title: Togolese cuisine

abstract: Togolese cuisine is the cuisine of the Togolese Republic, a country in Western Africa. Staple foods in Togolese cuisine include maize, rice, millet, cassava, yam, plantain and beans. Maize is the most commonly consumed food in the Togolese Republic. Fish is a significant source of protein. People in Togo tend to eat at home, but there are also restaurants and food stalls.

text:
# Togolese cuisine

**Togolese cuisine** is the cuisine of the Togolese Republic, a country in Western Africa. Staple foods in Togolese cuisine include maize, rice, millet, cassava, yam, plantain and beans. Maize is the most commonly consumed food in the Togolese Republic. Fish is a significant source of protein. People in Togo tend to eat at home, but there are also restaurants and food stalls.

## Foods and dishes

Togolese style is often a combination of African, French, and German influences. The cuisine has many sauces and different types of *pâté*, many of which are made from eggplant, tomato, spinach, and fish. The cuisine combines these foods with various types of meat and vegetables to create flavorful dishes. Roadside food stands sell foods such as groundnuts, omelettes, brochettes, corn-on-the-cob, and cooked prawns.

Additional foods and dishes include:

* *Agouti*, known as "grasscutters".
* *Akpan*, fermented maize dessert.
* Baguette bread
* Chili peppers are often used as a spice
* *Fufu* is very common, made from peeled and boiled yams which are then pounded with a pestle until reaching a dough consistency. *Fufu* is typically accompanied with sauces.
* Goat meat.
* *Koklo meme*, grilled chicken with a chili sauce.
* *Kokonte*, a *pâté* made from cassava
* *Pâté*, a commonly consumed cornmeal cake.
* Peanuts
* *Riz sauce d’arachide*, a rice dish made with groundnut sauce.
* *Akume*, prepared from ground maize served with a side, usually okra soup.

## Beverages

* Togo Food from Culinary Encyclopedia by ifood.tv

## InfoBox

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Ablotò: Preparing Ablo in Assahoun, Togo. (Cuisine togolaise) | |


title: National Trade Unions' Federation

abstract:
The National Trade Unions’ Federation (NTUF) is the sole national trade union center in Libya. It was formed in 1972 and is closely associated with the Libyan regime of Muammar al-Gaddafi. ICTUR reports that:
No strikes have been reported for many years. According to the government, workers may strike but do not need to because they control their enterprises. External sources, however, reject this assessment. The NTUF is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.

text:
# National Trade Unions' Federation

The **National Trade Unions’ Federation** (NTUF) is the sole national trade union center in Libya. It was formed in 1972 and is closely associated with the Libyan regime of Muammar al-Gaddafi.

ICTUR reports that:

> No strikes have been reported for many years. According to the government, workers may strike but do not need to because they control their enterprises. External sources, however, reject this assessment.

The NTUF is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.

* ICTUR; et al., eds. (2005). *Trade Unions of the World* (6th ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. ISBN 0-9543811-5-7.

## InfoBox

NTUF
| National Trade Unions’ Federation | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1972 |
| Location |  |
| Key people | Abdalla Idriss, General Secretary |
| Affiliations | WFTU, ICATU |


abstract: Westlawn-Hillcrest Funeral Home and Memorial Park is a funeral home, cemetery and crematory located at 5701 Center Street in Omaha, Nebraska.

text:
# Westlawn-Hillcrest Funeral Home and Memorial Park

**Westlawn-Hillcrest Funeral Home and Memorial Park** is a funeral home, cemetery and crematory located at 5701 Center Street in Omaha, Nebraska.

## About

Westlawn-Hillcrest consists of two cemeteries, the older Westlawn cemetery contains many upright stones, while the newer Hillcrest is a garden plan cemetery where only flat stones are allowed. The N. P. Dodge Co. was the original owner of Westlawn Cemetery. The first burials in Westlawn Cemetery occurred in 1910.

The Westlawn Mausoleum was designed by New York architect Henry Bacon, designer of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The structure, costing in excess of $460,000, was built between 1913 and 1915. The Classic Revival and Greco-Roman Temple mausoleum was officially dedicated on September 12, 1915. The structure is made from the same Colorado-Yule marble as the Lincoln Memorial.

In the center of Hillcrest portion of the cemetery, above the Memorial Lawn section, is the *Singing Tower*. The Art Deco Singing Tower was built in 1931, and was modeled after the famous Bok Tower in Lake Wales, Florida. The Tower plays music daily from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

A funeral home located within the cemetery perimeter opened in 1998. Cremations are also performed onsite.

## InfoBox

| Westlawn-Hillcrest Funeral Home and Memorial Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Westlawn Mausoleum | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Location | 5701 Center Street, Omaha, Nebraska |


title: Paraplatyptilia carolina

abstract: Paraplatyptilia carolina is a moth of the family Pterophoridae described by William D. Kearfott in 1907. It is found in the southeastern United States, including Florida, southern Mississippi, North Carolina and Georgia. The wingspan is about 20–25 millimetres (0.79–0.98 in). The head, palpi, thorax and forewings are clay yellow. The forewing is minutely dotted with a darker shade and the costa from inner third to outer fourth is dusted with blackish scales. There is a dark brown dot below the costa and another on the lower lobe just within and below the inner end of the cleft. There is a similar spot on the apex of the second lobe. The hindwings are the same color as the forewings but with a faint pinkish tinge, with brownish lines before the cilia and a tiny black dot near the outer end of the cilia of the third lobe. The body is shaded with brown posteriorly and on the sides, with a few whitish scales in the lateral tufts. The legs are bleached straw color, dusted with brown.

text:
# Paraplatyptilia carolina

***Paraplatyptilia carolina*** is a moth of the family Pterophoridae described by William D. Kearfott in 1907. It is found in the southeastern United States, including Florida, southern Mississippi, North Carolina and Georgia.

The wingspan is about 20–25 millimetres (0.79–0.98 in). The head, palpi, thorax and forewings are clay yellow. The forewing is minutely dotted with a darker shade and the costa from inner third to outer fourth is dusted with blackish scales. There is a dark brown dot below the costa and another on the lower lobe just within and below the inner end of the cleft. There is a similar spot on the apex of the second lobe. The hindwings are the same color as the forewings but with a faint pinkish tinge, with brownish lines before the cilia and a tiny black dot near the outer end of the cilia of the third lobe. The body is shaded with brown posteriorly and on the sides, with a few whitish scales in the lateral tufts. The legs are bleached straw color, dusted with brown.

## InfoBox

| *Paraplatyptilia carolina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Paraplatyptilia* |
| Species: | ***P. carolina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paraplatyptilia carolina***<br>(Kearfott, 1907) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Platyptilia carolina* Kearfott, 1907 * *Stenoptilodes carolina* | |


title: Grace Preparatory Academy of Durango

abstract: Grace Preparatory Academy of Durango was a private, college-preparatory Christian school located in Durango, Colorado, United States. Founded in 2001, it offered programs for seventh through twelfth grade students. It had been a member of the National Association of University-Model Schools since 2006 and was a member of the Association of Christian Schools International.

text:
# Grace Preparatory Academy of Durango

**Grace Preparatory Academy of Durango** was a private, college-preparatory Christian school located in Durango, Colorado, United States. Founded in 2001, it offered programs for seventh through twelfth grade students. It had been a member of the National Association of University-Model Schools since 2006 and was a member of the Association of Christian Schools International.

## Educational model

Grace Preparatory Academy of Durango adhered to the educational model known as the University-Model School® (UMS) which combines two elements of educational success, the professional classroom instruction of a teacher and the at-home mentoring of a parent, into a unified, college-like program. Students attended classes on campus two days per week, and instruction continued at home on the other days.

## InfoBox

| Grace Preparatory Academy of Durango | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| United States | |
| Coordinates | 37°16′33″N 107°52′39″W / 37.275926°N 107.877420°W / 37.275926; -107.877420 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private school |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Christian |
| Established | 2001 (2001) |
| Grades | 7-12 |
| Accreditation | Association of Christian Schools International |
| Affiliation | National Association of University-Model Schools |


title: Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik

abstract: The Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik, Croniken van der Duytscher Oirden, or Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order is a Middle Dutch chronicle of the Teutonic Order. It was written in or around the city of Utrecht in the Low Countries in several phases: around 1480, around 1491, and with some minor alterations after 1492. It has been referred to as “the final piece of the puzzle that is the official historiographic tradition of the Teutonic Order”. The anonymous chronicle was likely authored by the land commander of the Utrecht bailiwick of the Teutonic Order, Johan van Drongelen, in cooperation with his personal secretary Hendrik Gerardsz. van Vianen. The text is often used to interpret the self-image of the Teutonic Order after the loss of territory in Prussia, following the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466). Recent scholarship has also suggested that the text may have been written in response to the Hospitallers aggressive propaganda campagne after the successfully repelled siege of Rhodes in 1480.

text:
# Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik

The ***Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik***, ***Croniken van der Duytscher Oirden***, or ***Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order*** is a Middle Dutch chronicle of the Teutonic Order. It was written in or around the city of Utrecht in the Low Countries in several phases: around 1480, around 1491, and with some minor alterations after 1492 (possibly around 1496). It has been referred to as “the final piece of the puzzle that is the official historiographic tradition of the Teutonic Order”. The anonymous chronicle was likely authored by the land commander of the Utrecht bailiwick of the Teutonic Order, Johan van Drongelen, in cooperation with his personal secretary Hendrik Gerardsz. van Vianen.

The text is often used to interpret the self-image of the Teutonic Order after the loss of territory in Prussia, following the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466). Recent scholarship has also suggested that the text may have been written in response to the Hospitallers aggressive propaganda campagne after the successfully repelled siege of Rhodes in 1480.

## Name

The chronicle is known by several names. It was once referred to as "Preussischen Chronica" (Prussian Chronicle) and later labelled "Order's Chronicle or Grand Masters' Chronicle" by Christoph Hartknoch. In the nineteenth century it received the title *Große Hochmeisterchronik* (Great Grand Masters' Chronicle) by Max Töppen. Theodor Hirsch then changed this to *Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik* (Younger Grand Masters' Chronicle), in order to distinguish it from the *Ältere Hochmeisterchronik* (Older Grand Masters' Chronicle), written a few decades earlier in Prussia. This title, which accompanies an edition of a part of the text, is most commonly used in modern (German) scholarship.

However, the text is self-titled *Croniken van der Duytscher Oirden der ridderscap van den huse ende hospitael Onser Liever Vrouwen van Jherusalem* (Chronicle of the Teutonic Order of the Knights of the House and Hospital of Our Beloved Lady of Jerusalem) or *Croniken van der Duytscher Oirden* in short. This contemporary title is sometimes used in Dutch scholarship. In English scholarly literature, *Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order* alludes to the original title and the geographical origin of the text.

## Content and sources

The text opens with a lengthy prologue, which places the origins of the Teutonic Order in a biblical past, starting with Noah and Melchizedek. The prologue identifies the true place of origin of the Teutonic Order at Mount Zion in Jerusalem, overshadowing the traditional place of origin at Acre during the Third Crusade. Various Old Testament figures, such as Moses, David, and Judas Maccabeus, are linked to Mount Zion and presented as prefigurations of the Teutonic Knights. Numerous events of the New Testament are similarly associated with Mount Zion, emphasising the holiness of the place.

The remainder of the text is strictly organised by the sequential list of grand masters of the Teutonic Order. It alternates between the history of the Holy Land, Livonia and Prussia. For this purpose, the author combined forty to fifty different sources in Latin, Dutch, German, and possibly French. The sources include a wide range of biblical literature, crusade narratives (William of Tyre, Jacques de Vitry, Oliver of Paderborn, Vincent of Beauvais, Wilbrand of Oldenburg, Richard of San Germano, Johannes de Beke, Ludolf of Sudheim), Teutonic Order chronicles (amongst others Peter of Dusburg, Nikolaus of Jeroschin, the *Ältere Hochmeisterchronik*, Livonian Rhymed Chronicle), as well as several archival documents.

The main body of the text ends with the death of Grand Master Ludwig of Ellrichshausen in 1467, followed by a list of commanderies in Prussia and Livonia. The text ends with a history of the Utrecht bailiwick and the lives of the land commanders until Johan van Drongelen himself (1469-1492). Interwoven throughout the text are papal and imperial privileges granted to the Teutonic Order, as well as several indulgences. Coats of arms accompany all descriptions of the grand masters and land commanders.

## Reception

The chronicle was first produced in Middle Dutch in the Northern Low Countries, primarily, it seems, for an audience of Teutonic Order members. Soon after its creation, the text is found in both Livonia (Low German) and Prussia (High German). The Prussian manuscripts were subsequently adapted and extended, after which they found their way into Prussian urban cultural spheres (Johann Funck having possessed two manuscripts), as well as Teutonic Order audiences in the southern parts of the Holy Roman Empire, where the first reception of the text can be dated to 1528. Including all its adaptations and known, but now missing manuscripts, nearly sixty manuscripts have been identified thus far.

1. Rombert Stapel and Gisela Vollmann-Profe (2010). "Cronike van der Duytscher Oirden". In Dunphy, Graeme (ed.). *Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle*. Leiden: Brill. pp. 328–329. ISBN 90-04-18464-3.
2. Stapel, Rombert (2021). *Medieval authorship and cultural exchange in the late fifteenth century The Utrecht chronicle of the Teutonic Order*. London. pp. 62–76. ISBN 978-1-000-33376-3. OCLC 1228889216.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
3. Arnold, Udo (1970). "Geschichtsschreibung im Preussenland bis zum Ausgang des 16. Jahrhunderts". *Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands*. **19**: 91. "Schlußstein im Gebäude der offiziösen Historiographie des Ordens"
4. Stapel, Rombert (2021). *Medieval authorship and cultural exchange in the late fifteenth century The Utrecht chronicle of the Teutonic Order*. London. chapter 5. ISBN 978-1-000-33376-3. OCLC 1228889216.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
5. Sarnowsky, Jürgen (2012). Josserand, Philippe; Olivier, Mathieu (eds.). "Die Entwicklung des historischen Selbstverständnisses in den geistlichen Ritterorden". *La mémoire des origines dans les ordres religieux-militaires au Moyen Âge. Die Erinnerung an die eigenen Ursprünge in den geistlichen Ritterorden im Mittelalter*. Berlin: Lit: 56–57.
6. Wüst, Marcus (2013). *Studien zum Selbstverständnis des Deutschen Ordens im Mittelalter*. Weimar. pp. 132–137. ISBN 978-3-89739-771-2. OCLC 859139006.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
7. Stapel, Rombert (2021). *Medieval authorship and cultural exchange in the late fifteenth century The Utrecht chronicle of the Teutonic Order*. London. pp. 5–11. ISBN 978-1-000-33376-3. OCLC 1228889216.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
8. Stapel, Rombert (2021). *Medieval authorship and cultural exchange in the late fifteenth century The Utrecht chronicle of the Teutonic Order*. London. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-1-000-33376-3. OCLC 1228889216.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
9. Carasso-Kok, Marijke (1981). *Repertorium van verhalende historische bronnen uit de middeleeuwen : heiligenlevens, annalen, kronieken en andere in Nederland geschreven verhalende bronnen*. 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff. No. 137. ISBN 90-247-9132-4. OCLC 9466376.
10. Stapel, Rombert (2021). *Medieval authorship and cultural exchange in the late fifteenth century The Utrecht chronicle of the Teutonic Order*. London. chapter 3. ISBN 978-1-000-33376-3. OCLC 1228889216.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
11. Stapel, Rombert (2021). *Medieval authorship and cultural exchange in the late fifteenth century The Utrecht chronicle of the Teutonic Order*. London. pp. 28–52. ISBN 978-1-000-33376-3. OCLC 1228889216.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## Editions

* Matthaeus, A., *Veteris Ævi Analecta, Seu Vetera Aliquot Monumenta, Quæ Hactenus Nondum Visa*. 1st ed. Vol. X. Leiden, 1710, pp. 1–284; Matthaeus, A., ed. *Veteris Ævi Analecta, Seu Vetera Aliquot Monumenta, Quæ Hactenus Nondum Visa*. 2nd ed. Vol. V. The Hague, 1738, pp. 631–818.
* Napiersky, C.E. ‘Auszug Aus Der Chronik Des Ordens Vom Deutschen Hause Zu St. Marien in Jerusalem, Soweit Solche Auf Livland Bezug Nimmt, Mit Einer Einleitung, Abweichende Lesarten, Anmerkungen Und Einigen Worterklärungen’. In *Scriptores Rerum Livonicarum*, 1:829–906. Riga/Leipzig: Frantzen, 1853, pp. 833–836.
* Hirsch, Th. ‘Die Jüngere Hochmeisterchronik’. In *Scriptores Rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen Der Preussischen Vorzeit Bis Zum Untergange Der Ordensherrschaft*, edited by Th. Hirsch, E. Strehlke, and M. Töppen, V:1–172. Leipzig, 1874.
* Geer van Oudegein, J.J. de. *Archieven Der Ridderlijke Duitsche Orde, Balie van Utrecht*. Vol. II. II vols. Utrecht, 1871, pp. 233–258.
* Stapel, R.J. ed., R.J. Stapel and C.M. Saridjo translators, *The Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order. A History of the Crusades in the Holy Land, Prussia, and Livonia (Edition and Translation)* (Abingdon/New York: Routledge 2024).

1. Stapel, Rombert (2024). *The Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order A History of the Crusades in the Holy Land, Prussia and Livonia (Edition and Translation)*. Abingdon/New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780367373283.


title: Nokia 6310

abstract: The Nokia 6310 is a business-oriented mobile phone announced on 15 March 2001 and released at the end of the year as the successor of the Nokia 6210. This phone was used on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220), where it was held in a cradle and connected to the car's integrated car phone and media system called COMAND APS. It was also Nokia's first mobile phone with Bluetooth connectivity. Despite the lack of polyphonic ringtones, it was the first Nokia phone to feature a startup tone in ADPCM format. Polyphonic ringtones were skipped due to the relatively low speaker volume during playback of ADPCM files.

text:
# Nokia 6310

The **Nokia 6310** is a business-oriented mobile phone announced on 15 March 2001 and released at the end of the year as the successor of the Nokia 6210.

This phone was used on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220) (1998—2006 type), where it was held in a cradle and connected to the car's integrated car phone and media system called COMAND APS. It was also Nokia's first mobile phone with Bluetooth connectivity (version 1.1).

Despite the lack of polyphonic ringtones, it was the first Nokia phone to feature a startup tone in ADPCM format. Polyphonic ringtones were skipped due to the relatively low speaker volume during playback of ADPCM files.

## Nokia 6310 (2021)

An updated variant of the 6310 was released in 2021 to celebrate the phone's 20th anniversary, featuring modern-day updates including a 2.8" color display, polyphonic ringtones, a VGA rear camera and a microSD slot.

In April 2024, a refresh of the model was launched.

## InfoBox

Nokia 6310
| *A Nokia 6310 on a desk* | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Nokia |
| Compatible networks | Tri band GSM / GPRS, GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900 |
| Availability by region | Late 2001 |
| Predecessor | Nokia 6210 |
| Successor | Nokia 6310i |
| Form factor | Candybar |
| Dimensions | 129 × 47 × 21 mm |
| Weight | 111 g (3.9 oz) |
| Memory | 174 kB |
| Battery | BPS-2 (Lithium-ion polymer battery, 1100 mAh), up to 408 hours on standby, 5 hours talk time. |
| Display | Monochrome display, 96×65 pixel |
| Connectivity | Serial Cable, Bluetooth, InfraRed |
| Data inputs | Keypad |


title: Arthritis & Rheumatology

abstract: Arthritis & Rheumatology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the natural history, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of the rheumatic diseases. It is an official journal of the American College of Rheumatology. It was established in 1958 as Arthritis & Rheumatism and obtained its current name in 2014. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 10.995.

text:
# Arthritis & Rheumatology

***Arthritis & Rheumatology*** is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the natural history, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of the rheumatic diseases. It is an official journal of the American College of Rheumatology.

It was established in 1958 as *Arthritis & Rheumatism* and obtained its current name in 2014.

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 10.995.

## InfoBox

*Arthritis & Rheumatology*
| Discipline | Rheumatology |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Daniel H. Solomon |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Arthritis & Rheumatism |
| History | 1958–present |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Open access | Hybrid |
| Impact factor | 10.995 (2020) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Arthritis Rheumatol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | ARHEAW |
| ISSN | 0004-3591 (print)
1529-0131 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 59037291 |
| OCLC no. | 01514332 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Palicourea candida

abstract: Palicourea candida is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

text:
# Palicourea candida

***Palicourea candida*** is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Palicourea candida* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | *Palicourea* |
| Species: | ***P. candida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Palicourea candida***
C.M.Taylor | |
|


title: Tolerance Oval

abstract: The Tolerance Oval is an international cricket ground in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

text:
# Tolerance Oval

The **Tolerance Oval** is an international cricket ground in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

## History

It was one of the venues used for the 2019 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier. In July 2021, the ground was awaiting accreditation by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to be used as one of the venues for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

In February 2024, Ireland cricket team was scheduled to play a Test match at the neighbouring Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium against Afghanistan. However, a week before the Test, the match was moved to this venue, making it the 122nd Test cricket venue in the world. Ireland's Mark Adair claimed the maiden Test five wicket haul to be taken at the ground.

## InfoBox

Tolerance Oval
| Nursery 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ground information | |
| Location | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |
| Coordinates | 24°23′47″N 54°32′26″E / 24.39639°N 54.54056°E / 24.39639; 54.54056 |
| Establishment | 2018 |
| International information | |
| Only Test | 28 February – 1 March 2024:
Afghanistan v  Ireland |
| First T20I | 20 October 2019:
Canada v  Jersey |
| Last T20I | 27 October 2019:
Hong Kong v  Nigeria |
| First WT20I | 18 September 2022:
Papua New Guinea v  Zimbabwe |
| Last WT20I | 3 May 2024:
Sri Lanka v  United States |
| As of 3 May 2024
Source: Cricinfo | |


title: Hazmat (film)

abstract: HazMat is a 2013 horror film written and directed by Lou Simon.

text:
# Hazmat (film)

***HazMat*** is a 2013 horror film written and directed by Lou Simon.

## Plot

*Scary Antics*, a struggling reality show about pranking people, finds its next "chump" in the form of Jacob, an awkward young man who is convinced that the abandoned chemical plant where his father died is haunted. Jacob was brought to the attention of the show by his friend Adam, who believes that pranking Jacob might scare him enough to make him move past his father's death, and his obsession with the plant.

Adam, his girlfriend Carla, and her friend Melanie are to take Jacob to the plant, and explore it with him as Gary the host of *Scary Antics*, and three members of the show's crew - David, Steven, and Brenda watch them through cameras while situated in a sealed office. Jacob finds and puts on an incomplete hazmat suit before an actor named Tim, who is wearing a full hazmat suit, jumps out to frighten him. Panicking, Jacob kills him with an old fire axe, and seemingly has a psychotic break due to realizing what he has done, and that he is the butt of an elaborate joke. Jacob dons Ed's mask, murders Adam and Carla, before chasing Melanie to the office, which he is unable to break into. Melanie and the others are trapped without sustenance, no way to contact help, and with no one knowing where they are due to the host going ahead with filming without informing the network, which required permits and documents that he could not afford.

After Jacob kills technician Ed when he stops by, Gary and Steven use their only map to locate the back exit, which Jacob locks after catching and murdering Steven, then chases Gary. After a brief hide and seek Gary almost exits the building when Jacob pulls him in and decapitates him. Brenda goes out and reclaims the map, but is followed back to the office by Jacob, who forces his way in before the door can be resealed. Jacob axes David while Melanie and Brenda make a run for it, trying to use the map to find another way out. Jacob finds the two, kills Melanie, and fights Brenda. During the struggle, Brenda pulls off Jacob's mask to reveal that his face and head have become disfigured and corpse-like, implying that he is possessed, and that the plant really is haunted. Brenda incapacitates Jacob, and reaches the other exit she and Melanie were looking for, but before she can escape the recovered Jacob pulls her back inside, and hacks her to pieces.

## Cast

* Norbert Velez as Jacob
* Aniela McGuinness as Brenda
* Todd Bruno as David
* Gema Calero as Melanie
* Giordan Diaz as Gary
* Tom Stedham as Steven
* Daniela Larez as Carla
* Reggie Peters as Adam
* Mario Nalini as Tim
* Dennis Spain as Ed

## Reception

The film was praised by Cinema Crazed's Felix Vasquez, Jr., who wrote, "Director Lou Simon’s *HazMat* is a fun and very gory hack and slash horror film that works around the low budget to deliver a genre entry slasher fanatics will lap up with a smile". Corey Danna of Horror News gave *HazMat* a 3½ out of 5, having deemed the climax underwhelming, but the rest of the film commendable, and ultimately concluding, "As a whole, *HazMat*, is the perfect film to watch with a group of friends". The same score was awarded by Jorge Larrea of *305 Magazine*, who stated, "If you're a fan of old school horror movies like *Friday the 13th, Nightmare on Elm Street*, any of the Alfred Hitchcock films to name a few then you have to agree that horror films nowadays are not in the same league. Horror films lack that... cult feel to them, at least 90% of the ones released. That's where *HazMat* takes a step back into the cult realm. It has that feel. It's not the most frightening movie there is but you do feel the suspense and want to start screaming at the characters on the screen". The characterization, acting, and plot were called awkward by Michael Allen of 28 Days Later Analysis, who also said the conclusion was unsurprising, but nonetheless Allen admitted, "Overall, events onscreen are never boring, nor slowly paced. *HazMat* is an exciting film spent with a few interesting characters and a few grisly sights".

## InfoBox

| HazMat | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD released by Uncork'd Entertainment | |
| Directed by | Lou Simon |
| Written by | Lou Simon |
| Produced by | Lou Simon |
| Starring | Todd Bruno
Giordan Diaz
Gema Calero
Norbert Velez
Tom Stedham
Aniela McGuinness |
| Cinematography | Anthony Dones |
| Edited by | Michal Shipman |
| Music by | Michael Damon |
| Production
company | White Lotus Productions |
| Distributed by | Uncork'd Entertainment |
| Release date | * August 16, 2013 (2013-08-16) (Massachusetts Independent Film Festival) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Whale mounds

abstract: Whale mounds are mounds dedicated to Whales that have been washed up on the shore, a custom unique to Japan.

text:
# Whale mounds

**Whale mounds** (鯨塚, *Kujira Tsuga*) are mounds dedicated to Whales that have been washed up on the shore, a custom unique to Japan.

## Overview

Mounds are created to remember Cetacean stranding, a type of whale that was hunted for food and resources, and to show appreciation for the area being saved and enriched. Whales were considered gods and some were called Ebisu, so they were enshrined to prevent them from becoming angry gods after they died on the shore or were hunted. These mounds can be found at Toda Shrine in Shinagawa, Tokyo and Whale Shrine in Miyake-jima, Tokyo.

After the establishment of organized whaling after the Edo period, there are also mounds built as memorials and thanksgivings in areas where Whaling was a livelihood, such as the Ryujima area near Ukishima Shrine in Chiba Prefecture and Taiji.

Because the arrival of whales coincides with the arrival of fish, whales were thought to have spiritual power and were used as fishing guides. For this reason, the whale, in the form of Ebisu, was enshrined as a god of fishing to bring good fortune to fishermen and as a sea god to pray for safety at sea.

In the same way, whale graves and monuments exist in areas where whaling has been a livelihood since ancient times, as well as passive and accidental whaling, and when combined with whale mounds, there are about 100 of them in Japan.

## Examples

They are found throughout the coastal areas of Japan. They vary in form, some are Stone Monuments, Towers, Shrines (wooden or stone), and some are just mounds of rocks placed on top of the bones of some of the remains, heaped with earth.

### Tohoku

The following is an example from Miyagi Prefecture, Kesennuma and Karakuwa.

It is said that one day during a storm, two white whales carried a sinking ship to shore, supporting it from both sides. Since then, the people of Karakuwa have not eaten whale for generations. In the precincts of Misaki Shrine in Karakuwa, there are several stone monuments of "whale mounds" where whales were sacrificed. This is not the origin of the aforementioned tradition, but a remnant of the time when whale fishing was practiced. It is thought that the aforementioned folklore was born as an interpretation of the whale mounds after whale fishing ceased.

### Kanto

There are several whale mounds in the southern part of the Bōsō Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture.

* In Kyonan-cho, Chiba Prefecture, whaling was practiced from the Edo period to the Meiji period by the Daigo family and others, and one stone shrine was built per year at Bensaiten in Itaigaya.
* Whaling was also practiced in Otohama, Shirahama-cho, Minamibōsō-shi, Chiba Prefecture, from the Edo period to the Meiji period, and a whale mound was built around 1871 for fishermen to pray for safety before going fishing.
* A whale mound for mourning the whales caught in 1896 remains at Choshoji Temple in Senda, Chikura-cho, Minamiboso City, Chiba Prefecture
* A whale mound was built around 1871 to pray for the safety of fishermen before their departure.
* There is a whale mound in Nagano Prefecture Saku City. In the past, whales came up to the Chikuma River in now Saku City, Nagano. In places where there was little water, the whale would block the river by lying on its side, and when water accumulated, it would rise at once. It is said that the whale was stopped by the inhabitants of the lower prefecture and its head was enshrined as Goshintai. For some reason, there are many legends of whales in the Saku area, which is far from the sea.

## Whale Shrines

Whale shrines are secular names for shrines that are closely related to whaling, such as shrines where mounds are built in gratitude or remembrance of whales, or where the remains of whales are enshrined as Goshintai, or where the act of whaling itself is regarded as a ritual and Belief.

### Suwa Shrine

In Nagasaki Prefecture, Suwa Shrine is located in Nagasaki City, and is dedicated to the Nagasaki Kunchi, an event that imitates whaling. For details, see Nagasaki Kunchi.

### Hachiojigu

Kōchi Prefecture, Kami, Kōchi, Tosayamada, Kōchi. It was originally built in 1469 (the first year of Bunmei) in the former Meiji village of Hachioji, with the spirit of a branch of the Hachioji Palace in Omi. The shrine was moved to its present location in 1640 (Kan'ei17), where it became the Ujigami of the Ukitsu clan, a whaling group that has continued since the Edo period. Although it is a shrine, a whale rank is dedicated to it.

### Whale Shrine

Tokyo Miyake Village, Akorasagahama. It has no official name, and is called only Whale Shrine. During the Tenpo era, Miyakejima was suffering from Famine and was on the verge of a crisis when in 1832 (the third year of the Tenpo era), a "stray whale" arrived and after an inspection by the authorities, the whale was sold and divided among five villages. The whale was divided among the five villages and they were saved from starvation. In gratitude, the bones of the whale were buried and a shrine was built.

### Whale Palace

Nagano Prefecture Minamisaku-gun Sakuho Town has a whale shrine in Shimohata. Once upon a time, a whale came up the Chikuma River, and the residents of Shimohata stopped it, saying, "It's rare for a whale to come up to this place. Legend has it that they built a shrine to worship it. For some reason, there are many whale legends in this area far from the sea.

## Whalebone Torii

A whalebone torii is a torii in which the torii of the shrine is made of whale bones (mainly ribs).

The oldest one in Japan is the torii of the Ebisu Shrine in Taiji Town, Wakayama Prefecture. This is mentioned in Ihara Saikaku's "Nihon Eitaigura" published in 1688 (Jōkyō5): "In the village of Taiji, Ominato, Kiiro, the wife and children sing. This place is prosperous and Wakamatsu village is standing. According to records, the current torii is the third generation, and it is unknown what it was made of before that. According to records, the current torii is the third generation, and it is not known what it was made of before that. These are all the whale torii gates that exist in Japan today, but there is also a Cape Eluanbi Shrine in Eluanbi, the southernmost point of Taiwan under Japanese rule at the time. There were also whale torii gates at three other shrines: Fudato Ebisu Shrine in Sakhalin, and Shikotan Shrine on Shikotan Island in the Northern Territories. Each of these five locations is either directly or indirectly related to whaling (such as whaling bases).

### Footnotes

### References

1. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2022-02-20.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2022-02-20.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. 『佐久口碑伝説集南佐久編限定復刻版』発行者長野県佐久市教育委員会 全332P中944P 昭和53年11月15日発行
4. 『佐久口碑伝説集南佐久編限定復刻版』発行者長野県佐久市教育委員会 全434P中92P 95P 昭和53年11月15日発行
5. D, John (2013-08-14). "The whale as kami". *Green Shinto*. Retrieved 2023-03-28.


title: Jacques Castelot

abstract: Jacques Castelot was a French film actor. He appeared in more than 80 films between 1938 and 1982. His brother was the writer André Castelot and their father was the Symbolist painter Maurice Chabas. From 1940 to 1945 he was married to actress and theater director Héléna Bossis.

text:
# Jacques Castelot

**Jacques Castelot** (born **Jacques Marie Paul Éloi Storms**) (11 July 1914  25 August 1989) was a French film actor. He appeared in more than 80 films between 1938 and 1982. His brother was the writer André Castelot and their father was the Symbolist painter Maurice Chabas. From 1940 to 1945 he was married to actress and theater director Héléna Bossis (pseudonym of Henriette Berthe Blanche Berriau).

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Jacques Castelot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Jacques Marie Paul Éloi Storms
(1914-07-11)11 July 1914
Antwerp, Belgium |
| Died | 25 August 1989(1989-08-25) (aged 75)
Paris, France |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1938–1988 |
| Spouse | Héléna Bossis  (m. 1940; div. 1945) |
| Relatives | Maurice Chabas (father)
André Castelot (brother) |


title: Iochroma brevistamineum

abstract: Iochroma brevistamineum is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

text:
# Iochroma brevistamineum

***Iochroma brevistamineum*** is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Iochroma brevistamineum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | *Iochroma* |
| Species: | ***I. brevistamineum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Iochroma brevistamineum***
Dammer | |
|


title: Pseudotmesisternus

abstract: Pseudotmesisternus vestitus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Pseudotmesisternus. It was described by Fauvel in 1906.

text:
# Pseudotmesisternus

***Pseudotmesisternus vestitus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Pseudotmesisternus***. It was described by Fauvel in 1906.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudotmesisternus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudotmesisternus* |
| Species: | ***P. vestitus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudotmesisternus vestitus***<br>(Fauvel, 1906) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tmesisternus vestitus* Fauvel, 1906 * *Tmesisternus vestitus* Breuning, 1945 * *Pseudotmesisternus vestitus* Breuning, 1951 (Sudre et al., 2010) | |


title: Nokia 6300

abstract: The Nokia 6300 is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. It was announced on 28 November 2006 and released in January 2007. This model was assembled in several factories, including Jucu plant, near Cluj, in Romania. The Nokia 6300 is a mid-range phone combining a classic candybar design with a durable stainless steel and slim body. It runs on Series 40. The 6300 was a hit and became one of the top-selling Nokia models on the market during its time. Slightly improved models Nokia 6301 and Nokia 6300i were launched later in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The 6300 was considered the successor of several models, including 6230i and 6310i. The 6300 electronics are based on the Nokia 3110 classic and related to several other Nokia phones including the Nokia 5310, and Nokia 3500 classic.

text:
# Nokia 6300

The **Nokia 6300** is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. It was announced on 28 November 2006 and released in January 2007. This model was assembled in several factories, including Jucu plant, near Cluj, in Romania.

The Nokia 6300 is a mid-range phone combining a classic candybar design with a durable stainless steel and slim (11.7 mm thick) body. It runs on Series 40. The 6300 was a hit and became one of the top-selling Nokia models on the market during its time. Slightly improved models Nokia 6301 and Nokia 6300i were launched later in 2007 and 2008 respectively.

The 6300 was considered the successor of several models, including 6230i and 6310i.

The 6300 electronics are based on the Nokia 3110 classic and related to several other Nokia phones including the Nokia 5310, and Nokia 3500 classic.

## Features

The phone supports MicroSD cards up to 2 GB (4 GB with the 6300i variant), meaning that the phone can be used practically as an MP3 player. Using the supplied and freely available Nokia PC Suite, one can convert all the MP3 files in a music library to e-AAC in order to fit more on the card. The 2.5 mm headphone jack means that few commercial headsets will fit the phone, however there are adapters available enabling the use of headphones with a standard jack.

Like most other new Nokia phones, the 6300 eschews their old Pop-Port connector for a standard mini-USB connector. At the launch many questioned why to include the USB port for data, but not for charging. Despite companies like BlackBerry using USB connectors to charge phones, USB charging was not standardized at the time of development of the platform in 2006. USB BC (Battery Charging) 1.0 (USB hardware) was released as a standard in 2007 the same year the Nokia 6500 classic (with USB charging) was released.

The phone also has two slow flashing lights on the side, to show missed calls or messages. This feature is an update of the reminder light in the 6060 fold phone that did not have an external display.

The phone is also believed to be the first mobile phone shipped with a "Dark Mode" where the display is nominally black. The feature was developed to maximise battery performance but also used to match the screen to the exterior colour of the phone.

With firmware version 06.01 and later, Nokia 6300 is capable of playing MPEG-4 (\*.mp4) files with a QCIF resolution of 176\*144 at 25 frames per second. The phone allows the user to view the video clips in full-screen landscape mode and set the fast-forward/rewind interval from a few seconds to minutes. Improved audio quality for music playback was also noted for this firmware version, thus making the Nokia 6300 a music phone similar to its counterparts, the Nokia XpressMusic. In addition, video clips can replace ringtones so that an actual motion picture is shown while there is an incoming call.

## Popularity and reception

Nokia 6300 was a highly popular mobile phone handset throughout the world, officially the best-selling Nokia handset in 2007. A report from *The Economist* said that Nokia 6300 was the most popular handset in Africa as of the beginning of 2011, four years after the original release.

Reviewers of the handset generally praised the build quality and feature set. Reviewer *S21* called it "our favourite Nokia phone for a long time", praising the user friendliness and metallic design.

The 6300 was succeeded by the Nokia 6303 classic and Nokia 6700 classic.

## Nokia 6300i

The Nokia 6300i is an upgraded version of the Nokia 6300 with the same design but adding Wireless LAN and VoIP capability and support for 4GB microSD cards (the 6300 could only support up to 2GB microSD cards). It was announced on 26 March 2008. The device is designed for typical use in Europe and only distributed there.

## Specification sheet

| Type | Specification |
| --- | --- |
| Modes | GSM 850 / GSM 1800 / GSM 1900 Americas version (Euro/Asian version has 900 in place of 850 band) |
| Weight | 91 g (3.21 oz) |
| Dimensions | 106.4 x 43.6 x 11.7 mm (4.2 x 1.72 x 0.46 in) |
| Form Factor | Candybar |
| Battery Life | Talk: 4.5 hours Standby: 348 hrs (14.5 days) |
| Battery Type | Li-Ion 860 mAh (Nokia BL-4C) |
| Display | Type: LCD (Color TFT/TFD) Colors: 16.7 million (24-bit) Size: 2" Resolution: 240 x 320 pixels (QVGA) |
| Platform / OS | BB5 / Nokia Series 40, 3rd Edition, Feature Pack 2 |
| Memory | 7.8 MB (built-in, flash shared memory) |
| Phone Book Capacity | 1000 |
| FCC ID | PPIRM-222, PPIRM-217 for Asia/Europe version |
| SAR | 0.57 W/kg |
| Digital TTY/TDD | Yes |
| Multiple Languages | Yes |
| Polyphonic Ringtones | Chords: 64 |
| Ringer Profiles | Yes |
| Vibrate | Yes |
| Bluetooth | Supported Profiles: HSP, HFP, A2DP, SAP version 2.0 + EDR |
| PC Sync | Yes |
| USB | Built-in Mini-USB connector (does not charge phone) |
| Multiple Numbers per Name | Yes |
| Voice Dialing | Yes |
| Custom Graphics | Yes |
| Custom Ringtones | Yes |
| Data-Capable | Yes |
| Flight Mode | Yes |
| Packet Data | Technology: EDGE (EGPRS) class 10 |
| WAP / Web Browser | WAP 2.0 / supports HTML, XHTML, TCP/IP |
| Predictive Text Entry | Technology: T9 |
| Side Keys | volume keys on right |
| Memory Card Slot | Card Type: microSD / TransFlash up to 2 GB. 1 GB card included (depending on service provider) |
| Email Client | Protocols Supported: IMAP4, POP3, SMTP supports attachments |
| MMS | MMS 1.2 / up to 300 KB per message / SMIL |
| Text Messaging | 2-Way: Yes |
| FM Radio | Stereo: Yes |
| Music Player | Supported Formats: MP3, MP4, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, WMA, WAV |
| Camera | Resolution: 2+ megapixel with 8x digital zoom |
| Streaming Video | Protocol: 3GPP |
| Video Capture | QCIF resolution, 15 frame/s, H.263 format |
| Alarm | Yes |
| Calculator | Yes |
| Calendar | Yes |
| SyncML | Yes |
| To-Do List | Yes |
| Voice Memo | Yes |
| Games | Snake, Soccer 3D & Sudoku \+ Downloadable |
| Java ME | Version: MIDP 2.0, CLDC 1.1 supported JSRs: 75, 82, 120, 135, 172, 177, 184, 185, 205, 226 |
| Headset Jack | Yes (2.5 mm) |
| Push-To-Talk | Some versions only Type: PoC momo4u |
| Speaker Phone | Yes |
| Official Latest Firmware Version | 07.21/07.30 (depending on product code) |

Media related to Nokia 6300 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Nokia 6300
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Nokia |
| Slogan | "Simply beautiful - beautifully simple." |
| Series | Nokia 6000 series |
| Compatible networks | GSM, GPRS |
| First released | January 15, 2007 (2007-01-15) |
| Availability by region | Q1 2007 |
| Discontinued | Q4 2010/Q1 2011 (Q4 2010/Q1 2011) |
| Predecessor | Nokia 6070
Nokia 6230 |
| Successor | Nokia 6300 4G
Nokia 6303 classic
Nokia 6700 classic |
| Related | Nokia 5310
Nokia 6301
Nokia 6500 classic
Nokia 6500 slide |
| Form factor | Candybar |
| Dimensions | 106.4 x 43.6 x 11.7 mm |
| Weight | 91 grams |
| Operating system | Series 40 |
| CPU | ARM9 Core |
| Memory | 7.8MB |
| Removable storage | MicroSD, max 2GB |
| Battery | 0.86 amp-hours Lithium-ion battery |
| Display | 2.0 inch, 240 x 320 (16.7 million colours) |
| Rear camera | 2 megapixels |
| Connectivity | Bluetooth, USB |
| Data inputs | Keypad |
| Development status | Discontinued (2009); replaced by the Nokia 6303 classic |
| SAR | 0.57 W/kg |
| Hearing aid compatibility | M2 |


title: Real Me (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

abstract: "Real Me" is episode 2 of season 5 of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on The WB on October 3, 2000.

text:
# Real Me (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

"**Real Me**" is episode 2 of season 5 of the television show *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*. The episode aired on The WB on October 3, 2000.

## Plot

Buffy is annoyed when her sister Dawn continuously disrupts her training sessions with Giles as well as breakfast at home. Joyce asks Buffy to take Dawn shopping for school supplies, but Riley reminds her they had already made plans. Buffy has to cancel so she can go work with Giles, who has to drive the sisters on their errands in his new BMW convertible. The three spot Willow and Tara heading for the magic shop, and Buffy tells Willow that she is dropping Drama in favor of more Slayer training. At the shop, the gang finds the owner dead, killed by vampires. Buffy sends Dawn outside where she encounters a deranged man. He seems to recognize her, telling her that she does not belong there. She is upset until Tara comforts her. The gang realizes that a pack of vampires raided the shop for books on how to defeat the Slayer, under Harmony's leadership. Giles admires the shop and its potential for a future business.

That night, Xander and Anya arrive at the Summers house to babysit Dawn. Harmony arrives to challenge Buffy but is disappointed when she is not there. Xander taunts Harmony and her minions from the safety of the house until Dawn mistakenly invites Harmony inside. After Harmony puts up a fight, Anya intervenes and Xander kicks the vampire out of the house. Harmony later encounters Spike in the graveyard, and the two talk about Harmony's plans to kill the Slayer. While unpacking in their new place, Tara and Willow discuss how Dawn is having a hard time as the outsider of the Scooby Gang. Tara reveals that she has similar feelings as an outsider.

On patrol, Buffy is fuming about the lecture she received from her mother about allowing Dawn to see a dead body. Riley tries to talk some sense into her, pointing out she and Dawn resent each other for similar reasons. When they return home, Xander tells Buffy about Harmony and - after the Slayer stops laughing - she gets angry that Dawn invited Harmony inside. Buffy complains to Riley and Xander about the trouble Dawn causes and how she cannot always be there to protect her; Dawn listens from the hall and runs outside in tears. Before Anya can bring Dawn back inside, Harmony's vampire minions capture Dawn and attack Anya causing her to be hospitalized. Buffy then runs out to find her sister leaving Xander and Riley to take care of Anya.

Harmony explains to her minions that Dawn is bait, meaning they cannot eat her. Harmony complains to Dawn about her problems until her mutinous minions attempt to kill them both. Buffy – who had threatened Spike until he revealed Harmony's location – arrives and easily kills most of the minions as Harmony escapes. The Slayer frees her sister and, when they get home, they agree not to tell their mother. The next day, Buffy and Giles talk about his decision to take over the magic shop, while Dawn writes in her journal that Buffy still thinks she is a nobody, but she will be in for a surprise.

## Production details

When casting the role of Dawn, Sarah Michelle Gellar suggested they take a look at Michelle Trachtenberg. Dawn was originally conceived to be 12 years old, but after casting Trachtenberg, the writers raised the character's age to 14. However, the first few scripts were still written in the voice of a 12-year-old. Before being cast, Trachtenberg, a fan of the show, had written a letter to Joss Whedon that suggested how she could become a character on *Buffy*.

Michelle Trachtenberg was listed as a guest star in the previous episode. With effect from this episode she has been added to the title credits after Emma Caulfield.

Mark Rabinowitz of *Paste Magazine* argues that, at this point of the series, "the ensemble was so large that Dawn's "Zeppo" moment never materialized. It was planned for Season Seven, but once the First Evil storyline got big, Dawn's life had to take a backseat. That said, by the last 15 or 20 episodes of the show, Dawn had become...a valued member of the Scoobies. But not in this episode: Here, she's just a brat."

## Critical reception

*Vox*, ranking it at #101 of all 144 episodes on their "Worst to Best" list, and calling her "the Scrappy Doo of *Buffy*," writes, "Dawn comes off as a little more bratty and hard to deal with than she might have been otherwise. But her presence will anchor season five’s major arcs. And season five — which unites season two’s operatic story arcs with season three’s consistency — is one of *Buffy*'s three unimpeachable seasons."

## InfoBox

| "**Real Me**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Buffy the Vampire Slayer* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 5<br>Episode 2 |
| Directed by | David Grossman |
| Written by | David Fury |
| Production code | 5ABB02 |
| Original air date | October 3, 2000 (2000-10-03) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Palomar 6

abstract:
Palomar 6 is a loose globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus that belongs to the Milky Way galaxy. It is a member of the Palomar Globular Clusters group. It is located about 25,000 light-years away from the Sun. It formed in what would become the bulge of the Milky Way. It is similar to other old-bulge globular clusters such as Messier 62, NGC 6522, NGC 6558, and Haute-Provence 1. First discovered on the National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey plates by Robert G. Harrington and Fritz Zwicky,
it was catalogued as a globular cluster, and is one of four globulars known to contain a planetary nebula.

text:
# Palomar 6

**Palomar 6** is a loose globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus that belongs to the Milky Way galaxy. It is a member of the Palomar Globular Clusters group. It is located about 25,000 light-years (7,700 parsecs) away from the Sun. It formed in what would become the bulge of the Milky Way. It is similar to other old-bulge globular clusters such as Messier 62, NGC 6522, NGC 6558, and Haute-Provence 1.

First discovered on the National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey plates by Robert G. Harrington and Fritz Zwicky, it was catalogued as a globular cluster, and is one of four globulars known to contain a planetary nebula.

## InfoBox

| Palomar 6 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Class | XI |
| Constellation | Ophiuchus |
| Right ascension | 17h 43m 42.20s |
| Declination | 26° 13 21.0 |
| Distance | 25.02 ± 0.62 kly (7.67 ± 0.19 kpc) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mass | 2.28×105 |
| Metallicity | $\begin{smallmatrix}\left\[{\ce {Fe}/{\ce {H}\right\]\end{smallmatrix}}}$ = –0.91 dex |
| Estimated age | 12.4 ± 0.9 Gyr |
| Other designations | ESO 520-21, GCl 75, 1740-262 |
|


title: Tolaram Group

abstract: Tolaram Group is a holding company headquartered in Singapore with diversified business interests in consumer goods, fintech, infrastructure and industrials. It has a presence across Asia, Africa, Europe and South America.

text:
# Tolaram Group

**Tolaram Group** is a holding company headquartered in Singapore with diversified business interests in consumer goods, fintech, infrastructure and industrials. It has a presence across Asia, Africa, Europe and South America.

## History

Tolaram Group origins can be traced to the textile trade of Khanchand Vaswani, a Sindhi businessman, who established a shop in Malang, Indonesia in 1948. The business subsequently expanded into textile manufacturing and distributing consumer goods. Tolaram relocated its headquarters to Singapore in 1975 and began exporting to Africa in the late 70s.

### Consumer goods

In 1988, Tolaram Group began exporting to Nigeria instant noodles manufactured by Indofoods of the Salim Group of Indonesia and Maggi of the Nestlé brought by Indofood as well as its joint venture in Indonesia. The product was new to Nigeria and Tolaram's management desire was to market the brand, obtain significant following and attain market leadership. Further investments were made in the country when the group absorbed the haulage business of Blackwood Hodge integrating it with its Indomie enterprise to deliver supplies to wholesalers. Indomie instant noodles gradually thrived in the Nigerian market, significant growth was achieved after the return of democracy in 1999 and the brand soon came to dominate the market.

In 1995, concern shifted towards local manufacturing of its key brand and a noodles plant was constructed which began operations in 1996. To support the plant and ensure performance, it integrated many parts of its operations with additional investments in energy supply, and expansion of its logistic and distribution network. Multipro Limited was also established in 1997 to distribute various products including the company's brands.

Tolaram Group entered into a venture between its Multipro brand and Kellogg's Corporation in 2015 to produce and market Kellogg's food products in Nigeria. Another joint venture with Arla Group was established to market and distribute Dano products in Nigeria. Tolaram's MCPL has also partnered with Cadbury Nigeria Plc. to jointly co-promote of Bournvita & Indomie products in a short term promo.

In 2019–2020, Tolaram Group made a joint venture again with Colgate Palmolive as Colgate Palmolive Tolaram to produce and distribute Colgate toothpaste and also to distribute Kimberly-Clark products, Huggies and Kotex products. In 2024, Tolaram acquired a 58% stake in Guinness' Nigeria business from Diageo.

### Fintech

Tolaram Group holds significant equity in Amar Bank, Indonesia's first digital bank. The institution encourages digital transactions through its microloans platform, Tunaiku, and cloud-based mobile-only digital banking app, Senyumku. Tolaram has also invested in Click Cash, a digital-lending platform in Brazil and Income, a P2P loans platform in Estonia.

### Infrastructure

In 2019, it was announced Tolaram Group is developing Nigeria's first privately owned free trade zone with an integrated deep-sea port in the Lekki area of Lagos. Lekki Port is Nigeria's single largest private infrastructure investment. The port is expected to have an aggregate impact of approximately US$361b on the Nigerian economy over the 45-year concession period.

### Industrials

Tolaram Group acquired in 1995 from the government of Estonia a paper mill that was bankrupt at the time of purchase. It was renamed Horizon Pulp and Paper Mill and is the only producer of sack kraft paper in the Baltics. In 2018, Horizon inaugurated a new combined heat and power plant (CHP) that cover the mill's energy needs and is part of an environment-centric investment program. Horizon exports to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

### Subsidiaries

| Trade Name | Business activity/main location | Brands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DUFIL Prima Foods Plc | Consumer goods joint venture with Salim Group/West Africa | Indomie instant noodle, Minimie Noodles & Chin Chin, Power Pasta, Pure Flour |
| Multipro Consumer Products Limited | Distribution/West Africa | Power Oil, Emperor Oil, Kimberly-Clark, Huggies, Kotex |
| Colgate Pamolive Tolaram | Consumer goods joint venture with Colgate Palmolive/West Africa | Hypo, Colgate |
| Lagos Free Trade Zone Company | FTZ/Lagos |  |
| Lekki Port LFTZ Enterprise | Port services/Lagos |  |
| TG Arla | Consumer goods joint venture with Arla/West Africa | Dano milk |
| Tolaram Nutri Beverages Ltd | Consumer goods/West Africa | Goodlife Magik juices |
| Kellogg Tolaram Nigeria Plc | Consumer goods joint venture with Kellogg's/West Africa | Corn Flakes, Munch It, Go Grains, Coco Pops, Pringles |
| Horizon Pulp & Paper, Kehra Harju county | consumer goods/Estonia | Horizon products |
| Amar Bank | Finance |
| Lucky Fibres Plc | Textile, Fibre, Interior, Beauty | Nobel Carpets & Rugs/ Lush Hair |
| Addmie Nutrition Ltd | Condiments, Seasoning | Addmie Noodlemate |

1. "Tolaram Group – Bloomberg". *www.bloomberg.com*. Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
2. "Our Businesses". *Tolaram*. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
3. Bloomberg, Klaus Wille & Pei Yi Mak (12 October 2018). "How to turn a family shop into a $1.8 billion multinational". *mint*. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
4. "Our Journey". *Tolaram*. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
5. "How one company defied the odds and is grossing almost $1 billion in revenue… in Nigeria".
6. "Page 1". *www.tabla.com.sg*. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
7. Wargadiredja, Arzia Tivany (2017-04-24). "How Indomie Became Insanely Popular in Nigeria". *Vice*. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
8. Christensen, Clayton M. (2019-01-15). *The prosperity paradox* (First ed.). New York, NY: Harper Business. pp. 79–93. ISBN 978-0-06-285183-3. OCLC 1082518619.
9. "Page 1". *www.tabla.com.sg*. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
10. dairyreporter.com. "Arla boosts West African 'distribution backbone' with JVs in Nigeria and Senegal". *dairyreporter.com*. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
11. thenationonlineng.net. "Cadbury, Tolaram launch yuletide promo". *thenationonlineng.net*. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
12. globalcosmeticsnews.com. "Colgate Palmolive Partners With Tolaram Group To Bring Innovative Oral Care Options To Nigeria". *globalcosmeticsnews.com*. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
13. "The Singaporean firm betting on Nigeria amid multinationals' 'exodus'". *Financial Times*. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
14. DiBiasio, Jame (2021-05-24). "Indonesia's Bank Amar relies on head start to see off rivals". *Digital Finance*. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
15. "Tunaiku Eyeing SMEs Engaged in Online Sales". *Jakarta Globe*. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
16. "Indonesia's Amar Bank taps Google Cloud for launch of smart phone bank". *Finextra Research*. 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
17. "Morcote Holdings | Our Investments". *Morcote Investments*. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
18. Munshi, Neil (October 21, 2019). "Noodle maker plans busiest port in west Africa". Retrieved 2020-02-10.
19. "Infrastructure upgrades: Port facilities will be given a boost to expand transit shipment, increase volumes and limit evasion". *Oxford Business Group*. 2013-12-08. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
20. Adeleye, Adeyemo. "The Port". *Lekkiport*. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
21. "Kehra Pulp & Paper Mill – Kehra". *wikimapia.org*. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
22. "Horizon Pulp & Paper inaugurates new CHP plant at its Kehra mill in Estonia | RISI Technology Channels". *technology.risiinfo.com*. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
23. "Horizon". *Horizon*. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
24. "Dufil Prima Foods- About Us". *Dufil Prima Foods*. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
25. "Our Businesses". *Tolaram*. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
26. "Our Businesses". *Tolaram*. Retrieved 2022-02-22.

## InfoBox

Tolaram Group
|
|  |
| Industry |  |
| Founded | 1948 (1948) |
| Headquarters | Singapore |
| Website | Official website |


title: Whale and Dolphin Conservation

abstract: Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC), formerly Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society in the UK, is a wildlife charity that is dedicated solely to the worldwide conservation and welfare of all whales, dolphins and porpoises (cetaceans). It has offices in the UK, North America, Germany and Australia.

text:
# Whale and Dolphin Conservation

**Whale and Dolphin Conservation** (**WDC**), formerly **Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society** in the UK, is a wildlife charity that is dedicated solely to the worldwide conservation and welfare of all whales, dolphins and porpoises (cetaceans). It has offices in the UK, North America, Germany and Australia.

## History

WDC was established in the UK in 1987. Its headquarters are in Chippenham in Wiltshire, UK. Until late 2012, it was known as the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society.

Mike Bossley established the Australian Dolphin Research Foundation, which was the precursor to the Adelaide branch of WDC Australasia. He was WDC's Manager of Science and Education in Australasia until his retirement in June 2015, after 12 years of working with the organisation. After retirement, he stayed on as a part-time consultant, devoting his time to the New Zealand dolphin campaign.

## Description

Today it is a leading NGO solely dedicated to the protection of cetaceans and their living environments. WDC operates worldwide with offices in Munich, Germany; Adelaide, South Australia; Wiltshire, UK; and Massachusetts, United States.

WDC is a founding partner of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS, also known as the Bonn Convention), which is part of the United Nations Environment Programme. The organisation also develops regional protection agreements and conventions and closely cooperates with the orca (killer whale) research station OrcaLab in British Columbia, Canada.

## Wildlife visitor centre

The flagship Scottish Dolphin Centre is based at the mouth of the River Spey on the southern shore of the Moray Firth on the east coast of Scotland. On the north side of the Firth lies Chanonry Point which is reputed to be one of the best spots in the UK to view bottlenose dolphin (*Tursiops truncatus*) from the land.

## InfoBox

Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC)
|
|  |
| Founded | 1987 |
| Type | Conservation Charity (Registered Charity No. 1014705) |
| Location | * Brookfield House, 38 St Paul Street, Chippenham, Wiltshire SN15 1LJ, UK |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Method | Research, conservation, lobbying and negotiation |
| Key people | Chris Butler-Stroud (Chief Executive) |
| Website | uk.whales.org |


title: Jacqueline Groag

abstract: Jacqueline Groag was an influential textile designer in Great Britain in the period following World War II. She produced and designed fabrics for leading Parisian fashion houses including Chanel, Lanvin, House of Worth, Schiaparelli and Paul Poiret. She later became a Royal Designer for Industry (RDI), the ultimate accolade for any designer in Britain.

text:
# Jacqueline Groag

**Jacqueline Groag** (née Hilde Pick; 6 April 1903  13 January 1986) was an influential textile designer in Great Britain in the period following World War II. She produced and designed fabrics for leading Parisian fashion houses including Chanel, Lanvin, House of Worth, Schiaparelli and Paul Poiret.

She later became a Royal Designer for Industry (RDI), the ultimate accolade for any designer in Britain.

## Early life and education

Jacqueline Groag was born as Hilde Pick to Jewish parents on 6 April 1903. She later changed her name to Jacqueline Groag when she married modernist architect Jacques Groag in 1937.

As a child, she had been in poor health and, unlike her siblings, had been educated at home. She learned all the subjects of the education curriculum, but with no formal exams, something that left her (in her own words) a "sophisticated naïve". During the 1920s, Groag studied textile design in Vienna and thrived under the schooling of professor Franz Cižek, who was delighted by her lack of previous formal art education.

Franz Cižek also recommended her to Josef Hoffmann, head of the Wiener Werkstätte, where she became one of his students in the design school of the Kunstgewerbeschule. As a student, she won first prize in a competition organised by the Kunstgewerbeschule.

### Vienna

In 1930, Groag was mentioned in an article by Dr. Hans von Ankwicz for the German publication *Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration* on her work. Ankwicz described her as a "front-runner of the Hoffmann school" who "currently dominated the design of textiles, particularly prints".

### Second World War

In 1938, Jacqueline and Jacques fled to Prague, Czechoslovakia due to the Nazi unification of Austria and Germany, the *Anschluss*. Their stay in Prague did not last long, as they were forced to flee for London the following year, following the Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia. When they arrived in London, they were greeted by the leading members of the British Design Factory, including Sir Gordon Russell, Sir Charles Reilly and Jack Pritchard.

## Career

During the 1930s, Groag travelled to cities such as Paris and New York to enhance her international reputation. She was awarded a gold medal for textile design at the Milano Triennale in 1933 and another gold medal for printed textiles at the Paris Exposition in 1937.

### Post-war

In 1945, she received the accolade of one of her dress fabrics being chosen by the couturier Edward Molyneux for a collection of dresses for Queen Elizabeth II. Jacqueline and her husband gained British citizenship in 1947. They became members of the Society of Industrial Artists.

In 1951, the Festival of Britain took place, and most of the contemporary styles of textiles and wallpapers where heavily influenced by her work from the 1940s. From that point she became a major influence on pattern design internationally, with clients like the Associated American Artists, Hallmark Cards and John Lewis.

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, she became more and more involved with Sir Misha Black and the Design Research Unit (DRU), working on the interiors of boats, aircraft and trains. She especially worked on the design of textiles and plastics for British Overseas Airways Corporation and British Rail. She also got a commission from Misha Black in the 1970s to make a moquette for London Transport, used for seating on buses and tube trains.

## Personal life and death

Jacqueline first met Jacques Groag in the 1930s at a Viennese masked ball; they got engaged in 1931, but did not marry until 1937. He suffered a heart attack on a London bus whilst on his way to the opera, and died on 28 January 1962, aged 69.

Jacqueline Groag died on 13 January 1986, aged 82.

## InfoBox

| Jacqueline Groag | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Hilde Pick
6 April 1903
Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic) |
| Died | 13 January 1986(1986-01-13) (aged 82)
London, England |
| Nationality | Czech and British |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Orrie Hitt

abstract: Orrie Hitt was a prolific American author of over 150 books, mostly mid-century erotica, but including some crime novels early in his career. It has been said he wrote a book every two weeks at the prime of his career, sitting at his dining room table, fueled by large glasses of iced coffee and cigarettes. His first two books, I'll Call Every Monday and Love in the Arctic were hardcover books published by Red Lantern, but his career would ultimately be made writing paperback originals. As a paperback writer, many of his books were written as "work for hire" and the copyright held by the publishing company who, anticipating a very short shelf life, never bothered to renew the copyright or return the rights to the author. The fact that all of his books, prior to 1964, are in the public domain has been beneficial to the legacy of Orrie Hitt, in that it has made them more readily available to contemporary readers. Original Orrie Hitt paperbacks are collectible not only among aficionados of 1950s and 1960s cover art, but also among readers of mid-century erotica and crime novels, who find them superior to those of other "hack" writers of the time.

text:
# Orrie Hitt

**Orrie Hitt** (October 27, 1916 – December 8, 1975) was a prolific American author of over 150 books, mostly mid-century erotica, but including some crime novels early in his career. It has been said he wrote a book every two weeks at the prime of his career, sitting at his dining room table, fueled by large glasses of iced coffee and cigarettes. His first two books, *I'll Call Every Monday* and *Love in the Arctic* were hardcover books published by Red Lantern, but his career would ultimately be made writing paperback originals.

As a paperback writer, many of his books were written as "work for hire" and the copyright held by the publishing company who, anticipating a very short shelf life, never bothered to renew the copyright or return the rights to the author. The fact that all of his books, prior to 1964, are in the public domain has been beneficial to the legacy of Orrie Hitt, in that it has made them more readily available to contemporary readers.

Original Orrie Hitt paperbacks are collectible not only among aficionados of 1950s and 1960s cover art, but also among readers of mid-century erotica and crime novels, who find them superior to those of other "hack" writers of the time.

## Selected bibliography

### Novels *as by Orrie Hitt*

*Year in parentheses is that of initial publication followed by the year of any reprint under a different title, if any.*

* *I'll Call Every Monday* (1953)
* *Love in the Arctic* (1953)
* *Leased* (with Jack Woodford) (1954, 1958 revised by Hitt & retitled *Trapped* as by Orrie Hitt)
* *Cabin Fever* (1954, 1959 as *Tawny*, 1974 as *Lovers at Night*)
* *She Got What She Wanted* (1954)
* *Shabby Street* (1954)
* *Teaser* (1956)
* *Unfaithful Wives* (1956)
* *The Web of Evil* as by Roger Normandie (1957)
* *The Sucker* (1957)
* *Nudist Camp* (1957)
* *Pushover* (1957)
* *The Promoter* (1957)
* *Ladies' Man* (1957)
* *Dolls and Dues* (1957)
* *Trailer Tramp* (1957)
* *Devil in the Flesh* (1957, 1960 as *Sins of Flesh*)
* *Ellie's Shack* (1958)
* *Suburban Wife* (1958)
* *Summer Hotel* (1958)
* *Wild Oats* (1958)
* *Affairs of a Beauty Queen* (1958)
* *Call South 3300: Ask for Molly!* (1958)
* *Burlesque Girl* (1958)
* *Girl's Dormitory* (1958)
* *Woman Hunt* (1958)
* *Hot Cargo* (1958)
* *The Cheat* (1958)
* *Rotten to the Core* (1958)
* *Love Princess* (1958)
* *Hotel Women* (1958)
* *Hotel Confidential* (1958)
* *Sheba* (1959)
* *The Widow* (1959)
* *Add Flesh to the Fire* (1959)
* *Private Club* (1959)
* *Carnival Girl* (1959)
* *The Peeper* (1959, 1973 as *Twisted Passion*)
* *Too Hot to Handle* (1959)
* *Sin Doll* (1959, 1973 as *The Excesses of Cherry*)
* *Ex-Virgin* (1959, 1969 as *Made for Man*)
* *Suburban Sin* (1959)
* *Pleasure Ground* (1959, 1961)
* *Affair With Lucy* (1959, 1961 as *Married Mistress*)
* *Girl of the Streets* (1959)
* *Summer Romance* (1959)
* *As Bad as They Come* (1959, 1962 as *Mail Order Sex*)
* *Hotel Woman* (1959, 1960 as *Hotel Hostess*)
* *Wayward Girl* (1960)
* *The Torrid Teens* (1960)
* *From Door to Door* (1960)
* *Motel Girls* (1960)
* *Tell Them Anything* (1960)
* *Call Me Bad* (1960)
* *Untamed Lust* (1960)
* *Never Cheat Alone* (1960)
* *The Lady is a Lush* (1960)
* *Sexurbia County* (1960)
* *Tramp Wife* (1960)
* *Hotel Girl* (1960)
* *Lonely Flesh* (1960, 1963 as *Lola*)
* *Suburban Interlude* (1960)
* *The Cheaters* (1960)
* *A Doctor and His Mistress* (1960)
* *Two of a Kind* (1960)
* *I Prowl by Night* (1961)
* *Dirt Farm* (1961, 1968 as *The Hired Man*)
* *Summer of Sin* (1961)
* *Four Women* (1961)
* *The Love Season* (1961)
* *Frigid Wife* (1961)
* *Virgins No More* (1961)
* *Party Doll* (1961)
* *Strange Longing* (1961, 1963 as *Female Doctor*)
* *Man's Nurse* (1961)
* *Hot Blood* (1961)
* *Diploma Dolls* (1961)
* *Dark Passions* (1961)
* *Twisted Lovers* (1961)
* *Suburban Trap* (1961)
* *Carnival Honey* (1961)
* *Wild Lovers* (1961)
* *Easy Women!* (1961, 1963 as *Inflamed Dames*, 1964 as *Love Seekers*, 1965 as *Jenkins' Lovers*)
* *Shocking Mistress!* (1961)
* *Peeping Tom* (1961)
* *Love Thief* (1962)
* *Dial "M" for Man* (1962)
* *Torrid Cheat* (1962)
* *Twin Beds* (1962)
* *Naked Model* (1962)
* *Libby Sin* (1962)
* *Passion Street* (1962)
* *Bad Wife* (1962)
* *Passion Hostess* (1962)
* *Bold Affair* (1962)
* *Campus Tramp* (1962)
* *The Naked Flesh* (1962)
* *Violent Sinners* (1962)
* *Love Slave* (1962)
* *Frustrated Females!* (1962, 1963 as *I Need a Man!*)
* *Warped Woman* (1962, 1963 as *Taboo Thrills*, 1964 as *Wilma's Wants*)
* *Abnormal Norma* (1962)
* *Bed Crazy* (1962, 1964 as *Perverted Doctors*)
* *Man-Hungry Female* (1962, 1964 as *More! More! More!*)
* *Carnival Sin/Playpet* (1962)
* *Torrid Wench* (1963)
* *Strip Alley* (1963)
* *Nude Doll* (1963)
* *Loose Women* (1963)
* *An American Sodom* (1963)
* *Male Lover* (Gaslight, 1964)
* *Passion Pool* (1964)
* *The Color of Lust* (1964)
* *The Passion Hunters* (1964, 1966 as *This Wild Desire*)
* *Lust Prowl* (1964)
* *The Love Seekers* (1964)
* *The Tavern* (1966)
* *Woman's Ward* (1966)
* *While the City Sins* (1967)
* *The Sex Pros* (1968, in the UK as *Cindy*)
* *Panda Bear Passion* (1968)
* *Nude Model* (1970)

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Orrie Edwin Hitt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1916-10-27)October 27, 1916
Colchester, New York, U.S. |
| Died | December 8, 1975(1975-12-08) (aged 59)
Montrose, New York, U.S. |
| Pen name | Kay Addams, Joe Black, Roger Normandie, Charles Verne & Nicky Weaver |
| Occupation | Novelist, writer |
| Period | 1953–1970 |
| Genre | Mid-Century Erotica, Crime fiction |


title: Motherless (film)

abstract: Motherless is a 2022 Iranian drama film directed and written by Morteza Fatemi. The film screened for the first time at the 40th Fajr Film Festival.

text:
# Motherless (film)

***Motherless*** (Persian: بی مادر, romanized: Bi Madar) is a 2022 Iranian drama film directed and written by Morteza Fatemi. The film screened for the first time at the 40th Fajr Film Festival.

## Premise

The quiet life of Amirali (Amir Aghaee) and his wife (Mitra Hajjar), by one of them insisting on a decision, inadvertently enters into complex trials, dilemmas, and moral hazards. Man gains nothing unless he loses things, and every decision has a price to be paid.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Motherless | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Morteza Fatemi |
| Written by | Morteza Fatemi |
| Produced by | Mohammad Reza Mesbah
Ali Oji |
| Starring | Amir Aghaei
Mitra Hajjar
Pardis Pourabedini
Pejman Jamshidi |
| Cinematography | Masoud Salami |
| Edited by | Mohammad Najarian |
| Production
company | Nasim Film Center |
| Release date | * February 1, 2022 (2022-02-01) (FIFF) |
| Country | Iran |
| Language | Persian |


title: Pseudafreutreta bicolor

abstract: Pseudafreutreta bicolor is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Pseudafreutreta of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Pseudafreutreta bicolor

***Pseudafreutreta bicolor*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Pseudafreutreta* of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Uganda.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudafreutreta bicolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephrellini |
| Genus: | *Pseudafreutreta* |
| Species: | ***P. bicolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudafreutreta bicolor***<br>Munro, 1957 | |
|


title: Ignatius Leong

abstract: Ignatius Leong is a professional chess organizer in Singapore and has been one of Asia's leading organizers for more than 20 years. He was awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE) as an International Arbiter in 1979, International Organiser in 1995 and FIDE Senior Trainer in 2004. He was also the president of the Singapore Chess Federation from 2007-2015, Founding President and president of ASEAN Chess Confederation from 2000 to 2015, FIDE Vice President from 2002 to 2006 and FIDE General Secretary from 2005 to 2014. At 23, he became one of the world's youngest International Arbiters. Leong is also Director of the ASEAN Chess Academy. He had played in three Chess Olympiads. Leong once formed a "World Chess Organization", which promised to overthrow FIDE. However, he abandoned that effort when not enough people joined. He has also swung wildly between being a supporter and an opponent of FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov. In 2002, Leong announced that he was running for FIDE President against Ilyumzhinov. Later, he changed his mind, saying that he was not running. Then, changing it again, saying that he had never withdrawn his candidacy. It was eventually ruled that once he had withdrawn, it was too late to become a candidate again, so no election was held because Ilyumzhinov was the only candidate. However, Leong became FIDE Secretary-General.

text:
# Ignatius Leong

**Ignatius Leong** (born 1956) is a professional chess organizer in Singapore and has been one of Asia's leading organizers for more than 20 years. He was awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE) as an International Arbiter in 1979, International Organiser in 1995 and FIDE Senior Trainer in 2004. He was also the president of the Singapore Chess Federation from 2007-2015, Founding President and president of ASEAN Chess Confederation from 2000 to 2015, FIDE Vice President from 2002 to 2006 and FIDE General Secretary from 2005 to 2014.

At 23, he became one of the world's youngest International Arbiters. Leong is also Director of the ASEAN Chess Academy. He had played in three Chess Olympiads.

Leong once formed a "World Chess Organization", which promised to overthrow FIDE. However, he abandoned that effort when not enough people joined. He has also swung wildly between being a supporter and an opponent of FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov.

In 2002, Leong announced that he was running for FIDE President against Ilyumzhinov. Later, he changed his mind, saying that he was not running. Then, changing it again, saying that he had never withdrawn his candidacy. It was eventually ruled that once he had withdrawn, it was too late to become a candidate again, so no election was held because Ilyumzhinov was the only candidate. However, Leong became FIDE Secretary-General.

## Controversy

A few days before the 2014 FIDE Presidential Elections, the *New York Times Magazine* published a lengthy report on the Presidential Elections campaign. Included was information about a leaked contract between Garry Kasparov and Leong from Singapore, in which the Kasparov campaign reportedly "offered to pay Leong 500,000 and to pay $250,000 a year for four years to the Asean Chess Academy, an organization Leong helped create to teach the game, specifying that Leong would be responsible for delivering 11 votes from his region \[...\]". In September 2015, the FIDE Ethics Commission found Kasparov and Leong guilty of violating its Code of Ethics and later suspended them for two years from all FIDE functions and meetings.

## InfoBox

| Ignatius Leong | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Singapore (until 2024)<br>Laos (since 2024) |
| Born | (1956-01-17) January 17, 1956 |
| Title | FIDE Master |
| Peak rating | 2320 (January 1999) |


title: Pammene

abstract: The tortrix moth, genus Pammene, belongs to the tribe Grapholitini of the subfamily Olethreutinae.

text:
# Pammene

The tortrix moth, genus ***Pammene***, belongs to the tribe Grapholitini of the subfamily Olethreutinae.

## Species

89 species are currently recognized in *Pammene*:

## Synonyms

Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of *Pammene* are:

The synonymy of *Pammene* has been subject to some confusion with its close relatives *Cydia* and *Epinotia*: *Eucelis, Orchemia* and *Trycheris* are sometimes listed as junior synonyms of the former, and *Halonota* has been listed as synonym of the latter. But the type species of *Eucelis* and *Trycheris* is *Tortrix mediana* (a junior synonym of *P. aurana*), that of *Orchemia* is *O. gallicana* (a junior synonym of *P. gallicana*), and that of *Halonota* is *Pyralis populana* (a junior synonym of *P. populana*). Thus, *Eucelis, Halonota, Orchemia* and *Trycheris* are all junior subjective synonym of the present genus.

## Footnotes

* Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (20091): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae  Genus *Pammene* account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-APR-20.
* Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae  *Pammene* species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-20.
* Savela, Markku (2005): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms  *Pammene*. Version of 2005-SEP-13. Retrieved 2010-APR-20.
* Savela, Markku (2009): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms  *Epinotia*. Version of 2009-JUL-07. Retrieved 2010-APR-19.

## InfoBox

| *Pammene* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Adult *Pammene aurana*
at Commanster in the Belgian Ardennes | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Tribe: | Grapholitini |
| Genus: | *Pammene*
Hübner, \[1825\] |
|
| Type species | |
| *Tortrix trauniana*
Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 | |
| Diversity | |
| 89 species | |
| Synonyms | |
| Numerous, see text | |


title: To Have and to Hold (1951 film)

abstract: To Have and to Hold is a 1951 British drama film directed by Godfrey Grayson and starring Avis Scott, Patrick Barr and Robert Ayres. Facing death following a riding accident, a man spends his final days arranging the future romantic needs of his wife.

text:
# To Have and to Hold (1951 film)

***To Have and to Hold*** is a 1951 British drama film directed by Godfrey Grayson and starring Avis Scott, Patrick Barr and Robert Ayres. Facing death following a riding accident, a man spends his final days arranging the future romantic needs of his wife.

## Plot

Following a riding accident, country gentleman Brian Harding (Patrick Barr) is crippled and facing imminent death. His final days are spent arranging the future security of his wife and daughter (Avis Scott & Eunice Gayson). This extends to encouraging his wife to developing one of her male friendships into a romantic relationship.

## Cast

## Critical reception

The *Radio Times* noted "A non-starry but well-played little drama, claustrophobic, certainly not uninteresting, but not quite good enough"; whereas *Britmovie* called it a "Stiff upper lip romantic melodrama, not quite so bad as it sounds."

1. Hunter p.189
2. "To Have and to Hold (1951)". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
3. "To Have and to Hold (1951) - Godfrey Grayson - Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related - AllMovie".
4. "To Have and to Hold - Film from RadioTimes".
5. "Britmovie - Home of British Films".

## Bibliography

* Hunter, Jack. *House of horror: the complete Hammer Films story*. Creation, 2000.

## InfoBox

| To Have and to Hold | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Godfrey Grayson |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Based on | the play *To Have and to Hold* by Lionel Brown |
| Produced by | Anthony Hinds |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Walter J. Harvey |
| Edited by | James Needs |
| Music by |  |
| Production<br>company | Hammer Films |
| Distributed by | Exclusive Films (UK) |
| Release date | * March 1951 (1951-03) (UK) |
| Running time | 63 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Haverford Fords football

abstract: The Haverford Fords football team represented Haverford College in college football. The team started in 1879, just the third school in Pennsylvania to field a football team. The team was rivals with Swarthmore. The 1894 game claims to have the first "action shot" photograph of a game. College athletic director James Babbitt was an important figure in the 1905 rules negotiations that brought the forward pass, 10-yard first down and other innovations into the game. Haverford no longer has a team. The school ended the football program in 1972.

text:
# Haverford Fords football

The **Haverford Fords football** team represented Haverford College in college football. The team started in 1879, just the third school in Pennsylvania to field a football team. The team was rivals with Swarthmore. The 1894 game claims to have the first "action shot" photograph of a game. College athletic director James Babbitt was an important figure in the 1905 rules negotiations that brought the forward pass, 10-yard first down and other innovations into the game.

Haverford no longer has a team. The school ended the football program in 1972.

## InfoBox

| Haverford Fords football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| First season | 1879 |
| Last season | 1972 |
| Location | Haverford, Pennsylvania |
| Rivalries | Swarthmore |
| Colors | Red and Black<br> |


title: When It's Alright

abstract: "When It's Alright" is a song by English singer Sam Smith, released as their second single on 2 April 2009.

text:
# When It's Alright

"**When It's Alright**" is a song by English singer Sam Smith, released as their second single on 2 April 2009.

## Background

In February 2009, Venus & Mars Music released promotional singles of "When It's Alright" in the United Kingdom. While it was a pop-soul track in its original form, "When It's Alright" had received remix treatment by Kinky Roland, Per Qx and Kid Massive, and was serviced to club DJs. The remixes transformed the song into a deep house club track. While "When It's Alright" hadn't quite broken into the mainstream, it was gaining positive reviews. Eventually, a German dance label Kosmo Records approached Venus & Mars Music and signed a worldwide license deal for the track. "When It's Alright" was re-promoted in April 2009 with new remixes by German producer, Tom Novy.

## Track listing

* **2009 digital single**

1. "When It's Alright" (Tom Novy Radio Edit) – 3:36
2. "When It's Alright" (Kid Massive Radio Edit) – 3:05
3. "When It's Alright" (Tom Novy Remix) – 7:41
4. "When It's Alright" (Kid Massive Remix) – 5:50
5. "When It's Alright" (Kinky Roland Mix) – 7:24
6. "When It's Alright" (Per QX Remix) – 6:03

## Remixes

1. Kid Massive Radio Edit
2. Kid Massive Remix
3. Kid Massive Dub
4. Kinky Roland Radio Edit
5. Kinky Roland Remix
6. Kinky Roland Dub
7. Per Qx Radio Edit
8. Per Qx Remix
9. Per Qx Dub
10. Per QX Instrumental
11. Tom Novy Radio Edit
12. Tom Novy Remix
13. Tom Novy Dub

Source:

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | February 2009 | Promotional CD | Venus & Mars Music |  |
| Various | 2 April 2009 | Digital download | Kosmo Records |  |

## Juun featuring Sam Smith version

| "When It's Alright" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Juun featuring Sam Smith | |
| from the album  *The Lost Tapes – Remixed* | |
| Released | 9 August 2013 (2013-08-09) |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | House |
| Length | 3:17 |
| Label | Kosmo Records |
| Songwriter(s) | * John Conlon * Victoria Hemmings * William John Pearce |
| Producer(s) | Juun |
| Sam Smith singles chronology | |
| "La La La"
(2013) "**When It's Alright**"
(2013) "Money on My Mind"
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "When It's Alright" on YouTube | |
|  | |

Once Sam Smith became a successful artist, "When It's Alright" was completely transformed and credited to German producers Juun featuring Sam Smith. At first, a music video for Tomcraft Radio Edit was filmed in Ibiza and released on 24 July 2013. On 9 August 2013, Kosmo Records released Tomcraft remixes of "When It's Alright" digitally. On 24 April 2014, a music video was released for the Juun featuring Sam Smith Radio Edit, using the same Ibiza footage. On 8 May 2014, a new music video premiered and the single was re-released on 16 May 2014. It became a club hit in Germany and reached number 74 on the main Top 100 Singles chart. This version of "When It's Alright" was later included on Smith's 2015 album, *The Lost Tapes – Remixed*, which features their early recordings.

### Track listing

* **2013 digital single**

1. "When It's Alright" (Tomcraft Radio Edit) – 3:16
2. "When It's Alright" (Tomcraft Remix) – 5:55

* **2014 German Digital EP**

1. "When It's Alright" (Radio Edit) – 3:17
2. "When It's Alright" (HEYHEY's Grand Piano Remix) – 3:10
3. "When It's Alright" (Tomcraft Remix) – 5:56
4. "When It's Alright" (Extended Edit) – 5:09
5. "When It's Alright" (Dinnerdate Remix) – 5:23

* **2014 German CD single**

1. "When It's Alright" (Radio Edit) – 3:17
2. "When It's Alright" (HEYHEY's Grand Piano Remix) – 3:10

* **2014 French Digital EP**

1. "When It's Alright" (Radio Edit) – 3:17
2. "When It's Alright" (Extended) – 5:06
3. "When It's Alright" (Tomcraft Remix) – 5:55
4. "When It's Alright" (Tomcraft Radio Edit) – 3:19

### Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 74 |

### Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | 9 August 2013 | Digital download | Kosmo Records |  |
| Germany | | | 16 May 2014 |  |
| | 13 June 2014 | | CD single |  |

## InfoBox

| "When It's Alright" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Sam Smith | |
| Released | 2 April 2009 (2009-04-02) |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | House |
| Label | Kosmo Records |
| Songwriter(s) | * John Conlon * Victoria Hemmings * William John Pearce |
| Sam Smith singles chronology | |
| "Bad Day All Week"
(2008) "**When It's Alright**"
(2009) "Latch"
(2012) | |


title: József Ács (painter)

abstract: József Ács (1914–1990) was a Yugoslav painter, art teacher and art critic. From 1953 to 1956 he was rector of the School of Applied Arts in Novi Sad, after which he was art critic for the daily newspaper Magyar Szó for the Hungarians of Vojvodina. In his paintings, Ács went through several stages of development, from Post-Impressionism to Surrealism. He exhibited outside Yugoslavia in places like Paris, Vienna, Szeged, Modena, Regensburg and Stuttgart.

text:
# József Ács (painter)

**József Ács** (1914–1990) was a Yugoslav painter, art teacher and art critic. From 1953 to 1956 he was rector of the School of Applied Arts in Novi Sad, after which he was art critic for the daily newspaper *Magyar Szó* for the Hungarians of Vojvodina. In his paintings, Ács went through several stages of development, from Post-Impressionism to Surrealism. He exhibited outside Yugoslavia in places like Paris, Vienna, Szeged, Modena, Regensburg and Stuttgart.


title: Hori (High Priest of Osiris)

abstract: Hori was an ancient Egyptian High Priest of Osiris at Abydos, during the reign of pharaohs Ramesses II.

text:
# Hori (High Priest of Osiris)

**Hori** was an ancient Egyptian High Priest of Osiris at Abydos, during the reign of pharaohs Ramesses II.

## Biography

|  |
| --- |
| Hori
in hieroglyphs |
| Era: New Kingdom
(1550–1069 BC) |
|  |
|  |

Hori came from a long line of High Priests of Osiris, He was the fifth holder of the High Priesthood in his family. He was the son of the High Priest of Osiris Wenennefer and the Chantress of Osiris Tiy.

Hori is known from several sources:

* A kneeling statue with a Horus figure, now in Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg (AEIN 1492 - *A.66*)
* A kneeling statue with an Osiris figure, now in the University of Chicago Oriental Institute (OIC 7204)
* A limestone stela from Abydos from Mariette's excavations. Hori is shown adoring Osiris and Isis.
* A relief fragment now in Cairo.
* A small stela now in Cairo.
* His painted sarcophagus made between 1186-1070 B.C. is exhibited in Pápa, Hungary, since 1884.

## InfoBox

| Hori | |
| --- | --- |
| High Priest of Osiris | |
| Predecessor | Wenennefer |
| Successor | Yuyu |
| Dynasty | 19th Dynasty |
| Pharaoh | Ramesses II |
| Father | Wenennefer |
| Mother | Tiy |


title: Arthur Lenroot Jr.

abstract: Arthur Alvin Lenroot Jr. was a Republican member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 11th district from 1947 to 1955. He was a nephew of Irvine Lenroot, who served as a United States senator and congressman from Wisconsin.

text:
# Arthur Lenroot Jr.

**Arthur Alvin Lenroot Jr.** (February 18, 1912  July 8, 1997) was a Republican member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 11th district from 1947 to 1955. He was a nephew of Irvine Lenroot, who served as a United States senator and congressman from Wisconsin.

## Biography

He was born in Superior, Wisconsin, and went to University of St. Thomas and University of Wisconsin–Superior. He worked for a railroad and an oil company and was an abstractor and involved in conservation and the tourism industry. Lenroot also served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1942 and 1944 and was a delegate to the 1948 Republican National Convention. According to the Wisconsin Blue Book, he was elected in 1946 and re-elected in 1950, but was defeated in 1954 by Democrat Carl Lauri. He died in Santa Rosa, California.

## InfoBox

| Arthur Lenroot Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Wisconsin Senate
from the 11th district | |
| **In office**
January 1947  January 1955 | |
| Preceded by | Elmer Peterson |
| Succeeded by | Richard J. Zaborski |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
from the Douglas 2nd district | |
| **In office**
January 1943  January 1947 | |
| Preceded by | Elmer Peterson |
| Succeeded by | Charles E. Nelson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1912-02-18)February 18, 1912
Superior, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | July 8, 1997(1997-07-08) (aged 85)
Santa Rosa, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Sunset Memorial Park Cemetery, Minneapolis |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Ethel |
| Relatives | Irvine Lenroot (uncle) |
|  | |


title: Papillaria crocea

abstract: Papillaria crocea is a species of moss. It may be seen as an epiphyte in moist Australian forests.

text:
# Papillaria crocea

***Papillaria crocea*** is a species of moss. It may be seen as an epiphyte in moist Australian forests.

## InfoBox

| *Papillaria crocea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Hanging moss in a Cool Temperate Rainforest at Budawang National Park, Australia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Bryidae |
| Order: | Hypnales |
| Family: | Meteoriaceae |
| Genus: | *Papillaria* |
| Species: | ***P. crocea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Papillaria crocea***<br>Jaeger, 1877 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * Pilotrichum croceum Hampe (1853) * Pilotrichum sieberi Hampe (1847) * Pilotrichum nigrescens Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal. (1850), nom. inval. (in synon.) * Neckera nigrescens Hornsch. ex Hampe (1881), nom. inval. (in synon.) * Meteorium cuspidiferum Wilson (1854) * Papillaria cuspidifera (Wilson) A.Jaeger (1877) * Neckera kermadecensis Müll.Hal. (1857) * Papillaria kermadecensis (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (1877) * Pilotrichella kermadecensis (Müll.Hal.) Hampe (1881) * Meteorium kermadecense (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. (1882) * Trachypus hornschuchii Mitt. (1860) * Trachycarpus hornschuchii Mitt. ex Burges (1935), nom. inval. (orthogr.) * Neckera reginae Hampe (1876) * Papillaria reginae (Hampe) A.Jaeger (1877) * Pilotrichella reginae (Hampe) Hampe (1881) * Meteorium reginae (Hampe) Mitt. (1882) | |