title: Harley Venton

abstract: Harley Venton is a Canadian-born American television, film, and Broadway actor.

text:
# Harley Venton

**Harley Venton** (born December 28, 1952) is a Canadian-born American television, film, and Broadway actor.

## Career

### Film and television

After graduating from the University of North Dakota and the University of Minnesota, Venton moved to New York City, where he first became known for playing the role of attorney Derek Colby on the long running CBS soap opera, *Guiding Light* from 1980 to 1982.

In 1983, Venton relocated to California permanently, and shortly thereafter, began making frequent appearances on episodic television programs.

In 1983, ABC expressed interest in Venton for the role of David Addison on the comedy-drama series *Moonlighting*. Venton screen-tested for the role of Addison in September 1984. Cybill Shepherd wanted Venton to play Addison, but producer Glenn Gordon Caron ultimately gave the role to Bruce Willis. Venton's audition can be seen as a bonus included in the *Moonlighting* DVD box collection and on Youtube. He would later appear alongside Shepherd in an episode of her 90's sitcom, *Cybill*, playing Dennis Oliver, an actor she goes on a date with to the Oscars who gets her caught up in a scandal (season 2, Episode 5: "Cybill's Fifteen Minutes").

He has appeared on *Kate & Allie*, *Murphy Brown*, *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, *Murder, She Wrote*, *Models, Inc.,* *The Practice*, *Seinfeld* (Dan in the Season 3 episode "The Limo") *Double Rush*, *Who's the Boss?*, *Law & Order* (Episode "Thin Ice"), and *Ellen* (playing the eponymous character in the Season 2 episode "The Dentist"), among other series.

In 1990, Venton was cast in a starring role in *Blood Ties*, a 2-hour pilot movie for the then-fledgling Fox Network; although the program was not picked up by the network, it did air the pilot as a made-for-TV movie presentation in 1991.

His film roles include *Sleeping with the Enemy* (1991), *Clear and Present Danger* (1994), *World Upon Her Shoulder* (1998), and *Falling Like This* (2001).

### Theatre

From 1981 to 1983, while still appearing on *Guiding Light,* he was also a standby in the original Broadway production of *Crimes of the Heart*.

He would later have a starring role in the Ambassador Theatre production of *The Circle* in 1989 and 1990, also starring Glynis Johns, Rex Harrison, and Stewart Granger.

He appeared Off-Broadway in 1991 in Douglas Carter Beane's *Advice from a Caterpillar*.

## Personal life

In 2014, Venton married his current wife, Ann; he resides in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

## Partial filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *Sleeping with the Enemy* | Garber |  |
| 1994 | *Clear and Present Danger* | DEA Agent #1 |  |
| 2011 | *Falling Like This* | Jack Lockhart |  |

## InfoBox

| Harley Venton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1952-11-11) November 11, 1952<br>Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1980–2002 |


title: Intelsat 3R

abstract: Intelsat 3R is a communications satellite serving the Americas market. It is owned by Intelsat and located at 43° West longitude.

text:
# Intelsat 3R

**Intelsat 3R** (formerly **PAS-3R**) is a communications satellite serving the Americas market. It is owned by Intelsat and located at 43° West longitude.

## Satellite description

Hughes Aircraft Corporation constructed the satellite based on the HS-601 satellite bus, having a mass at launch of 2,920 kg (6,440 lb), which decreased to around 1,727 kg (3,807 lb) when it was operational.

The spacecraft had 20 C-band and 20 Ku-band transponders. Its two solar panels spanned 26 m (85 ft) and generated 4.7 kW of power when the spacecraft first entered service. The power was expected to drop to around 4.3 kW by the end of the vehicle's operational life, i.e., 15 years.

## Launch

Arianespace launched PAS-3R using an Ariane 4 launch vehicle, flight number V82, in the Ariane 44L H10-3 configuration. The launch occurred on 12 January 1996 at 23:10:00 UTC from ELA-2 at the Centre Spatial Guyanais, at Kourou in French Guiana.

## Intelsat 3R

**Intelsat 3R** was launched in January 1996 and operated by PanAmSat until it merged with Intelsat in 2006. The spacecraft and the rest of PanAmSat's fleet were renamed on 1 February 2007.

## Decommissioning

Intelsat 3R was removed from geostationary orbit in August 2011 and was placed into graveyard orbit.

## InfoBox

Intelsat 3R
| Names | PAS-3R
PANAMSAT 3R
IS-3R
Panamsat K4 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mission type | Communications |
| Operator | PanAmSat (1996-2006)
Intelsat (2006-2011) |
| COSPAR ID | 1996-002A |
| SATCAT no. | 23764 |
| Website | http://www.intelsat.com |
| Mission duration | 15 years (planned)
15 years (achieved) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Boeimg 601 |
| Bus | HS-601 |
| Manufacturer | Hughes |
| Launch mass | 2,920 kg (6,440 lb) |
| Dry mass | 1,727 kg (3,807 lb) |
| Power | 4.3 kW |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 12 January 1996, 23:10:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Ariane 44L H10-3 (V82) |
| Launch site | Centre Spatial Guyanais, ELA-2 |
| Contractor | Arianespace |
| Entered service | March 1996 |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Graveyard orbit |
| Deactivated | August 2011 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Geostationary orbit |
| Longitude | 43° West (1996-2010)
81° West (2010-2011) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Transponders | |
| Band | 40 transponders:
20 C-band
20 Ku-band |
| Coverage area | Americas, Caribbean, Europe, Africa |
|  | |
| PanAmSat constellation | |


title: Royal Marines Memorial

abstract: The Royal Marines Memorial, also known as the Graspan Royal Marines Memorial, is an outdoor bronze sculpture by Adrian Jones, installed on the north side of The Mall in London, United Kingdom. Located next to Admiralty Arch, the 1903 memorial commemorates the Royal Marines who died in the Boxer Rebellion in China and the Second Boer War in Africa, and depicts two figures on a Portland stone plinth. It is named after the Battle of Graspan, in which the Royal Marines participated in.

text:
# Royal Marines Memorial

The **Royal Marines Memorial**, also known as the **Graspan Royal Marines Memorial**, is an outdoor bronze sculpture by Adrian Jones, installed on the north side of The Mall in London, United Kingdom. Located next to Admiralty Arch, the 1903 memorial commemorates the Royal Marines who died in the Boxer Rebellion in China and the Second Boer War in Africa, and depicts two figures on a Portland stone plinth. It is named after the Battle of Graspan, in which the Royal Marines participated in.

## Description

The memorial features two bronze figures on a Portland stone plinth. Brass lettering laid in the ground around it reads: "This memorial was rededicated in October 2000 in honour of all Royal Marines who have served their country by land and sea and who are forever remembered by their friends." The base includes bronze plaques by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson depicting the conflicts and Roll of Honour of the two conflicts.

A brass plaque on the front of the plinth contains the inscription, "Erected by the officers and men of the Royal Marines in memory of their comrades who were killed in action or died of wounds or disease in South Africa and China, 1899–1900." Bronze reliefs on the plinth's sides depict the Repulse of the Chinese attack on the Peking legation and the conflict at Graspan. One side contains the inscription, "Adrian Jones 1902"; the other side may contain the same inscription, but the text is much less legible. A brass plaque on the plinth's back displays the names of 70 men who died in either conflict.

## History

In 1940, it was put in storage during construction of The Citadel. It was relocated to its present position in 1948. In 2000 the sculpture was rededicated as the national monument for the Royal Marines. It was unveiled by the Duke of Edinburgh, the Captain General of the Marines. The memorial became the focus of the annual Graspan Parade and is maintained by The Royal Parks.

## InfoBox

| Royal Marines Memorial | |
| --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | |
| The memorial in 2010 | |
| For Royal Marines who died in the Boxer Rebellion and Second Boer War | |
| Established | 1903 (1903) |
| Location | 51°30′24″N 0°07′46″W / 51.506538°N 0.129532°W / 51.506538; -0.129532<br>The Mall, London |
| Designed by | Adrian Jones |


title: Gounli

abstract: Gounli is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Cové. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 4,334.

text:
# Gounli

**Gounli** is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Cové. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 4,334.

7°18′21″N 2°15′31″E / 7.3059°N 2.2587°E / 7.3059; 2.2587

## InfoBox

| Gounli | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Zou Department |
| Commune | Cové |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 4,334 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: Kathleen Gilje

abstract: Kathleen Gilje is an American art restorer and artist. She is best known for her appropriations of Old Master Paintings which combine their historical provenance with contemporary ideas and perspective.

text:
# Kathleen Gilje

**Kathleen Gilje** (born 1945) is an American art restorer and artist. She is best known for her appropriations of Old Master Paintings which combine their historical provenance with contemporary ideas and perspective.

## Early life and education

Gilje was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. She received her BFA from the City College of New York and trained as a conservator from 1967 to 1971 at the Museo di Capodimonte in Naples, Italy. Gilje apprenticed in Rome with the restorer of antique paintings, Antonio deMata, from 1966 to 1968. Gilje continued her apprenticeship from 1968 to 1972 at the Museum of Capodimonte in Naples.

## Career

### Restoration

In 1973, she returned to New York and worked in the conservation studio of Marco Grassi, where she restored Old Master paintings for private and museum clients, including Stanley Moss, E.V. Thaw, Robert Dance, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Norton Simon Collection in Pasadena, and the Thyssen Bornemizsa Collection. In 1976, she opened her own studio. During this period, she also created artistic works, initially relief sculpture and then painting which was exhibited in various SoHo galleries. Gilje began to combine her knowledge of conservation with her own paintings in the early 1990s.

### Revised and Restored

***La Donna Velata***

In 1995, Kathleen Gilje created La Donna Velata, Restored oil on canvas. The painting formed from Raphael's La Donna Veleta (1516) is one of three portraits of his lifelong Roman mistress Margarita Luti. Contrary to Raphael's painting which captivates its well-balanced composition, through the opulent white and gold gown, and sheer veil framing the woman's face, Gilje's version is staggeringly different by adding a black eye to the woman's gentle face as a bold representation of the timelessness of gender, power, and, violence against women. Gilje explains with La Donna Velata, Restored she was moved by a story from her daughter telling her how a classmate was killed by her father and then later a book which showed a picture of the victim. Most of the time when she addresses important issues in her art they are individual incidents. Each of the pieces Gilje creates is prompted by an individual story, not an agenda.

### Alternative readings

In her paintings, drawings and installations, Gilje applies an art historical analysis and uses methodologies of conservation to create altered versions of familiar paintings which suggest alternative interpretations of the original artworks. In this way, she encourages her audience to think about a work of art on several levels: its material and historical narrative. An example of this is Rembrandt's *Danaë* defaced by a vandal with acid in the Hermitage, its contemporary symbolism translated into up-to-date equivalents; another is Caravaggio's *Boy Bitten by a Lizard, Restored,* 1992, where the lizard is replaced by a syringe, suggesting a link to the risk of AIDS.

Many of her paintings engage with feminist issues, although they are sometimes controversial (as in her series of "Sargent's Women," portraying 48 women visually excised from paintings by John Singer Sargent, all rendered without their luxurious clothing). In *Susanna and the Elders, Restored,* 1998, Gilje exhibits a recreation of Artemisia Gentileschi's *Susanna and the Elders* (a story of sexual abuse) hanging next to an x-ray of the painting. When Gilje recreated Gentileschi's painting, she made an underpainting in lead white (lead white x-rays well) of Gentileschi's own rape by Agostino Tassi. In the x-ray we see Gentileschi's arm extended holding a knife in self-defense and her face contorted and screaming. The image can faintly be seen in the pentimento as well. Her references are provocative as she addresses timely social, political and personal concerns.

### Portraits

Gilje created a number of portraits in which her subjects were placed in the context of an historic painting of their choice; these were displayed in her exhibition *Curators and Connoisseur* at Francis M. Naumann Fine Art, New York, in 2006. For example, art historian Linda Nochlin chose Édouard Manet's 1882 *Bar at the Folies Bergère* for Gilje's *Linda Nochlin at the Bar at the Folies Bergere*, 2006, and art historian Robert Rosenblum chose Ingres’ 1823/26 *Comte de Pastoret* for his Gilje portrait of 2005.

## Exhibitions and recognition

Over the course of the past twenty years, her work has been shown in various exhibitions throughout the United States and in Europe. Several critics and art historians have written about her work, including Robert Rosenblum, Linda Nochlin and John Yau.

Gilje's work is in the collection of several museums, including the Weatherspoon Museum, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C., Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, The National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., Musée Ingres, Louvre Museum, Montauban, France, Bass Museum, Miami, Florida, the Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, Addison Gallery of American Art and Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts.

## Further reading

* Lilly Wei. Review, *ARTnews*, November 2013.
* Schwendener, Martha (29 June 2013). "Masterpieces, Revised by a Playful Restorer". *The New York Times*.
* *Revised & Restored: The Art of Kathleen Gilje*. Bruce Museum. 2013. ISBN 978-0-9859409-0-4.
* *Women Artists: The Linda Nochlin Reader*, edited by Maura Reilley (New York: Thames & Hudson, 2015). ISBN 0500239290, 9780500239292
* Dimitri Salmon, "Qui Sont Les Ingristes d’Aujourd’hui?," *Grande Galerie: Le Journal du Louvre*, June 2009.
* Molly Birnbaum, "Sargent Takeoffs Take Ie," *ARTnews*, June 2009.
* Linda Nochlin, “Seeing Beneath the Surface,” *Art in America* (March 2002): pp. 119–121.
* Mieke Bal, “Traumkunst, Musicians, Restored,” *Kulturanalyse* (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag 2002: pp 198–200. ISBN 3-518-58354-9
* Stanley Fish, “Postmodern Warfare,” *Harper’s Magazine* (illustration by K. Gilje), July 2002, p. 90.
* Wendy Steiner, “Lost in Amazonia,” *The Nation*, May 15, 2000. (found online 3/1/2015)
* Michael Kimmelman, “Kathleen Gilje at Bravin Post Lee," *The New York Times*, September 13, 1996.
* Silk, Gerald (September 1995). "Reframes and Refrains Artists Rethink Art History". *Art Journal*. **54** (3): 10–19. doi:10.1080/00043249.1995.10791701.
* Haden-Guest, Anthony, "Judging Yourself," *Financial Times*, New York, April 16, 2006.
* Salmon, Dimitri, "Qui sont les Ingristes d'jourd'hui," *Le Journal du Louvre*, June 2009.


title: Tick Hall

abstract: Tick Hall was a historic house in Montauk, New York, originally built by Stanford White. It burnt down in 1997, with only the chimney left standing, and rebuilt by its owner Dick Cavett. It was reconstructed without written plans or formal architectural photos. A documentary film about the rebuilding was directed by Scott Morris, called From The Ashes: The Life and Times of Tick Hall. It aired in 2003. Tick Hall was one of a group of seven houses designed by the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White in 1879. The entire district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

text:
# Tick Hall

**Tick Hall** was a historic house in Montauk, New York, originally built by Stanford White. It burnt down in 1997, with only the chimney left standing, and rebuilt by its owner Dick Cavett. It was reconstructed without written plans or formal architectural photos.

A documentary film about the rebuilding was directed by Scott Morris, called *From The Ashes: The Life and Times of Tick Hall*. It aired in 2003. Tick Hall was one of a group of seven houses designed by the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White in 1879. The entire district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.


title: Helleriella

abstract:
Helleriella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, native to Mexico and Central America.
  - Helleriella guerrerensis Dressler & Hágsater - Guerrero
  - Helleriella nicaraguensis A.D.Hawkes - Alex Drum Hawkes - from Chiapas to Panama

text:
# Helleriella

***Helleriella*** is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, native to Mexico and Central America.

* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (1999). Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2001). Genera Orchidacearum 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2003). Genera Orchidacearum 3. Oxford Univ. Press
* Berg Pana, H. 2005. *Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee*. Ulmer, Stuttgart

## InfoBox

| *Helleriella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Epidendreae |
| Subtribe: | Ponerinae |
| Genus: | *Helleriella*<br>A.D.Hawkes |
|


title: HMS Smiter (P272)

abstract: HMS Smiter is an Archer-class patrol and training vessel of the Royal Navy.

text:
# HMS Smiter (P272)

**HMS *Smiter*** is an *Archer*-class patrol and training vessel of the Royal Navy.

## Operational history

Upon being accepted into service, she initially served with the Clyde Division of the Royal Naval Reserve until 11 October 1990. She then transferred to the University Royal Naval Unit (URNU) of Glasgow. In September 2012, she became the training vessel of the Oxford University Royal Naval Unit. She replaced HMS *Tracker* in this role, which transferred to the Faslane Force Protection Squadron.

In June 2017, *Smiter*, in company with HM Ships *Archer*, *Ranger* and *Exploit*, deployed to the Baltic to take part in the NATO BALTOPS exercise, marking the first time that the Royal Navy P2000's were involved in such an exercise.

## Role

*Smiter* provides sea training for members of the Oxford University Royal Naval Unit.

1. "Patrol Boats – Archer class". *Royal Navy*. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
2. "Archer Class P2000 (URNU)". *Armed Forces.net*. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
3. "1st Patrol Boat Squadron's Baltops endeavour". *Royal Navy*. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2019.

## InfoBox

| HMS *Smiter* on the Solent outward bound from Portsmouth Naval Base 17 June 2016. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS *Smiter* |
| Operator | Royal Navy |
| Builder | Watercraft Marine |
| Laid down | 1985 |
| Launched | 1985 |
| Completed | 22 January 1986 |
| Commissioned | 4 September 1986 |
| Homeport | HMNB Portsmouth |
| Identification |  |
| Motto | "*Strike hard and often*" |
| Status | In active service |
| Badge |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Archer*-class patrol vessel |
| Displacement | 54 tonnes |
| Length | 20.8 m (68 ft) |
| Beam | 5.8 m (19 ft) |
| Draught | 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, Rolls-Royce M800T diesels, 1,590 bhp |
| Speed | * 14 kn (26 km/h) * 45 kn (83 km/h) (Hull design, but limited due to engine fitted) |
| Range | 550 nmi (1,020 km) |
| Complement | * 18 (training) * 12 (operational) |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | Decca 1216 navigation radar |
| Armament |  |


title: Harpalus nigrans

abstract: Harpalus nigrans is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by A. Morawitz in 1862.

text:
# Harpalus nigrans

***Harpalus nigrans*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by A. Morawitz in 1862.

## InfoBox

| *Harpalus nigrans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Harpalinae |
| Tribe: | Harpalini |
| Genus: | *Harpalus* |
| Species: | ***H. nigrans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Harpalus nigrans***<br>A. Morawitz, 1862 | |
|


title: National Heritage Library

abstract: The National Heritage Library (NHL) is a library in Belmopan, Belize. Located on Mountain View Boulevard, adjacent to the Museum of Archeology. It contains an extensive non-circulating collection of materials about Belize and Belizeans with some 20,000 materials in the collection. It also has much archive material including housing development plans, maps, private industry annual reports, and past and current national and local newspapers including the Amandala, Belize Reporter and the Belize Billboard. It also has a collection of digitized books and over 1500 videos of local news broadcasts and documentaries.

text:
# National Heritage Library

The **National Heritage Library** (**NHL**) is a library in Belmopan, Belize. Located on Mountain View Boulevard, adjacent to the Museum of Archeology. It contains an extensive non-circulating collection of materials about Belize and Belizeans with some 20,000 materials in the collection. It also has much archive material including housing development plans, maps, private industry annual reports, and past and current national and local newspapers including the *Amandala*, *Belize Reporter* and the *Belize Billboard*. It also has a collection of digitized books and over 1500 videos of local news broadcasts and documentaries.

17°14′41″N 88°46′19″W / 17.244649°N 88.771809°W / 17.244649; -88.771809


title: Oscinella frit

abstract: Oscinella frit is a European species of fly and member of the family Chloropidae. Oscinella frit is an agricultural pest causing damage to crops by boring into the shoots of oats, wheat, maize, barley and grasses.

text:
# Oscinella frit

***Oscinella frit*** is a European species of fly and member of the family Chloropidae. *Oscinella frit* is an agricultural pest causing damage to crops by boring into the shoots of oats, wheat, maize, barley and grasses.

## InfoBox

| *Oscinella frit* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Chloropidae |
| Genus: | *Oscinella* |
| Species: | ***O. frit*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oscinella frit***<br>(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Rufino Ortega

abstract: Rufino Ortega was an Argentine military man and politician. Сommanded the 4th Expeditionary Division under Lieutenant General Julio Argentino Roca. He was governor of the province of Mendoza from 1884 to 1887. He participated in the Battle of Santa Rosa in 1874, where he was severely wounded. Participated in the fighting during the Paraguayan War.

text:
# Rufino Ortega

**Rufino Ortega** (August 22, 1847 - November 20, 1917) was an Argentine military man and politician.

Сommanded the 4th Expeditionary Division under Lieutenant General Julio Argentino Roca. He was governor of the province of Mendoza from 1884 to 1887. He participated in the Battle of Santa Rosa in 1874, where he was severely wounded. Participated in the fighting during the Paraguayan War.

1. "Teniente General Rufino Ortega Molina". *geni\_family\_tree*. 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2024-03-09.


title: Gounn

abstract: "Gounn" (GOUNN) is the 10th single by the Japanese female idol group Momoiro Clover Z, released on November 6, 2013.

text:
# Gounn

"**Gounn**" (*GOUNN*) is the 10th single by the Japanese female idol group Momoiro Clover Z, released on November 6, 2013.

## Release details and philosophical reference

The single was released in two versions: a limited edition and a regular edition. The limited edition came with a DVD featuring the music video for the title track, but contains less songs on the CD in comparison to the regular CD-only edition. The tour of the same name (Momoiro Clover Z Japan Tour 2013 "Gounn") is being held from September 28.

"Gounn" refers to the 5 elements of humans' bodies and souls in Buddhist philosophy, the number 5 coincides with the total number of members in Momoiro Clover Z at the time.

## Track listing

### Limited edition

CD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Gounn" (*GOUNN*; lit. "The Five Elements of Human Beings") |  |
| 2. | "Itsuka Kimi ga" (いつか君が; lit. "What You Gave Some Time Ago") |  |
| 3. | "Gounn" (off vocal ver.) |  |
| 4. | "Itsuka Kimi ga" (off vocal ver.) |  |

DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Gounn" (Music Video) |  |

### Regular edition

CD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Gounn" |  |
| 2. | "Itsuka Kimi ga" |  |
| 3. | "Momoiro Taiko Dodonga Bushi" (ももいろ太鼓どどんが節) |  |
| 4. | "Gounn" (off vocal ver.) |  |
| 5. | "Itsuka Kimi ga" (off vocal ver.) |  |
| 6. | "Momoiro Taiko Dodonga Bushi" (off vocal ver.) |  |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Daily Singles Chart | 1 |
| Oricon Weekly Singles Chart | 2 |

## InfoBox

| "Gounn" | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the limited edition | |
| Single by Momoiro Clover Z | |
| Released | November 6, 2013 (2013-11-06) |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Length | 5:54 |
| Label | StarChild |
| Songwriter(s) | Natsumi Tadano, Shihori |
| Momoiro Clover Z singles chronology | |
| "Saraba, Itoshiki Kanashimitachi yo"
(2012) "**Gounn**"
(2013) "Naite mo Iinda yo"
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| Momoiro Clover Z "Gounn" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Range Ponds State Park

abstract: Range Ponds State Park is a public recreation area wrapping around the eastern end of Lower Range Pond in the town of Poland in Androscoggin County, Maine. The state park offers a sandy beach with lifeguard-supervised swimming, kayaking, limited motorized boating, hiking trails, and fishing. Mountain biking trails, built with the help of local volunteers, provide intermediate level, single-track loops off a central double-track trail that winds through mature pine and hardwood forests.

text:
# Range Ponds State Park

**Range Ponds State Park** is a public recreation area wrapping around the eastern end of Lower Range Pond in the town of Poland in Androscoggin County, Maine. The state park offers a sandy beach with lifeguard-supervised swimming, kayaking, limited motorized boating, hiking trails, and fishing. Mountain biking trails, built with the help of local volunteers, provide intermediate level, single-track loops off a central double-track trail that winds through mature pine and hardwood forests.

## History

The park was created after the State Park and Recreation Commission acquired over 500 acres of land bordering Lower Range Pond in 1965 from Hiram Ricker and Sons, bottlers of Poland Spring Water.

## Range Ponds

| Upper Range Pond | |
| --- | --- |
| Upper Range Pond | |
| Location | Poland, Maine |
| Coordinates | 44°00′N 70°24′W / 44.000°N 70.400°W / 44.000; -70.400 |
|  | |
| Max. length | 1.6 mi (2.6 km) |
| Surface area | 391 acres (158 ha) |
| Max. depth | 38 feet (12 m) |
| Surface elevation | 305 ft (93 m) |

| Middle Range Pond | |
| --- | --- |
| Middle Range Pond | |
| Location | Poland, Maine |
| Coordinates | 44°02′N 70°23′W / 44.033°N 70.383°W / 44.033; -70.383 |
|  | |
| Max. length | 1.8 mi (2.9 km) |
| Surface area | 366 acres (148 ha) |
| Max. depth | 66 feet (20 m) |
| Surface elevation | 305 ft (93 m) |

| Lower Range Pond | |
| --- | --- |
| Lower Range Pond | |
| Location | Poland, Maine |
| Coordinates | 44°03′N 70°22′W / 44.050°N 70.367°W / 44.050; -70.367 |
|  | |
| Max. length | 2.6 mi (4.2 km) |
| Surface area | 290 acres (120 ha) |
| Max. depth | 46 feet (14 m) |
| Surface elevation | 305 ft (93 m) |

The three Range Ponds are at the same elevation and connected by narrow necks where bridges carry roads over the pond. Flow sequence is from the upper pond through the middle pond to the lower pond which overflows through Range Brook to the Little Androscoggin River in Mechanic Falls 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north. The ponds have native populations of chain pickerel, white perch, and smallmouth bass, and have been stocked with brown trout and largemouth bass. These species of angling interest prey on native rainbow smelt and stocked alewife. Stocking with rainbow trout and land-locked Atlantic salmon has been discontinued.

### Upper Range Pond

Upper Range Pond is the shallowest of the three ponds. It is the southernmost pond, and the north end connects to the middle pond.

### Middle Range Pond

Middle Range Pond extends from the upper pond at its southern end to the lower pond at its northern end. Maine State Route 26 bridges the narrows where the middle pond connects to the lower pond. Middle pond is the largest and deepest of the three, and supports some lake trout. There is no spawning or nursery habitat for brook trout, but the species is regularly stocked for angling. Black crappie were illegally introduced to the middle pond in the early 21st century.

### Lower Range Pond

Covering 290 acres (120 ha), Lower Range Pond is the smallest, but longest, of the three; and forms the top of a "T" with the middle and lower ponds. The north end of the middle pond connects to a short bay on the southwest side of the lower pond. The state park is on the northeast shore and southeast end of the lower pond, while the northwest end of the lower pond overflows as Range Brook.

## InfoBox

| Range Ponds State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Maine | |
| Location | Poland, Maine, United States |
| Coordinates | 44°02′17″N 70°20′32″W / 44.038031°N 70.342181°W / 44.038031; -70.342181 |
| Area | 740 acres (300 ha) |
| Elevation | 308 ft (94 m) |
| Established | 1965 |
| Administrator | Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry |
| Website | Range Ponds State Park |


title: Maxine Lapiduss

abstract:
Maxine Lapiduss is an American comedian, singer, television writer, director, producer, entrepreneur, and branding strategist.
She is a graduate of Taylor Allderdice High School and the Carnegie Mellon University School of Drama, both in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where she was born and raised. Lapiduss wrote and produced many notable comedy series including Dharma & Greg, Ellen, Roseanne, Home Improvement and more.

text:
# Maxine Lapiduss

**Maxine Lapiduss** is an American comedian, singer, television writer, director, producer, entrepreneur, and branding strategist. She is a graduate of Taylor Allderdice High School and the Carnegie Mellon University School of Drama, both in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where she was born and raised.

Lapiduss wrote and produced many notable comedy series including *Dharma & Greg*, *Ellen*, *Roseanne*, *Home Improvement* and more.

## Storyverse Studios

Lapiduss is the co-founder and CEO of Storyverse Studios, an entertainment company founded in Los Angeles in 2014. Storyverse develops and produces story-driven properties within a multi-platform universe of entertainment. Their first property, *Find Me I'm Yours*, launched on November 3, 2014, and begins as a media rich ebook, written and designed by writer/artist/web innovator, Hillary Carlip, and published by Rosetta Books. The romantic comedy novel is filled with hand-written lists, Instagram-style photos, videos and links to its 33 original websites, and five web series all created as part of this Click Lit experience.

## Television writer/producer/director

Lapiduss wrote and produced the last season of *Ellen* (three Emmy nominations), *Roseanne*, (Emmy nomination as Best Comedy Series and a Golden Globe award), *Home Improvement* (People's Choice Awards for Best Comedy Series), *Dharma & Greg*, and *Situation: Comedy*, a Bravo reality series Lapiduss starred in and produced with Sean Hayes (*Will and Grace*) about how to make a sitcom. She has directed Disney Channel's acclaimed show, *Jessie*.

Lapiduss spent four months managing relationships and production on 40 episodes of the Russian adaptation of *The King of Queens* in Moscow. She also acted as Studio Executive and show runner for the pilots and post production of Sony International TV's adaptations of *The Cosby Show* and *Rules of Engagement* for CTC Media.

Lapiduss also co-founded non-profit Steeltown Entertainment Project, a teaching organization and production company whose mission is to bring film and TV production jobs back to Pittsburgh.

## Creative strategist

For more than a decade, Lapiduss has been working with artists, writers, performers, and filmmakers to expand their brands through her consulting company, Lapiduss Creative.

Lapiduss also pioneered one of the earliest online digital networks, Voxxy (1999-2001). As Co-President, Co-Founder, and Executive Creative Strategist, Lapiduss raised two rounds of financing, contracted A-list talent and notables for Voxxy involvement including Jennifer Aniston, Melissa Etheridge, Billie Jean King, Kathy Najimy, and Shirley Manson, among others. Lapiduss also recruited Hollywood show runners and producers to create content, and developed branded "advertainment" for entertainment companies, record labels, and businesses including Motorola and Hard Candy. Voxxy won the 2000 Bandie Broadband Award for innovation in the category "Newest New Thing."

## Performer

Lapiduss has written, starred in, and produced several one-woman variety shows including "Mackie's Back in Town", and has been honored with a nomination for Best Cabaret Artist (Female) 2011, by Broadway World Los Angeles.

Her video "Scared About Life Without Oprah" included a cameo by *Glee*'s Jane Lynch and was featured in *The Huffington Post*, *USA Today*, and *TV Guide*.

## InfoBox

| Maxine Lapiduss | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation(s) | Comedian, businessperson, television producer and writer |
| Years active | 1987–present |


title: HellermannTyton

abstract:
HellermannTyton is a British registered company with affiliated companies in 37 countries manufacturing and supplying products for fastening, fixing, identifying and protecting cables and their connecting components. The company employs worldwide over 3,800 people. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Delphi Automotive in December 2015.
Delphi has since renamed and separated the part of its business that is focused on automated driving and electrification, calling the new entity Aptiv.

text:
# HellermannTyton

**HellermannTyton** is a British registered company with affiliated companies in 37 countries manufacturing and supplying products for fastening, fixing, identifying and protecting cables and their connecting components. The company employs worldwide over 3,800 people. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Delphi Automotive in December 2015. Delphi has since renamed and separated the part of its business that is focused on automated driving and electrification, calling the new entity Aptiv.

## History

The company was founded by Paul Hellermann and Jack Bowthorpe in Croydon as Hellermann Electric, a subsidiary of Goodliffe Electric Supplies, in 1938. It moved to a new manufacturing site at Crawley in Sussex in 1948.

In 1964 the company acquired Insuloid Manufacturing, a business which had been founded in 1933 by the Emery family in Hulme, Manchester manufacturing bus-bar insulations. It launched the Tyton system, a method for cable bundling in continuous system, in 1965 and established HellermannTyton Corporation in Milwaukee in 1969. Then in 1976 it expanded into the aviation market, offering cable management products for aeroplanes.

The company established operations at Järfälla in Sweden in 1982, at Hyogo in Japan in 1986 and in Wuxi and in Shanghai in China in 1998. It then began harmonising its branding under the single worldwide trademark *HellermannTyton* in 1999. After that, in 2000, it established a new plant at Tornesch near Hamburg with 15,000 m2 of production and storage space.

The company was sold by its then owners, Spirent, to funds controlled by Doughty Hanson & Co for £289m in 2006. It was then the subject of an initial public offering in March 2013. In September 2013 Doughty Hanson & Co sold a further 20.9% stake in the company for £119.25m.

In July 2015 Delphi Automotive made an offer to buy the company for $1.7 billion. The acquisition was completed on 18 December 2015 and HellermannTyton became constituent part of Aptiv's Engineered Components Group division.

## Origin of name

The name HellermannTyton is a Portmanteau of the founders surname, Paul Hellermann, and the 1965 invented "Tyton System", a method for cable bundling in continuous system.

## Operations

### Manufacturing sites

Three production facilities are located in the UK (Manchester, Plymouth, Northampton). The others are located in Poland (Kotunia, within Słupca County), France (Trappes), Germany (Tornesch), South Africa (Johannesburg), Singapore (Yishun), China (Wuxi), Japan (Hyogo), Korea (Incheon), USA (Milwaukee), Mexico (General Escobedo) and Brazil (Jundiai).

### Processed materials

The materials processed are usually engineering plastics: PA 6.6 (in different condition, like heat stabilised, UV-resistant, weather resistant, impact modified, glass filled, mineral filled, coloured); PE, PP with different modifications; POM; PA 11, PA 12; PEEK; ETFE (Tefzel); PA 46; other technical thermoplastics; Chloroprene Rubber.

### Sectors and divisions

The company produces for diverse markets and industries including Original equipment manufacturers for passenger cars, rail carriages, aircraft and ships as well as products used in electronics, telecommunication equipment, appliances or on construction sites.

Product sales are categorised into the following segments:

* **Electrical**: products for Original equipment manufacturers, electrical wholesalers, contractors acting on behalf of diverse end-users, panel builders assembling electrical panels for end-markets, resellers to end-markets such as catalogue companies and sales to the mass transit, defence, alternative energy, products used for application offshore in wind farm and electronics end-markets.
* **Automotive**: comprises global sales to leading global manufacturers of cars, trucks and other heavy vehicles as well as to their suppliers (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers). The company develops and produce customer-specific products such as fastening elements and cable ties especially for the automotive industry, which are used in doors, in the engine compartment (e.g. cables, hoses and lines are held and fastened) and on the entire wiring harness. Another important operating segment of Aptiv is the connected car market.

* **Datacom and Other**: comprises products for data communication providers requiring secure environments such as data centres and open floor work area applications as well as sales to the other diverse non-cable management end-markets including forestry, agriculture and packaging.

### New parts development

The company develops products based on customer requirements. e.g. custom-made automotive wiring harnesses for passenger cars, for ship and aircraft manufacturers and other industries such as "white goods". Products are designed using design programs, known as CAD systems, in 3D. The designs are produced in a small series of prototypes sent to the customer for installation in vehicles, machinery etc. for testing purposes. After testing the part, corresponding quantities are made using injection moulding.

## InfoBox

HellermannTyton
|
|  |
| Industry | Electrical/Electronics |
| Founded | 1938 |
| Products | cable management products |
| Revenue | €596.9 million (2014) |
| Operating income | €83.0 million (2014) |
| Net income | €51.0 million (2014) |
| Number of employees | 5,400 (2019) |
| Parent | Aptiv PLC |
| Website | www.hellermanntyton.com |


title: Nam-jun

abstract: Nam-jun, sometimes spelled Nam-joon, is an uncommon Korean masculine given name. According to the naming website Erumy, the name ranked as the 2,973rd most popular given name throughout South Korea and is most commonly used in the common family name Kim, as of September 2020. There are 6 hanja with the reading "nam" and 43 with "jun" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

text:
# Nam-jun

| **Nam-jun** | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 남준 |
| Hanja | , , , , , , , , , and others |
| Revised Romanization | *Nam-jun* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Namchun* |

**Nam-jun**, sometimes spelled **Nam-joon**, is an uncommon Korean masculine given name. According to the naming website Erumy, the name ranked as the 2,973rd most popular given name throughout South Korea and is most commonly used in the common family name Kim, as of September 2020. There are 6 hanja with the reading "nam" and 43 with "jun" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

## Popularity

The name was most popular in 1994.

## People

## Fictional characters

* Nam-joon, character in the comedy drama film *The Last Ride*
* Ahn Nam-joon, main character in the television series *Sweet Buns*
* Kim Nam-joon, main character in the television series *Youth*
* Kim Nam-joon, main character in the television series *Left-Handed Wife*

1. "김남준, 이름통계 :: 작명No1. 이루미 작명시스템" \[Kim Nam-joon, Name Statistics: Name No1. Erumy Naming System\]. *Erumy* (in Korean). Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
2. "대법원 인명용 한자 : 네이버 한자사전 (NAVER Hanja dictionary)". *NAVER Hanja dictionary* (in Korean). Retrieved 31 December 2020.
3. "대법원 인명용 한자 : 네이버 한자사전 (NAVER Hanja dictionary)". *NAVER Hanja dictionary* (in Korean). Retrieved 31 December 2020.

## InfoBox

Nam-jun
| Gender | Masculine |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | |
| Language(s) | Korean |
| Meaning | "A respectable and gifted person in the South" (second hanja below), or any other meaning based on the hanja. |
| Other names | |
| Alternative spelling | Nam-joon, Nam June, Namchun |


title: Harol

abstract: Harol is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

text:
# Harol

**Harol** (French pronunciation: \[aʁɔl\] ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## InfoBox

| Harol | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Church of Saint-Epvre and school | |
|  | |
| Location of Harol | |
| HarolHarol | |
| Coordinates: 48°09′10″N 6°14′53″E / 48.1528°N 6.2481°E / 48.1528; 6.2481 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Vosges |
| Arrondissement | Épinal |
| Canton | Darney |
| Intercommunality | CC Mirecourt Dompaire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Gérard Aubry |
| Area**1** | 27.34 km2 (10.56 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 645 |
| Density | 24/km2 (61/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 88233 /88270 |
| Elevation | 311–428 m (1,020–1,404 ft)
(avg. 400 m or 1,300 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: National Heritage Life Insurance Company (NHLC) was an insurance company based in Orlando, Florida. It collapsed as a result of a fraud scheme, and was liquidated in 1995. It is believed to have been the largest insurance company failure caused by criminal acts in U.S. history, resulting in $450 million of losses.

text:
# National Heritage Life Insurance Company

**National Heritage Life Insurance Company** (NHLC) was an insurance company based in Orlando, Florida. It collapsed as a result of a fraud scheme, and was liquidated in 1995. It is believed to have been the largest insurance company failure caused by criminal acts in U.S. history, resulting in $450 million of losses.

## Background

National Heritage, then owned by Lifeco Investment Group, sold mostly universal life and other life insurance and annuity products, principally in Florida. In the late 1980s, the company was struggling financially, and in 1989 suffered a 34% decline in revenues, and reported a sizable operating loss. In 1990, the Delaware Insurance Department threatened to shut down the company if it did not raise additional capital. An investment group called Tri-Atlantic Holdings, operated by David Davies, Lambert Aloisi and Patrick Smythe, offered $4 million in return for a controlling interest in Lifeco and National Heritage. This was accepted.

## Fraud scheme

Lifeco did not know that Tri-Atlantic Holdings did not have $4 million. Instead, they issued a check and covered it with a series of transactions similar to a check-kiting scheme. These series of transactions reduced National Life's assets by $3 million. A lawyer named Michael Blutrich then became involved in the scheme. Blutrich was an owner of the strip club Scores in Manhattan, which was then controlled by the Gambino Mafia family. Blutrich was outside counsel for National Heritage, and later became a government witness who admitted to his role in the fraud.

Sholam Weiss became acquainted with Blutrich and his partner Lyle K. Pfeffer, and became involved in the fraud in 1992. After taking control in 1993, Weiss and others bought worthless stocks and mortgages in a series of deals that drained the insurer of hundreds of millions of dollars. Much of the money vanished., and millions went into accounts controlled by Weiss. The heavy involvement of attorneys, who comprised one-quarter of the persons eventually convicted, helped the conspirators keep the fraud secret.

National Life had about 35,000 customers, of whom about 10,500 lived in Florida. Many lost their life savings as a result of the fraud, though various guaranty funds repaid policy and annuity holders about $420 million. Nearly all the policies were acquired by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Though the policyholders were largely able to recoup their funds, the delay caused hardship for some.

### Aftermath

In 1994, the Delaware Insurance Department placed the company in receivership. It was liquidated in 1995.

Weiss was tried on multiple felony counts and fled the country while the jury was deliberating. In November 1999, he was found guilty in absentia and was sentenced to 845 years in prison. In addition to Weiss, 15 other defendants pleaded guilty or were convicted in the fraud case by the time he was sentenced, and several were serving long prison terms.

While on the run, Weiss travelled to Israel, Europe and South America, living extravagantly and spending money on fine dining, gambling and prostitution. He was apprehended in Vienna and extradited to the United States in 2002. At the time, Weiss was believed by the FBI to have control of $225 million to $250 million stolen from National Life.

The National Heritage financial collapse is believed to have been the largest insurance failure caused by crime in history, The sentence imposed on Weiss for his role in the scheme, 845 years, was the longest for a white-collar crime in the United States. Weiss's sentence was commuted by President Donald Trump on January 19, 2021.

## InfoBox

National Heritage Life Insurance Company
| Abbreviation | NHLC |
| --- | --- |
| Dissolved | 1995 (1995) |
| Headquarters | Orlando, Florida, U.S. |
| Products | Universal life insurance, life insurance, annuities |
| Fields | Insurance |
| Owner | Lifeco Investment Group |
| Key people |  |


title: Oscinella

abstract: Oscinella is a genus of flies in the family Chloropidae.

text:
# Oscinella

***Oscinella*** is a genus of flies in the family Chloropidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Oscinella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oscinella sp.* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Chloropidae |
| Subfamily: | Oscinellinae |
| Genus: | *Oscinella*<br>Becker, 1909 |
|


title: Rufino José Cuervo

abstract: Rufino José Cuervo Urisarri was a Colombian writer, linguist, and philologist.

text:
# Rufino José Cuervo

**Rufino José Cuervo Urisarri** (Bogotá, Colombia) was a Colombian writer, linguist, and philologist.

## Biography

He was the youngest son of María Francisca Urisarri Tordecillas and Dr. Rufino Cuervo y Barreto, a politician, lawyer, journalist and vice president of the Republic between 1845 and 1851.

He studied Latin and Greek, but the main part of his work was dedicated to the study of the dialectal variations of Spanish spoken in Colombia. About this topic, he wrote his book *Apuntaciones críticas sobre lenguaje bogotano* (*Critical Notes About Bogotan Language*, 1867), which is still an important reference in the study of the American Spanish language.

His most important work was *Diccionario de construcción y régimen de la lengua castellana* (*Dictionary of Castilian language construction and rection*). This work is updated on a regular basis by the Caro y Cuervo Institute. Cuervo also revised and republished the Spanish American grammar of Andrés Bello, *Castilian Grammar for Americans*.

Cuervo was one of the first linguists who promoted the union of the Spanish language in its different variants. He was worried about the segregationist trend in spoken Spanish and thought that this phenomenon was similar to the events following the fall of the Roman Empire, after which Latin gradually began splitting into several independent Romance languages, such as Spanish, Portuguese and Italian.

In 1878 he was admitted as the Colombian representative to the Real Academia Española. In 1882 he moved to Paris, where he lived until his death in 1911.

## InfoBox

| Rufino Jose Cuervo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Rufino José Cuervo Urisarri
(1844-09-19)September 19, 1844
Bogotá, Colombia |
| Died | July 17, 1911(1911-07-17) (aged 66)
París, France |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Occupation(s) | philologist, writer, linguist |
| Father | Rufino Cuervo y Barreto |


title: Grady Memorial Hospital

abstract: Grady Memorial Hospital is the public hospital for the city of Atlanta. The hospital is ranked as the tenth largest public hospital in the United States and is a Level I trauma center.

text:
# Grady Memorial Hospital

**Grady Memorial Hospital** is the public hospital for the city of Atlanta. The hospital is ranked as the tenth largest public hospital in the United States and is a Level I trauma center.

## History

Grady Memorial Hospital was founded in 1890 and opened in 1892, as an outgrowth of the *Atlanta Benevolent Home*. It is named for Henry W. Grady, an *Atlanta Constitution* journalist and later owner who became a major force in Georgia politics and advocated for a public city hospital. At the time of opening, the hospital officially had 14 rooms. The original building (at the corner of Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE and Coca-Cola Place) is now on the National Register of Historic Places and is known as *Georgia Hall*, where the hospital's human resources staff now work. The second Grady Hospital (at *Butler Hall*) opened in 1912 and was for whites only, with blacks being segregated at the Atlanta Medical College. The third hospital was at *Hirsch Hall* and the current location is its fourth. From 1945 until 2008, the hospital was run by the *Fulton/DeKalb Hospital Authority*.

The current facility was also built as a segregated institution, with one section serving whites (Wings A & B; facing the city) and another section serving African Americans (Wings C & D; facing the opposite direction). Even though it is a single building, and the two sides are connected by a hallway (Wing E), the facility was referred to in the plural ("The Gradys") during the years of segregation.

In 2007 and 2008, journalist Mike King of the *Atlanta Journal-Constitution* wrote a series of "Saving Grady" editorials – dozens of pieces over eighteen months – during the time when Grady Memorial Hospital was nearly insolvent and in danger of closing.

### Infant abductions

Seven infants were abducted from Grady from 1978 to 1996, which was more than from any other hospital in the United States during that time period. Five were recovered within hours or weeks of their abduction. An additional child was abducted from the home of his mother after the kidnapper followed her from Grady. The abductions were covered on season three of the podcast *The Fall Line*.

### Problems and restructuring

The hospital board has long been reluctant to make money-saving changes that might reduce its traditional mission. In late 2006, it rejected the advice of financial consultants and its newly hired chief executive to close an expensive outpatient dialysis clinic for the poor, being concerned that many of the clinic's uninsured patients, including many undocumented immigrants, would have nowhere else to turn. Others argued that the board of directors is politically clumsy and prone to micromanagement. In May the board's own consultants concluded that "Grady does not currently have the depth of leadership" necessary to transform the hospital.

In 2008, Grady Memorial Hospital was made into a non-profit organization. Numerous foundations have pledged hundreds of millions of dollars to revitalize it. Michael Young has become a chief executive officer. He was formerly the CEO of Erie County Medical Center Corp. in Western New York, University of Buffalo tertiary center. Prior to that, Young served for 16 years as president and CEO of the three-hospital, 530-bed Lancaster General Hospital & Health System in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

In February 2013, it was announced that Grady's net profit was $20 million and that 200-300 jobs had been added at the hospital in the preceding 18 months.

### 2008 tornado

On March 14, 2008, the buildings of Grady sustained minor damage when a tornado tore through downtown Atlanta. Historic Georgia Hall was the hardest hit, with windows blown out, a collapsed chimney, and water damage. The main hospital had a few cafeteria windows blown out, but never lost power. It was the first tornado to hit the downtown area since local weather record-keeping began in the 1880s. Nine people were taken to Grady for treatment, one of whom had critical injuries.

## Service

The hospital serves a large proportion of low-income patients and is supported almost entirely by Fulton and DeKalb counties, with little help from the suburbs or state, despite serving all of metro Atlanta's several counties. The hospital relies almost entirely on Emory University School of Medicine and Morehouse School of Medicine to provide doctor and resident staffing. As an editorial in *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution* said, "When you read the phrase 'Grady doctor,' do a silent translation, because those words really mean either 'Emory doctor' or 'Morehouse doctor.'"

Grady Hospital's ambulance service, Grady EMS, shares 9-1-1 responsibility for Fulton County, Georgia. The Downtown Connector (Interstate 75/85) makes a large bend around the hospital on its otherwise due north–south route, dubbed the "Grady Curve" on traffic reports.

## Notable patients

On August 11, 1949, *Gone with the Wind* author Margaret Mitchell was hit by a speeding car while crossing Peachtree Street with her husband on the way to a movie. She was knocked unconscious and was taken to Grady. X-rays showed that her skull was fractured from the top of her head all the way down to her spine and her pelvis was shattered. She never regained consciousness, and died five days later at Grady, on August 16, 1949. The driver, who had 23 prior traffic violations, was thought to be drunk and was convicted of involuntary manslaughter and served an 11-month jail term.

In 2001, actor Whitman Mayo, who played the character Grady on television's *Sanford and Son*, died of a heart attack at Grady.

Grady Hospital gained national attention for treating supermodel Niki Taylor after her near-fatal car accident on April 29, 2001, in which she suffered severe liver trauma. Its effectiveness as a level I trauma center was highlighted by this incident. Several press conferences were held outside the hospital discussing the gravity of her injuries and her slow recovery following more than 50 surgeries. It again gained attention after the Bluffton University bus accident in which seven died. The hospital cleared an entire wing of the hospital for the injured victims and their families.

## In media

CNN's medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta, who is Associate Chief of Neurosurgery at Grady, filmed a documentary at the hospital called *Grady's Anatomy* (a play on *Grey's Anatomy*) that aired in 2007 for *CNN Special Investigations Unit*. The documentary focused on four young medical residents and the daily stress of a large hospital practice.

In AMC's *The Walking Dead*, Grady Memorial became a major setting for several episodes of the show's fifth season in 2014. However, none of the series' scenes were filmed at the actual hospital.

## InfoBox

| Grady Memorial Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Coordinates | 33°45′08″N 84°22′57″W / 33.752221°N 84.382392°W / 33.752221; -84.382392 |
| Organization | |
| Care system | Public |
| Type | General |
| Affiliated university | Emory University School of Medicine<br>Morehouse School of Medicine |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level I trauma center |
| Beds | 989 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1892 |
| Links | |
| Website | gradyhealth.org |
| Lists | Hospitals in Georgia |


abstract: The Mississippi River & Bonne Terre Railway was a single-track standard-gauge steam railroad that was located in southeastern Missouri and began service in 1892. It extended from Riverside in a general southwesterly direction to the lead-mining field in St. Francois County. The main stem, from Riverside to Doe Run, was 46.492 miles (74.822 km) long. Eight short branch lines had a total trackage of 17.418 miles (28.032 km). Sidings and spurs aggregated 30.664 miles (49.349 km), and all tracks owned 94.574 miles (152.202 km).

text:
# Mississippi River and Bonne Terre Railway

The **Mississippi River & Bonne Terre Railway** (**M.R. & B.T.**) was a single-track standard-gauge steam railroad that was located in southeastern Missouri and began service in 1892. It extended from Riverside in a general southwesterly direction to the lead-mining field in St. Francois County. The main stem, from Riverside to Doe Run, was 46.492 miles (74.822 km) long. Eight short branch lines had a total trackage of 17.418 miles (28.032 km). Sidings and spurs aggregated 30.664 miles (49.349 km), and all tracks owned 94.574 miles (152.202 km).

## Corporate history

### Predecessors

The minerals and supplies of the St. Joseph Lead Co., which operated one of the world-leading lead mines, were transported until 1880 on animal-drawn wagons between the mines and the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railway. In 1880 the St. Joseph Lead Company laid the track a 10 miles (16 km) long narrow gauge railroad with a gauge of 3 feet (910 mm). It was inaugurated on 18 January 1880 and became known as the St. Joseph & Des Loge Railway. It was used to transport goods westerly from Bonne Terre to Summit, a point on the line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway Company, but the mine products of the St. Joseph Lead Company had still to be hauled for 18 miles (29 km) by ox-team from the mines to Bonne Terre. The narrow-gauge line was apparently jointly owned by the St. Joseph Lead Company and the Desloge Company. It was removed after the M.R. & B.T.'s property was placed in service. The cost was split between both companies: The St. Joe paid 66% and the Desloge Company paid 33%. The St. Joe Lead Company acquired in 1887 the assets of the Desloge Lead Company, and tried to find a shorter route, to reduce the transportation cost.

### M.R. & B.T.

The M.R. & B.T. was incorporated for a term of 50 years on May 11, 1888, under the provisions of Chapter 21, Articles 1 and 2, of the revised statutes of Missouri. The incorporators were nominees of the St. Joseph Lead Company. The avowed purpose of the corporation was to construct, operate, and maintain a standard or broad gauge railroad, extending in a northerly direction from Bonne Terre, St. Francois County, through St. Francois and Jefferson Counties, in Missouri, to a point on the Mississippi River now known as Riverside. The proposed line was 30 miles (48 km) long, and the authorized capital stock had the value of $10,000 per mile, or $300,000.

The railway was initially constructed as a narrow gauge railroad between Bonne Terre and Riverside, a wharf at the Mississippi River. The first section was inaugurated in 1890 and the Summit Railroad was subsequently abandoned. In 1894 the gauge of the railroad was re-gauged to standard gauge and later the track was expanded from Bonne Terre to Doe Run. It crossed the Belmont Branch of the Iron Mountain Railway at Doe Run Junction.

The main line of the Mississippi River and Bonne Terre Railroad was, after completion, only 46.492 miles (74.822 km) long, but it proved to be beneficial for the development of the Lead Belt, since there was a lot of traffic on the railroad. It was built similar to most trunk lines. A branch line was laid to Leadwood and there were several miles of feeders, turn-offs and sidings. The railroad ran through the growing towns of Bonne Terre, Desloge, St. Francois, Flat River, Rivermines, Elvins and Doe Run, whose economy benefited from the improved transport capabilities.

The inclines were below 1.8% and the curves had radii of 717 feet (218.5 m). The rail weights ranged between 75 and 90 lb/yard (37.5–45 kg/metre) similar to most trunk lines. Even so, the order for two Baldwin 4-6-2 Pacific locomotives included the following caution: "Engine frames to be extra heavy throughout. Engine frames to be designed to withstand rough usage and considerable lateral thrust, which will be continually in evidence given that the road is all curves, there being only one tangent \[straight track\] which is a mile long."

The following amendments to the original charter have been filed:

* On May 1, 1891, to change the style of construction of the road from standard to narrow gauge, and on November 4, 1893, to change it back from narrow to standard gauge.
* On May 1, 1891, to extend the line from its then southern terminus at Bonne Terre Depot in Bonne Terre to Doe Run, about 18 miles (29 km), and on June 21, 1895, to make a further extension of about 12.5 miles (20.1 km), southerly from Doe Run to a point in Madison County, Mo..
* On May 1, 1891, to increase the authorized capital stock to $500,000; on June 21, 1895, to $600,000; on September 14, 1903, to $2,500,000; and on August 3, 1911, to $3,000,000, which is the amount of capital stock authorized on June 30, 1914, the date of an ICC valuation.

The M.R.& B.T.'s main line from Riverside to Bonne Terre, 29.246 miles (47.067 km), was constructed for it by the St. Joseph Lead Company during 1889 and 1890. It was placed in regular service on March 10, 1890. The extension of the main line from Bonne Terre to Doe Run Junction, 13.898 miles (22.367 km), was also built by the St. Joseph Lead Company for the M.R. & B.T. It was placed in service in June, 1892. The southerly end of the main stem, extending from Doe Run Junction to Doe Run, 2.348 miles (3.779 km), was built, during 1892, by the Doe Run Lead Company, a subsidiary of the St. Joseph Lead Company. It was operated by the M.R. & B.T. under lease until September, 1893, when it was purchased outright. The foregoing 46.492 miles (74.822 km) of line were originally built as narrow gauge, but was changed to standard gauge in 1893–1894.

The four branch lines, embracing 17.418 miles (28.032 km), were constructed as standard gauge as follows:

* *Turpin branch*, Doe Run to Turpin, was built by the M.R. & B.T. in 1895-6: 3.007 miles (4.839 km)
* *Hoffman branch*, Hoffman Junction to Big River, 3.180 miles (5.118 km), was built by the M.R. & B.T. in 1899, and extension from Big River to end of track, 3.605 miles (5.802 km), built by the M.R. & B.T. in 1902: 6.785 miles (10.919 km)
* *Gumbo branch*, from River Mines to Mitchell Junction, 3.289 miles (5.293 km), was built by the St. Joseph Lead Company in 1898 and was purchased by the M.R. & B.T. in 1901; the extension from Mitchell Junction to the end of track, 1.326 miles (2.134 km), was built by the M.R. & B.T. in 1906 4.615 miles (7.427 km)
* *Crawley branch*, from Flat River to milepost 1.03 miles (1.66 km), was constructed by the St. Joseph Lead Company in 1893 and was purchased by the M.R. & B.T. in 1901; from milepost 1.03 to Columbia Mill, 0.731 mile was constructed by the Doe Run Lead Company in 1900–1901 and was acquired by the M.R. & B.T. in 1908. The extension of 1.250 miles (2.012 km) from Columbia Mill to end of track was built by the Columbia Lead Company in 1897, and was acquired by the M.R. & B.T. from the Doe Run Lead Company in 1908: 3.011 miles (4.846 km)

### Aftermath

The Missouri Pacific acquired the M.R. & B.T. in 1929 and merged it with the Missouri-Illinois Railroad, which operated it as an independent subsidiary until 1945. In 1938 a gasoline passenger train operated and made two round trips per day. The Missouri Pacific Railway subsequently acquired 51% of the Missouri–Illinois Railroad, with which it merged in 1978.

The 11-mile-long (18 km) section from Derby at the junction with the Missouri-Illinois Railway to Doe Run ceased operations in 1941. The 22-mile-long (35 km) section from Howe to Bonne including the tunnel were disused in 1969. The two 8-mile-long (13 km) sections up north and south of Bonne Terre were still in use in the late 1980s.

## Rolling stock

* 21 steam locomotives
* 1172 goods wagons
* 15 passenger carriages
* 10 pieces of work equipment

37°55′7″N 90°32′56″W / 37.91861°N 90.54889°W / 37.91861; -90.54889

## InfoBox

| Riverside–Doe Run | |
| --- | --- |
| T.V. Young, the Superintendent of the M.R. & B.T. in a track inspection vehicle Map of 1908 showing the main line and connections of the M.R.& B.T., built to serve lead mines in southeastern Missouri | |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 94.574 miles (152.202 km) |
| Track gauge | Initially 3 ft (914 mm), then<br>4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) |
| Minimum radius | 717 feet (218.5 m) |
| Maximum incline | 1.8 |
| Route map | |


title: Katilon Ke Kaatil

abstract: Katilon Ke Kaatil is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film, produced and directed by Arjun Hingorani. This film stars Dharmendra, Rishi Kapoor, Zeenat Aman, Tina Munim, Nirupa Roy, Shakti Kapoor and Amjad Khan. The music is by Kalyanji Anandji. The film is known for its hit music and several exploitation film gimmicks, including the appearance of Bruce Lee lookalike Bruce Le as well as a character called Reecha who resembles General Ursus from Planet of the Apes. Katilon Ke Katil was released on 11th December 1981, and was a critical and commercial success, becoming the 7th highest grossing film of 1981.

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# Katilon Ke Kaatil

***Katilon Ke Kaatil*** (transl."A Murderer's Murderer") is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film, produced and directed by Arjun Hingorani. This film stars Dharmendra (who previously appeared in Hingorani's *Kahani Kismat Ki*), Rishi Kapoor, Zeenat Aman, Tina Munim, Nirupa Roy, Shakti Kapoor and Amjad Khan. The music is by Kalyanji Anandji. The film is known for its hit music and several exploitation film gimmicks, including the appearance of Bruce Lee lookalike Bruce Le (capitalizing on the Bruceploitation trend) as well as a character called Reecha who resembles General Ursus from *Planet of the Apes*.

*Katilon Ke Katil* was released on 11th December 1981, and was a critical and commercial success, becoming the 7th highest grossing film of 1981.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Lyrics: Rajendra Krishan

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Yak Bayak Koi Kahin Mil Jaata Hai" | Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle |
| "Sare Bazaar Karenge Pyar, Na Koi Parda, Na Deewar" | Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle |
| "O Meri Chorni, O Meri Morni" (Part 1) | Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi |
| "O Meri Chorni, O Meri Morni" (Part 2) | Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi |
| "Yeh To Allah Ko Khabar, Yeh To Maula Ko Khabar" | Mohammed Rafi |
| "Main Woh Chanda Nahin Jise Baadal Chhupa Le | Hemlata, Anwar |
| "Katilon Ke Kaatil Ki Dastaan Sunaani Hai" | Mahendra Kapoor, Aziz Nazan |

## Reception and legacy

The film became a box office super hit. At the Indian box office, the film grossed 80 million (US$9.2 million) in 1981, equivalent to an estimated 3.8 billion (US$46 million) adjusted for inflation in 2023.

Retrospectively, the film is best known for its hit music and several exploitation film gimmicks. Capitalizing on Bruce Lee's popularity in India, the film exploited the Bruceploitation trend from Hong Kong action cinema, with the appearance of Bruce Lee lookalike Bruce Le in the film. It also featured a special character called Reecha, who was born of a woman and a wild bear, and resembles General Ursus from *Planet of the Apes*.

1. "Katilon Ke Kaatil 1981 Movie Lifetime Worldwide Collection". 2 August 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
2. Katilon Ke Kaatil. Box Office India.
3. "Top Adjusted Nett Grossers 1993". *Box Office India*. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
4. Allison, Keith (19 September 2019). "Bruce in Bollywood: Dharmendra Meets Bruce Le in Katilon Ke Kaatil". *Diabolique Magazine*. Retrieved 19 May 2022.

## InfoBox

| Katilon Ke Kaatil | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Arjun Hingorani |
| Produced by | Arjun Hingorani |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Kishore Rege |
| Music by | Kalyanji-Anandji |
| Release date | * 11 December 1981 (1981-12-11) |
| Running time | 165 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |
| Budget | ₹20 million |
| Box office | ₹80 million |


title: Pingyang railway station

abstract: Pingyang railway station, formerly known as Aojiang railway station, is a railway station located in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, on the Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway which is operated by Shanghai Railway Bureau, China Railway Corporation. The station name was renamed from Aojiang to Pingyang on July 15, 2019.

text:
# Pingyang railway station

**Pingyang railway station** (Chinese: 平阳站), formerly known as **Aojiang railway station** (Chinese: 鳌江站), is a railway station located in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, on the Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway which is operated by Shanghai Railway Bureau, China Railway Corporation.

The station name was renamed from Aojiang to Pingyang on July 15, 2019.

| Preceding station | China Railway High-speed | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rui'antowards Wenzhou South |  | Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway |  | Cangnantowards Fuzhou South |

27°37′46″N 120°32′26″E / 27.6294°N 120.5405°E / 27.6294; 120.5405

## InfoBox

| Pingyang
平阳 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang
China |
| Operated by | Shanghai Railway Bureau,
China Railway Corporation |
| Line(s) | Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway |
| Other information | |
| Station code | * TMIS code: 33996 * Telegraph code: ARH * Pinyin code: PYA |
| Classification | 2nd class station |
| History | |
| Previous names | Aojiang |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Harald Christian Nielsen

abstract: Harald Nielsen was a Danish designer of silver for Georg Jensen. The younger brother of Georg Jensen's third wife, he joined the company at 17 as a chaser's apprentice but later became one of the company's leading designers in the 1920s and 1930s and Jensen's closest colleague. One of his most well-known designs being the pyramid flatware pattern. In the early 1950s he headed the company's apprentice school and in 1958 became its artistic director.

text:
# Harald Christian Nielsen

**Harald Nielsen** (20 July 1892 – 22 December 1977) was a Danish designer of silver for Georg Jensen. The younger brother of Georg Jensen's third wife, he joined the company at 17 as a chaser's apprentice but later became one of the company's leading designers in the 1920s and 1930s and Jensen's closest colleague. One of his most well-known designs being the pyramid flatware pattern. In the early 1950s he headed the company's apprentice school and in 1958 became its artistic director.

## Early life

Nielsen was born in Bårse, Vordingborg Municipality, the youngest child of parish priest Søren Nielsen and Lydia Kold. His father died when he was just one year old and his mother then moved the family to Copenhagen. He had aspirations to become a painter but the family's difficult economic situation did not allow it. His eldest sister, Johanne, married Georg Jensen in 1907. In 1909, Nielsen began an apprenticeship as a chaser in his brother-in-law's silver workshop. The company paid for his drawing lessons with Carl V. Meyer.

## Career

Still an apprentice, Nielsen created the drawings for one of the workshop's catalogues. He briefly made another attempt to become a painter but was shortly thereafter once again employed by Georg Jensen, creating drawings based on Jensen's and Johan Rohde's sketches for the silversmiths to work after. He also began to create his own designs, developing his own style.

He received the K. A. Larssens Legat in 1921. He was appointed to deputy director of the company in 1958. He retired in 1962 but remained an artistic consultant until 1967.

## Works

Nielsen mostly designed hollow ware. His works are well-proportioned and characterized by a refined sense of style.

He also designed two sets of cutlery, *Pyramid* (1927–29) and *Dobbeltriflet* (1947) as well as a few pieces of jewellery.

## Exhibition

His works were part of Georg Jensen's contribution to the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris in 1925 and he was also represented at all other Georg Jensen exhibitions over the next decades. His 60 years birthday in 1932 was celebrated with a special exhibition at Georg Jensen & Wendel in Copenhagen.

Nielsen's works are represented in the collections of the Danish Design Museum as well as several international museums.

## InfoBox

| Harald Nielsen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1892-07-20)20 July 1892
Bårse, Denmark |
| Died | 22 December 1977(1977-12-22) (aged 85)
Hellerup, Denmark |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Occupation | Silver designer |


title: Osterburg, Pennsylvania

abstract: Osterburg is a small unincorporated community in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States, between Bedford, Claysburg, and Imler. The ZIP Code for Osterburg is 16667. It is part of the Chestnut Ridge School District.

text:
# Osterburg, Pennsylvania

**Osterburg** is a small unincorporated community in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States, between Bedford, Claysburg, and Imler. The ZIP Code for Osterburg is 16667. It is part of the Chestnut Ridge School District.

## Economy

Logging and dairy farming are leading parts of the economy of the Osterburg area. Local businesses include Osterburg Post Office, Slick's Ivy Stone Restaurant, First Commonwealth Bank, and Osterburg Country Store as well as Peights windows.

## Education

### Public schools

Osterburg is served by the Chestnut Ridge School District which operates two elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.

### Higher and post-secondary education

## Recreation

Although small, there are many recreational activities in the Osterburg area. Bobs Creek is 13.1 miles (21.1 km) long and has been determined by American Whitewater to be a class I-III section for rafting and kayaking. Blue Knob State Park is also nearby and provides swimming, camping, hunting, fishing, hiking, snowmobiling, cross country skiing and downhill skiing.

## Transportation

Osterburg is a half mile from access to I-99 and US 220, with easy access to Altoona, Bellefonte, Bedford, and the Pennsylvania Turnpike.

## InfoBox

| Osterburg, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Entering Osterburg from the west on PA 869 | |
| OsterburgLocation within the U.S. state of PennsylvaniaOsterburgOsterburg (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 40°10′10″N 78°31′13″W / 40.16944°N 78.52028°W / 40.16944; -78.52028 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Bedford |
| Townships | King, East St. Clair |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 16667 |