title: Perepiteia

abstract: Perepiteia is claimed to be a new generator developed by the Canadian inventor Thane Heins. The device is named after the Greek word for peripety, a dramatic reversal of circumstances or turning point in a story. The device was quickly attributed the term "perpetual motion machine" by several media outlets. Due to the long history of hoaxes and failures of perpetual motion machines and the incompatibility of such a device with accepted principles of physics, Heins' claims about Perepiteia have been treated with considerable skepticism. In 2003, Heins filed a patent application in Canada but no patent was granted. Heins also founded Potential Difference Inc, the website of which contains a series of videos of the inventor demonstrating the machine. US patent #9,230,730 issued in 2016 pertaining to another of Thane's inventions, a bi-toroidal topology transformer. Heins has recently stated that he is unsure whether or not the machine really produces energy, but in communications with science writer David Bradley of ScienceBase, Heins made claims of up to 7000% efficiency for the bi-toroidal transformer. Heins, who reportedly works 8–12 hours a day on the Perepiteia, insists that it is viable and that "This technology should be mainstream."

text:
# Perepiteia

**Perepiteia** is claimed to be a new generator developed by the Canadian inventor Thane Heins. The device is named after the Greek word for peripety, a dramatic reversal of circumstances or turning point in a story. The device was quickly attributed the term "perpetual motion machine" by several media outlets. Due to the long history of hoaxes and failures of perpetual motion machines and the incompatibility of such a device with accepted principles of physics, Heins' claims about Perepiteia have been treated with considerable skepticism.

In 2003, Heins filed a patent application in Canada but no patent was granted. Heins also founded Potential Difference Inc, the website of which contains a series of videos of the inventor demonstrating the machine. US patent #9,230,730 issued in 2016 pertaining to another of Thane's inventions, a bi-toroidal topology transformer.

Heins has recently stated that he is unsure whether or not the machine really produces energy, but in communications with science writer David Bradley of ScienceBase, Heins made claims of up to 7000% efficiency for the bi-toroidal transformer. Heins, who reportedly works 8–12 hours a day on the Perepiteia, insists that it is viable and that "This technology should be mainstream."

## Theory

Mechanically, the device appears to be an induction motor with a magnetic material placed inside the rotor core. Heins believes that the device's potential may rest in its atypical manipulation of the back electromotive force (back EMF). A more detailed description of the device may be found in the patent application, minus supporting figures.

The apparent unique quality of the Perepiteia machine is that instead of maintaining a certain state of motion, it appears to generate acceleration. According to Heins, the Perepiteia produces magnetic friction which somehow gets turned into a magnetic boost. Using an electric motor, the drive shaft is attached to a steel rotor with small round magnets lining its outer edges. In this set-up of a simple generator, the rotor spins so that the magnets pass by a wire coil just in front of them, generating electrical energy.

## Operation

Perepiteia's process begins by overloading the generator to get a current, which typically causes the wire coil to build up a large electromagnetic field. Usually, this kind of electromagnetic field creates an effect called the back electromotive force (back EMF) due to Lenz's law. The effect should repel the spinning magnets on the rotor, and slow them down until the motor stops completely, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. However, instead of stopping, the rotor accelerates (i.e., the magnetic friction did not repel the magnets and wire coil). Heins states that the steel rotor and driveshaft conducted the magnetic resistance away from the coil and back into the electric motor. In effect, the back EMF was boosting the magnetic fields used by the motor to generate electrical energy and cause acceleration. The faster the motor accelerated, the stronger the electromagnetic field it would create on the wire coil, which in turn would make the motor go even faster. Heins seemed to have created a positive feedback loop. To confirm the theory, Heins replaced part of the driveshaft with plastic pipe that wouldn't conduct the magnetic field. There was no acceleration.

## Scientific examination

In early 2008, Heins was given access to equipment to demonstrate it by professor Riadh Habash of the University of Ottawa, who says of it, "It accelerates, but when it comes to an explanation, there is no backing theory for it. That's why we're consulting MIT. But at this time we can't support any claim."

After examining the machine and witnessing a demonstration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) professor Markus Zahn admitted that he could not fully explain its operation. Although he refused to call it perpetual motion, he stated that it might be an extremely efficient motor. Regarding the device, Zahn stated that "It's an unusual phenomena \[*sic*\] I wouldn't have predicted in advance. But I saw it. It's real. Now I'm just trying to figure it out...To my mind this is unexpected and new, and it's worth exploring all the possible advantages once you're convinced it's a real effect." However, even if Perepiteia does not produce perpetual motion, Zahn still believes that the device could have considerable practical applications, noting that "There are an infinite number of induction machines in people's homes and everywhere around the world. If you could make them more efficient, cumulatively, it could make a big difference."

However, Zahn later stated in an interview that "I can't understand how \[Heins\] can even breathe the words 'perpetual motion.' He plugs it into the wall." In a subsequent e-mail to Heins, Zahn wrote that: "Any talk of perpetual motion, over unity efficiency, etc. discredits you, now me, and your ideas." Zahn further stated that he would not endorse Heins' device until "the foolishness is stopped of hinting that your motor violates fundamental laws of physics."

## Criticism

Critics of the system have pointed out that the system described by Heins simply demonstrates a change in the motor's hysteresis drag, increasing the speed of the rotor but not producing any energy. In other words, when the rotor exhibits acceleration following a specific electrical short-out, the device is merely more efficiently converting the input electricity to mechanical energy than in the other test configurations.

On February 29, 2008, six members of Ottawa Skeptics met at the Colonel By building at the University of Ottawa to witness a demonstration of Perepiteia. Heins, who conducted the demonstration, later met with the members to discuss his device and answer questions. In a subsequent report released in May, Ottawa Skeptics expressed severe doubts about Heins' claims regarding Perepiteia. They noted that Perepiteia produces either observed acceleration or a slight increase in generator electrical output, but this alone does not automatically mean that "free energy" or perpetual motion is being produced, or that there is a "real and measurable effect." While acknowledging that the speed-up behaviour of the generator cannot be fully explained, they stated that there is no evidence that Perepiteia "represents any challenge to currently known laws of physics."

On May 21, 2009, a skeptic writing under the name Natan Weissman wrote an explanation of Perepiteia in relation to its motor, a Ryobi bench grinder. The author states that the acceleration behavior of the machine is due to the consumption of torque from the induction motor, rather than any unconventional manipulation of Electromagnetic fields or Counter-electromotive force.

On June 3, 2013, posting in response to questions *Pure Energy Blog*, Heins provided an explanation of his claims, stating that: "A generator that requires a 1 Watt increase in mechanical drive shaft power to deliver 1 Watt of electrical power to a load would be 100% efficient. A generator that delivers 0.95 Watts with a 1 Watt increase in mechanical drive shaft power from no-load to on-load would be 95% efficient."


title: Pernastela gnoma

abstract: Pernastela gnoma, also known as the dwarf pinhead snail, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.

text:
# Pernastela gnoma

***Pernastela gnoma***, also known as the **dwarf pinhead snail**, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.

## Description

The trochoidal shell of the mature snail is 0.8 mm in height, with a diameter of 1.2–1.3 mm, and a moderate spire. It is golden-brown in colour. The whorls are shouldered and sutures impressed, with moderately spaced radial ribs. It has an ovately lunate aperture and a narrow umbilicus.

## Distribution and habitat

The snail is common and widespread across the island, inhabiting plant litter.

## InfoBox

| *Pernastela gnoma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location of Lord Howe Island | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Punctidae |
| Genus: | *Pernastela* |
| Species: | ***P. gnoma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pernastela gnoma***<br>Iredale, 1944 | |
|
|  | |
| Location of Lord Howe Island | |


title: People's Republic of Congo Air Force

abstract: The People's Republic of Congo Air Force was the air force of the Republic of the Congo from 1970-1992.

text:
# People's Republic of Congo Air Force

The **People's Republic of Congo Air Force** was the air force of the Republic of the Congo from 1970-1992.

## Aircraft

### Inventory from 1960-1992

| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Combat Aircraft | | | | | | |
| MiG-21 | Soviet Union | fighter / interceptor |  | 14 | placed in storage |
| MiG-17 | Soviet Union | fighter | MiG-17F | 8 | placed in storage |
| Transport | | | | | | |
| C-47 Dakota | United States | transport |  | 2 |  |
| SN.601 Corvette | France | VIP |  | 1 |  |
| N.2501F Noratlas | France | transport |  | 2 |  |
| Ilyushin Il-14 | Soviet Union | transport |  | 2 |  |
| An-24 | Soviet Union | transport |  | 7 |  |
| An-26 | Soviet Union | transport |  | 1 |  |
| Helicopters | | | | | | |
| Alouette II | France | liaison |  | 2 |  |
| Alouette III | France | liaison |  | 2 |  |
| AS365 Dauphin | France | VIP | SA365C | 1 |  |
| Mi-8 | Soviet Union | transport |  | 1 |  |
| Trainer Aircraft | | | | | | |
| MiG-15 | Soviet Union | jet trainer | MiG-15UTi | 1 | placed in storage |

1. "World Air Forces 1994 pg. 38". Flightglobal Insight. 1994. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
2. "World Air Forces 2004 pg. 38". Flightglobal Insight. 1994. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.

## InfoBox

| People's Republic of Congo Air Force | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 1970 |
| Country | People's Republic of the Congo |
| Branch | Air force |
| Role | Aerial warfare |
| Part of | Congolese Armed Forces |
| Insignia | |
| Former roundel |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter | Mig-21 |
| Helicopter | Mil Mi-35, Mil Mi-17 |
| Transport | An-26 |


abstract: The Burundian Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York is the official representative of the Government of Burundi to the Headquarters of the United Nations.

text:
# Permanent Representative of Burundi to the United Nations in New York

The **Burundian Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York** is the official representative of the Government of Burundi to the Headquarters of the United Nations.

## List of representatives

| Diplomatic accreditation | Permanent Representative | Observations | List of presidents of Burundi | List of secretaries-general of the United Nations | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 18, 1962 |  | Burundi joined the United Nations. | Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi | U Thant |  |
| September 18, 1962 | Pascal Bubiriza |  | Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi | U Thant |  |
| October 24, 1963 | Gervais Nyangoma |  | Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi | U Thant |  |
| April 12, 1965 | André Nyankiye |  | Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi | U Thant |  |
| April 5, 1966 | Térence Nsanzé |  | Michel Micombero | U Thant |  |
| April 18, 1973 | Joseph Ndabaniwe |  | Michel Micombero | Kurt Waldheim |  |
| June 1976 | Patrice Abraham Haruna Mikanagu |  | Jean-Baptiste Bagaza | Kurt Waldheim |  |
| January 17, 1977 | Artémon Simbananiye |  | Jean-Baptiste Bagaza | Kurt Waldheim |  |
| September 25, 1981 | Melchior Bwakira |  | Jean-Baptiste Bagaza | Kurt Waldheim |  |
| January 8, 1987 | Jonathas Niyungeko |  | Pierre Buyoya | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |  |
| September 28, 1989 | Benoit Seburyamo |  | Pierre Buyoya | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |  |
| 1993 | Therence Sinunguruza |  | Cyprien Ntaryamira | Boutros Boutros-Ghali | 1994 |
| February 1, 1995 | Tharcisse Ntakibirora |  | Sylvestre Ntibantunganya | Boutros Boutros-Ghali |  |
| July 17, 1997 | Gamaliel Ndaruzaniye | Nzeyimana Caritas Ndaruzaniye | Pierre Buyoya | Kofi Annan |  |
| October 5, 1999 | Marc Nteturuye |  | Pierre Buyoya | Kofi Annan |  |
| May 1, 2006 | Joseph Ntakirutimana |  | Pierre Nkurunziza | Kofi Annan |  |
| May 7, 2008 | Augustin Nsanze |  | Pierre Nkurunziza | Ban Ki-moon |  |
| 2006 | Albert Shingiro | Chargé d'affaires | Pierre Nkurunziza | Kofi Annan | 2006 |
| July 17, 2009 | Zacharie Gahutu |  | Pierre Nkurunziza | Ban Ki-moon |  |
| October 2011 | Hermenegilde Niyonzima |  | Pierre Nkurunziza | Ban Ki-moon |  |
| September 4, 2014 | Albert Shingiro |  | Pierre Nkurunziza | Ban Ki-moon | 2020 |

40°45′03″N 73°58′09″W / 40.750861°N 73.969158°W / 40.750861; -73.969158

## InfoBox

| Permanent Representative of Burundi to the Headquarters of the United Nations | |
| --- | --- |
| Inaugural holder | Pascal Bubiriza |
| Formation | September 18, 1962 |


abstract: The ambassador and permanent representative of Australia to the World Trade Organization is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Permanent Mission of the Commonwealth of Australia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, Switzerland. The position has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and continues Australia's representation to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, as a charter member joining the WTO to replace the GATT on 1 January 1995. The Permanent Mission to the WTO is based with the Australian Permanent Mission and Consulate-General in Geneva. Prior to 1973, the role of Australia's representative on the GATT was filled by the Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations Office in Geneva.

text:
# Permanent Representative of Australia to the World Trade Organization

The **ambassador and permanent representative of Australia to the World Trade Organization** is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Permanent Mission of the Commonwealth of Australia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, Switzerland. The position has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and continues Australia's representation to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT; 1948–1995), as a charter member joining the WTO to replace the GATT on 1 January 1995. The Permanent Mission to the WTO is based with the Australian Permanent Mission and Consulate-General in Geneva. Prior to 1973, the role of Australia's representative on the GATT was filled by the Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations Office in Geneva.

## Office holders

| # | Officeholder | Title | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | George Warwick Smith | Special Trade Representative, Geneva | 16 January 1973 | 20 April 1976 | 3 years, 95 days |  |
| 2 | J. T. Fogarty | | January 1977 | 1980 | 2–3 years |  |
| 3 | Francis Patrick Donovan | | 1980 | 30 August 1982 | 1–2 years |  |
| 4 | Peter Stewart Field | | 30 August 1982 | March 1985 | 2 years, 6 months |  |
| 5 | Alan Oxley | | March 1985 | 1 August 1988 | **4 years, 4 months** |  |
| | | Permanent Representative of Australia
to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade | 1 August 1988 | | July 1989 |  |
| | 6 | David Hawes | July 1989 | March 1993 | 3 years, 8 months |  |
| | 7 | Donald Kenyon | March 1993 | 1 January 1995 | 3 years, 9 months |  |
| | | Permanent Representative of Australia
to the World Trade Organization | 1 January 1995 | | | December 1996 |
| | 8 | Ted Delofski | 11 December 1996 | December 1997 | 11 months |  |
| | 9 | Geoff Raby | January 1998 | August 2001 | 3 years, 7 months |  |
| | 10 | David Spencer | August 2001 | August 2005 | 4 years |  |
| | 11 | Bruce Gosper | August 2005 | 19 December 2008 | 3 years, 4 months |  |
| | 12 | Peter Grey | 19 December 2008 | 1 March 2010 | 1 year, 2 months |  |
| | 13 | Tim Yeend | 1 March 2010 | June 2013 | 3 years, 3 months |  |
| | 14 | Hamish McCormick | 25 June 2013 | December 2016 | 3 years, 5 months |  |
| | 15 | Frances Lisson | January 2017 | 27 October 2020 | 3 years, 9 months |  |
| | 16 | George Mina | 27 October 2020 | *Incumbent* | 3 years, 329 days |  |

## InfoBox

| Permanent Representative of Australia to the World Trade Organization | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Incumbent
George Mina
since 27 October 2020 (2020-10-27) | |
| Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Reports to |  |
| Seat | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Nominator | Prime Minister of Australia |
| Appointer | Governor General of Australia |
| Inaugural holder |  |
| Formation | * 1 August 1988 (1988-08-01) (GATT) * 1 November 1995 (1995-011-01) (WTO) |
| Website | Australian Permanent Mission and Consulate-General, Geneva, Switzerland |


abstract: The Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations is the official representative of the government of Austria to the United Nations.

text:
# Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations

The **Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations** is the official representative of the government of Austria to the United Nations.

## Permanent Representatives

### Permanent Representatives in New York

The *Permanent Mission of Austria to the United Nations in New York* (UNONY) is located in the skyscraper at 600 Third Avenue in Manhattan. In addition to the General Assembly, the UN Secretariat, the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, UNICEF, UNDP and UNFPA are also located there.

### Permanent Representatives in Geneva

The *Permanent Mission of Austria to the United Nations in Geneva* (UNOG) and the Specialized Agencies at Geneva is located at 35–37 Avenue-Giuseppe-Motta in Geneva. The representation includes UNHRC, UNCTAD, UNCD, UNDRO, UNITAR, WHO, ILO, ITU, WIPO, WMO and the UN treaty bodies. It also includes the WTO Division for the World Tourism Organization, whose headquarters is the Permanent Mission in Madrid.

### Permanent Representatives in Vienna

The *Permanent Mission of Austria to the United Nations in Vienna* (UNOV) is located in the Andromeda Tower in Vienna's 22nd District Donaustadt. It also includes the Permanent Mission to the IAEA, UNIDO and CTBTO. The Vienna offices of UNOV, UNODC, UNCITRAL, UNOOSA, SEforALL are also entrusted with this task.

## InfoBox

| Ambassador of Austria to United Nations | |
| --- | --- |
| Incumbent
Alexander Marschik
since July 6, 2020 | |
| Inaugural holder | Franz Matsch |
| Formation | 1956 |


title: Percy Stafford Allen

abstract: Percy Stafford Allen was a British classical scholar, best known for his writings on Desiderius Erasmus.

text:
# Percy Stafford Allen

**Percy Stafford Allen** FBA (7 July 1869 – 16 June 1933) was a British classical scholar, best known for his writings on Desiderius Erasmus.

## Life

Percy Stafford Allen was born on 7 July 1869 in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. He was a son of Joseph Allen (1825–1901) and Mary Mason Satow (1842–1892). He received his early education in Rottingdean. From 1882, he studied Latin and Greek at Clifton College and after 1888 at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. One of his Oxford tutors was the historian and biographer James Anthony Froude. In 1892 he received his BA, and his MA in 1896.

From 1897 to 1901 he taught history at Government College in Lahore, British India (modern Pakistan). He returned to Oxford in 1908 as a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. From 1924 to 1933 he was president of Corpus Christi College. In 1925 he delivered the British Academy's Master-Mind Lecture, on "Erasmus' Services to Learning". In 1928 he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

He was married in 1898 to Helen Mary Allen (1872–1952), daughter of Arthur John Allen and Margaret Agneta Satow. She made significant contributions to their scholarly collaborations, and was acknowledged through several honours: she received honorary doctorates from the University of Basel (1946) and the University of Amsterdam (1948), as well as an honorary MA degree from Oxford (1932). Mrs Allen was elected an honorary fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford, in 1944.

Allen is best known as the editor of the complete letters of Erasmus of Rotterdam, a twelve-volume work. Among other writings, he also published *The Age of Erasmus: Lectures delivered in the University of Oxford and London* (1914) and *Letters of Richard Fox, 1486–1527* (1929).

## Writings

* *The age of Erasmus. Lectures delivered in the University of Oxford and London*, Oxford, 1914.
* *Letters of Richard Fox 1486–1527*, Oxford 1929. (joint editor, with H. M. Allen)
* *Erasmus. Lectures and wayfaring sketches*, Oxford, 1934.
* *Opus epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterodami : denuo recognitum et auctum*, Percy Stafford Allen, Helen Mary Allen and Heathcote William Garrod. *Compendium vitae* P.S. Allen addidit H.W. Garrod. Indices (T. XII) compilavit Barbara Flower; perfecit et edidit Elisabeth Rosenbaum, Oxford, éd. Clarendon, 1906–1958, 12 vol. in 8°:
    + Vol. I: 1484–1514, XXIV + 615 p. (1906)
    + Vol. II: 1514–1517, XX + 603 p. (1910)
    + Vol. III: 1517–1519, XXXI + 634 p. (1913)
    + Vol. IV: 1519–1521, XXXII + 632 p. (1922)
    + Vol. V: 1522–1524, XXIII + 631 p. (1924)
    + Vol. VI: 1525–1527, XXV + 518 p. (1926)
    + Vol. VII: 1527–1528, XXIII + 558 p. (1928)
    + Vol. VIII: 1529–1530, XLIV + 515 p. (1934)
    + Vol. IX: 1530–1532, XXIII + 497 p. (1938)
    + Vol. X: 1532–1534, XXIV + 440 p. (1941)
    + Vol. XI: 1534–1536, XXVII + 400 p. (1947)

## Collection

Allen's collection comprising original editions of Erasmus' works and a comprehensive working library of around 2,000 items relating to Erasmus, which was built up by Allens while editing the Opus epistolarum, were donated to the Bodleian Library in 1953 by Mrs Allen in accordance with the wishes of her husband. The collection spans a wide range of places of publication and time periods, dating from the 16th-20th centuries, and includes a collection of offprints and pamphlets.


title: Percy Stewart

abstract: Percy Gerald Stewart was an Australian politician. He was an original member of the Victorian Farmers' Union and long a radical campaigner for farming interests. He helped bring down Stanley Bruce's government in 1929, but died soon after.

text:
# Percy Stewart

**Percy Gerald Stewart** (18 October 1885 – 15 October 1931) was an Australian politician. He was an original member of the Victorian Farmers' Union and long a radical campaigner for farming interests. He helped bring down Stanley Bruce's government in 1929, but died soon after.

## Early life

Stewart was born in the Melbourne suburb of Footscray, Victoria and educated at Yarraville State School. He worked in Melbourne and western Victoria, including a period as a shepherd, and then went to sea. He gained a master's certificate, but gave up sailing after contracting malaria. He then travelled in Europe and Canada before returning to Australia in 1909. In 1913, he selected a block of land in the Mallee at Carwarp, but later sold it and moved to another farm at Carwarp West. In 1916 Stewart married Edith Catherine Roberts. During World War I, he volunteered three times for military service but was turned down on health grounds. He worked with the Victorian Department of Agriculture to develop new techniques to improve crops yields in the Mallee. He bought the Mildura Sunraysia Daily in 1924 and was its chairman until his death.

## Political career

### Early involvement

Inspired by the Canadian grain growers' associations, Stewart helped found the Victorian Farmers' Union, which eventually developed into the Victorian branch of the Country Party. In September 1916, he was appointed to the VFU's central council and in November 1917 he won the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Swan Hill as one of four original VFU members. In parliament, he was highly independent and often voted with the Labor Party.

### House of Representatives

Stewart resigned his state seat prior to the October 1919 federal election and won the seat of Wimmera, which he held to his death. He was one of five original members of the VFU in the House of Representatives and took a large part in negotiating the formation of the BrucePage coalition government in late 1922, and he became Minister for Works and Railways in the resulting ministry. As minister, he was also president of the River Murray Commission, which allowed him to press for the completion of the Hume Weir. He also helped to establish the irrigated citrus industry along the Murray River. On 28 August 1923, he turned the first sod on the construction of the provisional Parliament House in Canberra.

In August 1924, Stewart resigned his portfolio in protest at a deal between Bruce and Page that protected sitting members from opposition from coalition party candidates at elections, which he regarded as an unwarranted restriction on voters' choice. He and Albert Dunstan then established the Victorian Country Progressive Party, which held the balance of power in the Victorian Legislative Assembly in the late 1920s and sought to establish compulsory nationwide pools and guaranteed prices for wheat. This idea eventually led to the establishment of the Australian Wheat Board. Bruce campaigned against his re-election at the 1928 election and 1929 election, without success. In September 1929, he voted against Bruce's bill to abolish the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, helping to bring down his government. After the election of the Scullin government in 1929, he worked closely with it and sought reduced tariffs and a range of government interventions to raise rural incomes.

In 1931 Stewart died of pneumonia at Woomelang survived by his wife.

## InfoBox

| The HonourablePercy Stewart | |
| --- | --- |
| Stewart in 1924 | |
|  | |
| Minister for Works and Railways | |
| **In office**
9 February 1923  8 August 1924 | |
| Prime Minister | Stanley Bruce |
| Preceded by | Richard Foster |
| Succeeded by | William Hill |
| Member of the Australian Parliament
for Wimmera | |
| **In office**
13 December 1919  14 October 1931 | |
| Preceded by | Sydney Sampson |
| Succeeded by | Hugh McClelland |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1885-10-18)18 October 1885
Footscray, Victoria |
| Died | 14 October 1931(1931-10-14) (aged 45)
Woomelang, Victoria |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Political party | Country (191926)
Country Progressive (192630)
Independent (193031) |
| Spouse | Edith Catherine Roberts |
| Occupation | Farmer |
|  | |


title: Jean-Claude Larreche

abstract: Jean-Claude "JC" Larreche is Emeritus Professor at INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, where he held the Alfred H. Heineken Chair of Marketing from 1993 to 2018. His academic and business activities are focused on building the fundamental capabilities required to create corporate value, especially through marketing excellence, customer focus, and value-capture selling. He is Founder and President of StratX ExL and of StratX Simulations. StratX ExL organizes and delivers experiential learning seminars on leadership, marketing, and innovation for leading global corporations. StratX Simulations is the provider of world-renowned computerized business learning software, including REVMANEX, Markstrat, Circular Markstrat, Digital Markstrat, Blue Ocean Strategy Simulation, BrandPRO, Digital MediaPRO, and MixPRO. In addition to his distinguished academic and business career, Larreche is known for his books Value Capture Selling: How to Win the 3rd Sales Transformation and The Momentum Effect: How to Ignite Exceptional Growth, numerous articles and papers, and his pioneering work in business simulations, starting with Markstrat, the leading strategic-marketing simulation, used by more than a million executives worldwide.

text:
# Jean-Claude Larreche

**Jean-Claude "JC" Larreche** (born 3 July 1947) is Emeritus Professor at INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, where he held the Alfred H. Heineken Chair of Marketing from 1993 to 2018. His academic and business activities are focused on building the fundamental capabilities required to create corporate value, especially through marketing excellence, customer focus, and value-capture selling.

He is Founder and President of StratX ExL and of StratX Simulations. StratX ExL organizes and delivers experiential learning seminars on leadership, marketing, and innovation for leading global corporations. StratX Simulations is the provider of world-renowned computerized business learning software, including REVMANEX, Markstrat, Circular Markstrat, Digital Markstrat, Blue Ocean Strategy Simulation, BrandPRO, Digital MediaPRO, and MixPRO.

In addition to his distinguished academic and business career, Larreche is known for his books *Value Capture Selling: How to Win the 3rd Sales Transformation* (to be published by Wiley in September 2023) and *The Momentum Effect: How to Ignite Exceptional Growth*, numerous articles and papers, and his pioneering work in business simulations, starting with Markstrat, the leading strategic-marketing simulation, used by more than a million executives worldwide.

## Education

Larreche received a degree in engineering (with a major in computer hardware) from INSA Lyon in 1968. He then developed his expertise in computer software and obtained his MSc in Computer Science from the University of London in 1969. He entered the world of business by studying at INSEAD where he received his MBA in 1970. He specialized further in marketing and modeling at the Stanford Graduate School of Business in California where he obtained his PhD in 1974. While pursuing his PhD at Stanford, Larreche continued to pursue his interest in computer science there—taking classes taught by John McCarthy, the father of artificial intelligence. It was at Stanford that he was given the nickname “JC” by his classmates.

## Career

### Pioneering the development of business simulations

While working as a research assistant at INSEAD after his MBA, in 1970 Larreche was asked to assist L’Oréal assess an MIT-developed computerized marketing model that they were considering purchasing. He was fascinated by it and "decided to investigate the best places in the world to study marketing modeling." Larreche is quoted as saying that he chose Stanford for his PhD so that he could study under David B. Montgomery, one of the founders of marketing modeling.

Leveraging his dual background in marketing and computer science, and working with his research assistant, Hubert Gatignon, from 1974 to 1977 Larreche further developed his work on marketing modeling to create a teaching simulation called Markstrat (short for “marketing strategy”). Markstrat is a game where teams of students compete against one another in an artificial world under realistic market conditions. The game provides marketing students and professionals alike with a risk-free platform to test decisions around a variety of concepts, including brand positioning, market segmentation, and product portfolios—enabling them to become more effective at creating value in competitive markets. It is claimed that Markstrat is now used in 8 out of the top 10 business schools in the world and 25 of the top 30 schools in the US.

Among other simulations, Larreche also developed DiG – Discovery Innovation Growth—a versatile learning tool to develop competencies in innovation, customer centricity, value-based marketing, business acumen, leadership, and team performance.

More recently, he designed the REVMANEX simulator for sales and negotiations training with a focus on corporate-value creation.

### Business activities

In 1983, at the age of just 36, Larreche was appointed to the board of Reckitt & Coleman (now Reckitt Benckiser), London, in a non-executive role after previously working for the firm in a consultancy capacity. He remained on the board for 18 years.

In 1984, he founded StratX to offer business schools and global corporations access to leading-edge computerized experiential learning tools. These activities developed over time, and in 2019 StratX was split into two separate companies: StratX Simulations, offering world-renowned computerized business learning software, and StratX ExL, organizing experiential-learning seminars on leadership, marketing, and innovation for leading global corporations.

Larreche served as a Member of the Board of The MAC Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts, from 1986 through 1990, and was a Non-Executive Director for Smartpool, London, from 2008 through 2012.

Throughout his business career, he has consulted for many of the world’s top firms, including Alcan, Boeing, British Broadcasting Corporation, British Telecom, Christian Salvesen, Citibank, Digital Equipment, General Electric, Heineken, Hewlett Packard, IBM, ICI, ICL, IMS, MDM Bank, Merck, Nestlé, Nordea, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Oracle, Partner Re, Pfizer, Polaroid, Randstad, Rank Xerox, Remploy, UBS, Volvo, Zambon, Zeneca, and others.

### Academic activities

During the 1990s, Larreche’s work began to concentrate on the underlying capabilities that impact on a business’s ability to compete in the marketplace and to create corporate value. He published a series of reports based on surveys conducted with more than 1,200 executives in hundreds of Fortune 1000 companies. The surveys attempted to define and evaluate the attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of large global firms and assess their impact on corporate performance. That work, combined with computer modeling and his longtime work on customer focus, converged on the concept of “momentum”—an attempt to map out a process for improving the efficiency of a firm’s profitable growth. The culmination of this period of Larreche’s work was the publication in 2008 of the book, *The Momentum Effect: How to Ignite Exceptional Growth*.

More recently, Larreche has focused his attention on the development of the concept of the 3rd sales transformation and its critical importance to the creation of corporate value in the current global business environment of reduced growth and stronger competition. Larreche’s further development of this concept led to the publication in 2023 of his book, *Value Capture Selling: How to Win the 3rd Sales Transformation*.

### Editorial positions

## Recognition

Larreche has been widely recognized for his academic and business achievements, including being elected as a faculty member representative to the INSEAD Board for 18 cumulative years. In addition, he has received the following awards:

* 2010 – DCF Award for Best Book in “Corporate Strategy” for French edition of *The Momentum Effect* (Prix des Dirigeants Commerciaux de France)
* 2008 – *The Momentum Effect*, “4th Best Book of 2008,” Amazon USA, Business and Investing category
* 2005 – Winner, The European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) 2005 Case Writing Competition Category: Entrepreneurship for the 2005 INSEAD case “Arpège: Creative Dining in Paris"
* 2000 – "Overall European Case of the Year" Award for the First Direct: Branchless Banking case study, European Case Clearing House (ECCH)
* 1997 – "Best Case of the Year" Award for the First Direct case study in Relationship Marketing category, EFMD
* 1996 – "Overall European Case of the Year" Award for the Virgin Atlantic Airways case study, ECCH
* 1995 – Marketing Educator of the Year, Club 55, the European Community of Marketing Experts.
* 1995 – "Best Case of the Year" Award for the Virgin Atlantic Airways case study in Relationship Marketing category, EFMD

## Selected bibliography

### Selected books

* Jean-Claude Larreche (2023). *Value Capture Selling: How to Win the 3rd Sales Transformation*. Wiley. ISBN 978-1394158584
* Jean-Claude Larreche (2008). *The Momentum Effect: How to Ignite Exceptional Growth*. Wharton School Publishing. ISBN 978-0132363426
* Jean-Claude Larreche, John Mullins, Orville Walker, and Boyd Harper (2006). *Marketing Strategy: A Decision-Focused Approach*. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0072961904
* Jean-Claude Larreche (2001). *Measuring the Competitive Fitness of Global Firms*. Financial Times Press. ISBN 978-0273654346
* Jean-Claude Larreche and Hubert Gatignon (1977). *Markstrat: A Marketing Strategy Game*. The Scientific Press. ISBN 978-0894260100
* Jean-Claude Larreche (1972). *Le Basic: Une introduction à la programmation*. Editions Eyrolles

### Selected articles

* “Momentum strategy for efficient growth: when the sumo meets the surfer,” *International Commerce Review*, Autumn 2008, pages 22-34.
* “Momentum Strategy,” *Strategy*, No. 16, June 2008, pages 12-16.
* “Building Marketing Excellence,” with Mario Castaneda and Zohra Jan Mamod, *Pfeiffer Leadership Annual 2008*, Pfeiffer, 2008.
* “Momentum,” *World Business*, No. 14, October 2007, pages 12-18.
* “Beyond Strategy: Market-based Capabilities,” in *Business: The Ultimate Resource*, Cambridge USA: Perseus Publishing; London, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002, pages 87-88.
* “The Battlefield for 1992: Product Strength and Geographic Coverage,” with Robert Gogel, *European Management Journal*, Vol. 7, No. 2, June 1989, pages 132-140.
* “Europe's Key Marketing Issues for the '90s,” *International Advertiser*, Vol. 1, No. 2, May-June 1988, pages 20-23.
* “On Simulations in Business Education and Research,” *Journal of Business Research*, Vol. 15, No. 6, December 1987, pages 559-571.
* “Managerial Judgment in Marketing: The Concept of Expertise,” with Reza Moinpour, *Journal of Marketing Research*, Vol.20, May 1983, pages 101-121.
* “STRATPORT: A Model for the Evaluation and Formulation of Business Portfolio Strategies,” with V. Srinivasan, *Management Science*, Vol. 28, No. 9, September 1982, pages 979-1001.
* “STRATPORT: A Decision Support System for Strategic Planning,” with V. Srinivasan, *Journal of Marketing*, Vol. 45, No. 4, Fall 1981.
* “A Supportive Application of Management Science to Marketing Strategy Formulation,” with E.C. Strong, *Omega*, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1979, pages 207-218.
* “Integrative Complexity and the Implementation of Marketing Models,” in R. Doktor, R.L. Schultz, and D.P. Slevin, eds., *The Implementation of Management Sciences*, Special issue of *Management Science*, Vol. 13, 1979, pages 171-188.

* Laura Mazur and Louella Miles (2007). “Jean-Claude Larreche: Marketing Strategy Master.” *Conversations With Marketing Masters*. Wiley. Pages 45-61.
* Andrew Bergman, “Professor of Professionals,” *Horizon Magazine*, Heineken International, April 2007, pages 15-16.
* Laura Mazur, “Set the Pace,” *The Marketer*, March 2007, pages 15-19.
* Blair Campbell, “The Tao of Jean-Claude,” *Profit*, February 2002, pages 44-47.

## InfoBox

| Jean-Claude Larreche | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | St. Louis, Senegal |
| Alma mater | INSA Lyon
University of London
INSEAD
Stanford Graduate School of Business |
| Occupation(s) | Professor, entrepreneur, marketing consultant, author |
| Website | www.larreche.com |


title: Jean-Claude Lauzon

abstract: Jean-Claude Lauzon was a Canadian filmmaker and screenwriter. Born to a working class family in Montreal, Quebec, Lauzon dropped out of high school and worked various jobs before studying film at the Université du Québec à Montréal. His two feature-length films, Night Zoo (1987) and Léolo (1992), established him as one of the most important Canadian directors of his generation. American film critic Roger Ebert wrote that "Lauzon is so motivated by his resentments and desires that everything he creates is pressed into the cause and filled with passion." His film Léolo is widely considered to be one of the best Canadian films of all time. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival, and was included on Time's list of the 100 greatest films that were released between March 3, 1923—when the first issue of Time was published—and early 2005, when the list was compiled. Lauzon's career was cut short by his death in a plane crash in 1997 at the age of 43.

text:
# Jean-Claude Lauzon

**Jean-Claude Lauzon** (September 29, 1953 – August 10, 1997) was a Canadian filmmaker and screenwriter. Born to a working class family in Montreal, Quebec, Lauzon dropped out of high school and worked various jobs before studying film at the Université du Québec à Montréal. His two feature-length films, *Night Zoo* (1987) and *Léolo* (1992), established him as one of the most important Canadian directors of his generation. American film critic Roger Ebert wrote that "Lauzon is so motivated by his resentments and desires that everything he creates is pressed into the cause and filled with passion."

His film *Léolo* is widely considered to be one of the best Canadian films of all time. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival, and was included on *Time*'s list of the 100 greatest films that were released between March 3, 1923—when the first issue of *Time* was published—and early 2005, when the list was compiled.

Lauzon's career was cut short by his death in a plane crash in 1997 at the age of 43.

## Early life

Born to a working class family in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Lauzon worked a variety of odd jobs after dropping out of high school. He went on to study film at the Université du Québec à Montréal at the behest of Andre Petrowski, a member of the National Film Board of Canada.

## Career

While studying at the Université du Québec à Montréal, Lauzon began experimenting with 16mm film stock. His first short film, titled *Super Maire*, won the Norman McLaren Grand Prize at the Canadian Student Film Festival in 1979. His second short film, titled *Piwi*, which he started working on while spending time at the American Film Institute in Los Angeles, won the Jury Prize at the Montreal World Film Festival in 1981.

In 1983, Lauzon wrote the first draft for his debut feature, *Night Zoo*, but spent most of the 1980s directing television commercials in Quebec and earning his pilot's licence. He eventually directed the film, making his feature-length film debut, and the film premiered in the Director's Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival, where it was warmly received by most critics. *The Globe and Mail*’s Jay Scott wrote that “more than anything, *Zoo* is a movie of extremes; few films in the history of the cinema have wandered so successfully all over so much of the emotional map.” The film went on to win a record-breaking 13 Genie Awards in 1988, and won the Golden Reel Award for being the highest-grossing Canadian film of that year.

Lauzon achieved further success and acclaim with his second feature-length film, *Léolo*, which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. *Léolo* won three Genie Awards and was a box office success in Canada and across Europe, but failed to make much of an impact in the U.S. upon release. *Léolo* has been called one of the best Canadian films of all time by various media outlets. It was included on *Time*'s list of the 100 greatest films that were released between March 3, 1923—when the first issue of *Time* was published—and early 2005, when the list was compiled.

After the success of his first two films, Lauzon focused on directing commercials for television and spent most of his time in northern Quebec flying his Cessna 180 Skywagon, fishing, and hunting.

## Artistry

*Playback* wrote that Lauzon's films were "substantially autobiographical in nature". Collaborators described the director as "an extremely creative and intense personality for whom making films was painful." American film critic Roger Ebert wrote that "Lauzon is so motivated by his resentments and desires that everything he creates is pressed into the cause and filled with passion."

## Death

Lauzon was preparing his third feature-length film when he died, along with his girlfriend, Canadian actress Marie-Soleil Tougas, in a plane crash. On August 10, 1997, the Cessna 180 Skywagon that Lauzon was piloting flew into a mountainside in strong winds and rain near Kuujjuaq, Quebec while returning from a fishing trip. Lauzon was 43 years old when he died. He was buried in a private ceremony.

## Filmography

* *Super Maire* (1979), short film
* *Piwi* (1981), short film
* *Night Zoo* also known as *Un zoo la nuit* (1987), feature film
* *Léolo* (1992), feature film

## InfoBox

| Jean-Claude Lauzon | |
| --- | --- |
| Lauzon in the 1990s | |
| Born | (1953-09-29)September 29, 1953
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Died | August 10, 1997(1997-08-10) (aged 43)
Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Filmmaker, screenwriter |
| Years active | 1979–1997 |


title: Jean-Claude Langlade

abstract: Jean-Claude Langlade is a French former international rugby union player. Born in Clermont-Ferrand, Langlade was trained by AS Montferrand, a club he joined at age seven. He played his senior rugby with AS Montferrand, Stade Clermontois and RC Nîmes, playing mostly as a centre. Langlade won all three of his France caps in 1990, debuting against Romania at Auch. He appeared in the 1st Test against the Wallabies on France's tour of Australia and gained his final cap against the All Blacks at Nantes. A police officer by profession, Langlade is department head in the town of Issoire.

text:
# Jean-Claude Langlade

**Jean-Claude Langlade** (born 2 February 1963) is a French former international rugby union player.

Born in Clermont-Ferrand, Langlade was trained by AS Montferrand, a club he joined at age seven. He played his senior rugby with AS Montferrand, Stade Clermontois and RC Nîmes, playing mostly as a centre.

Langlade won all three of his France caps in 1990, debuting against Romania at Auch. He appeared in the 1st Test against the Wallabies on France's tour of Australia and gained his final cap against the All Blacks at Nantes.

A police officer by profession, Langlade is department head in the town of Issoire.

## InfoBox

Jean-Claude Langlade
| Date of birth | (1963-02-02) 2 February 1963 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Clermont-Ferrand, France |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) |
| Weight | 194 lb (88 kg) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Centre  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1990 France  3  (0) | |


title: Jean Cedeño

abstract: Jean Carlos Cedeño Preciado is a Panamanian footballer who currently plays for Árabe Unido.

text:
# Jean Cedeño

**Jean Carlos Cedeño Preciado** (born 7 September 1985) is a Panamanian footballer who currently plays for Árabe Unido.

## Club career

Cedeño played for Chorrillo before moving abroad to play alongside compatriots Alcibiades Rojas and Rolando Blackburn at Guatemalan side Juventud Retalteca. Back in Panama he played for Chorrillo and Alianza.

He joined Árabe Unido in January 2014.

## International career

He made his debut for Panama in a December 2010 friendly match against Honduras and has, as of May 2015, earned a total of 20 caps, scoring no goals. He represented his country in 4 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 2011 and 2013 Copa Centroamericana as well as at the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

## InfoBox

Jean Cedeño
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Jean Carlos Cedeño Preciado | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-09-07) 7 September 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Panama | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Santa Gema | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007–2010 | Chorrillo |  |  |
| 2010–2011 | Juventud Retalteca |  | (2) |
| 2011–2012 | Chorrillo |  |  |
| 2012–2013 | Alianza | 33 | (0) |
| 2014–2016 | Árabe Unido | 43 | (2) |
| 2016–2017 | Atlético Nacional | 24 | (1) |
| 2017 | Chorrillo | 5 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | Alianza | 16 | (0) |
| 2018– | Santa Gema | 3 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2010–2013 | Panama | 21 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 5 August 2019<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 7 June 2015 | | | |


title: Pernem railway station

abstract: Pernem railway station is a railway station in North Goa district of Goa state. It is part of the Konkan Railway, in the town of Pernem in the North Goa district of Goa State and is under Karwar railway division of Konkan Railway zone, a subsidiary zone of Indian Railways.

text:
# Pernem railway station

**Pernem railway station** (Station code: **PERN**) is a railway station in North Goa district of Goa state.

It is part of the Konkan Railway, in the town of Pernem in the North Goa district of Goa State and is under Karwar railway division of Konkan Railway zone, a subsidiary zone of Indian Railways.

## History

The 5,002 feet (1,525 m) Pernem Tunnel on the line was begun in 1992, but had a lengthy history of repeated tunnel collapses that held up completion of the entire line through Pernem until 1998. The chief engineer of the tunnel construction was later to characterize it as "a job from hell", with repeated floods caused by monsoon weather that could wash away months of work in a matter of hours. Nine workers died during the Pernem Tunnel construction alone, out of the 74 deaths across the entire Konkan Railway project.

A 5 metres (16 ft) section of the tunnel collapsed again in August 2020, and required 40 days work to restore service, reinforcing the tunnel with steel plates; all of which had to be done during the lockdown restrictions imposed to counter the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

On July 9, 2024 water was seen seeping into the tunnel at 14:35, leading to disruptions in the train services of Konkan Railways. The waterlogging caused was cleared and at 22:13, trains were allowed to pass through the tunnel at a speed of 5 Km/h. However, on the next day at 03:00, the issue reoccured. As of July 10, 2024 several trains have been cancelled or diverted and the tunnel has not yet been cleared.

## Structure

It is located at 18 metres (59 ft) above sea level and has two platforms. As of 2016, a single broad-gauge railway line exists at this station, and 14 trains stop at Pernem. The Goa Airport situated at Dabolim is at distance of 38 kilometres (24 mi) from this railway station.

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Pernem Railway Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Regional rail and Light rail station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Pernem, North Goa, Goa<br>India |
| Coordinates | 15°42′30″N 73°49′02″E / 15.7084°N 73.8173°E / 15.7084; 73.8173 |
| Elevation | 18 metres (59 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Operated by | Konkan Railway |
| Line(s) | Konkan Railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on-ground station) |
| Parking | Yes |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | PERN |
| Zone(s) | Konkan Railway |
| Division(s) | Karwar |
| Fare zone | Indian Railways |
| History | |
| Opened | 1997 (1997) |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Indian Railways Following station  Maduretowards Roha  Konkan RailwayKonkan Railway  Thivimtowards Thokur | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  PernemLocation within Goa | |


title: Petch Osathanugrah

abstract: Petch Osathanugrah was a Thai businessman and singer-songwriter.

text:
# Petch Osathanugrah

**Petch Osathanugrah** (Thai: เพชร โอสถานุเคราะห์; 21 August 1954 – 14 August 2023) was a Thai businessman and singer-songwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Bangkok, Osathanugrah graduated in marketing from Southern Illinois University, and then worked in the advertising sector of his family-owned beverage company Osotspa, of which he later become CEO. In 1987, he got a large success as a singer with the pop song "เพียงชายคนนี้ (ไม่ใช่ผู้วิเศษ)"/ "I'm just a man (Mai Chai Phoo Wiset)".

Osathanugrah also served as president of Bangkok University, where he opened the courses to new disciplines and innovative subject areas like digital marketing, financial and investment planning, video games and interactive media production, event management. During her career he also founded the advertising agency Spa Advertising (now Spa-Hakuhodo), established the women's magazine *น์ผู้หญิงวันนี้*  ('Women Today'), and created a television program with the same name.

An avid art collector whose collection includes paintings by Damien Hirst and Pablo Picasso, Osathanugrah founded the Dib Bangkok Museum of Contemporary Art, which is set to open in March 2025. Suffering from iron overload and diabetes, he died in his sleep on 14 August 2023, at the age of 68. At the time of his death, he was among the 30 richest people in Thailand.

## InfoBox

| Petch Osathanugrah | |
| --- | --- |
| เพชร โอสถานุเคราะห์ | |
|  | |
| Born | 21 August 1954 (1954-08-21)
Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand |
| Died | 14 August 2023 (2023-08-15) (aged 68)
Bangkok, Thailand |


title: Peristernia cremnochione

abstract: Peristernia cremnochione is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

text:
# Peristernia cremnochione

***Peristernia cremnochione*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Peristernia cremnochione* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Fasciolariidae |
| Genus: | *Peristernia* |
| Species: | ***P. cremnochione*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Peristernia cremnochione***<br>Melvill, 1891 | |
|


title: Peristernia columbarium

abstract: Peristernia columbarium is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

text:
# Peristernia columbarium

***Peristernia columbarium*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Peristernia columbarium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Fasciolariidae |
| Genus: | *Peristernia* |
| Species: | ***P. columbarium*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Peristernia columbarium***<br>(Gmelin, 1791) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Murex columbarium* Gmelin, 1791 | |


title: Peristernia decorata

abstract: Peristernia decorata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

text:
# Peristernia decorata

***Peristernia decorata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Peristernia decorata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Fasciolariidae |
| Genus: | *Peristernia* |
| Species: | ***P. decorata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Peristernia decorata***<br>(Adams, 1855) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Latirus decoratus* Adams, 1855 | |


title: Jazz Institute of Chicago

abstract: The Jazz Institute of Chicago is a non-profit arts presenting organization that produces jazz concerts and runs educational programs. It was founded in 1969 by a small band of jazz fans, writers, club owners, and musicians to preserve the historical roots of Chicago music and to ensure that the music would still be heard. Among the founding members were trad pianist Art Hodes, Muhal Richard Abrams, who a few years earlier had also co-founded the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), Harriet Choice, then music writer for the Chicago Tribune, Joe Segal, owner of The Jazz Showcase, Bob Koester, owner of Delmark Records, Don DeMicheal, drummer and editor of Down Beat magazine, Jim DeJong, who went on to serve briefly as the Institute's executive director and to serve almost fifty years on its board, and jazz promoter and supporter Penny Tyler. In 1979, the Institute began programming the Chicago Jazz Festival for the City of Chicago's Department of Special Affairs and Cultural events. This was commemorated through multiple events as a 50th anniversary celebration in 2019. Also in 2019, Heather Ireland Robinson, the executive director of the Institute was named a 2019 Chicagoan of the Year.

text:
# Jazz Institute of Chicago

The **Jazz Institute of Chicago** is a non-profit arts presenting organization that produces jazz concerts and runs educational programs. It was founded in 1969 by a small band of jazz fans, writers, club owners, and musicians to preserve the historical roots of Chicago music and to ensure that the music would still be heard.

Among the founding members were trad pianist Art Hodes, Muhal Richard Abrams, who a few years earlier had also co-founded the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), Harriet Choice, then music writer for the *Chicago Tribune*, Joe Segal, owner of The Jazz Showcase, Bob Koester, owner of Delmark Records, Don DeMicheal, drummer and editor of *Down Beat* magazine, Jim DeJong, who went on to serve briefly as the Institute's executive director and to serve almost fifty years on its board, and jazz promoter and supporter Penny Tyler.

In 1979, the Institute began programming the Chicago Jazz Festival for the City of Chicago's Department of Special Affairs and Cultural events. This was commemorated through multiple events as a 50th anniversary celebration in 2019. Also in 2019, Heather Ireland Robinson, the executive director of the Institute was named a 2019 Chicagoan of the Year.


title: Pernankila

abstract: Pernankila is a village near Hiryadka of Udupi taluk in Udupi district. It is a mid-sized village located in Udupi district in the state of Karnataka in India. It had a population of about 2147 persons living in around 427 households according to 2001 census.

text:
# Pernankila

**Pernankila** (also **Peranankila**) is a village near Hiryadka of Udupi taluk in Udupi district. It is a mid-sized village located in Udupi district in the state of Karnataka in India. It had a population of about 2147 persons living in around 427 households according to 2001 census.

## Climate

The climate in Pernankila is hot in summers and mild in winter. During summers(from March to May) the temperature reaches up to 35 °C and in winters (from December to February) it is usually between 32 °C and 20 °C. The Monsoon period is from June to September with one of the rainfall averaging more than 4000mm every year and heavy winds.

| Climate data for Peranankila | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.8
(91.0) | 33
(91) | 33.5
(92.3) | 34
(93) | 33.3
(91.9) | 29.7
(85.5) | 28.2
(82.8) | 28.4
(83.1) | 29.5
(85.1) | 30.9
(87.6) | 32.3
(90.1) | 32.8
(91.0) | 31.5
(88.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.8
(69.4) | 21.8
(71.2) | 23.6
(74.5) | 25
(77) | 25.1
(77.2) | 23.4
(74.1) | 22.9
(73.2) | 23
(73) | 23.1
(73.6) | 23.1
(73.6) | 22.4
(72.3) | 21.2
(70.2) | 23.0
(73.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.1
(0.04) | 0.2
(0.01) | 2.9
(0.11) | 24.4
(0.96) | 183.2
(7.21) | 1,177.2
(46.35) | 1,350.4
(53.17) | 787.3
(31.00) | 292.1
(11.50) | 190.8
(7.51) | 70.9
(2.79) | 16.4
(0.65) | 4,096.9
(161.30) |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Pernankila Peranankila | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Pernankila Temple | |
| PernankilaLocation in Karnataka, IndiaPernankilaPernankila (India) | |
| Coordinates: 13°17′51″N 74°50′35″E / 13.29750°N 74.84306°E / 13.29750; 74.84306 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Udupi |
| Languages | |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 576113 |
| Nearest city/town | Manipal, Hiriyadka |
| Website | pernankila.com |


title: Persoonia rufiflora

abstract: Persoonia rufiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, sometimes spreading shrub with hairy young branchlets, lance-shaped to linear leaves, and hairy, greenish yellow flowers arranged singly or in pairs.

text:
# Persoonia rufiflora

***Persoonia rufiflora*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, sometimes spreading shrub with hairy young branchlets, lance-shaped to linear leaves, and hairy, greenish yellow flowers arranged singly or in pairs.

## Description

*Persoonia rufiflora* is an erect, sometimes spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.5–2.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 8 ft 2 in) with young branchlets that are covered with greyish to rust-coloured hair. The leaves are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, to linear, 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) long and 0.7–8 mm (0.028–0.315 in) wide with three ridges on the upper surface. The flowers are arranged singly or in pairs, with a scale leaf at the base. The tepals are greenish yellow, 6.5–10 mm (0.26–0.39 in) long, hairy on the outside, and the anthers are white. Flowering occurs from June to September and the fruit is a smooth, kidney-shaped to oval drupe about 6 mm (0.24 in) long and 2 mm (0.079 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

*Persoonia rufiflora* was first formally described in 1855 by Carl Meissner in Hooker's *Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany* from specimens collected by James Drummond.

## Distribution and habitat

This geebung grows in heath and mallee woodland between Kalbarri National Park and the Mogumber area in the south-west of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

*Persoonia rufiflora* is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## InfoBox

| *Persoonia rufiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | *Persoonia* |
| Species: | ***P. rufiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Persoonia rufiflora***<br>Meisn. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Linkia rufiflora* (Meisn.) Kuntze * *Linkia scabrella* (Meisn.) Kuntze * *Persoonia scabrella* Meisn. | |


title: Jean Trent

abstract: Jean Trent was an American film actress and the wife of actor Ray Montgomery. She is best known for her roles in Western Mail (1942) and Salome, Where She Danced (1945). She was referred as a "beautiful Universal starlet."

text:
# Jean Trent

**Jean Trent** (September 20, 1920  April 10, 2005) was an American film actress and the wife of actor Ray Montgomery. She is best known for her roles in *Western Mail* (1942) and *Salome, Where She Danced* (1945). She was referred as a "beautiful Universal starlet."

## Personal life and death

Trent was married to actor Ray Montgomery. She died in 2005 at the age of 84 in California and was buried in Hillcrest Memorial Park, Kern County, California.

## Selected Filmography

## InfoBox

| Jean Trent | |
| --- | --- |
| Trent in *Western Mail* (1942) | |
| Born | (1920-09-20)September 20, 1920
Denver, Colorado, U.S. |
| Died | April 10, 2005(2005-04-10) (aged 84)
Bakerfield, Kern County, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Hillcrest Memorial Park, Kern County, California |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 19421946 |
| Spouse | Ray Montgomery (m. 1959) |


title: Jean Liebault

abstract: Jean Liébault was a doctor and agronomist, born in Dijon. He married Nicole Estienne, who published several writings about marriage, in which she condemned domestic violence and a large age difference between spouses. His father-in-law was Charles Estienne, author of the Praedieum rusticum. Liébault substantially altered and extended Estienne's book, resulting in a French text La Maison Rustique. He translated or authored the medical textbook Trois Livres appartenans aux infirmitez et maladies des femmes.

text:
# Jean Liebault

**Jean Liébault** (1535 – 21 June 1596) was a doctor and agronomist, born in Dijon.

He married Nicole Estienne, who published several writings about marriage, in which she condemned domestic violence and a large age difference between spouses. His father-in-law was Charles Estienne, author of the *Praedieum rusticum*. Liébault substantially altered and extended Estienne's book, resulting in a French text *La Maison Rustique* (first translated into English by Richard Surflet as "The Countrey Farme" in 1600, with an expanded edition published in 1616). He translated or authored the medical textbook *Trois Livres appartenans aux infirmitez et maladies des femmes*.

## Bibliography

* Louis-Gabriel Michaud, *Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne : histoire par ordre alphabétique de la vie publique et privée de tous les hommes avec la collaboration de plus de 300 savants et littérateurs français ou étrangers*, 2e édition, 1843-1865 \[détail édition\]
* Antonio Saltini, Storia delle scienze agrarie, t.I Dalle origini al Rinascimento, Edagricole, Bologna 1984, pp. 257–269


title: Peter Allan (landlord)

abstract: Peter Allan was an English recluse and eccentric who carved rocks in the Marsden Bay at Marsden, South Shields into a house.

text:
# Peter Allan (landlord)

**Peter Allan** (6 September 1799 – 31 August 1849) was an English recluse and eccentric who carved rocks in the Marsden Bay at Marsden, South Shields into a house.

## Early life

Born to Peter Allan, a shoemaker in Gladsmuir and Jane Renny, who was the daughter of Archibald Kenley of Tranent, Allan was initially a valet to Williams Williamson and a gamekeeper for the Marquess of Londonderry. He later ran a tavern in the village Whitburn on the Durham coast.

## Marsden

After becoming infatuated with and working at the quarries near his property, he decided to turn a limestone cliff in the Marsden Grotto in the Marsden Bay into an actual house. He carved out fifteen rooms which connected to a farmhouse and tavern (*The Grotto*) on the cliff above.

He mostly remained with his wife and children in the rock and did not often visit the surrounding towns. He also saved a number of boats offshore and a group of children from drowning. In 1848 the lord of the manor attempted to eject him based on his ownership of the above land. Allan successfully defended his right to live at the spot in a lawsuit, but died on 31 August 1849, perhaps affected by the stress. The structure, which became a sort of public attraction, was obliterated by a collapse of the cliff in February 1865. *The Grotto* remains, connected to a hotel.

## Controversy

Although the history has some documentary backing, some insist that the story is exaggerated. Alan Robinson wrote a book in the 1970s denying the notion that Allan was a hermit.

* Grotto \- pictures and history of the Allan, the pub, and the area
* Mysteries 1 \- Mysteries of the Grotto

* Sidney Lee, ‘Allan, Peter (1799-1849)’, rev. H. C. G. Matthew, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Allan, Peter (1798-1849)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: Peter Aliphas

abstract: Peter Aliphas was an 11th-century Frankish knight who served first under Robert Guiscard and later under the Byzantine Empire.

text:
# Peter Aliphas

**Peter Aliphas** was an 11th-century Frankish knight who served first under Robert Guiscard and later under the Byzantine Empire.

## Biography

Peter Aliphas is typically identified with the Provençal knight Peter of Aulps although some consider him to be related to Robert of Caiazzo who was also lord of Alife in Southern Italy.

Peter took part in Robert Guiscard's invasion of the Balkan against the Byzantine Empire in 1081. He was the second-in-command to the Count of Brienne who had been assigned to hold the town of Kastoria. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos besieged the town in October 1083 and after storming the gates the Count of Brienne surrendered and Peter among many others entered Byzantine services. Alexios' daughter Anna Komnene later described him as "a glorious warrior in battle and faithful to the emperor".

Peter accompanied the army of the First Crusade during its campaign in Anatolia in the Byzantine contingent of general Tatikios and became governor of Placentia. He left his post in 1098 and met Emperor Alexios together with Stephen of Blois in Philomelium, warning him that a huge army of Turks was approaching, thus making Alexios turn away from relieving the Franks at the siege of Antioch. Peter appeared again in the Balkans in 1107 when he assisted emperor Alexios fighting the invasion of Bohemond of Antioch and was a witness for Alexios to the Treaty of Devol. Peter settled finally in Didymoteichon in Thrace.

## Legacy

The descendants of Peter Aliphas became the Petraliphas family, a prominent family in later Byzantine history.

## InfoBox

| Peter of Aliphas | |
| --- | --- |
| House | Petraliphas |
| Religion | Christianity |


title: Jean-Nicolas Duval

abstract: Jean-Nicolas Duval is a Canadian former athlete who competed in the middle and long-distance running events. A Quebec native, Duval was a McGill University varsity athlete. Duval won the 5,000 m, 10,000 m and 3,000 m steeplechase at the Canada Games in 1997. He was the steeplechase silver medalist at the 1997 Jeux de la Francophonie. In 1999, Duval claimed a Pan American Games bronze medal in steeplechase, won by his countryman Joël Bourgeois.

text:
# Jean-Nicolas Duval

**Jean-Nicolas Duval** (born September 16, 1974) is a Canadian former athlete who competed in the middle and long-distance running events.

A Quebec native, Duval was a McGill University varsity athlete.

Duval won the 5,000 m, 10,000 m and 3,000 m steeplechase at the Canada Games in 1997. He was the steeplechase silver medalist at the 1997 Jeux de la Francophonie. In 1999, Duval claimed a Pan American Games bronze medal in steeplechase, won by his countryman Joël Bourgeois.

## InfoBox

Jean-Nicolas Duval
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1974-09-16) September 16, 1974 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Running |
| Medal record      Representing  Canada  Pan American Games  1999 Winnipeg 3000 m steeplechase  Representing  Quebec  Jeux de la Francophonie  1997 Antananarivo 3000 m steeplechase | |


title: Peter Barry (poet)

abstract: Peter Thomas Barry FEA, FLSW is a British writer and academic.

text:
# Peter Barry (poet)

**Peter Thomas Barry** FEA, FLSW (born 1947) is a British writer and academic.

## Background

Peter Barry was born and raised in Liverpool and educated in Catholic grammar schools and at Upholland College in Lancashire. He studied English at King's College, London (1967–70) and American Studies (part-time) at London University's Institute of United States Studies (1970–72), where he was taught by Howell Daniels and Eric Mottram. He published a reminiscence of his London years in Robert Hampson and Ken Edwards (eds), *Clasp: late modernist poetry in London in the 1970s*. His two main academic appointments were at LSU College of Higher Education, Southampton (later Southampton University New College), as Lecturer, then Senior Lecturer in English (1980–95), and at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth (now Aberystwyth University). Here he was appointed as Senior Lecturer, and subsequently promoted to Reader and Professor of English. He is currently Emeritus Professor of English (1995–Present).

He was the editor of *English* (the journal of the English Association for twenty years and was elected a Fellow of the English Association. In 2017, he was elected as a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales (*Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru*).

## Work

Barry's fields of academic specialism are contemporary poetry and literary theory. During the 1970s, he co-edited the poetry magazine *Alembic* (with Ken Edwards and Robert Gavin Hampson. Barry subsequently went on to set up his own magazine, *Windows*, which he co-edited from 1977 to 1981.

His first book, which grew out of this editorial experience, was *The New British Poetries: the scope of the possible* (Manchester University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-7190-3485-X), which he co-edited with Robert Gavin Hampson. He subsequently published *Contemporary British poetry and the city* (Manchester University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-7190-5594-6). This literary critical study of contemporary poets writing about the city was followed by *Poetry Wars: British poetry of the 1970s and the Battle of Earls Court* (Salt, 2006, ISBN 1-844712-47-8), an archive-based account of events in the Poetry Society in the 1970s. *Poetry Wars* received a positive review from Matthew Francis in the leading poetry journal *PN Review*.

Barry returned to poetry and the city in a series of essays. These include his contributions to *Gladsongs and Gatherings: Poetry in its Social Context in Liverpool since the 1960s* (ed. Stephen Wade, Liverpool University Press, 2001) and *Writing Liverpool: Essays and Interviews* (ed. Michael Murphy and Deryn Rees-Jones, Liverpool University Press, 2007), as well as 'London in Twentieth-Century Poetry' in *The Cambridge Companion to London in English Literature* (ed. Lawrence Manley, Cambridge University Press, 2011); 'Poetry and the City' in *The Cambridge Companion to British Poetry, 1945-2010* (ed. Ed Larissy, Cambridge University Press, 2015); and 'Mapping the Geographies of Hurt in Barry MacSweeney and S. J. Litherland' in *Poetry and Geography: Space and Place in Post-War Poetry* (ed. David Cooper and Neal Alexander, Liverpool University Press, 2017).

At the same time, Barry was also publishing on literary theory. His first book in this field was *Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory* (Manchester University Press, 1995). This work has now gone through three editions and sold over 300,000 copies. According to Professor Steven Regan, *Beginning Theory* has had 'a vital role in shaping the way that theory is taught in Britain and North America'. In 2015, as part of Oxford University Press's celebration of University Press Week, Barry was asked to provide an account of the genesis and rationale of what was described as a 'ground-breaking and critically acclaimed undergraduate textbook'.

This orientation towards pedagogy was further evidenced in his next three books, *English in Practice: In Pursuit of English Studies* (Bloomsbury, 2003), *Literature in Contexts* (Manchester University Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-7190-6455-5) and *Reading Poetry* (Manchester University Press, 2013), while he returned to literary theory with *Extending Ecocriticism: Crisis Collaboration and Challenges in the Environmental Humanities* (Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-78499-439-6), which he co-edited with William Wellstead.

Barry has also pursued these interests in literary theory, pedagogy and English studies through his editorials in *English* over twenty years and articles in journals like the *THE* and *PN Review*.

### Poetry

Barry is also a published poet. He published his first pamphlet *Bretton Days* (Share) in the early 1970s, when he was one of the editors of *Alembic* with Ken Edwards and Robert Gavin Hampson. He was also one of the featured poets in *Mugshots*, the series produced by Mike Dobbie and Ulli McCarthy (1976–77). Over the past few years, he has published poetry in *Poetry Wales*, *New Welsh Review* and *Stand*, and a sequence of twelve poems about life at Upholland was included in the anthology *Kaleidoscope* from Cinnamon Press in 2011.

### Scholarship

In 2013, he was the Principal Investigator for the three-year Leverhulme-funded project, *Devolved Voices*, on English-language poetry written in Wales since Welsh Devolution in 1997.


title: Valsonne

abstract: Valsonne is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

text:
# Valsonne

**Valsonne** (French pronunciation: \[valsɔn\]) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

## Demography

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 505 |  |
| 1975 | 449 | −1.67% |
| 1982 | 510 | +1.84% |
| 1990 | 600 | +2.05% |
| 1999 | 714 | +1.95% |
| 2009 | 836 | +1.59% |
| 2014 | 891 | +1.28% |
| 2020 | 973 | +1.48% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Valsonne | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| View of Valsonne | |
| Location of Valsonne | |
| ValsonneValsonne | |
| Coordinates: 45°56′50″N 4°25′50″E / 45.9472°N 4.4306°E / 45.9472; 4.4306 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Rhône |
| Arrondissement | Villefranche-sur-Saône |
| Canton | Tarare |
| Intercommunality | CA de l'Ouest Rhodanien |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Patrick Bourrassaut |
| Area**1** | 18.25 km2 (7.05 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 983 |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 69254 /69170 |
| Elevation | 413–866 m (1,355–2,841 ft)
(avg. 460 m or 1,510 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Juazeiro Social Clube

abstract: Juazeiro Social Clube, usually known as Juazeiro is a Brazilian football club from Juazeiro, Bahia state.

text:
# Juazeiro Social Clube

**Juazeiro Social Clube**, usually known as **Juazeiro** is a Brazilian football club from Juazeiro, Bahia state.

## History

On August 16, 1995, Juazeiro Social Clube was founded as a professional club after eight amateur clubs, América, Barro Vermelho, Carranca, Colonial, Grêmio, Olaria, XV de Novembro and Veneza, merged.

In 1996, Juazeiro won its first title, which was the Campeonato Baiano Second Level.

In 2001, the club finished as Bahia State Championship runner-up, after being defeated by Bahia in the final.

## Honours

## Stadium

Juazeiro's stadium is Estádio Adauto Morais, with a maximum capacity of 12,000 people.

## InfoBox

Juazeiro
| Full name | Juazeiro Social Clube |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | *Tricolor das Carrancas*
*Carranca*
*Tricolor do Norte* |
| Founded | August 16, 1995 |
| Ground | Adauto Morais |
| Capacity | 12,000 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Everything's Gone Green (film)

abstract: Everything's Gone Green is a 2006 Canadian comedy film directed by Paul Fox and written by Douglas Coupland. It was produced by Elizabeth Yake, True West Films and Chris Nanos, Radke Films. Originally acquired for distribution in Canada by ThinkFilm, with Shoreline Entertainment handling international sales, Equinoxe Films later acquired Canadian distribution rights after ThinkFilm's sale to Capitol Films led to the closure of its Canadian distribution services. The film won the award for Best Canadian Feature Film at the 2006 Vancouver International Film Festival.

text:
# Everything's Gone Green (film)

***Everything's Gone Green*** is a 2006 Canadian comedy film directed by Paul Fox and written by Douglas Coupland. It was produced by Elizabeth Yake, True West Films and Chris Nanos, Radke Films. Originally acquired for distribution in Canada by ThinkFilm, with Shoreline Entertainment handling international sales, Equinoxe Films later acquired Canadian distribution rights after ThinkFilm's sale to Capitol Films led to the closure of its Canadian distribution services. The film won the award for Best Canadian Feature Film at the 2006 Vancouver International Film Festival.

## Plot

Ryan, a good-natured slacker in his twenties, is dumped by his girlfriend and kicked out of their apartment, and, on arriving late to work, is suspended (pending psychological tests) from his job at an anonymous IT corporation. On receiving a phone call from his family saying they have won the jackpot of 4.3 million dollars on the BC lottery, he trashes his office space, and resigns. Unfortunately, when he calls the lottery "Win Line" he discovers they haven't actually won anything. By happy accident, Ryan is offered a job with the lottery bureau interviewing and photographing lottery winners. En route to the job interview he stops to see a beached whale and meets Ming, a set designer in a relationship with golf-course designer and scam artist Bryce.

Ryan is enticed by Bryce into participating in a lucrative money-laundering scheme involving new lottery winners, and after the euphoria of new-found wealth wears off is forced to choose between working with Bryce and winning over an increasingly sceptical Ming. Additional complications arise when Ryan discovers that his parents are operating a marijuana grow-op in the family basement, and when he re-visits lottery winners to discover that they are often worse off than they were before winning.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

A soundtrack album was released on CD by Lakeshore Records in 2007, titled *Everything's Gone Green: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack*. The Meligrove Band appeared on MTV Live to promote its release.

### Songs

1. No Satisfaction - Black Mountain
2. Hangover Days - Jason Collett
3. Birdsong - The Golden Dogs
4. The CN Tower Belongs to the Dead - Final Fantasy
5. Fire - Jason Collett
6. Everything You've Done Wrong \- Sloan
7. Little Saddy - Andre Ethier
8. Break You - Hawaii
9. Violet Light - Raised by Swans
10. Skunks - Caribou
11. 97 and 02 - Circlesquare
12. I Gotta Plan (for Saturday Night) - The Deadly Snakes
13. Monkey Mask - The Meligrove Band
14. Small Town Murder Scene - The Fembots

1. "Equinoxe saves Everything's Gone Green from THINKFilm limbo". *Screen International*. 6 March 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
2. Alexandra Gill, "VIFF winners". *The Globe and Mail*, October 14, 2006.

## InfoBox

| Everything's Gone Green | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster for *Everything's Gone Green* | |
| Directed by | Paul Fox |
| Written by | Douglas Coupland |
| Produced by | Henrik Meyer, Chris Nanos & Elizabeth Yake |
| Starring | Paulo Costanzo
Steph Song
JR Bourne |
| Cinematography | David Frazee |
| Edited by | Gareth C. Scales |
| Distributed by | Equinoxe Films |
| Release dates | * September 10, 2006 (2006-09-10) (Toronto International Film Festival) * April 20, 2007 (2007-04-20) (Canada) |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |


title: Gmina Pyrzyce

abstract: Gmina Pyrzyce is an urban-rural gmina in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Pyrzyce, which lies approximately 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The gmina covers an area of 204.40 square kilometres (78.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,515.

text:
# Gmina Pyrzyce

**Gmina Pyrzyce** is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Pyrzyce, which lies approximately 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 204.40 square kilometres (78.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,515 (out of which the population of Pyrzyce amounts to 12,642, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,873).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Pyrzyce, Gmina Pyrzyce contains the villages and settlements of Brzesko, Brzezin, Czernice, Giżyn, Górne, Krzemlin, Krzemlinek, Letnin, Mechowo, Mielęcin, Młyny, Nieborowo, Nowielin, Obromino, Okunica, Ostrowica, Pstrowice, Ryszewko, Ryszewo, Rzepnowo, Stróżewo, Turze and Żabów.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Pyrzyce is bordered by the gminas of Banie, Bielice, Kozielice, Lipiany, Myślibórz, Przelewice, Stare Czarnowo and Warnice.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Pyrzyce Pyrzyce Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Pyrzyce): 53°8′N 14°53′E / 53.133°N 14.883°E / 53.133; 14.883 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Pyrzyce |
| Seat | Pyrzyce |
| Area | |
| Total | 204.40 km2 (78.92 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 19,515 |
| Density | 95/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| Urban | 12,642 |
| Rural | 6,873 |
| Website | http://www.pyrzyce.um.gov.pl/ |


title: Gmina Pszczółki

abstract: Gmina Pszczółki is a rural gmina in Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pszczółki, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Pruszcz Gdański and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. The gmina covers an area of 49.84 square kilometres (19.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,912.

text:
# Gmina Pszczółki

**Gmina Pszczółki** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pszczółki, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Pruszcz Gdański and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 49.84 square kilometres (19.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,912.

## Villages

Gmina Pszczółki contains the villages and settlements of Kleszczewko, Kolnik, Ostrowite, Pszczółki, Rębielcz, Różyny, Skowarcz, Skowarcz-Kolonia, Ulkowy and Żelisławki.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Pszczółki is bordered by the gminas of Pruszcz Gdański, Suchy Dąb, Tczew and Trąbki Wielkie.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Pszczółki Pszczółki Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Pszczółki): 54°10′21″N 18°41′53″E / 54.17250°N 18.69806°E / 54.17250; 18.69806 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Gdańsk |
| Seat | Pszczółki |
| Area | |
| Total | 49.84 km2 (19.24 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 7,912 |
| Density | 160/km2 (410/sq mi) |
| Website | http://www.pszczolki.pl |


title: Gmina Puchaczów

abstract: Gmina Puchaczów is a rural gmina in Łęczna County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Puchaczów, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Łęczna and 29 km (18 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin. The gmina covers an area of 91.70 square kilometres (35.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,887. The gmina contains part of the protected area called Łęczna Lake District Landscape Park.

text:
# Gmina Puchaczów

**Gmina Puchaczów** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łęczna County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Puchaczów, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Łęczna and 29 km (18 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 91.70 square kilometres (35.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,887 (5,513 in 2015).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Łęczna Lake District Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Puchaczów contains the villages and settlements of Albertów, Bogdanka, Brzeziny, Ciechanki, Ciechanki-Kolonia, Jasieniec, Nadrybie Ukazowe, Nadrybie-Dwór, Nadrybie-Wieś, Ostrówek, Puchaczów, Stara Wieś, Szpica, Turowola, Turowola-Kolonia, Wesołówka and Zawadów.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Puchaczów is bordered by the gminas of Cyców, Łęczna, Ludwin, Milejów and Siedliszcze.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Puchaczów Puchaczów Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Puchaczów): 51°18′N 22°58′E / 51.300°N 22.967°E / 51.300; 22.967 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Łęczna |
| Seat | Puchaczów |
| Area | |
| Total | 91.70 km2 (35.41 sq mi) |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 5,513 |
| Density | 60/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Website | http://www.puchaczow.lubelskie.pl/ |


title: PM Yoga Awards

abstract: PM Yoga Awards, officially named as PM's Awards for Outstanding Contribution for Promotion and Development of Yoga are the annual awards by Prime Minister of India for recognizing contribution in promotion and development of Yoga. The institution of the award was announced by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the occasion of the Second International Day of Yoga at Chandigarh on 21 June 2016.

text:
# PM Yoga Awards

**PM Yoga Awards**, officially named as **PM's Awards for Outstanding Contribution for Promotion and Development of Yoga** are the annual awards by Prime Minister of India for recognizing contribution in promotion and development of Yoga. The institution of the award was announced by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the occasion of the Second International Day of Yoga at Chandigarh on 21 June 2016.

## The Award

Award includes Trophy, Certificate and Cash Prize of 2.5 Million each.It has four categories:

* Individual (National)
* Individual (International)
* Organisation (National)
* Organisation (International)

## List of Award Winners

| Year | Individual (National) | Individual (International) | Organisation (National) | Organisation (International) | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 |  |  | *Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute*, Pune |  |  |
| 2018 | Vishwas Vasant Mandlik |  | The Yoga Institute, Mumbai |  |  |
| 2019 | Swami Rajarshi Muni
(*Life Mission*, Gujarat) | Antonietta Rozzi
(Italy) | *Bihar School of Yoga*, Munger
(Bihar) | *Japan Yoga Niketan*
(Japan) |  |

## Selection Process

The guidelines for awards were developed by AYUSH Ministry and Nominations for awards are invited through open advertisement. Two committees are constituted to evaluate the nominations - *Screening Committee* (for preliminary evaluation) and *Evaluation Committee* (Jury).

## InfoBox

| PM Yoga Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Promotion and Development of Yoga |
| Country | India |
| Presented by | Prime Minister of India |
| Reward(s) | Trophy, Certificate and 25 lakhs |
| First awarded | 2017 |
| Last awarded | 2019 |


title: Oxylamia methneri

abstract: Oxylamia basilewskyi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1975. It is known from Tanzania.

text:
# Oxylamia methneri

***Oxylamia basilewskyi*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1975. It is known from Tanzania.

## InfoBox

| Oxylamia methneri | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Oxylamia*** |
| Species: | ***O. basilewskyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxylamia basilewskyi***<br>Breuning, 1975 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oxylamia basilewskyi* Breuning, 1975 | |


title: Gnoma vittaticollis

abstract: Gnoma vittaticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1923. It is known from Borneo and the Philippines.

text:
# Gnoma vittaticollis

***Gnoma vittaticollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1923. It is known from Borneo and the Philippines.

## InfoBox

| *Gnoma vittaticollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | *Gnoma* |
| Species: | ***G. vittaticollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gnoma vittaticollis***<br>Aurivillius, 1923 | |
|


title: Gnoma suturalis

abstract: Gnoma suturalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John O. Westwood in 1832. It is known from Australia and the Philippines.

text:
# Gnoma suturalis

***Gnoma suturalis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John O. Westwood in 1832. It is known from Australia and the Philippines.

## InfoBox

| *Gnoma suturalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | *Gnoma* |
| Species: | ***G. suturalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gnoma suturalis***<br>Westwood, 1832 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Gnoma insulana* Schwarzer, 1926 | |


title: PARC Management

abstract: PARC Management, LLC is an operations company based in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. which operates a Go-Cart Family Entertainment Center, in Sevierville, Tennessee.

text:
# PARC Management

**PARC Management, LLC** is an operations company based in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. which operates a Go-Cart Family Entertainment Center, in Sevierville, Tennessee.

## Purchased parks

| **Park** | **Location** | **Year Opened** | **Year Acquired** | **Former Owner(s)/Operator** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Darien Lake Splashdown at Darien Lake | Darien, New York | 1954 | 2007 | Funtime Parks (1983–1995)
Premier Parks/Six Flags (1995–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007
Includes hotel, campgrounds, and Performing Arts Center. |
| Elitch Gardens | Denver | 1890 | 2007 | Premier Parks/Six Flags (1996–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007 |
| Frontier City | Oklahoma City | 1958 | 2007 | Premier Parks/Six Flags (1982–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007 |
| Magic Springs and Crystal Falls | Hot Springs, Arkansas | 1978 | 2008 | Theme Parks, LLC |  |
| SplashTown Houston | Houston, Texas | 1984 | 2007 | Premier Parks/Six Flags (1999–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007 |
| Waterworld California | Concord, California | 1995 | 2007 | Premier Parks/Six Flags (1995–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007 |
| White Water Bay | Oklahoma City | 1981 | 2007 | Premier Parks/Six Flags (1991–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007 |
| Wild Waves Theme Park | Federal Way, Washington | 1977 | 2007 | Jeff Stock (privately owned) (1980's-2000)
Six Flags (2000–2007) | Purchased from Six Flags Inc. in 2007 |
| Myrtle Waves Water Park | Myrtle Beach, South Carolina |  | 2008 | Burroughs & Chapin (1997–2008) |  |
| Pavilion Nostalgia Park & Carousel Park | Myrtle Beach, South Carolina |  | 2008 | Burroughs & Chapin | Located at Broadway at the Beach |
| NASCAR SpeedPark | Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | 1999 | 2008 | Burroughs & Chapin | Closed; Renamed "Broadway Grand Prix" |
| NASCAR SpeedPark | Hazelwood, Missouri | 2003 | 2008 | Burroughs & Chapin | Closed in 2014; Located at the former St. Louis Outlet Mall. St. Louis Outlet Mall closed in June 2019 and will be redeveloped into a sports complex. |
| NASCAR SpeedPark | Sevierville, Tennessee | 1999 | 2008 | Burroughs & Chapin | Only remaining NASCAR SpeedPark location as of 2021. |

Former 10 Family Entertainment Centers around the US and Canada:

* Camelot Park Bakersfield, California
* Fiddlesticks Tempe, Arizona
* Funtasticks Tucson, Arizona
* Mountasia North Richland Hills, Texas
* NASCAR SpeedPark Vaughan, Ontario
* NASCAR SpeedPark Hazelwood, Missouri
* NASCAR SpeedPark Concord, North Carolina
* NASCAR SpeedPark Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
* Zuma Fun Center Charlotte, North Carolina
* Zuma Fun Center Knoxville, Tennessee
* Zuma Fun Center North Houston, Texas
* Zuma Fun Center South Houston, Texas

## InfoBox

PARC Management
| Company type | LLC |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Amusement park owner and operator |
| Headquarters | Jacksonville, Florida, United States |
| Number of locations | 1 |
| Key people | Randal Drew Chairman & CEO |
| Website | http://www.parcmanagement.com |


title: Oxymeris caledonica

abstract: Oxymeris caledonica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

text:
# Oxymeris caledonica

***Oxymeris caledonica*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

## Description

The shell size varies between 40 mm and 75 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs along New Caledonia.

* Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). *Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world*. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
* Terryn Y. (2007). *Terebridae: A Collectors Guide*. Conchbooks & NaturalArt. 59pp + plates.

## InfoBox

| *Oxymeris caledonica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Terebridae |
| Genus: | *Oxymeris* |
| Species: | ***O. caledonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxymeris caledonica***<br>(G.B. Sowerby III, 1909) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acus caledonicus* (G.B. Sowerby III, 1909) * *Terebra caledonica* G.B. Sowerby III, 1909 | |