #2 Lava" |  |
| 8. | "Bil Ur-Sag #3 Lava" |  |
| 9. | "Nothing Is Not Lava" |  |
| 10. | "Nothing Is Not Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 11. | "Chambers of Dis #1 Lava" |  |
| 12. | "Chambers of Dis #1 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 13. | "Chambers of Dis #2 Lava" |  |
| 14. | "Chambers of Dis #2 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 15. | "Umulamahri #1 Lava" |  |
| 16. | "Umulamahri #2 Lava" |  |
| 17. | "Umulamahri #2 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 18. | "Umulamahri #3 Lava" |  |
| 19. | "Umulamahri #3 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 20. | "Hellspawn #2 Lava" |  |
| 21. | "Hellspawn #3 Lava" |  |
| 22. | "Covenant of Death #1 Lava" |  |
| 23. | "Covenant of Death #2 Lava" |  |
| 24. | "Covenant of Death #3 Lava" |  |
| 25. | "Invocation #1 Lava" |  |
| 26. | "Invocation #2 Lava" |  |
| 27. | "Dominate Lava" |  |
| 28. | "Dominate Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 29. | "Dawn of the Angry #1 Lava" |  |
| 30. | "Dawn of the Angry #1 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 31. | "Dawn of the Angry #2 Lava" |  |
| 32. | "Burn with Me #1 Lava" |  |
| 33. | "Burn with Me #1 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 34. | "Burn with Me #2 Lava" |  |
| 35. | "Burn with Me #2 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 36. | "Burn with Me #3 Lava" |  |
| 37. | "Burn with Me #3 Lava 'Alt'" |  |
| 38. | "Eyes to See #1 Lava" |  |
| 39. | "Where the Slime Live Lava" |  |
| 40. | "Where the Slime Live Lava 'Alt'" |  |

## Personnel

* Steve Tucker – bass, vocals
* Trey Azagthoth – guitars, keyboards, vocals on "Covenant of Death" and "Invocation of the Continual One"
* Pete Sandoval – drums

## InfoBox

| Formulas Fatal to the Flesh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Morbid Angel | |
| Released | February 24, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1997 |
| Studio | Morrisound Recording, Tampa, Florida |
| Genre | Death metal |
| Length | 51:38 |
| Label | Earache |
| Producer | Trey Azagthoth, Mark Prator |
| Morbid Angel chronology | |
| *Domination*
(1995) ***Formulas Fatal to the Flesh***
(1998) *Gateways to Annihilation*
(2000) | |


title: Statue of Willa Cather

text:
# Statue of Willa Cather

In 2023, the U.S. state of Nebraska donated a bronze sculpture of Pulitzer Prize-winning author Willa Cather by Littleton Alston to the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue is installed in the United States Capitol's Capitol Visitors Center, in Washington, D.C.

It replaces a statue of Julius Sterling Morton which was donated to the collection in 1937, but removed from it in 2023. The statue of Morton now resides in a library in Nebraska City, Nebraska.

## InfoBox

| *Willa Cather* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Littleton Alston |
| Medium | Bronze sculpture |
| Subject | Willa Cather |
| Location | Washington, D.C., United States |


title: Wendell McShine

abstract: Wendell McShine is a visual artist from Trinidad and Tobago. His work includes paintings, murals, animated videos and video installations. McShine has lived in the US and Mexico and founded the community arts programme Art Connect.

text:
# Wendell McShine

**Wendell McShine** (born 23 August 1986) is a visual artist from Trinidad and Tobago. His work includes paintings, murals, animated videos and video installations. McShine has lived in the US and Mexico and founded the community arts programme Art Connect.

## Early life and education

McShine drew obsessively as a child. He grew up working-class in the Trinidadian towns of Tunapuna and Arima and was the ninth of ten children in his family. He said in a magazine interview: “Coming up with dignity and focus through challenging conditions in the Caribbean ghetto, the 9th of ten brothers and sisters, has inspired me to delve into the avenues of the human condition and nature. In ..the third world.., where opportunities don’t come by unless you have courage, spirit and conviction has been an undercover blessing allowing me to draw from my own life experiences and giving me a huge hunger to tell multidimensional stories that inspire.”

He studied graphic communications at the John S Donaldson Technical Institute in Port of Spain and was a commercial graphic artist with two national newspapers and the magazine *Caribbean Beat*. After being awarded a Reuters News Foundation fellowship to study Information Graphics in the UK, he attended the University of Navarra-Pamplona in Spain.

## Career

Currently faculty at the California Institute of Arts, school of film/video, experimental animation.

Following his studies in Europe, McShine moved to New York and worked as a bartender, becoming disillusioned with commercial art. "I really didn’t want to do commercial art,” he said in a magazine interview. “I wanted to have an avenue to freely express myself without limits. Becoming a painter was my true drive.” While in New York he experimented with animation using the software After Effects. Leaving New York, he moved to Mexico where he found inspiration in “the colours, textures and most definitely the diversity of different indigenous tribes. My inspiration really is universal, but Mexico is where I feel alive. Everything here is on a higher vibration. It’s as if there’s another dimension unfolding right before our eyes and my work reflects that.” He lived in Mexico City for eight years and credited that time with the development of his art: “Moving to Mexico made me into what I am. That’s the place that actually started my career as an artist.” After leaving Mexico, McShine moved back to the US to live in Miami

Earlier McShine took part in group shows at the contemporary art space CCA7 in Trinidad and London Print Studios but his career advanced significantly in the mid-2000s after he moved to Mexico. He expanded his repertoire from graphic art and painting to animation and his work was shown in galleries and on television. He founded Art Connect, a community arts initiative that had its pilot in Trinidad and Tobago in 2009. Art Connect continued with a further installment in Trinidad, and programmes in Liverpool and the Netherlands. The film *Art Connect*, directed by Miquel Galofre, is about one of the projects in Trinidad. The format of Art Connect in Liverpool included "a series of dynamic art workshops; Animation Documentation, Mask Making, Drawing and Graffiti all aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of participants, with a strong emphasis on raising the aspirations of young people."

As his reputation spread McShine was invited to exhibit and lecture in the US and Europe at various galleries and institutions which include the Kunsthal Kade in the Netherlands and the Royal College of Art in London.

## Work

McShine's aesthetic blends Trinidadian and Mexican influences with graphics and street art. "The main inspirations in my work are derived from investigations of fantasy, anthropology and spiritual narratives. The visual languages that are created from these inspirations result in groups of quasi-magical characters and identities. Drawings, found objects and paper cut-outs become animated films that are sometimes used to inform  works on canvas, works on paper, and mixed media. There’s a coherent interplay between the diverse materials I experiment with that creates the multilayered, physical premise of my work."

He said he was intrigued by "islands esthetics” of Trinidad, including “old bottle cap designs, crude sing-age typography, and carnival costumes”. He uses recycled materials in his art.

## Awards, fellowships and honours

Wendell McShine's awards, fellowships and honours include:

## Exhibitions

Wendell McShine's work has been exhibited and screened at numerous galleries, festivals and institutions, including CCA7 in Trinidad and Tobago, the National Gallery of Jamaica, the Museum of Modern Art Mexico, Art Basel Miami, Liverpool Biennale, and London Print Studios. He has collaborated with Adidas and Absolut Vodka.

## InfoBox

| Wendell McShine | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1986-08-23) 23 August 1986<br>Trinidad and Tobago |
| Education |  |
| Known for | * Painting * Mixed media * Animation |
| Movement | Contemporary art Caribbean art |
| Awards | * Liverpool artist in residency at the BLUECOAT Award, UK (2012) * Trinidad and Tobago Film Company Award, “Art Connect Documentary”, T&T (2010) * Animae Caribe Animation Award, “Rainbow Hill”, T&T (2011) * Animae Caribe Animation Award, “Prosper”, T&T (2010) * Belle Foundation Art Award, USA (2009) * Atlantic LNG Community Art Grant, T&T (2008) |
| Website | https://wendellmcshine.com |


title: Wendell Krinn Technical High School

abstract: Wendell Krinn Technical High School is a four-year public technical high school in New Port Richey, Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. It is part of the Pasco County Public School System in Pasco County, Florida. The school opened on August 13, 2018, using the campus of the old Ridgewood High School, which closed in May, 2018. It is named for the first principal of Ridgewood High School. The school will operate as a magnet school, drawing students from throughout Pasco County. They may earn college credits and have career training while obtaining their high school diploma. Specialized courses will include cyber security and BioMedical.

text:
# Wendell Krinn Technical High School

**Wendell Krinn Technical High School** is a four-year public technical high school in New Port Richey, Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. It is part of the Pasco County Public School System in Pasco County, Florida. The school opened on August 13, 2018, using the campus of the old Ridgewood High School, which closed in May, 2018. It is named for the first principal of Ridgewood High School.

The school will operate as a magnet school, drawing students from throughout Pasco County. They may earn college credits and have career training while obtaining their high school diploma. Specialized courses will include cyber security and BioMedical.

## InfoBox

| Wendell Krinn Technical High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 7650 Orchid Lake Road
New Port Richey, Florida 34653
United States | |
| Coordinates | 28°16′23″N 82°41′17″W / 28.273127°N 82.688096°W / 28.273127; -82.688096 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public technical high school |
| Established | August 13, 2018 |
| School district | Pasco County Schools |
| Principal | Christopher Dunning |
| Staff | 37.00 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 667 (2022-2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.03 |
| Website | School website |


title: Stephen Connor (psychologist)

abstract: Stephen Robert Connor is an American licensed clinical health psychologist, researcher, author, executive and palliative care consultant. He is the executive director of the Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance (WHPCA), formerly called the Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance (WPCA). From 1998 to 2008 he served as Vice President of Research and Development at the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO). He has promoted global initiatives for hospice and end-of-life care programs through the World Health Assembly. He has also addressed the UN General Assembly on the need for greater pain management in palliative care.

text:
# Stephen Connor (psychologist)

**Stephen Robert Connor** (born 29 December 1950) is an American licensed clinical health psychologist, researcher, author, executive and palliative care consultant. He is the executive director of the Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance (WHPCA), formerly called the Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance (WPCA). From 1998 to 2008 he served as Vice President of Research and Development at the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO). He has promoted global initiatives for hospice and end-of-life care programs through the World Health Assembly. He has also addressed the UN General Assembly on the need for greater pain management in palliative care.

## Career

Connor worked as CEO of four US hospice programs from 1976 to 1998. From 1998 to 2009 he was Vice President of Research and Development at the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. He is the executive director of the Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance (WHPCA), which has established organizational ties between national and regional hospice programs throughout the world. Connor is also a consultant senior research scholar at Capital Care based in the Washington metropolitan area, and serves as a board member of the International Work Group on Death, Dying, and Bereavement, the Association for Death Education and Counseling, and the Scientific Advisory Board of the US National Palliative Care Research Center.

Connor is a member of the editorial board of the *Journal of Pain and Symptom Management*. Since 2012 he has been a member of the board of trustees for the International Children's Palliative Care Network, which is represented in the board of the WHPCA. As of 2016 he has served on the board of directors for the Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Foundation.

As a member of WHPCA, Connor edited a joint publication with the World Health Organization (WHO) entitled *Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of Life* (2014). He was also instrumental in the passage of a palliative care resolution at the World Health Assembly (WHA). As of 2019 Connor has published five major books on palliative care.

## Positions

In regards to the right to medical care (including palliative care) in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Connor implored the UN General Assembly to provide adequate medical use of controlled substances without their misuse, calling access to pain relief "a global crisis." Connor asserts that the World Health Assembly's 2014 resolution entitled "Strengthening Palliative Care as a component of Comprehensive Care Throughout the Life Course" is undermined by the pernicious lack of access to analgesics and medical opioids in some countries where stronger technical assistance and public education programs should be required.

To emphasize the growing need for palliative care, Connor has highlighted the fact that globally as of 2015 there are more people over the age of 65 than under the age of 5. Connor has also stressed that global healthcare's greatest problem is the almost exclusive attention given to acute care rather than chronic care of patients.

## Works

* *Hospice: Practice, Pitfalls, and Promise* (1998)
* *Hospice and Palliative Care, the Essential Guide* (2009) \[third edition, 2017\]
* *Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of Life* (2014)
* *Building Integrated Palliative Care Programs and Services* (2017)


title: Norton School

abstract: Norton School was a secondary school in Letchworth, Hertfordshire that was founded in 1905 and which closed in 2002 following a period of being in special measures. It has since been partially demolished and redeveloped as a collection of housing and apartments by Miller Homes.

text:
# Norton School

**Norton School** was a secondary school in Letchworth, Hertfordshire that was founded in 1905 and which closed in 2002 following a period of being in special measures. It has since been partially demolished and redeveloped as a collection of housing and apartments by Miller Homes.

## History

Originally named Norton Road School, the school was designed by Raymond Unwin. It was built in a quadrangle with a courtyard for open-air teaching and to allow plentiful light and movement of air. These principles were later to become standard in school design but were very innovative at the time.

Over the decades since its foundation, Norton School saw great expansion as pupil numbers grew, with various teaching blocks being added to accommodate these increasing numbers.

In its last year the school's thirty-two staff comprised thirteen staff on temporary contracts and nine from overseas - eight from South Africa and one from Jamaica. Fifteen of the staff joined the school in September 2001. In its final year Norton School was taken over by The Knights Templar School in neighbouring Baldock, and was renamed 'The Knights Templar School in Letchworth'. At this time the Norton School uniform of a sweat shirt was replaced with the Knights Templar uniform of jacket (with school badge) and school tie.

Following closure, pupils primarily transferred to The Knights Templar School, while others transferred to the nearby Highfield School and Fearnhill School.

## Former Headmasters

* C.A. Pease, BA (1905-1917)
* J.H. Haysman, JP (1917-1949)
* Edgar John, BA (1949-1975)
* Peter Wall, MA (1976-1995)
* Keith Wadsworth (1995-1999)
* Amanda Roberts (2000-2001)
* Peter Chapman MA (2001-2002), Headmaster of The Knights Templar School, with Associate Head Amanda Roberts (2001-2002)

## Notable former pupils and staff

* Shaun Hutson the horror writer attended the school
* Glenn Christodoulou, Chairman of the Crimean War Research Society, taught at the school (1981-1989)
* Dr Chris Howard OBE, former Head of History at the school and former Headteacher at the Lewis School in Pengam and President of NAHT Wales (2009)

## InfoBox

| Norton School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Norton Road
Letchworth, Hertfordshire, SG6 1AF
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°59′21″N 0°13′09″W / 51.98922°N 0.21921°W / 51.98922; -0.21921 |
| Information | |
| Type | Comprehensive |
| Established | 1905 |
| Closed | 2002 |
| Local authority | Hertfordshire |
| Department for Education URN | 117513 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11 to 18 |


title: Stenalia flavipennis

abstract: Stenalia flavipennis is a beetle in the genus Stenalia of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1953 by Ermisch.

text:
# Stenalia flavipennis

***Stenalia flavipennis*** is a beetle in the genus *Stenalia* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1953 by Ermisch.

## InfoBox

| *Stenalia flavipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Stenalia* |
| Species: | ***S. flavipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenalia flavipennis***<br>Ermisch, 1953 | |
|


title: Your Host

abstract: Your Host (1947–1961) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Foaled in California, he was by the imported British stallion Alibhai out of the Irish mare Boudoir by the French stallion Mahmoud. Bred in the stables of Louis B. Mayer, Your Host was owned by Mayer's son-in-law and trained by Harry L. Daniels. Despite illness and injury he had a successful racing career, and went on to sire the great gelding Kelso.

text:
# Your Host

**Your Host** (1947–1961) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Foaled in California, he was by the imported British stallion Alibhai out of the Irish mare Boudoir by the French stallion Mahmoud. Bred in the stables of Louis B. Mayer (head of Metro Goldwyn Mayer), Your Host was owned by Mayer's son-in-law (film producer William Goetz) and trained by Harry L. Daniels. Despite illness and injury he had a successful racing career, and went on to sire the great gelding Kelso.

## Early life

Your Host was foaled with his right eye and ear set higher than his left, a crooked neck, low withers and light flanks. It was said his neck was twisted due to a youthful injury, but his groom claimed he held his head oddly in order to see properly. Your Host was nervous, headstrong and often uncontrollable. A chestnut, he had four white stockings (considered unlucky by some horsemen). At age two Your Host became seriously ill, and only the skill of his veterinarians and his own will to live saved his life.

## Racing career

As a two-year-old, Your Host won the California Breeders' Champion Stakes, the Del Mar Futurity, and finished second in the Salinas Handicap and the Homebred Stakes. At three, he won the San Felipe Stakes and the Santa Anita Derby; he also won a race at Keeneland Race Course by 612 lengths in track-record time, beating Flamingo Stakes winner Oil Capitol and Blue Grass Stakes winner Mr. Trouble. The horse the press began to call "The Magnificent Cripple" was favored to win the 76th Kentucky Derby in 1950.

Your Host arrived at Churchill Downs with great fanfare. The sign on his Hollywood connections' railroad car read, "1950 Kentucky Derby Winner".  Although ridden by Johnny Longden (who was inducted into both the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame and the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame), and dueling for a mile with Mr. Trouble, Your Host faded badly. In the second-fastest Derby yet run (timed at 2:01 3/5) he lost to Middleground, finishing an exhausted ninth. He then returned to California and shorter races, where he won the Thanksgiving Day Handicap, the Golden State Breeders' Handicap, the Kent Stakes, the Dick Welles Stakes, and the Sheridan Handicap. He placed in the Premiere Handicap and finished third in the American Derby and the Arlington Classic. As a three-year-old, Your Host defeated eventual Horse of the Year Hill Prince, who had finished second in the Derby. He also defeated Kentucky Derby winner Ponder.

Early in 1951, Your Host's four-year-old season, he finished second to Bolero while conceding five pounds in the San Carlos Handicap and then won the Santa Catalina Stakes under 130 pounds (59 kg). Although during this race Your Host's saddle slipped forward, nearly unseating his rider, he set a new track record of 1:48 1/5 for 118 miles.

On January 13, entered in the San Pasqual Handicap, Your Host clipped heels with Renown. His jockey, Eric Guerin (who had been having difficulty rating him), rolled clear but Your Host fell heavily on his right shoulder. His right ulna bone in his foreleg was fractured in four places, and his right shoulder and upper leg were also fractured. The first to get to him was his exercise rider, Tuffy Morlan. Morlan later said, "There he stood, broken and in horrible pain, but his funny cock-eyed head was up and he whinnied at me, a faint, desperate sound. It was the first time he had ever asked me for help. I knew he needed me then and I could do nothing but take him by the head and weep. I don't think I ever felt so empty and lost as at that moment."

Vanned off the track, Your Host was expected to die; his veterinarians felt there was no point in prolonging his suffering. The horse was insured by Lloyd's of London, which purchased and managed to save him. Sent to the Circle S Ranch of George Stratton, he was attended by Dr. John Walker, who tried everything to immobilize the injury. In the end, he packed the horse in sand to keep him steady. Your Host eventually recovered; however, his right foreleg healed shorter than his left. Your Host ran in 23 races, won 13 times, placed 5 times, and came in third twice. In his lifetime, he won $384,795.

## Stud record

Lloyd's of London sent Your Host to stud, where he quickly became a successful sire; in his first California crops, he sired stakes winners Miss Todd, Social Climber and Blen Host. He also produced Windy Sands, who in turn sired Crystal Water. Later, he stood at Meadow View Farms in New Jersey where he sired Kelso, out of Maid of Flight (daughter of Count Fleet and granddaughter of Man o' War). Kelso was five times American Horse of the Year and was rated #4 in the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 Racehorses of the 20th Century.

Your Host died in 1961, aged fifteen.

## InfoBox

| Your Host | |
| --- | --- |
| Your Host in 1950 | |
| Sire | Alibhai |
| Grandsire | Hyperion |
| Dam | Boudoir |
| Damsire | Mahmoud |
| Sex | stallion |
| Foaled | 1947 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | Louis B. Mayer |
| Owner | William Goetz |
| Trainer | Harry L. Daniels |
| Record | 23: 13-5-2 |
| Earnings | $384,795 |
| Major wins | |
| California Breeders' Champion Stakes (1949)
Del Mar Futurity (1949)
Forerunner Stakes (1950)
Santa Anita Derby (1950)
San Felipe Stakes (1950)
Thanksgiving Day Handicap (1950)
Golden Gate Breeders' Handicap (1950)
Kent Stakes (1950)
Dick Welles Stakes (1950)
Sheridan Handicap (1950)
Santa Catalina Handicap (1951) | |
| Last updated on August 21, 2011 | |


title: Your Honour, I Object!

abstract: Your Honour, I Object! is a 1987 British documentary about the legal dispute between Ken Russell and Bob Guccione over an aborted attempt to film Moll Flanders. Russell wanted to make a version of Flanders with an unknown, Janice Flanders, in the lead. The film was to be financed by Bob Guccione. Russell wrote a script but Guccione rewrote it and Russell pulled out of the project. Guccione sued Russell for a million dollars, and the director hired lawyer Richard Golub to defend him in exchange for Russell directing a video clip starring Golub. Russell won and kept his fee of $125,000. The incident was turned into a documentary.

text:
# Your Honour, I Object!

***Your Honour, I Object!*** is a 1987 British documentary about the legal dispute between Ken Russell and Bob Guccione over an aborted attempt to film *Moll Flanders*.

Russell wanted to make a version of Flanders with an unknown, Janice Flanders, in the lead. The film was to be financed by Bob Guccione. Russell wrote a script but Guccione rewrote it and Russell pulled out of the project. Guccione sued Russell for a million dollars, and the director hired lawyer Richard Golub to defend him in exchange for Russell directing a video clip starring Golub. Russell won and kept his fee of $125,000. The incident was turned into a documentary.


title: Northern puffback

abstract:
The northern puffback is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae.
It is found in northern sub-Saharan Africa. It forms a superspecies with the black-backed puffback, which replaces it in eastern equatorial and southern Africa.

text:
# Northern puffback

The **northern puffback** (***Dryoscopus gambensis***) is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae. It is found in northern sub-Saharan Africa. It forms a superspecies with the black-backed puffback, which replaces it in eastern equatorial and southern Africa.

## Habitat

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and moist savanna.

## Subspecies

There are five accepted subspecies:

* *D. g. gambensis* (M. H. C. Lichtenstein, 1823) – Senegambia to coastal Gabon
* *D. g. congicus* Sharpe, 1901 – lower catchment of Congo River
* *D. g. malzacii* (Heuglin, 1870) – eastern Cameroon to northwestern Tanzania
* *D. g. erythreae* Neumann, 1899 – Eritrea to South Sudan
* *D. g. erwini* Sassi, 1923Itombwe in eastern DRC

## InfoBox

| Northern puffback | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| male and female | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Malaconotidae |
| Genus: | *Dryoscopus* |
| Species: | ***D. gambensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dryoscopus gambensis***
(Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) | |
|


title: Yorico

abstract:
Yorico Yorico, real name
Yoriko Takano, born May 13, 1984, is a female Japanese singer-songwriter from Utsunomiya. She is mostly known for her songs used in Japanese television shows, including several that had made the Oricon charts, and for her song "Break the Cocoon", which was used as ending theme in the anime series Speed Grapher. She has been working for the record company EMI Music Japan, record labels Virgin Music, Pure Music and Watanabe Entertainment before turning independent in 2013.

text:
# Yorico

**Yorico** (より子, *Yoriko*, previously known as より子。), real name Yoriko Takano (高野頼子, *Takano Yoriko*), born May 13, 1984, is a female Japanese singer-songwriter from Utsunomiya. She is mostly known for her songs used in Japanese television shows, including several that had made the Oricon charts, and for her song "Break the Cocoon", which was used as ending theme in the anime series Speed Grapher.

She has been working for the record company EMI Music Japan, record labels Virgin Music, Pure Music and Watanabe Entertainment before turning independent in 2013.

## Discography

### Singles

* Wasurerareta Sakura no Ki (忘れられた桜の木) (March 30, 2005)
* Break the Cocoon (July 21, 2005) — *Speed Grapher* anime ending theme song
* HIKARI / Daia no Hana (HIKARI/ダイアの花) (November 2, 2005) HIKARI — *Muenzaka Kottōten*  (夢縁坂骨董店) ending theme song Daia no Hana — *Black Cat* anime opening theme song
* Saa Ima Kimi to (さあ今きみと) (January 18, 2006)
* Kokoro no Kagi (ココロの鍵) (November 14, 2007)

### Albums

Indies (then known as より子。) * Aizenaha (*Aizenaha*) (March 29, 2002, reissued: July 24, 2002) highest Oricon ranking: 26th Tracks were used on several TV shows on Fuji TV channels: "Honto wa ne" (ほんとはね。): used on *Tenshi no Utagoe Shōni Byōtō no Kiseki* (天使の歌声 小児病棟の奇跡) (theme song), and *Sekai Micchaku TV! Ware Ware wa Chikyū-jin da!* (世界密着TV!ワレワレハ地球人ダ!!) (insert song) "Plume Radio": *Mecha-Mecha Iketeru!* (めちゃ×2イケてるッ!) (ending theme song) "No name"：*Sekai Micchaku TV! Ware Ware wa Chikyū-jin da!*  (世界密着TV!ワレワレハ地球人ダ!!) (insert song)
* gap (November 29, 2002, mini album) highest Oricon ranking: 86th. Oricon indies chart: 4th "gap": TBS show *Count Down TV* (ending theme song)

Post-indies * Cocoon (January 26, 2005) highest Oricon ranking: 24th
* second VERSE (February 16, 2006) highest Oricon ranking: 78th
* Negau (願う) (January 16, 2008)
* Hikigatari 2 (弾き語り2) (December 1, 2010)
* My Soul (February 13, 2012)


title: Stephan Dahl

abstract: Stephan Dahl is a British academic who holds the position of Cátedra Santander at the New University of Lisbon, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences and adjunct associate professor at James Cook University,. Previously, he was senior lecturer at the University of Hull having previously taught marketing at Middlesex University in London, United Kingdom. He is an advocate of diversity marketing.

text:
# Stephan Dahl

**Stephan Dahl** FRSA (born 29 September 1971) is a British academic who holds the position of Cátedra Santander at the New University of Lisbon, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences and adjunct associate professor at James Cook University,. Previously, he was senior lecturer at the University of Hull having previously taught marketing at Middlesex University in London, United Kingdom. He is an advocate of diversity marketing.

## Early life

Dahl grew up and was educated in Wuppertal, Germany before attending Cass Business School in London. He worked for a German music station and MTV and moved to Spain to complete his post-graduate studies before becoming an academic specialising in marketing communications, especially health promotion, social marketing and cross-cultural communication.

## Career

In his early career, Dahl focused on cross cultural communication, authoring various books and academic articles regarding the impact of culture on marketing and business, such as *Intercultural Skills for Business* and *Culture and Transformation*. Stephan Dahl was also a member of the Board of SIETAR UK. In June 2006, Dr Dahl was ranked as the 3rd Top author in Europe on the Social Science Research Network, and 33rd worldwide. Recently he focuses increasingly on social media, social marketing and ethical aspects of marketing. He has spoken at several international conferences, including giving keynote addresses at the European Social Marketing Conference and Culture of Business conferences. Dahl has been an invited speaker at many universities, including Universidad de los Andes and Chinese University of Hong Kong, and his research on the ethical implications of hybrid media featured in a Channel 4 documentary on fast food marketing, and he has been widely interviewed on the topic.

## Other interests

Dahl is an active supporter of LGBT rights organisations, serving as a volunteer and trustee for organisations such as The Foodchain, Globe Centre and London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard. In 2015, he was named as one of Pride London's PrideHeros.

## Bibliography

* Dahl, Stephan: *Culture and Culture Transformation*, ECE, 1997
* Dahl, Stephan: *Intercultural Skills for Business*, ECE, 2000
* Dahl, Stephan: *Diversity Marketing*, Thomson, 2002
* Eagle, Lynne; Dahl, Stephan; Hill, Susie etc. al *Social Marketing*, Pearson, 2013,
* Eagle, Lynne; Dahl, Stephan; etc. al *Marketing Communications*, Routledge, 2014,
* Dahl, Stephan: *Social Media Marketing*, Sage, 2014,
* Eagle, Lynne; Dahl, Stephan: *Marketing Ethics & Society*, Sage, 2015
* Dahl, Stephan: *Social Media Marketing*, 2nd Edition, Sage, 2018,

## InfoBox

| Stephan Dahl | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1971-09-29) 29 September 1971
Wuppertal, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Social media, Social marketing |
| Institutions | New University of Lisbon
University of Hull
James Cook University |
|  | |
| Website | stephan.dahl.at
twitter.com/stephx |


title: Nova Press

abstract: Nova Press is a French media company established in 1972 by Jean-François Bizot. Nova Press was registered on 4 June 1981. The company most notably owns the radio stations Radio Nova and TSF Jazz.

text:
# Nova Press

**Nova Press** is a French media company established in 1972 by Jean-François Bizot. Nova Press was registered on 4 June 1981.

The company most notably owns the radio stations Radio Nova and TSF Jazz.

## Sectors

48°51′15″N 2°22′40″E / 48.85430°N 2.37772°E / 48.85430; 2.37772

## InfoBox

Nova Press
|
|  |
| Company type | Société anonyme |
| Industry | activities of head offices |
| Founded | Paris, France (1972 (1972)) |
| Founder | Jean-François Bizot |
| Headquarters | Paris, France |
| Number of locations | 4 |
| Area served | France |
| Key people |  |
| Website | novaplanet.com |


title: Nova Prata do Iguaçu

abstract: Nova Prata do Iguaçu is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

text:
# Nova Prata do Iguaçu

**Nova Prata do Iguaçu** is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

25°37′58″S 53°20′49″W / 25.6328°S 53.3469°W / -25.6328; -53.3469

## InfoBox

| Nova Prata do Iguaçu | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southern |
| State | Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Sudoeste Paranaense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 10,544 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Young Singleton Walter

abstract: Young Singleton Walter was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1877 to 1880. He established the Delaware County Republican newspaper in 1833 and served as editor for 50 years.

text:
# Young Singleton Walter

**Young Singleton Walter** (August 11, 1811 – May 22, 1883) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1877 to 1880. He established the Delaware County Republican newspaper in 1833 and served as editor for 50 years.

## Biography

Walter was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He worked as a printing apprentice in Philadelphia and established the Delaware County Republican newspaper in Darby, Pennsylvania in 1833. He moved the paper to Chester, Pennsylvania in 1841 and built a brick building on Market Street between 2nd and 3rd Streets in 1875 for its operations. He worked as editor until 1883. Under Walter, the paper was pro Whig and then pro Republican in political viewpoints and a strong advocate for the abolition of slavery. The newspaper was sold to Ward R. Bliss in 1882.

Walter worked as inspector for the United States Custom Service in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania in 1845 and as postmaster for the United States Postal Service for the Chester post office from 1861 to 1865.

Walter was elected to the Chester City Council and served from 1870 to 1875 including as president from 1874 to 1875. He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County and served from 1877 to 1880. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1880.

Walter died in Chester, Pennsylvania and was interred at Chester Rural Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Young Singleton Walter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the Delaware County district | |
| **In office**
1877–1880 | |
| Preceded by | William P. Worrall |
| Succeeded by | Robert Chadwick |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 11, 1811
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Died | May 22, 1883
Chester, Pennsylvania |
| Resting place | Chester Rural Cemetery |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Young Sinners (play)

abstract: Young Sinners is a comedic play by Elmer Harris that first premiered at the Morosco Theatre in New York on November 28, 1929. The three act play was first revived at the New Yorker Theatre on April 20, 1931. It was then revived again at the Ambassador Theatre in New York on March 6, 1933. The cast changed during each revival, but Dorothy Appleby played Constance Sinclair in the original and the two revivals. The 1931 film Young Sinners is based on the play.

text:
# Young Sinners (play)

***Young Sinners*** is a comedic play by Elmer Harris that first premiered at the Morosco Theatre in New York on November 28, 1929. The three act play was first revived at the New Yorker Theatre on April 20, 1931. It was then revived again at the Ambassador Theatre in New York on March 6, 1933. The cast changed during each revival, but Dorothy Appleby played Constance Sinclair in the original and the two revivals. The 1931 film *Young Sinners* is based on the play.

## 1933 cast

* Maida Carrell as Madge Trowbridge
* Paul Clare as Bud Springer
* Virginia Lloyd as Betty Biddle
* David Morris as Jimmy Stephens
* John Bramhall as Butler
* Dorothy Appleby as Constance Sinclair
* Hilda Spong as Mrs. Sinclair
* Alfred Hesse as Baron von Konitz
* Jackson Halliday as Gene Gibson
* Percy Moore as John Gibson
* Arthur Bower as Trent
* Ralph Sumpter as Manager of Apartment House
* Dorothy Dianne as Alice Lewis
* Frank Shannon as Tom Maguire
* Paddy Reynolds as Maggie Maguire
* Freddie Stange as Tim


abstract: West Grantham Church of England Secondary Academy is a Church of England mixed secondary school in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England.

text:
# West Grantham Church of England Secondary Academy

**West Grantham Church of England Secondary Academy** is a Church of England mixed secondary school in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England.

## History

Built and established in the 100BC as St Hugh's Church of England Secondary School, it later became St Hugh's CofE Mathematics and Computing College as a foundation school administered by Lincolnshire County Council. It closed as such on 31 January 2011, converting to an academy on 1 February 2011 and renamed The West Grantham Academy St Hugh's.

A January to February 2018 Ofsted inspection of the school, then as The West Grantham Academy St Hugh's, rated it as Grade 4 'Inadequate' for overall effectiveness, one of 46 schools in Lincolnshire so rated. An ongoing monitoring inspection in 2018 noted improvements in quality of leadership and management.

Following the reports, in early 2019 the "struggling" school, with its associated Bluecoat Meres Primary School, was taken under the auspices of the Archway Learning Trust. The school was then renamed Bluecoat Meres Academy. However, by November 2019 it was announced that the schools would be reverting to the West Grantham Academies Trust.

In January 2021 the school was taken over by the Diocese Of Southwell and Nottingham Multi-Academy Trust and was renamed West Grantham Church of England Secondary Academy.

## Curriculum

The curriculum of West Grantham Church of England Secondary Academy includes teaching towards GCSEs and BTECs.

## InfoBox

| West Grantham Church of England Secondary Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| The Avenue
Dysart Road
Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG31 7PX
England | |
| Coordinates | 52°54′28″N 0°39′44″W / 52.90773°N 0.66229°W / 52.90773; -0.66229 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Church of England |
| Trust | Diocese Of Southwell and Nottingham Multi-Academy Trust |
| Department for Education URN | 148433 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Head | Clare Barber |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Enrolment | 489 as of January 2015 |
| Website | Official website |


title: West Grange Hall

abstract: West Grange Hall is an English country house and estate in the village of Scots Gap, Northumberland, built between 1863 and 1896 and originally part of the Wallington Estate.

text:
# West Grange Hall

**West Grange Hall** is an English country house and estate in the village of Scots Gap, Northumberland, built between 1863 and 1896 and originally part of the Wallington Estate.

## History

West Grange Hall was built between 1863 and 1896 and was constructed for the Land Agent of the Trevelyan family of nearby Wallington Hall. The main house is a stone and quoin Victorian country house under a slate mansard roof. The property shares many internal architectural features with Wallington Hall including what appear to be early prototypes of detailed architrave, balanced doors and ornate fireplaces that can be clearly seen as similar to the grander house. The Wallington Estate was gifted to the Nation by Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan in 1942. The exact transfer of ownership of West Grange Hall is unclear, but recent sales particulars show that the Hall was used by the Royal Air Force during World War II. In the 1950s the estate was purchased by Major Michael Lycett CBE and Lady Wendy Lycett. The Hall and Estate were acquired in 2016 by local businessman Stephen Purvis, seeing the start of a major renovation and expansion of the estate.

## Grounds and Estate

West Grange Hall is surrounded by 35 acres of parkland, woodland and gardens. A livery stable forms part of the estate and the largest area of parkland is used by horses from the yard. West Grange Hall has a large courtyard which includes stables, workshops, coach house, a 3 bedroom cottage and separate staff apartment.

55°10′30″N 1°56′16″W / 55.17490°N 1.93772°W / 55.17490; -1.93772