title: Video on Trial season 1

abstract: The first season of the Canadian television comedy series Video on Trial premiered on MuchMusic on August 15, 2005 and concluded on August 6, 2006. It consists of 37 episodes.

text:
# Video on Trial season 1

The first season of the Canadian television comedy series *Video on Trial* premiered on MuchMusic on August 15, 2005 and concluded on August 6, 2006. It consists of 37 episodes.

## Background

*Video on Trial* features music videos being humorously critiqued in a manner akin to a courtroom trial. The show's tongue-in-cheek manifesto, as announced in its original opening sequence, is seeing to it that "all music videos are brought to justice". A typical half-hour episode features five music videos being "tried" by a panel of five personalities acting as jurors.

## Production

In this season, each episode commences with a roll call of the jury and a reading of the docket of accused music videos, with the remainder of the episode being dedicated to the trials for each video. The specific charges leveled at a video are announced at the beginning of its trial, and a final verdict for the artist of the video is presented at the conclusion of the episode. This general format would for the most part be followed by the series until midway through its fifth season.

An hour-long special entitled *Stars on Trial* aired on MuchMusic in December 2005, concurrently with *Video on Trial*'s first season. Following the same premise as *Video on Trial*, *Stars on Trial* featured celebrities being tried by various personalities who had previously appeared as jurors on *Video on Trial*.

## Episodes

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Panel | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Ron Josol, Alex Kane, George Pettit, Nikki Payne, and Sean Michael Turrell | August 15, 2005 (2005-08-15) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Ass Like That" – Eminem 2. "Do Somethin'" – Britney Spears 3. "99 Problems" – Jay-Z 4. "Beverly Hills" – Weezer 5. "Hollaback Girl" – Gwen Stefani  * Eminem is "sentenced to have a Slinky up his ass"; Britney Spears is "sentenced to life with Kevin Federline"; Jay-Z is "sentenced to death by firing squad"; Weezer is "sentenced to an extremely juvenile detention center"; and Gwen Stefani is "sentenced to stay 400 meters away from any Harajuku Girls". | | | | |
| 2 | 2 | Jully Black, Trevor Boris, Alan Park, Harris Rosen, and Anna Von Frances | August 22, 2005 (2005-08-22) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" – Jessica Simpson 2. "Candy Shop" – 50 Cent featuring Olivia 3. "Get Right" – Jennifer Lopez 4. "Lose Control" – Missy Elliott featuring Ciara and Fatman Scoop 5. "I Just Wanna Live" – Good Charlotte  * Jessica Simpson is "sentenced to 50 slaps in the ass by a drunken hillbilly"; 50 Cent is "sentenced to 'fiddy' whips by a video chicken"; Jennifer Lopez is "sentenced to eight consecutive life sentences"; Missy Elliott is "sentenced to be buried alive until she turns blue"; and Good Charlotte is "sentenced to solitary confinement for their own safety". | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | Debra DiGiovanni, Ron Josol, David Lembke, Tim McAuliffe, and Ron Sparks | August 29, 2005 (2005-08-29) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Milkshake" – Kelis 2. "Let's Go" – Shawn Desman 3. "I Miss You" – Blink-182 4. "Splash Waterfalls" – Ludacris 5. "We Belong Together" – Mariah Carey  * Kelis is "sentenced to five years of chest arrest"; Shawn Desman is "sentenced to return the rental sports car"; and Mariah Carey is "sentenced to a career arc similar to that of Eric Roberts". | | | | |
| 4 | 4 | Chris Murphy, Jan Caruana, Quinn Martin, Tamla-Mai Deleon, and Fraser Young | September 5, 2005 (2005-09-05) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Call on Me" – Eric Prydz 2. "Caught Up" – Usher 3. "La La" – Ashlee Simpson 4. "Shut Up!" – Simple Plan 5. "Crazy in Love" – Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z  * Usher is "sentenced to the school of retro fashion"; Ashlee Simpson is "sentenced to wear a shock collar in her next video"; and Beyoncé is "sentenced to have her legs registered as loaded weapons". | | | | |
| 5 | 5 | John Catucci, Kardinal Offishall, Sabrina Jalees, David Kerr, and Anna Von Frances | September 12, 2005 (2005-09-12) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Dirrty" – Christina Aguilera featuring Redman 2. "Jesus Walks" – Kanye West 3. "Our Lips Are Sealed" – Hilary Duff and Haylie Duff 4. "Oh" – Ciara featuring Ludacris 5. "Behind Blue Eyes" – Limp Bizkit  * Christina Aguilera is "sentenced to take a warm bath in a hot vat of Purell"; Kanye West is "sentenced to be stopped from making the album *Jesus Surfs*"; Ciara is "sentenced to continue being the queen of crunk"; and Limp Bizkit is "sentenced to an eternity in rock and rap hell". | | | | |
| 6 | 6 | Bif Naked, David Mesiano, Jemeni, Debra DiGiovanni, and Trevor Boris | September 26, 2005 (2005-09-26) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Since U Been Gone" – Kelly Clarkson 2. "Hot in Herre" – Nelly 3. "Don't Cha" – The Pussycat Dolls featuring Busta Rhymes 4. "Wait (The Whisper Song)" – Ying Yang Twins 5. "Gangsters and Thugs" – Transplants  * Kelly Clarkson is "sentenced to continue being a hotter chick than Clay Aiken"; Nelly is "sentenced to apologize for making pit stains hot"; The Pussycat Dolls are "sentenced to be forever listened to on mute"; Ying Yang Twins are "sentenced to pipe up about where they will put their yings and yangs"; and Transplants are "sentenced to stop transplanting rap and punk". | | | | |
| 7 | 7 | Sabrina Jalees, David Kerr, Dr. Jay, George Pettit, and Ron Sparks | October 2, 2005 (2005-10-02) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Just Want You to Know" – Backstreet Boys 2. "Toxic" – Britney Spears 3. "Rumors" – Lindsay Lohan 4. "Got Some Teeth" – Obie Trice 5. "Fall to Pieces" – Velvet Revolver  * Backstreet Boys are "sentenced to cease all attempts to increase their 15 minutes of fame"; Britney Spears is "sentenced to remove the dishwasher from the front lawn of her Malibu home"; Lindsay Lohan is "sentenced to spend more time on her boobs and less time in the booth"; Obie Trice is "sentenced to dental sensitivity training"; and Velvet Revolver is "sentenced to stop giving hardcore drugs a bad name". | | | | |
| 8 | 8 | Wade MacNeil, Debra DiGiovanni, Ron Josol, Tamla-Mai Deleon, and Fraser Young | October 9, 2005 (2005-10-09) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Don't Phunk with My Heart" – Black Eyed Peas 2. "Be Easy" – Massari 3. "What You Waiting For?" – Gwen Stefani 4. "All These Things That I've Done" – The Killers 5. "Complicated" – Avril Lavigne  * Black Eyed Peas are "sentenced to stop being so motherphunking terrible"; Massari is "sentenced to cease production on video where he pretends to own the Space Shuttle"; Gwen Stefani is "sentenced to return to the sucky band from whence she came"; The Killers are "sentenced to come up with an original thought"; and Avril Lavigne is "sentenced to stop making videos that look like Pizza Pocket commercials". | | | | |
| 9 | 9 | Craig Lauzon, Anna Von Frances, Quinn Martin, Jully Black, and Jason Rouse | October 16, 2005 (2005-10-16) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Foxtrot Uniform Charlie Kilo" – Bloodhound Gang 2. "Shake It Off" – Mariah Carey 3. "Wake Up" – Hilary Duff 4. "We Be Burnin'" – Sean Paul 5. "Sugar, We're Goin Down" – Fall Out Boy  * Bloodhound Gang is "sentenced to top-track status on *Jock Jams 17*"; Mariah Carey is "sentenced to appear on the cover of *People* magazine's 'Sexiest Singers Over 70' issue"; Hilary Duff is "sentenced to a three-month relationship with England's ultimate rebel, Prince Harry"; Sean Paul is "sentenced to sell his Hummer and stop 'we be burnin'' the ozone layer"; and Fall Out Boy is "sentenced to use the more fitting *Simpsons*-inspired group name of 'Worst Band Ever'". | | | | |
| 10 | 10 | Trevor Boris, Sabrina Jalees, Jesse F. Keeler, David Kerr, and David Lembke | October 30, 2005 (2005-10-30) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Can't Hold Us Down" – Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim 2. "Do You Want To" – Franz Ferdinand 3. "Dip It Low" – Christina Milian 4. "We Are All on Drugs" – Weezer 5. "Stand Up" – Ludacris featuring Shawnna  * Christina Aguilera is "sentenced to notify the local water filtration plant whenever she showers"; Franz Ferdinand is "sentenced to just get it over with and have sex with each other"; Christina Milian is "sentenced to switch to using watercolor paints when engaging in sexual activity"; Weezer is "sentenced to have sand kicked in their face by a bully"; and Ludacris is "sentenced to stop making videos that make him look like a prop comic". | | | | |
| 11 | 11 | Alan Park, Dave Derewlany, Esthero, Jemeni, and Ron Sparks | November 6, 2005 (2005-11-06) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "My Prerogative" – Britney Spears 2. "P.I.M.P. (Remix)" – 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg, Lloyd Banks, and Young Buck 3. "Like You" – Bow Wow featuring Ciara 4. "The Reason" – Hoobastank 5. "Truth" – Seether  * Britney Spears is "sentenced to forbid her newborn son from using his father as a role model"; 50 Cent is "sentenced to notify Snoop that he's less of a P.I.M.P. and more of a W.I.M.P."; Bow Wow is "sentenced to use a booster seat when driving his Hummer"; Hoobastank is "sentenced to include an album advisory sticker with a warning that their lyrics may offend all"; and Seether is "sentenced to set up a cage match between two other fictional characters: a unicorn and their musical talent". | | | | |
| 12 | 12 | Adam Brodie, Debra DiGiovanni, "Evil" Jared Hasselhoff and Jimmy Pop, Anna Von Frances, and Fraser Young | November 13, 2005 (2005-11-13) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Just Lose It" – Eminem 2. "Tilt Ya Head Back" – Nelly featuring Christina Aguilera 3. "Everybody's Fool" – Evanescence 4. "Roses" – Outkast 5. "Just Like a Pill" – Pink  * Eminem is "sentenced to learn how bad comedy can hurt people by watching the entire first season DVD of *The King of Queens*... with director's commentary"; Nelly is "sentenced to stop giving 'The Depression' a bad name", Evanescence is "sentenced to stop making music that sounds like a Leon's commercial"; Outkast is "sentenced to reduce their poo-related content and cease production on their new album *Dirty Sanchez*"; and Pink is "sentenced to stop falling into the easy-rhyme trap by listening to rap, and not making music that sounds like crap". | | | | |
| 13 | 13 | Tamla-Mai Deleon, Bobby D. Freeman, Ron Josol, Perry Perlmutar, and Ron Sparks | November 20, 2005 (2005-11-20) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "My Humps" – Black Eyed Peas 2. "First Date" – Blink-182 3. "Girls & Boys" – Good Charlotte 4. "Dance, Dance" – Fall Out Boy 5. "Naughty Girl" – Beyoncé  * Black Eyed Peas are "sentenced to death by label rejection"; Blink-182 is "sentenced to realize their fake moustaches make them look cool"; and Beyoncé is "sentenced to stop making guys want to cheat on their girlfriends". | | | | |
| 14 | 14 | Darrin Rose, Sabrina Jalees, Trevor Boris, Trixx, and Greig Nori | November 27, 2005 (2005-11-27) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Luxurious (Remix)" – Gwen Stefani featuring Slim Thug 2. "The Way You Move" – Outkast featuring Sleepy Brown 3. "Cry Me a River" – Justin Timberlake 4. "Stacy's Mom" – Fountains of Wayne 5. "Doesn't Remind Me" – Audioslave  * Gwen Stefani is "sentenced to pay royalties to the year 1999 every time she wears lip liner"; Outkast is "sentenced to visit a real mechanic and suffer through the residual overcharging and smell of day-old farts"; Justin Timberlake is "sentenced to write another song about his relationship with Britney, but this time call it 'Dodged a Major Bullet!'"; Fountains of Wayne are "sentenced to speed up production of their new song, 'Stacy's Grandmom'"; and Audioslave is "sentenced to continue watching *Murder, She Wrote* on the tour bus". | | | | |
| 15 | 15 | Trevor Boris, Debra DiGiovanni, Dr. Jay, David Kerr, and Kardinal Offishall | December 4, 2005 (2005-12-04) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Confessions of a Broken Heart (Daughter to Father)" – Lindsay Lohan 2. "Diamonds from Sierra Leone" – Kanye West 3. "Jesus of Suburbia" – Green Day 4. "Whenever, Wherever" – Shakira 5. "Shadow" – Ashlee Simpson  * Lindsay Lohan is "sentenced to buy a new father"; Green Day is "sentenced to cease production on their next video, 'Moses of Suburbia'"; and Shakira is "sentenced to continue being the female version of David Hasselhoff". | | | | |
| 16 | 16 | Matt Billon, Darren Frost, Chris Jericho, Ron Josol, and Anna Von Frances | December 25, 2005 (2005-12-25) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Hung Up" – Madonna 2. "Lean Back" – Terror Squad 3. "Heartbreaker" – Mariah Carey featuring Jay-Z 4. "Helena" – My Chemical Romance 5. "Bye Bye Bye" – NSYNC  * Madonna is "sentenced to stop making dance music before another vogue invasion"; Terror Squad member Fat Joe is "sentenced to stop eating his bandmates"; and My Chemical Romance is "sentenced to be prominently featured on the playlist for late-night *D&D* sessions". | | | | |
| 17 | 17 | Bless, Sabrina Jalees, Nikki Payne, Darrin Rose, and Trixx | December 25, 2005 (2005-12-25) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Everytime" – Britney Spears 2. "The New Workout Plan" – Kanye West 3. "Perfect Situation" – Weezer 4. "Twisted Transistor" – Korn 5. "Don't Bother" – Shakira  * Britney Spears is "sentenced to realize her dream and find Kevin Federline a job at the Cheerios factory"; Kanye West is "sentenced to remind Anna Nicole Smith that this is not 'The New Pork-Out Plan'"; Weezer is "sentenced to continue their lifelong dream of non-stop rockin' and role-playing"; Korn is "sentenced to stop making songs that already sound like 'Weird Al''s parody version"; and Shakira is "sentenced to head back to the studio with her good friends the Tin Man and the Scarecrow". | | | | |
| 18 | 18 | Debra DiGiovanni, Esthero, Aaron Merke, Anna Von Frances, and Fraser Young | January 15, 2006 (2006-01-15) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "With You" – Jessica Simpson 2. "One Way Ticket" – The Darkness 3. "Window Shopper" – 50 Cent 4. "Hero" – Enrique Iglesias 5. "All That I've Got" – The Used  * The Used is "sentenced to appear in the 'used' CD bin shortly after release". | | | | |
| 19 | 19 | Jennifer Robertson, Greig Nori, Perry Perlmutar, Tamla-Mai Deleon, and Mike Sheer | January 22, 2006 (2006-01-22) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Me Against the Music" – Britney Spears featuring Madonna 2. "L.O.V.E." – Ashlee Simpson 3. "Mr. Brightside" – The Killers 4. "When I'm Gone" – Eminem 5. "Burn" – Usher  * Britney Spears and Madonna are "sentenced to stop singing and resume face sucking"; Ashlee Simpson is "sentenced to create an award show for her fellow idea stealers called 'The Grabbies'"; The Killers are "sentenced to hire prop comic genius Carrot Top for their next video"; Eminem is "sentenced to lighten the fuck up!"; and Usher is "sentenced to take a dip in his awesome flaming pool". | | | | |
| 20 | 20 | Trevor Boris, Andrew Bush, Jemeni, David Kerr, and Barry Taylor | January 29, 2006 (2006-01-29) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "It's My Life" – No Doubt 2. "Can't Stop" – Red Hot Chili Peppers 3. "Teachers Suck" – Tom Green 4. "She Will Be Loved" – Maroon 5 5. "21 Questions" – 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg  * No Doubt is "sentenced to pray really hard that Gwen returns to the band"; Tom Green is "sentenced to school with 'Weird Al' Yankovic"; and Maroon 5 is "sentenced to death by an alien or a dinosaur". | | | | |
| 21 | 21 | Ron Josol, Debra DiGiovanni, Dan Lavoie, Aaron Merke, and David Lembke | February 5, 2006 (2006-02-05) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Heard 'Em Say" – Kanye West featuring Adam Levine 2. "Resolve" – Foo Fighters 3. "Where's Your Head At" – Basement Jaxx 4. "Papa Don't Preach" – Kelly Osbourne 5. "Ch-Check It Out" – Beastie Boys  * Kanye West and Adam Levine are "sentenced to have their relationship annulled"; Foo Fighters are "sentenced to realize that even Mr. T pities them"; Basement Jaxx is "sentenced to realize that the double X in their name is as cool as a pair of uggs"; Kelly Osbourne is "sentenced to stop making songs that make people preach for an Ozzy Osbourne album"; and Beastie Boys are "sentenced to crimes against hair with Chad Kroeger". | | | | |
| 22 | 22 | Trevor Boris, Sabrina Jalees, David Kerr, Jennifer Robertson, and Trixx | February 19, 2006 (2006-02-19) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Beautiful Soul" – Jesse McCartney 2. "Over" – Lindsay Lohan 3. "My Band" – D12 4. "Batter Up" – Nelly and St. Lunatics 5. "The Denial Twist" – The White Stripes  * Jesse McCartney is "sentenced to put a 'may cause drowsiness' sticker on future albums"; Lindsay Lohan is "sentenced to go from acting to singing to early retirement"; D12 is "sentenced to perform on the Carrot Top tour"; Nelly is "sentenced to do a video about bobsledding"; and The White Stripes are "sentenced to make at least one video with a Hummer and a jacuzzi". | | | | |
| 23 | 23 | Matt Billon, Trevor Boris, Jemeni, Katherine Ryan, and Sugar Sammy | February 26, 2006 (2006-02-26) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Just a Lil Bit" – 50 Cent 2. "Feeling This" – Blink-182 3. "Juicebox" – The Strokes 4. "Don't Forget About Us" – Mariah Carey 5. "Get Back" – Ludacris  * The Strokes are "sentenced to take a cold shower together"; and Mariah Carey is "sentenced to stop kissing in soccer nets to avoid getting hit by a soccer ball". | | | | |
| 24 | 24 | Lucy DeCoutere, Debra DiGiovanni, Andrew Evans, Alex Nussbaum, and Fraser Young | March 5, 2006 (2006-03-05) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Lucky" – Britney Spears 2. "Wake Me Up When September Ends" – Green Day 3. "Laffy Taffy" – D4L 4. "Scars" – Papa Roach 5. "We Are All Made of Stars" – Moby  * Britney Spears is "sentenced to stop manufacturing Federlines"; Green Day is "sentenced to make a less depressing video about stuff like candy and rainbows"; D4L is "sentenced to spank their Super Soakers on their own time"; Papa Roach is "sentenced to continue rockin' the iPod in white-boy frat houses everywhere"; and Moby is "sentenced to eat a Rogaine sandwich". | | | | |
| 25 | 25 | CoCo La Creme, Aaron Merke, Perry Perlmutar, Darrin Rose, and Todd Shapiro | March 12, 2006 (2006-03-12) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Thinking of You (I Drive Myself Crazy)" – NSYNC 2. "Pump It" – Black Eyed Peas 3. "Hella Good" – No Doubt 4. "Yo (Excuse Me Miss)" – Chris Brown 5. "Bat Country" – Avenged Sevenfold  * NSYNC is "sentenced to become even more 'crazy' by trading Justin to the Backstreet Boys in exchange for AJ"; Black Eyed Peas are "sentenced to invent their own video game called *Grand Theft Talent*"; No Doubt is "sentenced to continue obtaining signatures in their 'Bring back Gwen' petition"; Chris Brown is "sentenced to stop stalking and do what every other successful musician does: buy love"; and Avenged Sevenfold is "sentenced to an eternity of listening to their frat boy fans yell out 'You dudes rule!' at concerts". | | | | |
| 26 | 26 | Andrew Bush, David Kerr, CoCo La Creme, Alex Nussbaum, and Barry Taylor | March 27, 2006 (2006-03-27) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Stupid Girls" – Pink 2. "It's Gonna Be Me" – NSYNC 3. "Touch the Sky" – Kanye West featuring Lupe Fiasco 4. "Stan" – Eminem featuring Dido 5. "Dirty Little Secret" – The All-American Rejects  * Pink is "sentenced to scientifically identify how she is any different from Lindsay Lohan"; NSYNC is "sentenced to a lifetime of being asked about Justin"; Kanye West is "sentenced to work with NASA to make a rocket that can orbit his ego"; Eminem is "sentenced to hope that his fan letters to Vanilla Ice never surface"; and The All-American Rejects are "sentenced to vanish from your iPod within the month". | | | | |
| 27 | 27 | Debra DiGiovanni, Trixx, Steven Shehori, Nicole Arbour, and Ron Sparks | April 10, 2006 (2006-04-10) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Sorry" – Madonna 2. "Everlong" – Foo Fighters 3. "Signs" – Snoop Dogg featuring Charlie Wilson and Justin Timberlake 4. "Trouble" – Pink 5. "Touch It" – Busta Rhymes  * Madonna is "sentenced to reinvent herself"; Foo Fighters are "sentenced to never again wear wigs in their future videos"; Snoop Dogg is "sentenced to keep the videos made in Las Vegas"; Pink is "sentenced to three months in a country jail"; and Busta Rhymes is "sentenced to a cage fight with MC Hammer and the Vengaboys". | | | | |
| 28 | 28 | Ennis Esmer, Jully Black, Ron Sparks, Claire Brosseau, and Eddie Della Siepe | April 24, 2006 (2006-04-24) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "A Little Less *Sixteen Candles*, a Little More 'Touch Me'" – Fall Out Boy 2. "She Hates Me" – Puddle of Mudd 3. "I Know You Don't Love Me" – Tony Yayo featuring G-Unit 4. "Ex-Girlfriend" – No Doubt 5. "When the Sun Goes Down" – Arctic Monkeys  * Fall Out Boy is "sentenced to stop using *The Simpsons* for inspiration, for Jebus' sake!"; and Puddle of Mudd is "sentenced to show any impact they have made". | | | | |
| 29 | 29 | Tamla-Mai Deleon, Trevor Boris, Roddy Colmer, Katherine Ryan, and Todd Shapiro | April 30, 2006 (2006-04-30) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Walk Away" – Kelly Clarkson 2. "Grillz" – Nelly featuring Paul Wall and Ali & Gipp 3. "So Yesterday" – Hilary Duff 4. "Go with the Flow" – Queens of the Stone Age 5. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" – Panic! at the Disco  * Kelly Clarkson is "sentenced to 'walk away' from the music industry"; and Queens of the Stone Age are "sentenced to make another music video advertising the Swiffer". | | | | |
| 30 | 30 | Debra DiGiovanni, Dan Lavoie, Jeff McEnery, Aaron Merke, and Will Weldon | May 7, 2006 (2006-05-07) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Beep" – The Pussycat Dolls featuring will.i.am 2. "Pass That Dutch" – Missy Elliott 3. "Is It Just Me?" – The Darkness 4. "My Sacrifice" – Creed 5. "Number One Spot" – Ludacris  * The Pussycat Dolls are "sentenced to join the Backstreet Boys and call themselves 'Pussycat Dolls with Balls'"; Missy Elliott is "sentenced to do a duet with Cheech & Chong"; The Darkness is "sentenced to stop brushing their teeth with Coke"; Creed is "sentenced to do a rosary for every stripper"; and Ludacris is "sentenced to let Mini-Me just be a TV commercial". | | | | |
| 31 | 31 | Sabrina Jalees, Ron Josol, Alex Nussbaum, Jennifer Robertson, and Darrin Rose | May 21, 2006 (2006-05-21) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Gimme That (Remix)" – Chris Brown featuring Lil Wayne 2. "Dani California" – Red Hot Chili Peppers 3. "Because I Got High" – Afroman 4. "The Hardest Part" – Coldplay 5. "Don't Let Me Get Me" – Pink  * Red Hot Chili Peppers are "sentenced to have their next video directed by Kevin Federline"; Coldplay is "sentenced to have no plans for their next video"; and Pink is "sentenced to give up the anti-corporate fight and get a tattoo of Mickey Mouse holding a Nike Swoosh". | | | | |
| 32 | 32 | Matt Alden, Robin Black, Debra DiGiovanni, Jason Rouse, and Anna Von Frances | June 25, 2006 (2006-06-25) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "What's Left of Me" – Nick Lachey 2. "Smooth Criminal" – Alien Ant Farm 3. "Say Somethin'" – Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg 4. "It Wasn't Me" – Shaggy featuring Rikrok 5. "Ms. New Booty" – Bubba Sparxxx featuring Ying Yang Twins and Mr. Collipark  * Nick Lachey is "sentenced to rejoin his 98 Degrees bandmates on the D-list"; Alien Ant Farm is "sentenced to recognize that punk and comedy go together like Tara Reid and proportionate breasts"; Mariah Carey is "sentenced to be a little less sexy, a little more 45 candles... or however old she is"; Shaggy is "sentenced to be in heavy rotation on your dad's iPod"; and Bubba Sparxxx is "sentenced to 200 hours of community service with the Save the Booty Foundation". | | | | |
| 33 | 33 | Matt Billon, Dini Dimakos, Jemeni, David Kerr, and Chris "Chopper" Ritchie | July 2, 2006 (2006-07-02) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "The Ghost of You" – My Chemical Romance 2. "Unwritten" – Natasha Bedingfield 3. "Slow Jamz" – Twista featuring Kanye West and Jamie Foxx 4. "Learn to Fly" – Foo Fighters 5. "When You're Mad" – Ne-Yo  * My Chemical Romance is "sentenced to get their lunch money stolen by bullies"; Natasha Bedingfield is "sentenced to leave her next album completely 'unwritten'"; Twista is "sentenced to stop inspiring men to play the skin flute"; Foo Fighters are "sentenced to leave the bad moustaches and smoking to K-Fed"; and Ne-Yo is "sentenced to give a public apology and a life of abstinence". | | | | |
| 34 | 34 | Trevor Boris, Laurie Elliott, Andrew Evans, Alex Nussbaum, and Fraser Young | July 9, 2006 (2006-07-09) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Who Knew" – Pink 2. "The Yeah Yeah Yeah Song (With All Your Power)" – The Flaming Lips 3. "Behind These Hazel Eyes" – Kelly Clarkson 4. "Ridin'" – Chamillionaire featuring Krayzie Bone 5. "Crazy" – Gnarls Barkley  * Pink is "sentenced to continue making fun of her stupid girls, but without her stupid curls"; The Flaming Lips are "sentenced to attract women more their age group by taping some Metamucil to their privates"; Kelly Clarkson is "sentenced to thank God she was never eaten by Ruben Studdard"; Chamillionaire is "sentenced to ride his lowrider straight to hell"; and Gnarls Barkley is "sentenced to keep making videos that deliver a hallucinogenic contact buzz". | | | | |
| 35 | 35 | Nicole Arbour, Roddy Colmer, Sabrina Jalees, Chris Jericho, and Ali Rizvi | July 16, 2006 (2006-07-16) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Hips Don't Lie" – Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean 2. "Freak on a Leash" – Korn 3. "I'm 'n Luv (wit a Stripper)" – T-Pain featuring Mike Jones 4. "Tribute" – Tenacious D 5. "Talk" – Coldplay  * Shakira is "sentenced to realize that if her 'hips don't lie', they're probably saying her song sucks"; Korn is "sentenced to stop making videos that look like the new *Garfield* movie"; T-Pain is "sentenced to remember that on a date with a stripper, the two-drink minimum still applies"; Tenacious D is "sentenced to keep on fat guy rockin'"; and Coldplay is "sentenced to cease on having the always baked Prince Harry direct their videos". | | | | |
| 36 | 36 | Debra DiGiovanni, Mark Forward, Nile Séguin, Ron Sparks, and Manolis Zontanos | July 23, 2006 (2006-07-23) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Bossy" – Kelis featuring Too Short 2. "Work It" – Missy Elliott 3. "Invisible" – Ashlee Simpson 4. "Walk Away" – Franz Ferdinand 5. "But It's Better If You Do" – Panic! at the Disco  * Kelis is "sentenced to change nothing—well, with the possible exception of 'everything'"; Missy Elliott is "sentenced to warn potheads that her videos may 'harsh their mellow'"; Ashlee Simpson is "sentenced to realize that you can't pick your sister, you can't pick your nose, and you can't pick your sister's nose"; Franz Ferdinand is "sentenced to keep making theater students look tough"; and Panic! at the Disco is "sentenced to google the word 'creativity'". | | | | |
| 37 | 37 | Dini Dimakos, Ron Josol, Perry Perlmutar, Todd Shapiro, and Anna Von Frances | August 6, 2006 (2006-08-06) |
| * The following videos are tried:  1. "Ain't No Other Man" – Christina Aguilera 2. "I Love My Chick" – Busta Rhymes featuring will.i.am and Kelis 3. "Girl's Not Grey" – AFI 4. "S Club Party" – S Club 7 5. "The Kill" – Thirty Seconds to Mars  * Christina Aguilera is "sentenced to let archaeologists dig for face beneath her thousands of layers of pancake make-up"; Busta Rhymes is "sentenced to stop making videos that look like a Steven Seagal action flick"; AFI is "sentenced to reveal that 'AFI' stands for 'Audio for Idiots'"; S Club 7 is "sentenced to forever answer the question, 'What does the 'S' stand for?'"; and Thirty Seconds to Mars is "sentenced to watch every episode of *Full House* and wonder which Olsen twin is being used in each scene featuring Michelle Tanner". | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Video on Trial* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 1 | |
| No. of episodes | 37 |
| Release | |
| Original network | MuchMusic |
| Original release | August 15, 2005 (2005-08-15)
August 6, 2006 (2006-08-06) |
| Season chronology | |
|


abstract: The target-centric approach to intelligence is a method of intelligence analysis that Robert M. Clark introduced in his book "Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach" in 2003 to offer an alternative methodology to the traditional intelligence cycle. Its goal is to redefine the intelligence process in such a way that all of the parts of the intelligence cycle come together as a network. It is a collaborative process where collectors, analysts and customers are integral, and information does not always flow linearly.

text:
# Intelligence cycle (target-centric approach)

The **target-centric approach to intelligence** is a method of intelligence analysis that Robert M. Clark introduced in his book "Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach" in 2003 to offer an alternative methodology to the traditional intelligence cycle. Its goal is to redefine the intelligence process in such a way that all of the parts of the intelligence cycle come together as a network. It is a collaborative process where collectors, analysts and customers are integral, and information does not always flow linearly.

## Target-centric analysis

### Intelligence process

The most common view of the intelligence process is the model known as the intelligence cycle. In the original concept of this model, the steps are isolated stages where each part has a designated purpose or task. When the contributors and collectors complete data collection, the cycle continues. While this procedure completes each part of the cycle, it may constrain the flow of information. The intelligence community often discusses the problems with this pure model and offers multiple approaches to solving them.

In the pure model, there is limited opportunity for contributors or consumers to ask questions or provide feedback. To fully understand what they analyze, analysts should have the opportunity to ask questions about the sources where collectors gathered information. Likewise, when the decision-maker receives an intelligence estimate, he or she should have the opportunity to ask questions concerning not only how the analyst reached a particular conclusion, but also questions concerning the reliability of sources.

Sherman Kent the "father of intelligence analysis," left a legacy in not only his work, but in the faculty members at the Sherman Kent Center. The faculty teaches intelligence principles to future intelligence analysts. According to Jack Davis, of the Sherman Kent Center, Kent encouraged arguments and dissent among analysts, as well as taking into account a "wide range of outside opinions." Kent also encouraged "collective responsibility for judgment," which supports a network approach to intelligence. In such a network, analysts are directly accountable for the work, and a decision maker or consumer's questions help the intelligence process by leading by pushing the analyst to challenge and refine his or her own work.

It is important to note that agencies constantly modify the traditional, pure model in intelligence practice. For example, various "centers" under the Director of National Intelligence deliberately put collectors and analysts into teams.

The traditional intelligence cycle separates collectors, processors, and analysts and too often results in "throwing information over the wall" to become the next person's responsibility. Everyone neatly avoids responsibility for the quality of the final product. Because this "compartmentalized process results in formalized and relatively inflexible requirements at each stage, it is more predictable and therefore more vulnerable to an opponent’s countermeasures.”

Kurt April and Julian Bessa examined weaknesses of the competitive intelligence community in their article "A Critique of the Strategic Competitive Intelligence Process within a Global Energy Multinational." They examined two competitive intelligence processes: *Competitive Strategic Business Intelligence* (CIAD) and *Competitive Technical Intelligence* (CTI). According to April and Bessa, CIAD is a linear process where the intelligence product moves upward through the layers of the organization. In contrast, CTI is a more networked model. They found that the organizational structure associated with CIAD prevents open-sharing of information and ideas, and is a stumbling block to intelligence analysis.”

Testifying to the House Committee on Homeland Security Mr. Eliot A. Jardines, President of Open Source Publishing, Incorporated, presented a statement and supported the target-centric approach to intelligence. According to Mr. Jardines, Dr. Robert Clark "proposes a more target-centric, iterative and collaborative approach which would be far more effective than our current traditional intelligence cycle." With a target-centric approach to intelligence analysis, intelligence is collaborative, because this model creates a system where it can include all contributors, participants, and consumers. Each individual can question the model and get answers along the way. The target-centric model is a *network process* where the information flows unconstrained among all participants, who also focus on the objective to create a shared picture of the target. For other models and their limitations, see Analysis of competing hypotheses and cognitive traps for intelligence analysis.

## Creating the model

### Models in intelligence

Conceptual models are useful for the analytic process, and are particularly helpful to help understand the target-centric approach to intelligence. A conceptual model is an abstract invention of the mind that best incorporates and takes advantage of an analyst's thought process. The model allows the analyst to use a powerful descriptive tool to both estimate current situations and predict future circumstances.

### Sources of intelligence information

Once the analyst constructs the skeleton structure of the model, the next step is to add substance. This is where the analyst must research, gather information, and synthesize to populate the model. For an analyst to successfully populate a model for a complex target, he or she must find information from a wide range of both classified and unclassified sources. This includes retrieving information from the body of existing intelligence. Depending on the target, an analyst may seek out information from open source intelligence (information available to the general public), human intelligence (HUMINT), measures and signatures intelligence (MASINT), signals intelligence (SIGINT), or imagery intelligence (IMINT). Even though open source information is inexpensive or free, and easily accessible, it can be just as useful as the more specialized, technical intelligence sources that are expensive to use.

### Populating the model

Populating the model forces the analyst to collate the collected data, organize the data, and evaluate evidence for relevance and credibility. Finally, after the analyst examines each piece of data, the analyst must incorporate the information into the target model. As the body of information builds in the model, the analyst can more easily determine where there are inconsistencies in conclusions. This requires the analyst to carry out further research to support or deny a particular conclusion. Also, as the analyst populates the model, the target model shows where gaps exist in the model. These gaps also force the analyst to collect additional information to more completely describe the target.

## Organizational analysis

Clark defined an organization as a system that "can be viewed and analyzed from three perspectives: structure, function, and process." *Structure* describes the parts of the whole organization, emphasizing people who are part of the organization, and their relationships with one another as part of that whole. *Function* describes the product of the organization and emphasizes decision-making. Finally, *Process* describes the activities and knowledge that formulate the final product. An analyst must consider each of these components while examining a particular target organization. Most importantly, when an analyst successfully describes the target organization with a full understanding of its structure, function, and process, the model demonstrates the target's strengths and weaknesses to the analyst. Weaknesses or changes in the target organization aid the analyst in constructing a predictive, reliable analysis.

## Applications of the target-centric approach to intelligence

The target-centric approach to intelligence does not aim to deny other intelligence processes. Instead, it offers an alternative method to the established intelligence process. The intelligence cycle, like many other systems, continually needs improvement. In the wake of the 2001 terrorist attacks, the 9/11 Commission declared that the US intelligence community needed improvements in gathering and sharing information. According to the 9/11 Commission, U.S. intelligence agencies experienced inadequate coordination and cooperation. This is one example of failure in the intelligence cycle, where a breakdown in the accepted process led to devastating results.

General Stanley A. McChrystal wrote in 2014 about a targeting cycle called "F3EA" used in the Iraq War, which stands for:

1. Find: A target (person or location) is first identified and located.
2. Fix: The target is then kept under continuous surveillance while a Positive Identification is established.
3. Finish: A raiding force is assigned to capture or kill the target.
4. Exploit: Intelligence material is secured and mined, with detainees interrogated.
5. Analyze: Information is studied to identify further targeting opportunities.

## Criticisms

According to Heuer, analysts can always strive to improve estimates, and no method guarantees accurate conclusions every time. Analysts should expect intelligence failures, and refine the methodology to learn from what worked and what did not work.

Also, according to Johnston, time constraints are one of the most difficult obstacles for intelligence analysts. A target-centric model, by its very nature, is a network process that, in its ideal form, is more time-consuming than the traditional cycle. If analysts back-track to collaborate with collectors and respond to multiple questions from decision makers, the finished product will likely take a longer amount of time to reach the decision maker.


title: Oreohelix subrudis

abstract: Oreohelix subrudis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae.

text:
# Oreohelix subrudis

***Oreohelix subrudis*** is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae.

## InfoBox

| *Oreohelix subrudis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Three views of a shell of *Oreohelix subrudis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Oreohelicidae |
| Genus: | *Oreohelix* |
| Species: | ***O. subrudis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oreohelix subrudis***<br>(Reeve, 1854) | |
|


title: Rajiv Chandrasekaran

abstract: Rajiv Chandrasekaran is an American journalist. He is a senior correspondent and associate editor at The Washington Post, where he has worked since 1994.

text:
# Rajiv Chandrasekaran

**Rajiv Chandrasekaran** is an American journalist. He is a senior correspondent and associate editor at *The Washington Post*, where he has worked since 1994.

## Life

He grew up mostly in the San Francisco Bay Area. He attended Stanford University, where he became editor-in-chief of *The Stanford Daily* and earned a degree in political science.

At *The Post* he has served as bureau chief in Baghdad, Cairo, and Southeast Asia, and as a correspondent covering the war in Afghanistan. During 2003, the *Post* put his stories on the front page 138 times. In 2004, he was journalist-in-residence at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and a public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

Chandrasekaran's 2006 book *Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq's Green Zone* won the 2007 Samuel Johnson Prize and was a finalist for the 2006 National Book Awards for non-fiction. The film *Green Zone* (2010) is "credited as having been 'inspired by'" the book.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Rajiv Chandrasekaran | |
| --- | --- |
| Chandrasekaran in 2015 | |
| Alma mater | Stanford University |
| Genre | non-fiction |
| Notable awards | Samuel Johnson Prize |


title: Warrior of Rome

abstract: Caesar no Yabou Warrior of Rome, also known as Caesar no Yabou, is a real-time strategy video game developed and published by Micronet for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. The game is a fictional story about the adventures of Julius Caesar and the Roman army during his reign as general in the year 48 BCE. The game had a sequel, Warrior of Rome II.

text:
# Warrior of Rome

***Warrior of Rome***, also known as ***Caesar no Yabou*** (シーザーの野望, "Ambition of Caesar"), is a real-time strategy video game developed and published by Micronet for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. The game is a fictional story about the adventures of Julius Caesar and the Roman army during his reign as general in the year 48 BCE. The game had a sequel, *Warrior of Rome II*.

## Gameplay

The player has four maps (based in Crete and latterly Egypt) to command their troops over. Players are given control over each unit of troops on the Section Map. The player can select six different options for each troop unit including approach speed, retreat to allow the unit to regain strength or setting traps. Once the troops have encountered an enemy unit, the Battle Screen appears showing a side shot of the player's troops in combat. The player can save their game progress or use a password system at the end of a completed stage.

## Images

## InfoBox

| Warrior of Rome | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of *Warrior of Rome* | |
| Developer(s) | Micronet |
| Publisher(s) | Micronet |
| Platform(s) | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis |
| Release | * JP: February 24, 1991 * NA: May 21, 1991 |
| Genre(s) | Real-time strategy |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer (up to two players) |


title: The Naturals

abstract: The Naturals were a professional wrestling tag team made up of Andy Douglas and Chase Stevens. They are best known for their work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where they are former three-time NWA World Tag Team Champions.

text:
# The Naturals

**The Naturals** were a professional wrestling tag team made up of Andy Douglas and Chase Stevens. They are best known for their work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where they are former three-time NWA World Tag Team Champions.

## History

While working for USA Championship Wrestling, Douglas and Stevens were paired together by booker Bob Ryder. They were briefly known as "Natural Heat" before shortening their name to "The Naturals". In USA CW, The Naturals were old-school Southern style heels.

Douglas and Stevens began working for Jerry Lawler's Memphis Wrestling promotion in 2003, where they were renamed "The Alternative Express". The Alternative Express—a gothic pair of rock fans who wore black clothing and recolored their hair and fingernails—were managed by The Goddess Athena. Athena later left The Naturals after a falling out, and they gained a new manager, April Pennington.

### Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

Douglas and Stevens were brought into Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in late 2003 as "The Naturals", immediately beginning a lengthy feud with America's Most Wanted (AMW). In the course of the feud, they defeated AMW for the NWA World Tag Team Championship on July 7, 2004 in a twelve-second long match after hitting James Storm with one of the title belts. The Naturals successfully defended their titles against Triple X, but were eventually beaten by Chris Harris and Elix Skipper (one member of each team) on September 8, 2004.

In 2005, the Naturals formed a stable with Chris Candido, who also became their manager. They became peripheral members of Planet Jarrett in early 2005. On April 26 they defeated America's Most Wanted to become NWA World Tag Team Champions for a second time. The sudden death of Candido two days later led to them turning face due to fan reaction. They stated later in May that they were being advised through the ordeal by a "legendary figure" in professional wrestling, though they declined to say who at the time.

On June 19, 2005 at *Slammiversary* the Naturals were assisted in a title defense against Team Canada by Jimmy Hart, who was revealed to be their secret advisor. Hart acted as their manager throughout the summer of 2005 before he left his voluntary on-screen capacities with TNA in September. In their feud with Team Canada, they briefly formed an alliance with AMW. Their animosity, however, won out as infighting cost them an eight-man tag team match with Team Canada at Sacrifice on August 14.

The Naturals survived an Elimination Match involving Team Canada, AMW, and Alex Shelley (who was supposed to team with Sean Waltman, who no-showed, and instead was assisted by Johnny Candido) to retain the titles at Unbreakable on September 11. Their reign ended on the October 22 episode of *Impact!* when they lost to AMW following interference from Jeff Jarrett and Gail Kim. They were defeated by AMW in their rematch at *Bound For Glory* on October 23, again following interference from Kim.

On October 25, Stevens injured his neck when he landed bad on his head during a tag-team match being taped for the October 29 episode of *Impact!* The injury was minor, and not expected to require surgery. The match, however, was omitted, and a replacement match was taped the next day. He returned on November 13 at Genesis.

The Naturals went to the background in the early months of 2006. After Scott Steiner brutalized Douglas in March, Stevens spent about two months in singles action in the X Division with limited success. When Douglas returned and they tagged again and "The Franchise" Shane Douglas (no relation to Douglas), a former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and TNA official, took an interest in them. After they lost to The Diamonds in the Rough on June 15, Shane confronted them, telling them they were squandering their talent. Invoking his friend and their former manager Chris Candido, he offered to be their new manager. With much audience approval, they accepted Shane's offer, and, after a month of intense training overseen by The Franchise, faced and defeated The Diamonds in the Rough in a rematch at Victory Road. The Naturals then entered a feud with Team 3D, even handing Team 3D their first loss in a Tables Match in TNA, but after a loss to Team 3D in a Tables Match one month later, Shane Douglas abandoned them, saying "This experiment is over".

After the end of the Shane Douglas angle TNA were said to be done with the Naturals as a team, saying that they had given the team several opportunities to show their charisma, but had not delivered. The situation has since been rectified to an extent and after two house show appearances for TNA, one in January and one in March (2007), The Naturals returned to TNA on *Xplosion*, in mid-April 2007.

The Naturals appeared at the Lockdown FanFest held in St. Louis on April 14, 2007. Stevens and Douglas were released from TNA Wrestling as of May 10, 2007, but TNA Mobile announced soon afterward that they would be working for TNA without a contract from time to time.

### International Wrestling Association

The Naturals went to IWA in mid-2007, where they held the IWA World Tag Teams Championships until they vacated the titles after leaving the IWA.

### World Wrestling Entertainment

The Naturals competed in a taped match for the 21 March 2008 episode of *SmackDown*, teaming with Luke Hawx in a losing effort against The Big Show. Stevens wrestled Jack Swagger on *ECW* in a losing effort on September 16, 2008. Stevens was later defeated by Mike Knox on September 23's edition of *ECW*, followed by a post-match beating from Swagger which prompted a Tommy Dreamer run-in.

## Championships and accomplishments

## InfoBox

| The Naturals | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Tag team | |
| Members | Andy Douglas
Chase Stevens |
| Name(s) | The Alternative Express
Natural Heat
The Newly Franchised Naturals
**The Naturals** |
| Billed heights | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) - Douglas
6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) - Stevens |
| Combined
billed weight | 440 lb (200 kg) |
| Hometown | Nashville, Tennessee |
| Debut | 2003 |
| Disbanded | 2010 |


title: Oldrids

abstract: Downtown is the trading name of Oldrid & Co., Ltd, which operates a chain of two retail department stores in Lincolnshire, UK. The business formerly also operated stores under the Oldrids name, until the closure of the last store under that brand in 2022. The first Oldrids store opened in Boston in 1804, and expanded to include stores in Grantham, Scunthorpe, Lincoln and Gainsborough at its peak.

text:
# Oldrids

**Downtown** is the trading name of Oldrid & Co., Ltd, which operates a chain of two retail department stores in Lincolnshire, UK. The business formerly also operated stores under the **Oldrids** name, until the closure of the last store under that brand in 2022. The first Oldrids store opened in Boston in 1804, and expanded to include stores in Grantham, Scunthorpe, Lincoln and Gainsborough at its peak.

## History

The first Oldrids store was opened in Boston, Lincolnshire in 1804 by John Oldrid and Richard Hyde. The store expanded through purchase of neighboring buildings until it encompassed many separate sites, including a furniture store on New Street. The current Oldrids Boston building was constructed in 1970 following the demolition of the former building in 1969.

A move into out-of-town stores followed in the 1980s including the construction of Downtown in Wyberton Fen, on the outskirts of Boston, in 1981 and Downtown Grantham, at Gonerby Moor, in 1989. The Grantham branch was a tie up with Boundary Mill stores, who lease half of the building. A separate Downtown branded garden centre was added to the site in 1998.

### Expansion

Further expansion took place in 2013 when Lincolnshire Co-op decided to exit their department store business, transferring their homestore branches in Lincoln and Gainsborough to Oldrids, although retaining the leaseholds themselves. All staff transferred across as part of the deal and the stores were rebranded Downtown and Oldrids respectively.

In 2016, Central England Co-op sold their Westgate department store in Scunthorpe to Oldrids, who later rebranded it to Downtown in September of that year. The store had previously operated as Upton's and Binns (owned by House of Fraser), with the entrance way to the building still sporting the Binns name in stone to this day. It operated as the chain's outlet centre, with the top floor selling discounted products.

### Closures

In June 2017 it was announced that the Downtown Lincoln store previously purchased from Lincolnshire Co-op would close, with Oldrids citing it as 'loss-making'. The store closed a month later.

Oldrids also announced that they would not be renewing the lease for their Gainsborough department store, leading to its closure in January 2018.

In July 2020, Oldrids announced that their original Boston department store would not reopen following the COVID-19 pandemic in an attempt to ensure the future viability of the business, bringing to an end the use of the Oldrids brand name and their two hundred year history in the town.

In December 2021, it was reported that Oldrids' store in Scunthorpe was to close the following month. The developments surfaced via shop staff informing customers about the closure, with Oldrids declining to officially confirm the reports. The shop duly closed on 29 January 2022.

## Current operations

As of February 2024, only the out-of-town Downtown stores at Boston and Grantham continue to trade.


title: Neville Jodrell

abstract: Sir Neville Paul Jodrell was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Mid Norfolk at a by-election in October 1918 following the death of William Lewis Boyle MP. However, the Mid Norfolk constituency was abolished for the general election in December 1918, and Jodrell was returned to the House of Commons as MP for the King's Lynn constituency, with a majority of only 366 votes over his only opponent, the Labour candidate. He was re-elected in a three-way contest in 1922 by a larger margin, but at the 1923 general election, he lost his seat to the Liberal candidate, George Woodwark. Jodrell did not stand for Parliament again. He was knighted in the 1922 Dissolution Honours List.

text:
# Neville Jodrell

**Sir Neville Paul Jodrell** (27 May 1858 – 20 May 1932) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Mid Norfolk at a by-election in October 1918 following the death of William Lewis Boyle MP.

However, the Mid Norfolk constituency was abolished for the general election in December 1918, and Jodrell was returned to the House of Commons as MP for the King's Lynn constituency, with a majority of only 366 votes over his only opponent, the Labour candidate. He was re-elected in a three-way contest in 1922 by a larger margin, but at the 1923 general election, he lost his seat to the Liberal candidate, George Woodwark.

Jodrell did not stand for Parliament again.

He was knighted in the 1922 Dissolution Honours List.

* Craig, F. W. S. (1983) \[1969\]. *British parliamentary election results 1918-1949* (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs


title: Molly Sweeney

abstract: Molly Sweeney is a two-act play by Brian Friel. It tells the story of its title character, Molly, a woman blind since infancy who undergoes an operation to try to restore her sight. Like Friel's Faith Healer, the play tells Molly's story through monologues by three characters: Molly, her husband Frank, and her surgeon, Mr. Rice. It enjoyed considerable success on the stage, but attracted little critical interest, perhaps because of its superficial similarities to Faith Healer (1979), another play composed of a series of monologues delivered on an empty stage by characters who have no interaction. This play is about a blind woman in Ballybeg who constructed for herself an independent life rich in friendships and sensual fulfillment, and her ill-fated encounter with two men who destroy it and cause her madness: Frank, the man she marries who becomes convinced that she can only be complete when her vision is restored, and Mr. Rice, a once-renowned eye surgeon who uses Molly to restore his career. In a note in the programme of the 1996 Broadway production, Friel says that the story was inspired in part by Oliver Sacks's essay "To See and Not See".

text:
# Molly Sweeney

***Molly Sweeney*** is a two-act play by Brian Friel. It tells the story of its title character, Molly, a woman blind since infancy who undergoes an operation to try to restore her sight. Like Friel's *Faith Healer*, the play tells Molly's story through monologues by three characters: Molly, her husband Frank, and her surgeon, Mr. Rice.

It enjoyed considerable success on the stage, but attracted little critical interest, perhaps because of its superficial similarities to *Faith Healer* (1979), another play composed of a series of monologues delivered on an empty stage by characters who have no interaction. This play is about a blind woman in Ballybeg who constructed for herself an independent life rich in friendships and sensual fulfillment, and her ill-fated encounter with two men who destroy it and cause her madness: Frank, the man she marries who becomes convinced that she can only be complete when her vision is restored, and Mr. Rice, a once-renowned eye surgeon who uses Molly to restore his career. In a note in the programme of the 1996 Broadway production, Friel says that the story was inspired in part by Oliver Sacks's essay "To See and Not See".

## Production history

*Molly Sweeney* received its first performance on August 9, 1994, at the Gate Theatre, Dublin. It was directed by Friel and featured Catherine Byrne as Molly, Mark Lambert as Frank Sweeney, and T. P. McKenna as Mr. Rice.

It received its American premiere in 1996 in an Off Broadway production at the Roundabout Theatre. Catherine Byrne again starred as Molly, Alfred Molina played her husband Frank, and Jason Robards played Mr. Rice. It won the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Play of the 1996 season.

The play was revived at the Print Room theatre in west London in 2013, with Dorothy Duffy starring as Molly.

The play was in large part inspired by the essay by neurologist Oliver Sacks, "To See and Not See", published in *An Anthropologist on Mars*.


title: Orra Almira Phelps

abstract: Orra Almira Phelps was an American physician, botanist, naturalist, mountaineer, and writer. Phelps was born in Storrs, Connecticut. Her mother was a noted botanist in her own right and mentored Orra. Her father struggled with employment. As a result, the family moved frequently and Orra helped take care of her six siblings. She graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1918 after studying zoology and geology and later graduated with a medical degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1927. Phelps served as a navy physician during World War Two, and later taught botany and biology in Saratoga Springs. In 1934, Phelps published the first trail guide to the High Peaks Region. It was noted for its accuracy and thoroughness; she hiked each of the trails herself to ensure it was complete. She became an Adirondack Forty-Sixer in 1947, one of only forty-seven people at the time. Phelps had extensive knowledge of the plants and animals of the area, and as the first ranger-naturalist for the Adirondack Mountain Club (ADK) she organized a nature museum in a tent and her car, and educated guests and visitors about the wildlife. An 18-acre parcel of land in Saratoga where Phelps used to go birding, specimen hunting, and walking was donated by her niece to become the Orra Phelps Preserve.

text:
# Orra Almira Phelps

**Orra Almira Phelps** (10 September 1895-26 August 1986) was an American physician, botanist, naturalist, mountaineer, and writer. Phelps was born in Storrs, Connecticut. Her mother was a noted botanist in her own right and mentored Orra. Her father struggled with employment. As a result, the family moved frequently and Orra helped take care of her six siblings. She graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1918 after studying zoology and geology and later graduated with a medical degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1927. Phelps served as a navy physician during World War Two, and later taught botany and biology in Saratoga Springs. In 1934, Phelps published the first trail guide to the High Peaks Region. It was noted for its accuracy and thoroughness; she hiked each of the trails herself to ensure it was complete. She became an Adirondack Forty-Sixer in 1947, one of only forty-seven people at the time. Phelps had extensive knowledge of the plants and animals of the area, and as the first ranger-naturalist for the Adirondack Mountain Club (ADK) she organized a nature museum in a tent and her car, and educated guests and visitors about the wildlife.

An 18-acre parcel of land in Saratoga where Phelps used to go birding, specimen hunting, and walking was donated by her niece to become the Orra Phelps Preserve.

## Bibliography

* Arakelian, Mary (2001). *Doc : Orra A. Phelps, M.D., Adirondack Naturalist and Mountaineer*. North Country Books Inc. p. 326. ISBN 978-0925168665.


title: International Anti-Corruption Court

abstract: The International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC) is a proposed international court that would strengthen the enforcement of criminal laws against corrupt leaders. The effort to establish the court was first proposed by Judge Mark L. Wolf, a Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, at the 2012 St. Petersburg International Legal Forum, the 2014 World Forum on Global Governance, and in articles for the Brookings Institution and The Washington Post in 2014. The IACC proposal was further developed in a 2018 paper published in Daedalus, the journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, titled "The World Needs an International Anti-Corruption Court." In 2022, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences published a paper by Judge Mark L. Wolf, Justice Richard Goldstone and Professor Robert Rotberg, titled "The Progressing Proposal for An International Anti-Corruption Court." The campaign to create the IACC has been led by Integrity Initiatives International (III), an NGO that Judge Mark L. Wolf founded in 2016 with Judge Richard Goldstone, former Justice on the Supreme Court of South Africa and chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and other colleagues. III's mission is to "strengthen the enforcement of criminal laws in order to punish and deter leaders who are corrupt and regularly violate human rights, and to create opportunities for the democratic process to replace them with leaders dedicated to serving their citizens." Establishing the IACC, supporting national anti-corruption measures, and forging a network of young people committed to fighting grand corruption in their own countries are some of its main priorities.

text:
# International Anti-Corruption Court

The **International Anti-Corruption Court** (**IACC**) is a proposed international court that would strengthen the enforcement of criminal laws against corrupt leaders. The effort to establish the court was first proposed by Judge Mark L. Wolf, a Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, at the 2012 St. Petersburg International Legal Forum, the 2014 World Forum on Global Governance, and in articles for the Brookings Institution and *The Washington Post* in 2014.

The IACC proposal was further developed in a 2018 paper published in Daedalus, the journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, titled "The World Needs an International Anti-Corruption Court." In 2022, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences published a paper by Judge Mark L. Wolf, Justice Richard Goldstone and Professor Robert Rotberg, titled "The Progressing Proposal for An International Anti-Corruption Court."

The campaign to create the IACC has been led by Integrity Initiatives International (III), an NGO that Judge Mark L. Wolf founded in 2016 with Judge Richard Goldstone, former Justice on the Supreme Court of South Africa and chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and other colleagues. III's mission is to "strengthen the enforcement of criminal laws in order to punish and deter leaders who are corrupt and regularly violate human rights, and to create opportunities for the democratic process to replace them with leaders dedicated to serving their citizens." Establishing the IACC, supporting national anti-corruption measures, and forging a network of young people committed to fighting grand corruption in their own countries are some of its main priorities.

## Structure

Grand corruption – the abuse of public power for private gain by a nation's leaders (kleptocrats) – is a major barrier to responding effectively to pandemics, fighting climate change, promoting democracy and human rights, meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals, establishing international peace and security, and securing a more just, rules-based global order.

Grand corruption does not endure due to a lack of laws. The 189 countries that are party to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) each have laws criminalizing corrupt conduct. Yet kleptocrats enjoy impunity because they control the administration of justice in the countries that they rule.

The IACC would fill a crucial gap in the international framework for combatting grand corruption. The IACC would enforce existing national anti-corruption laws, or a new international counterpart to them, against kleptocrats and their conspirators. The IACC would be a court of last resort. Operating on the principle of complementarity, it would only prosecute if a member state were unwilling or unable to prosecute a case itself. In this way, the IACC may act as incentive for domestic governments to establish adequate anti-corruption processes while ensuring that corrupt leaders are held accountable where the effective processes do not yet exist.

Prosecution in the IACC would, in many cases, result in the incarceration of convicted kleptocrats and thus create the opportunity for the democratic process to replace them with honest leaders. It is also foreseeable that kleptocrats will not permit the countries they rule to join a court that would prosecute them. In order to be effective, the IACC would need 20 to 25 representative countries to be effective as long as they include some major financial centers through which kleptocrats often launder the proceeds of corruption, and attractive countries in which kleptocrats invest and spend their wealth. The IACC would have jurisdiction to prosecute crimes if any or all elements of the crime were committed within the territory of a member state or by a national of a member state, and could therefore tackle transnational criminal networks.

Not only would successful prosecution of a kleptocrat result in his or her incarceration, but it would also result in an order of restitution or disgorgement of illicit assets or gains for the benefit of victims. The IACC would also have the potential to recover, repurpose, and repatriate stolen assets through sentences that include orders of restitution in criminal cases and possibly judgments in civil cases brought by whistleblowers, a small portion of which would be used to fund the Court itself.

The IACC's expert investigators, prosecutors, and judges would be valuable resources for strengthening their counterparts in countries striving to improve their capacity, and it would provide a forum for evidence raised by whistleblowers. In these respects, the IACC is similar to, but distinct from, the International Criminal Court (ICC), and may be designed in a way that draws on the strengths of the ICC model while avoiding some of its weaknesses.

## Support

Support for the IACC is growing. In June 2021, more than 125 world leaders from over 45 countries signed the Declaration in Support of the Creation of the IACC, including Nobel laureates, former heads of state and government, high court justices, former cabinet ministers, business leaders, and representatives of civil society. The Declaration was drafted by Integrity Initiatives International, a non-profit organization working to support and advance anti-corruption efforts including the IACC.

Many more prominent leaders continue to sign the Declaration in support of the IACC. In May 2022, Integrity Initiatives International announced that the Declaration has now been signed by nearly 300 eminent individuals from over 80 countries, including 32 Nobel laureates and 45 former presidents and prime ministers.

Supporters include Gordon Brown, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who published an op-ed in March 2022 titled "An international anti-corruption court would bring Putin to justice". The Declaration in support of the IACC has also been signed by José Ramos-Horta, current president of Timor-Leste.

For the 2021 parliamentary elections in Canada, the platforms of both the Liberal and Conservative parties included support for the IACC. At the Summit for Democracy convened by President Biden in December 2021, Canada committed to convening "a national high level, multi-sectoral roundtable to explore options to strengthen the international legal framework and architecture to combat corruption globally." Also in December 2021, supporting the creation of the IACC became an official foreign policy of Canada when the new Canadian Foreign Minister was given the mandate to "\[work\] with international partners to help establish an International Anti-Corruption Court, to prevent corrupt officials and authoritarian governments from impeding development that should benefit their citizens."

In April 2022, Dutch Foreign Minister Wopke Hoekstra announced his commitment to work towards establishing an International Anti-Corruption Court and asked his European Union counterparts to join this effort. Integrity Initiatives International is working with partners in Canada and the Netherlands to assist the foreign ministries in this endeavor.

There is also high-level interest in the IACC in Colombia, which was the first country to endorse the IACC, Moldova, Spain, and Sweden, among other countries. A growing coalition of civil society networks in many countries, including Chile, Colombia, Nigeria, North Macedonia, South Korea, and Zambia, are now urging their governments to support the creation of the IACC.

The campaign to establish the IACC is emulating other successful civil society-led international campaigns, such as International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). The International Coordinating Committee for the IACC campaign, which is staffed by Integrity Initiatives International, is building a global coalition of civil society organizations to advocate for the IACC.

## Criticisms

In a report published by The Heritage Foundation in October 2014, "Why the U.S. Should Oppose the Creation of an International Anti-Corruption Court," Brett D. Schaefer, Steven Groves, and James M. Roberts outlined a number of arguments against the establishment of an International Anti-Corruption Court.

In a post for the Global Anticorruption Blog titled, "Is an International Anti-Corruption Court a Dream or a Distraction?" Matthew Stephenson argued that the IACC was idealistic. In a U4 Brief, he and Sofie Arjon Schütte questioned whether the IACC would divert resources away from other, more effective, ways of combatting grand corruption.

## Select Speeches and Publications


title: Rakha Mines

abstract: Rakha Mines are copper mines situated near Jamshedpur in Jharkhand state of India. There is also another copper mine nearby called Kendadih copper mines and refineries at Indian Copper Complex at Ghatshila.

text:
# Rakha Mines

**Rakha Mines** are copper mines situated near Jamshedpur in Jharkhand state of India. There is also another copper mine nearby called Kendadih copper mines and refineries at Indian Copper Complex at Ghatshila.

## Location and transportation

The nearest airport and big town is Jamshedpur. There is a railway station for the mines, in the same name as Rakha Mines Railway Station, on the Tatanagar-Kharagpur railway line. The station code is RHE. This station is also the nearest railway link to nearby Jaduguda Uranium mines at Jadugora.

## History

The first industrial copper mining started at Rakha Mines by a British firm in 1900. After independence the mines were nationalized and are presently being run by a Government of India undertaking, Hindustan Copper Limited, which was formed in 1967. The name Rakha was put upon the name of *Mr. Rakhal Chandra Bhakat*. He came from a small Village called *Swaspur*. The whole area in which the mines, colony and mill were constructed belongs to him.

22°38′N 86°22′E / 22.633°N 86.367°E / 22.633; 86.367


title: Hadi Teherani

abstract: Hadi Teherani is an Iranian-German architect and designer who lives in Hamburg, Germany.

text:
# Hadi Teherani

**Hadi Teherani** (born 2 February 1954) is an Iranian-German architect and designer who lives in Hamburg, Germany.

## Biography

Hadi Teherani was born in Tehran, Iran, and moved to Germany with his family when he was 6 years old. He did his school in Hamburg and continued his study in Architecture at Braunschweig University of Technology from 1977 to 1984. He taught from 1989 to 1991 at Aachen’s Technical University. He began his career as a fashion designer in Cologne before starting as a professional architect. He founded the architecture office BRT with his colleagues Bothe, Richter in 1991 additionally, he founded the design company under his own name, Hadi Teherani AG, in 2003 for his designing plans and ideas. He is a member of the Free Academy of Arts Hamburg (in German: Freien Akademie der Künste Hamburg) since 1999. Hadi Teherani also runs his own business branches in Moscow, Dubai, Bangalore and Abu Dhabi. He is the part of the jury members of Design Educates Awards in Germany.

## Works and philosophy

In order to achieve other sources of income and success, Hadi Teherani works not only as an architect but also in the area of product and interior design. Not only the architectural space is his goal, but the dense atmospheric, until all equipment details harmoniously designed, sensually perceivable space. In cooperation with various manufacturers Teherani furnishings, textile coverings or wall surfaces realized for its buildings due to his architectural language.

The catalog of the designer Hadi Teherani ranges from office chair range ("Silver" / Interstuhl 262S office swivel chair 2004), more seating, sideboards, a mobile office module, lights, door and window fittings, various rug collections, wallpaper and sanitary objects down to the kitchen (+ ARTESIO / Poggenpohl 2010) and a bicycle (e-bike Teherani Hadi, 2011). One of the key factors in the success of Teherani, is the abundant use of glass in buildings and his designs. In the majority of his works we can see glasses as the main factor from the floor to ceiling, because he believes that three factors are very important in the structure: light, air and the view of the room. He tries by using the glass bring the building up to the highest standards.

About the philosophy of his works he believes: “I was consistently confronted with the holistic challenge to exceed the boundaries of design. Architecture provides the basic foundation for a spatial idea. Only the complex implementation of a design idea from the smallest details, to the establishment of emotionally attuned space or the identities of entire companies, can solve the great task of realising a comprehensive design concept…”. Many products and projects of Hadi Teherani Design AG have been nominated and received numerous awards such as FIABCI Award, MIPIM Awards 2003, 2007 to 2009, 2014 LEAF Award, CityScape Award and ARX Award.

Beside interest of designing large structures and buildings Teherani also designs everyday life items, from furniture to small items.

## Structures

Following is a list of structures which have been designed by Teherani:

1. "Biografie Hadi Teherani" (in German). Who's Who. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
2. "Design Educates Awards 2021 :: AKICHIATLAS.com". *akichiatlas.com*. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
3. "The "Group Principle"". Retrieved 2014-09-07.
4. "Hadi Teherani AG". architonic.com. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
5. "Philosophy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-07. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
6. "Map of Architecture | Europa-Passage". *www.mapofarchitecture.com*. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
7. "Zayed University by Hadi Teherani".
8. "Dancing Towers by Carpet Concept | Manufacturer references". *Architonic*. Retrieved 2023-09-15.

## InfoBox

| Hadi Teherani | |
| --- | --- |
| Teherani in 2011 | |
| Born | (1954-02-02) February 2, 1954<br>Tehran, Imperial State of Iran |


title: The Moon Is Not Blue

abstract: "The Moon Is Not Blue" was the 248th episode of the M*A*S*H television series, and the eighth of season eleven. The episode aired on December 13, 1982 on CBS.

text:
# The Moon Is Not Blue

"**The Moon Is Not Blue**" was the 248th episode of the *M\*A\*S\*H* television series, and the eighth of season eleven. The episode aired on December 13, 1982 on CBS.

## Plot

Everyone is frustrated by the unrelenting hot weather, and Hawkeye and B.J. are bored with the movies the unit is sent. After reading about a newly released movie *The Moon Is Blue* and its supposedly salacious content in a Boston newspaper, they decide it's the movie they want sent to the camp. They are determined to get their hands on this film, despite being warned not to get their expectations up by Charles Winchester, who tells them not to put too much stock in the fact that the film is "Banned in Boston" because Boston would ban Pinocchio. They attempt to pull strings with the delivery driver, Corporal Bannister, in exchange for pills (placebos sent to the hospital in error) to help him control his nerves in advance of a date. He leads them to Major Frankenheimer, who agrees to send the movie if Hawkeye and B.J. can get hold of a copy on his behalf. When the movie arrives, Frankenheimer goes against his word and schedules the movie to be sent to his "A-list" first. Bannister helps them by switching labels on the movie can with *State Fair,* only to have the switch backfire when their request for the film is approved and *State Fair* is sent to camp.

Some weeks later, *The Moon Is Blue* arrives at the camp and is screened to a full house. Hawkeye and B.J. are disappointed by its lack of promised sexually explicit content. Hawkeye declares that he's never seen a cleaner movie in his life. Father Mulcahy points out that "One of the actors did say 'virgin'", to which Hawkeye replies, exasperated, "That's because everyone was!"

## Historical notes

Ingo Preminger, producer of the theatrical version of *MASH*, is the brother of Otto Preminger, director of *The Moon Is Blue*.

*The Moon is Blue* was released in the USA on July 8, 1953, only nineteen days before the armistice for the Korean War was signed. The episode plot suggests the action took place over a considerably longer time, and there is no mention of the end of the war being in sight.

Harry Morgan, who played Colonel Potter on *M\*A\*S\*H*, has a small role early in the film *State Fair* as a ring-toss operator.

*High Noon* was a 1952 movie with Gary Cooper and would have been a year old when *The Moon is Blue* was released.

Hawkeye's "revenuers" comment, after the still is confiscated, refers to the U.S. Prohibition agents who worked indirectly for the United States Bureau of Internal Revenue, a plot common to the 1950s Appalachian-themed cartoon comics, Li'l Abner, and Barney Google and Snuffy Smith.

Busby Berkeley was a choreographer and movie director in the early to mid 20th Century. Hawkeye references him when he sees all the movie posters in Frankenheimer's office.

## InfoBox

| "**The Moon Is Not Blue**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *M\*A\*S\*H* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 11
Episode 8 |
| Directed by | Charles S. Dubin |
| Written by | Larry Balmagia |
| Production code | 1G20 |
| Original air date | December 13, 1982 (1982-12-13) |
| Guest appearances | |
| Hamilton Camp
Sandy Helberg
Larry Ward | |
|
|


title: Josef Kamper

abstract: Josef Kamper was an international motorcycle speedway rider from Austria. He was a member of the Austria national speedway team.

text:
# Josef Kamper

**Josef Kamper** (3 April 1925 – 2 February 1984) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from Austria. He was a member of the Austria national speedway team.

## Speedway career

He rode for the first time during the Spring of 1940 but then became an aircraft manufacturer during World War II.

Kamper was a five times champion of Austria after winning the Austrian Individual Speedway Championship in 1953, 1955, 1957, 1958 and 1959.

## InfoBox

Josef Kamper
| Born | 3 April 1925 (1925-04-03)
Prellenkirchen, Austria |
| --- | --- |
| Died | 2 February 1984(1984-02-02) (aged 58)
Donnerskirchen, Austria |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Individual honours | |
| 1953, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959 | Austrian Champion |
|  | |


title: IfIHadAHiFi

abstract: IfIHadAHiFi is a noise rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The group originally formed in Central Wisconsin in 2000, following the breakup of the band The Pop Machine. Following the style of the band's name, each member took a palindrome as a pseudonym: DrAwkward (drums), MrAlarm and YaleDelay (guitar). All three founding members share vocals. Shortly after forming, they expanded to a quartet with the addition of their first fourth member NoiseLesion. In 2001, shortly after the release of their first album Ones and Zeroes NoiseLesion was replaced by RenoLoner who played on No More Music (2004) and Hot Nuggets (2006). In 2007, RenoLoner was replaced by RevEver playing on Fame By Proxy (2008), Nada Surf (2012), Songs From Sexy Results: Cedar Block's Dig for the Higgs and How the Quest Was Won (2012), and We're Never Going Home (2019).

text:
# IfIHadAHiFi

**IfIHadAHiFi** is a noise rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The group originally formed in Central Wisconsin in 2000, following the breakup of the band The Pop Machine. Following the style of the band's name, each member took a palindrome as a pseudonym: DrAwkward (drums), MrAlarm (bass, synthesizer, guitar) and YaleDelay (guitar). All three founding members share vocals.

Shortly after forming, they expanded to a quartet with the addition of their first fourth member NoiseLesion (synthesizer, keyboards, sampling). In 2001, shortly after the release of their first album *Ones and Zeroes* NoiseLesion was replaced by RenoLoner (synthesizer, guitar) who played on *No More Music* (2004) and *Hot Nuggets* (2006). In 2007, RenoLoner was replaced by RevEver (synthesizer, guitar, keyboards, bass) playing on *Fame By Proxy* (2008), *Nada Surf* (2012), *Songs From Sexy Results: Cedar Block's Dig for the Higgs and How the Quest Was Won* (2012), and *We're Never Going Home* (2019).

## History

In 2001, IfIHadAHiFi released *Ones and Zeroes*, their debut album, on Milwaukee's No Karma Records. The album was reviewed favorably in *Pitchfork*, *Milk Magazine*, *Splendid* and *Slide the Needle*. It was after this album that NoiseLesion left the band and RenoLoner joined the group. Shortly afterwards, the group began regularly touring the US.

Their second album, *No More Music*, was released on No Karma in 2004. It received strong reviews from *Rockpile*, *Read Magazine* (where it was an Editor's Pick), *Devil in the Woods*, *Skyscraper*, and *Splendid*. Following *No More Music*, *Alternative Press* named IfIHadAHiFi as one of their "Bands You Need to Know" in 2005.

Crustacean Records released *Hot Nuggets!*, an IfIHadAHiFi/Modern Machines split CD/LP, in 2006. Each band performed six songs – one new song, one cover of the other band, and four additional covers.

In 2007, RenoLoner was replaced by RevEver and the group started work on a planned EP, *Tragedy Breeds Success*, throughout 2006 and 2007, but these recordings were shelved in favor of a new album. *Fame By Proxy* was recorded in late 2007 and released the following year on Latest Flame Records.

While writing new material, the band learned that Nada Surf had named their next album *If I Had a Hi-Fi*; in return, IfIHadAHiFi announced that their next album, planned for 2011 but finally released in January 2012, would be titled *Nada Surf*.

At Die Kreuzen's 2011 induction into the Wisconsin Area Music Industry (WAMI) Hall of Fame, they cited IfIHadAHiFi as a current band that they thought "should be in consideration for a WAMI."

During the massive Madison protests against Wisconsin governor Scott Walker, the band quickly released a single titled "Imperial Walker," with all proceeds from the sale going to benefit Progressives United.

IfIHadAHiFi was prominently featured in the Cedar Block show *Sexy Results: Cedar Block's Dig for the Higgs and How the Quest Was Won*, for which they composed and performed six brand-new songs. The songs were also recorded and released as a digital download, as well as a handful of hand-dubbed cassette tapes.

The band released *We're Never Going Home* in 2019 and won a WAMI award in response to it as "Punk Artist" of the year by the Wisconsin Area Music Industry. They had accepted an invitation to play the WAMI Awards ceremony, but the ceremony was cancelled and the winners were not announced until 18 months later.

## Discography

*Ones and Zeroes* (No Karma Recordings, June 2001)
*No More Music* (Contraphonic / No Karma Recordings, March 2004)
*Hot Nuggets!* Split LP with the Modern Machines (Crustacean Records, April 2006)
*Fame by Proxy* (Latest Flame Records, September 2008)
*Nada Surf EP+3* (Latest Flame Records, January 2012)
*Songs from Sexy Results: Cedar Block's Dig for the Higgs and How the Quest Was Won* EP (February 2012)
*We're Never Going Home* (May 2019)

## InfoBox

| IfIHadAHifi | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Labels | Latest Flame, No Karma |
|  | |
| Members | Dr. Awkward
Mr. Alarm
Yale Delay
Rev. Ever (2007–present) |
|  | |
| Past members | Noise Lesion (2000–2001)
Reno Loner (2001–2007) |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: Neville Keery

abstract: Neville Keery is a writer and activist and has had a career as a journalist, administrative officer, senator, and European Commission official.

text:
# Neville Keery

**Neville Keery** (born 5 May 1939) is a writer and activist and has had a career as a journalist, administrative officer, senator, and European Commission official.

## Early and personal life

Keery was born in Dublin, Ireland, and educated at St Andrew's College, Dublin, and in 1957 he entered Trinity College Dublin to take a four-year honours degree in philosophy (Mental and Moral Science). He also took a two-year evening course leading to a diploma in public administration. Academically, he was a prizewinner and scholar. He also wrote for the newspaper *Trinity News,* and became the leading university debater, awarded the gold and silver medals of the College Historical Society. He was the only Irish finalist in the *Observer Mace* debating competition for British and Irish Universities in 1960. On graduation in 1961 he became an editorial trainee in the north of England with Westminster Press Provincial Newspapers Limited.

In 1967 he married Anne Moran (d. 2012) and they had two children. He married for a second time in 2019. His wife is the poet and novelist Pauline Hall.

## Career

In 1964 Keery returned to Dublin as an Administrative Officer in the Institute of Public Administration. He became an active member of Fianna Fáil, then led by Taoiseach Seán Lemass, and of the Irish Film Society. In 1965 he moved to Trinity College Dublin (TCD) to become Assistant Careers and Appointments officer. In 1967 he was promoted to Assistant Secretary of TCD, was conferred with the university's MA degree, and ran unsuccessfully as a Fianna Fáil local election candidate.

Living in the Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown constituency, in 1968 he was elected constituency delegate to the Fianna Fáil National Executive. He was appointed a member of the National Savings Committee.

He stood unsuccessfully at the 1969 general election as a Fianna Fáil candidate. Following the election he was nominated to Seanad Éireann by the Taoiseach Jack Lynch in August 1969. He became an active full-time Senator and took leave of absence from TCD.

During his senate term, Keery made a notable contribution to international and European affairs. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Irish Council of the European Movement, a council member of the Institute of Public Administration, a committee member of the Irish United Nations Association, and a participant in a United Nations Regional Seminar (France) and Wilton Park Conferences (UK). He served as a Trustee of the Irish Family Planning Association and of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Ireland.

In 1972 Keery was appointed to Fianna Fáil headquarters as Research Officer and Secretary to the *Into Europe*, *Article 44* and *Votes at 18* referendum campaigns. He unsuccessfully contested the 1973 general election, he was acting director of the Irish Council of the European Movement before his recruitment to the European Commission as Principal Administrator and deputy head and Press Officer of the Commission's Dublin Office. In 1974 he was seconded as Deputy Chef de Cabinet in the office of Patrick Hillery, vice-president of the European Commission, and moved with his family to Brussels. In 1976 Neville and Anne Keery joined the Belgium Monthly Meeting of the Quakers.

In 1977 Keery returned to his Dublin Commission post. He became an Extern Examiner for the degree programme in European Studies of the National Institute for Higher Education, Limerick until 1981.

Following an invitation to join the European Commission's spokesperson's group, Keery moved on a permanent basis to Brussels in 1982. He had become a founder member of the Quaker Council for European Affairs in 1978 and went on a short-term secondment as a cabinet member in the Office of Commissioner Richard Burke. Following completion of a post-graduate course in economics, he was conferred with the degree MSc (Econ.) at TCD in 1981.

While in Brussels from 1982 to his retirement in 2001, Keery had two professional promotions, moving from the spokesperson's service to the Directorate-General for Education and Culture, where his final promotion was to head of Division (Libraries) in 1993. Throughout this period he was involved in a wide range of administrative projects, including the creation of the spokesperson's database, RAPID, the production of a film about the spokesperson's service, the organisation of an Assises Europennes de la Presse (Luxembourg 1991), and the development of EUROLIB, the group of EU institution libraries.

Keery's papers are archived in the Boole Library of University College Cork.

## Other interests

His short film on the Irish painter Pat Harris was shown at the UNESCO International Festival of Art Films in 1990 and he was conferred with an MA degree in Film Studies by University College Dublin in 2004. Three collections of poetry have been published by Hinds Publishing, *Turnings* (1999), *Home* (2008), and *Memoir* (2017).

## InfoBox

| Neville Keery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senator | |
| **In office**
5 November 1969  1 June 1973 | |
| Constituency | Nominated by the Taoiseach |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1939-05-05) 5 May 1939
Dublin, Ireland |
| Political party | Fianna Fáil |
| Spouses | * Anne Moran  (m. 1967; died 2012) * Pauline Hall (m. 2019) |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | St Andrew's College, Dublin |
| Alma mater | Trinity College Dublin |
|  | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 1212, adopted on 25 November 1998, after recalling all relevant resolutions on Haiti including Resolution 1141 (1997), the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) for an additional year. The security council noted that the United Nations Civilian Police, the International Civilian Mission and the United Nations Development Programme had played a key role in Haiti by helping to build a police force and restore democracy and justice. In this regard, it welcomed the continued professionalisation of the Haitian National Police and the progress made towards the "Haitian National Police development plan for 1997–2001". The council stressed the link between peace and development, noting that international assistance is essential for long term peace in the country. There was concern therefore that the political standstill could pose a risk to the peace process. The importance of a functioning police force was highlighted and the mandate of MIPONUH was extended at the request of the Haitian government. It was not to be extended beyond 30 November 1999 and the secretary-general was requested to report on the mission every three months. Furthermore, continued assistance by the international community, including United Nations Economic and Social Council, was necessary. Finally, Haitian political leaders were urged to negotiate an end to the political crisis and reform the justice system, particularly its prisons. Resolution 1212 was adopted by 13 votes to none against and two abstentions from China and Russia. China's proposals for an appropriate extension of the mandate were not accepted and Russia was concerned that the United Nations presence in Haiti had been extended several times, noting that it would not enhance the council's authority or confidence in its decisions.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1212

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1212**, adopted on 25 November 1998, after recalling all relevant resolutions on Haiti including Resolution 1141 (1997), the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) for an additional year.

The security council noted that the United Nations Civilian Police, the International Civilian Mission and the United Nations Development Programme had played a key role in Haiti by helping to build a police force and restore democracy and justice. In this regard, it welcomed the continued professionalisation of the Haitian National Police and the progress made towards the "Haitian National Police development plan for 1997–2001". The council stressed the link between peace and development, noting that international assistance is essential for long term peace in the country. There was concern therefore that the political standstill could pose a risk to the peace process.

The importance of a functioning police force was highlighted and the mandate of MIPONUH was extended at the request of the Haitian government. It was not to be extended beyond 30 November 1999 and the secretary-general was requested to report on the mission every three months. Furthermore, continued assistance by the international community, including United Nations Economic and Social Council, was necessary. Finally, Haitian political leaders were urged to negotiate an end to the political crisis and reform the justice system, particularly its prisons.

Resolution 1212 was adopted by 13 votes to none against and two abstentions from China and Russia. China's proposals for an appropriate extension of the mandate were not accepted and Russia was concerned that the United Nations presence in Haiti had been extended several times, noting that it would not enhance the council's authority or confidence in its decisions.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1212 | |
| --- | --- |
| Haiti | |
| Date | 25 November 1998 |
| Meeting no. | 3,949 |
| Code | S/RES/1212 (Document) |
| Subject | **The question concerning Haiti** |
| Voting summary | * **13 voted for** * **None voted against** * **2 abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |